hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2000 Hertsmere Borough Council election
The 2000 Hertsmere Borough Council election took place on 4 May 2000 to elect members of Hertsmere Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

2000 United Kingdom local elections
The 2000 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 4 May 2000. A third of the seats on each of the Metropolitan Boroughs were elected along with elections in many of the unitary authorities and district councils. There were no elections in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. On the same day, a parliamentary by-election took place in the Romsey constituency in southern England; the Liberal Democrats won the seat from the Conservatives.
Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman algorithm
The Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman (BHHH) algorithm is a numerical optimization algorithm similar to the Newton–Raphson algorithm, but it replaces the observed negative Hessian matrix with the outer product of the gradient. This approximation is based on the information matrix equality and therefore only valid while maximizing a likelihood function. The BHHH algorithm is named after the four originators: Ernst R. Berndt, Bronwyn Hall, Robert Hall, and Jerry Hausman.

Newton's method in optimization
In calculus, Newton's method (also called Newton–Raphson) is an iterative method for finding the roots of a differentiable function , which are solutions to the equation . However, to optimize a twice-differentiable , our goal is to find the roots of . We can therefore use Newton's method on its derivative  to find solutions to , also known as the critical points of . These solutions may be minima, maxima, or saddle points; see section "Several variables" in Critical point (mathematics) and also section "Geometric interpretation" in this article. This is relevant in optimization, which aims to find (global) minima of the function .
James Rose (bishop)
James Rose, MA (c.1655–1733) was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman who served as the Bishop of Fife from 1731 to 1733.

He was consecrated at Edinburgh as a college bishop on 29 November 1726 by bishops David Freebairn, Andrew Cant and Alexander Duncan. He and other college bishops were consecrated to maintain the Episcopal succession without being committed to a particular Episcopal see. Five years later, he became the bishop of the Diocese of Fife in December 1731.

He died in office on 4 April 1733, aged 78.

David Freebairn
David Freebairn, M.A. (1653–1739) was a Scottish clergyman who served as a minister in the Church of Scotland, before becoming a prelate in the Scottish Episcopal Church in which he was Bishop of Galloway (1731–1733), Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church (1731–1738) and Bishop of Edinburgh (1733–1739).
Benfica, Rio de Janeiro
Benfica is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is located near São Cristóvão and Engenho de Dentro, within the Centro (Downtown) Administrative Region.

Benfica was first populated in the 16th century, as an area of sugarcane plantation developed by Jesuit missionaries, who received an extensive donation of land, which also included present-day Engenho da Rainha and Engenho Novo, from Estácio de Sá. After the jesuits were expelled from the Portuguese Empire by the marquis of Pombal, in 1759, possessions in Benfica were granted to various private owners, and the region became further populated.

The neighbourhood has historically played a role as a resting place and point of passage to places of interest in the outskirts of Rio, most notably on the Estrada Real (Royal Road). Today, Benfica is served by the Avenida Brasil and Avenida Dom Hélder Câmara, two avenues which link downtown Rio to suburbs in the North and West Zones.

Engenho de Dentro
Engenho de Dentro is a middle-class and lower-middle-class neighbourhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It borders the neighbourhoods of Abolição, Água Santa, Cachambi, Encantado, Inhaúma, Lins de Vasconcelos, Méier, Pilares and Todos os Santos. The Nilton Santos Olympic Stadium, home stadium of Botafogo F.R. and one of the venues of the 2007 Pan American Games, 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, is situated in Engenho de Dentro. 
The Olímpica de Engenho de Dentro station is the SuperVia train station in Rio de Janeiro that serves this neighborhood. From Central do Brasil station, passengers can reach Engenho de Dentro neighbourhood and Nilton Santos stadium in 25 minutes taking the Japeri, Santa Cruz or Deodoro lines, leaving the train in Olímpica de Engenho de Dentro station.
Hudson Bay Regional Park
Hudson Bay Regional Park  is a regional park in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located on the south side of the town of Hudson Bay in the RM of Hudson Bay No. 394 along the shores of the Red Deer River. The park is the site of a North West Company fur trading fort called Fort Red Deer River that was built in 1790. About 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) downstream, near Erwood, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post that was built in 1757.

Hudson Bay Regional Park is composed about 900 acres of land split up between the main park on the south side of the town of Hudson Bay and along the Red Deer River and three former provincial recreation sites, Ruby Lake, Dagg Creek, and Greenbush River. The park is in the Porcupine Provincial Forest and at the edge of a pre-historic glacial lake called Lake Agassiz.

Erwood, Saskatchewan
Erwood is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The hamlet has an outfitting business (for guided hunting), a community centre, and a Church of God. There is a traffic bridge on Highway 3, just west of the hamlet, where residents enjoy swimming in the Red Deer River. Residents of the area also maintain the Erwood Cemetery that exists approximately 1.5 miles from the hamlet.
Cetacaine
Cetacaine is a topical anesthetic that contains the active ingredients benzocaine (14%), butamben (2%), and tetracaine hydrochloride (2%). Cetacaine also contains small amounts of benzalkonium chloride at 0.5% and 0.005% of cetyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide all in a bland water-soluble base. Although Cetacaine has been widely used in the medical and dental fields, it has yet to be officially approved by the FDA. Cetacaine is produced by the company Cetylite Industries, Inc. and they provide Cetacaine in three forms: liquid, gel, and spray.

Topical anesthetic
A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. They can be used to numb any area of the skin as well as the front of the eyeball, the inside of the nose, ear or throat, the anus and the genital area. Topical anesthetics are available in creams, ointments, aerosols, sprays, lotions, and jellies. Examples include benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, lidocaine, oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proxymetacaine (proparacaine), and tetracaine (also named amethocaine).
Yum Burnu
Yum Burnu (Turkish 'Cape of Good Hope'), the ancient Ancyræan Cape or Ancyræan Promontory and the modern Greek Cape Psomion, is the cape at the northeast end of the Bosphorus, where it enters the Black Sea.

It is a bold headland descending almost perpendicularly into the water.

Just below it is a reef which is often identified as the Asian side of the mythical Symplegades.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
G Herculis
g Herculis is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Hercules, which makes part of a wide triple star system. It has the Flamsteed designation 30 Herculis, while g Herculis is the Bayer designation. This system is visible to the naked eye as a faint, red-hued point of light. Based upon a measured parallax of 9.2 mas, it is located around 354 light years away from the Sun. The system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of 1.5 km/s.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Dentin sialoprotein
Dentin sialoprotein is a protein found in teeth.  It is one of the two proteins produced by the segmentation of dentin sialophosphoprotein.  Dentin sialoprotein can be found in the dentin immediately subjacent to cellular cementum, but not subjacent to acellular fibrous cementum.

Cementum
Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. The cementum is the part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.
Elin Pelin Municipality
42°40′23″N 23°36′7″E﻿ / ﻿42.67306°N 23.60194°E﻿ / 42.67306; 23.60194

Elin Pelin Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Елин Пелин) is a municipality in Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. Covering a territory of 452.1 km2, it is the fifth largest of the 22 municipalities in the province and takes 6.38% of its total area.

Gabra, Sofia Province
Gabra (Bulgarian: Габра), is a village in Western Bulgaria, part of Elin Pelin Municipality, Sofia Province. The village is located in the valley between the mountains Sredna Gora and Lozenska Planina. There is а church, a primary school and chitalishte. Near-by the village there is a small orthodox monastery called Saint Demetrius (Bulgarian: Свети Димитър, romanized: Sveti Dimitar). The original name of the village is Chukurovo (Bulgarian: Чукурово). Since 1934, it is changed to Gabra.
Great Māhele
The Great Māhele  ("to divide or portion") or just the Māhele was the Hawaiian land redistribution proposed by King Kamehameha III. The Māhele was one of the most important episodes of Hawaiian history, second only to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. While intended to provide secure title to indigenous Hawaiians, it separated many of them from their land.

Land reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution.

Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society.
De origine gentis Swevorum
De origine gentis Swevorum (or Origo gentis Swevorum) is a short anonymous Latin tract on the origins of the northern Swabians, the inhabitants of the Nordschwabengau in Saxony. The earliest manuscript (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1357) dates to about 1250 and the work itself was probably composed about that time or perhaps some decades earlier.

De origine gentis Swevorum is influenced by the accounts of Saxon origins in Rudolf of Fulda, Widukind of Corvey and the Annals of Quedlinburg and by the account of Lombard origins in Paul the Deacon's History of the Lombards. The author's purpose is to show that the northern Swabians had been settled in the Nordschwabengau since the year 555–556. It claims that they migrated there from the north. It describes wars between the northern Swabians and the Franks and Thuringians, but its historical reliability is doubtful.

History of the Lombards
The History of the Lombards or the History of the Langobards (Latin: Historia Langobardorum) is the chief work by Paul the Deacon, written in the late 8th century. This incomplete history in six books was written after 787 and at any rate no later than 796, maybe at Montecassino.

The history covers the story of the Lombards from their mythical origins to the death of King Liutprand in 743, and contains much information about the Eastern Roman empire, the Franks, and others. The story is told from the point of view of a Lombard patriot and is especially valuable for its treatment of the relations between the Franks and the Lombards. As his primary sources, Paul used the document called the Origo gentis Langobardorum, the Liber pontificalis, the lost history of Secundus of Trent, and the lost annals of Benevento; he also made free use of works by Bede, Gregory of Tours, and Isidore of Seville.
Milecastle 22
Milecastle 22 (Portgate) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall.  Its remains exist as a low, turf covered platform just east of the Portgate roundabout (junction of the A68 and B6318).  The platform is 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) on the east side, reducing to only a parch mark on the west side.

Portgate
The Portgate was a fortified gateway, constructed as part of  Hadrian's Wall where it crossed the Roman road now known as Dere Street, which preceded Hadrian's Wall by around 50 years.  It was built to control traffic along Dere Street as it passed north through Hadrian's Wall. The gate's remains exist beneath the old B6318 Military Road to the south-west of the Stagshaw Roundabout (the B6318 was diverted slightly for the construction of the Stagshaw Roundabout, leaving two short sections of the existing road unlinked – the remains of the Portgate are buried beneath the western section).
International Hemp Building Association
The International Hemp Building Association (IHBA) is the largest association internationally in this sector. Members and partners of the association include architects, builders, consultants, designers, the European Industrial Hemp Association (EIHA), the Hemp Industries Association and manufacturers.

Hemp Industries Association
The Hemp Industries Association (HIA) is a non-profit trade group representing hemp companies, researchers and supporters in the United States and Canada. The group petitions for fair and equal treatment of industrial hemp. Since 1994, the HIA has been dedicated to education, industry development, and the accelerated expansion of hemp world market supply and demand.
Hedvig Sohlberg
Hedvig Sohlberg (January 29, 1858 - October 6, 1937) was a Finnish principal of a woman's normal school, lecturer, and prominent advocate of prohibition. She was an MP of the Swedish People's Party of Finland, having been a member from 1908 to 1914, representing the constituency of the Uusimaa Province. She was also a member of the Ekenäs City Council and was the vice-chair of the central government of the Nykterhetsförbundet Hälsa och Trafik (Swedish Sobriety Federation of Finland).

Ekenäs, Finland
Ekenäs (Finland Swedish: [ˈeːkeneːs] ⓘ; Finnish: Tammisaari [ˈtɑmːisɑːri]) is a town and former municipality in Finland that comprised the former municipalities of Snappertuna and Tenala together with the town of Ekenäs. It was merged with Pohja and Karis to form the new municipality of Raseborg on January 1, 2009. Ekenäs is in the province of Southern Finland, and is part of the Uusimaa (Swedish: Nyland) region. The town had a population of 14,754 (as of 31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 726.73 square kilometres (280.59 sq mi). The population density was 20.30 inhabitants per square kilometre (52.6/sq mi). The town is bilingual, with the majority being Swedish speakers (81%), and the minority Finnish speakers (17%).
Dufour's gland
Dufour's gland is an abdominal gland of certain insects, part of the anatomy of the ovipositor or sting apparatus in female members of Apocrita. The diversification of Hymenoptera took place in the Cretaceous and the gland may have developed at about this time (200 million years ago) as it is present in all three groups of Apocrita, the wasps, bees and ants.

Ovipositor
The ovipositor is  a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages.  The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typically its form is adapted to functions such as preparing a place for the egg, transmitting the egg, and then placing it properly.  For most insects, the organ is used merely to attach the egg to some surface, but for many parasitic species (primarily in wasps and other Hymenoptera), it is a piercing organ as well.

Some ovipositors only retract partly when not in use, and the basal part that sticks out is known as the scape, or more specifically oviscape, the word scape deriving from the Latin word scāpus, meaning "stalk" or "shaft".
Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Claas Matador Gigant
The Matador Gigant, initially called Matador, is a self-propelled combine harvester produced by the German agricultural company Claas in Harsewinkel. The Matador Gigant is the largest combine harvester of the Matador series, the smaller Matador Standard was introduced afterwards. Approximately 35,000 units of the Matador series combine harvester were made from 1961 to 1969.

Claas
CLAAS is an agricultural machinery manufacturer based in Harsewinkel, Germany, in the federal state of North Rhine Westphalia. Founded in 1913 by August Claas, CLAAS is a family business and one of the market and technology leaders in harvesting technology. It is the European market leader in combine harvesters and considered as world market leader in self-propelled forage harvesters. The product range also includes  tractors, balers, mowers, rakes, tedders, silage trailers, wheel loaders, telehandlers and other harvesting equipment as well as farming information technology. CLAAS employs around 11,500 employees worldwide and reported a turnover of roughly 3.9 billion euros in the 2019 financial year. About 78.5% of sales are generated outside of Germany.
Lann Léire CPG
Lann Léire CPG is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club that fields gaelic football teams in competitions organised by Louth GAA. It is based in the County Louth town of Dunleer. The club plays home matches at Páirc Uí Mhuirí, named after Larry Murray, the Louth priest who made a significant contribution to GAA affairs in the county and elsewhere.

As of 2023, the club competes in the Louth Junior Championship and Division 2 of the county football Leagues. Former Louth captain Nicky Malone is the senior team manager.

Louth Junior 2A Football Championship
The Louth Junior 2A Football Championship is an annual knockout gaelic football competition organised by Louth GAA, contested by the second teams of Senior clubs in County Louth.

Formerly known as the Second Division Championship, it was renamed the Junior 2 Championship when the county football Leagues were reorganized in 1978.
Tirunelveli-Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express
The 16787 / 16788 Tirunelveli-Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Navyug Express is a weekly train running between the stations Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra, in Jammu and Kashmir, and Tirunelveli Junction, in Tamil Nadu. It takes about 69 hours to travel a distance of 3,633 kilometres (2,257 mi). It is currently the 40th longest running train service of world and is the 4th-longest train service of Indian Railways. It travels through 13 states in India, with a total of 64 stops.

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station (station code: SVDK) is a railway station on the Jammu Udhampur Srinagar Baramulla Railway Link in Reasi district in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It mainly serves the town of Katra where the major Hindu Shri Mata Vaishno Devi temple is situated. The temple is visited by millions of travellers per month via this station and its frequent special trains connectivity from all over India. The station belongs to the newly created Jammu division of Northern Railway zone in Jammu and Kashmir.
Marian Movement of Priests
The Marian Movement of Priests (MMP) is a fraternity, open to both men and women, who are devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Although most members are of the Catholic faith, the organization accepts anyone to become a member regardless of religious background. According to Fr. Stefano Gobbi, a priest from Dongo Italy, he formed the movement in 1972. at the request of Mary. The MMP describes itself a continuation of the messages given by Our Lady of Fatima. According to the MMP, its members now include over 400 Catholic cardinals and bishops, more than 100,000 Catholic priests, and several million lay Catholics worldwide.

Cenacle
The Cenacle (from the Latin cenaculum, "dining room"), also known as the Upper Room (from the Koine Greek anagaion and hyperōion, both meaning "upper room"), is a room in Mount Zion in Jerusalem, just outside the Old City walls, traditionally held to be the site of the Last Supper, the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus held with the apostles.

According to the Christian Bible, the Cenacle was a place in which the apostles continued to gather after the Last Supper, and it was also the site where the Holy Spirit alighted upon the twelve apostles on Pentecost, Matthias having been "numbered with the eleven apostles" to replace Judas in Acts 1:25.

The site is administered by the Israeli authorities, and is part of a building holding what is known as "David's Tomb" on its ground floor.