hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gottlob Johann Christian Kunth
Gottlob Johann Christian Kunth (12 June 1757 in Baruth – 22 November 1829 in Berlin) was a German politician and educator. Today he is known above all as the tutor and fatherly friend of the brothers Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt.

Wilhelm von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1949, the university was named after him and his younger brother, Alexander von Humboldt, a naturalist.

He was a linguist who made contributions to the philosophy of language, ethnolinguistics, and to the theory and practice of education. He made a major contribution to the development of liberalism by envisioning education as a means of realizing individual possibility rather than a way of drilling traditional ideas into youth to suit them for an already established occupation or social role. In particular, he was the architect of the Humboldtian education ideal, which was used from the beginning in Prussia as a model for its system of public education, as well as in the United States and Japan. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1822.
Indazole
Indazole, also called isoindazole, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and pyrazole.

Indazole is an amphoteric molecule which can be protonated to an indazolium cation or deprotonated to an indazolate anion. The corresponding pKa values are 1.04 for the equilibrium between indazolium cation and indazole and 13.86 for the equilibrium between indazole and indazolate anion.

Indazole derivatives display a broad variety of biological activities.

Indazoles are rare in nature. The alkaloids nigellicine, nigeglanine, and nigellidine are indazoles. Nigellicine was isolated from the widely distributed plant Nigella sativa L. (black cumin). Nigeglanine was isolated from extracts of Nigella glandulifera.

The Davis–Beirut reaction can generate 2H-indazoles.

Indazole, C7H6N2, was obtained by E. Fischer (Ann. 1883, 221,
p. 280) by heating ortho-hydrazine cinnamic acid,

Pyrazole
Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest.  Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.
Standard-definition television
Standard-definition television (SDTV; also standard definition or SD) is a digital television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high or enhanced definition. Standard refers to offering a similar resolution to the analog broadcast systems used when it was introduced.

Broadcast television systems
Broadcast television systems (or terrestrial television systems outside the US and Canada) are the encoding or formatting systems for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals.

Analog television systems were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1961, with each system designated by a letter (A-N) in combination with the color standard used (NTSC, PAL or SECAM) - for example PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.). These analog systems for TV broadcasting dominated until the 2000s.

With the introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT), they were replaced by four main systems in use around the world: ATSC, DVB, ISDB and DTMB.
Icelandic annals
Icelandic annals are chronological manuscript records of events mainly of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in and around Iceland, though some, like the Oddverjaannáll and the Lögmannsannáll reach the fifteenth century, and the Gottskálks annáll even reaches the seventeenth.

Icelandic annals include:

Annales vetustissimi or Forni annáll (ca. 1310)

Konungsannáll, also Annales regii or Þingeyraannáll (ca. 1300–1328)

Skálholtannáll (ca. 1362), including the Skálholtfragmentet (ca. 1360–1380)

Lögmannsannáll (1362–1390), including its continuation, Nýi annáll (ca. 1575–1600)

Flateyjarannáll (ca. 1387–1395)

Gottskálksannáll (ca. 1550–1660)

Resensannáll or Annales Reseniani (ca. 1700)

Oddaverjaannáll (ca. 1540–1591)

Skálholtannáll
Skálholtannáll (from Old Norse: Skálholt Annals) is a medieval Icelandic manuscript preserved as manuscript AM 420 at the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. It takes its name from Skálholt where a copy of the annals was found along with two copies of Lögmannsannáll. The annals cover a historical period from the first entry in the year 140 through the last in 1356, although it is presumed that the original contains entries beginning with the birth of Christ, but today that is still only a conjecture. The copy of Skálholtannáll was dated to 1362, but its content shows that, although it is written by a single author, it may be that two participants interacted in the original; the entries between 1349 and 1356 are briefer, demonstrating a different style compared to the rest of the entries.
Snubber
A snubber is a device used to suppress ("snub") a phenomenon such as voltage transients in electrical systems, pressure transients in fluid systems (caused by for example water hammer) or excess force or rapid movement in mechanical systems.

Surge protector
A surge protector, spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, surge protection device (SPD), transient voltage suppressor (TVS), or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes with very short duration measured in microseconds, which can arise from a variety of causes including lightning strikes in the vicinity.

A surge protector limits the voltage supplied to the electrical devices to a certain threshold by short-circuiting current to ground or absorbing the spike when a transient occurs, thus avoiding damage to the devices connected to it.

Key specifications that characterize this device are the clamping voltage, or the transient voltage at which the device starts functioning, the joule rating, a measure of how much energy can be absorbed per surge, and the response time.
Hans Broge
Hans Broge (4 December 1822 – 25 March 1908) was a Danish merchant, politician, Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog and recipient of the Danish Medal of Merit. He became one of the most prominent Danish businessmen of his time and helped establish companies that became major and long-lasting enterprises. Broge particularly affected the city of Aarhus as a major employer and philanthropist and through his tenure on the city council but he also served on the Council of the State for a short period. Broge greatly expanded exports to England and did significant work in training and educating farmers to produce higher quality products. Hans Broge became known as "King Hans" or "King of the Jutes" (Danish: Jydernes Konge) due to his dominant position in the economy of Jutland.

Aarhus Cathedral
Aarhus Cathedral (Danish: Århus Domkirke) is a cathedral in Aarhus, Denmark. It is the longest and tallest church in the country, at 93 m (305 ft) in length and 96 m (315 ft) in height.

The construction of Aarhus Cathedral began in the 12th century and it is the main edifice of the diocese of Aarhus for the Church of Denmark, dedicated to the patron saint of sailors, St Clemens. The cathedral is situated on the port side of the central square of Store Torv (Large Square), with address "Domkirkepladsen 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark" in the inner city. The church can seat around 1200 people.

Aarhus Cathedral is a listed building and was designated 1 February 2012.
Chari-Baguirmi (province)
11°24′N 16°10′E﻿ / ﻿11.400°N 16.167°E﻿ / 11.400; 16.167

Chari-Baguirmi (Arabic: شاري باقرمي) is one of the 23 provinces of Chad. Its capital is Massenya. It is composed of part of the former Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture (sub-prefectures of Massenya and Bousso) and parts of the sub-prefecture of N'Djamena).

Provinces of Chad
The Republic of Chad is divided into 23 provinces.

Chad was divided into regions in 2002. It was previously divided into prefectures, and then departments.

On 10 August 2018, a new ordinance divided Chad into 23 provinces, 95 departments, and 365 communes. The names of the former regions remained the same but were now called provinces. On 4 July 2024, a new ordinance further divided the 23 provinces into 120 departments and 454 sub-prefectures.

Until 2025, the leaders of the provinces of Chad were known as governors. They are now called delegates general of the government.
Compass, Inc.
Compass, Inc. operates a residential real estate brokerage in the United States. It has approximately 33,000 agents, who are generally independent contractors, on its platform. It operates under many brand names including Compass, Better Homes and Gardens Real Estate, Century 21 Real Estate, Coldwell Banker, Corcoran Group, Sotheby's International Realty, and Christie's International Real Estate.

In 2024, the company completed 205,122 transactions for a gross dollar value of $216.8 billion. It had a market share in the U.S. of 4.95%.

Sotheby's International Realty
Sotheby's International Realty is a luxury real estate brokerage firm. It was founded in 1976 by Sotheby's fine art dealers. Sotheby's International Realty operates as a franchise focusing on brokering and marketing of residential real estate.

As of 2025, the Sotheby's International Realty network had more than 26,000 sales associates in 1,100 offices in 84 countries and territories worldwide.
Penang Skills Development Centre
The Penang Skills Development Centre (abbrev. PSDC) is a nonprofit skills training institute in the Malaysian state of Penang. It was created in 1989 through a public–private partnership involving the Penang state government, the private sector and Universiti Sains Malaysia. PSDC functions as an industry-led organisation focused on human resource development, catering to both the manufacturing and services sectors in Penang. The institute offers training programs designed by the private sector to align with the human resource needs of the state.

Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone
The Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone (Bayan Lepas FIZ) is a free trade zone within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located adjacent to the Penang International Airport and 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the city centre, it is a high-tech industrial park widely regarded as the Silicon Valley of the East.

Created in 1972 as Malaysia's first free trade zone, the Bayan Lepas FIZ played a critical role in Penang's economic diversification and is now home to various multinational corporations, including Bosch, Motorola, Dell, Intel and Hewlett-Packard.
1938–39 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1938–39 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team represented Villanova University during the 1970–71 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Alex Severance and played its home games on campus at Villanova Field House in Villanova, Pennsylvania.

The independent Wildcats reached the program's first Final Four during the first-ever NCAA tournament before falling to Ohio State, 53–36, in the National semifinals. Villanova finished with a 20–5 (.800) record.

1938–39 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 1938–39 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1938–39 NCAA men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Harold Olsen and they played their home games at the Fairgrounds Coliseum. Ohio State finished Big Ten play atop the standings with a 10–2 record. The Buckeyes were one of eight teams selected to play in the inaugural NCAA tournament where they finished runner-up after losing to Oregon in the championship game.
Mahesh Gawli
Mahesh Gawli (born 23 January 1980) is an Indian football coach and former footballer who played as a centre-back and represented the India national football team on 68 occasions between 2000 and 2011.

