hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PUK insurgency
The PUK insurgency was a low-level rebellion of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) against Baathist Iraq from 1975 to 1979, following the defeat of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War, which forced that organization to declare a ceasefire and move into exile in Iran. Due to lack of foreign support, the PUK guerrillas were only able to operate in the most remote parts of the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. During this period, the PUK plunged into a political crisis with the KDP, which led to heavy intra-Kurdish warfare, climaxing in 1977. After the insurgency, the PUK entered into an alliance with Iranian forces during the Iran–Iraq War, and were backed by Iran in the Kurdish rebellion of 1983.

Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae (14 March 1821 – 15 August 1885) was a Danish archaeologist, historian and politician, who was the second director of the National Museum of Denmark (1865–1874).  He played a key role in the foundation of scientific archaeology. Worsaae was the first to excavate and use stratigraphy to prove C. J. Thomsen's sequence of the Three-age system: Stone, Bronze, Iron. He was also a pioneer in the development of paleobotany through his excavation work in the peat bogs of Jutland. Worsaae served as Kultus Minister of Denmark (the cultural and education minister) for Christen Andreas Fonnesbech from 1874 to 1875.

Kultus Minister (Denmark)
The Kultus Minister of Denmark (Danish: Kultusminister) was a Danish minister office. The responsibilities of the minister was the church, culture and education. The word kultus comes from cultus, Latin for adoration from which the words culture and cult are derived.

In 1916, the office was split up into an Education Minister and a Church Minister. The new Church Minister had responsibility for culture, a task transferred to the Minister for Cultural Affairs in 1961.
Hemdat Yamim
Hemdat Yamim is a book dealing with Jewish customs and laws (particularly of Jewish holidays), including many musar exhortations. It is based on kabbalah in general, and the kabbalah of the Ari in particular.

The book was first published by Israel Yaakov Algazi in İzmir in about 1731. The question of the authorship and nature of the book - whether early or late, whether or not the author was a Sabbatean - were once in dispute, and as a result also the attitude towards customs recorded in the book.

Nathan of Gaza
Nathan Benjamin ben Elisha Hayyim haLevi Ashkenazi (Hebrew: נתן בנימין בן אלישע חיים הלוי אשכנזי, romanized: Nāṯān Bīnyāmīn bēn ʾĔlîšāʿ Ḥayyīm hā-Levī ʾAškənazī‎), more famously known as Nathan of Gaza (Hebrew: נתן העזתי, romanized: Nāṯān hā-ʿAzzāṯī‎; 1643–1680), or Ghazzati, was a theologian and author born in Jerusalem. After his marriage in 1663 he moved to Gaza, where he became famous as a prophet for the Jewish messiah claimant Sabbatai Zevi.
Church of St Hilda, Ellerburn
The Church of St Hilda, Ellerburn, is an Anglican church in North Yorkshire, England. The church is located in the hamlet of Ellerburn, to the north of Thornton-le-Dale, and is an ancient structure that dates back to Saxon times and has been renovated twice, extensively in 1904. It was briefly famous in 2004 and 2011 for having to be being closed due to bats nesting in the roof.

Ellerburn
Ellerburn  is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England, situated near Thornton-le-Dale, about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Pickering. It is located in the North York Moors National Park.

It was part of the Ryedale district between 1974 and 2023. It is now administered by North Yorkshire Council.
Jan Latham-Koenig
Jan Betrand Latham-Koenig, (born December 1953) is a British conductor and convicted sex offender.
He conducted all of the BBC ensembles, the London Philharmonic Orchestra and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He was appointed an OBE for services to Russian-United Kingdom cultural relations and music in 2020. Latham-Koenig founded the Koenig Ensemble in 1976 and studied at the Royal College of Music.

Latham-Koenig was arrested and charged with three child sex offences in January 2024 and pleaded guilty to two of them, eventually receiving a suspended prison sentence in May 2024.

In August 2025 Latham-Koenig was stripped of his OBE due to his conviction.

Novaya Opera Theatre
The Kolobov Novaya Opera Theatre of Moscow (Russian: Новая Опера) (novaya means "new") is a theatre in Moscow, located at 3 Karetny Ryad. It was founded in 1991 by Russian conductor Yevgeny Kolobov and then Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov.  It is accessible via metro from Pushkinskaya, Tverskaya or Mayakovskaya.

The theatre has been a member of the Opera Europa International Association, since 1999.
Medina, Misamis Oriental
Medina, officially the Municipality of Medina (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Medina; Tagalog: Bayan ng Medina), is a municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 35,612 people.

The town got its name from Medina-Sidonia, Spain, after the Spaniards noticed the similarities of the features of the place with the ones in Medina-Sidonia.

Medina-Sidonia
Medina Sidonia is a city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. Considered by some to be the oldest city in Europe, it is used as a military defence location because of its elevation.

Medina-Sidonia, one of Spain's most important ducal seats in the 15th century, produced an admiral, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, who led the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. The title of Duque de Medina Sidonia was bestowed upon the family of Guzmán El Bueno for his valiant role in taking the town. The line continues and was led until March 2008 by the controversial socialist Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia (born 1936).
John Banks (New Zealand politician)
John Archibald Banks CNZM QSO JP (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand former politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned.

In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven former smaller councils were combined into one to run the Auckland 'supercity' in 2010, Banks unsuccessfully ran for mayor again. The electoral return that he filed after that campaign, detailing donations received and campaign expenses, was the subject of Banks' conviction and eventual acquittal. After new evidence came to light, it was decided in May 2015 that there would be no retrial.

Mayor of Auckland City
The Mayor of Auckland City was the directly elected head of the Auckland City Council, the municipal government of Auckland City, New Zealand. The office existed from 1871 to 2010, when the Auckland City Council and mayoralty was abolished and replaced with the Auckland Council and the Mayor of Auckland.
KV29
Tomb KV29 is an ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings, in the Theban Necropolis of Egypt. It is located near the mid-Eighteenth Dynasty tombs of Tiaa (KV32), Merytre-Hatshepsut (KV42), and Thutmose III (KV34). The tomb was known since the 1830s and given the number KV29 in 1899 but no records of an earlier excavation exist. The entrance shaft was previously planned by the Theban Mapping Project in the 1990s. The tomb was first excavated by the University of Basel King's Valley Project in 2011. Excavation continued in 2016 but the rest of the tomb is filled with debris and its layout is unknown.

KV34
Tomb KV34 (Arabic: مقبرة تحتمس الثالث, romanized: Maqbarat Tahtamis al-Thaalithi) in the Valley of the Kings (near the modern-day Egyptian city of Luxor) was the tomb of 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III. The tomb was plundered in antiquity and its location lost.
Bregare Point
Bregare Point (Bulgarian: нос Брегаре, ‘Nos Bregare’ \'nos bre-'ga-re\) is the point projecting 2 km into Crates Bay on the northeast coast of Stresher Peninsula on Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is named after the settlement of Bregare in Northern Bulgaria.

Graham Coast
Graham Coast is the portion of the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctic Peninsula, extending 172 km between Cape Bellue to the southwest and Cape Renard to the northeast.

The coast is named after Sir James Graham, First Lord of the Admiralty during the early exploration of the area by John Biscoe.
Infighting in the Sinaloa Cartel
The Sinaloa War is an ongoing internal armed conflict within the Sinaloa Cartel, centered in northwestern Mexico. The conflict began on 9 September 2024, following the transfer of Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada to United States authorities by members of the Chapitos faction. The event triggered a formal schism within the cartel and escalated into a multi-front war between the MZ/MF faction and Los Chapitos, later drawing in external cartels and regional groups.

Huajicori
Huajicori (Spanish: [waxiˈkoɾi]) is both a municipality and the municipal seat of the same in the Mexican state of Nayarit, being the northernmost municipality in Nayarit.  The population of the municipality was 10,294 in 2000 in a total area of 2,603.5 km2.  Its area makes up almost 10% of the state.  The population of the town was 2,201 (2005).

Huajicori is located 180 km north of the state capital Tepic, 125 km north of Santiago Ixcuintla, and 19 km northwest of Acaponeta.
Pyeongtaek Citizen FC
Pyeongtaek Citizen Football Club (Korean: 평택 시티즌 FC) is a semi-professional South Korean football club based in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do. The club was founded in 2017 and plays in the K4 League, the fourth tier of football in South Korea.

Football in South Korea
Football in South Korea is run by the Korea Football Association. The association administers the national football team as well as the K League. Football is the most popular sport in South Korea. Approximately 67% of the people in South Korea are interested in football.
Fauna of the Faroe Islands
The fauna of the Faroe Islands is characterized by the remote location of the islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. There are few terrestrial species, but an abundance of breeding seabirds and marine animals. Some subspecies and breeds are endemic. All land mammals were introduced by humans.

Mountain hare
The mountain hare or arctic hare (Lepus timidus), also known as blue hare, tundra hare, variable hare, white hare, snow hare, alpine hare, and Irish hare, is a species of Palearctic hare that is largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats.
Antonio Menchaca
José Antonio Menchaca (1797-01 November 1879) was an American soldier and politician who fought in the Texas Revolution and was recognized by a Joint Resolution of the Republic of Texas on December 22, 1838. Following the war, Menchaca served on the city council of San Antonio, Texas. He later commanded militia troops and helped defend the town from a Mexican invasion by General Adrian Woll in 1842.

Edward Burleson
Edward Murray Burleson (December 15, 1798 – December 26, 1851) was the third vice president of the Republic of Texas. After Texas was annexed to the United States, he served in the State Senate. Prior to his government service in Texas, he was a commander of Texian Army forces during the Texas Revolution. Before moving to Texas, he served in militias in Alabama, Missouri, and Tennessee, and fought in the War of 1812. Burleson was the soldier who was given Santa Anna's sword when he surrendered. He died in Austin Texas in December 1851.
Harzungen
Harzungen (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʁtsʊŋən]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany. Since July 2018, it is part of the municipality Harztor.

During World War II a concentration camp with 4000 inmates was built in this city.
It was a subcamp of Mittelbau-Dora, which was itself a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Nordhausen (district)
Nordhausen is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Harz and Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt; Kyffhäuserkreis and Eichsfeld in Thuringia; and Göttingen and Goslar in Lower Saxony.
Altofonte
Altofonte (Sicilian: Parcu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Italian region Sicily, located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Palermo.

Altofonte borders the following municipalities: Belmonte Mezzagno, Monreale, Palermo, Piana degli Albanesi, San Giuseppe Jato.

Monreale
Monreale (/ˌmɒnriˈæl/; Italian pronunciation: [monreˈaːle]; Sicilian: Murriali) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, Southern Italy. It is located 310 meters (1017.06 ft) above the sea level on the slope of Mount Caputo, a small promontory overlooking the valley of Palermo, from which it is approximately 7 km (4 miles) to the south.

The town developed on a site used by the Norman kings for hunting. They built a royal palace there, hence the name Mons Regalis. The city gained great importance when king William II of Sicily built Monreale Cathedral with the adjoining Benedictine monastery. In 1183, it became the seat of the archbishop.

Monreale forms its own archdiocese. Its cathedral is one of several buildings named in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a group of nine inscribed as Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale.
MacPaint
MacPaint is a raster graphics editor developed by Apple Computer and released alongside the original Macintosh personal computer on January 24, 1984. It was sold bundled with its word processing counterpart, MacWrite, for US$195. MacPaint was notable because it could generate graphics that could be used by other applications. It taught consumers what a graphics-based system could do by using the mouse, the clipboard, and QuickDraw picture language. Pictures could be cut from MacPaint and pasted into MacWrite documents.

The original MacPaint was developed by Bill Atkinson, a member of Apple's original Macintosh development team. Early development versions of MacPaint were called MacSketch, still retaining part of the name of its roots, LisaSketch. It was later developed by Claris, the software subsidiary of Apple which was formed in 1987. The last version of MacPaint was version 2.0, released in 1988. It was discontinued by Claris in 1998 because of diminishing sales.

Raster graphics editor
A raster graphics editor (also called bitmap graphics editor) is a computer program that allows users to create and edit images interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many raster graphics file formats (also known as bitmap images) such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
Leniszki
Leniszki [lɛˈniʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnożyły, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Czarnożyły, 10 km (6 mi) north of Wieluń, and 83 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Czarnożyły
Czarnożyły [t͡ʂarnɔˈʐɨwɨ] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czarnożyły. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Wieluń and 84 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 1,300.
Mürlenbach
Mürlenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Electorate of Trier
The Electorate of Trier (German: Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier; French: Trèves) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier (Erzbistum Trier) who was, ex officio, a prince-elector of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the archbishops (in the secular context called simply electors) of Cologne and Mainz.

The capital of the electorate was Trier; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in Koblenz. The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatisation.

The Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the Archdiocese of Trier, whose territory did not correspond to the electorate (see map below).
Snellius-class hydrographic survey vessel
The Snellius class are two hydrographic survey vessel (HOV) ships in service with the hydrographic branch of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The ships were built by the Damen Group, with the hull being built in Romania by Damen Shipyards Galați and the fitting out in the Netherlands by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding.

The current Snellius is the third hydrographic vessel with this name, being named after the mathematician Willebrord Snellius. Named after the hydrographer Johan Lambertus Hendrikus Luymes, the Luymes is also the third hydrographic vessel with this name although the first ship never entered service.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
2018–19 New York Knicks season
The 2018–19 New York Knicks season was the 73rd season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On April 12, 2018, the Knicks fired head coach Jeff Hornacek after the team missed the playoffs. On May 7, 2018, the Knicks hired David Fizdale as head coach. The Knicks were eliminated from playoff contention on March 4, 2019, when they lost to the Sacramento Kings 115–108. The team ended the season with the worst record in the NBA, and tied the franchise-worst record set in the 2014–15 season.

2014–15 New York Knicks season
The 2014–15 New York Knicks season was the 69th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On March 28, the Knicks set a new franchise-record 60 losses in a season, finishing at 65. The Knicks missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season, and for the tenth out of fourteen since 2001–02. This particular season has been commonly referred to as the worst season in Knicks history as it was the first time they had lost more than 60 games in franchise history. The Lakers also lost more than 60 games that year, leaving the Utah Jazz as the sole franchise to not have a 60+ losing record.
Sh 2-279
Sh 2-279 (alternatively designated S279 or Sharpless 279) is an HII region and bright nebulae that includes a reflection nebula located in the constellation Orion. It is the northernmost part of the asterism known as Orion's Sword, lying 0.6° north of the Orion Nebula. The reflection nebula embedded in 
Sh 2-279 is popularly known as the Running Man Nebula.

Orion's Sword
Orion's Sword is a compact asterism in the constellation Orion. It comprises three stars (42 Orionis, Theta Orionis, and Iota Orionis) and M42, the Orion Nebula, which together are thought to resemble a sword or its scabbard. This group is south of the prominent asterism, Orion's Belt.  Fables and old beliefs are in Europe dominated or widely influenced by those of the Greco-Roman narratives.  Beyond Europe this grouping is quite widely referenced as a weapon just as the majority of cultures perceived Orion's standout asymmetrical "hourglass" of seven very bright stars as a human.
1985 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are formally conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for service people on active duty.

The 1985 Queen's Birthday honours lists were announced on 15 June 1985.

The recipients are shown below as they were styled before their new honour.

Scottish Office
The Scottish Office was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1999, exercising a wide range of government functions in relation to Scotland under the control of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, most of its work was transferred to the newly established Scottish Executive (now the Scottish Government), with a small residue of functions retained by the Scotland Office.
Martinique Queens
Martinique Queens is a national beauty pageant responsible for selecting Martinique's representatives to the International pageants. This pageant is not related to Miss Martinique where the winner traditionally competes at Miss France contest.

Miss Martinique
Miss Martinique is a French beauty pageant which selects a representative for the Miss France national competition from the overseas region of Martinique. The first Miss Martinique was crowned in 1977, while the pageant has been organized regularly since 1984.

The current Miss Martinique is Léaline Patry, who was crowned Miss Martinique 2025 on 13 September 2025.
Subaru Outback
The Subaru Outback is an automotive nameplate used by the Japanese automaker Subaru for two different themed vehicles: a Legacy-derived station wagon, the Outback (1994–present, also sold as Legacy Outback (Japanese: スバル・レガシィアウトバック, Hepburn: Subaru Regashi Autobakku) in some markets), and an Impreza-derived off-road themed hatchback, the Outback Sport (1994–2011).

Most versions of the Outback wagon and Outback Sport have had all-wheel drive as standard equipment.

European emission standards
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact.

Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles.: 5