hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Axotomous antimony glance
Axotomous antimony glance — is a partially obsolete, now trivial name under which at least two related minerals from the subclass of sulfosalts (complex sulfides),: 16  containing antimony, lead and sulfur were known in mineralogy and mineragraphy. Moreover, all three words in the title had meaningful meaning from the point of view of scientific terminology.

Axotomic, axotomous (German: axotomatisch) — meant that the mineral had a so-called perfect cleavage in a certain direction, giving a plane of easy fracture.: 10

Antimony — meant that the mineral contains a significant amount of antimony and is of interest as a natural mineral stibnite of one or more metals.

Glance — meant not just the presence of a metallic luster (shine) on the surface of a mineral, but, first of all, belonging to a broad morphological group of minerals, the so-called glances.

Sulfide mineral
The sulfide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulfide (S2−) or disulfide (S2−2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulfide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulfarsenides and the sulfosalts.  Sulfide minerals are inorganic compounds.
Arphia pseudonietana
Arphia pseudonietana, known generally as the red-winged grasshopper or red-winged locust, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Central America and North America.

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Battle Creek massacre
The Battle Creek massacre was a lynching of a Timpanogos group on March 5, 1849, by a group of 35 Mormon settlers at Battle Creek Canyon near modern Pleasant Grove, Utah. Four were killed. It was the first violent engagement between the settlers who had begun coming to the area two years before, and was in response to reported cattle theft by the group. The attacked group (led by Kone Roman Nose) was outnumbered, outgunned, and had little defense against the militia that crept in and surrounded their camp before dawn. The massacre had been ordered by Brigham Young, the Utah Territory governor and president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The formation of the Mormon settlement of Utah Valley soon followed the attack at Battle Creek. One of the young survivors from the group of 17 children, women, and men who had been attacked grew up to be Antonga Black Hawk, a Timpanogos leader in the Black Hawk War (1865–1872).

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Sarah Haigh
Sarah Jane Haigh is a Professor in the School of Materials at the University of Manchester. She investigates nanomaterials using transmission electron microscopy, including two-dimensional materials such as graphene.

Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a British engineering institution with activities including promotion of the development of materials science.

It has been a registered charity governed by a royal charter and a member of the United Kingdom's Science Council, since 2002. In 2019, the IOM3 celebrated the 150-year anniversary of the establishment of the Iron and Steel Institute which the IOM3 now encompasses. In 2022, it had a gross income of £3.99 million.
Anju, Suining
Anju (Chinese: 安居; pinyin: Ānjū) is a district of Suining, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. It had a population of  431,310 in 2020. It was established in 2003 when the Shizhong District of Suining was split into Chuanshan District and Anju District. The district government is located 23 km from the urban area of Suining.

Anju is noted for pomelo cultivation, lotus root, red kiwifruit and Green peppercorns.

Suining
Suining (simplified Chinese: 遂宁; traditional Chinese: 遂寧; Sichuanese Pinyin: Xu4nin2; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɕy˨˦nin˨˩]; pinyin: Sùiníng; Wade–Giles: Sui-ning) is a prefecture-level city of eastern Sichuan province in Southwest China. According to the 2020 census, Suining had a population of 2,814,196, with 1,612,641 living in built up(or metro) areas.
Hurezani
Hurezani is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Busuioci, Hurezani, Pegeni, Plopu, and Totea de Hurezani.

The commune is located in the southeastern part of Gorj County, 50 km (31 mi) from the country seat, Târgu Jiu. It is crossed by national road DN6B, which connects it to Craiova, 58 km (36 mi) to the south.

Craiova
Craiova (/krəˈjoʊvə/, also US: /kraɪˈoʊvə, krɑːˈjɔːvɑː, krɑːˈjoʊvɑː/, Romanian: [kraˈjova] ⓘ) is the largest city in southwestern Romania, the seventh largest city in the country and the capital of Dolj County, situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia.

It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

Eight villages are administered by the city: Făcăi, Mofleni, Popoveni, Șimnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece, and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.
Luís de Matos
Luís Manuel Curcialeiro Godinho de Matos (born 23 August 1970) is a Portuguese magician. In 2013, he was a co-winner of the "Golden Grolla" alongside Lu Chen and Dynamo. On 19 October 2013, he received "The Devant Award" from The Magic Circle, becoming its youngest recipient.

International Magicians Society
The International Magicians Society (IMS) is a magic society created by Tony Hassini to "help promote and preserve the art of magic and provide a format where magicians could share their secrets and ideas." The society gives its own "Merlin Award" to magicians on a regular basis, though this award is recognized in the wider community, its authenticity has been questioned, and critics allege that the award can increase publicity.
K2-33
K2-33 is an extremely young pre-main-sequence star located about 453 light-years (139 pc) away from the Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. It is known to host one planet, a super-Neptune, named K2-33b. It is also notable for its young age.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Niall Keane
Niall Keane is an Irish philosopher and senior lecturer in philosophy at the University of the West of England.
Previously he taught at the University of Limerick, Ireland. 
Keane is known for his works on Gadamer's thought and hermeneutics.

Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer (/ˈɡɑːdəmər/; German: [ˈɡaːdamɐ]; 11 February 1900 – 13 March 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus on hermeneutics Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode).
Biaxial tensile testing
In materials science and solid mechanics, biaxial tensile testing is a versatile technique to address the mechanical characterization of planar materials. It is a generalized form of tensile testing in which the material sample is simultaneously stressed along two perpendicular axes. Typical materials tested in biaxial configuration include 
metal sheets,
silicone elastomers,
composites,
thin films,
textiles 
and biological soft tissues.

Soft tissue
Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes. Soft tissue is tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth.

It is sometimes defined by what it is not – such as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal mesenchyme exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system and glia".
Cwmgors
Cwmgors is a village in the county of Glamorgan, and administered as part of the unitary authority borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. It is part of the community of Gwaun-cae-Gurwen and lies within the ceremonial county of West Glamorgan.

Cwmgors is represented in Parliament by David Chadwick and in the Senedd by Jeremy Miles.

Its church, Llanfair, falls within the Diocese of St Davids.

The village used to be home to the Yggd Cwmgors primary school, that closed in 2015. At the time of closure it was a Welsh-medium school having originally been a bilingual village school. It fed Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera for fully Welsh-medium education, Ysgol Uwchradd Dyffryn Aman for Welsh- and English-medium education, and Cwmtawe Community Comprehensive School for English-medium education.

Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen
Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen (Welsh: Gwauncaegurwen) is a village and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot. In South West Wales, it was historically a part of Glamorgan and is in the most Welsh-speaking part of Neath Port Talbot. The community is made up of the electoral wards of Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen and Lower Brynamman. The name stems from the Original Gwaun (meaning meadow), Cegir (flower) and Gwen (welsh for white), as before settlement, the land was rich with white meadow flowers.
Marinobacter xestospongiae
Marinobacter xestospongiae is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the sponge Xestospongia testudinaria from the sea coast of Saudi Arabia.

Marinobacter
Marinobacter is a genus of bacteria found in sea water. They are also found in a variety of salt lakes.
A number of strains and species can degrade hydrocarbons. The species involved in hydrocarbon degradation include M. alkaliphilus, M. arcticus, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus, M. maritimus, and M. squalenivorans.

There are currently 46 species of Marinobacter that are characterized by Gram-negative rods and salt-tolerance.
1980 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1980 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the election. Voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The state was ultimately carried by Republican Ronald Reagan, who won 51.16% of the vote and went on to be elected president. Missouri continued its bellwether streak, having voted for the eventual presidential winner every election year since 1904, with the sole exception of the 1956 election.

1904 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1904 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1904. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Missouri voted for the Republican nominee, President Theodore Roosevelt, over the Democratic nominee, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker. Roosevelt won the state by a narrow margin of 3.91%.

