hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Art in the San Francisco Bay Area
The history of art in the San Francisco Bay Area includes major contributions to contemporary art, including Abstract Expressionism. The area is known for its cross-disciplinary artists like Bruce Conner, Bruce Nauman, and Peter Voulkos as well as a large number of non-profit alternative art spaces. San Francisco Bay Area Visual Arts has undergone many permutations paralleling  innovation and hybridity in literature and theater.

Chinese Culture Center
The Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco (or CCC) (simplified Chinese: 旧金山中华文化中心; traditional Chinese: 舊金山中華文化中心; pinyin: Jiùjīnshān Zhōnghuá Wénhuà Zhōngxīn; Jyutping: Gau6gam1saan1 Zung1waa4 Man4faa3 Zung1sam1) is a community-based, non-profit organization established in 1965 as the operations center of the Chinese Culture Foundation located in Hilton San Francisco Financial District, at 750 Kearny Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, California, United States.

The CCC's activities have shifted focus throughout its existence. In the 2010s the center focused on contemporary art exhibitions and interventions, under the vestige of the CCC Visual Arts Center, as well as on radical, social justice education initiatives, under the vestige of the Him Mark Lai Learning Center.
Paleolimnology
Paleolimnology (from Greek: παλαιός, palaios, "ancient", λίμνη, limne, "lake", and λόγος, logos, "study") is a scientific sub-discipline closely related to both limnology and paleoecology. Paleolimnological studies focus on reconstructing the past environments of inland waters (e.g., lakes and streams) using the geologic record, especially with regard to events such as climatic change, eutrophication, acidification, and internal ontogenic processes.

Paleolimnological studies are mostly conducted using analyses of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of sediments, or of biological records such as fossil pollen, diatoms, or chironomids.

Golden algae
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae, or golden algae, are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater.

The Chrysophyceae should not be confused with the Chrysophyta, which is a more ambiguous taxon. Although "chrysophytes" is the anglicization of "Chrysophyta", it generally refers to the Chrysophyceae.
Church Fenton
Church Fenton is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 16 miles (26 km) east of Leeds, about 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Tadcaster and 3 miles (5 km) north from Sherburn in Elmet. Neighbouring villages include Barkston Ash, Cawood and Ulleskelf. The former RAF Church Fenton is located immediately north-east, which is now known as Leeds East Airport.

Tadcaster
Tadcaster is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 15 miles (24 km) north-east of Leeds and 10 miles (16 km) south-west of York.

Its historical importance from Roman times onward was largely as the lowest road crossing-point on the River Wharfe until the construction of the A64 Tadcaster by-pass some 660 yards (600 m) to the south, in 1978. There are two rail crossings downstream of the town before the Wharfe joins the River Ouse near Cawood. Thanks to its position on the banks of the River Wharfe parts of the town adjacent to the bridge are prone to flooding.

The town was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, but is now part of North Yorkshire. Tadcaster is twinned with Saint-Chély-d'Apcher in France.
Bickerton, Cheshire
Bickerton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Whitchurch in Shropshire. The parish also includes the small settlement of Gallantry Bank, with a total population of over 200. The two Bickerton Hills also lie partly within the civil parish.

Malpas, Cheshire
Malpas (/mælpəs/ MAL-pəs) is a market town and a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It lies near the borders with Shropshire and Wales, and had a population of 2,503 at the 2021 census.
Shadow Financial Secretary to the Treasury
In British politics, the shadow financial secretary to the Treasury (or colloquially Shadow Financial Secretary) is a shadow ministerial position of the Official Opposition that acts as the primary opposition to the equivalent position Financial Secretary to the Treasury, a government minister in HM Treasury. The position is currently held by Gareth Davies.

Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet, or His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition Shadow Cabinet, usually simply the Shadow Cabinet, is the committee of senior members of the Official Opposition who scrutinise the work of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. Each Shadow Cabinet member is typically given a position which corresponds to that of a government minister in Cabinet.
Square Dance Katy
Square Dance Katy is a 1950 American musical film directed by Jean Yarbrough and written by Warren Wilson. The film stars Barbara Jo Allen, Jimmie Davis, Phil Brito, Virginia Welles, Warren Douglas and Sheila Ryan. The film was released on March 25, 1950 by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Mississippi statistical areas
The U.S. State of Mississippi currently has 27 statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On February 21, 2026, the OMB delineated six combined statistical areas, four metropolitan statistical areas, and 18 micropolitan statistical areas in Mississippi. As of 2023, the most populous statistical area in the state is Jackson-Vicksburg-Brookhaven, MS CSA, comprising the metro area of its capital and largest city, Jackson.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
History of the Balkans
The Balkans, partly corresponding with the Balkan Peninsula, encompasses areas that may also be placed in Southeastern, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. The distinct identity and fragmentation of the Balkans owes much to its often turbulent history, with the region experiencing centuries of Ottoman conflict and conquest. The Balkan Peninsula is predominantly mountainous, featuring several mountain ranges such as the Dinaric Alps, the Pindus Mountains and the Balkan Mountains.

Christianization of Bulgaria
The Christianization of Bulgaria was the process by which 9th-century medieval Bulgaria converted to Christianity. It reflected the need of unity within the religiously divided Bulgarian state as well as the need for equal acceptance on the international stage in Christian Europe. This process was characterized by the shifting political alliances of Boris I of Bulgaria (ruled 852–889) with the kingdom of the East Franks and with the Byzantine Empire, as well as his diplomatic correspondence with the Pope.

Because of Bulgaria's strategic position, the churches of both Rome and Constantinople each wanted Bulgaria in their sphere of influence.  They regarded Christianization as a means of integrating Slavs into their region.  After some overtures to each side, the Khan adopted Christianity from Constantinople in 870. As a result, he achieved his goal of gaining an independent Bulgarian national church and having an archbishop appointed to head it.
Gary Kuo
Gary Kuo is an American composer and violinist. He has worked as a composer on Another Night (2003), As the World Turns and All My Children. He played the violin for the film The Glass Shield in 1994, and instructed on the violin for Mirror, Mirror 2: Raven Dance that same year.

Tom Spahn
Thomas G. Spahn (born July 30, 1955) is a three-time Emmy Award-winning composer, Synthesizer Programmer for the 1996 Grammy Award nominated album by Eartha Kitt, "Back in  Business", another Emmy Nomination in 2001 for Mastering Dizzy South America Tour, is an American musician  born in Park Forest, Illinois, and currently residing in New York City. Spahn is a longtime musical director and arranger and has worked with numerous musicians and composers on myriad projects, performances and recordings.
Leonore Tiefer
Leonore Tiefer (born February 5, 1944) is an American educator, researcher, therapist, and activist specializing in sexuality, and is a public critic of disease mongering as it applies to sexual life and problems.

SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
The SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (formerly The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn) is a public medical school in Brooklyn, New York City. The university includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies and School of Public Health.

It is one of seven medical schools located in New York City and the sole medical school in the borough of Brooklyn, serving its 2.6 million residents.
Butia arenicola
Butia arenicola is a very small species of Butia palm with an underground trunk; native to Paraguay and the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. Boquierinho is recorded as a possible local vernacular name for it (if the specimen was correctly identified).

Butia paraguayensis
Butia paraguayensis is a species of Butia palm tree found in the cerrado region of South America. Its natural range runs from Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo in southern Brazil through Paraguay to northern Argentina and Uruguay. It was given the name dwarf yatay palm in English by 2000, and it is locally known as yata'i in Guaraní in Paraguay, or butiá-do-cerrado in Portuguese in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Hawthorne Handicap
The Hawthorne Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually in May from 1974 thru 2008 at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California. The race was open to fillies and mares age three and older and regularly drew from the West Coast's top female runners.

The Hawthorne Handicap was raced on three different surfaces.

1973-1974: dirt

1976-1980: turf

1981-2006: dirt

2007-2008: all weather dirt composite track

Hollywood Park Racetrack
Hollywood Park was a thoroughbred race course located in Inglewood, California, about three miles (5 km) from Los Angeles International Airport and adjacent to the Forum indoor arena. In 1994, the original Hollywood Park Casino was added to the racetrack complex. Horse racing and training were shut down in December 2013 though the casino operations continued until the Hollywood Park Casino opened in October 2016.

The track was demolished in stages from 2014 until 2016 and the area is now the site of a master-planned neighborhood in development named Hollywood Park after the former track. The most prominent parts of the development are SoFi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), YouTube Theater, a 6,000-seat performance arts venue, Hollywood Park Casino, and the NFL Los Angeles building, which is home to the NFL Network, NFL RedZone, NFL.com, and the NFL app.
2020 World Club Challenge
The 2020 Betfred World Club Challenge was the 28th staging of the World Club Challenge. It featured Super League champions St Helens R.F.C., and NRL winners Sydney Roosters.

This was the third time these two teams had met in the World Club Challenge, with Sydney claiming a 25–2 victory in the inaugural World Club Challenge in 1976, and a 38–0 victory in 2003. Victory over St Helens means Sydney now have a record 5 titles, and become the only team to retain their title, as well as maintaining their 100% record in the World Club Challenge.

