hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Moral Education Congress
The International Moral Education Congress was an international academic conference held in Europe six times between 1908 and 1934. It convened because of an interest in moral education by many countries beginning a decade before the inaugural event. The movement for moral education had an ardent champion in the Ethical movement. The idea to hold the congress was at the behest of the International Union of Ethical Societies; its greatest proponents were Professor Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster and Gustav Spiller, the secretary of the Union. The first congress was held in 1908,  and except for one 10-year beak (1912–1922), the congress met every four years in various cities. The official languages were German, English, and French.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Control variates
The control variates method is a variance reduction technique used in Monte Carlo methods. It exploits information about the errors in estimates of known quantities to reduce the error of an estimate of an unknown quantity.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Deaths in May 2020
The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Utah House of Representatives
The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district contains an average population of 44,000 people. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The House convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.
2009 Australia national rugby union team tour
The 2009 Australia national rugby union tour was a series of seven matches played by the Australia national rugby union team in November 2009.

The "Wallabies" didn't obtain their goal (the Grand Slam), drawing the match with Ireland, and losing, surprisingly, to Scotland. The tour was preceded by a match against All Blacks for the Bledisloe Cup.

Bledisloe Cup
The Bledisloe Cup is an annual rugby union competition between the national teams of Australia's Wallabies and New Zealand's All Blacks that has been contested since the 1930s. The frequency that the competition is held has varied, as has the number of matches played in each tournament, but it currently consists of an annual two-match series, with the matches counting towards The Rugby Championship. New Zealand has had the most success, winning the trophy in 2025 for the 53rd time and 22nd in succession (excluding the disputed inaugural competition in 1931), while Australia has won the trophy 12 times.
History of the Pitcairn Islands
The history of the Pitcairn Islands begins with the colonization of the islands by Polynesians in the 11th century. Polynesian people established a culture that flourished for four centuries and then vanished. They lived on Pitcairn and Henderson Islands, and on Mangareva Island 540 kilometres (340 mi) to the northwest, for about 400 years.

In 1790, nine of the mutineers from HMS Bounty, led by Fletcher Christian, abducted 18 native Tahitians and settled on Pitcairn Island, afterwards setting fire to the Bounty. Christian's group continued under the auspices of Ned Young and John Adams until contacted by Mayhew Folger in 1808, by which time Adams was the only surviving mutineer.

HMS Bounty
HMS Bounty, also known as HMAV (His Majesty's Armed Vessel) Bounty, was a British merchant ship that the Royal Navy purchased in 1787 for a botanical mission. The ship was sent to the South Pacific Ocean under the command of William Bligh to acquire breadfruit plants and transport them to the British West Indies. That mission was never completed owing to a 1789 mutiny led by acting lieutenant Fletcher Christian, an incident now popularly known as the Mutiny on the Bounty. The mutineers later burned Bounty while she was moored at Pitcairn Island in the Southern Pacific Ocean in 1790. An American adventurer helped land several remains of Bounty in 1957.
Iprazochrome
Iprazochrome is an antimigraine agent used for prophylaxis of the attacks. It is also indicated for diabetic retinopathy (both treatment and prevention in people with type-2 diabetes).

Chemically, it is a derivative of adrenochrome, which is a product of adrenaline oxidation. And it is a derivative of carbazochrome as well.

Adrenochrome
Adrenochrome is a chemical compound produced by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine). It was the subject of limited research from the 1950s through to the 1970s as a potential cause of schizophrenia. While adrenochrome has no currently proven medical application, the semicarbazide derivative, carbazochrome, is a hemostatic medication. Adrenochrome is mass produced and commercially available to the public, and is not a controlled substance.

Despite the compound's name, it is unrelated to the element chromium; instead, the "chrome" suffix indicates a relationship to color, as pure adrenochrome has a deep violet color.
Mount Dzhalil'
Mount Dzhalil' (72°1′S 14°36′E﻿ / ﻿72.017°S 14.600°E﻿ / -72.017; 14.600) is a small mountain, 2,510 metres (8,230 ft) high, in the Linnormen Hills of the Payer Mountains, in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. It was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named after Musa Dzhalil', the Soviet poet.

Payer Mountains
The Payer Mountains (German: Payergruppe) is a group of scattered mountains extending north-south for about 37 km (23 mi), standing 15 km (9 mi) east of the Weyprecht Mountains and forming the eastern half of the Hoel Mountains in central Queen Maud Land.

They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Julius Payer, Austrian polar explorer, who in company with Karl Weyprecht discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873.
Özgürlük Meydanı (Istanbul Metro)
Özgürlük Meydanı is an underground station on the M3 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under İncirli Street at Bakırköy Liberty Square in the Kartaltepe neighbourhood of Bakırköy. It was opened on 10 March 2024, with the opening of the M3 extension from Kirazlı to Bakırköy Sahil.

Bakırköy
Bakırköy is a municipality and district in the European part of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 29 km2, and its population is 226,685 (2022). Bakırköy lies between the D.100 highway (locally known as E-5) and the coast of the Sea of Marmara. Bakırköy houses a large psychiatric hospital, and is an important shopping and commercial center.
Penstemon hirsutus
Penstemon hirsutus is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name hairy beard-tongue. It is native to southern Quebec and Ontario, as well as the eastern United States including Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

This perennial species has hairy stems up to 90 centimetres tall, hence its species name, hirsutus. The leaves are opposite, stalkless, and lancelate.

This species of Penstemon is found in dry alvars, prairies, savannas, and old fields.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Mario Kelentrić
Mario Kelentrić (born 30 January 1973) is a retired Croatian handball player who is currently the goalkeeping coach of the Bosnian national team and RK Vardar 1961.

He has played for clubs in Croatia, Slovenia, Germany and France.

He is noted as being one of the best goalkeepers of Croatia and he was also part of the golden generation witch won the 2003 World Championship in Portugal.

RK Zagreb
Rukometni klub Zagreb (English: Zagreb Handball Club pronounced [zǎːɡrɛb]), a men's professional handball club based in Zagreb, Croatia, competes in the
Croatian Premier League and in the EHF Champions League.

RK Zagreb has won 38 national championships and the national cup 32 times. In the European Champions League the club has won twice and played another four times in the finals; it ranks among top eight most-successful handball clubs in the League's history.
Bap, Rajasthan
Bap (Baap) also known as Bhap is a Municipalitiy, located in the Phalodi District of Rajasthan state in Western India. It is nearby Phalodi city. It is a Panchayat Samiti as well as being the Tehsil headquarters for Bap Tehsil. It is a rapidly developing City.

Phalodi
Phalodi is a city in Phalodi district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the headquarters for Phalodi district. Phalodi is also called the "salt city" due to the salt industry in Rin. Phalodi is in the buffer zone of Thar Desert and often subject to extreme temperature conditions due to its arid climate. The highest temperature in the history of Phalodi is 51°C, which is the highest ever verified temperature in the country.
AG Securities v Vaughan
AG Securities v Vaughan and Antoniades v Villiers [1988] UKHL 8 were two House of Lords cases decided in the same ruling, which together clarified and confirmed as pivotal the role of exclusive possession in identifying what constitutes a lease (including a tenancy) for the purposes of English land law.

Rent Act 1977
The Rent Act 1977 (c. 42) was an act of Parliament passed in the United Kingdom. The act introduced the protected tenancy in England and Wales.

The organization setting the rent, the Valuation Office Agency, was known as the "Rent Office".
Kowloon Central (1991 constituency)
Kowloon Central was a geographical constituencies in the election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, which elects two members of the Legislative Council using the dual-seat constituency dual vote system. The constituency covers Kowloon City District and Wong Tai Sin District in Kowloon.

A by-election was held on 5 March 1995 after Lau Chin-shek resigned from his office to protest against government's withdrawal of Employment Bill.

The constituency was divided and replaced by the Kowloon Central, Kowloon North-east, and Kowloon South constituencies in 1995.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Marion Catholic High School
Marion Catholic High School (sometimes referred to as Marion Catholic Junior/Senior Preparatory High School) was a private, Catholic high school in Marion, Ohio, United States that was established in 1879 by three sisters from the Sisters of Charity. It was part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus.

In March 2013, it was announced by Bishop Frederick F. Campbell that Marion Catholic would close following the 2012–13 school year due to declining enrollment and financial concerns.

The first class graduated in 1882 and the current building was opened in 1957.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. The Marion Catholic Fighting Irish participated in the Northwest Central Conference.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Ohio
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Ohio.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, Ohio, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 19 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
Changshan
Changshan (Chinese: 長衫; pinyin: chángshān; lit. 'long shirt'; [ʈʂʰǎŋʂán] ⓘ), also known as changpao (Chinese: 長袍; pinyin: chángpáo; lit. 'Long robe'), and dagua (Chinese: 大褂; pinyin: Dàguà; lit. 'Great jacket'), is a form of paofu, Chinese robe, which was derived from the Qing dynasty qizhuang, the traditional dress of the Manchu people, which were worn by Manchu men.: 129  The changshan was actually developed by the Han Chinese through the modification of their own Ming dynasty's Hanfu by adopting some Manchu men's clothing elements in one of their Hanfu changshan.: 129  In function, the changshan is considered the male equivalent of the women's cheongsam (also known as qipao). The changshan was often worn by men with a magua, also commonly translated as riding jacket in English.

Garment collars in hanfu
Garment collars in hanfu are diverse and come in several shapes, including jiaoling (cross-collars, overlapping collars at the front which closed on the right or left sides), duijin, yuanling, liling, fangling, tanling. Some forms of collars were indigenous to China while others had been adopted from the Hufu of other non-Han Chinese ethnic minorities and/or from the clothing worn by foreigners.
George Floyd protests in Chicago
The George Floyd riots in Chicago were a series of civil disturbances in 2020 in the city of Chicago, Illinois. Unrest in the city began as a response to the murder of George Floyd in police custody in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020. The demonstrations and riots, supporting justice for Floyd and protesting police brutality, occurred simultaneously with those of over 100 other cities in the United States. Chicago is among 12 major cities that declared curfews in order to prevent looting and vandalism. On May 31, Mayor Lori Lightfoot asked Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker to send the Illinois National Guard to Chicago for the first time in the 52 years since the 1968 riots in Chicago. The economic damage caused by the disturbances exceeded $66 million.

Chicago Police Department
The Chicago Police Department (CPD) is the primary law enforcement agency of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, under the jurisdiction of the Chicago City Council. It is the second-largest municipal police department in the United States, behind the New York City Police Department. As of 2025 CPD had 11,554 sworn officers on duty, and has 124 units. Tracing its roots to 1835, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police departments in the world.
Jeho-tang
Jeho-tang (Korean: 제호탕) is a traditional Korean cold drink made with honey and several ingredients used in traditional Korean medicine. The ingredients include omae (오매; 烏梅, "smoked unripe plums"), sain (사인; 沙仁, "medicinal cardamom"), baekdanhyang (백단향; 白檀香, "white sandalwood"), and chogwa (초과; 草果, "black cardamom"). The powdered ingredients are mixed together with honey and water and then boiled. After the liquid is chilled, it is diluted in cold water. It was considered the best summer drink in Korean royal court cuisine.

Korean royal court cuisine
Korean royal court cuisine was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. There has been a revival of this cookery style in the 21st century. It is said that twelve dishes should be served along with rice and soup, with most dishes served in bangjja (bronzeware).
Posterior cranial fossa
The posterior cranial fossa is the part of the cranial cavity located between the foramen magnum, and tentorium cerebelli. It is formed by the  sphenoid bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone. It lodges the cerebellum, and parts of the brainstem.

Cranial cavity
The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull that accommodates the brain. The skull is also known as the cranium. The cranial cavity is formed by eight cranial bones known as the neurocranium that in humans includes the skull cap and forms the protective case around the brain. The remainder of the skull is the facial skeleton. The meninges are three protective membranes that surround the brain to minimize damage to the brain in the case of head trauma. Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges caused by bacterial or viral infections.
2019 World RX of Canada
The 2019 World RX of Canada was the seventh round and final race before the summer break of the sixth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit Trois-Rivières in Trois-Rivières, Quebec.

2019 FIA World Rallycross Championship
The 2019 FIA World Rallycross Championship presented by Monster Energy was the sixth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship, an auto racing championship recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

Timmy Hansen won the Drivers' Championship on countback after finishing with the same number of points as Andreas Bakkerud, winning based on his four event wins to Bakkerud's one. Team Hansen MJP won the Teams' Championship.
Carlos Aguilera (Spanish footballer)
Carlos Aguilera Martín (born 22 May 1969) is a Spanish retired professional footballer.

Having started his career as a right winger, he finished it at his first club Atlético Madrid as a right-back. In a career that spanned almost two decades, he appeared in 375 La Liga games and scored 21 goals.

Aguilera represented Spain at the 1998 World Cup.

1991–92 Copa del Rey
The 1991–92 Copa del Rey was the 90th staging of the Spanish Cup.

The competition started on 21 August 1991 and concluded on 27 June 1992 with the Final, held at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, in which Atlético Madrid lifted the trophy with a 2–0 victory over Real Madrid.
Harvey Norman
Harvey Norman is an Australian multinational retailer of furniture, bedding, computers, communications and consumer electrical products. It mainly operates as a franchise, with the main brand and all company-operated stores owned by ASX-listed Harvey Norman Holdings Limited.

As of 2025, there are 316 company-owned and franchised stores across Oceania, Europe and South-East Asia. Operating under the Harvey Norman, Domayne and Joyce Mayne brands in Australia, and as Harvey Norman overseas.

Springvale, Victoria
Springvale (Boonwurrung: Monite)  is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Greater Dandenong local government area. Springvale recorded a population of 22,174 at the 2021 census.

Springvale is a large suburb occupying 11.2 km2 (4.3 sq mi), bounded by Westall Road to the west, Princes Highway and Police Road to the north, the Springvale Crematorium and Corrigan Road to the northeast, Heatherton Road to the south and Lawn Road to the southeast. Springvale is linked to the Melbourne CBD by Monash Freeway via the Ferntree Gully Road exit to the suburb's northwest.
Chausath Yogini Temple, Bhedaghat
The Chausath Yogini Temple, Bhedaghat, also called the Golaki Math ("circular lodge"), is one of India's yogini temples, but exceptionally it has shrines for 81 rather than the usual 64 yoginis. All the same, scholars include it among the 64-yogini temples (चौंसठ chausath meaning 64 in Hindi). The group of 81 (ekashi in Hindi) is a mark of royalty, implying that the temple was founded by a king. The large temple is on a hilltop above the river Narmada in Bhedaghat (Hindi भेड़ाघाट, also transliterated Bheraghat), some 5 km from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Bhedaghat
Bhedaghat  is a town and a nagar panchayat in Jabalpur district  in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is situated by the side of river Narmada and is approximately 20 km from Jabalpur city. Bhedaghat is known for the high marble rocks making a valley through which river Narmada flows. The site is also home to Dhuandhar Falls, named for its smoky appearance as the water crashes down, creating a mist that looks like rising steam.

The Marble Rocks at Bhedaghat form one of only three river-carved gorges in the world cut entirely through pure marble ranking alongside Taroko Gorge in Taiwan and Trigrad Gorge in Bulgaria. Stretching approximately 8 km along the Narmada River, the gorge’s high marble cliffs were slowly shaped over millions of years by the flowing river.
Rangpur Metropolitan Police
The Rangpur Metropolitan Police (Bengali: রংপুর মেট্রোপলিটন পুলিশ, romanized: Raṅpur mēṭrōpaliṭana puliśa; abbreviated as RPMP) is the primary metropolitan unit of the Bangladesh Police, responsible for law enforcement, public safety, and crime prevention within the metropolis of Rangpur, a major city in northern Bangladesh. Established in 2018 under the Rangpur Metropolitan Police Ordinance, RMP oversees policing operations, administration, and coordination with other law enforcement and emergency agencies in the city. The force is headed by a Police Commissioner who manages all operational and administrative functions.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.