hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rma script
The Rma script (Northern Qiang: Rrmea bapa) is an alphabet with some abugida-like features devised for the Qiang language, spoken in Sichuan Province in the southwest of China. It was finalized in 2017 by scholar Wei Jiuqiao.

The script fits the phonology of the standardized language of the Northern Qiang variety of Qugu, officially written with the Roman script using the Qiang Phonetic Alphabet Scheme. Whereas Northern Qiang varieties have length contrasts, Southern Qiang varieties have phonemic tone contrasts; thus a version with tonal diacritics has also been produced, and has been used for the Southern Qiang variety of Luobuzhai (Chinese: 萝卜寨; pinyin: Luóbozhài) in Wenchuan County. It has gained substantial recognition among the Qiang people, and various books have been published in it.

In 2022, a preliminary proposal was made to encode this system in the Universal Character Set of Unicode.

Zero consonant
In orthography, a zero consonant, silent initial, or null-onset letter is a consonant letter that does not correspond to a consonant sound, but is required when a word or syllable starts with a vowel (i.e. has a null onset). Some abjads, abugidas, and alphabets have zero consonants, generally because they have an orthographic rule that all syllables must begin with a consonant letter, whereas the language they transcribe allows syllables to start with a vowel. In a few cases, such as Pahawh Hmong below, the lack of a consonant letter represents a specific consonant sound, so the lack of a consonant sound requires a distinct letter to disambiguate.
Oper am Brühl
51°20′32.5″N 12°22′47.9″E﻿ / ﻿51.342361°N 12.379972°E﻿ / 51.342361; 12.379972

The Oper am Brühl (also Barockoper Leipzig) was the first opera house in Leipzig. It existed from 1693 to 1720 and was the second municipal music theatre in Germany, after the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. It was initiated by Nicolaus Adam Strungk who saw a potential audience during the three annual trade fairs in Leipzig. An opera house was built, and opened on 8 May 1693. The house flourished when Georg Philipp Telemann directed the opera from 1703 to 1705. Among his operas for the house is Germanicus, premiered in 1704. A collection of 100 excerpts from the operas, Musicalische Rüstkammer, has been explored for background. The building was found in a dangerous state in 1719, was closed in 1720 and demolished in 1729.

Michael Maul
Michael Maul (born 1978) is a German musicologist noted for his work on Johann Sebastian Bach. Maul was born in Leipzig, and is still based in the city, although his work at the Bach Archive has involved travel to archives and libraries elsewhere to explore sources relating to Bach. He is also artistic director of Leipzig's annual Bach festival.
Total ring of fractions
In abstract algebra, the total quotient ring or total ring of fractions is a construction that generalizes the notion of the field of fractions of an integral domain to commutative rings R that may have zero divisors. The construction embeds R in a larger ring, giving every non-zero-divisor of R an inverse in the larger ring.  If the homomorphism from R to the new ring is to be injective, no further elements can be given an inverse.

Multiplicatively closed set
In abstract algebra, a multiplicatively closed set (or multiplicative set) is a subset S of a ring R such that the following two conditions hold:

,

for all .

In other words, S is closed under taking finite products, including the empty product 1.
Equivalently, a multiplicative set is a submonoid of the multiplicative monoid of a ring.

Multiplicative sets are important especially in commutative algebra, where they are used to build localizations of commutative rings.

A subset S of a ring R is called saturated if it is closed under taking divisors: i.e., whenever a product xy is in S, the elements x and y are in S too.
Malaysia Federal Route 259
Jalan Sultan Ismail Petra, Federal Route 259 (formerly Kelantan State Route D28), is a federal road in Kelantan, Malaysia. The roads connected Batang Merbau in the west to Tanah Merah in the east. It was named after the 28th Sultan of Kelantan, Sultan Ismail Petra, who reigned from 1979 to 2010.

The kilometre zero of the Federal Route 259 is located at Batang Merbau.

