hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot
The 44th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment in the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot to form the Essex Regiment in 1881.

Battle of Inkerman
The Battle of Inkerman was fought during the Crimean War on 5 November 1854 by the allied armies of Britain and France against the Imperial Russian Army. The battle broke the will of the Russian Army to defeat the allies in the field, and was followed by the siege of Sevastopol. The role of troops fighting mostly on their own initiative due to the foggy conditions during the battle has earned the engagement the name "The Soldier's Battle."
Ponkey Crossing Halt railway station
Ponkey Crossing Halt railway station served the southern area of Ponciau, a village that lies within the community of Rhosllanerchrugog in Wales. Opened in 1905, it had closed by 1915, partly as a result of WWI and also due to road transport competition. On 1 August 1861, the Great Western Railway had opened a mineral branch from just north of Ruabon to serve the blast furnaces of the iron works at Aberderfyn and Ponciau. The line was extended to Legacy on 27 August 1876.

Wrexham General railway station
Wrexham General (Welsh: Wrecsam Cyffredinol) is the main railway station serving the city of Wrexham, north-east Wales, and one of the two serving the city, alongside Wrexham Central. It is currently operated and mostly served by Transport for Wales, with some additional services provided by Avanti West Coast to London Euston.

The station was first opened in 1846, later becoming part of the Great Western Railway (GWR) network and expanded in 1912. It is one of three railway stations in the central area of the city, one now part of General, named Wrexham Exchange, the other being Wrexham Central. It is the main hub for inter-city services in the area, and as a result 78% of all rail journeys (2006/07) in Wrexham County Borough start or end at the station. It is also a major hub for inter-city services in North Wales.

Until the early 1980s what is now platform 4 of Wrexham General, serving the Wrexham Central – Bidston service, was part of a separate station: Wrexham Exchange.
Portuguese name
A Portuguese name, or a Lusophone name, is a personal name in the Portuguese language with typically at least one personal name: mother's family surname and father's family surname. A last surname without prepositions tends to exist in formal greetings.

Paranaguá
Paranaguá (Tupi, 'Great Round Sea') is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. It is known for the Port of Paranaguá, which serves as both the sea link for Curitiba, 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the west and the capital of Paraná, and as one of the largest ports of Brazil.

As of 2020, the city has an estimated population of 156,174 and a population density of 169.92 persons per km2, making it the tenth most populated city in the state of Paraná. The total area of the city is 826.674 km2 (319.18 sq mi).
1998 Paris–Tours
The 1998 Paris–Tours was the 92nd edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 4 October 1998. The race started in Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jacky Durand of the Casino team.

Paris–Tours
Paris–Tours is a French one-day classic road cycling race held every October from the outskirts of Paris to the cathedral city of Tours. It is a predominantly flat course through the Chevreuse and Loire valleys; the highest point is 200 m, at Le Gault-du-Perche. Historically, it is known as a "Sprinters' Classic" because it frequently ends in a bunch sprint at the finish, in Tours. Since 2018, the course has featured gravel sectors in vineyards near Tours.

For several decades the race arrived on the 2.7 km long Avenue de Grammont, one of cycling's best-known finishing straits, particularly renowned among sprinters. Since 2011 the finish was moved to a different location because a new tram line was built on the Avenue de Grammont.
Foxy Grandpa
Foxy Grandpa was an American gag-a-day newspaper comic strip featuring an eponymous character, created by cartoonist Carl E. Schultze drawing under the name of "Bunny." The strip lasted from 1900 to circa 1918, and was at first hugely popular, with stage and silent film adaptations, as well as a party game license. Between 1901 and 1917, Foxy Grandpa was published in books — more than 30 volumes from four different publishers. It was revived as a typeset strip in the 1920s and 1930s.

Gag-a-day
A gag-a-day comic strip is the style of writing comic cartoons such that every installment of a strip delivers a complete joke or some other kind of artistic statement. It is opposed to story or continuity strips, which rely on the development of a story line across a sequence of the installments. Most syndicated comics are of this type. Another term for this distinction is non-serial (gag-a-day) vs. serial strips.

Compared to single-panel cartoons ("gag panels"), gag-a-day comic strips can deliver a better timing for the narrative of a joke.

The distinction between continuity and gag-a-day strip may be blurred: a continuous story may still be delivered in the gag-a-day format. In fact, Lynn Johnston recommends it for story strips, to keep the readership and engage new audience which may be not very familiar with the background of the story.
Komorniki
Komorniki [kɔmɔrˈniki] is a village in Poland, located in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poznań County, Gmina Komorniki (Poznań metropolitan area), with approximately 5,500 inhabitants. The gmina (municipality) of Komorniki, including the village of Komorniki and 10 other villages, has about 18,325 inhabitants and is an agricultural and industrial region. (See Gmina Komorniki.) The village lies on the A2 Highway and National Road number 5 from Poznań to Wrocław, about 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the city of Poznań. Komorniki adjoins Poznań, Luboń, Plewiska, and the Wielkopolska National Park.

