hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colmberg
Colmberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkɔlmbɛʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany. Colmberg is the site of Colmberg Castle (German: Burg Colmberg), built in the 13th century and purchased in 1318 by Duke Frederick IV of Nuremberg. The town is located in Nature Park Frankenhöhe.

Ansbach (district)
Ansbach (German pronunciation: [ˈansbax]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It surrounds – but does not include – the town of Ansbach; nonetheless the administrative seat of the district is located in Ansbach. It is the district with the largest area in Bavaria. At the end of December 2022, the district population was 188,623.
Art Institute of Las Vegas
The Art Institute of Las Vegas was a for-profit college in Henderson, Nevada. It was founded in 1983 as The Interior Design Institute and was later known as The Design Institute. It was renamed The Art Institute of Las Vegas in 2001 when it was purchased by Education Management Corporation, which was headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Ai-Las Vegas was part of a system of Art Institutes schools. It was one of the colleges acquired from EDMC by Dream Center Education Holdings (DCEH), LLC, in 2017. It closed in December 2019.

Education Management Corporation
Education Management Corporation (EDMC) was a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based operator of for-profit post-secondary educational institutions in the United States and Canada. The company was founded in 1962. At its peak in 2011, Education Management Corporation operated 110 schools through its higher education divisions:  Argosy University, The Art Institutes, Brown Mackie College, and South University, and enrolled 158,300 students.

Facing declining enrollment, legal issues, and accreditation problems, EDMC closed or sold many of its schools between 2013 and 2017. By 2014, the company's stock had lost 99.9% of its value, and EDMC received a defaulted bond rating (to junk bond status). Moody's credit rating service in January 2015 dropped EDMC to its lowest rating, D-PD.

In June 2018, EMDC filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and began to liquidate its assets.
Thetford Hill State Park
Thetford Hill State Park is a state park in Thetford, Vermont. It is a day-use park within the southern tract of Thetford Hill State Forest. The park includes paths for hiking and the 5-km Woods Hill Trail, a world-class cross-country running and skiing trail.  Activities includes hiking, cross-country running and cross-country skiing.  The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 for its historic facilities, some of which were developed by the Civilian Conservation Corps.  It is currently under the care of Thetford Academy.

Thetford, Vermont
Thetford is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States in the Connecticut River Valley. The population was 2,775 at the 2020 census. Villages within the town include East Thetford, North Thetford, Thetford Hill, Thetford Center, Rices Mills, Union Village, and Post Mills. The town office is in Thetford Center.

Thetford is home to Thetford Academy, Vermont's oldest secondary school. Girl Scouts of the Green and White Mountains, formerly Swift Water Girl Scout Council, also has a summer residential camp here called Camp Farnsworth. Camp Farnsworth originally started under private ownership by Chelebe and Madama Farnsworth in 1909 when it was called Camp Hanoum.
Cucudeta
Cucudeta is a genus of Papuan jumping spiders that was first described by Wayne Paul Maddison in 2009. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Papua New Guinea: C. gahavisuka, C. uzet, and C. zabkai.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Alfie Agnew
Alfonso F. "Alfie" Agnew (born January 24, 1969) is an American mathematician, singer, musician and songwriter. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Agnew is best known for being a member of the punk bands the Adolescents and D.I. as well as the group Professor and the Madman. Alfie's brothers Rikk Agnew and Frank Agnew are also former Adolescents guitarists.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Pacogate
Pacogate is corruption scandal involving Carabineros de Chile, Chile's main police force. The scandal revolves around a scheme for misappropriation of public funds. Pacogate begun to be investigated in 2016 while the actions investigated occurred between 2006 and 2017.

