hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boxing at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Lightweight
The lightweight was one of five boxing weight classes contested on the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Like all other boxing events, it was open only to men.  The boxing competitions were held on October 27. The lightweight was the middle class, allowing boxers of up to 140 pounds (63.5 kg). Twelve boxers from three nations competed. Each NOC could enter up to 12 boxers. Australasia entered 1 boxer, who withdrew; France entered 3 boxers, 2 of whom withdrew; Denmark entered 2 boxers; and Great Britain entered 9 boxers.

Boxing at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, five boxing events were contested. All of the boxing was conducted on 27 October. The event was held in the Northampton Institute in Clerkenwell, East London.

There were three rounds in each bout, with the first two rounds being three minutes long and the last one going four minutes. Two judges scored the match, giving 5 points to the better boxer in each of the first two rounds and 7 to the better boxer in the third round. Marks were given to the other boxer in proportion to how well he did compared to the better. If the judges were not agreed on a winner at the end of the bout, the referee could either choose the winner or order a fourth round.
Sport in Kosovo
Popular team sports in Kosovo include football, basketball, volleyball, handball, and rugby, whereas major individual sports include wrestling, judo, swimming, boxing, karate and skiing.

Kosovo has seen more success internationally in individual sports, in particular judo, with 66 medals won in total, including 36 European medals, three Olympic gold medals, as well as nine World Judo medals and nine medals at the Mediterranean Games.

Previously, boxing had a high-profile role in Kosovo when it was part of the former Yugoslavia, winning 22 medals overall. Boxers from Kosovo won nine medals at the Mediterranean Games (three were gold medals) followed by seven medals in European Boxing, four medals in World Boxing and one Olympic bronze medal in 1984 by Aziz Salihu. Donjeta Sadiku would win the first ever gold medal for Kosovo at the Female Boxing World Cup in Warsaw (the first gold medal for the country in boxing since their Independence).

KB Peja
Klubi i Basketbollit Peja (English: Basketball Club Peja) is a Kosovan professional basketball club based in Pejë. The club competes in the Kosovo Basketball Superleague, Kosovo Cup and Liga Unike.

The team's roster has included big names like Acie Earl, Fred House, Ricardo Marsh, Samir Shaptahu, Dardan Berisha, Ersid Luca, Drilon Hajrizi and Gerti Shima.
Football at the 2023 Arab Games
The men's football tournament at the 2023 Arab Games was held from 2 to 14 July 2023 in Algeria, following an 11-year hiatus. Matches will be played in Annaba and Constantine. For the first time, teams are restricted to under-23 players, and a maximum of three over-aged players.

Bahrain were the defending champions, having beat Jordan in the final of the 2011 edition.

Football at the 2011 Arab Games
The men's football tournament at the 2011 Arab Games was held in Al Rayyan, Qatar from 10 to 23 December. The tournament was played at three venues in one host city. Egypt were the defending champions from the 2007 Arab Games in Cairo. Bahrain clinched the Gold Medal after beating Jordan 1–0.
USS Cruise
USS Cruise (AM/MSF-215) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean.

She was launched 21 March 1943 by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Inc., Tampa, Florida; completed by Charleston Navy Yard; and commissioned 21 September 1945, Lieutenant S. F. Luce, USNR, in command.

Cruise visited New York between 19 December 1945 and 5 January 1946, then sailed by way of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; the Panama Canal Zone; and Salina Cruz, Mexico, for San Pedro, Los Angeles, arriving 3 February.
Originally destined for Pearl Harbor, she was ordered back to the east coast, sailing 20 March and arriving at Galveston, Texas, 22 April.
Sailing on to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Cruise was placed out of commission in reserve there on 5 September 1946. She was reclassified MSF-215 on 7 February 1955. On 1 July 1972 she was struck from the Navy List.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
Ivar Leimus
Ivar Leimus (born 3 June 1953) is an Estonian historian and numismatist.

In 1979 he graduated from Tartu University in history. Since 1976 he has worked for Tartu University.

Since 2003 he is the chairperson of the Estonian Academic History Society (Estonian: Eesti Akadeemiline Ajalooselts).

Awards:

2007: Order of the White Star, IV class.

Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist, researcher, and/or well-informed collector of numismatics/coins ("of coins"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists can include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholar-researchers who use coins (and possibly, other currency) in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before then all over the world. The branch of numismatics that deals with the study and collection of paper currency and banknotes is called notaphily.
Château de Varey
The Château de Varey is an ancient fortified castle, from the 12th century, restored in the 19th century. It is located in the commune of Saint-Jean-le-Vieux, one kilometer east of the town, in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

The façades and roof of the château are listed as a Monument historique by decree of 21 March 1983.

Feoffment
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment /ˈfɛfmənt/ or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept.
Lupinica
Lupinica (pronounced [luˈpiːnitsa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. It lies at the end of a small valley southeast of Šmartno just beyond Velika Kostrevnica. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Velika Kostrevnica
Velika Kostrevnica (pronounced [ˈʋeːlika kɔˈstɾeːu̯nitsa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. It lies in a small valley southeast of Šmartno. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Mutual funds in India
The first introduction of a mutual fund in India occurred in 1963, when the Government of India launched the Unit Trust of India (UTI). Mutual funds are broadly categorised into three segments: equity funds, hybrid funds, and debt funds.

Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Limited (IL&FS) is an Indian state-funded infrastructure development and finance company. It was created by public sector banks and insurance companies.

It operates through more than 250 subsidiaries including IL&FS Investment managers, IL&FS financial services and IL&FS Transportation networks India Limited (ITNL). Its projects include some of the largest infrastructure projects in India including India's longest tunnel, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel, which opened for traffic in April 2017. After the company defaulted on its loans in 2018, the Government of India took control of the company and appointed a new board.
The Crooked Banister
The Crooked Banister is the forty-eighth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1971 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Harriet Stratemeyer Adams.

Nancy Drew Mystery Stories
The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories is the long-running 'main' series of the Nancy Drew franchise, which was published under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. There are 175 novels and 34 revised stories that were published between 1930 and 2003 under the banner. Grosset & Dunlap published the first 56, and 34 revised stories, while Simon & Schuster published the series beginning with volume 57.

A spinoff, the Nancy Drew Files, ran concurrently from 1986 to 1997. In 2003, Simon & Schuster announced that Nancy Drew Mystery Stories would end and be replaced by a new, more contemporary series titled Nancy Drew: Girl Detective. Launched in 2004, the series ended in 2012. The Nancy Drew Diaries was launched in its place in 2013.
A Treasure
A Treasure is a live album by Canadian / American musician Neil Young, released on June 14, 2011, featuring performances from his 1984–1985 U.S. tour with the International Harvesters. The album is volume nine in Young's Archives Performance Series and the sixth to be released.

Ben Keith
Bennett Keith Schaeufele (March 6, 1937–July 26, 2010), better known by his stage name Ben Keith, was an American musician and record producer.  Known primarily for his work as a pedal steel guitarist with Neil Young, Keith was a fixture of the Nashville country music community in the 1950s and 1960s before working with numerous successful rock, country and pop artists as both a producer and versatile, multi-instrumentalist sideman for over four decades. Neil Young affectionately referred to him as "Long Grain" (a joking word play reference to a variety of Uncle Ben's Rice and to Ben's height). Keith was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2014.
Holding Back the River
Holding Back the River is the second studio album released by the Scottish pop rock quartet Wet Wet Wet. Released on 30 October 1989, the album, intentionally written as a lyrical follow-up to the band's debut album Popped In Souled Out, spawned the singles "Sweet Surrender", "Broke Away", "Hold Back the River" and "Stay With Me Heartache" and peaked at #2 on the UK Albums Chart.

Aside from the nine tracks found on the standard album, "How the Hell Did They Get There" appears as a hidden track on the CD and digital download versions, having previously been released as a B-side to the album's lead single, "Sweet Surrender". Outside of the UK, the album saw particular success in Australia, where it was certified Gold and re-released in the form of a limited edition coloured vinyl.

"Broke Away" was released on 27 November 1989, entering the charts at number 39 the following Sunday. It peaked four weeks later at number 19.

