hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chironomus okinawanus
Chironomus okinawanus is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae.

The species was first described in 1987 by the Japanese entomologists Hideo Hasegawa & Manabu Sasa, from pupae and a male adult collected on Okinawa Island. It was later redescribed in 1995 as Chironomus tokarabeceus by Manabu Sasa & Hiroshi Suzuki, from a specimen collected from the Tokara Islands.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Mushi Santappa
Mushi Santappa FRS FRIC    (2 October 1923 – 26 February 2017) was an Indian polymer chemist, leather technologist and a vice chancellor of Sri Venkateswara University and the University of Madras. He was one of the founder directors of Avanti Leathers Limited and was known for his researches on the synthesis of graft copolymers, the properties of macromolecules, and osmotic techniques. He was an elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India, Royal Institute of Chemistry and New York Academy of Sciences and a founder fellow of the Academy of Sciences, Chennai. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1967, for his contributions to chemical sciences.

Meredith Gwynne Evans
Meredith Gwynne Evans, FRS (2 December 1904 – 25 December 1952) was a British physical chemist who made important contributions to the theory of chemical reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Together with Henry Eyring and Michael Polanyi, Meredith Gwynne Evans is one of the founders of the transition state theory.
Morgenthau
Morgenthau is a German surname meaning "morning dew". Notable people with the surname include:

Elinor Morgenthau (1891–1949), American Democratic party activist

Hans Morgenthau (1904–1980), German-American international relations theorist

Henry Morgenthau Sr. (1856–1946), American diplomat and businessman

Henry Morgenthau Jr. (1891–1967), United States Secretary of the Treasury and proponent of the Morgenthau Plan

Henry Morgenthau III (1917–2018) American author and television producer

Kramer Morgenthau (1966–) American cinematographer

Robert M. Morgenthau (1919–2019), American lawyer

Robert Morgenthau
Robert Morris Morgenthau (/ˈmɔːrɡənθɔː/ MORG-ən-thaw; July 31, 1919 – July 21, 2019) was an American lawyer. From 1975 until his retirement in 2009, he was the District Attorney for New York County (the borough of Manhattan), having previously served as United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York throughout much of the 1960s on the appointment of John F. Kennedy. At retirement, Morgenthau was the longest-serving district attorney in the history of the State of New York.
Powelton Village, Philadelphia
Powelton Village is a neighborhood in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It consists of mostly Victorian and twin style homes. It is a national historic district that is part of University City. Powelton Village extends north from Market Street to Spring Garden Street, east to 32nd Street, west to 40th and Spring Garden Streets, and to 44th and Market Streets.

West Philadelphia
West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of the city of Philadelphia. It has no officially defined boundaries, but is generally considered to be west of the Schuylkill River between City Avenue in the northwest, Cobbs Creek in the southwest, and the SEPTA Media/Wawa Line in the south. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill, thus including Southwest Philadelphia and its neighborhoods.  The eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City.
Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa
Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa (born 7 July 1964) is an Indonesian economist and engineer who has been serving as minister of finance since 2025 under President Prabowo Subianto. He previously served as head of the Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation from 2020 to 2025.

Bank Rakyat Indonesia
PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (lit. "Indonesian People's Bank"), commonly known as Bank BRI or just BRI, is one of the largest banks in Indonesia. It specialises in small scale and microfinance style borrowing from and lending to its approximately 30 million retail clients through its over 8,600 branches, units and rural service posts. It also has a comparatively small, but growing, corporate business. As of 2022, it is the second largest bank in Indonesia by asset.

BRI is the oldest bank in Indonesia, tracing back since 1895. It is currently 53% owned by the government (Persero) and has been wholly state-owned for the entire period since the war of independence (1945 to 1949) to November 2003, when 30% of its shares were sold through an IPO.
Albertów, Gmina Lubochnia
Albertów [alˈbɛrtuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubochnia, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Lubochnia, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 49 km (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Lubochnia, Łódź Voivodeship
Lubochnia [luˈbɔxɲa] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina, the principal unit of administrative division in Poland, called Gmina Lubochnia. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
Gudrun Dahl
Gudrun Dahl (born 3 April 1948 in Enskede, Sweden) is a Swedish social anthropologist. She grew up in Stockholm and Gothenburg. Since 1989 she has been a professor at Stockholm University, and is currently a professor emerita. Her current research interests lie in "[m]oral arguments in environmental work."

Professor Dahl has published several books, including Having Herds: Pastoral Herd Growth and Household Economy and Suffering Grass: Subsistence and Society of Waso Borana.

She is the daughter of the Swedish geographer Sven Dahl (1912–1979), who himself was the son of the Swedish professor Carl G. Dahl, a pomologist, and Sven's wife, the genealogist Olga Dahl. Her brother, Östen, is also a professor emeritus at Stockholm University, where he teaches linguistics.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Psinidia fenestralis
Psinidia fenestralis, known generally as longhorn band-wing grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the long-horned grasshopper, long-horned locust, and sand locust. It is found in the Caribbean and North America.

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Harbor Subdivision
The Harbor Subdivision is a single-track main line of the BNSF Railway which stretches 53 miles (85 km) between rail yards near downtown Los Angeles and the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach across southwestern Los Angeles County. It was the primary link between two of the world's busiest harbors and the national rail network. Mostly displaced with the April 15, 2002 opening of the more direct Alameda Corridor, the Harbor Sub takes a far more circuitous route from origin to destination, owing to its growth in segments over the decades. The subdivision was built in this fashion beginning in the early 1880s to serve the ports and the various businesses that developed along it.

Port of Long Beach
The Port of Long Beach, administered as the Harbor Department of the City of Long Beach, is a container port in the United States, which adjoins Port of Los Angeles.  Acting as a major gateway for US–Asian trade, the port occupies 3,200 acres (13 km2) of land with 25 miles (40 km) of waterfront in the city of Long Beach, California. The Port of Long Beach is located less than 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Downtown Long Beach and approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Downtown Los Angeles. The seaport generates approximately US$100 billion per year in trade and employs more than 316,000 people in Southern California. In 2022, the port, together with the adjoining Port of Los Angeles, were considered amongst the world's least efficient ports by the World Bank and IHS Markit citing union protectionism and a lack of automation.
UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying Group 6
Standings and results for Group 6 of the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying tournament.

Group 6 consisted of Soviet Union, Hungary, Greece and Finland. This group proved to be one of the toughest as unexpected group winners Greece outran both Finland and Hungary by only one point and Soviet Union, who finished last, by two points.

UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying
The qualifying round for UEFA Euro 1980 consisted of 31 teams divided into seven groups; three of five teams and four of four teams. The qualifying round (drawn in Rome on 30 November 1977) was played at various times between May 1978 and February 1980, with some groups concluding earlier than others.
Bacterial morphological plasticity
Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to changes in the shape and size that bacterial cells undergo when they encounter stressful environments.  Although bacteria have evolved complex molecular strategies to maintain their shape, many are able to alter their shape as a survival strategy in response to protist predators, antibiotics, the immune response, and other threats.

SOS response
The SOS response is a global transcriptional response to DNA damage in prokaryotes, in which the cell cycle is arrested and DNA repair mechanisms (error-free as well as error-prone) are induced. The regulation of this response is driven by two proteins, RecA and LexA. The RecA protein, stimulated by single-stranded DNA, is involved in the inactivation of the repressor (LexA) of SOS response genes thereby inducing the response. It is an error-prone repair system that contributes significantly to DNA changes observed in a wide range of bacterial species.
Bad Ass Translate Trading
Bad Ass Translate Trading (BATT) was a professional wrestling stable led by Keiji Mutoh, which competed in both New Japan Pro-Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling from 2001 to 2002. The name of the group meant that it was a group of wrestlers that crossed borders. The groups is best known for the fact that its members were from different promotions: New Japan (Mutoh, Frye, & Otani), All Japan (Kea & Hase), and Michinoku Pro (Shinzaki).

World Tag Team Championship (AJPW)
The World Tag Team Championship (世界タッグ王座, sekai taggu ōza) is a professional wrestling World tag team championship in Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling. It was created on June 10, 1988 as a unification of two previous tag team titles in All Japan; the PWF Tag Team Championship, and the NWA International Tag Team Championship; when the PWF champions Jumbo Tsuruta and Yoshiaki Yatsu defeated NWA champions The Road Warriors. As with the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship, it is symbolized by four belts, two for each wrestler, representing the former PWF and NWA titles. It is currently the top of two tag team titles in AJPW, along with the secondary All Asia Tag Team Championship.

There have been a total of 103 reigns shared between 68 different teams consisting of 75 distinctive champions. The current champions are Titans Of Calamity (Ren Ayabe and Talos) who are in their first reign as a team.
Özgürlük Meydanı (Istanbul Metro)
Özgürlük Meydanı is an underground station on the M3 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under İncirli Street at Bakırköy Liberty Square in the Kartaltepe neighbourhood of Bakırköy. It was opened on 10 March 2024, with the opening of the M3 extension from Kirazlı to Bakırköy Sahil.

Kirazlı (Istanbul Metro)
Kirazlı, or Kirazlı-Bağcılar, is an underground rapid transit complex of the Istanbul Metro and is serviced by lines M1B and M3.

Kirazlı opened on 14 June 2013 as the southern terminus of the M3 line and eastern terminus of the M1B line. Since the M3 is considered a "continuation" of the M1B, passengers can transfer between these two lines for free. Kirazlı is the only station that offers free transfer in Istanbul. The station was inaugurated with a large ceremony in which officials from the Istanbul Municipality and Istanbul Ulaşım took part.

On January 12, 2017, Lakhe Mashrapov, a man convicted of the 2017 Istanbul nightclub shooting was seen in the station and service to the station was suspended due to a search in an attempt to find him.
Vatinoxan
Vatinoxan, originally known as MK-467, is an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in veterinary medicine alongside α2-adrenergic receptor agonists to counteract vasoconstriction and hypertension while maintaining sedation. Vatinoxan does not cross the blood–brain barrier giving it a unique pharmacological profile compared to the other α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists and distinct clinical application.

Medetomidine
Medetomidine is a veterinary anesthetic medication with potent sedative effects. As of December 2025, it is an emerging illicit drug adulterant.

It is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine, the latter being the isomer with the pharmacologic effect as an alpha 2- adrenergic agonist. Effects can be reversed using atipamezole.

It was developed by Orion Pharma. It is approved for dogs in the United States, and distributed in the United States by Pfizer Animal Health and by Novartis Animal Health in Canada under the product name Domitor. Starting in 2022 medetomidine has been detected in the US in samples of illicit drugs and associated with overdoses.

The free base form of medetomidine is sold as an antifouling substance for marine paints.
Sankhuwasabha District
Sankhuwasabha District (Nepali: सङ्खुवासभा जिल्ला Listenⓘ)  is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 3,480 km2 with a population of 159,203 in 2001 and 158,742 in 2011. The administrative center is Khandbari.

Bordering districts are Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Dhankuta, Solukhumbu and Taplejung in Koshi Province. Tingri County of Shigatse Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China borders to the north.

Arun River (China–Nepal)
The Arun River (Nepali: अरुण नदी) is a trans-boundary river that is part of the Koshi or Sapta Koshi river system in Nepal. It originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China where it is called the Phung Chu or Bum-chu.
Werris Creek railway station
Werris Creek railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located at the junction of the Main Northern, Mungindi and Binnaway–Werris Creek lines (Keilbahnhof) in Werris Creek of New South Wales, Australia. The station serves the town of Werris Creek and was built between 1877 and 1880. The station is also known as Werris Creek Railway Station, yard group and movable relics. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Australian non-residential architectural styles
Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.

Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.

The classifications set out below are derived from a leading Australian text.
John C. S. Rendall
John Charles Shuttleworth Rendall (1882 – 1965) was a British professional tennis player of the 1920s.  He won the Bristol Cup in France in 1921 (beating A. Page in final), 1922 (beating Joseph Negro in final) and 1923 (beating Joseph Negro in final).  The Bristol Cup was the top professional tournament in the early 1920s.  Before turning professional in 1921, Rendall had been an amateur tennis player.  He lost in the third round of Wimbledon men's singles in 1907 to Karl Behr. He lost in the second round of Wimbledon men's singles in 1912 to James Cecil Parke. Rendall was a Major in the Indian Army.

James Cecil Parke
James Cecil Parke (26 July 1881 – 27 February 1946) was an Irish rugby union player, tennis player, golfer, solicitor and World War I veteran. He became an Olympic silver medallist, Davis Cup champion, Wimbledon Mixed Doubles winner and Australasian Championships winner in both Singles and Doubles. He has often been referred to as Ireland's greatest ever sportsman.
Mark Curry (British TV presenter)
Mark Preston Curry (born 27 August 1961) is an English television presenter, actor and broadcaster. He is best known for his career on the British television children's show Blue Peter (1986–1989) as a presenter, as well as hosting ITV game show Catchphrase in 2002.

Peter Duncan (actor)
Peter Duncan (born 3 May 1954) is an English actor and television presenter. He was a presenter of Blue Peter in the 1980s, and made a series of family travel documentaries between 1999 and 2005. He directed, produced and performed in Jack and the Beanstalk which received a national cinema release in the UK in 2020. In 2009, Duncan co-founded The Natural Adventure, an adventure company specialising in self-guided walking and cycling holidays.
Barclay Tagg
Barclay Tagg (born December 30, 1937, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania) is an American Thoroughbred horse trainer. Tagg graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a degree in Animal Husbandry in 1961. Tagg is best known for conditioning Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Jockey Club Gold Cup winner Funny Cide. Horses in Tagg's stable have included Tiz the Law, Showing Up, and Nobiz Like Shobiz.

Formerly a steeplechase jockey, Tagg won his first race in 1972 at Old Liberty Park. He has been a journeyman trainer for many years and with Funny Cide became the first trainer to win the Kentucky Derby in his first attempt since Cam Gambolati with Spend a Buck in 1985. He won the 2020 Belmont Stakes with New York-bred Tiz the Law

Cam Gambolati
Cam M. Gambolati (born September 29, 1949, in Manchester, Connecticut) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer best known for winning the 1985 Kentucky Derby with Spend A Buck.

Gambolati worked as a Laundromat operator and as a statistician for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League. He has had a long association with racehorse owner and University of Louisville basketball coach Rick Pitino who heads a racing partnership competing as the Ol Memorial Stable.
Electron spectroscopy
Electron spectroscopy refers to a group formed by techniques based on the analysis of the energies of emitted electrons such as photoelectrons and Auger electrons. This group includes X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). These analytical techniques are used to identify and determine the elements and their electronic structures from the surface of a test sample. Samples can be solids, gases or liquids.

Chemical information is obtained only from the uppermost atomic layers of the sample (depth 10 nm or less) because the energies of Auger electrons and photoelectrons are quite low, typically 20 - 2000 eV. For this reason, electron spectroscopy techniques are used to analyze surface chemicals.

Auger effect
The Meitner–Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs when an inner-shell vacancy in an atom is filled by an electron, releasing energy that causes the emission of another electron from a different shell of the same atom.

When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an electron from a higher energy level may fall into the vacancy, resulting in a release of energy. For light atoms (Z<12), this energy is most often transferred to a valence electron which is subsequently ejected from the atom. This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron. For heavier atomic nuclei, the release of the energy in the form of an emitted photon becomes gradually more probable.
Leonard E. Davies
Leonard Emlyn Davies (born November 7, 1939) is an American lawyer, civil rights activist, writer, and painter whose early work defending migrant farm workers and the Black Panther Party resulted in his participation in "The Trial: The City and County of Denver vs. Lauren R. Watson," the first criminal trial to be filmed in its entirety in the United States.

Sturm College of Law
The Sturm College of Law ("Denver Law") is the professional graduate law school of the University of Denver. It is one of two law schools in the state of Colorado. Founded in 1892, the Sturm College of Law was one of the first in America's Mountain West. The college is located on the University of Denver's campus, about seven miles south of downtown Denver. According to Denver Law's 2017 ABA-required disclosures, 67.9% of the Class of 2017 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners.