hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metamathematics
Metamathematics is the study of mathematics itself using mathematical methods. This study produces metatheories, which are mathematical theories about other mathematical theories. Emphasis on metamathematics (and perhaps the creation of the term itself) owes itself to David Hilbert's attempt to secure the foundations of mathematics in the early part of the 20th century. Metamathematics provides "a rigorous mathematical technique for investigating a great variety of foundation problems for mathematics and logic" (Kleene 1952, p. 59). An important feature of metamathematics is its emphasis on differentiating between reasoning from inside a system and from outside a system. An informal illustration of this is categorizing the proposition "2+2=4" as belonging to mathematics while categorizing the proposition "'2+2=4' is valid" as belonging to metamathematics.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Juliann Faucette
Juliann Faucette (born November 25, 1989) is an American professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite spiker for the LOVB Pro team LOVB Austin. She also represented the United States national team.

Italian Women's Volleyball League
The Italian Women's Volleyball League Serie A1 (Italian: Lega Pallavolo Serie A Femminile), is the highest women's volleyball league in Italy. It is organized and administered by the Italian Volleyball Federation (FIPAV). It is considered one of the oldest women's top national leagues in European volleyball, being established in 1946, and its clubs have achieved significant success in the continental European club competitions.
2025 British Academy Television Craft Awards
The 26th Annual British Academy Television Craft Awards are scheduled to take place on 27 April 2025 at The Brewery in London, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize technical achievements in British television of 2024.

The nominees were announced on 27 March 2025 alongside the nominations for the 2025 British Academy Television Awards. The category for Best Children's Craft Team was added, increasing the number of competitive awards to twenty-three. Baby Reindeer and Rivals led the nominations with four each, followed by Storyville, Slow Horses and Mr Bates vs The Post Office, all with three. The most awarded programmes were Baby Reindeer, Slow Horses and Rivals, all with two craft awards each.

British Academy Television Craft Awards
The British Academy Television Craft Awards is an accolade presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), a charitable organisation established in 1947, which: "supports, promotes and develops the art forms of the moving image – film, television and video games – by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners and benefiting the public."

Having previously been handed out with the British Academy Television Awards, the awards were established in 2000 as a way to spotlight technical achievements, without being overshadowed by the production categories.
Jerome A. Cohen
Jerome Alan Cohen (July 1, 1930 – September 22, 2025) was an American legal scholar. He was a professor of law at the New York University School of Law, an expert in Chinese law, and an adjunct senior fellow for Asia Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.

Cohen was an advocate of human rights in China, and took active roles in securing the release of Song Yongyi and Chen Guangcheng from under Chinese custody. His former students include Taiwanese president Ma Ying-jeou, and former Taiwanese vice president Annette Lu.

Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (known as Paul, Weiss) is an American multinational white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City.

The firm historically focused on litigation, but shifted towards corporate law after Brad Karp became chairman in 2008. The firm has offices in Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, Wilmington, Toronto, London, Brussels, Tokyo, and Hong Kong.
ONE: Winter Warriors
ONE: Winter Warriors (also known as ONE 148: Eersel vs. Murtazaev) was a Combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on December 3, 2021, at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Kallang, Singapore.

ONE Championship
ONE Championship, formerly ONE Fighting Championship (ONE FC) until January 2015, is a multinational combat sports promotion founded on 14 July 2011 by Chatri Sityodtong and Victor Cui. Originally focused on mixed martial arts (MMA), ONE events have since incorporated muay thai, kickboxing, and submission grappling bouts. The promotion held its first event on 3 September 2011 at the Singapore Indoor Stadium, and has since held over 200 events across Asia. In 2022, parent company One Group Holdings, changed its legal operations from Singapore to the Cayman Islands.
Oeschinensee and Kandertal landslides
The area of Oeschinen Lake and Kander river valley in Switzerland have been subject of multiple large landslides during the Holocene. Both the number and timing of landslides are disputed, but the most recent estimates state that the large Kander landslide occurred about 3,210 years ago and the smaller Oeschinen Lake landslide 2,300 years ago. Both may have been caused by earthquakes, and the latter landslide generated the Oeschinen Lake. More recent landslides have occurred, and unstable rock masses occur in the landslide area.

Oeschinen Lake
Oeschinen Lake (German: Oeschinensee) is a mountain lake in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, located above the village of Kandersteg. It lies at an elevation of 1,578 metres (5,177 ft), covers 1.115 km² (0.43 sq mi), and reaches a maximum depth of 56 metres (184 ft). The lake was formed by prehistoric landslides. Since 2007 it has formed part of the Swiss Alps Jungfrau–Aletsch UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Graham Gymnasium
The Graham Gymnasium is a historic building on the campus of Western New Mexico University in Silver City, New Mexico. It was built in 1936, making it one of the last buildings of the original campus completed. An extension was built in 1977–1978. The original building was designed in the Mission Revival style by architect John Gaw Meem, with a Zia sun symbol. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 22, 1988.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, New Mexico
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, New Mexico.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Grant County, New Mexico, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 45 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. All of the places within the county on the National Register are also listed on the State Register of Cultural Properties.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 11, 2025.
2024 Rhode Island Senate election
The 2024 Rhode Island State Senate elections took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. The primary election was held on Tuesday, September 10, 2024. Rhode Island voters elected state senators in all 38 seats of the Senate to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Rhode Island state elections, including U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Rhode Island House.

Following the previous election in 2022, Democrats held a 33-to-5-seat supermajority over Republicans. However, Democrat Frank Lombardo died on February 21, 2024, and Democrat Sandra Cano resigned on September 12, 2024. Therefore, going into the election, Democrats held a supermajority of 31 seats compared to the five seats held by Republicans.

Rhode Island Democratic Party
The Rhode Island Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Elizabeth Perik is the chair of the party. The party has dominated politics in Rhode Island for the past five decades.
Washington Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania
Washington Township is a township that is located in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,670 at the time of the 2020 census.

The township includes the communities of Advance, Davis, Five Points, and Willet (previously called Marlin's Mill). It surrounds, but does not include, the borough of Creekside.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide is a lithiated organosilicon compound with the formula LiN(Si(CH3)3)2. It is commonly abbreviated as LiHMDS or Li(HMDS) (lithium hexamethyldisilazide - a reference to its conjugate acid HMDS) and is primarily used as a strong non-nucleophilic base and as a ligand. Like many lithium reagents, it has a tendency to aggregate and will form a cyclic trimer in the absence of coordinating species.

Steric effects
Steric effects  arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and reactivity of molecules. Steric repulsive forces between overlapping electron clouds result in structured groupings of molecules stabilized by the way that unlike charges attract and like charges repel.
Wil Roebroeks
Wil Roebroeks (born 5 May 1955) is the professor of Palaeolithic Archaeology at Leiden University in the Netherlands. He is widely considered to be the pre-eminent Dutch archaeologist. In 2001 he became a member of the influential Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2007 Roebroeks won the Spinozapremie, the most prestigious scientific award in the Netherlands.

Spinoza Prize
The Spinoza Prize (Dutch: Spinozapremie) is an annual award of 1.5 million euro prize money, to be spent on new research given by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The award is the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. It is named after the philosopher Baruch de Spinoza.

The prize is awarded to researchers in the Netherlands who belong to the best in their field. Academics can nominate each other and an international commission evaluates the submissions. It is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Nobel Prize.
Woodland Cemetery (Cleveland)
Woodland Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 6901 Woodland Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Established in 1853, it became Cleveland's main public cemetery after its founding and remained so for the next half-century. It fell into extreme disrepair, and most of its outstanding architectural features dismantled or demolished. In 1986, Woodland Cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The cemetery has since undergone restoration.

23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during much of the American Civil War. It served in the Eastern Theater in a variety of campaigns and battles, and is remembered with a stone memorial on the Antietam National Battlefield not far from Burnside's Bridge.

The regiment later became noted for its many up-and-coming politicians. Future presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley served in this unit, as did future U.S. senator and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court Stanley Matthews and Robert P. Kennedy, a future U.S. Congressman. Other notable officers included James M. Comly and Eliakim P. Scammon, both of whom became influential nationally after the war. Harrison Gray Otis, the famed owner and publisher of the Los Angeles Times, also fought with the 23rd Ohio during the war. All told, before the regiment was mustered out at war's end, it had seen five generals serve in it.
Alslev
Alslev is a town in southwestern Jutland in the Varde Municipality, in Region of Southern Denmark. As of 1 January 2025, it has a population of 1,319.

Alslev and surrounding area was impacted by the F4 Tornado that hit multiple towns & villages north and north-west of Esbjerg on November 24, 1928. Minor damage was observed within Alslev.

Varde Municipality
Varde Municipality (Danish: Varde Kommune) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in southwest Denmark. Its mayor is Mads Sørensen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and site of its municipal council is the town of Varde. It covers an area of 1255.79 km2 with a population of 49,410 (2025).

On 1 January 2007 Varde municipality was, as a result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with the existing Blaabjerg, Blåvandshuk, most of Helle (Grimstrup parish, a part of the former Helle Municipality, merged with Esbjerg Municipality), and Ølgod municipalities to form a new Varde municipality. Årre is also located in Varde.
Steamboats of Yaquina Bay and Yaquina River
Yaquina Bay, like Coos Bay, is a shallow coastal bay on the Oregon Coast in the Pacific Northwest of North America.  The principal town on Yaquina Bay is Newport, Oregon.  The Yaquina River flows into the bay.  Until modern roads reached Newport in the late 1920s, the principal transportation method to and from Newport was by ship or boat.

Yaquina, Oregon
Yaquina (/jəˈkwɪnə/ yə-KWIN-ə), at one time a thriving port called Yaquina City, is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, in the U.S. state of Oregon.  It is near the mouth of the Yaquina River, on the east side of Yaquina Bay, and is a 3-to-4-mile (5 to 6 km) drive from Newport. The Oregon Press Association, which became the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association, was founded in Yaquina City in 1887.
2020 Bengaluru Open
The 2020 Bengaluru Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bangalore, India from 10 to 16 February 2020.

2020 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2020 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2020 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 57 tournaments with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $162,480. It was the 43rd edition of challenger tournaments cycle and 12th under the name of Challenger Tour.

The Challenger Tour was suspended between 13 March and 16 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diving at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's synchronised 10 metre platform
The men's synchronised 10 metre platform is part of the 2022 Commonwealth Games diving program. The competition will be held on 5 August 2022 at Sandwell Aquatics Centre in Birmingham, England.

Neither reigning champion returns to the event. Tom Daley chose to miss the Games, while partner Daniel Goodfellow has switched to the men's 3 metre springboard synchronised event. Olympic champion Matty Lee is listed to take part with new partner Noah Williams. Nations can send more than one team to a synchronised event and hosts England have entered two teams in this event.

Diving at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Diving is one of the sports contested at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, to be held in Birmingham, England. The sport has been staged in all twenty-one previous editions of the Games thus far, and will be contested in England for the third time.

The competition is scheduled to take place between 4 and 8 August 2022, spread across twelve events, two more than in Gold Coast as mixed-sex 3 metre and 10 metre synchronised events are held for the first time. All individual events shall have preliminaries and finals, while synchronised events will be a straight final.
Cindy Sherman
Cynthia Morris Sherman (born January 19, 1954) is an American artist whose work consists primarily of photographic self-portraits, depicting herself in many different contexts and as various imagined characters.

Her breakthrough work is often considered to be the collection Untitled Film Stills, a series of 70 black-and-white photographs of herself evoking typical female roles in performance media (especially arthouse films and popular B-movies).

Phillips (auctioneers)
Phillips, formerly known as Phillips the Auctioneers and briefly as Phillips de Pury, is a British auction house. It was founded in London in 1796, and has head offices in London and in New York City. In 2022 it was owned by the Mercury Group, a Russian luxury goods company.
Vektor State Enterprise
JSC Vektor State Enterprise (Russian: Уральское производственное предприятие „Вектор“) is a company based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is part of the Almaz-Antey defense holding.

Vektor State Enterprise produces military electronics including missile-related guidance systems and radars. In the 1990s it was developing conversion products including medical, agricultural, and telecommunications equipment.

Almaz-Antey Corporation
JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (Russian: ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of Antey Corporation and NPO Almaz, unifying some of the national military enterprises, in particular, the developers of anti-aircraft defence and cruise missile systems. The organisation is headquartered in Moscow and is the world's eighth-largest defence contractor measured by 2017 defence revenues. In 2017, Almaz-Antey had arms sales of $9.125 billion.

The Almaz-Antey group produce air defense systems, firearms for aircraft and armored vehicles, artillery shells and surface-to-surface missiles, airspace surveillance and coordination and artillery radars. The group also manufacture civilian products such as navigation systems, air traffic systems, civil airtraffic- and weather radars, sewage cleaning systems, ventilation valves for nuclear power plants, and plastic packaging for cosmetics and food products.
J. W. Cole
James William Cole (August 14, 1927 – March 1, 2014) was an American football coach and player. As a college football player at the University of Oklahoma, he was a member of teams that won 31 consecutive games under head coach Bud Wilkinson. Cole served as the head football coach at Southwestern Oklahoma State University from 1958 to 1963 and Northwestern Oklahoma State University from 1968 to 1971.

Cole played football at Hollis High School in Hollis, Oklahoma before graduating 1947. At Oklahoma, he played as a tackle. Following his graduation from Oklahoma, Cole assisted with coaching the freshman football team at his alma mater. After serving in the military, he was appointed line coach at Southwestern Oklahoma State in June 1954, serving for four seasons under Joe Metcalf before succeeding him as head coach in January 1958.

Bud Wilkinson
Charles Burnham "Bud" Wilkinson (April 23, 1916 – February 9, 1994) was an American football player, coach, broadcaster, and politician. He served as the head football coach at the University of Oklahoma from 1947 to 1963, compiling a record of 145–29–4. His Oklahoma Sooners won three national championships (1950, 1955, and 1956) and 14 conference titles. Between 1953 and 1957, Wilkinson's Oklahoma squads won 47 straight games, a record that still stands at the highest level of college football. After retiring from coaching following the 1963 season, Wilkinson entered into politics and in 1965 became a broadcaster with ABC Sports. He returned to coaching in 1978, as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) for two seasons. Wilkinson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1969.
In Concert (The Dubliners album)
In Concert is a live album by The Dubliners, released in 1965.

By the time The Dubliners had recorded their second album live at the Cecil Sharp House in December 1964, they had become a quintet. Luke Kelly had temporarily left the group and Bobby Lynch and John Sheahan had joined. This was to be Lynch's only recording with The Dubliners, as he left the group when Kelly returned. Sheahan has been with the group ever since and in latter years has become their manager.

Luke Kelly
Luke Kelly (17 November 1940 – 30 January 1984) was an Irish singer, folk musician and actor from Dublin, Ireland. Born into a working-class household in the city, he moved to England in his late teens and became involved in the folk music revival there. After returning to Dublin in the early 1960s, he co-founded the Dubliners in 1962. Known for his distinctive singing style and occasional political themes, Kelly has been described by The Irish Post and other commentators as one of Ireland's greatest folk singers.
Esperanto in the Czech Republic
Esperanto has been used in the Czech Republic since the 19th century. It was suppressed by the Nazi and Communist governments of the 20th century before being revived in 1969. The Czech Republic is home to the Esperanto Museum in Svitavy.

Esperanto Museum in Svitavy
Esperanto Museum in Svitavy (Czech: Muzeum esperanta ve Svitavách) is a museum in Svitavy in the Czech Republic. It presents the history and current activity of the Esperanto movement. It was inaugurated in September 2008.