hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (c. June 1075 – 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1106 and elected King of Germany in 1125 before being crowned emperor in Rome. The son of the Saxon count Gebhard of Supplinburg, his reign was troubled by the constant intriguing of the Hohenstaufens, Duke Frederick II of Swabia and Duke Conrad of Franconia. He died while returning from a successful campaign against the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.

Holstein
Holstein (/ˈhoʊlstaɪn/; German: [ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen; Danish: Holsten; Latin: Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.

Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (German: Grafschaft Holstein; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig). The capital of Holstein is Kiel.

Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" or "hill-sitters" (Northern Low Saxon: Hol(t)saten; German: Holzsassen).
Mamelodi Sundowns Academy
Mamelodi Sundowns Academy is a South African football reserve team based in Mamelodi, Pretoria in the Gauteng province. The U/23 team plays in the PSL Reserve League and the junior teams in the Gauteng Development Leagues.

It is the academy of Mamelodi Sundowns. In 2016 the U17 team won the Gothia Cup.

Paulo Cardoso is the Head of Academy.

Thabo Moloisane
Thabo Moloisane (born 24 February 1999) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defender for Stellenbosch in the Premier Soccer League.

He was a youth player for Mamelodi Sundowns, and played for South Africa U20, among others at the 2019 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations, the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup and the 2019 African Games.

As a senior player, Moloisane played for Cape Town All Stars in the second tier and was team captain. In 2022 he moved to Maritzburg United, making his first-tier debut, but the team was relegated from the 2022-23 South African Premier Division. Moloisane stayed in the top flight, as he was signed by Stellenbosch in July 2023. His first achievement in Stellenbosch was reaching the final of the Carling Black Label Cup and then winning the final against TS Galaxy.

After the 2024 season concluded, he was selected for the 2024 COSAFA Cup. He made his Bafana Bafana debut against Mozambique.
Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison FRSC (born 1958) is a Canadian evolutionary biologist, arachnologist, and biological illustrator. He is Canada Research Chair in Biodiversity and a professor at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Lindridge
Lindridge is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills District in the north of the county of Worcestershire, England, near the Shropshire border and the town of Tenbury Wells. The parish is extensive, and includes the hamlets of Eardiston, Lindridge, and Frith Common. The area around the village is known for its extensive hop fields. The civil parish population was 760 at the 2021 census.

Frith Common
Frith Common is a village in Worcestershire, England.

Frith Common is a village on the north side of the Teme valley, in the parish of Lindridge. It consists of less than sixty houses which encircle a mixed woodland. The parish of Lindridge has an approximate population of 700
Culter Hills
The Culter Hills, Coulter Fells or variations thereof, are a range of hills, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. They are neighboured to the east by the Manor Hills and are split roughly in half by the border between South Lanarkshire and the Scottish Borders.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Ascraeus Mons
Ascraeus Mons /əˈskriːəs ˈmɒnz/ is a large shield volcano located in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the northernmost and tallest of three shield volcanoes collectively known as the Tharsis Montes.

Lava tube
A lava tube, more rarely called a pyroduct or lava tunnel, is a natural roofed conduit along which molten lava flows from a volcanic vent. If lava in the tube drains out, it will leave an empty cave. Lava tubes are common in low-viscosity volcanic systems. Lava tubes are important as they are able to transport molten lava much further away from the eruptive vent than lava channels. A tube-forming lava flow can emplace on longer distance due to the presence of a solid crust protecting the molten lava from atmospheric cooling. Lava tubes are often considered when preparing hazard maps or managing an eruptive crisis.
Charles A. Reed (fireboat)
The Charles A. Reed was the City of Toronto's first official fireboat. She was commissioned in 1923. Previously the privately owned T.J. Clark had provided firefighting capability.

The Charles A. Reed was used well into the 1950s and retired in 1964 and replaced by William Lyon Mackenzie.

The Charles A. Reed was deployed to fight the fire that destroyed the SS Noronic in 1949 at Pier 9. Historian Mike Filey described the vessel's wooden hull being damaged by the heat of the Noronic's blaze.  Filey said the vessel was a converted pleasure craft.

Filey wrote that the vessel's namesake, Charles Ardagh Reed, served a single term as Ward 3 (The Ward) Alderman from 1922 to 1923.  He wrote that there is no record of the association with the fire department, that triggered him being honoured by having a fireboat named after him.

William Lyon Mackenzie (fireboat)
William Lyon Mackenzie, is a fireboat operated by Toronto Fire Services (TFS) which provides marine fire fighting and icebreaking capabilities within the Toronto Harbour. Built by Russel Brothers in 1964, it is named after William Lyon Mackenzie, the first mayor of Toronto. In 2004 the fireboat was refurbished and it is expected to be in service until 2037.
Eric Longden
Eric Longden was a British cyclecar brand manufactured from 1920 to 1927, originally by the Australian racing driver Eric Longden, and from 1922 by the Air Navigation and Engineering Company from Addlestone (Surrey). ANEC also built the  Blériot-Whippet.

In 1922 there were four models: The 8 hp and 10 hp both had V2 engines. The 8 hp was side-valved and had a 1.0 litre displacement, while the 10 hp had overhead valves and a 1.1 litre displacement. There were also two side-valve four-cylinder models, the 9 hp, with a 1.1 litre displacement and the 11 hp with 1.3 litre displacement. Both four-cylinder versions had a wheelbase of 2489 mm.

During 1923, the 11 hp changed to a slightly smaller engine of 1.25 litres and an extended 2540 mm wheelbase. From 1924 onwards, this was the only model offered.

Cyclecar
A cyclecar was a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive motorized car manufactured in Europe and the United States between 1910 and the early 1920s. The purpose of cyclecars was to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the car. It could accommodate only two passengers, often sitting in tandem.

The demise of cyclecars was due to larger cars – such as the Citroën Type C, Austin 7 and Morris Cowley – becoming more affordable. Small, inexpensive vehicles reappeared after World War II, and were known as microcars.
Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Coeur-d'Issoudun
Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur-d'Issoudun (French pronunciation: [nɔtʁə dam dy sakʁe kœʁ disudœ̃], lit. 'Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of Issoudun') is a parish municipality in Lotbinière Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 867 as of the 2021 Canadian census. It is known mostly as Issoudun, given the length of the official name.

The name honours the origin of a group of Missionaries of the Sacred Heart who came to Quebec City in 1900, from Issoudun, France.

On August 11, 1957, Maritime Central Airways Flight 315 crashed near Issoudun, killing 79 people.

Lotbinière Regional County Municipality
Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [lɔtbinjɛʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. It is an almost exclusively rural RCM, with no village with a population above 4,000. As of the 2016 Canadian census, the RCM had a population of 31,741. Its seat is in Sainte-Croix.
Gang Rags
Gang Rags is the fourth studio album by American rapper Blaze Ya Dead Homie. Released on June 22, 2010, it was produced by Mike E. Clark, and features appearances by guests Kottonmouth Kings, The Dayton Family, Anybody Killa and Insane Clown Posse. One of five different colored bandanas was included in the packaging of each album. Gang Rags debuted at number 52 on the Billboard 200.

Violent J
Joseph Frank Bruce (born April 28, 1972), known by his stage name Violent J, is an American rapper, record producer, professional wrestler, actor, and part of the hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse (ICP). He is a co-founder of the record label Psychopathic Records, with fellow ICP rapper Shaggy 2 Dope (Joseph Utsler) and their former manager, Alex Abbiss. Also along with Utsler, Bruce is the co-founder of the professional wrestling promotion Juggalo Championship Wrestling.
Reed Creek (Virginia)
Reed Creek is a tributary to the Smith River in the United States state of Virginia. Reed Creek is in the Streams category for Henry County, Virginia. Reed Creek is displayed on the Martinsville West USGS quad topo map for Martinsville, Virginia. The approximate elevation of Reed Creek is 722 feet (220 meters) above sea level. Reed Creek is also displayed on the USGS quad maps for Bassett, Virginia and Snow Creek, Virginia.

"In the mid-1700s, the forts of Mayo and Trial were built as part of a line of forts constructed to protect the settlers from Indians throughout the colonies. Fort Trial was on the Smith River, at the mouth of Reed Creek, near the town that today is called Martinsville. George Washington visited both of these remote outposts during his 1756 inspection of frontier forts."

