hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eudokia (wife of Constantine V)
Eudokia (Greek: Εὐδοκία) was the third empress consort of Constantine V of the Byzantine Empire. According to the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, Eudokia was a sister-in-law of Michael Melissenos, strategos of the Anatolikon Theme. Her sister and brother-in-law were parents to Theodotus I of Constantinople.

Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
Mutilation was a common method of punishment for criminals in the Byzantine Empire, but it also had a role in the empire's political life. By blinding a rival, one would not only restrict his mobility but also make it almost impossible for him to lead an army into battle, then an important part of taking control of the empire. Castration was also used to eliminate potential opponents. In the Byzantine Empire, for a man to be castrated meant that he was no longer a man—half-dead, "life that was half death". Castration also eliminated any chance of heirs being born to threaten either the emperor's or the emperor's children's place at the throne. Other mutilations were the severing of the nose (rhinotomy), or the amputating of limbs.
Shangcheng Road station
Shangcheng Road (Chinese: 商城路; pinyin: Shāngchéng Lù) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 9. It began operation on December 31, 2009. It is located at the intersection of South Pudong Road and Shangcheng Road.

Line 9 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 9 is a southwest-northeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. The line runs from Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station in Songjiang District to Caolu in Pudong. The line is colored light blue on system maps.
Recombination (cosmology)
In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch during which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. Recombination occurred about 378000 years after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z = 1100). The word "recombination" is misleading, since the Big Bang theory does not posit that protons and electrons had been combined before, but the name exists for historical reasons since it was named before the Big Bang hypothesis became the primary theory of the birth of the universe.

Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering is the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, as described by classical electromagnetism. It is the low-energy limit of Compton scattering: the particle's kinetic energy and photon frequency do not change as a result of the scattering.  This limit is valid as long as the photon energy is much smaller than the mass energy of the particle: hν ≪ mc2, or equivalently, if the wavelength of the light is much greater than the Compton wavelength of the particle (e.g., for electrons, longer wavelengths than hard x-rays).
Princeton Christian Fellowship
The Princeton Christian Fellowship (PCF), formerly the Princeton Evangelical Fellowship (PEF), is a nondenominational Christian ministry at Princeton University whose purpose is "to help undergraduate and graduate students ... grow as believers and followers of Jesus Christ ... [and] to let the rest of the University community know the full message of Christianity so that others can come to believe and have faith in Jesus Christ."  Founded in 1931 by Dr. Donald B. Fullerton, a member of the Princeton University Class of 1913, the PCF is one of the oldest campus ministries of its type, predating the founding of Cru and Intervarsity by a decade or more.  PCF is one of the largest student organizations at Princeton University, and is currently led by the Rev. Chris Sallade, a member of the Princeton Class of 1994.

InterVarsity Christian Fellowship
InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA (IVCF) is an evangelical Christian student movement with affiliate groups on university campuses in U.S. It is a member of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students.

It is a collective campus ministry found in hundreds of American colleges whose collegiate members involve themselves in Christian student activist movements.
Mary Saxby
Mary Saxby (née Howell;  1738 – 20 December 1801) was a British vagrant whose writings were published as Memoirs of a female vagrant, written by herself. With illustrations [and a preface by S. Greatheed].

Vagrancy
Vagrancy is the condition of wandering homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in begging,  scavenging, or petty theft. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.

Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word  vagari, meaning "to wander". The term vagabond and its archaic equivalent vagabone come from Latin vagabundus ("strolling about"). In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
Bonita BPM
Bonita is an open-source business process management and low-code development platform created in 2001. Bonita technology was developed originally in 2001 by Miguel Valdés Faura, at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation, and subsequently transferred to Groupe Bull. In 2009, the Director of the BPM division, Miguel Valdes Faura, founded Bonitasoft, which is a French open-source software vendor.

Business Process Model and Notation
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model.

Originally developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), BPMN has been maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) since the two organizations merged in 2005. Version 2.0 of BPMN was released in January 2011, at which point the name was amended to Business Process Model and Notation to reflect the introduction of execution semantics, which  were introduced alongside the existing notational and diagramming elements. Though it is an OMG specification, BPMN is also ratified as ISO 19510. The latest version is BPMN 2.0.2, published in January 2014.
Carfury Standing Stone
Carfury Standing Stone is a standing stone in Penwith, Cornwall, about 4km northwest of Penzance. Also called Cuckoo Rock, the stone stands around 3m tall and is 0.7m wide by 0.4m thick.

The site was excavated between 31 December 1957 and 3 January 1958 by Peter Pool and Vivien Russell which found the stone had been erected in an elliptical pit and wedged in place using small stones. Little else was found but Russell did note a potential sister stone downhill which "would make a monument very similar to the Cuckoo Rock". The stone was designated a Scheduled Monument in June 1968.

It is within sight of Ding Dong Mine.

Penwith
Penwith (/ˌpɛnˈwɪθ/; Cornish: Pennwydh) is an area of Cornwall, England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former local government district, whose council was based in Penzance. The area is named after one of the ancient administrative hundreds of Cornwall which derives from two Cornish words, penn meaning 'headland' and wydh meaning 'at the end'.

Natural England have designated the peninsula as national character area 156 and named it West Penwith. It is also known as the Land's End Peninsula.
Loafy
Loafy is an American adult animated web series of animated shorts created by former SNL cast member and comedian Bobby Moynihan and made by Cartuna, which partnered with the company, Big Breakfast. It premiered on Comedy Central's digital platforms on August 8, 2020.

Jay Pharoah
Jared Antonio Farrow (born October 14, 1987), better known by his stage name Jay Pharoah, is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 2010 to 2016. In 2015, he was ranked the 55th greatest Saturday Night Live cast member by Rolling Stone magazine. He also voiced characters such as Meena's Grandfather in Sing (2016) and Noah in The Mitchells vs. the Machines (2021).
Portpatrick Lifeboat Station
Portpatrick Lifeboat Station is the base for Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboats at Portpatrick in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It opened in 1877 and today operates an all-weather lifeboat.

Portpatrick
Portpatrick is a village and civil parish in the historical county of Wigtownshire,  Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is located on the west coast of the Rhins of Galloway. The parish is about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) in length and 4 miles (6 km) in breadth, covering 9,300 acres (3,800 ha).
Officer 666 (1920 film)
Officer 666 is a lost 1920 American silent comedy film directed by Harry Beaumont and starring Tom Moore. It is based on a 1912 Broadway play that originally starred Wallace Eddinger. Versions of the story were filmed in 1914 and 1916. This version was produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
Farrokhabad-e Olya, Kuhdasht
Farrokhabad-e Olya (Persian: فرخ ابادعليا, also Romanized as Farrokhābād-e ‘Olyā; also known as Farrokhābād and Fakhrābād) is a village in Gol Gol Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 237, in 44 families.

Gol Gol Rural District
Gol Gol Rural District (Persian: دهستان گل گل) is in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Eshtareh-ye Gol Gol. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sepideh-ye Gol Gol.
Gert Fylking
Gert Åke Fylking (born 7 October 1945) is a Swedish actor, journalist, politician (Christian Democrat) and host of the radio programme Gert's Värld on Radio 1 101,9 FM, where he is known by the nickname of Fylking Sverige (a handle translatable as Your Man Fylking of Sweden). He has participated in many theatre productions, films and TV programmes. He is married to Tanja Fylking; they have six children and live in Stockholm. Among his friends are Robert Aschberg, Hasse Aro and Lennart Jähkel, and especially the late Christer Pettersson (since their childhood).

Hasse Aro
Hans-Göran "Hasse" Aro (born 8 September 1957) is a Swedish television host and producer, best known for hosting TV3's true crime television program Efterlyst.

Aro was born in Södertälje, Sweden, to Finnish parents.

Aro is a longtime host of TV3's true crime television program Efterlyst, which he has hosted since 1991. First from 1991 to February 2014, and then again since its relaunch in 2018.

Aro has won Kristallen awards for best male television host of the year in 2005 and 2007, for best television production in 2005 and 2008, and for best fact program of the year in 2013.
CopSSH
CopSSH is an implementation of OpenSSH for Windows. CopSSH offers both SSH client and server functionality and can be used for remote administration of Windows systems. CopSSH contains DLLs from the Cygwin Linux environment and a version of OpenSSH compiled from Cygwin. An administration GUI is also provided as of version 4.0.0.

SSH File Transfer Protocol
In computing, the SSH File Transfer Protocol, also known as Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), is a network protocol that provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream. It was designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an extension of the Secure Shell protocol (SSH) version 2.0 to provide secure file transfer capabilities, and is seen as a replacement of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) due to superior security. The IETF Internet Draft states that, even though this protocol is described in the context of the SSH-2 protocol, it could be used in a number of different applications, such as secure file transfer over Transport Layer Security (TLS) and transfer of management information in VPN applications.

This protocol assumes that it is run over a secure channel, such as SSH, that the server has already authenticated the client, and that the identity of the client user is available to the protocol.

The official URI scheme is sftp.
USS YMS-61
USS YMS-61 was a United States Navy YMS-1-class auxiliary motor minesweeper during World War II. She was laid down 23 September 1941 by the Gibbs Gas Engine Co. She was commissioned on 23 June 1942. Assigned to the Caribbean she operated in the former Netherlands Antilles. She was struck from the Naval Registry on 19 June 1946.

Auxiliary motor minesweepers
Auxiliary motor minesweepers were small wood-hulled minesweepers commissioned by the United States Navy for service during World War II.  The vessels were numbered, but unnamed.  The auxiliary motor minesweepers were originally designated yard minesweepers (YMS) and kept the abbreviation YMS after being re-designated. The type proved successful and eventually became the basis for the AMS type of United States Navy minesweeper.
Mount Shirshov
Mount Shirshov (66°51′S 51°37′E﻿ / ﻿66.850°S 51.617°E﻿ / -66.850; 51.617) is a small mountain lying 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Mount Selwood in the Tula Mountains, Enderby Land. The mountain was visited by geologists of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1961-62 who named it for P.P. Shirshov, a Soviet polar explorer.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Shirshov". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Selwood
Mount Selwood (66°54′S 51°30′E﻿ / ﻿66.900°S 51.500°E﻿ / -66.900; 51.500) is a mountain 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Pythagoras Peak, in the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for C.H.V. Selwood, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) of 1929–31.
Fuels Industry Association of South Africa
The Fuels Industry Association of South Africa (FIASA) is a South African association focused on the operations, continuation, and success of the country's petroleum industry.

FIASA actively engages with stakeholders involved in the industry, provides research and advice, and communicates the industry's stances to the public, the media, and the government.

Astron Energy
Astron Energy (often simply referred to as Astron) is a major South African petroleum company, based in Cape Town.

With over 850 gas stations, Astron is South Africa's second-largest consumer gas retailer. The company also operates gas stations in Botswana, as well as an oil refinery in Cape Town (the second-largest in South Africa), and a lubricant manufacturing plant in Durban.
2016–17 Charleston Southern Buccaneers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Charleston Southern Buccaneers men's basketball team represented Charleston Southern University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Buccaneers, led by 12th-year head coach Barclay Radebaugh, played their home games at the CSU Field House in North Charleston, South Carolina as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 12–19, 7–11 in Big South play to finish in a tie for seventh place. They defeated Presbyterian in the first round of the Big South tournament before losing to Winthrop in the quarterfinals.

2017 Big South Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Big South men's basketball tournament was the conference tournament for the Big South Conference. It was played between February 28, 2017 and March 5, 2017 at various campus sites. Winthrop defeated Campbell, 76–59, to win the tournament championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Nederbeat
Nederbeat (also: Nederbiet) is a genre of rock music that began with the Dutch rock boom in the mid-1960s influenced by British beat groups and rock bands such as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. Among the best-known Nederbeat groups are the Golden Earring, The Motions, The Outsiders and Shocking Blue.

Cuby + Blizzards
Cuby + Blizzards, also known as Cuby & the Blizzards, were a blues rock group from the Netherlands, founded in 1964 by vocalist Harry Muskee and guitarist Eelco Gelling. During the 1960s, the band's mixture of sound, drawing upon a variety of genres which included blues and rock and roll, gave them a pioneering sound which was completely different from any other Dutch band in the same period. The spelling of the name varies, with 'Cuby' also written as 'QB' and the ampersand (&) also written as 'and' or '+' and the 'and' sometimes left out. The spelling 'Cuby + Blizzards' was used on the first albums.
Noise in Your Head
Noise in Your Head is a four-CD and one-DVD compilation box set by The Humans, fronted by the British singer Toyah Willcox, credited to Toyah & The Humans. It was released in July 2020 by Edsel Records, and consists of the band's three studio albums: We Are the Humans (2009), Sugar Rush (2011) and Strange Tales (2014) with bonus material, a CD with a live concert recorded at the Scala in London in 2010, and a DVD with a live concert recorded at Trading Boundaries near Fletching, East Sussex in 2015 as well as bonus music videos.

Toyah announced the release of the box set via YouTube on 13 June 2020. The set is dedicated to The Humans member Bill Rieflin, who died earlier in 2020, and includes a previously unreleased 7-minute version of the King Crimson classic "21st Century Schizoid Man", one of Rieflin's last recordings. The song was released as a digital single, and Live at Trading Boundaries was released as a separate live album in 2021.

We Are the Humans
We Are the Humans is the debut studio album by the experimental rock band The Humans, consisting of Toyah Willcox, Bill Rieflin and Chris Wong. The album was released in 2009 via Willcox's label Vertical Species.
Kaipara Flats
Kaipara Flats is a locality in the Rodney District of New Zealand. Warkworth is 12 km to the east, Ahuroa to the south, and Tauhoa to the north-west. The North Auckland railway line passes through the area.

The economy is mostly sheep and cattle farming, with lifestyle blocks increasing in popularity. The Rodney Aero Club has an airfield nearby.

A bridle track was established to Glorit on the Kaipara Harbour in 1899, and part was improved to a dray road the following year.  The North Auckland Line reached Kaipara Flats from Ahuroa in 1906.

Kaipara Harbour
Kaipara Harbour is a large enclosed harbour estuary complex on the north western side of the North Island of New Zealand. The northern part of the harbour is administered by the Kaipara District and the southern part is administered by the Auckland Council. The local Māori tribe is Ngāti Whātua.

By area, the Kaipara Harbour is one of the largest harbours in the world. It covers 947 square kilometres (366 sq mi) at high tide, with 409 square kilometres (158 sq mi) exposed as mudflats and sandflats at low tide.

According to Māori tradition, the name Kaipara had its origins back in the 15th century when the Arawa chief, Kahumatamomoe, travelled to the Kaipara to visit his nephew at Pouto. At a feast, he was so impressed with the cooked root of the para fern, that he gave the name Kai-para to the district. Kaipara comes from the Māori kai meaning "food", and  para meaning "king fern".
Liutuan, Shandong
Liutuan (Chinese: 柳疃; pinyin: Liǔtuǎn) is a town in Changyi, Shandong, China. The town is mentioned as an example of the usage of the character 疃 (tuǎn) in the seventh edition of the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary and in the sixth edition of the Cihai Dictionary. As of 2018, it has 72 villages under its administration.

Changyi, Shandong
Changyi (Chinese: 昌邑; pinyin: Chāngyì) is a county-level city of Weifang, Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The city is 1627.5 square kilometers in area, with a household population of 581,000 as of 2010. The city is under the administration of the Changyi Municipal People's Government, with 3 neighborhoods, 6 towns, 691 administrative villages, and 1 special economic development zone. Changyi has a long history that extends back to the Spring and Autumn period.
Codex Eyckensis
The eighth-century Codex Eyckensis is a Gospel Book based on two constituent manuscripts that were bound as a single codex from (presumably) the twelfth century until 1988. The Codex Eyckensis is the oldest book in Belgium. Since the eighth century, it has been kept and preserved on the territory of the present-day municipality of Maaseik, in Belgium (hence the name "Eyckensis"). The book was probably produced in the scriptorium in the Abbey of Echternach. It is housed in the church of St Catherine in Maaseik.

Gospel Book
A Gospel Book, Evangelion, or Book of the Gospels (Greek: Εὐαγγέλιον, Evangélion) is a codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels of the Christian New Testament – normally all four – centering on the life of Jesus of Nazareth and the roots of the Christian faith. The term is also used for a liturgical book, also called the Evangeliary, from which are read the portions of the Gospels used in the Mass and other services, arranged according to the order of the liturgical calendar.

Liturgical use in churches of a distinct Gospel book remains normal, often compulsory, in Eastern Christianity, and very common in Roman Catholicism and some parts of Anglicanism and Lutheranism.
Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, an official football tournament between national representative selections was contested for the first time; football had been played between club teams at the Games of 1900 and 1904.

Like the hockey tournament, the rules allowed countries to enter up to four separate teams. Unlike hockey, Scotland, Wales and Ireland did not enter teams.
There were eight entries, including two from France (the main team and a B team). Hungary and Bohemia both withdrew after the draw and appointment of referees, leaving six teams to contest the tournament.

Great Britain won the gold medal representing the United Kingdom (Great Britain and Ireland), although all the players were from England.

Sophus "Krølben" Nielsen of Denmark set a record by scoring 10 goals in a 17–1 win over France A. The famous mathematician Harald Bohr, brother of the even more famous Niels Bohr, also played for Denmark, who won the silver medal.

Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, a field hockey tournament was contested for the first time. Six teams entered the tournament: England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Germany and France. England won the gold medal, Ireland the silver and Scotland and Wales were awarded bronze medals. All the medals were subsequently credited to Great Britain.