hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obstructed defecation
Obstructed defecation syndrome (abbreviated as ODS, with many synonymous terms) is a major cause of functional constipation (primary constipation), of which it is considered a subtype. It is characterized by difficult and/or incomplete emptying of the rectum with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per week. Normal definitions of functional constipation include infrequent bowel movements and hard stools. In contrast, ODS may occur with frequent bowel movements and even with soft stools, and the colonic transit time may be normal (unlike slow transit constipation), but delayed in the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Levator ani
The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle group, situated on either side of the pelvis. It is formed from three muscle components: the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and the iliococcygeus.

It is attached to the inner surface of each side of the lesser pelvis, and these unite to form the greater part of the pelvic floor. The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm.

It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it.

The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus.
Kocbek Lodge at Korošica
The Kocbek Lodge at Korošica (Slovene: Kocbekov dom na Korošici; 1,803 meters or 5,915 feet) is a mountain lodge standing on the Korošica Pasture on the Dleskovec Plateau, below the southern slope of Mount Ojstrica. It is named after Fran Kocbek, an early promoter of mountain hiking in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps. The first lodge, which was built in 1876, burned in 1881. A year later a new one was built. During World War II, it was captured by the Germans. It was expanded and modified from 1969 to 1973. The lodge was destroyed by a fire on October 20, 2017.

Kamnik–Savinja Alps
The Kamnik–Savinja Alps (Slovene: Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps. They lie in northern Slovenia, except for the northernmost part, which lies in Austria.

The western part of the range was named the Kamnik Alps (German: Steiner Alpen) in 1778 by the scientists Belsazar Hacquet and Franz Xaver von Wulfen, after the town of Kamnik (Stein) in the valley of the Kamnik Bistrica River. Its eastern part was named the Savinja Alps (Sanntaler Alpen) or Solčava Alps (Sulzbacher  Alpen) by the mountaineer Johannes von Frischauf in 1875, after the settlement of Solčava (Sulzbach) and the main river, the upper Savinja (Sann).
Goldsworthy Gurney
Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (14 February 1793 – 28 February 1875) was a British surgeon, chemist, architect, builder, lecturer and consultant. He was a prototypical British gentleman scientist and inventor of the Victorian era.

Amongst many accomplishments, he developed the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, and later applied its principles to a novel form of illumination, the Bude-Light; developed a series of early steam-powered road vehicles; and laid claim—still discussed and disputed today—to the blastpipe, a key component in the success of steam locomotives, engines, and other coal-fired systems.

Events surrounding the failure of his steam vehicle enterprise gave rise to controversy in his time, with considerable polarisation of opinion. His daughter Anna Jane Gurney (1816–1895) was devoted to him. During her lifetime, she engaged in a campaign to ensure the blastpipe was seen as his invention.

Timothy Hackworth
Timothy Hackworth (22 December 1786 – 7 July 1850) was an English steam locomotive engineer who lived in Shildon, County Durham, England and was the first locomotive superintendent of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.
Finite-state transducer
A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine with two memory tapes, following the terminology for Turing machines: an input tape and an output tape. This contrasts with an ordinary finite-state automaton, which has a single tape.  An FST is a type of finite-state automaton (FSA) that maps between two sets of symbols.  An FST is more general than an FSA.  An FSA defines a formal language by defining a set of accepted strings, while an FST defines a relation between sets of strings.

An FST will read a set of strings on the input tape and generate a set of relations on the output tape.  An FST can be thought of as a translator or relater between strings in a set.

In morphological parsing, an example would be inputting a string of letters into the FST, the FST would then output a string of morphemes.

Composition of relations
In the mathematics of binary relations, the composition of relations is the forming of a new binary relation  from two given binary relations  and . In the calculus of relations, the composition of relations is called relative multiplication, and its result is called a relative product.: 40  Function composition is the special case of composition of relations where all relations involved are functions.

The word uncle indicates a compound relation: for a person to be an uncle, he must be the brother of a parent. In algebraic logic it is said that the relation "is uncle of" () is the composition of relations "is a brother of" () and "is a parent of" ().

Beginning with Augustus De Morgan, the traditional form of reasoning by syllogism has been subsumed by relational logical expressions and their composition.
Line K (Tren Interoceánico)
Line K (Spanish: Línea K), also known as the Ixtepec–Ciudad Hidalgo Line, is a railroad owned by the Mexican government that connects Ixtepec, Oaxaca with Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas. It was leased to the Ferrocarril Chiapas-Mayab. President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced that the Mexican government will rehabilitate the line from Ixtepec, Oaxaca to Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas.

The line will connect Ixtepec with the Tren Interoceánico. For many years, Central American immigrants took various freight trains from Tapachula to various locations in the United States to cross the Mexico–United States border. However, in 2005, Hurricane Stan destroyed the tracks, and now, the trains started from the city of Arriaga.

Ixtepec, Oaxaca
Ixtepec (formally: Ciudad Ixtepec; previously known as Villa de San Jerónimo Doctor) is a small city, and  municipality of the same name, located in the state of Oaxaca, in southeastern Mexico.  
It is part of the Juchitán District in the west of the Istmo de Tehuantepec region.
2022 Liga 1 (Peru)
The 2022 Liga 1 de Fútbol Profesional (known as the Liga 1 Betsson 2022 for sponsorship reasons) was the 106th season of the Peruvian Primera División, the highest division of Peruvian football. A total of 19 teams competed in the season, which began on 4 February and ended on 12 November 2022. The season was originally scheduled to start on 21 January 2022, but the date was pushed back due to the detection of several COVID-19 cases in the participating clubs.

Defending champions Alianza Lima won their twenty-fifth league championship in this season, defeating Melgar in the finals after losing the first leg 1–0 and winning the second leg 2–0, for a 2–1 score on aggregate.

2021 Liga 1 (Peru)
The 2021 Liga 1 de Fútbol Profesional (known as the Liga 1 Betsson 2021 for sponsorship reasons) was the 105th season of the Peruvian Primera División, the highest division of Peruvian football. A total of 18 teams competed in the season, with Sporting Cristal coming in as defending champions.

The season was originally scheduled to start on 26 February 2021, while the draw, which was originally scheduled to take place on 5 February 2021, was postponed due to the effects of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Because of this, the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) also postponed the start of the tournament, with 12 March 2021 as the new date.

Alianza Lima were the champions, winning their twenty-fourth league title by defeating Sporting Cristal in the finals by a 1–0 aggregate score.
1977 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. Louth began the competition as defending champions, having defeated Mayo in the 1976 decider. Louth beat Fermanagh in the 1977 final to retain their title.

1976 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1976 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. Derry began the competition as defending champions, having defeated Louth in the 1975 final. Louth defeated Mayo in the 1976 final to claim the county's first All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship title.
Clinton, South Australia
Clinton (also known as Port Clinton) is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the east coast of Yorke Peninsula overlooking the north west head of Gulf St Vincent about 101 kilometres (63 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 36 kilometres (22 mi) north-east of the municipal seat of Maitland.

Maitland, South Australia
Maitland (/ˈmeɪtlənd/) is a town on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. By road, it is 168 km (104 mi) west of Adelaide, 164 km (102 mi) south of Port Pirie and 46 km (29 mi) north of Minlaton. The town lies in the traditional lands of the Narungga, whose name for the district is Maggiwarda.
Bodenwerder-Polle
Bodenwerder-Polle is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Holzminden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the town Bodenwerder. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former Samtgemeinden Bodenwerder and Polle.

The Samtgemeinde Bodenwerder-Polle consists of the following municipalities:

Bodenwerder

Brevörde

Halle

Hehlen

Heinsen

Heyen

Kirchbrak

Ottenstein

Pegestorf

Polle

Vahlbruch

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Orange Health Service
The Orange Health Service is a public hospital located on the Bloomfield Health Campus, approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the city Orange, New South Wales in Australia and is operated by Western NSW Local Health District.

Orange Health Service was opened in 2011, co-located with the redeveloped Bloomfield psychiatric hospital and replacing Orange Base Hospital as a referral hospital for the Central West region. The facility provides a range of general, surgical and specialist services, in particular forensic psychiatry and cancer treatment. It is a teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Sydney but is also used for teaching students from other universities including the Charles Sturt University and University of Wollongong.

Central West (New South Wales)
The Central West is a region in central New South Wales, Australia. The region stretches from Lithgow in the east and to as far west as Lake Cargelligo, on the Lachlan River. The Central West is known for its attractions such as the Jenolan Caves, near Oberon and also wineries, as well as rural farmland and natural landscapes. The region includes major towns like Bathurst, Orange, Mudgee, Lithgow, Parkes and Cowra. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 sq mi). The region also includes the sub-region known as the Central Tablelands, located in the eastern part of the region. The region known as the Orana, which includes the area surrounding Dubbo is typically classed as being a part of the Central West also.

Major population and service centres in the Central West include Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee, Orange, and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University, and Lithgow housing the University of Notre Dame Regional Clinical School.
The Bera Bond
The Bera Bond is a coffee-table book by Indian author and philanthropist Sundeep Bhutoria. It was published by Pan Macmillan in 2021. The photographs in the book were taken by conservationist and photographer Shatrunjay Pratap Singh.

Coffee table book
A coffee table book, also known as a cocktail table book, is an oversized, usually hard-covered book whose purpose is for display on a table intended for use in an area in which one entertains guests and which can serve to inspire conversation or pass the time. Subject matter is predominantly non-fiction and pictorial (a photo-book). Pages consist mainly of photographs and illustrations, accompanied by captions and small blocks of text, as opposed to long prose. Since they are aimed at anyone who might pick up the book for a light read, the analysis inside is often more basic and with less jargon than other books on the subject.
Deaths in August 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Call My Bluff
Call My Bluff is a British panel game show based on the short-lived US version of the same name. It was originally hosted by Robin Ray and later, most notably, by Robert Robinson. Its most prominent panellist was Frank Muir. The theme music for the show was "Ciccolino" by Norrie Paramor.

A Bit of Fry & Laurie
A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987.

As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers.
TVARK
TVARK is an online archival website of images, sound and video clips illustrating British television presentation history. Content includes idents, programme promotions, title sequences, public information films, commercials, daily start-ups and closedowns, break bumpers and station clocks. Each item has a short written analysis.

The selection of clips represents the work of many broadcasting and production companies, principally the national and regional divisions of the BBC and ITV, plus Channel 4/S4C, Channel 5, various British Sky Broadcasting (formerly Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting) networks, and a few other digital, satellite and cable channels. Programme clips are grouped into genres such as quiz shows, fundraising events and imported shows.

This website is dedicated to the founder's late mother, Valerie Hackett.

Sky Television (1984–1990)
Sky Television plc was a public limited company which operated a nine-channel satellite television service, launched by Rupert Murdoch's News International on 5 February 1989. Sky Television and its rival British Satellite Broadcasting suffered large financial losses, and merged on 2 November 1990 to form British Sky Broadcasting. A programming merger took effect on 1 December 1990.
Kovda, Lesozavodsky Territorial Okrug, Kandalakshsky District, Murmansk Oblast
Kovda (Russian: Ко́вда) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 18 meters (59 ft) above sea level. Population: 20 (2010 Census).

Kandalakshsky District
Kandalakshsky District (Russian: Кандала́кшский райо́н) is an administrative district (a raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kandalakshsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, and borders with Kovdorsky District to the north, Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, and with Finland to the west. The area of the district is 14,400 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kandalaksha. Population:  49,544 (2010 Census); 60,140 (2002 Census); 78,239 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kandalaksha accounts for 72.0% of the district's total population.
2009 Comerica Bank Challenger
The 2009 Comerica Bank Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard court. This was the twenty-second edition of the tournament which is part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aptos, United States between 13 and 19 July 2009.

Nordic Naturals Challenger
The Nordic Naturals Challenger (formerly Comerica Bank Challenger) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the Seascape Sports Club in Aptos, California, United States, since 1988.
BATX
BATX is an acronym standing for Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi, the four biggest tech firms in China, often compared to Big Tech (Microsoft, Apple, Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta) in the United States. BATX were some of the first tech companies started in the 2000s during the rise of the Chinese technology revolution and quickly became widely used in China. Notably after 2015, some other tech companies like Huawei, DiDi, JD, DJI and ByteDance have also become some of the up-and-coming biggest tech giants in the industry.

Tencent QQ
Tencent QQ (Chinese: 腾讯QQ), also known as QQ, is an instant messaging software service and web portal developed by the Chinese technology company Tencent. QQ offers services that provide online social games, music, shopping, microblogging, movies, and group and voice chat software. As of March 2023, there were 597 million monthly active QQ accounts.
Codiaeum
Codiaeum is a genus of plants under the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824. It is native to insular Southeast Asia, northern Australia and Papuasia.

They are shrubs with leathery leaves and often confused with the genus Croton. Some species, especially Codiaeum variegatum, are cultivated as houseplants.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera: Austrobuxus Baloghia Blachia Fontainea Sphyranthera Trigonostemon

Sphyranthera
Sphyranthera is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus of its tribe (Sphyranthereae). It was first described in 1887. The entire genus is endemic to the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, politically part of India but geographically closer to Myanmar.

Species

Sphyranthera airyshawii Chakrab. & Vasudeva Rao - N Andaman Islands

Sphyranthera lutescens (Kurz) Pax & K.Hoffm. - N Nicobar Islands + C Andaman Islands
Kayaba Ku-2
The Kayaba Ku-2 (萱場 2型無尾翼滑空機) was a glider built in Japan in 1940 to investigate the possibilities of tailless aircraft. It was developed as part of an Imperial Japanese Army contract that had been offered to designer Hidemasa Kimura following the successful flights of his HK-1 tailless glider over the previous years.

Tailless aircraft
In aeronautics, a tailless aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft with no other horizontal aerodynamic surface besides its main wing. It may still have a fuselage, vertical tail fin (vertical stabilizer), and/or vertical rudder.

Theoretical advantages of the tailless configuration include low parasitic drag as on the Horten H.IV soaring glider and good stealth characteristics as on the Northrop B-2 Spirit bomber. Disadvantages include a potential sensitivity to trim.

Tailless aircraft have been flown since the pioneer days; the first stable aeroplane to fly was the tailless Dunne D.5, in 1910. The most successful tailless configuration has been the tailless delta, especially for combat aircraft, though the Concorde airliner is also a delta configuration.

NASA has used the 'tailless' description for the novel X-36 research aircraft which has a canard foreplane but no vertical fin.
Kaldfjorden, Troms
Kaldfjorden (Norwegian) or Gállafierda (Northern Sami) is a fjord on the northern coast of the island of Kvaløya in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) long fjord stretches from the island of Vengsøya to the village of Kaldfjord. The 1,044-metre (3,425 ft) tall Store Blåmann mountain is located on the eastern shore of the fjord. The fjord cuts the island of Kvaløya nearly in half, leaving a 950-metre (3,120 ft) wide isthmus where the villages of Kaldfjord and Kjosen are partially located.  The Norwegian County Road 862 highway runs along the southern shore of the fjord.

Norwegian County Road 862
County Road 862 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 862) is a Norwegian county road in Troms county, Norway.  The road is 115.6 kilometers (71.8 mi) long and it runs between the village of Straumsbotn in Senja Municipality and the city of Tromsø in Tromsø Municipality. Part of the route is one of eighteen designated National Tourist Routes in Norway. The Tromsø Bridge and Sandnessund Bridge are both located on the route.
Ivica Tucak
Ivica Tucak (born 8 February 1970) is a Croatian professional water polo coach and former player who has been the head coach of the Croatia men's national water polo team since 16 September 2012.

Winning the gold medal at the 2017 and 2024 World Championship, silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 2022 European Championship, and the silver medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, he is regarded as the most successful coach of the Croatia national team.

Montenegrin First League of Water Polo
The Montenegrin First League of Water Polo is the national professional water polo league in Montenegro. It was established in 2006, shortly after Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro. It is organized by the Water Polo and Swimming Federation of Montenegro. 
Three clubs from Montenegrin League are playing in Adriatic Water Polo League.
Assembleia do Povo Unido
The Assembly of the United People (APU) (Galician language: Assembleia do Povo Unido) was a Galician political organization, with an independentist, socialist and feminist ideology. It was formed in 1989 from a split of the first Galician People's Front, and disappeared with its self-dissolution in 1995.

Día Nacional de Galicia
Dia Nacional de Galicia ("National Day of Galicia") is when the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain celebrates its national holiday. It falls on 25 July.

It is also called Día da Patria Galega ("Day of the Galician Fatherland"), or simply Día de Galicia ("Galicia Day"), but the official full denomination is the "National Day of Galicia", as established by the Galician government in 1979.