hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Batash
Batash was a village in eastern Turkmenistan in Lebap Province.  On 15 August 2009 it was subordinated to the Ýylangyz geňeş (village council) and made the administrative center of that council.  Subsequently, on 7 July 2016, it was annexed by the neighboring town of Döwletli.

Nearby towns and villages include Amyderya (16.6 nm), Sardoba (9.5 nm), Khadzhykulluk (6.7 nm), Dzhity-Kuduk (8.0 nm), Kausy(8.5 nm) and Yulangyz (11.4 nm) .
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Olamsurhy
Olamsurhy, formerly Kausy, is a village in Burguçy geňeşligi, Köýtendag District, Lebap Province, in eastern Turkmenistan near the border with Afghanistan. Prior to 10 November 2022 it was under jurisdiction of Döwletli District, which was abolished on that date.
3556 Lixiaohua
3556 Lixiaohua (prov. designation: 1964 UO) is a dark Lixiaohua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It is the parent body of the Lixiaohua family. The asteroid was discovered on 30 October 1964, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory near Nanjing, China. It was named after Chinese philanthropist Li Xiaohua.

Purple Mountain Observatory
Purple Mountain Observatory, also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory, is a dual-use astronomical observatory operated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located at Purple Mountain east of Nanjing. The observatory conducts both open science, such as calculating the official Chinese calendar, and classified space domain awareness activities for the PLA Aerospace Force. The observatory's long-range precision mechanical tracking radars used for space surveillance are managed by PLAASF Base 26 as the Space Target and Debris Observation and Research Center.
Contradusta bregeriana
Contradusta bregeriana is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Subspecies

Contradusta bregeriana pervelata (Lorenz, 2002) (taxon inquirendum)

Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries (sg. cowry or cowrie), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.
Legoland California
Legoland California Resort is a theme park in Carlsbad, California, United States, about 35 miles north of San Diego. Opening on March 20, 1999, it was the first Legoland park to open outside of Europe. It has over 60 rides, shows, and attractions, plus a water park, an aquarium and two hotels. The park is currently owned by Merlin Entertainments, which took a controlling interest in 2005. The second park in the United States is Legoland Florida, which opened in 2011. A third park, Legoland New York, opened in May 2021.

Sea Life
Sea Life is a chain of commercial sea life-themed aquarium attractions. As of April 2017 there are 53 Sea Life attractions (including standalone Sea Life centres, mini Sea Life features within resort theme parks, and Legoland submarine rides) around the world. The chain is owned by the British company Merlin Entertainments.
Kawanishi K-3
The Kawanishi K-3 was a Japanese, fast, multi-purpose civil transport aircraft from the early 1920s. Despite its good performance it was eclipsed by the release of Army surplus machines and only one was built.

Aircraft fairing
An aircraft fairing is a structure whose primary function is to produce a smooth outline and reduce drag.

These structures are covers for gaps and spaces between parts of an aircraft to reduce form drag and interference drag, and to improve appearance.
Tapetum lucidum
The tapetum lucidum (Latin for 'bright tapestry, coverlet'; /təˈpiːtəm ˈluːsɪdəm/ tə-PEE-təm LOO-sih-dəm; pl.: tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some other animals. Lying immediately behind the retina, it is a retroreflector. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors (although slightly blurring the image).

The tapetum lucidum contributes to the superior night vision of some animals. Many of these animals are nocturnal, especially carnivores, while others are deep-sea animals. Similar adaptations occur in some species of spiders. Haplorhine primates, including humans, are diurnal and lack a tapetum lucidum.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum
Anemonastrum narcissiflorum, the narcissus anemone or  narcissus-flowered anemone, is a herbaceous perennial in the genus Anemonastrum and the buttercup family. Basionym: Anemone narcissiflora Hook. & Arn.

Anemonastrum
Anemonastrum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Plants of the genus are native to the temperate and subarctic regions of North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, South America, and New Zealand. The generic name Anemonastrum means "somewhat like anemone", a reference to the Anemone genus of closely related plants. It chiefly differs from Anemone in having a base chromosome number of x=7, as opposed to x=8.
Apterygida
Apterygida is a genus of insects belonging to the family Forficulidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

Apterygida albipennis (Hagenbach, 1822)

Apterygida tuberculosa Shiraki, 1905

Forficulidae
Forficulidae is a family of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There are more than 70 genera and more than 500 described species in Forficulidae.

Species in this family include Forficula auricularia (the European earwig or common earwig) and Apterygida media (the short-winged earwig or hop-garden earwig).

Forficulidae was formerly considered a suborder of Dermaptera, Forficulina, but was reduced in rank to family and placed in suborder Neodermaptera.
Automotive industry in Russia
Automotive production is a significant industry in Russia, directly employing around 600,000 people or 1% of the country's total workforce. Russia produced 1,767,674 vehicles in 2018, ranking 13th among car-producing nations in 2018, and accounting for 1.8% of the worldwide production. The main local brands are light vehicle producers AvtoVAZ and GAZ, while KamAZ is the leading heavy vehicle producer. Eleven foreign carmakers have production operations or are  their plants in Russia.

Tolyatti
Tolyatti or Togliatti, known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: 684,709 (2021 census); 719,632 (2010 census); 702,879 (2002 census); 630,543 (1989 Soviet census).

The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964, upon his death in the Soviet Union.
ISO 3166-2:SE
ISO 3166-2:SE is the entry for Sweden in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Sweden, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 21 counties.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is SE, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Sweden. The second part is one or two letters, which is the alphabetic code (Swedish: länsbokstav) of the county, and was used in vehicle registration plates until 1973.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Common good (economics)
Common goods (also called common-pool resources) are defined in economics as goods that are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they constitute one of the four main types based on the criteria:

whether the consumption of a good by one person precludes its consumption by another person (rivalrousness)

whether it is possible to prevent people (consumers) who have not paid for it from having access to it (excludability)

As common goods are accessible by everybody, they are at risk of being subject to overexploitation which leads to diminished availability if people act to serve their own self-interests.

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.
Dasht-e Mowrd-e Ghurak
Dasht-e Mowrd-e Ghurak (Persian: دشت موردغورك, also Romanized as Dasht-e Mowrd-e Ghūrak; also known as Dasht-e Mowrd) is a village in Babuyi Rural District, Basht District, Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, in 15 families.

Babuyi Rural District
Babuyi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بابوئي) is in Bustan District of Basht County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bustan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Basht.
Kilkenny cats
The Kilkenny cats are a fabled pair of cats from County Kilkenny (or Kilkenny city in particular) in Ireland, who fought each other so ferociously that only their tails remained at the end of the battle. Often the absurd implication is that they have eaten each other. In the nineteenth century the Kilkenny cats were a common simile for any conflict likely to ruin both combatants. Kilkenny cat is also used more generally for a fierce fighter or quarrelsome person. These senses are now rather dated. In the later twentieth century the motif was reclaimed by Kilkenny people as a positive symbol of tenacity and fighting spirit, and "the Cats" is the county nickname for the Kilkenny hurling team. The original story is attested from 1807 as a simple joke or Irish bull; some early versions are set elsewhere than Kilkenny. Nevertheless, theories have been offered seeking a historical basis for the story's setting.

Earl of Ormond (Ireland)
The peerage title Earl of Ormond and the related titles Duke of Ormonde and Marquess of Ormonde have a long and complex history. An earldom of Ormond has been created three times in the Peerage of Ireland. The earldom comprised the entirety of what is now County Kilkenny, large swathes of County Tipperary, and parts of County Waterford and County Carlow.
Trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate
Trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (TMSNCS) is an organosilicon compound that contains an isothiocyanate whose nitrogen atom is covalently bonded to a trimethylsilyl group. The isothiocyanate group is an analog of the isocyanate group, but having a sulfur instead of oxygen.

Trimethylsilyl group
The trimethylsilyl group (–Si(CH3)3, abbreviated TMS) is a functional group in organic chemistry. This group consists of three methyl groups bonded to a silicon atom, which is in turn bonded to the rest of a molecule. This structural group is characterized by chemical inertness and a large molecular volume.  
Compounds with trimethylsilyl groups are not normally found in nature, but have applications in chemical synthesis and analysis.
Tom Porras
Tom Porras (born March 28, 1958) is an American former gridiron football player.  He played as a quarterback in the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1985 to 1994 for four teams. Previously, he played in the United States Football League (USFL) in their three seasons of existence. Later he played in the Arena Football League (AFL).