2011 SAFF Championship
The 2011 South Asian Football Federation Championship, sponsored by Karbonn Mobiles and officially named Karbonn SAFF Championship 2011, was the 9th tournament of the SAFF Championship, which held in New Delhi, India.
Syria national football team records and statistics
The following is a list of the Syria national football team's competitive records and statistics. Their first international match was played on 19 April 1942 in Beirut against Lebanon, winning 2–1. The team they have played the most is Jordan, with a total of 40 matches played.

Syria national football team
The Syria national football team (Arabic: منتخب سُورِيَا لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Syria in international football, and is controlled by the Syrian Arab Federation for Football, the governing body for football in Syria. Syria has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but did reach the fourth qualification round in 2018. The team was banned by FIFA from playing at home since December 2010. Internationally, Syria won the 2012 WAFF Championship, 1957 Arab Games and the 1987 Mediterranean Games.
Estenstadmarka
Estenstadmarka is a hilly, forested area east-southeast of the city center of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is mainly used for recreation by the population of Trondheim. There are several gravel tracks, and electrically lit tracks for cross country skiing in the winter season. There are also several lakes, and a cabin (Estenstadhytta, 329 m.a.s.l.). There is a fine view over the city and fjord below from the Månen viewpoint.

Estenstadmarka is bounded by the lake Jonsvannet in the east.

The NTNU campus at Dragvoll is located near Estenstadmarka.

Dragvoll
Dragvoll is a neighborhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. The neighborhood is located in the borough of Lerkendal in Trondheim Municipality. The area hosts the campus for the faculties of social sciences and humanities of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Until the 1996 creation of NTNU, it was the social sciences and humanities campus of the Norwegian College of General Sciences.
Geography of Turkey
The Anatolian side of Turkey is the largest portion in the country that bridges southeastern Europe and west Asia. East Thrace, the European portion of Turkey comprises 3% of the landmass but over 15% of the population. East Thrace is separated from Asia Minor, the Asian portion of Turkey, by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. İskilip, Çorum province, is considered to be the geographical center of Earth. Turkey is very vulnerable to earthquakes.

Pontic Mountains
The Pontic Mountains or Pontic Alps (Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Dağları, meaning 'North Anatolian Mountains'), form a mountain range in northern Anatolia, Turkey. They are also known as the "Parhar Mountains" in the local Turkish and Pontic Greek languages. The term Parhar originates from a Hittite word meaning 'high' or 'summit'. In ancient Greek, the mountains were called the Paryadres or Parihedri Mountains.
Thomsen Islands
Thomsen Islands (65°47′S 66°16′W﻿ / ﻿65.783°S 66.267°W﻿ / -65.783; -66.267) is a group of small islands lying 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southwest of Speerschneider Point, off the west side of Renaud Island in the Biscoe Islands. First accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 for Helge Thomsen, Danish meteorologist, who, for a number of years beginning in 1946, was responsible for editing Dansk Meteorologisk Institut's annual reports on the state of the sea ice in the Arctic.

Renaud Island
Renaud Island is an ice-covered island in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica, 40 km (25 mi) long and from 6.4 to 16.1 km (4 to 10 mi) (average 11.3 km (7 mi)) wide, lying between the Pitt Islands and Rabot Island. It is separated from the Pitt Islands to the northeast by Mraka Sound, and from Lavoisier Island to the southwest by Pendleton Strait.
Fierbinți-Târg
Fierbinți-Târg is a town in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania. The town administers three villages: Fierbinții de Jos, Fierbinții de Sus, and Grecii de Jos.

The town is located in the western part of the county, bordering on Ilfov County. It is 27.6 km (17.1 mi) from Urziceni and 44.8 km (27.8 mi) from Bucharest.

The Fierbinți-Târg train station serves the CFR Main Line 700, which connects Bucharest to Brăila, Galați and the border with Moldova at Giurgiulești.

Las Fierbinți, one of Romania's best known television series, is filmed in the town.

Brăila
Brăila (/brəˈiːlə/, also US: /-lɑː/, Romanian: [brəˈila] ⓘ) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Brăila County. The Sud-Est Regional Development Agency is headquartered in the city.

According to the 2021 Romanian census, Brăila had a population of 154,686 inhabitants, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania and the 9th largest on the Danube. The city's current mayor is Viorel Marian Dragomir of the PSD.
William Angus (British politician)
William Angus (3 December 1841 – 6 July 1912) was a British Liberal Party activist.

Born at Matfen High House, near Corbridge in Northumberland, Angus was educated privately, and at Croft House in Brampton, Carlisle.  He later ran a carriage building company in Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  He argued that the novelty of the motor car would wear away, and horse-drawn carriages would increase in popularity, particularly for leisure use.

