hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CO2SYS
CO2SYS is a family of software programs that calculate chemical equilibria for aquatic inorganic carbon species and parameters.  Their core function is to use any two of the four central inorganic carbon system parameters (pH, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide) to calculate various chemical properties of the system.  These programs are widely used by oceanographers and limnologists to understand and predict chemical equilibria in natural waters.

Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
It is the subject of study of equilibrium chemistry.
Glendale, Calgary
Glendale is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located south of 17th Avenue SW, east of Sarcee Trail and Signal Hill and west of 37 Street SW and Killarney. The Optimist Athletic Park is located in this community.

It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor.

The 45 Street CTrain Station is located on the northern portion of the community, with it being directly on the community boundary between Glendale and Westgate.

Signal Hill, Calgary
Signal Hill is a community in Calgary, Alberta. It contains the residential neighbourhoods of Sienna Hills and Signal Ridge. It is bounded by Sarcee Trail to the east, 17th Ave to the north, Stoney Trail to the south and 69th St to the west.

Battalion Park is established on the southern slopes of the hill and the shopping centres at Westhills Towne Centre, Signal Hill Centre, Westmarket Square and Signature Park Plaza serve the community. Located in the Signal Hill Centre area is a public library called Signal Hill, which serves the surrounding community.

The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1956, and Signal Hill was established in 1986. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 6 councillor Richard Pootmans, on a provincial level by Calgary West MLA Mike Ellis, and at federal level by Calgary Signal Hill MP David McKenzie.
Kotyaevka
Kotyaevka (Kazakh: Котяевка, Kotiaevka) is a small village situated on the right bank of the Kigash River in the Kurmangazy District of Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan. Geographical coordinates are: Latitude (DMS): 46° 32' 40 N, Longitude (DMS): 48° 45' 20 E.

It is located in 30 kilometers from Ganyushkino, administrative centre of Kurmangazy district. Kotyaevka is situated on the Kazakhstan's western border with Russia.

From October 2007 Kurmangazy single check-point has started to operate for all those crossing Kazakhstani-Russian border. The opening ceremony of the check point was held in September 2007 and was attended by Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov and his Kazakh counterpart Karim Massimov.

Kurmangazy, Atyrau Region
Kurmangazy (Kazakh: Құрманғазы, romanized: Qūrmanğazy pronounced [qʊrmɑ́nɢɑzə́]), known before 2018 as Ganyushkin (Kazakh: Ганюшкин, romanized: Ganiuşkin; Russian: Ганюшкино), is the administrative center of the Kurmangazy District, Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan. Kurmangazy is situated at 46°38'N, 49°08'E with an elevation of −23 m (−75 ft). Kurmangazy is in the west of Atyrau and close to the north shore of the Caspian Sea and the Kazakhstan–Russia border. It is in the area west of the Ural River and thus in the European part of Kazakhstan. Population: 12,750 (2009 census results); 12,419 (1999 census results). It was named after Kazakh composer Qūrmanğazy Sağyrbaev.
Käsespätzle
Käsespätzle (German for "spätzle with cheese", also called Käsknöpfle in Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein or Kasspatzl in Tyrol, Austria and Bavaria) is a traditional dish of the German regions of Swabia, Baden and Allgäu, and also in the Austrian regions Vorarlberg and Tyrol, as well as Liechtenstein and Switzerland.

Swabian cuisine
Swabian cuisine is native to Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany comprising great parts of Württemberg and the Bavarian part of Swabia. Swabian cuisine has a reputation for being rustic, but rich and hearty. Fresh egg pastas (e.g., Spätzle noodles or Maultaschen dumpling wrappers), soups, and sausages are among Swabia's best-known types of dishes, and Swabian cuisine tends to require broths or sauces; dishes are rarely "dry".
James Győr
James from the kindred Győr (Hungarian: Győr nembeli Jakab; died 1314 or 1315) was a Hungarian nobleman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as Master of the cupbearers in 1291. Also known as James of Óvár (Hungarian: Óvári Jakab) then James of Kéménd (Hungarian: Kéméndi Jakab) in contemporary documents, he was the progenitor of the Gyulai, Geszti and Kéméndi noble families.

Master of the cupbearers
The master of the cupbearers or master of the cup-bearers  (German: Königliche Oberst-Grossmundschenke, Hungarian: főpohárnok, Slovak: pohárnik and Latin: pincernarum regalium magistri or magister pincernarum) was one of the high officials of the royal household in the Kingdom of Hungary. Masters of the cupbearers were included among the "true barons" of the realm from around 1220.
Boonea
Boonea is a small genus of small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks.

This genus is currently placed in the subfamily Odostomiinae, of the family Pyramidellidae (according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)).

Boonea seminuda
Boonea seminuda is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

The preferred host of this ectoparasite is the common slipper shell Crepidula fornicata or the Atlantic bay scallop Argopecten irradians.
Ferries and steamboats of Lake Crescent, Washington
Ferries and steamboats of Lake Crescent, Washington were used for water transport of passengers and freight before highways were built in the area in the early 1920s.   Prior to highway construction, Lake Crescent was used as a route from Port Townsend into the northwestern part of the Olympic Peninsula.   Ferries, steamboats and similar water craft were built and used on the lake until the Olympic Highway was completed along the south shore of the lake in 1922.

U.S. Route 101 in Washington
U.S. Route 101 (US 101) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs along the West Coast from Los Angeles, California to Tumwater, Washington. Within the state of Washington, US 101 connects cities on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and encircles the Olympic Peninsula around the Olympic Mountains. It also serves as the main access for Olympic National Park, several state parks, and other scenic and recreational areas.

The highway enters from Oregon on the Astoria–Megler Bridge over the mouth of the Columbia River near Astoria, Oregon. From there, it runs for 366 miles (589 km) north through Ilwaco, Raymond, Aberdeen, Hoquiam, and Forks before turning east towards Port Angeles. US 101 turns south near Discovery Bay and continues along the Hood Canal through Shelton towards Olympia, where it becomes a freeway and terminates at Interstate 5 (I-5) in Tumwater.
Bob Rogers (SAAF officer)
Robert Harry Doherty Rogers   MMM DSO  (7 November 1921 – 3 June 2000) was a Chief of the South African Air Force. He joined the South African Air Force (SAAF) in 1940, and served in the Second World War and the Korean War. He subsequently rose through the ranks to become Chief of the SAAF. After his military career he entered politics and served as a Member of Parliament.

Military Merit Medal (South Africa)
The Military Merit Medal, post-nominal letters MMM, is a military decoration which was instituted in the Republic of South Africa on 9 October 1974 as the Chief of the Defence Force's Commendation Medal. It could be awarded to all ranks of the South African Defence Force for service of a high order.
Padri Filippini, Verona
The church of Padri Filippini, also known as the  Church of the Filippini, is a Neoclassical Catholic church in Verona, which like the older and neighboring church of San Fermo Maggiore is dedicated to the saints Fermo and Rustico.

San Fermo Maggiore, Verona
San Fermo Maggiore is a Romanesque and Gothic church in central Verona. It is dedicated to Saints Firmus and Rusticus, brothers who are local martyrs from the 3rd century.

The exterior has a roofline with pinnacles, and the church once held the tomb of a member of the Scaligers. The interior has many medieval frescos, as well as later decoration, including the Brenzoni Monument (discussed below), an altarpiece of St Francis of Assisi by Giovanni Battista Belloti, whilst Veronese's Bevilacqua-Lazise Altarpiece was originally painted for a funerary chapel in the church. A crucifixion on the counter-façade is one of Turone's most significant works.
Darley Mountain
Darley Mountain is a 13,260-foot-elevation (4,040-meter) mountain summit located on the shared boundary of Hinsdale County with Ouray County, in southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated five miles southeast of the community of Ouray, in the Uncompahgre Wilderness, on land managed by Uncompahgre National Forest. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains, and is west of the Continental Divide. Neighboring geographic features include Engineer Pass 0.6 mile to the southeast, Engineer Mountain 0.9 mile to the south, and nearest higher neighbor Wildhorse Peak 2.2 miles to the north. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1992 by the United States Board on Geographic Names to commemorate George Marshall Darley (1847–1917), pioneering minister of the San Juan Mountains, who founded and built the first church in western Colorado in Lake City in 1876. Lake City is approximately 16 miles east of this mountain.

Ouray, Colorado
Ouray (/ˈjʊəreɪ/ YOOR-ay) is a home rule municipality that is the county seat of Ouray County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 898 as of the 2020 census. The Ouray Post Office has the ZIP Code 81427. Located at an elevation of 7,792 feet (2,375 m), Ouray's climate, natural alpine environment, and scenery have earned it the nickname "Switzerland of America".
Codex Vaticanus 354
Codex Vaticanus 354, formerly called Codex Guelpherbytanus, is a Greek manuscript of the four Gospels written on parchment. It is designated by S or 028 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 1027 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. A colophon on the reverse side of folio 234 lists the production date as 949 CE. This manuscript is one of the four oldest New Testament manuscripts dated in this manner, and the only dated uncial. The manuscript has complex contents.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
2006 Campeonato Metropolitano de Fútbol Femenino (Peru)
The 2006 Campeonato Metropolitano de Fútbol Femenino season, was an amateur women's football championship, developed, organized, and promoted by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). Since JC Sport Girls won both the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, no playoff games were played and JC Sport Girls were declared as season champions. The UNE La Cantuta club withdrew before the start of the season.

Primera División Femenina (Peru)
The Primera División Femenina officially named Liga Femenina (currently known as Liga Femenina Apuesta Total 2025 for sponsorship reasons), is the top tournament of women's association football in Peru, organized by the Peruvian Football Federation through its Women's Football Commission. The competition, as an official tournament, was created in 1996 under de name of "Campeonato Metropolitano de Fútbol Femenino" (Metropolitan women's football championship), followed by the "Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Femenino" (Peruvian women's football championship) which was renamed later as "Copa Femenina" and currently is designated as "Liga Femenina". The champion qualifies to the Copa Libertadores Femenina.
TPG Inc.
TPG Inc., previously known as Texas Pacific Group and TPG Capital, is an American private equity firm based in Fort Worth, Texas. TPG manages investment funds in growth capital, venture capital, public equity, and debt investments. The firm invests in industries including consumer/retail, media and telecommunications, industrials, technology, travel, leisure, and health care.

Providence Equity
Providence Equity Partners (Providence) is a specialist private equity investment firm focused on media, communications, education, and technology investments across North America and Europe. The firm specializes in growth-oriented private equity investments and has invested in more than 170 companies globally since its inception in 1989.

The firm manages funds with over $31 billion in aggregate private equity capital commitments, making it a large global player in the private equity industry. Providence was one of the principal pioneers of a sector-based approach to private equity investing. The firm's eighth fund, Providence Equity Partners VIII, closed on $6 billion in 2019, above its $5 billion target. The prior fund, Providence VII, closed with $5 billion in 2013.

Providence is headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island with additional offices in New York, Boston, London and Atlanta.
Brooklin Paulista (São Paulo Metro)
Brooklin Paulista will be a monorail station of Line 17-Gold of ViaMobilidade, which is currently under construction, and will connect Line 9-Emerald to Congonhas Airport.

Brooklin Paulista station will be placed in the crossing of Avenida Jornalista Roberto Marinho with Rua Vicente Leporace.

Initially, in the São Paulo Metro expansion plans, Line 17-Gold should have been opened in 2014, connecting with São Paulo–Morumbi station of Line 4-Yellow, at the time that Morumbi Stadium was considered one of the hosts for 2014 FIFA World Cup.

After that, the promise of opening of the line was delayed to 2016, end of 2017, 2018, December 2020, mid of 2021, and, currently, to 2nd semester of 2022.

São Paulo–Morumbi (São Paulo Metro)
São Paulo-Morumbi is a metro station on Line 4-Yellow of the São Paulo Metro operated by ViaQuatro. It is localized in the crossing of Av. Professor Francisco Morato and Av. Jorge João Saad, in the district of Butantã, West Side of São Paulo, next to Morumbi Stadium.

The initial opening date was scheduled to 2012, being delayed to 2015, 2017, until it was finally opened on 27 October 2018, working in full time since 10 November 2018. Besides that, it was opened without the urban bus terminal, which was opened two months after the station, of 29 December 2018.

The construction of the station on Line 17-Gold was interrupted because of the lack of the State resources, being in phase of services rescheduling, conditioned to obtain budgetary allocation.
Kokura Airport
Kokura Airport (小倉空港, Kokura Kūkō), previously called Kitakyūshū Airport (北九州空港, Kitakyūshū Kūkō) until 2006, was a small airport in Kokura Minami-ku, Kitakyūshū, Japan. It is a Japanese airport established and managed by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

There used to be four flights to and from Tokyo Haneda every day. The runway was 1,600 m (5,249 ft) long, so only mid-sized aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 could use this airport, albeit with a reduced payload.

It is now commonly referred to as Kokura, its location, to distinguish it from the New Kitakyushu Airport (renamed Kitakyushu Airport in 2008), an offshore airport built on a man-made island in Suo nada, the most westerly part of the Seto Inland Sea. The new airport opened in March 2006, taking over the old airport codes (IATA: KKJ, ICAO: RJFR).

Kokura
Kokura (小倉, Kokura) is an ancient castle town and the center of modern Kitakyushu, Japan. Kokura is also the name of the penultimate station on the southbound San'yō Shinkansen line, which is owned by JR West.
Formation flying
Formation flying is the flight of multiple objects in coordination. Formation flying occurs in nature among flying and gliding animals, and is also conducted in human aviation, often in military aviation and air shows.

A multitude of studies have been performed on the performance benefits of aircraft flying in formation.

Drafting (aerodynamics)
Drafting, or slipstreaming, is an aerodynamic technique where two moving objects are aligning in a close group to  exploit the lead object's slipstream and thus reduce the overall effect of drag. Especially when high speeds are involved, as in motor racing and cycling, drafting can significantly reduce the paceline's average energy expenditure and can even slightly reduce the energy expenditure of the lead vehicle.
Harry Bloomfield
Harry Bloomfield (1883–1950) was an Australian pioneering rugby league footballer who played for the New South Wales team. He was the first captain for the NSWRFL foundation club Cumberland in the inaugural 1908 season. Bloomfield represented New South Wales on two occasions in 1908. For the second match of the 1908 Interstate series, the first against Queensland, Bloomfield was selected as New South Wales' fullback and kicked a goal in the Blues' victory. He was retained at fullback for the third game, another victory. The Cumberland club only lasted one year and Bloomfield then transferred to Western Suburbs for the 1909 NSWRFL season.

Bloomfield died at Homebush, New South Wales on 12 July 1950, aged 67.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Pingxi station (Nanhai Tram Line 1)
Pingxi station (Chinese: 平西站; pinyin: Píng Xī Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Pìngsāi Jaahm) is a light metro station on Nanhai Tram Line 1 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Nanhai District. It opened on 18 August 2021.

Line 1 (Nanhai Tram)
Nanhai Tram Line 1 (Chinese: 南海有轨电车1号线) or Nanhai New Transit (Chinese: 南海新交通) is a light metro line in Nanhai District, Foshan. The line uses light rail vehicles but has a completely grade-separated right-of-way and large, metro-style stations with platform screen doors when underground. Construction started in January 2014. The section from Leigang to Sanshan­xinchengbei opened on 18 August 2021, and the section from Sanshan­xinchengbei to Linyuedong opened on 29 November 2022.
Canada–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations
Canada and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) established diplomatic relations in 1960, following the DRC's independence. Canada maintains an embassy in Kinshasa, and the DRC has one in Ottawa.

Although Canadian links to the Congo date back to the Victorian era, formal involvement began in the 1940s with a push for closer commercial ties. In 1948, Canada appointed a trade commissioner to Léopoldville (now Kinshasa), and in the decades since, relations have generally been characterized by Canadian investment, development assistance, technical cooperation, and ongoing diplomatic engagement.

Bandundu Province
Bandundu is one of eleven former provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It bordered the provinces of Kinshasa and Bas-Congo to the west, Équateur to the north, and Kasai-Occidental to the east.  The provincial capital is also called Bandundu (formerly Banningstad/Banningville).
Petronax of Monte Cassino
Saint Petronax of Monte Cassino (Italian: Petronace di Monte Cassino) (May 1, 670 – May 6, 747), called "The Second Founder of Monte Cassino", was an Italian monk and abbot who rebuilt and repopulated the monastery of Monte Cassino, which had been destroyed by the invading Lombards in the late sixth century.

A native of Brescia, Petronax had made a pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Benedict in 717 after being advised to do so by Pope Gregory II.  Monte Cassino was a ruin, but there were a few hermits who had nevertheless remained there.  Petronax was elected their superior and other recruits soon joined the monastery.
Funds to restore the monastery came from noblemen such as the duke of Beneventum.  Petronax received the monastic rule written in Benedict's own hand from Pope Zachary.

Both Saint Willibald and Saint Sturmius of Fulda were monks under Petronax.

Willibald
Willibald (Latin: Willibaldus; c. 700 – c.787) was an 8th-century bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria.

Information about his life is largely drawn from the Hodoeporicon of Willibald, a text written in the 8th century by Huneberc, an Anglo-Saxon nun from Heidenheim am Hahnenkamm who knew Willibald and his brother personally. The text of the Hodoeporicon ("Itinerary") was dictated to Huneberc by Willibald shortly before he died.

Willibald's father was Richard the Pilgrim, and his mother Wuna of Wessex. His brother was Winibald and his sister was Walburga.

Willibald was well-travelled and the first known Englishman to visit the Holy Land. His shrine is at the Eichstätt Cathedral in Germany, where his body and relics from his journeys are preserved.

His feast day is 7 July.
Baltic states
The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, and the OECD. The three sovereign states on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea are sometimes referred to as the "Baltic nations", less often and in historical circumstances also as the "Baltic republics", the "Baltic lands", or simply the Baltics.

All three Baltic countries are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank and maintain a very high Human Development Index. The three governments engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. There is also frequent cooperation in foreign and security policy, defence, energy, and transportation.

Baltic Finnic peoples
The Baltic Finnic peoples, often simply referred to as the Finnic peoples, are the peoples inhabiting the Baltic Sea region in Northern and Eastern Europe who speak Finnic languages. They include the Finns, Estonians (including Võros and Setos), Karelians (including Ludes and Livvi), Veps, Izhorians, Votes, and Livonians. In some cases the Kvens, Ingrians, Tornedalians and speakers of Meänkieli are considered separate from the Finns.

The bulk of the Finnic peoples (more than 98%) are ethnic Finns and Estonians, who reside in the two independent Finnic nation states—Finland and Estonia.

Finnic peoples are also significant minority groups in neighbouring countries of Sweden, Norway and Russia, especially Karelia.
Pabeni
Pabeni is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Topi Tehsil
Topi is a tehsil of district Swabi in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is administratively subdivided into twenty Union Councils, including (1) Topi East, (2) Topi West, (3) Batakara, (4)Zarobai, (5) Kalabat, (6) Kotha, and (8) Maini.