hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relationship anarchy
Relationship anarchy (sometimes abbreviated RA) is the application of anarchist principles to interpersonal relationships. Its values include autonomy, anti-hierarchical practices, anti-normativity, and community interdependence. RA is explicitly anti-amatonormative and anti-mononormative and is commonly, but not always, non-monogamous. This is distinct from polyamory, solo poly, swinging, and other forms of “dating”, which may include structures such as amatonormativity, hierarchy of intimate relationships, and autonomy-limiting rules. It has also been interpreted as a new paradigm in which closeness and autonomy are no longer considered to create dilemmas within a relationship.

Mononormativity
Mononormativity or mono-normativity is the normative assumption that monogamy is healthier or more natural than ethical non-monogamy, as well as the societal enforcement of such an assumption. It has been widely tied to various forms of discrimination or bias against polyamory.

The term is also used to instead describe monosexual normativity, akin to monosexism.
Nur Mohammad (police officer)
Nur Mohammad is a member of parliament in Bangladesh from Kishorganj 2. He was earlier a Bangladeshi ambassador and also the inspector general of the Bangladesh Police during 2007–2010. In October 2012, he was appointed the youth and sports secretary by the government of Bangladesh.

Inspector General of Police (Bangladesh)
The Inspector General of Police (IGP) (Bengali: পুলিশের মহাপরিদর্শক, romanized: Pulisher Mohāporidôrśok) is the highest-ranking officer and professional head of the Bangladesh Police. The Inspector General of Police is responsible for the overall command, administration, and operational effectiveness of the national police force, overseeing law enforcement, public order, and internal security across the country.

The office is held by a senior officer of the Bangladesh Police and is appointed by the Government of Bangladesh under the supervision of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The IGP also coordinates with other security and law enforcement agencies to ensure public safety and effective policing nationwide.
Ballysteena
Ballysteena  (Irish: Baile an Stiabhnaigh) is a small townland in the barony of Ormond Lower in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is 0.74 square kilometres (0.29 sq mi) in area and located in the civil parish of Modreeny, close to the town of Cloughjordan.

Modreeny
Modreeny (Irish: Maigh Drithne) is a townland and a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary in Ireland situated on the R490 road between the towns of Borrisokane and Cloughjordan. Ormond Foxhounds are based at kennels at Modreeny.
J. O. Urmson
James Opie Urmson MC (4 March 1915 – 29 January 2012) was a British philosopher and classicist who spent most of his professional career at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a prolific author and expert on a number of topics including British analytic/linguistic philosophy, George Berkeley, ethics, and Greek philosophy (especially Aristotle).

J. L. Ackrill
John Lloyd Ackrill, FBA (30 December 1921 – 30 November 2007) was an English philosopher and classicist who specialized in Ancient Greek philosophy, especially the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Ackrill has been said to be, along with Gregory Vlastos and G. E. L. Owen, "one of the most important figures responsible for the upsurge of interest in ancient Greek philosophy among Anglo-American philosophers of the second half of this century".
Trevor Prangley
Trevor Prangley (born 24 August 1972) is a South African mixed martial artist. He has fought in the UFC, Strikeforce, Bellator, Dream, King of the Cage, MFC, the SFL, Shark Fights, and Bodog Fight. He competed in the Middleweight and Light Heavyweight divisions. He was the former King of the Cage Light Heavyweight Champion, the former Shark Fights Light Heavyweight Champion, and the former MFC Light Heavyweight Champion.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Discina (fungus)
Discina is a genus of ascomycete fungi related to the false morels of the genus Gyromitra. There are about 20 species in the genus. They bear dish- or cup-shaped fruit bodies. The best known member is the pig ear (D. ancilis), which is deemed edible after thorough cooking, although is viewed with suspicion given its relation to the highly toxic false morels.

False morel
The name false morel is given to several species of mushroom which bear a resemblance to the highly regarded true morels of the genus Morchella. Like Morchella, false morels are members of the Pezizales, but within that group represent several unrelated taxa scattered through the families Morchellaceae, Discinaceae, and Helvellaceae, with the epithet "false morel" most often ascribed to members of the genus Gyromitra.
DAESP
DAESP - Departamento Aeroviário do Estado de São Paulo (English: Airways Department of São Paulo State) was the São Paulo state (in Brazil) aviation department. DAESP was part of the Secretaria de Transportes do Governo do Estado de São Paulo (English: Transportation Secretariat of the State of São Paulo), and was responsible for the management of 21 public airports within the state, in accordance to directives from the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC).

It was created in 1963 as Diretoria de Aeroportos (English: Directorate of Airports) of the Secretaria de Viação e Obras Públicas (English: Public Works and Transit Secretariat). This Directorate was changed to DAESP in 1966.

DAESP was extinct on April 14, 2022.

National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil
The National Civil Aviation Agency (Portuguese: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil, ANAC) is the Brazilian civil aviation authority, created in 2005. It is headquartered in the Edifício Parque Cidade Corporate in Brasília. A part of the Brazilian Secretariat of Civil Aviation, the agency raised from the former Department of Civil Aviation (DAC) and the Civil Aviation Certification Division (Aeronautical Technical Center - CTA), the Brazilian aircraft certification authority. ANAC is responsible for regulating and overseeing civil aviation activities, aeronautics and aerodromes infrastructure.
Sarakatsani
The Sarakatsani (Greek: Σαρακατσάνοι), also called Karakachani (Bulgarian: каракачани), are an ethnic Greek population subgroup who were traditionally transhumant shepherds, native to Greece, with a smaller presence in neighbouring Bulgaria, southern Albania, and North Macedonia. Historically centred on the Pindus mountains and other mountain ranges in continental Greece, most Sarakatsani have abandoned the transhumant way of life and have been urbanised.

Varieties of Modern Greek
The linguistic varieties of Modern Greek can be classified along two principal dimensions. First, there is a long tradition of sociolectal variation between the natural, popular spoken language on the one hand and archaizing, learned written forms on the other. Second, there is regional variation between dialects. The competition between the popular and the learned registers (see Diglossia) culminated in the struggle between Dimotiki and Katharevousa during the 19th and 20th centuries. As for regional dialects, variation within the bulk of dialects of present-day Greece is not particularly strong, except for a number of outlying, highly divergent dialects spoken by isolated communities.
Söllingen
Söllingen is a municipality in the district of Helmstedt, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Municipality Söllingen includes the villages of Dobbeln, Söllingen and Wobeck. And since 1 November 2016, the former municipalities Ingeleben and Twieflingen are part of the municipality Söllingen.

Helmstedt (district)
Helmstedt is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Wolfenbüttel, the City of Braunschweig, the District of Gifhorn, the City of Wolfsburg and the State of Saxony-Anhalt (districts of Börde and Harz).
Chang Feng-hsu
Chang Feng-hsu (Chinese: 張豐緒; 5 August 1928 – 1 June 2014) was a Taiwanese politician.

Born in Pingtung County, he served on the Taiwan Provincial Council before becoming the  Pingtung County Magistrate in 1964. He was elected Mayor of Taipei in 1972, but served concurrently as county magistrate until 1973. In 1976, Chang was appointed Minister of the Interior, and stepped down in 1978. He later served as chairman of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee from 1987 to 1998.

He died in 2014, aged 85, at Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

Mayor of Taipei
The mayor of Taipei is the head of the Taipei City Government and is elected to a four-year term. Until the election of Tsai Ing-wen, the office was seen as a stepping stone to the presidency: presidents Lee Teng-hui, Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou have all held this position prior to being elected president.

Taipei was elevated as a special municipality from 1967. The mayor was a position appointed by the central government from 1967 to 1994, and the first public election for Mayor of Taipei was held in 1994.

The incumbent mayor is Chiang Wan-an, the great-grandson of Chiang Kai-shek.
2013 Kelly Cup playoffs
The 2013 Kelly Cup Playoffs of the ECHL started on April 5, 2013, following the end of the 2012–13 ECHL regular season. The playoff format changed from that of the 2012 postseason; 16 teams qualified for the playoffs, the top eight teams from both the Western Conference and the Eastern Conference. First-round series were scheduled as best-of-seven, where in prior years they were best-of-five.

2012 Kelly Cup playoffs
The 2012 Kelly Cup Playoffs of the ECHL started on April 2, 2012 following the end of the 2011–12 ECHL regular season. The playoff format remains unchanged from that of the 2011 postseason. 15 teams qualified for the playoffs, being the top seven teams from the Western Conference and the top eight teams from the Eastern Conference.
Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Tinicum Township, also known as Tinicum Island or The Island, is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,091 at the 2010 census, down from 4,353 at the 2000 census. Included within the township's boundaries are the communities of Essington and Lester.

John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is located in the township and attracts visitors year-round. Philadelphia International Airport's international terminal, the western end of the airfield, and runways 9L/27R and 9R/27L are also located in the township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Wisma BCA Salatiga
Wisma BCA Salatiga is a building proposed for potential designation as a cultural heritage site. It is located at No. 15 Diponegoro Street, Salatiga Village, Sidorejo District, Salatiga City, Central Java Province. During the gemeente (municipality) period, this structure served as a retreat house, symbolizing the characteristics of a modern city. As of 2025, the building remains well-preserved and continues to function as the office of Bank Central Asia (BCA) in Salatiga City.

Salatiga
Salatiga (Javanese: ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ) is a city in Central Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 54.98 km2 (21.23 sq mi) and had a population of 192,322 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 198,971 (comprising 98,571 males and 100,400 females). Located between the cities of Semarang and Surakarta, and administratively an independent city enclaved within Semarang Regency, it sits at the foot of Mount Merbabu (3,142 m (10,308 ft)) and Mount Telomoyo, and has a relatively cool climate due to its elevated position. Salatiga is a part of the Semarang metropolitan area.
Keokuk National Cemetery
Keokuk National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Keokuk in Lee County, Iowa. It encompasses 22.7 acres (9.2 ha), and as of 2021, had over 6,000 interments. It is administered by Rock Island National Cemetery.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Jacob Levin (chess player)
Jacob Levin  (February 18, 1904 – June 17, 1992) was an American chess master.

He reached the best results of his career in Ventnor City. He tied for 2nd–3rd in 1939 (Milton Hanauer won), was a winner in 1941, took second behind Daniel Yanofsky in 1942, tied for 5th–7th in 1943, and won again in 1944. He tied for 8–9th at New York 1942 (US Chess Championship, Samuel Reshevsky and Isaac Kashdan won), and took 4th at New York 1946 (US-ch, Reshevsky won).

Levin was a member of the U.S. reserve team in the famous United States vs. Soviet Union radio match in September 1945.

Daniel Yanofsky
Daniel Abraham "Abe" Yanofsky (March 25, 1925 – March 5, 2000) was a Canadian chess player, chess arbiter, writer, lawyer, and politician. An eight-time Canadian chess champion, Yanofsky was Canada's first grandmaster and the first grandmaster of the British Commonwealth.
Dulwich Old College War Memorial
The Dulwich Old College War Memorial is located in the forecourt of Dulwich Old College on College Road in Dulwich in the London Borough of Southwark. It marks the deaths of the former pupils of the college who died in the First World War between 1914 and 1919. The memorial is made from Hopton Wood stone and was designed by William Douglas Caröe. It was unveiled in 1921. It has been grade II listed on the National Heritage List for England since May 2010. The heritage listing places the memorial within a "visual and contextual relationship" with the Grade II listed Old College building and the entrance gates and piers of the Old College, also Grade II listed.

Dulwich College
Dulwich College is a 2–18 private, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. As a public school, it began as the College of God's Gift, founded in 1619 by Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars. It began to grow into a large school from 1857 and took its current form in 1870, when it moved into its current premises.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group.

Admission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. In the 2025 A-levels, the school saw 67.7% of its candidates score A*/A.
Morchella conica
Morchella conica is an old binomial name previously applied to species of fungi in the family Morchellaceae. It is one of three scientific names that had been commonly used to describe black morels, the others being M. angusticeps and M. elata. It was first introduced by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1818, as a superfluous name for the old taxon Morchella continua. According to Richard and colleagues, Fries’ sanctioning applies only at the subgeneric level and the name is illegitimate.

Throughout the years, the name M. conica has been invariably applied to many different species by different authors, and DNA analysis in 2014 revealed that morels identified as "M. conica" indeed belonged to Morchella deliciosa, Morchella purpurascens, Morchella tridentina, and Morchella vulgaris.

Morchellaceae
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species  distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.

Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the three genera Verpa, Morchella, and Disciotis to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae.
Virginia Ore Diggers
The Virginia Ore Diggers were a minor league baseball team based in Virginia, Minnesota. From 1913 to 1916, the "Ore Diggers" played exclusively as members of the Class C level Northern League. Virginia hosted minor league home games at Ewens Field.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Rube Waddell played for the 1913 Virginia Ore Diggers in his last professional season.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Stephen Hale Marsh
Stephen Hale Marsh was born in the United Kingdom and lived in other countries, including Japan, but thirty productive years of his career were spent in Australia. He gave popular lectures on music. He was fondly regarded as a pioneer of music. He taught singing in Sydney, where he was said to have raised the expectations of audiences. Although he was initially an ally of fellow composer Isaac Nathan, he later became a rival.

Marsh took part in the inauguration of the Victorian Academy of Music. Marsh wore his beard in the chin-strap style. He played and wrote music for the harp.

Isaac Nathan
Isaac Nathan (1792 – 15 January 1864) was a Jewish, English composer, musicologist, journalist and self-publicist, who has been called the "father of Australian music", having assisted the careers of numerous colonial musicians during his twenty year residence in Australia. He is best known for the success of his Hebrew Melodies (1815–1840) in London. However, he made significant contributions as a singing teacher and music historian and as a composer of opera in the Royal Theatres (1823–1833). After emigrating to Australia in 1840, Nathan wrote Australia's first operas and Australia's first contemporary song cycle which entangled fragments of Aboriginal songlines with European musical traditions. Nathan tailored compositions to the unique individual singing needs of his students and community choirs while using the Neapolitan bel canto pedagogical tradition that he inherited in London. Nathan's students include Dame Marie Carandini.
All-pass filter
An all-pass filter is a signal processing filter that passes all frequencies equally in gain, but changes the phase relationship among various frequencies. Most types of filter reduce the amplitude (i.e. the magnitude) of the signal applied to it for some values of frequency, whereas the all-pass filter allows all frequencies through without changes in level.

Complex plane
In mathematics, the complex plane is the plane formed by the complex numbers, with a Cartesian coordinate system such that the horizontal x-axis, called the real axis, is formed by the real numbers, and the vertical y-axis, called the imaginary axis, is formed by the imaginary numbers.

The complex plane allows for a geometric interpretation of complex numbers. Under addition, they add like vectors. The multiplication of two complex numbers can be expressed more easily in polar coordinates: the magnitude or modulus of the product is the product of the two absolute values, or moduli, and the angle or argument of the product is the sum of the two angles, or arguments. In particular, multiplication by a complex number of modulus 1 acts as a rotation.

The complex plane is sometimes called the Argand plane or Gauss plane.
Wrestling World 1997
Wrestling World 1997  was a professional wrestling television special event co-produced by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) promotions. It took place on January 4, 1997 in the Tokyo Dome. Officially, the show drew 62,500 spectators and $5,000,000 in ticket sales. The show featured 12 matches, including four matches that were promoted jointly with the BJW promotion and presented as a rivalry between the two promotions. The show featured 12 matches in total, including three title matches, two of which saw new champions crowned.

Tokyo Dome
Tokyo Dome (東京ドーム, Tōkyō Dōmu) is an indoor stadium in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. It was designed as a baseball stadium following its predecessor, Korakuen Stadium (whose former site is now occupied by the Tokyo Dome Hotel and a plaza for this stadium). In Japan, it is often used as a unit of size; for example, "the new construction is five times the size of Tokyo Dome."
Ulvi Mehdiyev
Ulvi Ramiz oglu Mehdiyev (Azerbaijani: Ülvi Ramiz oğlu Mehdiyev; January 30, 1985, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR) — Chairman of the State Agency for Public Service and Social Innovations under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

President of Azerbaijan
The president of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti) is the head of state of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Constitution states that the president is the embodiment of executive power, commander-in-chief, "representative of Azerbaijan in home and foreign policies", and "shall have the right of immunity [from prosecution]." The president rules through his executive office, the Presidential Administration, consisting of a group of secretaries and departmental ministers. Additionally, there is a Cabinet of Ministers regarding economic and social policy and a Security Council regarding foreign, military, and judicial matters.

The primary workplace is the presidential building (also known as the presidential apparatus) on Istiglaliyyat Street in Baku. Ilham Aliyev, son of the former president, Heydar, was elected the 4th and current president on 31 October 2003 after his father's resignation due to his deteriorating health.