hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cost-loss model
The cost-loss model, also called the cost/loss model or the cost-loss decision model, is a model used to understand how the predicted probability of adverse events affects the decision of whether to take a costly precautionary measure to protect oneself against losses from that event. The threshold probability above which it makes sense to take the precautionary measure equals the ratio of the cost of the preventative measure to the loss averted, and this threshold is termed the cost/loss ratio or cost-loss ratio. The model is typically used in the context of using prediction about weather conditions to decide whether to take a precautionary measure or not.

Martingale (probability theory)
In probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process in which the expected value of the next observation, given all prior observations, is equal to the most recent value. In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value. Martingales are used to model fair games, where future expected winnings are equal to the current amount regardless of past outcomes.
Emily Hale
Emily Hale (October 27, 1891 – October 12, 1969) was an American speech and drama teacher, who was the longtime muse and confidante of the poet T. S. Eliot. There were 1,131 letters from Eliot to Hale deposited in Princeton University Library in 1956; they were made accessible to the public on January 2, 2020.

Valerie Eliot
Esmé Valerie Eliot (née Fletcher; 17 August 1926 – 9 November 2012) was the second wife and later widow of the Nobel Prize-winning poet T. S. Eliot. She was a major shareholder in the publishing firm of Faber and Faber Limited and the editor and annotator of a number of books dealing with her late husband's writings.
Asplund space
In mathematics — specifically, in functional analysis — an Asplund space or strong differentiability space is a type of well-behaved Banach space.  Asplund spaces were introduced in 1968 by the mathematician Edgar Asplund, who was interested in the Fréchet differentiability properties of Lipschitz functions on Banach spaces.

David Preiss
David Preiss FRS (born 21 January 1947) is a Czech and British mathematician, specializing in mathematical analysis. 
He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Warwick

Preiss is a recipient of the Ostrowski Prize (2011)
and the winner of the 2008 London Mathematical Society Pólya Prize for his 1987 result on Geometry of Measures, where he solved the remaining problem in the geometric theoretic structure of sets and measures in Euclidean space.
He was an invited speaker at the ICM 1990 in Kyoto.
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society (2004) and a Foreign Fellow of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic (2003).

He is associate editor of the mathematical journal Real Analysis Exchange.
Parc des Buttes Chaumont
The Parc des Buttes Chaumont (French pronunciation: [paʁk de byt ʃomɔ̃]; English: Park of Buttes Chaumont) is a public park situated in northeastern Paris, France, in the 19th arrondissement. Occupying  24.7 hectares (61 acres), it is the fifth-largest park in Paris, after the Bois de Vincennes, Bois de Boulogne, Parc de la Villette and Tuileries Garden.

Opened in 1867, late in the regime of Napoleon III, it was built according to plans by Adolphe Alphand, who created all the major parks for Haussmann's renovation of Paris commanded by the Emperor.  The park has 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) of roads and 2.2 kilometres (1.4 miles) of paths. Its best known feature is the Temple de la Sibylle (Sibyl's Temple), a miniature Roman temple inspired by the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy, and located on the Belvedere island in the artificial lake, at the top of a 50-metre (160 ft) cliff.

Tuileries Garden
The Tuileries Garden (French: Jardin des Tuileries, IPA: [ʒaʁdɛ̃ de tɥilʁi]) is a public garden between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Created by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in 1564, it was opened to the public in 1667 and became a public park after the French Revolution. Since the 19th century, it has been a place for Parisians to celebrate, meet, stroll and relax. Covering an area of 25.5 hectares (63 acres), it is one of the most iconic parks in Paris. During the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, it was the site of the Olympic and Paralympic cauldron.
Manifest für Frieden
The Manifest für Frieden (lit. 'Manifesto for peace') is a German manifesto and an online petition against Germany's arms deliveries to Ukraine and in favour of peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war.

Online petition
An online petition (or Internet petition, or e-petition) is a form of petition which is signed online, usually through a form on a website. Visitors to the online petition sign the petition by adding their details such as name and email address. Typically, after there are enough signatories, the resulting letter may be delivered to the subject of the petition, usually via e-mail. The online petition may also deliver an email to the target of the petition each time the petition is signed.
Doronicum plantagineum
Doronicum plantagineum, the plantain-leaved leopard's-bane or plantain false leopardbane, is a European plant species in the sunflower family. It is native to southeastern Europe from Greece and Italy to Ukraine and the Czech Republic. There are reports of the species being naturalized in the State of Oregon in the northwestern United States.

Doronicum plantagineum is a perennial herb up to 80 cm (2 feet) tall. Leaves are roundish, up to 11 cm (4.4 inches) long. The plant creates yellow flower heads one at a time, each up to 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter and containing both fay florets and disc florets.

Subspecies

Doronicum plantagineum subsp. atlanticum (Rouy) Greuter

Doronicum plantagineum subsp. emarginatum (H.J.Coste) P.Fourn.

Doronicum plantagineum subsp. plantagineum

Doronicum plantagineum subsp. tournefortii (Rouy) Cout.

The Latin specific epithet plantagineum refers to the leaves of the plant which are similar to those of a plantain.

Plantago
Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a few are subshrubs growing to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall.
Kaiser Center for the Arts
The Henry J. Kaiser Center for the Arts is a historic, publicly owned multi-purpose building located in Oakland, California. Originally known as the Oakland Civic Auditorium, it was renamed in honor of Henry J. Kaiser following a 1984 renovation, and was renamed as the Henry J. Kaiser Center for the Arts in 2023.  Heller Manus Architects led the building’s seismic retrofit and renovation.

The Beaux-Arts style landmark was completed in 1915. The architect was John J. Donovan. The structural engineer was Maurice Couchot. The facility includes a 72,000sf, 5,492-seat arena, 1,500 seats Calvin Simmons Theatre, and a large ballroom. The building is #27 on the list of Oakland Historic Landmarks., and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.

The building is located at 10 10th Street, in the Civic Center district of the city. It is next to the Oakland Museum, Laney College, Lake Merritt, and near the Lake Merritt BART station.

Henry J. Kaiser
Henry John Kaiser (May 9, 1882 – August 24, 1967) was an American industrialist who became known for his shipbuilding and construction projects, then later for his involvement in fostering modern American health care. Prior to World War II, Kaiser was involved in the construction industry; his company was one of those that built the Hoover Dam. He established the Kaiser Shipyards, which built Liberty ships during World War II, after which he formed Kaiser Aluminum and Kaiser Steel.: 2, 8–12  Kaiser organized Kaiser Permanente health care for his workers and their families. He led Kaiser-Frazer followed by Kaiser Motors, automobile companies known for the safety of their designs. Kaiser was involved in large construction projects such as civic centers and dams, and invested in real estate, later moving into television broadcasting with Kaiser Broadcasting.
2022 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 2022 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in six canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 35th edition.

Russia and Belarus were excluded from participation due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Canoe Slalom World Cup
The ICF Canoe Slalom World Cup is an annual season-long series of top level races in canoe slalom held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. It has been held since 1988 in four canoe and kayak disciplines for men and women. The four original disciplines were men's single canoe (C1), men's double canoe (C2), men's kayak (K1) and women's kayak. A women's single canoe discipline (C1) was added to the world cup in 2010. The men's C2 event was removed from the world cup series in 2018 and it was replaced by the mixed C2 event. The mixed C2 event only lasted for one season, however. 2018 was also the first time that world cup points were awarded for the kayak cross (called extreme K1 at the time). Kayak cross individual (a kayak cross time trial event) was introduced as a separate discipline in 2025. The time trial is simultaneously used as a qualification run for the kayak cross knockout phase.
Orchestron
The Vako Orchestron is a keyboard instrument made in the 1970s, that produces its sound through electronic amplification of sounds pre-recorded as an optical track on a disc. It is the professional version of the Mattel Optigan, an earlier and lower-priced model intended for amateur musicians.

Trans-Europe Express (album)
Trans-Europe Express (German: Trans Europa Express) is the sixth studio album by German electronic band Kraftwerk. Recorded in 1976 in Düsseldorf, Germany, the album was released in March 1977 on Kling Klang Records. It saw the group refine their melodic electronic style, with a focus on sequenced rhythms, minimalism, and occasionally manipulated vocals. The themes include celebrations of the eponymous European railway service and Europe as a whole, and meditations on the disparities between reality and appearance.

Trans-Europe Express charted at 119 on the American charts and was ranked number 30 in The Village Voice's 1977 Pazz & Jop critics' poll. Two singles were released: "Trans-Europe Express" and "Showroom Dummies". The album has been re-released in several formats and continues to receive acclaim as one of the best albums of the 1970s and of all time. In 2014, the Los Angeles Times called it "the most important pop album of the last 40 years".
Theophory in the Bible
Theophory is the practice of embedding the name of a god or a deity in, usually, a proper name. Much Hebrew theophory occurs in the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible). The most prominent theophory involves names referring to:

El, a word meaning might, power and (a) god in general, and hence in Judaism, God and among the Canaanites the name of the god who was the father of Baal.

Yah/Jah, a shortened form of Yahweh/Jahweh, the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יהוה). 
They are also known as Yahveh/Jahveh and Yehovah/Jehovah.

Levantine deities (especially the storm god, Hadad) by the epithet baal, meaning lord. In later times, as the conflict between Yahwism and the more popular pagan practices became increasingly intense, these names were censored and baal was replaced with bosheth, meaning "shame".

Theophoric name
A theophoric name (from Greek: θεόφορος, theophoros, literally "bearing or carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or a god's name in a person's name, reflecting something about the character of the person so named in relation to that deity. For example, names embedding Apollo, such as Apollonios or Apollodorus, existed in Greek antiquity.

Theophoric personal names, containing the name of a god in whose care the individual is entrusted (or a generic word for god), were also exceedingly common in the ancient Near East and Mesopotamia.  Some names of theophoric origin remain common today, such as Theodore (theo-, "god"; -dore, origin of word compound in Greek: doron, "gift"; hence "God's gift"; in Greek: Theodoros) or, less recognisably, Jonathan (from Hebrew Yonatan/Yehonatan, meaning "Yahweh has given").
Sapouy
Sapouy is the capital of the province of Ziro in Burkina Faso. It is the capital of Ziro Province. The town is on the N6 highway which connects the national capital, Ouagadougou and Léo, the capital of Sissili Province.

It was notably the site of the murder of investigative journalist Norbert Zongo in 1998.

Léo, Burkina Faso
Léo is a town located in the province of Sissili in Burkina Faso. It is the capital of Sissili Province, and is located about 10 kilometers from the border with Ghana. The main ethnic group are the Gurunsi.
Veslenupen Peak
Veslenupen Peak (72°7′S 2°13′E﻿ / ﻿72.117°S 2.217°E﻿ / -72.117; 2.217) is a peak near the north end of Nupskammen Ridge in the Gjelsvik Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). It was named Veslenupen, meaning "the little peak."

This article incorporates public domain material from "Veslenupen Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nupskammen Ridge
Nupskammen Ridge (72°9′S 2°19′E﻿ / ﻿72.150°S 2.317°E﻿ / -72.150; 2.317) is a ridge of jagged peaks 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, standing north of Von Essen Mountain in the Gjelsvik Mountains, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Nupskammen (the peak crest).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nupskammen Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Koviloor, Kerala
Koviloor is a village located in Vattavada panchayat of Devikulam taluk in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated around 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above sea level near the Tamil Nadu border. It is 43 km (27 mi) east of Munnar. The village is known for growing a wide range of vegetables and fruits through terrace farming. The majority of the population speaks Tamil, as the region borders Tamil Nadu.

Vattavada
Vattavada is a village in Idukki district in the state of Kerala, bordering Tamil Nadu, India. The village is located along Palani Hills in Western Ghats. It is an agricultural village known for growing a wide range of vegetables and fruits in the terrace farmlands.
Women's basketball
Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It was first played in 1892, one year after men's basketball, at Smith College in Massachusetts. It spread across the United States, in large parts via women's college competitions, and has since spread globally. As of 2020, basketball is one of the most popular and fastest growing sports in the world.

There are multiple professional leagues and tournaments for professional women basketball players. The main North American league is the WNBA. The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. In the US, the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular. The strongest European women's basketball clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.

Portland Fire (2000–2002)
The Portland Fire were a professional basketball team in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) based in Portland, Oregon that joined the league in 2000 as the counterpart to the NBA’s Portland Trail Blazers and played their games at the Rose Garden. The team folded after the 2002 season, its third in the league. They were the only WNBA team that ceased operations without having made the playoffs.
The Genius of Art Tatum
The Genius of Art Tatum is a 1953–54 series of solo albums by jazz pianist Art Tatum originally issued on LP over 11 volumes. First released on the Clef Records label, they were added to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1978. A 7-CD box-set  of these recordings, now under the title of The Complete Pablo Solo Masterpieces, was issued on the Pablo label in July 1991.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Back Bone Seraph
The Back Bone Seraph (a seraph is a type of angel) is a family of French paramotors that was designed by Thierry Simonet and produced by Back Bone of Tallard for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
VV SJC
VV SJC is a football club from Noordwijk, Netherlands. VV SJC plays in the 2023–24 Sunday Vierde Divisie A.

In the 2021–22 season, VV SJC qualified for the promotion playoffs, but lost 7–0 on aggregate in the first round vs. OJC Rosmalen.

OJC Rosmalen
Ontspanning Door Inspanning Juliana Combinatie Rosmalen, commonly known as OJC Rosmalen, is a Dutch football club based in Rosmalen, North Brabant. The club competes in the Vierde Divisie, the fifth tier of the Dutch football league system.

OJC Rosmalen was formed in 1947 through a merger between Juliana, founded in 1917 in Hintham, and ODI (Ontspanning Door Inspanning), established in 1910 in Rosmalen. It is the largest amateur football club in the region in terms of membership.

The club plays its home matches at Sportpark De Groote Wielen, located in the northern part of Rosmalen, and traditionally wears red and black.
The Mexicali Kid
The Mexicali Kid is a 1938 American Western film directed by Wallace Fox and written by Robert Emmett Tansey. The film stars Jack Randall, Wesley Barry, Eleanor Stewart, Wilhelm von Brincken, Chester Gan and Glenn Strange. The film was released on September 14, 1938, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Andrés D'Alessandro
Andrés Nicolás D'Alessandro (born 15 April 1981) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He has played top-flight football in Argentina, Germany, England, Spain, Brazil and Uruguay.

He won an Olympic gold medal with Argentina in 2004 and also played at that year's Copa América.

In 2020, he was awarded Brazilian citizenship.

2008 Copa Sudamericana
The 2008 Copa Sudamericana de Clubes was the seventh edition of the Copa Sudamericana football tournament. The draw for the tournament took place on June 10, 2008 in Buenos Aires and the competition was played between July 30 and December 3. Arsenal de Sarandí were the defending champions, having won the trophy the previous season. Brazilian side Internacional won the 2008 tournament, becoming the first Brazilian winners of the trophy.
Order (group theory)
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication, the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that am = e, where e denotes the identity element of the group, and am denotes the product of m copies of a. If no such m exists, the order of a is infinite.

The order of a group G is denoted by ord(G) or |G|, and the order of an element a is denoted by ord(a) or |a|, instead of  where the brackets denote the generated group.

Lagrange's theorem states that for any subgroup H of a finite group G, the order of the subgroup divides the order of the group; that is, |H| is a divisor of |G|. In particular, the order |a| of any element is a divisor of |G|.

Identity element
In mathematics, an identity element or neutral element of a binary operation is an element that leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied. For example, 0 is an identity element of the addition of real numbers. This concept is used in algebraic structures such as groups and rings. The term identity element is often shortened to identity (as in the case of additive identity and multiplicative identity) when there is no possibility of confusion, but the identity implicitly depends on the binary operation it is associated with.
Cyperus durus
Cyperus durus is a species of sedge that is native to southern Angola and South Africa's Cape Provinces in southern Africa.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1837.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).