hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur content. Since 2006, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in Europe and North America has been of a ULSD type.

The move to lower sulfur content allows for the application of advanced emissions control technologies that substantially lower the harmful emissions from diesel combustion. Testing by engine manufacturers and regulatory bodies have found the use of emissions control devices in conjunction with ULSD can reduce the exhaust output of ozone precursors and particulate matter to near-zero levels.

In 1993 the European Union began mandating the reduction of diesel sulfur content and implementing modern ULSD specifications in 1999. The United States started phasing in ULSD requirements for highway vehicles in 2006, with implementation for off-highway applications, such as locomotive and marine fuel, beginning in 2007.

European emission standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact.

Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles.: 5
Innovation and business in upstate New York
Upstate New York has been the setting for inventions and businesses of international significance.  The abundance of water power and the advent of canal and rail transportation provided nineteenth century upstate New York entrepreneurs with the means to power factories and send their products to market.  In the twentieth century, hydroelectric power and the New York State Thruway served the same roles. In April 2021, GlobalFoundries, a company specializing in the semiconductor industry, moved its headquarters from Silicon Valley, California to its most advanced semiconductor-chip manufacturing facility in Saratoga County, New York near a section of the Adirondack Northway, in Malta, New York.

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
Norman Dagley
Norman Dagley (1930 – 15 January 1999) was an English billiards player. He won both the world amateur and world professional titles twice. Dagley was also English amateur champion a record fifteen times.

Robby Foldvari
Robby Foldvari (born 2 June 1960) is an Australian player of snooker, English billiards, and pool.  He is a multi-year World Billiards Champion (1986, 1997, 1998), and a national-level champion in both snooker (2006, 2008) and nine-ball pool (2012), as well as a World Games competitor (2013).  Outside of competition, he is a coach and television commentator. Foldvari won the Australian Open 8 Ball Pool Championship (2015) (Oceania Pocket Billiard Federation), completing the royal flush of national titles in every cuesports discipline. In June 2016 he won the Australian Open 10 ball Pool Championship
Isla Grosa
Isla Grosa is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the municipality of San Javier in the Region of Murcia, at a distance of 2.5 km from the northern part of La Manga del Mar Menor. It has an area of 17.5 hectares and is over 90 m high.

To the east of the island there is an islet, also of volcanic origin, called El Farallón.

Withania frutescens
Withania frutescens is a plant species belonging to the family Solanaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean region, including southern Iberia (in Portugal and south and southeastern Spain), the Balearic Islands, Northwest Africa (including Morocco and western Algeria) and the Canary Islands.
2007 Senior Bowl
The 2007 Senior Bowl was a college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2006 college football season and prospects in the 2007 NFL draft. The 58th edition of the Senior Bowl was played on January 27, 2007, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. Clothing company Under Armour sponsored the event for the first year, and provided apparel for the game. Coverage of the event was in high-definition on the NFL Network. The North team won, 27–0.

Ladd–Peebles Stadium
Ladd–Peebles Stadium (formerly Ernest F. Ladd Memorial Stadium) is a football stadium located in Mobile, Alabama. Opened in 1948, it has a seating capacity of 33,471. It is primarily used for American football. In addition to football, the stadium is also used for concerts (maximum capacity 50,000), boxing matches, high school graduations, trade shows, and festivals. Numerous entertainers have performed at Ladd–Peebles Stadium. It is currently the home of Two HBCU Football Classics. The Gulf Coast Challenge between the Jackson State Tigers and Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Port City Classic between the Alabama State Hornets and Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils.
Quercus palustris
Quercus palustris, also called pin oak, swamp oak, or swamp Spanish oak, is a tree in the red oak section (Quercus sect. Lobatae) of the genus Quercus. Pin oak is one of the most commonly used landscaping oaks in its native range due to its ease of transplant, relatively fast growth, and pollution tolerance.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Phi Piscium
Phi Piscium, Latinized from φ Piscium, is a quadruple star system approximately 380 light years away in the constellation Pisces. It consists of Phi Piscium A, with a spectral type of K0III, and Phi Piscium B. Phi Piscium A possesses a surface temperature of 3,500 to 5,000 kelvins. Some suggest the only visible companion in the Phi Piscium B sub-system is a late F dwarf star, while others suggest it is a K0 star. The invisible component of the Phi Piscium B sub-system is proposed to have a spectral type of M2V. The star system has a period of about 20½ years and has a notably high eccentricity of 0.815.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
Nippon Light Metal
Nippon Light Metal Holdings Company, Ltd. (日本軽金属ホールディングス株式会社, Nihon Keikinzoku Hōrudingusu Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanese multinational public industrial holding company that through its subsidiaries is mainly engaged in the manufacture and sale of aluminum and chemical products. It is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225.

