hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rifamycin
The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica or artificially. They are a subclass of the larger family of ansamycins.  Rifamycins are particularly effective against mycobacteria, and are therefore used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections.

The rifamycin group includes the classic rifamycin drugs as well as the rifamycin derivatives rifampicin (or rifampin), rifabutin, rifapentine, rifalazil and rifaximin. Rifamycin, sold under the trade name Aemcolo, is approved in the United States for treatment of travelers' diarrhea in some circumstances.

The name "rifamycin" (originally "rifomycin") was derived from the 1955 French film Rififi.: S402

Rifalazil
Rifalazil (also known as KRM-1648 and AMI-1648) is an  antibiotic substance that kills bacterial cells by blocking off the β-subunit in RNA polymerase.  Rifalazil is used as a treatment for many different diseases. The most common are Chlamydia infection, Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), and tuberculosis (TB). Using rifalazil and the effects that coincide with taking rifalazil for treating a bacterial disease vary from person to person, as does any drug put into the human body.  Food interactions and genetic variation are a few causes for the variation in side effects from the use of rifalazil. Its development was terminated in 2013 due to severe side effects.
Igor Chumak
Igor Vladimirovich Chumak (Russian: Игорь Владимирович Чумак; born 1 April 1964 in Vladivostok) is a Russian team handball player. He became Olympic champion in 1988 with the Soviet Union national handball team and in 1992 with the Unified Team.

Soviet Men's Handball Championship
The Soviet Union Handball Championship was the highest level for men's club handball in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

The competition was successively dominated by three clubs: CSKA Moscow and its nine titles, including eight between 1973 and 1983 succeeded by MAI Moscow and its seven titles between 1965 and 1975 and then comes the dominance of SKA Minsk and its six titles, including five between 1984 and 1989. These three clubs are also the only three to have won the European Cup of Champion Clubs (respectively two, one and three times).
Levantina longinqua
Levantina longinqua is a poorly known species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.

The species is only known from its type series of uncertain provenance.

Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of western Palaearctic, medium to large-sized, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." It includes some of the largest European land snails, several species are common in anthropogenic habitats, and some became invasive on other continents. A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including Cornu aspersum (formerly Helix aspersa; "petit gris") the brown or garden snail, and Helix pomatia (the "escargot"). The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented.
Dava Bazaar
Dava Bazaar (also spelled Dawa Bazaar and Dava Bazar) is an area in South Mumbai famous for medical and scientific instruments, and lab chemicals. It is located near Lohar Chawl, Crawford Market and opens into Princess Street. Dava in Hindi means medicine.

The word Aushadhi Khana has generic usage as pharmaceutical trade markets in various parts of India.

Crawford Market
Crawford Market (officially the Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Mandai) is one of South Mumbai's most famous markets. The building was completed in 1869, and donated to the city by Cowasji Jehangir. Originally named after Arthur Crawford, the first Municipal Commissioner of the city, the market was later renamed to honour the Indian social reformer Mahatma Jotirao Phule. The market is situated opposite the Mumbai Police headquarters, just north of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station and west of the JJ flyover at a busy intersection. It was the main wholesale market for fruits in Mumbai until March 1996, when the wholesale traders were relocated to Navi Mumbai.

In 1882, the building was the first in India to be lit up by electricity.
T & G Building, Brisbane
The T & G Building was a notable office tower located on the corner of Queen Street and Albert Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, built for the T & G (Temperance and General) Mutual Life Assurance Society in 1924.

Queen Street, Brisbane
Queen Street is the main street of Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, Australia. It is named after Queen Victoria.

The western part of the street is covered by a new plaza at the base of Brisbane Square and underneath part of the western half is the Queen Street bus station.

Queen Street is heavily built up with arcades, shops, hotels, offices and apartment high-rises such as MacArthur Central, Brisbane Square, Central Plaza, Aurora Tower, Treasury Casino, Wintergarden, Broadway on the Mall, The Myer Centre and QueensPlaza. Queen Street is also the location of Brisbane's General Post Office.
Defne
Defne is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 155 km2, and its population is 165,494 (2022). The district Defne was created in 2013 from parts of the former central district of Hatay and the district of Samandağ. It covers the southwestern part of the agglomeration of Antakya and the adjacent countryside.

Defne was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks.

The municipality of Defne was named after the Greek mythological figure of Daphne. Tourist sites in Defne include the Harbiye Hydro Park and Harbiye Waterfall, as well as the historic site of St Simeon's Monastery.

Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites the Younger
The Monastery of Saint Simeon Stylites the Younger (Turkish: Aziz Simon manastır) is a former Christian monastery that lies on a hill roughly 29 kilometres (18 miles) southwest of Antakya and six kilometres (3.7 miles) to the east of Samandağ, in the southernmost Turkish province of Hatay. The site is extensive but the monastery buildings are in ruins.

The monastery sits on top of a hill called Saman Dağı (summit elevation: 479 m (1,572 ft)).
Lache
The Lache (/leɪtʃ/ LAYTCH;) is a housing estate in the city of Chester, Cheshire, England. It is located approximately 2 miles (3 km) south-west of the city centre, close to the border with Saltney, and runs almost continuously into Westminster Park. The main thoroughfares through the estate are Cliveden Road and Sycamore Drive.

Saltney
Saltney is a town straddling the counties of Flintshire and Cheshire on the England–Wales border. The local government community of Saltney lies entirely in Wales, while the English areas are unparished. The town forms part of Chester's built-up area and is around 5 miles from Deeside.

Saltney is located next to the River Dee. In the 2001 census the population of the town was 4,769, rising to 5,132 at the time of the 2011 census.
The Son of the Sun
"The Son of the Sun" is the first Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa, first published in Uncle Scrooge #219 in July 1987. It is a well-known comic book story that features Disney's Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck, and his three nephews, and an indirect sequel to "Lost in the Andes!" by Carl Barks. This story is most notable for establishing Don Rosa as a major talent in the Disney comic book industry, as well as fulfilling Rosa's childhood dream of becoming a writer/illustrator of stories featuring Scrooge McDuck.

The combination of homages to Barks, clever and intelligent writing, appealing art, and dependence of the resolution of the plot on one of Scrooge's most redeeming character traits were instrumental in the reception of this storyline as a modern classic.

Don Rosa
Keno Don Hugo Rosa (/ˈkiːnoʊ ˈdɒn ˈhjuːɡoʊ ˈroʊzə/), known as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his comics about Scrooge McDuck and other Disney characters. Many of his stories are built on characters and locations created by Carl Barks.

Rosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006, and in 1995 his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck won the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story.
Government in Norman and Angevin England
From the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the death of King John in 1216, England was governed by the Norman and Plantagenet dynasties. The Norman kings preserved and built upon the institutions of Anglo-Saxon government. They also introduced new institutions, in particular, formalized feudalism.

Feudal aid
Feudal aid is the legal term for one of the financial duties required of a feudal tenant or vassal to his lord. Variations on the feudal aid were collected in England, France, Germany and Italy during the Middle Ages, although the exact circumstances varied.
D'Israeli (cartoonist)
Matt Brooker, whose work most often appears under the pseudonym D'Israeli (sometimes "D'Israeli D'Emon D'Raughtsman"), is a British comic artist, colorist, writer and letterer. Other pseudonyms he uses include "Molly Eyre" (a pun on Molière) for his writing, and "Harry V. Derci"/"Digital Derci" (a pun on "arrivederci") for his lettering work.

Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic-book-reading experience. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story's title lettering, creator credits, and any specialized captions that appear on the story's first page. They also craft the lettering that appears in the word balloons, also designing the various sound effects that appear within the comic book story. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.
Prüfer domain
In mathematics, a Prüfer domain is a type of commutative ring that generalizes Dedekind domains in a non-Noetherian context.  These rings possess the nice ideal- and module-theoretic properties of Dedekind domains, but usually only for finitely generated modules.  Prüfer domains are named after the German mathematician Heinz Prüfer.

Integrally closed domain
In commutative algebra, an integrally closed domain A is an integral domain whose integral closure in its field of fractions is A itself. Spelled out, this means that if x is an element of the field of fractions of A that is a root of a monic polynomial with coefficients in A, then x is itself an element of A. Many well-studied domains are integrally closed, as shown by the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields

An explicit example is the ring of integers Z, a Euclidean domain. All regular local rings are integrally closed as well.

A ring whose localizations at all prime ideals are integrally closed domains is a normal ring.
Tell the World: The Very Best of Ratt
Tell the World: The Very Best of Ratt is a career-spanning compilation album by American glam metal band Ratt. It features tracks from all 6 of the band's previous studio albums, including their quartet of consecutive platinum LPs from the mid-to-late-'80s (Out of the Cellar, Invasion of Your Privacy, Dancing Undercover, and Reach for the Sky), plus their 1990 album Detonator and their 1999 self-titled album, as well as a selection from their 1997 rarities compilation Collage, a favorite from their intimate 1990 MTV Unplugged live session, and their single from 1991's Point Break film soundtrack. Ironically, the title track for this compilation, ("Tell the World"), which originally appeared on the band's 1983 self-titled debut EP, is not actually included; in fact, no selection from the EP appears.

Ratt (album)
Ratt is the sixth studio album by American glam metal band Ratt. Often referred to as "1999" by fans (partially to avoid confusion with their EP, which was also self-titled), the album saw the band's musical direction shift to a more blues-influenced hard rock sound and further away from their previous glam metal roots. This is the first studio album to feature bassist Robbie Crane.
The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog
The Murder of Sonic the Hedgehog is a 2023 point-and-click visual novel video game developed by the Sega Social Team and published by Sega for macOS and Windows via Steam. The player converses with various Sonic the Hedgehog characters to investigate Sonic's apparent murder on Amy Rose's birthday. The game was released as freeware on March 31, 2023, to coincide with April Fools' Day, and was positively received.

Murder mystery game
A murder mystery game is a type of party game in which players investigate and solve fictitious murders. In many variations, a player secretly plays as a murderer while the others attempt to determine the murderer's identity.

These games typically involve a group of 6 to 20 people.
Zinc azide
Zinc azide Zn(N3)2 is an inorganic compound composed of zinc cations (Zn2+) and azide anions (N−3). It is a white, explosive solid that can be prepared by the protonolysis of diethylzinc with hydrazoic acid:

Zn(C2H5)2 + 2 HN3 → Zn(N3)2 + 2 C2H6

Azide
In chemistry, azide (/ˈeɪzaɪd/, AY-zyd) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula N−3 and structure −N=N+=N−. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid HN3. Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula RN3, containing the azide functional group. The dominant application of azides is as a propellant in air bags.
For All Time
For All Time is a 2000 American television science fiction drama film starring Mark Harmon, Mary McDonnell, and Catherine Hicks. It was based on The Twilight Zone episode "A Stop at Willoughby" written by Rod Serling. The teleplay was by Vivienne Radkoff and it was directed by Steven Schachter. The film aired on CBS on October 18, 2000.

As of 2024, the movie is currently not available to stream on Paramount+.

As of December 2025, the movie is available to stream on YouTube.

Rod Serling
Rodman Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter and television producer best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the "angry young man" of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues, including censorship, racism, and war.
Homaloceras
Homaloceras is an extinct nautiloid cephalopod from the Middle Devonian with a strongly curved shell, included in the nautilid family Centroceratidae.

Homaloceras is characterized by a smooth, exogastrically curved and laterally compressed, cyrtoconic to gyroconic, shell with the ventral margin the outer rim. The venter is narrow and concave with a groove running down the middle; the dorsum on the inner rim, rounded; the sides broadly convex and convergent. The suture is only slightly sinuous, the siphuncle tubular and near the venter. (Kummel 1964)

Homaloceras, named by Whiteavus in 1891, and found in North America, in Canada, is the most primitive and one of the earliest genera assigned to the Centroceratidae. (Kummel 1964)

The Nautiloidea, in which Homaloceras is included, is a subclass of once diverse and numerous shelled cephalopods characterized by a retrochoantic siphuncle in which the septal necks point back toward the apex.

Nautilida
The Nautilida constitute a large and diverse order of generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods that began in the mid Paleozoic and continues to the present with a single family, the Nautilidae which includes two genera, Nautilus and Allonautilus, with six species.  All told, between 22 and 34 families and 165 to 184 genera have been recognised, making this the largest order of the subclass Nautiloidea.
Jay Gonzalez (politician)
Juan Manuel "Jay" Gonzalez (born January 8, 1971) is an American academic and government administrator who is the president of Curry College. He served Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts under Governor Deval Patrick from 2009 to 2013 and was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Massachusetts in 2018.

Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts
The secretary of administration and finance of Massachusetts is the head of the Executive Office of Administration and Finance, and serves as an advisor to the governor of Massachusetts. Its current secretary is Matthew Gorzkowicz, who has been serving since January 5, 2023.
Luis Farell
Luis Farell Cubillas (September 27, 1902 – July 17, 1977)  was a Mexican Air Force combat pilot during the Revolution of the 1920s. He fought against Adolfo de la Huerta, the Yaqui rebels, General Arnulfo R. Gomez, against the Cristeros and accomplished several bombing and strafing missions against the military coup headed by General José Gonzalo Escobar and the revolt by General Saturnino Cedillo. Farell retired from active service as a Division General while being Sub-Chief of the Mexican Air Force.

Douglas O-2
The Douglas O-2 was a 1920s American observation aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company, powered by the Liberty engine of WW1 fame, with some later variants using other engines. It was developed into several versions, with 879 being produced in total. It was used in combat by the Chinese Air Force in the 1930s and also was the basis for a successful mailplane version.
Petr Heinzel
Petr Heinzel (born 9 November 1950) is a Czech astronomer and professor who is specialized in solar physics. From 2004 to 2012, he was director of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (AV ČR). In 2012 he was appointed Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Charles University, Czech Republic. Since 2017, he is chair of the Czech Astronomical Society. He is also a member of the International Astronomical Union.

Ondřejov Observatory
The Ondřejov Observatory (pronounced [ˈondr̝ɛjof]; Czech: Observatoř Ondřejov) is the principal observatory of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. It is located in the municipality of Ondřejov, 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast of Prague, Czech Republic. It has a 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) wide telescope, which is the largest in the Czech Republic.
Light-water reactor
The light-water reactor (LWR) is a type of thermal-neutron reactor that uses normal water, as opposed to heavy water, as both its coolant and neutron moderator; furthermore a solid form of fissile elements is used as fuel. Thermal-neutron reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor, and light-water reactors are the most common type of thermal-neutron reactor.

There are three varieties of light-water reactors: the pressurized water reactor (PWR), the boiling water reactor (BWR), and (most designs of) the supercritical water reactor (SCWR).

Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 (239Pu or Pu-239) is an isotope of plutonium. Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons, although uranium-235 is also used for that purpose. Plutonium-239 is also one of the three isotopes that have been demonstrated to be usable as fuel in thermal spectrum nuclear reactors, along with uranium-235 and uranium-233. Plutonium-239 has a half-life of 24,110 years.
Simplicial homotopy
In algebraic topology, a simplicial homotopy is an analog of a homotopy between topological spaces for simplicial sets. Precisely,pg 23 if

are maps between simplicial sets, a simplicial homotopy from f to g is a map

such that the restriction of  along  is  and the restriction along  is ; see . In particular,  and  for all x in X.

Using the adjunction

,

the simplicial homotopy  can also be thought of as a path in the simplicial set

A simplicial homotopy is in general not an equivalence relation. However, if  is a Kan complex (e.g., if  is a Kan complex), then a homotopy from  to  is an equivalence relation. Indeed, a Kan complex is an ∞-groupoid; i.e., every morphism (path) is invertible. Thus, if h is a homotopy from f to g, then the inverse of h is a homotopy from g to f, establishing that the relation is symmetric. The transitivity holds since a composition is possible.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Hotchkiss M1922 machine gun
The Hotchkiss M1922 was a light machine gun manufactured by Hotchkiss.

It was never adopted in large numbers by the French Army; nevertheless, it was exported to many European and Latin American countries under the names Hotchkiss M1926 or Hotchkiss M1934.

Hotchkiss et Cie
Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Compagnie was a French arms and, in the 20th century, automobile manufacturer first established by American gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. He moved to France and set up a factory, first at Viviez near Rodez in 1867, manufacturing arms used by the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, then moving at Saint-Denis near Paris in 1875. It was merged into and succeeded by Thomson-CSF, now Thales Group.
Pawn structure
In a game of chess, the pawn structure (sometimes known as the pawn skeleton) is the configuration of pawns on the chessboard. Because pawns are the least mobile of the chess pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and thus plays a large role in determining the strategic character of the position.

Queen's Indian Defense
The Queen's Indian Defense (QID) is a chess opening defined by the moves:

1. d4 Nf6

2. c4 e6

3. Nf3 b6

The opening is a solid defense to the Queen's Pawn Game. 3...b6 increases Black's control over the central light squares e4 and d5 by preparing to fianchetto the queen's bishop, with the opening deriving its name from this maneuver. As in the other Indian defenses, Black attempts to control the center with pieces in hypermodern style, instead of occupying it with pawns in classical style.

By playing 3.Nf3, White sidesteps the Nimzo-Indian Defense that arises after 3.Nc3 Bb4. The Queen's Indian is regarded as the sister opening of the Nimzo-Indian, since both openings aim to impede White's efforts to gain full control of the center by playing e2–e4 without directly putting a pawn in the centre. Together, they are a well-respected response to 1.d4.
Steam railcar
A steam railcar, steam motor car (US), or Railmotor (UK) is a railcar that is self powered by a steam engine. The first steam railcar was an experimental unit designed and built in 1847 by James Samuel and William Bridges Adams in Britain. In 1848 they made the Fairfield steam carriage that they sold to the Bristol & Exeter Railway, who used it for two years on a branch line.

Maschinenfabrik Esslingen
Maschinenfabrik Esslingen (ME) was a German engineering firm that manufactured locomotives, tramways, railway wagons, rollbocks, technical equipment for the railways, (turntables and traversers), bridges, steel structures, pumps and boilers.