hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss Universe Canada 2020
The Miss Universe Canada 2020 was the 18th edition of Miss Universe Canada pageant. It was held on October 24, 2020 at John Bassett Theatre, Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto. Alyssa Boston of Ontario crowned Nova Stevens of British Columbia as her successor at the end of the event. Stevens represented Canada at Miss Universe 2020, while first runner-up Tamara Jemuovic represented Canada at Miss International 2021 and second runner-up Jaime VandenBerg represented the country in Reinado Internacional del Café 2020 and 3rd runner-up Svetlana Mamaeva represented the country in Miss World 2021.

For the first time in history, the organization had 18 franchises for the provinces and territories and three cities of Canada, where they selected 55 candidates to participate in the national pageant.

Miss Universe Canada
Miss Universe Canada or The Beauties of Canada is an annual national beauty pageant that selects Canada's official representative to Miss Universe—one of the Big Four beauty pageants

The Beauties of Canada Organization gained the exclusive rights to send a Canadian representative to the Miss Universe Pageant in 2002. The company President is Nicaraguan-born Canadian Denis Dávila.
2024 Manoa murders
On March 10, 2024, a familicide occurred in Manoa, Hawaii, a neighborhood of Honolulu. Paris Oda (46) murdered his wife Naoko (48) and their three children, Sakurako (17), Orion (12), and Nana (10) before killing himself in a murder-suicide. Oda used a kitchen knife to fatally stab himself and his family. It is Hawaii's deadliest mass killing since the Xerox murders in 1999.

1999 Honolulu shootings
The 1999 Honolulu shootings or the Xerox murders were an incident of mass murder that occurred on November 2, 1999, in a Xerox Corporation building in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.  Service technician Byran Koji Uyesugi shot at eight people, wounding seven fatally (six co-workers and his supervisor). This was the worst workplace shooting in the history of Hawaii.
Adventist Health Glendale
Adventist Health Glendale is a non-profit hospital campus in Glendale, California, United States, that is owned by Adventist Health. Adventist Health Glendale, located on Wilson Terrace, near California State Route 2 and California State Route 134, is one of the city's oldest businesses, founded in 1905, a year before Glendale was incorporated as a city. It was then known as Glendale Sanitarium, and it occupied the former Glendale Hotel, a 75-room Victorian structure on what is now Broadway Avenue.

Adventist Health
Adventist Health System West, also known as Adventist Health System/West doing business as Adventist Health is a nonprofit organization affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church headquartered in Roseville, California, that operates facilities in 3 states across the Western United States.
Quantization (linguistics)
In formal semantics, a predicate is quantized if it being true of an entity requires that it is not true of any proper subparts of that entity. For example, if something is an "apple", then no proper subpart of that thing is an "apple". If something is "water", then many of its subparts will also be "water". Hence, the predicate "apple" is quantized, while "water" is not.

Formally, a quantization predicate QUA can be defined as follows, where  is the universe of discourse,  is a variable over sets, and  is a mereological part structure on  with  the mereological part-of relation:

Quantization was first proposed by Manfred Krifka as part of his mereological approach to the semantics of nominals. It has since been applied to other phenomena such as telicity.

Domain of discourse
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse or universe of discourse (borrowing from the mathematical concept of universe) is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some formal treatment may range.

It is also defined as the collection of objects being discussed in a specific discourse.
In model-theoretical semantics, a universe of discourse is the set of entities that a model is based on.

The domain of discourse is usually identified in the preliminaries, so that there is no need in the further treatment to specify each time the range of the relevant variables. Many logicians distinguish, sometimes only tacitly, between the domain of a science and the universe of discourse of a formalization of the science.

In mathematics, the concept is distinguished from a universe, which is some set internal to a set theory, whereas a domain of discourse is metamathematical, allowing one to speak of the universe of sets or collection of all classes in a formal way.
Sturisomatichthys varii
Sturisomatichthys varii is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the San Juan River basin in Colombia. The species was described in 2019 by Alejandro Londoño-Burbano (of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and Roberto E. Reis (of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus Sturisomatichthys.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Princess (food)
Princesses (Bulgarian: Принцеси) are Bulgarian open-faced baked sandwiches prepared with minced meat, often eaten for breakfast and sold as fast food.  When prepared at home, princesses are usually bread-slice-sized and baked in an oven or an electric grill, but the fast-food version is longer, made from a whole bread that has been sliced through its longitude resulting in a loaf-sized sandwich that may or may not be baked on a charcoal barbecue grill. There may or may not be kashkaval (yellow cheese) on top of the sandwich and people often garnish a princess with mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard or ljutenica, depending on their taste.

Other open-faced baked sandwiches are also sometimes called princesses in Bulgaria, such as princesses with eggs and sirene, or princesses with kashkaval or kashkaval and ham.

Some people call meat princesses, especially the long ones that are barbecued, strandjanki.

Lyutenitsa
Lyutenitsa, ljutenica, lütenitsa or lutenica (Bulgarian: лютеница, Serbian: љутеница, Macedonian: лутеница, lyuto, ljuto or luto, Bulgarian: люто, Serbian: љуто, Macedonian: луто,  Turkish: lütenitsa), meaning "spicy", is a (sometimes spicy hot) vegetable relish or chutney in Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Turkish cuisines.

The ingredients include peppers, aubergines, carrots, garlic, vegetable oil, sugar, salt, tomatoes and walnut. It comes in many varieties: smooth; chunky; with chili peppers or eggplant; and hot or mild.

In recent years, industrial production of lyutenitsa and ajvar has flourished. Large-scale production of both relishes has popularized them outside the Balkans.
Tritonicula wellsi
Tritonicula wellsi, the sea whip slug, is a species of nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae. The type locality is Beaufort, North Carolina. A number of Caribbean and western Pacific species of Tritonia were moved to a new genus Tritonicula in  2020 as a result of an integrative taxonomic study of the family Tritoniidae.

Tritoniidae
Tritoniidae is a taxonomic family of nudibranchs in the suborder Cladobranchia, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs. This family includes some of the largest known nudibranchs, with the NE Atlantic species Tritonia hombergii reaching 20 cm in length. It is the only family in the monotypic superfamily Tritonioidea.
INTOSAI Development Initiative
The INTOSAI Development Initiative is a body of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) which supports capacity development of supreme audit institutions (SAIs) in developing countries. Founded in 1986, the organization was headquartered in Canada until 2001, when it moved to Norway. It is currently hosted by the Office of the Auditor General of Norway.

Office of the Auditor General of Norway
The Office of the Auditor General of Norway (Norwegian: Riksrevisjonen) is the state auditor of the Government of Norway and directly subordinate of the Parliament of Norway. It is responsible for auditing, monitoring and advising all state economic activities, including financial audits, performance audits and corporate control. Located in Oslo, it is led by a board of five auditors general elected for four years and from 2014 it has been led by Per-Kristian Foss. It is regulated by the Auditor General Act of June 1, 2005.

The office has about 460 employees, mostly recruited among economists, lawyers and social scientists.
Lan Nai Wan
Lan Nai Wan (Chinese: 爛泥灣), or Man Yee Wan (萬宜灣), was a bay in Sai Kung Peninsula, Sai Kung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is now part of the High Island Reservoir. There was once a village called Lan Nai Wan Village (爛泥灣村) or Man Yee Wan Village (萬宜灣村) on the bay.

In the 1970s, the Hong Kong government decided to construct a reservoir (High Island Reservoir) in the bay and ten of the surrounding villages, including Lan Nai Wan, Pak Tam Chung and Sha Tsui, were submerged by rising water or fell within the catchment area of the reservoir after construction. The villagers were then relocated to areas near Sai Kung Old Town and Sai Kung Public Pier.

Sai Kung District
Sai Kung District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula, the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Kowloon. Areas in the district include Sai Kung Town, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark, Tseung Kwan O and over 70 islands of different sizes. The administrative centre had been located in Sai Kung Town until the Sai Kung District Office was relocated to Tseung Kwan O recently. The district's population is concentrated in Tseung Kwan O, as of 2011. In 2011, the district was the third youngest district, with a median age of 39.3. Known as the "back garden of Hong Kong", Sai Kung has been able to retain its natural scenery. Many traditional customs and cultures are still retained in the rural villages.
Qarajalu, Urmia
Qarajalu (Persian: قراجلو, also Romanized as Qarājalū; also known as Qarah Jahlū) is a village in Bakeshluchay Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 17 families.

Bakeshluchay Rural District
Bakeshluchay Rural District (Persian: دهستان بکشلوچای) is in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Emamzadeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kashtiban.
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on August 5, 1936. Thirty-one athletes from 17 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by Ken Carpenter of the United States. It was the nation's fourth consecutive, and seventh overall, victory in the men's discus throw; it was also the second consecutive Games that the Americans finished with both of the top two places, as Gordon Dunn took silver. Giorgio Oberweger earned Italy's first men's discus throw medal with his bronze.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, 29 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 6 for women. The program of events was unchanged from the previous Games.  There was a total of 776 participants from 43 countries competing.
Jingpho–Luish languages
The Jingpho-Luish, Jingpho-Asakian, Kachin–Luic, or Kachinic languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages belonging to the Sal branch. They are spoken in northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar, and consist of the Jingpho (also known as Kachin) language and the Luish (a.k.a. Asakian) languages Sak, Kadu, Ganan, Andro, Sengmai, and Chairel. Ethnologue and Glottolog include the extinct or nearly extinct Taman language in the Jingpo branch, but Huziwara (2016) considers it to be unclassified within Tibeto-Burman.

James Matisoff (2013) provides phonological and lexical evidence in support of the Jingpho-Asakian (Jingpho–Luish) grouping, dividing it into two subgroups, namely Jingphoic and Asakian. Proto-Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara (2012) and Matisoff (2013).

Jingpho–Luish languages contain many sesquisyllables.

Taman language (Myanmar)
Taman is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was spoken in Htamanthi village in Homalin Township, Sagaing Region, northern Myanmar. It was documented in a list of 75 words in Brown (1911). Keisuke Huziwara (2016) discovered an elderly rememberer of Taman in Htamanthi who could remember some Taman phrases as well as a short song, but was not fluent in the Taman language. However, no fluent speakers of Taman remained in the area.
2023 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball season
The 2023 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball season was the baseball season for the Atlantic 10 Conference as part of the 2023 NCAA Division I baseball season. The conference tournament took place May 23–27 at The Diamond in Richmond, Virginia, hosted by VCU.

The Diamond (Richmond, Virginia)
The Diamond is a baseball stadium located in Richmond, Virginia, USA, on Arthur Ashe Boulevard. It is the home of Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Eastern League and the Virginia Commonwealth University baseball team. From 1985 to 2008, it was the home of the Richmond Braves, the Triple-A minor league baseball affiliate of the Atlanta Braves. The Diamond seats 12,134 people for baseball; however, for Flying Squirrels games, advertising banners cover up the top rows of the upper deck, reducing seating capacity to 9,560.
Cahokia people
The Cahokia (Miami-Illinois: Kahokiaki) were an Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe and member of the Illinois Confederation; their territory was in what is now the Midwestern United States in North America.

At the time of European contact with the Illini or Illinois Confederation, the peoples were located in what would later be organized as the states of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas. In the 17th century, the Cahokia lived near the massive precontact earthwork complex that Americans named the Cahokia Mounds. By then, the Cahokia Mounds had been abandoned for centuries. The Cahokia people were not related to the residents of the Cahokia Mounds, who were most likely Dhegiha Siouan-speaking peoples.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Passive binding
In complexation catalysis, the term passive binding refers to any stabilizing interaction that is equally strong at the transition state level and in the reactant-catalyst complex.

Having the same effect on the stability of the transition state and the reactant-catalyst complex, passive binding contributes to acceleration only if the equilibrium between the unassociated reactant and catalyst and their complex is not completely shifted to the right. It was defined by A.J. Kirby in 1996 as opposed to the dynamic binding, i.e. the whole of interactions that are stronger at the transition state level than in the reactant-catalyst complex.

Transition state
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate.  It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.

As an example, the transition state shown below occurs during the SN2 reaction of bromoethane with a hydroxide anion:

The activated complex of a reaction can refer to either the transition state or to other states along the reaction coordinate between reactants and products, especially those close to the transition state.

According to the transition state theory, once the reactants have passed through the transition state configuration, they always continue to form products.
Tanjung Puting
Tanjung Puting National Park is a national park in Indonesia located in the southeast part of West Kotawaringin Regency in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan (Central Borneo).  The nearest main town is the capital of the Regency, Pangkalan Bun.  The park is famous for its orangutan conservation.

West Kotawaringin Regency
West Kotawaringin Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. It originally comprised the whole western part of the province, having been split from a single Kotawaringin Regency on 26 June 1959 into separate regencies for West and East Kotawaringin, but on 10 April 2002 the most westerly districts of West Kotawaringin were split off to form the new Lamandau Regency and Sukamara Regency. The residual West Kotawaringin Regency has a land area of about 10,759 km2, and its population  was 235,803 at the 2010 Census and 270,388 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 282,790 (comprising 146,120 males and 136,670 females). The large town of Pangkalan Bun in Arut Selatan District is the capital of West Kotawaringin Regency.
How and Why Wonder Books
How and Why Wonder Books were a series of American illustrated books published in the 1960s and 1970s that were designed to teach science and history to children and young teenagers. The series began in 1960 and was edited under the supervision of Paul E. Blackwood of the Office of Education at the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The series was published by Wonder Books, Inc., a division of Grosset & Dunlap.

Transworld (publisher)
Transworld is a British publishing house in Ealing, London that is a division of Penguin Random House, one of the world's largest mass media groups. It was established in 1950 as the British division of American company Bantam Books. It publishes fiction and nonfiction titles by various best-selling authors including Val Wood under several different imprints. Hardbacks are published under the Doubleday imprint, whereas paperbacks are published under the Black Swan or Corgi imprint. The Bantam Press imprint publishes both Hardbacks and Prestige softcovers.
No. 34 Expeditionary Air Wing
No. 34 Expeditionary Air Wing is a deployable Expeditionary Air Wing of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire, England, UK.

The current wing was established on 1 April 2006 the unit has history dating back to September 1917.

Expeditionary Air Wing
On 1 April 2006 Expeditionary Air Wings (EAWs) were formed at nine of the RAF's Main Operating Bases. Each EAW has its own identity and is led by the Station Commander, supported by their Station management team. The deployable elements of the station structures form the core of each EAW, reinforced by  elements of the Air Combat Service Support Units (ACSSUs). Flying and Force Protection force elements are attached to meet the requirements of each operation.  EAWs enable the RAF to train as cohesive air power units which are prepared and capable of transitioning quickly from peacetime structures and deploying swiftly on operations in tailored packages.
Edward McFadden
Edward McFadden (1862–1922) was an Irish nationalist lawyer and politician from Letterkenny in County Donegal. Educated at St Eunan's Seminary in Letterkenny, and at the Catholic University of Ireland, he served as solicitor to Letterkenny Urban Rural and Milford Rural District Councils, and to Donegal District Lunatic Asylum, and as coroner for the Kilmacrenan Division of County Donegal.

He was the chairman of Donegal County Council from 1899 to 1902, chairman of Letterkenny Urban Council 1898-1903.

He was Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

He was elected as the Irish Parliamentary Party MP for the East Donegal constituency at the 1900 general election. He did not contest the 1906 general election.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Demographics of Luton
Luton, Bedfordshire, England is an ethnically and culturally diverse town of 203,201 people. It's primarily urban, with a population density of 4,696/km2 (12,160/sq mi). Luton has seen several waves of immigration. In the early part of the 20th century, there was immigration of Irish and Scottish people to the town. These were followed by Afro-Caribbean and Asian immigrants. More recently immigrants from other European Union countries have made Luton their home. As a result of this Luton has a diverse ethnic mix, with a significant population of Asian descent, mainly Pakistani 29,353 (14.4%) and Bangladeshi 13,606 (6.7%).

Since the 2011 census, Luton has had a white British population less than 50%, one of three towns in the United Kingdom along with Leicester and Slough. Luton has a majority white population, when non-British white people such as the Irish and Eastern Europeans are included. Identity wise, 81% of the population of Luton define themselves as British of any race.

Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)
Mixed is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially, it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of two or more races or ethnic backgrounds. The Mixed or Multiple ethnic group numbered just under 1.8 million in the 2021 United Kingdom census or 2.7% of the total UK population.