hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1950 United States Senate special election in Connecticut
The 1950 United States Senate special election in Connecticut took place on November 7, 1950 in Connecticut, as part of the 1950 Senate elections. The incumbent Republican Senator Raymond E. Baldwin resigned on December 16, 1949, to accept appointment to the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors. William Benton, the former Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, was appointed to the vacant seat. Benton defeated Prescott Bush in the special election by a margin of 1,102 votes, the closest Senate election of that year. In the concurrent regular election, Brien McMahon won re-election by a margin of 5.1%. Benton would go on to lose election to a full term in the 1952 regular election, while Bush would be elected to the other seat in the special election.

1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator William Benton, who won a special election to complete the term of retiring Senator Raymond Baldwin, was defeated by Republican William A. Purtell after serving only 2 years.
Shimotsukare
Shimotsukare (しもつかれ) is a local Japanese dish served in the Northern Kantō region of Japan, primarily in Tochigi Prefecture but also in Gunma Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture. The dish is generally served on hatsu-u-no hi (初午の日, literally; first day of horse in the month of February) together with sekihan as an offering to appease the legendary deity, inari. Shimotsukare is usually made by simmering salmon head, vegetables, soybeans, abura-age (あぶらあげ or deep fried tofu skins) and sake kasu (酒粕, literally rice pulp from fermented sake). Common additional ingredients include grated raw radish (oroshi daikon) and carrots. The dish is also known as shimitsukari, shimitsukare or sumitsukare in some areas.

Sake kasu
Sake kasu (酒粕) or sake lees are the pressed lees left from the production of sake (Japanese rice wine). It is a white paste used in cooking. Its taste is fruity and similar to sake. A by-product of Japanese sake production, it typically contains 8% alcohol, has high nutritional value, and might have health benefits.

Sake kasu is used as a marinade for Japanese dishes based on fish, vegetables, and meat, and contributes an umami flavor to the dish. Sake kasu is also found in cosmetics and skincare products. Sake kasu is considered a part of the Japanese "no waste" culture since the waste of the sake production is used in various ways. Mirin, a type of sweet Japanese sake, can also produce kasu called mirin kasu. Similar to sake kasu, mirin kasu can also be used as a healthy food ingredient.
Copper Peak (Washington)
Copper Peak is an 8,965-foot (2,733-metre) mountain summit located in the Entiat Mountains, a sub-range of the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. Copper Peak is situated 80 miles northeast of Seattle in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest. Copper Peak ranks 21st-highest on Washington's highest 100 peaks, and 19th on the "Bulger List." The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Fernow, 0.88 miles (1.42 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glacier on the southeast slope drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek. The first ascent of the peak was made in August 1937 by Franklin Bennet, Edgar Courtwright, and Toivo Hagman. The peak's toponym refers to an abandoned copper mine that once operated at the northeast base of the peak.

Glacier Peak Wilderness
Glacier Peak Wilderness is a 566,057-acre (229,075 ha), 35-mile-long (56 km), 20-mile-wide (32 km) wilderness area  located within portions of Chelan, Snohomish, and Skagit counties in the North Cascades of Washington. The area lies within parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Mount Baker National Forest and is characterized by heavily forested stream courses, steep-sided valleys, and dramatic glacier-crowned peaks. The dominant geologic feature of the area is 10,541-foot (3,213 m) Glacier Peak. It is the most remote major volcanic peak in the Cascade Range and is the third most heavily glaciated volcano in the lower forty-eight states behind Mount Rainier and Mount Baker. Glacier Peak is a volcanic cone of basalt, pumice, and ash which erupted during periods of heavy glaciation.
Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria
A variety of customs and traditions are associated with Carnival celebrations in the German-speaking countries of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. They can vary considerably from country to country, but also from one small region to another. This is reflected in the various names given to these festivities occurring before Lent.

Rosenmontag
Rosenmontag (German: [ˌʁoːzn̩ˈmoːntaːk] ⓘ; English: Rose-Monday) is the highlight of the German Karneval (carnival), and takes place on the Shrove Monday before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent. Mardi Gras, though celebrated on Fat Tuesday, is a similar event.

Rosenmontag is celebrated in German-speaking countries, including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium (Eupen, Kelmis), but most heavily in the carnival strongholds including the Rhineland, especially in Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf, Aachen, and Mainz. In contrast to Germany, in Austria, the highlight of the carnival is not Rosenmontag, but Shrove Tuesday.

