hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahmudabad, Mahabad
Mahmudabad (Persian: محمودآباد, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād) is a village in Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District, Khalifan District, Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 73, in 9 families.

Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District
Mangur-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان منگور شرقی) is in Khalifan District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Abdollah Kordeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hamzehabad.
Herschel Island (Chile)
Herschel Island is an island belonging to Chile. The island is located just north of the Drake Passage and southeast of Tierra del Fuego. It is part of the Hermite Islands. The Franklin Channel on the north side of the island separates Herschel from the southernmost Wollaston Islands. Herschel Island is part of the Cabo de Hornos National Park.

It is one of the southernmost landforms in the Americas (Hornos Island is further south). The island was named in honor of the British astronomer John Herschel.

Hornos Island
Hornos Island (Spanish: Isla Hornos) is a Chilean island at the southern tip of South America. The island is mostly known for being the location of Cape Horn. It is generally considered South America's southernmost island, but the Diego Ramírez Islands are farther south. The island is one of the Hermite Islands, part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.

The Chilean Navy maintains a station on the island, consisting of a residence, utility building, chapel, and lighthouse. A short distance from the main station is a memorial, including a large sculpture featuring the silhouette of an albatross, in honour of the sailors who died while attempting to "round the Horn".

The island is within the Cabo de Hornos National Park.
Ogtay Aghayev
Ogtay Jafar oghlu Aghayev (Azerbaijani: Oqtay Cəfər oğlu Ağayev, Russian: Октай Джафар оглы Агаев; November 7, 1934 – November 13, 2006) was a Soviet, Azerbaijani variety singer and People's Artist of Azerbaijan.

People's Artist of Azerbaijan
People's Artist of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının xalq rəssamı) is the honorary title and award granted for contribution to the development of Azerbaijani culture in the fields of visual art and painting. The People's Artists of the Azerbaijan SSR (1944–1990) was a precursor award given during the time of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union.
Global Chess League 2023
The Global Chess League 2023, known for sponsorship reasons as the Tech Mahindra Global Chess League 2023, was the inaugural season of the annual over-the-board rapid chess league organized by FIDE. It took place in Dubai from June 21 to July 2, 2023. It was a joint venture organized by Tech Mahindra and FIDE.

It featured six teams of six players each, and involved ten round-robin matches, followed by a final match between the top two teams. The event came down to a round of individual tie-breaks drawn by playing card. Triveni Continental Kings won the event final after Jonas Buhl Bjerre beat Javokhir Sindarov of UpGrad Mumba Masters in the fourth tie-break game, the first three being drawn.

The second season took place in London from October 3 to October 14, 2024.

Global Chess League 2024
The Global Chess League 2024, known for sponsorship reasons as the Tech Mahindra Global Chess League 2024, was the second season of the annual over-the-board rapid chess league organized by FIDE. It was held in London from October 3 to 14, 2024. It was a joint venture organized by Tech Mahindra and FIDE.

It featured six teams of six players each, and involved ten round-robin matches, followed by a final match between the top two teams. Triveni Continental Kings, the defending champions, led by Alireza Firouzja, retained their title after beating Anish Giri's PBG Alaskan Knights in the final. Alexandra Kosteniuk was named Player of the Final for winning both her games in the final. Nihal Sarin was named Male Player of the Season. Alina Kashlinskaya was named  Female Player of the Season.
Sydney Daily Telegraph controversies
The Daily Telegraph is an Australian tabloid newspaper published by Nationwide News Pty Limited. Over the years, it has faced numerous controversies, particularly regarding alleged breaches of media ethics in its coverage of LGBTQ people.

The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)
The Daily Telegraph, nicknamed The Tele, is an Australian tabloid newspaper published by Nationwide News Pty Limited (NWN), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. It is published Monday through Saturday and is available throughout Sydney, across most of regional and remote New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland.

A 2013 poll conducted by Essential Research found that the Telegraph was Australia's least-trusted major newspaper, with 49% of respondents citing "a lot of" or "some" trust in the paper. Amongst those ranked by Nielsen, the Telegraph's website is the sixth most popular Australian news website with a unique monthly audience of 2,841,381 readers.
Deer Valley Petroglyph Preserve
The Deer Valley Petroglyph Preserve, formerly known as the Deer Valley Rock Art Center, is a 47-acre nature preserve featuring over 1500 Hohokam, Patayan, and Archaic petroglyphs visible on 500 basalt boulders in the Deer Valley area of Phoenix, Arizona. In 1980, the US Army Corps of Engineers contracted J. Simon Bruder to conduct an archaeological investigation prior to the construction of the Adobe Dam at the Hedgpeth Hills. The petroglyphs are between 500 and 5,000 years old. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and it was also listed with the Phoenix Points of Pride.  The preserve and museum are operated by the ASU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences's School of Human Evolution and Social Change.

The museum was designed by Will Bruder and was constructed on the site in 1994.

ASU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
33°25′19.66″N 111°53′15.51″W﻿ / ﻿33.4221278°N 111.8876417°W﻿ / 33.4221278; -111.8876417

The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at ASU is the largest college at Arizona State University and includes 21 schools and departments. Students majoring in The College make up 19 percent of all campus immersion students and 24 percent of all online students at ASU.

The College is home to three academic divisions including the humanities, natural sciences and social sciences. Within these divisions are over 50 research centers and institutes. The College offers 100+ undergraduate majors and 150+ graduate degrees.

As of fall 2022, The College's total student enrollment was 31,501. As of fall 2022, The College's first-year retention rate was 86%.
Environmental impact of electricity generation
Electric power systems consist of generation plants of different energy sources, transmission networks, and distribution lines. Each of these components can have environmental impacts at multiple stages of their development and use including in their construction, during the generation of electricity, and in their decommissioning and disposal. These impacts can be split into operational impacts (fuel sourcing, global atmospheric and localized pollution) and construction impacts (manufacturing, installation, decommissioning, and disposal). All forms of electricity generation have some form of environmental impact, but coal-fired power is the dirtiest. This page is organized by energy source and includes impacts such as water usage, emissions, local pollution, and wildlife displacement.

Flue gas
Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases, as from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. It often refers to the exhaust gas of combustion at power plants. Technology is available to remove pollutants from flue gas at power plants.

Combustion of fossil fuels is a common source of flue gas. They are usually combusted with ambient air, with the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Czech Stop and Little Czech Bakery
The Czech Stop and Little Czech Bakery is a combination deli/bakery and convenience store located in the city of West, Texas.

Established in 1983, the store serves traditional Czech cuisine such as kolache, klobasnek and strudels. The city is notable for its Czech heritage and was designated as the "Home of the official Kolache of the Texas Legislature".  The store serves around 600 people a day and is a popular stop for travelers along Interstate 35.

According to a poster in the store, the Czech Stop uses over 1,200 lbs of cream cheese, 9,000 lbs of flour, 750 gallons of milk, 2,400 lbs of butter 1,300 lbs of sausage, 2,100 dozen eggs, and 2,500 lbs of American cheese each week to produce its baked goods.

The Czech Stop remained open after the West Fertilizer Company explosion on April 17, 2013, to serve local residents and first responders.

The store has been featured in Southern Living, Primetime: What Would You Do? on ABC, and on The Oprah Winfrey Show.

West Fertilizer Company explosion
On April 17, 2013, an ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company storage and distribution facility in West, Texas, United States (18 miles (29 km) north of Waco), while emergency services personnel were responding to a fire there. Fifteen people were killed, over 160 injured, and more than 150 buildings damaged or destroyed. Investigators confirmed that ammonium nitrate was the material that exploded. On May 11, 2016, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives stated that the fire was deliberately set. That finding has been disputed.
Grigoriy Korchmar
Grigoriy Korchmar (Russian: Григорий Овшиевич Корчмар, Grigorij Ovšievič Korčmar; alternately translated Grigori or Grigory) (1947 – 17 November 2025) was a Russian composer and pianist.

Although little-known outside his native Russia, Korchmar was a prominent figure in the musical life of Saint Petersburg. He began to study piano and composition in 1958 at the Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory in Leningrad (now St Petersburg). In 1996, he was made an "Honoured Art Worker of Russia".

Notable works by Korchmar include the operas Newlyweds (1970), A Story about Boris and Gleb (1981) and Fedra (1984), Dialogues for cello and piano (1976), Tango macabre for violin and piano (1985), White Nights Serenades (1991) for solo guitar and four symphonies, the latest of which was completed in 2003.

Korchmar's brother, Leonid Korchmar is a conductor of the Mariinsky Theatre and a notable conducting pedagogue.

Korchmar died on 17 November 2025, at the age of 77.

Leonid Korchmar
Leonid Ovseevich Korchmar (Russian: Леонид Овсеевич Корчмар; born November 9, 1943) is a Russian conductor. Since 1989 he has been a conductor in the Mariinsky Theatre (former Kirov Ballet and Opera) in St. Petersburg. Having studied with Ilya Musin, he now also teaches operatic and symphonic conducting in the St Petersburg Conservatory.

He worked with the orchestras in Voronezh and Sverdlovsk, and led the Saratov Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra in 1979-1984.
Changanassery Assembly constituency
Changanassery State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency. C. F. Thomas represented the constituency for 40 consecutive years from 1980. In the 2021 Kerala legislative elections, Adv. Job Michael of the Kerala Congress (M) was elected from the constituency.

Kerala Congress
Kerala Congress is an Indian political party founded in Kottayam, Kerala on 9 October 1964, by a block of former Indian National Congress leaders led by K. M. George. The party is primarily active in central Kerala. Initially its main support came from the Syrian Christians and the Nair community of southern Kerala.

The establishment of the Kerala Congress could be traced to the resignation and later death of P. T. Chacko, the Home Minister in the R. Sankar-led Congress ministry (1962–64). Fifteen rebel Congress Members of the Legislative Assembly subsequently supported a successful no confidence motion on the Sankar Ministry. K. M. George, R. Balakrishna Pillai and other leaders backed by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and the Nair Service Society leader Mannathu Padmanabhan, formed the "Kerala Congress" at Kottayam Thirunakkara Ground on 9th October 1964.
Anchovy paste
Anchovy paste is a fish paste food product prepared using anchovies as a primary ingredient. It is used as a condiment and as an ingredient in various dishes, such as Scotch woodcock, and is a mass-produced product. It has been used for centuries to provide flavor to foods and as a source of nutrients, and it is a part of the cuisines of Great Britain, Italy, the Philippines and Vietnam. It is a major export product of Morocco.

Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the flavor, to complement the dish, or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce; those added before serving, such as mayonnaise in a sandwich; and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients.
SS Ellan Vannin (1860)
SS (RMS) Ellan Vannin (the Manx name for the Isle of Man) was built as an iron paddle steamer in 1860 at Meadowside, Glasgow for the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company. She was originally named Mona's Isle - the second ship in the company's history to be so named. She served for 23 years under that name before being rebuilt, re-engined and renamed in 1883. As Ellan Vannin she served for a further 26 years before being lost in a storm on 3 December 1909 in Liverpool Bay.

Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.
Cambro-Normans
Cambro-Normans (Latin: Cambria; "Wales", Welsh: Normaniaid Cymreig; Norman: Nouormands Galles) were Normans who settled in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches after the Norman invasion of Wales. Cambro-Norman knights were also the leading force in the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland, led by Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in 1170.

Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (c. 1130 – 20 April 1176), the second Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow (Anglo-Norman: Arc-Fort).

After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal.
Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)
The Volksraad (People's Council) was an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, provided for by law in 1916 but only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the Volksraad was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected, only a small proportion of the population had voting rights.

Initially, the Volksraad had 39 members, eventually rising to 60. It was reconstituted every four years. The members were partly elected, and partly appointed by the colonial administration.

Dutch East Indies campaign
The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces of the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Allied forces attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three-and-a-half-year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region.
1Law4All Party
1Law4All was a registered political party in New Zealand. The party was launched in June 2013 and was temporarily led by Tom Johnson. The party supported removing references to the Treaty of Waitangi from legislation, abolition of the Waitangi Tribunal and Māori electorates, repeal of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, and withdrawal of New Zealand from the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The party never contested an election and was deregistered in May 2015.

Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011
The Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament created to replace the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004. It was brought in by the fifth National government and creates a sui generis property class for the marine and coastal area, in which it is vested in no one. This is in contrast to the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 in which the foreshore and seabed were vested in the Crown.
Moisés Bertoni Scientific Monument
The Moisés Bertoni Scientific Monument is a protected natural area, museum, and historic site in Presidente Franco District, Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay. Established on 13 April 1955, the site covers 199 hectares (about 492 acres) and lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 miles) from the city of Presidente Franco.

The monument preserves the former residence and research site of Moisés Santiago Bertoni, a Swiss-born naturalist who lived and worked in Paraguay from the late 19th century until his death in 1929. Bertoni conducted research in botany, anthropology, meteorology, and related fields, much of it in collaboration with Guaraní communities. The site now functions as a museum and conservation area, holding historical buildings, archival materials, and a section of protected Atlantic Forest along the Paraná River.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Juniper Beach Provincial Park
Juniper Beach Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Thompson Country region of south central British Columbia, Canada. The facility is on the north side of the Thompson River, west of the town of Savona, and downstream from the Kamloops Lake outflow. On BC Highway 1, the locality is by road about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Cache Creek and 65 kilometres (40 mi) west of Kamloops.

Thompson Country
Thompson Country, also referred to as The Thompson and sometimes as the Thompson Valley and historically known as the Couteau Country or Couteau District, is a historic geographic region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, more or less defined by the basin of the Thompson River. This is a tributary of the Fraser; the major city in the area is Kamloops.
Ans, Denmark
Ans is a town in Silkeborg Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated at the southern shore of Tange Sø (Tange Lake), 8 km southeast of Rødkærsbro, 10 km southwest of Bjerringbro, 17 km north of Silkeborg and 21 km southeast of Viborg.

Ans Church, built in 1935 as a mission house, is located in the town.

Silkeborg Municipality
Silkeborg Municipality (Danish: Silkeborg Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 857.16 km2, and has a population of 101,574 (1 January 2025).  Its mayor is Helle Gade, of the party Social Democrats (Denmark). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Silkeborg.

On 1 January 2007, Silkeborg municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with Gjern, Kjellerup, and Them municipalities to form the new Silkeborg municipality.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
Royal Dragoon Guards
The Royal Dragoon Guards (RDG) is a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It was formed in 1992 by the amalgamation of two other regiments: The 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards and the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards. Based in Battlesbury Barracks, Wiltshire, the unit currently serves as the armoured cavalry reconnaissance regiment of 20th Armoured Brigade Combat Team.  The regiment is equipped with the Warrior armoured fighting vehicle, and is transitioning to the new Ajax vehicle.

Battle of Dettingen
The Battle of Dettingen took place on 27 June 1743 during the War of the Austrian Succession, near Karlstein am Main in Bavaria. An alliance composed of British, Hanoverian and Austrian troops, known as the Pragmatic Army, defeated a French force commanded by the Duke of Noailles. While the Earl of Stair exercised operational control, the Allies were nominally commanded by George II of Great Britain, and Dettingen was the last time a reigning British monarch led troops in combat. The battle had little impact on the wider war, and has been described as 'a happy escape, rather than a great victory.'
Misikhu
Misikhu is a rural town situated on the southern slopes of Mt Elgon, in Bungoma County, Kenya. Located ten kilometres north of Webuye town and towards Kitale, Misikhu serves as both an administrative and commercial hub.

Bungoma County
Bungoma County is a county in the former Western Province of Kenya with its capital in Bungoma town. It has a population of 1,670,570 of which 812,146 are males and 858,389 are females as per the 2019 census. The county has an area of 2,069 km2. It has nine constituencies, namely: Bumula, Kabuchai, Kanduyi, Kimilili, Mt. Elgon, Sirisia, Tongaren, Webuye East, and Webuye West.

The economy of Bungoma County is mainly agricultural, centering on the sugarcane and maize industries. The area experiences high rainfall throughout the year and is home to several large rivers, which are used for small-scale irrigation.
Yosef Yekutieli
Yosef Yekutieli (also Joseph Yekutieli; Hebrew: יוסף יקותיאלי; April 12, 1897 – September 25, 1982) was a prominent member of the international Jewish sports organisation Maccabi. He was the  founder of the Maccabiah, Israel Football Association, and the Israel Olympic Committee. Yekutieli was the 1979 Israel Prize recipient for his special contribution to society and the state in sports.

Maccabiah Stadium
The Maccabiah Stadium (Hebrew: אצטדיון המכביה Itztadion HaMakabiya) was a football stadium on the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Maccabiah Stadium was built in 1932 for the first Maccabiah Games and was filled to capacity for the opening ceremony. It was used by Maccabi Tel Aviv until 1969, when the team moved to the Bloomfield Stadium.