hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leopold Innocenty Nepomucen Polzer
Leopold Innocenty Nepomucen Polzer (15 October 1697 – 5 January 1753) was a Polish lawyer.

Polzer was born and died in Cieszyn.  He was mayor of Cieszyn from 1735 until 1750, founder of Latinae Sodalitatis Teschini, and the grandfather of Leopold Szersznik.

Cieszyn
Cieszyn (/ˈtʃɛʃɪn/ CHESH-in, Polish: [ˈt͡ɕɛʂɨn] ⓘ; Czech: Těšín [ˈcɛʃiːn] ⓘ; German: Teschen [ˈteːʃn̩]) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitants (as of December 2021), and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Republic. Both towns belong to the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and formerly constituted the capital of the Duchy of Cieszyn as a single town.
Biblical manuscript
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see Tefillin) to huge polyglot codices (multi-lingual books) containing both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the New Testament, as well as extracanonical works.

The study of biblical manuscripts is important because handwritten copies of books can contain errors. Textual criticism attempts to reconstruct the original text of books, especially those published prior to the invention of the printing press.

Lectionary
A lectionary (Latin: lectionarium) is a book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion. There are sub-types such as a "gospel lectionary" or evangeliary, and an epistolary with the readings from the Epistles of the New Testament.
Non-stick surface
A non-stick surface is engineered to reduce the ability of other materials to stick to it. Non-sticking cookware is a common application, where the non-stick coating allows food to brown without sticking to the pan. Non-stick is often used to refer to surfaces coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a well-known brand of which is Teflon. In the twenty-first century, other coatings have been marketed as non-stick, such as anodized aluminium, silica, enameled cast iron, and seasoned cookware.

Sol–gel process
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers in solution into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides. Sol–gel process is used to produce ceramic nanoparticles.
Quebec Route 220
Route 220 is a provincial highway located in the Estrie region of Quebec. The highway runs from Sainte-Anne-de-la-Rochelle at the junction of Route 243 and ends west of downtown Sherbrooke at Autoroute 410. The road connects the northern section of the Mont Orford Park.

Quebec Route 243
Route 243 is a north/south highway on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River. Its northern terminus is in Saint-Félix-de-Kingsey at the junction of Route 255 and its southern terminus is in the township of Potton where it crosses the Canada–US border at the North Troy–Highwater Border Crossing into Vermont and becomes Vermont Route 243. Route 243 is not a busy highway as it does not go through big towns.

The highway has three concurrencies:

In Richmond, it shares a bridge across the Saint-François River with Route 116 and  Route 143

At Racine a 2 km concurrence with  Route 222 occurs.

In Waterloo it runs concurrently first with Route 112, then both it and Route 241 as all three share a bridge across the North Yamaska River
Cool Stuff: How It Works
Cool Stuff: How It Works is a multi-part documentary  television mini-series that premiered in 2007 on the Discovery Channel. The program is based on an existing book about how "Modern Marvels" actually work. The show is hosted by Steve Truitt.

The mini-series was produced by Beyond International Group, the creator of the successful Discovery Channel series MythBusters and Prototype This!, amongst other production credits.

Beyond International
Beyond International Limited is an international television and film production company with operations in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. The company is involved in the creation and international distribution of television, feature films and ancillary products. The company has an extensive television program catalogue of over 5,000 hours and covers all genres including drama, feature films, comedy, children's, reality, and documentary programs.

The company was formed in 1984 to produce the science and technology magazine program Beyond 2000, a commercial reworking of the program Towards 2000 which aired on the Australian public broadcaster ABC. Beyond 2000 was later rebooted in 2005 as Beyond Tomorrow.

Other notable programming produced and/or distributed by Beyond include MythBusters, Deadly Women, Beat Bugs and Highway Thru Hell (most of which is now owned by Banijay Entertainment and THACO Group).
Lee Chung-yong
Lee Chung-yong (Korean: 이청용; Korean pronunciation: [i.tɕʰʌŋ.joŋ]; born 2 July 1988) is a South Korean footballer who plays as a winger for K League 1 club Incheon United and is a South Korean international. He is nicknamed Blue Dragon, which is a literal translation of his given name "Chung-yong".

