hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Spear
Arthur Spear (6 February 1883 – 12 December 1946) was an English professional association football player in the years prior to the First World War. He made over 130 appearances in The Football League.

1909 FA Cup final
The 1909 FA Cup final was the final match of the 1908–09 FA Cup, the 38th season of England's premier club football cup competition. The match was played on 24 April 1909 at Crystal Palace, and was contested by Manchester United and Bristol City, both of the First Division. Manchester United won by a single goal, scored by Sandy Turnbull midway through the first half. This was the first of Manchester United's thirteen FA Cup titles to date.
Grand Mughal
Grand Mughal or Mogul, also Great Mughal (Urdu: مغل اعظم), is a title coined by Europeans for the ruler of the Mughal Empire of India. The Mughals themselves used the title Padishah. The title is especially associated with the third in the line, Akbar the Great (1542–1605). It is said that the Portuguese called Akbar the Grand Mughal and sent Jesuit missionaries to convert him to Catholicism.  (In the same way, the Ottoman sultan was known as the "Grand Turk".)

The Mughal empire was romanticized in Europe, particularly from the sixteenth century onward. The empire's court at Agra, for instance, was often described in glowing terms. An account stated that it was not uncommon for Britons living in India to adopt the Mughal culture.

Mughal rule persisted until the mid-nineteenth century, ending in 1857. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, was exiled by the British to Myanmar, where he spent the rest of his life in prison.

Padishah
Padishah (/ˌpɑːdɪˈʃɑː/; Persian: پادشاه pādshāh [pɒːdeˈʃɒːɦ] – lit. 'Master King') is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin.

A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as pātaxšā(h) or pādixšā(y). Middle Persian pād may stem from Avestan paiti, and is akin to Pati (title). Xšāy 'to rule' and xšāyaθiya 'king' are both from Old Persian.

It was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of "Great King" and to the Western high king, and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and the Mughal emperors of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the Hudud al-'Alam of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called pādshā(h)/pādshāʼi/pādshāy.
Cathrin Bretzeg
Cathrin Bretzeg (born 17 February 1965) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

In 2004, while the second cabinet Bondevik held office, she was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. She lost this job when the cabinet fell following the 2005 election. She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus during the term 2005–2009.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Khirsa Monastery
The Khirsa monastery of Saint Stephen (Georgian: ხირსის სტეფანწმინდის მონასტერი, romanized: khirsis st'epants'mindis monast'eri) is a Georgian Orthodox monastery in the eastern Georgian region of Kakheti. The foundation of the monastery is credited by historical tradition to the monk Stephen, one of the Thirteen Assyrian Fathers active in the 6th century. The extant edifice, a domed church, is the result of a series of reconstructions between 886 and 1822. It is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance
The Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance (Georgian: ეროვნული მნიშვნელობის კატეგორიის კულტურის უძრავი ძეგლები) are buildings, structures, sites, or places in Georgia that have been determined to have nationwide cultural significance by meeting special criteria developed by the Ministry of Culture and are subject to preservation by the state.

The monument must have an outstanding artistic or aesthetic value, be associated with a particularly important historical event, person, or overall national values.

The original list of the Immovable Monuments of Cultural Heritage was approved in the Presidential decree No. 665 of 7 November 2006. Since then, it has been updated several times. After the amendments of 2013, the monument can be defined as having national significance by the resolution of the Government of Georgia based on the submission of the Ministry of Culture.
Maria Bodén
Maria Bodén (born 3 January 1978) is a Swedish professional golfer who played on the Ladies European Tour between 2002 and 2010. She won the 2005 South African Women's Open and was runner-up at the 2008 Ladies Scottish Open.

Swedish Junior Matchplay Championship
The Swedish Junior Match-play Championship is a national golf tournament in Sweden for golfers under the age of 22, contested for both men and women. The championship is open to Swedish citizens until the year they turn 21.

