hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clinton, Iowa
Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa, United States. It borders the Mississippi River. The population was 24,469 as of 2020.

Clinton, along with DeWitt (also located in Clinton County), was named in honor of the sixth governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton. Incorporated on January 26, 1857, Clinton is the principal city of the Clinton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is coterminous with Clinton County.

Archer Daniels Midland
The Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, commonly known as ADM, is an American multinational food processing and commodities trading corporation founded in 1902 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company operates more than 270 plants and 420 crop procurement facilities worldwide, where cereal grains and oilseeds are processed into products used in food, beverage, nutraceutical, industrial, and animal feed markets worldwide.

ADM ranked No. 35 in the 2023 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations.

The company also provides agricultural storage and transportation services. The American River Transportation Company along with ADM Trucking, Inc., are subsidiaries of ADM.

ADM has been the subject of significant media attention and infamy over the years with its various scandals, one inspiring a novel and subsequent film The Informant!.
I (Taeyeon song)
"I" is the debut single by South Korean singer Kim Tae-yeon (better known by her mononym Taeyeon) featuring Verbal Jint, taken from Taeyeon's debut EP of the same name. The song lyrics was written by Taeyeon herself, Mafly, and Verbal Jint, while the music was composed and arranged by Myah Marie Langston, Bennett Armstrong, Justin T. Armstrong, Cosmopolitan Douglas, David Quinones, Jon Asher, and Ryan S. Jhun. It was released digitally on October 7, 2015, in conjunction with the release of the EP, and was released on Korean Broadcasting System's "K-Pop Connection" radio on October 9.

Upon its release, "I" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised its musical styles and Taeyeon's vocals. The single peaked atop the South Korean Gaon Digital Chart and has since sold over 2.5 million digital copies as of October 2018. To promote the song and the EP, Taeyeon made several appearances on music programs including Inkigayo, Music Bank, and M Countdown.

Verbal Jint
Kim Jin-tae (Korean: 김진태; born December 19, 1980), better known by his stage name Verbal Jint (버벌진트), is a South Korean musician, rapper and record producer who is known for his innovations in Korean hip hop rhyme schemes. He established himself as one of South Korea's most popular underground rappers of the 2000s before achieving mainstream success. He is signed to the hip hop record label Brand New Music, under which he runs his own independent label, Otherside.
Radio-Télévision Analamanga
Radio-Télévision Analamanga is a Malagasy privately-owned television station founded in 1996 by Ottavio Ermini, an Italian audiovisual specialist. It operates on UHF channel 33 in Antananarivo and is also available on the three subscription television operators of the country: Canal+ Madagascar, StarTimes and Blueline.

Mahajanga
Mahajangā [maːˈdzaŋɡə̥] (French: Majunga) is a city and an administrative district on the northwest coast of Madagascar. The city of Mahajanga (Mahajanga I) is the capital of the Boeny Region. The district (identical to the city) had a population of 258,068 in 2020.
Canada women's national under-17 soccer team
The Canada U-17 women's national soccer team (also known as Canada Under-17s or Canada U-17s) represents Canada in international soccer at this age level. They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association, the governing body for soccer in Canada.

Mexico women's national under-17 football team
The Mexico U-17 women's national football team is the national women's under-17 football team of Mexico and is managed by the Mexican Football Federation. Miguel Gamero was named head coach on January, 2025.

Under Mónica Vergara, the team reached the final at the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Uruguay. Although they fell 2–1 to Spain, their silver medal is the best showing for any Mexico squad at a FIFA Women's World Cup. The team also won the 2013 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship.

Most members of the current squad play in the Liga MX Femenil per the league's 1000-minute requirement for young players.
Timeline of the Republic of Turkey
This is a timeline of the Republic of Turkey. To read about the background to these events, see History of the Republic of Turkey.  See also the List of presidents of Turkey.

See also Timeline of the Ottoman Empire, a chronology of the predecessor state to the Republic of Turkey.

This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.

History of the Republic of Turkey
The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmed VI by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1922 by the new Republican Parliament in 1923. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.
Tabata Site
Tabata Site (田端遺跡, Tabata iseki) is a Jōmon period archaeological site with the remains of a stone circle in what is now the city of Machida, Tokyo, Japan. The site was designated a Prefectural Historic Site in 1971, with the area under protection extended in 2007.

