hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ayva tatlısı
Ayva tatlısı is a dessert from Turkish cuisine that is made with quince. The quince is cooked by boiling in water or in the oven with cloves, sweet syrup and filled with apple or quince meal, raisins and topped with kaymak, or ice cream. It is often served as halves, with the inside slightly carved out. The dish is eaten warm and cold throughout  Turkey, particularly during wintertime.

Quince
The quince (/ˈkwɪns/; Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the Malinae subtribe (which contains apples, pears, and other fruits) of the Rosaceae family. It is a deciduous tree that bears hard, aromatic bright golden-yellow pome fruit, similar in appearance to a pear. Ripe quince fruits are hard, tart, and astringent. They are eaten raw or processed into jam, quince cheese, or alcoholic drinks.

The quince tree is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive pale pink blossoms and as a miniature bonsai plant.
Diospyros virginiana
Diospyros virginiana is a persimmon species commonly called the American persimmon, common persimmon, eastern persimmon, simmon, possumwood, possum apples,  or sugar plum. It ranges from southern Connecticut to Florida, and  west to Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Iowa. The tree grows in the wild but has been cultivated for its fruit and wood since prehistoric times by Native Americans. Both the tree and the fruit are referred to as persimmons, with the latter appearing in desserts and cuisine in the U.S. South and Midwest.

The tree is typically dioecious, so one must have both male and female plants to obtain fruit.

Commercial varieties include the very productive Early Golden, the productive John Rick, Miller, Woolbright and the Ennis, a seedless variety. Another nickname of the American persimmon, 'date-plum' also refers to a persimmon species found in South Asia and South Europe, Diospyros lotus. Today, persimmons are also grown on small farms as a heritage crop.

Ebony
Ebony is a dense black–brown hardwood, coming from several species in the genus Diospyros, which also includes the persimmon. A few Diospyros species, such as macassar and mun ebony, are dense enough to sink in water. Ebony is finely textured and has a mirror finish when polished, making it valuable as an ornamental wood. It is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world.
Alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase
In enzymology, an alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase (EC 2.3.2.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-alanyl-tRNA + phosphatidylglycerol  tRNA + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanyl-tRNA and phosphatidylglycerol, whereas its two products are tRNA and 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-alanyl-tRNA:phosphatidylglycerol alanyltransferase. Other names in common use include O-alanylphosphatidylglycerol synthase, and alanyl phosphatidylglycerol synthetase.

Aminoacyltransferase
Aminoacyltransferases (EC 2.3.2) are acyltransferase enzymes which act upon an amino group. For instance, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases attach an aminoacid through esterification to the corresponding tRNA. The activation of amino acids it aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase requires hydrolysis of ATP to AMP plus PPi. The aminoacyl-tRNA molecule has close relationships with elongation factors like EF-Tu.

Peptidyl transferases are also a type of aminoacyltransferase that catalyze the formation of peptide bonds, as well as the hydrolytic step that leads to the release of newly synthesized proteins off the tRNA.
Etienne Ys
Etienne Nestor Ys (born 26 February 1962) is a Curaçaoan politician who served as the 23rd and 26th Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 2002–2003 and again from 2004–2006. He previously served as Minister of Finance from 1994–1995.

Ys was born in Curaçao on 26 February 1962. Ys studied law at the Groningen University and graduated in 1985. Following his graduation he worked as a tax inspector at the Dutch Revenue Services "belastingdienst". He went on to serve as Minister of Finance of the Netherlands Antilles from 1994–1995, and then commissioner of the island territory of Curaçao.

Following the 2017 Curaçao general election he was appointed as informateur. After the formation of the new government, he was appointed as chairman of the board of the Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles
Below is a list of prime ministers of the Netherlands Antilles from 1951 to 2010. In 2010 the position of Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles was abolished, together with the dissolution of the country itself.
Team jersey
A team jersey (also sports jersey) is a shirt worn by members of a sports team to identify their affiliation with the team.  Jerseys identify their wearers' names and/or numbers, generally showing the colors and logo of the team.  Numbers are frequently used to identify players, since uniforms give players a similar appearance.

A jersey may also include the logo of the team's sponsor.

General classification in the Tour de France
The general classification of the Tour de France is the most important classification of the race and determines the winner of the race. Since 1919, the leader of the general classification has worn the yellow jersey (French: maillot jaune [majo ʒon]).
New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports
The Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) is an agency of the New York state government overseeing addiction prevention, treatment, recovery, and harm reduction services across New York. It is part of the pro forma Department of Mental Hygiene along with the Office of Mental Health (OMH) and Office for People With Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD).

It regulates and funds a statewide network of certified providers, operates 12 state-run treatment centers, and serves over 700,000 individuals annually. OASAS sets standards for addiction care, distributes state and federal funding, and coordinates strategic initiatives to address substance use and problem gambling, including programs for underserved populations, harm reduction outreach, and peer-based recovery support.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA; pronounced  /ˈsæmsə/) is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). SAMHSA is charged with improving the quality and availability of treatment and rehabilitative services in order to reduce illness, death, disability, and the cost to society resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses.  The Administrator of SAMHSA reports directly to the secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. SAMHSA's headquarters building is located outside of Rockville, Maryland.

As part of the announced 2025 HHS reorganization, SAMHSA is planned to be integrated into the new Administration for a Healthy America.
KwaMashu
KwaMashu is a township 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Durban, South Africa. The name honours Sir Marshall Campbell and means Place of Marshall. KwaMashu is bordered by Newlands East to the south, Newlands West to the west, Ntuzuma to the north, Phoenix to the north-east, Mount Edgecombe to the east and Durban North to the south-east.

Mount Edgecombe
Mount Edgecombe or Mt Edgecombe is a town in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, situated just north of Durban, which forms part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban Metropolitan area. Much of the suburb is cordoned off as a gated settlement comprising resorts, golf courses and a retirement home. It was previously a sugar growing area. The population increased by 89% between 2001 and 2011 from 3,874 to 7,323. Its name is derived from Mount Edgcumbe House in Cornwall, England, the family seat of the Earls of Mount Edgcumbe.
Kafarouman SC
Kafarouman Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي كفررمان الرياضي) is a Lebanese football club that represents the Lebanese town of Kfar Remen in Nabatieh Governorate in Southern Lebanon.

In the 2012–2013 season, the club finished third in the play-offs of the Lebanese Fourth Division and they were promoted to the Lebanese Third Division for the first time ever in the history of the club. Kafarouman currently play in the Lebanese Fourth Division.

Lebanese football league system
The Lebanese football league system (Arabic: نظام الدوري اللبناني لكرة القدم), also known as the Lebanese football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in Lebanon. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, allowing even the smallest club the theoretical possibility of ultimately rising to the very top of the system. There are five individual leagues, containing 30 groups.

The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues, fold or merge altogether, but an estimated average of 7 clubs per group implies that about 200 clubs are members of a league in the Lebanese men's football league system.
Lugulu
Lugulu is a market centre for the neighbourhoods of Esibembe to the north, Bwaliro to the northeast, and Bulwani to the east in Butula Constituency, which is in Busia County, Kenya. It is located on the road connecting Butula Constituency with the settlement of Nambale. The largest group of residents consists of the Luhya tribe. The current Member of County Assembly for Lugulu Ward is Josephat Wandera, elected in the 2022 general elections.

Butula Constituency
Butula Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of seven constituencies in Busia County. The constituency was established for the 1997 elections. The constituency has six wards, all electing members of county assembly(MCA) for the Busia County government. The current member of parliament is Joseph Maero Oyula.
Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.

Office for National Statistics
The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Welsh: Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.
Montour family
The Montour family is a family of Native-American and French descent that was prominent in colonial New York and Pennsylvania before and during the American Revolution. Because of the Iroquois practice of reckoning descent through the female line, the family is known as "Montour" after the matriarch.

Montoursville, Pennsylvania
Montoursville is a borough in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. The 2020 census reported its population as 4,745. It forms part of the Williamsport, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Williamsport Regional Airport is in Montoursville.

Developed on the east bank of Loyalsock Creek near the former native village of Otstonwakin, the borough is named for Andrew Montour, the French/Native American and son of Madame Montour, a Native American interpreter and negotiator who served the British colonial government in New York and Pennsylvania during the early eighteenth century. She led the native village. Her son also became influential as an interpreter and negotiator, serving colonial governments in Pennsylvania and Virginia, including during the French and Indian War.
Pencil case
A pencil case or pencil box is a container used to store pencils. A pencil case can also contain a variety of other stationery such as sharpeners, pens, glue sticks, erasers, scissors, and rulers.

Pencil cases can be made from a variety of materials such as wood or metal. Some pencil cases have a hard and rigid shell encasing the pens inside, while others use a softer material such as plastic, leather or cotton. Soft versions are typically fastened with a zipper.

Early pencil cases were round or cylindrical in shape. Some early pencil cases were decorated with jasper (one from 1860) or platinum (from 1874).

Ruler
A ruler is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Alternatively, it is called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool  in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC.
2001 Eurocard Ladies German Open
The 2001 Eurocard Ladies German Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in Berlin in Germany and was part of Tier I of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 32nd edition of the tournament and ran from 7 May through 13 May 2001. Fourth-seeded Amélie Mauresmo won the singles title.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Martin of Braga
Saint Martin of Braga (in Latin Martinus Bracarensis, in Portuguese, known as Martinho de Dume c. 520–580 AD), also known as Saint Martin of Dumio, was an archbishop of Bracara Augusta in Gallaecia (now Braga in Portugal), a missionary, a monastic founder, and an ecclesiastical author. According to his contemporary, the historian Gregory of Tours, Martin was plenus virtutibus ("full of virtue") and in tantum se litteris imbuit ut nulli secundus sui temporis haberetur ("he so instructed himself in learning that he was considered second to none in his lifetime"). He was later canonized by the Catholic Church for his work in converting the inhabitants of Gallaecia to Chalcedonian Christianity, being granted the cognomen of "Apostle to the Suevi". His feast day is 20 March.

Gregory of Tours
Gregory of Tours (born Georgius Florentius; 30 November c. 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history". He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

Gregory's most notable work is the Decem Libri Historiarum ('Ten Books of Histories'), also known as the Historia Francorum ('History of the Franks'). Decem Libri Historiarum is considered a primary source for the study of Merovingian history and chronicles the accounts of the Franks during the period. Gregory is also known for documenting accounts of religious figures, notably that of Martin of Tours.
Bromine oxide
Bromine can form several different oxides:

Dibromine monoxide (Br2O)

Bromine dioxide (BrO2)

Dibromine trioxide (Br2O3)

Dibromine pentoxide (Br2O5)

Tribromine octoxide (Br3O8)

Also, a number of ions are bromine oxides:

Hypobromite (BrO−)

Bromite (BrO2−)

Bromate (BrO3−)

Perbromate (BrO4−)

And the bromine monoxide radical:

Bromine oxide (BrO)

Dibromine monoxide
Dibromine monoxide is the chemical compound composed of bromine and oxygen with the formula Br2O. It is a dark brown solid which is stable below −40 °C and is used in bromination reactions. It is similar to dichlorine monoxide, the monoxide of its halogen neighbor one period higher on the periodic table. The molecule is bent, with C2v molecular symmetry. The Br−O bond length is 1.85 Å and the Br−O−Br bond angle is 112°, similar to dichlorine monoxide.
Mineral industry of Mozambique
The mineral industry of Mozambique plays a significant role in the world's production of aluminium, beryllium, and tantalum. In 2006, Mozambique's share of the world's tantalum mine output amounted to 6%; beryllium, 5%; and aluminium, 2%. Other domestically significant mineral processing operations included cement and natural gas.

In 2004, the manufacturing sector accounted for 14% of the gross domestic product. The Mozal smelter accounted for about one-half of manufacturing output but had a much more modest effect on employment.

In 2012 the mining and quarrying sector accounted for 1.5% of the economy and energy accounted for 5%.  However these sectors were expected to expand by more than 10% per year due to increased output of coal and gas. Gas reserves were estimated to be the fourth largest in the world.

Kenmare Resources
Kenmare Resources plc is a publicly traded mining company headquartered in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and it has a secondary listing on Euronext Dublin (LSE and ISE ticker: KMR). Kenmare is one of the world's largest mineral sands producers and the Company owns and operates the Moma Titanium Minerals Mine. Moma is one of the world's largest titanium minerals deposits, located 160 km from the city of Nampula in Mozambique.

Kenmare is the world's fourth largest producer of titanium feedstocks (ilmenite and rutile), which are primarily used to make titanium dioxide (Ti02) pigment. Ti02 pigment impart whiteness and opacity in the manufacture of paper, paint and plastics. The company is responsible for 8% of global supply of titanium feedstocks at current production levels.
Assaf Amir
Assaf Amir (Hebrew: אסף אמיר; born 1954) is an Israeli filmmaker and television and film producer, former chairman of The Israeli Producers Association and the current chairman of The Israeli Academy of Film and Television.

Nir Bergman
Nir Bergman (Hebrew: ניר ברגמן; born 8 August 1969) is an Israeli film director and screenwriter. He won several awards for his films including the Grand Prix at the Tokyo International Film Festival for Broken Wings (2002) and Intimate Grammar (2010).
Stevo Stepanovski
Stevo Stepanovski (Macedonian: Стево Степановски; born 17 July 1950) is a Macedonian bibliophile and owner of the largest private library in North Macedonia, situated in Babino, Demir Hisar. Ramkovski Foundation in September 2010 granted him the “Krste Petkov Misirkov” Work-Life Award.

Bookworm
A bookworm or bibliophile is an individual who loves and frequently reads or collects books. Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books.

Bibliophiles may have large, specialized book collections. They may highly value old editions, autographed copies, or illustrated versions. Bibliophilia is distinct from bibliomania, a compulsive obsession to collect books which can affect interpersonal relationships or health. The term "bibliophile" has been in use since 1820 and has been associated with historical figures like Lord Spencer and J.P. Morgan, who were known for their extensive book collections.
Orlat plaques
The Orlat plaques are a series of bone plaques that were discovered in the mid-1980s in Uzbekistan. They were found during excavations led by Galina Pugachenkova at the cemetery of Orlat, by the bank of the Saganak River (a tributary of the Zeravshan), immediately north of Samarkand. Pugachenkova published her finds in 1989. The left half is decorated with an elaborated battle scene, while on the other side is depicted a hunting scene.

Kangju
Kangju (Chinese: 康居; pinyin: kāngjū; Wade–Giles: K'ang-chü; Eastern Han Chinese: kʰɑŋ-kɨɑ < *khâŋ-ka (c. 140 BCE)) was the Chinese name of a kingdom in Central Asia during the first half of the first millennium CE. The name Kangju is now generally regarded as a variant or mutated form of the name Sogdiana. According to contemporaneous Chinese sources, Kangju was the second most powerful state in Transoxiana, after the Yuezhi. Its people, known in Chinese as the Kāng (康), were evidently of Indo-European origins, spoke an Eastern Iranian language, and had a semi-nomadic way of life. The Sogdians  may have been the same people as those of Kangju and closely related to the Sakas, or other Iranian groups such as the Asii.
Edinburgh South (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Edinburgh South was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It was also one of nine constituencies in the Lothians electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

For the Scottish Parliament election, 2011, Edinburgh South was redrawn and replaced by the renamed Edinburgh Southern constituency.

Morningside, Edinburgh
Morningside is a district and former village in the south of Edinburgh, Scotland. It lies alongside the main arterial Morningside Road, part of an ancient route from Edinburgh to the south west of Scotland. The original village served several farms and estates in the area. In the 19th century, it developed as a residential suburb, its growth being stimulated by the arrival of a railway service and other transport improvements.
Cultural depictions of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Cultural depictions of prime ministers of the United Kingdom have become commonplace since the term's first use in 1905. However, they have been applied to prime ministers who were in office before the first use of the term. They are listed here chronologically from the date of first appointment as prime minister.

Number 10 (TV series)
Number 10 was a 1983 British television series originally aired on ITV and lasting for 7 episodes from 13 February to 27 March 1983. It depicted the personal and political lives of seven British Prime Ministers, ranging from the 1780s to the 1920s, during their occupancy of 10 Downing Street.  The series was a revealing insight on some of the more personal incidents in the lives of past British Prime Ministers and explored the effect the Prime Ministers had on the house.
Constructivism in science education
Constructivism has been considered as a dominant paradigm, or research programme, in the field of science education since the 1980s. The term constructivism is widely used in many fields, and not always with quite the same intention. This entry offers an account of how constructivism is most commonly understood in science education.

Constructivism (philosophy of education)
Constructivism is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. Instead, they construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge. This theory originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
ASCII ribbon campaign
The ASCII ribbon campaign was an Internet phenomenon started in 1998 advocating that email be sent only in plain text,  because of inefficiencies or dangers of using HTML email.  Proponents placed ASCII art in their signature blocks, meant to look like an awareness ribbon, along with a message or link to an advocacy site:

HTML email
HTML email is the use of a subset of HTML to provide formatting and semantic markup capabilities in email that are not available with plain text: Text can be linked without displaying a URL, or breaking long URLs into multiple pieces. Text is wrapped to fit the width of the viewing window, rather than uniformly breaking each line at 78 characters (defined in RFC 5322, which was necessary on older text terminals). It allows in-line inclusion of images, tables, as well as diagrams or mathematical formulae as images, which are otherwise difficult to convey (typically using ASCII art).