hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bailey Hall, Hertford
Bailey Hall is a grade II* listed building in Hertford, Hertfordshire. It was originally a private home, then a school, then offices. It dates from around 1700 with 19th-century additions and is reputed to contain a tunnel, now blocked, to Hertford Castle. A previous house on the site was described as a manor house in 1621.

Hertford Castle
Hertford Castle is a  Norman era castle built beside the River Lea in Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire, England. Most of the internal buildings of the structure have been demolished.

The main surviving section is the Tudor gatehouse, which is a Grade I listed building. Parts of the bailey walls on the east side of the castle also still stand, and are a Grade II* listed building.
Arthur Jones (American football)
Arthur Willis Jones III (June 3, 1986 – October 3, 2025) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Syracuse Orange. He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL draft and won Super Bowl XLVII with them. Jones also played for the Indianapolis Colts and Washington Redskins. He was also the older brother of former UFC light heavyweight and heavyweight champion Jon Jones and defensive end Chandler Jones.

South Florida Bulls football
The South Florida Bulls football team represents the University of South Florida (USF). The Bulls began playing in 1997, and compete in the American Conference (The American) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The team currently plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, however the Bulls will host home games at a new $340 million on-campus stadium starting in the 2027 season.
2018 Men's Hockey World Cup final
The 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup Final was a field hockey match played between Belgium and the Netherlands on 16 December 2018 at the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar, India.

Belgium won their first World Cup after defeating the Netherlands in the Final in penalty shoot-out. This was also Belgium's first ever world title in a team sport. Belgian goalkeeper Vincent Vanasch was named player of the match in the Final.

Cédric Charlier
Cédric Daniel André Charlier (born 27 November 1987) is a Belgian professional field hockey player who plays  as a forward for Racing Club de Bruxelles and the Belgian national team. He played 381 matches for the Belgium national team from 2008 until 2024.
Sonnschied
Sonnschied is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Herrstein
Herrstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁʃtaɪn]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen.
Ovamboland People's Organization
The Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) was a nationalist organization that existed between 1959 and 1960 in South West Africa (present day Namibia). The aim of the organization was to end the South African colonial administration, and the placement of South West Africa under the United Nations Trusteeship system. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo had founded its predecessor, the Ovamboland People's Congress, in 1957 in Cape Town, South Africa. In 1959, Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua established the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) at the Old Location in Windhoek. Sam Nujoma was the president of OPO until its transformation into the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) a year later and remained president until Namibia gained independence in 1990.

Ovamboland
Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Ovambos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia).

The apartheid government stated that the goal was for it to be a self-governing homeland for the Ovambo people. Practically, however, it was intended by the apartheid government as a reservation that forced them into cheap labour by limiting movement; Ovambo men were not allowed outside Ovamboland unless they signed as a contract labourer for 16 months, while women were not allowed out at all.

The term originally referred to the parts of northern Namibia inhabited by the Ovambo ethnic group: namely, the area controlled by the traditional Ovambo kingdoms in pre-colonial and early colonial times, such as Ondonga, Ongandjera, and Oukwanyama. Its endonym is Ovambo ~ Owambo.
NGC 3867
NGC 3867 is a spiral galaxy located about 350 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 23 March 1884, and is a member of the Leo Cluster.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Orlando Mayhem
The Orlando Mayhem is a football team in the Independent Women's Football League based in Orlando, Florida.  Home games are played on the campus of East Ridge High School in nearby Clermont.

From their inaugural season of 2002 until the middle of 2004, the Mayhem was known as the Orlando Starz.

Independent Women's Football League
The Independent Women's Football League (IWFL) was the first women's American football league established by women players for women players. The league was founded in 2000, began play in 2001, and played its last season in 2018.  Members of the original Austin Outlaws roster were the league's founders. Following the league's establishment as a separate entity from the team, former Outlaws players Laurie Frederick, Jaime Bailey, and Sandra Plato became the league's original IWFL executive council.

