hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maria of Portugal, Marchioness of Tortosa
Maria of Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈɾiɐ]; 6 April 1342, in Évora, Kingdom of Portugal – 1377, in Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Italy) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) member of the House of Burgundy and by marriage marchioness of Tortosa and lady of Albarracín.

She was the eldest child and daughter of King Peter I of Portugal and his wife Constance Manuel. Her parents' marriage produced four children, but only infanta Maria and her younger brother, the future King Ferdinand I of Portugal, survived adulthood; from her father's relationship (or second marriage) with Inês de Castro and later affair with Teresa Lourenço, she had several half-siblings, including Beatrice, countess of Alburquerque, and John of Aviz, who became king of Portugal in 1385 and founder of the House of Aviz, who ruled the Kingdom of Portugal until 1580.

John I of Portugal
John I (Portuguese: João [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433), also called John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until his death in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in a succession war with Castile, preserving his country's independence and establishing the Aviz (or Joanine) dynasty on the Portuguese throne. His long reign of 48 years, the most extensive of all Portuguese monarchs, saw the beginning of Portugal's overseas expansion. John's well-remembered reign in his country earned him the epithet of Fond Memory (de Boa Memória).
Supersymmetry nonrenormalization theorems
In theoretical physics a nonrenormalization theorem is a limitation on how a certain quantity in the classical description of a quantum field theory may be modified by renormalization in the full quantum theory.  Renormalization theorems are common in theories with a sufficient amount of supersymmetry, usually at least 4 supercharges.

Perhaps the first nonrenormalization theorem was introduced by Marcus T. Grisaru, Martin Rocek and Warren Siegel in their 1979 paper Improved methods for supergraphs.

Supermultiplet
In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra, possibly with extended supersymmetry.

Then a superfield is a field on superspace which is valued in such a representation. Naïvely, or when considering flat superspace, a superfield can simply be viewed as a function on superspace. Formally, it is a section of an associated supermultiplet bundle.

Phenomenologically, superfields are used to describe particles. It is a feature of supersymmetric field theories that particles form pairs, called superpartners where bosons are paired with fermions.

These supersymmetric fields are used to build supersymmetric quantum field theories, where the fields are promoted to operators.
Real utopian sociology
Real utopian sociology is an emancipatory social science created and practiced by Erik Olin Wright, a utopian studies scholar. The apparent contradiction in its name is intentional: this sociology seeks to find existing utopian projects and evaluate their potential to replace systems of domination, particularly as an anti-capitalism strategy. Simply put, real utopian sociology is the study of feasible utopian models for society and pathways to achieve them.

Utopian studies
Utopian studies is an interdisciplinary field of study that researches utopianism in all its forms, including utopian politics, utopian literature and art, utopian theory, and intentional communities. In his 1516 book Utopia, Sir Thomas More coined the term. Utopian studies can be subdivided into three major areas: study of utopian works, communitarianism and utopian social theory. A study opposite to Utopian studies is Dystopian studies. While Utopias are non-existent societies people dream of, dystopias are essentially non-existent and non-desirable societies that individuals deem worse than their present society. They are also known as negative utopias.
Tri-State Transportation Campaign
The Tri-State Transportation Campaign (TSTC) is a non-profit advocacy and policy organization dedicated to reducing car and truck dependency and promoting a "more balanced, environmentally sound and equitable transportation network" in downstate New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. TSTC's methods include political and media advocacy including a self-published blog ("Mobilizing the Region"), original research and analysis, litigation, and community organizing.

New Jersey Department of Transportation
The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) is the agency responsible for transportation issues and policy in New Jersey, including maintaining and operating the state's highway and public road system, planning and developing transportation policy, and assisting with rail, freight, and intermodal transportation issues. It is headed by the Commissioner of Transportation. The present acting commissioner is Francis K. O'Connor.
Libyan missile attack against Lampedusa
The Libyan missile attack against Lampedusa, Italy, was initiated on 15 April 1986, and, despite not having caused any damage, kick-started a period of diplomatic crisis between the nations of Italy and Libya.

Two SS-1 Scud were launched against Lampedusa by the Libyan Armed Forces, to damage the NATO base located in Lampedusa, including the LORAN navigation system located on the base, as a reprisal against Operation El Dorado Canyon.

1986 United States bombing of Libya
The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps carried out air strikes, code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon, against Libya on 15 April 1986 in retaliation for the West Berlin discotheque bombing ten days earlier, which U.S. president Ronald Reagan blamed on Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. There were 40 reported Libyan casualties; one U.S. plane was shot down. One of the claimed Libyan deaths was of a baby girl, reported to be Gaddafi's daughter, Hana Gaddafi. However, there are doubts both as to whether she was really killed, or even if she truly existed.
Berrien Springs Courthouse
The Berrien Springs Courthouse (1839 County Courthouse) is a former government building located at the corner of Union and Cass Streets in Berrien Springs, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is the oldest courthouse in Michigan and today is part of the History Center at Courthouse Square and is operated by the Berrien County Historical Association.

Old Berrien County Courthouse Complex
The Old Berrien County Courthouse Complex , also known as the History Center at Courthouse Square, is a historic district located in Berrien Springs, Michigan.  The complex is 1.6 acres and is home to five structures, two of which are the oldest of their kind in the state of Michigan.  While the property and its buildings are owned by Berrien County and stewarded by the Berrien County Historical Association. While the historic 1839 Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, the BCHA resubmitted the application to include the remaining property added during the 1970s.  The application was approve and the entire complex was added to the register 1982.
Kac ring
In statistical mechanics, the Kac ring is a toy model introduced by Mark Kac in 1956 to explain how the second law of thermodynamics emerges from time-symmetric interactions between molecules (see reversibility paradox). Although artificial, the model is notable as a mathematically transparent example of coarse-graining and is used as a didactic tool in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

T-symmetry
T-symmetry or time reversal symmetry is the theoretical symmetry of physical laws under the transformation of time reversal,

Since the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases as time flows toward the future, in general, the macroscopic universe does not show symmetry under time reversal. In other words, time is said to be non-symmetric, or asymmetric, except for special equilibrium states when the second law of thermodynamics predicts the time symmetry to hold. However, quantum noninvasive measurements are predicted to violate time symmetry even in equilibrium, contrary to their classical counterparts, although this has not yet been experimentally confirmed.

Time asymmetries (see Arrow of time) generally are caused by one of three categories:

intrinsic to the dynamic physical law (e.g., for the weak force)

due to the initial conditions of the universe (e.g., for the second law of thermodynamics)

due to measurements (e.g., for the noninvasive measurements)
Chapel Hill Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Chapel Hill Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a historic Cumberland Presbyterian church in Chapel Hill, Tennessee.

The church building, on Main Street in Chapel Hill, was built in 1866 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Cumberland Presbyterian Church
The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian denomination spawned by the Second Great Awakening. In 2023, it had 33 223 active members and 646 congregations. The word Cumberland comes from the Cumberland River valley where the church was founded.
High Speed vendor Feed
High Speed Vendor Feed (HSVF) is the market data vendor protocol of the electronic Sola Trading platform that is used for the dissemination of market data for options, futures, forwards and other exchange-listed derivative securities for five major derivative exchanges globally.

Turquoise (trading platform)
Turquoise is an equities trading platform (multilateral trading facility or MTF), created by nine major investment banks in 2008. The aim was to provide dealing services at a 50% discount to traditional exchanges. It is a hybrid system that allows trading both on and off traditional exchanges. The system was advertised as a "pan-European platform based in London".
Nuclear Installations Act 1969
The Nuclear Installations Act 1969 (c. 18) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its effect was to amend the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 to make it comply with international agreements. The 1969 act was subsequently repealed.

Nuclear Installations Act 1965
The Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (c. 57) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which enacted certain international conventions and consolidated legislation on nuclear installations made under the Nuclear Installations Acts 1959 and 1965.
Sphagnopsida
Sphagnopsida is a class of mosses that includes a single subclass Sphagnidae, with two orders. It is estimated it originated about 465 million years ago, along with Takakia. The order Sphagnales contains four living genera: Ambuchanania, Eosphagnum, and Flatbergium, which counts four species in total, and Sphagnum which contains the rest of the species. The extinct Protosphagnales contains a single fossil species.

Protosphagnum
Protosphagnum nervatum is the only known species of order Protosphagnales. It is only known from the Permian fossil record. In many ways, it resembles the living moss genus Sphagnum, though its leaf cells are not as strongly dimorphic as in Sphagnum.
1990 Motorcraft Quality Parts 500
The 1990 Motorcraft Quality Parts 500 was the fourth stock car race of the 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 31st iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, March 18, 1990, before an audience of 45,000 in Hampton, Georgia, at Atlanta International Raceway, a 1.522 miles (2.449 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval intermediate speedway. The race took the scheduled 328 laps to complete. On the final restart with two laps in the race, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt would manage to make a late-race charge to the lead, coming back from a poor final pit stop to take his 40th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his first victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Bud Moore Engineering driver Morgan Shepherd and Morgan–McClure Motorsports driver Ernie Irvan would finish second and third, respectively.

1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 42nd season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 19th modern-era Cup Series. It began on Sunday, February 11, and ended on Sunday, November 18. Because of a highly controversial penalty to Mark Martin early in the season, Dale Earnhardt with Richard Childress Racing was crowned the Winston Cup champion for the fourth time, edging out Martin by 26 points.
2013–14 PBA Philippine Cup finals
The 2013–14 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Philippine Cup finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2013–14 PBA Philippine Cup, and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The Rain or Shine Elasto Painters and the San Mig Super Coffee Mixers competed for the 36th All-Filipino championship and the 110th overall championship contested by the league.

The Mixers won the championship in six games.

2013–14 PBA Philippine Cup
The 2013–14 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Philippine Cup, also known as the 2013–14 PLDT Home DSL/myDSL-PBA Philippine Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the first conference of the 2013–14 PBA season. The tournament started on November 17, 2013, and ended on February 26, 2014. The tournament does not allow teams to hire foreign players or imports.
Nova Baden State Park
The Nova Baden State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual de Nova Baden) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It protects a rugged, forested area that is home to several rare or endangered species of mammals.

State park (Brazil)
A state park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual) in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area operated by one of the states.
Their goal is to preserve important or beautiful natural ecosystems.
Public access is allowed subject to regulations defined by the responsible agency.
Roy Krishna
Roy Christopher Krishna (born 30 August 1987) is a Fijian professional footballer who plays as a striker and captains both Bula FC and the Fiji national team. He is the most-capped and highest-scoring Fijian footballer of all-time.

2019–20 Indian Super League
The 2019–20 Indian Super League season was the sixth season of the Indian Super League, one of the top Indian professional football leagues. The regular season began on 20 October 2019 and concluded on 14 March 2020.

Hyderabad replaced the disbanded Pune City, whereas Delhi Dynamos moved to Bhubaneswar and rebranded as Odisha.

Bengaluru were the defending champions, having won their maiden Indian Super League title by defeating Goa 1–0 in the 2018–19 final. However, both teams were knocked out in the semi-finals, with Bengaluru losing 3–2 on aggregate to ATK and Goa losing 6–5 on aggregate to Chennaiyin. On 14 March 2020, ATK beat Chennaiyin 3–1 in the final, becoming the first club to win three ISL titles.

On 29 November 2019, the AFC association ranking confirmed India's group stage spot in the 2021 AFC Champions League. As winners of the regular season, FC Goa took that spot along with the inaugural League Winners Shield trophy.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's club throw
The Women's club throw athletics events for the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place at the Tokyo National Stadium on August 27 and September 3, 2021. A total of 2 events were contested in this discipline.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in the National Stadium in Tokyo. There was 167 medal events: 93 for men, 73 for women and one mixed event. It was the largest contest of the Games programme regarding athlete numbers and medal events to be scheduled.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were instead held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.
Nightwolf
Nightwolf (/ˈnaɪtˌwʊlf/ NIGHT-wulf) is a supporting character from the video game series Mortal Kombat, created by Midway Games. He debuted in Mortal Kombat 3 (1995) as a Native American shaman selected to defend the Earth against invading forces from the savage realm of Outworld. In addition to his fighting prowess, Nightwolf possesses magical abilities that allow him to enhance his strength and create weapons.

The character has appeared in various media outside of the games, including as one of the central heroes in the animated series Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm (1996), and as a supporting character in the film Mortal Kombat Annihilation. While his portrayal in the franchise has been criticized as a stereotype of Native Americans, his depiction in the rebooted games has received a mixed reception.

Killer Instinct
Killer Instinct is a series of fighting video games originally created by Rare and published by Midway, Nintendo, and later Xbox Game Studios since the remake. The original Killer Instinct was released for arcades in 1994; the game was then released for the Super NES and Game Boy in 1995. Its sequel, Killer Instinct 2, was released for arcades in 1996; the game was then released as Killer Instinct Gold for the Nintendo 64.

The series was rebooted with the release of Killer Instinct (2013) for the Xbox One.
Tracy Ridge Hiking Trail System
The Tracy Ridge Hiking Trail System is a 33.7-mile (54.2 km) system of interconnected hiking trails in Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. The system was designed to visit the most remote areas of the Tracy Ridge portion of Allegheny National Recreation Area.

Allegheny National Forest
The Allegheny National Forest is a National Forest in Northwestern Pennsylvania, about 100 miles northeast of Pittsburgh. The forest covers 513,175 acres (801.8 sq mi; 2,076.7 km2) of land. Within the forest is Kinzua Dam, which impounds the Allegheny River to form Allegheny Reservoir. The administrative headquarters for the Allegheny National Forest is in Warren. The Allegheny National Forest has two ranger stations, one in Marienville, Forest County, and the other in Bradford, McKean County.

The Allegheny National Forest lies in the heart of Pennsylvania's oil and gas region. It is only 40 miles (64 km) from the site of the first commercial oil well in the United States at Titusville, Pennsylvania. In 1981, about 17 percent of the state's crude oil production came from mineral rights owned by private individuals within the Forest boundary.
France at the Hopman Cup
France is a nation that has competed at twenty-six Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the inaugural Hopman Cup in 1989. Their best results to date came in 2014, when they defeated Poland in the final by two rubbers to one, and in 2017 when they defeated the United States in the final, also by two rubbers to one.

United States at the Hopman Cup
The United States has appeared at the Hopman Cup from the 2nd staging of the event in 1990. The United States has appeared in twelve Hopman Cup finals and have a record six victories. It is one of two countries to successfully defend the title (alongside Switzerland) and holds the record for consecutive final appearances at four.
R. A. U. P. Rajapaksa
Air Chief Marshal R. A. Udeni P. Rajapaksa RSP & two Bars, VSV, USP was a Sri Lanka Air Force pilot who served as the Commander of the Sri Lanka Air Force from June 2023 to January 2025. Previously, he served as Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Air Force, Director Air Operations, Base Commander SLAF Katunayake and Commandant of the Air Force Academy China Bay.

Sri Lanka Air Force
The Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF; Sinhala: ශ්‍රි ලංකා ගුවන් හමුදාව, romanized: Śrī Laṃkā guwan hamudāva; Tamil: இலங்கை விமானப்படை, romanized: Ilaṅkai vimāṉappaṭai) is the air arm and the youngest of the three components of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. It was founded in 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF). The SLAF played a major role throughout the Sri Lankan Civil War. The SLAF operates more than 160 aircraft.

The Commander of the Air Force is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Air Force who holds the rank of Air Marshal.
Justin Bijlow
Justin Bijlow (Dutch: [ˈjʏstin 'bɛiloː, ˈdʑus-]; born 22 January 1998) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club Genoa.

Bijlow went through the academy of Feyenoord, where he signed his first professional contract in February 2015 and made his debut in August 2017. With Feyenoord, he won the Eredivisie twice, the KNVB Cup twice and the Johan Cruyff Shield three times. In 2022, he captained Feyenoord in the UEFA Europa Conference League final. However, he suffered multiple injuries. In January 2026, Bijlow signed for Genoa.

Having played for multiple national youth teams, Bijlow made his debut for the Netherlands national team in September 2021. He was later included in their squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2024 and the 2023 UEFA Nations League Finals, and has earned 8 caps.

2017 Johan Cruyff Shield
The 2017 Johan Cruyff Shield was the 22nd edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal), an annual Dutch football match played between the winners of the previous season's Eredivisie and KNVB Cup. The match was contested by Feyenoord, champions of the 2016–17 Eredivisie, and Vitesse, winners of the 2016–17 KNVB Cup. It was held at the De Kuip in Rotterdam on 5 August 2017.

Feyenoord won the match 4–2 on penalties, following a 1–1 draw at the end of regulation. It was the first time that the Johan Cruyff Shield was decided by a penalty shoot-out.

For the first time, the Johan Cruyff Shield was played at the stadium of the previous season's Eredivisie winner, instead of the default Amsterdam Arena.
Klokktinden
Klokktinden is a mountain in Nordland county, Norway.  The 863-metre (2,831 ft) tall mountain is located on the island of Moskenesøya, on the border of Flakstad Municipality and Moskenes Municipality, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the village of Reine. The mountain was first ascended in 1910 by Alf Bonnevie Bryn and Ferdinand Schjelderup.

Flakstad Municipality
Flakstad is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of the island group Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ramberg. Other villages in the municipality include Fredvang, Napp, Nusfjord, Sund, and Vareid.

The municipality is located in the Lofoten Islands and comprises the entire island of Flakstadøya and the northern part of the island of Moskenesøya, plus many smaller islets surrounding the main islands. The European route E10 highway runs across the whole municipality.

The 179-square-kilometre (69 sq mi) municipality is the 312th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Flakstad Municipality is the 318th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,229. The municipality's population density is 6.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 10.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Saksang
Saksang or sa-sang is a savory, spicy Indonesian dish from the  Batak people. It is made from minced pork or dog meat (or, more rarely, water buffalo meat) stewed in its blood, coconut milk and spices; including kaffir lime and bay leaves, coriander, shallot, garlic, chili pepper and Thai pepper, lemongrass, ginger, galangal, turmeric and andaliman (the fruit of a native shrub similar to Sichuan pepper).

Although saksang is widely consumed and familiar within Batak tribes' traditions, it is more often associated with Batak Toba. Saksang has special significance to the Bataks, as it is an obligatory dish in Batak marriage celebrations. Saksang, together with panggang, arsik and daun ubi tumbuk, are the essential dishes in Batak cuisine.

Arsik
Arsik is an Indonesian spicy fish dish of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people of North Sumatra, usually using the common carp (known in Indonesia as ikan mas or gold fish).

Distinctively Batak elements of the dish are the use of torch ginger fruit (asam cikala), and andaliman (similar to Sichuan pepper). Common Indonesian vegetables and spices such as shallots, garlic, ginger, fresh turmeric root and chili are also used.

Andaliman, essential for the distinctive taste of the dish, is known to grow only in the Batak highlands of North Tapanuli and Samosir, hence this dish is regarded as being specifically of the Batak Toba and Mandailing people, who dwell in these areas.