hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Year 12
Year 12 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the twelfth or thirteenth year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education. It usually incorporates students aged between 16 and 18, depending on the locality. It is also known as "senior year" in parts of Australia, where it is the final year of compulsory education. Year Twelve in England and Wales, and in New Zealand, is the equivalent of Eleventh grade, junior year, or grade 11 in the US and parts of Canada.

Year 13
Year 13 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England and Wales, Northern Ireland and New Zealand. It is sometimes the thirteenth, fourteenth and final year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education.
Norwegian Dakotan
A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American (a person with Norwegian ancestry) in the U.S. states of North and South Dakota. One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage, which is the highest among all U.S. states. South Dakota is number three, behind Minnesota. The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920.

As of 2009, 312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry, 21.4% of the region's population (30.8% of North Dakota's population and 14.0% of South Dakota's population), or 6.7% of the total Norwegian American population.

McHenry County, North Dakota
McHenry County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,345. The county seat is Towner, and largest city is Velva.

McHenry County is part of the Minot micropolitan area.
Tommo So
Tommo So is a language spoken in the eastern part of Mali's Mopti Region. It is placed under the Dogon language family, a subfamily of the Niger-Congo language family.

There are approximately 60,000 speakers of Tommo So. Of the twelve Dogon languages, it is the second-most common. It is classed as a 6a (vigorous) language under Ethnologue's language status classifications—the language is "used for face-to-face communication by all generations and the situation is sustainable." Children are still acquiring Tommo So as their first language. Bambara and French (Mali's lingua franca and national language) are common second languages for Tommo So speakers, with the former being common among those that have spent time in other areas of Mali, and the latter being used to communicate in the classroom or with foreigners.

Bambara language
Bambara, also known as Malian, Bamana (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲) or Bamanankan (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲; Arabic script: بَمَنَنكَن), is a lingua franca and national language of Mali spoken by perhaps 14 million people, natively by 4.2 million Bambara people and about 10 million second-language users. It is estimated that about 80 percent of the population of Mali speak Bambara as a first or second language. It has a subject–object–verb clause structure and two lexical tones.
Osterville Baptist Church
The Osterville Baptist Church is an historic Baptist church building at 824 Main Street in the Osterville village of Barnstable, Massachusetts. The white clapboarded wood-frame structure was built in 1837 for a congregation formed two years earlier. It is one of the older buildings in Osterville, and is a fine example of the Greek Revival with Gothic Revival elements. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Barnstable, Massachusetts
Barnstable (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ BARN-stə-bəl) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have been granted city forms of government by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts but wish to retain "the town of" in their official names. At the 2020 census it had a population of 48,916. The town contains several villages (one of which is also named Barnstable) within its boundaries. Its largest village, Hyannis, is the central business district of the Cape, and home to Barnstable Municipal Airport, the airline hub of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Additionally, Barnstable is a 2007 winner of the All-America City Award.
Peniculus (crustacean)
Peniculus is a genus of marine copepods in the family Pennellidae. They occur worldwide and typically parasitize coastal or epipelagic fish, with the exception of Peniculus hokutoae that was found parasitizing a mesopelagic myctophid, Symbolophorus evermanni.

Pennellidae
Pennellidae is a family of parasitic copepods. When anchored on a host, they have a portion of the body on the outside of the host, whereas the remaining anterior part of the parasite is hidden inside tissues of the host.
Cold War in Asia
The Cold War in Asia was a major dimension of the worldwide Cold War that shaped diplomacy and warfare from the mid-1940s to 1991.  The main countries involved were the United States, the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, South Korea, North Vietnam, South Vietnam,  Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Thailand, Laos, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan (Republic of China). In the late 1950s, divisions between China and the Soviet Union deepened, culminating in the Sino-Soviet split, and the two then vied for control of communist movements across the world, especially in Asia.

Malayan National Liberation Army
The Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) was a Communist guerrilla army that fought for Malayan independence from the British Empire during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) and later fought against the Malaysian government in the Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989). Many MNLA fighters were former members of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), including its leader Chin Peng.

The group was also referred to as the Malayan Races Liberation Army owing to a mistranslation.

In 1989 the Communist Party of Malaya signed a peace treaty with the Malaysian state, and the MNLA and the Party settled in villages in southern Thailand.
1995 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1995 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 108th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Cuala entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 1 October 1995 at Lawless Park in Swords, between O'Tooles and St Vincent's, in what was their fourth meeting in the final overall. O'Tooles won the match by 2–08 to 0–10 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in five years.

1990 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1990 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 103rd staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Cuala entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 29 July 1990 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between O'Tooles and St Vincent's, in what was their third meeting in the final overall. O'Tooles won the match by 2–16 to 1–13 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in six years.
Gwelup Croatia SC
Gwelup Croatia is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in Gwelup in Perth, Western Australia, founded in 1988. Gwelup Croatia currently competes in the Football West State League 1, with matches played at the Croatian Sporting Complex in Gwelup. They also compete in the  Metropolitan League, Masters League, Ladies League, and in Juniors teams. The club regularly competes in the Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament.

In 2018 they qualified for the Round of 32 in the FFA Cup.

Football West State League
The Football West State League  is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia consisting of two divisions. The league sits at Levels 2 and 3 on the Western Australian league system (Levels 3 and 4 of the overall Australian league system). The competition is administered by Football West, the governing body of the sport in the state. Division 1 has been called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011.
Salah al-Din al-Ala'i
Abū Saʿīd Khalīl b. Kaykaldī b. ʿAbdallāh al-ʿAlāʾī (Arabic: أبو سعيد خليل بن كيكالدي بن عبد الله العلائي), also known as Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-ʿAlāʾī (Arabic: صلاح الدين العلائي), was a Sunni polymath of the Mamlūk era. He was a distinguished Shāfiʿī jurist, legal theorist, ḥadīth master, historian, genealogist, Qurʾānic exegete, theologian, grammarian, philologist, poet, and man of letters. He was regarded as one of the most eminent ḥadīth scholars of his time, renowned for his profound mastery of isnād (chains of transmission), matn (textual analysis), rijāl (biographical evaluation of transmitters), and ʿilal (hidden defects in transmission).

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Australian Conservation Foundation v Woodside Energy
Australian Conservation Foundation Incorporated v. Woodside Energy Ltd & Anor is a discontinued case in the Federal Court of Australia, initiated by the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) with representation from the Environmental Defenders Office (EDO). The case sought an injunction against Woodside Energy's Scarborough gas project due to its potential climate impacts on the Great Barrier Reef.

National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority
The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is the Australian Government offshore energy regulator responsible for the health and safety, well integrity and environmental management aspects of offshore oil and gas operations in Australian Commonwealth waters; and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred by state governments.

NOPSEMA was established under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act). It is a corporate Commonwealth entity under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, and an independent statutory agency under the Public Service Act 1999. NOPSEMA is part of the Industry, Science, Energy and Resources portfolio.

Under NOPSEMA's corporate structure, its chief executive officer is accountable to the Federal Minister for Resources, Water and Northern Australia. Mr Stuart Smith was appointed chief executive officer of NOPSEMA in September 2014.
R5 Hastings St
The R5 Hastings St is an express bus service with bus rapid transit elements in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Part of TransLink's RapidBus network, it travels along Hastings Street, a major east–west route, and connects Simon Fraser University to the SkyTrain system's Burrard station on the Expo Line in Downtown Vancouver.  It replaced the 95 B-Line route on January 6, 2020.

Millennium Line
The Millennium Line is the second line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by BC Rapid Transit Company, a subsidiary of TransLink, and links the cities of Vancouver, Burnaby, Coquitlam and Port Moody. The line was opened in 2002 and was named in recognition of the new millennium.
Lido Beach (Hong Kong)
Lido Beach (Chinese: 麗都灣泳灘) is located on Castle Peak Road in Ting Kau, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is a gazetted beach, meaning it is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, which provides lifeguards during the summer months.

The beach is about 200 metres in length, and is located beside the smaller Casam Beach (更生灣泳灘). It sits beside the northern abutment of the Ting Kau Bridge, and also offers views of the Tsing Ma Bridge.

Castle Peak Road
Castle Peak Road (Chinese: 青山公路) is the longest road in Hong Kong. Completed in 1920, it has the approximate shape of an arc of a semi-circle. It runs west from Tai Po Road in Sham Shui Po, New Kowloon, to Tuen Mun, then north to Yuen Long and east to Sheung Shui, in the very north of the New Territories; it is divided into 22 sections.
Carr–Madan formula
In financial mathematics, the Carr–Madan formula of Peter Carr and Dilip B. Madan shows that the analytical solution of the European option price can be obtained once the explicit form of the characteristic function of , where  is the price of the underlying asset at maturity time , is available. This analytical solution is in the form of the Fourier transform, which then allows for the fast Fourier transform to be employed to numerically compute option values and Greeks in an efficient manner.

Closed-form expression
In mathematics, a closed form expression or formula is one that is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root, exponential function, logarithm, and trigonometric functions. However, the set of basic functions depends on the context. For example, if one adds polynomial roots to the basic functions, the functions that have a closed form are called elementary functions.

The closed-form problem arises when new ways are introduced for specifying mathematical objects, such as limits, series, and integrals: given an object specified with such tools, a natural problem is to find, if possible, a closed-form expression of this object; that is, an expression of this object in terms of previous ways of specifying it.
Forest Lane station
Forest Lane station is a DART rail station in northeastern Dallas, Texas. The elevated station, which serves the Red Line and Orange Line, is located on Forest Lane, 1⁄3 mile (0.54 km) east of North Central Expressway (US 75) and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (I-635).

The station serves the Medical City Dallas hospital complex, the Cottonwood Trail, and the Hamilton Park neighborhood. In tribute to the largely African-American population of Hamilton Park, the station features a sculpture dedicated to African-Americans who fought against housing segregation.

Red Line (DART)
The Red Line is a light rail line in Dallas, Texas operated by the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system.  It began operations in June 1996, and is one of two inaugural light rail lines in the DART rail system alongside the Blue Line.
Del Parque railway station
Del Parque is a former train station in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the first railway station in the country, serving as terminus of Buenos Aires Western Railway. The station was located at the intersection of Cerrito and Tucumán streets.

Del Parque operated for over 27 years until it was closed due to the high pedestrian traffic in the area where the station was located. Long distance services to the cities of Bragado and Lobos departed from the station.

Bragado
Bragado is a city in the center-northwest province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the head town of Bragado Partido. The city is 210 km west-southwest from Buenos Aires City, not far from the Salado River. Bragado is served by the Sarmiento Railway with services running from the train station there to Once railway station in Buenos Aires.
Australian rules football card
An Australian rules football card (colloquially referred to as a Footy card) is a type of trading card relating to Australian rules football, usually printed on cardboard, silk, or plastic. These cards feature one or more Australian rules football players. Cards are almost exclusively found in Australia as no top-level leagues are present outside the country. Prices for Australian rules football cards can be very high. This is illustrated for both vintage and modern cards such as an 1894 American Tobacco Company card featuring Essendon player Will Crebbin which sold for $10,110 in 2018 and a 2004 Select AFL Conquest Triple Brownlow Medallist signature card featuring Nathan Buckley, Adam Goodes and Mark Ricciuto which was valued at $3,000 in 2018.

Hoadley's Chocolates
Hoadley's Chocolates was an Australian confectionery company founded in 1913 famous for the Polly Waffle and Violet Crumble chocolate bars. The company was bought by Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery in 1972, which was acquired by Nestlé in 1988.
Andy Albert
Andrew Paul Albert is an American country music singer and songwriter originally from the Metro Atlanta. His songwriting repertoire includes writing for artists such as Blake Shelton, Dustin Lynch, Dan + Shay, Lainey Wilson, and Carrie Underwood.

Albert grew up in Roswell and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 2011. He signed a publishing deal with Downtown Music in 2014, and currently writes for Concord Music Publishing.  Prior to moving to Nashville he was in the pop-rock band Holiday Parade from 2004 to 2011 and Bonaventure in 2011 with Dan Smyers. He has written multiple #1 songs at country radio, and had over 300 songs placed and recorded.

Albert was the Country First Place Winner of the American Songwriter 2023 Song Contest.

Lainey Wilson
Lainey Denay Wilson (born May 19, 1992) is an American country singer-songwriter. She performed at an early age, before going to Nashville to pursue a career as a pop music performer. In 2014, she released her first album on Cupit, followed by a second on Lone Chief in 2016. Wilson secured a publishing deal and later released an extended play (EP) in 2019 which included the song "Things a Man Oughta Know". In 2020, it was issued as a single through the BBR Music Group and eventually reached number one on the American country songs chart.

Wilson has received nine Country Music Association Awards, including winning their top honor Entertainer of the Year in 2023 and 2025. She has also received a Grammy Award and sixteen Academy of Country Music Awards.
Constitution River
The Constitution River, commonly called "The Careenage", is a river located along Carlisle Bay, on the south-western portion of Barbados.  The western end of the river runs through the centre of Bridgetown in Saint Michael.  The river acts as a channel for heavy rain run-off from the higher interior regions of the island.  Additionally, it is a small sheltered shallow passage or yacht harbour for medium-sized yachts or small craft boats to dock in the city.  It is located roughly 1 km south of the man-made Deep Water Harbour on the Princess Alice Highway.

Port of Bridgetown
The Port of Bridgetown (officially the Deep Water Harbour), (UN/LOCODE: BB BGI, Port Callsign: 8PB) is a seaport in Bridgetown on the southwest coast of Barbados. Situated at the North-Western end of Carlisle Bay, the harbour handles all of the country's international bulk ship-based trade and commerce. In addition to international-shipping the Deep Water Harbour is the port of entry for southern-Caribbean cruise ships. The port is one of three designated ports of entry in Barbados, along with the privately owned Port Saint Charles marina and the Sir Grantley Adams International Airport. The port's time zone is GMT −4, and it handles roughly 700,000 cruise passengers and 900,000 tonnes of containerised cargo per year.
Notching of the ribs
Notching of the ribs (or rib notching) is a radiologic sign where the surface of the rib is deformed. It can be characterized as unilateral or bilateral, and should be differentiated between affecting the upper (superior) or lower (inferior) surface of the rib.

Radiologic sign
A radiologic sign is an objective indication of some medical fact (that is, a medical sign) that is detected by a physician during radiologic examination with medical imaging (for example, via an X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan, or sonographic scan).
Cuttack City Assembly constituency
Cuttack City was an Assembly constituency from Cuttack district of Odisha. It was established in 1951 and abolished in 2008. Following 2008 delimitation, it was subsumed by the Barabati-Cuttack Assembly constituency.

Cuttack district
Cuttack district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in India. It is located in the coastal part of the state and its administrative headquarters are located in the city of Cuttack. As of 2011 Census, after Ganjam, it is the second most populous district of Odisha, with a population of 2,624,470. The name is an anglicized form of Kataka or Katak meaning Fort – referring to the Barabati Fort. The district is bisected by the river Mahanadi and its numerous distributaries and occupies a large portion of the river's delta. It is bounded by the Angul, Dhenkanal, Nayagarh and Khurda districts to the west while its southern and eastern boundaries touch Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts.
Take Me to the River: New Orleans
Take Me to the River: New Orleans is a 2022 American full-length documentary film directed by Martin Shore about music of New Orleans and Louisiana. It was premiered on April 20, 2022, at the Broadside Theater in New Orleans. It was digitally released on February 3, 2023.

It serves as a sequel to 2014 film Take Me to the River: Memphis.

Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah
Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (/ˈzaɪ.ən/) (born March 31, 1983, formerly Christian Scott) is an American jazz trumpeter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer.

He has been nominated for six Grammy Awards and is a two-time Edison Award winner. He has been named the Jazz FM Innovator of the Year and the Jazz Journalists Association Trumpeter of the Year. He has also received the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts, the Changing Worlds Peace Maker Award, and the Doris Duke Performing Arts Award. Adjuah is the nephew of jazz saxophonist Donald Harrison Jr. Adjuah is the Chieftain of the Xodokan Nation of Maroons and Grand Griot of New Orleans, an honor bestowed by the Ashé Cultural Center as part of annual rites commemorating the Maafa.
135th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
135th Field Regiment was a Royal Artillery (RA) unit being formed in Britain's part-time Territorial Army (TA) on the outbreak of World War II. Spun off from an existing unit, it took over two batteries from Hertfordshire and Northamptonshire and was later granted the double subtitle '(East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry)'. As part of the 18th (East Anglian) Infantry Division the regiment remained in the United Kingdom until 1941 when it was sent to India. The division was deployed to Fortress Singapore where it was captured by the Japanese. Some of the prisoners were murdered in cold blood, many of the others died working on the Burma Railway. The regiment was never reformed.

Ordnance QF 25-pounder
The Ordnance QF 25-pounder, or more simply 25-pounder or 25-pdr, with a calibre of 3.45 inches (87.6 mm), was a piece of field artillery used by British and Commonwealth forces in the Second World War. Durable, easy to operate and versatile, it was the most produced and used British field gun and gun-howitzer during the war.

It was introduced into service just before the War started and combined both high-angle and direct-fire abilities, a relatively high rate of fire, and a reasonably lethal shell, with a highly mobile piece. Initial production was slow but, by 1945, over 12,000 had been manufactured. It remained the British Army's primary artillery field piece well into the 1960s, with smaller numbers used in training units until the 1980s. Many Commonwealth countries used theirs in active or reserve service until about the 1970s, and ammunition for the weapon is currently (2020s) being produced by Pakistan Ordnance Factories.