hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ohio State Route 355
State Route 355 (SR 355) was a short 1.37-mile-long (2.20 km) state highway in southwestern Ohio. The route served the former Fort St. Clair State Memorial (now Fort St. Clair Park) in Eaton, Preble County. The route began at SR 122 in western Eaton, traveled south along Camden Road for about 0.3 miles (0.48 km) before turning into the memorial, looping through the entire site, and ending at itself just south of the route's start at SR 122. The route was removed from the state highway system shortly after the park's jurisdiction was transferred from the state to the City of Eaton.

Ohio State Route 122
State Route 122 (SR 122) is an Ohio state highway which runs from the Ohio-Indiana state line in Preble County east of Eaton, Ohio to SR 48 near Lebanon, Ohio, a distance of 43.4 miles (69.8 km). When the route was designated in 1923, it ran along its current route from Indiana to Middletown. It was extended to its current eastern terminus in 1937 but was extended further east to U.S. Route 42 in 1946. The route was truncated back to SR 48 by 1985 with the former section being renamed "Old State Route 122" and maintained by Warren County as CR 230. The route also used to continue west of the Indiana state line as Indiana State Road 122 west to its terminus at US 27 east of Abington, Indiana.
Bonnie Fuller
Bonnie Fuller (born Bonnie Hurowitz; September 8, 1956) is a Canadian media executive who is the owner and editor-in-chief of Hollywood Life. Fuller previously worked as editor-in-chief for publications including YM, Cosmopolitan, Glamour, and Us Weekly.

Ad Age
Ad Age (known as Advertising Age until 2017) is a global media brand that publishes news, analysis, and data on marketing and media. Its namesake magazine was started as a broadsheet newspaper in Chicago in 1930. Ad Age appears in multiple formats, including its website, daily email newsletters, social channels, events and a bimonthly print magazine.

Ad Age is based in New York City. Its parent company, the Detroit-based Crain Communications, is a privately held publishing company with more than 30 magazines, including Autoweek, Crain's New York Business, Crain's Chicago Business, Crain's Detroit Business, and Automotive News.
Cape Crozier
Cape Crozier (77°31′S 169°24′E﻿ / ﻿77.517°S 169.400°E﻿ / -77.517; 169.400) is the most easterly point of Ross Island in Antarctica. 
It was discovered in 1841 during James Clark Ross's polar expedition of 1839 to 1843 with HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, and was named after Commander Francis Crozier, captain of HMS Terror, one of the two ships of Ross' expedition.

The extinct volcano Mount Terror, also named during the Ross expedition, rises sharply from the Cape to a height of 3,230 m (10,600 ft), and the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf (formerly known as the Barrier or Great Ice Barrier) stretches away to its east.

Adélie penguin
The Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a species of penguin common along the entire coast of the Antarctic continent. It is the most widespread penguin species in the Antarctic, and, along with the emperor penguin, is the most southerly distributed of all penguins. It is named after Adélie Land, in turn, named for Adèle Dumont d'Urville, who was married to French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, who first discovered this penguin in 1840. Adélie penguins obtain their food by both predation and foraging, with a diet of mainly krill and fish.
BMW B47
The BMW B47 is a four-cylinder common rail diesel engine produced by BMW. It debuted in 2014 as the successor to the previous N47 engine. While the B47D models are used in rear-wheel drive cars, the B47C variants are used with front-wheel drive.

BMW 4 Series (F32)
The first generation of the BMW 4 Series consists of the BMW F32 (coupé version), BMW F33 (convertible version) and BMW F36 (five-door liftback version, marketed as 'Gran Coupé') compact executive cars. The F32/F33/F36 was produced from 2013 to 2020 and is often collectively referred to as the F32.

The F32 was introduced as the successor to the E92/E93 coupé/convertible models of the fifth-generation 3 Series range. The F32 is produced alongside - and shares many features with - the F30 3 Series. As with the F30 3 Series range, the F32/F33/F36 is powered by turbocharged petrol and diesel engines with three cylinders (petrol only), four cylinders, and six cylinders.

