hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nineteenth-century theatre
A wide range of movements existed in the theatrical culture of Europe and the United States in the 19th century. In the West, they include Romanticism, melodrama, the well-made plays of Scribe and Sardou, the farces of Feydeau, the problem plays of Naturalism and Realism, Wagner's operatic Gesamtkunstwerk, Gilbert and Sullivan's plays and operas, Wilde's drawing-room comedies, Symbolism, and proto-Expressionism in the late works of August Strindberg and Henrik Ibsen.

Meiningen Ensemble
The Meiningen Ensemble, also known as the Meiningen Company, was a troupe of actors led by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, his wife Ellen Franz, and Ludwig Chronegk. The group operated from about 1860 to 1890. The Meininger company had great influence in the Western World as it developed theatrical realism, the creative and interpretive role of the director, and the use of ensemble acting.

Meiningen company productions used the approach of Gesamtkunstwerk, or "total work of art," which involves an expanded creative process that unifies disciplines, such as sets, lighting, acting, music, song, and dance, into a dynamic whole.

In 1874, the Meininger company appeared in Berlin. It performed at London's Drury Lane in Julius Caesar, Twelfth Night, and The Winter's Tale during 1881. The company toured widely until 1890, when Chronegk's health failed.

The company's methodology had a great influence on Ibsen, Antoine, and Stanislavski.
Divisibility rule
A divisibility rule is a shorthand and useful way of determining whether a given integer is divisible by a fixed divisor without performing the division, usually by examining its digits. Although there are divisibility tests for numbers in any radix, or base, and they are all different, this article presents rules and examples only for decimal, or base 10, numbers.  Martin Gardner explained and popularized these rules in his September 1962 "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American.

Remainder
In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation. In arithmetic, the remainder is the integer "left over" after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient (integer division). In algebra of polynomials, the remainder is the polynomial "left over" after dividing one polynomial by another. The modulo operation is the operation that produces such a remainder when given a dividend and divisor.

Alternatively, a remainder is also what is left after subtracting one number from another, although this is more precisely called the difference. This usage can be found in some elementary textbooks; colloquially it is replaced by the expression "the rest" as in "Give me two dollars back and keep the rest." However, the term "remainder" is still used in this sense when a function is approximated by a series expansion, where the error expression ("the rest") is referred to as the remainder term.
Jacques Dupont (politician)
Jacques Dupont (French pronunciation: [ʒak dypɔ̃]; 22 October 1929 – 9 November 2002) was Minister of State of Monaco from 1991 to 1994. He previously served as French ambassador to Israel from 1982 to 1986 and South Africa from 1988 to 1991.

Minister of State (Monaco)
The minister of state (French: Ministre d'État; Monégasque: Ministru de Statu) is the head of government of Monaco, appointed by and subordinate to the Prince of Monaco, following a proposal by the Government of France.

During their term of office, the officeholder is responsible for directing the work of the government and in charge of foreign relations. As the monarch's representative, the prime minister also presides (with voting powers) over the Council of Government, directs the executive services and commands the police and military.
WKB approximation
In mathematical physics, the WKB approximation or WKB method is a technique for finding approximate solutions to linear differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. It is typically used for a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics in which the wave function is recast as an exponential function, semiclassically expanded, and then either the amplitude or the phase is taken to be changing slowly.

The name is an initialism for Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin. It is also known as the LG or Liouville–Green method. Other often-used letter combinations include JWKB and WKBJ, where the "J" stands for Jeffreys.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Khulna Public College
Khulna Public College or KPC (Bengali: খুলনা পাবলিক কলেজ), formerly known as Sundarban Boys' Public School and College, is one of the three  (the other two are RUMC and DRMC, based in Dhaka) prestigious autonomous educational institutions nationwide, directly administered by the Ministry of Education, situated in Boyra, Khulna, Bangladesh. It offers education for 3rd through 12th grade. It is an educational institution only for boys. In 2015, KPC was named The Best Digital Educational Institution of Khulna zone.

Higher Secondary Certificate
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC), Higher Secondary School Certificate, Higher Secondary Education Certificate (HSEC) or Intermediate Examination is a secondary education qualification in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. It is equivalent to the final year of high school in the United States and A level in the United Kingdom.
Élisabeth Greffulhe
Countess Marie Anatole Louise Élisabeth Greffulhe (née de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay; 11 July 1860 – 21 August 1952) was a French socialite, known as a renowned beauty and queen of the salons of the Faubourg Saint-Germain in Paris.

Carolus-Duran
Charles Auguste Émile Durand, known as Carolus-Duran (4 July 1837 – 17 February 1917), was a French painter and art instructor. 
He is noted for his stylish depictions of members of high society in Third Republic France.
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Cantabria
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Cantabria, are organized by the Cantabrian Football Federation:

Regional Preferente (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Primera Regional (Level 7)

Segunda Regional (Level 8)

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol (Regional Football Divisions) are the Spanish football regional divisions. They are administered by the Autonomous football federations. The level immediately above (in the fifth tier) is the Tercera División RFEF. The autonomous regional divisions include:
VCell
VCell (Virtual Cell) is an open-source software platform for modeling and simulation of living organisms, primarily cells. It has been designed to be a tool for a wide range of scientists, from experimental cell biologists to theoretical biophysicists.

Cellular model
A cellular model or virtual cell is a computational model of aspects of a biological cell, for the purposes of in silico research.

Developing such models has been a task of systems biology and mathematical biology. It involves developing efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools to orchestrate the integration of large quantities of biological data with the goal of computer modeling. It involves the use of computer simulations of cellular subsystems, such as the networks of metabolites and enzymes which comprise metabolism, signal transduction pathways and gene regulatory networks.

Recent efforts to create virtual cell models have applied deep learning and generative AI to single-cell omics data.
Olek (artist)
Agata Oleksiak (born 5 April 1978), known as Olek, is a Polish artist who is based in New York City. Their works include sculptures, installations such as crocheted bicycles, inflatables, performance pieces, and fiber art. They have covered buildings, sculptures, people, and an apartment with crochet and have exhibited in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, Turkey, France, Italy, Poland, and Costa Rica.

Crochet
Crochet (English:  /kroʊˈʃeɪ/; French: [kʁɔʃɛ]) is a process of creating textiles by using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials. The name is derived from the French term crochet, which means 'hook'. Hooks can be made from different materials (aluminum, steel, metal, wood, bamboo, bone, etc.), sizes, and types (in-line, tapered, ergonomic, etc.). The key difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before the next one, while knitting keeps many stitches open at a time. Some variant forms of crochet however, such as Tunisian crochet and Broomstick lace, do keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.
Talladega Indians
The Talladega Indians (also known as the Tigers and Highlanders) were a Minor League Baseball team based in Talladega, Alabama, that played in the Georgia–Alabama League from 1913 to 1917 and 1928–1930. The team originated in Huntsville, Alabama where they were known as the Westerns and Mountaineers before moving midway through the 1912 season.

Talladega, Alabama
Talladega (/ˌtæləˈdɪɡə/, also /ˌtæləˈdeɪɡə/) is a city in and the county seat of Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1835. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,861. Talladega is approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of one of the state's largest cities, Birmingham.

The city is home to the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind, Talladega Municipal Airport, and Talladega College, a historically black college. The Talladega Superspeedway,  and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame are located nearby. The First National Bank of Talladega (now First Bank of Alabama) is the oldest bank in the State of Alabama, being founded in 1848.
Yeovil Junction railway station
Yeovil Junction is the busier, but less central, of two railway stations serving the town of Yeovil in Somerset, England; the other is Yeovil Pen Mill. The station is sited 2 miles (3.2 km) outside the town, in the village of Stoford; although Yeovil is in Somerset, the station was in Dorset until 1991. It is located 122 miles 48 chains (197.3 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

It was opened by the London and South Western Railway in 1860, on its London to Exeter line now known as the West of England Main Line. Today, it is managed by South Western Railway and is also the home of the Yeovil Railway Centre.

Railway platform
A railway platform is an area in a train station alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan hosts 44 platforms, more than any other rail station in the world. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.

Among some American train conductors, the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".
Athena Painter
The Athena Painter was an Attic black-figure vase painter, active about 490 to 460 BC. His speciality was white-ground lekythoi painted in the black-figure style.

His pseudonym, for his real name is unknown, refers to his preference for Athena in his choice of subjects. He was one of the last generation of black figure technique painters.

The Athena Painter, along with the Theseus Painter, continued the tradition of painting large standard lekythoi. His black-figure work was of high quality. Apart from lekythoi, he mainly painted oinochai. Some archaeologists identify him with the red-figure Bowdoin Painter. They may, however, simply have worked in the same workshop. His workshop was one of the production centres that developed the painting of white-ground lekythoi, which was to become especially important in the 5th century BC.

John Boardman (art historian)
Sir John Boardman, OBE FBA (/ˈbɔːrdmən/; 20 August 1927 – 23 May 2024) was a British classical archaeologist and art historian of ancient Greek art. Educated at Chigwell School in Essex and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, Boardman worked as assistant director of the British School at Athens between 1952 and 1955 before taking up a position as an assistant keeper at the Ashmolean Museum, part of the University of Oxford. He succeeded John Beazley as Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at the university in 1978, remaining in post until his retirement in 1994.

Boardman's academic work focused on the art and archaeology of ancient Greece, with a particular focus on Greek colonisation, jewellery and vase-painting. He was made a Fellow of the British Academy, which awarded him its Kenyon Medal in 1995. He was also awarded the Onassis Prize for Humanities in 2009.
Outline of the Netherlands Antilles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Netherlands Antilles:

Netherlands Antilles – former autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire, in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, in the Leeward Islands southeast of the Virgin Islands. Aruba seceded in 1986 as a separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the rest of the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent countries, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, with the other islands joining the Netherlands as special municipalities.

Communications in the Dutch Caribbean
There are communications (including transport) in the Dutch Caribbean.

The Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is made of 6 islands: the dependent countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, and the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. From 1954 to 2010, it constituted the dependent country of the Netherlands Antilles, from which Aruba split in 1986.
Guy I, Count of Ligny
Guy I of Luxembourg-Ligny (1340 – 23 August 1371) was Count of Saint-Pol (1360–1371) and Count of Ligny, Lord of Roussy and Beauvoir (1364–1371).

He was the son of John I and Alix of Dampierre, dame de Richebourg.

Guy participated in the Battle of Baesweiler (present-day Germany), a conflict between his relative Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg, husband of the Duchess of Brabant on the one side, and William II, Duke of Jülich and Edward, Duke of Guelders on the other side. Guy was killed during the battle.

Counts of Ligny
The Lords of Ligny, later Counts of Ligny, ruled the fief of Ligny-en-Barrois during the Middle Ages. In 1240, the seigniory of Ligny-en-Barrois was given by Henry II of Bar as the dowry of his daughter Marguerite, who married Henry V of Luxemburg (Henry I of Ligny). Henry bestowed it upon his younger son Waleran in 1281, who was killed at the Battle of Worringen in 1288. In 1364, it was elevated to a county by Guy I, and remained in the Luxembourg family and their descendants (with an interruption 1476–1510) until 1719, when it was sold to the Duke of Lorraine by Charles-Francis.
Volume 10: I Heart Disco
The tenth The Desert Sessions LP, titled Volume 10: I Heart Disco (I Love Disco), was released in 2003, packaged along with Volume 9: I See You Hearin' Me in a gatefold 10" album format. "In My Head...Or Something" later appeared on the Queens of the Stone Age album Lullabies to Paralyze under the title "In My Head". It was his last volume until 2019's Volume 11: Arrivederci Despair.

Vols. 11 & 12
Vols. 11 & 12 is the sixth compilation album by the desert rock supergroup Desert Sessions, a side project of Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme. It is a compilation of the group's eleventh release, titled Arrivederci Despair and their twelfth release, titled Tightwads & Nitwits & Critics & Heels. It was released in October 2019, the group's first release after a 16-year hiatus. The album features contributions by various rock artists including Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top, Stella Mozgawa of Warpaint, Jake Shears of Scissor Sisters, Mike Kerr of Royal Blood, Carla Azar of Autolux, Les Claypool of Primus, Matt Sweeney, Dave Catching, Matt Berry, and Libby Grace.
Murad Memon Goth
Murad Memon Goth, Memon Goth or Murad Memon (Urdu: مراد میمن گوٹھ) is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Malir District of Karachi, Pakistan, that was a part of Gadap Town until 2011. The estimated population of Memon Goth in 2019 was 75,000.

Memon Goth has the highest number of educational institutions around Gadap Town. The neighborhoods are: Abdul Karim Muhalla, Umeed Ali Muhalla, Maheshwari Muhallah, Brohi Muhallah, Haji Ahmed Muhallah, Jamot Muhallah, Bachal Bagh, Hashim Khaskheli Goth UC Murad Memon, Jam Goth UC Murad Memon, Somar Kandani UC Murad Memon, Mola Essa UC Murad Memon, Nimat Village Brohi Muhallah. The neighbourhood is located in agricultural lands of Gadap Town.

Gadap Town
Gadap Town (Urdu: گڈاپ ٹاؤن ) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) and a constituent Town of Malir District in the northwestern part of Karachi with the Hub River on its western limits also forming the provincial border between Sindh and Balochistan, while to the north and east are Jamshoro District and the Kirthar Mountains.
Botanical Museum Greifswald
The Botanical Museum Greifswald (German: Botanisches Museum Greifswald) is a scientific collection at the department of botany of the University of Greifswald. It was founded around 1850 by Julius Münter and is the largest botanical collection in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

University of Greifswald
The University of Greifswald (German: [ˈɡʁaɪfsvalt]; German: Universität Greifswald), formerly known as Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Founded in 1456, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, with generations of notable alumni and staff having studied or worked in Greifswald. As the fourth oldest university in present Germany, it was temporarily also the oldest university of the Kingdoms of Sweden (1648–1815) and Prussia (1815–1945), respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the 10,179 students are from outside the state, including international students from 90 countries all over the world.
Apodasmia (plant)
Apodasmia is a group of plants in the Restionaceae described as a genus in 1998. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, and Chile.

Species

Apodasmia brownii (Hook.f.) B.G.Briggs & L.A.S.Johnson - SA, Tas, Vic

Apodasmia chilensis (Gay) B.G.Briggs & L.A.S.Johnson - southern Chile

Apodasmia similis (Edgar) B.G.Briggs & L.A.S.Johnson - New Zealand (North + South + Chatham Is)

Apodasmia chilensis
Apodasmia chilensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Restionaceae. It is endemic to southern Chile and it is the only species in the Restionaceae native to the Americas alongside Gaimardia australis.
State paper
A state paper is a document or file kept by a government to record discussions, options and decisions by government officials, departments and civil servants. Some states follow a thirty year rule whereby state papers on an issue may be released to academic scrutiny thirty years after an original discussion or decision.

State papers are often kept in a country's National Archives, State Paper Office or Public Record Office. All files are numbered using an alphanumeric code which academics may use as a reference in footnotes of books.

Some state papers are embargoed for reasons of national security or other sensitive reasons.

Thirty-year rule
The thirty-year rule (an informal term) is a rule in the laws of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the Commonwealth of Australia that provide that certain government documents will be released publicly thirty years after they were created.

Some other countries' national archives also adhere to a thirty-year rule for the release of government documents.
1991 Dublin County Council election in Fingal
An election to the electoral county of Fingal within Dublin County to Dublin County Council took place on 27 June 1991 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 24 councillors were elected for a five-year term of office from six local electoral areas (LEAs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). It was one of three electoral counties within Dublin County at this election, the others being Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown and South Dublin. The term was extended twice, first to 1998, then to 1999.

The electoral county had been established in 1985 as Dublin–Fingal and was renamed Fingal for these local elections.

From 1 January 1994, on the coming into effect of the Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993, County Dublin was disestablished as an administrative county, and in its place the electoral counties became three new counties. The councillors listed below became the councillors for Fingal County Council from that date.

1991 Irish local elections
The 1991 Irish local elections were held in all administrative counties and county boroughs, the top tier of local government areas in Ireland, on Thursday, 27 June 1991.

The elections were postponed from June 1990. This allowed for the enactment of the Local Government Act 1991 prior to the vote. They were the first local elections contested by the Progressive Democrats, which had been founded in December 1985, and the first since Sinn Féin registered as a political party in December 1986.

There was a second tier of boroughs, urban districts and towns with boards of commissioners. Elections in non-county boroughs and towns were postponed until 1994.
Glenside, New Zealand
Glenside is a suburb of Wellington, New Zealand. It is bounded by Tawa to the North, Churton Park to the West/South and Grenada across the motorway to the East.

Glenside was first settled in 1840.  Ngāti Toa are the mana whenua.  The area was known as "The Halfway" from 1840 until 1928.

Churton Park
Churton Park is a suburb 1.5 km north of Johnsonville in Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. It was established in the 1970s.

The suburb includes Churton Park Reserve which includes a recreational sports field, two primary schools and a kindergarten. The Churton Park Community Centre, which is managed and staffed by Wellington City Council, is also located in the Village.