hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perry Christie
Perry Gladstone Christie PC, MP (born 21 August 1943) is a Bahamian former politician who served as prime minister of the Bahamas from 2002 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2017. He is the second longest-serving Bahamian elected parliamentarian (behind Sir Roland Symonette who was first elected to parliament in 1925 and served until 1977), representing the Centreville constituency from 1977 to 2017. He is also a former athlete. His Progressive Liberal Party is the oldest Bahamian political party, holding solid majorities in the Bahamian Parliament several times in its long history.

Leader of the Opposition (Bahamas)
Leader of the Opposition is a constitutionally sanctioned office in The Bahamas. The Constitution requires that there is a Leader of the Opposition in the House of Assembly of The Bahamas who is appointed by the Governor-General of The Bahamas. Usually the person comes from the largest group in the House of Assembly that is not in government.

The position of the Leader of the Opposition was established in 1964.
Claverdon
Claverdon is a village and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England, about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of the county town of Warwick. Claverdon's toponym comes from the Old English for "clover hill". The hill is near the centre of the scattered parish which included the township of Langley to the south, and formerly comprised the manors of Claverdon, Langley, Kington (to the south-west), and Songar (in the south-east).

There are hamlets near the church and at Yarningale, Kington, Lye Green, and Gannaway; and there is also a group of houses near the school. It includes modern development along with historic buildings: the forge; The Stone Building; St Michael's Church; and 16th and 17th century half-timbered cottages.

Spencer family
The Spencer family is a noble and aristocratic British family. From the 16th century, its members have held numerous titles, including the dukedom of Marlborough, the earldoms of Sunderland and Spencer, and the barony of Churchill. Two prominent members of the family during the 20th century were Winston Churchill and Diana, Princess of Wales.
Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay
The Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay is a Mamluk-era charitable foundation and building in Cairo, Egypt. It was built in 1479 on the order of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay and is located on Saliba Street in the historic districts of Cairo.

The building is composed of a sabil (a water distribution kiosk) on the ground floor and a kuttab (primary school teaching the Qur'an) on the upper floors. Below the structure, underground, is a cistern from which water was drawn for the sabil. The structure was the first free-standing sabil-kuttab in Cairo; a type of building that would later become quite common during the Ottoman period.

Qaitbay
Sultan Abu Al-Nasr Sayf ad-Din Al-Ashraf Qaitbay (Arabic: السلطان أبو النصر سيف الدين الأشرف قايتباي; c. 1416/1418 – 7 August 1496) ruled the Mamluk Sultanate from 1468 to 1496 (872 – 901 AH in the Islamic calendar).

As the eighteenth Sultan of Egypt of the Burji dynasty, Qaitbay stabilized the Mamluk state and economy. He consolidated the northern boundaries of the Sultanate with the Ottoman Empire after a series of wars between 1485 and 1491, and engaged in trade with other contemporaneous polities.

Qaitbay was Circassian by birth, and was purchased by sultan Barsbay (1422 – 1438) before being freed by Barsbay's successor Jaqmaq (1438 – 1453).

A veteran of sixteen campaigns, Qaitbay was also a great patron of architecture. He commissioned building projects in Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, Alexandria, and in every quarter of Cairo and endowed the religious works with waqfs. He was also known for his piety.
Chromogen
In chemistry, the term chromogen refers to a colourless (or faintly coloured) chemical compound that can be converted by chemical reaction into a compound which can be described as "coloured" (a chromophore). There is no universally agreed definition of the term. Various dictionaries give the following definitions:

A substance capable of conversion into a pigment or dye.

Any substance that can become a pigment or coloring matter, a substance in organic fluids that forms colored compounds when oxidized, or a compound, not itself a dye, that can become a dye.

Any substance, itself without color, giving origin to a coloring matter.

In biochemistry the term has a rather different meaning. The following are found in various dictionaries.

A precursor of a biochemical pigment

A pigment-producing microorganism

Any of certain bacteria that produce a pigment

A strongly pigmented or pigment-generating organelle, organ, or microorganism.

Chromophore
A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The word is derived from Ancient Greek  χρῶμᾰ (chroma) 'color' and  -φόρος (phoros) 'carrier of'.
The color that is seen by our eyes is that of the light not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.
Hanna Alchevska
Hanna Oleksiivna Alchevska (Ukrainian: Ганна Олексіївна Алчевська, married Ukrainian: Бекетова, Beketova) (1868, Kharkiv, Kharkiv Governorate, Russian Empire – 1931, Alushta, Crimean ASSR, RSFSR, USSR) was a Ukrainian artist, teacher, and public figure. She was a representative of the Alchevsky-Beketov family.

Aleksey Alchevsky
Oleksii Kyrylovych Alchevskyi (Ukrainian: Олексій Кирилович Алчевський, romanized: Oleksii Kyrylovych Alchevskyi; Russian: Алексей Кириллович Алчевский; 1835, Sumy, Sloboda Ukraine, Russian Empire – 1901, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian philanthropist and industrialist. He established the first financial group in Imperial Russia and created several banks and industrial societies in Sloboda Ukraine. His role in the development of Russian industry was so important that in 1903 the Iur'evka station of the Ekaterinoslav Railway was renamed to Alchevsk in his honor, later developing into a buoyant town.
Scouting and Guiding in Luxembourg
Scouting and Guiding in Luxembourg is served by several different organizations:

Scouting in Luxembourg, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement
Fédération Nationale des Eclaireurs et Eclaireuses du Luxembourg
Lëtzebuerger Guiden a Scouten, also member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Royal Rangers Luxembourg

Former associations include

Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg

Association des Girl Guides Luxembourgeoises

Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg
The Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg was the national Guiding federation of Luxembourg. Guiding in Luxembourg started in 1915 and was among the founder members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 1928. The federation consisted of two associations and had a membership of 2,093 Guides in 2008. The membership in WAGGGS was transferred to the Lëtzebuerger Guiden a Scouten in 2017, following the closing down of the second component organization Association des Girl Guides Luxembourgeoises in 2014.
1994 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1994 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 7 May 1994 and ended on 4 September 1994.

Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final.

On 4 September 1994, Galway won the championship following a 2-10 to 1-11 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1992.

Cork's Brian O'Driscoll was the championship's top scorer with 0-26.

1992 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1992 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 15 April 1992 and ended on 6 September 1992.

Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a third successive All-Ireland title, however, they were beaten by Galway in an All-Ireland semi-final replay.

On 6 September 1992, Galway won the championship following a 1-13 to 2-04 defeat of Waterford in the All-Ireland final.	 This was their second All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1993.

Waterford's Paul Flynn was the championship's top scorer with 6-25.
Tere-Kholsky District
Tere-Kholsky District (Russian: Тере-Хольский кожуун; Tuvan: Тере-Хөл кожуун, Tere-Xöl kojuun) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or kozhuun), one of the seventeen in the Tuva Republic, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kungurtug. Population: 1,882 (2010 census); 1,835 (2002 Census). The population of Kungurtug accounts for 77.9% of the district's total population.

Kozhuun
Kozhuun (/kɒˈʒuːn/; Tuvan: Кожуун, pronounced [qɔˈʑuːn]) is the Tuvan term of an historical feudal administrative division known as a banner.

The term kozhuun is used today as a unit in the system of the administrative divisions of the Tuva Republic of Russia.  A typical federal subject of Russia is subdivided into raions. Kozhuun is an ethnic name for a raion, used only in Tuva.

Tuva historically had nine kozhuun. Each kozhuun was divided into sums which was then subdivided into arbans.
Title 42 appointment
A Title 42 appointment is an excepted service employment category in the United States federal civil service.  It allows scientists and special consultants to be hired as part of the Public Health Service or Environmental Protection Agency under a streamlined process "without regard to the civil-service laws".  Courts have ruled that, although Title 42 appointments are exempt from hiring and compensation provisions of civil service laws, they are still entitled to protections relating to termination, including appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board.

Title 42 hiring authority was first enacted in 1944 as part of the Public Health Service Act, and was extended to the Environmental Protection Agency on a limited basis in 2006.  It is named after Title 42 of the United States Code, which contains its legal basis, and is contrasted with Title 5 employments which are normal civil service appointments.

United States federal civil service
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 (5 U.S.C. § 2101). U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil service systems that are modeled on the national system to varying degrees.

The U.S. civil service is managed by the Office of Personnel Management, which in December 2011 reported approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the federal government. This included employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch) and the over 600,000 employees of the U.S. Postal Service.
William Bramwell Withers
William Bramwell Withers (27 July 1823 – 14 July 1913) was a journalist and novelist best known for writing the first history of Ballarat, Victoria. Born in England, Withers moved to the Colony of Natal in 1849 and contributed to local newspapers. He moved to  Victoria in 1852, working odd jobs before becoming a reporter for the Argus and the Herald in Melbourne.