The high performance F82/F83 M4 models were introduced in early 2014. They are powered by the S55 turbocharged straight-six engine.
Ictidognathus
Ictidognathus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids that lived in South Africa during the Late Permian. Fossils are found in the Tropidostoma and Cistecephalus Assemblage Zones of the Beaufort Group in the Western Cape.

Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone
The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is a tetrapod assemblage zone or biozone found in the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, a majorly fossiliferous and geologically important geological group of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. This biozone has outcrops located in the Teekloof Formation north-west of Beaufort West in the Western Cape, in the upper Middleton and lower Balfour Formations respectively from Colesberg of the Northern Cape to east of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape. The Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone is one of eight biozones found in the Beaufort Group, and is considered to be Late Permian in age.

The name of the biozone refers to Cistecephalus, a small, burrowing dicynodont therapsid. It is characterized by the presence of this species, known especially from the upper sections of this biozone, and the first appearance of the dicynodont Aulacephalodon.
Coastal giant salamander
The coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) is a species of salamander in the genus Dicamptodon (Pacific giant salamanders).  It is endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America. There are three closely related species to this taxon: D. ensatus (California giant salamander), D. copei (Cope's giant salamander), and D. aterrimus (Idaho giant salamander).

Neoteny
Neoteny (/niˈɒtəni/), also called juvenilization, is the delaying or slowing of the physiological, or somatic, development of an organism, typically an animal. Neoteny in modern humans is more significant than in other primates. In progenesis or paedogenesis, sexual development is accelerated.

Both neoteny and progenesis result in paedomorphism (as having the form typical of children) or paedomorphosis (changing towards forms typical of children), a type of heterochrony. It is the retention in adults of traits previously seen only in the young. Such retention is important in evolutionary biology, domestication, and evolutionary developmental biology. Some authors define paedomorphism as the retention of larval traits, as seen in salamanders.
Ruth Armer
Ruth Armer (May 26, 1896 – August 29, 1977) was an American abstractionist painter, teacher, art collector, and lithographer, from the San Francisco Bay area in California. Her art is held in the collections of San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.

John Sloan
John French Sloan (August 2, 1871 – September 7, 1951) was an American painter and etcher.  He is considered to be one of the founders of the Ashcan school of American art. He was also a member of the group known as The Eight. He is best known for his urban genre scenes and ability to capture the essence of neighborhood life in New York City, often observed through his Chelsea studio window. Sloan has been called the premier artist of the Ashcan School, and also a realist painter who embraced the principles of Socialism, though he himself disassociated his art from his politics.
Electromagnetic wave equation
The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.  It is a three-dimensional form of the wave equation. The homogeneous form of the equation, written in terms of either the electric field E or the magnetic field B, takes the form:

where

is the speed of light (i.e. phase velocity) in a medium with permeability μ, and permittivity ε, and ∇2 is the Laplace operator.  In a vacuum, vph = c0 = 299792458 m/s, a fundamental physical constant.  The electromagnetic wave equation derives from Maxwell's equations. In most older literature, B is called the magnetic flux density or magnetic induction. The following equationspredicate that any electromagnetic wave must be a transverse wave, where the electric field E and the magnetic field B are both perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Helmholtz equation
In mathematics, the Helmholtz equation is the eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator. It corresponds to the elliptic partial differential equation:

where ∇2 is the Laplace operator, –k2 is the eigenvalue, and f is the (eigen)function. When the equation is applied to waves, k is known as the wave number. The Helmholtz equation has a variety of applications in physics and other sciences, including the wave equation, the diffusion equation, and the Schrödinger equation for a free particle.

In optics, the Helmholtz equation is the wave equation for the electric field.

The equation is named after Hermann von Helmholtz, who studied it in 1860.
1991–92 Algerian League Cup
The 1991–92 Algerian League Cup officially called 1991–92 Federation Cup, was the 1st season of the Algerian League Cup. The competition is open to all 16 Algerian clubs participating in the Algerian Championnat National of the 1991–92 season. This season was stopped in semi-final for security reasons in Algeria.

