hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History
Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History was an equestrian event held in the grounds of Windsor Castle on four evenings from 12 to 15 May 2022, as part of Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee celebrations.

Musical Ride
The Musical Ride of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is a special unit showcasing the equestrian skills performed by 32 cavalry who are regular members of the force. It holds events in Canada and worldwide to promote the RCMP. The first official ride was held in 1887 in Regina, District of Assiniboia, and was commanded by Inspector William George Matthews.
Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad
The Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad was a railroad based in northwestern Massachusetts. It was chartered in 1842 and was purchased by the Western Railroad of Massachusetts before construction was finished in 1846, then acquired by the Boston and Albany Railroad in 1870, only to face a gradual demise between the 1960s and 1990. It ran 18.539 mi (29.836 km) from North Adams Junction in Pittsfield to North Adams, where it connected to the Troy and Greenfield Railroad, an affiliate of the Fitchburg Railroad.

Troy and Greenfield Railroad
The Troy and Greenfield Railroad, chartered in 1848, ran from Greenfield, Massachusetts, United States, to the Vermont state line. It was leased to the Troy and Boston Railroad in 1856, then consolidated into Fitchburg Railroad 1887 which in turn was acquired by Boston and Maine Railroad by lease in 1900.
Lichtenstein Castle (Greifenstein)
Lichtenstein Castle (German: Burg Lichtenstein) is a levelled spur castle on the hill of Burgberg Lichtenstein, 315 m above sea level (NN), near the Greifenstein village of Holzhausen on the old military High Road, that ran from Frankfurt via Wetzlar to Cologne. The castle site is situated to the north of, and above, the Ulmbach Reservoir in the Hessian county of Lahn-Dill-Kreis.

Spur castle
A spur castle is a type of medieval fortification that is sited on a spur of a hill or mountain for defensive purposes. Ideally, it would be protected on three sides by steep hillsides; the only vulnerable side being that where the spur joins the hill from which it projects. By contrast, a ridge castle is only protected by steep terrain on two sides.
Adenanthos ileticos
Adenanthos ileticos is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae. It has roughly triangular, lobed leaves, and pale pink-red and cream, inconspicuous flowers. A rare species, it is known only from a single location in the south-west of Western Australia. It was discovered in 1968, and immediately brought into cultivation, but it would not be formally published and named until a decade later.

Adenanthos forrestii
Adenanthos forrfstii is a flowering plant from the family Proteaceae that can be found in Western Australia where it is declared to be rare flora. It is 0.3–1.3 metres (1 ft 0 in – 4 ft 3 in) high and have either red or creamy-yellow coloured flowers. The flowers remain in such colour from April to June and then become greyish-white from August to September. It can be found on coastal dunes and limestone.
Twinka Thiebaud
Twinka Thiebaud (born December 9, 1945) is an American model who has posed for many of the most important photographers of the 20th century.

A photograph by Judy Dater depicting Thiebaud, Imogen and Twinka at Yosemite, is considered among the most iconic photos in art history, and was the first adult full-frontal nude photograph published in Life magazine. Another photo of Thiebaud by Dater is included in The Woman's Eye (1973), a book devoted to women photographers, and also served as the cover image.

Crocker Art Museum
The Crocker Art Museum is the oldest art museum in the Western United States, located in Sacramento, California. Founded in 1885, the museum holds one of the premier collections of Californian art. The collection includes American works dating from the Gold Rush to the present, European paintings and master drawings, one of the largest international ceramics collections in the U.S., and collections of Asian, African, and Oceanic art. The Crocker Art Museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.
N. K. Premachandran
Navaikulam Krishnapillai Premachandran (born 25 May 1960) is an Indian politician who is a member of the Revolutionary Socialist Party. He is presently a member of Lok Sabha representing Kollam Lok Sabha constituency.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Rydze
Rydze [ˈrɨd͡zɛ] is a settlement, part of the village of Siemionki, in the administrative district of Gmina Wydminy, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Siemionki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Siemionki [ɕɛˈmjɔnki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wydminy, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Wydminy, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Giżycko, and 103 km (64 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Quintín Lame
Manuel Quintín Lame Chantre (1880–1967) was a Colombian indigenous rebel from the early 20th century who tried to form an independent indigenous republic.

