hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Tom Malchow of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The ninth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 2002 in Yokohama International Swimming Pool in Yokohama, Japan, from August 24–29.  One world record was set over the six-day competition.
Rationality (book)
Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters is a 2021 book written by Canadian-American cognitive scientist Steven Pinker. The book was published on September 28, 2021, by the Viking imprint of Penguin Random House.

It argues that rationality is a key driver of moral and social progress, and it attempts to resolve the apparent conflict between scientific progress and increasing levels of disinformation. Pinker explains several concepts underlying rationality, including from the fields of logic, probability theory, statistics, and social choice.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Torrione INA
The Torrione INA (transl. "INA Tower"), also known as Torrione  or  Grattacielo, is a tall building in Brescia, Italy. Built between 1930 and 1932, it is the first skyscraper in Italy and also one of the first skyscrapers in Europe. It was designed by the Italian architect Marcello Piacentini for the INA – Istituto Nazionale Assicurazioni ("National Insurance Institute"). At the time of its completion, it was the tallest concrete high-rise in Europe aside from the "Boerentoren" in Antwerp.

The tower was officially opened by Benito Mussolini on 1 November 1932. The architectural style of this building is predominantly Art Deco, with influences from Chicago School. Indeed, the Torrione INA was inspired by a project that Piacentini had submitted in 1922 for the Chicago Tribune's architectural competition.

The Torrione INA had been used as a model for other Italian skyscrapers, such as the Torre Littoria in Turin and the Torre Piacentini in Genoa.

Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.
John H. Dimond
John Henry Dimond (December 28, 1918 – June 12, 1985) was an American jurist who served as a justice of the Alaska Supreme Court from August 7, 1959, to November 30, 1971. He was one of Alaska's inaugural justices on the court serving with Buell Nesbett and Walter Hodge on the court's first ever bench. Born in Valdez, Alaska, he was the only son of Anthony Dimond and was briefly in private practice with his father prior to his death. The state courthouse in his adopted hometown of Juneau, Alaska, located across the street from the Alaska State Capitol, is named in his honor.

William A. Egan
William Allen Egan (October 8, 1914 – May 6, 1984) was an American Democratic politician. He served as the first governor of Alaska from January 3, 1959, to 1966 and 1970 to 1974, as well as a shadow U.S. senator from Alaska Territory from 1956 to 1959. Born in Valdez, Alaska, Egan is one of only two governors in the state's history (along with Bill Walker) to have been born in Alaska. He was the Democratic nominee in the first five gubernatorial elections (1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, and 1974).
Macroscepis
Macroscepis   is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1819. It is native to Latin America and the West Indies.

Species

formerly included

moved to Gonolobus, Matelea, Oxypetalum

Macroscepis dutrae now  Gonolobus dutrae

Macroscepis longiflora now  Matelea longiflora

Macroscepis retusa now  Oxypetalum retusum

Matelea
Matelea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It contains about 200 species, which are commonly known as milkvines. Some people consider Chthamalia to be a synonym to or a subgenus of Matelea.
Museum of Criminology (Athens)
The Museum of Criminology is a university exhibition space belonging to the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens . The museum records the history of crime in Greece during the 19th and 20th centuries. The museum's main target audience is students related to the Faculty of Medicine, in order to obtain information.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
Frongoch railway station
Frongoch railway station served the village of Frongoch on the Great Western Railway's Bala Ffestiniog Line in Gwynedd, Wales.

The station closed to passengers in January 1960, and to freight a year later, with the last revenue-earning train on 27 January 1961.

Llyn Celyn
Llyn Celyn (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬɨ̞n ˈkɛlɨ̞n]) is a reservoir constructed between 1960 and 1965 including the highly controversial Tryweryn flooding in the valley of the River Tryweryn in Gwynedd, Wales. This included the forcible removal of the Capel Celyn village residents despite protest and opposition of Welsh MPs.

With an area of 320 hectares (1.2 sq mi), it measures roughly 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long by 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, and has a maximum depth of 140 ft (43 m).  It has the capacity to hold 71,200,000 cubic metres (93,100,000 cu yd) of water.

It was originally to be named Llyn Tryweryn Mawr (meaning "great Tryweryn lake"), but in September 1964 Liverpool Corporation agreed to the name change following a letter from the Tryweryn Defence Committee.
Current yield
The current yield, interest yield,  income yield, flat yield, market yield, mark to market yield or running yield is a financial term used in reference to bonds and other fixed-interest securities such as gilts. It is the ratio of the annual interest (coupon) payment and the bond's price:

Coupon (finance)
In finance, a coupon is the interest payment that a bond issuer promises to pay a bondholder regularly from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond.

Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5% (per year), then it pays total coupons of $50 per year. Typically, this will consist of two semi-annual payments of $25 each.
Yang Mingrui
Yang Mingrui (simplified Chinese: 杨铭锐; traditional Chinese: 楊銘銳; pinyin: Yáng Míngruì; born 5 April 2007) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Chinese Super League club Dalian Yingbo.

2025 National Games of China
The 15th National Games of China (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国第十五届运动会; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國第十五屆運動會; Portuguese: 15.ª edição dos Jogos Nacionais da República Popular da China), was a multi-sports event held throughout Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau from 9 to 21 November 2025 (though some events took place before the Games started). It was the third time Guangdong had hosted the National Games, after 1987 and 2001, and the first time the two special administrative regions of China; Hong Kong and Macau, have hosted the National Games. It is also the first time in the history of the National Games that it is co-hosted by multiple provinces.
Aguni Islands
35°50′32.08″N 139°48′15.83″E﻿ / ﻿35.8422444°N 139.8043972°E﻿ / 35.8422444; 139.8043972

The Aguni Islands (粟国諸島, Aguni Shotō) are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, located about 60 km west of Okinawa Island.

They include

Aguni Village (Shimajiri District)
Aguni Island (粟国島, Aguni-jima)

Tonaki, Village (Shimajiri District)
Tonaki Island (渡名喜島, Tonaki-jima)
Irisuna Island (入砂島, Irisuna-jima)

Irisuna-jima
Irisuna-jima (入砂島), also known as Idesuna-jima (出砂島), is an uninhabited island in Tonaki, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It lies approximately four kilometres to the west of Cape Watanjisaki (ワタンジ崎), the northwest tip of Tonaki Island. Ceramics, including kamui ware and celadons, are evidence of human activity on the island over the longue durée. Public access is now prohibited since, under the designation FAC (Facilities Admin Code) 6078, Idesuna Jima Range (出砂島射爆撃場) is a live-fire training area for the United States Forces Japan.
Man v. Food season 3
The third season of the food reality television series, Man v. Food, premiered on the Travel Channel June 16, 2010, at 9 pm Eastern Time. On Man v. Food, the host, actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman, visits a different city to sample the "big food" of its local eateries before taking on a pre-existing eating challenge at one of the local restaurants.

The final third-season tally wound up at 12 wins for Man and 9 wins for Food (despite technically finishing his challenge in Indianapolis, Adam called it a victory for Food).

Man v. Food
Man v. Food is an American food reality television series that premiered on December 3, 2008 on the Travel Channel. The original program ran for four seasons, until April 11, 2012, and was hosted by actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman. In each episode, Richman explores the "big food" offerings of a different American city before facing off against a pre-existing eating challenge at a local restaurant. The program airs in syndication at various times during the week.

Travel Channel revived the series on August 7, 2017, with Casey Webb replacing Richman as host, starting with the fifth season on August 7. The show moved to the Cooking Channel for season eight, which premiered on July 2, 2019.
Ulakhan Fault
The Ulakhan Fault is a left-lateral transform fault that runs along the boundary between the North American plate and the Okhotsk microplate in northeast Asia.  It runs from a triple junction in the Chersky Range in the west, to another triple junction with the Aleutian Trench and the Kuril Trench in the east. From the offset of dated geomorphological features, a slip rate of 5.3±1.3 mm per year has been measured, consistent with estimates from GPS-constrained global plate models. The analysis of fault scarps along the fault zone in the Seymchan Basin suggests that the fault is characterised by occasional large (Mw>7.5) earthquakes.

Triple junction
A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of three types – a ridge (R), trench (T) or transform fault (F) – and triple junctions can be described according to the types of plate margin that meet at them (e.g. fault–fault–trench, ridge–ridge–ridge, or abbreviated F-F-T, R-R-R). Of the ten possible types of triple junctions only a few are stable through time (stable in this context means that the geometrical configuration of the triple junction will not change through geologic time). The meeting of four or more plates is also theoretically possible, but junctions will only exist instantaneously.
July 1866 Stamford by-election
The July 1866 Stamford by-election was held on 4 May 1868. A Ministerial By-Election, this was fought following the appointment of both incumbent Conservative MPs to Ministerial positions, Robert Gasgoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranbourne becoming Secretary of State for India and John Dalrymple-Hay as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty in the Third Derby-Disraeli ministry. Both men were elected unopposed, by established convention.

Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
Stamford was a constituency in the county of Lincolnshire of the House of Commons for the Parliament of England to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868 when this was reduced to one.
Andrea Brand
Andrea Hilary Brand (born March 9, 1959) is the Herchel Smith Professor of Molecular Biology and a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. She heads a lab investigating nervous system development at the Gurdon Institute and the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience. She developed the GAL4/UAS system with Norbert Perrimon which has been described as “a fly geneticist's Swiss army knife”.

European Molecular Biology Organization
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional, non-profit organization of more than 2,100 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It co-funds courses, workshops and conferences, publishes five scientific journals and supports individual scientists.  The organization was founded in 1964 and is a founding member of the Initiative for Science in Europe. As of 2022 the Director of EMBO is Fiona Watt, a stem cell researcher, professor at King's College London and a group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
Mappila songs
Mappila songs (or Mappila Paattu) are a folklore Muslim song genre rendered to lyrics, within a melodic framework (Ishal), in Arabi Malayalam by the Mappilas of the Malabar region in Kerala, India. Mappila songs have a distinct cultural identity, while at the same time remaining closely linked to the cultural practices of Kerala.

The songs often use words from Persian, Hindustani, and Tamil, apart from Arabic and Malayalam, but the grammatical syntax is always based in Malayalam. They deal with themes such as religion, love, satire, and heroism, and are often sung at marriages, get-togethers and family functions. Mappila Paattu form an integral part of the heritage of Malayalam literature today and is regarded by some as the most popular branch of Malayalam literature, enjoyed by all Malayali communities in Kerala and Beary-speaking communities of Karnataka.

M. S. Baburaj
Mohammad Sabir Baburaj (3 March 1929 – 7 October 1978) was an Indian music composer. He is often credited for the renaissance of Malayalam film music. Baburaj has rendered music to many evergreen Malayalam film songs.
Al Falle
Al Falle (1943 – November 26, 2022) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Hootalinqua in the Yukon Legislative Assembly from 1978 to 1985. He sat as a member of the Yukon Progressive Conservative Party.

After his retirement from the legislature, he remained active in the Progressive Conservatives and the successor Yukon Party. He was an active supporter of Yukon Party MLA Brad Cathers, who quit the party in 2009 due to a disagreement with the leadership of then-Premier Dennis Fentie, resulting in Falle commencing a leadership challenge against Fentie in 2010 which he later withdrew. He supported the election of party leader Darrell Pasloski in 2011.

Falle died on November 26, 2022, at the age of 79.

Brad Cathers
Brad Cathers is a Canadian politician. He represents the electoral district of Lake Laberge in the Yukon Legislative Assembly on behalf of the Yukon Party. He is currently the longest-serving incumbent in the Assembly.
Farley, Derbyshire
Farley is a hamlet in the Derbyshire Dales district, in the English county of Derbyshire. It is near the town of Matlock. The nearest main road is the A6 road.

53°09′20″N 1°33′42″W﻿ / ﻿53.1555°N 1.5617°W﻿ / 53.1555; -1.5617

Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales (/ˈdɑːrbiʃɪər, -ʃər/ DAR-bee-sheer, -⁠shər) is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district was created in 1974 as West Derbyshire; the name was changed to Derbyshire Dales in 1987. The council is based in the town of Matlock, and the district also includes the towns of Ashbourne, Bakewell, Darley Dale and Wirksworth, as well as numerous villages and extensive rural areas. Much of the district is within the Peak District National Park.

The neighbouring districts are High Peak, Sheffield, North East Derbyshire, Amber Valley, South Derbyshire, East Staffordshire and Staffordshire Moorlands.
Batella muscosa
Batella muscosa is a species in the moth genus Batella in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by Ugo Dall'Asta in 1981, but the name is preoccupied by the crustacean genus Batella Holthuis, 1955. The species was first described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is found in western Africa.

Lymantriinae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.

Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The caterpillar, or larval, stage of these species often has a distinctive appearance of alternating bristles and haired projections. Many tussock moth caterpillars have urticating hairs (often hidden among longer, softer hairs), which can cause painful reactions if they come into contact with skin.

The subfamily Lymantriinae includes about 350 known genera and over 2,500 known species found in every continent except Antarctica. They are particularly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and South America. One estimate lists 258 species in Madagascar alone. Apart from oceanic islands, notable places that do not host lymantriines include the Antilles and New Caledonia.
Carrick Island
Carrick Island is a small island in the Quabbin Reservoir in Massachusetts, roughly 600 feet (180 m) by 300 feet (91 m). It is part of the Town of Petersham, in Worcester County. The island lies just west of the much larger Mount Zion Island, the largest island in the reservoir. It serves as both a cultural and historic feature.

Petersham, Massachusetts
Petersham /ˈpiːtərsæm/ is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.  The population was 1,194 at the 2020 census. Petersham is home to a considerable amount of conservation land, including the Quabbin Reservation, Harvard Forest, the Swift River Reservation, and Federated Women's Club State Forest.
Ivandol, Slovenia
Ivandol (pronounced [iʋanˈdoːl]) is a small settlement in the hills west of Leskovec in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Leskovec pri Krškem
Leskovec pri Krškem (pronounced [lɛˈskɔːʋəts pɾi ˈkəɾʃkɛm] or [lɛˈskoːʋəts pɾi ˈkəɾʃkɛm]; German: Haselbach) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sava River in the City Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Grad (a.k.a. Turnska graščina), Beli Breg, Veliki Marof (in older sources also Gorenji Marof, German: Obermeierhof), and Žadovinka. Older sources also mention the appertaining hamlet of Bajer (German: Weiher).
Charles Dowse
Christianity portal

Charles Benjamim Dowse (21 September 1862 – 13 January 1934) was the Bishop of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert and Kilmacduagh who soon after his consecration in June 1912 was translated to Cork.

Born on 21 September 1862 into an ecclesiastical family  and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, he was  ordained in 1885. His first posts were curacies at St. Catherine's Church, Dublin; Christ Church, Gorey and St Matthias Church, Dublin. After these he was Vicar of Christ Church, Dublin from  1900 to 1912; and Professor of Pastoral Theology at his old college from 1907. In June 1912 he was elevated to the episcopate, serving until September 1933. He died on 13 January 1934, leaving estate valued at £3,853 net.

Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Killaloe and Clonfert (Full title: Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora with Clonfert and Kilmacduagh) was the Ordinary of the Church of Ireland diocese of Killaloe and Clonfert; comprising all of County Clare and part of counties of Tipperary, Galway and Roscommon, Ireland.
Razhden the Protomartyr
Razhden (Georgian: რაჟდენი, romanized: razhdeni, also transliterated as Ražden or Rajden; died c. 457) was a 5th-century Persian nobleman in the service of the Georgian king Vakhtang I of Iberia and a convert to Christianity who was executed by the Sassanid military in Iberia. He was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church as St. Razhden the Protomartyr (რაჟდენ პირველმოწამე, razhden pirvelmotsame), with his feast day marked on August 16 (O.S. August 3).

Iranian languages
The Iranian languages, or the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, mainly in the Iranian Plateau.

The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE) and New Iranian (since 900 CE). The two directly attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Avesta predates Old Iranian language, Old Avestan (c. 1500 – 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – 400 BCE). Of the Middle Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Middle Persian (from the Sasanian Empire), Parthian (from the Parthian Empire), and Bactrian (from the Kushan and Hephthalite empires).