1991–92 Algerian Championnat National
The 1991–92 Algerian Championnat National was the 30th season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams contested the league, with MO Constantine as the defending champions, The Championnat started on October 24, 1991. and ended on October 12, 1992.
Goodrington
Goodrington is an area of Paignton in Devon, England. It is situated in Tor Bay and lies between Paignton town centre and Brixham, less than 1 mile (1.6 km) south of central Paignton.  Its beach is known as Goodrington Sands.

Tor Bay
Tor Bay (sometimes written as Torbay) is a bay on the south-east coast of the county of Devon, England. Facing east into the English Channel, it is about 4.5 mi (7.2 km) wide from north to south. The settlements of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, which lie along its coastline, are known collectively as Torbay.
Zico Bailey
Zico Alika Lefroy Locquiao Bailey (born August 27, 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or a right-back for USL Championship club New Mexico United. Born in the United States, he represents the Philippines at international level.

Cal State Fullerton Titans
The California State University, Fullerton Titans (also known as CSUF or Fullerton Titans) are the athletic teams that represent California State University, Fullerton.

The Titans are a member of the NCAA Division I level. The Titans compete within the Big West Conference (BWC) for most sports.
Saudi Arabian Cricket Federation
Saudi Arabian Cricket Federation is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Saudi Arabia. Its headquarters is currently based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is Saudi Arabia's representative at the International Cricket Council, and has been a member of the Council since 2003. It is also a member of the Asian Cricket Council.

Saudi Arabia became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 2003, and became that body's 39th associate member in 2016.

Asian Cricket Council
The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) is the sport governing body of cricket in most countries and territories in Asia. The ACC was established in 1983, to promote and develop the sport of Cricket in Asia. Subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently consists of 30 member associations. Mohsin Naqvi is the current president of Asian Cricket Council.
Judah (son of Jacob)
Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה‎, Modern: Yəhūda, Tiberian: Yŭhūḏā) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fourth of the six sons of Jacob and Leah and the founder of the Tribe of Judah of the Israelites. By extension, he is indirectly the eponym of the Kingdom of Judah, the land of Judea, and the word Jew.

According to the narrative in Genesis, Judah alongside Tamar is a patrilineal ancestor of the Davidic line. The Tribe of Judah features prominently in Deuteronomistic history, which most scholars agree was reduced to written form, although subject to exilic and post-exilic alterations and emendations, during the reign of the Judahist reformer Josiah from 641 to 609 BCE.

Jahwist
J: Yahwist (10th–9th century BCE)

E: Elohist (9th century BCE)

Dtr1: early Deuteronomist historian (7th century BCE)

Dtr2: later Deuteronomist historian (6th century BCE)

P*: Priestly (6th or 5th century BCE)

D†: Deuteronomist

R: Redactor

DH: Deuteronomistic history (books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings)

The Jahwist or Yahwist (J) is one of the most widely recognized sources of the Pentateuch (Torah), together with the Deuteronomist (D), the Priestly source (P) and the Elohist (E). The existence of the Jahwist text is somewhat controversial, with a number of scholars, especially in Europe, denying that it ever existed as a coherent independent document. Nevertheless, many scholars do assume its existence. The Jahwist is so named because of its characteristic use of the term Yahweh (German: Jahwe; Hebrew: יהוה) for God.
Military Madness: Nectaris
Military Madness: Nectaris is a turn-based strategy game developed for WiiWare, Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network by Hudson Soft. It is the latest game in the Nectaris series, and an enhanced remake of the first game.

Nectaris has the maps as the original, but features 3D graphics, new units, a new story and online co-op and competitive multiplayer modes for up to four players. Hudson claimed that all three versions are identical, save for a few multiplayer maps omitted in the WiiWare version.

