hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanjiv Arya
Sanjiv Arya is an Indian politician. A member of Indian National Congress, he represented Nainital as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 4th Uttarakhand Assembly.

He is the son of the former Uttarakhand assembly speaker Yashpal Arya. The father-son duo joined BJP a month ahead of the 2017 assembly elections in Uttarakhand in the presence of the then BJP National President Amit Shah.

On 11 October 2021, Sanjeev and his father joined the INC in the presence of party leaders Harish Rawat, Randeep Surjewala and KC Venugopal in Delhi.

He lost from Nainital Assembly constituency in 2022 as an Indian National Congress to Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Sarita Arya.

Harish Rawat
Harish Singh Rawat (born 27 April 1948) is an Indian politician who served as the   Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2014 to 2017. A five-time Member of Parliament, Rawat is a senior leader of the Indian National Congress party. As a member of 15th Lok Sabha, Rawat served as Union Minister of Water Resources in the cabinet of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh from 2012 to 2014. He also worked as Minister of State at the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (2011–2012) and Ministry of Labour and Employment (2009–2011).
Buckingham, Western Australia
Buckingham is a rural locality of the Shire of Collie in the South West region of Western Australia. At the south-western edge of the locality, south of the Coalfields Highway, it borders the large coal mines of the Collie area while the remainder of the locality is predominantly forested.

Buckingham is located on the traditional land of the Wiilman people of the Noongar nation.

The locality is home to eight heritage-listed locations, among them the former Buckingham Mill, the Muja open cut coal mine, the Buckingham Memorial Church and the Buckingham Family Residence. The former mill and the Buckingham Family Residence date back to 1911, both belonging to the brothers Ernest and James Buckingham, who settled in the area that year.

Shire of Collie
The Shire of Collie is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Bunbury and about 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 1,711 square kilometres (661 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Collie.
Ischyrhiza
Ischyrhiza is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid ray from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian).

It had a large, toothed rostrum closely resembling that of a modern-day sawfish. Despite formerly being classified within a family of extinct sawfish-like rays known as Sclerorhynchidae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that Ischyrhiza, Schizorhiza, and Onchopristis form a distinct clade that groups closer with the extant family Rajidae, which contains the true skates, possibly rendering the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei paraphyletic.

Fossils of the genus have been found in Canada, the United States, the Aguja Formation of Mexico, the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, the Tamayama Formation of Japan, the Dukamaje Formation of Niger, the El Molino Formation of Bolivia, the Quiriquina Formation of Chile, and the Chota Formation of Peru.

Chota Formation
The Chota Formation is an Early Campanian to Late Eocene geologic formation of the Cajamarca and western Amazonas Region in northern Peru. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus ("Baguasaurus"). The formation was formerly named Bagua Formation.
West Newlandside Meadows
West Newlandside Meadows is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Wear Valley district of County Durham, England. It lies 3 km south-west of the village of Stanhope.

The area is drained by two small burns, tributaries of the River Wear and consists of several fields that are managed as traditional northern hay meadows, a habitat that is threatened by intensive agricultural practices.

The meadows are rich in grassland species: the nationally rare northern hawk's beard, Crepis mollis, is plentiful, and the locally rare adder's tongue, Ophioglossum vulgatum, and frog orchid, Coeloglossum viride, are also present.

A different vegetation is found where there are banks that are too steep to be cut; here the calcareous soils support such species as fairy flax, Linum catharticum, harebell, Campanula rotundifolia, and mountain pansy, Viola lutea.

Stanhope, County Durham
Stanhope /ˈstænəp/ is a market town and civil parish in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It lies on the River Wear between Eastgate and Frosterley, in the north-east of Weardale. The main A689 road over the Pennines is crossed by the B6278 between Barnard Castle and Shotley Bridge. In 2001 Stanhope had a population of 1,633, in 2019 an estimate of 1,627, and a figure of 1,602 in the 2011 census for the ONS built-up-area which includes Crawleyside. In 2011 the parish population was 4,581.
Caffè crema
Caffè crema (lit. 'cream coffee') may be one of two different coffee drinks:

An old name for espresso (1940s and 1950s).

A long espresso drink served primarily in Germany, Switzerland and Austria and northern Italy (1980s onwards), along the Italian/Swiss and Italian/Austrian border. In Germany it is generally known as a "Café Crème" or just "Kaffee" and is generally the default type of black coffee served, unless there is a filter machine.

As a colorful term it generally means "espresso", while in technical discussions, referring to the long drink, it may more narrowly be referred to as Swiss caffè crema. There is also Italian iced crema di caffè of crema (fredda) al caffè.

Variant terms include crema caffè and the hyperforeignism café crema – café crème is the direct French translation, but in France it contains dairy. Caffè and crema are Italian; thus café crema mixes French and Italian.

Gaggia
44°11′23″N 10°56′41″E﻿ / ﻿44.1895951°N 10.9448189°E﻿ / 44.1895951; 10.9448189

Gaggia is an Italian manufacturer of coffee machines, especially espresso machines, in addition to small kitchen appliances. The company is owned by the Evoca Group.

Gaggia has four main product lines. They market automatic espresso machines, manual espresso machines, accessories, and coffee beans under the Gaggia brand name. The company continues to produce espresso machines (as well as accessories) from classic manual machines to the innovative semi-automatic and super-automatic models recently added to the line.
Bobbingworth
Bobbingworth is a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. The village is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Chipping Ongar, 10 miles (16 km) west from the county town of Chelmsford, and lies off the A414 road. Bobbingworth is in the parliamentary constituency of Brentwood & Ongar.

The parish covers an area of 2,595 acres (10.50 km2). At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 340.

A notable building in Bobbingworth is Blake Hall, which, after the bombing of the North Weald Aerodrome in September 1940 (during the Second World War) became the R.A.F. Station Headquarters. Blake Hall tube station, now closed and to the south of the village, was named after the building.

Chipping Ongar
Chipping Ongar (/ˈtʃɪpɪŋ ˈɒŋər/) is a market town in the parish of Ongar, in the Epping Forest District of Essex, England. It is located 6 miles (10 km) east of Epping, 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Harlow and 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Brentwood. At the 2021 census the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which excludes Shelley) had a population of 3,967. The Royal Mail uses Ongar as the name for the post town covering the area; the name Chipping Ongar is not used in official postal addresses.
Jena – Sömmerda – Weimarer Land I
Jena – Sömmerda – Weimarer Land I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 190. It is located in north-central Thuringia, comprising the city of Jena, the Sömmerda district, and most of the Weimarer Land district.

Jena – Sömmerda – Weimarer Land I was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Holger Becker of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Stefan Schröder of the AfD.

Sömmerda (district)
Sömmerda (German: Landkreis Sömmerda) is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Kyffhäuserkreis, the Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Weimarer Land and the district-free city Erfurt, and the districts Gotha and Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.
Ad beatissimi Apostolorum
Ad beatissimi Apostolorum is an encyclical of Pope Benedict XV given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of All Saints on November 1, 1914, in the first year of his pontificate. The first encyclical written by Pope Benedict XV coincided with the beginning of the First World War, which he labelled "the Suicide of Civilized Europe".

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis
Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to Cameroon and only known from its type locality in the Monengouba Mountains. However, it is quite likely be a synonym of Phrynobatrachus werneri. It probably breeds in Crater Lake and lives in the surrounding grasslands.

Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.
Gulfstream G100
The Gulfstream G100, formerly known as the IAI Astra SPX, is an Israel Aerospace Industries-manufactured twin-engine business jet, that was produced for Gulfstream Aerospace. Deliveries began in 1986. The United States Navy employs the aircraft as the C-38A Courier. A later derivative known as the G150 was launched in 2002. Gulfstream announced the final sale of the G150 in September 2016 and the last delivery by mid-2017.

Garrett TFE731
The Garrett TFE731 (now  Honeywell TFE731) is a family of geared turbofan engines commonly used on business jet aircraft. Garrett AiResearch originally designed and built the engine, which due to mergers was later produced by AlliedSignal and now Honeywell Aerospace.

Since the engine was introduced in 1972, over 11,000 engines have been built, flying over 100 million flight-hours.
3rd Sarasaviya Awards
The 3rd Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 3වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1965 Sinhala cinema on August 20, 1966, at the Colombo Race Course, Sri Lanka. For the first time in Sri Lankan award history, Bollywood celebrities Hindi actresses Nutan and Shashikala, then editors of Filmfare magazine B. J. K. Karanjia and Hindi actor Sunil Dutt were invited to participate as the chief guests at the awards night.

The film Saaravita won the most awards with nine including Best Film.

Sarasaviya Best Film Award
The Sarasaviya Best Film Award is presented annually in Sri Lanka by the weekly Sarasaviya newspaper in collaboration with the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited at the Sarasaviya Awards Festival for the best Sri Lankan movie of the year.
The award was first given in 1964. Following is a list of the winners of this prestigious title since then.
Bibliotheca Corviniana
Bibliotheca Corviniana or Corvina Library was one of the most renowned libraries of the Renaissance world in Buda Castle, established by Matthias Corvinus, King of the Kingdom of Hungary (1458–1490). The books were taken to Istanbul after the Hungarian defeat by the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohács in 1526.

