hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Systainer
Systainers (from sys-tem con-tainers) are modular inter-stacking plastic containers used for transporting power tools. Boxes from different manufacturers are compatible and can be stacked and clipped together. A design using four joining clips was introduced by Festool Tooltechnic in 1993. In 2010 the T-Loc variant was introduced using a rotating handle for connecting and locking of containers, in combination with redesigned feet.

To reduce plastic pollution, Festool designed the Systainer to first allow distribution of products, then be reused in stacking form as reusable packaging for tool transportation and storage.

Several power tool manufacturers use or offer Systainer-compatible variants. Other manufacturers use the alternative Sortimo L-BOXX design.

The term "Systainer" was trademarked in the United States in January 1994.

Power tool
A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. The most common types of power tools use electric motors. Internal combustion engines and compressed air are also commonly used. Tools directly driven by animal power are not generally considered power tools. Power tools can produce large amounts of particulates, including ultrafine particles. Airborne particulate matter is a Group 1 carcinogen.
Kawasaki Superbike Challenge
Kawasaki Superbike Challenge (known in Europe as Kawasaki Superbikes) is a multiplatform racing video game where the player takes the role of a Kawasaki factory team rider in an unnamed fictional racing series.

Kawasaki Motors
Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. (カワサキモータース株式会社, Kawasaki Mōtāsu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the Kawasaki Aerospace Company (川策重工業汎用機カンパニー) and later the Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine Company (川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー). In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
Chennai Lighthouse
There have been at least four lighthouses named Chennai Lighthouse (Tamil: சென்னை கலங்கரை விளக்கம்) or Madras Lighthouse, which face the Bay of Bengal on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent in Chennai, India.

The current lighthouse is a landmark on the Marina Beach, which was built by the East Coast Constructions and Industries in 1976, and opened in January 1977. It also houses an office of the meteorological department. On 16 November 2013, it was reopened to visitors. It is one of the few lighthouses in the world with an elevator. It is also the only lighthouse in India within the city limits. It is powered by a solar panel.

Fort St. George
Fort St. George (or historically, White Town) is a fortress at the coastal city of Chennai, India. Founded in 1639, it was the first English (later British) fortress in India. The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land. Thus, it is a feasible contention to say that the city (named Madras since before the arrival of the Europeans until July 1996) evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings.
Carrigans, County Tyrone
Carrigans is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Strabane Upper and the civil parish of Cappagh and covers an area of 859 acres.

The name derives from the Irish: Carraigínidhe (small rocks).

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:

The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a Court tomb (grid ref: H4218 8076).

Cappagh, County Tyrone
54°32′34″N 6°55′33″W﻿ / ﻿54.54278°N 6.92583°W﻿ / 54.54278; -6.92583

Cappagh (Irish: Ceapach (tilled or cultivated land)) is a small village and townland in the parish of Pomeroy in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Around 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Dungannon, it is between Pomeroy, Ballygawley, Galbally and Carrickmore, with the hamlet of Galbally about one mile to the east. Most of the land around Cappagh is farmland although a quarry lies just outside the village. In County Tyrone, there is also the parish of Cappagh which includes part of the town of Omagh and small village of Mountfield.
Cheyney Ryan
Cheyney C. Ryan is an American philosopher, legal scholar, human rights educator, playwright and emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Law at the University of Oregon.

He is currently a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Ethics, Law, and Armed Conflict (ELAC) at the University of Oxford, where he is also a founding member of the institute. He is known for his work on nonviolence, pacifism, and the critique of just war theory. Ryan is the co-founder and co-chair of the Oxford Consortium for Human Rights (OCHR), an international initiative committed to peacebuilding and rights-based education.

Ryan has  awards for his academic and activist work, including the Joseph J. Blau Prize from the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, an Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from Quinnipiac University, and recognition by The Washington Post as one of the leading scholars in peace and conflict studies.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
Juniperus seravschanica
Juniperus seravschanica is a species of juniper. Common names include Pashtun juniper (Pashto: اوبښته ōbəx̌ta, "[a species] which sucks water"; Pashto: پښتني صنوبر).

It ranges from southernmost Kazakhstan through Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, eastern Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, to northern and eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and Kashmir. Outlying populations are found in the mountains of southeastern Iran – near Kuhbanan, Rabor, and on Kuh-e Khabr in the Hazaran range – and the Hajar Mountains of Oman.

Juniperus seravschanica is sometimes classified as a subspecies of J. polycarpos or J. excelsa.

Juniperus excelsa
Juniperus excelsa, commonly called the Greek juniper, is a juniper found throughout the eastern Mediterranean, from northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria across Turkey to Syria and Lebanon, Jordan, the Caucasus mountains, and southern coast of Crimea.

A subspecies, J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos, known as the Persian juniper, occurs in the Alborz and other mountains of Iran east to northwestern Pakistan, and an isolated population in the Jebal Akhdar mountains of Oman; some botanists treat this as a distinct species, Juniperus polycarpos.
Arp 302
Arp 302 (also known as Exclamation Point Galaxy) is a galaxy in the constellation Boötes. Arp 302, also known as VV 340 or UGC 9618 consists of a pair of very gas-rich spiral galaxies in their early stages of interaction. An enormous amount of infrared light is radiated by the gas from massive stars that are forming at a rate similar to the most vigorous giant star-forming regions in our own Milky Way. Arp 302 is 450 million light-years away from Earth, and is the 302nd galaxy in Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966. A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas, which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology. The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among galaxies.
Akokisa
The Akokisa (also known as the Accokesaws, Arkokisa, or Orcoquiza) were an Indigenous tribe who lived on Galveston Bay and the lower Trinity and Sabine rivers in Texas, primarily in the present-day Greater Houston area. They were a band of the Atakapa Indians, closely related to the Atakapa of Lake Charles, Louisiana.

Colorado River (Texas)
The Colorado River is an approximately 862-mile-long (1,387 km) river in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the 11th longest river in the United States and the longest river with both its source and its mouth within Texas.

Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Lago Vista, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City, before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay.
Agustín de Jáuregui
Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa (17 May 1711 – 29 April 1784) was a Spanish politician and soldier who served as governor of Chile (1772–80) and viceroy of Peru (1780–84). He was born in Lekaroz in the Kingdom of Navarre, Spain in 1711. He traveled to South America in 1740 as a soldier serving at Cartagena de Indias. He was then appointed royal governor of Chile in 1772, and later moved to the Viceroyalty of Peru after of the end of his term in Chile in 1780.

Royal Governor of Chile
The royal governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the royal governor also held the title of a captain general. There were 66 such governors or captains during the Spanish conquest and the later periods of Spanish-centered colonialism. Since the first Spanish–Mapuche parliaments in the 17th century it became an almost mandatory tradition for each governor to arrange a parliament with the Mapuches.
Campylocarpon fasciculare
Campylocarpon fasciculare is a species of parasitic fungus in the family Nectriaceae, and the type species of the genus Campylocarpon. Described as new to science in 2004, it is one of several pathogens associated with black foot disease in grape.

Nectriaceae
The Nectriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. The group was first circumscribed in 1865 by the French mycologists Charles and Louis Tulasne.

According to a 2020 taxonomic review published in the journal Mycosphere, the family comprised 70 recognized genera and approximately 1,336 species.

It is a highly diverse group with a worldwide distribution and it has higher diversity in warm temperate and tropical regions (Rossman et al. 1999; Rossman 2000; Chaverri et al. 2011, Schroers et al. 2011, Hyde et al. 2014, Lombard et al. 2015,). Several authors have studied and revised the taxonomy of Nectriaceae (Petch 1938; Munk 1957; Dennis 1960; Kreisel 1969; Rossman et al. 1999; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010; Lombard et al. 2015; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b). A recent treatment of Nectriaceae was provided by Wijayawardene et al. (2022), they also accepted 70 genera within the family.
Striation Valley
Striation Valley is a valley trending south-east towards George VI Sound, lying immediately north of Jupiter Glacier, near the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The valley was first surveyed by a field party from the Department of Geography at the University of Aberdeen, with British Antarctic Survey support, in 1978–79. The name derives from glacial striations found on rocks in the valley. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.147. In 2001, a continuous stand of approximately 1600 m 2 of Antarctic bryophyte vegetation was recorded on moist slopes in lower Striation Valley.

Antarctic Specially Protected Area
An Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) is an area on the continent of Antarctica, or on nearby islands, which is protected by scientists and several different international bodies. The protected areas were established in 1961 under the Antarctic Treaty System, which governs all the land and water south of 60 latitude and protects against human development. A permit is required for entry into any ASPA site. The ASPA sites are protected by the governments of Australia, New Zealand, United States, United Kingdom, Chile, France, Argentina, Poland, Russia, Norway, Japan, India, Italy, and Republic of Korea. There are currently 72 sites.
Pietroșani, Argeș
Pietroșani is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Bădești, Gănești, Pietroșani, Retevoiești, and Vărzăroaia.

The commune is situated in the southern foothills of the Făgăraș Mountains, at an altitude of 442 m (1,450 ft), on the banks of  Râul Doamnei and its right tributary, Valea Ruzii. It is located in the central-north part of Argeș County, 28 km (17 mi) southwest of Câmpulung and 38 km (24 mi) north of the county seat, Pitești.

Pietroșani is crossed by county road DJ731, which connects it to the north with Domnești, Corbi, and Nucșoara, and to the south with Coșești and Dârmănești, where it ends in DN73.

Câmpulung
Câmpulung (also spelled Cîmpulung, Romanian pronunciation: [kɨmpuˈluŋɡ], German: Langenau, Hungarian: Hosszúmezőcode: hun promoted to code: hu , or Câmpulung Muscel) is a city in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is attested on the Fra Mauro map from 1450 as Campo longo. It is situated among the outlying hills of the Southern Carpathians, at the head of a long well-wooded glen traversed by the river Târgului, a tributary of the river Argeș.
Raynold Oilouch
Raynold B. Oilouch (born 1965 or 1966) is a Palauan politician. He has served as the Vice President of Palau from 19 January 2017 to 21 January 2021, and again since 16 January 2025. Oilouch was elected vice president in the 2016 elections. He was also the Minister of Justice from January 2017 to January 2021, and minister of health since January 2025.

Before his term as vice president, he served as senator from Ngchesar in the Senate of Palau.

Oilouch has a bachelor's degrees of both social sciences and economics from Canberra College of Advanced Education. He has also been practicing law in Palau since 1998.

Vice President of Palau
Vice President of Palau is the second-highest position in the executive branch of the government of Palau, after the president.

The vice president is elected in popular elections separate from presidential elections. When the president has been sworn in, the vice president will serve as a member of the cabinet and may have other responsibilities assigned by the president. The salary of the vice president has been US$65,000 annually since 2010
Sør-Vågsøy Municipality
Sør-Vågsøy is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 37.9-square-kilometre (14.6 sq mi) municipality existed from 1910 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Kinn Municipality in the traditional district of Nordfjord in Vestland county. The administrative centre was Måløy where Sør-Vågsøy Church is located. Other population centres in the municipality included the villages of Holvika, Vågsvåg, Torskangerpoll, Færestrand, and Ytre Oppedal.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 37.9-square-kilometre (14.6 sq mi) municipality was the 603rd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Vågsøy Municipality was the 224th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 3,922. The municipality's population density was 103.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (268/sq mi) and its population had increased by 22.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Vågsvåg
Vågsvåg is a village in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the southern shore of the island of Vågsøy along the Vågsfjorden, a part of the main Nordfjorden. The village looks across the fjord towards the island of Husevågøy.

Vågsvåg is located about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest of the village of Holvika, and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the town of Måløy. The Hendanes Lighthouse lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Vågsvåg.

The 0.25-square-kilometre (62-acre) village had a population (2020) of 205 and a population density of 820 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,100/sq mi). Since 2020, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
London 2022 International Stamp Exhibition
London 2022 International Stamp Exhibition was an international stamp exhibition held from 19 to 26 February 2022 at the Business Design Centre in Islington, London. The exhibition was granted patronage from the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie and was recognised by the Federation of European Philatelic Associations.

The exhibition was originally scheduled to be held in 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Philatelic exhibition
A philatelic exhibition is an exhibition of stamps and postal history where stamp collectors (philatelists) compete for medals. The displays are shown in glass frames, and the exhibition is normally accompanied by stamp dealer bourses and post office stands where stamps and other philatelic items may be purchased.

Many philatelic exhibitions are regular events, held annually or at some other frequency and they are important events in the philatelic calendar.
Gassin
Gassin (French pronunciation: [ɡasɛ̃]) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association.

It is located very near to the holiday destination of Saint-Tropez. Perched high up on a rock, it is less than 4 km (2.5 mi) from the sea. Many Tropezian tourists who are attracted by a more affordable life prefer to stay in Gassin and enjoy the same kind of "Cote d'Azur" life.

It lies 2 kilometres from route D559 which links Hyères (41 km) and Sainte-Maxime (12 km).

Sainte-Maxime
Sainte-Maxime (pronounced [sɛ̃t maksim]; Occitan and Provençal: Santa Maxima) is a Resort town in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is located on the French Riviera (Côte d'Azur), 90 km (56 mi) west from Nice and 130 km (81 mi) east from Marseille. Its inhabitants are called Maximois or Maximoises in French.
Ashbrook Estate
Ashbrook Estate is an Australian winery based at Wilyabrup, in the Margaret River wine region of Western Australia.  The winery sells much of its output through the cellar door and to mailing list clientele.  Its wines, and especially its white wines, have been highly praised by influential Australian wine writers Ray Jordan and James Halliday.

Wilyabrup, Western Australia
Wilyabrup, also spelt Willyabrup, is a locality in Western Australia's Margaret River wine region, in the local government area of the City of Busselton. The Quinninup Falls are within the locality.

At the 2021 census, it had a population of 193. It has the highest concentration of premium wine producers in the region.
Eigenvalue perturbation
In mathematics, an eigenvalue perturbation problem is that of finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a system  that is perturbed from one with known eigenvectors and eigenvalues . This is useful for studying how sensitive the original system's eigenvectors and eigenvalues   are to changes in the system. 
This type of analysis was popularized by Lord Rayleigh, in his investigation of harmonic vibrations of a string perturbed by small inhomogeneities.

The derivations in this article are essentially self-contained and can be found in many texts on numerical linear algebra or numerical functional analysis.
This article is focused on the case of the perturbation of a simple eigenvalue, as opposed to a 
multiplicity of eigenvalues.

Rayleigh–Ritz method
The Rayleigh–Ritz method is a direct numerical method of approximating eigenvalues, originated in the context of solving physical boundary value problems and named after Lord Rayleigh and Walther Ritz.

In this method, an infinite-dimensional linear operator is approximated by a finite-dimensional compression, on which we can use an eigenvalue algorithm.

It is used in all applications that involve approximating eigenvalues and eigenvectors, often under different names. In quantum mechanics, where a system of particles is described using a Hamiltonian, the Ritz method uses trial wave functions to approximate the ground state eigenfunction with the lowest energy. In the finite element method context, mathematically the same algorithm is commonly called the Ritz-Galerkin method. The Rayleigh–Ritz method or Ritz method terminology is typical in mechanical and structural engineering to approximate the eigenmodes and resonant frequencies of a structure.
Amt Burg
Amt Burg (Spreewald) is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Spree-Neiße, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Burg (Spreewald).

The Amt Burg (Spreewald) consists of the following municipalities:

Briesen

Burg

Dissen-Striesow

Guhrow

Schmogrow-Fehrow

Werben

Spree-Neiße
Spree-Neiße (Lower Sorbian: Wokrejs Sprjewja-Nysa [ˈwɔkrɛjs ˈsprʲɛwʲa ˈnɨsa]) is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise) the districts Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis and Kamenz in Saxony, the districts Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Dahme-Spreewald and Oder-Spree. The district-free city Cottbus is surrounded by the district. To the east is Poland.
Butler (software)
Butler is an application launcher for macOS by Peter Maurer. It can learn common abbreviations for programs and which are used most frequently. Butler can play music on iTunes and copy and move files. It can be accessed via a menu or keyboard shortcut. Butler is similar to other launchers such as Quicksilver and LaunchBar.

Comparison of desktop application launchers
An application launcher is a computer program that helps a user to locate and start other computer programs.  An application launcher provides shortcuts to computer programs, and stores the shortcuts in one place so they are easier to find.

In the comparison of desktop application launchers that follows, each section is devoted to a different desktop environment.
26th New York State Legislature
The 26th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 25 to April 6, 1803, during the 2nd year of George Clinton's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
Donaupark
The Donaupark (lit. Danube Park) is a 630,000 m2 park in Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria. Originally built on former wetlands between the New Danube and the Old Danube in Kaisermühlen, it was created for the 1964 Vienna International Garden Show and now sits adjacent to the UNO-City.

Helmut Leherb
Helmut Leherb (14 March 1933 – 28 June 1997) was an Austrian artist and representative of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, which is close to Surrealism.  He was born Helmut Leherbauer in Vienna and is also known as Maître Leherb.