He joined FC Seoul, his first club in the 2004 season. Ever since his early debut at the age of 18 for the South Korean side FC Seoul in the 2006 season of K League, Lee has gathered much attention from domestic football fans of South Korea in general, particularly because in South Korean football, where new players mostly make their entrance into professional clubs through a draft system, dropping out of middle school to sign a contract with a top division football club was a very rare case.

In January 2009, The Times named Lee as one of the top 50 rising stars in football.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Razorcake
Razorcake is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that publishes the Razorcake fanzine, a DIY punk rock fanzine published bi-monthly out of Los Angeles, California. It was co-founded by Todd Taylor (former Flipside managing editor) and Sean Carswell (author and Gorsky Press co-founder) in 2001.

East Los Angeles, California
East Los Angeles (Spanish: Este de Los Ángeles), or East L.A., is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) situated within Los Angeles County, California, United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, East Los Angeles is designated as a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes. The most recent data from the 2020 census reports a population of 118,786, reflecting a 6.1% decrease compared to the 2010 population of 126,496.

The concentration of Hispanic/Latino Americans is 95.16 percent, the highest of any large city or census-designated place in the United States outside of Puerto Rico.
St Werburgh's Church, Birkenhead
St Werburgh's Church is in Grange Road, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It is an active Roman Catholic church in the diocese of Shrewsbury.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Diocese of Shrewsbury
The Diocese of Shrewsbury (Latin: Dioecesis Salopiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the Province of Birmingham which encompasses the pre-1974 counties of Shropshire and Cheshire in the North West and West Midlands of England.

The diocese includes rural areas of Shropshire as well as Manchester south of the River Mersey and other urban areas such as  Birkenhead, Stockport and Ellesmere Port. The current bishop, Mark Davies, succeeded on 1 October 2010.
Salvia aurita
Salvia aurita (African valley sage) is a herbaceous perennial shrub native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Provinces) and Eswatini. It is found growing on streambanks. It grows to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) tall, with numerous blue, white, and lilac flowers growing in whorls on short racemes.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
Étaples - Paris-Plage railway
50°30′50″N 1°37′20″E﻿ / ﻿50.51389°N 1.62222°E﻿ / 50.51389; 1.62222

The rail line between Étaples and Paris-Plage (EP) was a local metre gauge railway line that operated in the Pas-de-Calais department from 1900 to 1940. It connected the seaside resort of Le Touquet (known at the time of the line's opening as Paris-Plage) to the Étaples station.

This electified route carried heavy passenger traffic, reaching up to 32 trains per day during the interwar period. The six-kilometre railway was seriously damaged during the German invasion of France in 1940 and has never been since restored.

Cucq
Cucq (French pronunciation: [kyk]; unofficially also: Cucq-Trépied-Stella-Plage; West Flemish: Kuuk) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is made up of three villages: Cucq itself, the village of Trépied in the north and the coastal resort of Stella-Plage to the west.
Duffus Castle
Duffus Castle, near Elgin, Moray, Scotland, was a motte-and-bailey castle and was in use from c. 1140 to 1705.  During its occupation it underwent many alterations.  The most fundamental was the destruction of the original wooden structure and its replacement with one of stone.  At the time of its establishment,  it was one of the most secure fortifications in Scotland.  At the death of the 2nd Lord Duffus in 1705, the castle had become totally unsuitable as a dwelling and so was abandoned.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
US Naval Base Solomons
US Naval Base Solomons refers to a group of United States Navy (USN) bases established in the Solomon Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Most of these facilities were constructed by USN Seabee units during World War II as part of the broader Pacific War.

In August 1942, the United States Armed Forces landed on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Following the capture of the island, USN Seabees constructed a major installation known as Naval Base Guadalcanal. Additional naval bases were subsequently built on other islands throughout the Solomons to support Allied operations in the region.

Honiara International Airport
Honiara International Airport (IATA: HIR, ICAO: AGGH), formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport in the province of Guadalcanal in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the primary international airport in the country, the second being Munda Airport in Western Province, which serves as its alternate. It is located 8 kilometres (5 miles) from the capital, Honiara.
Cunjurong Point
Cunjurong Point is a coastal town in New South Wales, Australia in the City of Shoalhaven. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 74. Cunjurong Point borders with Manyana. Several tracks lead down from Cunjurong Point to Cunjurong Beach and Manyana Beach, including direct access to Green Island.