He was born in El Borbollón, Cauca, son of Mariano Lame, of Paez origin, and Dolores Chantre, of mixed indigenous origins. During the war of 1885, his sister Licenia, was raped.  His brother Feliciano was killed in the Thousand Days' War. In 1901, he joined the army of the Colombian Conservative Party. In 1911, he started the Indigenous Movement. In 1914, he tried to establish the Republic of Indigenas, formed by Cauca, Tolima, Huila and Valle. Because of this, he was arrested. His movement grew and became the "Guerra Racial". In 1921, after spending three years in jail, he joined the Tolima movement. In 1924, he wrote the book El pensamiento del indio que se educó en las selvas colombianas. He died in 1967 in Ortega, Tolima.

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Roseomonas oryzae
Roseomonas oryzae is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pale pink-colored bacterium. It was first isolated from rice paddy rhizosphere soil in Western Ghats, Kankumbi, India. The species name is derived from Latin oryzae (of rice).

Two other species of Roseomonas have been isolated from soil rhizosphere: R. hibiscisoli and R. rhizosphaerae.

The optimum growth temperature for R. oryzae is 30 °C, but can grow in the 4-45 °C range. The optimum pH is 7.0, and can grow in pH 6.0-7.5.

Roseomonas hibiscisoli
Roseomonas hibiscisoli is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, pink-colored bacteria. It was first isolated from the rhizosphere of a Hibiscus syriacus plant, and the new species was proposed in 2017. The species name derives from the Hibiscus plant from which it was first isolated. Roseomonas rhizosphaerae was also previously isolated from the rhizosphere of a plant.

The optimum growth temperature for R. hibiscisoli is 28 °C, but can grow in the 20-40 °C range. The optimum pH is 7.0, and can grow in pH 5.0-9.0.
1979 All-East football team
The 1979 All-East football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season.

The 1979 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was the only Eastern team to finish in the top ten, ranking No. 6 in the final UPI poll and No. 7 in the final AP poll. Pitt placed five players on the All-Eastern first team: defensive end Hugh Green, offensive tackle Mark May, tight end Benjie Pryor, and defensive backs JoJo Heath and Terry White.

Three of the players who won first-team honors on the All-East team also received first-team honors on the 1979 All-America college football team: wide receiver Art Monk of Syracuse; defensive end Hugh Green of Pitt; and defensive tackle Bruce Clark of Penn State.

Mark May
Mark Eric May (born November 2, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1980s and 1990s. May played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers and earned unanimous All-American honors. He was selected in the first round of the 1981 NFL draft, and played professionally for the Washington Redskins, San Diego Chargers, and Arizona Cardinals.

May became involved in broadcasting following his retirement from the NFL in 1993. Most notably, he was employed by ESPN between 2001 and 2017.
Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Titian)
Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata is an oil on canvas painting by Titian, now in the Museo regionale Agostino Pepoli in Trapani. Its treatment of colour has led some to date it to the 1530s or 1550s, but the usual dating is c. 1525.

The work was misattributed to Vincenzo da Pavia until 1946, when Roberto Longhi restored the attribution to Titian, now followed by the majority of art historians and confirmed by a 1953-1954 restoration which revealed Titian's signature. Its style is thought to be similar to his lost The Assassination of Saint Peter Martyr.

The Assassination of Saint Peter Martyr (Titian)
The Assassination of Saint Peter Martyr was a 1528-1529 altarpiece in oils by Titian, originally painted on panel and later transferred to canvas. It was "destroyed by an Austrian shell", or the resulting fire at Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice in 1867, though a 1691 copy by Johann Carl Loth hangs in its place.  It was reproduced as a print under Titian's supervision, and was highly influential. It was 500 x 306 cm, one of Titian's pioneering large vertical altarpieces.

According to Charles Hope, "Only copies and engravings of this proto-Baroque picture remain. It combined extreme violence and a landscape, mostly consisting of a great tree, that pressed into the scene and seems to accentuate the drama in a way that looks forward to the Baroque".
1987 Wrangler Jeans Indigo 400
The 1987 Wrangler Jeans Indigo 400 was the 22nd stock car race of the 1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 30th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 13, 1987, before an audience of 30,000 in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond Fairgrounds Raceway, a 0.542 miles (0.872 km) D-shaped oval. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete.

Coming back from a penalty and avoiding several wrecks, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt managed to dominate the late stages of the race, leading 156 of the final 219 laps to take his 31st career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his 11th and final victory of the season. With the victory, Earnhardt was able to increase his driver's championship lead over Bill Elliott to 608 points, a lead that was seen as virtually insurmountable with seven races left in the season. To fill out the top three, Hendrick Motorsports' Darrell Waltrip and Bud Moore Engineering's Ricky Rudd finished second and third, respectively.

1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 39th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 16th modern-era cup series.

