hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menzies of Culdares
Col. James Menzies of Culdares b.1529 d.1573, was the first of the Culdares line and son to Sir Alexander Menzies, b.1504 d.1563. The Menzies of Culdares  came to prominence following the extinction of the main Menzies of Weem line in 1911. The Clan was without a Chief until Col. Ronald Steuart Menzies of Culdares, Grant of Arndilly and Stewart of Cardney, the lineal heir of Colonel James Menzies of Culdares, a prominent Covenanting officer and cousin of the first Baronet, petitioned Lyon Court in 1957 and obtained arms in the title of "The Menzies of Menzies". His grandson, Robert Ronald Menzies of Menzies is the present Chief. The title Menzies of Culdares was matriculated to his second son, Simon Menzies of Culdares, in 2006. Meggernie Castle in Glen Lyon, Perthshire was the Seat of the Culdares line

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
2025–26 Hibernian F.C. season
The 2025–26 season is the 149th season of football played by Hibernian, a professional football club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The club is competing in the top tier of Scottish football, the Scottish Premiership, for the ninth consecutive season. They lost in the second qualifying round of the Europa League to Midtjylland and the play-off round of the Conference League to Legia Warsaw, in the quarter-finals of the League Cup to Rangers, and Dunfermline in the Scottish Cup.

2025–26 Scottish League Cup
The 2025–26 Scottish League Cup, also known as the Premier Sports Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 80th season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition. Celtic were the defending champions, but lost 1–3 to St Mirren in the final.
Shikina Seimei
Shikina Ueekata Seimei (識名 親方 盛命; 29 January 1652 – 18 November 1715), also known by his Chinese style name Mō Kiryū (毛 起龍), was a bureaucrat, politician and scholar of Japanese literature of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

Shikina was born to an aristocrat family called Mō-uji Inoha Dunchi (毛氏伊野波殿内). He was the third son of Inoha Seiki, and also a younger brother of Inoha Seihei (also known as Mōi Ueekata). Both Seiki and Seihei had been served as Sanshikan, and Shikina Seimei himself served as a member of Sanshikan from 1702 to 1712. In his term, he was assigned to take charge of collecting Omoro Sōshi (1710), and compiling Konkōkenshū (混効験集) (1711), the first dictionary of the Okinawan language in history.

Shikina was also the writer of Omoidegusa (思出草), a poetic diary written in Japanese.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
Princess Maria of Romania (born 1964)
Princess Maria of Romania (born 13 July 1964) is the fifth and youngest daughter of King Michael I and Queen Anne of Romania.

Since 2015 Maria has lived in Romania and carried out a public role on behalf of the Romanian royal family.

Order of the Crown of Romania
The Order of the Crown of Romania is a chivalric order set up on 14 March 1881 by King Carol I of Romania to commemorate the establishment of the Kingdom of Romania. It was awarded as a state order until the end of the Romanian monarchy in 1947. It was revived on 30 December 2011 as a dynastic order.
US Saint-Omer
Union Sportive Pays de Saint-Omer (USPSO) is a French association football team founded in 1894. They are based in Saint-Omer, France. As of the 2022–23 season, they play in the sixth tier in the French football league system. They play at the Stade Gaston Bonnet in Saint-Omer. The team colours are white shirts and black shorts.

The team was known as Union Sportive de Saint-Omer until 2020, when a merger with FC Tatinghem took place, and the name Union Sportive Pays de Saint-Omer was taken. This coincided with promotion to Championnat National 3.

Their best-ever performance in the French Cup saw them reach the last 16 in season 1991–92 before losing 2–4 to AS Monaco at home. In season 2008–09, they knocked SC Amiens (a Ligue 2 side) out of the same competition in the seventh round.

Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿omɛʁ] ⓘ; West Flemish: Sint-Omaars; Picard: Saint-Onmé) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in France.

It is 68 km (42 mi) west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais, and is located in the Artois province. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area.

The canalised section of the river Aa begins at Saint-Omer, reaching the North Sea at Gravelines in northern France. Below its walls, the Aa connects with the Neufossé Canal, which ends at the river Lys.
Mole Hill (Virginia)
Mole Hill is a rounded hill composed of basalt, a volcanic rock, formed during the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period. It is the eroded remnant of what was an active volcano approximately 47 million years ago, making it one of the youngest volcanoes on the east coast of North America. It is located west of Harrisonburg, Virginia, in Rockingham County.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
1984 WTA German Open
The 1984 WTA German Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from 14 May through 20 May 1984. Sixth-seeded Claudia Kohde-Kilsch won the singles title and earned $27,500 first-prize money.

1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the 12th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced in March 1984, and concluded in March 1985 after 53 events.

The Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). It was held in place of the WTA Tour from 1983 until 1989 and featured tournaments that had previously been part of the Toyota Series and the Avon Championships Circuit. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF World Circuit tournaments were not part of the tour, although they were awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.

Tournaments were categorized by prize money on offer.
Md Ysahrudin Kusni
Md Ysahrudin bin Kusni is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Johor State Legislative Assembly for Bukit Naning from May 2018 until March 2022. He is a member and the Division Chief of Bakri of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Currently, he is the Deputy Chairman of Johor PKR, taking over from Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh who was appointed as Chairman.

Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh
Syed Ibrahim bin Syed Noh is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament for Ledang since 2018.

He is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, and has served as the state chairman of its Johor branch since May 2024.
Learning sciences
Learning sciences (LS) is an interdisciplinary field of study dedicated to the empirical investigation of learning, exploration of what might be important for people to learn and why, engagement in the design and implementation of learning innovations, and the improvement of instructional methodologies. LS research traditionally focuses on cognitive-psychological, sociocultural, and critical theoretical foundations of human learning, as well as practical design of learning environments. Major contributing fields include cognitive science, computer science, educational psychology, anthropology, and applied linguistics. Over the past decade, LS researchers have expanded their focus to include informal learning environments, instructional methods, policy innovations, and the design of curricula.

Journal of the Learning Sciences
The Journal of the Learning Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on education and learning as theoretical and design sciences. It is one of two official publications of the International Society of the Learning Sciences, and is published by Routledge. The current editors-in-chief are Leema Berland and Erica Halverson (both from the University of Wisconsin-Madison). Previous editors-in-chief include Susan Jurow, Jianwei Zhang, Susan A. Yoon, Jan van Aalst, Iris Tabak, Josh Radinsky, Cindy Hmelo-Silver, Yasmin Kafai, and founding editor emeritus Janet L. Kolodner.
Passive radar
Passive radar (also referred to as parasitic radar, passive coherent location, passive surveillance, and passive covert radar) is a class of radar systems that detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.  It is a specific case of bistatic radar – passive bistatic radar (PBR) – which is a broad type also including the exploitation of cooperative and non-cooperative radar transmitters.

Anti-radiation missile
An anti-radiation missile (ARM) is a missile designed to detect and home in on an enemy radio emission source. Typically, these are designed for use against an enemy radar, although jammers and even radios used for communications can also be targeted in this manner.

The earliest known anti-radiation weapon is a variant of the Blohm & Voss BV 246 radar guided bomb.
Paul the Simple
Saint Paul the Simple of Egypt (d. ad. 339) was a hermit and disciple of St. Anthony the Great. St. John, the Abbot of Sinai wrote "Paul the Simple was a clear example for us, for he was the rule and type of blessed simplicity." Though contemporaries, he is not to be confused with St. Paul of Thebes, regarded as the First Hermit. The account of his life is found in Palladius of Helenopolis De Vitis Patrum 8,28 and Tyrannius Rufinus Historia Eremitica 31.

Tyrannius Rufinus
Tyrannius Rufinus, also called Rufinus of Aquileia (Latin: Rufinus Aquileiensis; 344/345–411), was an early Christian monk, philosopher, historian, and theologian who worked to translate Greek patristic material, especially the work of Origen, into Latin.
Hermitage Rooms
51°30′39″N 0°07′02″W﻿ / ﻿51.51083°N 0.11722°W﻿ / 51.51083; -0.11722

The Hermitage Rooms was the name by which a series of rooms at Somerset House, London, were known from 2000 to 2007. During this period they were used as a venue for temporary exhibitions from the collection of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg. The partnership with the Hermitage has since ended and the rooms are no longer known by this name, although they continue to house temporary exhibitions.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Townsville Kern United
Townsville Kern United was an association football club in North Queensland, Australia, established in 1979. The club made it to the finals of the Queensland State Soccer League in its second season, and won the title of Queensland champions in 1982. In addition, it won the Ampol Cup twice. Townsville regularly drew crowds of 5 -8,000 to its home games.

It was the predecessor of the current North Queensland Football Federation (NQFF) State Premier League team, the North Queensland Razorbacks.

The club colours were yellow shirts and Royal Navy blue shorts with the club sponsor "Kern" a local building company blazoned across the chest. All home games were played on a Saturday evening attracting much support from the locals, with back page headlines in the Townsville Bulletin often the norm whenever they played. The code was extremely well supported, more so than most National Soccer League (NSL) teams of that era.

Townsville Bulletin
The Townsville Bulletin is a daily newspaper published in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, formerly known as the Townsville Daily Bulletin.  It is the only daily paper that serves the northern Queensland region.  The paper has a print edition, a subscription digital edition and a website.

The newspaper is published by The North Queensland Newspaper Company Pty Ltd, which has been a subsidiary of News Limited since 1984.  News Limited is Australia's largest newspaper publisher and a subsidiary of News Corporation associated with Rupert Murdoch.

The Bulletin is published Monday through Saturday, with a higher price on the Saturday edition.  It is in tabloid format.
2004 Copa Sudamericana finals
The 2004 Copa Sudamericana finals was a two-legged football match-up to determine the 2004 Copa Sudamericana champion. It was contested by Bolivian club Bolívar and Argentinian club Boca Juniors. Both teams were playing in their first Copa Sudamericana finals. The first leg was played in Estadio Hernando Siles in La Paz on 8 December and the host team Bolívar won 1–0. The second leg was played in La Bombonera in Buenos Aires on 17 December and the host team Boca Juniors won 2–0, thus being crowned the champions.

It was also the first Copa Sudamericana trophy won by Boca Juniors, which as winners, earned the right to play in the 2005 Recopa Sudamericana against the winner of the 2004 Copa Libertadores.

2004 Copa Sudamericana
The 2004 Copa Nissan Sudamericana was the 3rd edition of CONMEBOL's secondary international football tournament. It was won by Argentine club Boca Juniors, who defeated Bolívar of Bolivia to win their first title.
2016 Western Athletic Conference softball tournament
The 2016 Western Athletic Conference softball tournament was held at Logan Field on the campus of Seattle University in Seattle, Washington from May 12 through May 14, 2016.  CSU Bakersfield earned its first Western Athletic Conference Tournament title, earning the league's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I softball tournament. All games were streamed online on the WAC Digital Network with Greg Sexton and Ashley Charters calling the action.

2016 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2016 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 20 through June 8, 2016 as the final part of the 2016 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams were to be selected out of an eligible 293 teams on May 15, 2016. Thirty-two teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference, and thirty-two teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2016 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City in which the Oklahoma Sooners were crowned the champions.
Jugla, Riga
Jugla is a neighbourhood of Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is located in the Vidzeme Suburb, west of the Lake Jugla and southeast of the Lake Ķīšezers. Jugla is bordered by Čiekurkalns, Mežciems and Teika to the west, Dreiliņi to the southwest, Brekši to the southeast and Bukulti to the east.

Mežciems, Riga
Mežciems is a neighbourhood of Riga, Latvia. The name is literally translated from Latvian as forest village. Mežciems is encircled by the Šmerlis and Jugla Forests. Lake Gaiļezers is located at the northern part of the neighbourhood. In its beginnings Mežciems was part of Dreiliņi county characterized by single-family houses.The northern part of Mežciems was included in Riga in 1934. The southern part of Mežciems was included in the city in 1974. Project of the new residential neighbourhood for 15000 people was finished in 1971. Majority of apartment blocks was constructed between 1975 and 1986. Originally the new apartments was granted to artists, medics and factory workers.
Chethipuzha
Chethipuzha  is in Changanacherry,  in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. Chethipuzha is home to many prominent educational and healthcare institutions, including Placid Vidya Vihar, Kristu Jyothi School, and the St. Thomas Hospital, Chethipuzha.

Christianity in Kerala
Christianity is the third-largest practiced religion in Kerala, accounting for 18% of the population according to the 2001 Indian census. According to traditional accounts, Thomas the Apostle sailed to the Malabar region in 52 AD and introduced Christianity to the area. However there is no historical evidence of Saint Thomas ever reaching Kerala. Although a minority, the Christian population of Kerala is proportionally much larger than that of India as a whole. A significant portion of the Indian Christian population resides in the state.
Fujiwara no Kimiko
Fujiwara no Kimiko (藤原（西園寺）公子; 1232 – 6 March 1304) was Empress of Japan as the consort of Emperor Go-Fukakusa, her nephew. She was also known as Higashinijō‘in (東二条院).

In 1293 (first year of the Einin era) she ordained as a Buddhist nun.

Issue

Second daughter: Imperial Princess Takako (貴子内親王)

Third daughter: Imperial Princess Reishi (姈子内親王), wife of Emperor Go-Uda

Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law
The Faculty of Law of the University in Belgrade (Serbian: Правни факултет Универзитета у Београду/Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu), also known as the Belgrade Law School, is one of the first-tier educational institutions of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. The building is located in the heart of the old part of Belgrade, in the urban neighborhood of Palilula, contiguously to the city park Tašmajdan, on Bulevar kralja Aleksandra.

Moot court
Moot court is a co-curricular activity at many law schools. Participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument. In many countries, the phrase "moot court" may be shortened to simply "moot" or "mooting". Participants are either referred to as "mooters" or, less conventionally, "mooties".
Neşe Aybey
Neşe Aybey (née Duyar; 2 March 1930 – 4 January 2015), also written Neş'e Aybey, was a Turkish painter, miniaturist and academic in the field of miniature art, one of the Traditional Turkish Arts and part of the Ottoman Book Arts. She was the older sister of sculptor Gürdal Duyar.

Meşher
Meşher is an art exhibition space on Istiklal Street in Istanbul, Turkey, operated by the private Vehbi Koç Foundation. Meşher was founded in 2019 in the building that formerly housed the Arter. The name Meşher is the Ottoman Turkish word (مشهر / مَشْهَرْ ) meaning exhibition or exhibition space.
Itivuttaka
The Itivuttaka (Pāli: "as it was said") is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pāli Canon of Theravāda Buddhism and is attributed to Khujjuttarā's recollection of Buddha's discourses. It is included there in the Sutta Piṭaka's Khuddaka Nikāya. It comprises 112 short teachings ascribed in the text to the Buddha, each consisting of a prose portion followed by a verse portion. The latter may be a paraphrase of the former, or complementary. Some scholars consider it one of the earliest of all Buddhist scriptures, while others consider it somewhat later.

Samavati
Sāmāvatī was one of the queens of King Udena of Kosambi. Her servant Khujjuttarā became a foremost female lay disciple when the queen sent her to hear the Buddha's teachings and tell her about the teachings. Sāmāvatī became so gladdened by Khujjuttarā's discourse, she invited Buddha and his monks regularly to the palace to preach the Dhamma to her and her 500 ladies in waiting. She became the foremost disciple in loving-kindness and compassion.
Jeremiah 40
Jeremiah 40 is the fortieth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapter 40 recounts that Jeremiah chose to remain in Judah and that the occupying Babylonians appointed Gedaliah as governor.

Alfred Rahlfs
Alfred Rahlfs (/rɑːlfs/; German: [ʀaːlfs]; 29 May 1865 – 8 April 1935) was a German Biblical scholar. He was a member of the history of religions school. He is known for his edition of the Septuagint published in 1935.
Eddie Morten
Eddie Morten (born 29 May 1962), also spelled 'Eddy', is a Canadian Paralympic athlete who won bronze in the 5 km Walk in 1980, gold in the -65 kg category in Wrestling in 1984, and bronze in Para judo in the -71 kg category in Para judo in 1988. Morten has been the Coordinator of the Deafblind Services Society of British Columbia's Volunteer Intervention Program since 2007, and in 2009 was awarded the Western Institute for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing's Award of Merit for his advocacy on behalf of the deaf-blind community. He is the younger brother of Pier Morten, another successful Canadian Paralympian. Morten was born deaf but with good vision, which has gradually deteriorated due to Usher Syndrome. He is now completely blind in his left eye and has severely limited vision in his right eye.

Para judo
Para judo (Paralympic judo) is an adaptation of the Japanese martial art of judo for visually impaired competitors. The rules of the sport are only slightly different from regular judo competitions. It has been part of the Summer Paralympics program since 1988 for men and 2004 for women.