Smith River (Virginia)
The Smith River is a river in the U.S. states of Virginia and North Carolina. It is a tributary of the Dan River, which it joins at Eden, North Carolina. According to the United States Geological Survey and regional histories, variant names are Irvin River, Irvine River, Irwin River, and Smith's River.

The Smith River is a tailrace stream, fed by water from Philpott Lake. Water flow is regulated at Philpott Dam according to the demands of hydroelectric power generation, downstream water temperature control, and adequate water levels for recreational use. From its source at Philpott Dam, the river runs 44.5 mi through Franklin County and Henry County before reaching the North Carolina border. After crossing the border, the Smith River runs an additional 5.25 miles through Rockingham County, North Carolina before its confluence with the Dan River.

Smith River offers year round trout habitat from Philpot through Martinsville. Headwaters come from Philpot Lake Dam.
Ropar Meeting
The Ropar Meeting in October 1831 was between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of the East India Company, on the banks of the river Satluj, in a town of the same name.  Ranjit Singh's fame had reached its peak, attracting the attention and friendship of sovereigns from afar.

Kharak Singh
Kharak Singh (22 February 1801 – 5 November 1840) was the second maharaja of the Sikh Empire, ruling from June 1839 until his dethronement and imprisonment in October 1839. He was the eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, and his consort, Maharani Datar Kaur. Kharak was succeeded by his only son, Nau Nihal Singh.
Ex turpi causa non oritur actio
Ex turpi causa non oritur actio (Latin "action does not arise from a dishonourable cause") is a legal doctrine which states that a plaintiff will be unable to pursue legal relief and damages if it arises in connection with their own tortious act. The corresponding Ex turpe causa non oritur damnum, "From a dishonourable cause, no damage arises" is a similar construction.  Particularly relevant in the law of contract, tort and trusts, ex turpi causa is also known as the illegality defence, since a defendant may plead that even though, for instance, he broke a contract, conducted himself negligently or broke an equitable duty, nevertheless a claimant by reason of his own illegality cannot sue. The UK Supreme Court provided a thorough reconsideration of the doctrine in 2016 in Patel v Mirza.

Legal doctrine
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. For example, a doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process, it may become established as the de facto method of deciding like situations.
Isthmic organizer
The isthmic organizer, or isthmus organizer, also known as the midbrain−hindbrain boundary (MHB), is a secondary organizer region that develops at the junction of the midbrain and metencephalon (embryonic hindbrain). The MHB expresses signaling molecules that regulate the differentiation and patterning of the adjacent neuroepithelium. This allows for the development of the midbrain and hindbrain as well as the specification of neuronal subtypes in these regions. The fact that the MHB is sufficient for the development of the mid and hindbrain was shown in an experiment where quail MHB cells transplanted into the forebrain of a chick were able to induce an ectopic midbrain and cerebellum.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
2014 Delaware Senate election
The 2014 Delaware Senate election was held on November 4, 2014 to elect 10 of the 21 members to Delaware's Senate. The election coincided with the elections for other offices, including the U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and state house. The primary election was held on September 9, 2014.

Delaware Republicans needed to have a net gain of 3 seats to flip the chamber from the Democrats, however, they gained only 1 seat (winning 9 seats compared to 12 seats for the Democrats).

2014 Delaware elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Delaware on November 4, 2014. Half of Delaware's executive officers were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat and Delaware's at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on September 9, 2014. As of 2025, this was the last time Republicans won any statewide election in Delaware.
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's RS:X
The Women's RS:X was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics program in Qingdao International Sailing Centre. Eleven races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 27 sailors, on 27 boards, from 27 nations competed. Ten boards qualified for the medal race.

Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly the cancelled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 2008 consisted of a total of nine sailing classes (eleven disciplines). Eleven races are scheduled for each event except for the 49er class, for which 16 races are scheduled from 9 August 2008 to 21 August 2008 of the coast of the Qingdao International Sailing Centre facing the Yellow Sea. Of the 11 (16) races, 10 (15) are scheduled as opening races and one as a medal race. The sailing was done on four different types of courses.
Ezra 1
Ezra 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra–Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally believe that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books.

