hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Lüders
Michael Andreas Lüders (born 8 May 1959) is a German political scientist and Islamic scholar who works as a publicist and political and economic consultant. He is also known as a journalist and a writer of many novels.

From 2015 to 2022, Lüders was president of the German-Arab Association. He was also an advisory board member of the Near and Middle East Association (NuMOV) and deputy chairman of the German Orient Foundation. He has been a member of the extended party executive of the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) since January 2024.

Lüders was a candidate in the 2024 European elections and the 2025 German federal election.

Die Zeit
Die Zeit (German pronunciation: [diː ˈtsaɪt], lit. 'The Time') is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles.
Longnose stonebasher
The longnose stonebasher (Gnathonemus longibarbis) is a species of fish in the family Mormyridae. It is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, and inland deltas.

Mormyridae
The Mormyridae, sometimes called elephantfish (more properly freshwater elephantfish), are a family of weakly electric fish in the order Osteoglossiformes native to Africa. It is by far the largest family in the order, with around 200 species. Members of the family can be popular, if challenging, aquarium species. These fish have a large brain size and unusually high intelligence.

They are not to be confused with the marine and brackish-water callorhinchid elephantfish (family Callorhinchidae) of Southern Hemisphere oceans.
Modern literature in Irish
Although Irish has been used as a literary language for more than 1,500 years (see Irish literature), and modern literature in Irish dates – as in most European languages – to the 16th century, modern Irish literature owes much of its popularity to the 19th century Gaelic Revival, a cultural and language revival movement, and to the efforts of more recent poets and writers. In an act of literary decolonization common to many other peoples seeking self-determination, writers in Irish have taken the advice of Patrick Pearse and have combined influences from both their own literary history and the whole of world literature. Writers in Modern Irish have accordingly produced some of the most interesting literature to come out of Ireland, while being both supplemented and influenced by poetry and prose composed in the Irish language outside Ireland.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
207 East 36th Street
207 East 36th Street is a five-story commercial building located between Second and Third avenues in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. The building was constructed in 1906 and originally served as a stable, garage and warehouse for B. Altman and Company. It currently houses the Murray Hill Annex of the United States Postal Service.

Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.
Queenhithe
Queenhithe is a small and ancient ward of the City of London, situated by the River Thames and to the south of St. Paul's Cathedral. The Millennium Bridge crosses into the City at Queenhithe.

Queenhithe is also the name of the ancient, but now disused, dock and a minor street, which runs along that dock, both of which are within the ward.

The ward is served by London Buses route 4, which runs along Queen Victoria Street and stops by the Millennium footbridge, and the nearest London Underground station is Mansion House, on Queen Victoria Street.

Court of Common Council
The Court of Common Council is the primary decision-making body of the City of London Corporation. It meets nine times per year. Most of its work is carried out by committees. Elections are held at least every four years. It is largely composed of independent members although the number of Labour Party Common Councilmen in 2017 grew to five out of a total of 100. In October 2018, the Labour Party gained its sixth seat on the Common Council with a by-election victory in Castle Baynard ward.
The most recent election was in 2025.
Willie Chan
William Chan Chi-Keung (Chinese: 陈自强; 22 May 1941 – 24 October 2017) was a Malaysian-born Hong Kong film producer and talent manager. He is best known for helping to establish the career of Jackie Chan, serving as  his manager and later as the actor’s producing partner in both Asia and North America. He also managed the career of singer-rapper and actor Edison Chen.

Edison Chen
Edison Chen Koon-hei (Chinese: 陳冠希, born Chen Hing-wah on 7 October 1980) is a Canadian-born Hong Kong actor, singer, rapper, fashion designer and entrepreneur. In 1999, at the age of 19, Chen was scouted to shoot a credit card commercial with Leon Lai. He made his debut in the music industry in 2000 and starred in films such as Infernal Affairs (2002) and Initial D (2005). In 2008, he withdrew from the entertainment industry "indefinitely" following a sex photo scandal, but made a comeback in 2010.
Bhavasimha
Bhavasimha (Maithili: भव सिंह) was a king of the Mithila Kingdom during the period of Oiniwar Dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. He was a great warrior. He ruled the kingdom for thirty six years, from 1353 CE to 1386 CE. He was the grandfather of King Shivasimha. He was the fifth king in the Oiniwar Dynasty of the Mithila Kingdom.

Videha
Videha (Prākrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁂𑀳 Videha; Pāli: Videha; Sanskrit: Videha) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Videha, the Vaidehas, were initially organised into a monarchy but later became a gaṇasaṅgha (an aristocratic oligarchic republic), presently referred to as the Videha Republic, which was part of the larger Vajjika League.
Ingle Building
The Ingle Building is an historic structure located at 801 4th Avenue in the Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego, in the U.S. state of California. It was built in 1906 and housed the Golden Lion Tavern. Currently, the building is home to The World Famous Madhouse Comedy Club.

Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego
The Gaslamp Quarter is a historic neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California. It extends from Broadway to Harbor Drive and from 4th to 6th Avenue. The neighborhood is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places as the Gaslamp Quarter Historic District. It includes over 90 historic buildings, most of which were constructed in the Victorian era; many are in use as restaurants, shops, entertainment venues, and nightclubs.

The Gaslamp Quarter is known for its nightlife. It is the site of various events and festivals, including Mardi Gras in the Gaslamp, Taste of Gaslamp, and ShamROCK, a St. Patrick's Day event. Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, is one block away in the East Village neighborhood.
John Mason (master)
John Mason (died 9 October 1788) was master of the Prince of Wales, a transport ship in the First Fleet.

Prince of Wales left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, carrying 47 female convicts. Six days later two male convicts were also transferred aboard; the ringleaders of a failed mutiny aboard fellow First Fleet transport Scarborough. The Fleet arrived at Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia, on 26 January 1788.

Mason's ship left Port Jackson on 14 August 1788, and arrived back in London, via Rio de Janeiro, on 30 April 1789.

John Mason died of scurvy on 9 October 1788 during the return voyage.

First Fleet
The First Fleet were eleven British ships which transported a group of settlers to mainland Australia, marking the beginning of the European colonisation of Australia. It consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three storeships and six convict transports under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. On 13 May 1787, the ships, with over 1,400 convicts, marines, sailors, colonial officials, and free settlers onboard, left Portsmouth and travelled over 24,000 kilometres (15,000 mi; 13,000 nmi) and over 250 days before arriving in Botany Bay, New South Wales, on 18 January 1788. Governor Arthur Phillip rejected Botany Bay, choosing instead Port Jackson to the north as the site for the new colony; the Fleet arrived there on 26 January 1788. The Fleet established the Colony of New South Wales as a penal colony; the first British settlement in Australia.
Narcisse Prudhomme Plantation
Narcisse Prudhomme Plantation, also known as Narcisse Prud'homme Plantation, Beau Fort Plantation, and St. Charles Plantation, is a historic planation house and a former plantation, located in the unincorporated community of Bermuda, Louisiana near the village of Natchez. It is one of the oldest plantations in the Cane River National Heritage Area.

It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 13, 1976, for its architectural significance.

Natchez, Louisiana
Natchez is a village in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Natchez had a population of 489. It is part of the Natchitoches Micropolitan Statistical Area. The village and parish are part of the Cane River National Heritage Area and located on Isle Brevelle.
Ugljare, Graçanicë
Ugljare (Serbian Cyrillic: Угљаре) or Uglara (Albanian: Uglarë), is a village in the Gračanica municipality of Kosovo. Ugljare was part of the Kosovo Polje municipality before the Gračanica Municipality was created.

It is a Serb enclave; it has a supermajority of ethnic Serbs.

Ugljare is located about 5 kilometers from city center of Pristina and 12 kilometers from the Gračanica monastery. There is river passing through the Ugljare, Prištevka.

Gračanica, Kosovo
Gračanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Грачаница) or Graçanicë (Albanian definite form: Graçanica), is a town and municipality located in Pristina District in Kosovo. As of 2024, the town has a population of 18,486 inhabitants.

It is centered around the Gračanica Monastery, ten kilometers east of Pristina. The 1999 Kosovo War and its aftermath transformed Gračanica from a small village into an administrative center serving the needs of the 75,000 Kosovo Serbs living south of the Ibar River. After the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality was expected to become part of a proposed Community of Serb Municipalities, however the agreement was never implemented as it was deemed unconstitutional. The town is also known for being the location of Gračanica Monastery, one of the richest Serbian medieval monuments from the 14th century.
Plutonium(III) oxide
Plutonium(III) oxide is an inorganic compound of plutonium and oxygen with the chemical formula Pu2O3. This is a sesquioxide of plutonium and is a lower oxide compared to the more common plutonium dioxide PuO2.

Plutonium(IV) oxide
Plutonium(IV) oxide, or plutonia, is a chemical compound with the formula PuO2. This high melting-point solid is a principal compound of plutonium. It can vary in color from yellow to olive green, depending on the particle size, temperature and method of production.
Altach railway station
Altach railway station (German: Bahnhof Altach), formerly Altach-Bauern railway station, is a railway station in Altach in the Feldkirch district of the Austrian federal state of Vorarlberg. It was opened on 1 July 1872, together with the rest of the Vorarlberg railway.

The station is owned and operated by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

Lindau-Insel station
Lindau-Insel station (German: Bahnhof Lindau-Insel, lit. 'Lindau Island'), named Lindau Stadt (lit. 'Lindau City') until 15 May 1936 and then Lindau Hauptbahnhof (lit. 'Lindau Main Station') until 12 December 2020, is the largest railway station in the city of Lindau in the German state of Bavaria. It is a terminal station and located on the island of Lindau, Lake Constance (Bodensee).

It was the city's most important station until passenger service resumed at Lindau-Reutin station on 13 December 2020. Another station, Lindau-Aeschach, is also in the urban area. Formerly there were several other stations in Lindau: Lindau-Siebertsdorf (called Lindau-Zech until 15 May 1936), Lindau Langenweg, Lindau Strandbad, Schoenau, Oberreitnau and Rehlings.
People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan
The People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan is the regional parliament of Dagestan, a federal subject of Russia. Its seat is in Makhachkala.

The parliament comprises 90 deputies. They are elected for five years by secret ballot and universal suffrage. The Chairman of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the State Council with the consent of the People's Assembly. Of that reason, the government of Dagestan is responsible and accountable to both the State Council and the People's Assembly.

Regional parliaments of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the regional legislatures in the federal subjects of Russia (republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts and federal cities), which have different names but are often collectively referred to as regional parliaments.

The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The largest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which consists of 110 deputies, while the smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, deputies in the regional parliaments are elected for five-year terms.
1955 Targa Florio
The 39a Targa Florio took place on 16 October, around the Circuito delle Madonie, Sicily, Italy. It was also the sixth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship as the Carrera Panamericana was cancelled and the Targa was allowed to take the late season slot, as a second Italian round after the Mille Miglia in May. The title lay between Ferrari, Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz, with Ferrari leading 19 points from one win to 16 from the other two marques which had two wins each, but no other results. Mercedes had skipped the first two heats and withdrew from Le Mans after the disaster, while leading the race. Jaguar did not show up in Sicily at the unknown 72 km long road track, but Mercedes came three weeks early to practice with seven cars. Finishing 1-2-4, Mercedes secured the championship.

Targa Florio
The Targa Florio was a public road endurance automobile race held in the mountains of Sicily near the island's capital of Palermo. Founded in 1906, it was the oldest sports car racing event, part of the World Sportscar Championship between 1955 and 1973. While the first races consisted of a whole tour of the island, the track length in the race's last decades was limited to the 72 km (45 mi) of the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, which was lapped 11 times.

After 1973, it was a national sports car event until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns. It has since been run as Targa Florio Rally, a rallying event, and is part of the Italian Rally Championship.
Bajwa Kalan
Bajwa Kalan is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. Kalan is Persian language word which means Big and Khurd is Persian word which means small when two villages have same name then it is distinguished with Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small used with Village Name.
It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Shahkot, 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Nakodar, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 178 kilometres (111 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Richard Boyle Townsend
Richard Boyle Townsend (1756 – 26 November 1826) was an Irish politician.

He was the only son of Richard Townsend and his wife Elizabeth FitzGerald, daughter of John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry. His uncles were Maurice FitzGerald, 16th Knight of Kerry and John Townsend. Townsend entered the Irish House of Commons in 1782 and sat for Dingle until he resigned his seat in 1795. He was appointed High Sheriff of County Cork for 1785.

On 16 May 1784, he married Henrietta Newenham, daughter of John Newenham, and by her he had eight sons and a daughter.

John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry
John FitzGerald, 15th Knight of Kerry (1706 – 10 June 1741) was an Irish politician and hereditary knight.

He was the older son of Maurice FitzGerald, 14th Knight of Kerry, and his wife Elizabeth Crosbie, second daughter of David Crosbie. His younger brother was Robert FitzGerald. In 1728, FitzGerald entered the Irish House of Commons and sat for Dingle until his death. One year later, he succeeded his father as Knight of Kerry.

On 12 April 1732, FitzGerald married Margaret Deane, youngest daughter of Joseph Deane, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, and by her, he had a daughter and a son. FitzGerald died at The Grove, Dingle in 1741 and was succeeded in his title by his only son Maurice.
Mfuleni
Mfuleni is a relatively new township about 32 kilometres from central Cape Town, South Africa. It is a predominantly Black township, although there are also some Coloured members of the community.

Mfuleni is a suburb of Blue Downs area and is close to the sprawling township of Khayelitsha and also next to the new suburb of Malibu Village. Around 52,300 people live in this township. Most were moved there from the late 1990s following flooding and fires in different townships across the Western Cape, such as Philippi, Nyanga and Khayelitsha. Hence, the mixed nature of the community here. Unemployment, HIV/AIDS and crime are some of the most pressing problems in this poor township.

Recently, the Department of Local government and Housing with its partners established a new housing project which built an additional 165 houses.

Blue Downs
Blue Downs is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It forms part of the Eastern Suburbs Zone of the City of Cape Town situated on the eastern outskirts of the city and is also located on the Cape Flats, a flat expanse of land east of Cape Town.

The suburb is one of the outlying areas of Cape Town that has been targeted by the Western Cape provincial government for development. Planned developments include improved public transportation for the area and the building of additional schools.
Old Guard (France)
The Old Guard (French: Vieille garde) was a formation of the French Army's Imperial Guard. Consisting exclusively of veteran troops, it was the most prestigious formation in Napoleon's Grande Armée. French soldiers often referred to Napoleon's Old Guard as "the Immortals". The Napoleonic Imperial Guard is collectively mentioned as the "elite of the elite".

Famously devoted to the Emperor, who even referred to them as "my children"; the members of his Old Guard were selected based on physical traits, most notably above-average height. Their imposing stature was likely impressive to foes and allies alike. Awards as well as veterancy were also taken into consideration when selecting troops for the Old Guard.

Jean-Roch Coignet
Jean-Roch Coignet (16 August 1776 – 10 December 1865) was a French soldier who served in the military campaigns of the Consulate and First French Empire, up through the Battle of Waterloo.  He later wrote his memoirs detailing his military service, The Notebooks of Captain Coignet, which are still being reprinted.

He participated in 16 campaigns and 48 battles, never having been wounded.
Graduate School of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo
Faculty of Science (東京大学理学部) is one of the 10 constituent faculties, and Graduate School of Science (東京大学大学院理学系研究科) is one of the constituent 15 graduate schools at University of Tokyo. The faculty and the graduate school operate as one with the exception of mathematics and computer science. Founded in 1877, Faculty of Science is one of the oldest 4 faculties (Science, Medicine, Law and Letters) of the University of Tokyo.

Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Science have produced 6 Nobel laureates (Esaki, Koshiba, Nanbu, Kajita, Osumi, Manabe) and one Fields Medallist (Kodaira).

Faculty of Letters, University of Tokyo
The Faculty of Letters is one of the ten constituent undergraduate faculties of the University of Tokyo. The Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology is affiliated with the faculty, and these two schools operate as one organisation in practice.
Black Report
The Black Report was a 1980 document published by the Department of Health and Social Security (now the  Department of Health and Social Care) in the United Kingdom, which was the report of the expert committee into health inequality chaired by Sir Douglas Black. It was demonstrated that although, in general, health had improved since the introduction of the welfare state, there were widespread health inequalities. It also found that the main cause of these inequalities was economic inequality. The report showed that the death rate for men in social class V was twice that for men in social class I and that gap between the two was increasing, not reducing as was expected.

Michael Marmot
Sir Michael Gideon Marmot (born 26 January 1945) is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London. He is currently the Director of The UCL Institute of Health Equity. Marmot has led research groups on health inequalities for over thirty years, working for various international and governmental bodies.
In 2023, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

He has won several awards including 2012 Lifetime Award Fellowship Eur Academy of Occupational Health Psychology, 2012 Patron of Medsin-UK, 2010 Manchester Doubleday Award, and 2004 Alwyn Smith Prize Medal.