By 1855, Withers was living in Ballarat, where he worked as a journalist for the Ballarat Times, the Ballarat Star, the Miner and Weekly Star and later the Ballarat Courier. Withers endeavored to write a history of Ballarat, spending five years of research before the first edition was published in 1870 to great praise. A second edition was published in 1887. He also served on the first committee of the mechanics' institute, was a co-proprietor of the Ballarat Star from 1875–1880 and wrote two novels. In 1901, Withers left for Sydney, where he died in 1913.

Montague Miller
Montague David Miller, born 7 July 1839 in Van Diemen's Land (present day Tasmania), was an Australian trade unionist, secularist, and revolutionary anarchist-socialist chiefly active in the states of Victoria and, in his most productive period, in Western Australia. His activism with unions and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), during the early years of the twentieth century, saw him acting as a speaker and organiser for these sometimes illegal groups, leading to his conviction for conspiracy in 1916.
Tamar (Genesis)
In the Book of Genesis, Tamar (/ˈteɪmər/; Hebrew: תָּמָר, Modern: Tamar pronounced [taˈmaʁ], Tiberian: Tāmār pronounced [tʰɔːˈmɔːr], date palm) was the daughter-in-law of Judah (twice), as well as the mother of two of his children: the twins Perez and Zerah.

Jahwist
J: Yahwist (10th–9th century BCE)

E: Elohist (9th century BCE)

Dtr1: early Deuteronomist historian (7th century BCE)

Dtr2: later Deuteronomist historian (6th century BCE)

P*: Priestly (6th or 5th century BCE)

D†: Deuteronomist

R: Redactor

DH: Deuteronomistic history (books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings)

The Jahwist or Yahwist (J) is one of the most widely recognized sources of the Pentateuch (Torah), together with the Deuteronomist (D), the Priestly source (P) and the Elohist (E). The existence of the Jahwist text is somewhat controversial, with a number of scholars, especially in Europe, denying that it ever existed as a coherent independent document. Nevertheless, many scholars do assume its existence. The Jahwist is so named because of its characteristic use of the term Yahweh (German: Jahwe; Hebrew: יהוה) for God.
County of Taunton
County of Taunton is a cadastral unit located in the Australian state of South Australia on land on the east coast of Lake Torrens about 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the city of Port Augusta.  It was proclaimed in 1877 and named after Lord Taunton who was the Secretary for the Colonies from 1855 to 1858.  It has been partially divided in the following sub-units of hundreds – Bunyeroo, Carr, Edeowie, Nilpena, Oratunga and Parachilna.

Outback Communities Authority
The Outback Communities Authority (OCA) is a statutory authority in South Australia (SA) created under the Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009. It has been established to "manage the provision of public services and facilities to outback communities" which are widely dispersed across the Pastoral Unincorporated Area which covers almost 60% of South Australia's land area. The authority has its seat at both Port Augusta which is located outside the unincorporated area and at Andamooka. The authority serves an area of 624,339 square kilometres (241,059 square miles), slightly smaller than France. The area has a population of 3,750, of whom 639 are Indigenous Australians, and includes several large pastoral leases and mining operations.

The authority's area of responsibility does not include Aboriginal Local Government Areas, the largest of which are Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara in the northwest of SA and Maralinga Tjarutja in the west of SA.
Pretoria Central (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Pretoria Central (Afrikaans: Pretoria-Sentraal) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1915 to 1994. It covered the city centre of Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli
Panchakuta Basadi (or Panchakoota Basadi) is a Jain temple complex located in the Kambadahalli village of the Mandya district in the Karnataka state of Southern India.

Panchakuta Basadi is often described as one of the finest examples of the Western Ganga variety of Dravidian architecture, related to the Jain faith and iconography.

Shravanabelagola
Shravanabelagola (pronunciation: [ɕɾɐ.ʋɐˈɳɐ bɛ.ɭɐ.go.ɭɐ]) is a town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km (89 mi) from Bengaluru. The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas (pilgrimage destinations) in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad. Chandragupta Maurya is said to have died on the hill of Chandragiri, which is located in Shravanabelagola, in 298 BCE after he became a Jain monk and assumed an ascetic life style.

Gommateshwara statue, Akkana Basadi, Chandragupta basadi, Chamundaraya Basadi, Parshvanath Basadi and inscriptions of Shravanabelagola group of monuments are listed as Adarsh Smarak Monument by  Archaeological Survey of India.
Christmas markets in Berlin
There are over 80 Christmas markets in various parts of Berlin, where craftspeople demonstrate their skills and sell their wares along with many other Christmas gifts and fairground attractions. The first Christmas market took place in 1530 in Alt-Berlin.

Schloßplatz (Berlin)
Schloßplatz (German: [ˈʃlɔsˌplats] ⓘ, "Palace Square" or "Castle Square") is a square located on Museum Island (Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany. The square was restored in 2017-2023 in connection with the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace (Berliner Schloss) as the home of the Humboldt Forum. It measures about 225 m by 175 m, with its long side oriented on an axis approximately southwest/northeast. At its west corner is the Schlossbrücke (Palace Bridge), from which Unter den Linden leads west to the Brandenburg Gate. From the same corner, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße runs northeast alongside the square and on to Alexanderplatz. Until the early 20th century, only the square south of the palace was so named, the square north of it being the Lustgarten.

"Schloßplatz" is also a common name for squares in many German-speaking countries. Other cities which have a Schloßplatz include Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart, Munich and Dresden.
3-Chloroamphetamine
3-Chloroamphetamine (3-CA; code name PAL-304), also known as meta-chloroamphetamine (MCA), is a psychostimulant of the amphetamine family and a serotonergic neurotoxin related to para-chloroamphetamine (PCA; 4-chloroamphetamine).

The drug is a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 9.4 nM for norepinephrine, 11.8 nM for dopamine, and 120 nM for serotonin. Hence, 3-CA shows around 10-fold preference for induction of catecholamine release over induction of serotonin release.

3-CA is closely related to the potent serotonergic neurotoxin PCA. In contrast to PCA, 3-CA produced no serotonergic neurotoxicity in rodents. However, this was found to be due to rapid metabolism via para-hydroxylation. When the metabolism of 3-CA was inhibited, the drug produced approximately equivalent serotonergic neurotoxicity to PCA.

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs may produce euphoriant, decongestant, aphrodisiacal, anorectic, nootropic, entactogenic, and/or psychostimulant effects. Drugs of this class tend to have high abuse liability, especially when taken in supratherapeutic quantities.

A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).
USS Pigeon (AM-374)
USS Pigeon (AM-374) was an Auk-class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.

Pigeon was laid down 10 November 1944 by the Savannah Machine and Foundry Co., Savannah, Georgia; launched 28 March 1945; sponsored by Miss Jean Ross; and commissioned at Savannah on 30 October 1945.

Charleston Naval Shipyard
Charleston Naval Shipyard (formerly known as the Charleston Navy Yard) was a U.S. Navy ship building and repair facility located along the west bank of the Cooper River, in North Charleston, South Carolina and part of Naval Base Charleston.
Marko Stojanović (actor)
Marko Stojanović (born January 2, 1971) is a Serbian celebrity, theatre and TV actor and comedian, renown mime artist, and university professor, director, humanitarian and sports worker. He is the co-founder and the president of the World Mime Organisation.

During the COVID-19 pandemic he started a global online initiative #artistsagainstcorona and its localised Serbian language version #umetniciprotivkorone on March 16, 2020, with the support of the World Mime Organisation. The initiative was accepted immediately, mostly on Facebook and many localisations were made.

University of Arts in Belgrade
The University of Arts in Belgrade (Serbian Cyrillic: Универзитет уметности у Београду, romanized: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu) is a public university in Serbia. It was founded in 1957 as the Academy of Arts to unite four academies. It became a university and acquired its current name in 1973.
Rocío Caballero
Rocio Caballero (born June 1, 1964) is a Mexican figurative painter, whose works often depict mythical worlds and are noted for her use of symbolism. Her work has been exhibited individually and collectively in Mexico, the United States, South America and Europe and can be found in collections such as that of the National Museum of Mexican Art. Her work has been recognized with membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público
The Museo de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público is an art museum located in the historic center of Mexico City.  It is housed in what was the Palacio del Arzobispado (Palace of the Archbishopric), built in 1530 under Friar Juan de Zumárraga on the base of the destroyed pyramid dedicated to the Aztec god Tezcatlipoca. It remained the archbishphoric until 1867 when the Finance Ministry Accountancy Department was established there. The modern museum houses an exhibit dedicated to this god as well as a large art collection.