Malaysian Federal Roads System
Malaysian Federal Roads System (Malay: Sistem Jalan Persekutuan Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚联邦公路系统), is the main national road network in Malaysia. All federal roads in Malaysia are under the purview of the Ministry of Works (MOW). According to the Ministerial Functions Act 1969, the MOW is responsible to plan, build and maintain all federal roads gazetted under the Federal Roads Act 1959. However, most of the Federal roads' projects were built and maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department (Jambatan Kerja Raya, JKR), which is also one of the implementing agencies under the MOW (with the exception of Sabah and Sarawak, whereby JKR in these two states is under respective state government).
Somebody Else's Child
Somebody Else's Child is a book written by Terris McMahan Grimes and published by Onyx on 1 March 1996 which later went on to win the Anthony Award for Best Paperback Original in 1997 and tied for the Best First Novel in the same year.

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.
CenterTelecom
CenterTelecom (Open Joint-Stock Company Central Telecommunication Company, Russian: ОАО «Центртелеком») was a fixed-line telecommunications service provider and Internet service provider in Russia. It was ranked 5th among Russian telecom companies, after Rostelecom, MTS, Vympelcom and MegaFon. Svyazinvest Holding Company held 50.69% of CenterTelecom's voting stock. CenterTelecom was listed on the MICEX and RTS stock exchanges under the ticker symbol ESMO.

MTS (telecommunications)
MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) (Russian: МТС «Мобильные ТелеСистемы») is the largest telecommunications company and mobile network operator in Russia and Belarus, headquartered in Moscow, operating on GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G standards. Apart from cellular network, the company also offers local telephone service, broadband, mobile television, cable television, satellite television and digital television.

As of Q3 2024, the company serves over 87.6 million subscribers in Russia (81.9 million) and Belarus (5.7 million). MTS had previously operated in Uzbekistan until 2012, Turkmenistan until 2017, Ukraine until 2019 and Armenia until 2024.
Knowie
Knowie [ˈknɔvjɛ] (German: Kienhof) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzchowo, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) east of Wierzchowo, 35 km (22 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 115 km (71 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Wierzchowo, Drawsko County
Wierzchowo [vjɛʂˈxɔvɔ] (formerly German Virchow) is a village in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wierzchowo. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1945 the area was part of Prussia. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 1,500.
Asian Tour 2014/2015 – Event 1
The Asian Tour 2014/2015 – Event 1 (also known as the 2014 Yixing Open) was a professional minor-rankingsnooker tournament that took place between 17 and 21 June 2014 at the Yixing Sports Centre in Yixing, China.

Joe Perry was the defending champion, but he lost 1–4 against Ding Junhui in the last 16.

Ding won his 17th professional title by defeating Michael Holt 4–2 in the final.

Yixing Open
The Yixing Open was a pro–am minor-ranking snooker tournament which is part of the Players Tour Championship. The tournament started in 2013 and was staged at the Yixing Sports Centre in Yixing, China. Ding Junhui was the last champion.
Grace Fisk
Grace Rebecca Fisk (born 5 January 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender and captains Women's Super League club Liverpool. She has represented England youth team and since 2020 has been call up to the England national team though remains uncapped.

SEC women's soccer tournament
The SEC women's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in college soccer for the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The tournament has been held every year since 1993. It is a single-elimination tournament with seeding based on conference records and the regular-season champion hosting the semifinal and final matches. The field expanded from four to six teams in its second season, 1994, and then to eight teams in 1996. The tournament expanded again to 10 teams in 2012 and then further to 12 teams after the SEC expanded in 2024. The winner is declared conference champion and receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I women's soccer championship.
Table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Table tennis was a sport at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo (postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and featured 173 table tennis players. Table tennis had appeared at the Summer Olympics on eight previous occasions beginning with the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Table tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Table tennis was first included in the Olympic program at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, with four events contested. Prior to the 1988 Summer Olympics, Table tennis has been held at the Summer Paralympic Games since they were first held in 1960.
HP 200LX
The HP 200LX Palmtop PC (F1060A, F1061A, F1216A), also known as Project Felix, is a personal digital assistant introduced by Hewlett-Packard in August 1994. It was often called a Palmtop PC, and it was notable that it was, with some minor exceptions, a DOS-compatible computer in a palmtop format, complete with a monochrome graphic display, QWERTY keyboard, serial port, and PCMCIA expansion slot. The abbreviation "LX" stood for "Lotus Expandable".