City of Shoalhaven
The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Sydney. The Princes Highway passes through the area, and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section, terminating at Bomaderry. At the 2021 census, the population was 108,531.
1981 Arab Athletics Championships
The 1981 Arab Athletics Championships was the third edition of the international athletics competition between Arab countries. It took place in Tunis, Tunisia from 21 to 24 August. It was the first occasion that the tournament was hosted in Africa. A total of 39 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 16 for women. The men's 20 kilometres walk was held for the first time – being the first Arab walking championship race since the 1965 Pan Arab Games. The women's programme, following its debut in 1979 with ten events, was greatly expanded. Relays, hurdles, heptathlon and distance events were all opened up to women athletes.

Arab Athletics Championships
The Arab Athletics Championships (Arabic: البطولة العربية لألعاب القوى) is an event organized by the Arab Athletics Federation. It traditionally occurred every two years. It was not held in 1985 due to the schedule clash with the Pan Arab Games. However, due to the erratic scheduling of the games, both the athletics championships and games athletics competition have been held in the same year on several occasions since 1997. Typically, the championships is rescheduled to earlier in the year as a result. Women's events have been present on the programme since the second edition in 1979. The programme is usually combined although the women competed separately from the men for the tenth edition of the tournament, which was split between 1997 and 1998.
Nagambie
Nagambie /nəˈɡæmbi/ is a town in the Goulburn Valley region of Victoria, Australia. The city is on the Goulburn Valley Freeway north of Seymour and in the Shire of Strathbogie. In the 2021 census, Nagambie had a population of 2,254.

Seymour, Victoria
Seymour (/ˈsiːmɔːr/) is a town located in the Southern end of the Goulburn Valley in the Shire of Mitchell, Victoria, Australia and is located 104 kilometres (65 mi) north of Melbourne. At the 2021 census, Seymour had a population of 6,569. The township services the surrounding agricultural industries (primarily equine, cattle, sheep and wine) as well as the nearby military base of Puckapunyal (population 1,176), which is an important training centre for the Australian Army. Other important sectors of employment in Seymour include retail, light engineering, agricultural services support, medical services, and education.
Birkat Al-Karmel
Birkat Al-Karmel (Arabic: بركة الكرمل الأثرية), is a historical pond located in the town of Al-Karmel south of Hebron, West Bank. Its history dates back to the Canaanite period, where it was used to collect water from pure springs flowing from the ancient stone quarry within the city. Because of the abundance of water, the pond played an important role in irrigating crops and watering livestock.

Caravan (travellers)
A caravan (from Persian کاروان kârvân) is a group of people traveling together, often on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road, where traveling in groups helped in defense against bandits as well as in improving economies of scale in trade.
2019–20 Swiss Super League
The 2019–20 Swiss Super League (referred to as the Raiffeisen Super League for sponsoring reasons) was the 123rd season of top-tier competitive football in Switzerland and the 17th under its current name and format.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league: the 9 best teams from the 2018–19 season and the 2018–19 Swiss Challenge League champions Servette. Young Boys were the defending champions. They successfully retained the title.

On 28 February Swiss Football League postponed all Super and Challenge League matches of matchdays 24, 25 and 26. Postponement came after the Swiss Federal Council banned all major events until 15 March due to the COVID-19 outbreak. On 13 March Super and Challenge League football was halted at least until the end of April; however, the season was resumed on 19 June.

2018–19 Swiss Super League
The 2018–19 Swiss Super League (referred to as the Raiffeisen Super League for sponsoring reasons) was the 122nd season of top-tier competitive football in Switzerland and the 16th under its current name and format.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league: the 9 best teams from the 2017–18 season and the 2017–18 Swiss Challenge League champion Xamax. The season started on the weekend of 21–22 July 2018 and concluded on 25 May 2019 with a break between 17 December 2018 and 2 February 2019.

