hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Open GDF Suez
The 2013 Open GDF Suez was a women's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the Open GDF Suez (formerly known as the Open Gaz de France) and a Premier tournament on the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris, France from 26 January through 3 February 2013. Unseeded Mona Barthel won the singles title.

Open GDF Suez
Open GDF Suez, formerly Open Gaz de France, was a Premier level tennis tournament on the WTA Tour held in Paris. Held from 1993 till 2014, the tournament was played indoors, originally on carpet until 2000, then on hardcourts. The 2014 Open GDF Suez was the last edition.

Amélie Mauresmo holds the record for the most singles titles with three in 2001, 2006 and 2009.
West Bengal Judicial Service
West Bengal Judicial Service, popularly known as W.B.J.S. is the Judicial service of the Indian state of West Bengal. For the WBJS, Public Service Commission, West Bengal arranges competitive examinations in three phases time to time. These phases are Preliminary, Mains and Personality Test. This service was renamed after West Bengal Civil Service (Judicial).

West Bengal Civil Service
The West Bengal Civil Service (Executive) (Paśchimboṅgo Nāgarik Sēbā), commonly known as W.B.C.S. (Exe.), is the civil service of the Indian state of West Bengal. The Public Service Commission of West Bengal conducts competitive examinations for W.B.C.S. (Exe.) and other similar posts in three phases each year: Preliminary, Mains, and Personality Test.
L band (NATO)
The NATO L band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 40 to 60 GHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 7.5   and 5 mm) during the cold war period. Since 1992 frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line to NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).

However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for crises management planning, training, Electronic warfare activities, or in military operations, this system is still in use.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Martinez, Texas
Martinez is an unincorporated community in eastern Bexar County, Texas, United States. In 1990, its population was reported to be 75 residents. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,466. It is located within the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area.

Greater San Antonio
Greater San Antonio, officially designated San Antonio–New Braunfels, is an eight-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Texas defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The metropolitan area straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of the Texas Triangle. The official 2020 U.S. census showed the metropolitan area's population at 2,558,143—up from a reported 1,711,103 in 2000—making it the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5.1 million people.

San Antonio–New Braunfels is the third-largest metro area in Texas, after Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land.
1996 Arab Super Cup
The 1996 Arab Super Cup was an international club competition played by the winners and runners up of the Arab Club Champions Cup and Arab Cup Winners' Cup. It was the second edition of the tournament to be played. Espérance de Tunis were crowned champions, with Saudi Arabian outfit Al-Riyadh runner up. Also represented were Al-Hilal, also of Saudi Arabia. It is unclear why Al-Riyadh took part in the competition as they weren't represented as either champions or runners up of the Arab Club Champions Cup or Arab Cup Winners' Cup.

Arab Cup Winners' Cup
The Arab Cup Winners' Cup (Arabic: الكأس العربية للأندية الفائزة بالكؤوس) was a football competition between the winning clubs of national cup competitions in Arab nations. It started in 1989 and merged with the Arab Club Champions Cup and Arab Super Cup in 2002 to form the Arab Unified Club Championship.
Joe Scarborough
Charles Joseph Scarborough (/ˈskɑːrbʌroʊ/; born April 9, 1963) is an American television host and former politician who is the co-host of Morning Joe on MS NOW with his wife Mika Brzezinski and Willie Geist. He previously hosted Scarborough Country on the same network. A former member of the Republican Party, Scarborough was in the United States House of Representatives for Florida's 1st district from 1995 to 2001. He was appointed to the President's Council on the 21st Century Workforce in 2002 and was a visiting fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He was named in the 2011 Time 100 as one of the most influential people in the world.

United States House Committee on Armed Services
The U.S. House Committee on Armed Services, commonly known as the House Armed Services Committee or HASC, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is responsible for funding and oversight of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the United States Armed Forces, as well as substantial portions of the Department of Energy. Its regular legislative product is the National Defense Authorization Act, which has been passed by Congress and signed into law each year since 1962.
Clark Park
Clark Park is a municipal park in the Spruce Hill section of West Philadelphia in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Its 9.1 acres (3.7 ha) are bordered by 43rd and 45th streets, and by Baltimore and Woodland Avenues.

The park was established in 1895 on land donated to the city by banker and West Philadelphia developer Clarence Howard Clark, and was known in its early decades as "Clarence H. Clark Park".

Today, the park has a basketball court, playground, an open field, and many paths. It holds a life-sized 1890 sculpture of Charles Dickens, one of just three known statues of the author. It is home to the Shakespeare in Clark Park theatre company.

The park also hosts Philadelphia's largest year-round farmers' market, which runs once a week on Saturdays.

University City, Philadelphia
University City is the easternmost portion of West Philadelphia, encompassing several Philadelphia universities.  It is situated directly across the Schuylkill River from Center City.

The University of Pennsylvania was instrumental in coining the name University City as part of a 1950s urban renewal and gentrification effort.  University City is also home to Drexel University and the University City campus of Saint Joseph's University.

The eastern side of University City contains the Penn and Drexel campuses, several medical institutions, independent centers of scientific research, 30th Street Station, one of the nation's busiest passenger train stations, Cira Centre, and Cira Centre South. The western side contains Victorian and early 20th-century housing stock and is primarily residential.
Juan Alfonso de Polanco
Juan Alfonso de Polanco, SJ (24 December 1517 in Burgos – 20 December 1576 in Rome) was a Spanish Jesuit priest. From 1547 to 1556, he was the secretary of Ignatius of Loyola and one of his closest advisers. Later, he was the secretary of the first two superiors general of the Society of Jesus after Loyola, Diego Laynez, and Francis Borgia. He also chronicled the early history of the Jesuits.

Paul of Burgos
Paul of Burgos (Burgos, c. 1351 – 29 August 1435) was a Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, and became an archbishop, lord chancellor, and exegete. He is known also as Pablo de Santa María. His original name was Solomon ha-Levi.
Giant oil and gas fields
The world's 932 giant oil and gas fields are considered those with 500 million barrels (79,000,000 m3) of ultimately recoverable oil or gas equivalent. Geoscientists believe these giants account for 40 percent of the world's petroleum reserves. They are clustered in 27 regions of the world, with the largest clusters in the Persian Gulf and Western Siberian basin. The past three decades reflect declines in discoveries of giant fields. The years 2000–11 reflect an upturn in discoveries and appears on track to be the third best decade for discovery of giant oil and gas fields in the 150-year history of modern oil and gas exploration.

Recent work in tracking giant oil and gas fields follows the earlier efforts of the late exploration geologist Michel T. Halbouty, who tracked trends in giant discoveries from the 1960s to 2004.

Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
Oil and gas reserves denote discovered quantities of crude oil and natural gas from known fields that can be profitably produced/recovered from an approved development. Oil and gas reserves tied to approved operational plans filed on the day of reserves reporting are also sensitive to fluctuating global market pricing.  The remaining resource estimates (after the reserves have been accounted) are likely sub-commercial and may still be under appraisal with the potential to be technically recoverable once commercially established. Natural gas is frequently associated with oil directly and gas reserves are commonly quoted in barrels of oil equivalent (BOE).  Consequently, both oil and gas reserves, as well as resource estimates, follow the same reporting guidelines, and are referred to collectively hereinafter as oil & gas.
Wielen
Wielen is a small village in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany, and belongs to the Joint Community (Samtgemeinde) of Uelsen. Wielen has 614 inhabitants. Within the village is found the Lower County’s oldest maintained school, het Schöltien.

County of Bentheim (district)
County of Bentheim (German: Grafschaft Bentheim) is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the Dutch provinces of Overijssel and Drenthe, the district of Emsland, and the districts of  Steinfurt and Borken in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Agromyza nigripes
Agromyza nigripes is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae. It is found in the Palearctic.  The body is black. The  thorax and abdomen are shiny. There are 1 + 4 dorsocentral bristles and 7 rows of acrostical bristles. The wing veins are brown, yellow at the base. Long. : 2–3,5 mm. The larva makes serpentine mines in Medicago sativa leaves.

Agromyzidae
The Agromyzidae are a family of flies, commonly referred to as the leaf-miner flies for the feeding habits of their larvae, most of which are leaf miners on various plants. It includes roughly 2,500 species, they are small, some with wing length of 1 mm. The maximum size is 6.5 mm. Most species are in the range of 2 to 3 mm.
Onthophagus coenobita
Onthophagus coenobita is a species of dung beetle in the genus Onthophagus.

It typically feeds on dung, but also carrion and decaying fungi. It mainly feeds on human dung, but also dog, cattle, horse, goat, sheep and pig dung.

Onthophagus
Onthophagus is a genus of dung beetles in the Onthophagini tribe of the wider scarab beetle family, Scarabaeidae. It is the most species-rich and widespread genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae (the 'true' dung beetles), with a global distribution.
Goodness factor
The goodness factor is a metric developed by Eric Laithwaite to determine the 'goodness' of an electric motor. Using it he was able to develop efficient magnetic levitation induction motors.

where

G is the goodness factor (factors above 1 are likely to be efficient)

Ae, Am are the cross sections of the electric and magnetic circuits

le, lm  are the lengths of the electric and magnetic circuits

μ is the permeability of the core

ω is the angular frequency the motor is driven at

σ is the conductivity of the conductor

From this he showed that the most efficient motors are likely to be relatively large. However, the equation only directly relates to non-permanent magnet motors.

Laithwaite showed that for a simple induction motor this gave:

where p is the pole pitch arc length, ρr is the surface resistivity of the rotor and g is the air gap.

Magnetic levitation
Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force and any other forces.

The two primary issues involved in magnetic levitation are lifting forces: providing an upward force sufficient to counteract gravity, and stability: ensuring that the system does not spontaneously slide or flip into a configuration where the lift is neutralized.

Magnetic levitation is used for maglev trains, contactless melting, magnetic bearings, and for product display purposes.
1934 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1934 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 6, 1934. Incumbent Republican Senator Lynn Frazier, first elected in 1922, ran for re-election to a third term. He easily won the Republican primary and faced Grand Forks City Commissioner Henry Holt in the general election. Despite significant Democratic gains nationwide, Frazier easily defeated Holt to win re-election.

1922 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1922 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 7, 1922. Incumbent Republican Senator Porter J. McCumber sought re-election, but was defeated in the Republican primary by Lynn Frazier, the former Governor of North Dakota, who had been recalled in 1921. In the general election, Frazier faced former State Representative James Francis Thaddeus O'Connor, the Democratic nominee. Even as Republicans did poorly nationwide, Frazier narrowly defeated O'Connor to hold the seat.
Piracy in the Caribbean
Piracy in the Caribbean refers to the historical period of widespread piracy that occurred in the Caribbean Sea. Primarily between the 1650s and 1730s, where pirates frequently attacked and robbed merchant ships sailing through the region, often using bases or islands like Port Royal. The era of piracy in the Caribbean began in the 1500s and phased out in the 1830s after the navies of the nations of Western Europe and North America with colonies in the Caribbean began hunting and prosecuting pirates. The period during which pirates were most successful was from the 1650s to the 1730s. Piracy flourished in the Caribbean because of the existence of pirate seaports such as Fort Saint Louis in Martinique, Port Royal in Jamaica, Castillo de la Real Fuerza in Cuba, Tortuga in Haiti, and Nassau in the Bahamas. Piracy in the Caribbean was part of a larger historical phenomenon of piracy, as it existed close to major trade and exploration routes in almost all the five oceans.

Captain Charles Johnson
Captain Charles Johnson was the British author of the  1724 book A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates, whose identity remains a mystery. No record exists of a captain by this name, and "Captain Charles Johnson" is generally considered a pen name for one of London's writer-publishers. Some scholars have suggested that the author was actually Daniel Defoe, but this is disputed.

A prime source for the biographies of many well known pirates of the era, Johnson gave an almost mythical status to the more colourful characters, and it is likely that the author used considerable artistic licence in his accounts of pirate conversations. First appearing in Charles Rivington's shop in London, the book sold so well that by 1726, an enlarged fourth edition had appeared. English naval historian David Cordingly writes: "It has been said, and there seems no reason to question this, that Captain Johnson created the modern conception of pirates."
2024 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 2024 Hawthorn Football Club season was the club's 100th season in the Australian Football League and 123rd overall, the 25th season playing home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the 24th season playing home games at the University of Tasmania Stadium and the 3rd season under head coach Sam Mitchell, and the 2nd season with James Sicily as captain.

James Sicily
James Sicily (born 6 January 1995) is a professional Australian rules footballer and the current co-captain of the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), alongside Jai Newcombe.
Schwandorf–Furth im Wald railway
The Schwandorf–Furth im Wald railway is a 67 km long mainline railway in the German state of Bavaria. It runs from Schwandorf via Cham to Furth im Wald. It is part of a long-distance connection between Germany and the Czech Republic.

Schwandorf station
Schwandorf station is the second most important regional transport hub in the Upper Palatinate province of Bavaria after Regensburg Hauptbahnhof, and one of the two working railway stations in the town of Schwandorf. It is classified as a category 3 station by Deutsche Bahn.
Antioch High School shooting
On January 22, 2025, a school shooting occurred at Antioch High School in the Antioch neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee, United States. 17-year-old Solomon Henderson opened fire inside the school's cafeteria, killing one student and injuring another student before he committed suicide.

Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools
Metro Nashville Public Schools (MNPS) is a school district that serves the city of Nashville, Tennessee and Davidson County. As of the 2020–21 school year more than 80,000 students were enrolled in the district's 162 schools.

Schools in the MNPS district include, but not limited too, schools like, MEIGS Magnet Middle School, Rose Park Math and Science Magnet Middle School, Hume Fogg Magnet High School, and MLK Magnet High School.
Atlantic Geoscience Society
The Atlantic Geoscience Society (AGS; French: Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique), is a scientific association for earth scientists working or interested in the Atlantic provinces. The membership comprises professional geologists in industry and academia, students, and interested members of the public. The society is affiliated with the Geological Association of Canada, the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, and is a member of the Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences.

The society publishes the geological journal Atlantic Geology.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Al Manara International Conference Center
Al Manara International Conference Center is a conference center located in New Cairo, Egypt. The complex houses 13 different halls. The main part of the complex is the theater which can host up to 1670 guests seated across the main hall. This number includes VIP seats, handicap seats, the upper balcony and 4 VIP cabins. The theater was home to the Opening and Closing ceremonies of the 2017 Cairo International Film Festival.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Wales at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Wales competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand, from 24 January – 3 February 1990.

Wales came 6th overall with 10 gold, 3 silver and 12 bronze medals. However, the medal count was somewhat inflated by 12 weightlifting medals won by 6 competitors because of the new system of awarding three medals per weight, in the snatch, clean and jerk and the overall lifts.

Weightlifting at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Weightlifting at the 1990 Commonwealth Games was the 11th appearance of Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Auckland, New Zealand, from 24 January to 3 February 1990. The competition featured contests in ten weight classes.

The weightlifting events were held at the Carter Holt Pavilion (hall 2) on the Auckland Showgrounds. The General Assembly voted to allow three gold medals per weight category (snatch, clean and jerk and overall) to match the world championships format. Thirty gold medals were available in ten weight categories and resulted in the odd scenario where one athlete could win three gold medals in the same event.

India topped the weightlifting medal table by virtue of winning 12 gold medals.
Signoria of Venice
The Signoria of Venice (Serenissima Signoria) was the supreme body of government of the Republic of Venice. The older Commune of Venice was replaced by the Signoria from 1423 on, being later officially adopted in the Promissione Ducale by Cristoforo Moro (12 May 1462). It constituted a center of power which included the doge's power.

The Signoria can be thought of as the combination of the Doge and the other persons commissioned to collaborate and to rule with him. With the passage of time these functionaries became copartners.

Promissione ducale
The promissione ducale (lit. 'ducal promise'; Latin: promissio domini ducis) was an oath of office sworn by the incoming Doge of Venice. It contained not only an oath of allegiance to the Republic of Venice, but also spelled out the constitutional limitations to the Doge's power, which he swore to abide by.
2024 24 Hours of Daytona
The 2024 24 Hours of Daytona (formally known as the 2024 Rolex 24 at Daytona) was an endurance sports car race sanctioned by International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at Daytona International Speedway combined road course in Daytona Beach, Florida on January 27–28, 2024. The event was the 62nd running of the 24 Hours of Daytona since its inception in 1962, and the first of 11 races across multiple classes in the 2024 IMSA SportsCar Championship, as well as the first of five rounds in the 2024 Michelin Endurance Cup. The 2024 race was shortened due to an officiating error causing the race to end 1 minute 35.277 seconds short of the scheduled 24 hours.

Action Express Racing
Action Express Racing (AXR) dba Cadillac Whelen for the 2025 season is a sports car racing team that currently competes in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. The team is owned by NASCAR CEO Jim France and run by Bob Johnson and former NASCAR champion crew chief Gary Nelson. Based in Denver, North Carolina, the team currently fields the No. 31 Whelen Engineering Cadillac V-LMDh for Jack Aitken, Earl Bamber and Frederik Vesti.