hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papahaua Range
The Papahaua Range is a mountain range on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island east of the town of Westport.  It is a geological continuation of the Paparoa Range that is south of the Buller River and it runs north from the Buller Gorge to the Mōkihinui River.  At its north end, it meets the Glasgow Range.

Significant coal deposits are located in the range, and the Denniston Incline at the end of the Conns Creek Branch railway was built up to a plateau in the Papahaua Range to provide railway access for some mines.  Due to its extremely steep climb and spectacular operations, the Denniston Incline was known during its life as the "eighth wonder of the world" by locals.

The Papahaua Ranges are largely forested and human habitation is low.  The decline of coal has led to some settlements such as Denniston and Millerton becoming virtually ghost towns.

Mōkihinui River
The Mōkihinui River is a river located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, about 40 kilometres north of Westport. Meridian Energy had proposed the Mokihinui Hydro project on the river in 2007 but it was cancelled in May 2012. In 2019, it was announced that 64,400 ha (159,000 acres) of land in the Mōkihinui River catchment, including 15 km (9.3 mi) of river bed, would be added to Kahurangi National Park.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "large flax-stalk raft" for Mōkihinui. Since 2019 the official name of the river has been spelled with a macron.
First Kidston ministry
The First Kidston Ministry was the 23rd ministry of the Government of Queensland and was led by Premier William Kidston, who led a Labour–Liberal coalition. It succeeded the Morgan ministry on 19 January 1906 upon the appointment of Arthur Morgan as president of the Queensland Legislative Council. The Labour Party split in 1907, with Kidston and several other moderate Labour members combining with the remaining Liberals in a new party, the "Kidstonites".

Despite maintaining the confidence of the Legislative Assembly at the 1907 election, the Ministry fell when Kidston resigned on 12 November 1907 after failing to have sympathetic members appointed to the Council. It was succeeded by the short-lived Second Philp ministry headed by his conservative opponent Robert Philp on 19 November.

Second Philp ministry
The Second Philp Ministry was the 24th ministry of the Government of Queensland and was led by Premier Robert Philp, who led the Conservative party. It succeeded the Second Kidston ministry on 19 November 1907 following Kidston's resignation on 12 November 1907. The Ministry lost a vote of no-confidence in the Legislative Assembly by 37 to 29 on its first day, and Philp asked for and obtained a dissolution of Parliament. At the 5 February 1908 election, the Conservative party lost seven Assembly seats including those of two of the ministers (Leahy and Stephens), and on 14 February Philp resigned. The Ministry formally concluded on 18 February 1908, and was succeeded by the Second Kidston ministry.
Daniel Bigham
Daniel John Bigham (born 2 October 1991) is a British aerodynamics engineer and former racing cyclist, who has predominantly competed successfully in individual and team endurance track events, winning gold medals at national, European and world championships.

2022 British National Track Championships
The 2022 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions. The National Track Championships (excluding certain events) were due to be held from 28 to 30 January 2022 at the Geraint Thomas National Velodrome in Newport, Wales. However, following further issues regarding the COVID-19 pandemic the event was rescheduled for 3 March to 6 March.

They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and are open to British cyclists. The championships are sponsored by HSBC.

The Derny, Omnium, Madison, Tandem and inaugural Elimination events took place at various other dates throughout the year.
Bucking horse
A bucking horse is any breed of horse, male or female, with a propensity to buck. They have been, and still are, referred to by various names, including bronco, broncho, and roughstock.

The harder they buck, the more desirable they are for rodeo events.  Roughstock breeders have long established strings of bucking horses with broodmares and stallions that have been bred and crossbred to more consistently produce the desired temperaments and athletic ability needed for bareback and saddle bronc riding competition. Bareback broncs are typically smaller and faster athletes, whereas saddle broncs are heavier bodied athletes of great strength and endurance.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Thorncroftia coddii
Thorncroftia coddii is an endangered species of Thorncroftia commonly known as the Blyde River Canyon whistlesweet. It was first collected in 1953 by Dr Leslie Codd, who believed it to be Plectranthus succulentus, a species he would later rename Thorncroftia succulenta. It was only in 2025, after more examples were found in the wild, that the plant was described as a new species, distinct from T. succulenta.

It grows on quartzite cliffs and outcrops in the greater Blyde River Canyon, where some of its fragmented populations are threatened by the encroachment of alien trees and informal mining.

Thorncroftia
Thorncroftia (whistlesweets) is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1912. It is native to southern Africa.

Species

Thorncroftia coddii Changwe & K.Balkwill – South Africa (Mpumalanga province)

Thorncroftia greenii Changwe & K.Balkwill – South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal province)

Thorncroftia longiflora N.E.Br – Eswatini, South Africa (Mpumalanga)

Thorncroftia lotteri T.J.Edwards & McMurtry – South Africa (Mpumalanga)

Thorncroftia media Codd – South Africa (Limpopo province)

Thorncroftia malolotjaensis K.Balkwill – Eswatini

Thorncroftia succulenta (R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce) Codd – South Africa (Limpopo)

Thorncroftia thorncroftii (S.Moore) Codd – Eswatini, South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga)
Cumnock West and Auchinleck (ward)
Cumnock West and Auchinleck was one of 30 electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Originally created in 1984, the ward was initially within Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council before the local government reforms in the 1990s. The ward elected one councillor using the first-past-the-post voting electoral system.

The ward was a Labour stronghold as the party successfully held the seat at every election.

In 1999, the ward was abolished with the area represented by the ward placed into the new Cumnock West and Ochiltree, Skares, Netherthird and Craigens wards and the re-established Auchinleck ward.

Cumnock and Doon Valley
55°27′58″N 4°27′04″W﻿ / ﻿55.466°N 4.451°W﻿ / 55.466; -4.451

Cumnock and Doon Valley (Scottish Gaelic: Cumnag agus Srath Dhùin) was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996.
Balkanstreitkräfte
The Balkanstreitkräfte (German for "Balkan Armed Forces"), also known as the Balkan Army, was a military formation of the Austro-Hungarian Army created for operations against the Kingdom of Serbia at the onset of World War I.

Formed in August 1914, the force participated in three unsuccessful invasions of Serbia, culminating in a decisive defeat at the Battle of Kolubara in December of that year. Following this failure, its commander, Feldzeugmeister Oskar Potiorek, was dismissed. The Balkanstreitkräfte was officially disbanded in May 1915, with its remaining elements, notably the 5th Army, reorganized under Archduke Eugen of Austria and redeployed to the Italian front.

Drina
The Drina (Serbian Cyrillic: Дрина, pronounced [drǐːna]) is a 346 km (215 mi) long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube River drainage basin.

The Drina originates from the confluence of the rivers Tara and Piva, in the glen between the slopes of the Maglić, Hum and Pivska Planina mountains, between the villages of Šćepan Polje, Montenegro and Hum, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-HX200V
The Sony Cyber-shot DSC-HX200V is a hyperzoom bridge digital camera that features:

18.2 megapixel resolution

Fast f/2.8 Carl Zeiss-branded zoom lens with super 30x zoom range

Mega O.I.S. (optical image stabilizer) in the lens, reducing blurring by compensating for hand shake

Intelligent ISO Control

2x Digital Zoom

Multiple modes of operation, including manual modes

Full HD 1080p movie mode in both normal and wide aspect ratio

Compact size and moderate weight

As with most Sony Cyber-shot cameras it uses a BIONZ engine, in this case the BIONZ a99.

The camera has a 3" color LCD and a color electronic viewfinder, and is available in two colors, black (suffix K) and silver (suffix S).
The Cyber-shot DSC-HX200V release to the USA was announced on February 28, 2012. The successor to the HX200V is the HX300.

Superzoom
A superzoom or ultrazoom lens is a type of photographic zoom lens with unconventionally large focal length factors, typically ranging from wide angle to extreme long lens focal lengths in one lens. There is no clear definition of a superzoom lens, but the name generally covers lenses that have a range well above the 3× or 4× (e.g., 28-85 mm or 70-210 mm) of a standard zoom lens, with lenses being 10×, 12×, 18×, or above considered superzoom.

Advantages of a superzoom lens include compositional flexibility, reduced need to swap lenses, and enhanced portability by consolidating the functionality of multiple lenses into one. Due to trade-offs in the optical design, superzoom lenses are noted for having poorer optical quality at the extreme ends of their zoom ranges, often due to distortion. The longer focal lengths are usually accompanied by optical image stabilization in order to be usable handheld.
Vayigash
Vayigash or Vaigash (Hebrew: וַיִּגַּשׁ, romanized: wayyiggaš, lit. 'and [then] he drew near', the first word of the parashah) is the eleventh weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. It constitutes Genesis 44:18–47:27.

In this parashah, Judah pleads on behalf of his brother Benjamin, Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, Jacob comes down to Biblical Egypt, and Joseph's administration of Egypt saves lives but transforms all the Egyptians into serfs.

The parashah is made up of 5680 Hebrew letters, 1480 Hebrew words, 106 verses, and 178 lines in a sefer Torah. Jews read it the eleventh Shabbat after Simchat Torah, generally in December or early January.

Gunther Plaut
Wolf Gunther Plaut, (November 1, 1912 – February 8, 2012) was an American Reform rabbi and author of a Torah commentary who was based in Canada. Plaut was the rabbi of Holy Blossom Temple in Toronto for several decades and from 1978 was its senior scholar.
Payne's Creek National Park
Payne's Creek National Park is a nature reserve in the Toledo District of southern Belize.  The park encompasses 37,680 acres (152 km2) of land including the dominant broadleaf forest as well as mangrove areas.

Toledo District
Toledo is the southernmost and least populated district in Belize. Punta Gorda is the District capital. According to the Human Development Index (HDI), it is the second most developed region in the country. The district has a diverse topography which features rainforests, extensive cave networks, coastal lowland plains, and offshore cays. Toledo is home to a wide range of cultures such as Mopan, Kekchi Maya, Creole, Garifuna, East Indians, Mennonites, Mestizos, and descendants of US Confederate settlers.
Nambooripad order
In mathematics, Nambooripad order  (also called Nambooripad's partial order) is a certain natural partial order on a regular semigroup discovered by K S S Nambooripad  in late seventies. Since the same partial order was also independently discovered by Robert E Hartwig,  some authors refer to it as Hartwig–Nambooripad order. "Natural" here means that the order is defined in terms of the operation on the semigroup.

In general Nambooripad's order in a regular semigroup is not compatible with multiplication. It is compatible with multiplication only if the semigroup is pseudo-inverse (locally inverse).

Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Miss Grand Argentina 2025
Miss Grand Argentina 2025 was the first edition of the Miss Grand Argentina pageant, held on 27 August 2025 at the Teatro Ateneo Cecilia Bernasconi in Buenos Aires. Twelve contestants from different provinces and departments of the country competed for the title.

The contest was won by a 22-year-old Elena Mateo, representing the Tucumán Province. Mateo will later represent the country on the parent stage of Miss Grand International 2025, which will take place in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

The pageant was organized under the directorship of an entrepreneur, Malena Gonzalez, who is also the director of Miss Supranational for Argentina.

Misiones Province
Misiones (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈsjones], Missions) is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.

This was an early area of Roman Catholic missionary activity by the Jesuits in what was then called the province of Paraguay, beginning in the early 17th century. In 1984, the ruins of four mission sites in Argentina were designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Paraepepeotes togatus
Paraepepeotes togatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Perroud in 1855, originally under the genus Monohammus. It is known from Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Moluccas.

Monochamus
Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.

If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage. Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.
1993 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
The 1993 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pac-12 Conference teams for the 1993 Pacific-10 Conference football season. The UCLA Bruins, Arizona Wildcats, and USC Trojans could all claim a conference championship, posting 6–2 conference records. UCLA wide receiver J. J. Stokes was voted Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year. Arizona defensive tackle Rob Waldrop was voted Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year.

J. J. Stokes
Jerel Jamal Stokes (born October 6, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, earning unanimous All-American honors in 1993. A first-round selection in the 1995 NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers, he played in the NFL for the 49ers, Jacksonville Jaguars and New England Patriots. He won a Super Bowl with the Patriots in 2003.
Glyderau
The Glyderau (a Welsh plural form, also known in English as the Glyders) are a mountain group in Snowdonia, North Wales. The name derives from the highest peaks in the range, Glyder Fawr and Glyder Fach. According to Sir Ifor Williams, the word "Glyder" derives from the Welsh word "Cludair", meaning a heap of stones.

The Glyderau stretch from Mynydd Llandegai to Capel Curig, and include five of Wales' fourteen or fifteen summits over 3000 feet; these include Tryfan, considered one of the finest mountains in Wales and one of the few mountains on the British mainland requiring scrambling to reach the summit. The eastern half of the range in particular, including Glyder Fawr, Glyder Fach and Tryfan, is very popular with walkers and climbers.

Dinorwig Power Station, a hydroelectric pump-storage system, is located in a man-made cavern within Elidir Fawr. The slopes of the Glyderau also include the lake Llyn Idwal, and a number of classic climbing areas such as Rhiwiau Caws.

Capel Curig
Capel Curig (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkɑːpɛl ˈkɨːrɪɡ]; meaning "Curig's Chapel") is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies in the heart of Snowdonia, on the River Llugwy, and has a population of 226, reducing slightly to 206 at the 2011 census.  It lies at the junction of the A5 road from Bangor and Bethesda to Betws-y-Coed with the A4086 road from Caernarfon, Llanberis, Pen-y-Pass and Pen-y-Gwryd. It is surrounded by hills and mountains, including Moel Siabod and Pen Llithrig y Wrach.
Surutti
Surutti is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the janya ragam of 28th Melakarta rāgam Harikambhoji in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. Subbarama Dikshitar classifies this a bhashanga raga. Its a Vakra raga (Zig-zag raga scale with seven notes in Arohana and nine in Avarohana)

Parent scale this raga is equivalent to Khamaj thaat of Hindustani Music. The Janaka raga of this raga is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music.

The notes of this raga is equivalent to Mixolydian mode of Western music but note order is zig-zag.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
2016 MAAC men's soccer tournament
The 2016 MAAC men's soccer tournament was the 24th edition of the MAAC Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship.

The defending champions, Rider Broncs successfully defended their title, beating regular season champions, Quinnipiac, 3–1 in the championship game. The title was Rider's fourth overall MAAC championship. Additionally, Rider became the first school since Marist in 2004–2005 to repeat as MAAC Tournament champions.

Quinnipiac University hosted the semifinals and final of the tournament, while the first round was hosted by the higher seeds.

MAAC men's soccer tournament
The MAAC men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). The tournament has been held every year since 1988. It is played on a single-elimination format and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship.

In 2012, the tournament changed from a ten-team to a four-team tournament. In 2016, the tournament moved to a six-team, three-round tournament with the top two seeds receiving first round byes.

Loyola Maryland is the most winning team of the competition with 12 titles.
Rama tapaniya Upanishad
The Rama Tapaniya Upanishad (राम तापनीय उपनिषत्) also called Ramatapaniyopanishad (रामतापिनियोपनिषत्) is a minor Upanishadic text written in Sanskrit. It is one of the 31 Upanishads attached to the Atharvaveda, and is classified as a Vaishnava Upanishad.

The text is in two parts, the early part called Rama purva Tapaniya Upanishad and the later part called Rama uttara Tapaniya Upanishad, which together with Ramarahasya Upanishad are Vaishnava Upanishads devoted to the Hindu god Rama. The text presents Rama as equivalent to the Atman (soul, self) and the Brahman (Ultimate Reality).

The Upanishad is modeled after the Nrisimha Tapaniya Upanishad. It heavily borrows from the Vedic texts and the Principal Upanishads, praises the characters in the epic story of Rama, and then presents Om, the Rama yantra, and the Rama mantra.

Principal Upanishads
Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed between 800 BCE to the start of common era, these texts are connected to the Vedic tradition.
New class
New class is a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet-type state socialism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist party functionaries which arose in these states. Generally, the group known in the Soviet Union as the nomenklatura conforms to the theory of the new class. The term was earlier applied to other emerging strata of the society. Milovan Đilas' new-class theory was also used extensively by anti-communist commentators in the Western world in their criticism of the Communist states during the Cold War.

"Red bourgeoisie" is a pejorative synonym for the term new class, crafted by leftist critics and movements like the 1968 student demonstrations in Belgrade. New class is also used as a term in late 1960s post-industrial sociology.

Ruling class
In sociology, the ruling class of a society is the social class who set and decide the political and economic agenda of society.

In Marxist philosophy, the ruling class are the class who own the means of production in a given society and apply their cultural hegemony to determine and establish the dominant ideology (ideas, culture, mores, norms, traditions) of the society. In the case of the capitalist mode of production, that class is the capitalist class, also known as the bourgeoisie.

According to some theorists in the 21st century, the worldwide political economy established by globalization has created a transnational capitalist class who are not native to any one country.