Porras played college football at the University of Washington in Seattle under head coach Don James, transferring in 1978 from Ventura College in southern California.

From 2003 to 2007, Porras was a substitute teacher and assistant football and track coach at Saguaro High School in Scottsdale, Arizona. On April 26, 2007, he was arrested and placed on administrative leave due to suspicion of sex abuse and public sexual indecency with a female student. The case was dismissed on February 27, 2008 after his confession was thrown out due to a Miranda rights violation.

Don James (American football)
Donald Earl James (December 31, 1932 – October 20, 2013) was an American college football coach and player. He served as the head coach at Kent State University from 1971 to 1974 and at the University of Washington from 1975 to 1992, compiling a career college football record of 178–76–3 (.698).

His 1991 Washington team won a share of the national championship after completing a 12–0 season with a decisive win over Michigan in the Rose Bowl. James was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997.
Wedderveer
Wedderveer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛdərˈveːr]) is a hamlet near Wedde in the municipality of Westerwolde in the Netherlands. It has a population of around 135 and a total area of 47 ha (120 acres).

The sawmill Spinnenkop has been listed as a national heritage site since 1990.

Westerwolde (municipality)
Westerwolde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈʋɔldə]; Gronings: Westerwoolde) is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.
Okayama Domain Ikeda clan cemetery
The Okayama Domain Ikeda clan cemetery  (岡山藩主池田家墓所, Okayama-han-shu Ikeda-ke bosho) is the cemetery for the successive Ikeda clan daimyō of Okayama Domain of Edo period, Japan. It consists of three separate locations within Okayama Prefecture, and was collectively designated a National Historic Site in 1998.

Ikeda clan
Ikeda clan (Japanese: 池田氏, Hepburn: Ikeda-shi) was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Minamoto no Yorimitsu (948-1021) of the Seiwa Genji. Minamoto no Yasumasa, the fourth generation descending from Yorimitsu, and younger brother of Minamoto no Yorimasa (1104-1180), was the first to call himself 'Ikeda'.

In the Edo period, several of the clan's branches were daimyō families, most notably of the Tottori Domain and Okayama Domain. Takamasa Ikeda, former head of the Okayama Ikeda house was the husband of Atsuko Ikeda, fourth daughter of Emperor Shōwa. Inryoji Temple was built during the reign of Ikeda Tadakatsu.
Prison Saint-Paul
Prison Saint-Paul, alternatively named Prison Saint-Paul - Saint-Joseph, was the maison d'arrêt of Lyon, France, located at 33 Cours Suchet in the Confluence quarter, 2nd arrondissement, just south of the Gare de Lyon-Perrache.

The building, deemed too obsolete to continue in its purpose, became the subject of a real estate project from its closure in 2009. All prisoners were moved to the new prison of Corbas; the Catholic University of Lyon refurbished the site to open in 2015 a campus in the former prison.

Lyon-Perrache station
Lyon–Perrache or simply Perrache (French: Gare de Lyon-Perrache, [ɡaʁ də ljɔ̃ pɛʁaʃ]) is a large railway station located in the Perrache quarter, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon, France. Historically the primary railway station in Lyon, today it is the city's second-busiest station, after the newer Lyon-Part-Dieu station.

Opened in 1857 on Lyon's Presqu'île, the station is located on the Paris–Marseille railway, Lyon–Geneva railway and Moret–Lyon railway. The train services are operated by the SNCF and include TGV, Intercités, TER and international services.
Isomaltol
Isomaltol is a natural furan obtained by the enzymatic degradation of starch.  It is also a flavor component in bread crust, produced by thermal degradation (caramelization) of sugars.
Isomaltol is obtained after the Maillard reaction from an amino acid and a reducing sugar

Furan
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.  Chemical compounds containing such rings are also referred to as furans.

