hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mid Valley Times
The Mid Valley Times is a weekly newspaper, published on Thursdays, serving Reedley, Dinuba, Sanger, and surrounding communities in Fresno County and Tulare County, California. It was known as the Reedley Exponent until July, 2019, when it merged with the Dinuba Sentinel and the Sanger Herald. At the time of the merger, the Herald was the oldest business in Sanger. The Sanger Herald was founded in 1889, the Reedley Exponent was founded in 1891. It has a current circulation of 3,400 copies and it is edited by Jon Earnest.

The paper was owned by Mid-Valley Publishing Inc. and published by Fred Hall until his death in March 2022. It has been operated by Mineral King Publishing, the publisher of The Sun-Gazette, ever since. The company officially took ownership of the paper on May 1, 2023.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Functional data analysis
Functional data analysis (FDA) is a branch of statistics that analyses data providing information about curves, surfaces or anything else varying over a continuum.  In its most general form, under an FDA framework, each sample element of functional data is considered to be a random function. The physical continuum over which these functions are defined is often time, but may also be spatial location, wavelength, probability, etc. Intrinsically, functional data are infinite dimensional. The high intrinsic dimensionality of these data brings challenges for theory as well as computation, where these challenges vary with how the functional data were sampled. However, the high or infinite dimensional structure of the data is a rich source of information and there are many interesting challenges for research and data analysis.

Generalized linear model
In statistics, a generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary linear regression. The GLM generalizes linear regression by allowing the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and by allowing the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value.

Generalized linear models were formulated by John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn as a way of unifying various other statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression. They proposed an iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the model parameters. MLE remains popular and is the default method on many statistical computing packages. Other approaches, including Bayesian regression and least squares fitting to variance stabilized responses, have been developed.
Fernando Diniz
Fernando Diniz Silva (born 27 March 1974) is a Brazilian professional football coach and former player who played as a midfielder.

Diniz is widely recognized in Brazil for his unique style of tactical structure, prioritizing ball control, and having something close to a modern style of Jogo Bonito. Initially compared to Pep Guardiola's tiki-taka, his style of play is described in Brazil as the Dinizismo.

2023 Campeonato Carioca
The 2023 Campeonato Carioca de Futebol (officially the Campeonato Carioca Betnacional 2023 for sponsorship reasons) was the 120th edition of the top division of football in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The competition was organized by FERJ. It began on 12 January 2023 and ended on 9 April 2023. Defending champions Fluminense successfully defended their title after winning 4–3 on aggregate against Flamengo.
Assumptionists
The Assumptionists, formally known as the Congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption (Latin: Congregatio Augustinianorum ab Assumptione; abbreviated AA), is a worldwide congregation of Catholic priests and brothers. It is active in many countries.  The French branch played a major role in French political and social history in the 19th century.

History of the Catholic Church in France
The history of the Catholic Church in France is inseparable from the history of France, and should be analyzed in its peculiar relationship with the State, with which it was progressively confused, confronted, and separated.
Raquel Peña (politician)
Raquel Peña Rodríguez de Antuña (born 10 September 1966) is a Dominican politician and academic who has served as the 40th Vice President of the Dominican Republic under President Luis Abinader since 2020.

Vice President of the Dominican Republic
The vice president of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Vicepresidente de la República Dominicana) is the second-highest political position in the Dominican Republic. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. There have been thirty-nine vice presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the vice president shall be elected along with the president.

Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional vice presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting vice presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana.
Journal of Phycology
The Journal of Phycology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of phycology (the study of algae), published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. on behalf of the Phycological Society of America. The journal was established in 1965 and published quarterly until 1992, when it changed to a bimonthly format.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
Michael O'Shaughnessy
Michael Maurice O'Shaughnessy (28 May 1864 – 12 October 1934) was an Irish civil engineer who became city engineer for the city of San Francisco during the early twentieth century and developed both the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) and the Hetch Hetchy water system. He is sometimes credited as being "the Irishman who built San Francisco."