Machida, Tokyo
Machida (町田市, Machida-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 428,851, and a population density of 6,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 71.80 square kilometres (27.72 sq mi).

Due to geographical and other reasons, Machida is often regarded as having more connection to Kanagawa Prefecture than to Tokyo Metropolis, to which it administratively belongs.
Pristavica pri Velikem Gabru
Pristavica pri Velikem Gabru (pronounced [pɾiˈstaːʋitsa pɾi ˈʋeːlikɛm ˈɡaːbɾu]) is a small settlement west of Bič in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. The A2 Slovenian motorway runs along the southern edge of the settlement. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Bič, Trebnje
Bič (pronounced [ˈbitʃ]; German: Fitsch) is a village in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies just north of the Slovenian A2 motorway east of Ivančna Gorica. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Trebnje is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
The Real One
The Real One is the eighth and final studio album by American hip hop group 2 Live Crew. It was released on April 7, 1998, via Lil' Joe Records and, with the absence of Mr. Mixx, was produced by various producers. The album peaked at #59 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. By the time of this album, Mr. Mixx had again left the group and shortly after the release of this album, Brother Marquis left as well.

Its single "2 Live Party" featuring KC of KC and the Sunshine Band and Freak Nasty peaked at #52 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #9 on the Hot Rap Songs, and title single "The Real One" featuring Ice-T peaked at #60 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #9 on the Hot Rap Songs.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Jean Merrill
Jean Merrill (January 27, 1923 – August 2, 2012) was an American writer of children's books and editor, known best for The Pushcart War, a novel published in 1964. She died from cancer at her home in Randolph, Vermont, in 2012, aged 89.

The Lady who Loved Insects
The Lady who Loved Insects (虫めづる姫君, Mushi-mezuru Himegimi) is the twelfth-century Japanese tale of one who defies social convention and breaches the decorum expected of a Heian court lady. It is one of ten short stories in the collection Tsutsumi Chūnagon Monogatari.: xxii
Scotland's Regeneration Forum
Scotland's Regeneration Forum (SURF) is the independent regeneration forum for Scotland. It seeks to improve regeneration policy and practice and works closely with policy-makers in the Scottish Government and its agencies. The organisation was established in 1992 and has offices in Glasgow and Edinburgh.

One of SURF's main activities is the annual SURF Awards for Best Practice in Community Regeneration, which has been running since 1998. The SURF Awards are delivered in partnership with the Scottish Government.

SURF also operates a programme called the Alliance for Action, which supports practical regeneration activities in several Scottish places including Govan, Kirkcaldy and Rothesay.

Urban renewal
Urban renewal, also known as urban regeneration or urban redevelopment, is a set of government or private initiatives aimed at addressing urban decay, upgrading infrastructure, and revitalizing city neighborhoods. Typically, urban renewal involves clearing "blighted" areas, followed by new construction for housing, businesses, and public spaces. While such projects can modernize cities and stimulate economic growth, they are controversial due to frequent displacement of low-income and minority communities, a process known as gentrification.
Gemma Taccogna
Gemma Fane Taccogna (1923–2007) was an Italian-born American and Mexican visual artist and educator. She was known for her work in papier-mâché and ceramics, and as well as in painting. Her artwork became collector's items starting in the 1960s. She lived in Mexico City, Palos Verdes Estates, California, and Torrance, California for many years. Taccogna also went by the names Gemma Walker, Gemma Del Rio, and Gemma Sexton.

Peggy Guggenheim Collection
The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is an art museum on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro sestiere of Venice, Italy. It is one of the most visited attractions in Venice. The collection is housed in the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, an 18th-century palace, which was the home of the American heiress Peggy Guggenheim for three decades. She began displaying her private collection of modern artworks to the public seasonally in 1951. After her death in 1979, it passed to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, which opened the collection year-round from 1980.

The collection includes works of prominent Italian futurists and American modernists working in such genres as Cubism, Surrealism and abstract expressionism. It also includes sculptural works. In 2017, Karole Vail, a granddaughter of Peggy Guggenheim, was appointed the director of the collection, succeeding Philip Rylands, who led the museum for 37 years.
Volunteers in Africa Foundation
The Volunteers in Africa Foundation (V.I.A.) is an Oceanside, California-based, grassroots non-profit organization that works to improve education in Southern California and West Africa. Volunteers In Africa’s programs are designed to generate respect and appreciation for our cultural, racial and religious diversity and to also enrich the lives of our neighbors worldwide.  In the United States, V.I.A. provides cross-cultural educational experiences for teachers, students and community members.  In Africa, V.I.A. provides classroom materials, instructional supplies, volunteers and school construction and improvement.

