hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statue of Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Ochota)
The statue of Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Polish: Pomnik Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) is a bronze statue in Warsaw, Poland, located in the Skłodowska-Curie Park at the intersection Wawelska and Skłodowskiej-Curie Streets, and near the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, within the district of Ochota. It is dedicated to Maria Skłodowska-Curie, a 19th- and 20th-century physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice. The statue was designed by Ludwika Nitschowa and unveiled on 5 September 1935.

Ochota
Ochota (Polish pronunciation: [ɔˈxɔta] ⓘ) is a district of Warsaw, Poland, located in the central part of the city's urban agglomeration. It is Warsaw's most densely populated district and home to the scientific campus of the University of Warsaw.

The biggest housing estates of Ochota are:

Kolonia Lubeckiego

Kolonia Staszica

Filtry

Rakowiec

Szosa Krakowska

Szczęśliwice

Osiedle Oaza
Girardville, Quebec
Girardville (French pronunciation: [ʒiʁaʁvil]) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the regional county municipality of Maria-Chapdelaine. The municipality had a population of 1,018 in the Canada 2021 Census. The municipality is named in honour of Joseph Girard, former federal deputy for Lac-St-Jean County.

Maria-Chapdelaine Regional County Municipality
Maria-Chapdelaine is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is in Dolbeau-Mistassini.

It runs from Lac Saint-Jean in the south to the deep interior of northern Quebec in the north.
Danmark Rundt
Danmark Rundt is a Danish multi-day professional road cycling race. It is currently sponsored by the Danish national postal agency, PostNord, and the race is therefore also known as PostNord Danmark Rundt. The race is sometimes called the Tour of Denmark in English language media. The race has been on the UCI ProSeries calendar since 2021, after being cancelled in 2020.

2015 Danmark Rundt
The 2015 Danmark Rundt was a men's road bicycle race which was held from 4 August to 8 August 2015. It was the 25th edition of the stage race, which was established in 1985. The race was rated as a 2.HC event and formed part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. The race was made up of six stages over five days and includes an individual time trial. The race was won by Christopher Juul-Jensen of Tinkoff–Saxo.
32 Pomona
32 Pomona (/pəˈmoʊnə/ ⓘ pə-MOH-nə;) is a stony main-belt asteroid that is 81 kilometres (50 mi) in diameter. It was discovered by German-French astronomer Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt on October 26, 1854, and is named after Pōmōna, the Roman goddess of fruit trees.

Photometric observations of this asteroid gave a light curve with a synodic rotation period of 9.448 hours. The data was used to construct a model for the asteroid, revealing it to be an angular object that is spinning about a pole with ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (+58°, 267°). The ratio of the major to minor axes' lengths is roughly equal to 1.3.

The spectrum of 32 Pomona matches an S-type in the Tholen classification system, and is similar to primitive achondrite meteorites. Measurements of the thermal inertia of 32 Pomona give a value of around 20–120 m−2 K−1 s−1/2, compared to 50 for lunar regolith and 400 for coarse sand in an atmosphere.

Hermann Goldschmidt
Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (June 17, 1802 – August 30  or September 10 1866) was a German-French astronomer and painter who spent much of his life in France. He started out as a painter, but after attending a lecture by the famous French astronomer Urbain Le Verrier turned to astronomy. His discovery of the asteroid Lutetia in 1852 was followed by further findings and by 1861 Goldschmidt had discovered 14 asteroids. He received the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1861 for having discovered more asteroids than any other person up to that time. He died from complications of diabetes.
Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Islamic Republic of Iran was founded after the 1979 overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty by the Islamic Revolution, and its  legal code is based on Islamic law or sharia, although many aspects of civil law have been retained, and it is integrated into a civil law legal system. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic, the judiciary in Iran "is an independent power". The entire legal system—"from the Supreme Court to regional courts, all the way down to local and revolutionary courts"—is under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, but in addition to a Minister of Justice and head of the Supreme Court, there is also a separate appointed Head of the Judiciary. Parliamentary bills pertaining to the constitution are vetted by the Council of Guardians.

The original nationwide judicial system  in Iran was implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era.

Tazir
In Islamic Law, tazir (ta'zeer, ta'zir or ta’dhir, Arabic: تعزير, romanized: taʿzīr lit. scolding, "to punish") refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major categories of punishments or sanctions under Islamic law (sharia, the other two or three being hadd, and qisas/diyya).  Contrary to the lightness implied in "scolding", these discretionary punishments can range from a warning from the judge to corporal punishment such as flogging, fines, imprisonment, exile, and in extreme cases execution.

Tazir punishments are sometimes described as being for violations of Islamic law not specified in either the Qur'an nor the hadith, and so not reaching "the level of hudud" (crimes and punishments determined in the Qur'an or hadith), qisas ("eye for an eye" proportional retaliation punishment), or diya (compensation payments for situations where sharia does not allow for qisas retaliation).
2015 NWSL Championship
The 2015 NWSL Championship was the third edition of the NWSL Championship, the championship match of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), and took place on October 1, 2014. In a rematch of the 2014 NWSL Championship, FC Kansas City defended their title by winning 1–0 against NWSL Shield holders Seattle Reign FC. The match took place at Providence Park in Portland, Oregon.

NWSL Championship
The NWSL Championship is the annual championship game of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the top-flight women's soccer league in the United States. It is the culmination of the NWSL playoffs, which is contested by the teams with the best record in the preceding regular season.

The NWSL uses a playoff tournament following the regular season to determine its annual league champion, similar to every other major North American sports league. This format differs from most soccer leagues around the world, which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the champion; the NWSL honors that achievement with the NWSL Shield. Since 2024, the top eight teams in the regular-season standings earn a berth into the playoff tournament; previously, only the top four or top six teams qualified for the playoffs.
Opsariichthys pachycephalus
Opsariichthys pachycephalus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Xenocyprididae, the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. This species is endemic to Taiwan. It is one of the most common minnows of Taiwan, found in the entire western part of the island from sea level to 1200 m elevation. It is a small species reaching a maximum length of 16 cm (6.3 in) TL.

Xenocyprididae
Xenocyprididae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, commonly called the East Asian minnows or sharpbellies. They have a natural distribution in Asia. This taxon, sometimes spelt Xenocypridae, was previously regarded to be a subfamily, Xenocyprinae, of the family Cyprinidae. Cyprinidae sensu lato is now divided into a number of smaller families within the suborder Cyprinoidei, in the order Cypriniformes.
Francisco S. Román
Francisco S. "Frankie" Roman (1930–2016) served as the Chairman of the World Scout Committee from 1996 to 1999, President of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines from 1986 to 1989, and as Chairman of the Asia-Pacific Scout Committee.

In 1992, he was awarded the 219th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, at the 25th World Scout Conference.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Giorgio Nottoli
Giorgio Nottoli (born 1945) is an Italian composer, musician and academic.

Born in Cesena in 1945 he completed his musical studies at the Conservatory "G. Rossini" in Pesaro.

He studied composition with Domenico Guaccero and Mario Bertoncini, guitar with Carmen Lenzi Mozzani and electronic music with Walter Branchi. Self-taught as a designer and researcher, has completed his apprenticeship in science, collaborating with various researchers, including Giuseppe di Giugno, Guido Guiducci and Silvio Santoboni. From 1968 he worked as a performer (lute and guitar) until 1975 and as a composer and researcher so far.

Since 1975, conducts research in the field of science and technology, in the field of acoustics and computer music.

Mario Bertoncini
Mario Bertoncini (27 September 1932, in Rome – 19 January 2019, in Siena) was an Italian composer, pianist, and music educator. In 1962 he was awarded the Nicola d'Atri Prize by the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia for his Sei Pezzi per orchestra  and in 1965 he was awarded both the Gaudeamus International Composers Award and the Fondation européenne de la Culture prize for Quodlibet. He has performed as a concert pianist with symphony orchestras throughout Europe and North America and in Israel and Korea.
Richard Milburn
Richard Milburn, known as Whistling Dick, was an African-American musician in Philadelphia.  He was a great guitarist and whistler and composed bird song themes including the tune Listen to the Mocking Bird which, when arranged with lyrics by Septimus Winner, became one of the most successful ballads of the 19th century, selling over twenty million copies of sheet music.  Milburn made $5 for this while the finished work went on to make over $100,000.

Milburn worked in his father's barber shop in Lombard Street in Philadelphia.  He also gave public performances of his bird whistling tunes which were organised by the Library Company of Philadelphia for the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas.

Septimus Winner
Septimus Winner (May 11, 1827 – November 22, 1905) was an American songwriter of the 19th century.  He used his own name, and also the pseudonyms Alice Hawthorne, Percy Guyer, Mark Mason, Apsley Street, and Paul Stenton.  He was also a teacher, performer, and music publisher.
Niladevi
Niladevi (Sanskrit: नीलदेवी, romanized: Nīladevī, lit. 'blue goddess'), also rendered as Neela Devi or Nappinnai, is a Hindu goddess, and a consort of the preserver deity Vishnu, along with Sridevi and Bhudevi. Niladevi is primarily revered in South India, particularly in Tamil culture, as one of Vishnu's consorts. In Sri Vaishnava tradition, all three consorts of Vishnu are regarded as aspects of Mahalakshmi.

In Vishnu's avatar as Krishna,  Niladevi is either regarded as Nagnajiti, the consort of Krishna in Dvārakā

Andal
Andal (ISO 15919: Āṇṭāḷ), also known as Kothai and Nachiyar is one of the 12 Alvars, who are Tamil saints who patronised Vaishnavism during the Bhakti movement. She is the only female Alvar. She is considered to be an avatar of the earth goddess Bhumi, who is an aspect of Hindu goddess Lakshmi, the consort of the preserver god Vishnu. The Alvars are affiliated with the Sri Vaishnavism tradition of Vaishnavism. As per Hindu mythology, she was raised by Periyalvar in Srivilliputhur, where she grew up as a devotee of Krishna.

Active in the eighth century CE, Andal is credited with the composition of the Tamil works, Tiruppavai and Nachiyar Tirumoli, which are recited by devotees during the month of Margazhi. Andal is a prominent figure for women in South India and has inspired several women's groups such as Goda Mandali.
Knights of Ali
The 'Knights of Ali' (Arabic: فرسان علي | Fursan Ali), also known as the 'Youth of Ali', were a small Shia political movement and militia that used to operate at West Beirut, being a member of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) during the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

Black Thursday (Lebanon)
Black Thursday (Arabic: الخميس الأسود, French: Jeudi noir) was the massacre of between 30 and 50 Lebanese Christians in the area of Bashoura in West Beirut on May 30, 1975. This massacre was one of the first of the widespread sectarian-based abductions, mutilations and executions that followed the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War.

The massacre took place after the murder of a Palestinian man in downtown Beirut; officials estimate that between 30 and 50 Christian Lebanese civilians were summarily executed.
2020–21 Tahiti Cup
The 2020–21 Tahiti Cup (also known as Coupe de Polynésie or Coupe Tahiti Nui) is the 82nd edition of the national cup in Tahitian football. A.S. Vénus are the title holders, having won the 2018–19 Tahiti Cup, since the 2019–20 edition was cancelled due the COVID-19 pandemic. In the final, A.S. Vénus defended the title, after defeating A.S. Pirae.

Tahiti Cup
The Tahiti Cup (also known as Coupe de Polynésie or Coupe de Tahiti Nui) is the premier football knockout tournament in French Polynesia. It was created in 1938, and gives the winner of the tournament a berth in the Coupe de France.

Between 2001 and 2006 two cup competitions were held in parallel.
Jean de Nogaret de La Valette
Jean de Nogaret de La Valette (1527– December 18, 1575) was a captain and then maître de camp (camp master) of the French light cavalry (1562) and Lieutenant General of Guyenne (1574). He fought in the battles of Dreux (1562), Moncontour and Jarnac (1569) and the siege of La Rochelle (1573).

He was born at Caumont-Guienne, the son of Pierre Nogaret de La Valette (1497–1553) and Marguerite de L'Isle de St. Aignan (1499–1535), and fought at the siege of La Rochelle.

With his wife, Jeanne de St Lary de Bellegarde, he had:

Bernard de Nogaret, seigneur de La Valette (1553-1592).

Jean Louis de Nogaret, duc d'Épernon (1554-1642).

Catherine de Nogaret, married Henri de Joyeuse (1565-1587).

Hélėne de Nogaret, married Jacques de Goth (1568-).

Anne-Marie de Nogaret, married Charles II de Luxembourg (1570-1605).

Henri, Duke of Joyeuse
Henri, Duc de Joyeuse (Toulouse, 21 September 1563 – Rivoli, 28 September 1608) was the youngest brother of Anne de Joyeuse and François de Joyeuse. He was a General in the French Wars of Religion and a member of the Catholic League, who became ordained as a Capuchin after the death of his wife, Catherine de La Valette.

After another of his brothers, Scipion, drowned himself in the Tarn after the defeat of Villemur in 1592, his title of Duke of Joyeuse was passed to Henri. The pope then released him from his vows and he was later appointed a Marshal of France. However he rejoined the Capuchins in 1599.

When he died in 1608, the title passed to Henri's daughter Henriette, who had married Henri de Montpensier in 1597.
Archdeacon of Clonmacnoise
The Archdeacon of Clonmacnoise was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Church in Ireland. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of clergy within the Meath Diocese. The archdeaconry can trace its history from Milo Mac Thady O'Connor, the first known incumbent, who held the office in 1260, to the last incumbent Richard Lingard who held the office from 1639 to 1666 when he became Dean of Lismore.

