hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aftershock (Motörhead album)
Aftershock is the 21st studio album by British rock band Motörhead. Originally expected to be released in mid-2013, it was released separately on 18 October in Germany, on 21 October in the rest of Europe, and on 22 October in North America and the rest of the world. It is the fourth album released under the UDR GmbH / Motörhead Music collaboration, with ADA as the distributor for the first time.

The Wörld Is Yours
The Wörld Is Yours is the twentieth studio album by British rock band Motörhead, released on 14 December 2010 as an exclusive edition, and a month later on 17 January 2011 as a standard release. It is dedicated by Lemmy to Ronnie James Dio who had died from cancer seven months earlier.

It was the first album with the UDR GmbH label of Germany and distribution by the EMI label in most territories, as Motörhead Music made a comeback in production also.
Roots: The Next Generations
Roots: The Next Generations is an American television miniseries based on the last seven chapters of Alex Haley's 1976 novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family. First aired on ABC in February 1979, it is a sequel to the 1977 Roots miniseries, tracing the lives of Kunta Kinte's descendants in Henning, Tennessee, from 1882 to 1967.

Roots: The Next Generations was produced with a budget of $16.6 million, nearly three times larger than that of the original. The screenplay was written by Ernest Kinoy.

Military recruit training
Military recruit training, commonly known as basic training or boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process, which resocializes its subjects for the unique demands of military employment.
Qwen
Qwen (also known as Tongyi Qianwen, Chinese: 通义千问; pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen variants are distributed as open‑weight models under the Apache‑2.0 license, while others are served through Alibaba Cloud.

In July 2024, South China Morning Post reported that benchmarking platform SuperCLUE ranked Qwen2‑72B‑Instruct behind OpenAI's GPT‑4o and Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ahead of other Chinese models.

Hugging Face
Hugging Face, Inc., is an American company based in New York City that develops computation tools for building applications using machine learning. Its transformers library built for natural language processing applications and its platform allow users to share machine learning models and datasets and showcase their work.
Reversible computing
Reversible computing is any model of computation where every step of the process is time-reversible. This means that, given the output of a computation, it is possible to perfectly reconstruct the input. In systems that progress deterministically from one state to another, a key requirement for reversibility is a one-to-one correspondence between each state and its successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles of quantum mechanics inherently ensure reversibility (as long as quantum states are not measured or "collapsed").

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
VENOM LR 30 mm gun
The VENOM LR is a rotary autocannon derived from the ADEN 30 mm gun, although most of its components and working principle are different. The LR stands for low recoil. It is designed to be fired from remote controlled weapon stations (RCWS) that can mount 12.7 mm machine guns.

Revolver cannon
A revolver cannon is a type of autocannon, commonly used as an aircraft gun. It uses a cylinder with multiple chambers, similar to those of a revolver handgun, to speed up the loading-firing-ejection cycle. Some examples are also power-driven, to further speed the loading process. Unlike a rotary cannon, a revolver cannon only has a single barrel, so its spun weight is lower. Automatic revolver cannons have been produced by many different manufacturers.
Lavangen Church
Lavangen Church (Norwegian: Lavangen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lavangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Å, in an area called Soløy, just north of Hesjevika. It is the church for the Lavangen parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1891 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 420 people.

Å, Lavangen
Å (Norwegian) or Oavák (Northern Sami) is a village in Lavangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the eastern shore of the Lavangen fjord, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the administrative centre of Tennevoll and about 52 kilometres (32 mi) east of the town of Harstad. The village of Soløy lies immediately south of Å, forming one large village area through conurbation. The population (2001) of the village was 79.
Timeline of 19th-century French history
In the 19th century, France experienced a succession of political regimes, rapid industrialization, and significant social upheaval. It transitioned through two empires, two monarchies, and two republics and evolved from a centralized military power (often governed by kings or self-proclaimed emperors) into a modern industrial democracy. After undergoing frequent and violent revolutions–notably in 1830, 1848, and 1871–the century concluded with the stabilization of the Third Republic and the construction of the institutional foundations of modern France.

July Revolution
The July Revolution (French: Révolution de Juillet), also known as the French Revolution of 1830, Second French Revolution, or les Trois Glorieuses ("the Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

The 1830 Revolution marked a shift from that point on as the constitutional monarchy was restored with the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its cadet branch, the House of Orléans; and the replacement of the principle of hereditary right by that of popular sovereignty. Supporters of the Bourbons would be called Legitimists, and supporters of Louis Philippe were known as Orléanists. In addition, there continued to be Bonapartists supporting the return of Napoleon's heirs. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848.
Frank Reys
Frank Reys (c.1931–1984) was an Aboriginal Australian jockey. He was the first, and as of 2022 the only Indigenous Australian jockey to win the prestigious Melbourne Cup when, in 1973, he rode to victory on Gala Supreme.

Reys' career began in Northern Queensland. He raced in North Queensland, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, and country Victoria, winning his first ride in 1948 as a 16-year-old. In his career as a jockey he had 1,330 winning rides, made more impressive by the fact that there was only one metropolitan and one regional race meeting per week in those days.  His 1973 Melbourne Cup win was his last. In winning his last race at 45 years of age in 1976, he bookended his career with winners.

Herbert Power Stakes
The Herbert Power Stakes is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race held under quality handicap conditions, for horses aged three years old and older, over a distance of 2400 metres. It is held at Caulfield Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia. Prizemoney is A$400,000.
Guidon (United States)
In the United States Armed Forces, a guidon is a military standard or flag that company/battery/troop or platoon-sized detachments carry to signify their unit designation and branch/corps affiliation or the title of the individual who carries it.  A basic guidon can be rectangular, but sometimes has a triangular portion removed from the fly (known as "swallow-tailed").

Swallowtail (flag)
In flag terminology, a swallowtail is either

a V-shaped cut in a flag that causes the flag to end in two points at the fly; or

any flag that has this V-shaped cut.

The name comes from the forked tail that is a common feature of the swallow species of birds.
Glendurgan Garden
Glendurgan Garden (Cornish: Glynn Dowrgeun, meaning deep valley of otters) is a National Trust garden situated above the hamlet of Durgan on the Helford River and near  Mawnan Smith, in the civil parish of Mawnan, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Glendurgan Garden was laid out by Alfred Fox in the 1820s and 1830s. In 1962 Glendurgan Garden was given to the National Trust by Cuthbert and Philip Fox.

The garden is notable for a cherry laurel maze, created in 1833.

Mawnan Smith
Mawnan Smith (Cornish: Govel Vaunan) is a village in the civil parish of Mawnan in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately three miles south of Falmouth. In 2019 it had an estimated population of 1020.

The parish church of St Mawnan and St Stephen is in Mawnan village (also known as Mawnan Church). A second church, St Michael's, was built in the village of Mawnan Smith in 1876 and there was also a Wesleyan Methodist chapel in the village.

The village name may derive from the fact that it once had four working smithies serving the many farms in the parish. By the early 20th century only one remained in business. It was operated by blacksmith Billy James followed by his son Dryden and closed when the latter died in 1994. The Mawnan Anvil Trust has since restored the smithy as a working forge with a resident artist blacksmith and the site now also includes a silversmith, sign writer and carpenter.
Early history of South Africa
The Prehistory of South Africa (and, inseparably, the wider region of Southern Africa) lasts from the Middle Stone Age until the 17th century. Southern Africa was first reached by Homo sapiens before 130,000 years ago, possibly before 260,000 years ago.
The region remained in the Late Stone Age until the first traces of pastoralism were introduced about 2,000 years ago. 
The Bantu migration reached the area now South Africa around the first decade of the 3rd century, over 1800 years ago. Early Bantu kingdoms were established in the 11th century.
First European contact dates to 1488, but European colonization began in the 17th century (see History of South Africa (1652–1815)).

Tsonga people
The Tsonga people (Tsonga: Vatsonga) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily native to Southern Mozambique and South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga). They speak Xitsonga, a Southern Bantu language.
A very small number of Tsonga people are also found in Zimbabwe and Northern Eswatini. The Tsonga people of South Africa share some history with the Tsonga people of Southern Mozambique, and have similar cultural practices, but differ in the dialects spoken.
Substitutes for Leadership Theory
Substitutes for leadership theory is a leadership theory first developed by Steven Kerr and John M. Jermier and published in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance in December 1978.

The theory states that different situational factors can enhance, neutralize, or substitute for leader behaviors (Den Hartog & Koopman, 2001). It has received criticism for shortcomings due to perceived methodological issues. Empirical research has produced mixed results as to its ability to predict subordinate outcomes.

Reliability (statistics)
In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions:

It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that might be embedded in the scores. Scores that are highly reliable are precise, reproducible, and consistent from one testing occasion to another. That is, if the testing process were repeated with a group of test takers, essentially the same results would be obtained. Various kinds of reliability coefficients, with values ranging between 0.00 (much error) and 1.00 (no error), are usually used to indicate the amount of error in the scores.

For example, measurements of people's height and weight are often extremely reliable.
Spanish missions in the Carolinas
The Spanish missions in the Carolinas were part of a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans. A few missions to native people living in the vicinity of the Spanish presidio at Santa Elena (on Parris Island) in South Carolina were established from 1566 to 1570, including:

Escamau-Orista,

Guatari, and

Joadi.

Parris Island, South Carolina
Parris Island is a district of the city of Port Royal, South Carolina on an island of the same name. It became part of the city with the annexation of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island on October 11, 2002. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau previously defined Parris Island as a census-designated place (CDP) when it was an unincorporated area of Beaufort County. The population was 4,841 at the 2000 census. As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, Parris Island is included within the Beaufort Urban Cluster and the larger Hilton Head Island–Beaufort Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Samuel Mickle House
Samuel Mickle House, also known as the Hip Roof House, is located at 345 Kings Highway, East, in the borough of Haddonfield in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built about 1736 and was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 1975, for its significance in architecture.

Haddonfield, New Jersey
Haddonfield is a borough located in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 12,550, an increase of 957 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 11,593, which in turn reflected a decline of 66 (−0.6%) from the 11,659 counted in the 2000 census.

Haddonfield was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1875, within portions of Haddon Township following a referendum on the same day. The borough became an independent municipality in 1894. The borough was named for Elizabeth Haddon, an early settler of the area.
Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women).

In this binary model, gender and sexuality may be assumed by default to align with one's sex assigned at birth. This may include certain expectations of how one dresses themselves, one's behavior, sexual orientation, names or pronouns, which restroom one uses, and other qualities. For example, when a male is born, gender binarism may assume that the male will be masculine in appearance, have masculine character traits and behaviors, as well as having a heterosexual attraction to females. These expectations may reinforce negative attitudes, biases, and discrimination towards people who display expressions of gender variance or nonconformity or those whose gender identity is incongruent with their birth sex.

Gender expression
Gender expression or gender presentation is a person's behavior, mannerisms, and appearance that are socially associated with gender, namely femininity or masculinity. Gender expression can also be defined as the external manifestation of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. Typically, a person's gender expression is thought of in terms of masculinity and femininity, but an individual's gender expression may incorporate both feminine and masculine traits, or neither. A person's gender expression may or may not match their assigned sex at birth. This includes gender roles, and accordingly relies on cultural stereotypes about gender. It is distinct from gender identity.
BIM-018
BIM-018 is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the benzimidazole analog of JWH-018. It is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB2 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug.

Related benzimidazole derivatives have been reported to be highly selective agonists for the CB2 receptor.

Benzimidazole
Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound.  This bicyclic compound may be viewed as fused rings of the aromatic compounds benzene and imidazole. It is a white solid that appears in form of tabular crystals.
World Giving Index
The World Giving Index (WGI) was an annual report published by the Charities Aid Foundation, using data gathered by Gallup, which ranked over 140 countries in the world according to how charitable they are. The aim of the World Giving Index was to provide insight into the scope and nature of giving around the world. The first edition was released in September 2010. The final edition was published in 2024. The report has now been superseded by the World Giving Report which offers a fuller picture of global generosity.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Bula, Camarines Sur
Bula, officially the Municipality of Bula (Rinconada Bikol: Banwaān ka Bula; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bula), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 75,943 people.

Balatan
Balatan, officially the Municipality of Balatan (Rinconada Bikol: Banwaān ka Balatan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Balatan), is a  municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 31,069 people.

It is known for its nature spots, local culture, and outdoor fun like the Lake Balaton, the sand dunes, and Balatan Hill for scenic views.
Deh-e Nar, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Deh-e Nar (Persian: ده نار, also Romanized as Deh-e Nār; also known as Deh-e Anār) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 168, in 25 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Javardeh.
Danny Dorn
Daniel Casey Dorn (born July 20, 1984) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and in KBO League for the Nexen Heroes.

Arizona Complex League Dodgers
The Arizona Complex League Dodgers are a Rookie-level affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, competing in the Arizona Complex League of Minor League Baseball. The team plays its home games at Camelback Ranch in Glendale, Arizona. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents.
Quota system in Pakistan
The Quota system in Pakistan was established to give every region of the country representation in institutions according to their population. The Quota System was first introduced in Pakistan in 1948. The Civil Service of Pakistan selects only 7.5% of the applicants by merit, education, qualification and experience. The quota system in Pakistan has some similarities with reservation in India.

West Punjab
West Punjab was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. It was established from the western-half of British Punjab, following the independence of Pakistan.  The province covered an area of 159,344 km2 (61,523 sq mi), including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former Princely state of Bahawalpur. Lahore, being the largest city and the cultural centre, served as the capital of the province. The province was composed of four divisions (Lahore, Sargodha, Multan and Rawalpindi) and was bordered by the state of Bahawalpur to the south-east, the province of Baluchistan to the south-west and Sind to the south, North-West Frontier Province to the north-west, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shared International border with Indian state of East Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir to the north-east. It was dissolved and merged into West Pakistan upon creation of One Unit Scheme, in 1955.
John Butler (Jesuit)
Catholicism portal

John Butler, S.J. (8 August 1727 – 20 June 1786) was an Irish Roman Catholic priest who was appointed as Bishop of Limerick in 1778 and resigned the position in 1779 without ever being consecrated.

Bishop of Limerick
The Bishop of Limerick is an episcopal title which takes its name after the city of Limerick in the Province of Munster, Ireland. In the Catholic Church it still continues as a separate title, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with other bishoprics.
Kurudu people
The Kurudu people (Kurudu: Miobo) are an ethnic group inhabiting Kurudu Island and the coast of Pamai Erar in northern Papua, Indonesia. The Kurudu people are a mixture of various ethnic groups originating from Yapen, Waropen, and Biak, who assimilated with the original inhabitants of Kurudu in the past and formed today’s Kurudu population. Today, the Kurudu and the Kaipuri have been united and are known collectively as the Miobo people.

19th century Dutch writer Dr. J.J. de Hollander wrote that, "[t]he inhabitants of Kurudu consist of entirely wild tribes, dangerous yet polite people".

Yapen Islands Regency
Yapen Islands Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in Papua Province of eastern Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,429.03 km2 (937.85 sq mi), and had a population of 82,951 at the 2010 Census and 112,676 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 116,214 (comprising 59,587 males and 56,627 females). It comprises an archipelago which lies in Cenderawasih Bay off the north coast of Western New Guinea.
Saluting Battery (Valletta)
The Saluting Battery (Maltese: Batterija tas-Salut) is an artillery battery in Valletta, Malta. It was constructed in the 16th century by the Order of Saint John, on or near the site of an Ottoman battery from the Great Siege of Malta. The battery forms the lower tier of St. Peter & Paul Bastion of the Valletta Land Front, located below the Upper Barrakka Gardens and overlooking Fort St. Angelo and the rest of the Grand Harbour.

The Saluting Battery was mainly used for firing ceremonial gun salutes and signals marking the opening and closure of the city gates, but it also saw military use during the blockade of 1798–1800 and World War II. The battery remained an active military installation until its guns were removed by the British in 1954. It was restored and opened to the public in the early 21st century, and it is now equipped with eight working replicas of SBBL 32-pounders which fire gun signals daily, Mon - Sat, at 1200 and 1600.

Gun salute
A gun salute or cannon salute is the use of a piece of artillery to fire shots, often 21 in number for higher ranks (21-gun salute), with the aim of marking an honor or celebrating a joyful event. It is a tradition in many countries around the world.