hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mirèio
Mirèio (in Mistralian norm, pronounced [miˈɾɛjɔ]; Mirèlha in classical norm, pronounced [miˈɾɛʎɔ]) is a poem in Occitan (Provençal) by French writer Frédéric Mistral, written in 1859 after eight years of effort. Mirèio, a long poem consisting of twelve songs, tells of the thwarted love of Vincent and Mireille, two young Provençal people of different social backgrounds. The name Mireille/Mirèio was coined by Mistral as a doublet of the word meraviho 'wonder'.

Mistralian norm
The Mistralian norm is a linguistic norm for the Occitan language. It was first used in a published work by Joseph Roumanille in 1853, and then by Frédéric Mistral in 1854. Its aim is to make Provençal Occitan orthography closer to French, relying on a mixture of traditional spelling and French spelling conventions.

The Tresor dòu Felibrige, published by the Félibrige in 1878, was written entirely in the Mistralian norm.
Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)
Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) is the inorganic compound with the formula NiCl2(en)2, where en = ethylenediamine. The formula is deceptive: the compound is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Ni2Cl2(en)4]2+. This blue solid is soluble in water and some polar organic solvents.  It is prepared by ligand redistribution from [Ni(en)3]Cl2 · 2 H2O and hydrated nickel chloride:

2 [Ni(en)3]Cl2  +  NiCl2   →   3 NiCl2(en)2

The rapid ligand redistribution is characteristic of the kinetic lability of octahedral nickel(II) complexes.  In contrast with the lability of [Ni(en)3]Cl2+ is the inertness of the isostructural tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) cation.

Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride
Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula [Co(en)3]Cl3 (where "en" is the abbreviation for ethylenediamine). It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(en)3]3+.  This trication was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its stereochemistry.  Many different salts have been described.  The complex was first described by Alfred Werner who isolated this salt as yellow-gold needle-like crystals.
Wilhelmsdorf, Bavaria
Wilhelmsdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪlhɛlmsˌdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria in Germany.

Wilhelmsdorf was established by Huguenots. The village was named after the sovereign ruler George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, who refuged them. The Huguenot tradition is still a part of the village history. Sermons in the local Lutheran church were held in French until around 1900.

In the 19th century Wilhelmsdorf was well known for their stocking-weavers. In 1903 the first compass factory was established. In the 20th century several competing compass factories were located at Wilhelmsdorf. Now Wilhelmsdorf has a compass museum.

Wilhelmsdorf should not be mistaken for Wilhermsdorf, a village 15 km away.

Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim
Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim (German: Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim, official Landkreis Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Würzburg, Kitzingen, Bamberg, Erlangen-Höchstadt, Fürth and Ansbach, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (district Main-Tauber).
Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children
Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children (WPSBC) is a private chartered school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for individuals with blindness and visual impairment. It serves nearly 500 individuals ages 3 to 59 from 33 counties through on-campus school programs, A Child’s VIEW inclusive childcare, LAVI adult program, residential program and outreach services.

WPSBC is one of four chartered schools in Pennsylvania– along with the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, the Overbrook School for the Blind and the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
The Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf (WPSD) is a school for deaf and hard of hearing children in Edgewood, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1869. The school is listed as a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark. The administrative building was built in 1903 by architects Alden & Harlow.
AAM-3
The Mitsubishi AAM-3 or Type 90 air-to-air missile (90式空対空誘導弾) is a short-range all-aspect air-to-air missile developed by Japan. It has been officially operated since 1991, and is expected to ultimately replace the US AIM-9 Sidewinder.

Developed as a successor to the AIM-9L Sidewinder, the AAM-3 improved target acquisition and tracking capabilities through more sensitive temperature difference detection, and improved flight manoeuvrability of the missile itself. Research began as early as 1974, but full-scale development only began in 1986 and entered service in 1991 (Heisei 2).

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Dean Cornwell
Dean Cornwell (March 5, 1892 – December 4, 1960) was an American illustrator and muralist. His oil paintings were frequently featured in popular magazines and books as literary illustrations, advertisements, and posters promoting the war effort. Throughout the first half of the 20th century he was a dominant presence in American illustration. At the peak of his popularity he was nicknamed the "Dean of Illustrators".

National Society of Mural Painters
The National Society of Mural Painters (NSMP) is an American artists' organization originally known as The Mural Painters. The charter of the society is to advance the techniques and standards for the design and execution of mural art for the enrichment of architecture in the United States.
Pukguksong-5
The Pukguksong-5 (Korean: 북극성-5; lit. Polaris 5) is a North Korean two-stage, solid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). First unveiled in January 2021 during a military parade, Pukguksong-5 is an evolution of Pukguksong-3 with a longer range and a larger size. The missile may also be capable of carrying a heavier payload or multiple warheads. North Korea has claimed Pukguksong-5 as "the world's most powerful weapon".

Submarine-launched ballistic missile
A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), each of which carries a nuclear warhead and allows a single launched missile to strike several targets. Submarine-launched ballistic missiles operate in a different way from submarine-launched cruise missiles.

Modern submarine-launched ballistic missiles are closely related to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), with ranges of over 5,500 kilometres (3,000 nmi), and in many cases SLBMs and ICBMs may be part of the same family of weapons.
Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park
Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park is a California state park located in Napa County between St. Helena and Calistoga.  The park is the site of a water-powered grist mill that was built in 1846 is one of only two water-driven mills remaining west of the Mississippi River.

St. Helena, California
St. Helena (/həˈliːnə/ hə-LEE-nə) is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the population was 5,430 at the 2020 census.

St. Helena is a popular tourist destination, owing to its vineyards and culinary scene. The city is the center of St. Helena American Viticultural Area (AVA), which expands 9,060 acres (14 sq mi) of the Napa Valley with over 400 vineyards encompassing 6,800 acres (2,800 ha) of cultivation. St. Helena is the location of The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone and a campus of Napa Valley College.
1986 Grand Prix d'Automne
The 1986 Grand Prix d'Automne was the 80th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 12 October 1986. The race started in Créteil and finished in Chaville. The race was won by Phil Anderson.

Paris–Tours
Paris–Tours is a French one-day classic road cycling race held every October from the outskirts of Paris to the cathedral city of Tours. It is a predominantly flat course through the Chevreuse and Loire valleys; the highest point is 200 m, at Le Gault-du-Perche. Historically, it is known as a "Sprinters' Classic" because it frequently ends in a bunch sprint at the finish, in Tours. Since 2018, the course has featured gravel sectors in vineyards near Tours.

For several decades the race arrived on the 2.7 km long Avenue de Grammont, one of cycling's best-known finishing straits, particularly renowned among sprinters. Since 2011 the finish was moved to a different location because a new tram line was built on the Avenue de Grammont.
Music of Chad
Chad is an ethnically diverse Central African country.  Each of its regions has its own unique varieties of music and dance.  The Fulani people, for example, use single-reeded flutes, while the ancient griot tradition uses five-string kinde and various kinds of horns, and the Tibesti region uses lutes and fiddles.  Musical ensembles playing horns and trumpets such as the long royal trumpets known as "waza" or "kakaki" are used in coronations and other upper-class ceremonies throughout both Chad and Sudan.

The national anthem of Chad is "La Tchadienne," written in 1960 by Paul Villard and Louis Gidrol with help from Gidrol's student group.

La Tchadienne
"La Tchadienne" (English: "Song of the Chadian", lit. '"The Chadian (Song)"') is the national anthem of Chad. Written by Louis Gidrol and his student group and composed by Paul Villard, it has been the official state anthem of Chad since it gained independence from France in January 1960.
Ochapowace 71
Ochapowace 71 is an Indian reserve of the Ochapowace Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 8 kilometres northeast of Broadview. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 426 living in 126 of its 138 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 61 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Broadview, Saskatchewan
Broadview is a town in Saskatchewan along Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway, about 155 kilometres (96 mi) east of Regina. The local economy is based mainly on agriculture. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Rural Municipality of Elcapo No. 154
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
The Sarcophagus of the Spouses (Italian: Sarcofago degli Sposi) is a tomb effigy considered one of the masterpieces of Etruscan art. The Etruscans lived in Italy between two main rivers, the Arno and the Tiber, and were in contact with the Ancient Greeks through trade, mainly during the Orientalizing and Archaic periods. The Etruscans were well known for their terracotta sculptures and funerary art, predominantly sarcophagi and urns. This sarcophagus is a late sixth-century BCE Etruscan anthropoid sarcophagus found at the Banditaccia necropolis in Caere, and is now located in the National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia, Rome.

Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (pl.: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word sarcophagus comes from the Greek σάρξ sarx meaning "flesh", and φαγεῖν phagein meaning "to eat"; hence sarcophagus means "flesh-eating", from the phrase lithos sarkophagos (λίθος σαρκοφάγος), "flesh-eating stone". The word also came to refer to a particular kind of limestone that was thought to rapidly facilitate the decomposition of the flesh of corpses contained within it due to the chemical properties of the limestone itself.
Conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts
The conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts refers to the preservation of art and artifacts made of wood. Conservation and restoration in regards to cultural heritage is completed by a conservator-restorer.

See also Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture

Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture
The conservation and restoration of wooden furniture is an activity dedicated to the preservation and protection of wooden furniture objects of historical and personal value. When applied to cultural heritage this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer.  Furniture conservation and restoration can be divided into two general areas: structure and finish. Structure generally relates to wood and can be divided into solid, joined, and veneered wood. The finish of furniture can be painted or transparent.

Furniture has existed throughout all the years of human existence. Furniture that is very dated or is an antique can be conserved or restored so that future generations may also enjoy them for cultural, educational and personal benefit. There are many organizations and guidebooks that can be used to understand the techniques that are used to conserve and restore furniture.
SABIS
SABIS is a global education management organization headquartered in Choueifat, Lebanon, operating a network of private schools and charter schools worldwide. Founded in 1886 with the establishment of the International School of Choueifat in Lebanon, SABIS has grown into a multinational network with schools in over 20 countries, including the Gulf, the United States, Europe, Africa, and Latin America.

SABIS schools serve students from kindergarten through grade 12. The organization continues to expand, with recent developments including partnerships in emerging markets and the modernization of its flagship campuses.

Education management organization
An education management organization (EMO) is a term of art describing a for-profit entity that manages schools.  It provides a distinction from charter management organization which is a non-profit manager of charter schools.  The terms are often used interchangeably, with resulting confusion.

Other and older usages of the term describe an organization that develops and distributes school curricula. These organizations in the United States provide the curricula for public schools, charter schools, virtual schools, and homeschooling parents.
Frank Ivancie
Francis James Ivancie (July 19, 1924 – May 2, 2019) was an American businessman and politician who served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1980 to 1985. Prior to his term as mayor, Ivancie served for fourteen years on the Portland City Council. After his retirement from elected office, Ivancie remained active in community affairs, occasionally lending his support to political causes. During his political career, Ivancie was a conservative Democrat.

Mayor of Portland, Oregon
The mayor of Portland, Oregon, is the official head of the city of Portland, Oregon, United States. The officeholder is elected for a four-year term and has no term limits. By law, all elections in Portland are nonpartisan. The current mayor is Keith Wilson, who has served since January 1, 2025, and was first elected in the 2024 election.

The current term for mayor of Portland is four years, having been increased from two years in 1913. Mayoral elections were previously held in May of U.S. presidential election years (years divisible by four), during the Oregon primary election, with a runoff between the top two vote-getters held in November of the same year should no candidate garner a majority vote in the May election, however a new system taking effect in 2024 holds a single general election in November of presidential election years using the instant runoff ranked choice voting method. The mayor-elect takes office the following January.
Heriotdale
Heriotdale is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The suburb lying south of Malvern and north of Rosherville, is an industrial area. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Malvern, Johannesburg
Malvern is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. Situated east of the Johannesburg CBD, it lies south of Kensington and north of the industrial suburb of Denver. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and lies just west of Bedfordview in the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.
Oclemena
Oclemena is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae within the family Asteraceae. All species in the genus are native to eastern North America. The species were originally included in the genus Aster so they are often referred to simply as asters. Since their flower heads are nodding in bud, they are sometimes called nodding-asters.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.
Maidenhead Regatta
Maidenhead Regatta is a rowing regatta in England which takes place in Maidenhead, Berkshire. It is held in August.

