hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of East Germany
The economy of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany; GDR, DDR) was a command economy following the model of the Soviet Union based on the principles of Marxism-Leninism. Sharing many characteristics with fellow COMECON member states — the East German economy stood in stark contrast to the market and mixed economies of Western Europe and West Germany. The state established production targets, set prices, and also allocated resources, codifying these decisions in comprehensive plans. The means of production were almost entirely state-owned. The GDR had an above-average standard of living compared to other Eastern Bloc countries or the Soviet Union, and enjoyed favorable duty and tariff terms with the West German market; in 1989, it was estimated that 50 to 60% of its trade was with Western countries. However by the mid-1980s its economy had reached a state of stagnation, contributing to the process of German reunification.

New Course
The New Course (German: Neuer Kurs) was an  economic policy that aimed to improve the standard of living, increase the availability of consumer goods and lower the price of foodstuffs by returning small businesses and farms to the private sector in East Germany (the GDR).
Fluxus 1
Fluxus 1 is an artists' book edited and produced by the Lithuanian-American artist George Maciunas, containing works by a series of artists associated with Fluxus, the international collective of avant-garde artists primarily active in the 1960s and 1970s. Originally published in New York, 1964, the contents vary from edition to edition, but usually contain work by Ay-O, George Brecht, Alison Knowles, György Ligeti, Yoko Ono, Robert Watts and La Monte Young amongst many others.

The work has become famous as an early example of conceptual art, and as one of the defining products of the Fluxus collective.

George Maciunas
George Maciunas (English:  /məˈtʃuːnəs/; Lithuanian: Jurgis Mačiūnas; November 8, 1931 Kaunas – May 9, 1978 Boston, Massachusetts) was a Lithuanian American artist, art historian, and art organizer who was the founding member and central coordinator of Fluxus, an international community of artists, architects, composers, and designers. He is most famous for organizing and performing in early Fluxus Happenings and Festivals, for his Fluxus graphic art work, and for assembling a series of highly influential Fluxus artists' multiples.
Sandusky District
The Sandusky District is a railroad line owned and operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway in the U.S. state of Ohio. The line runs from Columbus north to Sandusky along a former Pennsylvania Railroad line. At its south end, it junctions or comes close to the Columbus District, Dayton District, and West Virginia Secondary. On the way to the Chicago Line at Sandusky, it meets the Chicago Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad (along which it has trackage rights) at Bucyrus and the Fostoria District and Cleveland District at Bellevue.

West Virginia Secondary
The West Virginia Secondary is a rail line that connects Columbus, Ohio, to Charleston, West Virginia, and beyond to the Gauley River valley, ending in Enon, West Virginia.  The line is about 250 miles long.  It crosses the Ohio River over the Point Pleasant Rail Bridge.

The line was built in the late 19th century in segments by several railroads, most notably the Toledo and Ohio Central Railway and Kanawha and Michigan Railroad.  These were all acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1910, and later passed to Penn Central and then Conrail.  In 1999 it became part of Norfolk Southern Railway.  The majority of the line was acquired by Watco to form the Kanawha River Railroad in 2016, with the exception of a 9-mile segment owned by CSX Transportation in southeastern Ohio known as the Pomeroy Subdivision.
Opel Omega
The Opel Omega is an executive car engineered and manufactured by German automaker Opel between 1986 and 2003. The first generation, the Omega A (1986–1994), superseded the Opel Rekord. It was voted European Car of the Year for 1987, and was available as a saloon or estate. The second generation, the Omega B, was manufactured from 1994 to 2003.

Rebadged variants of the Omega were marketed worldwide, including in North America as the Cadillac Catera, in Great Britain as the Vauxhall Omega, and South America as the Chevrolet Omega. As with the Rekord which preceded it, re-engineered versions of the Omega were manufactured in Australia from 1988 as the Holden Commodore (and its derivatives) since 1999. Commodore-based cars were in turn exported to South America as the Chevrolet Omega and to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina.

Production of the Omega was discontinued in 2003. It was succeeded by the Opel Signum.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
Qi Faren
Qi Faren (Chinese: 戚发轫; born 1933) is a Chinese aerospace engineer and the chief designer for Chinese spacecraft since the launch of the prototype Shenzhou crewed spacecraft in 1999.

Qi was born in 1933 in Wafangdian, Liaoning, China, and graduated from the Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1957. Qi took part in the research and design of the People's Republic of China's first satellite - the Dong Fang Hong I, which was successfully launched, and stayed in orbit, in 1970. He was then appointed the general designer of China's spacecraft in 1992, following the retirement of Qian Xuesen.

Qi is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the International Academy of Astronautics. He was inducted into the International Astronautical Federation Hall of Fame in 2019, the third Chinese inductee after Wang Xiji and Long Lehao. In 2020, he became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.

Wang Xiji
Wang Xiji (Chinese: 王希季; Wade–Giles: Wang Hsi-chi; born 26 July 1921) is a Chinese aerospace engineer. The chief designer of China's first sounding rocket (T-7), first space launch vehicle (Long March 1) and first recoverable satellites, he was awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal in 1999. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Astronautics, and was inducted into the International Astronautical Federation Hall of Fame in 2016. Wang turned 100 in July 2021.
Humewood–Cedarvale
Humewood–Cedarvale is an area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, consisting of Humewood in the south and Cedarvale in the north, divided by Vaughan Road and Cedarvale Ravine. The neighbourhood is bordered by Bathurst Street on the east, Eglinton Avenue to the north, Arlington Avenue to the west, and St. Clair Avenue to the south.  Humewood has also been known as "the Woods" because of its many streets that have names ending with "-wood", including Wychwood, Humewood, Cherrywood, Valewood, Maplewood, Wellwood, Kenwood, and Pinewood. The neighbourhood's main commercial areas are along St. Clair Ave. W., referred to as Hillcrest Village and along Eglinton Ave. W..

Bathurst Street (Toronto)
Bathurst Street is a main north–south arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It begins at an intersection of the Queens Quay roadway, just north of the Lake Ontario shoreline. It continues north through Toronto to the Toronto boundary at Steeles Avenue. It is a four-lane thoroughfare throughout Toronto. The street continues north into York Region where it is also designated York Regional Road 38, and ends in the Holland Marsh.
Maya blue
Maya blue (Spanish: azul maya) is a unique bright turquoise or azure blue pigment manufactured by cultures of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, such as the Mayas and Aztecs, during a period extending from approximately the 8th century to around 1860 CE. It is found in mural paintings on architectural buildings, ceramic pieces, sculptures, codices, and even in post-conquest Indochristian artworks and mural decorations.

Chaac
Chaac (also spelled Chac or, in Classic Mayan, Chaahk [t͡ʃaːhk]) is the name of the Maya god of rain, thunder, and lightning. With his lightning axe, Chaac strikes the clouds, causing them to produce thunder and rain. Chaac corresponds to Tlaloc among the Aztecs and Cocijo among the Zapotecs.
Dorothy Grafly
Dorothy Grafly (later Drummond) (July 29, 1896 – November 13, 1980) was an American journalist, art critic, author, curator and philanthropist. Grafly wrote extensively for a wide variety of newspapers and magazines, and was described in Time magazine as "the ablest art critic in the city" of Philadelphia.  Her book A History of the Philadelphia Print Club appeared in 1929. 
She served as the editor of Art Outlook (1943–1949) and the publisher and editor of Art in Focus (1949–1980).

From 1932 to 1945, Grafly was curator at the Drexel Museum and Picture Gallery.
In 1996, her biographical memoir of her father, sculptor Charles Grafly, was published along with an exhibition catalog, The sculptor's clay: Charles Grafly, 1862–1929, celebrating his studio collection which Grafly and her husband had donated to the Edwin A. Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
Marc Warren (golfer)
Marc Warren (born 1 April 1981) is a Scottish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour. He has won three European Tour victories in his career and finished 26th in the 2014 Race to Dubai, his strongest professional year. After a professional surge early in career, he endured a pair of challenging tournament losses in 2012 and 2013 before his strong 2014 showing.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo
Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo (1547–1607) was an Italian prelate, who was archbishop metropolitan of the Pisa Diocese.
He came from the noble family of Dal Pozzo Della Cisterna of Biella. He was the uncle of Cassiano dal Pozzo.

Between his many works, he ordered to build the homonym chapel in the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa (1594), he made the Collegio Puteano to host some students from Piedmont (1605) and he made cast the homonym bell in the leaning tower (1606).

A portrait bust of Dal Pozzo was made in 1622-4 by the noted Italian artist Gianlorenzo Bernini. It is now in the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Cassiano dal Pozzo
Cassiano dal Pozzo (1588 – 22 October 1657) was an Italian scholar and patron of arts. The secretary of Cardinal Francesco Barberini, he was an antiquary in the classicizing circle of Rome, and a long-term friend and patron of Nicolas Poussin, whom he supported from his earliest arrival in Rome: Poussin in a letter declared that he was "a disciple of the house and the museum of cavaliere dal Pozzo." A doctor with interests in the proto-science of alchemy, a correspondent of major figures like Galileo, a collector of books and master drawings, dal Pozzo was a node in the network of European scientific figures.
Barbara Nowacka
Barbara Anna Nowacka (born 10 May 1975) is a Polish politician who has served as Minister of National Education since December 2023. In October 2015 she became leader of the United Left coalition for the 2015 Polish parliamentary election, bringing together Labour Union, Your Movement, the Democratic Left Alliance, the Greens, and the Polish Socialist Party. Nowacka is the daughter of the late Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Policy Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka. Since 2016 she has been the leader of the Polish Initiative.

The Greens (Poland)
The Greens (Polish: Zieloni [ʑɛˈlɔ.ɲi]) is a political party in Poland.

It was formed in 2003 under the name "Greens 2004" and formally registered itself in February 2004. It supports principles of green politics, and liberalism; it has been described as centrist, centre-left, or left-wing. The party is an international member of the Global Greens, European member of European Green Party and cooperates with the European Greens–European Free Alliance in the European Parliament.
Agia Effimia
Agia Effimia (Greek: Αγία Ευφημία) is a village on the east coast of the island of Kefalonia (also spelled Cephalonia) in Greece. It was the seat of the former Pylaros municipality. It is a traditional fishing village centred on a small harbour. It contains a number of taverns, bars and shops, a traditional wood-fired bakery, as well as tourist accommodation and local residences. The main activity in the village is now centred on tourism. The harbour is popular with sailing holidays, and is the home to flotilla sailing groups. Many of the old buildings in Agia Efimia were destroyed in the 1953 earthquake, although a few original buildings survive. Its population is 638 (2021).

Cephalonia
Kefalonia or Cephalonia (Greek: Κεφαλονιά [kefaloˈɲa]), formerly also known as Kefallinia or Kephallenia (Κεφαλληνία), is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece and the 6th-largest island in Greece after Crete, Euboea, Lesbos, Rhodes and Chios. It is also a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region. It was a former Latin Catholic diocese Kefalonia–Zakynthos (Cefalonia–Zante) and short-lived titular see as just Kefalonia. The largest cities of Cephalonia are Argostoli and Lixouri.
La Promesa
La Promesa (English: The Vow) is a Spanish period television soap opera, based on an original idea by Josep Cister Rubio. It began airing in Spain on 12 January 2023 on La 1 of Televisión Española. Set in the fictional country estate of La Promesa, it depicts the lives of the aristocratic family of the marquises of Luján and their domestic servants, beginning in 1913.

On 25 November 2024, the series won the International Emmy Award for Best Telenovela.

International Emmy Award for Best Telenovela
The International Emmy Award for Best Telenovela is presented by the International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (IATAS) and recognizes excellence in telenovelas produced and originally aired outside the United States. The first International Emmy for Telenovela was presented at the 36th International Emmy Awards Gala in 2008, in New York City.
Rhinoceros (genus)
Rhinoceros is a genus comprising one-horned rhinoceroses. This scientific name was proposed by Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The genus contains two species, the Indian rhinoceros (R. unicornis) and the Javan rhinoceros (R. sondaicus). Although both members are threatened, the Javan rhinoceros is one of the most endangered large mammals in the world, with only 60 individuals surviving in Java (Indonesia).

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Oakdale, Dorset
Oakdale is a suburb and electoral ward of Poole in Dorset, England. The electoral ward, which also includes the Stanley Green neighbourhood, had a population of 11,192 at the 2021 census. It shares boundaries with Creekmoor, Poole Town Centre, Parkstone, Newtown and Canford Heath.

The main type of land use in Oakdale is residential. There are also small private businesses such as convenience stores, take away restaurants and pubs, as well as a Texaco petrol station. The parish church is St George's, built in 1959–60 to the designs of Potter and Hare. There is a large allotment area, several fields and two play parks for children.

The main road through Oakdale is Wimborne Road, part of the A35 road leading to Fleetsbridge to the north and Poole Town Centre to the south. The home ground of Poole Town F.C. is at Tatnam Farm, and located in Oakdale.

Creekmoor
Creekmoor is a suburb and electoral ward of Poole in Dorset, England. The ward, which also contains the Waterloo neighbourhood, has a population of 9,470. Bordered by the Upton Heath Nature Reserve and Upton Country Park, the area is mainly populated by families.
Chinese Massacre Cove
Chinese Massacre Cove is an area along the Snake River in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. It is located in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest and the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area, upriver from the Snake's confluence with the Imnaha River. In May 1887, it was the location of the Hells Canyon Massacre, where up to thirty-four Chinese gold miners were ambushed, murdered, and robbed.

Hells Canyon National Recreation Area
Hells Canyon National Recreation Area is a United States national recreation area on the borders of the U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service as part of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, the recreation area was established by Congress and signed by President Gerald Ford in late 1975 to protect the historic and archaeological values of the Hells Canyon area and the area of the Snake River between Hells Canyon Dam and the Oregon–Washington border.

Roughly 215,000 acres (335 mi2; 870 km2) of the recreation area are designated the Hells Canyon Wilderness. There are nearly 900 miles (1,400 km) of hiking trails in the recreation area. The largest portion of the area lies in eastern Wallowa County, Oregon. Smaller portions lie in southwestern Idaho County, Idaho, northwestern Adams County, Idaho, and northeastern Baker County, Oregon.

It was formally dedicated in 1976, in June in Idaho, and in late July in Oregon.
Stephen Lewis Secondary School (Vaughan)
Stephen Lewis Secondary School is a public semestered high school in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada administered by the York Region District School Board. Currently, the school enrols students in grades 9, 10, 11 and 12, all of which are from the "Vaughan Block 10" region. The school is named for Canadian statesman Stephen Lewis.

As of the 2023–2024 school year, Stephen Lewis Secondary School is the most populated high school in the York Region District School Board, based on official school-by-school enrolment reports.

The school opened for service on September 5, 2006, and was officially designated on May 8, 2007.

York Region District School Board
The York Region District School Board (YRDSB), briefly the English-language Public District School Board No. 16 in 1999, is the English-language public school board for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. The York Region District School Board is the province's third-largest school board after Toronto's TDSB and Peel's PDSB, with an enrolment of over 122,000 students. It is in the fastest-growing census division in Ontario and the third-fastest growing in Canada.

The public francophone (Conseil scolaire Viamonde), English Catholic (York Catholic District School Board), and French Catholic (Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir) communities of York Region also have their own publicly funded school boards and schools that operate in the same area.
Jirón Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa Street (Spanish: Jirón Santa Rosa) is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón de la Unión and continues until it reaches Miguel Grau Avenue.

Metropolitan Municipality of Lima
The Metropolitan Municipality of Lima (Spanish: Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima; MML) is the top-tier administrative and governing body of Lima, the capital and largest city of Peru. Governing both Lima Province and Lima District, it is the only provincial municipality under a special regime equal in status to a regional government.
2018–19 Sydney Thunder WBBL season
The 2018–19 Sydney Thunder Women's season was the fourth in the team's history. Coached by Joanne Broadbent and captained by Alex Blackwell, the Thunder finished second in the regular season of WBBL|04 and qualified for the playoffs. In an "incredible" semi-final, notable for a catch taken by Haidee Birkett on the last ball of the game to dismiss Nicola Carey, Sydney suffered a four-run defeat at the hands of the Brisbane Heat and were consequently eliminated from the tournament. It was thus the second-straight year in which they lost a knockout game to a lower-ranked opponent.

Nicola Carey
Nicola Jane Carey (born 10 September 1993) is an Australian cricketer who plays for the national cricket team as an all-rounder, batting left-handed and bowling right-arm medium pace. At the domestic level, she plays in the Women's National Cricket League for Tasmania and in the Women's Big Bash League for the Hobart Hurricanes. Until 2019, she played in those two competitions for the New South Wales Breakers and the Sydney Thunder, respectively.
9th G-15 summit
The 9th G-15 summit was held at Montego Bay in Jamaica on 10–12 February 1999.

The summit agenda of the Group of 15 (G-15) encompassed a range of issues.

The gathering brought together leaders, representatives and policymakers from non-aligned nations.  African G-15 nations are Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Zimbabwe. Those from Asia are India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. Latin American G-15 nations include Argentina, Brazil, Chile,  Jamaica, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.

Montego Bay
Montego Bay (Jamaican Patois: Mobay or Muhbay) is the capital of the parish of St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, after Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore, all of which form the Greater Kingston Metropolitan Area, home to more than half a million people. As a result, Montego Bay is the second-largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston.

Montego Bay is a popular tourist destination featuring duty-free shopping, a cruise line terminal and several beaches and resorts. The city is served by the Donald Sangster International Airport, the busiest airport in the Anglophone Caribbean, which is located within the official city limits. The city is enclosed in a watershed, drained by several rivers such as the Montego River. Montego Bay is referred to as "The Second City", "MoBay" or "Bay".