hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gotland Military District
Gotland Military District (Swedish: Gotlands militärdistrikt, MD G) was a military district within the Swedish Armed Forces active between 2000 and 2004. The staff was located within Gotland Garrison in Visby on Gotland.

Military district (Sweden)
In Sweden, a military district was a military subdivision and part of Sweden's military-territorial division. The military districts were established in 1833 and were, after several reorganizations (1847, 1867 and 1889), replaced by army divisions in 1893. In 1942, the military districts (Swedish: Militärområde, Milo) were established as multi-service commands of the Swedish Armed Forces. The military districts in the modern form were created in 1966, and each was named after the geographical area it covered. Several changes were made, such as creating or merging districts, until all military districts were disbanded in 2000 and replaced by another military district (Swedish: Militärdistrikt, MD) organization, which was active until 31 December 2005.
Buff striped keelback
The buff striped keelback (Amphiesma stolatum) is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake found across Asia.  It is a typically non-aggressive snake that feeds on frogs and toads. It belongs to the subfamily Natricinae, and is closely related to water snakes and grass snakes. It resembles an Asian version of the American garter snake. It is quite a common snake but is rarely seen.

Aestivation
Aestivation (Latin: aestas (summer); also estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, which are often the summer months.

Invertebrate and vertebrate animals enter an aestivating state to avoid damage from high temperatures and the risk of desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic animals undergo aestivation. Fossil records suggest that aestivation may have evolved several hundred million years ago.
Bower (Co-op)
Bower is a student housing cooperative located in East Lansing, Michigan, USA, and a member of the Student Housing Cooperative at Michigan State University. The house has been operating as a co-operative since 1947, and as an active member of the MSU SHC since 1971. It is well known for having a strong history of eco-friendly action and activism.

Student housing cooperative
A student housing cooperative, also known as co-operative housing, is a housing cooperative for student members. Members live in alternative cooperative housing that they personally own and maintain. These houses are designed to lower housing costs while providing an educational and community environment for students to live and grow in. They are, in general, nonprofit, communal, and self-governing, with students pooling their monetary and personal resources to create a community style home. Many student housing cooperatives share operation and governing of the house. As with most cooperatives, student housing coops follow the Rochdale Principles and promote collaboration and community work done by the members for mutual benefit.

Most student housing coops in Canada and the United States are members of North American Students of Cooperation.
2008 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2008. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, the Fed Cup, and the Olympics.

Alona Bondarenko
Alona Volodymyrivna Bondarenko Dyachok (Ukrainian: Альона Володимирівна Бондаренко; born 13 August 1984) is a Ukrainian former tennis player. Her sisters Valeria and Kateryna Bondarenko are also tennis players.

Her career-high singles ranking is No. 19, achieved on 14 April 2008. Alona defeated former world No. 1, Jelena Janković, in the third round of the 2010 Australian Open, and won the 2008 Australian Open women's doubles title with her sister Kateryna, beating Victoria Azarenka and Shahar Pe'er in the finals. She also formerly paired with her older sister Valeria in doubles.
Masonic Order of Liberia
The Grand Lodge of the Republic of Liberia is a fraternal organization based on the principles of Prince Hall Freemasonry. Prior to 1980, its membership tended to consist of Americo-Liberians and it was influential within the ruling True Whig party from its founding until the coup of Samuel Doe in 1980, when much of its senior leadership was killed and the new military regime banned masonic activities in the country.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
Júnior Moraes
Aluísio Chaves Ribeiro Moraes Júnior (Ukrainian: Алуі́зіо Ча́вес Рібе́йро Мора́ес Жу́ніор; born 4 April 1987), commonly known as Júnior Moraes or just Moraes, is a retired footballer who played as a forward. Born in Brazil, he has previously played for the Ukraine national team.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Gabriel Mendoza
Gabriel Rafael Mendoza Ibarra (born 22 May 1968), commonly known as Coca Mendoza, is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a right-back and central midfielder. Mendoza was member of Colo-Colo's historic squad that achieved 1991 Copa Libertadores.