Richard Lingard
Christianity portal

Richard Lingard was an Anglican priest and academic in Ireland in the seventeenth century.

Lingard was educated at Trinity College, Dublin.

He was Dean of Lismore from 1662 to 1670 and Regius Professor of Divinity at  TCD from 1670 to 1678.

In his 1696 pamphlet titled "A Letter of Advice to a Young Gentleman Leaving the University Concerning His Behaviour and Conversation in the World," Lingard wrote, "If you would read a mans [sic] Disposition, see him Game, you will then learn more of him in one hour, than in seven Years Conversation." This appears to be the source of the similar statement "You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation", which has been mis-attributed to Plato since at least as early as the 1950s.
1918 Birthday Honours
The 1918 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, 3 June and were published in The London Gazette on the same day, followed by a supplement.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Holderness (borough)
Holderness was a local government district and borough in northern England, named after the Holderness peninsula.

It was formed on 1 April 1974 along with the non-metropolitan county of Humberside in which it was situated.  It was formed from part of the administrative county of Yorkshire, East Riding, namely:

The municipal borough of Hedon,

The urban districts of Hornsea and Withernsea,

The Holderness Rural District.

The council's headquarters were at Skirlaugh, in the converted workhouse that had been built in 1838.

On 1 April 1996, Humberside and the borough were abolished, and it became part of the new unitary East Riding of Yorkshire.

Withernsea
Withernsea /ˈwɪðərnsi/ is a seaside resort town and civil parish in Holderness, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Its white inland lighthouse, rising around 127 feet (39 m) above Hull Road, now houses a museum to 1950s actress Kay Kendall, who was born in the town.

The Prime Meridian crosses the coast north-west of Withernsea.

At the 2011 UK census, Withernsea had a population of 6,159, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 5,980.

Withernsea education system consists of both Withernsea High School, and Withernsea Primary School.
Calcipotriol
Calcipotriol, also known as calcipotriene and sold under the brand name Dovonex among others, is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis.

It was patented in 1985 and approved for medical use in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Calcipotriol is also available with the synthetic corticosteroid betamethasone dipropionate as the fixed-dose combination medication calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

Vitamin D receptor
The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2vitamin D3) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor. The VDR heterodimer then enters the nucleus and binds to Vitamin D responsive elements (VDRE) in genomic DNA. VDR binding results in expression or transrepression of many specific gene products. VDR is also involved in microRNA-directed post transcriptional mechanisms. In humans, the vitamin D receptor is encoded by the VDR gene located on chromosome 12q13.11.

VDR is expressed in most tissues of the body, and regulates transcription of genes involved in intestinal and renal transport of calcium and other minerals. Glucocorticoids decrease VDR expression.  Many types of immune cells also express VDR.
Linear least squares
Linear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data.
It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression, including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted, and generalized (correlated) residuals.
Numerical methods for linear least squares include inverting the matrix of the normal equations and orthogonal decomposition methods.

Minimum mean square error estimator
In statistics and signal processing, a minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE estimator) is an estimation method which minimizes the mean square error (MSE), which is a common measure of estimator quality, of the fitted values of a dependent variable. In the Bayesian setting, MMSE more specifically refers to estimation with quadratic loss function. In such case, the MMSE estimator is given by the posterior mean of the parameter to be estimated. Since the posterior mean is cumbersome to calculate, the form of the MMSE estimator is usually constrained to be within a certain class of functions. Linear MMSE estimators are a popular choice since they are easy to use, easy to calculate, and very versatile. It has given rise to many popular estimators such as the Wiener–Kolmogorov filter and Kalman filter.
James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey
James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey (18 October 1875 – 30 July 1927) was an intellectual, missionary, and teacher. He was an influential proponent of pan-Africanism.

He was born in the Gold Coast, British West Africa (modern Ghana) and pursued a college education in the United States, returning to Africa after earning his graduate degree at Columbia University. He was the first Vice Principal of Achimota College.

Mfantsipim School
Mfantsipim School is an all-boys boarding secondary school in Cape Coast, Ghana, established by the Methodist Church in 1876 to foster intellectual, moral, and spiritual growth in the then Gold Coast. Its founding name was Wesleyan High School and the first headmaster was James Picot, a French scholar, who was only 17 years old on his appointment.

Mfantsipim is nicknamed The School because it gave birth to other prominent schools such as Prempeh College.