Furan is a colorless, flammable, highly volatile liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature. It is soluble in common organic solvents, including alcohol, ether, and acetone, and is slightly soluble in water.  Its odor is strong and chloroform-like.  It is toxic and may be carcinogenic in humans. Furan is used as a starting point for other speciality chemicals.
The Golf Club 2
The Golf Club 2 is a golf sports video game developed by HB Studios and published by Maximum Games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Released in 2017, it is the sequel to 2014's The Golf Club and the second installment of the PGA Tour 2K series, published by 2K. The online servers for The Golf Club 2 were shut down on February 28, 2025.

PGA Tour 2K
PGA Tour 2K (originally known as The Golf Club) is a series of golf sports simulation video games developed by HB Studios. The series is currently published by 2K; with Maximum Games publishing the second game in the series.

The premise of the series is to emulate the sport of golf, and more specifically, the PGA Tour.
Symphony No. 52 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 52 in C minor is one of the last Sturm und Drang symphonies composed by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn while the composer was in residence at Esterházy in 1771 or 1772.

It is one of a number of minor-key symphonies that Haydn composed in the late 1760s and early 1770s, the others being Symphonies Nos. 39, 44, 45, and 49. The symphony was described by H. C. Robbins Landon as  "the grandfather of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, also created with mathematical precision and in extreme conciseness."

Symphony No. 39 (Haydn)
Symphony No. 39 is a symphony in G minor (Hoboken 1/39) composed by Joseph Haydn, under the patronage of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. Although the date of its composition is not certain, it is thought to have been written between May and September 1765, making it the earliest of Haydn's minor-key symphonies associated with his Sturm und Drang period (see also Symphony No. 26 and Symphony No. 45).
2021 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2021 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the 34th official edition of the Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship, played by five teams from October 21 to October 25, 2020, in Brasília, Brazil.

Praia won its first title, and qualified for the 2021 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.

South American Women's Volleyball Club Championship
The South American Women's Volleyball Club Championship is an international women's club volleyball competition organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV), the sport's governing body in South America. The competition was first contested in 1970 in Lima, Peru and tournaments have been held every year since then.

In addition to crowning the South American champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
Ary-Tit
Ary-Tit (Russian: Ары-Тит; Yakut: Арыы Тиит, Arıı Tiit) is a rural locality (a selo) in Borogonsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 82 kilometers (51 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district and 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Tumul, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 181.

Tumul, Ust-Aldansky District, Sakha Republic
Tumul (Russian: Тумул; Yakut: Тумул) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Borogonsky Rural Okrug in Ust-Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 57 kilometers (35 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 730; up from 699 recorded in the 2002 Census.
Paraloid B-72
Paraloid B-72 or B-72 is a thermoplastic resin that was created by Rohm and Haas for use as a surface coating and as a vehicle for flexographic ink. Subsequently, it has found popular use as an adhesive by conservator-restorers, specifically in the conservation and restoration of ceramic objects, glass objects, the preparation of fossils, the hardening of piano hammers, and can also be used for labeling museum objects.

Conservation and restoration of glass objects
Conservation and restoration of glass objects is one aspect of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. The nature and varying composition of the material, and the variety of types of object made from it, demand certain specialized techniques. The conservator needs to be aware of "agents of deterioration" presenting particular risk to glass objects, and how to prevent or counteract their effects. Relevant education and training is available in certain countries through museums, conservation institutes and universities.
T.M.I. (South Park)
"T.M.I." is the fourth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 213th episode of the series overall. "T.M.I." premiered in the United States on Comedy Central on May 18, 2011. The episode centers on Eric Cartman being sent to an anger management class after he protests what he mistakenly believes to be the school's publicizing the male students' penis sizes. "T.M.I." was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA-L in the United States.

South Park season 15
The fifteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park was picked up on January 10, 2011 and began airing on Comedy Central on April 27, 2011 and ended on November 16, 2011. In response to reactions to the mid-season finale episode "You're Getting Old", which seemed to insinuate that creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone were wrapping up the series, Comedy Central proclaimed through the media that South Park was renewed for two more seasons, and the duo were signed through 2013. Shortly before the airing of the season finale episode "The Poor Kid", South Park was extended again until 2016, taking the show to 20 seasons. Parker was the director and writer for all episodes, and Robert Lopez was the writer in this eleventh episode for the fifteenth season.