hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Real estate benchmarking
Real estate benchmarking is the standard of measurement used to analyze the financial characteristics of a real estate investment property.  In the general sense, real estate benchmarking refers to the comparison of potential real estate investment properties against a predetermined framework of measurement.  In a narrow sense, the term real estate benchmarking refers to the specific real estate indicators used to measure the real estate properties.

The individual indicators are referred to as key performance indicators, or KPI for short. Examples include the net cash flow, total rental incomes, or the internal rate of return.

Cash on cash return
In real estate investing, the cash-on-cash return is the ratio of annual before-tax cash flow to the total amount of cash invested, expressed as a percentage.

The cash-on-cash return, or "cash yield", is often used to evaluate the cash flow from income-producing assets, such as a rental property.

Generally considered a napkin test to quickly determine if the asset qualifies for further review and analysis, cash on cash analyses are often used by investors looking for properties where cash flow is paramount, however, some use it to determine if a property is undervalued, indicating instant equity in a property.
Margaret Brown (mathematics educator)
Margaret Louise Brown OBE is a British mathematics educator known for her research on numeracy and the learning stages of mathematics. She is an emeritus professor of mathematics education at King's College London, the former head of the School of Education at King's College London, the former president of the British Educational Research Association, , the former director of Graded Assessment in Mathematics (GAIM), the former chair of the trustees of the School Mathematics Project, and the former president of the Mathematical Association.

School Mathematics Project
The School Mathematics Project arose in the United Kingdom as part of the new mathematics educational movement of the 1960s. It is a developer of mathematics textbooks for secondary schools, formerly based in Southampton in the UK.

Now generally known as SMP, it began as a research project inspired by a 1961 conference chaired by Bryan Thwaites at the University of Southampton, which itself was precipitated by calls to reform mathematics teaching in the wake of the Sputnik launch by the Soviet Union, the same circumstances that prompted the wider New Math movement.  It maintained close ties with the former Collaborative Group for Research in Mathematics Education at the university.

Instead of dwelling on 'traditional' areas such as arithmetic and geometry, SMP dwelt on subjects such as set theory, graph theory and logic, non-cartesian co-ordinate systems, matrix mathematics, affine transforms, Euclidean vectors, and non-decimal number systems.
Sam Williams (rugby league)
Sam Williams (born 18 March 1991) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played as a halfback or five-eighth for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League (NRL). In September 2025 Williams was announced as the new coach of the Northern Pride RLFC in the Queensland Cup after a poor season from the team.

He previously played for Canberra in two separate spells and the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the National Rugby League, and for the Catalans Dragons and Wakefield Trinity in the Super League.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
SS Coeur d'Alene Victory
The SS Coeur d'Alene Victory was a Victory ship built during World War II  under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. She was launched by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation on December 15, 1944, completed on January 12, 1945. The ship's United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2-S-AP3, hull number 153 (1207). The Maritime Commission turned her over to a civilian contractor, the Isbrandtsen Steamship Company, for operation under the War Shipping Administration.

Victory ships were designed to supersede the earlier Liberty Ships. Unlike Liberty ships, Victory ships were designed to serve the US Navy after the war and also last longer. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, and had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure. They also had a long raised forecastle.

Victory ship
The Victory ship is a ship class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by American shipyards during World War II. They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship, were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines, giving higher speed to allow participation in high-speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats.  A total of 534 Victory ships were built in between 1944 and 1946.
Bertalan Farkas
Bertalan Farkas (Hungarian: [ˈfɒrkɒʃ ˈbɛrtɒlɒn], born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer and fighter pilot. Hungary became the seventh nation to be represented in space by him. Farkas is also the first Esperantist cosmonaut. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.

Following his mission, Hungarian-American Károly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian astronaut – the only person in the entire world who has been twice in space as a space tourist and who had paid for himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut, Tibor Kapu, travelled to the International Space Station in June 2025.

Tibor Kapu
Tibor Kapu (Hungarian: Kapu Tibor) (born 5 November 1991) is a Hungarian mechanical engineer and astronaut. He flew to the International Space Station as a mission specialist on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), which launched on 25 June 2025. Kapu became the third Hungarian to participate in a spaceflight, following Bertalan Farkas in 1980 and Charles Simonyi in 2007. His spaceflight is organized by the Hungarian state in cooperation with the American space company Axiom Space.
Emilio de' Cavalieri
Emilio de' Cavalieri (c. 1550 – 11 March 1602), or Emilio dei Cavalieri (the spellings "del" and "Cavaliere" are contemporary typographical errors), was an Italian composer, producer, organist, diplomat, choreographer and dancer at the end of the Renaissance era. His work, along with that of other composers active in Rome, Florence and Venice, was critical in defining the beginning of the musical Baroque era. A member of the Roman School of composers, he was an influential early composer of monody, and wrote what is usually considered to be the first oratorio.

