hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noel Sanvicente
Noel 'Chita' Sanvicente Bethelmy (born 21 December 1964) is a Venezuelan football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of Zamora.

Sanvicente is a former head coach of the Venezuela national team. He is the most successful manager in the country's history, having won 13 national championship titles and one cup with four teams.

2009 Copa Venezuela
The 2009 Copa Venezuela was the 40th staging of the Copa Venezuela.

The competition started on September 2, 2009, and concluded on December 2, 2009, with a two leg final, in which Caracas FC won the trophy for the fifth time with a 3–0 win away and a 1–0 win at home over Trujillanos FC.
2024 Birmingham Bowl
The 2024 Birmingham Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 2024, at Protective Stadium located in Birmingham, Alabama. The 18th annual Birmingham Bowl featured Georgia Tech and Vanderbilt. The game began at approximately 2:30 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN. The Birmingham Bowl was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season.

2024–25 NCAA football bowl games
The 2024–25 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games in the United States, primarily played to complete the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Team-competitive bowl games in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) began on December 14, 2024, and concluded with the 2025 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 20, 2025. Several all-star games then followed.
Renzo Rossellini (composer)
Renzo Rossellini (2 February 1908 – 13 May 1982) was an Italian composer, music critic, and music educator. A prolific composer who wrote a wide range of music, he is best known for his 130  film scores, and for his 10 operas. He was educated at the Conservatorio Santa Cecilia in his native city of Rome, and was director of the Liceo Musicale, Varese (1934-1935). He taught music composition at the Pesaro Conservatory during World War II, and ended his career as artistic director of the Opéra de Monte-Carlo in the 1970s. He also wrote music criticism for Il Messaggero among other publications.

Paisan
Paisan (Italian: Paisà) is a 1946 Italian neorealist war drama film directed by Roberto Rossellini. In six independent episodes, it tells of the Liberation of Italy by the Allied forces during the late stage of World War II. The film premiered at the Venice International Film Festival and received numerous national and international prizes.

In 2008, the film was included in the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."
Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'
Ulmus 'Sapporo Autumn Gold' is one of the most commercially successful hybrid elm cultivars ever marketed, widely planted across North America and western Europe, although it has now been largely supplanted by more recent introductions. Arising from a chance crossing of the Japanese elm (female parent) and Siberian elm, seed was sent in 1958 by Prof. Nobuku Takahashi and his colleagues at the Sapporo Botanical Garden of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, to Eugene Smalley at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The patent issued in 1975 has expired, and there are now no propagation restrictions. However, the tree has proven weak-wooded on maturity, and its popularity has waned in Europe as a consequence of susceptibility to wind damage.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
Ardheslaig
Ardheslaig (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Heisleag) is a crofting settlement at the northern end of the Applecross peninsula in the Scottish Highlands. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Shieldaig on the shores of Loch Torridon. It is described as a "widely dispersed group of houses around the head of an inlet" to the loch and has no shops or local services.

Ardheslaig lies on the Applecross coast road from Shieldaig which was completed in 1975, allowing access to the peninsula along a low level route rather than via the Bealach na Bà mountain pass. Before the completion of the coast road there was limited vehicle access to Ardheslaig and other crofting townships along the north coast of the peninsula. The village of Kinlochewe is 20 miles (32 km) east. The nearest major town is Inverness, over 70 miles (110 km) by road to the east.

Applecross
Applecross (Scottish Gaelic: A' Chomraich [ə ˈxoməriç], 'The Sanctuary', historically anglicized as 'Combrich') is a peninsula in Wester Ross, in the Scottish Highlands. It is bounded by Loch Kishorn to the south, Loch Torridon to the north, and Glen Shieldaig to the east. On its western side is Applecross Bay and the Inner Sound. The peninsula is mountainous, sparsely populated, and has only two small roads joining the mainland. One of these roads traverses the famous Bealach na Bà. The former Celtic Christian monastery of Applecross was founded in the 7th century by Saint Máel Ruba, a missionary from Bangor Abbey in Gaelic Ireland; a sculptured stone is all that remains.
Kiełpino, Gryfice County
Kiełpino [kʲɛu̯ˈpinɔ] (German: Kolpin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brojce, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Brojce, 14 km (9 mi) east of Gryfice, and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 261.

Brojce
Brojce [ˈbrɔi̯t͡sɛ] is a village in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brojce. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Gryfice and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I around 967. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. From the 18th century, it formed part of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany. After Germany's defeat in World War II, it became again part of Poland.
Lumajang Regency
Lumajang Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦗꦁ) is a Regency (kabupaten) located in the East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,790.90 sq. km, and had a population of 1,006,458 at the 2010 Census and 1,119,251 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate for mid 2024 was 1,116,231 (comprising 554,003 males and 562,228 females). The regency shares its land borders with Jember Regency (to the east), Probolinggo Regency (to the north), and Malang Regency (to the west), while it borders the Indian Ocean to the south.

Probolinggo Regency
Probolinggo Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ, romanized: Kabupatèn Prabalingga) is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,696.17 sq. km, and had a population of 1,096,244 at the 2010 Census and 1,152,537 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,200,931 (comprising 592,531 males and 608,400 females). Its capital was formerly the city of Probolinggo, but (after that city became an independent administrative entity) the capital is now at the town of Kraksaan.
First Gulf of Sidra offensive
The First Gulf of Sidra offensive was the second major rebel offensive of the Libyan Civil War. It was mounted by anti-Gaddafi forces immediately after their victory in the Battle of Ajdabiya. The offensive was meant to have the rebel forces quickly reach Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte.

The operation was initially a success with the rebels taking almost 300 kilometres (190 miles) of coast along the Libyan Coastal Highway in just two days. However, by day three into the rebel advance, loyalist troops stopped their advance and the rebels were forced to retreat to their starting positions.

Ras Lanuf
Ras Lanuf (/ˌrɑːs ləˈnuːf/ (Arabic: راس لانوف Raʾs Lānūf, also: Ra’s al-Unūf )) is a Mediterranean town in northern Libya, on the Gulf of Sidra in Tripolitania. The town is also home to the Ra's Lanuf Refinery, completed in 1984, with a crude oil refining capacity of 220,000 bbl/d (35,000 m3/d). The oil refinery is operated by the Ra's Lanuf Oil & Gas Processing Company, a subsidiary of the state-owned National Oil Corporation. Additionally, the city houses the Ra's Lanuf petrochemical complex – a major oil terminal – and oil pipelines: the Amal–Ra's Lanuf, the Messla–Ra's Lanuf, and the Defa-Ra's Lanuf pipeline.
Salisbury Sixth Form College
Salisbury Sixth Form College (S6C) is a free school sixth form in the city of Salisbury in the English county of Wiltshire.

The college was established in 2014 and opened in temporary accommodation, before moving into a new purpose-built building on Tollgate Road in May 2016.

Salisbury Sixth Form College offers a range of A-levels as courses of study for students, as well as some BTECs and Cambridge Technicals. Facilities include an Achievement and Progress Centre for private study, purpose-designed science labs, a fitness suite, a fully equipped theatre, a dance studio with sprung flooring and a multi-use games area.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Social Encounter Party
Social Encounter Party (Spanish: Partido Encuentro Social, PES) was a Mexican conservative political party established on the national level in 2014 and dissolved in 2018. It was part of the coalition Juntos Haremos Historia with the National Regeneration Movement and Mexico's Labor Party for the 2018 Mexican election.

It preceded the Solidarity Encounter Party, established as its replacement in 2019 and granted national party status in 2020.

National Electoral Institute
The National Electoral Institute (Spanish: Instituto Nacional Electoral; INE), formerly the Federal Electoral Institute (Spanish: Instituto Federal Electoral; IFE), is an autonomous, public agency responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico: that is, those related to the election of the President of the United Mexican States, the members of the Congress of the Union as well as elections of authorities and representatives at local and state levels. The agency's president is Guadalupe Taddei Zavala, appointed in 2023 for a nine-year term.
Macromonomer
In polymer chemistry, a macromonomer (or macromer) is a macromolecule with one end-group that enables it to act as a reactive monomer and undergo further polymerization. Macromonomers will contribute a single repeat unit to a chain of the completed macromolecule.

Several macromonomers have been successfully synthesized utilizing various methods such as controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and copper-catalyzed "click" coupling.

Due to the larger size of macromonomers (as opposed to the size of regular monomers), synthetic challenges are brought about, giving reason for the analysis of polymerization mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that macromonomer polymerization kinetics and mechanisms can be significantly affected by the topological effect.

Macromonomers are also used in controlled graft copolymerization.

Repeat unit
A repeat unit or repeating unit , or mer, is a part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain (except for the end groups) by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace.

A repeat unit is sometimes called a mer (or mer unit) in polymer chemistry. "Mer" originates from the Greek word meros, which means "a part". The word polymer derives its meaning from this, which means "many mers". The mer is not the same thing as a monomer—a mer is a repeating unit within a larger molecule, whereas a monomer is an actual molecule that exists independently, either prior to polymerization or after decomposition.
UFC Fight Night: Błachowicz vs. Jacaré
UFC Fight Night: Błachowicz vs. Jacaré (also known as UFC Fight Night 164 and UFC on ESPN+ 22) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on November 16, 2019 at Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo, Brazil.

Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (English: Martial Arts Confrontation), better known by its initials KSW, is  widely considered to be the premier mixed martial arts organization in Poland and one of the leading in Europe.
Group 7 element
Group 7, numbered by IUPAC nomenclature, is a group of elements in the periodic table. It contains manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re) and bohrium (Bh). This group lies in the d-block of the periodic table, and are hence transition metals. This group is sometimes called the manganese group or manganese family after its lightest member; however, the group itself has not acquired a trivial name because it belongs to the broader grouping of the transition metals.

The group 7 elements tend to have a major group oxidation state (+7), although this trend is markedly less coherent than the previous groups. Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in their electron configurations, especially the outermost shells resulting in trends in chemical behavior. In nature, manganese is a fairly common element, whereas rhenium is rare, technetium only occurs in trace quantities, and bohrium is entirely synthetic.

Trirhenium nonachloride
Trirhenium nonachloride is a compound with the formula ReCl3, sometimes also written Re3Cl9.  It is a dark red hygroscopic solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents.  The compound is important in the history of inorganic chemistry as an early example of a cluster compound with metal-metal bonds.  It is used as a starting material for synthesis of other rhenium complexes.
Amos Atkinson Bliss
Amos Atkinson Bliss (November 16, 1830 – December 2, 1882) was a political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1867 to 1870.

He was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Isaac Bliss and Priscilla Read. He married a Miss Melvina Raworth, daughter of Ephraim Gordon Raworth and Carlisle Chappell in 1855. After her death, he remarried Lois Gross.  Bliss was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1867 by-election held after John Lewis was named to the province's Legislative Council.

John Lewis (New Brunswick politician)
John Lewis (August 27, 1804 – October 15, 1888) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick over much of the period from 1852 to 1867.

He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, the son of Ichabod Lewis and Rebecca Read, and educated there and in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1829, he married Lavinia Taylor; in 1864, Lewis married Mary Dickson, the widow of Captain William Bennett, after his first wife's death. He established himself as a merchant at Hillsborough in 1831. Lewis was a justice of the peace and served as a judge in the Inferior Court of Commons Pleas. He was also president of the Albert Railway for several years. In 1867, he was named to the Legislative Council of New Brunswick.

His son William James Lewis served in the provincial assembly and the Canadian House of Commons.
2018 in archosaur paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

The year 2018 in archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2018 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2018.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Celadet Alî Bedirxan
Celadet Alî Bedirxan (Kurdish: جەلادەت عەلی بەدرخان; 26 April 1893 – 15 July 1951), also known as Mîr Celadet, was a Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist and political activist. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French. He left Turkey in 1923 when the Kemalists declared a new republic. In 1927, at a Kurdish conference held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoybûn. He is known for having been the first modern linguist to compile and organise the grammar of the modern form of the Northern Kurdish language, Kurmanji, and having designed the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which is now the formal alphabet of Kurmanji and is also sometimes used for the other dialects of the Kurdish Language, having replaced the Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based and Armenian-based alphabets formerly used for Kurmanji.

Bohtan
Bohtan was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar in northern Mesopotamia (or northern Jazira). The official religion of this principality was Yezidism in 14th century, although the rulers eventually converted to Islam. Bohtan constituted the third major Yezidi enclave after Shekhan and Sinjar until the 19th century.
APRA Music Awards of 1996
The Australasian Performing Right Association Awards of 1996 (generally known as APRA Awards) are a series of awards held in May 1996. The APRA Music Awards were presented by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). APRA and AMCOS did not provide any awards in 1997, after the hiatus they resumed the annual ceremony in APRA Music Awards of 1998.

Only one classical music award was available in 1996: Most Performed Contemporary Classical Composition. APRA provided awards for "Best Television Theme", and "Best Film Score" in 1996. APRA and AMCOS also sponsored the Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC), which provided their own awards ceremony, from 1996 to 2000, with categories for film and TV composers.

APRA Awards (Australia)
The APRA Music Awards in Australia celebrate excellence in contemporary music, honoring songwriters and publishers who have achieved artistic excellence and outstanding success in their fields.

Several award ceremonies are run in Australia by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). In addition to the APRA Music Awards, APRA AMCOS, in association with the Australian Music Centre, presents awards for classical music, jazz and improvised music, experimental music and sound art, known as the Art Music Awards. It also runs, in association with the Australian Guild of Screen Composers (AGSC), the Screen Music Awards, to acknowledge excellence in the field of screen composition.
Hexacene
Hexacene is an aromatic compound consisting of six linearly-fused benzene rings. It is a blue-green, air-stable solid with low solubility.

Hexacene is one of a series of linear polycyclic molecules created by such aromatic ring fusions, a series termed acenes; the previous in the series is pentacene (with five fused rings) and the next is heptacene (with seven). It and other acenes and their derivatives have been investigated in potential applications related to organic semiconductors.  Like larger acenes, hexacene is poorly soluble, but derivatives have been prepared with improved solubility, such as 6,15-Bis(tri-t-butylsilylethynyl)hexacene, which melts with decomposition at 96 °C.

Organic semiconductor
Organic semiconductors are solids whose building blocks are pi-bonded molecules or polymers made up by carbon and hydrogen atoms and—at times—heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. They exist in the form of molecular crystals or amorphous thin films. In general, they are electrical insulators, but become semiconducting when charges are injected from appropriate electrodes or are introduced by doping or photoexcitation.
Pont Neuf station
Pont Neuf (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃ nœf]) is a station on Line 7 of the Paris Métro. Located in the heart of old Paris, it is connected to the Île de la Cité by the nearby Pont Neuf after which it is named. It opened in 1926 with the line's extension from Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre to Pont Marie.

Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre station
Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre (French pronunciation: [palɛ ʁwajal myze dy luvʁ]) is a station on Line 1 and Line 7 of the Paris Métro. Situated in the heart of the 1st arrondissement, it most notably serves the Palais-Royal, Comédie-Française and Louvre.
Safari TV
Safari TV is an Indian non-profit free to air television channel broadcasting in Malayalam language. It is an exploration channel based in Marangattupilly, Kottayam, Kerala. The channel is part of Safari Multimedia Pvt.Ltd, India. A TV channel running without advertising, Safari TV does not accept ads.

Safari showcases the world through travelogues, explorations and programs highlighting history.

Safari TV Channel has production facilities and studios in Marangattupilly and Marine Drive, Ernakulam.

Kottayam
Kottayam (IPA: [ko:ʈ:ajam]) is a city in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. It is the district headquarters of the district and is located about 151 km (93.8 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Kottayam has a population of 136,812 people, and a population density of 2,470/km2 (6,400/sq mi). 
Kottayam is also referred to as "the City of Letters"  as many of the first Malayalam daily newspapers, such as Deepika, Malayala Manorama, and Mangalam, were started and are headquartered in Kottayam, as are a number of publishing houses.