hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medical centers in the United States
This article discusses the major medical centers in the U.S. For all hospitals, see List of hospitals in the United States. For a general discussion about U.S. health care see Health care in the United States.

Medical centers in the United States are conglomerations of health care facilities including hospitals and research facilities that also either include or are closely affiliated with a medical school.

Although the term medical center is sometimes loosely used to refer to any concentration of health care providers including local clinics and individual hospital buildings, the term academic medical center more specifically refers to larger facilities or groups of facilities that include a full spectrum of health services, medical education, and medical research.

The major medical centers represent the premier sites of health care in the United States. They vary greatly in their organization, the services they provide, and their ownership and operation.

Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) is an academic medical center located on Northwestern University's Chicago campus in Streeterville, Chicago, Illinois. It is the flagship campus for Northwestern Medicine and the primary teaching hospital for the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Affiliated institutions also located on campus include the Lurie Children's Hospital with Level I pediatric trauma care and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, a leader in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

In 2022, U.S. News & World Report ranked Northwestern Memorial as the top hospital in both Chicago and Illinois for the eleventh consecutive year and #9 in the nation. In the same report, Northwestern Memorial is nationally ranked in 11 adult specialties including #5 in Neurology & Neurosurgery.
Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of exercise to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions.

Understanding the effect of exercise involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise".

Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.

Exercise
Exercise or working out is physical activity that enhances or maintains fitness and overall health. It is performed for various reasons, including weight loss or maintenance, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic skills, improve health, or simply for enjoyment. Many people choose to exercise outdoors where they can congregate in groups, socialize, and improve well-being as well as mental health.

In terms of health benefits, usually, 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity exercise per week is recommended for reducing the risk of health problems. At the same time, even doing a small amount of exercise is healthier than doing none. For people who currently get the smallest amount of physical activity, adding just two or three minutes per day of moderate physical activity could reduce the risk of premature death by 10%.
National Museum Library
The National Museum Library is a division of the Department of National Museum in Sri Lanka functioning as its library and archive for its collection of books and documents. Established on 1 January 1877 as the Colombo National Museum Library when the Colombo National Museum was established, it incorporated the Government Oriental Library that had been established in 1870. Since 1885, by law, a copy of every document printed in the country is required to be lodged with the museum library as it functioned as the oldest legal deposit in Sri Lanka.

Department of National Museums
The Department of National Museums is a non-ministerial government department in Sri Lanka responsible for maintaining the National Museums. There are other museum in the country run by the 	Department of Archaeology and the Central Cultural Fund, Sri Lanka.
Robert Bruce Raup
Robert Bruce Raup (March 21, 1888 – April 13, 1976), was a Professor in the Philosophy of Education,  Teachers College, Columbia University. He was a well-known writer in the 1930s, whose writings were influenced by his own teacher and mentor, the American philosopher John Dewey. Like his mentor, Professor Raup is often associated with the pedagogical concept of promoting practical (i.e. pragmatic) judgment as something appropriate and necessary within the context of a modern democratic society. He was best known for his criticism of the American public education system, which he claimed was inadequate and ineffective in its methods.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - Sheemie's Tale
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - Sheemie's Tale is a two-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics. It is the second non-sequential comic book limited series based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. It is plotted and scripted by Robin Furth, with illustrations by Richard Isanove. Stephen King is the Creative and Executive Director of the project. The first issue was published on January 9, 2013.

Sheemie's Tale originally was solicited as a one-shot to serve as an interlude between The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Journey Begins and The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria. It initially was scheduled for publication in November 2010, then postponed to January 26, 2011, and later put on indefinite hiatus. When finally released, it was announced as a two-issue limited series.

The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria is a five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics. It is the seventh comic book miniseries based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. Unlike the majority of the other comics which were based either on the novels or original material that expanded upon plot points from them, this miniseries is not based upon any of the novels, but on the novella The Little Sisters of Eluria which was published in several anthologies before being included in the 2009 revised edition of The Gunslinger. It is plotted by Robin Furth, scripted by Peter David, and illustrated by Richard Isanove and Luke Ross. Stephen King is the Creative and executive director of the project. The first issue was published on December 8, 2010.
Pashuk Glacier
Pashuk Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Пашук, romanized: lednik Pashuk, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik pɐˈʃuk]) is the steep 2.7 km long and 600 m wide glacier on the southeast side of Imeon Range, Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which is draining southeastwards from Vakarel Saddle between the side ridges descending from Antim Peak and Evlogi Peak and separating it from Krivodol Glacier to the north and Rupite Glacier to the south respectively, and flows into Osmar Strait southwest of Sredets Point.

The glacier is named after the Canadian Keri Pashuk, skipper of the sailing yacht Northanger which provided logistic support for the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Foster (2105 m) in 1996.

Osmar Strait
Osmar Strait (Bulgarian: проток Осмар, ‘Protok Osmar’ \'pro-tok os-'mar\) is the 14.6 nautical miles (27.0 km)  wide strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica between Smith Island to the northwest and Low Island to the southeast.