Angus became prominent in the Baptist Church, and also in the Newcastle Liberal Party.  He was knighted in 1907, and in 1908 was elected as the President of the National Liberal Federation, serving until 1911.  He died in 1912, aged 70.

President of the Liberal Party
This is a list of people who served as president of the British Liberal Party. The Liberal Party merged into the Liberal Democrats in 1988.

The post was established in 1877 as president of the National Liberal Federation.  In 1936, this body was replaced by the Liberal Party Organisation, which survived until 1988.
No. 17 Squadron PAF
The No. 17 Squadron nicknamed Tigers, is an air superiority squadron of the Pakistan Air Force's Northern Air Command. It is currently deployed at Peshawar Air Base and operates the Chengdu F-7PG aircraft.

PAF Base Masroor
Pakistan Air Force Base Masroor or more simply PAF Base Masroor (ICAO: OPMR) is the largest airbase operated by the Pakistan Air Force. It is located in the Mauripur area of Karachi, in the Sindh province.

The base was originally known as RIAF Base Mauripur (1940-47), RPAF Station Mauripur (1947-56), and after 23 March 1956, as PAF Station Mauripur.

PAF Base Faisal and PAF Base Bholari are the other Pakistan Air Force bases in Karachi.
EME (drug)
EME, also known as 2,5-diethoxy-4-methoxyamphetamine or as TMA2-2,5-DiEtO, is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families related to the psychedelic drug TMA-2. It is the analogue of TMA-2 in which the methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 positions have been replaced with ethoxy groups. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin lists EME's dose and duration as unknown. Shulgin stated that EME has never been tested in humans. The chemical synthesis of EME has been described. EME was first described in the scientific literature by Shulgin in 1968. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Shulgin in PiHKAL in 1991.

2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (2,4,5-TMA), also known as TMA-2 or as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methoxyamphetamine (DOMeO), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) series of positional isomers. The drug is also notable in being the 4-methoxylated member of the DOx (i.e., 4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) series of drugs.
Tayo Creole
Tayo, also known as Saint-Louis Patois (French: patois de Saint-Louis), is a French-based Creole spoken on the outskirts of Nouméa, the capital city of New Caledonia. It is spoken by about 3,000 people in the village of Saint-Louis, about 15 km (9.3 mi) from Nouméa.: 63  The language developed out of the contact of speakers of many different Kanak languages in the mission, and the use of French for official purposes and as the language of prestige.: 61  The language contains structural elements primarily from Melanesian languages and lexical elements mainly from French.: 62

Possession (linguistics)
In linguistics, possession is an asymmetric relationship between two constituents, the referent of one of which (the possessor) in some sense possesses (owns, has as a part, rules over, etc.) the referent of the other (the possessed).

Possession may be marked in many ways, such as simple juxtaposition of nouns, possessive case, possessed case, construct state (as in Arabic and Nêlêmwa), or adpositions (possessive suffixes, possessive adjectives). For example, English uses a possessive clitic, 's; a preposition, of; and adjectives, my, your, his, her, etc.

Predicates denoting possession may be formed either by using a verb (such as the English have) or by other means, such as existential clauses (as is usual in languages such as Russian).

Some languages have more than two possessive classes. In Papua New Guinea, for example, the Anêm language has at least 20 and the Amele language has 32.
Perceptual asynchrony
Perceptual asynchrony refers to the phenomenon of two simultaneously presented attributes of the visual world being perceived by humans asynchronously instead of simultaneously.

Perceptual asynchrony was first demonstrated in 1997 by Konstantinos Moutoussis and Semir Zeki. The Moutoussis and Zeki provided evidence that people perceive the color and direction of motion of a visual stimulus with a time lag - they may perceive the color before the direction of motion. They quantified this time gap to be between 70 – 80 milliseconds.

Motion perception
Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. Although this process appears straightforward to most observers, it has proven to be a difficult problem from a computational perspective, and difficult to explain in terms of neural processing.

Motion perception is studied by many disciplines, including psychology (i.e. visual perception), neurology, neurophysiology, engineering, and computer science.
Lanvin
Lanvin (French: [lɑ̃vɛ̃]) is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1889 by Jeanne Lanvin in Paris. It is the oldest French fashion house still in operation. Since 2018, it has been a subsidiary of Shanghai-based Lanvin Group.
Lanvin Group  includes Lanvin, Sergio Rossi, Wolford, St. John Knits, and Caruso.

Haute couture
Haute couture is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted high-end fashion design. The term haute couture generally refers to a specific type of upper garment common in Europe during the 16th to the 18th century, or to the upper portion of a modern dress to distinguish it from the skirt and sleeves. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, Paris became the centre of a growing industry that focused on making outfits from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable of sewers—often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Couture is also commonly used on its own as an abbreviation of haute couture, referring to the same concept in spirit.