hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pairwise independence
In probability theory, a pairwise independent collection of random variables is a set of random variables any two of which are independent.  Any collection of mutually independent random variables is pairwise independent, but some pairwise independent collections are not mutually independent.  Pairwise independent random variables with finite variance are uncorrelated.

A pair of random variables X and Y are independent if and only if the random vector (X, Y) with joint cumulative distribution function (CDF)  satisfies

or equivalently, their joint density  satisfies

That is, the joint distribution is equal to the product of the marginal distributions.

Unless it is not clear in context, in practice the modifier "mutual" is usually dropped so that independence means mutual independence. A statement such as " X, Y, Z are independent random variables" means that X, Y, Z are mutually independent.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology
Father Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT) is a private engineering college affiliated to the University of Mumbai located in Vashi, Navi Mumbai. The institute offers the B.E degree courses in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Information Technology.

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
KNRS-FM
KNRS-FM (105.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station, licensed to Centerville, Utah, and broadcasting to Salt Lake City metropolitan area, using the branding "Talk Radio 105.9."  KNRS-FM simulcasts a talk radio format with sister station KNRS (570 AM).  The studios are on South Decker Lake Drive in West Valley City.

The station's transmitter tower is on Farnsworth Peak, in the Oquirrh Mountains, 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Salt Lake City,  KNRS-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology.

Farnsworth Peak
Farnsworth Peak is a peak located on the northern end of the Oquirrh Mountain range, approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) south east of Lake Point, Utah and 18 miles (29 km) south west of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The mountain is named for Philo Farnsworth, the inventor of the first completely electronic television. It is used mainly for radio and television transmission, but could potentially become part of a ski resort owned by nearby Kennecott Land. On the eastern side of the mountain, the land is completely private, and access is restricted. The peak can be reached by hiking from the Tooele side, which is mostly public land. The Bureau of Land Management land extends from Ridge Peak west to the base of the mountain. Public access to this land is available off SR-36 near Lake Point, Utah. Several cattle gates need to be opened and closed, but are access roads to hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding areas.
Tony de Zorzi
Tony de Zorzi (born 28 August 1997) is a South African cricketer. He was included in the Northerns squad for the 2016 Africa T20 Cup. He made his Twenty20 (T20) debut for Northerns against Kenya on 16 September 2016. Prior to his T20 debut, he was named as captain of South Africa's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

Mzansi Super League
The Mzansi Super League (MSL) was a Twenty20 cricket (T20) franchise league held in South Africa. The competition was established in 2018 by Cricket South Africa (CSA) as a replacement for the failed T20 Global League, but only two editions were played before the competition was itself canceled. The SA20 competition, first held in 2023, could be seen as a successor to the MSL.

The first edition of the tournament took place in November and December 2018. The South African Broadcasting Corporation broadcast all matches domestically on free-to-air channels.

The league consisted of six franchise teams representing different South African cities. Two editions were played under this format before changes were proposed to reflect the wide structural changes that were announced for South African domestic cricket in 2021, but the competition did not run in 2020 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was then cancelled.
Iris Tower
The Iris Tower, also known as the Silver Tower, is an office skyscraper in the Saint-Josse-ten-Noode municipality of Brussels, Belgium. Built between 2018 and 2020, the tower stands at 137 metres (449 ft) tall with 32 floors and is the fourth tallest building in Belgium. It serves as the headquarters of the Brussels Regional Public Service.

Botanical Garden of Brussels
The Botanical Garden of Brussels (French: Jardin botanique de Bruxelles, pronounced [ʒaʁdɛ̃ bɔtanik də bʁysɛl]; Dutch: Kruidtuin van Brussel, pronounced [ˈkrœytœyn vɑm ˈbrʏsəl]) is a former botanical garden in Brussels, Belgium. It was created in 1826 and stood on the Rue Royale/Koningsstraat in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, near Brussels' Northern Quarter financial district, until its relocation in 1938 to the National Botanic Garden of Belgium in Meise, Flemish Brabant.

Since 1984, the main orangery building has been a cultural complex and music venue of the French Community of Belgium known as Le Botanique. It can be accessed from  Brussels-North railway station and Botanique/Kruidtuin metro station on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels Metro.
Mahama Ayariga
Mahama Ayariga (born 12 May 1974) is a lawyer and politician in Ghana. He belongs to the National Democratic Congress. He was the Minister of Information and Media Relations and the Minister of Youth and Sports under the John Dramani Mahama administration. He is currently the Member of Parliament representing Bawku Central constituency of the Upper East Region of Ghana in the 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana. He is the current majority leader in the parliament of Ghana.

Bawku Central (Ghana parliament constituency)
Bawku Central is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Bawku Central is located in the Bawku Municipal district  of the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Sennariolo
Sennariolo is a comune (municipality) located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Oristano in the Province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 185 and an area of 15.7 square kilometres (6.1 sq mi).

Sennariolo borders the following municipalities: Cuglieri, Flussio, Scano di Montiferro, Tresnuraghes.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
Ralph Johnson (bishop)
Edward Ralph Johnson (1828 – 11 September 1912) was an Anglican priest  in the second half of the 19th century. He was born in 1828, educated at Wadham College, Oxford and ordained in 1850. His first post was a curacy in Farnborough, Warwickshire after which he was a Minor Canon at Chester Cathedral. He was Rector of Northenden and then collated Archdeacon of Chester in 1871 before being elevated to the episcopate as Bishop of Calcutta in 1876 and Metropolitan of India. He retired in 1898 and died on 11 September 1912.

Archdeacon of Chester
The Archdeacon of Chester is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the diocese of Chester. The area in which they have statutory duties is the Archdeaconry of Chester. Those duties include some pastoral care and disciplinary supervision of the clergy in the area.

The archdeaconry was created before 1135 in (what was in 1222) the Diocese of Coventry (that diocese was called Coventry and Lichfield from 1228 and then Lichfield and Coventry from 1539); it formed part of the Diocese of Chester upon her creation in 1541 and remains so today.
Sassello
Sassello (Ligurian: Sascello; locally Sascê) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 58 kilometres (36 mi) west of Genoa and about 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Savona in the northern side of the Ligurian Apennines.  It is the birthplace of Blessed Chiara Badano.

Part of Sassello's territory lies within the boundaries of the Parco naturale regionale del Beigua.

Savona
Savona (Italian: [saˈvoːna] ⓘ; Ligurian: Saña [ˈsaŋːa]) is a seaport and comune (municipality) in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, and the capital of the Province of Savona. Facing the Ligurian Sea, Savona is the main city of the western section of the Italian Riviera. It has a population of 58,690.

One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys. 'Columbus's house', a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus.
Danny Patrick (politician)
Danny Lee Patrick (July 8, 1941 – July 26, 2009) was an educator and farmer from rural Delaney in Madison County, Arkansas, who served from 1967 to 1970 as a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for Madison and neighboring Carroll counties in the northwestern corner of his state. His legislative service coincided exactly with the administration of Winthrop Rockefeller, Arkansas' first GOP governor since Reconstruction.

Like Rockefeller, Patrick was unseated in his bid for a third term in the general election held on November 3, 1970. The Democrats, led by gubernatorial nominee and, later, U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers, wiped out the gains that Republicans had temporarily achieved during the Rockefeller years.

Dale Bumpers
Dale Leon Bumpers (August 12, 1925 – January 1, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 38th governor of Arkansas (1971–1975) and in the United States Senate (1975–1999). He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was counsel at the Washington office of law firm Arent Fox LLP, where his clients included Riceland Foods and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Mauro Galvão
Mauro Geraldo Galvão (born 19 December 1961) is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a defender. Galvão won the title of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A four times, playing for Internacional (1979), Grêmio (1996) and Vasco da Gama (1997 and 2000), along a span of 21 years; won the 1998 Copa Libertadores and lost the finals of the 1999 Intercontinental Cup and of the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship.

1997 Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil 1997 was the 9th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 18, 1997, and concluded on May 22, 1997, with the second leg of the final, held at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, in which Grêmio lifted the trophy for the third time after a 2-2 draw with Flamengo.

Paulo Nunes, of Grêmio, with 9 goals, was the competition's topscorer.
2003 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 2003 New Zealand Grand Prix was an open wheel racing car race held at Teretonga Park, near Invercargill on 19 January 2003. It was the 48th New Zealand Grand Prix and was open to Formula Ford cars.

The event was dominated by Jonny Reid who completed a clean sweep of pole position, fastest lap and race win. Chris Pither and Daniel Gaunt rounded out the podium.

Teretonga Park
Teretonga (meaning "Swift South" in Māori) is a 2.570 km (1.597 mi) motor racing circuit situated 8 km (5.0 mi) south-west of Invercargill, New Zealand. It is home of the Southland Sports Car Club. The circuit was established in 1957 and was the southernmost FIA-recognised race track in the world prior to 2023; it has now been succeeded by the Autódromo Enrique Freile in Argentine Patagonia. It is also the country's oldest purpose-built venue.

Regular racing programme includes rounds of the local Clubmans Series; featuring rounds of South Island Racing Registers and a very large Classic Car meeting in February of each year. The circuit is also used for Sprints and Motorkhanas. Other clubs run Motor Cycle and Drag Races at Teretonga. Regarded by many drivers as the best and safest track in the country, it has been up-graded on a continual basis.
Kennington Park Road
Kennington Park Road is a main road in south-east London, England, and is part of the A3 trunk road. It runs from Newington Butts at its Y-junction with Kennington Lane, south-west to the Oval, where the A3 continues as Clapham Road, towards Stockwell. At this crossroads junction, Camberwell New Road and Kennington Oval head towards Camberwell Green and Vauxhall respectively.

Heading south, the street first passes Kennington station and then Kennington Park.

It is part of the Roman Stane Street, from London to Chichester.

It should not be confused with Kensington Park Road, a street in the west London district of Notting Hill.

A202 road
The A202 is a primary A road in London. It runs from New Cross Gate to London Victoria station. A section of the route forms a part of the London Inner Ring Road between Vauxhall and Victoria, known as Vauxhall Bridge Road.

No part of the route is in the London Congestion Charge zone, but the section between Vauxhall and Victoria is part of the zone's boundary, which is to the immediate west of Vauxhall Bridge Road.

The A202 is managed by Transport for London (TfL) in its entirety, and is designated a London Red Route.
2017 AFL Women's Under-18 Championships
The 2017 NAB AFL Women's Under-18 Championships was played between May and July 2017, with six teams competing and with a further three playing in a two-match round-robin series as a de facto Division 2.

An Allies side (made up of players from the division two competition) was introduced as a division one team. This was designed to give the best prospects from those regions the opportunity to play at a national level in the division one carnival. Thus, division one was made up of six teams—Allies, NSW/ACT, Queensland, Vic Country, Vic Metro and Western Australia—playing each other across five rounds.

Vic Country was the only division one team to play four matches that went undefeated, making them the de facto tournament winners. Vic Metro's Maddy Prespakis was named the tournament's best player, while Vic Country's Eden Zanker was the competition's leading goalkicker.

AFL Women's Under-18 Championships
The NAB AFL Women's Under-18 Championships are the annual national Australian rules football championships for women players aged 18 years or younger. The competition is seen as one of the main pathways towards being drafted into a team in the professional AFL Women's competition (AFLW). Originally known as the AFL Youth Girls National Championship, the competition has teams of players representing their states and territories in a round robin tournament. The tournament is currently sponsored by the National Australia Bank. The winner of the 2019 tournament was Vic Metro.
Honduras in World War II
The Republic of Honduras declared war on the Empire of Japan on December 8, 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and then also declared war on Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on December 12 of the same year. Although its support for the Allies during World War II was active between 1942 and 1945, the Honduran contribution to war efforts would be mainly logistics and intelligence, although it did come to face a German submarine in 1942.

Tiburcio Carías Andino
Tiburcio Carías Andino (5 March 1876 – 23 December 1969) was a Honduran politician and military officer with the rank of major general. He served as the 38th president of Honduras, briefly in 1924 as constitutional president and later in the form of a dictatorial regime from 1933 until 1949. He was elected president of Honduras in the midst of the Great Depression. He strengthened the Armed Forces, maintained the support of the banana companies by opposing strikes, strongly aligned its government with that of the United States, and kept the country in strict adherence to debt payments.
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1950–1953
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1950 to 1953, as elected at the 1950 state election:

1  The LCL member for Flinders, Rex Pearson, resigned on 22 March 1951 to run for the Australian Senate at the 1951 federal election. His son, Glen Pearson, won the resulting by-election for the LCL on 2 June 1951.

2  The Labor member for Gawler, Leslie Duncan, died on 27 February 1952. Labor candidate John Clark won the resulting by-election on 19 April 1952.

3  The LCL member for Stirling, Herbert Dunn, died on 11 September 1952. LCL candidate William Jenkins won the resulting by-election on 18 October 1952.

John Clark (Australian politician)
John Stephen Clark (14 May 1907 – 21 November 1984) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seats of Gawler and Elizabeth from 1952 to 1970 and from 1970 to 1973 for the Labor Party.
St Paul's, Kingston
51°25′04″N 0°17′09″W﻿ / ﻿51.4178°N 0.2857°W﻿ / 51.4178; -0.2857

St Paul's is a Church of England parish church of the Kingston Hill parish within the Diocese of Southwark in London. The church was constructed in 1878 and its parish established in 1881.

The building is Grade II listed. The original structure was designed by Frank Peck in a Gothic style and finished in 1878 but there are later additions such as the chancel added in 1912 and later the transepts designed by Percy Lamb which were finished by 1928.

Anglican Diocese of Southwark
The Diocese of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) is one of the 42 dioceses of the Church of England, part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The diocese forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. It was created on 1 May 1905 from part of the ancient Diocese of Rochester that was served by a suffragan bishop of Southwark from 1891 to 1905. Before 1877, most of the area was part of the ancient Diocese of Winchester, with a small part near the southern end of the London Bridge being part of the ancient Diocese of London.

The cathedral parish is the 13th century, gothic Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie.
Rowley James
Rowland "Rowley" James (14 June 1885 – 4 July 1962) was an Australian politician and coal miner. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1928 to 1958, representing the New South Wales seat of Hunter. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), although during the 1930s he was associated with the breakaway Lang Labor faction.

Ashfield, New South Wales
Ashfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Ashfield is about eight kilometres west of the Sydney central business district.

Ashfield's population is highly multicultural with the majority of the area's dwellings being a mixture of mainly post-war low-rise flats (apartment blocks) and Federation-era detached houses. Amongst these are a number of grand Victorian buildings that offer a hint of Ashfield's rich cultural heritage.
Head of Constantine the Great, York
The Head of Constantine the Great, York is the only surviving fragment of larger, marble statue of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. It was found in Stonegate, York, before 1823, and is now in the Yorkshire Museum.

Stonegate (York)
Stonegate is a street in the city centre of York, in England, one of the streets most visited by tourists. Most of the buildings along the street are listed, meaning they are of national importance due to their architecture or history.
Remittent fever
Remittent fever is a type or pattern of fever in which temperature does not touch the baseline and remains above normal throughout the day. Daily variation in temperature is more than 1°C in 24 hours, which is also the main difference as compared to continuous fever. Fever due to most infectious diseases is remittent. Diagnosis is based upon clinical history, blood tests, blood culture and chest X-ray.

Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a zoonosis spread primarily via ingestion of unpasteurized milk from infected animals. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever.

The bacteria causing this disease, Brucella, are small, Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (coccobacilli) bacteria. They function as facultative intracellular parasites, causing chronic disease, which usually persists for life. Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis. B. abortus is less virulent than B. melitensis and is primarily a disease of cattle. B. canis affects dogs. B. melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep. B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs. Symptoms include profuse sweating and joint and muscle pain. Brucellosis has been recognized in animals and humans since the early 20th century.
KTVX
KTVX (channel 4) is a television station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Ogden-licensed KUCW (channel 30), an owned-and-operated station of The CW. The two stations share studios on West 1700 South in Salt Lake City; KTVX's transmitter is located atop Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains.

KTVX has a large network of broadcast translators that extend its over-the-air coverage throughout Utah, as well as portions of Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming.

Cedar City, Utah
Cedar City is the largest city in Iron County, Utah, United States. Located 250 miles (400 km) south of Salt Lake City, it is 170 miles (270 km) north of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. Southern Utah University is located in Cedar City. It is the home of the Utah Shakespeare Festival, the Utah Summer Games, the Simon Fest Theatre Co., and other events. As of the 2020 census the city had a population of 35,235, up from 28,857 in the 2010 census.