hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PlanetMath
PlanetMath is a free, collaborative, mathematics online encyclopedia. Intended to be comprehensive, the project is currently hosted by the University of Waterloo. The site is owned by a US-based nonprofit corporation, "PlanetMath.org, Ltd".

PlanetMath was started when the popular free online mathematics encyclopedia MathWorld was temporarily taken offline for 12 months by a court injunction as a result of the CRC Press lawsuit against the Wolfram Research company and its employee (and MathWorld's author) Eric Weisstein.

Online encyclopedia
An online encyclopedia, also called an Internet encyclopedia, is a digital encyclopedia accessible through the Internet. Some examples include pre-World Wide Web services that offered the Academic American Encyclopedia beginning in 1980, Encyclopedia.com since 1998, Encarta from 2000 to 2009, Wikipedia since 2001, Encyclopædia Britannica since 2016, and Grokipedia since 2025.
2016 FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship
The 2016 FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship was the sixth edition of the FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship. This was also the FIBA Oceania's qualifying tournament for the 2017 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup. The tournament was held in Suva, Fiji, from 5 to 10 December 2016. New Zealand beat Australia in the final, 57–51, to win the country's first gold in this event.

FIBA U17 Oceania Cup
The FIBA U17 Oceania Cup, formerly the FIBA Under-17 Oceania Championship, is an international junior men's basketball tournament in the FIBA Oceania zone, inaugurated in 2002. The current champions are New Zealand.

Before 2017, the competition was known as the FIBA Oceania Under-18 Championship, which was a qualifier for the FIBA Under-19 World Cup. Now it's an under-17 competition for Oceania teams to qualify for the FIBA Under-18 Asia Cup (from which they can qualify for the World Cup).
Caina Township
Caina or Cainaxiang (Chinese: 才纳; pinyin: Cáinà) is a township in Qüxü County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Caina is located in the Lhasa River valley, 42 kilometres by road (about an hour's drive) southwest of Lhasa. The Caina Bridge was built over the Lhasa River in the early 1990s.

Qüxü County
Qüxü County is a county in the Lhasa southwest of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet, China.
It is mountainous in the northwest, flatter near the Lhasa River, which runs through the east of the county, and the Yarlung Tsangpo—forming the southern border.
The population as of 2000 was 29,690, mostly engaged in agriculture or animal husbandry. The county is home to the Nyethang Drolma Lhakhang Temple.
337th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 337th Rifle Division was first formed in August 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Astrakhan. Like the 335th Rifle Division, this formation was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front during the winter counteroffensive, but was encircled and destroyed during the German spring offensive that formed the Izium Pocket. The division was formed again from July until August 13, 1942, serving in the Caucasus and along the coast of the Black Sea before being moved to the central part of the front to take part in the Soviet counteroffensive following the Battle of Kursk. As the front advanced towards the Dniepr River the 337th was recognized for its role in the liberation of the Ukrainian city of Lubny and was granted its name as an honorific. As the division continued to advance through northern and western Ukraine and into Hungary, it earned further honors before ending its combat path in western Austria.

1st Ukrainian Front
The 1st Ukrainian Front (Russian: Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт), previously the Voronezh Front (Воронежский Фронт), was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group. They took part in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany.
National Trade Union Centre of Trinidad and Tobago
The National Trade Union Centre of Trinidad and Tobago (NATUC) is a trade union federation in Trinidad and Tobago. It was created in 1991 by the merger of the Trinidad and Tobago Labour Congress (TTLC) and the Council of Progressive Trade Unions (CPTU). It has a membership of 100,000.

The NATUC is affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation and the Caribbean Congress of Labour.

Following the 2000 Convention, divisions took place in NATUC that resulted in the formation of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions and Non-Governmental Organisations (FITUN) as a separate trade union centre.

Caribbean Congress of Labour
The Caribbean Congress of Labour (CCL) is a regional trade union federation. It represents 500,000 members in 33 affiliated unions across 17 Caribbean nations.

The federation represents trade union concerns to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), as well as the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

The CCL works with both the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) and the Inter American Regional Organisation (ORIT).
Kočevje
Kočevje (pronounced [kɔˈtʃéːwjɛ] ⓘ; German: Gottschee; Göttscheab or Gətscheab in the local Gottscheerish dialect; Italian: Cocevie) is a town and the seat of Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (Latin: Ducatus Carinthiae; German: Herzogtum Kärnten; Slovene: Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies.

