hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Chinese Americans in Seattle
Greater Seattle has had a Chinese American community almost since its founding in 1851. Chinese workers arriving in the 1860s were welcomed,  because the Seattle area was sparsely settled and workers were needed; within a few decades, however, newly arrived white settlers resented the Chinese workers, and there were several anti-Chinese riots as the whites attempted to expel the Chinese from the area. Chinese settlement persisted, with the immigrants settling in a well-defined Chinatown where they maintained their culture through family groups, associations, and churches. In the mid-20th century Chinese Americans joined with other immigrant groups to oppose racial discrimination. In 1962 a Chinese American became the first person of Asian ancestry to hold elective office in the state of Washington.

Wing Luke Museum
The Wing Luke Museum is a museum in Seattle, Washington, United States, which focuses on the culture, art and history of Asian Pacific Americans. It is located in the city's Chinatown-International District. Established in 1967, the museum is a Smithsonian Institution affiliate and the only pan-Asian Pacific American community-based museum in the country. It has relocated twice since its founding, most recently to the East Kong Yick Building in 2008. In February 2013 it was recognized as one of two dozen affiliated areas of the U.S. National Park Service.
Ken Owens
Kenneth James Owens (born 3 January 1987) is a former Welsh rugby union player who played as a hooker for the Scarlets and Wales. He made his debut for the Scarlets in 2006, taking over from Matthew Rees as their first-choice hooker upon Rees' departure for the Cardiff Blues in 2013. He also served as backup to Rees, among others, for Wales following his debut against Namibia at the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In 2016, he took over as Wales' first-choice hooker, and in January 2023, following almost a year out with a back injury, he was named as captain for the 2023 Six Nations Championship.

2020–21 European Rugby Champions Cup
The 2020–21 European Rugby Champions Cup (known as the Heineken Champions Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the European Rugby Champions Cup, the annual club rugby union competition run by European Professional Club Rugby (ECPR) for teams from the top six nations in European rugby. It was the 26th season of pan-European professional club rugby competition.

The tournament began on 11 December 2020. The final, originally scheduled at the Stade de Marseille, occurred on 22 May 2021 at Twickenham Stadium.

On 11 January 2021, EPCR suspended the tournament due to further public health restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A revised format was announced on 24 February 2021.
Harishdadpur railway station
Harishdadpur railway station is a railway station on Santragachi–Amta branch line of South Eastern Railway section of the Kharagpur railway division. It is situated beside Maju Road at Dadpur in Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Santragachi–Amta branch line
This line is a part of South Eastern Railway zone, on which the Kolkata Suburban local train runs from Howrah to Amta. Its total distance is about 35 km, which takes about one hour from Santragachi to Amta.
Amity–enmity complex
The amity–enmity complex theory was introduced by Sir Arthur Keith in his work A New Theory of Human Evolution (1948). He posited that humans evolved as differing races, tribes, and cultures, exhibiting patriotism, morality, leadership and nationalism. Those who belong are part of the in-group, and tolerated; all others are classed as out-group, and subject to hostility: "The code of enmity is a necessary part of the machinery of evolution. He who feels generous towards his enemy... has given up his place in the turmoil of evolutionary competition."

Conscience in humans evolved a duality: to protect and save friends, and also to hate and fight enemies. Keith's work summarized earlier opinions on human tribalism by Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and Herbert Spencer.

Tribalism
Tribalism is the state of being organized by, or advocating for, tribes or tribal lifestyles. Human evolution primarily occurred in small hunter-gatherer groups, as opposed to in larger and more recently settled agricultural societies or civilizations. With a negative connotation and in a political context, tribalism can also mean discriminatory behavior or attitudes towards out-groups, based on in-group loyalty.
Gmina Orchowo
Gmina Orchowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Orchowo, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Słupca and 76 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 98.12 square kilometres (37.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,892.

Słupca County
Słupca County (Polish: powiat słupecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Słupca, which lies 66 kilometres (41 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań. The only other town in the county is Zagórów, lying 16 km (10 mi) south of Słupca.

The county covers an area of 837.91 square kilometres (323.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 58,725, out of which the population of Słupca is 14,363, that of Zagórów is 2,932, and the rural population is 41,430.
Taliaferro County, Georgia
Taliaferro County (/ˈtɒlɪvər/ TOL-iv-ər) is a county located in East central Piedmont region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,559, down from the 2010 census when the population was 1,717, making it the least populous county in Georgia and the second least populous county east of the Mississippi River (after Issaquena County, Mississippi). The county seat is Crawfordville.

