hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murder of Faiza Ashraf
Faiza Ashraf was a 26-year-old Pakistani-Norwegian woman who was kidnapped early in the morning on 3 February 2010 from a bus-stop at Haslum in Bærum, outside of Oslo, while on her way to work. She was later found murdered near the parking lot in Solli, in the neighbouring municipality of Asker.

After receiving a call from Ashraf alerting them to her kidnap, the police arrested Shamrez Khan, and later Håvard Nyfløt, who admitted to kidnapping Ashraf on the orders of Khan. Both men were convicted and sentenced to prison. Known as the "Faiza-case", the case generated a considerable amount of media attention in Norway at the time. It was one of the first incidents of non-gang-related contract killings in modern Norwegian history.

Norwegians with Pakistani background
Pakistani Norwegians are Norwegians of Pakistani descent, 65.23% of Pakistanis in Norway live in the capital Oslo. First-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who migrate from Pakistan, are distinguished from the mainstream in several demographic aspects, while second-generation Pakistani Norwegians, who are born in Norway, are well established in Norway and have gone on to become professionals and politicians.

Almost 70% of the Pakistanis in Norway are originally from Kharian, Punjab. The city is often nicknamed as Little Norway.
Retracement (finance)
Retracement in finance is a complete or partial reversal of the price of a security or a derivative from its current trend, thereby creating a temporary counter-trend. Not to be confused with Fibonacci Retracement, market correction and/or market reversal, which are the most popular types of retracements.

Market correction
A stock market correction is typically defined as drop of more than 10% in the value of a stock index. Corrections end once stocks attain new highs. Stock market corrections are often measured retrospectively from recent highs to their lowest closing price. Each correction is different, but corrections have historically been shorter, sharper, and steeper than bear markets, which are typically defined as a sustained drop of more than 20%.

The most recent example of a stock market correction in the United States was when the S&P 500 fell 18.9% from February 19, 2025 to April 8, 2025. The stock index set a new all-time high on June 27, 2025—marking the end of the correction.

A correction may also be a drop in a commodity price, as in the 2000s United States housing market correction.
RadCube
RadCube was a technology demonstration CubeSat for space weather monitoring technologies, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) in low Earth orbit between 2021 and 2024. The satellite was constructed by the Hungarian company C3S with contributions from the Hungarian Centre for Energy Research, the UK's Imperial College, and the Polish company Astronika. The satellite successfully demonstrated its radiation telescope (by Centre for Energy Research), its set of "MAGIC" magnetometer sensors (by Imperial College), and its extendable boom (by Astronika). The MAGIC magnetometer will be implemented on future space missions including HENON, ESA's first stand-alone deep space CubeSat.

Space weather
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere. This includes the effects of the solar wind, especially on the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Though physically distinct, space weather is analogous to the terrestrial weather of Earth's atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere). The term "space weather" was first used in the 1950s and popularized in the 1990s. Later, it prompted research into "space climate", the large-scale and long-term patterns of space weather.
Lim Kimya
Lim Kimya (Khmer: លឹម គិមយ៉ា; 1951 or 1952 – 7 January 2025) was a Cambodian and French politician. Lim, a member of the Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP), was first elected as a member of parliament in 2013 and served until 2018.

Criminal Court of Thailand
The Criminal Court (Thai: ศาลอาญา; RTGS: San-aya; IPA: [sǎːn.ʔaː.jaː]) is a Thai court of justice of first instance responsible for the application of criminal law in Bangkok. The court is located on Ratchadaphisek Road and is colloquially called "Ratchada Criminal Court" (ศาลอาญารัชดาฯ).
Alik Ismail-Zadeh
Alik Ismail-Zadeh is a mathematical geophysicist known for his contribution to computational geodynamics and natural hazard studies, pioneering work on data assimilation in geodynamics as well as for outstanding service to the Earth and space science community. He is Research Professor (Privatdozent) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
European Space Weather portal
The European Space Weather Portal (ESWeP) results from the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action 724 (Developing the basis for monitoring, modelling and predicting Space Weather).  ESWeP is a website providing a centralized access point to the space weather community to share their knowledge and results.  The website is hosted and maintained at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy.  Its development will be continued in the framework of the COST ES0803 action (Developing space weather products and services in Europe).

On ESWeP, a section is devoted to education and outreach.  Children as young as five years old are invited to get involved in some of these activities.  For example, artworks illustrating space weather made by primary school children from several countries are presented on the website.

Space weather
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere. This includes the effects of the solar wind, especially on the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Though physically distinct, space weather is analogous to the terrestrial weather of Earth's atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere). The term "space weather" was first used in the 1950s and popularized in the 1990s. Later, it prompted research into "space climate", the large-scale and long-term patterns of space weather.
Penicillium spinulosum
Penicillium spinulosum (spinulosus means with small spines in Latin) is a non-branched, fast-growing fungus with a swelling at the terminal of the stipe (vesiculate) in the genus Penicillium. P. spinulosum is able to grow and reproduce in environment with low temperature and low water availability, and is known to be acidotolerant. P. spinulosum is ubiquitously distributed, and can often be isolated from soil. Each individual strain of P. spinulosum differs from others in their colony morphology, including colony texture, amount of sporulation and roughness of conidia and conidiophores.

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
Ollon
Ollon is a municipality in the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, sited in the foothills of the mountains to the south-east of the Lake of Geneva.  The old German language name Olun is no longer used.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Tamil Muslim
Tamil Muslims are Tamils who practise Islam. The community is 10 million in India, primarily in the state of Tamil Nadu where 90% of the Muslim community identified themselves as Tamil Muslims. In Tamil Nadu, the majority of Tamil-speaking Muslims belong to the Rowthers Community while other Muslims live in coastal Tamil Nadu. There is a substantial diaspora, particularly in Southeast Asia, which has seen their presence as early as the 13th century. In the late 20th century, the diaspora expanded to Western Europe, Persian Gulf and North America.

P. Khalifulla Sahib
Dewan Khan Bahadur P. Khalifullah (1888–1950), was a politician of the Madras Presidency, British India, He was the first muslim minister of Madras Presidency Province, served as the minister for public works in the short-lived ministry of Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu from April–July 1937. He was belonging to the Rowther community, and his father (T.A. Pitchai Rowther) was a wealthy businessman of Tiruchirapalli. Born in 1888 in Tiruchi into a wealthy rice merchant's family, his birth name was Mohamed Pichai Rowther Ibrahim Khalifullah. He went on to be known by the honorific Khan Bahadur, a title bestowed on him by the British. In later years, his work as the Dewan of Pudukkottai State made him more popular as ‘Dewan Khalifullah.’
Gander International Airport
Gander International Airport (IATA: YQX, ICAO: CYQX) is an international airport located in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and is operated by the Gander International Airport Authority. Canadian Forces Base Gander shares the airfield but is a separate entity from the airport. The airport is sometimes referred to as the "Crossroads of the World", and is classified as an international airport by Transport Canada.

Gander Lake
Gander Lake is located in the central part of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is the third-largest lake in Newfoundland.  Gander Lake, Gander River and Gander Bay are thought to have gained their names from the wild geese that frequent the area.

Measuring 56 km (35 mi) in length and several kilometres in width, the lake is oriented roughly northwest–southeast. The town of Gander is located on the northern shore at roughly its midpoint, and the towns of Appleton and Glenwood are situated on the Western extremity of the lake, on the banks of the Gander River. Gander Lake has been measured to a depth of 288 m (945 ft) in some areas.

It is the main source of water for the towns of Gander, Appleton and Glenwood.
2022 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 2022 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Democratic Governor Ned Lamont ran for election to a second term in office. The race simultaneously took place with the election to the state's Class III Senate seat. This election featured a rematch of the previous 2018 gubernatorial election, pitting Lamont against Republican Bob Stefanowski, whom he previously defeated by 3.2% of the vote. This time Lamont won re-election by a wider margin, becoming the first Democrat to win a gubernatorial election by more than 5 points in the state since 1986.

This was the first time that Tolland County voted Democratic in a gubernatorial election since 1994, Darien since 1912, Wilton since 1884, and New Canaan since 1882.

1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1994, to elect the governor of Connecticut. Republican John G. Rowland won the open seat following the retirement of A Connecticut Party Governor Lowell Weicker. The election was a four-way race between A Connecticut Party Lieutenant Governor Eunice Groark, Republican U.S. Congressman John G. Rowland, Democratic state comptroller Bill Curry, and independent conservative talk show host Tom Scott. Rowland won the election with just 36% of the vote.
Bearpaw Lake (Teton County, Wyoming)
Bearpaw Lake is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. Bearpaw Lake is south of Trapper Lake and north of Leigh Lake. Bearpaw Lake is an easy to moderate 9.2-mile (14.8 km) (to Trapper Lake, which is somewhat further) round trip hike along the Leigh Lake Trail. The trail starts at the String Lake trailhead and wanders north along the east shores of Leigh Lake with a 460 feet (140 m) elevation gain. Bearpaw Lake is nestled at the eastern base of Mount Moran and snow and glacier meltwaters off Skillet Glacier eventually feed into the lake. There are three backcountry camping sites with designated tent pads at the lake and a backcountry permit is required to use these sites.

Leigh Lake
Leigh Lake is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. The glacially formed lake is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) wide and 2.8 miles (4.5 km) long from north to south. Situated just southeast of Mount Moran, the lake is at the terminus of both Paintbrush and Leigh Canyons. The lake can be accessed from the Leigh Lake Trail which follows the eastern shores of String Lake a distance of one mile (1.6 km) and is an easy hike over level terrain. The Leigh Lake Ranger Patrol Cabin is located on the northeast shore of the lake and is on the National Register of Historic Places.

The lake was named for Richard "Beaver Dick" Leigh, a mountain guide.

Leigh Lake (bottom left) with Paintbrush Canyon, Mount Woodring, Leigh Canyon, and Mount Moran above (from left to right)

Leigh Lake
Beckenham and Penge
Beckenham and Penge is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election, since when it has been represented by Liam Conlon of the Labour Party.

London Borough of Bromley
The London Borough of Bromley (/ˈbrɒmli/ ⓘ) is a borough in Greater London, England. It is the largest and southeasternmost borough in London, and borders the counties of Surrey and Kent, the latter of which it formed part until 1965. The borough's population in the 2021 census was 329,991. It is named after Bromley, its principal town. Other districts are Penge, Hayes, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Beckenham and Orpington. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council.
Overspeed
Overspeed is a condition in which an engine is allowed or forced to turn beyond its design limit.  The consequences of running an engine too fast vary by engine type and model and depend upon several factors, the most important of which are the duration of the overspeed and the speed attained.  With some engines, a momentary overspeed can result in greatly reduced engine life or catastrophic failure. The speed of an engine is typically measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Karrick process
The Karrick process is a low-temperature carbonization (LTC) and pyrolysis process of carbonaceous materials. Although primarily meant for coal carbonization, it also could be used for processing of oil shale, lignite or any carbonaceous materials. These are heated at 450 °C (800 °F) to 700 °C (1,300 °F) in the absence of air to distill out synthetic fuels–unconventional oil and syngas. It could be used for a coal liquefaction as also for a semi-coke production. The process was the work of oil shale technologist Lewis Cass Karrick at the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1920s.

Char (chemistry)
Char is the solid material that remains after light gases (e.g. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from a carbonaceous material during the initial stage of combustion, which is known as carbonization, charring, devolatilization or pyrolysis.

Further stages of efficient combustion (with or without char deposits) are known as gasification reactions, ending quickly when the reversible gas phase of the water gas shift reaction is reached.
Bois Doré (McLean, Virginia)
Bois Doré is a historic house located in McLean, Virginia, United States along Virginia State Route 193 (Georgetown Pike). It was built in 1951 and was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

Virginia State Route 193
State Route 193 (SR 193) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Georgetown Pike, the state highway runs 11.79 mi (18.97 km) from SR 7 in Dranesville east to SR 123 in Langley.  SR 193 passes through Great Falls and meets Interstate 495 (I-495) in McLean.  The state highway was designated the first Virginia Byway for its scenic value in 1974.
Bangad Kupinde
Bangad Kupinde (Nepali: बनगाड कुपिण्डे) is an urban municipality located in Salyan District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 338.21 square kilometres (130.58 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 36,052 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 12 wards. The headquarters of municipality is located in ward no. 1 which is called Devisthal.

On 10 March 2017 Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015. Thus, Bangad Kupinde municipality came into existence on 10 March 2017 merging the former following Villages: Devisthal, Bame Banghad, Mulkhola, Dhagari Pipal, Kubhinde, Majh Khanda and Nigalchula.

Kubhinde, Salyan
Kubhinde, Rapti    is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4723 people living in 879 individual households.
Hermes Binner
Hermes Juan Binner (June 5, 1943 − June 26, 2020) was an Argentine physician and politician who served as Governor of Santa Fe from 2007 to 2011. Binner was the first Socialist to serve as governor of an Argentine province, and the first non-Peronist to rule Santa Fe since the last transition to democracy in 1983.

Binner was previously a member of parliament of the Civic and Social Progressive Front, a Santa Fe party coalition including the Socialist Party, the Radical Civic Union and other left-wing parties, since the parliamentary elections of October 23, 2005.

Governor of Santa Fe Province
The Governor of Santa Fe (Spanish: Gobernador de la Provincia de Santa Fe) is a citizen of Santa Fe Province, in Argentina, holding the office of governor for the corresponding period. Currently the governor of Santa Fe is Maximiliano Pullaro, of the Radical Civic Union party.

According to the provincial constitution (sanctioned in 2025), the governor is elected by the simple majority of the popular vote, along with a vice governor, for a four-year term, and can be re-elected for a single consecutive term. The governor must be a native Argentine citizen or the child of a native citizen, and must either have been born in the province or resided continuously in the province during the two years prior to the election.
Gut-2 RNA motif
The gut-2 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
gut-2 motif RNAs are found in metagenomic sequences that are derived from animal guts.

It is ambiguous whether gut-2 RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or whether they operate in trans.  Although gut-2 RNAs are often found upstream of protein-coding genes, this does not occur often enough that they were declared as being likely to be cis-regulatory.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Pterygoid fovea
The pterygoid fovea (occasionally called the pterygoid pit or the pterygoid depression) is located on the mandible. It is a concave surface on the medial side of the neck of the condyloid process of the mandible. It is located posterior to the mandibular notch and inferior to the mandibular condyle. The pterygoid fovea is the site of insertion for the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Condyloid process
The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human and other mammalian species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck.
French Mill, Alabama
French Mill is an unincorporated community located in Limestone County. It is halfway between the cities of Madison and Athens. French Mill is within the Huntsville Metropolitan Area, and is considered an exurb of the city despite Huntsville being located just south of the community.

Athens, Alabama
Athens is a city in and the county seat of Limestone County, in the U.S. state of Alabama; it is included in the Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville combined statistical area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 25,407.
2025 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 2025 Bowling Green Falcons football team represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Falcons were led by Eddie George in his first year as the head coach. The Falcons played home games at Doyt Perry Stadium, located in Bowling Green, Ohio.

Doyt Perry Stadium
Doyt L. Perry Stadium is a stadium on the campus of Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio, United States.  It is primarily used for American football, and is the home field of the Bowling Green Falcons football team. It opened in 1966 and originally held 23,272 people.