hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-group (finite group theory)
In mathematical finite group theory, an N-group is a group all of whose local subgroups (that is, the normalizers of nontrivial p-subgroups) are solvable groups. The non-solvable ones were classified by Thompson during his work on finding all the minimal finite simple groups.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
History of the Washington Nationals
The Washington Nationals are a Major League Baseball team formed in 1969 as the Montreal Expos. In 2005, the Expos moved to Washington, D.C., and were renamed the Nationals. The franchise won the National League pennant in 2019, and has won its division five times. They won the World Series in 2019 against the Astros in game 7.

Anthony A. Williams
Anthony Allen Williams (born Anthony Stephen Eggleton; July 28, 1951) is an American politician who was the mayor of the District of Columbia, for two terms, from 1999 to 2007. Williams had previously served as chief financial officer for the district, managing to balance the budget and achieve a surplus within two years of appointment. He held a variety of executive posts in cities and states around the country prior to his service in the D.C. government. Since 2012, he has served as chief executive officer/executive director of the Federal City Council.
Coupe des Alliés
The Coupe des Alliés (English: Allied Cup) was an knockout football competition contested by French clubs. It was contested annually during the First World War between 1915 and 1918, and it was organized by USFSA (the predecessor of the French Football Federation), which opened this competition for all teams from all federations.

The Coupe des Alliés was one of the so-called French "wartime" football competitions during WWI, together with the USFSA Coupe Nationale (1915–19), the FGSPF Coupe Nationale (1915–18), the Challenge de la Renommée (1915–19), and the FCAF's Challenge de la Victoire (1915–16).

1916–17 LFA Interfederal Cup
The 1916–17 LFA Interfederal Cup (French: 1916–17 Coupe interfédérale) was a football competition organized by the Ligue de Football Association (LFA) between the champions of each federation that makes up the said committee. It has the particularity of being open to all associations, and the press of the time considers the competition as the "real French war championship". It was won by AS Française, who defeated Stade Rennais 2–1 in the final.
Intruder state
In quantum and theoretical chemistry, an intruder state is a particular situation arising in perturbative evaluations, where the energy of the perturbers is comparable in magnitude to the energy associated to the zero order wavefunction. In this case, a divergent behavior occurs, due to the nearly zero denominator in the expression of the perturbative correction.

Multi-reference wavefunction methods are not immune.  There are ways to identity them. The natural orbitals of the perturbation expansion are a useful diagnostic for detecting intruder state effects.  Sometimes what appears to be an intruder state is simply a change in basis.

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler, known system. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known (e.g. the time-independent Schrödinger equation: ) and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian () representing a weak disturbance to the known system to the original Hamiltonian () of the known system (i.e. ). If the disturbance is small, the new energy levels and eigenstates of the perturbed system can be expressed as "corrections" to the known energy levels and eigenstates of the simpler system. These corrections can be made at progressively smaller orders of magnitude until an n-th order that is so small a correction that it is negligible to the accuracy of the approximation.
Angel Puss
Angel Puss is a 1944 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on June 3, 1944.

The protagonist is a "Li'l Sambo" type blackface character who exhibits common racial stereotypes in speech, intelligence and fear of the supernatural. The African-American weekly newspaper The Pittsburgh Courier objected strongly to the cartoon, especially because it was run in Los Angeles alongside the March of Time short Americans All, on the theme of fighting prejudice and stereotypes. The film press did not acknowledge these concerns.

The short is one of the "Censored Eleven", a group of Warner Bros. animated shorts that are withheld from circulation due to their dated racist stereotyping and portrayals. This is also the only Looney Tunes short in the Censored Eleven, as the other shorts are Merrie Melodies, and the only short of the Censored Eleven Jones directed.

Censored Eleven
The Censored Eleven is a group of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons originally produced and released by Warner Bros. between 1931 and 1944. All of them have been withheld from syndication in the United States by United Artists (UA) since 1968. UA owned the distribution rights to the Associated Artists Productions library at that time, and decided to pull these 11 cartoons from broadcast because the use of ethnic stereotypes in the cartoons, specifically African and African-American stereotypes, was deemed too offensive for contemporary audiences.

The ban has been continued by UA and the successive owners of the pre-August 1948 Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies. Since 1968, these shorts have not been officially broadcast on television and have only been exhibited theatrically by Warner Bros. once (in 2010, see below for more details) since their withdrawal. They have turned up, however, on low-cost VHS and DVD collections.
Michigan's 36th Senate district
Michigan's 36th Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 36th district was created with the adoption of the 1963 Michigan Constitution, as the previous 1908 state constitution only permitted 34 senatorial districts. It has been represented by Republican Michele Hoitenga since 2023, succeeding fellow Republican Jim Stamas.

Montmorency County, Michigan
Montmorency County (/ˌmɒntməˈrɛnsi/ MONT-mə-REN-see) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,153, making it the second-least populous county in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, behind its southern neighbor, Oscoda County. The county seat is Atlanta.

Montmorency County is part of Northern Michigan, and is part of the Lake Huron watershed. The Thunder Bay River, which drains much of the county, flows to Lake Huron's Thunder Bay at Alpena.
Day Star First Nation
Day Star First Nation (Cree: ᑮᓯᑳᐘᒑᕽ kîsikâwacâhk) is a First Nations band government in Saskatchewan, Canada. Their reserves include:

Day Star 87

Last Mountain Lake 80A

Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77, shared with 32 other bands.

Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77
The Treaty Four Reserve Grounds 77 are an Indian reserve in Saskatchewan, Canada, shared by 33 band governments from Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The Reserve Grounds are surrounded by the town of Fort Qu'Appelle. In the 2016 Canadian Census, they recorded a population of 15 living in 6 of their 8 total private dwellings.

All bands are signatories to Treaty 4. This Reserve may belong to Assiniboine Chief Long Lodge #77, who was a treaty signatory chief to Treaty 4 in 1877 at Cypress Hills. Further this land was designated to be shared by all Treaty 4 bands in 1996 to commemorate the signing of the Treaty Land Entitlement agreements between First Nation and the Provincial and Federal Governments. It was given the #77 after this.
Toni Kallio
Toni Kari Mikael Kallio (born 9 August 1978) is a Finnish football coach and a former player. His preferred position as a player was left back, but he also operated as centre back and used to play as forward when he joined HJK. His nickname is "Bonecrusher", coming from his great physical presence and playing style.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Lakeview Resettlement Project Historic District
The Lakeview Resettlement Project Historic District encompasses a significant portion of a Depression-era agricultural resettlement project of the United States federal government in and around Lake View, Arkansas.  Covering nearly 4,400 acres (1,800 ha) on either side of Arkansas Highway 84 north of Old Town Lake, the area was developed in the 1930s by the Resettlement Administration as a rural community specifically developed for African-Americans.  Roads and houses were built through the area, and a successful farming community eventually arose.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Lake View, Arkansas
Lake View is a city in Phillips County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Lake View had a population of 327. There is also a Lakeview in Baxter County. The original settlement name was "Turkey Scratch" from the 1850s until the town was renamed in the 1920s. When the town was re-established in 1937, Lake View became one of three communities in Arkansas to be reserved for black farm families by the Resettlement Administration. It is one of the few communities in the U.S. with an African-American percentage at over 90 percent of the population.
Naudero
Naudero, also spelled Naundero, Nodero (Sindhi: نئون ديرو, Urdu: نوڈیرو) is a town and union council of Ratodero Taluka in the Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. The union council also includes the village of Garhi Khuda Bakhsh. It lies to the northwest of the district capital Larkana, connected by road. Irrigated by canals, the area is noted for its rice production. A sugar mill has been constructed in the area, funded by the Chinese. Asif Zardari held a press conference in the town two days after Benazir Bhutto's murder, accusing the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) party leadership of people responsible for her murder.
Her grave and that of her father's Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto are located in Naudero.

Larkana
Larkana (Sindhi: لاڙڪانو‎, romanized: lāṛkāṇō; Urdu: لاڑکانہ, romanized: lāṛkāna) is a city located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the 15th largest city of Pakistan by population. It is home to the Indus Valley civilization site Mohenjo-daro. The historic Indus River flows in east and south of the city.

The city is located within Larkana District. Formerly known as Chandka, Larkana is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, about 40 miles (64 km) south of the town Shikarpur, and 36 miles (58 km) northeast of Mehar. With a population of 551,716 in the 2023 Census of Pakistan, it is the 4th most populated city of Sindh province (after Karachi, Hyderabad, and Sukkur), and the 19th most populated city in PAKISTAN.
Brachytarsophrys intermedia
Brachytarsophrys intermedia (common name: Annam spadefoot toad) is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae.
It is found in the Central Highlands of southern Vietnam, Laos, and possibly Cambodia. This species might be a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense.

Its natural habitats are tropical forests. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by clear cutting and human settlement.

Brachytarsophrys carinense
Brachytarsophrys carinense (common names: Burmese horned toad, Karin Hills frog, and many others) is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is now understood to include Brachytarsophrys platyparietus of China. Defined this way, its distribution area includes southern Myanmar and the adjacent Thailand and southern China.

In Thailand, it is found in Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province and in Khao Nan National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.
Fitchburg Intermodal Transportation Center
The Fitchburg Intermodal Transportation Center is a regional rail and bus station located in downtown Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It is a stop on the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line and a hub for Montachusett Regional Transit Authority local and intercity bus routes.

Fitchburg Railroad
The Fitchburg Railroad is a former railroad company, which built a railroad line across northern Massachusetts, United States, leading to and through the Hoosac Tunnel. The Fitchburg was leased to the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1900. The main line from Boston to Fitchburg is now operated as the MBTA Fitchburg Line; Pan Am Railways runs freight service on some other portions.
Otto van Rees
Otto van Rees (4 January 1823 – 10 March 1892) was a Dutch liberal politician and the Colonial Governor of the Dutch East Indies.

Van Rees was Minister of Colonial Affairs of the Netherlands in 1879. He was president of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands from 22 September 1881 to 19 January 1884 and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies between 1884 and 1888.

Otto van Rees had the nickname ‘King Otto’ during the time he was the Colonial Governor in the Dutch East Indies.

Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
The speaker of the House of Representatives (Dutch: voorzitter van de Tweede Kamer), also known as the president or chair, is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the lower chamber of the States General of the Netherlands. Elected from among its 150 members, the speaker leads the meetings of the House and chairs its presidium and procedure committee. Prior to the 1982 constitutional revision, the speaker was appointed by the Crown, who usually followed the recommendations of the House.
Joe Martinek
"Jersey" Joe Martinek (born February 8, 1989) is an American former football fullback. He is the all-time high school leading rusher in New Jersey state history with 7,589 yards and was a running back at Rutgers. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the New York Giants after the 2012 NFL draft. Joe then played professionally in the Italian Football League for the Parma Panthers.

Italian Football League
Italian Football League (IFL; the name is in English) is the top level American football league in Italy first established in 1978. The first recognized league champion was crowned in 1980.

The annual final playoff game to determine the league champion is called the Italian Bowl, that awards, for American football, the title of "champion of Italy" and the scudetto.
Wu Hsiao-lin
Wu Hsiao-lin (Chinese: 巫孝霖; pinyin: Wū Xiàolín; born 4 February 1995) is a badminton player from Taiwan. In 2012, he won the silver medal at the Asian Junior Championships in the boys' doubles event partnered with Wang Chi-lin. Teamed-up with Lin Chia-yu, they reach the Vietnam Open finals. They failed to win the title after being beaten by the Indonesian pair in three sets. He and Lin won the men's doubles title at the Malaysia International tournament in 2014 and 2015. They also won the 2015 USA International tournament in the men's doubles event.

Wang Chi-lin
Wang Chi-lin (Chinese: 王齊麟; pinyin: Wáng Qílín; born 18 January 1995) is a Taiwanese badminton player who specializes in doubles. He is the 2020 and 2024 Olympics men's doubles champion, becoming the first doubles pair in Olympics history to win consecutive gold medals, and the first unseeded men's double to win the Olympics gold medals. He also won the men's doubles bronze medals at the 2018 World Championships, 2022 Asian Games, and at the 2023 Asian Championships. He reached a career high as World number 2 in September 2022 with his former partner Lee Yang. Wang also competed in the mixed doubles, winning the gold medal at the 2017 Summer Universiade with Lee Chia-hsin, with their career high were number 10 in the BWF World Rankings in June 2018.
1979 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1979 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 1 January 1979 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1979.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Royal Regiment of Wales
The Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division. It was formed in 1969 by the amalgamation of the South Wales Borderers and the Welch Regiment. The 1st Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot) had a short existence in military terms, just over 36 years. Within two months of amalgamation, the battalion was one of the first units to be deployed to Northern Ireland.

In 2006, the regiment amalgamated with the Royal Welch Fusiliers to form the Royal Welsh.
Scolonida gracilis
Scolonida gracilis is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae.

The males measure between about 23.3 and 46.7 millimetres (0.9 and 1.8 in) and the females between about 12.4 and 36.0 millimetres (0.5 and 1.4 in). It is found off of Tasmania and Victoria to Sydney, and in the Great Australian Bight, at depths between about 145 and 700 metres (480 and 2,300 ft). It is also found in the waters around New Zealand.

In 2021, Munida chydaea was synonymised with Munida gracilis. The specific name chydaea was derived from the Greek χυδαῖος (khudaîos), "abundant", in reference to how numerous the species is.

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
Dennis Bradshaw
Dennis Allene Bradshaw (born August 14, 1936) is an American former tennis player.

A native of San Diego, Bradshaw won the singles title at the Delaware Grass Court Championships in 1954.

Bradshaw has the unusual distinction of reaching the quarter-finals the only time she appeared in a grand slam tournament, at the 1954 U.S. National Championships. Following a walkover win over fourth-seed Margaret duPont in the third round, she lost her final eight match to Darlene Hard in three sets.

In 1955 she represented the United States at the Pan American Games in Mexico.

Margaret Osborne duPont
Margaret Osborne duPont (born Margaret Evelyn Osborne; March 4, 1918 – October 24, 2012) was a world No. 1 American female tennis player.

DuPont won a total of 37 singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles major titles, which places her fourth on the all-time list, despite never entering the Australian Championships. She won 25 of those major titles at the U.S. Championships, which is an all-time record.
Noboru Akiyama
Noboru Akiyama (秋山 登, Akiyama Noboru; born February 3, 1934, died August 12, 2000) was a Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher, originally from Okayama, Okayama. He played with the Taiyo Whales. He is a member of the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame
The Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (野球体育博物館, Yakyū Taiiku Hakubutsukan), commonly known outside of Japan as the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame, is a hall of fame and museum in Tokyo dedicated to professional baseball, with a prominent focus on professional baseball in Japan. The Hall is intended to honor and commemorate inducted players, executives, umpires, and other individuals who developed and/or made a significant impact towards the sport of baseball in Japan.
Dominican salsa
While the Dominican Republic is known for shaping merengue and bachata music, its musicians have also melded these influences into the early development of salsa music amongst the Latin community of New York City in the early 1960s. A major development in those initial days of NYC’s Salsa genre occurred when Johnny Pacheco, a Dominican-born musician living in New York City, teamed with partner Jerry Masucci to create Fania Records in 1964. They started selling records from the trunk of cars on the streets of Spanish Harlem, signing up young Puerto Rican Salsa artists having created new sounds, and eventually having hit records. Over the next 15 years, Fania Records helped define the sound, culture, and language associated with the salsa genre, a musical movement that arose partly from the unavailability in the United States of music produced in Cuba.

José Alberto "El Canario"
José Alberto Justiniano (born December 22, 1958, in Villa Consuelo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic), better known by his stage name José Alberto "El Canario", is a salsa singer from the Dominican Republic. José Alberto moved to Puerto Rico with his family at the age of seven, and inspired by his rich Dominican culture went on to polish his singing at Las Antillas Military Academy. He relocated to New York in the early 1970s and sang with several orchestras. He received international attention as the singer of Típica 73 in October 1977.
New France livre
The livre was the currency of New France, the French colony in modern-day Canada. It was subdivided into 20 sols, each of 12 deniers. The New France livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of paper money.

French sol
The sol, later called a sou, is the name of a number of different coins, for accounting or payment, dating from Antiquity to today. The name is derived from the late-Roman and Byzantine solidus. Its longevity of use anchored it in many expressions of the French language.
Jatunñaño Punta
Jatunñaño Punta or Jatunñano Punta (possibly from Quechua hatun (in Bolivia always jatun) big, ñañu thin (cylindrical objects), slim, punta peak; ridge; first, before, in front of,) is a mountain in the Vilcanota  mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,812 metres (19,068 ft) high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. Jatunñaño Punta lies north of the lake Sibinacocha.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.