hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry Emerson Fosdick
Harry Emerson Fosdick (May 24, 1878 – October 5, 1969) was an American pastor. Fosdick became a central figure in the fundamentalist–modernist controversy within American Protestantism in the 1920s and 1930s and was one of the most prominent liberal ministers of the early 20th century. Although a Baptist, he was called to serve as pastor, in New York City, at First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan's West Village, and then at the historic, inter-denominational Riverside Church in Morningside Heights, Manhattan.

John D. Rockefeller Jr.
John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was an American financier and philanthropist. Rockefeller was the fifth child and only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. He was involved in the development of the vast office complex in Midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center, making him one of the largest real estate holders in the city at that time. Towards the end of his life, he was famous for his philanthropy, donating over $500 million to a wide variety of different causes, including educational establishments. Among his projects was the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. He was widely blamed for having orchestrated the Ludlow Massacre and other offenses during the Colorado Coalfield War. Rockefeller was the father of six children: Abby, John III, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David.
Siege of Minamata Castle
The siege of Minamata Castle was a short siege of the castle of Minamata.

Minamata was the entry point for the Ōtomo lands in Higo province, the castle was guarded by Sagara Yoshihi with 700 soldiers.

When Shimazu Toshihisa and Iehisa encamped near the castle with 115,000 men, Yoshihi was forced to surrender.

Later, Yoshihi was killed in a surprise attack by Kai Soun's army in the Battle of Hibikinohara.

Higo Province
Higo Province (肥後国, Higo no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [çiꜜ.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), çiꜜ.ŋo-, çi.ɡoꜜ-, çi.ŋoꜜ-]) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. It was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Hizen Province. Higo bordered on Chikugo, Bungo, Hyūga, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Provinces.
Air Vietnam
Active from 1951 to 1975, Air Viet Nam (Air VN) (Vietnamese: Hãng Hàng không Việt Nam) was South Vietnam's first commercial air carrier, headquartered in District 1, Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). Established under a decree by Chief of State Bảo Đại, the airline flew over two million passengers, throughout the Vietnam War, and until its collapse due to the Fall of Saigon. It was Vietnam's first commercial airline.

Douglas C-54 Skymaster
The Douglas C-54 Skymaster is a four-engined transport aircraft used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II and the Korean War. Like the Douglas C-47 Skytrain derived from the DC-3, the C-54 Skymaster was derived from a civilian airliner, the Douglas DC-4. Besides transport of cargo, the C-54 also carried presidents, prime ministers, and military staff. Dozens of variants of the C-54 were employed in a wide variety of non-combat roles such as air-sea rescue, scientific and military research, and missile tracking and recovery. During the Berlin Airlift it hauled coal and food supplies to West Berlin. After the Korean War it continued to be used for military and civilian uses by more than 30 countries. It was one of the first aircraft to carry the incumbent President of the United States, the first being President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II.
Secostruma
Secostruma is a genus of subterranean ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Secostruma lethifera. The genus is known from a single worker collected in Gunong Silam, Sabah, Malaysia.

Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees. All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.
Cabinet of Enrique Peñaranda
Enrique Peñaranda assumed office as the 38th President of Bolivia on 15 April 1940, and his term was terminated by a coup d'état on 20 December 1943. A general in the Chaco War, Peñaranda was brought forth by the traditional conservative political parties, sidelined since the end of the Chaco War, as their candidate in the 1940 general elections.

Peñaranda formed six cabinets during his under 44-month presidency, constituting the 102nd to 107th national cabinets of Bolivia.

Ministry of Economy (Bolivia)
The Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas) is a cabinet ministry of the government of Bolivia responsible for overseeing the nation's public finances and responsible for formulating and implementing macroeconomic policies that preserve stability and promote economic and social equity.

Following the election of Rodrigo Paz Pereira as President in the 2025 Bolivian general election, the Ministry was merged with the Ministry of Planning.
Gerakini
Gerakini or Yerakini (Greek: Γερακινή Greek pronunciation: [ʝeɾaciˈni], locally [ʝiracˈɲi]) is a village on the Chalkidiki peninsula in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece. It was an official settlement within the municipality of Polygyros until it was abolished in 2001.

It has been the port of nearby Polygyros, the capital of Chalkidiki, ever since its settlement. It has the largest magnesite deposits in Northern Greece.

Kassandra, Chalkidiki
Kassandra (Greek: Κασσάνδρα) or Kassandra Peninsula (Χερσόνησος Κασσάνδρας, Chersónisos Kassándras) is a peninsula and a municipality in Chalkidiki, Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kassandreia.
Iccia gens
The gens Iccia was a minor plebeian family at Rome.  It is known primarily from a small number of individuals who lived during the first century BC, as well as a number of inscriptions from Gallia Narbonensis.

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in  Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania. The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire, owing to the Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.
1860 Vermont elections
The Vermont Election in 1860 consisted of elections for federal, state, and local elections. All state offices were for two years. All terms expired in 1862. Elections included the gubernatorial, all state offices, including all state senators and representatives, the federal Congress and the presidential.

Seats were distributed two state senate seats per county; 1 state lower house seat per town or city.

Voters elected 29 Republicans to the state senate and 1 Democrat. They elected 211 Republicans to the lower house; 25 Democrats.

1860 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1860 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 2, 1860, as part of the 1860 United States presidential election. Voters chose five electors of the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Vermont was won by Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln and his running mate Hannibal Hamlin They defeated Democratic candidate Stephen A. Douglas (who himself was born in the Vermont town of Brandon) and his running mate Herschel V. Johnson. Lincoln won the state by a landslide margin of 56.45%.

With 75.86% of the popular vote, Vermont would be Lincoln's strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote.
Battle of La Favorita
The Battle of La Favorita was fought on 15–16 January 1797 between French forces of the Army of Italy under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian troops commanded by Field Marshal Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser and General Giovanni Provera. The engagement took place east of Mantua during the final phase of the Italian campaign of 1796–1797.

The French victory eliminated the last Austrian attempt to relieve Mantua, sealing the fate of the fortress and effectively ending organized Habsburg resistance in northern Italy.

Jean Lannes
Jean Lannes, 1st Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ lan]; 10 April 1769 – 31 May 1809), was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

He was one of Napoleon's most daring and talented generals, and is regarded by many as one of history's greatest military commanders. Napoleon once commented on Lannes: "I found him a pygmy and left him a giant". A personal friend of the emperor, he was allowed to address him with the familiar tu, as opposed to the formal vous.
VfL Wolfsburg
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg (pronounced [ˌfaʊ ʔɛf ʔɛl ˈvɔlfsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional sports club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club grew out of a multi-sports club for Volkswagen workers in the city of Wolfsburg. It is best known for its football department, but other departments include badminton, handball and athletics.

The men's professional football team play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, the DFB-Pokal in 2015 and the DFL-Supercup in 2015.

Professional football is run by the spin-off organization VfL Wolfsburg-Fußball GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. Since 2002, Wolfsburg's stadium is the Volkswagen Arena.

Volkswagen and unions
Workers of the German auto manufacturer Volkswagen Group are collectively organized and represented by unions and Works Councils across the globe. Workers are organized on multiple levels; locally, regionally, nationally, internationally and by marque.

Within Germany, the role of the union IG Metall and Works Councils at Volkswagen is unique, even compared with other large auto firms.

Volkswagen workers have some of the strongest organized labour power at any company in the world. These powers are codified in different collective agreements internationally. In Germany collective agreements cover 120,000 workers, almost the entire workforce.

Workers at all of its major locations are represented in the Global Works Council and local union bodies. VW Group has a tradition and practice of social partnership and co-determination rights between management and workers beyond the regulated standards.: 3
Aswardby
Aswardby (pronounced "as-ard-bee") is a village situated 4 miles (6 km) north-west from Spilsby, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies north of the A158 and west of the A16 roads. It is in the civil parish of Sausthorpe.

Fr T. Pelham Dale, SSC, prosecuted and imprisoned for Ritualist practices in 1876 and 1880, and regarded a martyr by Anglo-Catholics, was the parish priest from 1881 to 1892.

Aswardby Hall was built approximately 1845, with further building works completed around 1910.

Aswardby should not be confused with Aswarby, which is also in Lincolnshire, but about 35 miles (56 km) south-west of Aswardby.

A158 road
The A158 road is a major route that heads from Lincoln in the west to Skegness on the east coast. The road is located entirely in the county of Lincolnshire and is single carriageway for almost its entirety. The road is approximately 40 miles (64 km) long. The road gets quite congested with holiday traffic during the summer.
Phyllotreta chalybeipennis
Phyllotreta chalybeipennis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and North America. Larvae are leaf miners of Cakile edentula, and adults feed on leaves of the same host.

Flea beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily.

Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae sensu stricto (or Galerucini in some classifications).
Klumpane Peaks
The Klumpane Peaks are a group of small rock peaks on the east side of the mouth of Strengen Valley, on the Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and named Klumpane (the lumps).

Strengen Valley
Strengen Valley (72°0′S 3°28′W﻿ / ﻿72.000°S 3.467°W﻿ / -72.000; -3.467) is an ice-filled valley, about 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, between Flarjuvnutane Peaks and Flarjuven Bluff on the west side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica (claimed as a dependency of Norway). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named Strengen (the string).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Strengen Valley". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Baliar Khurd
Baliar Khurd is a village in Rewari district in Haryana, India. it is situated on Rewari-Delhi road after Hansaka village. Khurd and Kalan are Persian language words which mean small and big respectively. When two villages have the same name they are distinguished by adding Kalan (big) or Khurd (small) to the end of the village name.

Hansaka
Hansaka is the first village located on Rewari-Delhi road in the Rewari district of Haryana, India, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city of Rewari. Hansaka Gram Panchayat is a relatively large village, comprising nine wards and 1,600 voters as of 2003. The village population is dominated by the Ahirs.Three big temples in village one is of goddess shera wali mata mandir and one is Shiv temple opposite to the lane of Shri Baldev Singh Yadav and last is at Village bus stop stand. And four small Temples. And its bus stop connects 10 villages.
Interleukin 1-alpha
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1α inhibitors are being developed to interrupt those processes and treat diseases.

IL-1α is produced mainly by activated macrophages, as well as neutrophils, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. It possesses metabolic, physiological, haematopoietic activities, and plays one of the central roles in the regulation of the immune responses. It binds to the interleukin-1 receptor. It is on the pathway that activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an important subtype (which functions in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name "lymphocyte" (with cyte meaning cell). Lymphocytes make up between 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells.
Arsonic acid
Arsonic acid is the simplest of the arsonic acids.  It is a hypothetical compound, although the tautomeric arsenious acid (As(OH)3) is well established.  In contrast to the instability of HAsO(OH)2, the phosphorus compound with analogous stoichiometry exists as the tetrahedral tautomer.  Similarly, organic derivatives such as phenylarsonic acid are tetrahedral with pentavalent central atom.

There are similar acids that are the same except for having different pnictogens. The phosphorus equivalent is phosphonic acid.

Phenylarsonic acid
Phenylarsonic acid is the chemical compound with the formula C6H5AsO(OH)2, commonly abbreviated PhAsO3H2.  This colourless solid is an organic derivative of arsenic acid, AsO(OH)3, where one OH group has been replaced by a phenyl group.  The compound is a buffering agent and a precursor to other organoarsenic compounds, some of which are used in animal nutrition, e.g. 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid.
Gerhard Ecker
Gerhard F. Ecker is an Austrian medicinal chemist and expert in the fields of Pharmacoinformatics at the University of Vienna, where he is the Professor for Pharmacoinformatics and Head of the Pharmacoinformatics Research Group at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry. He also coordinates the research focus "Computational Life Sciences" of the Faculty of Life Sciences.

Pharmacoinformatics
Drug discovery and development requires the integration of multiple scientific and technological disciplines. These include chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmaceutical technology and extensive use of information technology. The latter is increasingly recognised as Pharmacoinformatics. Pharmacoinformatics relates to the broader field of bioinformatics.
Flag Ponds Nature Park
Flag Ponds Nature Park is a nature preserve located in Lusby, Maryland along the Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County, Maryland. It is operated by the Calvert County Department of Natural Resources. The park includes nature trails and a beach for swimmers. Fossil shark's teeth eroded from the Calvert Cliffs formation may be collected on the beach. The area included in the park was once a center for pound net fishing from the early 1900s through 1955. One fishing shanty remained until October 2012 when it burned down. It has since been rebuilt.

Calvert Cliffs State Park
Calvert Cliffs State Park is a public recreation area in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland, that protects a portion of the cliffs that extend for 24 miles along the eastern flank of the Calvert Peninsula on the west side of Chesapeake Bay from Chesapeake Beach southward to Drum Point. The state park is known for the abundance of mainly Middle Miocene sub-epoch fossils that can be found on the shoreline.
Irish White potato
Irish White is a variety of potato that was traditionally grown in counties Donegal and Antrim. It was raised by Robert Christie of Ballytaggart about 1882.

The tubers are long, irregular and white skinned with very deep eyes, similar to an 'Irish Lumper' in appearance.

Irish Lumper
The Irish Lumper is a varietal white potato of historic interest. It has been identified as the variety of potato whose widespread cultivation throughout Ireland, prior to the 1840s, is implicated in the Irish Great Famine in which an estimated one million died.
Listed buildings in Shipley, West Yorkshire
Shipley is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.  Excluding the listed buildings in the model village of Saltaire, which are the subject of a separate list, it contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The listed buildings consist of a farmhouse and a barn, houses, churches and associated structures, a canal bridge and a warehouse, mill buildings, including a chimney, and a war memorial.

Saltaire
Saltaire is a Victorian model village near Shipley, West Yorkshire, England, situated between the River Aire, the railway, and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. Salts Mill and the houses were built by Titus Salt between 1851 and 1871 to allow his workers to live in better conditions than the slums of Bradford. The mill ceased production in 1986, and was converted into a multifunctional location with an art gallery, restaurants, and the headquarters of a technology company. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Vetus Latina manuscripts
Vetus Latina manuscripts are handwritten copies of the earliest Latin translations of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, the Deuterocanonical books, and the New Testament), known as the "Vetus Latina" or "Old Latin". They originated prior to Jerome from multiple translators, and differ from Vulgate manuscripts which follow the late-4th-century Latin translation mainly done by Jerome.

Vetus Latina and Vulgate manuscripts continued to be copied alongside each other until the Late Middle Ages; many copies of the Bible or parts of it have been found using a mixture of Vetus Latina and Vulgate readings.

Beuron Archabbey
Beuron Archabbey (in German Erzabtei Beuron, otherwise Erzabtei St. Martin; in Latin Archiabbatia Sancti Martini Beuronensis; Swabian: Erzabtei Beira) is a major house of the Benedictine Order located at Beuron in the upper Danube valley in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Chakkupallam
Chakkupallam  is a Grama Panchayat and Village in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. The administrative capital(Panchayat Office) and village center of Chakkupallam Grama Panchayat is Anakkara, located on Kumily-Munnar state highway.

Kumily
Kumily, also spelt as Kumaly (Malayalam: [kumɐɭi]) is a revenue village and Gram Panchayat in the Idukki district of the state of Kerala. It is a town in Cardamom Hills near Thekkady and Periyar Tiger Reserve and a well frequented tourist destination. Kumily is a border town of Kerala adjacent to Tamil Nadu.
De Nios lyrikpris
De Nios lyrikpris (English: De Nio Lyrical Prize) is a Swedish literature prize given by Samfundet De Nio since 2008. The prize has however been given only one time. The prize money is 125 000 Swedish kronor two times.

Samfundet De Nio
Samfundet De Nio (The Nine Society or Society of the Nine) is a Swedish literary society founded on 14 February 1913 in Stockholm by a testamentary donation from writer Lotten von Kraemer. The society has nine members who are elected for life. Its purpose is to promote Swedish literature, peace and women's issues. It mainly presents a number of literary awards. It was started as an alternative to the Swedish Academy and is often compared to its more noted cousin.
Črnolica
Črnolica (pronounced [tʃəɾnɔˈliːtsa], German: Tschernolitza) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Voglajna River, southeast of the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Šentjur
Šentjur (pronounced [ʃɛntˈjùːɾ] ⓘ or [ʃəntˈjùːɾ]; in older sources Sveti Jurij ob Južni Železnici, German: Sankt Georgen an der Südbahn) is a town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat, and largest settlement, of the Municipality of Šentjur. The town lies on the Voglajna River east southeast of Celje. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.