hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma lewisi
Trypanosoma lewisi is a globally distributed parasite of Rattus species and other rodents such as mice, and of kangaroo rats in America. Among these host species were two endemic species of rats: Rattus macleari and Rattus nativitatis. Both are now believed to be extinct. It is not very clear whether or not the same parasite infected both species. However, both parasites are very similar. The northern rat flea (Nosopsyllus fasciatus) acts as the vector for the parasite, harboring the epimastigote stage in its midgut.  The trypomastigote is the stage that is present in the main host, the rodent. The epimastigote form attaches itself to the rectum of the insect using its flagella to burrow through the rectal walls.  The parasites also appear in the flea's feces. Ingestion of either the flea or its feces during grooming infects the host rodent with the parasites. T. lewisi is normally non-pathogenic but is known to have produced fatal infections in rats.

Nosopsyllus fasciatus
Nosopsyllus fasciatus, the northern rat flea, is a species of flea found on domestic rats and house mice. Northern rat fleas are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of rodents. N. fasciatus can bite humans, but they are more common parasites of rodents. Since N. fasciatus carries the agents responsible for plague and marine typhus and can bite humans, making the species of one of concern for people. Diseases that can be spread through fleas include the plague and typhus.  The rat flea is widespread due to their relationship to rodents and other vertebrates. They can be found co-infecting their host with other parasites.

It is the most widely spread of its genus, having originated in Europe, but has been transported to temperate regions worldwide. The genus, Nosopsyllus, contains sixty-eight taxa, which is then divided into four categories Nosopsyllus, Gerbillophilus, Nosinius, and Penicus.
2018 Tour de Wallonie
The 2018 VOO-Tour de Wallonie was a five-stage men's professional road cycling race, held in Belgium as a 2.HC race on the 2018 UCI Europe Tour. It was the forty-fifth running of the Tour de Wallonie, starting on 28 July in La Louvière and finishing on 1 August in Waremme.

2018 UCI Europe Tour
The 2018 UCI Europe Tour was the fourteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2018 season began on 25 January 2018 with the Trofeo Porreres, Felanitx, Ses Salines, Campos and ended on 16 October 2018 with the Nationale Sluitingsprijs.

French rider Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis), who scored 1,124 points in the 2017 edition, is the defending champion from the 2017 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
Ludhiana
Ludhiana (Punjabi: Ludhiāṇā, pronounced [lʊ́(d̪)tɪ̀ɪˈäːɳäː]) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Punjab. The city has an estimated population of 1,618,879 as of the 2011 census and distributed over 159.37 km2 (61.53 sq mi), making Ludhiana the most densely populated urban centre in the state. It is a major industrial center of Northern India, referred to as "India's Manchester" by the BBC. It is also known as the commercial capital of Punjab.

It stands on the old bank of Sutlej River, that is now 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the south of its present course. The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has placed Ludhiana on the 48th position among the top 100 smart cities, and the city has been ranked as one of the easiest cities in India for business according to the World Bank.

Sahnewal
Sahnewal is a city and a municipal council in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the hometown of the popular Deol family of Bollywood and the birthplace of Sunny Deol. Ludhiana Airport is located near Sahnewal and provides civil and defense flights.
Gao Empire
The Gao Empire was a kingdom that ruled the Niger bend from approximately the 7th century CE until their fall to the Mali Empire in the late 14th century. Ruled by the Za dynasty from the capital of Gao, the empire was an important predecessor of  the Songhai Empire.

Ibadism
Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized: al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is the third-largest branch of Islam. Its roots go back to the Kharijite secession from the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. It is a moderate subsect that has persisted and led to the creation of Ibadi communities in various areas in the Middle East and Africa.

The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل الحقّ والاستقامة). Contemporary Ibadis may object to being classified as Kharijites. They are much less numerous than the two largest Muslim denominations: Sunnis—who account for 85–90 percent of the Muslim world—and Shias.

Today, the largest of these communities is in Oman. It is also practiced to a lesser extent in Algeria (in Mzab), Tunisia (in Djerba), Libya (in Nafusa and Zuwarah area), and Tanzania (in Zanzibar).
Johan Wiland
Johan Kristoffer Sellberg-Wiland (born 24 January 1981) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Starting off his career in Sweden with IF Elfsborg in the early 2000s, he went on to represent F.C. Copenhagen and Malmö FF before retiring at Hammarby IF in 2019. A full international between 2007 and 2013, he won nine caps for the Sweden national team and was a part of their UEFA Euro 2008 and 2012 squads.

Fotbollsgalan
Fotbollsgalan is an official and annual Swedish sports awards ceremony honoring achievements in Swedish football. It is organised by Swedish Football Association and televised by TV4. The singer Anastacia performed the song Paid My Dues during the Gala in 2001.
Greca (insignia)
Greca (literally, Greek) is the term for the symbol of general rank or equivalent in the Italian Army, Italian Air Force, the Carabinieri and the Italian Navy. It is also used for those of high rank in the Vatican Gendarmerie and for generals in the military of San Marino. It is named after 'greca',  the Italian term for Greek key or meander. It resembles a double reversed letter W with a horizontal line across it.

Shoulder insignia of a capo di Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, with 'greca' at the bottom

Shoulder insignia of a squadron admiral

Shoulder insignia of a generale di squadra aerea.

Shoulder insignia of a comandante generale of the Arma dei Carabinieri.

Shoulder insignia of a comandante generale of the Guardia di Finanza

Shoulder insignia of a Dirigente Generale of the Corpo Forestale dello Stato

Shoulder insignia of a Ispettore generale of the Vatican Gendarmerie

Shoulder insignia of a Generale of San Marino

Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare, lit. 'Military Navy'; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.
Before Today
Before Today is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Ariel Pink, credited to "Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti", and released on June 8, 2010. The album marked Pink's debut on the record label 4AD. It was his first official LP of new recordings since 2003's Worn Copy and his first written and recorded with a supporting band, referred to in the liner notes as "Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti".

The album was critically acclaimed upon release, with  Pitchfork  placing the album at #9 on its list of "The Top 50 Albums of 2010". Lead single "Round and Round" was also ranked by Pitchfork as the best track of 2010.

Worn Copy
Worn Copy is the seventh studio album by the American recording artist Ariel Pink, under his "Haunted Graffiti" musical project. It is the eighth release in the eponymous series of works and was released on the label, Rhystop, in 2003. It was reissued by Paw Tracks in 2005 with the bonus video, "For Kate I Wait."
Saline River (Kansas)
The Saline River is a 397-mile-long (639 km) tributary of the Smoky Hill River in the central Great Plains of North America. The entire length of the river lies in the U.S. state of Kansas in the northwest part of the state. Its name comes from the French translation of its Native name Ne Miskua, referring to its salty content.

Ellis County, Kansas
Ellis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Hays.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 28,934.
The county was named for George Ellis, a first lieutenant of the Twelfth Kansas Infantry.
Ellis County is the official German Capital of Kansas. German immigrants settled in Hays, Ellis, Victoria, and nearby villages in the 1870s and 1880s.
Flags used during the British Raj
The Star of India refers to a group of flags used during the period of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. India had a range of flags for different purposes during its existence. The Princely states had their own flags which were to be flown alongside the British flag as a symbol of suzerainty. The official state flag for use on land was the Union Flag of the United Kingdom and it was this flag that was lowered on Independence Day in 1947. The flag of the governor-general of India was defaced with the Star of India. The civil ensign and naval ensign were the Red Ensign or Blue Ensign, respectively, defaced with the Star of India emblem.

Lion (heraldry)
The lion is a common charge in heraldry. It traditionally symbolises courage, nobility, royalty, strength, stateliness and valour, because historically the lion has been regarded as the "king of beasts". The lion also carries Judeo-Christian symbolism. The Lion of Judah stands in the coat of arms of Jerusalem. Similar-looking lions can be found elsewhere, such as in the coat of arms of the Swedish royal House of Bjälbo, from there in turn derived into the coat of arms of Finland, formerly belonging to Sweden.
2013 African Women's Youth Handball Championship
The 2013 African Women's Youth Handball Championship was the 8th edition of the African Women's Youth Handball Championship. The event, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the supervision of the International Handball Federation, took place in the Republic of the Congo, in one host city, Oyo, from August 24 to 30. Seven teams participated on the tournament. Angola, the defending champion, retained its title, by beating Tunisia 29-18 in the final.

The tournament also served as the qualification for the 2014 Women's Youth World Handball Championship, in Macedonia.

African Women's Youth Handball Championship
The African Women's Youth Handball Championship is the official competition for youth women's national handball teams of Africa, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the supervision of the International Handball Federation and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the African champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Youth World Championship.
Garynahine
Garynahine (Scottish Gaelic: Gearraidh na h-aibhne) is a settlement on Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Garynahine is situated at a T-junction where roads from Stornoway, Uig and the west side of Lewis all meet. The roads are the A858 and the B8011. Garynahine is within the parish of Uig.