The name for the carnival comes from the German dialect word roose, meaning 'to frolic', and Montag, meaning 'Monday'.
Venezuela at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Venezuela competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy. 36 competitors, 31 men and 5 women, were selected by the Comité Olímpico Venezolano to take part in 26 events in 9 sports. The Venezuelan representation was similar to that of the Helsinki Games that awarded the country first olympic medal but including for the first time a Venezuelan sailing and weightlifting representation. The sporting shooter Enrico Forcella won the nation's second ever Olympic medal and to date solely Olympic medallist in shooting. Women's return after being absent from the previous game, competing in fencing like before but also for the first time in swimming.

Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 5 to 9 September 1960 at the shooting ranges in Rome. 66 shooters from 38 nations competed. Each nation could send up to two shooters. The event was won by Ion Dumitrescu of Romania, the nation's first medal in the men's trap. The defending champion, Galliano Rossini of Italy, took silver this time to become the first person to earn multiple medals in the trap competition. Soviet shooter Sergei Kalinin received bronze.
Ugyen Wangchuck
Gongsar Ugyen Wangchuck (Dzongkha: ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག, Wylie: o rgyan dbang phyug; 11 June 1862 – 26 August 1926) was the founder and first king of Bhutan, reigning from 17 December 1907 until his death in 1926. In his lifetime, he made efforts to unite the fledgling country.

Druk Desi
The Druk Desi (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་, Wylie: 'brug sde-srid; also called Deb Raja) was the title of the secular (administrative) rulers of Bhutan under the dual system of government between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Under this system, government authority was divided among secular and religious administrations, both unified under the nominal authority of the Zhabdrung Rinpoche. Druk, meaning 'thunder dragon', refers symbolically to Bhutan, whose most ancient name is Druk-yul. Desi, meaning 'regent', was the chief secular office in the realm under this system of government.
Chemins de fer de l'Ouest
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də lwɛst], lit. 'Western Railway Company', abbr. CF de l'Ouest), often referred to simply as L'Ouest or Ouest, was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɑ̃ lɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois or Saint-Germinois. With its elegant tree-lined streets it is one of the more affluent suburbs of Paris, combining both high-end leisure spots and exclusive residential neighborhoods (see the Golden Triangle of the Yvelines).

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a sub-prefecture of the department. Because it includes the National Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, it covers approximately 48 km2 (19 sq mi), making it the largest commune in the Yvelines. It occupies a large loop of the Seine. Saint-Germain-en-Laye lies at one of the western termini of Line A of the RER.
Daniel Hackett
Daniel Lorenzo Hackett (born December 19, 1987) is an American–Italian professional basketball player for Virtus Bologna of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) and the EuroLeague. Standing at 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in), he can play at both the point guard and shooting guard positions.

Pallacanestro Brescia
The Pallacanestro Brescia, better known for sponsorship reasons as Germani Brescia, is an Italian professional basketball team, based in Brescia, Lombardy. Founded in 2009, the team plays in the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) since the 2016–17 season.
Closed-subgroup theorem
In mathematics, the closed-subgroup theorem (sometimes referred to as Cartan's theorem) is a theorem in the theory of Lie groups. It states that if H is a closed subgroup of a Lie group G, then H is an embedded Lie group with the smooth structure (and hence the group topology) agreeing with the embedding.
One of several results known as Cartan's theorem, it was first published in 1930 by Élie Cartan, who was inspired by John von Neumann's 1929 proof of a special case for groups of linear transformations.

Submanifold
In mathematics, a submanifold of a manifold  is a subset  which itself has the structure of a manifold, and for which the inclusion map  satisfies certain properties. There are different types of submanifolds depending on exactly which properties are required. Different authors often have different definitions.
Ephraim Joseph Hirschfeld
Ephraim Joseph Hirschfeld, born Ephraim Joseph Hirschel (c. 1758, Karlsruhe - January 27, 1820, Offenbach am Main), was a German-Jewish mystic of the Enlightenment and an active Freemason. He tried to create a religious fusion of Judaism and Christianity within a kabbalistic framework and was close to leading Frankists.

Frankism
Frankism was a Sabbatean religious movement originating in Rabbinic Judaism of the 18th and 19th centuries. Created in Podolia, it was named after its founder, Jacob Frank. Frank completely rejected Jewish norms, preaching to his followers that they were obligated to transgress moral boundaries, embracing antinomianism. The Frankists engaged in incest, orgies and sex rituals, such as the infamous 1756 incident in Lanškroun where they were allegedly caught dancing around a half-naked woman symbolizing the Shekhinah.

At its height, Frankism claimed perhaps 50,000 followers, primarily Jews living in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in other regions of Central and Eastern Europe.  Later, Frankists were encouraged to convert en masse to Catholicism.
Świniary, Łódź Voivodeship
Świniary [ɕfiˈɲarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzyżanów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Krzyżanów, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Kutno, and 44 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Krzyżanów, Kutno County
Krzyżanów ([kʂɨˈʐanuf]) is a village in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krzyżanów. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Kutno and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Monsampietro Morico
Monsampietro Morico is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Ancona, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno and 20 kilometres (12 mi) of Fermo. It was founded in 1061 as a castle (rebuilt in the 15th century) under a Norman count from Apulia. Later it was part of the de Varano seigniory and, from 1415 to 1416, of Carlo Malatesta's lands. It is also home to a 13th-century Romanesque church, dedicated to St. Paul.

Monsampietro Morico borders the following municipalities: Belmonte Piceno, Monte Rinaldo, Monteleone di Fermo, Montelparo, Montottone.

Fermo
Fermo (Italian: [ˈfermo] ⓘ; ancient: Firmum Picenum) is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.

Fermo is on a hill, the Sabulo, elevation 319 metres (1,047 ft), on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway.
Modalohr
The Lohr Railway System or Modalohr System (French: Système Modalohr) uses special railway wagons of a type known as piggyback wagons, to carry standard road semi-trailers  on the European rail network. They are currently used on the AFF route from France to Italy and Luxembourg to the French border with Spain and vice versa. There are plans to expand this service. They have also been approved for the Channel Tunnel. 
This articulated railway wagon consists of two low-floor decks, resting on a single Y25 jacobs bogie in the middle and on two Y33 bogies on the extreme ends. Using standard bogies resulted in lower maintenance costs compared with the similar rolling highway concept.
The deck between the bogies (trucks) pivots (swings) 30°, allowing the trailers to be loaded from the sides. The cars are built by Lohr Industrie.

Piggyback (transportation)
Piggyback transportation refers to the transportation of goods where one transportation unit is carried on the back of something else. It is a specialised form of intermodal transportation and combined transport.
Magdalena de Kino
Magdalena de Kino (Spanish pronunciation: [maɣðaˈlena ðe ˈkino] ⓘ) is a city, part of the surrounding municipality of the same name, located in the Mexican state of Sonora covering approximately 560 square miles (1,460 square kilometers). According to the 2005 census, the city's population was 23,101, and the municipality's was 25,500. Magdalena de Kino is in the northern section of Sonora 50 miles (80 kilometers) from the Mexico-U.S. border. To the north the municipality abuts Nogales; to the south, the municipality of Santa Ana; to the east, Ímuris and Cucurpe; and to the west, the municipalities of Tubutama and Sáric. Its main sectors include San Ignacio, San Isidro, Tacicuri, and Sásabe. The city was named after the pioneer Roman Catholic missionary and explorer, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, who worked in the area, as well as in the present-day US state of Arizona.

Santa Ana, Sonora
Santa Ana is a small city and municipal seat of Santa Ana Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora. It is located 168 kilometres (104 mi) north of the state capital Hermosillo and 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Nogales on the  United States border. The town had a 2005 census population of 10,593 inhabitants.
Poles of astronomical bodies
The poles of astronomical bodies are determined based on their axis of rotation in relation to the celestial poles of the celestial sphere. Astronomical bodies include stars, planets, dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies such as comets and minor planets (e.g., asteroids), as well as natural satellites and minor-planet moons.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Nonhyeon-dong, Seoul
Nonhyeon-dong (Korean: 논현동) is a ward of Gangnam District, Seoul, South Korea. It borders Apgujeong and Sinsa-dong on the north, Samseong-dong on the northeast, and Yeoksam-dong to the south.

Hakdong Park is located in the neighborhood.

Samseong-dong
Samseong-dong (Korean: 삼성동) is a neighborhood of Gangnam District, Seoul, South Korea.

It is considered an affluent area of Gangnam District, along with Cheongdam-dong and Apgujeong-dong. The area has a large concentration of upscale shopping malls, popular restaurants and hotels such as the Ramada Seoul Hotel, the Hyatt Park Hotel and Intecontinental Hotel. The COEX mall, the world's largest underground shopping mall, is located in Samseong-dong.

It consists of a large apartment complex and a general residential area, and the 56,000-pyeong Seonjeongneung is loved as a resting place for local residents, including a walk.

The designation itself has nothing to do with Samsung Group. It is coincidental that the names are the same.

The school district is also famous for its good quality. To the north of COEX is Gyeonggi High School, a prestigious high school, and its surrounding area is a rich village with expensive houses, villas, and apartments.
Propane-1,3-dithiol
1,3-Propanedithiol is the chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CH2SH.  This dithiol is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.  This liquid, which is readily available commercially, has an intense stench.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Tauranga River
The Tauranga River is a river of the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally north from its sources in Te Urewera, past the settlement of Waimana, to join the Whakatāne River just to the south-west of the town of Tāneatua. The lower section from the confluence of the Waiti Stream near Tahora down to the Whakatane River was also previously known by the unofficial name Waimana River – only the higher section was called Tauranga River.

Whakatāne River
The Whakatāne River or Ōhinemataroa is a major river of the Bay of Plenty region in the North Island of New Zealand.

It flows north from near the small town of Ruatāhuna through Te Urewera, reaching the sea through the town of Whakatāne. The river is 95 kilometres (59 mi) long.
Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216)
The Mercedes-Benz C216 is the last generation for the grand tourer with name Mercedes-Benz CL-Class, produced from 2006 to 2014. It replaced the C215 platform, and was replaced in 2014 by the C217 S-Class Coupe.

Driver drowsiness detection
Driver drowsiness detection, also known as driver alertness monitoring, is a car safety technology which helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy. Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads.

Drowsiness can impair a driver’s mental stability, reducing their ability to make sound decisions and potentially leading to physical harm and financial losses for both the driver and passengers.

From 2024, the EU mandates drowsiness detection systems in all new vehicles to enhance road safety.
Fortress Mountain (Washington)
Fortress Mountain is an 8,679-foot (2,645 m) peak in the Cascade Range located about 15 miles (24 km) west of Lake Chelan in Chelan/Snohomish Counties, Washington, United States. It straddles the border between the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and the Wenatchee National Forest, and is also part of the Glacier Peak Wilderness. Fortress Mountain is the highest point on Chiwawa Ridge, and other notable peaks on this ridge include Napeequa Peak, Buck Mountain, Brahma Peak, Bandit Peak, Mount Berge, Helmet Butte, and Chiwawa Mountain.

Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Scouting and Guiding in São Tomé and Príncipe
The Scout and Guide movement in São Tomé e Príncipe is served by

the Associação dos Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

the Associação Guias de São Tomé and Príncipe, association "working towards WAGGGS membership"

Associação Guias de São Tomé and Príncipe
Associação Guias de São Tomé and Príncipe are a prospective member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Girl Guiding started in 1991, but no recent information appears to be available.

In 1999, the Associação Guias de Portugal held the first encampment for Ramos Adventurer and Caravel patrol leaders and deputies in Belmonte. This camp was also attended by Mozambique Guides and Guides from São Tomé and Príncipe.
The Guardian (1844 Australian newspaper)
The Guardian : a weekly journal of politics, commerce, agriculture, literature, science and arts for the middle and working classes of New South Wales  is a defunct Australian newspaper that was published in Sydney New South Wales, during 1844 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Pridefest (video game)
Pridefest is a social simulation game developed by Mad Marshmallow and published by Atari for iOS and Android. Atari announced the game on July 17, 2014, shortly after the company sponsored and participated in GaymerX2. The game was released on January 27, 2016. The game generated controversy over perceived insensitive handling of its subject matter, which led Atari to sell the game's rights to LGBT Media.

Social simulation game
Social simulation games are a subgenre of life simulation games that explore social interactions between multiple artificial lives. Some examples include SimCity, The Sims and Animal Crossing series. The earliest created for educational purpose, then gradually evolved to social and entertainment use.