hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polygonoideae
Polygonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Polygonaceae. It includes a number of plants that can be highly invasive, such as Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica, and its hybrid with R. sachalinensis, R. × bohemica. The subfamily also includes the cultivated genus Rheum, rhubarb. Boundaries between the genera placed in the subfamily and their relationships have long been problematic, but a series of molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified some of them, resulting in the division of the subfamily into seven tribes.

Bohemian knotweed
Bohemian knotweed is a nothospecies that is a cross between Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed. It has been documented as occurring in the wild in Japan. The scientific name is accepted to be Reynoutria × bohemica, but it may also be referred to as Fallopia × bohemica and Polygonum × bohemicum.

The species was first described by Jindřich Chrtek and Anna Chrtková in the Czech Republic in 1983.
Jumpstarted Plowhards
Jumpstarted Plowhards is an alternative rock band featuring Mike Watt (The Minutemen, fIREHOSE) and Todd Congelliere (F.Y.P, Toys That Kill).

Watt and Congelliere did an I-5 tour together and afterwards Watt asked Congelliere to do a project with him.

Their debut album, Round One, was released by Recess Records on October 4, 2019. Watt wrote fifteen tracks on bass to a click track and sent them to Congelliere who added guitars and vocals. Congelliere felt that a fifteen track album would be overly long so it was split into two albums worth of songs.

Round One features a different drummer on each track such as Hole drummer Patty Schemel, Jimmy Felix (Toys That Kill),  and Watt's other musical partners George Hurley, Jerry Trebotic, Raul Morales and Nick Aguilar. Four more albums are planned with live gigs after the albums are all released.

F.Y.P
F.Y.P, the Five Year Plan, was a punk rock band founded in 1989 by Todd Congelliere, a predecessor to his more recent bands Toys That Kill and Underground Railroad to Candyland. During its history (from 1989 to 1999), it had a total of 20 different members.
Sugar industry in Rwanda
Rwanda produces the least quantity of granular brown sugar among four of the six countries of the East African Community, namely Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, accounting for about 12,000 metric tonnes annually as of August 2016. With national consumption measured at 90,000 metric tonnes annually in 2016, it is expected that by 2020, annual consumption will have reached 160,000 metric tonnes, costing over US$150 million to import.

Economy of Rwanda
The economy of Rwanda is a frontier developmental state (low income) based on services, agriculture and industry. It has been described as undergoing early industrialisation due to newer government policies. It has a mixed economy. Since the early-2000s, Rwanda has witnessed an economic boom, which improved the living standards of many Rwandans. The President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, has noted his ambition to make Rwanda the "Singapore of Africa". The industrial sector is growing, contributing 16% of GDP in 2012.
LA-6 Bhimber-II
LA-6 Bhimber-II is a constituency of the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly which is currently represented by Chaudhry Ali Shan Soni of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). It covers the area of Samahni Tehsil in Bhimber District.

Bhimber District
Bhimber District (Urdu: ضلع بھمبر) is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the southernmost of the 10 districts of Pakistan's territory of Azad Kashmir. It has an area of 1,516 km², and the district headquarter is the town of Bhimber.
2009 Bayern Rundfahrt
The 2009 Bayern Rundfahrt was the 30th edition of the Bayern Rundfahrt cycle race and was held on 27 May to 31 May 2009. The race started in Kelheim and finished in Gunzenhausen. The race was won by Linus Gerdemann.

Bayern Rundfahrt
The International Bayern Rundfahrt (English: Tour of Bavaria) was a stage race cycling race held each year in Bavaria, Germany, between 1980 and 2015. The race was held as an amateur race between 1980 and 1988, and from 2005 to 2015, the race was organised as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. In December 2015, the organisers cancelled the 2016 event due to a budget shortfall, and the race has not been held since.
San Andres Formation, United States
The San Andres Formation is a geologic formation found in New Mexico and Texas. It contains fossils characteristic of the late Leonardian (Kungurian) Age) of the Permian Period.

The formation is the most widely exposed Paleozoic formation in the state of New Mexico, cropping out in a zone 80–110 kilometers (50–68 miles) wide that extends from west Texas to central New Mexico and with additional exposures in the Zuni Mountains and Sangre de Cristo Mountains. It is also prominent in the subsurface in the San Juan Basin and in eastern New Mexico.

Kungurian
In the geologic timescale, the Kungurian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the latest or upper of four subdivisions of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Kungurian lasted between 283.3 and 274.4 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Artinskian and followed by the Roadian.
Downtown Visalia
36°19′43″N 119°17′45″W﻿ / ﻿36.32861°N 119.29583°W﻿ / 36.32861; -119.29583

Downtown Visalia is the central business district of Visalia, California, United States, which is located close to the geographic center of the metropolitan area.  The area features an array of public art and unique shopping opportunities.  The Downtown area is the hub for the city's public transport transit center.

Downtown is generally thought to be bounded by Giddings Street on the west, Murray Avenue on the north, Ben Maddox Way on the east, and the Sequoia (198) Freeway on the south.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Wesley Onguso
Wesley Onguso (Kenyan English born 16 November 1994) is a Kenyan professional footballer who plays as a left fullback for National Super League club Nairobi City Stars and the Kenyan national team.

He has earned over 6 caps for the Kenyan national team since making his international debut on 3 December 2017 against Rwanda at Bukhungu Stadium, Kakamega, the match ended on a 2-0

Western Stima F.C.
Western Stima Football Club is a Kenyan football club based in Kakamega.  The team play their home games primarily at the Bukhungu Stadium, but also at the Moi Stadium. Western Stima currently compete in the Kenyan Premier League.

The team joined the Kenya Premier League in 2008 and was relegated in 2017, but were promoted back in the 2018 season.
Tresviri capitales
The tresviri capitales or tresviri nocturni were a college of minor magistrates in ancient Rome. They were included in the vigintisexviri, a board of 26 minor magistrates ranked below the quaestors. They were a group of three men that managed police and firefighting. Despite this they were feared by the Roman people due to their police roles, and they were condemned due to their neglect of firefighting during an unknown incident, which was likely the Great Fire of Rome. The Roman people gave the Tresviri Capitales the nickname nocturni due to the night patrols they managed. They were elected by the Urban praetors and later Tribal Assembly.

Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (Latin: civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cultural practices. There existed several different types of citizenship, determined by one's gender, class, and political affiliations, and the exact duties or expectations of a citizen varied throughout the history of the Roman Empire.
Maas-Schwalm-Nette Nature Park
The Maas-Schwalm-Nette Nature Park (German: Naturpark Maas-Schwalm-Nette; Dutch: Grenspark Maas-Swalm-Nette) or NMSM is a cross-border nature park in Germany and the Netherlands, which was founded in 2002. It is a regionally important recreation area.

Venlo
Venlo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvɛnloː] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in southeastern Netherlands, close to the border with Germany. It is situated in the province of Limburg. The municipality of Venlo counted 101,578 inhabitants as of January 2019.
Fyrstadskretsen
Fyrstadskretsen ('Four City Constituency') was a constituency for election to the Riksdag (Swedish parliament) between 1921 and 1991 - covering the municipalities of Malmö, Helsingborg, Landskrona and Lund.

The constituency was set up ahead of the 1921 Swedish general election, under the name Malmö, Hälsingborgs, Landskrona och Lunds valkrets ('Electoral Constituency of Malmö, Hälsingborg, Landskrona and Lund'). At the time it was one of two constituencies in Malmöhus County. Prior to the 1921 elections, Malmö city had been a separate constituency whilst Helsingborg, Landskrona and Lund were part of the 'Three City Constituency' (Trestadskretsen).

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
1997 Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The 1997 Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the fourth edition of the Pan American Women's Handball Championship, held in Brazil from 29 April to 4 May 1997. It acted as the American qualifying tournament for the 1997 World Women's Handball Championship.

1997 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1997 IHF World Women's Handball Championship took place in Germany 30 November – 14 December 1997. It was the first tournament with 24 teams. Denmark won its first World Championship title. Denmark's only defeat in the championship was by Macedonia.

The tournament was also remembered for a tragic incident in the stands during one match of the semi-final matches, between Denmark and Russia (32-22), when a fight broke out between a Danish and a German spectator. The fight developed into the German taking out a knife and stabbing the Dane. Another Danish spectator tried to intervene, but was stabbed himself. Both Danes soon died, and the German was soon arrested by the police. He admitted to the stabbing during the police interrogation, and said that he committed it while under the influence of alcohol.
Old Mobile Site
The Old Mobile Site was the location of the French settlement La Mobile and the associated Fort Louis de La Louisiane, in the French colony of New France in North America, from 1702 until 1712. The site is located in Le Moyne, Alabama, on the Mobile River in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. The settlement served as the capital of French Louisiana from 1702 until 1711, when the capital was relocated to the site of present-day Mobile, Alabama. The settlement was founded and originally governed by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville. Upon the death of d'Iberville (or Iberville), the settlement was governed by his younger brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville. The site can be considered a French counterpart to the English colonial settlement at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia.
The settlement site and fort were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1976. The Old Mobile Site was determined eligible for designation as a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001.

