hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melbourne Art Trams
The Melbourne Art Trams is a major public art project in Melbourne, Australia. It is a revival and re-imagining of the Transporting Art project which ran from 1978 to 1993 and saw 36 painted W-class trams rolled out across the Melbourne network.

Melbourne Festival reinvigorated the project in 2013 with an annual expression of interest process from Victorian-based artists. Seven professional and one emerging artist are commissioned each year, with their artwork digitally printed on vinyl and applied to modern trams. The eight designs are released onto the network each October as part of Melbourne Festival's visual art program.

In 2017, one design celebrated the 20 year anniversary of the shared history of tram workers and decorated trams in Melbourne and Kolkata, India. In 2018, the project was renewed for three years.

The project is funded by Melbourne Festival, Creative Victoria, Public Transport Victoria and Yarra Trams.

Yarra Trams
Yarra Trams is the trading name of the operator of the tram network in Melbourne, Australia, which is owned by VicTrack and leased to Yarra Trams by the Victorian Department of Transport and Planning. Since December 2024, the current franchise is operated by Yarra Journey Makers, a joint venture of Transdev and John Holland.

As at May 2014, Yarra Trams operated 487 trams, across 26 tram routes, including a free City Circle tourist tram, and over 1,763 tram stops. With 250 km (155.3 mi) of double track, Melbourne's tram network is the largest in the world. In 2015/16, 203.8 million journeys were taken on Melbourne's trams, with trams traveling more than 24.8 million kilometres (15.4 million miles) annually. Each week Yarra Trams operates 31,400 scheduled tram services, which results in trams operating for approximately 20 hours per day and a team of 24-hour operations staff completing network maintenance and cleaning.
Joseph Cuffari
Joseph Vincent Cuffari (born 1959) is an American government administrator who has been the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security since 2019.

He previously held positions in the Air Force Office of Special Investigations and Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General. Cuffari was also a policy advisor to Arizona Governors Jan Brewer and Doug Ducey.

An appointee of President Donald Trump, Cuffari was found in October 2024 by an independent panel of watchdogs to have committed misconduct during his tenure as inspector general of the DHS, including misleading the Senate during his nomination process. When Trump became president again in January 2025, he fired a large number of inspectors general, but kept Cuffari in office.

Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency
The Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE) is an independent entity within the executive branch of the federal government of the United States established in October 2008 by the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008.

The council addresses integrity, economy, and effectiveness issues that transcend individual government agencies; and increase the professionalism and effectiveness of personnel by developing policies, technical standards, and approaches to aid in the establishment of a well-trained and highly skilled workforce in the Office of Inspector General.
FC Würzburger Kickers
Fußball-Club Würzburger Kickers e.V. is a German association football club playing in Würzburg, Bavaria. In pre-World War II football, the club competed briefly at the highest level in the Bezirksliga Bayern, and during the war, in the Gauliga Bayern. Post-war, it made a single appearance in professional football in the southern division of the 2. Bundesliga in 1977–78. After a long stint in amateur football, dropping as low as the seventh tier, the club began a recovery. The Kickers reached professional football again in 2014–15 after winning promotion to the 3. Liga and the following season were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga.

Regionalliga
A Regionalliga (German pronunciation: [ʁeɡi̯oˈnaːlˌliːɡa], plural Regionalligen) is a regional league in numerous sports governing bodies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, usually located in the upper or middle tiers of the sports leagues.

The term is often associated with the German football league system where it is the fourth tier or one of the three divisions of Regionalliga in Austria, which represent the third tier in that country. Until 1974, Regionalliga was the second tier in Germany. In 1994, it was reintroduced as the third tier. Upon the creation of the new Germany-wide 3. Liga in 2008, it became the fourth tier. While all of the clubs in the top three divisions of German football are professional, the Regionalliga has a mixture of professional and semi-professional clubs.
Dante (footballer)
Dante Bonfim Costa Santos (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈdɐ̃tʃi bõˈfĩ ˈkɔstɐ ˈsɐ̃tus]; born 18 October 1983), also known as Dante Bonfim or simply Dante, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for and captains Ligue 1 club Nice. Primarily a centre-back, he has previously also been used as a defensive midfielder or left-back.

After emerging at Juventude, Dante went on to play for Lille, Charleroi and Standard Liège, winning the Belgian Pro League with the latter. In January 2009, he was signed by Borussia Mönchengladbach, spending two-and-a-half seasons before making a €4.7 million move to Bayern Munich, where he won nine domestic and international honours.

Dante made his international debut for Brazil in 2013, winning that year's Confederations Cup and representing the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

2012 DFL-Supercup
The 2012 DFL-Supercup was the third DFL-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. It took place on 12 August 2012 at the Allianz Arena. The match featured Borussia Dortmund, winners of both the 2011–12 Bundesliga and 2011–12 DFB-Pokal, and Bayern Munich, runners-up in both the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal.

Bayern Munich won the match 2–1 and captured their then-record fourth title.
Big Time Movie
Big Time Movie (also known as Big Time Rush: The Movie) is a 2012 musical comedy television film based on the Nickelodeon television series, Big Time Rush and the songs of the Beatles, which aired on March 10, 2012, in the United States. It features the members of Big Time Rush (a.k.a. the TV show and the band members) visiting London for their world tour, where they also have to save the world.

Big Time Movie has been viewed by over 13.1 million viewers in the USA, and become the most-watched Nickelodeon original movie in Nickelodeon Latin America.

A second film for Paramount+ is in the early stages of development as of 2025, according to the band.

A Hard Day's Night (song)
"A Hard Day's Night" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Credited to Lennon–McCartney, it was primarily written by John Lennon, with some minor collaboration from Paul McCartney. It was released on the soundtrack album A Hard Day's Night in 1964. It was also released as a single in the UK (with "Things We Said Today" as its B-side), and in the US (with "I Should Have Known Better" as its B-side.)

The song featured prominently in the Beatles' first feature film, A Hard Day's Night (1964). The song topped the charts in both the United Kingdom and United States when it was released as a single. The American and British singles of "A Hard Day's Night", as well as both the American and British albums of the same title, held the top position in their respective charts simultaneously for a couple of weeks in August 1964, the first time any artist had accomplished this feat.
Valley Blue Sox
The Valley Blue Sox are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The team, a member of the New England Collegiate Baseball League, plays its home games at Mackenzie Stadium. The Blue Sox were founded in 2001 as the Concord Quarry Dogs but moved following the 2007 season to Holyoke to fill the void left by the departure of the Holyoke Giants to Lynn, Massachusetts. In 2017, the team won its first NECBL championship against the Ocean State Waves.

Ocean State Waves
The Ocean State Waves are a collegiate summer baseball team based in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States. The team, a member of the New England Collegiate Baseball League, plays its home games at Old Mountain Field in South Kingstown.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on June 14.

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including governor of Maine and United States Senate. The primary elections were held on June 10, 2014.

This election marked the first time since 1994 that Maine elected a Republican into the House of Representatives.
44th Canadian Parliament
The 44th Canadian Parliament was in session from 22 November 2021 to 23 March 2025, with the membership of the House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne was read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day. It was dissolved before the 2025 federal election.

Prorogation in Canada
Prorogation is the end of a parliamentary session in the Parliament of Canada and the parliaments of its provinces and territories.  It differs from a recess or adjournment, which do not end a session; and differs from a complete dissolution of parliament, which ends both the session and the entire parliament, requiring an election for the House of Commons in the bicameral federal parliament and the singular legislative chamber of the unicameral provincial parliaments.

In the Canadian parliamentary system, the legislature is typically prorogued upon the completion of the agenda set forth in the Speech from the Throne and remains in recess until the monarch or governor general, in the federal sphere, or lieutenant governor, in a province, summons parliamentarians. From 2008 to present, prorogation has been the subject of discussion among academics, the Canadian public, and their political representatives.
QTIP Trust
QTIP trust is a type of trust and an estate planning tool used in the United States.  "QTIP" is short for "Qualified Terminable Interest Property."  A QTIP trust is often used in order to take advantage of the marital deduction and still control the ultimate distribution of the assets at the death of the surviving spouse.

Inheritance tax
International tax law distinguishes between an estate tax and an inheritance tax. An inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of a person who has died, whereas an estate tax is a levy on the estate (money and property) of a person who has died. However, this distinction is not always observed; for example, the UK's "inheritance tax" is a tax on the assets of the deceased, and strictly speaking is therefore an estate tax. Inheritance taxes vary widely between countries.
Harry Saltzman: Showman
Harry Saltzman: Showman is a promotional featurette about producer Harry Saltzman, containing interviews with surviving film professionals of the first 9 James Bond production crews as well as with Saltzman's family. Produced by MGM, it is included on DVD releases of that company's From Russia with Love.

Harry Saltzman
Herschel "Harry" Saltzman (/ˈsɔːltsmən/; (1915-10-27)October 27, 1915 – (1994-09-28)September 28, 1994) was a Canadian theatre and film producer. He is best remembered for co-producing the first nine of the James Bond film series with Albert R. Broccoli. Apart from a ten-year stint living in St. Petersburg, Florida, he lived most of his life in Denham, Buckinghamshire, England.
Kanrodai (Japanese new religion)
Kanrodai (Japanese: 甘露台) is a Tenrikyo-based shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) founded by Asano Hiroshi (浅野博) in Setagaya, Tokyo. It started as a splinter religious organization of Ōkanmichi that was founded by Egami Toshitane (江上寿胤) when it was still based in Tokyo. It is one of the smallest Tenrikyo-based religious organizations in Japan today. Due to its general long-term rejection of proselytization, Kanrodai is currently a moribund religious organization. It is not to be confused with the sacred object of reverence, Kanrodai.

Tenrikyo
Tenrikyo (天 理 教, Tenrikyō) is a Japanese new religion which is neither strictly monotheistic nor pantheistic, originating from the teachings of a 19th-century woman named Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as "Oyasama". Followers of Tenrikyo believe that God of Origin, God in Truth, known by several names including "Tsukihi," "Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto" and "Oyagamisama" revealed divine intent through Miki Nakayama as the Shrine of God and to a lesser extent the roles of the Honseki Izo Iburi and other leaders. Tenrikyo's worldly aim is to teach and promote the Joyous Life, which is cultivated through acts of charity and mindfulness called hinokishin.

The primary operations of Tenrikyo today are located at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, which supports 16,833 locally managed churches in Japan, the construction and maintenance of the oyasato-yakata and various community-focused organisations. It has 1.75 million followers in Japan and is estimated to have over 2 million worldwide.
Allylic rearrangement
An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic chemical reaction in which reaction at a center vicinal to a double bond causes the double bond to shift to an adjacent pair of atoms:

It is encountered in both nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution, although it is usually suppressed relative to non-allylic substitution.  For example, reaction of 1-chloro-2-butene with sodium hydroxide gives 2-buten-1-ol and 3-buten-2-ol:

In the similar substitution of 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, the secondary 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is produced in a yield of 85%, while that for the primary 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol is 15%.

Allylic shifts occur because the transition state is an allyl intermediate.  In other respects they are similar to classical nucleophilic substitution, and admit both bimolecular and monomolecular mechanisms (respectively the SN2' and SN1'/SNi' substitutions).

Leaving group
In organic chemistry, a leaving group typically means a molecular fragment that departs with an electron pair during a reaction step with heterolytic bond cleavage.  In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge; although IUPAC gives the term a broader definition.

A species' ability to serve as a leaving group can affect whether a reaction is viable, as well as what mechanism the reaction takes.

Leaving group ability depends strongly on context, but often correlates with ability to stabilize additional electron density from bond heterolysis.  Common anionic leaving groups are Cl−, Br− and I− halides and sulfonate esters such as tosylate (TsO−).  Water (H2O), alcohols (R−OH), and amines (R3N) are common neutral leaving groups, although they often require activating catalysts.  Some moieties, such as hydride (H−) serve as leaving groups only extremely rarely.
Mullens v Federal Commissioner of Taxation
Mullens v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, was a 1976 High Court of Australia tax case concerning arrangements where stockbrokers Mullens & Co accessed tax deductions for monies subscribed to a petroleum exploration company.  The Australian Taxation Office held the scheme was tax avoidance, but the court found for the taxpayer.

In the taxonomy of tax schemes, this was of the kind where a wholly intentional tax benefit is swapped or traded between taxpayers, from someone who can't make full use of it to someone who can.

The principal significance of the case today is its part in judicial interpretation of the section 260 anti-avoidance provisions of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.

Tax deduction
A tax deduction is an amount deducted from taxable income, usually based on expenses such as those incurred to produce additional income. Tax deductions are a form of tax incentives, along with exemptions and tax credits. The difference between deductions, exemptions, and credits is that deductions and exemptions both reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax.
Roanoke, Indiana
Roanoke is a town in Jackson Township, Huntington County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,762 at the 2020 census.  Roanoke is governed by a town council. Town offices include the clerk treasurer, utilities department, police department, and volunteer fire department.  The town has a public elementary school.  WOWO and WRNP have transmitter towers in Roanoke, along U.S. Highway 24. For many years, television station WPTA was licensed to Roanoke, though that station's studios and transmitter have always been located in nearby Fort Wayne.

Little Turtle
Little Turtle (Miami-Illinois: Mihšihkinaahkwa) (c.1747 — July 14, 1812) was a Sagamore (chief) of the Miami people, who became one of the most famous Native American military leaders. Historian Wiley Sword calls him "perhaps the most capable Indian leader then in the Northwest Territory," although he later signed several treaties ceding land, which caused him to lose his leader status during the battles which became a prelude to the War of 1812. In the 1790s, Mihšihkinaahkwa led a confederation of native warriors to several major victories against U.S. forces in the Northwest Indian Wars, sometimes called "Little Turtle's War", particularly St. Clair's defeat in 1791, wherein the confederation defeated General Arthur St. Clair, who lost 900 men in the most decisive loss by the U.S. Army against Native American forces.
John M. Miller III
John Matthew Miller III (1896 – c. 1980's) was an American naval aviator, air mail pilot, transport pilot, autogiro pilot, flight instructor, aircraft manufacturer, airport operator, agricultural pilot, and helicopter test pilot.  He worked for the United States Navy, the US Aerial Mail Service, Pitcairn Aircraft Company, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.   In 1927 Miller founded the Miller Aviation Corporation of New Brunswick, New Jersey which operated until 1929.

Pitcairn PCA-2
The Pitcairn PCA-2 was an autogyro (designated as "autogiro" by Pitcairn) developed in the United States in the early 1930s. It was Harold F. Pitcairn's first autogyro design to be sold in quantity. It had a conventional design for its day – an airplane-like fuselage with two open cockpits in tandem, and an engine mounted tractor-fashion in the nose. The lift by the four-blade main rotor was augmented by stubby, low-set monoplane wings that also carried the control surfaces. The wingtips featured considerable dihedral that acted as winglets for added stability.
Methyl aminolevulinate
Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a drug used as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy.  It is a prodrug that is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX. It is marketed as Metvix.

Metvix cream is applied topically and some time later the skin is illuminated with a proprietary red light (630 nm) source (medical lamp 'Aktilite') to activate the photosensitiser.

Metvix is developed by Photocure and Galderma has bought all rights to Metvix.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Ekinlik, Kızıltepe
Ekinlik (Kurdish: Mezrê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Xalecan tribe and had a population of 385 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Gmina Tarłów
Gmina Tarłów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarłów, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Opatów and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 163.77 square kilometres (63.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,753.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.