hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Joseph Crane
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Michael Joseph Crane (September 8, 1863 – December 26, 1928) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. He served as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania from 1921 until his death in 1928.

Dennis Joseph Dougherty
Dennis Joseph Dougherty (August 16, 1865 – May 31, 1951) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Philadelphia from 1918 until his death in 1951. He was made a cardinal in 1921. He was Philadelphia's longest-serving archbishop and its first cardinal.

Dougherty previously served as bishop of Buffalo from 1915 to 1918, and bishop of the Diocese of Jaro (1903–1908) and Diocese of Nueva Segovia (1908–1915) in the Philippines.
GNU Units
Free and open-source software portal

GNU Units is a cross-platform computer program for conversion of units of quantities. It has a database of measurement units, including esoteric and historical units. This for instance allows conversion of velocities specified in furlongs per fortnight, and pressures specified in tons per acre. Output units are checked for consistency with the input, allowing verification of conversion of complex expressions.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Georgia–Russia border
The Georgia–Russia border is the state border between Georgia and Russia. It is de jure 920 km in length and runs from the Black Sea coast in the west and then along the Greater Caucasus Mountains to the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the east, thus closely following the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. In 2008 Russia (and later four other states) recognized the independence of two self-declared republics within Georgia (Abkhazia and South Ossetia), meaning that in a de facto sense the border is now split into four sections: the Abkhazia–Russia border in the west, the western Georgia–Russia border between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the South Ossetia–Russia border and the eastern Georgia–Russia border between South Ossetia and Azerbaijan. At present most of the international community refuse to recognise the independence of the two territories and regard them as belonging to Georgia.

Georgian Military Road
42°30′15″N 44°27′14″E﻿ / ﻿42.5042°N 44.4538°E﻿ / 42.5042; 44.4538

The Georgian Military Road or Georgian Military Highway is the historic name for a major route through the Caucasus from Georgia to Russia. Alternative routes across the mountains include the Ossetian Military Road and the Transcaucasian Highway.
Union-Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft
Union-Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft (UEG) was a German subsidiary of the American Thomson-Houston Electric Company. The subsidiary was established to represent the parent company's interests in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Russia and Turkey. The company was founded in January 1892 by Thomson-Houston, Ludwig Loewe & Co. and Thyssen & Co. and existed as an independent company until it was absorbed by the AEG on February 27, 1904.

Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken
Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken Aktiengesellschaft (German Weapons and Munitions public limited company), known as DWM, was an arms company in Imperial Germany created in 1896 when Ludwig Loewe & Company united its weapons and ammunition production facilities within one company. In 1896 Loewe founded Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken with a munitions plant in Karlsruhe (Baden), formerly Deutsche Metallpatronenfabrik Lorenz, and the weapons plant in Berlin. Shares that Loewe had in other gun- and ammunition plants were transferred to DWM. This included Waffenfabrik Mauser, Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre (FN) in Belgium and Waffen- und Munitionsfabrik A.G. in Budapest. The DWM was orchestrated by Isidor Loewe (1848–1910), as his brother Ludwig had died in 1886. Karl Maybach (who was part of the Maybach company) was employed by the Loewe company in 1901.
Bård Guttormsson
Bård Guttormsson (c. 1150 – 3 April 1194) was a Norwegian Birkebeiner and a lieutenant of Sverre of Norway. Patrilineally, he was also a member of the House of Godwin.

In the Bagler sagas, Bård is described as very rich, witty, and quiet-natured. Bård was among the third generation of a wealthy family lieutenants based near Rein Church near Rissa, whose family had historically supported the kings of the House of Gille such as Sigurd II and Haakon Herdebrei.

Magnus Erlingsson
Magnus Erlingsson (Old Norse: Magnús, 1156 – 15 June 1184), also known as Magnus V, was a king of Norway during the civil war era in Norway. He helped to establish primogeniture in royal succession in Norway. King Magnus was killed in the Battle of Fimreite in 1184 against the forces of Sverre Sigurdsson who became King of Norway.
Ethyl 3-bromopropionate
Ethyl 3-bromopropionate is the organobromine compound with the formula BrCH2CH2CO2C2H5.  It is a colorless liquid and an alkylating agent.  It is prepared by the esterification of 3-bromopropionic acid.  Alternatively, it can be prepared by hydrobromination of ethyl acrylate, a reaction that proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov sense.

