hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wagner Group activities in Libya
The Wagner Group, also known as PMC Wagner, a Russian paramilitary organization also described as a private military company (PMC), a network of mercenaries, and a de facto unit of the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) or Russia's military intelligence agency, the GRU, has conducted operations in Libya since late 2018.

Pantsir missile system
The Pantsir (Russian: Панцирь, lit. '[body] armour') missile system is a family of self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft artillery systems. Three types of vehicles make up one system: a missile launcher, a radar truck and a command post. Starting with the Pantsir-S1 (Russian: Панцирь-С1, NATO reporting name SA-22 Greyhound) as the first version, it is produced by KBP Instrument Design Bureau of Tula, Russia, and is the successor to the Tunguska M1.

The Pantsir-S1 was designed to provide point air defence of military, industrial and administrative installations against aircraft, helicopters, precision munitions, cruise missiles and UAVs; and to provide additional protection to air defence units against enemy air attacks employing precision munitions, especially at low to extremely low altitudes.
Rhyephenes
Rhyephenes is a genus of beetles in the family Curculionidae (true weevils) native to Chile and neighboring mountains in the Argentine Andes, ranging from the Coquimbo Region in the north to Magallanes Region in the south. In Spanish it is known by the common names burrito and caballito de palo.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Marienwerder (region)
The Marienwerder Region (German: Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder) was a government region (Regierungsbezirk) of Prussia from 1815 until 1920 and again 1939-1945. It was a part of the Province of West Prussia from 1815 to 1829, and again 1878–1920, belonging to the Province of Prussia in the intervening years, and to the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia in the years 1939-1945. The regional capital was Marienwerder in West Prussia (now Kwidzyn).

Grudziądz
Grudziądz ([ˈɡrud͡ʑɔnt͡s] ⓘ; Latin: Graudentum, Graudentium, German: Graudenz) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province.

Grudziądz is one of the oldest cities in north-central Poland, founded by King Bolesław I the Brave over 1000 years ago. The well-preserved Old Town has various Gothic and Baroque landmarks, several included on the European Route of Brick Gothic, most notably the unique Grudziądz Granaries, declared a Historic Monument of Poland. Grudziądz is a former royal city of Poland, and became known as the "City of Uhlans" being the location of the former Polish Cavalry Training Centre. Situated at the crossroads of important highways, it is a city of industry and services, and a noted centre for water sports and motorcycle speedway racing.
Gambia Ports Authority
The Gambia Ports Authority (GPA) is a government agency responsible for the governance and maintenance of the ports and port facilities of the Gambia, principally that of the Port of Banjul on the Gambia River. The GPA was founded in 1972  and it is a member of the Port Management Association of West and Central Africa. Ports Authority offices are in Banjul.

Principal facilities include the Banjul Wharf and the New Banjul Jetty and Extension; a container terminal, freight terminal, bonded warehouse complex, oil boom, workshops and a document handling centre. Expansion plans include jetty expansion; a new ferry terminal and head office building; new computer cabling and a new car and truck terminal area.

The Ports Authority sponsors Gambia Ports Authority F.C., a Banjul-based football team of the Gambian Championnat National D1.

Gambia River
The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra, French: Fleuve Gambie, Portuguese: Rio Gâmbia) is a major river in West Africa, running 1,120 kilometres (700 mi) from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and The Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul.  It is navigable for about half that length.

The river is strongly associated with The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, which occupies the downstream half of the river and its two banks.
Gustavo De Luca
Carlos Gustavo De Luca (born 13 February 1962) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a forward for various clubs in Argentina, Chile, Peru and Switzerland. In 1982, when he was a River Plate youth player, he fought at the Falklands War.

Campeonato Nacional Primera B
The Campeonato Nacional de la Primera B del Fútbol Profesional Chileno (English: National Championship of the First B of Chilean Professional Football) is the second tier in the Chilean football league system, and is organized by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. It was established in 1952 as Segunda División, and later renamed in 1996 to the current name. Since 1954, automatic promotion to and relegation from the Campeonato Nacional has been granted, although Palestino and Rangers were promoted to the top flight in the first season.
2007 CAR Development Trophy
The 2007 CAR Development Trophy is the fourth edition of second level rugby union tournament in Africa. The competition involves sixteen teams that are divided into two zones (North and South). Each zone is then divided into two pools of four. Each pool winner then qualifies for the final, so there is a winner for both north and south.

