hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Models of DNA evolution
A number of different Markov models of DNA sequence evolution have been proposed.  These substitution models differ in terms of the parameters used to describe the rates at which one nucleotide replaces another during evolution. These models are frequently used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. In particular, they are used during the calculation of likelihood of a tree (in Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to tree estimation) and they are used to estimate the evolutionary distance between sequences from the observed differences between the sequences.

Transition (genetics)
Transition, in genetics and molecular biology, refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G), or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T). Approximately two out of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are transitions.

Transitions can be caused by oxidative deamination and tautomerization. Although there are twice as many possible transversions, transitions appear more often in genomes, possibly due to the molecular mechanisms that generate them.  Transitions are more likely to be synonymous substitutions than transversions, as one observes in the codon table.

5-Methylcytosine is more prone to transition than unmethylated cytosine, due to spontaneous deamination. This mechanism is important because it dictates the rarity of CpG islands.
Belleayre Mountain
Belleayre Mountain is a ski resort in Highmount, New York, United States, located on a mountain of the same name within Catskill Park. It is owned by the Olympic Regional Development Authority (ORDA). There are 62 trails served by 4 chairlifts and 1 gondola with a vertical drop of 1,404 ft (427.9 m). Skier and snowboarder visits have grown significantly over the years, with 237,825 visits in the 2022-23 season.

Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group
Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group is an international manufacturer of ropeways and people movers for ski areas, urban transport, amusement parks, and material handling systems. As of 2023, the group had produced over 15,400 installations in 96 countries. Their annual revenue in 2022/2023 was 946 million euros. The Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group was formed in 2002 when Doppelmayr of Wolfurt, Austria merged with Garaventa AG of Switzerland to form the world's largest ropeway manufacturer.
James H. Doyle
James Henry Doyle (August 22, 1897 – February 1, 1981) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy. During the Korean War, he commanded the U.S. Navy, Marine, and Army forces of Amphibious Group 1, and was personally responsible for the execution of the amphibious phase of the Battle of Inchon in 1950. Admiral Doyle’s naval attack force put 13,000 Marines ashore on a coastline, together with all their heavy weapons and equipment. USS Doyle was named in his honor.

His son, James H. Doyle, Jr., was also a vice admiral.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Worrowing Heights
Worrowing Heights is a locality in the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It lies west of Vincentia, which is on Jervis Bay, and north of St Georges Basin. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 506.

Jervis Bay
Jervis Bay (/ˈdʒɜːrvɪs, ˈdʒɑːr-/) is a 102-square-kilometre (39 sq mi) oceanic bay and village in the Jervis Bay Territory and on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

A 70-square-kilometre (27 sq mi) area of land around the southern headland of the bay, known as the Jervis Bay Territory, is not a part of the Australian Capital Territory (though some services are shared). The Territory includes the settlements of Jervis Bay Village and Wreck Bay Village. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) base, HMAS Creswell, is in the Jervis Bay Territory between Jervis Bay Village and Greenpatch Point.
Bhoja tribe
The Bhoja tribes were a collection of semi-Aryan ancient tribes, located in India during the Late Vedic Period. They are described as being an offshoot of the Yadava tribe in the Indian epic of Mahabharata. They were a branch of the Andhaka clan, who were in turn descendants of the Satvata clan descended from King Yadu. The Bhojas were sub-divided into eighteen branches and ruled from their capital at Mrittikavati, on the banks of  the Parnasa river in Central India.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Akçaabat
Akçaabat is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its area is 375 km2, and its population is 129,290 (2022). It lies on the Black Sea coast, to the west of the city of Trabzon. Its elevation is ten metres (33 ft). Akçaabat is a coastal town known for its local soccer team Akçaabat Sebatspor, its kofta dish Akçaabat köfte and the Akçaabat Horonu dance. Akçaabat has hosted an international folklore festival since 1990, and it was a venue for the archery and athletics competitions of the First Black Sea Games held in 2007.

Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus (Ancient Greek: Πόντος Pontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its greatest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated.

The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian, with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC.
2018 Taolu World Cup
The 2018 Taolu World Cup was the second edition of the Taolu World Cup. It was held at the Thuwunna National Indoor Stadium (1) in Yangon, Myanmar from November 14 to 18, 2018. Athletes qualified for this competition by placing in the top-eight of any taolu individual event at the 2017 World Wushu Championships.

Taolu World Cup
The Taolu World Cup is an elite-level international sports championship hosted by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) for the sport of wushu taolu. Athletes qualify by placing in the top-eight of a standard taolu event at the prior World Wushu Championships. Renditions in 2016 and 2018 have been held so far with the 3rd Taolu World Cup being rescheduled first for 2022, but later for 2024.
Balochistan, Afghanistan
Balochistan (Balochi: گۏریچی بلۏچستان, romanized: Góríci Balòcestàn) or Afghan Baluchistan (Balochi: اوگانی بلوچستان, romanized: Apgáni Balòcestàn) is an arid, mountainous region that includes part of southern and southwestern Afghanistan. It extends into southeastern Iran and western Pakistan and is named after the Baloch people.

Nimruz Province
Nimruz or Nimroz located in the southwestern part of the country. It lies to the east of the Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran and north of Balochistan, Pakistan, also bordering Farah and Helmand. It has a population of around 186,000 people. Historically inhabitants by ethnic Baloch people

The name Nimruz means "mid-day" or "half-day" in Balochi. The name is believed to indicate that the meridian cutting the old world in half passes through this region.
Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres
The women's 200 metres was the second-shortest of the four women's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo.  It was held on 18 October and 19 October 1964.  42 athletes from 27 nations entered, with 6 not starting in the first round.  The first round and the semifinal were held on 18 October, with the final on 19 October. The winning margin was 0.1 seconds.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics
At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the athletics competition included 36 events, 24 for men and 12 for women.  The women's 400 metres and women's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games. There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries.
Triumph Tiger Cub
The Triumph Tiger Cub was a 200 cc (12 cu in) single-cylinder British motorcycle made by Triumph Motorcycles at their Meriden factory in the West Midlands. Based on the Triumph T15 Terrier 150 cc, itself a surprise announcement just before the 1952 show, the 200 cc T20 Tiger Cub was designed by Edward Turner, and launched at the Earls Court show in November 1953. It competed well against the other small-capacity motorcycles of the time, such as those using two-stroke engines from Villiers.

Triumph Engineering
Triumph Engineering Co Ltd was a British motorcycle manufacturing company, based originally in Coventry and then in Meriden. A new company, Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, based in Hinckley, gained the name rights after the end of the company in the 1980s and is now one of the world's major motorcycle manufacturers.
2013 World Junior Curling Championships
The 2013 World Junior Curling Championships were held from February 28 to March 10 at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi, Russia. Sochi is also scheduled to host the curling tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics
The curling competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Ice Cube Curling Center, nicknamed "the Ice Cube". It is the sixth time that curling was on the Olympic program. In both the men's and women's competitions, ten nations competed. These two events took place from 10 to 21 February 2014.

The Canadian women's team went through the whole competition undefeated, the first time this has happened in an Olympic women's curling competition.  Additionally, both the Canadian men's and women's teams won the gold medal, becoming the first country to do so in the history of the event.
Carminic acid
Carminic acid (C22H20O13) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthrapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal, Armenian cochineal, and Polish cochineal. The insects produce the acid as a deterrent to predators. An aluminum salt of carminic acid is the coloring agent in carmine, a pigment.  Natives of Peru had been producing cochineal dyes for textiles since at least 700 CE.  Synonyms are C.I. 75470 and C.I. Natural Red 4.

The chemical structure of carminic acid consists of a core anthraquinone structure linked to a glucose sugar unit.  Carminic acid was first synthesized in the laboratory by organic chemists in 1991. In 2018, researchers genetically engineered the microbe Aspergillus nidulans to produce carminic acid.

It was previously thought that it contains α-D-glucopyranosyl residue, which was later redetermined to be the β-D-glucopyranosyl anomer.

Aromatization
Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor.  Typically aromatization is achieved by dehydrogenation of existing cyclic compounds, illustrated by the conversion of cyclohexane into benzene.  Aromatization includes the formation of heterocyclic systems.

The conversion of methylcyclohexane to toluene is a classic aromatization reaction.  This platinum (Pt)-catalyzed process is practiced on scale in the production of gasoline from petroleum.
Gilbert Harman
Gilbert Harman (May 26, 1938 – November 13, 2021) was an American philosopher, who taught at Princeton University from 1963 until his retirement in 2017.  He published widely in philosophy of language, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, ethics, moral psychology, epistemology, statistical learning theory, and metaphysics.  He and George Miller co-directed the Princeton University Cognitive Science Laboratory.  Harman taught or co-taught courses in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology, Philosophy, and Linguistics.

Jean Nicod Prize
The Jean Nicod Prize is awarded annually in Paris to a leading philosopher of mind or philosophically oriented cognitive scientist. The lectures are organized by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique as part of its effort to promote interdisciplinary research in cognitive science in France. The 1993 lectures marked the centenary of the birth of the French philosopher and logician Jean Nicod (1893–1924). Besides the CNRS, sponsors include the École Normale Supérieure and the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. The Jean Nicod lecturer is expected to deliver at least four lectures on a topic of his or her choice, and subsequently to publish the set of lectures, or a monograph based on them in the Jean Nicod Lectures series (MIT Press/Bradford Books; F. Recanati editor).
The Spierig Brothers
Identical twin brothers Peter Spierig and Michael Spierig (/ˈspiːrɪɡ/ ⓘ), known collectively as the Spierig Brothers, are German-Australian film directors, producers, and screenwriters. They are best known for their 2014 sci-fi thriller, Predestination, and 2017 horror, Jigsaw.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
James Bay Energy
The Société d'énergie de la Baie James is the company in charge of building the hydroelectric development known as the James Bay Project in northern Quebec. It was established in December 1971 by the Société de développement de la Baie James (SDBJ), a Crown corporation of the province of Quebec and became a wholly owned subsididiary of Hydro-Québec in 1978.

Robert Bourassa
Robert Bourassa GOQ (French pronunciation: [ʁɔbɛʁ buʁasa]; July 14, 1933 – October 2, 1996) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd premier of Quebec from 1970 to 1976 and from 1985 to 1994. A member of the Liberal Party of Quebec, he served a total of just under 15 years as premier. Bourassa's tenure was marked by major events affecting Quebec, including the October Crisis and the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords.
2022 Cebu local elections
Local elections were held in the province of Cebu on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 Philippine general election. Voters selected from among candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice governor, governor and representatives for the seven districts of Cebu (including two districts of Cebu City, the lone district of Lapu-Lapu City and the lone district of Mandaue City).

2022 Philippine general election
The 2022 Philippine general election took place on May 9, 2022, for the executive and legislative branches of government at every level – national, provincial, and local – except for the barangay officials.

At the top of the ballot is the election for the successors to President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo. There were also elections for:

12 seats of the Senate

All 316 seats of the House of Representatives

All 81 governors and vice governors, and 782 seats of the provincial boards in all provinces

All 146 city mayors and vice mayors, and 1,650 seats of the city councils in all cities

All 1,488 municipal mayors and vice mayors, and 11,908 seats of the municipal councils in all municipalities

The first election of the Bangsamoro Parliament was scheduled to be held on the same date, but was rescheduled to 2025.

This is the first election in Davao de Oro under that name, as it was renamed from Compostela Valley in December 2019 after a successful plebiscite.
Mount Edgcumbe House
Mount Edgcumbe House is a stately home in south-east Cornwall and is a Grade II listed building, whilst its gardens and parkland are listed as Grade I in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.

Mount Edgcumbe Country Park is situated in the parish of Maker on the Rame Peninsula, overlooking Plymouth Sound; its main entrance is in the village of Cremyll.

From Tudor times, it was the principal seat of the Edgcumbe family, many of whom served as MP before Richard Edgcumbe was raised to the peerage as Baron Edgcumbe in 1742. His 2nd son, George, was advanced to the rank of Earl in 1789.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
HD 217107 c
HD 217107 c is an extrasolar planet approximately 64 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Pisces (the Fish).  The planet was the second planet to be discovered orbiting the star HD 217107.  HD 217107 c's existence was hypothesized in 1998 due to the eccentricity of the inner planet's orbit and confirmed in 2005 when radial velocity studies of the star indicated another, more distant and massive companion orbiting the star.  The planet has an eccentric orbit lasting on order of a decade.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
1957 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1957 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 59th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 24 November 1957 at the Athletic Grounds in Fermoy, between Nemo Rangers and Mitchelstown, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Nemo Rangers won the match by 1–05 to 0–05 to claim their first ever championship title.

1895 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 13 October 1895 at the Town Park in Mallow, between William O'Briens and Dromtarriffe. William O'Briens won the match by 0–04 to 0–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Bristol Motor Speedway
Stock car racing events in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series have been held at Bristol Motor Speedway, in Bristol, Tennessee during numerous seasons and times of year since the series’ inception in 1982. From 2021 to 2023, the series has had one date. However, when the 2025 schedule was announced, the series returned to 2 dates.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
Enemy of the System
Enemy of the System is a studio album by the ska band the Toasters, released in 2002. The album was the first Toasters release on Asian Man Records; their long standing label Moon Ska Records became defunct in 2000. It was released 5 years after Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down, due to the demise of ska label Moon Ska and, also, the decrease of third wave ska's mainstream popularity that saw the disappearance of a lot of ska bands some years before. The band supported the album with a North American tour. "Dog Eat Dog" is about the music business and the band's label struggles.

Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down
Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down is the seventh studio album by the Toasters. The album's cover includes the supposed-Latin motto, "Illegitimis non carborundum", which is supposed to mean "one must not be ground down by the bastards", although it is largely faux-Latin, with "carborundum" (intended to look like a Latin gerundive) actually referring to silicon carbide, a type of abrasive.
Alona, Greece
Alona (Greek: Άλωνα, before 1927: Αρμένσκον – Armenskon; Bulgarian & Macedonian: Арменско‎) is a mountainous village in the region of Florina, northern Greece. It is located on the slope of mountain Pelister, in an average height of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). According to the 2021 Greek census, it had 164 inhabitants.

Macedonian Committee
The Macedonian Committee (Greek: Μακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Makedoniko Komitato), formally the Hellenic Macedonian Committee (Ελληνομακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Ellinomakedoniko Komitato), was a Greek revolutionary organization with the aim of liberating Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Monastir and Salonika), active during the Macedonian Struggle that also included Bulgarian and Serb revolutionary organizations.