hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom McAteer
Thomas McAteer (30 March 1876 – 20 September 1959) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, in the Scottish League for Dundee, Clyde, Celtic, Albion Rovers and Abercorn, and in the English Southern League for West Ham United and Brighton & Hove Albion.

1909–10 Scottish Cup
The 1909–10 Scottish Cup was the 37th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition.

The cup was won by Dundee who defeated Clyde 2–0 in the second replay final, after drawing 2–2 and 0–0. As of 2025, it is the only time the club has won the trophy in its 132-year history, with the 115-year period since a last victory - including final defeats in 1925, 1952, 1964 and 2003 – exceeding that of Hibernian (114 years between 1902 and 2016).
MS Parma
MS Parma is a Finnish orienteering club from the outskirts of Turku (Lieto and Mynämäki). It was formed in 2004 when the orienteers from Liedon Parma and Mynämäen Suunnistajat-54 started to compete for the joint club.

In 2018 its team became third in the Venla relay with Anastasia Rudnaya, Tiia Isolahti, Tuulia Viberg and Maija Sianoja.
MS Parma won the Halikko relay in Salo in 2019 with Arto Talvinen in the last leg. In 2019 its team was leading after four legs in Tiomila. The club won the youth relay in Tiomila in 2014.

Tiomila
Tiomila or 10-mila is an orienteering race held annually in Sweden since 1945, usually in late April or early May. It is a 10-man relay which includes both nighttime and daytime legs. The women's race consists of five daylight legs. 
Tiomila attracts club teams from all the major orienteering nations. In 2008, both the men's and the women's race consisted of about 350 teams. In 2019, there were 336 women's teams and 310 men's teams.

The name means "ten mil" (100 km) and refers to the total distance run by each team. The actual distance, however, varies from year to year. The 2015 edition was measured to 116 kilometres (72 mi) along the straight line between the controls.
Ulmus parvifolia 'D. B. Cole'
Ulmus parvifolia 'D. B. Cole' is a Chinese elm cultivar that was selected by the Cole Nursery Company of Circleville, Ohio, in the 1970s and listed in the Arborvillage Farm Nursery (which ceased trading in 2006) of Holt, Missouri, Catalogue of Fall 1991–Spring 1992.

Ulmus parvifolia
Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese elm or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".
Quranic cosmology
Quranic cosmology is how the Quran views the nature of the cosmos, especially its origins, development, and structure. In the Quran, the cosmos originates in an act of creation by God of the heavens and the earth over the course of six days, with the earth being created first, and the heavens second. The layout of the cosmos includes a solid firmament (called the heaven), below it being a flat earth compared to a spread-out bed. A cosmic ocean is found both above the heaven and below the earth. The number of heavens is seven, with possibly seven earths as well, arranged like a stack of plates. Above the highest heaven is the Throne of God.

In the Quran, cosmology is related to themes of purpose, divine will, and an emphasis on the ordering of the world to allow human beings to live on it.

Fussilat
Fuṣṣilat (Arabic: فصلت, fuṣṣilat  "are distinctly explained" or "explained in detail"), also known as Sūrat Ḥā Mīm as-Sajdah (Arabic: سورة ﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ), is the 41st chapter (surah) of the Qur'an with 54 verses (āyāt).

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is traditionally believed to be a Meccan surah, from the second Meccan period (615-619).
Anantrao Patil
Anantrao Patil ( 22 Nov 1921 – 16 April 2008) was a Member of Parliament and Congress Leader from Pune, India. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for the Khed Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra for second time from 1971 to 1977 and earlier from Ahmednagar during 1967–1970. He was also a member of the Press Council of India from 1 October 1970 – 27 December 1970 and 7 January 1972 – 31 December 1975.

Anantrao Patil worked as Chief Editor of the Indian National Congress Party Journal in Pune. He also wrote a biography of Yashwantrao Chavan.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Carbon in pulp
Carbon in pulp (CIP) is an extraction technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process.

Introduced in the early 1980s, Carbon in Pulp is regarded as a simple and cheap process.  As such it is used in most industrial applications where the presence of competing silver or copper does not prohibit its use.  In the case of high (i.e., 1%) copper content, froth flotation is more typical.

Activated carbon acts like a sponge to dicyanoaurate, the main soluble gold species in gold extraction technologies.  Hard carbon particles (much larger than the ore particle sizes) can be mixed with the solution.  The gold cyanide complex adsorb onto the carbon and is proposed to be reduced back to the metal.  Because the carbon particles are much larger than the ore particles, the coarse carbon can then be separated from the slurry by screening using a wire mesh.

Froth flotation
Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. This is used in mineral processing, paper recycling and waste-water treatment industries. Historically this was first used in the mining industry, where it was one of the great enabling technologies of the 20th century. It has been described as "the single most important operation used for the recovery and upgrading of sulfide ores". The development of froth flotation has improved the recovery of valuable minerals, such as copper- and lead-bearing minerals. Along with mechanized mining, it has allowed the economic recovery of valuable metals from much lower-grade ore than previously possible.
Königinstraße
The Königinstraße is a street in Munich. It runs west of the Englischer Garten from the Von-der-Tann-Straße in the district of Maxvorstadt, to the north and to the Maria-Josepha-Straße and Mandlstraße in the Ensemble Alt-Schwabing.

Consulate General of the United States, Munich
The Consulate General of the United States, Munich represents the interests of the United States government in Bavaria, Germany. Headed by the Consul General, the Consulate provides services to Americans in Bavaria and fostering Bavarian-American relations.

The Consulate includes departments devoted to US Foreign Commercial Services, Political, Economic and Environmental Affairs, Public Affairs, Consular Services, and Administrative Affairs. It is the third-largest U.S. diplomatic post in Germany, following Berlin and Frankfurt.
Greek destroyer Doxa (1906)
The Greek destroyer (τορπιλλοβόλον) Doxa (Greek: Δόξα, "glory"), served in the Royal Hellenic Navy from 1907–1917. She was one of four Niki-class destroyers ordered from Germany in 1905 and was built in the Vulcan shipyard at Stettin.

She saw action in the First Balkan War in 1912–13 under Alexandros Chatzikyriakos. During World War I, Greece did not enter the war on the side of the Triple Entente until 1917 and, due to Greece's neutrality the four Niki-class ships had been seized by the Allies in October 1916, taken over by the French in November and served in the French Navy until 1917.  On 27 June 1917, while serving with the French Navy on escort duty, Doxa was attacked and sunk by the Imperial German Navy submarine UB-47 in the Straits of Messina at 38°08′N 15°35′E﻿ / ﻿38.133°N 15.583°E﻿ / 38.133; 15.583, resulting in 29 deaths.

Strait of Messina
The Strait of Messina is a narrow strait between the eastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and the western tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in Southern Italy. It connects the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south, within the central Mediterranean. At its narrowest point, between Torre Faro and Villa San Giovanni, it is 3.1 km (1.9 mi) wide. At the city of Messina, it is 5.1 km (3.2 mi) wide. The strait's maximum depth is about 250 m (820 ft).

The strait has strong tidal currents that create a unique marine ecosystem. The rock in the town of Scilla, Calabria at the north of the strait and a natural whirlpool in the northern portion of the strait have been linked to the Greek legend of Scylla and Charybdis. In some circumstances, the mirage of Fata Morgana can be observed when looking at Sicily from Calabria. With its bottleneck shape, it is also a compulsory point of transit in the migration of many bird species.
Dockside ferry wharf
Dockside ferry wharf was located on the southern side of the Brisbane River serving the Brisbane suburb of Kangaroo Point in Queensland, Australia. It was served by Transdev Brisbane Ferries' CityHopper services. These services were suspended in July 2020 and formally cancelled to stop at this wharf in October 2020.

Kangaroo Point, Queensland
Kangaroo Point is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Kangaroo Point had a population of 9,689 people.