World Club Challenge
The World Club Challenge is an annual rugby league competition between the winners of the Australian National Rugby League and the British Super League, for the de facto club world championship of the sport.

Super League sides have won the competition 16 times with National Rugby League sides having 14 wins.

The first such match was played in 1976, although this was not an official competitive game. The first official World Club Challenge saw Widnes Vikings beat Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford on 4 October 1989, after which it became a semi-regular fixture, though was paused in the 1990s due to the Super League war. The competition has been held almost every year since 2000.

Sydney Roosters and Wigan Warriors have both won the competition 5 times, the joint highest in all formats since the competition began.

Hull KR are the most recent champions after winning the 2026 event, defeating the Brisbane Broncos 30–24 at the MKM Stadium.
Titanium(II) chloride
Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula TiCl2. The black solid has been studied only moderately, probably because of its high reactivity. Ti(II) is a strong reducing agent: it has a high affinity for oxygen and reacts irreversibly with water to produce H2. The usual preparation is the thermal disproportionation of TiCl3 at 500 °C. The reaction is driven by the loss of volatile TiCl4:

2 TiCl3 → TiCl2 + TiCl4

The method is similar to that for the conversion of VCl3 into VCl2 and VCl4.

TiCl2 crystallizes as the layered CdI2 structure. Thus, the Ti(II) centers are octahedrally coordinated to six chloride ligands.

Vanadium(III) chloride
Vanadium(III) chloride  describes the inorganic compound with the formula VCl3 and its hydrates. It forms a purple anhydrous form and a green hexahydrate [VCl2(H2O)4]Cl·2H2O. These hygroscopic salts are common precursors to other vanadium(III) complexes and is used as a mild reducing agent.
Rajper
Rajper, or Rajpar, (Sindhi: راڄپر) is a Sindhi Rajput tribe and subclan "nukh" of Samma Rajputs in Sindh, Pakistan. They are descendants of Jam Hothi son of Unar, Whereas in another tradition they are mentioned as descendants of Thebo son of Unar. Rajper literally means "Son of Raja (King)".

Rajpar community has over 70 sub castes in Sindh. Majority of Rajpar lives in Naushehro Feroz, Khairpur, Nawabshah, Sanghar, Sukkur and Larkana Districts of Sindh. Rajpar are mainly landlords, before the creation of Pakistan they collected taxes on the Sindhu Darya. Rajpar were among the supporters for Soomras to establish rule in Sindh. Current chief of Rajper tribe is Sardar Khalid Mian Khan Rajper, who is son of Ahmed Khan Rajper former headman of Rajper community.

Jam Unar I
Sultan Malik Feruzuddin Shah bin Banbhina (Sindhi: سلطان ملڪ فيروزالدين شاهه بن بابينو) better known as Jam Unar bin Banbhina or Feruz I (Sindhi: ڄام انڙ) was the first Sultan of Sindh. He belonged to the Samma dynasty, which ruled Sindh and parts of Punjab from 1351 to 1520.
Adrian Heath
Adrian Paul Heath (born 11 January 1961) is an English football manager and former player. He most recently served as head coach of Major League Soccer club Minnesota United until October 2023. As a player, he is best known for his six seasons at Everton, where he won two First Division titles and an FA Cup. As a manager, Heath initially worked in his native England before moving abroad to Orlando City, an expansion side in the American second division. Orlando City had the best start of any newly founded team in the history of American soccer, winning multiple honours before joining MLS in 2015.

Expansion team
An expansion team is a new team in a sports league, usually from a city that has not hosted a team in that league before, formed with the intention of satisfying the demand for a local team from a population in a new area. Sporting leagues also hope that the expansion of their competition will grow the popularity of the sport generally. The term is most commonly used in reference to the North American major professional sports leagues but is applied to sports leagues in other countries with a closed franchise system of league membership. The term refers to the expansion of the sport into new areas. The addition of an expansion team sometimes results in the payment of an expansion fee to the league by the new team and an expansion draft to populate the new roster.
Colaspis louisianae
Colaspis louisianae is a species of leaf beetle from North America. It is distributed in Texas and Louisiana in the United States. It is close in appearance to Colaspis brunnea.

According to Chapin (1979), C. louisianae is the most common species of the genus Colaspis in field crops in Louisiana.

