hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bird ichnology
Bird ichnology is the study of avian life traces in ornithology and paleontology. Such life traces can include footprints, nests, feces and coproliths. Scientists gain insight about the behavior and diversity of birds by studying such evidence.

Ichnofossils (or ichnites) are especially important for clarifying the evolution and prehistoric diversity of taxa. These cannot usually be associated with a particular genus, let alone species of bird, as hardly ever they are associated with fossil bones. But it is possible to group them into ichnotaxa based on their morphology (form). In practice, the details of shape that reveal the birds' behavior or biologic affinity are generally given more weight in ichnologic classification.

Egg fossil
Egg fossils or oofossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by ancient animals. As evidence of the physiological processes of an animal, egg fossils are considered a type of trace fossil. Under rare circumstances a fossil egg may preserve the remains of the once-developing embryo inside, in which case it also contains body fossils. A wide variety of different animal groups laid eggs that are now preserved in the fossil record beginning in the Paleozoic. Examples include invertebrates like ammonoids as well as vertebrates like fishes, possible amphibians, and reptiles. The latter group includes the many dinosaur eggs that have been recovered from Mesozoic strata. Since the organism responsible for laying any given egg fossil is frequently unknown, scientists classify eggs using a parallel system of taxonomy separate from but modeled after the Linnaean system. This "parataxonomy" is called veterovata.
1988 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 1988 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the second edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 8–11 September in Singapore. A total of 40 events were contested, 22 for male athletes and 18 for female athletes.

Asian U20 Athletics Championships
The Asian U20 Athletics Championships (formerly Asian Junior Athletics Championships) are the Asian championships open for those of age according to junior. It is currently organized by the Asian Athletics Association.
Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history. Before the Mongol conquest, Russians of Novgorod and Vladimir repeatedly looted and attacked the area, thereby weakening the Bulgar state's economy and military power. The latter ambushed the Mongols in the later 1223 or in 1224. Several clashes occurred between 1229–1234, and the Mongol Empire conquered the Bulgars in 1236.

Batu Khan
Batu Khan (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan.  His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.
Henry Downes (bishop)
Henry Downes (died 1735) was an eighteenth-century Irish Anglican bishop.

He was nominated Bishop of Killala and Achonry on 24 January 1717 and  consecrated on 12 May that year. In 1720 he was translated to Elphin, being nominated on 1 May and appointed by letters patent on 12 May 1720. In 1724 he was nominated on 17 March to be the Bishop of Derry and appointed by letters patent on 9 April 1724. In 1725 he was made a member of the Privy Council of Ireland. Finally on 11 January 1727 he was nominated Bishop of Derry  and appointed by letters patent on 8 February 1727. He died in office on 14 January 1735.

Bishop of Derry
The Bishop of Derry is an episcopal title which takes its name after the monastic settlement originally founded at Daire Calgach and later known as Daire Colm Cille, Anglicised as Derry. In the Catholic Church it remains a separate title, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with another bishopric.
Leucadendron spirale
Leucadendron spirale, the Wolseley conebush, was a flower-bearing shrub belonging to the genus Leucadendron and formed part of the fynbos. The plant was native to the Western Cape where it was found in the Breede River Valley between Wolseley and Botha, before becoming extinct. The plant was observed only four times, in 1801, 1819, 1820s and 1933.

In Afrikaans it is known as Wolseley-tolbos.

Leucadendron
Leucadendron is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where they are a prominent part of the fynbos ecoregion and vegetation type.
2022–23 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2022–23 CAF Confederation Cup, officially the 2022–23 TotalEnergies CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship purposes, was the 20th season of the CAF Confederation Cup and 48th overall season of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

RS Berkane were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the playoff round by US Monastir. USM Alger won this edition and as such qualified automatically for the next season and earned the right to play against the winners of the 2022–23 CAF Champions League in the 2023 CAF Super Cup.