Chronica Hungarorum
Chronica Hungarorum (Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians") (Hungarian: A magyarok krónikája), also known as the Thuróczy Chronicle, is the title of a 15th-century Latin-language Hungarian chronicle written by Johannes Thuróczy by compiling several earlier works in 1488. It served as the primary source for the history of medieval Hungary for centuries.
Transalpina (DN67C)
The Transalpina or DN67C is a 148 km national road located in the Parâng Mountains group, Southern Carpathians of Romania, one of the highest roads of the Carpathian Mountains. It connects Novaci, south of Parâng Mountains, to Sebeș in the north. It is the highest road in Romania, having the highest point in Urdele Pass (at 2,145 m). Transalpina traverses four counties – Gorj, Vâlcea, Sibiu, Alba – crossing the Parâng Mountains from south to north. The highest altitude is reached on a segment of about 20 km (12 mi), in Vâlcea County, passing a short distance from the peaks of Dengheru (2,084 m), Păpușa (2,136 m), Urdele (2,228 m), Iezer (2,157 m), and Muntinu (2,062 m).

Transalpina is a Latin name, used in old Latin texts of Țara Românească, meaning "the country beyond the mountains".

Being a high altitude mountain road it is closed during the winter, it stays open from mid May to mid October (depending on the weather) and only during daytime (08:00–20:00).

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Star height
In theoretical computer science, more precisely in the theory of formal languages, the star height is a measure for the structural complexity 
of regular expressions and regular languages. The star height of a regular expression equals the maximum nesting depth of stars appearing in that expression. The star height of a regular language is the least star height of any regular expression for that language.
The concept of star height was first defined and studied by Eggan (1963).

Regular language
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular language (also called a rational language) is a formal language that can be defined by a regular expression, in the strict sense in theoretical computer science (as opposed to many modern regular expression engines, which are augmented with features that allow the recognition of non-regular languages).

Alternatively, a regular language can be defined as a language recognised by a finite automaton. The equivalence of regular expressions and finite automata is known as Kleene's theorem (after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene). In the Chomsky hierarchy, regular languages are the languages generated by Type-3 grammars.
Xenia Smits
Xenia Smits (born 22 April 1994) is a Belgian-born German handball player for Metz Handball and the German national team.

At the age of 16 she debuted for Bundesliga team HSG Blomberg-Lippe, where she played until 2015. In this period she became a German citizen, and could thus play for the German national team.

She also represented Germany at the 2025 World Women's Handball Championship. Here Germany reached the final, where they lost to Norway. This was the first time since 1994 that Germany made the final of a major international tournament and the first time they won a medal since 2007. At the tournament she had the most steals of any player.

In 2026 she joined Danish club Odense Håndbold.

LFH Division 1 Féminine
LFH Division 1 Féminine, known for sponsorship reasons as Ligue Butagaz Énergie, is the premier women's handball league in France. It is overseen by the Ligue Féminine de Handball (LFH), the governing body of French women's professional handball, under delegation from the French Handball Federation (FFHB). Founded in 1952, it is currently contested by twelve teams.

Metz Handball has dominated the championship in recent times with 27 titles between 1989 and 2025 including a 6-year winning streak, while US Ivry and Paris UC were the most successful teams in past decades with nine and five titles respectively.

As of 2025:

Brest Bretagne Handball is the french club that went the furthest in the EHF Champions League: they were finalist in 2021.

The EHF European League has been won by only one french club: Neptunes de Nantes in 2021.
O&O Defrag
O&O Defrag is a Windows defragmentation utility sold by German software developer O&O Software. It has won several awards by PC journals and magazines, and is certified by Microsoft for all its current NTFS-based operating systems, including NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10, 11, Server 2003, 2008, 2008 R2, 2012, 2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022 and 2025.

Defragmentation
In the maintenance of file systems, defragmentation is a process that reduces the degree of fragmentation, files that are stored in multiple segments that are not contiguous on the storage medium. It does this by physically organizing the contents of the mass storage device used to store files into the smallest number of contiguous regions (fragments, extents). It also attempts to create larger regions of free space using compaction to impede the return of fragmentation.

Defragmentation is advantageous and relevant to file systems on electromechanical disk drives (hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disk media). The movement of the hard drive's read/write heads over different areas of the disk when accessing fragmented files is slower than accessing the entire contents of a non-fragmented file sequentially without moving the read/write heads to seek other fragments.
2012 Wales Rally GB
The 68th Wales Rally GB is the tenth round of the 2012 World Rally Championship season and is held between 14 and 16 September 2012.

