hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defence Act (Sweden)
A Defence Act (Swedish: Försvarsbeslut, literally Defence Decision) is an act passed by the Swedish Riksdag every four years which details how the Swedish Armed Forces will function and develop during the coming years.

Between 1901 and 1958, Acts were generally passed every ten years, with the exception of the Defence Act of 1942, which was passed earlier due to World War II. The Defence Act of 1968 introduced a system requiring Defence Acts to be passed every five years. The work revolving a new Defence Act starts off with all elements of the Swedish Total Defence drawing up plans on what structure and capacity the Defence will operate under during the coming 10 to 15 years. After discussions with the government, the defence authorities deliver a proposal to the cabinet detailing how the defence of Sweden can be developed. The government then drafts a proposition which is sent to the Riksdag, where it is eventually passed.

Government of Sweden
The government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, and the country's executive authority.

The government consists of the prime minister and their cabinet ministers (Swedish: statsråd). The government is responsible for its actions to the Riksdag.

The prime minister is nominated by the Speaker of the Riksdag, and is elected and discharged by vote of the Riksdag. The cabinet ministers are appointed and dismissed at the discretion of the prime minister. The Speaker shall discharge cabinet ministers that have lost a vote of confidence in the Riksdag.

The short-form name regeringen ("the government") is used both in the Basic Laws of Sweden and in the vernacular, while the long-form is only used in international treaties.
Utti Air Base
Utti Air Base (IATA: UTI, ICAO: EFUT) (Finnish: Utin lentoasema) is a military airport located in Utti, Kouvola, Finland, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8 mi) east of Kouvola city centre. The helicopter battalion of the Utti Jaeger Regiment is based here.

Utti Jaeger Regiment
The Utti Jaeger Regiment (Finnish: Utin jääkärirykmentti, (UTJR) Special jaegers) is the Finnish Army training and development centre for special forces and helicopter operations in charge of the Army Special Forces Unit and the Special Forces Qualification Course.
Seán Kenny (hurler)
John Kenny (29 December 1923 – 24 April 2002), known as Seán Kenny, was an Irish hurler. At club level, he spent most of his career with Borris–Ileigh and at inter-county level was a member of the Tipperary senior hurling team. Kenny captained Tipperary to the All-Ireland SHC title in 1950.

1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1950 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 24th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 12 February 1950 and 17 March 1950 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.

Munster entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 17 March 1950, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 0-09 to 1-03 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 18th Railway Cup title overall and their third title in succession.

Munster's Jimmy Kennedy was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-01.
Early Human Development
Early Human Development is an academic journal covering human development published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is E.F. Maalouf (Homerton University Hospital). The journal covers research on the continuum between fetal life and the perinatal period, aspects of postnatal growth influenced by early events, and the safeguarding of the quality of human survival.

The journal is known for publishing "a large number of unprofessional articles" and was under investigation by the publisher as of December 2020.

Development of the human body
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through cell proliferation and differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the uterus, where the embryo continues development through a fetal stage until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development that is influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life: through childhood and adolescence into adulthood.
Changhua Plain
Changhua Plain (Chinese: 彰化平原; pinyin: Zhānghuà Píngyuán), which is sometimes listed as "Changhua Coastal Plain", is an alluvial plain in central Taiwan on the west coast between the Old Zhuoshui River (舊濁水溪) and Dadu River, and bordered to the east by the Bagua Plateau.

It occupied the northern parts of Changhua County, with a length of about 40 km (25 mi) and a width varying between 12 and 15 km (7.5 and 9.3 mi). While the area is mostly flat, the altitude ranges from about 12 to 45 meters (39 to 148 feet) above sea level.

Except for Bagua Plateau, Changhua County is divided into two plains: Changhua Plain and the Zhuoshui River Alluvial Fan (濁水溪沖積扇), separated by the Old Zhuoshui River.

Dadu River (Taiwan)
24°10′11.5″N 120°31′05.7″E﻿ / ﻿24.169861°N 120.518250°E﻿ / 24.169861; 120.518250

The Dadu River, also called the Wu River, is a major river in the Northwest of Taiwan. It is the sixth-longest river on the island with a total length of 124 km (77 mi).
Halwes
Halwes was a racehorse, a Tasmanian pacer, foaled in 1959 who was notable for his win in the 1968 Miracle Mile Pace, an Australian record time trial, and his dramatic late scratching at the 1968 Inter Dominion.

Miracle Mile Pace
The Miracle Mile is an Australian harness racing event for Standardbred pacers that was held at Harold Park Racetrack each November until 2008 when the race was switched to Menangle Park Paceway. Prize money has long been among that of Australia's leading harness races and has often included bonuses for speed.
2004 African Badminton Championships
The 2004 African Badminton Championships were the continental badminton championships to crown the best players and teams across Africa. The tournament was held at the National Badminton Centre in Beau Bassin-Rose Hill, Mauritius, from 18 to 24 April 2004. This tournament also served as the African qualifiers for the 2004 Summer Olympics badminton event.

A total of 12 teams competed in the team event. In the semi-final of the team event, South Africa and Nigeria beat Mauritius and Seychelles to enter the final. South Africa won the final by defeating Nigeria 3–1.

Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Goudi Olympic Hall at the Goudi Olympic Complex from 14 August through 21 August. Both men and women competed in their own singles and doubles events and together they competed in a mixed doubles event.
Palawan bearded pig
The Palawan bearded pig (Sus ahoenobarbus) is a pig species in the genus Sus endemic to the Philippines, where it occurs on the archipelago of islands formed by Balabac, Palawan, and the Calamian Islands. It is 1 to 1.6 m (3.3 to 5.2 ft) in length, about 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and weigh up to 150 kg (330 lb).

Sus (genus)
Sus (/ˈsuːs/) is the genus of domestic and wild pigs, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae. Sus includes domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and their ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), along with various other species. Sus species, like all suids, are native to the Eurasian and African continents, ranging from Europe to the Pacific islands.

Juvenile pigs are known as piglets. Pigs live in complex social groups and are considered one of the more intelligent mammals, as reflected in their ability to learn.

With around 1 billion of this species alive at any time, the domestic pig is among the most populous large mammals in the world. Pigs are omnivores and can consume a wide range of food. Pigs are biologically similar to humans and are thus frequently used for human medical research.
Nankeen night heron
The nankeen night heron (Nycticorax caledonicus) is a heron that belongs to the genus Nycticorax and the family Ardeidae. Due to its distinctive reddish-brown colour, it is also commonly referred to as the rufous night heron. It is primarily nocturnal and is observed in a broad range of habitats, including forests, meadows, shores, reefs, marshes, grasslands, and swamps. The species is 55 to 65 cm (22 to 26 in) in length, with rich cinnamon upperparts and white underparts. The nankeen night heron has a stable population size, and is classified as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Nycticorax
Nycticorax is a genus of night herons. The name Nycticorax means "night raven" and derives from the Ancient Greek νύκτος, nuktos "night" and κοραξ, korax, "raven". It refers to the largely nocturnal feeding habits of this group of birds, and the croaking crow-like call of the best known species, the black-crowned night heron.
Jessica Cash
Jessica Cash (1939 – 4 August 2023) was a British soprano and voice coach. Trained at the Royal College of Music, Cash was a regular performer during the 1960s and 1970s at the Glyndebourne Festival, where her interpretation in 1968 of the Queen of the Night in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, conducted by Myer Fredman, was particularly noted. She remained part of the production until 1971, when it toured Opera Scotland in spring. She also performed with Kent Opera, and with the Welsh National Opera. In 1975 she took part in a performance of Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea at the Proms conducted by Roger Norrington, as Pallade, Damigella and Virtù, alongside Sarah Walker in the title role.

Among her students were Elizabeth Anker, Lesley Garrett, Maria Jonas, Dame Emma Kirkby and Evelyn Tubb.

Cash died on 4 August 2023, aged 84, at her home in Derbyshire.

Roger Norrington
Sir Roger Arthur Carver Norrington (16 March 1934 – 18 July 2025) was an English conductor, best known for historically informed performances of baroque, classical, and romantic music, which often entailed minimal use of vibrato and applying historically informed principles to modern orchestras.

He was the musical director at the Kent Opera, the London Classical Players, Bournemouth Sinfonietta and Orchestra of St. Luke's. From the 1990s he was the principal conductor of the Camerata Salzburg and Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, where he developed the "Stuttgart Sound". He was a guest conductor for major orchestras and an advisor to musical societies.
Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor
Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptors, receptor guanylate cyclases or membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases are single-pass transmembrane proteins. Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor on cell surface consists of two parts: the extracellular part, or the receptor domain, and the intracellular part, or the guanylate cyclase activity domain. When the receptor is activated by the ligation, it can cyclize the guanylate into cGMP. An example of Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptors is ANF receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3)  in kidney. Additionally, there exist intracellular guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor like soluble NO-activated guanylate cyclase.

They are enzyme-linked receptors:

GC-A (NPR1/GUCY2A) & GC-B (NPR2/GUCY2B): for natriuretic factors such as atrial natriuretic factor (ANF).

GC-C (GUCY2C): for guanylin and uroguanylin.

GC-D (GUCY2D)

GC-E (GUCY2E)

GC-F (GUCY2F)

There is also a human pseudogene for GUCY2GP.

Enzyme-linked receptor
An enzyme-linked receptor, also known as a catalytic receptor, is a transmembrane receptor, where the binding of an extracellular ligand causes enzymatic activity on the intracellular side. Hence a catalytic receptor is an integral membrane protein possessing both catalytic, and receptor functions.

They have two important domains, an extra-cellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain, which has a catalytic function; and a single transmembrane helix.  The signaling molecule binds to the receptor on the outside of the cell and causes a conformational change on the catalytic function located on the receptor inside the cell.

Examples of the enzymatic activity include:

Receptor tyrosine kinase, as in fibroblast growth factor receptor. Most enzyme-linked receptors are of this type.

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, as in bone morphogenetic protein

Guanylate cyclase, as in atrial natriuretic factor receptor
Iris hookeriana
Iris hookeriana  is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Himalayan mountains of India and Pakistan. It has long pale green or yellow green leaves, long slender stem and fragrant blue, purple or lilac flowers, that are mottled with a darker colour. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Benin City National Museum
The Benin City National Museum is a national museum in Benin City, Nigeria, located in the city centre on King's Square. The museum has a significant number of artifacts related to the Benin Empire such as terracotta, bronze figures and cast iron pieces. It also has ancient art related to the early times.

The National Museum, Benin City was opened to the public in 1973. It is managed by the National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM), an agency  of the Federal Government of Nigeria responsible for the preservation, promotion and development of Nigeria's cultural heritage.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.
1977 United Bank Classic
The 1977 United Bank Classic, also known as the Denver WCT, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado in the United States that was part of the 3 star category of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place from April 18 through April 24, 1977. First-seeded Björn Borg won the singles competition.

1977 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF, later the ITF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Colgate-Palmolive Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking. Colgate-Palmolive was the new tour sponsor, taking over from Commercial Union. Guillermo Vilas won the Grand Prix circuit, having accumulated the most points (2,047), and received the largest share from the bonus pool ($300,000). The top eight points ranked singles players as well as the top four doubles teams qualified for the season-ending Masters tournament
Dryden, Ontario
Dryden is the second-largest city in the Kenora District of northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on Wabigoon Lake. It is the least populous community in Ontario incorporated as a city. The City of Dryden had a population of 7,388 and its population centre (urban area) had a population of 5,355 in 2021.

Dryden was incorporated as a town in 1910 and as a city in 1998. The main industries in Dryden include manufacturing (particularly pulp and paper), renewable energy (including bioenergy and solar energy), and service. Dryden is located on Ontario's Highway 17, which forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway. It is situated halfway between the larger cities of Winnipeg and Thunder Bay.

Thunder Bay International Airport
Thunder Bay Airport (IATA: YQT, ICAO: CYQT) is in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. With 108,130 aircraft movements in 2012, it was the fourth busiest airport in Ontario and the 16th busiest airport in Canada. During the same year, more than 761,000 passengers went through the airport.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with up to 40 passengers.