Bancroft Library
The Bancroft Library is the main special collections library of the University of California, Berkeley. The original collection, acquired in 1905 from its founder Hubert Howe Bancroft, is the largest collection of materials on Californian history and Western North America in the world.
Pavani (raga)
Pavani (pronounced pāvani, meaning the purifier) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 41st melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kumbhini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Kim Min-jae (footballer)
Kim Min-jae (Korean: 김민재; born 15 November 1996) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the South Korea national team.

After starting out at semi-professional club Gyeongju KHNP for half a year, Kim went on to play for Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, where he won two K League 1 titles for two years before transferring to Beijing Guoan in 2019. After two-and-half years at the Chinese Super League, he joined Süper Lig side Fenerbahçe in 2021, and Serie A side Napoli in 2022. He was considered one of the best defenders in the world, when helping Napoli win a Serie A title in the 2022–23 season. Then, in July 2023, he moved to Bayern Munich for €50 million, making him the most expensive Asian player of all time.

Kim is a South Korean international, having progressed from under-20 onwards. He represented the national team at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and two editions of the AFC Asian Cup.

Football at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2018 Asian Games was held from 10 August to 1 September 2018. It was the 17th edition of the men's tournament. In this tournament, 25 teams played in the men's competition. South Korea were the gold medal holders when they won the tournament in 2014. They managed to retain their title.
Sumreri railway station
Sumreri railway station is a railway station in located on Bina–Katni railway line operated by the West Central Railway under  Jabalpur railway division. It is situated at Sumreri, Khurai in Sagar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Jabalpur railway division
Jabalpur railway division is one of the three railway divisions under West Central Railway zone (WCR) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters are located at Jabalpur city in the state of Madhya Pradesh of India. It has 107 railway stations under its jurisdiction. Bhopal railway division and Kota railway division are the other two railway divisions under WCR Zone headquartered at Jabalpur.
Winmalee, New South Wales
Winmalee is a suburb in New South Wales, Australia. Winmalee is located 77 kilometres (48 mi) west of the Sydney CBD, in the local government area of the City of Blue Mountains. As of the 2021 census, Winmalee has a population of 6,388.

Originally known as North Springwood, Winmalee was officially established in 1972. Springwood is historically significant as the first European settlement in the Blue Mountains. Winmalee is surrounded by Blue Mountains National Park. This National Park is on the World Heritage List and is known as the Greater Blue Mountains Area World Heritage Site. Winmalee extends from Birdwood Avenue and Paulwood Avenue to Coramandel Avenue and east to a point part-way along Singles Ridge Road.

St Columba's Catholic College
St Columba's Catholic College, formerly St Columba's High School, is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in the Blue Mountains region, on the border of Winmalee and Springwood, in New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1979, the school is set in the grounds of the St Columba's property, which has extensive bushland surrounding the school. The property is a listed site on the Blue Mountains City Council local government heritage register.
Maryvale Institute
Maryvale Institute is a college of further and higher education, an International Catholic Distance-Learning College for Catechesis, Theology, Philosophy and Religious Education, was formerly based at Maryvale House, Old Oscott, Great Barr, Birmingham, England, but has been delivering its programmes from St Mary's College Oscott since Autumn 2025. It specialises in the provision of part-time, distance learning courses to the lay faithful, consecrated religious and ministers of the Roman Catholic Church.

Great Barr
Great Barr is a large and loosely defined area to the north-west of Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands, England. The area was historically in Staffordshire, and the parts now in Birmingham were once known as Perry Barr, which is still the name of an adjacent Birmingham district. Other parts still known as Great Barr are now in the Metropolitan Boroughs of Walsall and Sandwell.

"Barr" means "hill", and the name refers to nearby Barr Beacon. The name Barr Magna is used on some old maps. Others show it as "Gt. Barr".
Howlands Marsh
Howlands Marsh is a 29.9-hectare (74-acre) nature reserve north-east of St Osyth in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Colne Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest Special Protection Area and Ramsar site, and the Blackwater Flats and Marshes Nature Conservation Review site.

This site is marshy grassland, which is low lying and hummocky, and divided by water channels. There are also areas of saltmarsh, which has sea wormwood and golden samphire. Breeding birds include reed warblers, skylarks, lapwings and reed buntings.

There is access by a footpath from the B1027 road.

St Osyth
St Osyth is an English village and civil parish in the Tendring District of north-east Essex, about five miles (eight kilometres) west of Clacton-on-Sea and 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Colchester. It lies on the B1027, Colchester–Clacton road. The village is named after Osgyth, a seventh-century saint and princess. Locally, the name is sometimes pronounced "Toosey". It is claimed to be the driest recorded place in the United Kingdom. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 5,157.
NBC Saturday Night at the Movies
NBC Saturday Night at the Movies was the first television show to broadcast in color relatively recent feature films from major studios. The series premiered on September 23, 1961, and ran until October 1978, spawning many imitators. Television stations had previously only been able to show older, low-budget, black-and-white films. In the late 1970s, competition from cable television and home video led to a decline in viewership.

Trailer (promotion)
A trailer (also known as a preview, coming attraction, or attraction video) is a short advertisement, originally designed for a feature film, which highlights key scenes of upcoming features intended to be exhibited in the future at a movie theater or cinema. It is a product of creative and technical work.

Movie trailers have now become popular on DVDs and Blu-ray discs, as well as on the Internet, livestreaming and mobile devices. Of some 10 billion videos watched online annually, film trailers rank third, after news and user-created video.

The trailer format has been adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books, and theatrical events/concerts.
2003 GP Ouest-France
The 2003 GP Ouest-France was the 67th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 24 August 2003. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Andy Flickinger of the AG2R Prévoyance team.

Bretagne Classic
The Bretagne Classic, also called Bretagne Classic CIC, is an elite cycling classic held annually in late summer around the Breton village of Plouay in western France.

The race was originally named Grand-Prix de Plouay and, from 1989 to 2015, GP Ouest-France. It was included in the inaugural UCI ProTour in 2005 and in 2011 in its successor, the UCI World Tour. Since 2016 it is called Bretagne Classic Ouest-France.

Since 2002, a women's event, the Classic Lorient Agglomération is organized on Saturday, the day before the men's race. Supporting events have grown over the years and now include BMX races, track racing and a mass-participation ride, as part of a four–day festival in the last summer weekend in Brittany.
Brahim Dargouthi
Brahim Dargouthi, or Darghouthi (in Arabic ابراهيم درغوثي), (Tozeur, 21 December 1955) is a Tunisian, author of short stories and novels. A graduate of the Ecole Normale of teachers of Tunis in 1975, he taught in various schools and is the director of a primary school in Moularés Gafsa in 2013. He is also a member of the steering committee of the Union of Tunisian Writers (Ittiḥād al-kuttāb al-tūnisiyyīna) and leads its industry Gafsa. Dargouthi is 460th in Arabian Business' ranking of the 500 most influential Arabs.

Gafsa
Gafsa (Arabic: قفصة, romanized: qafṣah; Tunisian Arabic: ڨفصة, romanized: gafṣah; Gafsˤaⓘ) is the capital of Gafsa Governorate in Tunisia. With a population of 120,739, Gafsa is the ninth-largest Tunisian city and is 335 km from the country's capital, Tunis.
Backusella psychrophila
Backusella psychrophila is a species of zygote fungus in the order Mucorales. It was described by Andrew S. Urquhart and James K. Douch in 2020. The specific epithet refers to the inability of this species to grow above 30 ˚C. The type locality is Jack Cann Reserve, Australia.

Zygomycota
Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, is a former division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi. The members are now part of two phyla: the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. Approximately 1060 species are known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. Some are parasites of plants, insects, and small animals, while others form symbiotic relationships with plants. Zygomycete hyphae may be coenocytic, forming septa only where gametes are formed or to wall off dead hyphae. Zygomycota is no longer recognised as it was not believed to be truly monophyletic.
Dry Hill
Dry Hill is a 206-acre (0.83 km2) nature preserve in New Marlborough, Massachusetts and is managed by the Trustees of Reservations, who acquired the land in 2000. It includes a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) hiking trail of medium to strenuous difficulty.

New Marlborough, Massachusetts
New Marlborough is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,528 at the 2020 census. New Marlborough consists of five villages: Clayton, Hartsville, Mill River, New Marlborough Village and Southfield.
Yashima Domain
Yashima Domain (矢島藩, Yashima-han) was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in  Dewa Province (modern-day Akita Prefecture), Japan.  It was centered on Yashima Jin'ya in the former town of Yashima, Akita, in what is now part of the city of Yurihonjō, Akita.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
William Joseph Kurtz
Wilhelm Józef Kurtz (anglicised to William Joseph Kurtz; 28 May 1935 – 14 February 2023) was a Polish prelate of the Catholic Church.

Kurtz was born in Kempa, Gau Silesia (now Kępa, Opole Voivodeship). He was ordained to the priesthood as a member of the Society of the Divine Word in 1962. He was appointed Bishop of Kundiawa, Papua New Guinea, in 1982, serving until he was named coadjutor archbishop of Madang in 1999. He succeeded Benedict To Varpin as archbishop in 2001, and retired from this position in 2010.

Society of the Divine Word
The Society of the Divine Word (Latin: Societas Verbi Divini), abbreviated SVD and popularly called the Verbites or the Divine Word Missionaries, and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men. As of 2020, it consisted of 5,965 members composed of priests and religious brothers working in more than 70 countries, now part of VIVAT international. It is one of the largest missionary congregations in the Catholic Church. Its members add the nominal letters SVD after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. The superior general is Anselmo Ricardo Ribeiro, who hails from Brazil.
Talaat Afifi
Talaat Afifi (Arabic: طلعت محمد عفيفي سالم) is an Egyptian professor at Al Azhar University. He served as Egypt's minister of religious endowments (Awqaf) from August 2012 to July 2013 and was part of the Qandil Cabinet.

Qandil Cabinet
The cabinet of Egyptian Prime Minister Hesham Qandil was sworn in on 2 August 2012. Qandil was appointed by President Mohamed Morsi, following the resignation of military-named premier Kamal Ganzouri. The cabinet consists of 36 ministers. The composition of the government is mostly formed by technocrats, with five Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) members and one member each from the Al-Wasat and Renaissance parties.
Jeffery Farnol
Jeffery Farnol (10 February 1878 – 9 August 1952) was a British writer from 1907 until his death in 1952, known for writing more than 40 romance novels, often set in the Georgian Era or English Regency period, and swashbucklers. He, with Georgette Heyer, largely initiated the Regency romantic genre.

The Amateur Gentleman (1926 film)
The Amateur Gentleman is a 1926 American silent drama film produced by Inspiration Pictures and distributed through First National Pictures. Sidney Olcott directed it as a vehicle for star Richard Barthelmess.

The story was previously adapted into a 1920 British silent film, and it was filmed again in 1936 with Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.

The Amateur Gentleman is preserved in the George Eastman House Motion Picture Collection.
Permeable reactive barrier
A permeable reactive barrier (PRB), also referred to as a permeable reactive treatment zone (PRTZ), is a developing technology that has been recognized as being a cost-effective technology for in situ (at the site) groundwater remediation. PRBs are barriers which allow some—but not all—materials to pass through. One definition for PRBs is an in situ treatment zone that passively captures a plume of contaminants and removes or breaks down the contaminants, releasing uncontaminated water. The primary removal methods include: (1) sorption and precipitation, (2) chemical reaction, and (3) reactions involving biological mechanisms.

Trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene (TCE, IUPAC name: trichloroethene) is an organochloride with the formula C2HCl3, commonly used as an industrial degreaser. It is a clear, colourless, non-flammable, volatile liquid with a sweet chloroform-like pleasant mild smell and burning sweet taste. Trichloroethylene has been sold under a variety of trade names. Under the trade names Trimar and Trilene, it was used as a volatile anesthetic and as an inhaled obstetrical analgesic. Industrial abbreviations include  trichlor, Trike, Tricky and tri. It should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which was commonly known as chlorothene.
Hexafluorophosphate
Hexafluorophosphate is an anion with chemical formula of [PF6]−. It is an octahedral species that imparts no color to its salts. [PF6]− is isoelectronic with sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, and the hexafluorosilicate dianion, [SiF6]2−, and hexafluoroantimonate [SbF6]−. In this anion, phosphorus has a valence of 5. Being poorly nucleophilic, hexafluorophosphate is classified as a non-coordinating anion.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.