hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Mathushek
Frederick Mathushek (June 9, 1814 – November 9, 1891) was a piano maker who worked in Worms, Germany, and in New York City and New Haven, Connecticut, during the second half of the nineteenth century. His name was used by several different piano manufacturers through the 1950s, and was filed independently as a trademark for musical instruments in 2005 and 2008.

West Haven, Connecticut
West Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located on the coast of Long Island Sound. The city is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. At the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,584.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 11th Plymouth district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 11th Plymouth district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of Bristol County and Plymouth County. Democrat Rita Mendes of Easton has represented the district since 2023.

Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).
Point process notation
In probability and statistics,  point process notation comprises the range of mathematical notation used to symbolically represent random objects known as point processes, which are used in related fields such as stochastic geometry, spatial statistics and continuum percolation theory and frequently serve as mathematical models of random phenomena, representable as points, in time, space or both.

The notation varies due to the histories of certain mathematical fields and the different interpretations of point processes,  and borrows notation from mathematical areas of study such as measure theory and set theory.

Random measure
In probability theory, a random measure is a measure-valued random element. Random measures are for example used in the theory of random processes, where they form many important point processes such as Poisson point processes and Cox processes.
Genicular arteries
The genicular arteries (from Latin geniculum, "knee") are six arteries in the human leg, five of which are branches of the popliteal artery, that anastomose in the knee region in the patellar network or genicular anastomosis. They supply blood to the patella, together with contributions from the descending genicular artery, anterior tibial recurrent artery, and descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery.

The descending genicular artery also known as the highest genicular artery is the only genicular artery to arise from the femoral artery and has the most superior or proximal origin of all six genicular arteries.

Anterior tibial recurrent artery
The anterior tibial recurrent artery is a small artery in the leg. It arises from the anterior tibial artery, as soon as that vessel has passed through the interosseous space. It ascends in the tibialis anterior muscle, ramifies on the front and sides of the knee-joint, and assists in the formation of the patellar plexus by anastomosing with the genicular branches of the popliteal, and with the highest genicular artery.
Panggisari
Panggisari (Indonesian pronunciation: [paŋɡiˈsari]) is a village in Mandiraja Town, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. It had an area of 259.74 hectares and a population of 4,251 inhabitants in 2010.

Banjarnegara Regency
Banjarnegara (Indonesian: Kabupaten Banjarnegara, pronounced [kabuˌpat̪ɛn baɲd͡ʒarnəˈɡara]; Javanese: Kabupatèn Banjarnegara) is an inland regency (kabupaten) in the southwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. The regency covers an area of 1,069.71 km2, and it had a population of 868,913 at the 2010 Census and 1,017,767 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,071,977 (comprising 545,513 males and 526,464 females). The majority speak the Banyumasan dialect of Javanese. Its capital is the town of Banjarnegara.
MESM
MESM (Ukrainian: MEOM, Мала Електронна Обчислювальна Машина; Russian: МЭСМ, Малая Электронно-Счетная Машина; 'Small Electronic Calculating Machine') was the first universally programmable electronic computer in the Soviet Union. By some authors, it was also depicted as the first one in continental Europe, even though the electromechanical computers Zuse Z4 and the Swedish BARK preceded it.

BARK (computer)
BARK (Swedish: Binär Aritmetisk (Automatisk) Relä-Kalkylator, lit. 'Binary Arithmetic (Automatic) Relay Calculator') was an early electromechanical computer built in 1950. BARK was built using standard telephone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine. It could perform addition in 150 ms and multiplication in 250 ms. It had a memory with 50 registers and 100 constants. The memory was later expanded to twice that. Howard Aiken stated in reference to BARK "This is the first computer I have seen outside Harvard that actually works."
Alkemade
Alkemade (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑlkəˈmaːdə] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Before its merger with Jacobswoude, the municipality covered an area of 30.91 km2 (11.93 sq mi) of which 3.94 km2 (1.52 sq mi) is water. It had a population of 14,481 in 2004.

The municipality of Alkemade comprised the communities of Kaag, Nieuwe Wetering, Oud Ade, Oude Wetering, Rijpwetering, and Roelofarendsveen. There is no settlement called Alkemade itself.

The municipality has many greenhouses and 13 windmills, one of which dates from 1632. Water sports are popular here because of its location on the lakes Kagerplassen and Braassemermeer.

On January 1, 2009, Alkemade and Jacobswoude merged and formed the new municipality of Kaag en Braassem.

Oud Ade
Oud Ade (also: Oud-Ade) is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Kaag en Braassem, and lies about 7 km east of Leiden.

The village was first mentioned in 1395 or 1396 "Ecclesia de A". The current name means "the old river". Oud Ade developed as a peat excavation settlement, but remained a small linear settlement. It developed into the village in the 1960s by the addition of planned neighbourhoods. The Catholic St Bavo Church was built in 1868.
Wang algebra
In algebra and network theory, a Wang algebra is a commutative algebra , over a field or (more generally) a commutative unital ring, in which  has two additional properties:(Rule i) For all elements x of  , x + x = 0 (universal additive nilpotency of degree 1).(Rule ii) For all elements x of , x⋅x = 0 (universal multiplicative nilpotency of degree 1).

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Sopade reports
The Sopade reports, officially Germany reports of the Sopade (Deutschland-Berichte der Sopade), were a series of reports published by the executive committee of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in exile (Sopade) between 1934 and 1940 about the situation in Nazi Germany. The Sopade organized in the countries bordering Germany and relied on its illegal organization inside Germany for information. Initially the reports were published in Prague, Czechoslovakia, but in 1938 the Sopade relocated to Paris, France. The Sopade reports are considered a valuable although biased source on public opinion in the Nazi dictatorship, along with the Security Service reports.

Sopade
SoPaDe (Social Democratic Party of Germany in exile; Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands im Exil), also written Sopade or SOPADE, German pronunciation: [ˌzopaˈdeː]) was the name of the board of directors (Vorstand) of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in exile during Nazi Rule. It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, in Paris from 1938 to 1940, and in London until 1945. SoPaDe was also sometime a name for the entire group of employees and followers.
Csordapásztorok
"Csordapásztorok" ("Shepherds" in English) is one of the oldest Hungarian Christmas carols.

Its lyrics (with the note "old song") can be found in Benedek Szőlősy's book, the Cantus Catholici, which was first published in 1651. Its music was first recorded in the Deák-Szentes manuscript, which was written between 1741 and 1774 by Mózes Szentes.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
Masters of Sex season 2
The second season of the American television drama series Masters of Sex premiered on July 13, 2014, and concluded on September 28, 2014. Showtime broadcast the twelve episode second season on Sundays at 10:00 pm (ET) in the United States. The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on May 5, 2015.

The series was developed for television by Michelle Ashford and is based on the biography Masters of Sex: The Life and Times of William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the Couple Who Taught America How to Love by Thomas Maier. Masters of Sex tells the story of Dr. William Masters (Michael Sheen) and Virginia Johnson (Lizzy Caplan), two pioneering researchers of human sexuality at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The second season takes place between 1958 and 1961.

Masters of Sex
Masters of Sex is an American period drama television series that premiered on September 29, 2013, on Showtime. It was developed by Michelle Ashford and loosely based on Thomas Maier's biography Masters of Sex. Set in the 1950s through the late 1960s, the series tells the story of Masters and Johnson (Dr. William Masters and Virginia Johnson) who are portrayed by Michael Sheen and Lizzy Caplan, respectively. The series has received critical acclaim. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Drama Series in 2013. The series was canceled by Showtime on November 30, 2016, after four seasons.
VisBug
VisBug is a Google open-source chromium extension toolbar. It was released in 2018 and was marketed as FireBug for frontend web design. It has tools for changing web page layouts and helps for doing small CSS edits.

Firebug (software)
Firebug is a discontinued free and open-source web browser extension for Mozilla Firefox that facilitated the live debugging, editing, and monitoring of any website's CSS, HTML, DOM, XHR, and JavaScript.
Comanche (horse)
Comanche was a mixed breed horse who survived the battle of the Little Bighorn. This battle fought during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 is largely remembered as Custer's Last Stand in which his company of 7th Cavalry Soldiers were killed by Northern Cheyenne and their Lakota allies. This battle took place on June 25th, 1876, in what is now the State of Montana.

Fort Abraham Lincoln
Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park is a North Dakota state park located 7 miles (11 km) south of Mandan, North Dakota, United States. The park is home to the replica Mandan On-A-Slant Indian Village and reconstructed military buildings including the Custer House.
Cold Newton
Cold Newton is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. It is situated about two miles from Tilton on the Hill and two miles north of Billesdon. Some 700 feet (210 m) above sea level, it overlooks the Wreake valley. Any population remaining is listed in the civil parish of Lowesby.