The reference of "International" in the name of the Thunder Bay International Airport Authority Inc. (TBIAAI) is used for business purposes only. The TBIAAI has not sought to receive official Canadian designation as "International", in accordance with all applicable domestic and international requirements as defined by ICAO Annex 9.
Osnabrück–Brackwede railway
The Osnabrück–Brackwede railway, also the called the Haller Willem, is a single-track branch line running through the Teutoburg Forest (German: Teutoburger Wald) from Osnabrück via Dissen-Bad Rothenfelde and Halle (Westf) to Brackwede in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The line is known for its steep climb to the Teutoburg Forest, where a tunnel was omitted for cost reasons. The railway was built in 1886 in response to demands for a line from Osnabrück to Bielefeld. In 1984, the section from Osnabrück to Dissen-Bad Rothenfelde was closed for passenger traffic, freight traffic continued until 1991. After numerous protests this section of track was reactivated in 2005. The entire line is owned by Deutsche Bahn, but the section from Dissen-Bad Rothenfelde to Osnabrück has been leased to the Verkehrsgesellschaft Landkreis Osnabrück (transport company of Osnabrück district). The Brackwede–Dissen section is part of Deutsche Bahn’s Münster-Ostwestfalen regional network (MOW).

Brackwede station
Brackwede station is the second most important station in the city of Bielefeld in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, after Bielefeld Hauptbahnhof. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. Train services are operated by NordWestBahn and Eurobahn.
Hans-Joachim Birkner
Hans-Joachim Birkner (22 October 1921 – 14 December 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 117 aerial victories—that is, 117 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in 284 combat missions, becoming an "ace-in-a-day" on three separate occasions.

Born in Schönwalde, Birkner was trained as a fighter pilot and posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52–52nd Fighter Wing) in 1943. Fighting on the Eastern Front, he claimed his first aerial victory on 1 October 1943. Following his 98th aerial victory, Birkner was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944. On 1 October, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of JG 52. Two weeks later, he claimed his 100th aerial victory. Birkner was killed in a flight accident on 14 December at an airfield at Kraków.

Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia, formerly known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River. It is the administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporizhzhia has a population of 710,052 (2022 estimate).

Zaporizhzhia is known for the historic island of Khortytsia, multiple power stations and for being an important industrial centre. Steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industrial goods are produced in the region.
History of religious life in Vicenza
The city of Vicenza and its territory have a rich history of religious tradition and culture. Over the centuries multiple expressions of popular faith have been translated into events and works of art, just as significant has been the presence of ecclesiastical institutions that, alongside civil ones, have influenced social life.

Giovanni de Surdis Cacciafronte
Giovanni de Surdis Cacciafronte (1125 - 16 March 1184) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and bishop from the Order of Saint Benedict. He served as the Bishop of Mantua from 1174 until his resignation in 1177 and held the position of Bishop of Vicenza from 1179 until his murder. The schism that Antipope Victor IV caused enabled him to proclaim his support for Pope Alexander III though leading to his removal from a position at the behest of Frederick Barbarossa.

The beatification cause commenced in 1222 under Pope Honorius III and culminated on 30 March 1824 when his beatification received formal ratification from Pope Leo XII upon the confirmation of the late bishop's enduring local 'cultus' - or popular devotion.
George Heinz
George Victor Heinz (8 October 1891 – 3 October 1966) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club, the Melbourne Football Club, and the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

1911 Adelaide Carnival
The 1911 Adelaide Carnival was the second edition of the Australasian Football Carnival, an Australian football interstate competition. It took place from 2 to 12 August at Adelaide Oval.

A crowd of 20,000 witnessed South Australia convincingly defeat Victoria in the final to win the championship.
Academy (English school)
An academy school in England is a state-funded school which is directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. 80% of secondary schools, 40% of primary schools and 44% of special schools are academies as of October 2023.

Academies are self-governing non-profit charitable trusts and may receive additional support from personal or corporate sponsors, either financially or in kind. Academies are inspected and follow the same rules on admissions, special educational needs and exclusions as other state schools and students sit the same national exams. They have more autonomy with the National Curriculum, but must ensure their curriculum is broad and balanced, and that it includes the core subjects of English, maths and science. They must also teach relationships and sex education, and religious education. They are free to choose their specialisms.

Secretary of State for Education
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education, mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.