Oceanside, California
Oceanside is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city had a population of 174,068 at the 2020 United States census, making it the most populous city in the North County region of San Diego. The city is a popular tourist destination, owing to its historic landmarks, beaches, and architecture.

Oceanside's origins date to 1798, when the Spanish founded the village of San Luis Rey with the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia by Fermín de Lasuén. During the Spanish period, Mission San Luis Rey grew to be the largest of all the Californian missions, but following the Mexican secularization act of 1833 the mission and its community declined. Following the U.S. conquest of California, the former mission lands were developed into an oceanfront resort and the community's name gradually changed to Oceanside.
Exponential family random graph models
Exponential family random graph models (ERGMs) are a set of statistical models used to study the structure and patterns within networks, such as those in social, organizational, or scientific contexts. They analyze how connections (edges) form between individuals or entities (nodes) by modeling the likelihood of network features, like clustering or centrality, across diverse examples including knowledge networks, organizational networks, colleague networks, social media networks, networks of scientific collaboration, and more. Part of the exponential family of distributions, ERGMs help researchers understand and predict network behavior in fields ranging from sociology to data science.

Network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components.

Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.

Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
Xie Mengyu
Xie Mengyu is a Chinese freestyle wrestler. She won one of the bronze medals in the 55 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. She won the gold medal in her event at the 2019 Asian Wrestling Championships held in Xi'an, China.

She competed in the 55 kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. She was eliminated in her first match by eventual bronze medalist Olga Khoroshavtseva of Russia.

She won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2023 Ibrahim Moustafa Tournament held in Alexandria, Egypt.

Olga Khoroshavtseva
Olga Nikolayevna Khoroshavtseva (Russian: Ольга Николаевна Хорошавцева; born 24 August 1994) is a Russian freestyle wrestler. She is a two-time gold medalist at the European Wrestling Championships. She also won a bronze medal in the women's 55 kg event at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Guangming station
Guangming station (Chinese: 光明站; pinyin: Guāngmíng zhàn) is a station of Line 6 and Line 6 Branch of the Shenzhen Metro. Line 6 platforms opened on 18 August 2020 and Line 6 Branch platforms opened on 28 November 2022. It was the southern terminus of Line 6 Branch until it was extended to Guangmingcheng on 28 September 2025.

Guangmingcheng railway station
Guangmingcheng railway station (Chinese: 光明城站; pinyin: Guāngmíngchéng Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Gwōngmìhngsìhng Jaahm; lit. 'Bright City railway station') is a railway station of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link and is located in Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
XDA Flame
The XDA Flame is a Pocket PC device (also called PDA or Personal Digital Assistant) first released in May 2007, produced by Arima Communications and originally distributed by O2 Asia Pacific & Middle East. This device belongs to a wide O2 Xda device family, including XDA Atom, XDA Atom Life, XDA Zinc, XDA Orbit (aka HTC Artemis), XDA Stealth, XDA II Mini (aka HTC Magician), XDA IIs (aka HTC Blueangel), XDA II (aka HTC Himalaya) and XDA (aka HTC Wallaby). It is one of the first Pocket PC device that was enabled with 3D accelerated graphics nVidia's GoForce 5500 graphic processor (GPU). XDA Flame is also a 3G enabled phone (UMTS 2100 / GSM 900 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900) with VGA touch screen, 2GB flash memory, 128MB RAM, Intel XScale PXA 270 520 MHz processor and integrated FM radio.

HTC Magician
The HTC Magician is a Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition PDA-phone, manufactured by High Tech Computer Corporation and released in December 2004. It is sold by many different vendors under the names of  Qtek S100, O2 Xda II Mini (Asia), O2 Xda mini (Germany), T-Mobile MDA compact, i-mate JAM, Vodafone VPA Compact, Dopod 818, Krome Spy, and Orange SPV M500. Despite the names and appearances all have the same hardware specifications. The i-mate Jam has a slightly different fascia which requires modification to be retrofitted to other magicians.

Among the first generation of Pocket PC phone devices to be designed with a small form factor, the Magician received much interest from consumers and largely positive comments from reviewers. As the O2 XDA II Mini, it received an "excellent" rating from CNET Asia, scoring 8.3 out of 10 points as well as winning CNET Asia's 2005 Reader's Choice Awards.
Green solvent
Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability-focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. Green solvents are developed as more environmentally friendly solvents, derived from the processing of agricultural crops or otherwise sustainable methods as alternatives to petrochemical solvents. Some of the expected characteristics of green solvents include ease of recycling, ease of biodegradation, and low toxicity.

Extraction (chemistry)
Stirrer bar

Still pot (the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the Soxhlet chamber)

Distillation path

Thimble

Solid

Siphon top

Siphon exit

Expansion adapter

Condenser

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent. The term washing may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.
2022 Chicago Fire FC II season
The 2022 Chicago Fire FC II season was the club's inaugural season, and their 1st season competing in MLS Next Pro, a professional developmental league in the third tier of the United States Soccer pyramid.

MLS Next Pro
MLS Next Pro (MLSNP) is a men's professional soccer league in the United States and Canada that is affiliated with Major League Soccer (MLS). It launched in 2022 with 21 teams and now comprises 27 reserve sides of MLS clubs and two independent clubs (Carolina Core FC and Chattanooga FC). MLS Next Pro is classified as part of the third tier of the United States soccer league system.

As of the 2025 season, 27 of the 30 MLS teams held affiliations with an MLS Next Pro team, with only the CF Montréal, D.C. United, and San Diego FC having no such franchise affiliation.
Minister for Public Administration (Italy)
The minister of public administration (Italian: ministro per la pubblica amministrazione) in Italy is one of the positions in the Italian government.

The current minister for public administration is Paolo Zangrillo, of Forza Italia, who held the office since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.

Council of Ministers (Italy)
The Council of Ministers (Italian: Consiglio dei Ministri, CdM) is the principal executive organ of the Government of Italy. It comprises the President of the Council (the Prime Minister of Italy), all the ministers, and the Undersecretary to the Prime Minister. Deputy ministers (Italian: viceministri) and junior ministers (Italian: sottosegretari) are part of the government, but are not members of the Council of Ministers.
2022 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2022 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Slovenia, North Macedonia and Montenegro from 4 to 20 November 2022. The tournament was advanced a month in order not to coincide with the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. This tournament was the last to feature 16 teams that had been the case since 2002.

The top three team qualified for the 2023 World Championship and the winner will also qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Norway won their ninth title after defeating Denmark in the final. Bronze went to Montenegro, who defeated France at the extra time.

European Women's Handball Championship
The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national handball teams of Europe, and takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. As of December 2024, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (ten times), Denmark (three times), Hungary, Montenegro and France (each once).
Flesh Tone
Flesh Tone is the fifth studio album by American singer Kelis, released on May 14, 2010, by the will.i.am Music Group and Interscope Records. Recorded while the singer was unsigned and pregnant with her first child, the album is an ode to motherhood and marks a distinct departure from the R&B sound of her previous albums. The album features production from David Guetta, Boys Noize, Jean Baptiste, and Benny Benassi, amongst others.

Flesh Tone is an electronic dance, dance-pop, and electropop album that incorporates elements of house, synth-pop, and dancehall. The record serves as Kelis' debut with Interscope Records under the will.i.am Music Group. Contemporary music critics praised the album for being cohesive as well as refreshing and lean. Flesh Tone spawned four singles, including "Acapella" and "4th of July (Fireworks)", which were successful on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart and the UK Dance Singles Chart.

Damien LeRoy
Damien LeRoy, sometimes known professionally by the alias DJ Ammo, is an American disc jockey and music producer from Los Angeles, California. He has co-produced "The Time (Dirty Bit)" along with three other songs from The Black Eyed Peas' sixth studio album, The Beginning, and "4th of July (Fireworks)" by Kelis. He produced the song "Touch the Sky" by Sean Paul, which was included in his fifth studio album, Tomahawk Technique. He also co-wrote and co-produced the song "Tik Tik Boom" by Britney Spears for her eighth studio album, Britney Jean.
Shear modulus
In solid mechanics, the shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain:

The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form is M1L−1T−2, replacing force by mass times acceleration.

Dynamic modulus
Dynamic modulus (sometimes complex modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain under vibratory conditions (calculated from data obtained from either free or forced vibration tests, in shear, compression, or elongation).  It is a property of viscoelastic materials.