hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Barton Northrup
William Barton Northrup, KC (October 19, 1856 – October 22, 1925) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

Born in Belleville, Canada West, the son of Anson Gilbert Northrup and Jane C. Balster, Northrup was educated at the Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1877 and a Master of Arts degree in 1878. A lawyer he was head of the firm of Northrup & Roberts, in Belleville. He was created a King's Counsel in 1903.

He first ran unsuccessfully as the Conservative candidate for the House of Commons of Canada for the Ontario electoral district of Hastings East in the 1891 federal election losing to Liberal Samuel Barton Burdett. After Burdett died in office in 1892, Northrup was acclaimed in the resulting 1892 by-election. He was defeated in the 1896 federal election and was elected in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1911.

From 1918 to 1924, he was the Clerk of the House of Commons.

Clerk of the House of Commons (Canada)
The clerk of the House of Commons is the senior procedural and administrative officer in the House of Commons of Canada.

The duties performed by the Clerk of the House of Commons include advising the Speaker of the House of Commons and Members of Parliament on matters of parliamentary procedure. As well, the Clerk is involved in the management of the House of Commons. The office is modelled on the Clerk of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Prior to the establishment of this office, there was the Clerk of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.

The current Clerk is Eric Janse.
Musical nationalism
Musical nationalism refers to the use of musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Dynamic terrain
A dynamic terrain is the representation of terrain (e.g. mountains, hills, valleys) together with the capability for modification during a simulation (e.g. a constructive soldier (i.e. battlespace entity) digging a trench).

Army Geospatial Center
The Army Geospatial Center (AGC) (formerly Topographic Engineering Center (TEC), part of the ERDC) is a Major Subordinate Command of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. It is located in Alexandria, Virginia, within the Humphreys Engineering Center adjacent to the Fort Belvoir military reservation.

The AGC reportedly coordinates, integrates, and synchronizes geospatial information and standards across the Army, develops and fields geospatial enterprise-enabled systems and capabilities to the Army and the Department of Defense, and provides direct geospatial support and products to Warfighters.  Its Geospatial Research and Engineering Division, an Engineer Research and Development Center asset, conducts research and development into geospatial data collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination in support of both civilian missions and missions of U.S. ground forces.
Mount Tambora
Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands, volcanism is the result of subduction zones. The 1815 eruption was the largest in recorded history, erupting up to 150 cubic kilometers of volcanic material, making it a VEI-7 on the Volcanic explosivity index. This caused the summer of 1816 to become known as the "Year Without a Summer" due to global cooling from the eruption.

Dompu
Dompu is a town and the administrative centre of the Dompu Regency, located in the eastern part of the island of Sumbawa, in central Indonesia's province of West Nusa Tenggara. It is the third largest town on the island of Sumbawa, with a district population of 49,854 at the 2010 Census, which by the 2020 Census had grown to 54,987; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 58,304. 
It is connected by provincial roads to Bima and Sape to the east.
Heterotis (plant)
Heterotis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.

The genus is native to tropical Africa.

There are 6 accepted species in this genus. 
Some taxonomists include this genus and its species in the genus Dissotis.

Heterotis buettneriana (Cogn. ex Büttner) Jacq.-Fél.

Heterotis cogniauxiana (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) Ver.-Lib. & G.Kadereit

Heterotis decumbens (P.Beauv.) Jacq.-Fél.

Heterotis fruticosa (Brenan) Ver.-Lib. & G.Kadereit

Heterotis prostrata Benth.

Heterotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Jacq.-Fél.

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
Tal Afar
Tal Afar (Arabic: تَلْعَفَر, romanized: Talʿafar, IPA: [talˈʕafar]; Turkish: Telafer, تلعفر) is a city in the Nineveh Governorate of northwestern Iraq, located 63 km (39 mi) west of Mosul, 52 km (32 mi) east of Sinjar and 200 km (120 mi) northwest of Kirkuk. Its local inhabitants are exclusively Turkmen.

While no official census data exists, the city, which had previously been estimated to have a population of approximately 200,000, had dropped to 80,000 as of 2007. In 2003, Tal Afar's Turkmen population in the city center was about 15 percent Bektashi and Shia, while 85 percent was Sunni. Surrounding areas push the total Sunni ratio to 90%. On 27 April 2025, Baghdad Today reported of an ongoing government initiative to convert Tel Afar District into the 20th governorate of Iraq. The proposed name of the new governorate is Jazira.

Iraqi Police
The Iraqi Police (Arabic: الشرطة العراقية), officially part of the General Directorate of Public Security (Arabic: مديرية الأمن العام), is the primary civilian law enforcement agency under the authority of the Ministry of Interior responsible for maintaining internal security and enforcing law and order throughout Iraq.
TVP3
TVP3 (formerly TVP Regionalna, known also as Regionalna Trójka or Program 3 Telewizji Polskiej) is a Polish TV channel, run by the public broadcaster, TVP and dedicated to the country's regions. It has regional branches in most of the major Polish cities and, similarly to the France 3 in France or Rai Tre in Italy, for a couple of hours every day it broadcast regional programming, including local news and reports. On 20 December 2023, TVP3's signal was shut down and instead, TVP2 started being broadcast. On the same day, the website was shut down and started redirecting to the main TVP website, but on 26 December 2023, the channel returned to the air.

Polskie Radio Program III
Polskie Radio Program III (Polish Radio Three), known also as Radiowa Trójka or shortly Trójka is a radio channel broadcast by the Polish public broadcaster, Polskie Radio. It is a music station playing a wide variety of music from rock, alternative, jazz and others. It is broadcast on FM, via satellite and online. The studios are located at Myśliwiecka Street 3/5/7 in Warsaw.
Breitinden
Breitinden (Norwegian) or Reaiddaidčohkka (Northern Sami) is the highest mountain on the island of Senja in Troms county, Norway. It is located in Senja Municipality, southeast of the Medfjorden and southwest of the village of Medfjordbotn.  The village of Senjahopen lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the mountain.  The lake Svartholvatnet is located along the southwestern base of the mountain.

Senjahopen
Senjahopen or Senjehopen is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms county, Norway. Senjahopen is located along the Medfjorden on the northwest part of the large island of Senja, where it is one of the most important fishing villages on the island. Another nearby fishing village is Mefjordvær, which located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest.

The 0.38-square-kilometre (94-acre) village has a population (2023) of 257 and a population density of 676 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,750/sq mi).
1980 FIA European Formula 3 Championship
The 1980 FIA European Formula 3 Championship was the sixth edition of the FIA European Formula 3 Championship. The championship consisted of 14 rounds across the continent. The season was won by Italian Michele Alboreto, with Thierry Boutsen second and Corrado Fabi in third.

FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1984)
FIA European Formula 3 Championship was a former European Formula Three racing competition, organised by the FIA.

The series started in 1966 as a one-race event for national teams, named the Formula 3 Nations European Cup. In 1975, with the introduction of a new regulation for 2000 cc cars, the series was expanded into a proper championship. It was cancelled in 1984, and it was replaced by the European Formula Three Cup the next year, returning to a one-event format.

In 1987, the EFDA started a new pan-European championship, named F3 Euroseries, but it ran for a single season. A proper continental series, re-using the Formula 3 Euro Series name, started in 2003, from the merger of the German and French championships.
KSSX
KSSX (95.7 FM) is a commercial radio station located in San Diego, California, although the station is legally licensed to serve Carlsbad, in nearby North County. The station airs a rhythmic contemporary format, and is one of seven stations in the market owned and operated by iHeartMedia. The station's studios are located in San Diego's Kearny Mesa neighborhood on the northeast side, and the transmitter is atop Mt. Soledad, located in La Jolla.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
Éliane Reyes
Éliane Reyes (born 7 June 1977 in Verviers) is a Belgian pianist who is known both as a soloist and as a chamber musician. She is also currently Professor of Piano at both the Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles (Royal Conservatory of Brussels, Belgium) and the Conservatoire de Paris. In 2016, she was designated a Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by the French government.

Alexandre Tansman
Alexander Tansman (Polish: Aleksander Tansman, French: Alexandre Tansman; 12 June 1897 – 15 November 1986) was a Polish composer, pianist and conductor who became a naturalized French citizen in 1938. One of the earliest representatives of neoclassicism, associated with École de Paris, Tansman was a globally recognized and celebrated composer.
Ritscher Upland
73°0′S 9°0′W﻿ / ﻿73.000°S 9.000°W﻿ / -73.000; -9.000
Ritscher Upland (German: Ritscherhochland) is a large ice-covered upland of western Queen Maud Land, bounded by Kraul Mountains and Heimefront Range to the west and southwest, and by Borg Massif and Kirwan Escarpment to the east. It was discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), and named for Capt. Alfred Ritscher, leader of the expedition. It was remapped from air photos taken by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver.

Heimefront Range
74°35′S 11°0′W﻿ / ﻿74.583°S 11.000°W﻿ / -74.583; -11.000
The Heimefront Range is a range of mountains in three groups trending northeast–southwest for 65 nautical miles (120 km), situated 50 nautical miles (93 km) west-southwest of the Kirwan Escarpment in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The range was observed and photographed by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition in the course of air reconnaissance from Maudheim Station in January 1952. The name "Heimefrontfjella" (homefront range) was applied by the placename authority in the Norwegian government. This range may include the crudely mapped mountains identified as "Kottas Berge" on the map of the Third German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–39.

Wide glaciers divide the Heimefront Range in four ice free areas. These are, from north east to south west: Milorgfjella (Kottas Berge, Milorg Mountains), XU-fjella (XU Mountains), Sivorgfjella and Tottan Hills.
Christ and the Samaritan Woman (Kauffman)
Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Well is a painting in oils on canvas of 1796 by Angelica Kauffman, depicting the eponymous Gospel passage. It was bought from the artist's estate in 1829 by Louis I of Bavaria and remained in the House of Wittelsbach until it was transferred to the Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds in 1926; it then passed to the State of Bavaria in 1938. The work now hangs in the Neue Pinakothek in Munich.

Neue Pinakothek
The Neue Pinakothek (German: [ˈnɔʏ.ə pinakoˈteːk], New Pinacotheca) is an art museum in Munich, Germany. Its focus is European Art of the 18th and 19th centuries, and it is one of the most important museums of art of the nineteenth century in the world.

Together with the Alte Pinakothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne, the Neue Pinakothek is part of Munich's museum quarter (Kunstareal).
2016 IAAF World Challenge
The 2016 IAAF World Challenge was the seventh edition of the annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). The series featured a total of twelve meetings – one fewer than the previous year as the Ponce Grand Prix de Atletismo and Meeting de Rabat were dropped while the Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo returned. The Rieti Meeting was originally scheduled for 11 September, but the meeting folded due to financial issues.

IAAF World Challenge
The IAAF World Challenge was an annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). First held in 2010, it replaced the IAAF Grand Prix and IAAF Super Grand Prix series to form the second tier of international one-day meetings, after the IAAF Diamond League. Unlike the Diamond League, the IAAF World Challenge comprised stand-alone meetings, and no overall winners are crowned. The series was made defunct at the end of 2019 and was replaced by the World Athletics Continental Tour, which includes series winners for non-Diamond League events.
Salem Common Historic District (Salem, New Hampshire)
The Salem Common Historic District encompasses the early colonial center of Salem, New Hampshire. The district dates to the earliest period of settlement of Salem, and includes the historic common, old town hall, fire station, and library. The town hall was built in 1738 and extensively altered in 1838 and 1899; it served as a place for town meetings until 1958. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Salem, New Hampshire
Salem is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 30,089 at the 2020 census and an estimated 30,647 in 2022. Salem is a suburb of Boston and Manchester located on Interstate 93. As the first town along I-93 northbound in New Hampshire, Salem has grown into a regional commercial hub for the northern section of Greater Boston, anchored by the Mall at Rockingham Park and Tuscan Village. Other major sites include Canobie Lake Park, a large amusement park; and America's Stonehenge, a stone structure of disputed origins. It is the former home of Rockingham Park, a horse racetrack. The Sununu political family hails from Salem, including former New Hampshire governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu, and his sons John E. Sununu, a former U.S. senator, and Chris Sununu, former New Hampshire governor.
Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object
The magnetospheric eternally collapsing object (MECO) is an alternative model for black holes initially proposed by Indian scientist Abhas Mitra in 1998 and later generalized by American researchers Darryl J. Leiter and Stanley L. Robertson. A proposed observable difference between MECOs and black holes is that a MECO can produce its own intrinsic magnetic field.  An uncharged black hole cannot produce its own magnetic field, though its accretion disk can.

Accretion disk
An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward the central body. Gravitational and frictional forces compress and raise the temperature of the material, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around neutron stars and black holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum. The study of oscillation modes in accretion disks is referred to as diskoseismology.
Long Wittenham
Long Wittenham is a village and small civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) north of Didcot, and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Abingdon. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it from Berkshire to Oxfordshire, and from the former Wallingford Rural District to the new district of South Oxfordshire.

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Its council is temporarily based outside the district at Abingdon-on-Thames pending a planned move to Didcot, the district's largest town. The areas located south of the River Thames are within the historic county of Berkshire.
Marine Landaise
The Marine Landaise is a French bovine breed with a very small population, benefiting from a conservation program and maintained in humid natural areas along the coast of the Landes de Gascogne, in the Landes and Gironde regions. Its vocation is environmental. It should not be confused with the Spanish Fighting Bull used courses landaises (Landes races).