In Swedish known as JSM Match, it has been organized by the Swedish Golf Federation since 1939. From 1977 to 1991 the championship was contested in stroke-play, the Swedish Junior Stroke-play Championship. Since 2001, the match-play and stroke-play championships have been held in parallel. Five players, four women and one man, have won both in the same year: Louise Stahle (2002), Caroline Hedwall (2006), Isabella Deilert (2010), Linnea Ström (2012) and David Nyfjäll (2018). Two men, Jonas Blixt and Jesper Svensson, have also won both tournaments, but not in the same season.
Ray Illingworth
Raymond Illingworth CBE (8 June 1932 – 25 December 2021) was an English cricketer, cricket commentator and administrator. He is one of only nine players to have taken 2,000 wickets and made 20,000 runs in first-class cricket.: 302  He played for Yorkshire (1951–1968 and 1982–1983), Leicestershire (1969–1978) and England (1958–1973) and was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1960.

Greg Chappell
Gregory Stephen Chappell AO MBE (born 7 August 1948) is a former cricketer who represented Australia at international level in both Tests and One-Day Internationals (ODI). The second of three brothers to play Test cricket, Chappell was the pre-eminent Australian batsman of his time who allied elegant stroke making to fierce concentration. An exceptional all round player who bowled medium pace and, at his retirement, held the world record for the most catches in Test cricket, Chappell's career straddled two eras as the game moved toward a greater level of professionalism after the WSC schism. He was the vice captain of the Australian squad which finished as runners-up at the 1975 Cricket World Cup.

Since his retirement as a player in 1984, Chappell has pursued various business and media interests as well as maintaining connections to professional cricket; he has been a selector for national and Queensland teams, a member of the Australian Cricket Board, and a coach.
Haldimand Rifles
The Haldimand Rifles was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was Amalgamated with The Dufferin Rifles of Canada to form The Dufferin and Haldimand Rifles of Canada (now the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA).

Haldimand County
Haldimand County is a rural city-status single-tier municipality on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. Municipal offices are located in Cayuga.

The county is adjacent to Norfolk County, the County of Brant, the City of Hamilton, the townships of West Lincoln and Wainfleet, and the Six Nations reserve.
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG, PC (5 September 1641 – 28 September 1702) was an English nobleman and politician of the Spencer family. An able and gifted statesman, his caustic temper and belief in absolute monarchy nevertheless made him numerous enemies. He was forced to flee England in 1688, but later established himself with the new regime after the Glorious Revolution of that year. Subsequently, he took on a more disinterested role as an adviser to the Crown, seeking neither office nor favour. He evinced no party loyalty, but was devoted to his country's interests, as he saw them. By the notoriously lax standards of the Restoration Court, his private life was remarkably free from scandal, which won him favour in the more sober post-Revolution state.

Gilbert Burnet
Gilbert Burnet (18 September 1643 – 17 March 1715) was a Scottish philosopher and historian, and Bishop of Salisbury. He was fluent in Dutch, French, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Burnet was highly respected as a cleric, a preacher, an academic, a writer and a historian. He was always closely associated with the Whig party, and was one of the few close friends in whom King William III confided.
2024 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
The 2024 United States House of Representatives election in the Northern Mariana Islands was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, to elect the territory's delegate to the United States House of Representatives in the 119th United States Congress. The Delegate, who is elected to a two-year term, represents the Northern Mariana Islands' at-large congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.

The election coincided with the larger 2024 United States House of Representatives elections and the 2024 Northern Mariana Islands general election.

Incumbent Representative Gregorio Sablan decided to retire rather than seek re-election to a ninth term in office. Republican Kimberlyn King-Hinds won the seat over Democrat Ed Propst, flipping the seat to Republican control for the first time ever. The election of King-Hinds means that every state and territory in the United States has elected a woman to Congress. It was also the first contested election for this seat since 2018.

2008 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
The Northern Mariana Islands' first election of a delegate to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 4, 2008. Since the CNMI traditionally had general elections in odd-numbered years, the November 2008 ballot contained only this office.

The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands was the most recent United States jurisdiction to receive congressional representation in the United States House of Representatives (in the form of a non-voting delegate).

Gregorio Sablan, who ran as an independent, won the election and became the first Northern Mariana Islands Delegate in Congressional history. He assumed office in January 2009.
Denbigh (ship)
The Denbigh  was a paddle steamer built in 1860 by John Laird, Son, and Company at Birkenhead. She initially sailed between Liverpool and Rhyl, north Wales but was later sold an used as a blockade runner before being destroyed in 1865.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
2012 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
The 2012 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup was the 40th edition of the premier European competition for women's field hockey clubs. The finals phase of the competition was held in Amsterdam from May 25–27.

