hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Speculum al foderi
Speculum al foder is an anonymous 15th-century Catalan text discovered in the 1970s. This text is significant as it is a rare example of known Medieval treatise describing the art of sexual positions (others examples include Aretino's I Modi ["The Ways"], also known as "The Sixteen Pleasures").

I Modi
I Modi (The Ways), also known as The Sixteen Pleasures or under the Latin title De omnibus Veneris Schematibus, is a famous erotic book of the Italian Renaissance that had engravings of sexual scenes.  The engravings were created in a collaboration between Giulio Romano and Marcantonio Raimondi. They were thought to have been created around 1524 to 1527.

There are now no known copies of the first two editions of I modi. In around 1530 Agostino Veneziano is thought to have created a replacement set of engravings for the originals.
Electoral district of Dundas (Western Australia)
Dundas was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1897 to 1911.

First created for the 1897 election, the district was located in the Goldfields region. It was abolished ahead of the 1911 election, at which point sitting member Charles Hudson of the Labor Party transferred to the seat of Yilgarn.

Electoral district of Yilgarn
Yilgarn was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1894 to 1930.

First created for the 1894 election, the district was located in the Goldfields region. In 1898, it was centred on the town of Southern Cross and included several other settlements along the Eastern Goldfields Railway, such as Yellowdine. At the 1930 election, the district was amalgamated with the neighbouring district of Coolgardie to form the new district of Yilgarn-Coolgardie. Sitting member Edwin Corboy transferred to the new seat.
1976 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1976 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 15 February 1976 and ended on 17 March 1976.

Leinster were the defending champions.

On 17 March 1976, Munster won the cup following a 4-09 to 4–08 defeat of Leinster in the final. This was their 33rd Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1970.

1970 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1970 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 44th series of the hurling Railway Cup. ree matches were played between 8 February and 17 March 1970. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

Munster were the winners for the third year in-a-row and for the 32nd occasion overall.
Blue Virgin Isles
Blue Virgin Isles is the fifth studio album and international debut album by Swedish singer-songwriter Ted Gärdestad, released in November 1978 by Epic Records in the UK and Polar Music in Scandinavia.

Franska Kort
Franska Kort is the fourth studio album from Swedish singer/songwriter Ted Gärdestad, released in 1976 through Polar Music. It contains the hits "Angela", "Chapeau-Claque", "När Showen Är Slut" and "Klöversnoa". The album was produced by Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus, Michael B. Tretow and Gärdestad, while featuring vocals by Anni-Frid Lyngstad. It was re-released in 2009.
Those Nervous Animals
Those Nervous Animals is an Irish rock band from Sligo, Ireland. Formed in 1981, the original membership consisted of lead vocalist, guitarist and keyboardist Barry Brennan, guitarist Pádraig Meehan, bassist Eddie Lee and percussionist Cathal Hayden.

The band released six singles in the 1980s/early 90s, and (in 1985) a mini-album, Hyperspace!. A new album of material recorded over four decades, The Mission Sessions, was released in 2021. A number of songs from this were released as singles.

The Herald (Ireland)
The Herald is a nationwide mid-market tabloid newspaper headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, and published by Independent News & Media who are a subsidiary of Mediahuis. It is published Monday–Saturday. The newspaper was known as the Evening Herald until its name was changed in 2013. It is known for its vendors on the streets of Dublin.
Strong dual space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the strong dual space of a topological vector space (TVS)  is the continuous dual space  of  equipped with the strong (dual) topology or the topology of uniform convergence on bounded subsets of  where this topology is denoted by  or  The coarsest polar topology is called weak topology. 
The strong dual space plays such an important role in modern functional analysis, that the continuous dual space is usually assumed to have the strong dual topology unless indicated otherwise. 
To emphasize that the continuous dual space,  has the strong dual topology,  or  may be written.

Weak topology
In mathematics, weak topology is an alternative term for certain initial topologies, often on topological vector spaces or spaces of linear operators, for instance on a Hilbert space. The term is most commonly used for the initial topology of a topological vector space (such as a normed vector space) with respect to its continuous dual. The remainder of this article will deal with this case, which is one of the concepts of functional analysis.

