hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Goldblatt
David Goldblatt HonFRPS (29 November 1930 – 25 June 2018) was a South African documentary photographer noted for his dedicated portrayal of the South African peoples within the political landscape of the  apartheid era. After apartheid's end, he concentrated more on the country's landscapes. Goldblatt's body of work was distinct from that of other anti-apartheid artists in that he photographed issues that went beyond the violent events of apartheid and reflected the conditions that led up to them. His forms of protest have a subtlety that traditional documentary photographs may lack; Goldblatt said, "[M]y dispassion was an attitude in which I tried to avoid easy judgments.... This resulted in a photography that appeared to be disengaged and apolitical, but which was in fact the opposite." Goldblatt also wrote journal articles and books on aesthetics, architecture, and structural analysis.

Nadine Gordimer
Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 – 13 July 2014) was a South African writer and political activist. She received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1991, recognised as a writer "who through her magnificent epic writing has ... been of very great benefit to humanity".

Gordimer was one of the most honoured female writers of her generation. She received the Booker Prize for The Conservationist (1974), and the Central News Agency Literary Award for The Conservationist, Burger's Daughter (1979) and July's People (1981).

Gordimer's writing dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. Under that regime, works such as Burger's Daughter were banned. She was active in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress during the days when the organisation was banned, and gave Nelson Mandela advice on his famous 1964 defence speech at the trial which led to his conviction for life. She later became active in HIV/AIDS causes.
Isoseismal map
In seismology, an isoseismal map is used to show countour lines of equally felt seismic intensity, generally measured on the Modified Mercalli scale. The contour lines in an iseoseismal map are called isoseismal lines.  Such maps help to identify earthquake epicenters, particularly where no instrumental records exist, such as for historical earthquakes. They also contain important information on ground conditions at particular locations, the underlying geology, radiation pattern of the seismic waves, and the response of different types of buildings. They form an important part of the macroseismic approach, i.e. that part of seismology dealing with noninstrumental data. The shape and size of the isoseismal regions can be used to help determine the magnitude, focal depth, and focal mechanism of an earthquake.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Puranam Purushottama Sastri
Puranam Purushottama Sastri (1925–2010) was an eminent Carnatic musician and winner of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.

He is son of Puranam Kanakayya Sastri. He was born in Nallapadu in Guntur district in 1925. His father Kanakayya Sastri was also famous musician and Asthana Vidwan of Gadwal Samsthanam and Yadagirigutta Devasthanam. He went to Madras to pursue advanced music. He took diploma in Music from Central College of Carnatic Music in 1952. Musiri Subramania Iyer was the principal and also his guru for a decade.

At home, he became known for his rich vocal compass, manodharma, laya gnanam and gamaka pushti. Sastry was an undisputed expert in singing Pallavi. He has also applied ragas to cure some diseases and to activate clouds for rain in prolonged drought.

He died in February 2010.

Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri Subramanian Iyer (9 April 1899 – 25 March 1975) was a Carnatic vocalist whose stage performing career spanned the 1920s to the 1940s. After retirement from the stage, he remained an iconic figure in Carnatic music as a dedicated teacher and leader in the Carnatic community. His bhava-laden renditions of Carnatic songs have become the measuring stick for generations of Carnatic vocalists. Musiri Subramania Iyer is considered one of the giants of Carnatic music in the twentieth century.
Rio Sakuma
Rio Sakuma (佐久間 理央, Sakuma Rio; born 14 April 1997) is a Japanese professional footballer who currently plays as a centre-back or right-back for Singapore Premier League Club Geylang International FC, whom his the vice-captain.

2020 Singapore Premier League
The 2020 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) was the 3rd season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018. The champions of the 2020 Singapore Premier League qualified for the AFC Champions League group stage automatically.

DPMM FC were the defending champions, but withdrew from the league prior to the season re-starting in October 2020. The league was won by Albirex Nigata (S) on the last matchday after beating Hougang United 1-0. Tampines Rovers qualified for the AFC Champions League as the highest ranked local team while Lion City Sailors and Geylang International qualified for the AFC Cup.
1954 Ilford North by-election
The 1954 Ilford North by-election of 3 February 1954 was held after the resignation of Conservative MP Geoffrey Hutchinson, who gave up his seat to become chairman of the National Assistance Board. He subsequently became Baron Ilford. The seat was retained for the Conservatives by Tom Iremonger, who held the seat at the General Election the following year, and who remained the constituency's MP until defeated at the October 1974 election.

Ilford North
Ilford North is a constituency in Greater London that was created in 1945. The seat has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by Wes Streeting of the Labour Party since 2015. Streeting currently serves as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care in the government of Keir Starmer.
Anthony Foley
Anthony Gerard Foley (30 October 1973 – 16 October 2016) was an Irish rugby union player and head coach of Munster. He was attached to the same squad during his professional playing career. He was a member of the Munster team that won the 2002–03 Celtic League and was the winning captain during their 2005–06 Heineken Cup success. Foley played for Ireland from 1995 until 2005 and captained the squad on three occasions.

2007–08 Heineken Cup
The 2007–08 Heineken Cup was the 13th edition of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby.

The start of the tournament was delayed because of the 2007 Rugby World Cup. After much doubt over the competition's future, caused by the threat of English and French clubs not participating, showdown talks ensured that teams from both countries would be competing in the 2007–08 tournament. The cup was won by Munster, who succeeded London Wasps as European champions after a 16–13 win over Toulouse in the final at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium.
Karl Sopwith
Christianity portal

The Ven  Thomas Karl  Sopwith MA (known as Karl; 28 May 1873 – 14 December 1945) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the first half of the 20th century.

He was born on 28 May 1873, the eldest son of Arthur Sopwith of Chasetown & his wife Catherine Susan née Shelford. He was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating BA with a first-class in the Theology tripos in 1895. Ordained in 1897, after curacies at St Matthew's, Walsall and St Peter's, Cranley Gardens he held incumbencies in Shoreham, Kent, Westminster, Aylesford and Ashford, Kent. In 1934 he was appointed Archdeacon of Maidstone, and in 1939 Archdeacon of Canterbury. He retired in 1942 and died on 14 December 1945.

Archdeacon of Canterbury
The Archdeacon of Canterbury is a senior office-holder in the Diocese of Canterbury (a division of the Church of England Province of Canterbury). Like other archdeacons, they are an administrator in the diocese at large (having oversight of parishes in roughly one-third of the diocese) and is a canon residentiary of the cathedral.
OPOJAZ
OPOJAZ (ОПОЯЗ) (Russian: Общество изучения Поэтического Языка, Obščestvo izučenija POètičeskogo JAZyka, "Society for the Study of Poetic Language") was a prominent group of linguists and literary critics in St. Petersburg founded in 1916 and dissolved by the early 1930s.  The group included Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Eikhenbaum, Osip Brik, Boris Kušner and Yury Tynianov.  Along with the Moscow linguistic circle it was responsible for the development of Russian formalism and literary semiotics.  It was dissolved under political pressure as "formalism" came to be a political term of opprobrium in the Soviet state.

Yury Tynyanov
Yury Nikolaevich Tynyanov (Russian: Ю́рий Никола́евич Тыня́нов, IPA: [ˈjʉrʲɪj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ tɨˈnʲænəf]; October 18, 1894 – December 20, 1943) was a Soviet writer, literary critic, translator, scholar and screenwriter. He was an authority on Pushkin and an important member of the Russian Formalist school.

Born in a Jewish community in the Russian Empire in modern-day Latvia, he moved to Saint Petersburg where he completed his education. During the 1920s in the Soviet Union, he published numerous novels, works, and movie scripts, as well as working as a translator. However, his health declined during the 1930s and he died in 1943 from multiple sclerosis.
Southern fire ant
The southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni), also known as the Californian fire ant or cotton ant,: 89  is a stinging fire ant native to southern parts of the United States. Its behaviour is similar to the red imported fire ant (S. invicta), although its sting is less painful. It has a broad and opportunistic diet, and will store seeds in its nest and eat honeydew collected from other insects.: 91

The southern fire ant shares its range with the red imported fire ant (S. invicta), the golden fire ant (S. aurea) and S. amblychila. The southern fire ant has the widest distribution of these, occurring from the Carolinas to California, including Georgia, lowland Tennessee, Arkansas, and southern Kansas.

Solenopsis aurea
Solenopsis aurea, also commonly called the golden fire ant, is a species of ant native to the southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Workers have a pale golden coloration with occasional brown spots.
Necropolitics
Necropolitics is a sociopolitical theory of the use of social and political power to dictate how some people may live and how some must die. The deployment of necropolitics creates what Achille Mbembe calls deathworlds, or "new and unique forms of social existence in which vast populations are subjected to living conditions that confer upon them the status of the living dead." Mbembe, author of On the Postcolony, was the first scholar to explore the term in depth in his 2003 article, and later, his 2019 book of the same name. Mbembe identifies racism as a prime driver of necropolitics, stating that racialized people's lives are systemically cheapened and habituated to loss.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Cetățeni
Cetățeni is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cetățeni, Lăicăi, and Valea Cetățuia.

The commune is situated at a distance of 91 km (57 mi) from Pitești and 25 km (16 mi) from Câmpulung, right next to Dâmbovița County.  The neighboring communes are: Stoenești to the north,  Pucheni to the east, Malu cu Flori to the south, Văleni to the west, and Mioarele to the northwest.

Cetățuia Monastery is located here.

Malu cu Flori
Malu cu Flori is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania with a population of 2,484 people as of 2021. It is composed of five villages: Capu Coastei, Copăceni, Malu cu Flori, Micloșanii Mari, and Micloșanii Mici.

The commune is located in the northwestern part of the county, on the border with Argeș County.

Seven generals of the Romanian Army were born in Malu cu Flori: Mihai Anton, Decebal Ilina, Decebal Constantin Diaconescu, Constantin Emilian Pahonțu, Titus Popescu, Dumitru Nicolae Scarlat, and Ion Șerb.
Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine
The Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus) is a porcupine species from the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

They have a short tail and gray brown quills and feed on fruits, ant pupae, vegetables and roots.

This species was formerly sometimes assigned to Sphiggurus, a genus no longer recognised since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. The population formerly recognised as the orange-spined hairy dwarf porcupine (Sphiggurus villosus) has been reclassified to this species. Its closest relatives are the bicolored-spined porcupine (Coendou bicolor) and the black dwarf porcupine (Coendou nycthemera).

Bicolored-spined porcupine
The bicolored-spined porcupine (Coendou bicolor) is a species of nocturnal and arboreal rodent in the family Erethizontidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

The head and body of Coendou bicolor measure about 543 mm, and another 481 mm is tail.  The body is covered with dense spines, pale yellow at the base and black-tipped, and significantly darker on the midback.  The bicolored-spined porcupine has a fully prehensile tail that is primarily free of spines.
Parrs Wood High School
Parrs Wood High School is a coeducational secondary school in East Didsbury, Manchester, England, located off Wilmslow Road behind Parrs Wood Entertainment Complex. It educates pupils from the age of 11 to 18 years. A-Levels are taught at the Parrs Wood Sixth Form Centre, which is integrated with the main school.

Shameless (British TV series)
Shameless is a British comedy drama television programme created and executive produced by Paul Abbott. Set in Manchester on the fictional Chatsworth council estate, the show revolves around the dysfunctional working-class Gallagher family (Frank, Fiona, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie, and Liam), depicting and commenting on English working-class life and culture. Produced by Company Pictures, the show aired on Channel 4 from 2004 to 2013 for eleven series and 139 episodes.

Shameless was praised by the British media, including the newspaper The Sun and Newsnight Review on BBC Two. In 2005, the show won Best Drama Series at the BAFTA TV Awards and Best TV Comedy Drama at the British Comedy Awards. An American adaptation of Shameless aired on Showtime from 9 January 2011 to 11 April 2021.
IC 1189
IC 1189 is a S0-a lenticular galaxy with a ring structure located in Hercules. It is located 557 million light-years away from the Solar System and has an approximate diameter of 145,000 light-years. IC 1189 was discovered on June 7, 1888, by Lewis Swift. It is a member of the Hercules Cluster.

IC 1189 has an active galactic nucleus and is classified as a starburst galaxy meaning to say, it is a powerhouse star factory making stars at a rate hundred of times greater compared to the Milky Way. Additionally, it falls into the Markarian galaxies category as Mrk 300, in which its core shines in ultraviolet rays.

Markarian galaxies
The Markarian galaxies are a class of galaxies that have nuclei with excessive amounts of ultraviolet emissions compared with other galaxies. Benjamin Markarian drew attention to these types of galaxies starting in 1963.  The nuclei of the galaxies had a blue colour, associated to stars in the classes from O to A. This blue core did not match the rest of the galaxy.  The spectrum in detail tends to show a continuum that Markarian concluded was produced non-thermally.  Most of these have emission lines and are characterized by highly energetic activity.
Markarian Catalogue entries are of the form "Markarian ####", and can frequently use the abbreviations Mrk, Mkr, Mkn; and rarely Ma, Mk, Mark.
José R. Bonilla
José Ramón Bonilla Irigoyen (born October 27, 1951) is a retired Uruguayan General of the Air who served as the 14th Commander-in-Chief of the Uruguayan Air Force between February 2009 and October 2010. In 2010, he was appointed to inaugurate the position of Chief of the Defense Staff, and in 2013, as Coordinator of the State Intelligence Services. From there Bonilla established a close relationship with José Mujica, who had been a Tupamaro guerrilla fighter, and to whom Bonilla returned a captured flag of his former organization, which was once an enemy of the Air Force. Mujica, who was moved when receiving the flag, that was inside a wooden and glass receptacle, with an inscription that said: "The Uruguayan Air Force to President Mr. José Mujica.", believes that it was seized by the military during the guerrilla occupation of the city of Pando, on October 8, 1969.

Beechcraft Queen Air
The Beechcraft Queen Air is a twin-engined light aircraft produced by Beechcraft in numerous versions from 1960 to 1978. Based upon the Twin Bonanza, with which it shared key components such as wings, engines, and tail surfaces, it had a larger fuselage, and served as the basis for the highly successful King Air series of turboprop aircraft.  Its primary uses have been as a private aircraft, utility, and small commuter airliner. Production ran for 17 years.
Mason Durie (psychiatrist)
Sir Mason Harold Durie ONZ KNZM FRANZCP (born 4 December 1938) is a New Zealand professor of Māori Studies and research academic at Massey University. He is known for his contributions to Māori health. In 2020, he was appointed to the Order of New Zealand, the highest honour in New Zealand's royal honours system.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Prestoy Point
Prestoy Point (Bulgarian: нос Престой, ‘Nos Prestoy’ \'nos pre-'stoy\) is the sharp point projecting 800 m into the head of Barilari Bay on the Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, formed by an offshoot of Mount Genecand.  The point is named after the settlement of Prestoy in northern Bulgaria.

Graham Coast
Graham Coast is the portion of the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctic Peninsula, extending 172 km between Cape Bellue to the southwest and Cape Renard to the northeast.

The coast is named after Sir James Graham, First Lord of the Admiralty during the early exploration of the area by John Biscoe.
3rd (Volunteer) Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment
The 3rd (Volunteer) Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) (3 STAFFORDS) was a Territorial Army unit of the regular Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales') which was formed in 1988, but disbanded in 1999.  The battalion's successor continues to serve in the Mercian Regiment to this day.

Mercian Regiment
The Mercian Regiment (Cheshire, Worcesters and Foresters, and Staffords) is an infantry regiment of the British Army, which is recruited from five of the counties that formed the ancient kingdom of Mercia. Known as 'The Heart of England's Infantry', it was formed on 1 September 2007 by the amalgamation of three existing regiments. The Regiment has had fifteen operational deployments since its formation.
Dean T. Stevenson
Dean Theodore Stevenson (August 16, 1915 – November 6, 1994) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania from 1966 to 1982.

As a college football player at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, he was named an All American by Sports Illustrated in 1962.

Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania
The Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania was one of the dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. It was established in 1904 as the Diocese of Harrisburg, separating from the original Diocese of Central Pennsylvania formerly known as the Episcopal Diocese of Bethlehem. It reunited with the Diocese of Bethlehem in 2026 to form the Diocese of the Susquehanna.

The seat of the bishop and home of the diocesan offices was St. Stephen's Episcopal Cathedral at 221 North Front Street in Downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 2,770 persons.
Tochisakae Atsushi
Tochisakae Atsushi (born June 27, 1974, as Atsushi Okamoto) is a former sumo wrestler from Saga Prefecture, Japan. He made his professional debut in 1993, reaching the top division for the first time in 2000. His highest rank was maegashira 1. He suffered many illness and injury problems throughout his career. He retired in 2008 and is now an elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name of Mihogaseki, working as a coach at Kasugano stable.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Michael Block
Michael Block (born June 15, 1976) is an American professional golfer. Having spent most of his career working as a club professional in Southern California, he received attention after making the cut and finishing in the top 15 at the 2023 PGA Championship at the age of 46. After making the only hole in one of the tournament during his final round, Block finished in a tie for 15th place, which was the highest finish for a club professional in decades, earning him an automatic invitation to the following year's competition.

Southern California PGA Championship
The Southern California PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Southern California section of the PGA of America. The Southern California section was formed in 1924, and the tournament was first played that year.  It has been held at various venues in Southern California on an annual basis since that time.  The tournament has been won more than 25 times by players who also have victories on the PGA Tour.