The WiiWare version was discontinued in March 2012. The PlayStation Network version was delisted in Europe in 2017.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Roth (district)
Roth is a Landkreis (district) in Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northeast and clockwise) the districts of Nürnberger Land, Neumarkt, Eichstätt, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Ansbach and Fürth, and the cities of Schwabach and Nürnberg.

In medieval times the area was ruled by many lords. Brandenburg-Ansbach and Nuremberg owned possessions in the territory, and other parts were the property of clerical states. When these clerical states were dissolved in 1803, the territory fell to Bavaria.

The district was established in 1972 through the merger of the former districts of Roth, Schwabach and Hilpoltstein.

Schwabach
Schwabach (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbax] ⓘ) is a German city of about 40,000 inhabitants near Nuremberg in the centre of the region of Franconia in the north of Bavaria. Together with the neighboring cities of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen, Schwabach forms one of the three metropolitan areas in Bavaria. The city is an autonomous administrative district (kreisfreie Stadt). Schwabach is also the name of the river which runs through the city prior to joining the Rednitz.

Schwabach is famous for its crafts made of gold, particularly gold foil. In 2004, Schwabach celebrated this tradition with an anniversary festival, marking "500 years gold foil in Schwabach".

Around 1500, a local typesetter developed the "Schwabacher" font. This font was used for printing the first Bible in German, which had been worked out by Martin Luther.
Establishment of Soviet power in Russia (1917–1918)
The Establishment of Soviet power in Russia (in Soviet historiography, «Triumphal Procession of Soviet Power») was the process of establishing Soviet power throughout the territory of the former Russian Empire, with the exception of areas occupied by the troops of the Central Powers, following the seizure of power by Bolsheviks in Petrograd on 7 November 1917 [O.S. 25 October], and in mostly completed by the beginning of the German offensive along the entire front on February 18, 1918.

Alexey Kaledin
Alexey Maksimovich Kaledin (Russian: Алексе́й Макси́мович Кале́дин; 24 October 1861 – 11 February 1918) was a Don Cossack Cavalry General who commanded the 12th Cavalry Division and Russian Eight Army during World War I. He also led the Don Cossack White movement in the opening stages of the Russian Civil War.
Sky Replay
Sky Replay was a British pay television channel operated by Sky that began broadcasting in December 2002 as Sky One Mix. The channel was previously known as Sky Two from 2005 to 2020. The brand name and format had earlier been used for a similar service which broadcast on analogue platforms for a year from 1996.

On 27 August 2020, the channel's name changed to Sky Replay and served as a sister channel to Sky Max and Sky Witness; broadcasting repeats of programmes aired on those channels and also broadcasting repeats of dramas that Sky no longer holds first-run rights or rights that are soon to expire. Sky Replay closed at 6 am on 30 October 2025.

Timeshift channel
A timeshift channel or time-shift channel (sometimes referred to as a +1 channel) is a television channel carrying time-delayed reruns of its "parent" channel's programming. This channel runs alongside its parent: the term timeshift does not refer to a network broadcasting at a later time to reflect a local time zone, unless the parent is also available. Often the timeshift channel's branding and advertising will be the same as that of the parent, with the channel number and respective timing being the only distinction between the two, but some, such as Channel 4 +1 in the United Kingdom and TVNZ 1+1 in New Zealand, will overlay a different digital on-screen graphic to distinguish the two channels. A few channels, like Film4 +1 in the United Kingdom, do not carry a digital on-screen graphic on its regular channel or its timeshift channel.
Argythamnia proctorii
Argythamnia proctorii, the Cayman silverbush, is a species of silverbush that is endemic to the Cayman Islands. It is widespread in the forests of all three Cayman Islands, and its population is estimated to be 428,000 mature individuals. It is an erect, wiry-stemmed plant growing to about 1.5 m tall. It is monoecious, and seed capsules are produced year-round. When the seed capsules are ripe, they dry and explode, scattering the seeds.

