hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
His Majesty's Inspectorate of Education
His Majesty's Inspectorate of Education in Scotland (HMIE) is a public body of the Scottish Government, responsible for the inspection of public and private, primary and secondary schools, as well as further education colleges, community learning, Local Authority Education Departments and teacher education.

HMIE and Learning and Teaching Scotland were merged in 2011 to create Education Scotland. However, the body was re-established in 2025, following the passage of the Education (Scotland) Act 2025.

The head of the service is the HM Chief Inspector of Education, held in the interim by Graeme Logan. The Chief Inspector in appointed by the King on advice from the Scottish Government.

Public bodies of the Scottish Government
Public bodies of the Scottish Government (Scottish Gaelic: Buidhnean Poblach Riaghaltas na h-Alba) are organisations that are funded by the Scottish Government. They form a tightly meshed network of executive and advisory non-departmental public bodies ("quangoes"); tribunals; and nationalised industries. Such public bodies are distinct from executive agencies of the Scottish Government, as unlike them they are not considered to be part of the Government and staff of public bodies are not civil servants, although executive agencies are listed in the Scottish Government's directory of national public bodies alongside other public bodies.
Ngangkha Lawai
Ngangkha Lawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯂꯋꯥꯏ), also spelled Ngangkhalawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯂꯋꯥꯏ) or Ngangkharawai (ꯉꯥꯡꯈꯔꯋꯥꯏ), is a village in the Moirang Sub Division of Bishnupur district, Manipur, India.
Ngangkha Lawai is known in Moirang Kangleirol genre of Meitei mythology and folklore as the place where the goddess Arai Leima, also called Ngangkha Leima, first appeared to the hero Khuman Puremba (the rebirth of Mungyang Chaoba).

Keke Moirang
Keke Moirang, was an in independent kingdom in the southern plains of the present day Manipur, India from 52 BCE to 1432 CE. The Keke Kangla served as the capital city of the kingdom since time immemorial. The major body of accounts related to the history, literature, mythology of the kingdom are collectively called Moirang Kangleirol.
Pottery of Manda Island
The basic chronology of the early town of Manda Island in the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya is divided into 6 different periods, based mostly on the types of imported pottery that has been found in different strata of the excavations. The first period, I, begins in the mid ninth century and is subdivided into four parts, a, b, c, and d, ending in the early eleventh century. Period II has two parts, A and B, though the divide between the two is rather vague and could be entirely arbitrary, and dates from the mid eleventh to the late twelfth for the former, and late twelfth to late thirteenth century for the latter. Period III runs from the late thirteenth century to the fourteenth when Period IV picks up and ends in the early Sixteenth. Period V covers the mid Sixteenth and all of the seventeenth, and the final period covers everything after the Seventeenth century.

Manda Island
Manda is an island of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya, known for the prosperous 9th century ports of Takwa and Manda town.  The island is now linked by ferry to Lamu and is home to Manda Airport, while Manda Toto island lies to its west. The island is separated from the mainland by the narrow Mkanda channel.

Both Manda town and Takwa were probably abandoned due to a lack of water in the first half of the 19th century. In the 1960s the Kenya Department of Agriculture recommended building several concrete catchments called jabias to capture rain water on the island. Two jabias were built and many families moved onto the island, farming maize, cassava, simsim and cotton.
South Sanford, Maine
South Sanford is a former census-designated place (CDP) in the city of Sanford in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,536 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area. The CDP was abolished when the town of Sanford re-incorporated as a city.

York County, Maine
York County is both the southernmost and the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Maine, along the state of New Hampshire's eastern border. It is divided from Strafford County, New Hampshire, by the Salmon Falls River and the connected tidal estuary, the Piscataqua River. York County was permanently established in 1636. Several of Maine's earliest colonial settlements are found in the county, which is the state's oldest and one of the oldest in the United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 211,972, making it Maine's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Alfred. York County is part of the Portland–South Portland, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2005 Open de Moselle
The 2005 Open de Moselle was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the Open de Moselle, and was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arènes de Metz in Metz, France, from 3 October until 9 October 2005. Third-seeded Ivan Ljubičić won the singles title.

2005 ATP Tour
This is a list of the tournaments played in the 2005 season of Men's tennis (calendar year), including ATP events and ITF events (This does not include the ITF Men's Circuit, only the ATP circuit). Changes were made to match format during this season. The third set of doubles matches was no longer played as a traditional set. Instead it was played as a match tie break first to 10 and clear by 2, to decide the winner.
Tando Fazal
Tando Fazal is a town and union council of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad and is located at 25°15′N 68°32′E﻿ / ﻿25.250°N 68.533°E﻿ / 25.250; 68.533 and lies to the south-east of the capital Hyderabad.

Hyderabad, Pakistan
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the 7th largest in Pakistan.

Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about 150 kilometres (93 mi) inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway.
2022 Eschborn–Frankfurt
The 2022 Eschborn–Frankfurt was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 1 May 2022 in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main metro area in southwest Germany. It was the 59th edition of Eschborn–Frankfurt, and the 19th event of the 2022 UCI World Tour.

The race was won by Sam Bennett (Bora–Hansgrohe) in a bunch sprint after the break was caught with 42km to go.

Eschborn–Frankfurt
Eschborn–Frankfurt, previously Rund um den Henninger Turm Frankfurt, is an annual semi classic cycling race in Germany, starting in Eschborn and finishing in Frankfurt. The event, sometimes referred to as the Frankfurt Grand Prix, is held annually on 1 May, national Labour Day in Germany.

As from 2017, Eschborn–Frankfurt is part of the UCI World Tour, the highest-rated professional men's road races, making it the second German World Tour event, together with the Hamburg Cyclassics in August. The event is organised by ASO.
Pomatias elegans
Pomatias elegans, commonly known as the round-mouthed snail, is a species of small land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiidae within the superfamily Littorinoidea, the winkles and their allies.

This species is sometimes called a "land winkle".

Pomatiidae
The family Pomatiidae is a taxonomic family of small operculate land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that can be found over the warmer parts of the Old World. In the older literature, this family is designated as Pomatiasidae.

This family is a lineage closely related to the Littorinidae (periwinkles) common in coastal habitat. They have adapted to terrestrial life and are thus sometimes called "land winkles".

They are defined by a chalky operculum at the rear end of the body, the shape of their thick shell and their mouth and a characteristic spiral sculpture. The sexes are separate and can sometimes be recognised because the female shell is slightly larger than the male shell.
Victoria Art Gallery
The Victoria Art Gallery is a public art museum in Bath, Somerset, England. It was opened in 1900 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. It is a Grade II* listed building and houses over 1,500 objects of art including a collection of oil paintings from British artists dating from 1700 onwards. The ground floor was at one time a public library.

Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria was officially celebrated on 22 June 1897 to mark the occasion of the 60th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession on 20 June 1837. Queen Victoria was the first British monarch ever to celebrate a Diamond Jubilee.
2010 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
The 2010 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, United States between 15 and 21 November 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Menodotus of Nicomedia
Menodotus of Nicomedia (Greek: Μηνόδοτος ὁ Νικομηδεύς; 2nd century CE),  in Bithynia, was a physician; a pupil of Antiochus of Laodicea; and tutor to Herodotus of Tarsus. He belonged to the Empiric school, and lived probably about the beginning of the 2nd century CE. He refuted some of the opinions of Asclepiades of Bithynia, and was exceedingly severe against the Dogmatic school. He enjoyed a considerable reputation in his day, and is several times quoted and mentioned by Galen. He appears to have written some works which are quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, but are not now extant.

Asclepiades of Bithynia
Asclepiades (Greek: Ἀσκληπιάδης; c. 129/124 BC – 40 BC), sometimes called Asclepiades of Bithynia or Asclepiades of Prusa, was a Greek physician born at Prusias-on-Sea in Bithynia in Anatolia and who flourished at Rome, where he practised and taught Greek medicine. He attempted to build a new theory of disease, based on the flow of "atoms" through pores in the body. His treatments sought to restore harmony through the use of diet, exercise, and bathing.

Biographer Antonio Cocchi noted that there were over forty men of history with the name Asclepiades and wrote that physician Caius Calpurnius Asclepiades of Prusa, born 88 CE, was a fellow countryman of, and perhaps a direct descendant of this Asclepiades.
Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.

Bed (geology)
In geology, a bed is a layer of sediment, sedimentary rock, or volcanic rock "bounded above and below by more or less well-defined bedding surfaces". 
A bedding surface or bedding plane is respectively a curved surface or plane that visibly separates each successive bed (of the same or different lithology) from the preceding or following bed. In cross sections, bedding surfaces or planes are often called bedding contacts. Within conformable successions, each bedding surface acted as the depositional surface for the accumulation of younger sediment.
2008 Scottish Cup final
The 2008 Scottish Cup Final was a football match which took place at Hampden Park in Glasgow on 24 May 2008. The match was the final of the 123rd Scottish Cup and was contested by Queen of the South and Rangers. Rangers won the match 3–2.

Queen of the South beat Aberdeen 4–3 in their semi-final, Rangers beat St Johnstone 4–3 on penalties after the match had ended 1–1 after extra time.

First Division Queen of the South were contesting a Scottish Cup final for the first time in their history. The final was four weeks after the end of Queens' league season, meaning the First Division side had not played a competitive game in that time. This was Rangers' 50th appearance in the final, winning 31 times and losing 17, with one final (1909) resulting in the cup being withheld  It was Rangers' third cup final of the season, having won in the League Cup Final and lost in the UEFA Cup Final.

2007–08 Scottish Cup
The 2007–08 Scottish Cup was the 123rd season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The winners were Rangers, who defeated Queen of the South in the final.

The 2007–08 tournament saw a change in structure with the abolition of the Scottish Qualifying Cup and the admission of 4 members of the Scottish Junior Football Association to the first round.
Koji Nagai (baseball)
Koji Nagai (Japanese: 永井 浩二, Hepburn: Nagai Kōji; born June 2, 1971) is a Japanese professional baseball coach and former catcher, noted for coaching as a bullpen catcher for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Nagai currently serves as head coach for the OISCA Hamatsu Kokusai High School (オイスカ浜松国際高等学校)
student baseball team.

Bullpen catcher
The bullpen catcher is a member of a baseball team's staff, often a former professional player, who catches the ball for relief pitchers warming up before entering a game and starting pitchers before games. A bullpen catcher differentiates from a typical catcher as they are considered a coach and not a player, thus they cannot be behind home plate in an official game.
Radium fad
The radium fad or radium craze of the early 20th century was an early form of radioactive quackery that resulted in widespread marketing of radium-infused products as being beneficial to health.  Many radium products contained no actual radium, in part because it was prohibitively expensive, which turned out to be a grace, as high levels of radium exposure can result in radiation-induced cancer.

The fad began to fizzle out following the emergence of research that radium could be hazardous to health, and high-profile cases such as the Radium Girls and the death of Eben Byers, which proved this fact.

In the United States, the 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act outlawed deceptive packaging, further preventing companies being able to use radium as a marketing tool.

Radium Girls
The Radium Girls were female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting radium dials – watch dials and hands with self-luminous paint. The incidents occurred at three factories in the United States: one in Orange, New Jersey, beginning around 1917; one in Ottawa, Illinois, beginning in the early 1920s; and one in Waterbury, Connecticut, also in the 1920s.

After being told that the paint was harmless, the women in each facility ingested deadly amounts of radium after being instructed to "point" their brushes on their lips in order to give them a fine tip. The women were instructed to point their brushes in this way because using rags or a water rinse caused them to use more time and material, as the paint was made from powdered radium, zinc sulfide (a phosphor), gum arabic, and water.

The Radium Girls had lasting effects on the labor laws in the United States and Europe following numerous lawsuits following deaths and illness from ingestion of radium.
Acne mechanica
Acne mechanica is an acneiform eruption that has been observed after repetitive physical trauma to the skin such as rubbing, occurring from clothing (belts and straps) or sports equipment (football helmets and shoulder pads).: 499  In addition to those mechanisms, the skin not getting enough exposure to air also contributes to the formation of acne mechanica. It is often mistaken as a rash that forms on sweaty skin that is constantly being rubbed, but in reality, it is a breakout of acne mechanica. The term "acne" itself describes the occurrence in which hair follicles (also known as pores) in the skin get clogged by oil, dead skin cells, dirt and bacteria, or cosmetic products and create a pimple. Pimples can vary in type, size, and shape, but the sole basis of them occurring is the same - the oil gland in the pore becomes clogged and sometimes infected, which creates pus in order to fight the infection and subsequently causes the development of swollen, red lesions on the skin.

Acneiform eruption
Acneiform eruptions, or acne mimicking eruptions, are a group of skin conditions characterized by small bumps resembling acne. Typically, these bumps are mostly of similar size. Some bumps may be bigger or contain fluid. Generally, blackheads and whiteheads are absent. It tends to appear suddenly, with the chest and back most frequently affected.

