hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glucosinolate
Glucosinolates are natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, and horseradish. The pungency of those plants is due to mustard oils produced from glucosinolates when the plant material is chewed, cut, or otherwise damaged. These natural chemicals most likely contribute to plant defence against pests and diseases, and impart a characteristic bitter flavor property to cruciferous vegetables.

Nitrile
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH3CH2C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.

Inorganic compounds containing the −C≡N group are not called nitriles, but cyanides instead. Though both nitriles and cyanides can be derived from cyanide salts, most nitriles are not nearly as toxic.
Sharktooth Mountain
Sharktooth Mountain is a 2,668-metre (8,753 ft) mountain in the Stikine Ranges of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located between the Cassiar and Dall Rivers.  It has a prominence of 1,653 m, created by the pass at the Frog Lakes between the Pitman River, a tributary of the Stikine and the Frog River, a tributary of the Kechika.

Cassiar River
The Cassiar River is a tributary of the Turnagain River in far northern British Columbia, flowing north to join the latter river southeast of Cry Lake.  Its name is a reference to the Cassiar Land District, which it flows through the middle of and was the setting of the Cassiar Gold Rush of the 1870s.
Black-crowned tityra
The black-crowned tityra (Tityra inquisitor) is a medium-sized passerine bird. It is found in Mexico, every Central American country except El Salvador, and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.

Johann Jakob Kaup
Johann Jakob von Kaup (10 April 1803 – 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system. Kaup is also known for having coined popular prehistoric taxa like Pterosauria, Machairodus, Deinotherium, Dorcatherium, and Chalicotherium.
Roland Tual
Roland Tual (10 November 1902 – 29 August 1956) was a French director and producer.

First married to Colette Jéramec, the daughter of a rich Parisian industrialist, Tual then married the producer and director Denise Piazza, also known under the name Denise Tual.

Very close to  surrealists, he was a friend of the painter André Masson in the 1920s.

He had financial interests in the daily Le Monde.

Espoir: Sierra de Teruel
Espoir: Sierra de Teruel (English title: Days of Hope or Man's Hope) is a 1938–39 Spanish-French black and white war film, directed by Boris Peskine and André Malraux. It was not commercially released until 1945. Malraux wrote the novel L'Espoir, or Man's Hope, published in 1937, which was basis for the film.  The director won the 1945 Prix Louis Delluc award.

The crash of a Spanish Republican Air Force Potez 540 plane near Valdelinares inspired André Malraux to write the novel.

Different years are given for the film's completion. The novel was published in French in 1937 and in English in 1938. The film uses war footage from 1938 and was edited, and other scenes shot, during 1938–1939.  It was finished in July 1939 and shown twice in Paris, but Francoist Spain applied pressure to censor it. All known copies were destroyed during World War II. A copy was found and the film was released again in 1945. In Spain, it was banned and was not screened until 1977, after the death of Franco.
2021 Tour de Wallonie
The 2021 Tour de Wallonie (known as the Ethias–Tour de Wallonie for sponsorship reasons) was a five-stage men's professional road cycling race mainly held in the Belgian region of Wallonia. It was a 2.Pro race as part of the 2021 UCI Europe Tour and the 2021 UCI ProSeries calendars. It was the forty-eighth edition of the Tour de Wallonie, which started on 20 July and finished on 24 July.

2021 UCI ProSeries
The 2021 UCI ProSeries is the second season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The 2021 season initially consisted of 55 events of which 28 were one-day races (1.Pro) and 27 were stage races (2.Pro). There were 47 events in Europe, 5 in Asia, 2 in the United States and 1 in Argentina.

During January 2021, five races were cancelled and three were postponed, leaving 47 races in the 2021 UCI ProSeries season. Two races were added to the calendar (the Dwars door het Hageland and Eurométropole Tour), bringing the number of races scheduled to 49 in early February.
John M. Thayer House
The John M. Thayer House is a historic house in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1889 for John Milton Thayer, who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865, as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1867 to 1871, as the 2nd Governor of Wyoming Territory from 1875 to 1878, and as the 6th Governor of Nebraska from 1887 to 1892. It was designed in the Queen Anne style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 5, 2002.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another 6 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Sodium methylparaben
Sodium methylparaben (sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula Na(CH3(C6H4COO)O). It is the sodium salt of methylparaben.