Issaquena County, Mississippi
Issaquena County (/ˌɪsəˈkwiːnə/, ISS-ə-KWEEN-ə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 Census, its population was 1,338, making it the least populous county in the United States east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Mayersville. With a per-capita income of $24,489, Issaquena County is, by that measure, the third-poorest county in the United States.

Issaquena County is located in the Mississippi Delta region. The Mississippi River flows along the entire western boundary of the county, and many of the earliest communities were river ports.

The county's economy is chiefly based on agriculture and a prison, the Issaquena County Correctional Facility. Hunting also contributes to the economy; Mississippi's two most recent records for the heaviest alligator taken by a hunter have both been in Issaquena County, the latest in 2012 when a 697.5 lb (316.4 kg) alligator was killed at a camp near Fitler.
2015 ATP World Tour Finals
The 2015 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2015 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis year-end tournament that was played at the O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom, between 15 and 22 November 2015. It was the season-ending event for the best singles players and doubles teams on the 2015 ATP World Tour.

2015 French Open
The 2015 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 114th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 24 May to 7 June and consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events.

Rafael Nadal was the five-time defending champion in the Men's Singles, but lost to Novak Djokovic in the quarter finals. Stan Wawrinka won his first French Open title, defeating Djokovic in the final. Maria Sharapova was defending the Women's Singles title, but lost to Lucie Šafářová in the fourth round. Serena Williams defeated Šafářová in the final and won her third French Open title, 20th Grand Slam singles title, and third Career Grand Slam (joining Steffi Graf as the only two women in the Open Era to do so).
Nguyễn Thiên Nga
Nguyễn Thiên Nga (born 1975 in Saigon) was crowned the fifth Miss Vietnam in 1996. At the time of the contest she was a second year student at the Foreign Trade University in Ho Chi Minh City. She also won the best answer award in the competition.
Nguyễn Thiên Nga is the first contestant in the history of the competition to win two "Miss Vietnam" titles, the first in 1996 as the official contestant and the second title in 1999. In that year she was the special contestant for choosing a delegate representative for Vietnam in the "Miss Friendship of the World 1999" competition. After graduating from the Foreign Trade University in 2000, Nguyễn Thiên Nga decided to study economics in the United States.

Miss Vietnam
Miss Vietnam (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Việt Nam) is the oldest and most prestigious national beauty contest in Vietnam, that has been held biennially since 1988. The contest is organized by Tiền Phong – a mouthpiece by Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country's only political organization.

The contest is held every two years, with the main goal of the contest being to seek and honor the comprehensive beauty of Vietnamese women, including: beauty, intelligence, culture and kindness. The contest is not only a beauty contest but also a place to spread good values, inspire and contribute positively to the community.

The current Miss Vietnam titleholder is Hà Trúc Linh from Phú Yên province (now Đắk Lắk province), who was crowned on June 27, 2025 in Huế.
Rupavati
Rupavati (pronounced rūpavati, meaning the beautiful one) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 12th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is one of the few rāgams given the same name by the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Belogradchik dialect
The Belogradchik dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Transitional dialects, which is spoken on the westernmost northern slopes of the Balkan Mountains in northwestern Bulgaria. It borders on the Northwestern Byala Slatina-Pleven and Vidin-Lom dialect and north, the Sofia dialect to the southeast and the Serbian Torlak dialect to the southwest.

Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect
The Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect is a Bulgarian dialect spoken in the regions of Pleven, Byala Slatina and Kula in northwestern Bulgaria. The dialect is part of the Northwestern Bulgarian dialects. The most significant feature of the dialect, as in all Western Bulgarian dialects, is the pronunciation of Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) only as ɛ instead of formal and Eastern Bulgarian я/е (ʲa~ɛ) – бел/бели instead of бял/бели. Otherwise, the Byala Slatina-Pleven dialect bears strong resemblance to its neighbouring Eastern Bulgarian dialects and with some exceptions, mainly the pronunciation of yat, has the same phonological and morphological features as the neighbouring subdialects of the Eastern Bulgarian Central Balkan dialect.
Action off Zuwarah
The Action off Zuwarah (19/20 January 1943) was a night encounter during the Second World War. The battle took place in Libyan waters between the Royal Navy and the Regia Marina. An Italian flotilla of small minesweepers and auxiliary vessels evacuating Tripoli was destroyed by two British destroyers.

