hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damavand Mineral Water Co.
Damavand Mineral Waters Company (Persian: شرکت آب‌های معدنی دماوند) is the leader and largest bottled mineral water producer in Iran. It is a joint venture with Danone Group, number 2 in bottled water worldwide.

In 2010 and in 2015 Iran's Health Ministry announced that Damavand bottled water had a microbial infection and the company was prosecuted.

Mineral water
Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. It is usually still, but may be sparkling (carbonated/effervescent).

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure", at places such as spas, baths and wells.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. More than 4,000 brands of mineral water are commercially available worldwide.

In many places the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.
Anthophora urbana
Anthophora urbana is a species of anthophorine bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Central America and North America. These solitary bees are black with gray hairs, including gray bands around the abdomen. They reach 10–13 millimetres (0.39–0.51 in) in length.

A subspecies of this bee (A. urbana clementina) can be found on San Clemente Island.

Anthophorini
The Anthophorini are a large tribe in the subfamily Apinae of the family Apidae. Species in this tribe are often referred to as digger bees, although this common name is sometimes also applied to members of the tribe Centridini. It contains over 750 species worldwide, all of which were previously classified in the obsolete family Anthophoridae along with members of several other tribes; the vast majority of species in the tribe Anthophorini are in the genera Amegilla and Anthophora.
Vojislav Stanković
Vojislav Stanković (Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Станковић; born 22 September 1987) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Teleoptik. He can operate as either a left-back or centre-back.

2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Jelen SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the Serbian SuperLiga, the top football league of Serbia. The season began on 26 August 2012 and ended on 25 May 2013.

A total of 16 teams contested the league, including 14 sides from the 2011–12 season and two promoted from the 2011–12 Serbian First League. Partizan successfully defended their title. Last two teams, BSK Borča and Smederevo were relegated, while 14th team played play-off with 3rd placed team from 2012–13 Serbian First League.
MSH3
DNA mismatch repair protein, MutS Homolog 3 (MSH3) is a human homologue of the bacterial mismatch repair protein MutS that participates in the mismatch repair (MMR) system. MSH3 typically forms the heterodimer MutSβ with MSH2 in order to correct long insertion/deletion loops and base-base mispairs in microsatellites during DNA synthesis. Deficient capacity for MMR is found in approximately 15% of colorectal cancers, and somatic mutations in the MSH3 gene can be found in nearly 50% of MMR-deficient colorectal cancers.

Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in one-carbon transfer chemistry. In humans, the DHFR enzyme is encoded by the DHFR gene. It is found in the q14.1 region of chromosome 5.

There are two structural classes of DHFR, evolutionarily unrelated to each other. The former is usually just called DHFR and is found in bacterial chromosomes and animals. In bacteria, however, antibiotic pressure has caused this class to evolve different patterns of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules, leading to many "types" named under this class, while mammalian ones remain highly similar. The latter (type II), represented by the plastid-encoded R67, is a tiny enzyme that works by forming a homotetramer.
2016 Milex Open
The 2016 Milex Open was a professional tennis tournament played on green clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic between 8 February and 14 February 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Primeaux, Nevada
Primeaux is an unincorporated community in Eureka County, Nevada, United States.

In 1926, the year after U.S. Route 40 was built, Roy Primeaux moved his cabins from Tuscarora, Nevada to a location just west of Emigrant Pass. Travelers would often need to stop at Primeaux for radiator water after climbing the pass.  In addition to spring water, Primeaux Station offered gas, tires and cabins.

In the 1930s, Primeaux was a bus and tourist stop.

During World War II, Chinese relics from Tuscarora were exhibited at Primeaux.

In 1961, the station at Primeaux was auctioned off so that Interstate 80 could be built.  The auction included the station (constructed of railroad ties), a two story frame house, gas pumps and other items.

Tuscarora, Nevada
Tuscarora  (Shoshoni language: Tosa Konoki) is an unincorporated community in Elko County, Nevada, United States. The community lies on the east side of the Tuscarora Mountains, approximately 40 miles north of Carlin and 50 miles from Elko.  Tuscarora is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Muscoot River
The Muscoot River is a short tributary of the Croton River in  Putnam and Westchester counties in the state of New York.  Approximately 13 mi (21 km) long and running irregularly southeast, it lies within the Croton River watershed and is part of the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed.

Mahopac, New York
Mahopac (/ˈmeɪəˌpæk/ or /ˌməˈhoʊpæk/) is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in the town of Carmel in Putnam County, New York, United States. Also known as Lake Mahopac, the exurb is a part of the New York City metropolitan area. On U.S. Route 6 at the county's southern border, connects with Westchester County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,933.
Zebroid
A zebroid is the offspring of any cross between a zebra and any other equine to create a hybrid. In most cases, the sire is a zebra stallion but not every time. The offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam, called a donkra, and the offspring of a horse sire and a zebra dam, called a hebra, do exist, but are rare and are usually sterile. Zebroids have been bred since the 19th century. Charles Darwin noted several zebra hybrids in his works.

Shetland pony
The Shetland pony or Sheltie is a Scottish breed of pony originating in the Shetland Islands in the north of Scotland. It may stand up to 107 cm (42 in) at the withers. It has a heavy coat and short legs, is strong for its size, and is used for riding, driving, and pack purposes.
Langholm
Langholm /ˈlæŋəm/, also known colloquially as the "Muckle Toon", is a burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, southern Scotland. Langholm lies between four hills in the valley of the River Esk in the Southern Uplands.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Anand's Immortal
Anand's Immortal is a chess game played by Levon Aronian as White against Viswanathan Anand as Black in Round 4 of the 2013 Tata Steel Chess Tournament.

The game is considered one of Anand's greatest masterpieces; Chess.com staff ranked it as the third-best chess game of all time, behind Kasparov's Immortal and the Opera Game.

Kasparov's Immortal
Kasparov's immortal is a chess game played by Garry Kasparov as White against Veselin Topalov as Black at the Hoogovens Wijk aan Zee Chess Tournament 1999 chess tournament.  This is one of Kasparov's most famous games; it is considered a masterpiece and Chess.com has listed it as the No. 1 chess game ever played.
Arriaga Municipality
Arriaga Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. It covers an area of 653.3 km2 (252.2 sq mi) and is bordered by the Pacific Ocean and the neighbouring state of Oaxaca, as well as by the Chiapas municipalities of  Cintalapa, Jiquipilas, Villaflores and Tonalá.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 40,042, up from 34,032 in 2005.

As of 2010, the city of Arriaga had a population of 24,447. Other than the city of Arriaga, the municipality had 464 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Emiliano Zapata (3,353), classified as urban, and Azteca (La Punta) (1,829), La Gloria (1,801), La Línea (1,452), and Lázaro Cárdenas (1,172), classified as rural.

The name of the city honours Ponciano Arriaga, the name given to it upon creation of the municipality on 28 May 1910. It was given city status on 1 December 1943.

Jiquipilas
Jiquipilas is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 37,818, up from 34,937 as of 2005. It covers an area of 1197.3 km2.

As of 2010, the town of Jiquipilas had a population of 9,894. Other than the town of Jiquipilas, the municipality had 580 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Tierra y Libertad (2,600), classified as urban, and José María Pino Suárez (2,091), Tiltepec (2,007), Vicente Guerrero (1,383), Cuauhtémoc (1,300), Julián Grajales (1,293), Quintana Roo (1,243), and Nueva Palestina (1,116), classified as rural.
Copland Track
The Copland Track is a tramping track in the south Westland area of New Zealand's South Island, well known for the naturally occurring hot springs at Welcome Flat along its route. The main track is approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) long one-way from the trailhead at State Highway 6 to the track's inland end at the Douglas Rock Hut, and is usually completed in 2 to 4 days depending on whether the full distance is walked, with many opting to walk only as far as Welcome Flat. The track is the western portion of a longer path which historically connected the West Coast to Mount Cook Village via Copland Pass, however erosion and the retreat of the Hooker Glacier has led to the eastern side of this route becoming increasingly dangerous to traverse.

Westland District
Westland District is a territorial authority district on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is administered by the Westland District Council. The district's population is 9,270 (June 2024).
Lesser auricular nerve
The lesser auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3.

Therefore, the "Great auricular nerve" is incorrectly named "Greater auricular nerve".

The Great auricular nerve runs posteriorly to the ear, and is "greater," since it provides most of the innervation to the ear: the back of the ear, front of the ear and earlobe. The rest is provided by the auriculotemporal nerve, which supplies the skin anterior to the external auditory meatus.

Cervical plexus
The cervical plexus is a nerve plexus of the anterior rami of the first (i.e. upper-most) four cervical spinal nerves C1-C4. The cervical plexus provides motor innervation to some muscles of the neck, and the diaphragm; it provides sensory innervation to parts of the head, neck, and chest.
Cieszyce, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Cieszyce [t͡ɕɛˈʂɨt͡sɛ] (German: Karolinenhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brojce, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-west of Brojce, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Gryfice, and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1637 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 42.

Brojce
Brojce [ˈbrɔi̯t͡sɛ] is a village in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brojce. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Gryfice and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I around 967. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. From the 18th century, it formed part of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany. After Germany's defeat in World War II, it became again part of Poland.
Rhinoblemma
Rhinoblemma is a monotypic genus of  araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae found on Caroline Island. It contains the single species, Rhinoblemma unicorne, first described in 1963 by Carl Friedrich Roewer under the name Tetrablemma unicornis. In 1981, Pekka T. Lehtinen transferred it to Rhinoblemma.

Tetrablemmidae
Tetrablemmidae, sometimes called armored spiders, is a family of tropical araneomorph spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873. It contains around 150 described species in 27 genera from southeast Asia, with a few that occur in Africa and Central and South America.

Pacullidae was incorporated into this family in 1981, but was later restored as a separate family in a 2016 phylogenetic study.

Most species have been collected from litter and soil, including that of epiphytes. Some live in caves and show typical adaptations of cave spiders, such as loss of eyes and weak sclerotization. Members of Tetrablemma only have four eyes, a trait in spiders only found in these and certain members of Caponiidae.
Charles Klauder
Charles Zeller Klauder (February 9, 1872 – October 30, 1938) was an American architect best known for his work on university buildings and campus designs, especially his Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh, the first educational skyscraper.

Cope and Stewardson
Cope and Stewardson (1885–1912) was a Philadelphia architecture firm founded by Walter Cope and John Stewardson, and best known for its Collegiate Gothic building and campus designs. Cope and Stewardson established the firm in 1885, and were joined by John's brother Emlyn in 1887. It went on to become one of the most influential and prolific firms of the late-19th and early-20th centuries.

Cope and Stewardsons made formative additions to the campuses of Bryn Mawr College, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Washington University in St. Louis. They also designed nine cottages and an administrative building at the Sleighton School, which showed their adaptability to other styles, because their buildings here were Colonial Revival with Federal influences. In 1912, the firm was succeeded by Stewardson and Page formed by Emlyn Stewardson and George Bispham Page.
Microspora
Microspora is a genus of green algae in the family Microsporaceae. Microspora was first named by Gustave Thuret  in 1850. The name was used by Arthur Hill Hassall earlier in 1843, for another genus, but Thuret's genus has been conserved over Hassall's.

Microspora is a freshwater alga, found in still or flowing water. It is most common in the colder months of the year. One species, Microspora ficulinae, is an endosymbiont within marine sponges. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.

Microsporaceae
Microsporaceae are a family of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae.

The family Microsporaceae consists of two genera, Microspora and Flintia, which form a clade according to molecular data. Microspora is a filamentous genus, while Flintia is a coccoid organism.
Execute Channel Program
In IBM mainframe operating systems, Execute Channel Program (EXCP) is a macro generating a system call, implemented as a Supervisor Call instruction, for low-level device access, where the programmer is responsible for providing a channel program—a list of device-specific commands (CCWs)—to be executed by I/O channels, control units and devices. EXCP for OS/360 and successors is more specifically described in the OS System Programmer's Guide.; EXCP for DOS/360 and successors is more specifically described in DOS Supervisor and I/O Macros.
This article mostly reflects OS/360 through z/OS; some details are different for TOS/360 and DOS/360 through z/VSE.

OS/360 and successors
OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device.

Although OS/360 itself was discontinued, successor operating systems, including the virtual storage MVS and the 64-bit z/OS, are still run as of 2023 and maintain application-level compatibility with OS/360.
Win–stay, lose–switch
In psychology, game theory, statistics, and machine learning, win–stay, lose–switch (also win–stay, lose–shift) is a heuristic learning strategy used to model learning in decision situations.  It was first invented as an improvement over randomization in bandit problems.  It was later applied to the prisoner's dilemma in order to model the evolution of altruism.

The learning rule bases its decision only on the outcome of the previous play.  Outcomes are divided into successes (wins) and failures (losses).  If the play on the previous round resulted in a success, then the agent plays the same strategy on the next round.  Alternatively, if the play resulted in a failure the agent switches to another action.

A large-scale empirical study of players of the game rock, paper, scissors shows that a variation of this strategy is adopted by real-world players of the game, instead of the Nash equilibrium strategy of choosing entirely at random between the three options.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
DigiSync
DigiSync is a hardware device developed by Research In Motion to allow negative cutters, telecine machines, and ColorMaster to read and log keykode data from motion picture film. It can also be used to capture KeyCode and change emulsion settings on Hollywood Film Company color film analyzers.

Keykode
Keykode (also written as either KeyKode or KeyCode) is an Eastman Kodak Company advancement on edge numbers, which are letters, numbers and symbols placed at regular intervals along the edge of 35 mm and 16 mm film to allow for frame-by-frame specific identification. It was introduced in 1990.

Keykode is a variation of timecode used in the post-production process which is designed to uniquely identify film frames in a film stock.
Qatar Tribune
Qatar Tribune is an English-language newspaper published in Doha, Qatar with local and international coverage. It was launched in 2006. The newspapers motto is "First with the News and What's Behind it". Qatar Tribune is published by Qatar Information and Marketing (QIM), as are its sister Arabic-language newspaper Al-Watan. Qatar Tribune has also online version.

The newspaper is sub-divided into five sections: Main (which features latest local and international happenings), Nation, Business, Sports, and a section entitled "Chillout".

Al-Watan (Qatar)
Al-Watan (Arabic: الوطن meaning The Homeland) is a daily morning Arabic language political newspaper based in Doha, Qatar. The paper is one of the three Arabic newspapers in the country along with Al Raya and Al Sharq.
Stade Etivallière
Stade Etivallière is a sports stadium located in Saint-Étienne, France. It hosts the matches of CA Saint-Étienne of the Rugby Pro D2. It has a current capacity of 3,000 leading to the club occasionally playing bigger matches at the larger Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, home of AS Saint-Étienne.

Now it mainly holds the games of AS Saint-Étienne women team.

CA Saint-Étienne Loire Sud Rugby
Club Athlétique de Saint-Étienne Loire Sud Rugby, CASE Loire Sud Rugby, or simply CASE, is a French rugby union club from Saint-Étienne in the Loire département. As of 2011, they were competing in Fédérale 1, having been relegated from Rugby Pro D2 at the end of the 2010–11 season.
Musa Halilu Ahmed
Musa Halilu-Ahmed OFR, also known as Dujima or Musa Yola (born May 13, 1976), is a Nigerian businessman and politician. He is the Dujuma of Adamawa State, a highly revered traditional title that dates back to the old Borno Empire during the 18th century in Nigeria. He is the Chairman of TILT Group, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Nigeria with diversified investments spanning key business sectors of the African economy, including energy, construction, engineering, agriculture, and technology.

Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa
Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Mustapha (born 13 February 1944) was turbaned on 18 March 2010 as the traditional ruler, title Lamido of Adamawa in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
The ceremony followed by the approval of the state governor Murtala Nyako.