hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The England of Elizabeth
The England of Elizabeth (also known as England under Elizabeth) is a 1957 Technicolor documentary short film about the Elizabethan age, directed by John Taylor for British Transport Films. The script was by Gloucestershire novelist John Moore.

British Transport Films
British Transport Films was an organisation set up in 1949 to make documentary films on the general subject of British transport.  Its work included internal training films, travelogues (extolling the virtues of places that could be visited via the British transport system – mostly by rail), and "industrial films" (as they were called) promoting the progress of Britain's railway network.

It was headed by Edgar Anstey until 1974, and from then until its demise by John W. Shepherd. Initially, it made films mostly for the British Transport Commission, but after that organisation was broken up in 1963 the majority of its films were for the British Railways Board. However it also made films for London Transport, the British Waterways Board, the travel company Thomas Cook & Son and the coach company Thomas Tilling.
Gmina Skępe
Gmina Skępe is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Skępe, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Lipno and 53 km (33 mi) east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 179.23 square kilometres (69.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,503 (out of which the population of Skępe amounts to 3,442, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,061).

Lipno, Lipno County
Lipno (Polish pronunciation: [ˈlʲipnɔ]) is a town in central Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Toruń.  It is the administrative seat of Lipno County and of Gmina Lipno. Its population is 14,791 (2010).
John Estrete
John Estrete, or Strete (died after 1511) was an Irish judge, author, law lecturer and statesman of the late fifteenth century. He held the offices of King's Serjeant, Deputy Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, and Master of the Coinage of Ireland. He was a member of the Privy Council of Ireland. He wrote at least one legal textbook, Natura Brevium.

He was a supporter of Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, who was almost all-powerful in Ireland for many years and was prepared to defy the English Crown on occasion. Despite his close connection to Kildare, Estrete in time gained the confidence of the English Crown, and acted as an intermediary between the Crown and Kildare, notably during the rebellion of Lambert Simnel in 1487.

Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare
Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare (born c. 1456 – c. 3 September 1513), known variously as "Garret the Great" (Gearóid Mór) or "The Great Earl" (An tIarla Mór), was Ireland's premier peer. He served as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1477 to 1494, and from 1496 until his death in 1513.
Maplewood Cemetery (Elkins, West Virginia)
Maplewood Cemetery is a historic burial ground located in Elkins, West Virginia. It is recognized as a significant cultural landmark and is the final resting place of several notable figures who played a vital role in the founding and development of the city.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.

Stephen B. Elkins
Stephen Benton Elkins (September 26, 1841 – January 4, 1911) was an American industrialist and politician. He served as the secretary of war between 1891 and 1893. He served in the United States Congress as a delegate from the Territory of New Mexico and a senator from West Virginia.
2014 Kazan Kremlin Cup
The 2014 Kazan Kremlin Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kazan, Russia between 10 and 16 March 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Gordon Gunter
Gordon Pennington Gunter (August 18, 1909 – December 19, 1998) was an American marine biologist and fisheries scientist. He is noted for his pioneering study of fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a topic to which he devoted his entire professional life over a career spanning 60 years. His own research, and that of the scientists under his direction, established an understanding of the ecology, comparative physiology of the plant and animal life, and commercial fisheries of the region, and he coined the phrase "fertile fisheries crescent" to refer to Mississippi Sound and adjacent waters along the United States Gulf Coast. He also pioneered the study of the comparative physiology of shellfish and fish.

Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters, are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.

Some species of oyster are commonly consumed and are regarded as a delicacy in some localities. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Others, such as the translucent windowpane oysters, are harvested for their shells.
Juan de Cárcer
Juan de Cárcer y Disdier (1892 in Málaga – October 1962 in Madrid) was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper and was also a referee, and manager. As a player, he represented both Madrid FC (Now Real Madrid) and Athletic Madrid (Now Atlético Madrid), and as a manager, he coached Real Madrid for six years from 1920 to 1926, but failed to win any trophies.

Campeonato Regional Centro
The Campeonato Regional Centro (Spanish for Central Regional Championship) was an annual association football competition for clubs based primarily in the Castile region of Spain, including the Community of Madrid, during the first half of the 20th century. The competition was organised by the  Madrid Football Federation and first held in 1903 as the Campeonato de Madrid (Madrid Championship) and renamed as the Campeonato Regional de Madrid (Madrid Regional Championship) for the 1906–1913 seasons. The Royal Spanish Football Federation, founded on 29 September 1913, began organising the competition from 1913. It was called the Campeonato Regional Centro between 1913 and 1931, the Campeonato Regional Mancomunado (Joint Championship) from 1932 to 1936, and the Campeonato Regional del Centro (Regional Championship of the Centre) during its final season in 1939–40.
Ketton
Ketton is a village and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England. It is about 8 miles (13 km) east of Oakham and 3 miles (5 km) west of Stamford, Lincolnshire. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 1,926, making it the fourth largest settlement in Rutland, after Oakham, Uppingham and Cottesmore. The village has a primary school.

Ketton gave its name to the Ketton Rural District of Rutland which existed from 1894 to 1974. Ketton ward, which includes the parishes of Barrowden, Tinwell and Tixover, is represented by two councillors on Rutland County Council.

Oakham
Oakham is a market town and civil parish in Rutland (of which it is the county town) in the East Midlands of England. The town is located 25 miles (40 kilometres) east of Leicester, 28 miles (45 km) southeast of Nottingham and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Peterborough. It had a population of 12,149 in the 2021 census. Oakham is to the west of Rutland Water and in the Vale of Catmose. Its height above sea level ranges from 325 to 400 ft (100 to 120 m).
Relief Society Documents Project
The Relief Society Documents Project is a project by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to publish historical documents regarding the history of the church's organization for women, the Relief Society.

In February 2016, the book The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women's History was published by Church Historian's Press, an imprint of the Church History Department of the LDS Church.

Relief Society
The Relief Society is a philanthropic and educational women's organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It was founded in 1842 in Nauvoo, Illinois, United States, and has more than 7 million members in over 188 countries and territories. The Relief Society is often referred to by the church and others as "one of the oldest and largest women's organizations in the world."
Hindu, Jain and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan
The Hindu, Buddhist and Jain architectural heritage of Pakistan is part of a long history of settlement and civilization in Pakistan. The Indus Valley civilization collapsed in the middle of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, which extended over much of northern India and Pakistan.

Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau (Punjabi: پوٹھوہار پَٹھوار, romanized: Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhwār; Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار, romanized: Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār), also known as the Northern Punjab Plateau, is a plateau within the Sagar Doab of north-western Punjab in Pakistan. It is located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
Lateranus (cognomen)
Lateranus is an ancient Roman cognomen. Notable people with this cognomen include:

Plautius Lateranus (executed AD 65), Roman senator

Lucius Sextius Lateranus, Roman tribune of the plebs

Titus Sextius Lateranus, Roman senator

Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus (consul 94), Roman senator

Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus (consul 197), Roman senator

Cognomen
A cognomen (Latin: [kɔŋˈnoːmɛn]; pl.: cognomina; from co- "together with" and (g)nomen "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary cognomina were used to augment the second name, the nomen gentilicium (the family name, or clan name), in order to identify a particular branch within a family or family within a clan. The term has also taken on other contemporary meanings.
Pablo Aurrecochea
Pablo Fernando Aurrecochea Medina (born March 3, 1981) is an Uruguayan former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was known for wearing kits adorned with cartoon characters such as Tom and Jerry, Krusty the Clown, The Incredible Hulk, Batman, He-Man, El Chapulín Colorado and others.

APF División de Honor
The División de Honor or División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank, is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in the first division.

The most successful club is Olimpia, with 47 championships. Cerro Porteño are the most recent champions, having won the 2025 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America.
New York State Ornithological Association
The New York State Ornithological Association (NYSOA), established in 1948, is New York's ornithological society. Its objectives are to "document the ornithology of New York State; to foster interest in and appreciation of birds; and to protect birds and their habitats." The NYSOA contains 44 bird clubs, Audubon Societies, and nature organizations, and it endorses the Code of Birding Ethics developed by the American Birding Association. Its current president is Anne Swaim. Historical archives are available online at the Cornell University Library. The NYSOA publishes The Kingbird, a quarterly journal of ornithology.

American Birding Association
The American Birding Association (ABA) is a nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, dedicated to recreational birding in Canada and the United States. It has been called "the standard-bearer for serious birding in North America." Originally concentrated on finding, listing, and identifying rare birds, the ABA now seeks to serve all birders with a wide range of services and publications.
Bruce Davidson (photographer)
Bruce Landon Davidson (born September 5, 1933) is an American photographer, who has been a member of the Magnum Photos agency since 1958. His photographs, notably those taken in Harlem, New York City, have been widely exhibited and published. He is known for photographing communities that are usually hostile to outsiders.

Aperture Foundation
Aperture Foundation is a nonprofit arts institution, founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams, Minor White, Barbara Morgan, Dorothea Lange, Nancy Newhall, Beaumont Newhall, Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum for fine art photography, a new concept at the time. The first issue of the magazine Aperture was published in spring 1952 in San Francisco.

In January 2011, Chris Boot joined the organization as its director. Boot has previously been an independent photobook publisher and worked with Magnum Photos and Phaidon Press. Sarah Meister, curator of photography at the Museum of Modern Art from 2009 to 2020, was named as Boot's replacement in the Executive Director position in January 2021, starting in May 2021.
Franklin-6 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Franklin-6 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one- or two-member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Franklin-6 District includes all of the Franklin County towns of Berkshire, Franklin, Highgate, and Richford.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two-member Franklin-6 District had a population of 8,374 in that same census, 3.15% above the state average.

Richford, Vermont
Richford is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States, located along the Canada–United States border. The population was 2,346 at the 2020 census.

Richford is the birthplace of R. G. LeTourneau, an industrialist who founded LeTourneau University in Longview, Texas.

Richford is the eastern terminus of the Missisquoi Valley Rail-Trail.
Listed buildings in Whicham
Whicham is a civil parish in the Cumberland district, Cumbria, England.  It contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages or hamlets of Silecroft, Kirksanton, Whicham and Whitbeck and is otherwise rural.  The listed buildings comprise houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, two churches, a former brewery, a former mill, and a limekiln.

Silecroft
The village of Silecroft in Cumbria, England, is in the parish of Whicham. It is situated between the towns of Millom and Bootle, and also neighbours the towns/villages of Haverigg, Kirksanton and Whitbeck.

The village is located just within the Lake District National Park.

Travelling by road, Silecroft is 3.7 miles (6.0 km) to the north of Millom, 23.7 miles (38.1 km) to the north of Barrow in Furness,  and 29.2 miles (47.0 km) to the south of Whitehaven.
Jenno Topping
Jenno Topping is an American film producer. Films she has produced include  Dr. Dolittle (1998), Charlie's Angels (2000), St. Vincent (2014), Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016) and Hidden Figures (2016), which earned her an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination with Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Pharrell Williams, and Theodore Melfi, and again in 2020 at the 92nd Academy Awards for the 2019 film Ford v Ferrari, along with Chernin and James Mangold.

Peter Chernin
Peter Chernin (born May 29, 1951) is an American film and television producer, businessman and investor. He is the chairman and CEO of The Chernin Group (TCG), which he founded in 2010. TCG manages, operates and invests in businesses in the media, entertainment, and technology sectors.
Valencian Nationalist Bloc
The Valencian Nationalist Bloc (Valencian: Bloc Nacionalista Valencià, Bloc or BNV; IPA: [ˈblɔɡ nasionaˈlista valensiˈa]) was a Valencian nationalist party in the Valencian Country, Spain. It was the largest party in the Coalició Compromís until 2021, when it was replaced in a refoundation process by Més–Compromís.

Corts Valencianes
The Corts Valencianes (Valencian pronunciation: [ˈkoɾ(d)z valensiˈanes]), commonly known as Les Corts ([les ˈkoɾ(t)s]), are the main legislative body of the Generalitat Valenciana and therefore of the Valencian Community. The main location of the Corts is in the Palace of the Borgias in Valencia. However it can meet at any location in the Valencian lands. The Corts has its origins in bodies established in the thirteenth century by King James I of Aragon. The modern institution was established in 1982 under the Valencian statute of autonomy of 1982. The current Corts were elected in 2023.
Brandon Thomas-Asante
Solomon Brandon Michael Clarke Thomas-Asante (born 29 December 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre forward for EFL Championship club Coventry City. Born in England, he plays for the Ghana national team.

Thomas-Asante began his career with Milton Keynes Dons, where he made his professional debut aged in 2016 aged 17. After spells on loan with Sutton United and Oxford City, he left Milton Keynes in 2019, spending a short spell at Ebbsfleet United before signing for Salford City. While at Salford, he won his first trophy, the 2019–20 EFL Trophy.

2025 Unity Cup
The 2025 Unity Cup was the 3rd edition of the Unity Cup, an international football tournament, and it was held in May 2025 at the Brentford Community Stadium, London. Ghana, Jamaica, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago are the competing sides, and the competitors are countries with large diasporas in London.

Nigeria are the defending champions.
Cymbal pack
A cymbal pack is a set of cymbals sold together for use in a drum kit.

Cymbal packs are all to some degree matched, but the level of this matching varies from simply being of compatible models to the individual cymbals having been hand selected to blend well.

There are three common configurations:

The most common pack is a starter pack consisting of four cymbals: A 20" ride, a 16" crash and a pair of 14" hi-hats. A second crash or a 10" splash is sometimes added as a promotional bonus.

Less common is a three cymbal starter pack consisting of an 18" crash/ride or 16" crash plus a pair of 13" or 14" hi-hats. This may be a more suitable starter pack for a three- or even four-piece kit.

Some makers produce extension packs to add two effects cymbals to a starter pack, most commonly a 10" splash and an 18" china, or less commonly a second crash cymbal plus one effects cymbal.

Splash cymbal
In a drum kit, splash cymbals are the smallest accent cymbals, often a smaller derivative of the more common crash cymbals. Splash cymbals and china cymbals are the main types of effects cymbals.

The most common sized splash has a diameter of 8", followed by 10". Most splash cymbals are in the size range of 6" to 13", but some splash cymbals are as small as 4". Splash cymbals larger than 10" are most often similar to hi-hats in sound characteristics.

Some makers have produced cymbals described as splash up to 22", but a splash of 14" or more is more often described as a crash cymbal.

Splash cymbals include:

Traditional splash cymbals, medium in weight with little or no taper.

Rock splash cymbals, heavy but often with a slight taper.

China splash cymbals.

Salsa splash cymbals.

Thin splash cymbals.

Bell cymbals.

Specialised stack cymbals.
Parallelizable manifold
In mathematics, a differentiable manifold  of dimension n is called parallelizable if there exist smooth vector fields

on the manifold, such that at every point  of  the tangent vectors

provide a basis of the tangent space at .  Equivalently, the tangent bundle is a trivial bundle, so that the associated principal bundle of linear frames has a global section on

A particular choice of such a basis of vector fields on  is called a parallelization (or an absolute parallelism) of .

John Milnor
John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and the only mathematician to have won the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize, the Abel Prize and all three Steele prizes.
Phyllanthus acidus
Phyllanthus acidus, known as the Otaheite gooseberry, Malay gooseberry, Tahitian gooseberry, country gooseberry, star gooseberry, starberry, arbari, West India gooseberry, Grosella,  or simply gooseberry tree, is one of the trees with small edible yellow berries in the family Phyllanthaceae. Despite its name, the plant does not resemble the gooseberry, except for the acidity of its fruits.

Gooseberry
Gooseberry (/ˈɡuːsbɛri/ GOOSS-berr-ee or /ˈɡuːzbɛri/ GOOZ-berr-ee (American and northern British) or /ˈɡʊzbəri/ GUUZ-bər-ee (southern British)) is a common name for many species of Ribes (which also includes currants), as well as a large number of plants of similar appearance, and also several unrelated plants (see List of gooseberries). The berries of those in the genus Ribes (sometimes placed in the genus Grossularia) are edible and may be green, orange, red, purple, yellow, white, or black.
Nib (pen)
A nib is the part of a quill, dip pen, fountain pen, ball point, or stylus which comes into contact with the writing surface in order to deposit ink. Different types of nibs vary in their purpose, shape and size, as well as the material from which they are made.

Ballpoint pen
A ballpoint pen, also known as a biro (British English), ball pen (Bangladeshi, Hong Kong, Indian, Indonesian, Pakistani, Japanese and Philippine English), or dot pen (Nepali English and South Asian English), is a pen that dispenses ink (usually in paste form) over a hard ball at its point, i.e., over a "ball point". The materials commonly used are steel, brass, or tungsten carbide. The design was conceived and developed as a cleaner and more reliable alternative to dip pens and fountain pens, and it is now the world's most-used writing instrument; millions are manufactured and sold daily. It has influenced art and graphic design and spawned an artwork genre.
Geophis
Geophis is a genus of snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae of the superfamily Colubroidea. Species in the genus Geophis are commonly referred to as Latin American earth snakes (Spanish: culebra minera or culebra minadora). The genus consists of 53 distinct species.

Johann Georg Wagler
Johann Georg Wagler (28 March 1800 – 23 August 1832) was a German herpetologist and ornithologist.

Wagler was assistant to Johann Baptist von Spix, and gave lectures in zoology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich after it was moved to Munich. He worked on the extensive collections brought back from Brazil by Spix, and published partly together with him books on reptiles from Brazil. Wagler wrote Monographia Psittacorum (1832), which included the correct naming of the blue macaws.

In 1832, Wagler died of an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound while out collecting in München-Moosach.