hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augmented Backus–Naur form
In computer science, augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) is a metalanguage based on Backus–Naur form (BNF) but consisting of its own syntax and derivation rules. The motivation for ABNF is to define an easily usable tool for defining the format of communications protocol payload objects and protocol units. It is defined by Internet Standard 68 ("STD 68", type case sic), which as of December 2010 was RFC 5234, and it often serves as the definition language for IETF communication protocols.

RFC 5234 supersedes RFC 4234, 2234 and 733. RFC 7405 updates it, adding a syntax for specifying case-sensitive string literals.

Metalanguage
In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to describe another language, often called the object language. Expressions in a metalanguage are often distinguished from those in the object language by the use of italics, quotation marks, or writing on a separate line. The structure of sentences and phrases in a metalanguage can be described by a metasyntax. For example, to say that the word "noun" can be used as a noun in a sentence, one could write "noun" is a <noun>.
Škoda VOS
The Škoda VOS is a full-size luxury car produced by the Czechoslovak automaker AZNP at their plant in Mladá Boleslav between 1949 and 1952. For a few years it was the preferred car for senior political and military personnel in Czechoslovakia. It was never sold to the general public.

Full-size car
Full-size car, also known as large car, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Gulang County
Gulang County (Chinese: 古浪县; pinyin: Gǔlàng Xiàn) is a county in central Gansu province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northeast. It is under the administration of Wuwei City. Its postal code is 733100, and its population in 2006 was 393,200 people. Located in the east of the Hexi Corridor and to the south of the Tengger Desert, it borders Jingtai County to the east, Tianzhu County to the south, Liangzhou District to the northwest, and Inner Mongolia's Alxa Left Banner to the northeast.

Wuwei, Gansu
Wuwei (Chinese: 武威; pinyin: Wǔwēi) is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.
Meadowbrook Mall
Meadowbrook Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Bridgeport, West Virginia, United States. The mall is owned and managed by the Cafaro Company of Youngstown, Ohio. Opened in 1982, it remains one of the largest enclosed malls in north-central West Virginia. As of 2025, the mall's anchor stores include JCPenney, Target, Marshalls, Boscov's, and Cinemark, and The Hive Entertainment Zone.

Cafaro Company
The Cafaro Company is an American  property management and real estate development company that owns several retail shopping centers throughout the United States. Based in Niles, Ohio, it is the largest privately owned shopping center development and management company in the U.S., managing more than 30,000,000 square feet (2,800,000 m2) of commercial real estate throughout the country.
2022 ARCA Menards Series East
The 2022 ARCA Menards Series East was the 36th season of the ARCA Menards Series East, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began on February 15 with the Race to Stop Suicide 200 at New Smyrna Speedway and ended on September 15 with the Sioux Chief Showdown 200 at Bristol Motor Speedway.

Sammy Smith entered the season as the defending champion. He moved up to the main ARCA Series to replace Ty Gibbs in the No. 18 car for Kyle Busch Motorsports (previously a Joe Gibbs Racing car in 2021) in most of the races after turning 18 (the minimum age to race at all tracks) on June 4, 2022. However, Smith continued to drive full-time in the East Series in the KBM No. 18.

The race at Milwaukee also featured six female drivers competing in the race (Amber Balcaen, Toni Breidinger, Mandy Chick, Stephanie Moyer, Amber Slagle, and Rita Thomason), a record for the East Series.

Race to Stop Suicide 200
The Race to Stop Suicide 200 presented by Place of Hope was an ARCA Menards Series East stock car race held annually at New Smyrna Speedway in New Smyrna Beach, Florida from 2014 to 2022. The race was always the season opener and took place in February on the same week or the weekend before the Daytona 500 at the nearby Daytona International Speedway.
KABX-FM
KABX-FM (97.5 FM, "K97.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Merced, California, United States. Owned by Stephens Media Group, through licensee SMG-Merced, LLC, KABX-FM airs an adult contemporary format. Its studios are on West 19th Street in Merced.

KABX's transmitter is located on Shultz Mountain, off California State Route 140 in Catheys Valley. KABX-FM can be heard over a large part of California's Central Valley, from Modesto to Fresno.

California State Route 140
State Route 140 (SR 140) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, 102 miles (164 km) in length. It begins in the San Joaquin Valley at Interstate 5 near Gustine, and runs east into the Sierra Nevada range, terminating in Yosemite National Park. Though maps and signs may show the highway extending east inside the park from its entrance to Yosemite Valley, this segment is federally maintained and is not included in the state route logs.
Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1908. The competition was held on Friday July 12, 1912 and Monday July 15, 1912.

Twenty swimmers from five nations competed.

Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics
At the 1912 Summer Olympics, nine swimming events were contested. Swimming events were held in a 100 m course built in Stockholm harbor. For the first time, women's events were part of the Olympic swimming program. The competitions were held from Saturday July 6, 1912, to Friday July 12, 1912.  There was a total of 120 participants from 17 countries competing.
2012 Welikada prison riot
The Welikada prison riot was a prison riot that occurred on 9 November 2012 at Welikada Prison in Sri Lanka. The riot broke out during a search for illegal arms. The riot left 27 people dead and 40 injured. The government has appointed a committee to investigate the riot. Welikada Prison, which has around 4,000 prisoners, has witnessed a number of violent riots in its history. This prison riot was the worst in Sri Lanka's history since the 1983 riot, also at Welikada Prison, which left 53 prisoners dead.

Welikada prison massacre
The Welikada Prison Massacre took place during the 1983 Black July pogrom against Sri Lankan Tamil minority in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Fifty-three prisoners were killed inside a high-security prison. No one has been convicted of crimes relating to these incidents.
Red flour beetle
The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is a species of beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles. The red flour beetle, and other closely related beetles like Gnatocerus cornutus, are a worldwide pest of stored products, particularly food grains, and a model organism for ethological and food safety research.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Hrynkivtsi
Hrynkivtsi (Ukrainian: Гриньківці) is a village in Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada
Velyki Dederkaly rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Великодедеркальська територіальна громада, romanized: Velykodederkalska silska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Velyki Dederkaly. Its population is 6,228 (2022 estimate) Established on 14 September 2016.
Ferriby Boats
The Ferriby Boats are three Bronze-Age British sewn plank-built boats, parts of which were discovered at North Ferriby in the East Riding of the English county of Yorkshire. Only a small number of boats of a similar period have been found in Britain and the Ferriby examples are the earliest known sewn-plank boats found in Europe, as well as the oldest known sewn-plank boats in the world outside of Egypt.

Khufu ship
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt. It was sealed into a pit alongside the Great Pyramid of pharaoh Khufu around 2500 BC, during the Fourth Dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. Like other buried Ancient Egyptian ships, it was part of the extensive grave goods intended for use in the afterlife. The Khufu ship is one of the oldest, largest, best preserved vessels from antiquity. It is 43.4 metres (142 ft) long, 5.9 metres (19 ft) wide, and 1.78 meters (5.83 ft) deep, and is the world's oldest intact ship. It has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake or a river.

The ship was preserved in the Giza Solar boat museum, but was moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum in August 2021.
Sydney Lohmann
Sydney Matilda Lohmann (German pronunciation: [ˈloːman]; born 19 June 2000) is a German professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Women's Super League club Manchester City and the Germany national team.

FC Bayern Munich (women)
FC Bayern Munich is a German professional women's football team based in Munich, Germany. The club was founded in 1970 and plays in the Frauen-Bundesliga, the top women's league in Germany. Bayern Munich Women were a founding member of the Frauen-Bundesliga in 1990. They have won seven German league titles and were twice DFB-Pokal winners.
Su-ngai Kolok railway station
Sungai Golok railway station is a railway station in Sungai Golok Sub-district, Su-ngai Kolok District, Narathiwat, Thailand. It is a class 1 railway station 1,142.993 km (710.2 mi) from Thon Buri railway station. Sungai Golok Station is the furthest railway station from Bangkok, and the terminus of the Southern Line.

Rantau Panjang railway station
The Rantau Panjang railway station was a Malaysian railway station located near Jalan Besar and named after the town of Rantau Panjang, Kelantan. Opened in 1921, it is located on the Rantau Panjang branch line, branching off from the main KTM East Coast Line at Pasir Mas. Rantau Panjang is one of the two rail border crossings on the border with Thailand (the other is Padang Besar railway station in Perlis), though currently there is no cross-border train crossing the Malaysia–Thailand border at Rantau Panjang. The Thai entrance to the Harmony rail bridge is currently sealed off by the Royal Thai Army.
Reshetikha
Reshetikha (Russian: Решети́ха) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Volodarsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  6,775 (2010 Census); 7,482 (2002 Census); 8,165 (1989 Soviet census).

Volodarsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Volodarsky District (Russian: Волода́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Volodarsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,045.6 square kilometers (403.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Volodarsk. Population: 58,807 (2010 Census); 59,498 (2002 Census). The population of Volodarsk accounts for 16.9% of the district's total population.
Cogan railway station
Cogan railway station is a railway station serving Cogan in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is on the Vale of Glamorgan Line 2+3⁄4 miles (4.4 km) south of Cardiff Central on the way to Barry Island and Bridgend.

Passenger services are operated by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network.

Bridgend railway station
Bridgend railway station (Welsh: Gorsaf Pen-y-bont) is a main line station serving the town of Bridgend, south Wales. It is located approximately halfway between Cardiff Central and Swansea stations, at the point where the Maesteg Line diverges from the South Wales Main Line; it is also the western terminus of the Vale of Glamorgan Line from Cardiff. It is 190 miles 45 chains (306.7 km) measured from the zero point at London Paddington, via Stroud.

It is the fifth-busiest station in Wales, after Cardiff Central, Newport, Swansea and Cardiff Queen Street.
Phallon Tullis-Joyce
Phallon Abaigeal Tullis-Joyce (/ˈæbɪɡeɪl/; born October 19, 1996) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for English Women's Super League club Manchester United and the United States national team.

She previously played college soccer for the Miami Hurricanes and professionally for French Division 1 Féminine club Reims and OL Reign of the National Women's Soccer League.

Women's Super League Golden Glove
The Women's Super League Golden Glove is an annual association football award presented to the goalkeeper who has kept the most clean sheets in the Women's Super League. In football a team's defense or goalkeeper may be said to "keep a clean sheet" if they prevent their opponents from scoring any goals during an entire match. For sponsorship purposes, it has been referred to as the Barclays WSL Golden Glove since its inception during the 2019–20 season.

In 2020, the inaugural Women's Super League Golden Glove was awarded to Ellie Roebuck of Manchester City.
Fausto massacre
The Fausto massacre or the Himamaylan massacre is a killing of a peasant family in Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental on June 14, 2023.

The massacre was part of a series of killings carried out in the Negros provinces against labelled Communists and their sympathizers, and follows the similarly motivated Escalante massacre of 1985.

Escalante massacre
The Escalante massacre was an incident on September 20, 1985, in Escalante, Negros Occidental, Philippines, where government paramilitary forces gunned down civilians engaged in a rally in commemoration of the 13th anniversary of the declaration of martial law. It is also called Escam – a portmanteau of "Escalante" and "massacre" – and sometimes Bloody Thursday, though the massacre occurred on a Friday.
Abell 1146
Abell 1146 is a rich galaxy cluster in the constellation Crater. Its richness class is 4, and it is located about 2 billion light-years (630 megaparsecs) away.

Its brightest member, PGC 33231, is an elliptical galaxy. It has a redshift of 0.142.

Crater (constellation)
Crater is a small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is the Latinization of the Greek krater, a type of cup used to water down wine. One of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, it depicts a cup that has been associated with the god Apollo and is perched on the back of Hydra the water snake.

There is no star brighter than third magnitude in the constellation. Its two brightest stars, Delta Crateris of magnitude 3.56 and Alpha Crateris of magnitude 4.07, are ageing orange giant stars that are cooler and larger than the Sun. Beta Crateris is a binary star system composed of a white giant star and a white dwarf. Seven star systems have been found to host planets. A few notable galaxies, including Crater 2 and NGC 3981, and a famous quasar lie within the borders of the constellation.
Bynesruten
A/S Bynesruten was a bus company that operated in Trondheim Municipality, Norway. From 1924 to 1972, it operated a 30-kilometre (19 mi) bus route from Trondheim to Byneset and Spongdal.

The company was founded in 1924 as a cooperative, A/L Bynesruten. It became a limited company in 1948. By 1964, the city council had bought 93 of 161 shares, after Trondheim Bilruter had failed to purchase it. On 1 January 1972, Bynesruten merged with the city's two municipal-owned tramway companies, Trondheim Sporvei and Graakalbanen, to create Trondheim Trafikkselskap. At the time of the merger, Bynesruten had 17 buses, 11 trucks and 40 drivers.

Trondheim Sporvei
Trondheim Sporvei was a municipally owned tram operator in Trondheim, Norway that existed between 1936 and 1974. The company operated the municipal parts of the Trondheim Tramway until it was merged with A/S Graakalbanen and Trondheim Bilruter to create Trondheim Trafikkselskap. That company has become part of Nettbuss,  the largest Norwegian bus company in Norway which is owned by Norwegian State Railways (Norges Statsbaner AS).
Xenopus boumbaensis
Xenopus boumbaensis, the Mawa clawed frog, is a predominantly to fully aquatic species of frog in the family Pipidae, known from a few localities in central and southern Cameroon, the northwestern Republic of the Congo and the extreme southwest of the Central African Republic. The species likely occurs more widely throughout the Central African forest region, but identification is difficult as it is a cryptic species, resembling Xenopus fraseri; however, X. boumbaensis is distinguishable by chromosome number (2n=72) and the species' male advertisement call, consisting of a single note.

Fraser's platanna
Fraser's platanna (Xenopus fraseri) is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and possibly Rwanda.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, and ponds.
Mørkved
Mørkved is a neighborhood of the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality, Nordland county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) east of the town center. It is largely a residential area, but also is the site of Bodin Upper Secondary School, a campus of the Norwegian Police University College and the Bodø campus of the University of Nordland. The neighborhood lays along National Road 80. Mørkved Station on the Nordland Line opened in 1987 and was renovated in 2010.

The street Mørkvedveien in Mørkved

University of Nordland

Bodø (town)
Bodø (pronounced [ˈbûːdøː] ⓘ, Northern Sami: Bådåddjocode: sme promoted to code: se ; Pite Sami: Buvvda; Lule Sami: Bådåddjo) is a town in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
The town is the administrative centre of both the Bodø Municipality and Nordland county. It is located on the Bodø peninsula between the Vestfjorden and the Saltfjorden. Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county and the second-largest town in Northern Norway.

The 14.91-square-kilometre (3,680-acre) town has a population (2023) of 42,831 and a population density of 2,873 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,440/sq mi).

Bodø is a European Capital of Culture 2024, along with Bad Ischl and Tartu.

One of Norway's most successful football clubs, FK Bodø/Glimt, is based in the town.
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate, they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).
They were introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS). However following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) during the 1960s. Since then production has increased significantly from about one million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps.

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Lithuania Davis Cup team
The Lithuania men's national tennis team represents Lithuania in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Lithuanian Tennis Association.

Lithuania has never been a tennis country – no tennis player from Lithuania entered ATP top 500 until 2008. However, the situation is changing in recent years. Currently young Lithuanian players are winning the greatest tennis victories in the history of Lithuania. As expected, this led to the increasing popularity of tennis in the country. Now, Lithuania has a few very high quality players.

In 2012 Lithuania competed in the third group of Davis Cup, where they won all three ties and got promoted to the second group. It played seven times  there. Also, it has competed in the third group for 13 times. And once have been promoted to group one, where Lithuania team is currently playing.

Andorra Davis Cup team
The Andorra Davis Cup team represents Andorra in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Federació Andorrana de Tennis.

Andorra currently competes in the Europe Zone of Group IV, and have done so since 2008.  They reached Group II in 2003, losing to Greece in the first round 1-4 and to Egypt 2-3 in the relegation play-off.

Jean-Baptiste Poux-Gautier holds most if not all of Andorra's individual player records.
U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.

Segunda Divisão
For the current Portuguese second-tier league, see Liga Portugal 2.

For the third-tier league, see Liga 3 (Portugal).

The Segunda Divisão Portuguesa (English: Portuguese Second Division) was a football league situated at the third level of the Portuguese football league system. The division had previously been the second level of the Portuguese pyramid but, with the creation of the Liga Portugal 2 in 1990–91, it became the third level. The competition merged with the Terceira Divisão at the end of the 2012–13 to form a new enlarged third level league, the Campeonato Nacional de Seniores.