hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plantar reflex
The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. The reflex can take one of two forms.  In healthy adults, the plantar reflex causes a downward response of the hallux (flexion).

An upward response (extension) of the hallux is known as the Babinski response or Babinski sign, named after the neurologist Joseph Babinski. The presence of the Babinski sign can identify disease of the spinal cord and brain in adults, and also exists as a primitive reflex in infants.

While first described in the medical literature by Babinski in 1896, the reflex has been identified in art at least as early as Botticelli's Virgin and Child with an Angel, painted in the mid-15th century.

Corticospinal tract
The corticospinal tract is a white matter motor pathway starting at the cerebral cortex that terminates on lower motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord, controlling movements of the limbs and trunk. There are more than one million neurons in the corticospinal tract, and they become myelinated usually in the first two years of life.

The corticospinal tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, the other being the corticobulbar tract.
José Murat Casab
José Murat Casab (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse muˈɾat]; born October 18, 1947) is a Mexican politician and a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was Governor of Oaxaca and is a Diputado Federal elected from the ranks of Alliance for Mexico of Institutional Revolutionary Party-Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. He is of Assyrian descent, born to a Chaldean Catholic family from the village of Tel Keppe, Iraq.

Murat was a controversial governor but a competent political speaker. After he assumed office on December 1, 1998 a series of scandals tarnished the governor's office.

He participated in the important negotiations that led to the implementation of the Pact for Mexico and was appointed to be part of the Governing Council of the Pact for Mexico.

In 2003, he donated the Statue of Benito Juárez to the city of Fresno, California.

Governor of Oaxaca
The governor of Oaxaca (officially in Spanish Gobernador Constitucional del Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca, in English Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca), heads the executive branch of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The office is created by the state constitution, which specifies a term of 6 years and prohibits reelection. The governor takes office on December 1, and the term ends on November 30 six years later.

Gabino Cué Monteagudo was the first non-Institutional Revolutionary Party governor elected since 1929.
Princess Tekle of Georgia
Princess Tekle (Georgian: თეკლე, t'ekle; 1776 – 11 March 1846) was a Georgian princess royal (batonishvili) and poet. She was a daughter of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Kartli and Kakheti, the wife of Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani, and mother of the Georgian literati, Alexander and Vakhtang Orbeliani.

Batonishvili
Batonishvili (Georgian: ბატონიშვილი, lit. 'a child of a lord or sovereign') is a title for royal princes and princesses who descend from the Kings of Georgia from the Bagrationi dynasty.

Batonishvili is suffixed after or before the given names e.g. David Batonishvili or Batonishvili Ioane, etc.
Lyzovka
The Lyzovka (Russian: Лызовка) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Kolva, which in turn is a tributary of the Vishera. The river is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long, and the area of its drainage basin is 257 square kilometres (99 sq mi). The Lyzovka flows into the Kolva 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kolva's mouth.

Vishera (Perm Krai)
The Vishera (Russian: Вишера) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left bank tributary of the Kama. It is 415 kilometres (258 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 31,200 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi). The Vishera freezes in late October or early November and stays under the ice until the end of April. There are diamond deposits in the basin of the Vishera.

The Vishera used to be part of the Cherdyn Route and is still considered one of the most picturesque rivers of the Urals. It starts on the extreme northeast of Perm Krai, near the border with the Komi Republic and Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows on the west foothills of Ural Mountains and is a mountain river for most of its length. There are many rapids and shoals in the channel and many rocks along its banks.

The Vishera Nature Reserve is along the upper reaches of the river.
Emilio Sosa
Emilio Sosa (born February 23, 1967) is a costume designer for Broadway and is as of 2021 chair of the American Theatre Wing Board of Trustees in New York City. He has been nominated for 5 Tony Awards as a costume designer, and is best-known for his work on Topdog/Underdog, Porgy and Bess, and By the Way, Meet Vera Stark.

Tony Award for Best Costume Design in a Play
Tony Award for Best Costume Design in a Play is an award for outstanding costume design of a play. The award was first presented in 1961 after the category of Best Costume Design was divided into Costume Design in a Play and Costume Design in a Musical with each genre receiving its own award.
Operation Phantom Strike
Operation Phantom Strike was a major offensive launched by the Multi-National Corps – Iraq on 15 August 2007 in a crackdown to disrupt both the al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamic State of Iraq and Shia insurgent operations in Iraq. It consisted of a number of simultaneous operations throughout Iraq focused on pursuing remaining ISI terrorists and Iranian-supported insurgent groups.  It was concluded in January 2008 and followed up with Operation Phantom Phoenix.

Baghdad Belts
The Baghdad Belts are the residential, agricultural and industrial areas, as well as communications and transportation infrastructure that encircle the Iraqi capital and connect it to other areas in Iraq. In the Iraq War, they were used by insurgents as staging points for operations in the capital.
Minnesota v. Olson
Minnesota v. Olson, 495 U.S. 91 (1990), is a landmark search and seizure case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. In a 7–2 decision, the court held that a person staying as a guest in the house of another had a legal expectation of privacy, and that a warrantless entry into that house to arrest the person tainted the arrest and the individual's subsequent statements.

Reasonable expectation of privacy
In United States constitutional law, reasonable expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of the privacy protections of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It is related to, but is not the same as, a right to privacy, a much broader concept which is found in many legal systems (see privacy law). Overall, reasonable expectations of privacy can be subjective or objective.
Hong Myong-hui
Hong Myong-hui or Hong Myung-hee (Korean: 홍명희; Hanja: 洪命熹; July 3, 1888 – March 5, 1968) was a Korean novelist during the colonial period, and later a North Korean novelist and state official.

He was born in Dongbu-ri, Goesan county, North Chungcheong Province, where he took part in the 3.1 Movement in 1919. In the 1920s, he served as an editor of the The Dong-A Ilbo. Hong also was part of the Korean nationalist group Singanhoe which was founded in 1927.

Hong founded the Democratic Independent Party with his comrades An Jae-hong, Kim Byung-ro, Kim Ho, Pak Yong-hee, I Kuk-ro and Kim Won-yong on 19 October 1947. Hong then became the chairman of the party. After the Korean War, he occupied various important positions in North Korea.

He is buried in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery in Hyongjesan-guyok, Pyongyang, North Korea. His grandson, Hong Sok-jung, is also a well known North Korean author.

Ahn Chai-hong
Ahn Chai-hong (Korean: 안재홍; Hanja: 安在鴻;  30 December 1891 – 1 March 1965) was a Korean independence activist, politician, and member of the 2nd National Assembly of South Korea. His pen-name was Minse, and his clan name was Sunheung Ahn.
Jean Ray Laury
Jean Ray Laury (March 22, 1928 – March 2, 2011) was an American artist and designer. She was one of the first fine artists to move to quilting as a medium of choice in the late 1950s. Her quilts followed neither traditional method nor pattern; they were bold, modern, colorful collages, often laced with humor and satire. Penning over twenty books and teaching over 2,000 workshops, Laury helped women see the creative possibilities in everyday objects and awake their sense of inspiration. Laury has been called a "foremother of a quilt revival",
and "one of the pioneers" of non-traditional quilts.

International Quilt Museum
The International Quilt Museum (formerly the International Quilt Study Center and Museum) is a textile museum at the East Campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. Founded in 1997, the museum moved to its current location in 2008 and houses the largest known public collection of quilts in the world.
Tore Reginiussen
Tore Reginiussen (born 10 April 1986) is a Norwegian former professional footballer. Reginiussen has previously played for the clubs Tromsø, Schalke 04, Lecce, OB, Rosenborg, FC St. Pauli and Alta and has been capped playing for Norway. Reginiussen played as a centre back, but could also play as a central midfielder.

2015 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 2015 Norwegian Football Cup final took place at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on November 22, 2015. Rosenborg were in their 16th final (9 wins and 6 runners-up) with a chance to win a Double, after they won a Tippeligaen, while Sarpsborg 08 were in their first final ever and had the chance to win the first trophy in the club's history.
Greenvale Football Club
The Greenvale Football Club is an Australian rules football club 23 km north-west of Melbourne in the suburb of Greenvale. The club was founded in 1990 as a junior club by Les Norris. By 2005, the club was fielding fifteen teams in the Essendon District Football League.

Scott Lucas (footballer)
Scott Lucas (born 30 December 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League, and he is noted as being the other major forward for the Bombers along with Matthew Lloyd during Essedon's turn-of-the-century domination. Together, Lloyd and Lucas were affectionately dubbed the "twin towers" due to their height in the Bomber forward line.
Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau (Punjabi: پوٹھوہار پَٹھوار, romanized: Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhwār; Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار, romanized: Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār), also known as the Northern Punjab Plateau, is a plateau within the Sagar Doab of north-western Punjab in Pakistan. It is located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.

Khokhar
Khokhar (Punjabi: کھوکھر) is a historical Punjabi clan originating from the Salt Range of Pakistani Punjab. They are primarily native to Punjab, Pakistan; but are also found in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. Khokhars predominantly follow Islam, having converted to Islam from Hinduism in the 13th century after coming under the influence of Baba Farid.
Fred Brown (American football guard)
William Frederick Brown (August 29, 1905 – February 28, 1979) was an American football player.

Brown was born in 1905 in Dedham, Massachusetts. He played for the 1929 NYU Violets football team that defeated Penn State, Georgia, and Missouri, compiling a 7–3 under head coach Chick Meehan.

Brown played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a guard for the Staten Island Stapletons during the 1930 season. He appeared in seven NFL games, one as a starter.

After his football career ended, Brown lived in Austin, Texas, and worked as an officer with the Texas State Liquor Authority. After retiring, he moved to Bradenton, Florida. He died in February 1979 at Blake Memorial Hospital in Bradentown.

Chick Meehan
John Francis "Chick" Meehan (September 5, 1893 – November 9, 1972) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Syracuse University (1920–1924), New York University (1925–1931), and Manhattan College (1932–1937), compiling a career coaching record of 115–44–14. Meehan played quarterback at Syracuse from 1915 to 1917.

Meehan stated, "We learn practically nothing from a victory. All our information comes from a defeat. A winner forgets most of his mistakes."
2015 New South Wales Swifts season
The 2015 New South Wales Swifts season saw New South Wales Swifts compete in the 2015 ANZ Championship. Swifts finished the regular season in second place in the Australian Conference. In the play-offs, they defeated West Coast Fever and Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic but twice lost narrowly to Queensland Firebirds in both the Australian Conference final and the Grand Final. It was Swifts' first appearance in the title decider since their successful 2008 campaign.

New South Wales Swifts
New South Wales Swifts are an Australian professional netball team based in Sydney, New South Wales. Since 2017 they have represented Netball New South Wales in Super Netball. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship. The team was formed in 2007 when Netball New South Wales merged its two former Commonwealth Bank Trophy league teams, Sydney Swifts and Hunter Jaegers. In 2008, Swifts were the inaugural ANZ Championship winners. Swifts were also grand finalists in 2015 and 2016. They won their second and third premierships in 2019 and 2021. The Swifts play their home games at Ken Rosewall Arena in Sydney.
1958 RAC Tourist Trophy
The 1958 RAC Tourist Trophy took place on 13 September on the Goodwood Circuit (England). It was also the sixth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the RAC Tourist Trophy had taken place since 1955, following the death of three drivers during the race that year.

1955 RAC Tourist Trophy
The 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy took place on 17 September, on the roads around Dundrod, (County Antrim, Northern Ireland).  It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, and it was the first championship race following the horrendous tragedy at Le Mans. It was also the Golden Jubilee year for the RAC Tourist Trophy. Going into the race, Ferrari were leading the Manufacturers Championship by four points from Jaguar, and victory for the Italian marque would have put them in a strong position to win a third successive title.
Real closed ring
In mathematics, a real closed ring (RCR) is a commutative ring A that is a subring of a product of real closed fields, which is closed under continuous semi-algebraic functions defined over the integers.

Product of rings
In mathematics, a product of rings or direct product of rings is a ring that is formed by the Cartesian product of the underlying sets of several rings (possibly an infinity), equipped with componentwise operations. It is a direct product in the category of rings.

Since direct products are defined up to an isomorphism, one says colloquially that a ring is the product of some rings if it is isomorphic to the direct product of these rings. For example, the Chinese remainder theorem may be stated as: if m and n are coprime integers, the quotient ring  is the product of  and
Kartoos
Kartoos (lit. 'Cartridge') is a 1999 Indian Hindi action thriller film directed by Mahesh Bhatt and starring Sanjay Dutt, Jackie Shroff and Manisha Koirala. It was the last release of Mahesh Bhatt as a director until the release of Sadak 2 (2020). The film borrows its plot idea from the 1993 film Point of No Return, which in turn is a remake of the French film La Femme Nikita, where Bridget Fonda essays a role which is very similar to that character of Sanjay Dutt.

Point of No Return (1993 film)
Point of No Return (International title: The Assassin) is a 1993 American action thriller film directed by John Badham and starring Bridget Fonda and Gabriel Byrne. It is a remake of Luc Besson's 1990 film La Femme Nikita.
Joe Gilman
Joseph Alan Gilman (born June 27, 1962) is an American jazz pianist from Sacramento, California. He has taught at American River College and Sacramento State University in Sacramento and the Brubeck Institute in Stockton, California.

Sunnyside Records
Sunnyside Records is an American jazz record company and label initially established by François Zalacain in 1982 to release an album by pianist Harold Danko. Albums by Kirk Lightsey and Lee Konitz soon followed, beginning a sequence of releases covering a cross-section of jazz, blues, classical, and world music.
60 Leonis
60 Leonis is a star in the zodiac constellation of Leo, located 127 light years from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.4. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −11 km/s.

This is an Am star with a stellar classification of A1 Vm, although LeBlanc et al. (2015) consider it an Ap star. The atmosphere displays clear indications of stratification of iron with no significant magnetic field detected. It is 195 million years old with a relatively low projected rotational velocity of 17 km/s. The star has 2.11 times the mass of the Sun and 1.80 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 24.1 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,540 K.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Boston Planning & Development Agency
The Boston Planning & Development Agency (BPDA), formerly the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), is a Massachusetts public agency that serves as the municipal planning and development agency for Boston, working on both housing and commercial developments.

As an agency concerned with urban planning, the BPDA does not consider requests for zoning variances from individual property owners. These are heard by the city's own Zoning Board of Appeals, a seven-person body appointed by the Mayor of Boston.

Some consider the BPDA's roles as both real estate owner and developer, and approval authority over private development projects, to be a conflict of interest.

Mayor of Boston
The mayor of Boston is the head of the municipal government in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Boston has a mayor–council government. Boston's mayoral elections are nonpartisan (as are all municipal elections in Boston), and elect a mayor to a four-year term; there are no term limits. The mayor's office is in Boston City Hall, in Government Center.

The current mayor of Boston is Michelle Wu.
The Complete Robot
The Complete Robot (1982) is a collection of 31 of the 37 science fiction short stories about robots by American writer Isaac Asimov, written between 1939 and 1977. Most of the stories had been previously collected in the books I, Robot and The Rest of the Robots, while four had previously been uncollected and the rest had been scattered across five other anthologies. They share a theme of the interaction of humans, robots and morality, and put together tell a larger story of Asimov's fictional history of robotics. The stories are grouped into categories.

Robot Visions
Robot Visions (1990) is a collection of science fiction short stories and factual essays by Isaac Asimov. Many of the stories are reprinted from other Asimov collections, particularly I, Robot and The Bicentennial Man and Other Stories. It also includes the title story, "Robot Visions" (written specifically for this collection), which combines Asimov's motifs of robots and of time travel. It is the companion book to Robot Dreams (1986).
Sindhis in India
Sindhis in India (Devanagari: सिन्धी, Sindhī, Naskh script: سنڌي) refer to a socio-ethnic group of Sindhi people living in the Republic of India, originating from Sindh (a province of modern-day Pakistan).

After the 1947 Partition of India into the dominions of new Muslim-majority Pakistan and remaining Hindu-majority India, a million non-Muslim Sindhis migrated to independent India. As per the 2011 census of India, there are 2,772,364 Sindhi speakers in the Indian Republic. However, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak the language and also includes Kutchis who may not identify as ethnic Sindhis (especially those in Gujarat).

Sindhi diaspora
The Sindhi diaspora (Sindhi: ٻاهري ملڪي سنڌي) consists of Sindhi people who have emigrated from the historical Sindh province of British India, as well as the modern Sindh province of Pakistan, to other countries and regions of the world, as well as their descendants.

Apart from the Indian subcontinent, Sindhi communities exist in Malaysia, Oman, Singapore, UAE, USA and UK, where they have established themselves as a trade diaspora.
Clan Mackie
Clan Mackie is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan does not have a chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms therefore the clan has no standing under Scots Law. Clan Mackie is considered an armigerous clan, meaning that it is considered to have had at one time a recognised chief, or a chief who possessed the chiefly arms of the name; however, no one at present is in possession of such arms.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
1941 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1941 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 32nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

Buttevant entered the championship as the deeding champions.

The final was played on 2 November 1941 at the Mardyke in Cork, between Cloughduv and Buttevant, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cloughduv won the match by 6–04 to 3–00 to claim their second championship title overall and a first championship title in 30 years.

1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 1 August 1909 and ended on 31 October 1909.

On 31 October 1909, Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 3–15 to 2–00 defeat of Bandon in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
Hopfian group
In mathematics, a Hopfian group is a group G for which every epimorphism

G → G

is an isomorphism. Equivalently, a group is Hopfian if and only if it is not isomorphic to any of its proper quotients.

A group G is co-Hopfian if every monomorphism

G → G

is an isomorphism.  Equivalently, G is not isomorphic to any of its proper subgroups.

Finitely generated group
In algebra, a finitely generated group is a group G that has some finite generating set S so that every element of G can be written as the combination (under the group operation) of finitely many elements of  S and of inverses of such elements.

By definition, every finite group is finitely generated, since S can be taken to be G itself. Every infinite finitely generated group must be countable but countable groups need not be finitely generated. The additive group of rational numbers Q is an example of a countable group that is not finitely generated.