hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wishart baronets
The Wishart Baronetcy, of Clifton Hall in the County of Edinburgh, was a title in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. It was created on 17 June 1706 for George Wishart. Emilia Stuart Belches was heir general of the original grantee and was apparently allowed to succeed to the baronetcy. Assuming she did succeed, she was one of only five female baronets - see also Bolles (created 1635), Dalyell (created 1685), Dunbar (created 1706) and Maxwell (created 1682). The fourth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Kincardineshire. The title became dormant on his death in 1821.

Dalyell baronets
The Dalyell Baronetcy in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia was created 7 November 1685 for a Scottish General, Thomas Dalyell of the Binns.  The succession of the title is unusual in that, in default of heirs male, it can pass by special remainder to tailzie succeeding him in the estate of The Binns.

The current baronet is Sir Gordon Wheatley Dalyell of the Binns, 12th Baronet. He inherited the title from his father, former politician Tam Dalyell, in 2017.
York House, Strand
51°30′29″N 0°07′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.50806°N 0.12333°W﻿ / 51.50806; -0.12333

York House (formerly Norwich Palace or Norwich Place) was one of a series of grand mansions that formerly stood on the Strand, the principal route from the City of London to the Palace of Westminster.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
1981 Swiss Indoors
The 1981 Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from 12 October through 18 October 1981. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

1981 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1981 Volvo Grand Prix was the only men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of the four Grand Slam tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The World Championship Tennis (WCT) Tour was incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The WCT tour consisted of eight regular tournaments, a season's final, three tournaments categorized as special events and a doubles championship. In total 89 tournaments were held divided over 29 countries. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Frank–Read source
In materials science, a Frank–Read source is a mechanism explaining the generation of multiple dislocations in specific well-spaced slip planes in crystals when they are deformed. When a crystal is deformed, in order for slip to occur, dislocations must be generated in the material. This implies that, during deformation, dislocations must be primarily generated in these planes. Cold working of metal increases the number of dislocations by the Frank–Read mechanism. Higher dislocation density increases yield strength and causes work hardening of metals.

The mechanism of dislocation generation was proposed by and named after British physicist Charles Frank and Thornton Read.

In 2024, Cheng Long and coworkers demonstrated that the Frank-Read mechanism can generate disclination loops in nematic liquid crystals. This finding suggests that the Frank-Read mechanism may arise in a broader class of materials containing topological defect lines.

Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography and related sciences and contexts, an orientation or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.

Conversely, a orientation, plane or surface is said to be horizontal (or leveled) if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical orientation.

More generally, something that is vertical can be drawn from "up" to "down" (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Coug it
To "Coug it" is a tendency of the Washington State University Cougars football team to lose games via late-game collapses, odds-defying losses, "snatching defeat from the jaws of victory", and otherwise choking.

The tendency has been observed since at least the 1983 season and the phrase appeared in the 1984 edition of Chinook, the WSU yearbook. The concept was then popularized as "to Coug" by sportswriter John Blanchette in his Spokesman-Review column following the 1985 Cougars' 16–21 home loss to Arizona State in which they outgained the Sun Devils 445 yards to 217.

Couging it has been a part of WSU athletics culture for decades and the concept is frequently referenced in Pacific Northwest news media following a particularly embarrassing or surprising loss by the Cougars. Washington State University administrators have run internal and external campaigns to downplay the concept, and coaches, fans, and players have sought to reclaim the phrase via on-field success.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Angela guianensis
Angela guianensis is a species of praying mantis from the genus Angela, within the family Mantidae. It was first described by the entomologist Rehn in 1906.

Specimens can be found in French Guiana, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Colombia, Surinam, and Venezuela.

Mantidae
Mantidae is one of the largest families in the order of praying mantises, based on the type species Mantis religiosa; most genera are tropical or subtropical. Historically, this was the only family in the order, and many references still use the term "mantid" to refer to any mantis. Technically, however, "mantid" refers only to members of the family Mantidae, and not the numerous remaining families of mantises. Some of the most recent classifications have promoted a number of the mantid subfamilies to the rank of family, e.g. Iridopterygidae, Sibyllidae, Tarachodidae, Thespidae, and Toxoderidae, while other classifications have reduced the number of subfamilies without elevating them to higher rank.
2011 ASB Classic
The 2011 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 3 January until 8 January 2011. Unseeded Gréta Arn won the singles title.

2011 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women's professional tennis organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 2011 WTA Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments, the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Championships.
Phaloe cruenta
Phaloe cruenta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in South America, including Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Eupatorium inulaefolium, Artemisa absynthium, Heliothropium tiaridoides and Tournefortia brachiata.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
1960 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1960 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 9 October 1960, Mount Sion won the championship after a 5–09 to 2–05 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. This was their 16th championship title overall and their eighth title in succession.

1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board.

Ballytruckle won the championship.
2014–15 Monterrey Flash season
The 2014–15 Monterrey Flash season was the second season of the Monterrey Flash professional indoor soccer club. The Monterrey Flash, a Southern Division team in the Major Arena Soccer League, played their home games in Arena Monterrey in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

The team was led by owner Gerardo Guerra Lozano and head coach Genoni Martínez with assistant coach Marco Coria. The Flash were one of two Mexico-based teams (along with Saltillo Rancho Seco) participating in the MASL for the 2014–15 season. The team finished the regular season with an 18–2 record and qualified for the MASL playoffs. They defeated the Dallas Sidekicks and Las Vegas Legends to win the Western Conference Championship. They beat the Baltimore Blast in a best-of-three series for the league championship.

Dallas Sidekicks (2012–present)
The Dallas Sidekicks is an American professional indoor soccer team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex that competes in the Major Arena Soccer League (MASL). The team plays its home games in the Credit Union of Texas Event Center. They kicked off their inaugural season as a member of the Professional Arena Soccer League on November 3, 2012. The Sidekicks segued to the MASL for its inaugural season on October 25, 2014. The team took a leave of absence on September 19, 2017, for one season to re-organize. On July 24, 2018, it was announced that the Dallas Sidekicks would return for the 2018–2019 season.
Ivanovskaya Square
Ivanovskaya Square (Russian: Ивановская площадь) is the largest Kremlin square. Its name comes from the Ivan the Great Bell Tower.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, many government bodies were situated in the Ivanovskaya Square. It was the site of the Prikazy, the equivalent of today's Ministries. Yamskoi Prikaz, one of the offices, handled the delivery of private letters. Thus, it became the first postal address in Moscow. Court services and chanceries of various departments were also situated here.

At the end of the 1920s and early 1930s, the square was enlarged after the demolition of the Small Nicholas Palace and the Ascension Convent.

Today, the square is cobbled like most of the territory of the Kremlin. It offers a view of one of the three corners of the Kremlin Senate.

Ascension Convent
Ascension Convent, known as the Starodevichy Convent or Old Maidens' Convent until 1817 (Russian: Вознесенский монастырь, romanized: Voznesensky monastyr), was a  Russian Orthodox nunnery in the Moscow Kremlin which contained the burials of grand princesses, tsarinas, and other noble ladies from the Muscovite royal court. It was destroyed in 1929 on the orders of Joseph Stalin.
Isac Santos
Isac Viana Santos (born 13 December 1990) is a Brazilian professional volleyball player. He is a member of the Brazil national team, a silver medallist at the 2018 World Championship and the 2019 World Cup winner. At the professional club level, he plays for the Indonesian team, Jakarta STIN BIN.

2014 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2014 Men's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the sixth official edition of the men's volleyball tournament, played by eight teams over 19–23 February 2014 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The best placed team except 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship hosts Sada Cruzeiro qualified for the 2014 Club World Championship.
L'îlot de La Boisselle
50°01′07″N 2°41′28″E﻿ / ﻿50.0185°N 2.691°E﻿ / 50.0185; 2.691

L'îlot de La Boisselle (French: ilôt meaning "small island") is a small, 3.12-hectare (7.7-acre) historic site in the commune of Ovillers-la-Boisselle in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France. L'îlot was heavily fought over  during the First World War, when it was known as Granathof (German: "shell farm") to the Germans and as Glory Hole to British soldiers. The site is private property and opens to the public by appointment with Claudie Llewellyn (who lives in Montauban-de-Picardie: 06 11 30 76 35).

Montauban-de-Picardie
Montauban-de-Picardie (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tobɑ̃ də pikaʁdi], literally Montauban of Picardie; Picard: Montaubin-d'Picardie) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Its inhabitants are called Montalbanais in French.
Charles Aldridge
Charles William Aldridge (born 12 May 1947), known as Bill Aldridge, is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Canterbury during the 1973–74 season, and in three List A matches for Northern Districts, two in 1977–78 and one in 1978–79. He also played Hawke Cup cricket for Bay of Plenty.

Aldridge was born at Balclutha in Otago in 1947 and educated at Christchurch Boys' High School. Described as a "strong and lively" bowler, he made his representative debut for Canterbury against Northern Districts in December 1973, taking six wickets in the match.

Professionally Aldridge worked in the retail industry. His son, Graeme Aldridge, played professional cricket for Northern Districts and made three appearances in one-day cricket for the New Zealand national side.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
Kensington, Saskatoon
Kensington is a neighbourhood located in west Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada that began construction in 2013. Around 2028, Kensington will reach completion and have an estimated population of 8,300. Kensington will feature Saskatoon's first application of the fused grid street network.

Saskatoon City Council
Saskatoon City Council is the governing body of Saskatoon, the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It consists of ten councillors representing ten wards throughout the city and the mayor of Saskatoon, who is elected city-wide. The current council was elected to a four-year term on November 13, 2024.
A893 road
The A893 is a trunk road in the Scottish Highlands, located in the small town of Ullapool. It is approximately one-third of a mile (540 m) in length, and is named Shore Street for its entire diminutive length, along the shore of Loch Broom.

The A835 road arrives in Ullapool from the south-east, bearing the name Garve Road, and at the edge of the town, it turns right, to continue northwards. At this junction, where the A835 loses its trunk-road status, the A893 continues straight on, to the ferry terminal at the far end of Shore Street.

Despite its short length, Shore Street is given trunk road status because it links the A835 trunk road from the Inverness direction to the ferry terminal, from where Caledonian MacBrayne operate a roll-on/roll-off ferry to Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis.

Loch Broom
Loch Broom (Scottish Gaelic: Lochbraon, "loch of rain showers") is a sea loch located in northwestern Ross and Cromarty, in the former parish of Lochbroom, on the west coast of Scotland. The small town of Ullapool lies on the eastern shore of the loch.
Glossary of number theory
This is a glossary of concepts and results in number theory, a field of mathematics. Concepts and results in arithmetic geometry and diophantine geometry can be found in Glossary of arithmetic and diophantine geometry.

See also List of number theory topics.

Ideal class group
In mathematics, the ideal class group (or class group) of an  algebraic number field  is the quotient group  where  is the group of fractional ideals of the ring of integers of , and  is its subgroup of principal ideals. The class group is a measure of the extent to which unique factorization fails in the ring of integers of . The order of the group, which is finite, is called the class number of .

The theory extends to Dedekind domains and their fields of fractions, for which the multiplicative properties are intimately tied to the structure of the class group. For example, the class group of a Dedekind domain is trivial if and only if the ring is a unique factorization domain.
Af Barwaaqo
Afbarwaaqo or Afbarwaqo is a town located in Eastern Mudug region of Galmudug state of Somalia. It is located 176 km northeast of the provincial capital of Galkayo and is primarily inhabited by reer nimcaale .