The strait is named after the settlement of Osmar in northeastern Bulgaria.
Edward Richardson
Edward Richardson CMG (7 November 1831 – 26 February 1915) was a New Zealand civil and mechanical engineer, and Member of Parliament. Born in England, he emigrated to Australia and continued there as a railway engineer. Having become a partner in a contracting firm, a large project caused him to move to Christchurch in New Zealand, in which country he lived for the rest of his life.

1881 New Zealand general election
The 1881 New Zealand general election was held on 8 and 9 December in the Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 95 MPs to the 8th session of the New Zealand Parliament.

1881 was the first time a general election was held under universal male suffrage; all MPs were elected in single-member electorates; and the country quota was introduced, allowing rural electorates to have 25% fewer voters than urban electorates. Beginning with the 1881 election, all elections in European electorates were to be held on the same day, a measure not introduced for Māori electorates until 1951.
Catharsius granulatus
Catharsius granulatus is a species of dung beetle found in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Sikkim, China, Taiwan, Andaman Islands, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Sunda Islands.

Scarabaeinae
The scarab beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae consists of species collectively called true dung beetles (there are also dung beetles in other subfamilies and families). Most of the beetles of this subfamily feed exclusively on dung. However, some may feed on decomposing matter including carrion, decaying fruits and fungi. Dung beetles can be placed into three structural guilds based on their method of dung processing namely rollers (telecoprids), dwellers (endocoprids) and tunnelers (paracoprids). Dung removal and burial by dung beetles result in ecological benefits such as soil aeration and fertilization; improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal. Well-known members include the genera Scarabaeus and Sisyphus, and Phanaeus vindex.
Executive Council of Abia State
The Executive Council of Abia State
(informally and more commonly, the Cabinet of Abia State) is the highest formal governmental body that plays important roles in the Government of Abia State headed by the Governor of Abia State. It consists of the deputy governor, Secretary to the State Government, chief of staff, commissioners who preside over ministerial departments, and the governor's special aides. Appointment into these positions except the position of deputy governor is exercised by the governor on approval and confirmation by the Abia State House of Assembly.

Abia State Chief of Staff
The Abia State Chief of Staff is the most senior political appointee and an executive branch of the Abia State Government. Appointed by the Governor of Abia State, the Chief of Staff acts as a senior aide to the Governor with the responsibility of assisting and advising the Governor in the administering and managing of the daily affairs of the government.
Mixed quantum-classical dynamics
Mixed quantum-classical (MQC) dynamics is a class of computational theoretical chemistry methods tailored to simulate non-adiabatic (NA) processes in molecular and supramolecular chemistry. Such methods are characterized by:

Propagation of nuclear dynamics through classical trajectories;

Propagation of the electrons (or fast particles) through quantum methods;

A feedback algorithm between the electronic and nuclear subsystems to recover nonadiabatic information.

Multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree
Multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) is an approach to quantum molecular dynamics, an algorithm to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for multidimensional dynamical systems consisting of distinguishable particles. The nuclei of molecules is one example of such particles and their vibrational motion is a form of time-dependence. The method uses an overall wavefunction composed of products of single-particle wavefunctions as first proposed by Douglas Hartree in 1927. The "multiconfiguration" part of the method refers to combining multiple such products.: 37

MCTDH can predict the motion of the nuclei of a molecular system evolving on one or several  coupled electronic potential energy surfaces. It is an approximate method whose numerical efficiency decreases with growing accuracy.

MCTDH is suited for multi-dimensional problems, in particular for problems that are difficult or even impossible to solve in conventional ways.
289 series
The 289 series (289系, 289-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) in Japan on limited express services in the Kyoto and Osaka area since October 2015. The trains were converted from former dual-voltage (1,500 V DC and 20 kV AC) 683-2000 series EMUs formerly used on Shirasagi services and made surplus following the 14 March 2015 timetable revision.

Shirasagi (train)
The Shirasagi (しらさぎ) is a limited express train service in Japan operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) since 1964. It runs between Nagoya and Tsuruga. Shirasagi (白鷺) is the Japanese name for the "egret", a white heron.

For services continuing to and from Nagoya, a switchback is required at Maibara Station to enable services to continue travel in either direction. Half of all services operate between Maibara and Tsuruga.
1928 Detroit Titans football team
The 1928 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1928 college football season. Detroit shut out seven of its nine opponents, outscored opponents by a combined total of 267 to 27, and finished with a perfect 9–0 record in their fourth year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Gus Dorais. The team has been recognized as a co-national champion of 1928 by Parke H. Davis. Significant games included victories over Tulsa (19–14), Louisville (46–0), Michigan State (39–0), and Fordham (19–0).

The team was led by halfback Lloyd Brazil who was selected by Grantland Rice as the first-team utility back on the 1928 College Football All-America Team. During the 1928 season, Brazil set a new NCAA major college record with 997 passing yards. In 1929, he led the NCAA major colleges with 1,117 rushing yards and also led in total offense.

1928 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1928 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1928 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Gus Henderson, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 7–2–1 record and outscored their opponents by a total of 267 cto 80.
Banyowla Regional Park
Banyowla Regional Park, formerly Kelmscott-Martin Regional Park, is a conservation park situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the Perth central business district in Western Australia. It is located in the Perth Hills, within the City of Gosnells and the City of Armadale. The regional park was re-named in 2008 after Banyowla, who was a Noongar elder at the time of European settlement.

Banyowla is one of eleven regional parks in the Perth region of Western Australia. The purpose of these regional parks is to serve as urban havens to preserve and restore cultural heritage and valuable ecosystems as well as to encourage sustainable nature-based recreation activities.

City of Armadale
The City of Armadale is a local government area in the southeastern suburbs of the Western Australian capital city of Perth, about 28 kilometres (17.4 mi) southeast of Perth's central business district. The City covers an area of 560 square kilometres (216 sq mi), much of which is state forest rising into the Darling Scarp to the east, and had a population of almost 80,000 as at the 2016 Census. At the 2021 census, the population had risen to 94,184.
Villano II
José Alfredo Díaz Mendoza (September 25, 1949 – April 17, 1989), best known by his ring name Villano II (Spanish: "Villano Segundo"; English: "Villain the second"), was a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler). Despite being numbered "II", he was the oldest of the Díaz sons, and was thus the oldest son of luchador Ray Mendoza. His younger brothers wrestled or wrestle as Villano I (José de Jesús), Villano III (Arturo), Villano V (Raymundo), and Villano IV (Tomás). Villano II has at times been called "the Forgotten Villano", as he is the Villano who achieved the least success in the ring and only wrestled a sporadic schedule for the latter part of his career.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Charles Hicks Bustill
Charles Hicks Bustill (c.1815–1890) was an African-American abolitionist and conductor in the Underground Railroad in Philadelphia before the American Civil War. He made a living as a plasterer.

Bustill's grandfather was Cyrus Bustill and he was a member of the city's prominent Bustill family.  His children include Gertrude Bustill Mossell and Maria Louisa Bustill, mother of Paul Robeson.

Maria Louisa Bustill
Maria Louisa Bustill Robeson (November 8, 1853 – January 20, 1904) was an American Quaker schoolteacher; the wife of the Reverend William Drew Robeson of Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey and the mother of Paul Robeson and his siblings.
Committee of Privileges (Malaysian House of Representatives)
The Committee of Privileges (Malay: Jawatankuasa Hak dan Kebebasan) is a select committee of the House of Representatives in the Parliament of Malaysia. The committee is headed by the Speaker, and six members appointed by the Committee of Selection at the beginning of each Parliament. It is responsible for considering matters concerning the Houses of Representatives.

The committee is responsible for matters pertaining to the parliament while it is in session. Any members of parliament can notify the Speaker on matters that affects the privileges accorded to Parliament, of which requires the Speaker's approval before being handed to the committee, where they will issue a statement on the matter.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
The Butterjunk Effect
"The Butterjunk Effect" is the sixth episode in the  seventh season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 120th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 18, 2012.
The episode was written by Michael Rowe and directed by Crystal Chesney-Thompson.

Futurama season 7
The seventh season of Futurama consisted of 26 episodes split equally across two broadcast seasons: 7-A and 7-B. It premiered on Comedy Central on June 20, 2012. A box set containing the 13 episodes of Season 7-A was released as Futurama: Volume 7 and another box set containing the 13 episodes of Season 7-B was released as Futurama: Volume 8.

On April 22, 2013, Comedy Central announced that season 7 would be the final season of the series. The final episode aired on September 4, 2013. Despite the fact that it was originally intended as the final season, Hulu greenlit an eighth season in February 2022, which premiered on July 24, 2023.
Modeling perspective
A modeling perspective in information systems is a particular way to represent pre-selected aspects of a system. Any perspective has a different focus, conceptualization, dedication and visualization of what the model is representing.

The traditional way to distinguish between modeling perspectives is structural, functional and behavioral/processual perspectives. This together with rule, object, communication and actor and role perspectives is one way of classifying modeling approaches.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Conrad Malaspina the Elder
Conrad Malaspina, also known as L'Antico or The Old, was an Italian nobleman who lived in the 12th century.
There is no certainty about Conrad's birthdate but most historians agree that it is around 1180, his death date is also uncertain but it is speculated to be around July 1254.
Conrad was the forefather of the "Spino Secco" (dried thorn in English) branch of the Malaspina family.
Conrad Malaspina's achievements were of fundamental importance for the way Italian territories were shaped.
He had very close relationships with Emperor Frederick II as well as many intellectuals and political figures of the time.

Purgatorio
Purgatorio (Italian: [purɡaˈtɔːrjo]; Italian for "Purgatory") is the second part of Dante's Divine Comedy, following the Inferno and preceding the Paradiso; it was written in the early 14th century. It is an allegorical telling of the climb of Dante up the Mount of Purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil—except for the last four cantos, at which point Beatrice takes over as Dante's guide. Allegorically, Purgatorio represents the penitent Christian life. In describing the climb Dante discusses the nature of sin, examples of vice and virtue, as well as moral issues in politics and in the Church. The poem posits the theory that all sins arise from love—either perverted love directed towards others' harm, or deficient love, or the disordered or excessive love of good things.