Tim Carter (musicologist)
Timothy Carter (born 1954) is an Australian musicologist with a special focus on late Renaissance music and Italian Baroque music. An active member of the field of musicology, Carter is a department chair at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he holds the position of David G. Frey Distinguished Professor. He has worked on the editorial boards or staffs of a number of prominent musical publications and has published extensively in the field.
Ulegyria
Ulegyria is a diagnosis used to describe a specific type of cortical scarring in the deep regions of the sulcus that leads to distortion of the gyri. Ulegyria is identified by its characteristic "mushroom-shaped" gyri, in which scarring causes shrinkage and atrophy in the deep sulcal regions while the surface gyri are spared. This condition is most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the perinatal period. The effects of ulegyria can range in severity, although it is most commonly associated with cerebral palsy, intellectual disability and epilepsy. N.C. Bresler was the first to view ulegyria in 1899 and described this abnormal morphology in the brain as “mushroom-gyri." Although ulegyria was first identified in 1899, there is still limited information known or reported about the condition.

Brain ischemia
Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient bloodflow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.  This leads to poor oxygen supply in the brain and may be temporary such as in transient ischemic attack or permanent in which there is death of brain tissue such as in cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke).

The symptoms of brain ischemia reflect the anatomical region undergoing blood and oxygen deprivation, and may involve impairments in vision, body movement, and speaking.

An interruption of blood flow to the brain for more than 10 seconds causes unconsciousness, and an interruption in flow for more than a few minutes generally results in irreversible brain damage.  In 1974, Hossmann and Zimmermann demonstrated that ischemia induced in mammalian brains for up to an hour can be at least partially recovered. Accordingly, this discovery raised the possibility of intervening after brain ischemia before the damage becomes irreversible.
FC City Stars
City Stars was a football club from Lahti in Finland.  The club was formed in 1982 and their home ground is at the Kisapuiston kenttä.  The team last plays in the Kakkonen (Second Division).  The Head coach was to this time Petri Järvinen.

Lahden kisapuisto
The Lahden kisapuisto is a multi-use stadium in Lahti, Finland.  It is used mostly for football and hosts the home matches of FC Lahti.  The stadium holds 4,000 people and is all-seater.  It also hosted some football matches during the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Mannequin (1933 film)
Mannequin is a 1933 British drama film directed by George A. Cooper and starring Harold French, Judy Kelly and Diana Beaumont. It was writtenn by Charles Bennnet. Produced as a quota quickie, it was released by the American distributor RKO.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Seshadri Swamigal
Seshadri Swamigal, also known as the "Saint with a Golden Hand", was an Indian holy man who was born in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. He lived in Tiruvannaamalai, where he attained samadhi (a state of meditative consciousness).

Arunachala
Arunachala (IAST: Aruṇācalam [əɾʊˈɳaːtʃələ], 'Red Mountain') is a hill in Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, and one of the five main Shaiva holy places in South India. The Arunachalesvara Temple to Shiva is located at the base of the hill. The hill is also known by the names Annamalai, Annamalaiyar Hill, Arunagiri, Arunachalam, Arunai, Sonagiri, and Sonachalam.

Every year in the Tamil month of Kārttikai (November–December), the Kārttikai tīpam light is lit atop the hill.

It is also an important place for devotees of Ramana Maharshi, with Sri Ramana Ashram situated at its foothills.
Mikiki
Mikiki is a shopping centre in San Po Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is owned by Sun Hung Kai Properties. Mikiki is directly connected to The Latitude, a private housing estate that was also developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties. Mikiki does not have a Chinese name, and its English name is based on the Japanese word for "knowledge". Mikiki covers an area of 200,000 square feet and has been opened to the general public since July 2011. Its official opening date was on 30 October that year. The mall is managed by Sun Hung Kai Properties and Hong Yip Service Co Ltd.

Sun Hung Kai Properties
Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited (SHKP) is a listed corporation and one of the largest property developers in Hong Kong. The company's businesses include property sales, property rental, telecommunications (SmarTone, SUNeVision), hotel operation, transport and logistics, and others. The company is controlled by the Kwok family trust, largely the Kwok brothers.
Back of Keppoch
Back of Keppoch (Gaelic: Cùl na Ceapaich) is a small coastal settlement in the northwest Scottish Highlands, 40 miles (65 kilometres) west of Fort William near to the A830 road to Mallaig.

The Back of Keppoch is north of Arisaig and south of Morar. Most of the houses on this road are crofts and their land is used as campsites in the summer months. A number of beaches line the road.

Arisaig
Arisaig /ˈærɪseɪɡ/ (Scottish Gaelic: Àrasaig) is a village in Lochaber, Inverness-shire. It lies 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Mallaig on the west coast of the Scottish Highlands, within the Rough Bounds. Arisaig is also the traditional name for part of the surrounding peninsula south of Loch Morar, extending east to Moidart. Etymologically, Arisaig means "safe bay". It lies in the Scottish council area of Highland and has a population of about 300.
Tax expenditure
Tax expenditures are government revenue losses from tax exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, and preferential tax rates. They are a counterpart to direct expenditures, in that they both are forms of government spending.

Tax expenditures function as subsidies for certain activities, they effect both axis of equity of the basic tax system by giving preferential treatment to those activities. For instance, two people who have the same income can have different effective tax rates if one of the tax payers qualifies for certain tax expenditures by owning a home, having children, or receiving employer-provided health care and pension insurance.

Earned income tax credit
The United States federal earned income tax credit or earned income credit (EITC or EIC) is a refundable tax credit for low- to moderate-income working individuals and couples, particularly those with children. The amount of EITC benefit depends on a recipient's income and number of children. Low-income adults with no children are eligible. For a person or couple to claim one or more persons as their qualifying child, requirements such as relationship, age, and shared residency must be met.

The earned income tax credit has been part of political debates in the United States over whether raising the minimum wage or increasing EITC is a better idea. In a random survey of 568 members of the American Economic Association in 2011, roughly 60% of economists agreed (31.7%) or agreed with provisos (30.8%) that the earned income tax credit program should be expanded. In 2021, when the survey was done again, the percentage of economists that agreed to expanding the credit increased to 90%.
Joyce Carey
Joyce Carey (30 March 1898 – 28 February 1993) was an English actress, best known for her long professional and personal relationship with Noël Coward. Her stage career lasted from 1916 until 1987, and she was performing on television in her 90s. Although never a star, she was a familiar face both on stage and screen. In addition to light comedy, she had a large repertory of Shakespearean roles.

Cry, the Beloved Country (1951 film)
Cry, the Beloved Country is a 1951 British drama film directed by Zoltán Korda and starring Sidney Poitier, Charles Carson and Canada Lee, in his last film role. The film is based on the novel of the same name written by Alan Paton.
Tan Zhenlin
Tan Zhenlin  (simplified Chinese: 谭震林; traditional Chinese: 譚震林; pinyin: Tán Zhènlín; 24 April 1902 – 30 September 1983), also known by his courtesy name Mei Cheng, was a revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party and a senior general of the People's Liberation Army. He was widely known by the nickname “Tan Boss.”

Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army (紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising. The Red Army was reincorporated into the NRA as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War the Red Army splintered off once again and was renamed the People's Liberation Army.
2015–16 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
The 2015–16 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was the 35th official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The season started on 27 November 2015 in Ruka, Finland, and ended on 12 March 2016 in Canmore, Alberta, Canada.

Therese Johaug set a new record for total points in one season, with 2681. Martin Johnsrud Sundby set a new men's record for total points in one season, with 2634. Sundby won 14 races during the season and surpassed Petter Northug's record of nine victories which he achieved in both 2009–10 and 2012–13. Johaug won 17 races during this season and equaled Marit Bjørgen's record from 2011–12; a record Johaug herself eclipsed with 20 victories in the 2019–20 season.

2012–13 FIS Cross-Country World Cup
2012–13 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the season for cross-country skiers. It was the 32nd official World Cup season in cross-country skiing for men and women. The season started on 24 November 2012 in Gällivare, Sweden, and ended on 24 March 2013 in Falun, Sweden.

This season's biggest event was the Tour de Ski and the 2013 World Championships.
Prepalla austrina
Prepalla austrina is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914 under the name Saropla austrina. Meyrick later moved the species into the genus Oxythecta. However in 1997 its taxonomy was reconsidered by Ian Francis Bell Common and the species was included in the genus Prepalla. It is endemic to New Zealand and is present in Otago. The host plant for this moth is Leucopogon fraseri.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Ken Dillen
Kenneth George Dillen (April 29, 1938 – April 20, 2020) was a Canadian politician and political activist. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1973 to 1977, serving as a member of the social democratic New Democratic Party. His political views later shifted to the right, and he ran for re-election to the Manitoba legislature in 2011 as a candidate of the Manitoba Liberal Party.

Serpent River First Nation
Serpent River First Nation (Ojibwe: Genabaajing Anishinaabek), a signatory to the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850, is an Anishinaabe First Nation in the Canadian province of Ontario, located midway between Sault Ste. Marie and Sudbury along the North Channel of Lake Huron.

The First Nation's provisional territory extends from this waters of the North Channel of Lake Huron, Serpent River Basin; north beyond the city of Elliot Lake. The Serpent River nation has a provisional land base of 5250 square kilometers. It occupies the Serpent River 7 reserve.

The First Nation was impacted significantly by uranium mining at Elliot Lake, including through contamination of the Serpent River.
Birchgrove, Swansea
Birchgrove (Welsh: Y Gellifedw) is a suburb and community in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. It is situated about 4.5 miles (7 km) north-east of Swansea city centre, between the flood plain of the River Tawe and Mynydd Drumau (Drummau Mountain). The community of Birchgrove had a population of 7,392 in 2011.

River Neath
River Neath (Welsh: Afon Nedd) is a river in south Wales running south west from the point at which its headwaters arising in the Brecon Beacons National Park converge to its mouth at Baglan Bay below Briton Ferry on the east side of Swansea Bay.
Kentucky Route 446
Kentucky Route 446 (KY 446) is a state highway in the city of Bowling Green in Warren County, Kentucky. The highway runs 0.970 miles (1.561 km) from U.S. Route 31W, US 68, and KY 80 east to Interstate 65 (I-65). KY 446 is a four-lane divided highway that serves as a connector between the Interstate and U.S. Highways east of Bowling Green and provides access to the National Corvette Museum and the Bowling Green Assembly Plant.

Interstate 65 in Kentucky
Interstate 65 (I-65) is part of the Interstate Highway System that runs 887.30 miles (1,427.97 km) north–south from Mobile, Alabama, to Gary, Indiana. The highway crosses Kentucky from south to north, from the Tennessee state line near Franklin to the Indiana state line in Louisville. I-65 passes through three of Kentucky's ten largest cities—Bowling Green, Elizabethtown, and Louisville—and serves Mammoth Cave National Park and Fort Knox. Kentucky was the first state to complete its portion of I-65, with the final section, located near Franklin, opening in 1970.
Takis Fyssas
Takis Fyssas (Greek: Τάκης Φύσσας, born 12 June 1973) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a left back. After his retirement he served as the sporting director of the Greece national team.

From 1999 to 2007, he earned 60 caps for the Greece national team. He was part of the team which won Euro 2004.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
Stambourne
Stambourne is a village and civil parish in the Braintree District in north Essex, England. It lies 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Halstead, its post town. Stambourne's closest neighbouring villages are Ridgewell, Toppesfield, Cornish Hall End and Great Yeldham. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 421.

Halstead
Halstead is a town and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It lies on the River Colne, 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Braintree and 12 miles (19 km) north-west of Colchester. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 13,529. It is twinned with Haubourdin in the Nord department of France.
DIN EN ISO 9712
DIN EN ISO 9712:2012 is a certification issued by the German institute for standardization (Deutsches Institut für Normung). It certifies personnel working in Non-destructive testing. This standard evaluates and documents the competence of personnel whose tasks require knowledge of non-destructive tests. The certification process is performed by authorized independent certification bodies, such as Sector Cert, DQS, TÜV, DEKRA etc. They can be applied at the German accreditation body (Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH, DAkkS).

TÜV
TÜVs (German pronunciation: [ˈtʏf] ⓘ; short for German: Technischer Überwachungsverein, English: Technical Inspection Association) are internationally active, independent service companies from Germany and Austria that test, inspect and certify technical systems, facilities and objects of all kinds in order to minimize hazards and prevent damages. The TÜV companies are organized into three large holding companies, TÜV Nord, TÜV Rheinland and TÜV SÜD (with TÜV Hessen), along with the smaller independent companies TÜV Thüringen, TÜV Saarland and TÜV Austria.