One may call subsets of a topological vector space weakly closed (respectively, weakly compact, etc.) if they are closed (respectively, compact, etc.) with respect to the weak topology. Likewise, functions are sometimes called weakly continuous (respectively, weakly differentiable, weakly analytic, etc.) if they are continuous (respectively, differentiable, analytic, etc.) with respect to the weak topology.
Chinese submarine 361
The submarine hull No. 361 named Great Wall #61 was a Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Type 035AIP (ES5E variant) (NATO reporting name Ming III) conventional diesel/electric submarine. In April 2003, during a military exercise in the Yellow Sea between North Korea and China's Shandong Province, the vessel suffered a mechanical failure that killed all 70 crew members on board. It was one of China's worst peacetime military disasters. The PLA Navy's Commander Shi Yunsheng and Political Commissar Yang Huaiqing were both dismissed as a result of the accident.

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
John Rowlands (priest)
Christianity portal

Daniel John Rowlands (known as John; 1925 – 13 September 2004) was an eminent Anglican priest in the 20th century.

Rowlands was born in 1925  and  educated at Bromsgrove School and Pembroke College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1952. He was a Curate at Mary, Woodford and then with the Mission to Seaman until 1975 when he left to become vicar at St Mary's church, Woodbridge, Suffolk.  In 1983 he became  Dean of Gibraltar, a post he held for 3 years. In 1985, he returned to his home in West Wales where he was Rural Dean of Glyn Aeron until his retirement in 1995. He died on 13 September 2004.

Dean of Gibraltar
The Dean of Gibraltar is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese in Europe and the seat of the Bishop in Europe (though the bishop is now based in Brussels). As of 2020, the current dean is Ian Tarrant.
John Dubois
John Dubois (French: Jean Dubois) (August 24, 1764 – December 20, 1842) was a French-born Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of New York from 1826 until his death in 1842.

Dubois was the first Bishop of New York who was not Irish-born and, as of 2024, remains the only bishop or archbishop of New York of non-Irish ancestry.

Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice
The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice (French: Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice; PSS), also known as the Sulpicians, is a society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men, named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where it was founded. The members of the Society add the nominal letters PSS after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. Typically, priests become members of the Society of the Priests of St. Sulpice only after ordination and some years of pastoral work. The purpose of the society is mainly the education of priests and to some extent parish work. As their main role is the education of those preparing to become priests, Sulpicians place great emphasis on the academic and spiritual formation of their own members, who commit themselves to undergoing lifelong development in these areas. The Society is divided into three provinces, operating in various countries: the Province of France, Canada, and the United States.
2018 F3 Americas Championship
The 2018 F3 Americas Championship powered by Honda was the inaugural season for the all-new FIA Formula 3 regional series across North America, sanctioned by SCCA Pro Racing, the professional racing division of the Sports Car Club of America. This was the third season in total for Formula 3 racing in the United States, which was last run in 2001 with the United States Formula Three Championship.

The season began on 4 August at Pittsburgh International Race Complex and concluded on 21 October at Circuit of the Americas, after 17 races to be held at 6 meetings.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
Eendracht
The Eendracht is a former tidal branch of river Scheldt that has been channelised to form the northern stretch of the Scheldt-Rhine Canal. It flows from the Zoommeer lake (formerly part of the Oosterschelde) near Bergen op Zoom past the town and eponymous island of Tholen towards the former island of Sint Philipsland, where it used to end in the Krabbenkreek estuary. The passage to the estuary has been closed off, however, and an additional stretch of canal was dug to connect the Eendracht to the Krammer lake, itself a former estuary closed off from the sea during the Delta Works. The Eendracht is probably the last remaining remnant of the Striene river.

Krammer
The Krammer is a body of fresh water located in the western part of Volkerak in the Netherlands.

It is part of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, and is situated between the islands Goeree-Overflakkee and Sint Philipsland. To the west, it continues into the Grevelingen, from which it is separated by the Grevelingendam.

Before 1967, it was a tidal river, but it was closed off as part of the Delta Works.
Kensaku Shimaki
Kensaku Shimaki (島木 健作, Shimaki Kensaku; 7 September 1903 – 17 August 1945) was the pen name of Asakura Kikuo (朝倉 菊雄), a Japanese author active during the Shōwa period in Japan. He had an interest in leftist ideology and was arrested in 1928 due to his ties to the Japanese Communist Party. Throughout his literary career, Shimaki wrote multiple novels and stories with a common theme being proletariat life. Some of his works were published by magazines and journals. He associated with Nobel laureate Kawabata Yasunari.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Martha Farmer Brewer
Martha Farmer Brewer (October 27, 1930 – November 14, 2006) was the wife of Alabama's 49th governor Albert Brewer and the former First Lady of Alabama.

She was born in Anniston, Alabama and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee. While attending college at the University of Alabama she met Albert Brewer. The two were married for 56 years. Brewer and her husband were devoted to each other, and they had a close and physically affectionate marriage.

