hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhagio scolopaceus
Rhagio scolopaceus is thought to be the most common species of fly from the family Rhagionidae, with key identification markers being the presence of dark spots or bands on the wings and the elongation of the third (final) antennal segment. Notable sexually dimorphic features exhibited are seen with the females having a broader frons, as well as clearly separate (dichoptic) compound eyes in contrast to the nearly conjoined (holoptic) eyes of the males. It is also known as the downlooker snipefly. It is the type species of the genus Rhagio.

Rhagio
Rhagio is a worldwide genus of predatory snipe flies. Several species in this genus are referred to as downlooker or down-looker flies because they sometimes perch on tree trunks in a head-down position. There are approximately 170 species. They can be distinguished from other rhagionids by the open anal cell on the wings and the lack of a kidney-shaped arista.

Furia ithacensis is a species of the pathogenic fungus in America that causes a fatal disease in flies, specifically snipe flies.
Amar Singh of Thanjavur
Amar Singh or Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (Marathi: रामस्वामी अमरसिंह भोसले) was the younger son of the Maratha Raja of Thanjavur Pratap Singh and served as the regent soon after the death of his brother Thuljaji II and ruled Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom in the name of Thuljaji's minor son Serfoji II from 1787 to 1793.

Pratap Singh of Thanjavur
Pratap Singh Bhonsle or Pratapsinha (Marathi: तंजावरचे प्रतापसिंह) was the Maratha ruler of Thanjavur of the Bhonsle dynasty from 1739 to 1763. His rise to power followed three years of anarchy and civil war and restored the state to its previous greatness. His reign witnessed the Carnatic Wars and the Seven Years' War.
Kylver Stone
The Kylver stone, listed in the Rundata catalog as runic inscription G 88, is a Swedish runestone which dates from about 400 AD. It is notable for its listing of each of the runes in the Elder Futhark.

Ansuz (rune)
Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, ᚨ.
The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism.

The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a (), like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph.
5th Space Operations Squadron
The 5th Space Operations Squadron (5 SOPS) is a United States Space Force unit responsible for operating the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle. It is located at Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling, District of Columbia.

Onizuka Air Force Station
Onizuka Air Force Station or Onizuka AFS was a U.S. Air Force installation in Sunnyvale, California, at the intersection of State Route 237 and North Mathilda Avenue. It operated from 1960 to 2010.

One of its distinguishing feature was Building 1003, known locally as the Blue Cube and the "Cube" given its shape, color, and lack of windows. The station's other distinguishing features were its three primary parabolic antennas, used for communication with remote tracking stations used to control military satellites; these antennas were named Sun East, Sun West, and Sun 3.
Nogawan
Nogawan is a small town in the Fatehgarh Sahib district, Punjab, India, which is located on Bassi-Morinda road, about 6 km from Bassi Pathana. It is a fast-growing town and proudly houses a Senior Secondary School, Petrol Pump, Gurudwara, Flour Mill, Post Office, Railway station, Telephone Exchange, Bus Stand, veterinary hospital and a Dispensary.

Bassi Pathana
Bassi Pathana is a historical city and a municipal council in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the state of Punjab, India. It is well known for being Asia's first market for sewing machines. Bassi Pathana is the founder of the First Sewing Machine and its key parts in Asia in the 1920s. India's first sewing machine was manufactured by Pt. Ramjidass of Bassi Pathanan in 1925.
June 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
June 22 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 24

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on July 6 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For June 23rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 10.

June 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
June 9 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 11

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on June 23 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For June 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 28.
Uniting (newspaper)
Uniting was a weekly English language broadsheet newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was first published in 1892 as The Methodist, and subsequently for about a year as The Methodist and Congregationalist, before continuing as Forward.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
James Pilkington (politician)
James Pilkington JP DL (29 August 1804 – 17 February 1890) was a British merchant, cotton manufacturer, and Liberal Party politician.

He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn from 1847–1865 and was also Deputy Lieutenant of Lancashire.

His assault during a robbery in July 1862 was widely covered in the London press and led to a second London garrotting panic that would last until the start of 1863.