Organobromine chemistry
Organobromine chemistry is the study of the synthesis and properties of organobromine compounds, also called organobromides, which are organic compounds that contain carbon bonded to bromine. The most pervasive is the naturally produced bromomethane.

One prominent application of synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently the major industrial use of the element bromine.

A variety of minor organobromine compounds are found in nature, but none are biosynthesized or required by mammals. Organobromine compounds have fallen under increased scrutiny for their environmental impact.
Ann Richards (singer)
Ann Richards (née Margaret Ann Borden, October 1, 1935 – April 1, 1982) was an American pop and jazz singer. She was the second wife of bandleader Stan Kenton. She had a short career in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Isahaya Station
Isahaya Station (Japanese: 諫早駅, Hepburn: Isahaya-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in Eishō-chō, Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan. It is owned by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) and the third-sector Shimabara Railway.

Tosu Station
Tosu Station (Japanese: 鳥栖駅, Hepburn: Tosu-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of Tosu, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and is the junction between the Kagoshima Main Line and the Nagasaki Main Line.
Break Media
Break Media was an American digital media company that owned several Internet properties targeted at men (males aged 18–34 make up 70% of their visitors), including Break.com (its first website), Screen Junkies, CagePotato, Chickipedia, HolyTaco, MadeMan, AllLeftTurns, TuVez and GameFront. It was founded in June 1998 by Keith Richman. From then until its eventual merger, the company's websites experienced significant growth. Traffic across all of its websites grew by 35% in 2009, with 27.9 million visitors in February 2010. The company's network of websites, many of which create original video content, made it the 11th most popular video network online in 2010. In October 2013, Break Media merged with Alloy Digital to create Defy Media.

Break.com
Break.com (formerly Big-boys.com) was an entertainment and humor website founded in 1998 that featured comedy videos, flash games, and pictures among other material. The website's target audience was men aged 18–35.

After shutting down on November 6, 2018 when Defy Media announced that it was ceasing operations, the site reopened several months later in April 2019 under ownership of the Vietnam-based Yeah1 network.
Alexandra Gersten-Vassilaros
Alexandra I. Gersten-Vassilaros (born 1960) is an American playwright and actress. With Theresa Rebeck, she co-authored Omnium Gatherum, which was a finalist for the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Gersten-Vassilaros graduate from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She is a member of Actors Studio and HB Playwrights Foundation. She is a niece of theatrical producer Bernard Gersten.

Theresa Rebeck
Theresa Rebeck (born February 19, 1958) is an American playwright, television writer, and novelist. Her work has appeared on the Broadway and Off-Broadway stage, in film, and on television. Among her awards are the Mystery Writers of America's Edgar Award. In 2012, she received the Athena Film Festival Award for Excellence as a Playwright and Author of Films, Books, and Television. She is a 2009 recipient of the Alex Awards. Her works have influenced American playwrights by bringing a feminist edge in her old works.
Cha Cruz-Behag
Charleen Abigaile "Cha" Ramos Cruz-Behag (born May 11, 1988) is a Filipino professional volleyball player and an educator. She was a two-time University Athletic Association of the Philippines's (UAAP) Finals Most Valuable Player and was part of the De La Salle University Lady Spikers' four UAAP championships. She is known for her versatility in volleyball, earning her the moniker "Ms. Everything".

In July 2024, she was tapped as assistant coach for the Petro Gazz Angels.

2015 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference
The 2015 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference (also known as the 2015 PLDT Home Ultera Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference due to sponsorship reasons) was the fifth conference of the Philippine Super Liga and the first conference of the 2015 season. The conference began on March 21, 2015 at the Mall of Asia Arena and ended on May 14, 2015 at the Cuneta Astrodome.

The former Generika Lifesavers became Shopinas.com Lady Clickers, the original Mane 'n Tail Lady Stallions were renamed Philips Gold Lady Slammers and a new team assumed the Mane 'n Tail name, while RC Cola did not participate. The Petron Blaze Spikers became the first team to sweep a PSL tournament with a 13–0 record and claim the All-Filipino championship, its second consecutive PSL title.
Northmoor, Oxfordshire
Northmoor is a village and civil parish in West Oxfordshire, about 6 miles (10 km) west of Oxford and almost the same distance southeast of Witney. Northmoor is in the valley of the River Thames, which bounds the parish to the east and south, and is close to the River Windrush which forms part of the parish's western boundary. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 377.