British Military Administration (Libya)
The British Military Administration of Libya was the control of the regions of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania of the former Italian Libya by the British from 1943 until Libyan independence in 1951. It was part of the Allied administration of Libya.
IMAGINE Photogrammetry
IMAGINE Photogrammetry (formerly Leica Photogrammetry Suite – LPS) is a software application for performing photogrammetric operations on imagery and extracting information from imagery.  IMAGINE Photogrammetry is significant because it is a leading commercial photogrammetry application that is used by numerous national mapping agencies, regional mapping authorities, various DOTs, as well as commercial mapping firms.  Aside from commercial and government applications, IMAGINE Photogrammetry is widely used in academic research. Research areas include landslide monitoring, cultural heritage studies, and more.

Digital elevation model
A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM) is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid. A "global DEM" refers to a  discrete global grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis for digitally produced relief maps.
A digital terrain model (DTM) represents specifically the ground surface while DEM and DSM may represent tree top canopy or building roofs.

While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DTM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological applications, and other applications, and in planetary science.
Five-card majors
Five-card majors is a contract bridge bidding treatment common to many modern bidding systems. Its basic tenet is that an opening bid of one-of-a-major in first and second position guarantees at least five cards in that major. This method has become standard in North American tournament play, but European methods vary.

Negative double
The negative double is a form of takeout double in bridge. It is made by the responder after their right-hand opponent overcalls on the first round of bidding, and is used to show shortness in overcall's suit, support for the unbid suits with emphasis on majors, as well as some values. It is treated as forcing, but not unconditionally so. In practice, the negative double is sometimes used as a sort of catch-all, made when no other call properly describes responder's hand. Therefore, a partnership might even treat the negative double as a wide-ranging call that merely shows some values.
2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next governor of South Dakota. Incumbent Republican governor Dennis Daugaard was term-limited and could not seek a third consecutive term.

Republican candidate Kristi Noem won against Democratic candidate Billie Sutton in the closest gubernatorial election in South Dakota history. Noem also became the first female governor of the state. Her victory extended the longest active hold on a governorship by one party; the GOP had won every gubernatorial election in South Dakota starting in 1978. Conversely, Noem's vote percentage of 51% was the worst performance for any Republican gubernatorial candidate in the state since 1974, while Sutton's 47.6% was the best for any Democratic candidate since 1986.

1978 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1978 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1978, to elect a Governor of South Dakota. Republican nominee Bill Janklow was elected, defeating Democratic nominee Roger D. McKellips.
Million Jobs
Million Jobs was a campaign group in the United Kingdom that aimed to tackle youth unemployment. The group's name comes from the statistic that at the height of the Great Recession, over 1,000,000 people under the age of 25 were unemployed in the United Kingdom. The campaign is led by Lottie Dexter, a former Comms Officer at the Centre for Social Justice. They have hosted a roundtable discussion at 10 Downing Street with the Prime Minister, and they also head a debate in the House of Lords.

Youth unemployment
Youth unemployment refers to the proportion of the labor force aged 15 – 24 who do not have a job but are seeking employment. Young adult unemployment refers to unemployment among ages 25–34.

Youth unemployment is different from unemployment in the general workforce in that youth unemployment rates are consistently higher than those of adults worldwide, with the European Commission reporting that, from 2014 - 2024, the EU youth unemployment rate has remained approximately twice as high as the general unemployment rate. Youth unemployment is a complex issue because it often intersects with other socio-economic inequalities like racism, class, gender, and caste.
Schaffhausen S-Bahn
The Schaffhausen S-Bahn is an S-Bahn network in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and the German state of Baden-Württemberg (Konstanz and Waldshut districts). It comprises three services and began operation in 2015. Services are operated by SBB GmbH, Swiss Federal Railways' German subsidiary, and Thurbo.

Regional railway services in the city of Schaffhausen and other nearby towns are complemented by services of Zürich S-Bahn (S9, S12, S24, S29, S33), St. Gallen S-Bahn (S1), the Seehas (S6), and RB30 of Basel S-Bahn. The system is also supported by bus routes of vbsh.

Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen
Verkehrsbetriebe Schaffhausen (lit. 'Schaffhausen transport company') (VBSH, stylised as vbsh) is a public transport company in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen. It operates bus lines covering the city of Schaffhausen and the surrounding canton, with one regional bus line passing through German territory. It also operated the Schaffhausen trolleybus system until its closure in December 2025.
Mark S. King
Mark S. King (born December 23, 1960) is an American HIV/AIDS activist, blogger, writer, and actor. King tested positive for HIV in 1985 and became an HIV/AIDS activist soon after. He was inducted into the Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists Hall of Fame in 2025. In 2020, he received the Sarah Pettit Memorial Award  for the LGBTQ Journalist of the Year. He is the creator of the video blog My Fabulous Disease, which won the 2020 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Blog. Out magazine named King to its 2020 Out100 list of LGBTQ+ influencers.

NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists
NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists, is an American professional association dedicated to coverage of LGBTQ+ issues in the media. It is based in Washington, D.C., and the membership consists primarily of journalists, students, educators, and communications professionals. The organization was previously known as the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA), but changed its name in 2013 to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBT Journalists" to reflect the diversity of the communities it represents. In 2016, it added a "Q" to represent queer journalists and people, updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists". In 2023, it added a "+" to represent those gender-diverse and sex-diverse people whose identities are not well-known to be added to the acronym, and those who are questioning their identities, updating its name to "NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ+ Journalists".
Henry Gellibrand
Henry Gellibrand (1597–1637) was an English mathematician. He is known for his work on the Earth's magnetic field. He discovered that magnetic declination – the angle of dip of a compass needle – is not constant but changes over time. He announced this in 1635, relying on previous observations by others, which had not yet been correctly interpreted.

He was the son of the physician Henry Gellibrand (1568–1615) and Mary Faversham. His four younger brothers were John, Edward, Thomas and Samuel. Samuel Gellibrand became a prominent seventeenth-century London bookseller.

He also devised a method for measuring longitude, based on eclipses. The mathematical tables of Henry Briggs, consisting of logarithms of trigonometric functions, were published by Gellibrand in 1633 as Trigonometria Britannica.

He was Professor at Gresham College, succeeding Edmund Gunter in 1626. He was buried in St Peter le Poer, a London church that was demolished in 1907.

Edmund Gunter
Edmund Gunter (1581 – 10 December 1626), was an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent.  He is best remembered for his mathematical contributions, which include the invention of the Gunter's chain, the Gunter's quadrant, and the Gunter's scale. In 1620, he invented the first successful analogue device which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents.

He was mentored in mathematics by Reverend Henry Briggs and eventually became a Gresham Professor of Astronomy, from 1619 until his death.
The Planet Smashers
The Planet Smashers are a Canadian ska punk band from Montreal. Since their formation in 1993, they have been a staple of the Montreal music scene. During the third wave of ska, they performed nationally and later internationally, with tours in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Founding member Matt Collyer helped establish Stomp Records in 1994, which featured many ska and ska punk bands, including Montreal's The Kingpins, The Flatliners, The Know How, and Bedouin Soundclash. Their music has been used in the Japanese flash series Catman, Canadian show Radio Free Roscoe, and MTV's Undergrads (shown on Teletoon in Canada). Lyrics by The Planet Smashers often deal with topics such as love, partying and good times, and sometimes use tongue-in-cheek innuendo.

The Know How
The Know How is a third wave ska band from Gainesville, Florida, formed in 1998.  Their musical style blends ska and pop punk and prominently features a Moog synthesizer, alongside more typical ska instrumentation (including an organ and usually one or more trombones).

Despite releases on Jump Up! Records and Stomp Records, numerous nationwide tours (including appearances on the 2005 Warped Tour as well as the second and third Ska Is Dead tours), the band took a long hiatus after their final shows in Gainesville on February 16 and 17, 2007.  The band cited financial strains, tour fatigue and fluctuations in the supporting lineup as contributing factors.

The Know How held a reunion show on July 3, 2010 in Gainesville, Florida at the 1982 Bar and played to a sold-out audience.

The Know How reunited in 2021, releasing a four-track self titled EP.
Alone Together (Pat Martino album)
Alone Together is an album by jazz guitarist Pat Martino, on which he is joined by fellow guitarist Bobby Rose. It was recorded during 1977 and 1978 and was released in 2012 by HighNote Records. Rose, who—like Martino—had roots in Philadelphia, had also appeared on Martino's Baiyina (The Clear Evidence) (1968) and The Visit (1972).

Baiyina (The Clear Evidence)
Baiyina (The Clear Evidence) (subtitled A psychedelic excursion through the magical mysteries of the Koran) is the fourth album by guitarist Pat Martino recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label.
Damarchus (spider)
Damarchus is a genus of Asian mygalomorph spiders in the family Bemmeridae, first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1891.

Damarchus workmani is most often sighted outdoors, and during the month of March.

Bemmeridae
Bemmeridae is a family of African and Asian mygalomorph spiders that was first described as the tribe Bemmereae by Eugène Simon in 1903. It was elevated to a subfamily of funnel-web trapdoor spiders (Bemmerinae) in 1985, then to its own family in 2020.