hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Sea Fleet
The North Sea Fleet (NSF; 北海舰队), concurrently the Northern Theater Command Navy (北部战区海军), is one of the three fleets of China's People's Liberation Army Navy. Headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, the fleet provides naval forces to the Northern Theater Command.

In September 1950, the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou (Port Arthur), the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou.

The fleet currently includes China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, as well as nuclear-powered attack and missile submarines.

The North Sea Fleet was historically the most capable of the Navy's three fleets, being the first in China to operate destroyers, shore-based missiles and nuclear submarines. In recent years however, the shift in strengthening of importance and strategic capabilities of the East and South Sea Fleets are more prioritised.

Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).
Centered icosahedral number
In mathematics, the centered icosahedral numbers also known as cuboctahedral numbers are a sequence of numbers, describing two different representations for these numbers as three-dimensional figurate numbers. As centered icosahedral numbers, they are centered numbers representing points arranged in the shape of a regular icosahedron. As cuboctahedral numbers, they represent points arranged in the shape of a cuboctahedron, and are a magic number for the face-centered cubic lattice. The centered icosahedral number for a specific  is given by

The first such numbers are

Figurate number
The term figurate number is used by different writers for members of different sets of numbers, generalizing from triangular numbers to different shapes (polygonal numbers) and different dimensions (polyhedral numbers). The ancient Greek mathematicians already considered triangular numbers, polygonal numbers, tetrahedral numbers, and pyramidal numbers, and subsequent mathematicians have included other classes of these numbers including numbers defined from other types of polyhedra and from their analogs in other dimensions.
Wilcot
Wilcot is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wilcot, Huish and Oare, in Wiltshire, England, in the Vale of Pewsey about 6 miles (10 km) southwest of Marlborough and 1.5 mi (2.4 km) northwest of Pewsey. In 2011 the parish had a population of 558.

The parish of Wilcot, Huish and Oare was created on 1 April 2021 by merging the small Huish parish with Wilcot parish, which besides Wilcot village covered the village of Oare and the hamlets of Draycot Fitz Payne, Rainscombe, West Stowell and Wilcot Green.

Pewsey
Pewsey is a village and civil parish at the centre of the Vale of Pewsey in Wiltshire, about 6 miles (10 km) south of Marlborough and 71 miles (114 km) west-southwest of London. It is within reach of the M4 motorway and the A303 and is served by Pewsey railway station on the Reading to Taunton line.

The parish includes the settlements of Kepnal to the east, Pewsey Wharf (on the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the north, Sharcott to the west, and Southcott on the south-east.
Edith Grøn
Edith Grøn (19 February 1917 – 15 March 1990) was a Danish-born Nicaraguan sculptor. She is considered to be the most significant 20th-century Nicaraguan sculptor. Her works are featured in public spaces throughout Nicaragua and abroad.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Minu Island
Minu Island (Persian: جزیره مینو and Arabic: جزيرة صلبوخ) is in Khorramshahr County of Khuzestan province in the Persian Gulf, in southwestern Iran.

The island is between the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr.  Minu District, which includes the city of Minushahr, is nearly co-extensive with the island.

Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr (Persian: خرمشهر; [xoræmˈʃæhɾ]) is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (Arabic: المحمرة).

Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level.
Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture
In mathematics, the Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture is a local-global principle for linear ordinary differential equations, related to differential Galois theory and in a loose sense analogous to the result in the Chebotarev density theorem considered as the polynomial case. It is a conjecture of Alexander Grothendieck from the late 1960s, and apparently not published by him in any form.

The general case remains unsolved, despite recent progress; it has been linked to geometric investigations involving algebraic foliations.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
US Sabot
The US Sabot is an American pram sailboat that was designed by Charles McGregor as a one-design racer and first built in 1939.

The design is a development of McGregor's Sabot, based upon the plans published in The Rudder magazine in 1939. The basic Sabot design has been widely adapted and other derivations include the leeboard-equipped Naples Sabot, as well as the daggerboard-equipped El Toro, Wind'ard Sabot and the Australian Holdfast Trainer.