River Windrush
The River Windrush is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Snowshill in Gloucestershire and flows south east for 65 km (40 mi) via Burford and Witney to meet the Thames at Newbridge in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the village of Windrush in Gloucestershire.
The Sex Machine
The Sex Machine (Italian: Conviene far bene l'amore, lit. 'Love is worth making well"', also known as Love and Energy) is a 1975 sci-fi commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile. The film is based on a novel with the same name written by the same Campanile.

Commedia sexy all'italiana
The commedia sexy all'italiana (Italian: [komˈmɛːdja ˈsɛksi allitaˈljaːna], lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata ("low-cut comedy") or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of the Italian commedia all'italiana film genre.
2022 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2022 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 3 and 9 October 2022.

Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The Campeonato Internacional de Tênis (formerly known as Tetra Pak Tennis Cup) is a tennis tournament held in Campinas, Brazil, since 2011.
The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts at the Sociedade Hípica de Campinas, hosting the longest-running Challenger event in Brazil.
Singing Valentines
Singing Valentines is the name for a fundraising program that is popular with barbershop choruses in the U.S., Canada and Australia.
The delivery of Singing Valentines is usually done by a barbershop quartet from a chapter affiliated with the three major International barbershop societies:

Barbershop Harmony Society

Sweet Adelines International

Harmony, Incorporated

This is not a variation on the singing telegram since the message is not dictated by the sender.
Rather, quartets usually deliver a canned package of one or two barbershop songs with a personalized card and either roses or chocolates.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
NGC 4491
NGC 4491 is a dwarf barred spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4491 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4491 is located in a subgroup of the Virgo Cluster centered on Messier 87 known as the Virgo A subgroup.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
The Martian Chronicles
The Martian Chronicles is a science fiction fix-up novel, published in 1950, by American writer Ray Bradbury that chronicles the exploration and settlement of Mars, the home of indigenous Martians, by Americans leaving a troubled Earth that is eventually devastated by nuclear war.

Exposition (narrative)
Narrative exposition, now often simply exposition, is the insertion of background information within a story or narrative. This information can be about the setting, characters' backstories, prior plot events, historical context, etc. In literature, exposition appears in the form of expository writing embedded within the narrative.
Veterinary medicine in Indonesia
In Indonesia, veterinary medicine has been practiced for hundreds of years. Veterinary services and education were pioneered during the Dutch colonial era. As of 2023, there are 12 universities that offer veterinary education. The professional organization for veterinarians is the Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI).

Some veterinarians in Indonesia open their own practices, either independently or in groups. Others work for the Government of Indonesia, private companies, or non-profit organizations. They provide medical services, consulting, research, and teaching. Some veterinarians also become entrepreneurs in fields related to animal health, such as in the animal drug industry, livestock, and animal food processing. The motto of Indonesian veterinarians is "manusya mriga satwa sewaka", which means "serving human welfare through the animal world."

Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association
The Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (Indonesian: Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan Indonesia) is a non-profit, professional organization representing veterinary medicine in Indonesia. The association was established on 9 January 1953 in Lembang, West Java. Its activities include professional continuing education, accreditation, and maintaining a professional code of conduct for its members. The association's headquarters are located in Jakarta.
Spot reduction
Spot reduction refers to the claim that fat in a certain area of the body can be targeted for reduction through exercise of specific muscles in that desired area. For example, exercising the abdominal muscles in an effort to lose weight in or around one's midsection. Fitness coaches and medical professionals as well as physiologists consider the claim to be disproved.

Professional fitness coach
A professional fitness coach is a professional in the field of fitness and exercise, most often instruction (fitness instructor), including professional sports club's fitness trainers and aerobics and yoga instructors and authors of fitness instruction books or manuals.
Simple Mendelian genetics in humans
Mendelian traits behave according to the model of monogenic or simple gene inheritance in which one gene corresponds to one trait. Discrete traits (as opposed to continuously varying traits such as height) with simple Mendelian inheritance patterns are relatively rare in nature, and many of the clearest examples in humans cause disorders. Discrete traits found in humans are common examples for teaching genetics.

Quantitative trait locus
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus (section of DNA) that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms. QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait. This is often an early step in identifying the actual genes that cause the trait variation.
St. Joseph's House for Homeless Industrious Boys
St. Joseph's House for Homeless Industrious Boys is a historic charity building at 1511 and 1515-1527 West Allegheny Avenue in the Nicetown-Tioga neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was designed by the Philadelphia architectural firm of Hoffman-Henon and built in 1929.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Nicetown–Tioga, Philadelphia
Nicetown–Tioga is a neighborhood in the North Philadelphia section of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It comprises two smaller, older neighborhoods, Nicetown and Tioga, although the distinction between the two is rarely emphasized today. The name "Nicetown" is often simply used to refer to any part of Nicetown–Tioga.
Ali Shafiei
Ali Shafiei (Persian: علی شفیعی, born September 21, 1991, in Amol) is an Iranian volleyball player who plays as a middle blocker for the Iranian national team and Labaniat Haraz.

He was named Breakout Star Of The 2014/15 Iranian Volleyball Super league. He made his debut for Iran against France in the 2018 Nations League. He has become a fixed member of Iran's national squad since.

Kalleh Mazandaran VC
Kalleh Mazandaran Volleyball Club (Persian: باشگاه والیبال کاله مازندران, Bâshgâh-e Vâlibâl-e Kâle-ye Mâzandarân) was an Iranian professional volleyball team based in Amol, Iran. The team was owned by Solico Group - Kalleh Company . They competed in the Iranian Volleyball Super League.

The Payambar Azam Arena in Amol, Iran was the home ground of Kalleh. The team has won the Iranian Super League twice and the Asian Club Championship once. Kalleh was dissolved in 2014 due to financial issues but was refounded just a year later.
Geology of Lesotho
The geology of Lesotho is built on ancient crystalline basement rock up to 3.6 billion years old, belonging to the Kaapvaal craton, a section of stable primordial crust. Most of the rocks in the country are sedimentary or volcanic units, belonging to the Karoo Supergroup. The country is notable for large fossil deposits and intense erosion due to high rainfall and a rare case of southern African glaciation during the last ice age. Lesotho has extensive diamonds and other natural resources and has the highest concentration of kimberlite pipes anywhere in the world.

Drakensberg Group
The Drakensberg Group is a geological group named after the Drakensberg mountain range where in its uppermost sections the rocks are found. The Drakensberg Group lies over most of Lesotho and localities in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Free State provinces of South Africa. It forms part of the greater Karoo Igneous Province, which occurs over an extensive area of southern Africa.
Shanghai Xinbao
Shanghai Xinbao (Chinese: 上海新报), also known as Shanghai Gazette or Shanghai New Daily or Shanghai Hsinpao or Shanghai News, was a commercial Chinese newspaper established in Shanghai in November 1861, edited successively by Marquis L. Wood, John Fryer and Young John Allen, which was based on the news reports translated from the North China Daily News.

The newspaper, founded by R. Alexander Jamieson, was the first Chinese language newspaper in Shanghai. It covered mostly in commercial and shipping news, with a small circulation confined to the Chinese merchants of the port.

From time to time, Shanghai Xinbao published limited but focused political news. The early focus was on the Taiping Rebellion, which increased its sales figures dramatically. On December 31, 1872, it ceased publication after a long-term competitive failure with the Shen Bao.

Shen Bao
Shen Bao (Chinese: 申報; pinyin: Shēn Bào), officially transliterated as Shun Pao or Shen-pao, known in English as Shanghai News, was a newspaper published from 1872 to 1949 in Shanghai, China. The name is short for Shenjiang Xinbao, Shenjiang being a short form of Chunshen Jiang, the old name for the Huangpu River.

The influence of the newspaper in early 20th century Shanghai was such that Shen Bao zhi, literally "Shen-pao paper", became a generic term for newspaper or newsprint.
Mikael Sorling
Nils Mikael Leslie Sorling  (born 8 March 1953) is a retired Swedish professional golfer and golf administrator. He won six Scandinavian titles as an amateur and was awarded Swedish Golfer of the Year in 1977 and 1978.

European Youths' Team Championship
The European Youths' Team Championship was a European amateur team golf championship for men under 22 organized by the European Golf Association. The inaugural event was held in 1961. It was played every year until 1982, then every second year. It was discontinued in 2006.