hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caponier
A caponier is a type of defensive structure in a fortification. Fire from this point could cover the ditch beyond the curtain wall to deter any attempt to storm the wall. The word originates from the French caponnière, meaning "chicken coop" (a capon is a castrated male chicken).

In some types of bastioned fortifications, the caponier served as a means of access to the outworks, protecting troops from direct fire; they were often roofless. Although they could be used for firing along the ditch, the flanks of the bastions were the main defence of the ditch by fire. In later polygonal forts, caponiers were often roofed and were not intended as a type of covered way, but as the main way of keeping the ditch clear of a besieger.

Brest Fortress
Brest Fortress (Belarusian: Брэсцкая крэпасць, romanized: Bresckaja krepasć; Russian: Брестская крепость, romanized: Brestskaya krepost; Polish: Twierdza brzeska; Lithuanian: Bresto tvirtovė), formerly known as Brest-Litovsk Fortress, is a 19th-century fortress in Brest, Belarus. In 1965, the title Hero Fortress was given to the fortress to commemorate the defence of the frontier stronghold during the first week of Operation Barbarossa, when  Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. The title "Hero Fortress" corresponds to the title "Hero City" that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union awarded to twelve Soviet cities.
Waterfront Alliance
The Waterfront Alliance or Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance (MWA) is a nonprofit organization that works to influence the development and use of the waterfront, shoreline, and connected upland areas of the Port of New York and New Jersey and the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary. It was created as a project by the Municipal Art Society in 1999 and in 2007 it became an independent nonprofit organization.

Port of New York and New Jersey
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the port district of the New York–Newark metropolitan area, encompassing a region within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

It includes the system of navigable waterways in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, which runs along over 770 miles (1,240 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey, and is considered one of the largest natural harbors in the world.

Having long been the busiest port on the East Coast it became the busiest port by maritime cargo volume in the United States in 2022  and is a major economic engine for the region.

The region's airports make the port the nation's top gateway for international flights and its busiest center for overall passenger and air freight flights. There are two foreign-trade zones (FTZ) within the port.
Dorothy Hinshaw Patent
Dorothy Hinshaw Patent (born April 30, 1940) is a teacher and author of over 100 children's nonfiction books such as: How Smart are Animals?,At Home with the Beaver, and Saving the Tasmanian Devil.  She lives in Missoula, Montana.

In 1964 she married Greg Patent.

Greg Patent
Greg Patent is an American cookbook author and baker. He also co-hosts a weekly radio show about food on Montana Public Radio, The Food Guys, with Jon Jackson, and has made guest appearances on television and radio programs throughout the United States.
Constant weight apnea
Constant weight (CWT) is a freediving discipline recognised by AIDA, the International Association for the Development of Apnea, in which the freediver descends and ascends using their monofin and/or with the use of their arms without pulling on the rope or changing their ballast; only a single hold of the rope to stop the descent and start the ascent is allowed. Constant weight is one of the eight disciplines considered for international competition, the others being constant weight bi-fins (CWTB), constant weight without fins (CNF), static apnea (STA), dynamic apnea without fins (DNF), dynamic with fins (DYN), free immersion (FIM), and dynamic apnea bi-fins (DYNB).

Free immersion apnea
Free immersion (FIM) is an AIDA International freediving discipline in which the freediver dives under water without the use of propulsion equipment, but only by pulling on the rope during descent and ascent.

Performances may be done head first or feet first during the descent, or a combination of the two.

The current record holders are Petar Klovar (Croatia) with a depth of 132m (433 feet) (CMAS rules), set on 6 Oct 2022 in Kaş, Antalya, Turkey, Alexey Molchanov (Russia) with a depth of 132 meters (433 feet) (AIDA rules), set on 21 July 2023 in Dean's Blue Hole, Bahamas, and among female freedivers  Sayuri Kinoshita (Japan) with 97 meters (318 feet), set on 26 July 2018 in the Bahamas (CMAS rules), Fatima Korok (Hungary), set on 26 July 2023 in the Bahamas (102m, AIDA rules).
Assegaaibosch Nature Reserve
Assegaaibosch Nature Reserve is a historic estate and currently a CapeNature nature reserve and World Heritage Site situated in the Jonkershoek Valley near Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The historic estate was established by Dirk Coetsee, the progenitor of the Coetsee family in South Africa.

Eerste River
The Eerste River, located in the Western Cape, South Africa, rises on Dwarsberg 60 km east of Cape Town at the head of Jonkershoek valley. The Eerste River catchment covers the eastern part of the Cape Flats lying to the west of the Hottentots Holland Mountains and south of the Tygerberg where the Kuils River tributary rises east of Kanonkop. The Eerste River is a short river; its length has been given as 40 km. The major tributary, Kuils River, is approximately 30 km long to its point of confluence with the Eerste River.