Béarnaise cattle
The Béarnaise is a French breed of domestic beef cattle. It originates in the area of the traditional province of Béarn, in the east of the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the northern Pyrénées in south-west France. It was merged with other breeds in 1920 to form the Blonde des Pyrénées, which in turn was fused with the Blonde de Quercy and Garonnaise breeds to create the Blonde d'Aquitaine in 1962.
Lombardi's Pizza
Lombardi's is a pizzeria at 32 Spring Street on the corner of Mott Street in the Nolita neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1905, it has been recognized by the Pizza Hall of Fame as the first pizzeria in the United States, though later research has shown other pizzerias that predate it by more than a decade.

Nolita
40°43′21″N 73°59′43″W﻿ / ﻿40.722542°N 73.9951515°W﻿ / 40.722542; -73.9951515

Nolita, sometimes written as NoLIta and deriving from "Northern Little Italy", is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Nolita is situated in Lower Manhattan, bounded on the north by Houston Street, on the east by the Bowery, on the south roughly by Broome Street, and on the west by Lafayette Street. It lies east of SoHo, south of NoHo, west of the Lower East Side, and north of Little Italy and Chinatown.
Hite Crossing Bridge
The Hite Crossing Bridge is an  arch bridge that carries Utah State Route 95 across the Colorado River northwest of Blanding, Utah, United States.  The bridge informally marks the upstream limit of Lake Powell and the end of Cataract Canyon of the Colorado River, but when the lake is at normal water elevation, the water can back up over 30 miles (48 km) upstream into Cataract Canyon. The bridge is the only automobile bridge spanning the Colorado River between the Glen Canyon Bridge, 185 miles (298 km) downstream near the Glen Canyon Dam and the U.S. Route 191 bridge 110 miles (180 km) upstream near Moab. The bridge is near Hite Marina on Lake Powell, and a small airstrip is immediately adjacent to the north side of the bridge. The American Discovery Trail uses the bridge to cross the Colorado.

U.S. Route 191 in Utah
U.S. Route 191 (US 191) is a major 404.168-mile (650.445 km), north–south U.S. Numbered Highway through eastern Utah, United States. The present alignment of US 191, which stretches from Mexico to Canada, was created in 1981 through Utah. Previously the route had entered northern Utah, ending at US 91 in Brigham City, but with the completion of Interstate 15 it was truncated to Yellowstone National Park and re-extended on a completely different alignment. In addition to a large portion of U.S. Route 163 in Utah (|US 163, this extension absorbed several state routes: the former Utah State Route 33, most of Utah State Route 44, and the former Utah State Route 260.
Gideon B. Williamson
Gideon Williamson (1898–1981) was a minister, president of Eastern Nazarene College (1936–1944), general president of the Nazarene Young People's Society (1932–1940), and general superintendent in the Church of the Nazarene (1946–1968).

He was born February 20, 1898, in New Florence, Missouri, converted and called to preach at an early age in the Church of God (Holiness), and joined the Church of the Nazarene in 1919 when he graduated from John Fletcher College at University Park, Iowa. He pursued further studies at McCormick and Northern Baptist Seminary in Chicago, Illinois. He pastored for 16 years, at the Austin Church in Chicago, the Cleveland First Church of the Nazarene in Ohio, and, after he left the presidency at Eastern Nazarene in Massachusetts, the First Church of the Nazarene in Kansas City, Missouri.

General Superintendent (Church of the Nazarene)
General Superintendent is the highest elected office within the Church of the Nazarene. General superintendents are elected by the General Assembly of the denomination for a four-year term to expire at the end of the next General Assembly.
Matilda of Ringelheim
Matilda of Ringelheim (c. 892 – 14 March 968), also known as Saint Matilda, was a Saxon noblewoman who became queen of Germany. Her husband, Henry the Fowler, was the first king from the Ottonian dynasty, and their eldest son, Otto the Great, restored the Holy Roman Empire in 962. Matilda founded several spiritual institutions and women's convents. She was considered to be extremely pious, righteous and charitable. Matilda's two hagiographical biographies and The Deeds of the Saxons serve as authoritative sources about her life and work.

The Deeds of the Saxons
The Deeds of the Saxons, or Three Books of Annals (Latin: Res gestae Saxonicae sive annalium libri tres) is a three-volume chronicle of 10th-century Germany, written by Widukind of Corvey. Widukind, proud of his people and history, begins his chronicon, not with Rome, but with a brief synopsis derived from the orally-transmitted history of the Saxons, with a terseness that makes his work difficult to interpret. Widukind omits Italian events in tracing the career of Henry the Fowler and he never mentioned a pope.