hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China
The 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China took place on 1 October 2009. A military parade involving 10,000 troops and the display of many high-tech weapons was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and various celebrations were conducted all over the country. China's paramount leader Hu Jintao inspected the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately followed by a civilian parade involving 100,000 participants.

Type 99 tank
The Type 99 (Chinese: 99式主战坦克; pinyin: Jiǔjiǔshì Zhǔzhàn Tǎnkè) or ZTZ-99 is a Chinese third generation main battle tank (MBT). The vehicle was a replacement for the aging Type 88 introduced in the late 1980s. The Type 99 MBT was China's first mass-produced third-generation main battle tank. Combining modular composite armour and tandem-charge defeating ERA, 125 mm smoothbore gun with ATGM-capability, high mobility, digital systems and optics, the Type 99 represents a shift towards rapid modernization by the PLA.

The Type 99 is based on the Soviet T-72 chassis. The tank entered People's Liberation Army (PLA) service in 2001.  The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF) is the sole operator of the Type 99. Three main versions of the Type 99 have been deployed: the Type 98 prototype, Type 99 and the Type 99A. The Type 99 forms the core of China’s modern maneuver combat capabilities, with over 1,300 tanks built for the past two decades.
Nordic combined at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Team large hill/2 × 7.5 km
The team large hill/2 × 7.5 km competition in Nordic combined at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 19 February, at the Predazzo Ski Jumping Stadium (ski jumping) and Cross country and biathlon center Fabio Canal (cross-country skiing). Andreas Skoglund and Jens Lurås Oftebro of Norway won the event. Lurås Oftebro thus won all three nordic combined events at the 2026 Winter Olympics. He became only the second athlete after Samppa Lajunen in 2002 to achieve such a sweep. Ilkka Herola and Eero Hirvonen of Finland won silver medals, and Stefan Rettenegger and Johannes Lamparter of Austria bronze. Skoglund and Lamparter got their first Olympic medals.

Nordic combined at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held at the Predazzo Ski Jumping Stadium (ski jumping) and Cross country and biathlon center Fabio Canal (cross-country skiing). The three events took place between 11 and 19 February 2026.
Viorel Vișan
Viorel Vișan (born 21 January 1952) is a Romanian former footballer and manager.

He was mostly known for his spell as a player at Politehnica Timișoara with whom he won the 1979–80 Cupa României, scoring one goal in the final against Steaua București. He also helped them eliminate Celtic in the 1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Yaryna Turchyn
Yaryna Bohdanivna Turchyn (Ukrainian: Турчин Ярина Богданівна, born (1975-10-22)October 22, 1975 in Lviv) is a director of the Institute of Humanities and Social Studies Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Carl Gustaf Dücker
Count Carl Gustaf Dücker (1663 – 3 July 1732) was a Swedish field marshal (Fältmarskalk) and Royal Councillor.

Born in Livonia, Dücker began his career fighting for the French in the Nine Years' war. At the start of the Great Northern War, Dücker became a subordinate to King Charles XII and served under him with distinction during the Polish and Russian campaigns. Dücker was taken prisoner following the disastrous battle of Poltava, but was released soon after in a prisoner exchange. Upon returning to service, he fought against Coalition forces in Swedish Pomerania, most notably during the siege of Stralsund. After being taken prisoner once again, he returned to Sweden in early 1718 and participated in the siege of Fredriksten.

In January 1719, he was promoted to the rank of field marshal and received the title of count and a seat in the Royal Council. Dücker was also put in charge of the War College but did not become president. Dücker died in 1732 in Stockholm.

Fältmarskalk
Fältmarskalk (field marshal) was a Swedish military rank equivalent to present day NATO OF-10. Sometimes written as generalfältmarskalk (General Field Marshal, or German equivalent Generalfeldmarschall).

The rank of field marshal, the highest in the Swedish Army, existed from the late 16th century until 1837. It was last appointed in 1824 and officially discontinued in 1972. Historically, it was primarily used during wartime. Sweden has had a total of 77 field marshals.

Riksmarskalk (Marshal of the Realm) was earlier the most senior military officer in Sweden (still second to the Monarch), but is now the senior courtier of the Royal Court.
2011 Men's EuroHockey Championship IV
The 2011 Men's EuroHockey Championship IV was the fourth edition of the EuroHockey Championship IV, the fourth level of the men's European field hockey championships organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held in Athens, Greece from 2 to 7 August 2011.

Turkey won their first EuroHockey Championship IV title and were promoted to EuroHockey Championship III.

EuroHockey Championship IV
The EuroHockey Championship IV, formerly known as the EuroHockey Nations Challenge II,  is a competition for European national field hockey teams. It is the fourth level of the European field hockey Championships for national teams.

For men's national teams this is the lowest tier. There is promotion and relegation. The one or two first ranked teams qualify for the next Men's EuroHockey Championship III and are replaced by the one or two lowest-ranked teams from that tournament.

The tournament has been won by seven different teams: Gibraltar has the most titles with two and Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey have all won the tournament once. The most recent edition was held in Helsinki, Finland and was won by Hungary. The next edition was supposed to be held in Kordin, Malta in August 2021 but was cancelled due to the travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wilhelm von Brandenburg
Wilhelm von Brandenburg (30 June 1498 – 4 February 1563) was a Latvian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Riga from 1539 to 1561.

A member of the House of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm was the son of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, the brother of Albert, Duke of Prussia, and the grandson of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg and Casimir IV Jagiellon.

After William's administration as Prince-bishop ended during the Livonian War, Riga became a Free City (1561–1581). He died there on 4 February 1563 was buried in Riga Cathedral.

Albrecht III Achilles
Albrecht III (9 November 1414 – 11 March 1486) was Elector of Brandenburg from 1471 until his death, the third from the House of Hohenzollern. A member of the Order of the Swan, he received the cognomen Achilles  because of his knightly qualities and virtues. He also ruled in the Franconian principalities of Ansbach from 1440 and Kulmbach from 1464 (as Albrecht I).
2022 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
The 2022 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an all-star basketball game that was played on March 29, 2022, at Wintrust Arena in Chicago, Illinois. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in the class of 2022. The game was the 45th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1977. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the game had not been held since 2019.
The 24 players were selected from over 700 nominees by a committee of basketball experts. They were chosen not only for their on-court skills, but for their performances off the court as well. Dariq Whitehead of the East had 13 points, seven rebounds and seven assists, and was named the game's most valuable player (MVP).

2019 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
The 2019 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game that was played on Wednesday, March 27, 2019 at the State Farm Arena in Atlanta, Georgia, home of the Atlanta Hawks. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in the class of 2019. The game was the 42nd annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1977. Cole Anthony of the East had 14 points, five rebounds and seven assists, and was named the game's most valuable player (MVP).

The 24 players were selected from 2,500 nominees by a committee of basketball experts. They were chosen not only for their on-court skills, but for their performances off the court as well. Coach Morgan Wootten, who had more than 1,200 wins as head basketball coach at DeMatha Catholic High School, was chairman of the selection committee.
Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic
The first responses of the government of India to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country involved thermal screenings of passengers arriving from China, the country from which the coronavirus disease 2019 originated, as well as of passengers arriving from other countries. As the pandemic spread worldwide, the Indian government recommended social distancing measures and also initiated travel and entry restrictions. Throughout March 2020, several shutdowns and business closures were initiated, and by the end of the month, the Indian government ordered a widespread lockdown. An economic package was announced in May 2020.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the Commission of Railway Safety.
Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement
The Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement, also called the Pretoria Agreement or the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA), is a peace treaty between the government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) that was signed 2 November 2022, wherein both parties agreed to a "permanent cessation of hostilities" to end the Tigray war. The agreement was made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the second anniversary of the war.

Shire, Ethiopia
Shire (Tigrinya: ሽረ, Shuh-ruh; Amharic: ሽሬ, Shuh-ré), also known as Shire Inda Selassie (Tigrinya: ሽረ እንዳ ሥላሴ, meaning "House of the Trinity"), is a city and separate woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The city is the administrative center of the Shire Awraja, Mi erabawi Zoba and now Semien Mi'irabawi Zone. It was part of Tahtay Koraro district.
History of the Berkeley Software Distribution
The history of the Berkeley Software Distribution began in the 1970s when University of California, Berkeley received a copy of Unix. Professors and students at the university began adding software to the operating system and released it as BSD to select universities. Since it contained proprietary Unix code, it originally had to be distributed subject to AT&T licenses. The bundled software from AT&T was then rewritten and released as free software under the BSD license. However, this resulted in a lawsuit with Unix System Laboratories, the AT&T subsidiary responsible for Unix. Eventually, in the 1990s, the final versions of BSD were publicly released without any proprietary licenses, which led to many descendants of the operating system that are still maintained today.

SunOS
SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems from 1982 until the mid-1990s. The SunOS name is usually only used to refer to versions 1.0 to 4.1.4, which were based on BSD, while versions 5.0 and later are based on UNIX System V Release 4 and are marketed under the brand name Solaris.
Luria controversa
Luria controversa, the 'Controversial Isabella', is a species of cowry, a sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Some specialists consider Luria controversa a valid species (F. A. Schilder), while other authors (Felix Lorenz) regard this cowry as just a subspecies of Luria isabella (Luria isabella var. controversa).

Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries (sg. cowry or cowrie), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.
1st Cavalry Division "Eugenio di Savoia"
The 1st Cavalry Division "Eugenio di Savoia" (Italian: 1ª Divisione celere "Eugenio di Savoia") was a cavalry or "Celere" (Fast) division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division was mobilized in 1940 and took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The division was assigned to the XI Corps in Ljubljana and remained in Yugoslavia as occupation force on the Dalmatian coast. After the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the division was disbanded by the Germans.

Military ranks of the Kingdom of Italy
The Military ranks of the Kingdom of Italy were the military insignia used by the Italian Armed Forces when Italy was the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946). During the World Wars, the Carabinieri, as the then-most senior corps of the Army, wore similar insignia to those used by the rest of the service.
Štip
Štip (Macedonian: Штип [ʃtip] ⓘ) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of North Macedonia, serving as the economic, industrial, entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities.

As of the 2021 census, Štip had a population of about 44,866, making it North Macedonia's sixth most populous city.

Štip is the largest textile production center in the country. It is the center of the fashion industry in North Macedonia, as well as the site of the sole public university in eastern North Macedonia, the Goce Delčev University of Štip.

The city is the eponymous seat of the Municipality of Štip.

Stefan Milutin
Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин, romanized: Stefan Uroš II Milutin; c. 1253 – 29 October 1321), known posthumously as "the Holy King" (Свети краљ), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages and one of the most prominent European monarchs of his time. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30.
Marcus Davis
Marcus Davis (born August 24, 1973), is an American former professional mixed martial artist and former professional boxer who is perhaps best known for competing in the UFC. A professional MMA competitor from 2003 until 2021, Davis also competed for Bellator MMA, the MFC, the Cage Fury Fighting Championships, and was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2.

2013 in Bellator MMA
2013 in Bellator MMA was the eighth installment of the Bellator MMA, which began on January 17, 2013 and ended on April 4, 2013.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes and all of the champions, except the heavyweight champion, placed their titles on the line during this season.

This season marked the beginning of Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) airing on Spike TV.
Jacobs River (New Zealand)
The Jacobs River or Makawhio River is located some 30 km (19 mi) south of Fox Glacier in South Westland, New Zealand. From its headwaters near Fettes Peak below the Hooker Range it flows in a westerly direction to enter the Tasman Sea near Hunts Beach. Its tributaries include Jumbo Creek and Pavo Creek. Just upstream from the bridge is Borat Flat.

The river is of cultural significance to Ngāi Tahu, a South Island iwi (tribe), which holds manawhenua or tribal authority over the land in accordance with the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998. There are a number of sacred sites and burial places along the river. The river has also been a source of seafood for Ngāi Tahu, and is a source of Aotea, a rock containing kyanite that is only found in the river. In 2016 GNS Science was awarded funding to investigate the commercial potential of Aotea.

Westland District
Westland District is a territorial authority district on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is administered by the Westland District Council. The district's population is 9,270 (June 2024).
Sharon Garin
Sharon Serag Garin is a Filipino politician who has served as the secretary of energy on an ad interim basis since 2025. She previously served as an undersecretary in the Department of Energy from 2022 to 2025 and as the representative for the AAMBIS-Owa Party List from 2010 to 2022.

Born to a longtime political dynasty based in Iloilo's first district, Garin was first elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 2010. During her tenure, she served as a deputy speaker from 2016 to 2019, and chaired the Philippine House Committee on Economic Affairs from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2022.

After leaving Congress, she joined the Department of Energy in 2022 as an undersecretary, during which she pursued efforts toward attaining nuclear power in the Philippines. In May 2025, President Bongbong Marcos appointed Garin as secretary of energy as an officer in charge as part of a major cabinet reshuffle before permanently appointing her to the position in July.

Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
The deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (Filipino: Mga Depyuti Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas) are the second highest-ranking officials of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. During the absence of the House speaker, one of the House deputy speakers will preside over a session of the chamber.

The positions of deputy speakers were established in the 10th Congress, replacing the single office of speaker pro tempore, which existed from 1922 to 1995.

The incumbent deputy speakers of the House are representatives Dinand Hernandez (Senior Deputy Speaker), Janette Garin, Yasser Balindong, Paolo Ortega, Jay Khonghun, Kristine Singson-Meehan, Ronaldo Puno, Ferjenel Biron, Raymond Mendoza, Yevgeny Emano, and David Suarez.
Double patenting
Double patenting is the granting of two patents for a single invention, to the same proprietor and in the same country or countries. According to the European Patent Office, it is an accepted principle in most patent systems that two patents cannot be granted to the same applicant for one invention. However, the threshold for double patenting varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

Appeal procedure before the European Patent Office
The European Patent Convention (EPC), the multilateral treaty instituting the legal system according to which European patents are granted, contains provisions allowing a party to appeal a decision issued by a first instance department of the European Patent Office (EPO). For instance, a decision of an Examining Division refusing to grant a European patent application may be appealed by the applicant. The appeal procedure before the European Patent Office is under the responsibility of its Boards of Appeal, which are institutionally independent within the EPO.
Wildlife of Algeria
The wildlife of Algeria is composed of its flora and fauna. Mountains, chotts, wetlands, and grassy desert-like regions all support a wide range of wildlife. The most commonly seen animals include the wild boars, jackals, and gazelles, although it is not uncommon to spot fennecs and jerboas. Leopards and cheetahs are seldom seen.

A variety of bird species make the country an attraction for bird watchers. Barbary macaques are the sole native monkey.

Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting. The rail family is found in every terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, polar or freezing regions, and alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. Numerous unique island species are known.
Tate's isogeny theorem
In mathematics, Tate's isogeny theorem, proved by Tate (1966), states that two abelian varieties over a finite field are isogeneous if and only if their Tate modules are isomorphic (as Galois representations).

Tate module
In mathematics, a Tate module of an abelian group, named for John Tate, is a module constructed from an abelian group A. Often, this construction is made in the following situation: G is a commutative group scheme over a field K, Ks is the separable closure of K, and A = G(Ks) (the Ks-valued points of G). In this case, the Tate module of A is equipped with an action of the absolute Galois group of K, and it is referred to as the Tate module of G.
Histogram equalization
Histogram equalization is a method in image processing of contrast adjustment using the image's histogram.

Histogram equalization is a specific case of the more general class of histogram remapping methods. These methods seek to adjust the image to make it easier to analyze or improve visual quality (e.g., retinex).

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.