The season began on February 8 and ended on November 22. Dale Earnhardt of Richard Childress Racing won the championship for the third time.
Hassan Al-Tambakti
Hassan Mohammed Osama Al-Tambakti (Arabic: حسان محمد أسامة التمبكتي; born 9 February 1999) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for the Saudi Arabia national team and for Saudi Pro League side Al Hilal .

2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup
The 2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup was the 5th edition of the AFC U-23 Asian Cup (prior to 2021 known as the AFC U-23 Championship), a biennial international age-restricted football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the men's under-23 national teams of Asia. The players had to be born on or after 1 January 1999.

The tournament was originally going to be held in Uzbekistan from 6–24 January 2022, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and rescheduled to 1–19 June 2022. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament.

South Korea were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Japan in the quarter-finals, failing to finish among the top 4 for the first time. Saudi Arabia became the fifth different country to win the tournament, beating hosts Uzbekistan in the final.
Nesflaten Chapel
Nesflaten Chapel (Norwegian: Nesflaten kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Suldal Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nesflaten. It is one of the two churches for the Suldal parish which is part of the Ryfylke prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1853 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 150 people.

Suldal
Suldal is a municipality in the northeast corner of Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. Since 1965, the administrative centre of Suldal is the village of Sand i Ryfylke (prior to that it was the village of Suldalsosen). Other villages in Suldal include Erfjord, Jelsa, Marvik, Nesflaten, Vanvik, and Suldalsosen.

The 1,737-square-kilometre (671 sq mi) municipality is the 46th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Suldal is the 210th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,815. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.5% over the previous 10-year period.
2006 BNP Paribas Masters
The 2006 Paris Masters (also known as the BNP Paribas Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 34th edition of the Paris Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 30 October through 6 November 2006.

The announced singles draw featured World No. 1, Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open champion, French Open runner-up, Indian Wells, Miami, Toronto and 2006 Madrid Masters winner Roger Federer, ATP No. 2 French Open, Monte Carlo and Rome titlist Rafael Nadal, and third-ranked Australian Open and French Open semifinalist, Estoril winner David Nalbandian. Also lined up were US Open semifinalist, Pörtschach, Sopot, New Haven and Moscow champion Nikolay Davydenko, Vienna, Madrid and Basel finalist Fernando González, Tommy Robredo, James Blake and Tomáš Berdych.

2006 BA-CA-TennisTrophy
The 2006 BA-CA-TennisTrophy was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 32nd edition of the event known that year as the BA-CA-TennisTrophy, and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria, from 9 October through 15 October 2006.
Kinsterna
Kinsterna (Greek: Κινστέρνα) or Gisterna was a Slavic-inhabited district in the southern Peloponnese during the Late Middle Ages.

The Kinsterna is described as a fertile and rich plain northwest of the Mani Peninsula, and inhabited by Slavs, most likely the Melingoi tribe. The district was ceded by the Principality of Achaea to the Byzantine province around Mystras in 1263, but it remained largely autonomous. Thus in 1295, some of the local tribesmen captured Kalamata on their own initiative, and both the local Byzantine governor and Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos declared themselves unable to force them to restore it to the Principality, while in the next year, the Prince of Achaea was able to recruit 200 men and a ship from among its inhabitants to fend off Byzantine attacks in Skorta.

The castles of Grand Magne and Leuktron or Beaufort were erected by the Princes of Achaea to keep the raids of the Slavs of Kinsterna at bay.

Leuktron Castle
The castle of Leuktron (Greek: Λεύκτρον) or Beaufort is a late medieval fortification in Greece in the southern Peloponnese, on the Mani Peninsula. It is on the eastern shore of the Messenian Gulf, close to the ancient settlement of Leuctra and the modern village of Stoupa.

The castle of Leuktron was built c. 1249, when the Mani Peninsula was part of the Principality of Achaea, a crusader state on the Peloponnese. Prince of Achaea William II Villehardouin had it constructed in order to subdue the Slavic tribes living on Mount Taygetos.

The castle sits on a large rock rising above the shore which forms a platform some 120 metres (390 ft) long, 50 metres (160 ft) wide and 80 metres (260 ft) high. The curtain wall is constructed of irregular-sized stones mixed with brick fragments. Remnants of a square keep and a cistern are still visible in the interior.
2025 West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame 150
The 2025 West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame 150 was the 1st stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 9th running of the event. The race was held on Saturday, January 25, 2025, at Kevin Harvick's Kern Raceway in Bakersfield, California, a 0.50 mile (0.80 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. In a wild finish, Trevor Huddleston, driving for High Point Racing, would take the win after a hard-fought battle between Kyle Keller, driving for Jan's Towing Racing, in the final few laps of the race. This was Huddleston's sixth career ARCA Menards Series West win. Pole-sitter Daniel Hemric fell back from the first lap to finish 9th. Huddleston led a race high 144 laps. To fill out the podium, Keller and Tanner Reif, driving for Central Coast Racing would finish 2nd and 3rd respectively.