Blackburn (UK Parliament constituency)
Blackburn is a constituency in Lancashire, England, which is represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by independent politician Adnan Hussain. From 2015 to 2024 it was represented by
Kate Hollern of the Labour Party and, from 1979 to 2015, by Jack Straw who served under the Labour leaders of Neil Kinnock and John Smith and the Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.
Apple Creator Studio
Apple Creator Studio is a subscription service provided by Apple that bundles several premium and freemium productivity services and software. It was launched on January 28, 2026. The subscription gives access to all of its current pro apps applications, and allows users to access additional content and capabilities on applications in the iWork suite and Freeform app.

The subscription competes with offerings including Adobe Creative Cloud, Microsoft 365, and Google Workspace.

Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century. It is particularly common now for digital products, which lend themselves more naturally toward a subscription model.

Subscriptions can be a more convenient, hassle-free transaction for consumers. However, due to inertia among some consumers, they may inadvertently pay for subscriptions that they no longer value because they do not realize that they are subscribed.
1982 Ontario municipal elections
All municipalities in Ontario held elections on November 8, 1982, to elect mayors or reeves, city councillors, and school trustees. Some areas also held referendums.

Art Eggleton was re-elected as mayor of Toronto, and Mel Lastman was re-elected as mayor of the Toronto-area city North York. Outside of Toronto, Dave Neumann was returned as mayor of Brantford.

1982 Toronto municipal election
The 1982 Toronto municipal election was held on November 8, 1982, in Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mayors, controllers, city councillors and school board trustees were elected in the municipalities of Toronto, York, East York, North York, Etobicoke and Scarborough.

Art Eggleton was re-elected as Mayor of Toronto, and Mel Lastman was re-elected as Mayor of North York.
Central Montenegro
Central Montenegro is one of three statistical regions in Montenegro. It comprises the central regions of the country, including the capital city of Podgorica and the historic capital city of Cetinje. Spread over an area of 4,917 km2 (1,898 sq mi), the region incorporates six municipalities. It is sandwiched between the other two regions of Montenegro (Northern and Coastal) and shares international land borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, and Albania in the southeast. The region had a population of just over 0.3 million in 2024, making it the most populous statistical region in the country.

Zeta Municipality
Zeta Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Zeta / Општина Зета) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. The seat of the municipality is the town of Golubovci. Created in 2022, it is the newest municipality in Montenegro.
Centrão
In Brazilian politics, the Centrão (lit. 'big centre' – Portuguese pronunciation: [se᷉'tɾɐ᷉w᷉]) refers to a group of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and aim at ensuring proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through clientelistic networks. Despite its name, the Centrão is not a centrist political group, generally composed of parliamentarians from the "lower clergy" and big tent parties, who act according to their own interests, linked to cronyism and logrolling, instead of a clear ideological program. Over the years, the Centrão has become the political kingmaker in Brazil.

Solidarity (Brazil)
Solidarity (Portuguese: Solidariedade, pronounced [solidaɾieˈdadʒi]) is a Brazilian social-democratic political party that uses the TSE number 77. The party elected 13 deputies and one senator in the 2018 Brazilian general election.

Solidarity was founded by Paulinho da Força, union leader and former president of the Força Sindical trade union centre. The new party reflected its origin on the Força Sindical: to be a labourist party, but with a less ideological and more pragmatic approach.

In the 2022 Brazilian general election, Solidarity supported the pre-candidacy of Lula da Silva in the 2022 Brazilian general election under the alliance Let's go together for Brazil. It remains allied with the Workers Party & other coalition members. Following the elections, the party announced plans to merge with the Republican Party of the Social Order, with PROS joining an enlarged party under the same name. The Superior Electoral Court approved the merger on February 14, 2023.
Bylderup-Bov
Bylderup-Bov (German: Bülderup-Bau) is a town in Aabenraa Municipality, within the Region of Southern Denmark. It had a population of 1,301 as of 1 January 2025. It is located 15 km (9 mi) east of Tønder, 12 km (7 mi) west of Tinglev, 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Løgumkloster and 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Aabenraa.

The town originated as two separate railway towns, named Bylderup and Bov, which were later merged. There are three districts aside from the town center: Bov, to the southwest, Bylderup to the southeast, and Lendemark to the northwest (direction relative to the town center).

Løgumkloster
Løgumkloster (German: Lügumkloster; both mean 'Løgum monastery'), is a town in Tønder Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark on the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark with a population of 3,519 (1 January 2025). Its name testifies that the town was once the site of the Cistercian Løgum Abbey, in the then Roman Catholic diocese of Ribe.

Løgumkloster was the municipal seat of the now abolished Løgumkloster Municipality.
Ethionamide
Ethionamide (aka ETA or ETH) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, to treat active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is no longer recommended for leprosy. It is taken by mouth.

Ethionamide has a high rate of side effects. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Serious side effects may include liver inflammation and depression. It should not be used in people with significant liver problems. Use in pregnancy is not recommended as safety is unclear. Ethionamide is in the thioamides family of medications. It is believed to work by interfering with the use of mycolic acid.

Ethionamide was discovered in 1956 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1965. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Thioamide
A thioamide (rarely, thionamide, but also known as thiourylenes) is a functional group with the general structure R1−C(=S)−NR2R3, where R1, R2 and R3 are any groups (typically organyl groups or hydrogen). Analogous to amides, thioamides exhibit greater multiple bond character along the C-N bond, resulting in a larger rotational barrier.
Elisabeth Morrow School
The Elisabeth Morrow School is a private, co-educational, day school in the United States in Englewood, New Jersey, educating children from nursery through eighth grade.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 321 students (plus 69 in PreK).

The Elisabeth Morrow School is a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools. Other memberships include the National Association of Independent Schools, the Independent School Admissions Association of Greater New York, the Council for Advancement and Support of Education, The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Parents League of New York, Early Steps, the Educational Records Bureau, and the Association of Independent School Admission Professionals.

New Jersey Association of Independent Schools
The New Jersey Association of Independent Schools (NJAIS) serves independent elementary and secondary schools throughout the state of New Jersey. The Association consists of 70 member schools with a total enrollment of approximately 26,000 students. The New Jersey Association of Independent Schools is the representative organization of independent schools throughout the state of New Jersey.

The NJAIS is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.
Pocket Magazine
The Pocket Magazine (1895–1901) was an American literary magazine published by the Frederick A. Stokes Company in New York. It was edited by Irving Bacheller from its inception until June 1898, and by Abbot Frederic (a pseudonym for the publisher, Frederick A(bbot) Stokes) from August 1898 to the end of the run. At the end of 1901, the magazine was merged into Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. The magazine printed work by Stephen Crane, Arthur Conan Doyle, Beatrice Harraden, Max Pemberton, Edmund C. Stedman and others.

Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (1876–1904) was an American popular literary magazine established by Frank Leslie as "the cheapest magazine published in the world." The publisher was Frank Leslie Pub. House which was based in New York City.

Contributors included Henry James and Eben E. Rexford. In 1905 it was continued by The American Magazine.
Ashinas
Abu Ja'far Ashinas (Arabic: أبو جعفر أشناس; died 17 or 19 December 844) was a general of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim. One of the earliest and most prominent members of al-Mu'tasim's Turkic guard, he rose to become one of the leading figures of the empire under al-Mu'tasim, serving as a commander in the Amorium campaign, and playing a leading role in the purge of the old Abbasid elites that followed. He was also governor of Egypt from 834, as well as of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia from 838 on, although in practice he appointed deputies to govern in his stead. Under al-Mu'tasim's successor al-Wathiq, his powers were extended further into a virtual viceroyalty over all western provinces of the caliphate.

Hugh N. Kennedy
Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic. He specialises in the history of the early Islamic Middle East, Muslim Iberia and the Crusades. From 1997 to 2007, he was Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St Andrews. Since 2007, he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London.
LH (complexity)
In computational complexity, the logarithmic time hierarchy (LH) is the complexity class of all computational problems solvable in a logarithmic amount of computation time on an alternating Turing machine with a bounded number of alternations. It is a particular case of a bounded alternating Turing machine hierarchy. It is equal to FO and to FO-uniform AC0.

The th level of the logarithmic time hierarchy is the set of languages recognised by alternating Turing machines in logarithmic time with random access and  alternations, beginning with an existential state. LH is the union of all levels.

Random-access Turing machine
In computational complexity, a field of theoretical computer science, random-access Turing machines extend the functionality of conventional Turing machines by introducing the capability for random access to memory positions. The inherent ability of RATMs to access any memory cell in a constant amount of time significantly decreases the computation time required for problems where data size and access speed are critical factors. As conventional Turing machines can only access data sequentially, the capabilities of RATMs are more closely related to the memory access patterns of modern computing systems and provide a more realistic framework for analyzing algorithms that handle the complexities of large-scale data.
1983 English cricket season
The 1983 English cricket season was the 84th in which the County Championship had been an official competition. The third Prudential World Cup was won by India. New Zealand won a Test match in England for the first time. Essex won the Schweppes County Championship and Yorkshire won the Sunday League. The MCCA Knockout Trophy was inaugurated.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
2005 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2005 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the 5th edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup. It was held from 14 to 25 September 2005 in Santiago, Chile.

South Korea won the tournament for the second time after defeating Germany 1–0 in the final. The Netherlands won the third-place match by defeating Australia 2–1 in the third and fourth place playoff.

Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup
The Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, formerly known as the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, is the field hockey Junior World Cup competition for women. The format for qualification and the final tournament is similar to the men's.

It is organized by the International Hockey Federation and has been played since 1989. The tournament features players who are under 21 years of age and is held once every two years.

Four teams have dominated in past events. Netherlands is the most successful team, having won the tournament six times, followed by Korea and Argentina. Germany have won the tournament once.

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the FIH banned Russia from the 2022 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, and banned Russian and Belarusian officials from FIH events.
Denys Vasyliuk
Denys Oleksandrovych Vasyliuk  (Ukrainian: Денис Олександрович Василюк; 17 January 1993 – 17 May 2024), nicknamed the Flash, was a Ukrainian fighter pilot. He was a lieutenant colonel in the Ukrainian Air Force. He was posthumously awarded the Order of Gold Star.

Order for Courage
The Order for Courage (Ukrainian: Орден «За мужність», romanized: Orden “Za muzhnist”) is a Ukrainian award established by Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma on August 21, 1996. The medal is designed by Ukrainian artist Mykola Lebid.
1900s in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1900–1909 in the Western world continued the severe, long and elegant lines of the late 1890s.  Tall, stiff collars characterized the period, as did women's broad hats and full "Gibson Girl" hairstyles.  A new, columnar silhouette introduced by the couturiers of Paris late in the decade signaled the approaching abandonment of the corset as an indispensable garment.

Charvet
48°52′5.42″N 2°19′48.98″E﻿ / ﻿48.8681722°N 2.3302722°E﻿ / 48.8681722; 2.3302722﻿ (Charvet)
Charvet Place Vendôme (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁvɛ plas vɑ̃dɔm]), commonly known as Charvet, is a French high-end shirt maker and tailor located at 28 Place Vendôme in Paris, France. The company designs, produces and sells bespoke and ready-to-wear shirts, neckties, blouses, pyjamas and suits in its Parisian store, as well as internationally through luxury retailers.

The world's first ever shirt shop, Charvet was founded in 1838. Since the 19th century, it has supplied bespoke shirts and haberdashery to kings, princes, and heads of state. It has acquired an international reputation for the high quality of its products, the level of its service and the wide range of its designs and colors. Thanks to the renown of its ties, charvet has become a generic name for a certain type of silk fabric used for ties.
Molybdenum ditelluride
Molybdenum(IV) telluride, molybdenum ditelluride or just molybdenum telluride is an inorganic compound with formula MoTe2. It is a semiconductor, and can fluoresce. It is one of the transition metal dichalcogenides. As a semiconductor the band gap lies in the infrared region.  It is a potential use as a semiconductor in electronics or an infrared detector.  MoTe2 is black.  Although sometimes described as Mo4+, 2Te2-, it is not ionic but highly covalent.

Cadmium telluride
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a stable crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium. It is mainly used as the semiconducting material in cadmium telluride photovoltaics and an infrared optical window. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p–n junction solar PV cell.
Monad (homological algebra)
In homological algebra, a monad is a 3-term complex

A → B → C

of objects in some abelian category whose middle term B is projective, whose first map A → B is injective, and whose second map B → C is surjective. Equivalently, a monad is a projective object together with a 3-step filtration B ⊃ ker(B → C) ⊃ im(A → B). In practice A, B, and C are often vector bundles over some space, and there are several minor extra conditions that some authors add to the definition. Monads were introduced by Horrocks.

Projective object
In category theory, the notion of a projective object generalizes the notion of a projective module. Projective objects in abelian categories are used in homological algebra. The dual notion of a projective object is that of an injective object.