hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fish Bed Formation
The Fish Bed Formation is a geological formation in Scotland, United Kingdom. The fluvial to lacustrine sandstones, shales, siltstones and conglomerates preserve flora, arthropods, among which eurypterids, invertebrates and early fish fossils dating back to the Wenlock epoch of the Silurian period.

Wenlock Epoch
The Wenlock Epoch (sometimes referred to as the Wenlockian) or Mid-Early Silurian is the second epoch of the Silurian. It is preceded by the Llandovery Epoch and followed by the Ludlow Epoch. Radiometric dates constrain the Wenlockian between 432.9 and 426.7 million years ago.
Pear language
Pear is an endangered Austroasiatic language of Cambodia. "Pear" (French Péâr) is a pejorative term for the historical slave caste of the Khmer, but nonetheless is the usual term in the literature. Pear is spoken in 3–4 villages of Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia according to Ethnologue.

Sidwell (2009), citing Baradat (ms), considers Pear of Kompong Thom to be the most divergent Pearic language.

Pearic languages
The Pearic languages (alternatively called the Chongic languages) are a group of endangered languages of the Eastern Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, spoken by Pear people (the Por, the Samré, the Samray, the Suoy, and the Chong) living in western Cambodia and eastern Thailand.

Pearic languages are remnants of the aboriginal languages of much of Cambodia, but have dwindled in numbers due to  assimilation. "Pear" is a pejorative term meaning 'slave' or 'caste'.
2010 Jelajah Malaysia
The 2010 Jelajah Malaysia, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It was held from 27 April to 1 May 2010. There were five stages with a total of 822.1 kilometres. In fact, the race was sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale as a 2.2 category race and was part of the 2009–10 UCI Asia Tour calendar.

David McCann of Ireland won the race, followed by Takumi Beppu of Japan second and Amir Rusli of Malaysia third overall. Malcolm Lange of South Africa won the points classification and Matnur of Indonesia won the mountains classification. LeTua Cycling Team won the team classification.

Jelajah Malaysia
The Jelajah Malaysia was an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Malaysia since 1963. The race was part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race. The race consisted of only a men's competition over seven stages.
Giorgi Papunashvili
Giorgi Papunashvili (Georgian: გიორგი პაპუნაშვილი, romanized: giorgi p'ap'unashvili, pronounced [ɡioɾɡi pʼapʼunaʃʷili]; born 2 September 1995), commonly known as Papu, is a Georgian professional footballer who plays for Azerbaijani club Zira as a winger.

Ha has played for the Georgian national senior and youth teams.

2014–15 Georgian Cup
The 2014–15 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) was the seventy-second season overall and the twenty-fifth since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 19 August 2014 and finished on 26 May 2014. The defending champions are Dinamo Tbilisi, after winning their eleventh Georgian Cup last season. The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.
Macchargawan
Machhargawan is a panchayat in Bairia block in West Champaran district in Bihar, India. The pin code of Machhargawan is 845452. The area of Machhargawan lies in the district of Bettiah and has a Branch Post Office. Machhargawan officially lies in the postal division of West Champaran, postal region of Muzaffarpur and postal circle of Bihar.

The 4 main villages in Machhargawan panchayat are:

Dhonrhwalia

Matkota

Belbanawa

Macharagawan

Navgawan

Machhargawan Bazaar is the main shopping center for the adjoining villages of the Jogapatti block.

West Champaran district
West Champaran district is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India, located just 60 km (37 mi) west of Birgunj. It is the largest district in Bihar with an area of 5,228 km2(2,019sq mi). It is a part of Tirhut Division. The district headquarters are located in Bettiah. The district is known for its open border with Nepal.
One of the major location in West Champaran is Kumar Bagh for SAIL Special Processing Unit and Bhitiharwa where Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Aandolan.

The district produces the most sugarcane across the state of Bihar in 2022.
Stunt performer
A stunt performer, often called a stuntman or stuntwoman and occasionally stuntperson or stunt-person, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.

Rapier
A rapier (/ˈreɪpiər/) is a type of sword originally used in Spain (known as espada ropera, 'dress sword') and Italy (known as spada da lato a striscia).  The name designates a sword with a straight, slender and sharply pointed two-edged long blade wielded in one hand. Known for its elegant design and intricate hilt, it was widely popular in Western Europe throughout the 16th and 17th centuries as a symbol of nobility or gentleman status.

As fencing spread throughout Western Europe, important sources for rapier fencing arose in Spain, known under the term destreza ("dexterity"), in Italy and France. The French small sword or court sword of the 18th century was a direct continuation of this tradition of fencing.

Rapier fencing forms part of Historical European Martial Arts. The rapier has also been widely used in theatrical productions and films. The Society of American Fight Directors recognizes rapier and dagger as one of the eight main weapon disciplines of stage combat.
Integrated Cycling Federation of the Philippines
The Integrated Cycling Federation of the Philippines (PhilCycling) is the national governing body for cycling as a sport in the Philippines. It is duly recognised by the Philippine Sports Commission and the Philippine Olympic Committee and the International Cycling Union (Union Cycliste Internationale a.k.a. UCI).

The Federation houses the four Olympic Cycling disciplines:

Road Cycling

Mountain Bike Racing
Cross Country Olympic (XCO)
Downhill Mountain Bike Racing (DHI)

Track Cycling

BMX Racing

Philippine Olympic Committee
The Philippine Olympic Committee Inc. (POC) is the National Olympic Committee of the Philippines.

The POC is a private, non-governmental organization composed of and serve as the mother organization of all National Sports Associations (NSAs) in the Philippines. It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as having the sole authority for representation of the Philippines in the Olympic Games, the Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games and other multi-event competitions.

The POC is financially independent and does not receive any subsidy from government, though its member NSAs receive some financial assistance from the Philippine Sports Commission. Instead, the POC supports its own activities with funds generated from sponsorships, licensing fees on the use of the Olympic marks, IOC subsidy and proceeds from special projects and donations.
Pelagic basslet
The pelagic basslet (Howella brodiei) is an oceanic basslet native to the Indo-Pacific, where it occurs at depths from 100 to 1,829 m (328 to 6,001 ft).  This species is an openwater fish, staying deeper (below 305 m (1,001 ft)) during the day and moving to shallower waters.  This species can reach  7.6 cm (3.0 in) in TL.

Oceanic basslets
The oceanic basslets are ray-finned fish that belong to the small family Howellidae within the  order Acropomatiformes. The family includes about 9 species. They are mostly deep-water species, some of which move to shallower waters at night. Various species are found in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, including the Coral Sea, and Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea.
Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała
Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Krzynowłoga Mała, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-west of Przasnysz and 104 km (64 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 184.4 square kilometres (71.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,535 (3,599 in 2013).

Przasnysz
Przasnysz ([ˈpʂasnɨʂ]) is a town in north-central Poland, located in the Masovian Voivodship, about 110 km (68 mi) north of Warsaw and about 115 km (71 mi) south of Olsztyn. It is the capital of Przasnysz County. It has 18,093 inhabitants (2004). It was one of the most important towns in Mazovia during the Middle Ages. Przasnysz was granted town privileges in 1427.
Veonet
Veonet is a European company operating 210 ophthalmology clinics, as of November 2022.

Veonet has its headquarters in Munich, Germany, and operates clinics in Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Spain. Veonet is owned by the private equity firm PAI Partners and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, after they agreed to buy it from private equity firm Nordic Capital in December 2021.

In November 2024, Sebastian James succeeded Markus Hamm as CEO of Veonet.

Veonet owns the Ober Scharrer Gruppe (OSG) in Germany, SpaMedica in the UK, VISTA in Switzerland, Eyescan in the Netherlands and Miranza in Spain.

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan
The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board (French: Régime de retraite des enseignantes et des enseignants de l'Ontario) is an independent organization responsible for administering defined-benefit pensions for school teachers of the Canadian province of Ontario. Ontario Teachers' also invests the plan's pension fund and it is one of the world's largest institutional investors, acting as a partner organization of the World Economic Forum. The plan is a multi-employer pension plan, jointly sponsored by the Government of Ontario and the Ontario Teachers' Federation.

As of December 31, 2024, the OTPP had over $266 billion in net assets, with a one-year total-fund net return of 9.4%, and a 7.4% 10-year total-fund net return. The OTPP employs a Quality Service Index to measure its performance. In 2024, 93% of members sampled expressed satisfaction with the OTPP's service.

OTPP is one of Canada's top eight pension funds, nicknamed the "Maple 8" or "Maple Revolutionaries".
Düzce, Kulp
Düzce (Armenian: Մելիքան, romanized: Melikan, Kurdish: Mîlikan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kulp, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 156 in 2022.

Kulp, Turkey
Kulp (Kurdish: Pasûr, Ottoman Turkish: قولب, romanized: Qulb, central district: Ottoman Turkish: پاصور, romanized: Pasur, Armenian: Խուլփ, romanized: Khulp) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,493 km2, and its population is 34,357 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Castagneto Po
Castagneto Po is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Turin.

Castagneto Po borders the following municipalities: Chivasso, San Sebastiano da Po, San Raffaele Cimena, Casalborgone, and Rivalba.

Main sights include Castagneto Po Castle.

San Sebastiano da Po
San Sebastiano da Po is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Turin.

Main sights include San Sebastiano da Po Castle.
Zimrin
Zimrin (Arabic: زمرين, transliteration: Zimrīn, also spelled Zamrin) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the as-Sanamayn District in the Daraa Governorate. Nearby localities include Qayta and as-Sanamayn to the east, Samlin and Inkhil to the southeast, Jasim to the south, Nimer to the southwest, al-Harra to the west, Aqraba to the northwest and Kafr Shams to the northeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zimrin had a population of 2,048 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Inkhil
Inkhil (Arabic: إنخل, romanized: Ankhil) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the as-Sanamayn District in the Daraa Governorate. It is located north of Daraa and just east of the Golan Heights in the Hauran plain. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Inkhil had a population of 31,258 in the 2004 census. The city's inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Women's heptathlon
The women's heptathlon event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 3 and 4 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia. It was the first time this event was held at the Commonwealth Games, replacing the pentathlon.

Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
At the 1982 Commonwealth Games, the athletics events took place at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia from 3–9 October 1982. A total of 39 events were contested, 23 for men and 16 for women athletes.
Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election
The following is a timeline of major events leading up to and immediately following the United States presidential election of 2008. The election was the 56th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was held on November 4, 2008, but its significant events and background date back to about 2002. The Democratic Party nominee, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, defeated the Republican Party's nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona.

2008 United States presidential debates
The 2008 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2008 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized four debates among the major party candidates, sponsored three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Republican nominee John McCain and Democratic nominee Barack Obama met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden.

Both McCain and Obama did not agree to additional debates; however, each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency, held on August 16, 2008, and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11, 2008. Both Palin and Biden also did not participate in any additional debates.
Scarborough Shoal standoff
The Scarborough Shoal standoff is a dispute between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China over the Scarborough Shoal. Tensions began on April 8, 2012, after the attempted apprehension by the Philippine Navy of eight mainland Chinese fishing vessels near the shoal, which resulted in the actual control of the atoll under China.

China Coast Guard
The China Coast Guard (CCG; 中国海警局) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) of China. The emergency number of the Coast Guard is 95110, which began operation in 2019.

Between 2013 and 2023, the CCG confiscated a total of 9.875 tonnes of drugs, 21 billion RMB worth of smuggled goods and 12 million tonnes of stolen sand, along with responding to over 53,000 emergency calls  and handling 24,000 cases.
Mindfulness and technology
Mindfulness and technology is a movement in research and design, that encourages the user to become aware of the present moment, rather than losing oneself in a technological device. This field encompasses multidisciplinary participation between design, psychology, computer science, and religion. Mindfulness stems from Buddhist meditation practices and refers to the awareness that arises through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and in a non-judgmental mindset. In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, research is being done on Techno-spirituality — the study of how technology can facilitate feelings of awe, wonder, transcendence, and mindfulness  and on Slow design, which facilitates self-reflection. The excessive use of personal devices, such as smartphones and laptops, can lead to the deterioration of mental and physical health. This area focuses on redesigning and creating technology to improve the wellbeing of its users.

Headspace (company)
Headspace is a digital mental health company that provides guided meditation, mindfulness, and online therapy services through its mobile app and website. Founded in May 2010 by Andy Puddicombe and Richard Pierson, the company is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Vermilion Cliffs National Monument
Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is located in northern Coconino County, Arizona, United States, immediately south of the Utah state line. This national monument, 293,689 acres (118,852 ha) in area, protects the Paria Plateau, Vermilion Cliffs, Coyote Buttes, and Paria Canyon. Elevations in the monument range from 3,100 feet to 6,500 feet above sea level (944 to 1,981 meters).

Paria River
The Paria River /pəˈriːə/ is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 95 miles (153 km) long, in southern Utah and northern Arizona in the United States. It drains a rugged and arid region northwest of the Colorado, flowing through roadless slot canyons along part of its course.
Gibberula watkinsae
Gibberula watkinsae is a small species sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cystiscidae, within the genus Gibberula. It was first described in 2015 by the malacologist José Ortea. The species is notable for its very small, glossy shell, which measures about 2.2 mm in length and has a smooth surface typical of many micromollusks in this genus.

Gibberula
Gibberula is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae, previously placed in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids.

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)

Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling Gibberula. These include Granula Jousseaume, 1875 and Kogomea Habe, 1951. They are distinguished from Gibberula only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.
1983 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1983 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Sicilian Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and took place from 12 September until 18 September 1983. Second-seeded Jimmy Arias won the singles title.

Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia or International Championships of Sicily, also known as the Palermo Open, was a combined men's and women's clay court tennis tournament founded in 1935 and played annually at the Circolo Tennis Palermo in Palermo in Italy. In 1971 the women's event was discontinued leaving just the men's event that ran until 2006.
Munich Leuchtenbergring station
Munich Leuchtenbergring is a railway station on the Munich–Salzburg line in the Bogenhausen quarter of Munich, Germany. It is an elevated station above the Leuchtenbergring, part of Munich's Mittlerer Ring road system. The station serves both the Eastern part of Bogenhausen (north of the railway tracks) and the western part of Berg am Laim (south of the tracks). It is served by S-Bahn lines S1, S2, S4, S6 and S8.

The station is served by bus line 59. The tram station Ampfingstraße on line 21 is nearby.

Bogenhausen
Bogenhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈboːɡn̩haʊzn̩] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Bognhausn) is the 13th borough of Munich, Germany. It is the geographically the third largest borough of Munich and comprises the city's north-eastern quarter, reaching from the Isar on the eastern side of the Englischer Garten to the city limits, bordering on Unterföhring to the north, Aschheim to the east and the Haidhausen borough to the south. In 1805 the Treaty of Bogenhausen was signed which allied Bavaria to Napoleonic France.
Yuri Avvakumov
Yuri Avvakumov (Russian: Ю́рий И́горевич Авваку́мов, born 22 July 1957, Tiraspol) is a Russian architect, artist, and curator. He became a member of the Union of Architects of Russia in 1985, a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Arts in 2012, and a Full Member in 2017. Avvakumov has represented Russia at the Venice Biennale three times.

Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Arts
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Arts are artists, architects, designers and art critics.
Members of the Russian Academy of Arts include full members, corresponding members, honorary members, and foreign members. 
The Academy Assembly has the right to elect them. Membership is lifelong.
There are 311 art workers, including 107 women.
Bony-eared assfish
The bony-eared assfish (Acanthonus armatus) is a bathypelagic species of cusk-eel found in tropical and sub-tropical oceans at depths of from 1,171 to 4,415 metres (3,842 to 14,485 ft). It has been found as far north as Queen Charlotte Sound off British Columbia's coast. This species grows to a length of 37.5 centimetres (14.8 in) standard length. The larvae are similar in overall form to the related gargoyle cusk, but have elongated 3rd, 4th, and 5th pectoral-fin rays.

The bony-eared assfish has been distinguished, by some sources, as having the smallest brain-to-body weight ratio of any vertebrate. Whether or not this is true, it is closely contested by some species of lamprey and the ocean sunfish.

Like many other creatures that dwell in the depths of the sea, assfish are soft and flabby with a light skeleton. This is likely to have resulted from a lack of food and the high pressures which accompany living at such a depth, making it difficult to generate muscle and bone.

Cusk-eel
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses, and others.

The oldest fossil cusk-eel is Ampheristus, a highly successful genus with numerous species that existed from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the early Oligocene.
IPDC-UNESCO Prize for Rural Communication
The IPDC-UNESCO Prize for Rural Communication is awarded by the UNESCO-sponsored International Programme for the Development of Communication. Its aim is to recognize initiatives for improving communication in rural communities, mainly in developing countries.

The prize was established in 1985 by the executive board of UNESCO and consists of a sum of US$20,000. It is awarded to no more than two winners every two years.

International Programme for the Development of Communication
The International Programme for the Development of Communication is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) programme aimed at strengthening the development of mass media in developing countries.
Lissachatina albopicta
Lissachatina albopicta, common name the African land snail, is a species of large air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae.

This species is native to Kenya.

Achatinidae
Achatinidae (New Latin, from Greek "agate") is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa.

Well known species include Achatina achatina the Giant African Snail, and Lissachatina fulica the Giant East African Snail.

As of 2022, there were 105 genera recognized within the family Achatinidae.