hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preganziol
Preganziol is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Venice and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Treviso. As of 1-1-2017, it had a population of 16,908 and an area of 22.9 square kilometres (8.8 sq mi).

Preganziol borders the following municipalities: Casale sul Sile, Casier, Mogliano Veneto, Treviso, Zero Branco.

Casale sul Sile
Casale sul Sile is a comune with c. 13,000 inhabitants in the province of Treviso in the Veneto, north-eastern Italy. Its name (translated as 'farmhouse on the Sile') comes from Sile, the river that runs through it.

The town is known for its rugby team, Rugby Casale.
Acentetaphyllium
Acentetaphyllium is a genus of stick insect described in 2022, belonging to the Phylliidae (leaf insects), and native to New Guinea. The species in this genus were previously classified in the genus Nanophyllium until 2022.

Frank H. Hennemann
Frank H. Hennemann (born 1 July 1978 in Ludwigshafen) is a German entomologist and taxonomist who works in the field of biodiversity research on the systematics and biogeography of stick insects (Phasmatodea).
Self-propelled particles
Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent random walk. Natural systems which have inspired the study and design of these particles include walking, swimming or flying animals. Other biological systems include bacteria, cells, algae and other micro-organisms. Generally, self-propelled particles often refer to artificial systems such as robots or specifically designed particles such as swimming Janus colloids, bimetallic nanorods, nanomotors and walking grains. In the case of directed propulsion, which is driven by a chemical gradient, this is referred to as chemotaxis, observed in biological systems, e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. enzyme molecule chemotaxis and enzyme powered hard and soft particles.

Molecular motor
Molecular motors are natural (biological) or artificial molecular machines that are the essential agents of movement in living organisms. In general terms, a motor is a device that consumes energy in one form and converts it into motion or mechanical work; for example, many protein-based molecular motors harness the chemical free energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP in order to perform mechanical work. In terms of energetic efficiency, this type of motor can be superior to currently available man-made motors. One important difference between molecular motors and macroscopic motors is that molecular motors operate in the thermal bath, an environment in which the fluctuations due to thermal noise are significant.
Petriano
Petriano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Ancona and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Pesaro. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,659 and an area of 11.3 square kilometres (4.4 mi2).

Petriano borders the following municipalities: Colbordolo, Montefelcino, Urbino.

Montefelcino
Montefelcino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Ancona and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Pesaro.
2003 Tri Nations Series
The 2003 Tri Nations Series was contested from 12 July to 16 August between the national rugby union teams of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. New Zealand won the tournament for the fifth time.

New Zealand regained the Bledisloe Cup which Australia had held since 1998.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.
Tamsin Ford
Tamsin Jane Ford (born 17 September 1966) is a British psychiatrist specialising in children's mental health.  Since 2019 she has been based at the University of Cambridge where she is now Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Fellow of Hughes Hall. She has been heavily involved with the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme, created by Carolyn Webster-Stratton, which aims to raise and improve children's mental health in primary schools across Devon.  Her work also ties in with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), created by UK psychiatrist, Robert Goodman.

Robert Goodman (psychiatrist)
Robert Nicholas Goodman (15 November 1953 – 18 December 2025) was a British child psychiatrist who was Professor of Brain and Behavioural Medicine at the Institute of Psychiatry in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London. He specialised in hemiplegia and online psychiatric screening. Goodman was a member of the Royal College of Physicians, and was awarded a Fellowship of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in 1987.

Goodman was the primary inventor of the SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Development And Wellbeing Assessment or DAWBA.

He died on 18 December 2025, aged 72.
UR Group
UR Group was an Italian esotericist association, founded around 1927 by intellectuals including Julius Evola, Arturo Reghini and Giovanni Colazza for the study of Traditionalism and Magic. They published monthly series of issues in UR (1927–28) and KRUR (1929) journals, reprinted in the three volumes of the book Introduzione alla Magia quale Scienza dell'Io [Introduction to Magic as Science of the Self] in 1955 and 1971.

Giuliano Kremmerz
Giuliano M. Kremmerz (1861–1930), born Ciro Formisano, was an Italian alchemist working within the tradition of Hermeticism.

In 1896, Kremmerz founded the Confraternita Terapeutica e Magica di Myriam (Therapeutic and Magic Brotherhood of Myriam).
Russia men's national under-16 and under-17 basketball team
The Russia men's national under-16 and under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Russia, administered by the Russian Basketball Federation. It represented the country in men's international under-16 and under-17 basketball competitions.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIBA banned Russian teams and officials from participating in FIBA basketball competitions.

