hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indigeneity in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The notion of indigeneity—the quality of being descended from the original inhabitants of a territory, especially a territory that has been colonized—has been central to debates about political legitimacy in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. These debates have centered on whether or not Israeli Jews, Palestinians, or both peoples are to be defined as indigenous peoples to the region of Palestine. During the 21st century, many Zionists have advocated the view that Jews are the indigenous people of the Land of Israel. Advocates of the Palestinian cause often advocate the view that Palestinians are an occupied Indigenous people and that Zionism is a form of settler colonialism. Some observers consider both Jews and Palestinians to be Indigenous.

Palestinianism
"Palestinianism" is a term occasionally used to denote either the national political movement or identity of the Palestinian people. It gained currency by its use in the works of Edward Said to describe a certain vein of theology opposed to Christian Zionism and that challenges Zionism and the right of Israel to exist.
Huzhu Tu Autonomous County
Huzhu Tu Autonomous County (Chinese: 互助土族自治县; Monguor: Huzhu Mongghul njeenaa dagnagu xan), or in short Huzhu County (互助县), is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Haidong, in the east of Qinghai province, China, bordering Gansu province to the northeast. It has an area of 3,321 km2 (1,282 sq mi) and approximately 370,000 inhabitants (2004). Its seat is the town of Weiyuan.

The monastery of Chuzang, located in the town of Nanmenxia some 20 km (12 mi) northwest of the seat of Huzhu County, is listed as a national monument of China (since 2006).

The Xining Caojiabao Airport (IATA: XNN, ICAO: ZLXN) which serves Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, is located in the county.

Haidong
36°28′24″N 102°24′38″E﻿ / ﻿36.4734°N 102.4106°E﻿ / 36.4734; 102.4106

Haidong (Chinese: 海东市; pinyin: Hǎidōng shì) is a prefecture-level city of Qinghai province in Western China. Its name literally means "east of the (Qinghai) Lake." On 8 February 2013 Haidong was upgraded from a prefecture (海东地区) into a prefecture-level city. Haidong is the third most populous administrative division in Qinghai after Xining and Golmud.

Haidong was historically populated by the Qiang people, although the area has been inhabited as early as 6000 years ago. In 121 BC the area was captured by Huo Qubing, defeating the Xiongnu. In 399 AD the Xianbei founded the state of Nanliang, with its capital in Ledu District.
Peetre theorem
In mathematics, the (linear) Peetre theorem, named after Jaak Peetre, is a result of functional analysis that gives a characterisation of differential operators in terms of their effect on generalized function spaces, and without mentioning differentiation in explicit terms.  The Peetre theorem is an example of a finite order theorem in which a function or a functor, defined in a very general way, can in fact be shown to be a polynomial because of some extraneous condition or symmetry imposed upon it.

This article treats two forms of the Peetre theorem.  The first is the original version which, although quite useful in its own right, is actually too general for most applications.

Jet (mathematics)
In mathematics, the jet is an operation that takes a differentiable function f and produces a polynomial, the Taylor polynomial (truncated Taylor series) of f, at each point of its domain. Although this is the definition of a jet, the theory of jets regards these polynomials as being abstract polynomials rather than polynomial functions.

This article first explores the notion of a jet of a real valued function in one real variable, followed by a discussion of generalizations to several real variables. It then gives a rigorous construction of jets and jet spaces between Euclidean spaces. It concludes with a description of jets between manifolds, and how these jets can be constructed intrinsically. In this more general context, it summarizes some of the applications of jets to differential geometry and the theory of differential equations.
A. H. Lightstone
Albert Harold Lightstone (1926–1976) was a Canadian mathematician.   He was one of the pioneers of non-standard analysis, a doctoral student of Abraham Robinson, and later a co-author with Robinson of the book Nonarchimedean Fields and Asymptotic Expansions.

Abraham Robinson
Abraham Robinson (born Robinsohn; October 6, 1918 – April 11, 1974) was a mathematician who is most widely known for development of nonstandard analysis, a mathematically rigorous system whereby infinitesimal and infinite numbers were reincorporated into modern mathematics. Nearly half of Robinson's papers were in applied mathematics rather than in pure mathematics.
Object request broker
In distributed computing, an object request broker (ORB) is a concept of a middleware, which allows program calls to be made from one computer to another via a computer network, providing location transparency through remote procedure calls. ORBs promote interoperability of distributed object systems, enabling such systems to be built by piecing together objects from different vendors, while different parts communicate with each other via the ORB. Common Object Request Broker Architecture standardizes the way ORB may be implemented.

Internet Communications Engine
The Internet Communications Engine, or Ice, is an open-source RPC framework developed by ZeroC. It provides SDKs for C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, MATLAB, Objective-C, PHP, Python, Ruby and Swift, and can run on various operating systems, including Linux, Windows, macOS, iOS and Android.

Ice implements a proprietary application layer communications protocol, called the Ice protocol, that can run over TCP, TLS, UDP, WebSocket and Bluetooth. As its name indicates, Ice can be suitable for applications that communicate over the Internet, and includes functionality for traversing  firewalls.
Sand Springs Fire Department
The Sand Springs Fire Department (SSFD) is a full-time fire department located in Sand Springs, Oklahoma. The Sand Springs Fire Department covers multiple communities in Tulsa, Creek, and Osage counties. The department's area of service spans approximately 64 square miles and contains approximately 40,000 residents. SSFD responds to over 3,000 calls annually from two stations.

Sand Springs, Oklahoma
Sand Springs is a city in Osage, Creek and Tulsa counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. A western suburb of Tulsa, it is located predominantly in Tulsa County. The population was 19,874 in the 2020 U. S. Census, an increase of 5.1 percent from the figure of 18,906 recorded in 2010.
Myles Munroe
Myles Munroe, OBE (20 April 1954 – 9 November 2014) was a Bahamian teacher and ordained minister, professor, author, speaker and leadership consultant. He founded and led the Bahamas Faith Ministries International (BFMI), and Myles Munroe International (MMI). He was also the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of the International Third World Leaders Association, and president of the International Leadership Training Institute. Dr Munroe was a prolific author as well.

Munroe and his wife died in a plane crash on November 9, 2014. Bahamian officials stated their aircraft struck a crane at a ship yard near Grand Bahama International Airport. Munroe and the other passengers were heading to Grand Bahama for a conference.

Oral Roberts University
Oral Roberts University (ORU) is a private evangelical university in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Founded in 1963, the university is named after its founder, Charismatic Christian preacher Oral Roberts.

Sitting on a 385-acre (156-hectare) campus, ORU offers over 70 undergraduate degree programs along with 20 graduate programs across six colleges. ORU is classified among "Master's Colleges & Universities: Medium Programs". The university enrolls approximately 5,000 students.
Nicolae Ceban
Nicolai Ceban (born 30 March 1986) is a Moldovan freestyle wrestler. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in the freestyle 96 kg event, he was knocked out in the first round by Gergely Kiss.

He competed in the freestyle 96 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after defeating Sinivie Boltic in the 1/8 finals, he was eliminated by Giorgi Gogshelidze in the quarterfinals.

Ceban competed in the freestyle 97 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He was defeated by Albert Saritov of Romania in the first elimination round. He was the flagbearer for Moldova during the Parade of Nations.

Gergely Kiss (wrestler)
Gergely Sandor Kiss (born November 6, 1983, in Orosháza) is an amateur Hungarian freestyle wrestler, who competed in the men's heavyweight category. Kiss represented Hungary at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the 96 kg class in men's freestyle wrestling. Kiss reached only into the second preliminary match, where he lost to Uzbekistan's Kurban Kurbanov, with a technical score of 5–9 and a classification score of 1–3.
Bushido (role-playing game)
Bushido is a Samurai role-playing game set in Feudal Japan, originally designed by Robert N. Charrette and Paul R. Hume and published originally by Tyr Games, then Phoenix Games, and subsequently by Fantasy Games Unlimited. The setting for the game is a land called Nippon, and characters adventure in this heroic, mythic, and fantastic analogue of Japan's past.

It is thematically based on Chanbara movies, such as those made by Akira Kurosawa, in which the heroes are modestly superhuman but not extraordinarily so.

White Dwarf (magazine)
White Dwarf is a magazine published by British games manufacturer Games Workshop, which has long served as a promotions and advertising platform for Games Workshop and Citadel Miniatures products.

During the first ten years of its publication, it covered a wide variety of fantasy and science-fiction role-playing games (RPGs) and board games, particularly the role-playing games Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D), Call of Cthulhu, RuneQuest and Traveller.

These games were all published by other games companies and distributed in the United Kingdom by Games Workshop stores. The magazine underwent a major change in style and content in the late 1980s. It is now dedicated exclusively to the miniature wargames produced by Games Workshop.
WFTDA South Central Regional Tournament
The WFTDA South Central Regional Tournament or WFTDA South Central Region Playoffs was one of four annual roller derby regional qualifying tournaments for the WFTDA Championships.

The Tournament was organised by the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). Full WFTDA members in the South Central Region were eligible for ranking, and the top ten leagues would qualify for the South Central Regional Tournament, with the top three finalists qualifying for the Championships. Together, the four qualifying tournaments and Championships were termed the "Big 5". Starting with the 2013 WFTDA season, WFTDA's regions were discontinued in favor of an overall-rankings based system, and a new playoff format was created.

South Central Region (WFTDA)
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association's South Central Region was formed in 2008 when WFTDA changed from having just two regional tournaments (East and West), to five, made up of teams from four regions: East, North Central, South Central and West.

For 2011, the region was expanded, taking in leagues from Nebraska and New Mexico.

WFTDA has now moved away from the Big 5 WFTDA Championships qualification tournament structure, last competed in 2012. Starting with the 2013 WFTDA season, the regions were discontinued in favour of an overall-rankings based system, and a new playoff format was created.
Jeholops
Jeholops is an extinct genus of notostracan which existed in the Yixian Formation, inner Mongolia, China during the early Cretaceous period (Barremian age). It was described by Thomas A. Hegna and Ren Dong in 2010, and the only species is Jeholops hongi.

As with the genus Chenops, and unlike the modern genera Triops or Lepidurus, Jeholops lacked eyes.

Triops
Triops, from Ancient Greek τρία (tría), meaning "three", and ὄψ (óps), meaning "face" or "eye", is a genus of small crustaceans in the order Notostraca (tadpole shrimp). The long-lasting resting eggs of several species of Triops are commonly sold in kits as pets. The animals hatch upon contact with fresh water. Most adult-stage Triops have a life expectancy of up to 90 days and can tolerate a pH range of 6 to 10. In nature, they often inhabit temporary pools.
Sesamstraat
Sesamstraat (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈseːzɑmˌstraːt]) is a Dutch children's television series in the Netherlands, and a localized version of the U.S. children's program Sesame Street. In its early days, the show was broadcast in Flanders (Belgium) as well. It is the second longest-running foreign adaptation of Sesame Street without interruptions, behind only Sesamstraße. It targets children between 3–7 years old.

Sesamstraße
Sesamstraße (German: [ˈzeːzamˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ, Sesame Street in English) is a German children's television series that airs primarily in Germany and the surrounding  German-speaking countries. It is a spin-off of the first preschool programme Sesame Street. The show has been running on Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) since 1973, premiering on 8 January in that year. Sesamstraße is also shown on the children's channel, KiKa. It is made for children between the ages of three and seven.
Pejačević Castle in Osijek
Pejačević Castle (Croatian: Dvorac Pejačević) is a classical manor located in the Retfala district in the city of Osijek. It is one of several country houses owned by the members of the Pejačević noble family in the region of Slavonia.

Pejačević family
The House of Pejačević or Pejácsevich is an old Croatian noble family, remarkable during the period in history marked by the Ottoman war in the Kingdom of Croatia and Austro-Hungarian Empire respectively. Notable members of the family were politicians, clerics, artists, senior military officers, Bans (viceroys) of Croatia and other high state officials. They were very potent and influential in the political, social, economic and cultural life of the country, and especially distinguished in the region of Slavonia.
2015 Tandridge District Council election
The 2015 Tandridge District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect one third of members to Tandridge District Council in England coinciding with other local elections held simultaneously with a General Election which resulted in increased turnout compared to the election four years before.  Elections in each ward, depending on size are held in two or three years out of four.

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Splenius muscles
The splenius muscles are:

Splenius capitis muscle

Splenius cervicis muscle

Their origins are in the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinous processes. Their actions are to extend and ipsilaterally rotate the head and neck.

Splenius cervicis muscle
The splenius cervicis (/ˈspliːniəs sərˈvaɪsɪs/) (also known as the splenius colli, /- ˈkɒlaɪ/) is a muscle in the back of the neck. It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae.

Its name is based on the Greek word σπληνίον, splenion (meaning a bandage) and the Latin word cervix (meaning a neck). The word collum also refers to the neck in Latin.

The function of the splenius cervicis muscle is extension of the cervical spine, rotation to the ipsilateral side and lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side.
William Horwood (police commissioner)
Sir William Thomas Francis Horwood (9 November 1868 – 16 November 1943) was a British Army officer who also served as Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, head of London's Metropolitan Police, from 1920 to 1928.

Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis is the head of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Sir Mark Rowley was appointed to the post on 8 July 2022 after Dame Cressida Dick announced her resignation in February 2022.

The rank of Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is generally regarded as the highest in British policing. Although authority is generally confined to the Metropolitan Police Service's area of operation, the Metropolitan Police District, the Metropolitan Police also has certain national responsibilities such as leading counter-terrorism policing and protection of the royal family and senior members of the government.

The commissioner is directly accountable to the Home Secretary, the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime, and the mayor of London.
Tetrakis square tiling
In geometry, the tetrakis square tiling is a tiling of the Euclidean plane. It is a square tiling with each square divided into four isosceles right triangles from the center point, forming an infinite arrangement of lines. It can also be formed by subdividing each square of a grid into two triangles by a diagonal, with the diagonals alternating in direction, or by overlaying two square grids, one rotated by 45 degrees from the other and scaled by a factor of √2.

Conway, Burgiel, and Goodman-Strauss call it a kisquadrille, represented by a kis operation that adds a center point and triangles to replace the faces of a square tiling (quadrille). It is also called the Union Jack lattice because of the resemblance to the UK flag of the triangles surrounding its degree-8 vertices.

It is labeled V4.8.8 because each isosceles triangle face has two types of vertices: one with 4 triangles, and two with 8 triangles.

Fundamental domain
Given a topological space and a group acting on it, the images of a single point under the group action form an orbit of the action. A fundamental domain or fundamental region is a subset of the space which contains exactly one point from each of these orbits. It serves as a geometric realization for the abstract set of representatives of the orbits.

There are many ways to choose a fundamental domain. Typically, a fundamental domain is required to be a connected subset with some restrictions on its boundary, for example, smooth or polyhedral. The images of a chosen fundamental domain under the group action then tile the space. One general construction of fundamental domains uses Voronoi cells.
2025 Albany Great Danes football team
The 2025 Albany Great Danes football team represented the University of Albany as a member of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference (CAA Football) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Great Danes were led by 1st-year interim head coach Jared Ambrose and played their home games at Tom & Mary Casey Stadium in Albany, New York.

Bob Ford Field at Tom & Mary Casey Stadium
Bob Ford Field at Tom & Mary Casey Stadium is a stadium in Albany, New York, owned and operated by the University at Albany, SUNY. The stadium serves as home venue to school's football team, as well as their men's and women's soccer, and women's field hockey programs.

The stadium, with an initial seating capacity of 8,500 (originally called Bob Ford Field, named after Bob Ford, who was head coach at Albany from 1970 until retiring at the end of the 2013 season, with the playing field still called that) opened on September 14, 2013, when Albany made its debut in Colonial Athletic Association football against Rhode Island. It was renamed Bob Ford Field at Tom and Mary Casey Stadium in 2015 after Tom & Mary Casey gave a $10 million gift to the school. It replaced University Field as the school's current stadium.
East Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes from East Germany (German Democratic Republic, called DDR in the opening ceremony) competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. 297 competitors, 231 men and 66 women, took part in 161 events in 18 sports.

Eckehard Pietzsch
Eckehard Pietzsch (born 14 October 1939) is a German former volleyball player who competed for East Germany in the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Blumberg near Torgau, Nordsachsen.

In 1968, he played eight matches for the East German team, which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament.

Four years later he won the silver medal with the East German team in the 1972 Olympic tournament. He played all seven matches.
Andy Grant
Andy Grant (born May 7, 1984) is a retired middle distance runner from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. He qualified for the men's 800 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by achieving a personal best of 1:54.53 from the NACAC Championships in Sherbrooke, Canada. Grant threw down a time of 1:57.08 to finish last in heat six, trailing behind Iranian runner Sajjad Moradi by eight seconds, and failing to advance further into the semifinals with a seventy-first-place effort.

Sajjad Moradi
Sajjad Moradi (Persian: سجاد مرادی; born 30 March 1983) is an Iranian middle distance runner who specializes in the 800 m and 1500 m. He holds multiple national records for Iran from various track disciplines. Moradi is a gold-medalist in the Asian Games, Asian Athletics Championships, Asian Indoor Games, and Universiade. He also competed at three Summer Olympic Games in 2004, 2008, and 2012.
Pyrota insulata
Pyrota insulata, sometimes known by the common name yellow-crescent blister beetle, is a blister beetle, so called because if squeezed, it can produce an irritant called cantharidin that causes a blister on exposed human skin.

Blister beetle
Blister beetles are beetles of the family Meloidae, so called for their defensive secretion of a blistering agent, cantharidin. About 2,500 species are known worldwide. Many are conspicuous and some are aposematically colored, announcing their toxicity to would-be predators.
Arvid Fagrell
Arvid Fagrell (10 August 1888 – 19 May 1919) was a Swedish football player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

In the 1908 tournament he was a part of the Swedish football team that finished in 4th place. Fagrell played in Sweden's 2-0 loss against Netherlands. He played for IFK Göteborg his whole career and became Swedish masters with them 1908 and 1910.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Thomas Gilbert (politician)
Thomas Gilbert (c. 1719 – 18 December 1798) was a British lawyer, soldier, land agent and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1773 to 1794. As one of the earliest advocates of poor relief, he played a major part in the Relief of the Poor Act 1782.

Land agent
Land agent may be used in at least three different contexts.

Traditionally, a land agent was a managerial employee who conducted the business affairs of a large landed estate for a member of the nobility or landed gentry, supervising the farming of the property by farm labourers and/or tenants and collecting rents or other payments. In this context a land agent was a relatively privileged position and was a senior member of the estate's staff. The older term, which continued to be used on some estates, was steward, and in Scotland a land agent was usually referred to as a factor. Today the term estate manager or similar is more common.