African Development Trophy
The African Development Trophy also called CAR Development Trophy is a rugby union tournament consisting of 16 teams played in the continent of Africa, formerly named the CAR Castel Beer Trophy. It is organised by Rugby Africa and was also known as the CAR Super 16. The tournament contains the teams in the second division of African rugby, below those playing in the Africa Cup. The competition is divided into north and south sections with two pools of four in each section. The winners of these pools will go on to play each other in the final where the winner of both north and south will be found.

In 2004, a second division called CAR Development Trophy was renamed the African Development Trophy reserved for U19 national teams.
1976 NCAA Division I football season
The 1976 NCAA Division I football season ended with a championship for the Panthers of the University of Pittsburgh. Led by head coach Johnny Majors (voted the AFCA Coach of the Year), the Pitt Panthers brought a college football championship to the home of the defending pro football champions, the Steelers.  Pitt also had the Heisman Trophy winner, Tony Dorsett; the Panthers had been ranked ninth in the preseason AP poll.

During the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for major college football teams, which became Division I-A in 1978. The NCAA Football Guide, however, did note an "unofficial national champion" based on the top ranked teams in the "wire service" (AP and UPI) polls.  The "writers' poll" by Associated Press (AP) was the most popular, followed by the "coaches' poll" by United Press International) (UPI).  The AP poll consisted of the votes of as many as 62 writers, though not all voted in each poll, and the UPI poll was taken of a 25-member board of coaches.

Tony Dorsett
Anthony Drew Dorsett Sr. (born April 7, 1954) is an American former professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Denver Broncos.

Raised in western Pennsylvania, Dorsett played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers, where he led the Panthers to the national championship as a senior in the 1976 season and won the Heisman Trophy. He was the first-round, second overall draft choice of the Dallas Cowboys in the 1977 NFL draft. Dorsett was the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and played for the team for 11 seasons until 1987. He won a Super Bowl in his rookie season over the Denver Broncos, with whom he spent his final season before retiring due to injuries. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame (1994) and College Football Hall of Fame (1994).
Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers – Group 2
The 1968 Summer Olympics football qualification – Africa Group 2 was one of the three African groups in the Summer Olympics football qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 1968 Summer Olympics football finals tournament in Mexico. Group 2 consisted of six teams: Ethiopia, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sudan Tanzania and Uganda. The teams played home-and-away knockout matches. Nigeria qualified for the Summer Olympics football finals after defeating Ethiopia 3–2 on aggregate in the final round.

Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's African Qualifiers
The African section of the 1968 Summer Olympics football qualification acted as qualifiers for the 1968 Summer Olympics football tournament held in Mexico, for football teams from Africa. Three slots in the final tournament were available for African teams.
J-coupling
In nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, J-couplings (also called spin-spin coupling or indirect dipole–dipole coupling) are mediated through chemical bonds connecting two spins. It is an indirect interaction between two nuclear spins that arises from hyperfine interactions between the nuclei and local electrons. In NMR spectroscopy, J-coupling contains information about relative bond distances and angles. Most importantly, J-coupling provides information on the connectivity of chemical bonds. It is responsible for the often complex splitting of resonance lines in the NMR spectra of fairly simple molecules.

J-coupling is a frequency difference that is not affected by the strength of the magnetic field, so is always stated in Hz.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Lake Belwood
Lake Belwood is a reservoir in East Garafraxa, Dufferin County and Centre Wellington, Wellington County, Ontario, Canada. It is on the Grand River, whose waters were impounded in 1942 by the erection of the Shand Dam for flood control and the generation of hydroelectricity. The community of Belwood is on the north shore of the lake, and only the easternmost portion of the lake is in Dufferin County. Belwood Lake Conservation Area, operated by the Grand River Conservation Authority, surrounds almost the whole lake.

Grand River Conservation Authority
43°22′33.24″N 80°17′8.57″W﻿ / ﻿43.3759000°N 80.2857139°W﻿ / 43.3759000; -80.2857139﻿ (Grand River Conservation Authority Head Office)

The Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA) is a conservation authority in Ontario, Canada. It operates under the Conservation Authorities Act of Ontario. It is a corporate body, through which municipalities, landowners and other organizations work cooperatively to manage the Grand River watershed and natural resources within it.

