hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amantini
The Amantini (Ancient Greek: Ἄμαντες; Latin: Amantinii) was the name of a Pannonian Illyrian tribe.

The Amantini lived between the rivers Drava and Sava close to Sirmium . They remained outside the Roman sphere of influence before the Pannonian War (12-9 BCE) in which they fought against the Romans in alliance with other Illyrian peoples of Dalmatia and Pannonia. After the war and the Bellum Batonianum (6-9 CE) many of the youths of the leading Amantini families were taken hostages and many young males were sold as slaves in Italy. An inscription found in Bassianae which mentions the death of the ten-year old boy Scemaes is the only inscription which directly refers to the Amantini. Scemaes, son of Liccaus from the Undia family of the Amantini has been taken hostage by the Romans most probably during the Pannonian War. Young Scemaes drowned in a river near Emona by accident. His father Liccaus and his kinsmen Loriqus and Licaios dedicated an inscription and a cenotaph to his memory.

Bassianae
Bassianae or Bassiana (Serbian: Basijana or Басијана) was an important ancient Roman town in Pannonia (today Syrmia region in Vojvodina province, Serbia). It was located near present-day Donji Petrovci, a village in the Ruma municipality. Bassianae was the second largest town in Syrmia, after Sirmium. It was located on a road that connected Sirmium and Singidunum.
Sachicasaurus
Sachicasaurus is an extinct genus of brachauchenine pliosaurid known from the Barremian of the Paja Formation, Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Colombian Eastern Ranges of the Andes. The type species is S. vitae.

Pliosauridae
Pliosauridae is a family of plesiosaurian marine reptiles from the Latest Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous (Rhaetian to Turonian stages). The family is more inclusive than the archetypal short-necked large headed species that are placed in the subclade Thalassophonea, with early, primitive forms resembling other plesiosaurs with long necks.

The largest thalassophonean pliosaurs reached 10–11 metres (33–36 ft), in length, with around a quarter of this length being the head. Thalassophonean pliosaurs represented the largest marine predators during their existence, spanning more than 80 million years.

Pliosaurs went extinct during the early Late Cretaceous and were subsequently replaced by the mosasaurs.
British Electricity Authority
The British Electricity Authority (BEA) was established as the central British electricity authority in 1948 under the nationalisation of Great Britain's electricity supply industry enacted by the Electricity Act 1947. The BEA was responsible for the generation, transmission and sale of electricity to area electricity boards, and the development and maintenance of an efficient, coordinated and economical system of electricity supply.

North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board (1943–1990) was founded to design, construct and manage hydroelectricity projects in the Highlands of Scotland. It is regarded as one of the major achievements of Scottish politician Thomas Johnston, who chaired the board from 1945 to 1959.
Haim Messika
Haim Messika (Hebrew: חיים מסיקה) is a former Israeli footballer who played in Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Kfar Saba.
He is the father of Reef Messika, also a footballer who plays for Hapoel Kfar Saba in Liga Leumit.

Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C.
Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל כפר סבא, Moadon Kaduregel Hapoel Kfar Saba) is an Israeli football club based in Kfar Saba. The club competes in the Liga Leumit and plays home matches at Levita Stadium.
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
This glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the study of genetics and evolutionary biology, as well as sub-disciplines and related fields, with an emphasis on classical genetics, quantitative genetics, population biology,  phylogenetics, speciation, and systematics. It has been designed as a companion to Glossary of cellular and molecular biology, which contains many overlapping and related terms; other related glossaries include Glossary of biology and Glossary of ecology.

Population biology
The term population biology has been used with different meanings.

In 1971, Edward O. Wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. Alan Hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in population dynamics. The name was also used for a course given at UC Davis in the late 2010s, which describes it as an interdisciplinary field combining the areas of ecology and evolutionary biology. The course includes mathematics, statistics, ecology, genetics, and systematics. Numerous types of organisms are studied.

The journal Theoretical Population Biology is published.
Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
The rise of the Western notion of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire eventually caused the breakdown of the Ottoman millet system. The concept of nationhood, which was different from the preceding religious community concept of the millet system, was a key factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro
Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Данило I Петровић-Његош; 25 May 1826 – 13 August 1860) was the ruling Prince of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860. The beginning of his reign marked the transition of Montenegro from a traditional theocratic form of government (Prince-Bishopric) into a secular Principality.

He became involved in a war with the Ottoman Empire in 1852, the Porte claiming jurisdiction in Montenegro, and the boundaries between the two countries were not defined until 1858. Danilo, with the help of his elder brother, Voivode Mirko, defeated the Ottomans at Ostrog in 1853 and in the Battle of Grahovac in 1858. The town of Danilovgrad is named after him.
2010–11 Handball-Bundesliga
The 2010–11 Handball-Bundesliga is the 46th season of the Handball-Bundesliga, Germany's premier handball league, and the 34th season consisting of only one league. The season started on the weekend of 25 August 2010 and will end with the last games on 4 June 2011. The defending champions are THW Kiel. As in previous years the league is sponsored by Toyota and carries the official name Toyota-Handball-Bundesliga.

Handball-Bundesliga
The Handball-Bundesliga (HBL), currently known as Daikin Handball-Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top German professional handball league. From 2007 to 2012, the league was sponsored by Toyota and was officially called the Toyota Handball-Bundesliga. In 2012 the Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) became the new sponsor. As of 2024, the latest league sponsor is Daikin and the official name has consequently been changed to Daikin Handball-Bundesliga. The winners of the respective season are the official German handball champions.
The HBL is headquartered in Dortmund.
Brett Wheeler
Brett Wheeler (born 21 November 1971) is an Australian former professional basketball player in the National Basketball League. A 6-foot-10-inch (208 cm) tall Centre or Power forward, Wheeler played for the Adelaide 36ers, South East Melbourne Magic, Victoria Titans, Perth Wildcats and the Sydney Kings during his 17-year career, appearing in a record 8 NBL Grand Finals (at least once with each team) and won the 2003–04 and 2004–05 NBL championship with the Kings. He also represented Australia at international level during his career.

2003–04 NBL season
The 2003–04 NBL season was the 26th season of competition since its establishment in 1979. A total of 12 teams contested the league. This season marked the first NBL season that featured the New Zealand Breakers, the first New Zealand team in the Australian competition. Also, the Canberra Cannons were replaced by the Hunter Pirates.
Lindesay, Darling Point
Lindesay is a heritage-listed former residence and now offices, functions and house museum located at 1a Carthona Avenue, Darling Point, Sydney, Australia. It was designed by James Chadley and Edward Hallen (attributed), Francis Clarke and Robertson & Marks (service wing) and built from 1834 to 1836. The property is owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. Lindesay was the first major house to be constructed on Darling Point and is aesthetically important as the earliest example of the domestic Gothic Revival style in Sydney. Some of its residents were colourful figures who played an important part in the history of New South Wales.

Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet (born Isaac Ascough; 23 November 1808 – 8 November 1903) was an English-Australian politician, university founder, explorer, pastoralist, antiquarian and philanthropist. The Nicholson Museum at the University of Sydney was named after him.
Friend (2001 film)
Friend (Korean: 친구) is a 2001 South Korean neo-noir action film written and directed by Kwak Kyung-taek. Upon its release, it became the highest-grossing South Korean movie up to that time. Its record was surpassed in 2003 by Silmido.

This film is the director's experiences with his friends, a semi-autobiography set in his hometown, Busan, and the actors speak with a strongly accented Busan dialect. The film changed the public images of Jang Dong-gun and Yu Oh-seong; previously, Jang had been famous for romantic comedies and Yu had appeared in movies with mostly cult interest.

Silmido (film)
Silmido (Korean: 실미도) is a 2003 South Korean action drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is based on the 1999 novel Silmido by Baek Dong-ho, which in turn is based on the true story of Unit 684. Some parts of the film are dramatizations, as the actual details of certain events remain unknown. The film was both critically well received and a financial success, and was the first film in South Korea to attract a box office audience of over 10 million viewers.
Carlee Russell disappearance hoax
On July 13, 2023, nursing student Carlethia Nichole Russell (born July 22, 1997) disappeared for 49 hours in Hoover, Alabama before reappearing and falsely reporting a kidnapping claim to police. The story of her disappearance earned wide attention via social media platforms. On July 24, Russell admitted she had fabricated the story, and had not been abducted. She was sentenced to a year's probation in March 2024.

Hoover, Alabama
Hoover is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in north central Alabama, United States. Hoover is the largest suburban city in Alabama and the sixth largest city in Alabama. The population was 92,606 at the 2020 census. Hoover is part of the Birmingham, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area and is also included in the Birmingham-Cullman-Talladega, AL Combined Statistical Area. Hoover's territory is along the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains.

The Birmingham Barons Minor League Baseball team, which traces its history to 1885, played its home games at the 10,800-seat Hoover Metropolitan Stadium from 1988 through 2013, when it moved to Regions Field in the Parkside District of Birmingham.
Matsudaira Norikata
Count Matsudaira Norikata (松平 乗謨, December 18, 1839 – January 26, 1910) was the 8th and final daimyō of Okutono in Mikawa Province, and 1st (and final) daimyō of Tanoguchi Domain in Shinano Province. He served in the Tokugawa shogunate in the positions of Rōjū and Wakadoshiyori, and became a leader in the Meiji government following the Meiji Restoration as a politician. He was one of the founders of the Japanese Red Cross. He is also known as Ogyū Yuzuru (大給恒).

Wakadoshiyori
The Wakadoshiyori (若年寄), or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in the Edo period Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1867). The position was established around 1633, but appointments were irregular until 1662.  The four to six wakadoshiyori were subordinates to the rōjū in status, but they ranked above the jisha-bugyō.  The served for a month at a time on a rotating basis and were selected from the ranks of the fudai daimyō. There were periods when the number of wakadoshiyori rose to 6 or 7 at one time.

The wakadoshiyori were tasked with supervising the direct vassals of the shōgun, namely the hatamoto  and gokenin using reports provided by the metsuke. They also oversaw the activities of artisans and physicians, organised and supervised public works projects and were in change of the shōgun's personal guards. In the event of war, the wakadoshiyori were theoretically to lead the hatamoto in battle.
Seven Great Lords of Narnia
The Seven Great Lords of Narnia are fictional characters from The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis. They are briefly mentioned in Prince Caspian and are central to the plot in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, the second and third published books, respectively, in the series.

In the book Prince Caspian, Caspian overthrows Miraz, with the help of the Old Narnians, to take his rightful position as King of Narnia. In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader he sets sail for the Lone Islands and beyond to look for the seven lords who had been sent to explore the lands beyond the Eastern Ocean.

Eustace Scrubb
Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia. He appears in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair, and The Last Battle. In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, he is accompanied by Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, his cousins. In The Silver Chair and The Last Battle, he is accompanied by Jill Pole, a classmate from his school.
Stericantitruncated tesseractic honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the stericantitruncated tesseractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. It is composed of runcitruncated 16-cell, cantitruncated tesseract, rhombicuboctahedral prism, truncated cuboctahedral prism, and 4-8 duoprism facets, arranged around an irregular 5-cell vertex figure.

Cantellated tesseract
In four-dimensional geometry, a cantellated tesseract is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a cantellation (a 2nd order truncation) of the regular tesseract.

There are four degrees of cantellations of the tesseract including with permutations truncations. Two are also derived from the 24-cell family.
Treig Pronschinske
Treig E. Pronschinske (born July 7, 1978) is an American businessman and Republican politician from Buffalo County, Wisconsin.  He is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 29th Assembly district since 2025; he previously represented the 92nd Assembly district from 2017 to 2025.

Mondovi, Wisconsin
Mondovi (/mɒnˈdoʊvi/ mon-DOH-vee) is a city  along the Buffalo River in Buffalo County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,845 at the 2020 census. The city is mostly surrounded by the Town of Mondovi, with a small portion surrounded by the Town of Naples.
Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Flexible defense
The flexible defense is a military theory about the design of modern fortifications. The examples of "flexible" defense-lines (Mannerheim Line, Árpád Line, Bar Lev Line) are not based on dense lines of heavily armed, large and expensive concrete fortifications as the systems such as the Maginot Line were. Their protective capacity hinges on multiple lines of obstacles and small shelters fitting into the environment. They are "flexible" because soldiers are not locked in pillboxes, but fight instead in easily replaceable open earth-wood made positions, while bunkers serve only as shelters during bombardments. As a result, they are able to adapt to the opponent's movements, and there are no easily targeted large buildings in these lines.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Flood City Music Festival
Flood City Music Festival is an annual music festival held in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, presented by the Johnstown Area Heritage Association.
The festival began in 1989 as a street fair to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Johnstown Flood.  The event was renamed the National Folk Festival in 1990, and was held in Johnstown's Cambria City neighborhood from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, it was renamed the Johnstown FolkFest and eventually the festival moved from Cambria City to downtown Johnstown in 2004. The festival emphasized acoustic music, but was expanded and renamed the Flood City Music Festival in 2009 to include other styles of music.

2020 saw no festival, but it resumed the next year.

Terrance Simien
Terrance Simien (born September 3, 1965) is an American zydeco musician, vocalist and songwriter. He and his group The Zydeco Experience won the Grammy Award for Best Zydeco or Cajun Music Album in 2008 and for Best Regional Roots Music Album in 2014.
Jerry Capehart
Jerry Neil Capehart (August 22, 1928 – June 7, 1998) was an American songwriter and music manager. Capehart co-wrote the songs "Summertime Blues" and "C'mon Everybody" with Eddie Cochran, whom he also managed.  One of his most-recorded songs, "Turn Around, Look at Me," was a chart hit for Glen Campbell (his first), the Lettermen, and the Vogues.

The Lettermen
The Lettermen are an American male pop vocal trio whose trademark is close-harmony pop songs with light arrangements. The group started in 1959. They have had two Top 10 singles (both No. 7), 16 Top 10 singles on the Adult Contemporary chart (including one No. 1), 32 consecutive Billboard chart albums, 11 gold records, and four Grammy nominations.
Batman: Three Jokers
Batman: Three Jokers is an American comic book limited series published by the publishing company DC Comics. It is a spiritual successor to Batman: The Killing Joke and Batman: A Death in the Family. The three-issue storyline was written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Jason Fabok and Brad Anderson, began in August and concluded in October 2020. In Three Jokers, Batman, Batgirl and Red Hood follow a lead on the Joker, who appears to have been three different men all along.

The Three Jokers storyline was published under DC Black Label, an imprint allowing writers to present unique takes on DC characters for a mature audience.

DC Black Label
DC Black Label (also referred to simply as Black Label) is an imprint of American comic book publisher DC Comics consisting of original miniseries and reprints of books previously published under other imprints. The imprint intends to present traditional DC Universe characters for a mature audience with stand-alone Prestige Format series. The first title of the imprint, Batman: Damned, was released on September 19, 2018.
Irek Faizullin
Irek Envarovich Faizullin (born 8 December 1962) is a Russian politician who is currently the Minister for Construction and Housing since 10 November 2020. He was deputy minister for construction and housing from 22 January 2020 until 9 November 2020, when Prime Minister of Russia Mikhail Mishustin nominated Faizullin for the post of Minister of Construction & Housing. He was approved by the State Duma and confirmed the post on 10 November. During his nomination, he advocated for a program that focused on achieving a set of goals before the 2024 Russian presidential election, including building more houses to have at least 33 square meters of housing per person and housing renovation

Mikhail Mishustin
Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the prime minister of Russia since 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to 2020.

President Vladimir Putin nominated Mishustin to become prime minister on 15 January 2020, following the resignation of Dmitry Medvedev and the rest of the government to allow for sweeping constitutional changes. Hearings on his appointment took place in the State Duma on 16 January, and he was confirmed in office that day.

Mishustin has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
Asaduzzaman Khan
Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal (Bengali: আসাদুজ্জামান খাঁন কামাল; born 31 December 1950) is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the Minister of Home Affairs from 2015 to 2024 as a member of the deposed Awami League. He has been convicted by International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh as one of the key perpetrators of the July massacre, for which he is currently wanted by the government of Bangladesh.

He also held the constituent seats of Dhaka-11 from 2009 to 2014, and Dhaka-12 from 2014 to 2024.

Minister of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)
The home minister of Bangladesh is the minister in charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. He is also the minister of all departments and agencies under the Ministry of Home Affairs. During the Caretaker government period the minister of Home affairs is known as Adviser of Home affairs.

Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman was the first person appointed to this office by the then Mujibnagar government formed during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971.
Otto Kretschmer
Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 – 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War.

From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, for a record total of 274,333 tons. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. After the war, he served in the German Federal Navy, from which he retired in 1970 with the flag rank of commodore.

Officer cadet
Officer cadet is a rank held by military personnel during their training to become commissioned officers.  In the United Kingdom, the rank is also used by personnel of University Service Units such as the University Officers' Training Corps.

The term officer trainee is used interchangeably in some countries.