hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Detroit Lions season
The 2012 season was the Detroit Lions' 83rd in the National Football League (NFL), their 79th as the Detroit Lions and their fourth under head coach Jim Schwartz. The Lions failed to improve from their 10–6 record in 2011, and spent most of the season at the bottom of their division. They finished the season with an eight-game losing streak, their worst since the winless 2008 season. It was also the franchise's 21st consecutive season without a playoff win.

The Lions set an NFL record with 740 pass attempts during the season (46.25 attempts per game), breaking a record that had stood for thirty years.

This was the final season for longtime Lions placekicker Jason Hanson, who in his 21st season with the team (and in the league) and at age 42 was the NFL's oldest active player. Hanson retired on April 4, 2013.

Wide receiver Calvin Johnson broke Jerry Rice’s league record for most receiving yards in a single season, with 1,964 yards in 122 catches.

Jason Hanson
Jason Douglas Hanson (born June 17, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker who spent his entire 21-year career with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football with the Washington State Cougars, he was selected by the Lions in the second round  of the 1992 NFL draft with the 56th overall pick. Hanson holds the NFL record for the most seasons played with one team and also holds multiple kicking and scoring records. Due to his longevity and statistical success, even on many non-playoff teams, Hanson is often cited as one of the most-loved players in Detroit Lions franchise history.
Rank of a group
In the mathematical subject of group theory, the rank of a group G, denoted rank(G), can refer to the smallest cardinality of a generating set for G, that is

If G is a finitely generated group, then the rank of G is a non-negative integer. The notion of rank of a group is a group-theoretic analog of the notion of dimension of a vector space. Indeed, for p-groups, the rank of the group P is the dimension of the vector space P/Φ(P), where Φ(P) is the Frattini subgroup.

The rank of a group is also often defined in such a way as to ensure subgroups have rank less than or equal to the whole group, which is automatically the case for dimensions of vector spaces, but not for groups such as affine groups.  To distinguish these different definitions, one sometimes calls this rank the subgroup rank.  Explicitly, the subgroup rank of a group G is the maximum of the ranks of its subgroups:

Sometimes the subgroup rank is restricted to abelian subgroups.

Affine group
In mathematics, the affine group or general affine group of any affine space is the group of all invertible affine transformations from the space into itself.  In the case of a Euclidean space (where the associated field of scalars is the real numbers), the affine group consists of those functions from the space to itself such that the image of every line is a line.

Over any field, the affine group may be viewed as a matrix group in a natural way.  If the associated field of scalars is the real or complex field, then the affine group is a Lie group.
C3A1 mine
The C3A1 and C3A2 (collectively known as the Elsie) are Canadian minimum metal anti-personnel mines. The difference between them is very minor and hard to distinguish visually. Elsie mines were first deployed by Canada in 1962, by the United States in 1965 and by Japan in 1967.

Anti-personnel mine
An anti-personnel mine or anti-personnel landmine (APL) is a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to an anti-tank mine, which target vehicles. APLs are classified into: blast mines and fragmentation mines; the latter may or may not be a bounding mine.

APLs are often designed to injure and maim, not kill, their victims to overwhelm the logistical (mostly medical) support system of enemy forces that encounter them. Some types of APLs can also damage the tracks on armoured vehicles or the tires of wheeled vehicles.

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines has sought to ban mines and destroy stockpile. For this purpose, it introduced in 1997 the Ottawa Treaty, which has not yet been accepted by over 30 states and has not guaranteed the protection of citizens against APLs planted by non-state armed groups.
Reinhard Skricek
Reinhard Skricek (born January 4, 1948) is a retired boxer from Germany, who represented West Germany (FRG) at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the bronze medal in the welterweight division (– 67 kg) after being defeated in the semifinals by eventual silver medalist Pedro Gamarro of Venezuela.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Clothes in Poland
Clothes in Poland 1200-1795 (Ubiory w Polsce) is an album by Jan Matejko, first published in 1860. The album contains ten boards made in lithography technique, on which the author presented the appearance of Polish costumes across centuries and different social classes. Clothes in Poland have significant historical value and are one of the major publications on the history of Polish clothing.

Veit Stoss
Veit Stoss (German: [faɪt ˈʃtoːs], also spelled Stoß and Stuoss; Polish: Wit Stwosz; Latin: Vitus Stoss; before 1450 – about 20 September 1533) was a leading German sculptor, mostly working with wood, whose career covered the transition between the late Gothic and the Northern Renaissance. His style emphasized pathos and emotion, helped by his virtuoso carving of billowing drapery; it has been called "late Gothic Baroque".  He had a large workshop, and in addition to his own works there are a number by pupils. He is best known for the altarpiece in St. Mary's Basilica in Kraków, Poland.
Amano Takashige
Amano Takashige (天野 隆重, 1503–1584) was a Japanese samurai and commander of the Sengoku period who served the Mōri clan. He was the keeper of Gassantoda castle which was the most important castle of the Mōri clan in the San'in region.