Galmudug
Galmudug (Arabic: جلمدج; Italian: Galmudugh), officially Galmudug State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Galmudug ee Soomaaliya), is a Federal Member State in central Somalia, with its capital at Dhusamareb. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland state of Somalia, to the west by the Somali Region in Ethiopia, to the east by the Indian Ocean and to the south by the Hirshabelle state of Somalia.
Consisting of the Galgaduud region and Mudug region, Galmudug's name is derived from a conflation of the names of the two regions. Galmudug is a federal state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the provisional constitution of Somalia.
Herwig Schopper
Herwig Franz Schopper (28 February 1924 – 19 August 2025) was a German experimental physicist. He researched and taught at the University of Erlangen, the University of Mainz from 1958, the University of Karlsruhe from 1961, and the University of Hamburg from 1973. The same year, he became chairman of the directorate of the German DESY research centre. He was the director general of CERN for European research from 1981 to 1988. After retiring in Hamburg in 1989, he held functions such as president of the German Physical Society and president of the European Physical Society. He was a founding father of SESAME, an international laboratory in the Middle East, and of the Cyprus Institute.

Large Electron–Positron Collider
The Large Electron–Positron Collider  (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed. It was built at CERN, a multi-national centre for research in nuclear and particle physics near Geneva, Switzerland.

LEP collided electrons with positrons at energies that reached 209 GeV. It was a circular collider with a circumference of 27 kilometres built in a tunnel roughly 100 m (300 ft) underground and passing through Switzerland and France. LEP was used from 1989 until 2000. Around 2001 it was dismantled to make way for the Large Hadron Collider, which re-used the LEP tunnel. To date, LEP is the most powerful accelerator of leptons ever built.
Erlenbach bei Dahn
Erlenbach bei Dahn (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʁlənbax baɪ ˈdaːn], lit. 'Erlenbach near Dahn') is a municipality in Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

Above the village is Berwartstein Castle on one side of the Erlenbach stream and the outwork Little France on the other.

Berwartstein Castle
Berwartstein Castle (German: Burg Berwartstein) is a castle in the Wasgau, the southern part of the Palatinate Forest in the state Rhineland-Palatinate in southwestern Germany. It was one of the rock castles that were part of defences of the Palatinate during the Middle Ages. This castle is noted in the publication Works of Preservation of Monuments of Rheinland-Pfalz, which was assembled and edited for the Ministry of Education and Culture. This states that the three prime examples of rock castles in the region are Drachenfels, Altdahn and Berwartstein, castles where the stairs, passages and rooms are carved out of the rock to form part of the accommodation essential to the defence of the castle. Although the Berwartstein appears more complete when compared to the ruins of neighbouring castles, it is only a restoration of the original rock castle. It is the only castle in the Palatinate that was rebuilt and re-inhabited after its demolition.
2013–14 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Louisiana at Monroe in the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Warhawks, led by fourth year head coach Keith Richard, played their home games at Fant–Ewing Coliseum and were members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 10–17, 7–11 in Sun Belt play to finish in seventh place. They lost in the first round of the Sun Belt tournament to Texas–Arlington.

2014 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2014 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament was  held in New Orleans, LA from March 13 to March 16 at the Lakefront Arena. The tournament winner received an automatic bid into the 2014 NCAA tournament. The semifinal games were televised on the Sun Belt Network, with the championship game on ESPN, on Sunday March 16.
Shabnam Asthana
Shabnam Asthana is an Indian public relations expert, speaker, and entrepreneur. In 2012, she received the National Public Relations Hall of Fame award by PRCI from H. K. Dua for her contributions in the public relations field.

The Times Group
Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. (BCCL), d/b/a The Times Group, is an Indian media conglomerate based in Mumbai. Notable media properties owned and operated by the group include India's largest selling daily English-language newspaper The Times of India, television channels such as Times Now, the radio station network Radio Mirchi, and magazines Filmfare and Femina.

The Sahu Jain family owns a majority of the stake in the group. In May 2023, the Times Group was split into two separate business entities between brothers Vineet Jain and Samir Jain, such that its radio and broadcast properties would remain with Vineet Jain and its print properties would be under the ownership of Samir Jain.