With his victory, Roosevelt became the third Republican presidential candidate to win Missouri, but the first one since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868. In voting for the GOP, Missouri repositioned itself from being associated with the Solid South to being seen as a bellwether swing state throughout the twentieth century. From this election until 2008, Missouri only backed a losing presidential candidate once, in 1956.
A Case of Need
A Case of Need is a medical thriller/mystery novel written by Michael Crichton, his fourth novel and the only under the pseudonym Jeffery Hudson. It was first published in 1968 by The World Publishing Company (New York) and won an Edgar Award in 1969.

The novel was adapted into the 1972 film The Carey Treatment. It was re-released in 1993 under Crichton's own name. The novel tackles the issues of abortion and racism as they were in late 1960s America and includes several non-fiction appendixes.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Law Kwok-tai
Law Kwok-tai (or transliterated as Lo Kwok Tai; 5 August 1929 – 1 September 2013) was a football coach and a Republic of China (Taiwan) international footballer, but born and spent his entire playing and coaching career in the British Hong Kong, a colony that geographically located in the southern China. Law retired as a professional footballer in 1976, aged 47. That season he was a player-manager.  He coached until the 1990s, at aged 60s. At international level, he played for Republic of China (Taiwan) in the Olympics as well as Asian Games and AFC Asian Cup. He also played for Hong Kong League XI in non-official match in Merdeka Tournament, as well as "Hong Kong Chinese" team in another friendly tournament, Ho Ho Cup.

Chinese Taipei national football team
The Chinese Taipei national football team (Chinese: 中華台北男子足球代表隊) represents Taiwan (The Republic of China) in international football and is controlled by the Chinese Taipei Football Association. Despite never qualifying for the FIFA World Cup, Chinese Taipei, then known as Republic of China, reached the semi-finals of the 1960 and 1968 AFC Asian Cups, finishing third in the former. The side also won gold at the 1954 and 1958 Asian Games, although the players in the team originated from British Hong Kong.
Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco
Servicios  Ferroviarios del Chaco S.A. (also known for its acronym SEFECHA) (in English: "Chaco Railway Services") was a State-owned railway company which operated passenger rail services in the Chaco Province of Argentina.

These services had previously been run by the state-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos since railway nationalization in 1948.

Ferrocarriles Argentinos
Ferrocarriles Argentinos (abbreviated as FA; lit. 'Argentine Railways') was a state-owned company that managed the entire Argentine railway system for nearly 45 years. It was formed in 1948 when all the private railway companies were nationalised during Juan Perón's first presidential term, and transformed into the Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado Argentino (EFEA; lit. 'Argentine State Railways Company').

FA managed both passenger and freight services, including long-distance and commuter rail trains in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires.

The company was broken up under the government of Carlos Menem following the privatisation of the railways; however in 2015 the government of Cristina Kirchner revived the brand for use on state-owned railways.
James Watson (Chartist)
James Watson (21 September 1799 – 29 November 1874) was an English radical publisher, activist and Chartist. His colleagues in political activity included Henry Hetherington, William Lovett, Thomas Wakley, Thomas Slingsby Duncombe, and Thomas Cooper.

Thomas Cooper (poet)
Thomas Cooper (20 March 1805 – 15 July 1892) was an English poet and a leading Chartist. His prison rhyme the Purgatory of Suicides (1845) runs to 944 stanzas. He also wrote novels and in later life religious texts. He was self-educated and worked as a shoemaker, then a preacher, a schoolmaster and a journalist, before taking up Chartism in 1840. He was seen as a passionate, determined and fiery man.
Murder in Mississippi (painting)
Murder in Mississippi, as named by the artist, is a 1965 painting by Norman Rockwell which was commissioned for an article titled "Southern Justice" in the American magazine Look. The painting depicts the 1964 murders of civil rights activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, and was intended to illustrate an article written on the murders, by civil rights attorney Charles Morgan Jr. The painting is oil on canvas 53 × 42 inches (134.5 × 106.5 cm), and also has a pencil on board study of the same title, both of which reside in the collections of the Norman Rockwell Museum.

James Chaney
James Earl Chaney (May 30, 1943 – June 21, 1964) was an American civil rights activist. He was one of three Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) civil rights workers murdered in Philadelphia, Mississippi, by members of the Ku Klux Klan on June 21, 1964. The others were Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner from New York City.
Interstate 490 (Illinois)
Interstate 490 (I-490), also known as the O'Hare West Bypass and Western O'Hare Beltway, is a six-mile (9.7 km) electronic toll highway and a beltway that is currently under construction near Chicago, Illinois; it will run along the west side of O'Hare International Airport. The tollway will connect I-294 (Tri-State Tollway) to a western access point to the airport. From there, it will continue northward to an extension of Illinois Route 390 (IL 390, formerly known as the Elgin-O'Hare Expressway) and I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway). The O'Hare Western Bypass is part of the Elgin–O'Hare Western Access (EOWA) project. Building the highway will affect the villages of Elk Grove Village, Wood Dale, Itasca, and Bensenville. The route will run through the 1979 American Airlines Flight 191 crash site, the deadliest aviation accident in US history.

Illinois Route 72
Illinois Route 72 is an east–west state highway in northern Illinois. It runs from the intersection with Illinois Route 73 north of Lanark east to Illinois Route 43 (Harlem Avenue) in Chicago. This is a distance of 110.71 miles (178.2 km).
1947 Grand National
The 1947 Grand National was the 101st renewal of the renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1947.

The race was won by 100/1 Irish outsider Caughoo. The eight-year-old was ridden by 35-year-old jockey Eddie Dempsey and trained by Herbert McDowell, for owner John McDowell who had bought Caughoo for £50. The Irish Lough Conn finished in second place, Kami, from France, was third, and Prince Regent, also from Ireland, fourth.

Fifty-seven horses ran – the largest field since 1929 when 66 participated – and all returned safely to the stables.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
McKownville, New York
McKownville is a hamlet in the town of Guilderland, Albany County, New York, United States. It lies along the eastern border of the town with the city of Albany. McKownville is a heavily developed suburb of Albany and is home to many strip malls, shopping centers, and a portion of the University at Albany, SUNY and is bisected by U.S. Route 20 (Western Avenue). McKownville is named for John McKown and family, early settlers from the late 18th century.

Guilderland Central School District
Guilderland Central School District (GCSD) is a school district encompassing most of the Town of Guilderland and parts of Bethlehem, New Scotland, and Knox. The district serves approximately 4,828 K-12 students across seven school buildings.
Darren Soto
Darren Michael Soto (/ˈsoʊtoʊ/ SOH-toe; born February 25, 1978) is an American attorney and Democratic politician who has been the U.S. representative for Florida's 9th district since 2017.

Before his election to Congress, Soto served four years in the Florida Senate and five in the Florida House of Representatives, representing parts of central Florida.

Osceola County, Florida
Osceola County (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 388,656. Its county seat is Kissimmee. Osceola County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Being 54.3% Hispanic, Osceola is one of three Hispanic-majority counties in Florida, owing to its large Puerto Rican American population. It also is the 12th-largest majority-Hispanic county in the nation.
The Case of the Restless Redhead
"The Case of the Restless Redhead" is the premiere episode of the CBS television series Perry Mason. Adapted from the 1954 novel of the same title by Erle Stanley Gardner, this episode marked the beginning of Raymond Burr's long-running portrayal of the famous fictional lawyer.

Erle Stanley Gardner
Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American author and lawyer, best known for the Perry Mason series of legal detective stories.  Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and shorter pieces as well as a series of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions in Mexico.

The best-selling American author of the 20th century at the time of his death, Gardner also published under numerous pseudonyms, including A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray,  Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and once as the Perry Mason character Della Street ("The Case of the Suspect Sweethearts"). Three stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music and Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", also known as "The Jazz Baby".