hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Television in Colombia
Television in Colombia or  Colombian television (Spanish: Televisión de Colombia) is a media of Colombia. It is characterized for broadcasting telenovelas, series, game shows and TV news. Until 1998 it was a state monopoly (though there was a short-lived local private channel from 1966 to 1971, known as Teletigre). There are two privately owned TV networks and three state-owned TV networks with national coverage, as well as six regional TV networks and dozens of local TV stations. There are numerous cable TV companies operating in Colombia under each Colombian department statutes. These cable companies also develop their own channels, in addition to a variety of international channels. Television in Colombia has always relied on technological advancements from developed countries importing almost all the equipment.

RCN Televisión
RCN Televisión, branded as Canal RCN (Radio Cadena Nacional) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Organización Ardila Lülle. It was founded as a television production company on March 23, 1967, and officially launched as an independent channel on July 10, 1998. Its main shareholder is Carlos Ardila Lülle. It produced Yo soy Betty, la fea, one of the most successful Colombian telenovelas.
Katsuya Onizuka
Katsuya Onizuka (鬼塚 勝也, Onizuka Katsuya; born Takashi Onizuka; March 12, 1970) is a former WBA Super Flyweight champion from Kitakyushu, Japan. Onizuka was an extremely popular boxer in Japan, creating a boxing boom in Japan during the early 1990s along with Joichiro Tatsuyoshi.

Joichiro Tatsuyoshi
Joichiro Tatsuyoshi (辰吉丈一郎, Tatsuyoshi Jōichirō; born May 15, 1970) is a former World Boxing Council (WBC) world bantamweight champion from Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan. His record is 20–7–1 (14 KOs).

He is popular for his fight style and unique personality, and has appeared in several television variety shows.

He is named after Joe Yabuki, the main character of the boxing anime, Ashita no Joe (Tomorrow's Joe). Coincidentally, he fights in the same weight class (bantamweight) as the character he is named after.

He has a large reach in comparison with his height (Tatsuyoshi is 164 cm tall with a reach of 178 cm) and is known for his distinctively low guard. He often keeps his hands in front of his chest, unlike other boxers who usually keep their hands closer to the head.

He is managed by the Osaka Teiken boxing gym.
Toki (train)
The Toki (とき) is a high-speed Shinkansen train service operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on the Joetsu Shinkansen in Japan.

The name is taken from the Japanese name of the crested ibis, for which Niigata is famous.

Echigo-Yuzawa Station
Echigo-Yuzawa Station (Japanese: 越後湯沢駅, Hepburn: Echigo-Yuzawa-eki) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), located in the resort town of Yuzawa in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The station is located 199.2 kilometres (123.8 mi) from Tokyo.
Michael Pearson (author)
Michael Patrick Pearson (born June 18, 1949) is an American author of hundreds of essays and eight books – a novel, Shohola Falls (2003), and seven works of non-fiction; Imagined Places: Journeys into Literary America (a New York Times Notable Book of 1992), A Place That's Known: Essays (1994), John McPhee (1997), Dreaming of Columbus: A Boyhood in the Bronx (1999), Innocents Abroad Too: Journeys Around the World on Semester at Sea (2008), Reading Life: On Books, Memory and Travel (2015), The Road to Dungannon: Journeys in Literary Ireland (2023). His new nonfiction book -- The Road to Croagh Patrick: One Writer's Literary and Spiritual Pilgrimages -- will come out from McFarland and Company in 2026.

John McPhee
John Angus McPhee (born March 8, 1931) is an American author. He is considered one of the pioneers of creative nonfiction. He is a four-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in the category General Nonfiction, and he won that award on the fourth occasion in 1999 for Annals of the Former World (a collection of five books, including two of his previous Pulitzer finalists). In 2008, he received the George Polk Career Award for his "indelible mark on American journalism during his nearly half-century career". Since 1974, McPhee has been the Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University.
Tanrıverdi, Kızıltepe
Tanrıverdi (Kurdish: Şemoka) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 210 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
2005 Women's South American Volleyball Championship
The 2005 Women's South American Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the Women's South American Volleyball Championship, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was held in La Paz, Bolivia from September 17 to 23, 2005.

Women's South American Volleyball Championship
The Women's South American Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of South America, organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1967 they have been awarded every two years. The competition has been dominated by Brazil and Peru.
Uraria
Uraria is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 24 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, China, Malesia, Papuasia, Australia, and the South Pacific. Typical habitats are seasonally-dry tropical woodland or grassland. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae and the tribe Desmodieae.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Ituglanis
Ituglanis is a genus of small freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Trichomycteridae, the pencil and parasitic catfishes. These catfishes are found in South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin. Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves.

This genus was first erected for nine species previously classified in Trichomycterus. Ituglanis is believed to be a monophyletic group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. Ituglanis is currently considered a member of the subfamily Trichomycterinae though its position as a member of any of the current subfamilies has been questioned. Instead, it has been suggested to be the sister group of a large clade composed of the Glanapteryginae, Sarcoglanidinae, Stegophilinae, Tridentinae and Vandelliinae.

Sarcoglanidinae
The Sarcoglanidinae, the psammmophilic catfishes, are a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to family Trichomycteridae, the pencil catfishes and the parasitic catfishes. These catfishes are found in South America.
Xiphinema americanum
Xiphinema americanum, the American dagger nematode, is a species of plant pathogenic nematodes. It is one of many species that belongs to the genus Xiphinema. It was first described by N. A. Cobb in 1913, who found it on both sides of the United States on the roots of grass, corn, and citrus trees. Not only is Xiphinema americanum known to vector plant viruses, but also X. americanum has been referred to as "the most destructive plant parasitic nematode in America", and one of the four major nematode pests in the Southeastern United States.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Ølstrup
Ølstrup is a village, with a population of 290 (1 January 2025), in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 6 km west of Spjald, 15 km west of Videbæk and 13 km east of Ringkøbing.

Ølstrup Church built around 1180 is located in the village.

Spjald
Spjald is a village (landsby) in Denmark, in the western part of the Jutland Peninsula, Denmark. Spjald with its 1,342 inhabitants (2025) is the sixth largest village in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, the largest municipality in Denmark with 55,582 inhabitants (2025).

Spjald is located on primary route 11 centrally located in the area between Holstebro, Herning, Ringkøbing and Skjern. More precisely, the village is located 28 km south of Holstebro, 21 km north of Skjern and 20 km northeast of Ringkøbing.

The village's inhabitants are called Spjald-borgere (English: Citizens of Spjald). In 2009, Spjald was named "Village of the Year" by the Central Denmark Region
IBM Tivoli Storage Manager
IBM Storage Protect (formerly IBM Spectrum Protect / Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM)) is a data protection platform that gives enterprises a single point of control and administration for backup and recovery. It is the flagship product in the IBM Spectrum Protect (Tivoli Storage Manager) family.

It enables backups and recovery for virtual, physical and cloud environments of all sizes.

This product is part of the IBM Spectrum Software Defined Storage suite of products and is unrelated to the Tivoli Management Framework.

Oracle Database
Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a proprietary multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers on-premises, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation.  It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadata on-premises, on Oracle Cloud or at Cloud at Customer).

Oracle Database uses SQL for database updating and retrieval.
Newton's rings
Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces, typically a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. It is named after Isaac Newton, who investigated the effect in 1666. When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appear as a series of concentric, alternating bright and dark rings centered at the point of contact between the two surfaces. When viewed with white light, it forms a concentric ring pattern of rainbow colors because the different wavelengths of light interfere at different thicknesses of the air layer between the surfaces.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Chartainvilliers
Chartainvilliers (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtɛ̃vilje]) is a commune in the department of Eure-et-Loir and region of Centre-Val de Loire, north central France. It lies 12 km north-north-east of Chartres and some 70 km south-west of Paris.

Chartres
Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for the Chartres Cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows are intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.
Korach (parashah)
Korach or Korah (Hebrew: קֹרַח Qoraḥ—the name "Korah," which in turn means baldness, ice, hail, or frost, the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 38th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Numbers. It tells of Korach's failed attempt to overthrow Moses.

The parashah comprises Numbers 16:1–18:32. It is made up of 5,325 Hebrew letters, 1,409 Hebrew words, 95 verses, and 184 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Korach is generally read in June or July.

The Latin and other Christian translations have a different division of chapters and verses from that later adopted for the Hebrew, where the xvi chapter has fifty verses, until the Hebrew xvii:15, and the xvii chapter, starting from the Hebrew xvii:16, has only thirteen verses.

Gehenna
Gehenna (/ɡɪˈhɛnə/ ghi-HEN-ə; Ancient Greek: Γέεννα, romanized: Géenna) or Gehinnom (Hebrew: גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם, romanized: Gēʾ ḇen-Hīnnōm or גֵי־הִנֹּם, Gē-Hīnnōm, 'Valley of Hinnom') is a Biblical toponym that has acquired various theological connotations, including as a place of divine punishment, in Jewish eschatology.

The place is first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as part of the border between the tribes of Judah and Benjamin (Joshua 15:8). During the late First Temple period, it was the site of the Tophet, where some of the kings of Judah had sacrificed their children by fire (Jeremiah 7:31). Thereafter, it was cursed by the biblical prophet Jeremiah (Jeremiah 19:2–6).

In later rabbinic literature, "Gehinnom" became associated with divine punishment as the destination of the wicked for the atonement of their sins. The term is different from the more neutral term Sheol, the abode of the dead. The King James Version of the Bible translates both with the Anglo-Saxon word hell.
Pseudostomum klostermanni
Pseudostomum klostermanni is a species of flatworms in the family Pseudostomidae. It is a marine species found in the Black and Mediterranean Seas and in the European waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Prolecithophora
The Prolecithophora are an order consisting of an estimated 300 species of small (typically 0.2 – 12 mm, one species up to 50 mm), active, aquatic flatworms. The order lacks a common English name. Most species are shaped like an elongated, stylized droplet, and are opaque white or yellow; they frequently have contrasting bands or spots in colors, such as purple, yellow, red, or brown. They have no to three (normally two) pairs of pigment-cup eyes, and well-developed tactile and chemoreceptor senses. With few exceptions, species are protandric hermaphrodites with internal fertilization. Egg capsules are, according to species, glued to various hard surfaces; the young hatch as miniature copies of their parents.
Aphelolepis
Aphelolepis is an extinct genus of prehistoric ginglymodian bony fish. It contains one species, A. delpi, that lived during the Ladinian age of the Middle Triassic epoch in what is now Franconia, Germany. It is generally considered a semionotiform.

Semionotiformes
Semionotiformes is an order of ray-finned fish known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) to the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Their closest living relatives are gars (Lepisosteidae), with both groups belonging to the clade Ginglymodi within the Holostei. The group includes both freshwater (Semionotidae) and marine (Callipurbeckiidae, Macrosemiidae) adapted forms. Many members of the family Macrosemiidae (which are usually included in Semionotiformes but sometimes placed in their order), had elongated dorsal fins, often associated with an adjacent area of skin which was free of scales. These fins were likely undulated for use in precision swimming. The body morphology of macrosemiids suggests that they were slow swimmers who were capable of maneuvering around complex topography, such as reef environments.
Mt. Sterling Essex
The Mt. Sterling Essex were a minor league baseball team based in Mount Sterling, Kentucky. In 1912 and from 1922 to 1923, Mt. Sterling teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Blue Grass League, hosting home games at the Montgomery County Fairgrounds. The team played as the "Orphans" in 1912.

Mount Sterling, Kentucky
Mount Sterling, often written as Mt. Sterling, is a home rule-class city in Montgomery County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 7,558 as of the 2020 census, up from 6,895 in 2010. It is the county seat of Montgomery County and the principal city of the Mount Sterling micropolitan area.
P'iq'iñ Qullu
P'iq'iñ Qullu (Aymara p'iq'iña head, qullu mountain, "head mountain", also spelled Peken Kkollu) is a mountain in the north of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,875-metre (15,994 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. P'iq'iñ Qullu lies west of the Janq'u Uma-Illampu massif southeast of Sorata.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Rivers State Independent Electoral Commission
The Rivers State Independent Electoral Commission (RSIEC), is a statutory body constituted by the Government of Rivers State, Nigeria, under section 5(a) of the Independent Electoral Commission Law (2000) to oversee the implementation of election procedures. Headquartered in Port Harcourt, the Commission's primary function is "to organize, undertake and supervise all elections to local government councils within the state." It consists of 7 members who are appointed by the Governor of Rivers State with confirmation by the Rivers State House of Assembly.

Rivers State House of Assembly
Rivers State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Rivers State inaugurated in 1979. It is a unicameral body with 32 members elected into 32 state constituencies. The Assembly's primary function is to enact laws for the peace, order, and good governance of Rivers State, as outlined in the Constitution of Nigeria. The current Speaker of the State Assembly is Martins Amaewhule.
Xiangtangshan Caves
36°31′59″N 114°09′33″E﻿ / ﻿36.53295°N 114.15928°E﻿ / 36.53295; 114.15928
The Xiangtangshan Caves (simplified Chinese: 响堂山石窟; traditional Chinese: 響堂山石窟; pinyin: Xiǎngtángshān Shíkū; lit. 'Mountain of the Echoing Halls Caves') is a group of Buddhist cave temples located in the Fengfeng Mining District about 20 km southwest of the City of Handan, in Hebei province, China. The oldest cave temples in the group date to the Northern Qi, one of the Northern dynasties in the sixth century, and were sponsored by the dynasty's court. The caves are located about 20 km to the northwest of the site of Ye, the capital of the Northern Qi and were carved into dense limestone cliffs on mountains that are part of the Taihang Mountains.

Ye (Hebei)
36°16′29″N 114°24′01″E﻿ / ﻿36.2748°N 114.4002°E﻿ / 36.2748; 114.4002

Ye or Yecheng (simplified Chinese: 邺城; traditional Chinese: 鄴城; pinyin: Yèchéng; Wade–Giles: Yeh4-ch'eng2) was an ancient Chinese city located in what is now Linzhang County, Handan, Hebei province and neighbouring Anyang, Henan province.

Ye was first built in the Spring and Autumn period by Duke Huan of Qi, and by the time of the Warring States period the city belonged to the state of Wei. During the Han dynasty, Ye was the seat of Wei Commandery and an important regional center. Following the collapse of Han rule, Ye served as the military headquarters of the warlords Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. Under the latter's rule, Ye transformed into a political and economic hub of northeastern China during the Three Kingdoms period, and during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern dynasties, the city served as the capital for the Later Zhao, Ran Wei, Former Yan, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties.
Terry Garvin
Terrence P. Joyal (March 1, 1937 – August 18, 1998), better known by his ring name Terry Garvin, was a Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his work with kayfabe brother Ron Garvin, with whom he won several tag team championships in the Southern United States. He is also known for his role in the ring boy scandal, a case of sexual harassment in 1992 that led to the end of his employment with the World Wrestling Federation.

NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship
The NWA Tri-State Tag Team Championship was a tag team title created in 1962, and contested in the National Wrestling Alliance's Tri-State territory, which was promoted by Leroy McGuirk (Arkansas and Oklahoma) and Jack Curtis and Aurelian "Grizzly" Smith (Louisiana). For most of its existence, the title was the Tri-State version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship.

This group of promoters existed until Bill Watts' Mid-South Wrestling bought out the majority of the Tri-State territory, and also Gil Culkin and George Gulkin's Mississippi territory, in August 1979. After Watts took over, McGuirk took the title to Oklahoma, the only part of the Tri-State territory not owned by Watts. The U.S. Tag Team Championship's name was then changed to the Tri-State Tag Title in 1980.

The title lasted until Tri-State closed in 1982, when Mid-South Wrestling took over Oklahoma from McGuirk.