hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cradle of Aviation Museum
40°43′43″N 73°35′51″W﻿ / ﻿40.7286°N 73.5976°W﻿ / 40.7286; -73.5976

The Cradle of Aviation Museum is an aerospace museum located in the East Garden City section of Uniondale, New York on Long Island, established to commemorate Long Island's part in the history of aviation.  It is located on land once part of Mitchel Air Force Base which, together with nearby Roosevelt Field and other airfields on the Hempstead Plains, was the site of many historic flights. So many seminal flights had occurred in the area that, by the mid-1920s, the cluster of airfields was already dubbed the "Cradle of Aviation", the origin of the museum's name.

Naming rights to the museum are held by Flagstar Bank.

Uniondale, New York
Uniondale is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in central Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, in the Town of Hempstead, within the New York metropolitan area. The population was 32,473 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

The CDP is home to Nassau Community College, Hofstra University's north campus and a portion of its southern campus, as well as the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.
Colonial Chile
In Chilean historiography, Colonial Chile (Spanish: La colonia) is the period from 1600 to 1810, beginning with the Destruction of the Seven Cities and ending with the onset of the Chilean War of Independence. During this time, the Chilean heartland was ruled by Captaincy General of Chile. The period was characterized by a lengthy conflict between Spaniards and Native Mapuches known as the Arauco War. Colonial society was divided in distinct groups including Peninsulars, Criollos, Mestizos, Indians and Black people.

Relative to other Spanish colonies, Chile was a "poor and dangerous" place.

Carahue
Carahue (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈɾawe]) is a city and commune in southern Chile. It is located 56 km west of Temuco, on the northern bank of the Imperial River.

The city was founded as La Imperial on April 16, 1552 by Pedro de Valdivia.
La Imperial or Antigua [Old] Imperial, was abandoned and destroyed as a result of the Mapuche Uprising of 1598 during the War of Arauco in 1600, and refounded in 1882, in course of Occupation of the Araucanía, under the name Carahue.

The commune of Carahue hosts the southernmost natural forests of Araucaria araucana in the Chilean Coast Range.
Gökhan Saki
Gökhan Saki (born 18 October 1983) is a Turkish-Dutch kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He is a Dutch, European and World Muay Thai champion, K-1 World GP 2006 in Amsterdam tournament finalist, K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 in Hawaii champion and former Glory Light Heavyweight Champion. Saki also competed in the light heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 Final
K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 Final was a martial arts event held by the K-1 on Saturday December 6, 2008 at the Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Japan. It was the 16th K-1 World GP Final, the culmination of a year full of regional elimination tournaments. All fights followed the classic 8-man tournament format and were conducted under K-1 rules; three rounds of three minutes each, with a possible tiebreaker. The qualification for the top eight fighters in this event was held at K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 in Seoul Final 16.
Sandbank, Argyll
Sandbank (Scottish Gaelic: an Oitir or Taigh a' Chladaich) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is located 2.5 miles (4 kilometres) north of Dunoon on the coastal A815 (low road) or the inland A885 (high road). It sits on the southern shore of the Holy Loch, a sea loch of the Firth of Clyde.

Firth of Clyde
The Firth of Clyde is the estuary of the River Clyde, on the west coast of Scotland. The Firth has some of the deepest coastal waters of the British Isles and is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Kintyre Peninsula.  The Firth lies between West Dunbartonshire in the north, Argyll and Bute in the west, and Inverclyde, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire in the east. Kilbrannan Sound is a large arm of the Firth, separating the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. The Kyles of Bute separates the Isle of Bute from the Cowal Peninsula. The Sound of Bute separates the islands of Bute and Arran.

The Highland Boundary Fault crosses the Firth.  The Firth also played a vital military role during World War II.

The Firth is sometimes called the Clyde Waters or Clyde Sea. It is customarily considered to be part of the Irish Sea.
Jennifer Freeman
Jennifer Nicole Freeman, often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman, is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids (introduced in season 2), and her film roles in You Got Served (2004) and Johnson Family Vacation (2004).

Neutrogena
Neutrogena Corporation, trading as Neutrogena, is an American company that  produces  cosmetics, skin care and hair care, is owned by parent company Kenvue and is headquartered in Skillman, New Jersey. According to product advertising  at their website, Neutrogena products are distributed in more than 70 countries.

Neutrogena was founded in 1930 by Emanuel Stolaroff, and was originally a cosmetics company named Natone. Johnson & Johnson acquired the independent company in 1994.

The company originally supplied to department stores and salons that catered for the Hollywood film industry.
Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).

Russification of Ukraine
The Russification of Ukraine (Ukrainian: русифікація України or зросійщення України; Russian: русификация Украины) was a system of measures, actions and legislations undertaken by the Imperial Russian, later Soviet, and present-day authorities of the Russian Federation to strengthen Russian national, political and linguistic positions in Ukraine.

Like in other countries of Eastern Europe historically ruled by Russian political regimes, Russification in Ukraine aims to assimilate the local population and has been conducted through a wide array of measures, including introduction of Russian language in school education and state institutions, promotion of mixed marriages, ideological, political and cultural indoctrination, displacement of population etc.
Tribals in Madhya Pradesh
There are 43 recognized Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh, India, three of which have been identified as "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups" or "PTGs" (formerly known as "Special Primitive Tribal Groups"). The population of Scheduled Tribals (ST) is 21.1 per cent of the state population (15.31 million out of 72.62 million), according to the 2011 census. Bounded by the Narmada River to the north and the Godavari River to the southeast, tribal peoples occupy the slopes of the region's mountains.

The term Scheduled Tribes refers to specific indigenous peoples whose status is acknowledged to by the Constitution of India. The term Adivasi also applies to indigenous peoples of this area.

Baiga people
The Baiga are an ethnic group found in central India primarily in the state of Madhya Pradesh, and in smaller numbers in the surrounding states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. The largest number of Baiga is found in Baiga-chuk in Mandla district and Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh. They have sub-castes: Bijhwar, Narotia, Bharotiya, Nahar, Rai maina and Kath maina. The name Baiga means "sorcerer-medicine man".
Hasty Bank
Hasty Bank is a hill in the Cleveland Hills range of the North York Moors, in north-east England. The Cleveland Way National Trail crosses Hasty Bank and is part of Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. The north face of Hasty Bank has heavily eroded, possessing a vertical rocky face sloping steeply down to Broughton Bank. Roseberry Topping can be clearly seen from the summit which offers great views of the Tees Valley.

From the north, Hasty Bank is easily identified in line with Carlton Bank, Cringle Moor, Cold Moor, and Urra Moor which form the more northern facing hills of the range, before sweeping north to become the west facing hills up towards Roseberry Topping.

Cleveland Way
The Cleveland Way is a National Trail in the historic area of Cleveland in North Yorkshire, Northern England. It runs 110 miles (177 km) between Helmsley and the Brigg at Filey, through the west, north and east of the North York Moors National Park.
The Kat
Stacy Lee Carter (born September 29, 1970) is an American retired professional wrestling valet and professional wrestler. She is best known for her tenure in the World Wrestling Federation from August 1999 to February 2001 under the ring names Miss Kitty and The Kat, where she held the WWF Women's Championship once.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Phonestheme
A phonestheme (/foʊˈnɛsθiːm/ foh-NESS-theem; phonaestheme in British English) is a pattern of sounds systematically paired with a certain meaning in a language. The concept was proposed in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth, who coined the term from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception" (from αίσθάνομαι aisthanomai, "I perceive"). For example, sequence "sl-" appears in English words denoting low-friction motion, like "slide", "slick" and "sled".

A phonestheme is different from a phoneme (a basic unit of word-differentiating sound) or a morpheme (a basic unit of meaning) because it does not meet the normal criterion of compositionality.

Within C.S. Peirce's "theory of signs" the phonestheme is considered to be an "icon" rather than a "symbol" or an "index".

Principle of compositionality
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. The principle is also called Frege's principle, because Gottlob Frege is widely credited for the first modern formulation of it. However, the principle has never been explicitly stated by Frege, and arguably it was already assumed by George Boole decades before Frege's work.

The principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is highly debated in linguistics. Among its most challenging problems there are the issues of contextuality, the non-compositionality of idiomatic expressions, and the non-compositionality of quotations.
Potato Range (British Columbia)
The Potato Range, formerly gazetted as the Potato Mountains, is a small mountain range in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located between Chilko Lake and Tatlayoko Lake. It has an area of 320 km2 and is a subrange of the Chilcotin Ranges which in turn form part of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains.

Tŝilhqox Biny
Tŝilhqox Biny (Pronounced:	Tsyle-koh Bee), known as Chilko Lake, is a 180 km2 lake in west-central British Columbia, at the head of the Chilko River on the Chilcotin Plateau.  The lake is about 65 km long, with a southwest arm 10 km long.  It is one of the largest lakes by volume in the province because of its great depth, and the largest above 1,000 m in elevation.  It and Harrison Lake are the largest lakes in the southern Coast Mountains.

On March 11, 2019, the Province of British Columbia, working with the Tŝilhqot’in National Government, officially changed the name of the lake from Chilko Lake to Tŝilhqox Biny.
Natural Law Party (United States)
The Natural Law Party (NLP) is a political party in Michigan. It was a national political party in the United States, founded in 1992, affiliated with the international Natural Law Party. Beginning in 2004, many of its state chapters dissolved. The party's Michigan chapter is still active as of 2024.

The party proposed that political problems could be solved through alignment with the unified field of all the laws of nature through the use of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs. Leading members of the party were associated with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, leader of the Transcendental Meditation movement.

The national version of the Natural Law Party ran John Hagelin as its presidential candidate in 1992, 1996 and 2000. The party also ran congressional and local candidates. It attempted to merge with the Reform Party in 2000. Several state affiliates have kept their ballot positions and have allied with other small parties.

Socialist Party USA
The Socialist Party of the United States of America (also Socialist Party USA or SPUSA) is a socialist political party in the United States. SPUSA formed in 1973, one year after the Socialist Party of America splintered into three: Social Democrats, USA (legal successor); the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (split); and SPUSA.

SPUSA describes itself as a multi-tendency socialist party which hopes to win socialism through a "democratic revolution from below". In contrast to the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), SPUSA advocates for "uncompromising independence" from the Democratic Party. SPUSA describes socialism as "radical democracy", in opposition to "capitalist and authoritarian statist systems".

Notable members include David McReynolds, Frank Zeidler, and Dan La Botz. Former members include Ben Burgis.
Al-Sahwah
Al-Sahwah (Arabic: السهوة, also spelled el-Sahoa or Sahweh); also known as Sahwat al-Qamh or Sehwet el-Kamh is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located east of Daraa. Nearby localities include al-Jiza to the southwest, Ghasm to the south, Maaraba, Daraa to the southeast, Umm Walad to the northeast, al-Musayfirah to the north and Kahil to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Sahwah had a population of 3,950 in the 2004 census, making it the least populous locality in the al-Musayfirah nahiyah ("subdistrict").

Maaraba, Daraa
Maaraba (Arabic: معربة, romanized: Maʿraba) or Moraba is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located east of Daraa. Nearby localities include Bosra to the east, Umm Walad to the north and Ghasm to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Maaraba had a population of 8,988 in the 2004 census.
Technobabble
Technobabble (a portmanteau of technology and babble), also called technospeak, is a type of nonsense that consists of buzzwords, esoteric language, or technical jargon. It is common in science fiction. Use of technobabble in the Star Trek universe is referred to treknobabble.

Nonsense
Nonsense is a form of communication, via speech, writing, or any other formal logic system, that lacks any coherent meaning. In ordinary usage, nonsense is sometimes synonymous with absurdity or the ridiculous. Many poets, novelists and songwriters have used nonsense in their works, often creating entire works using it for reasons ranging from pure comic amusement or satire, to illustrating a point about language or reasoning. In the philosophy of language and philosophy of science, nonsense is distinguished from sense or meaningfulness, and attempts have been made to come up with a coherent and consistent method of distinguishing sense from nonsense. It is also an important field of study in cryptography regarding separating a signal from noise.
Paudge Behan
Paudge Rodger Behan (/ˈpɔːdʒ ˈbiːən/ PAWJ BEE-ən; born 18 January 1965) is an Irish actor and writer. The son of IRA Chief of Staff Cathal Goulding and Beatrice Behan, the widow of playwright Brendan Behan, Paudge Behan worked briefly as a journalist for a Dublin newspaper before turning to acting. After a series of minor film and television roles in the 1990s, he was handpicked by English novelist Barbara Taylor Bradford to appear as the male lead in a 1999 dramatisation of her book A Secret Affair (1996).

Behan has also appeared in the feature films A Man of No Importance (1994), Conspiracy of Silence (2003) and Veronica Guerin (2003), and has taken leading roles in two short films, A Lonely Sky (2006) and Wake Up (2007).

Sibling
A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister. A person with no siblings is an only child.

While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care or adoption), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong emotional bonds, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family.

Medically, a full-sibling is a first-degree relative and a half-sibling is a second-degree relative as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively.
Littlemore railway station
Littlemore railway station was  on the Wycombe Railway and served Littlemore in Oxfordshire. Littlemore was then a village but is now a suburb of Oxford.

The Wycombe Railway opened the station in 1864 as part of its extension from Thame to Oxford.

In 1963 British Railways withdrew passenger services between Princes Risborough and Oxford and closed all intermediate stations including Littlemore. The line through Littlemore remains open for freight traffic between the Didcot - Oxford main line at Kennington Junction and the BMW Mini factory at Cowley.

In November 2014 Chiltern Railways ran a train filled with investors and local businessmen along the track to a temporary station at Oxford Science Park, signalling the possibility of a station in Littlemore by 2020.

Didcot Parkway railway station
Didcot Parkway is a railway station serving Didcot, a town in Oxfordshire, England. The station was opened as Didcot on 12 June 1844 and was renamed Didcot Parkway on 29 July 1985 by British Rail, to reflect its role as a park and ride railhead. It is 53 miles 10 chains (53.13 mi; 85.5 km) down the line from London Paddington and is situated between Cholsey to the east and Swindon to the west.

The station is a stop on local services operated by Great Western Railway between Reading and Oxford, and by main line services from Paddington to the south-west of England and south Wales.

Just to the north of the station is the Didcot Railway Centre, which is accessed through the station. The centre is a comprehensive exhibition of original Great Western Railway rolling stock, with demonstration running tracks and including a reconstructed station named Didcot Halt.
Henfield (electoral division)
50°57′50″N 0°17′44″W﻿ / ﻿50.96383°N 0.29560°W﻿ / 50.96383; -0.29560

Henfield is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Lionel Barnard, is also Deputy Leader of West Sussex County Council.

West Sussex County Council
West Sussex County Council is the upper tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of West Sussex in England.

The county also contains seven district and borough councils, and 158 town, parish and neighbourhood councils. The county council has 70 elected councillors. The chief executive and directors are responsible for the day-to-day running of the council.

Since 1997, West Sussex County Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party.
Khunza Humayun Begum
Khunza Humayun Begum also known as Kurja Sultana, Khanzada Humayun Sultana and Khunzah Humayun (fl. 1571), was the regent of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate between 1565 and 1571, during the minority of her son sultan Murtaza Nizam Shah I.

Ali Adil Shah I
Ali Adil Shah I (Persian: علی عادل شاه; died 9 April 1580) was the fifth Sultan of the Bijapur Sultanate.

On the day of his coronation Ali abandoned the Sunni practices and reintroduced the Shia Khutbah and other practices. The Persian doctors of religion were granted full freedom to preach the Shi’ah doctrine and were paid by the State for their missionary activities.

The new Sultan restored back to power the Afāqis while relegating the Deccanis to a position of insignificance. He subverted all the dogmatic experiments which his father had practiced.
Black wolf
A black wolf is a melanistic colour variant of the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Black specimens were recorded among red wolves (Canis rufus), though the colour phase in this species is not extinct yet. Genetic research from the Stanford University School of Medicine and the University of California, Los Angeles revealed that wolves with black pelts owe their distinctive coloration to a mutation which occurred in domestic dogs, and was carried to wolves through wolf-dog hybridization. Besides coat and knee colour, they are normal grey wolves.

Melanism
Melanism is the congenital excess of melanin in an organism resulting in dark pigment.

Pseudomelanism, also called abundism, is another variant of pigmentation, identifiable by dark spots or enlarged stripes, which cover a large part of the body of the animal, making it appear melanistic.

The morbid deposition of black matter, often of a malignant character causing pigmented tumors, is called melanosis.
Deer Creek (Big Creek, Ontario)
Deer Creek is a tributary of Big Creek in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the watercourses managed by the Long Point Region Conservation Authority (LPRCA).  The LPRCA operates the 301-acre (122 ha) Deer Creek Conservation Authority.

Deer Creek was dammed in 1969, creating an 80-acre (32 ha) reservoir.  The reservoir is in a forested area, and the Conservation Authority opened campsites, available for campers.  Canoes can be rented.  Fishing is allowed.

Long Point Region Conservation Authority
The Long Point Region Conservation Area is an agency of the province of Ontario, Canada, formed to preserve the volume of flow, and purity, of the watercourses that flow into Lake Erie, near Long Point.

Rivers that flow through the region include Big Otter Creek, Big Creek, Lynn River and Nanticoke Creek.

The region includes remnants of the Carolinian forest that once covered much of southern Ontario.