hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait Miniature of Hans Schwarzwaldt
Portrait Miniature of Hans Schwarzwaldt is a watercolour on vellum portrait completed in around 1535–1540 by German artist and printmaker, Hans Holbein the Younger. The painting shows a young man against a clear blue background. Only the head and shoulders are shown, turned three-quarters to the viewer's right, the eyes cast down. The light brown hair is close cropped, and the sitter is wearing a brown doublet, trimmed with black, with a small, open falling collar with white strings attached. There is no inscription. The subject of this portrait was identified as a Danzig merchant, Hans Schwarzwaldt (1513-1575), based on a very strong resemblance to another portrait made by Holbein in 1543, but his age does not match the inscription. It has been suggested that the young man might be Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, the son of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex.

Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, KG, PC (c. 1508 – 20 March 1549) was a brother of Jane Seymour, the third wife of King Henry VIII. With his brother, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector of England, he vied for control of their nephew, the young King Edward VI (r. 1547–1553). In 1547, Seymour married Catherine Parr, the widow of Henry VIII. During his marriage to Catherine, Seymour involved the future Queen Elizabeth I (then 14 years old), who resided in his household, in flirtatious and possibly sexual behaviour.
Langley, Warwickshire
Langley is a village and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district of Warwickshire, England. The village is about 6 miles (10 km) west from the county town of Warwick. In 2011 the parish had a population of 162. The parish touches Bearley Claverdon, Snitterfield, Wolverton and Wootton Wawen.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
Kristian Bergström
Dan Göran Kristian Bergström (born 8 January 1974) is a Swedish former footballer. He played for Åtvidabergs FF during the more part of his career. He won two caps for the Sweden national team in 2001.

On 1 November 2014, Bergström became the oldest goalscorer in Allsvenskan history when he scored in Åtvidaberg's 2-1 win against Malmö FF, aged 40 years and 297 days.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Oud-Aa
Oud-Aa is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht (province). It is a part of the municipality of Stichtse Vecht, and lies about 13 km northeast of Woerden.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1138 as "juxta lacum qui vocatur A" (translation: Next to the lake called A), and refers to the Aa River which is a tributary of the Angstel River. Oud (old) has been added to distinguish from Nieuwer-Ter-Aa. The postal authorities have placed it under Breukelen, and there are no place name signs. The castle Ruwiel was located in Oud-Aa, however it was destroyed in 1673 by the French, and now contains a farm. In 1840, it was home to 315 people. There also was a local former municipality called Ruwiel.

Former Ruwiel Castle seen from the east, 1646-1647

1865 map of Oud Aa with castle remains

Sketch map of the former Ruwiel Castle islet, 2022

Former Ruwiel Castle islet seen from the southwest, 2022

Former Ruwiel Castle islet seen from the southeast, 2022

Stichtse Vecht
Stichtse Vecht is a municipality of the Netherlands and lies in the northwestern part of the province of Utrecht.

The municipality has about 63,000 inhabitants and covers an area of about 107 km2 (41 sq mi).

Stichtse Vecht was formed on 1 January 2011 by a merger of the municipalities of Breukelen (in the west), Maarssen (in the east) and Loenen (in the north).
Augusta National Women's Amateur
The Augusta National Women's Amateur (ANWA) is a golf tournament in Georgia, held at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta and Champions Retreat Golf Club in nearby Evans. The 54-hole stroke play event debuted in 2019.

The tournament is split between the two venues, with Champions Retreat hosting the opening rounds on Wednesday and Thursday with a field size of 72 players on the Island and Bluff nines. The field is cut to the top 30 players (with a playoff for the last spots if necessary) for the final round Saturday at Augusta National. A practice round is played on Friday at Augusta National with the full field. The tournament is held on the week directly preceding the Masters Tournament.

The winner of the tournament receives invitations to the next five ANWAs, that year's U.S. Women's Open and Women's British Open, and any USGA, R&A, and PGA of America amateur events for which she is otherwise eligible prior to the next ANWA – all providing she remains an amateur.

2018 Masters Tournament
The 2018 Masters Tournament was the 82nd edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf's four major championships in 2018. It was held April 5–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.

Patrick Reed won his first major title with a final round 71 (−1) for 273 (−15), one stroke ahead of runner-up Rickie Fowler.
Reichskommissariat Niederlande
The Reichskommissariat Niederlande (Dutch: Rijkscommissariaat Nederland) was the civilian occupation regime set up by Germany in the German-occupied Netherlands during World War II. Its full title was the Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories (German: Reichskommissariat für die besetzten niederländischen Gebiete). The administration was headed by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, formerly the last chancellor of Austria before initiating its annexation by Germany.

Germanic SS
The Germanic SS (German: Germanische SS) was the collective name given to paramilitary and political organisations established in parts of German-occupied Europe between 1939 and 1945 under the auspices of the Schutzstaffel (SS). The units were modeled on the Allgemeine SS in Nazi Germany and established in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway—population groups who were considered  to be especially "racially suitable" by the Nazis. They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the Gestapo, Sicherheitsdienst (SD), and other departments of the German Reich Security Main Office (RSHA), rendering them culpable for their participation in Nazi atrocities.
Fittleworth
Fittleworth is a village and civil parish in the District of Chichester in West Sussex, England located seven kilometres (4.3 miles) west from Pulborough on the A283 road and three miles (4.8 km) south east from Petworth. The village has an Anglican church, a primary school and one pub, The Swan. It is within the ancient divisions of the Bury Hundred and the Rape (county subdivision) of Arundel. The village is bounded south by the Rother Navigation.

In the 2001 census the parish covered 1,164 hectares (2,880 acres) and had 405 households with a total population of 931 people, of whom 434 were economically active. The 2011 Census included the hamlets of Egdean and Stopham and had a population of 978.

Egdean
Egdean (pronounced Egg-deen) is a small village in the civil parish of Petworth, in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the A283 road 1.7 miles (2.8 km) southeast of Petworth. In 1931 the parish had a population of 82. On 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished and merged with Petworth.

In earlier centuries a horse fair was held at Egdean. It was one of the last occasions on which the 3rd Earl of Egremont was seen out in public before he died in 1837. The earl gave a £20 prize for the best three-year-old colt or filly.

The Anglican church of St Bartholomew, dating from the 16th century, is in regular use.
Black Axe (confraternity)
The Black Axe is an international confraternity with roots in Nigeria. Originally formed from and inspired by the Neo Black Movement of Africa (NBM), it was established at the University of Benin (Benin City, Edo State) as part of the Pan-African movement in 1977.

The BBC has since called Black Axe a "mafia-style gang", known to engage in activities such as  cybercrime, election fraud, human trafficking, illegal drug trading, intimidation, and violence. On 10 July 1999, forty Black Axe members were involved in the Obafemi Awolowo University massacre, in Ifẹ, Osun State, in which five students were killed and eleven were injured. In 2024, the Neo-Black Movement of Africa publicly distanced itself from the Black Axe.

Gang
A gang is a group or society of associates, friends, or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over territory in a community and engages, either individually or collectively, in illegal, and possibly violent, behavior, with such behavior often constituting a form of organized crime.
Cuk (instrument)
The cuk is a stringed musical instrument from Java (Indonesia). It has three strings in three courses. It is tuned G4–B3–E4. The strings are made of thick nylon.

The body is usually hollowed out of a solid piece of wood. It is mainly used to play Keroncong music along with the cak.

Course (music)
In organology, a course is either one string or two or more adjacent strings that are closely spaced relative to the other strings, and typically played as a single string. The strings in each multiple-string course are typically tuned in unison or an octave.

Normally, the term course is used to refer to a single string only on an instrument that also has multi-string courses. For example, a nine-string baroque guitar has five courses: most are two-string courses but sometimes the lowest or the highest consists of a single string.

An instrument with at least one multiple-string course is referred to as coursed, while one whose strings are all played individually is uncoursed.
Bovegno
Bovegno (Brescian: Böegn) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It borders the communes of Artogne, Berzo Inferiore, Bienno, Collio, Esine, Gianico, Irma, Marmentino and Pezzaze. It is located in the valley named Val Trompia.

The Brescian poet Angelo Canossi spent the last years of his life here, mainly at Cà de le bachere (now a national monument) in Val Sorda.

Esine
Esine (Camunian: Éden) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in the Italian region Lombardy, in the Camonica valley, located 43 kilometres (27 miles) north of Brescia.

It is bounded by other communes of Berzo Inferiore, Bovegno, Cividate Camuno, Darfo Boario Terme, Gianico, Piancogno.
Cabo de Gata
Cabo de Gata (Cape of Cats) is a cape located in Níjar, Almería in the south of Spain, one of the biggest capes. It is the driest place in the Iberian Peninsula (150–170 mm average precipitation, the lowest being 52 mm in 1981). The area that it occupies is not considered a desert, even though  the Tabernas Desert is nearby, 30 km (19 mi) to the north-west. The lowest temperature registered in Cabo de Gata was 0.0 °C.

San José, Las Negras, Agua Amarga, Isleta del Moro, Rodalquilar, San Miguel, Almadraba de Moteleva, Fernán Pérez, Las Hortichuelas, Pozo de los Frailes, Los Escullos, Níjar and Carboneras are towns found in Cabo de Gata. The lighthouse is a famous landmark.

On 26 March 2008 it was declared Parque Natural.

San José (Almería)
San José is a village and fishing port in the centre of Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, in the Province of Almería, Spain. Its population in 2011 was 1012 inhabitants, recorded by the INE.

In recent years San José has experienced an increase in the number of visitors and is an easily accessible town from Almería Airport and the Autovía A-7. San José, as with all of the Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, is most popular during the spring and summer months. San José boasts a few beaches, a few outside the town and within walking distance, such as Playa de los Genoveses, Playa de Mónsul and Cala de la Media Luna. There are several restaurants and tapas bars in San José. The local independently run tourist office is a reference point for activities in the Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata. Accommodation is plentiful although in summer some places can be fairly expensive and are quickly filled.
Elland Brewery
Elland Brewery was an independent brewery based in Elland, West Yorkshire, England. Founded as ‘Eastwood and Sanders Fine Ales’ in 2002, after the amalgamation of The West Yorkshire Brewery and The Barge and Barrel Brewing Company, it was renamed as Elland Brewery in 2006 and traded under that banner until its winding-up in 2024. They had a catalogue of regular draught beers produced year round, as well as several popular seasonal beers produced at certain times of the year.

Being a West Yorkshire based brewery, their beers are most widely available in the North of England but the popularity of the beers means they are often found at beer festivals in more remote locations. Despite their traditionalism, the brewers have a preference for using foreign hops (largely from the U.S., New Zealand and Germany); this is especially true of their seasonal brews, which are often considered more 'edgy' than their regular ales, but just as popular.

Pale ale
Pale ale is a golden to amber coloured beer style brewed with pale malt. The term first appeared in England around 1703 for beers made from malts dried with high-carbon coke, which resulted in a lighter colour than other beers popular at that time. Different brewing practices and hop quantities have resulted in a range of tastes and strengths within the pale ale family. Pale ale is a kind of ale.
1981–82 IIHF European Cup
The 1981–82 European Cup was the 17th edition of the European Cup, IIHF's premier European club ice hockey tournament. The season started on October 7, 1981, and finished on August 29, 1982.

The tournament was won by CSKA Moscow, who won the final group.

IIHF European Cup
The IIHF European Cup, also known as the Europa Cup, was a European ice hockey club competition for champions of national leagues which was contested between 1965 and 1997, governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).
Navabpalem railway station
Navabpalem railway station is an Indian Railways station in Navabpalem village of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line of Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone. Twelve trains stop there every day. It is the 2576th-busiest station in the country.

Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line
The Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line is a loop of Vijayawada–Gudivada–Bhimavaram Town–Nidadavolu railway stations. Both Vijayawada and Nidadavolu stations lie on Howrah–Chennai main line. It is under the administrative jurisdiction of Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone.
Henry Stacy Marks
Henry Stacy Marks RA (13 September 1829 – 9 January 1898) was a British artist who took a particular interest in Shakespearean and medieval themes in his early career and later in decorative art depicting birds and ornithologists as well as landscapes. Most of his early works were oils but he also worked on murals and with watercolours. He was a founding member of the St John's Wood Clique and was well known for his humorous performances.

Frederick Walker (painter)
Frederick Walker ARA RWS (26 May 1840 – 4 June 1875) was a British painter and illustrator. He achieved considerable success in both oils and watercolour before his early death. According to John Everett Millais he was "the greatest artist of the century". His career began as an illustrator, producing line drawings in ink to be turned into wood engravings for magazines and books. He is often regarded as the founder of the Idyllic school in Victorian painting, though that term was not coined until after his death. Among other stylistic trends of his period he sometimes displayed social realism and genre painting sentimentality.
4D reconstruction
In computer vision and computer graphics, 4D reconstruction is the process of capturing the shape and appearance of real objects along a temporal dimension. This process can be accomplished by methods such as depth camera imaging, photometric stereo, or structure from motion, and is also referred to as spatio-temporal reconstruction.

Range imaging
Range imaging is the name for a collection of techniques that are used to produce a 2D image showing the distance to points in a scene from a specific point, normally associated with some type of sensor device.

The resulting range image has pixel values that correspond to the distance. If the sensor that is used to produce the range image is properly calibrated the pixel values can be given directly in physical units, such as meters.
Andrew, son of Serafin
Andrew, son of Serafin (Hungarian: Szerafin fia András; died 11 April 1241) was a Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Andrew II and Béla IV.

His influence arose during the reign of Andrew II. He was a supporter of prince Béla, thus he held functions in the princely court. He served as master of the stewards for Béla twice, in 1225 and from 1231 to 1233. According to László Markó, he was the ispán (comes) of Borsod County in 1230. He was the last voivode for Andrew II in 1235, when Béla held the title of duke of Transylvania. After Béla IV ascended the throne in 1235, he was replaced by Pousa, son of Sólyom. Andrew functioned as ispán of Pozsony County between 1235 and 1240 (or 1241).

In 1239, he was nominated judge royal by Béla IV. He was killed in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241 and later replaced by Paul Geregye.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
Baby, Baby Don't Cry
"Baby, Baby Don't Cry", released in December 1968, is a single recorded by The Miracles for Motown Records' Tamla label. The composition was written by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, Motown staff writers Al Cleveland and Terry Johnson, a former member of The Flamingos. Robinson, Johnson, and Miracles member Warren "Pete" Moore were the song's producers.

Marv Tarplin
Marvin Tarplin (June 13, 1941 – September 30, 2011) was an American musician, best known as the guitarist for the Miracles from the 1950s through the early 1970s. He was one of the group's original members and co-wrote several of their biggest hits, including the 1965 Grammy Hall Of Fame-inducted "The Tracks of My Tears". He is also a winner of the BMI Songwriter's Award, and the ASCAP Award Of Merit, and was a 2012 posthumous inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Miracles.
North Eastern Reporter
The North Eastern Reporter, North Eastern Reporter Second and North Eastern Reporter Third (ISSN 0275-262X) are United States regional case law reporters.  Collectively, the North Eastern Reporter is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company, which is now part of Thomson West.

The North Eastern Reporter contains published U.S. state appellate court case decisions for:

Illinois

Indiana

Massachusetts

New York

Ohio

When cited, the North Eastern Reporter, North Eastern Reporter Second and North Eastern Reporter Third are abbreviated "N.E.", "N.E.2d" and "N.E.3d", respectively.

National Reporter System
West's National Reporter System (NRS) is a set of case law reporters for federal courts and appellate state courts in the United States. It started with the North Western Reporter in 1879 which has its origin in The Syllabi (1876, LCCN 2010-213400).
Jongno (constituency)
Jongno (Korean: 종로구) is a constituency of the National Assembly of South Korea. The constituency consists solely of the Jongno District, Seoul. As of 2020, 134,516 eligible voters were registered in the constituency. In the course of the Democratic Party of Korea's primary election, Lee Nak-yeon, a member of the district's National Assembly, resigned.

Located at the heart of the Downtown Seoul, Jongno is home to Korea's major government offices and foreign embassies, and is often described as 'Korea's No. 1 political district' (정치 1번지). Including the current Jongno constituency and its historic A and B constituencies, three presidents were elected after being elected in Jongno.

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.