hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soviet espionage in the United States
As early as the 1920s, the Soviet Union, through its GRU, OGPU, NKVD, and KGB intelligence agencies, used Russian and foreign-born nationals (resident spies), as well as Communists of American origin, to perform espionage activities in the United States, forming various spy rings. Particularly during the 1940s, some of these espionage networks had contact with various U.S. government agencies. These Soviet espionage networks illegally transmitted confidential information to Moscow, such as information on the development of the atomic bomb (see atomic spies). Soviet spies also participated in propaganda and disinformation operations, known as active measures, and attempted to sabotage diplomatic relationships between the U.S. and its allies.

Iskhak Akhmerov
Iskhak Abdulovich Akhmerov (Russian: Исха́к Абду́лович Ахме́ров, Tatar: Исхак Габдулла улы Әхмәров, romanized: İsxaq Ğabdulla ulı Əxmərov) (1901–1976) was a highly decorated OGPU/NKVD (KGB) Soviet security officer, best known to historians for his role in KGB operations in the United States 1942–1945.  His name appears in the Venona decryptions over fifty times, often as signatory, and on his return to the Soviet Union in 1945/46, he rose to deputy chief of the KGB's 'illegal' intelligence section.
Marcel Detienne
Marcel Detienne (French: [dətjɛn]; October 11, 1935, Liège, Belgium – March 21, 2019, Nemours, France) was a Belgian historian and specialist in the study of ancient Greece. He was a professor at Johns Hopkins University, where he held the Basil L. Gildersleeve chair in Classics.

Along with Jean-Pierre Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Detienne has sought to apply an anthropological approach, informed by the structuralism of Claude Lévi-Strauss, to classical and archaic Greece.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Immortal 32
The Immortal 32 was a relief force of thirty-two Texian Militia from the Gonzales Ranger Company who reinforced the Texians under siege at the Alamo. They are "immortalized" as the only unit to answer the To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World letter. Along with the other Alamo defenders, they were all killed and burned after the Battle of the Alamo.

Texians
Texians were white American immigrants to Mexican Texas and, later, citizens of the Republic of Texas. Today, the term is used to identify early Anglo settlers of Texas, especially those who supported the Texas Revolution. Mexican settlers of that era are referred to as Tejanos, and American citizens of the modern State of Texas regardless of race and ethnicity are referred to as Texans.
Beachport
Beachport is a small coastal town in the Australian state of South Australia about 311 kilometres (193 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 34 kilometres (21 mi) north-west of the municipal seat in Millicent, located at the northern end of Rivoli Bay. Beachport has a large crayfishing fleet, and is known for its 772-metre (2,533 ft)-long jetty, the second-longest in South Australia after the one at Port Germein. The towns Norfolk pines, white sand beach and clear waters are alluring to visitors

Prior to European settlement starting in the 1820s, the Bungandidj people from the Mount Gambier region are the early settlers of this area. Archeological evidence shows they have inhabited this area for upwards of 30,000 years. In their language, this area was called Wirmalngrang.

Millicent, South Australia
Millicent is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about 399 kilometres (248 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the regional centre of Mount Gambier. In the 2021 census, the population was 4,760.

The town is home to the Millicent National Trust Museum, Millicent Library & Gallery, Millicent Civic & Arts Centre, the South East Family History Group, and more attractions where locals commonly go to. Millicent is also nearby to the Tantanoola Caves Conservation Park and the Canunda National Park.

Close by is Lake Bonney SE which is home to South Australia's largest wind turbine farm. Millicent is also home to a constructed lake, Lake McIntyre, home to many bird and wildlife species. Lake McIntyre takes approximately 20 minutes to walk around, and the lake also hosts over 50 species of water birds and waders.
Wolf Fire (2002)
The Wolf Fire was a large wildfire in Southern California's Ventura County, north of Ojai, in June 2002. The fire, ignited by target shooting in dry grass, began on June 1 and burned 21,645 acres (8,759 hectares) before it was completely contained on June 14. Containment cost $15 million (equivalent to $25 million in 2024). No deaths or serious injuries occurred, but the fire impacted parts of the Sespe Wilderness and the Los Padres National Forest, closing roads and campgrounds while threatening Native American cultural sites and wildlife habitat. The Wolf Fire was the sixth largest fire of the 2002 California wildfire season, during which 8,171 wildfires burned more than half a million acres (200,000 ha).

Sespe Wilderness
The Sespe Wilderness is a 219,700-acre (88,900 ha) wilderness area in the eastern Topatopa Mountains and southern Sierra Pelona Mountains, within the Los Padres National Forest (LPNF), in Ventura County, Southern California. The wilderness area is primarily located within the Ojai and Mt. Pinos ranger districts of the LPNF.

The wilderness was created by the U.S. Congress as part of the Los Padres Condor Range and River Protection Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-301). The same legislation also established the Chumash, Garcia, Machesna Mountain, Matilija, and Silver Peak Wilderness areas. The Sespe Condor Sanctuary is within the Sespe Wilderness. It was established to promote the propagation and growth of the California condor, and is closed to the public.
Hallowell family
The Hallowell family is an American family from Philadelphia and Boston, notable for their activism in the abolitionist movement and for their philanthropy to various universities and civil rights organizations. The Hallowell family is frequently associated with Boston Brahmins.

Robert Hallowell Gardiner
Robert Hallowell Gardiner (February 10, 1782 – March 22, 1864) was a prominent, educated land owner in Maine. He represented the union of two great early New England fortunes. He was the grandson of both Dr. Silvester Gardiner, the founder of Gardiner, Maine, and Benjamin Hallowell, the founder of Hallowell, Maine. He was also a trustee for the Gardiner Lyceum school. He was instrumental in the growth of the city of Gardiner.
Jack Perry
Jack Perry (born June 16, 1997) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the epithet "Jungle" Jack Perry and is one-half of Jurassic Express with Luchasaurus. He was previously known by his ring name Jungle Boy or the epithet "Jungle Boy" Jack Perry.

All Elite Wrestling casino matches
As part of a general theme, the American professional wrestling promotion All Elite Wrestling utilises various casino-themed matches: the Casino Battle Royale, a 21-man rumble-rules battle royal; the Casino Ladder Match, a nine-man ladder match where the prize – a large poker chip suspended above the ring – signifies a future AEW World Championship opportunity; and the Casino Gauntlet match, a gauntlet match where entrants gradually fill the ring and the first participant to score a pinfall or submission wins the gauntlet.
Thilo Kehrer
Jan Thilo Kehrer (German pronunciation: [ˈtiːlo ˈkeːʁɐ]; born 21 September 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defender for  Ligue 1 club Monaco and the Germany national team. Mainly a centre-back, he can also play in either full-back position.

2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League
The 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League was the second season of the UEFA Europa Conference League, Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA.

The final was played at Fortuna Arena in Prague, Czech Republic. It was won by West Ham United, who defeated Fiorentina 2–1, and qualified for the 2023–24 UEFA Europa League group stage as a result.

As the title holders, Roma qualified for the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League. They were unable to defend their title after advancing to the Europa League knockout phase.
Hungry Again
Hungry Again is the thirty-fifth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. It was released on August 25, 1998, by Decca Records and Blue Eye Records. The album was produced by Parton and her cousin, Richie Owens. It is seen as a predecessor to Parton's critically acclaimed bluegrass trilogy, The Grass Is Blue, Little Sparrow, and Halos & Horns.

Little Sparrow
Little Sparrow is the thirty-eighth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. It was released on January 23, 2001, by Sugar Hill and Blue Eye Records. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Bluegrass Album and "Shine" won Best Female Country Vocal Performance. The album is dedicated to Parton's father, Lee Parton, who died in November 2000.
Putnam County, Illinois
Putnam County is the least extensive county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 5,637. The county seat is Hennepin. The county was formed in 1825 out of Fulton County and named after Israel Putnam, who was a general in the American Revolution. Putnam County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Lego Universe
Lego Universe was a massively multiplayer online game that was available from October 2010 to January 2012. The game was developed by NetDevil and released on October 26, 2010, with an early opening (October 8, 2010) for Lego "Founders", users who had pre-ordered the game. It was globally distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Its release was delayed from original estimates of 2009. Teasers were released by Lego in 2007 and late November 2008 to promote the game, and also in 2009 for one last promotion. The game was available in English and German. The servers were shut down permanently on January 31, 2012, due to 'unsatisfactory revenue' from within the game's target audience.

E3 2010
The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 (E3 2010) was the 16th E3 held. The event took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California. It began on June 14, 2010, and ended on June 17, 2010, with 45,600 total attendees. There was also an E3 event held in Sony's PlayStation Home.
Pleasure Beach
Pleasure Beach is the Bridgeport portion of a Connecticut barrier beach that extends 2.5 miles (4 km) westerly from Point No Point (the portion in the adjoining town of Stratford is known as Long Beach). Prior to June, 2014, when Pleasure Beach re-opened, the area was Connecticut's largest and most recent ghost town after it was abandoned in the late 1990s due to a fire on the bridge connecting it to the mainland. It is surrounded on three sides by water (Lewis Gut to the north, Bridgeport Harbor to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south).

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
EE Pegasi
EE Pegasi is a variable triple star system in the northern constellation Pegasus. It is too faint to be readily visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.96. The system is located at a distance of approximately 472 light years from the Sun based on Parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −23 km/s.

This system was found to be an eclipsing binary by German astronomer Cuno Hoffmeister in 1935, and has since been the subject of multiple studies. The pair orbit each other closely with a period of 2.628 days. The magnitude 7.09 primary, component A, is an Am star with a stellar classification of A3m. It has more than double the mass and radius of the Sun. The secondary companion, component B, is an F-type main-sequence star with a class of F5V and a visual magnitude of 9.40. A third component is a smaller orange or red dwarf that orbits the main pair every 4.01 years.

F-type main-sequence star
An F-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence, core-hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F. The spectral luminosity class is V. They have from around 1.1 to 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 6,000 and 7,200 K. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed through the atmosphere. Notable examples include Procyon A, Gamma Virginis A and B, and Tabby's Star.
2015 Copa Sevilla
The 2015 Copa Sevilla was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seville, Spain between 7 and 13 September 2015.

Copa Sevilla
The Copa Sevilla is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour since 1991. It is held annually at the Real Club de Tenis Betis in Seville, Spain since 1963. It became a Challenger 125 event in September 2023, on its 60th anniversary.
The Spanish Gardener (film)
The Spanish Gardener is a 1956 VistaVision and Technicolor film based on the 1950 eponymous novel by A. J. Cronin. The film, which stars Dirk Bogarde and Jon Whiteley, was directed by Philip Leacock.

The adaptation was filmed both at Pinewood Studios near London and in Palamós nearby Mas Juny estate, as well as in S'Agaro, on the Costa Brava, Catalonia. There were also two other adaptations of the story for Brazilian television: Nicholas (1958) and O Jardineiro Espanhol (1967). The film was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.

The ending of the film differs from that of the book.

Dirk Bogarde later called it "a travesty of what it should have been... a perfectly straightforward novel... ruined as a movie. Some of it’s quite good, I suppose, but I saw it and was heartbroken because it just wasn’t true."

Pinewood Studios
Pinewood Studios is a British film and television studio located in the village Iver Heath, England, 18 miles (29 km) west of central London.

Opened in 1936, the studio has been the base for many productions from major films to television programmes, commercials, and pop promos, including the James Bond and Carry On film franchises.
Zemio
Zemio is a town and sub-prefecture in the Haut-Mbomou prefecture of the south-eastern Central African Republic. Zemio was the former capital of the Sultanate of Zemio before it was abolished in 1923 by France.

Africa Inland Mission
Established in 1895, Africa Inland Mission (AIM) is a Christian mission sending agency focused on Africa.  Their stated mission is to see "Christ-centered churches established among all African peoples." AIM established the Kapsowar Hospital in 1933.  It developed into the Africa Inland Church (AIC), based in Kenya.
Chlororespiration
Chlororespiration is a respiratory process that is thought to occur in plant chloroplasts, involving the electron transport chain (ETC) in the thylakoid membrane. It is thought to involve NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX/IMMUTANS), forming an ETC utilizing molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor. This process also interacts with the ETC in the mitochondrion where respiration takes place, as well as with photosynthesis. If photosynthesis is inhibited by environmental stressors like water deficiency, increased heat, and/or increased/decreased light exposure, or even chilling stress, then chlororespiration is one of the crucial ways that plants use to compensate for chemical energy synthesis.

Photosystem I
Photosystem I (PSI, or plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is one of two photosystems in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and cyanobacteria. Photosystem I  is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the moderate-energy hydrogen carrier NADPH. The photon energy absorbed by Photosystem I also produces a proton-motive force that is used to generate ATP. PSI is composed of more than 110 cofactors, significantly more than Photosystem II.
Marcos Acuña
Marcos Javier Acuña, nicknamed Huevo (lit. 'Egg'), (born 28 October 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a left back for Argentine Primera División club River Plate and the Argentina national team.

2014 Argentine Primera División
The 2014 Torneo de Transición or Torneo Doctor Ramón Carrillo was the 124th season of top-flight professional football in Argentina. The season was scheduled to start on August 1, 2014 but was postponed after the death of Julio Grondona, president of the AFA on July 30. Finally, it began on August 8, 2014 and ended on December 14, 2014. Originally the last match of the tournament was scheduled on December 7 but as River Plate played the finals of the 2014 Copa Sudamericana the matches Racing-Godoy Cruz and River Plate-Quilmes were played on December 14. Twenty teams competed in the league, seventeen returning from the 2013–14 season and three promoted from the 2013–14 Primera B Nacional (Championship winners Banfield, runners-up Defensa y Justicia, and 3rd place Independiente).

Colón, Argentinos Juniors and All Boys had been relegated to the Primera B Nacional championship in the previous season.
Road signs in China
Road signs in the People's Republic of China are specified in the Guobiao standard GB 5678-2022.

China's traffic signs closely follow those used in Europe, the US, and Japan. However, China is not a signatory to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.

The road signs used in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau differ from those used in Mainland China due to colonialism.

Warning signs are triangular in shape, as in Europe, but unlike European countries, warning signs in China have a black border and a yellow background instead of a red border and a white or yellow background. This makes it one of the few countries in the world to use this type of warning sign.

Road signs in Hong Kong
Road signs in Hong Kong are standardised by the Transport Department. Having previously been a British territory, the road signage in Hong Kong is similar to that of the United Kingdom, with the addition of Traditional Chinese characters.
Norman and the Killer
"Norman and the Killer" is a short story by Joyce Carol Oates originally published in Southwest Review (Spring 1965) and first collected in Upon the Sweeping Flood and Other Stories (1966) by Vanguard Press.

Joanne V. Creighton
Joanne Vanish Creighton (born 1942) is an American academic who served as the 16th President of Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, from 1996 to 2010. On August 10, 2011, the Haverford College Board of Managers named her interim President of Haverford College, replacing Stephen G. Emerson, who resigned.
Pavonia, New Netherland
Pavonia was the first European settlement on the west bank of the North River (Hudson River) that was part of the seventeenth-century province of New Netherland in what would become the present Hudson County, New Jersey.

Liberty State Park
Liberty State Park (LSP) is a 1,212 acres (490 ha) state park in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located on Upper New York Bay in Jersey City opposite Liberty Island and Ellis Island. The park opened in 1976 to coincide with bicentennial celebrations and is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry. Statue Cruises provides ferry service from the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal to Liberty Island and Ellis Island.

The park is the largest in Jersey City, the largest urban park in the state, the most visited New Jersey state park and one of the most visited state parks in the United States with approximately 4.5 million visitors each year as of 2025.

The main part of the park is bordered by water on three sides: on the north by the Morris Canal Big Basin and on the south and east by Upper New York Bay. The New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension, which is part of I-78, marks its western perimeter.
Berky
The Berky GmbH (former Anton Berkenheger GmbH & Co. KG) is a German company that manufactures machines, specialized vehicles and boats for water maintenance. The company is based in Haren (Ems) in the Emsland region.

Mower
A mower is a person or machine that cuts (mows) grass or other plants that grow on the ground. Usually mowing is distinguished from reaping, which uses similar implements, but is the traditional term for harvesting grain crops, e.g. with reapers and combines.

A smaller mower used for lawns and sports grounds (playing fields) is called a lawn mower or grounds mower, which is often self-powered, or may also be small enough to be pushed by the operator. Grounds mowers have reel or rotary cutters.
Larger mowers or mower-conditioners are mainly used to cut grass (or other crops) for hay or silage and often place the cut material into rows, which are referred to as windrows. Swathers (or windrowers) are also used to cut grass (and grain crops).  Prior to the invention and adoption of mechanized mowers, (and today in places where use a mower is impractical or uneconomical), grass and grain crops were cut by hand using scythes or sickles.
3rd Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia
The 3rd Executive Council of the People's Republic of Croatia was the state's executive organ of government from 1958 to 1963. The Executive Council was voted in at a joint session of the Republican Council and the Council of Producers on 10 April 1958.

Socialist Republic of Croatia
The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred to as simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation.

Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.