hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abstract state machine
In computer science, an abstract state machine (ASM) is a state machine operating on states that are arbitrary data structures (structure in the sense of mathematical logic, that is a nonempty set together with a number of functions (operations) and relations over the set).

State (computer science)
In information technology and computer science, a system is described as stateful if it is designed to remember preceding events or user interactions; the remembered information is called the state of the system.

The set of states a system can occupy is known as its state space. In a discrete system, the state space is countable and often finite. The system's internal behaviour or interaction with its environment consists of separately occurring individual actions or events, such as accepting input or producing output, that may or may not cause the system to change its state. Examples of such systems are digital logic circuits and components, automata and formal language, computer programs, and computers.

The output of a digital circuit or deterministic computer program at any time is completely determined by its current inputs and its state.
Argentine Pass
Argentine Pass, elevation 13,207 ft (4,025 m), is a high mountain pass that crosses the Continental Divide in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado in the United States. Argentine Pass is located on the crest of the Front Range along the boundary southwest of Georgetown and is the highest named vehicle-accessible pass in the state.

Some early references use other names for the pass. An 1867 description of the trip from Georgetown into the valley of the Snake River refers to it as Sanderson Pass. A lithograph caption from 1869 calls it the Snake River Pass.

Summit County, Colorado
Summit County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 31,055, and was estimated to be 30,882 in 2024. The county seat of Breckenridge. Summit County comprises the Breckenridge, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Palatal fricative
A palatal fricative is a type of fricative consonant that is also a palatal consonant. The two main types of palatal fricatives are:

voiceless palatal fricative [ç]

voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]

They are produced with the friction of the dorsum of the tongue against the hard palate. In some dialects of English, [ç] acts as an allophone for /hj/, and some loanwords may start with [ʝ].

Phonemic palatal fricatives are decently rare, especially the voiced palatal fricative. They occur more often as allophones (such as in German, where [ç] is an allophone of the voiceless velar fricative after consonants and front vowels), or as alternative realizations of the voiced palatal approximant.

Palatal consonant
Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Palatal sounds are occasionally called domal or cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though usually those terms are restricted to retroflex consonants (apico-domal or apico-palatal), with 'palatal' restricted to laminal consonants (lamino-domal or lamino-palatal).

The term 'palatal' is commonly used more loosely for laminal or palatalized post-alveolar sounds, if there are no true palatals that contrast with them. This is especially the case with the IPA letters ⟨ɲ⟩ and ⟨ʎ⟩, which would often be more accurately transcribed as ⟨n̠ʲ⟩ and ⟨l̠ʲ⟩.
Legionella feeleii
Legionella feeleii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Legionella  which was isolated from an automobile plant and which was held responsible for causing Pontiac fever in 317 workers. The organism did not grow on blood agar, required L-cysteine, and showed significant quantities of branched-chain fatty acids. More recently, an unusual, extrapulmonary case was described in a 66-year-old woman admitted to Hopital Nord, Marseille, France because of a complicated cellulitis and an abscess on her right leg following a suspected  insect or spider bite.

In 2024 a few dozens people have been infected by Legionella feeleii during a music party/live dj set in Bologna, Italy in a building that was filled with water vapor for the purposes of the party itself. According to different sources from around 60 to more than 100 people had the typical Pontiac Fever symptoms.

Legionella
Legionella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid. Most Legionella species are intracellular pathogens whose primary hosts are amoebae, however many Legionella are accidental pathogens of humans. Legionella bacteria are known to cause legionellosis (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. These bacteria are common in many places, like soil and water. There are over 50 species and 70 types (serogroups) identified. Legionella does not spread from person-to-person. Most individuals who are exposed to the bacteria do not get sick. Most outbreaks result from poorly maintained cooling towers.

The cell wall of the Legionella bacteria has parts that determine its specific type. The structural arrangement and building blocks (sugars) in the cell wall help classify the bacteria.
Puthiya Tamilagam
The Puthiya Tamilagam (transl. New Tamilagam; abbr. PT) is an Indian regional political party in Tamil Nadu. It was founded by the former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly K. Krishnasamy on 15 December 1997.

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (transl. Liberation Panther Party; abbr. VCK), formerly known as the Dalit Panthers of India or the Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam (transl. Dalit Panthers Movement; abbr. DPI), is an Indian social movement and political party that seeks to combat caste based discrimination, active in the state of Tamil Nadu. The party also has a strong emphasis on Tamil nationalism. Its chair is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai, and its general secretary is the writer Ravikumar.
2017 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro (born 1954) "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world." The prize was announced by the Swedish Academy on 5 October 2017.

Ishiguro is the 12th British writer to become a Nobel laureate in Literature after 2007 laureate Doris Lessing. He was succeeded later by novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, who became a Nobel laureate in 2021.

2016 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (born 1941) "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition". The prize was announced by the Swedish Academy on 13 October 2016. He is the 12th Nobel laureate from the United States.
Flisa IL
Flisa Allianseidrettslag is a multi-sports club based in the village of Flisa in Åsnes Municipality, Norway.

It has sections for football (soccer) and team handball, and was founded in 1913.

The men's football team played in the Third Division, among others with a lengthy stint from 2005 to 2017. They won their section in both 2008 and 2009, and both times wound up in promotion playoffs. The team lost 2–3 on aggregate both times; first to FF Lillehammer and the second time to Brumunddal.

Åsnes Municipality
Åsnes is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Solør. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Flisa, which is also the largest village in the municipality with nearly 1,800 people. Other villages in the municipality include Gjesåsen, Hof, Sønsterud, and Kjellmyra.

The 1,041-square-kilometre (402 sq mi) municipality is the 108th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åsnes Municipality is the 141st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,247. The municipality's population density is 7 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Zwiesel
Zwiesel (German pronunciation: [ˈtsviːzl̩] ⓘ) is a town in the lower-Bavarian district of Regen, Germany, and since 1972 is a Luftkurort with particularly good air. The name of the town was derived from the Bavarian word stem zwisl which refers to the form of a fork. The fork of the rivers Großer Regen and Kleiner Regen and the land that lies between these two rivers were called Zwiesel.

Regen (district)
Regen is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Freyung-Grafenau, Deggendorf, Straubing-Bogen and Cham, and by the Czech Republic (Plzeň Region).
Charambe
Charambe   (Kata ya Charambe , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward  in the Temeke district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. North of the ward, Kuburugwa and Mbagala form its borders. Mianzini ward is to the east and south. Ilala MC's Kitunda Ward lies to the west together with Chamazi. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 101,933.

Temeke District, Dar es Salaam
Temeke District, officially the Temeke Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya Manispaa ya Temeke, in Swahili) is one of five districts of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. Temeke is bordered to the south by the Mkuranga District of the Pwani Region, to the north by the Indian Ocean, and to the northwest by the Ilala District. Temeke's eastern boundary is shared by Kigamboni District.  The district covers an area of 150.4 km2 (58.1 sq mi). The district is comparable in size to the land area of Cook Islands. The administrative seat is Miburani. The district is home to the University of Dar es Salaam's School of Education,  the National Stadium, the largest stadium in the country, Port of Dar es Salaam the largest port in the country, and The Chamazi Stadium the largest privately owned stadium. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population of the district as 1,205,949.
Grotulja
Grotulja is a sort of necklace made out of walnuts lined on string. Grotulja is a symbol of area around Trilj town in Croatia. Traditionally it was given by a young man to a girl on a feast of Saint Michael (patron saint of Trilj) as a symbol of affection or even as symbol of marriage proposal.

Necklace
A necklace is an article of jewellery that is worn around the neck. Necklaces may have been one of the earliest types of adornment worn by humans. They often serve ceremonial, religious, magical, or funerary purposes and are also used as symbols of wealth and status, given that they are commonly made of precious metals and stones.

The main component of a necklace is the band, chain, or cord that wraps around the neck. It is most often rendered in precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum. Necklaces often have additional attachments suspended or inset into the necklace itself. These attachments typically include pendants, lockets, amulets, crosses, and precious and semiprecious materials such as diamond, pearls, rubies, emeralds, garnets, and sapphires. They are made with many different type of materials and are used for many things and sometimes classified as clothing.
Bolívar Partido
Bolívar Partido  is a partido (second level administrative subdivision) located in central Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

The partido has 5,027 km² (1,941 sq mi) and a population of 32,442 (2001 census [INDEC]), and its capital is San Carlos de Bolívar.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Agapetus (caddisfly)
Agapetus is a genus of little black caddisflies of the family Glossosomatidae. There are at least 210 described species in Agapetus.

Larvae of Agapetus could be confused with Protoptila (another Glossosomatidae), but are readily distinguished by the presence 
of 2 mesonotal sclerites instead of 3. There have been few larval-adult associations of the Agapetus spp. (7 of 30), so in areas with multiple species, adults or mature pupae are needed for species level identification. The saddle-type rock cases for larval
Agapetus usually have larger rocks along the edge of the case.