For a significant part of its course, the river flows through the City of Cape Town.

A population of the endangered local endemic Berg River Redfin (Pseudobarbus burgi) was found in the Eerste River, but may be extinct in this river system.
Sand Dollar Beach
Sand Dollar Beach is a .5 miles (0.80 km) long beach in Big Sur, California, one of the longest publicly accessible beaches on that coast. It is within the Los Padres National Forest.  The beach is 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north of the small commercial center of Gorda and 38.5 miles (62.0 km) north of Cambria. It is 25 miles (40 km) south of Big Sur Village on Highway 1.

Los Padres National Forest
Los Padres National Forest is a United States national forest in southern and central California. Administered by the United States Forest Service, Los Padres includes most of the mountainous land along the California coast from Ventura to Monterey, extending inland. Elevations range from sea level to 8,847 feet (2,697 m).
Vysoká hole
Vysoká hole (German: Hohe Heide) is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of 1,465 m (4,806 ft) above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Malá Morávka, on the historical border between Silesia and Moravia.

Praděd
Praděd (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpraɟɛt]; German: Altvater; Polish: Pradziad; literally "great grandfather") (1,490.8 metres (4,891 ft)) is the highest mountain of the Hrubý Jeseník mountains, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Upper Silesia and is the fifth-highest mountain of the Czech Republic. The highest point of Moravia is located near the summit of Praděd; but the summit itself is in Czech Silesia.

The average annual temperature is about 1 °C (34 °F). A television transmitter is situated on the top, 162 m (531 ft) high. The upper platform is used as a watchtower. The mountain is also a popular area for skiing.
Paulo da Silva
Paulo César da Silva Barrios (born 1 February 1980) is a Paraguayan former professional international footballer who played as a centre-back. He is one of the players in football with most official appearances ever with over 1,039 official appearances.

He played top-flight football in Mexico, Paraguay, Spain, England, Italy and Argentina, mostly in Mexico, where in 2015 became a naturalized Mexican citizen.

He played for the Paraguay national team from 2000 to 2017, and is their most-capped player of all time, earning over 100 caps, with the Paraguayan Football Association recognizing 150 caps, but FIFA 148. He played at two World Cups and four Copa América tournaments, helping his country finish as runners-up in the 2011 Copa América.

A player highly regarded, in December 2023, featured in a legends match organized by CONMEBOL.

APF División de Honor
The División de Honor or División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank, is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in the first division.

The most successful club is Olimpia, with 47 championships. Cerro Porteño are the most recent champions, having won the 2025 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America.
Kaimarama River
The Kaimarama River is a river of New Zealand's Coromandel Peninsula. It flows from its source within Coromandel Forest Park, joining with the Mahakirau River to flow into Whitianga Harbour on the peninsula's east coast.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
Winthrop Street station
The Winthrop Street station is a station on the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located in Brooklyn at the intersection of Winthrop Street and Nostrand Avenue. The station is served by the 2 train at all times and the 5 train on weekdays.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Zoo Atlanta
Zoo Atlanta (sometimes referred to as the Atlanta Zoo) is an Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) accredited zoo in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The current president and CEO of Zoo Atlanta is Raymond B. King.

Bali myna
The Bali myna (Leucopsar rothschildi), also known as Rothschild's mynah, Bali starling, or Bali mynah, locally known as jalak Bali, is a medium-sized (up to 25 cm (9.8 in) long), stocky myna, almost wholly white with a long, drooping crest, and black tips on the wings and tail. The bird has blue bare skin around the eyes, greyish legs and a brown and yellow bill. Both sexes are similar. It is critically endangered and in 2020, fewer than 50 adults were assumed to exist in the wild.
HMS Raisonnable (1768)
HMS Raisonnable (sometimes spelt Raisonable) was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, named after the ship of the same name captured from the French in 1758. She was built at Chatham Dockyard, launched on 10 December 1768 and commissioned on 17 November 1770 under the command of Captain Maurice Suckling, Horatio Nelson's uncle. Raisonnable was built to the same lines as HMS Ardent, and was one of the seven ships forming the Ardent class of 1761. Raisonnable was the first ship in which Nelson served.

French ship Raisonnable
Raisonnable was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, launched in 1755.

