hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arne Lie (politician)
Arne Gunnar Stein Lie (16 January 1927 – 25 September 1996) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Oslo. He finished his secondary education in 1945 and took Oslo Commerce School in 1946. After working in Det Norske Luftfartselskap from 1946 to 1947 and as a secretary in the Ministry of Trade, he graduated with the cand.oecon. degree from the University of Oslo in 1951.

He served as secretary at the Norwegian embassy to the OEEC (OECD) from 1956. From 1959 to 1960 he was an assistant secretary in the Ministry of Trade. He then served as office manager in the Bank of Norway from 1960, head of department in OECD from 1968. From 1971 to 1972 he served in Bratteli's First Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister.

He returned to the same post in Bratteli's Second Cabinet from 1973 to 1976.

He died in September 1996 and was buried at Nordre gravlund.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Chile Day
Chile Day is an annual event held in London, United Kingdom, and New York, United States. The main purpose of the event is to promote the Chilean national branding, attract foreign investment, promote tourism in Chile and advertise Chilean export goods while also strengthening Chilean-British and Chilean-American socio-cultural ties. This day was initiated by Minister of Finance, Felipe Larraín Bascuñáin in 2011.

A special edition of the event was held in the Czech city of Liberec in 2016.

The first Chile Day for 2018 was held in April in New York City, the second Chile Day will be held on 6–7 September in London.

Chile–United Kingdom relations
Chile–United Kingdom relations are bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Chile. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1823. The two countries maintain strong cultural ties as Chilean culture was somewhat anglicised after independence, seeing many mutual investments since.  Standard visits, on terms each country applies, allow visitors and short-term study, without need for a travel visa endorsed in a passport.

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement, and a Double Taxation Convention.
Patricia E. Paetow High School
Patricia E. Paetow High School (PHS) is a senior high school in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, in Greater Katy. It is a part of the Katy Independent School District.

The school opened in August 2017 to 9th and 10th grade students, relieving Katy High School and Morton Ranch High School. The more than 635,000-square-foot (59,000 m2) building, with a capacity of 3,000, has three stories. On December 17, 2020, Paetow’s football team had their season cut short due to Covid-19 Outbreak. On December 17, 2021, Paetow won the UIL Football Conference 5A Division 1 State Championship.

Morton Ranch High School
Morton Ranch High School is a secondary school in the Katy Independent School District.  It opened in 2004, and is located in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States. It is part of a multi-school complex, including Morton Ranch Elementary that opened in 2008 and Morton Ranch Junior High School that opened in 2003. The school serves many northern sections of Katy I.S.D., and has grades 9 through 12. The mascot is a Maverick.
The Salesman (2011 film)
The Salesman (French: Le vendeur) is a 2011 Canadian drama film directed by Sébastien Pilote. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and had a theatrical release in Quebec on 11 November 2011.

Shot in the small city Dolbeau-Mistassini, in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of the province of Quebec, the film looks at the effects of a declining economy on a sexagenarian car salesman.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Bishop Mackay-Smith House
Bishop Mackay-Smith House, also known as the Franklin School, is a historic residence located in the Rittenhouse Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1903–1904, and is a 3+1⁄2-story, brick and brownstone building. It has a flat, square facade front with a deep entry porch. It was designed by noted Philadelphia architect Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (1845–1928). It was built for Alexander Mackay-Smith, Bishop of Pennsylvania in 1911. He served as Coadjutor Bishop from 1902 to 1911.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Rittenhouse Square
Rittenhouse Square is a public park in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that is the center of the eponymous Rittenhouse neighborhood. The square is one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. Together with Fitler Square, the Rittenhouse neighborhood and the square comprise the Rittenhouse–Fitler Historic District.

Rittenhouse Square is maintained by the non-profit group The Friends of Rittenhouse Square. The square cuts 19th Street at Walnut Street and also at a half-block above Manning Street. Its boundaries are 18th Street to the east, Walnut Street to the north, and Rittenhouse Square West, a north–south boundary street, and Rittenhouse Square South, an east–west boundary street, making the park approximately two short blocks on each side. Locust Street is interrupted by Rittenhouse Square at 18th Street and Rittenhouse Square West.
HuS-E/2 cells
HuS-E/2 cells are immortalized primary human hepatocytes that were isolated from the discarded old liver tissue obtained from a 9-year-old male patient with primary hyperoxaluria (after the approval of ethical committee and required written consent) who had undergone liver transplantation to receive a new liver. Hepatocytes were transduced with hTERT and HPV-E6E7 oncogenes. This immortalized hepatocyte cell line showed similar characteristics to primary hepatocytes, and was beneficial in the study of Hepatitis C and B viruses.

Hepatocyte
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. Hepatocytes make up 80% of the liver's mass.

These cells are involved in:

Protein synthesis

Protein storage

Transformation of carbohydrates

Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids

Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances

Initiation of formation and secretion of bile
Epikeratophakia
Epikeratophakia  (also known as epikeratoplasty and onlay lamellar keratoplasty) is a refractive surgical procedure in which a lamella of a donor cornea is transplanted onto the anterior surface of the patient's cornea. A lamellar disc from a donor cornea is placed over the de-epithelialized host cornea and sutured into a prepared groove on the host cornea. Indications include treatment of keratoconus, refractive errors like myopia and high hypermetropia including aphakia, which cannot be corrected with conservative methods.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Ptychopariina
Ptychopariina is an extinct suborder of trilobites of the order Ptychopariida. Also known as the primitive Ptychopariida, they are a notably wide and varied taxon. Some of the representative genera include Elrathia, Densonella, Norwoodia, Tricrepicephalus, Conocoryphe, and Modocia.

Conocoryphe
Conocoryphe is a genus of primarily eyeless trilobites belonging to the family Conocoryphidae. They lived during the Middle Cambrian period, about 505 million years ago. These arthropods lived on the sea bottom (epifaunal) and lived off dead particulate organic matter (a lifestyle called detritivorous).
Bernhard Waldenfels
Bernhard Waldenfels (17 March 1934 – 23 January 2026) was a German philosopher and academic teacher. He is regarded as one of the leading phenomenologists of his era. He researched and taught at the Ruhr University Bochum from 1976 to 1999.

Based on the foundation of classical Greek philosophy, Waldenfels was influenced by Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and studied for two years in France, introducing then the ideas of French philosophers to German-speaking philosophers. Central themes of his writing are questions and answers, as well as phenomenological studies on experience, alterity, foreignness, and physicality (Leiblichkeit).

Emmanuel Levinas
Emmanuel Levinas (born Emanuelis Levinas /ˈlɛvɪnɑːs/; French: [ɛmanɥɛl levinas]; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the relationship of ethics to metaphysics and ontology.
Alchornea
Alchornea is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1788. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South Asia, Australia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bocquillonia from New Caledonia is nested in Alchornea.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Aparisthmium Cleidion Cnesmone Discocleidion Discoglypremna Necepsia Neoscortechinia Orfilea Sampantaea Trigonostemon Wetria )

Necepsia
Necepsia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1910. It is native to Madagascar and to tropical Africa.

Species

Necepsia afzelii Prain - Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Congo, Cabinda, Gabon

Necepsia castaneifolia (Baill.) Bouchat & J.Léonard - Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Madagascar

Necepsia zairensis Bouchat & J.Léonard - Congo, Zaire
Xu Zhonglin (politician)
Xu Zhonglin (Chinese: 许仲林; born December 1943) is a Chinese politician who served as governor of Anhui from 2000 to 2002 and chairperson of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 2003 to 2008.

Xu was a representative of the 14th, 15th, and 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 7th National People's Congress. He was a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Governor of Anhui
The governor of Anhui, officially the Governor of the Anhui Provincial People's Government, is the head of Anhui Province and leader of the Anhui Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Anhui Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Anhui Committee. The current governor is Wang Qingxian, who took office on 1 February 2021.
Emily C. A. Snyder
Emily C. A. Snyder (born September 10, 1977) is an American theatremaker, actor, and novelist. She is the co-founder and artistic director of a New York City theatre company, the author of the Twelve Kingdoms fantasy series, and Jane Austen parodies.

She advocated for women and those underrepresented in classical theatre. Snyder is a feminist and was raised Catholic. As of 2020, Snyder uses she/they/he pronouns and identifies as aromantic.

American Shakespeare Center
The American Shakespeare Center (ASC) is a regional theatre company located in Staunton, Virginia, that focuses on the plays of William Shakespeare; his contemporaries Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Christopher Marlowe; and works related to Shakespeare, like James Goldman's The Lion in Winter and Bob Carlton's Return to the Forbidden Planet.

The ASC is notable for its theatre, the Blackfriars Playhouse, the world's first recreation of the original indoor Blackfriars Theatre in London that was demolished in 1655. As a theater company, the ASC produces 8-9 shows per year with a repertory company at its Blackfriars Playhouse. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASC also had a touring company that performed both at the Blackfriars and at other locations around the country. The ASC also provides a year-round laboratory for students and scholars through education programming in Staunton and on the road.
Canischio
Canischio is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Turin.

Canischio borders the following municipalities: Sparone, Cuorgnè, Alpette, San Colombano Belmonte, Pratiglione, and Prascorsano. It is located in the Gallenca river valley.

Sparone
Sparone (Piedmontese: Sparon, Arpitan: Sparun) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Turin in the Canavese.

It is home to the Romanesque church of Santa Croce, of medieval origin, which houses several Gothic frescoes.

The communal territory includes several frazioni: Aia di Pietra, Apparè, Barchero, Bisdonio, Bose, Budrer, Calsazio, Ceresetta, Costa, Feilongo, Frachiamo, Nosè, Onzino, Piani, Sommavilla, Torre, and Vasario.
Cross-country skiing at the 1980 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre
The men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing competition at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States, was held on Saturday 23 February at Mount Van Hoevenberg, Essex County, New York. Sven-Åke Lundbäck of Sweden was the 1978 World champion and Ivar Formo of Norway was the defending champion from the 1976 Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.

Each skier started at half a minute intervals, skiing the entire 50 kilometre course. Of the 43 athletes who started the race, 6 did not finish. Nikolay Zimyatov of the Soviet Union took his third Gold medal of the games after winning the 30 kilometre and being part of Soviet Union's winning 4 × 10 km relay team.

Cross-country skiing at the 1980 Winter Olympics – Men's 30 kilometre
The men's 30 kilometre cross-country skiing competition at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States, was held on Thursday 14 February at the Mount Van Hoevenberg in Essex County, New York.

Each skier started at half a minute intervals, skiing the entire 30 kilometre course. Sergey Savelyev of the Soviet Union was the 1978 World champion and also the defending Olympic champion from 1976 Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.
Overring
In mathematics, an overring of an integral domain contains the integral domain, and the integral domain's field of fractions contains the overring.  Overrings provide an improved understanding of different types of rings and domains.

Field of fractions
In abstract algebra, the field of fractions of an integral domain is the smallest field in which it can be embedded. The construction of the field of fractions is modeled on the relationship between the integral domain of integers and the field of rational numbers. Intuitively, it consists of ratios between integral domain elements.

The field of fractions of an integral domain  is sometimes denoted by  or , and the construction is sometimes also called the fraction field, field of quotients, or quotient field of .  All four are in common usage, but are not to be confused with the quotient of a ring by an ideal, which is a quite different concept. For a commutative ring that is not an integral domain, the analogous construction is called the localization or ring of quotients.
Jean-Pierre Tafunga Mbayo
Jean-Pierre Tafunga Mbayo (25 July 1942 – 31 March 2021) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo, Roman Catholic archbishop.

Tafunga Mbayo was born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was ordained to the priesthood in 1972. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilwa-Kasenga, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 1995 to 2002 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2002 to 2008. He then served as coadjutor archbishop and archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2008 until his death in 2021.

Diocese of Uvira
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Uvira (Latin: Uviraën(sis)) is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church located in the South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Established on 16 April 1962, the diocese encompasses the pastoral zones of Uvira Territory, Fizi Territory, and Mwenga Territory, and it partially includes the territories of Walungu Territory and Kabambare Territory. It is part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Bukavu.
The Lockhart Review and Oaklands Advertiser
The Lockhart Review and Oaklands Advertiser also published as Lockhart Review and Boree Chronicle, The Lockhart Review and Lockhart Review, was a weekly English language newspaper published in Lockhart, New South Wales, Australia.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Adrien Thibault
Adrien Thibault (18 November 1844 – 13 April 1918) was a French ceramicist and historian. He was one of Ulysse Bernard's disciples in Blois, then he entered the Faïencerie de Gien by 1872. In 1874, he established his own workshop in La Chaussée-Saint-Victor, where he worked until his death. During his life, he conducted research on colors, and created so-called "Thibault Blues". The Adrien Thibault museum (Musée Adrien-Thibault) is located in La Chaussée-Saint-Victor, Loir-et-Cher.

La Chaussée-Saint-Victor
La Chaussée-Saint-Victor (French pronunciation: [la ʃose sɛ̃ viktɔʁ]), commonly known as La Chaussée, is a commune in the French department of Loir-et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire.

Its inhabitants are known as Chausséens (masculine) and Chausséennes (feminine).
Endorsements in the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
Many politicians, public figures, media outlets, businesses and other organisations endorsed voting either in favour or against the proposed Indigenous Voice to Parliament in the lead-up to the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum, which was held on 14 October.

Robert de Castella
Francois Robert de Castella (born 27 February 1957) is an Australian former world champion marathon runner.

De Castella is widely known as "Deek" or "Deeks" to the Australian public, and "Tree" to his competitors due to his thick legs and inner calm. He holds the Oceanic record for the marathon.
Moscow City Duma
55°45′52″N 37°37′02″E﻿ / ﻿55.764503°N 37.61722°E﻿ / 55.764503; 37.61722

The Moscow City Duma (Russian: Московская городская дума, romanized: Moskovskaya gorodskaya duma, commonly abbreviated to Мосгордума, Mosgorduma) is the regional parliament (city duma) of Moscow, a federal subject and the capital city of Russia. As Moscow is one of three federal cities, the city duma's legislation can only be overridden by the mayor and the federal government.

Regional parliaments of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the regional legislatures in the federal subjects of Russia (republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts and federal cities), which have different names but are often collectively referred to as regional parliaments.

The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The largest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which consists of 110 deputies, while the smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, deputies in the regional parliaments are elected for five-year terms.
Regina Rakhimova
Regina Rakhimova (born (1989-09-22)September 22, 1989 in Chusovoy) is a Russian freestyle skier, specializing in Moguls .

Rakhimova competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Russia. She placed 19th in the qualifying round of the moguls, advancing to the final, where she placed 9th.

As of April 2013, her best showing at the World Championships is 7th, in the 2011 moguls event.

Rakhimova made her World Cup debut in January 2009. As of March 2013, her best finish at a World Cup event is 4th, at Are in 2010/11. Her best World Cup overall finish in moguls is 11th, in 2010/11.

2010–11 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2010/11 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty-second World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 11 December 2010 and lasted until 20 March 2011. This season included four disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross and halfpipe.
Oliver Carlson
Oliver Carlson (1899–1991) was founder of the Young Communist League of America among other Communist organizations and then served as an anti-communist government witness who specialized in Communist infiltration in Hollywood.

Martin Abern
Martin "Marty" Abern (né Abramowitz; December 2, 1898 – April 1949) was a Marxist politician who was an important leader of the Communist youth movement of the 1920s as well as a founder of the American Trotskyist movement.
Camber, East Sussex
Camber is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of Rye. The village is located behind the sand dunes that occupy the estuary of the River Rother, where the seaside settlement of Camber Sands is situated. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1265.

The village of Camber takes its name from the Camber (la Chambre) the huge embayment of the English Channel located between Rye, old Winchelsea and Old Romney that was gradually lost to "innings" and silting-up following changes to the coastline and the changed course of the Eastern Rother since the Middle Ages.

Rother District
Rother is a local government district in East Sussex, England. Its council is based in Bexhill-on-Sea. The district is named after the River Rother which flows within its boundaries.

The neighbouring districts are Wealden, Tunbridge Wells, Ashford, Folkestone and Hythe, and Hastings. Aside from its coast, Hastings is surrounded by Rother.