hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Brodnica, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gmina Brodnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brodnica, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 126.96 square kilometres (49.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,524.

Brodnica County
Brodnica County (Polish: powiat brodnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Brodnica, which lies 58 km (36 mi) north-east of Toruń and 95 km (59 mi) east of Bydgoszcz. The county also contains the towns of Jabłonowo Pomorskie, lying 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Brodnica, and Górzno, 18 km (11 mi) east of Brodnica.

The county covers an area of 1,038.79 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 78,935, out of which the population of Brodnica is 28,788, that of Jabłonowo Pomorskie is 3,754, that of Górzno is 1,366, and the rural population is 45,027.

The county includes part of the protected area known as Brodnica Landscape Park.
Farris
Farris is a lake on the border of Telemark and Vestfold counties in Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long freshwater moraine-dammed lake is located mostly in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold, but the northwestern part of the lake is located in Siljan Municipality and Porsgrunn Municipality in Telemark. The large town of Larvik is located at the southern end of the lake.

The 21-square-kilometre (8.1 sq mi) lake would have been part of the saltwater Larviksfjorden, had it not been dammed by an end moraine left by the latest ice age. That moraine is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide, separating the lake from the sea. There is a short river that runs through the moraine which drains the lake into the fjord. The lake Farris is a drinking water reservoir for about 170,000 people in the region.

The largest island in the lake is Bjørnøya, located just east of the village of Kjose. The mineral water brand Farris is named after the lake.

Siljan, Norway
Siljan is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Siljan. Other villages in Siljan include Snurråsen and Øverbø.

The 214-square-kilometre (83 sq mi) municipality is the 299th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Siljan is the 261st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,375. The municipality's population density is 11.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (30/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The older main road that connects the cities of Skien, Larvik, and Oslo passes through Siljan.
Revolutionary Association
The Revolutionary Association (Polish: Związek Rewolucyjny) was a Polish 18th century underground society, founded in Warsaw. Created at the outbreak of the Kościuszko's Uprising by the envoy of Tadeusz Kościuszko, Tomasz Maruszewski, it united a number of officers of the Warsaw Garrison, incl. Michał Chomentowski and Grzegorz Ropp. Its sole aim was to prepare the Warsaw Uprising (1794).

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Roketz
Roketz is a multidirectional shooter released for the Amiga 1200 in 1995 and MS-DOS in 1996. It has gravity-based, thrust-and-turn gameplay similar to the arcade video game Gravitar, a game that also inspired the home game Thrust.

Amiga 1200
The Amiga 1200, or A1200 (code-named "Channel Z"), is a personal computer in the Amiga computer family released by Commodore International, aimed at the home computer market. It was launched on October 21, 1992, at a base price of £399 in the United Kingdom (equivalent to £1,040 in 2023) and $599 in the United States (equivalent to $1,340 in 2024).
1940 Northampton by-election
The 1940 Northampton by-election was held on 6 December 1940.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Mervyn Manningham-Buller.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Spencer Summers.

Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)
Northampton was a parliamentary constituency (centred on the town of Northampton), which existed until 1974.

It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800 and to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was reduced to one member for the 1918 general election.  The constituency was abolished for the February 1974 general election, when it was replaced by the new constituencies of Northampton North and Northampton South.

A former MP of note for the constituency was Spencer Perceval, the only British Prime Minister to be assassinated.
2009 IPC Swimming European Championships
The 2009 IPC Swimming European Championships was an international swimming competition. It was held in Reykjavík, Iceland and ran from 18 to 24 October. Around 650 athletes from 37 different countries attended. Great Britain finished top of the medal tables with 39 golds and 94 medals, both greater than any other country.

The 2009 Championships was the first IPC-run event where intellectual disability athletes were allowed to compete since the 2000 Summer Paralympic controversy. In the 2000 Sydney Games cheating by the Spanish basketball team resulted in the banning of all events for athletes with intellectual disabilities.

World Para Swimming European Championships
The World Para Swimming European Championships (World Para Swimming European Open Championships), known until 2018 as the IPC Swimming European Championships, are the European continental championships for swimming where athletes with a disability compete. Each championship is organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and behind the World Para Swimming Championships and the Summer Paralympic Games is the largest meet for European athletes. No championships were held in 2022.
Alfa Romeo 159
The Alfa Romeo 159 (Type 939) is a car built by Italian marque Alfa Romeo between 2004 and 2011. It is a large family car in the compact-executive market segment with four-door saloon and five-door estate variants. Introduced at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show as a replacement for the 156, the 159 used the GM/Fiat Premium platform, shared with the Alfa Romeo Brera and Spider as well as the Kamal and Visconti concept cars.

