hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fauconnier Patent
The Fauconnier Patent was a royal land patent granted in 1705 in Dutchess County, Province of New York.  It was the twelfth of fourteen granted between 1685 and 1706 that came to comprise the entirety of the historic county footprint (which until 1812 included today's Putnam County).

The first ten, granted between 1685 and 1697, covered almost all of Hudson River shoreline in the original county, with three - Rombouts, the Great Nine Partners, and Philipse Patents - extending significantly inland. The eleventh, and smallest, Cuyler (1697), was the first to contain solely inland territory, just in from the Hudson. The twelfth, and next smallest, Fauconnier (1705), completed the Hudson River shoreline.  The last two, Beekman (1705), and the Little Nine Partners (1706), laid claim to the remaining interior lands.

Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site is a historic house museum in Hyde Park, New York, United States. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1940, it is owned and operated by the National Park Service.

The property, historically known as Hyde Park, was one of several homes owned by Frederick William Vanderbilt and his wife Louise Holmes Anthony. The 54-room Vanderbilt mansion was designed by the preeminent architectural firm McKim, Mead & White. It was built between 1896 and 1899. The house is an example of the Beaux-Arts architecture style. The interiors are archetypes of the American Renaissance, blending European architectural salvage, antiques, and fine period reproductions representing an array of historical styles. The site includes 211 acres (85 ha) of the original larger property (once around 600 acres) situated on a bluff overlooking the Hudson River and includes manicured lawns, formal gardens, woodlands, and numerous auxiliary buildings.
Kentucky's 14th Senate district
Kentucky's 14th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the central part of the state, it comprises the counties of LaRue, Marion, Nelson, Spencer, and Washington. It has been represented by Jimmy Higdon (R–Lebanon) since 2009. As of 2023, the district had a population of 113,776.

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Camberwell Junction
Camberwell Junction is a major intersection in Camberwell, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia. Burke, Riversdale and Camberwell Roads meet here on six different legs. Trams that pass through the junction run on the routes 70, 72 and 75.

Melbourne tram route 72
Melbourne tram route 72 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Melbourne University to Camberwell. The 16.8 kilometre route is operated out of Malvern depot with Z and D class trams.
Fullofaudes
Fullofaudes was a Dux Britanniarum, a military leader in Roman Britain in the later fourth century.

He was either killed or besieged by the barbarian invaders during the Great Conspiracy and replaced by Dulcitius when Count Theodosius came to Britain in 369 to restore order.

He was probably defeated in the north of Britain; the outpost forts north of Hadrian's Wall were abandoned at this time. It may be that his own troops rebelled under him and switched allegiance to the enemy; Ammianus' description is unclear.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
Goulburn (region)
The Goulburn subregion is part of the Hume region in north eastern Victoria. 
It includes the municipalities of City of Greater Shepparton, Shire of Mitchell, Shire of Moira, Shire of Murrindindi, Shire of Strathbogie

Shire of Murrindindi
The Shire of Murrindindi is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 3,880 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) and, in August 2021, had a population of 15,197. It includes the towns of Alexandra, Buxton, Eildon, Flowerdale, Kinglake, Marysville, Molesworth, Strath Creek, Taggerty, Yarck and Yea.

The Shire is governed by the Murrindindi Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Alexandra, it also has service centres located in Kinglake and Yea. The Shire is named after the locality of Murrindindi, which is located near the geographical centre of the LGA.

The Lake Mountain ski resort is an unincorporated area near the southern border of the shire, which creates a small exclave.
Lemi, Ethiopia
Lemi is a town in central Ethiopia, located in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, about 125 kilometers north of Addis Ababa on the paved way to Alem Ketema. Its 1994 population was 2,789. Lemi is a capital of Ensaro wereda. Lemi was founded by ras Andarge. The main Lemi economy is agriculture and trade.

About 70% of Lemi's rainfall occurs in July and August each year, with the rest of the year being largely dry.

Alem Ketema
Alem Ketema (Amharic: ዓለም ከተማ) is a town in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is the administrative centre of Merhabete woreda. The official spelling is 'Alem Ketema (with initial diacritical), and alternative spellings are Alem Catema and Alām Katma.

