hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander M. Beatty
Alexander Mitchell Beattie (often misspelled Beatty) (July 29, 1828 – March 7, 1907) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for valor at the Battle of Cold Harbor during the American Civil War.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Krung Thon Bridge
Krung Thon Bridge (Thai: สะพานกรุงธน, RTGS: Saphan Krung Thon, pronounced [sā.pʰāːn krūŋ tʰōn]) is a bridge over the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, in Thailand, connecting the districts Dusit and Bang Phlat. The bridge has 6 spans, and consists of a steel superstructure resting on concrete piers.

Dusit district
Dusit (Thai: ดุสิต, pronounced [dù(ʔ).sìt]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

The district is the administrative centre of the kingdom, as both the National Assembly and Dusit Palace are in the district, as are several ministries. It is connected to Rattanakosin Island by Ratchadamnoen Avenue (literally, 'royal way for travelling').

Neighbouring districts are, clockwise from north, Bang Sue, Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Pathum Wan, Pom Prap Sattru Phai, Phra Nakhon, and across the Chao Phraya River, Bang Phlat.
Niiro Tadamoto
Niiro Tadamoto (新納 忠元; 1526 – 16 January 1611) was a retainer of Satsuma daimyō Shimazu Yoshihisa. He is also known as Jiroshirō. He served under Shimazu Takahisa and then under Yoshihisa. Tadamoto was a skilled samurai called Oni Musashi.

Tadamoto had an active role at the Battle of Kizaki (1572), and, in 1574, became a hostage to compel the surrender of an enemy commander who had held-out in Ushine Castle for over one year. Tadamoto joined in the Siege of Minamata Castle (1581), and at the Battle of Okitanawate (1584). He was given Ōguchi region and was a commander of the Ōguchi Castle.

He also participated in the Kyushu Campaign against Toyotomi Hideyoshi. At the Battle of Sendaigawa, 
Niiro led his men in a charge against the Toyotomi force, and even engaged the famous warrior Katō Kiyomasa in personal combat before retreating under cover of night. 
He did not surrender to Hideyoshi until after the surrender of Shimazu Yoshihiro, the younger brother of Shimazu Yoshihisa.

Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Kiyomasa (加藤 清正; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.toː (|) kʲi.jo.ma.sa], July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. His court title was Higo no Kami (肥後守; lit. 'Chief of Higo'). His name as a child was Yashamaru, and first name was Toranosuke. He was one of Hideyoshi's Seven Spears of Shizugatake.
Blue Bell Park
Blue Bell Hill Park commonly known as Blue Bell Park is a small park located in Blue Bell Hill by Germantown, Philadelphia. The park is located on the Wissahickon Creek and is directly southeast of Wissahickon Valley Park. The RittenhouseTown Historic District is located at Blue Bell Hill.

In 1974, a small group of undergraduate Pan-Hellenic Council members known as "The Family" founded the Philadelphia Greek Picnic in Blue Bell Park which later attracted an attendance of over 250,000 people.

Historic RittenhouseTown
Historic RittenhouseTown, sometimes referred to as Rittenhouse Historic District, encompasses the remains of an early industrial community which was the site of the first paper mill in British North America. The mill was built in 1690 by William Rittenhouse and his son Nicholas on the north bank of Paper Mill Run (Monoshone Creek) near (and now within) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The district, off Lincoln Drive near Wissahickon Avenue in Fairmount Park, includes six of up to forty-five original buildings.  RittenhouseTown was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark District on April 27, 1992.
FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023 – Women's downhill
The Women's downhill competition at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023 was held at Roc de Fer ski course in Méribel, France, on Saturday, 11 February.

Switzerland's Jasmine Flury won the gold medal, Nina Ortlieb of Austria took the silver, and the bronze medalist was Corinne Suter of Switzerland.

The race course was 2.413 km (1.50 mi) in length, with a vertical drop of 685 m (2,247 ft) from a starting elevation of 2,150 m (7,054 ft) above sea level. Flury's winning time of 88.03 seconds yielded an average speed of 98.680 km/h (61.3 mph) and an average vertical descent rate of 7.781 m/s (25.5 ft/s).

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023
The 47th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships took place from 6 to 19 February 2023 in two neighboring locations in the French Alps, Courchevel and Méribel.

The location was decided in May 2018 during the 51st FIS Congress in Costa Navarino (Greece), where Courchevel-Méribel won against Austrian Saalbach-Hinterglemm with 9 to 6 votes.

The same two towns already hosted parts of the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. In Courchevel, ski jumping and the Nordic combination took place, and Méribel was the location for the women's alpine skiing.
GMS (duo)
GMS (also known as the Growling Mad Scientists) are a Dutch psychedelic trance duo which have attained significant popularity, beginning in the early 1990s. Formed by Shajahan Matkin (also known as Riktam) and Joseph Quinteros (also known as Bansi) in the city of Amsterdam, located in the west of The Netherlands, the duo has attracted a large international fanbase. GMS founded Spun Records in 1999, the first psychedelic trance label in the United States and Ibiza, Spain.

In 2008, GMS left Spun Records  to further concentrate on their own careers and had created in 2009 a new label to release all of their music from their own various bands called Starbox Music.

They have sold over 350,000 copies worldwide. Director Tony Scott used GMS tracks in his films Man on Fire, Domino and Unstoppable.

GMS won the Psy-Trance award twice (in 2001 and 2009) at the DJ Awards in Ibiza, Spain.

Psychedelic trance
Psychedelic trance, psytrance, or psy is a subgenre of trance music characterized by arrangements of rhythms and layered melodies created by high tempo riffs. The genre offers variety in terms of mood, tempo, and style. Some examples include full on, darkpsy, forest, minimal (Zenonesque), hitech psy, progressive, suomi, psy-chill, psycore (fusion of psychedelic trance and hardcore), psybient (fusion of psychedelic trance and ambient), psybreaks, or "adapted" tracks from other music genres. Goa trance preceded psytrance; when digital media became more commonly used, psytrance evolved. Goa continues to develop alongside the other genres.
Harmony Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania
Harmony Township is a township in Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 466 at the 2020 census, down from 666 in 2010, a figure which was, in turn, an increase from 511 as of the 2000 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Wang Yan (Jin dynasty)
Wang Yan (256 – 5 May 311), courtesy name Yifu, was a Chinese politician. A member of the Wang clan of Langya, he served as a minister and was one of the Qingtan leaders of the Western Jin. During the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin, Wang Yan grew popular among the court for his mastery in Qingtan and for being a patron of Xuanxue. Wang Yan vacillated between the warring princes during the War of the Eight Princes until he ended up with Sima Yue, who gave him a considerable amount of power in his administration. After Yue died in April 311, Wang Yan led his funeral procession but was ambushed and later executed by the Han-Zhao general, Shi Le at Ningping City (寧平; in modern Zhoukou, Henan). Though a bright scholar, Wang Yan was often associated by traditional historians as one of the root causes for Western Jin's demise due to his influential beliefs.

Yang Hu
Yang Hu (羊祜, 221 – 27 December 278), courtesy name Shuzi, was a Chinese military general and politician who lived during the Jin dynasty of China. His advocacy for plans to conquer the rival state of Eastern Wu finally persuaded Emperor Wu to carry them out, but he did not live to see the plans implemented. He was known for his humility and foresight. Chen Shou, who wrote the Records of the Three Kingdoms, described him as a man of medium height with fine eyebrows and a beautiful beard. Yang Hu is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.
Rehabilitation counseling
Rehabilitation counseling is a type of counseling focused on helping people with physical impairments or disabilities to achieve their personal, career, and independent living goals.

Rehabilitation counselors can be found in private practice, in rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, universities, schools, government agencies, insurance companies and other organizations where people are being treated for congenital or acquired disabilities. Over time, with the changes in social work being more psychotherapy-oriented, rehabilitation counselors take on more and more community engagement work, especially as it relates to special populations. Some rehabilitation counselors focus solely on community engagement through vocational services, others in various states qualify as both a certified rehabilitation counselor (CRC) and a licensed professional counselor (LPC), enabling them to focus on psychotherapy.

Outline of counseling
Counseling is the professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes.

This is a list of counseling topics.
Xulvi-Brunet–Sokolov algorithm
Xulvi-Brunet and Sokolov's algorithm generates networks with chosen degree correlations. This method is based on link rewiring, in which the desired degree is governed by parameter ρ. By varying this single parameter it is possible to generate networks from random (when ρ = 0) to perfectly assortative or disassortative (when ρ = 1).  This algorithm allows to keep network's degree distribution unchanged when changing the value of ρ.

Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).  The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."
Crataegus collina
Crataegus collina is a type of hawthorn that is closely related to C. punctata, the dotted hawthorn, and sometimes considered to be the same species. A sample of C. collina and C. punctata  has suggested that C. collina is polyploid, and C. punctata is diploid, but a wider sample is needed to confirm that this is generally the case.

Crataegus punctata
Crataegus punctata is a species of hawthorn known by the common names dotted hawthorn or white haw that is native to most of the eastern United States and eastern Canada. While some sources claim it is the state flower of Missouri, the actual legislation does not identify an exact species. Furthermore, the Missouri Department of Conservation asserts the Crataegus mollis was specifically designated as the state flower.
Izumigoshi Tunnel
Izumigoshi  Tunnel (泉越トンネル, Izumigoshi  tonneru) is a tunnel on Tokaido Shinkansen operated by Central Japan Railway Company located between Atami Station and Odawara Station with total length of 3.193 km. It was built and completed in 1963.

Atami Station
Atami Station (熱海駅, Atami-eki) is a railway station in the city of Atami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).
Gaius Valerius Eudaemon
Gaius Valerius Eudaemon was a Roman eques who held a number of military and civilian positions during the reigns of the Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, which includes praefectus of Roman Egypt. He is known as a close friend of the emperor Hadrian.

His career is documented in two inscriptions. One is in Latin from Ephesus, erected by an imperial freedman named Hermes. The name of the subject is missing, but from the other inscription, erected in Syria and written in Greek, Eudaemon is confirmed as the subject.

The date of his death is not known, although he may be the same Eudaemon Marcus Aurelius mentions in a list of dead men he looked up to, along with Demetrius and Aulus Claudius Charax.

Equites
The equites (/ˈɛkwɪtiːz/; lit. 'horse'  or 'cavalrymen', though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property/social-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian order was known as an eques (Latin: [ˈɛ.kʷɛs]).
Timoléon d'Espinay
Timoléon d'Espinay (1580–1644), French soldier, was the eldest of the four sons of François d'Espinay, seigneur de Saint Luc (1554–1597), and was himself marquis de Saint Luc. In 1603 he accompanied Sully in his embassy to London.

In 1622, in his capacity as vice-admiral of France, he gained some advantages over the defenders of La Rochelle, obliging the Huguenot commander, Benjamin de Rohan, seigneur de Soubise, to evacuate the islands of Ré and Oléron. In 1627 he was named lieutenant-general of Guienne and Marshal of France.

Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully
Maximilien de Béthune Sully, 1st Prince of Sully, Marquis of Rosny and Nogent, Count of Muret and Villebon, Viscount of Meaux (13 December 1560 – 22 December 1641) was a French nobleman, soldier, statesman, and counselor of King Henry IV of France. Historians emphasize Sully's role in building a strong, centralized administrative system in France using coercion and highly effective new administrative techniques. While not all of his policies were original, he used them well to revitalize France after the European wars of religion. Most, however, were repealed by later monarchs who preferred absolute power. Historians have also studied his Neostoicism and his ideas about virtue, prudence, and discipline.
Jubbal
Jubbal is a tehsil, town and a nagar panchayat in Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh which shares its boundary with the state of Uttrakhand towards south-east. Jubbal is recognised as a major apple producing area in Shimla district along with Kotgarh, Rohru, Kotkhai and Chopal. It is famous for its Hindu temples, picturesque mountains and its royal palace situated in the town.

Kotgarh
Kotgarh is a town and a sub-tehsil in Kumarsain subdivision of Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Formerly under the British Raj, it was the capital of Kotkhai-Kotgarh princely state, which was later shifted to Kiari in Kotkhai. Kotgarh was incorporated into British India in 1815 and later to India in 1947.

It was in this region, where Satyanand Stokes planted first American apple tree in India in 1916. Himachal Pradesh is known as the apple bowl as well as fruit bowl of India, due to its high quality of apple and cherry cultivation.
Benjamin Cremaschi
Benjamin Cremaschi (Spanish: Benjamín [beŋxaˈmiŋ kɾeˈmaski]; born March 2, 2005) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Parma, on loan from Major League Soccer club Inter Miami, and the United States national team.

2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup
The 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup was the 24th edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 1977 as the FIFA World Youth Championship. It was held in Chile from 27 September to 19 October 2025.

