hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trident (missile)
The Trident missile is a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) equipped with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRV). Originally developed by Lockheed Missiles and Space Corporation, the missile is armed with thermonuclear warheads and is launched from nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). Trident missiles are carried by twelve United States Navy Ohio-class submarines, with American warheads, as well as four Royal Navy Vanguard-class submarines, with British warheads. The missile is named after the mythological trident of Neptune.

Vanguard-class submarine
The Vanguard class is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) in service with the Royal Navy. The class was introduced in 1994 as part of the Trident nuclear programme, and comprises four vessels: Vanguard, Victorious, Vigilant and Vengeance, built between 1986 and 1999 at Barrow-in-Furness by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, now owned by BAE Systems. All four boats are based at HM Naval Base Clyde (HMS Neptune), 40 km (25 mi) west of Glasgow, Scotland.

Since the decommissioning of the Royal Air Force WE.177 free-fall thermonuclear weapons during March 1998, the four Vanguard submarines are the sole platforms for the United Kingdom's nuclear weapons. Each submarine is armed with up to 16 UGM-133 Trident II missiles. The class is scheduled to be replaced starting in the early 2030s with the Dreadnought-class submarine.
Henry Hamilton (playwright)
Henry Hamilton (c. 1854 – 4 September 1918) was an English playwright, lyricist and actor. He is best remembered for his musical theatre libretti, including The Duchess of Dantzic (1903), The School Girl (1903), Véronique (1905) and The Little Michus (1907), often adapting foreign works for the British stage.

He began as an actor in 1873 but turned to writing plays in 1881 and was especially successful in the first decade of the 20th century. He was also the author of the popular song "Private Tommy Atkins" (1893). Away from his professional life, Hamilton studied theosophy.

Empire Leicester Square
The Empire, Leicester Square is a cinema currently operated by Cineworld on the north side of Leicester Square, London, England.

The Empire was originally built in 1884 as a variety theatre and was rebuilt for films in the 1920s. It is one of several cinemas in and adjoining Leicester Square which are regularly used for film premieres and first runs.

Today, it has nine auditoriums, including an IMAX, a Superscreen and a 4DX screen.
Robert Bolam
Sir Robert Alfred Bolam (1871 – 28 April 1939) was a British medical doctor, academic and British Army officer. He served as Chair of Council of the British Medical Association from 1920 to 1927. He was President of the British Association of Dermatologists 1933-34. He was Vice-Chancellor of Durham University from 1936 to 1937.

British Association of Dermatologists
The British Association of Dermatologists is a charity established in 1920 whose charitable objects are the practice, teaching, training, and research of dermatology.  It produces the British Journal of Dermatology, a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal and organises annual conferences.
Plagioscion
Plagioscion is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. They are found in tropical and subtropical South America where they inhabit fresh and brackish waters. Some species (notably P. squamosissimus and P. surinamensis) are important food fish and support major fisheries.

Depending on the exact species, they reach up to about 30–80 cm (1.0–2.6 ft) in length. In general, the various species are similar and are not easily separated by meristics or colour.

Plagioscion sometimes occur in schools. They are predators and the adults are essentially piscivorous. The largest in the genus, P. squamosissimus, mainly feeds on fish smaller than 15 cm (6 in), but may take ones up to about 60% of the length of the Plagioscion itself.

Although the family Sciaenidae primarily is marine, there are four genera with freshwater species in South America. In addition to Plagioscion, this is Pachypops, Pachyurus and Petilipinnis.

Petilipinnis
Petilipinnis is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. Its only species is Petilipinnis grunniens, a fish found in the drainage systems of the Amazon, Cuyuni and Essequibo Rivers in Guyana, eastern Venezuela and northern Brazil.
Storm Water Solutions
Storm Water Solutions (SWS) magazine, a supplement of Roads & Bridges and Water & Wastes Digest, is a magazine that was created by Scranton Gillette Communications, Inc. in 2005.

SWS reaches than 70,000 industry professionals across print and digital publication.

Roads & Bridges
Roads & Bridges magazine is a trade publication serving construction and maintenance professionals and heavy equipment manufacturers. The magazine was created by Scranton Gillette Communications in 1906. It provides industry news, information on relevant equipment and safety recommendations   and has been cited in studies of American infrastructure.
Roads & Bridges works with associations such as AASHTO, AEM, ESWP and Artba.  Content is distributed through print, online, live events, custom media, and webinars.

