hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federal Constitutional Law
The Federal Constitutional Law (German: Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, abbreviated B-VG) is a federal constitutional law in Austria serving as the centerpiece of the Constitution. It establishes Austria as a democratic federal parliamentary republic.

The Law was drafted following the 1918 collapse of Austria-Hungary and was promulgated in 1920.  It underwent significant revisions in 1925 and 1929, the latter reform changing the system of government from purely parliamentary to semi-presidential. The Law was superseded by the authoritarian Ständestaat constitution in 1934, which itself became void with the 1938 incorporation of Austria into Nazi Germany. It was reestablished when the nation regained independence from Germany in 1945. The Law was fully restored to force with the end of the Allied occupation in 1955 and has remained in force ever since.

Federal Council (Austria)
The Federal Council (German: Bundesrat, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁaːt]) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria at the federal level. As part of a bicameral legislature alongside the National Council, it can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is far less powerful than the National Council: although it has to approve every new law decided for by this lower chamber, the latter can – in most cases – overrule the Federal Council's refusal to approve.

The Bundesrat has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. Since 2023, it meets in a chamber formerly used by the National Council's budget committee. During a major renovation of the parliament building from 2017 until 2023, the Federal Council met in the Hofburg Palace.
Gmina Adamów, Zamość County
Gmina Adamów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Adamów, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Zamość and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 110.55 square kilometres (42.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,058 (4,871 in 2013).

Zamość County
Zamość County (Polish: powiat zamojski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zamość, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Szczebrzeszyn, which lies 21 km (13 mi) west of Zamość, Zwierzyniec, which lies 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Zamość, and Krasnobród, 22 km (14 mi) south of Zamość.

The county covers an area of 1,872.27 square kilometres (722.9 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 107,441, including a population of 4,991 in Szczebrzeszyn, 3,175 in Zwierzyniec, 3,091 in Krasnobród, and a rural population of 96,184.
Ulmus americana 'Sheyenne'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Sheyenne' was raised by the Northwest Nursery Company of Valley City, North Dakota, before 1941, from a local elm in nearby Chautauqua Park.

'Sheyenne' is not regarded as a valid cultivar by some authorities.

Valley City, North Dakota
Valley City is a city in and the county seat of Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 6,575 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 6,580 in 2024, making it the 12th most populous city in North Dakota. Valley City was founded in 1874.

Valley City is known for its many bridges over the Sheyenne River, including the Hi-Line Railroad Bridge. These bridges have earned it the nickname "City of Bridges". The city is also the home of Valley City State University and the North Dakota High School Activities Association (NDHSAA).
Qupai
A qupai (Chinese: 曲牌; pinyin: qǔpái; also called Chinese: 牌子; pinyin: paizi) is the generic term for a fixed melody used in traditional Chinese music. The literal meaning is "named tune," "labeled melody," "titled tune," or "titled song". Qupai are relatively brief, most comprising between 20 and 70 measures in 2/4 meter. Many qupai are centuries old, but only a few of these have been handed down to the present.

Qupai are commonly used in Chinese opera, such as kunqu and Beijing opera, as well as by folk and ritual ensembles, including Jiangnan sizhu and Taoist ritual music. Qupai have also been used as the basis for 20th century compositions for Chinese instruments, both solo and ensemble. In these contexts, these stock melodies very often serve as a basis for melodic elaboration and variation. This variation is particularly well codified in the taoqu structure of Chaozhou xianshi music.

The Baisha xiyue tradition of the Naxi of Lijiang, Yunnan utilizes 24 qupai.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Aircraft Warning Corps
The Aircraft Warning Corps (AWC) was a World War II United States Army Air Force organization for Continental United States air defense.  The corps' information centers networked an area's "Army Radar Stations" which communicated radar tracks by telephone, and the information centers also integrated visual reports processed by Ground Observer Corps filter centers.  The AWC notified air defense command posts of the First Air Force, Second Air Force, Third Air Force, and Fourth Air Force. These command posts would deploy interceptors which used command guidance to achieve ground-controlled interception.

Lashup Radar Network
The Lashup Radar Network was a United States Cold War radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-World War II "five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority Permanent System".: 61  ROTOR was a similar expedient system in the United Kingdom.
Chawpi Urqu (Bolivia)
Chawpi Urqu (Quechua, chawpi central, middle, urqu mountain, "central mountain", also spelled Chaupi Orko) is a 4,617-metre-high (15,148 ft) mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range in Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, near the Peruvian border. Chawpi Urqu lies east of the mountains Surapata and Kulli Pata and north of Q'umir Pata.

Sorapata
Sorapata (possibly from Aymara sura dry jiquima, a species of Pachyrhizus, pata step, "sura step") is a mountain in the north of the Apolobamba mountain range on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is about 6,000 metres (19,685 ft) high. On the Bolivian side it is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, and on the Peruvian side it lies in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Sina District. Sorapata is situated between Locopauchenta and Cunuyo in the north and Chaupi Orco (or Viscachani) in the south. The lake Japucocha lies southwest of it.
James Boyd (engineer)
James Boyd (December 20, 1904 – November 24, 1987) was an American mining engineer and educator. He led the Metals and Minerals Branch of the Commodities Division of the Army–Navy Munitions Board during World War II and served as the 8th director of the U.S. Bureau of Mines.

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) is a professional association for mining and metallurgy, with over 145,000 members.  The association was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and was one of the first national engineering societies in the country.

The association's charter is to "advance and disseminate, through the programs of the Member Societies, knowledge of engineering and the arts and sciences involved in the production and use of minerals, metals, energy sources and materials for the benefit of humankind."

It is the parent organization of four Member Societies, the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). The organization is currently based in San Ramon, California.
China Railways TH10
The China Railways TH10 class steam locomotive was a class of 4-6-0 passenger steam locomotives operated by the China Railway. Originally amongst the first locomotives ordered by the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), they were later operated by the privately owned Jichang Jidun Railway and its successor, the Manchukuo National Railway, which designated them Tehoni class. The "Teho" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 4-6-0 wheel arrangement were called "Ten-Wheeler".

These locomotives should not be confused with the Mantetsu Tehoni class engines, which were reclassified Tehoi class in 1938.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Gmina Kłoczew
Gmina Kłoczew is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kłoczew, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Ryki and 68 km (42 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 143.17 square kilometres (55.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,336.

Ryki
Ryki [ˈrɨkʲi] is a town in the Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland, capital of Ryki County. It has 9,767 inhabitants (as of 2007). It is situated between Warsaw and Lublin. Ryki belongs to Lesser Poland, and historically is part of Ziemia Stężycka (Land of Stężyca, an ancient county, the only part of historic Sandomierz Voivodeship which was located on the right bank of the Vistula river). The distance to the Polish capital is 100 km (62 mi), the distance to Lublin – 64 km (40 mi).
Zetland FM
Zetland FM is a community radio station broadcasting from Redcar and covering the Redcar and Cleveland district in North East England. Its studios are located within the Redcar Beacon on the town's seafront.

Community radio in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, community radio refers to a system of licensing small, micro-local, non-profit radio stations, which started in 2002. In its early days, the pilot scheme was known as access radio. New legislation paved the way for this additional tier of radio, starting in 2005, and hundreds of community stations have since been set up. Unlike commercial radio licensing, which is generally advertised to cover a specific region, community radio stations are usually limited to broadcast areas smaller than commercial or BBC local stations, nominally within a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) radius of their transmitter.
Chusansŏng
Chusansŏng (Korean: 주산성; Hanja: 主山城; RR: Jusanseong) was a Gaya-era Korean fortress in what is now Goryeong County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It also went by the name Isansŏng (이산성; 耳山城; Isanseong) On January 21, 1963, it was made Historic Site of South Korea No. 61.

It was built on the mountain Jusan. Relics that were characteristic of Gaya culture of the 5th to 6th centuries have been found at the site. It had two sets of walls. The inner walls were in a long oval shape. Both sets are mostly collapsed.

Historic Sites (South Korea)
Historic Sites (Korean: 사적) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for places of important historical value. It is managed by the Administrator of the Cultural Heritage Administration, under article 25 of Cultural Heritage Protection Act of South Korea.

More recent structures, namely those from the late 19th century to the 1940s, are not eligible for listing as "Historic Sites", but rather may be officially listed under the designation 'Cultural Heritage of Early Modern Times' under 'Registered Cultural Heritage'. This can be done "if they are highly valuable and on the verge of destruction or deterioration".
Opoho
Ōpoho is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It sits on the western flank of Signal Hill, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of the city centre, overlooking North East Valley and the Dunedin Botanic Gardens.

Dunedin North
Dunedin North, also known as North Dunedin, is a major inner suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin, located 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) northeast of the city centre. It contains many of the city's major institutions, including the city's university, polytechnic, main hospital, and largest museum. Dunedin North's 2001 population was 7,047, including the university area.
Moses Gaster
Moses Gaster (17 September 1856 – 5 March 1939) was a Romanian, later British scholar, the Hakham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish congregation, London, and a Hebrew and Romanian linguist. Moses Gaster was an active Zionist in Romania as well as in England, where in 1899 he helped establish the English Zionist Federation.

Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as the Royal Asiatic Society, was established, according to its royal charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia."  From its incorporation the society has been a forum, through lectures, its journal, and other publications, for scholarship relating to Asian culture and society of the highest level.  It is the United Kingdom's senior learned society in the field of Asian studies. Fellows of the society are elected regularly and include highly accomplished and notable scholars of Asian studies; they use the post-nominal letters FRAS.
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga is an aerobic, Gram-positive and motile bacterium from the genus Stenotrophomonas which has been isolated from sewage sludge from Kazan in Russia. Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga has the ability to degrade Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

Stenotrophomonas
Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, comprising at least twenty-six species. The main reservoirs of Stenotrophomonas are soil and plants. Stenotrophomonas species range from common soil organisms (S. nitritireducens) to opportunistic human pathogens (S. maltophilia); the taxonomy of the genus is still somewhat unclear.
2014–15 Cyprus Basketball Division A
The 2014–15 Cyprus Basketball Division A was the 48th season of the Cyprus Basketball Division A, the top-tier level professional basketball league on Cyprus. The season started on November 1, 2014, and ended April 21, 2015. AEK Larnaca won the national championship.

Cyprus Basketball Division A
The Cyprus Basketball Division A, known for sponsorship reasons as ECOMMBX Basket League, is currently the top-tier level men's professional basketball competition of the Cypriot basketball league system. It is run and governed by the Cyprus Basketball Federation.
Cephalopholis argus
Cephalopholis argus, the peacock hind, roi, bluespotted grouper, and celestial grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a member of the subfamily Epinephelinae, the groupers, and part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They come from the Indo-Pacific and are variously a commercial gamefish, an invasive species, and occasionally an aquarium resident. Its species name comes from its resemblance to the "hundred staring eyes" of the monster Argus who had a hundred eyes and was the shepherd of the goddess Hera in Greek mythology.

Parrotfish
Parrotfish (named because their mouths resemble a parrot's beak) are a clade (a fundamental grouping in evolutionary biology consisting of a single common ancestor and all of its descendants) of fish placed in the subfamily Scarinae of the wrasse family (Labridae). Formerly treated as their own family (Scaridae), genetic studies found them to be deeply nested within the wrasses, and they are now treated as a subfamily (Scarinae). With roughly 95 species, the group's largest species richness is in the Indo-Pacific. They are found in coral reefs, rocky coasts, and seagrass beds, and can play a significant role in bioerosion  because they eat away at the corals. This activity is also often attributed to enriching the sand content on the surrounding ocean floor.
Psi Virginis
Psi Virginis (ψ Vir, ψ Virginis) is a suspected binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. It can be seen with the naked eye and has an apparent visual magnitude of about 4.8. Based upon the annual parallax shift of 5.99 milliarcseconds, the distance to this star is roughly 540 light years. The angular size of Psi Virginis was measured on December 26, 1975 during an occultation by the Moon, yielding the estimate 6.5±0.3 mas.

The primary component is an evolved red giant star with a stellar classification of M3 IIICa-1. It is an irregular variable with seven measured pulsation periods ranging from 22.4 to 162.6 days, and amplitudes ranging up to 0.m022. The star is a bright X-ray source with a luminosity of 21.58×1029 ergs s−1. There is a magnitude 8.3 companion at an angular separation of 0.04 arcseconds.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Preflight checklist
In aviation, a preflight checklist is a list of tasks that should be performed by pilots and aircrew prior to takeoff. Its purpose is to improve flight safety by ensuring that no important tasks are forgotten. Failure to correctly conduct a preflight check using a checklist is a major contributing factor to aircraft accidents.

Gust lock
A gust lock on an aircraft is a mechanism that locks control surfaces and keeps open aircraft doors in place while the aircraft is parked on the ground and non-operational. Gust locks prevent wind from causing unexpected movements of the control surfaces and their linked controls inside the aircraft, as well as aircraft doors on some aircraft; otherwise, wind gusts could cause possible damage to the control surfaces and systems, or to nearby people, cargo, or machinery. Some gust locks are external devices attached directly to the aircraft's control surfaces, while others are attached to the relevant flight controls inside the cockpit.
Beverly Breckenridge
Beverly Breckenridge is a musician, composer, and actress from Toronto, Ontario. She played bass for the bands Fifth Column and Phono-Comb.

In 1986, Beverly Breckenridge joined the post-punk band Fifth Column.

Beverly's first appearance on film was in No Skin Off My Ass, in 1991. In 2012, a documentary film by Kevin Hegge, called She Said Boom: The Story of Fifth Column was released featuring interviews with band members Caroline Azar, G.B. Jones, and Beverly Breckenrige, with commentary on the influence of Fifth Column by Kathleen Hanna, Vaginal Davis and Bruce LaBruce.

Vaginal Davis
Vaginal Davis (born in Los Angeles, California) is an American performer, painter, independent curator, composer, film-maker and writer. Born intersex and raised in South Central, Los Angeles, Davis gained notoriety in New York during the 1980s, where she inspired the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn's prevalent drag scene as a genderqueer artist. She currently resides in Berlin, Germany.
Cisterna d'Asti
Cisterna d'Asti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Asti. On 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,257 and an area of 10.7 square kilometres (4.1 mi2).

Cisterna d'Asti borders the following municipalities: Canale, Ferrere, Montà, and San Damiano d'Asti.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
1979 Swedish Open
The 1979 Swedish Open was a men's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held in Båstad, Sweden. It was part of the 1979 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 32nd edition of the tournament and was held from 16 July through 22 July 1979. Björn Borg won the singles title.

Swedish Open
The Nordea Open  (sponsored by Nordea) is a professional tennis tournament held in Båstad, Sweden. It is played on outdoor clay courts in July.
The men's event is an ATP Tour 250 tournament. The women's event was an International tournament and successor to the Nordic Light Open in Stockholm, and from 2019 onwards is a WTA 125 series-level tournament.
Umuchima
Umuchima is a village near the city of Owerri,  in the Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. Along with Ihiagwa, Eziobodo and Obinze, it borders the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO).

Owerri West
Owerri WestListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Umuguma. Owerri West Local Government is administered under the terms of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Elections to the office of the Chairman of the local government are held through nominations by registered political parties as stipulated by the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, under the supervision of Imo State Electoral Commission. 
Owerri West was carved out of the former Owerri Local Government Area in 1996. 
A very large portion of the local government constitute the capital city of Imo State, Nigeria.

It has an area of 295 km2 (114 sq mi) and a population of 99,265 at the 2006 census.