The rally is also the sixth round of the Super 2000 World Rally Championship.

2012 World Rally Championship
The 2012 World Rally Championship was the 40th season of the FIA World Rally Championship. The season consisted of thirteen rallies, beginning with Monte Carlo Rally on 17 January, and ending on 11 November with Rally Catalunya.

Sébastien Loeb won the drivers' championship for the ninth time in his career, ahead of Finns Mikko Hirvonen and Jari-Matti Latvala. Citroën won the manufacturers' championship.
Coombe, Liskeard
50°26′41″N 4°28′54″W﻿ / ﻿50.44485°N 4.48158°W﻿ / 50.44485; -4.48158

Coombe (Cornish: Komm) is a settlement in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated one mile (1.6 km) southwest of Liskeard.

Coombe Junction Halt is a station and railway junction on the Looe Valley Line railway which runs from Liskeard station to Looe station.

Liskeard railway station
Liskeard railway station (Cornish: Lyskerrys) serves the town of Liskeard in Cornwall, England. The station is approximately 18 miles (29 km) west of Plymouth on the Cornish Main Line and 264 miles 71 chains (426.3 km) from London Paddington via Box and Plymouth Millbay. It is the junction for the Looe Valley Line. The railway station is situated approximately 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) south-west of Liskeard town centre.
West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director
The West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director is given yearly by WBFJA as a part of its annual West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards for Bengali films. The award recognizes the best director for a film released over the previous year.

Srijit Mukherji
Srijit Mukherji (born 23 September 1977) is an  Indian film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in Bengali cinema. 
His regular collaboration with veteran actor Prosenjit Chatterjee brought him into the limelight. His first feature film Autograph (2010), was a critical and commercial success, where he had written the script with Chatterjee in mind. His fifth film, Jaatishwar, won four national awards at India's 61st National Film Awards (2014). He won the National Film Award for Best Direction and Best Original Screenplay for his sixth film, Chotushkone, at India's 62nd National Film Awards. His eighth film, Rajkahini had been remade into a Hindi film titled, Begum Jaan, starring Vidya Balan in 2017. His 2018 release Ek Je Chhilo Raja won the 'Best Bengali Film' Award at India's 66th National Film Awards. His 2019 film Gumnaami won him the Best Bengali Film and Best Adapted Screenplay Awards at the 67th National Film Awards.
Katastrophenbucht
The Katastrophenbucht (″disaster bay″) is a bay on Lake Zug in the city of Zug. Its name derives from a catastrophe in a shore part called Vorstadt, in which the lake shore broke on 5 July 1887 and flooded residential buildings.

Lake Zug
Lake Zug (German: Zugersee, Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈtsuːɡərˌzeː]) is a lake in Central Switzerland, situated between Lake Lucerne and Lake Zurich. It stretches for 14 km (8.7 mi) between Arth and the Cham-Zug bay. The Lorze as the main feeder river empties its waters into the lake at its northern extremity, but 1 km (0.6 mi) further west issues from the lake to pursue its course towards the Reuss. Due to this poor feeding, Environmental protection is very important as the lake would suffer long term damage if polluted as the second of the rivers, Rigiaa, feeds only a marginal amount into the lake at its southern end. Already a great part of the fauna in the deep parts of the lake has been lost.
Luxembourg in World War II
The involvement of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in World War II began with its invasion by German forces on 10 May 1940 and lasted beyond its liberation by Allied forces in late 1944 and early 1945.

Luxembourg was placed under occupation in 1940 and was annexed into Germany in 1942. During the occupation, the German authorities orchestrated a programme of "Germanisation" of the country, suppressing non-German languages and customs and conscripting Luxembourgers into the Wehrmacht, which led to extensive resistance, culminating in a general strike in August 1942 against conscription. The Germanisation was facilitated by a collaborationist political group, the Volksdeutsche Bewegung, founded shortly after the occupation. Shortly before the surrender, the government had fled the country along with Grand Duchess Charlotte, eventually arriving in London, where a Government-in-exile was formed. Luxembourgish soldiers also fought in Allied units until liberation.

Gustav Simon
Gustav Simon (2 August 1900– 18 December 1945) was a Nazi Party official who served as Gauleiter of Gau Moselland from 1931 to 1945 and, from 1940 until 1942, as Chief of Civil Administration in occupied Luxembourg. In this position, he was chiefly responsible for the Holocaust in Luxembourg. After the end of the Second World War, Simon was arrested and died in custody but the circumstances of his death are disputed.