hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Amstel Gold Race
The 2011 Amstel Gold Race was the 46th running of the Amstel Gold Race, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 17 April 2011 over a distance of 260.4 kilometres (161.8 miles) and was the tenth race of the 2011 UCI World Tour season.

Omega Pharma–Lotto's Philippe Gilbert claimed victory for the second successive year after making a decisive move in the race's closing stages, attacking the field on the final climb of the race – the 12% gradient Cauberg – and thus becoming the first rider to win two Amstel Gold Races since Rolf Järmann won the race in 1993 and 1998. Gilbert also became only the second rider to win the race in consecutive years after Jan Raas' four consecutive victories between 1977 and 1980. Team Katusha's Joaquim Rodríguez finished the race in second place, having been the last challenger to Gilbert on the Cauberg, with the podium completed by Team Sky rider Simon Gerrans.

Cauberg
The Cauberg is a hill in Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town in the South Limburg region of the Netherlands. The hill played an important role in the early development of tourism in Valkenburg. Today, several major tourist attractions are situated on or nearby Cauberg. The hill's fame is mainly due to the many cycling races and championships that were held here. The length of the climb is around 1,200 metres (0.7 mi), with a maximum grade of 12%.
Polymorphism (computer science)
In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism allows a value or variable to have more than one type and allows a given operation to be performed on values of more than one type.

In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of one interface to entities of different data types.  The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology in which an organism or species can have many different forms or stages.

The most commonly recognized major forms of polymorphism are:

Ad hoc polymorphism: defines a common interface for an arbitrary set of individually specified types.

Parametric polymorphism: does not specify concrete types and instead uses abstract symbols that can substitute for any type.

Subtyping (also called subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism): when a name denotes instances of many different classes related by a common superclass.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Chain novel
A chain novel or chain story is a type of collaborative fiction written collectively by a group of authors. The novel is passed along from author to author, each adding a new chapter or section to the work, with the rule that each subsequent chapter or section should elaborate and follow the plotline of preceding chapters or sections.

The story continues through the participation of others; no one knows what happens next except the next person to add to the story. This method of writing is a shared project and often leads in unexpected directions. This collaborative effort is used to stimulate creativity and the exploration of new ideas.

One problem with chain stories is they can become long and complicated due to the number of different people adding new bits and twists.

Legal theorist Ronald Dworkin has compared common law jurisprudence to chain novels by suggesting that judges, like chain novel authors, must elaborate and follow the laws set before them.

Collaborative fiction
Collaborative fiction is a form of writing by a group of authors who share creative control of a story.

Collaborative fiction can occur for commercial gain, as part of education, or recreationally – many collaboratively written works have been the subject of a large degree of academic research.
Johnny Jump Up (song)
"Johnny Jump Up" is an Irish drinking song by Tadhg Jordan from County Cork. It was first popularized by Jimmy Crowley, and then brought to a wider audience by Christy Moore, appearing on his self-titled 1976 album Christy Moore.

Johnny Jump Up is a strong cider, apparently made stronger by being stored in old whiskey barrels. The song contains numerous local Cork references such as "Up The Lee Road," where a psychiatric hospital was located.

Christy Moore
Christopher Andrew "Christy" Moore (born 7 May 1945) is an Irish folk singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was one of the founding members of the bands Planxty and Moving Hearts and has had significant success as a solo artist. His first album, Paddy on the Road, was recorded with Dominic Behan in 1969. Moore is best known for his political and social commentary and left-wing, Irish republican views. In 2007, he was named as Ireland's greatest living musician in RTÉ's People of the Year Awards.
Contingent fee
A contingent fee (also known as a contingency fee in the United States or a conditional fee in England and Wales) is any fee for services provided where the fee is payable only if there is a favourable result. Although such a fee may be used in many fields, it is particularly well associated with legal practice.

In the law, a contingent fee is defined as a fee charged for a lawyer's services that is payable only if a lawsuit is successful or results in a favorable settlement, usually in the form of a percentage of the amount recovered on behalf of the client. Contingent fees may make it easier for people of limited means to pursue their civil rights since otherwise, to sue someone for a tort, one must first be wealthy enough to pursue such litigation in the first place. Due to the risk of loss, attorneys will not take cases on a contingency basis unless they believe that the case has merit, although accepting cases on a contingency is not without risk.

