hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Battalion, 24th Marines
1st Battalion, 24th Marines (1/24) is a reserve infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps located throughout Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana consisting of approximately 1,000 Marines and sailors.  Nicknamed Terror from the North, the battalion is attached to the 25th Marine Regiment of the 4th Marine Division.

4th Marine Division (United States)
The 4th Marine Division is a reserve division in the United States Marine Corps. It was raised in 1943 for service during World War II, and subsequently fought in the Pacific against the Japanese. Deactivated after the war, the division was re-formed in 1966 and elements of the division deployed during the Gulf War in 1990–1991, as well as during the Iraq War. It is currently the ground combat element of the Marine Forces Reserve and is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, and has units throughout the United States.
Troy Gas Light Company
The Troy Gas Light Company was a gas lighting company in Troy, New York, United States. The Troy Gasholder Building is one of only ten or so remaining examples of a type of building that was common in Northeastern urban areas during the 19th century. It was designed by Frederick A. Sabbaton, a prominent gas engineer in New York State. Originally sheltering a telescoping iron storage tank for coal gas, the brick gasholder house is an imposing structure from a significant period in the history of Troy. For twenty-seven years the company held a monopoly on the manufacture of illuminating gas in the city.

Gasworks
A gasworks or gas house is fundamentally a scalable (by output quantity) flammable Gas Producer/generator whose size depends on the scale of the gas distribution system it supports.

Coal-based town gas production was generally displaced by petroleum-based gas and natural gas. However, Great Britain continued her use of coal-based town gas until the North Sea natural gas discoveries in the 1960s and 1970s. Many of these have been made redundant in the developed world by the use of natural gas, though they are still used for storage space.
Doulu Ge
Doulu Ge (Chinese: 豆盧革; died August 24, 927?) was an official of China's Former Jin and Later Tang dynasties. He served as a chancellor during the reigns of the Later Tang's first two emperors Li Cunxu (Emperor Zhuangzong) and Li Siyuan (Emperor Mingzong). As a chancellor commissioned by Li Cunxu, he did not fit in with the officials trusted by Li Siyuan, and was eventually exiled and forced to commit suicide.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
OLIT
OLIT (OPEN LOOK Intrinsics Toolkit
) is a widget toolkit from Sun Microsystems introduced in 1988, providing an OPEN LOOK user interface for X Window System applications. It provides an Xt application programming interface for the C programming language, providing an easy way for those familiar with Xt programming to implement the OPEN LOOK look and feel.

OLIT became obsolete when Sun abandoned OPEN LOOK as part of the UNIX industry's COSE initiative, in favor of Motif (the basis of CDE), which in turn was later superseded by GTK (the basis of GNOME).

Common Desktop Environment
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard, and was for a long time the Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. It helped to influence early implementations of successor projects such as KDE and GNOME, which largely replaced CDE following the turn of the century.

After a long history as proprietary software, CDE was released as free software on August 6, 2012, under the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.0 or later. Since its release as free software, CDE has been ported to Linux and BSD derivatives.
Yedapadavu
Yedapadavu is a former village (township) in Mangalore taluk, Karnataka, India, that was divided into Badagayedapadavu (North Yedapadavu) and Tenkayedapadavu (South Yedapadavu). Yedapadavu now gives its name, as "Yedapadav" to the gram panchayat for those two villages. The village of Tenkayedapadavu is the main village for the gram panchayat, and is sometimes called "Yedapadavu". Yedapadavu was affected by the 2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka. The gram panchayat is about 21 km northeast of the city of Mangalore, connected via NH 169 (formerly NH 13).bh

Mangaluru taluk
Mangaluru taluk is a taluk (subdistrict) in the Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka on the western coast of India. Mangaluru is the administrative headquarters of the taluk. It is made up of Mangaluru City Corporation, Ullal City Municipal Council that govern the Mangaluru Urban Agglomeration, Other than these there are forty-nine panchayat villages  in Mangalore taluk. It covers an area of 834 square kilometres (322 sq mi). Mangaluru, Ullal and Moodabidri are the top  3 highly populated towns.
Michael K. Noonan
Michael K. Noonan was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician who sat as a Teachta Dála (TD) in Dáil Éireann in the 1920s.

He was elected to the 4th Dáil at a by-election on 18 November 1924 for the Cork East constituency, following the death of Cumann na nGaedheal TD Thomas O'Mahony. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election and did not stand again.

4th Dáil
The 4th Dáil was elected at the 1923 general election on 27 August 1923 and met on 19 September 1923. The members of Dáil Éireann, the House of Representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of the Irish Free State, are known as TDs. It was one of two houses of the Oireachtas, sitting with the First Seanad constituted as the 1922 Seanad and the 1925 Seanad. Although Cumann na nGaedheal did not have a majority it was able to govern due to the absence of Republicans (Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin) who refused to attend.

The 4th Dáil was dissolved by Governor-General Tim Healy on 23 May 1927, at the request of the President of the Executive Council W. T. Cosgrave. The 4th Dáil lasted 3 years, 246 days.
Halachot Gedolot
Halachoth Gedoloth (lit. great halachoth) is a work on Jewish law dating from the Geonic period. It exists in several different recensions, and there are sharply divergent views on its authorship, though the dominant opinion attributes it to Simeon Kayyara.

Abraham Epstein
Abraham Epstein (Hebrew: אברהם עפשטיין; born 19 December 1841) was a Russo-Austrian rabbinical scholar born in Staro Constantinov, Volhynia.

Epstein diligently studied the works of Isaac Baer Levinsohn, Nachman Krochmal, and S. D. Luzzatto, and when he traveled in western Europe for the first time in 1861, he made the acquaintance of J.L. Rapoport, Z. Frankel, and Michael Sachs. After his father's death in 1874 (see Israel Epstein's biography in Ha-Shaḥar, vi.699-708) Epstein took charge of his extensive business interests, but gradually wound up all his affairs, and from 1884 devoted most of his time to travel and study. He settled in Vienna in 1876 and became an Austrian subject. He was the possessor of a large library which contained many valuable manuscripts.
1999 Warsaw Cup by Heros
The 1999 Warsaw Cup by Heros was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Warsaw, Poland that was part of Tier IVb of the 1999 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 3 May until 9 May 1999. Cristina Torrens Valero won the singles title.

1999 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Military Question
The Military Question was a series of incidents between officers of the Imperial Brazilian Army and civilian authorities of the Empire of Brazil that occurred between 1884 and 1887. This clash between military and civilians worsened the empire's political crisis and gave new impetus to the republican movement in the country. Just like abolitionism and the Religious Issue, the so-called military question contributed to the crisis of the imperial regime in Brazil, culminating in the proclamation of the republic in 1889.

Imperial Brazilian Army
The Imperial Brazilian Army (Portuguese: Exército Imperial Brasileiro) was the name given to the land force of the Empire of Brazil. The Brazilian Army was formed after the independence of the country from Portugal in 1822 and reformed in 1889, after the republican coup d'état that created the First Brazilian Republic, a dictatorship headed by the army.
Bauka, California
Bauka (also, Bogas, Boka, and Booku) is a former Maidu settlement in Butte County, California, United States. It was located near Gridley on the right bank of the Feather River; its precise location is unknown.

Gridley, California
Gridley is a city in Butte County, California, United States, 29 miles (47 kilometers) south of Chico, California, and 56 miles (90 kilometers) north of Sacramento, California. The population as of April 1, 2020, is 7,421. California State Route 99 runs through Gridley and Interstate 5 and California State Route 70 are both nearby.
Duchess Therese Petrovna of Oldenburg
Duchess Therese Wilhelmine Olga Friederike of Oldenburg (30 March 1852 – 19 April 1883) was the youngest daughter of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
2003 Bausch & Lomb Championships
The 2003 Bausch & Lomb Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and was held from April 14 through April 20, 2003. Elena Dementieva won the singles title, her first at WTA level, and earned $93,000 first-prize money.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Buvika
Buvika is a village in Skaun Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at the end of the Gaulosen, an arm of the Trondheimsfjord, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southwest of the mouth of the Gaula River. Buvika lies along the European route E39, about halfway between the villages of Børsa and Nypan/Klett. Buvik Church is located in the village.

The western part of the village of Buvika is called Ilhaugen. Together, the 1.48-square-kilometre (370-acre) village area has a population (2024) of 3,193 and a population density of 2,157 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,590/sq mi).

Klett (Norway)
Klett is a small village in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located in the borough of Heimdal and it is considered a part of the larger village of Nypan by Statistics Norway. The village of Tiller lies to the northeast, the Byneset area lies to the west, and the village of Melhus lies to the south. Most of the area surrounding the village is farmland.
Prapreče pri Trebnjem
Prapreče pri Trebnjem (pronounced [ˈpɾaːpɾɛtʃɛ pɾi ˈtɾeːbnjɛm], German: Prapretsche) is a former village in eastern Slovenia in the Municipality of Trebnje. It is now part of the town of Trebnje. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Trebnje
Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾéːbnjɛ] ⓘ, German: Treffen) is a town in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the Temenica River in the traditional region of Lower Carniola, and is the seat of the Municipality of Trebnje.

The area was already settled in Antiquity. The modern settlement developed on the main regional road and railway line from Ljubljana to Novo Mesto. The old town center with the parish church stands slightly raised on the left bank of Temenica River, and the new part extends to the north from the railway line and the regional road toward Novo Mesto.
Kajsa Arwefjäll
Kajsa Arwefjäll (born 20 June 2000) is a Swedish professional golfer on the Ladies European Tour and former world champion rope skipper. She was the 2024 LET Access Series Order of Merit and Rookie of the Year winner.

2022 Arnold Palmer Cup
The 2022 Arnold Palmer Cup was a team golf competition to be held from 1–3 July 2022 at Golf Club de Genève, Vandœuvres, Switzerland. It was the 26th time the event had been contested and the fifth under the new format in which women golfers play in addition to men, and the United States plays an international team. The international team won the match 33–27.
Hořava–Witten theory
In theoretical physics, the Hořava–Witten theory argues that the cancellation of anomalies guarantees that a supersymmetric gauge theory with the E8 gauge group propagates on a type of domain wall. This domain wall, a Hořava–Witten domain wall, behaves as a boundary of the eleven-dimensional spacetime in M-theory. Proposed by Petr Hořava and Edward Witten, the theory is important for various relations between M-theory and superstring theory.

Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.

'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity.

Since the second superstring revolution, the five superstring theories (Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB, HO and HE) are regarded as different limits of a single theory tentatively called M-theory.
Shot-on-video film
A shot-on-video (SOV) film, also known as a shot-on-VHS film or a camcorder film, is a film shot using camcorders and consumer-grade equipment, as opposed to film stock or high-end digital movie cameras.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
British Society for Parasitology
The British Society for Parasitology is a UK-based organisation of British parasitologists. It was founded in April 1962 from the Parasitological Section of the Institute of Biology. The initial goals of the society were to hold two meetings yearly: a residential meeting in the spring, and a specialist symposium in the autumn. As of 2012, the society has over 1500 members, about a third of whom are from overseas locations. The society is affiliated to the Royal Society of Biology

Royal Society of Biology
The Royal Society of Biology (RSB), previously called the Society of Biology, is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom created to advance the interests of biology in academia, industry, education, and research. Formed in 2009 by the merger of the Biosciences Federation and the Institute of Biology, the society has more than 20,000 individual members, and almost 100 Member Organisations. In addition to engaging the public on matters related to the life sciences, the Society seeks to develop the profession and to guide the development of related policies.

Individual Membership is open to both professional biologists and non-professional individuals with an interest in the life sciences, reflecting the Society’s inclusive and diverse community.
Snow grains
Snow grains are a form of precipitation. Snow grains are characterized as very small (<1 mm), white, opaque grains of ice that are fairly flat or elongated. 
Unlike snow pellets, snow grains do not bounce or break up on impact. Usually, very small amounts fall, mostly from stratus clouds or fog, and never fall in the form of a shower.

The METAR code for snow grains is SG.

Fog
Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals held in the air  near the Earth's surface. Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog affects many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare.

Fog appears when water vapor (water in its gaseous form) condenses. During condensation, molecules of water vapor combine to make tiny water droplets that hang in the air. Sea fog, which shows up near bodies of saline water, is formed as water vapor condenses on bits of salt. Fog is similar to, but less transparent than, mist.
Allocnemis abbotti
Allocnemis abbotti, formerly Chlorocnemis abbotti, is a species of white-legged damselfly in the family Platycnemididae. It is found in Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, and freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The IUCN conservation status of Allocnemis abbotti is "NT", near threatened. The species may be considered threatened in the near future. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2010.

Platycnemididae
The Platycnemididae are a family of damselflies.
They are known commonly as white-legged damselflies. There are over 400 species native to the Old World. The family is divided into several subfamilies.
Oddense
Oddense is a village, with a population of 582 (1 January 2025), in Skive Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated on the Salling peninsula 12 km northwest of Skive and 6 km northeast of Balling.

Oddense Church is loacated in the village.

Balling, Denmark
Balling is a town, with a population of 1,154 (1 January 2025), in Skive Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated on the Salling peninsula 34 km northeast of Holstebro and 12 km northwest of Skive.

Balling Church is located north of the town. It is built of ashlar and consist of a Romanesque chancel and nave with three extensions.
David Wallace (rugby union)
David Peter Wallace (born 8 July 1976) is an Irish retired rugby union player, who played for Munster, Ireland and the British & Irish Lions. He normally played as an openside flanker, but could also play blindside flanker and number 8.

2005–06 Heineken Cup
The 2005–06 Heineken Cup was the eleventh edition of the European Heineken Cup rugby union club tournament. 24 teams from 7 countries took part, with the opening game played on Friday October 21, 2005. Munster won the tournament, beating Biarritz in the final held at Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, on 20 May 2006.

The teams were divided into six pools of four, in which teams played home and away matches against each other. The winners of the pools, together with the two best runners-up, qualified for the knock-out stage.
Bosco da Silva
João Bosco Quevado da Silva (8 March 1937 – 27 May 2013) was a Macau-born Hong Kong field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

da Silva attended school at Pedro Nolasco Commercial School and emigrated to Hong Kong in 1956, where he worked for HSBC before turning his hobby for hockey into a full-time job.

Pedro Nolasco da Silva
Pedro Nolasco da Silva CvC (Chinese: 伯多祿·諾拉斯庫·施利華; 6 May 1842 – 12 October 1912) was a Macanese interpreter-translator, teacher, civil servant, writer, journalist and politician. Amongst other important positions, he was President of the Municipal Council of Macau (Portuguese: Leal Senado; Chinese: 澳門市政廳), founding partner and president of the Association Promoting the Instruction of Macanese (Portuguese: Associação Promotora da Instrução dos Macaenses, APIM), founder and director of the Pedro Nolasco Commercial School (Portuguese: Escola Comercial Pedro Nolasco), head of the Repartição Tecnica de Expediente Sínico de Macau (transl. Chinese Bureau Technical Department) and patron of the Holy House of Mercy (Portuguese: Santa Casa da Misericórdia; Chinese: 仁慈堂大樓) of Macau.
Wilford C. Wood
Wilford C. Wood (May 22, 1893 – January 17, 1968), was an American businessman and prominent member of the Latter Day Saint movement who was responsible for acquiring many of the historic sites of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), including the Nauvoo Temple, Liberty Jail, and Adam-ondi-Ahman.

After serving an LDS Church mission in the Northern States Mission for almost four years, Wood gained success in the fur business and frequently visited New York City. During those trips, he would visit historic sites, including locations in New York State, Ohio, and Missouri.

Liberty Jail
Liberty Jail is a historical jail in Liberty, Missouri, United States, which served as the county jail of Clay County, Missouri between December 1834 and 1853.
The jail is known in Latter Day Saint movement due to the imprisonment of its founder, Joseph Smith, and some of his associates during the 1838 Mormon War.

The location is now a visitors’ center operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and includes an indoor cut-away reconstruction of the jail on its original site, at 216 North Main.