hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898: 16  – December 10, 1990) was an American oil tycoon, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

The son of a Russian-born communist activist, Hammer trained as a physician before beginning his career in trade with the newly established Soviet Union. Having made his fortune in pharmaceuticals and whiskey, he nearly retired before coming into control of the then-failing Occidental Petroleum in 1956. He spent the next 33 years as chief executive officer and chairman of the company, overseeing its growth to become one of the largest companies in the US. Called "Lenin's chosen capitalist" by the press, he was also known for his art collection and his close ties to the Soviet Union.

Hammer's business interests around the world and his "citizen diplomacy" helped him cultivate a wide network of friends and associates.

Committee for the Re-Election of the President
The Committee for the Re-election of the President (or the Committee to Re-elect the President, CRP, but often mocked by the acronym CREEP) was, officially, a fundraising organization of United States president Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign during the Watergate scandal. In addition to fundraising, the organization also engaged in political sabotage against Nixon's opponents, the various Democratic politicians running in the election.
Milwaukee Braves Wall of Honor
The Milwaukee Braves Wall of Honor is an exhibit located at American Family Field in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that commemorates baseball players who made significant contributions to the Milwaukee Braves Major League Baseball (MLB) team that played in the city from 1953 to 1965. Previously known as the Boston Braves, the National League (NL) team relocated from Boston, Massachusetts, to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. They won the 1957 World Series under manager Fred Haney. After playing 13 seasons at Milwaukee County Stadium, the club moved to Atlanta, Georgia, as the Atlanta Braves after the 1965 season.

The Wall of Honor was established by the Milwaukee Brewers MLB team and the Milwaukee Braves Historical Association in 2004. Each inductee is honored with a bronze plaque bearing their image and a summary of their Braves career, which is affixed to a wall on the third base concourse. As of 2020, nineteen individuals have been inducted.

Milwaukee Braves
The Milwaukee Braves were a Major League Baseball team that played in Milwaukee, from 1953 to 1965, having previously played in Boston, Massachusetts, as the Boston Braves. After relocating to Atlanta, Georgia in 1966, they were renamed the Atlanta Braves. The 13-season tenure in Milwaukee at Milwaukee County Stadium saw varying degrees of success for the franchise, winning the 1957 World Series and the National League pennant in 1958. The team never finished with a losing record.

The Milwaukee Braves had an overall win–loss record of 1,146–890–8 (.563) during their 13 years in Milwaukee. Three former Milwaukee Braves players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Israeli pavilion
The Israeli pavilion houses Israel's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. Jewish Israeli artists first participated in the 24th Venice Biennale in the Erez Israel, Artisti Palestinesi pavilion. Israel first participated in the 25th Venice Biennale in 1950.

National pavilions at the Venice Biennale
The national pavilions host each participant nation's official representation during the Venice Biennale, an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Some countries own pavilion buildings in the Giardini della Biennale while others rent buildings throughout the city, but each country controls its own selection process and production costs.
395th Bombardment Group
The 395th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was part of Second Air Force, serving as a heavy bomber training unit from February 1943 until it was inactivated on 1 April 1944 in a reorganization of Army Air Forces training units..

Operational - Replacement Training Units
Operational Training Units (OTU) and Replacement Training Units (RTU) were training organizations of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Unlike the schools of the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC), OTU-RTU units were operational units of the four domestic numbered air forces along with I Troop Carrier Command and Air Transport Command, with the mission of final phase training new pilots or crews.  Most  were disbanded in the spring of 1944 and replaced by combat crew replacement centers assigned to base units.
Anglican Diocese of Abuja
The Anglican Diocese of Abuja is one of 13 dioceses within the Anglican Province of Abuja, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. As of March 2020, the bishop is the Right Rev. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba, who is also Primate of the Church of Nigeria.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
SS Doric Star
SS Doric Star was a British cargo liner operated by the Blue Star Line from 1922 to 1939, when she was intercepted and sunk by the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee off the coast of South West Africa, becoming the seventh victim of the commerce raiding sortie of Graf Spee.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Lada Kaštelan
Lada Kaštelan (born 2 May 1961) is a Croatian dramatist and screenwriter.

Between 1987 and 2007, Kaštelan worked as a dramaturge at the Croatian National Theatre, Zagreb. Since 2007, she has been a professor at the Academy of Dramatic Art, University of Zagreb.

Kaštelan's screenplay for Fragments: Chronicle of a Vanishing, co-written with Zrinko Ogresta, received the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay at the 1992 Pula Film Festival. Her play Giga i njezini received the 1995 Marin Držić Award.

Marin Držić
Marin Držić (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [mâriːn dř̩ːʒitɕ]; also Marino Darza or Marino Darsa; 1508 – 2 May 1567) was a Ragusan writer from Dubrovnik. He is considered to be one of the finest Renaissance playwrights and prose writers of Croatian literature.
Daichi Osera
Daichi Ohsera (大瀬良 大地, Ōsera Daichi; born June 17, 1991) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was the Carp's top pick in the 2013 autumn draft.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
Flag (linear algebra)
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a flag is an increasing sequence of subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space V. Here "increasing" means each is a proper subspace of the next (see filtration):

The term flag is motivated by a particular example resembling a flag: the zero point, a line, and a plane correspond to a nail, a staff, and a sheet of fabric.

If we write that dimVi = di then we have

where n is the dimension of V (assumed to be finite). Hence, we must have k ≤ n. A flag is called a complete flag if di = i for all i, otherwise it is called a partial flag.

A partial flag can be obtained from a complete flag by deleting some of the subspaces. Conversely, any partial flag can be completed (in many different ways) by inserting suitable subspaces.

The signature of the flag is the sequence (d1, ..., dk).

Linear subspace
In mathematics, and more specifically in linear algebra, a linear subspace or vector subspace is a vector space that is a subset of some larger vector space. A linear subspace is usually simply called a subspace when the context serves to distinguish it from other types of subspaces.
Vareš
Vareš is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is famous for the local mining activities and production of iron. As of 2013, it has a population of 8,892 inhabitants, with 2,917 in the town itself.

Kevin Porter Jr.
Bryan Kevin Porter Jr. (born May 4, 2000), also known by his initials KPJ, is an American professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the USC Trojans.
Trompa de Ribagorza
The trompa de ribagorza is a double-reeded wind instrument, revived by Mariano Pascual based oi instruments preserved in Graus, similar to those used in the 19th century by the pipers of Caserras del Castillo and other areas in Baja Ribagorza Oriental.

Double reed
A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. In contrast with a single-reed instrument, where the instrument is played by channeling air against one piece of cane which vibrates against the mouthpiece and creates a sound, a double reed features two pieces of cane vibrating against each other. This means, for instruments with the double reed fully exposed, that the air flow can be controlled by the embouchure from the top, bottom and sides of the reed. The term double reeds can also refer collectively to the class of instruments which use double reeds.
Caesium nitrate
Caesium nitrate or cesium nitrate is a salt with the chemical formula CsNO3. An alkali metal nitrate, it is used in pyrotechnic compositions, as a colorant and an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares. The caesium emissions are chiefly due to two powerful spectral lines at 852.113 nm and 894.347 nm.

Caesium nitrate prisms are used in infrared spectroscopy, in x-ray phosphors, and in scintillation counters. It is also used in making optical glasses and lenses.

As with other alkali metal nitrates, caesium nitrate decomposes on gentle heating to give caesium nitrite:

2 CsNO3  →  2 CsNO2 + O2

Caesium also forms two unusual acid nitrates, which can be described as CsNO3·HNO3 and CsNO3·2HNO3 (melting points 100 °C and 36–38 °C respectively).

Pyrotechnic colorant
A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular colour. These are used to create the colours in pyrotechnic compositions like fireworks and coloured fires. The colour-producing species are usually created from other chemicals during the reaction. Metal salts are commonly used; elemental metals are used rarely (e.g. copper for blue flames).

The colour of the flame is dependent on the metal cation; the anion of the salt has very little direct influence. The anions however influence the flame temperature, both by increasing it (e.g. nitrates, chlorates) and decreasing it (e.g. carbonates, oxalates), indirectly influencing the flame brightness and brilliancy. For temperature-decreasing additives, the limit of colorant may be about 10–20 wt.% of the composition.

Some common examples are:
Alpine Avalanche
The Alpine Avalanche is a weekly newspaper based in Alpine, Texas, United States, and covering Brewster County.

It has local news stories and advertisements, and it has almost no coverage of news outside of the area.

In 1982, its circulation was 4,850, with vendor/counter/dealer sales being 2,196.

Brewster County, Texas
Brewster County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in West Texas and its county seat (and only city) is Alpine. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region, and borders Mexico. Brewster County is the largest county by area in the state - at 6,192 square miles (16,040 km2) it is over three times the size of the state of Delaware, and more than 500 square miles (1,300 km2) bigger than Connecticut.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,546.

The county is named for Colonel Henry Percy Brewster, a Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas.
2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – Pool B (Kuala Lumpur)
Pool B (Kuala Lumpur) of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Asia/Oceania zone of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup. Five teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I in 2023.

2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II zonal competition involving teams from Asia/Oceania. Using the positions determined in their pools, the eighteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II. The top two teams advanced to Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.
Gary Grimshaw
Gary Grimshaw (February 25, 1946 – January 13, 2014) was an American graphic artist active in Detroit and San Francisco who specialized in designing rock concert posters. He was also a radical political activist with the White Panther Party and related organizations.

Stanley Mouse
Stanley George Miller (born October 10, 1940), better known as Mouse or Stanley Mouse, is an American artist who is notable for his 1960s psychedelic rock concert poster designs and album covers for the Grateful Dead, Journey, and other bands.
Spørteggbreen
Spørteggbreen is a glacier in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  It is the 12th largest glacier in Norway. It lies between the Jostedalsbreen and Harbardsbreen glaciers. The 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) glacier lies inside Breheimen National Park. The village of Jostedal lies 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the west and the village of Skjolden lies 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the southeast.

Grånosi (in the northeastern part of the glacier) is the highest point on the glacier at 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) above sea level, and the lowest point is at 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) above sea level.

Jostedalen
Jostedalen is a river valley in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 60-kilometre (37 mi) long valley runs from the Lustrafjorden at the village of Gaupne, to the north along the river Jostedøla and along the eastern side of the Jostedal Glacier. The valley is deep, but the valley floor lies over long stretches of flat river plains interrupted by steep steps. In the north, the landscape gets pretty wild. The Jostedalsbreen National Park surrounds the valley, which brings a lot of tourism to the area. The Nigardsbreen glacier is also accessible from the valley.
Electric Tramway Spandau-Nonnendamm
The Electric Tramway Spandau-Nonnendamm GmbH (SpN) – colloquially known as Nonnendammbahn – was a tramway company that operated between 1909 and 1914, originating from a tram line established by Siemens & Halske in 1908. Three months after its founding, the then-independent city of Spandau acquired all shares in the railway, and its operations were taken over by the Municipal Tramway of Spandau the following year. With the deletion of Nonnendammbahn from the commercial register in 1914, it was fully integrated into the Spandau tramway.

The route operated by Nonnendammbahn between Spandau Old Town and Siemensstadt was last served by Line 55 of the Berlin tramway, which the Berlin Transport Authority discontinued on October 2, 1967, as the last tram line in West Berlin.

Spandau
Spandau (German: [ˈʃpandaʊ] ⓘ) is the westernmost of the 12 boroughs (Bezirke) of Berlin, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of the Havel. It is the smallest borough by population, but the fourth largest by land area.
Langlitinden
Langlitinden is the highest mountain on the island of Andørja and is also the highest mountain on any Norwegian island (except Beerenberg, Jan Mayen). It is located on the northeastern part of the island in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway, just to the south of the Mjøsund Bridge and just northwest of the shore of the Astafjorden. The mountain is 1,276 m (4,186 ft) tall.

Astafjorden
Astafjorden (Norwegian) or Ástavierda (Northern Sami) is a fjord (more accurately, a strait) in Troms county, Norway. It flows through the municipalities of Salangen, Gratangen, Ibestad, and Tjeldsund. The 30-kilometre (19 mi) long fjord flows from the Salangen fjord in the east to the Vågsfjorden in the west. The 3.5-kilometre (2.2 mi) wide fjord separates the islands of Andørja and Rolla from the mainland. There are several small fjords that branch off this fjord including: Lavangen, Gratangen, Grovfjorden, and Salangen.
2014 Kunshan explosion
The 2014 Kunshan explosion (Chinese: 2014年昆山中荣工厂爆炸事故; pinyin: 2014 Nián Kūnshān Zhōngróng Gōngchǎng Bàozhà Shìgù) was a dust explosion that occurred at Zhongrong Metal Production Company, an automotive parts factory located in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China, on 2 August 2014. As of December 30, 2014, the explosion killed 146 workers and injured 114 others.

Dust explosion
A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air within an enclosed location. Dust explosions can occur where any dispersed powdered combustible material is present in high-enough concentrations in the atmosphere or other oxidizing gaseous medium, such as pure oxygen. In cases when fuel plays the role of a combustible material, the explosion is known as a fuel-air explosion.

Dust explosions are a frequent hazard in coal mines, grain elevators and silos, and other industrial environments. They are also commonly used by special effects artists, filmmakers, and pyrotechnicians, given their spectacular appearance and ability to be safely contained under certain carefully controlled conditions.

Thermobaric weapons exploit this principle by rapidly saturating an area with an easily combustible material and then igniting it to produce explosive force. These weapons are the most powerful non-nuclear explosives in existence.
2013 Mackay Cutters season
The 2013 Mackay Cutters season was the sixth in the club's history. Coached by Kim Williams and captained by Jardine Bobongie and Joel Clinton, they competed in the QRL's Intrust Super Cup. The club enjoyed their most successful season, finishing the regular season in second place and defeating the Easts Tigers 27–20 in the Grand Final to win their first premiership.

Brisbane Tigers
The Brisbane Tigers are a rugby league club based at Langlands Park, in the suburb of Coorparoo in Brisbane, Australia. Since 1996, they have competed in the Queensland Cup, having competed in the Brisbane Rugby League from 1934 to 1997, where they won eight premierships.

Formed as Coorparoo in 1917, the club became the Eastern Suburbs Tigers in 1933, commonly referred to as Easts Tigers or Easts. In 2020, the club re-branded as the Brisbane Tigers, keeping their traditional colours of gold and black.
East Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania
East Marlborough Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 7,305 at the 2020 census. East Marlborough and West Marlborough townships were carved out of the larger Marlborough Township in 1729. The township is home to many Penn Oak trees, trees that were in existence when William Penn explored the area.

The well-known Longwood Gardens is located in East Marlborough Township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Otomops
Otomops is a genus of bat in the family Molossidae. Molecular sequence data supports it as a monophyletic taxon, although not a number of other molossid genera.

Otomops contains the following species:

O. formosus, Javan mastiff bat

O. harrisoni, Harrison's large-eared giant mastiff bat

O. johnstonei, Johnstone's mastiff bat

O. madagascariensis, Madagascar free-tailed bat

O. martiensseni, large-eared free-tailed bat

O. papuensis, big-eared mastiff bat

O. secundus, mantled mastiff bat

O. wroughtoni, Wroughton's free-tailed bat

Big-eared mastiff bat
The big-eared mastiff bat (Otomops papuensis) is a species of bat in the Molossidae family endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is only known from eleven specimens and it is not easy to survey. It forages in rainforest canopy and roosts in tree hollows. It is likely more widespread than currently known but additional research is needed.
Acuto
Acuto (local dialect: Aùto) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Frosinone on a ridge of the Monti Ernici.

Acuto borders the following municipalities: Anagni, Ferentino, Fiuggi, Piglio.

Anagni
Anagni (Italian pronunciation: [aˈnaɲɲi]) is an ancient town and comune in the  province of Frosinone, Lazio, in the hills east-southeast of Rome. It is a historical and artistic centre of the Latin Valley.
Asclepias lanceolata
Asclepias lanceolata, the fewflower milkweed, is a species of milkweed that is native to the coastal plain of the United States from New Jersey to Florida and Southeast Texas. A. lanceolata is an upright, perennial plant that can grow between 3 and 5 feet tall, with red-orange flowers blooming in the summer months.  It can also be referred to as Cedar Hill milkweed, as it was first described by Dr. Eli Ives in the neighborhood of Cedar Hill  in New Haven, Connecticut.

Asclepias
Asclepias is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans and many other species, primarily due to the presence of cardenolides. However, as with many such plants, some species feed upon milkweed leaves or the nectar from their flowers. A noteworthy feeder on milkweeds is the monarch butterfly, which uses and requires certain milkweeds as host plants for its larvae.

The Asclepias genus contains over 200 species distributed broadly across Africa, North America, and South America. It previously belonged to the family Asclepiadaceae, which is now classified as the subfamily Asclepiadoideae of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae.