hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maryland Legislative District 35
Maryland's Legislative District 35 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers parts of Cecil County and Harford County. The district is divided into two sub-districts for the Maryland House of Delegates: District 35A and District 35B.

Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.
Eijsden railway station
Eijsden railway station is a railway station in the village of Eijsden, Limburg, Netherlands. It is the southernmost railway station in the Netherlands. The railway station is located on the railway line between Liège-Guillemins (Belgium) and Maastricht (Netherlands). Only trains of the National Railway Company of Belgium between the two stations call in Eijsden; Nederlandse Spoorwegen trains don't serve the station. It opened on 24 November 1861, and was closed between 10 December 2006 and 11 December 2011.

Liège–Maastricht railway
The Liège–Maastricht railway (line 40 in the Belgian numbering plan) is a railway line running from Liège in Belgium to Maastricht in the Netherlands. The line was opened in 1861.

The line runs from the Dutch province of Limburg to the Belgian province of Liège. For a very small part, it runs through the Belgian province of Limburg (near the village of Moelingen).
Nakamura Ganjirō II
Nakamura Ganjirō II (二代目 中村鴈治郎, Nidaime Nakamura Ganjirō; born Yoshio Hayashi (林 好雄, Hayashi Yoshio), 17 February 1902 – 13 April 1983) was a Japanese Kabuki and film actor. He was one of the most influential Kabuki actors in the post-World War II era, and also appeared in more than 70 films between 1941 and 1980, directed by notable filmmakers such as Yasujirō Ozu, Kenji Mizoguchi, Akira Kurosawa, and Mikio Naruse.

For his contributions to Kabuki, Nakamura was awarded the title of Living National Treasure by the Japanese government in 1967, one of several civil honours he received in his lifetime. His son, Sakata Tōjūrō IV, was also a renowned kabuki actor.

Yasujirō Ozu
Yasujirō Ozu (小津 安二郎, Ozu Yasujirō; 12 December 1903 – 12 December 1963) was a Japanese filmmaker. He began his career during the era of silent films, and his last films were made in colour in the early 1960s. Ozu first made a number of short comedies, before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s.
The most prominent themes of Ozu's work are family and marriage, and especially the relationships between generations. His most widely beloved films include Late Spring (1949), Tokyo Story (1953) and An Autumn Afternoon (1962).

Widely regarded as one of the world's greatest and most influential filmmakers, Ozu's work has continued to receive acclaim since his death. In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll, Ozu's Tokyo Story was voted the third-greatest film of all time by critics world-wide. In the same poll, Tokyo Story was voted the greatest film of all time by  358 directors and film-makers world-wide.
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences (1750), also known as Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (French: Discours sur les sciences et les arts) and commonly referred to as The First Discourse, is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality. It was Rousseau's first successfully published philosophical work, and it was the first expression of his influential views about nature vs. society, to which he would dedicate the rest of his intellectual life. This work is considered one of his most important works.

Emile, or On Education
Emile, or On Education (French: Émile, ou De l’éducation) is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the "best and most important" of all his writings. Due to a section of the book entitled "Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar", Emile was banned in Paris and Geneva and was publicly burned in 1762, the year of its first publication. It was forbidden by the Church being listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. During the French Revolution, Emile served as the inspiration for what became a new national system of education. After the American Revolution, Noah Webster used content from Emile in his best-selling schoolbooks and he also used it to argue for the civic necessity of broad-based female education.
John Howell (mining engineer)
John Howell (1833–1910), Canadian-born, naturalized-American mining engineer and mining industry figure, who worked in Australia from 1889. He was well known for his expertise in mining and smelting. The various ventures with which he was associated, in Australia, included, mines at Broken Hill, Dapto Smelting Works, Conrad mine, and several gold mines. Howell, New South Wales, is named after him.

Stamp mill
A stamp mill (or stamp battery or stamping mill) is a type of mill machine that crushes material by pounding rather than grinding, either for further processing or for extraction of metallic ores. Breaking material down is a type of unit operation.
Our Lady Help of Christians Church, Blackheath
Our Lady Help of Christians Church also known as St Mary's Church is a Catholic parish church in Blackheath, Borough of Greenwich, London. It was built from 1890 to 1891 and designed by the Alfred Edward Purdie, in the Gothic Revival style. It is located on Cresswell Park, just off Lee Road, close to Blackheath station. It is a Grade II listed building.

Blackheath railway station
Blackheath railway station is Grade II-listed and is in the south-centre of Blackheath, a village in southeast London.  In traditional terms the area immediately south-west of the station around Lee Terrace and Lee Park is part of Lee; a status challenged by the station's naming, buildings such as the Blackheath Halls and the development of Blackheath Park to the south east. It is 8 miles 52 chains (13.9 km) measured from London Victoria.

The tracks run through the village and are crossed by a road overbridge on which the station buildings stand.
Death in the West
Death in the West is a 1976 documentary film directed by Martin Smith, which is believed to contain the first recorded admission from a tobacco company representative that smoking causes health problems.

It was filmed by reporter Peter Taylor alongside a team from the United Kingdom current affairs program This Week. The film aired only once in the UK, from London in September 1976 on Thames Television, to an audience of approximately 12 million viewers, before a court order was obtained preventing it from being re-aired.

Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is an American tobacco company. They are a division of the American tobacco corporation Altria Group. It has been the leading cigarette manufacturer in the U.S. since the late 20th century. Its major brands include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Merit, and Parliament.

The company was incorporated in New York City in 1902 as Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.  In 1919 George J. Whelan, along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick, acquired the American division of the company and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc. In the 1950s it introduced innovations such as the flip-top box and filters for cigarettes. In 1972, it became the leading cigarette manufacturer in the United States in terms of sales, a position it continued to hold. In March 2008, Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA.
Gostinjac
Gostinjac (Chakavian: Gostinjoc) is a village located on the Croatian island of Krk. It is part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 94 inhabitants. There is a church in the village devoted to Saint Martin.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
William N. Arno
William Nicholas Arno (December 7, 1878 – 1979) was an educator and author in Guyana. He wrote a book about Victoria Village, the settlement developed by former slaves that became Victoria, Guyana. He served as president of the Guyana Teachers Association.

He was born in Victoria, in what was then British Guiana, to a schoolmaster. He had five daughters and three sons and lived in 286 Irving Street in Georgetown.

In his book on Victoria Village, Arno wrote about the  83 people who bought an abandoned cotton plantation to establish a village for themselves and others who had been enslaved on sugar plantations until 1834 and then forced to work for another four years until 1838. The Guyana Heritage Society reprinted the book and others including The Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana by Robert Schomburgk, Centenary history and handbook of British Guiana by Albert R. F. Webber, and Story of Georgetown by James Rodway.

A. R. F. Webber
Albert Raymond Forbes Webber FRGS (1 January 1880 – 29 June 1932) was a Tobago-born Guyanese politician, author and newspaper editor.

He was author of Those That Be in Bondage: A Tale of Indian Indentures and Sunlit Western Waters (1917), a novel described as "a strange mixture of romantic sentimentality and protest against the treatment of East Indian indentured labourers on Guyanese plantations", and Centenary History and Handbook of British Guiana (1931).
MRNA guanylyltransferase
In enzymology, a mRNA guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.50) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GTP + (5')ppPur-mRNA  diphosphate + G(5')pppPur-mRNA

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GTP and (5')ppPur-mRNA, whereas its two products are diphosphate and G(5')pppPur-mRNA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).op The systematic name of this enzyme class is GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase. Other names in common use include mRNA capping enzyme, messenger RNA guanylyltransferase, and Protein 2.

Nucleotidyltransferase
Nucleotidyltransferases are transferase enzymes of phosphorus-containing groups, e.g., substituents of nucleotidylic acids or simply nucleoside monophosphates. The general reaction of transferring a nucleoside monophosphate moiety from A to B, can be written as:

A-P-N + B  A + B-P-N

For example, in the case of polymerases, A is pyrophosphate and B is the nascent polynucleotide.
They are classified under EC number 2.7.7 and they can be categorised into:

Uridylyltransferases, which transfer uridylyl- groups

Adenylyltransferases, which transfer adenylyl- groups

Guanylyltransferases, which transfer guanylyl- groups

Cytitidylyltransferases, which transfer cytidylyl- groups

Thymidylyltransferases, which transfer thymidylyl- groups
Five percent hurdle
The five percent hurdle (German: Fünf Prozent Hürde), also called the five percent clause, is the best known and most widely used electoral threshold for elections in Germany. Similar regulations exist in other countries with proportional representation.

Danish minority of Southern Schleswig
The Danish ethnic minority in Southern Schleswig, Germany, has existed by this name since 1920, when the Schleswig Plebiscite split German-ruled Schleswig into two parts: Northern Schleswig with a Danish majority and a German minority was united with Denmark, while Southern Schleswig remained a part of Germany and had a German majority and Danish and Frisian minority populations. Their historic roots go back to the beginning of Danish settlement after the emigration of the Angles. One of the most common names they use to describe themselves is danske sydslesvigere (English: Danish South Schleswigians; German: Dänische Südschleswiger).

Denmark has continued to support the minority financially. Danish schools and organizations have been run in Flensborg since 1920, and since 1926 throughout the greater region. Before the adoption of the democratic Weimar Constitution it was not allowed to teach in another language than German in school (apart from religious education lessons).
Cyrillization of Chinese
The cyrillization of Chinese is the transcription of Chinese characters into the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Palladius system is the official Russian standard for transcribing Mandarin Chinese into Russian, with variants existing for Ukrainian, Belarusian and the various languages of Russia. It was created by Palladius Kafarov, a Russian sinologist and monk who spent thirty years in China in the nineteenth century. Other languages that use the Cyrillic script have systems designed for their own language.

Wuwei, Gansu
Wuwei (Chinese: 武威; pinyin: Wǔwēi) is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.
Ernesto de Fiori
Ernesto de Fiori (12 December 1884 – 24 April 1945) was a German painter and sculptor of Italian and Austrian descent. A dazzling personality himself, he rose to fame as a society portraitist and a major protagonist of Berlin's vivid art scene during the Weimar Republic. One of the many artists defamed as "degenerate" by the Nazis in 1937, de Fiori emigrated to Brazil where he died in 1945.

Aristide Maillol
Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (French: [mɑjɔl]; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French Catalan sculptor, painter, and printmaker.

He began his career as a painter and developed an early interest in the decorative arts. He became primarily interested in sculpture from his early 40s. Maillol was one of the most famous sculptors of his time. His work inspired artists such as Picasso, Henri Matisse and Henry Moore.
Gangban
Gangban is a village in Benin, the seat of the Tohouè arrondissement located in the commune of Ouinhi in the Zou Department. Agriculture is the main industry lying in the fertile Ouémé River Valley of southern Benin.

Ouinhi
Ouinhi  [wi.ni] is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Zou Department of south-western Benin. The commune covers an area of 483 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 59,381 people.
It is bounded on the north-west by the commune of Zagnanado, south-west by the commune of Zogbodomey, south by the commune of Bonou and east by the commune of Adja-Ouèrè. The commune is divided into arrondissements which include Dasso, Ouinhi, and Tohu, comprising 28 villages.

The arrondissements of Ouinhi and Dasso were struck hard by the 2008 Benin floods in July 2008, tearing down mud and straw homes and infrastructure and polluting rivers.
Transport in Vietnam
Transportation in Vietnam is improving rapidly in terms of both quantity and quality. Road traffic is growing rapidly but the major roads are dangerous and slow to travel on due to outdated design and an inappropriate traffic mix. In recent years, the construction of expressways has accelerated. Air travel is also important for long-distance travel. The two major metropolises of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City operate metro networks which are currently being expanded. Like most of the other ASEAN member states, Vietnam has historically under invested in public transit.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Guy Lacroix
Guy Lacroix (1938 – August 27, 2014) was a Canadian politician who served as the Mayor of Gatineau from 1994 to 1999 and as a city councillor for the Montée-Paiement District from 1983 to 1987. He died on August 27, 2014, from complications with cancer.

Mayor of Gatineau
The mayor of Gatineau (French: maire de Gatineau) is head of the executive branch of the Gatineau City Council. The mayor is elected alongside the city council every four years on the first Sunday of November; there are no term limits. While in office, mayors are styled His/Her Worship (French: Son Honneur). The office of the mayor administers all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and enforces all city and provincial laws within Gatineau, Quebec.

Maude Marquis-Bissonnette has been the mayor of Gatineau since June 18, 2024, following her election in the 2024 by-election.
Landaluce Stakes
The Landaluce Stakes is a discontinued American Thoroughbred horse race which was held annually during the first part of July at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. Created at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California in 1945 but after that track closed in 2013 the event was transferred to Santa Anita. Open to two-year-old filles, it was last contested over a distance of 5 ½ furlongs on dirt.

Inaugurated as the Hollywood Lassie Stakes, it was renamed in 1983 to honor Landaluce, the 1982 race winner and that year's American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly who died from a virus on December 11, 1982. Landaluce set the time record as well as the record for the biggest winning margin, opening up by 21 lengths over the rest of the field going down the stretch.

In 2004, the Landaluce Stakes lost its Grade III status.

The final running of the Landaluce Stakes took place on July 2, 2017. Surrender Now won the race by eight lengths for owner Gary Hartunian's Rockingham Ranch.

Hollywood Park Racetrack
Hollywood Park was a thoroughbred race course located in Inglewood, California, about three miles (5 km) from Los Angeles International Airport and adjacent to the Forum indoor arena. In 1994, the original Hollywood Park Casino was added to the racetrack complex. Horse racing and training were shut down in December 2013 though the casino operations continued until the Hollywood Park Casino opened in October 2016.

The track was demolished in stages from 2014 until 2016 and the area is now the site of a master-planned neighborhood in development named Hollywood Park after the former track. The most prominent parts of the development are SoFi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), YouTube Theater, a 6,000-seat performance arts venue, Hollywood Park Casino, and the NFL Los Angeles building, which is home to the NFL Network, NFL RedZone, NFL.com, and the NFL app.
Synechodes exigua
Synechodes exigua is a moth in the family Brachodidae. It was described by Kallies in 2004. It is found in India (Assam).

The wingspan is 14–16 mm for males and 15 mm for females. The forewings are black with a transverse yellow stripe near the costa and large yellow spots near the anal margin and the base. The hindwings are black with a yellow subbasal band.

Brachodidae
Brachodidae is a family of day-flying moths, commonly known as little bear moths, which contains about 135 species distributed around much of the world (Edwards et al. 1999). The relationships and status of the presently included genera are not well understood.
Barrhaven
Barrhaven is a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located about 17 km (11 mi) southwest of the city's downtown core. Prior to amalgamation with Ottawa in 2001, Barrhaven was part of the City of Nepean. Its population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 103,234.

Stonebridge, Ottawa
Stonebridge is a golf course community in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, located in the Barrhaven West Ward. Its population as of the 2021 Canadian Census was 9,371. The community borders the Jock River to the north, Prince of Wales Drive to the east, Barnsdale Road to the south, and Greenbank Road to the west. Main through-roads include Greenbank, Longfields, and Cambrian.
Regensburg lecture
The Regensburg lecture or Regensburg address was delivered on 12 September 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI at the University of Regensburg in Germany, which sparked international reactions and controversy. The lecture entitled "Faith, Reason and the University – Memories and Reflections" (German: Glaube, Vernunft und Universität – Erinnerungen und Reflexionen).

Manuel II Palaiologos
Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουὴλ Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Manouḗl Palaiológos, pronounced [ma.nuˈil pa.le.oˈlo.ɣos]; 27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. Shortly before his death he was tonsured a monk and received the name Matthaios (Ματθαίος). Manuel was a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, which sometimes threatened to capture his territory outright. Accordingly he continued his father's practice of soliciting Western European aid against the Ottomans, and personally visited several foreign courts to plead his cause. These efforts failed, although an Ottoman civil war and Byzantine victories against Latin neighbors helped Manuel's government survive and slightly expand its influence. His wife Helena Dragaš saw to it that their sons, John VIII and Constantine XI, became emperors. He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on 21 July.
Cephalotes borgmeieri
Cephalotes borgmeieri is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Isoclinism of groups
In mathematics, specifically group theory, isoclinism is an equivalence relation on groups which generalizes isomorphism. Isoclinism was introduced by Hall (1940) to help classify and understand p-groups, although it is applicable to all groups.  Isoclinism also has  consequences for the Schur multiplier and the associated aspects of character theory, as described in Suzuki (1982, p. 256) and Conway et al. (1985, p. xxiii, Ch. 6.7). The word "isoclinism" comes from the Greek ισοκλινης meaning equal slope.

Some textbooks discussing isoclinism include Berkovich (2008, §29) and Blackburn, Neumann & Venkataraman (2007, §21.2) and Suzuki (1986, pp. 92–95).

Commutator subgroup
In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the commutator subgroup or derived subgroup of a group is the subgroup generated by all the commutators of the group.

The commutator subgroup is important because it is the smallest normal subgroup such that the quotient group of the original group by this subgroup is abelian. In other words,  is abelian if and only if  contains the commutator subgroup of . So in some sense it provides a measure of how far the group is from being abelian; the larger the commutator subgroup is, the "less abelian" the group is.