Palisade
A palisade, sometimes called a stakewall or a paling, is typically a row of closely placed, high vertical standing tree trunks or wooden or iron  stakes used as a fence for enclosure or as a defensive wall. Palisades can form a stockade.
Fred. Olsen Express
Fred. Olsen Express is an inter-island ferry service based in the Canary Islands, Spain. It operates a fleet of six modern fast ferries on five routes. Its fleet includes a trimaran fast ferry, the Benchijigua Express, which was the first such vehicle in the world when it entered service in 2005. The company is owned by the Olsen family-controlled Bonheur and Ganger Rolf, which among other things also owns the shipping companies Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines and First Olsen Tankers.

Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines
Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines is a UK-based, Norwegian-owned cruise shipping line with three cruise ships. The company is owned by Bonheur and is headquartered in Ipswich, Suffolk, in the United Kingdom. The company is part of the Fred. Olsen Group.
North of England Lead Mining Museum
The North of England Lead Mining Museum, better known as Killhope, is an industrial museum near the village of Cowshill, County Durham, England. The museum stands on the site of the former Park Level Mine, which is being restored to show the workings of a 19th-century lead mine.

Cowshill
Cowshill is a village in the civil parish of Stanhope, in County Durham, England. It is situated at the top of Weardale, between Lanehead and Wearhead. In the 2001 census Cowshill had a population of 156.

The Church of St Thomas (1912) is located in Cowshill, and is the parish church for Heatherycleugh parish. Bridge End Cottage is notable for being a 17th-century Bastle house, and is a Grade II listed building. The Cowshill War Memorial commemorates the seven men from the area lost in the First World War and three who died in the Second World War.

Burtree Ford was once considered a separate village, now considered as part of Cowshill, but its name is still apparent in Burtree Farm, and Burtreeford Bridge, over Killhope Burn, and the former Burtreeford Mill.
Connectionless-mode Network Service
Connectionless-mode Network Service (CLNS) or simply Connectionless Network Service is an OSI network layer datagram service that does not require a circuit to be established before data is transmitted, and routes messages to their destinations independently of any other messages. As such it is a "best-effort" rather than a "reliable" delivery service. CLNS is not an Internet service, but provides capabilities in an OSI network environment similar to those provided by the Internet protocol suite.  The service is specified in ISO/IEC 8348, the OSI Network Service Definition (which also defines the connection-oriented service, CONS.)

Network service access point address
A network service access point address (NSAP address), defined in ISO/IEC 8348, is an identifying label for a service access point (SAP) used in OSI networking.

These are roughly comparable to IP addresses used in the Internet Protocol; they can specify a piece of equipment connected to an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network. A specific stream, analogous to a TCP/IP port or socket, is specified by using a transport service access point (TSAP). ATM can also use a presentation (PSAP) and session (SSAP) access point, but these may also be unspecified; this is up to the application.
18 Merriman Street, Millers Point
18 Merriman Street, Millers Point is a heritage-listed residence located at 18 Merriman Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Millers Point, New South Wales
Millers Point is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to The Rocks and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.

Millers Point lies on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, beside Darling Harbour. The Barangaroo development is taking place on 22 hectares of land on the western side of the suburb. Millers Point historically includes what are now known as the suburbs of Dawes Point and Barangaroo and the renaming of those parts of Millers Point is controversial. The original headland of Millers Point is now known as Barangaroo Reserve, though the point itself has been returned to its original name.
Jake Granville
Jake Granville (born 7 February 1989) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played as a utility forward for the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League (NRL). Earlier in his career, Granville primarily played at hooker, where he won the 2015 NRL Grand Final and 2016 World Club Challenge with North Queensland after previously playing for the Brisbane Broncos. Granville is one of only two players in the NRL era to have started at both fullback and front row, the first being Matt Adamson.
Kurt Gidley also played hooker and fullback in the NRL era.

Matt Adamson
Matt Adamson (born 14 August 1972 in Taree, New South Wales) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer, who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australian international representative second-row (under the Super League banner), he played club football in Australia with the Parramatta Eels, Penrith Panthers and Canberra Raiders, and in England with Leeds. Adamson started his career as a fullback or utility, and was moved into the forwards by Penrith coach Royce Simmons, in 1996.
Scotty's Castle
Scotty's Castle (also known as Death Valley Ranch) is a two-story Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style villa located in the Grapevine Mountains of northern Death Valley in Death Valley National Park, California, US. Scotty's Castle is named for gold prospector Walter E. Scott, although Scott never owned it, nor is it an actual castle.

The ranch is located about 45 miles (72 km) north of Stovepipe Wells, California, via California State Route 190 to Scotty's Castle Road, or about a three-hour drive from Las Vegas, Nevada.

Scotty's Castle was severely damaged by flooding in October 2015, and a fire in 2021 that destroyed the historic garage/workshop that was used as the visitor center. These caused Scotty's Castle to be temporarily closed to the public.

Nickel–iron battery
The nickel–iron battery (NiFe battery) is a rechargeable battery having nickel(III) oxide-hydroxide positive plates and iron negative plates, with an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. The active materials are held in nickel-plated steel tubes or perforated pockets.  It is a very robust battery which is tolerant of abuse, (overcharge, overdischarge, and short-circuiting) and can have very long life even if so treated.
It is often used in backup situations where it can be continuously charged and can last for more than 20 years. Due to its low specific energy, poor charge retention, and high cost of manufacture, other types of rechargeable batteries have displaced the nickel–iron battery in most applications.
CBS Productions
CBS Productions was a production arm of the CBS television network formed in 1952 to produce shows in-house, instead of relying solely on outside productions. One of its first productions was Studio One, a drama anthology series.

Later productions of note included the original Perry Mason, The Twilight Zone, Gunsmoke, The Wild Wild West, Hawaii Five-O, Rescue 911, Touched by an Angel, Walker, Texas Ranger, The King of Queens, and the CSI franchise as well as season 1 of 90210.

CBS Media Ventures
CBS Media Ventures, Inc. (formerly CBS Paramount Domestic Television and CBS Television Distribution) is the television broadcast syndication arm of CBS Studios, a division of the CBS Entertainment Group, in turn a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation, founded on January 17, 2006 by CBS Corporation from a merger of CBS Paramount Domestic Television and KingWorld.

On launch, the division was led by King World CEO Roger King, who had his own production company merged into the division, until his death on December 8, 2007. It was formerly the main distribution arm of Paramount Media Networks (now handled by Paramount Global Content Distribution), while currently acting as the flagship distribution arm for CBS, and partnering with Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution for The CW. The division also consists of CBS's home entertainment arm, CBS Home Entertainment.
Gjergj Arianiti
Gjergj Arianiti (13??–1462) was an Albanian feudal lord who led several successful campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. He was the father of Donika, Skanderbeg's wife, as well as the uncle of Moisi Golemi. Gjergj Arianiti was Skanderbeg's ally within the League of Lezhë before abandoning the alliance after the capture of Berat by the Ottomans in 1450. He later returned. Robert Elsie emphasizes that Arianiti was often Skanderbeg's rival. He allied with the Kingdom of Naples in 1446, left his alliance with Skanderbeg by 1449 and allied with Venice in 1456. However, his daughter married Skanderbeg and he remained officially part of the League of Lezhë, continuing to fight Ottomans successfully up to his death in 1462.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Søre Svarthåmåren
Søre Svarthåmåren is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,756-metre (5,761 ft) tall mountain is located within the Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the village of Lesjaverk and about 36 kilometres (22 mi) south of Sunndalsøra. The mountain is surrounded by other mountains including Geitåhøe which is about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the south, Eggekollan which is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the southeast, and Grønliskarstinden which is about 4.9 kilometres (3.0 mi) to the northeast. The lake Aursjøen lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the west of the mountain.

Aursjøen
Aursjøen is a lake in Norway on the border between Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county and Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county. The 36.38-square-kilometre (14.05 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 856 metres (2,808 ft) above sea level and is about 70.67 kilometres (43.91 mi) around.

The lake was dammed up in 1953 to provide water for the Aura power station. It flooded together with the nearby lake Gautsjøen. The water in lake Aursjøen flows out to the river Aura which flows through the Eikesdalen valley and eventually to the lake Eikesdalsvatnet.