hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thamnophis saurita saurita
Thamnophis saurita saurita, the eastern ribbon snake or common ribbon snake, is one of four subspecies of the ribbon snake found in the southeastern United States.

Some similar species are the western ribbon snake, common garter snake, plains garter snake, and Butler's garter snake.

The other three subspecies are the northern (T. s. septentrionalis), southern (T. s. sackenii), and bluestripe (T. s. nitae) ribbon snakes.

Plains garter snake
The plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix) is a species of garter snake native to most of the central United States as far north as Canada and as far south as Texas. It has a distinctive orange or yellow stripe from its head to tail, and the rest of its body is mainly a gray-green color. The snake is commonly found living near water sources such as streams and ponds, but can also be found in urban areas and vacant lots. Although the IUCN lists the species as "Least Concern", some states have given it their own special status. This species is mildly venomous, although the venom is not toxic to humans.
Edgar Christensen
Edgar Normann Christensen (April 13, 1905 – July 13, 1977) was a Norwegian-American boxer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Minneapolis.

Edgar Normann Christensen competed in the Olympics on behalf of  Norway in 1924 in Paris.  He was eliminated in the second round of the welterweight class after losing his fight to Al Mello. He later took gold in the middleweight during the European Championship for amateurs in Berlin in 1927.

Under the name Edgar Normann, he fought professionally in the United States from November 1929 to July 1931. His career status after 8 years and 44 fights, 28 wins (including 15 by knockout), 9 losses (2 KO) and 7 draws.

Norwegian Americans
Norwegian Americans (Norwegian: Norskamerikanere/Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the 2021 U.S. census; most live in the Upper Midwest and on the West Coast of the United States.
Great and Little Preston
Great and Little Preston is a civil parish in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 census it had a population of 1,449, and 1,463 in the 2011 census. It sits within the Leeds City Council ward of Garforth and Swillington.

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
Tokugawa Ieyasu's Clock
Tokugawa Ieyasu's Clock (Japanese: 徳川家康の洋時計, Tokugawa Ieyasu no yōdokei) is a clock which was given to Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu of Japan by King Philip III of Spain in 1611. Built in 1573 or 1581, the clock is the oldest surviving clock in Japan and one of the few surviving clocks in the world of its era. Since Ieyasu's death, the clock has been stored at Kunōzan Tōshō-gū, and has since been designated as an Important Cultural Property with application to designate it as a National Treasure in Japan under consideration. A 2012 examination by the British Museum concluded that the clock is likely the only clock in the world of its era in which almost all of the internal parts remain as they were originally made.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
Yurac Salla
Yurac Salla (possibly from Quechua yuraq white, salla large cliff of gravel, "white cliff of gravel") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is lies in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Ollachea District. Yurac Salla is situated north-east of the mountains Jori Pintay, Taruca Sayana and Quello Sallayoc.

There is a little lake south-east of Yurac Salla named Joritoruyoc ("the one with gold mud"). An intermittent stream of the same name flows from the lake to the north-east where it meets the river Quichomayu.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
Paul L. Krinsky
Paul L. Krinsky (November 9, 1928 – June 17, 2023) was an American merchant mariner and sailor. He served as the superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy from 1987 to 1993 and attained the rank of rear admiral.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Slavic microlanguages
Slavic microlanguages are literary linguistic varieties that exist alongside the better-known Slavic languages of historically prominent nations. The term "literary microlanguages" was coined by Aleksandr Dulichenko in the late 1970s; it subsequently became a standard term in Slavistics.

Slavic microlanguages exist both as geographically and socially peripheral dialects of more well-established Slavic languages and as completely isolated ethnolects. They often enjoy a written form, a certain degree of standardisation and are used in a variety of circumstances typical of codified idioms—albeit in a limited fashion and always alongside a national standard language.

Banat Bulgarian dialect
Banat Bulgarian (Banat Bulgarian: Palćena balgarsćija jazić or Banátsća balgarsćija jazić; Bulgarian: банатскa българскa книжовна норма, romanized: banatska bâlgarska knižovna norma) is the outermost dialect of the Bulgarian language with standardized writing and an old literary tradition. It is spoken by the Banat Bulgarians in the Banat region of Romania and Serbia. Officially, it is spoken by 8,000 people (1,658 in Serbia, and 6,500 in Romania), though other estimates give numbers up to 15,000.

In 1998, Jáni Vasilčin from Dudeștii Vechi translated the New Testament into Banat Bulgarian: Svetotu Pismu Novija Zákun. In 2017 Ána Marijka Bodor published  a Banat Bulgarian translation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's Little Prince.
Chitrapur Math
Shri Chitrapur Math is the central math (community temple) for the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin sect. It has been located at Shirali in the Bhatkal Taluk in the North Kanara district of Karnataka since 1757. The other maths of the community are located in Gokarna, Karla, Mangalore and Mallapur. All of the maths have the insignia of the saffron flag.

The chief deity worshipped in the math is Shri Bhavanishankar, a form of Shiva. The other 6 sanctorums of the temple are of the Samadhis of the previous GuruSwami's of the community. Daily puja is carried out at the shrine of Bhavanishankar as well as the other Swamijis.

As of 2023 Shri Sadyojat Shankarashram Swamiji is the head of the math, having ascended the Peetha in February 1997. Shree Sadyojat Shankarashram Swamiji is the eleventh of this lineage of Gurus which began in 1708.

Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin
Chitrapur Saraswats are a small Konkani-speaking community of Hindu Brahmins in India. They are traditionally found along the Kanara coast and call themselves Bhanaps in the Konkani language.

Susan Bayly says that they were formed from communities engaged in scribal work and commerce and were of "unclear status" until almost the end of the 18th century when they were "Brahmanised" into a caste by some touring Brahmins or gurus. Frank Conlon says they are originally from North India.
Niranjan Hiranandani
Niranjan Hiranandani (born 8 March 1950) is an Indian billionaire businessman, the co-founder and managing director of Hiranandani Group, engaged in real estate business. He is ranked by Forbes among the 100 richest Indians, with a net worth of US$1.6 billion as of June 2021.

In 2020, he was in the Top 10 Indian real estate tycoons according to the Grohe Hurun report. In 2020, he was the second richest person in the Real estate Sector as per the IIFL Wealth Hurun India Rich List (2020). Along with members of his family, Hiranandani controls the privately owned Hiranandani Group.

Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board
The Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board or HSNC Board (Sindhi: حيدرآباد (سنڌ) نيشنل ڪاليجيئيٽ بورڊ HSNCB) is an Indian non-profit organisation founded in 1922 (or 1919) in the British India province of Sind and moved to Bombay, India after the 1947 Partition.
It is one of the oldest educational trusts of India and currently administers 27 institutes under its umbrella including the HSNC University, Mumbai.
Kimi (chatbot)
Kimi is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot and series of large language models developed by Chinese company Moonshot AI. Its first version, released in 2023, was known for supporting up to 128,000 tokens of context. Kimi K2, an open-weight model released in July 2025, showed strong performances on coding benchmarks.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Dargans Deviation
The Dargans Deviation was a section of the original Main Western railway line over the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. It was constructed from 1896 to 1897 in an effort to ease the grades of the original alignment (1 in 33) from before Newnes Junction to Clarence, with a ruling grade of 1 in 60. Along with a few crossing loops, it enabled much longer trains to use the line. After the construction of the Ten Tunnels Deviation, it was abandoned.

Ten Tunnels Deviation
The Ten Tunnels Deviation is a heritage-listed 9.2-kilometre (5.7 mi) section of the Main Western Line between Newnes Junction and Zig Zag stations in Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built by the New South Wales Government Railways and built from 1 June 1908 and 16 October 1910. It is also known as Great Zig Zag Railway deviation tunnels and Bell to Zig Zag Ten Tunnel Railway Deviation. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

When they opened in 1910, the tunnels replaced the Lithgow Zig Zag, which limited the length of trains over the mountains and required two changes in direction. The deviation comprises ten tunnels of varying length from 70 to 825 metres (230 to 2,707 ft) over 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi). The work also included the excavation of a 61-metre (200 ft) cutting, the deepest cutting on the NSW rail system. Journey times were reduced by 20 to 30 minutes.
Büchi arithmetic
Büchi arithmetic of base k is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition and the function  which is defined as the largest power of k dividing x, named in honor of the Swiss mathematician Julius Richard Büchi. The signature of Büchi arithmetic contains only the addition operation,  and equality, omitting the multiplication operation entirely.

Unlike Peano arithmetic, Büchi arithmetic is a decidable theory. This means it is possible to effectively determine, for any sentence in the language of Büchi arithmetic, whether that sentence is provable from the axioms of Büchi arithmetic.

Signature (logic)
In mathematical logic, a signature is a description of the non-logical symbols of a formal language. In universal algebra, a signature lists the operations that characterize an algebraic structure. In model theory, signatures are used for both purposes. They are rarely made explicit in more philosophical treatments of logic.
1995 Sioux Lookout mid-air collision
On 1 May 1995, Bearskin Airlines Flight 362, a Fairchild Metroliner, collided mid-air with Air Sandy Flight 3101, a Piper PA-31 Navajo, approximately 19 km (12 mi) northwest of the Sioux Lookout Airport killing all 8 on board both aircraft.: 1  Bearskin Flight 362 crashed into Lac Seul, and Air Sandy Flight 3101 crashed into the forest nearby. The crash was followed by a lengthy investigation from the Transport Safety Board of Canada which led to several changes to aviation in Canada.

Sioux Lookout Airport
Sioux Lookout Airport (IATA: YXL, ICAO: CYXL) is a regional airport located in Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada. It is known locally as the "Hub of the North". The airport opened in 1933. In the 1930s, it was reported to be the second-busiest airport in North America, after Chicago Midway International Airport. Today, the airport is a "mini-hub" facilitating travel to and from many northern communities in Northwestern Ontario.
Provinces of South Korea
Provinces are one of the first-level divisions within South Korea. There are 9 provinces in South Korea: North Chungcheong, South Chungcheong, Gangwon State, Gyeonggi, North Gyeongsang, South Gyeongsang, North Jeolla, South Jeolla, and Jeju Special Self-Governing Province.

South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상남도, romanized: Gyeongsangnam-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.nam.do]) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.
Salvatore Sincere
Thomas Brandi (born July 9, 1966) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation from 1996 to 1998 under the ring name Salvatore Sincere and Tom Brandi. Brandi is also known for his appearances with the American Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling and Extreme Championship Wrestling as Johnny Gunn.

ECW World Tag Team Championship
The ECW World Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It was introduced in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliate and ECW precursor, Eastern Championship Wrestling in 1992, but was established under ECW in 1994.
Sycorax (moon)
Sycorax /ˈsɪkɒræks/ is the largest irregular satellite of Uranus, with a diameter of approximately 157 km. It was discovered on 6 September 1997 on the Hale Telescope in California. Sycorax's orbit is retrograde, irregular, and much more distant than that of Oberon, the furthest of Uranus's regular moons. It has been hypothesized that Sycorax is a captured object, as opposed to one that formed with Uranus.

John J. Kavelaars
J-John Kavelaars, better known as JJ Kavelaars (born 1966), is a Canadian astronomer who was part of a team that discovered several moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. He is also a discoverer of minor planets and an investigator on the extended New Horizons mission, having aided in the discovery of 486958 Arrokoth.
Evaporator (marine)
An evaporator, distiller or distilling apparatus is a piece of ship's equipment used to produce fresh drinking water from sea water by distillation. As fresh water is bulky, may spoil in storage, and is an essential supply for any long voyage, the ability to produce more fresh water in mid-ocean is important for any ship.

Glossary of boiler terms
Boilers for generating steam or hot water have been designed in countless shapes, sizes and configurations. An extensive terminology has evolved to describe their common features. This glossary provides definitions for these terms.

Terms which relate solely to boilers used for space heating or generating hot water are identified by (HVAC).
Kudat
Kudat (Malay: Pekan Kudat) is the capital of the Kudat District in the Kudat Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 29,025 in 2010. It is located on the Kudat Peninsula, about 190 kilometres (120 mi) north of Kota Kinabalu, the state capital, and is near the northernmost point of Borneo. It is the largest town in the heartland of the Rungus people which is a sub-ethnic group of the majority Kadazan-Dusun race and is therefore a major centre of Rungus culture. It is also notable for being one of the first parts of Sabah to be settled by Chinese Malaysians, particularly from the Hakka dialect group. It is the northernmost Malaysian city.

Tip of Borneo
The Tip of Borneo (Malay: Tanjung Simpang Mengayau; Rungus: Tanjung Sampang Mangazou) is the northernmost tip of Borneo located in Kudat District, Sabah, Malaysia. The tip marks the meeting point of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.
NUST SRC
NUST SRC is the legal student representative body of the Namibia University of Science and Technology students in Namibia. Based on Windhoek, it was formed in 1995 and represents 19 000 students of the university's student population.

Namibia University of Science and Technology
The Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), formerly known as Polytechnic of Namibia, is a public university located in the city of Windhoek, Namibia. NUST was headed by the founding vice-chancellor Tjama Tjivikua until March 2019. After two acting appointments, Erold Naomab was appointed vice-chancellor in January 2021. The largely ceremonial role of chancellor of the university is held by Peter Katjavivi.
Leo Camera
Joseph Leonard Camera (August 14, 1914 – June 30, 1993) is a Democratic politician who formerly served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. A native of Lorain, Ohio, Camera entered the race to replace retired Rep. Ed DeChant in 1968 and won the nomination and general election. He was sworn into office on January 3, 1969, and would serve a portion of Lorain County for the entirety of the 1970s.

A longtime labor leader, Camera served as Chairman of the House Commerce and Labor Committee for much of his later tenure in the legislature. In 1982, he would retire, and was succeeded by his cousin, Michael Camera. Following his time in the legislature, he would return to Lorain and retire.

Ed DeChant
Edward DeChant (September 30, 1888 – June 15, 1972) was a Democratic politician who formerly served in the Ohio House of Representatives.  A native of Lorain, Ohio, DeChant was initially elected to the Ohio House in 1948. He was sworn into office in 1949, in what would be the beginning of a long career in the legislature.  For the most of his tenure he represented an at-large of Lorain County.  However, following the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the House went to district representation.  He won election to the newly apportioned 74th District in 1966.

DeChant retired from the House in 1968, after serving in the House for twenty years, or ten terms.  He returned to private law practice following his retirement from politics. He died in 1972.
Aldrich Mountains
The Aldrich Mountains are a mountain range in Grant County, Oregon, United States. An east–west range rising south of the John Day River valley, the mountains are bounded on the west by the South Fork John Day River, on the south by Murderers Creek and the Bear Valley, and the east by Canyon Creek. Most of the Aldrich Mountains and the mountainous terrain south of them are contained within the Malheur National Forest. The highest point in the range is Fields Peak at 7,366 feet (2,245 m) The nearest human settlement is Mount Vernon, located in the John Day River valley. Across the South Fork John Day River to the west are the Ochoco Mountains, while across Canyon Creek to the east is the Strawberry Range.

Malheur National Forest
The Malheur National Forest is a National Forest in the U.S. state of Oregon.  It contains more than 1.4 million acres (5,700 km2) in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon.  The forest consists of high desert grasslands, sage, juniper, pine, fir, and other tree species.  Elevations vary from about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to the 9,038-foot (2,755 m) peak of Strawberry Mountain. The Strawberry Mountains of eastern Oregon extend east to west through the center of the forest. U.S. Route 395 runs south to north through the forest, while U.S. Route 26 runs east to west.
Helgi the Sharp (Ringerike)
In Ragnarssona þáttr, Helgi the Sharp, prince of Ringerike (Old Norse: Helgi Hvassi) was a grandson of king Ring II of Ringerike and the brother of Guðrøðr, the king of Ringerike and they lived in the 9th century.

Ragnar Lodbrok's sons Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, Björn Ironside and Hvitserk had raided in France and after Björn had gone home to Sweden, his brothers were attacked by emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. In the battle 100,000 Danes and Norwegians fell, including Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye and king Guðrøðr.

Helgi escaped from the battle with Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye's banner, sword and shield. He went to Denmark and informed Sigurd's mother Aslaug of her loss. Since the next king, Harthacnut, was still too young to rule, Helgi stayed in Denmark as its regent. There, Helgi married Harthacanute's twin sister, also named Aslaug, and they had the son Sigurd Hart.

Aslaug
Aslaug (Old Norse: Áslaug [ˈɑːsˌlɔuɣ]), also called Aslög, Kráka (O.N.: [ˈkrɑːkɑ]) or Kraba, is a figure in Norse mythology who appears in Snorri's Edda, the Völsunga saga and in the saga of Ragnar Lodbrok as one of his wives.