Created in 1932 as the Grand River Conservation Commission, the GRCA is the oldest water management agency in Canada. It is one of 36 conservation authorities in Ontario and is a member of Conservation Ontario.

The GRCA also owns and manages many conservation areas, parks and trails within the watershed.
Gajuri Rural Municipality
Gajuri (Nepali: गजुरी, romanized: gajuri) is a Gaupalika (Nepali: गाउपालिका, romanized: gaupalika) (Formerly: village development committee) in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. It has a literacy rate of 64.28% (70.30% male and 58.41% female). The city hosts as one of the city with highest literacy rate in the Dhading district. The local body was formed by merging three VDCs namely Gajuri, Pida, Nepal, Kiranchok.

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 10,035 including 4,968 males and 5,067 females, being one of the most populated city in the district. The average household size was 4.51. Besides, it had 2,223 houses in this area. According to the report, out of 2,223 houses, around 1,884 had at least one facility like Radio, Television, Internet, etc.

During the collection of voters data for 2017 Nepalese local elections, the population of Gajuri was calculated to be 27,084.

Dhading Besi
Dhading Besi (Nepali: धादिङ्ग बेसी) is the  headquarter of the Dhading District of Nepal. The town is located within Nilkantha Municipality which is one of  the two municipalities of the district. It is also the administrative center of Nilkantha Municipality. The district also holds all of the major administrative buildings and structures of the district. The largest community college and many other private schools also located in Dhading Besi. The 50 bed Dhading District Hospital also located in Dhading Besi.
Victor Yampolsky
Victor Yampolsky (born 1942) is a Russian-born conductor and the son of pianist Vladimir Yampolsky. He was most recently director of orchestras at Northwestern University's Bienen School of Music, a position he had held from 1984 to 2022. He is the music director emeritus of the Omaha Symphony Orchestra, where he was music director from 1995 to 2004. He also is the music director of the Peninsula Music Festival and the honorary director of the Scotia Festival of Music in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Before his appointment to the Omaha Symphony Orchestra, Yampolsky served as the principal conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra of South Africa and as the resident conductor of the Chicago Civic Orchestra, the training ground for younger musicians under the auspices of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.

Boston Symphony Orchestra
The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Boston. It is the second-oldest orchestra in the United States and one the five major American symphony orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five". Founded by Henry Lee Higginson in 1881, the BSO performs most of its concerts at Boston's Symphony Hall and in the summer performs at Tanglewood.

Since its founding, the orchestra has had 17 music directors, including George Henschel, Serge Koussevitzky, Henri Rabaud, Pierre Monteux, Charles Munch, Erich Leinsdorf, William Steinberg and James Levine. Andris Nelsons is the current music director of the BSO. Seiji Ozawa had held the title of BSO music director laureate. Bernard Haitink had held the title of principal guest conductor of the BSO from 1995 to 2004, then conductor emeritus until his death in 2021. The orchestra has made gramophone recordings since 1917 and has occasionally played on soundtrack recordings for films, including Schindler's List.
Paphiopedilum wenshanense
Paphiopedilum wenshanense is a species of Paphiopedilum in the subgenus Brachypetalum found in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, China.   The plant is found growing in densely shrubby and grassy slopes in limestone areas at elevations between 1000 and 1200 meters.

Paphiopedilum
Paphiopedilum, often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily Cypripedioideae of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The genus is native to Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, southern China, New Guinea and the Solomon and Bismarck Islands. The type species of this genus is Paphiopedilum insigne.

The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs  in horticulture.

Due to their popularity, Paphiopedilums have been ruthlessly gathered and poached from the wild, making them very rare or extinct there. As soon as a new species or population is discovered, poachers will take the plants for orchid collectors who pay large sums of money. Habitat destruction is an additional factor contributing to their rarity.
Hazrat Khizr Mosque
The Hazrat Khizr Mosque is a historical monument in Samarkand, Uzbekistan (mid-19th century); associated with the name of the legendary Islamic prophet Khizr. The building was erected on the site of an ancient mosque (according to the inscription on the mihrab, in 1855). The monument is located opposite the Shah-i-Zinda complex on a hill. In 2018, the mausoleum of the First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov was opened in the territory of the mosque.

