hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zipper system
The zipper system, also known as "vertical parity" or the "zebra system", is an electoral mechanism intended to enforce gender parity in countries using party-list proportional representation with closed lists. It requires that parties alternate between candidates of either gender on their candidate lists, meaning that 50% of the candidates on the list are women and 50% are men. The zipper system is applied to election laws with the goal of establishing gender parity.

More modern variants on the zipper system, based on the fair share sequence, biproportional apportionment, and other rules can enforce gender quotas much more precisely, while introducing less distortion into party lists.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Neria (Israeli settlement)
Neria (Hebrew: נֵרִיָּה, Arabic: نيريا, romanized: Nariyā), also known as Talmon Tzafon (Hebrew: טַלְמוֹן צָפוֹן, lit. 'North Talmon') or Talmon Bet (Hebrew: טַלְמוֹן ב', lit. 'Talmon B'), is a national-religious Israeli settlement in the West Bank, officially recognised by the Israeli government as a "neighborhood" of Talmon. It sits between Modi'in Illit and Ramallah, is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. It has a population of around 300 families. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

The village was established in 1991 by a number of families who had met at Mercaz HaRav yeshiva, and was named after Rabbi Moshe-Zvi Neria. The community is led by spiritual leader Rabbi Michael Hershkovitz, a current teacher at Mercaz HaRav.

Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין, Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Binyamin, Lit. Council for the Region of the Tribe of Benjamin) is a regional council governing 47 Israeli settlements and outposts in the West Bank. The council's jurisdiction is from the Jordan valley in the east to the Samarian foothills in the west, and from the Shiloh creek in the north to the Jerusalem Mountains in the south.

The seat of the council is Psagot. The council is named for the ancient Israelite tribe of Benjamin, whose territory roughly corresponds to that of the council. The region in which the Binyamin settlements are located is referred to as the Binyamin Region.

The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal, but the state of Israel disputes this, and this applies to all communities under the administration of Mateh Binyamin.
Interstate Cadet
The Interstate Cadet is an American two-seat tandem, high wing, single-engine monoplane light aircraft. Around 320 of these aircraft were produced between the years 1941 and 1942 by the Interstate Aircraft and Engineering Corporation based in El Segundo, California. The construction techniques employed were a welded steel tube fuselage, wood (spruce) wing structure with metal ribs, and fabric covering, all of which were fairly standard in the 1940s.

An Interstate Cadet, flown by aviator Cornelia Fort and her student Mr. Suomala, was one of the first aircraft (if not the first) to be attacked by IJNAS Japanese naval planes en route to the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941.

Lycoming O-320
The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of naturally aspirated, 320 cu in (5.2 L) air-cooled, horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, direct-drive engines produced by Lycoming Engines. Introduced in 1953, it is commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee, and remains in production as of 2024.  Different variants are rated for 150 or 160 horsepower (112 or 119 kilowatts).
Cupid the Cowpuncher
Cupid the Cowpuncher is a 1920 American western comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and written by Edfrid A. Bingham. It is based on the 1907 novel Cupid: The Cow-Punch by Eleanor Gates. The film stars Will Rogers, Helene Chadwick, Andrew Robson, Lloyd Whitlock, Guinn "Big Boy" Williams and Tex Parker. The film was released on July 25, 1920, by Goldwyn Pictures.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
Alwine (Uebigau-Wahrenbrück)
Alwine is a small settlement in the marshy flat countryside to the east of Leipzig and roughly 120 km (75 miles) south of Berlin. Administratively it is treated as part of the Domsdorf quarter of the rural Uebigau-Wahrenbrück municipality in the state of Brandenburg.

Lignite
Lignite (from Latin  lignum 'wood'), often called brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Lignite combustion produces less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur released than other ranks of coal. As a result, lignite is the most harmful coal to human health. Depending on the source, various toxic heavy metals, including naturally occurring radioactive materials, may be present in lignite and left over in the coal fly ash produced from its combustion, further increasing health risks.
Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín
Mullá Zaynul-ʻÁbidín (May 1818 − 1903) was a prominent Iranian Baháʼí who served as a secretary to Baháʼu'lláh, was listed by Shoghi Effendi as one of nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh, and biographied by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Memorials of the Faithful. With a background as an Islamic jurist, he posed the clarifying legal questions to Baháʼu'lláh about the Kitáb-i-Aqdas that became the supplement "Questions and Answers" now published along with the original text. His arrangement of the Hidden Words, another major work of Baháʼu'lláh, became the numbered order that is now currently used by Baháʼís.

Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín was known for transcribing, illuminating, and copying numerous writings of Baháʼu'lláh.

Baháʼu'lláh gave him the title Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín ('The Ornament of the Near Ones'), the name for which he is known to Baháʼís. He is sometimes referred to as Jináb-i-Zayn (The Excellent Zayn), or Harfu'z-Zá (the Letter Z).

Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon (/ˈkɒləfən, -fɒn/) is a brief statement containing information about the publication of a book such as an "imprint" (the place of publication, the publisher, ISBN and the date of publication).

A colophon may include the device (logo): 69  of a printer or publisher. Colophons are traditionally printed at the ends of books (see History below for the origin of the word), but sometimes the same information appears elsewhere (when it may still be referred to as colophon) and many modern (post-1800) books bear this information on the title page or on the verso of the title leaf, which is sometimes called a biblio page or (when bearing copyright data) the copyright page.
Seble Wongel
Seble Wongel (died 4 December 1567) was Empress of Ethiopia through her marriage to Lebna Dengel. She is well-known as a key political and military figure during the Ethiopian–Adal War, as well as the reigns of her sons and grandson.

Menas of Ethiopia
Menas  (Ge'ez: ሜናስ, romanized: mēnās) or Minas, throne name Admas Sagad I (Ge’ez: አድማስ ሰገድ, died 1563), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1559 until his death in 1563, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was a brother of Gelawdewos and the son of Emperor Dawit II.
Sparkling-tailed woodstar
The sparkling-tailed woodstar (Tilmatura dupontii), also known as the sparkling-tailed hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is the only species placed in the genus Tilmatura. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.

Trochilinae
Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species.
Martina Hrašnová
Martina Danišová-Hrašnová, née Danišová (21 March 1983) is a Slovak hammer thrower. Her personal best throw is 76.90 metres, achieved in May 2009 in Trnava. She was suspended from the sport from August 2003 to August 2005, because a doping out-of-competition test found nandrolon in her body. She was taking maternity in the 2010 season.

Slovak Olympic and Sports Committee
The Slovak Olympic and Sports Committee (Slovak: Slovenský olympijský a športový výbor, SOŠV; IOC Code: SVK) is the National Olympic Committee representing Slovakia in the International Olympic Committee. It is based in Bratislava, Slovakia.
Giorgio Strehler
Giorgio Strehler (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒordʒo ˈstrɛːler]; German: [ˈʃtʁeːlɐ]; 14 August 1921 – 25 December 1997) was an Italian stage director, theatre practitioner, actor, and politician. Strehler was one of the most significant figures in Italian theatre during his lifetime, described by Mel Gussow as "the grand master of Italian theater" and "one of the world's boldest and most innovative directors". He co-founded Italy's first and most significant repertory company, the Piccolo Teatro of Milan, and the Union of the Theatres of Europe. The Teatro Strehler theatre in Milan is named after him.

With the Italian Socialist Party, Strehler served as Member of the European Parliament between 1983 and 1984, representing North-West Italy. He switched parties to the Independent Left, for which he was a Senator from 1987 to 1992, representing Lombardy.

Carlo Goldoni
Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (/ɡɒlˈdoʊni/, also US: /ɡɔːlˈ-, ɡoʊlˈ-/, Italian: [ˈkarlo oˈzvaldo ɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries images of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, and conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though he wrote in French and Italian, his plays make rich use of the Venetian language, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.
Walt Czekaj
Walter A. Czekaj (April 21, 1936 – October 13, 2008) was an American football coach.  He served as the interim head football coach at Sacred Heart University for the final five games of the 1999 season following the firing of Tom Radulski.

Czekaj was born on April 21, 1936, in New York City.  He died on October 13, 2008, at The Connecticut Hospice in Branford, Connecticut, after having suffered a stroke earlier that month.

Tom Radulski
Tom Radulski (born July 24, 1955) is an American college football coach and former player. He was the second head football coach at Sacred Heart University, serving from 1997 until he was fired midway thought the 1999 season, and compiling a record of 4–22. Radulski's first season was also the Pioneers' first in NCAA Division I-AA competition. In 1999, the Pioneers left the Eastern Football Conference to join the Northeast Conference.

Radulski had previously been the first head coach in the University of Massachusetts Lowell's football program's history from 1993 to 1995. He was an assistant coach at Colby College, the University of New Hampshire, Columbia University, Hamilton College, College of the Holy Cross, and Allegheny College.
Mount Tanzawa
Mount Tanzawa (丹沢山, Tanzawa-san, -yama) is a mountain of the Tanzawa Mountains, with an elevation of 1,567.1 metres (5,141 ft). Its summit marks the border between Sagamihara,  Kiyokawa  in Aikō District, and Yamakita in Ashigarakami District.

Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of May 1, 2021, the city has an estimated population of 723,470, with 334,812 households, and a population density of 1,220 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 328.91 square kilometres (126.99 sq mi). Sagamihara is the third-most-populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed.

On April 1, 2010, the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, three wards were established: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Child Owlet
"Child Owlet" (Roud 3883, Child 291) is a traditional murder ballad. It was performed by English folk rock band Steeleye Span on their 2004 album They Called Her Babylon and by Kathryn Roberts and Sean Lakeman on their 2015 album Tomorrow Will Follow Today.

Murder ballad
Murder ballads are a subgenre of the traditional ballad form dealing with a crime or a gruesome death. Their lyrics form a narrative describing the events of a murder, often including the lead-up and/or aftermath. The term refers to the content, and may be applied to traditional ballads, part of oral culture.
Hebeloma
Hebeloma is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found worldwide, it contains the poison pie or fairy cakes (Hebeloma crustuliniforme) and the ghoul fungus (H. aminophilum), from Western Australia, which grows on rotting animal remains.

Hebeloma aminophilum
Hebeloma aminophilum, commonly known as the ghoul fungus, is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found in Western Australia, it gets its common name from the propensity of the fruiting bodies to spring out of decomposing animal remains.
Detinho
José Wellington Bento dos Santos (Chinese: 迪天奴; born 11 September 1973), known as Detinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He spent his entire professional career in Portugal and Hong Kong, retiring in his 40s.

Segunda Divisão
For the current Portuguese second-tier league, see Liga Portugal 2.

For the third-tier league, see Liga 3 (Portugal).

The Segunda Divisão Portuguesa (English: Portuguese Second Division) was a football league situated at the third level of the Portuguese football league system. The division had previously been the second level of the Portuguese pyramid but, with the creation of the Liga Portugal 2 in 1990–91, it became the third level. The competition merged with the Terceira Divisão at the end of the 2012–13 to form a new enlarged third level league, the Campeonato Nacional de Seniores.
Hashemi Rafsanjani Expressway
Hashemi Rafsanjani Expressway (Persian: بزرگراه هاشمی رفسنجانی), Also known as Niyayesh Expressway (Persian: بزرگراه نیایش) is an expressway is northern central Tehran, Iran. It starts from Valiasr Street and becomes Abshenasan Expressway after the interchange with Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway. On its way, Hashemi Rafsanjani Expressway passes Kordestan Expressway, Chamran Expressway and Yadegar-e-Emam Expressway. The eastern terminus of this expressway is connected to Sadr Expressway by a tunnel.

Abshenasan Expressway
Abshenasan Expressway (Persian: بزرگراه آبشناسان), also known as Iranpars Expressway, is an expressway in northern Tehran.

It is named after Hassan Abshenasan, former commander of the 23rd Commando Division, who was killed during Iran–Iraq War.
Donationware
Donationware is a licensing model that supplies fully operational unrestricted software to the user and requests an optional donation be paid to the programmer or a third-party beneficiary (usually a non-profit). The amount of the donation may also be stipulated by the author, or it may be left to the discretion of the user, based on individual perceptions of the software's value. Since donationware comes fully operational (i.e. not crippleware/freemium) when payment is optional, it is a type of freeware.

Freeware
Freeware is software, often proprietary, that is distributed at no monetary cost to the end user. There is no agreed-upon set of rights, license, or EULA that defines freeware unambiguously; every publisher defines its own rules for the freeware it offers. For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike with free and open-source software, which are also often distributed free of charge, the source code for freeware is typically not made available. Freeware may be intended to benefit its producer by, for example, encouraging sales of a more capable version, as in the freemium and shareware business models; or by collecting and selling user's personal data.
2024 Harvard Crimson football team
The 2024 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University as a member of the Ivy League during the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The team played its home games at Harvard Stadium in Boston and was led by first-year head coach Andrew Aurich.

Harvard Stadium
Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped college football stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Owned and operated by Harvard University, it is home to the Harvard Crimson football program and can seat just over 25,000 spectators.

Opened in 1903, it is the oldest original stadium structure still in use for college football and the nation's oldest permanent concrete structure dedicated to intercollegiate athletics. While the University of Pennsylvania's Franklin Field (1895) is the oldest site in continuous use, its current stadium structure dates from a 1922 reconstruction.

The stadium was a pioneering execution of reinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its early importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987, one of only four athletic facilities so designated.
Santa Cruz Warriors
The Santa Cruz Warriors are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Santa Cruz, California, and are affiliated with the Golden State Warriors. The Warriors play their home games at Kaiser Permanente Arena. Prior to the move to Santa Cruz for the 2012–13 season, the team was known as the Dakota Wizards. The team has won a championship in each of three leagues it has been a part of, and they are the only NBA G League team to reach the championship in three consecutive seasons.

NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year Award
The NBA G League Defensive Player of the Year is an annual NBA G League award given since the league's inaugural season to the best defensive player of the regular season. The league's head coaches determine the award by voting and it is usually presented to the honoree during the D-League playoffs.

Through the 2020–21 season, three players have been named the Defensive Player of the Year more than once: Derrick Zimmerman (2005, 2006), Stefhon Hannah (2012, 2013) and DeAndre Liggins (2014, 2016). Six international players have been named recipients: Stéphane Lasme (Gabon), Mouhamed Sene (Senegal), Walter Tavares (Cape Verde), Landry Nnoko (Cameroon), Chris Boucher (Canada), and Christ Koumadje (Chad). Jeff Myers was the inaugural winner while playing for the Greenville Groove.
Rudolf Kunz
Rudolf Kunz was a German former professional motorcycle road racer. He competed in Grand Prix motorcycle racing from 1964 to 1977.

In 1965, Kunz set a land speed record of 210.634 km/h (130.882 mph) riding a supercharged 50 cc Kreidler motorcycle at Bonneville Speedway. His career peak came in 1970, when he finished the season ranked third in the 50 cc world championship behind Ángel Nieto and Aalt Toersen.

Aalt Toersen
Aalt Toersen (born 6 November 1945 in Staphorst, Overijssel) is a Dutch former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer.

He had his best years in 1969 and 1970 when he won three races and finished the season in second place in the 50cc world championship, both times behind Angel Nieto.
Milan railway station (Xinjiang)
Milan railway station (Chinese: 米兰站) is a railway station located in Ruoqiang County, in the southern part of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. It is also called Miran railway station because it is located near the Miran Ruins, and is one station east of Charkulik railway station (若羌站) on the Golmud–Korla railway (from Golmud, Qinghai to Korla, Xinjiang) in the direction of Golmud.

Milan railway station officially began to be used in December, 2020, with the opening of the Golmud–Korla railway. Moreover, the construction of the branch line from Milan station via the dried-up Lop Nor to Hami railway station in eastern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, started in 2023, with the target completion in three years.

Hami railway station
Hami railway station is a station servicing high-speed and conventional rail in Yizhou District, Hami, Xinjiang, China.

The station is along the line of the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway connecting Hami to the rest of Xinjiang to the west and to Eastern Chinese cities. Conventional rail services continue to serve the station using the Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway.

Near the end of construction on August 22, 2015, a fire started around 17:00 and engulfed 600 square meters of the stations before firefighters extinguished the fire after a 30-minute battle. The station was reopened in 2014.
San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA or San Francisco MTA) is an agency created by consolidation of the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni), the Department of Parking and Traffic (DPT), and the Taxicab Commission. The agency oversees public transport, taxis, bicycle infrastructure, pedestrian infrastructure, and paratransit for the City and County of San Francisco.

Bus lane
A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, generally to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The related term busway describes a roadway completely dedicated for use by buses, whilst bus gate describes a short bus lane often used as a short cut for public transport. Bus lanes are a key component of a high-quality bus corridor (QBC) and bus rapid transit (BRT) network, improving bus travel speeds and reliability by reducing delay caused by other traffic.

A dedicated bus lane may occupy only part of a roadway which also has lanes serving general automotive traffic; in contrast to a transit mall which is a pedestrianized roadway also served by transit.