hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kocalar, Kızıltepe
Kocalar (Kurdish: Hecî Feris) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is predominantly populated by Kurds of the Xurs tribe and had a population of 460 in 2021.

Arabs constitute one quarter of the village.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Hong Kong men's national softball team
Hong Kong men's national softball team is the national team for Hong Kong. The team competed at the 1992 ISF Men's World Championship in Manila, Philippines where they finished with 1 win and 7 losses. The team competed at the 2004 ISF Men's World Championship in Christchurch, New Zealand where they finished fifteenth.

Men's Softball World Cup
The Men's Softball World Cup, known through 2015 as the ISF Men's World Championship, is a softball tournament for the best national men's teams in the world. From 1966 to 2013 it was held every four years, first by the International Softball Federation (ISF) and from 2019 an onward it is held every two years by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the 16 best teams in the world compete.
Modigliana
Modigliana (Romagnol: Mudgiâna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Forlì. The toponym derives from (Castrum) Mutilum, meaning ‘cut off, broken’, with the adjectival suffix -ānus.

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Lithuanian phonology
Lithuanian has 11 vowels and 45 consonants, including 22 pairs of consonants distinguished by the presence or absence of palatalization. Most vowels come in pairs which are differentiated through length and degree of centralization.

Only one syllable in the word bears the accent, but exactly which syllable is often unpredictable. Accented syllables are marked with either a falling or rising tone. Its location in a word may also be affected during inflection.

Proto-Balto-Slavic language
Proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Slavic sub-branches, and including modern Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian, among others.

Like most other proto-languages, it is not attested by any surviving texts but has been reconstructed using the comparative method. There are several isoglosses that Baltic and Slavic languages share in phonology, morphology and accentology, which represent common innovations from Proto-Indo-European times and can be chronologically arranged.
Medvezhiy Glacier
The Medvezhiy Glacier (Russian: ледник Медвежий; Bear Glacier) is an Alpine glacier in Tajikistan. The glacier is located on the western slope of the Tajik National Academy of Sciences Range at the heart of the Pamir Mountains.

Tajik National Academy of Sciences Range
Tajik National Academy of Sciences Range (Russian: Хребет Национальной академии наук Таджикистана, Tajik: Қаторкӯҳи Академияи миллии илмҳои Тоҷикистон; until 31 July, 2023 Academy of Sciences Range) is a mountain range in the Western Pamirs of Tajikistan. It is stretched in a north-south direction and considered to be the core of the Pamir mountain system.
Hans Röthlisberger
Hans Röthlisberger (1 February 1923 – 10 September 2009) was a Swiss earth scientist and glaciologist best known for his work on glacier hazards and their prevention, glacier geophysics and subglacial hydrology.

International Glaciological Society
The International Glaciological Society (IGS) was founded in 1936 to provide a focus for individuals interested in glaciology, practical and scientific aspects of snow and ice. It was originally known as the "Association for the Study of Snow and Ice". The name was changed to the "British Glaciological Society" in 1945. With more and more non-British glaciologists attending its readings and submitting papers for publication, the name was changed to the "Glaciological Society" in 1962 and finally the Society acquired its present name in 1971. The IGS publishes the Journal of Glaciology, Annals of Glaciology and ICE, the news bulletin of the IGS; the Journal of Glaciology won the ALPSP/Charlesworth Award for the "Best Learned Journal of 2007".
Transmission loss
Transmission loss (TL) in general describes the accumulated decrease in intensity of a waveform energy as a wave propagates outwards from a source, or as it propagates through a certain area or through a certain type of structure.

It is a terminology frequently used in radio communication, twisted pair systems (PTSN, Ethernet, etc), optics and acoustics. Measures of TL are very important in the industry of acoustic devices such as mufflers and sonars.

Sound intensity
Sound intensity, also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area, also called the sound power density and the sound energy flux density. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.

Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

Sound intensity level is a logarithmic expression of sound intensity relative to a reference intensity.
2014 Macedonian government building attack
On the night of 28 October 2014 at around 22:00, the Macedonian government building was attacked with two projectiles, damaging the walls and roof of the building. No casualties were reported. Speculations have occurred that the event was linked to the then recent proclamation of the so-called Republic of Ilirida. The government building was also attacked by RPG rounds in 2007. A movement calling itself the National Liberation Army (NLA), a militant organization that fought against the Macedonian government during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia, claimed responsibly for the attack. In a press release published by Alsat, and signed by Commander Kushtrim, the organization claimed that the Hasan Prishtina elite force hit the government building in a coordinated action. The organization claims it is "discontented" with the 2001 Ohrid Agreement peace plan, and the following year a battle would erupt in the city of Kumanovo between the NLA and Macedonian security forces.

2001 insurgency in Macedonia
An armed conflict began in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001 when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA) insurgent group, formed from veterans of the Kosovo War and insurgency in the Preševo Valley, attacked Macedonian security forces at the end of January 2001, and ended with the Ohrid Agreement, signed on 13 August of that same year. There were also claims that the NLA ultimately wished to see Albanian-majority areas secede from the country, though high-ranking members of the group have denied this. The conflict lasted throughout most of the year, although overall casualties remained limited to several dozen individuals on either side, according to sources from both sides of the conflict. With it, the Yugoslav Wars had reached Macedonia, which had achieved peaceful independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Peter Orner
Peter Orner is an American writer. He is the author of three novels, three short story collections and two books of essays. Orner holds the Professorship of English and Creative Writing at Dartmouth College and was formerly a professor of creative writing at San Francisco State University. He spent 2016 and 2017 on a Fulbright Grant in Namibia teaching at the University of Namibia.

PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay
The PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay is awarded by the PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to an author for a book of original collected essays. The award was founded by PEN Member and author Barbaralee Diamonstein and Carl Spielvogel, former New York Times columnist, "to preserve the dignity and esteem that the essay form imparts to literature." The winner receives a cash award of $10,000.

The award was on hiatus from 2005 to 2010.

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes.
2014–15 Stetson Hatters men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Stetson Hatters men's basketball team represented Stetson University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hatters, led by second year head coach Corey Williams, played their home games at the Edmunds Center and were members of the Atlantic Sun Conference. They finished the season 9–22, 3–11 in A-Sun play to finish in last place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the A-Sun tournament to North Florida.

2015 Atlantic Sun men's basketball tournament
The 2015 Atlantic Sun men's basketball tournament was the 37th edition of the Atlantic Sun Conference Championship. It took place from March 3 through March 8, 2015 on campus sites with the higher-seeded school hosting each game throughout the championship. The North Florida Ospreys won their first Atlantic Sun Tournament championship, earning an automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA tournament.
2011 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2011 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

De La Salle were the defending champions.

On 16 October 2011, Ballygunner won the championship after a 1–19 to 0–06 defeat of Tallow in the final. This was their 12th championship title overall and their first title since 2009.

2009 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 2009 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship commenced on 25 April and concluded on 17 October 2009. De La Salle were the defending champions, having beaten Abbeyside in the 2008 final. Ballygunner defeated Lismore in the 2009 final following a replay.  Due to complications with the former structure of the championship in 2008, it had been decided that the 12 teams would be structured into two groups of six.  The top four teams from each group advanced to the quarter-final stage, from which the semi-finals and the final were played. The final and replay were played in Walsh Park in October 2009. The teams which finished last in each group played in a relegation playoff match. The losing team, Rinn Ó gCuanach, have been demoted to Intermediate for 2010.
2010 Nevada Attorney General election
The 2010 Nevada Attorney General election was held on November 2, 2010, to elect the Nevada Attorney General, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 8, 2010.

Despite a national red wave, incumbent Democratic attorney general Catherine Cortez Masto won re-election to a second term in office by a wide margin.

2010 Nevada gubernatorial election
The 2010 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, to elect the governor of Nevada, who would serve a four-year term to begin on January 3, 2011. Despite speculation that incumbent Republican governor Jim Gibbons would not run for a second term due to low approval ratings, he ran for re-election. He struggled in the polls, and ultimately federal judge and former attorney general of Nevada Brian Sandoval secured the nomination.  Sandoval defeated Democrat Rory Reid, son of then-current U.S. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, who won his fifth term in the Senate on the same ballot.
Ryōichi Tanaka
Ryōichi Tanaka (田中 亮一, Tanaka Ryōichi, born January 26, 1947) is a Japanese actor and narrator. His late younger brother Kazumi Tanaka (田中 和実, August 11, 1951 - December 20, 2007) was also a voice actor. Tanaka is currently affiliated with Aoni Production.

He is most known for the roles of Akira Fudo (Devilman), Nobita Nobi's teacher Sensei (Doraemon), and Cancer Deathmask (Saint Seiya).

Doraemon: Nobita Drifts in the Universe
Doraemon: Nobita Drifts in the Universe (ドラえもん のび太の宇宙漂流記, Doraemon: Nobita no Uchū Hyōryūki) is the 1999 Japanese animated epic space opera film. It is the second Doraemon film released after Fujiko F. Fujio's death. This is the third movie to be supervised  by Fujiko Pro. This movie commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Doraemon film series during its end credits showcasing a piece of artwork of it and all films released prior. It was released on March 6, 1999, together with Doraemon: Nobita's the Night Before a Wedding and Funny Candy of Okashinana!?. It is the 20th Doraemon film.
Qumash bint Abdulaziz Al Saud
Qumash bint Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: قماش بنت عبدالعزيز آل سعود; 1927 – 26 September 2011) was a member of the Saudi royal family. She was one of the children of King Abdulaziz and Shahida, a Lebanese woman. Her mother was of Christian origin and died in 1938. Qumash was the full sister of Prince Mansour, Prince Mishaal and Prince Mutaib.

Qumash bint Abdulaziz married Prince Faisal, a son of her father's full brother Saad bin Abdul Rahman. She died on 26 September 2011. Funeral prayers for her were performed at Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque in Riyadh after Asr prayer.

Sa'ad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud
Sa'ad bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (Arabic: سعد بن عبد الرحمن آل سعود;1890–1915) was the brother of Abdulaziz, Emir of Nejd (who later founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). He was one of Abdulaziz's most devoted supporters and a key lieutenant in his early military campaigns.
Charlie Curnow
Charles Curnow (born 3 February 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays as a key forward for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played 149 games for Carlton between 2016 and 2025.

Widely praised for his dominance and athleticism, Curnow is a two-time winner of the Coleman Medal, awarded to the leading goalkicker in the home-and-away season. He has been named in the All-Australian team twice, and was Carlton's leading goalkicker five times.

Curnow was drafted by Carlton with the 12th pick in the 2015 national draft. After suffering multiple serious knee injuries that kept him sidelined for extended periods between 2019 and 2021, he made a successful comeback in 2022, re-establishing himself as one of the league's elite forwards before being traded to the Sydney Swans at the end of the 2025 season. His older brother, Ed Curnow, also played for Carlton.

22 Under 22 team
The 22 Under 22 team (stylised as 22under22) is an honorary representative Australian rules football team created by the AFL Players' Association that seeks to recognise the best young talent in the Australian Football League (AFL) and AFL Women's (AFLW) competitions each year.  To be eligible for selection, players must be aged 22 or under for the entire season (including finals). An initial squad of 40 is selected by the AFL Players' Board, before fans select a final team of 22 by voting via social media.
Bajo Barreal Formation
The Bajo Barreal Formation is a geological formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin of Chubut and Santa Cruz, Argentina whose strata date back to the Middle Cenomanian to Late Turonian. The formation was first described by Teruggi & Rossetto in 1963. The sandstones, claystones, mudstones, conglomerates and tuff were deposited in a fluvial environment. The upper part of formation is laterally equivalent to the Yacimiento El Trébol and Meseta Espinosa Formation and the lower part to the Laguna Palacios, Cañadón Seco and Comodoro Rivadavia Formations. The Bajo Barreal Formation is a reservoir rock in the Golfo San Jorge Basin.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Governo
Governo is a winemaking technique reportedly invented in Tuscany in the 14th century to help complete fermentation and stabilize the wine. The technique involves saving a batch of harvested grapes and allowing them to partially dry. If fermentation of the main batch starts to slow or appears to be nearing stuck fermentation, the half dried grapes are added to the must which then gives the yeast cells a new source of sugar to enliven the batch. From there, the must can be fermented dry or stopped with the wine having a higher level of residual sugar. The process was widely used in the Chianti zones until the advent of temperature controlled fermentation tanks. From Tuscany the technique spread to Marche and Umbria where it is sometimes used today. In the Marche the technique is most often used on wines made from the Verdicchio grape to counteract the grape's natural bitterness and to add some sweetness and frizzante qualities.

Clarification and stabilization of wine
In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling. This matter may include dead yeast cells (lees), bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and other phenolic compounds, as well as pieces of grape skin, pulp, stems and gums. Clarification and stabilization may involve fining, filtration, centrifugation, flotation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and/or barrel maturation and racking.
Attorney-General for NSW v Brewery Employees Union of NSW
Attorney-General (NSW) v Brewery Employees Union of NSW, commonly known as the Union Label case, was a landmark decision by the High Court of Australia on 8 August 1908. The case was significant in relation to the endorsement by the majority of the court of the reserved powers doctrine and as the first case to consider the scope of the power of the Commonwealth regarding trade marks. It also addressed who could challenge a law as unconstitutional. There was a strong division in the Court between the original members, Griffith CJ, Barton and O'Connor JJ and the two newly appointed justices, Isaacs and Higgins JJ.

Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia
Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia enumerates the legislative powers granted to the Parliament of Australia by the Australian States at Federation. Each subsection, or 'head of power', provides a topic under which the parliament is empowered to make laws. There are other sections in the constitution that enable the parliament to enact laws, although the scope of those other sections are generally limited in comparison with section 51.
Lý Khuê
Lý Khuê (chữ Hán: 李奎, died 968) was a warlord of Vietnam during the Period of the 12 Warlords.

He occupied Siêu Loại (modern Thuận Thành District, Bắc Ninh Province), and titled himself Lý Lãng Công (李郎公).

In 968, he was defeated by Lưu Cơ, a general of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh.

Warlord
Warlords are individuals who exercise military, economic, and political control over a region, often one without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over local armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The term is often applied in the context of China around the end of the Qing dynasty, especially during the Warlord Era. The term may also be used for a supreme military leader.
Thomas Berger Johnson
Thomas Berger Johnson (1890 – January 1968) was a Nebraska artist, Post-Impressionist painter, metal sculptor, and draftsman. He was known to use bold impasto, juxtaposing colors to create movement and an almost shimmering effect, in paintings that represent Nebraska locations. Most of his work, donated by his widow, is in housed at the Nebraska History Museum in Lincoln, Nebraska. The Nebraska State Historical Society found the work important because his paintings represented places in Nebraska accurately, including some that no longer existed.

Lindsborg, Kansas
Lindsborg is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,776. Lindsborg is known for its large Swedish, other Nordic and Scandinavian heritages. It is home to the biennial Svensk Hyllningsfest.