hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magdeburg Region
The Magdeburg Region (German: Region Magdeburg) is the name of the central region in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in North Germany. It includes the landscape units of Magdeburg Börde, Jerichow Land, the northern Harz Foreland and the Colbitz-Letzlingen Heath. The centre of the region is the city of Magdeburg; other important towns are Haldensleben, Aschersleben, Staßfurt, Oschersleben, Schönebeck (Elbe) and Burg. Towards the east the Elbe-Börde Heath transitions into the neighbouring region of Anhalt-Wittenberg. To the south lies the Harz and the Saale-Unstrut Region, to the north the Altmark.

Altmark
See German tanker Altmark for the ship named after Altmark and Stary Targ for the Polish village named Altmark in German.

The Altmark (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌmaʁk] ⓘ; English: Old March) is a historic region in Germany, comprising the northern third of Saxony-Anhalt. As the initial territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, it is sometimes referred to as the "Cradle of Prussia", as by Otto von Bismarck, a native of Schönhausen near Stendal.
Half Acre, New Jersey
Half Acre is an unincorporated community located within Monroe Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The settlement is located roughly at the intersection of Prospect Plains Road (County Route 614) and Half Acre Road (CR 615) in the center of the township. Some single-family homes and small businesses are located along those two roads and Cranbury-Half Acre Road but most of the area is made up of age-restricted housing developments including Concordia, Clearbrook Park, Greenbriar at Whittingham, and Encore at Monroe.

Concordia, New Jersey
Concordia is an unincorporated community  and census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The CDP is oriented around the age restricted gated community of Concordia. As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 2,455, down from 3,092 in 2010. Prior to 2020, the corner of Concordia known as The Ponds was split off into its own CDP.
Preventive war
A preventive war is an armed conflict "initiated in the belief that military conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater risk." The party which is being attacked has a latent threat capability or it has shown that it intends to attack in the future, based on its past actions and posturing. A preventive war aims to forestall a shift in the balance of power by strategically attacking before the balance of power has had a chance to shift in the favor of the targeted party. Preventive war is distinct from preemptive strike, which is the first strike when an attack is imminent. Preventive uses of force "seek to stop another state . . . from developing a military capability before it becomes threatening or to hobble or destroy it thereafter, whereas [p]reemptive uses of force come against a backdrop of tactical intelligence or warning indicating imminent military action by an adversary."

Japanese militarism
Japanese militarism (日本軍国主義, Nihon gunkoku shugi) was the ideology in the Empire of Japan which advocated the belief that militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation, and the belief that the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation. It was most prominent from the start of conscription after the Meiji Restoration until the Japanese defeat in World War II, roughly 1873 to 1945. Since then, pacifism has been enshrined in the postwar Constitution of Japan as one of its key tenets.
Samuel W. Mitcham
Samuel W. Mitcham Jr. is an American author and military historian who specializes in the German war effort during World War II and the Confederate war effort during the American Civil War. He is the author of more than 40 books and has collaborated with other historians such as Gene Mueller.

The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
The Journal of Slavic Military Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles relating to military affairs of Central and Eastern European Slavic nations, including their history and geopolitics, as well as book reviews. It is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chief is Martijn Lak. It was established in 1988 by David Glantz as  The Journal of Soviet Military Studies, obtaining its current title in 1993. David Glantz was editor-in-chief from the founding of the journal until the end of 2017, with Alexander Hill briefly editing the journal from January 2018 until March 2019.

As of 2014, it is ranked in the first quartile of the SCImago Journal Rank of scholarly journals in the history category.
Jeremiah Anderson (abolitionist)
Jeremiah Anderson (April 17, 1833 – October 16, 1859) was an American abolitionist. Born in Indiana, Anderson left Yellow Springs, Iowa to attend Knox Academy in Galesburg, Illinois. He initially intended to become a minister, but worked in a sawmill before moving to Kansas Territory in 1857. He fought with freestaters James Montgomery and John Brown against those who fought as vigorously for slavery. Intending to free enslaved people, Anderson participated in John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (October 16 to 18, 1859), where he was mortally wounded.

Kennedy Farmhouse
The Kennedy Farm is a National Historic Landmark property on Chestnut Grove Road in rural southern Washington County, Maryland.  It is notable as the place where the radical abolitionist John Brown planned and began his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (today West Virginia), in 1859.  Also known as the John Brown Raid Headquarters and Kennedy Farmhouse, the log, stone, and brick building has been restored to its appearance at the time of the raid.  The farm is now owned by a preservation nonprofit.
Truth & Wisdom Press
Truth & Wisdom Press (TWP or "格致出版社" in Chinese) is an educational publisher based in Shanghai, China. It is an imprint of Shanghai Century Publishing Group, which is also the parent company of Shanghai People's Publishing House and Shanghai Translation Publishing House. Their publications cover the studies of business, economics, and humanities.

