hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reboot
In computing, rebooting is the process by which a running computer system is restarted, either intentionally or unintentionally. Reboots can be either  a cold reboot (alternatively known as a hard reboot) in which the power to the system is physically turned off and back on again (causing an initial boot of the machine); or a warm reboot (or soft reboot) in which the system restarts while still powered up. The term restart (as a system command) is used to refer to a reboot when the operating system closes all programs and finalizes all pending input and output operations before initiating a soft reboot.

Hibernation (computing)
Hibernation (also known as suspend to disk, or Safe Sleep on Macintosh computers) in computing is powering down a computer while retaining its state. When hibernation begins, the computer saves the contents of its random access memory (RAM) to a hard disk or other non-volatile storage. When the computer is turned on the RAM is restored and the computer is exactly as it was before entering hibernation.  Hibernation was first implemented in 1992 and patented by Compaq Computer Corporation in Houston, Texas.

Microsoft's Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11 employ a type of hibernation (Fast Startup) by default when shutting down.
Foundation for Attraction Research
The Foundation for Attraction Research (FAR) was a Utah-based research and publishing institute with the goal of providing literature and conducting research supportive of religious teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) on homosexuality, including asserting that sexual orientation change efforts were effective. One of the founders, A. Dean Byrd, was also in leadership of the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH). FAR published a guidebook for therapists in 2009, and the LDS Church's counseling organization LDS Family Services held a conference based on the book in 2011.: 192  The book advised homosexual readers to seek reparative therapy through Evergreen International and LDS Family Services.: 192

Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity
The Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity (ATCSI), also known as the NARTH Institute, is a United States organization that promotes conversion therapy, a pseudoscientific practice used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of people with same-sex attraction.  ATCSI's promotion of conversion therapy as a scientifically supported therapeutic method is contradicted by overwhelming scientific consensus. ATCSI has not been recognized by any major United States–based professional association. No schools, universities or professional programs currently train its counselors in reparative therapy.

ATCSI was founded in 1992 by Joseph Nicolosi, Benjamin Kaufman, and  Charles Socarides. Until 2014, it was known as the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality, and its headquarters were in Encino, California, at its Thomas Aquinas Psychological Clinic.
2013 STP Gas Booster 500
The 2013 STP Gas Booster 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on April 7, 2013, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia, United States. Contested over 500 laps on the 0.526-mile (0.847 km) oval, it was the sixth race of the 2013 Sprint Cup Series championship. Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports won the race, his record eighth win at the track, and second win of the season, while Clint Bowyer finished second. Jeff Gordon, Kasey Kahne and Kyle Busch rounded out the top five.

This is the first NASCAR race since 2005 UAW Ford 500 without 4-time Martinsville winner Denny Hamlin.

Cook Out 400 (Martinsville)
The Cook Out 400 is an annual NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at the 0.526-mile (0.847 km) Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia. It is the first of two Cup Series races at the track, the other one being the Xfinity 500 in the NASCAR playoffs.

The race was previously 500 laps in length before it was shortened to 400 laps starting in 2022.

Unlike other races which the winner receives a trophy, the winner of this race and other NASCAR races at Martinsville receives a grandfather clock, which has been a tradition since 1964.
2020 Cupa României final
The 2020 Cupa României final is the final match of the 2019–20 Cupa României and the 82nd final of the Cupa României, Romania's premier football cup competition. It was played on 22 July 2020 between Sepsi Sfântu Gheorghe and FCSB.

Sepsi  reached their first cup final in the club's existence. The club from Sfântu Gheorghe was founded in 2011, this being the biggest achievement in their 9 years of club history. On the other hand, FCSB were playing their 32nd Cupa României final, having won the trophy 22 times.

The winner qualified for the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League. They also earned the right to play against 2019–20 Liga I champions for the 2020 Supercupa României.

FCSB won the game thanks to a goal scored by Dennis Man in the 65th minute.

The game was hosted by the Ilie Oană Stadium in Ploiești. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the game was played behind closed doors.

Ilie Oană Stadium
The Ilie Oană Stadium (Romanian: Stadionul Ilie Oană) is a football stadium in Ploiești, Romania. It has been the home ground of Petrolul Ploiești since its inauguration in September 2011, and has a capacity of 15,073 spectators. The stadium was built on the site of the former arena, which was completed in 1937 and demolished in 2010.

