hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Sauer Bridge
The Paul Sauer Bridge, also known as the Storms River Bridge, is a deck arch bridge over the Storms River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The bridge is located on the Garden Route section of National Route 2, between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. At a maximum height of 120 metres (394 ft) above the Storms River, it was the highest concrete arch in Africa until the Bloukrans Bridge, 216 metres (709 ft), opened on the same road in 1984.

It is named after Paul Sauer.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
2009 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 2009 were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June.

The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 12 June 2009 in the United Kingdom, on 8 June 2009 in Australia, on 1 June 2009 in New Zealand, and on 15 June 2009 in The Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Belize, and Antigua & Barbuda.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.
Waldeck (electoral district)
Waldeck is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 166. It is located in northern Hesse, comprising most of the Landkreis Kassel district and the northern part of the Waldeck-Frankenberg district.

Waldeck was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2017 to 2025, it has been represented by Esther Dilcher of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Jan-Wilhelm Pohlmann of the  CDU.

Kassel (district)
Kassel district (German: Landkreis Kassel) is a district in the north of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Northeim, Göttingen, Werra-Meißner, Schwalm-Eder, Waldeck-Frankenberg, Höxter. The independent city of Kassel is nearly completely surrounded by the district.
Yamaska (provincial electoral district)
Yamaska (French pronunciation: [jamaska]) was a provincial electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral district was Nicolet-Yamaska.

Nicolet-Yamaska (provincial electoral district)
Nicolet-Yamaska (French pronunciation: [nikɔlɛ(t) jamaska]) is a former provincial electoral district in the Centre-du-Québec and Montérégie regions of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec.

As of its final election, it included the cities or municipalities of Pierreville, Nicolet, Bécancour, Sainte-Eulalie, Daveluyville, Saint-Leonard-d'Aston, Saint-Wenceslas and Saint-Gerard-Majella as well as portions of the city of Drummondville.

It was created for the 1973 election from parts of Nicolet and its final election was in 1976.  It disappeared in the 1981 election and Nicolet was recreated.  Nicolet disappeared again in the 1989 election, for which Nicolet-Yamaska was recreated. Nicolet-Yamaska's final election was in 2008.  It disappeared in the 2012 election and the successor electoral district was Nicolet-Bécancour.
Roti tissue
Roti tissue, roti tisu, or tisu prata is a sweet flatbread often sold at Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore. It is also known as "roti helikopter" (helicopter bread). Roti tisu is a thinner and crispier version of the traditional roti canai or roti prata. It is as thin as a piece of 40–50 cm round-shaped tissue.

Roti tisu is available at most local Mamak stalls in Malaysia and Singapore and may be coated with sweet substances, such as sugar and kaya (jam), or eaten with condiments such as ice cream.

The popularity of roti tissue has spread to neighbouring Indonesia, where it is found as street food in areas with significant Malays and Indian-Indonesian communities.

Coconut jam
Coconut jam, also known as kaya jam or simply kaya, is a sweet spread made from a base of coconut milk, eggs, sugar and sometimes pandan leaves as a flavouring. It is popular throughout Southeast Asia.
C'est C Bon
C'est C Bon is the fifth album by Carlene Carter. It was released in 1983 via Epic Records. The album was also her last pop album before she switched to mainstream country music for I Fell in Love (1990). It was reissued on the Razor & Tie label in 1995.

The album was produced by Roger Bechirian.

I Fell in Love (album)
I Fell in Love is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Carlene Carter, released in 1990. This was the highest-ranking Billboard album of her career, at #19 on the US Country charts. Four singles from the album also charted, with the title song "I Fell in Love," and "Come on Back" both reaching #3 as singles. Two lower-charting hits were the #25 "The Sweetest Thing" and the #33 "One Love."

The track "Me and the Wildwood Rose" is a tribute to Carter's half-sister, Rosie Nix Adams.  "Easy From Now On", a song that Carter cowrote with Susanna Clark in the 1970s, was originally a number 12 hit for Emmylou Harris on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Also, "You Are the One," written by Leon Payne, was a top 5 country hit for Carter's father, Carl Smith, in 1956. The album was produced by Howie Epstein from the Heartbreakers and also featured Benmont Tench, who cowrote the title track.
Grubovia
Grubovia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

It is native to Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, West Siberia, Mongolia, Tibet and parts of China (Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Xinjiang).

It has been introduced into Czechoslovakia.

The genus name of Grubovia is in honour of Valeri Grúbov (1917–2009), a Russian botanist with a focus on central Asia.
It was first described and published in Taxon Vol.60 on page 72 in 2011.

Known species, according to Kew:

Grubovia brevidentata G.L.Chu

Grubovia dasyphylla (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Freitag & G.Kadereit

Grubovia krylowii (Litv.) Freitag & G.Kadereit

Grubovia melanoptera (Bunge) Freitag & G.Kadereit

Grubovia mucronata G.L.Chu

Grubovia sedoides (Pall.) G.L.Chu

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Notarius biffi
Notarius biffi is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Ricardo Betancur-Rodríguez and Arturo Acero Pizarro in 2004. It inhabits marine and brackish waters in El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua, at a depth range of 9 to 30 m (30 to 98 ft). It reaches a maximum standard length of 32.4 cm (12.8 in). The IUCN redlist currently lists the species as Least Concern.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Beast Saga
Beast Saga (ビーストサーガ, Bīsuto Sāga) is a Japanese multi-media franchise by Takara Tomy that includes a dice game, manga series, an anime television series and a video game for the Nintendo 3DS.  It is similar to Takara's earlier Battle Beasts toyline.

Takara
Takara Co., Ltd. (株式会社タカラ, Kabushiki gaisha Takara) was a Japanese toy company founded in 1955. In March 2006, the company merged with Tomy Company, Ltd. to form Takara Tomy. The Takara motto was「遊びは文化」("playing is culture").

The company focused on traditional toys and board games. They created the Licca-chan dolls, which has been referred to as "Japan's Barbie" in Western press. Some of the globally known toys and franchises that Takara invented include Transformers and Beyblade. Takara also held the license to localise and distribute Hasbro products in Japan including The Game of Life, Blythe dolls, Magic: The Gathering, Duel Masters trading card games. Takara was also involved in software, publishing video games based on its toys like Transformers and Choro Q / Penny Racers, porting SNK Neo Geo games to consoles, and the Battle Arena Toshinden series.
Archives of Yuhuan
The Archives of Yuhuan (Chinese: 玉环市档案馆, predecessor of the Bureau of Archives of Yuhuan, formerly known as County Archives of Yuhuan) is a municipal archive located in Yuhuan, city of Taizhou, in Zhejiang Province, China, established in July 1980.

The current building was built in October 1984, with an area of 699 square meters, of which 422 square meters is the area of the library. Until June 2018, the collection of archives had 155 full files, more than 70,000 volumes, and 12,933 books in the collection. The new building of the archive is located on the side of Xuanmenwan Sanqiao, Shugang Avenue, Yuhuan Economic Development Zone; the old building has been closed and is located in Yucheng Subdistrict. The museum has achieved the honor of "Model County for Archives in the Construction of National Socialism's New Rural Areas" for Yuhuan, and it is the seventh in Zhejiang Province and the first in Taizhou City to be designed as, "First Grade Standard Archive in Zhejiang Province".

Yuhuan Economic Development Zone
Zhejiang Yuhuan Economic Development Zone (Chinese: 浙江玉环经济开发区), also known as Yuhuan New Town (玉环新城), formerly known as Zhejiang Damaiyu Economic Development Zone (浙江大麦屿经济开发区), was originally the Damaiyu Taiwan Trade Zone (大麦屿对台贸易区), established in June 1992. It is a provincial-level economic and technological development zone located in Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province, with jurisdiction over Damaiyu Port, Xuanmen Phase II (37 square kilometers), and Xuanmen Phase III (45.3 square kilometers). Within the administrative region of Yuhuan City, the jurisdiction is akin to a township-level unit.
The Yuhuan Economic Development Zone Administrative Committee is a dispatched institution of the Yuhuan Municipal People's Government.
2024–25 Women's FIH Pro League
The 2024–25 Women's FIH Pro League was the sixth edition of the Women's FIH Pro League, a field hockey championship for women's national teams. The tournament began on 30 November 2024 and finished on 29 June 2025.

2026 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup
The 2026 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup will be the 16th edition of the Women's FIH Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for women's national field hockey teams organized by the International Hockey Federation. It will be held from 14 to 30 August 2026 in Wavre, Belgium and Amstelveen, Netherlands.
Taylor Business Institute
Taylor Business Institute Chicago (TBI) is a private, for-profit career college in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1962, the institution offers associate degrees, certificates, and English language instruction. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
Historiography of Juan Manuel de Rosas
The historiography of Juan Manuel de Rosas is highly controversial. Most Argentine historians take an approach either for or against him, a dispute that has influenced much of the entire historiography of Argentina.

Repatriation of Juan Manuel de Rosas's body
Juan Manuel de Rosas was Governor of Buenos Aires Province during the Argentine Civil Wars. Deposed during the battle of Caseros, he spent his later life in exile in Southampton, England, where he died on March 14, 1877. He was buried at the Southampton Old Cemetery, and after a number of failed attempts the body was repatriated to Argentina and taken to La Recoleta Cemetery, where his remains are buried.
Adirondack Thunder
The Adirondack Thunder are a professional ice hockey team in the ECHL that began play in the 2015–16 season. The team is based in Glens Falls, New York, and affiliated with the NHL's New Jersey Devils and AHL's Utica Comets. The Thunder play their home games at the Harding Mazzotti Arena.

The Thunder replaced the AHL's Adirondack Flames after they were relocated to Stockton, California, to become the Stockton Heat.

Manchester Monarchs (ECHL)
The Manchester Monarchs were a professional ice hockey team in the ECHL which began play in the 2015–16 season.  Based in Manchester, New Hampshire, and affiliated with the National Hockey League's Los Angeles Kings, the team played its home games at the SNHU Arena.

The Monarchs replaced the American Hockey League team of the same name, which played from 2001 until 2015, after which they moved to Ontario, California, and became the Ontario Reign.

After four seasons in the ECHL, the Monarchs ceased operations when the organization failed to find new ownership.
Club Guy & Roni
Club Guy & Roni is an international dance company from Groningen in the Netherlands, led by choreographers Roni Haver and Guy Weizman. The company was founded in 2002.

The performances are characterized by collaborations with artists in music, film and theatre and are generally considered to be of modern nature. Club Guy & Roni makes productions that tour through Europe. Since 2009 the company is subsidized by the NFPK.

In 2018 Club Guy & Roni started the interdisciplinary movement called NITE together with Noord Nederlands Toneel + Het Muziek + Den Haag.

Dance troupe
A dance troupe or dance company is a group of dancers and associated personnel who work together to perform dances as a sport, spectacle or entertainment. There are many different types of dance companies, often working in different styles of dance. Some companies are formed from members of dance studios or from paid professionals. Dance company members can range from as young as two years old up to 18 years old. Dance troupes may be formed for competition purposes. Many dance companies are established within cities to be near theatres or other performing art venues. A dance troupe will likely have performance costumes, sets or props, and proper footwear. A dance studio will more than likely be the location where dance classes and or practices will take place.
City of license
In North American (U.S., Canadian, and Mexican) broadcasting, a city of license or community of license is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator.

In North American broadcast law, the concept of community of license dates to the early days of AM radio broadcasting. The requirement that a broadcasting station operate a main studio within a prescribed distance of the community which the station is licensed to serve appears in U.S. law as early as 1939.

Various specific obligations have been applied to broadcasters by governments to fulfill public policy objectives of broadcast localism, both in radio and later also in television, based on the legislative presumption that a broadcaster fills a similar role to that held by community newspaper publishers.

2016 United States wireless spectrum auction
The 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction, officially known as Auction 1001, allocated approximately 100 MHz of the United States Ultra High Frequency (UHF) spectrum formerly allocated to UHF television in the 600 MHz band. The spectrum auction and subsequent reallocations were authorized by Title VI (The Spectrum Act) of the payroll tax cut extension passed by the United States Congress on February 17, 2012.
Ni Kuang
Ni Kuang (Chinese: 倪匡; born Ni Cong [simplified Chinese: 倪聪; traditional Chinese: 倪聰]; 30 May 1935 – 3 July 2022), courtesy name Yiming, was a Hong Kong novelist and screenwriter. He was known as a highly-prolific author of wuxia and science fiction stories, reportedly penning over 300 Chinese-language novels, and more than 400 film scripts. He was considered one of the three major figures of the wuxia genre, alongside Jin Yong and Gu Long, and has been described as "a giant of Chinese literature."

Gu Long
Xiong Yaohua (7 June 1938 – 21 September 1985), better known by his pen name Gu Long, was a Taiwanese novelist, screenwriter, film producer and director. Born in Hong Kong and educated at Cheng Kung Senior High School and Tamkang University in Taiwan, he is best known for writing wuxia novels, among which his best known works are Juedai Shuangjiao, the Xiaoli Feidao Series, the Chu Liuxiang Series, the Lu Xiaofeng Series, and The Eleventh Son. Some of them have been adapted into films and television series. In the 1980s, he started his own film studio to produce film adaptations of his works.
U.S. Route 283 in Kansas
U.S. Route 283 (US-283) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from US-87 in Brady, Texas north to US-30 in Lexington, Nebraska. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-283 is a main north–south highway that runs from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border in the western part of the state. Along the way it intersects other major routes including US-50, US-56 and US-400 in Dodge City, Interstate 70 (I-70) and US-40 in WaKeeney. It also intersects US-36 and K-383 in Norton.

In 1927, the highway that would become US-283 was established as K-21 from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border. In 1933, US-283 was extended north from Oklahoma over K-21 to US-50S and US-154 in Dodge City. By 1936, it had been extended further north to K-96 in Ness City, further along K-21. Between 1938 and 1940, US-283 was extended north to US-36, US-83 and US-183 in Norton. Between 1941 and 1945, US-283 was extended north into Nebraska, resulting in K-21 being completely decommissioned.

U.S. Route 183 in Kansas
U.S. Route 183 (US-183) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from US-77 in Refugio, Texas north to Interstate 90 (I-90) in Presho, South Dakota. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-183 is a main north–south highway that runs from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border.

Between 1930 and 1931, US-183 was extended south into Kansas to US-83 in Dresden. Then between July 1938 and 1939, US-183 was altered to follow US-36 east to K-1 in Phillipsburg, then south along K-1 to US-160. Then continued west along US-160 to K-34 in Sitka, which it followed south from Sitka to the Oklahoma border. Between 1941 and 1944, US-183 and US-83 were swapped within Nebraska and a small portion into Kansas, which straightened their alignment and eliminated the overlap between the two in Norton. The former alignment of US-83 from northeast of Selden to east of Woodruff became US-383, now K-383.
Joke chess problem
A joke chess problem is a puzzle in chess that uses humor as an element. Although most chess problems, like other creative forms, are appreciated for serious artistic themes (such as Grimshaw, Novotny, and Lacny), joke chess problems are enjoyed for some twist. In some cases the composer plays a trick to prevent a solver from succeeding with typical analysis. In other cases, the humor derives from an unusual final position. Unlike in ordinary chess puzzles, joke problems can involve a solution which violates the inner logic or rules of the game.

Novotny (chess)
The Novotny (also often spelled as Nowotny, even in non-German sources) is a device found in chess problems named after a problem from 1854 by Antonín Novotný, though the first example was composed by Henry Turton in 1851. A piece is sacrificed on a square where it could be taken by two different opposing pieces (almost invariably a rook and bishop), but whichever makes the capture, it interferes with the other. It is essentially a Grimshaw brought about by a sacrifice on the critical square.

This pattern can arise as part of a combination in an actual game, but it is extremely rare (see games below). Most chess players would not use the term "Novotny" to describe such a move, since that term is almost exclusively used in the context of chess problems.
Pseudocerastes
Pseudocerastes is a genus of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. It was originally created as a monotypic genus in 1896 by Boulenger for the species Pseudocerastes persicus, but three species are now recognised: the spider-tailed horned viper (P. urarachnoides); Persian horned viper (P. persicus) and Field's horned viper (P.  fieldi). Like all other vipers, the members of this genus are venomous.

Pseudocerastes are often referred to as false-horned vipers because of the horn-like structures above their eyes that are made up of numerous small scales. This is in contrast to the "true" horned viper, Cerastes cerastes, which has similar supraorbital "horns", each consisting of a single elongated scale.

Persian horned viper
The Persian horned viper (Pseudocerastes persicus), known as the Persian horned viper, false horned viper, and by other common names, is a species of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. Like all other vipers, it is venomous.
Euathlus
Euathlus is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875. These spiders are medium sized and are usually found in high elevations in the Andes. It is a senior synonym of Paraphysa, and was formerly considered a senior synonym of Brachypelma, but this was later rejected.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.