hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lenin Street, Novosibirsk
Lenin Street (Russian: Улица Ленина) is a street in Tsentralny and Zheleznodorozhny districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. It starts from Krasny Avenue, runs west, crosses Sovetskaya and Uritsky streets, Street of Revolution, forms a crossroad with Dimitrov Avenue, then turns north-west, crosses Komsomolsky Avenue, 1905 Year Street and forms a crossroads with Dmitry Shamshurin and Zheleznodorozhny streets.

Tsentralny District, Novosibirsk
Tsentralny District (Russian: Центральный район) is an administrative district (raion) of Central Okrug, one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 6.4 km2 (2.5 sq mi). Population: 78 794 (2017).
Retrotransposon silencing
Transposable elements are pieces of genetic material that are capable of splicing themselves into a host genome and then self propagating throughout the genome, much like a virus. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome. Retrotransposon proliferation may lead to insertional mutagenesis, disrupt the process of DNA repair, or cause errors during chromosomal crossover, and so it is advantageous for an organism to possess the means to suppress or "silence" retrotransposon activity.

Transposable element
A transposable element (TE), also   transposon, jumping gene, or mobile genetic element, is a DNA sequence that can change its position, or translocate, within a genome. TEs were first identified via genetic studies in maize by Barbara McClintock, a discovery for which she was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

TEs are very common in all types of organisms in nature, including in plants and animals. As of 2008, there were at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons, which generally function via reverse transcription; and Class II TEs or DNA transposons, which encode the protein transposase (and sometimes other proteins), which they require for insertion, excision, or other TE functions.
Corvus (boarding device)
The corvus (Latin for "crow" or "raven") was a Roman ship-mounted boarding ramp or drawbridge for naval boarding, first introduced during the First Punic War in sea battles against Carthage. It could swivel from side to side and was equipped with a beak-like iron hook at the far end of the bridge, from which the name is figuratively derived, intended to anchor the enemy ship.

The corvus was still used during the last years of the Republic. Appian mentions it being used on August 11th 36 BCE, during the Battle of Mylae, by Octavian's navy led by Marcus Agrippa against the navy of Sextus Pompeius led by Papias.

Barthold Georg Niebuhr
Barthold Georg Niebuhr (27 August 1776 – 2 January 1831) was a Danish–German statesman, banker, and historian who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography. By 1810 Niebuhr was inspiring German patriotism in students at the University of Berlin by his analysis of Roman economy and government. Niebuhr was a leader of the Romantic era and symbol of German national spirit that emerged after the defeat at Jena. But he was also deeply rooted in the classical spirit of the Age of Enlightenment in his intellectual presuppositions, his use of philologic analysis, and his emphasis on both general and particular phenomena in history.
Montegranaro
Montegranaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region of Marche, located about 45 km (28 mi) south of Ancona and about 45 km (28 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno. It is one of the main centres for shoe production in Italy.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Euthanasia in Switzerland
Active euthanasia is illegal in Switzerland (administration by a third-party), but supplying the means for dying is legal (assisted suicide), as long as the action which directly causes death is performed by the one wishing to die. Assisted suicide in the country has been legal since 1941, and Switzerland was the first country in the world to permit any kind of assisted dying. In 2014, a total of 752 assisted suicides were performed (330 men, 422 women), compared to 1,029 non-assisted suicides (754 men, 275 women); most of the assisted suicides concerned elderly people suffering from a terminal disease. In what critics have termed suicide tourism, Swiss euthanasia organisations have been widely used by foreigners. As of 2008, German citizens were 60 percent of the total number of suicides assisted by the organisation Dignitas.

Swiss Criminal Code
The Swiss Criminal Code (SR/RS 311, German: Strafgesetzbuch (StGB), French: Code pénal suisse (CP), Italian: Codice penale svizzero (CP), Romansh: Cudesch penal svizzer) is a portion of the third part (SR/RS 3) of the internal Swiss law ("Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement") that regulates the criminal code in Switzerland. The original version was created on 21 December 1937. It entered into force on 1 January 1942. Previously, criminal law had been a cantonal competency.
GLAAD
GLAAD (/ɡlæd/) is an American non-governmental media monitoring organization. Originally founded as a protest against defamatory coverage of gay and lesbian demographics and their portrayals in the media and entertainment industries, it has since expanded to queer, bisexual, and transgender people.

Media monitoring
Media monitoring is the process of tracking and analysing various forms of media, including print, online, broadcast, and selected social media, to gather mentions and insights on specific topics, companies, individuals, or industries. This process helps organisations stay informed about how they are being perceived, enabling them to respond to news, trends, and public opinion.

It can be conducted in a systematic way by comparing the content presented in the media with external sources, in an attempt of fact-checking, or in a less formal and time demanding manner by independent groups and media critics that aim to check the quality of what is available on the media, especially related to press freedom and focusing on the concept of responsibilizing the media organizations. In general, media monitoring focuses on developing insights, in various fields, of what is actually occurring while finding the balance to not overanalyze certain factors.
Minnesota's 1B House of Representatives district
District 1B of Minnesota is one of 134 districts in the Minnesota House of Representatives. Located in northwest Minnesota, the district comprises all of Clay, Norman, Polk, and Red Lake counties. The district is represented by Republican Representative Steve Gander since January 2025.

District 1B is located within Minnesota's 1st Senate district, alongside district 1A.

Red Lake County, Minnesota
Red Lake County is a county in the Northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,935, making it the third-least populous county in Minnesota. Its county seat is Red Lake Falls.
Lieutenant (Canada)
Lieutenant (Lt; French: Lieutenant, lt) is a Canadian Forces rank used by commissioned officers of the Canadian Army or Royal Canadian Air Force. Sub-lieutenant is the equivalent rank in the Royal Canadian Navy. Lieutenants and sub-lieutenants are equivalent to ranks with a NATO code of OF-1.

Canadian Armed Forces ranks and insignia
This is a table of the ranks and insignia of the Canadian Armed Forces. As the Canadian Armed Forces is officially bilingual, the French language ranks are presented following the English (in italics).
Peter Bradley (archdeacon)
Peter David Douglas Bradley (born 4 June 1949) was the Archdeacon of Warrington from 2001 until 31 October 2015.

Bradley was educated at Brookfield School, Kirkby and Lincoln Theological College;  and ordained in 1980. He was a Curate in Upholland and then served as the Vicar of Holy Spirit, Dovecot  before returning to Upholland in 1994. He was a member of the General Synod of the Church of England from 1990 to 2010.

Up Holland
Up Holland (or Upholland) is a village in Skelmersdale and is a civil parish in the West Lancashire district, in the county of Lancashire, England, 4 miles (6 km) west of Wigan. The population at the 2011 census was 7,376.
2001 Porto Open
The 2001 Porto Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Porto, Portugal and was part of Tier IV of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 2 April until 8 April 2001. First-seeded Arantxa Sánchez Vicario won the singles title and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Shock Horror!
Shock Horror! is a mini-album and the first release by new wave band Katrina and the Waves, released in 1983 by Aftermath Records.

The album was originally credited to the Waves and released only in the UK, later reissued for the first time on CD by US label CGB in 2010. The album was recorded by the band that became Katrina and the Waves, but prior to Katrina Leskanich's becoming the band's sole lead vocalist. Shock Horror! is notable for including the first recording of "Going Down to Liverpool," which was later recorded by the band with Leskanich on lead vocals, and covered by the Bangles.

The Bible of Bop
The Bible of Bop is a mini-album and the first solo release by English guitarist and songwriter Kimberley Rew, released in 1982. It mostly consists of tracks taken from three singles Rew released through indie label Armageddon between 1980 and 1982: two under his own name, backed by members of the dB's and the Soft Boys; and one as part of the Waves (soon to change their name to Katrina and the Waves). In 2010, the album was reissued on CD for the first time on the CGB label with three bonus tracks.
Libris Prize
The Libris Literature Award or Libris Prize (Dutch: Libris Literatuur Prijs) is a prize for novels originally written in Dutch. Established in 1993, it is awarded annually since 1994 by Libris, an association of independent Dutch booksellers, and amounts to €50,000 for the winner. It is modeled on the Booker Prize, having a longlist and a selection process which shortlists six books. The author of each shortlisted book receives €2,500.

Shortlisted authors are heavily promoted in individual Libris book stores, providing important commercial opportunities for authors and booksellers. Typically, the (independent) jury's selection is discussed and criticized in the Dutch press, providing even more exposure. The Libris Literature Award with the (Belgian) Golden Owl and the (Dutch) AKO Literatuurprijs make up the "big three" literature awards for Dutch-language books.

Bookspot Literatuurprijs
The Bookspot Literatuurprijs (previously ECI Literatuurprijs, AKO Literatuurprijs and Generale Bank Literatuurprijs) is a prize for literature in the Netherlands and Belgium. It is awarded to authors writing in Dutch and amounts to €50,000. The ceremony is televised live each year. The prize was conceived in 1986 and inaugurated the following year with the aim to promote literature and increase the public's interest in books.
Wat Sam Phraya
Wat Sam Phraya (Thai: วัดสามพระยา) is a Thai royal temple of the third class, located in Wat Sam Phraya subdistrict, Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok. Formerly called Wat Sak or Wat Bang Khun Phrom, it was presumably built in the Ayutthaya period. It was restored and given its present name in the Bangkok era.

Ordination hall
The ordination hall (Pali: sīmā) is a Buddhist building specifically consecrated and designated for the performance of the Buddhist ordination ritual (upasampadā) and other ritual ceremonies, such as the recitation of the Pāṭimokkha. The ordination hall is located within a boundary (sīmā) that defines "the space within which all members of a single local community have to assemble as a complete Sangha (samagga sangha) at a place appointed for ecclesiastical acts (kamma)." The constitution of the sīmā is regulated and defined by the Vinaya and its commentaries and sub-commentaries.
1975 New York Mets season
The 1975 New York Mets season was the 14th regular season for the Mets, who played their home games at Shea Stadium. Initially led by manager Yogi Berra followed by Roy McMillan, the team had an 82–80 record and finished in third place in the National League East, ten and a half games behind the first place Pittsburgh Pirates.

Roy McMillan
Roy David McMillan (July 17, 1929 – November 2, 1997) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop from 1951 to 1966, most prominently as a member of the Cincinnati Reds, where he was the starting shortstop for nine seasons.

A two-time All-Star player, McMillan was one of the top defensive shortstops of his era. Nicknamed "Mr. Shortstop" because of his defensive play, he won three Gold Glove Awards during his tenure with the Reds. He teamed with Reds second baseman, Johnny Temple, to form one of the best double-play combinations of the 1950s.

McMillan also played for the Milwaukee Braves  and the New York Mets. Following his retirement as a player, McMillan managed the Brewers and Mets. McMillan was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1971.
Cassette deck
A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio cassettes that does not have a built-in power amplifier or speakers, and serves primarily as a transport. In the 1980s and early 1990s, tape decks were commonly used in vehicle stereo systems, portable cassette players, and home component systems. In the latter case, it is also called a component cassette deck or just a component deck.

Dolby noise-reduction system
A Dolby noise-reduction system (Dolby NR) is one of a series of noise reduction systems developed by Dolby Laboratories for use in analog audio tape recording. The first was Dolby A, a professional broadband noise reduction system for recording studios that was first demonstrated in 1965, but the best-known is Dolby B (introduced in 1968), a sliding band system for the consumer market, which helped make high fidelity practical on cassette tapes, which used a relatively noisy tape size and speed. It is common on high-fidelity stereo tape players and recorders to the present day. Of the noise reduction systems, Dolby A and Dolby SR were developed for professional use. Dolby B, C, and S were designed for the consumer market. Aside from Dolby HX, all the Dolby variants work by companding: compressing the dynamic range of the sound during recording, and expanding it during playback.
Osavulivka
Osavulivka (Ukrainian: Осавулівка), formerly Yesaulivka (Єсаулівка), is a rural settlement in Antratsyt urban hromada, Rovenky Raion, Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine. Population: 1,412 (2022 estimate)

On 18 June 2025, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the rural settlement to Osavulivka to match Ukrainian language standards.

Antratsyt urban hromada
Antratsyt urban hromada (Ukrainian: Антрацитівська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Rovenky Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Antratsyt.

The hromada contains 26 settlements: 1 city (Antratsyt), 9 rural settlements:

And 16 villages:
Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven
Wessel Oskar Karl Johann Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven (22 November [O.S. 10] 1899 – 26 July 1944) was a Baltic German colonel in the High Command of the German Armed Forces (OKW) and a member of the German Resistance (Widerstand) against Adolf Hitler. Loringhoven was a friend of Claus von Stauffenberg, who was the leader of the 20 July Plot to assassinate Hitler in 1944.

Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven
Alexander Otto Hermann Wolfgang Bernd(t) Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven (6 February 1914 – 27 February 2007), was a Baltic German officer in the German Army during World War II. In 1956, he joined the West German Federal Armed Forces, the Bundeswehr, and rose to the rank of Generalleutnant.
Laine Hone
Laine Hone (née Laine Võsamäe, August 21, 1926 – August 11, 2005) was an Estonian translator and philologist.

Laine Hone was born Laine Võsamäe in Tallinn, the daughter of Toomas Võsamäe (né Wohlmann, 1892–1960) and Vilhelmine Marie Võsamäe (née Brikker, 1896–1990). She taught at Tartu High School No. 2 from 1950 to 1956, and was then a lecturer in English at the University of Tartu from 1956 to 1996.

Laine Hone gave birth to the daughter of the English academic and émigré Arthur Robert Hone in 1962. After divorcing his first wife, Aira Kaal, he married Laine Hone in 1964.

Aira Kaal
Aira Kaal (until 1938 Alma-Vilhelmine Kaal, from 1939 Aira Hone; 7 November 1911, in Uuemõisa Parish, Saare County – 7 April 1988) was an Estonian writer.

From 1931 to 1940, she studied at the University of Tartu, focusing on philosophy, but also learning Estonian literature, world literature and English. From 1938 to 1939, she worked in Great Britain, where she met her husband Arthur Robert Hone, with whom she returned to Estonia. From 1945 to 1950, she was a lecturer at Tartu State University, teaching the foundations of Marxism-Leninism.

In 1980, she was one of the signatories of the "Letter of 40 intellectuals".
Polly (opera)
Polly is a ballad opera with text by John Gay and music by Johann Christoph Pepusch. It is a sequel to Gay's The Beggar's Opera. Due to censorship, the opera was not performed in Gay's lifetime. It had its world premiere on 19 June 1777 at the Haymarket Theatre in London. A revised and edited version of the text and score by Clifford Bax and Frederic Austin, respectively, premiered on 30 December 1922 at the Kingsway Theatre in London.

Ballad opera
The ballad opera is a genre of English comic opera stage play that originated in the early 18th century, and continued to develop over the following century and later. Like the earlier comédie en vaudeville and the later Singspiel, its distinguishing characteristic is the use of tunes in a popular style (either pre-existing or newly composed) with spoken dialogue. These English plays were 'operas' mainly insofar as they satirized the conventions of the imported opera seria. Music critic Peter Gammond describes the ballad opera as "an important step in the emancipation of both the musical stage and the popular song."
Dark Visions
Dark Visions is a horror fiction compilation, with three short stories by Stephen King, three by Dan Simmons and a novella by George R. R. Martin. It was published by Orion on August 10, 1989. The collection was first published, with the same seven stories, under the title Night Visions 5, by Dark Harvest on July 1, 1988. The book was also issued under the titles Dark Love and The Skin Trade. The compilation is part of Night Visions, a series of horror fiction anthologies.

Two of the stories by King, "Sneakers" and "Dedication", were later included in his 1993 anthology Nightmares & Dreamscapes.

All three stories by Simmons were later included in his 1990 collection Prayers to Broken Stones.

Martin's The Skin Trade was later included in Quartet: Four Tales from the Crossroads (2001) and Dreamsongs: A RRetrospective (2003).

Prayers to Broken Stones
Prayers to Broken Stones is a short story collection by  American author Dan Simmons. It includes 13 of his earlier works, along with an introduction by Harlan Ellison in which the latter relates how he "discovered" Dan Simmons at the Colorado Mountain College's "Writers' Conference in the Rockies" in 1981. The title is a borrowed line from T. S. Eliot's "The Hollow Men".
Karyn Khoury
Karyn Khoury is an American perfumer. She is Senior Vice President of Fragrance Development Worldwide for The Estée Lauder Companies. In 2012, Khoury was honored as one of the most influential fragrance developers of our time at the Visionaries Gala and Awards Ceremony by the Museum of Arts and Design in New York along with Sophia Grosjman.

Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a nose (French: nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products.
L&YR Class 30 (Hughes)
The L&YR Class 30 (Hughes) was a class of 0-8-0 steam locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. The class was designed by George Hughes and introduced in 1910. Twenty-nine were rebuilds from Aspinall's L&YR Class 30 and 40 were new locomotives.

0-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. Locomotives of this type are also referred to as eight coupled.
Olive-crowned flowerpecker
The olive-crowned flowerpecker (Dicaeum pectorale) is a small passerine bird in the flowerpecker family, Dicaeidae. It is found in far western New Guinea and on adjacent islands.

It is a small bird, with males having olive upperparts, greyish-green underparts, a white throat and a scarlet breast patch. Females are similar to males, but lack the scarlet breast patch. It is mainly frugivorous, also supplementally feeding on spiders.

Salomon Müller
Salomon Müller (7 April 1804 – 29 December 1864) was a German naturalist. He was born in Heidelberg, and died in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Müller was the son of a saddler in Heidelberg. Along with Heinrich Boie and Heinrich Christian Macklot, he was sent by Coenraad Jacob Temminck to collect specimens in the East Indies. Here, he worked as an assistant for the Natuurkundige Commissie (Commission for Natural Sciences), an organization that he eventually became a member of.

Müller arrived in Batavia in 1826, then journeyed to New Guinea and Timor in 1828 aboard the Triton. He published a number of works drawing on his experiences during that voyage along the coast of New Guinea. Beginning in October 1828, he remained at the port city of Kupang, penetrating the interior of Timor during the following year. In 1831, he was stationed in Java, and later explored western Sumatra from 1833 to 1835.