Roads & Bridges presents multiple annual awards and produces yearly Top 10 Roads  and Top 10 Bridges Lists.
As of July 2013, Roads & Bridges had 61,000 subscribers for its print edition.
World 10 Dance Champions
This page lists the official World Champions and the countries they represented in the Professional 10-Dance of the World Dance Council (WDC). The championships are authorized and organized under the auspices of the WDC.

The first World 10 Dance Championships took place in 1978 and has been held annually since they were organised by the ICBD in 1980. The ICBD was renamed WD&DSC and renamed again as the WDC. It represents all the major professional DanceSport countries.

The dances covered in the Ten Dance are the five International Ballroom (Standard) dances: waltz, foxtrot, quickstep, tango and Viennese waltz, along with the five International Latin Dances: rumba, samba, paso doble, cha-cha-cha and jive, as defined in ballroom dancing terms.

International standard waltz
Waltz is one of the five dances in the Standard (or Modern) category of the International Style ballroom dances. It was previously referred to as slow waltz or English waltz.

Waltz is usually the first dance in the dancesport competition rounds.  It is danced exclusively in the closed position, unlike its American Style counterpart.
Edmund Butler (bishop)
Edmund Butler (died 1551) was appointed as the Catholic Archbishop of Cashel in 1527. He was the illegitimate son of Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormonde. In 1539 he conformed to the reformed Church of Ireland retaining his temporalities.

Archbishop of Cashel
Christianity portal

Catholicism portal

The Archbishop of Cashel (Irish: Ard-Easpag Chaiseal Mumhan) was an archiepiscopal title which took its name after the town of Cashel, County Tipperary in Ireland. Following the Reformation, there had been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also held the title of Bishop of Emly. In the Catholic Church, it was superseded by the role of Archbishop of Cashel and Emly when the two dioceses were united in 2015 and in the Church of Ireland the title was downgraded to a bishopric in 1838.
Admiral (Royal Navy)
Admiral (Adm) is a senior rank of the Royal Navy, which equates to the NATO rank code OF-9, outranked only by the rank of admiral of the fleet. Royal Navy officers holding the ranks of rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. The rank of admiral is currently the highest rank to which a serving officer in the Royal Navy can be promoted, admiral of the fleet being in abeyance except for honorary promotions of retired officers and members of the royal family.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is general; and in the Royal Air Force, it is air chief marshal.

Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom (of England beginning in the 14th century, later of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800) is the title of the ceremonial head of the Royal Navy. Most have been courtiers or members of the British royal family, and not professional naval officers. The Lord High Admiral is one of the nine English Great Officers of State and since 2021 is held personally by the reigning monarch (currently King Charles III, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces).
Hermann Salza
Herman(n) Alexander von Salza (16 April 1885 Haapsalu, – 23 January 1946 Moscow) was an Estonian  rear admiral of Baltic-German descent.

In 1907, he graduated from a military marine school in St. Petersburg. He participated in WW I. In 1917, he was appointed to the commander of Russian battleship Petropavlovsk. In 1918, he moved to Estonia and joined the Estonian Defence Forces, becoming the chief of the Estonian Navy 1925–1932.

In 1934, he was awarded the Order of the Cross of the Eagle, II class.

In 1939, Salza left Estonia for Germany. In Germany, he was also given the rank of Rear Admiral, but did not enter the Kriegsmarine for actual military service. When World War II came to an end, Hermann Salza remained in the occupied territory of the Red Army because he did not want to leave his sick mother. He was arrested in April 1945 and taken to the USSR, where he died in the Butyrka prison in 1946.

Order of the Cross of the Eagle
The Order of the Cross of the Eagle (Estonian: Kotkaristi teenetemärk) was instituted in 1928  by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence. It was adopted as a state order in 1936. The Order of the Cross of the Eagle is bestowed to give recognition for military services and services in the field of national defence. It is awarded in civil and military divisions.  The awards made to members of the military are denoted by the addition of crossed swords to the decoration.
Democracy in Africa
Democracy in Africa is measured according to various definitions of democracy by a variety of indexes, such as V-Dem Democracy indices, and Democracy Index by The Economist.

The top 3 African countries ranked by V-Dem Democracy indices Electoral Democracy metric in 2024 were Cape Verde, Seychelles, and South Africa. 
The Freedom Index ranks states based on the protection of 'political and civil liberties and freedoms' that individuals receive including the freedom to participate in elections. In 2018, the index found that the majority of sub-Saharan African states including but not limited to Sudan, Cameroon and Ethiopia were 'not-free', while several states including but not limited to Namibia, Botswana and Ghana were pronounced 'free'.

