hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2005 WGC-World Cup
The 2005 WGC-World Cup took place 17–20 November at the Oceânico Golf on its Victoria Course in Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal. It was the 51st World Cup and the sixth as a World Golf Championship event.

The course was designed by Arnold Palmer and opened in 2004, the year before it hosted the World Cup. Eleven years after this tournament, in 2016, Dom Pedro Golf acquired the Victoria Course and four other Vilamoura courses from Oceânico Golf.

24 countries competed and each country sent two players. The prize money totaled $4,000,000 with $1,400,000 going to the winning pair. The Welsh team of Stephen Dodd and Bradley Dredge won. They won by two strokes over the English and Swedish teams after the event was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
SN 1000+0216
SN 1000+0216 was an extremely remote hypernova or superluminous supernova (SLSN), which occurred in between June and November 2006 in the constellation Sextans. Its peak far-ultraviolet absolute magnitude reached −21.5, which exceeded the total absolute magnitude of its host galaxy. The distance (redshift) to this supernova z=3.8993 ± 0.0074 makes it the most distant supernova observed as of 2012.

The luminosity of SN 1000+0216 evolved slowly over several years as it was still detectable in November 2008. Both the high luminosity and slow decay indicate that the supernova's progenitor was a very massive star. The supernova explosion itself was likely either a pair-instability supernova or a pulsational pair-instability supernova similar to the SN 2007bi event. It also had some similarities to the low redshift SN 2006gy supernova. Overall classification of SN 1000+0216 remains uncertain.

SN 2007bi
SN 2007bi was an extremely energetic supernova discovered early in 2007 by the international Nearby Supernova Factory based at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The precursor star is estimated to have had 200 solar masses at the time of its formation and around 100 solar masses in its core when it went supernova. The explosion ejected more than 22 solar masses of silicon and other heavy elements into space during this supernova including more than 6 solar masses of radioactive nickel which caused the expanding gases to glow very brightly for many months.

The supernova has been described as an unambiguous fit for the pair-instability supernova model.
Gault
The Gault Formation is a geological formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep-water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian). It is well exposed in the coastal cliffs at Copt Point in Folkestone, Kent, England, where it overlays the Lower Greensand formation, and underlies the Upper Greensand Formation. These represent different facies, with the sandier parts probably being deposited close to the shore and the clay in quieter water further from the source of sediment; both are believed to be shallow-water deposits.

The etymology  of the name is uncertain and probably of local origin.

Facies
In geology, a facies (/ˈfeɪʃɪ.iːz/ FAY-shih-eez, US also /ˈfeɪʃiːz/ FAY-sheez; same pronunciation and spelling in the plural) is a body of rock with distinctive characteristics. The characteristics can be any observable attribute of rocks (such as their overall appearance, composition, or condition of formation) and the changes that may occur in those attributes over a geographic area. A facies encompasses all the characteristics of a rock including its chemical, physical, and biological features that distinguish it from adjacent rock.

The term "facies" was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy, which replaced the earlier notions of Neptunism.
Zaragoza (Congress of Deputies constituency)
Zaragoza is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects seven deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Zaragoza. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Province of Zaragoza
Zaragoza (Spanish pronunciation: [θaɾaˈɣoθa]), also called Saragossa in English, is a province of northern Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Aragon. Its capital is the city of Zaragoza, which is also the capital of the autonomous community. Other towns in the province include La Almunia de Doña Godina, Borja, Calatayud, Caspe, Ejea de los Caballeros, Tarazona, and Utebo.

Its area is 17,274 km², which makes it the fourth-largest Spanish province by land area. Its population was 954,811 in 2018, accounting for slightly over 72% of the entire population of Aragon; nearly 75% of those lived in the capital. Its population density was 51/km². It contains 292 municipalities, of which more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in the easternmost part (Bajo Aragón-Caspe comarca and Mequinenza municipality).
Shackleton, Zimbabwe
Shackleton is a village in Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe, near the Chinhoyi region.

It is known for the Shackleton Copper Mine, an underground copper mine which was established in 1960 and began production in 1971. The ore is described by Mindat as "sedimentary copper deposit, hosted in calcareous argillite and arkose".

In 2000, Shackleton was shut down, as copper mining declined. Along with Mhangura, Sutton, Vanad, and Kildonan, the mining towns became ghost towns, changing from thriving communities to impoverished small villages.

Vanad
Vanad is a village in the province of Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. It is located about 12 km north of Mutorashanga in the Mvurwi Range. The village started as a residential settlement for the Vanad chromite mine, operated by ZimAlloys.

According to the 1982 Population Census, the village had a population of 2,565. With the closure of the mine, Vanad became a Ghost town.
2021–22 HockeyAllsvenskan season
The 2021–22 HockeyAllsvenskan season was the 17th season that the second tier of Swedish ice hockey operated under that name. The series consists of 14 teams playing a regular season in which each team play each other team four times, twice at home and twice away. This is followed by a series of promotion and relegation tournaments, with the teams finishing first through tenth participating in promotion playoffs, and the teams finishing 13th and 14th forced to requalify to avoid relegation to the Hockeyettan.

Hockeyettan
Hockeyettan is the third tier of ice hockey in Sweden. As of the 2015–16 season, the league consists of 39 teams divided geographically into four groups. Hockeyettan operates a system of promotion and relegation with HockeyAllsvenskan and Division 2.

From 1944 to 1975, Division I was the highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, but with the creation of Elitserien (now the SHL) in 1975, it became the second tier. Division I was further relegated to third-tier status in 1999 as HockeyAllsvenskan was spun off into a standalone league, but was frequently written as "Division 1" on the Internet, as it was pronounced "Division One". The league was renamed Hockeyettan for the 2014–15 season.

Hockeyettan is the lowest tier to be organized by the Swedish Ice Hockey Association; all men's tiers below Hockeyettan are organized regionally.
1976 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1976 Ukrainian Cup was the 24th edition of the Ukrainian SSR football knockout competition, known as the Ukrainian Cup. The competition started on May 28, 1976.

The last year cup holder Zirka Kirovohrad was knocked out of the competition by Metalist Kharkiv in the quarterfinals.

FC Kramatorsk
Football Club Kramatorsk (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб Краматорськ; Russian: Футбольный клуб Краматорск) is a professional Ukrainian football club from the city of Kramatorsk in Donetsk Oblast.

The club takes its history from a factory team of the Old Kramatorsk Machine-building Plant (SKMZ).
Poet Laureate of Washington
The poet laureate of Washington is a poet designated by the government of the US state of Washington to promote poetry generally, and Washington poetry specifically, within the state. The office was established by an act of the Washington State Legislature in 2007.

Washington State Legislature
The Washington State Legislature is the state legislature of the State of Washington. It is a bicameral body, composed of the lower Washington House of Representatives, composed of 98 representatives, and the upper Washington State Senate, with 49 senators plus the lieutenant governor acting as president.

The state is divided into 49 legislative districts, each of which elect one senator and two representatives. Senators and the lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms while representatives are elected to two-year terms.

The state legislature meets in the Legislative Building at the Washington State Capitol in Olympia.

As of January 2025, Democrats control both houses of the Washington State Legislature. Democrats hold a 59–39 majority in the House of Representatives and a 30–19 majority in the Senate.
Joseph Franchère
Joseph Franchère (August 15, 1785 – 1824 or later) was a political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Bedford in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1820 and from 1822 to 1824.

He was born in Quebec City, the son of Antoine Franchère and Marie-Josephe Nicolas. Franchère was a captain in the militia during the War of 1812. He was first elected to the assembly in April 1820 and defeated by John Jones in the election that followed in July of the same year. The results of that election were subsequently declared invalid and Franchère was elected in a by-election held in 1822. He did not run for reelection in 1824.

His brother Timothée served in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. His sister Marguerite married Rémi-Séraphin Bourdages.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Why I Have Taken Up the Struggle Against Bolshevism
Why I Have Taken Up the Struggle Against Bolshevism (Russian: «Почему я стал на путь борьбы с большевизмом») is a two-page open letter by the Russian lieutenant general and the commander of the Russian Liberation Army Andrey Vlasov. After the twenty-three years' service in the Soviet military, Vlasov changed his allegiance during World War II to collaborate with Nazi Germany. According to Robert Service, Vlasov was outraged when Joseph Stalin denied him permission to retreat in time from an unavoidable encirclement of the 2nd Shock Army. In June 1942 Vlasov refused to be airlifted for evacuation to the rear and chose to stay with his men. Having been captured by the Germans in the same month, Vlasov published his open letter in the newspaper Zarya on March 3, 1943. For his speeches about future independent Russia Vlasov was placed by Germans under house arrest.

Open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but are provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Critical open letters addressed to political leaders are especially common.

Two of the most famous and influential open letters are J'accuse...! by Émile Zola to the president of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage; and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail", including the famous quotation "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere".
Tuscumbia darter
The Tuscumbia darter (Etheostoma tuscumbia) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States where it occurs in well-vegetated springs along the Tennessee River in Alabama.  This species can reach a length of 6.1 centimetres (2.4 in) TL though most only reach about 4 centimetres (1.6 in).

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Montagne du Fourneau
Montagne du Fourneau is a mountain in the Lac-Témiscouata National Park in Quebec, Canada. It owes its name to the fact that during the first half of the 19th century, the mountain's limestone deposits were used to fuel a lime kiln at Fort Ingall. It was then used as forest land by the owners of the Madawaska Seignory. The unconceded lands of the seigneury were acquired by the Quebec government in 1969.

The mountain is home to a red pine-white pine forest, a forest group that was classified as an exceptional forest ecosystem in 2003 due to its rarity in Eastern Quebec. This rarity is attributable to the low number of forest fires in the region, due to its high humidity. The site is also home to the largest white-tailed deer wintering habitat in the Lower St. Lawrence. It was included in the Lac-Témiscouata National Park when it was created back in 2009.

Exceptional forest ecosystems of Quebec
The exceptional forest ecosystems of Quebec (French: Écosystèmes forestiers exceptionnel du Québec; EFE) are stands of trees of outstanding interest for biodiversity that are intended to be preserved for future generations. They are protected by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife of Quebec.
Dietmar Schmidt
Dietmar Schmidt (born 29 April 1952 in Zwickau) is a handball coach who is currently the assistant coach at the women's team BSV Sachsen Zwickau. He is also a former East German handball player who won gold medals in the 1980 Summer Olympics as the captain.

DDR-Oberliga Handball
The Handball-Oberliga der DDR was the top handball division in East Germany. It existed from 1964 to 1991 with the 1990-1991 season being the last one before the German re-unification.

Prior to 1964 the East German Championship was decided in a tournament format.
ConScript Unicode Registry
The ConScript Unicode Registry is a volunteer project to coordinate the assignment of code points in the Unicode Private Use Areas (PUA) for the encoding of artificial scripts, such as those for constructed languages. It was founded by John Cowan and was maintained by him and Michael Everson. It is not affiliated with the Unicode Consortium.

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
2015 Uruguay Open
The 2015 Uruguay Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is the eleventh edition of the tournament, and it is part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Montevideo, Uruguay between November 16 and November 22, 2015.

Uruguay Open
The Uruguay Open is a tennis tournament held in Montevideo, Uruguay since 2005. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor clay courts. This is the successor tournament to the earlier Uruguay International Championships (1936–1970), that was last played at the Carrasco Lawn Tennis Club.
Arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
The four arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department are:

Arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, (subprefecture: Aix-en-Provence) with 48 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 460,747 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Arles, (subprefecture: Arles) with 29 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 171,575 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Istres, (subprefecture: Istres) with 21 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 334,400 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Marseille, (prefecture of the Bouches-du-Rhône department: Marseille) with 21 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 1,090,221 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Istres
The arrondissement of Istres is an arrondissement of France in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has 21 communes. Its population is 334,400 (2021), and its area is 715.2 km2 (276.1 sq mi).
2014–15 Australian Athletics Championships
The 2014–15 Australian Athletics Championships was the 93rd edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Australia. It was held from 26–29 March 2015 at the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre in Brisbane. It served as the selection meeting for Australia at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics. Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 11 December 2014 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, the men's 5000 metres being held at the same location on 21 March 2015, and the women's 5000 m taking place at Sydney Olympic Park on 14 March 2015.

Australian Athletics Championships
The Australian Athletics Championships or Australian Open Track and Field Championships are held annually to determine Australia's champion athletes in a range of athletics events.  The championships are the primary qualification trial for athletes wishing to compete at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or World Championships. The event is conducted by Australian Athletics.

The 2023 Australian Championships were the 100th edition of the event, which dates back to 1890 for men, and 1931 for women. These championships has been held in all states of Australia, with the Queensland Sport & Athletics Centre being the venue that has held the most editions of the event (12).

Initially, men’s and women’s events were held separately, in different places, until the Olympic selections of 1972 and 1976, and as a single event since 1978.

These championships are considered open: athletes from other countries such as New Zealand and the USA have competed in and won events.
IM 67118
IM 67118, also known as Db2-146, is an Old Babylonian clay tablet in the collection of the Iraq Museum that contains the solution to a problem in plane geometry concerning a rectangle with given area and diagonal. In the last part of the text, the solution is proved correct using the Pythagorean theorem. The steps of the solution are believed to represent cut-and-paste geometry operations involving a diagram from which, it has been suggested, ancient Mesopotamians might, at an earlier time, have derived the Pythagorean theorem.

Christine Proust
Christine Proust (born 1953) is a French historian of mathematics and Assyriologist known for her research on Babylonian mathematics. She is a senior researcher at the SPHERE joint team of CNRS and Paris Diderot University, where she and Agathe Keller (who studies mathematical Sanskrit texts) are co-directors of the SAW project (Mathematical Sciences in the Ancient World) headed by Karine Chemla (an expert in ancient Chinese mathematics).
Zhu Yuanyuan
Zhu Yuanyuan (Chinese: 朱媛媛; pinyin: Zhū Yuányuán; 18 March 1974 – 17 May 2025) was a Chinese actress.

Zhu is noted for her roles as Tao Hua and Song Yu in the film and television series The Forest Ranger and The Forest Ranger respectively.

China TV Golden Eagle Awards
The China TV Golden Eagle Award (Chinese: 中国电视金鹰奖), is one of three most prestigious national awards recognizing excellence in the Chinese television industry, alongside the Feitian Awards and Magnolia Awards. It is known as the "national-level television art award uniquely determined primarily by audience voting".  The award is presented by the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the China Television Artists Association to honor outstanding television professionals and works across China.

Established in 1983, the China TV Golden Eagle Award was originally named the Popular Television Golden Eagle Award. In 1996, it was elevated to a national-level award. In 2000, it was upgraded to the China Golden Eagle TV Art Festival, with Changsha, Hunan designated as its permanent host city. Since 2005, the festival has been held biennially, with awards presented in even-numbered years.
Putting-out system
The putting-out system, also known historically as the domestic system or workshop system, was a method of subcontracting production in which a central agent, often a merchant or manufacturer, distributed raw materials to workers who completed the work in their own homes or small workshops. This system was widely used in pre-industrial Europe and early America, particularly in the textile industry, shoemaking, lock-making, and the production of small firearm parts. It flourished from the late Middle Ages through the Industrial Revolution, gradually declining in the mid-19th century with the rise of centralized factory production.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.