In 1939 Nippon Light Metal Co. was incorporated jointly by Furukawa Electric and Tokyo Dento (one of the predecessors of the Tokyo Electric Power Company) to start the aluminum smelting and in 2012 Nippon Light Metal Holdings Co., a pure holding company for the former, was established.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Air Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan Air Company, operating as Air Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz: Эйр Кыргызстан Авиакомпаниясы, Eýr Kyrgyzstan Aviakompaniýasy; Russian: Авиакомпания «Эйр Кыргызстан», Aviakompaniya «Air Kyrgyzstan»), was the flag carrier of Kyrgyzstan, based in Bishkek. It operated scheduled domestic and international services to 13 destinations, as well as charter services. Its main hub was Manas International Airport in Bishkek, with a hub at Osh Airport in Osh.

The owner of 100% of the shares was the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, represented by the Fund for State Property Management under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic. During its operations, the airline was on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union, along with all airlines based in Kyrgyzstan.

This airline is currently inactive with 0 flights since 2019.

Manas International Airport
Manas International Airport (Kyrgyz: Манас эл аралык аэропорту, romanized: Manas El Aralyk Aeroportu; Russian: Международный аэропорт «Манас», romanized: Mezhdunarodnyy aeroport "Manas") (IATA: BSZ, ICAO: UCFM) is the main international airport in Kyrgyzstan, located 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-northwest of the capital, Bishkek.
Daily Messenger
The Daily Messenger is an American daily newspaper published weekday afternoons and on Sundays (as the Sunday Messenger) in Canandaigua, New York. It is owned by USA Today Co.

In addition to the city of Canandaigua, the Daily Messenger covers all of Ontario County, and its associated weekly newspapers cover Monroe and Wayne counties. Together, the Messenger Post Newspapers cover the eastern portion of the Rochester metropolitan area.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
MSC Monterey
MSC Monterey is a container ship built in 2008 by the Daewoo Mangalia Heavy Industries in Mangalia, Romania and currently operated by Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. She is the fifth ship delivered to the Swiss company in a series of 12 ordered.
The 54,549 DWT ship has a container capacity of 4,860 TEU's.

In December 2013, MSC Monterey, travelling from Antwerp, Belgium to Boston, Massachusetts, United States, was reported in danger 140 km south of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, a metre-long crack having been discovered in its hull, about eight metres above the waterline. Four passengers were evacuated by helicopter in Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland and temporary repairs were effected in the more sheltered waters of St. Mary's Bay.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Privateer 2: The Darkening
Privateer 2: The Darkening is a space flight simulation game that was released in 1996 for MS-DOS and published by Electronic Arts under the Origin Systems brand. It is a sequel to Wing Commander: Privateer.

The game features live-action video scenes, scripted by Diane Duane and directed by Steve Hilliker, which are discovered as the plot progresses. The cast included Clive Owen, Mathilda May, John Hurt, Christopher Walken, Brian Blessed and Amanda Pays. Dani Behr voiced the onboard computer, also named Dani. The game also featured David Warner, and Jürgen Prochnow, who later played Admiral Geoffrey Tolwyn and Commander Paul Gerald, respectively, in the Wing Commander feature film. The filming took place at Pinewood Studios in England.

After the game's release, some members of the development team at EA Manchester went on to found Warthog Games, developer of the space simulator Starlancer. GOG.com released an emulated version of Privateer 2 for Microsoft Windows in 2013.

Origin Systems
Origin Systems, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas. It was founded on March 3, 1983, by Richard Garriott and his brother Robert. Origin is best known for their groundbreaking work in multiple genres of video games, such as the Ultima and Wing Commander series. The company was purchased by Electronic Arts in 1992.
Simon Urban
Simon Urban (born in 1975) is a German novelist.

Simon Urban was born in Hagen in 1975. He studied at the Leipzig University's German Institute for Literature, worked in advertising and published short stories before he debuted as a novelist. His first novel was Plan D (2011), a political and ironic thriller set in an alternative present where East Germany never fell. His second novel Gondwana (2014) is a satirical murder mystery set on a Pacific island where people from different religions try to co-exist in an experiment where they adopt every prohibition from each other's religions. Wie alles begann und wer dabei umkam (2021) is a picaresque novel about death penalty and legal paradoxes. In 2023 he published the social novel Zwischen Welten which he co-wrote with Juli Zeh. It consists of e-mails and phone messages between a woman who runs a farm and a man who works at a newspaper; they disagree about many matters but both adore the writer Martin Walser.

Juli Zeh
Juli Zeh (pronounced [ˈjuː.li ˈt͡seː] ⓘ, Julia Barbara Finck, née Zeh; born 30 June 1974) is a German writer and judge. She is known for novels such as The Method (2009), Unterleuten (2016) and About People (2021).
Khairpur Division
Khairpur Division was an administrative division in the West wing of Pakistan which existed from 1955 to 1975. It was established in 1955 after the merge of the Khairpur State into Pakistan. In 1970, after the dissolution of one unit scheme, it became a part of the Sind province. In 1971 it was renamed the Sukkur Division.

Khairpur District
Khairpur District (Sindhi: خيرپور ضلعو‎, Urdu: ضلع خیرپور) is a district in the Pakistani province of Sindh in Sukkur Division.

At the 2017 census, it was the fifth most populated district in the province after four districts of Karachi city, with 2.4 million inhabitants. The headquarters of the district is the city of Khairpur. The district is further divided into eight sub-districts: Khairpur Tehsil, Mirwah Tehsil, Kot Diji Tehsil, Kingri Tehsil,  Sobho Dero Tehsil, Gambat Tehsil, Faiz Ganj Tehsil and Nara Tehsil.
2008 Rugby League World Cup squads
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup featured the national teams (selected from twenty-four-man squads) of ten nations: Australia, England, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, France, Scotland, Ireland, Samoa, and Tonga.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
1936–1938 Central European International Cup
The 1936–38 Central European International Cup was the fourth edition of the Central European International Cup played between 1936 and 1938. It was played in a round robin tournament between five teams involved in the tournament. This edition of the tournament was interrupted due to the annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.

Central European International Cup
The European International Cup of Nations was an international football competition held by certain national teams from Central Europe & South Europe between 1927 and 1960. There were competitions for professional and amateur teams. Participating nations were: Italy, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, Romania, and (in the final competition) Yugoslavia. Poland and Romania only competed in the amateur competition.

Played as a league on a home and away basis, it was contested six times and each single tournament usually took more than two years to complete. The last two tournaments lasted five years. It was discontinued in 1960, when the European Football Championship started. Winners of the competition included the Austrian Wunderteam of the early 1930s, the Italy team that also won two World Cups in the 1930s, the Golden Team of Hungary and the Czechoslovakia team that later finished as World Cup runners up in 1962.
English whisky GI
The English whisky GI is a proposed legal framework that was submitted by the English Whisky Guild that if accepted, whisky producers would have to follow in order to call their whisky English.

The English whisky GI has been the topic of an ongoing heated debate specifically around the use of the term single malt.

Scotch Whisky Association
The Scotch Whisky Association (SWA) is a trade organisation that represents the Scotch whisky industry based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Scotch whisky industry is an important part of the Scottish economy, and particularly the Scottish export market.
Lai Haraoba in Tripura
Lai Haraoba (Meitei: ꯂꯥꯏ ꯍꯔꯥꯎꯕ, Bengali: লাই হরাওবা) is a traditional ritual Meitei festival observed by the Meitei people in Tripura, as well as in other regions of Northeast India. The name translates to "merrymaking of the gods" and the festival is primarily dedicated to the Umang Lai, or forest deities of Sanamahism, the traditional Meitei ethnic religion. It involves a series of ritualistic ceremonies, dances, music, and folk narratives that depict the creation of the universe according to Meitei cosmology. Lai Haraoba, being a Meitei intangible cultural heritage, serves both religious and cultural functions, preserving indigenous belief systems and performing arts. According to Biplab Kumar Deb, a Chief Minister of the Government of Tripura, the Lai Haraoba festival plays a role in strengthening the relationship between the Indian states of Manipur (since the time of erstwhile Kingdom of Manipur) and Tripura (since the time of erstwhile Kingdom of Tripura).

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
Blomidon Formation
The Blomidon Formation is a unit of Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) sedimentary rocks, which outcrops in Nova Scotia. At outcrop they reach a maximum thickness of 365 metres (1,198 ft), but up to 1,168 metres (3,832 ft) has been proven from well data and a thickness of up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) has been inferred from seismic reflection data. It overlies the mainly Carnian Wolfville Formation and underlies the North Mountain Basalt. The type section is exposed between Cape Blomidon (45°17′43″N 64°19′55″W﻿ / ﻿45.29528°N 64.33194°W﻿ / 45.29528; -64.33194) and Paddy Island (45°11′51″N 64°21′34″W﻿ / ﻿45.197372°N 64.359411°W﻿ / 45.197372; -64.359411).

North Mountain (Nova Scotia)
North Mountain (French: Montagne du Nord; Gaelic: Beinn a Tuath) is a narrow southwest-northeast trending volcanic ridge on the mainland portion of southwestern Nova Scotia, stretching from Brier Island to Cape Split. It forms the northern edge of the Annapolis Valley along the shore of the Bay of Fundy. Together with South Mountain, the two ranges form the Annapolis Highlands region.

North Mountain rises dramatically from the valley floor and tapers somewhat more gradually to the north and west where it meets the coast, although many parts of this coast have vertical cliffs rising higher than 30 metres, most notably at Cape Split. A break occurs at Digby Gut where a gap in the mountain ridge is filled by a deep tidal channel separating the eastern end of the mountain from Digby Neck.

The highest point on the ridge is at Mount Rose in Annapolis County, north of Lawrencetown.
Mamilia gens
The gens Mamilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome during the period of the Republic. The gens was originally one of the most distinguished families of Tusculum, and indeed in the whole of Latium. It is first mentioned in the time of the Tarquins; and it was to a member of this family, Octavius Mamilius, that Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last king of Rome, betrothed his daughter.  The gens obtained Roman citizenship in the 5th century BC, and some of its members must subsequently have settled at Rome, where Lucius Mamilius Vitulus became the first of the family to hold the consulship in 265 BC, the year before the First Punic War.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.