Carabineros de Chile
The Carabineros de Chile (lit. 'Carabiniers of Chile') are the Chilean national gendarmerie, who have jurisdiction over the entire national territory of the Republic of Chile. Created in 1927, their mission is to maintain order and enforce the laws of Chile. They reported to the Ministry of National Defense through the Undersecretary of Carabineros until 2011 when the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security gained full control over them. They are in practice separated fully from the three other military branches by department but still are considered part of the armed forces. Chile also has an investigative police force, the Investigations Police of Chile, also under the Interior and Public Security Ministry; a Maritime Police also exists for patrol of Chile's coastline.
Buddlejaceae
Buddlejaceae is a family of flowering plants that is not currently recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, but as of 2016 it is being used by many botanists as one of several small families that divide the Lamiales. Phylogenetic reconstruction has shown that divisions within the Lamiales are unsatisfactory, and a major revision is anticipated that will greatly alter the circumscriptions of the larger families and will temporarily bring widespread ambiguity (as previously happened with the order Asparagales). At present, there is no widely accepted phylogenetic classification of the Lamiales, and for the sake of clarity, some smaller families are widely used, including Buddlejaceae. The genera included in Buddlejaceae are assigned to Scrophulariaceae when Buddlejaceae is not recognized.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Rajendra Prasad Pandey
Rajendra Prasad Pandey is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (Unified Socialist) currently serving as the Chief minister of Bagmati Province. He's also the deputy chairman of the CPN (Unified Socialist).

He became chief minister of the province with support of Nepali Congress, the ruling party of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese provincial election he was elected from the Dhading 1(A).

Chief Minister of Bagmati Province
The chief minister of the Bagmati Province is the head of government of Bagmati Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the province according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister remains in office for five years or until the provincial assembly is dissolved, and is subject to no term limits, given that they have the confidence of the assembly.

The current chief minister is Indra Bahadur Baniya of the Nepali Congress, in office since 5 August 2025.
Number Theory Foundation
The Number Theory Foundation (NTF) is a non-profit organization based in the United States which supports research and conferences in the field of number theory, with a particular focus on computational aspects and explicit methods.

The NTF funds the Selfridge prize awarded at each Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium  (ANTS) and is a regular supporter of several conferences and organizations in number theory, including the Canadian Number Theory Association (CNTA), Women in Numbers (WIN), and the West Coast Number Theory (WCNT) conference.

Ribenboim Prize
The Ribenboim Prize, named in honour of Paulo Ribenboim, is awarded by the Canadian Number Theory Association for distinguished research in number theory by a mathematician who is Canadian or has close connections to Canadian mathematics.  Normally, the winner will have received their Ph.D. in the last 12 years. The winner is expected to give a plenary talk at the award ceremony.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020, 2022, and 2024 Ribenboim Prizes were all awarded in 2024.
Mianshin District
Miyanishin District (Pashto: ميه نشين ولسوالۍ, romanized: miya nishin wuləswāləi) is a new district of Kandahar District, Afghanistan, created in 2005. It was formerly in the northern part of Shah Wali Kot District. The population is 16,713 (2019).

Shah Wali Kot District
32°06′N 66°00′E﻿ / ﻿32.1°N 66.0°E﻿ / 32.1; 66.0

Shah Wali Kot District (Pashto: شاه ولي کوټ ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی شاه ولی کوت) is situated in the northern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Khakrez District to the west, Naish District and Oruzgan Province to the north, Zabul Province to the east and Daman and Arghandab districts to the south. The population is 38,400 (2006). The district center is located in the most southern part of the district. The district has been known as a stronghold of the Taliban forces.
1992–93 Albanian Cup
1992–93 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the forty-first season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 1992 with the First Round and ended in May 1993 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1993-94 first round of the UEFA Cup. Elbasani were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Partizani.

The first round was played in a single round-robin matches within 8 qualifying groups. The other rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

1991–92 Albanian Cup
1991–92 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fortieth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 1991 with the First Round and ended in May 1992 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1992-93 first round of the UEFA Cup. Partizani were the defending champions, having won their twelfth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Elbasani.