Carinthia remained a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, though from 1335 it was ruled within the Austrian dominions of the Habsburg dynasty. A constituent part of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Austrian Empire, it remained a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until 1918. By the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia.
2019 Soul Train Music Awards
The 2019 Soul Train Music Awards took place on November 17 at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada, and aired live for the first time on BET and BET Her. It was hosted by Tisha Campbell & Tichina Arnold, for the first time in the awards ceremony history from Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

The nominations were announced on October 25, 2019. Chris Brown received the most nominations with eight, followed by Drake with seven. The most nominated female artist were Beyoncé and Lizzo, both with six nominations.

During the ceremony Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis were honored with the Legend Award, while gospel singer Yolanda Adams received the Lady of Soul Award for her contributions to the music industry.

Orleans Arena
Orleans Arena is a 9,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Paradise, Nevada, in the Las Vegas Valley.  It is located at the Orleans Hotel and Casino and is operated by Coast Casinos, a subsidiary of Boyd Gaming Corporation.

The arena is the home to the Vegas Rollers of World TeamTennis since 2019. It is also an occasional home for the UNLV Rebels basketball team when the Thomas & Mack Center is in use. The arena was the home of the Las Vegas Wranglers ice hockey team from 2003 to 2014, the Las Vegas Gladiators arena football team in 2007, as well as the Las Vegas Sin women's football team.

In 2020, the Vegas Golden Knights announced it was purchasing and relocating an American Hockey League (AHL) franchise. The Henderson Silver Knights played two seasons at Orleans Arena until the club's new 6,000-seat arena was completed in Henderson, Nevada in March 2022.
1990 NCAA Division III baseball tournament
The 1990 NCAA Division III baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1990 NCAA Division III baseball season to determine the 15th national champion of college baseball at the NCAA Division III level.  The tournament concluded with six teams competing at a new location at C. O. Brown Stadium in Battle Creek, Michigan, for the championship.  Six regional tournaments were held to determine the participants in the World Series. Regional tournaments were contested in double-elimination format, with one region consisting of six teams, four regions consisting of four teams, and one region consisting of two teams, which was played as best-of-five, for a total of 24 teams participating in the tournament. The tournament champion was Eastern Connecticut State, who defeated Aurora for the championship.

C.O. Brown Stadium
C.O. Brown Stadium is a baseball stadium in the United States located in Battle Creek, Michigan.  The current stadium structure was built in 1990 and is a part of Bailey Park, a longtime home of amateur baseball and softball. Prior to the 1990 reconstruction, Bailey Park had been home to amateur, high school and college play since the 1930s, in a single-level grandstand built primarily of wood. C.O. Brown Stadium is the former home of the Michigan Battle Cats, Battle Creek Yankees and the Southwest Michigan Devil Rays of the Class A Midwest League. The stadium has a seating capacity of 2,193. C.O. Brown Stadium is the current home of the Northwoods League's Battle Creek Battle Jacks.
Bills of Exchange Act 1882
The Bills of Exchange Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. c. 61) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that codified the law relating to bills of exchange. Bills of exchange are widely used to finance trade and, when discounted with a financial institution, to obtain credit.

The act was drafted by Sir Mackenzie Chalmers, who later drafted the Sale of Goods Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 71) and the Marine Insurance Act 1906 (8 Edw. 7. c. 41).

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
Atlantic Coast Line R-1 class
The Atlantic Coast Line R-1 was a class of 12 4-8-4 Northern type steam locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in 1938 and operated by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad until the early 1950s. They were immediately assigned to passenger service but eventually saw service pulling freight.

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark ACL) was a United States Class I railroad formed in 1900, though predecessor railroads had used the ACL brand since 1871. In 1967, it merged with long-time rival Seaboard Air Line Railroad to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Much of the original ACL network has been part of CSX Transportation since 1986.

The Atlantic Coast Line served the Southeast, with a concentration of lines in Florida. Numerous named passenger trains were operated by the railroad for Florida-bound tourists, with the Atlantic Coast Line contributing significantly to Florida's economic development in the first half of the 20th century.

At the end of 1925, ACL operated 4,924 miles of road, not including its flock of subsidiaries; after some merging, mileage at the end of 1960 was 5,570 not including A&WP, CN&L, East Carolina, Georgia, Rockingham, and V&CS. In 1960, ACL reported 10,623 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 490 million passenger-miles.
Nanoor
Nanoor (also spelt Nanur, called Chandidas Nanoor), is a village in Nanoor CD block in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal. Nanoor is the birthplace of 14th century lyric poet Chandidas of Vaishnava Padavali fame. It is developing as a craft centre with NGO support. With the massacres in 2000, Nanoor was in intense media focus.

Chala Style
Chala Style (Bengali: চালা শিল্পরীতি) is a style of Bengal temple architecture, that originated in Bengal from the 15th centuries. Originating as a regional style in Hindu temple architecture. The main features of this style are curved tops and cornices. Chala-style temples in West Bengal were made of mud walls and thatched roofs. But, in East Bengal (now Bangladesh) it was built with bamboo structures and thatched roofs.

Chala-style temples were built all over Bengal. But most of the temples are found in the West Bengal. In the present day, the temples are now located in two separate national territories: the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh.
Hibiscadelphus
Hibiscadelphus is a genus of flowering plants that are endemic to Hawaiʻi. It is known by the Native Hawaiians as hau kuahiwi which means "mountain Hibiscus". The Latin name Hibiscadelphus means "brother of Hibiscus". It is distinctive for its peculiar flowers, which do not fully open. Hibiscadelphus is in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae. Several of the species in this small genus are presumed extinct, as a result of coextinction with their primary pollinators, the Hawaiian honeycreepers.

Hibiscus
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite large, comprising several hundred species that are native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are renowned for their large, showy flowers and those species are commonly known simply as "hibiscus", or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees.

Several species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants, notably Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis.
The Ways of White Folks
The Ways of White Folks is a collection of fourteen short stories by Langston Hughes, published in 1934. Hughes wrote the book during a year he spent living in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.  The collection addresses multiple dimensions of racial issues, focusing specifically on the unbalanced yet interdependent power dynamics between Black and White people.  According to Hughes, the short stories are inspired either by his own lived experiences or those of others he encountered.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
New Oxford Formation
The New Oxford Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales.
The New Oxford Formation was first described in  Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland.  It was described as "red shale and sandstone with beds of micaceous sandstone, arkose, and conglomerate."  The majority of this early mapping was done by George Willis Stose, Anna Isabel Jonas, and Florence Bascom.

Brachyphyllum
Brachyphyllum (meaning "short leaf") is a form genus of fossil coniferous plant foliage. Plants of the genus have been variously assigned to several different conifer groups including Araucariaceae and Cheirolepidiaceae. They are known from around the globe from the Late Carboniferous to the Late Cretaceous periods. The type species B. sattlerae was named after the fictional palaebotanist Ellie Sattler from the Jurassic Park franchise.
Terminus (poem)
"Terminus" is a poem written by Ralph Waldo Emerson. It was published in May-Day and Other Pieces, his second collection of poetry after Poems. The poem reflects Emerson's status as a transcendentalist and is primarily composed of couplets and triplets.

In the poem, Emerson comments on the inevitability of old age and the harsh certainty of death. Emerson makes this point by invoking the name Terminus, the Roman god of endings and boundaries—this makes the god thematically relevant to the poem. Unlike the Grim Reaper, the character of Terminus is a personification of time as a natural restriction.

Terminus (god)
In Roman religion, Terminus was the god who protected boundary markers; his name was the Latin word for such a marker. Sacrifices were performed to sanctify each boundary stone, and landowners celebrated a festival called the "Terminalia" in Terminus's honor each year on February 23. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill was thought to have been built over a shrine to Terminus, and he was occasionally identified as an aspect of Jupiter under the name "Jupiter Terminalis".

Ancient writers believed that the worship of Terminus had been introduced to Rome during the reign of the first king Romulus (traditionally 753–717 BC) or his successor Numa (717–673 BC). Modern scholars have variously seen it as the survival of an early animistic reverence for the power inherent in the boundary marker, or as the Roman development of proto-Indo-European belief in a god concerned with the division of property.
Miss Russia 2018
Miss Russia 2018 the 26th edition of the Miss Russia pageant, held in concert hall Barvikha Luxury Village in Moscow on 14 April 2018. Fifty contestants from around Russia competed for the crown. Polina Popova of Sverdlovsk Oblast crowned her successor Yulia Polyachikhina of Chuvashia at the end of the event. The competition was hosted by Maxim Privalov and Vera Krasova.

Yulia Polyachikhina represented Russia at Miss Universe 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand. The second runner up, Natalya Stroeva entered Miss World 2018 in Sanya, China.

Miss Universe 2018
Miss Universe 2018 was the 67th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Arena in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, on 17 December 2018.

At the conclusion of the event, Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters of South Africa crowned Catriona Gray of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2018. This was the Philippines' fourth victory after their recent victory in 2015.

Contestants from ninety-four countries and territories competed in this year's pageant, surpassing the previous record of ninety-two in 2017. The pageant was hosted by Steve Harvey in his fourth consecutive year, along with supermodel Ashley Graham. Television personality Carson Kressley and runway coach Lu Sierra provided commentary and analysis throughout the event. American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo performed in this year's pageant.
2021 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The 2021 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup was the fourth staging of the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup, and was one of three major tournaments part of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup. The tournament was held in England from 3 November to 18 November 2022. It was originally planned to be held in November 2021 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England. It was the first occasion on which the wheelchair rugby league competition took place concurrently with the men's and women's tournaments. The competition was also the first time that participants in the wheelchair tournament received the same participation fees as players in the other competitions and the first time that prize money was awarded.

The tournament was won by England who beat France 28–24 in the final on 18 November 2022.

Manchester Central Convention Complex
Manchester Central Convention Complex (commonly known as Manchester Central and formerly GMEX (Greater Manchester Exhibition Centre)) is an exhibition and conference centre converted from the former Manchester Central railway station in Manchester, England. The building has a distinctive arched roof with a span of 64 metres (210 ft) – the second-largest railway station roof span in the United Kingdom, and was granted Grade II* listed building status in 1963.

After 89 years as a railway terminus, it closed to passengers in May 1969. It was renovated as an exhibition centre formerly known as the G-Mex Centre in 1982 and was Manchester's primary music concert venue until the construction of the Manchester Arena. After renovation the venue reverted to its former name Manchester Central in 2007.

From April 2020 until March 2021, the complex became a temporary field hospital for non-critical COVID-19 patients, part of a network of temporary NHS Nightingale Hospitals.
Can't Stop Dreaming
Can't Stop Dreaming is the fourth studio album by American singer Daryl Hall. It was originally released in 1996 by RCA and BMG as a limited collector's edition with 12 tracks in Japan and was subsequently released in the United States on June 10, 2003, by independent label Liquid 8, albeit missing one of its original tracks ("Something About You"), which was featured on the 2002 Hall & Oates album, Do It for Love. Despite this, all versions of the album contain a remake of the popular Hall & Oates song "She's Gone".

Wah Wah Watson
Melvin M. Ragin (December 8, 1950 – October 24, 2018), known professionally as Wah Wah Watson, was an American guitarist who was a member of the Funk Brothers, the studio band for Motown Records. He also worked extensively as a session musician in a variety of genres from jazz and pop to R&B.
Technopolis (Morocco)
Technopolis (often referred to as Rabat Technopolis) is a science and technology park located in Salé, near the Moroccan capital Rabat. Inaugurated in October 2008 by King Mohammed VI, it was developed by MedZ, a subsidiary of the CDG Group, to serve as a hub for the offshoring and high tech industries in Morocco. The park's strategic development is aligned with the national digital transformation goals overseen by the Digital Development Agency (ADD).

Salé
Salé (Arabic: سلا, romanized: salā, [salaː]) is a city in northwestern Morocco, on the right bank of the Bou Regreg river, opposite the national capital Rabat, for which it serves as a commuter town. Along with some smaller nearby towns, Rabat and Salé together form a single metropolitan area.

Founded in the 11th century, Salé became a haven for pirates in the 17th century as an independent republic before being incorporated into Alawi Morocco. It recorded a population of 1,089,554 in the 2024 Moroccan census. The city still preserves its historic medina (old town), with many major monuments dating from the Marinid period (13th–15th centuries). Salé is connected to Rabat by a tramway and also contains the Rabat–Salé Airport, the main international airport serving both cities.
Pallavi Patel
Pallavi Patel is an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. She is the leader of Apna Dal (Kamerawadi) party. She is the daughter of Apna Dal founder Sone Lal Patel and current member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Sirathu as Samajwadi Party candidate.

Pallavi Patel is the sister of Anupriya Patel, a former minister of State for Commerce and Industry of India and president of Apna Dal (Soneylal) political party.

Sone Lal Patel
Sone Lal Patel (2 July 1950 – 18 October 2009) was an Indian politician active in the state of Uttar Pradesh. He was the founder of the political party Apna Dal and one of the founding members of the Bahujan Samaj Party.

He staunchly opposed casteism and fought against social inequality.