hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scouting in displaced persons camps
Scouting has been active in displaced persons camps (DP camps) and in the lives of refugees since World War I. During and after World War II, until the early 1950s, Scouting and Guiding flourished in these camps. These Scout and Girl Guide groups often provided postal delivery and other basic services in displaced persons camps. This working system was duplicated dozens of times around the world. In the present, Scouting and Guiding once again provide services and relief in camps throughout war-torn Africa.

9th World Scout Jamboree
The 9th World Scout Jamboree, also known as the Jubilee Jamboree, was held at Sutton Park, Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, England, for twelve days during August 1957. The Jamboree marked dual milestones as it was both the 50th anniversary of the Scouting movement since its inception at Brownsea Island and the 100th anniversary of the birth of Scouting's founder Robert Baden-Powell.

Held concurrently with the World Jamboree was the 2nd World Scout Indaba and the 6th World Rover Moot, as well as the third Girl Guide World Camp.
Slonnie Sloniger
Eyer L. "Slonnie" Sloniger (1896–1969) was the first chief pilot and holder of pilot seniority #1 at American Airlines. He later became chief pilot and director of flight operations at Matson Airlines.

110th Bomb Squadron
The 110th Bomb Squadron (110 BS) is a unit of the Missouri Air National Guard 131st Bomb Wing located at Whiteman Air Force Base, Knob Noster, Missouri. The 110th is equipped with the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit.

The 110 BS is the oldest unit in the Missouri Air National Guard, with over 90 years of service to the state and nation. It is a descendant organization of the World War I 110th Aero Squadron, established on 14 August 1917. It was reformed on 23 June 1923, as the 110th Observation Squadron, and is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.

The 131st Bomb Wing, of which the 110th Bomb Squadron is a part, is the only Air National Guard Bomb Wing certified to conduct nuclear operations.
Madhuranjani
Madhuranjani (मधुरंजनी) or Madhu Ranjani, is a Hindustani classical raga from the Kafi Thaat. It is an Audav-Audav raag, (means pentatonic in ascending and descending scale). Madhuranjani is equivalent to raag Shrotasvini or Udayaravichandrika of Carnatic music. Raag Madhuranjani is formed when shudh Ni is taken instead of komal ni and omitting Ri in Raag Dhani. Some musicians also use rag Madhuvanthi in ascending and rag Shivranjini in descending for this raag. It is also similar to Patdeep if Dha and Ri is omitted. It is said to have been adopted from Carnatic raga Srotaswini. There is another combination of swaras to sing this raga where Ni komal of Kafi is also added.

Kafi (raga)
Kafi (IAST: Kāfi) is a raga in Hindustani classical music. It corresponds to Kharaharapriya in Carnatic music and Dorian mode in Western music

Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande classified most ragas into ten Thaats. Kafi Thaat is one of them. The raga Kafi is the principal raga of its Thaat. According to Bhatkhande, its name first appears in the Raga Tarangini of Lochana Pandit, who lived in the Mithila district around the 15th century CE.

Kafi has a direct lineage with the folk music of India. Folk music in Tappa, Hori, Dadra, Kirtan and Bhajans from different parts of India have been composed in this raga.

Many variations of Kafi exist. Contamination with vivadi swaras is common. This mixing has given rise to Mishra Kafi. Hence, a pure form of Kafi is seldom heard.
Diatessaron
The Diatessaron (Syriac: ܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ ܕܡܚܠܛܐ, romanized: Ewangeliyôn Damhalltê; c. 160–175 AD) is the most prominent early gospel harmony. It was created in the Syriac language by Tatian, an Assyrian early Christian apologist and ascetic. Tatian sought to combine all the textual material he found in the four gospels – Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – into a single coherent narrative of Jesus's life and death. However, and in contradistinction to most later gospel harmonists, Tatian appears not to have been motivated by any aspiration to validate the four separate canonical gospel accounts; or to demonstrate that, as they stood, they could each be shown as being without inconsistency or error.

Although widely used by early Syriac Christians, the original text has not survived. It was reconstructed in 1881 by Theodor Zahn from translations and commentaries.

Pavlos D. Vasileiadis
Pavlos D. Vasileiadis (Greek: Παύλος Δ. Βασιλειάδης; born 1974 in Thessaloniki) is a Greek biblical scholar. His research is focused on biblical theology and biblical translation, with emphasis on the textual criticism of the New Testament and the research of the diachronic reception of the Tetragrammaton in Greek literature. He has been a contributor to the Μεγάλη Ορθόδοξη Χριστιανική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια (MOXE) [Great Orthodox Christian Encyclopedia]. For over two decades he has been an educational professional in the field of information technology.
Phowintaung
Phowintaung (Burmese: ဖိုလ်ဝင်တောင် [pʰo wɪ tàʊɰ̃], also spelt as Hpowindaung, Powintaung, Po Win Taung) is a Buddhist cave complex located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Monywa and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Yinmabin, in Yinmabin Township, Monywa District, Sagaing Region, Northern Burma (Myanmar). It is located on the western bank of the Chindwin River. The name of the complex means Mountain of Isolated Solitary Meditation.

The complex contains 947 small and large richly decorated caves. It is carved into a sandstone outcrop and contains numerous carved Buddha statues and mural paintings of geometric patterns and Jataka stories. The statues and paintings have been dated to between the 14th and 18th centuries.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
Treaty of Verdun
The Treaty of Verdun (French: Traité de Verdun; German: Vertrag von Verdun), agreed to on 10 August 843, ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year. It was the first in a series of partitions contributing to the dissolution of the empire created by Charlemagne and has been seen as foreshadowing the formation of many of the modern countries of western Europe.

The treaty was the first of the four partition treaties of the Carolingian Empire, followed by the Treaties of Prüm (855), Meerssen (870), and Ribemont (880).

Pepin II of Aquitaine
Pepin II, called the Younger (823 – after 864 in Senlis), was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie. He was a grandson of the Emperor Louis the Pious.
Cumberland, Ontario
Cumberland is a former municipality and now geographic township in eastern Ontario, Canada. It was an incorporated township from 1800 to 1999, when it was incorporated as the City of Cumberland, then ceased to be a separate municipality in 2001, when it was amalgamated into the city of Ottawa. It now exists only as a geographic township.

Vars, Ontario
Vars is a compact rural community in Osgoode Ward in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. According to the Canada 2021 Census, the population of Vars was 1,579, using the boundaries defined in the Vars neighbourhood planning study area.
Charles Foxcroft
Captain Charles Talbot Foxcroft (25 November 1868 – 11 February 1929)  was a British Conservative Party politician.  He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Bath from 1918 to 1923, and from 1924 until his death.

Bath (UK Parliament constituency)
Bath is a constituency in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, represented since 2017 by Wera Hobhouse of the Liberal Democrats. Its previous representatives have included William Pitt the Elder (Prime Minister 1766–1768) and Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997).

In the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, at the 2024 general election the seat was subject to moderate boundary changes which involved the gain of the Bathavon North ward from the former North East Somerset constituency.
Autopista AP-8
The Autopista AP-8 is a toll autopista in the north of Spain, crossing the Basque Country from east to west. It is known as the Autopista del Cantábrico (Spanish for 'Motorway of the Cantabrian', Basque: Kantauriko autobidea) and connects the French border with Bilbao via San Sebastián, Zarautz, Eibar and Durango. At Bilbao the AP-8 continues as the toll-free Autovía A-8, which runs along the Spanish northern coast to Gijón and eventually the region of Galicia.

The first section of the AP-8 opened in 1971 between Amorebieta and Basauri. It was finished in 1976, with the opening of the international connection to the A63 autoroute in France. Additionally, the new southern ring road of Bilbao, designated as AP-8 and commonly known as the Supersur, opened in 2011.

Highways in Spain
The Spanish motorway (highway) network is the third largest in the world, by length. As of 2025, there are 17,228 km (10,705 mi) of High Capacity Roads (Spanish: Vías de Gran Capacidad) in the country. There are two main types of such roads, autopistas and autovías, which differed in the strictness of the standards they are held to.
Miss Grand Malaysia 2018
Miss Grand Malaysia 2018 was the third edition of the Miss Grand Malaysia pageant, held on May 12, 2018, in the Grand Pacific Ballroom, Evolve Concept Mall, Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Twenty-four candidates, who qualified for the national stage through the state pageant or national audition, competed for the title.

At the end of the event, a 22-year-old logistic assistant from Labuan, Debra Jeanne Poh, was announced the winner. Debra later represented Malaysia in the international parent stage, Miss Grand International 2018, held in October of that year in Myanmar, but she was unplaced. Meanwhile, the pageant's first and second runners-up, Kate Cantwell and  Scarlett Megan Liew, were assigned to compete internationally at Miss Intercontinental 2018 and Miss Globe 2018, respectively.

Miss Grand International 2018
Miss Grand International 2018 was the sixth Miss Grand International pageant, held at the One Entertainment Park in Yangon, Myanmar, on October 25, 2018.

María José Lora of Peru crowned Clara Sosa of Paraguay as her successor at the end of the event.
Adams axle
The  Adams axle is a form of radial axle for rail locomotives that enable them to negotiate curves more easily. It was invented by William Bridges Adams and patented in 1865. The invention uses  axle boxes that slide on an arc in shaped horn blocks, so allowing the axle to slide out to either side. This is similar to the movement of a Bissell truck, but with the notional centre point of the curve being where the  pivot of the truck would be. This design, using slide bearings, is more expensive than one employing a shaft, but takes up less space.

Bissel truck
A Bissell or Bissel truck (also Bissel bogie or pony truck) is a single-axle bogie which pivots towards the centre of a steam locomotive to enable it to negotiate curves more easily.  Invented in 1857 by Levi Bissell and usually then known as a pony truck, it is a very simple and common means of designing a carrying wheel.
Vítor Pereira (footballer, born 1968)
Vítor Manuel de Oliveira Lopes Pereira (born 26 July 1968) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the head coach of Premier League club Nottingham Forest.

Following an amateur playing career, he became manager of Porto, where he won the Primeira Liga in both of his seasons. After leaving in 2013 he worked in several countries, winning a Greek league and cup double with Olympiacos in 2015 and the Chinese Super League with Shanghai SIPG in 2018.

2011 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 2011 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 33rd edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, the annual Portuguese football season-opening match contested by the winners of the previous season's top league and cup competitions (or cup runner-up in case the league- and cup-winning club is the same). The 2011 edition opposed Porto, the 2010–11 Primeira Liga and 2010–11 Taça de Portugal title holders, and Vitória de Guimarães, the 2010–11 Taça de Portugal runners-up.

Porto defeated Vitória de Guimarães 2–1, with two goals from Portuguese centre back Rolando, and collected their third consecutive Super Cup, raising the club's tally to 18 trophies in this competition (54.5% of wins).
Xanthoteras
Xanthoteras is a genus of gall-inducing cynipid wasp that was first organized by William Harris Ashmead. Species include the ball-tipped gall wasp, which was previously included in the genus Trigonapsis.

Xanthoteras teres
Xanthoteras teres (formerly Trigonapsis teres), the ball-tipped gall wasp, is a species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in Oregon and California in North America. The wasp oviposits on the leaves of Oregon oaks and leather oaks, resulting in a somewhat Suessian gall that has an upright stalk topped by a fuzzy ball. The species was first described by Lewis Hart Weld in 1926.
Duće
Croatia portal

Duće is a Croatian village situated close to Omiš in the Dugi Rat municipality, Split-Dalmatia County. It is a series of small settlements in Poljica, the area between the foot of the Mosor mountains and the Adriatic Sea.

The village was founded prior to the 12th century. The church of St. Marko is mentioned in 12th-century documents while the church of St. Marija is older still. Duće previously formed a part of the Republic of Poljica ruled by the Grand Duke according to the decrees of the Poljica Statute. Duće is a settlement that consists of two parts: the modern touristic one, located by the Adriatic Sea and the ancient, rural one, located in the foot of the Mosor mountains. The place comprises Luke, Rogača, Vavlja, Golubinka, Glavice and Dočina. It has around 2000 inhabitants. The most important economic activity is tourism.

Omiš
Omiš (pronounced [ɔ̌miːʃ]) is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is approximately 25 kilometres (16 miles) south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split, where the Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea. In 2021, the municipality had a population of 14,139.
Andrew Gaff
Andrew Gaff (born 16 June 1992) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played predominantly as a midfielder.

Gaff was recruited from the Oakleigh Chargers with the fourth pick in the 2010 National Draft. He made his debut in round one of the 2011 season, and later in the year was nominated for the AFL Rising Star Award. Gaff was a regular in the West Coast line-up since his debut, and in 2015 played in the club's grand final loss to Hawthorn. He won the John Worsfold Medal as West Coast's best and fairest player that year, and was also named in the 2015 All-Australian team. Gaff placed equal fourth in the 2016 Brownlow Medal. He was named in the 2018 All-Australian team.

2015 All-Australian team
The 2015 Virgin Australia All-Australian team represents the best performed Australian Football League (AFL) players during the 2015 season. It was announced on 22 September as a complete Australian rules football team of 22 players. The team is honorary and does not play any games.
Josef and Ctirad Mašín
Ctirad Mašín (August 11, 1930 – August 13, 2011) and Josef Mašín (born March 8, 1932) were brothers who put up armed resistance against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia during the period 1951–1953. Their father was the late general Josef Mašín.

Counterintelligence Corps
The Counter Intelligence Corps (Army CIC) was a World War II and early Cold War intelligence agency within the United States Army consisting of highly trained special agents. Its role was taken over by the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps in 1961 and, in 1967, by the United States Army Intelligence Agency. Its functions are now performed by its modern-day descendant organization, United States Army Counterintelligence. The National Counter Intelligence Corps Association (NCICA), a veterans' association, was established in the years immediately following World War II by former military intelligence agents.
Visconti-Sforza Tarot
The Visconti-Sforza Tarot is used collectively to refer to incomplete sets of approximately 15 decks from the middle of the 15th century, now located in various museums, libraries, and private collections around the world.  No complete deck has survived; rather, some collections have a few face cards, while some consist of a single card.  They are the oldest surviving tarot cards and date back to a period when tarot was still called Trionfi ("triumphs" i.e. trump) cards, and used for everyday playing. They were commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, and by his successor and son-in-law Francesco Sforza. They had a significant impact on the visual composition, card numbering and interpretation of modern decks.

Filippo Maria Visconti
Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447) was the Duke of Milan from 1412 until his death in 1447. Contemporary accounts described him as paranoid, yet politically shrewd.

In the 1420s, he engaged in conflict with Romagna, Florence, and Venice during the Wars in Lombardy, but was eventually compelled to surrender under pressure from Pope Martin V. He later returned to war, which ended with another peace agreement.

Visconti married twice; his second marriage, in 1428, was to Marie of Savoy, daughter of his ally Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy. At his death in 1447, Visconti was the last male of the Visconti line. He was succeeded by Francesco Sforza, who had married his illegitimate daughter, Bianca Maria Visconti, born to Agnese del Maino.
Raventhorpe
Raventhorpe is a hamlet in North Lincolnshire, England. It is located just east of Scunthorpe, and south east of Scunthorpe Steelworks, adjacent to the A18. Raventhorpe was described in the Domesday Book as a settlement in the hundred of Manley, with 9 households in the year 1086. Immediately south west of Raventhorpe Farm is the site of a scheduled monument, which consists of medieval earthworks and the buried remains of several buildings. In the early 1870s Raventhorpe was described by John Marius Wilson in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales as "a hamlet in Appleby parish, Lincoln; 4¼ miles W of Glanford-Brigg".

Raventhorpe Solar PV Park is located to the east of Raventhorpe, commissioned in March 2015 and developed by Kinetica Solar and WElink Energy UK.

Appleby, Lincolnshire
Appleby is a small village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England.

The village is situated about 3 miles (5 km) north-east from Scunthorpe, and on the B1207 road. In 1086 it had a recorded population of 26 households, putting it in the largest 40% of settlements recorded in Domesday (NB: 26 households is an estimate, since multiple places are mentioned in the same entry), and is listed under three owners in Domesday Book.

Returns in the 2001 census show an Appleby parish population of 597, reducing slightly to 587 at the 2011 census.

The Appleby logboat is a Bronze Age logboat, found during dredging of the old River Acholme near Appleby in 1943.
Court of Appeal of Malaysia
The Court of Appeal (Malay: Mahkamah Rayuan Malaysia; Jawi: محکمه رايوان مليسيا‎) is an appellate court of the judiciary system in Malaysia.  It is the second highest court in the hierarchy below the Federal Court.  This court was created in 1994 as part of reforms made to the judiciary to create a second tier appellate court after the right to appeal to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom was abolished in 1985.  The court is headed by the President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia, who is the second most senior post in Malaysian judiciary after the Chief Justice of Malaysia.

On 17 January 2023, Abang Iskandar was sworn in by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the President of the Court of Appeal, succeeding Rohana Yusuf, the first woman to serve in this position, who had retired upon reaching the mandatory retirement age in November 2022. On 3 July 2025, Abang Iskandar retired from the position and the position is being temporarily held by Zabariah Mohd Yusof.

Federal Court of Malaysia
The Federal Court of Malaysia (Malay: Mahkamah Persekutuan Malaysia; Jawi: ‏محكمه ڤرسكوتوان مليسيا‎) is the highest court and the final appellate court in Malaysia. It is housed in the Palace of Justice in Putrajaya. The court was established during Malaya's independence in 1957 and received its current name in 1994.
BMW N53
The BMW N53 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 petrol engine which was produced from 2006 to 2013. The N53 replaced the BMW N52 in certain markets and debuted on the post-facelift E60 5 Series.

In European markets, the N53 began replacing its port-injected parent, the BMW N52, in 2007. Markets such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and Malaysia retained the N52, as the N53 was deemed unsuitable due to the high sulfur content of local fuel.

The N52 and N53 are the last naturally aspirated straight-six engines produced by BMW, ending a history of continuous production of this engine configuration since the BMW M30 in 1968. In 2011, the N52 began to be replaced by the BMW N20 turbocharged four-cylinder engine. N53 production ceased in 2013.

There is no BMW M version of the N53. The BMW N54 turbocharged straight-6 engine was produced alongside the N53.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.