Gassantoda Castle
Gassantoda Castle (月山富田城, Gassantoda-jō) was a Sengoku period yamajiro-style Japanese castle located in Izumo Province, in what is now part of the city of Yasugi, Shimane Prefecture in the San'in region of far western Japan. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1934.  Gassantoda Castle was built using the whole of Gassan's ridges and valleys, and is regarded as one of the five largest and most important medieval mountain castles along with Kasugayama Castle (Niigata), Nanao Castle (Ishikawa), Odani Castle and Kannonji Castle (Shiga).
A. Graeme Auld
Alan Graeme Auld (born 14 August 1941) is a British Old Testament scholar. He is Professor of Hebrew Bible at the University of Edinburgh.

Auld was born in Aberdeen and studied at Robert Gordon's College, the University of Aberdeen, and the University of Edinburgh.  He was awarded a PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1976 for his thesis on 'Studies in Joshua: Text and Literary Relations'.  Auld has written commentaries on Joshua, Judges and Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings. He served as president of the Society for Old Testament Study in 2005.

In 2007, a Festschrift was published in his honour. Reflection and Refraction: Studies in Biblical Historiography in Honour of A. Graeme Auld included contributions from John Barton, Ronald E. Clements, David J. A. Clines, Gary N. Knoppers, Emanuel Tov, John Van Seters, and Hugh G. M. Williamson.

Gary N. Knoppers
Gerald "Gary" Neil Knoppers (November 14, 1956 – December 22, 2018) was a professor in the Department of Theology at University of Notre Dame. He wrote books and articles regarding a range of Old Testament and ancient Near Eastern topics.  He is particularly renowned for his work on 1 Chronicles, writing I Chronicles 1 – 9 (Anchor Bible Volume 12) and I Chronicles 10 – 29 (Anchor Bible Volume 12A), which together comprise a significant treatment of the work of the Chronicler. In  May 2005 the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies granted the R. B. Y. Scott Award to Knoppers for his two-volume Anchor Bible commentary on I Chronicles.
Leyla Zana
Leyla Zana (born 3 May 1961) is a Kurdish politician in Turkey. She was imprisoned for ten years for her political activism, which was deemed by the Turkish courts to be against the unity of the country. She was awarded the 1995 Sakharov Prize by the European Parliament but was unable to collect it until her release in 2004. She was also awarded the Rafto Prize in 1994 after being recognized by the Rafto Foundation for being incarcerated for her peaceful struggle for the human rights of the Kurdish people in Turkey and the neighbouring countries.

Court of Cassation (Turkey)
The Court of Cassation, officially called the Supreme Court of Appeals of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yargıtay Başkanlığı – Yargıtay for short), is the last instance for reviewing verdicts given by courts of criminal and civil justice in Turkey.
Masonic Hall (Whitewood, Saskatchewan)
The Masonic Hall building is located at  503 Third Avenue in Whitewood, Saskatchewan, Canada.   The building is a designated Heritage Property.  Originally built to house the Methodist Church in served as church until 1910.  Masonic Lodge purchased the building in 1920 and it served as the home for the lar Masonic Lodge #8 until 1987 when the lodge merged with a lodge in Moosomin, Saskatchewan.  The building is now used as local hall in the community.

Whitewood, Saskatchewan
Whitewood is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) east of Regina on  Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway. It is situated at the crossroads of two major highways systems — the Trans-Canada, which runs east and west, and Highway 9, which runs north and south from the US border to Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan. It is located midway between Brandon, Manitoba and Regina.

It is administrative headquarters of the First Nations band governments of the Ochapowace and the Chachacas Cree.
Egmont Islands
Egmont Islands (also known as Egmont Atoll, or Six Iles) is an uninhabited atoll that is one of the few emerged coral atolls that make up the Chagos Archipelago.

This small atoll lies less than 10km south of the southwestern rim of the Great Chagos Bank submerged coral reef. Its total size is  29km², including the lagoon and the fringing coral reef. The land area totals about 4km². The nearest island is Danger Island on the Great Chagos Bank, less than 30km due north.

There are two passages into the lagoon along the Northern Rim, Fausse Passe in the northeast and a wider passage in the northwest. The Egmont Islands are one of the favorite anchoring spots for itinerant yachtsmen passing through the Chagos.

Great Chagos Bank
6°10′S 72°00′E﻿ / ﻿6.167°S 72.000°E﻿ / -6.167; 72.000

The Great Chagos Bank, in the Chagos Archipelago, about 500 km (310 mi) south of Maldives, is the largest atoll structure in the world, with a total area of 12,642 km2 (4,881 sq mi).
Omar Narváez (boxer)
Omar Andrés Narváez (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈmaɾ naɾˈβaes]; born 7 October 1975) is an Argentine professional boxer. He is a two-weight world champion, having held the WBO flyweight title from 2002 to 2010, and the WBO junior bantamweight title from 2010 to 2014. Together with Julio César Chávez, Narváez holds the world record for the most successful defenses of world titles, at 27. He is the longest reigning flyweight champion in history.

As an amateur, Narváez represented Argentina at the 2000 Olympics, reaching the round of 16 of the super flyweight bracket.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Lanuvio
Lanuvio is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Rome, on the Alban Hills.

Lanuvio borders the following municipalities: Aprilia, Ariccia, Genzano di Roma, Velletri.

Ariccia
Ariccia (Latin: Aricia) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Central Italy, 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Rome. It is in the Alban Hills of the Lazio (Latium) region and could be considered an extension of Rome's southeastern suburbs. One of the Castelli Romani towns, Ariccia is located in the regional park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani".
St Peter's Church, Welford-on-Avon
St Peter's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Welford-on-Avon, in Warwickshire, England. It is in the benefice of Quinton, Welford, Weston and Marston Sicca, and is in the Diocese of Gloucester; the church, near the border with Gloucestershire, was until 1931 in that county.  The building, of which the earliest parts date from the 12th century, is Grade I listed.

Diocese of Gloucester
51°52′01″N 2°14′49″W﻿ / ﻿51.867°N 2.247°W﻿ / 51.867; -2.247

The Diocese of Gloucester is a Church of England diocese based in Gloucester, covering the non-metropolitan county of Gloucestershire. The cathedral is Gloucester Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Gloucester.  It is part of the Province of Canterbury.
Turag Commuter
Turag Commuter, formerly Turag Express, is a local train in Bangladesh operated by Bangladesh Railway. It runs from Kamalapur in Dhaka to Joydebpur in Gazipur. Earlier this train used to run from Joydebpur station to Narayanganj in Narayanganj. The specialty of this train is that it has a reserved coach for women.

In 2012, authorities decided to add two more trains to the route.

The train was the most popular among passengers in 2014, as it takes less time to reach Dhaka from Gazipur than the N3 highway.

It was earlier an express train. It was converted into a commuter train on 21 October 2023 as decided by the authorities.

N3 (Bangladesh)
The N3 or Dhaka–Mymensingh Highway is a national highway in Bangladesh. It connects the Bangladeshi capital city of Dhaka with the city of Mymensingh in the north, on the bank of the Brahmaputra River.

The N3 is part of Asian Highway 41 (AH41), a route of the Asian Highway Network.
Vasco House, Kochi
Vasco House is one of the oldest surviving Portuguese residences in Fort Kochi, located in the city of Kochi, in the Indian state of Kerala. It is believed by some sources to have once been the residence of the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama. The building is considered a representative example of early European domestic architecture in the region and reflects the historical interactions between European powers and the Malabar Coast during the Age of Discovery.

Church of Saint Francis, Kochi
Saint Francis Church, in Fort Kochi, Kochi, originally built in 1503, is one of the oldest European churches in India and has historical significance as a witness to the European colonial ambitions in the subcontinent. The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama died in Kochi in 1524 when he was on his third visit to India. His body was originally buried in this church, but after fourteen years his remains were relocated to Lisbon and is now interred at Jerónimos Monastery.
Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Santo Domingo, officially the Municipality of Santo Domingo (Ilocano: Ili ti Santo Domingo; Pangasinan: Baley na Santo Domingo;Tagalog: Bayan ng Santo Domingo), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 63,750 people.

Saint Dominic
Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish: [ɡuθˈman]), was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order. He is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists, and he and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary.
Southfield City Centre
Southfield City Centre is a mixed-use area consisting of a major business center, private university, and residential neighborhoods, located near the intersection of  Interstate 696 (I-696, Walter P. Reuther Freeway) and the M-10 (Lodge Freeway) in Southfield, Michigan. The area spans 1.766 square miles (1,130.609 acres) and includes historical landmarks, a university campus, the Donald F. Fracassi Municipal Campus, nine-hole Evergreen Golf Course and 7.75 miles of shared-use urban trails designed to promote heart-healthy activity, encourage community interaction, creative collision and social networking.

Lawrence Technological University
Lawrence Technological University (Lawrence Tech, LTU) is a private university in Southfield, Michigan. It was founded in 1932 in Highland Park, Michigan, as the Lawrence Institute of Technology (LIT) by Russell E. Lawrence. The university moved to Southfield in 1955 and has since expanded to 107 acres (43 ha). The campus also includes the Frank Lloyd Wright designed Affleck House in Bloomfield Hills. The university offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs through its five colleges.
Joel Riddez
Joel Michel Riddez (born 21 May 1980) is a Swedish football coach and former professional player. He was in charge of Swedish Damallsvenskan club Djurgårdens IF between 2017 and 2019. Riddez previously played for Swedish sides Djurgården, Assyriska, and Örebro, as well as Norwegian side Strømsgodset IF. He was capped for the Sweden U17 and U19 teams between 1995 and 1999.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
2002 Mar del Plata Sevens
The 2002 Mar del Plata Sevens was a rugby sevens tournament held at the Estadio José María Minella in Mar del Plata. The tournament took place from 11 to 12 January 2002 and was the sixth edition of the Mar del Plata Sevens and was also the third leg of the 2001–02 World Sevens Series.

Sixteen teams was separated into four groups of four with the top two teams qualifying through to the cup final while the bottom two competed in the bowl. After losing to South Africa in the pool stage and finishing second on their pool, Fiji went on to be champions title after getting their revenge and defeating South Africa 24–7 in the cup final. In the plate final, Australia defeated England 15–12. In the bowl final France defeated Canada 29–7. In the shield final Paraguay defeated Chile 21–14.

South Africa national rugby sevens team
The South African national rugby sevens team, commonly known as the Springbok Sevens, competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Summer Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games. Overall, the team has won the World Rugby Sevens Series 4 times, as well as having won 40 tournaments in the series.
Don Diego Poeder
Don Diego Rivelino Alfredo Poeder (born 3 April 1972) is a former Dutch professional boxer. After his pro debut in 1994, Poeder was undefeated for 21 consecutive boxing matches. He gained the WBU cruiserweight title with a knock out over American Terry Ray in 1997, defending it once against Courtney Butler before falling to former world champion Robert Daniels in a bid for the IBO title.

Danny Williams (boxer)
Daniel Peter Williams (born 13 July 1973) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1995 to 2023. He challenged once for the WBC and the Ring magazine heavyweight titles in 2004. At regional level, he held the Commonwealth heavyweight title twice between 1999 and 2006, the British heavyweight title twice between 2000 and 2010, and challenged once for the European heavyweight title in 2003. As an amateur, he won bronze medals at the 1993 European Championships and 1994 Commonwealth Games. Williams is best known for scoring an upset knockout victory against Mike Tyson in 2004.
Brachypterygius
Brachypterygius (meaning ″short wing/paddle″ in Greek) is an extinct genus of platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur known from the Late Jurassic of England. The type species was originally described and named as Ichthyosaurus extremus by Boulenger in 1904. Brachypterygius was named by Huene in 1922 for the width and shortness of the forepaddle, and the type species is therefore Brachypterygius extremus. The holotype of B. extremus was originally thought to be from the Lias Group of Bath, United Kingdom, but other specimens suggest it more likely came from the Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic) of Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK.

Ichthyosaurus
Ichthyosaurus (derived from Greek ἰχθύς (ichthys) meaning 'fish' and σαῦρος (sauros) meaning 'lizard') is a genus of ichthyosaurs from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Pliensbachian) of Europe (Belgium, England, Germany and Portugal). Some specimens of the ichthyosaurid Protoichthyosaurus from England and Switzerland have been erroneously referred to this genus in the past. It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, as it is the type genus of the order Ichthyosauria.
Skip distance
A skip distance is the distance a radio wave travels, usually including a hop in the ionosphere.  A skip distance is a distance on the Earth's surface between the two points where radio waves from a transmitter, refracted downwards by different layers of the ionosphere, fall. It also represents how far a radio wave has travelled per hop on the Earth's surface, for radio waves such as the short wave (SW) radio signals that employ continuous reflections for transmission.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Louis Thiry
Louis Henry Nicolas Thiry (15 February 1935 – 27 June 2019) was a French concert organist, composer and pedagogue. He was professor of organ at the Regional Conservatoire in Rouen and played in concerts internationally. His many recordings include the complete organ works of Olivier Messiaen in 1972, which received several awards and led the composer to describe him as "an extraordinary organist". Thiry was blind.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.