hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dobrich, Haskovo Province
Dobrich, Haskovo Province is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria. It is located 7 kilometers east of Dimitrovgrad. The mayor of the village is Marin Marinov.

There is a Monastery of the Assumption near Dobrich. The holiday of the village is on 15 August and 28 August, the Days of the Assumption (new and old style).

Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria
Dimitrovgrad (Bulgarian: Димитровград [diˈmitrovˌɡrat]) is a town in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria. It is along the Maritsa River in the Thrace region, close to the provincial capital, Haskovo. Dimitrovgrad  is the administrative centre of Dimitrovgrad Municipality.

Founded in 1947, Dimitrovgrad is a planned city built by the People's Republic of Bulgaria following World War II. The recently established communist government designed the town as a socialist model city and a modern industrial center. Dimitrovgrad is named for the first communist dictator of Bulgaria, Georgi Dimitrov.
Mamed Ibragimov
Mamed Ibragimov (born June 9, 1992 in Pavlodar region, Kazakhstan) is a Kazakhstani freestyle wrestler (Azerbaijani origin).He competed in the men's freestyle 97 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which he was eliminated in the quarterfinals by Elizbar Odikadze.
Mamed is 2014 Asian Games bronze medalist.

Elizbar Odikadze
Elizbar Odikadze (born 14 June 1989) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 97 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics, at the former of which he lost the bronze medal match to Albert Saritov.
Valdecy Urquiza
Valdecy de Urquiza e Silva Junior (born 1981) is a Brazilian police officer and member of the Federal Police of Brazil serving as the secretary-general of Interpol since November 7, 2024. He was elected by the general assembly of Interpol as secretary general on 5 November 2024 to succeed Jürgen Stock. Urquiza is the first non-European/American person to be appointed as chief of Interpol since its foundation in 1923.

Jürgen Stock
Jürgen Stock (born 4 October 1959) is a German police officer and academic. He served as secretary general of Interpol from November 7, 2014 to November 7, 2024. Stock joined the Kriminalpolizei in Hesse in 1978 and stayed on as an officer until 1992. Between 1992 and 1996, he studied criminology at the University of Giessen.
Eve Shapiro
Evelyn L. Shapiro (13 August 1930—1 December 2022) was a South Africa–born drama teacher and theatre director, who had a profound influence on generations of acting and opera-singing students in the UK and the USA. A talented young amateur theatre director, she left South Africa to train professionally at RADA (Royal Academy of Dramatic Art) in London and on graduation in 1961 joined the academy's staff as a director and teacher. In the mid-1970s, Shapiro moved to New York to join the Drama Division at the Juilliard School where she taught and directed. In 1988, she transferred to Juilliard's Vocal Arts Division to teach acting to opera students, and to direct operas. Shapiro continued to work at Juilliard until she was 90. In her working career, she directed more than 100 plays and operas in Europe and the United States.

Tutoring
Tutoring is private academic help, usually provided by an expert teacher; someone with deep knowledge or defined expertise in a particular subject or set of subjects.

A tutor, formally also called an academic tutor, is a person who provides assistance or tutelage to one or more people on certain subject areas or skills. The tutor spends a few hours on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis to transfer their expertise on the topic or skill to the student (also called a tutee). Tutoring can take place in different settings.
Phia Sing
Chaleunsilp Phia Sing (Luang Prabang, c. 1898–1967) was a royal chef and master of ceremonies to the kings of Laos, and in this capacity he worked at the Royal Palace in Luang Prabang. He was also, according to Alan Davidson, "physician, architect, choreographer, sculptor, painter and poet". In addition he was mentor to the Laotian princes Souvanna Phouma and Souvannavong, and accompanied them when they studied at the University of Hanoi in the 1920s.

Shortly before his death Phia Sing wrote out in two notebooks the recipes used by him as royal chef. He entrusted them to prince Souvanna Phouma, who lent them to Alan Davidson in 1974. Davidson published some of the recipes in his Fish and Fish Dishes of Laos in 1975, and afterwards arranged for them to be translated in full by Phouangphet Vannithone and Boon Song Klausner. They were published in a bilingual edition, illustrated by Soun Vannithone, in 1981.

Souvanna Phouma
Prince Souvanna Phouma (Lao: ສຸວັນນະພູມາ; 7 October 1901 – 10 January 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, and 1962–1975).
Kosumce
Kosumce [kɔˈsumt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karczew, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

From 1975 to 1998 Kosumce was in Warsaw Voivodeship. Voivodeship Road 799 runs through the village.

Neighbouring villages include Dziecinów, Ostrówek and Piotrowice.

Dziecinów, Otwock County
Dziecinów (Polish: [d͡ʑɛˈt͡ɕinuf]) is a village in Otwock County, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory. The village covers an area of 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi). It has approximately 704 inhabitants (2007). In the village is Voivodship Road 801, Voivodship Road 799 and Voivodship Road 805 and the sports club Wisła Dziecinów. It lies near the Vistula river. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Siedlce Voivodeship.
Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
The Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (CSPT; French: Société Canadienne de Pharmacologie et de Thérapeutique) is an academic association whose mission is the promotion of research and education in pharmacology and therapeutics in Canada.  It  comprises graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, established investigators and clinical scientists working in academia, clinical practice, government, and industry.  Despite being based in Canada and having a majority of Canadian members, this is not a condition of membership, and the Society has members from all over the world. The CSPT is the Canadian member of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) is a voluntary, non-profit association representing the interests of scientists in pharmacology-related fields to facilitate Better Medicines through Global Education and Research around the world.
Colegio Marista San José
Colegio Marista San José is a comprehensive school, ages three to eighteen, in León, Spain. It continues to be run by the Marist Brothers who opened it in 1951.

On October 12, 29 Marist Brothers opened the school to 1106 students. The enrollment capacity in 2015 was given as infant education (225), primary (450), secondary (357), baccalaureate science and technology (198) and humanities and social sciences (140).

Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic religious institute of brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from France, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s, several instances of sexual abuse within Marist-run institutions have been reported in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
Abolhassan Naeini
Dr. Abolhassan Naeini (Persian: ابوالحسن نائینی, born 1955 in Qazvin) is an Iranian academic and the former chancellor of Imam Khomeini International University from 2004 to 2006 and also from 2014 to 2021.

He graduated from New Jersey Institute of Technology and later received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology.

Naeini was the only chancellor of the university who was elected as by faculty member. Since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office in 2005 this method changed and again all university chancellors were selected by government, so after one year, in 2006 Dr. Hassan Ghafouri Fard a member of Islamic Coalition Party was appointed as his successor by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

Hassan Ghafourifard
Hassan Ghafourifard (Persian: حسن غفوری‌فرد; 5 August 1943 – 9 March 2023) was an Iranian academic and conservative politician. Ghafourifard held government portfolios in the 1980s, before being appointed to the Physical Education Organization under president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

Ghafourifard was born on 5 August 1943. He represented Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat, and Eslamshahr twice in the Parliament of Iran, as well as serving a brief spell from Mashhad and Kalat electoral district.

Ghafourifard ran for Iranian presidential elections twice, and was defeated in both October 1981 and 2001 elections.

Ghafourifard died on 9 March 2023, at the age of 79.
A43 road (Northern Ireland)
The A43 is a primary route in east Ulster. The road starts in Ballymena, goes north, to Martinstown, then crosses the Antrim Hills, and descends into Glenure. The A43 terminates along the coast by A2, in the small town of Glenure.

Towns on its route are;

Ballymena (for M2, A26, A36, A42)

Martinstown

Glenariff (for A2)

A2 road (Northern Ireland)
54°40′55″N 5°52′48″W﻿ / ﻿54.682°N 5.880°W﻿ / 54.682; -5.880

The A2 is a major road in Northern Ireland, a considerable length of which is often referred to the Antrim Coast Road because much of it follows the scenic coastline of County Antrim; other parts of the road follow the coasts in Counties Down and Londonderry.

Mainly a single lane in each direction, the road follows most of the coastline of Northern Ireland. It is connected in several places to other major roads.
Heinz Billing
Heinz Billing (7 April 1914 – 4 January 2017) was a German physicist and computer scientist, widely considered a pioneer in the construction of computer systems and computer data storage, who built a prototype laser interferometric gravitational wave detector.

Drum memory
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria.  Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory.

Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer.  Some drums were also used as secondary storage as for example various IBM drum storage drives, and the UNIVAC Flying head and FASTRAND series of drums.

Drums were displaced as primary computer memory by magnetic core memory, which offered a better balance of size, speed, cost, reliability and potential for further improvements.  Drums were then replaced by hard disk drives for secondary storage, which were both less expensive and offered denser storage. The manufacturing of drums ceased in the 1970s.
Word stem
In linguistics, a word stem is a word part responsible for a word's lexical meaning. The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question. For instance, in Athabaskan linguistics, a verb stem is a root that cannot appear on its own and that carries the tone of the word.

Typically, a stem remains unmodified during inflection with few exceptions due to apophony (for example in Polish, miast-o ("city") and w mieść-e ("in the city"); in English, sing, sang, and sung, where it can be modified according to morphological rules or peculiarities, such as sandhi).

Word stem comparisons across languages have helped reveal cognates that have allowed comparative linguists to determine language families and their history.

Lexical item
In lexicography, a lexical item is a single word, a part of a word,  or a chain of words (catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈ vocabulary). Examples are cat, traffic light, take care of, by the way, and it's raining cats and dogs. Lexical items can be generally understood to convey a single meaning, much as a lexeme, but are not limited to single words. Lexical items are like semes in that they are "natural units" translating between languages, or in learning a new language. In this last sense, it is sometimes said that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, and not lexicalized grammar. The entire store of lexical items in a language is called its lexis.

Lexical items composed of more than one word are also sometimes called  lexical chunks, gambits, lexical phrases, lexicalized stems, or speech formulae. The term polyword listemes is also sometimes used.
Copper sheathing
Copper sheathing is a method for protecting the hull of a wooden vessel from attack by shipworm, barnacles and other marine  growth through the use of copper plates affixed to the surface of the hull, below the waterline. It was pioneered and developed by the Royal Navy during the 18th century. In antiquity, ancient Vietnamese and later Chinese used copper plates while ancient Greeks used lead plates to protect the underwater hull.

Galvanic corrosion
Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion or dissimilar metal corrosion) is an electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes preferentially when it is in electrical contact with another, different metal, when both in the presence of an electrolyte. A similar galvanic reaction is exploited in single-use battery cells to generate a useful electrical voltage to power portable devices. This phenomenon is named after Italian physician Luigi Galvani (1737–1798).

A similar type of corrosion caused by the presence of an external electric current is called electrolytic corrosion.
Vampyriscus
Vampyriscus (meaning: small vampire bat) is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats.

There are three species previously included in the genus Vampyressa. The two genera are differentiated by the morphology of their bones and teeth and the pattern of their pelage. Phylogenetic analyses support the separation of the genera. Older sources recognize Vampyriscus as a subgenus of Vampyressa.

Species:

Vampyriscus bidens – bidentate yellow-eared bat

Vampyriscus brocki – Brock's yellow-eared bat

Vampyriscus nymphaeus – striped yellow-eared bat

Brock's yellow-eared bat
Brock's yellow-eared bat (Vampyriscus brocki) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Peru.

This bat lives in evergreen forest. It eats mostly fruit. It breeds during the rainy season.
Eucalyptus cladocalyx
Eucalyptus cladocalyx, commonly known as sugar gum, is a species of eucalypt tree found in the Australian state of South Australia. It is found naturally in three distinct populations - in the Flinders Ranges, Eyre Peninsula and on Kangaroo Island.

Eucalypt
Eucalypt is any woody plant with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to one of seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australia:
Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis and Arillastrum. In Australia, they are commonly known as gum trees or stringybarks.
Mangfall Mountains
The Mangfall Mountains (German: Mangfallgebirge，pronounced [ˈmaŋfalɡəˌbɪʁɡə]), or sometimes Mangfall Alps, are the easternmost part of the Bavarian Prealps that, in turn, belong to the Northern Limestone Alps. The name comes from the river Mangfall, whose tributaries, the Rottach, Weißach, Schlierach and Leitzach, drain large parts of the area and form an important drinking water reservoir for the city of Munich.

Northern Limestone Alps
The Northern Limestone Alps (German: Nördliche Kalkalpen), also called the Northern Calcareous Alps, are the ranges of the Eastern Alps north of the Central Eastern Alps located in Austria and the adjacent Bavarian lands of southeastern Germany. The distinction from the latter group, where the higher peaks are located, is based on differences in geological composition.
1:50 scale
1:50 scale is a popular size for diecast models from European manufacturers such as Conrad, Tekno, NZG, WSI and LionToys.  Typically they produce scale models of construction vehicles, tower cranes, trucks and buses.  These are often the official models distributed by the manufacturers of the real vehicles as a promotional items for prospective customers.  These models are also very popular in Europe despite their small size compared to stamped metal construction toys which are usually found in the US.

This scale is similar to O scale used in model trains and 1:50 scale will appear compatible with 1:48 scale models as produced by US manufacturers of O scale model trains and some makers of military vehicles (especially aircraft).

Tekno (toy manufacturer)
Tekno is a Danish manufacturing company (as "Dansk Legetojs Industri") of scale model trucks and other vehicles, currently headquartered in De Lier, Netherlands. Originally established and based in Copenhagen, Tekno began manufacturing construction toys in 1928 and model vehicles immediately after World War II, selling 1 million a year during its peak.

While it began as a toy company, its later shifted to promotional truck models as adult collectibles, and the company's headquarters was moved to the Netherlands. In the past, Tekno also manufactured model cars and airplanes.
USS Laub (DD-263)
The first USS Laub (DD-263) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy and transferred to the Royal Navy where she served as HMS Burwell (H94) during World War II. She was named for Henry Laub.

Clemson-class destroyer
The Clemson class was a series of 156 destroyers (six more were cancelled and never begun) built at the end of World War I, the majority of which served with the United States Navy from after World War I and through World War II.

The Clemson-class ships were commissioned by the United States Navy from 1919 to 1922, built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, William Cramp & Sons, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Bath Iron Works, some quite rapidly. The Clemson class was a minor redesign of the Wickes class for greater fuel capacity and was the last pre-World War II class of flush-deck destroyers to be built for the United States. Until the Fletcher-class destroyer, the Clemsons were the most numerous class of destroyers commissioned in the United States Navy and were known colloquially as "flush-deckers", "four-stackers" or "four-pipers".
Paulo Pezzolano
Paulo César Pezzolano Suárez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈpawlo pesoˈlano]; born 25 April 1983) is an Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Internacional.

Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (commonly referred to as the Brasileirão Série B, the Série B or the Brazilian Série B to distinguish it from the Italian Serie B), and currently officially called Brasileirão Série B Superbet for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Brazilian football league system, which is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation.

The competition was played for the first time in 1971, and for a long time, the competition format was inconsistent, with changes happening frequently. Also, there were years where the competition was not played at all.

Since 2006 it has been contested by 20 teams in a double round-robin format with 38 matches, with the top four teams being promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A group and the bottom four teams being relegated to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.
Cross Bay Walk
The Cross Bay Walk is a historical hiking route in Northwest England that crosses Morecambe Bay. It traditionally connected Hest Bank, Lancashire with Kents Bank, Cumbria. The exact route of the walk varies depending upon local conditions, but is usually between 6 and 8 mi (9.7 and 12.9 km) in length.

Morecambe Bay
Morecambe Bay forms part of the Irish Sea, bordered by the English counties of Cumbria to the north and Lancashire to the east and south. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 120 sq mi (310 km2). In 1974, the second largest gas field in the UK was discovered 25 mi (40 km) west of Blackpool, with original reserves of over 7 trillion cubic feet (tcf) (200 billion cubic metres). At its peak, 15% of Britain's gas supply came from the bay but production is now in decline. Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant birdlife and varied marine habitats.
President of the United Nations General Assembly
The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly.

Latin American and Caribbean Group
The Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries, or GRULAC, is one of the five United Nations Regional Groups composed of 33 Member States from Central and South America, as well as island nations in the Caribbean. Its members compose 17% of all United Nations members.

The Group, as with all the regional groups, is a non-binding dialogue group where subjects concerning regional and international matters are discussed. Additionally, the Group works to help allocates seats on United Nations bodies by nominating candidates from the region.

In 1985, the group was known as the Latin American Group. Starting in 1986, the name Latin American and Caribbean Group is used in statements by the group Chair.
CKRM
CKRM is an AM radio station in Regina, Saskatchewan, broadcasting at 620 kHz. Owned by Harvard Media, CKRM broadcasts a full service country format.

Alongside music programming, CKRM is notably the flagship station of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, and the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League.

James Armstrong Richardson Sr.
James Armstrong Richardson Sr. (August 21, 1885 – June 26, 1939) was an influential business person in Canada in both business and aviation during the early part of the 20th century. He lived most of his life in Winnipeg.
Kenichiro Ueno
Kenichiro Ueno (上野 賢一郎, Ueno Kenichirō; born 3 August 1965) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who serves as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Nagahama, Shiga and graduate of Kyoto University, he joined the Ministry of Home Affairs (now part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) in 1990. After an unsuccessful run 2003, he was elected for the first time in 2005. In 2010, he ran for governor of Shiga, but lost to incumbent Yukiko Kada. He has served as Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare since 21 October 2025.

Yukiko Kada
Yukiko Kada (嘉田 由紀子, Kada Yukiko; born May 18, 1950) is a Japanese politician and member of the National Diet of Japan, serving as member of the House of Councillors from Shiga Prefecture since 2019. She was the governor of Shiga for two terms from 2006 to 2014.