Argythamnia
Argythamnia is a genus of plants of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1756. They are known commonly as silverbushes.

Species

As with many other genera, there have been many changes in classification the past several years. The following list includes species accepted as  members of Argythamnia as of September 2014. The species are native to Central America, Mexico, the West Indies, Colombia, and Texas.

formerly included

Moved to other genera (Caperonia Chiropetalum Croton Ditaxis Philyra Speranskia)
Nørre Felding
Nørre Felding is a village, with a population of 731 (1 January 2025), in Holstebro Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located at the Danish national road 11, 36 km northwest of Herning, 44 km northeast of Ringkøbing and 5 km south of Holstebro.

Nørre Felding Church is located in the small village of Nørre Felding Kirkeby 1.5 km east of Nørre Felding. It is a Romanesque square stone church from before 1200.

Ringkøbing
Ringkøbing (older spelling Ringkjøbing) is a town in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality in Region Midtjylland on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark. It has a population of 9,830 (1 January 2025).
John Sampen
John Sampen (born 1949) is an American classical saxophonist.

Sampen's degrees are from Northwestern University (B.M., 1971; M.M., 1972; and Doctor of Music, 1984). His teachers included Frederick Hemke, Larry Teal, and Donald Sinta. He has served as professor of saxophone at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio since 1977. His wife is the composer and pianist Marilyn Shrude.

Sampen plays all types of the saxophone. He specializes in new music, and has commissioned over 60 new works for these instruments, from composers such as Samuel Adler, William Albright, Milton Babbitt, William Bolcom, John Cage, Michael Colgrass, John Harbison, Donald Martino, Ryo Noda, Pauline Oliveros, Bernard Rands, Gunther Schuller, Elliott Schwartz, Marilyn Shrude, Morton Subotnick, and Vladimir Ussachevsky.

William Bolcom
William Elden Bolcom (born May 26, 1938) is an American composer and pianist. He has received the Pulitzer Prize, the National Medal of Arts, a Grammy Award, and the Detroit Music Award, and was named Composer of the Year by Musical America in 2007. He taught composition at the University of Michigan from 1973 to 2008 and was named the Ross Lee Finney Distinguished University Professor of Composition in 2006. He is married to mezzo-soprano Joan Morris.
2008 Manly Warringah Sea Eagles season
The 2008 Manly Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 62nd in the club's history. Coached by Des Hasler and captained by Matt Orford, they competed in the National Rugby League's 2008 Telstra Premiership.

Matt Orford
Matthew Orford (born 22 April 1978), also known by the nickname of "The Ox", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played for the Gosford Townies as a junior. A City New South Wales representative halfback, he played the majority of his club football career in Australia for National Rugby League clubs Melbourne Storm and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, representing the latter when he won 2008's Dally M Medal and NRL premiership. Orford also played for NRL sides Northern Eagles and Canberra Raiders, as well as in Super League for England's Bradford Bulls.
Fontana Liri
Fontana Liri is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone located in the Italian Lazio region, approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Frosinone. Fontana Liri is in the Latin Valley.

Fontana Liri borders the following municipalities: Arce, Arpino, Monte San Giovanni Campano, Rocca d'Arce, Santopadre.

The town is the birthplace of Marcello Mastroianni, Umberto Mastroianni and Nicola Parravano.

Monte San Giovanni Campano
Monte San Giovanni Campano is a comune (municipality) of about 12,800 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Frosinone. Monte San Giovanni Campano is in the Latin Valley

It is best known as the place where Thomas Aquinas was imprisoned by his family for two years. St. Thomas' cell now houses a 16th-century triptych of the Neapolitan School.

Monte San Giovanni is home to an 11th-century fortress, the Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano.  It was the first western fortification ever to be breached and captured using a bombardment from portable field artillery, when its castle was stormed by the troops of Charles VIII of France in a mere eight hours in 1495.

Monte San Giovanni was also a summer residence of Pope Adrian IV starting in 1155, and where sojourned the poet Vittoria Colonna.