hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Revenue Association
The American Revenue Association was founded in 1947 and is a "non-profit corporation serving the needs and interests of all collectors of revenues, tax stamps, stamped paper, telegraph and railroad stamps, and general non-postal Back-of-the-Book material".

The association is run by a board of directors assisted by officers. The president is Robert Hohertz. Notable members include the prominent stamp dealer Eric Jackson, Martin Erler in Germany, E.S.J. van Dam in Canada and A.M. Mollah in India.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Spring Cup (horse race)
The Spring Cup is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years only.
It is run at Lingfield over a distance of 7 furlongs and 1 yard (1,409 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late February or early March.

The race was first run in 2003, and was awarded Listed status in 2004.

Lingfield Park Racecourse
Lingfield Park Racecourse (commonly referred to as Lingfield) is a horse racing course at Lingfield in Surrey, United Kingdom. It is owned by the ARC Racing and Leisure Group, formerly Arena Leisure Plc.

Lingfield is best known as a winter all-weather flat racing course; the track is Polytrack, rather than the usual turf found in the UK. There are only five other all-weather courses in the UK, the others being at Southwell, Kempton, Wolverhampton, Newcastle, and Chelmsford City (formerly Great Leighs Racecourse). Lingfield also stages National Hunt and flat races on turf.

Lingfield railway station adjoins the course, served by trains from London to East Grinstead via Oxted.
2027 Kentucky gubernatorial election
The 2027 Kentucky gubernatorial election will be held on November 2, 2027. Incumbent Democratic governor Andy Beshear will be ineligible to run for re-election, as the Constitution of Kentucky prohibits the state's governors from serving more than two consecutive terms.

This will be the only Democratic-held governorship up for election in 2027. Republican Donald Trump carried the state in the 2024 presidential election by a margin of 30.5%.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare
Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare (1916–1988) was an Indian politician, jurist and Ambedkarite activist. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party, who was twice elected to Lok Sabha. He was elected to the 4th Lok Sabha from the Mumbai Central constituency of Maharashtra in 1967. He was re-elected in 1971 but resigned in 1973 when he was appointed Governor of Bihar. He was a colleague and follower of human rights leader B. R. Ambedkar.

4th Lok Sabha
The 4th Lok Sabha was in session from 4 March 1967 to 27 December 1970. Its members were elected in February and March 1967. 13 sitting members from the Rajya Sabha were elected to the 4th Lok Sabha in the general election.

Indira Gandhi was again the Prime Minister, as in the 3rd Lok Sabha. Her premiership would continue into the following Lok Sabha, the 5th, which was constituted after the 1971 Indian general election.
Barlings
Barlings and Low Barlings are two small hamlets lying south off the A158 road at Langworth, about 7 miles (11 km) east of Lincoln in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Low Barlings is a scattered collection of homes, situated along a trackway south from Barlings towards boggy ground near the River Witham. Both hamlets are in the civil parish of Barlings. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 460.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Moanin' in the Moonlight
Moanin' in the Moonlight is a compilation album and the first album by American blues artist Howlin' Wolf, released by Chess Records in 1959. It contains songs recorded between 1951 and 1959 previously issued as singles, including one of his best-known, "Smokestack Lightning". Rolling Stone ranked it number 477 on its 2020 list of "the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

Leonard Chess
Leonard Samuel Chess (born Lejzor Szmuel Czyż; March 12, 1917 – October 16, 1969) was a Polish-American record company executive and the founder of Chess Records alongside his brother Phil. He was influential in the development of the recording industry, and electric blues, Chicago blues, and rock and roll.
Ruka Broughton
Rangiahuta Alan Herewini Ruka Broughton (21 April 1940 – 17 April 1986) was a New Zealand tohunga, Anglican priest, and university lecturer. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngā Rauru iwi. He was born in Wanganui, New Zealand on 21 April 1940, and received his education at Maxwell School, Wanganui Technical College and Te Aute College. He was married to Mere Broughton from 1960 to 1978, and they raised five children. He later remarried to Dolly Sadie Matewhiu Pene and they raised two children.

Tohunga
In the culture of the Māori of New Zealand, a tohunga (tōhuka in Southern Māori dialect) is an expert practitioner of any skill or art, either religious or otherwise. Tohunga include expert priests, healers, navigators, carvers, builders, teachers and advisors. A tohunga may have also been the head of a whānau (family) but quite often was also a rangatira (chief) and an ariki (noble). The equivalent and cognate in Hawaiian culture is kahuna, tahu'a in Tahitian.
Governor General of New France
Governor General of New France was the vice-regal post in New France from 1663 until 1760 and the last French vice-regal post. It replaced the post of Governor of New France, and  was replaced by the British post of Governor of the Province of Quebec following the fall of New France.

In 1663, New France was reformed to be under the rule of a Governor General. This was a nobleman serving as the king's personal representative, with power to command troops and oversee diplomacy. Domestic power was delegated to the Sovereign Council of New France, which the Governor General chaired, and to the Intendant of New France, a civil administrator.

While the districts of Montreal and Trois-Rivières had their own governors, the Governor of the District of Quebec City and the Governor General of New France were the same person.

Intendant of New France
The Intendant of New France was an administrative position in the French colony of New France. He controlled the colony's entire civil administration. He gave particular attention to settlement and economic development, and to the administration of justice. The office of the Intendant of New France was created by Louis XIV. In 1663, Louis and his minister decided to give New France a new constitution. The charter of the One Hundred Associates was cancelled and the old Council of Quebec, which was formed in 1647, reorganized and became the Sovereign Council of New France. The Sovereign Council was composed of the governor, the bishop, the intendant, an attorney-general, a secretary, and five councillors. Because the Intendant of New France managed the financial matters like money and so on, as well as the infrastructure of the colony, he had an enormous amount of influence in the colony's government.
Soheila Golestani
Soheila Golestani (Persian: سهیلا گلستانی, born 8 December 1980 in Tehran) is an Iranian actress and film director. She became internationally known in 2024 for her leading role in the film The Seed of the Sacred Fig, directed by Mohammad Rasoulof.

Mohammad Rasoulof
Mohammad Rasoulof (Persian: محمد رسول‌اف; born 16 November 1972) is an Iranian independent filmmaker who lives in exile in Europe. He is known for several award-winning films, including The Twilight (2002), Iron Island (2005), Goodbye (2011), Manuscripts Don't Burn (2013), A Man of Integrity (2017) and There Is No Evil (2020). For the latter, he won the Golden Bear at the 2020 Berlin Film Festival. In 2025, Rasoulof was named one of the 100 Most Influential People by Time.

He has been arrested several times and had his passport confiscated, as the nature and content of his films has brought him into conflict with the Iranian Government. In May 2024, following the announcement that his film The Seed of the Sacred Fig was selected in the main competition at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival, Mohammad Rasoulof was sentenced by the Islamic Republic to 8 years in prison, whipping, and a fine. Rasoulof fled to a safe house in Germany after the sentencing.
2012–13 Bangladeshi cricket season
The 2012–13 season in Bangladesh was the thirteenth edition in which first-class cricket was played at the domestic level. The main domestic competitions were the National Cricket League (NCL), the new Bangladesh Cricket League (BCL) and the second edition of the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL). Internationally, there was a tour by the West Indies during the season.

National Cricket League
The National Cricket League (Bengali: জাতীয় ক্রিকেট লিগ) is the oldest domestic first-class cricket competition in Bangladesh. It is contested by teams representing eight regional divisions of Bangladesh.
Union of Progressive Jews of Belgium
The Union of Progressive Jews of Belgium (French: Union des progressistes juifs de Belgique; UPJB) is a Belgian Jewish organization set up in 1939 as Solidarité juive (Jewish Solidarity) by antifascist Jews in Belgium, becoming in 1946 Solidarité juive, aide aux victimes de l'oppresseur nazi (Jewish Solidarity, help to the victims of the Nazi oppressor). It took on its present name in 1969.

History of the Jews in Belgium
The history of the Jews in Belgium goes back to the 1st century CE until today. The Jewish community numbered 66,000 on the eve of the Second World War but after the war and the Holocaust, now is less than half that number.

Today, Belgium is home to more than 29,000 Jews, of whom two-thirds live in Antwerp.
Melam
The term "melam" means "ensemble," as in a "musical ensemble." In Kerala, "melam" refers to a group of Maddalam (drums) and similar percussion instruments (such as a Chenda) in a rhythmic performance. Those who play in melams are called 'Melakaar'. In ancient Tamilakam (Tamil country) melams were used for all the occasions in temples (Kovil Melam, Naiyandi Melam, Urumi Melam), marriages (Ketti Melam), functions, and funerals (Parai Melam). In Kerala, the most traditional of all melams is the Pandi Melam, which is generally performed outside the temple. Another melam called the Panchari Melam, which is similar to Pandi Melam, but the Panchari Melam is played inside the temple. In Malaysia and Singapore, the most common ensemble is "urumi melam", which is a group featuring the urumi drum that plays at Hindu temples and festivals.

Madhalam
The maddalam, madalam or madhalam (Malayalam: മദ്ദളം) is a drum made out of the wood of the jackfruit tree. It has two sides for playing, made out of leather, and has different kind of sounds on each side. The maddalam is a heavy instrument which is hung around the waist of the person playing, and the player stands all the while to perform. The maddalam is a vital instrument in traditional Kerala percussion ensembles like Panchavadyam, Keli and Kathakali orchestra.

Except for the central projection, the Maddalam resembles a Mridangam in shape.
Knock-Off (TV series)
Knock-Off (Korean: 넉오프) is an upcoming South Korean black comedy television series written by Han Jung-hoon, directed by Park Hyun-seok, and starring Kim Soo-hyun and Jo Bo-ah. The series depicts a man's rise from office worker to counterfeit kingpin after the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

Originally scheduled to be released on Disney+ in April 2025, Disney Korea temporarily postponed the release of the series due to the controversy surrounding Kim Soo-hyun's relationship with the late actress Kim Sae-ron.

Kwon Nara
Kwon Ah-yoon (Korean: 권아윤; born March 13, 1991), known professionally as Kwon Nara (권나라), is a South Korean actress and former singer. Before she transitioned to acting career she is best known as one of the original members of the South Korean girl group Hello Venus.
JayFrance
Javin France (born February 23, 1993), professionally known as JayFrance, is an American hip-hop, R&B producer, and Public Figure from St. Louis, Missouri. He has produced for artists such as Wiz Khalifa, TrackBoyz, Schoolboy Q, Juicy J,  Flo Rida,  The Audibles, Fetty Wap among others. He was nominated for a grammy for best rap album for Wiz Khalifa's 5th studio album titled Blacc Hollywood.

The Audibles
The Audibles is an American pop and hip hop production duo from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of  Dominic "DJ Mecca" Jordan and Jimmy "Jimmy G" Giannos. They originally met in 2007 at the “Lost in Love” music video shoot for Polow Da Don artists I-15 at the Palms Casino in Paradise, Nevada. They coined their name The Audibles from its root definition “to be heard” and “to change the game,” as seen by quarterbacks in football. JR Castro and Das offered an opportunity for the two to move to Atlanta and develop their art further under producer Polow Da Don.

They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole, Chris Brown, YMCMB, Fabolous and Usher. More recent work includes songs for Justin Bieber, Kanye West, Trey Songz, Drake, and Rihanna.
Muir Woods National Monument
Muir Woods National Monument (/mjʊər/ MURE) is a United States national monument managed by the National Park Service and named after naturalist John Muir. It is located on Mount Tamalpais near the Pacific coast in southwestern Marin County, California. The Monument is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and is 12 miles (19 km) north of San Francisco. It protects 554 acres (224 ha), of which 240 acres (97 ha) are old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forests, one of the few such stands remaining in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Northern spotted owl
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of three spotted owl subspecies. A western North American bird in the family Strigidae, genus Strix, it is a medium-sized dark brown owl native to the Pacific Northwest. An important indicator species, the northern spotted owl remains threatened due to continued population decline from human-caused habitat destruction and competition with invasive species, its main competitor being the barred owl.
Anthony Reckless Estate
The Anthony Reckless Estate, now the Woman's Club of Red Bank, is a historic house in downtown Red Bank, New Jersey. It was completed in 1870 and it was added to both the National Register of Historic Places  and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places in 1982.

New Jersey Register of Historic Places
The New Jersey Register of Historic Places is the official list of historic resources of local, state, and national interest in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The program is administered by the New Jersey's state historic preservation office within the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

The register was established under the terms of the New Jersey Register of Historic Places Act of 1970. The New Jersey Register mirrors the National Register of Historic Places, and uses the same criteria for eligibility.
Bitrate peeling
Bitrate peeling is a technique used in Ogg Vorbis audio encoded streams, wherein a stream can be encoded at one bitrate but can be served at that or any lower bitrate.

The purpose is to provide access to the clip for people with slower Internet connections, and yet still allow people with faster connections to enjoy the higher quality content. The server automatically chooses which stream to deliver to the user, depending on user's connection speed.

As of 2005, Ogg Vorbis bitrate peeling existed only as a concept as there was not yet an encoder capable of producing peelable datastreams Bounties - XiphWiki.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Henry Wells (Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge)
Henry Wells was an English academic in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

Wells was born in Upwell. He was Rector of Grimston, Norfolk from 1399 to 1406; and Archdeacon of Lincoln from 1405 to 1431. Wells was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge from 1413 until 1429.

Archdeacon of Lincoln
The Archdeacon of Lincoln is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Lincoln – they have responsibilities within their archdeaconry (the ancient Archdeaconry of Lincoln) including oversight of church buildings and some supervision, discipline and pastoral care of the clergy.
Treis Elies
Treis Elies is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, which is also known as Triselyes, Tris Eliæs, Tris Eliaes, Üçzeytinler, Uczeytinler. Nearby cities include Agios Dimitrios to the east, Lemithou to the north, and Kaminaria to the south. The name means: Three Olive Trees.

Lemithou
Lemithou (Greek: Λεμύθου), also spelt Lemythou, is a village in the Limassol District of Cyprus, located 3km west of Prodromos, the highest village in Cyprus, in the Marathasa Valley of the Troodos Mountains.

Lemithou is the birthplace of Cypriot philanthropist and businessman Anastasios George Leventis, who made his fortune in Gold Coast (now Ghana) and Nigeria.

Lemithou is also known for the Mitsis Commercial School of Lemithou. The book Mitsis Commercial School of Lemithou (1912-2004) (Η Εμπορική Σχολή Μιτσή Λεμύθου (1912-2004)) by Costis Kokkinoftas, published in Nicosia in 2005, is presented in the 19 December 2013 issue of Alithia newspaper by Maria Piliotou. The founder of the school was Demosthenis Mitsis and the first principal was the very well known Cypriot poet Demetris Lipertis.
Patriotic March
Patriotic March (Spanish: Marcha Patriótica) is a left-wing political party based in Bogotá, Colombia. The party was founded on April 21, 2012, by members of multiple socialist parties, such as the Colombian Communist Party. The party's ideology is based on patriotism, socialism, anti-imperialism, anti-capitalism, and bolivarianism. The party is a member of the São Paulo Forum.

The Colombian government claims that the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia has been infiltrating and funding Patriotic March, which has denied the claim.

Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, left-leaning and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America.
1960 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1960 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.

Incumbent Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs was term-limited, having served two consecutive terms. Boggs instead ran for the U.S. Senate.

Democratic nominee former governor Elbert N. Carvel defeated Republican nominee John W. Rollins with 51.73% of the vote. This was the first gubernatorial election in Delaware where a single candidate won over 100,000 votes.

1960 United States Senate election in Delaware
The 1960 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator J. Allen Frear Jr. ran for re-election to a third term in office, but was narrowly defeated by Republican Governor of Delaware J. Caleb Boggs.
Napsbury Park
Napsbury Park is a residential development in Hertfordshire, England. It is located to the north of London, at Junction 22 of the M25 motorway and Junction 6 of the M1 motorway. It is protected by a Conservation Area.

It is near St Albans and is part of the St Albans District. It falls within the Parish Council area of London Colney.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
FC Hammamet
FC Hammamet (Football Club Hammamet; Arabic: نادي كرة القدم بالحمامات) is a Tunisian football club founded by Mahmoud Laadouz (known as Sami Laadouz)in 2001. Its ground is located in Hammamet. The club is currently competing in the Tunisian Ligue 2.

Hammamet, Tunisia
Hammamet (Arabic: حمامات Ḥammāmātⓘ, literally "Baths") is a town in the Nabeul Governorate of Tunisia. Due to its beaches, it is a popular destination for swimming and water sports and is one of the primary tourist destinations in Tunisia. It is located in the south-eastern section of Cape Bon.

The reported number of inhabitants varies from 100,000 to 400,000 and the population quadruples due to tourists' arrival in the summer.

It is particularly known for jasmine, which is the namesake of the tourist resort of Yasmine Hammamet. All over Hammamet, souvenirs crafted from jasmine can be found.

Around Hammamet, suburbs are being built as migrants from the southern region of the country come to find employment. As a popular tourist destination, the city is economically important to Tunisia.

The 2005 World Scout Conference was held in Hammamet.