Popped In Souled Out
Popped in Souled Out is the debut studio album by Scottish band Wet Wet Wet. It was released on 21 September 1987. Its offspring singles were "Wishing I Was Lucky", "Sweet Little Mystery", "Angel Eyes (Home and Away)" and "Temptation". Upon release, it reached number two on the UK Albums Chart, held off top spot by Michael Jackson's Bad. It reached number one on 16 January 1988. A 5-CD 30th Anniversary Edition was released on 22 September 2017.

The vinyl issue of the album only contained the first 9 tracks.
RAF Worksop
Royal Air Force Worksop, or more simply RAF Worksop, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located at Scofton, 2.8 miles (4.5 km) north east of Worksop, Nottinghamshire and 4.7 miles (7.6 km) west of Retford, Nottinghamshire, England.

No. 4 Flying Training School RAF
No. 4 Flying Training School is a Royal Air Force military flying training school, which manages Advanced Fast Jet Training (AFJT) from its base at RAF Valley in Anglesey, Wales. Its role is to provide fast jet aircrew to the Operational Conversion Units for the RAF's jet attack aircraft, the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning  II.

No. 4 FTS has primarily provided advanced flying and more recently jet aircraft training to aircrew students, although during World War II it was called upon to take part in offensive operations, a role it took on with great success.
Clock of the Long Now
31°26′54″N 104°54′14″W﻿ / ﻿31.44841°N 104.90384°W﻿ / 31.44841; -104.90384

The Clock of the Long Now, also called the 10,000-year clock, is a mechanical clock under construction that is designed to keep time for 10,000 years. It is being built by the Long Now Foundation. A two-meter prototype is on display at the Science Museum in London. As of June 2018, two more prototypes are on display at The Long Now Museum & Store at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco.

The project was conceived by Danny Hillis in 1989. The first prototype of the clock began working on December 31, 1999, just in time to display the transition to the year 2000. At midnight on New Year's Eve, the date indicator changed from 01999 to 02000, and the chime struck twice.

The manufacture and site construction of the first full-scale prototype clock is being funded by Jeff Bezos's investment firm Bezos Expeditions, with $42 million, and is on land which Bezos owns in the Sierra Diablo mountains in Texas.

Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019.

Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission, although visitors are requested to make a donation if they are able. Temporary exhibitions may incur an admission fee.

It is one of the five museums in the Science Museum Group.
Yamagata Castle
Yamagata Castle (山形城, Yamagata-jō) is a flatland-style Japanese castle located in the center of the city of Yamagata, eastern Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Throughout the Edo period, Yamagata Castle was the headquarters for the daimyō of Yamagata Domain. The castle was also known as "Ka-jō" (霞城). The castle grounds are protected as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government

Yamagata (city)
Yamagata (山形市, Yamagata-shi) is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 242,505 in 103,165 households, and a population density of 636 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 381.58 square kilometres (147 sq mi).
The Geochemist's Workbench
The Geochemist's Workbench (GWB) is an integrated set of interactive software tools for solving a range of problems in aqueous chemistry. The graphical user interface simplifies the use of the geochemical code.

Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
It is the subject of study of equilibrium chemistry.
Alphose Zingoni
Alphose Zingoni (born 1962) is a Zimbabwean–South African engineer and professor of structural engineering and mechanics in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Cape Town, and founder of the  Structural Engineering, Mechanics & Computation (SEMC) series of international conferences.

Shell (structure)
A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses.
Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures).

Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings.
Would It Kill You to Stop Doing That?
Would It Kill You To Stop Doing That? is a 2012 non-fiction book by the American humorist Henry Alford that details manners from around the world.

After being interested in a quote by Edmund Burke about how important manners are, Alford traveled around the world researching manners. He also interviews people such as etiquette authority Judith Martin.

Etiquette
Etiquette (/ˈɛtikɛt, -kɪt/) can be defined as a set of norms of personal behavior in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviors that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practiced by a society, a social class, or a social group. In modern English usage, the French word étiquette (label and tag) dates from the year 1750 and also originates from the French word for "ticket," possibly symbolizing a person's entry into society through proper behavior. There are many important historical figures that have helped to shape the meaning of the term as well as provide varying perspectives.
Dipeptidyl peptidase
Dipeptidyl peptidase is a type of enzyme classified under  EC 3.4.14.

Types include:

Cathepsin C, dipeptidyl peptidase-1

Dipeptidyl-peptidase II

DPP3, dipeptidyl peptidase-3

DPP4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4

DPP6, dipeptidyl peptidase-6

DPP7, dipeptidyl peptidase-7

DPP8, dipeptidyl peptidase-8

DPP9, dipeptidyl peptidase-9

DPP10, dipeptidyl peptidase-10

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4 or DPPIV), also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2 or CD26 (cluster of differentiation 26) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DPP4 gene. DPP4 is related to FAP, DPP8, and DPP9. The enzyme was discovered in 1966 by Hopsu-Havu and Glenner, and as a result of various studies on chemism, was called dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DP IV].
Gilman's Bazaar
Gilman's Bazaar (Chinese: 機利文新街) is a street in Central, in the north of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, connecting Des Voeux Road Central in the northeast to Queen's Road Central in the southwest.  An eastbound tram stop is located at its junction with Des Voeux Road Central.

The street is a well-known food street with more than 20 restaurants, including fast food, takeaway, Japanese cuisine, cha chaan teng, snake soup and bakeries.

It was named after Gilman, Bowman and Co., one of the four major British firms in Hong Kong in 1841 which occupied the area.

Gilman Street
Gilman Street (Chinese: 機利文街) is a street in Central, Hong Kong.

The street starts north at Connaught Road Central, crosses Des Voeux Road Central and continued as a dead-end pathway leading to several shops at the Centre. The street used to end at Queen's Road Central. The section between Des Voeux Road and Queen's Road used to allow vehicular traffic like the northern portion, and was once much wider. Nonetheless, as a result of large scale property developments like the Center, much of this section was demolished.

A tram stop is located at its junction with Des Voeux Road Central.
Isaak van Brinen
Isaak Abramovich van Brinen (Russian: Исаак Абрамович ван Бринен; 12 August 1768 – 2 December 1848) was a Russian diplomat. He was Privy Councillor starting in 1846. He was also a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire.

Privy Councillor (Russia)
Privy Councillor (Russian: тайный советник, romanized: tayny sovetnik) was the civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. Initially, it was a civil rank of the 4th class, but from 1724 it was upgraded to the 3rd class. The rank was equal to those of Lieutenant-General in the Army and Vice-Admiral in the Navy. The rank holder should be addressed as Your Excellency (Russian: Ваше Превосходительство, Vashe Prevoskhoditelstvo).
Chrysojasminum
Chrysojasminum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Oleaceae.

Its native range is Macaronesia, Mediterranean to central China and Sri Lanka, Ethiopia to Zambia.

Species:

Chrysojasminum bignoniaceum (Wall. ex G.Don) Banfi

Chrysojasminum floridum (Bunge) Banfi

Chrysojasminum fruticans (L.) Banfi

Chrysojasminum goetzeanum (Gilg) Banfi

Chrysojasminum humile (L.) Banfi

Chrysojasminum leptophyllum (Rafiq) Banfi

Chrysojasminum odoratissimum (L.) Banfi

Chrysojasminum parkeri (Dunn) Banfi

Chrysojasminum stans (Pax) Banfi

Chrysojasminum subhumile (W.W.Sm.) Banfi & Galasso

Chrysojasminum humile
Chrysojasminum humile (syn. Jasminum humile), the Italian jasmine or yellow jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae, native to Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Burma (Myanmar), the Himalayas and south west China (Gansu, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet), Yunnan). The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalized in Greece, Sicily and the former Yugoslavia.

Growing 2.5–4 m (8–13 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) wide, it is a roundish semi-evergreen shrub with thick stems. It has stout, dark green leaves, 5 cm long, with 5–7 imparipinnate leaflets. In protected areas it retains its leaves over winter, though in cold winters its foliage and buds may freeze. It blooms in spring and summer with clusters of usually six yellow, scented flowers.

Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which 'Revolutum' (syn. J. reevesii
 hort.) has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Interpunct
An interpunct ·, also known as an interpoint, middle dot, middot, or centered dot, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for interword separation in Classical Latin.  (Word-separating spaces did not appear until some time between 600 and 800 CE.) It appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages.

The multiplication dot or "dot operator" is frequently used in mathematical and scientific notation, and it may differ in appearance from the interpunct.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.