Graneros
Graneros is a commune and city in central Chile, located in the O’Higgins Region, Cachapoal Province. It covers an area of 113 km2 and has a population of 35,938 inhabitants (2024 Census), including 17,613 men and 18,325 women. It is situated 74.36 km from Santiago and 11.97 km from Rancagua. Together with the communes of Mostazal and Codegua, Graneros forms part of the Northern Cone area of the O’Higgins Region, serving as its main urban center and a hub for agro-industrial, commercial, and service development.
Down the Rabbit Hole (festival)
Down the Rabbit Hole (DTRH) is a three-day music festival that takes place in the Groene Heuvels leisure area in the village of Ewijk (near Nijmegen) in the Netherlands. It was first organized in 2014 and has since been held annually late June or early July.

Like Lowlands, it is organized by Mojo Concerts and marketed as a competitor to Best Kept Secret. The first edition was attended by around 10,000 people and nominated for two European Festival Awards. The three main stages – "Hotot", "Fuzzy Lop", and "Teddy Widder" – are named after rabbit breeds.

Ewijk
Ewijk is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Beuningen, and lies about 9 km west of Nijmegen. The river Waal runs in the north.

Ewijk was a separate municipality until 1980, when it was merged with Beuningen.
Tuttell Point
Tuttell Point is a cape that is located on the center of the southern shore of Heald Island Antarctica.  Heald Island is 3 miles (4.8 km) long, and is completely surrounded by the Koettlitz Glacier.

Tuttell Point was named for Lieutenant Commander Robert J. Tuttell of the United States Navy. He was a Naval Aviator in Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6) who flew logistics missions, including several high profile missions, in a ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules aircraft.  He flew missions in Antarctica during the Antarctic Summer Seasons from 1983 to 1986 in support of Operation Deep Freeze. He also flew Winter Fly In (WINFLY) missions in 1984 and 1985.  The feature's name was approved on October 23, 2012 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names, of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

Koettlitz Glacier
Koettlitz Glacier (78°15′S 164°15′E﻿ / ﻿78.250°S 164.250°E﻿ / -78.250; 164.250) is a large Antarctic glacier lying west of Mount Morning and Mount Discovery in the Royal Society Range, flowing from the vicinity of Mount Cocks northeastward between Brown Peninsula and the mainland into the ice shelf of McMurdo Sound.
Serhiy Shaptala
Serhiy Oleksandrovych Shaptala (Ukrainian: Сергій Олександрович Шаптала; born 5 February 1973) is a Ukrainian military officer who served as Chief of the General Staff from 2021 until 2024, holding the rank of Lieutenant general.

In 2015, he was awarded Hero of Ukraine by President Petro Poroshenko for his command of the 128th Brigade during the Battle of Debaltseve.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Shaptala said Ukrainian air defences shot down a Russian Il-76, and shared video footage of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 striking Russian targets.

Chief of the General Staff (Ukraine)
The Chief of the General Staff (Ukrainian: Начальник Генерального штабу, romanized: Nachalnyk Heneralnoho shtabu, abbr. Ukrainian: НГШ, romanized: NHSh), or CGS, is the head of the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, the military staff of the Forces. He is appointed by the President of Ukraine.

Since a decree by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 28 March 2020, the posts of Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces have been separate. Previously  the Chief of the General Staff also served as the Commander-in-Chief when a civilian was the Minister of Defense (before 1 January 2019 it was not a requirement that the Minister of Defense be a civilian).

The current Chief of the General Staff is Andrii Hnatov.
2017 Copa Sevilla
The 2017 Copa Sevilla was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seville, Spain between 4 and 9 September 2017.

2017 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2017, was the secondary men's professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2017 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 155 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 40th edition of the challenger tournaments cycle, and 9th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Th22 cell
Th22 cells (T helper cells type 22) are subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that produce interleukin-22 (IL-22). They play a role in the protective mechanisms against variety of bacterial pathogens, tissue repair and wound healing, and also in pathologic processes, including inflammations, autoimmunity, tumors, and digestive organs damages.

Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental differences exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that may represent targets for antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antimicrobials which demonstrate potential as novel therapeutic agents. Antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, enveloped viruses, fungi and even transformed or cancerous cells. Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics it appears that antimicrobial peptides frequently destabilize biological membranes, can form transmembrane channels, and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators.
Indian honorifics
Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships. These may take the form of prefixes, suffixes or replacements.

