hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Project 404
Project 404 was the code name for a covert United States Air Force advisory mission to Laos during the later years of the Second Indochina War, which would eventually become known in the United States as the Vietnam War. The purpose of the mission was to supply the line crew technicians needed to support and train the Royal Laotian Air Force, while Raven Forward Air Controllers were brought in to supply piloting expertise and guidance for running a tactical air force. The two programs together comprised Palace Dog.

Project 404 began in 1966, as a successor after the completion of Operation White Star, was narrower in scope, and was an adjunct to the various covert ground operations succeeding White Star. Because Laos was ostensibly a neutral party to the conflict between the United States and North Vietnam, the airmen did not wear United States Air Force uniforms, but instead worked in civilian clothing.

Raven Forward Air Controllers
The Raven Forward Air Controllers, also known as The Ravens, were fighter pilots (special operations capable) unit used as forward air controllers (FACs) in a clandestine and covert operation in conjunction with the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Laos during America's Vietnam War. The Ravens pinpointed targets for most of the air strikes against communist Lao People's Liberation Army and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) infiltrators in support of the Laotian Hmong guerrilla army.
Edinburgh West (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Edinburgh West was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 until 2011. It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It was also one of nine constituencies in the Lothians electoral region, which elected seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

From the Scottish Parliament election, 2011, the Edinburgh West constituency was re-drawn and renamed Edinburgh Western.

Lothians (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
The Lothians was one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood) from 1999 to 2011. Nine of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies were sub-divisions of the region and it elected seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elected a total of 16 MSPs.

The Lothians region shared boundaries with the South of Scotland and Central Scotland regions, and was connected with the Mid Scotland and Fife region by bridges over the Firth of Forth.

As a result of the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries it is largely replaced by the Lothian region.
Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality elections
The Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality council was established in 2016 by the merging of the Nkonkobe and Nxuba local municipalities and consists of forty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty-three councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty-three wards, while the remaining twenty-two are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of thirty-three seats.

Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality
Raymond Mhlaba Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala wase Raymond Mhlaba; Afrikaans: Raymond Mhlaba Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It was established after the August 2016 local elections by merging the Nkonkobe and Nxuba local municipalities.
Poet Laureate of Hawaii
The poet laureate of Hawaii or Ka Haku-Mele O Hawaii is the poet laureate for the U.S. state of Hawaii. Prior to statehood Don Blanding, originally from Oklahoma, was unofficially referred to as the poet laureate of Hawaii. In 1951 Hawaii Territorial Senator Thelma Akana Harrison in concurrent resolution 28, declared Lloyd Stone, who was originally from California, poet laureate. When the modern program was established, Native Hawaiian Kealoha was appointed on May 3, 2012, and he is the first poet laureate for the state of Hawaii, serving through 2022. In January 2023, Brandy Nālani McDougall began her appointment as poet laureate of Hawaii, which she will serve through 2025.

Poets laureate of Hawaii

Kealoha

Brandy Nālani McDougall

Kealoha (poet)
Kealoha (born Steven Kealohapau'ole Hong-Ming Wong) is a prominent Indigenous poet and storyteller based in Hawaii. He was the first Poet Laureate of Hawai'i and the first poet to perform at a Hawaii governor's inauguration. In 2022, he received a Poets Laureate Fellowship from the Academy of American Poets.
Ramuald Ziamkievič
Ramuald Ziamkievič (Рамуальд Зямкевіч), Romuald Ziemkiewicz  (Romuald Ziemkiewicz; 7 February 1881 – 1943 or 1944) was a Belarusian and Polish bibliographer, publicist, historian of Belarusian literature, collector of books and manuscripts, and politician. He was a participant in the First All-Belarusian Congress of 1917 and a member of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Ziamkievič is also known for falsifying his biography and stealing valuable archival materials.

Jan Barszczewski
Jan Barszczewski (Belarusian: Ян Баршчэўскі, Jan Barščeŭski; 1781 – 12 March 1851) was a Polish and Belarusian writer, poet, ethnographer and editor. He wrote both in Belarusian and Polish languages.

He is considered "one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature".
Forced adoption of children through the Catholic Church in Belgium
The forced adoption of children through the Catholic Church in Belgium affected young pregnant women sent by their families to give birth in Catholic institutions, who had their children taken from them and then sold to families of reception. The number of affected children was approximately 30,000, between 1945 and 1980.

The Belgian Catholic Church apologized to the victims and the priests involved in this matter were suspended. Tommy Scholtès, spokesman for the Belgian bishops, declared in 2023 that it was not about the sale of children, but rather the families who received the children "contributed financially to the functioning of the religious communities".

Forced adoption
Forced adoption refers to the practice of removing children from their biological families and placing them for adoption against the wishes of the parents, often with little or no consent. This practice has historically been a significant issue in various countries, where societal, governmental, and institutional pressures led to the forced separation of children from their families, especially in cases where the parents were marginalized, impoverished, or deemed unfit by authorities. The practice has been widely criticized for its violation of human rights and its long-lasting emotional and psychological effects on both children and parents.
Birmingham and Bristol Railway
The Birmingham and Bristol Railway was a short-lived railway company, formed in 1845 by the merger of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway and the Bristol and Gloucester Railway. From 14 January 1845, the Birmingham and Gloucester and the Bristol and Gloucester Railways agreed to be operated jointly under the title of the ‘Birmingham and Bristol Railway’. The plan had been to get this amalgamation officially authorised through an act of Parliament and this proposal was submitted alongside a Midland Railway absorption bill. The amalgamation bill was soon dropped paving the way for both companies to be absorbed by the Midland Railway from 3 August 1846. Although the title was used, this was never an officially approved company.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Denmark Mound Group
The Denmark Mound Group or Denmark Site (40MD85) is a Mississippian culture archaeological site on a low bluff overlooking Big Black Creek, a tributary of the Hatchie River near Denmark in Madison County, Tennessee. The site features include a village with over 70 structures, 2 rectangular platform mounds and a small conical burial mound as well as possible evidence of a surrounding palisade. The site was added to the NRHP in 1992.

Madison County, Tennessee
Madison County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 98,823. Its county seat is Jackson. Madison County is included in the Jackson metropolitan area.
1500th anniversary of Kiev
The 1500th anniversary of Kiev, the capital of the Ukrainian SSR, was an event held in 1982. Although archaeologists have found evidence that Kiev (present-day Kyiv) was founded in either the 6th or 7th century, and the settlement may have been mentioned in documents more than two millennia ago, the observance of the 1500th anniversary in 1982 is based on a now traditional founding date of AD 482 for the city.

Omeljan Pritsak
Omeljan Yosypovych Pritsak (Ukrainian: Омелян Йосипович Пріцак; 7 April 1919 – 29 May 2006) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
Japanese submarine Ro-112
Ro-112 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ro-100-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in September 1943, she served in World War II, operating off Australia, in the Netherlands East Indies, and off the Admiralty Islands and the Philippine Islands. She was sunk in February 1945 during her eighth war patrol.

Ro-100-class submarine
The Ro-100-class submarine (呂百型潜水艦, Ro-hyaku-gata Sensuikan) was a group of medium-sized coastal submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The IJN official designation for this class was Ko type submarine (小型潜水艦, Ko-gata Sensuikan, "Small type Submarine") or Senshō type submarine (潜小型潜水艦, Sen-Shō-gata sensuikan, "Submarine-Small Type"). They are also known as Type KS submarine. The type name was shortened to Sensuikan Ko-gata (潜水艦小型, Submarine-Small Type).
2011 in science
The year 2011 involved many significant scientific events, including the first artificial organ transplant, the launch of China's first space station and the growth of the world population to seven billion. The year saw a total of 78 successful orbital spaceflights, as well as numerous advances in fields such as electronics, medicine, genetics, climatology and robotics.

2011 was declared the International Year of Forests and Chemistry by the United Nations.

Floating point operations per second
Floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or flop/s) is a measure of computer performance in computing, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than instructions per second.
St Mary's Bay, Kent
St Mary's Bay, also known as The Bay, is a coastal village in Kent, England. Situated on Romney Marsh, St Mary's Bay has a long sandy beach which stretches north to Dymchurch and south to Littlestone-on-Sea. It has a station on the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway.

Littlestone-on-Sea
Littlestone-on-Sea is a small coastal village in the parish of New Romney in Kent, England. It was established in the 1880s by Sir Robert Perks as a resort for the gentry, at the point of the local lifeboat station.

At low tide, a World War II Mulberry Harbour Phoenix breakwater is visible along the coast; the caisson was unable to be refloated as part of the post D-Day harbour construction in Normandy, so was abandoned.

The nature of the Phoenix breakwaters meant they were constructed and sunk until needed (so as to be invisible to air attack); by design they would have had the water evacuated by Royal Engineers and then been towed to France where they would have become part of the harbour. There is a P.L.U.T.O. or Pipe Line Under The Ocean, station, formerly used to carry petrol across to France during the D-Day landings.
Deadband
A deadband or dead-band (also known as a dead zone or a neutral zone) is a band of input values in the domain of a transfer function in a control system or signal processing system where the output is zero (the output is 'dead' - no action occurs).  Deadband regions can be used in control systems such as servoamplifiers to prevent oscillation or repeated activation-deactivation cycles (called 'hunting' in proportional control systems).  A form of deadband that occurs in mechanical systems, compound machines such as gear trains is backlash.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
Castellón (Senate constituency)
Castellón is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Castellón. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Province of Castellón
Castellón (Spanish: Provincia de Castellón [kasteˈʎon]); Valencian: Província de Castelló [kasteˈʎo]) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia to the south, Teruel to the west, Tarragona to the north, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The western side of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It has a population of 627,620.
Zelina Vega
Thea Megan Trinidad Büdgen (born December 27, 1990) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the mononymous ring name Zelina (shortened from her previous ring name Zelina Vega).

Trinidad is also known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where she performed under the ring name Rosita, and she was a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion (with Sarita), and for various independent promotions under her real name. In 2017, she debuted on WWE's NXT brand under the ring name Zelina Vega, where she predominantly served as the manager of Andrade "Cien" Almas. WWE released Trinidad in November 2020, but re-signed her less than six months later. Trinidad's ring name was temporarily changed to Queen Zelina after her Queen's Crown tournament win. She is a former one-time WWE Women's United States Champion and one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion (with Carmella).

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Cora applanata
Cora applanata is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Bibiana Moncada, Edier Soto-Medina, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet refers to its applanate (flattened) thallus. The lichen is widely distributed in tropical montane areas of the northern Andes, where it grows on soil along open road banks and on land slides.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Horacio "El Negro" Hernández
Horacio "El Negro" Hernández (born April 24, 1963) is a Cuban drummer and percussionist. He has played alongside Latin jazz pianists such as Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Michel Camilo, Chucho Valdés, Eddie Palmieri and Hilario Durán.

Roy Hargrove
Roy Anthony Hargrove (October 16, 1969 – November 2, 2018) was an American jazz musician and composer whose principal instruments were the trumpet and flugelhorn. He achieved critical acclaim after winning two Grammy Awards for differing styles of jazz in 1998 and 2002. Hargrove primarily played in the hard bop style for the majority of his albums, but also had a penchant for genre-crossing exploration and collaboration with a variety of hip-hop, neo soul, R&B and alternative rock artists. As Hargrove told one reporter, "I've been around all kinds of musicians, and if a cat can play, a cat can play. If it's gospel, funk, R&B, jazz or hip-hop, if it's something that gets in your ear and it's good, that's what matters."
Jethpur
Jethpur is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 144 kilometres (89 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

The villages of Chak Jethpur, Mussapur, Lutera Khurd, Lutera Kalan, Kotli Jamiat Singh are located nearby.

Chak Jethpur
Chak Jethpur is a census town in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Jalandhar and 142 kilometres (88 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).
Jammer (American football)
In American football, jammers are a specialized type of cornerback. Their task is to try to slow down gunners during punts by preventing them from getting a free release, giving punt returners more time to return punts. Depending on the special teams strategy, a special teams coordinator may choose to double-cover the gunner. A jammer is typically played by a back-up for another position.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
ICAM3
Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3) also known as CD50 (Cluster of Differentiation 50), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM3 gene. The protein is constitutively expressed on the surface of leukocytes, which are also called white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ICAM3 mediates adhesion between cells by binding to specific integrin receptors. It plays an important role in the immune cell response through its facilitation of interactions between T cells and dendritic cells, which allows for T cell activation. ICAM3 also mediates the clearance of cells undergoing apoptosis by attracting and binding macrophages, a type of cell that breaks down infected or dying cells through a process known as phagocytosis, to apoptotic cells.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
Roselend Dam
The Roselend Dam is an arch-buttress dam located 5 km (3 mi) east of Beaufort in the Savoie department of the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is located just west and below the Cormet de Roselend mountain pass. The dam was designed by Coyne et Bellier and construction began in 1955. The reservoir began to fill in 1960, the power station was operational in 1961 and the dam complete in 1962. It was constructed for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation and supports the 546 MW La Bâthie Power Station.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Theban Legion
The Theban Legion (also known as the Martyrs of Agaunum) figures in Christian hagiography as a Roman legion from Egypt —"six thousand six hundred and sixty-six men" — consisting of Christian soldiers
who were martyred together in 286, according to the hagiographies of Maurice, the chief among the Legion's saints. Their feast day is held on September 22.

Eucherius of Lyon
Eucherius (c. 380 – c. 449) was a high-born and high-ranking ecclesiastic in the Christian church in Roman Gaul. He is remembered for his letters advocating extreme self-abnegation. From 439, he served as Archbishop of Lyon, and Henry Wace ranked him "the most distinguished occupant of that see" after Irenaeus. He is venerated as a saint within the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.