hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weise's law
In historical linguistics, Weise's law describes the loss of palatal quality that some consonants undergo in specific contexts in the Proto-Indo-European language. In short, when the palatovelar consonants *ḱ *ǵ *ǵʰ are followed by *r, they lose their palatal quality, leading to a loss in distinction between the series and the corresponding plain velar consonants *k *g *gʰ. Some exceptions exist, such as when the *r is followed by *i or when the palatal form is restored by analogy with related words. Although this sound change is most prominent in the satem languages, the change probably occurred prior to the centum–satem division, based on an earlier sound change which affected the distribution of Proto-Indo-European *u and *r. The law is named after the German linguist Oskar Weise, who first postulated it in 1881 in order to reconcile cognates in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit.

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
Vespula infernalis
Vespula infernalis is an obligate parasitic wasp, parasitizing the nests of other species in the genus Vespula. Its common host species is V. acadica in North America. It is sometimes called the cuckoo yellowjacket wasp due to its inquiline lifestyle. They differ from other parasitic wasps in their intensely aggressive behaviour during invasion and occupation of the host colony. Several morphological adaptations such as bigger body parts and highly curved stingers are present in these wasps to aid their aggressive parasitic behaviour.

Once they occupy a host's nest, V. infernalis are known to engage in mauling and chasing of host workers and forced trophallaxis. Female wasps will also force host workers to feed and take care of their brood .

Vespula
Vespula is a small genus of social wasps, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Along with members of their sister genus Dolichovespula, they are collectively known by the common name yellowjackets (or yellow jackets) in North America. Vespula species have a shorter oculomalar space (shown in the figure below right) and a more pronounced tendency to nest underground than Dolichovespula.
Ramata Island
Ramata Island is a small island about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and less than 500 metres (1,600 ft) wide lying just off the New Georgia in Solomon Islands.

The island is served by weekly flights to and from Ramata Airport.
The island is part of the chain that separates the north Marovo Lagoon, the longest island fringed lagoon in the world, from the Solomon Sea. A sports fishing lodge run by Solomon Islanders caters to tourists.

New Georgia
New Georgia, with an area of 2,037 km2 (786 sq mi), is the largest of the islands in Western Province, Solomon Islands, and the 203rd-largest island in the world. Since July 1978, the island has been part of the independent state of Solomon Islands.
Hyperinsulinism
Hyperinsulinism refers to an above normal level of insulin in the blood of a person or animal. Normal insulin secretion and blood levels are closely related to the level of glucose in the blood, so that a given level of insulin can be normal for one blood glucose level but low or high for another. Hyperinsulinism can be associated with several types of medical problems, which can be roughly divided into two broad and largely non-overlapping categories: those tending toward reduced sensitivity to insulin and high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), and those tending toward excessive insulin secretion and low glucose levels (hypoglycemia).

Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is an unusually high amount of glucose in the blood. It is defined as blood glucose level exceeding 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL) after fasting for 8 hours or 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.
Artem Vasylenko
Artem Vasylenko (Ukrainian: Артем Володимирович Василенко; born 8 December 1989 in Kharkiv) is a Ukrainian judoka. He competed in the men's 81 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the first round by Islam Bozbayev.

Islam Bozbayev
Islam Bozbayev (born 11 June 1991 in Temirtau) is a Kazakh judoka who won the bronze medal in the men's under 81 kg class at the 2010 Asian Games.  He competed in the same division at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Ninja Cadets
Ninja Cadets, known in Japan as Ninja Mono (Ninja者),  is a two-episode original video animation (OVA) anime series produced by AIC and Youmex and created by Eiji Suganuma, who also directed, storyboarded it and designed the characters. It is a comedy about a group of ninja-in-training in feudal Japan.

Ninja Cadets was released in two episodes from March 27 to June 12, 1996. It has the distinction of being the first anime DVD ever released. The series is licensed in the United States by Media Blasters under its AnimeWorks label. It is the first English anime dub ever produced by Bang Zoom! Entertainment.

Anime International Company
Anime International Company, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社アニメインターナショナルカンパニー, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Anime Intānashonaru Kanpanī), often abbreviated as AIC, is a Japanese animation studio founded on June 15, 1982, and located in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan. On December 10, 2015, AIC Rights Company, Inc. was established through a company split, in which AIC Rights received the transfer of some of the copyrights owned by Anime International Company.

Their notable works include series such as Tenchi Muyo!, Bubblegum Crisis, El Hazard, and several adaptations of the manga Oh My Goddess!.

AIC had eight sub-studios within itself, named: AIC Asta (2003, formerly: AIC A.S.T.A.), AIC Spirits (2003), AIC Digital (2003), AIC Plus+ (2006), AIC Takarazuka (2006), AIC Build (2010), AIC Classic (2010) and AIC Frontier (2012).
Heidenköpfe
The Heidenköpfe (plural) are a group of three summits (Heidenkopf I, Heidenkopf II und Heidenkopf III) near Dahlem in Germany that are about 595 m above sea level (NHN). They lie within the mountain region of North Eifel in the counties of Euskirchen and Vulkaneifel in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NW) and Rhineland-Palatinate (RP).

Esch, Vulkaneifel
Esch (German pronunciation: [ɛʃ] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the municipality of Gerolstein.
The Aftermath (Jonathan Coulton album)
The Aftermath is a collection of songs released following the 'aftermath' of the Thing a Week project by comedy rock musician Jonathan Coulton. The project was originally intended to be Coulton's eighth studio album. After he was convinced to start recording in a professional studio by John Flansburgh, however, Coulton decided to scrap this project and start anew for his next album, which later became Artificial Heart. Tracks 6–9 were written and recorded as part of FRED Entertainment's "Masters of Song Fu" competition.

Thing a Week
Thing a Week (sometimes as Thing-a-Week) is a series of albums released by the American musician Jonathan Coulton in 2006. He compiled these albums from his weekly podcast, in which he challenged himself to write, record, and produce a new song within a week, every week, for an entire year. He wanted to prove that he was capable of consistently meeting a deadline.

The folk rock series was recorded at Coulton's home in Brooklyn after he quit his computer programming job to spend more time with his wife and baby daughter. His podcast picked up many thousands of followers who praised the few novelty songs he posted before 2006, inspiring him to remake himself as an online musician.

After Thing a Week, Coulton wrote "Still Alive" for the video game Portal in 2007. He sang his songs in concert, and a 2008 performance was captured on video to become the 2009 DVD Best. Concert. Ever. Many of the songs came from the Thing a Week series.
The Kautokeino Rebellion
The Kautokeino Rebellion (Norwegian: Kautokeino-opprøret, Northern Sami: Guovdageainnu stuimmit) is a 2008 film based on the true story of the Kautokeino Rebellion in 1852, in response to the Norwegian exploitation of the Sami community at that time. It was directed by Nils Gaup and was released in January 2008. The music to this film was mostly composed by Sami musician Mari Boine.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
São Vicente, Lisbon
São Vicente (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w viˈsẽtɨ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, São Vicente is to the east of Santa Maria Maior, south of Arroios, and west of Penha de França. São Vicente is home to numerous historic neighborhoods, including Alfama. The population in 2021 was 13,956, for a population density of 7,013.1 inhabitants per km2 on an area of 1.99 square kilometers

Church of Santa Engrácia
The Church of Santa Engrácia (Portuguese: Igreja de Santa Engrácia, pronounced [iˈɣɾeʒɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃tɐ ẽˈɡɾasiɐ]) is a 17th-century monument in Lisbon, Portugal. Originally a church, it was converted into the National Pantheon (Panteão Nacional, pronounced [pɐ̃tiˈɐ̃w nɐsiuˈnal]), in which important Portuguese personalities are buried. It is located in the Alfama neighbourhood, close to another important Lisbon monument, the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora.
Baconsthorpe Castle
Baconsthorpe Castle, historically known as Baconsthorpe Hall, is a ruined, fortified manor house near the village of Baconsthorpe, Norfolk, England. It was established in the 15th century on the site of a former manor hall, probably by John Heydon I and his father, William. John was an ambitious lawyer with many enemies and built a tall, fortified house, but his descendants became wealthy sheep farmers, and being less worried about attack, developed the property into a more elegant, courtyard house, complete with a nearby deer park.

Formal garden
A formal garden is a garden with a clear structure, geometric shapes and in most cases a symmetrical layout. Its origin goes back to the gardens which are located in the desert areas of Western Asia and are protected by walls. The style of a formal garden is reflected in the Persian gardens of Iran, and the monastic gardens from the Late Middle Ages. It has found its continuation in the Italian Renaissance gardens and has culminated in the French formal gardens from the Baroque period. Through its design, the garden conveys a sense of established order and transparency to the observer.

In garden design, the formal garden is said to be the opposite to the landscape garden, which follows nature and which came into fashion in the 18th century.
Holy Week in Málaga
Holy Week in Málaga (Spanish: Semana Santa en Málaga) is the annual commemoration of the Passion of Jesus in Málaga, Spain. It takes place during the last week of Lent, the week immediately before Easter. It is one of the city's main cultural and religious events.

During Holy Week, 42 brotherhoods (cofradía) make 45 processions through the streets of Málaga showing realistic wooden sculptures that depict scenes from the Passion, or images of the Virgin Mary showing sorrow.

Holy Week in Málaga was declared in 1965 to be a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain.

Málaga Cathedral
The Cathedral of Málaga is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Málaga in Andalusia in southern Spain. It is in the Renaissance architectural tradition. The cathedral is located within the limits defined by a now missing portion of the medieval Moorish walls, the remains of which surround the nearby Alcazaba and the Castle of Gibralfaro. It was constructed between 1528 and 1782, following the plans drawn by Diego de Siloe; its interior is also in Renaissance style.
Ramkola Assembly constituency
Ramkola is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Kaptanganj and Ramkola in the Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ramkola is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kushi Nagar Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 335 amongst 403 constituencies.

Kushinagar Lok Sabha constituency
Kushinagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in India. This constituency was created in 2008 as part of the delimitation of parliamentary constituencies, based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
Shapleigh, Maine
Shapleigh, pronounced "SHAP-lee", is a town in York County, Maine, United States which was incorporated as the state's 43rd town in 1785. The population was 2,921 at the 2020 census. Shapleigh is divided into the villages of North Shapleigh, Shapleigh Corner, Ross Corner and Emery Mills. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Hudson Bay Park, Saskatoon
Hudson Bay Park is geographically located in north west Saskatoon just south of Circle Drive along 33rd Street and Avenue P North.  It is mainly characterized by single detached homes along with apartments that are less than five stories in height. Oliver Place and St. Joseph's Home are seniors residences located in this residential neighbourhood. This locale honours the pioneers of Saskatoon, as well as providing two very large park spaces which curve through the neighbourhood.  The community was under construction mainly during the post war years between 1940 and 1960 when there was a housing shortage.  The land for this neighbourhood was annexed during the City expansion around the time of 1910 to 1915. Following elementary school, students usually attend Mount Royal Collegiate in the neighboring area of Mount Royal or E.D. Feehan Catholic High School on Avenue M North a part of Westmount community.  In 2006, the average family size was 2.1 residents.  Statistics c2005 -

Mount Royal, Saskatoon
Mount Royal is a neighbourhood on the westside of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in the Confederation SDA. As of 2016 if has a population of 5,207 residents. The neighbourhood consists of 3 elementary schools and 2 sister secondary schools.
Airton
Airton (also known as Airton-in-Craven) is a small village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, situated 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Skipton. The village had a population of 175 according to the 2001 Census, 228 at the 2011 Census, decreasing to 227 at the 2021 Census.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Skipton
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the East Division of Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to the south of the Yorkshire Dales. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) north-west of Leeds and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the 2021 Census, the population was 15,042. The town has been listed as one of the best and happiest places to live in the UK.
Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld
Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld (officially Erlenbach b.Marktheidenfeld) is a municipality in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld. It has given itself the title Weinort mit Herz – Wine Town with Heart.

Free Voters
Free Voters (German: Freie Wähler, FW) is a political party in Germany. It originates as an umbrella organisation of several Free Voters Associations (Freie Wählergemeinschaften), associations of people which participate in an election without having the status of a registered party. These associations are usually locally-organised groups of voters in the form of a registered association (eV). In most cases, Free Voters campaign only at local government level, standing for city councils and for mayoralties. Free Voters tend to achieve their most successful electoral results in rural areas of southern Germany, appealing most to conservative voters who prefer local decisions to party politics. Free Voter groups are active in all of the states of Germany, except for Brandenburg, where the Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters is an equivalent party distinct from the Free Voters in cooperation with the Free Voters.
Constitution of Brazil
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil or 1988 Federal Constitution (Portuguese: Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil ou Constituição Federal de 1988) is the supreme law of Brazil. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of Brazil and the federal government of Brazil. It replaced the autocratic 1967 constitution capping 21 years of military dictatorship and establishing Brazil's current republic, often referred to as the New Republic. Made in the light of the Brazilian transition to democracy, it resignified the role of the state in the citizens' lives, providing a vast system of human and individual rights protection, social welfare, and democratic tools.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Adam Pearlman (soccer)
Adam Pearlman (born April 5, 2005) is a professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Toronto FC in Major League Soccer. Born in South Africa, he represents Canada at youth international level.

Toronto FC Academy
Toronto FC Academy, also known as TFC Academy, is the youth academy and development system of Canadian Major League Soccer club Toronto FC, which competes in MLS Next.

The academy has divisions from U14 to U19 and includes over 110 young players. The senior academy team is known as Toronto FC III.
Saint Stephen and Herod
"St. Stephen and Herod" (Roud 3963, Child 22) is a traditional English Christmas carol. It depicts the martyrdom of Saint Stephen as occurring, with wild anachronism, under Herod the Great, and claims that that was the reason for St. Stephen's Day being the day after Christmas.

Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s.
Sarkar (soundtrack)
Sarkar (transl. Government) is the soundtrack album for the 2018 Indian Tamil-language political action thriller film of the same name. The album composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics written by Vivek, consists of five songs, two of which were released as singles prior to the audio launch, held on 2 October 2018.

Sun TV Network
Sun TV Network Limited is an Indian media company, headquartered in Chennai. It is a part of Sun Group and was established on 14 April 1993 by Kalanithi Maran. It owns a variety of television channels and radio stations in multiple languages. Its flagship channel is Sun TV.
Topawa, Arizona
Topawa (O'odham: name Ḍo Bawui translates as "Gathering Tepary Beans") is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 315 as of the 2020 census. Topawa is located on the Tohono O'odham Nation reservation, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south-southeast of Sells. Topawa has a post office with ZIP code 85639.

Tohono Oʼodham Nation
The Tohono Oʼodham Nation is the collective government body of the Tohono Oʼodham tribe in the United States. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs four separate sections of land with a combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km2), approximately the size of Connecticut and the second-largest Indigenous land holding in the United States. These lands are in the Sonoran Desert of south central Arizona and border the Mexico–United States border for 74 miles (119 km). The Nation is organized into 11 local districts and has a tripartite system of government. Sells is the Nation's largest community and functions as its capital. The Nation has about 34,000 enrolled members, most of whom live off of the reservations.
München-Nürnberg-Express
The München-Nürnberg-Express (literally: Munich-Nuremberg Express) is a RegionalExpress train service in the southern German state of Bavaria, connecting the two main cities of the state, Munich and Nuremberg. With its maximum speed of 200 km/h  (125 mph), the train is currently (as of 2011) the fastest regional train service in Germany. The train was formerly known under the project name FRESH, expanding to FRanken-Express über die Schnellfahrstrecke in die LandesHauptstadt (FRanconia Express via the High speed line to the state Capital).

Push–pull train
Push–pull is a configuration for locomotive-hauled trains, usually having a locomotive on one end and a control car on another, connected via some form of remote control, such as multiple-unit train control.

This formation meant that the locomotive would not have to run-around at the end of a journey before returning.

The trains were also historically knows as "motor trains" or "railmotors", but the term "railmotor" is now used to refer to trains where the locomotive was integrated into a coach. In the UK and some other parts of Europe, the control car is referred to as a driving trailer (or driving van trailer/DVT where there is no passenger accommodation); in the US and Canada, they are called cab cars and in Australia, they are called driving trailers.