The first round was played in a single round-robin matches within 8 qualifying groups. The other rounds were played in a one-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.
Banjo Bowl
The Banjo Bowl is the annual rematch game between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) after the Labour Day Classic. While the traditional Labour Day Classic game is always played on the Sunday before Labour Day at Mosaic Stadium in Regina, Saskatchewan (previously held at Taylor Field), there is usually a rematch on the following weekend between these two rival prairie teams at Princess Auto Stadium (previously held at Canad Inns Stadium) in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Winnipeg Stadium
Winnipeg Stadium (also known as Canad Inns Stadium) was a multipurpose stadium in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

The stadium was located at the corner of St. James Street and Maroons Road, immediately north of the Polo Park Shopping Centre and the now-defunct Winnipeg Arena. Although built for the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg Blue Bombers, the stadium also accommodated baseball and soccer, and was used by various iterations of the Winnipeg Goldeyes and Winnipeg Whips. The stadium was demolished after the Blue Bombers moved to the stadium known then as Investors Group Field in 2013.
Collider
A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Compared to other particle accelerators in which the moving particles collide with a stationary matter target, colliders can achieve higher collision energies.  Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.

Colliders are used as a research tool in particle physics by accelerating particles to very high kinetic energy and letting them impact other particles. Analysis of the byproducts of these collisions gives scientists good evidence of the structure of the subatomic world and the laws of nature governing it. These may become apparent only at high energies and for extremely short periods of time, and therefore may be hard or impossible to study in other ways.

Positron
The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energies, it results in the production of two or more photons.

Positrons can be created by positron emission radioactive decay (through weak interactions), or by pair production from a sufficiently energetic photon which is interacting with an atom in a material.
Revolt of Lyon against the National Convention
The revolt of Lyon against the National Convention was a counter-revolutionary movement in the city of Lyon during the time of the French Revolution. It was a revolt of moderates against the more radical National Convention, the third government during the French Revolution. It broke out in June 1793 and was put down in October of the same year, after government forces had besieged the city.

Army of the Alps
The Army of the Alps (Armée des Alpes) was one of the French Revolutionary armies.  It existed from 1792–1797 and from July to August 1799, and the name was also used on and off until 1939 for France's army on its border with Italy.
Albinovana gens
The gens Albinovana was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are known to have held any of the higher offices of the Roman state, and hardly any are mentioned in history.  The family is perhaps best known from Publius Albinovanus, an infamous participant in the civil war between Marius and Sulla, and from the first-century poet Albinovanus Pedo.  A number of Albinovani are known from inscriptions.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Rhododendrol
Rhododendrol (RD) also called 4-[(3R)-3-hydroxybutyl]phenol (systemic name), is an organic compound with the formula C10H14O2. It is a naturally occurring ingredient present in many plants, such as the Rhododendron. The phenolic compound was first developed in 2010 as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin-lightening cosmetics. In 2013, after rhododendrol reportedly caused skin depigmentation in consumers using RD-containing skin-brightening cosmetics, the cosmetics were withdrawn from the market. The skin condition, caused by RD, is called RD-induced leukoderma. Rhododendrol exerts melanocyte cytotoxicity via a tyrosinase-dependent mechanism. It has been shown to impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. It is now well established that rhododendrol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor.

Catechol
Catechol (/ˈkætɪtʃɒl/ or /ˈkætɪkɒl/), also known as pyrocatechol or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4(OH)2. It is the ortho isomer of the three isomeric benzenediols. This colorless compound occurs naturally in trace amounts. It was first discovered by destructive distillation of the plant extract catechin. About 20,000 tonnes of catechol are now synthetically produced annually as a commodity organic chemical, mainly as a precursor to pesticides, flavors, and fragrances. Small amounts of catechol occur in fruits and vegetables.
United States ship naming conventions
United States ship naming conventions for the U.S. Navy were established by congressional action at least as early as 1862. Title 13, section 1531, of the U.S. Code, enacted in that year, reads, in part,

The vessels of the Navy shall be named by the Secretary of the Navy under direction of the President according to the following rule:
Sailing-vessels of the first class shall be named after the States of the Union, those of the second class after the rivers, those of the third class after the principal cities and towns and those of the fourth class as the President may direct.