In May 2018, the Swiss Football League voted in favor of reintroducing the relegation play-offs, starting from the 2018–19 season. At the end of the season, the 9th-placed team of the Swiss Super League will face the 2nd-placed team of the Swiss Challenge League in a two-legged play-off to determine which of the two will compete in the Super League the following season.
Kosmos 2395
Kosmos 2395 (Russian: Космос 2395 meaning Cosmos 2395) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2002 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2394 and Kosmos 2396.

This satellite is a GLONASS satellite, also known as Uragan, and is numbered Uragan No. 792.

Kosmos 2394/5/6 were launched from Site 81/23 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 07:37 UTC on 25 December 2002. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2002-060C. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 27619.

It was in the third orbital plane in orbital slot 21. It is no longer part of the GLONASS constellation.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
2015 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby
The 2015 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition, for men, and 5th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000, for men, and $50,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in Granby, Quebec, Canada between July 20 and July 26, 2015.

2015 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Andries Stockenström
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet, (6 July 1792 in Cape Town – 16 March 1864 in London) was lieutenant governor of the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony from 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

His efforts in restraining colonists from moving into Xhosa lands served to make him immensely unpopular among the settlers of the Cape Colony frontier. As a historical figure, he long remained controversial in South Africa for supposedly hindering colonisation, and pro-imperialist histories have traditionally vilified him. However his relatively far-sighted and respectful policies towards the Xhosa have increasingly gained recognition in modern South Africa.

On Stockenström's legacy, historian Christopher Saunders concluded: "No man in the 19th century Cape had greater breadth of vision, none gained the respect of a wider constituency, black as well as white."

Albany, South Africa
Albany, South Africa (also known as Cape Borders, Cape Frontier, Settler Country, and Western Region) was a district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Grahamstown was traditionally the administrative capital, cultural centre and largest town of the Albany district.

The area was previously known as the 'Zuurveld' by migrating Boer farmers in the late 18th century, and it lay near the boundary between the Cape Colony and the traditional Xhosa lands to the east. The 1820 Settlers were instrumental in settling and farming the district and giving it some of its distinctive local culture. The ANC government merged the Albany area with the large Xhosa township of Alice as the municipal area of 'Cacadu' .
Malik Siraj Akbar
Malik Siraj Akbar (Urdu: ملک سراج اکبر) is an ethnic Baloch journalist based in the United States. He is the editor-in-chief of the Baluch Hal, the first online English language newspaper of Pakistan's Balochistan Province, Enkaar, a liberal Urdu language news magazine, and a contributing writer for The Huffington Post. He lives in exile in the United States.

In 2010 to 2011, Akbar was a Hubert Humphrey Fellow at Arizona State University while in 2012, the National Endowment for Democracy (N.E.D), a Washington DC–based organization, awarded him a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellowship where he researched the political assassinations, enforced disappearances and attacks on journalists in Balochistan. He was a 2014–15 Edward Mason Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School of Government where he was elected as the Vice President of Communications at the Kennedy School Student Government. He served as the web editor of Kennedy School's student newspaper, the Citizen.

Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship
The Reagan–Fascell Democracy Fellowship Program is a resident program of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). It is named for the 40th U.S President Ronald Reagan and the late U.S. congressman Dante Fascell. Around 16 to 20 scholars are selected per year to serve for five months at NED's International Forum for Democratic Studies.
1973–74 KNVB Cup
The 1973-74 KNVB Cup was the 56th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning on 26 September 1973 and ending at the final on 1 May 1974.

NAC unsuccessfully defended on 1 May 1974 in De Kuip, Rotterdam its 1973 title losing the 1974 KNVB Cup to PSV, 6–0. 38,000 attending. It was PSV's second title.

1972–73 KNVB Cup
The 1972-73 KNVB Cup was the 55th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning on 29 October 1972 and ending at the final on 31 May 1973.

Ajax unsuccessfully defended its 1972 title losing on 10 December 1972 in the Second round, when the 18 Eredivisie teams entered this round, NAC, 2–2 (penalty shootout).

NAC successfully pursued its first KNVB Cup defeating NEC, 2–0. NAC contested in the Cup Winners' Cup.