Russian Basketball Federation
Russian Basketball Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация Баскетбола, romanized: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya Basketbola), also known as RBF, is a national governing body of basketball in Russia. It was founded in 1991, and is the successor to the Soviet Basketball Federation. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIBA banned Russian teams and officials from participating in FIBA basketball and FIBA 3x3 Basketball competitions. 
In February 2022, Russia and Belarus were suspended from international competitions until further notice due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. It also banned Russia from hosting any competitions. In addition, FIBA Europe mandated that no official basketball competitions be held in Russia, while the teams of the Russian Basketball Federation were withdrawn from national team competitions and the club competition season 2022-23.
Interface (matter)
In the physical sciences, an interface is the boundary between two spatial regions occupied by different matter, or by matter in different physical states. The interface between matter and air, or matter and vacuum, is called a surface, and studied in surface science. In thermal equilibrium, the regions in contact are called phases, and the interface is called a phase boundary. An example for an interface out of equilibrium is the grain boundary in polycrystalline matter.

Disjoining pressure
In surface chemistry, disjoining pressure (symbol Πd) according to an IUPAC definition arises from an attractive interaction between two surfaces. For two flat and parallel surfaces, the value of the disjoining pressure (i.e., the force per unit area) can be calculated as the derivative of the Gibbs energy of interaction per unit area in respect to distance (in the direction normal to that of the interacting surfaces). There is also a related concept of disjoining force, which can be viewed as disjoining pressure times the surface area of the interacting surfaces.

The concept of disjoining pressure was introduced by Derjaguin (1936) as the difference between the pressure in a region of a phase adjacent to a surface confining it, and the pressure in the bulk of this phase.
Serge Pun
Serge Pun (Burmese: သိမ်းဝေ, Theim Wai; Chinese: 潘繼澤; pinyin: Pān Jìzé; born 1953 in Rangoon, Burma) is a Burmese businessman of Sino-Burmese descent. He is the founder of Serge Pun & Associates (SPA) in Myanmar and Hong Kong, First Myanmar Investment (FMI), and FMI Air. He previously served as the chairman of Serge Pun & Associates Group (SPA Group), a multinational real estate firm, and Yoma Bank, a Burma-based bank.

Chinese people in Myanmar
Burmese Chinese, also Sino-Burmese or Tayoke (Burmese: တရုတ်), are Burmese citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity. They are a group of overseas Chinese born or raised in Myanmar (Burma).

Burmese Chinese are a well established ethnic group and are well represented in all upper levels of Burmese society. They play a leading role in Burma's business sector and dominate the Burmese economy. They also have a strong presence in Burma's political scene with several having been major political figures, including San Yu, Khin Nyunt, and Ne Win.
1977 European 300 m Rifle Championships
The 1977 European 300 m Rifle Championships was the 2nd edition of the 300 m rifle competition, European 300 m Rifle Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation as a stand alone championships after 18 years from the first edition held in 1959.

European 300 m Rifle Championships
The European 300 m Rifle Championships are special shooting sport championships of 300 metre rifle discipline, organized discontinuously as a stand alone championships by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) since 1959.
Fielding Col
Fielding Col (68°52′S 66°59′W﻿ / ﻿68.867°S 66.983°W﻿ / -68.867; -66.983) is an east–west trending pass between the Baudin Peaks and Hag Pike in southern Graham Land, Antarctica. It provides the best known route leading inland to Morgan Upland between Neny Fjord and the Wordie Ice Shelf. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Harold M. Fielding, a British Antarctic Survey surveyor at Stonington Island, 1967–69.

Mikkelsen Bay
Mikkelsen Bay (68°43′S 67°10′W﻿ / ﻿68.717°S 67.167°W﻿ / -68.717; -67.167﻿ (Mikkelsen Bay)) is a bay, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) wide at its mouth and indenting 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi), entered between Bertrand Ice Piedmont and Cape Berteaux along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.
2012 Rugby League European Cup
The 2012 Rugby League European Cup, known as the Alitalia European Cup for sponsorship purposes, is a rugby league football tournament.

Four teams competed in the 2012 event, with teams to be decided in November 2011 following the Four Nations. These were announced as Ireland, Scotland, Italy and the England Knights.

In mid-2012, Italy had to withdraw from the competition due to travel commitments and were omitted from the league to leave 3 teams:- England Knights, Ireland and Scotland.

As they won both of their games the England Knights won the Rugby League European Cup and thus became European champions. This was the England Knights first European Championship. However England have won 14 times.

2011 Rugby League Four Nations
The 2011 Rugby League Four Nations tournament (also known as the 2011 Gillette Rugby League Four Nations due to sponsorship by Gillette), was the third staging of the Rugby League Four Nations tournament, and was played in England and Wales during October and November 2011. It was contested by regular contestants Australia, England and New Zealand, in addition to Wales, who had qualified for their first Four Nations by winning the 2010 European Cup. The tournament saw the return of international rugby league to London's Wembley Stadium for the first time since 1997, with a double-header played on 5 November 2011. Australia won the tournament, defeating England in the final at Elland Road, Leeds, on 19 November 2011. The match was the last of the 17-year professional career of Australia's captain Darren Lockyer.
Rhizopuspepsin
Rhizopuspepsin (EC 3.4.23.21, Rhizopus aspartic proteinase, neurase, Rhizopus acid protease, Rhizopus acid proteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity similar to that of pepsin A, preferring hydrophobic residues at P1 and P1'. Clots milk and activates trypsinogen.

From the zygomycete fungus Rhizopus chinensis. A similar endopeptidase is found in R. niveus [2]. In peptidase family A1 (pepsin A family).

Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen (/ˌtrɪpˈsɪnədʒən, -ˌdʒɛn/) is the precursor form (or zymogen) of trypsin, a digestive enzyme. It is produced by the pancreas and found in pancreatic juice, along with amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen. It is cleaved to its active form, trypsin, by enteropeptidase, which is found in the intestinal mucosa. Once activated, the trypsin can cleave more trypsinogen into trypsin, a process called autoactivation. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
Borane tert-butylamine
Borane tert-butylamine is an amine borane complex derived from tert-butylamine and borane. It is a colorless solid.

The compound is prepared by the reaction of tert-butylammonium chloride and sodium borohydride:

t-BuNH3Cl  +  NaBH4   →   t-BuNH2BH3  +  H2  +  NaCl

In organic synthesis, borane tert-butylamine can be used for selective reduction of certain functional groups including aldehydes, ketones, oximes, and imines.

In photographic processing, it is used in the E-4 process, as "chemical enlighting" step in the processing of the film.

Borane
Borane is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BH3. Because it tends to dimerize or form adducts, borane is very rarely observed.  It normally dimerizes to diborane in the absence of other chemicals. It can be observed directly as a continuously produced, transitory, product in a flow system or from the reaction of laser ablated atomic boron with hydrogen. Borane is the simplest group 13 hydride.
Zard
Zard (ザード, Zādo) (stylized as ZARD) were a Japanese pop rock group, originally with five members, with lead vocalist Izumi Sakai as its only constant member. Izumi Sakai was also the band's core member. Zard's work was sold under the record label B-Gram Records, Inc. Their most popular and successful songs are "Makenaide" (1993) (負けないで), "Yureru Omoi" (1993) (揺れる想い), and "My Friend" (1996). As of 2023, Zard has sold over 38 million records, making them one of the best-selling music artists in Japan.

Festival Hall, Osaka
Festival Hall (フェスティバルホール) is a concert hall located in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is run by the Asahi Building Co., Ltd., a Japanese real estate company controlling properties of the Asahi Shimbun Company, and is housed in the Festival Tower, a skyscraper. The opening ceremony for the new hall was held on April 3, 2013. The new hall has 2,700 seats, the same number of seats as the original hall.

The hall is home to the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra. The orchestra moved its home to Symphony Hall in Oyodo-minami, Kita-ku after the original Festival Hall was closed in 2008, then moved again to the new Festival Hall one year after its opening.
Vojščica
Vojščica (pronounced [ʋɔi̯ˈʃtʃiːtsa]; Italian: Voissizza) is a village southeast of Kostanjevica in the Municipality of Miren-Kostanjevica in the Littoral region of Slovenia close to the border with Italy.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Vitus and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

Kostanjevica na Krasu
Kostanjevica na Krasu (pronounced [kɔˈstaːnjɛʋitsa na ˈkɾaːsu]; Italian: Castagnevizza) is one of the main settlements and the administrative centre of the Municipality of Miren-Kostanjevica in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Karst Plateau, not far from Nova Gorica and the border with Italy.
2015 Diamond Challenge
The 2015 Diamond Challenge was the third Diamond Challenge netball series. It featured South Africa, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia. The series was played in June 2015 at Margate's Ugu Sports Centre. With a team coached by Norma Plummer and captained by Maryka Holtzhausen, South Africa won the series. South Africa finished the series undefeated, winning all four of their matches. In the final they defeated Malawi 40–35. The series was broadcast live on SuperSport in South Africa.

