hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Shuna
Al-Shuna  (Arabic: الشونة)  was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was ethnically cleansed and depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 30, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 6 km south of Safad, overlooking the deep gorge of Wadi al-'Amud.

Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Safad Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء صفد; Hebrew: נפת צפת) was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine before it was captured by Israel in 1948. It was located around the city of Safad. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Safed Subdistrict in the Northern District (Israel).
Charshi Hamam, Mytilene
The Çarşı Hamam (Greek: Τσαρσί Χαμάμ, in Turkish meaning "market bath") is an Ottoman bath (hamam) in the town of Mytilene in Lesbos, Greece.

It was probably built in the first quarter of the 19th century, and formed part of the nearby Yeni ("New") Mosque complex. As its name indicates, it was the main market bath for the local neighbourhood. Its layout follows the typical three-part procession from cold to warm found in Ottoman and Roman baths. The bath underwent a restoration in 2000–2001 and is open to the public for visits.

Yeni Mosque, Mytilene
The Yeni Mosque (Greek: Γενί Τζαμί, from Turkish: Yeni Cami, lit. 'New Mosque') is a former mosque in partial ruins, located in Mytilene on the island of Lesbos, in the North Aegean region of Greece. It was built in 1825 by local governor Mustafa Agha Koulaxiz, the largest and newest of the Ottoman era mosques on the island. The greater complex eventually included a madrasa, mufti's rooms, and a cemetery. In 1923, following the Balkan Wars, the Muslim population left Lesbos, and the mosque was abandoned. Over the decades it accumulated significant wear resulting in its roof collapsing. Some restoration works were completed in the early 2000s.
St. Joseph's Catholic Church (Springfield, Ohio)
St. Joseph's Church is a historic Catholic church in the city of Springfield, Ohio, United States.  Established in the 1880s to serve southeastern Springfield's growing Catholic population, it uses a tall Romanesque Revival church building, which was designed by a leading city architect; the building has been named a historic site.

Archdiocese of Cincinnati
The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the State of Ohio. The archbishop is Robert Casey. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.
1981 Dutch cabinet formation
A cabinet formation took place in Netherlands following the general election of 26 May 1981. The formation led to the inauguration of the second Van Agt cabinet on 11 September, composed of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the Labour Party (PvdA), and Democrats 66 (D'66). The cabinet fell shortly before the government statement, but was patched up within three weeks.

Communist Party of the Netherlands
The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland [kɔmyˈnɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi ˈneːdərlɑnt], CPN) was a communist party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party in 1991, forming the GroenLinks. Members opposed to the merger founded the New Communist Party of the Netherlands.
Duchess Maria Elisabeth in Bavaria
Duchess Maria Elisabeth Amalie Franziska in Bavaria (5 May 1784 – 1 June 1849) was a Duchess in Bavaria as a member of the Palatine Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen line of the House of Wittelsbach and through her marriage to Louis-Alexandre Berthier became Princess of Wagram and Princess of Neuchâtel.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
Slovenian Water Polo Championship
The Slovenian Water Polo Championship (Slovene: Državno prvenstvo v vaterpolu) is a water polo league in Slovenia. The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Water Polo Championship.

Yugoslav Water Polo Championship
The Yugoslav Water Polo Championship was the premier league competition for men's water polo clubs in Yugoslavia. Originally established in 1921 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, it ran for almost 20 years before being suspended due to the Second World War and the Invasion of Yugoslavia.

In 1945 it was re-established as the top water polo club competition in the communist SFR Yugoslavia. It ran until 1991 and was dissolved following the breakup of Yugoslavia and the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars.

Jug was the most successful club in the interwar period, winning 14 titles between 1925 and 1940. In the post-war period, Belgrade-based Partizan won 17 titles, followed by Jug with eight, Jadran Split with seven and Mladost with six.

Partizan and Mladost also had success in European competitions, with each winning the LEN Champions League seven times. Jug, KPK Korčula, Mornar and POŠK had also won LEN competitions.
Matoutan Park station
Matoutan Park Station (Chinese: 码头潭公园站) is a station on Line 1 and Line 6 of the Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 26, 2017. It is located in Dongxihu District.

It was originally planned as Jinshan Avenue Station (Chinese: 金山大道站).

Line 1 (Wuhan Metro)
Line 1 of the Wuhan Metro (Chinese: 武汉轨道交通一号线) is an elevated metro line in the city of Wuhan, Hubei. It is the longest continuous metro viaduct in the world. Line 1 opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the fifth city in mainland China to have a metro system after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. This is the first Metro line in China incorrectly referred to as a light rail (轻轨; qīngguǐ) line in Chinese terminology because it is elevated. Originally a branch line was planned to cross the Yangtze to Wuchang District via the Second Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. The Second Wuhan River Bridge even had a provision in the central median where Line 1 trains would run in anticipation for the branch line when it opened in 1995. However, by 2003 the reservation was removed to allow for more traffic lanes when the bridge was undergoing renovation.
2023 in reptile paleontology
This list of fossil reptiles described in 2023 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2023.

Endocast
An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.  Endocasts can be artificially made for examining the properties of a hollow, inaccessible space, or they may occur naturally through fossilization.
Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government
The Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government (BESAGG) was an American organization devoted to women's suffrage in Massachusetts. It was active from 1901 to 1920. Like the College Equal Suffrage League, it attracted younger, less risk-averse members than some of the more established organizations (such as the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association). BESAGG played an important role in the ratification of the 19th amendment in Massachusetts. After 1920, it became the Boston League of Women Voters.

College Equal Suffrage League
The College Equal Suffrage League (CESL) was an American woman suffrage organization founded in 1900 by Maud Wood Park and Inez Haynes Irwin (nee Gillmore), as a way to attract younger Americans to the women's rights movement. The League spurred the creation of college branches around the country and influenced the actions of other prominent groups such as National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
Apterostigma
Apterostigma is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae.

Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees. All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.
Adrián López
Adrián López Álvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðɾjan ˈlopeθ]; born 8 January 1988), known simply as Adrián, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is currently assistant manager at La Liga club Rayo Vallecano.

He amassed La Liga totals of 314 matches and 44 goals over 13 seasons, representing in the competition Deportivo, Málaga, Atlético Madrid, Villarreal and Osasuna and winning four major titles with the third club, including the 2013–14 league championship. In 2014 he signed with Porto from Portugal, being loaned several times during his contract.

Adrián earned two caps for Spain in 2012.

2013–14 UEFA Champions League
The 2013–14 UEFA Champions League was the 59th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 22nd season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League.

The final was played between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal, marking it the fifth final to feature two teams from the same association (after the finals of 2000, 2003, 2008, and 2013) and the first time in tournament history that both finalists were from the same city. Real Madrid, who eliminated the title holders, Bayern Munich, in the semi-finals, won in extra time, giving them a record-extending 10th title in the competition. Real equalized late in the second half through Sergio Ramos and then pulled away during extra time to win 4–1.

For the first time, the clubs who qualified for the group stage also qualified for the newly formed 2013–14 UEFA Youth League, a competition available to players aged 19 or under.
1977 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 1977 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 3–5. North Carolina defeated Virginia, 75–69, to win the championship. John Kuester of North Carolina was named the tournament MVP.

ACC men's basketball tournament
The ACC men's basketball tournament (popularly known as the ACC tournament) is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). It has been held every year since the ACC's first basketball season concluded in 1954 (with the 2020 tournament only being partially completed due to  the COVID-19 pandemic). The ACC tournament is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA men's tournament.
Fire & Damnation
Fire & Damnation is the third studio album by the German thrash metal band Exumer. It was released 25 years after the band's previous album, Rising from the Sea (1987), on 6 April 2012 through Metal Blade Records.

The album was engineered and produced by Waldemar Sorychta. Drums were recorded at Waldstreetsound Studio in Dortmund, all guitars and vocals were recorded at Sonarklang Studio in Haltern. Fire & Damnation was mixed by Sorychta and Dennis Koehne at Flying Pigs Studio in Schwerte.

The album features a re-recording of "Fallen Saint" from Possessed by Fire (1987).

Rising from the Sea
Rising from the Sea is the second studio album by the German thrash metal band Exumer. It was released on 21 July 1987 through Disaster Records. The album was produced by Tommy Ziegler and Exumer at Zuckerfabrik Studio in Stuttgart.
History of computing
The history of computing extends beyond the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology including earlier methods that relied on pen and paper or chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables.

Floating point operations per second
Floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or flop/s) is a measure of computer performance in computing, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than instructions per second.
Kleinschmalkalden
Kleinschmalkalden is a village on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest in Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen of Thuringia, Germany. In 2006 it joined the neighbouring municipality Floh-Seligenthal.

Schmalkalden
Schmalkalden (German pronunciation: [ʃmalˈkaldn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in the southwest of the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest at the Schmalkalde river, a tributary to the Werra. As of 31 December 2022, the town had a population of 20,065.
Salva veritate
In philosophy, salva veritate (or intersubstitutivity) is the logical condition by which two expressions may be interchanged without altering the truth-value of statements in which the expressions occur. Substitution salva veritate of co-extensional terms can fail in opaque contexts.

The literal translation of the Latin "salva veritate" is "with (or by) unharmed truth", using ablative of manner: "salva" meaning "rescue," "salvation," or "welfare," and "veritate" meaning "reality" or "truth".

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
Sundby Boldklub
Sundby Boldklub (abbreviated Sundby BK or SB) is a Danish football club based in the district of Sundby, Amager Vest, Copenhagen. As of the 2024-25 season, the club plays in 3rd Division, the fourth tier of the Danish football league system. The club plays homegames at Kløvermarkens Idrætsanlæg while the men’s senior plays at Sundby Idrætspark.

Sundby, Copenhagen
Sundby is a neighbourhood on Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is often also referred to as Sundbyerne (plural form) since a distinction is traditionally made between Sundbyvester (Sundby West) and Sundbyøster (Sundby East), located on each their side of Amagerbrogade.
Verónica Palenque
Verónica Palenque Yanguas (born 25 July 1967) is a Bolivian psychologist, businesswoman, journalist, television presenter, university professor, and politician. She is the eldest daughter of politician and journalist Carlos Palenque (El Compadre). She is currently the general manager of Palenque Comunicaciones, a holding company that includes Radio Carlos Palenque AM 1,200, a monthly magazine and Palenque TV (Channel 47).

Carlos Palenque
Carlos Palenque (28 June 1944, La Paz – 8 March 1997) was a Bolivian musician, singer and politician known to his fans as the Compadre. He died of a heart attack. He was the founder of RTP and CONDEPA, and a presidential candidate in 1989 and 1993.
USS Jekyl
USS Jekyl (AG-135/AKL-6) was a Camano-class cargo ship constructed for the U.S. Army as USA FS-282 shortly before the end of  World War II and later acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1947. She was configured as a transport and cargo ship and was assigned post-war to support various island outposts in the Pacific Ocean.

Camano-class cargo ship
The Camano class was a class of light cargo ships of the United States Navy. The fifteen ships of the class were originally built as Design 381 coastal freighters or Design 427 coastal freighters and were converted to light cargo ships during 1949 and 1950 after acquisition by the United States Navy.
Hendrick Cottage
Hendrick Cottage is a historic building in Simsbury, Connecticut, United States. Dating to around 1795, it is believed to have been built by John Poisson. In 1965, it was moved half a mile from its original location (on the north bank of Hop Brook facing West Street) to become part of the collection of nine buildings comprising the Massacoh Plantation, part of Simsbury Center Historic District. It is named for its last owner, Fanny Josephine Pomeroy Hendrick.

The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Simsbury Center Historic District
The Simsbury Center Historic District is a 75-acre (30 ha) historic district located in the town center area of Simsbury, Connecticut.  It encompasses seven blocks of Hopmeadow Street, as well as the cluster of commercial, civic, and residential buildings along Railroad, Station, and Wilcox Streets, and Phelps Lane.  Although its oldest element is the cemetery (established 1688), most of its buildings were built in the late 19th and early 20th century.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.: 2
Bathocuproine
Bathocuproine is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2(CH3)2C12H4N2. It is related to 1,10-phenanthroline by the placement of two methyl groups and two phenyl groups in the 2,9 and 4,7 positions, respectively.  Like 1,10-phenanthroline, bathocuproine is a bidentate chelating ligand.  The two methyl groups flank the nitrogen centers, such that bathocuproine is a bulky ligand.  It forms a monomeric 1:1 complex with nickel(II) chloride, whereas the less bulky parent phenanthroline forms a 2:1 complex.

This compound was first prepared by Case and Brennan in the early 1950s  is a pale yellow solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents.

Denticity
In coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin  dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex.  In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate. Ligands with more than one bonded atom are called multidentate or polydentate. The denticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter κ ('kappa').  For example, κ6-EDTA describes an EDTA ligand that coordinates through 6 non-contiguous atoms.

Denticity is different from hapticity because hapticity refers exclusively to ligands where the coordinating atoms are contiguous.  In these cases the η ('eta') notation is used. Bridging ligands use the μ ('mu') notation.
Möng Mit
Möng Mit (Shan: မိူင်းမိတ်ႈ; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥤᥖ), also known as Momeik (Burmese: မိုးမိတ်), was a Shan state in the Northern Shan States in what is today Burma. The capital was Mongmit town. The state included the townships of Mongmit and Kodaung (Kawdaw, now Mabein Township).

Hsipaw State
Hsipaw, also spelled Thibaw, was a Shan state located in what is now Myanmar (Burma). It was also commonly known as Ong Pawng or Onbaung after an old capital. It was centered around the town of Hsipaw, and was perhaps one of the most well known and powerful Shan States.
Prenalterol
Prenalterol, sold under the brand name Hyprenan, is a sympathomimetic agent and cardiac stimulant which acts as a β1-adrenergic receptor partial agonist and is used in the treatment of heart failure. It has selectivity for the β1-adrenergic receptor. Its partial agonist activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity is about 60%. It is said to have much greater impact on myocardial contractility than on heart rate. The drug has been marketed in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones. Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, delay premature labor, psychiatric conditions such as ADHD, neurological conditions such as narcolepsy, among other things.

These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.
German throne dispute
The German throne dispute or German throne controversy (German: Deutscher Thronstreit) was a political conflict in the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 to 1215. This dispute, between the House of Hohenstaufen and the House of Welf, was over the successor to Emperor Henry VI, who had just died. After a conflict lasting 17 years, the Hohenstaufen Frederick II prevailed.

Hoftag
A Hoftag (lit. 'court day', pl. Hoftage) was the name given to an informal and irregular assembly convened by the king of the Romans, the Holy Roman emperor or one of the princes of the Empire, with selected chief princes within the empire. Early scholarship also refers to these meetings as imperial diets (Reichstage), even though these gatherings were not really about the empire in general, but with matters concerning their individual rulers. In fact, the legal institution of the imperial diet appeared much later. In the early and high Middle Ages these assemblies were mostly held in the imperial palaces (Kaiserpfalz).
Ås, Akershus
Ås is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the Follo traditional region.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ås.  The parish of Aas was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Ås is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Akershus, with a population of 20,652 in 2020, and an increase of 539 in 2008. Ås is the largest agricultural municipality of Akershus, and home to the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the amusement park Tusenfryd.

Tusenfryd
Tusenfryd (lit. "Thousand Joys", also Common Daisy) is an amusement park at Vinterbro, Norway. The park is located 20 kilometers south of Oslo. Two of the longest motorway corridors in Norway, E6 and E18, meet nearby Tusenfryd and the park is located on the west side near where they meet.  SpeedMonster, SuperSplash, ThunderCoaster and SpaceShot make the park visible from the motorway. The park was officially opened on 11 June 1988, after a construction period of 18 months. The park is owned by Parques Reunidos S.A., located in Madrid, Spain. Bjørn Håvard Solli is the park's CEO. The park has 34 attractions and has 500,000 visitors per year.