hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Engineering mathematics
Engineering Mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics, concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. Along with fields like engineering physics and engineering geology, both of which may belong in the wider category engineering science, engineering mathematics is an interdisciplinary subject motivated by engineers' needs both for practical, theoretical and other considerations outside their specialization, and to deal with constraints to be effective in their work.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Georges Jaloustre
Georges Cirgues Antoine Jaloustre (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ siʁɡ ɑ̃twan ʒalustʁ]; 26 October 1875 – 6 January 1951) was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1918 and 1919. He died on 6 January 1951 at the age of 75.

Minister of State (Monaco)
The minister of state (French: Ministre d'État; Monégasque: Ministru de Statu) is the head of government of Monaco, appointed by and subordinate to the Prince of Monaco, following a proposal by the Government of France.

During their term of office, the officeholder is responsible for directing the work of the government and in charge of foreign relations. As the monarch's representative, the prime minister also presides (with voting powers) over the Council of Government, directs the executive services and commands the police and military.
Haiyang, Hebei
Haiyang (simplified Chinese: 海阳; traditional Chinese: 海陽; pinyin: Hǎiyáng) is a town under the administration of Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China. As of 2020, it has 17 villages under its administration:

Haiyang First Village (海阳一村)

Haiyang Second Village (海阳二村)

Haiyang Third Village (海阳三村)

Haiyang Fourth Village (海阳四村)

Fanzhuang Village (范庄村)

Houzhuang Village (侯庄村)

Guogaozhuang Village (郭高庄村)

Liyuan Village (栗园村)

Lipanzhuang Village (鲤泮庄村)

Daweizhigang Village (大苇芝港村)

Xiaoweizhigang Village (小苇芝港村)

Wenjiawa Village (温家洼村)

Qingshishan Village (青石山村)

Daliying Village (大里营村)

Xiwangling Village (西王岭村)

Xitianjiagou Village (西田家沟村)

Xinzhouzhuang Village (新周庄村)

Qinhuangdao
39°53′18″N 119°31′13″E﻿ / ﻿39.8882°N 119.5202°E﻿ / 39.8882; 119.5202

Qinhuangdao (/ˈtʃɪnˈhwɑːŋˈdaʊ/; Chinese: 秦皇岛) is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city, about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2020 national census was 3,136,879, with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up (or 'metro') area made up of four urban districts.At the end of 2024, the total resident population of the city was 3,111,400, an increase of 0.4 thousand over the end of the previous year. Among them, the resident population of urban areas is 2,078,100.
Ankie Broekers-Knol
Anneke "Ankie" Broekers-Knol (born 23 November 1946) is a Dutch politician and jurist who served as State Secretary for Justice and Security in the Third Rutte cabinet from 11 June 2019 until 10 January 2022. She is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

She previously served as a member of the Senate from 2 October 2001 until 11 June 2019 and as President of the Senate from 2 July 2013 to 11 June 2019. Broekers-Knol was chair of the Senate's standing committee for Security and Justice. She used to be director of the Department of Moot Court and Advocacy at Leiden University. She started her political career as a municipal councillor of Bloemendaal (1986–1997) and became acting mayor of Bloemendaal on 1 October 2023.

President of the Senate (Netherlands)
The president of the Senate (Dutch: Voorzitter van de Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal) is one of the 75 members of the Senate of the Netherlands and is elected to lead its meetings and be its representative. The officeholder also chairs the Internal Committee (Huishoudelijke Commissie), the Committee of Senior Members (College van Senioren) as well as the joint sessions of both houses of the States General, the so-called Verenigde Vergadering.

Mei Li Vos has been serving as President since 7 October 2025.
Siege of Kakegawa
The 1569 siege of Kakegawa was one of many battles fought by Tokugawa Ieyasu campaign at Suruga province and Tōtōmi Province against Imagawa clan during Japan's Sengoku period.

Imagawa Ujizane, the son of the late Imagawa Yoshimoto, held Kakegawa castle at the time that it was besieged by Hattori Hanzō under the command of Tokugawa Ieyasu. After a five month siege, negotiations began, and Ujizane agreed to surrender the castle in return for the support of Ieyasu in regaining his former territory in Suruga province.

Tōtōmi Province
Tōtōmi Province (遠江国, Tōtōmi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [toː.toꜜː.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today western Shizuoka Prefecture. Tōtōmi bordered on Mikawa, Suruga and Shinano Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Enshū (遠州). The origin of its name is the old name of Lake Hamana.
Nicolás Suárez Province
Nicolás Suárez is one of the five provinces of the Bolivian Pando department and is situated in the department's northwestern parts. Its name honors Nicolás Suárez Callaú (1861-1940) who owned major parts of today's Pando and Beni Departments in the times of the caoutchouc-boom.

Nicolás Suárez Callaú
Nicolás Suárez Callaú (1851 in Portachuelo – 1940 in Cachuela Esperanza) set up a multinational rubber empire in South America at the beginning of the 20th century.

Attracted by the rubber boom, Nicolas Suárez with three of his brothers crossed the Andes at the end of the 19th century and founded Cachuela Esperanza at the rapids of Río Beni as a headquarters for the rubber export. In 1905, The India Rubber World reporter C.J. Post dubbed Nicolás as 'the Rockefeller of the Rubber Trade'.

During the heyday of the rubber boom, his empire had branches at Acre, Manaus, Belém, and London, and Nicolás Suárez Callaú owned 80,000 square kilometres of land in the Bolivian Beni and Pando departments, 50,000 heads of cattle and six steamboats.
Glossary of civil engineering
This glossary of civil engineering terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts pertaining specifically to civil engineering, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. For a more general overview of concepts within engineering as a whole, see Glossary of engineering.

Hydron
In chemistry, the hydron, informally called proton, is the cationic form of atomic hydrogen, represented with the symbol H+. The general term "hydron", endorsed by IUPAC, encompasses cations of hydrogen regardless of isotope: thus it refers collectively to protons (1H+) for the protium isotope, deuterons (2H+ or D+) for the deuterium isotope, and tritons (3H+ or T+) for the tritium isotope.

Unlike most other ions, the hydron consists only of a bare atomic nucleus.  The negatively charged counterpart of the hydron is the hydride anion, H−.
The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters
The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters is an American made-for-television family-comedy film, directed by Richard Bartlett, with a script written by Jean Shepherd. Produced by Olvia Tappan, the film is the second installment in the Ralph Parker franchise. Based on Shepherd's book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash and similar to all the other Parker Family films, the film depicts fictionalized events from his real-life childhood.

Released exclusively as it aired on American Playhouse, season one, episode ten, the film was met with moderately positive critical reception. In the years since, the film has been labeled as a 4th of July holiday movie classic film.

In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash
In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash is a collection of short stories by American humorist Jean Shepherd. It was first published in October 1966.

A best-seller at the time of its publication, it is considered Shepherd's most important published work. The work inspired several films in the Parker Family Saga, including A Christmas Story (1983) and My Summer Story (1994). Shepherd is the narrator in both films.
Lien Chen-tung
Lien Chen-tung (Chinese: 連震東; 23 April 1904 – 1 December 1986) was a Taiwanese statesman and politician who was the tenth Republic of China Minister of the Interior. Lien was also the first official county magistrate of Taipei County, a representative of the National Assembly, a member of the Executive Yuan, and a national policy advisor to the Office of the President.  His son Lien Chan was the seventh Vice President of the Republic of China and a former chairman of the Kuomintang.

Taiwan Provincial Government
Taiwan Provincial Government is the nominal government of Taiwan Province in the Republic of China. Since 2018, its functions have been transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.
Word Realms
Word Realms (abbreviated WR) is a single-player role-playing game designed by Asymmetric Publications, including lead designer Zack "Jick" Johnson and designer Kevin Simmons. The game was released in 2013.

Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.
Pachira sessilis
Pachira sessilis is a neotropical tree in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae and is native to Central America. Its common name is yuco de monte. The leaves are palmately divided with 5 to 7 leaflets, but differ from other Pachira species in having indented leaf tips. The  large flowers are similar in form to those of Pachira aquatica but smaller and dark red.

Pachira
Pachira is a genus of tropical trees distributed in Central and South America and the Caribbean, ranging from Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. They are classified in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae. Previously the genus was assigned to Bombacaceae.
 Prior to that the genus was found in the (now obsolete) Sterculiaceae.

54 species are currently accepted. They form small or large trees with digitate leaves, and the fruit an oval woody one-celled capsule opening by a number of divisions and containing many seeds.
Edward Ledwich (priest)
Edward Ledwich, LL.D.(1707–1782) was an Anglican priest in Ireland.

Ledwich was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Ledwich was a prebendary of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin from 1749 to 1781; 4th Canon of Kildare Cathedral from October to December 1760; Treasurer of Kildare Cathedral from 1760 to 1772; Archdeacon of Kildare from 1765 to 1772; and Dean of Kildare from 1772 until his death.

Archdeacon of Kildare
The Archdeacon of Kildare was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Kildare until 1846 when it became an office within the Archdiocese of Dublin, Kildare and Glendalough and since 1976, an office in the united Diocese of Meath and Kildare. The Archdeacon can trace its history from Cornelius M'Gelany who held office from 1190 to 1206 through to the last discrete incumbent James Adams who held office in the first quarter of the 20th century.
Kucha
Kucha (/ˈkuːtʃə/ KOO-chə, also: Kuche, Kuchar, Kuçar; Uyghur: كۇچار, Кучар; Chinese: 龜茲; pinyin: Qiūcí, Chinese: 庫車; pinyin: Kùchē; Sanskrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀘𑀻𑀦, romanized: Kūcīna) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of what is now the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.

The former area of Kucha now lies in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. Kuqa town is the county seat of Aksu Prefecture's Kuqa County. Its population was given as 74,632 in 1990.

Book of Jin
The Book of Jin is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Jin dynasty from 266 to 420. It was compiled in 648 by a number of officials commissioned by the imperial court of the Tang dynasty, with chancellor Fang Xuanling as the lead editor, drawing mostly from official documents left from earlier archives. A few essays in volumes 1, 3, 54 and 80 were composed by the Tang dynasty's Emperor Taizong himself. However, the contents of the Book of Jin included not only the history of the Jin dynasty, but also that of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, which was contemporaneous with the Eastern Jin dynasty.
2025–26 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team
The 2025–26 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represents the University of Virginia during the 2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They are led by first-year head coach Ryan Odom following the departure of interim head coach Ron Sanchez.  They play their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia, as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

Ron Sanchez
Ron Sanchez is a college basketball coach who serves as the associate head coach for the Baylor Bears men's basketball team of the Big 12 Conference. He previously served as the interim head coach for the Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team, as he was appointed in October 2024 following Tony Bennett's surprise retirement.

Sanchez also served as the head coach of the men's basketball team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte from 2018 until he resigned following a 22–14 season to rejoin the University of Virginia as assistant head coach on June 6, 2023.
Sibling relationship
Siblings play a unique role in one another's lives that simulates the companionship of parents as well as the influence and assistance of friends. Because siblings often grow up in the same household, they have a large amount of exposure to one another, like other members of the immediate family. However, though a sibling relationship can have both hierarchical and reciprocal elements, this relationship tends to be more egalitarian and symmetrical than with family members of other generations. Furthermore, sibling relationships often reflect the overall condition of cohesiveness within a family.

Siblings normally spend more time with each other during their childhood than they do with parents or anyone else; they trust and cherish each other, so betrayal by one sibling could cause problems for that person physically as well as mentally and emotionally. Sibling relationships are often the longest-lasting relationship in individuals' lives.

Sibling
A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister. A person with no siblings is an only child.

While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care or adoption), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong emotional bonds, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.

Medically, a full-sibling is a first-degree relative and a half-sibling is a second-degree relative as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively.
Cassette (format)
A cassette is a small plastic unit containing a length of magnetic tape on two reels. The design was created to replicate the way a reel-to-reel machine works with tape moving from one reel to another while being read by a tape head. The design was first made for audio formats but then expanded into video and data storage.

As of 2025, although the cassette format is no longer used for video or data storage, it is still used as an audio format with many consumers still purchasing new album releases on cassette.

Tape head
A tape head is a type of transducer used in tape recorders to convert electrical signals to magnetic fluctuations and vice versa. They can also be used to read credit/debit/gift cards because the strip of magnetic tape on the back of a credit card stores data the same way that other magnetic tapes do. Cassette tapes, reel-to-reel tapes, 8-track tapes, VHS tapes, and even floppy disks and early hard disk drives all use the same principle of physics to store and read back information. The medium is magnetized in a pattern. It then moves at a constant speed over an electromagnet. Since the moving tape is carrying a changing magnetic field with it, it induces a varying voltage across the head. That voltage can then be amplified and connected to speakers in the case of audio, or measured and sorted into ones and zeroes in the case of digital data.
Xin Co
Xin Co (Chinese: 新错, Tibetan: ཤིན་མཚོ) is a high-altitude glacial lake situated at 4,820 meters (15,814 ft) in Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Covering 26 km2, it lies within the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountain range and feeds the upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The lake's turquoise waters, with pH levels averaging 8.3, support endemic species such as the Tibetan snowtrout (Schizopygopsis thermalis) and migratory black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis). Its shoreline hosts rare alpine flora, including Rhododendron nivale and cushion plant communities (Androsace tapete), adapted to temperatures as low as -30 °C.

Nyingchi
Nyingchi (Tibetan: ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།, Wylie: nying khri grong khyer), also known as Linzhi (Chinese: 林芝; pinyin: Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District.

Nyingchi is the location of Buchu Monastery.
Miles Tolbert
Miles Tolbert is an American lawyer from the state of Oklahoma who served as the Oklahoma Secretary of the Environment in the Cabinet of Governor Brad Henry. Tolbert was appointed by Henry in 2003 and served until his resignation in 2008. Tolbert was succeeded by J.D. Strong, Tolbert's chief of staff, as Secretary.

Oklahoma Secretary of the Environment
The Oklahoma Secretary of Environment is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The Secretary serves as the chief advisor to the Governor on environmental policy development and implementation.

The last Secretary was Gary Sherrer, who was appointed by Governor Mary Fallin on January 14, 2011.

The current Secretary of the successor office, the Office of the Secretary of Energy and Environment, is Michael Teague.
X Bar X Boys
The X Bar X Boys was a series of western adventures for boys created by the Stratemeyer Syndicate and written under the pseudonym of James Cody Ferris and published by Grosset & Dunlap. At first, a total of 2 or 3 volumes were published per year, but in 1930, it slowed to 1 book per year. In 1942, the series was discontinued.

Leslie McFarlane, author of many Hardy Boys stories, contributed to this series as well.

The Manley Boys, Roy and Teddy, are the sons of an old ranchman, the owner of many thousands of head of cattle. The lads know how to ride, how to shoot, and how to take care of themselves under any and all circumstances.

The cowboys of the X Bar X ranch are real cowboys, on the job when required but full of fun and daring—a bunch any reader will be delighted to know.

Leslie McFarlane
Charles Leslie McFarlane (October 25, 1902 – September 6, 1977) was a Canadian journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and filmmaker, who is most famous for ghostwriting many of the early books in the very successful Hardy Boys series, using the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon.
Shut Your Mouth (song)
"Shut Your Mouth" is a 2001 alternative rock song by Garbage, written and recorded for their third studio album Beautiful Garbage. "Shut Your Mouth" was the album opener; it was also released as its fourth and final single.

Enhanced CD
Enhanced CD is a certification mark of the Recording Industry Association of America for various technologies that combine audio and computer data for use in both CD-Audio and CD-ROM players.

Formats that fall under the enhanced CD category include mixed mode CD (Yellow Book CD-ROM/Red Book CD-DA), CD-i, CD-i Ready, and CD-Extra/CD-Plus (Blue Book, also called simply Enhanced Music CD or E-CD).
Acokanthera oppositifolia
Acokanthera oppositifolia, the poison arrow tree, is a shrub used as the source of an arrow poison and to coat caltrops made from the sharp fruits of the puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris). All plants of the genus Acokanthera contain toxic cardiac glycosides strong enough to cause death. Acokanthera oppositifolia is widespread in southern and central Africa from Cape Province north to The Democratic Republic of the Congo + Tanzania.

Acokanthera schimperi is employed for the same purpose.

Unlike all other parts of the plant, the ripe fruit is sweet and edible. Unripe fruit are still poisonous, so only really ripe fruit are eaten.

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris is an annual plant in the caltrop family (Zygophyllaceae) widely distributed around the world. It is adapted to thrive in dry climate locations in which few other plants can survive.

It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions in southern Eurasia and Africa. It has been unintentionally introduced to North America and Australia. An aggressive and hardy invasive species, T. terrestris is widely known as a noxious weed because of its small woody fruit – the bur – having long sharp and strong spines which easily penetrate surfaces, such as bare feet or thin shoes of crop workers and other pedestrians, the rubber of bicycle tires, and the mouths and skin of grazing animals.
Cyphellostereum jamesianum
Cyphellostereum jamesianum is a species of basidiolichen belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae that was described as new to science in 2019. It has been found in South Carolina and in Florida on a Taxodium wetland fragment at Florida Gulf Coast University. The species was named for James D. Lawrey.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.