hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congenital blindness
Congenital blindness refers to blindness present at birth. Congenital blindness is sometimes used interchangeably with "Childhood Blindness." However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy. Visual loss in children or infants can occur either at the prenatal stage (during the time of conception or intrauterine period) or postnatal stage (immediately after birth). There are multiple possible causes of congenital blindness. In general, 60% of congenital blindness cases are contributed from prenatal stage and 40% are contributed from inherited disease. However, most of the congenital blindness cases show that it can be avoidable or preventable with early treatment.

Leber congenital amaurosis
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a rare inherited eye disease that appears at birth or in the first few months of life.

It affects about 1 in 40,000 newborns. LCA was first described by Theodor Leber in the 19th century. It should not be confused with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, which is a different disease also described by Theodor Leber.

One form of LCA was successfully treated with gene therapy in 2008.
2016 Canada Sevens
The 2016 Canada Sevens is the first edition of the Canada Sevens tournament, and the sixth tournament of the 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 12–13 March 2016 at BC Place in Vancouver, BC.

New Zealand won the Cup final.

2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 17th annual series of rugby union sevens tournaments for national men's rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999–2000. This season, the series expanded from nine to ten events.
Al Jazeera controversies
Al Jazeera Media Network is a media company headquartered in Doha, Qatar. Its flagship news channels are Al Jazeera Arabic and Al Jazeera English. According to Al Jazeera, its Arabic and English channels are editorially independent from one another. Al Jazeera has been involved in a number of controversies. Some of its reporting has drawn criticism or objections from governments. In addition, Al Jazeera journalists have faced unlawful detention in certain countries, and the network or its reporters have been restricted or banned from operating in some countries.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַחוּץ, romanized: Misrad HaHutz; Arabic: وزارة الخارجية الإسرائيلية) is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government. The ministry's role is to implement Israel's foreign policy, and promote economic, cultural, and scientific relations with other countries.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the government complex in Givat Ram, Jerusalem. Gideon Sa'ar currently holds the Foreign Ministry post.
2006–07 Tampa Bay Lightning season
The 2006–07 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 15th National Hockey League season in Tampa, Florida.  The Lightning hoped to rebound from their disappointing first round exit in 2005–06.  After head coach John Tortorella ripped his goaltenders during the 2006 playoffs, the Lightning pinned their hopes on Marc Denis, acquired from the Columbus Blue Jackets during the off-season.

Two Lightning players represented the Eastern Conference at the 55th National Hockey League All-Star Game in Dallas: Martin St. Louis scored a goal in the game, while Vincent Lecavalier recorded an assist.

Vincent Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier (born April 21, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre currently working as a special advisor of hockey operations for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected first overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1998 NHL entry draft and was a member of their 2004 Stanley Cup championship team. Lecavalier played seventeen seasons in the NHL between 1998 and 2016 and served as captain of the Lightning on two separate occasions (2000–2001 and 2008–2013) prior to being bought out following the 2012–13 season and signing a 5-year, $22.5 million deal with the Philadelphia Flyers. He also previously played for the Los Angeles Kings.
Warslow and Elkstones
Warslow and Elkstones is a civil parish in the district of Staffordshire Moorlands in north-east Staffordshire, England. It includes the village of Warslow and the hamlets of Lower Elkstone and Upper Elkstone. There is a boundary with Wetton in the east at the River Manifold. To the south is Butterton; the River Hamps forms the western boundary with Onecote.

Wetton, Staffordshire
Wetton is a village in the Staffordshire Moorlands in Staffordshire, England. It is in the Peak District and at the top of the east side of the Manifold Valley. The population recorded in the 2001 Census was 157. At the time of the 2011 Census the population was recorded under Ilam. This article describes the location, some of the main features of the village, and a number of places of historical or general interest in or near the village. These include Long Low, Wetton, a prehistoric burial site unique to England.

Because the post town is Ashbourne, Derbyshire, many sources of tourist information wrongly describe Wetton as being in Derbyshire.
Northern Illinois University Press
Northern Illinois University Press is a publisher affiliated with Northern Illinois University and owned by Cornell University Press. The press publishes about twenty new books per year in history, politics, anthropology, and literature, with about 400 books currently in print. In September 2008 the Press launched a fiction imprint, Switchgrass Books, which will publish fiction set in the Midwest.

Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is the university press of Cornell University, an Ivy League university in Ithaca, New York. It is currently housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
San Gabriel Valley Council
Located in Los Angeles County, California's San Gabriel Valley, the Boy Scouts of America's San Gabriel Valley Council (#40) was one of five councils serving Los Angeles County. It was headquartered in Pasadena.

Greater Los Angeles Area Council (GLAAC) is a new Boy Scouts of America Council made from the merger of the Los Angeles Area Council and the San Gabriel Valley Council. The vote to merge was held on March 21, 2015. The new name for the council, Greater Los Angeles Area Council, was announced on June 11, 2015. The new council centers is in Los Angeles. Due to the large size of the two original councils, the merger was a process which was completed over a time span, and finished in 2017.

GLAAC has three Scout shops in Los Angeles, San Pedro and Arcadia. GLAAC operates eight BSA camps in the greater Los Angeles area.

Monrovia, California
Monrovia is a city in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Monrovia is the fourth-oldest general-law city in Los Angeles County and the L.A. Basin (after Los Angeles, Santa Monica, and Pasadena, all now charter cities). Incorporated in 1887, it has grown from a sparse community of orange ranches to a residential community of over 37,000. The population was 37,931 at the 2020 census.
2018 Overton's 400
The 2018 Overton's 400 was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on July 1, 2018 at Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) intermediate speedway, it was the 17th race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. The race would become best known for its intense finish, and for producing arguably one of the best finishes in NASCAR history, as Kyle Busch and Kyle Larson dueled in the closing laps of the race for the win.

NASCAR Cup Series at Chicagoland Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series are held at the Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. Previously, the race was held in July from 2001 through 2010, with night races held from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 to 2017, the races were held as the first race of the Cup Series playoffs in the round of 16. In 2018, as part of the schedule realignment, the race was held on the last weekend of June. The race was placed on hiatus from 2019 to 2025 and returned in 2026.

Alex Bowman was the latest winner of the race.
Jim Johnson (radio presenter)
Jim Johnson (April 2, 1945 – March 28, 2025) was an American news anchor and reporter on WLS (AM) 890 in Chicago for over 45 years, where he regularly participated in on-air discussions with the other on-air personalities ranging from Roe Conn and Steve Dahl to Richard Roper and Larry Lujack.

Larry Lujack
Larry Lujack (born Larry Lee Blankenburg; June 6, 1940 – December 18, 2013), also called Superjock, Lawrence of Chicago, Charming and Delightful Ol' Uncle Lar, and King of the Corn Belt, was a Top 40 music radio disc jockey known for his world-weary, sarcastic style. Some of his more popular routines included Klunk Letter of the Day, the darkly humorous Animal Stories with sidekick Tommy Edwards as Little Tommy, and the Cheap Trashy Show Biz Report.
Suhodoll i Poshtëm
Suhodoll i Poshtëm (Albanian: Tejibri i Poshtëm) or Donji Suvi Do (in Serbian) is a village in the municipality of North Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has 789 inhabitants, of whom 787 are Albanians. It is a village of the scattered type, at 520 to 540 metres (1,710 to 1,770 ft) above sea level, on the left valley side of the Ibar river, southeast of the foot of Rogozna (1,479 m [4,852 ft]). It is located north of the Mitrovica–Ribariće–Podgorica road, one kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Mitrovica. It is part of the cadastral municipality of Suvi Do (422 hectares [1,040 acres]), and is physionomically connected to Suhodolli i Epërm.

Suhodolli i Epërm
Suhodoll i Epërm (in Albanian) or Gornji Suvi Do (in Serbian: Горњи Суви До) is a village in the municipality of North Mitrovica in the District of Mitrovica, Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has 224 inhabitants, all of whom are Albanians.
Calders & Grandidge
Calders & Grandidge is a specialist timber manufacturing and treatment company in Boston, Lincolnshire that is the UK's largest (and main) manufacturer of wooden telegraph and (electricity) transmission posts. The company holds a Royal Warrant for the supply of Pressure Treated Timber products to HM the Queen.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Dime Store Magic
Dime Store Magic is a fantasy novel by  Canadian writer Kelley Armstrong. It is the third in the Women of the Otherworld series featuring Paige Winterbourne. First seen in Stolen, Paige is a witch, the only daughter of the now deceased Coven leader and expected to follow in her mother's footsteps. Guardian of young teenage witch, Savannah, following the events of Stolen, Paige finds herself confronting a telekinetic half-demon and a powerful cabal of sorcerers as she attempts to protect her ward.

Stolen (Armstrong novel)
Stolen is a fantasy novel by Canadian author Kelley Armstrong. It is the second book in the Women of the Otherworld series. The book was initially released by Random House of Canada on December 24, 2002 before being released in the United States by Viking Press in May 2003. The sequel to Bitten, Stolen follows Elena Michaels as she investigates the threat of a billionaire who is collecting supernatural beings.
Tylopilus albofarinaceus
Tylopilus albofarinaceus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in China. It was first described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of Boletus; F.L. Tai transferred it to the genus Tylopilus in 1979. The fruit body has a convex, white cap that is up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The tubes on the cap underside are 3 mm long, while the pores are about 0.7–1 mm wide. The flesh in the stipe is white and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 11–14 by 5–7 μm. The type collection was made in Kunming in August 1938.

Tylopilus
Tylopilus is a genus of over 100 species of mycorrhizal bolete fungi separated from Boletus. Its best known member is the bitter bolete (Tylopilus felleus), the only species found in Europe. More species are found in North America, such as the edible species T. alboater. Australia is another continent where many species are found. All members of the genus form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. Members of the genus are distinguished by their pinkish pore surfaces.
Steppin' Out (George Howard album)
Steppin' Out is the second studio album of jazz saxophonist George Howard, released in 1984 on Palo Alto Records. This album peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart and No. 39 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.

Palo Alto Records
Palo Alto Records was a jazz record company and label that released most of its discography in the 1980s. The label was founded in 1981 by Jim Benham, who lived in Palo Alto, California. He played trumpet in a big band and was chairman of the Benham Capital Management Group. Herb Wong, an educator and disc jockey in San Francisco, was artistic director until 1985. The Palo Alto office closed that year, but the label moved to Studio City. Palo Alto also operated a sublabel, TBA Records, which recorded Alvin Hayes, George Howard, and Rare Silk.
Karl Friedrich Küstner
Karl Friedrich Küstner (born in Görlitz on 22 August 1856, died 15 October 1936) was a German astronomer who also made contributions to Geodesy. In 1888, he reportedly discovered the Polar motion of the Earth. In 1910, he received the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for cataloguing stars and detecting latitude variation.

He received his PhD from the University of Strasbourg in 1879 under Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke.

Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke
Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (5 February 1835 in Groß-Heere, near Hannover – 3 December 1897 in Bonn) was a German astronomer.

Winnecke worked at Pulkovo Observatory near Saint Petersburg from 1858 to 1865, but returned to Germany and served as professor of astronomy in Strasbourg from 1872 to 1881.

He discovered or co-discovered a large number of comets, including the periodic comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke and the comet once known as "Pons-Coggia-Winnecke-Forbes" but later renamed to 27P/Crommelin after Andrew Crommelin, who computed its orbit.

Winnecke also compiled a list of double stars, the Winnecke Catalogue of Double Stars, in 1869. He also found a number of nebulae.

The asteroid 207 Hedda, discovered by Johann Palisa in 1879, was named after Winnecke's wife Hedwig. In 2010 an asteroid discovered on 2002 Apr. 4 by M. Meyer (215423) Winnecke was named after Winnecke himself.
Bennington-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Bennington-4 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Bennington-4 District includes all of the Bennington County town of Manchester.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Bennington-4 District had a population of 4,180 in that same census, 2.98% above the state average.

Manchester, Vermont
Manchester is a town in, and one of two shire towns (county seats) of, Bennington County, Vermont, United States. The population was 4,484 at the 2020 census.

Manchester Village, an incorporated village, and Manchester Center, are settlement centers within the town. Manchester has become a tourist destination, especially for those from New York and Connecticut, offering visitors factory outlet stores of national chain retailers as well as many locally owned businesses and restaurants.
193 Ambrosia
193 Ambrosia (Symbol:) is a main belt asteroid that was discovered by the Corsican-born French astronomer J. Coggia on February 28, 1879, and named after either Ambrosia, the food of the gods in Greek mythology, or Ambrosia, one of the Hyades. Lutz D. Schmadel argued that the second possibility was more likely, based on the fact that Coggia named another asteroid, 217 Eudora, after another of the Hyades.

In 2009, photometric observations of this asteroid were made at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The resulting light curve shows a synodic rotation period of 6.580 ± 0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This result is consistent with an independent study performed in 1996.

Jérôme Eugène Coggia
Jérôme Eugène Coggia (18 February 1849 – 15 January 1919) was a 19th-century French astronomer and discoverer of asteroids and comets, who was born in the Corsican town of Ajaccio.

Working at the Marseille Observatory from 1866 to 1917, Coggia discovered a number of comets, including the bright "Coggia's Comet" (C/1874 H1). The periodic comet 27P/Crommelin was previously called "Comet Pons-Coggia-Winnecke-Forbes". He is also credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 5 asteroids at Marseille between 1868 and 1899.

Coggia was awarded by the French Academy of Sciences its Lalande Prize for 1873 and again for 1916.
Westfield Montgomery
Westfield Montgomery (formerly Montgomery Mall), is a shopping mall in Bethesda, Maryland. The mall is anchored by Macy's, Macy's Home, Nordstrom. and a 16-screen AMC Theatres. The mall also features specialty brands such as Fabletics, Madewell, Vineyard Vines, and Untuckit.

The May Department Stores Company
The May Department Stores Company was an American holding company of department stores founded in 1877 by David May. It operated several regional department stores throughout the United States, which were managed as distinct business divisions with limited interconnectivity between them. May was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 2005, and the remaining May-owned stores were converted to Macy's in 2006.
Tehuelche (motorcycle)
Tehuelche was an Argentine motorcycle that was produced between March 1957 and 1964.

The Tehuelche was the only motorcycle that was mass-produced continuously in Argentina, where it was produced for seven years.

The Tehuelche competed with the Puma Primera and Puma Segunda (from Guericke), the Zanella (from Ceccato), and the Gilera. The Tehuelche distinguished itself not only by the characteristic sound of its gear train (SOHC engine) but also by its racing performance.

Puma (motorcycle)
Puma, pumita, pumarola or pumasaki are the names given to a motorcycle created in Argentina in 1952. It became an emblem of Cordoba and a sign of the industrialization of the country's five-year plan. Made entirely by Argentine workers and with very accessible procurement plans, it quickly achieved popularity among the working classes. Its simple design and mechanical engineering made this motorcycle a symbol of the splendor of those days. Five series were presented, although the third only remained a prototype.
11409 Horkheimer
11409 Horkheimer, provisional designation 1999 FD9, is a Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 March 1999, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona. The likely C-type asteroid was named for American science communicator Jack Horkheimer.

Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search
Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS) was a project designed to discover asteroids and comets that orbit near the Earth. The project, funded by NASA, was directed by astronomer Ted Bowell of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. The LONEOS project began in 1993 and ran until the end of February 2008.
151997 Bauhinia
151997 Bauhinia (provisional designation 2004 JL1) is a sub-kilometer background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 900 meters in diameter. It was discovered on 11 May 2004, by Canadian astronomer William Yeung at the Desert Eagle Observatory, Arizona, United States. It was named after the flowering plant Bauhinia blakeana also known as the "Hong Kong Orchid Tree".

Desert Eagle Observatory
Desert Eagle Observatory (code: 333) is a private amateur astronomical observatory, situated near Benson, Arizona, United States. Operated by Canadian amateur astronomer William Kwong Yu Yeung, the observatory's primary purpose is the observation and discovery of comets and minor planets, which include asteroids and near-Earth objects. At the observatory, Bill Yeung has discovered more than 1,500 minor planets.
Stationary set
In mathematics, specifically set theory and model theory, a stationary set is a set that is not too small in the sense that it intersects all club sets and is analogous to a set of non-zero measure in measure theory. There are at least three closely related notions of stationary set, depending on whether one is looking at subsets of an ordinal, or subsets of something of given cardinality, or a powerset.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.