Legal practice
Legal practice is sometimes used to distinguish the body of judicial or administrative precedents, rules, policies, customs, and doctrines from legislative enactments such as statutes and constitutions which might be called "laws" in the strict sense of being commands to the general public, rather than only to a set of parties.
Crepereia gens
The gens Crepereia was a plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  The family appears in history from the first century BC to the first or second century AD.  Cicero describes the strict discipline of the Crepereii.

Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Virgil and Cicero). He is sometimes called Varro Reatinus ("Varro of Rieti") to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus ("Varro of Atax").
Omar Hughes
Omar Hughes (born March 4, 1982, in St. George's) is a Grenadian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Hughes competed for Grenada in the men's 50 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 24.00. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including two-time Olympians Howard Hinds of the Netherlands Antilles and Emin Guliyev of Azerbaijan. He raced to the fifth seed in 25.06, more than a second outside his entry standard. Hughes failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fifty-seventh overall in the prelims.

Emin Guliyev (swimmer)
Emin Aleksandr Guliyev (born October 8, 1975) is an Azerbaijani former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. He represented Azerbaijan in two editions of the Olympic Games since the nation officiated its debut from the former Soviet Union in 1996.

Guliyev made his official debut at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he competed only in the 50 m freestyle. Swimming in heat three, he rounded out the field to last place and fifty-ninth overall in 25.23.

At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Guliyev competed for the second time in the 50 m freestyle. He received a ticket from FINA, under a Universality program, in an entry time of 24.00. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including fellow two-time Olympian Howard Hinds of the Netherlands Antilles. He edged out Angola's 17-year-old João Aguiar to snatch a seventh spot by 0.34 of a second in 25.36. Guliyev failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed sixtieth overall in the prelims.
The Voice (Australian TV series) season 7
The seventh season of The Voice began airing on 15 April 2018, although it was originally scheduled to debut on 16 April 2018. The coaching line-up consisted of returning coaches Delta Goodrem, returning for her sixth season, Boy George and Kelly Rowland, both returning for their second, and new addition Joe Jonas, replacing Seal.

Sam Perry from Team Kelly won the competition on 17 June 2018, marking Rowland's first win as a coach.

The Voice (Australian TV series) season 6
The sixth season of The Voice began on 24 April 2017. Delta Goodrem was the only coach to reprise her role from the fifth season. She was joined by returning coach, Seal, returning for his third season after a three-year absence and new additions Boy George and Kelly Rowland, replacing Jessie J, The Madden Brothers and Ronan Keating, respectively. Judah Kelly from Team Delta won the competition on 2 July 2017, marking Goodrem's third (her first win occurred on The Voice Kids) and final win as a coach.
Zselic National Landscape Protection Area
Zselic National Landscape Protection Area (Hungarian language: Zselici Tájvédelmi Körzet [ˈʒɛlitsi ˈtaːjveːdɛlmi ˈkøɾzɛt]) is a dark-sky preserve in Hungary. It is located in the counties of Somogy and Baranya, between Kaposvár and Pécs. The boundary of the protection area is managed by the Danube-Drava National Park. This includes some of the hills of Transdanubia, in the heart of the massif of Zselic.

Dark-sky preserve
A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is an area, usually surrounding a park or observatory, that restricts or reduces light pollution or maintains and protects naturally dark night skies. Different terms have been used to describe these areas as national organizations and governments have worked independently to create programs. DarkSky International (DarkSky) uses "International Dark Sky Reserve" (IDSR) and "International Dark Sky Park" (IDSP) among others when certifying Dark Sky Places.
Limassol District
The Limassol District, simply known as Limassol or Lemesos, is one of the six districts of Cyprus. As of 2021, it had a population of 262,238, 75,7% of which was urban The district's capital city is Limassol. Part of the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia forms an enclave on the Akrotiri Peninsula, under the sovereignty of the SBA (Sovereign Base Areas Administration).

Districts of Cyprus
Cyprus is divided into six districts (Greek: επαρχίες; Turkish: ilçe), whose capitals share the same name. The districts are subdivided into municipalities and communities. The districts of Cyprus are listed in the table below.

Note: Northern Cyprus-controlled lands are included in the area figures, but population was not enumerated there. The UN Buffer Zone is included in both population and area figures.  Akrotiri and Dhekelia are not included in the area figures, but non-military Cypriot citizens residing there were enumerated.
Northern Zonal Council
Northern Zonal Council is a zonal council that comprises the states and union territories of Chandigarh, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Ladakh.

The States have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council to foster cooperation among these States. Five Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

Zonal Councils of India
Zonal Councils are advisory councils and are made up of the states and union territories of India that have been grouped into five zones to foster cooperation among them. These were set up by Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
ÖBB Class 1044
The ÖBB Class 1044/1144 is a series of four-axle electric locomotives designed and manufactored by Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG in Graz.

Developed initially for the ÖBB, Austria's state-owned railway company, the model is considered to be a significant milestone in locomotive construction. Upon its introduction in 1976, the 1044s were among the most powerful four-axle electric locomotives in the world. They would serve until as ÖBB's flagship model until their replacement by the Siemens 1016/1116 series between 2001 and 2006.

Strasshof an der Nordbahn
Strasshof an der Nordbahn (meaning Strasshof at the Northern railway; Central Bavarian: Strasshof aun da Noadbauh) is a satellite town 25 km east of Vienna, Austria. A historical locomotive built by LOFAG is displayed in the town.
30th Space Communications Squadron
The 30th Space Communications Squadron (30 SCS) was a United States Space Force (USSF) unit. 30 SCS was last assigned to Space Launch Delta 30 at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, under the Space Systems Command (SSC) Field Command.  30 SCS was responsible for providing cyber, communications, and mobile optics support to Space Launch Delta 30 and Vandenberg Space Force Base tenant units.  The unit was deactivated on October 17, 2024.

Structure of the United States Space Force
The United States Space Force includes the Space Staff, the field commands, space deltas, and squadrons.

The Space Force is organized as one of two coequal military service branches within the Department of the Air Force, the other being the United States Air Force. Both services are overseen by the Secretary of the Air Force, who has overall responsibility for organizing, training, and equipping the Air Force and Space Force.

The military head of the Space Force is the chief of space operations (CSO), who is an officer in the grade of general.
Jesus walking on water
Jesus walking on the water, or on the sea, is recorded as one of the miracles of Jesus recounted in the New Testament. There are accounts of this event in three Gospels—Matthew, Mark, and John—but it is not included in the Gospel of Luke. This story, following the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand, tells how Jesus sent the disciples by ship back to the "other side" of the Sea of Galilee (the western side) while he remained behind, alone, to pray. Night fell and the sea arose as the ship became caught in a wind storm. After rowing against the wind for most of the night, the disciples saw Jesus walking on the water. They were frightened, thinking that they were seeing a spirit, but when Jesus told them not to be afraid, they were reassured. After Jesus entered the ship, the wind ceased, and they arrived at land.

J. Dwight Pentecost
John Dwight Pentecost (April 24, 1915 – April 28, 2014) was an American Christian theologian, best known for his book Things to Come.

Pentecost was born in Pennsylvania and died in Dallas, Texas. His wife was Dorothy Harrison Pentecost (June 17, 1915 – June 21, 2000). John and Dorothy had two daughters: Jane Pentecost Fenby and Gwendolyn Ann Pentecost Arnold.
Ruth Galanter
Ruth Galanter (born c. 1941) is an American politician, environmentalist and consultant with a background in urban planning. She served on the Los Angeles City Council from 1987 to 2003.

She is known for supporting "slow growth" policies on the city's Westside and elsewhere. She was the victim of a knife attack in an attempted home robbery that left her severely wounded.

She now has her own consulting business.

Crenshaw, Los Angeles
Crenshaw, also referred to as the Crenshaw District, is a neighborhood in South Los Angeles, California.

The neighborhood's diverse cultural history is marked by an influx of Japanese Americans after World War II and the subsequent development of a thriving African American community. By the early 1970s, African Americans were Crenshaw's majority demographic group, and the neighborhood came to be known as a hub of Black culture in Los Angeles.
Ženik
Ženik (pronounced [ˈʒeːnik]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici in northeastern Slovenia. It lies along the road from Stara Gora towards Brezje and Sovjak in the hills just south of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

Brezje, Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici
Brezje (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzjɛ]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.
Sun Metals Solar Farm
The Sun Metals Solar Farm is a photovoltaic solar power station near Townsville in the Australian state of Queensland. It supplies some of the electricity consumed by the nearby Sun Metals (a subsidiary of Korea Zinc) zinc refinery as well as exporting to the National Electricity Market. When the Sun Metals Solar Farm started exporting electricity to the grid in May 2018, it took over from Clare Solar Farm as the largest capacity solar farm in Queensland.

The project statutory approvals were supported by AECOM Australia Pty Ltd.

Construction was undertaken by RCR Tomlinson. The solar farm is connected to the refinery's existing 33/132 kV substation and consists of over 1 million solar panels.

The photovoltaic cells are thin-film panels mounted on a fixed axis.

Clare Solar Farm
The Clare Solar Farm is a solar farm located 35 kilometres south-west of Ayr at Clare in North Queensland, Australia.  The 125 megawatt DC power station is owned by Lighthouse Solar.  Construction commenced in 2016 and was complete by May 2018. It features 393,300 single-axis tracking panels spread over 300 hectares.  The solar panels were supplied by Trina Solar.

Electricity was first exported to the grid in 2018.

The power station has a power purchase agreement with Origin Energy.  Operations and maintenance contracts were awarded to Downer EDI.
Castelliri
Castelliri is a comune (municipality) of c. 3,500 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located in the valley of the Liri, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Frosinone.

Castelliri borders the following municipalities: Arpino, Isola del Liri, Monte San Giovanni Campano, Sora.

Monte San Giovanni Campano
Monte San Giovanni Campano is a comune (municipality) of about 12,800 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Frosinone. Monte San Giovanni Campano is in the Latin Valley

It is best known as the place where Thomas Aquinas was imprisoned by his family for two years. St. Thomas' cell now houses a 16th-century triptych of the Neapolitan School.

Monte San Giovanni is home to an 11th-century fortress, the Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano.  It was the first western fortification ever to be breached and captured using a bombardment from portable field artillery, when its castle was stormed by the troops of Charles VIII of France in a mere eight hours in 1495.

Monte San Giovanni was also a summer residence of Pope Adrian IV starting in 1155, and where sojourned the poet Vittoria Colonna.
Badha
Badha is a village in the Gurgaon mandal of the Indian state of Haryana. Badha is 11.78 kilometres (7.32 mi) from Gurgaon.

Nearby villages include Hayatpur (1.351 km [0.839 mi]), Kankrola (2.633 km [1.636 mi]), Naharpur Kasan (3.15 km [1.96 mi]), Wazirpur (3.211 km [1.995 mi]), Bhangrola (3.228 km [2.006 mi]) and Dhorka (3.696 km [2.297 mi]).

Dhorka
Dhorka is a village in Gurgaon district and the eponymous tehsil in the Indian state of Haryana. It is one of 38 villages in Gurgaon Block. Garhi Harsaru and Patli railway stations are nearby. The larger Faridabad Station is 44 kilometres (27 mi) away.

Dhorka is surrounded by Gurgaon Tehsil (east), Pataudi Tehsil (west), Taoru Tehsil (south).
Ok languages
The Ok languages are a family of about a dozen related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in a contiguous area of eastern Irian Jaya and western Papua New Guinea. The most numerous language is Ngalum, with some 20,000 speakers; the best known is probably Telefol.

The Ok languages have dyadic kinship terms.

Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross FAHA (born 3 May 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University (ANU).

Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996.
Burradoo, New South Wales
Burradoo (/ˈbʌrəduː/ BURR-ə-doo) is a suburb of Bowral, in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire.

The village of Burradoo is well known as an expensive area in the Southern Highlands (among other residential areas including Mount Gibraltar, Knotts Hill, Central Bowral, Kangaloon and East Kangaloon). This is because Burradoo is home to many historic manor houses and large modern architectural homes on small acreages. Often Burradoo is compared to parts of England largely reflected in the architecture & gardens.

Burradoo comes from an Aboriginal phrase meaning many brigalow trees.

East Kangaloon
East Kangaloon is a locality in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire.

At the 2016 census, it had a population of 83. According to the 2021 census, there were 80 people living at East Kangaloon.
Timeline of fluid and continuum mechanics
This timeline describes the major developments, both experimental and theoretical understanding of fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics. This timeline includes developments in:

Theoretical models of hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics.

Hydraulics

Elasticity

Mechanical waves and acoustics

Valves and fluidics

Gas laws

Turbulence modeling

Plasticity and rheology

Quantum fluids like Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluidity

Microfluidics

Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases.

The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.

The effect has various applications in Engineering, Architecture, and everyday objects such as Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint and Wine aerators. The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector).