hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inclusive composite interval mapping
In statistical genetics, inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) has been proposed as an approach to QTL (quantitative trait locus) mapping for populations derived from bi-parental crosses. QTL mapping is based on genetic linkage map and phenotypic data to attempt to locate individual genetic factors on chromosomes and to estimate their genetic effects.

Statistical genetics
Statistical genetics is a scientific field concerned with the development and application of statistical methods for drawing inferences from genetic data. The term is most commonly used in the context of human genetics. Research in statistical genetics generally involves developing theory or methodology to support research in one of three related areas:

population genetics - Study of evolutionary processes affecting genetic variation between organisms

genetic epidemiology - Studying effects of genes on diseases

quantitative genetics - Studying the effects of genes on 'normal' phenotypes

Statistical geneticists tend to collaborate closely with geneticists, molecular biologists, clinicians and bioinformaticians. Statistical genetics is a type of computational biology.
George Partridge Colvocoresses
George Partridge Colvocoresses (April 3, 1847 – September 10, 1932) was a United States Navy rear admiral. He was the son of Captain George Musalas Colvocoresses, the adopted son of Captain Alden Partridge, founder of Norwich University in Vermont and Eliza Freelon Halsey. George Partridge was a graduate of the Norwich University (Class of 1866) and the United States Naval Academy (Class of 1869) and led a distinguished naval career.

Alden Partridge
Alden Partridge (February 12, 1785 – January 17, 1854) was an American author, legislator, officer, surveyor, an early superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and a controversial pioneer in U.S. military education, emphasizing physical fitness training, advocating the concept of citizen soldier and establishing a series of private military academies throughout the country, including Norwich University.
Mitsuaki Watanabe
Mitsuaki Watanabe (渡邊光昭, Watanabe Mitsuaki) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He won the bronze medal on horizontal bars at the 1985 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Montreal, placing behind Tong Fei and Sylvio Kroll. This was his second World Championship medal after being on the bronze medal-winning Japanese team in the 1983 Budapest World Championships.

Tong Fei
Tong Fei (Chinese: 童非; born 25 March 1961) is a Chinese retired gymnast. He competed at 1984 Olympic Games, and won a silver medal in men's horizontal bar (score: 19.975). He also helped Chinese men's gymnastics team to win a silver medal in team competition.
Txorierri
Txorierri is a valley of Biscay, Basque Country, separated from Bilbao by low mountains Monte Artxanda and Monte Abril. It includes the municipalities of Erandio, Loiu, Sondika, Derio, Zamudio, Lezama and Larrabetzu. It holds the international airport of Bilbao. It includes industrial and residential areas.

Sondika
Sondika (Spanish, Sondica) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

Situated directly south of the runway of Bilbao Airport, it is the location of Bilbao British Cemetery, containing a Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery with 58 casualties (not to be confused with a far larger municipal cemetery in neighbouring Derio).
Explore Group
Explore Group Limited is a ferry and tourism company located in New Zealand and Australia. The company operates in the Bay of Islands, Whitsunday Islands, Hauraki Gulf and Waitematā Harbour. Explore operates sailing experiences on former Americas Cup Yachts, excursions and public transport ferry services for Auckland Transport.

Whitsunday Islands
The Whitsunday Islands are 74 continental islands of various sizes off the central coast of Queensland, Australia, 900 kilometres (560 miles) north of Brisbane. They were the traditional homelands of Ngaro and Gia (Juru) people, an Aboriginal Australian group, also called 'canoe people'.
Quercus gemelliflora
Quercus gemelliflora is a tree species in the beech family Fagaceae. there are no known subspecies. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis (the ring-cupped oaks).

It has been recorded from Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam (where it may be called sồi song sanh). The tree, grows from 15 to 30 m tall.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême (6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844) was the elder son of Charles X of France and the last Dauphin of France from 1824 to 1830.

He was a petit-fils de France at birth, and was initially known as Louis Antoine d'Artois. After his father's accession to the throne, he became Dauphin de France, and his surname changed to de France, following the royal custom for princes with such rank.

Fils de France
Fils de France (French pronunciation: [fis də fʁɑ̃s], Son of France) was the style and rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France. A daughter was known as a fille de France (French pronunciation: [fij də fʁɑ̃s], Daughter of France).

The children of the dauphin (a title reserved for the king's heir apparent, whether son, grandson or great-grandson of the monarch) were accorded the same style and status as if they were the king's children instead of his grandchildren or great-grandchildren.
Aviation in Wisconsin
Aviation in Wisconsin refers to the aviation industry of the American Midwestern state of Wisconsin.

Wisconsin's first aeronautical event was a flight of a Curtiss aircraft by Arthur Pratt Warner on November 2, 1909, in Beloit.

Experimental Aircraft Association
The Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) is an international organization of aviation enthusiasts based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.  Since its inception, it has grown internationally with over 300,000 members and nearly 1,000 chapters worldwide. It hosts the largest aviation gathering of its kind in the world, EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.
King's School, Hove
King's School, Hove is an 11-19 free school of Christian designation.  It is an ecumenical school, although it is not a CofE School, it has roots with the Church of England.

The school was originally established on a temporary site in Portslade. In September 2019 the school moved to its permanent site in Hangleton. In early 2020, it was severely damaged by Storm Ciara leading to the temporary closure of the school.

Currently it also serves families in the BN3 postcode area. It opened in September 2013 with its first cohort of Year 7 students. The first headteacher was Mr Steve Flavin. The present headteacher is Mrs Sarah Price.

King's School was established by the Russell Education Trust, working with local parents. The school has moved to a purpose-built site in Hangleton which has 3 floors, a multi-usage sports area, and a sixth form centre set to be open by 2023.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Roxanne Swentzell
Roxanne Swentzell (born December 9, 1962) is a Santa Clara Tewa Native American sculptor, ceramic artist, Indigenous food activist, and gallerist. Her artworks are in major public collections and she has won numerous awards.

Swentzell's work addresses personal and social commentary, reflecting respect for family, cultural heritage, and for the Earth. Her sculptural work has been exhibited at the White House as well as in international museums and galleries. She has been commissioned to create permanent installations at the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, the Museum of Wellington, New Zealand, and other venues, including the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.

National Museum of the American Indian
The National Museum of the American Indian is a museum in the United States devoted to the culture of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution group of museums and research centers.

The museum has three facilities. The National Museum of the American Indian on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., opened on September 21, 2004, on Fourth Street and Independence Avenue, Southwest. The George Gustav Heye Center, a permanent museum, is located at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House in New York City, opened in October 1994. The Cultural Resources Center, a research and collections facility, is located in Suitland, Maryland.  The foundations for the present collections were first assembled in the former Museum of the American Indian in New York City, which was established in 1916, and which became part of the Smithsonian in 1989.
Satchelliella
Satchelliella is a genus of flies belonging to the family Psychodidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

Satchelliella ariegica (Vaillant, 1963)

Satchelliella arvernica Vaillant, 1979

Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae).

There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance.
Comrade Tambo's London Recruits
Comrade Tambo's London Recruits, also known as simply London Recruits, is a 2024 Drama Documentary Thriller South African/Welsh co-production, written and directed by Welsh director/producer, Gordon Main. It is inspired by the true story of how the ANC recruited volunteers in Britain in the 1960s and 70s, at the height of apartheid, to travel to South Africa for undercover missions. The film features interviews with surviving recruits, ANC Comrades and South African security forces, interspersed with archive footage and dramatic reenactments.

Ronnie Kasrils
Ronald Kasrils (born 15 November 1938) is a South African politician, former guerrilla and military commander. He served in a number of ministerial posts, including the as Minister for Intelligence Services from 2004 to 2008. He was a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1987 to 2007 as well as a member of the Central Committee of the South African Communist Party (SACP) from December 1986 to 2007.
Adya Rangacharya
Adya Rangacharya (26 September 1904 – 17 October 1984), known as R.V. Jagirdar till 1948, later popularly known by his pen name Sriranga, was an Indian Kannada writer, actor and scholar, and a member of the Adya Jahagirdar family. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1967 and the Sahitya Akademi Award for literature in 1971 for Kalidasa, a literary criticism in Kannada.

Rangacharya has been honoured with the Padma Bhushan third highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the literature and education in 1972 by the Government of India.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
The Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, also known as Akademi Ratna Sadasyata, is an Indian honour for the performing arts presented by Sangeet Natak Akademi. It is "the most prestigious and rare honour" conferred by the Akademi and is "restricted to 40 individuals at any given time".
Middle Korean
Middle Korean is the period in the history of the Korean language succeeding Old Korean and yielding to Early Modern Korean in the late 16th century.
The boundary between the Old and Middle periods is traditionally identified with the establishment of Goryeo in 918 and the associated transition of the prestige dialect from the Southeast to the center of the peninsula, but some scholars have argued for the Mongol invasions of Korea in the mid-13th century. Middle Korean is divided into Early and Late periods corresponding to Goryeo (until 1392) and Joseon respectively.

It is difficult to extract linguistic information from texts of the Early period, which are written with Chinese characters (called Hanja in Korean). The situation was transformed in 1446 by the introduction of the Hangul alphabet, so that Late Middle Korean provides the pivotal data for the history of Korean.

Sino-Korean vocabulary
Sino-Korean vocabulary or Hanjaeo (Korean: 한자어; Hanja: 漢字語) refers to Korean words of Chinese origin. Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created from Chinese characters, and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height of Chinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or altered for the Korean language.

Estimates of the percentage of Sino-Korean ranges from as low as 30% to as high as 70%. According to the Standard Korean Language Dictionary published by the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL), Sino-Korean represents approximately 57% of the Korean vocabulary.
Sinixt dialect
Sinixt (snsəlxcín) is one of multiple distinct dialects of the Colville-Okanagan language. It is part of the Southern Interior Salish sub-grouping of the Salishan Language family. Traditionally spoken among the Sinixt People of the southern Interior Plateau region and based primarily in the Columbia River Basin, it is closely related to other Interior Salish languages and dialects. As of 2022, it had around 30 first-language speakers.

Six of the twelve tribes which make up the Colville Confederated Tribes speak Sinixt:

the suknaqínx (Okanagan/Sylix)

sn̓ʕay̓ckstx (Sinixt/Arrow Lakes)

mətxʷu (Methow)

nspil̓m̓ (Nespelem)

sn̓pʕaw̓ilx (Sanpoil)

sx̌ʷy̓iłpx (Colville).

Syilx
The Syilx (Salishan pronunciation: [sjilx]) people, also known as the Okanagan, Suknaqinx, or Okinagan people, are a First Nations and Native American people whose traditional territory spans the Canada–US boundary in Washington state and unceded British Columbia in the Okanagan Country region. They are part of the Interior Salish ethnological and linguistic grouping.  The Okanagan are closely related to the Spokan, Sinixt, Nez Perce, Pend Oreille, Secwepemc and Nlaka'pamux peoples of the same Northwest Plateau region.
1990 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1990 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Aix-les-Bains, France, at the Hippodrome de Marlioz on March 25, 1990.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for senior men, junior men, senior women, junior women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup football tournament was the seventh FIFA Confederations Cup. It was held in Germany between 15 June and 29 June 2005, as a prelude to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The tournament was won by 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América winners Brazil, who defeated Argentina 4–1 in the final at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt. The final was a rematch of the 2004 Copa América final, which was also won by Brazil. It was Brazil's second win at the Confederations Cup. After winning the 2005 tournament, the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América, Brazil became the first country to be the reigning World Cup champions, Confederations Cup champions, and continental champions twice, having previously achieved this feat in 1997 when they won the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1997 Copa América, and 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup.

2004 Copa América
The 2004 Copa América was the 41st edition of the Copa América, the South-American championship for international association football teams. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body, and was held in Peru, who hosted the tournament for the sixth time, from 6 to 25 July.

The tournament was won by Brazil in a shootout over Argentina. This made Brazil hold the World Cup and Copa América titles simultaneously for the second time in history, as happened after 1997 Copa América.

There is no qualifying tournament for the final tournament. CONMEBOL's 10 South American countries participated, along with two more invited countries, making a total of twelve teams competing in the tournament. The two invited countries for this edition of the Copa América were Mexico and Costa Rica.
Paranogmius
Paranogmius is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Cenomanian. It is known from only 2 partial skulls and several dorsal vertebrae discovered in the Bahariya Formation that was destroyed during World War II. Since then, no more fossils have been discovered. It may have been up to 3 meters (10 feet) long.

Bahariya Formation
The Bahariya Formation (also transcribed as Baharija Formation) is a fossiliferous geologic formation dating back to the early Cenomanian, which outcrops within the Bahariya depression in Egypt, and is known from oil exploration drilling across much of the Western Desert where it forms an important oil reservoir.
Tucker's lemma
In mathematics, Tucker's lemma is a combinatorial analog of the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, named after Albert W. Tucker.

Let T be a triangulation of the closed n-dimensional ball . Assume T is antipodally symmetric on the boundary sphere . That means that the subset of simplices of T which are in  provides a triangulation of  where if σ is a simplex then so is −σ.
Let  be a labeling of the vertices of T which is an odd function on , i.e.,  for every vertex .
Then Tucker's lemma states that T contains a complementary edge - an edge (a 1-simplex) whose vertices are labelled by the same number but with opposite signs.

Triangulation (topology)
In mathematics, triangulation describes the replacement of topological spaces with simplicial complexes by the choice of an appropriate homeomorphism. A space that admits such a homeomorphism is called a triangulable space. Triangulations can also be used to define a piecewise linear structure for a space, if one exists. Triangulation has various applications both in and outside of mathematics, for instance in algebraic topology, in complex analysis, and in modeling.
Kalambo River
The Kalambo River forms part of the border between Zambia and Tanzania. It is a comparatively small stream which rises on the Ufipa Plateau in Rukwa Region,Tanzania north-east of Mbala at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and descends into the Albertine Rift, entering the southeastern end of Lake Tanganyika at an elevation of about 770 metres (2,530 ft), in a straight-line distance of only about 50 kilometres (31 mi). This accounts for its main claim to fame, its waterfall, Kalambo Falls, which is Africa's second highest falls (after South Africa's Tugela Falls). Below the falls, the river runs in a deep gorge.

The site of the river includes important archaeological sites.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
Three Huan
The Three Huan (Chinese: 三桓; pinyin: Sān Huán) refers to three Chinese aristocratic clans, all descendants of Duke Huan of Lu, in the State of Lu, which dominated the government affairs, displacing the power of the dukes, for nearly three centuries during the Spring and Autumn period. They are the Jisun (季孫) or Ji, Mengsun (孟孫) or Meng, and Shusun (叔孫) clans.

Duke Zhuang of Lu
Duke Zhuang of Lu (Chinese: 魯莊公; pinyin: Lǔ Zhuāng Gōng; 7 October 706 BC – 11 August 662 BC), personal name Ji Tong (姬同), was a duke of the Lu state during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.
Machine Man
Machine Man (also known as Aaron Stack, Mister Machine and serial number Z2P45-9-X-51 or X-51 for short) is an android superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Jack Kirby for 2001: A Space Odyssey #8 (July 1977), a comic written and drawn by Kirby featuring concepts based on the eponymous 1968 Stanley Kubrick feature film and Arthur C. Clarke's 1968 novel. Shortly thereafter, Machine Man spun off into his own Kirby-created series. He is a robot, the only survivor of a series, raised as a human son of scientist Abel Stack, who was killed removing his auto-destruct mechanism, and further evolved to sentience by a Monolith.

2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)
2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction novel by English writer Arthur C. Clarke. It was developed concurrently with Stanley Kubrick's film version and published after the release of the film. Clarke and Kubrick worked on the book together, but eventually only Clarke ended up as the official author. The story is based in part on various short stories by Clarke, including "The Sentinel" (written in 1948 for a BBC competition, but first published in 1951 under the title "Sentinel of Eternity"). By 1992, the novel had sold three million copies worldwide. An elaboration of Clarke and Kubrick's collaborative work on this project was made in the 1972 book The Lost Worlds of 2001.

The first part of the novel, in which aliens influence the primitive ancestors of humans, is similar to the plot of Clarke's 1953 short story "Encounter in the Dawn".