Uig, Lewis
Uig (Scottish Gaelic: Ùig [uːkʲ]), also known as Sgìr' Ùig, is a civil parish and community in the west of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. The Parish of Uig is one of the four civil parishes of the Isle of Lewis. It contains the districts of Carloway, East Uig, Bernera and West Uig (commonly known as Uig district or Uig Lewis). The name derives from the Norse word Vik meaning 'a bay'.
Cousolre
Cousolre (French pronunciation: [kusɔ(l)ʁ]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

The nearest major city is Charleroi in Belgium (the village is very close to the Belgian border). It is about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Charleroi and 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Maubeuge.

Charleroi
Charleroi (UK: /ˈʃɑːrlə.rwʌ/, US: /-rɔɪ, -rwɑː/, French: [ʃaʁləʁwa] ⓘ; Walloon: Tchålerwè [tʃɑːlɛʀwɛ]) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It is the largest city in both Hainaut and Wallonia. The city is situated in the valley of the Sambre, in the south-west of Belgium, not far from the border with France. By 1 January 2008, the total population of Charleroi was 201,593. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,462 square kilometres (564 sq mi) with a total population of 522,522 by 1 January 2008, ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels, Antwerp, Liège, and Ghent. The inhabitants are called Carolorégiens or simply Carolos.
PenTile matrix family
PenTile matrix is a family of patented subpixel matrix schemes used in electronic device displays. PenTile is a trademark of Samsung. PenTile matrices are used in AMOLED and LCD displays.

These subpixel layouts are specifically designed to operate with proprietary algorithms for subpixel rendering embedded in the display driver, allowing plug and play compatibility with conventional RGB (Red-Green-Blue) stripe panels.

Google Pixel
Google Pixel is a brand of portable consumer electronic devices that is developed by Google that runs the Pixel version of the Android operating system or the ChromeOS operating system. The primary line of Pixel products consists of Android-powered smartphones, produced since October 2016 as the replacement for the older Nexus line, with the current models being the Pixel 10, Pixel 10 Pro, Pixel 10 Pro XL, Pixel 10 Pro Fold, and Pixel 10a. The Pixel brand also includes laptop and tablet computers, as well as several accessories, and was originally introduced in February 2013 with the Chromebook Pixel.
Protococcidiorida
Protococcidiorida is an order within the class Conoidasida of the phylum Apicomplexa. All members of this order are parasitic protozoa. The order was created by Kheisin in 1956.

The species in this order infect annelids.

There are five families and one additional genus (Sawayella) in this order.

Apicomplexan life cycle
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a cellular variety with a distinct morphology and biochemistry.

Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism.
Mazzè
Mazzè is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Turin.

Mazzè borders the following municipalities: Vische, Candia Canavese, Moncrivello, Caluso, Cigliano, Villareggia, Rondissone, and Chivasso.

Moncrivello
Moncrivello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 km west of Vercelli.

It is home to the medieval Moncrivello Castle, which was a residence of Yolande of Valois, duchess of Savoy and daughter of Charles VII of France, in the 15th century.
Performance bedding
Performance bedding is a bedding product not made from traditional material such as cotton.  Performance bedding includes memory foam, gel, polyester, or proprietary fabrics. Bedding products include sheets, pillows, and mattress protectors.  Because of the different properties of polyester compared to cotton, moisture may be wicked away from the body during sleep.  The low absorbency qualities of polyester means it is more resistant to stains than cotton.

The company Sheex manufactures performance bedding.

Memory foam
Memory foam consists mainly of polyurethane with additional chemicals that increase its viscosity and density. It is often referred to as "viscoelastic" polyurethane foam, or low-resilience polyurethane foam (LRPu). The foam bubbles or 'cells' are open, effectively creating a matrix through which air can move. Higher-density memory foam softens in reaction to body heat, allowing it to mold to a warm body in a few minutes. Newer foams may recover their original shape more quickly.
John Mulhall (hurler)
John Mulhall (born 16 April 1988) is an Irish hurler who played as a left corner-forward for the Kilkenny senior team.

Mulhall made his first appearance for the team during the 2009 Walsh Cup and became a regular impact sub over subsequent seasons until he left the panel prior to the 2012 championship. During that time he won one All-Ireland winners' medal and two Leinster winners' medals. He ended up as an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level Mulhall plays with the St Martin's club.

2010 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2010 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 114th staging of Ireland's premier hurling competition since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. A total of thirteen teams competed in the championship, with Tipperary unseating the four-time defending champions Kilkenny by 4–17 to 1–18 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.  The championship began on 22 May 2010 and concluded on 5 September 2010.
Skagit Island
Skagit Island is a 21-acre islet located in the north Puget Sound of Washington state. Found south of Fidalgo island in the Skagit bay, the islet is home to Skagit Island Marine State Park with a basic trail system surrounding it.

Fidalgo Island
Fidalgo Island is an island in Skagit County, Washington, located about 60 mi (97 km) north of Seattle. To the east, it is separated from the mainland by the Swinomish Channel, and from Whidbey Island to the south by Deception Pass. The island is named after the Spanish explorer and cartographer Salvador Fidalgo, who explored the area in 1790.

Its largest and only city is Anacortes with a population of 17,637 at the time of the 2020 census. Anacortes has ferries with daily service to the San Juan Islands and Guemes Island.
2022–23 Hong Kong Senior Shield
2022–23 Hong Kong Senior Shield was the 119th season of the Hong Kong Senior Shield. 10 teams entered this edition, with 2 games being played in the first round before the quarter-finals stage. The competition was only open to teams that played in the 2022–23 Hong Kong Premier League.

The champions received HK$150,000 in prize money while the runners up received HK$50,000. The best player of the final received a HK$10,000 bonus. In addition, the two losing teams in semi-finals received HK$20,000 while the remaining teams received HK$5,000.

Eastern were the defending champions but lost to Kitchee in the final. Kitchee became the champions for the 8th time after beating Eastern in the final.

Hong Kong Senior Shield
The Hong Kong Senior Shield (Chinese: 香港高級組銀牌), known commonly as the Senior Shield, is the football knockout inter-club competition held in Hong Kong and the fourth oldest football tournament in Asia. Traditionally, only teams that play in the Hong Kong Premier League take part in the competition. However, sometimes teams in the lower divisions, usually the champions of the Junior Shield, are invited in order to increase the number of participating teams.

The current Senior Shield holders are Tai Po.
Kayapo language
Mẽbêngôkre (endonym: Mẽbêngôkre kabẽn [mẽbeŋoˈkɾɛ kaˈbɛ̃n]), sometimes referred to as Kayapó, is a Northern Jê language (Jê, Macro-Jê) spoken by the Kayapó and the Xikrin people in the north of Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil. There are around 8,600 native speakers since 2010 based on the 2015 Ethnologue 18th edition. Due to the number of speakers and the influence of Portuguese speakers, the language stands at a sixth level of endangerment; in which the materials for literacy and education in Mẽbêngôkre are very limited.

Grammatical person
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical persons. First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.
English three farthing coin
The silver three-farthing (3⁄4d) coin was introduced in Queen Elizabeth I's third and fourth coinages (1561–1582), as part of a plan to produce large quantities of coins of varying denominations and high metal content. It was worth 1⁄16 shilling, or 1⁄320 pound sterling.

The obverse shows a left-facing bust of the queen, with a rose behind her and the legend E D G ROSA SINE SPINA – Elizabeth, by the grace of God a rose without a thorn – while the reverse shows the royal arms with the date above the arms and a mint mark at the beginning of the legend reading CIVITAS LONDON – City of London, the Tower Mint.

The three-farthings coin closely resembles the three-halfpence coin, differing only in the diameter, which is 14 mm (0.55 in) for an unclipped coin, compared to 16 mm (0.63 in) for the three-halfpence.

All the coins are hammered, except for the extremely rare milled three-farthings of 1563, of which only three examples are known to exist.

Money portal

Shilling (English coin)
The English shilling was a silver coin of the Kingdom of England, when first introduced known as the testoon. A shilling was worth twelve pence, and there were 20 shillings to the pound sterling. The English shilling was introduced in the 16th century and remained in circulation until it became the British shilling as the result of the Union of England and Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.
2017 Speedway World Cup Race-off
The 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup Race Off was the third race of the 2017 edition of the Speedway World Cup. It was run on July 7 at the Alfred Smoczyk Stadium in Leszno, Poland and was won by Russia from Australia, Latvia and the United States. As a result, Russia progressed to the 2017 Speedway World Cup Final, where they will join defending champions and hosts Poland, Event One winners Great Britain and Event Two winners Sweden. Australia finished second, but were eliminated from the competition along with Latvia and the United States.

Emil Sayfutdinov led Russia to victory with a 15-point maximum, and he was well supported by Gleb Chugunov, Andrey Kudryashov and Vadim Tarasenko. The Russian team still made the final without Grigory Laguta, who was suspended in the build-up to the event after failing a doping test. Jason Doyle top scored with 12 points for Australia, while Andžejs Ļebedevs was the star for Latvia with 18 points.

2017 Speedway World Cup
The 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the seventeenth Speedway World Cup, the annual international motorcycle speedway world championship tournament organised by the FIM. The next edition would not be held until six years later in 2023. The 2017 event took place between 1 July and 8 July 2017 and involved nine national teams. Poland successfully defended their 2016 title.