hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2022 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland during the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Terrapins played their home games at SECU Stadium in College Park, Maryland, and competed in the Big Ten Conference in the East Division. The team was coached by fourth-year head coach Mike Locksley and finished in fourth place in the East Division. The Terrapins defeated NC State in the Duke's Mayo Bowl to achieve their first back-to-back bowl game wins since 2002-03.

Mike Locksley
Michael Anthony Locksley (born December 25, 1969) is an American college football coach. He is currently the head football coach at the University of Maryland, College Park, a position he has held since 2019.

After serving as an assistant coach for several college football squads, he became the head football coach at the University of New Mexico in 2009, returning to Maryland as an offensive coordinator after his dismissal from New Mexico in 2011. In 2015, Locksley was named the interim head coach at Maryland after Randy Edsall was relieved of his duties. Locksley did not return to Maryland after that season, joining the University of Alabama as an offensive analyst. Locksley was promoted to offensive coordinator for the 2018 season, and that year received the Broyles Award, given to the nation's top assistant coach. Locksley returned to Maryland in December 2018 as head coach, following the firing of D. J. Durkin.
Earl of Darlington
Earl of Darlington is a title that has been created twice, each time in the Peerage of Great Britain. Baroness von Kielmansegg, half-sister of King George I, was made countess of Darlington in 1722. This creation was for life only, and so the title expired on her death in 1725.

The second creation came in 1754 in favour of Henry Vane, 3rd Baron Barnard, who became the first Earl of Darlington.

Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington (c. 1705–1758)

Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington (1726–1792)

William Harry Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington (1766–1842)

In 1827 Lord Darlington was created Marquess of Cleveland and in 1833 Duke of Cleveland.

William Harry Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland (1766–1842)

Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland (1788–1864)

William John Frederick Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland (1792–1864)

Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland (1803–1891)

Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland
Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland (19 April 1803 – 21 August 1891), styled The Honourable Harry Vane until 1827 and Lord Harry Vane from 1827 to 1864, who in 1864 adopted by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Powlett in lieu of Vane, was an English landowner, diplomat and Whig statesman. During the crisis which led to the collapse of Lord Russell's government in 1866 over the question of parliamentary reform, he was considered a possible compromise prime minister in a Whig-Conservative anti-reform coalition government, but such plans came to nothing.
Missouri Route 76
Route 76 is a highway in the west half of southern Missouri running between U.S. Route 60 and U.S. Route 63 at Willow Springs and the Oklahoma state line near Tiff City where it continues as a county road.  It bypasses Branson on the Ozark Mountain High Road and is the namesake of the Branson strip, 76 Country Blvd. The road runs for its entirety through the Missouri Ozarks, and is at times very hilly and curvy.

U.S. Route 160
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a 1,465-mile-long (2,358 km) east–west United States Numbered Highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western terminus of the route is at US 89 five miles (8.0 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern terminus is at US 67 and Missouri 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Its route, if not its number, was made famous in song in 1975, as the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".
Live at the 1963 Monterey Jazz Festival
Live at the 1963 Monterey Jazz Festival is a live album by Miles Davis recorded on September 20, 1963 and released July 31, 2007. Davis searched for new musicians for his quintet, after splitting with saxophonist John Coltrane in 1960. The new quintet consists of saxophonist George Coleman, pianist Herbie Hancock, bassist Ron Carter and drummer Tony Williams. It was recorded at the Monterey Jazz Festival in the early fall of 1963.

Miles Davis Quintet
The Miles Davis Quintet was an American jazz band from 1955 to early 1969 led by Miles Davis. The quintet underwent frequent personnel changes toward its metamorphosis into a different ensemble in 1969. Most references pertain to two distinct and relatively stable bands: the First Great Quintet from 1955 to 1958, and the Second Great Quintet from late 1964 to early 1969, Davis being the only constant throughout.
Trois Chorals
The Trois Chorals are a three-part composition for organ solo by French composer and organist César Franck from 1890. Together with the Quintet (1879), the Prélude, Choral et Fugue (piano, 1884), the Variations symphoniques (piano and orchestra, 1885), the Sonate (violin and piano, 1886) and the Symphonie en ré mineur (1886–1888), among the masterpieces of his late creative period.

The Trois Chorals consist of:

Choral I (in E major)

Choral II (in B minor)

Choral III (in A minor)

Symphonic Variations (Franck)
The Symphonic Variations (Variations symphoniques), M. 46, is a work for piano and orchestra written in 1885 by César Franck.  It has been described as "one of Franck's tightest and most finished works", "a superb blending of piano and orchestra", and "a flawless work and as near perfection as a human composer can hope to get in a work of this nature".  It is a fine example of Franck's use of cyclic unity, with one theme growing into various others. The piano and orchestra share equally in the development of ideas. The work is in F♯ minor (with the last movement in F♯ major). Duration in performance is about fifteen minutes, and the instrumentation is piano solo and orchestra: pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons; four horns; two trumpets; timpani; and strings.
2430 Bruce Helin
2430 Bruce Helin (prov. designation: 1977 VC) is a stony Phocaea asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Eugene Shoemaker at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California, on 8 November 1977. It was later named after Bruce Helin, son of the first discoverer. The S-type asteroid (Sl) has an exceptionally long rotation period of 128 hours and measures approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter.

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Palestine lobby in the United States
The Palestine lobby in the United States is organized by a number of pro-Palestinian advocacy groups seeking to influence the United States government, institutions, and citizens to actively oppose Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories, many of them members or cooperating with the U.S. Campaign for Palestinian Rights. These organizations include peace and anti-war, human rights, anti-Zionist, and Arab- and Muslim-American groups. Groups against occupation also include Jewish Voices for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine, among others.  Their tactics include education, protest, civil disobedience and lobbying.

Jewish Voice for Peace
Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP; Hebrew: קוֹל יְהוּדִי לַשָּׁלוֹם, romanized: Qōl Yəhūḏī la-Ššālōm) is an American anti-Zionist, pro‑Palestinian solidarity, and left-wing advocacy organization. It is critical of Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories, and supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel.

The group was formed in 1996, and as of 2024 had grown to over 32,000 active dues-paying members. Its chapters at Columbia and George Washington universities were suspended in 2024.
Parinda Ranasinghe
K. A. Parinda Ranasinghe  was a Sri Lankan, judge, who was the 38th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. He is also the President of the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation.

Educated at Royal College Colombo, Ranasinghe went on to study law at the Colombo Law College passing out as a lawyer. Thereafter he joined the judicial service. He was succeeded by Herbert Thambiah.

Chief Justice of Sri Lanka
The chief justice of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head of the judiciary of Sri Lanka and the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. Established in 1801, the chief justice is one of ten Supreme Court justices; the other nine are the puisne justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The post was created in 1801. The chief justice is nominated by the Constitutional Council, and appointed by the president. The first chief justice was Codrington Edmund Carrington. The current and 49th chief justice is Padman Surasena.
HEC Paris
HEC Paris (French: École des hautes études commerciales de Paris, lit. 'Paris School of Advanced Business Studies') is a business school and grande école located in Jouy-en-Josas, a southwestern outer suburb of Paris, France. It offers Bachelor, MiM, MSc in International Finance, MBA, EMBA, executive education, professional development, professional certification, and PhD programs.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public university in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991, it was the territory's third institution to be granted university status, and the first university without any precursory existence upon its formation. It occupies a 60-hectare (150-acre) seaside site in Tai Po Tsai, Clear Water Bay Peninsula.

The university is organised into five academic schools: School of Engineering, School of Business and Management, School of Science, School of Humanities and Social Science, and the Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies. In the 2023–24 academic year, it enrolled around 10,000 undergraduates and 6,800 postgraduates, and employed 903 academic staff.
Ab Zalu-ye Kandeh
Ab Zalu-ye Kandeh (Persian: اب زالوكنده, also Romanized as Āb Zālū-ye Kandeh; also known as Āb Zālū) is a village in Tayebi-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 8 families.

Tayebi-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District
Tayebi-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي گرمسيرئ شمالي) is in the Central District of Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Landeh.
Cambrian Caving Council
The Cambrian Caving Council (CCC) (formed 1969) is the national governing body of caving in Wales. It is the national association for caving, representing the interests of caving clubs in Wales, Forest of Dean and the Marches. CCC is a member of, or else is represented at, several organisations including the Natural Resources Wales National Access Forum, and the Welsh Sports Association. The CCC also maintains contact with several other regional and national bodies including various bat groups, Sport Wales, Brecon Beacons National Park Authority, and the other Regional Bodies of the British Caving Association.

Sport Wales
Sport Wales (Welsh: Chwaraeon Cymru) is the national organisation responsible for developing and promoting sport and physical activity in Wales. Working alongside partners such as governing bodies of sport and local authorities, they aim to encourage sporting ambitions in the young and promote championship standards nationally.

They are the main adviser on sporting matters to the Welsh Government and are responsible for distributing National Lottery funds to both elite and grassroots sport in Wales.
Almendres Cromlech
The Cromlech of the Almendres (Portuguese: Cromeleque dos Almendres/Cromeleque na Herdade dos Almendres) is a megalithic complex (commonly known as the Almendres Cromlech), located 4.5 road km WSW of the village of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, in the civil parish of Nossa Senhora da Tourega e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe, municipality of Évora, in the Portuguese Alentejo. The largest existing group of structured menhirs in the Iberian Peninsula (and one of the largest in Europe), this archaeological site consists of several megalithic structures: cromlechs and menhir stones, that belong to the so-called "megalithic universe of Évora", with clear parallels to other cromlechs in Évora District, such as Portela Mogos and the Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech.

Menhir
A menhir (/ˈmɛnhɪər/; from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' sizes can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top.

Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers.
Analog passthrough
Analog passthrough is a feature found on some digital-to-analog television converter boxes. Boxes without the analog passthrough feature only allow older, analog-only TVs to view digital TV. Those with analog pass-through allow both digital and analog television to be viewed on older TVs.

Before digital television, passthrough originally existed in VCRs (and later PVRs and DVDRs) that connected to a TV set using RF connector, allowing the TV antenna or cable TV signal to be switched to pass through the VCR, or have VCR output added as an extra channel.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Anatolian beyliks
Anatolian beyliks (Turkish: Anadolu beylikleri, Ottoman Turkish: Tavâif-i mülûk, Beylik; Turkish pronunciation: [bejlic]) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by beys, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm in the latter half of the 13th century.

One of the beyliks, that of the Osmanoğlu of the Kayı branch of Oghuz Turks, from its capital in Bursa completed its incorporation of the other beyliks to form the Ottoman Empire by the late 15th century.

The word beylik denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a bey, equivalent to a duchy or principality in other parts of Europe.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Rubus biformispinus
Rubus biformispinus, the pasture dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in eastern and central Canada (from Ontario to Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (Maine, New York, Pennsylvania).

The epithet biformispinus means "with spines of two shapes," referring to the two distinct sizes of prickles on the stems.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy. Some studies have suggested that R. biformispinus may have originated as a hybrid between R. setosus and R. flagellaris.

Rubus flagellaris
Rubus flagellaris is a North American species of dewberry in the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is commonly known as northern dewberry and common dewberry. It is widely distributed across the southern and eastern United States into adjacent Canada.
Mark 21 torpedo
The designation Mark 21 torpedo was applied by the United States Navy to two designs of acoustic homing aerial torpedo, both developed from the widely-used Mark 13 torpedo, but controlled by two different developers and taking two different approaches:

The Mark 21 Mod 0 torpedo was a torpedo developed in 1943 by Westinghouse, using electric propulsion

The Mark 21 Mod 2 torpedo was a torpedo developed in the late 1940s by Bell for use in the AUM-N-2 Petrel missile, using steam propulsion

Mark 21 Mod 0 torpedo
The Mark 21 torpedo, designated Mark 21 Mod 0 was a passive acoustic homing torpedo designed in 1943 by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The Mark 21 successfully passed launching tests in 1943, however, due to difficulties encountered by Westinghouse, the project was abandoned after a few development models had been built.

It was based on the widely used Mark 13 torpedo. Propulsion was switched to electric, but weight restrictions limited the speed available.
Labidiaster annulatus
Labidiaster annulatus, the Antarctic sun starfish or wolftrap starfish is a species of starfish in the family Heliasteridae. It is found in the cold waters around Antarctica and has a large number of slender, flexible rays.

Heliasteridae
The Heliasteridae are a family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It includes two genera: Heliaster from the East Pacific (California to Chile, including offshore islands), and Labidiaster from southernmost South America, Antarctica and subantarctic oceans.
Volxheim
Volxheim is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany. It is situated 7 km south-east of Bad Kreuznach, and it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Bad Kreuznach.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Prashant Gupta
Prashant Gupta (born 23 June 1988) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Uttar Pradesh. He made his first-class debut for Uttar Pradesh in the Ranji Trophy Superleague phase on 18 November 2008. He made his List A debut for Uttar Pradesh in the Vijay Hazare Trophy on 14 February 2013. He made his Twenty20 debut for Uttar Pradesh in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 24 October 2011. He retired from Indian first class setup in 2019 to ply his trade in overseas leagues. He was drafted in by Deccan Gladiators in 2019 in the Abu Dhabi T10 League. He also featured in the 2021 edition for Deccan Gladiators under Kieron Pollard's captaincy. Outside of cricket he has a keen interest in small (always spherical) particles.

Uttar Pradesh cricket team
The Uttar Pradesh cricket team, formerly United Provinces Cricket Team, is a domestic cricket team which is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, run by the Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy in 2005–06 and have been runners-up on five occasions. Cricketers such as Suresh Raina, Mohammad Kaif, Piyush Chawla, Rudra Pratap Singh, Praveen Kumar, Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Kuldeep Yadav have passed through Uttar Pradesh and gone on to represent India.
Food inflation in Iran
Iran has faced severe food inflation in the past decade, driven by multiple factors. These include agricultural, climatic  and energy challenges, significant issues in water management, and inefficiencies in the food supply chain. A major contributing factor is the involvement of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in the economy, particularly in the agriculture and food sectors but also due to significant spendings on Iran's proxies which increase the public deficit. The IRGC’s influence has been linked to mismanagement and corruption, exacerbating problems in water resources, agricultural practices, and food production.

Depreciation
In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept: first, an actual reduction in the fair value of an asset, such as the decrease in value of factory equipment each year as it is used and wears, and second, the allocation in accounting statements of the original cost of the assets to periods in which the assets are used (depreciation with the matching principle).

Depreciation is thus the decrease in the value of assets and the method used to reallocate, or "write down" the cost of a tangible asset (such as equipment) over its useful life span. Businesses depreciate long-term assets for both accounting and tax purposes. The decrease in value of the asset affects the balance sheet of a business or entity, and the method of depreciating the asset, accounting-wise, affects the net income, and thus the income statement that they report. Generally, the cost is allocated as depreciation expense among the periods in which the asset is expected to be used.
2008 South Africa Sevens
The Emirates Airlines South Africa Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens (seven-a-side version of rugby union). The 2008 competition, took place on 5 December and 6 December at Outeniqua Park in George, Western Cape, it was the second Cup trophy in the 2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series.

2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series was the tenth of an annual IRB Sevens World Series of rugby union sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000.

South Africa clinched the 2008–09 World Series, its first Series title.  The defending series champions New Zealand finished fourth.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format. However, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days, largely because it involves 24 teams instead of the normal 16. Starting in 2008–09, the Australia leg (which involves the normal 16 teams) was spread out over a three-day period.