hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legal interpretation in South Africa
Legal interpretation in South Africa refers to the juridical understanding of South African legislation and case law, and the rules and principles used to construct its meaning for judicial purposes. Broadly speaking there are three means by which and through which South African scholars and jurists construe their country's statutory law: linguistics or semantics, common law and jurisprudence. Although statutory interpretation usually involves a personal predisposition to the text, the goal is generally to "concretise" it: to harmonise text and purpose. This is the final step in the interpretative process. Statutory interpretation is broadly teleological, comprising as it does first the evaluation and then the application of enacted law.

Interim Constitution (South Africa)
The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from during the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997. As a transitional constitution it required the newly elected Parliament to also serve as a constituent assembly to adopt a final constitution. It made provision for a major restructuring of government as a consequence of the abolition of apartheid. It also introduced an entrenched bill of rights against which legislation and government action could be tested, and created the Constitutional Court with broad powers of judicial review.
Oblivious pseudorandom function
An oblivious pseudorandom function (OPRF) is a cryptographic function, similar to a keyed-hash function, but with the distinction that in an OPRF two parties cooperate to securely compute a pseudorandom function (PRF).

Rate limiting
In computer networks, rate limiting is used to control the rate of requests sent or received by a network interface controller. It can be used to prevent DoS attacks and limit web scraping.

Research indicates flooding rates for one zombie machine are in excess of 20 HTTP GET requests per second, legitimate rates much less.

Rate limiting should be used along with throttling pattern to minimize the number of throttling errors.
Owen, South Australia
Owen (postcode 5460) is a rural community in the heart of the Adelaide Plains. Owen is 46 metres (150 ft) above sea-level and receives a reliable 416 mm (16.4 in) of rain annually. First settled in about 1865, it is about 80 km (50 mi) north of Adelaide in South Australia and is approximately 40 minutes by road to the nearest main regional centre of Gawler. It is in the Wakefield Regional Council.

Gawler
Gawler, established in 1839,  is the oldest country town in the state of South Australia. It was named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative) of the colony of South Australia, George Gawler. It is about  40–44 km (25–27 mi) north of the state capital, Adelaide, and is close to the major wine producing district of the Barossa Valley. Topographically, Gawler lies at the confluence of two tributaries of the Gawler River, the North and South Para rivers, where they emerge from a range of low hills.

Historically a semi-rural area, Gawler has been swept up in Adelaide's growth in recent years, and is now counted as a suburb in the Outer Metro region of the Greater Adelaide Planning Region. The town had a population of 28,562 in the 2021 Census.
Penkovka culture
The Penkovka culture (Ukrainian: Пеньківська культура, romanized: Penkivska kultura; also called Penkivka culture or Penkivska culture) is an archaeological culture in Ukraine, Moldova and reaching into Romania. Its western boundary is usually taken to at the middle Prut and Dniester rivers, where contact with the Korchak culture occurs. Its bearers are commonly identified as the Antes people of 6th-century Byzantine historiography.

Florin Curta
Florin Curta (born January 15, 1965) is a Romanian-born American archaeologist and historian who is a professor of medieval history and archaeology at the University of Florida. Curta is known for an unorthodox approach and interpretation of the ethnogenesis of the Early Slavs, a hypothesis published first in The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region (2001), and met with negative criticism.
The 13th Hour
The 13th Hour is the sixth studio album by Midnight Syndicate, released June 7, 2005, by Entity Productions. The album took listeners on a journey through a haunted Victorian mansion through the blend of symphonic gothic horror instrumental music and horror-inspired soundscape the band had become known for. Since its release, it has become one of the band's most popular titles, winning awards in the gaming industry  and inspiring the prequel-themed album, Bloodlines, in 2021.

