hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)
The 45 mm anti-tank gun model 1932 (factory designation 19-K and GRAU index 52-P-243A) was a light quick-firing anti-tank gun used in the interwar period and in the first stage of the German-Soviet War. It was created by factory No. 8 which was located in now Korolyov city, under leadership of engineer V. Bering.

Armour-piercing ammunition
Armour-piercing ammunition (AP) is a type of projectile designed to penetrate armour protection, most often including naval armour, body armour, and vehicle armour.

The first, major application of armour-piercing projectiles was to defeat the thick armour carried on many warships and cause damage to their lightly armoured interiors. From the 1920s onwards, armour-piercing weapons were required for anti-tank warfare. AP rounds smaller than 20 mm are intended for lightly armoured targets such as body armour, bulletproof glass, and lightly armoured vehicles.

As tank armour improved during World War II, anti-vehicle rounds began to use a smaller but dense penetrating body within a larger shell, firing at a very-high muzzle velocity. Modern penetrators are long rods of dense material like tungsten or depleted uranium (DU) that further improve the terminal ballistics.
1930 Liechtenstein by-election
By-elections were held in Liechtenstein on 16 March 1930. By-elections were called following the resignation of the four Christian-Social People's Party members of the Landtag. The VP believed that general elections should be held in 1930 because the Landtag elected in 1928 is only continuing the term that started after the April 1926 general elections. The result was a victory for the ruling Progressive Citizens' Party, which won all four vacant seats in the Landtag. The VP did not participate in the by-elections. The result led to a debate over the introduction of proportional representation, which took place in 1939.

April 1926 Liechtenstein general election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 5 April 1926. Early elections were called following a government crisis where the Christian-Social People's Party refused to elect Ludwig Marxer to government. The result was a victory for the ruling Christian-Social People's Party, which won 9 of the 15 seats in the Landtag.
Pacte Progressista
The Pacte Progressista (English: Progressive Pact, Pacte), officially the Pacte Progressista d'Eivissa (English: Progressive Pact of Ibiza), is an electoral alliance formed in Ibiza by the Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands, United Left of Ibiza, The Greens of Ibiza, Entesa Nacionalista i Ecologista (English: Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement of Ibiza) and Republican Left of Catalonia to contest the 1999 and 2003 regional elections. Previously, it had contested the 1996 Senate election in the Ibiza–Formentera constituency as Eivissa i Formentera al Senat (English: Ibiza and Formentera in the Senate), and it would also contest the 2000 Senate election as the Pacte per Eivissa i Formentera (English: Pact for Ibiza and Formentera).

The alliance would be reestablished as "Eivissa i Formentera al Senat" ahead of the 2023 Spanish general election with PSOE, Sumar, EU and Ara Eivissa as its components.

Entesa d'Eivissa
Entesa d'Eivissa (English: Agreement of Ibiza, Entesa), founded in 1989 as Entesa Nacionalista i Ecologista d'Eivissa (English: Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement of Ibiza, ENEE), and officially known from 1990 to 2012 as Entesa Nacionalista i Ecologista (English: Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement, ENE), was an Ibiza-based political party in Spain. It joined the Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation upon foundation in 1989, later joining its successor alliance, the PSM–Nationalist Agreement, in 1998.

In the 2015 regional election, Entesa supported the United Left-led candidacy Let's Win the Balearic Islands. After the resignation of its General Secretary Maurici Cuesta in 2016, the party was deactivated.
Andorra Davis Cup team
The Andorra Davis Cup team represents Andorra in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federació Andorrana de Tennis.

Andorra currently competes in the Europe Zone of Group IV, and have done so since 2008.  They reached Group II in 2003, losing to Greece in the first round 1-4 and to Egypt 2-3 in the relegation play-off.

Jean-Baptiste Poux-Gautier holds most if not all of Andorra's individual player records.

Greece Davis Cup team
The Greece men's national tennis team represents Greece in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Hellenic Tennis Federation.

Greece currently compete in Europe Zone Group III.  They have never competed in the World Group, but reached the European Zone quarterfinals three times.
Multinational Joint Task Force
The Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) is a combined multinational formation, comprising units, mostly military, from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria. It is headquartered in N'Djamena and is mandated to bring an end to the Boko Haram insurgency. Niger was a member until it's withdrawal in 2025.

Cameroon Armed Forces
The Cameroon Armed Forces (French: Forces armées camerounaises (FAC)) are the military of the Republic of Cameroon. It has three branches – the army, air force, and navy – and the gendarmerie.

It has generally remained loyal to the government and acted to ensure the stability of the regime, and not acted as an independent political force. Traditional dependence on the French defense capability, although reduced, continues to be the case as French military advisers remain closely involved in preparing the Cameroonian forces for deployment to the contested Bakassi Peninsula.

The African Union maintains its continental logistics base in Douala.
Protected areas of the European Union
Protected areas of the European Union are areas which need and/or receive special protection because of their environmental, cultural or historical value to the member states of the European Union.

NATURA 2000

Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

Special Protection Area (SPA)

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Interior extremum theorem
In mathematics, the interior extremum theorem, also known as Fermat's theorem, states that at the local extrema of a differentiable function, its derivative is always zero. It belongs to the mathematical field of real analysis and is named after French mathematician Pierre de Fermat.

By using the interior extremum theorem, the potential extrema of a function , with derivative , can be found by solving an equation involving . The interior extremum theorem gives only a necessary condition for extreme function values, as some stationary points are inflection points (not a maximum or minimum). The function's second derivative, if it exists, can sometimes be used to determine whether a stationary point is a maximum or minimum.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
Transformers: Devastation
Transformers: Devastation is a 2015 action-adventure game based on the Transformers franchise developed by PlatinumGames and published by Activision. In the game, players control five Autobots as they battle to stop a Decepticon plot to turn the Earth to metal. Several creatives who worked on past Transformers media, including writers, actors, and musicians, contributed to the game's development.

Devastation was released on PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox 360, and Xbox One in October 2015, and was the final Transformers game released by Activision. Critics praised the gameplay and faithfulness to its source material, but criticized its short length.

Bumblebee (Transformers)
Bumblebee is a fictional robot character appearing in the many installments of the Transformers franchise. The character is a member of the Autobots — a group of sentient, self-configuring, modular, extraterrestrial robotic lifeforms.

In the original line of toys and in the animated series, Bumblebee is a small yellow Volkswagen beetle. In the live action movies, he has appeared as vehicles inspired by the Chevrolet American muscle cars, with the live-action film versions being a yellow Camaro with black racing stripes. The original vehicle-mode design was based on a classic European Type 1 Volkswagen Beetle. The character is named after the bumblebee, a black-and-yellow striped insect, which inspired his paint scheme. Bumblebee is a fan-favorite, and appears in most of the series, later becoming the main protagonist in Transformers: Robots in Disguise, Bumblebee, and Transformers: Cyberverse. Bumblebee has also taken the form of a Willys Jeep in the 2018 film, Bumblebee.
René Roy (chemist)
René Roy (born November 4, 1952) is a Canadian organic chemist from Quebec, specializing in glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry. He is professor emeritus, Department of chemistry, at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) and associate professor at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Institut Armand-Frappier (IAF). He is the founder and former director of PharmaQAM, a biopharmaceutical research center based at UQAM, focusing on the discovery of new bioactive molecules, their mechanism of action and the vectorization of drugs. 
He is a pioneer in the development of synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines both for human and veterinary health, having co-developed the first and sole marketed semi-synthetic vaccine for human use, preventing bacterial meningitis and pneumonia in developing countries.

National Research Council Canada
The National Research Council Canada (NRC; French: Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development. It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada.

The Minister of Industry is responsible for the NRC.
Thompson Mortuary Chapel
The Thompson Mortuary Chapel, now Demaray's Gooding Chapel, is a historic building in Gooding, Idaho, designed by Tourtellotte & Hummel.  It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It was built in 1939 for A. E. Thompson of Gooding as a home for his furniture and undertaking business.  It is a rare example of the art moderne style in Idaho.

Gooding, Idaho
Gooding is the county seat of and the largest city in Gooding County, Idaho, United States.  The population was 3,716 at the 2020 census.

The city is named for Frank R. Gooding, a local sheep rancher who became a prominent political figure in Idaho in the early 20th century, serving as both Governor of Idaho and a United States Senator. The original name of Gooding was Toponis.

Gooding is home to the Idaho School for the Deaf and the Blind.

The world's largest factory for barrel cheese, the raw product for processed cheese, is located in Gooding. It has a capacity of 120,000 metric tons per year of barrel cheese and belongs to the Glanbia group. Gooding is also home to Gooding Elementary, Gooding Middle, and Gooding High schools.
1938 Christchurch mayoral election
The 1938 Christchurch City mayoral election was held on 11 May. The incumbent, John Beanland of the Citizens' Association, failed to get the nomination by his party and the surgeon Dr. John Guthrie was nominated instead. The Labour Party nominated Robert Macfarlane. Both the Labour and conservative candidate had been members of Christchurch City Council for some years. Macfarlane narrowly won the mayoralty.

1935 New Zealand general election
The 1935 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote held on 26 and 27 November to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 25th term. It resulted in the Labour Party's first electoral victory, with Michael Joseph Savage becoming the first Labour prime minister after defeating the governing coalition, consisting of the United Party and the Reform Party, in a landslide—to date, the worst defeat of a sitting government in New Zealand history.

The governing coalition lost 31 seats, which was attributed by many to their handling of the Great Depression: the year after the election, the United and Reform parties merged to form the modern National Party.

The election was originally scheduled to be held in 1934, in keeping with the country's three-year election cycle, but the governing coalition postponed the election by one year hoping that economic conditions would improve by 1935.
Punta Lazoney
The Punta Lazoney is a peak in the Biellese Alps with an elevation of 2,579 m a.s.l. It lies between Valsesia, in the Province of Vercelli, and the Lys Valley, in Aosta Valley; at the summit, the municipal territories of the Piedmontese commune of Rassa and the Aosta Valley communes of Gressoney-Saint-Jean and Gaby converge.

Military Geographic Institute (Italy)
43°46′38″N 11°15′36″E﻿ / ﻿43.777323°N 11.260037°E﻿ / 43.777323; 11.260037

The Military Geographic Institute (Italian: Istituto Geografico Militare, IGM) is an Italian public organization, dependent on the Italian Army general staff (Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito). It is the national mapping agency for Italy.
2018–19 Michigan Wolverines women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Michigan Wolverines women's basketball team represented the University of Michigan during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wolverines, led by head coach Kim Barnes Arico in her seventh year, played their home games at the Crisler Center. This season marked the program's 37th season as a member of the Big Ten Conference.

Michigan finished the season with a 22–12 record, including 11–7 in Big Ten play, to finish in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference. The team advanced to the semifinals of the Big Ten Conference women's basketball tournament for the first time since 2001, where they lost to Maryland. They received an at-large bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament, where they defeated Kansas State in the first round before losing to Louisville in the second round.

2018–19 Maryland Terrapins women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Maryland Terrapins women's basketball team represented the University of Maryland, College Park in 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Terrapins, led by seventeenth year head coach Brenda Frese, played their home games at the Xfinity Center as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 29–4, 15–3 in Big Ten play to win the Big Ten regular season championship. They advanced to the championship of the Big Ten women's tournament where they lost to Iowa State. They received an at-large to the NCAA women's basketball tournament as the No. 4 seed in the Albany region. There they defeated Radford before losing to UCLA in the Second Round.
Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. This heuristic, operating on the notion that, if something can be quickly recalled, it must be important, or at least more important than alternative solutions not as readily recalled, is inherently biased toward recently acquired information.

The mental availability of an action's consequences is positively related to those consequences' perceived magnitude. In other words, the easier it is to recall the consequences of something, the greater those consequences are often perceived to be. Most notably, people often rely on the content of their recall if its implications are not called into question by the difficulty they have in recalling it.

Uncertainty
Uncertainty or incertitude refers to situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown, and is particularly relevant for decision-making. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic or complex or dynamic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or both. It arises in any number of fields, including insurance, philosophy, physics, statistics, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, medicine, psychology, sociology, engineering, metrology, meteorology, ecology and information science.
Changuimun
37°35′33.41″N 126°57′59.74″E﻿ / ﻿37.5926139°N 126.9665944°E﻿ / 37.5926139; 126.9665944

Changuimun (Korean: 창의문; Hanja: 彰義門; also known as Northwest Gate) is one of the Eight Gates of Seoul in the Fortress Wall of Seoul, South Korea, which surrounded the city in the Joseon period. The gate is also known as Buksomun (북소문; lit. North Small Gate) and Jahamun (자하문).

The Eight Gates of Seoul
The Eight Gates of Seoul are a series of historic gates located in Seoul, South Korea. Two of the gates are now destroyed, although the others are still standing. The gates were constructed between 1396 and 1398, and allowed access to the city, which was surrounded by the Seoul City Wall during the Joseon period.
Sing Yin Secondary School
Sing Yin Secondary School (Chinese: 聖言中學), founded in 1970, is a Catholic, boys' secondary school in Hong Kong. The campus size is around 70,000 sq ft (6,500 m2). The school was dubbed "The Greenest School on Earth" by the U.S. Green Building Council in 2013.

Society of the Divine Word
The Society of the Divine Word (Latin: Societas Verbi Divini), abbreviated SVD and popularly called the Verbites or the Divine Word Missionaries, and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men. As of 2020, it consisted of 5,965 members composed of priests and religious brothers working in more than 70 countries, now part of VIVAT international. It is one of the largest missionary congregations in the Catholic Church. Its members add the nominal letters SVD after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. The superior general is Anselmo Ricardo Ribeiro, who hails from Brazil.
2018 Coppa Italia final
The 2018 Coppa Italia final decided the winner of the 2017–18 Coppa Italia, Italy's main football cup. It was played on 9 May 2018 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome between rivals Juventus and Milan.

Juventus won the match 4–0 with all four goals coming in the second half, winning their fourth consecutive Coppa Italia title and 13th title overall. This was the fifth time these teams met in the Coppa Italia Final, with Juventus winning previously in 1942, 1990 and 2016, and Milan winning in the 1973 final.

2017–18 Coppa Italia
The 2017–18 Coppa Italia, also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 71st edition of the national domestic tournament.
As a minimum, the winners of the Coppa Italia earn a place in the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage unless they qualify for a more favourable UEFA placing based on league play. Seventy-eight clubs participated in this season's cup competition.

Juventus won the title for a record-extending 13th time by defeating Milan 4–0, and extended their record consecutive win streak to four. They had defeated Lazio (in 2014–15 and 2016–17) and Milan (in 2015–16). They did not concede a goal in any of the five games played in this year's competition, outscoring their opponents 10–0 on aggregate.
Death and Taxes (video game)
Death and Taxes is a 2020 simulation video game by Leene Künnap, an Estonian indie game developer, and published through their company, Placeholder Gameworks, on February 20, 2020. The game has the player take the role of a Grim Reaper, who must bureaucratically decide the fates of humans, specifically whether they will live or die. The game shares its ideology with the death-positive movement. On March 18, 2020, Placeholder Gameworks uploaded the game code under the MIT License on GitHub.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Liberty Lake (Nevada)
Liberty Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains of Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is within the Ruby Mountains Wilderness, which is administered by the Ruby Mountains Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The lake is located near the head of Kleckner Canyon at approximately 40°34.8′N 115°23.7′W﻿ / ﻿40.5800°N 115.3950°W﻿ / 40.5800; -115.3950, and at an elevation of 10,039 feet (3,060 meters). It has an area of approximately 21 acres (8.5 hectares), and a depth of up to 108 feet (33 meters). It is one of the sources of Kleckner Creek, which after exiting the mountains merges with other streams to form the South Fork of the Humboldt River. The Ruby Crest National Recreation Trail runs along the western shore of the lake.

Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest
The Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion further west in Eastern California in the state of California. With an area of 6,289,821 acres (25,454.00 km2), it is the largest U.S. National Forest reservation outside of Alaska, further northwest on the North American continent.
Quercus tarahumara
Quercus tarahumara (also called Tarahumara oak) is a species of oak tree in the beech family. It grows in the Sierra Madre Occidental in the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, and Sinaloa. Some of the populations lie within the territory occupied by the Tarahumara people, after whom the species is named. It is placed in Quercus section Lobatae.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.