Reigning champions Uruguay could not defend their title as they finished fifth in the 2025 South American U-20 Championship. In doing so, they became the eighth consecutive title holders to fail to qualify for the subsequent tournament.

Morocco defeated Argentina to win their first FIFA tournament title. This was the fourth consecutive U-20 World Cup to produce a new winning team, dating back to 2017.
Turkana language
Turkana /tɜːrˈkɑːnə/ is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya and Ethiopia. It is spoken in northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana. It is one of the Eastern Nilotic languages, and is closely related to Karamojong, Jie and Teso of Uganda, to Toposa spoken in the extreme southeast of South Sudan, and to Nyangatom in the South Sudan/Ethiopia Omo valley borderland; these languages together form the cluster of Ateker Languages.

The collective group name for these related peoples is Ateker.

Eastern Nilotic languages
The Eastern Nilotic languages are one of the three primary branches of the Nilotic languages, themselves belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subfamily of Nilo-Saharan; they are believed to have begun to diverge about 3,000 years ago, and have spread southwards from an original home in Equatoria in South Sudan.  They are spoken across a large area in East Africa, ranging from Equatoria to the highlands of Tanzania.  Their speakers are mostly cattle herders living in semi-arid or arid plains.
Nisbet, Scottish Borders
Nisbet is a small hamlet on the B6400, in Roxburghshire, along the River Teviot, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is located 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) north of Jedburgh and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Roxburgh.

The village has several Nisbet location names: Nisbet, East Nisbet, West Nisbet, Nisbetmill, Upper Nisbet, and Upper Nisbet Moor.  However, none of these are connected to the family of Nisbet of that Ilk, who built Nisbet House in Berwickshire.  There was a Nisbet family located a short distance from this Nisbet village at Cessford Burn from 1665 to 1822.

The Rev. Samuel Rutherford was born in the village of Nisbet about 1600.

Roxburgh (village)
Roxburgh (Gaelic, Rosbrog) is a village off the A699, by the River Teviot, near Kelso in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland.

It should not be confused with the historic royal burgh of Roxburgh, the site of which lies about 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of the present village.

Other places nearby include Ednam, Heiton, Maxton, Morebattle, Smailholm, Sprouston and Stichill.

The Borders Abbeys Way passes through the village.
Glossary of boiler terms
Boilers for generating steam or hot water have been designed in countless shapes, sizes and configurations. An extensive terminology has evolved to describe their common features. This glossary provides definitions for these terms.

Terms which relate solely to boilers used for space heating or generating hot water are identified by (HVAC).

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
2024 CrowdStrike-related IT outages
On 19 July 2024, the American cybersecurity company CrowdStrike distributed a faulty update to its Falcon Sensor security software that caused widespread problems with Microsoft Windows computers running the software. As a result, roughly 8.5 million systems crashed and were unable to properly restart in what has been called the largest outage in the history of information technology and "historic in scale".

The outage disrupted daily life, businesses, and governments around the world. Many industries were affected—airlines, airports, banks, hotels, hospitals, manufacturing, stock markets, broadcasting, gas stations, retail stores, and governmental services, such as emergency services and websites. The worldwide financial damage has been estimated to be at least US$10 billion.

Within hours, the error was discovered and a fix was released, but because many affected computers had to be fixed manually, outages continued to linger on many services.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
1991 San Francisco mayoral election
The 1991 San Francisco mayoral election was held on November 5, 1991, with a runoff election on December 10 that year. Incumbent mayor Art Agnos, after having won nearly 70% of the vote in 1987, scraped by with less than a third of the vote in the first round and was narrowly unseated by Chief of Police Frank Jordan in the runoff.

Agnos' strong support of demolishing the Embarcadero Freeway after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused San Francisco's Chinatown voters to turn against him, contributing to his narrow loss.

1987 San Francisco mayoral election
An election was held on November 3 and December 8, 1987, to elect the 39th mayor of San Francisco. Dianne Feinstein, then the incumbent, had served as mayor since the 1978 assassination of mayor George Moscone and supervisor Harvey Milk and had been elected to full terms in 1979 and 1983, and was thus term-limited. Then-California State Assembly member Art Agnos came from behind to defeat Supervisor John Molinari, garnering nearly 70 percent of the vote.