Chhatrapati
Chhatrapati is a royal title from Sanskrit used to denote a king and Queen. The word "Chhatrapati" is a Sanskrit compound term composed of "chhatra" (meaning "parasol" or "umbrella") and "pati" (meaning "master", "lord", or "ruler"). This title was used by the House of Bhonsle, between 1674 and 1818, as the heads of state of the Maratha Empire. The Head Queen of the Maratha Empire is known as The Patta Rani also as Chatrapati or Chatrapati Consort
Wittsburg Fortification
The Wittsburg Fortification is a defensive earthworks built during the American Civil War in Wittsburg, Arkansas.  It is the only known surviving earthworks built by either side during the Union Army's advance on Little Rock in 1862.  Union forces invaded Arkansas from Missouri on July 19, 1862, moving south along Crowley's Ridge, which lies west of the St. Francis River.  By July 29 most of the division of General John Davidson had advanced as far as Wittsburg, where they established a camp to wait for supplies and reinforcements.  A stockade and ditch were built on the ridge overlooking the area.

The fortification was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Crowley's Ridge
Crowley's Ridge (also Crowleys Ridge) is a geological formation that rises 250 to 550 feet (170 m) above the alluvial plain of the Mississippi embayment in a 150-mile (240 km) line from southeastern Missouri to the Mississippi River near Helena, Arkansas. Named for settler Benjamin Crowley, it is the most prominent feature in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain between Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the Gulf of Mexico.

The narrow rolling hill region rising above the flat plain is the sixth, and smallest, natural division of the state of Arkansas. The southern part is protected within Ozark–St. Francis National Forest.

Most of the major cities of the Arkansas Delta region lie along Crowley's Ridge. It was named after Benjamin Crowley, known as the first American settler to reach the area, sometime around 1820. The Civil War Battle of Chalk Bluff was fought on Crowley's Ridge on May 1–2, 1863.
Bel Ombre, Seychelles
Bel Ombre (French pronunciation: [bɛl ɔ̃bʁ], or Belombre) is an administrative district of Seychelles located on the island of Mahé. It has a small fishing harbour for artesan fishing from small boats with lines.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Called Up Sent Down: The Bevin Boys' War
Called Up Sent Down: The Bevin Boys' War is a nonfiction book authored by Tom Hickman about the more than 20,000 young British men sent to work in coal mines, collectively known as the Bevin Boys, during the Second World War. It was first published by The History Press in 2008, with a second edition released in 2010.

The book relies on personal memoirs. James Appell in The Oxonian Review of Books, placed the book in the context of Hickman's earlier works about the BBC and National Service which used the same formula of using personal testimonies to show the variety of experiences of individuals dealing with state institutions. Reviewers have appreciated the insight offered by this approach but also noted that the book therefore neglects the wider context that a text produced by a single author might offer and relies very heavily on the veracity of the primary sources used.

The History Press
The History Press is a British publishing company specialising in the publication of titles devoted to local and specialist history. It claims to be the United Kingdom's largest independent publisher in this field, publishing approximately 300 books per year and with a backlist of over 12,000 titles.

Created in December 2007, The History Press integrated core elements of the NPI Media Group within it, including all existing published titles, plus all the future contracts and publishing rights contained in them. At the time of founding, the imprints included Phillimore, Pitkin Publishing, Spellmount, Stadia, Sutton Publishing, Tempus Publishing and Nonsuch.
Frederikshavn railway station
Frederikshavn railway station (Danish: Frederikshavn Station or Frederikshavn Banegård) is a railway station serving the town of Frederikshavn in Vendsyssel, Denmark. It is located in central Frederikshavn, situated between the town centre and the Port of Frederikshavn, and immediately adjacent to the Frederikshavn bus station.

The station is the terminus of the Vendsyssel railway line from Aalborg to Frederikshavn as well as the Skagen railway line from Frederikshavn to Skagen. The station opened in 1871 and was moved to its current location in 1979. It offers direct regional rail services to Aalborg as well as local train services to Skagen. The train services are currently operated by the local railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner.

Rail transport in Denmark
The rail transport system in Denmark consists of 2,633 km (1,636 mi) of railway lines, of which the Copenhagen S-train network, the main line Helsingør-Copenhagen-Padborg (at the German border), and the Lunderskov-Esbjerg line are electrified. Most traffic is passenger trains, although there is considerable transit goods traffic between Sweden and Germany.

Maintenance work on most Danish railway lines is done by Banedanmark, a state-owned company that also allocates tracks for train operators. The majority of passenger trains are operated by DSB, with Arriva and Nordjyske Jernbaner and Midtjyske Jernbaner operating on some lines in Jutland. Goods transport is mainly performed by DB Schenker Rail, although other operators take care of a significant portion of the non-transit traffic.

Denmark is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Denmark is 86.
Edward George Bowen
Edward George "Taffy" Bowen, CBE, FRS (14 January 1911 – 12 August 1991), was a Welsh physicist who made a major contribution to the development of radar. He was also an early radio astronomer, playing a key role in the establishment of radioastronomy in Australia and the United States.

Orford Ness
Orford Ness is a cuspate foreland shingle spit on the Suffolk coast in Great Britain, linked to the mainland at Aldeburgh and stretching along the coast to Orford and down to North Weir Point, opposite Shingle Street. It is divided from the mainland by the River Alde, and was formed by longshore drift along the coast. The material of the spit comes from places further north, such as Dunwich. Near the middle point of its length, at the foreland point or "Ness", once stood Orfordness Lighthouse, demolished in summer 2020 owing to the encroaching sea. In the name of the lighthouse (and the radio transmitting station – see below), "Orfordness" is written as one word.
José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda
José Antonio Manso de Velasco y Sánchez de Samaniego, KOS (Spanish: José Antonio Manso de Velasco y Sánchez de Samaniego, primer Conde de Superunda) (May 10, 1689 – Jan 5, 1767) was a Spanish military officer and politician who served as the governor of Chile and viceroy of Peru.

Royal Governor of Chile
The royal governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the royal governor also held the title of a captain general. There were 66 such governors or captains during the Spanish conquest and the later periods of Spanish-centered colonialism. Since the first Spanish–Mapuche parliaments in the 17th century it became an almost mandatory tradition for each governor to arrange a parliament with the Mapuches.
MRTJ 1000 series
The MRT Jakarta 1000 series, known legally as the Series K1 1 18, are the first generation rolling stocks to operate in the MRT Jakarta system. The train set is also known as the Ratangga. The train set was manufactured by Japanese company Nippon Sharyo under Contract CP108, all sets were built in 2018 and started operation on 24 March 2019. It is classified as an executive class train operated with a formation of six trains in each set.

Jakarta MRT
The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian: Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta) or Jakarta MRT (MRT Jakarta, stylized as mrt jakarta) is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia.

The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta. Phase 1 of the project (Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI) was officially opened on 24 March 2019.
Confidential (1935 film)
Confidential is a 1935 American crime film directed by Edward L. Cahn and written by Wellyn Totman and Olive Cooper. The film stars Donald Cook, Evalyn Knapp, Theodore von Eltz, Warren Hymer, J. Carrol Naish and Herbert Rawlinson. The film was released on October 16, 1935, by Mascot Pictures.

Mascot Pictures
Mascot Pictures Corporation was an American film company of the 1920s and 1930s, best known for producing and distributing film serials and B-westerns.  Mascot was formed in 1927 by film producer Nat Levine.  In 1935, it merged with several other companies to form Republic Pictures.

Mascot's serial The King of the Kongo (1929) was the first serial to include sound, beating Universal Studios by several months.

The company's logo featured a roaring tiger resting on top of a model of the planet Earth.
Ngāti Pāoa
Ngāti Pāoa is a Māori iwi (tribe) that has extensive links to the Hauraki and Waikato tribes of New Zealand. Its traditional lands stretch from the western side of the Hauraki Plains to Auckland. They also settled on Hauraki Gulf islands such as Waiheke.

Ngāti Pāoa is one of five tribes of the Marutūāhu confederation, the others being Ngāti Maru, Ngāti Rongoū, Ngāti Tamaterā and Ngāti Whanaunga. The Marutūāhu tribes are all descended from Marutūāhu, a son of Hotunui, who is said to have arrived in New Zealand on the Tainui canoe. The Marutūāhu tribes are therefore part of the Tainui group of tribes. The Marutūāhu confederation is also part of the Hauraki collective of tribes.

Hauraki Gulf
The Hauraki Gulf (Māori: Tīkapa Moana) is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand. It has an area of 4000 km2, and lies between, in anticlockwise order, the Auckland Region, the Hauraki Plains, the Coromandel Peninsula, and Great Barrier Island. Most of the gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park.

Hauraki is Māori for north wind. In 2014, the gulf was officially named Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the mournful sea" for Tīkapa Moana.  In traditional legend, the Hauraki Gulf is protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale.