hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jogeswar Singha
Jogeswar Singha was installed as the king of Ahom kingdom in 1821 CE, by the Burmese. He was more or less a puppet in the hands of the Burmese, who held the real power of administration. His reign witnessed Burmese atrocities on the people of Assam and the attempts made by Chandrakanta Singha and Purandar Singha to expel Burmese invaders. Historians dispute regarding the date of his deposition from the throne, as some historians claimed that he was deposed by his Burmese masters, after they secured complete victory over the forces of Chandrakanta Singha in 1822 CE, while some sources claimed that he remained as a puppet ruler till termination of Burmese rule in Assam by British East India Company, in 1825 CE, during First Anglo-Burmese War.

Maha Bandula
General Maha Bandula (Burmese: မဟာဗန္ဓုလ [məhà bàɰ̃dṵla̰]; 6 November 1782 – 1 April 1825) was commander-in-chief of the Royal Burmese Armed Forces from 1821 until his death in 1825 in the First Anglo-Burmese War. Bandula was a key figure in the Konbaung dynasty's policy of expansionism in Manipur and Assam that ultimately resulted in the war and the beginning of the downfall of the dynasty and the end of Burmese independence. Nonetheless, the general, who died in action, is celebrated as a national hero by the Burmese for his resistance to the British. Today, some of the most prominent places in the country are named after him.
2026 Phan Thiết Challenger
The 2026 Phan Thiết Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2026 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Phan Thiết, Vietnam between 19 and 25 January 2026.

2026 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2026 is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2026 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 156 tournaments (as of 3 August 2026), with prize money ranging from $63,000 up to $300,000. It is the 49th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle, and 18th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Pravdino, Vyborgsky District
60°33′N 29°34′E﻿ / ﻿60.550°N 29.567°E﻿ / 60.550; 29.567

Pravdino (Russian: Пра́вдино; Finnish: Kirkkoranta or Muolaa) is a settlement located on the Karelian Isthmus, in the Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast. Prior to the Winter War and the Continuation War, it served as the administrative center of the Muolaa municipality in the Viipuri Province of Finland.

Before the Winter War, Muolaa was divided into two separate municipalities, Äyräpää and Muolaa.

In Pravdino, there was once the State demesne and manor of Målagård, the place of origin and seat from 1606 to 1704 for the Swedish noble family Hästesko af Målagård, who were ennobled in 1602. It is unknown whether anything remains of Målagård today. The noble family Hästesko af Målagård continues to exist only in France.

Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast
Vyborgsky District (Russian: Вы́боргский райо́н, romanized: Výborgskiy raión, IPA: [ˈvɨbərkskʲɪj rɐˈjɵn]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast on the Karelian Isthmus and borders with Priozersky District in the northeast, Vsevolozhsky District in the east, Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the south, Kymenlaakso and South Karelia regions of Finland in the northwest, and Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the north. From the southwest, the district is limited by the Gulf of Finland. The area of the district is 7,475.472 square kilometers (2,886.296 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vyborg. Population (excluding the administrative center): 120,446 (2010 Census); 113,748 (2002 Census); 108,571 (1989 Soviet census).
Anesthetic
An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ⁠— ⁠in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. They may be divided into two broad classes: general anesthetics, which result in a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of sensation for a limited region of the body without necessarily affecting consciousness.

A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice.  Many are rarely used outside anesthesiology, but others are used commonly in various fields of healthcare. Combinations of anesthetics are sometimes used for their synergistic and additive therapeutic effects. Adverse effects, however, may also be increased.  Anesthetics are distinct from analgesics, which block only sensation of painful stimuli. Analgesics are typically used in conjunction with anesthetics to control pre-, intra-, and postoperative pain.

Tetracaine
Tetracaine, also known as amethocaine, is an ester local anesthetic used to numb the eyes, nose, or throat. It may also be applied to the skin before starting intravenous therapy to decrease pain from the procedure. Typically it is applied as a liquid to the area. Onset of effects when used in the eyes is within 30 seconds and last for less than 15 minutes.

Common side effects include a brief period of burning at the site of use. Allergic reactions may uncommonly occur. Long-term use is generally not recommended as it may slow healing of the eye. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Tetracaine is in the ester-type local anesthetic family of medications. It works by blocking the sending of nerve impulses.

Tetracaine was patented in 1930 and came into medical use in 1941. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
1981 Florida Federal Open
The 1981 Florida Federal Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the East Lake Woodlands Racquet Club in Tampa, Florida in the United States that was part of the Toyota Series circuit of the 1981 WTA Tour and classified as category 4. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from October 5 through October 11, 1981. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

1981 WTA Tour
The 1981 World Championship Series was the 9th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on January 4, 1981, and concluded on December 19, 1981, after 36 events. The  World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The year is divided into two sponsors with the first three months sponsored by Avon Series and the latter part by Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Shimoyoichi Unjōya
The Shimoyoichi Unjōya  (旧下ヨイチ運上家) was a trading post established in the Edo period by Matsumae Domain in the Irifune neighborhood of the town of Yoichi, Hokkaidō.  The building was designated an  Important Cultural Property in 1971   and surrounding grounds were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1973.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
El Cid: The Legend
El Cid: The Legend (Spanish: El Cid, la leyenda) is a 2003 Spanish animated film written and directed by José Pozo. It is  based on the story of  the 11th-century Castilian knight and warlord Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, better known as El Cid.

Álvar Fáñez
Álvar Fáñez (or Háñez; died April 1114) was a Leonese nobleman and military leader under Alfonso VI of León and Castile, becoming the nearly independent ruler of Toledo under Queen Urraca. He became the subject of legend, being transformed by the Poema de Mio Cid, Spain's national epic, into Álvar Fáñez Minaya, a loyal vassal and commander under Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid, during the latter's exile and his conquest of Valencia.
2024 Women's World Matchplay
The 2024 Betfred Women's World Matchplay was the third edition of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation. The tournament featured the top eight players on the 2024 PDC Women's Series Order of Merit, competing in a knockout format, with the winner earning a place in the 2024 Grand Slam of Darts and the 2025 PDC World Darts Championship. The tournament was held at the Winter Gardens in Blackpool on 21 July 2024.

Beau Greaves was the defending champion, defeating Mikuru Suzuki 6–1 in the 2023 final.

Greaves won her second Women's World Matchplay title, beating Fallon Sherrock 6–3 in the final.

2024 Grand Slam of Darts
The 2024 Grand Slam of Darts (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2024 Mr Vegas Grand Slam of Darts) was a professional darts tournament that was held at Aldersley Leisure Village in Wolverhampton, England from 9–17 November 2024. It was the eighteenth staging of the Grand Slam of Darts organised by the Professional Darts Corporation.

Luke Humphries was the defending champion, having defeated Rob Cross 16–8 in the 2023 final. He was eliminated in the group stage, after losing his first two matches. Michael van Gerwen was eliminated in the group stage for the first time since 2010, while 2022 champion Michael Smith was also unable to qualify from his group, meaning all former champions present at the tournament were eliminated before the knockout stage.

Luke Littler won the tournament, defeating Martin Lukeman 16–3 in the final for his first ranking major title.
1997–98 QMJHL season
The 1997–98 QMJHL season was the 29th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The Quebec Remparts name was revived after twelve years when the Beauport Harfangs changed identities. The QMJHL continued to grow in eastern markets, with an expansion team in Baie-Comeau and the relocating of the Granby Prédateurs to Cape Breton.

The league inaugurated the Philips Plaque, awarded to the player with the best faceoff percentage. The Ford Cups were renamed the Telus Cups, one each for the offensive and defensive players of the year.

Fifteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Quebec Remparts finished first overall in the regular season winning their first Jean Rougeau Trophy, since the original name was revived. The Val-d'Or Foreurs won their first President's Cup, defeating the Rimouski Océanic in the finals.

Val-d'Or Foreurs
The Val-d'Or Foreurs are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Val-d'Or, in the region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec. They play in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League, one of the three component leagues of the Canadian Hockey League. The team name, Val-d'Or Foreurs, translates to the "Valley of Gold Drillers"; this name references the drilling operations associated with mining and exploration which are a major source of blue-collar work in the area. The Foreurs play their home games in the Centre Agnico Eagle.
Nevada Republican Party
The Nevada Republican Party is the affiliate of the Republican Party in Nevada. The organization has a history that goes back to 1864. The party currently controls Nevada's governorship, controllership, and lieutenant governorship, which are currently held by Joe Lombardo, Andy Matthews,  and Stavros Anthony respectively.

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
Distance of closest approach
The distance of closest approach of two objects is the distance between their centers when they are externally tangent. The objects may be geometric shapes or physical particles with well-defined boundaries.  The distance of closest approach is sometimes referred to as the contact distance.

For the simplest objects, spheres, the distance of closest approach is simply the sum of their radii.  For non-spherical objects, the distance of closest approach is a function of the orientation of the objects, and its calculation can be difficult.  The maximum packing density of hard particles, an important problem of ongoing interest, depends on their distance of closest approach.

The interactions of particles typically depend on their separation, and the distance of closest approach plays an important role in determining the behavior of condensed matter systems.

Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in  (pronounced "v-hat"). The term normalized vector is sometimes used as a synonym for unit vector.

The normalized vector û of a non-zero vector u is the unit vector in the direction of u, i.e.,

where ‖u‖ is the norm (or length) of u and .

The proof is the following:

A unit vector is often used to represent directions, such as normal directions.
Unit vectors are often chosen to form the basis of a vector space, and every vector in the space may be written as a linear combination form of unit vectors.
Gastón Gaudio
Gastón Norberto Gaudio (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡasˈtoŋ ˈɡawðjo]; born 9 December 1978) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. He won eight singles titles and achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 5 in April 2005. Gaudio's most significant championship came at the 2004 French Open, when he defeated fellow Argentine Guillermo Coria from two sets down in the final.

Àlex Corretja
Àlex Corretja Verdegay (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaləks kuˈrɛdʒə βəɾðəˈɣaj]; born 11 April 1974) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1999. Corretja won 17 ATP Tour singles titles, including the 1998 ATP World Tour Championships, and Masters titles at the 1997 Italian Open and 2000 Indian Wells Masters. He was twice a major runner-up at the French Open, in 1998 and 2001. Corretja played a key role in helping Spain win its first Davis Cup title in 2000. Corretja is one of only two players who are undefeated against Rafael Nadal after playing more than one match with him (the other being Dustin Brown), holding a 2–0 head-to-head record.

Post-retirement, Corretja became  Andy Murray's temporary coach for the duration of the 2008 clay-court season, resuming the role on a permanent basis between 2009 and 2011. In 2012 and 2013, he coached the Spanish Davis Cup team.
Lai da Curnera
Lai da Curnera is a reservoir on the river Rein da Curnera in the municipality of Tujetsch, in the Grisons, Switzerland. The reservoir is linked to Lai da Sontga Maria and Lai da Nalps in the neighboring valley. The lake's volume is 41.1 million cubic metres (33,300 acre⋅ft) and its surface area 81 ha (200 acres).

All surrounding rivers are diverted into the reservoir, among them the Rein da Tuma, coming from Lai da Tuma (Tomasee), near the Oberalp Pass and known as the source of the river Rhine. The Vorderrhein, or Anterior Rhine as the Rhine is called in this area, passes just about 2 kilometers north to the barrier of the lake. A multiday trekking route is signposted along the young Rhine called Senda Sursilvana, from where the barrier can be spotted easily.

Tujetsch
Tujetsch (Romansh pronunciation: [ˈtujətʃ] ⓘ; German: Tavetsch) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland. It is the westernmost municipality of the canton, connected to Urseren (canton of Uri) by the Oberalp Pass.
Ibrahim Afellay
Ibrahim Afellay (Arabic: إبراهيم أفيلاي; born 2 April 1986) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. He currently works for Dutch broadcaster NOS as a football pundit.

He played youth football at Elinkwijk before joining the PSV Eindhoven youth academy at age 10. After debuting in 2004, he represented PSV for eight seasons, helping them to four Eredivisie titles before moving to Barcelona for €3 million in January 2011. Rarely used by Barcelona and marred by injury, he was loaned to Schalke 04 and Olympiacos before signing for Stoke City in 2015. Afellay spent three seasons with Stoke before ending his career back at PSV.

