hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Tétouan
The history of Tétouan (or Tetouan) stretches over 2000 years to its origins as a Mauretanian Berber settlement named Tamuda, located at near present-day Tetouan by the south bank of the Martil Valley. The site later became a Phoenician trading post. During the time of Emperor Augustus, Tamuda became part of Roman province Mauritania Tingitana.

In 1286, the Marinids built a casbah and mosque there. The first large scale building project took place in 1305 when the settlement was expanded by the Marinid king Abu Thabit Amir. The city was later rebuilt and fortified by Ali al-Mandri.

Tetouan is a renowned multicultural center. The medina of Tetouan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. It has also been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of Crafts and Folk Art since 2017. It is currently a city of 380,787, the 11th largest in Morocco and part of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima administrative region.

Martil Valley
Martil Valley (Arabic: وادي مرتيل) is situated to the northeast of Tetouan, Morocco. It is about 10 to 15 km long.

The name comes from the river that crosses the valley, formerly known as Río Martín, during the Spanish protectorate period in the first half of the 20th century. The river flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the sea resort of Martil.
Yakovlev Yak-4
The Yakovlev Yak-4 (Service names Yak-4, BB-22bis (Blizhnij Bombardirovschik, russian ближний бомбардировщик, "short-range bomber")) was a Soviet light bomber used during World War II. It was developed from the Ya-22/Yak-2.

ShKAS machine gun
The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII, around 1800 RPM. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Irinarkh Komaritsky and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet fighters and bombers and served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon.
Kali (plant)
Kali was a genus of plants in the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae, that has now been subsumed into the genus Salsola.

Common names of various members of this genus include buckbush, rolypoly, tumbleweed for its wind-blown seed dispersal habit, and Tartar thistle and Russian thistle for its origins.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Akmola Region
Akmola Region is a centrally located region of Kazakhstan. It was known as Tselinograd Oblast during Soviet rule. Its capital is Kökşetau. The national capital, Astana, is enclosed by the region, but is politically separate from Aqmola Region. The region's population is 715,000; Kökşetau's is 157,000.

Some gold and coal mining occur in the area.

Regions of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is divided into 17 regions and 4 cities. The regions are further subdivided into districts. The four cities, Almaty, Baikonur, Shymkent, and the capital city Astana, do not belong to their surrounding regions.

The regions are also referred to as oblasts, which were one of the second-level subdivisions of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, there were 17 regions as of 1989.

On 16 March 2022, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that three new regions would be created. Abai Region was created from East Kazakhstan Region with its capital in Semey. Ulytau Region was created from Karaganda Region with its capital in Jezkazgan. Jetisu Region was created from Almaty Region with its capital in Taldykorgan; Almaty Region's capital was moved from Taldykorgan to Qonayev.
Gmina Kolbuszowa
Gmina Kolbuszowa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kolbuszowa County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kolbuszowa, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 170.59 square kilometres (65.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 24,486 (out of which the population of Kolbuszowa amounts to 9,172, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 15,314).

Kolbuszowa
Kolbuszowa [kɔlbuˈʂɔva] (Yiddish: קאלבאסאוו) is a small town in south-eastern Poland, with 88911 inhabitants (02.06.2009). 
Situated in the Sandomierz Forest in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, it is the capital of Kolbuszowa County. Kolbuszowa belongs to historic Lesser Poland, near its border with another historic region, Czerwień Cities/Red Ruthenia.
Goloe Pass
Goloe Pass (Bulgarian: проход Голое, ‘Prohod Goloe’ \'pro-hod go-'lo-e\) is the ice-covered saddle of elevation 2468 m between Enitsa Peak and Bruguière Peak on the side ridge that trends 9.15 km northeastwards from Mount Giovinetto on the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is part of the glacial divide between Rumyana Glacier to the southeast and Delyo Glacier to the northwest.

The pass is named after the ancient and medieval fortress of Goloe in Southeastern Bulgaria.

Delyo Glacier
Delyo Glacier (Bulgarian: Дельов ледник, romanized: Delyov lednik, IPA: [ˈdɛʎof ˈlɛdnik]) is the 8 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is situated northwest of Rumyana Glacier and south of Burdenis Glacier.  The glacier drains the north slopes of Mount Giovinetto and the east slopes of Mount Viets, flows northeastwards and together with Burdenis Glacier and Gerila Glacier joins upper Ellen Glacier north of Bruguière Peak.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian rebel leader Delyo Voyvoda (17–18th century).
Son of the Morning Star (film)
Son of the Morning Star is a 1991 American two-part Western television miniseries released by Chrysalis based on Evan S. Connell's best-selling 1984 book of the same name. It starred Gary Cole (George Armstrong Custer) and featured Dean Stockwell (General Philip Sheridan), Rosanna Arquette (Elizabeth Custer), Rodney A. Grant (Crazy Horse), Nick Ramus (Red Cloud), Buffy Sainte-Marie (voice of Kate Bighead), and Floyd Red Crow Westerman (Sitting Bull).

Alfred Terry
Alfred Howe Terry (November 10, 1827 – December 16, 1890) was a Union  general in the American Civil War and the military commander of the Dakota Territory from 1866 to 1869, and again from 1872 to 1886. In 1865, Terry led Union troops to victory at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher in North Carolina.
Grating lobes
For discrete aperture antennas (such as phased arrays) in which the element spacing is greater than a half wavelength, a spatial aliasing effect allows plane waves incident to the array from visible angles other than the desired direction to be coherently added, causing grating lobes.  Grating lobes are undesirable and identical to the main lobe.  The perceived difference seen in the grating lobes is because of the radiation pattern of non-isotropic antenna elements, which affects main and grating lobes differently.  For isotropic antenna elements, the main and grating lobes are identical.

Array factor
In the study of antennas, the array factor is a mathematical function that describes the signal of an antenna array as a combination of the signals of its individual antennas.
More precisely, the array factor is multiplied by the radiation pattern of an individual antenna to produce the pattern of the entire array.
This difference in the patterns is due to the constructive and destructive interference properties of radio waves.

The array factor depends on

the positions of the individual antennas in the array,

the complex weights (amplitudes and phases) being used to combine (or excite) the signals of the antennas, and

the direction of signal arrival (or transmission).

When the antenna weights are chosen appropriately, then the array factor has large magnitude for signals in the desired direction(s) and small in the direction(s) that the array operator wants to ignore.
This is how the beam of a phased array is steered.
John Frangoulis
John Frangoulis  is an American football coach. He was the head football coach at Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas for eight seasons, from 1996 until 2003. His coaching record at Baker was 45–39. His coaching philosophy and style was heavily influenced by prior Baker coach Charlie Richard.

Frangoulis had been an assistant at Baker and was promoted to head coach after the resignation of the previous coach Steve Schottel. He resigned from the position two days after the completion of the 2003 season. He then entered the high school coaching ranks in Florida.

Charlie Richard
Charles Allen Richard (May 30, 1941 – December 13, 1994) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Baker University from 1980 to 1990 and again from 1992 to 1994, compiling a record of 123–28–1.  Richard was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2004 and the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in 2006.

While at Baker, he coached future Green Bay Packers head coach Mike McCarthy.
Frans Figaroa
Francisco Dominico "Frans" Figaroa (3 September 1927 – 6 October 1993) was an Aruban politician who served as Lieutenant governor of Aruba from 1979 until 1982, figaroa previously served as President of the Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles (1973-1979) and Minister of Education of the Netherlands Antilles (1961-1962), Figaroa also served as chairman of the Aruba Football Federation and chairman of the Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee.

Island council (Netherlands Antilles)
An island council was the governing body of an island territory, an administrative level of the Netherlands Antilles until its dissolution.

Island councils existed for:

Aruba (until its secession from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986)

Bonaire

Curaçao

Saba

Sint Eustatius

Sint Maarten

The latter three were until 1 April 1983 governed by a single island council:

Windward Islands (Dutch: de Bovenwindse eilanden)
Freddie Mitchell (jazz musician)
Freddie Mitchell (April 8, 1918, Tampa, Florida – June 9, 2010, Mount Vernon, New York) was an American jazz musician and bandleader. A multi-instrumentalist, he began his career as a jazz pianist in his early teens and then became a clarinetist and a saxophonist; ultimately becoming most closely associated with the tenor saxophone. By 1941 he was playing in Benny Carter's band with whom he made his earliest recordings. He toured and made recordings with Fletcher Henderson and his band in 1941–1942; after which he worked with Hot Lips Page, Louis Armstrong, and Carter again before joining Ovie Alston's band in late 1942. He remained a part of that group through 1946. He then led his own band with whom he made albums on the Derby Records label, and toured the United States and Europe during the late 1940s and 1950s. He retired from full-time performance in the late 1950s and worked as a taxi driver. He did continue to play professionally part time, going by the nickname Taxi Mitchell.

Fletcher Henderson
James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson (December 18, 1897 – December 29, 1952) was an American pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music. He was one of the most prolific black musical arrangers and, along with Duke Ellington, is considered one of the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history. Henderson's influence was vast. He helped bridge the gap between the Dixieland and the swing eras. He was often known as "Smack" Henderson (because of smacking sounds he made with his lips).
The Only Way Is Essex series 31
The thirty-first series of the British reality television programme The Only Way Is Essex began airing on 3 September 2023 on ITVBe.

Filming for the series began in August 2023. The series saw the introduction of Amy Childs' twins after she gave birth in April 2023. It was reported that Chloe Brockett had been suspended from the series after throwing numerous glasses at co-star Roman Hackett. It was also reported that Tommy Mallet would return to make an appearance in the series after he was spotted filming. Bianca Gascoigne also appeared in the series.

The Only Way Is Essex
The Only Way Is Essex (often abbreviated as TOWIE /ˈtaʊi/) is a British reality television series based in Brentwood, Essex, England. It shows "real people in modified situations, saying unscripted lines but in a structured way." Broadcast on ITV2 from 2010, the series was moved to ITVBe in October 2014 and moved back to ITV2 in 2025. The first series consisted of 10 episodes and ran for 30 minutes, with a Christmas special following later in the year. Due to popularity, the runtime was extended to 45-minute episodes and renewed for a year's airing. On 22 May 2011, the series won the Audience Award at the 2011 BAFTA Awards.

On 13 March 2016, ITVBe aired a one-off documentary hosted by former cast member Mark Wright, discussing the history of the series. On 28 February 2017, with the announcement of the cast for the show's twentieth series, it was confirmed that instead of the usual three series per year, ITVBe would only be airing two series, but with more episodes.
Private education in Canada
There are a number of private schools in Canada, that provide elementary and secondary education. A number of private universities and colleges in Canada. The private education network in Canada is managed according to the requirements of the provincial laws applying to private education.

A number of private schools are based around a particular philosophy of education, such as Montessori, Waldorf, or some schools related to a particular religious community.  Private schools can be independently owned and managed, while others can be regrouped under school groups, that may can operate schools in more than one province, thus having the obligation to abide to particular provincial education laws.

Student financial aid in Canada
Student loans in Canada are government-supported financial aid programs designed to help post-secondary students cover the costs of their education. The federal government funds the Canada Student Loan Program (CSLP), which works in collaboration with provinces and territories. Some provinces operate their own student loan programs, while others integrate with the CSLP for streamlined assistance. In addition to government-backed loans, Canadian banks offer commercial loans tailored for students in professional programs.
Mary Jane Lamond
Mary Jane Lamond is a Canadian Celtic folk musician who performs traditional Canadian Gaelic folk songs from Cape Breton Island. Her music combines traditional and contemporary material. Lamond is the vocalist on Ashley MacIsaac's 1995 hit single "Sleepy Maggie", and "Horo Ghoid thu Nighean" was the first single from her 1997 album Suas e!.  Her 2012 collaboration with fiddler Wendy MacIsaac, Seinn, was named one of the top 10 folk and americana albums of 2012 by National Public Radio in the United States.

Beòlach
Beòlach is a Canadian traditional Celtic music group specialising in the fiddle and pipe music of their native Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, as well as Scotland and Ireland (amongst other influences). They have recorded and play both traditional and modern tunes. The group is perhaps most noted for their 2020 album All Hands, which was nominated for Traditional Folk Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2021, and won two Canadian Folk Music Awards—for Traditional Album of the Year and Instrumental Group of the Year—at the 16th Canadian Folk Music Awards.
Tõnu Kaukis
Tõnu Kaukis (born 27 March 1956) is an Estonian coach and former decathlete.

He was born in Tallinn. In 1978 he graduated from Tallinn Pedagogical Institute's Faculty of Physical Education. He began athletics training in 1967, coached by Aleksander Tšikin. He is multiple-times Estonian champion in different athletics disciplines. 1974–1985 he was a member of Estonian national athletics team. Between In 1975 and 1985, he won ten gold medals at the Estonian SSR Championships (five in the 110 metres hurdles, three in long jump, and two in decathlon), three silver medals, and one bronze medal.

Since 1986 he is working as an athletics coach who has trained Indrek Turi, Madis Kallas, Maicel Uibo, Karl Robert Saluri.

Awards:

2016: (Estonian: Eesti Kultuurkapitali kehakultuuri ja spordi sihtkapitali aastapreemia)

Karl Robert Saluri
Karl Robert Saluri (born August 6, 1993 in Kuimetsa, Rapla County) is a former Estonian decathlete.

In April 2016 Saluri earned a personal record score of 8108, enough to pass the qualifying mark for the 2016 Olympics of 8100.  This result beat his previous personal record by 637 points.  Additionally, this result made him the European leader up to that point of the year and earned him honors as the European Athlete of the Month for April, 2016.

In May 2020 he announced his retirement from competitive sports.

In December of 2021, Saluri became the coach of Estonian decathlete Karel Tilga and Chinese heptathlete Zheng Ninali. By April 2022, the athletes were no longer working with Saluri.
POW bracelet
A POW bracelet, also known as a POW/MIA bracelet, is a nickel-plated or copper commemorative bracelet engraved with the rank, name, and loss date of an American servicemen captured or missing in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.

Nickel electroplating
Nickel electroplating is a technique of electroplating a thin layer of nickel onto a metal object. The nickel layer can be decorative, provide corrosion resistance, wear resistance, or used to build up worn or undersized parts for salvage purposes.
Arkesden
Arkesden is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England.

The village is 4.3 miles (7 km) south-west from Saffron Walden, approximately 6 miles (10 km) from Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, and 22 miles (35 km) north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. The Wicken Water stream flows through the village.

Arkesden is referred to as "Archesdana" in Domesday Book of 1086, located in the ancient hundred of Uttlesford.

The parish, with its own council, is part of the parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 375.

The 13th-century parish church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, heavily restored in 1855. The village has a village hall, on the church green, and one public house, the Axe and Compasses.

The musician Steve Marriott, of rock band Small Faces, died in a fire at his home at Arkesden in 1991.

Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Little Walden and Audley End. At the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 16,610, and the parish had a population of 17,022.
History of French cattle breeding
The history of French cattle breeding results from intermingling bovine populations from several European offshoots after centuries of breeding and selection practices. The French herd includes crosses with zebus (Bos taurus indicus) in the French overseas departments and territories.

In 2010, the French cattle population numbered 19.3 million head.

Cows in production represented 7.7 million head (4.2 suckling and 3.5 dairy), and milk production in 2005 was 239 million hectolitres.

Normande
The Normande is a breed of dairy cattle from the Normandy region of north-west France. It is raised principally for its milk, which is high in fat and suitable for making butter and cheese, but also for its meat, which is marbled and good-flavoured. It is a world breed: it has been exported to many countries and is present on all continents.
Auston Trusty
Auston Levi-Jesaiah Trusty (born August 12, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center-back for Scottish Premiership club Celtic and the United States national team.

In club soccer, Trusty played in the USL Championship for Bethlehem Steel and in Major League Soccer for the Philadelphia Union and the Colorado Rapids before signing for Premier League club Arsenal, and spent the 2022–23 season on loan to Birmingham City of the EFL Championship. In August 2023, Trusty signed for Sheffield United, for which he made his Premier League debut. He moved on to Celtic in 2024. Internationally, he represented his country at under-age levels before making his senior debut in March 2023.

North Carolina Tar Heels men's soccer
The North Carolina Tar Heels men's soccer team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in men's NCAA Division I soccer competition. They compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Tar Heels won the NCAA championship in 2001 and 2011. They play at Dorrance Field.
1957 World Archery Championships
The 1957 World Archery Championships was the 18th edition of the event. It was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia on 18–21 July 1957 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).

All individual medals were won by archers from the United States. It also marked the first Championship where archers from one country won all events, a feat the United States went on to repeat in 1959, 1961, and 1963.

1959 World Archery Championships
The 1959 World Archery Championships was the 20th edition of the event. It was held in Stockholm, Sweden on 6–9 August 1959 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).

It marked the first win in a run of 13 successive championship wins for the United States men's team.
DPD scan
A DPD scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test which uses radioactive technetium-99m (99mTc) and 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis. The radiopharmaceutical is taken up only in patients with ATTR amyloidosis, making it a useful tool to differentiate from AL amyloidosis.

DPD is a diphosphonate and can be used as an alternative to HDP or MDP in nuclear medicine bone scintigraphy.

AL amyloidosis
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis, is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The disease is caused when a person's antibody-producing cells do not function properly and produce abnormal protein fibers made of components of antibodies called light chains. These light chains come together to form amyloid deposits which can cause serious damage to different organs. An abnormal light chain in urine is known as Bence Jones protein.
Samuel Taft
Samuel Taft (September 23, 1735 – August 2, 1816) was a Revolutionary War soldier who later hosted his former commander in Chief, President George Washington, at his home, on his inaugural tour of New England.

Mendon, Massachusetts
Mendon is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,228 at the 2020 census. Mendon is part of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, an early center of the industrial revolution in the United States. Mendon celebrated its 350th anniversary on May 15, 2017.