hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fiador (tack)
A fiador (/ˈfiːədɔːr/) term of Spanish colonial origin referring to a hackamore component used principally in the Americas. In English-speaking North America, the fiador is known principally as a type of throatlatch used on the bosal-style hackamore.  Its purpose is to stabilize a heavy noseband or bosal and prevent the bridle from shifting.  It is not used for tying the horse.

A fiador-like design and fiador knot is also used under the jaw  on some rope halters, usually ending in a loop to which a lead rope can be attached. This, however, is not an independent "fiador", nor generally labeled as such; it is simply an integral part of the halter itself.

Lead (tack)
A lead, lead line or lead rope (US & UK) is used to lead an animal such as a horse.  Usually, it is attached to a halter.  The lead may be integral to the halter or, more often, separate.  When separate, it is attached  to the halter with a heavy clip or snap so that it can be added or removed as needed.   A related term, lead shank or lead chain refers to a lead line with a chain attached that is used in a variety of ways to safely control possibly difficult or dangerous horses if they will not respond to a regular lead.
Alvana
Alvana (Georgian: ალვანა) is a vanished village in the historical Palakatsio region. The settlement is located within the boundaries of the village of Gülyüzü (formerly Pekrasheni), currently in the Arpaçay District of Kars Province in Turkey.

Arpaçay District
Arpaçay District is a district of the Kars Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Arpaçay. Its area is 1,165 km2, and its population is 15,075 (2022).

More than half of the villages are populated by the Karapapakh.
Henri Emmanuelli
Henri Emmanuelli (French: [ɑ̃ʁi ɑ̃manɥeli]; 31 May 1945 – 21 March 2017) was a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (PS), he was a deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and again from 2000 to 2017. He served as President of the National Assembly from 1992 to 1993 and First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1994 to 1995.

First Secretary of the Socialist Party
The First Secretary of the Socialist Party (French: Premier secrétaire du Parti socialiste) is the most senior politician within the Socialist Party in France. The office has been held by Olivier Faure since 7 April 2018.
Zeugiteae
Zeugiteae is a tribe of the subfamily Panicoideae in the grasses (Poaceae), native to Africa, Asia, Australasia, South and Central America. There are 18 species in four genera.

Zeugiteae is sister to the tribe Chasmanthieae. These two tribes, together with the Cyperochloeae, Thysanolaeneae, Centotheceae, Steyermarkochloeae, and Tristachyideae form a monophyletic clade that is sister to the rest of the Panicoideae.

Species in this tribe use the C3 photosynthetic pathway.

Panicoideae
Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), millet, sorghum, and switchgrass.

C4 photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C3 ancestor.
Al Warqa
Al Warqa (Arabic: ٱلْوَرْقَاء, Al-Warqāʾ), sometimes spelled Al Warqa`a or Al Warqaa, is a locality in Dubai, the U.A.E. Located southeast of Dubai Creek, Al Warqa is bordered to the north by Mirdif, the west by Nad Al Hammar- Awir and the south by Warsan or International City.

Nad Al Hammar
Nad Al Hammar (Arabic: ند الحمر) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nad Al Hammar is a small, residential and industrial community located in Dubai.

The routes E 311 (Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Road) and E 44 (Ras Al Khor Road) form the eastern and southern peripheries of Nad Al Hammar. Nad Al Hammar is on the outskirts of Dubai city limits and has a small residential community.  A Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) substation is located in the southeast of Nad Al Hammar.
Chima Nwafor
Clement Chima NwaforListenⓘ (10 June 1948 – 21 March 2006) was a Nigerian surgeon and politician who served twice as the deputy governor of Abia State from 1992 to 1993 and from 2003 until his death in 2006.

Deputy governor of Abia State
The deputy governor of Abia State is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Abia State, Nigeria, after the governor of Abia State, and ranks first in line of succession. The deputy governor is directly elected together with the governor to a four-year term of office.

Ikechukwu Emetu is the current deputy governor, having assumed office on 29 May 2023.
Bob McHugh (footballer)
Robert McHugh (born 16 July 1991) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Pollok. McHugh has previously played for Motherwell, Falkirk, Greenock Morton and Queen's Park, as well as loan spells with Queen of the South, Airdrieonians and East Kilbride.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
The Caxton Private Lending Library & Book Depository
The Caxton Private Lending Library & Book Depository (ISBN 978-1-613-16052-7) is a short story (book) written by John Connolly and published by Mysterious Press in January 2013, which later went on to win the Edgar Award and Anthony Award for best short story in 2014.

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.
K2-332 b
K2-332 b (also EPIC 211579112.01) is a potentially habitable Super-Earth or Mini-Neptune exoplanet with a radius of 2.2 earths. It is in the empirical habitable zone, receiving 1.17 times the light that Earth gets from the sun. Its star, K2-332, is type M4V, with a temperature of ~3300 K. It was detected using the transit method in 2016 and is 402 light-years away.

Super-Earth
A super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17.1 times Earth's mass respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
2019 Southland Conference baseball tournament
The 2019 Southland Conference baseball tournament was held from May 23 through 25.  The top eight regular season finishers of the league's thirteen teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Constellation Field in Sugar Land, Texas.  The winner of the tournament, McNeese State, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Southland Conference baseball tournament
The Southland Conference baseball tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Southland Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I baseball tournament.
Tomáš Ujfaluši
Tomáš Ujfaluši (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈujfaluʃɪ], born 24 March 1978) is a Czech former professional footballer. He operated as either a central defender or a right-back. Initially beginning his career with SK Sigma Olomouc in 1996, he played in Germany (four years), Italy (four), Spain (three), and Turkey (two) – winning six major titles between Hamburger SV, Atlético Madrid and Galatasaray – respectively. Ujfaluši earned 78 appearances for the Czech Republic, representing the country at the 2006 World Cup and two European Championships.

2011–12 Süper Lig
The 2011–12 Süper Lig (known as the Spor Toto Süper Lig for sponsorship reasons) was the 54th season of the Süper Lig, the top level football league of Turkey. Fenerbahçe were the defending champions. The start date of the league was due to be 7 August 2011, but due to the match fixing scandal in Turkey it began instead on 9 September 2011 and was concluded on 12 May 2012. Galatasaray won their 18th title. A new format was introduced this season, in which after the regular season two play-off groups were played to decide over the Champions League and Europa League starting rounds. Points of the regular season were halved for ranking in those.
Base / Progetti per l'arte
Base / Progetti per l'arte is a non profit artist run space established in 1998 in Florence, Italy, by a collective of artists who live and work in Tuscany. Base in an idea by artists for other artists.

Artist-run space
An artist-run space or artist-run centre (Canada) is a gallery or other facility operated or directed by artists, frequently circumventing the structures of public art centers, museums, or commercial galleries and allowing for a more experimental program. An artist-run initiative (ARI) is any project run by artists, including sound or visual artists, to present their and others' projects. They might approximate a traditional art gallery space in appearance or function, or they may take a markedly different approach, limited only by the artist's understanding of the term. "Artist-run initiatives" is an umbrella name for many types of artist-generated activity.
Furnace Creek Fault Zone
The Furnace Creek Fault Zone (FCFZ) is a geological fault that is located in Eastern California and southwestern Nevada. The right lateral-moving (dextral) fault extends for some 200 km (120 mi) between a connection with the Death Valley Fault Zone in the Amargosa Valley and northward to a termination in the Fish Lake Valley of southwest Nevada. The northern segment of the FCFZ is also referred to as the Fish Lake Valley Fault Zone. The FCFZ is considered an integral part of the Walker Lane.

Amargosa Valley
The Amargosa Valley is the valley through which the Amargosa River flows south, in Nye County, southwestern Nevada and Inyo County in the state of California. The south end is alternately called the "Amargosa River Valley'" or the "Tecopa Valley."  Its northernmost point is around Beatty, Nevada and southernmost is Tecopa, California, where the Amargosa River enters into the Amargosa Canyon.
Medemblik steam museum
The Medemblik steam museum or officially the Netherlands Steam Engine Museum is a historical and science museum in Medemblik, North Holland, the Netherlands. Since 1985 the museum is located in a former pumping station, which  was built in 1869 and decommissioned in 1979. The pumping station's installations are mostly still present and partly functioning. The museum is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage, and the building and parts its interior are registered as a Rijksmonument, a national heritage site.

European Route of Industrial Heritage
The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.
Tirabin al-Sana
Tirabin al-Sana (Hebrew: תראבין א-צאנע), also Tarabin (Arabic: ترابين), is a Bedouin village in the Negev desert in southern Israel. The village was built for the Tarabin tribe. Located near Rahat and Mishmar HaNegev, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,037.

Mishmar HaNegev
Mishmar HaNegev (Hebrew: משמר הנגב, lit. 'Guard of the Negev') is a kibbutz in the northern fringe of the Negev desert in southern Israel. Located on Road 264, about two kilometres south of the Bedouin city of Rahat and around ten kilometres from Beersheba, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bnei Shimon Regional Council. In 2023 its population was 1,121.
St. John's Vancouver
St. John's Vancouver Anglican Church (known in short as "St. John's Vancouver") is an evangelical Anglican church in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 2011 by the clergy and almost all of the laity of St. John's Shaughnessy after the group left the Anglican Church of Canada over theological and moral issues and the congregation lost a legal battle to keep its building during the Anglican realignment. With more than 700 in regular attendance, it is the largest church in the Anglican Diocese of Canada, a diocese of the Anglican Church in North America.

Church planting
Church planting is a term referring to the process (mostly in Protestant frameworks) that results in a new local Christian congregation being established. It should be distinguished from church development, where a new service, worship center or fresh expression is created that is integrated into an already established congregation. For a local church to be planted, it must eventually have a separate life of its own and be able to function without its parent body, even if it continues to stay in relationship denominationally or through being part of a network.
Esanboy
Esanboy (Russian and Tajik: Эсанбой, formerly: Sardorov Karakhan) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Rudaki District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 20,072 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
UK default charges controversy
The UK default charges controversy was an issue in consumer law, relating to the level of fees charged by banks and credit card companies for late or dishonoured payments, exceeding credit limits, etc.

The Supreme Court in 2009 largely resolved the matter of current (checking) account charges in favour of the banks.

Bank fee
A bank fee or a bank charge includes charges and fees made by a bank to their customers exclusive of interest payments. In common parlance, the term often relates to charges in respect of personal current accounts or checking account.

These charges may take many forms such as monthly charges for the provision of an account, specific transaction charges such as withdrawal and transfer fees, ATM usage fees, debit card fees for doing a card transactions above a preset limit per month, credit card fees, loan establishment fees, early termination fees, and minimum account balance fees. They also include overdraft fees or non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees for exceeding authorized overdraft limits, or making payments (or attempting to make payments) where no authorized overdraft exists.
South Hill Mall
South Hill Mall is an enclosed regional shopping mall located in Puyallup, Washington, United States. Opened in 1988 and expanded in 1992, the mall comprises more than 100 stores, plus a food court and movie theater, in 1,074,230 square feet (99,799 m2) of gross leasable area. The mall also includes five anchor stores (two JCPenney stores, Target, Regal Cinemas and Dick's Sporting Goods). Junior anchors are DSW and Old Navy. Two vacant anchors were most recently occupied by Macy's and Sears. The mall is managed by Cafaro Company of Youngstown, Ohio.

Cafaro Company
The Cafaro Company is an American  property management and real estate development company that owns several retail shopping centers throughout the United States. Based in Niles, Ohio, it is the largest privately owned shopping center development and management company in the U.S., managing more than 30,000,000 square feet (2,800,000 m2) of commercial real estate throughout the country.
Colin Bell (footballer, born 1946)
Colin Bell MBE (26 February 1946 – 5 January 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Bell, known for his thirteen-year spell at Manchester City, is regarded as the club's greatest-ever player, and was part of the Bell–Lee–Summerbee trio in the late 1960s and 1970s. Bell made 48 appearances for the England national football team; he was an unused squad member at UEFA Euro 1968 and played in three matches at the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

During his playing career, he was nicknamed "The King of the Kippax" (after Maine Road's Kippax Street terraced stand renowned for its singing) and Nijinsky (after the famous racehorse, due to his renowned stamina). In 2004, the West Stand of City of Manchester Stadium was later named in his honour.