Pram (boat)
A pram  is a small boat type which is typically less than 8 feet in length. The pram is a utility dinghy with a transom bow rather than a pointed bow. This type of pram provides a more efficient use of space than does a traditional skiff of the same size. The Mirror and Optimist sailboats are examples of this form. Modern prams are often 8 to 10 feet long and built of plywood, fibreglass, plastic or aluminum. They are usually oar powered.

The Norwegian pram is commonly made of solid timber with much fore-and-aft rocker with a U-shaped cross section. In New Zealand and Australia the most common pram is an arc or v bottom rowboat commonly made of 6mm marine plywood often sealed with paint and/or epoxy resin. In the past often used as a tender; it has been replaced in this role by the small inflatable.

There is an unrelated type of ship called "pram" or "pramm".
Curtis Bay Depot
Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Curtis Bay Depot is a former logistics center run by the Defense National Stockpile Center under the Defense Logistics Agency, and was a United States Army depot from 1918 to 1954. It is located in Curtis Bay, Maryland. Capital Gazette editor Jimmy DeButts proposed developing the currently unused land into a sports tourism complex.

Oblique view of Curtis Bay Depot in 1984. North is to the left.

Another oblique view in July 2022

Stokes mortars and other munitions debris found at Curtis Bay Depot in 1999

Defense Logistics Agency
The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) is a combat support agency in the United States Department of Defense. The agency is staffed by more than 26,000 civilian and military personnel throughout the world. Located in 48 states and 28 countries, DLA provides supplies to the military services and supports their acquisition of weapons, fuel, repair parts, and other materials. The agency also disposes of excess or unusable equipment through various programs.

Through other U.S. federal agencies, DLA also provides relief supplies to victims of natural disasters and humanitarian aid to refugees and internally displaced persons.
Hougham, Lincolnshire
Hougham (/ˈhɒfəm/) is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) north from Grantham. The village of Marston, Lincolnshire is its closest neighbour, just under 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
Natasha Regan
Natasha Katherine Regan is an English chess player and an award-winning chess author, best known for her book Game Changer. She has represented England at two Chess Olympiads. As a senior (50+), she won the Women's English Seniors Chess Championship in both 2023  and in 2024.

Regan is also a successful games all-rounder having won multiple medals at the Mind Sports Olympiad including back-to-back  Women's Pentamind in 2023 and 2024.

She is also an accomplished Go player. Partnering with Matthew Cocke, she has won the British pair Go championship seven times and has taken bronze at the European Pair Go Championship. Natasha has represented the UK at Go at the first World Mind Sports Games in Beijing 2008 and again in 2012.

English Chess Federation
The English Chess Federation (ECF) is the governing chess organisation in England. It is affiliated to FIDE. The ECF was formed in 2004 as one of the more localised successors to the British Chess Federation (BCF), an organisation founded in 1904.
Brain Quest Grades 3 & 4
Brain Quest 3 & 4 is an educational puzzle video game released for Nintendo DS in North America on September 22, 2008. The game was developed by Planet Moon Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released at the same time as Brain Quest Grades 5 & 6 and is based on the curriculum-based card deck series Brain Quest.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Makani Pahili
Makani Pahili (alternatively Makani Pāhili, Hawaiian for strong wind) is an annual disaster preparedness exercise for tropical cyclones organized between the United States Armed Forces and Hawaiian civil agencies that occurs near the beginning the local hurricane season.

Pacific hurricane
A Pacific hurricane is a tropical cyclone that develops within the northeastern and central Pacific Ocean to the east of 180°W, north of the equator. For tropical cyclone warning purposes, the northern Pacific is divided into three regions: the eastern (North America to 140°W), central (140°W to 180°), and western (180° to 100°E), while the southern Pacific is divided into 2 sections, the Australian region (90°E to 160°E) and the southern Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. Identical phenomena in the western north Pacific are called typhoons. This separation between the two basins has a practical convenience, however, as tropical cyclones rarely form in the central north Pacific due to high vertical wind shear, and few cross the dateline.
Jane Brook, Western Australia
Jane Brook is the name of a watercourse and the valley that passes through the Darling Scarp, and which was utilised for the Eastern Railway and subsequently a central part of the John Forrest National Park.

John Forrest National Park
John Forrest National Park is a national park in the Darling Scarp, 24 km (15 mi) east of Perth, Western Australia. Proclaimed as a national park in November 1900, it was the first national park in Western Australia.
Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.

Chernozem
Chernozem (/ˈtʃɜːrnəzɛm/ CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, black earth, dark earth, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. Chernozem is very fertile and can produce high agricultural yields with its high moisture-storage capacity. However, prolonged agricultural use of chernozems still require replenishment with fertilizers because they easily can get depleted of nutrients through continuous decrease in humus content. Chernozems are a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).
Goshen, Tasmania
Goshen is a rural locality in the local government area of Break O'Day in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north-west of the town of St Helens. The 2016 census determined a population of 93 for the state suburb of Goshen.

St Helens, Tasmania
St Helens is the largest town on the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia, on Georges Bay. It is known as the game fishing capital of Tasmania and is also renowned for its oysters (as are some other areas of Tasmania). It is located on the Tasman Highway, about 160 km east of Tasmania's second largest city, Launceston. In the early 2000s, the town was one of the fastest growing areas of Tasmania, and reached a population of 2049 at the 2006 census. By the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of 2,206.

St Helens is part of the Break O'Day Council, a council that includes the nearby town of Binalong Bay. St Helens also has its own radio station named Star FM Tasmania a community station on 93.7 MHz in the town, 100.3 MHz in St Marys and 98.5 MHz in Bicheno. A number of shops can be found in the town along Cecilia Street, such as the Bay of Fires IGA. and Gallery Parnella.
Patleyna Glacier
Patleyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Патлейна, romanized: lednik Patleyna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik patˈlɛjnɐ]) is the 3.4 nautical miles (6.3 km; 3.9 mi) long and 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) wide glacier on the east side of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated north of the upper course of Ellen Glacier.  It is draining the east slopes of Mount Todd and the north slopes of Chepino Saddle, and flowing north-northwestwards to join Embree Glacier southeast of Mount Goldthwait and west of Oreshak Peak.

The glacier is named after the nature reserve of Patleyna in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Chepino Saddle
Chepino Saddle (Bulgarian: Чепинска седловина, ‘Chepinska Sedlovina’ \'che-pin-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is the saddle of elevation 2526 m in north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, linking Probuda Ridge to the southwest to Bangey Heights to the northeast.  It is part of the glacial divide between Embree Glacier to the north and Ellen Glacier to the south.

The saddle is named after the settlement of Chepino in Western Bulgaria and the homonymous Chepino Valley in Southern Bulgaria.
Mick O'Flanagan
Mick O'Flanagan (29 September 1922  – 13 September 2015) was an Irish sportsman who represented his country at both soccer and rugby union. As a soccer player, O'Flanagan played for, among others, Home Farm, Bohemians and Belfast Celtic. His older brother, Kevin O'Flanagan, was also a notable sportsman who also represented his country at both sports and played soccer for Bohs and Arsenal. On 30 September 1946, Mick and Kevin also played international soccer together for Ireland against England. A third brother, Charlie O'Flanagan, also played for Bohs.

1948 Five Nations Championship
The 1948 Five Nations Championship was the nineteenth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-fourth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 17 January and 29 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The tournament was won by Ireland, who achieved a Grand Slam by defeating all the other participants, a feat they would not accomplish again until 2009 and their first on home soil.
Saxon VIII V2
The Saxon Class VIII 2 was a twin-coupled tender locomotive procured for passenger services by the Royal Saxon State Railways. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped these engines into their Class 36.9-10.

Royal Saxon State Railways
The Royal Saxon State Railways (German: Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) were the state-owned railways operating in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1869 to 1918. From 1918 until their merger into the Deutsche Reichsbahn the title 'Royal' was dropped and they were just called the Saxon State Railways (Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen).
The Joneses (band)
The Joneses were a punk band from Anaheim, Southern California. In 1981 guitarist and singer Jeff Drake and professional skateboarder Steve Olson formed its nucleus, but over the years the Joneses included numerous players with Drake being the only constant member. The incarnation of the Joneses voted "Best Live Band" in the 1984 L.A. Weekly Reader's Poll included, in addition to Drake, Scott Franklin (The Cramps), Paul Mars Black (L.A. Guns) & Johnnie Sage (The Mau Maus).

The Mau Maus
The Mau Maus, also known as The Mau-Maus, are an American punk rock band from Hollywood, California. They were formed by lead singer and sole constant member Rick Wilder in 1978 following the breakup of the glam rock and proto-punk band, The Berlin Brats, in 1976.  The band is closely tied to the late first-wave punk scene in California. Their signature song, “(I’m) Psychotic,” was first performed by the Berlin Brats and appeared in a scene in the classic stoner film Cheech and Chong’s Up in Smoke (1978).
Hakan Yakin
Hakan Yakin (Turkish: Hakan Yakın; born 22 February 1977) is a Swiss professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Swiss Challenge League side FC Schaffhausen. He spent the majority of his playing career as a forward or attacking midfielder in the Swiss top flight with brief forays abroad (in France, Germany, Turkey and Qatar). He represented Switzerland national team for eleven years, garnering 87 caps and scoring 20 goals.

BSC Young Boys
Berner Sport Club Young Boys (YB by short abbreviation, Alemannic German: [ˈiːbɛ] EE-beh) is a Swiss professional sports club based in Bern, Switzerland. Its first team has won 17 Swiss league championships and eight Swiss Cups. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup in the 1958–59 season. The club's colours are yellow of a golden shade and black.
Ballet Mécanique
Ballet Mécanique (1923–24) is a Dadaist, post-Cubist art film conceived, written, and co-directed by the artist Fernand Léger and the filmmaker Dudley Murphy (with cinematographic input from Man Ray). It has a musical score by the American composer George Antheil. The film premiered in a silent version on 24 September 1924 at the Internationale Ausstellung neuer Theatertechnik (International Exposition for New Theater Technique) in Vienna presented by Frederick Kiesler. It is considered to be a major work of early experimental filmmaking.

Player piano
A player piano is a self-playing piano with a pneumatic or electromechanical mechanism that operates the piano action using perforated paper or metallic rolls. Modern versions use MIDI. The player piano gained popularity as mass-produced home pianos increased in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Sales peaked in 1924 and subsequently declined with improvements in electrical phonograph recordings in the mid-1920s. The advent of electrical amplification in home music reproduction, brought by radios, contributed to a decline in popularity, and the stock market crash of 1929 virtually wiped out production.
Nar Township
Nar (Tibetan: སྣར་ང་; simplified Chinese: 纳尔乡; traditional Chinese: 納爾鄉) is a township of Samzhubzê District (Shigatse City), in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. At the time of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 2,064 and an area of 207 square kilometres (80 sq mi). As of 2015, it had 10 villages under its administration.

Samzhubzê, Xigazê
Samzhubzê District (also spelled Sangzhuzi District, Samdruptse District) is a district in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the China, and the administrative center of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse (Tibetan Pinyin: Xigazê). Prior to 2014 it was known as the county-level city of Shigatse. It was the ancient capital of Ü-Tsang province and is the second largest city in Tibet with an estimated population of 117,000 in 2013. Samzhubzê is located at the confluence of the Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Nyang River (Nyang Chu or Nyanchue), about 250 km (160 mi) southwest of Lhasa and 90 km (56 mi) northwest of Gyantse, at an altitude of 3,840 metres (12,600 ft).
Drymadusa
Drymadusa is a monotypic genus of bush crickets named by Johann Philipp Emil Friedrich Stein in 1860; it is the type genus of the tribe Drymadusini, which was erected by Boris Uvarov in 1924.  Now containing the single species Drymadusa dorsalis, it previously included others moved to genera such as Afrodrymadusa, Anadrymadusa and Paradrymadusa.

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.