hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maritime power
A maritime power (sometimes a naval power) is a nation with a very strong navy, which often is also a great power, or at least a regional power. A maritime power is able to easily control their coast, and exert influence upon both nearby and far countries. A nation that dominates the world navally is known as a maritime superpower.
Many countries that become maritime powers become strong to defend themselves from an extant threat, as the USSR did during the Cold War to defend itself from the United States Navy. In that scenario, it is common for the emerging maritime power to focus largely upon area denial tactics, rather than power projection.

Maritime powers are much more involved in global politics and trade than other powers.

Regional power
A regional power is a sovereign state that exercises significant power in international relations within its geographical region. States that wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess regional hegemony. The term 'regional power' has been used since the late 20th century.
Fionnay
Fionnay is a village in the Swiss Alps, located in the canton of Valais. The village is situated in the western part of the canton, in the valley of Bagnes, south-east of Martigny. It is part of the municipality of Val de Bagnes.

Fionnay lies at a height of 1,490 metres above sea level and is the last important settlement of the valley. The village is located at the foot of the Corbassière Glacier of the Grand Combin massif.

Corbassière Glacier
The Corbassière Glacier (French: Glacier de Corbassière) is a valley glacier in the Grand Combin massif in the Pennine Alps in southwestern Valais. It is 9.8 km (6.1 mi) long with an average width of slightly more than 1 km (0.62 mi) and covers an area of 17.4 km2 (6.7 sq mi).

The origin of Corbassière Glacier is on the northern slope of the Grand Combin at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) above sea level. The glacier tongue currently ends at around 2,300 m (7,500 ft) above sea level.

On the right side of the lower section of the glacier, the Cabane François-Xavier Bagnoud ([kaban fʁɑ̃swa ɡzavje baɲu]; 2645 m above sea level) belonging to the Swiss Alpine Club is a starting point for ascents and glacier tours in the Grand Combin massif.
Bible translations into the languages of China
The Bible has been translated into many of the languages of China besides Chinese. These include major minority languages with their own literary history, including Korean, Mongolian, Tibetan, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Russian and Uyghur. The other languages of China are mainly tribal languages, mainly spoken in Yunnan in Southwest China.

Central Tibetan
Central Tibetan language, also known as  or Ü-Tsang dialect, Dbus Tibetan, or Ü Tibetan, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.

Dbus is the Wylie spelling of the name in Tibetan script, དབུས་, whereas Ü is the pronunciation of the same in Lhasa dialect, [wy˧˥˧ʔ] (or [y˧˥˧ʔ]). All of these names are frequently applied specifically to the prestige dialect of Lhasa.
Drosera peruensis
Drosera peruensis is a carnivorous plant of the genus Drosera, commonly known as the  Peruvian sundew. This Drosera species was first identified in Peru in 2002 by Tânia Regina dos Santos Silva and Mireya D. Correa following work to update the genus Drosera for the reference text, Flora Neotropica. (Drosera species generally can be found in most continents, but the vast majority grow in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Southwestern Australia, Africa, and South America).

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Estadio Colombino
Estadio Colombino was a multi-use stadium in Huelva, Spain. It was initially used as the stadium for Recreativo de Huelva matches. It was replaced by Estadio Nuevo Colombino in 2001. The capacity of the stadium was 13,000 spectators.

Recreativo de Huelva
Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈkluβ rekɾeaˈtiβo ðe ˈwelβa]) is a Spanish football club based in Huelva, Andalucia, Spain. Founded on 18 December 1889, they are the oldest football club in Spain, and currently play in Segunda Federación – Group 4, holding home games at Estadio Nuevo Colombino, which has a 21,670 seating-capacity.

Team colours are white shirts with blue vertical stripes and white shorts.
Atrocity crimes in the Soviet–Afghan War
Atrocity crimes in the Soviet–Afghan War were systematically perpetrated on a large scale by the Soviet Union and its allies from 1979 to 1989, with several scholars and academics concluding that the Soviet military forces carried out a campaign of genocide against the Afghan people. The war resulted in the deaths of between 1,000,000 and 3,000,000 Afghans. Estimates of Afghan civilian deaths vary from 562,000 to 2,000,000. Human Rights Watch concluded that the Soviet Red Army and the Afghan Army perpetrated war crimes and crimes against humanity in Afghanistan, intentionally targeting civilians and civilian areas for attack, and killing and torturing prisoners. Several historians and scholars went further, stating that the Afghans were victims of genocide by the Soviet Union.

Paul R. Bartrop
Paul R. Bartrop (born November 3, 1955) is an Australian historian of the Holocaust and genocide. From August 2012 until December 2020 he was Professor of History and Director of the Center for Judaic, Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida. Between 2020 and 2021 he was an honorary Visiting Professorial Fellow at the University of New South Wales, Canberra (the Australian Defence Force Academy). In April 2021 he became Professor Emeritus of History at Florida Gulf Coast University, and in 2022 he became an honorary Principal Fellow in History at the University of Melbourne. During the academic year of 2011-2012 he was the Ida E. King Distinguished Visiting Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Richard Stockton College of New Jersey.
Centennial High School (Idaho)
Centennial High School is a four-year public secondary school in Boise, Idaho. Although located in Boise, it is part of the West Ada School District; at the time of its construction, CHS was in unincorporated Ada County. The West Ada district's second of six traditional high schools, Centennial opened in 1987 and serves neighborhoods in northwestern Boise and northeastern Meridian. The centennial of Idaho statehood was observed in 1990.

The school colors of Centennial are maroon and silver, and its mascot is a patriot.

Meridian, Idaho
Meridian is a city located in Ada County, Idaho, United States. The population was 117,635 at the 2020 census, making it the 2nd most populous city in the county and Idaho after Boise, the state capital. Meridian is considered the state's fastest-growing city and among the fastest-growing cities in the United States.
Mary Queen of Scots (2013 film)
Mary Queen of Scots is a 2013 Swiss period drama directed and co-written by Thomas Imbach. It is his first film in the English and French languages, starring the bilingual French actress Camille Rutherford. The film portrays the inner life of Mary, the Queen of Scotland. The film is based on the Austrian novelist Stefan Zweig's 1935 biography, Mary Stuart, a long-term bestseller in Germany and France but out of print in the UK and the US for decades until 2010. The film was first screened at the 2013 International Film Festival Locarno and was later shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.

David Rizzio
David Rizzio (/ˈrɪtsioʊ/ RIT-see-oh; Italian: Davide Rizzio [ˈdaːvide ˈrittsjo]; c. 1533 – 9 March 1566) or Riccio (/ˈrɪtʃioʊ/ RITCH-ee-oh, Italian: [ˈrittʃo]) was an Italian courtier and the private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary's husband, Lord Darnley, is said to have been jealous of their friendship because of rumours that Rizzio had impregnated Mary, and he joined in a conspiracy of Protestant nobles to murder him, led by Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven.  Mary was having dinner with Rizzio and a few ladies-in-waiting when Darnley joined them, accused his wife of adultery and then had a group murder Rizzio, who was hiding behind Mary. Mary was held at gunpoint and Rizzio was stabbed numerous times. His body took 57 dagger wounds. The murder was the catalyst of the downfall of Darnley, and had serious consequences for Mary's subsequent reign.
Roger Palmer (MP, born 1577)
Sir Roger Palmer KB (1577–1657) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1614 and 1644. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.

Palmer was the second son of Sir Thomas Palmer, 1st Baronet of Wingham, Kent and the elder brother of James Palmer, MP.

He was Cup bearer to Henry and Charles, Princes of Wales.  In 1614, 1624 and 1625 he was elected Member of Parliament for Queenborough.

He was knighted KB at the coronation of Charles I in February 1626 and was Master of the Household to King Charles from 1626 to 1632. He was re-elected MP for Queenborough in 1626 and 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

In November 1642, Palmer was elected Member of Parliament for Newton in the Long Parliament to replace Peter Legh, who was killed in a duel.  He supported the King and was disabled from sitting on 22 Jan 1644.

Peter Legh (died 1642)
Peter Legh (c.1622/23 – 2 February 1642) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and his death in 1642. He died after fighting a duel.

Legh of Lyme Hall, Cheshire, was the grandson of Sir Peter Legh, MP for Wigan in 1586 and 1589. His father, Piers, died while he was a child and he succeeded to his grandfather's estates on 17 February 1636. He was sent to a grammar school at Amersham, Buckinghamshire under Dr Robert Challenor and then to Oriel College, Oxford, which he entered on 25 January 1638/39 aged sixteen.

In November 1640, Legh, aged about seventeen, was elected member of parliament for Newton in the Long Parliament. On 27 January 1642 he attended a play and after a mistaken piece of horseplay was injured in a duel by Valentine Browne, a student of Gray's Inn and nephew of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, and died six days later at a lodging in Acton, Middlesex. He was buried at Winwick, Cheshire.
Orbit modeling
Orbit modeling is the process of creating mathematical models to simulate motion of a massive body as it moves in orbit around another massive body due to gravity. Other forces such as gravitational attraction from tertiary bodies, air resistance, solar pressure, or thrust from a propulsion system are typically modeled as secondary effects. Directly modeling an orbit can push the limits of machine precision due to the need to model small perturbations to very large orbits. Because of this, perturbation methods are often used to model the orbit in order to achieve better accuracy.

Position (geometry)
In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space. Its length represents the distance in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O, and its direction represents the angular orientation with respect to given reference axes. Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight line segment from O to P.
In other words, it is the displacement or translation that maps the origin to P:

The term position vector is used mostly in the fields of differential geometry, mechanics and occasionally vector calculus.
Frequently this is used in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, but can be easily generalized to Euclidean spaces and affine spaces of any dimension.
1964 Laotian coups
The 1964 Laotian coups were two attempted coup d'etats against the Royal Lao Government. The 18 April 1964 coup was notable for being committed by the policemen of the Directorate of National Coordination. Although successful, it was overturned five days later by U.S. Ambassador Leonard Unger. In its wake, Neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma forged a fragile coalition with the Pathet Lao communists. On 4 August 1964, Defense Minister Phoumi Nosavan attempted to take over Vientiane with a training battalion. This coup was quickly crushed by the local Royal Lao Army troops, as the police sat out the conflict.

The Pathet Lao left the coalition and repudiated Souvanna Phouma. Perforce he was driven to cooperate with the rightist Royalist politicians and military officers. None of the events affected the North Vietnamese usage of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to send troops into battle in South Vietnam.

Royal Lao Army
The Royal Lao Army (Lao: ກອງທັພພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ; French: Armée royale du Laos – ARL), also designated by its anglicized title RLA, was the land component of the Royal Lao Armed Forces (FAR), the official military of the Kingdom of Laos during the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Laotian Civil War between 1960 and 1975.
Ali Carter
Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won six ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.

European Masters (snooker)
The European Masters (officially the BetVictor European Masters) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that has been staged periodically since 1989 as the European Open. Between 2005 and 2008 it was known as the Malta Cup and was the sole ranking tournament in Europe outside the British Isles before being discontinued. The event was resurrected in its latest form from 2016 to 2023, when it was being discontinued again along with the wider European Series.
Jhalwara railway station
Jhalwara railway station is a railway station on Bilaspur–Katni line under Bilaspur railway division of South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Jhalwara in Katni district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Bilaspur railway division
Bilaspur railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters is located at Bilaspur in the state of Chhattisgarh of India.

Nagpur SEC railway division and Raipur railway division are the other two railway divisions under SECR Zone headquartered at Bilaspur.
1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Punjab in 1992 to elect the members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. Chief Minister Beant Singh was elected as the leader of the ruling party.

Beant Singh (politician)
Beant Singh (19 February 1922 – 31 August 1995) was an Indian politician and the 12th Chief Minister of Punjab from 1992 until his assassination by suicide bombing. He was a member of Indian National Congress.
Rivière à la Loutre (Anticosti Island)
The rivière à la Loutre is a water course flowing into Gulf of Saint Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the regional county municipality (MRC) of Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

Forest roads serve the valley of this river. Forestry is the main economic activity in this area; recreational tourism activities, second.

Minganie Regional County Municipality
Minganie (French pronunciation: [mɛ̃ɡani]) is a regional county municipality on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. Its territory includes Anticosti Island.
Sorbolo Mezzani
Sorbolo Mezzani is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. It was established on 1 January 2019 with the merger of the municipalities of Sorbolo and Mezzani.

Sorbolo
Sorbolo (Parmigiano: Sòrbol; locally Sòrbel) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Parma.

Sorbolo borders the following municipalities: Brescello, Gattatico, Mezzani, Parma.
Edwin Bryant (alcalde)
Edwin Bryant (August 21, 1805 – December 16, 1869) was a Kentucky newspaper editor whose popular 1848 book What I Saw in California describes his overland journey to California, his account of the infamous Donner Party, and his term as second alcalde, or pre-statehood mayor, of the city of San Francisco.

Courier Journal
The Courier Journal, also known as the Louisville Courier Journal (and informally The C-J or The Courier), and called The Courier-Journal between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in Louisville, Kentucky, and owned by USA Today Co., which bills it as "Part of the USA Today Network".

It is the newspaper with the highest number of recorded circulation in Kentucky. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the United States.
RTK 4
RTK 4 (English: Radio Television of Kosovo 4, Albanian: Radio Televizioni i Kosovës 4) is the fourth public television channel of Kosovo. RTK 4 is part of the Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK), a public service broadcaster, along with the other public channels, RTK 1, RTK 2, and RTK 3. Its primary programming is documentaries, films, and locally-produced series.

RTK 2
RTK 2 (English: Radio Television of Kosovo 2, Serbian: Радио Телевизија Косова 2 / Radio Televizija Kosova 2, Albanian: Radio Televizioni i Kosovës 2) is the second public television channel of Kosovo, providing news and shows.

As part of the Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK), a public service broadcaster, RTK 2 produces and airs newscasts, sports updates and talk shows of interest for Kosovo's largest minorities, and also airs in all the territory of Kosovo. As it is called the "minority channel", RTK 2 broadcasts programs for all the minorities of Kosovo; mostly programs in Serbian, as well as programs in the other minority languages, Bosnian, Turkish, and Romani.
Timeline of Earth
This timeline of Earth's history summarizes significant geological and biological events from the formation of the Earth to the arrival of modern humans. Times are listed in millions of years, or megaanni (Ma).

Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the  Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States.
Lincoln Premiere
The Lincoln Premiere is a luxury car model that was sold by Lincoln in the 1956 to 1960 model years. Positioned below the company's Continental Mark II coupe during 1956–1957 and above the Capri which it shared from 1956 to 1959, it was produced in 2 and 4 door versions which could both accommodate up to six people.

The Premiere was for a short time the largest, top level 4-door sedan Lincoln offered against rivals from Cadillac, Imperial and Packard during the mid-1950s while not being available as an extended length limousine.

For 1958, the Premiere shared its chassis and mechanicals with the  Continental Mark III–V sedans, until it was replaced with the 1961 Continental sedan.

The Premiere name has been currently revived as a trim level on Lincoln models.

Imperial (automobile)
Imperial was the Chrysler Corporation's luxury automobile brand from 1955 until 1975 and again from 1981 through 1983.

The Imperial name had been used since 1926 as a Chrysler luxury model, the Chrysler Imperial. In 1955, the automaker repositioned and re-launched the Imperial as a separate make and division to better compete with its North American rivals, Lincoln and Cadillac.

The Imperial would feature new or modified body styles introduced every two to three years, all with V8 engines and automatic transmissions, as well as technologies that would later be introduced in Chrysler Corporation's other models.
Mount Leura
Mount Leura is a 313-metre scoria cone surrounding a dry crater 100 m deep and is the central and most obvious component of a larger volcanic complex southeast of the town of Camperdown located in western Victoria, Australia, 194 kilometres (121 mi) south west of the state capital, Melbourne. The inactive volcano is thought to have last erupted between 5,000 and 20,000 years ago. The name means "big nose" in the local Aboriginal dialect.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
CAIG Wing Loong
The Chengdu GJ-1, also known as Wing Loong 1, is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in the People's Republic of China. Intended for use as a surveillance and aerial reconnaissance platform, the Pterodactyl I is capable of being fitted with air-to-surface weapons for use in an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) role.

Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV
A medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle flies at an altitude window of 10,000 to 30,000 feet (3,000–9,000 m) for extended durations of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. This list includes both unmanned combat aerial vehicle and unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle.
Japanese pop culture in the United States
There is significant awareness of Japanese popular culture in the United States. The flow of Japanese animation, fashion, films, manga comics, martial arts, television shows and video games to the United States has increased American awareness of Japanese pop culture, which has had a significant influence on American pop culture, including sequential media and entertainment into the 21st century.

Ninjas in popular culture
In the history of Japan, ninja (also known as shinobi) operated as spies, assassins, or thieves; they formed their own caste outside the usual feudal social categories such as lords, samurai, and serfs. Ninja often appear as stock characters in Japanese and global popular culture.