On 29 May 1758 she was captured in the Bay of Biscay by HMS Dorsetshire and HMS Achilles at the action of 29 April 1758. Commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1759 under Captain John Montagu, she served in the Leeward Islands until 3 February 1762 when she grounded and was wrecked on a reef off the port of Martinique.
Cotswold Wildlife Park
51°46′25″N 1°39′15″W﻿ / ﻿51.77361°N 1.65417°W﻿ / 51.77361; -1.65417

The Cotswold Wildlife Park & Gardens exhibits over 260 different species of animals. The park is set in 160 acres (0.65 km2) of landscaped parkland and gardens 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Burford, on the A361, Oxfordshire, England. Around 350,000 people visited the park in 2012.

White-naped crane
The white-naped crane (Antigone vipio) is a bird in the crane family, Gruidae. It breeds in shallow wetlands and wet meadows in northeastern Mongolia, northeastern China, and adjacent areas of southeastern Russia. It is a large bird measuring 112–125 cm (44–49 in) long, about 130 cm (4.3 ft) tall, and weighing about 5.6 kg (12 lb), with pinkish legs, a grey-and-white-striped neck, and a red face patch.
Luis Miguel Ramis
Luis Miguel Ramis Monfort (born 25 July 1970) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mainly as a centre-back, currently manager of Segunda División club Burgos.

He amassed La Liga totals of 165 matches and eight goals over nine seasons, mainly in representation of Deportivo (three and a half years), Real Madrid and Tenerife (two apiece).

Copa Iberoamericana
The Copa Iberoamericana (English: Ibero-American Cup) or Copa Iberia was a one-off international football competition. It was created to face the champions of the Copa de Oro Nicolás Leoz and the Copa del Rey, as a result of an agreement signed between CONMEBOL and the Royal Spanish Football Federation.

It was disputed only once between Boca Juniors and Real Madrid in 1994, with the Spanish club prevailing 4–3 on aggregate. In 2015, CONMEBOL included Copa Iberoamericana in the list of its official competitions.
2021–22 Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball team represented the University of Colorado Boulder in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by head coach Tad Boyle in his twelfth season at Colorado. The Buffaloes played their home games at CU Events Center in Boulder, Colorado as members of the Pac-12 Conference. They finished the season 21–12, 12–8 in Pac-12 Play to finish in 4th place. They defeated Oregon in the quarterfinals of the Pac-12 tournament before losing in the semifinals to Arizona. They received an at-large bid to the National Invitation Tournament, where they lost in the first round to St. Bonaventure.

2021–22 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team represented the University of Oregon during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ducks, led by 12th-year head coach Dana Altman, played their home games at Matthew Knight Arena as members of the Pac–12 Conference.
Unimog
The Unimog (English: /ˈjuːnɪmɑːɡ/; German: [ˈʊnɪmɔk] [listenⓘ]) is a Daimler Truck line of multi-purpose, highly off-road-capable AWD vehicles produced since 1948.  Utilizing engine-driven power take-offs (PTOs), Unimogs have operated in the roles of tractors, light trucks and lorries, for snow plowing, in agriculture, forestry, rural firefighting, in the military, and even in rallying and as recreational vehicles.

Mercedes-Benz OM636 engine
The Mercedes-Benz OM636 is a diesel engine that was produced by Daimler-Benz from 1948 until 1990. Being the successor to the OM138, the OM636 has been used both as a passenger car engine and as an industrial engine. It saw its first use in the Boehringer Unimog in 1948, prior to its official introduction in the 1949 Mercedes-Benz W136. Throughout the 1950s, the OM636 was widely used in the Mercedes-Benz W120. In 1958, it was succeeded by the OM621 passenger car engine. However, after the introduction of the OM621, the OM636 was kept in production for industrial vehicles such as small lorries, boats, and combine harvesters, until 1990.

The abbreviation OM means Oelmotor (oil engine), and stands for a Daimler-Benz engine that uses any kind of light fuel oil as fuel (diesel engine).
Priče o vremenu
Priče o vremenu (trans. Tales of Time) is the first studio album by Serbian heavy metal band Alogia, released in 2002.

The song "Zar sunce već zalazi" is a Serbian language cover of Conception song "Roll the Fire", and the song "Sećanje na slike iz sna" is a cover of Pretty Maids song "A Place in the Night".

The cover art was designed by the band members, Ivan Vasić and the Branković brothers, except for the Alogia logo, designed by Christophe Szpajdel.

Srđan Branković
Srđan Branković (born August 10, 1981) is a Serbian guitar player and producer, best known as the member of the progressive/power metal band Alogia. He has had many performances with Alogia, most notably with the Symphony Orchestra and Vojkan Borisavljevic, as well as before the bands Whitesnake, Savatage, Apocalyptica, and in Bulgaria he performed in the backing band Michael Matijevic. In 2008 he was a guest on Shadow Gallery album, "Digital Ghost". In 2021, under the auspices of Frontiers Records, he will start a new band The Big Deal. In 2022, he appeared as a guitarist in the line-up on the first solo album of Rainbow singer Ronnie Romero. He also appeared as a representative / guitarist of his country on the Vivaldi Metal project, in a guitar duo with Chris Caffery.
Paul Gallagher (barrister)
Paul Gallagher SC (born 20 March 1955) is an Irish barrister who was Attorney General of Ireland from 2007 to 2011 and again between 2020 and 2022. During his first term as Attorney General, there was a period of significant economic difficulty in the Republic of Ireland, causing him to advise on the bank guarantee scheme, the establishment of the National Asset Management Agency and the Troika programme.

He has led a successful career as a barrister outside of Government. He has frequently appeared in the Irish courts on matters involving commercial and constitutional law.

Attorney General of Ireland
The attorney general of Ireland (Irish: An tArd-Aighne) is a constitutional officer who is the legal adviser to the Government and is therefore the chief law officer of the State. The attorney general is not a member of the Government but does participate in cabinet meetings when invited and attends government meetings. The current attorney general is Rossa Fanning, SC.
Retno Marsudi
Retno Lestari Priansari Marsudi (born 27 November 1962) is an Indonesian diplomat who formerly served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet of Joko Widodo between 2014 and 2024. She is the first female minister appointed to the post. She was previously the Indonesian Ambassador to the Netherlands from 2012 to 2014, as well as Ambassador to Iceland and Norway from 2005 to 2008.

Royal Norwegian Order of Merit
The Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Fortjenstorden (Bokmål) or Den Kongelege Norske Fortenesteordenen (Nynorsk)) was instituted by King Olav V in 1985.  It is awarded to foreigners,  Norwegian citizens living abroad, Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomats, foreign civil servants in Norway, and Norway's honorary consuls for "outstanding service in the interests of Norway". Its counterpart, the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, is generally only awarded to Norwegian citizens living in Norway.
Bidar South Assembly constituency
Bidar South Assembly constituency is one of the seats in Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India. It is a segment of Bidar Lok Sabha constituency and is a part of Bidar district.

Shailendra Beldale is the current MLA from Bidar South.

Bidar Lok Sabha constituency
Bidar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state in India. This constituency came into existence in 1962. It was reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes till 2008. It comprises the entire Bidar district and part of Kalaburagi district.
Prudential Headquarters
Prudential Financial is based in Newark, New Jersey, United States. It began as The Widows and Orphans Friendly Society in 1875, and for a short time it was called the Prudential Friendly Society. For many years after 1877 it was known as the Prudential Insurance Company of America, a name still widely in use. The company has constructed a number of buildings to house its offices in downtown in the Four Corners district. In addition to its own offices, the corporation has financed large projects in the city, including Gateway Center and Prudential Center. Prudential has over 5,000 employees in the city.

Gateway Center (Newark)
The Gateway Center is a commercial complex in Newark, New Jersey. Located downtown just west of Newark Penn Station between Raymond Boulevard and Market Street;,McCarter Highway runs through the complex. Skyways and pedestrian malls interconnect all of the office towers, a Hilton Hotel, the train station, and the Newark Legal Center. Built in phases in the late 20th century, the complex comprises some of the tallest buildings in the city, two designed by Victor Gruen Associates and two by Grad Associates.
Critical community size
The critical community size (CCS) is the minimum size of a closed population within which a human-to-human, non-zoonotic pathogen can persist indefinitely.

When the size of the closed population falls below the critical community size level, the low density of infected hosts causes extinction of the pathogen. This epidemiologic phenomenon was first identified during measles outbreaks in the 1950s.

The critical community size depends on:

Speed of transmission

How long until a person who has recovered remains immune

Fatality rate

Birth and death rate in the general population

Disease outbreak
In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. The number of cases varies according to the disease-causing agent, and the size and type of previous and existing exposure to the agent. Outbreaks include many epidemics, which is a term normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease.  They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries. Pandemics are near-global disease outbreaks when multiple and various countries around the Earth are soon infected.
Aron's Absurd Armada
Aron's Absurd Armada is a Korean manhwa series by MiSun Kim. Originally published as a yonkoma webcomic, it has been serialized by Daewon between 2008 and 2012 in five volumes. The series is licensed in North America by Yen Plus in full color, and a collection of three omnibus volumes. The series revolves around the adventures of a gang of pirates led by idiotic Lord Aron Cornwall.

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.