hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vermont Route 140
Vermont Route 140 (VT 140) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. The highway runs 25.059 miles (40.329 km) from VT 30 in Poultney east to VT 103 in Mount Holly. VT 140 connects the southern Rutland County towns of Poultney, Middletown Springs, Tinmouth, Wallingford, and Mount Holly.

Vermont Route 30
Vermont Route 30 (VT 30) is a 111.870-mile-long (180.037 km) north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. VT 30 runs from U.S. Route 5 (US 5) and VT 9 in Brattleboro to US 7 and VT 125 in Middlebury. The northern portion, from Poultney to Middlebury, was part of the New England road marking system's Route 30, from which VT 30 got its number. The route passes through many historic small towns, and travel writers such as those at Southern Vermont have described the route as "idyllic" and "picturesque".
Radio Gradačac
Radio Gradačac is a Bosnian local public radio station, broadcasting from Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It was launched on 6 April 1965 by the municipal council of Gradačac. In Yugoslavia and in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was part of local/municipal Radio Sarajevo network affiliate.

This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as local news, music, sport and talk shows. The programs are mainly produced in Bosnian language.

Estimated number of potential listeners of Radio Gradačac is around 138,619. The radio station is also available in municipalities of Bosanska Posavina, Zenica-Doboj Canton, Brčko District and in neighboring Croatia.

Radio Gradačac is also available via IPTV platform Moja TV on channel 290.

Radio Sarajevo
Radio Sarajevo is a radio station and magazine that began airing 10 April 1945, four days after the liberation of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina near the end of World War II. It was Bosnia and Herzegovina's first radio station. The first words spoken by announcer Đorđe Lukić were "This is Radio Sarajevo... Death to fascism, freedom to the people!"

Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.
Branch and price
In applied mathematics, branch and price is a method of combinatorial optimization for solving integer linear programming (ILP)  and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems with many variables. The method is a hybrid of branch and bound and column generation methods.

Integer programming
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.

Integer programming is NP-complete (the difficult part is showing the NP membership). In particular, the special case of 0–1 integer linear programming, in which unknowns are binary, and only the restrictions must be satisfied, is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.

If some decision variables are not discrete, the problem is known as a mixed-integer programming problem.
Raffelstetten customs regulations
Raffelstetten customs regulations (Latin: Inquisitio de theloneis Raffelstettensis, literally: "Inquiry of the Raffelstetten Tolls") is a rare example of a legal regulation of customs in Early Medieval Europe, the text of which has been preserved until modern times. The regulation is only known from a single copy, a manuscript dated to the 1250s, which was preserved in a church at Passau. The critical edition of the manuscript was published in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in 1897 by Alfred Boretius and Victor Krause. The incipit reads: "Noverit omnium fidelium orthodoxorum...".

Res mancipi
Res mancipi was one of the categories of property in Roman law. The other was res nec mancipi.

Romans viewed res mancipi as that property of particular importance to them, at least in early Rome. Gaius (Institutes 2.14a - 2.22) explains the difference between the two categories of property by giving example of what constitutes res mancipi and res nec mancipi. He tells us that lands and houses on Italic soil, beasts of burden, slaves, and rustic and praedial servitudes are all res mancipi. Gaius goes on to say that res mancipi may only be conveyed formally, that is either by the mancipatio ceremony, or in iure cessio.

The distinction between res mancipi and res nec mancipi was formally abolished by Justinian in Corpus Juris Civilis.
Uniforms of the Union army
The military uniforms of the Union Army in the American Civil War were widely varied and, due to limitations on supply of wool and other materials, based on availability and cost of materials. The ideal uniform was prescribed as a dark blue coat with lighter pants, with a black hat. Officer's ranks were denoted with increasing levels of golden decoration. Specific jobs, companies, and units had markedly different styles at times, often following European customs such as that of the Zouaves. Officers' uniforms tended to be highly customized and would stray from Army standard. Ironically, several main pieces of gear had been created by order of the United States Secretary of War Jefferson Davis before the war; he later became Confederate President.

Sash
A sash is a large and usually colorful ribbon or band of material worn around the human body, either draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip and back up, or else encircling the waist. The sash around the waist may be worn in daily attire, but the sash from shoulder to hip is typically only worn on ceremonial occasions. Ceremonial sashes are also found in a V-shaped format, draping straight from both shoulders down, intersecting and forming an angle over the chest or abdomen.
CU Coventry
CU Coventry is a subsidiary of Coventry University. It has been in operation since 2012, and was formerly known as Coventry University College. Its campus is located in the city of Coventry, England.

It is part of CU, a network of three higher education campuses, comprising CU Coventry, CU London and CU Scarborough, all part of the Coventry University Group.

CU London
CU London is a higher education institute owned and governed by Coventry University. CU London began offering courses to students in September 2017. It currently operates out of two sites, one in the former Dagenham Civic Centre in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and another in the Mitre Passage building in the Greenwich Peninsula. It includes Coventry University's second and third campuses in the capital alongside Coventry University London.
Bhagwanpur Assembly constituency
Bhagwanpur Legislative Assembly constituency (SC) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India. It includes Bhagwanpur area of Haridwar District.

Bhagwanpur Legislative Assembly constituency (SC) is a part of Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency).

Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
The Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly, also known as the Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha (formerly the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly), is a unicameral governing and law making body of Uttarakhand, one of the 28 states of India. It is seated at Dehradun, the winter capital, and Gairsain, the summer capital of Uttarakhand. The total strength of the assembly is 71 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).

As of March 2022, Pushkar Singh Dhami is the current Chief Minister of Uttarakhand and Leader of the House in the 5th Vidhan Sabha. The Speaker of the Assembly is Ritu Khanduri Bhushan. Gurmit Singh is the current Governor of Uttarakhand.
Cephalotes depressus
Cephalotes depressus is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Phoneutria reidyi
Phoneutria reidyi is a species of venomous spiders in the family Ctenidae, found in South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil and Guyana).

This species is characterized by a double dark dorsal band on the palp, white spots in the abdominal dorsal pattern, the female anterior legs ventrally have a yellow femur, while in males it is very dark. Like other Phoneutria, P. reidyi is venomous and should be treated with caution, its venom has a median lethal dose of 0.11 mg / kg.

Wandering spider
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.

They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
East Riding Royal Garrison Artillery
The East Riding Royal Garrison Artillery (ERRGA) was a part-time unit of Britain's Royal Artillery based at Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire. It provided coastal defence artillery for the Humber Estuary from 1908 to 1956, manned siege batteries on the Western Front during World War I at the Somme and Ypres and played a role in the pursuit of the German army during the Hundred Days Offensive. It served as infantry in Allied-occupied Germany after World War II. Its successor units in the Territorial Army included anti-aircraft artillery and field engineers.

BL 8-inch howitzer Mk I–V
The BL 8-inch howitzer Mark I through to Mark V (1 to 5) were a British improvisation developed early in the First World War to provide heavy artillery. It used shortened and bored-out barrels from various redundant naval 6-inch guns.

It bore no relation to the later 8-inch howitzer of the First World War, the Vickers 8-inch Mark VI to VIII howitzers which succeeded it.
Anatoly Dernovoi
Anatoly Grigorievich Dernovoi (Russian: Анатолий Григорьевич Дерновой; born 26 August 1951) was a Kazakhstani politician who served as a Minister of Healthcare in the Government of Kazakhstan.

Minister Dernovoi's predecessor, Erbolat Dosaev, was fired amid a scandal over the accidental infection of 76 children, six of whom died, with HIV. Dernovoi announced in a government meeting that eight of the children's mothers were also infected accidentally.

Erbolat Dosaev
Erbolat Asqarbekūly Dossaev (er-boh-LAHT doh-SAH-yev, Kazakh: Ерболат Асқарбекұлы Досаев, Kazakh pronunciation: [jerbɔɫɑt ɑsqaɾbʲeko̙ɫɯ dɔsɑjəf]; born 21 May 1970) is a Kazakh politician who served as äkım of Almaty from 2022 to 2025. Prior to that, he was a National Bank of Kazakhstan chairman from 25 February 2019 and served as a Deputy Prime Minister from 29 August 2017 to 25 February 2019. He served as the Minister of Finance from 16 June 2003 to 5 April 2005, headed the Agency for Regulating Natural Monopolies, and later as the Health Minister from 5 April 2004 to 20 September 2006. In January 2013, Dossaev was appointed head of a reorganized Minister of National Economy.
Crystal, Gunnison County, Colorado
Crystal (also known as Crystal City) is a ghost town on the upper Crystal River in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. It is located in the Elk Mountains along a four-wheel-drive road 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Marble and 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Crested Butte. Crystal was a mining camp established in 1881 and after several decades of robust existence, was all but abandoned by 1917. Many buildings still stand in Crystal, but its few residents live there only in the summer.

Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness
The Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area located in the Elk Mountains of central Colorado.  The 181,535-acre (734.65 km2) wilderness was established in 1980 in the Gunnison and White River national forests. Within its boundaries are 100 miles (160 km) of trails, seven of Colorado's fourteeners and nine passes over 12,000 feet (3,700 m). The wilderness is named after the two peaks known as the Maroon Bells, and the Snowmass Mountain.
2026 California elections
The 2026 California elections will take place on November 3, 2026. The statewide direct primary election will be held on June 2.

California voters will elect all of California's seats to the United States House of Representatives, all of the seats of the California State Assembly, all even-numbered seats of the California State Senate, and the Governor of California and various statewide offices.

Pursuant to Proposition 14 passed in 2010, California uses a nonpartisan blanket primary for its races. All the candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once during the primary. The candidates receiving the most and second-most votes in the primary election then become the contestants in the general election.

2026 California State Treasurer election
The 2026 California State Treasurer election will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the state treasurer of California. Incumbent Democratic treasurer Fiona Ma is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office; she is instead running for lieutenant governor. Candidates must declare by March 6, with primaries to be held on June 2.
Miss Indonesia 2013
Miss Indonesia 2013 was the ninth edition of the Miss Indonesia beauty pageant, held on February 20, 2013 at Jakarta International Expo, Jakarta. The winner of Miss Indonesia 2013 will represent Indonesia in Miss World 2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The current titleholder of Miss World, Wenxia Yu attended the awarding night, when Ines Putri of Bali crowned her successor.

Miss Indonesia
Miss Indonesia is a national beauty pageant in Indonesia, organized by MNC Group under Miss Indonesia Organization, chaired by Liliana Tanoesoedibjo and sponsored by Sariayu Martha Tilaar. The winner of Miss Indonesia represents the country in Miss World pageant, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants and participates in various social actions in cooperation with Yayasan Jalinan Kasih, MNC Peduli and Miss World Organization program, Beauty with a Purpose.

The current Miss Indonesia is Audrey Bianca Callista of Jakarta SCR who was crowned by Monica Kezia Sembiring of North Sumatra on July 9, 2025. She will represent Indonesia at Miss World 2026.
Letter to a Christian Nation
Letter to a Christian Nation is a 2006 book by Sam Harris, written in response to feedback he received following the publication of his first book The End of Faith. The book is written in the form of an open letter to a Christian in the United States. Harris states that his aim is "to demolish the intellectual and moral pretensions of Christianity in its most committed forms." In October it entered the New York Times Best Seller list at number seven.

Open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but are provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Critical open letters addressed to political leaders are especially common.

Two of the most famous and influential open letters are J'accuse...! by Émile Zola to the president of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage; and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail", including the famous quotation "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere".
Nervatnet (Fauske)
Nervatnet is a lake that lies in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 4.8-square-kilometre (1.9 sq mi) lake lies just east of the town of Fauske.  The neighboring lake Øvervatnet flows into Nedrevatnet, whose water in turn flows out into the Skjerstad Fjord. The E6 highway and the Nordland Line run along the western edge of this lake.

Skjerstad Fjord
Skjerstad Fjord (English) or Skjerstadfjorden (Norwegian) is a fjord in the municipalities of Bodø, Fauske, and Saltdal in Nordland county, Norway. It is a 40-kilometre-long (25 mi) arm off of the main Saltfjorden. It is connected to the Saltfjorden by the narrow Saltstraumen strait, which has very strong tidal currents. The villages of Valnesfjord and Rognan and the town of Fauske lie along the shores of the fjord. The European route E06 highway runs along the eastern shore of the fjord, and the Nordland Line railway follows the eastern and northern shores of the fjord.  The Misværfjorden branches off this fjord to the south at the village of Skjerstad.
FC Blida
The Football club Blida, commonly abbreviated as FC Blida or FCB, is a former Algerian football club based in Blida.

Formed on 4 October 1904, FC Blida became known, The Dean teams of the Algiers. The club won six titles including the Algiers champion of Division Honor, four Forconi Cup, two Championship and North African Cup.

During the independence of Algeria in 1962, FCB was dissolved like most other clubs.

Alger (department)
The Department of Algiers (French: département d'Alger, [depaʁtəmɑ̃ dalʒe], Arabic: عمّالة الجزائر) was a former French department in Algeria. The department of Alger existed between 1848 and 1974.

Considered a French province, Algeria was departmentalized on December 9, 1848. The departments created on this date were the civil zone of the three provinces corresponding to the beyliks of the Regency of Algiers recently conquered. Consequently, the city of Algiers was made prefecture of the department bearing its name, then covering the center of Algeria, leaving the Constantine Department to the east and the department of Oran to the west.
History of Newark, New Jersey
Newark has long been the largest city in New Jersey. Founded in 1666, it greatly expanded during the Industrial Revolution, becoming the commercial and cultural hub of the region. Its population grew with various waves of migration in the mid-19th century, peaking in 1950. It suffered greatly during the era of urban decline and suburbanization in the late 20th century. Since the millennium it has benefited from interest and re-investment in America's cities, recording population growth in the 2010 and 2020 censuses.

Newark Penn Station
Newark Penn Station is an intermodal passenger station in Newark, New Jersey. One of the New York metropolitan area's major transportation hubs, Newark Penn Station is served by multiple rail and bus carriers, making it the seventh busiest rail station in the United States, and the fourth busiest in the New York City metropolitan area.

Located at Raymond Plaza between Market Street and Raymond Boulevard, the station is served by three NJ Transit commuter rail lines, the Newark Light Rail, the PATH rapid transit system, and all 10 of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services, including the Acela. The station is also Newark's main intercity bus terminal; it is served by carriers Greyhound, Bolt, and Fullington Trailways. Additionally, it is served by 33 local and regional bus lines operated by NJ Transit Bus Operations.
Nidularium
Nidularium is a genus in the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Named to describe the nestling characteristic of the inflorescence (Lat. nidulus = little nest), all the species are endemic to Brazil. Commonly confused with Neoregelia which they resemble, this plant group was first described in 1854.

Neoregelia
Neoregelia is a genus of epiphytic flowering plants in the family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, native to South American rainforests. The genus name is for Eduard August von Regel, Director of St. Petersburg Botanic Gardens in Russia (1875–1892).
History of music in Paris
The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages. It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music. Paris has been home to many important composers, including: Léonin, Pérotin, Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet.

Salle Le Peletier
The Salle Le Peletier or Lepeletier (sometimes referred to as the Salle de la rue Le Peletier or the Opéra Le Peletier) was the home of the Paris Opera from 1821 until the building was destroyed by fire in 1873. The theatre was designed and constructed by the architect François Debret on the site of the garden of the Hôtel de Choiseul on the rue Lepeletier. Due to the many changes in government and management during the theatre's existence, it had a number of different official names, the most important of which were: Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique (1821–1848), Opéra-Théâtre de la Nation (1848–1850), Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique (1850–1852), Théâtre de l'Académie Impériale de Musique (1852–1854), Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra (1854–1870), and Théâtre National de l'Opéra (1870–1873).
Ramariopsis kunzei
Ramariopsis kunzei is an edible species of coral fungi in the family Clavariaceae, and the type species of the genus Ramariopsis. It is commonly known as white coral because of the branched structure of the fruit bodies that resemble marine coral.

The fruit bodies are up to 5 cm (2 in) tall by 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) wide, with numerous branches originating from a short rudimentary stem. The branches are one to two millimeters thick, smooth, and white, sometimes with yellowish tips in age.

Ramariopsis kunzei has a widespread distribution, and is found in North America, Eurasia, and Australia.

Clavulinopsis
Clavulinopsis is a genus of coral fungi in the family Clavariaceae. The genus, first described scientifically by Casper van Overeem in 1923, has a widespread distribution.

The name means "having the appearance of Clavulina".
Fuller Island
Fuller Island is an island in the Highjump Archipelago, 7 kilometres (4 nmi) long and 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) wide, lying 4 kilometres (2 nmi) south of Thomas Island on the south side of Cacapon Inlet. In 1946, it was mapped from the air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for H.F. Fuller, an air crewman on the Operation Highjump seaplane commanded by D.E. Bunger which landed on this area in February 1947.

Highjump Archipelago
The Highjump Archipelago is a group of rocky islands, rocks and ice rises in Antarctica, about 93 kilometres (50 nmi) long and from 9 to 28 kilometres (5 to 15 nmi) wide, lying generally north of the Bunger Hills and extending from the Taylor Islands, close northwest of Cape Hordern, to a prominent group of ice rises which terminate close west of Cape Elliott. It was delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump 1946–47 and so named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names. The codeword "highjump" was used for identifying the U.S. Navy Task Force 68, 1946–47. This task force was divided into three groups which completed photographic flights covering approximately 70 per cent of the coastal areas of Antarctica, excluding the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as significant portions of the interior.