Further clarification was made by executive order of President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907. However, elements had existed since before his time. If a ship is reclassified, for example a destroyer is converted to a mine layer, it retains its original name.

Fleet admiral (United States)
Fleet admiral (abbreviated FADM) is a five-star flag officer rank in the United States Navy whose rewards uniquely include active duty pay for life. Fleet admiral ranks immediately above admiral and is equivalent to General of the Army and General of the Air Force. It is the same as the discontinued Admiral of the Navy.

Although it is a current and authorized rank, no U.S. Navy officer holds it presently. Only four officers have ever held the rank, all in the World War II era: William D. Leahy, Ernest J. King, Chester W. Nimitz, and William Halsey Jr. Leahy, King, and Nimitz were promoted to the rank in December 1944, followed by Halsey in December 1945. While all four men effectively retired in the late 1940s, the rank of fleet admiral is for life. The last living fleet admiral was Nimitz, who died in 1966.
Camille Charles Leclerc, Chevalier de Fresne
Camille Charles Le Clerc de Fresne, known as Chevalier de Fresne (26 February 1741 in Lyon–1797) was Governor General of Mauritius (1785) and Puducherry from 1789 to 1792 in the French Colonial Empire.

He married a widow, Emilie-Thomase de Solminihac (1770–1846), in Puducherry, on 20 June 1788. One significant event occurred in his tenure was Mr. Pierre Sonnerat, Chief of Yanam, was involved in the business along with other traders. Pierre Sonnerat's commercial involvement brought serious consequences to his administrative post (Chief of Yanam). The petitions were made against Pierre Sonnerat in this connection, to Chevalier de Fresne, the then French Governor General in Puducherry. On 5 June 1790 a French man "De Mars" complained against Pierre Sonnerat for the first time.

Pierre Sonnerat
Pierre Sonnerat (18 August 1748 – 31 March 1814) was a French naturalist, colonial administrator, writer and explorer. He described numerous species of plants and animals on his travels and is honoured in the genus Sonneratia and in other specific names such as that of the grey junglefowl, Gallus sonneratii. The standard author abbreviation Sonn. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Partisan regiment
Soviet partisan regiment (Belarusian: партызанскі полк; 1941–1944), was the organisational form of the Soviet partisan units. On the BSSR territory it was used rarely.

The numerical and weapons complement and the chain of command of the partisan regiment were basically the same as of the partisan brigade, with the regiment structure comprising battalions, companies, platoons and sections. The regiment maintained staff, 1 or 2 diversionist platoons, logistics units. The artillery and heavy machine guns could be united in the heavy weapons company or distributed to the companies as the fourth fire platoons. Some of the regiments maintained hospitals, airstrips or airdrop zones.

On the BSSR territory partisan regiments were used rarely (14 regiments, of them 11 in the structures of the military-operational groups and 3 separately).

After the joining with the Red Army, the Belarusian Headquarters of the Partisan Movement re-classified its partisan regiments as brigades.

Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement
The Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement (Russian: Центральный штаб партизанского движения (ЦШПД), romanized: Tsentral'nyj shtab partizanskovo dvizheniya (TsShPD)) was the central organ of military control of the Soviet partisans, resistance movements who fought against German occupation in World War II. Located at the Headquarters of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, the GKO created it in May 1942 in order to unite the leadership of the Soviet partisan forces behind enemy lines. The State Defense Committee disbanded it in January 1944 due to most partisan detachments operating in Ukraine and Belarus, which already had their own headquarters for the partisan movement.
Nicole Hosp
Nicole Hosp (German pronunciation: [niːkɔl hɔsp]; born 6 November 1983) is an Austrian former World Cup alpine ski racer. She competed in all five disciplines and was a world champion, three-time Olympic medalist, and an overall World Cup champion.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.