The 159 placed third in the 2006 European Car of the Year awards. Production of the 159 ended in November 2011, with 247,661 cars manufactured. The 159's late transition to what was fundamentally made as an E segment platform resulted in the 159 having excessive weight, a problem shared by the Brera coupé and Spider.

Alfa Romeo Spider
The Alfa Romeo Spider (105/115 series) is a two-seater, front-engined, rear-drive roadster manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo from 1966 to 1994 in four distinct generations, or "series", each with modifications ranging from modest to extensive.

As successor to the Giulia Spider, the Spider remained in production for almost three decades. The first three series were assembled by Pininfarina in Grugliasco and the fourth series in San Giorgio Canavese. The last Spider of that series was manufactured in April 1993—the last rear-wheel drive Alfa Romeo before the Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione of 2007.

In 2012, FCA Italy and Mazda studied the possibility of jointly developing a new Spider for 2015 based on the Mazda MX-5 platform. Ultimately, FCA and Mazda chose to manufacture a modern interpretation of the Fiat 124 Sport Spider rather than reviving the Alfa Romeo Spider.
Ernest Pogosyants
Ernest Levonovich Pogosyants (June 5, 1935, Chuhuiv – August 16, 1990) was a Soviet-Armenian composer of chess problems and endgame studies.  He composed about 6,000 problems and studies, almost as many chess puzzles as the 6,500 created by T. R. Dawson.  In 1988 he was awarded the title Grandmaster for Chess Compositions.

Harold van der Heijden included 1,727 studies by Pogosyants in his endgame study database.  This represented the largest number of studies by any one composer.  Henri Rinck, Alexey Troitsky, and Ladislav Prokes were the only other composers with more than 1,000 endgame studies.

Ladislav Prokeš
Ladislav Prokeš (7 June 1884 – 9 January 1966) was a Czech chess master and one of the most prolific composers of endgame studies in chess. He was born and died in Prague.

Prokeš was joint Czech Champion in 1921 and played for the Czech Olympiad team in 1927, 1928, and 1930. While a strong tournament player, it is his chess compositions that gained him fame. In 1951 he published a collection of studies "Kniha šachových studií". His 1,244 endgame studies, as listed in Harold van der Heijden's database, rank fourth among all composers.
Commissioner Street (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Commissioner Street (Afrikaans: Commissionerstraat) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1924. Named after Commissioner Street, one of the main thoroughfares of the Johannesburg CBD, it covered the southern and southwestern parts of the CBD. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Erik Spady
Erik Spady (born June 1, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He last played with the Brampton Beast of the Central Hockey League.

Spady attended Northern Michigan University where he played four seasons (2007-2011) of NCAA college major hockey with the Northern Michigan Wildcats, registering 20 points and 110 penalty minutes in 134 games played.

Spady played the 2011–12 season in the Central Hockey League (CHL) with the Texas Brahmas. On January 15, 2013, the Toledo Walleye signed Spady to a contract and he joined the team mid-way through the 2012–13 ECHL season.

Toledo Walleye
The Toledo Walleye are a professional ice hockey team based in Toledo, Ohio.  The Walleye are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the ECHL. The Walleye were founded in 1991 as the Toledo Storm and play their home games at the Huntington Center, which opened in 2009. Since the beginning of the 2009–10 season, the team has been affiliated with the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League and the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League with an agreement in place through the 2026–27 season.
Mermaids Cave
Mermaids Cave is an undercut sandstone cave located in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. It was named in 1882 and was also known as Mermaid's Glen. It is accessible by a short walking trail from the Megalong Valley road.

A scene from Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome was filmed there.

Megalong Valley
Megalong Valley is part of the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. It is located west of Katoomba.  On its eastern side, the valley is separated from the Jamison Valley by Narrow Neck Plateau. The Shipley Plateau overlooks part of the valley.
6N14P
The 6N14P (Russian: 6Н14П) is a miniature Russian-made medium gain dual-triode vacuum tube used in radio equipment. It serves as a low-noise cascode amplifier at HF through VHF frequencies.

The construction of the tube is asymmetrical, with the control grid of the first triode section (pin no. 2) being internally connected to the internal RF shielding plate, thereby making the first section more suitable for common grid operation. It is a direct equivalent of ECC84 and 6CW7 vacuum tubes.

Control grid
The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode.  The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical screen or helix of fine wire surrounding the cathode, and is surrounded in turn by the anode.  The control grid was invented by Lee De Forest, who in 1906  added a grid to the Fleming valve (thermionic diode) to create the first amplifying vacuum tube, the Audion (triode).
B&F Fk9
The B&F Fk9, also marketed as the FK-Lightplanes FK9, is a German-designed single-engine, two-seat ultralight, first flown in 1989.  It has been developed from a mixed structure, fabric covered aircraft to a wholly composite machine. It remains in production at factories in Germany and Poland and has sold in large numbers, flying on four continents.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Amadora
Amadora (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐmɐˈðoɾɐ] ⓘ), officially City of Amadora (Portuguese: Cidade da Amadora), is a city and municipality in the northwest of the Lisbon metropolitan area and 10 km from central Lisbon. The population in 2011 was 175,136, in an area of 23.78 km2 (9.2 sq mi). It is the fourth biggest and most densely populated city in Portugal.

Lisbon Metro
The Lisbon Metro (Portuguese: Metro de Lisboa) is a rapid transit system in Lisbon, Portugal. Opened in December 1959, it was the first rapid transit system in Portugal. 
As of 2023, the system's four lines total 44.5 kilometres (27.7 mi) of route and serve 56 stations.
Matilo
Matilo or Matilone was once a Roman fort (castellum) in modern-day Leiden. Positioned on the southern banks of the Oude Rijn, it served to protect the Roman borders in the province of Germania Inferior (Limes Germanicus). On the Peutinger map, it lies between the encampments of Albaniana (Alphen aan den Rijn) and Praetorium Agrippinae (Valkenburg). The seventh-century Ravenna Cosmography cites the name in the accusative case as Matellionem.

Alphen aan den Rijn
Alphen aan den Rijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlfə(n) aːn də(n) ˈrɛin] ⓘ; English: "Alphen upon Rhine" or "Alphen on the Rhine") is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The city is situated on the banks of the river Oude Rijn (Old Rhine), where the river Gouwe branches off. The municipality had a population of 112,587 in 2021, and covers an area of 132.50 km2 (51.16 sq mi) of which 6.27 km2 (2.42 sq mi) is water.

The municipality of Alphen aan den Rijn also includes the communities of Aarlanderveen, Benthuizen, Boskoop, Hazerswoude-Dorp, Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, Koudekerk aan den Rijn and Zwammerdam. The city is located in what is called the 'Green Heart' of the Netherlands, which is a somewhat less densely populated centre area of the Randstad.

The name "Alphen" is probably derived from the name of the Roman fort Albaniana, meaning "settlement at the white water". Its remains still lie underneath the city centre.
Kai Tak Nullah
The Kai Tak Nullah (Chinese: 啟德明渠), also known as the Kai Tak River (啟德河) and sometimes spelled Kaitak, is a nullah or watercourse that collects water from the rivers and streams flowing from the hills in northern New Kowloon. It empties into a narrow channel leading into the Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. Part of the nullah is covered by roads and other facilities.

The Kai Tak Nullah is about 2.4 km (1.5 mi) in length. It flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road, pass Tung Tau Estate and San Po Kong, into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour at the Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. It has an upstream and a midstream. The nullah is one of the major flood relief drainage channels in the East Kowloon area. The improvement work of Kai Tak Nullah has been overseen by the Civil Engineering and Development Department since March 2012, aiming to turn the nullah into an attractive green river corridor. It was anticipated to be fully completed before 2021.

Lung Tsun Stone Bridge
The Lung Tsun Stone Bridge (Chinese: 龍津石橋) was a bridge in British Hong Kong which was buried during the construction of Kai Tak Airport and which connected the Kowloon Walled City to a pier leading into Kowloon Bay.
Robert Frost Farm (Ripton, Vermont)
The Robert Frost Farm, also known as the Homer Noble Farm, is a National Historic Landmark in Ripton, Vermont.  It is a 150-acre (61 ha) farm property off Vermont Route 125 in the Green Mountains where American poet Robert Frost (1874-1963) lived and wrote in the summer and fall months from 1939 until his death in 1963. The property, historically called the Homer Noble Farm, includes a nineteenth-century farmhouse and a rustic wooden writing cabin (where Frost often stayed).  The property is now owned by Middlebury College. The grounds are open to the public during daylight hours.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Lake Wingra
Lake Wingra is a small lake located inside the city limits of the U.S. city of Madison, Wisconsin. The smallest of the five major lakes drained by the Yahara River in Dane County, Lake Wingra is bordered by the University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum on the south and west and the City of Madison on the remaining shoreline. The lake is considered an important fishery and is known for spring runs of large muskellunge. Henry Vilas Zoo, Wingra Boats, Wingra Park, and Edgewood College are located on the Lake's northern shoreline. The majority of the shoreline is publicly owned.

Yahara River
The Yahara River is a tributary of the Rock River in southern Wisconsin. It is about 62 miles (100 km) long (including the distance across intervening lakes), and drains an area of 536 square miles (1,390 km2). Via the Rock River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. The Yahara River links the lakes around which the city of Madison was built.
Red Cliffs Mall
Red Cliffs Mall is a shopping mall in St. George, Utah, United States that opened in 1990. It is the only major indoor shopping center between Las Vegas, Nevada and the Wasatch Front, located on Red Cliffs Drive, adjacent to Interstate 15. Managed by Brookfield Properties, the mall features Dillard's, JCPenney, Barnes & Noble, AL's Sporting Goods, and H&M as its anchor stores as well as 60-plus major retailers. Newer tenants as of 2025 include Sixteen and Not Enough Nelsons sweets & donuts shop.

Brookfield Properties
Brookfield Properties is a North American subsidiary of commercial real estate firm Brookfield Property Partners, which itself is a subsidiary of alternative asset management company Brookfield Corporation. It is responsible for the asset management of the company's real estate portfolio, including office, multi-family residential, retail, hospitality, and logistics buildings.

The assets of shopping mall operator GGP were integrated into Brookfield Properties after its acquisition by Brookfield Property Partners in 2018. Brookfield reverted to the GGP brand for its American retail business in 2026, thus, GGP is considered a subsidiary of Brookfield Properties. As of 2024, Brookfield Properties operates corporate offices in nine countries around the world, including China, India, Germany and the U.S.
St. John Henry Newman Catholic Church (Toronto)
St. John Henry Newman Catholic Church, or Newman Chapel (formerly St. Thomas Aquinas Church), is a Roman Catholic church within the St. George campus of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was built in 1926-1927 as a chapel for the Newman Centre next door. In 1995, it became a quasi-parish church. It is situated on the corner of Hoskin Avenue and St. George Street in Toronto, next to Massey College.

Versus populum
Versus populum (Latin for "towards the people") is the liturgical stance of a priest who, while celebrating Mass, faces the people from the other side of the altar. The opposite stance, that of a priest facing in the same direction as the people, is today called ad orientem (literally, "towards the east" − even if the priest is really facing in some other direction) or ad apsidem ("towards the apse" − even if the altar is unrelated to the apse of the church or even if the church or chapel has no apse).

In the early history of Christianity it was considered the norm to pray facing the geographical east. From the middle of the 17th century, almost all new Roman Rite altars were built against a wall or backed by a reredos, with a tabernacle placed on the main altar or inserted into the reredos. This meant that the priest turned to the people, putting his back to the altar, for a few short moments at Mass.
31 Combat Engineer Regiment (The Elgin's)
31 Combat Engineer Regiment (31 CER or "The Elgin's"), is a combat engineer regiment of the Canadian Military Engineers. It is part of 31 Canadian Brigade Group of the 4th Canadian Division. It consists of two squadrons: 48 Engineer Squadron in Waterloo, Ontario, and 7 Engineer Squadron in St. Thomas, Ontario.

4th Canadian Division
The 4th Canadian Division is a formation of the Canadian Army. It is currently responsible for Canadian Army operations in the Canadian province of Ontario and is headquartered at Denison Armoury in Toronto. The division was first created as a formation of the Canadian Corps during the First World War. During the Second World War the division was reactivated as the 4th Canadian Infantry Division in 1941 and then converted to armour and redesignated as the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division. Beginning in 1916 the division adopted a distinctive green-coloured formation patch as its insignia. In 2013 it was announced that Land Force Central Area would be redesignated 4th Canadian Division.