hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ikigait
Ikigait (Danish: Herjulfsnæs) is a former community in Greenland about 3 km west of Narsarmijit. It was the site of Herjólfr Bárðarson's farm Herjolfsnes ("Herjolf's Point"), one of the easternmost of the Norse settlements during their colonization of Greenland.

The location was established around 1885, when a few artifacts were discovered and returned to Denmark. In 1921, an excavation was led by Danish historian and archaeologist Poul Nørlund (1888-1951), which found the church graveyard.

Herjólfr Bárðarson
Herjólfr Bárðarson is one of the primary settlers in the History of Greenland.

First he lived in Iceland on Drepstokki. He was the son of Bárð Herjólfsson and married to Þorgerður. His son Bjarni Herjúlfsson was the first European sighting the American continent in 986, after getting off course.

Herjólfr was one of Eiríkur rauði's liegemen, who left Iceland with 25 Viking ships  in 985 to settle Greenland. Of these 25 only 14 made it to Greenland, among them Herjólfr's.

According to the Icelandic Landnámabók, his family settled at Herjólfsfjörð on Herjólfsnes peninsula south of Brattahlíð, near modern Narsarmijit (Friedrichsthal) south of Nanortalik.
Razi, Khuzestan
Razi (Persian: رضي, also Romanized as Razī) is a village in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,066, in 362 families.

Hoseynabad Rural District (Shush County)
Hoseynabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان حسين آباد) is in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Amaleh-ye Teymur. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hashiyeh Sheykh Khalaf.
Online model
An online model is a mathematical model which tracks and mirrors a plant or process in real-time, and which is implemented with some form of automatic adaptivity to compensate for model degradation over time.

Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.  The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that their value affects the distribution of the measured data. An estimator attempts to approximate the unknown parameters using the measurements.
In estimation theory, two approaches are generally considered:

The probabilistic approach (described in this article) assumes that the measured data is random with a probability distribution dependent on the parameters of interest

The set-membership approach assumes that the measured data vector belongs to a set which depends on the parameter vector.
Neula
Neula (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈnewlə], plural: neules) is a type of Catalan biscuit, eaten traditionally at Christmas with cava wine, which they are often dipped into, and torró nougat. Neula consists of a very thin sheet of a mixture of egg whites, butter, sugar and flour, flavoured with lemon and rolled.

Other popular versions include neules stuffed with torró de Xixona, or covered with a chocolate lay. Traditionally eaten at Christmas, they are also eaten at other times, sometimes with crema catalana or ice cream.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Football in North Korea
Association football in North Korea is governed by the DPR Korea Football Association (KFA), which was established in 1945. While football is the most popular sport in the country, the state's secrecy makes it difficult to accurately determine things such as attendances and popularity for club matches. Approximately one in five people in North Korea are considered association football fans.

DPR Korea Football League
The DPR Kalandars Football league (Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선민주주의인민공화국 축구 리그) is North Korea's association football league. It has a first division DPR Korea Premier Football League, a second division DPR Korea Football League 2, and a third division DPR Korea Football League 3.
Brumfield v. Cain
Brumfield v. Cain, 576 U.S. 305 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that because Brumfield satisfied 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(2)’s requirements, he was entitled to have his Atkins v. Virginia claim considered on the merits in federal court.

Atkins v. Virginia
Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled 6–3 that executing people with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishments, but that states can define who has an intellectual disability. At the time Atkins was decided, 18 of the 38 death penalty states exempted mentally disabled offenders from the death penalty.

Twelve years later in Hall v. Florida the U.S. Supreme Court narrowed the discretion under which U.S. states can designate an individual convicted of murder as too intellectually incapacitated to be executed.
Coombes Holloway Halt railway station
Coombes Holloway Halt railway station was a railway station in Halesowen, England, on the Great Western Railway & Midland Railway's Joint Halesowen Railway line from Old Hill to Longbridge. The station was intermediate stopping point between Halesowen and Old Hill, and was only ¾ of a mile from Old Hill station. It had a short lived life as a station of only 22 years. The station site is now covered by a small industrial unit, alongside which the disused embankment can be seen.

Halesowen
Halesowen (/heɪlzˈoʊ.ɪn/ haylz-OH-in) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically an exclave of Shropshire and, from 1844, in Worcestershire, the town is around 7 miles (11 km) from Birmingham city centre, and 6 miles (10 km) from Dudley town centre. The population at the 2011 Census, was 58,135. Halesowen is in the Halesowen parliamentary constituency.
Candy apple
Candy apples (in American English) or toffee apples (in Commonwealth English) are whole apples covered in a sugar candy coating, with a stick inserted as a handle. These are a common treat at fall festivals in Western culture in the Northern Hemisphere, such as Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night, because these festivals occur in the wake of annual apple harvests. Although toffee apples and caramel apples may seem similar, they are made using distinctly different processes.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Young Kashgar Party
The Young Kashgar Party (Chinese: 青年喀什噶爾黨) was a Turkic nationalist Uighur political party which existed from 1933 to 1934. It helped found the First East Turkestan Republic, a separatist entity of the Republic of China. It was anti-Han and anti-Hui. The Uighur military leader Timur Beg and the Khotan Emirs Muhammad Amin Bughra, Abdullah Bughra and Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra formed an alliance with the Young Kashgar Party. It convened a parliament of 40 members and sent two delegates to Khoja Niyaz.

Muhammad Amin Bughra
Muhammad Amin Bughra (Uyghur: مۇھەممەد ئىمىن بۇغرا, محمد أمين بغرا, Мухаммад Эмин Бугро; Chinese: 穆罕默德·伊敏; pinyin: Mùhǎnmòdé·Yīmǐn), sometimes known by his Chinese name Mao Deming (Chinese: 毛德明) or his Turkish name Mehmet Emin Buğra (1901–1965), was a Uyghur emir who attempted to establish a sovereign state, the First East Turkestan Republic. He was a Jadidist.
Krapina Neanderthal site
Krapina Neanderthal site, also known as Hušnjakovo Hill (Croatian: Hušnjakovo brdo) is a Paleolithic archaeological site located near Krapina, Croatia.

At the turn of the 20th century, Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger recovered faunal remains as well as stone tools and human remains at the site. Krapina represents the largest known recovery of human skeletal remains from any Upper Pleistocene site.

Uranium–thorium dating
Uranium–thorium dating, also called thorium-230 dating, uranium-series disequilibrium dating or uranium-series dating, is a radiometric dating technique established in the 1960s which has been used since the 1970s to determine the age of calcium carbonate materials such as speleothem or coral. Unlike other commonly used radiometric dating techniques such as rubidium–strontium or uranium–lead dating, the uranium-thorium technique does not measure accumulation of a stable end-member decay product. Instead, it calculates an age from the degree to which secular equilibrium has been restored between the radioactive isotope thorium-230 and its radioactive parent uranium-234 within a sample.
2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau
The 2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament for men and the 3rd for women, and it was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $75,000 for men and $25,000 for women in prize money. It took place in Gatineau, Canada between August 8 and August 14, 2016.

Challenger de Gatineau
The Challenger de Gatineau, currently sponsored as Challenger Banque Nationale de Gatineau, was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was  part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit. It was held annually in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, since 2014 for women and since 2016 for men. It was cancelled in September 2019.
Rad Gumbo: The Complete Warner Bros. Years 1971–1990
Rad Gumbo: The Complete Warner Bros. Years 1971–1990 is a 2014 collection recorded by Little Feat and released by Rhino/Warner Bros. Records.

Little Feat were an active group recording for Warner Bros Records from the first album, 1971's Little Feat, through to their break-up in 1979, the last album being that year's Down on the Farm, and then for the first two albums of their reunion, 1988's Let It Roll and 1990's Representing the Mambo.

The albums included in this collection are all of the band's studio albums up to 1990, the 1978 live album Waiting for Columbus (represented by its 2002 2-disc expanded version), the 1981 compilation Hoy-Hoy!, and Outtakes from Hotcakes, an edited version of the rarities disc from 2000's Hotcakes & Outtakes box set (the pre-Warner Bros. demo recordings included in that set are not included).

All the albums are on CD presented in mini-LP style packaging.