The type species for Agapetus is Agapetus fuscipes J. Curtis.

Glossosomatidae
The Glossosomatidae are a family of the class Insecta and order Trichoptera.The family contains 23 genera in three subfamilies. In the US alone, there are 76 spp. in 6 different genera.

Glossosomatids, commonly known as the tortoise or saddle-case makers, and are worldwide in distribution. The common names were derived from the domed shaped cases created by the larvae. The first species was described by John Curtis in 1843, but the family wasn't created until 1891 by HDJ Wallengren.
Journal of Medical Genetics
The Journal of Medical Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of medical genetics, including reviews of and opinion on the latest developments. It was established in 1964 and is published by the BMJ Group. The editor-in-chief is Huw Dorkins (University of Oxford).

BMJ (company)
BMJ Group is a British publisher of medical journals, and healthcare knowledge provider of clinical decision tools, online educational resources, and events. Established in 1840, the company is owned by the British Medical Association.
2016 U-20 Copa Libertadores
The 2016 U-20 Copa Libertadores (Spanish: Copa Libertadores Sub-20 2016) was the 3rd edition of the U-20 Copa Libertadores, South America's premier under-20 club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament, which returned after a four-year hiatus having been temporarily discontinued since 2012, was held in the cities of Asunción and Luque, Paraguay, from 30 January to 14 February 2016.

U-20 Copa Libertadores
The CONMEBOL Under-20 Libertadores (Portuguese and Spanish: CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub 20) is the international association football club competition for teams that play in CONMEBOL leagues. It was created by Manuel Burga Seoane and the Peruvian Football Federation. The competition started in the 2011 season in response to the increased interest in youth football.
Midwestern Higher Education Compact
The Midwestern Higher Education Compact (MHEC) is a regional interstate compact that promotes cooperation and resource sharing in higher education. The member states of the Compact are Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

The Compact is one of four regional compacts in the United States dedicated to advancing higher education.

MHEC is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Interstate compact
In the United States, an interstate compact is a legally binding pact or agreement between two or more states, or between states and any foreign sub-national government. Common reasons for creating interstate compacts include resolving boundary disputes, cooperative management of infrastructure, and reducing administrative barriers. Interstate compacts are subject to congressional regulation. The history of interstate compacts ranges from treaties that predate the Constitution to the present day.
Okhotnyche
Okhotnyche (Ukrainian: Охотниче; Russian: Охотничье; Crimean Tatar: Ohotniçye) is a rural settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Okhotnyche is the highest located settlement in Crimea, at an elevation of 1,160 metres (3,810 ft). The settlement is located on the Ai-Petri mountain 19 km (12 mi) southwest from Livadiya, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 34 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 17 (2014 Census).

Ai-Petri
Ai-Petri (Crimean Tatar: Ay Petri; Ukrainian: Ай-Петрі) is a peak in the Crimean Mountains. For administrative purposes it is in the Yalta municipality of Crimea. The name is of Greek origin, and translates as "St. Peter" (Greek: Άγιος Πέτρος, romanized: Ágios Pétros).
Cierva Autogiro Company
The Cierva Autogiro Company was a British firm established in 1926 to develop the autogyro.
The company was set up to further the designs of Juan de la Cierva, a Spanish engineer and pilot, with the financial backing of James George Weir, a Scottish industrialist and aviator.

Cierva C.8
The Cierva C.8 is an experimental autogyro built by Juan de la Cierva in England in 1926 in association with Avro. Like Cierva's earlier autogyros, the C.8s were based on existing fixed-wing aircraft fuselages – in this case, the Avro 552.
Grass shears
Grass shears differ from pruning shears in being long-handled and having the handles at right-angles to the blades. They can be used to cut grass from a standing position. Two kinds are available: with the blades horizontal and with the blades vertical. Horizontal blades are used to remove grass which has not been cut by the lawn mower, while vertical blades are used for trimming the edges of a lawn.

Pruning shears
Pruning shears, also called hand pruners (in American English) or secateurs (in British English), are a type of scissors used for plants. They are strong enough to prune hard branches of trees and shrubs, sometimes up to two centimetres thick. They are used in gardening, arboriculture, plant nursery works, farming, flower arranging, and nature conservation, where fine-scale habitat management is required. They are typically manually powered, although electric versions are available.

Loppers are a larger, two-handed, long-handled version for branches thicker than pruning shears can cut.
2013 Clipsal 500 Adelaide
The 2013 Clipsal 500 Adelaide was a motor race for V8 Supercars held on 2 and 3 March 2013. The event was held at the Adelaide Street Circuit in Adelaide, South Australia, and consisted of two races of two hundred and fifty kilometres in length. It was the first round of the 2013 International V8 Supercars Championship, and marked the racing debuts of the Holden VF Commodore, Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG, and Nissan Altima L33, all of which were entered in the series under the brand-new "Car of the Future" regulations; Ford continued to use the FG Falcon model raced in previous years, but built to Car of the Future specifications.

Adelaide Street Circuit
The Adelaide Street Circuit (also known as the Adelaide Parklands Circuit) is a temporary street circuit in the East Parklands adjacent to the Adelaide central business district in South Australia, Australia.

The 3.780 km (2.349 mi) "Grand Prix" version of the track hosted eleven Formula One Australian Grand Prix events from 1985 to 1995, as well as the Race of a Thousand Years American Le Mans Series race in 2000. Between 1999 and 2020 and again from 2022, a shortened 3.219 km (2.000 mi) version of the circuit has been used for the Adelaide 500 touring car race. It is also used by the Adelaide Motorsport Festival. A modified layout of the original track will be used for the Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix from 2027.
Estádio Municipal Carlos Zamith
Estádio Municipal Carlos Zamith is a multi-use stadium in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches, and has a maximum capacity of 6,500 people.

Initially projected to be a training center for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the construction of the stadium began on 5 August 2013, and had an initial cost of R$ 14 million. Named after Carlos Zamith, a notable sports journalist of the state who had died at the time, the stadium had a symbolic inauguration on 24 May 2014, with state governor José Melo de Oliveira providing the first kick.

Carlos Zamith's first official match occurred on 6 July 2014, a Campeonato Amazonense de Juniores match between Manaus FC and Manaus EC.

Manaus Futebol Clube
Manaus Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Manaus, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Manaus, Amazonas founded on 5 May 2013. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Amazonense, the top flight of the Amazonas state football league.

Manaus is the best ranked team from Amazonas in CBF's national club ranking, followed by Amazonas and Fast, respectively in second and third.
Mark Barron
Mark Barron (born October 27, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide, where he was twice recognized as an All-American, and was a member of two BCS National Championship teams. He was selected as a strong safety by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the first round of the 2012 NFL draft, where he played for two and a half seasons before being traded to the St. Louis Rams in 2014, where he moved to the linebacker position. He also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos.

Mike Mayock
Michael Francis Mayock Sr. (born August 14, 1958) is an American former professional football executive and player in the National Football League (NFL). He played as a safety with the New York Giants. After his playing career, he was a draft analyst for the NFL Network, and a game analyst for NBC's coverage of Notre Dame football. He served as the general manager of the Las Vegas Raiders from 2019 to 2021.
Vandve Church
Vandve Church (Norwegian: Vandve kirke) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Dønna Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the island village of Vandve. It is an annex chapel in the Dønna parish which is part of the Nord-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a rectangular style in 1956 using plans drawn up by the architect Arne Reppen. The chapel seats about 50 people. The church was originally named "Vandve Chapel" until 1980 when it was renamed "Vandve Church".

Dønna Municipality
Dønna is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland region. The administrative centre of the island municipality is the village of Solfjellsjøen. Other villages include Bjørn, Dønnes, Hestad, Sandåker, and Vandve. The main island of Dønna is connected to the neighboring Herøy Municipality to the south by the Åkviksundet Bridge.

The 193-square-kilometre (75 sq mi) municipality is the 305th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Dønna Municipality is the 305th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,427. The municipality's population density is 7.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (19/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Conservatism in Serbia
This article gives an overview of conservatism in Serbia (Serbian: Конзервативизам). It is limited to conservative parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a conservative party.

Sanda Rašković Ivić
Sanda Rašković Ivić (Serbian Cyrillic: Санда Рашковић Ивић, pronounced [sânda râʃkoʋit͡ɕ ǐːʋit͡ɕ]; born 8 January 1956) is a former Serbian politician, psychiatrist and psychotherapist. She was the president of the Democratic Party of Serbia from 2014 to 2016. She has served as one of the vice-presidents of the People's Party since 2017 and is currently serving as a member of the National Assembly of Serbia.

She was previously a commissioner for refugees, the president of Coordination Center for Kosovo and Metohija, and Serbian ambassador to Italy