hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
District of Milan
The District of Milan was one of the four divisions of the Department of Olona, the province of Milan during the Napoleonic Italian Republic. It received the numeral I and its capital was Milan. Founded on May 13, 1801, it had a population of 217,807 inhabitants.

Cormano
Cormano (Milanese: Cormàn [kurˈmãː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Milan.

Cormano borders the following municipalities: Paderno Dugnano, Bollate, Cusano Milanino, Bresso, Novate Milanese, Milan.

It was previously served by the Cormano-Cusano Milanino railway station, which was closed in 2015, and replaced by the Cormano-Cusano Milanino railway station.
Bethlehem Pike
Bethlehem Pike is a historic 42.21 mi (67.93 km) long road in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that connects Philadelphia and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. It began as a Native American path called the Minsi Trail which developed into a colonial highway called the King's Road in the 1760s. Most of the route later became part of U.S. Route 309, now Pennsylvania Route 309.

Pennsylvania Route 191
Pennsylvania Route 191 (PA 191) is a 111.54 mi (179.51 km)-long state highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The route, a major non-freeway corridor connecting the Lehigh Valley to the Pocono Mountains in eastern Pennsylvania, is designated from U.S. Route 22 (US 22) in Brodhead near Bethlehem to the New York state line over the Delaware River at Hancock, New York.

Commissioned on April 17, 1961, the route replaced the PA 12 and PA 90 numbers that were in place from the late 1920s to the 1960s. From 1961 to 1976, PA 191 was routed south of US 22 through Bethlehem and terminated at PA 309 in Center Valley. PA 378 replaced the designation from Center Valley to the Lehigh River crossing in Bethlehem.
Cosmos Music Group
Cosmos Music, formerly Bonnier Amigo Music Group (BAMG), is an independent record company based in Stockholm, Sweden. It was formed in 2001, when record company and distributor Amigo Musik merged with the record company Bonnier Music. BAMG claimed to be the biggest independent record company in Scandinavia at the time.

BAMG signed acts including Helena Paparizou, Sunrise Avenue, Madcon, Amy Diamond and Sofia Karlsson. BAMG was also the Scandinavian representative of some of the most influential independent record companies in Europe, including ACT, Dramatico, Cooking Vinyl, Cooperative Music, Epitaph, Roadrunner Records and MNW.

In late 2009, Carl Fredik Ekander, Cai Leitner, Kent Isaacs and Christian Drougge bought Bonnier Amigo from Bonnier Group and subsequently renamed the company Cosmos Music.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Wayanad Chetti language
Wayanad Chetti (IPA: [ʋɐjɐnaːɖə̆ t͡ʃeʈːi]), or Chetti, is a Southern Dravidian language of India spoken by Wayanadan Chetti community in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India. It has 62-76% lexical similarity with Gowder, 65% with Jen Kurumba and 52% with Kannada. Kannada is the closest major language. Their language is also very similar to Badaga.

Jenu Kurumba language
Jenu Kurumba (IPA: [d͡ʒeːnu kurumbɐ]), also known as Jen Kurumba or Jennu Kurumba, is a Southern Dravidian language of the Tamil–Kannada subgroup spoken by the Jenu Kuruba/Kattunayakan tribe. It is often considered to constitute a dialect of Kannada; however, Ethnologue classifies it as a separate language. Jenu Kurumba speakers are situated on the Nilgiri Hills cross-border area between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, Mysore and Kodagu districts of Karnataka, and Wayanad district of Kerala. The speakers of the language call it "nama basha" (transl. our language).
Jayanta Bhatta
Jayanta Bhatta (c. 820 CE – c. 900 CE) was a poet, teacher, logician, and an advisor to King Sankaravarman of Kashmir. He was a philosopher of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy. He authored three works on Nyāya philosophy: one of which is not known, an allegorical drama, and a commentary on Pāṇinian grammar, He refutes the arguments given by Buddhist philosophers like Dharmakirti and Dignāga against the Vedas and establishes the authority of the Vedas.

Dharmakirti
Dharmakīrti (fl. c. 600–670 CE) was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā. He was one of the key scholars of epistemology (pramāṇa) in Buddhist philosophy, and is associated with the Yogācāra and Sautrāntika schools. He was also one of the primary theorists of Buddhist atomism. His works influenced the scholars of Mīmāṃsā, Nyaya and Shaivism schools of Hindu philosophy as well as scholars of Jainism.

Dharmakīrti's Pramāṇavārttika, his largest and most important work, was very influential in India and Tibet as a central text on pramana ('valid knowledge instruments'), and was widely commented on by various Indian and Tibetan scholars. His texts remain part of studies in the monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism.
Arial, South Carolina
Arial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pickens County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,607 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mauldin, South Carolina
Mauldin is a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 24,724 at the 2020 census, making it the 19th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is located in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kovača Vas, Slovenska Bistrica
Kovača Vas (pronounced [kɔˈʋaːtʃa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Kovača vas) is a settlement in the hills just north of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Roch and belongs to the Parish of Slovenska Bistrica. It was built in 1922.

Slovenska Bistrica
Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnska ˈbíːstɾitsa] ⓘ; German: Windisch-Feistritz) is a town south of Maribor in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica, one of the largest municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The town is included in the Drava Statistical Region. Together with neighboring Slovenske Konjice they form a regional centre of the Upper Dravinja valley and southern Pohorje, sometimes referred to as the Dravinja region (Dravinjska).
20-Pipe Well
The 20 Pipe Well (German: 20-Röhren-Brunnen) is a water well in the Rhineland-Palatinate village of Altleiningen in the northeast of the Palatinate Forest. The well was probably driven around 1600 and was used originally to supply drinking water to Altleiningen Castle on the hill above. Its present design dates to 1855.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
Metacompact space
In the mathematical field of general topology, a topological space is said to be metacompact if every open cover has a point-finite open refinement. That is, given any open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement that is again an open cover with the property that every point is contained only in finitely many sets of the refining cover.

A space is countably metacompact if every countable open cover has a point-finite open refinement.

Normal space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a normal space is a topological space in which any two disjoint closed sets have disjoint open neighborhoods.  Such spaces need not be Hausdorff in general.  A normal Hausdorff space is called a T4 space.  Strengthenings of these concepts are detailed in the article below and include completely normal spaces and perfectly normal spaces, and their Hausdorff variants: T5 spaces and T6 spaces.
All these conditions are examples of separation axioms.
Alviso, San Jose
Alviso is a district of San Jose, California, located in North San Jose on the southern shores of San Francisco Bay. Originally an independent town, founded in 1852, today Alviso is San Jose's only waterfront district, primarily residential in nature, with several Silicon Valley tech companies and recreation-oriented businesses. Alviso is named after 19th-century Californio ranchero Ignacio Alviso, who owned the area as part of his Rancho Rincón de Los Esteros.

The Guadalupe River separates Alviso from Santa Clara and Sunnyvale to the west, while Coyote Creek separates Alviso from Milpitas to the east. Alviso is the lowest point in the San Francisco Bay Area at 13 feet (4.0 m) below sea level.

Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara (/ˌsæntə ˈklærə/ SAN-tə KLAR-ə; Spanish for 'Saint Clare') is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area. Located in the southern Bay Area, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra.

Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Nvidia. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest private university in California; Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers; and California's Great America amusement park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on almost every side, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to the west.
Stojan Ivković
Stojan Ivković (Serbian Cyrillic: Стојан Ивковић; born February 5, 1966) is a Montenegrin professional basketball coach and former player. He currently works as a head coach for the Hungary national team and as a head coach for the Kaposvári KK of the Hungarian First League.

Kecskeméti TE (basketball)
Kecskeméti TE, for sponsorship reasons named KTE-Duna Aszfalt, is the basketball team of the Hungarian sports club Kecskeméti TE, based in Kecskemét. The team plays in the NB I/A, the Hungarian first division.
Pawo
In Vajrayana Buddhism, Pawo (Wylie: dpa' bo; literally "brave guy") is translated hero or warrior.  Depending on context, it can refer to  the ideal of a Vajrayana practitioner; to living people (where it is sometimes used as an honorific or part of a name); to legendary or mythical figures from the past; or to purely spiritual beings.

"Pawo" translates the Sanskrit terms daka and vira, with similar meaning.

Pawos are typically described in consort with khandros, their feminine counterparts. The feminine form of the term pawo is pamo.

The tülku Nenang Pawo is often known simply as Pawo Rinpoche.

The concept of spiritual hero, or courageous fearless spiritual practitioner, plays a central role in Chögyam Trungpa's Shambhala terma, where "pawo" is translated "warrior".

Shambhala Training
Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation and a new religious movement developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and his students. It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as realizable by people of all faiths through practices of mindfulness/awareness, non-aggression, and sacred outlook.
Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms
Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms are a group of microorganisms (both bacteria and archaea) that can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing a metal as terminal electron acceptor rather than molecular oxygen (O2), which is the terminal electron acceptor reduced to water (H2O) in aerobic respiration. The most common metals used for this end are iron [Fe(III)] and manganese [Mn(IV)], which are reduced to Fe(II) and Mn(II) respectively, and most microorganisms that reduce Fe(III) can reduce Mn(IV) as well. But other metals and metalloids are also used as terminal electron acceptors, such as vanadium [V(V)], chromium [Cr(VI)], molybdenum [Mo(VI)], cobalt [Co(III)], palladium [Pd(II)], gold [Au(III)], and mercury [Hg(II)].

Geobacter
Geobacter is a genus of bacteria.  Geobacter species use anaerobic respiration to alter the redox state of minerals and many pollutants, a trait that makes them useful in bioremediation. Geobacter was the first organism described with the ability to completely oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide, and transfer these electrons to metals such as Fe(III), Mn(IV), and U(VI). Geobacter species are also found to be able to transfer electrons to conductive surfaces such as graphite electrodes. They are found in anaerobic habitats including wetlands, subsurface aquifers, soils, and aquatic sediment.
Ongiara (ferry)
The Ongiara is a 61-year-old Toronto Island ferry operated by the Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division of the City of Toronto government. The ferry serves the Toronto Islands from a dock at Jack Layton Ferry Terminal in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Jack Layton Ferry Terminal
The Jack Layton Ferry Terminal (formerly called the Toronto Island Ferry Docks) is the ferry slip for Toronto Island ferries operated by the City of Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division. Three ferry routes provide transportation between mainland Toronto and Centre Island, Hanlan's Point and Ward's Island in the Toronto Islands, with levels of service to each destination differing depending on time of year. The terminal is located in the Toronto Harbour, behind the Westin Harbour Castle Hotel and adjacent to Harbour Square Park. It is south of Bay Street and Queens Quay in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Toronto Island Ferry Docks were renamed the Jack Layton Ferry Terminal in 2013 to honour Jack Layton, who served as a Toronto city councillor, and was later leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) and leader of the Official Opposition.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "A festa da vida", composed by José Calvário, with lyrics by José Niza, and performed by Carlos Mendes. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), selected its entry at the Grande Prémio TV da Canção Portuguesa 1972. This was Mendes' second participation in Eurovision, having already represented Portugal in 1968, finishing in 11th place.

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 with the song "Verão", composed by Pedro Vaz Osório, with lyrics by José Alberto Diogo, and performed by Carlos Mendes. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), selected its entry at the Grande Prémio TV da Canção Portuguesa 1968.
Pancreatitis (veterinary)
Pancreatitis is a common condition in cats and dogs. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can occur in two very different forms. Acute pancreatitis is sudden, while chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurring or persistent form of pancreatic inflammation. Cases of both can be considered mild or severe. It is currently undecided whether chronic pancreatitis is a distinct disease or a form of acute pancreatitis. Other forms such as auto-immune and hereditary pancreatitis are presumed to occur but the existence of these forms has not been proven.

Pancreatitis occurs in approximately 0.8% of dogs and 0.6% of cats. Severe pancreatitis is often fatal.

Bile duct
A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates. The bile duct is separated into three main parts: the fundus (superior), the body (middle), and the neck (inferior).

Bile is required for the digestion of food and is secreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct. It joins the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct which then opens into the intestine.
Thorgaut Island
Thorgaut Island is an island off Antarctica, the largest island in the northeast part of the Robinson Group, lying 7 nautical miles (13 km) northwest of Cape Daly on the coast of Antarctica, 4 nautical miles (7 km) east of Andersen Island, and 3 to 4 nautical miles (5 – 6 km) north-west of Kirton Island and Macklin Island, which are also part of the Robinson Group.

The islands were sighted in 1931 by the crew of the Norwegian whaling ships Thorgaut and Robinson. The name Robinson was applied to the group, and the name Thorgaut to its most conspicuous member.

Macklin Island
Macklin Island is a small island in the eastern part of the Robinson Group, about 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) north of Kirton Island, and 6 kilometres (3 nmi) northwest of Cape Daly, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for E.L. Macklin, a radio officer at Mawson Station in 1955 and 1959.
Bagh-e Kalak
Bagh-e Kalak (Persian: باغ كلك, also Romanized as Bāgh-e Kalak) is a village in Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Dishmok District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 342, in 61 families.

Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Bahmayi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Dishmuk District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Dishmuk.
Vasyugan Plain
The Vasyugan Plain or Vasyuganye (Russian: Васюганье) is the vast area of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve that covers the basin of the Vasyugan river. It is part of the West Siberian Plain and lies within the Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Tomsk oblasts of Russia. To the south it transitions into the Baraba Steppe (Baraba Lowland). Most of its territory is occupied the Vasyugan Swamp.

The nearly circular area around Vasyugan is known as Vasyugan steppe or Vasyugan tundra.

The Vasyugan nature reserve of area 614,803 hectares is in the middle of the plain, established on December 16, 2017. It includes areas of the Vasyugan Swamp.

Irtysh
The Irtysh (/ɜːrˈtɪʃ, ˈɪərtɪʃ/) is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.

The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia.

The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol, Demyanka and the Ishim. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.
Paul Terry (cartoonist)
Paul Houlton Terry (February 19, 1887 – October 25, 1971) was an American cartoonist, animator, screenwriter, film director and producer. He produced over 1,300 cartoons between 1915 and 1955 including the many Terrytoons cartoons. His studio's most famous character is Mighty Mouse, and also created Heckle and Jeckle, Gandy Goose and Dinky Duck.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
USS Chicago (CA-136)
41°53′31″N 87°35′55″W﻿ / ﻿41.8918693°N 87.5986863°W﻿ / 41.8918693; -87.5986863

USS Chicago (CA-136/CG-11) was a Baltimore-class heavy cruiser laid down on 28 July 1943 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US, by the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Launched on 20 August 1944, she was sponsored by Mrs. Edward J. Kelly, wife of the Mayor of Chicago, Illinois, and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 10 January 1945, Captain Richard R. Hartung, USN, in command.  She served in some of the last battles around the Japan home islands in WWII, and as part of the post war occupation fleet.  Decommissioned after the war, she was refitted as a missile cruiser beginning in the late 1950s and recommissioned in 1964, serving during the Vietnam War.  She served until 1980. USS Chicago CG-11 carried the title of "The World's Most Powerful Guided Missile Cruiser".

Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi).  It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coastline of Vietnam down to the Cồn Cỏ island, in the north by China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to the east by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island.

English sources from the People's Republic of China refer to the Gulf of Tonkin as Beibu Wan.
Montagny-près-Louhans
Montagny-près-Louhans (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃taɲi pʁɛ lu.ɑ̃], literally Montagny near Louhans) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Louhans
Louhans (French pronunciation: [lu.ɑ̃]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Louhans is the capital of Bresse bourguignonne and a subprefecture of the department.
Brian and Michael
Brian and Michael were a British music duo best known for their 1978 UK number one hit single, "Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs". Without further chart entries, they remain one-hit wonders in the UK. They comprised two members: Michael Coleman and Kevin Parrott.

Pye Records
Pye Records is an independent British record label. It was first established in 1955 and played a major role in shaping rock 'n' roll and pop music history, with artists including Lonnie Donegan (1956–1969), Petula Clark (1957–1971), the Searchers (1963–1967), the Kinks (1964–1971), Sandie Shaw (1964–1971), Status Quo (1968–1971) and Brotherhood of Man (1975–1979). In 1980, the Pye name was dropped due to trademark issues, and the label changed its name to PRT Records (distributing as Precision Records & Tapes). In 2006, the label was briefly reactivated as Pye Records.

In September 2024, the Pye company name and trademark was acquired by the Scottish broadcaster and music producer Tony Currie, who relaunched the label with vinyl records pressed at Sea Bass Vinyl's wind-powered pressing plant in Tranent, Scotland.
Virginia Etiaba
Dame Virginia Ngozi Etiaba CON Listenⓘ (born 11 November 1942) is a Nigerian politician who served as Deputy Governor of Anambra State, a state in South-Eastern Nigeria, from March 2006 to November 2006 under Peter Obi tenure. She later became the Governor of Anambra State between November 2006 to February 2007. Etiaba is the first woman to serve as governor of a Nigerian state.

She was instated as the previous governor, Peter Obi, was impeached by the state legislature for alleged gross misconduct. She transferred her powers back to Obi three months later when an appeal court nullified the impeachment.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.