Albert Brewer served as governor until January 1971. He lost a battle for the 1970 Democratic gubernatorial nomination to George Wallace.

Martha Brewer died on November 14, 2006, in Vestavia Hills, Alabama.  Her memorial service was held at the Mountain Brook Baptist Church.

First ladies and gentlemen of Alabama
First Lady or First Gentleman of Alabama is the honorary title given to the spouse of the Governor of Alabama. They are the official host of the Alabama Governor's Mansion in Montgomery, Alabama. As of 2024, Alabama has had 54 governors. Two have been women. Seven were widowed or unmarried and could appoint a relative as official state hostess. Felicia Steptoe Pickett remains the youngest first lady in Alabama history. She may have been 16 when she married governor Reuben Chapman who was 39 although discrepancies in that chronology have been noted. Patsy Riley wrote a book about 11 of the state's first ladies.
Sobrescobio
Sobrescobio (Spanish pronunciation: [soβɾesˈkoβjo]; Asturian: Sobrescobiu, locally [soβɾesˈkuβju]) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Piloña, on the east by Caso, on the south by Aller, and on the west by Laviana. It is situated in the southeast section of Asturias, at the eastern limit of the Nalón mineral basin.

It forms part of the Communal Valley of Nalón, together with Langreo, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Laviana and Caso. With Caso, it forms part of the Parque Natural de Redes.

San Martín del Rey Aurelio
San Martín del Rey Aurelio (Asturian: Samartín del Rei Aurelio) is a municipality of the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain.

There are three main towns in the municipality: Sotrondio, El Entrego, and Blimea, and many villages, such as Santa Bárbara and La Hueria.
Privatization Board of Turkey
The Privatization Administration of Turkey (Turkish: T.C. Özelleştirme İdaresi Başkanlığı), founded on 27 November 1994, Law No.4046, is a government agency in Turkey. It is responsible for the privatization process of public sector companies as well as other public assets and services.

Tamek
TAMEK is a Turkish food and beverage company founded in 1955. It is a pioneer in the Turkish food sector. They are the first producers of tomato paste and ketchup in all Turkey. But they are also the first Turkish producer of many other canned food.
Malleson mission
The Malleson mission or British intervention in Transcaspia was a military action by a small autonomous force of British Indian troops, led by General Wilfrid Malleson, operating against Bolshevik forces over large distances in Transcaspia (modern Turkmenistan) between August 1918 and April 1919, in the context of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.

19th Punjabis
The 19th Punjabis was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1857, as the 7th Regiment of Punjab Infantry. It was designated as the 19th Punjabis in 1903 and became 1st Battalion 14th Punjab Regiment i.e. 1/14 Punjab Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 5th Battalion The Punjab Regiment (5th Punjab).
Drotaverine
Drotaverine (INN, also known as drotaverin) is an antispasmodic drug, used to enhance cervical dilation during childbirth and to relieve smooth muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and gall bladder.

It is structurally related to papaverine, is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and has no anticholinergic effects.

It is available in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) under several brand names. A popular brand is No-Spa, owned by Sanofi). It is distributed by Sanofi as Но-Шпа (No-shpa) in Russia.

Papaverine
Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasms and vasospasms (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and acute mesenteric ischemia. While it is found in the opium poppy, papaverine differs in both structure and pharmacological action from the analgesic morphine and its derivatives (such as codeine).

In addition to opium, papaverine is purported to be present in high concentrations in star gooseberry.
Gauss iterated map
In mathematics, the Gauss map (also known as Gaussian map or mouse map), is a nonlinear iterated map of the reals into a real interval given by the Gaussian function:

where α and β are real parameters.

Named after Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, the function maps the bell shaped Gaussian function similar to the logistic map.

Logistic map
The logistic map is a discrete dynamical system defined by the quadratic difference equation

Equivalently, it is a recurrence relation and a polynomial mapping of degree 2. It is often referred to as an archetypal example of how complex, chaotic behaviour can arise from very simple nonlinear dynamical equations.

The map was initially utilized by Edward Lorenz in the 1960s to showcase properties of irregular solutions in climate systems. It was popularized in a 1976 paper by the biologist Robert May, in part as a discrete-time demographic model analogous to the logistic equation written down by Pierre François Verhulst.
Other researchers who have contributed to the study of the logistic map include Stanisław Ulam, John von Neumann, Pekka Myrberg, Oleksandr Sharkovsky, Nicholas Metropolis, and Mitchell Feigenbaum.
Tough Kid
Tough Kid is a 1938 American crime film directed by Howard Bretherton and written by Wellyn Totman. The film stars Frankie Darro, Dick Purcell, Judith Allen, Lillian Elliott, Don Rowan and William Ruhl. The film was released on December 28, 1938, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Andreas Govas
Andreas Govas (born 21 July 1989) is an Australian former footballer. During the 2007–08 season, he was a member of Portsmouth's Academy. He played for Greece's national youth team with Greek-Australians Dean Bouzanis and Paul Giannou.

2008 AFF U-19 Youth Championship
The 2008 AFF U-19 Youth Championship took place from 5 to 11 October 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand.  This is the first edition of tournament as an under-19 competition as it was previously for players under-20.  Only four nations participated, two from the ASEAN region and two invitee teams.
Reddy Catholics
Reddy Catholics (Reddies) are a loose sect or association of Catholics that grew out of the first Christian converts in Andhra Pradesh, India. They generally speak Telugu and often retain some of their Hindu customs. There are branches in many parts of the world.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Guntur
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India was created out of the Diocese of Nellore, 1940. Msgr Thomas Pothacamury was its First Bishop.

The present bishop of the diocese is the Most Rev. Bhagaiah Chinnabathini.

The cathedral of the Diocese is in Phirangipuram.
Eric Mercer
Christianity portal

Eric Arthur John Mercer (6 December 1917 – 8 November 2003) was an Anglican bishop in the Church of England.  He was the first Bishop of Birkenhead from 1965 to 1973 and, from then until his retirement, the Bishop of Exeter.

Mercer was educated at Dover Grammar School for Boys and Kelham Theological College.  After wartime service with the Sherwood Foresters he began his ordained ministry as a curate at Coppenhall. In 1951 he was appointed priest in charge of Heald Green and then became rector of St Thomas' Church, Stockport and, from 1959 (his final appointment before his ordination to the episcopate), the Diocese of Chester's diocesan missioner. In 1973 he was translated to be the Bishop of Exeter. He died in retirement, at Chilmark, Wiltshire, aged 85.

Bishop of Birkenhead
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Birkenhead is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Chester, in the Province of York, England. The title takes its name after Birkenhead, a town located on the Wirral Peninsula.
Dienes phenomenon
Dienes phenomenon, when two identical Proteus cultures are inoculated at different points on the same plate of non-inhibitory medium, the resulting swarming of growth coalesce without signs of demarcation. When, however, two different strains of Proteus are inoculated, the spreading films of growth fail to coalesce and remain separated by a narrow easily visible area. The observation of this appearance, the Dienes phenomenon has been used to determine the identity or non-identity of strains in epidemiological studies.

Swarming motility
Swarming motility is a rapid (2–10 μm/s) and coordinated translocation of a bacterial population across solid or semi-solid surfaces, and is an example of bacterial multicellularity and swarm behaviour. Swarming motility was first reported by Jorgen Henrichsen and has been mostly studied in genus Serratia, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Vibrio and Escherichia.

This multicellular behavior has been mostly observed in controlled laboratory conditions and relies on two critical elements: 1) the nutrient composition and 2) viscosity of culture medium (i.e. % agar). One particular feature of this type of motility is the formation of dendritic fractal-like patterns formed by migrating swarms moving away from an initial location. Although the majority of species can produce tendrils when swarming, some species like Proteus mirabilis do form concentric circles motif instead of dendritic patterns.
2013 Major League Baseball draft
The 2013 Major League Baseball draft was held from June 6 through June 8, 2013. The first two rounds were broadcast from Studio 42 of the MLB Network in Secaucus, New Jersey.

Each team received one selection per round, going in reverse order of the 2012 MLB season final standings. In addition, teams could receive compensation draft picks if they had made a qualifying offer to a free agent player from their team, and the player rejected the offer and signed with another team.

Secaucus, New Jersey
Secaucus (/ˈsiːkɔːkəs/ SEE-kaw-kəs) is a town in Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 22,181, an increase of 5,917 (+36.4%) from the 2010 census count of 16,264, which in turn reflected an increase of 333 (+2.1%) from the 15,931 counted in the 2000 census.

Located within the New Jersey Meadowlands, it is the most suburban of the county's municipalities, though large parts of the town are dedicated to light manufacturing, retail, and transportation uses, as well as protected areas.

Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian words for "black" (seke or sukit) and "snake" (achgook; perhaps something like /axkuk/), or "place of snakes", or from sekakes, referring to snakes.