hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.

George Hamartolos
George Hamartolos or Hamartolus (Greek: Γεώργιος Ἁμαρτωλός) was a monk at Constantinople under Michael III (842–867) and the author of a chronicle of some importance. Hamartolus is not his name but the epithet he gives to himself in the title of his work: "A compendious chronicle from various chroniclers and interpreters, gathered together and arranged by George, a sinner (ὐπὸ Γεωργίου ἁμαρτωλοῦ)". It is a common form among Byzantine monks. German 19th century scholar Karl Krumbacher (Byz. Litt., 358) protested against the use of this epithet as a name and proposed (and used) the form Georgios Monachos (Γεώργιος Μοναχός "George the Monk").

Nothing is known about him except from the internal evidence of his work, which establishes his period (in the preface he speaks of Michael III as the reigning emperor) and his calling (he refers to himself several times as a monk).
2025 Boston Marathon
The 2025 Boston Marathon was the 129th official edition of the annual marathon race in Boston, Massachusetts, held on Monday, April 21, 2025. It was a Platinum Label marathon, one of seven World Marathon Majors scheduled for 2025 and the second to be run, following the 2025 Tokyo Marathon of early March.

In early April, organizers announced that Bill Rodgers, four-time winner of the event, and Bob Hall, "the father of wheelchair racing", would serve as grand marshals. Each won their division in the 1975 Boston Marathon.

1975 Boston Marathon
The 1975 Boston Marathon took place on Monday, April 21, 1975. It was the 79th time the Boston Marathon was organized. Of the field of 2,041 competitors, 1,838 completed the race; 1,810 men and 28 women.

The men's race was won by American Bill Rodgers in 2:09:55, setting a new course record. At the time, Rodgers was a graduate student at Boston College; he later won the 1978, 1979, and 1980 editions of the race. The women's race was won by Liane Winter of West Germany in a world-record time of 2:42:24.

Bob Hall became the first person to complete the Boston Marathon in wheelchair, finishing in two hours and 58 minutes.
Urethral stricture
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube connected to the bladder that allows urination. The narrowing reduces the flow of urine and makes it more difficult or even painful to empty the bladder.

Urethral stricture is caused by injury, instrumentation, infection, and certain non-infectious forms of urethritis. The condition is more common in men due to their longer urethra.

Urethritis
Urethritis is the inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptoms include painful or difficult urination and urethral discharge. It is a commonly treatable condition usually caused by infection with bacteria. This bacterial infection is often sexually transmitted, but not in every instance; it can be idiopathic, for example. Some incidence of urethritis can appear asymptomatic as well.
Alberta Citylink
Alberta Citylink was an airline based in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. It operated domestic passenger service for Air Canada as an Air Canada Connector air carrier via a code sharing agreement. Its main base was Medicine Hat Airport, with a hub at Calgary International Airport

Medicine Hat Airport
Medicine Hat Airport (IATA: YXH, ICAO: CYXH) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. WestJet Encore services the airport daily from Calgary.

During World War II the site was used as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP).
Chalfont Viaduct
The Chalfont Viaduct (also known as the Misbourne Viaduct) is the first of two five-arch brick railway viaducts on the Chiltern Main Line in south-east England. It is located between Gerrards Cross and Denham Golf Club stations. The M25 motorway passes beneath it between junctions 16 and 17 at Gerrards Cross near Chalfont St Peter, from where the bridge gets its name. The bridge is known as Chalfont No. 1 Viaduct; the longer Chalfont No. 2 Viaduct is a short distance to the west and spans the A413.

The bridge is noted as a local landmark because for ten years it bore a graffiti slogan, "give peas a chance" painted in large white letters on the south-facing parapet. As of March 2024, it bears the slogan "helta▪skelta" (added in 2021).

Gerrards Cross
Gerrards Cross is a town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies immediately south of Chalfont St Peter and a short distance west of the London Borough of Hillingdon, from which it is separated by the parish of Denham. Other neighbouring villages include Fulmer, Hedgerley, Iver Heath and Stoke Poges. It is 19 miles (31 km) west-north-west of central London. The town stands on the lower slopes of the Chiltern Hills, and the River Misbourne flows through the parish, north-east of the town. Bulstrode Park Camp was an Iron Age fortified encampment. The town is close to the M25 motorway and the M40 motorway, the latter running beside woodland on the town's southern boundary.
Chetvertnia
Chetvertnia (Ukrainian: Четвертня, Polish: Czetwertnia) is a village in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine. The village is famous for being the estate of the Czetwertyński family.

In the 15th–17th centuries the village was considered a city.

In 1437 Oleksandr Chetvertynsky established in a city Transfiguration Monastery. Sometime at the end of 16th century the city belonged to the House of Zbaraski when Prince Janusz Zbaraski married Hanna Czetwertyńska. In 1604 here was established a church Transfiguration of Our Lord. Upon extinguishing of House of Zbaraski family line, the estate was returned to Czetwertyński family.

Zbaraski
The House of Zbaraski (Polish: Zbarascy) was a Polish-Lithuanian princely family of Ruthenian origin in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland domiciled in Volhynia (today Ukraine). The name is derived from the town of Zbarazh, the core of their dominions branched off the princely Nieświcki family.
. They claimed to be Gediminids descended from Kaributas and their coat of arms is stamped with the Korybut coat of arms. The line ended in 1631, with their assets overtaken by their cadet branch, the Wiśniowiecki family.
Florida Gators baseball
The Florida Gators baseball team represents the University of Florida in the sport of baseball.  Florida competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the  of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  They play their home games in Condron Ballpark on the university's Gainesville, Florida, campus, and are currently led by head coach Kevin O'Sullivan.  In the 105-season history of the Florida baseball program, the team has won 16 SEC championships and has appeared in 14 College World Series tournaments. The Gators won their first national championship in 2017.

NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The NCAA Division I Baseball Championship is held each year from May through June and features 64 college baseball teams in the United States, culminating in the eight-team Men's College World Series (MCWS) at Charles Schwab Field Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska.

The tournament is unique in that it features four tiers of competition, alternating between double-elimination brackets and best-of-three series. In fact, throughout the entire 64-team tournament, a team can lose a total of four games and still be crowned champions.
Jihane Almira Chedid
Jihane Almira Chedid (Hanacaraka: ꦗꦶꦲꦤ꧀​ꦄꦭ꧀ꦩꦶꦫ​ꦖꦼꦢꦶꦢ꧀, Arabic: جيهان الميرا شديد; Arabic pronunciation: [ʒiˈhaːn al.miˈraː ʃaˈdiːd]; born February 4, 2000) is an Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly Ambassador, actress, fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2020. She is known for her work in advocating for #ActYourThoughts orphanage programs. Chedid is the first delegate from Central Java to be crowned Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata. She represented Indonesia at the Miss Supranational 2021 pageant held in Poland, where she get crowned Miss Supranational Asia 2021, also winning the Best National Costume and Miss Supra Fan-Vote awards.

Sumba
Sumba (Petjo: Soemba-eiland; Indonesian: pulau Sumba), natively also spelt as Humba, Hubba, Suba, or Zuba (in Sumba languages) is an Indonesian island (part of the Lesser Sunda Archipelago group) located in the Eastern Indonesia and administratively part of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial territory. Sumba has an area of 11,243.78 square kilometres (4,341.25 square miles), about the same size as Jamaica or the island of Hawaii. The population was 686,113 at the 2010 Census and 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 853,428 (comprising 436,845 males and 416,583 females). To the northwest of Sumba is Sumbawa, to the northeast, across the Sumba Strait (Selat Sumba), is Flores, to the east, across the Savu Sea (including Savu Island), is Timor, and to the south, across part of the Indian Ocean, is Australia.
Kid Lykos II
Joe Newboult (born 8 July 2002) – better known by his ring name Kid Lykos II – is an English professional wrestler who is primarily known for his work in the British professional wrestling promotions: Progress Wrestling, Revolution Pro Wrestling, Attack! Pro Wrestling, American Promotions All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and The Wrestling Revolver. Most of his career, he competed as a masked luchador. He is also known for his various tenures with promotions from the European independent scene.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Bargur Assembly constituency
Bargur is a state assembly constituency in Krishnagiri district in Tamil Nadu, India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 52. It comprises portions of Krishnagiri and Pochampalli taluks and is a part of Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. Most successful party: AIADMK (nine times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Former chief minister Jayalalithaa contested twice in this constituency, won in 1991 and lost in 1996.

Krishnagiri district
Krishnagiri district is one of the 38 districts (a district in the northwestern part) of the state of Tamil Nadu, in India. This district was carved out from Dharmapuri District in 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, e-Governance was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males. Hosur is the most populous city in the district.
R827 road (Ireland)
The R827 road is a regional road in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Dublin, Ireland connecting Blackrock and Monkstown with the N11 (Stillorgan Road).

The official definition of the R827 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 states:

R827: Blackrock - Cornelscourt, County Dublin

Between its junction with R113 at Newtownpark Avenue and its junction with N11 at Cabinteely Bypass via Stradbrook Road, Deansgrange Road and Clonkeen Road all in the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.

The road is 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) long.

N11 road (Ireland)
The N11 road is a national primary road in Ireland, running for 129 km (80 mi) along the east side of Ireland from Dublin to Wexford. It passes close to Bray, Greystones, Newtownmountkennedy, Ashford, Wicklow, Arklow, Gorey, and Enniscorthy. Beyond Wexford, the route continues to Rosslare as the N25. The road forms part of European route E01. As of July 2019 the N11/M11 is of dual carriageway or motorway standard from Dublin as far as Oilgate in County Wexford.

The road is a busy commuter route, being the only dual carriageway passing through the south eastern suburbs of Dublin, as well as close to the many commuter towns along the east coast as far south as Gorey. Summer Friday and Sunday evenings also see very heavy traffic as Dubliners decamp to and return from their many holiday home locations along the County Wicklow and County Wexford coastlines.
Orientia
Orientia is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae. They are obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria found in insects and mammals. They are spread through the bites or feces of infected insects.

The genus comprises the species Orientia tsutsugamushi and Orientia chuto, which both cause scrub typhus in humans.

Rickettsiaceae
The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria. The genus Rickettsia is the most prominent genus within the family. The bacteria that eventually formed the mitochondrion (an organelle in eukaryotic cells) is believed to have originated from this family.  Most human pathogens in this family are in genus Rickettsia.  They spend part of their lifecycle in the bodies of arthropods such as ticks or lice, and are then transmitted to humans or other mammals by the bite of the arthropod.  It contains Gram-negative bacteria, very sensitive to environmental exposure, thus is adapted to obligate intracellular infection.  Rickettsia rickettsii is considered the prototypical infectious organism in the group.
Alexander K. Tyree
Alexander Kelly Tyree (August 28, 1915 – May 10, 2006) was an American naval officer who served as a submarine commander during World War II and reached the rank of captain in the United States Navy.

He was awarded the Navy Cross twice for commanding successful submarine patrols attacking Japanese forces in 1945.  After the war, he continued to serve in the navy and also taught naval science and mathematics at the universities of Washington and Mary Washington.

USS Bowfin
USS Bowfin (SS/AGSS-287), is a Balao-class submarine of the United States Navy named for the bowfin fish. Since 1981, she has been open to public tours at the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, next to the USS Arizona Memorial Visitor Center.

Bowfin was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard at Kittery, Maine, on 23 July 1942, and launched on 7 December 1942 by Mrs. Jane Gawne, wife of Captain James Gawne, and commissioned on 1 May 1943, Commander Joseph H. Willingham in command.
Moringa stenopetala
Moringa stenopetala, commonly known as the African Moringa or cabbage tree, is a deciduous tree in the plant genus Moringa, native to Kenya and Ethiopia. A drought-resistant species, it is characterized by its bottle-shaped trunk, long twisted seed pods, and edible leaves likened to cabbage, from which its common name is derived. M. stenopetala is extirpated in the wild in Ethiopia, though still grown there as a crop on the terraces of the Ethiopian Highlands, mainly in the Konso region.

Like its widely cultivated relative M. oleifera, Moringa stenopetala is a multipurpose tree: the leaves, pods, and flowers are edible and nutritious; the seeds contain an aromatic oil with culinary and cosmetic applications; and the seed press cake or powdered bark can be used for water purification. It is featured in various dishes and has a history of uses in folk medicine throughout its native range.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
DeLancey Astor Kane
DeLancey Astor Kane (August 28, 1844 – April 4, 1915) was an American soldier and horseman who was prominent in New York Society during the Gilded Age. He was called the "father of coaching in the United States."

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
Herring-Bone (card game)
Herringbone is a solitaire card game played with 104 playing cards. It is also commonly known as Pigtail, Braid or by its original German name, "Der Zopf". While the game demands relatively little planning, it serves as a moderately challenging solitaire option. The English name was mentioned in Lady Cadogan's Illustrated Games of Solitaire or Patience in 1914.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Hatherden
Hatherden is a village and civil parish in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. Located within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, its nearest town is Andover, which lies approximately 3.3 miles (4.5 km) south from the village.

Test Valley
Test Valley is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England, named after the valley of the River Test. The council is based in the borough's largest town of Andover. The borough also contains the town of Romsey and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. A small part of the borough at its southern end lies within the New Forest National Park, and part of the borough north of Andover lies within the North Wessex Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Basingstoke and Deane, Winchester, and Eastleigh to the east, Southampton and New Forest to the south, Wiltshire to the west and West Berkshire to the north.
Apluda
Apluda is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia and to various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

The only known species is Apluda mutica, native to Central Asia, China (incl. Taiwan + Tibet), Japan (incl Ryukyu Islands), Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Caroline Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Socotra, Oman.

Formerly included

see Andropogon, Ichnanthus, Ischaemum, Polytoca, Themeda, Zeugites

Ichnanthus
Ichnanthus, commonly called bedgrass, is a genus of tropical plants in the grass family, widespread in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas.

Species

formerly included

see Chevalierella Echinolaena Homolepis Ottochloa Panicum Parodiophyllochloa Yakirra
Shingrai Waterfall
Shingrai Waterfall (Urdu: شنگرئی آبشار) also known as Shingro Dand (Pashto: شنگرو ڈنڈ) is a waterfall located in Shingrai Manglawar in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is known for its high and beautiful surrounding. It is about 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Mingora.

Mingora
Mingora (Pashto: مینګورہ, Romanised: Minga Wara) is a city in the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located on the Swat River, it is the 3rd largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the 26th largest in Pakistan. Mingora is the largest city and the epicenter of social, cultural, and economic activities in Malakand Division, and also the largest in the northern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Tolsta Chaolais
Tolsta Chaolais (also Tolastadh Chaolais, Tolstadh a' Chaolais) is a village on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland.  It consists of about forty houses, clustered around Loch a' Bhaile, about 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) from the A858 road between Callanish and Carloway. The name has a Norse element, Tolsta, combined with a Gaelic element, Caolas, and means "Farm by the Strait". Tolsta Chaolais is in the parish of Uig, and has a building as a place of worship for all denominations.

In 1979 the village was photographed by Fay Godwin as part of a landscape photography project funded by the Arts Council of Great Britain. One of Godwin's photographs of Tolsta Chaolais was published in her 1985 book of rural landscapes, Land.

In 2013, the village was the location of much of the filming for the CBeebies children's television programme Katie Morag.

Carloway
Carloway (Scottish Gaelic: Càrlabhagh [ˈkʰaːɾɫ̪ə.ɤː]) is a crofting township and a district on the west coast of the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The district has a population of around 500. Carloway township is within the parish of Uig, and is situated on the A858.
Catford Studios
Catford Studios was a British film studio located in Southend, London, just southeast of Catford in Southeast London which operated from 1914 to 1921. It was also known as the Windsor Studios.

The studio was constructed in 1914, and produced a number of notable films during the First World War such as Tom Brown's Schooldays and the first Edgar Wallace adaptation The Man Who Bought London. After the war the studio was acquired by the Broadwest Company of Walter West who used it largely as an overflow facility for his main base at Walthamstow Studios. When Broadwest ran into financial problems, the studio was closed.

Broadwest
Broadwest or the Broadwest Film Company was a British film production company of the silent era. Its name it a portmanteau of its two founders, George Broadbridge and the film director Walter West. West took an active role in the company's productions, directing and producing many of the films. The company gained a reputation for producing films about horse racing, often based on popular novels such as those of Nathaniel Gould.

The company was based at Walthamstow Studios, although some films were also made at Esher Studios during the early days of the company's existence.