Ezra 1 contains a narrative of the Edict of Cyrus and the initial return of exiles to Judah led by Sheshbazzar as well as the restoration of the sacred temple vessels. It also introduces the section comprising chapters 1 to 6 describing the history before the arrival of Ezra in the land of Judah  in 468 BCE. The opening sentence of this chapter (and this book) is identical to the final sentence of 2 Chronicles.

Isaiah 45
Isaiah 45 is the forty-fifth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.
Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination
To face the shortage of Indian Police Service officers in India as a result the high attrition in the Indian Police Service, the Ministry of Home Affairs proposed the formation of Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination to be conducted by UPSC. IPS Limited Competitive Examination was held for the first time in 2012. This is in addition to the Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC itself, for recruitment to the various civil services including Indian Police Service.The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) has struck down the examination following the challenge by some state cadre police officers. Consequent to the CAT verdict, UPSC has withheld the declaration of final results of 2012 examination. Now, the Ministry of Home Affairs is trying to sort out the legal matters as soon as possible.

Civil Services Examination
The Civil Services Examination (CSE) is a standardised test in India conducted by the Union Public Service Commission(UPSC) for recruitment to higher civil services in the Government of India, such as the All India Services and Central Civil Services (Group A and a few Group B posts).

It is conducted in three phases: a preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers (Paper I consisting of General Studies and Paper II, referred to as the Civil Service Aptitude Test or CSAT), and a main examination consisting of nine papers of conventional (essay) type, in which two papers are qualifying and only marks of seven are counted; finally followed by a personality test (interview). A successful candidate sits for 32 hours of examination during the complete process spanning around one year.
Albert Schweitzer (train)
The Albert Schweitzer was a short-lived express train that linked Dortmund Hbf in Dortmund, Germany, with Strasbourg-Ville in Strasbourg, France.  Introduced in 1980, it was operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and the SNCF.

The train was named after Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965), a German and then French theologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary, who was born in the province of Alsace-Lorraine and educated partly in Strasbourg.

The Albert Schweitzer was a first-class-only Trans Europ Express (TEE) and operated on Mondays to Fridays only.  It was intended mainly to provide transport between Bonn, then the capital of West Germany, and the European Parliament in Strasbourg.  It was discontinued in 1983.

Trans Europ Express
The Trans Europ Express, or Trans-Europe Express (TEE), was an international first-class railway service in western and central Europe that was founded in 1957 and ceased in 1995. At the height of its operations, in 1974, the TEE network comprised 45 trains, connecting 130 different cities, from Spain in the west to Austria in the east, and from Denmark to Southern Italy.
PKS 1610−771
PKS 1610−771 is a quasar located in the southern constellation of Apus. Its redshift is (z) 1.710 and it was first discovered by the Molongo Radio Telescope in 1972. This object is known to be radio-loud and has a radio spectrum, appearing as flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar.

Flat-spectrum radio quasar
A flat-spectrum radio quasar, also known as a optically violent variable quasar or OVV quasar, is a type of highly variable quasar. It is a subtype of blazar that consists of a few rare, bright radio galaxies, whose visible light output can change by 50% in a day. OVV quasars have essentially become unified with highly polarized quasars (HPQ), core-dominated quasars (CDQ), and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ).  At visible wavelengths, they are similar in appearance to BL Lac objects but generally have stronger broad emission lines.

Different terms are used, but the term FSRQ is gaining popularity, effectively making the other terms archaic. The term FSRQ comes from the distinction between steep spectrum and flat spectrum radio-loud quasars, based on the overall shape of their radio continuum (after disregarding emission features).
1973 French Open – Men's doubles
Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan were the defending champions but only Frew McMillan competed that year with Bob Carmichael. Bob Carmichael and Frew McMillan lost in the semifinals to John Newcombe and Tom Okker.

John Newcombe and Tom Okker won in the final 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 against Jimmy Connors and Ilie Năstase.

Frew McMillan
Frew Donald McMillan (born 20 May 1942) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa who won five grand slam doubles titles including three Wimbledons with Bob Hewitt. All together, he won 63 doubles titles, surpassed only by the Bryan brothers, Daniel Nestor, Mark Woodforde, Todd Woodbridge, John McEnroe and Tom Okker. He was also ranked No.1 in Doubles on the ATP Computer for a significant period from 1977 to 1979 when he was aged 37.