hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autotomy
Autotomy ('self-amputation', from the Greek auto-, "self-" and tome, "severing") is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape. Some animals are able to regenerate the lost body part later. Autotomy is thought to have evolved independently at least nine times. The term was coined in 1883 by Leon Fredericq.

Appendage
An appendage (or outgrowth) is an external body part or natural prolongation that protrudes from an organism's body such as an arm or a leg. Hair, scales, and feathers are cutaneous appendages.

Protrusions from single-celled bacteria and archaea are known as cell-surface appendages or surface appendages. In many kinds of eukaryotic cells, the protrusions are known as membrane protrusions or cell appendages (examples include microvilli and cilia).
Ragnarok and Roll
Ragnarok and Roll is a role-playing game adventure published by TSR in 1988 for the Marvel Super Heroes role-playing game. The adventure was the second in a trilogy of high-level adventures titled the "Elders of the Universe" series.

Uatu
Uatu (/ˈwɑːtuː/), often simply known as the Watcher, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The Fantastic Four #13 (April 1963). He is a member of the Watchers, an extraterrestrial species who in the distant past stationed themselves across space to monitor the activities of other species. Uatu is the Watcher assigned to observe Earth and its Solar System.

The character has been adapted into other media, such as video games, toys, and television. Jeffrey Wright voiced Uatu in the Marvel Cinematic Universe animated series What If...? (2021–2024) on Disney+.
William Bridges (priest)
William Bridges (1579–1626) was an English Anglican priest in the 17th century.

Rye was born in Middlesex and educated at New College, Oxford. He was appointed Archdeacon of Oxford in 1614 and held the position until his death.

Archdeacon of Oxford
The Archdeacon of Oxford is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Oxford, England. The office responsibility includes the care of clergy and church buildings within the area of the Archdeaconry of Oxford.
British Rail Class D1/1
British Rail Class D1/1 (formerly DY1) was a class of shunting locomotives commissioned by British Rail in England. It was a diesel locomotive in the pre-TOPS period built by the Hunslet Engine Company with a 153 horsepower (114 kW) Gardner 6L3 engine.

Hunslet Engine Company
The Hunslet Engine Company is a locomotive building company, founded in 1864 in Hunslet, England. It manufactured steam locomotives for over 100 years and currently manufactures diesel shunting locomotives. The company owns a substantial fleet of Industrial and depot shunting locomotives which are available for hire. The company is part of Ed Murray & Sons Ltd.
2012 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 2012 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship was the 26th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. 16 teams featured in the competition, which was held in Latvia and Lithuania, from 19 to 29 July 2012. Turkey won the title for the third time.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.
Terry Smith (American football, born 1969)
Terry M. Smith (born July 29, 1969) is an American college football coach and former player who is the associate head coach at Pennsylvania State University. Smith served as an associate head coach and cornerbacks coach at Penn State from 2021 until 2025, when he was named the interim head coach following the firing of James Franklin. He played at Penn State as a wide receiver from 1987 to 1991.

Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League
The Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (WPIAL, pronounced /ˈwɪpiəl/) is an interscholastic athletic association in Western Pennsylvania.  It is District 7 of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association.
Arivattaya Nayanar
Arivattaya Nayanar or  Thayanar  (Tamil: அரிவட்டாய  நாயனார்) was the 12th Nayanar, a group of 63 Shaivite saints, venerated as great devotees of the Hindu god Shiva. Nayanars lived before or during the lifetime of Sundaramurthy Nayanar (8th Century).

Nayanars
The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; Tamil: நாயன்மார், romanized: Nāyaṉmār, lit. 'teachers') were a group of 63 Tamil saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE. Along with the Alvars, their contemporaries, they influenced the Bhakti movement in early medieval South India. The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents.

The Nalvar (lit. 'The Four') are the three foremost Nayanars Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar along with Manikkavacakar.
Development of the human digestive system
The development of the human digestive system in early embryonic development concerns the epithelium of the digestive system and the parenchyma of its derivatives, which originate from the endoderm. Connective tissue, muscular components, and peritoneal components originate in the mesoderm. Different regions of the gut tube such as the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, etc. are specified by a retinoic acid  gradient that causes transcription factors unique to each region to be expressed. Differentiation of the gut and its derivatives depends upon reciprocal interactions between the gut endoderm and its surrounding mesoderm. Hox genes in the mesoderm are induced by a Hedgehog signaling pathway secreted by gut endoderm and regulate the craniocaudal organization of the gut and its derivatives. The gut system extends from the oropharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane and is divided into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.

Cloacal membrane
The cloacal membrane is the membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

It is formed by ectoderm and endoderm coming into contact with each other. As the human embryo grows and caudal folding continues, the urorectal septum divides the cloaca into a ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal. Before the urorectal septum has an opportunity to fuse with the cloacal membrane, the membrane ruptures, exposing the urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal to the exterior. Later on, an ectodermal plug, the anal membrane, forms to create the lower third of the rectum. It ruptures in the seventh week of gestation.
Event correlation
Event correlation is a technique for making sense of a large number of events and pinpointing the few events that are really important in that mass of information. This is accomplished by looking for and analyzing relationships between events.

ITIL
ITIL (previously and also known as Information Technology Infrastructure Library) is a framework with a set of practices (previously processes) for IT activities such as IT service management (ITSM) and IT asset management (ITAM) that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.

ITIL describes best practices, including processes, procedures, tasks, and checklists which are neither organization-specific nor technology-specific. It is designed to allow organizations to establish a baseline and can be used to demonstrate compliance and to measure improvements. Other similar frameworks exist, such as the Microsoft Operations Framework.

There is no formal independent third-party compliance assessment available to demonstrate ITIL compliance in an organization. Certification in ITIL is only available to individuals and not organizations. Since 2021, the ITIL trademark has been owned by PeopleCert.
Parikud
Parikud is an island in Chilika Lake, Odisha, India.  The land mass is spread over 97 mouzas (administrative districts) of Krushnaprasad panchayat samiti. It is surrounded by Chilika Lake and the Bay of Bengal on two sides. The settlement Janhikuda is located at the easternmost end of the island and acts as an access point to Puri. The residents of this area primarily work in agriculture and fishing. The current head of the island is Raja Santosh Chandra Deo.

Banapur
Banapur is a town and a Notified Area Council in Khordha district in the state of Odisha, India. The town is named after the King Banasura of Lord Shri Krishna era (as the epic tells).

Banasura, a demon-king who is said to have ruled over this place. Major point of attraction here is the temple dedicated to Goddess Bhagabati (odisha Hindu goddess), the presiding deity of Banapur. It is one of the famous Shaktipithas of Odisha.

The place was under the control of a line of feudal lords, the ancestors of the Rajas (Kings) of Parikud, till 18th century. As per historical importance it was one of the centers of inception of Paika rebellion.
Suburban Journals
Suburban Journals of Greater St. Louis  was a group of publications in the St. Louis region owned by Lee Enterprises. The chain served St. Louis and St. Charles counties in Missouri and Madison, Monroe and St. Clair counties in Illinois.

It published community newspapers, the Ladue News, Savvy Family, St. Louis' Best Bridal and Feast.

Publications were grouped in regional offices in Town and Country, Missouri and Collinsville, Illinois.

The chain for years was distributed to homes for free. The papers became subscription-only in November 2008, a move decried by long-time employees as "the beginning of the end.".

The chain's main competition was the Webster-Kirkwood Times, The South County Times and Call Newspapers in Missouri and The Alton Telegraph, Edwardsville Intelligencer, and Belleville News-Democrat in Illinois.

Town and Country, Missouri
Town and Country is a city in west St. Louis County, Missouri, United States with a population of 11,640 as of the 2020 census.

Town and Country has the highest median household income ($134,387 in 2009) of any city in Missouri with a population over 10,000 and also has one of the highest median incomes of any city in the United States. The city is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is home to Bellerive Country Club, which hosted the 1965 U.S. Open, the 1992 PGA Championship, and the 2018 PGA Championship.
Llyn Melynllyn
Llyn Melynllyn (Welsh for 'yellow lake') is a lake within the Carneddau range of mountains in Snowdonia, North Wales.

It lies at a height of just over 2,000 feet (610 m), and has an area of some 18.5 acres (75,000 m2).

Cliffs rise steeply from its western edge, up to the summit of Foel Grach, and down from which most of its feeder streams flow.

A small dam was built at its northern end in 1887, but this was deliberately breached in 1970.  The lake acts as a reservoir for the Llandudno area.

Less than a kilometre to its north lies the larger Llyn Dulyn.

The outflow from the lake is called Afon Melynllyn, this stream flowing north-east to join Afon Dulyn, itself a tributary of the river Conwy.

Carneddau
The Carneddau (lit. 'the cairns'; Carneddau is a Welsh plural form, and is sometimes anglicised to Carnedds) are a group of mountains in Snowdonia, Wales. They include the largest contiguous areas of high ground (over 2,500 feet (760 m) or 3,000 feet (910 m) high) in Wales and England (although larger areas over 2,000 feet (610 m) are found in Northern England), as well as six or seven of the highest peaks in the country—the Fifteen Peaks. The range also encloses a number of lakes such as Llyn Cowlyd and Llyn Eigiau, and the Aber Falls waterfall. It is delimited by the Irish Sea to the north, the Conwy valley to the east, and by the A5 road from Betws-y-Coed to Bethesda to the south and west. The area covers nearly 200 square kilometres (80 sq mi), about 10% of the area of Snowdonia. The area is bordered by three main roads—the A55 (to the north), the A5 to the south and the A470 to the east.
Notes receivable
Notes receivable represents claims for which formal instruments of credit are issued as evidence of debt, such as a promissory note. The credit instrument normally requires the debtor to pay interest and extends for time periods of 30 days or longer. Notes receivable are considered current assets if they are to be paid within one year, and non-current if they are expected to be paid after one year.

Promissory note
A promissory note, sometimes referred to as a note payable, is a financial instrument in which one party (the maker or issuer) promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other (the payee), subject to any terms and conditions specified within the document.
Rowing at the 2007 Pan American Games
Rowing at the 2007 Pan American Games will take place at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, the same venue that hosted the Canoe and Kayak and Water Skiing events. Although the initial intention of the Organizing Committee was to have the whole Olympic Program at the Pan American Games, the Women's Eight was not held due to lack of participants.

Water skiing at the 2007 Pan American Games
Water skiing competitions at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro was held from July 21 to July 24 at the Caiçaras Club.

Wakeboarding was added to the sports program, with the men's competition being contested.
Rippey Cobblestone Farmhouse
Rippey Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at 1227 Leet Road in Phelps, Ontario County, New York. It was constructed in 1854 and is an example of a Greek Revival or Italianate style, cobblestone domestic architecture. The house consists of a two-story main block with a one-story side wing and is one of the most elaborate, finely crafted cobblestone residences in the Finger Lakes region. The exterior walls are built primarily of small, red, oval, lake washed cobbles. It is among the approximately 101 cobblestone buildings in Ontario County and nine in the town of Seneca.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Cobblestone architecture
Cobblestone architecture refers to the use of cobblestones embedded in mortar as method for erecting walls on houses and commercial buildings. It was frequently used in the northeastern United States and upper Midwest in the early 19th century; the greatest concentration of surviving cobblestone buildings is in New York State, generally near the historic Erie Canal or connecting canals.
Lion taming
Lion taming is the taming and training of lions, either for protection or for use in entertainment, such as the circus. The term often applies to the taming and display of lions and other big cats such as tigers, leopards, jaguars, cheetahs, and cougars. Lion taming is used as a popular metaphor for any dangerous activity. Lion taming occurs in zoos around the world to enable the keepers to carry out medical procedures and feedings.

The Captive Animals Protection Society maintains that animal welfare cannot be guaranteed in circuses. The use of lions in circuses have been affected by bans on circus animals in some countries.

Bans on circus animals
v

t

e

certain animals are excluded or the laws vary internally

Many countries have implemented nationwide bans on using some if not all animals in circuses. Other countries have locally restricted or banned the use of animals in entertainment. In response to a growing popular concern about the use of animals in entertainment, animal-free circuses are becoming more common around the world.

Despite the contemporary circus's shift toward more theatrical techniques and its emphasis on human rather than animal performance, traditional circus companies still exist alongside the new movement. Many continue to maintain animal performers, such as the Big Apple Circus from the United States, Circus Krone from Munich, Circus Royale and Lennon Bros Circus from Australia, Vazquez Hermanos Circus, Circo Atayde Hermanos, and Hermanos Mayaror Circus from Mexico, and Moira Orfei Circus from Italy.
Integrated gasification combined cycle
An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a technology using a high pressure gasifier to turn coal and other carbon based fuels into pressurized synthesis gas. This enables removal of impurities from the fuel prior to generating electricity, reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide, particulates, mercury, and in some cases carbon dioxide. Some of these impurities, such as sulfur, can be turned into re-usable byproducts through the Claus process. With additional process equipment, carbon monoxide can be converted to carbon dioxide via water-gas shift reaction, enabling it to be sequestered and increasing gasification efficiency. Excess heat from the primary combustion and syngas fired generation is then passed to a steam cycle, producing additional electricity. This process results in improved thermodynamic efficiency, compared to conventional pulverized coal combustion.

Kedzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant
The Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Power and Chemical Complex was a proposed facility in Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland.  It was planned to combine the functions of power and heat generation with chemical production and carbon capture and storage. The project was proposed by a consortium of chemicals producers, including Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn and the electricity company Południowy Koncern Energetyczny. The facility would have produced synthesis gas by gasification of hard coal. Gas produced by the plant would have been used for power and heat generation, or for the production of other chemicals.

The project has since been discontinued for lack of funding, due in part to the low carbon price as CCS investments generally do not provide large incentives.
Instax
Instax (stylized as instax) is a brand of instant still cameras and instant films marketed by Fujifilm.

The first camera and accompanying film, the Instax Mini 10 and Instax Mini film, were released on November 10, 1998. The "Wide" film and first accompanying camera were released the following year. The Instax Square film and accompanying camera were released in 2017.

The formats of Instax film give an image size of 46 mm × 62 mm (1.8 in × 2.4 in) for the Mini, 99 mm × 62 mm (3.9 in × 2.4 in) for the Wide and 62 mm × 62 mm (2.4 in × 2.4 in) for the Square. The Instax colour film is available in Mini, Wide, and Square formats and the black and white Instax Monochrome is also available in Mini, Wide, and Square formats.

Other manufacturers also make compatible cameras and camera backs.

Millimetre
The millimetre (SI symbol: mm; international spelling) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousandth of a metre, the SI base unit of length.

1 metre = 1000 millimetres

1 centimetre = 10 millimetres

One millimetre is also equal to:

1000 micrometres

1000000 nanometres

Since an inch is officially defined as exactly 25.4 millimetres, 1 millimetre is precisely 5⁄127 inches (≈ 0.03937 inches).
40th century BC
During the 40th century BC, the Eastern Mediterranean region was in the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age), transitional between the Stone and the Bronze Ages. Northwestern Europe was in the Neolithic. China was dominated by the Neolithic Yangshao culture. The Americas were in a phase of transition between the Paleo-Indian (Lithic) to the Meso-Indian (Archaic) stage. This century started in 4000 BC and ended in 3901 BC.

Archaic period (North America)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development. The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies supported through the exploitation of nuts, seeds, and shellfish.  As its ending is defined by the adoption of sedentary farming, this date can vary significantly across the Americas.

The term "Archaic Period" is also as a timespan label elsewhere in the Americas, with different timespans than the North American Archaic.
Association of Contract Players
The Association of Contract Players (Dutch: Vereniging van Contractspelers; VVCS) is the trade union for professional football players in the Netherlands. Established on 1 January 1961, it is a member of the Dutch Federation of Trade Unions and one of the three founding members of FIFPro, whom they share offices with.

Initiatives set up by the association include the VVCS Academy, which help players earn a diploma during their football careers, and Team VVCS, a team consisting of out-of-contract players looking for a new club.

Federation of Dutch Trade Unions
The Federation of Dutch Trade Unions (Dutch: Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging, FNV) is a national trade union centre in the Netherlands. The FNV is a significant player in the field of work and income. The trade union consists of a central federation, complemented by several sectoral unions representing specific professional groups and sectors. The FNV aims to safeguard the interests of employees, promote fair labor conditions, and protect workers' rights at the national level.
Mazda2
The Mazda 2 (Japanese: マツダ・ツー, Hepburn: Matsuda Tsū) is a subcompact/supermini (B-segment) car, which has been available as a 4-door sedan and a 5 door hatchback manufactured and marketed by Mazda since 2002, currently in its third generation. An entry-level model of the brand in markets outside Japan, the Mazda2 is positioned below the Mazda3. The Mazda2 has also been marketed as the Mazda Demio (a name it kept in the Japanese market until 2019), while its direct predecessor was exported as the Mazda 121.

The second-generation Mazda2 earned the 2008 World Car of the Year title, while the third-generation model was awarded the 2014–2015 Japanese Car of the Year.

The third-generation model was sold in North America as the Scion iA and Toyota Yaris, Yaris iA and Yaris R.

A separate, gasoline-hybrid version based on the Toyota Yaris Hybrid has been sold in Europe under the same Mazda2 nameplate since 2022 alongside the gasoline-powered third-generation Mazda2.

Hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to the main interior of the car as a cargo area rather than just to a separated trunk. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second-row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume.

While early examples of the body configuration can be traced to the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the term itself to 1970. The hatchback body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. They are a primary component of sport utility vehicles.