hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turner Cattle Pound
Turner Cattle Pound is a historic animal pound at the corner of Gen. Turner Hill Road and Kennebec Trail in Turner, Maine.  Built in 1816, it is a well-preserved example of a once-common feature of New England's agricultural communities.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Turner, Maine
Turner is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States.  The population was 5,817 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of Turner, Turner Center and North Turner. The town is part of the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine Metropolitan New England City and Town Area.
Kernel (set theory)
In set theory, the kernel of a function  (or equivalence kernel) may be taken to be either

the equivalence relation on the function's domain that roughly expresses the idea of "equivalent as far as the function  can tell", or

the corresponding partition of the domain.

An unrelated notion is that of the kernel of a non-empty family of sets  which by definition is the intersection of all its elements:
 
This definition is used in the theory of filters to classify them as being free or principal.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
Transpiration stream
In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/apoplast-interface of the substomatal cavity. It is driven by capillary action and in some plants by root pressure. The main driving factor is the difference in water potential between the soil and the substomatal cavity caused by transpiration.

Root
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water.
Ghanaian anti-LGBT+ bill
The Ghanaian anti-LGBT+ bill (formally the Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill) is a proposed law in Ghana that would introduce wide-ranging restrictions on LGBTQ rights. The bill was approved by the Parliament of Ghana on 28 February 2024 with bipartisan support and would only have come into effect if signed into law by then-President Nana Akufo-Addo, since succeeded as president by John Dramani Mahama. The bill lapsed with the dissolution of Ghana's parliament prior to the 2024 Ghanaian general election. In March 2025, a group of 10 MPs reintroduced it as a private member's bill, which must begin the parliamentary process again from the start; President Mahama said that while he supported the principle of the legislation, he would prefer it to be introduced as a government bill rather as a private member's bill.

Alexander Afenyo-Markin
Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin (born 27 May 1978) is the Member of Parliament for the Effutu constituency, Central Region, Ghana. He serves on several committees, including the Committee on Defence and Interior.

He was the Deputy Majority Leader in the eighth Parliament of Ghana until February 2024, when he was promoted to Majority Leader as part of a reshuffle by President Nana Akufo-Addo and the leadership of the New Patriotic Party.
Dunrobin, Queensland
Dunrobin is a former rural locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Dunrobin had a population of 14 people.

On 22 November 2019, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra. Dunrobin was mostly incorporated into Jericho, except for the south-east corner which was incorporated into Alpha and the south-west corner which was incorporated into Aramac.

Muttaburra
Muttaburra /ˈmʌtəbʌrə/ is an outback town and locality in the Barcaldine Region, Queensland, Australia. Muttaburra was the discovery site of the Muttaburrasaurus, one of Australia's most famous dinosaurs.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Muttaburra had a population of 158 people.
2023 Bhiwani killings
The 2023 Bhiwani Killings, also known as the Killings of Nasir and Junaid, refer to the brutal murder of two men, Nasir (aged 25) and Junaid alias Juna (aged 35), both residents of Ghatmika village in Bharatpur district, Rajasthan. On 16 February 2023, their charred bodies were discovered inside a burnt Bolero vehicle near Loharu in Haryana’s Bhiwani district.

The killings, allegedly perpetrated by cow vigilantes associated with the Bajrang Dal, sparked widespread outrage and renewed focus on vigilante violence in northern India. The case took a significant turn in July 2025 with the suicide of Lokesh Singla, one of the accused, who alleged harassment by Bajrang Dal members in a video recorded before his death.

Bajrang Dal
Bajrang Dal (lit. 'Brigade of Bajrangbali') is an Indian militant Hindutva organisation that forms the youth wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). It is a member of the Sangh Parivar, led by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. It was founded on 1 October 1984 in Uttar Pradesh, and began spreading more in the 2010s throughout India, although its most significant base remains the northern and central portions of the country.

The group runs about 2,500 akharas, similar to the shakhas (branches) of the RSS. The name "Bajrang" is a reference to the Hindu deity Hanuman. The Bajrang Dal opposes Muslim demographic growth,Proselytism, cow slaughter, and alleged western influence in Indian culture.
Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "La noche es para mí", written by Irini Michas, Dimitri Stassos, Jason Gill, and Felipe Pedroso, and performed by Soraya. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), organised the national final Eurovisión 2009: El retorno in order to select its entry for the contest. The national final consisted of three semi-finals and a final and involved 30 artists and songs. Ten entries ultimately qualified to compete in the televised final where an in-studio jury and a public televote selected "La noche es para mí" performed by Soraya as the winner.

As a member of the "Big Four", Spain automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing as the closing entry during the show in position 25, Spain placed twenty-fourth out of the 25 participating countries with 23 points.

Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 with the song "Vuelve conmigo", written by José María Purón, and performed by Anabel Conde. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Televisión Española (TVE), internally selected its entry for the contest. The song, performed in position 9, placed second out of twenty-three competing entries with 119 points.
Serbia at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification
The Serbia team for 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification represented Serbia at the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification in Europe. The team was coached by Aleksandar Đorđević, with assistant coaches Miroslav Nikolić, Milan Minić, and Jovica Antonić. The team has qualified for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup in China.

2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Europe)
The 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification for the FIBA Europe region, began in August 2017 and concluded in February 2019. Contrary to previous years, no teams were automatically placed into the World Cup, so all FIBA Europe nations had to participate in qualification.
Autograph (2023 film)
Autograph – Ek Japun Thevavi Ashi Lovestory (transl. Autograph – A love story to be preserved), also known as Autograph, is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language romantic drama film directed by Satish Rajwade and produced by Sanjay Chhabria and Ashwin Anchan under the banners of Everest Entertainment and STV Networks. The film is a remake of the Tamil film Autograph (2004), it stars Ankush Chaudhari, Amruta Khanvilkar, Urmila Kothare, and Manasi Moghe in the lead roles. The story of the film is a unique perspective on relationships, heartbreaks, and the memories that are worth treasuring throughout life.

The film released directly on television for the Star Pravah channel on 14 May 2023, prior to its theatrical or OTT release.

Autograph (2004 film)
Autograph is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written, produced and directed by Cheran. The film's soundtrack is composed by Bharadwaj. Cheran also plays the lead role in his film for the first time, and other cast members include Gopika, Sneha, Mallika and Kaniha.

This is both Gopika's and Mallika's debut film in Tamil cinema. The film was released in India on 19 February 2004, and was screened at the Lyon Asian Film Festival in France and at the Montreal World Film Festival in Canada. Upon release, the film met with critical acclaim and commercial success. It was remade in Telugu as Naa Autograph, Kannada as My Autograph, and in Bengali as Amar Aponjon.
Hanshan Deqing
Hanshan Deqing (traditional Chinese: 憨山德清, Wade Giles: Han-Shan Te-Ch’ing, "Crazy Mountain, Virtuous Clarity", c. 1546–1623), was a leading Buddhist monk and poet of the late Ming dynasty China. He was also posthumously named Hongjue Chanshi (弘覺禪師). Hanshan was known for studying and teaching Pure Land, Huayan and Chan Buddhism. He is known as one of the four great masters of the Wanli Era Ming Dynasty, along with Yunqi Zhuhong (1535–1613) and Zibo Zhenke (1543–1603) both of whom he knew personally. He also wrote their biographies after their deaths.

Hanshan has remained an influential figure in Chinese Chan Buddhism down to the twentieth century. His works are widely printed and published in various editions. His teachings were most recently promoted by modern figures like Xuyun (1840?-1959) and his disciple Charles Luk (1898–1978).

Qingliang Chengguan
Qingliang Chengguan (Chinese: 澄觀; pinyin: Chéngguān; Korean: Jinggwan; Japanese: Chōgan, 738–839 or 737-838 CE), was an important scholar-monk and patriarch of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism also known as Huayan pusa (bodhisattva Avatamsaka) and Qingliang Guoshi (Imperial Preceptor "Clear and Cool", Clear and Cool is a name for Mount Wutai).

Chengguan is most widely known for his extensive commentaries and sub-commentaries to the Avataṃsaka Sūtra (Huayan jing), as well as for his translation of a new Gandhavyuha sutra version, together with the Indian monk Prajña. Chengguan's commentaries on the Avataṃsaka quickly became one of the authoritative sources for Huayan doctrine. Chengguan lived through the reigns of nine emperors and was an honored teacher to seven emperors starting with Xuanzong (玄宗) until Wenzong (文宗). Chengguan was also the teacher of the influential Huayan patriarch Zongmi.
Career and technical education
Career and technical education (CTE) is an educational approach to teaching technical skills that lead to careers for middle, high, and post secondary students. Compared to vocational education which is only taught in post secondary scenarios and is very specific to one career track, CTE can be broad in range from medical, business, sales, finance, IT, STEM, manufacturing, logistics, computer-based mathematics, political science, government, law, agriculture, construction, trades, craftsman,cosmetology, culinary, creative arts, music, to audiovisual technology. The Federal Government of the United States has invested $1.462 billion in 2023 and States have invested billions to renovate classrooms, spaces, and build dedicated buildings for the equipment, supplies, tools, software, and hardware to accommodate CTE.

Tradesperson
A tradesperson or tradesman/tradeswoman is a skilled worker that specialises in a particular craft or occupation. Tradespeople (tradesmen/women) usually gain their skills through work experience, on-the-job training, an apprenticeship program or formal education, or some mix of these methods.

As opposed to a master craftsman or an artisan, a tradesperson (tradesman/tradeswoman) is not necessarily restricted to manual work.
Dryaderces
Dryaderces is a small genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. Their known distribution is disjunct, with one species found in the upper Amazon Basin and lower Andean slopes between central Peru and Amazonian Bolivia, and another one in Pará, Brazil. Its sister taxon is Osteocephalus. No phenotypic synapomorphies defining the genus are known.

Slender-legged tree frogs
Osteocephalus is a genus of frogs, the slender-legged tree frogs, in the family Hylidae found in the Guianas, the Amazon Basin, Venezuela, Colombia, southeastern Brazil, and north-eastern Argentina. Males are warty, while females are smooth.
Tenuis alveolar click
A voiceless or more precisely tenuis (post)alveolar click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. 
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a tenuis alveolar click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨k͡ǃ⟩ or ⟨k͜ǃ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨kǃ⟩, ⟨ᵏǃ⟩ or simply ⟨ǃ⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨k͡ʗ⟩ or ⟨k͜ʗ⟩, abbreviated ⟨kʗ⟩, ⟨ᵏʗ⟩ or just ⟨ʗ⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨q͡ǃ, q͜ǃ, qǃ, 𐞥ǃ⟩ and ⟨q͡ʗ, q͜ʗ, qʗ, 𐞥ʗ⟩.
Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǃk⟩ or ⟨ǃᵏ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.

Tenuis consonant
In linguistics, a tenuis consonant (/ˈtɛn.juːɪs/ ⓘ or /ˈtɛnuːɪs/) is an obstruent that is voiceless, unaspirated and unglottalized.

In other words, it has the "plain" phonation of [p, t, ts, tʃ, k] with a voice onset time close to zero (a zero-VOT consonant), as Spanish p, t, ch, k or English p, t, k after s (spy, sty, sky).

For most languages, the distinction is relevant only for stops and affricates. However, a few languages have analogous series for fricatives. Mazahua, for example, has ejective, aspirated, and voiced fricatives /sʼ sʰ z/ alongside tenuis /s/, parallel to stops /ɗ tʼ tʰ d/ alongside tenuis /t/.

Many click languages have tenuis click consonants alongside voiced, aspirated, and glottalized series.
Zapod
Zapod is a village and a former municipality in Kukës County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kukës.  The population at the 2023 census was 1,434.

The administrative unit of Zapod contains the villages of Orgjost, Kosharisht, Pakisht, Zapod and Orçikël which are populated by Slavic Muslims, called Gorani, who speak Torlakian (Gora dialect), while the villages of Bele and Lojmë are inhabited by Albanians.

According to the 2011 census, the municipality had 2,217 residents, of whom 80% declared as ethnic Albanians and 11.7% declared as ethnic Macedonians. Per the 2023 census, the population of the two Gorani-inhabited administrative units of Zapod and Shishtavec stood at 3,671 in 9 Gorani and 5 Albanian villages.

Gora dialect
The Gorani or Goranski, also Našinski ("Our language") language, is a regiolectal variety of South Slavic spoken by the Gorani people in the border area between Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Albania. It is part of the Torlakian dialect group, which is transitional between Eastern and Western South Slavic languages.
Hedonal
Hedonal is an anesthetic agent first synthesised in 1899 and developed as a medicine in Russia in the 1920s. It is the carbamate derivative of 2-pentanol. It was found to be safer and more effective than agents such as chloroform and diethyl ether which were commonly used as anesthetics at the time, but fell into disuse following the introduction of the barbiturates.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Model-based specification
Model-based specification is an approach to formal specification where the system specification is expressed as a system state model. This state model is constructed using well-understood mathematical entities such as sets and functions. System operations are specified by defining how they affect the state of the system model.

The most widely used notations for developing model-based specifications are VDM and Z (pronounced Zed, not Zee). These notations are based on typed set theory. Systems are therefore modelled using sets and relations between sets.

Another well-known approach to formal specification is algebraic specification.

Vienna Development Method
The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of the longest-established formal methods for the development of computer-based systems. Originating in work done at the IBM Laboratory Vienna in the 1970s, it has grown to include a group of techniques and tools based on a formal specification language—the VDM Specification Language (VDM-SL). It has an extended form, VDM++, which supports the modeling of object-oriented and concurrent systems. Support for VDM includes commercial and academic tools for analyzing models, including support for testing and proving properties of models and generating program code from validated VDM models. There is a history of industrial usage of VDM and its tools and a growing body of research in the formalism has led to notable contributions to the engineering of critical systems, compilers, concurrent systems and in logic for computer science.
Moe Norman
Murray Irwin "Moe" Norman (July 10, 1929 – September 4, 2004) was a Canadian professional golfer whose accuracy and ability to hit shot after shot perfectly straight gave him the reputation as a golf swing "genius" with the nicknames, "Pipeline Moe" and golf's savant "Rain Man". During his career, Norman won 65 Canadian Golf Tour tournaments and set 33 course records.

Ken Venturi claimed Norman was one of golf's "premier ball-strikers", and Tiger Woods said Norman and Ben Hogan were the only two golfers in history to have "owned their swings".

Over 1995 to 2006, Norman was inducted into the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, and Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

Canadian PGA Championship
The PGA Championship of Canada is a golf tournament organized by the PGA of Canada, an organization founded in 1911 at the Royal Ottawa Golf Club. It was first played in 1912 as the Canadian PGA Championship. It was a Nationwide Tour event from 2001 to 2005. Prior to that it was an event on the Canadian Tour. Stan Leonard holds the record with eight victories.

Between 1978 and 1983, the tournament was sponsored by Labatt's and titled as the Labatt's International Golf Classic with a prize fund of C$100,000. It attracted many of the leading PGA Tour players of the day, with multiple major champions Arnold Palmer, Lee Trevino (twice), Raymond Floyd and Lanny Wadkins lifting the trophy during those six years.

In 2011, the PGA Championship of Canada was reintroduced as a match play championship for the top 64 competitors on the PGA of Canada Player Rankings. The P.D. Ross Trophy was given to the winner in 1912, and is still used as the Championship's award today.
Tiger Conway Jr.
Plasee Dennis Conway Jr. (May 18, 1953) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Tiger Conway Jr.. Notable in the Mid-Atlantic and  most notably teaming with his father Tiger Conway.

UWF Tag Team Championship
In professional wrestling, the UWF Tag Team Championship was a tag team championship contested in the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF) and its predecessor, Mid-South Wrestling. The title was established in 1979 as the Mid-South Tag Team Championship, renamed the UWF Tag Team Championship in 1986, and abandoned the following year when the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett Promotions.
Multivariate Laplace distribution
In the mathematical theory of probability, multivariate Laplace distributions are extensions of the Laplace distribution and the asymmetric Laplace distribution to multiple variables.  The marginal distributions of symmetric multivariate Laplace distribution variables are Laplace distributions.  The marginal distributions of asymmetric multivariate Laplace distribution variables are asymmetric Laplace distributions.

Asymmetric Laplace distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the asymmetric Laplace distribution (ALD) is a continuous probability distribution which is a generalization of the Laplace distribution. Just as the Laplace distribution consists of two  exponential distributions of equal scale back-to-back about x = m,  the asymmetric Laplace consists of two exponential distributions of unequal scale back to back about x = m, adjusted to assure continuity and normalization. The difference of two variates exponentially distributed with different means and rate parameters will be distributed according to the ALD. When the two rate parameters are equal, the difference will be distributed according to the Laplace distribution.
History of Belarus (1991–present)
The modern history of Belarus began with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The new Belarusian country struggled with many problems, including post-Soviet debt, nuclear arsenal, and inflation. These factors contributed to the current history of the Republic of Belarus, especially to the current leadership under Alexander Lukashenko, under whom the country's democracy backslided and later turning into a full authoritarian dictatorship.

Lists of political office-holders in Belarus
These are comprehensive chronological lists of political office-holders in Belarus since its first independence, in 1918, including its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the Presidents, were not formal Heads of State.