hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tribal–state compact
Tribal–state compacts are legal agreements between U.S. state government and Native American tribes primarily used for gambling, health care, child welfare, or other affairs. They are declared necessary for any Class III gaming on Indian reservations under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (IGRA).  They were designed to allow tribal and state governments to come to a "business" agreement.  A compact can be thought of as "negotiated agreement between two political entities that resolves questions of overlapping jurisdictional responsibilities Compacts affect the delicate power balance between states, federal, and tribal governments.  It is these forms that have been a major source of controversy surrounding Indian gaming.   Thus, it is understandable that the IGRA provides very detailed instructions for how states and tribes can make compacts cooperatively and also details the instructions for how the federal government can regulate such agreements.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
62nd New York State Legislature
The 62nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to May 7, 1839, during the first year of William H. Seward's governorship, in Albany.

Cortland County, New York
Cortland County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population of Cortland County was 46,809. The county seat is Cortland. The county is named after Pierre Van Cortlandt, president of the convention at Kingston that wrote the first New York State Constitution in 1777, and first lieutenant governor of the state. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cortland County comprises the Cortland, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Ithaca–Cortland, NY Combined Statistical Area.

The Cortland apple is named for the county.
Credential
A credential is a piece of any document that details a qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant or de facto authority or assumed competence to do so.

Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on. Sometimes publications, such as scientific papers or books, may be viewed as similar to credentials by some people, especially if the publication was peer reviewed or made in a well-known journal or reputable publisher.

Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.

The diploma (as a document certifying a qualification) may also be called a testamur, Latin for "we testify" or "certify" (testari), so called from the word with which the certificate begins; this is commonly used in Australia to refer to the document certifying the award of a degree. Alternatively, this document can simply be referred to as a degree certificate or graduation certificate, or as a parchment. The certificate that a Nobel laureate receives is also called a diploma.

The term diploma is also used in some historical contexts, to refer to documents signed by a monarch affirming a grant or tenure of specified land and its conditions (see Anglo-Saxon charters and diplomatics).
Rose Hill Christian High School
Rose Hill Christian High School is a private, non-profit Christian school operated by the Rose Hill Missionary Baptist Church in Ashland, Kentucky, United States. Organized in 1980, the school draws students from several Kentucky counties, as well as Ohio and West Virginia.

Ashland, Kentucky
Ashland is a home rule-class city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States. It is located on the southern bank of the Ohio River at the state border with Ohio and near West Virginia. The population was 21,625 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in Boyd County. It is a principal city of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area, referred to locally as the "Tri-State area" and home to 376,155 residents in 2020. Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeastern Kentucky.
Johi, Dadu
Johi (Sindhi: جوهي) is a town in Dadu District, Hyderabad Division, Sindh province of  Pakistan. It is located along Sindh's border with the Balochistan province. Johi town is also Taluka of Dadu District. A civil hospital is also in Johi.

Dadu District
Dadu District (Sindhi: ضلعو دادو, Urdu: ضلع دادو) is a district in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. With headquarters in the city of Dadu, the district was created in 1931 by merging Kotri and Mahal Kohistan (later Jamshoro) tehsils from Karachi District and Mehar, Khairpur Nathan Shah, Dadu, Johi and Sehwan tehsils from Larkana District.

In 2004, several talukas in the south were split off to create the new Jamshoro District. Its boundary touches four districts of Sindh: Jamshoro, Naushahro Feroze, Shaheed Benazirabad and Kamber Shahdadkot.

The main languages spoken in Dadu are Sindhi, Balochi and Urdu. Some of the popular tourist attractions in the district include the Gorakh Hill and Manchar Lake.
2025 Challenger de Santiago
The 2025 Challenger de Santiago was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santiago, Chile between 10 and 16 March 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
MS Stavangerfjord (2012)
MS Stavangerfjord is a Danish registered cruiseferry operated by Norwegian ferry operator Fjord Line. The vessel operates between Hirtshals, Stavanger, Bergen and Langesund. It is the first cruise ferry in the world powered exclusively by liquefied natural gas.

Cruiseferry
A cruiseferry or cruise ferry is a ship that combines the features of a cruise ship and a Ro-Pax (roll-on/roll-off passenger) ferry. Many passengers travel with the ships for the cruise experience, staying only a few hours at the destination port or not leaving the ship at all, while others use the ships as means of transportation. Some operators prefer to refer to them as "cruise ships with car decks."

Cruiseferries are most common in the seas of Northern Europe, especially the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. However, similar ships traffic across the English Channel as well as the Irish Sea, Mediterranean and even on the North Atlantic. Cruiseferries also operate from India, China and Australia.
Bullaburra railway station
Bullaburra railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located on the Main Western line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the Blue Mountains town of Bullaburra opening on 16 February 1925.

Main Western railway line
The Main Western railway line (or Great Western Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, and Central West regions. It is 825 kilometres (513 mi) long, of which 484 kilometres (301 mi) is currently operational.
Palais Chotek
Palais Chotek is a Baroque palace in Vienna, Austria. It is located at Währinger Straße 28 in the IX. district of Alsergrund.

The building is named after the noble Chotek family. For over a century, it has been the headquarters of the Friedrich Otto Schmidt home furnishings company.

Chotek family
The Chotek family was an old and influential Czech noble family in the Kingdom of Bohemia, whose members occupied many important positions within the Holy Roman Empire and later in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Brockman 4 mine
The Brockman 4 mine is an iron ore mine located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, 60 km (37 mi) north-west of Tom Price. The mine, located near the existing Brockman mine, was opened in 2010. The mine is fully owned and operated by Rio Tinto Iron Ore, which owns many mines in the area. The mine is serviced by the Boolgeeda Airport.

In May 2020, Rio Tinto achieved notoriety for its blasting of archaeologically highly significant and also culturally sensitive Australian Aboriginal sacred sites in Juukan Gorge in order to expand Brockman 4. A government inquiry was established to investigate the incident on 11 June 2020.

The Hamersley Range, where the mine is located, is, with 80% of all identified iron ore reserves in Australia, one of the major iron ore provinces in the world.

Tom Price, Western Australia
Tom Price is a mining town in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.  It is located inland, at the edge of the Hamersley Range. Tom Price is the highest town above sea level (747 m (2,451 ft)) in Western Australia, and is consequently dubbed "Top Town in WA".
History of the Chouf region
The Chouf region, also spelled Shouf, is a historical and geographical area located in the central part of Lebanon. Like much of Lebanon, the Chouf was inhabited by the Phoenicians, an ancient Semitic civilization known for their seafaring skills and trade. However, Evidence of inhabitance in the mountains dates back to the 5th century B.C.E. and archaeological evidence, consisting of Roman burial sites and pottery has proved a continuous inhabitation since 450 B.C.E.

Barouk
Barouk (Arabic: باروك) is a village in the Chouf District of Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. Barouk is located 52 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Its average elevation is 1000 to 1200 meters above sea level and its total land area consists of 2,762 hectares. The village had 5,197 registered voters in 2010. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze and Maronite and Melkite Christians.

Historically, Barouk is known for being the "land of good", because of its fountain, Nabeh-el-Barouk. The poet Rachid Nakhle, the writer of the national anthem, "Kulluna lel watan", was born in Barouk. The village is also well known for its apples and other fruits, and for its many pine and oak forests. Barouk is named after the adjacent mountain of Jabal el-Barouk ('Mount Barouk'), which stands 1,943 meters above sea level. The mountain also has the largest nature reserve in Lebanon, the Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve.
Polar Capital Global Healthcare Trust
Polar Capital Global Healthcare Trust (LSE: PCGH), is a large British investment trust focused on investments in the health sector. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
South Africa men's national softball team
The South Africa men's national softball team is the men's national softball team of South Africa administered by Softball South Africa. The team competed at the 1996 ISF Men's World Championship in Midland, Michigan where they finished with 7 wins and 4 losses with Papate Mphahlele as pitcher of the season.  The team competed at the 2000 ISF Men's World Championship in East London, South Africa where they finished eighth. The team competed at the 2004 ISF Men's World Championship in Christchurch, New Zealand where they finished twelfth.  The team competed at the 2009 ISF Men's World Championship in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan where they finished fifteenth.

Men's Softball World Cup
The Men's Softball World Cup, known through 2015 as the ISF Men's World Championship, is a softball tournament for the best national men's teams in the world. From 1966 to 2013 it was held every four years, first by the International Softball Federation (ISF) and from 2019 an onward it is held every two years by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the 16 best teams in the world compete.
Industrial Revolution in Wales
The Industrial Revolution in Wales was the adoption and developments of new technologies in Wales in the 18th and 19th centuries as part of the Industrial Revolution, resulting in increases in the scale of industry in Wales.

Cynon Valley
Cynon Valley (Welsh: Cwm Cynon) is a former coal mining valley in Wales. It lies between Rhondda and the Merthyr Valley and takes its name from the River Cynon. Aberdare is located in the north of the valley and Mountain Ash in the south. From 1974 to 1996, Cynon Valley was a local government district.

At the 2001 census, the Cynon Valley had a population of 63,512, 12.1% of whom were Welsh speakers. In common with some of the other South Wales Valleys, Cynon Valley had a high percentage of Welsh speakers until the early 20th century.
1946 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1946 in Afghanistan. The Afghan tribal revolts had receded by this time as most rebels had surrendered in October 1945, though pockets of resistance continued the insurgency. In June, Afghanistan applied for United Nations membership; the request was granted and the nation took its seat in November.

Shah Mahmud Khan
Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (Pashto/Dari:  سردار شاه محمود خان – 1890 – 27 December 1959) was the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from May 1946 to 7 September 1953, under King Mohammad Zahir Shah's monarchy. He was from the Pashtun tribe of Barakzai Mohammadzai. He was a brother of King Mohammad Nadir Shah, who ousted Habibullāh Kalakāni (also known as Bacha-ye Saqao), and uncle of both Zahir Shah and Sardar Mohammad Daoud Khan, his eventual successor. His other two brothers are Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan and Sardar Shah Wali Khan. He was married to Safora Sultan, a sister of Amanullah Khan.
Emergency medical services in Belgium
Emergency medical services in Belgium (Dutch: dringende geneeskundige hulpverlening, French: aide médicale urgente, German: dringende medizinische Hilfe) are commonly available throughout the country. In Belgium, the provision of prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) is assured by a network of various public and private (both non-profit and for-profit) organizations. The EMS system as a whole is overseen by Belgium's federal government, primarily by the FPS Health and the federal minister of Health. An EMS intervention typically starts by placing a call to one of the country's emergency call centres (PSAPs) through the 112 telephone number. The emergency call centre then sends the most appropriate EMS resources to the patient. After on-scene care, the patient will typically be transported to the emergency department (ED) of a hospital for further treatment. The responsibility of the Belgian EMS system ends with the receiving hospital taking charge of the patient.

Emergency medical technician
An emergency medical technician (EMT) is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to at least be EMT certified.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments. Some EMTs are paid employees, while others (particularly those in rural areas) are volunteers. EMTs provide medical care under a set of protocols, which are typically written by a physician.

EMTs often work alongside other EMS professionals such as paramedics, who receive additional training and are granted a greater scope of practice.
Sun Fo
Sun Fo (Chinese: 孫科; pinyin: Sūn Kē; Jyutping: Syun1 Fo1; 21 October 1891 – 13 September 1973), courtesy name Zhesheng (哲生), was a Chinese politician and high-ranking official in the government of the Republic of China. He was the son of Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, and his first wife Lu Muzhen. He was considered the leader of the liberal wing of the Kuomintang.

Liberalism in China
Liberalism (simplified Chinese: 自由主义; traditional Chinese: 自由主義; pinyin: zìyóu zhǔyì) in Greater China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the later years of the Qing dynasty and the Republican period. It focuses more on individualism, rather than communitarianism; a common feature of conservatism in China. Prominent liberals were attacked in the early years of the People's Republic of China but liberal ideas became influential after the end of the Cultural Revolution.

In the People's Republic of China, liberal thought covers a significant range of intellectual currents. Among others, varieties of liberal thought in the PRC include the liberal Marxists of the 1980s and the neoliberals of the 1990s.
Slumber Party Massacre III
Slumber Party Massacre III (also known as Captive Women in the Philippines) is a 1990 American slasher film directed by Sally Mattison and written by Catherine Cyran. It is the third and final installment in the original Slumber Party Massacre trilogy, and stars Keely Christian, Brittain Frye, M.K. Harris, David Greenlee, Hope Marie Carlton and Maria Ford. The film follows a group of teenage girls in California, whose slumber party is crashed by a deranged killer.

Slumber Party Massacre III grossed $1.2 million at the box office on a budget of $350,000. Much like its predecessors, the film has developed a cult following, but is often considered the worst of the trilogy.

New Concorde
New Concorde (NC) is an American film distribution company founded by Roger Corman. NC got its start in 1983 when Corman formed the production and distribution Concorde-New Horizons (CNH) as one of the first production companies to develop and take advantage of video as a distribution tool.

The company was originally Concorde-New Horizons, which was itself created when Corman combined his two new companies Concorde Pictures (CP) and New Horizons Pictures in 1983. The company is now officially known as New Horizons Picture Corp.
Foshan West Railway Station (Foshan Metro)
Foshan West Railway Station (Chinese: 佛山西站; pinyin: Fóshānxī Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Fahtsāan Sāi Jaahm) is a station on Line 3 of Foshan Metro, located in Foshan's Nanhai District underneath Foshan West railway station. It opened on 23 August 2024.

Nanhai, Foshan
Nanhai District (simplified Chinese: 南海区; traditional Chinese: 南海區) or Namhoi (from Cantonese, Jyutping: naam4 hoi2), is a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China. Its government is the first to have developed e-government informatization at the county level in China.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL)-7-like cytokine, alarmin, and growth factor involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, primarily those of the immune system. It shares a common ancestor with IL-7.

Originally appreciated for its role in immune cell proliferation and development, and then for its pivotal role in type 2 immune responses, TSLP is now known to be involved in other types of immune responses, autoimmune disease, and certain cancers.

Respiratory epithelium
Respiratory epithelium, or airway epithelium, is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium a type of columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract as respiratory mucosa, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. It is not present in the vocal cords of the larynx, or the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, where instead the epithelium is stratified squamous. It also functions as a barrier to potential pathogens and foreign particles, preventing infection and tissue injury by the secretion of mucus and the action of mucociliary clearance.
Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Suli Darreh
Suli Darreh (Persian: سوليدره, also Romanized as Sūlī Darreh, Solū Darreh, Sūlīdareh, and Suli-Darrekh) is a village in Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District, Ziaabad District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 13 families.

Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District
Dodangeh-ye Olya Rural District (Persian: دهستان  دودانگه عليا) is in Ziaabad District of Takestan County, Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Farsajin. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ziaabad, now a city.
Dubočica Stadium
Dubočica Stadium (Serbian: Стадион Дубочица / Stadion Dubočica) is a football stadium in Leskovac, Serbia. It is the home ground of GFK Dubočica. The stadium consists of four stands with a total seating capacity of 8,136.

Leskovac
Leskovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковац, pronounced [lěskoʋats]) is a city and the administrative center of the Jablanica District in southern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 58,338 while the city administrative area has 123,950 inhabitants.
OGLE-TR-113
OGLE-TR-113 is a dim, distant magnitude 16 binary star in the star fields of the constellation Carina. Because of its distance of about 1,930 light years, and location in a crowded field it was not notable in any way. Its apparent brightness changes when one of its planets transits, so the star has been given the variable star designation V752 Carinae.   Spectral type of the star is type K dwarf star, slightly cooler and less luminous than the Sun.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).