In 1993, a project was established to build a 675km road from Alem Ketema to Sekota.
Social Mobility Commission
The Social Mobility Commission (SMC), formerly the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission (2012–2016) and originally the Child Poverty Commission (2010–2012), is an independent advisory non-departmental public body of the UK Government. Originally sponsored by the Department for Education (DfE), the commission moved to the Cabinet Office on 1 April 2021. It now operates under the sponsorship of the Minister for Women and Equalities as part of the Equality Hub, which also includes the Government Equalities Office, the Race Disparity Unit, and the Disability Unit.

The SMC was established under the Life Chances Act 2010 (formerly the Child Poverty Act 2010), and its statutory role is to monitor progress in improving social mobility in the UK and to promote social mobility in England.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Pseudopyrenula hexamera
Pseudopyrenula hexamera is a species of bark-dwelling,  crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is distinguished within its genus by having five-septate spores, a unique feature among Pseudopyrenula species. The species is known only from Venezuela, where it was collected in lowland Amazonian rainforest.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
1986–87 Arkansas State Indians men's basketball team
The 1986–87 Arkansas State Indians men's basketball team was Arkansas State University from Jonesboro, Arkansas in the 1986–87 season. Led by third year head coach Nelson Catalina, Arkansas State made their first postseason appearance since their transition to NCAA Division I in 1975. Catalina remained head coach at ASU until 1995. Arkansas State faced University of Arkansas in the first round of the NIT, their only meeting in men's basketball.

1986–87 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
The 1986–87 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1986-87 season. Led by head coach Nolan Richardson, the Razorbacks would manage a 19–14 record, and a trip to the second round of the NIT. This season, although not the NCAA Tournament, was Arkansas' first postseason tournament under Richardson. The first of many, including a national championship in 1994. The Razorbacks competed in and placed 5th in the Southwest conference.
1344 Yellow River flood
The 1344 Yellow River flood was a major natural disaster during the Yuan dynasty of Imperial China. The impact was devastating both for the peasants of the area as well as the leaders of the empire. The Yuan dynasty was waning, and the emperor conscripted enormous teams to build new embankments for the river. The harsh working conditions helped fuel rebellions that led to the founding of the Ming dynasty.

The Yellow River had shifted south of the Shandong Peninsula during the 1194 flood near the end of the Jin, but this flood shifted it from the course of one previous river to another's. The river remained on various courses south of Shandong for the next five hundred years until floods in the 1850s returned it to its more northerly course.

1851–1855 Yellow River floods
The 1851–1855 Yellow River floods were a series of natural disasters along the Yellow River in China, culminating in the 1855 channel change event. Some data is missing from this period, especially 1854. but it seems that water levels were high for most of 1851-1855.

The Yellow River had flowed along various courses south of the Shandong Peninsula since the disastrous floods of 1194. These mid-19th century floods reversed that, shifting the river into a path north of Shandong once again and causing it to empty into the Bohai Sea near Tianjin rather than the Yellow Sea on the Jiangsu coast.

This natural disaster is thought to have been a major cause of the Taiping Rebellion and Nian Rebellion.
UNICOS
UNICOS is a range of Unix and later Linux operating system (OS) variants developed by Cray for its supercomputers. UNICOS is the successor of the Cray Operating System (COS). It provides network clustering and source code compatibility layers for some other Unixes. UNICOS was originally introduced in 1985 with the Cray-2 system and later ported to other Cray models. The original UNICOS was based on UNIX System V Release 2, and had many Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) features (e.g., computer networking and file system enhancements) added to it.

Dennis Ritchie
Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – c. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He created, together with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system, C programming language, and B programming language.
Kaniaga
Kaniaga is a historical region in western Mali and southern Mauritania between the upper Senegal River and the Niger bend, derived from a Malinke term which means 'north'. Defined broadly, it includes all the Soninke-inhabited lands, including Wagadou, Bakhounou, Kingui, Guidioume, Diafounou, Guidimakha and Gajaaga.

Depending on the historical period being discussed, the term can be used in various different ways. In chronological order, it can refer to the Sosso Empire, a province of the Mali Empire, the semi-independent Kingdom of Diarra, a province between Wagadou proper and Beledougou, or to the western part of Khasso.

