hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bassum
Bassum (German pronunciation: [ˈbasʊm] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Bassen) is a town in the district of Diepholz, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 35 km northeast of Diepholz, and 25 km south of Bremen.

Diepholz (district)
Diepholz (German pronunciation: [ˈdiːphɔlts]) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northeast and clockwise) the districts of Verden, Nienburg, Minden-Lübbecke (in North Rhine-Westphalia), Osnabrück, Vechta and Oldenburg, and by the cities of Delmenhorst and Bremen. The most populous municipality is Stuhr at the border to Bremen.
Gnorm Gnat
Gnorm Gnat is an American gag-a-day comic strip by Jim Davis centered on a community of anthropomorphic insects, with the title character being the protagonist. The strip appeared weekly in The Pendleton Times in Pendleton, Indiana, the only newspaper to publish the strip, from 1973 to 1975, but failure to take the character to mainstream success led Davis to instead create the comic strip Garfield. Mike Peters, creator of Mother Goose and Grimm, has said that Gnorm Gnat is now a part of "cartoon folklore" as a failure that paved the way for major success.

Jon Arbuckle
Jonathan Q. "Jon" Arbuckle is a character from the Garfield comic strip by Jim Davis. He also appears in the animated television series Garfield and Friends and The Garfield Show, two live-action/animated feature films, and four fully animated films.

Jon is the owner of Garfield, whom he is frequently yet unknowingly mocked by, and Odie. A cartoonist by trade, he is largely presented as a comical, bumbling geek who is socially oblivious, especially when it comes to women.
Cincinnati Subway
The Cincinnati Subway is a partially completed rapid transit system beneath the streets of Cincinnati, Ohio. Although the system only grew to a little more than 2 miles (3.2 km) in length, its derelict tunnels and stations make up the largest abandoned subway tunnel system in the United States. Construction began in the early 1900s as an upgrade to the Cincinnati streetcar system, but was abandoned due to escalating costs, the collapse of funding amidst political bickering, auto industry lobbying against public transit projects, and the Great Depression during the 1920s and 1930s.

In 1928, the construction of the subway system in Cincinnati was indefinitely canceled, and there are no plans to revive the project. Numerous efforts and proposals have been made since the 1930s to repurpose the existing tunnels for transportation projects, infrastructure, storage facilities, and commercial or community hubs.

Interstate 75 in Ohio
Interstate 75 (I-75) runs from Cincinnati to Toledo by way of Dayton in the US state of Ohio. The highway enters the state running concurrently with I-71 from Kentucky on the Brent Spence Bridge over the Ohio River and into the Bluegrass region. I-75 continues along the Mill Creek Expressway northward to the Butler County line just north of I-275. From there, the freeway runs into the Miami Valley and then passes through the Great Black Swamp before crossing into Michigan.
Ticengo
Ticengo (Soresinese: Tisènch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Ticengo borders the following municipalities: Casaletto di Sopra, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Romanengo, Salvirola, Soncino.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Karishma Rai
Karishma Rai is an Indian politician from Bihar. She is a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Parsa Assembly constituency Saran district. She won the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal. She contested on RJD and defeated sitting MLA Chhote Lal Ray who defected from RJD to the Janata Dal (United) party. She won by a margin of 25,772 votes.

Chhote Lal Ray
Chhote Lal Ray is an Indian politician and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly, representing the Parsa Assembly constituency in the Saran district in the state of Bihar. He is a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal party.
Battle of Fancheng
The Battle of Fancheng or the Battle of Fan Castle was fought between the warlords Liu Bei and Cao Cao in 219 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. It is named after Fancheng in present-day Xiangyang, Hubei, a fortress that played a significant role in the battle.

Xuchang
Xuchang (simplified Chinese: 许昌; traditional Chinese: 許昌; postal: Hsuchang) is a prefecture-level city in central Henan province in Central China. It is bordered by the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the northwest, Kaifeng to the northeast, Zhoukou to the east, Luohe to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest.

Its population was 4,307,488 inhabitants at the final 2010 census, of whom 1,952,666 lived in the built-up (or "metro") area made up of Weidu and Jian'an districts (named from Emperor Xian of Han's era name) and Changge City largely being urbanized.  In 2007, the city was named as one of China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing
The University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing is the medical school of the University of Glasgow, Scotland, and is one of the largest in Europe, offering a 5-year MBChB degree course. The School of Medicine uses lecture-based learning, problem-based learning and Glasgow's case-based learning.

The medical school in 2025 was ranked 3rd in the UK by The Times University Guide, 7th by the Complete University Guide, and 13th by The Guardian University Guide. It also ranked 50th in the world by both the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World University Rankings in the same year.

Tobias Smollett
Tobias George Smollett (bapt. 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish writer and surgeon. He was best known for writing picaresque novels such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748), The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), which influenced later generations of British novelists, including Charles Dickens. His novels were liberally altered by contemporary printers; an authoritative edition of each was edited by Dr O. M. Brack Jr and others.
21873 Jindřichůvhradec
21873 Jindřichůvhradec (provisional designation 1999 UU3) is a dark Hygiean asteroid and relatively slower-than average rotator from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5.0 miles) in diameter.

It was discovered by Czech astronomers Jana Tichá and Miloš Tichý at the South Bohemian Kleť Observatory on 29 October 1999, and named for the Czech town of Jindřichův Hradec.

Jana Tichá
Jana Tichá (born 1965 in České Budějovice) is a Czech astronomer and discoverer of minor planets. She studied at the University of Economics in Prague and graduated in 1987. In 1992 she was selected for the position of a director of the Kleť Observatory.

She specializes in discoveries of asteroids and comets especially near-Earth objects (NEOs). The Minor Planet Center credits her with the discovery of 104 numbered minor planets during 1995–2003. She is the chair of the IAU Committee on Small Body Nomenclature (CSBN), which is responsible for approving names of asteroids. She works together with her husband Miloš Tichý at Kleť.

In her country she is also well known for her popularization activities. She is major contributor to the Czech web servers about asteroids and comets.

On 3 May 1996 the asteroid 5757 Tichá was named in her honour (M.P.C. 27128), while she named her discovery, the main-belt asteroid 8307 Peltan, after several members of her family.
Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve
Huckleberry Botanic Regional Preserve is a 241 acres (0.98 km2) regional park and nature reserve in the Oakland Hills, in the eastern East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area) region of the San Francisco Bay Area of California. It is within Alameda and Contra Costa Counties.  It is a park within the East Bay Regional Parks District system. The Preserve is named after the California Huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum) which grows abundantly within its habitat.

California mixed evergreen forest
California mixed evergreen forest in the Santa Cruz Mountains

California mixed evergreen forest is a plant community found in the mountain ranges of California and southwestern Oregon.

The Mixed evergreen forest plant community is native to the Northern and Southern California Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada of central and northern California; the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges of southern California; and the southwestern Oregon Coast Ranges.

California mixed evergreen forests occur in ecoregions of the California Floristic Province, including in areas of the California chaparral and woodlands and its sub-ecoregions, Klamath-Siskiyou Mountains forests, Northern California coastal forests, and Sierra Nevada lower montane forest. The mixed evergreen forests of each ecoregion have slightly different species composition.
Office of War Mobilization
The Office of War Mobilization (OWM) was an independent agency of the United States government formed during World War II to coordinate all government agencies involved in the war effort.  It was formed on May 27, 1943, by Executive Order 9347.

It was headed by James F. Byrnes, a former U.S. Senator and Supreme Court Justice. Byrnes had previously been head of the Office of Economic Stabilization, which controlled prices and taxes. The OWM supervised the OES, and also the War Production Board and other agencies. It was re-titled the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion on October 3, 1944.

Byrnes' authority as head of the OWM was so far-reaching, he was dubbed the "assistant President".

Office of Economic Stabilization
The Office of Economic Stabilization was established within the United States Office for Emergency Management on October 3, 1942, pursuant to the Stabilization Act of 1942, as a means to control inflation during World War II through regulations on price, wage, and salary increases.
Gaston du Bousquet
Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910) was a French engineer who was Chief of Motive Power (ingénieur en chef traction) of the Chemin de Fer du Nord, designer of locomotives and professor at École centrale de Lille.

Alfred de Glehn
Alfred George de Glehn (15 September 1848 – 8 June 1936) was a notable English-born French designer of steam locomotives and an engineer with the Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (SACM). His steam engines of the 1890s combined elegance, high speed, and efficiency. De Glehn's express locomotives were first used on the Nord Railway and on the boat trains from Calais to Paris, where they impressed passengers with their speed.

He invented the Glehn system of compounding, and De Glehn types were built in large numbers in France, and were also built in smaller numbers in Belgium, Germany, New Zealand, and Russia, see Compound locomotive. Compounding lost favour from the 1900s, being replaced by superheating. However André Chapelon rebuilt many of the French De Glehn compounds from 1929 onwards.
Thayetkon, Manlaung Paypin
Thayetkon  (Burmese: သရက်ကုန်း) is a village in north-central Banmauk Township, Katha District, in the Sagaing Region of north-central Myanmar. It is about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest along the Katha-Indaw-Mansi road from Mansi, Myanmar in the Uyu River basin. It is part of the Manlaung Paypin village tract.

Indaw
Indaw (Shan: ဝဵင်းဢၢင်းတေႃႇ, Burmese: အင်းတော) is a town in northern Myanmar and is the principal town of Indaw Township, Katha District, Sagaing Region. It is located 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of Indaw Lake. The rail junction at Naba is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north-east of the town.
Fostex
Foster Denki KK (フォスター電機株式会社, Fosutā Denki kabushiki kaisha) is an electronics company that manufactures loudspeakers and audio equipment for other companies or sells them under the trade name Fostex. It is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Dolby noise-reduction system
A Dolby noise-reduction system (Dolby NR) is one of a series of noise reduction systems developed by Dolby Laboratories for use in analog audio tape recording. The first was Dolby A, a professional broadband noise reduction system for recording studios that was first demonstrated in 1965, but the best-known is Dolby B (introduced in 1968), a sliding band system for the consumer market, which helped make high fidelity practical on cassette tapes, which used a relatively noisy tape size and speed. It is common on high-fidelity stereo tape players and recorders to the present day. Of the noise reduction systems, Dolby A and Dolby SR were developed for professional use. Dolby B, C, and S were designed for the consumer market. Aside from Dolby HX, all the Dolby variants work by companding: compressing the dynamic range of the sound during recording, and expanding it during playback.
Pulse wave velocity
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the velocity at which the blood pressure pulse propagates through the circulatory system, usually an artery or a combined length of arteries.  PWV is used clinically as a measure of arterial stiffness and can be readily measured non-invasively in humans, with measurement of carotid to femoral PWV (cfPWV) being the recommended method. cfPWV is reproducible, and predicts future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. It has been recognized by the European Society of Hypertension as an indicator of target organ damage and a useful additional test in the investigation of hypertension.

Compliance (physiology)
Compliance is the ability of a hollow organ (vessel) to distend and increase volume with increasing transmural pressure or the tendency of a hollow organ to resist recoil toward its original dimensions on application of a distending or compressing force. The reciprocal of compliance is elastance, a measure of the tendency of a hollow organ to recoil toward its original dimensions upon removal of a distending or compressing force.
Vivieno Caldinelli
Vivieno Caldinelli is a Canadian film and television director from Hamilton, Ontario. He is most noted for his work as a director of Baroness von Sketch Show, for which he won both the Directors Guild of Canada award for Outstanding Direction in a Comedy Series and the Canadian Screen Award for Best Direction in a Variety or Sketch Comedy Program or Series.

His debut feature film, Seven Stages to Achieve Eternal Bliss, was released in 2018. He followed up in 2024 with Scared Shitless, which was second runner-up for the Audience Award for Best Canadian Feature at the 28th Fantasia International Film Festival.

He was formerly a partner with Mark Montefiore in Polenta Productions. His other television credits have included Picnicface, This Hour Has 22 Minutes, Hotbox, HumanTown and Bruno & Boots.

He was also a performer in Hotbox, a sketch comedy series.

Baroness von Sketch Show
Baroness von Sketch Show is a Canadian sketch comedy television series. It debuted on CBC Television on June 14, 2016. Produced by Frantic Films, the series is an all-female comedy series starring Carolyn Taylor, Meredith MacNeill, Aurora Browne and Jennifer Whalen. The four also serve as executive producers of the show.

CBC renewed the show for a second season, which aired in 2017. The show's third season started in September 2018, and CBC renewed the show for a fourth season, that began airing shows in October 2019. CBC has announced that the show would continue with a 5th and final season starting October 6, 2020.

The show also airs on IFC in the United States. The show is a three-time winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Sketch Comedy Program or Series, winning at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018, and the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.
Schytt Glacier
Schytt Glacier is a broad glacier about 60 miles (100 km) long, flowing northward between Giaever and Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land to the Jelbart Ice Shelf. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952) and named for Valter Schytt, second in command and glaciologist of NBSAE.

Jelbart Ice Shelf
70°30′S 4°30′W﻿ / ﻿70.500°S 4.500°W﻿ / -70.500; -4.500
The Jelbart Ice Shelf is an ice shelf about 40 nautical miles (70 km) wide, fronting on the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, northward of Giaever Ridge. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–1952) and named for John E. Jelbart, an Australian observer with the expedition who drowned near Maudheim Station on February 24, 1951.
Flora of Estonia
Estonia is a small, heavily forested country situated on the Baltic Sea. It is a part of the Euro-Siberian region of terrestrial Palearctic realm, and the Temperate Northern Atlantic marine ecoregion.

Phytogeographically, Estonia is shared between the Central European and Eastern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Estonia belongs to the ecoregion of Sarmatic mixed forests.

There are several plant species endemic to Estonia. These include, for example, Saaremaa yellow rattle (Rhinanthus osiliensis) and Estonian saw-wort (Saussurea esthonica). In total, there are 83 endemic taxa, mostly from the hawkweed (Hieracium) genus.

In total 1441 species of vascular plants have described, in addition more than 2500 species of algae, and 680 species of lichens.

Rhinanthus osiliensis
Rhinanthus osiliensis, in English known by the common name Saaremaa yellow rattle,  is a flowering plant in the genus Rhinanthus in the family Orobanchaceae. It is endemic to the Estonian island Saaremaa in the Baltic Sea. Plants growing on the Swedish island Gotland have been ascribed to R. osiliensis, too, but genetic analyses have not supported this hypothesis.

Morphological features of R. osiliensis include glandular hairs on the sepals (calyx) and relatively narrow leaves. It is a late-flowering species of Rhinanthus, flowering from the end of July onwards.
2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry
The 2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry, commonly shortened to 2nd Rajputs, was a regiment of the British Indian Army. Raised in 1798, it was amalgamated with five other Rajput regiments in 1922.

Kalat, Balochistan
Kalāt or Qalāt (Brahui/Balochi: کلات), historically known as Qīqān or Kaikan is the historical capital of Kalat State in Kalat district, in Balochistan. The town of Kalat is the headquarter of Kalat District and was also known in the past by the historical names Kalat-e-Baloch and Kalat-e-Sewa.

Qalat, formerly Kalat, is located roughly in the center of the Balochistan province, ‌‌and in the past, the capital of Balochistan (in Kalat State). The Khan of Kalat is presently a ceremonial title held by Mir Suleman Dawood Jan, and the Pakistan government has made efforts  to reconcile with him; his son, Prince Mohammed, who is next in line to be the Khan of Kalat, is pro-Pakistan.
Susanne von Klettenberg
Susanne Katharina Seiffart von Klettenberg (19 December 1723 – 16 December 1774) was a German abbess and writer. She was a friend of Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, the mother of writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Klettenberg corresponded with Goethe, and he shaped a character, "Beautiful Soul," after her in his novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. She was also a friend of Friedrich Christoph Steinhofer (1706–1761), a former co-episcopus of the Moravian Church.

Catharina Elisabeth Goethe
Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, born Catharina Elisabeth Textor, (19 February 1731 – 13 September 1808) was the mother of German playwright and poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and his sister Cornelia Schlosser. She was also known by the nickname Frau Aja and the title Frau Rat.
Rustic Rehab
Rustic Rehab is a reality television series airing on HGTV hosted by real estate agents David and Chenoa Rivera in Paradise, California. It was initially announced on September 19, 2017 to be a spin-off of the HGTV series Flip or Flop. After the original plan of a premiere in April 2018, the show's first regular season episode aired on August 16, 2018.

What differentiates Rustic Rehab from other flipping shows is that the buyers are looking for second homes or vacation rentals.

After the town was devastated by the Camp Fire in 2018, the series was pulled from the HGTV schedule. However, the Riveras have been actively involved in rebuilding the town, investing in the building of new fireproof housing.

Paradise, California
Paradise is an incorporated town in Butte County, California, United States, in the Sierra Nevada foothills above the northeastern Sacramento Valley. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 4,764, a decline of over 80% from the 26,218 residents recorded in the 2010 census.

On November 8, 2018, a major wildfire, the Camp Fire, destroyed most of Paradise and much of the adjacent communities of Magalia, Butte Creek Canyon, and Concow. In November 2023, it was reported that there were a little over 9,000 residents living in Paradise. Over 2,500 new structures have also been built, with more construction ongoing.
Angel of Independence
The Angel of Independence, most commonly known by the shortened name El Ángel and officially known as Monumento a la Independencia ("Monument to Independence"), is a victory column on a roundabout on the major thoroughfare of Paseo de la Reforma in downtown Mexico City.

El Ángel was built in 1910 during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz by architect Antonio Rivas Mercado, to commemorate the centennial of the beginning of Mexico's War of Independence. In later years it was made into a mausoleum for the most important heroes of that war. It is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Mexico City, and it has become a focal point for both celebration and protest. It resembles the July Column in Paris, Nelson's Column in London, the Victory Column in Berlin and the Columbus Monument in New York City.

Victory column
A victory column, or monumental column or triumphal column, is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a heroic commemoration, including victorious battle, war, or revolution. The column typically stands on a base and is crowned with a victory symbol, such as a statue. The statue may represent the goddess Victoria; in Germany, the female embodiment of the nation, Germania; in the United States either the female embodiment of the nation Columbia or Liberty; in the United Kingdom, the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle, or a naval war hero depicted as a helmeted woman, wielding a trident, shield and olive branch.
Ćmińsk
Ćmińsk [t͡ɕmiɲsk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Miedziana Góra, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Miedziana Góra and 13 km (8 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Miedziana Góra, Kielce County
Miedziana Góra [mjɛˈd͡ʑana ˈɡura] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Miedziana Góra. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) northwest of the regional capital of Kielce. Its population is around 10,000.