V-Dem Institute
The V-Dem Institute (an abbreviation of Varieties of Democracy Institute), founded by Staffan I. Lindberg in 2014, is an independent research institute that serves as the headquarters of the V-Dem Project, a database that seeks to conceptualize and measure democracy. V-Dem defines democracy using seven key principles (electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian, majoritarian, and consensual) that emphasize the concept of "rule of the people." As part of its work, it publishes a dataset known as the V-Dem Democracy Indices that is based on its key principles.

The headquarters of the project is based at the department of political science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument (Montreal)
The Nicolaus Copernicus Monument (French: Monument à Nicolas Copernic), a 1966 replica of Bertel Thorvaldsen's 1830 monument in Warsaw, is located outside the Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium in Montreal's Space for Life. It was previously displayed in Chaboillez Square, outside the Dow Planetarium. The statue was originally displayed during Expo 67, and was relocated to its current location in 2013.

Artist: Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), Danish sculptor

Materials
Statue: bronze
Base: concrete

Dimensions:
Statue: 2.7 m × 1.1 m
Base: 1.8 m × 1.5 m

Manufacturing: Bronze: Lauritz Rasmussen, Denmark, posthumous draw from plaster molds and original made in 1966 under the supervision of Dr. Dyveke Helsted, Thorvaldsen Museum director

Inaugurated in 1967, Montreal World's Fair

Acquired by the City of Montreal: 1968.

Space for Life
Space for Life (French: Espace pour la vie) is a museum district in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It consists of five natural museums: the Biosphere, Biodome, Planetarium, Botanical Garden and Insectarium.

Space for Life was established in 2011 as a successor body to Montreal Nature Museums. It describes itself as the largest natural sciences complex in Canada. As of 2013, its executive director is Charles-Mathieu Brunelle and Montreal executive committee member Manon Gauthier is responsible for its political oversight.
Theophilus Müller
Theophilus Müller (also known as Teofilo Molinatore and Theophilus Molitor) (Hersfeld 1576- Würzburg 1619 (?)) was professor of botany at the University of Ingolstadt.  He joined the Accademia dei Lincei in 1611.

In 1621 Theophilus Müller and Giovanni Faber performed the first documented dissection of a rat. Their pregnant specimen appeared to have a penis and testes as well as a uterus, so they described it as a hermaphrodite. In fact the supposed penis was a clitoris, and the testes were vaginal glands.

Federico Cesi had purchased the unpublished papers of the Fransicso Hernández expedition, part-edited by Nardo Antonio Recchi, containing a compendium of New World plants. There was a Lincean project to send Müller to Mexico to complete the necessary research for the publication, but nothing appears to have come of it.

Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei, anglicised as the Lincean Academy, was an Italian accademia active from 1603 to 1651. It was established in Rome in 1603 by Federico Cesi, and was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the acuity that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo Galilei Linceo" as his signature. Cesi died in 1630, and the academy was dissolved in or before 1651.

During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Papal States and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, established in 1936, claims this heritage as the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ("Pontifical Academy of the New Lynx-Eyed"), founded in 1847, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.
The Orchards Mall
The Orchards Mall is a dead mall in Benton Charter Township, Michigan, U.S., just outside Benton Harbor. Opened in 1979, the mall originally featured Sears and JCPenney as its anchor stores, with Elder-Beerman, later Carson's, being added in the 1990s.

Carson's
Carson Pirie Scott & Co. (also known as Carson's) was an American department store that was founded in 1854, which grew to over 50 locations, primarily in the Midwestern United States. It was sold to the holding company of Bon-Ton in 2006, but still operated under the Carson name. The entire Bon-Ton collection of stores, including Carson's, went into bankruptcy and closed in 2018.  Bon-Ton's intellectual property was quickly sold while in bankruptcy, and the new owners reopened shortly afterwards as a BrandX virtual retailer.
Acraea vumbui
Acraea vumbui, the Vumba acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of forests.

Adults are on wing year round, but peaks occur in late summer.

The larvae feed on Urera hypselodendron.

It is a member of the Acraea circeis species group - but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014  (new synonym of Acraea conradti kuekenthali Le Doux, 1922)

Acraea (butterfly)
Acraea is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus Acraea is monophyletic if Bematistes and Neotropical Actinote are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.
Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)
The withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan describes the drawdown of United States Armed Forces in the Afghanistan war and the plans after its post-2014 presence when most combat troops had left Afghanistan at the end of 2014.

