hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Varegah, Ilam
Varegah (Persian: وارگه, also Romanized as Vāregah; also known as Vārgar) is a village in Kol Kol Rural District, in the Asemanabad District of Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,019, in 215 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Kol Kol Rural District
Kol Kol Rural District (Persian: دهستان کل کل) is in Asemanabad District of Chardavol County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kol Kol-e Olya, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,576 in 448 households.
Georges de La Tour
Georges de La Tour (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ də la tuʁ]; 13 March 1593 – 30 January 1652) was a French Baroque painter, who spent most of his working life in the Duchy of Lorraine, which was temporarily absorbed into France between 1641 and 1648. He painted mostly religious chiaroscuro scenes lit by candlelight.

Artist at the confluence of Nordic, Italian, and French cultures, and a contemporary of Jacques Callot and the Le Nain brothers, La Tour is a keen observer of everyday reality. His pronounced taste for plays of light and shadow makes him one of the most original successors of Caravaggio.

Recognised during his lifetime, he was quickly forgotten after his death. Rediscovered in the early 20th century by German art historian Hermann Voss, he later inspired writers as diverse as René Char, André Malraux, Pascal Quignard, and Charles Juliet.

Jacques Bellange
Jacques Bellange (c. 1575–1616) was an artist and printmaker from the Duchy of Lorraine (then independent but now part of France) whose etchings and some drawings are his only securely identified works today. They are among the most striking Northern Mannerist old master prints, mostly on Catholic religious subjects, and with a highly individual style. He worked for fourteen years in the capital, Nancy as court painter to two Dukes of Lorraine, before dying at the age of about forty, and almost all his prints were produced in the three or four years before his death. None of his paintings are known to have survived, but the prints have been known to collectors since shortly after his death, though they were out of critical favour for most of this period. In the 20th century they have been much more highly regarded, although Bellange is still not a well-known figure.
After Bach
After Bach is a solo album by pianist Brad Mehldau. It consists of five compositions from Johann Sebastian Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier interspersed with pieces by Mehldau that were inspired by them. The performances were recorded in 2017 and released by Nonesuch Records the following year.

Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp major, BWV 848
The Prelude and Fugue in C♯ major, BWV 848, is a keyboard composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the third prelude and fugue in the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier, a series of 48 preludes and fugues by the composer.
Ubierring station
Ubierring is a station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 15 and 16, located in the Cologne district of Neustadt-Süd. The station lies on Ubierring (part of the Cologne Ring), after which it is named.

The station was opened by the Bonn–Cologne Railway Company in 1905 and consists of two side platforms with two rail tracks.

Cologne Ring
The Cologne Ring (known in German as: Kölner Ringe) is a semi-circular, some 6 km long urban boulevard in Innenstadt, Cologne and the city's busiest and most prominent street system. The Cologne Ring is a four lane street and part of Bundesstraße 9.

The ring road encircles the old town of Cologne on its southern, western and northern boundaries on the site of the former medieval city wall. It divides Innenstadt into old town (Altstadt) east of it and new town (Neustadt) west of it. Most of the city wall has been worked away during the 1880s and only few sections of the wall exist today at Hansaring and Sachsenring. Of the once twelve medieval city gates, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today.
Tian yuan shu
Tian yuan shu (simplified Chinese: 天元术; traditional Chinese: 天元術; pinyin: tiān yuán shù) is a Chinese system of algebra for polynomial equations. Some of the earliest existing writings were created in the 13th century during the Yuan dynasty. However, the tianyuanshu method was known much earlier, in the Song dynasty and possibly before.

Zhu Shijie
Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; traditional Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade–Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, 1249–1314), courtesy name Hanqing (漢卿), pseudonym Songting (松庭), was a Chinese mathematician and writer during the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Two of his mathematical works have survived: Introduction to Computational Studies (算學啓蒙 Suan-hsüeh Ch'i-mong) and Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns (四元玉鑒 Ssŭ-yüan Yü-chien).
St Peters Church, St Peters
St Peter's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church located at 187-209 Princes Highway, St Peters, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the oldest churches in Sydney. Designed by Thomas Bird, the church is sometimes referred to as St Peter's Church, Cooks River, as it is located in the Anglican Parish of Cooks River, New South Wales. The church is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register and on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.

The Cooks River, named by James Cook in 1770 when he sailed into Botany Bay, is crossed by the Princes Highway, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the south of the church. The suburb of St Peters, in which the church is located, was named as a result of the area's proximity to the church.

Australian non-residential architectural styles
Australian non-residential architectural styles are a set of Australian architectural styles that apply to buildings used for purposes other than residence and have been around only since the first colonial government buildings of early European settlement of Australia in 1788.

Their distribution follows closely the establishment and growth of the different colonies of Australia, in that the earliest colonial buildings can be found in New South Wales and Tasmania.

The classifications set out below are derived from a leading Australian text.
Kyustendil Province
42°15′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.250°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.250; 23.000

Kyustendil Province (Bulgarian: Област Кюстендил, romanized: Oblast Kyustendil) is a province in southwestern Bulgaria, extending over an area of 3,084.3 km2 (1,190.9 sq mi) (constituting 2.7% of the total territory of the Republic of Bulgaria), and with a population of 106 131.  It borders the provinces of Sofia, Pernik, and Blagoevgrad; to the west, its limits coincide with the state borders between Bulgaria and North Macedonia, and between Bulgaria and the Republic of Serbia.  The administrative center of the Province is Kyustendil.

Pernik Province
42°35′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.583°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.583; 23.000

Pernik Province is a province in western Bulgaria, neighbouring Serbia. Its main city is Pernik, and other municipalities are Breznik, Kovachevtsi, Radomir, Tran, and Zemen.
Permission (philosophy)
Permission, in philosophy, is the attribute of a person whose performance of a specific action, otherwise ethically wrong or dubious, would thereby involve no ethical fault. The term "permission" is more commonly used to refer to consent. Consent is the legal embodiment of the concept, in which approval is given to another party.

Permissions depend on norms or institutions.

Many permissions and obligations are complementary to each other, and deontic logic is a tool sometimes used in reasoning about such relationships.

Consent
Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, with specific definitions used in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual consent. Consent as understood in specific contexts may differ from its everyday meaning. For example, a person with a mental disorder, a low mental age, or under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act that still fails to meet the legal threshold for consent as defined by applicable law.

United Nations agencies and initiatives in sex education programs believe that teaching the topic of consent as part of a comprehensive sexuality education is beneficial. Types of consent include implied consent, express consent, informed consent and unanimous consent.
Full Circle (1935 film)
Full Circle is a 1935 British crime film directed by George King and starring René Ray, Garry Marsh and Margaret Yarde. It was made as a quota quickie at Teddington Studios by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Te Iʼi
Te Iʻi is a traditional province of Nuku Hiva, in the Marquesas Islands.  The province covers slightly more than the western two-thirds of the island. The western coast is characterized by steep slopes which plunge directly into the sea, indented occasionally by small bays leading to short deep valleys leading to the interior.

Taioha'e
Taioha'e is the main town on Nuku Hiva island. The town is located on a former volcanic crater, which has partly collapsed into the ocean, creating a bay.

This is the site of Fort Madison, set up by David Porter in 1813.
World Runners Association
The World Runners Association (WRA) is a small group of ultra-runners which aims to provide a consistent set of rules for athletes attempting to complete a pedestrian circumnavigation, as well as to ratify and record attempts completed as per these rules. The BBC describes the WRA as "a small-scale operation that functions as a de facto governing body of the extremely niche sport of world running". As of April 2024, the group has seven members all of whom have successfully completed a circumnavigation of the world on foot.

Jesper Olsen (runner)
Jesper Olsen, or Jesper Kenn Olsen, is a multiple national record holder ultra distance runner from Denmark, and was the second person verified to have run around the world (16,000 miles: 2004-2005), as well as the first verified to have run around the world in a north-south rather than east-west direction (25,000 miles: 2008-2010, 2011-2012, due to 6-month illness and injury).
Competition model
The Competition Model is a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and sentence processing, developed by Elizabeth Bates and Brian MacWhinney (1982).  The claim in MacWhinney, Bates, and Kliegl (1984) is that "the forms of natural languages are created, governed, constrained, acquired, and used in the service of communicative functions." Furthermore, the model holds that processing is based on an online competition between these communicative functions or motives. The model focuses on competition during sentence processing, crosslinguistic competition in bilingualism, and the role of competition in language acquisition. It is an emergentist theory of language acquisition and processing, serving as an alternative to strict innatist and empiricist theories. According to the Competition Model, patterns in language arise from Darwinian competition and selection on a variety of time/process scales including phylogenetic, ontogenetic, social diffusion, and synchronic scales.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Baron Camelford
Baron Camelford, of Boconnoc, in the County of Cornwall, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created, as Lord Camelford, Baron of Boconnoc, on 5 January 1784 for Thomas Pitt, who had previously represented Old Sarum and Okehampton in Parliament. A member of the famous Pitt family, he was the eldest son of Thomas Pitt of Boconnoc; a great-grandson of Thomas Pitt, President of Madras, who purchased Boconnoc House; a great-nephew of Thomas Pitt, 1st Earl of Londonderry; a nephew of William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham and first cousin of William Pitt the Younger. Lord Camelford was also the father-in-law of William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville. The title became extinct on the death of his only son, the 2nd Baron, who was killed in a duel in 1804.

Thomas Pitt
Thomas Pitt (5 July 1653 – 28 April 1726) was a British merchant, colonial administrator and politician who served as the president of Fort St. George from 1698 to 1709. Born in Blandford Forum, Dorset, he eventually went to the Indian subcontinent in the service of the English East India Company (EIC) and rose to a senior position in the Presidency of Fort St. George, administering the EIC's affairs within the region. After a lucrative career in India, Pitt returned to England and entered into a political career, being elected six times to the Parliament of Great Britain. His descendants would go on to found a political dynasty, with Pitt's grandson and great-grandson both serving as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
1924 New Year Honours
The 1924 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published in The London Gazette on 1 January 1924.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Judiciary of England and Wales
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in the County Court and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales, particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.

By statute, judges are guaranteed continuing judicial independence.

There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians, however, for a distinct Welsh criminal justice system.

The following is a list of the various types of judges who sit in the courts of England and Wales:
FC Haskovo
FC Haskovo 1957 (Bulgarian: ФК Хасково 1957) is a Bulgarian football club based in Haskovo, which currently competes in the A RFG Haskovo, the fourth tier of Bulgarian football. Haskovo's home ground is the Haskovo Stadium, which has a capacity of 9,000 spectators. Haskovo have spent a total of 7 seasons in the Bulgarian elite, most recently in the 2014-15 season.

After the 2020–21 season, FC Haskovo's senior team was merged with FC Izvor Gorski Izvor, which itself was moved to Haskovo to form a new club, called Sayana Haskovo. Sayana took Haskovo's place in the Southeast Third League. The original club was reformed under the name OFC Haskovo.

Haskovo
Haskovo (Bulgarian: Хасково [ˈxaskovo]) is a city in the region of Northern Thrace in southern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of the Haskovo Province, not far from the borders with Greece and Turkey. According to Operative Program Regional Development of Bulgaria, the urban area of Haskovo is the seventh largest in Bulgaria and has a population of 184,731 inhabitants. Haskovo has a population of 64,564 as of 2022, making it Bulgaria's 12th largest city.

The first settlement found in Haskovo is from circa 5000 BC. Haskovo celebrated its 1,000th anniversary as a town in 1985. To mark the event, a new clock tower was erected in the centre of the town.

Haskovo Cove in Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, is named after Haskovo.
2010–11 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey season
The 2010–11 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers ice hockey team represented the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The Chargers were coached by Chris Luongo who was in his first season as head coach. His assistant coaches were Mike Warde and Gavin Morgan. The Chargers played their home games in the Propst Arena at the Von Braun Center, competed as an independent and finished with an overall record of 4–26–2.

Chris Luongo
Christopher John Luongo (born March 17, 1967) is an American ice hockey coach and former ice hockey player. Luongo played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Detroit Red Wings, Ottawa Senators, and New York Islanders between 1991 and 1996. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1989 to 2004, was spent in various minor leagues, and then several years in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. Internationally Luongo played for the American national team at three World Championships. After retiring from playing, Luongo turned to coaching, and has spent several years as an assistant coach at the American collegiate level.
First cabinet of Donald Trump
Donald Trump assumed office as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017, and his first term ended on January 20, 2021. The president has the authority to nominate members of his cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution.

Before confirmation and during congressional hearings a high-level career member of an executive department heads this pre-confirmed cabinet on an acting basis. The cabinet's creation was part of the transition of power following the 2016 presidential election.

This article documents the nomination and confirmation process for any successful or unsuccessful cabinet nominees of the first Trump administration. They are listed in order of creation of the cabinet position (also used as the basis for the United States presidential line of succession).

United States Senate Committee on Finance
The United States Senate Committee on Finance (or, less formally, Senate Finance Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The committee concerns itself with matters relating to taxation and other revenue measures generally, and those relating to the insular possessions; bonded debt of the United States; customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery; deposit of public moneys; general revenue sharing; health programs under the Social Security Act (notably Medicare and Medicaid) and health programs financed by a specific tax or trust fund; national social security; reciprocal trade agreements; tariff and import quotas, and related matters thereto; and the transportation of dutiable goods. It is considered to be one of the most powerful committees in Congress.
Subağı, Karkamış
Subağı, formerly and still informally called Tilsülmen, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karkamış, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 110 in 2022 and is inhabited by Turkmens of the Barak tribe.

Karkamış
Karkamış, formerly Carablus, is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 298 km2, and its population is 9,379 (2022). It is next to the site of ancient Carchemish.

It is a border checkpoint on the road to Jarabulus in Syria.
Muja, Ethiopia
Muja (Amharic: ሙጃ) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 12°04′N 39°27′E﻿ / ﻿12.067°N 39.450°E﻿ / 12.067; 39.450 with an elevation of 2918 meters above sea level.

Ras (title)
Ras (Amharic: ራስ, romanized: ras, lit. 'head' compare with Arabic Rais or Hebrew Rosh), is a noble title in the Ethiopian Semitic languages.  It is one of the powerful non-imperial titles.

Historian Harold G. Marcus equates the Ras title to a duke; others have compared it to "prince".

The combined title of Leul Ras (Amharic: ልዑል ራስ) was given to the heads of the cadet branches of the Imperial dynasty, such as the Princes of Gojjam, Tigray, Ras Tafari Makonnen and the Selalle sub-branch of the last reigning Shewan Branch, and meaning "Lord of Lords", the highest title of lord.
The Young and the Restless storylines
The storylines of the soap opera The Young and the Restless have changed over the years since the show debuted in 1973. Originally examining the lives of the wealthy Brooks and the poor Fosters, a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s turned the focus of The Young and the Restless to the Abbotts and the Newmans, including the corporate rivalry between their two respective companies. However, one basic plot that has run throughout almost all of the program's history is the rivalry between Jill Foster Abbott and Katherine Chancellor, similar to the show's sister show, The Bold and the Beautiful, regarding Brooke Logan and Stephanie Forrester.

Jack Abbott (The Young and the Restless)
Jack Abbott is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. The character was introduced in 1980 being portrayed by Terry Lester. Lester departed from the series in 1989 and was replaced by Peter Bergman shortly thereafter. Bergman relocated to California after successfully auditioning for the part. His first episode aired on November 27, 1989. Jack is known for his longstanding feud with the Newman family patriarch, Victor Newman as well as his romances with Diane Jenkins, Nikki Newman, Phyllis Summers, and Sharon Newman. Jack has represented the Abbott family as the patriarch since the 2006 passing of his father, John Abbott.
Isothermal process
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium). In contrast, an adiabatic process is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings (Q = 0).

Simply, we can say that in an isothermal process

For ideal gases only, internal energy

while in adiabatic processes:

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.