2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2023–24 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2023–24 TotalEnergies CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st edition  of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), under the current CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup.

The winners automatically qualified for the 2024–25 CAF Confederation Cup, and also earn the right to play against the winners of the 2023-24 CAF Champions League in the 2024 CAF Super Cup.
Hemiphragmoceratidae
Hemiphragmoceratidae is a family of endogastrically brevconic oncocerids characterized by elaborately visored apertures in which the hyponomic sinus in mature specimens is on a spout-like process and there may be  lateral and dorsal salients. (Sweet 1964, Flower 1950). Shells are compressed with the apical portion curved and the anterior straight. Siphucles are nummuloideal with expanded spheroidal segments and  continuously actinosiphonate interiors.

The Hemiphragmoceratidae are probably descended from the Oncoceratidae and are known from the middle and upper Silurian but may range into the middle Devonian (Sweet 1964). They are similar with regard to their constricted and ornate apertures to the middle Silurian exogastric Trimeroceratidae and the  Siluro-devonian discosorid Phragmoceratidae (Teichert 1964)

Some five genera have been described; Hemiphragmoceras, Conradoceras, Hexameroceras, Octamerella, and Tetrameroceras.

Hexameroceras
Hexameroceras is a genus of nautiloid cephalopods belonging to the order Oncocerida that lived during the middle and late Silurian. Its fossils have been found in North America in Indiana, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and in Europe in the Czech Republic (Czech Republik according to TUREK, 2009).

Hexameroceras is similar to Tetrameroceras but has 3 pairs of dorsolateral sinuses (lateral embayments in the aperture) and narrow mid-dorsal projection or salient. The shell, as for the family, is breviconic, i.e. short, curved toward the apex, straight toward the aperture. The siphuncle is ventral, nummuloidal and contains inwardly radial actinosiphonate deposits.
Stri Dharma
Stri Dharma, translated into English as 'The Sphere of Women',
was an anti-colonial and pro-nationalist magazine of the Women's Indian Association which was first published in January 1918 by two Theosophist feminists –Margaret Cousins and Dorothy Jinarajadasa– and continued until August 1936.Dorothy Graham Jinarajadasa,
Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins,
Mahadeva Sastri,Srimati Patwardhan and Muthulakshmi Reddy formed the magazine's originating board. Its title was Sanskrit for the dharma of women: their right way.

Margaret Cousins
Margaret Elizabeth Cousins (née Gillespie; 7 November 1878 – 11 March 1954), known as Gretta Cousins, was an Irish-Indian educationist, suffragist and Theosophist, known for founding the All India Women's Conference (AIWC) and co-founding the Women's Indian Association (WIA).

Cousins is credited with preserving the tune of the Indian National Anthem Jana Gana Mana, and was a member of the Flag Presentation Committee which presented the National Flag to the Constituent Assembly on 14 August 1947.
Rentina Gorge
The Rentina Gorge (Greek: Στενά της Ρεντίνας) or Macedonian Tempe (Greek: Μακεδονικά Τέμπη) is a gorge in Rentina, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece, named after Tempe (mod. pronunciation: "Tembi"), the long strip of gorges, hills and rivers in Thessaly.

The Rentina Gorge, located between Mount Cholomon and the Kerdylia mountains, lies just outside the major city of Thessaloniki and is a popular tourist spot during autumn, when the leaves change colour, and summer, when many people picnic there.

40°39′22″N 23°36′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.656°N 23.605°E﻿ / 40.656; 23.605

Vale of Tempe
The Vale of Tempe or Tembi (/ˈtɛmpi/; Greek: Τέμπη, Κοιλάδα των Τεμπών; Ancient Greek: Τέμπεα, Τέμπη) is a gorge in the Tempi municipality of northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south, and between the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia.

In the Greek municipality of Tempi, the valley is ten kilometers long and as narrow as 25 metres in places, with cliffs nearly 500 metres high. Through it flows the Pineios River on its way to the Aegean Sea. Historically the gorge has provided a strategic route through the mountains and its impressive rugged beauty is poetically renowned.
The Fountain Pen Shop
The Fountain Pen Shop was a historic fountain pen retailer, museum, and repair shop in Downtown Los Angeles, and later, Monrovia, originally established in 1922. The shop is considered to be the oldest pen shop in the United States operated continuously by the same family. Its original location was at the intersection of Sixth and Spring Streets, with its second Downtown Los Angeles location near Pershing Square and its Monrovia location at 2640 S. Myrtle Ave.

Fountain pen
Pilot Justus 95

Pelikan Souverän M1000

Montblanc Meisterstück 149

Pilot Heritage 912

Parker Duofold Centennial

Sheaffer Snorkel Admiral

Lamy Dialog 3

Welty

Parker Sonnet

Conway Stewart 55

Waterman Thorobred

Mabie Todd Swan 3220

A fountain pen is a writing instrument that uses a metal nib to apply water-based ink to paper. It is distinguished from earlier dip pens by using an internal reservoir to hold ink, eliminating the need to repeatedly dip the pen in an inkwell during use. The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits the ink on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action. Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually, via the use of an eyedropper or syringe, or via an internal filling mechanism that creates suction (for example, through a piston mechanism) or a vacuum to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir. Some pens employ removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges.
Elizabeth Hawes
Elizabeth Hawes (December 16, 1903 – September 6, 1971) was an American clothing designer, outspoken critic of the fashion industry, and champion of ready to wear and people's right to have the clothes they desired, rather than the clothes dictated to be fashionable, an idea encapsulated in her book Fashion Is Spinach, published in 1938. She was among the first American apparel designers to establish their reputations outside of Paris haute couture. In addition to her work in the fashion industry as a sketcher, copyist, stylist, and journalist, and designer, she was an author, union organizer, champion of gender equality, and political activist.

Lord & Taylor
Lord & Taylor is an American online department store founded in 1826 by Samuel Lord and George Washington Taylor. Until 2021, Lord & Taylor operated brick-and-mortar stores, operating 86 locations around the United States at its peak in the 2000s. The flagship store was located on Fifth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan district of New York City, operating from 1914 until 2019.

The company declared bankruptcy in 2020 and shuttered all physical stores and online operations in 2021. Lord & Taylor's intellectual property was sold to Saadia Group, who relaunched it as an online department store in 2021. In 2024, Saadia Group's assets were seized by court order and the intellectual property of Lord & Taylor was sold to Regal Brands Global. Regal Brands Global relaunched the Lord & Taylor e-commerce business in 2025.
WDCX-FM
WDCX-FM (99.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Buffalo, New York. The station airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format.  WDCX-FM is owned by Kimtron, Inc., a division of Crawford Broadcasting.  Its studios are located in the Allentown neighborhood north of downtown Buffalo, and the transmitter site is located off Zimmerman Road in Boston, New York, southeast of Buffalo.

As a brokered time station, nationally known religious leaders pay WDCX-FM for their half hour segments on the station, and appeal to the listeners for contributions.  Hosts on WDCX-FM include Dr. Charles Stanley, Jim Daly, Chuck Swindoll and Jay Sekulow.  Since 2012, WDCX is simulcast on WDCZ (970 AM) in Buffalo.  Programming is also heard on WDCX (990 AM) in Rochester, New York.

WDCX-FM broadcasts in HD Radio.  The station's HD 2 channel carries Christian music.

Brokered programming
Brokered programming (also known as time-buy and blocktime) is a form of broadcast content in which the show's producer pays a radio or television station for air time, rather than exchanging programming for pay or the opportunity to play spot commercials. A brokered program is typically not capable of garnering enough support from advertisements to pay for itself, and may be controversial, esoteric or an advertisement in itself.
Who Is Sylvia? (play)
Who Is Sylvia? is a 1950 comedy play by the British writer Terence Rattigan about a man obsessed with the image of a woman he met as a seventeen year old and his search for her throughout the rest of his life. The play offered a thinly veiled portrayal of Rattigan's own philandering father. Like Perchance to Dream, Ivor Novello's long-running musical terminating only two years previously, Rattigan chose a line from William Shakespeare for his title. The line is the first wistful question of a song passage in The Two Gentlemen of Verona.

The Two Gentlemen of Verona
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; for example, it is the first of his plays in which a heroine dresses as a boy. The play deals with the themes of friendship and infidelity, the conflict between friendship and love, and the foolish behaviour of people in love. The highlight of the play is considered by some to be Launce, the clownish servant of Proteus, and his dog Crab, to whom "the most scene-stealing non-speaking role in the canon" has been attributed.

Two Gentlemen is often regarded as one of Shakespeare's weakest plays. It has the smallest named cast of any play by Shakespeare.
Victoria Road, Hong Kong
Victoria Road is a main road near the west shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong connecting Kennedy Town and Wah Fu and an alternative connection of Pok Fu Lam Road. It begins north with Belcher's Street in Kennedy Town and goes along Mount Davis, Sandy Bay, Telegraph Bay and Waterfall Bay and reaches in Kellett Bay.

Waterfall Bay, Hong Kong
Waterfall Bay or Pok Po Wan (Chinese: 瀑布灣; pinyin: Pùbùwān; Jyutping: buk6 bou3 waan1) is a bay in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Located on the East Lamma Channel off the coast of Wah Fu Estate and Cyberport at Telegraph Bay, it is named after the waterfall that flows into it. The fresh water from this waterfall is said to have given the city its name – the translation of Hong Kong's name in Cantonese 香港 means "fragrant harbour". An eponymous park is now situated around the area.
Shigeyoshi Matsumae
Shigeyoshi Matsumae (松前重義, Matsumae Shigeyoshi; October 24, 1901 – August 25, 1991) was a Japanese electrical engineer, inventor of the non-loaded cable carrier system, the Minister of the Ministry of Communications (Teishin-in, between August 30, 1945, and April 8, 1946), politician and the founder of Tokai University. He is also known as a patron of Yasuhiro Yamashita, a judo champion from Tokai University.

Ballpark
A ballpark, or baseball park, is a type of sports venue where baseball is played. The playing field is divided into two field sections called the infield and the outfield. The infield is an area whose dimensions are rigidly defined in part based on the placement of bases, and the outfield is where dimensions can vary widely from ballpark to ballpark. A larger ballpark may also be called a baseball stadium because it shares characteristics of other stadiums.
KQQK
KQQK (107.9 FM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican radio format. It is licensed to Beaumont, Texas, and is owned by MediaCo.  It calls itself "El Norte 107.9."  The studios and offices are on Bering Drive in Houston.

KQQK has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 90,000 watts broadcasting from a tower at 565 meters (1,853 feet) in height above average terrain (HAAT).  The transmitter is off Cleveland Street in Devers, Texas.  The power, height and location allow KQQK to cover the Golden Triangle of Texas (Beaumont–Port Arthur–Orange) as well as part of the Greater Houston radio market.

MediaCo
MediaCo Holding Inc. (a.k.a. MediaCo; formerly known as Liberman Broadcasting, Inc. from 1987 to October 14, 2019, LBI Media, Inc. from October 15, 2019 until February 2, 2020, and Estrella Media Co from February 3, 2020 to November 10, 2025) is an American media company with offices based in Burbank, California and New York City, owned by private equity firms HPS Investment Partners, LLC and Standard General. MediaCo caters to the African-American and the Spanish-speaking Hispanic communities. The company owns television and radio stations in several of the top multicultural markets, and is the parent company of the Estrella TV network.

Prior to the Estrella Media acquisition, MediaCo Holding Inc. originally formed in Indiana in 2019 on the heels of Emmis Communications selling WBLS and WQHT.
Concord Park, Pennsylvania
Concord Park is a residential neighborhood in the Trevose section of Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, originally established as an intentional racially integrated community in 1954 by Morris Milgram, a pioneering social activist and civil rights trailblazer who believed Black people should have the same access to housing as whites.

Concord Park Homes were "the first planned open occupancy homes for sale by a builder determined to build only integrated housing; 139 three and four-bedroom homes were sold and occupied by 55 percent white families and 45 percent Negro families." Some of the early homeowners included interracial couples, communists, and other nonconformists.

The community's origin and history were featured at Bensalem Township's 325th anniversary in 2017 at Growden Mansion and on the Mayor's Show.

Growden Mansion
Growdon Mansion, also known as Trevose Manor, is a local historical landmark in Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It played an important role in early Bucks County history. The mansion sits along the Neshaminy Creek in Bensalem, a township that borders the northeast section of Philadelphia, in the northeastern United States.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Otwock railway station
Otwock railway station is a railway station in Otwock, Poland.  The station is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run trains from Warszawa Zachodnia to Dęblin, and Szybka Kolej Miejska, whose trains from Pruszków PKP terminate at Otwock. It is classified as C under the categories of Polish rail stations.

Dęblin railway station
Dęblin railway station is a railway station serving Dęblin in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie (who run services from Dęblin to Warszawa Zachodnia and Radom), Przewozy Regionalne and PKP Intercity (TLK services).

During the Holocaust thousands of Jews were deported from Dęblin–Irena Ghetto to the extermination camps via this station.
Impact of the Hindu–German Conspiracy
The Hindu–German Conspiracy failed to engage popular support within India. However, it had a significant impact on Britain's policies within the empire and international relations. The outlines and plans for the nascent ideas of the conspiracy were noted, and tracking by British intelligence began as early as 1911. Alarmed at the agile organization, which repeatedly reformed in different parts of the country despite being subdued in others, the chief of Indian Intelligence Sir Charles Cleveland was forced to warn that the idea and attempts at pan-Indian revolutions were spreading through India "like some hidden fire." A massive, concerted and coordinated effort was required to subdue the movement. Attempts were made in 1914 to prevent the naturalisation of Tarak Nath Das as an American citizen, while successful pressure was applied to have Har Dayal interned. The conspiracy had been detected early by British intelligence, and had been the subject of British pressure from 1914.

Rowlatt Act
The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a law, applied during the British India period. It was a legislative council act hurriedly passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 18 March 1919, despite the united opposition of its Indian members, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, imprisonment without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War. It was enacted in the light of a perceived threat from revolutionary nationalists of re-engaging in similar conspiracies as had occurred during the war which the Government felt the lapse of the Defence of India Act would enable.: 137
Castlegar Apollos
The Castlegar Apollos were a junior 'B' ice hockey team based in Castlegar, British Columbia, Canada. They were members of the Western Division of the West Kootenay Junior Hockey League (WKJHL) from 1967 to 1969 (now known as the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League (KIJHL)).

The Apollos joined the league in 1967 as an expansion team and folded in 1968.

Castlegar, British Columbia
Castlegar is a community in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. In the Selkirk Mountains, at the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers, it is a regional trade and transportation centre, with a local economy based on forestry, mining and tourism.

Castlegar is home to Selkirk College, a regional airport, a pulp mill, and several sawmills. Its population of 8,338 includes many Doukhobors, who were largely responsible for much of the town's early development and growth.

The area which became Castlegar was an important centre for the Sinixt (Lakes) Peoples. Outside the city limits are the small surrounding communities of Ootischenia, Brilliant, Robson, Robson West, Raspberry, Tarrys, Thrums, Glade, Shoreacres, Fairview, Genelle, Pass Creek and Krestova, and the much smaller communities of Deer Park, Renata, and Syringa on Lower Arrow Lake. These outlying areas have a further population of about 8,000 people.