West Series races at Kern
The ARCA Menards Series West has held several races at Kevin Harvick's Kern Raceway (formerly Kern County Raceway Park) in Bakersfield, California over the years. The track currently has two races for the series, the West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame 150 and the NAPA Auto Parts 150. The West Coast Stock Car Motorsports Hall of Fame serves as a presenting sponsor of both races.

Races at the track have varied from 63 miles to 88 miles. Currently, the track's races are 75 miles in length.
The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans
The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans (ROCEEH) is an interdisciplinary project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Within the framework of this research center, social and natural scientists study the effect that culture has on the successive expansions of humans out of Africa and across the Old World. The Research Center is located at the University of Tübingen while the Senckenberg Research Institute is in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Naturmuseum Senckenberg
The Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF) is a museum of natural history, located in Frankfurt am Main. It is the second-largest natural history museum in Germany. In the two years 2022–2023, 874,276 people visited the museum, which is owned by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society. Senckenberg's slogan is "world of biodiversity". As of 2019, the museum exhibits 18 reconstructed dinosaurs.
Lawrence O. Murray
Lawrence O. Murray (February 18, 1864 – June 10, 1926) was a United States Comptroller of the Currency from April 27, 1908, to April 27, 1913.

Attorney Lawrence O. Murray had extensive government service prior to his appointment as Comptroller by President Theodore Roosevelt. During his tenure, the size of the national banking system prompted Congress to authorize appointment of a second deputy comptroller.

In the interim before Murray's successor took office, the Federal Reserve Act was passed. The act created twelve Federal Reserve Districts, with the Comptroller designating a district chief national bank examiner for each district under whom a corps of examiners and assistants worked. Examiners were to be compensated by salary and expenses rather than fees levied on the banks they examined.

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks and federal thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States.

The head of the agency, the comptroller of the currency, is Jonathan V. Gould, who took office on July 15, 2025.
Pa Na language
Pa Na (Chinese: 巴那语; pinyin: Bānàyǔ; autonym: pa˥˧ na˧˩˧) is a Hmongic language spoken by about 1,000 people in Shangpai (上排), Zhongpai (中排), and Xiapai (下排) of Chengbu County, and Huangshuangping (黄双坪), Suining County in Hunan, China. It is also called "Red Miao." Yoshihisa Taguchi (2012) considers Pa Na to be most closely related to She and Jiongnai.

Yoshihisa Taguchi (2001) documents the Xiapai (下排) dialect of Pa Na. Hu (2018:14-17) briefly documents the Pa Na dialect of Tanni Village No. 2 (潭泥村二组), Huangsangping Ethnic Miao Township (黄桑坪苗族乡; currently part of Zhaishi Township 寨市苗族侗族乡), Suining County.

Kiong Nai language
Kiong Nai (or Jiongnai, Chinese: 炯奈语; pinyin: Jiǒngnàiyǔ) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China. The speakers' autonym is pronounced [kjɔŋ33 nai33] or [kjaŋ31 nɛ31]; kjɔŋ33 means 'mountain', while nai33 means 'people'. Mao & Li (2002) believe it to be most closely related to She.
The Early Ayn Rand
The Early Ayn Rand: A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction is an anthology of unpublished early fiction written by the Russian-born American author Ayn Rand, first published in 1984, two years after her death. The selections include short stories, plays, and excerpts of material cut from her novels We the Living and The Fountainhead.

Stephen D. Cox
Stephen D. Cox (January 12, 1948 – September 6, 2024) was an author, literature and humanities professor, and libertarian commentator.

He was the editor of Liberty magazine, an American online libertarian and classical liberal review. Cox was a longtime professor of literature at the University of California, San Diego, and the author of several non-fiction books.
Matis language
Matis is a language spoken by the indigenous Matis people in the state of Amazonas in Brazil, on the border of Brazil and Peru. As of 2014 the population of Matis peoples had reached as high as 457. There are currently an estimated 350 Matis speakers. Matis language has a high level of transmission, especially among women and children, who are generally monolingual in Matis only. Portuguese is spoken by older male members of the Matis for trade purposes.

Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs.