hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Illinois Central 790
Illinois Central 790 is a preserved 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotive, built in September 1903 by American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Cooke Works. In 1959, No. 790 was saved from scrap and purchased by Lou Keller, and he used it to pull excursion trains in Iowa. In 1965, the locomotive was sold to a New York businessman, who, in turn, sold it the following year to F. Nelson Blount, the founder of Steamtown, U.S.A. As of 2026, No. 790 is on static display at Steamtown National Historic Site (NHS) in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
Glasgow Southside
Glasgow Southside is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament, being one of eight constituencies within the Glasgow City council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. The seat is currently held by Nicola Sturgeon who was First Minister of Scotland from 2014 to 2023, who has held it for the Scottish National Party since the seat was created for 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

Pollokshields (ward)
Pollokshields (Ward 6) is one of the 23 wards of Glasgow City Council. On its creation in 2007 and in 2012 it returned three council members, using the single transferable vote system. For the 2017 Glasgow City Council election, the boundaries were changed, the ward increased in size and returned four members.
HP-16C
The HP-16C Computer Scientist is a programmable pocket calculator that was produced by Hewlett-Packard between 1982 and 1989. It was specifically designed for use by computer programmers, to assist in debugging. It is a member of the HP Voyager series of programmable calculators. It was the only programmer's calculator ever produced by HP, though many later HP calculators have incorporated most of the 16C's functions.

HP calculators
HP calculators are various calculators manufactured by the Hewlett-Packard company over the years.

Their desktop models included the HP 9800 series, while their handheld models started with the HP-35. Their focus has been on high-end scientific, engineering and complex financial uses.
Jailangkung
Jailangkung ([dʒai'laŋkuŋ]), also called jelangkung ([dʒə'laŋkuŋ]), is an Indonesian folk ritual of communicating with spirits of the dead. It uses an effigy that a spirit is said to possess after being summoned. The practice emerged in its current form in the early 1950s and has origins in the Chinese tradition of spirit basket divination, though it also has similarities to a traditional Javanese ritual called nini towong. Jailangkung is also played as a traditional game by both children and adults, drawing criticism from medical and religious authorities. Its depiction in the 2001 film Jelangkung initiated a revival of the Indonesian horror genre.

Necromancy
Necromancy (/ˈnɛkrəmænsi/) is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge. Sometimes categorized under death magic, the term is occasionally also used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft as a whole.
Edwards Vacuum
Edwards Ltd is a British multinational vacuum pump and exhaust gas management systems manufacturer. Its headquarters are in Burgess Hill, UK, and has been part of the Atlas Copco Group since 2014. Edwards holds 1,700 patents, including for dry (oil-free) vacuum pumps, and produces equipment used for manufacturing semiconductors,  scientific research, freeze drying and other industries. Its pumps remove contaminants at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Manufacturing is predominantly handled by subsidiary businesses in the Czech Republic, South Korea, USA and China. Edwards' global research and development facilities remain in the UK.

Major customers in 2012 included Samsung, Hynix, Agilent and LG.

LG
LG Corporation (or LG Group), formerly known as Lucky-Goldstar, is a South Korean multinational conglomerate founded by Koo In-hwoi in 1947 and managed by successive generations of his family. Headquartered in the LG Twin Towers building in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, in Seoul, it was the sixth-largest company in South Korea by revenue in 2023. LG develops, manufactures, and markets electronics, chemicals, household appliances, and telecommunications products. It operates subsidiaries in over 80 countries, including LG Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution, and LG AI Research.
Dadrahman Badfar
Dadrahman Badfar (Persian: دادرحمان بادفر, also Romanized as Dādraḩmān Bādfar) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 9 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Radinghem
Radinghem (French pronunciation: [ʁadɛ̃ɡɑ̃]; West Flemish: Radingem) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer.

Montreuil-sur-Mer
Montreuil-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁœj syʁ mɛʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Montreuil on Sea'; Picard: Montreu-su-Mér or Montreul-su-Mér; Dutch: Monsterole) is a subprefecture in the Pas-de-Calais Department in northern France. Though commonly called by this name since at least the twelfth century, it was legally known as Montreuil until 31 December 2022. It is located on the Canche river, not far from Étaples. The sea, however, is now some distance away. Montreuil-sur-Mer station has rail connections to Arras and Étaples.
ACD856
ACD856, or ACD-856, is a tropomyosin receptor kinase TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC positive allosteric modulator which is under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, depressive disorders, sleep disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. It is taken by mouth.

Preclinical development
In drug development,  preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.

Companies use stylized statistics to illustrate the risks in preclinical research, such as that on average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Chudaczewo
Chudaczewo [xudaˈt͡ʂɛvɔ] (German: Alt Kuddezow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Postomino, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Postomino, 13 km (8 mi) north of Sławno, and 180 km (112 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 240.

Postomino
Postomino (Polish pronunciation: [pɔstɔˈminɔ]; German: Pustamin) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Postomino. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Sławno and 184 km (114 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 625.
Amber Spas
The Amber Spas (German: Bernsteinbäder) are four German seaside resorts on the island of Usedom, that originally formed an administrative unit called Amt Insel Usedom-Mitte:

Koserow – Ostseebad

Loddin – Ostseebad

Ückeritz – Ostseebad

Zempin – Ostseebad

Ückeritz
Ückeritz is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

A small coastal bathing resort, Ückeritz lies on the island of Usedom on the Baltic Sea. It is located within the Usedom Nature Park and is one of four spas called Amber Spas on the island, connected by a 12 km long fine sandy beach called Amber Beach. The other three amber spas are Loddin, Koserow and Zempin.

As of 2015, Ückeritz had a population of 1,007.

The place can be reached by federal highway B111 and has a station on the Usedom island railway.
Outline of the Dominican Republic
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Dominican Republic:

Dominican Republic – sovereign state occupying the eastern five-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. Its capital, Santo Domingo, was Western Europe's first permanent settlement in, and the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World. For most of its independent history, the nation experienced political turmoil and unrest, suffering through many non-representative and tyrannical governments. Since the death of military dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina in 1961, the Dominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy.

Demographics of the Dominican Republic
This is a demography of the population of the Dominican Republic including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Sur scène
Sur scène is a 1992 album recorded by the trio Fredericks Goldman Jones. It was their first live album and second album overall. It was recorded between August and November 1991 in Vienna, Aix-les-Bains and Lyon and was released on 26 November 1992. It spawned a sole single which achieved success in France : "Il suffira d'un signe (live)" (#14), which was originally recorded for Goldman's first studio album, Démodé.

Démodé
Démodé is Jean-Jacques Goldman's first solo album sung in French, set in 1981. It was recorded at the Studios Pathé in Paris and the Studio Vénus in Longueville.  The album has also been released under the names A l'envers and Jean-Jacques Goldman. It was certified platinum in France for sales of 300,000 copies.
Burgher (Church history)
In the Scottish church of the 18th and 19th centuries, a burgher was a person who upheld the lawfulness of the Burgher Oath.

The Burgher Oath was the oath that a town burgess was required to swear on taking office.

The Burghers' position was in opposition to the Seceders and Anti-Burghers.

Michael Willis (minister)
Michael Willis (1799-1879) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who emigrated to Canada and became the first principal of Knox College, Toronto. A prominent campaigner for the abolition of slavery he was involved in the Canadian end of the Underground Railway. He was Moderator of the General Assembly for the Presbyterian Church of Canada in 1870.
Wheel graph
In graph theory, a wheel graph is a graph formed by connecting a single universal vertex to all vertices of a cycle. A wheel graph with n vertices can also be defined as the 1-skeleton of an (n − 1)-gonal pyramid.

Some authors write Wn to denote a wheel graph with n vertices (n ≥ 4); other authors instead use Wn to denote a wheel graph with n + 1 vertices (n ≥ 3), which is formed by connecting a single vertex to all vertices of a cycle of length n. The former notation is used in the rest of this article and in the table on the right.

Cycle graph
In graph theory, a cycle graph or circular graph is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices (at least 3, if the graph is simple) connected in a closed chain. The cycle graph with n vertices is called Cn. The number of vertices in Cn equals the number of edges, and every vertex has degree 2; that is, every vertex has exactly two edges incident with it.

Cycle graph  is an isolated loop. Cycle graph  is the same as complete graph .
Legio XV Apollinaris
Legio XV Apollinaris ("Apollo's Fifteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was recruited by Octavian in 41/40 BC. The emblem of this legion was probably a picture of Apollo, or of one of his holy animals.

XV Apollinaris is sometimes confused with two other legions with the same number: An earlier unit which was commanded by Julius Caesar and met its end in North Africa in 49 BC, and a later unit that was present at the Battle of Philippi on the side of the Second Triumvirate and then sent east.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Bonding electron
A bonding electron is an electron involved in chemical bonding. This can refer to:

Chemical bond, a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules

Covalent bond or molecular bond, a sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Bonding molecular orbital, an attraction between the atomic orbitals of atoms in a molecule

Bonding molecular orbital
In theoretical chemistry, the bonding orbital is used in molecular orbital (MO) theory to describe the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals of two or more atoms in a molecule. In MO theory, electrons are portrayed to move in waves. When more than one of these waves come close together, the in-phase combination of these waves produces an interaction that leads to a species that is greatly stabilized. The result of the waves' constructive interference causes the density of the electrons to be found within the binding region, creating a stable bond between the two species.
Alexander Ranaldson Macdonell
Colonel Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry (15 September 1773 – 17 January 1828), sometimes called by the Gaelic version of his name, Alastair or Alasdair, was clan chief of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry.  As was customary for a laird (landed proprietor in Scotland), MacDonell was often called  Glengarry after his principal estate.

Glengarry's haughty and flamboyant personality, as expressed in his character and behaviour, gave Walter Scott the model for the wild Highland clan chieftain Fergus Mac-Ivor in the pioneering 1810 historical novel Waverley.  Glengarry was the fifth Lord MacDonell in the Jacobite peerage.

Laird
Laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is a Scottish word for minor lord (or landlord) and is a designation that applies to an owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled [name] [surname] of [lairdship]. However, since "laird" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.

Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.

An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a "laird" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.
Lindelöf hypothesis
In mathematics, the Lindelöf hypothesis is a conjecture by Finnish mathematician Ernst Leonard Lindelöf about the rate of growth of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. This hypothesis is implied by the Riemann hypothesis. It says that for any ε > 0,

as t tends to infinity (see big O notation). Since ε can be replaced by a smaller value, the conjecture can be restated as follows: for any positive ε,

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Latin American Idol season 1
The first season of Latin American Idol premiered on Sony Entertainment Television on July 12, 2006 and continued until October 27, 2006, when it was won by Venezuelan born Mayré Martínez. Auditions were held in Caracas, Bogotá, Mexico City, and Buenos Aires in the spring of 2006.  The concerts started on August 30 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the host country.

Latin American Idol
Latin American Idol was the Hispanic American edition of the popular international Idols franchise, well known for its American version American Idol. First airing in 2006, the series was the first in the franchise to extend beyond the borders of a single country, open to contestants from Mexico, Central, and South America. The show was filmed in Buenos Aires and was transmitted to over 23 nations in the region via the Sony Entertainment Television network.
Frans Hoek
Franciscus Petrus Theodorus "Frans" Hoek (Dutch pronunciation: [frɑns ˈɦuk]; born 17 October 1956) is a Dutch football coach and former player. As a player, he was a goalkeeper for Volendam for more than a decade, before going into coaching as an assistant to Louis van Gaal at club sides Ajax, Barcelona, Bayern Munich and Manchester United, as well as the Netherlands national team. He also worked for the Poland national team under fellow Dutchman Leo Beenhakker. He has worked with goalkeepers including Edwin van der Sar, Stanley Menzo, Víctor Valdés, Vítor Baía, Pepe Reina, Robert Enke, Łukasz Fabiański, Thomas Kraft, Michel Vorm and David de Gea. Hoek is widely regarded as one of world football's foremost goalkeeping mentors.

Robert Enke
Robert Enke (24 August 1977 – 10 November 2009) was a German professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He played for Mönchengladbach, Benfica, and Barcelona, but made most of his appearances for Bundesliga side Hannover 96.

He won eight full international caps for the Germany national team between the 1999 Confederations Cup and his death in 2009, and was part of the squad which finished as runners-up in Euro 2008.

Enke died by suicide on the evening of 10 November 2009. At the time of his death, he was widely regarded as the leading contender for the German starting goalkeeper at the 2010 World Cup.
Tegenaria pagana
Tegenaria pagana is a species of funnel-web spider in the family Agelenidae. It is known as the house funnel-web spider and has a cosmopolitan distribution, being native to Europe and North Africa to Central Asia and introduced to numerous countries worldwide including the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Saint Helena, and South Africa.

Agelenidae
The Agelenidae are a large family of spiders in the suborder Araneomorphae. Well-known examples include the common "grass spiders" of the genus Agelenopsis. The most widely accepted common name for members of the family is funnel weaver.
Basic goodness
Basic goodness is a term coined by Tibetan spiritual teacher Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and is a core concept in his terma. It is used both to discuss the experience of reality and also basic human nature, which arises as fundamental virtue.  Everything that arises is, at the ground level from  beginningless time, good.

In his 1980 Seminary, he associates this term with both absolute bodhicitta and specifically the Tibetan term künshi ngangluk kyi gewa (Wylie: kun gzhi ngang lugs kyi dge ba), which comes from the Kadam tradition and refers to the natural virtues of the künshi (Tibetan; Sanskrit: ālāya).

Bodhicitta
In Mahayana Buddhism, bodhicitta ("aspiration to enlightenment" or "the thought of awakening") is the mind (citta) that is aimed at awakening (bodhi) through wisdom and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

Bodhicitta is the defining quality of the Mahayana bodhisattva (a being striving towards Buddhahood) and the act of giving rise to bodhicitta (bodhicittotpāda) is what makes a bodhisattva a bodhisattva. Bodhicitta is the generative cause of a bodhisattva's eventual Buddhahood. The Daśabhūmika Sūtra explains that the arising of bodhicitta is the first step in the bodhisattva's career.
Bukit Tiban National Park
The Bukit Tiban National Park is a national park in Bintulu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. The park encloses the headwaters of the Sungai Nyalau and Sungai Timong rivers in the Miri Division and Sungai Sigrok, a tributary of Sungai Similajau in the Bintulu Division.

While the forest in the park was logged prior to 1985, most of the surrounding land has been converted to palm oil plantations, making the area an important refuge for remaining wildlife. Much of the eastern half of the park has however been converted to palm oil in the years since the park was established.

Bintulu Division
Bintulu Division is one of the twelve administrative divisions of Sarawak, Malaysia. It has a total area of 12,166.2 km2 (4,697.4 mi2), and is the third largest division after Kapit Division and Miri Division. Bintulu Division consists of two districts which is Bintulu and Tatau, together with a sub-district under Bintulu, which is Sebauh. Three major towns in Bintulu are Bintulu (which is the capital of both Bintulu District and Bintulu Division), Tatau and Sebauh.