Let It Roll (Little Feat album)
Let It Roll is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Little Feat, released in 1988. Eight of the ten songs on the album were co-written by new band member Craig Fuller, the founding member of Pure Prairie League. Fuller also takes most lead vocals. The album attained RIAA certified gold status on February 14, 1989. It is the first Little Feat studio album without Lowell George, after his death in 1979 and is one of their most successful albums, sparking a comeback by the band. The first single, "Hate to Lose Your Lovin'", earned the band their first #1 hit on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.
The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.
Kwang Pu Chen
Kwang Pu Chen (traditional Chinese: 陳光甫; simplified Chinese: 陈光甫; pinyin: Chén Guāngfǔ; Wade–Giles: Chen Kuang-fu; 17 December 1881 – 1 July 1976) was a Shanghai-based Chinese banker and State Councillor. He was the founder of the first modern Chinese savings bank, the Shanghai Commercial and Savings Bank, the Shanghai Commercial Bank, a travel agency, as well as the China Assurance Corporation Ltd.

He was one of China's most successful entrepreneurs in the twentieth century, particularly influential in the financial and business world of Shanghai.  He played a key role in negotiating financial aid from the United States in 1937-1940, working with Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau.

Linsun Cheng, in his Banking in Modern China: Entrepreneurs, Professional Managers, and the Development of Chinese, says, "It is almost impossible to describe any significant innovation in the history of modern Chinese banks without mentioning K. P. Chen's name."

Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.
2018–19 FIBA Europe Cup Play-offs
The 2018–19 FIBA Europe Cup play-offs will begin on 6 March and conclude on 24 April and 1 May 2019 with the 2019 FIBA Europe Cup Finals, to decide the champions of the 2018–19 FIBA Europe Cup. A total of 16 teams will compete in the play-offs.

2018–19 Basketball Champions League
The 2018–19 Basketball Champions League was the third season of the Basketball Champions League (BCL), a European-wide professional basketball competition for clubs, that was launched by FIBA. The competition began in September 2018, with the qualifying rounds, and concluded in May 2019. It featured 19 domestic champions including two from France and Italy.

The Final Four was held in the Sportpaleis in Antwerp on 3 and 5 May 2019.

Virtus Bologna won its first BCL championship. As such, the team qualified for the 2020 FIBA Intercontinental Cup.
Jean Capperonnier
Jean Capperonnier (1716, Montdidier, Somme – 1775) was a French classical scholar.

He succeeded his uncle Claude Capperonnier, also a distinguished scholar, as the Greek chair at the Collège de France. He published valuable editions of classical authors including Caesar, Anacreon, Plautus, and Sophocles. In 1770, he was named to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

He was a close friend of Diderot's, and he is mentioned often in the correspondence between the Abbé Galiani and Mme d'Epinay.

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.
Street, County Westmeath
Street or Streete (Irish: An tSráid or Sráid) is a village and parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It lies on the regional road between Lismacaffery and Rathowen. Its Irish name was historically anglicised as Straid or Strade before it became Street or Streete.

Rathowen
Rathowen (Irish: Ráth Eoghain, meaning 'Eoghan's ringfort') is a small village in County Westmeath, Ireland, on the N4 national primary route. Rathowen was designated as a census town by the Central Statistics Office for the first time in the 2016 census, at which time it had a population of 150 people. The population increased to 187 at the 2022 census.

The village is around 20 km northwest of Mullingar, 20 km southeast of Longford Town, and 100 km northwest of Dublin city centre.
Zapatoca
Zapatoca (Spanish pronunciation: [sapaˈtoka]) is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. It is at a high altitude and is a common stop between Bucaramanga and San Gil. It was built in the early 17th century by the Spanish conquistadores.

San Gil
San Gil is a town and municipality in the Department of Santander in northeastern Colombia, located roughly 300 km (192 mi) from Bogotá and 95 km from the department's capital, Bucaramanga. As of 2020, San Gil had a population of 51,874 within the urban area, making it the third largest urban area in the department, after Bucaramanga and Barrancabermeja. Founded in 1689, San Gil is over 300 years old. It was officially named the tourist capital of the region in 2004, thanks to its outdoor activity opportunities such as rafting, caving, kayaking and hiking.
Finger joint
A finger joint, also known as a comb joint, is a woodworking joint made by cutting a set of complementary, interlocking profiles in two pieces of wood, which are then glued. The cross-section of the joint resembles the interlocking of fingers between two hands, hence the name "finger joint".  The sides of each profile increases the surface area for gluing, resulting in a strong bond, stronger than a butt joint but not very visually appealing. Finger joints are regularly confused with box joints, which are used for corners of boxes or box-like constructions.

Butt joint
A butt joint is a wood joint in which the end of a piece of material is simply placed (or “butted”) against another piece. The butt joint is the simplest joint. An unreinforced butt joint is also the weakest joint, as it provides a limited surface area for gluing and lacks any mechanical interlocking to resist external forces.

Nonetheless, it generally provides sufficient strength in most cases, particularly when fasteners are used. Additional reinforcement through ties and plates is often used to improve the characteristics of butt-jointed structures. The joint is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity, notably in rough carpentry and construction.
Mohamed Abbou (Moroccan politician)
Mohamed Abbou (Arabic: محمد عبو; born 1 January 1959 in Bni-Oulid near Taounate) is a Moroccan politician of the National Rally of Independents. Between 2007 and 2010, he held the position of Minister-Delegate for Public Service and the Modernization of the Administration in the cabinet of Abbas El Fassi. He was dismissed from this position because of a feud with the "Wali" (governor) of Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate.

Abbas El Fassi
Abbas El Fassi (/əˈbæs ɛl ˈfæsi/ ⓘ; Arabic: عباس الفاسي, romanized: ʿAbbās al-Fāsī; born 18 September 1940) is a Moroccan politician and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent Driss Jettou.
ISO 3166-2:BJ
ISO 3166-2:BJ is the entry for Benin in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Benin, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 12 departments.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is BJ, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Benin. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Sulawesi pitta
The Sulawesi pitta (Erythropitta celebensis) is a species of pitta. It was considered a subspecies of the red-bellied pitta.  It is endemic to Indonesia where it occurs in Sulawesi, Manterawu, and Togian Islands.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Salomon Müller
Salomon Müller (7 April 1804 – 29 December 1864) was a German naturalist. He was born in Heidelberg, and died in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Müller was the son of a saddler in Heidelberg. Along with Heinrich Boie and Heinrich Christian Macklot, he was sent by Coenraad Jacob Temminck to collect specimens in the East Indies. Here, he worked as an assistant for the Natuurkundige Commissie (Commission for Natural Sciences), an organization that he eventually became a member of.

Müller arrived in Batavia in 1826, then journeyed to New Guinea and Timor in 1828 aboard the Triton. He published a number of works drawing on his experiences during that voyage along the coast of New Guinea. Beginning in October 1828, he remained at the port city of Kupang, penetrating the interior of Timor during the following year. In 1831, he was stationed in Java, and later explored western Sumatra from 1833 to 1835.
Prestige Group
Prestige Group is an Indian real estate development company headquartered in Bangalore. Founded by Razack Sattar in 1986, Prestige has developed residential colonies and commercial spaces in Bangalore, Chennai, Kochi, Calicut, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Mangalore, Goa and Delhi-NCR.

Notable projects include Prestige Shantiniketan, UB City, Prestige Golfshire, Prestige Acropolis, The Forum, The Forum Value, The Forum Vijaya, The Celebration Mall, Prestige Lakeside Habitat, and Prestige Kingfisher Towers.

Nexus Celebration Mall
Nexus Celebration Mall is a shopping mall in Udaipur, India. It is located around 2 km from the Fateh Sagar Lake. The mall is built with a historical theme and houses many utility services including a PVR cinema. It opened its first outlet in December 2010 before the official opening on 2 July 2011. The mall is made with the facade of stone along with 23 water bodies cascading fountains inside the mall. Previously named The Celebration Mall, Blackstone group acquired the mall and brought it under India Nexus Malls portfolio.
1901 Grand National
The 1901 Grand National was the 63rd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1901. The race was run in a howling snowstorm and was won by the 9/1 chance, Grudon.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.