hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raymond Albert Wheeler
Raymond Albert Wheeler (31 July 1885 – 9 February 1974) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army Corps of Engineers and an engineer of international recognition. He fought in both World Wars, at the Marne in World War I, where he earned a Silver Star, and in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II, where he personally accepted the Japanese surrender in Singapore. During and after the war he held key roles in major engineering projects of the 20th century, to include construction of the Ledo Road, St. Lawrence Seaway, and Missouri Basin Program, the clearing of the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis, and the construction of tens of thousands of miles of rail and highway through Iraq and Iran during the development of Allied supply lines from Europe to Russia during World War II.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Horatius Cocles
Publius Horatius Cocles (/hɒˈreɪʃɪəs ˈkəʊkliːz/) was an officer in the army of the early Roman Republic who famously defended the Pons Sublicius from the invading army of the Etruscan king Lars Porsena of Clusium in the late sixth century BC, during the war between Rome and Clusium. By defending the narrow bridge, he and his companions were able to hold off the attacking army long enough to allow other Romans to destroy the bridge behind him, blocking the Etruscans' advance and saving the city.

Florus
Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, the Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all). As to whether these were composed by the same person, or set of people, is unclear, but the works are variously attributed to:

Publius Annius Florus, described as a Roman poet and rhetorician.

Julius Florus, described as an ancient Roman poet, orator, and author who was born around 74 AD and died around 130 AD Florus was born in Africa, but raised in Rome.

Lucius Annaeus Florus (circa 74 – 130 AD), a Roman historian, who lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian and was also born in Africa.
Michael Karpovich
Mikhail Mikhailovich Karpovich (Russian: Михаил Михайлович Карпович; August 3, 1888 – November 7, 1959), known in English as Michael Karpovich, was a Russian and American historian of Russia and one of the fathers of Slavic studies in the United States.

William Henry Chamberlin
William Henry Chamberlin (February 17, 1897 – September 12, 1969) was an American historian and journalist. He was the author of several books about the Cold War, communism, and foreign policy, including The Russian Revolution 1917-1921 (1935), which was written in Russia between 1922 and 1934 while he was the Moscow correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor.

He had communist views until he lived in the Soviet Union, when he gradually turned anticommunist. He predicted that intervention in World War II would help communism in Europe and in Asia, which led him to be a non-interventionist.
John J. McCloy
John Jay McCloy (March 31, 1895 – March 11, 1989) was an American lawyer, diplomat, banker, and high-ranking bureaucrat. He served as Assistant Secretary of War during World War II under Henry Stimson. In this capacity he dealt with German sabotage and political tensions in the North Africa Campaign. He was the prime mover of Japanese internment, as well as a high-ranking Federal bureaucrat who opposed the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

After the war, he served as the president of the World Bank, U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a member of the Warren Commission, and a prominent adviser to all presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan. McCloy was one of a group of important foreign policy advisers whose activities are detailed in the 1986 book The Wise Men, by Walter Isaacson and Evan Thomas, who describe McCloy as "the most influential private citizen in the United States".

Kai Bird
Kai Bird (born September 2, 1951) is an American author and columnist, best known for his works on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, United States-Middle East political relations, and his biographies of political figures. He won a Pulitzer Prize for American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer.
NS Puppis
NS Puppis (NS Pup) is an irregular variable star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude varies between 4.4 and 4.5.

NS Puppis is a naked eye star, given the h1 and the Bright Star Catalogue number 3225. It was considered to be a stable star until 1966.  It was given the variable star designation NS Puppis in 1975.

h2 Puppis is another luminous K-type star with almost the same visual magnitude about a degree to the southeast.

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
Wagener Stadium
Wagener Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands.  It is currently used mostly for field hockey matches and hosted matches for the 1973 World Hockey Cup.  The stadium holds 7,600 people.

The complex has belonged to the Dutch Hockey Association ("Koninklijke Nederlandse Hockey Bond") since 1980.

Its location is the Amsterdamse Bos in Amstelveen. It was built by the Amsterdam Hockey & Bandy Club to honour its president, Joop Wagener (1881–1945). The building was completed in 1938, two years before World War II came to Netherlands.

During the 1970s it became clear that AHBC could no longer afford the stadium, which was eventually sold to the Koninklijke Nederlandse Hockey Bond. AHBC still has the first right to play in the stadium.

In the past, the stadium has hosted the following major tournaments:

Hockey World Cup in 1973, 2022

EuroHockey Nations Championship in 1983, 2009, 2017

Champions Trophy in 1982, 1987, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006 and 2011

Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club
Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club (founded 28 January 1892) is the oldest professional field hockey club of the Netherlands, based in Amstelveen. AH&BC is also the largest field hockey club in the city.

The team is a powerhouse of both domestic and international hockey. Both its men's and women's teams are annual contenders for the Dutch national titles. The men's team won its maiden European Cup in 2005.

Originally, the club also played bandy, as is still reflected in the club's name.
2004 Minnesota Twins season
The 2004 Minnesota Twins season was the 104th season in the franchise's history and its 44th season in the Twin Cities. The Twins were managed by Ron Gardenhire and played in the Metrodome.

The Twins finished with a 92–70 record and won the American League Central. They advanced to the ALDS, but they lost the series to the New York Yankees in four games. It was the second year in a row in which the Yankees eliminated the Twins in the ALDS.

Twins pitcher Johan Santana won the 2004 Cy Young Award on a unanimous vote.

Johan Santana
Johan Alexander Santana Araque (/ˈjoʊhɑːn/; born March 13, 1979) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball starting pitcher. Santana pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins from 2000 to 2007 and for the New York Mets from 2008 to 2012. A two-time Cy Young Award winner with the Twins, Santana is a four-time All-Star and earned a pitching triple crown in 2006. On June 1, 2012, Santana pitched the first no-hitter in New York Mets history against the St. Louis Cardinals.
Muskwa Ranges
The Muskwa Ranges are a group of mountain ranges in northern British Columbia, Canada.  They are part of the Northern Rockies section of the Rocky Mountains and are bounded on their west by the Rocky Mountain Trench and on their east by the Rocky Mountain Foothills.  They are delimited on the north by the Liard River and on the south by the Peace Reach of the Lake Williston reservoir (formerly the Peace River), south of which the next major grouping of the Rockies is the Hart Ranges.

The Muskwa Ranges cover a surface of 97,388 square kilometres (37,602 mi2) and stretch for 424 kilometres (263 mi) from north to south.

Rocky Mountain Foothills
The Rocky Mountain Foothills are an upland area flanking the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, extending from the Liard River in British Columbia southward into Alberta.  Bordering the Interior Plains system, they are part of the Rocky Mountain System or Eastern System of the Western Cordillera of North America.
East Pascagoula River Light
The East Pascagoula River Light was a lighthouse in Pascagoula, Mississippi. A house with a lantern on top, it was first lit in 1854 but was extinguished in the Civil War and was not relit until 1868. It was destroyed in the 1906 Mississippi hurricane and was never rebuilt.

Pascagoula, Mississippi
Pascagoula (/pæskəɡulə/ PASS-kuh-GOOL-uh) is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is the principal city of the Pascagoula metropolitan area, and is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula combined statistical area and the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. Its population was 22,010 at the 2020 census, down from 22,392 at the 2010 census and 26,200 at the 2000 census.

The city is served by three airports: Mobile Regional Airport, 34 miles (55 km) to the northeast in Alabama; Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport, about 40 miles (64 km) west of Pascagoula; and the Trent Lott International Airport, 9 miles (14 km) to the north in Jackson County. Amtrak service also began serving the city when the Mardi Gras Service debuted on August 18, 2025.
Bobota, Sălaj
Bobota (Hungarian: Nagyderzsida) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Bobota, Derșida (Kisderzsida), and Zalnoc (Zálnok).

The commune is located in the northwestern part of Sălaj County, 23 km (14 mi) from Șimleu Silvaniei and 35 km (22 mi) from the county seat, Zalău, on the border with Satu Mare County.

Zalău
Zalău (Romanian pronunciation: [zaˈləw], unofficial and former official name: Romanian: Zălau (Romanian pronunciation: [zalˈəw]; German: Zillenmarkt or Waltenberg, Hungarian: Zilah, Turkish: Zile) is the seat of Sălaj County, Romania. In 2021, its estimated population was 52,359.
Fungiculture
Fungiculture is the cultivation of fungi such as mushrooms. Cultivating fungi can yield foods (which include mostly mushrooms), medicine, construction materials and other products. A mushroom farm is involved in the business of growing fungi.

The word is also commonly used to refer to the practice of cultivation of fungi by animals such as leafcutter ants, termites, ambrosia beetles, and marsh periwinkles.

Leafcutter ant
Leafcutter ants are fungus-growing ants that share the behaviour of cutting leaves which they carry back to their nests to farm fungus. Next to humans, leafcutter ants form some of the largest and most complex animal societies on Earth. In a few years, the central mound of their underground nests can grow to more than 30 m (98 ft) across, with smaller radiating mounds extending out to a radius of 80 m (260 ft), taking up 30 to 600 m2 (320 to 6,460 sq ft) and occupied by 3.55 million individuals.
Alikovskoye Rural Settlement
Alikovskoye Rural Settlement (Russian: А́ликовское се́льское поселе́ние; Chuvash: Элӗк ял тăрăхĕ, Elĕk jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Alikovo. Rural settlement's population: 4,291 (2006 est.).

Alikovskoye Rural Settlement comprises ten rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetai highways cross the territory of the rural settlement.

Alikovo, Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic
Alikovo (Russian: А́ликово; Chuvash: Элӗк, Elĕk) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located 67 kilometers (42 mi) south of Cheboksary, on the Cheboksary—Krasnye Chetai and Cheboksary—Yadrin auto routes. Population:  2,653 (2010 Census); 2,914 (2002 Census); 2,689 (1989 Soviet census). The majority of the population is Chuvash.
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae, the Mesa Verde cactus or Mesa Verde fishhook cactus, is a species of cactus native to northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado. It is known only from Montezuma County (Colorado) and San Juan County (New Mexico). Much of the New Mexico part of the range lies inside land controlled by the Navajo Nation. The Colorado populations lie close to Mesa Verde National Park.

Montezuma County, Colorado
Montezuma County is a county located in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,849. The county seat is Cortez. Montezuma County contains many archaeologically significant Amerindian structures, which notably can be found in Mesa Verde National Park, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, Yucca House National Monument, and Hovenweep National Monument. Montezuma County is also home to most of the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation, home of the Weeminuche Band of the Ute Nation, known as the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, with its headquarters at Towaoc.
2020 Vidarbha floods
The 2020 Vidarbha Floods were a series of flooding events that occurred in the Vidarbha region of Indian State of Maharashtra in 2020. The floods affected the districts of Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli and Gondia. Over 92,000 people were affected in the region.

Gondia district
Gondia district (also known as Gondiya, Marathi pronunciation: [ɡon̪d̪iaː]) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. The district headquarters are located at Gondia. The district occupies an area of 5,234 km2 (2,021 sq mi) and has a population of 1,322,507, of which 17.08% were urban (as of 2011). Gondia district is located north eastern part of Maharashtra.

The district is part of the Nagpur Division. It is colloquially known as the "Rice City" due to its abundant rice production. Gondia is also known for the Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve, a major wildlife sanctuary in the Vidarbha region.
Cyclone Waste Heat Engine
The Cyclone Waste Heat Engine (WHE) is a small steam engine developed to produce power from steam created from waste heat.  It is an offshoot of the development of the Cyclone Mark V Engine by the company Cyclone Power Technologies of Pompano Beach, Florida.  The original versions were designed by inventor Harry Schoell, founder of Cyclone Power Technologies and the later versions have been designed by the Ohio State University Center for Automotive Research (OSU-CAR).

In July 2014, Cyclone Power Technologies separated its waste heat engine product into the separate WHE Generation Corporation, which does business under the trade name Q2Power, Inc., of Lancaster, Ohio.

Connecting rod
A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most common form, in an internal combustion engine, it  allows pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.

The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanic linkage used by water mills to convert rotating motion of the water wheel into reciprocating motion.

The most common usage of connecting rods is in internal combustion engines or on steam engines.
Georgia Legislative Black Caucus
The Georgia Legislative Black Caucus is the caucus of African-American members of the Georgia General Assembly. It was established in 1975, and is currently the largest caucus of black state legislators in the country in terms of members. Members have included Julian Bond who opposed the Vietnam War.

Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directly elected by constituents of their district. The Constitution of Georgia vests all legislative power with the General Assembly. Both houses have similar powers, though each has unique duties as well. For example, the origination of appropriations bills only occurs in the House, while the Senate is tasked with confirmation of the governor's appointments.

The General Assembly meets in the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta.
The Tiger and Her Wings
The Tiger and Her Wings (虎に翼, Tora ni Tsubasa) is a Japanese television drama series and the 110th Asadora series, following Boogie Woogie. The drama is modeled after one of Japan's first female lawyers, Yoshiko Mibuchi, but it is produced as fiction and is an original drama work.

Boogie Woogie (Japanese TV series)
Boogie Woogie (Japanese: ブギウギ, Hepburn: Bugi Ugi) is a Japanese television drama series and the 109th Asadora series, following Ranman. It premiered on October 2, 2023 and concluded on March 29, 2024. The drama is modeled after the Japanese singer and actress Shizuko Kasagi, but it is produced as fiction and is an original drama work.
Legged robot
Legged robots are a type of mobile robot which use articulated limbs, such as leg mechanisms, to provide locomotion. They are more versatile than wheeled robots and can traverse many different terrains, though these advantages require increased complexity and power consumption. Legged robots often imitate legged animals, such as humans or insects, in an example of biomimicry.

Quadrupedalism
Quadrupedalism is a form of locomotion in which animals have four legs that are used to bear weight and move around. An animal or machine that usually maintains a four-legged posture and moves using all four legs is said to be a quadruped (from Latin quattuor for "four", and pes, pedis for "foot"). Quadruped animals are found among both vertebrates and invertebrates.
JustChange
JustChange is a local giving circle of philanthropists that provides small grants for "initiatives proposed by individuals or organizations that produce positive outcomes for the community whether from a social, environmental or economic (equity and equality) perspective." JustChange uses a board crowd-funding model and awards $1,000 grant bimonthly to a project and person.

Grant (money)
A grant is a fund given by a person or organization, often a public body, charitable foundation, a specialised grant-making institution, or in some cases a business with a corporate social responsibility mission, to an individual or another entity, usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local government body, for a specific purpose linked to public benefit. A funding agreement is often used to reflect the funding and funded parties' understanding of the purpose for which the grant has been given. Unlike loans, grants are not intended to be paid back. Examples include student grants, research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch, and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union.
Maydaa
Maydaa (Arabic: ميدعا) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Douma District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located east of Damascus. Nearby localities include Adra to the north, al-Jarba to the south and Hawsh Nasri to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maydaa had a population of 3,108 in the 2004 census.

Hawsh Nasri
Hawsh Nasri (Arabic: حوش نصري; also spelled Hosh Nasri)  is a Syrian village located in Markaz Rif Dimashq, Rif Dimashq to the northwest of the Al-Nashabiyah nahiyah ("subdistrict"). According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hawsh Nasri had a population of 2,459 in the 2004 census.
Congo red
Congo red is an organic compound, the sodium salt of 3,3′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid). It is an azo dye. Congo red is water-soluble, yielding a red colloidal solution; its solubility is greater in organic solvents.  The use of Congo red in the textile industry has long been abandoned, primarily because of its carcinogenic properties, but it is still used for histological staining.

Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles,  leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.
David Mumford
David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. He is currently a University Professor Emeritus in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University.

Glossary of algebraic geometry
This is a glossary of algebraic geometry.

See also glossary of commutative algebra, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, and glossary of ring theory. For the number-theoretic applications, see glossary of arithmetic and Diophantine geometry.

For simplicity, a reference to the base scheme is often omitted; i.e., a scheme will be a scheme over some fixed base scheme S and a morphism an S-morphism.
Area codes 613, 343, and 753
Area codes 613, 343, and 753 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada. Area code 613 is one of the 86 original North American area codes assigned in October 1947. Area codes 343 and 753 were assigned to the numbering plan area in an overlay activated in 2010 and 2022, respectively.

Laurentian Hills
Laurentian Hills is a municipality in Eastern Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River in Renfrew County. It surrounds (by land) Deep River on the Ontario side of the river. The municipality was formed on January 1, 2000, when the United Townships of Rolph, Buchanan, Wylie and McKay and the Village of Chalk River were merged.

The town was home to the Nuclear Power Demonstration nuclear power plant. The prototype nuclear power plant was operational from 1962 to 1987 and has since then been shut down, awaiting permanent disposal of its radioactive nuclear components.