Laren defeated defending champion Den Bosch in the final 1–0. This was their maiden title in the event, and also ended Den Bosch's record 12–year winning streak. Hamburg and Club de Campo also reached the final four, with Hamburg taking the bronze medal with a 3–1 win.

EuroHockey Club Champions Cup (women)
The EuroHockey Club Champions Cup, previously known as the European Club Championship, was the leading woman's field hockey competition for clubs in Europe. The competition was first contested in 1974, and played out its last edition in 2019.

The competition has been replaced by the Women's Euro Hockey League.
Cape penduline tit
The Cape penduline tit or  southern penduline tit (Anthoscopus minutus) is a species of bird in the family Remizidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Its natural habitats are dry savannah, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. At eight centimetres (3 in) in length, it is one of the smallest species of bird found in Africa, along with its cousins the grey penduline tit and the mouse-coloured penduline tit.

Mouse-coloured penduline tit
The mouse-coloured penduline tit or mouse-colored penduline tit (Anthoscopus musculus) is a species of bird in the family Remizidae. At 8 cm (3.1 in) in length, it is one of the two shortest birds native to Africa, alongside the tit hylia.
Arylide yellow
Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa yellow and monoazo yellow, is a family of organic compounds used as pigments. They are primarily used as industrial colorants including plastics, building paints and inks. They are also used in artistic oil paints, acrylics and watercolors. These pigments are usually semi-transparent and range from orange-yellow to yellow-greens.  Related organic pigments are the diarylide pigments. Overall, these pigments have partially displaced the toxic cadmium yellow in the marketplace. Painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock are known to have employed arylide yellow in their artworks.

Cadmium pigments
Cadmium pigments are a class of pigments that contain cadmium. Most of the cadmium produced worldwide has been for use in rechargeable nickel–cadmium batteries, which have been replaced by other rechargeable nickel-chemistry cell varieties such as NiMH cells, but about half of the remaining consumption of cadmium, which is approximately 2,000 tonnes (2,200 short tons) annually, is used to produce colored cadmium pigments. The principal pigments are a family of yellow, orange and red cadmium sulfides and sulfoselenides, as well as compounds with other metals.

Cadmium is toxic in very small amounts to humans and other animals, especially when it is inhaled,  which often happens when working with powdered pigment or breathing the dust from chalk pastels.  As a result, it is not appropriate for children to use any art supplies that contain cadmium pigments.  However, because the pigments have some desirable qualities, such as resistance to fading, some adult artists continue to use them.
Rugeley Trent Valley railway station
Rugeley Trent Valley is a railway station serving both the village of Colton and the town of Rugeley, in Staffordshire, England. It is one of two stations serving the town, with the other being Rugeley Town. It is situated on the eastern side of the town, near to the Rugeley Trent Valley Trading Estate, and is located close to the River Trent. West Midlands Trains operates the station and all trains serving it.

It is a minor station on the Trent Valley section of the West Coast Main Line. It is also the terminus of the Chase Line from Birmingham and Walsall.

Trent Valley line
The Trent Valley line is a railway line between Rugby and Stafford in England, forming part of the West Coast Main Line. The line is 51 miles (82 km) long and is named after the River Trent which it follows. It was built to provide a direct route from London to North West England and Scotland, avoiding the slower route via Birmingham, which is congested and 7.75 miles (12.47 km) longer.
Red-capped plover
The red-capped plover (Anarhynchus ruficapillus), also known as the red-capped dotterel, is a small species of plover.

It breeds in Australia. This species is closely related to (and sometimes considered conspecific with) the Kentish plover, Javan plover, and white-fronted plover.

White-fronted plover
The white-fronted plover or white-fronted sandplover (Anarhynchus marginatus) is a small (45-50 g) shorebird of the family Charadriidae that inhabits sandy beaches, dunes, mudflats and the shores of rivers and lakes in sub-saharan Africa and Madagascar. It nests in small shallow scrapes in the ground and lays clutches of one to three eggs. The species is monogamous and long-lived, with a life expectancy of approximately 12 years. The vast majority of pairs that mate together stay together during the following years of breeding and retain the same territory. The white-fronted plover has a similar appearance to the Kentish plover, with a white fore crown and dark bands connecting the eyes to the bill.
Walker Island (Southern Tasmania)
Walker Island is an island located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. The 15-hectare (0.058 sq mi) island is part of the Maatsuyker Islands Group, and comprise part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.

Maatsuyker Islands
The Maatsuyker Islands are a group of islands and rocks 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) off the south coast of Tasmania, Australia. Maatsuyker Island is the southernmost island of the group and of the Australian continental shelf. There are exposed rocks further south of Maatsuyker but they do not meet the definition of "islands". Macquarie Island, far to the south, is also Australian territory but it is an upthrust piece of ocean floor in the remote Southern Ocean and is in a geological sense completely separate from the continent.

The group is noted for its rich marine wildlife, predominantly wet and windy weather conditions, and Australia's most southerly lighthouse. The group are contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.
Cavalier (fortification)
A cavalier is a fortification which is built within a larger fortification, and which is higher than the rest of the work. It usually consists of a raised platform within a fort or bastion, so as to be able to fire over the main parapet without interfering with the fire of the latter. Through the use of cavaliers, a greater volume of fire can be obtained, but its greater height also makes it an easier target for a besieger's guns.

There are two types of cavaliers:

Common cavalier – a raised gun platform without any additional defensive features

Defensible cavalier – a raised gun platform surrounded by a ditch. If the ditch cuts across the bastion's terreplein and is supported by cuts, the cavalier can also be considered as a retrenchment.

Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries.
Corewell Health Butterworth Hospital
Corewell Health Butterworth Hospital is a hospital in the Grand Rapids Medical Mile in downtown Grand Rapids, Michigan. Founded in 1875 as St. Mark's Home and Hospital, begun by parishioners of St. Mark's Episcopal Church, the current Butterworth Hospital is a subsidiary of Corewell Health. The hospital is a teaching affiliate of the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. The emergency department is a level I trauma center for both adults and pediatrics.

Grand Rapids Medical Mile
Grand Rapids Medical Mile is a designated area within the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan. It began with medical-related development in the Hillside District of Grand Rapids, bordering both sides of Michigan Street. More than a decade later it encompasses an area five times larger, expanding east further down Michigan St.and north across Interstate 196. It has also been referred to as Grand Rapids Medical Corridor, Michigan Street Medical Corridor, Health Hill, Medical Hill, and Pill Hill, among other names.

The corridor originated from the 1996 founding of Van Andel Institute by Jay and Betty Van Andel. It has since expanded to include the Grand Rapids Community College's Calkins Science Center across Bostwick Avenue, Corewell Health's expanded Butterworth Hospital complex, Grand Valley State University's Health Campus, and Michigan State University Secchia Center Medical School, among other facilities in the area.
Europe '72: The Complete Recordings
Europe '72: The Complete Recordings is a box set of live recordings by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  Billed as a "mega box set", it contains all of the band's spring 1972 concert tour of Europe—22 complete shows, on 73 CDs.  It was released on September 1, 2011.

All 22 concerts from Europe '72: The Complete Recordings were also produced as individual albums, most of them on three or four CDs.  They were released in chronological order, in four batches, from October to December 2011.  Each of the individual album covers features artwork by Scott McDougall, inspired by the front and back cover art that was created by Stanley Mouse and Alton Kelley for the original Europe '72 album.

Steppin' Out with the Grateful Dead: England '72
Steppin' Out with the Grateful Dead: England '72 is a live box set from the Grateful Dead that collects performances from seven of their eight shows in England during their spring 1972 tour of Europe (their first tour of the UK and continental Europe).

The band visited England three times on the tour. They had booked four concerts in London (condensed to two) and one for Newcastle before touring mainland Europe. After the tour began, an opportunity came to return to England to play the stormy Bickershaw Festival, in between dates in Paris and Amsterdam. To make up for the poor sound and crowded shows at the last-minute replacement venue, the Empire Pool, they added more dates at the end of the tour, returning again to London for four performances at the acoustically favorable Lyceum Theatre in the West End.