hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laguna City
Laguna City (Chinese: 麗港城) is a large-scale private-housing estates built in Sai Tso Wan, Kwun Tong District, in eastern Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was developed jointly by Cheung Kong Holdings and Hutchison Whampoa Property and completed in the early 1990s.

Private housing estates in Hong Kong
Private housing estate is a term used in Hong Kong for private mass housing—a housing estate built by a private developer, as opposed to a public housing estate built by the Hong Kong Housing Authority or the Hong Kong Housing Society. It is usually characterised by a cluster of high-rise buildings, with its own market or shopping mall. Mei Foo Sun Chuen, built by Mobil, is the earliest (1965) and largest by number of blocks (99).

Early real estate development in Hong Kong followed the urban street pattern: single blocks packed along streets, most managed independently, with quality varying from block to block. Private housing estates, on the other hand, provide integrated management throughout the whole estate, attracting more affluent residents.

Mei Foo Sun Chuen, Taikoo Shing, Whampoa Garden, and City One Shatin are early notable examples. More projects followed, and the idea became widely accepted as the middle class of Hong Kong emerged.
Dartmouth–New Hampshire football rivalry
The Dartmouth–New Hampshire football rivalry, referred to as the Granite Bowl, is an American college football rivalry game played between the Dartmouth College Big Green and University of New Hampshire Wildcats. The two teams first met in 1901 and have played regularly since then. The longest gap between games was 22 years, between 1934 and 1956. Dartmouth was initially dominant, winning 17 of the first 19 games. Then New Hampshire won 18 of the next 19 games. New Hampshire leads the series 21–20–2, with the most recent game played in 2025.

New Hampshire Wildcats football
The New Hampshire Wildcats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of New Hampshire. The Wildcats compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA). The team plays its home games at the 11,000 seat Wildcat Stadium in Durham, New Hampshire, and are led by incoming head coach Sean Goldrich.

The school has fielded a varsity football team annually since 1893, with the exception of one year during World War I and two years during World War II. Bill Bowes, who served as head coach from 1972 to 1998, is an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame.
Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline
Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline (Gly-Pro-Hyp, Tripeptide-29) is a tripeptide that is derived from collagen. Repeating units of Gly-Pro-Hyp form a major part of collagen protein, and Gly-Pro-Hyp can be readily produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen. Along with other collagen-derived small peptides such as the dipeptides Hyp-Gly and Pro-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Hyp is widely used in skincare products and sometimes taken internally as a dietary supplement, as it is readily absorbed into the skin and stimulates collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, which aids wound healing and may help to reduce signs of aging. Dietary supplements marketed as containing "collagen" often actually contain low molecular weight collagen peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of collagen, as they are better absorbed into the body than collagen itself.

Tripeptide
A tripeptide is a peptide derived from three amino acids joined by two or sometimes three peptide bonds. As for proteins, the function of peptides is determined by the constituent amino acids and their sequence. In terms of scientific investigations, the dominant tripeptide is glutathione (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine), which serves many roles in many forms of life.
2010 BH Tennis Open International Cup
The 2010 BH Tennis Open International Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on Hard courts. This was the nineteenth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Belo Horizonte, Brazil between 13 and 19 September 2010.

BH Tennis Open International Cup
The BH Tennis Open International Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 1992 until 2011.
Isaac R. Trimble
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (May 15, 1802 – January 2, 1888) was a United States Army officer, a civil engineer, a prominent railroad construction superintendent and executive, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in Virginia, lived in Maryland for much of his adult life, and returned to Virginia in 1861 after Maryland did not secede. Trimble is most famous for his role as a division commander in the assault known as Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg. He was wounded severely in the leg during that battle, and was left on the field. He spent most of the remainder of the war as a prisoner, and was finally paroled on April 16, 1865, one week after Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia following the Battle of Appomattox Court House.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Tapola
Tapola is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jarkko Tapola (born 1944), Finnish sprinter

Jussi Tapola (born 1974), Finnish ice hockey coach

Mervi Tapola (1954–2019), heiress

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Dorothy Pilley Richards
Dorothy Pilley Richards (16 September 1894 – 24 September 1986) was a prominent mountaineer. She attended Queenwood Ladies' College and went on a climbing tour with fellow student Bryher in Wales and around this time joined the Fell & Rock Climbing Club, later helping found the Pinnacle Club in 1921.

In the 1920s, she climbed extensively in the Alps, Britain, and North America after her marriage to educator, literary critic and rhetorician, I.A. Richards.

In 1928, she made the celebrated first ascent of the north north west ridge of the Dent Blanche in the Swiss Alps, with Joseph Georges, Antoine Georges and her husband, which she described in her well-regarded memoir, Climbing Days (1935) – republished by Canongate Books in 2024.

Pilley's great-great-nephew Dan Richards has written a biography of her, published by Faber and Faber in 2016 and also titled Climbing Days.

Bryher (novelist)
Annie Winifred Ellerman (2 September 1894 – 28 January 1983), known by the pen name Bryher, was an English novelist, poet, memoirist, magazine editor, and a member of the Ellerman ship-owning family.

She was a major figure of the international set in Paris in the 1920s, using her fortune to help many struggling writers. With her lover H.D. and the Scottish writer Kenneth Macpherson, she launched the film magazine Close Up, which introduced Sergei Eisenstein’s work to British viewers. From her home in Switzerland, she helped to evacuate Jews from Nazi Germany, and then became an historical novelist.
Dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery
The dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery (posterior radial carpal artery) is a small vessel which arises beneath the extensor tendons of the thumb; crossing the carpus transversely toward the medial border of the hand, it anastomoses with the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery.

The dorsal branch of the radial artery also branches into the dorsalis pollicis artery; more distally it branches into the princeps pollicis artery, and anastomoses with perforating branches of the deep palmar arch

Dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery
The dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery arises from the ulnar artery immediately above the pisiform bone, and winds backward beneath the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris; it passes across the dorsal surface of the carpus beneath the extensor tendons, to anastomose with a corresponding branch of the radial artery.

Immediately after its origin, it gives off a small branch, which runs along the ulnar side of the fifth metacarpal bone, and supplies the ulnar side of the dorsal surface of the little finger.
Phidias (crater)
Phidias is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Phidias is named for the Greek artist Phidias, who lived from 490 to 430 BCE.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Nearby craters include Balzac to the east and Tyagaraja to the south.

Balzac (crater)
Balzac is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Balzac is named for the French writer Honoré de Balzac, who lived from 1799 to 1850.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Balzac is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.

Hollows are present within Balzac.
NGC 2608
NGC 2608 (also known as Arp 12) is a barred spiral galaxy located 93 million light-years away in the constellation Cancer (the Crab). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 12 March 1785. It spans 62,000 light-years, approximately 60% of the Milky Way's diameter. It is considered a grand design spiral galaxy and is classified as SB(s)b, meaning that the galaxy's arms wind moderately (neither tightly nor loosely) around the prominent central bar.

It was classified under "galaxies with split arms" in the 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies by Halton Arp, who noted that the "nucleus may be double or superimposed star".
NGC 2608 is now thought to be a pair of interacting galaxies.

Cancer (constellation)
Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Cancer is a medium-size constellation with an area of 506 square degrees and its stars are rather faint, its brightest star Beta Cancri having an apparent magnitude of 3.5. It contains ten stars with known planets, including 55 Cancri, which has five: one super-Earth and four gas giants, one of which is in the habitable zone and as such has expected temperatures similar to Earth. At the (angular) heart of this sector of our celestial sphere is Praesepe (Messier 44), one of the closest open clusters to Earth and a popular target for amateur astronomers.
Nomansland, Devon
Nomansland is a hamlet in Devon, England, with a population of about 150. It is eight miles west of Tiverton. It is so named because it was at one time a remote extra-parochial area where the Parishes of Witheridge, Thelbridge and Cruwys Morchard met (as they still do, but Nomansland is no longer extra-parochial). The hamlet is administered by Mid Devon District Council but is very close to the boundary between the Mid Devon District Council and North Devon District Council. It is in the parliamentary constituency of Central Devon.

There is a pub, the Mount Pleasant Inn, in the hamlet. The pub was listed for sale in 2024.

Mid Devon
50°54′00″N 3°29′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.900°N 3.490°W﻿ / 50.900; -3.490

Mid Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. The council is based in the district's largest town of Tiverton. The district also contains the towns of Bampton, Bradninch, Crediton and Cullompton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Blackdown Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Devon, Teignbridge, West Devon, Torridge, North Devon and Somerset.
Fundamental Epistle
The Fundamental Epistle or Letter of Foundation (Latin: Epistola Fundamenti) was one of the sacred writings of the Manichaean religion, written by the founder Mani (c. 216–276 CE), originally in Syriac. According to religious scholar Timothy Pettipiece, "the exact nature of this writing's relationship with the Manichaean canon remains ambiguous". Since none of the original Syriac writings of Manichaeism remain, only translations of small sections of this book, made by either Manichaeans or anti-Manichaeans, are extant. One of the most well-known references to this book is found in the writings of Saint Augustine (354–430 CE), who, before converting to Christianity, was a Manichaean "hearer" for a number of years. In two of his anti-Manichaean books, he quotes a few paragraphs of the Fundamental Epistle.

Manichaean scripture
Manichaean scripture includes nine main books: the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, all personally written by Mani in Syriac, the Shabuhragan written by Mani in Middle Persian, and the Arzhang, a series of illustrations painted by Mani.

The Kephalaia are not scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture.
Chhedagad
Chhedagad (Nepali: छेडागाड) is an urban municipality located in the Jajarkot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 284.20 square kilometres (109.73 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality, as of the 2011 Nepal census is 35,295 individuals. The municipality is divided into 13 wards in total.

On the 10 March 2017, the Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015, Chedagad municipality came into existence merging following former VDCs: Salma, Dasera, Suwanauli, Pajaru, Jhapra and Karkigaun. The headquarters of the municipality are located at Karkigaun

Salma, Nepal
Salma is a former village development committee in Jajarkot District in the Karnali Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4575 people living in 834 individual households.
SS Mona's Queen (1934)
TSS (RMS) Mona's Queen (III) No. 145308, was a ship built for the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1934. The steamer, which was the third vessel in the company's history to bear the name, was one of five ships to be specially commissioned by the company between 1927 and 1937. They were replacements for the various second-hand steamers that had been purchased to replace the company's losses during the First World War. However, the life of the Mona's Queen proved to be short: six years after being launched she was sunk by a sea mine during the Dunkirk evacuation on 29 May 1940.

Cammell Laird
Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, when that side of the business was separated and became part of the Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage & Wagon Company.
Qingnianhu Park
Qingnianhu Park (Chinese: 青年湖; pinyin: Qīngnián Hú; literally "Youth Lake") is a city park in Beijing, situated in Dongcheng District, west of Andingmenwai Street. The park was built in 1960 and covers an area of 170,000 square metres (1,800,000 sq ft). Qingnianhu, or Youth Lake, accounts for about a third of the park's area. The lake was dug by teenage volunteers organized by the local government in 1958. Public transportation can be used to get to the park, which lies just outside Ditan station served by bus lines 18, 104, and 108. An entrance fee of 2 yuan is required as of 2012.

Temple of Earth
The Temple of the Earth (simplified Chinese: 地坛; traditional Chinese: 地壇; pinyin: Dìtán) in Beijing, China, is located in the northern part of central Beijing, around the Andingmen area and just outside Beijing's second ring road. It is also located just a few hundred yards north of Yonghe Temple. At 42.7 hectares (106 acres), it is the second largest of the five Temples of Beijing behind only the Temple of Heaven.

It was built in 1530 during the Ming dynasty. Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties would attend the annual summer solstice ritual of offerings to the heaven.

The Temple of Heaven in Chongwenmen lies opposite it in the southern end of the old city.
Muireann Ní Bhrolcháin
Dr Muireann Ní Bhrolcháin (15 May 1955 – 14 April 2015) was an Irish academic and activist. She was a historian of Early Irish literature, history, and genealogy, with particular interest in Irish women.

Book of Leinster
The Book of Leinster (Middle Irish: Lebor Laignech pronounced [ˈl̠ʲeβəɾ ˈl̪aɣʲnʲəx], LL) is a medieval Irish manuscript compiled c. 1160 and now kept in Trinity College Dublin. It was formerly known as the Lebor na Nuachongbála ("Book of Nuachongbáil"), a monastic site known today as Oughaval.

In 2023, Trinity College started an extensive restoration project to make the manuscript available for public viewing.

Fragments of the book, such as the Martyrology of Tallaght, are in the collection of University College Dublin.
2018 Guzzini Challenger
The 2018 Guzzini Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Recanati, Italy between 2 and 8 July 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Sanbo Kyodan
Sanbo Kyodan (三宝教団, Sanbō Kyōdan; literally "Three Treasures Religious Organization") is a lay Zen school derived from both the Soto (Caodong) and the Rinzai (Linji) traditions. It was renamed Sanbo-Zen International in 2014. The term Sanbo Kyodan has often been used to refer to the Harada-Yasutani School. However, a number of Yasutani's students have started their own teaching lines that are independent from Sanbo Kyodan. Strictly speaking, Sanbo Kyodan refers only to the organization that is now known as Sanbo-Zen International.

Rinzai school
The Rinzai school (Japanese: 臨済宗, romanized: Rinzai-shū, simplified Chinese: 临济宗; traditional Chinese: 臨濟宗; pinyin: Línjì zōng), named after Linji Yixuan (Romaji: Rinzai Gigen, died 866 CE) is one of three sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism, along with Sōtō and Ōbaku. The Chinese Linji school of Chan Buddhism was first transmitted to Japan by Myōan Eisai (1141–1215). Contemporary Japanese Rinzai is derived entirely from the Ōtōkan lineage transmitted through Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769), who is a major figure in the revival of the Rinzai tradition.
Sports Grounds Safety Authority
The Sports Grounds Safety Authority (SGSA) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom funded by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). Until 2011 it was known as the Football Licensing Authority, having been set up under the Football Spectators Act 1989. The SGSA was established through the Sports Grounds Safety Authority Act 2011, which received royal assent in July 2011 and commenced on 1 November 2011.

The aim of the SGSA is to ensure that all spectators regardless of age, gender, ethnic origin, disability, or the team that they support are able to attend sports grounds in safety, comfort and security.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Juan de Fuca Ridge
The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a mid-ocean spreading center and divergent plate boundary located off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America, named after Juan de Fuca. The ridge separates the Pacific Plate to the west and the Juan de Fuca Plate to the east. It runs generally northward, with a length of approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi). The ridge is a section of what remains from the larger Pacific-Farallon Ridge which used to be the primary spreading center of this region, driving the Farallon Plate underneath the North American Plate through the process of plate tectonics. Today, the Juan de Fuca Ridge pushes the Juan de Fuca Plate underneath the North American plate, forming the Cascadia Subduction Zone.

Pacific–Farallon Ridge
The Pacific-Farallon Ridge was a spreading ridge during the Late Cretaceous that extended 10,000 km in length and separated the Pacific Plate to the west and the Farallon Plate to the east. It ran south from the Pacific-Farallon-Kula triple junction at 51°N to the Pacific-Farallon-Antarctic triple junction at 43°S. As the Farallon Plate subducted obliquely under the North American Plate, the Pacific-Farallon Ridge approached and eventually made contact with the North American Plate about 30 million years ago. On average, this ridge had an equatorial spreading rate of 13.5 cm per year until its eventual collision with the North American Plate. In present day, the Pacific-Farallon Ridge no longer formally exists since the Farallon Plate has been broken up or subducted beneath the North American Plate, and the ridge has segmented, having been mostly subducted as well. The most notable remnant of the Pacific-Farallon Ridge is the 4000 km Pacific-Nazca segment of the East Pacific Rise.
2023 Tennis Open Karlsruhe
The 2023 Tennis Open Karlsruhe was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Karlsruhe, Germany between 3 and 9 July 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.