hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shubra (administrative region)
Shubra (or Shobra, Shoubra) is an administrative region and forms a relatively small area that represents about one quarter of the district with the same name in Cairo, Egypt.

It neighbours the areas of Elsahel to the north, Sharabeya to the east, Road El Farag to the west, and Shobra tunnel and Cairo central railway station to the south, the latter of which separate Shobra from the Downtown Cairo area.

Downtown Cairo
Downtown Cairo (Egyptian Arabic: وسط البلد Wust al-Balad, "middle of town") is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century. Given its rich architectural heritage from the era of Khedive Ismail, it has been officially named Khedival Cairo and declared by the government as a protected Area of Value, with many of its buildings also deemed protected.

Administratively Wust al-Balad covers areas of qism Qasr al-Nil, and the Abdeen and Azbakeya districts. The protected Khedival Cairo covers a larger area extending south to Sayeda Zeinab.
Battle of Las Tres Acequias
The Battle of Les Tres Acequias, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, occurred near San Bernardo on 26 August 1814. The confrontation occurred between the two factions of Carrera and Bernardo O'Higgins, resulting in a defeat for O'Higgins that would in turn lead on to the defeat of the nationalists by the royalist forces at the battle of Rancagua a month later.

Ramón Freire
Ramón Saturnino Andrés Freire y Serrano (Latin American Spanish: [raˈmoɱ ˈfɾejɾe]; November 29, 1787 – December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ramón Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal Pipiolo movement.

The settlement of Santa Rosa was renamed to Freirina in his honor in 1824.
Gerdau (river)
The Gerdau is a 30 km (19 mi) long, left (western) source river for the Ilmenau in the north German state of Lower Saxony.

The river rises in the eastern part of the Lüneburg Heath on the northeastern edge of the Südheide Nature Park. From its source, which is located in the Brambostel Moor Nature Reserve, north of the 94 m high Faßberg, the Gerdau flows by the villages of Eimke and Gerdau towards Uelzen. South of Uelzen it merges with the Stederau to form the Ilmenau.

Südheide Nature Park
The Südheide Nature Park ("Southern Heath Nature Park", German: Naturpark Südheide) is a large protected area of forest and heathland in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany. It has been designated as a protected nature park since 1964.
Social media as a public utility
Social media as a public utility is a theory postulating that social networking sites (such as Meta - ie:Facebook & Instagram or Alphabet - ie: YouTube & Google, but also independent sites such as Twitter, Tumblr, Snapchat etc.) are essential public services that should be regulated by the government, in a manner similar to how electric and phone utilities are typically government regulated. It is based on the notion that social media platforms have monopoly power and broad social influence.

Tumblr
Tumblr (/ˈtʌmblər/ TUM-blər) is a microblogging and social media platform founded by David Karp in 2007 and is owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. It was also noted for being socially progressive in the 2010s.
W.L. (album)
W.L. is the debut studio album by Scottish indie rock band the Snuts, released on 2 April 2021 through Parlophone. It entered at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, making it the first debut album by a Scottish band to do so since the View's Hats Off to the Buskers in 2007.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
University Heights Symphonic Band
The University Heights Symphonic Band is a 50-member all-volunteer wind ensemble sponsored by the City of University Heights, Ohio, which performs across the Cleveland metropolitan area. The community band performs a varied repertoire, including contemporary classical music, core wind band literature, film scores, Broadway musical selections, and popular music. It is a member of the Association of Concert Bands, and membership is by open audition.

The band was founded by Dr. Harvey Sisler in 1970. The band was named a 2021 Finalist for The American Prize in Band/Wind Ensemble Performance – Community Division.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Natural disturbance regime of the Sagebrush Sea of the Great Basin
The Sagebrush Sea, also called the sagebrush steppe, is an ecosystem of the Great Basin that is primarily centered on the 27 species of sagebrush that grow from sea level to about 12,000 feet. This ecosystem is home to hundreds of species of both fauna and flora. It includes small mammals such as pygmy rabbits, reptiles such as the sagebrush lizard, birds such as the golden eagles, and countless other species that are solely found in this ecosystem.  This ecosystem at one point occupied over 62 million hectares in the western United States and southwestern Canada. It currently only occupies about 56 percent of historic range and is continuing to decline due to several factors.

Great Basin
The Great Basin (Spanish: Gran Cuenca) is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles (160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts.
James Boulter Stokes
James Boulter Stokes (January 31, 1804 – August 1, 1881) was an American businessman. He was the third son-in-law of Anson Greene Phelps to become a partner in the mercantile business of Phelps, Dodge & Co.

Phelps Dodge
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.

On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Great Southern Hotel & Theatre
The Great Southern Hotel & Theatre is a historic hotel and theater building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio that operates as the Westin Great Southern Columbus and the Southern Theatre.

It opened on September 21, 1896 and is the oldest surviving theater in Central Ohio and one of the oldest in the state of Ohio. The Southern Theatre is currently owned and operated as a home for live concerts, plays and opera by CAPA (the Columbus Association for the Performing Arts). CAPA also manages several other venues in Columbus including the Ohio, the Palace, and the Lincoln Theatres.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1982. It was also included in the South High Commercial Historic District, added to those registers in 1983 and 1987, respectively.

Columbus Register of Historic Properties
The Columbus Register of Historic Properties is a register for historic buildings and other sites in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The register is maintained by the City of Columbus Historic Resources Commission and Historic Preservation Office, and was established in 1980. Many of these landmarks are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, providing federal tax support for preservation, and some are further designated National Historic Landmarks, providing additional federal oversight.

The Columbus Register includes 82 entries, including 54 on the National Register. Two of the city's three National Historic Landmarks are on the register: the Ohio Statehouse and Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker House, but not the Ohio Theatre. The city also maintains four historic districts not listed on its register: German Village, Italian Village, Victorian Village, and the Brewery District.
New Grass
New Grass is a 1968 album by jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler released on Impulse! Records.

The album mixed Ayler's familiar tenor saxophone playing with elements from R&B and other genres, including a soul horn section, backing singers, and rock electric bass. There are even some tracks where Ayler sings.

The album was remastered and re-released by Third Man Records in 2020.

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Post-and-plank
The method of building wooden buildings with a traditional timber frame with horizontal plank or log infill has many names, the most common of which are piece sur piece (French. Also used to describe log building), corner post construction, post-and-plank, ständerbohlenbau (German) and skiftesverk (Swedish). This traditional building method is believed to be the predecessor to half-timber construction widely known by its German name fachwerkbau which has wall infill of wattle and daub, brick, or stone. This carpentry was used from parts of Scandinavia to Switzerland to western Russia. Though relatively rare now, two types are found in a number of regions in North America, more common are the walls with planks or timbers which slide in a groove in the posts and less common is a type where horizontal logs are tenoned into individual mortises in the posts. This method is not the same as the plank-frame buildings in North America with vertical plank walls.

Wattle and daub
Wattle and daub is a composite building method in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, and straw.  Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Many historic buildings include wattle and daub construction.
Pelham, South Carolina
Pelham (also known as Sugar Tit) is an unincorporated community in Spartanburg County in the upstate of the U.S. state of South Carolina.  The Sugar Tit area has about five mile radius around Joe's Lake.  It is located around the junction of State 101 and State 296 southeast of Greer, between Reidville and Five Forks.  It is mostly farmland and plantations.  After BMW came more subdivisions and industrial parks appeared in the area.

The Sugar Tit name is from a time when the men spent so long socializing at the local general store, their wives complained they took to the store like a baby to a sugar tit.

Greer, South Carolina
Greer is a city in Greenville and Spartanburg counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,308, making it the 14th-most populous city in South Carolina. Greer is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area in Upstate South Carolina.
2000 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – Pool A
Group A of the 2000 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II of the 2000 Fed Cup. Five teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the play-off.

2000 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2000 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from Asia and Oceania. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The four teams were then paired up the team from a different placing of the other group for a play-off tie, with the winners being promoted to Group I in 2001.
Randwick, Gloucestershire
Randwick is a village in the civil parish of Randwick and Westrip, in the Stroud district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It borders the market town of Stroud. It is known locally for its folk traditions such as the Randwick Wap, a celebration of May Day, and its annual pantomime.

Stroud District
51°44′53″N 2°12′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.748°N 2.216°W﻿ / 51.748; -2.216

Stroud District is a local government district in Gloucestershire, England. The district is named after its largest town of Stroud. The council is based at Ebley Mill in the district of Cainscross, west of central Stroud. The district also includes the towns of Berkeley, Dursley, Nailsworth, Stonehouse and Wotton-under-Edge, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Over half of the district lies within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Forest of Dean, Tewkesbury, Gloucester, Cotswold and South Gloucestershire.
Rot an der Rot
Rot an der Rot (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːt ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʁoːt], lit. 'Rot on the Rot') is a town in the district of Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The town developed out of Rot an der Rot Abbey.

Biberach (district)
Biberach (German pronunciation: [ˈbiːbəʁax] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Ravensburg, Sigmaringen, Reutlingen and Alb-Donau, and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm, Unterallgäu and the district-free city Memmingen. The major towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach an der Riß, Riedlingen, Ochsenhausen and Laupheim.
Coryton, Devon
Coryton is a hamlet and civil parish in the West Devon district of Devon, England, to the north west of Tavistock.

Coryton is in the valley of the River Lyd. It has a church and a former mill. There was formerly a railway station on the Launceston and South Devon Railway (later part of the GWR), closed in 1962.

Coryton House is a former rectory built in 1836. It is a Grade II listed building.

River Lyd, Devon
The Lyd is a river rising at Lyd Head (Corn Ridge in NW Dartmoor) in the Dartmoor national park in Devon in South West England and flowing into the River Tamar beyond Lifton. It runs through Lydford Gorge, the deepest gorge in South West England.
2024 New Mexico Bowl
The 2024 New Mexico Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 28, 2024, at University Stadium located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The 19th annual New Mexico Bowl featured Louisiana and TCU. The game began at approximately 12:15 p.m. MST and aired on ESPN. The New Mexico Bowl was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by Isleta Pueblo and was officially known as the Isleta New Mexico Bowl.

New Mexico Bowl
The New Mexico Bowl is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 2006 at University Stadium, on the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Owned and operated by ESPN Events, it has typically been scheduled as one of the first games of the bowl season. The bowl has tie-ins with Conference USA and the Mountain West Conference.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 New Mexico Bowl was moved to Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas.
Kusong
Kusŏng (Korean: 구성; Korean pronunciation: [ku.sʌŋ]) is a city in central North Pyongan province, North Korea.

It borders Taegwan to the north, Taechon to the east, Kwaksan and Chongju to the south, and Chonma to the west. The highest point is Chongryongsan (청룡산, 920 m).

Educational institutions located in Kusong include Kusong Mechanical College and Kusong Industrial College. Historical relics include the Koryo dynasty-era Kuju Castle.

Panghyon-dong, an exclave of Pyongyang, was formerly part of Kusong.

Chongju
Chŏngju (Korean pronunciation: [tsʌŋ.dzu]; also Jŏngju) is a si, or city, in southern North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. Prior to 1994, it was designated as a kun or county. The terrain is mostly level, but mountainous in the north. To the south lies the Chongju Plain, where the hills do not rise above 200 metres (660 ft). Chŏngju also includes approximately 10 islands in the Yellow Sea.
1967 Edinburgh Corporation election
An Election to the Edinburgh Corporation was held on 2 May 1967, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. Of the councils 69 seats, 24 were up for election; two in Liberton and St. Andrew's wards, and one in every other ward.

After the election, Edinburgh Corporation was composed of 37 Progressives, 29 Labour councillors, 2 Conservatives, and 1 Liberal. The Progressives increased their majority to five seats.

Progressive Party (Scotland)
The Progressive Party was a municipal political organisation that operated in several Scottish cities and towns in the 20th century. It was based on tacit anti-Labour co-operation between the Unionist Party, Scottish Liberals and independents.
Corang
Corang is a locality in the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the north side of the Corang River and to the east of the road from Braidwood to Nowra about 46 km north of Braidwood and 75 km southwest of Nowra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 13. It consists mainly of forest and most of it lies in the Morton National Park. Its eastern boundary runs along the Budawang Range and includes Mount Tarn, Sturgiss Mountain and Quiltys Mountain.

Corang had a "half-time" school from 1868 to 1871.

Morton National Park
The Morton National Park is a 199,745-hectare (493,580-acre) national park located in the Southern Highlands, South Coast and Illawarra regions of New South Wales, Australia, situated approximately 170 kilometres (110 mi) south southwest of Sydney.
Circinaria digitata
Circinaria digitata is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Megasporaceae. This small, soil-dwelling species is a vagrant lichen, and grows as loose, finger-like tufts that roll freely across the ground. It is restricted to high-elevation valleys of the Tian Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan, where it forms part of the so-called "manna" lichens – vagrant species whose thalli are not anchored to a substrate. The species was originally described in 2010 as Aspicilia digitata and transferred to the genus Circinaria after molecular work clarified relationships within the Megasporaceae.

Megasporaceae
Megasporaceae are a family of fungi belonging to the order Pertusariales. The family comprises about 300 species of lichen-forming fungi distributed worldwide, predominantly growing on rocks but also on soil, moss, and occasionally tree bark. Members form crust-like growths (though some have more elaborate forms) that contain green algae within their tissues, and they reproduce through disc-shaped fruiting bodies (apothecia) typically sunken into the thallus surface. The family includes eleven recognised genera, with Aspicilia being by far the largest at around 200 species. Originally established in 1994 for the single genus Megaspora, the family was later expanded through DNA studies to include several genera previously classified elsewhere, particularly those formerly grouped with Aspicilia in a broad sense.
Treaty of London (1518)
The Treaty of London (Dutch: Verdrag van Londen, French: Traités de Londres, Italian: Trattato di Londra, Spanish: Tratado de Londres) in  1518 was a non-aggression pact between the major European states. The signatories were  France, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, the Papal States and Spain, all of whom agreed not to attack one another and to come to the aid of any that were under attack.

The treaty was designed by Cardinal Wolsey and so came to be signed by the ambassadors of the nations concerned in London. Pope Leo X originally called for a five-year peace while the monarchs of Europe helped him fight back the rising power of the Ottoman Empire, which was encroaching into the Balkans. Wolsey was very keen on instead making lasting peace and persuaded Henry VIII to avoid war and to take a more diplomatic route in foreign affairs.

Non-aggression pact
A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. Such treaties may be described by other names, such as a treaty of friendship or non-belligerency, etc. Leeds, Ritter, Mitchell, & Long (2002) distinguish between a non-aggression pact and a neutrality pact. They posit that a non-aggression pact includes the promise not to attack the other pact signatories, whereas a neutrality pact includes a promise to avoid support of any entity that acts against the interests of any of the pact signatories. The most readily recognized example of the  aforementioned entity is another country, nation-state, or sovereign organization that represents a negative consequence towards the advantages held by one or more of the signatory parties.