Causes include cosmetics, the application of greasy products, and some medicines. Repeated rubbing of skin and pressure are other triggers. The facial bumps of tuberous sclerosis can resemble acne. Any age can be affected.
SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden
SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden (Japanese: SDガンダムワールド 三国創傑伝, Hepburn: SD Gandamu Wārudo Sangoku Sōketsuden) is a Japanese media project by Sunrise and Bandai Spirits and a reboot of the BB Senshi Sangokuden franchise, based on the long-running Gundam media franchise. Created to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Gundam, it is also loosely based on the 14th century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong. However, Sangoku Soketsuden is different from BB Senshi Sangokuden in its theming and story. It is later succeeded by SD Gundam World Heroes.

An original net anime adaptation by Sunrise premiered online from July 26, 2019 to March 25, 2021. Two print side stories by Takuya Yamanaka were announced to be released in their respective magazines.

BB Senshi Sangokuden
BB Senshi Sangokuden (BB戦士 三国伝, BB Warrior Romance Of The Three Kingdoms) is a series in the SD Gundam franchise from 2007 and the 18th work in the Musha Gundam series. The story and characters are modeled after those featured in the classic 14th-century Chinese novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, though story elements and the names of the Three Kingdoms themselves are fictionalized.

There are three chapters under this title, entitled Fuuun Gouketsu Hen, Eiyuu Gekitotsu Hen and Senjin Kettou Hen. It also has a side story, Sangokuden Gaiden Buyuu Gekitou Roku.

The series was announced to be released in a number of territories, including Japan, Korea, America and Australia. However, as of 2009 only releases in Asian regions have followed.
Irton
Irton is a village and civil parish, 3 miles (5 km) south-west of Scarborough in the county of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2011 UK census, Irton parish had a population of 312, a decrease on the 2001 UK census figure of 332. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated that the parish had a population of 310.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Convergent encryption
Convergent encryption, also known as content hash keying, is a cryptosystem that produces identical ciphertext from identical plaintext files.  This has applications in cloud computing to remove duplicate files from storage without the provider having access to the encryption keys.  The combination of deduplication and convergent encryption was described in a backup system patent filed by Stac Electronics in 1995.  This combination has been used by Farsite, Permabit, Freenet, MojoNation, GNUnet, flud, and the Tahoe Least-Authority File Store.

The system gained additional visibility in 2011 when cloud storage provider Bitcasa announced they were using convergent encryption to enable de-duplication of data in their cloud storage service.

Cryptosystem
In cryptography, a cryptosystem is a suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service, such as confidentiality (encryption).

Typically, a cryptosystem consists of three algorithms: one for key generation, one for encryption, and one for decryption. The term cipher (sometimes cypher) is often used to refer to a pair of algorithms, one for encryption and one for decryption. Therefore, the term cryptosystem is most often used when the key generation algorithm is important. For this reason, the term cryptosystem is commonly used to refer to public key techniques; however both "cipher" and "cryptosystem" are used for symmetric key techniques.
Carlos Rivera Aceves
Carlos Rivera Aceves (born 29 June 1941) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He has been elected twice to the Chamber of Deputies and served as governor of Jalisco from 1992 to 1995.

Governor of Jalisco
The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821. The current Constitution indicates a term of six years in length, which cannot be renewed under any circumstances. It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming governor: a Mexican citizen by birth, at least 30 years of age, and a resident of Jalisco for at least five years prior to election. Elections are held concurrently with presidential elections.
Christine Adams (athlete)
Christine Adams (born 28 February 1974, Georgsmarienhütte) is a German pole vaulter. She won a silver medal at the 1996 European Indoor Championships and a bronze medal at the 2000 European Indoor Championships.

Her personal best is 4.42 metres, achieved in June 2001 in Weissach. This ranks her ninth among German pole vaulters, behind Annika Becker, Yvonne Buschbaum, Carolin Hingst, Anastasija Reiberger, Silke Spiegelburg, Julia Hütter, Nicole Humbert and Martina Strutz. However, with 4.66 metres Adams has a better personal best indoor.

In September 2000, Adams scored 6531 points at a women's decathlon in Lage, placing her in the top 60 performers of all time in the event as of 2025.

Carolin Hingst
Carolin Tamara Hingst (born 18 September 1980 in Donauwörth) is a German pole vaulter.

She finished 10th at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton, fourth at the 2005 European Indoor Athletics Championships in Madrid and 10th at the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki.

Her personal best is 4.72 metres, achieved in July 2010 in Biberach an der Riß. This ranks her fourth among German pole vaulters.