Colaspis
Colaspis is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily, containing over 200 species, and it is known from both North and South America. A number of species from this genus are considered to be pests, such as the grape colaspis (Colaspis brunnea). Some species are known from the fossil record from the Eocene of Colorado in the United States.
Absolute Martian Manhunter
Absolute Martian Manhunter is a superhero psychological horror comic book maxiseries published by DC Comics, based on its character Martian Manhunter. The series is written by Deniz Camp and illustrated by Javier Rodríguez, and was released on March 26, 2025 as part of DC's Absolute Universe (AU) imprint. It is the fifth series from the imprint released in order, and is second in the second batch of Absolute titles, following Absolute Flash and continuing with Absolute Green Lantern.

Superhero comics
Superhero comics is one of the most common genres of American comic books. The genre rose to prominence in the 1930s and became extremely popular in the 1940s and has remained the dominant form of comic book in North America since the 1960s.  Superhero comics feature stories about superheroes and the universes these characters inhabit.

Beginning with the introduction of Superman in 1938 in Action Comics #1 (an anthology of adventure features) comic books devoted to superheroes (heroic people with extraordinary or superhuman abilities and skills, or god-like powers and attributes) ballooned into a widespread genre, coincident with the beginnings of World War II and the end of the Great Depression.
Three Oaks Senior High School
Three Oaks Senior High School (often abbreviated as TOSH) is a Canadian secondary school located in Summerside, Prince Edward Island for students from the eastern part of Prince County, including the City of Summerside.

The school is administratively part of the Public Schools Branch. Its official colours are Green and Gold and the mascot is an Axeman. The sports teams from TOSH are called the Three Oaks Axemen.

Charlottetown Rural High School
Charlottetown Rural High School (CRHS), known colloquially as "The Rural", is a Canadian secondary school in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Students who attend the school come from the north and east parts of Queens County, including the City of Charlottetown and the town of Stratford.

The school is administratively part of the Public Schools Branch on Prince Edward Island. Its official colors are red and white and the mascot is an osprey, also referred to as a Raider. The sports teams are called the Rural Raiders.
2006 California Attorney General election
The 2006 California Attorney General election occurred on November 7, 2006. The primary elections took place on June 6, 2006. Former and future Governor Jerry Brown, the Democratic nominee, easily defeated the Republican nominee, State Senator Chuck Poochigian, for the office previously held by Democrat Bill Lockyer, who was term-limited and ran for Treasurer.

2006 California State Treasurer election
The 2006 California State Treasurer election occurred on November 7, 2006. The primary elections took place on June 6, 2006. Attorney General Bill Lockyer, the Democratic nominee, easily defeated the Republican nominee, Board of Equalization member Claude Parrish, for the office previously held by Democrat Phil Angelides, who was term-limited and ran for governor.
Alpheus Gay House
The Alpheus Gay House is a historic house at 184 Myrtle Street in Manchester, New Hampshire. Built c. 1870 by Alpheus Gay, a local building contractor, it is one of the state's most elaborate Italianate houses. The house was owned for a time by the nearby Currier Gallery of Art, but is now in private hands. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Currier Museum of Art
The Currier Museum of Art is an art museum in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the United States. It features European and American paintings, decorative arts, photographs and sculpture. The permanent collection includes works by Picasso, Matisse, Monet, O'Keeffe, Calder, Scheier and Goldsmith, John Singer Sargent, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Andrew Wyeth. Public programs include tours, live classical music and "Family Days" which include activities for all ages.

The museum maintains two house museums, the Zimmerman House and the Toufic H. Kalil House, both designed by notable architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Sheffield, Illinois
Sheffield is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States.  The population was 821 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area.  Sheffield was founded by Joseph E. Sheffield and Henry Farnam in 1852.  Sheffield and Farnam constructed the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, and the town site was intended as a coaling station for trains.  According to Farnam, he and Sheffield flipped a coin to see for whom the town would be named. A monument to Joseph E. Sheffield, and the Rock Island Railroad stands today in Sheffield's town square.

Ottawa, Illinois
Ottawa is a city in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. It is located at the confluence of the navigable Fox River and Illinois River, the latter being a conduit for river barges and connects Lake Michigan at Chicago to the Mississippi River. The population was 18,840 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Ottawa, Illinois, micropolitan area.
Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria
Maria Maddalena of Austria (German: Maria Magdalena von Österreich, Italian: Maria Maddalena d'Austria; 7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany by her marriage to Cosimo II in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria. Born in Graz, Maria Magdalena was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her mother-in-law acted as regents from 1621 to 1628. She died on 1 November 1631 in Passau.

Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1551)
Maria Anna of Bavaria (German: Maria Anna von Bayern) (21 March 1551, Munich – 29 April 1608, Graz) was a politically active Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to her uncle Archduke Charles II of Austria. She played an important role in the Counter-Reformation in Austria.