It is a food additive with the E number E219 which is used as a preservative.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
SN 2010lt
SN 2010lt is a supernova  located in the galaxy UGC 3378 in Camelopardalis. It was discovered by amateur astronomers Kathryn Aurora Gray, her father Paul Gray, of Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada and David J. Lane of Stillwater Lake, Nova Scotia, Canada. Upon discovery, Kathryn Aurora Gray became the youngest person to ever discover a supernova, being 10 years old when she did so. The previous record was held by the 14-year-old Caroline Moore.

Camelopardalis
Camelopardalis is a large but faint constellation of the northern sky representing a giraffe. The constellation was introduced in 1612 or 1613 by Petrus Plancius. Some older astronomy books give Camelopardalus or Camelopardus as alternative forms of the name, but the version recognized by the International Astronomical Union matches the genitive form, seen suffixed to most of its brighter stars.
Ceratotrupes bolivari
Ceratotrupes bolivari is a species of beetle of the family Geotrupidae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is found in pine, oak, or mixed pine-oak forests, and open areas with alpine pastures between 900 and 3000 meters.The geographic range of this species encompasses the Sierra Madre Occidental. Its northernmost limit of distribution is located in the Mesa de Huracán with records from Yepachic, Chihuahua, while the southernmost records come from the Sierra de Tapalpa, Jalisco. To the east, the distribution of is limited by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and specifically by the Cofre de Perote.

Geotrupidae
Geotrupidae (from Greek γῆ (gē), earth, and τρῡπητής (trȳpētēs), borer) is a family of beetles in the order Coleoptera. They are commonly called earth-boring dung beetles or dor beetles. Most excavate burrows in which to lay their eggs. They are typically detritivores, provisioning their nests with leaf litter (often moldy), but are occasionally coprophagous, similar to dung beetles. The eggs are laid in or upon the provision mass and buried, and the developing larvae feed upon the provisions. The burrows of some species can exceed 2 metres in depth.

A few species communicate by stridulation (rubbing body parts together to make sounds).
Files transferred over shell protocol
Files transferred over Shell protocol (FISH) is a network protocol that uses Secure Shell (SSH) or Remote Shell (RSH) to transfer files between computers and manage remote files.

The advantage of FISH is that all it requires on the server-side is an SSH or RSH implementation, Unix shell, and a set of standard Unix utilities (like ls, cat or dd—unlike other methods of remote access to files via a remote shell, scp for example, which requires scp on the server side). Optionally, there can be a special FISH server program (called start_fish_server) on the server, which executes FISH commands instead of Unix shell and thus speeds up operations.

The protocol was designed by Czech Linux Kernel Hacker, Pavel Machek, in 1998 for the Midnight Commander software tool.

Secure copy protocol
Secure copy protocol (SCP) is a means of securely transferring computer files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. It is based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. "SCP" commonly refers to both the Secure Copy Protocol and the program itself.

According to OpenSSH developers in April 2019, SCP is outdated, inflexible and not readily fixed; they recommend the use of more modern protocols like SFTP and rsync for file transfer. As of  OpenSSH version 9.0, scp client therefore uses SFTP for file transfers by default instead of the legacy SCP/RCP protocol.
Allatman
Allatman (Persian: الاتمان, also Romanized as Āllātmān and Alatmān) is a village in Dughayi Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 13 families.

Dughayi Rural District
Dughayi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دوغائي) is in Abkuh District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dughayi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Almajeq, now a city.
1895 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1895 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the seventh staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Ballymacelligott entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played between Ballymacelligott and Cahersiveen, in what was their first meeting in the final. Ballymacelligott won the match by 1–05 to 0–06 to claim their third championship title overall and a second title in succession.

1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board.

On 26 May 1889, Laune Rangers won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Dr. Crokes in the final at the Kerry County Athletic Club grounds.
Abbots Langley
Abbots Langley (/ˈæbəts ˈlæŋli/) is a large village and civil parish in the English county of Hertfordshire. It is an old settlement and is mentioned (under the name of Langelai) in the Domesday Book. Economically the village is closely linked to Watford and was formerly part of the Watford Rural District. Since 1974 it has been included in the Three Rivers district.

Thomas Greenhill (surgeon)
Thomas Greenhill (1669?–1740) was a surgeon who worked in London and was also author of a book Νεκροκηδεία (Greek, literally Dead-funeral) or The Art of Embalming on embalming. He was also surgeon to Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk. He was born after the death of his father, William Greenhill, the last of 39 children born to Elizabeth Greenhill.
Shakopee III
Shakopee III (1811 – 11 November 1865) was a Mdewakanton Dakota chief who was involved at the start of the Dakota War of 1862. Born Eatoka, which means "Another Language," he became known as Ṡaḳpedaƞ or Little Six after the death of his father in 1860.

Following the Dakota uprising in Minnesota, Little Six fled to Rupert's Land in present-day Manitoba, Canada. In January 1864, chiefs Little Six and Medicine Bottle were drugged, captured and transported across the U.S.–Canadian border to Pembina. There, they were arrested by Major Edwin A. C. Hatch and taken back to Fort Snelling. Little Six faced trial by a military commission in December 1864 and was executed by hanging on November 11, 1865. The Little Six Casino operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Shakopee, Minnesota is named after him.

Fort Ridgely
Fort Ridgely was a frontier United States Army outpost from 1851 to 1867, built 1853–1854 in Minnesota Territory.  The Sioux called it Esa Tonka.  It was located overlooking the Minnesota River southwest of Fairfax, Minnesota. Half of the fort's land was part of the south reservation in the Minnesota River valley for the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute tribes. Fort Ridgely had no defensive wall, palisade, or guard towers. The Army referred to the fort as the "New Post on the Upper Minnesota" until it was named for two Maryland Army Officers named Ridgely (Randolph and Lott Henderson), who died during the Mexican–American War. (Many sources also cite Captain Thomas P. Ridgely as a namesake, but he died at a residence in Baltimore.)
Philippe Giusiano
Philippe Giusiano (born 1973, in Marseille) is a French classical pianist.

In 1990, he took part at the XII International Chopin Piano Competition, obtaining an Honourable Mention. Five years later, Giusiano took part in the XIII competition and made it to the finals along with Alexei Sultanov and Gabriela Montero. With the 1st prize being declared void, Giusiano and Sultanov shared the 2nd prize.

Giusiano's teachers have included Odile Poisson (Conservatoire de Marseille), Pierre Barbizet (idem ), Jean-Claude Pennetier (Paris Conservatory), Jacques Rouvier (idem), Karl-Heinz Kämmerling (Universität Mozarteum Salzburg), and Jan Wijn (Conservatorium van Amsterdam).

Alexei Sultanov
Alexei Fayzulkhakovich Sultanov (Uzbek: Aleksey Fayzulhaqovich Sultonov, Russian: Алексей Файзулхакович Султанов; August 7, 1969 – June 30, 2005) was an Uzbek and American (since 2004) classical pianist.
SS Iberian (1900)
SS Iberian was a British cargo steamship that was built in England in 1900 and sunk by a U-boat in 1915. Throughout her career she was owned and operated by Frederick Leyland & Co of Liverpool.

This was the second Leyland Line ship that was called Iberian. The first was completed in 1867 for Bibby Line, transferred to Leyland Line in 1873, and lost in 1885.

Marconi Company
The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 which was a pioneer of wireless long distance communication and mass media broadcasting, eventually becoming one of the UK's most successful manufacturing companies.

Its roots were in the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, which underwent several changes in name after mergers and acquisitions. In 1999, its defence equipment manufacturing division, Marconi Electronic Systems, merged with British Aerospace (BAe) to form BAE Systems. In 2006, financial difficulties led to the collapse of the remaining company, with the bulk of the business acquired by the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson.
Kantemir Balagov
Kantemir Arturovich Balagov (Russian: Кантемир Артурович Балагов, Kabardian: Бэлагъы Артурыкъуэ Къантемыр; born 28 July 1991) is a Russian film director of Circassian descent, screenwriter and cinematographer from the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the North Caucasian region of the Russian Federation. He has directed the films Closeness (2017) and Beanpole (2019).

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Ultimate Breaks and Beats
Ultimate Breaks and Beats (also commonly abbreviated as UBB) was a series of 25 compilation albums released from 1986 to 1991 by Street Beat Records and edited by "BreakBeat Lou" Flores and "BreakBeat Lenny" Roberts. Featured on the albums were funk, R&B, soul, jazz and rock tracks from the 1960s to 1980s that included influential drum breaks.

The albums found high popularity with hip hop producers, with each new release in the series leading to many records featuring samples of the breaks. In this way, the series impacted the soundscape of rap, hip hop, dance, and pop music in general.

Re-releases of the LPs, some packaged in pairs for DJ scratching and mixing convenience, became available and are currently found in many record stores. CDs of some of the volumes may be found as well, including a 2-CD and DVD box set featuring nearly all of the tracks on the 25 albums.

Roy Ayers
Roy Edward Ayers Jr. (September 10, 1940 – March 4, 2025) was an American vibraphonist, record producer, and composer. Ayers began his career as a post-bop jazz artist, releasing several studio albums with Atlantic Records, before his tenure at Polydor Records beginning in the 1970s, during which he helped to pioneer jazz-funk. He was a key figure in the acid jazz movement, and has been described as "The Godfather of Neo Soul". He was best known for his compositions "Everybody Loves the Sunshine", "Running Away", and "Freaky Deaky" and others that charted in the 1970s. At one time, Ayers was listed among the performers whose music was most often sampled by rappers.
KylieFever2002
KylieFever2002 was the seventh concert tour by Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue, in-support of her eighth studio album, Fever (2001). The tour began on 26 April 2002 at the Cardiff International Arena in Wales, concluding on 16 August 2002 at Melbourne's Rod Laver Arena, playing a total of 38 shows in Europe and 11 in Australia.

The eighth date of the tour, the 4 May 2002 concert at Manchester's Evening News Arena, was filmed and broadcast live on MSN, and was subsequently released on DVD as KylieFever2002: Live in Manchester (with a bonus CD).

Ode to Joy
"Ode to Joy" (German: "An die Freude" [an diː ˈfʁɔʏdə]) is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by the German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller. It was published the following year in the German magazine Thalia. In 1808, a slightly revised version changed two lines of the first stanza and omitted the last stanza.

"Ode to Joy" is best known for its use by Ludwig van Beethoven in the final (fourth) movement of his Ninth Symphony, completed in 1824. Beethoven's text is not based entirely on Schiller's poem, and it introduces a few new sections. Beethoven's melody, but not Schiller's text, was adopted as the "Anthem of Europe" by the Council of Europe in 1972 and later by the European Union. Rhodesia's national anthem from 1974 until 1979, "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia", also used Beethoven's melody.
Boxing at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's featherweight
The women's featherweight boxing competitions at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia took place between 7 and 14 April at Oxenford Studios. Women featherweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 57 kilograms. This event made its Commonwealth Games debut.

Like all Commonwealth boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of three rounds of three minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Beginning this year, the competition was scored using the "must-ten" scoring system.

Village Roadshow Studios
Village Roadshow Studios are a set of film studios located in Oxenford, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The studios are owned by Village Roadshow and consist of nine sound stages as well as a range of other production facilities. The studio commenced in June 1991 and is one of three film studios in Australia, the others being Disney Studios Australia in Sydney and Docklands Studios Melbourne.

The studios have been home to many feature films, telemovies, TV series and miniseries. Some feature film productions include Aquaman, San Andreas, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Scooby-Doo, House of Wax, Ghost Ship, and Thor: Ragnarok. TV productions have included H2O: Just Add Water,Terra Nova, BeastMaster and the Lost World series.
Billings Gazette
The Billings Gazette is a daily newspaper based in Billings, Montana, that primarily covers issues in southeast Montana and parts of northern Wyoming. Historically it has been known as the largest newspaper in Montana and is geographically one of the most widely distributed newspapers in the nation.

The paper frequently exchanges content with its four sister papers in the state – the Missoulian, the Helena Independent Record, The Montana Standard and the Ravalli Republic — all of which, along with the Gazette, are owned by Lee Enterprises. Lee announced a Montana State News Bureau near the end of 2020 that serves the Gazette and its sister papers.

Lee Enterprises
Lee Enterprises, Inc. is a publicly traded American media company. It publishes 72 daily newspapers in 25 states, and more than 350 weekly, classified, and specialty publications. Lee Enterprises was founded in 1890 by Alfred Wilson Lee and is based in Davenport, Iowa.

The company also provides online services, including websites supporting its daily newspapers and other publications. Lee had more than 26 million unique web and mobile visitors monthly, with 229.1 million pages viewed. Lee became majority partner of TownNews.com in 1996; Town News creates software for newspaper publication purposes. The company offers commercial printing services to its customers.

Lee Enterprises is currently the fourth-largest newspaper group in the United States of America. The company acquired Howard Publications (16 daily newspapers) for $694 million in 2002 and Pulitzer, Inc. (14 daily, over 100 non-daily), for $1.5 billion in 2005.