hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transport in Botswana
Transportation in Botswana is provided by an extensive network of railways, highways, ferry services and air routes that criss-cross the country. The transport sector in Botswana played an important role in economic growth following its independence in 1966. The country discovered natural resources which allowed it to finance the development of infrastructure, and policy ensured that the transport sector grew at an affordable pace commensurate with demands for services.

A1 road (Botswana)
The A1 highway in Botswana is a road that runs from the Zimbabwean border near Ramokgwebana through Francistown, Palapye, Mahalapye, Gaborone (the national capital city) and Lobatse, to Ramatlabama at the border with South Africa.

Decisions were made to install a toll point along that road in 2007.

A section of the highway between Phakalane and Gaborone is used for the Gaborone City Marathon.

The entire A1 road is part of Trans-African Highway Network no. 4 (Cairo-Cape Town Highway), which links Cairo with Cape Town.
Gilbert of Dunkeld
Gilbert of Dunkeld was a 13th-century bishop of Dunkeld. He began his career in the diocese as a chaplain to Bishop Hugh de Sigillo. When Hugh's successor as bishop, Matthew the Scot, died unexpectedly in 1229, it was Gilbert whom the chapter chose to elect as Matthew's successor. The details of Gilbert's consecration are unknown. It was during Gilbert's episcopate that Inchcolm Priory was elevated to the status of an abbey. The latter monastic establishment was in the diocese of Dunkeld because it had been an earlier Dunkeld foundation, dedicated, like Dunkeld Cathedral was, to Saint Columba, hence the name Insula Columbae, or in the vernacular, Innse Choluim, "island of Columba". On 22 May 1235 Pope Gregory IX wrote to Gilbert authorizing the elevation, and, moreover, instructing Gilbert to donate to the monastery a portion of the see's revenues. Gilbert died sometime in the year 1236, and was buried in Inchcolm Abbey. There survives one charter of bishop Gilbert.

Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.
Azoamicus
"Candidatus Azoamicus ciliaticola" is a candidate species of endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the eub62A3 group of Gammaproteobacteria, characterized for its capacity to perform denitrification within its ciliate host in anaerobic water environments. It was isolated from Lake Zug in Switzerland and described in 2021.

Candidatus
In prokaryote nomenclature, Candidatus (abbreviated Ca.; Latin for 'candidate of Roman office') is used to name prokaryotic taxa that are well characterized but yet-uncultured. Contemporary sequencing approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing or metagenomics, provide much information about the analyzed organisms and thus allow identification and characterization of individual species. However, the majority of prokaryotic species remain uncultivable and hence inaccessible for further characterization in in vitro study. The recent discoveries of a multitude of candidate taxa has led to candidate phyla radiation expanding the tree of life through the new insights in bacterial diversity.
Country Radio Broadcasters
Country Radio Broadcasters (CRB) is a non-profit organization based in Nashville, Tennessee created to promote the growth of country radio and the country music industry through educational programs.

Its annual Country Radio Seminar serves as "market week" for the country music industry, where new artists and music that will be released throughout the year are showcased to radio’s decision makers. All major radio station groups, both country music trade organizations (the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music), music licensing organizations BMI, ASCAP and SESAC, and independent industry professionals are sponsors or attendees.

Academy of Country Music
The Academy of Country Music (ACM) was founded in 1964 in Los Angeles, California as the Country & Western Music Academy. Among the founders were Eddie Miller, Tommy Wiggins, and Mickey and Chris Christensen. They wanted to promote country music in the western 13 states with the support of artists based on the West Coast. Artists such as Johnny Bond, Glen Campbell, Merle Haggard, Roger Miller and others influenced them. A board of directors was formed to govern the academy in 1965.
Liz Kelly
Elizabeth A. Kelly CBE (born 1951) is a British professor and director of the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit (CWASU), London Metropolitan University, former head of the, now defunct, Women's National Commission, and co-chair, along with Marai Larasi, of the End Violence Against Women Coalition.

Economic and Social Research Council
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding and support for research and training in the social sciences. It is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues.
Ljungström turbine
The Ljungström turbine (Ljungströmturbinen) is a steam turbine. It is also known as the STAL turbine, from the company name STAL (Swedish: Svenska Turbinfabriks Aktiebolaget Ljungström). The technology has had numerous uses since its conception, from power plants to vehicles as large as the supertanker Seawise Giant.

The turbine was invented circa 1908 by the Swedish brothers Birger Ljungström (1872–1948) and  Fredrik Ljungström (1875–1964). 
The Ljungström brothers were creative, versatile inventors, typical of the 19th century. They not only named the turbine type, but also an early form of a bicycle.

Electric power
Electric power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy within a circuit. Its SI unit is the watt, the general unit of power, defined as one joule per second. Standard prefixes apply to watts as with other SI units: thousands, millions and billions of watts are called kilowatts, megawatts and gigawatts respectively.

In common parlance, electric power is the production and delivery of electrical energy, an essential public utility in much of the world. Electric power is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries. It is usually supplied to businesses and homes (as domestic mains electricity) by the electric power industry through an electrical grid.

Electric power can be delivered over long distances by transmission lines and used for applications such as motion, light or heat with high efficiency.
2016 Fergana Challenger
The 2016 Fergana Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament for men which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money, and the sixth edition of the event for women on the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $25,000 in prize money. It took place in Fergana, Uzbekistan, on 13–19 June 2016.

Fergana Challenger
The Fergana Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit, and was held annually at the Istiklol Tennis Club in Fergana, Uzbekistan, from 2000 until 2019.
Mediterranean Sea Task Force
The permanent task force of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea (Russian: Постоянное оперативное соединение Военно-морского флота Российской Федерации в Средиземном море) is a task force of the Russian Navy responsible for projecting Russian power in the Middle East through the Mediterranean Sea.

The Soviet Navy's 5th Operational Squadron had fulfilled a similar role from its formation in 1967 to its deactivation on 31 December 1992.  The present permanent task force was established in 2013.

In September 2013, the Russian Ministry of Defence re-established a fleet in the Mediterranean using a combination of ships from the Black Sea Fleet and Northern Fleet stationed in Syria. Historically, it has comprised up to 15 warships and auxiliary vessels with vessels from the Baltic Fleet also providing contingents for operations in the region. However, with the loss of use of Russian naval facilities in Syria, during 2025 these numbers were significantly lower.

Steregushchiy-class corvette
The Steregushchiy class (Russian: Стерегущий, lit. 'Guarding'), Russian designation Project 20380, is a class of corvettes being built for the Russian Navy. Designed by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau, subsequent vessels were built to an improved design (Project 20381), incorporating the Zaslon-Redut SAM system. The ship full displacement and dimensions are large for a corvette, thus it is designated as a frigate by NATO. The Steregushchiy class has been further developed into the Gremyashchiy class (Project 20385) and Project 20386 subclasses. The export variant is known as Project 20382 Tigr.
Playwrights' Advisory Board
The Playwrights' Advisory Board was an Australian organisation established in 1938 to assist the cause of Australian playwriting. It was established by Leslie Rees, Rex Rienits and Doris Fitton. Its functions included negotiating productions with theatres, acting as an intermediary in the nomination and collection of royalties, advising theatres and playwrights on scripts, and holding script competitions. Members of the board included names such as Dymphna Cusack and Sumner Locke Elliott.

The Board ceased operations in 1963.

The Board's most notable achievement was holding a competition which helped unearth Summer of the Seventeenth Doll.

Summer of the Seventeenth Doll
Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is an Australian play written by Ray Lawler and first performed at the Union Theatre in Melbourne on 28 November 1955. The play is considered to be the most significant in Australian theatre history, and a "turning point", openly and authentically portraying distinctly Australian life and characters. It was one of the first truly naturalistic "Australian" theatre productions.

It was originally published by Angus & Robertson, before moving to Fontana Press and then Currency Press.
2011 Malaysian Open
The 2011 BMW Malaysian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the Malaysian Open and was an International tournament on the 2011 WTA Tour. This was also the first edition of the tournament to be sponsored by BMW. The tournament took place from February 28 to March 6 at the Bukit Kiara Equestrian and Country Resort.

The event was headlined by the participation of World No. 5 and French Open reigning champion Francesca Schiavone, World No. 15 Marion Bartoli, former World No. 1 Dinara Safina, the defending champion and World No. 22, Alisa Kleybanova and World No. 30 Lucie Šafářová among others.

2011 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women's professional tennis organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 2011 WTA Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments, the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Championships.
Voodoo Cream Liqueur
Voodoo Cream Liqueur is the first Indian cream liqueur, made from fresh Indian cow cream, whisky and other Italian ingredients. The trademark is owned by Nouveau group in collaboration with Flavor Chimca, Italy Voodoo cream liqueur is blended & bottled at Adinco Distillers, Goa, and was first produced in 2009. It has a declared alcohol content of 17% alcohol by volume. Voodoo Cream Liqueur is similar to Bailey's, Amarula, and Carolans.

Baileys Irish Cream
Baileys Irish Cream is a liqueur made of cream, cocoa and Irish whiskey emulsified together with vegetable oil. Baileys is made by Diageo at Nangor Road, in Dublin, Ireland, and in Mallusk, Northern Ireland. It is the original Irish cream, invented by a team headed by Tom Jago in 1971 for Gilbeys of Ireland; Diageo currently owns the trademark. It has a declared alcohol content of 17% by volume.
Reinforced lipids
Reinforced lipids are lipid molecules in which some of the fatty acids contain deuterium. They can be used for the protection of living cells by slowing the chain reaction due to isotope effect on lipid peroxidation. The lipid bilayer of the cell and organelle membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are key components of cell and organelle membranes. Any process that either increases oxidation of PUFAs or hinders their ability to be replaced can lead to serious disease. Correspondingly, use of reinforced lipids that stop the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation has preventive and therapeutic potential.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Roof and tunnel hacking
Roof and tunnel hacking is the unauthorized exploration of roof and utility tunnel spaces. The term carries a strong collegiate connotation, stemming from its use at MIT and at the U.S. Naval Academy, where the practice has a long history. It is a form of urban exploration.

Some participants use it as a means of carrying out collegiate pranks, by hanging banners from high places or, in one notable example from MIT, placing a life-size model police car on top of a university building.  Others are interested in exploring inaccessible and seldom-seen places; that such exploration is unauthorized is often part of the thrill. Roofers, in particular, may be interested in the skyline views from the highest points on a campus.

On August 1, 2016, Red Bull TV launched the documentary series URBEX – Enter At Your Own Risk, which also chronicles roof and tunnel hacking.

Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT
Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT (first edition, 2003; ISBN 9780262661379); (revised edition, 2011; ISBN 978-0-262-51584-9) is a book which presents a historical catalog of some of the best-known MIT hacks (technically sophisticated practical jokes) as well as a series of essays reflecting on the cultural significance of hacks. MIT is one of the most selective universities in the United States, with a long-standing hacker tradition.

Nightwork combines The Journal of the Institute for Hacks, TomFoolery, and Pranks at MIT (J. IHTFP) with Is This The Way To Baker House? and new elements. The "author" of Nightwork is listed as "Institute Historian T. F. Peterson", which is a reference to the MIT cultural acronym IHTFP.
2014 Pacific Association season
The 2014 Pacific Association season was the second season of the Pacific Association. There was a four team 78 game schedule.

Maui Na Koa Ikaika won the previous 2013 Pacific Association season, but folded in the off-season.

The San Rafael Pacifics won both halves of the 2014 season, earning them their first Pacific Association championship.

San Rafael Pacifics
The San Rafael Pacifics are an American professional baseball team based in San Rafael, California, United States. They compete in the Pacific Division of the Pecos League, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major or Minor League Baseball. They were previous members of the North American League and charter members of the Pacific Association. The Pacifics have played their homes games at Albert Park since 2012. The Pacifics were the winningest franchise of the Pacific Association, capturing four championships in seven seasons.
Carlos Bacca
Carlos Arturo Bacca Ahumada (born 8 September 1986) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Categoría Primera A club Atlético Junior.

Bacca began his career at Atlético Junior, where he was top scorer in the 2010 Categoría Primera A Apertura. In January 2012, he moved to Club Brugge, where he was the Belgian Pro League's top scorer in his only full season before joining Sevilla for €7 million. He won the UEFA Europa League in both of his first two seasons with the club, scoring twice in the 2015 final. In the summer of 2015, he joined Serie A side AC Milan for €30 million.

An international for Colombia from 2012 to 2018, Bacca represented the country at the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups, the 2015 Copa América, and the Copa América Centenario, in which they finished third. He is renowned for his pace, aggression, eye for goal, and determination as a forward.

2013–14 UEFA Europa League
The 2013–14 UEFA Europa League was the 43rd season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the fifth season under its current title.

The final was played between Sevilla and Benfica at the Juventus Stadium in Turin, Italy, which was won by Sevilla on penalties, giving them a record-equalling third UEFA Cup/Europa League title. Chelsea could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League and also reached the knockout stage.
Mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family
The miR-9 microRNA (homologous to miR-79), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme.  The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor.  The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.  In vertebrates, miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain, and is suggested to regulate neuronal differentiation.  A number of specific targets of miR-9 have been proposed, including the transcription factor REST and its partner CoREST.

Dicer
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively. These fragments are approximately 20–25 base pairs long with a two-base overhang on the 3′-end. Dicer facilitates the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is essential for RNA interference. RISC has a catalytic component Argonaute, which is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA).
Viktor Hovland
Viktor Hovland (born 18 September 1997) is a Norwegian professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and European Tour. He won the 2018 U.S. Amateur and reached number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking in 2019. Hovland became the first Norwegian to win on the PGA Tour (2020 Puerto Rico Open) and on the European Tour (2021 BMW International Open). He has won seven times on the PGA Tour, including at the 2023 Tour Championship, resulting in his first FedEx Cup.

Hovland competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Brooks Koepka
Brooks Koepka (/ˈkɛpkə/ KEP-kə; born May 3, 1990) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He is a former world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking. Koepka has won five major championships.

After playing collegiately for the Florida State Seminoles, Koepka turned professional in 2012 and achieved a three-win promotion on the Challenge Tour in 2013, which secured status on the European Tour. He won his first European Tour title at the Turkish Airlines Open in 2014 and his first PGA Tour title at the Phoenix Open in 2015.

Koepka won his first major championship at the 2017 U.S. Open, which spearheaded a streak of major victories. He defended his title at the 2018 U.S. Open, and won both the 2018 and 2019 PGA Championship. In 2022, Koepka joined LIV Golf. In the following years, he won multiple LIV Golf events and added his fifth major championship at the 2023 PGA Championship. He left the LIV Golf League and returned to the PGA Tour in 2026.
Misumenops
Misumenops is a common genus of crab spider with more than 50 described species.

The majority of the species of Misumenops, more than 80, have been transferred to 13 genera: Ansiea, Demogenes, Diaea, Ebelingia, Ebrechtella, Henriksenia, Heriaeus, Mecaphesa, Micromisumenops , Misumena, Misumenoides, Misumessus, and Runcinioides.

Diaea
Diaea is a genus of crab spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869. Most species are found in specific locations except for D. livens, which occurs in the United States and D. dorsata, which has a palearctic distribution. Adults are 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 7 millimetres (0.28 in) and tend to hide in and around vegetation, especially flowers, where their color allows them to blend in to their surroundings.
Speedy Trial Clause
The Speedy Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial...". The Clause protects the defendant from delay between the presentation of the indictment or similar charging instrument and the beginning of trial.

Barker v. Wingo
Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, specifically the right of defendants in criminal cases to a speedy trial.  The Court held that determinations of whether or not the right to a speedy trial has been violated must be made on a case-by-case basis, and set forth four factors to be considered in the determination.
Basilornis
Basilornis is a genus of mynas in the family Sturnidae. Established by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850, it contains the following species:

Sulawesi myna (Basilornis celebensis)

Long-crested myna (Basilornis corythaix)

Helmeted myna (Basilornis galeatus)

The Apo myna was formerly included in this genus, but has since been transferred to the monotypic genus Goodfellowia.

The name Basilornis is a combination of the Greek words basileus, meaning "king" and ornis, meaning "bird".

Long-crested myna
The long-crested myna (Basilornis corythaix) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is endemic to Seram Island.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Cheongoksan (Donghae and Samcheok)
Cheongoksan (Korean: 청옥산) is a mountain in Gangwon Province, South Korea. It is located on the border of the cities of Donghae and  Samcheok. Cheongoksan has an elevation of 1,403.7 m (4,605 ft). Other nearby mountains are Gojeokdae (高積臺, 1,354 m) to the north, Jungbongsan (中峰山, 1,284 m) to the northwest, and Dutasan (頭陀山, 1,353 m) to the southeast.

Donghae, Gangwon
Donghae (Korean: 동해; Korean pronunciation: [to̞ŋ.ɦɛ̝], lit. 'East[ern] Sea') is a city in the state of Gangwon, South Korea. There are two major ports:  Donghae Harbor and Mukho Harbor.  The city is located on the Yeongdong Line railroad and the Donghae Expressway.  Numerous caverns are found in the city, as in neighboring Samcheok.  Hanzhong University was located here.