1969–70 British Home Championship
The 1969–70 British Home Championship Home Nations international football tournament was a heavily contested series which contradicted the common view that it would be little more than a warm-up for the English team prior to the 1970 FIFA World Cup, at which they were to defend the title they had won on home soil four years earlier. They had won the two previous tournaments and were considered much stronger than the other three home nations, none of whom had qualified for the finals in Mexico. The English however struggled in their opening fixture, drawing with the Welsh away, and although they subsequently beat the Irish, were unable to overcome the Scots. Scotland had a good opening to the campaign, but drew their last two games, whilst Wales salvaged parity following a victory over Northern Ireland in their final fixture. Since goal difference was not at this time used to determine position, England, Wales and Scotland shared the trophy.
Masonic Temple (Grand Canyon)
Masonic Temple is a 6,242-foot-elevation (1,903-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. Set below Dutton Point on the Powell Plateau, and overlooking the Shinumo Amphitheater, it is situated three miles west of Holy Grail Temple, 2.7 miles northwest of Dox Castle, and 1.6 miles north-northeast of Fan Island. Topographic relief is significant as it rises 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above the Colorado River in four miles (6.4 km). According to the Köppen climate classification system, Masonic Temple is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining south to the Colorado River via Hakatai Canyon from the west aspect, Burro Canyon from the south aspect, and Muav Canyon from the east aspect. This butte is an erosional remnant composed of strata of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Supai Group overlaying the conspicuous cliffs of Mississippian Redwall Limestone, in turn overlaying the Cambrian Tonto Group.

Tonto Group
The Tonto Group is a name for an assemblage of related sedimentary strata, collectively known by geologists as a Group, that comprises the basal sequence Paleozoic strata exposed in the sides of the Grand Canyon. As currently defined, the Tonto groups consists of the Sixtymile Formation, Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale (or Formation), Muav Limestone (or Formation), and Frenchman Mountain Dolostone. Historically, it included only the Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale, and Muav Limestone. Because these units are defined by lithology and three of them interfinger and intergrade laterally, they lack the simple layer cake geology as they are typically portrayed as having and geological mapping of them is complicated.
Eliezer Spiegel
Eliezer Spiegel (Hebrew: אליעזר שפיגל; 20 June 1922 – 26 November 2017) was a footballer and manager, who played for Maccabi Petah Tikva, Beitar Tel Aviv and for the Israel national football team in the 1940s and 1950s.

1970–71 Israel State Cup
The 1970–71 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 32nd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 17th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

Hakoah Maccabi Ramat Gan and Maccabi Haifa made their way to the final, which was played on 16 June 1971, Hakoah winning 2–1 to obtain its second cup.
6th Infantry Division (United States)
The 6th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army active in World War I, World War II, and the last years of the Cold War. Known as "Red Star", it was previously called the "Sight Seein' Sixth". The six points of the star refer to the unit's numerical designation.

11th Field Artillery Regiment
The 11th Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery Branch regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1916. A parent regiment in the U.S. Army Regimental System, one battalion of the regiment is currently active, the 2nd Battalion, 11th Field Artillery Regiment assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division.
Earnshaw's theorem
Earnshaw's theorem states that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. This was first proven by British mathematician Samuel Earnshaw in 1842.
It is usually cited in reference to magnetic fields, but was first applied to electrostatic field.

Earnshaw's theorem applies to classical inverse-square law forces (electric and gravitational) and also to the magnetic forces of permanent magnets, if the magnets are hard (the magnets do not vary in strength with external fields). Earnshaw's theorem forbids magnetic levitation in many common situations.

If the materials are not hard, Werner Braunbeck's extension shows that materials with relative magnetic permeability greater than one (paramagnetism) are further destabilising, but materials with a permeability less than one (diamagnetic materials) permit stable configurations.

Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges on macroscopic objects where quantum effects can be neglected. Under these circumstances, the electric field, electric potential, and the charge density are related without complications from magnetic effects.

Since classical antiquity, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον), meaning 'amber', was thus the root of the word electricity. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.

There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of plastic wrap to one's hand after it is removed from a package, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and photocopier and laser printer operation.