Origins Awards
The Origins Awards are American awards for outstanding work in the gaming industry. They are presented by the Game Manufacturers Association (GAMA) at the Origins Game Fair on an annual basis for games released in the preceding year. For example, the 1979 awards were given at the 1980 game fair. Award categories include board games, card games, tabletop role-playing games, strategy games, and game accessories.
Tricentennial Park
Tricentennial Park is the name of several parks throughout the United States:

William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor– formerly the Tri-centennial State Park in Michigan

Tricentennial Park (Albany, New York)

Tricentennial Park (Ponce, Puerto Rico)

Tricentennial Park (Albany, New York)
Tricentennial Park is an urban park in Albany, New York built to commemorate that city's three hundredth anniversary as an incorporated city and is the site of several statues and monuments. The park encompasses the entire block bounded by Broadway to the east, Columbia Street to the north, James Street to the west, and Steuben Street to the south. First proposed in 1914 it was built in 1986 as part of the tricentennial celebrations of Albany's incorporation as a city in association with the renovation of the Albany Union Station.
Arriva Herts & Essex
Arriva Herts & Essex is a bus operator providing services in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire, with services extending to Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Greater London. Until 2002 its operations included Colchester. It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus.

Operations are split between two registered companies, Arriva East Herts & Essex Limited and Arriva The Shires Limited.

Arriva UK Bus
Arriva UK Bus is a major bus operator in the United Kingdom based in Sunderland, England. It is a subsidiary of Arriva which runs transport services across Europe, which was a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn from 2010. In October 2023, Deutsche Bahn agreed terms to sell Arriva to I Squared Capital with the transaction completed in June 2024. This included Arriva UK Bus.

Arriva UK Bus operates 793 buses in the North East, North West, South East, Yorkshire & the Humber, West Midlands, East Midlands, Greater London and Wales. It employs 16,000 people.
Aspergillus violaceus
Aspergillus violaceus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 1955. It has been isolated from soil in Ghana. It has been reported to produce aspermutarubrol, asperthecin, desferritriacetylfusigen, sterigmatocystin, violaceol I, violaceol II, and violaceic acid.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Wardriving
Wardriving is the act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless networks as well as cell towers, usually from a moving vehicle, using a laptop or smartphone. Software for wardriving is freely available on the internet.

Warbiking, warcycling, warwalking and similar use the same approach but with other modes of transportation.

Wireless network
A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking allows homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Admin telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.

Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks.
Don Connellan
Don Connellan (26 September 1973 – 4 August 2025) was an Irish Gaelic football manager and player. He played his football for the Kilmore club and at senior level for the Roscommon county team, while working as a garda.

Connellan was from Kilmore. He made his senior inter-county championship debut in 1993 in a 1–12 to 1–10 win over Leitrim in Carrick-on-Shannon. Connellan won a Connacht Senior Football Championship title while playing for Roscommon in 2001.

As a manager, he led Moycullen to a maiden Galway Senior Football Championship title in 2020. Don would again lead Moycullen to another county title in 2022, before going on to win the Connaught Club Championship, beating Sligo champions Tourlestrane by a scoreline of 13pts to 6pts.

Don was part of Maurice Sheridan's management team when NUI Galway got a Sigerson Cup in 2022, beating University of Limerick in the final by 12 pts to 1-6.

Connellan died on 4 August 2025, at the age of 51.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Elections in Hawaii
Elections in Hawaii are held for various local, state, and federal seats in the state of Hawaii. Regular elections are held every even year, although special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time. The primary election is held on the second Saturday in August, while the general election is held on Election Day, which is the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

In a 2020 study, Hawaii was ranked as the 6th-easiest state for citizens to vote in, based on registration and identification requirements, and convenience provisions.

The next scheduled statewide general election in Hawaii will take place on November 3, 2026. The most recent statewide election was held on November 5, 2024.

2022 Hawaii Senate election
The 2022 Hawaii Senate elections were held on November 8, 2022, to elect senators in all 25 districts of the state Senate of the U.S. state of Hawaii. Due to the chamber's use of the 2-4-4 term system, members were elected in single-member constituencies, with half of them serving two-year terms and the other half serving four-year terms. These elections were held concurrently with various federal and state elections, including for governor of Hawaii. Partisan primaries were held on August 13.

The Democratic Party maintained supermajority control of the chamber, although Republicans were able to win two seats, a first for the party since the 2008 election.
Klęcz
Klęcz [klɛnt͡ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Widawa, 25 km (16 mi) south of Łask, and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Charles Haddon-Cave
Sir Charles Anthony Haddon-Cave (born 20 March 1956), styled The Rt Hon Lord Justice Haddon-Cave, is a British judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and served as the Senior Presiding Judge for England and Wales from 2021 to 2022.

Parsons Green train bombing
On 15 September 2017, at around 08:20 BST (07:20 UTC), an explosion occurred on a District line train at Parsons Green Underground station, in London, England. Thirty people were treated in hospital or an urgent care centre for injuries, mostly burns, caused by a crudely assembled "bucket bomb" with a timer containing shrapnel and the explosive TATP that failed to detonate fully. Police arrested the main suspect, 18-year-old Iraqi asylum seeker Ahmed Hassan, in a departure area of the Port of Dover the next day, and subsequently raided several addresses, including the foster home of an elderly couple in Sunbury-on-Thames where Hassan lived following his arrival in the United Kingdom two years earlier claiming to be an asylum seeker.

The incident was classified by Europol as a case of jihadist terrorism.
Southern Indiana Screaming Eagles men's basketball
The Southern Indiana Screaming Eagles men's basketball team, also previously known as the Indiana State University-Evansville Screaming Eagles, represents the University of Southern Indiana in Evansville, Indiana, United States. The Screaming Eagles currently compete in the Division I Ohio Valley Conference.

The team is currently led by sixth-year head coach Stan Gouard and play their home games at Liberty Arena.

Liberty Arena, Home of the Screaming Eagles
Liberty Arena, Home of the Screaming Eagles is a multi-purpose arena in Vanderburgh County, Indiana with an Evansville mailing address. It is the home arena of the Southern Indiana Screaming Eagles at the University of Southern Indiana. Seating 4,800 people for basketball games, it opened in 2019 (as the Screaming Eagles Arena) after being rebuilt from the previous much smaller Physical Activities Center or PAC Arena to better prepare for what would eventually become a transition to Division I athletics.

During a press conference on Thursday, October 31, 2024, the University of Southern Indiana announced Liberty Federal Credit Union has made a historic $10 million gift to the University of Southern Indiana Foundation for USI Athletics, securing the naming rights to the Screaming Eagles Arena for the next 20 years. The arena will now be named Liberty Arena, Home of the Screaming Eagles.
Bonifacio High Street
Bonifacio High Street is a mixed-use development in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines located near Serendra, Market! Market! and SM Aura Premier. It is owned by Ayala Malls, a real-estate subsidiary of Ayala Land, which is an affiliate of Ayala Corporation.

The mall offers a mix of high-end retail shops, restaurants, amenities, leisure and entertainment in the Philippines. Currently, the mall has four sections: the first and second blocks are an open-air shopping, the third block is a mixture of open-air and indoor commercial buildings dubbed as the “Bonifacio High Street Central” that also includes state-of-the-art cinemas, and the fourth block named Bonifacio High Street South or simply High Street South is a mixture of open-air and indoor commercial-residential buildings.

As of 2024, it is the 43rd most expensive retail street in the world.

Ayala Malls
Ayala Malls is a retail subsidiary of real estate company Ayala Land, an affiliate of Ayala Corporation. Founded in 1988, Ayala Malls owns a chain of large shopping malls, all located in the Philippines. It is one of the largest shopping mall retailers in the Philippines, alongside SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls.
Yeşilköy, Kızıltepe
Yeşilköy (Kurdish: Xanika) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Erbanî and Xalecan tribes and had a population of 65 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Hamilton Academical F.C. Reserves and Academy
In addition to their first team competing in Scottish League One, Hamilton Academical F.C. also maintain a reserve team competing in the SPFL Reserve League. A reserve team was fielded for many years until the abandonment of the most recent league for those teams in 2009. An under-20 side took part in the SPFL Development League until it was disbanded in 2018.

The club has also maintained a youth academy for younger age groups, with teams playing in competitions such as the Scottish Challenge Cup and the Scottish Youth Cup; as of 2025, that structure is in hiatus as a consequence of a range of issues affecting the wider club.

Scottish Youth Cup
The Scottish Youth Cup (also known as the SFA Youth Cup) is an annual Scottish football competition run by the Scottish Football Association for under-18 teams,
previously under-19 teams. The competition started in 1983–84 and is open to all clubs in full membership of SFA.

The competition's first winners, Celtic, have won the competition 16 times, more than any other club. Kilmarnock are the current holders, after defeating Dundee in the final of the 2024–25 competition.

The final of the 2019–20 season and the whole of the 2020–21 competition was not held due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Ghost Town Trail (Saskatchewan)
Ghost Town Trail is a stretch of highway located in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The trail coincides with Saskatchewan's Highway 13 between Govenlock and Wauchope. Along this highway are 32 "ghost towns".

Govenlock
Govenlock is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51, Saskatchewan, Canada. It previously held the status of a village, with a peak population of 151 residents; its village status was dissolved on January 1, 1976. The former townsite of Govenlock is located on Highway 21 and Highway 13, also known as the historic Red Coat Trail, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the Alberta–Saskatchewan border and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the Canada–United States border. Although many cement foundations and wooden sidewalks can still be found scattered around the town site, the only building that still stands as of 2010 is the old community hall and a commemorative plaque in remembrance of Govenlock's history.
2003–04 FIBA Europe Cup
The 2003–04 FIBA Europe Cup was the second season of the  FIBA Europe Cup. After its first season as FIBA's revived' Champions Cup the competition was renamed and now considered Europe's fourth level professional club basketball tournament. However it kept the previous competition system dividing the teams in conferences and the three top teams would now automatically qualify to FIBA Europe League 's following season.

The season started on 5 November 2003, and ended on 28 March 2004. A total number of 41 teams participated in the competition.

FIBA EuroCup Challenge
The FIBA EuroCup Challenge was the 4th-tier level transnational professional continental club basketball competition in Europe, organised by FIBA Europe. However, it was considered Europe's 2nd tier level club basketball competition in its inaugural 2002–03 season.

The competition was founded in 2002, following a conflict between FIBA Europe and ULEB during the 2001–02 season. It was an attempt by FIBA to expand its secondary tournament held during the previous season:, the FIBA Europe Regional Challenge Cup, by merging it with the FIBA Europe Champions Cup.

Each season's finalists were promoted to the next season's more prestigious 3rd-tier level competition, the FIBA EuroChallenge. The competition ultimately ceased in 2007.
Major sports event hosting in Britain during the 2010s
The United Kingdom was awarded a number of major international sporting events during the 2010s leading to an idea of a 'Golden Decade' in British sport. The idea of the golden decade has been discussed in many newspapers and has been mentioned by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Lord Coe.

2014–15 European Rugby Challenge Cup
The 2014–15 European Rugby Challenge Cup was the first season of the European Rugby Challenge Cup, the annual rugby union competition. It is the 19th season of second tier pan-European club competition in general, as the competition replaces the European Challenge Cup. The competition began with the first round of the group stage, on the weekend of 16 October 2014, and ended with the final on 1 May 2015 at the Twickenham Stoop.

Gloucester became the first ever champions of the newly formatted competition, beating Edinburgh, who became the first ever Scottish team to make a European final, 19–13, with 14 men on the pitch for the final 17 minutes after centre Bill Meakes was sent off because of a dangerous high tackle off the ball on Edinburgh centre Sam Beard.
Ouagadou
Ouagadou is a commune in the Cercle of Nara in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. The commune contains the town of Goumbou which is the administrative centre and 6 villages. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 19,123. Goumbou is 28 km southwest of Nara, the administrative centre (chef-lieu) of the cercle.

Nara, Mali
Nara (Bambara: ߣߊߙߊ tr. Nara) is a town and rural commune in the Koulikoro Region of southwestern Mali. The town is the administrative center of the  Nara Cercle. It is about 37 kilometres (23 mi), south of the international border with Mauritania and approximately 374 kilometres (232 mi), by road, northeast of the Malian capital, Bamako.

The rural commune covers an area of 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi) and includes the town and 16 surrounding villages. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 19,793.
Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site
The Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) Radar Bomb Scoring AUTOTRACK radar station. It was Formerly Used Defense Site I04GA0575. Detachment 3 of the 10th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron had begun "Statesboro Bomb Plot" operations by June 1963.

In addition to a Reeves AN/MSQ-39 Bomb Scoring Central with Fresnel antenna, during the Vietnam War the station used a Soviet T2A radar with 2 radomes for simulating surface-to-air missile tracking to train/exercise aircraft crews in electronic countermeasures (electronic warfare).

Formerly Used Defense Sites
Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS or FDS) are properties that were owned by, leased to, or otherwise possessed by the United States and under the jurisdiction of the United States Secretary of Defense. The term also refers to the U.S. military program created in 1986 for assessment and environmental restoration, if any, led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.