The regatta, which was founded in 1893, attracts top crews from around the UK. It is organised by Maidenhead Rowing Club. Until 2007, the regatta was held on the River Thames on the reach above Bray Lock. Racing took place on a 500-metre upstream course finishing at Maidenhead Railway Bridge. In 2007 the regatta moved to Dorney Lake, Buckinghamshire, but it returned to the river in Maidenhead in 2009.

Maidenhead Rowing Club
Maidenhead Rowing Club is a rowing club, on the River Thames in England at Maidenhead, Berkshire.

The clubhouse is on the reach above Bray Lock on the Maidenhead bank of the Thames between Maidenhead Railway Bridge and Maidenhead Bridge. The club regularly races at local and national events with considerable success.

The club's colours are Brunswick green and white, and its symbol is a five-pointed star. There is also a coat of arms used on the club's blazer badges, which features a shield with a five-pointed star on one half, and a 'Maiden's head' on the other half, with a pair of crossed oars and arm above it, and the words 'Manu Forti' ("strong arm") below it.
Emergency Action Message
In the United States military's strategic nuclear weapon nuclear command and control (NC2) system, an Emergency Action Message (EAM) is a preformatted message that directs nuclear-capable forces to execute specific Major Attack Options (MAOs) or Limited Attack Options (LAOs) in a nuclear war.  They are the military commands that the US military chain of command would use to launch a nuclear strike.  Individual countries or specific regions may be included or withheld in the EAM, as specified in the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). The SIOP was updated annually until February 2003, when it was replaced by Operations Plan (OPLAN) 8044. Since July 2012, the US nuclear war plan has been OPLAN 8010-12, Strategic Deterrence and Force Employment.

Raven Rock Mountain Complex
The Raven Rock Mountain Complex (RRMC), also known as Site R and simply The Rock, is a U.S. military installation with an underground nuclear bunker near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania. Raven Rock Mountain has been called an "underground Pentagon".: 2  The bunker has emergency operations centers for the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. Along with Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center in Virginia and the Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado, it formed the core bunker complexes for the US continuity of government plan during the Cold War to survive a nuclear attack.
Greater short-toed lark
The greater short-toed lark (Calandrella brachydactyla) is a small passerine bird. The current scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus name, Calandrella, is a diminutive of kalandros, the calandra lark, and brachydactila is from brakhus, "short", and daktulos, "toe".

It breeds in southern Europe, north-west Africa, and across the Palearctic from Turkey and southern Russia to Mongolia. During migration they form large, tight flocks that move in unison; at other times they form loose flocks.

Henry Baker Tristram
Henry Baker Tristram FRS (11 May 1822 – 8 March 1906) was an English clergyman, Bible scholar, traveller and ornithologist. As a parson-naturalist he was an early, but short-lived, supporter of Darwinism, attempting to reconcile evolution and creation.
Kilchoman distillery
Kilchoman distillery (pronounced Kil-ho-man) is a distillery that produces single malt Scotch whisky on Islay, an island of the Inner Hebrides. Kilchoman Distillery is in the northwest of the island, close to Machir Bay. Kilchoman was founded by Anthony Wills and remains an independent, family run distillery. It is the smallest on the island but since obtaining Rockside Farm in 2015, is in the process of expanding.

Single malt Scotch
Single malt Scotch refers to single malt whisky made in Scotland. To qualify for this category, a whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley. Therefore, a single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. As with any Scotch whisky, a single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in oak casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer.
Iberodon
Iberodon is a small, extinct mammal of the Lower Cretaceous from Portugal. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and led its obscure and plant-eating existence in the company of dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae.

The genus Iberodon was named by Hahn G. and Hahn R. in 1999 based on a single species. The species, known  as Iberodon quadrituberculatus, is known from teeth found in Berriasian (Lower Cretaceous)-age strata of Portugal.

Pinheirodontidae
Pinheirodontidae is a poorly known family of fossil mammals which belong to the informal suborder "Plagiaulacida" within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Europe (predominantly Portugal and Spain), but are so far restricted to isolated teeth, as well as a single lower jaw. The family Pinheirodontidae was named by Hahn G. and Hahn R. in 1999, after the locality of Porto Dinheiro, in central west Portugal.

Their closest relatives are believed to be Paulchoffatiidae. Cladogram after Carvalho et al. 2025