The suburb features two prominent attractions, the Story Bridge and Kangaroo Point Cliffs. At the western margins, the Captain Cook Bridge marks the start of the Pacific Motorway.  The Kangaroo Point Green Bridge connects the suburb to the central business district.
Yu Yuanhui
Yu Yuanhui (Chinese: 余远辉; born January 1964) is a Chinese politician of ethnic Yao heritage who spent most of his career in Southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Until 2015, he served as the Communist Party Secretary of Nanning, capital of Guangxi, and was a Standing Committee member of the regional party organization. In May 2015, he was put under investigation by the Chinese Communist Party's anti-corruption agency. An alternate member of the Central Committee from 2007 until his downfall, Yu was duly expelled from the party and lost his Central Committee seat in 2015 and was sentenced to 11 years in jail.

Yao people (Asia)
The Yao people (simplified Chinese: 瑶族; traditional Chinese: 瑤族; pinyin: Yáozú) or Dao (Vietnamese: người Dao) is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago.

They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 3,309,341 in the 2020 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states.
Zassenhaus algorithm
In mathematics, the Zassenhaus algorithm
is a method to calculate a basis for the intersection and sum of two subspaces of a vector space.
It is named after Hans Zassenhaus, but no publication of this algorithm by him is known. It is used in computer algebra systems.

Elementary matrix
In mathematics, an elementary matrix is a square matrix obtained from the application of a single elementary row operation to the identity matrix. The elementary matrices generate the general linear group GLn(F) when F is a field. Left multiplication (pre-multiplication) by an elementary matrix represents the corresponding elementary row operation, while right multiplication (post-multiplication) represents the corresponding elementary column operation.

Elementary row operations are used in Gaussian elimination to reduce a matrix to row echelon form.  They are also used in Gauss–Jordan elimination to further reduce the matrix to reduced row echelon form.
Visole
Visole (pronounced [ˈʋiːsɔlɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies immediately northwest of the town of Slovenska Bistrica on the regional road leading to Tinje and the Pohorje range. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Veliko Tinje
Veliko Tinje (pronounced [ˈʋeːlikɔ ˈtiːnjɛ]) is a village in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It is originally a Romanesque building with later adaptations.
Kufra District
Kufra, Kufrah or Kofra (Arabic: الكفرة Al Kufra), also spelled Cufra in Italian, is the largest district of Libya and the second-largest African administrative division. It is slightly smaller than the country of Turkmenistan. Its capital is Al Jawf, one of the oases in Kufra basin. There is a very large oil refinery near the capital. In the late 15th century, Leo Africanus reported an oasis in the land of the Berdoa, visited by a caravan coming from Awjila. It is possible that this oasis in question was either the Al Jawf or the Taiserbo oasis, and on early modern maps, the Al Kufra region was often labelled as Berdoa based on this report.

Awjila
Awjila (Arabic: أوجلة, Italian: Augila) is an oasis town in the Al Wahat District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya. Since classical times it has been known as a place where high quality dates are farmed.  Since the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Islam has played an important role in the community.  The oasis is located on the east-west caravan route between Egypt and Tripoli, Libya, and the north-south route between Benghazi and the Sahel between Lake Chad and Darfur. In the past, it was an important trading center. The people cultivate small gardens using water from deep wells.  Recently, the oil industry has become an increasingly important source of employment.
Gmina Murów
Gmina Murów (German: Gemeinde Murow) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Murów, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 159.7 square kilometres (61.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,306. Since 2009 the commune, like much of the region, has been bilingual in Polish and German.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park.

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Paschal Chagnon
Paschal Chagnon (April 6, 1765 – February 1, 1825) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Surrey in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1808 to 1809.

He was born in Verchères, the son of Jean-Baptiste Chagnon and Marie-Françoise Pinault. Chagnon established himself in business at Verchères. He served as lieutenant in the militia, later reaching the rank of captain. He was married twice: first to Josette Sénécal in 1787 and then to Françoise Dussault in 1813. Chagnon did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1809. He died in Verchères at the age of 59.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Zero element
In mathematics, a zero element is one of several generalizations of the number zero to other algebraic structures. These alternate meanings may or may not reduce to the same thing, depending on the context.

Coproduct
In category theory, the coproduct, or categorical sum, is a construction which includes as examples the disjoint union of sets and of topological spaces, the free product of groups, and the direct sum of modules and vector spaces.  The coproduct of a family of objects is essentially the "least specific" object to which each object in the family admits a morphism.  It is the category-theoretic dual notion to the categorical product,  which means the definition is the same as the product but with all arrows reversed. Despite this seemingly innocuous change in the name and notation, coproducts can be and typically are dramatically different from products within a given category.
Sarajevo Bypass
Sarajevo Bypass is part of European route E73, and it connects the A1 with Sarajevska Cesta and Sarajevo International Airport.There would be 2 interchanges. One is located in XII Transversal, and other one is located on A1, and these two interchanges will be connected with exit road from A1.

European route E73
European route E73 forms part of the United Nations International E-road network, connecting Hungary and Slavonia to Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Adriatic Sea in the vicinity of the port of Ploče. This 679-kilometre (422 mi) route is also designated as the Pan-European Corridor Vc, a branch of the fifth Pan-European corridor. The route largely consists of two-lane roads with at-grade intersections, although in the 2000s, about a third of the route was upgraded to motorway standards. The remainder of the route is currently being upgraded in all the countries spanned. The longest part of this corridor goes through Bosnia and Herzegovina and is widely touted as a road instrumental to the development of the country. As such, and given its geographical location, the road has occasionally been dubbed as the kičma Bosne (eng. The spine of Bosnia). The road also serves as the shortest connection of the eastern and southern parts of Croatia.
Infinite-axis telescope
An infinite-axis telescope is a telescope that can move freely in all directions.  Such telescopes can be mechanically simple hand-guided versions with the mounting serving only to carry the weight of the telescope although there are equatorial versions.

Equatorial mount
An equatorial mount is a mount for instruments that compensates for Earth's rotation by having one rotational axis, called polar axis, parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. This type of mount is used for astronomical telescopes and cameras. The advantage of an equatorial mount lies in its ability to allow the instrument attached to it to stay fixed on any celestial object with diurnal motion by driving one axis at a constant speed. Such an arrangement is called a sidereal drive or clock drive. Equatorial mounts achieve this by aligning their rotational axis with the Earth, a process known as polar alignment.
Nannophrys
Nannophrys is a genus of frogs endemic to Sri Lanka. It used to be placed in the large frog family Ranidae but a phylogenetic study was undertaken using DNA sequences and it is now included in the family Dicroglossidae. They are sometimes known under the common name streamlined frogs.

Dicroglossidae
The frog family Dicroglossidae occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, with most genera and species being found in Asia. The common name of the family is fork-tongued frogs.

The Dicroglossidae were previously considered to be a subfamily in the family Ranidae, but their position as a family is now well established.
Masticophis
Masticophis is a genus of colubrid snakes, commonly referred to as whip snakes or coachwhips, which are endemic to the Americas. They are characterized by having a long, thin body and are not dangerous to humans.

Spencer Fullerton Baird
Spencer Fullerton Baird (/ˈbɛərd/; February 3, 1823 – August 19, 1887) was an American naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and museum curator. Baird was the first curator to be named at the Smithsonian Institution. He eventually served as assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian from 1850 to 1878, and as Secretary from 1878 until 1887. He was dedicated to expanding the natural history collections of the Smithsonian which he increased from 6,000 specimens in 1850 to over 2 million by the time of his death. He also served as the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887 and published over 1,000 works during his lifetime.
Frederick Russell
Frederick William Russell, OC CD KStJ (September 10, 1923 - June 20, 2001) was a Canadian businessman and the ninth lieutenant governor of Newfoundland.

Born in St. John's, he studied at Dalhousie University and the Atlantic School for Advanced Business Administration. He was a fighter pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II in which he flew the de Havilland Mosquito. He was president of Blue Peter Steamships.

He was a member of the Newfoundland Labour Relations Board for over 35 years.

He was a founding member of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets in St. John's.

From 1991 to 1997, he was the lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland.

In 1979, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in 1999.

Russell, Don Johnson, and Geoff Carnell collaborated in the effort to get permission to use the royal designation for the Royal St. John's Regatta in 1993.

Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador
The lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Newfoundland and Labrador of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current, and 15th lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador is Joan Marie Aylward, who has served in the role since 14 November 2023.