Shah-i-Zinda
39°39′47″N 66°59′16″E﻿ / ﻿39.66306°N 66.98778°E﻿ / 39.66306; 66.98778

Shah-i-Zinda (Uzbek: Shohizinda; Persian: شاه زنده, meaning "The Living King") is a necropolis in the north-eastern part of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
2018 Open du Pays d'Aix
The 2018 Open du Pays d'Aix was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aix-en-Provence, France between 7 and 13 May 2018.

Open du Pays d'Aix
The Open Aix Provence Crédit Agricole is a tennis tournament held in Aix-en-Provence, France since 2014. The event is played on outdoor clay courts and is part of the ATP Challenger Tour 175 since 2023.

Diego Schwartzman and Robin Haase were the only two tennis players to win both singles and doubles titles in the same year.
Clothing terminology
Clothing terminology comprises the names of individual  garments and classes of garments, as well as the specialized vocabularies of
the trades that have designed, manufactured, marketed and sold clothing over hundreds of years.

Clothing terminology ranges from the arcane (watchet, a pale blue color name from the 16th century), and changes over time in response to fashion which in turn reflects social, artistic, and political trends.

Sweater
A sweater (North American English) or pullover, also called a jersey or jumper (British English, Hiberno-English and Australian English), is a piece of clothing, typically with long sleeves, made of knitted or crocheted material that covers the upper part of the body. When sleeveless, the garment is often called a slipover,  tank top, or sweater vest.

Sweaters are worn by adults and children, often over a shirt, blouse, T-shirt, or another top, but sometimes next to the skin. Sweaters were traditionally made from wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination of these. There are also seasonal sweaters, including the familiar holiday-themed Christmas sweater.
Two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that uses compression ignition in a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.

In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; fuel is then injected into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite. This delivers a power stroke each time the piston rises and falls, without any need for the additional exhaust and induction strokes of the four-stroke cycle.

Napier Culverin
The Napier Culverin was a licensed built version of the Junkers Jumo 204 six-cylinder vertically opposed liquid-cooled diesel aircraft engine built by D. Napier & Son. The name is derived from the French word, culverin, for an early cannon or musket. First flown in 1938, the engine went into limited production, with testing carried out on a Blackburn Iris V biplane flying-boat aircraft and Fairey IIIF biplane.
Boston Society for Medical Improvement
The Boston Society for Medical Improvement was an elite society of Boston physicians, established in 1828 for "the cultivation of confidence and good feeling between members of the profession; the eliciting and imparting of information upon the different branches of medical science; and the establishment of a Museum and Library of Pathological Anatomy". It held regular meetings until at least 1917.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbr. KONS (Serbo-Croatian: Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika Bosne i Hercegovine), is Bosnia and Herzegovina commission (agency) which declares and registers national heritage monuments/sites, including natural/urban/architectural assembles, immovable and movable heritage of historical and cultural importance to Bosnia and Herzegovina, as an institution at state level.
The sites of exclusively natural heritage are not subject of Annex 8 and the KONS.

National heritage site
A national heritage site is a heritage site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the cultural heritage or history of that country. Usually such sites are listed in a heritage register that is open to the public, and many are advertised by national visitor bureaus as tourist attractions.

Usually such a heritage register list is split by type of feature (natural wonder, ruin, engineering marvel, etc.). In many cases a country may maintain more than one register; there are also registers for entities that span more than one country.
Badh ibn Dustak
Abu ʿAbdullah al-Husayn ibn Dustak al-Harbukhti, Abu Shudjaʿ, or simply Baḍ or Baz (died 991) was a Kurdish tribal leader and one of the most important founders of the Marwanid dynasty through the maternal line.

Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (Kurdish: Farqîn; Ottoman Turkish: ميا فارقين, romanized: Meyafarikîn, Armenian: Սիլվան, romanized: Silvan) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Criticism of Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. has been the subject of criticism and legal action. This includes criticisms of its handling of labor violations at outsourced manufacturing hubs in China, the  environmental impact of its supply chains, tax and monopoly practices, a lack of diversity and women in leadership in corporate and retail roles, labor conditions including the handling of sexual misconduct complaints, and its response to worker organizing.

Eating your own dog food
Eating your own dog food or "dogfooding" is the practice of using one's own products or services. This can be a way for an organization to test its products in real-world usage using product management techniques. Hence dogfooding can act as quality control, and eventually a kind of testimonial advertising. Once in the market, dogfooding can demonstrate developers' confidence in their own products.