hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freshwater whipray
The freshwater whipray (Urogymnus dalyensis) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in a number of large rivers and associated estuaries in northern Australia. Until recently, this species was regarded as a regional subpopulation of the similar-looking but much larger giant freshwater stingray (U. polylepsis) of Southeast Asia. Typically reaching 1 m (3.3 ft) across, the freshwater whipray has a distinctively shaped, rounded pectoral fin disc, a projecting snout, and a thin tail without fin folds. It is plain brown above and white below with dark marginal bands. It may occasionally travel onto land and can "breathe" out of water for up to 7 minutes. The freshwater whipray is an active hunter of small fishes and shrimps, and does not currently face substantial conservation threats.

Pentecost River
The Pentecost River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The Pentecost rises in the Durack Range and flows north through El Questro Station where it joins the Chamberlain River, then continues north crossing the Gibb River Road, skirts the eastern edge of Drysdale River National Park and later discharges into the west arm of the Cambridge Gulf.

Tributaries of the Pentecost include the Chamberlain River, Salmond River, Gap Creek and Five Mile Creek. The Chamberlain and Salmond are both longer than the Pentecost.

The river is named after surveyor and geologist John Pentecost, who surveyed the river in 1882 on an expedition led by Michael Durack.

The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Arnga people.
Steven T. Ross
Steven T. Ross (July 4, 1937 – August 12, 2018) was an American military historian.

Steven T. Ross was born to Ruth Ross and Michael Ross and raised in Hewlett, New York. Ross graduated from Williams College and earned a doctorate from Princeton University and taught at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the University of Texas before joining the United States Naval War College faculty, where he remained for thirty years and was named the William V. Pratt Chair in Military History. He also served as a visiting professor at Yale University and Williams College, worked for the Defense Intelligence Agency as a military analyst and was a scholar-in-residence at the Central Intelligence Agency. He was awarded the United States Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award.

He died on August 12, 2018, aged 81, and was buried at Beth Olam Cemetery on Wyatt Road in Middletown, Rhode Island.

William V. Pratt
William Veazie Pratt (28 February 1869 – 25 November 1957) was an admiral in the United States Navy. He served as the President of the Naval War College from 1925 to 1927, and as the 5th Chief of Naval Operations from 1930 to 1933.
2010 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships
The 2010 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Calabasas, United States between 18 and 24 October 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Symphony No. 40 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 40 in F major, Hoboken I/40, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn.  Despite its number, Haydn had composed this symphony by 1763, long before the other symphonies numbered in the 30s and 40s in Hoboken's catalog. Chronologically, the symphony belongs with Symphony No. 13 and has stylistic similarities with Haydn's earliest symphonic output.

F major
F major is a major scale based on F, with the pitches F, G, A, B♭, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative minor is D minor and its parallel minor is F minor.

The F major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

F major is the home key of the English horn, the basset horn, the horn in F, the trumpet in F and the bass Wagner tuba. Thus, music in F major for these transposing instruments is written in C major. These instruments sound a perfect fifth lower than written, with the exception of the trumpet in F which sounds a fourth higher.
Schiffweiler
Schiffweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈʃɪfvaɪlɐ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Neunkirchen, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km northwest of Neunkirchen, and 20 km northeast of Saarbrücken.

Neunkirchen (German district)
Neunkirchen (German: [ˈnɔʏnkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are Sankt Wendel, Saarpfalz, Saarbrücken, and Saarlouis in Saarland and Kusel in Rhineland-Palatinate
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals but they tended to fight against the Japanese with or without the support of higher echelons of the other Chinese factions.

Salar people
The Salar people are a Turkic ethnic minority in China who speak Salar, a Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch. They numbered 165,159 people in 2020, according to that year's national census.

The Salars live mostly in the Qinghai–Gansu border region, on both sides of the Yellow River, namely in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County and Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai and the adjacent Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County of Gansu. There are also Salars in some parts of Henan and Shanxi, as well as in northern Xinjiang, in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. They are a patriarchal agricultural society and predominantly Muslim.
Texas's 19th Senate district
District 19 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves all of Crockett, Edwards, Frio, Kinney, Maverick, Real, Terrell, Uvalde, Val Verde, and Zavala counties, and portions of Atascosa , Bexar, Brewster, and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The district is currently served by Democrat Roland Gutierrez.

District 19 is one of the largest legislative districts in the United States, containing all or part of 14 counties and covering more than 35,000 square miles and about 400 miles of the Texas-Mexico border. Redistricting in 2010 led to District 19 losing several western counties and gaining several eastern ones.  The district is 66% Hispanic.

Crockett County, Texas
Crockett County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,098. The county seat is Ozona. The county was founded in 1875 and later organized in 1891. It is named in honor of Davy Crockett, the frontiersman who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship
The 1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship was the 5th running of the Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 6 January 1991 at the Olympic Park Speedway in Mildura, Victoria. The championship was won by Mildura's own Leigh Adams who won the third of his four national Under-21 championships. Shane Parker from Adelaide was second with another Mildura rider Jason Lyons in third place. Parker defeated Lyons in a run-off for the minor placings after both finished the meeting on 13 points. Former South Australian champion Scott Norman defeated Dave Hamnett from New South Wales in a run-off for fourth place after both finished the meeting on 11 points.

Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship
The Australian Under-21 Speedway Championship is a motorcycle speedway championship held each year since 1986, to determine the Australian Under-21 national champion. The event is organised by Motorcycling Australia (MA).
New Mexico State Road 360
State Road 360 (NM 360) is a 25.098-mile-long (40.391 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 360's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 62 (US 62) and US 180 northeast of Carlsbad, and the northern terminus is at US 82 east-southeast of Artesia.

U.S. Route 82 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 82 (US 82) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Alamogordo, New Mexico, east to Brunswick, Georgia. In the U.S. state of New Mexico, US 82 extends from Alamogordo and ends at the Texas state line northeast of Lovington.
New Testament Church of God Cathedral of Praise
The New Testament Church of God Cathedral of Praise is a church in Arcadian Gardens, Wood Green, north London.

The church was bought for £75,000 in 1977 by the New Testament Church of God, founded by reverend Carter. It was originally the Congregational, United Reformed Church of St. James at Bowes, built between 1901 and 1909. It is a grade II listed building with Historic England.

Wood Green
Wood Green is a suburban district of the London Borough of Haringey, London, England. Its postal district is N22, with parts in N8 or N15. The London Plan identifies it as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London, and today it forms a major commercial district of north London.

Formerly lying within the western part of Tottenham and the county of Middlesex, it became part of both Haringey and Greater London in 1965. Wood Green lies directly east of Alexandra Palace. It is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) from Charing Cross in central London.
Security sector governance and reform
The concepts of security sector governance and reform (SSG/R, or SSG and SSR) generally refer to a process in Western-based international development and democratization to amend the security sector of a state towards good governance and its principles, such as freedom of information and the rule of law. The security sector governance and reform can be part of international development or democratization. The objective of security sector reform (SSR) is to achieve good security sector governance (SSG)—where security actors are effective and accountable to their people. For example, SSR might guide decision-making on what form should the oversight of armed forces take or how transparent will intelligence agencies be according to legislation. Different nomenclature of the same overall framework include security system reform (SSR), security sector reconstruction (SSR) and justice and security sector reform (JSSR).

Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.
Spatuloricaria lagoichthys
Spatuloricaria lagoichthys is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Lake Maracaibo basin in Venezuela. The species reaches 30.6 cm (12 inches) in standard length.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
South Sudan Air Force
The South Sudan Air Force (SSAF), also previously known as the Sudan People's Air Force or Sudan People's Liberation Air Force, is the air force of the South Sudan People's Defense Forces (SSPDF) of South Sudan. The headquarters are located in Juba Air Base, Juba.

Mil Mi-17
The Mil Mi-17 (NATO reporting name: Hip) is a Soviet-designed Russian military helicopter family introduced in 1975 (Mi-8M), continuing in production as of 2024 at two factories in Russia, in Kazan and Ulan-Ude. It is known as the Mi-8M series in Russian service. The helicopter is mostly used as a medium twin-turbine transport helicopter, as well as an armed gunship version.
Battle of Devarakonda
The Battle of Devarkonda took place between Gajapati Empire and Bahmani Sultanate in 1458 A.D. at Devarkonda, Telangana, India. In this battle Odia forces led by prince Hamvira Deva under king Gajapati Kapilendra Deva crushed a massive army of Bahmani Muslim forces led by Humayun Shah. The battle ended with Odia victory and thus Devarkonda became a vassal state of Gajapati Empire.

Hamvira Deva
Hamvira Deva was an Odia prince of the Gajapati Empire in India and a Gajapati ruler for a brief period. He was the eldest son of Kapilendra Deva, the founder of the Gajapati Empire. He played a vital role in the empire's military expansion, but was bypassed in the succession in favour of his younger half-brother, Purushottama Deva.
Lionel Frere
Lionel Robert Temple Frere (10 December 1870 – 15 March 1936) was an English first-class cricketer.

Frere was born at Marylebone in December 1870. He was educated at Haileybury, before going up to Trinity College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against Surrey at The Oval in 1892. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Bill Lockwood, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by the same bowler for a single run. He later played minor counties cricket for Norfolk from 1895–97, making three appearances in the Minor Counties Championship.

Outside of cricket he also played tennis. He took part in the 1906 West Sussex Championships at East Grinstead, reaching the quarter-finals. In 1908, he took part in the East Cornwall Championship, where he was knocked out in the first round. Frere was a wine merchant by profession. He died at Kensington in March 1936.

Bill Lockwood (cricketer)
William Henry Lockwood (25 March 1868 – 26 April 1932) was an English Test cricketer, best known as a fast bowler and the unpredictable, occasionally devastating counterpart to the amazingly hard-working Tom Richardson for Surrey in the early County Championship. A capable enough batsman against weaker bowling sides who scored over 10,000 runs in first-class cricket, stronger bowling tended to show flaws in his technique.

In contrast to Richardson's consistency and strenuous work, Lockwood was never capable of long bowling spells. He bowled off a much shorter run than Richardson and tended to come down very heavily in his delivery stride. Lockwood could break back, though rarely as sharply as Richardson, but what really set Lockwood apart was his unpredictability, with extremely subtle variations of pace and pitch characterising his bowling. Frequently Lockwood would deliver a slow ball without change of action and the batsman would claim they never expected it.
David Hays (academic)
David Hays (aka  Huys) was an English 15th–16th-century Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Hayes was a Doctor of Divinity and a Dominican Catholic Friar. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University during 1499–1500, together with William Atwater and Thomas Chaundeler.

William Atwater (bishop)
William Atwater (1440–1521) was an English churchman, who became Bishop of Lincoln in 1514.

He was a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1480. He served as Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, in the period from 1497 to 1503.

Atwater became vicar of Cumnor in 1495. He became Dean of the Chapel Royal, in 1502. In 1504, he was appointed Canon of the eleventh stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1514. He was chancellor of Lincoln from 1506 to 1512.
The Travel Corporation
The Travel Corporation is a tour operator based in Cypress, California, and Bermuda with operations in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, South Africa, and Asia. It operates tours under the brand names Trafalgar Tours, Insight Vacations, Contiki Tours, Uniworld, Costsaver, Luxury Gold, HAGGiS Adventures, Highland Explorer, Brendan Vacations, AAT Kings, Inspiring Journeys, African Travel, Aussie Adventure, Lion World Travel, Adventure World Travel, Evan Evans, Grand European Travel (GET), Down Under Tours, Tracoin, Destination America, Travel Corporation Asia, and SEIT Outback Australia.

Tour operator
A tour operator is a business that typically combines and organizes accommodations, meals, sightseeing and transportation components, in order to create a package tour. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries. Tour operators can sell directly to the public or sell through travel agents or a combination of both.

The most common example of a tour operator's product would be a flight on a charter airline, plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Each tour operator may specialise in certain destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof.
Vida Loca
Vida Loca (transl. Crazy Life) is the first studio album by Cuban singer-songwriter Francisco Céspedes, released in August 1997 by WEA Latina. In Spain the album was awarded with an Amigo Award for the best Latin album. It was nominated for Pop Album of the Year by a New Artist at the 1999 Billboard Latin Music Awards, but lost to Carlos Ponce. By June 2000, the record had sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide.

Carlos Ponce (album)
Carlos Ponce is the debut studio album released by Carlos Ponce. It was produced by Emilio Estefan and Kike Santander. The album was promoted by its lead singles "Rezo" and "Decir Adios", both of which topped the Hot Latin Songs and Latin Pop Airplay charts in the United States. At the 1999 Billboard Latin Music Awards, it won Pop Album by a New Artist and was nominated for Pop Album of the Year by a Male Artist, but lost to Vuelve by Ricky Martin.
Catiniidae (beetle)
Catiniidae is a small extinct family of beetles known from the Early Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. The family is usually classified as a member of the suborder Archostemata, but beetles in this family had smooth elytra (hardened forewings) unlike members of the modern-day families Cupedidae and Ommatidae which have elytra with window punctures.

The family name Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968 is a junior homonym of Catiniidae Bocquet and Stock, 1957, used for a family of copepods. Ponomarenko and Prokin (2015) proposed "Coleocatiniidae" as a replacement name for the beetle family, but it is unavailable under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as it was not based on an available genus group name at the time. In Kirejtshuk and Prokin (2018), Catiniidae was treated as a synonym of Triaplidae Ponomarenko, 1977, but this synonymy was not supported by Ponomarenko (2021).

Ommatidae
The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma, Tetraphalerus and Beutelius. The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. Due to their rarity, their ecology is obscure, it is likely that their larvae feed on deadwood.
Record News Santa Catarina
Record News Santa Catarina (channel 6) is a television station in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, affiliated with Record News. The station is owned by Grupo Record, but operated locally by Grupo ND, who also controls the local affiliate of the Record network, NDTV Florianópolis.

NDTV Florianópolis
NDTV Florianópolis (channel 4) is a television station in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, affiliated with Record, flagship station of NDTV and owned by Grupo ND. NDTV Florianópolis' studios and transmitter are located on Avenida do Antão, at the Morro da Cruz.
Glossary of linear algebra
This glossary of linear algebra is a list of definitions and terms relevant to the field of linear algebra, the branch of mathematics concerned with linear equations and their representations as vector spaces.

For a glossary related to the generalization of vector spaces through modules, see glossary of module theory.

Diagonal matrix
In linear algebra, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero; the term usually refers to square matrices. Elements of the main diagonal can either be zero or nonzero. An example of a 2×2 diagonal matrix is , while an example of a 3×3 diagonal matrix is. An identity matrix of any size, or any multiple of it is a diagonal matrix called a scalar matrix, for example, . 
In geometry, a diagonal matrix may be used as a scaling matrix, since matrix multiplication with it results in changing scale (size) and possibly also shape; only a scalar matrix results in uniform change in scale.
Věřňovice
Věřňoviceⓘ (Polish: Wierzniowiceⓘ, German: Willmersdorf) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Dolní Lutyně in 1975. It lies on the border with Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

The Olza River flows through the village. Part of the river with its alluvium and surroundings is a unique environment with a fragile nature balance. In an otherwise industrialized and densely populated region, it is quite special, and hence is protected.

Olza (river)
The Olza (Czech: Olše, German: Olsa) is a river in the Czech Republic and Poland, a right tributary of the Oder River. It flows through the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland and through the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It is 89.1 km (55.4 mi) long. The river forms a significant part of the Czech-Polish state border.
The Voice Nigeria season 2
The Voice Nigeria Season 2 is the second season of the Nigerian version of the TV series The Voice. It was broadcast on Africa Magic from 18 June 2017 and was sponsored by Airtel and Coca-Cola. The winner earned a recording contract with Universal Music Group, an SUV car worth N7 million and a trip to Abu Dhabi.

Idyl was the winner of this season, marking Dakolo's first win. This was the first time of having a male winner and also the first of having a male winning coach.

The Voice Nigeria
The Voice Nigeria is the Nigerian franchise of the TV series The Voice. It is a singing competition that features music enthusiasts and professional performers. Since its first edition in 2016 in Nigeria, the show has become the biggest rival to the Nigerian Idol. It has also produced many talents and celebrated artistes in the country and Africa at large.