hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Republic of Crimea (Russia)
The Republic of Crimea is a republic of Russia, comprising most of the Crimean Peninsula, but excluding Sevastopol. Its territory corresponds to the pre-2023 territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a de jure subdivision of Ukraine. Russia occupied and annexed the peninsula in 2014, although the annexation remains internationally unrecognized.

The capital and largest city located within its borders is Simferopol, which is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. As of the 2021 Russian census, the Republic of Crimea had a population of 1,934,630.

Sevastopol City Council
The Sevastopol City Council (Crimean Tatar: Aqyar şeer şurası, Russian: Севастопольский городской совет, romanized: Sevastopol'skiy gorodskoy sovet, Ukrainian: Севастопольська міська рада, romanized: Sevastopolska miska rada) is the de jure unicameral legislature of the Ukrainian city of Sevastopol, composed of 76 members.
Astrebla squarrosa
Astrebla squarrosa, commonly known as bull Mitchell grass, is a long lived herb of the family Poaceae. It is often seen growing to 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall. Its common name is one bestowed in honour of Thomas Mitchell. The plant can be found on floodplains and heavy dark clay soils in arid to semi-arid Australia, being regarded as the most flood tolerant of the Astrebla grasses. Flowering occurs in response to rain. The coarse stems and difficult digestibility make it a less desirable Mitchell grass for livestock.

Astrebla
Astrebla is a small genus of xerophytic (adapted to survive in an environment with little liquid water) grasses found only in Australia. They are the dominant grass across much of the continent. They are commonly known as Mitchell grass after Scottish explorer Thomas Mitchell (1792-1855), who first collected a specimen near Bourke in New South Wales.

Mitchell grasses grow on clay soils, mainly between an upper limit of 600 millimetres or 24 inches and a lower limit of 200 millimetres or 8 inches average annual rainfall, and at even lower rainfall in depressions where the water concentrates following rains, for example in Sturt's Stony Desert. Mitchell grasses are deep-rooted and become dormant during drought, allowing them to survive extended periods without rainfall.

They are commonly found clumped together and reaching one metre high, providing habitat for organisms such as mammals.

Species
Warszawa Ursus-Niedźwiadek railway station
Warszawa Ursus–Niedźwiadek railway station is a railway station in the Ursus district of Warsaw, Poland.  The station is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, which runs trains from Skierniewice to Warszawa Wschodnia, and Szybka Kolej Miejska, which runs trains from Pruszków PKP to Otwock.

Skierniewice railway station
Skierniewice railway station is a railway station serving Skierniewice in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is classed as a regional station on the classification of Polish railway stations and is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, which runs services from Skierniewice to Warszawa Wschodnia, and Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna which runs services to Warsaw, Łowicz and Łódź.

It was built as part of the second stage of the Warsaw–Vienna railway which opened in 1845. The station building was built in 1875, burnt 1914 and was rebuilt by architect Jan Heurich in the English Gothic style with neoclassical interior. Renovated 1980-2003 (plaster removed, brick walls shown),
The Boss (Rick Ross song)
"The Boss" is the second single from Rick Ross's second studio album Trilla. It samples the song "Paul Revere" by Beastie Boys. It is produced by J. R. Rotem. Matt Kemp from the Los Angeles Dodgers and Brian McCann from the Houston Astros use this song as their at-bat / intro music. The song is also Ross's highest-charting single to date, peaking at number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Paul Revere (song)
"Paul Revere" is a song by American hip-hop group Beastie Boys, released as the third single from their debut album Licensed to Ill (1986). It was written by Adam Horovitz, Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Rick Rubin. It was produced by Rick Rubin and the Beastie Boys. The song tells a fictional story of how the Beastie Boys met.

Adam Horovitz told how the song evolved from an incident when the Beastie Boys were waiting outside a recording studio for Run-D.M.C., when Joseph Simmons ("Run") suddenly came running down the street screaming incoherently. When he reached the Beastie Boys, he said "Here's a little story I got to tell...". After much confusion, Simmons stated "THAT's the song". The band worked on it from there.
James Marape
James Marape (born 24 April 1971) is a Papua New Guinean politician who has served as the prime minister of Papua New Guinea since May 2019. He has been a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea since July 2007, representing the electorate of Tari-Pori Open in Hela Province in the New Guinea Highlands. He has held Cabinet Posts as Minister of Education (2008–2011), Minister of Finance (2012–2019), and Minister of Foreign Affairs (2023–2024). Marape entered the 2022 elections under the banner of the Pangu Party and won the most seats, while still being far from a majority. He was therefore able to form government, which was elected unopposed by the new parliament.

Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
The prime minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Tok Pisin: Prai Minista bilong Papua Niugini) is Papua New Guinea's head of government, elected by the National Parliament and formally appointed by the Governor-General of Papua New Guinea. The prime minister serves as the head of his party, the head of the coalition government, and the chairman of the National Executive Council.
World RX of Abu Dhabi
The World RX of Abu Dhabi is a rallycross event held in Abu Dhabi for the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event made its début in the 2019 season, at the Yas Marina Circuit.

The 2020 event was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Rallycross
Rallycross is a form of sprint style motorsport held on a mixed-surface racing circuit using modified production touring cars or prototype racing cars. It began in the 1960s as a cross between rallying and autocross.

It is popular in European countries. Internationally, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) organise the World and European Rallycross Championships.
Will Pettis
Will Pettis (born December 11, 1977) is a former wide receiver and defensive back in the Arena Football League (AFL) for the Dallas Desperados and Dallas Vigilantes. He was a four-time member of the AFL's All-Ironman team, a three-time member of the All-Arena team and the 2007 Ironman of the Year. He played college football at Midwestern State University.

2007 Arena Football League season
The 2007 Arena Football League season was the 21st season of the Arena Football League.  The regular season began play on March 1, 2007 and concluded on June 25. The league broke its regular-season total attendance record of 1,887,054.

Following a year-long hiatus last year in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the New Orleans VooDoo franchise resumed play this season to return the league to a 19-team format.  New Orleans also hosted ArenaBowl XXI. This was the last of three non-consecutive AFL seasons in which the league fielded 19 teams, the most in AFL history.

The league champions were the San Jose SaberCats, who defeated the Columbus Destroyers in ArenaBowl XXI.
Hickory Flats
Hickory Flats is an area in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia that has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction.  It is in a remote location at the headwaters of two streams with a wetland that contains rare plants and provides an unusual habitat for wildlife.

The area is part of the Mountain Lake Wilderness Cluster.

George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests is an administrative entity combining two U.S. National Forests into one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States. The forests cover 1.8 million acres (2,800 sq mi; 730,000 ha) of land in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  Approximately 1 million acres (1,600 sq mi; 400,000 ha) of the forest are remote and undeveloped and 139,461 acres (218 sq mi; 56,438 ha) have been designated as wilderness areas, which prohibits future development.
Advent song
Advent songs (German: Adventslieder) are songs and hymns intended for Advent, the four weeks of preparation for Christmas. Topics of the time of expectation are the hope for a Messiah, prophecies, and the symbolism of light, among others. Several of the songs are part of hymnals such as the German Catholic Gotteslob (GL) and the Protestant Evangelisches Gesangbuch (EG).

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.

Leise rieselt der Schnee
Leise rieselt der Schnee (which translates as "softly falls the snow") is one of the most famous Christmas songs in the German language. It was composed in 1895 in Graudenz by the Protestant pastor Eduard Ebel (1839–1905) and published under the title Weihnachtsgruß ("Christmas greeting") in his volume Gesammelte Gedichte. The composition of the melody is also often attributed to Ebel, but this statement is uncertain and apparently unsupported, especially since Ebel's own publication contains only the text. According to other sources, the melody is a folk tune, which Ebel himself possibly adopted for his song. Other sources again suggest that the melody is based on a musette (1792) by Daniel Gottlob Türk (1750–1813); however, the similarity of the melodies only applies to the first one and a half bars.
Type 80/88 main battle tank
The Type 80 (Chinese: 80式; pinyin: BālíngShì)  and the Type 88 (Chinese: 88式; pinyin: Bābāshì) are a family of Chinese second-generation main battle tanks (MBTs).  They are also known as the ZTZ80 and ZTZ88.

Laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder, also known as a laser telemeter or laser distance meter, is a rangefinder that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where triangulation and other techniques are often used instead. Laser rangefinders are sometimes classified as type of handheld scannerless lidar.
Methiopropamine
Methiopropamine (MPA), also known as N-methylthiopropamine, is an organic compound structurally related to methamphetamine. Originally reported in 1942, the molecule consists of a thiophene group with an alkyl amine substituent at the 2-position. It appeared for public sale in the United Kingdom in December 2010 as a "research chemical" or "legal high", recently branded as Blow. It has limited popularity as a recreational stimulant.

Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.

In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia. The rest of the amino acid is made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen, and is recycled or oxidized for energy. Ammonia is toxic to the human system, and enzymes convert it to urea or uric acid by addition of carbon dioxide molecules (which is not considered a deamination process) in the urea cycle, which also takes place in the liver. Urea and uric acid can safely diffuse into the blood and then be excreted in urine.
Gauss curvature flow
In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and geometric analysis, the Gauss curvature flow is a geometric flow for oriented hypersurfaces of Riemannian manifolds. In the case of curves in a two-dimensional manifold, it is identical with the curve shortening flow. The mean curvature flow is a different geometric flow which also has the curve shortening flow as a special case.

Michael Gage (mathematician)
Michael Eaton Gage is a mathematician who works as a professor of mathematics at the University of Rochester. He is known for his work on the curve-shortening flow, and in particular for the Gage–Hamilton–Grayson theorem, proved by Gage with Richard S. Hamilton and Matthew Grayson, which describes the behavior of any smooth Jordan curve under the curve-shortening flow. He is also one of the original developers of the WeBWorK online homework delivery system.

Gage did his undergraduate studies at Antioch College, and completed his Ph.D. in mathematics at Stanford University in 1978, under the supervision of Robert Osserman.
He has worked as a systems programmer for Intel, and joined the Rochester faculty in 1984.

Gage was the 1996–1997 winner of the distinguished teaching award of the Seaway Section of the Mathematical Association of America.
The Wicked Girls
The Wicked Girls (ISBN 978-1-847-44520-9) is a book written by Alex Marwood (pseudonym adopted by Serena Mackesy) and published by Sphere Books (an imprint of Little, Brown and Company) on 16 February 2012 which later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original in 2014.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Truncated tesseract
In geometry, a truncated tesseract is a uniform 4-polytope formed as the truncation of the regular tesseract.

There are three truncations, including a bitruncation, and a tritruncation, which creates the truncated 16-cell.

Truncated cube
In geometry, the truncated cube, or truncated hexahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 14 regular faces (6 octagonal and 8 triangular), 36 edges, and 24 vertices.

If the truncated cube has unit edge length, its dual triakis octahedron has edges of lengths 2 and δS +1, 
where  δS is the silver ratio, √2 +1.
1-Naphthylmethcathinone
1-Naphthylmethcathinone (AMAPN) is a monoamine releasing agent of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It is an analogue of methcathinone in which the phenyl ring has been replaced with a 1-naphthalene ring.

The drug acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 21.6 nM for serotonin and 55.2 nM for dopamine, whereas the EC50 for norepinephrine was not reported. However, AMAPN induced 92% release of norepinephrine at a concentration of 10,000 nM, indicating that it is an effective norepinephrine releaser as well.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Perinone
Perinone is a class of organic compounds.  The parent compound has two isomers, each of which are useful pigments.

It is prepared from naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by condensation with o-phenylenediamine. The two Isomers of perinone are useful pigments.  The trans isomer is called Pigment Orange 43 ("PO43", CID 78141 from PubChem) and the cis isomer is called Pigment Red 194 ("PR194", CID 77892 from PubChem).   Like some structurally related compounds perinone is also an organic semiconductor.

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007
The Miss Mundo Dominicana 2007 pageant was held on July 14, 2007. Only 24 candidates competed for the national crown. The chosen winner represented the Dominican Republic at the Miss World 2007. They selected 2 delegates would be elected from each regions. Then they chose a delegate from each region and would get sashed with the name of the region and automatically would be in the Final 6. The first runner up represented the Dominican Republic in Miss América Latina 2008.

Miss World 2007
Miss World 2007 was the 57th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, China, on December 1, 2007.

Taťána Kuchařová of the Czech Republic crowned Zhang Zilin of China as her successor at the end of the event.
Church of the Universe
The Assembly of the Church of the Universe, an entheogen religion, was established by Walter Tucker in 1969 in the Canadian province of Ontario. The Church uses marijuana as a sacrament and promotes nudity as a demonstration of human honesty.

Entheogenic use of cannabis
Cannabis has served as an entheogen—a chemical substance used in religious or spiritual contexts—in the Indian subcontinent since the Vedic period dating back to approximately 1500 BCE, but perhaps as far back as 2500 BCE in Ancient China. It was introduced to the New World by the Spaniards in 1530-1545.

There are several references in Greek mythology to a powerful drug that eliminated anguish and sorrow. Herodotus wrote about early ceremonial practices by the Scythians, thought to have occurred from the 5th to 2nd century BCE. Itinerant Hindu saints have used it in the Indian subcontinent for centuries. Mexican Native American communities occasionally use cannabis in religious ceremonies by leaving bundles of it on church altars to be consumed by the attendees.
Love Can Move Mountains
"Love Can Move Mountains" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion, recorded for her second English-language studio album, Celine Dion (1992). Written by Diane Warren and produced by Ric Wake, it was released as the fourth single in October 1992 by Columbia and Epic Records. It is an up-tempo dance-pop song drawing influence from gospel, and its lyrics detail the abilities that love has as an emotion. The accompanying music video was directed by Jeb Brian, featuring Dion performing in a county fair. "Love Can Move Mountains" was later included on Dion's greatest hits albums, All the Way... A Decade of Song in 1999 and My Love: Ultimate Essential Collection in 2008.

Love in the Shadows (E. G. Daily song)
"Love in the Shadows" is a song recorded by American singer E. G. Daily. It was written by Daily and Harold Faltermeyer, and produced by Faltermeyer. "Love in the Shadows" was first recorded in 1984 for the soundtrack to the movie Thief of Hearts. In 1985, it was re-recorded for Daily's Wild Child debut album, and released as a single in 1986. The song was covered in 1987 by Canadian singer Celine Dion in French, titled "Délivre-moi".
Paradise Wood
Paradise Wood is a research woodland established by the Earth Trust (formerly Northmoor Trust) between the villages of Little Wittenham and Long Wittenham in Oxfordshire England. It has evolved to become the largest collection of hardwood forestry trials in Britain.

Planning for the wood started in 1992 and tree planting began in 1993.  The Research Woodland was originally conceived and developed by Gabriel Hemery and was established as a centre for research into the improvement of the quality and productivity hardwood trees. The ultimate aim is to create a woodland of 55 hectares in area. It contains a large number of trials supervised by the Future Trees Trust.

On the northern edge of Paradise Wood a small community woodland was planted in 2005 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar.  It was named after HMS Neptune as part of a project with the Woodland Trust. It provides free public access  and contains some oak trials.

Little Wittenham
Little Wittenham is a village and civil parish on the south bank of the River Thames, northeast of Didcot in South Oxfordshire. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire to the county of Oxfordshire and from Wallingford Rural District to the district of South Oxfordshire.
2010 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2010 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament (also known as the 2010 Women's College Cup) was the 29th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game were played at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina from December 3–5, 2010 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country from November 12–28.

Notre Dame defeated Stanford in the final, 1–0, to win their third national title. The Fighting Irish (21–2–2) were coached by Randy Waldrum.

The most outstanding offensive player was Melissa Henderson from Notre Dame, and the most outstanding defensive player was Jessica Schuveiller, also from Notre Dame. Henderson and Schuveiller, alongside nine other players, were named to the All-Tournament team. Henderson was also the tournament's leading scorer, with 3 goals and 4 assists.

NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship, sometimes known as the Women's College Cup, is an American college soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I women's national champion.
Oreocarya subcapitata
Oreocarya subcapitata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae known by the common names Owl Creek miner's candle, Wallowa cat's eye, and Wallowa cryptantha. It is endemic to Wyoming in the United States, where it is limited to the Owl Creek and Bridger Mountains in Fremont County. There are three populations, with a total of about 38,000 individuals.

This plant is a perennial herb forming a low silvery mat of hairy leaves. The stems are up to 15 centimeters tall. It blooms in "sparkling white forget-me-not flowers."

This plant grows on barren, sandy and gravelly terrain on the Wind River Formation in the Wind River Basin. It grows on sandstone and limestone substrates. It occurs with other cushion-like plants such as Sphaeromeria capitata and Artemisia nova within sagebrush habitat. There are few threats to the species because the region is rugged and uninhabited.

Fremont County, Wyoming
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 39,234, making it the fifth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Lander. The county was founded in 1884 and is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is roughly the size of the state of Vermont. Fremont County comprises the Riverton, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.