hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rembrandt C. Robinson
Rembrandt Cecil Robinson (October 2, 1924 – May 8, 1972) was a United States Navy officer who was stationed in the Tonkin Gulf during the Vietnam War. Robinson died in 1972, in a helicopter crash; he was the only Navy flag officer killed during the Vietnam War. His remains were cremated and the ashes were spread at sea from USS Orleck off San Diego, California. Robinson has a memorial cross in Arlington National Cemetery.

Robinson was the last American flag officer to die as a result of official duty in a combat zone until Lieutenant General Timothy J. Maude was killed at the Pentagon in the September 11 attacks of 2001, and the last killed in the line of duty abroad until Major General Harold J. Greene in Afghanistan in 2014.

Timothy Maude
Timothy Joseph Maude (November 18, 1947 – September 11, 2001) was a United States Army lieutenant general who was killed in the September 11 attacks at the Pentagon.

Maude was the highest ranking U.S. military officer killed in the September 11 attacks and the most senior United States Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II. Maude had been serving as the U.S. Army's Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel and was at a meeting when American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the west side of the Pentagon. His offices had just days before been moved to the most recently renovated section of the Pentagon.
Photohydrogen
In photochemistry, photohydrogen is hydrogen produced with the help of artificial or natural light. This is how the leaf of a tree splits water molecules into protons (hydrogen ions), electrons (to make carbohydrates) and oxygen (released into the air as a waste product). Photohydrogen may also be produced by the photodissociation of water by ultraviolet light.

Photohydrogen is sometimes discussed in the context of obtaining renewable energy from sunlight, by using microscopic organisms such as bacteria or algae.  These organisms create hydrogen with the help of hydrogenase enzymes which convert protons derived from the water splitting reaction into hydrogen gas which can then be collected and used as a biofuel.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Vincent's theorem
In mathematics, Vincent's theorem—named after Alexandre Joseph Hidulphe Vincent—is a theorem that isolates the real roots of polynomials with rational coefficients.

Even though Vincent's theorem is the basis of the fastest method for the isolation of the real roots of polynomials, it was almost totally forgotten, having been overshadowed by Sturm's theorem; consequently, it does not appear in any of the classical books on the theory of equations (of the 20th century), except for Uspensky's book. Two variants of this theorem are presented, along with several (continued fractions and bisection) real root isolation methods derived from them.

Bisection method
In mathematics, the bisection method is a root-finding method that applies to any continuous function for which one knows two values with opposite signs. The method consists of repeatedly bisecting the interval defined by these values, then selecting the  subinterval in which the function changes sign, which therefore must contain a root. It is a very simple and robust method, but it is also relatively slow. Because of this, it is often used to obtain a rough approximation to a solution which is then used as a starting point for more rapidly converging methods. The method is also called the interval halving method, the binary search method, or the dichotomy method.

For polynomials, more elaborate methods exist for testing the existence of a root in an interval (Descartes' rule of signs, Sturm's theorem, Budan's theorem). They allow extending the bisection method into efficient algorithms for finding all real roots of a polynomial; see Real-root isolation.
Oyster Rocks, Karachi
The Clifton Oyster Rocks (Urdu: کستورا مچهلی) are a small archipelago off the coast of Karachi's Clifton neighborhood in Sindh, Pakistan. Formerly under the control of the Pakistan Navy, the islands were integrated into Karachi's urban redevelopment plans in 2006.

As part of this initiative, the Port Fountain was constructed at the base of the northern island, reaching a height of 620 feet (190 m) and briefly ranking as the world's second-tallest fountain.

Additionally, in 2015, a 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) breakwater, the Oyster Rock Strip, was built in collaboration with China under the Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP) Project to protect the South Asia Pakistan Terminal from tidal forces and coastal erosion.

Clifton Beach, Karachi
Clifton Beach, also known as Sea View, is a beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan and is located on the Arabian Sea. It stretches from Karachi to Ormara (Balochistan). The beach is very popular in Pakistan. It is open 24/7 for the general public.

Karachi is the most prominent coastal city of Pakistan and beach lovers here have many opportunities to visit different beaches bordering the Arabian Sea. Clifton Beach is purported to give the best value in leisure and recreational opportunities for fun seekers and beach lovers.

In recent times, the area surrounding the beach has seen massive commercial activity as it is located in one of the most sought after localities in Karachi. 
The beach offers multiple leisure activities including camel rides, buggy rides, horse rides, and plastic plane flying, among others. Across from the beach is the Seaview Apartments, a gated residential area. Other apartments and villas which can be seen along the Clifton beach coasts are becoming popular as well.
Guillaume Amontons
Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist. He was one of the pioneers in studying the problem of friction, which is the resistance to motion when bodies make contact. He is also known for his work on thermodynamics, the concept of absolute zero, and early engine design.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Vasyl Baranov
Vasyl Anatoliyovych Baranov (Ukrainian: Василь Анатолійович Баранов; born 20 October 1979) is a Ukrainian football manager and retired professional football player. He played as a midfielder for clubs in Ukraine, Belarus and Estonia.

2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League season, referred to as the VBET Ukrainian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is the 35th top-level football club competition since the fall of the Soviet Union and the 18th since the establishment of the Ukrainian Premier League (UPL).

The season has started on 1 August 2025 and will end on 29 May 2026. The UPL clubs decided not to hold the season opening match Ukrainian Super Cup due to the ongoing Russian military aggression against Ukraine.

Dynamo Kyiv are the defending champions, having won their 17th Premier-Liha title and their 30th overall domestic title in the previous season.
Richard Prosser (priest)
Christianity portal

Richard Prosser, DD (1748–1839) was  Archdeacon of Durham from 1808 until his death.

He was the son of Humphrey Prosser of Market Drayton, and matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford in 1767, where he graduated B.A. in 1770. He was made a Fellow and graduated M.A. in 1773, B.D. in 1784, and D.D. in 1797.

Prosser served incumbencies in Colchester, Gateshead and Easington. He died on 8 October 1839.

Archdeacon of Durham
The Archdeacon of Durham is a senior ecclesiastical officer of the diocese of Durham (Church of England). They have, within the geographical area of the archdeaconry of Durham, pastoral oversight of clergy and care of church buildings (among other responsibilities).
Lady's companion
A lady's companion was a woman of genteel birth who lived with a woman of rank or wealth as retainer. The term was in use in the United Kingdom from at least the 18th century to the mid-20th century but it has become archaic. The profession is known in most of the Western world. The role was related to the position of lady-in-waiting, which by the 19th century was applied only to the female retainers of female members of the British royal family. Ladies-in-waiting were usually women from the most privileged backgrounds who took the position for the prestige of associating with royalty, or for the enhanced marriage prospects available to those who spent time at court, but lady's companions usually took up their occupation because they needed to earn a living and have somewhere to live. A companion is not to be confused with lady's maid, a female personal attendant roughly equivalent to a "gentleman's gentleman" or valet, who would often be from a more working class background.

Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler.
Gedser wind turbine
The Gedser wind turbine is located near Gedser in the south of the Danish island of Falster. It was constructed by the engineer Johannes Juul in 1957 for the SEAS (Sydsjællands Elektricitets Aktieselskab) electricity company with support from the Marshall Plan. Its innovative design was a major breakthrough in the development of wind turbines.

Falster
Falster (Danish: [ˈfælˀstɐ]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark with an area of 486.2 km2 (187.7 sq mi) and 43,398 inhabitants as of 1 January 2010. Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sound area, it is part of Region Zealand and is administered by Guldborgsund Municipality. Falster includes Denmark's southernmost point, Gedser Odde, near Gedser.

The largest town is Nykøbing Falster with over 40% of the island's inhabitants. Other towns include Stubbekøbing, Nørre Alslev and Gedser.

Falster has motor and railway links both to the larger island of Zealand to the north and to the island of Lolland to the south-west. These links also lead to the smaller islands of Masnedø and Farø. European route E47 links Copenhagen to Hamburg (Germany) via Falster.
Achampet Assembly constituency
Achampet Assembly constituency is an SC (Scheduled Caste) reserved constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of four constituencies in the Nagarkurnool district of Telangana. It is part of Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency.

Chikkudu Vamshi Krishna of Indian National Congress is the MLA from the constituency.

Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency
Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes.
1999–2000 FIBA Saporta Cup
The 1999–2000 FIBA Saporta Cup was the thirty-fourth edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition. It occurred between September 21, 1999, and April 11, 2000. The final was held at Lausanne, Switzerland.

FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.
Mongolian (Unicode block)
Mongolian is a Unicode block containing characters for dialects of Mongolian, Manchu, and Sibe languages. It is traditionally written in vertical lines  Top-Down, right across the page, although the Unicode code charts cite the characters rotated to horizontal orientation as this is the orientation of glyphs in a font that supports layout in vertical orientation.

The block has dozens of variation sequences defined for standardized variants.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Françoise Atlan
Françoise Atlan (פרנסואז אטלן‎ in Hebrew, فرنسواز أطلان in Arabic) is a French singer and ethnomusicologist, born in a Sephardic Jewish family in Narbonne, France on 27 July 1964. Her father was a lawyer and native of Béjaïa, Algeria, and her mother was a pianist and a lyrical singer.

on 30 March, she was one of three performers who sang Muslim, Christian and Jewish religious songs in unison accompanied by the Moroccan Philharmonic Orchestra during Pope Francis visit to the Shereefian Kingdom. In July 2018, She acquired Moroccan citizenship by royal decree published in the Moroccan official bulletin of 2 May.

Romance (music)
The term romance (Spanish: romance/romanza, Italian: romanza, German: Romanze, French: romance, Russian: романс, Portuguese: romance, Romanian: romanţă) has a centuries-long history. Applied to narrative ballads in Spain, it came to be used by the 18th century for simple lyrical pieces not only for voice, but also for instruments alone. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that "generally it implies a specially personal or tender quality".
2010 Australian Open – Women's singles
Defending champion Serena Williams defeated Justine Henin in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2 to win the women's singles title at the 2010 Australian Open. It was her fifth Australian Open singles title and twelfth major singles title overall, surpassing the Open Era record (jointly held by Margaret Court, Steffi Graf, Monica Seles and Evonne Goolagong Cawley) for the most Australian Open singles titles. This was Henin's first major since the 2008 Australian Open, following her retirement in May 2008. Henin was unseeded at a major for the first time since the 2001 Australian Open, and was awarded a wild card into the tournament.

Li Na entered the top 10 in the WTA rankings for the first time by reaching the semifinals, the first Chinese player to enter the top 10.

2008 Australian Open – Women's singles
Maria Sharapova defeated Ana Ivanovic in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2008 Australian Open. It was her third major singles title, and she became the first Russian to win the title. Sharapova did not lose a set during the tournament, or face a tiebreak in any set. It was Ivanovic's second runner-up finish in as many major finals, though she would win the French Open a few months later.

Serena Williams was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Jelena Janković.

Justine Henin's winning streak of 33 matches (beginning at the 2007 Rogers Cup) ended with her defeat in the quarterfinals to Sharapova.

Agnieszka Radwańska became the first Pole to reach a major quarterfinal in the Open Era, and the first to do so since Jadwiga Jędrzejowska in the 1939 Wimbledon Championships.

This was the first Australian Open appearance for future champion Caroline Wozniacki, who lost to Ivanovic in the fourth round.
Ohio State Route 652
State Route 652 (SR 652) is a north–south unsigned state highway in the southern portion of Ohio. Its southern terminus is on the Ben Williamson Memorial Bridge and Simeon Willis Memorial Bridge on the Ohio River near Coal Grove, and it runs 0.31 miles (0.50 km) to U.S. Route 52 (US 52).

U.S. Route 52 in Ohio
U.S. Route 52 (US 52) runs east–west across the southern part of the state of Ohio along the Ohio River, passing through or very near the cities and towns of Cincinnati, Portsmouth, and Ironton. For its first 19 miles (31 km) or so, the highway runs concurrently with Interstate 74 (I-74) and I-75 before it winds through downtown Cincinnati for several miles. The route is primarily two lanes between New Richmond and West Portsmouth, Ohio, where it becomes a four-lane partial access highway until it exits the state near Chesapeake.
Little River State Park
Little River State Park is a campground state park on the 850-acre Waterbury Reservoir in Waterbury, Vermont. It is located in Mount Mansfield State Forest.

Activities includes swimming, boating, fishing, hiking, picnicking, bicycling, wildlife watching, and winter sports.

Facilities include 81 tent/trailer sites, 20 lean-tos, five cabins, restrooms with hot showers, and a dump station. Campers can enjoy swimming beaches, play areas, a boat launch, ball field, and boat rentals. There is a nature center, and park Interpreters offer programs including night hikes, campfire programs, amphibian explorations, and nature crafts and games.

Waterbury Center State Park is a day-use park also located nearby on Waterbury Reservoir.

Waterbury, Vermont
Waterbury is a town in Washington County in central Vermont, United States. Although the town is still home to the Waterbury Village Historic District, the village sharing the name of the town officially dissolved as a municipality in 2018. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,331.
Dendropsophus ebraccatus
Dendropsophus ebraccatus, also known as the hourglass treefrog, referring to the golden-brown hourglass shape seen surrounded by skin yellow on its back. Their underbellies are yellow. Their arms and lower legs usually display bold patterns while their upper legs or thighs are light yellow giving them the appearance of wearing no pants. The species name "ebraccata" translates to "without trousers" in Latin.

The hourglass treefrog is throughout Mexico from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca, slightly more southern in Chiapas, Tabasco, and the Yucatán Peninsula. The hourglass treefrog also presides south of Mexico in the northern Guatemala and Belize areas. The range of the hourglass treefrog becomes more scarce in Honduras and a few more known locations in Nicaragua, but then has been commonly reported again in Central America spanning from Costa Rica to Panama even venturing into Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.

Millisecond
A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a unit of time in the International System of Units equal to one thousandth (0.001 or 10−3 or 1/1000) of a second or 1000 microseconds.

A millisecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 16.67 minutes.

A unit of 10 milliseconds may be called a centisecond, and one of 100 milliseconds a decisecond, but these names are rarely used.
To help compare orders of magnitude of different times, this page lists times between 10−3 seconds and 100 seconds (1 millisecond and one second). See also times of other orders of magnitude.
Ordos Mongols
The Ordos (Mongolian: Ордос; Chinese: 鄂尔多斯部) are a subgroup of the Mongols which live in Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia, China. They are named after the Ordo palace.

The Three Tribes of Uriyangkhaid, Tümed in north Shanxi, Ordos Mongols in Ordos and north of Shaanxi extended southward beyond the Ming defense zone between the 14th and 15th centuries. Since 1510, the Ordos were ruled by descendants of Batumongke Dayan Khan.

The Ordos Mongols believe that they have been responsible for the shrine of Genghis Khan since their inception. However, the modern place where mausoleum of Genghis Khan located is inhabited by the  Shar Darkhads because the Ordos Mongols were forced to be resettled outside Ordos grasslands. Traditionally, Ordos territory is divided into 7 banners.

Their number reached 64,000 in 1950 and a possible current estimate of the Ordos people might be less than 100,000.

Orda (organization)
An orda (also ordu, ordo, or ordon) or horde was a historical sociopolitical and military structure found on the Eurasian Steppe, usually associated with the Turkic and Mongol peoples. This form of entity can be seen as the regional equivalent of a clan or a tribe of nomads. Some successful ordas gave rise to khanates. The original term did not carry the meaning of a large khanate such as the Golden Horde. These structures were contemporarily referred to as ulus ("nation" or "tribe").
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 1500 metres T54
The T54 category is for wheelchair athletes with no leg function, but near full arm function and reasonable to normal trunk function. Typically this may be caused by a lower spinal cord injury or spinal cord birth defect.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 1500 metres T54 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 12–13 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Joe Daley (musician)
Joe Daley (July 30, 1918 – March 5, 1994) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and music teacher. Daley was part of the Chicago jazz scene for 40 years. Musicians who studied with Daley include Grammy winners David Sanborn and Paul Winter, Emmy winner James DiPasquale, Richard Corpolongo, Chuck Domanico, and John Klemmer.

Chuck Domanico
Charles Louis Domanico  (January 20, 1944 – October 17, 2002) was an American jazz bassist who played double bass and bass guitar on the West Coast jazz scene.

Domanico was born in Chicago. He settled in Los Angeles in the mid-1960s. For nearly forty years, he was a central jazz figure in Hollywood who contributed to many movies and TV programs. Domanico worked with Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Carmen McRae, Joni Mitchell, Taj Mahal, Diane Schuur, Natalie Cole, and  The Manhattan Transfer. He participated in instrumental jazz performances by Chet Baker, Henry Mancini, Shelly Manne, Oliver Nelson, John Klemmer, Roger Kellaway, Barney Kessel, and Art Pepper.

His bass can be heard in themes for television shows like M*A*S*H, Cheers and Frasier, and he contributed to the soundtracks of more than two thousand films.

Domanico died of lung cancer in Los Angeles at the age of 58.