Netball South Africa Diamond Challenge
The Netball South Africa Diamond Challenge is an international netball series hosted by Netball South Africa. The series traditionally features South Africa playing a series of test matches against mostly visiting African national teams. South Africa won the inaugural 2012 series.
Glossary of Australian railway terms
This article lists some of the terminology used at present and in the past by Australian railway employees, contractors, railway historians and railway enthusiasts. Many of the terms appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications.

Significant regional variations have existed, indicated when applicable in this glossary by abbreviations of the state (e.g. Vic, NSW) or railway (e.g. SAR). Throughout Australia, much terminology has persisted since the colonial period, when British technology predominated. In the case of the former South Australian Railways, however, many North American terms and practices were introduced during the incumbency of William Alfred Webb, the American railways commissioner of the SAR between 1922 and 1930.  SAR employees' enthusiasm for US railroad developments perpetuated these terms.

Hitachi (Australian train)
The Hitachi (also known as Silver trains, Martin & King or Stainless Steel) is a retired electric multiple unit train that operated on the Melbourne suburban railway network between 1972 and 2014. Electrical equipment was supplied by Commonwealth Engineering, to designs by Hitachi of Japan, leading to their official name today, although no Hitachi-supplied components were used in their construction. They were the last suburban trains in Melbourne without air conditioning. A total of 355 carriages were built between 1972 and 1981, including a replacement carriage for one written off while the fleet was still being delivered.
Iliac branch of iliolumbar artery
The iliac branch of the iliolumbar artery (ramus iliacus) descends to supply the iliacus muscle; some offsets, running between the muscle and the bone, anastomose with the iliac branches of the obturator artery; one of these enters an oblique canal to supply the bone, while others run along the crest of the ilium, distributing branches to the gluteal and abdominal muscles, and anastomosing in their course with the superior gluteal artery, iliac circumflex artery, and the lateral circumflex femoral artery. This anastamosis occurs around the anterior superior iliac spine.

Superior gluteal artery
The superior gluteal artery is the terminal branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery. It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen before splitting into a superficial branch and a deep branch.
Black October (film)
Black October is a 2000 documentary film written, directed and narrated by Terence McKenna and produced by Stephen Phizicky for CBC television on the October Crisis in Canada which aired in October 2000. It focuses on the autumn of 1970, following the kidnapping of British Trade Commissioner James Cross and Quebec Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte by the Front de libération du Québec in October. The War Measures Act was declared by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau a day before it was discovered Laporte was executed.

The film includes interviews with Pierre Trudeau, his then Principal Secretary Marc Lalonde, Quebec Minister of Justice Jerome Choquette, then British Trade Commissioner James Cross, and former Le Devoir Editor Claude Ryan who became a key participant in the crisis.

War Measures Act
The War Measures Act (French: Loi sur les mesures de guerre; 5 George V, Chap. 2) was a statute of the Parliament of Canada that provided for the declaration of war, invasion, or insurrection, and the types of emergency measures that could thereby be taken. The Act was brought into force three times in Canadian history: during the First World War, Second World War, and the 1970 October Crisis.

The Act was questioned for its suspension of civil liberties and personal freedoms, including only for Ukrainians and other Europeans during Canada's first national internment operations of 1914–1920, the Second World War's Japanese Canadian internment, and in the October Crisis. In 1988, it was repealed and replaced by the Emergencies Act.
Bøylefoss
Bøylefoss is a village in Froland municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the river Nidelva at the location of the Bøylefoss waterfall. The river is dammed so the waterfall is no longer visible. The water is piped downhill to the Bøylefoss power plant on the shore of the river. There is a very small village near the power plant also called Bøylefoss. The nearby village of Bøylestad lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Bøylefoss.

Nidelva (Agder)
Nidelva is the main river in the Arendal drainage basin in Agder county, Norway.  The 221.7-kilometre (137.8 mi) long river begins at the confluence of two rivers: Nisserelva and Fyreselv. The confluence is located by the village of Haugsjåsund in Nissedal municipality in southern Telemark county.  The river flows south into the Skagerrak at the city of Arendal. The watershed covers 4,011 square kilometres (1,549 sq mi) and has an average waterflow of 114.4 cubic metres per second (4,040 cu ft/s) at Rykene near the mouth.  The highest waterflow ever recorded on the river was 1,200 cubic metres per second (42,000 cu ft/s) in the autumn of 1987.