hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Computational semiotics
Computational semiotics is an interdisciplinary field that applies, conducts, and draws on research in logic, mathematics, the theory and practice of computation, formal and natural language studies, the cognitive sciences generally, and semiotics proper. The term encompasses both the application of semiotics to user interface design in software and, conversely, the use of formal methods for performing semiotic analysis. The former focuses on what semiotics can bring to computation; the latter on what computation can bring to semiotics.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely (German: Neustadt am Zeltberg; Slovak: Nové Mesto pod Šiatrom; Yiddish: איהעל) is a border town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary. It serves as the center of the Sátoraljaújhely District and microregion. The town is renowned for its wine region and, since 2002, has been part of the Tokaj-Hegyalja Historic Wine Region Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Sátoraljaújhely is often referred to as the "Capital of Zemplén" due to its history as the former seat of Zemplén County and as the largest settlement in the Hegyalja region. The town was split by the new border established by the Treaty of Trianon, with the ceded suburb now located in Slovakia, known as Slovenské Nové Mesto.

Miskolc
Miskolc (UK: /ˈmiːʃkɒlts/ MEESH-kolts, US: /ˈmɪʃkoʊlts/ MISH-kohlts; Hungarian: [ˈmiʃkolt͡s] ⓘ; Czech and Slovak: Miškovec; German: Mischkolz; Yiddish: Mishkoltz; Romanian: Mișcolț) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 143,502 as of 2024, Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary, behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged. It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.
Waterloo Town Hall, Sydney
The Waterloo Town Hall is a heritage-listed town hall located in Waterloo, a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Located at 770 Elizabeth Street, it was built in 1880–82 in the Victorian Italianate architectural style with Second Empire elements by John Smedley, Edward Hughes and Ambrose Thornley. The town hall was the seat of Waterloo Municipal Council from 1882 to 1948 and since 1972 has been the Waterloo Library, a branch of the City of Sydney Library (and formerly South Sydney Library) servicing Waterloo and Alexandria.

Waterloo, New South Wales
Waterloo is an inner southern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Waterloo is located three kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney. Waterloo is surrounded by the suburbs of Redfern and Darlington to the north, Eveleigh and Alexandria to the west, Rosebery to the south, and Moore Park, Zetland, and Kensington to the east.
Adrian Vowles
Adrian Vowles (born 30 May 1971) is a former professional Scotland international rugby league footballer who played as a loose forward or centre in the 1990s and 2000s. He played in Australia for several years, gaining State of Origin selection in 1994, but spent the majority of his career in the Super League.

Burleigh Bears
The Burleigh Bears are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Gold Coast, Australia. They compete in Queensland's top rugby league competition, the Queensland Cup.

Since their admission to the competition in 1997, the club has appeared in six Grand Finals, winning four (1999, 2004, 2016 and 2019) and won the minor premiership three times (2003, 2004 and 2023). The team's leagues club and home ground, Pizzey Park, are located in the Gold Coast suburb of Miami. They currently serve as one of the feeder clubs for the Brisbane Broncos.
Control (Pedro the Lion album)
Control is the third full-length album by Pedro the Lion. It was released on April 16, 2002 on Jade Tree Records.  It is a concept album about a businessman who has an extramarital affair, and his untimely death at the hands of his spurned wife. It reached number 36 on the Top Independent Albums chart.

David Bazan
David Shannon Bazan (/bəˈzɑːn/; born January 22, 1976) is an American indie rock singer-songwriter from Phoenix, Arizona who now resides in Edmonds, Washington. Bazan is the lead singer and creative force behind the band Pedro the Lion and was the lead singer of Headphones. In early 2006, he began performing and recording under his own name. In late 2017 he returned to playing under the Pedro the Lion name.
Valor Econômico
Valor Econômico is the largest financial newspaper in Brazil, according to the Circulation Verification Institute (IVC).

It is the result of a partnership between two of the country's largest media groups: Grupo Globo (via Editora Globo) and Grupo Folha and had its first edition launched on 2 May 2000.

Editora Globo
Editora Globo S.A. Portuguese pronunciation: [e.d͡ʒiˈto.ɾɐ ˈɡlo.bu]; lit. 'Globe Publishing Company') is a Brazilian publishing house, property of Fundação Roberto Marinho. It began as a bookstore called Livraria do Globo ([li.vɾaˈɾi.ɐ du ˈɡlo.bu]; lit. 'Bookshop of the Globe'), created in Porto Alegre, in December 1883, by Laudelino Pinheiro de Barcellos and Saturnino Alves Pinto.
Talapus Lake
Talapus Lake is a freshwater lake located on a prominent valley at the eastern skirt of Bandera Mountain, in King County, Washington. Mount Defiance and Pratt Mountain are a short distance to the west of Talapus Lake. The name Talapus is a Chinook word for coyote.

Talapus Lake is surrounded by other alpine lakes, including Olallie Lake and Pratt Lake a short distance north. Because of its proximity to Snoqualmie Pass and other prominent peaks in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, the lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing rainbow trout.

Access to the lake is from Talapus Lake trail or Pratt Lake trail further east, a short exit from Interstate 90, west of the Snoqualmie Pass.

Alpine Lakes Wilderness
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness is a large wilderness area spanning the Central Cascades of Washington state in the United States. The wilderness is located in parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Snoqualmie National Forest, and is approximately bounded by Interstate 90 and Snoqualmie Pass to the south and U.S. Route 2 and Stevens Pass to the north. The Alpine Lakes is the largest wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, counted at 414,161 acres (167,605 ha) following the 2014 expansion.
Satgachhia
Satgachhia is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Nodakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Nadakhali
Nadakhali is a village within the jurisdiction of the Nadakhali police station in the Budge Budge II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Stan, Mirna
Stan (pronounced [ˈstaːn]) is a settlement in the hills to the southeast of Mirna in the Municipality of Mirna in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola.

Mirna, Mirna
Mirna (pronounced [ˈmìːɾna, ˈmíːɾna]; German: Neydeck or Neudegg) is a nucleated village and a minor economic centre in central Lower Carniola, Slovenia. It is the largest settlement of the Mirna Valley and the seat of the Municipality of Mirna. It is situated at the crossing of regional roads and a confluence of several creeks with the Mirna River, along the railway line linking Sevnica and Trebnje.
Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated B-24 Liberator
This is a partial list of notable accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated-designed B-24 Liberator. Combat losses are not included except for some cases denoted by singular circumstances. Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express and PB4Y Privateers are also included.

Operasjon Rype
RYPE was the codename of the American airborne unit who in WW2 was dropped in the Norwegian mountains of Snåsa on March 24, 1945 to carry out sabotage actions behind enemy lines. From the base at the Gjefsjøen mountain farm, the group conducted successful railroad sabotages, with the intention of preventing the withdrawal of German forces from northern Norway. Rype was the only U.S. operation on Norwegian soil during WW2. The unit was part of Office of Strategic Services (OSS), a US intelligence agency during World War II and  the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). They consisted mainly of Norwegian Americans recruited from the 99th Infantry Battalion (United States) US Army and was led by later CIA boss William Colby. Today Task Force RYPE of the Norwegian Home Guard in Trøndelag has taken the name of the action. The building used as headquarter for Operasjon Rype has in the period 2018–2021 been under restoration.
Hütten Hills
The Hütten Hills (German: Hüttener Berge, Danish: Hytten Bjerge) are an area of upland, up to  105.8 m above sea level (NHN), roughly west of the town of Eckernförde in the county of Rendsburg-Eckernförde in the North German state of Schleswig-Holstein. They lie within the Hütten Hills Nature Park.

Eckernförde
Eckernförde (German pronunciation: [ɛkɐnˈføːɐ̯də] ⓘ; Danish: Egernførde, sometimes also Egernfjord; Low German: Eckernför, sometimes also Eckernföör) is a city located in the Kreis of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. Situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea, approximately 30 km north-west of Kiel, it has a population of about 23,000. Eckernförde is a popular tourist destination.
Prince Igor
Prince Igor (Russian: Князь Игорь, romanized: Knyaz Igor, listenⓘ) is an opera in four acts with a prologue, written and composed by Alexander Borodin.

The composer adapted the libretto from the early Russian epic The Lay of Igor's Host, which recounts the campaign of the 12th-century prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the invading Cuman ("Polovtsian") tribes in 1185. He also incorporated material drawn from two medieval Kievan chronicles. The opera was left unfinished upon the composer's death in 1887 and was edited and completed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. It was first performed in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1890.

Mikhail Glinka
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаил Иванович Глинка, romanized: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈɡlʲinkə] ⓘ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 – 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. His compositions were an important influence on other Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who produced a distinctive Russian style of music.
Goncourt brothers
The Goncourt brothers (UK: /ɡɒnˈkʊər/, US: /ɡoʊŋˈkʊər/, French: [ɡɔ̃kuʁ] ⓘ) were Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1896) and Jules de Goncourt (1830–1870), both French naturalism writers who, as collaborative sibling authors, were inseparable in life.

Gustave Flaubert
Gustave Flaubert (UK: /ˈfloʊbɛər/ FLOH-bair, US: /floʊˈbɛər/ floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country and abroad. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flaubert, realism strives for formal perfection, so the presentation of reality tends to be neutral, emphasizing the values and importance of style as an objective method of presenting reality". He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a protégé of Flaubert.
Peter Zinovieff
Peter Zinovieff (26 January 1933 – 23 June 2021) was a British composer, musician and inventor.  In the late 1960s, his company, Electronic Music Studios (EMS), made the VCS3, a synthesizer used by many early progressive rock bands such as Pink Floyd and White Noise, and Krautrock groups as well as more pop-orientated artists, including Todd Rundgren and David Bowie. In later life, he worked primarily as a composer of electronic music.

Institute of Contemporary Arts
The Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) is an artistic and cultural centre on The Mall in London, just off Trafalgar Square. Located within Nash House, part of Carlton House Terrace, near the Duke of York Steps and Admiralty Arch, the ICA contains galleries, a theatre, two cinemas, a bookshop and a bar.
Outline of Angola
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Angola:

Angola – country in southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The country has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy has on average grown at a two-digit pace since the 1990s, especially since the end of the civil war. In spite of this, standards of living remain low, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst-ranked in the world.

History of the Jews in Angola
The recorded history of the Jews in Angola stretches from the Middle Ages to modern times. A very small community of Jews lives in Angola mostly in the capital city of Luanda with a handful scattered elsewhere of mixed origins and backgrounds. There are also a number of transitory Israeli businesspeople living in Angola.
Prunus × mohacsyana
Prunus × mohacsyana (or Prunus mohacsyana) is a hybrid species of cherry. It is a naturally occurring offspring of dwarf cherry, Prunus fruticosa, and introduced sweet cherry, Prunus avium, found where their ranges overlap in Central Europe. Since the hybrids are triploid, they are probably sterile. It was first formally described in 1944 by Zoltán Kárpáti.

Prunus avium
Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere. It is an ancestor of P. cerasus (sour cherry).

All parts of the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. The species is often cultivated as an ornamental tree.
Bowring, Oklahoma
Bowring is an unincorporated community and Census designated place in Osage County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Bowring had a population of 78. The post office was established November 12, 1923. It is said to have been named from the combination of the names of two local ranchers, Mart Bowhan and Richard Woodring.

Pawhuska, Oklahoma
Pawhuska (Osage: 𐓄𐓘𐓢𐓶𐓮𐓤𐓘, hpahúska, lit.: White Hair; Chiwere: Paháhga) is a city in and the county seat of Osage County, Oklahoma, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,984.  It was named after the 19th-century Osage chief Paw-Hiu-Skah, which means "White Hair" in English.  The Osage tribal government, which opened offices in Pawhuska in 1872 when its reservation was established in Indian Territory, continues to be based in Pawhuska.
Audubon Zoo
Audubon Zoo is an American zoo located in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is part of the Audubon Nature Institute which also manages Audubon Aquarium, Audubon Louisiana Nature Center, Freeport-McMoran Species Survival Center, Audubon Park, and Audubon Coastal Wildlife Network. It covers 58 acres (23 ha) and is home to over 2,000 animals.  It is located in a section of Audubon Park in Uptown New Orleans, on the Mississippi River side of Magazine Street. The zoo and park are named in honor of artist and naturalist John James Audubon who lived in New Orleans starting in 1821.

American flamingo
The American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is a large species of flamingo native to the West Indies, northern South America (including the Galápagos Islands) and the Yucatán Peninsula. It is closely related to the greater flamingo and Chilean flamingo, and was formerly considered conspecific with the greater flamingo, but that treatment is now widely viewed (e.g. by the American and British Ornithologists' Unions) as incorrect due to a lack of evidence. It is also known as the Caribbean flamingo, although it is also present in the Galápagos Islands. It is the only flamingo that naturally inhabits North America along with the Neotropical realm.

It is a cultural icon for the U.S. state of Florida, where it was formerly abundant in the southernmost regions, although it was largely extirpated by 1900 and is now only an uncommon visitor with a few small, potentially resident populations.
Vincenzo La Scola
Vincenzo La Scola (26 January 1958 – 15 April 2011) was an Italian tenor who had a successful international opera career for more than 25 years. He was particularly admired for his portrayals in operas by Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Vincenzo Bellini. He also achieved success as a crossover artist, particularly in his many collaborations with singer-songwriter Cliff Richard and for his solo crossover album for EMI, Vita Mia (1999). In 2000 he was made a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, and from 2004 until his sudden death in 2011 he served as principal teacher and artistic director of the Accademia Verdi Toscanini in Parma.

Norma (opera)
Norma (Italian: [ˈnɔrma]) is a tragedia lirica or opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with libretto by Felice Romani after the play Norma, ou L'infanticide (Norma, or The Infanticide) by Alexandre Soumet. It was first produced at La Scala in Milan on 26 December 1831.

The opera is regarded as a leading example of the bel canto genre, and the soprano prayer "Casta diva" in Act 1 is a famous piece. Among the well known singers of Norma of the first half of the 20th century was Rosa Ponselle who played the role in New York and London. Notable exponents of the title role in the post-war period have been Maria Callas, Leyla Gencer, Joan Sutherland, and Montserrat Caballé.
Pleasure Island (Muskegon, Michigan water park)
Pleasure Island Water Theme Park was a water park located on 25 acres (100,000 m2) in Muskegon, Michigan located at 99 E. Pontaluna Road.

The park operated in the 1980s and 1990s, consisting of 13 water slides, mini golf, a beach with zip line, paddle boats, gas-powered bumper boats, a lazy river, and a children' swim area with three small water slides.  The feature attraction was a water slide named the Black Hole which was built into a hill and started out with a steep drop which then circled back into the hill, finally coming out of the hill into a pool of water at the base. Pleasure Island was also known for the food served at the Weenie Hut.

When nearby Michigan's Adventure added its WildWater Adventure water park, the competition was too much and Pleasure Island closed. The park was auctioned off in 1997. The property later became a subdivision, named Windflower Bay.

WildWater Adventure
WildWater Adventure is a water park in Muskegon, Michigan, located next door to Michigan's Adventure, and owned by Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, Admission is included in the Michigan's Adventure ticket.
Michael John Sheridan
Michael John Sheridan (March 4, 1945 – September 27, 2022) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Colorado Springs in Colorado from 2003 to 2021. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Saint Louis in Missouri from 1997 to 2003.

Kenrick–Glennon Seminary
Kenrick–Glennon Seminary (legally St. Louis Roman Catholic Theological Seminary) is a Catholic seminary in Shrewsbury, Missouri that is operated by the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. Founded in 1818, the seminary is named for Archbishop Peter Richard Kenrick and Cardinal John J. Glennon, two former archbishops of Saint Louis.

Kenrick–Glennon has three college-level divisions to educate and prepare seminarians for ordination as priests. Its students come from many archdioceses and dioceses.

Cardinal Glennon College is the undergraduate division. It offers a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in philosophy.

Kenrick School of Theology: Theologate Program is the graduate division. It offers a Master of Divinity degree (M.Div.) and a Master of Arts degree in theology (M.A.),

Kenrick School of Theology: Pre-Theology Program is for those who had already obtained a college degree prior to entering Seminary, to study philosophy.
Hyundai i20 WRC
The Hyundai i20 WRC is a World Rally Car built by Hyundai for use from the 2014 World Rally Championship. It is based on the Hyundai i20 subcompact car, and was unveiled at the 2012 Paris Motor Show. The launch of the i20 marks Hyundai's return to the World Rally Championship after a ten-year absence. The car made its first competitive appearance at the 2014 Rallye Monte Carlo.

World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship (WRC) is an international rallying series owned and governed by the FIA. Inaugurated in 1973, it is the second oldest FIA world championship (after Formula One). Each season lasts one calendar year, and typically consists of 13 three- to four-day rally events driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice. Each rally is usually split into 15–25 special stages which are run against the clock on up to 350 kilometres (220 mi) of closed roads.

Separate championship titles are awarded to drivers, co-drivers and manufacturers. There are also two support championships, WRC2 and WRC3, which are contested on the same events and stages as the WRC, but with progressively lower maximum performance and running costs of the cars permitted. Junior WRC is also contested by younger drivers on five events of the World Rally Championship calendar.
United Soccer Coaches College Coach of the Year
The United Soccer Coaches College Coach of the Year is an award given by the United Soccer Coaches (formerly National Soccer Coaches Association of America [NSCAA]) to one men's and one women's NCAA Division I collegiate coach each. The men's award began in 1973, and the women's award began in 1982.

The NSCAA was rebranded as United Soccer Coaches on August 2, 2017.

United Soccer Coaches
The United Soccer Coaches (formerly known as the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA)) is an organization of American soccer coaches founded in 1941. It is the largest soccer coaches organization in the world, with more than 30,000 members. It offers training courses for both beginning and experienced coaches and a wide range of award programs. Rare among sports organizations, it serves its sport for both men/boys and women/girls. Geoff VanDuesen is the current Chief Executive Officer. The NSCAA was rebranded as United Soccer Coaches on August 2, 2017.