hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Ratledge
Colin Ratledge FRSC FRSB (born 9 October 1936) is a British biochemist who was Professor of Microbial Biochemistry at the University of Hull from 1983 to 2004.

He was educated at Bury High School, and graduated from University of Manchester with a BSc in 1957 and a PhD in 1962. He joined the University of Hull as a lecturer in 1967 and was head of the Department of Biochemistry there from 1986 to 1988.

He was editor of Biotechnology Letters from 1996 to 2017. He received the Stephen Chang Award from the American Oil Chemists' Society in 2011. In 2015 the Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids opened at Shandong University of Technology. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in 2018.

He has an h-index of 58 according to Semantic Scholar.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Triraphis
Triraphis is a genus of African, Arabian, Australian, and Brazilian plants in the grass family. Needlegrass is a common name for plants in this genus.

Species

Triraphis andropogonoides (Steud.) E.Phillips, - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho

Triraphis compacta Cope, - Ethiopia

Triraphis devia Filg. & Zuloaga, - State of Goiás in Brazil

Triraphis mollis R.Br., - Australia (Northern Territory plus all states except Tasmania); naturalized in Britain, Belgium, Texas

Triraphis pumilio R.Br., - Angola, Namibia, Sahara, Arabian Pen

Triraphis purpurea Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Botswana

Triraphis ramosissima Hack., - Angola, Namibia, South Africa

Triraphis schinzii Hack.,  Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia

formerly included

see Cortaderia Crinipes Eriachne Nematopoa Pentameris Triodia

Triodia (plant)
Triodia is a large genus of hummock grass endemic to Australia.  The species of this genus are known by the common name spinifex, although they are not a part of the coastal genus Spinifex. Many soft-leaved Triodia species were formerly included in the genus Plectrachne. Triodia is known as tjanpi (grass) in central Australia, and have several traditional uses amongst the Aboriginal Australian peoples of the region.

A multiaccess key (SpiKey) is available as a free application for identifying the Triodia of the Pilbara (28 species and one hybrid).
Phyllodiaptomus
Phyllodiaptomus is a genus of crustacean in the family Diaptomidae. It includes the following species:

Phyllodiaptomus annae (Apstein, 1907)

Phyllodiaptomus blanci (Guerne & Richard, 1896)

Phyllodiaptomus christineae Dumont, Reddy & Sanoamuang, 1996

Phyllodiaptomus irakiensis Khalaf, 2008

Phyllodiaptomus javanus (Grochmalicki, 1915)

Phyllodiaptomus longipes Kiefer, 1965

Phyllodiaptomus praedictus Dumont & Reddy, 1994

Phyllodiaptomus sasikumari Reddy & Venkateswarlu, 1989

Phyllodiaptomus surinensis Orsri & Weera, 2001

Phyllodiaptomus thailandicus Sanoamuang & Teeramaethee, 2006

Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus Shen & Tai, 1964

Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae Dumont & Reddy, 1993

P. wellekensae is an Indian endemic species which is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List.

Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae
Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae is a species of calanoid copepod in the family Diaptomidae.

The IUCN conservation status of Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term.
Wagner (crater)
Wagner is an impact crater in the south polar region of the planet Mercury. It was named after the German composer Richard Wagner (1813–1883) in 1976, as recognized by the International Astronomical Union.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Wagner is one of several craters on Mercury named after famous composers. Other examples include Brahms (after Johannes Brahms), Scarlatti (after Domenico Scarlatti), and Couperin (after Francois Couperin). A number of Mercurian craters are named after historic cultural figures from different fields, including literature, philosophy, and art, but others feature names from popular culture, including Walt Disney and Muddy Waters.

Wagner is located in the Bach quadrangle, between Bach and Chopin.

Couperin (crater)
Couperin is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 80 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Couperin is named for the French composer François Couperin, who lived from 1688 to 1733.

Couperin is in the highlands north of Budh Planitia.

Mosaic of MESSENGER Narrow Angle Camera images

Couperin crater in approximate color
Trichlorobenzoic acid
Trichlorobenzoic acids (TBAs) are organochlorine compounds, in particular benzoic acids, with the formula C6H2Cl3CO2H.  Six constitutional isomers exist, differing in the relative position of the three chlorine substituents around the ring.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Thomas Park Bougainvillea Gardens
Thomas Park Bougainvillea Gardens is a heritage-listed former private garden and now public park at 151 Harts Road, Indooroopilly, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Henry Thomas and built from 1914 to 1918. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 10 October 2014.

Trellis (architecture)
A trellis (French: treillage) is an architectural structure, usually made from an open framework or lattice of interwoven or intersecting pieces of wood, bamboo, or metal that is normally made to support and display climbing plants, especially shrubs.
Zeta Aurigae
Zeta Aurigae is an eclipsing binary star system in the northern constellation of Auriga. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ζ Aurigae, and abbreviated Zeta Aur or ζ Aur. Based upon parallax measurements, this system is approximately 860 light-years (260 parsecs) distant from the Sun. It has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 3.75, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. The system is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +12 km/s.

The two components are designated Zeta Aurigae A and B. The bright giant or supergiant component A has the official name Saclateni, pronounced /sækləˈtiːni/, which is an old misspelling of "Sadatoni". Its hotter companion is a B-type dwarf. The pair orbit each other with a period of 2.66 yr.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Toe-crushers
Toecrushers is an alternative name for yorker deliveries (usually inswinging ones) in cricket. This term was probably first used by TV commentators in early 1990s to describe the frequent inswinging yorkers bowled by Pakistani fast bowlers Wasim Akram and Waqar Younis. Younis has also been called the toe-crusher due to his iconic late in-swinging yorkers.

Toe crushers are said to be much more difficult to play as the ball nips in just before it lands giving it a higher chance for the batsman to miss and get bowled while trying to defend or hit it.

Bowled
In cricket, the term bowled has several meanings. First, it is the act of propelling the ball towards the wicket defended by a batter.

Second, it is a method of dismissing a batter, by hitting the wicket with a ball delivered by the bowler. (The term "bowled out" is sometimes used instead.)

Third, it is used in scoring to indicate which bowler is credited with dismissing a batter, when the batter is dismissed by being bowled, leg before wicket (LBW), caught, stumped, or hit wicket.
Baegunsan (Uiwang and Suwon)
Baegunsan (Korean: 백운산) or Mount Baegun is a mountain in Gyeonggi Province(Gyeonggi-do), South Korea. Its area extends across the cities of Uiwang, Suwon and Yongin. Baegunsan has an elevation of 567 m (1,860 ft).

Uiwang
Uiwang (Korean: 의왕; Korean pronunciation: [ɰi.waŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.  It is one of many satellite cities that ring Seoul, making up the Seoul Capital Area.  Its largest immediate urban neighbor is Anyang.  The low peaks of the Gwangju Mountains (including Moraksan) shape the local landscape.

Rail transportation is important in Uiwang, which is home to the Korean Railroad Museum and Korea National Railroad College. Seoul Subway Line 1 passes through the city, as does the Gyeongbu Line. In addition, a terminal of Hanjin container shipping is located here.
Matra MS1
The Matra MS1 (abbreviation of Matra-Sports-1 ) was Matra's first open-wheel formula racing car, built in 1965 to compete in Formula Three. Along with its derivative the MS2 it won five races and powered Jean-Pierre Beltoise to the French Formula Three championship.

Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.
Tai Tam
Tai Tam or Tytam is an area in Southern District on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Tai Tam means a big pool in the Chinese language which illustrates a triangular bay, namely Tai Tam Bay between Stanley Peninsula, D'Aguilar Peak and Tai Tam Tuk ([tàːi tʰȁːm tók̚], lit. innermost of Tai Tam, also known as Tytam Took). The meaning of Tai Tam varies greatly between the early colonial days and the present day.

Stanley Peninsula
Stanley Peninsula (Chinese: 赤柱半島), formerly known as Tai Tam Peninsula (大潭半島), is a peninsula of southern Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Located between Tai Tam Bay and Stanley Bay, it joins north to Hong Kong Island at the town of Stanley and ends to the south at Bluff Head (黃麻角, Wong Ma Kok)‌.
Marr Bay
Marr Bay (60°42′S 44°31′W﻿ / ﻿60.700°S 44.517°W﻿ / -60.700; -44.517) is a bay lying between Cape Valavielle and Fraser Point along the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It was mapped in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, and was named for James W.S. Marr, a member of the Discovery Committee zoological staff, by personnel on the Discovery II following their survey of the South Orkney Islands in 1933.

Laurie Island
Laurie Island is the second largest of the South Orkney Islands. The island is claimed by both Argentina as part of Argentine Antarctica, and by the United Kingdom as part of the British Antarctic Territory. Under the Antarctic Treaty System all sovereignty claims are suspended, as the island lies south of the parallel 60°. Buchanan Point at the north-eastern end of the island, with Cape Whitson on its south coast, are Important Bird Areas.
William Sibbald
William Sibbald (c.1760–1809) was a Scottish architect. He was superintendent of public works in Edinburgh and assisted Robert Reid in setting out and designing the Second New Town.

Their joint work is the largest single development in Georgian Edinburgh, and, due to its highly intact nature, is one of the most important areas of Georgian development.

Princes Street
Princes Street (Scottish Gaelic: Sràid nam Prionnsachan) is one of the major thoroughfares in central Edinburgh, Scotland, and the main shopping street in the capital. It is the southernmost street of Edinburgh's New Town, stretching around 1.2 km (three quarters of a mile) from Lothian Road in the west, to Leith Street in the east. The street has few buildings on the south side and looks over Princes Street Gardens allowing panoramic views of the Old Town, Edinburgh Castle, as well as the valley between. Most of the street is limited to trams, buses and taxis with only the east end open to all traffic.
İske Qormaş
İske Qormaş (Tatar: Иске Кормаш, romanized: İske Qormaş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Aqtanış District, Tatarstan. The population was 451 as of 2010.
İske Qormaş is located 25 km from Aqtanış, district's administrative centre, and 344 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 18th century.
There are 10 streets in the village.

Aktanysh
Aktanysh (Russian: Актаны́ш; Tatar: Актаныш; Bashkir: Аҡтаныш), historically known as Lower Aktanyshbash (Russian: Нижний Актанышбаш; Bashkir: Түбәнге Аҡтанышбаш) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aktanyshsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The population is less than 10,000, though it has steadily increased in recent decades;  8,923 (2010 Census); 8,148 (2002 Census); 6,814 (1989 Soviet census).

The village is situated in the lower reaches of the Belaya (Ağiðel) river, in the easternmost part of Tatarstan, less than 6 km (3.7 mi) from the border with Bashkortostan. Aktanysh lies about 300 km (190 mi) east of Kazan and 165 km (103 mi) northwest of Ufa as the crow flies.
2019 Budapest Assembly election
The 2019 Budapest Assembly election was held on 13 October 2019, concurring with other local elections in Hungary. Voters elected the Mayor of Budapest, and the mayors of the 23 districts directly, while 9 seats in the assembly were distributed proportionally, taking into account votes cast for losing district mayoral candidates.

Mayor of Budapest
The Mayor of Budapest (Hungarian: Budapest főpolgármestere, officially Lord Mayor of the Municipality of Budapest, pronounced [ˈbudɒpɛʃt ˈføːpolɡaːrmɛʃtɛrɛ]) is the head of the General Assembly in Budapest, Hungary, elected directly for 5-year term since 2014 (previously municipal elections were held quadrennially). Until 1994 the mayor was elected by the General Assembly. The office was called Chairman of the Council of Budapest (Hungarian: Budapest tanácselnöke) between 1950 and 1990, during the Communist period.

Since 1990, the position is domestically known as Lord Mayor (Hungarian: főpolgármester) to distinguish the office from that of the mayors that lead each of Budapest's 23 districts. Between 1873 and 1945, the Lord Mayor of Budapest was representative of the Hungarian government as head of the capital's municipal authority, similarly to the Lord-Lieutenants of Counties.
Governor of Neuquén Province
The Governor of Neuquén is a citizen of the Neuquén Province, in Argentina, holding the office of governor for the corresponding period. The governor is elected alongside a vice-governor. Currently the governor of Neuquén is Omar Gutiérrez.

Neuquén Province
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]) is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Mendoza Province to the north, Rio Negro Province to the southeast, and Chile to the west. It also meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner.
Characterizations of the exponential function
In mathematics, the exponential function can be characterized in many ways.
This article presents some common characterizations, discusses why each makes sense, and proves that they are all equivalent.

The exponential function occurs naturally in many branches of mathematics. Walter Rudin called it "the most important function in mathematics".
It is therefore useful to have multiple ways to define (or characterize) it.
Each of the characterizations below may be more or less useful depending on context.
The "product limit" characterization of the exponential function was discovered by Leonhard Euler.

Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
Mount Ellen (Vermont)
Mount Ellen is a mountain in the Green Mountains in the U.S. state of Vermont. Located at the northern edge of the Green Mountain National Forest in Washington County, the summit of Mount Ellen is in the northwest corner of Warren but the mountain extends into Fayston to the north and Lincoln to the west. Together with Lincoln Peak to the south, the slopes of Mount Ellen are home to the Sugarbush Resort.

Mount Ellen is one of a handful of 4,000-foot (1,200 m) peaks in Vermont. At 4,083 feet (1,244 m), it is tied (with Camel's Hump) for the third-highest mountain in the state.

Warren, Vermont
Warren is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,977 at the 2020 census. The center of population of Vermont is located in Warren. It is set between the two ranges of the Green Mountains, with approximately 25% of the township within the boundaries of the federal  Green Mountain National Forest.

Sugarbush Resort is a local ski resort in the town. The Long Trail, a hiking trail running from the border with Massachusetts to the Canada–US border, traverses the town.
Dinah! (album)
Dinah! is a fourth studio album by blues, R&B and jazz singer Dinah Washington released on the EmArcy label. The album includes a mix of  jazz, popular and blues standards of the period, all selected to emphasize the vocalist's style.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
Baltimore Urban Debate League
The Baltimore Urban Debate League (BUDL, pronounced "boodle"), is an American, non profit, urban debate league that aims to educate and mentor inner city middle school and high school students in the Baltimore, Maryland area.

The main focus of the organization is to teach students policy debate. Currently the league serves approximately 51 schools in Baltimore, and has been nationally recognized by several organizations for spreading debate in the city's public schools and increasing awareness nationwide about urban debate.

National Speech and Debate Association
The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is the largest interscholastic speech and debate organization serving middle school and high school students in the United States. It was formed as the National Forensic League in 1925 by Bruno Ernst Jacob.
Mount Landolt
Mount Landolt (78°46′S 84°30′W﻿ / ﻿78.767°S 84.500°W﻿ / -78.767; -84.500) is a mountain, 2,280 metres (7,480 ft) high, standing at the head of Hudman Glacier in the Petvar Heights at the southeastern extremity of the Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Arlo U. Landolt, an aurora scientist at the International Geophysical Year South Pole Station in 1957.

Petvar Heights
Petvar Heights (Bulgarian: Петварски възвишения, romanized: Petvarski vazvisheniya, IPA: [ˈpɛtvarski vɐzviˈʃɛnijɐ]) are the heights rising to 2492 m at Mount Mullen in southeast Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.  The heights occupy an oval shaped area with a diameter of 21 km, separated from the rest of Sentinel Range by Wessbecher Glacier to the southwest, Kasilag Pass to the west, and Kornicker Glacier to the northwest and north. Their interior is drained by Hudman, Carey, Razboyna, Gabare and Divdyadovo Glaciers.

The heights are named after the settlement of Petvar in Southern Bulgaria.
Roigella
Roigella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It only contains one known species, Roigella correifolia (Griseb.) Borhidi & M.Fernández

It is native to Cuba. It is found in pineland habitats.

The genus name of Roigella is in honour of Juan Tomás Roig (1877–1971), a Cuban teacher and botanist in Havana. It is not known what the Latin specific epithet of correifolia means.
Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. Vol.27 on page 310 (1981, published in 1982).

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
1952 Special Honours
As part of the British honours system, Special Honours are issued at the Monarch's pleasure at any given time. The Special Honours refer to the awards made within royal prerogative, operational honours and other honours awarded outside the New Years Honours and Birthday Honours

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Manolov Glacier
Manolov Glacier (Bulgarian: Манолов ледник, romanized: Manolov lednik, IPA: [mɐˈnɔɫof ˈlɛdnik]) is the 3 km long in east-northeast to west-southwest direction and 1.3 km wide glacier on the west side of Havre Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It is situated south of Oselna Glacier and west of Coulter Glacier, flows southwestwards and enters Lazarev Bay northwest of Goleminov Point.

The feature is named after the Bulgarian composer Emanuil Manolov (1860-1902).

Coulter Glacier
Coulter Glacier (69°20′S 71°47′W﻿ / ﻿69.333°S 71.783°W﻿ / -69.333; -71.783) is a steeply inclined glacier, 5 nautical miles (9 km) long, flowing south from the Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island, into Kolokita Cove in Lazarev Bay, Antarctica. The glacier was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947 and mapped from the photographs by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for R.W. Coulter, Master of USNS Alatna during U.S. Navy Operation Deepfreeze, 1969.