NATO had planned on maintaining 13,000 troops including 9,800 Americans in an advisory and counter-terrorism capacity in Afghanistan during the 2015 phase of the War in Afghanistan and they were expected to maintain a presence inside Afghanistan until well after the end of 2016. In July 2016, in light of the deteriorating security conditions, the US postponed the withdrawal until December 2016 and decided to maintain a force of 8,400 troops in 4 garrisons (Kabul, Kandahar, Bagram and Jalalabad) indefinitely due to Taliban resurgence attempt after the Battle of Kunduz. The withdrawal was completed in December 2016 leaving behind 8,400 troops.

Battle of Kunduz (2016)
The Battle of Kunduz occurred on 3 October 2016 in the Afghan city of Kunduz between Afghan National Security Forces and Taliban insurgents. It occurred exactly a year after the 2015 battle when the Taliban briefly controlled the city.
Arthur J. Balzer
Arthur J. Balzer (March 6, 1895 - January 31, 1962) was an American merchant and lecturer from West Allis, Wisconsin, who served several terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee County, first in the 1930s and again for a single term in the 1950s.

Wisconsin Progressive Party
The Wisconsin Progressive Party (1934–1946) was a political third party that briefly held a major role in Wisconsin politics under the two sons of the late Robert M. La Follette. It was on the political left wing, and it sometimes cooperated with the New Deal.
Lucas cell
A Lucas cell is a type of scintillation counter. It is used to acquire a gas sample, filter out the radioactive particulates through a special filter and then count the radioactive decay.  The inside of the gas chamber is coated with  ZnS(Ag) - a chemical that emits light when struck by alpha particles. A photomultiplier tube at the top of the chamber counts the photons and sends the count to a data logger.

Zinc sulfide
Zinc sulfide (or zinc sulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula of ZnS. This is the main form of zinc found in nature, where it mainly occurs as the mineral sphalerite. Although this mineral is usually black because of various impurities, the pure material is white, and it is widely used as a pigment. In its dense synthetic form, zinc sulfide can be transparent, and it is used as a window for visible optics and infrared optics.
Harttiella pilosa
Harttiella pilosa is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Orapu River basin in the Tortue Mountains of French Guiana. The type locality of the species is the area directly upstream and downstream of a 30 m (98 ft) high waterfall. This environment is a 10 m (33 ft) wide river channel with shallow, clear water and a substrate composed of gravel, pebbles, boulders, bedrock, and iron-rich sand. This species reaches a standard length of 4 cm (1.6 in). It was described in 2012 as part of a taxonomic review of members of the loricariid tribe Harttiini native to the Guianas.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Dust (His Dark Materials)
In Philip Pullman's trilogies His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust, Dust or  Rusakov particles are  particles associated with consciousness that are integral to the plot. In the multiverse in which these trilogies are set, Dust is attracted to consciousness, especially after puberty; the Church within the series associates Dust with original sin and seeks its end. Pullman described Dust in an interview as "an analogy of consciousness, and consciousness is this extraordinary property we have as human beings".

Philip Pullman
Sir Philip Nicholas Outram Pullman  is an English writer. He is best known for the fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials. The first volume, Northern Lights (1995), won the Carnegie Medal and later the "Carnegie of Carnegies". The third volume, The Amber Spyglass (2000), won the Whitbread Award. In 2017, he started a companion trilogy, The Book of Dust, of which the final novel, The Rose Field, was published in October 2025.

He was knighted in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to literature, and has been awarded several honorary doctorates and other honours.
Arthur de Capell Brooke
Sir Arthur de Capell Brooke, 2nd Baronet (22 June 1791 in Northamptonshire – 6 December 1858) was a British baronet and travel writer, Fellow of the Royal Society (1823) and co-establisher of the Raleigh Club (1827).

Mathias Bonsach Krogh
Mathias Bonsach Krogh (4 October 1754 – 2 September 1828) was a Norwegian clergyman who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Hålogaland. Krogh was also a member of the first ordinary Parliament of Norway.
KTWG
KTWG (801 AM) is a non-commercial radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format.  Licensed to Hagåtña, Guam, United States, it serves Guam and Northern Marianas Islands. The station is owned by Edward H. Poppe, Jr. and Frances W. Poppe, and is managed by Leilani Dahilig. The station's studios are located in Piti.  Most programming is supplied by Trans World Radio (TWR).

While the station broadcasts at 801 kHz, many American radios, especially the digital readout variety, are capable of tuning in AM stations in 10 kHz increments only. Therefore, in the station's marketing, the nearest frequency, "800", is used instead. Stations in Guam fall within the jurisdiction of the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975, instead of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, whose coverage includes the U.S. mainland and Hawaii.

KTWG is the primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

Hagåtña, Guam
Hagåtña, formerly Agana or Agaña, is a coastal village and the capital of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today, it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government.