Making his Netherlands national team debut in 2007, Afellay appeared at the 2010 World Cup, contributing to the Dutch side finishing in second place in the tournament. He was also present at Euro 2008 and Euro 2012, making over 50 appearances in total.

2004–05 KNVB Cup
The 2004-05 KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) was the 87th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 85 teams contested, beginning on 7 August 2004 and ending at the final on 29 May 2005.

PSV beat Willem II 4–0, winning the trophy for the eighth time.
RAF Carew Cheriton
Royal Air Force Carew Cheriton, or more simply RAF Carew Cheriton, is a former Royal Air Force station near Carew, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was 4.7 miles (7.6 km) north west of Tenby.

It covered, and was larger than, the site of the First World War airship station, RNAS Pembroke (aka Milton), which had been decommissioned and sold off by the Admiralty during the interwar period. It opened in the 1939, for RAF Coastal Command. The station was transferred to RAF Technical Training Command in 1942 and closed in 1945.

Maritime patrol
Maritime patrol or maritime reconnaissance is the task of monitoring areas of water. Generally conducted by military and law enforcement agencies, maritime patrol is usually aimed at identifying human activities.

Maritime patrol refers to active patrol of an area, as opposed to passive monitoring systems such as sound-detection fixtures or land-based spotters.  A patrol consists of a ship, submarine, aircraft or satellite examining the patrolled area and seeking out activities to be identified and reported.  Maritime patrol is critical in wartime situations for navies to locate enemy forces to engage or defend against.  Peacetime patrols are important for interdiction of criminal activities and for ensuring legal use of waters.

Maritime patrols can be conducted by surface ships and submarines, by aircraft (e.g. MPA) and other aerial vehicles, and even by satellites.  Human spotting remains an important part of detecting activity, but increasingly electronic systems are used.
Washington Outer Beltway
The Washington Outer Beltway was a proposed freeway that would have extended further out than the Capital Beltway and encircled Washington, D.C. through the states of Maryland and Virginia.  Most of the route was canceled in the 1980s. Parts of it have been built as the Fairfax County Parkway in Virginia, as well as Interstate 370 and the Intercounty Connector in Maryland.

Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.
Rocher Siyyan
Rocher Siyyan is a striking isolated white islet in the middle of the marshy bay to the west of Ras Siyyan peninsula. It is situated off the coast of Djibouti, in the Bab-el-Mandeb strait between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The rock belongs to Djibouti's Obock District.

Rocher Siyyan is located about 800 m southwest from the volcanic hill that is the northern tip of Ras Siyyan, and about 1500 m from the mainland's shoreline.

It is 55 meters long, up to 45 meters wide, and has an area of barely 2,000 square meters.

Bab-el-Mandeb
The Bab-el-Mandeb (Arabic: باب المندب, lit. 'Gate of Grief/Tears', Tigrinya: ባብ ኣል ማንዳብ) is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa, connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and by extension the Indian Ocean.
Henrich Krummedige
Henrich Krummedige (c. 1464 – 1530) was a Danish-Norwegian nobleman and a member of both the Norwegian and Danish National Councils (Rigsråd) and played an extensive role in the politics of the era. He served as commanding officer of the Bohus Fortress in Norway from 1489 to 1503.

Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria (Danish and Norwegian: Christoffer; Swedish: Kristofer; 26 February 1416 – 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440–48, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441–48) and Norway (1442–48) during the era of the Kalmar Union. He ruled after the Kalmar Union's King Erik of Pomerania was deposed. Early in his reign he put down two peasant rebellions in Funen and Jutland. He was disliked by the Swedish nobles, as they pointed to his inability to manage harvest failures and to stop Erik's plundering. They also questioned his foreign background.
Stroodorp
Stroodorp is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Noord-Beveland, and lies about 11 km northeast of Middelburg.

Stroodorp is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Kamperland. The hamlet consists of about 35 houses, but most are holiday homes, and only 6 are permanently inhabited.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1847 as Strooijedorp (Het), and means "straw village" after the straw covering of the temporary houses of the people who poldered the land.

Middelburg, Zeeland
Middelburg (Dutch: [ˈmɪdəlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren, Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland), it has a population of about 48,000.

In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at the early modern period. The town was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. The invention of the microscope and telescope is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey) in the late 16th century and early 17th century.