hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apangea
Apangea is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single species Apangea pang (Oberthür, 1886) endemic to Tibet and West China. This species is sometimes placed in Lycaena.

Lycaena
Lycaena is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena. Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within Lycaena; the genus Gaiedes may also belong here. Many of the subgenera, species groups and species listed here may be synonyms.
Arch Hurd
Arch Hurd is a distribution of the GNU operating system with the GNU Hurd kernel (instead of the Linux kernel, which comes with the Arch Linux distribution).

The Arch Hurd project was founded on an Arch Linux forum thread in January 2010 and, after a few weeks with many contributions, progressed to the point where it could boot in a virtual machine. It aims to provide an Arch-like user environment (BSD-style init scripts, i686-optimised packages, use of the pacman package manager, rolling-release, and a KISS set up) on the Hurd which is stable enough for use.

Rolling release
Rolling release, also known as rolling update or continuous delivery, is a concept in software development of frequently delivering updates to applications. This is in contrast to a standard or point release development model which uses software versions which replace the previous version.

A rolling release model is different from a staged or "staggered" rollout, in which an update is gradually made available to an increasing percentage of users for testing or bandwidth reasons.

An example of a rolling release would be Arch Linux, where new packages and updates roll in constantly, and significant changes to the distribution may occur at any time by the developers. This is in contrast to Ubuntu Linux, which has biannual releases, with the only major changes after a release being security updates or significant bug fixes.
Vitellia gens
The gens Vitellia was a family of ancient Rome, which rose from obscurity in imperial times, and briefly held the Empire itself in AD 69.  The first of this gens to obtain the consulship was Aulus Vitellius, uncle of the emperor Vitellius, in AD 32.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Abdullah Jusoh
Abdullah bin Jusoh is a Malaysian politician. He has served as Member of the Kedah State Executive Council (EXCO) in Pakatan Rakyat (PR) administration under Menteri Besar Azizan Abdul Razak from 2008 to 2010 as well as Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly for Pantai Merdeka from March 2008 to May 2013. He is a member of Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN), formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Gagasan Sejahtera (GS) coalitions.

Pakatan Rakyat
Pakatan Rakyat (PR; English: People's Alliance) was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
Lin Tsan-ting
Lin Tsan-ting (Chinese: 林贊庭; pinyin: Lín Zàntíng; 22 March 1930 – 14 March 2025) was a Taiwanese cinematographer known for his extensive contributions to Taiwanese cinema. Born in Fengyuan District, Taichung, Taiwan, he began his career in 1949 as an apprentice at the Agricultural Education Motion Pictures studio, which later evolved into the Central Motion Picture Corporation. Throughout his career, Lin worked on over 130 films, earning multiple accolades, including four Golden Horse Awards for Best Cinematography and the Asia Pacific Film Festival Award for Best Cinematography. In 2021, he received the Golden Horse Lifetime Achievement Award, becoming the first cinematographer to be so honored. Lin played a large role in transitioning Taiwan's film industry from black-and-white to color production and mentored many aspiring cinematographers.

Jong Lin
Lin Liang-chung (Chinese: 林良忠; pinyin: Lín Liángzhōng), also credited as Jong Lin, is a Taiwanese-born cinematographer. He is best known for his contributions to several of director Ang Lee's early films. Lin collaborated with prominent directors in mainland China and internationally, including serving as cinematographer for Gurinder Chadha in the British film Bend It Like Beckham. He is sometimes credited as "Josh Lin".
1990 FIVB Volleyball World League
The 1990 FIVB Volleyball World League was the first edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament, played by 8 countries from 27 April to 15 July 1990. The Final Round was held in Osaka, Japan.

FIVB Volleyball World League
The FIVB Volleyball World League was an annual international men's volleyball competition. Created in 1990, it was the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The women's version of the competition was called FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. This event should not be confused with the other international volleyball competitions, the World Championship, the World Cup and the World Grand Champions Cup.

From 2018, the World League and World Grand Prix was replaced by the men's and women's Nations League and men's and women's Challenger Cup.
Rama Koirala Paudel
Rama Koirala Paudel is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
With Friends from the Orchestra
With Friends from the Orchestra is an album by the English progressive rock band Marillion. It was released on 29 November 2019 through earMUSIC and Intact Records. The album consists of orchestral re-recordings of songs from the band's catalogue, spanning Seasons End (1989) to Sounds That Can't Be Made (2012). Recording took place at the Racket Club (the band's own studio) and Peter Gabriel's Real World Studios. Strings were provided by the in Praise of Folly String Quartet, and string arrangements were written by Michael Hunter, who also co-produced the album with the band. The release is the band's second album of re-recordings, after Less Is More (2009).

Less Is More (Marillion album)
Less Is More is an acoustic studio album by Marillion, released on the band's own label on 2 October 2009. A retail version is distributed by Edel Music. The band's 16th studio album, it contains re-arranged songs from the period that Steve Hogarth has been their singer (since 1989) plus the previously unreleased track, "It's Not Your Fault". Despite some positive reviews, the album did not chart in the UK.
Constitutional status of Cornwall
The constitutional status of Cornwall has been a matter of debate and dispute. Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is currently an administrative county of England, with movements advocating for Cornwall to be regarded separately from being a county of England and either as a country of the United Kingdom or an independent country in its own right.

In ethnic and cultural terms, until around 1700, Cornwall and its inhabitants were regarded as a separate people by their English neighbours. One aspect of the distinct identity of Cornwall is the Cornish language, which survived into the early modern period (down to 5,000 speakers in the 18th century) but was then revived in the 20th Century.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Goose Island (Guilford)
41°12′31″N 72°40′20″W﻿ / ﻿41.20861°N 72.67222°W﻿ / 41.20861; -72.67222


Goose Island is a small, uninhabited rocky island (technically an islet) off of the coast of Connecticut, in Long Island Sound. It belongs to the town of Guilford. It is near Falkner Island, North Rocks, Falkner Island Reef, Stony Island, and Three Quarters Rock. Goose Island has eroded to the point that it is 0.5 acre and virtually underwater at high tide, although it was once about 4 acres in size. The strait between the two islands is between 16 and 8 feet deep. The coastline is defined prominently by two small bays that connect during high tide.

The island is currently privately owned, but may someday become part of the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge.

Guilford, Connecticut
Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. It borders Madison, Branford, North Branford, and Durham. It is situated on I-95 and the Connecticut coast. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 22,073 at the 2020 census.
DDT Max Bump
Max Bump was a recurring professional wrestling event held annually by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT) from 2001 to 2023. It was originally held from 2001 to 2019 by DDT as an independent promotion, and then by CyberFight from 2021 to 2023 as a DDT branded event. It was usually held around the holidays of the Golden Week, between April and May. The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the event moved from Tokyo to Yokohama and was renamed Mega Max Bump.

Kyohei Mikami
Kyohei Mikami (三上 恭平, Mikami Kyōhei; born December 28, 1973), known by his stage name Mikami (stylized as MIKAMI), is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known for his work for Dramatic Dream Team both as a singles wrestler and with Thanomsak Toba in a tag team called Suicide Boyz.
Maîtresses couturières
Maîtresses couturières was a French guild organisation for seamstresses within the city of Paris, active from 30 March 1675 until 1791. It was one of only three guilds open to women in Paris prior to 1776, the other two being the Maitresses bouquetieres and the Maîtresses marchandes lingères.

They had permission to manufacture clothes for women and children, with the exception of the most expensive court dress for women. This placed them in competition with the tailors' guild, who had permission to manufacture clothes for both men and women.

The guild was somewhat unusual: though the occupation of seamstress was very common and socially accepted for a woman, it was normally practiced outside of the guilds in Europe prior to the 19th century, and discriminated against by the tailors' guilds. Paris was rare in having an actual guild for seamstresses, and it was further increased with the Marchandes de modes of 1776.

Dressmaker
A dressmaker, also known as a seamstress, is a person who makes clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Dressmakers were historically known as mantua-makers, and are also known as a modiste or fabrician.
1948 Claxton Shield
The 1948 Claxton Shield (at the time known as either the 1948 Australian Carnival or the 1948 Interstate Carnival) was the ninth annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament. It was held in Perth, Western Australia from 7 to 14 August, and was won by Victoria for the second time overall, successfully defending their title from 1947. The other participants were South Australia, New South Wales, and hosts Western Australia.

South Australia (baseball team)
South Australia (previously known as the South Australian Bite) competes in the Claxton Shield Baseball Championship in Australia. As one of the founding teams of the Claxton Shield in 1934, they participated until 1988, when the Shield began being awarded to the winner of the Australian Baseball League. In 1999, they were invited to join the International Baseball League of Australia, where they competed for two seasons (1999–2000 and 2002). After that, the Claxton Shield returned to a format similar to the one used prior to 1988.
2012 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2012 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from December 7-11, 2011 at the Broomstones Curling Club in Wayland, Massachusetts. Brady Clark and his wife Cristin Clark won the tournament, earning the right to represent the United States at the 2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Erzurum, Turkey.

2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2012 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held at the Milli Piyango Curling Arena in Erzurum, Turkey from April 23 to 29. Erzurum previously hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade, during which the Milli Piyango Curling Arena was used for the curling competition. Among the previous hosts of the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships, Turkey is the nation with the least experience in curling; its curling federation joined the World Curling Federation in 2009. For the first time since 2009, the event was not held in conjunction with the same year's World Senior Championships.

Switzerland won its fourth title in five years, defeating Sweden in the final with a score of 7–6. Austria won its first medal at the World Mixed Doubles Championship with a 12–7 win in the bronze medal game over the United States, which had its best finish at the event.
Cine lens
Cine lenses or cinema lenses are lenses that are designed especially for cinematography, and whose main distinguishing feature from conventional photographic lenses is the "clickless" or "declicked" aperture ring. Markings on the aperture ring indicate T-stops rather than f-stops as used in still photography. Furthermore, it is a desirable characteristic for cine lenses to occupy the same form factor as each other so as to be readily interchangeable and identical in operation. This particularly applies to lenses with different focal lengths. In order to maximise interchangeability, lenses within a series of cine lenses are often identical in transmittance of light (maximum T-stop).

Anamorphic lenses for cinematography may also be classified as cine lenses.

LK Samyang
Samyang Optics is a South Korean manufacturer of camera lenses for several major brands of third-party mounts for still photography and video cameras. The company was founded in 1972 and has about 150 employees. Samyang exports to 58 countries through 39 overseas agents and distributors.

In July 2023, Samyang joined the L-Mount Alliance.

On March 28, 2024, "Samyang Optics" officially changed its name to "LK Samyang Co., Ltd". "LK" stands for "Leading Korea".

Samyang products are also sold under a wide variety of different brand names.  Some examples are Rokinon, Bower, Opteka, Vivitar, Phoenix and Quantaray.
Wandly Yazid
Hj Wandly Yazid, known as Pak Wandly (24 February 1925 – 5 August 2005) is a composer, arranger and musician, who contributed to the Malay film and music industry from the 1940s to the 1960s. He performed as a violinist with the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. In 2001, he received the COMPASS Meritorious Award by Composers and Authors Society of Singapore. He composed Gurindam Jiwa, the theme song for the classic film of the same name. In 2015, the song won the Top Song Award at Viva Musik SG50 by Suria, Warna 94.2FM, and Ria 89.7 FM.

National Arts Council, Singapore
The National Arts Council (NAC) is a statutory board established on 15 October 1991 to oversee the development of arts in Singapore. It is under the purview of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. The NAC provides grants, scholarships, awards and platforms for arts practitioners, as well as arts education and programmes for the general public.
Millennium Falcon (novel)
Millennium Falcon (2008) is a novel by James Luceno set in the Star Wars expanded universe about the fictional history of Han Solo's starship, the Millennium Falcon. It was originally set to be released on December 30, 2008, but was pushed up to October 21, 2008.

Fate of the Jedi
Fate of the Jedi is a series of nine science-fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe (now known as Star Wars Legends). The series is written in three cycles by the authors Aaron Allston, Christie Golden, and Troy Denning.
2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Europe
The 2005 Speedway Grand Prix of Europe was the first round of the 2005 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 30 April 2005 at the Olympic Stadium in Wrocław, Poland.

It was the fifth time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Europe had been held.

The Grand Prix was by the Swedish rider Tony Rickardsson (his 15th career Grand Prix win).

Speedway Grand Prix of Europe
The Speedway Grand Prix of Europe was a motorcycle speedway event that was a part of the Speedway Grand Prix series (the world championship).

It was held 14 times from 2000 to 2014 before effectively being replaced by additional Grand Prix events in Poland from the 2015 season.
Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line
Rate-adaptive digital subscriber line (RADSL) is a pre-standard asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) solution. RADSL was introduced as proprietary technology by AT&T Paradyne, later GlobeSpan Technologies Inc., in June 1996. In September 1999, RADSL technology was formally described by ANSI in T1.TR.59-1999. RADSL supports downstream data rates of up to approximately 8 Mbit/s, upstream data rates up to approximately 1 Mbit/s, and can coexist with POTS voice on the same line.

RADSL allows rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation — rate-adaptation during connection setup is possible in many other DSL variants, including G.dmt and its successors. Rate-adaptation while the connection is in operation is specified as an option in ADSL2, ADSL2+, and VDSL2, under the name seamless rate adaptation (SRA).

G.992.3
ITU G.992.3 is an ITU (International Telecommunication Union) standard, also referred to as ADSL2 or G.dmt.bis. It optionally extends the capability of basic ADSL in data rates to 12 Mbit/s downstream and, depending on Annex version, up to 3.5 Mbit/s upstream (with a mandatory capability of ADSL2 transceivers of 8 Mbit/s downstream and 800 kbit/s upstream). ADSL2 uses the same bandwidth as ADSL but achieves higher throughput via improved modulation techniques. Actual speeds may decrease depending on line quality; usually the most significant factor in line quality is the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's equipment.
History of the bicycle
Vehicles that have two wheels and require balancing by the rider date back to the early 19th century. The first means of transport making use of two wheels arranged tandemly, and thus the archetype of the bicycle, was the German draisine dating back to 1817. The term bicycle was coined in France in the 1860s, and the descriptive title "penny-farthing", used to describe an "ordinary bicycle", is a 19th-century term.

Serpentine shape
A serpentine shape is any of certain curved shapes of an object or design, which are suggestive of the shape of a snake (the adjective "serpentine" is derived from the word serpent). Serpentine shapes occur in architecture, in furniture, and in mathematics.
Puerto Rico Highway 29
Puerto Rico Highway 29 (PR-29) is an avenue in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. It connects from the PR-2 (in Hato Tejas) to the PR-5, intersects the PR-167 at Plaza del Sol (a major commercial centers of Bayamón). This road is called Avenida Main Oeste.

Puerto Rico Highway 29

Western terminus at PR-2 junction in Hato Tejas barrio, looking north

Westbound sign in Juan Sánchez barrio

Puerto Rico Highway 5
Puerto Rico Highway 5 (PR-5) is a main highway in the San Juan Metropolitan area which connects the cities of Cataño to Bayamón and is being extended and converted to a tollway (it has a toll plaza in Bayamón near PR-2 and PR-174) to access the municipalities of Naranjito and Comerío. It is a short freeway from south Cataño to the business area in Bayamón. It makes intersections with PR-22, PR-6, PR-2 and PR-199, where it ends at this time. The highway will parallel PR-167 and will contain the new cable-stayed bridge being built between Bayamón and Naranjito. It will probably end in Puerto Rico highway 152 when completed.
Antihumanism
In social theory and philosophy, antihumanism or anti-humanism is a theory that is critical of traditional humanism and its traditional ideas about humanity and the human condition. Central to antihumanism is the view that philosophical anthropology and its concepts of "human nature", "man" or "humanity" should be rejected as historically relative, ideological or metaphysical.

Agency (philosophy)
Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. In some contexts, the exercise of agency is linked to questions of moral responsibility, and may pertain to questions of moral agency.

Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
Telmessos (Caria)
Telmessos or Telmessus (Ancient Greek: Τελμησσός or Τελμισσός), was a town in ancient Caria.

Its site is tentatively located at the remains near Görece in western Anatolia. There was a shrine dedicated to the nymph Daphne in Telmessos.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.