hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roughing it in the Bush
Roughing It in the Bush (Full title: Roughing It in The Bush: or, Forest Life in Canada) is an account of life as a Canadian settler by Susanna Moodie. Moodie immigrated to Upper Canada (soon to become Canada West), near modern-day Peterborough, Ontario during the 1830s. At the suggestion of her editor, she wrote a "guide" to settler life for British subjects considering coming to Canada. Roughing It in the Bush was first published in London in 1852 (then Toronto in 1871). It was Moodie's most successful literary work. The work is part memoir, part novelization of her experiences, and is structured as a chronological series of sketches.

Catharine Parr Traill
Catharine Parr Traill (born Strickland; 9 January 1802 – 29 August 1899) was an English-Canadian author and naturalist who wrote about life in Canada, particularly what is now Ontario (then the colony of Upper Canada). In the 1830s, Canada covered an area considerably smaller than today. At the time, most of Upper Canada had not been explored by European settlers.

Throughout her long life, Traill wrote to generate income in support of her family. She wrote 24 books covering topics ranging from her life as a settler in Ontario to natural history, especially botany. Traill is considered a pioneer of Canada's natural history. Through her writing, she related the colonial experience and described the natural environment of Upper Canada for English readers.

Traill is considered an amateur botanist, because at the time, it was not possible for women to hold professional, paid positions.
Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was assassinated in his office inside his official residence at the Palais de Marbre, Kinshasa on 16 January 2001. The assassin who killed him was his 18-year-old bodyguard, Rashidi Mizele, who has also been previously identified as Rashidi Kasereka. Mizele was later shot dead. It was believed that some former child soldiers (kadogos) were part of this plan.

Rally for Congolese Democracy
The Congolese Rally for Democracy (French: Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie; abbreviated RCD), also known as the Rally for Congolese Democracy, is a political party and former rebel group that operated in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It was supported by the government of Rwanda, and was a major armed faction in the Second Congo War (1998-2003). It became a social liberal political party in 2003.
Jean Ferré
Jean Ferré (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fɛʁe]; 29 May 1929, in Saint-Pierre-les-Églises, now part of Chauvigny, Vienne – 10 October 2006, in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a French art historian and a right-wing political journalist. He was also the founder of the Paris-based Radio Courtoisie in 1987.

Alain Decaux
Alain Decaux (23 July 1925 − 27 March 2016) was a French historian. He was elected to the Académie française on 15 February 1979.

In 2005, he was, with others authors as Frédéric Beigbeder, Mohamed Kacimi, Richard Millet and Jean-Pierre Thiollet, among the Beirut Book Fair's main guests in the Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center, commonly (BIEL).
Parallelizable manifold
In mathematics, a differentiable manifold  of dimension n is called parallelizable if there exist smooth vector fields

on the manifold, such that at every point  of  the tangent vectors

provide a basis of the tangent space at .  Equivalently, the tangent bundle is a trivial bundle, so that the associated principal bundle of linear frames has a global section on

A particular choice of such a basis of vector fields on  is called a parallelization (or an absolute parallelism) of .

Tangent space
In mathematics, the tangent space of a manifold is a generalization of tangent lines to curves in two-dimensional space and tangent planes to surfaces in three-dimensional space in higher dimensions. In the context of physics, the tangent space to a manifold at a point can be viewed as the space of possible velocities for a particle moving on the manifold.
Radha Iyengar Plumb
Radha Iyengar Plumb is an American government official who served as the chief digital and artificial intelligence officer in the U.S. Department of Defense. She previously served as Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. She was confirmed for that position by the U.S. Senate on April 18, 2023 and assumed office later that month.

She was formerly the chief of staff to the Deputy Secretary of Defense.

United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
The deputy secretary of defense (acronym: DepSecDef) who is secondarily but informally titled the deputy secretary of war (DepSecWar), is a statutory office (10 U.S.C. § 132) and the second-highest-ranking official in the Department of Defense of the United States of America.

The deputy secretary is the principal civilian deputy to the secretary of defense, and is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The deputy secretary, by statute, is designated as the DoD chief management officer and must be a civilian, at least seven years removed from service as a commissioned officer on active-duty at the date of appointment.
The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters
The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters (1692–1725) was a club founded by Peter I of Russia. The group included many of Peter's closest friends, and its activities centered mostly around drinking and reveling. The group was not without controversies; some of its parodies against the Russian Orthodox Church in particular were heavily criticized.

Robert K. Massie
Robert Kinloch Massie III (January 5, 1929 – December 2, 2019) was an American journalist and historian.  He devoted much of his career to studying and writing about the House of Romanov, Russia's imperial family from 1613 to 1917. Massie was awarded the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Biography for Peter the Great: His Life and World. He also received awards for his book Catherine the Great: Portrait of a Woman (2011).

His book Nicholas and Alexandra (1967) was adapted as a British film by the same name that was released in 1971. It starred Michael Jayston and Janet Suzman in the title roles.
Schröder–Hipparchus number
In combinatorics, the Schröder–Hipparchus numbers form an integer sequence that can be used to count the plane trees with a given set of leaves, the ways of inserting parentheses into a sequence, and the ways of dissecting a convex polygon into smaller polygons by inserting diagonals. These numbers begin

1, 1, 3, 11, 45, 197, 903, 4279, 20793, 103049, ... (sequence A001003 in the OEIS).

They are also called the super-Catalan numbers, the little Schröder numbers, or the Hipparchus numbers, after Eugène Charles Catalan and his Catalan numbers, Ernst Schröder and the closely related Schröder numbers, and the ancient Greek mathematician Hipparchus who appears from evidence in Plutarch to have known of these numbers.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
KWQW
KWQW (98.3 FM, "The Vibe") is a top 40 radio station licensed to Boone, Iowa, and serving the Des Moines area. The station is currently owned by Cumulus Media. KWQW's studios are in Urbandale, along with Cumulus' other stations: KGGO, KJJY, KHKI, and KBGG. Its transmitter is located near Big Creek Lake southwest of Sheldahl.

Urbandale, Iowa
Urbandale is a city in Polk and Dallas counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The city was incorporated on April 16, 1917 and was a streetcar suburb of Des Moines. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 45,580. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area and is the 12th largest city in Iowa.

Urbandale grew rapidly in the 1960's and 1970's due to post–World War II economic expansion. In recent years Dallas County has been the fastest growing county in Iowa with population increasing more than 50% from 2010 to 2020. Even though Waukee is the main city in Dallas County that has increased population, the western part of Urbandale has also increased its population.
1st Army Aviation Support Regiment "Idra"
The 1st Army Aviation Support Regiment "Idra" (Italian: 1° Reggimento Sostegno Aviazione dell'Esercito "Idra") is an Italian Army unit based at the "Oscar Savini" Airfield in Manziana in Lazio. The regiment is part of the Italian Army's army aviation and assigned to the Army Aviation Support Brigade. The regiment provides 2nd-line maintenance, upgrade and test services for the A109 and AB 206 helicopters, which are in service with the Army Aviation Training Center at Viterbo Airport, and for the AB 205A, AB 212, and AB 412 helicopters, which are in service with the 2nd Army Aviation Regiment "Sirio", 4th Army Aviation Regiment "Altair", and 3rd Special Operations Helicopter Regiment "Aldebaran".

2nd Army Aviation Regiment "Sirio"
The 2nd Army Aviation Regiment "Sirio" (Italian: 2° Reggimento Aviazione dell'Esercito "Sirio") is an Italian Army regiment based at Lamezia Terme Airport in Calabria. The regiment is part of the army aviation and assigned to the Airmobile Brigade "Friuli". Formed in 1996 the regiment is responsible for helicopter operations in southern Italy and on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. The regiment, together with the 4th Army Aviation Regiment "Altair", constitutes the Italian Army's general support aviation capability. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all Italian Army aviation units, on 10 May 1953, the day the aviation speciality was founded.
Victoria River (lake Mégantic)
The Victoria River (in French: rivière Victoria) is a tributary of the Chaudière River, therefore a sub-tributary of the St. Lawrence River.

The Victoria River flows through the municipalities of Val-Racine, Piopolis and Marston, in the Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Le Granit Regional County Municipality
Le Granit (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁanit], lit. 'The Granite') is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec, Canada. Located directly south of Quebec City, it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches, as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine. It is named for its abundance of granite. Created in 1982, Le Granit's seat is Lac-Mégantic.
Léia Silva
Léia Henrique da Silva (born 1 March 1985) is a Brazilian volleyball player. She is a member of the Brazil women's national volleyball team and played for EC Pinheiros in 2014.

She was part of the Brazilian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy, and at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

2019 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2019 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the eleventh official edition of the Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship, played by five teams from February, 19 to February 23, 2019, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Minas Tênis Clube won its second consecutive and overall title, and qualified for the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship. The Brazilian middle blocker Carol Gattaz was elected the competition MVP.
Cameraria quercivorella
Cameraria quercivorella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia in Canada and Kentucky, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Texas, Vermont and Illinois in the United States.

The wingspan is 6.5–7 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus obtusiloba, Quercus rubra and Quercus stellata. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a blotch mine on the upperside of the leaf.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Suttor River Causeway
Suttor River Causeway is a heritage-listed causeway across the Suttor River on the Old Bowen Downs Road, now at St Anns Road, Mount Coolon, Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1876 by the Queensland Department of Public Works. It is also known as St Anns Crossing and Old Bowen Downs Road. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008.

Bowen Downs Station
22°28′08″S 145°00′11″E﻿ / ﻿22.469°S 145.003°E﻿ / -22.469; 145.003﻿ (Bowen Downs)

Bowen Downs Station is a pastoral lease that has operated both as a cattle station and a sheep station.

It is located about 49 kilometres (30 mi) east of Muttaburra and 61 kilometres (38 mi) north west of Aramac in the outback of Queensland. It is watered by the Thomson River and tributaries Reedy Creek and Cornish Creek that all run through the property.
Iulia Valentia Banasa
Iulia Valentia Banasa, corresponding to modern day Sidi Ali Boujnoun (Arabic: سيدي علي بوجنون), was a Roman-Berber city in northern Morocco. It was one of the three colonias in Mauretania Tingitana founded by emperor Augustus between 33 and 25 BC for veterans of the battle of Actium, on top of a Mauretanian village. The site was in fact already occupied by the local Amazigh people from the 4th century BC, or perhaps earlier.

Colonia (Roman)
A Roman colonia (pl.: coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. It is also the origin of the modern term "colony".
Zaboršt pri Šentvidu
Zaboršt pri Šentvidu (pronounced [zaˈbɔɾʃt pɾi ʃɛnˈtʋiːdu]; German: Saworst) is a settlement northeast of Šentvid pri Stični in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Šentvid pri Stični
Šentvid pri Stični (pronounced [ʃɛnˈtʋit pɾi ˈstiːtʃni] or [ʃənˈtʋit-]; German: Sankt Veit) is a settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. In addition to the sections of the main settlement known as Stari Trg (Slovene: Stari trg) and Zadolžna Vas (Zadolžna vas), it includes the hamlets of Travnik, Sveti Rok (German: Sankt Rochus), Omotce, Postaja Šentvid, and Marof.
EMMAN
EMMAN (East Midlands Metropolitan Area Network Limited) was a company limited by guarantee and jointly owned by its members, eight Higher Education Institutions in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom.

East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England. It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It consists of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire), Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, and Rutland. The region has a land area of 15,623 km2 (6,032 sq mi), with an estimated population 5,063,164 in 2024. With a sufficiency-level world city ranking, Nottingham is the only settlement in the region to be classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

The main cities in the region are Derby, Leicester, Lincoln and Nottingham. The largest towns in these counties are Boston, Chesterfield, Coalville, Corby, Glossop, Grantham, Kettering, Loughborough, Newark-on-Trent, Northampton, Mansfield, Oakham, Swadlincote and Wellingborough.
Assassination of John the Fearless
John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, was assassinated on the bridge at Montereau on 10 September 1419 during a parley with the French Dauphin (the future Charles VII of France), by Tanneguy du Chastel and Jean Louvet, the Dauphin's close counsellors.

Armagnac (party)
The Armagnac (US: /ˌɑːrmənˈjæk, ˌɑːrmɑːnˈjɑːk/, French: [aʁmaɲak] ⓘ) faction was prominent in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years' War.  It was allied with the supporters of Charles, Duke of Orléans against John the Fearless after Charles' father Louis of Orléans was killed on a Paris street on the orders of the Duke of Burgundy on 23 November 1407.

The Armagnac Faction took its name from Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac (1360–1418), Charles' father-in-law. He guided the teen-aged Charles and provided much of the financing and some of the seasoned Gascon troops that besieged Paris before their defeat at Saint-Cloud.
Primal scene
In psychoanalysis, the primal scene (German: Urszene) is the theory of the initial unconscious fantasy of a child of a sex act, between the parents, that organises the psychosexual development of that child.

The expression "primal scene" refers to the sight of sexual relations between the parents, as observed, constructed, or fantasized by the child and interpreted by the child as a scene of violence. The theory suggests that the scene is not understood by the child, remaining enigmatic but at the same time provoking sexual excitement.

Psychosexual development
In psychoanalysis, psychosexual development is a central element of the sexual drive theory. According to Sigmund Freud, personality develops through a series of childhood stages in which pleasure-seeking energies from the child become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous zone is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation. The five psychosexual stages are the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital. The erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure. Being unsatisfied at any particular stage can result in fixation. On the other hand, being satisfied can result in a healthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced frustration at any of the psychosexual developmental stages, they would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder.
Sigma Islands
The Sigma Islands are a group of small islands and rocks which lie 5.6 km (3 nmi) north of Eta Island and mark the north limit of the Melchior Islands, in the Palmer Archipelago. The name, derived from the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet, appears to have been first used on a 1946 Argentine government chart following surveys of these islands by Argentine expeditions in 1942 and 1943, The Island was discovered by The Argentinian navigator Vitór Martinez And a group of other navigators in 1874.

Eta Island (Palmer Archipelago)
Eta Island is an island, 2.8 kilometres (1.5 nmi) long, which lies immediately north of Omega Island in the Melchior Islands, Palmer Archipelago. This island, the largest feature in the northeast part of the Melchior Islands, is part of what was called "Île Melchior" by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, but the name Melchior now applies to the whole island group. Eta Island was roughly surveyed by Discovery Investigations personnel in 1927. The name, derived from eta, the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, appears to have been first used on a 1946 Argentine government chart following surveys of the Melchior Islands by Argentine expeditions in 1942 and 1943.
Distracted (Thundercat album)
Distracted is the upcoming fifth studio album by American musician Thundercat, set to be released through Brainfeeder on April 3, 2026. The album will come out six years after the artist's previous LP, It Is What It Is, and has been preceded by four singles: "No More Lies" with Tame Impala, "I Wish I Didn't Waste Your Time", "I Did This To Myself" featuring Lil Yachty, and "She Knows Too Much" featuring Mac Miller.

The album was executive produced by Thundercat and Greg Kurstin, with additional credits from Flying Lotus, Kenny Beats and The Lemon Twigs. It also features guest appearances from Tame Impala, Lil Yachty, A$AP Rocky, Channel Tres and Willow, as well as a posthumous feature by Mac Miller.

Domi and JD Beck
Domi and JD Beck (stylized as DOMi & JD BECK) are a jazz duo consisting of French keyboardist Domi Louna and American drummer JD Beck. The two met in 2018 and have since worked with Thundercat, Anderson .Paak, Herbie Hancock, Eric Andre, Ariana Grande, Earl Sweatshirt, Bruno Mars, Kim Namjoon, and many more. They released their first single, "Smile", and debut album, Not Tight, as a duo in 2022. They received two Grammy Award nominations in 2022, for Best New Artist and Best Contemporary Instrumental Album for Not Tight.
Victor Snieckus
Victor Snieckus (August 1, 1937 - December 18, 2020) was a synthetic organic chemist and professor emeritus at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was known for his influential research on directed ortho metalation.

Alfred Bader
Alfred Robert Bader CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history.
Religious views of William Shakespeare
The religious views of William Shakespeare are the subject of an ongoing scholarly debate dating back more than 150 years. The general assumption about William Shakespeare's religious affiliation is that he was a conforming member of the established Church of England. However, many scholars have speculated about his personal religious beliefs, based on analysis of the historical record and of his published work, with claims that Shakespeare's family may have had Catholic sympathies and that he himself was a secret Catholic.

Lollardy
Lollardy was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic theologian who was later dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for heresy. The Lollards' demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity. They formulated their beliefs in the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards.
Neutrophil collagenase
Neutrophil collagenase (EC 3.4.24.34, matrix metalloproteinase 8, PMNL collagenase, MMP-8) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Cleavage of interstitial collagens in the triple helical domain. Unlike EC 3.4.24.7, interstitial collagenase, this enzyme cleaves type III collagen more slowly than type I

This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family M10.

Interstitial collagenase
Interstitial collagenase, also known as fibroblast collagenase and  matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP1 gene.  The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3.  MMP-1 was the first vertebrate collagenase both purified to homogeneity as a protein, and cloned as a cDNA. MMP-1 has an estimated molecular mass of 54 kDa.