Being ranked as a UEFA Category 4 stadium, Ilie Oană can host Europa League semi-finals and Champions League group stage matches. The stadium is named after Ilie Oană, a legendary player and coach of Petrolul Ploiești.
Petrie Bight Retaining Wall
Petrie Bight Retaining Wall is a heritage-listed embankment at 443–501 Queen Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1881 to 1882 by Henry Patten. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Brisbane central business district
The Brisbane central business district (CBD), officially Brisbane City, is the central suburb and central business district of Brisbane, the state capital of  Queensland, Australia. It is also colloquially referred to as the "CBD", "the city", or simply "town". The CBD is located on a point on the northern bank of the Brisbane River, historically known as Meanjin, Mianjin  or Meeanjin in the local Yuggera dialect. The triangular-shaped peninsula is bounded by the median of the Brisbane River to the east, south and west. The point, known at its tip as Gardens Point, slopes upward to the north-west where the city is bounded by parkland and the inner city suburb of Spring Hill to the north. The CBD is bounded to the north-east by the suburb of Fortitude Valley. To the west the CBD is bounded by Milton, Petrie Terrace, and Kelvin Grove.

In the 2021 census, the suburb of Brisbane City had a population of 12,587 people.
Saturn V-A
Saturn V-A was a proposed American orbital launch vehicle. It was studied by Marshall Space Flight Center in 1968. the Saturn V-A was identical to the Saturn INT-20, except it consisted of an ordinary S-IC first stage and S-IVB second stage.: 1102  For deep-space missions, a Centaur third stage could also have been used.

Saturn INT-20
The Saturn INT-20 was a proposed intermediate-payload follow-on from the Apollo Saturn V launch vehicle. A conical-form interstage would be fitted on top of the S-IC stage to support the S-IVB stage, so it could be considered either a retrofitted Saturn IB with a more powerful first stage, or a stubby, cut-down Saturn V without the S-II second stage.

Three variants were studied, one with three F-1 engines in the first stage, one with four, and one with five.
Aprostocetus
Aprostocetus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. The genus was erected by John O. Westwood in 1833. This very large group (about 800 described species) of parasitoid wasps has a global distribution.

Gall wasp
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, or cynipids, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of cynipids are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Diplolepididae were traditionally included within the Cynipidae but have since been designated as their own family after some more recent phylogenetic studies.
Chris John (boxer)
Yohannes Christian "Chris" John (born 14 September 1979) is an Indonesian former professional boxer who competed from 1998 to 2013. He held the World Boxing Association (WBA) featherweight title from 2004 to 2009, then held the (Super version) from 2009 to 2013, with his near decade-long reign being the second longest in the division's history (after Johnny Kilbane). During his reign, John defended the title against 16 boxers, the second most in featherweight history (after Eusebio Pedroza).

Chris "The Dragon" John is the fourth Indonesian boxer to win a world title, following Ellyas Pical, Nico Thomas and Muhammad Rachman. In 2013, John announced his retirement from boxing, following his only career defeat to Simpiwe Vetyeka.

Ellyas Pical
Ellyas Pical (born 24 March 1960) is an Indonesian former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2000. He is the first Indonesian to hold a world boxing title, having held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) super flyweight title three-times between 1985 to 1989.
Van Wijngaarden grammar
In computer science, a Van Wijngaarden grammar (also vW-grammar or W-grammar) is a formalism for defining formal languages. The name derives from the formalism invented by Adriaan van Wijngaarden
for the purpose of defining the ALGOL 68 programming language.
The resulting specification remains its most notable application.

Van Wijngaarden grammars address the problem that context-free grammars cannot express agreement or reference, where two different parts of the sentence must agree with each other in some way. For example, the sentence "The birds was eating" is not Standard English because it fails to agree on number. A context-free grammar would parse "The birds was eating" and "The birds were eating" and "The bird was eating" in the same way. However, context-free grammars have the benefit of simplicity whereas van Wijngaarden grammars are considered highly complex.

Undecidable problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer. The halting problem is an example: it can be proven that there is no algorithm that correctly determines whether an arbitrary program eventually halts when run.
Henri, Count of Chambord
Henri, Count of Chambord and Duke of Bordeaux (French: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883), was the Legitimist pretender to the throne of France as Henri V from 1844 until his death in 1883.

Henri was the only son of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, born after his father's death, by his wife, Princess Carolina of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies. The Duke himself was the younger son of Charles X. As the grandson of Charles X, Henri was a Petit-Fils de France. He was the last-surviving legitimate descendant of Louis XV in the male line.

Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Francis I of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe Saverio Giovanni Battista;  19 August 1777 –  8 November 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1806 to 1814.
Rhode Island Department of Public Safety
The Rhode Island Department of Public Safety is one of the newest departments in Rhode Island's entire government. Composed of the Rhode Island State Police, the Division of the Rhode Island State Fire Marshal, the Rhode Island Municipal Police Training Academy, the E 9-1-1 Uniform Emergency Telephone System, the Rhode Island Capitol Police, the Rhode Island Division of Sheriffs, the Department of Public Safety Central Management Office, and the Public Safety Grants Administration Office. The department is responsible for the administration of all police and public safety affairs for the State.

Formed in 2008, the holder of the Office of the Commissioner is also the Superintendent of the Rhode Island State Police. The Inaugural Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety was Colonel Brendan Doherty. The Current Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety is Colonel Darnell S. Weaver, of the Rhode Island State Police.

Rhode Island State Police
The Rhode Island State Police (RISP) is an agency of the US state of Rhode Island responsible for statewide law enforcement and regulation, especially in areas underserved by local police agencies and on the state's limited-access highways. Its headquarters is in North Scituate (a village of Scituate).
Kunshan dialect
The Kunshan dialect, or Kunshanese, is the Chinese variety traditionally spoken in the county of Kunshan, Suzhou prefecture. It is classified as a Northern Wu variety closely related to nearby Suzhounese and Shanghainese. Like other Northern Wu varieties, it has a large phonemic vowel inventory and voiced initials as described in the Qieyun System.

As a Northern Wu variety, Kunshanese is mutually intelligible with other Northern Wu varieties, as well as Taizhounese, but not with more distantly related lects such as Cantonese, Standard Mandarin, or even Wenzhounese, another Wu Chinese variety. Note that Kunshan Opera is not performed in Kunshanese, unlike that of nearby Shaoxing; Zhongzhouyun, a Mandarinic rime system, is used instead.

Taihu Wu
Taihu Wu (吳語太湖片) or Northern Wu (北部吳語) is a Wu Chinese language spoken in much of the southern part of the province of Jiangsu, including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, the southern part of Nantong, Jingjiang and Danyang; the municipality of Shanghai; and the northern part of Zhejiang province, including Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, and Jiaxing. A notable exception is the dialect of the town of Jinxiang, which is a linguistic exclave of Taihu Wu in Zhenan Min-speaking Cangnan county of Wenzhou prefecture in Zhejiang province. Speakers in regions around Taihu Lake and Hangzhou Bay, are the largest population among all Wu speakers. Taihu Wu dialects such as Shanghainese, Shaoxing and Ningbo are mutually intelligible even for L2 Taihu speakers.
Riigikogu electoral district no. 2
Electoral district no. 2 (Estonian: Valimisringkond nr 2) is one of the 12 multi-member electoral districts of the Riigikogu, the national legislature of Estonia. The electoral district was established in 1995 following the re-organisation of the electoral districts in Tallinn. It is conterminous with the districts of Kesklinn, Lasnamäe and Pirita in Tallinn. The district currently elects 13 of the 101 members of the Riigikogu using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 parliamentary election it had 111,135 registered electors.

Keit Pentus-Rosimannus
Keit Pentus-Rosimannus (born 3 March 1976) is an Estonian politician who served as Minister of Finance in the government of Prime Minister Kaja Kallas between 26 January 2021 and 19 October 2022. She is also the vice-chairwoman of the biggest parliament party Reform Party and former chairwoman of its parliamentary faction.

Pentus-Rosimannus previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2014 to 2015 and as Minister of the Environment from 2011 to 2014.
Kepler-167
Kepler-167 is a K-type main-sequence star located about 1,119 light-years (343 pc) away from the Solar System in the constellation of Cygnus. The star has about 78% the mass and 75% the radius of the Sun, and a temperature of 4,884 K (4,611 °C; 8,332 °F). It hosts a system of four known exoplanets. There is also a companion red dwarf star at a separation of about 700 AU, with an estimated orbital period of over 15,000 years.

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.
Stele of Quintus Aemilius Secundus
The Stele of Quintus Aemilius Secundus is a first-century Roman tombstone bearing a notable funerary inscription. It records how the dedicatee served in Roman Syria under Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, who was governor of Syria at the time, and there oversaw a census in the town of Apamea.

Apamea, Syria
Apamea  (Greek: Ἀπάμεια, Apameia; Arabic: أفامية, romanized: afāmiyah), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital of Apamene under the Macedonians, became the capital and Metropolitan Archbishopric of late Roman province Syria Secunda, again in the crusader period.

Amongst the impressive ancient remains, the site includes the Great Colonnade which ran for nearly 2 km (1.2 mi) making it among the longest in the Roman world and the Roman Theatre, one of the largest surviving theatres of the Roman Empire with an estimated seating capacity in excess of 20,000.

The site lies on the edge of the modern town of Qalaat al-Madiq, about 55 km (34 mi) to the northwest of Hama, Syria, overlooking the Ghab valley.
Garware College metro station
Garware College is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Aqua Line of Pune Metro in Pune, India. The station was opened on 6 March 2022 as an inauguration of Pune Metro and was the first to be completed. From March 2022 to August 2023, the Aqua Line was operational between Vanaz and Garware College. The extended section between Garware College to Ruby Hall Clinic was inaugurated on 1 August 2023. So the metro operated from Vanaz to Ruby Hall Clinic. Later the remaining stretch was completed and the line operates till Ramwadi from 6 March 2024.

Ramwadi metro station
Ramwadi is the elevated eastern terminal metro station on the East - West corridor of the Aqua Line of Pune Metro in Pune, India. It is connected to Rainbow Bus Rapid Transit System. The station was opened on 6 March 2024 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I. Aqua Line operates between Vanaz and Ramwadi stations.

Along with the opening of this station, the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited had inaugurated AC bus feeder service from Ramwadi to Pune Airport. The bus no. 19 ran on two routes at an interval of 25 minutes, the fare for which was ₹5 to ₹10 depending upon the distance. However, the operations of this shuttle bus were shifted to Yerwada metro station, after the latter was inaugurated on 21 August 2024. Another AC bus feeder service connecting Ramwadi to Kharadi was launched in June 2024. This bus travels a distance of 7km and runs at an interval of 30 minutes, covering around 20 stops on the route.
Pacho Formation
The Pacho Formation (Spanish: Limolitas de Pacho, Kslp) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of alternating siltstones and shales with siderite concretions dates to the Middle Cretaceous period; Late Albian to Cenomanian epochs and has an approximate thickness of 1,050 metres (3,440 ft).

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
Linda Aguilar
Linda Aguilar is a Chumash artist who was born in 1946 in Santa Barbara, California. Linda is known for her horsehair baskets which are "decorated with shells, beads, and other found materials such as vintage bingo tiles, miniature dice, playing cards, abalone buttons, and clam shell disks." She was inspired to make horsehair baskets when she visited a museum in Pasadena, California. She uses "non-traditional" materials in her baskets while still approaches basket making with tradition. She has shown her work at the Smithsonian, the Denver Art Museum, Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, The Stagecoach Museum at Newbury Park, CA, and California Academy of Science.

Chumash people
The Chumash are a Native American people of the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now Kern, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south to Mount Pinos in the east. Their territory includes three of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa was likely inhabited seasonally due to the lack of a consistent water source.

Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, Nipomo, Lompoc, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, Port Hueneme, Piru, Lake Castaic, Saticoy, Simi Valley, and Somis. Archaeological research shows that the Chumash people have deep roots in the Santa Barbara Channel area and have lived along the southern California coast for millennia.
2025 Lincolnshire County Council election
The 2025 Lincolnshire County Council election was held on 1 May 2025 to elect members to Lincolnshire County Council in Lincolnshire, England. All 70 seats were up for election. This was on the same day as other local elections including the inaugural 2025 Greater Lincolnshire mayoral election. The council was under Conservative majority control prior to the election. Reform UK won a majority of the seats on the council at the election.

2025 Greater Lincolnshire mayoral election
The 2025 Greater Lincolnshire mayoral election was held on 1 May 2025 to elect the inaugural mayor of Greater Lincolnshire, on the same day as other local elections across the country.

Andrea Jenkyns of Reform UK won the election with 42% of the vote, from a turnout of 29.9%.
Wyvern Light Car
Wyvern Light Car Co.Ltd. was a British automobile manufacturer which traded from 1913–1914 in Twickenham, then in Middlesex (now a part of London). The cyclecar was powered by a four-cylinder, in-line, 10.53 hp. Chapuis-Dornier engine driving the rear wheels.

Cyclecar
A cyclecar was a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive motorized car manufactured in Europe and the United States between 1910 and the early 1920s. The purpose of cyclecars was to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the car. It could accommodate only two passengers, often sitting in tandem.

The demise of cyclecars was due to larger cars – such as the Citroën Type C, Austin 7 and Morris Cowley – becoming more affordable. Small, inexpensive vehicles reappeared after World War II, and were known as microcars.
Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)
Colonel Alexander Abercromby, CB (4 March 1784 – 27 August 1853) was a senior British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars.  He also served for a short time as a Member of Parliament for Clackmannanshire.

Order of Saint George (Russia)
The Order of Saint George (Russian: Орден Святого Георгия, romanized: Orden Svyatogo Georgiya) is the highest military decoration of the Russian Federation. It was originally established on 26 November 1769 Julian (7 December 1769 Gregorian) as the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire for commissioned officers and generals by Empress Catherine the Great. After the October Revolution in 1917, it was awarded by the White movement under Alexander Kolchak until their collapse in 1921. The order was revived in the Russian Federation on 20 March 1992 by Decree No.1463 of the President of Russia. The current award criteria were amended on 7 September 2010 by Presidential Decree 1099.