Intel 8088
The Intel 8088 ("eighty-eighty-eight", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086. Introduced on June 1, 1979, the 8088 has an eight-bit external data bus instead of the 16-bit bus of the 8086. The 16-bit registers and the one megabyte address range are unchanged, however. In fact, according to the Intel documentation, the 8086 and 8088 have the same execution unit (EU)—only the bus interface unit (BIU) is different. The 8088 was used in the original IBM PC and in IBM PC compatible clones.
James Durrant (Australian Army officer)
Major General James Murdoch Archer Durrant, CMG, DSO (17 March 1885 – 17 September 1963) was a senior officer in the Australian Army.

Durrant was born in Glenelg, South Australia and enlisted on 1 July 1907 at Lawley, South Australia, service number QP20006. He was appointed captain in the 13th Battalion on 20 December 1914, major on 2 May 1915 and lieutenant colonel on 20 August 1916. On 1 October 1919 he was Staff Officer in charge Repatriation and Demobilisation Department.

In 1939 Durrant was District Officer Commanding 5th Military District and in 1942 he was General Officer Commanding Queensland Lines of Communication Area. He was discharged 5 April 1944.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Persian: طبرستان, romanized: Ṭabarestān; Mazanderani: تبرستون, romanized: Tabarestun; from Middle Persian: , Tapur(i)stān) was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th century onwards.

Wilferd Madelung
Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung FBA (26 December 1930 – 9 May 2023) was a German author and scholar of Islamic history widely recognised for his contributions to the fields of Islamic and Iranian studies. He was appreciated in Iran for his "knowledgeable and fair" treatment of the Shia perspective. In the obituary of the Institute of Ismaili Studies (London) where Madelung worked his last years, it reads: "With particular reference to religious schools and movements in early Islam, his studies, based on a vast array of primary sources, have enriched the discipline’s understanding of almost every major Muslim movement and community – not only early Imami Shi‘ism and the later developments of Twelver, Ismaili and Zaydi Islam but also the lesser known aspects of Sunni, Khariji and the Mu‘tazili schools of theology and philosophy."
Beetle (solitaire)
Beetle is a difficult patience or solitaire card game  using two decks of playing cards.  The game is similar to Spider, except the Tableau cards are faced up.  The object of the game is to group all of the cards into sets of 13 in suit.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Agent in Place
Agent in Place is an action thriller novel by Mark Greaney, published on February 20, 2018 by Berkley Books. It is the seventh book in the Gray Man series, featuring assassin and CIA operative Court Gentry. The novel places Gentry at the forefront of the civil war in Syria, as he helps a group of expatriates take down the Syrian president's brutal regime. The book debuted at number seven at the New York Times bestseller list.

General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)
The General Intelligence Directorate (Arabic: إِدَارَةُ الْمُخَابَرَاتِ الْعَامَّةِ, romanized: ʾIdārat al-Mukhābarāt al-ʿAmmāh), also known as the General Security Directorate or Syrian GID, was the most important civil intelligence service of former Ba'athist Syria and played an important role of suppressing the people of Syria for the government's interests. The General Intelligence Directorate conducted an oppressive surveillance of the Syrian population, directed foreign intelligence and monitored activities in Lebanon on behalf of Hezbollah until its dissolution in December 2024.
Tarbock
Tarbock is a village and former civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. It is situated to the south east of Huyton and to the east of Netherley. The village itself is 6 miles (9.7 km) from Liverpool city centre, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Widnes and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Prescot. The M62 motorway junction 6 is in the area and is more familiarly called Tarbock Island. At the 2001 Census, the population of Tarbock was 2,382 (1,146 males, 1,236 females). The parish was abolished on 1 April 2014.

Cronton
Cronton is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, in England. The village is surrounded by green belt land. Over the county border in Cheshire, Widnes town centre is 2.3 miles (3.7 km) to the south-southeast.
Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.

Laurea
In Italy, the laurea is the main post-secondary academic degree. The name originally referred literally to the laurel wreath, since ancient times a sign of honor and now worn by Italian students right after their official graduation ceremony and sometimes during the graduation party. A graduate is known as a laureato, literally "crowned with laurel" and is awarded the title of dottore, or Doctor.
Patent box
A patent box is a special very low corporate tax regime used by several countries to incentivise research and development by taxing patent revenues differently from other commercial revenues. It is also known as intellectual property box regime, innovation box or IP box. Patent boxes have also been used as base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) tools, to avoid corporate taxes.

Royalty payment
A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an item of such, but there are also other modes and metrics of compensation. A royalty interest is the right to collect a stream of future royalty payments.

A license agreement defines the terms under which a resource or property are licensed by one party ( party means the periphery behind it) to another, either without restriction or subject to a limitation on term, business or geographic territory, type of product, etc. License agreements can be regulated, particularly where a government is the resource owner, or they can be private contracts that follow a general structure. However, certain types of franchise agreements have comparable provisions.
La Esmeralda (opera)
La Esmeralda is a grand opera in four acts composed by Louise Bertin. The libretto was written by Victor Hugo, who had adapted it from his 1831 novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame). The opera premiered at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique in Paris on 14 November 1836 with Cornélie Falcon in the title role. Despite the lavish production, the premiere was a failure, and La Esmeralda proved to be the last opera composed by Bertin, although she lived for another 40 years.

Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
Molla Ali, Qazvin
Molla Ali (Persian: ملاعلي, also Romanized as Mollā ‘Alī and Mulla-Ali) is a village in Kuhgir Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 16 families.

Kuhgir Rural District
Kuhgir Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوهگير) is in Tarom-e Sofla District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kuhgir-e Sofla, which was the capital of Niyarak Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Niyarak.
North-Eastern District (South Australian Legislative Council)
North-Eastern District was an electoral district for the Legislative Council of South Australia from 1882 until 1912. It was then renamed to Midland District and continued until 1975 when the separate districts were abolished and the state elects members to the Legislative Council as a single district since that time.

At its creation, the North-Eastern District elected six of the 24 members of the Legislative Council. Following the 1902 reduction in the size of the parliament, it elected 4 of 18 (20 after 1915) members. Its initial extent was the House of Assembly districts of Yatala, Gumeracha, Barossa, Wooroora, Light and Burra.

The Midland district included the Assembly districts of Barossa, Wooroora and Wallaroo thus including Yorke Peninsula (which had been in the Northern District) but giving up the Burra area.

Electoral district of Burra
Burra was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1875 to 1902, and again from 1938 to 1970.

After a boundary redistribution in 1902, it was replaced by Electoral district of Burra Burra. When it was recreated in 1938, the polling booths were: Aberdeen (later north Burra), Andrews, Belalie North, Black Springs, Booborowie, Bright, Canowie Belt, Emu Downs, Farrell's Flat, Hallett, Hanson, Jamestown, Kooringa, Leighton, Mannanarie, Mongolata Goldfields, Mount Bryan, Mount Bryan East, Spalding, Washpool, Willalo, World's End.

The town of Burra is currently located in the safe Liberal seat of Stuart.
Alexey Georgievich Kabanov
Alexey Georgievich Kabanov (Алексей Георгиевич Кабанов; 15 October 1890–1972) was a Russian revolutionary, a former member of the Imperial Life Guard turned Bolshevik, member of the Cheka and a participant in the murder of the Romanov family.

Edvard Radzinsky
Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky (Russian: Э́двард Станисла́вович Радзи́нский; born September 23, 1936) is a Russian historian, playwright, television personality, and screenwriter. He authored more than forty history books that are popular in Russia.
2025 Kamchatka Krai gubernatorial election
The 2025 Kamchatka Krai gubernatorial election took place on 12–14 September 2025, on common election day. Incumbent Governor of Kamchatka Krai Vladimir Solodov was re-elected to a second term in office.

Governor of Kamchatka Krai
The Governor of Kamchatka Krai (Russian: Губернатор Камчатского края) is the governor of Kamchatka Krai, a federal subject of Russia.

The governor is the highest-ranking official and head of administration of the government of Kamchatka Krai, and is elected for a five-year term that is renewable once consecutively. The office of Governor of Kamchatka Krai was established when Kamchatka Krai was formed on 1 July 2007 as a result of the unification of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug.

The current governor is Vladimir Solodov of United Russia who took office on 3 April 2020.