The players were amateur/semi-professional and had to cover part of their expenses.
Dhulfiqar Younis
Dhulfiqar Younis Abed Ali (Arabic: ذُو الْفِقَار يُونُس عَبْد عَلِيّ, born 27 May 2001) is an Iraqi professional football player who plays as a striker for Duhok, on loan from Al-Shorta, in the Iraq Stars League and the Iraq U-23 national team.

2023 WAFF U-23 Championship
The 2023 WAFF U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the WAFF U-23 Championship, the international age-restricted football championship organized by the West Asian Football Federation for the men's under-23 national teams of West Asia. Nine teams competed in the tournament, with one team being invited.

Saudi Arabia, the defending champions, did not take part in the tournament. Iraq won their first title after defeating Iran 5–4 on penalties (1–1 after extra time) in the final.
Engine swap
In car tuning culture, an engine swap is the process of removing a car's original engine and replacing it with another. This may be a like-for-like replacement or the installation of a non-factory specification engine. Typically, an engine swap is performed for performance using a more powerful engine, but may also be performed for ease of maintenance as older engines may have a shortage of spare parts.

Car tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort.

As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car.
Miss Lebanon 2018
Miss Lebanon 2018 the 60th edition of the Miss Lebanon pageant, was held on September 30, 2018 at Forum de Beyrouth in Beirut where 30 candidates from different regions of Lebanon competed for the national crown. First place winner of the pageant was Maya Reaidy. Second place winner was Mira Toufaily. Third place winner was Yara Abou Monsef.

The first place winner of the pageant represents Lebanon at Miss Universe 2018. The second place represents Lebanon at Miss World 2018.

Miss World 2018
Miss World 2018 was the 68th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sanya City Arena in Sanya, China, on 8 December 2018.

Manushi Chhillar of India crowned Vanessa Ponce of Mexico as her successor at the end of the event. It is the first victory of Mexico in the history of the pageant.
Sierra de Alcaraz (Vino de la Tierra)
Sierra de Alcaraz was a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Castilla–La Mancha. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the municipalities of Alcaraz, El Ballestero, El Bonillo, Povedilla, Robledo, and Viveros, located in the province of Albacete, in Castilla–La Mancha, Spain.

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2000,, but it is no longer listed.

Vino de la tierra
Vino de la tierra is a quality of Spanish wine that designates the rung below the mainstream quality wine classification of denominación de origen protegida (DOP). It is the equivalent of the French vin de pays. It represents a higher quality than table wine, and covers still wine, sparkling wine, and fortified wine. Since 2016 the classification is called indicación geográfica protegida (IGP), but wines can still use the traditional name of vino de la tierra. The labels of vino de la tierra wines are allowed to state the year of vintage and the grape varieties used in production.

In 2019 there were 42 registered vino de la tierra wines in Spain.
Marion, Kansas
Marion is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 1,922.  The city was named in honor of Francis Marion, a brigadier general of the American Revolutionary War, known as the "Swamp Fox".

U.S. Route 56
U.S. Route 56 (US 56) is an east–west United States highway that runs for approximately 640 miles (1,030 km) in the Midwestern United States. US 56's western terminus is at Interstate 25 Business (I-25 Bus.), US 412 and New Mexico State Road 21 (NM 21) in Springer, New Mexico and the highway's eastern terminus is at US 71 in Kansas City, Missouri. Much of it follows the Santa Fe Trail.
Orbit College F.C.
Orbit College is a South African football club based in the North West province. The club earned promotion to the 2025–26 South African Premiership after winning the playoffs at the end of the 2024–25 National First Division season, becoming the first club from the North West province in seven years to play in the top tier.

Orbit College had previously earned promotion to the National First Division by winning the North West Stream A of the 2022–23 SAFA Second Division, then proceeding to the playoffs, where they lost 3–1 to Upington City in the final.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
2011 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
The 2011 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, United States between 14 and 20 November 2011.

Champaign–Urbana Challenger
The Paine Schwartz Partners Challenger, also known as the Champaign Challenger (formerly the JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana), is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Atkins Tennis Center in Champaign, Illinois, United States, since 1996.
Pederasty
Pederasty (or paederasty in Commonwealth English) (/ˈpɛdəræsti/) refers to same-sex sexual relationships between an adult man and an adolescent boy; some authors also use the term to refer to same-sex female relationships with a similar age gap. Pederasty existed as a socially acknowledged and accepted practice in some premodern societies.

In most countries today, the local age of consent determines whether a person is considered legally competent to consent to sexual acts, and whether such contact is child sexual abuse or statutory rape. An adult engaging in sexual activity with a minor is considered abusive by authorities for a variety of reasons, including the age of the minor and the psychological and physical harm they may endure.

Decadent movement
The Decadent movement (from the French décadence, lit. 'decay') was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement, centered in Western Europe, that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality.

The Decadent movement first flourished in France and then spread throughout Europe and to the United States. The movement was characterized by a belief in the superiority of human fantasy and aesthetic hedonism over logic and the natural world.
Deplatforming
Deplatforming, also known as no-platforming, is a boycott on an individual or group by removing the platforms used to share their information or ideas. The term is commonly associated with social media.

No Platform
No Platform, in the UK, is a form of student boycott where a person or organisation is denied a platform to speak. The British National Union of Students (NUS) established its No Platform policy in April 1974. Like other No Platform policies, it asserts that no proscribed person or organisation should be given a platform to speak, nor should a union officer share a platform with them. The policy traditionally applies to entities that the NUS considers racist or fascist, most notably the British National Party, although the NUS and its liberation campaigns have policies refusing platforms to other people or organisations. The policy does not extend to students' unions who are part of NUS, although similar policies have also been adopted by its constituent unions.
Rostellularia
Rostellularia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae.

Its native range is Northeastern Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Southern Arabian Peninsula, Tropical and Subtropical Asia to Australia.

Species:

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Tutu (Egyptian god)
Tutu (Ancient Egyptian: twtw - meaning "image"; Tithoes in Greek) was an Egyptian god worshipped by ordinary people all over Egypt during the Late Period. The only known temple dedicated to Tutu is located in ancient Kellis. However, reliefs depicting Tutu are seen in other temples, such as the Temple of Kalabsha. Tutu's title at the Shenhur temple was "Who comes to the one calling him". Other titles of his are "Son of Neith,"  "the Lion," "Great of Strength", and "Master of the demons of Sekhmet and the wandering demons of Bastet".

Late Period of Egypt
The Late Period of Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period in the 26th Saite Dynasty founded by Psamtik I, but includes the time of Achaemenid rule over Egypt after the conquest by Cambyses II in 525 BC. The Late Period existed from 664 BC until 332 BC, following a period of foreign rule by the Nubian 25th Dynasty and beginning with a short period of Neo-Assyrian suzerainty, with Psamtik I initially ruling as their vassal. The period ended with the conquests of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander the Great and the establishment of the Ptolemaic dynasty by his general Ptolemy I Soter, one of the Hellenistic diadochi from Macedon in northern Greece. With the Macedonian Greek conquest in the latter half of the 4th century BC, the age of Hellenistic Egypt began.
Alkyl nitrite
In organic chemistry, alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds based upon the molecular structure R−O−N=O, where R represents an alkyl group. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds (R−NO2).

The first few members of the series are volatile liquids; methyl nitrite and ethyl nitrite are gaseous at room temperature and pressure. The compounds have a distinctive fruity odor. Another frequently encountered nitrite is amyl nitrite (3-methylbutyl nitrite).

Alkyl nitrites were initially, and largely still are, used as medications and chemical reagents, a practice which began in the late 19th century. In their use as medicine, they are often inhaled for relief of angina and other heart-related symptoms of disease. However, when referred to as "poppers", alkyl nitrites represent recreational drugs.

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Knockans
The Knockans is an Iron Age linear earthwork located in south-west Ireland, believed to be the site of the ancient Tailteann Games.

One of a number of Irish Iron Age linear earthworks, the Knockans is a double-banked monument partly destroyed by bulldozer in May 1997, which saw the northern bank totally destroyed and other material damage done.

Linear earthwork
In archaeology, a linear earthwork is a long bank of earth, sometimes with a ditch alongside. There may also be a palisade along the top of the bank. Linear earthworks may have a ditch alongside which provides the source of earth for the bank and an extra obstacle. There may be a single ditch, a ditch on both sides or no ditch at all. Earthworks range in length from a few tens of metres to more than 80 km. Linear earthworks are also known as dykes (also spelt dike), or "ranch boundaries".
Sörup
Sörup (Danish: Sørup) is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 23 km northeast of Schleswig, and 17 km southeast of Flensburg.

Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig (UK: /ˈʃlɛsvɪɡ/, US: /-wɪɡ, -wɪk, -vɪk, ˈʃleɪsvɪk/, German: [ˈʃleːsvɪç] ⓘ; Danish: Slesvig [ˈsle̝ːsvi]; South Jutlandic: Sljasvig; Low German: Sleswig) is a town in the northeastern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) Schleswig-Flensburg. It has a population of about 27,000, the main industries being leather and food processing. It takes its name from the Schlei (Slien), an inlet of the Baltic Sea at the end of which it sits, and vik or vig which means "bay" in Old Norse and Danish. Schleswig or Slesvig therefore means "bay of the Schlei".
Titles and emblems of the German Emperor after 1873
The German Emperors after 1873 had a variety of titles and coats of arms, which in various compositions became the officially used titles and coats of arms. The title and coat of arms were last fixed in 1873, but the titles did not necessarily mean that the area was really dominated, and sometimes even several princes bore the same title.

In 1817, new titles were introduced for the King of Prussia, the large title, the mid-length title and the short title, parallel to the large, mid-sized and small coats of arms of Prussia.

Duchy of Westphalia
The Duchy of Westphalia (German: Herzogtum Westfalen) was a historic territory in the Holy Roman Empire, which existed from 1102 to 1803. It was located in the greater region of Westphalia, originally one of the three main regions in the German stem duchy of Saxony and today part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The duchy was held by the archbishop-electors of Cologne until its secularization in 1803.
LECOM Harborcenter
LECOM Harborcenter is an American mixed-use development in Buffalo, New York, developed by Pegula Sports and Entertainment. The building occupies a full 1.7 acre city block formerly known as the Webster Block, directly across from and connected to the KeyBank Center and Canalside. The building is also near the southern terminus of the Canalside station.

The development features retail and restaurant space, a 205-room Buffalo Marriott Harborcenter Hotel, as well as two hockey rinks that are the home of the Buffalo Jr. Sabres of the Ontario Junior Hockey League, the Canisius Golden Griffins of the NCAA, and the Erie Kats of the National Junior College Athletic Association. The rinks are also the Buffalo Sabres practice facility.

World Para Ice Hockey Championships
The World Para Ice Hockey Championships, known before 30 November 2016 as the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships, are the world championships for sledge hockey. They are organised by the International Paralympic Committee through its World Para Ice Hockey subcommittee.

The first sanctioned World Para Ice Hockey Championships were held in Nynäshamn, Sweden in 1996.

On 30 November 2016, the IPC, which serves as the international governing body for 10 disability sports, adopted the "World Para" branding across all of those sports. At the same time, it changed the official name of the sport from "sledge hockey" to "Para Ice hockey". The name of the world championships was immediately changed to "World Para Ice Hockey Championships" (WPIHC).