hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministry of War (game)
Ministry of War (Chinese: 帝国文明; pinyin: Dìguó Wénmíng; literally Civilizations of Empires), known in the formerly separate European version as Terra Militaris, is a massively multiplayer online browser-based strategy game developed by Chinese developer Suzhou Snail Electronic Co., Ltd. (Snail Games). It is published in the United States and Europe by its U.S. publishing division, Snail Games USA. It was released on November 27, 2010 in Europe. In 2014 the European game service transferred from Webzen to Snail Games USA.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
2008 Vuelta a Murcia
The 2008 Vuelta a Murcia was the 24th edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 4 March to 8 March 2008. The race started in San Pedro del Pinatar and finished in Murcia. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde.

Vuelta a Murcia
The Vuelta Ciclista a Murcia  (English: Tour of Murcia) is a road bicycle race held in and around Murcia, Spain. The first four editions were reserved to amateurs. Originally the race was held in early March and consisted of five stages. However, due to Spain's financial turmoil, the race was scaled back to three stages in 2011 and two stages in 2012. From 2013 to 2018 the Vuelta a Murcia was organised as a single-day race and shifted to mid-February on the international calendar. In 2019 the race was expanded to two stages. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1 event. However, due to the postponement of the 2021 edition to May, the race was reverted to its one-day nature, with the expectation that the race will continue as a two-day event in future editions.
2013 KPL Top 8 Cup
The 2013 KPL Top 8 Cup was the third edition of the tournament, which was originally scheduled to run from 3 April to 2 June 2013, but had the date of its final changed to 24 July. It was contested by the top 8 teams of the 2012 Kenyan Premier League season: A.F.C. Leopards, Chemelil Sugar, Gor Mahia, Mathare United, Sofapaka, Thika United, Tusker and Ulinzi Stars.

Gor Mahia were the defending champions, having won their first title the previous season, but were eliminated by eventual champions Tusker in the semi-finals, who beat Thika United to clinch their first title.

2012 KPL Top 8 Cup
The 2012 KPL Top 8 Cup was the second edition of the football tournament which ran from 14 March to 19 August 2012. It was contested by the top 8 teams of the 2011 Kenyan Premier League season: A.F.C. Leopards, Chemelil Sugar, Gor Mahia, Rangers, Sofapaka, Sony Sugar, Tusker and Ulinzi Stars.

Ulinzi Stars were the defending champions, having won their first title in the inaugural edition of the tournament, but were denied a second title after losing to champions Gor Mahia in the final.
Sedgeford
Sedgeford is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, about 5 miles south of the North Sea and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the Wash. It is 36 miles northwest of Norwich.

Its area of 6.6 square miles (17 km2) had a population, including Fring, of 613 at the 2011 Census. It was estimated to have a population of 601 in 2019. It belongs to the local governance of  King's Lynn and West Norfolk district. It lies in a farming valley with main crops of barley, wheat and sugar beet, in a belt of chalk with the small Docking River running through.

King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in the town of King's Lynn. The district also includes the towns of Downham Market and Hunstanton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The population of the district at the 2021 census was 154,325.

Part of the borough lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The borough lies on the coast, facing both The Wash to the west and the North Sea to the north. The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Breckland, West Suffolk, East Cambridgeshire, Fenland and South Holland.
Sason District
Sason District is a district of the Batman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Sason. Its area is 706 km2, and its population is 30,182 (2021). It was formerly part of the sanjak of Siirt, which was in Diyarbakır vilayet until 1880 and in Bitlis Vilayet in 1892. Later it became part of Muş sanjak in Bitlis vilayet, and remained part of Muş until 1927. It was one of the districts of Siirt province until 1993. The boundaries of the district varied considerably in time. The current borders are not the same as in the 19th century, when the district of Sasun was situated more to the north (mostly territory now included in the central district of Muş).

Muş
Muş (pronounced [muʃ]; Armenian: Մուշ; Kurdish: Mûş) is a city in eastern Turkey and one of the principal cities of the predominantly Kurdish-inhabited region of eastern Anatolia. It is the seat of Muş Province and Muş District. Its population is 120,699 (2022). The city is majority Kurdish.
Minister for Civil Society
The minister for civil society was a position within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport in the Government of the United Kingdom. It concerned and directly supported charities, volunteering and social enterprise.

The office was established during the third Blair ministry as Minister for the Third Sector. The office was renamed to support the Big Society manifesto-committed agenda of the first and second Cameron ministries. Before the new commitments and Cabinet reshuffle on formation of the May Ministry in 2016 the Office for Civil Society supporting the Minister was part of the Cabinet Office. Some responsibilities were moved to the office of Minister for Sport and Civil Society following the 2017 general election.

Big Society
The Big Society was a sociopolitical concept of the first 15 years of the 21st century, developed by the populist Steve Hilton, that sought to integrate free market economics with a conservative paternalist conception of the social contract that was influenced by the 1990s civic conservatism of David Willetts. The Big Society influenced the 2010 UK Conservative Party general election manifesto and the legislative programme of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement. The relevant policy areas were devolved in Northern Ireland, in Scotland and in Wales, to, respectively, the Northern Ireland Executive, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government.

British PM David Cameron, and subsequent British Governments, declined to publicly use the term "Big Society" after 2013. The Big Society Network was dissolved in 2014 and the unfavourable conclusive Big Society audit, by Civil Exchange, was published in January 2015.
Shotover
Shotover is a hill and forest in the civil parish of Forest Hill with Shotover, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. The hill is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Oxford. Its highest point is 557 feet (170 m) above sea level.

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Its council is temporarily based outside the district at Abingdon-on-Thames pending a planned move to Didcot, the district's largest town. The areas located south of the River Thames are within the historic county of Berkshire.
Christine Rosen
Christine Allison Rosen (born July 1973) is an American historian and author. She is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, and a columnist and podcaster for Commentary.

American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.
Deposition (phase transition)
Deposition is the phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. Deposition is a thermodynamic process. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Gorkamorka (video game)
Gorkamorka, also styled as GorkaMorka and Gorka Morka, was a cancelled vehicular combat video game developed by Realtime Associates and to be published by Ripcord Games.  It was based on the Gorkamorka board game by Games Workshop. The game was developed for Microsoft Windows and Dreamcast.

The game had players taking control of a vehicle piloted by two Orks, one driver and one gunner, who were fighting against up to 15 enemy vehicles, 32 players in total with the aim of destroying opposing vehicles.

Vehicles would have been totally customisable and arenas featured booby traps and crowd interaction.

Vehicular combat game
A vehicular combat game (or car combat game) is a vehicle simulation video game where the primary gameplay objectives include vehicles armed with weapons attempting to destroy vehicles controlled by the CPU or by opposing players. The genre normally features a variety of different vehicles available for play, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and special attack abilities. Players may also unlock hidden vehicles by completing certain in-game tasks. Games may include racing themes, but they are generally secondary to the action.
Wang (surname)
Wang (/wɑːŋ/) is the pinyin romanization of the common Chinese surname 王 (Wáng). It has a mixture of various origin with uncertain lineage of family history, however it is currently the most common surname in Mainland China, one of the most common surnames in Asia, with more than 107 million in Asia. It is the 8th name listed in the famous Hundred Family Surnames.

A separate surname 汪 (Wāng) is also romanized as Wang.

Wang also has less common unrelated origins in the Scandinavian and Germanic languages.

Zi (surname)
Zi (子) was the royal surname of the Kings of the Shang dynasty, originally from their ancestor named Xie (契). After the fall of the Shang and the rise of the Zhou dynasty, the royal family changed their surname to Yīn (殷), the name of their capital. Other names derived from Zi include Kong (孔), which was created by graphically combining “子” with “乙” Yi, from 太乙, the courtesy name of King Tang of Shang.

In modern times, it was found to be the 413th-most common surname, shared by 110,000 people.
Dale Patricks
Michael Passmore better known by his ring name Dale Patricks is an American professional wrestler working as a freelancer, best known for his tenure with Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), IWA Mid-South (IWA) and other promotions from the American independent scene.

IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship
The IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship is a tag team title in the IWA Mid-South promotion. The title debuted in 1997, but was abandoned before the year was out, and had a brief revival in 2002. The title was brought back from 2004 to 2008 and then once again from 2017 to the present. When it was reactivated in 2017, it was done via the Candido Cup, an eight-team tournament held on April 27, 2017. There have been a total of 44 reigns shared between 35 different teams consisting of 67 distinctive champions and five vacancies. The current champions are Dale Patricks and Kevin Giza, who are in their first reign as a team.
Yuto Horigome (skateboarder)
Yuto Horigome (堀米 雄斗, Horigome Yūto; born 7 January 1999) is a Japanese professional skateboarder and two-time Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the inaugural Olympic men's street event at the 2020 Summer Olympics, becoming the first person to win gold in men's street skateboarding at the Summer Olympics. He defended his gold medal in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Skatepark of Tampa
The Skatepark of Tampa is a skatepark in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is considered one of the top skateboarding venues on the East Coast of the United States. The name is often abbreviated as SPoT, and it is well known for its annual Tampa Am and Tampa Pro competitions.
Cover system
A cover system is a video game gameplay mechanic that lets certain areas of virtual space, usually a three-dimensional map, provide game characters a protective zone to hide from detection or circumvent taking damage, which can be dynamic and/or variable in games with destructible environments. The mechanism is seen in shooter games, stealth games, real-time tactics (RTT) games and, to a lesser extent, real-time strategy (RTS) games, and is a digital adaptation of the real-life military tactic of defilade behind obstacles, for purposes of attaining defensive advantage against enemy direct fire, suppressive or area of effect attacks.

Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas is the fifth main game in the Rainbow Six series of video games. It was released in November 2006 for the Xbox 360, December 2006 for Windows, and in June 2007 for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable. The game's storyline follows a new team that is dispatched to Las Vegas, Nevada to defeat international terrorist Irena Morales and her army of mercenaries that are repeatedly attacking key locations in the city. A sequel developed by Ubisoft Montreal was released on Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 consoles in March 2008 and on PC in April 2008. The game is also playable on Xbox Series X with online features still available.
Zuzanna Ginczanka
Zuzanna Polina Gincburg (March 22, 1917 – 1944), known by her pen name Zuzanna Ginczanka, was a Polish-Jewish poet of the interwar period. Although she only published a single collection of poetry in her lifetime, her book O centaurach (On Centaurs, 1936) created a sensation in Poland's literary circles. She was arrested and executed in Kraków shortly before the end of World War II.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
StarMetro (bus service)
StarMetro is the city-owned and operated public bus service for Tallahassee, Florida, and was previously known as TalTran.

StarMetro operates both fixed-route and dial-a-ride service in the Tallahassee metropolitan area with a focus on sustainability and innovation. StarMetro received multiple federal grants between 2011 and 2023 to purchase battery-electric buses and construct new transit facilities.

Charles Kenzie Steele
Charles Kenzie Steele (February 17, 1914 – (1980-08-19)August 19, 1980) was a preacher and a civil rights activist. He was one of the main organizers of the 1956 Tallahassee bus boycott, and a prominent member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference amongst other civil rights organizations. Steele dedicated time and efforts to desegregating schools and public transportation. The city of Tallahassee honored Steele by adding him to the Florida Civil Rights Hall of Fame, adding a statue of him to the bus terminal, and naming a charter school after him.
Vanessa Kraven
Vanessa Kraven (born February 10, 1982), is a Canadian  professional wrestler who competed in several independent promotions in both the United States and Canada. She made several trips to Japan for wrestling between 2006-2010 and was a competitor in WWE's second Mae Young Classic tournament in 2018. 
After having suffered a broken ankle in late 2018, Kraven returned to pro wrestling and had a match against Hikaru Shida for All Elite Wrestling's AEW Dark in October 2022 and has been active on the independent scene since.

Professional wrestling tag team match types
Much like the singles match, tag team professional wrestling matches can and have taken many forms. Just about any singles or melee match type can be adapted to tag teams; for example, hardcore tag team matches are commonplace. Tag team ladder match and variations are also frequently used as a title feud blow-off match. Stipulations, such as "I quit" or "loser leaves town" may also be applied.

The following are match variations that are specific to tag team wrestling.
Hasani Palace
The Hasani Palace  (Arabic: القصر الحسني, romanized: al-Qaṣr al-Ḥasanī) was the first caliphal palace to be built in East Baghdad, and the main residence of the Abbasid caliphs in the city during the 9th and 10th centuries. As such it formed the nucleus around which a large complex of palaces and gardens emerged, that would be the residence of the Abbasid caliphs until the Sack of Baghdad by the Mongols.

Guy Le Strange
Guy Le Strange (24 July 1854 – 24 December 1933) was a British Orientalist noted especially for his work in the field of the historical geography of the pre-modern Middle Eastern and Eastern Islamic lands, and his editing of Persian geographical texts. He was a scholar of the Persian, Arabic, and Spanish languages.

Le Strange was one of the original trustees of the E. J. W. Gibb Memorial, an organisation which since 1905 has published the Gibb Memorial Series.

He was born in Brussels, Belgium, the youngest child of Henry L'Estrange Styleman Le Strange of Hunstanton Hall, Norfolk, educated at Clifton College and died in Cambridge.
Auxiliary particle filter
In statistics, the auxiliary particle filter (APF) is a particle filter algorithm introduced by Michael K. Pitt and Neil Shephard in 1999 to improve upon the sequential importance resampling (SIR) method, a technique in Bayesian filtering that uses random samples (or "particles") to track underlying patterns in noisy data. SIR can falter when observations come from heavy-tailed distributions—where extreme values are more common than in typical models—leading to poor performance. The APF enhances this by using an auxiliary variable (an extra step to focus on likely samples) to guide the sampling process, making it more effective for complex state-space models (systems tracking hidden patterns over time).

For example, in tracking a stock price with sudden jumps, APF adapts to erratic changes better than SIR. This method is widely used in time series analysis and signal processing.

Recursive Bayesian estimation
In probability theory, statistics, and machine learning, recursive Bayesian estimation, also known as a Bayes filter, is a general probabilistic approach for estimating an unknown probability density function (PDF) recursively over time using incoming measurements and a mathematical process model. The process relies heavily upon mathematical concepts and models that are theorized within a study of prior and posterior probabilities known as Bayesian statistics.
NGC 2890
NGC 2890 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Hydra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5455 ± 37 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 80.45 ± 5.67 Mpc (~263 million light-years). It was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth on 11 January 1886.

The SIMBAD database lists NGC 2890 as a Seyfert II Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nuclei with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 2890: SN 2023xnl (Type Ia, mag 17.4931) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 11 November 2023.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Texas A&M Aggies football under Mike Sherman
Mike Sherman was the 28th head coach for the Texas A&M Aggies football team, which represents Texas A&M University in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  He was the head coach since his appointment in November 2007 until being fired December 1, 2011. Sherman replaced Dennis Franchione.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
History of California wine
California wine has a long and continuing history, and in the late twentieth century became recognized as producing some of the world's finest wine. While wine is made in all fifty U.S. states, up to 90% (by some estimates) of American wine is produced in the state. California would be the fourth largest producer of wine in the world if it were an independent nation.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.