hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gull Rock Light Station
The Gull Rock Light Station is an active lighthouse located on Gull Rock, just west of Manitou Island, off the tip of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula in Lake Superior. The light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, even as its condition deteriorated, resulting in its placement on the Lighthouse Digest Doomsday List.

Manitou Island (Michigan)
Manitou Island is a small island in Lake Superior, off the northeastern tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of Grant Township, in Keweenaw County. Located approximately three miles from the mainland, it encompasses around 1,000 acres (4.0 km2). Manitou has seen limited impact from human activity because of its remote location and the often-treacherous waters caused by a strong current at the peninsula's tip. It is mostly forested, with scattered bogs and an inland lake known as "Perch Lake". Dense underbrush can make travel around the island rather difficult, though a few unimproved trails do exist. The Keweenaw Land Trust protects 93 acres (0.38 km2) of the island as the Manitou Island Light Station Preserve.
Richard G. Colbert
Richard Gary Colbert (February 12, 1915 – December 2, 1973) was a four-star admiral in the United States Navy who served as President of the Naval War College from 1968 to 1971, and as commander in chief of all NATO forces in southern Europe from 1972 to 1973. He was nicknamed "Mr. International Navy" as one of the very few senior admirals in the U.S. Navy identified with international naval cooperation during the Cold War.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 and is presented to Sailors and Marines to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. The Navy Distinguished Service Medal was originally senior to the Navy Cross, until August 1942 when the precedence of the two decorations was reversed.  Currently, it is worn after the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and before the Silver Star Medal.
Rudolf Mansfeld
Rudolf Mansfeld (17 January 1901, Berlin – 1960) was a German botanist and agricultural scientist.

For more than twenty years, he served as a curator at the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum in Berlin-Dahlem, where he specialized in the study of Orchidaceae (orchids) and Euphorbiaceae (spurges). After World War II, by way of a request from agriculturalist Hans Stubbe (1902–1989), he accepted a position as a laboratory technician at the Gatersleben Institute. In 1949, he succeeded Werner Rothmaler (1908–1962) as departmental director. During his last ten years at Gatersleben, he was in charge of the department of systematics.

Werner Rothmaler
Werner Walter Hugo Paul Rothmaler (born 20 August 1908 in Sangerhausen, died 13 April 1962 in Leipzig) was a German botanist and from 1953 until 1962 head of the Institute for Agricultural Biology of the University of Greifswald. His areas of expertise included plant geography and systematics.
Chotecops
Chotecops is a genus of trilobites from the order Phacopida, suborder Phacopina, family Phacopidae. It was initially erected as a subgenus of Phacops but some later authors thought it distinctive enough to raise its status. Species assigned to this genus occur between the Emsian and the Famennian. Chotecops is the most abundant trilobite in the Hunsrück Slate and due to the excellent preservation, often soft tissue such as antennae and legs have been preserved as a thin sheet of pyrite.

Hunsrück Slate
The Hunsrück Slate (German: Hunsrück-Schiefer) is a Lower Devonian lithostratigraphic unit, a type of rock strata, in the German regions of the Hunsrück and Taunus. It is a lagerstätte famous for exceptional preservation of a highly diverse fossil fauna assemblage.
William Ingram (priest)
Christianity portal

William Clavell Ingram was an Anglican priest and the Dean of Peterborough in the Church of England from 1893 until his death in 1901.

Born on 11 August 1834 at Chedburgh, Suffolk, the son of Rev. George Ingram and Jane Kaines Clavell, he was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge,. He was a master at Lancing College then a chaplain to HM Forces before being appointed vicar of Kirk Michael, Isle of Man. From 1874, he was vicar of St Matthew's Church, Leicester before his elevation to the deanery. In 1900–1901, he wrote and published a biography of his friend, the Rev. Canon Henry Twells.

He died on 26 April 1901, and three years later a memorial to him was put in place at Peterborough Cathedral. The life-size marble effigy was carved by his brother Walter Rowlands Ingram. The monument stands in the south-east section close to the burial place of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Dean of Peterborough
The Dean of Peterborough is the head of the chapter at Peterborough Cathedral. On the Dissolution of Peterborough Abbey in 1539 and the abbey-church's refoundation as a cathedral for the new bishop and diocese of Peterborough, care for the abbey/cathedral church passed from an abbot to a dean. The current Dean of Peterborough is Chris Dalliston.
Al Centro de la Ciudad
Al Centro de la Ciudad (To the Center of Town) is the third album released by Colombian singer/composer Carlos Vives, released on June 6, 1989.

Vives was better known as a star of television soap operas at the time of its release. Songs such as "Aventurera" and "Te Extrañare" on telenovelas would give Vives further mainstream exposure, as well as notable attention from the public. It is his final album to feature synthesizer-romantic ballads, and pop, predating his Clásicos de la Provincia breakthrough in the vallenato genre.

No Podrás Escapar de Mí
No Podrás Escapar de Mí (English: You Won't Be Able to Escape from Me) is the second album released by Colombian singer/composer Carlos Vives. It was released in 1987, Vives was best known as the star of soap operas at the time of its release. The album contains romantic ballads and Rock music sung in Spanish. Vives embraced Vallenato later in his career. Although the title track reached number 30 in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks, the album was largely ignored by the public, and is a collector's item for fans.
Archaeodontosaurus
Archaeodontosaurus ("ancient-toothed lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. Its fossils were found in the Isalo III Formation of Madagascar. The type species, Archaeodontosaurus descouensi, was described in September 2005. The specific name honours the collector, Didier Descouens. It is a probable sauropod, with prosauropod-like teeth. It may be a basal member of Gravisauria.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Artynia
Artynia  or Aphnitis was the name of a swamp or lake  of Asia Minor mentioned by ancient geographers.

Its exact identity is uncertain.  The identification of Artynia with Aphnitis is due to Stephanus of Byzantium. Pliny places Artynia near Miletupolis, having the Rhyndacus river flow through it, so that Pliny's Artynia can be said to correspond to Aboulliond. Strabo mentions three lakes of Cyzicene, naming them after nearby cities: Lake Dascylitis near Dascylium, Miletopolitis near Miletupolis, and Apolloniatis near Apollonia. Lake Dascylitis is also given the name of Aphnitis.

Karacabey
Karacabey is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,158 km2, and its population is 84,907 (2022). It is located just west of the Simav River near its confluence with the Adirnaz River. The district of Karacabey borders the districts of Mudanya and Nilüfer from east, Mustafakemalpaşa and Susurluk from south, Manyas from southwest and Bandırma from west. It is sited on the ancient town of Miletopolis.

Karacabey is an industrial area as well as an agricultural one. It is known as the plantation area of a special variety of onions. There are many famous food factories around Karacabey such as Nestle and many varieties of vegetables and fruits are planted in Karacabey. There is a nearby lake called Uluabat. The Marmara Sea is 32 km to the north.
Shelopuginsky District
Shelopuginsky District (Russian: Шелопугинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai, and borders with Sretensky District in the north, Gazimuro-Zavodsky District in the east, Aleksandrovo-Zavodsky District in the south, and with Akshinsky District in the west.  The area of the district is 3,900 square kilometers (1,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shelopugino. Population: 8,369 (2010 census); 9,773 (2002 Census); 13,124 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shelopugino accounts for 39.1% of the district's total population.

Akshinsky District
Akshinsky District (Russian: Акшинский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Ononsky, Ulyotovsky, and Kyrinsky Districts of Zabaykalsky Krai, as well as with Mongolia. The area of the district is 7,400 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi).   Administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Aksha. Population: 10,682 (2010 Census); 12,080 (2002 Census); 14,695 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Aksha accounts for 36.9% of the district's total population.
P.O.5
P.O.5 (Party on Five) was a Sunday noontime musical variety show that aired on TV5. The show premiered on April 11, 2010, and was broadcast live from the Westside Studios at the Broadway Centrum in Quezon City. Unlike its rivals ASAP and Party Pilipinas, P.O.5 featured mini-game and talent search segments. It aired its last episode on February 20, 2011. It was succeeded by Fan*tastik.

Top Model
Top Model, also called Next Top Model, is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons (referred to as "cycles"). The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine. The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series, America's Next Top Model, which first aired in 2003 and was produced by Ken Mok's 10 by 10 Entertainment.
Katakura Kagenaga (2nd)
Katakura Kagenaga (片倉 景長, May 14, 1630 – July 9, 1681) was a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period, who served as a senior retainer of the Date clan of Sendai han. His childhood name was Sannosueke (三之助) later changed to Kojūrō. He bore the same name as his great-grandfather. The lord of Shiroishi Castle, Kagenaga was the third bearer of the common name Kojūrō. During the Date incident (Date-sōdō; 伊達騒動), he was a caretaker for the young daimyō, Kamechiyo (later Date Tsunamura). Upon receiving news of the actions of Harada Munesuke, Kagenaga immediately brought the domain to emergency footing, restraining any disorder from breaking out and saving the Sendai domain from the danger of being attaindered. However, as he was sickly, he resigned his post immediately following the incident's resolution.

Shiroishi Castle
Shiroishi Castle (白石城, Shiroishi-jō) is a flatland-style Japanese castle in what is now the city of Shiroishi, Miyagi. During the Edo period, it was the castle of the Katakura clan, who were hereditary retainers of the Date clan of Sendai Domain. During the Boshin War, it was also temporarily the headquarters of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. The castle was also known by the name of Masuda Castle (益田城, Masuda-jō)
Rudolf Steiner House
Rudolf Steiner House is a Grade II listed building near Regent's Park, London which is the home of the Anthroposophical Society of Great Britain.

The building was designed by Montague Wheeler in the expressionist style, and was constructed in stages between 1926 and 1937.

Expressionist architecture
Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany. Brick Expressionism is a special variant of this movement in western and northern Germany, as well as in the Netherlands (where it is known as the Amsterdam School).
Jutta Rantala
Jutta Kaarina Rebekka Rantala (Finnish: [ˈjutːɑ ˈrɑntɑlɑ]; born 10 November 1999) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Leicester City in the Women's Super League and the Finland national team.

Football Association of Finland
The Football Association of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Palloliitto, abbr. SPL; Swedish: Finlands Bollförbund) is the governing body of football and futsal in Finland. It was founded in Helsinki on 19 May 1907.

The SPL organises the men's and women's national football teams, and the second to ninth tiers of national football. The premier division Veikkausliiga is organised by a distinct organisation. The SPL is based in the Finnish capital city of Helsinki.
Follow the Yellow Brick Road
Follow the Yellow Brick Road is a television play by Dennis Potter, first broadcast in 1972 as part of BBC Two's The Sextet series of eight plays featuring the same six actors. The play's central theme is of popular culture becoming the inheritor of religious scripture, which anticipated Potter's later serial Pennies from Heaven. The play's title is taken from the song used in The Wizard of Oz, another version of which features in the incidental music.

Television play
A television play is a television programming genre which is a drama performance broadcast from a multi-camera television studio, usually live in the early days of television but later recorded to tape. This is in contrast to a television movie, which employs the single-camera setup of film production.
Toposa language
Toposa (also Akara, Kare, Kumi, Taposa, Topotha) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in South Sudan by the Toposa people.  Mutually intelligible language varieties include Jiye of South Sudan, Nyangatom of Ethiopia, Karimojong, Jie and Dodos of Uganda and Turkana of Kenya. Teso (spoken in both Kenya and Uganda) is lexically more distant.

Teso language
Teso (endonym Ateso) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken by the Teso people of Uganda and Kenya and some speakers are in South Sudan. It is part of the Teso–Turkana language cluster.

According to the 2012 Uganda population and housing census, over 11.57 million people in Uganda (66.7 percent of the total Uganda population) spoke Ateso. Also, an estimated 279,000 people in Kenya speak the language. Its ISO 639-3 code is teo.

Ateso is spoken in the Teso sub-region. Ateso is also known as Bakedi, Bakidi, Elgumi, Etossio, Ikumama, Iteso, Teso or Wamia. It is closely related to Turkana and Karamojong.
Chunaram Gobinda Memorial Government College
Chunaram Gobinda Memorial Government College formerly  Government General Degree College at Manbazar-II, Purulia is the first and, so far, the only government general degree college of the Purulia district.  Its journey began from the year 2015 under the purview of the Director of Public Instruction, Higher Education Department, Government of West Bengal. The college is affiliated to the Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia and offers several Under Graduate courses.

Sidho Kanho Birsha University
Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University (SKBU) is a public state university located in Purulia district of West Bengal, India. It was established under an Act of the West Bengal Legislature in April 2010. It offers different undergraduate and postgraduate courses in liberal arts.
Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard
The men's 3 metre springboard, also reported as springboard diving, was one of four diving events on the Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics programme. It was the 13th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Olympic Games since the 1908 Summer Olympics.

Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The diving competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City featured four events. It was one of three aquatic sports at the Games, along with swimming, and water polo.

The events were men's and women's versions of 3m springboard and 10m platform.

The diving competitions featured up to 81 athletes.
Sherim van Geffen
Sherim van Geffen (born 16 July 1993) is a Dutch figure skater who currently competes in ice dance with partner, Chelsea Verhaegh. With Verhaegh, he is a four-time Dutch national champion (2020–21, 2023, 2026), and has competed at the World Figure Skating Championships three times.

Bavarian Open
The Bavarian Open is an international figure skating competition held in February at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf, Germany. It is organized by the Skating Union of Bavaria. Since 2011, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
Idiocnemis bidentata
Idiocnemis bidentata is a species of damselfly in the family Platycnemididae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is known only from the province of Papua on the island of New Guinea. It is mostly limited to the Bird's Head Peninsula.

Males of the species have an abdomen up to 3.4 centimeters long; the females are slightly smaller. Males are brown to black in color with yellow markings and females are similar in color.

Little is known about the biology of the species.

Platycnemididae
The Platycnemididae are a family of damselflies.
They are known commonly as white-legged damselflies. There are over 400 species native to the Old World. The family is divided into several subfamilies.
Ed-Deir, Petra
Ed-Deir (Arabic: الدير, lit. 'The Monastery'), also spelled el-Deir and ad-Deir/ad-Dayr, is a monumental building carved out of rock in the ancient city of Petra in southern Jordan. The Deir was probably carved in the mid-first century AD.

Arguably one of the most iconic ancient Arab monuments in the Petra Archaeological Park, the monastery is located high in the hills northwest of the Petra city center. It is the second most commonly visited monument in Petra, after the Khazneh or "Treasury".

The huge façade, the inner chamber and the other structures next to it or in the wider area around the Deir probably originally served a complex religious purpose, and was possibly repurposed as a church in the Byzantine period.

Klinē
Klinai (Greek; sg.: κλίνη klinē), known in Latin as lectus triclinaris, were a type of ancient furniture used by the ancient Greeks in their symposia and by the ancient Romans in their somewhat different convivia.

In the later part of the Hellenistic period, an arrangement of three klinai positioned in a 'U' shape developed, which together formed the triclinium. Each kline of a triclinium offered room for three diners. The seating arrangement of the reclining dinner guests was given a strict significance.

A two-klinai arrangement created a biclinium, with the two couches either at a right angle or facing each other. Biclinium (pl.: biclinia) may also mean a dining couch for two persons in ancient Rome.
Gradescope
Gradescope (stylized as gradescope) is an American ed-tech company that offers online and AI-assisted grading tools for higher education. Founded in 2014, the company is headquartered in Berkeley, California. The company's grading software offers tools for grading written exams, homework assignments, and auto-grading submitted code. As of the 2020 school year Gradescope stated that over "25,000 educators" used their product.

In 2018, Gradescope announced it was being purchased by Turnitin for an undisclosed sum.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and many students taking classes from home, Gradescope released a LockDown Browser that prevented a user's device from visiting other sites while taking an online exam. The feature, though still in beta, was made available to academic institutions with an institutional site license on a request-only basis.

Turnitin
Turnitin (stylized as turnitin) is an Internet-based similarity detection service run by the American company Turnitin, LLC, a subsidiary of Advance Publications. The software as a service (SaaS) website sells automated checks of submitted documents against its database of prior submitted documents and the content of other websites to identify plagiarism. As of 2025, the company licenses access to its services to over 16,000 universities and high schools worldwide, with more than 71 million students enrolled, but as early as 2006, Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Stanford decided not to use Turnitin.
Church of St. John Nepomucene
The Church of St. John Nepomucene is a Roman Catholic parish located on East 66th Street and 1st Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. The founders of the church were recent immigrants from Slovakia, who began meeting in St. Brigid's Parish at  8th Street and Avenue B in about 1891 and established the Society of St. Matthew to organize their own parish.

The parish was established in 1895 from within St. Elizabeth of Hungary parish, which was centered on its church on 83rd Street. The church, school and rectory were built for $300,000.

First Avenue (Manhattan)
First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Houston Street northbound to 127th Street. At 125th Street, most traffic continues onto the Willis Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River, which continues into the Bronx. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Allen Street south to Division Street. Traffic on First Avenue runs northbound (uptown) only.
Texting while driving
Texting while driving, also called texting and driving, is the act of composing, sending, or reading text messages on a mobile phone while operating a motor vehicle. Texting while driving is considered extremely dangerous by many people, including authorities, and in some places has either been outlawed or restricted. As a form of distracted driving, texting while driving significantly increases the chances that a driver will be involved in a motor vehicle accident.

Text messaging
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablet computers, smartwatches, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network or may also be sent via satellite or Internet connection.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Rich Communication Services (RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and other icons), and on various instant messaging apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.