Shanghai Translation Publishing House
Shanghai Translation Publishing House (上海译文出版社) is the largest comprehensive translation publishing house in the People's Republic of China. Founded in January 1978, it is a member of the Shanghai Century Publishing Group.
Texarkana Panthers
The Texarkana Panthers are a franchise of the American Basketball Association based in the Texarkana metropolitan area in Arkansas and Texas. The team plays in the Southwest Division. Although the Panthers are considered to represent southwest Arkansas (and Texarkana, Arkansas, in particular), the team plays its home games in Hooks, Texas at the Hooks High School Gymnasium. Their inaugural season was the 2013-14 ABA season in which they achieved a record of 1–5.

Texarkana metropolitan area
The Texarkana metropolitan statistical area (MSA), as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a two-county region anchored by the twin cities of Texarkana, Texas (population 37,333) and Texarkana, Arkansas (population 30,259), and encompassing surrounding communities in Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. As of the 2016 census, the MSA had a population of 150,098. Texarkana is a subset of the broader Ark-La-Tex region.
Bartok the Magnificent
Bartok the Magnificent is a 1999 American direct-to-video animated adventure comedy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman. It is a standalone spin-off to the 1997 film Anastasia, also directed by Bluth and Goldman, with Hank Azaria reprising his role from Anastasia as Bartok, an albino bat. The film shows Bartok as a con artist who has the opportunity to become a true hero.

Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga is a female character (or one of a trio of sisters of the same name) from Slavic folklore who has two contrasting roles. In some narratives, she is described as a repulsive or ferocious-looking old woman who fries and eats children, while in others she is depicted as a nice old woman who helps the hero. Both versions often depict her as a witch. She is often associated with forest wildlife. Her distinctive traits are flying around in a wooden mortar, wielding a pestle, and dwelling deep in the forest in a hut with chicken legs.
Xichehe
Xichehe (洗车河镇) is a town and township in Longshan County, in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, China.

Xichehe is home to the Tujia people. The Sheba Festival is celebrated annually at the town's grand ancestral temple, and the Tujia language is spoken. The Dragon Boat Festival features dragon boat racing on the river.

80 per cent of the children in Xichehe are left-behind children. Many elderly residents are hard pressed to care properly for the children for whom they are responsible, leaving the children in need of emotional as well as material support. A children's charity has built a drop-in center, which provides a safe place with beds, a meal, and a chance to talk, and serves 200 children.

Longshan County
Longshan County (simplified Chinese: 龙山县; traditional Chinese: 龍山縣; pinyin: Lóngshān Xiàn; lit. 'dragon mountain') is a county of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.

Located in northwestern Xiangxi, it is immediately adjacent to the borders of Chongqing Municipality and Hubei Province. The county is bordered to the northeast by Sangzhi County, to the east by Yongshun County, to the southeast and the south by Baojing County, and to the west by Youyang County of Chongqing, Laifeng County and Xuan'en County of Hubei. Longshan County covers an area of 3,131 km2 (1,209 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 601,000 and a resident population of 492,800. The county has 12 towns, 5 townships and 4 subdistricts  under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Min'an Subdistrict (民安街道).
Transport in Bodoland
Transportation in the Bodoland is regulated by the transportation department of the Bodoland Territorial Council.

The vast majority of passenger travel occurs by automobile for shorter distances, and for some people railroad, for longer distances as there are no airway services.

Bodoland Territorial Region
The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an autonomous division in Assam, India, in Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020. The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other tribal communities of Assam.
2011 New South Wales Swifts season
The 2011 New South Wales Swifts season saw New South Wales Swifts compete in the 2011 ANZ Championship. During the regular season, Swifts finished in third place. They qualified for the playoffs but subsequently lost to Northern Mystics in the minor semi-final, finishing the season in 4th place. After fifteen seasons as Sydney Swifts/New South Wales Swifts head coach, this was the last season Julie Fitzgerald served as head coach. Following a controversial "internal review", Fitzgerald was replaced as head coach by Lisa Beehag. The review was conducted during the 2011 season. Catherine Cox and Liz Ellis publicly criticized Netball New South Wales for distracting players with the review and even alleged that it was responsible for Swifts losing the 2011 minor semi-final.

Northern Mystics
Northern Mystics are a New Zealand netball team based in Auckland. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship. Since 2017 they have represented Netball Northern in the ANZ Premiership. Netball Northern is the governing body that represents the Auckland and Northland Regions. The Mystics have won three ANZ Premiership titles in 2021, 2023 and 2024.
Chaotic mixing
In chaos theory and fluid dynamics, chaotic mixing is a process
by which flow tracers develop into complex fractals under the action
of a fluid flow.
The flow is characterized by an exponential growth of fluid filaments.
Even very simple flows, such as the blinking vortex,
or finitely resolved wind fields can generate exceptionally complex
patterns from initially simple tracer fields.

The phenomenon is still not well understood and is the subject
of much current research.

Flow tracer
A flow tracer is any fluid property used to track the flow velocity (i.e., flow magnitude and direction) and circulation patterns.  Tracers can be chemical properties, such as radioactive material, or chemical compounds, physical properties, such as density, temperature, salinity, or dyes, and can be natural or artificially induced. Flow tracers are used in many fields, such as physics, hydrology, limnology, oceanography, environmental studies and atmospheric studies.

Conservative tracers remain constant following fluid parcels, whereas reactive tracers (such as compounds undergoing a mutual chemical reaction) grow or decay with time. Active tracers dynamically alter the flow of the fluid by changing fluid properties which appear in the equation of motion such as density or viscosity, while passive tracers have no influence on flow.
2001–02 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2001–02 Euro Hockey Tour was the sixth season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Sweden Hockey Games, Baltica Brewery Cup, and the Karjala Tournament.

Channel One Cup (ice hockey)
The Channel One Cup (Russian: Кубок Первого канала, formerly Izvestia Trophy) is an annual ice hockey event held in Russia under the auspices of Channel One. It is an open tournament typically composed of various national teams.
K-1 (Kansas highway)
K-1 is a 13.363-mile-long (21.506 km), north-south state highway in southern Comanche County, Kansas, United States, that connects Oklahoma State Highway 34 (SH‑34), with U.S. Route 160/U.S. Route 183 (US‑160/US‑183).

U.S. Route 183 in Kansas
U.S. Route 183 (US-183) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from US-77 in Refugio, Texas north to Interstate 90 (I-90) in Presho, South Dakota. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-183 is a main north–south highway that runs from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border.

Between 1930 and 1931, US-183 was extended south into Kansas to US-83 in Dresden. Then between July 1938 and 1939, US-183 was altered to follow US-36 east to K-1 in Phillipsburg, then south along K-1 to US-160. Then continued west along US-160 to K-34 in Sitka, which it followed south from Sitka to the Oklahoma border. Between 1941 and 1944, US-183 and US-83 were swapped within Nebraska and a small portion into Kansas, which straightened their alignment and eliminated the overlap between the two in Norton. The former alignment of US-83 from northeast of Selden to east of Woodruff became US-383, now K-383.
Pantai Acheh
Pantai Acheh is a suburb of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located about 14.8 km (9.2 mi) west of the city centre, at the western coast of Penang Island between Teluk Bahang to the east and Balik Pulau to the south.

Teluk Bahang
Teluk Bahang is a suburb of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located 13.6 km (8.5 mi) west of the city centre near the northwestern tip of Penang Island. Established as a fishing village, Teluk Bahang has evolved into a tourist destination, with a number of attractions built within the suburb. It is also home to the Teluk Bahang Dam, the largest reservoir in George Town.

Teluk Bahang Forest Reserve is part of Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve, recognised by UNESCO as the third Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia listed in the World Network of Biosphere Reserve (WNBR).
Earth pigment
Earth pigments are naturally occurring minerals that have been used since prehistoric times as pigments. Among the primary types of earth pigments include the reddish-brown ochres, siennas, and umbers, which contain various amounts of iron oxides and manganese oxides. Other earth pigments include the green earth pigments or terres vertes, blue earth pigments such as vivianite-based "blue ochre", white earth pigments such as chalk, and black earth pigments such as charcoal.

Earth pigments are known for their fast drying time in oil painting, relative inexpensiveness, and lightfastness. Cave paintings done in sienna still survive today.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Isak N Jiyeon
Isak N Jiyeon (이삭 N 지연) was a South Korean R&B duo formed by SM Entertainment in 2002. The duo released one album, Tell Me Baby, in September 2002 before disbanding two years later following Isak’s departure. Later on, Jiyeon joined the line-up of SM's new girl group The Grace which debuted in 2005 while Isak continued to do a variety of work, such as being DJ and VJ for Arirang TV, MC work for various networks, and taking on small acting roles on network television.

SM Town
SM Town (stylized in all caps as SMTOWN) is a musical collective for the recording artists under South Korean entertainment company SM Entertainment.

SM Town artists have performed at the annual SM Town Live world tours since the SM Town Live '08 Asia tour in 2008. As of 2014, the SM Town Live concert series had cumulatively attracted over 1 million audience members.
Ivan Franjo Jukić
Ivan Franjo Jukić (8 July 1818 – 20 May 1857) was a Bosnian writer and Franciscan friar from Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose life and cultural and political legacy have left an indelible mark on the cultural history of the country, where he is remembered as one of the founders of Bosnian modernism. He mainly wrote under the pseudonym Slavoljub Bošnjak (lit. 'Slavophile Bosnian').

Herzegovina
Herzegovina (/ˌhɛərtsɪˈɡoʊvɪnə/ HAIRT-sih-GOH-vih-nə or /ˌhɜːrtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/ HURT-sə-goh-VEE-nə; Serbo-Croatian: Hercegovina / Херцеговина, pronounced [xɛ̌rt͡se̞ɡoʋina]) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It presently [when?] does not have strictly defined administrative borders; however, in the past it was organized as Sanjak of Herzegovina (1470–1833; 1851–1912) and Herzegovina Eyalet (1830–1851).

Bosnia, the larger of the two regions, lies to the north of Herzegovina; the Croatian region of Dalmatia lies to the southwest; the Montenegrin region of Old Herzegovina lies to the southeast. The land area of Herzegovina is around 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi), or around 23–24% of the country. The largest city is Mostar, in the center of the region. Other large settlements include Trebinje, Široki Brijeg, Ljubuški, Čapljina, Konjic and Posušje.
Palmetto Point (Barbuda)
Palmetto Point is a prominent headland that marks the southwesternmost point of the Caribbean island of Barbuda. It lies due south of Codrington Lagoon and separates the west and south coasts of the island. A martello tower stands 2 km to the northeast.

Codrington Lagoon
Codrington Lagoon is a lagoon on the west coast of Barbuda, an island in the Caribbean. The lagoon measures 9 km long and 2.5 km wide, taking up a large portion of the island. Its water is shallow (between 1–4.5 m deep), and much of the shore of the northern half of the lagoon is marshland. The village of Codrington, the main settlement on the island, is located on the eastern shore of the lagoon.

Prior to 2017, the lagoon's only connection to the Caribbean Sea was a small channel at the northern tip of the lagoon, called Cuffy Creek (locally "the creek"). In 2017, Hurricane Irma destroyed a portion of the western edge of the lagoon and two inlets developed, providing additional access to the lagoon from the sea.
Greatest Hits Volume One (Toby Keith album)
Greatest Hits Volume One is the first compilation album by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on October 20, 1998, by Mercury Records and was his final album for the label, where he had been from the start of his career in 1993 to 1998. It features singles from his first four studio albums, as well as the newly recorded tracks "Getcha Some", and "If a Man Answers". Both of these tracks were released as singles, in 1998 and 1999, respectively. While "Getcha Some" peaked at #18 on the Hot Country Songs charts, "If a Man Answers" reached #44 on the same chart, becoming the first single of Keith's career to miss the Top 40. It was Keith's only compilation album not to feature singles in chronological order until the release of Greatest Hits: The Show Dog Years in 2019.

In April 2003, the album was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA.

Greatest Hits: The Show Dog Years
Greatest Hits: The Show Dog Years is the fourth greatest hits album by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on October 25, 2019, via Show Dog Nashville. It features two new tracks, "That's Country Bro" and "Back in the 405", in addition to "Don't Let the Old Man In", a song previously recorded in 2018 for the Clint Eastwood film The Mule.
Adam Mitter
Adam Thomas Mitter (born 5 January 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Butwal Lumbini.

A prolific journeyman, Mitter has played at senior level for clubs from England, Scotland, Sweden, Australia, the Philippines, India, Singapore, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand and Nepal.

2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship
The 2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship (also known as 2014–15 PFF–Smart National Club Championship) was the 4th season of the PFF National Men's Club Championship, a Filipino association football competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation.

Ceres were the defending champions, retaining the title for the second time after beating Global, 3-1 on aggregate in a two-leg finals in December 2013.

On 31 January 2015, Loyola Meralco Sparks defeated Global with a scoreline of 2 - 0 to win the title. The cup winners, Loyola Meralco Sparks are guaranteed a place in the 2016 AFC Cup Play-off.