hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Robinson (1746–1792)
The Hon. Frederic ("Fritz") Robinson (11 October 1746 – 28 December 1792) was an English MP.

Robinson was the second son of Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham. His older brother Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham was Ambassador at Madrid 1771–8; Fritz accompanied him to Spain as his Secretary, though ill-health forced him to return to England in 1777.

He became Tory MP for Ripon in 1781. In 1785, he married Katherine Gertrude Harris, the eldest surviving daughter of the musician and philosopher James Harris. He resigned his seat and accepted a pension in December 1787, and purchased 8 Whitehall Gardens, today Malmesbury House, in 1788; after his death his widow continued to live there until her own death in 1834.

Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham
Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, KB, PC (c. 1695 – 30 September 1770) was a British diplomat and politician who represented Thirsk and Christchurch in the House of Commons of Great Britain between 1727 and 1761.
Marske-by-the-Sea
Marske-by-the-Sea is a village in the civil parish of Saltburn, Marske and New Marske, North Yorkshire, England, between the seaside resorts of Redcar and Saltburn-by-the-Sea.

Marske comprises the wards of Longbeck (shared with New Marske) and St Germains.

Redcar and Cleveland
Redcar and Cleveland is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. Its council has been a unitary authority since 1996.

The borough was created in 1974 as Langbaurgh, and was one of four boroughs in the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. It was renamed Langbaurgh-on-Tees in 1988, and given its present name when Cleveland was abolished in 1996; the borough was made a unitary authority in the same year. Redcar and Cleveland is part of the Tees Valley combined authority, which also includes the boroughs of Darlington, Middlesbrough, Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees; the latter three were also formerly in Cleveland County.

Its main settlement is the town of Redcar. Other notable towns and villages include South Bank, Eston, Brotton, Guisborough, Greater Eston, Loftus, Saltburn-by-the-Sea and Skelton.
Holy Cross Parish, New Britain
Holy Cross Parish (Polish: Parafia Świętego Krzyża w New Britain) is a Roman Catholic parish located in New Britain, Connecticut, United States.  Founded on April 8, 1927, it is in the Archdiocese of Hartford and is one of dozens of Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England.

Polish-American Catholic parishes in New England
A number of Polish-American Catholic parishes were founded by Polish immigrants in New England, United States from 1887. There are 78 such parishes in 10 dioceses.

Fr Franciszek Chalupka was the founder of the first Polish-American parishes in New England.

Media related to Churches built by Polish immigrants in New England at Wikimedia Commons
.africa
.africa is the officially designated top-level domain (TLD) for the African and Pan-African communities and users wherever they reside. It is a sponsored generic top-level domain (gTLD) operated by the Registry Africa. The .africa namespace is open to individuals, businesses and organizations around the world. The .africa domains are intended to showcase their brand and commitment to the African continent, establishing a home for Africa-specific products and services, expanding a brand's regional influence and acquiring online real-estate.

The .africa domain became available to the general public on 4 July 2017.

Top-level domain
A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non-empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.
Sitka National Cemetery
Sitka National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Sitka, Alaska. It encompasses 4.3 acres (1.7 ha), and as of the end of 2005 had 1,049 interments. It is administered as part of the Fort Richardson National Cemetery by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Jakob Rosenhain
Jakob Rosenhain (Jacob, Jacques) (2 December 1813 – 21 March 1894) was a German Jewish pianist and composer.

Rosenhain was born in Mannheim; he made his debut at the age of 11. During their 1837 season, he was a soloist with the London Philharmonic Orchestra (on 17 April), which in 1854 (also in April) programmed one of his symphonies.

He was a friend of Felix Mendelssohn at least from 1839. He worked with Johann Baptist Cramer on a published school of piano-playing. From 1849 he made his home in Paris.

Rosenhain died in Baden-Baden.

Johann Baptist Cramer
Johann (sometimes John) Baptist Cramer (24 February 1771 – 16 April 1858) was an English pianist, composer and music publisher of German origin, born in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the son of Wilhelm Cramer, a famous London violinist and conductor, one of a numerous family who were identified with the progress of music during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Accepted Eclectic
Accepted Eclectic is the third studio album by American rapper Aceyalone. It was released on Ground Control and Project Blowed in 2001. It peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart.

Project Blowed
Project Blowed is an open-mic workshop, its affiliated underground hip hop crew, and record label based in Los Angeles, California at Leimert Park. This hip hop function started in 1994 and features many music groups, emcees, dancers, music producers, and graffiti artists local to the Southern California area.
St Lawrence, Jersey
St Lawrence (French: Saint-Laurent; Jèrriais: St Louothains) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is located 8.0 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of St Helier. The parish covers 5,258 vergées (9.5 km2) and occupies the centre of the Island. St Lawrence Village is also the name of a village in the parish.

Much of the parish is inland, though it has a short stretch of coastline in St Aubin's Bay. It borders St Peter and St Mary to the west, St John to the north and east, and St Helier to the east.

Parishes of Jersey
The parishes of Jersey (Jerriais: Les pâraisses dé Jèrri) are the civil and religious administrative districts of Jersey in the Channel Islands. There are twelve in total; all have access to the sea and share a name with their ancient parish churches.

The parishes and the roles within their structures are ancient; some of the parishes perhaps date to the fifth century AD. They are governed by principles and customs that form part of the Norman customary law from which Jersey law originates. As such, many of the parish roles and structures have often been ill-defined. The main role of the modern parish is similar to local government structures in other countries, with the parishes having powers over waste collection, law enforcement and roads maintenance. These responsibilities are mostly shared with the States.: 24
European Universities Volleyball Championships
The European Universities Volleyball Championships were the first championships, along with the European Universities Basketball Championships, to be included on the EUSA Sports Program.

They have been organised annually since 2001.

The European Universities Volleyball Championships are coordinated by the European University Sports Association, along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European Universities Championships.

European Universities Championships
European Universities Championships (EUC) are university sports competitions governed by the European University Sports Association (EUSA) since 2001. There are currently 23 sports in which the championships are organised. Participants in these events are European university teams and individuals.

In 2019 new Championships were created for kickboxing, orienteering, beach handball and water polo.
Maya Aboul Hosn
Maya Aboul Hosn (Arabic: مايا أبو الحسن; born January 16, 1998) is a Lebanese model, influencer, television presenter and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Lebanon 2023 after placing as 1st Runner-Up at the Miss Lebanon 2022 pageant. She represented Lebanon at the Miss Universe 2023 pageant in El Salvador on November 18, 2023.

Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International
The Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International, widely known as LBCI, Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation or LBC, is a private television station in Lebanon. LBCI was founded in 1992 by acquiring the assets, liabilities and logo of LBC, an entity founded in 1985 during the Lebanese Civil War by the Lebanese Forces militia.

LBCI went global in 1996 when it launched its satellite channel LBC Al-Fadha'iya Al-Lubnaniya (Arabic: الفضائية اللبنانية) covering Lebanon, the Arab world, Europe, America, Australia, and Africa.
Gale & Polden
Gale & Polden was a British printer and publisher. Founded in Brompton, near Chatham, Kent in 1868, the business subsequently moved to Aldershot, where it was based until its closure in November 1981 after the company had been bought by media mogul Robert Maxwell.

Maxwell Communication Corporation
Maxwell Communication Corporation plc was a leading British media business. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It collapsed in 1991 following the death of its titular owner, Robert Maxwell.
Brij Mohan Kaul
Brij Mohan Kaul (1912–1972) was a Lieutenant General in the Indian Army. He served as the Chief of General Staff during 1961–1962 and was regarded as a key architect of Indian military response to the Chinese challenge.
In October 1962, he was given the command of a newly raised IV Corps to counter the impending Chinese invasion of NEFA (modern day Arunachal Pradesh), but it got routed by the Chinese.

He was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal in 1960.

He resigned in the aftermath of the war,

Army Service Corps (India)
The Army Service Corps (ASC) is an administrative corps and an arm of the Indian Army which handles its logistic support. It is the oldest and the largest administrative service in the Indian Army. While the history of supply and transport services is as old as the history of organized warfare itself it was in 1760 that the very rudimentary supply and transport organizations of the three presidencies of the East India Company were brought under the council of a single authority.
Wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Charlene Wittstock
The wedding of Prince Albert II of Monaco and Charlene Wittstock took place on 1 and 2 July 2011 at the Prince's Palace of Monaco. The groom was the sovereign prince of the Principality of Monaco. The bride was a South African Olympic swimmer. A two-day public holiday for the celebrations was declared.

Commentators said that the wedding would be important for Monaco to survive as a tax haven. Monegasque authorities believed that the event would increase tourism.
The civil ceremony was held in the Throne Room, conducted by Philippe Narmino, president of the Council of State, while the religious ceremony took place in the courtyard of the palace, and was presided over by Archbishop Bernard Barsi.

Jacques Rogge
Jacques Jean Marie, Count Rogge (French: [ʒɑk ʁɔɡ], Dutch: [ʑɑk ˈrɔɣə] ⓘ; 2 May 1942 – 29 August 2021) was a Belgian sports administrator, former athlete, and physician, who served as the eighth president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 2001 to 2013. In 2013, Rogge became the IOC's honorary president, a lifetime position, which he held until his death from Parkinson's disease in August 2021.
Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
Abū al‐ʿAbbās ibn Isḥāq al‐Tamīmī al‐Tūnisī (Arabic: ابن اسحاق التونسي), was a 13th-century Tunisian astronomer and the author of an important zij which inaugurated a new astronomical tradition in the Maghreb for centuries to come.

Almost nothing is known about Ibn Isḥaq's life. Besides his unfinished zij, the only information about him comes from the North African scholars Ibn Khaldūn and Ibn al-Banna', which shows him being active in Marrakesh besides his native Tunisia. It could be deduced from his name that he belonged to the Banu Tamim tribe.

Ibn Isḥaq's astronomical tables have only survived in a newly discovered manuscript edited by a later author. The anonymous author seems to have completed the work by adding canons for the tables. The work was partly based on original observations made by Ibn Isḥaq himself and by a contemporary Jewish astronomer from Sicily, while on the other part it was based on Andalusian sources including the works of al-Zarqali, al-Jayyani and others.

Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
Ibn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī (Arabic: ابن البناء المراكشي), full name: Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi al-Marrakushi (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن عثمان الأزدي)  (29 December 1256 – 31 July 1321), was a Arab polymath who was active as a mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi and astrologer.
Mildred Bryant Jones
Mildred Bryant Jones (16 November 1887 – 15 February 1966) was an African American musician and teacher, an officer of the National Association of Negro Musicians, and a friend of W. E. B. Du Bois, who was said to have had 'a special passion and admiration' for her. She was the first African American appointed as Director of Music at Wendell Phillips High School, Chicago, and an influence on a number of significant figures while there, including Harold Washington and Timuel Black.

Timuel Black
Timuel Dixon Black Jr. (December 7, 1918 – October 13, 2021) was an American educator, civil rights activist, historian and author. A native of Alabama, Black was raised in Chicago, Illinois, and studied the city's African-American history. He was active in the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, most notably participating in Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Chicago Freedom Movement during 1965 and 1966. Black was part of a coalition of Black Chicagoans that worked to elect Chicago's first African-American mayor, Harold Washington, in 1983, and he mentored a young Barack Obama, the future U.S. president, on building a political base on Chicago's South Side.
USS South Wind
USS South Wind (1861) was a schooner purchased by the Union Navy on 13 August 1861 at Baltimore, Maryland, for the "Stone Fleet" of American Civil War fame.

These ships, heavily laden with stone, were sunk in the channel approaches to leading Southern ports in order to block maritime trade of the Confederate States of America.

On 11 October 1861, South Wind, along with four other vessels, was sunk in the Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina, an entrance to Pamlico Sound.

Stone Fleet
The Stone Fleet consisted of a fleet of aging ships (mostly whaleships) purchased in New Bedford and other New England ports, loaded with stone, and sailed south during the American Civil War by the Union Navy for use as blockships. They were to be deliberately sunk at the entrance of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, in the hope of obstructing blockade runners, then supplying Confederate interests. Although some sank along the way and others were sunk near Tybee Island, Georgia, to serve as breakwaters, wharves for the landing of Union troops, the majority were divided into two lesser fleets. One fleet was sunk to block the south channel off Morris Island, and the other to block the north channel near Rattlesnake Shoals off the present day Isle of Palms in what proved to be failed efforts to block access the main shipping channels into Charleston Harbor.
Symphony No. 3 (Toch)
Symphony No. 3, Op. 75  (1955) is Ernst Toch's (1887—1964) third of seven symphonies. He was awarded the 1956 Pulitzer Prize for Music for the piece. Premiered December 2, 1955 by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra conducted by William Steinberg, it was commissioned by the American Jewish Tercentenary Committee of Chicago.

The orchestration includes a "hisser", a carbon dioxide tank that makes a hissing noise, whose use is optional. His first three symphonies were inspired by his need to flee Nazi Germany and move to America.

Selecting the piece the jury wrote: "one of his finest works, of sure craftsmanship, contemporary in feeling, without self-conscious striving for the new and the original, beautiful and brilliant in orchestral sound."

Pulitzer Prize for Music
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters, Drama, and Music. It was first given in 1943. Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year, and this was eventually converted into a prize: "For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year."

Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award, the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance. In 2004, the terms were modified to read: "For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year."
Juan Domingo de Monteverde
Juan Domingo de Monteverde y Rivas (born Juan Domingo de Monteverde; 2 April 1773  – 15 September 1832), commonly known as Domingo de Monteverde, was a Spanish soldier, governor and Captain General of Venezuela from June 1812 to 8 August 1813. Monteverde was the leader of Spanish forces in the Venezuelan War of Independence from 1812 to 1813. Monteverde led the military campaign that culminated in the fall of the First Republic of Venezuela in 1812. One year later in 1813, Monteverde was defeated by Simón Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign.

Mantuano
Mantuano is a denomination assigned, first in Caracas and later in the rest of Venezuela, to the “blancos criollos” (Europeans born in Hispanic America) belonging to the local aristocracy. The term was in use from the 18th century until well into the 19th century. The mantuanos hardly surpassed a hundred heads of family by the end of the 18th century.

The mantuanos were also called "grandes cacaos", because they became rich with the cultivation and commercialization of cocoa. They were also called blancos criollos. The name blanco criollo only indicates that a person was born in America and was a descendant of Spaniards, while the word mantuano refers to members of the local elite. Other whites who also had the same birthplace and ancestry of Spanish origin, such as the blancos de orilla, were not part of the mantuano circle.
Laxey Car Sheds
Laxey Car Shed (Manx: Bwaagyn Charr Laksaa) is a storage facility for the Manx Electric Railway in the village of Laxey on the Isle of Man. It also serves as an intermediate stopping place on the line, being the last before reaching the mid-way point of the village station.

Manx Electric Railway
The Manx Electric Railway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Lectragh Vannin) is an electric interurban tramway connecting Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. It connects with the Douglas Bay Horse Tramway at its southern terminus at Derby Castle at the northern end of the promenade in Douglas, and with the Snaefell Mountain Railway at Laxey. Many visitors take an excursion on the trams. It is the oldest electric tram line in the world whose original rolling stock is still in service.
Drever
The Drever is a breed of dog, a short-legged scenthound from Sweden used for hunting deer and other game. The Drever is descended from the Westphalian Dachsbracke, a type of German hound called Bracke. The breed name Drever was chosen through a contest in 1947.

Hunting dog
A hunting dog is a dog that hunts with or for hunters. There are several different types of hunting dog developed for various tasks and purposes. The major categories of hunting dog include hounds, terriers, cur type dogs, and gun dogs. Further distinctions within these categories can be made, based upon the dog's skills and capabilities. They are usually larger and have a more sensitive smell than normal dogs.
Takafumi Otsuka
Takafumi Otsuka Japanese: 大塚隆史 (born August 22, 1986) is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the bantamweight, featherweight and lightweight division. A professional mixed martial artist since 2006, Otsuka is a two-time DEEP Bantamweight Champion and a one-time DEEP Featherweight Champion.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
1949–50 Western Kentucky State Hilltoppers basketball team
The 1949–50 Western Kentucky State Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College (now known as Western Kentucky University) during the 1949-50 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and All-American center Bob Lavoy.  The team then won the Ohio Valley Conference season championship and appeared in the 1950 National Invitation Tournament.   During this period, the NIT was considered to be on par with the NCAA tournament.  Lavoy and Johnny Givens were named to the All-Conference team, Lavoy was also selected to the OVC All-Tournament team.

Western Kentucky University
Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a few decades earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro. The main campus sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.
Great Lakes Circle Tour
The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.  It consists of routes for circumnavigating the lakes, either individually or collectively. It was designated by the Great Lakes Commission in 1988.

Erie County, Pennsylvania
Erie County is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,876. Its county seat is Erie. The county was created in 1800 and later organized in 1803. The county is part of the Northwest region of the commonwealth.
James Blood Ulmer
James "Blood" Ulmer (born February 8, 1940) is an American jazz, free funk and blues guitarist and singer. Ulmer plays a Gibson Byrdland guitar. His guitar sound has been described as "jagged" and "stinging". His singing has been called "raggedly soulful".

James Carter (musician)
James Carter (born January 3, 1969) is an American jazz musician widely recognized for his technical virtuosity on saxophones and a variety of woodwinds. He is the cousin of noted jazz violinist Regina Carter.