The village is famous for its Komorniki Festival of Organ and Chamber Music.

The Polish Baroque Orchestra society has its registered office in Komorniki.

Plewiska
Plewiska [plɛˈviska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komorniki, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

There is a major electrical substation at Plewiska.
Wamdeo
Wamdeo is a town in Askira/Uba local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. It shares borders with Uba to the East, Uvu to the South, Mussa to the North, Mishara to the North-East and Rumirgo to the West. The town's name was originally pronounced "Wandi" but later metamorphosed to "Wamdeo" due to the way the nomadic Fulani pronounce it. It is populated wholly by two clans: the Muva (further split into the Njila-Njila, Bilata, Dagufla and the Patha) and the Zugubi (further split into Kidimbla, Mbla Kauchacha, Gutha and the Fidigutum)

Askira/Uba
Askira/UbaListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Askira.

It has an area of  2,362 km2 and a population of 138,091 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 601.

One of the villages of Askira/Uba, Lassa, was the origin of a new virus found in the blood of returning American missionaries, and first identified by a virology research team in a laboratory at Yale University, who named it "Lassa virus" after the location where it first appeared. Askira/Uba has two Emirate Councils namely; Askira Emirate and Uba Emirate.

Askira was founded by Muhammadu Mai Maina in 1921.: 19

In July 2014, the villages of Huyim and Dille in Askira/Uba LGA were attacked by suspected Boko Haram gunmen, with nine and thirty-eight deaths respectively. The attackers came from the Sambisa Forest. Displaced residents  "need help from governments and spirited individuals."
Symphony No. 7 (Sibelius)
The Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 105, is a single-movement work for orchestra written from 1914 to 1924 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.

The composition is notable for having only one movement, in contrast to the standard symphonic formula of four movements. It has been described as "completely original in form, subtle in its handling of tempo, individual in its treatment of key and wholly organic in growth"  and "Sibelius's most remarkable compositional achievement".

After Sibelius finished its composition on 2 March 1924, the work was premiered in Stockholm on 24 March as Fantasia sinfonica No. 1, a "symphonic fantasy". The composer was apparently undecided on what name to give the piece, and only granted it status as a symphony after some deliberation. For its publication in 1925, the score was titled "Symphony No. 7 (in one movement)".

Arnold Whittall
Arnold Morgan Whittall (born 11 November 1935) is a British musicologist who specializes in 20th and 21st-century classical music. In particular, his academic work focuses on the theory and analysis of music, modernism, and musical style and structure in the works of Richard Wagner. He is an Emeritus Professor of Musical Theory and Analysis at King's College London.

Whittall is also a prolific author of non-academic articles on new music. These include record reviews for Gramophone and the Western Mail.
La Jaraba (Vino de Pago)
39°20′3.9″N 2°32′8.4″W﻿ / ﻿39.334417°N 2.535667°W﻿ / 39.334417; -2.535667

Pago de La Jaraba is a Spanish winery in Castilla–La Mancha, Spain. The winery uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region. The Pago de La Jaraba winery was formed as a Vino de Pago in 2019, and geographically it lies within the extent of the La Mancha DOP. The winery also produces artisan Manchego cheese under the D.O.P. queso manchego appellation.

La Mancha (DO)
39°24′20″N 3°12′20″W﻿ / ﻿39.40556°N 3.20556°W﻿ / 39.40556; -3.20556

La Mancha is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) for wines, with over 190,000 ha planted to vines, and is the largest continuous vine-growing area in the world. It is located in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha in central Spain and includes 182 municipalities: 12 in the province of Albacete, 58 in Ciudad Real, 66 in Cuenca and 46 in Toledo.
Bam (crater)
Bam is an impact crater located on the lava plains of Hesperia Planum
(Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle) on Mars at 25.79 ° S and 115.67° E, approximately 6.8 kilometers in diameter. It was named after a city in the Kerman province of Iran, having had its name approved in April 2017.

Bam is considered to be one of the best well-preserved examples of impact craters on Mars, considering the overall crater morphology, thermophysical signatures, and the relatively young age of its target material.

Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle
The Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. This quadrangle is also referred to as MC-22 (Mars Chart-22).  It contains parts of the regions Tyrrhena Terra, Hesperia Planum, and Terra Cimmeria.

The Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle covers the area from 225° to 270° west longitude and 0° to 30° south latitude on Mars. Schiaparelli named the area after Earth's Tyrrhenian Sea, which lies between Italy and Sicily. The region was subsequently renamed to Mare Tyrrhena after spacecraft photos revealed that it is an old, cratered plain rather than a sea. It contains the large volcano Tyrrhenus Mons, one of the oldest, and perhaps the most complex volcanoes on Mars. Mare Tyrrhenum's largest crater is Herschel. Licus Vallis and the Ausonia Montes are other major features in the region.
Immendingen station
Immendingen station is a junction station in Immendingen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The Black Forest Railway from Offenburg to Konstanz connects with the Danube Valley Railway from Donaueschingen to Ulm meet at the station. Immendingen is also served by trains on the Wutach Valley Railway, which branches at the neighbouring Hintschingen station via Blumberg to Waldshut; regular passenger services have been restored on the section of the line to Blumberg since 2004 as part of the Ringzug concept. Until the construction of the Tuttlingen-Hattingen (Baden) connecting curve in 1934, Immendingen was also the terminus of trains from Stuttgart running over the Plochingen–Immendingen railway and Stuttgart–Horb railway (Gäubahn).

Ulm–Sigmaringen railway
The Ulm–Sigmaringen railway is a 92.670-kilometre-long railway in Baden-Württemberg in south-western Germany, which is largely single-tracked and for the most part not electrified. It runs from Ulm via Blaubeuren and Riedlingen to Sigmaringen mostly in the valley of the Danube. The line is part of the once important long-distance connection from Munich to Freiburg im Breisgau.

It forms part of the  Danube Valley Railway of Baden-Württemberg. The line is famous especially for its charming course through the Upper Danube Nature Park (Naturpark Obere Donau), and is particularly attractive to bicycle tourists. The Royal Württemberg State Railways built the line as part of the railway projects undertaken between 1865 and 1873. Since 1901, the Danube Valley Railway, together with the Höllentalbahn, form part of the pan-regional railway link from Ulm to Freiburg im Breisgau.
1847 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1847, Democratic nominee James Curtiss defeated Liberty nominee Philo Carpenter and Whig nominee John H. Kinzie.

Philo Carpenter had previously been an unsuccessful candidate in the prior election. John H. Kinzie had also previously been an unsuccessful candidate in the  1837 and 1845 mayoral elections.

1837 Chicago mayoral election
The 1837 Chicago mayoral election was held on May 2, 1837. It was the first Chicago mayoral election, taking place the same year as Chicago's incorporation as a city. Democratic candidate William B. Ogden defeated Whig incumbent Town President John H. Kinzie by a landslide 38.5 point margin.

Shortly after the election Ogden was sworn in as Chicago's first mayor. This set the precedent of scheduling Chicago's mayoral inauguration for the month of May, a practice which has continued for most of the city's history into the present.

The election coincided with elections to the Common Council. In addition to winning the mayor's office, Democrats took all 10 seats of the Common Council.
FC Dynamo Brest
FC Dynamo Brest (Belarusian: ФК Дынама Брэст, FK Dynama Brest; Russian: ФК Динамо Брест) is a Belarusian professional football club based in Brest. The club plays in the Belarusian Premier League, the top division in Belarusian football.

In 2019, Dynamo won its first Belarusian Premier League title. The club has also won the Belarusian Cup in 2007, 2017 and 2018.

FC BATE Borisov
FC BATE Borisov (Russian: ФК БАТЭ Борисов, FK BATE Borisov [bɐˈtɛ bɐˈrʲisəf]; Belarusian: ФК БАТЭ Барысаў, BATE Barysaw, IPA: [baˈtɛ]), commonly referred to as BATE or BATE Borisov, is a Belarusian professional football team from the city of Barysaw. The club competes in the Belarusian Premier League, of which they are the league's most successful club with 15 titles, including 13 won consecutively. The club has also won four Belarusian Cups and four Belarusian Super Cups.

BATE is the only Belarusian team to have qualified for the group stage of the UEFA Champions League (2008–09, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15 and 2015–16) and one of two to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Europa League (2009–10, 2010–11, 2017–18 and 2018–19), along with Dinamo Minsk.

The club's home stadium is Borisov Arena, which was opened in 2014.
Cesara
Cesara is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 617 and an area of 11.3 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Cesara contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Colma, Grassona, and Egro.

Cesara borders the following municipalities: Arola, Civiasco, Madonna del Sasso, Nonio, Pella, Varallo Sesia.

Verbania
Verbania (Italian: [verˈbaːnja] ⓘ, Lombard: [ʋerˈbaɲa], Piedmontese: [ʋerˈbɑnja]) is the most populous comune (municipality) and the capital city of the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. It is situated on the shore of Lake Maggiore, about 91 km (57 mi) north-west of Milan and about 40 km (25 mi) from Locarno in Switzerland. It had a population of 30,827 on 1 January 2017.
Early modern Britain
Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and the collapse of the First British Empire.

Interregnum (England)
The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660, which marked the start of the Restoration. During the Interregnum, England was under various forms of republican government.
Andreas Jonsson
Andreas Karl Rune Jonsson (born 3 September 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish former international motorcycle speedway rider. He was a member of the Sweden speedway team that won the World Cup in 2003, 2004 and 2015. He earned 26 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

Speedway Grand Prix
Speedway Grand Prix are a series of stand-alone motorcycle speedway events over the course of a season used to determine the Speedway World Champion. The series started in 1995 replacing the previous format of a single event final. The first winner was Hans Nielsen of Denmark.
Feed ban
The term Feed ban is usually a reference to the regulations that have prohibited the feeding of most mammalian-derived proteins to cattle as a method of preventing the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Feeding of infected ruminant material back to ruminants is believed to be the most likely means of transmission of the disease.

Specified risk material
Specified risk material (SRM) is any of various tissues of ruminant animals that cannot be inspected and passed for human food because scientists have determined that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-causing prions concentrate there, representing a biological food safety hazard to consumers. The term was referred to in the United Kingdom's Specified Risk Material Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2964), in the United States Department of Agriculture's, and in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's regulatory response to the first confirmed U.S. BSE case in December 2003.
Angle of parallelism
In hyperbolic geometry, angle of parallelism   is the angle at the non-right angle vertex of a right hyperbolic triangle having two asymptotic parallel sides. The angle depends on the segment length a between the right angle and the vertex of the angle of parallelism.

Given a point not on a line, drop a perpendicular to the line from the point. Let a be the length of this perpendicular segment, and  be the least angle such that the line drawn through the point does not intersect the given line. Since two sides are asymptotically parallel,

There are five equivalent expressions that relate   and a:

where sinh, cosh, tanh, sech and csch are hyperbolic functions and gd is the Gudermannian function.

Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.
Lars Forster
Lars Forster (born 1 August 1993) is a Swiss cyclo-cross and cross-country mountain biker. He represented his nation in the men's elite race at the 2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships  in Heusden-Zolder, and in the men's cross-country race at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He was on the start list for the 2018 Cross-country European Championship and he finished 1st.

2019 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup
The 2019 Mercedes-Benz UCI Mountain Bike World Cup was a series of races in Olympic Cross-Country (XCO), Cross-Country Eliminator (XCE), and Downhill (DHI). Each discipline had an Elite Men and an Elite Women category. There were also under-23 categories in the XCO and junior categories in the DHI. The cross-country series and the downhill series each had seven rounds, some of which are held concurrently.
Minnesota State Highway 48
Minnesota State Highway 48 (MN 48) is a 23.527-mile-long (37.863 km) highway in east-central Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with Interstate Highway 35 in Hinckley and continues east to its eastern terminus at the Wisconsin state line (near Danbury), where it becomes Wisconsin Highway 77.

Highway 48 passes through the communities of Hinckley, Barry Township, Arlone Township, Cloverdale, and Clover Township.

Interstate 35 in Minnesota
Interstate 35 (I-35) is a north–south Interstate Highway that stretches from Laredo, Texas, to Duluth, Minnesota. In the US state of Minnesota, I-35 enters from Iowa and heads north toward the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. South of the metropolitan area, I-35 splits into two branches; I-35E runs through Saint Paul and I-35W through Minneapolis. These two branches rejoin north of the Twin Cities, and the highway continues north to Duluth, where it terminates at State Highway 61 (MN 61). The highway was authorized in 1956 and the first segment opened in 1958. It reached Duluth in 1971, and the final segment to east Duluth opened in 1992.
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana were held on November 8, 2022, to elect two U.S. Representatives from Montana, one from each of its congressional districts. Prior to this election cycle, Montana had one at-large district, represented by Republican Matt Rosendale. However, during the 2020 redistricting cycle, Montana regained the 2nd district that it lost in 1993.

As a result, Montana became the first state relegated from multi-district to at-large status that reclaimed a second representative in the House of Representatives, in which Rosendale ran for re-election.

Montana Senate
The Montana State Senate is, along with the Montana House of Representatives, one of the two houses that composes the Montana Legislature, the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Montana. The body is composed of 50 senators elected for four years. Half of the Senate is up for election every two years.