Kingui is the Pulaar term for the region.

Beledougou
Beledougou (fr. Bélédougou) is an historic region of the pre-colonial Bambara Empire in today's central Mali. In the Bambara language the name literally means "County of the gravel".

A dry land on the interface of the Sahel and the wetter Sudan, it was populated by a loose confederation Bambara farming communities. Its area falls in today's Koulikoro Region, primarily in Kolokani Cercle, Koulikoro Cercle, Banamba Cercle, and parts of Nara Cercle. Much of pre-colonial Beledougou remained staunchly animist after the fall of the Bambara Empire. In 1915, it was the scene of a major revolt against French forced conscription, in a rising led by Koumi Diosse Traore.
Gelibolu
Gelibolu is a town in Çanakkale Province of the Marmara region, located in Eastern Thrace in the European part of Turkey.  It is located on the southern shore of the peninsula named after it on the Dardanelles strait, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from Lapseki on the other shore. It is the seat of Gelibolu District. Its population is 31,782 (2021).

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Phu Kham mine
The Phu Kham mine is a large copper mine in the south of Laos in Xaisomboun Province. Phu Kham is one of the largest copper reserves in the world, having estimated reserves of 450 million tonnes of ore grading 0.54% copper, 3.46 million oz of gold, and 30.2 million oz of silver.

Xaisomboun province
Xaisomboun (Lao: ໄຊສົມບູນ, pronounced [sáj.sǒm.bùːn]) is a province in central Laos, between Vientiane province and Xiangkhouang province. Xaisomboun town in Anouvong District is the economic centre. There are copper and gold mining operations at Sana Somboun.
Nang Ka Teih
Founded by the people of Chin (Zo), Nang Ka Teih is a town ward within Sagain Division or next to Khampat town in the Myanmar state of Chin and Sagain Division. It has a very high concentration of the religion. Nang Ka Teih is one of the best location in Chin State and listed among the peace area.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
Jan Mortel
Jan Mortel (baptized 16 October 1652 – 15 October 1719) was a Dutch Golden Age flower painter.

Mortel was born and died in Leiden.  He was a pupil of Jan Porcellis van Delden and became a master in the Leiden Guild of St. Luke in 1675. Mortel painted primarily still lifes, often combining fruits and flowers with insects and butterflies. Some of his works were copies after Abraham Mignon or Mignon's teacher Jan Davidsz de Heem. In 1690 he was appointed as Leiden University's official artist for their Hortus Botanicus Leiden, where he worked closely with the prefect, which position was filled from 1709 by Herman Boerhaave.

Leiden Guild of St. Luke
The Leiden Guild of Saint Luke refers to three artist collectives in Leiden; the Leidsche St. Lucas Gilde dating from 1648, the newer Leidse Tekenacademie established in 1694, and the collective known as Ars Aemula Naturae (art competes with nature) established in 1799.
18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Marmaduke's)
The 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment or the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment (also known as "Marmaduke's regiment") was an infantry formation of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

The unit was also briefly identified as the 1st Arkansas Infantry Battalion. The unit was most often referred to as the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment. The designation "Confederate Infantry Regiment" was intended to convey the difference between Provisional Confederate Army units and Regular Confederate Army Units, with Provisional units being those regiments who received a state designation such as "XX Arkansas Infantry Regiment". In practice, the designation was most often utilized when Regiments were assembled utilizing companies from more than one Confederate state. The "3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment" is occasionally misidentified as the 3rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Van H. Manning.

Battle of Rowlett's Station
The Battle of Rowlett's Station (also known as Battle of Woodsonville or Green River) was a land battle in the American Civil War, fought at the railroad whistle-stop of Rowlett's in Hart County, Kentucky, on December 17, 1861. The outcome was inconclusive, although the Union Army continued to hold its objective, a railroad bridge across the Green River.
Gumbo (PJ Morton album)
Gumbo is the fourth and first self-released studio album by American singer-songwriter PJ Morton. It was released on April 14, 2017, by Morton Records, as the follow-up to his third studio album New Orleans (2013). The record incorporates R&B styles with elements of older soul music; its lyrics discuss themes of romance and explores political and personal themes. The album is entirely produced by Morton himself and features guest appearances by Pell, BJ the Chicago Kid and R&B singer Anthony Hamilton's back-up group, The HamilTones. The album features a cover of the Bee Gees' "How Deep Is Your Love".

Gumbo did not manage to enter on the US Billboard 200 chart but, upon its release, it received positive reviews from most music critics, who complimented Morton's style and praised him for his singing and songwriting.

Gumbo earned Morton two Grammy nominations for Best R&B Album and Best R&B Song at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards.

New Orleans (album)
New Orleans is the major-label debut studio album by American musician PJ Morton. The album was released on May 14, 2013, under Young Money, Cash Money and Republic Records. The album is primarily produced by PJ Morton and features guest appearances by Lil Wayne, Tweet, Stevie Wonder, Busta Rhymes and Adam Levine.
2022 Zambian Charity Shield
The 2022 Zambian Charity Shield (also known as The 2022 Atlas Mara Samuel ‘Zoom’ Ndhlovu Charity Shield for sponsorship reasons) was the 57th Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Super League and the ABSA Cup winners. The match was played by Red Arrows the champions of the 2021–22 season and the winners of the 2021 ABSA Cup, Lusaka Dynamos. Joseph Phiri's first-half strike won the match securing a notable 1–0 over Lusaka Dynamos for Red Arrows.

Zambian Charity Shield
The Zambian Charity Shield officially called  Samuel ‘Zoom’ Ndhlovu Charity Shield since 2003 is a season opener match between the champions of the previous Super League season and the holders of the ABSA Cup. If the Super League champions also won the ABSA Cup then the league runners-up provide the opposition. The fixture was first played in the 1967 season. The current holders are Red Arrows, who defeated Kabwe Warriors 2-1 in the 2024 match.
RecipeBridge
RecipeBridge is a vertical search engine for recipes, founded by Milwaukee-based entrepreneurs Andy Theimer and Bill
Brennan. It was established in December 2007 and a beta version was launched in 2008 which makes it the oldest recipe-dedicated search engine on the web.

The full version was launched in April, 2009. As of July 2011, it searches through 350 different recipe sites and blogs with over 1.7 million recipes.

RecipeBridge allows users to search and filter results by keyword, cuisine ingredient, meal, or occasion. The results page provides the
brief description of the recipes and a number of ingredients needed. The search results can be narrowed down by adding other ingredients.

In July 2011 RecipeBridge has been acquired by the global food advertising network Gourmet Ads with a goal "to build the largest recipe search engine, combining recipe sites, blogs, food brands and supermarkets into one destination".

Vertical search
A vertical search engine is distinct from a general web search engine, in that it focuses on a specific segment of online content. They are also called specialty or topical search engines. The vertical content area may be based on topicality, media type, or genre of content. Common verticals include shopping, the automotive industry, legal information, medical information, scholarly literature, job search and travel. Examples of vertical search engines include the Library of Congress, Mocavo, Nuroa, Trulia, and Yelp.

In contrast to general web search engines, which attempt to index large portions of the World Wide Web using a web crawler, vertical search engines typically use a focused crawler which attempts to index only relevant web pages to a pre-defined topic or set of topics. Some vertical search sites focus on individual verticals, while other sites include multiple vertical searches within one search engine.
Planosol
A Planosol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a light-coloured, coarse-textured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. In the US Soil Classification of 1938 used the name Planosols, whereas its successor, the USDA soil taxonomy, includes most Planosols in the Great Groups Albaqualfs, Albaquults and Argialbolls.

Soil texture
Soil texture is the identifying quality of the upper layer of earth, which is composed of sand, silt and clay.Soil texture can be determined using qualitative methods such as texture by feel, and quantitative methods such as the hydrometer method based on Stokes' law.  Soil texture has agricultural applications such as determining crop suitability and to predict the response of the soil to environmental and management conditions such as drought or calcium (lime) requirements. Soil texture focuses on the particles that are less than two millimeters in diameter which include sand, silt, and clay. The USDA soil taxonomy and WRB soil classification systems use 12 textural classes whereas the UK-ADAS system uses 11.  These classifications are based on the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil.