hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Top of descent
In aviation, the top of descent, also referred to as the TOD or T/D, is the computed transition from the cruise phase of a flight to the descent phase, or the point at which the planned descent to final approach altitude is initiated. The top of descent is usually calculated by an on-board flight management system, and is designed to provide the most economical descent to approach altitude, or to meet some other objective (fastest descent, greatest range, etc.).

The top of descent may be calculated manually as long as distance, air speed, and current altitude are known. This can be done by finding the difference between current altitude and desired altitude, dividing the result by the desired rate of descent, and then multiplying that figure by the quotient of the ground speed (not airspeed) and 60. ((C-T)/RoD)*(KGS/60)=TOD. The result dictates how far from the destination descent must begin.

Cruise (aeronautics)
Cruise is the phase of aircraft flight from when the aircraft levels off after a climb until it begins to descend for landing. Cruising usually comprises the majority of a flight, and may include small changes in heading (direction of flight), airspeed, and altitude.
Freedom from Fear (painting)
Freedom from Fear is the last of the Four Freedoms oil paintings produced by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The series was based on the four goals known as the Four Freedoms, which were enunciated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address on January 6, 1941. This work was published in the March 13, 1943, issue of The Saturday Evening Post alongside an essay by a prominent thinker of the day, Stephen Vincent Benét. The painting is generally described as depicting American children being tucked into bed by their parents while the Blitz rages across the Atlantic in the United Kingdom.

Deborah Solomon
Deborah Solomon (born August 9, 1957) is an American art critic, journalist and biographer. She writes for The New York Times, where she was previously a columnist. Her weekly column, "Questions For" ran in The New York Times Magazine from 2003 to 2011. She was subsequently the art critic for WNYC Public Radio, the New York City affiliate of NPR. She is sometimes confused with another reporter, Deborah B. Solomon, who is a financial journalist now working at The New York Times after a long career at The Wall Street Journal.
Ognyena Maria
In Slavic mythology, Ognyena Maria (literally "Fiery Mary") is a fire goddess who is the sister and assistant of the thunder god, Perun. Ognyena Maria originates as a conflation of the figures of Margaret the Virgin and the Virgin Mary, both regarded as sisters of Saint Elias.

This divinity also appears with southern Slavs, and is usually considered to be the sister of the thunder god/saint. She was also associated with rain or the sea, or with Lazarus (Марина Лазоревая) and azure flashes of lightning.

Ognyena Maria’s feast in the folk calendar of the Slavs is on July 17, on the Julian calendar (around 30 July).

Perun
In Slavic mythology, Perun (Cyrillic: Перун) is the highest god of the pantheon and the god of sky, thunder, lightning, storms, rain, law, war, fertility and oak trees. His other attributes were fire, mountains, wind, iris, eagle, firmament (in Indo-European languages, this was joined with the notion of the sky of stone), horses and carts, and weapons (hammer, axe (Axe of Perun), and arrow). The supreme god in the Kievan Rus' during the 9th-10th centuries, Perun was first associated with weapons made of stone and later with those of metal.
Alphabear
Alphabear is a 2015 word game developed by the independent video game company Spry Fox. Released in July 2015, it draws on creative elements of one of their older releases, the 2010 game Panda Poet. A sequel, Alphabear 2, was released in 2018. Alphabear was removed from the stores in 2019.

Word game
Word games are spoken, board, card or video games often designed to test ability with language or to explore its properties.

Word games are generally used as a source of entertainment, but can additionally serve an educational purpose. Young children may enjoy playing games such as Mad Libs Junior, while developing spelling and writing skills. Researchers have found that adults who regularly solved crossword puzzles, which require familiarity with a larger vocabulary, had better brain function later in life.

Popular word-based game shows have been a part of television and radio throughout broadcast history, including Spelling Bee, the first televised game show, and Wheel of Fortune, the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States.
Hoplocryptanthus
Hoplocryptanthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. It was formerly treated as the subgenus Hoplocryptanthus of the genus Cryptanthus.

Its native range is Southeastern Brazil.

Species:

Hoplocryptanthus caracensis (Leme & E.Gross) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus caracensis

Hoplocryptanthus ferrarius (Leme & C.C.Paula) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus ferrarius

Hoplocryptanthus glaziovii (Mez) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus glaziovii

Hoplocryptanthus knegtianus O.B.C.Ribeiro & Leme

Hoplocryptanthus lavrasensis (Leme) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus lavrasensis

Hoplocryptanthus regius (Leme) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus regius

Hoplocryptanthus schwackeanus (Mez) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus schwackeanus

Hoplocryptanthus tiradentesensis (Leme) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka, syn. Cryptanthus tiradentesensis

Hoplocryptanthus vidaliorum (O.B.C.Ribeiro & C.C.Paula) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka

Hoplocryptanthus lavrasensis
Hoplocryptanthus lavrasensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Brazil (the state of Minas Gerais). It was first described in 2007 by Elton Leme as Cryptanthus lavrasensis.
Greater Kingston National Park
Greater Kingston National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 308 kilometres (191 mi) south of Perth. It is located in the Shires of Bridgetown–Greenbushes, Boyup Brook and Manjimup. It is located in the Jarrah Forest bioregion.

The national park is located in old growth forest of jarrah and wandoo woodlands.

Greater Kingston National Park was created in 2004 as Class A reserve No. 47762 with a size of 21,092 hectares (52,120 acres) by an act of parliament by the Parliament of Western Australia on 8 December 2004, as one of 19 national parks declared in the state that day.

Greater Kingston is one of only two national parks, alongside Dryandra Woodland, that is a location for an original numbat sub-population. The numbats in the Upper Warren area are present at Greater Kingston National Park and the Tone-Perup Nature Reserve as well as some adjoining State Forest.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Salicyluric acid
Salicyluric acid is the glycine conjugate of salicylic acid and is the primary form in which salicylates are excreted from the body, via the kidneys. The pathway is very similar to the pathway of benzoic acid excretion as hippuric acid.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters
This is a list of the players who were on the rosters of the given teams who participated in the 2008 Beijing Olympics for men's water polo. The men's tournament included twelve teams, with a maximum of thirteen players per team.

Water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament of water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics at Beijing, People's Republic of China, began on 10 August and lasted until 24 August 2008. All games were held at the Ying Tung Natatorium.

Teams from twelve nations competed, seeded into two groups for the preliminary round. 44 games were played, 30 of them in the preliminary round (each team played the other teams in the group). Seven classification games and seven games in the medal round were also played.
VPB-29
VPB-29 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Pacific Air Detachment on 17 January 1923, redesignated Patrol Squadron 14 (VP-14) on 29 May 1924, redesignated Patrol Squadron 1-Naval District 14 (VP-1D14) on 21 September 1927, redesignated Patrol Squadron 1-B (VP-1B) on 1 July 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 1-F (VP-1F) on 15 April 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 1 (VP-1) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 21 (VP-21) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 1 (VP-1) on 30 July 1940, redesignated Patrol Squadron 101 (VP-101) on 3 December 1940, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 29 (VPB-29) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 20 June 1945.

Douglas T2D
The Douglas T2D was an American twin-engined torpedo bomber contracted by the military, and required to be usable on wheels or floats, and operating from aircraft carriers. It was the first twin-engined aircraft to be operated from an aircraft carrier.
Goalkeeper (water polo)
In water polo, the goalkeeper occupies a position as the last line of defense between the opponent's offence and their own team's goal, which is 2.8 m2 (30 sq ft).

The goalkeeper position is unique; they possess certain privileges and are subject to different restrictions than those of field players. Accordingly, they possess different skills than those of the field players.

Goalkeepers often have longer playing careers than field players because they need mental power rather than physical power.

In water polo, the goalkeeper is commonly known as the goalie or keeper and may also be known as the man/woman in the cage.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Nand Lal
Master Nand Lal (Hindi: मास्टर नंद लाल; 1 January 1887 – 17 April 1959), also referred to as Nanadlal of Jaranwala, was an Indian freedom fighter, politician and a member of the Constituent Assembly of India from East Punjab.

Firozpur
Firozpur, (pronunciation: [fɪroːzpʊr])  also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in the Firozpur District of Punjab, India. After the Partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan border with memorials to soldiers who died fighting for India. The nearby Firozpur Cantonment is a major cantonment of the country.
Jimmie Rodgers (pop singer)
James Frederick Rodgers (September 18, 1933 – January 18, 2021) was an American pop singer. In the 1950s and 1960s, Rodgers had a run of hits and mainstream popularity. His string of crossover singles ranked highly on the Billboard Pop Singles, Hot Country and Western Sides, and Hot Rhythm and Blues Sides charts; in the 1960s, Rodgers had more modest successes with adult contemporary music.

He was not related to country music pioneer Jimmie C. Rodgers (1897–1933), who died the same year the younger Rodgers was born. Among country audiences, and in his official songwriting credits, the younger Rodgers, Jimmie Frederick, was often credited as Jimmie F. Rodgers to differentiate the two.

The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to March 28, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked No. 15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.
Personal Flight Sky-Tender
The Personal Flight Sky-Tender is an American ultralight trike flying boat that was designed and produced by Personal Flight of Chelan, Washington. Production is complete and the aircraft is no longer available.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
David A. Nethercot
David Arthur Nethercot (born 26 April 1946) is a British structural engineer.

He was the Head of the Civil Engineering Department at Imperial College London until September 2011. He was president of the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) in 2003-04 and the 2009 recipient of their Gold Medal.

In June 2012 he became President of the City & Guilds College Association, the association for engineering alumni of Imperial College. 1 November 2013 he became President of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE).

Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers
The Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers is awarded by the Institution of Structural Engineers for exceptional and outstanding contributions to the advancement of structural engineering. It was established in 1922.
Rising Hayato
Hayato Kubo (久保颯人, Kubo Hayato, born February 24, 1999), better known by his ring name Rising Hayato (ライジングHAYATO, Raijingu Hayato) is a Japanese professional wrestler working for the Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling.

World Junior Heavyweight Championship (AJPW)
The Pacific Wrestling Federation (PWF) World Junior Heavyweight Championship (世界ジュニアヘビー級王座, Sekai Junia Hebī-kyū Ōza) is a professional wrestling world title in Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling, contested exclusively among junior heavyweight (<235 lb (107 kg)) wrestlers. It was created on July 31, 1986, when Hiro Saito defeated Brad Armstrong in a tournament final.
Gingerbread man
A gingerbread man is a biscuit or cookie made from gingerbread, usually in the shape of a stylized human being. However, other shapes, especially seasonal themes (Christmas, Halloween, Easter, etc.), and characters are also common.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Strahov
Strahov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈstraɦof]) is a district of Prague in the Czech Republic. It lies on the west bank of the Vltava, west of Petřín hill, Malá Strana and Hradčany. It is bordered by the districts of Břevnov, Smíchov, Košíře, Střešovice and Malá Strana.

Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) (Czech: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, ČVUT) is one of the largest universities in the Czech Republic with 8 faculties, and is one of the oldest institutes of technology in Central Europe. It is also the oldest non-military technical university in Europe.

In the academic year 2020/21, Czech Technical University offered 130 degree programs in Czech and 84 in English. It was considered one of the top 10 universities in emerging Europe and Central Asia in the same year.
Serie A Footballer of the Year
The AIC Serie A Footballer of the Year (Italian: Migliore calciatore assoluto AIC) is a yearly award organized by the Italian Footballers' Association (AIC) given to the footballer who has been considered to have performed the best over the previous Serie A season. The award is part of the Gran Galà del Calcio (formerly known as the "Oscar del Calcio AIC") awards event. Juventus players have won the most awards with twelve. Zlatan Ibrahimović and Andrea Pirlo have won the award the most times (3), with Pirlo's wins coming consecutively.

Italian Footballers' Association
The Italian Footballers' Association (Italian: Associazione Italiana Calciatori), also referred to by the acronym AIC, is the association for footballers in Italy. Established on 3 July 1968, it is headquartered in Vicenza and currently has 4,500 members, of which 2,500 are professionals.

The aims of the AIC are to protect, improve and negotiate the conditions, rights and status of all professional players by collective bargaining agreements.

Until the year 2000, it represented only footballers playing in professional leagues, after which it expanded its scope to include amateur players as well.
Araki–Sucher correction
In atomic, molecular and optical physics, the Araki–Sucher correction is a leading-order correction to the energy levels of atoms and molecules due to effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED). It is named after Huzihiro Araki and Joseph Sucher, who first calculated it for the helium atom in 1957. The method is based on a perturbative expansion of the energy in the Bethe–Salpeter equation, and have since been used to calculate corrections for atoms other than helium (e.g. beryllium and lithium), and for systems with more than two electrons.  The correction typically involves the fine-structure constant  and may sometimes include terms of third order and higher (i.e. ).

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions, at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts.: 1356   The three areas are closely interrelated.  AMO theory includes classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments.  Typically, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation (light) from excited atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter in general, fall into these categories.
2021 Dwars door het Hageland
The 2021 Dwars door het Hageland was the 16th edition of the Dwars door het Hageland road cycling one-day race, which was held on 5 June 2021 in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. It was a 1.Pro event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour and the 2021 UCI ProSeries calendars, and the fourth event of the 2021 Belgian Road Cycling Cup. The race was 180 kilometres (110 mi) long, starting in Aarschot and finishing in Diest, and featured 14 cobbled sectors and short, steep climbs each.

2021 UCI ProSeries
The 2021 UCI ProSeries is the second season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The 2021 season initially consisted of 55 events of which 28 were one-day races (1.Pro) and 27 were stage races (2.Pro). There were 47 events in Europe, 5 in Asia, 2 in the United States and 1 in Argentina.

During January 2021, five races were cancelled and three were postponed, leaving 47 races in the 2021 UCI ProSeries season. Two races were added to the calendar (the Dwars door het Hageland and Eurométropole Tour), bringing the number of races scheduled to 49 in early February.
A Year in the Wild
A Year in the Wild is a 2012 British nature documentary series about the country's national parks. Produced by the BBC, the series is narrated by actress Hermione Norris. It consists of three episodes, each an hour long. The first episode, Snowdonia, premiered on 27 July 2012 and features Snowdonia National Park. Snowdonia is located in Wales, and is known for its hills and extinct volcanoes. The second episode, The New Forest, premiered on 3 August 2012. The episode explores the fauna of the New Forest National Park. The Park, located in southern England, was established in 2005 and is one of the country's newest national parks. The final episode of the series, Cairngorms, premiered on 10 August 2012. The Cairngorms National Park covers the Cairngorms mountain range in Scotland, and is Britain's largest national park, with an area of 4,528 km2. All three episodes describe the wildlife of each park, the ecosystem, and the people who live near, work, or frequent the parks.

Nature documentary
A nature documentary or wildlife documentary is a genre of documentary film or series about animals, plants, or other non-human living creatures. Nature documentaries usually concentrate on video taken in the subject's natural habitat, but often including footage of trained and captive animals, too. Sometimes they are about wildlife or ecosystems in relationship to human beings. Such programmes are most frequently made for television, particularly for public broadcasting channels, but some are also made for the cinema. The proliferation of this genre occurred almost simultaneously alongside the production of similar television series which is distributed across the world.
Pinguiochrysidaceae
Pinguiochrysidaceae is a family of marine Heterokontophyta. It is the only family in the order Pinguiochrysidales, which is the only order in the class Pinguiophyceae. It includes five species of unicellular organisms with high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cytoplasm. The other common features are the lack of cell wall and the tendency for flagella loss even on the stage of zoospore, which is unusual for heterokonts. One species (Polypodochrysis teissieri) inhabits benthic substates (sometimes found the mucilage of other algae) and is able to produce lorica with one or more tubular necks. The other species live in the plankton.

Pinguiococcus
Pinguiococcus is a genus within Ochrophytina, a group of algae that also includes brown algae (seaweeds) and diatoms. The genus includes a single species, Pinguiococcus pyrenoidosus, which was first described in 2002.