hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavia, Iloilo
Pavia, officially the Municipality of Pavia ([paˈvia], Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Pavia, Tagalog: Bayan ng Pavia), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 74,594 people.

The town is known as the regional agro-industrial center, home to numerous manufacturing companies. It is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Iloilo City and is part of the Metro Iloilo–Guimaras area.

Leganes, Iloilo
Leganes, officially the Municipality of Leganes (Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Leganes, Tagalog: Bayan ng Leganes), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 36,542 people.

It is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of the capital Iloilo City and is part of the Metro Iloilo–Guimaras area. Like most Philippine towns that sprawl outward from the capital, is made up of houses, farms and light agricultural industry. The major thoroughfare runs right through the center of the town.
Chinese burial money
Chinese burial money (traditional Chinese: 瘞錢; simplified Chinese: 瘗钱; pinyin: yì qián) a.k.a. dark coins (traditional Chinese: 冥錢; simplified Chinese: 冥钱; pinyin: míng qián) are Chinese imitations of currency that are placed in the grave of a person that is to be buried. The practice dates to the Shang dynasty when cowrie shells were used, in the belief that the money would be used in the afterlife as a bribe to Yan Wang (also known as Yama) for a more favourable spiritual destination. The practice changed to replica currency to deter grave robbers, and these coins and other imitation currencies were referred to as clay money (泥錢) or earthenware money (陶土幣).

Chinese burial money has been discovered dating as far back as 1300 BCE and remained popular throughout Chinese history until the advent of joss paper and hell money during the late 19th century CE.

Ying Yuan
Ying Yuan (Chinese: 郢爰; pinyin: yǐng yuán) were stamped blocks of gold bullion. This was an early form of currency that could be considered a precursor to gold coins. They were issued by the ancient Chinese state of Chu during the Warring States period between the 400s and late 200s BCE.
Uganda Financial Intelligence Authority
The Uganda Financial Intelligence Authority (UFIA), is a government agency established by the Parliament of Uganda to monitor, investigate, and prevent money laundering in the country. It is also responsible for the enforcement of Uganda's anti-money laundering laws and the monitoring of all financial transactions inside the country's borders.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Solar challenge
Solar challenge refers to races between solar powered vehicles, such as:

World Solar Challenge, a biennial (odd years) worldwide event in Australia, first held in 1987

American Solar Challenge, a biennial (even years) US event, first held in 1990

Dell-Winston School Solar Car Challenge, an annual event for students from the US and (to a lesser extent) other parts of the world, first held in 1995

Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge, an annual event in Australia for schoolchildren

South African Solar Challenge, a bi-annual South African event that is to be held for the first time in 2008

Bharat Solar Challenge, a Solar car race in India

Solar Car Challenge
The Solar Car Challenge is an annual solar-powered car race organized in Texas for high school students. The event attracts teams from around the world, but mostly from American high schools. Originating as a class competition held in 1989, the first official race was held in 1995. Each event is the end product of a two-year education cycle organized by the Solar Car Challenge Foundation, a non-profit. The venue of the race typically alternates annually between being cross-country races which start at the Texas Motor Speedway and track races taking place solely at the speedway.  Currently, this means that track races take place on even years and cross-country races on odd years, but occasionally consecutive track races are held which disrupt this pattern. Most recently, in July 2025, the race took place around Texas Motor Speedway, with a cross country race across the state of Texas scheduled for July 2026.
2012 Intersport Heilbronn Open
The 2012 Intersport Heilbronn Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Heilbronn, Germany between 23 and 29 January 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Antithesis (Netherlands)
The Antithesis (Dutch: Antithese) is a conflict between Christian democratic, confessional parties, united in the Coalition and Liberal parties, united in the Concentration between 1888 and 1918. The conflict concerned the equalisation of payment for religious schools. The realisation of this necessitated a constitutional revision, which needed the support of two-thirds of both houses of parliament. Both political parties held about fifty per cent of the MPs, however. The issue was forced by Anti-Revolutionary Party leader Abraham Kuyper, who hoped that an alliance of Catholics and Protestants would gain the necessary number of seats, but this strategy failed. The issue was finally resolved in the Pacification of 1917.

Liberalism in the Netherlands
Liberalism in the Netherlands started as an anti-monarchical effort spearheaded by the Dutch statesman Thorbecke, who almost single-handedly wrote the 1848 Constitution of the Netherlands that turned the country into a constitutional monarchy.

In contemporary politics, there are both left and right-wing parties that refer to themselves as "liberal", with the former more often espousing social liberalism and the latter more often espousing conservative liberalism. A common characteristic of these parties that they are nominally secular, in contrast to the traditionally dominant and still popular Christian democracy.

This article gives an overview of liberalism in the Netherlands. It is limited to political parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament.
Taff Trail
The Taff Trail (Welsh: Taith Taf) is a walking and cycle path that runs for 55 miles (89 km) between Cardiff Bay and Brecon in Wales. It is so named because it follows the course of the River Taff. Along much of its length, it follows the National Cycle Network Route 8 (Lôn Las Cymru) that continues to Holyhead, and is substantially off-road.

River Taff
The River Taff (Welsh: Afon Taf) is a river in Wales. It rises in the Brecon Beacons as two rivers, the Taf Fechan ("little Taff") and the Taf Fawr ("great Taff") before becoming one just north of Merthyr Tydfil. At Cardiff, it empties into the Bristol Channel.

The river supports several species of migratory fish, including salmon, sewins (sea trout), and eels.
USS Reform
USS Reform (AM-286) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean before voyaging to the U.S. East Coast for decommissioning. Post-war, her crew returned home with three battle stars to their credit. The ship itself, its wartime mission complete, was given to China.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
Roger Apéry
Roger Apéry (French: [apeʁi]; 14 November 1916 – 18 December 1994) was a Greek-French mathematician most remembered for Apéry's theorem, which states that ζ(3) is an irrational number. Here, ζ(s) denotes the Riemann zeta function.

Alfred van der Poorten
Alfred Jacobus (Alf) van der Poorten AM (16 May 1942 – 9 October 2010) was a Dutch-Australian number theorist, for many years on the mathematics faculties of the University of New South Wales and Macquarie University.
Xenon dibromide
Xenon dibromide is an unstable chemical compound with the chemical formula XeBr2. It has been produced by a decay technique involving the decomposition of iodine-129:

129IBr2– → XeBr2 + e–

Attempts to prepare this compound by combining elemental xenon and bromine only resulted in the XeBr radical. This compound is expected to be less stable than xenon difluoride and xenon dichloride. It is also expected to decompose to xenon and bromine.

Xenon tetrachloride is another noble-gas halide that can only be synthesized by the decay technique.

Xenon difluoride
Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF2, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides, it is moisture-sensitive. It gradually decomposes on contact with water vapor, but is otherwise stable in storage. Xenon difluoride is a dense, colourless crystalline solid.

It has a nauseating odour and low vapor pressure.
Gustav Pfarrius
August Konrad Gustav Pfarrius (31 December 1800 – 15 August 1884) was a German poet and teacher, celebrated as the „Sänger des Nahetals“ after his homeland on the left bank of the Rhine.

Born in Hedessheim near Bad Kreuznach, he interrupted theological studies in Halle and moved to Bonn to take up Latin, French and history with Ernst Moritz Arndt, becoming acquainted with Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Karl Simrock and Heinrich Heine. Appointments to teaching positions took him to Saarbrücken (1823) and Köln (1834): in 1858 he built a villa, Haus Herresberg, near Remagen.

He is remembered in the English-speaking world for three songs set by Robert Schumann as Opus 119. Another of his songs was set to music by Max Bruch.: 27–28

Ernst Moritz Arndt
Ernst Moritz Arndt (26 December 1769 – 29 January 1860) was a German nationalist historian, writer and poet. Early in his life, he fought for the abolition of serfdom, later against Napoleonic dominance over Germany. Arndt had to flee to Sweden for some time due to his anti-French positions. He is one of the main founders of German nationalism during the Napoleonic wars and the 19th century movement for German unification. After the Carlsbad Decrees, the forces of the restoration counted him as a demagogue.

Arndt played an important role for the early national and liberal Burschenschaft movement and for the unification movement, and his song "Was ist des Deutschen Vaterland?" acted as an unofficial German national anthem.
Demographics of Peru
This is a demography of the population of Peru including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Peru is a multiethnic country, which means that it is home to people of many different historical backgrounds. Therefore, it is a multicultural country as well. Since it is a multiethnic society, Peruvian people usually treat their nationality as a citizenship instead of an ethnicity. The Peruvian census does not contain information about ethnicity so only rough estimates are available.

Department of Amazonas (Peru)
Amazonas (Spanish pronunciation: [amaˈsonas])  is a department of Peru. Located in the country's north, it is bordered by Ecuador on the north and west, Cajamarca on the west, La Libertad on the south, and Loreto and San Martín on the east. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Chachapoyas.

With a landscape of steep river gorges and mountains, Amazonas is the location of Kuelap, a huge stone fortress enclosing more than 400 stone structures; it was built on a mountain about 3,000 meters high, starting about 500 AD and was occupied to the mid-16th century. It is one of Peru's major archeological sites.
Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation
The Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by Roger Dodd, Robin Bullough, and Alexander Mikhailov.

In 2005, mathematician Abdul-Majid Wazwaz combined  the Tzitzeica equation with Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation into the Tzitz´eica–Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation.

The Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation has traveling wave solutions.

Nonlinear partial differential equation
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms. They describe many different physical systems, ranging from gravitation to fluid dynamics, and have been used in mathematics to solve problems such as the Poincaré conjecture and the Calabi conjecture. They are difficult to study: almost no general techniques exist that work for all such equations, and usually each individual equation has to be studied as a separate problem.

The distinction between a linear and a nonlinear partial differential equation is usually made in terms of the properties of the operator that defines the PDE itself.
Computer security incident management
In the fields of computer security and information technology, computer security incident management involves the monitoring and detection of security events on a computer or computer network, and the execution of proper responses to those events. Computer security incident management is a specialized form of incident management, the primary purpose of which is the development of a well understood and predictable response to damaging events and computer intrusions.

Incident management requires a process and a response team which follows this process. In the United States, This definition of computer security incident management follows the standards and definitions described in the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The incident coordinator manages the response to an emergency security incident. In a Natural Disaster or other event requiring response from Emergency services, the incident coordinator would act as a liaison to the emergency services incident manager.

Incident management
An incident is an event that could lead to loss of, or disruption to, an organization's operations, services or functions. Incident management (IcM) is a term describing the activities of an organization to identify, analyze, and correct hazards to prevent a future re-occurrence. These incidents within a structured organization are normally dealt with by either an incident response team (IRT), an incident management team (IMT), or Incident Command System (ICS). Without effective incident management, an incident can disrupt business operations, information security, IT systems, employees, customers, or other vital business functions.
Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine
The Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine (CUSOM) is a private medical school in Lillington, North Carolina. It is one of seven schools at Campbell University.

CUSOM is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation. Graduates of CUSOM receive a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (D.O.). The inaugural class matriculated in 2013 and graduated in 2017.

Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
The American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) accredits medical schools granting the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree in the United States. The US Department of Education lists the Commission as a recognized accreditor.
Weapons Tight
Weapons Tight is a NATO brevity code "weapon control order" used in anti-aircraft warfare, imposing a status whereby weapons systems may only be fired at targets confirmed as hostile.

Compare to Weapons Hold, whereby it is ordered that weapons may only be fired at targets (especially aircraft or missiles) when under attack, or in response to a formal order; also compare to Weapons Free, which denotes an order that weapons may be fired at targets not positively identified as friendly. (The latter term should not be confused with the expression denoting areas without weapons in them, particularly nuclear-weapon-free zones.)

Multi-service tactical brevity code
Multi-Service Tactical Brevity Codes are standardized procedure words used by multiple branches of the military to efficiently communicate complex information through concise, easily understood terms. These codes are a specialized form of voice procedure intended to improve clarity, speed, and coordination in tactical operations.
Battle of Minicoy Island
The Battle of Minicoy Island was a single ship action in January 2011 between Indian naval forces and Somali pirates, during Operation Island Watch. Pirates in the former Thai fishing trawler Prantalay 14 resisted and attacked the Indian Navy patrol vessel INS Cankarso and, in a long surface action off Minicoy Island, the Indians sank the hostile ship and rescued twenty captives.

Minicoy
Minicoy, locally known as Maliku (Dhivehi: މަލިކު; pronounced [məliku]), is an island in Lakshadweep, India. Along with Viringili, it is on Maliku atoll, the southernmost atoll of Lakshadweep archipelago. Administratively, it is a census town in the Indian union territory of Lakshadweep. The island is situated 398 km southwest of Kochi and 425 km west of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala.
Tramway track
Tramway track is used on tramways or light rail operations. As with standard rail tracks, tram tracks have two parallel steel rails, the distance between the heads of the rails being the track gauge. When there is no need for pedestrians or road vehicles to traverse the track, conventional flat-bottom rail is used. However, when such traffic exists, such as in urban streets, grooved rails are used.

Tram rails can be placed on several surfaces, such as on ground over which track ballast topped by sleepers (US: ties)  and flat-bottom rails are laid – as with railway tracks – or, for street running, with grooved rails usually embedded into a concrete pavement. In some places, tracks are laid into grass turf surfaces; they are known as green track, grassed track or track in lawn.

Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.
Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium in Birmingham on 6 August 2022.

The winning margin was 7 cm which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's hammer throw was won by less than 10 cm at these games.

Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Athletics was one of the core sports that was held at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. As a founding sport, athletics had appeared consistently since its introduction at the 1911 Inter-Empire Games, the recognized precursor to the Commonwealth Games.

The competition was split in two parts:the four marathon events (including the wheelchair marathon) were scheduled to the day 30 July and the other 54 events were held between 2 and 7 August 2022, spread across 58 events (including 10 para athletics events).
Triglav (mythology)
Triglav (lit. "Three-headed one") was the chief god of the Pomeranian and probably some of the Polabian Slavs, worshipped in Szczecin, Wolin and probably Brenna (now Brandenburg). His cult is attested to in several biographies of the bishop St. Otto of Bamberg in the years immediately preceding his suppression of it in 1127.

Jiří Dynda
Jiří Dynda (born 1988) is a Czech researcher with interests in religious studies, folklore and medieval studies.

As of 2023 he is with the Institute of Slavonic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

In 2021 he earned his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, thesis: "Gods and Demons: The Construction of the Slavic Paganism in the Medieval Textual Sources".
Triplestore
A triplestore or RDF store is a purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries. A triple is a data entity composed of subject–predicate–object, like "Bob is 35" (i.e., Bob's age measured in years is 35) or "Bob knows Fred".

Much like a relational database, information in a triplestore is stored and retrieved via a query language. Unlike a relational database, a triplestore is optimized for the storage and retrieval of triples. In addition to queries, triples can usually be imported and exported using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and other formats.

Query language
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).
Khorramzar
Khorramzar (Persian: خرم زار, also Romanized as Khorramzār) is a village in Jereh Rural District, Jereh and Baladeh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 352, in 77 families.

Jereh Rural District (Kazerun County)
Jereh Rural District (Persian: دهستان جره) is in Jereh and Baladeh District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jereh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baladeh, now the city of Valashahr.
HMS Andromeda (F57)
HMS Andromeda was a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built at HM Dockyard Portsmouth. She was launched on 24 May 1967 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 2 December 1968. She took part in the Falklands War. She was sold to India in 1995, for use as a training ship, being renamed INS Krishna. She was finally decommissioned in May 2012.

Leander-class frigate
The Leander-class, or Type 12I (Improved) frigates, comprising twenty-six vessels, was among the most numerous and long-lived classes of frigate in the Royal Navy's modern history. The class was built in three batches between 1959 and 1973. It had an unusually high public profile, due to the popular BBC television drama series Warship. The Leander silhouette became synonymous with the Royal Navy through the 1960s until the 1980s.

The Leander design or derivatives of it were built for other navies:

Royal New Zealand Navy as the Leander class

Chilean Navy: Condell class

Royal Australian Navy: River class

Indian Navy: Nilgiri class

Royal Netherlands Navy: Van Speijk class