Billesdon
Billesdon is a village and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England, with a population of 745 according to the 2001 census, increasing  to 901 at the 2011 census.  It is just off the A47, nine miles east of Leicester. The Billesdon bypass opened in October 1986. Nearby places include Houghton on the Hill, Skeffington, Tilton on the Hill, and Gaulby. The Billesdon Brook flows through the village.

Billesdon was formerly the seat of Billesdon Rural District, which was merged into the Harborough district in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.
M15/42 tank
The Carro Armato M15/42 was the last Italian medium tank produced during World War II. It was based on the earlier M13/40 and M14/41 medium tanks, and was built with the lessons from the North African Campaign in mind. The tank was meant to be a stopgap until the heavier P26/40 tank could be produced in numbers.: 14  It did not serve in North Africa, the theatre in which it was intended to operate, but served in Italy and in Yugoslavia with the German Wehrmacht.

Breda 38
The Mitragliatrice Breda calibro 8 modello 38 per carri armati was an Italian tank-pattern machine gun used in the Second World War on the Fiat L6/40, the Fiat M11/39 and the Fiat M13/40. It was also adapted to act as an infantry machine gun. The M38 is based upon the Breda M37. The Breda 38 received the German identification code Kampfwagen-Maschinengewehr 350(i).
2020–21 Brisbane Heat WBBL season
The 2020–21 Brisbane Heat Women's season was the sixth in the team's history. Coached by Ashley Noffke and captained by Jess Jonassen, the Heat entered WBBL|06 as the double defending champions, having won both WBBL|04 and WBBL|05 titles. Playing the entirety of the tournament in a bio-secure Sydney hub due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they finished the regular season with seven-straight wins to claim second position on the points table, qualifying for the knockout stage. In a "crazy" semi-final encounter with the Sydney Thunder, the Heat suffered an "epic meltdown" to lose by twelve runs and have their hopes of a three-peat dashed.

Sydney Thunder (WBBL)
The Sydney Thunder are an Australian women's Twenty20 cricket team based in Drummoyne Oval, Sydney, New South Wales. They are one of two teams from Sydney to compete in the Women's Big Bash League, the other being the Sydney Sixers. The Thunder have claimed two WBBL titles, winning the league's inaugural championship and the 2020–21 title.
Message of Fátima Movement
The Message of Fátima Movement (Portuguese: Movimento da Mensagem de Fátima) is an association of the faithful in the Catholic Church, instituted by the Portuguese Episcopal Conference. The aim of the movement is to promote and spread the message of the apparitions of Our Lady of Fátima in 1917; to this aim, it bases its apostolic action in Portugal at the national, diocesan, and parish levels.

The superior religious guidance of the Movement is delegated on the Bishop of Leiria–Fátima, with the title of Assistant-General.

It was originally instituted on 20 April 1932, as the Pious Union "Crusaders of Our Lady of Fátima" (Pia União "Cruzados de Nossa Senhora de Fátima"). On 25 July 1984, the Portuguese Episcopal Conference approved new statutes that renamed it the "Crusaders of Fátima Movement" (Movimento dos Cruzados de Fátima). It gained its present name in 1997.

Association of the Christian faithful
In the Catholic Church, an association of the Christian faithful or simply association of the faithful (Latin: consociationes christifidelium), sometimes called a public association of the faithful, is a group of baptized persons, clerics or laity or both together, who, according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, jointly foster a more perfect life or promote public worship or Christian teaching, or who devote themselves to other works of the apostolate.

A 20th-century resurgence of interest in lay societies culminated in the Second Vatican Council, but lay ecclesial societies have long existed in forms such as sodalities (defined in the 1917 Code of Canon Law as associations of the faithful constituted as an organic body), confraternities (similarly defined as sodalities established for the promotion of public worship), medieval communes, and guilds.
Battle of Kashgar (1933)
In 1933 Battle of Kashgar (Chinese: 喀什戰役), Gen. Ma Zhancang signed a secret agreement with the daotai of Kashgar, Ma Shaowu, and his Chinese Muslim troops joined the Han Chinese garrison inside the yamen in Kashgar and helped them repulse Uighur and Kirghiz attacks led by Abdullah Bughra. Turkic Uighur and Kirghiz forces led by the Uighur Timur Beg had been attacking Chinese Muslim villages and pillaging them.  During the fighting Timur Beg was shot and then beheaded by Ma Zhancang's forces, his head being put on display at the Idgah mosque. When more Chinese Muslim troops arrived, they reinforced the Chinese garrison inside Kashgar. Osman Ali, the Kirghiz rebel, attempted to attack the yamen, but was driven back with heavy losses. He then proceeded to loot the city.

On September 26, 1933, the Syrian Arab Tawfiq Bay led a Turkic force against the Chinese Muslims in Kashgar new city. Ma Zhancang repulsed the attack after very heavy fighting, and wounded Tawfiq Bay.

Id Kah Mosque
The Id Kah Mosque (Uyghur: ھېيتگاھ مەسچىتى, romanized: Hëytgah Meschiti; Chinese: 艾提尕尔清真寺; pinyin: Àitígǎ'ěr Qīngzhēnsì; derived from Persian: عیدگاه, romanized: Eidgāh, lit. 'Place of Festivities') is a mosque in Kashgar, in the Xinjiang autonomous region of China. With the capacity of 20,000 worshipers inside the mosque and its sahn, it is the largest mosque in China.

Completed in the 15th century with subsequent renovations, during the 20th and 21st centuries the mosque was a key focal point for civil unrest centered on the Uyghurs, including the Xinjiang conflict and ongoing human rights abuses. The mosque has been mostly closed for worship since 2016 due to Chinese authorities' attempts to limit religious extremism and terrorism. It is only open to elderly worshipers on select holy days. As of March 2023, the mosque remained closed for worship, although it is open to tourists.
Deoxyguanosine
Deoxyguanosine is composed of the purine nucleobase guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose. It is similar to guanosine, but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2' position of the ribose sugar (making it deoxyribose). If a phosphate group is attached at the 5' position, it becomes deoxyguanosine monophosphate.

Deoxyguanosine is one of the four deoxyribonucleosides that make up DNA.

Guanine
Guanine (/ˈɡwɑːniːn/ ⓘ) (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleotide bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine.

With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. This unsaturated arrangement means the bicyclic molecule is planar.
2009 Polaris Music Prize
The 2009 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 21, 2009 in Toronto at the Masonic Temple and broadcast live online for the first time in its short history. The award's eligibility period for 2009 covered albums released between June 1, 2008 and May 31, 2009.

Initial coverage of the award's shortlist noted that six of the ten finalists were repeat nominees. K'naan, Malajube and Metric were all finalists in the 2006 shortlist, while Joel Plaskett, Chad VanGaalen and Patrick Watson were all part of the 2007 award, which Watson won. It was the first time in the award's four-year history that any artist was named to the shortlist for a second time.

2007 Polaris Music Prize
The 2007 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 24, 2007, at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto.

The winning album was Patrick Watson's Close to Paradise.

According to CBC News, "finalists were drawn from submissions by more than 170 music journalists, reviewers and broadcasters across Canada."
Access Bank Botswana
Access Bank Botswana, is a commercial bank formerly known as BancABC Botswana, that is headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. In October 2021, Access Bank Group concluded the acquisition of 78.15 percent shareholding in the stock of the erstwhile BancABC Botswana. The bank subsequently rebranded to its current name to reflect its shareholding. The shares of stock of Access Bank Botswana are traded on the Botswana Stock Exchange, under the symbol: ACCESS. The company shareholding amounting to 21.85 percent that is not controlled by Access Bank Group is free-floating on the BSE.

Access Bank Group
Access Bank Group is a financial services conglomerate, headquartered in Nigeria, with subsidiaries in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, The Gambia, Guinea, Cameroon, Sierra Leone, Malta, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, France and the United Kingdom. The group also maintains representative offices in China, India, Lebanon and United Arab Emirates.

In May 2023, the bank group opened an operational banking subsidiary in Paris, France. It is reported that the French subsidiary will first focus on funding trade finance between France and francophone Africa, before opening subsidiaries in French-speaking Africa. As of July 2021, the group serviced in excess of 42 million customers in Africa. After the merger of Access Bank Plc. and Diamond Bank on 1 April 2019, Access Bank Plc is now Africa’s largest bank by customer base, and the largest bank in Nigeria by assets.
Jirón Carabaya
Carabaya Street (Spanish: Jirón Carabaya) is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, an area of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón Áncash, and ends at Paseo de la República Avenue.

It runs parallel to Union Street and similarly connects the Plaza Mayor with the Plaza San Martín, ending at the Paseo de los Héroes Navales.

Plaza San Martín, Lima
San Martín Square (Spanish: Plaza San Martín) is one of the most representative public spaces of the city of Lima, Peru. It is located at the ninth block of Colmena avenue, within the Historic Centre of Lima which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1988 by UNESCO. It is located near the Plaza Mayor and is connected to it by the Jiron de la Union. Its central monument gives homage to Peru's liberator, José de San Martín.