hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaap Schröder
Jaap Schröder (31 December 1925 – 1 January 2020) was a Dutch violinist, conductor, and pedagogue.

He studied at the Amsterdam Conservatory and at the Sorbonne in France.  In the 1960s he was a member of the Dutch early music group Concerto Amsterdam and made recordings with Gustav Leonhardt, Anner Bylsma, Frans Brüggen and others. Since 1981 he served as the director and concertmaster of the Academy of Ancient Music, and in 1982 he was appointed the visiting music director of the Smithsonian Chamber Players.  He served as a faculty member at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, Yale School of Music and the Luxembourg Conservatory.

Concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister), first chair (US) or leader (UK) is the principal first violin player in an orchestra, or the principal clarinetist or oboist in a concert band. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble.
Megrim
The megrim, megrim sole, whiff, or Cornish sole (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) is a species of left-eyed flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is found in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea between 100 and 700 m (330 and 2,300 ft) below sea level. It is caught commercially by some countries.

Scophthalmidae
The Scophthalmidae are a family of flatfish found in the North Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. Fish of this family are known commonly as turbots, though this name can refer specifically to Scophthalmus maximus, as well. Some common names found in species of this family are turbots, windowpanes, and brills.

Cladistic analysis reveals that this family is a monophyletic group.

Of all the scophthalmids, the largest species (Scophthalmus maximus) reaches approximately one meter in length. Some species in the family have been historically fished commercially (predominantly the brill flatfish and the turbot flatfish, S.rhombus and S. maximus respectively).
Kasha varnishkes
Kashe varnishkes (sometimes Americanized as kasha varnishkas) is a traditional dish of the Jewish Ashkenazi community. It combines kasha (buckwheat groats) with noodles, typically bow-tie shape lokshen egg noodles.

Buckwheat groats (gretshkes/greytshkelach or retshkes/reytshkelach in Yiddish) are prepared separately from, and then fried together with, lokshen and tsibelach (onions) in schmaltz (poultry fat). Sometimes briye (chicken or beef stock) is used in the preparation.

Schmaltz
Schmaltz (also spelled schmalz or shmalz) is rendered (clarified) chicken or goose fat. It is an integral part of traditional Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, where it has been used for centuries in a wide array of dishes, such as chicken soup, latkes, matzah brei, chopped liver, matzah balls, fried chicken, and many others, as a cooking fat, spread, or flavor enhancer.
Winnipegosis komatiite belt
The Winnipegosis komatiite belt is a 150 km (93 mi) long and 30 km (19 mi) wide greenstone belt located in the Lake Winnipegosis area of central Manitoba, Canada. It has no surface exposure and was identified based on geophysical signatures and drilling during mineral exploration by Cominco during the 1990s. The belt has an age of 1870 ± 7 million years and is predominantly composed of basaltic and komatiitic volcanic rocks with minor intrusive and sedimentary rocks. The belt is considered part of the larger Circum-Superior Belt and was likely generated by a mantle plume. The Winnipegosis Komatiite Belt is notable as one of the few examples of komatiite formed during the Proterozoic.

Cumulate rock
Cumulate rocks are igneous rocks formed by the accumulation of crystals from a magma either by settling or floating. Cumulate rocks are named according to their texture; cumulate texture is diagnostic of the conditions of formation of this group of igneous rocks. Cumulates can be deposited on top of other older cumulates of different composition and colour, typically giving the cumulate rock a layered or banded appearance.
Semantoridae
Semantoridae is an extinct family of stem-pinnipeds with fossils found in France, Kazakhstan, and Canada, dating back to various points in time in the Miocene epoch. Based on their overall anatomy semantorids were not marine specialists, as their elongated bodies, a long tail and robust limbs suggest they were freshwater animals not unlike otters. Indeed, at least some taxa such as Semantor and Potamotherium were initially classified as mustelids closely related to otters.

Potamotherium
Potamotherium ('river beast') an extinct genus of caniform carnivoran from the Miocene epoch of France and Germany. It has historically been assigned to the family Mustelidae (otters, weasels, etc.), but more recent studies suggest that it represents a primitive relative of pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, etc.)
2016 Aegon Surbiton Trophy
The 2016 Aegon Surbiton Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the thirteenth edition of the tournament for the men and the fourteenth edition of the tournament for the women. It was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total prize money of €42,500 for men and $50,000 for women. It took place in Surbiton, United Kingdom, on 6–12 June 2016.

Surbiton Trophy
The Surbiton Trophy was a tennis tournament for male and female professional players played on grass courts. The event was held annually in Surbiton, England, from 1997 through 2008 as part of the ATP Challenger Series and ITF Women's Circuit. In 2009, it was replaced by the Aegon Trophy in Nottingham. In 2015, the event resumed on both the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Women's Circuit. It was the successor tournament to the Surrey Championships (1890–1981) also played at the same venue and location. The mixed event came to an end in 2024.

The tournament was not held in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but returned in 2022.

Jim Thomas is the doubles record holder with four titles, while Kristina Brandi is the singles record holder with three titles, including back to back wins.

As of 2023, Yanina Wickmayer became the first person to win both the singles and doubles titles in the same year.
Wely
Wely is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Neder-Betuwe, and lies about 8 km south of Wageningen.

It was first mentioned in the late 11th century as "apud VUelie". The etymology is unknown. The postal authorities have placed it under Dodewaard.

Wageningen
Wageningen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋaːɣənɪŋə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of 39,635 in 2021, of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries.
Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius
Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. sclerotiicarbonarius belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 2008. It has been isolated from Thai coffee beans.

The genome of A. sclerotiicarbonarius was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 37.62 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Claife
Claife is a civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness Unitary Authority of Cumbria, England. It is situated west of Windermere, and east of Esthwaite Water and the village of Hawkshead. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 392, reducing to 298 at the 2011 census. Settlements in the parish include two villages, Near and Far Sawrey in the south; and the hamlets of High Wray, Low Wray, Colthouse and Loanthwaite in the north.

In the central area of the parish is Claife Heights, a hilly area which rises to 800 feet (240 m) above sea level at Latterbarrow and contains several tarns. There is one major road in the parish, the B5285 connecting Hawkshead to the Windermere Ferry terminus at Far Sawrey.

At Low Wray is Wray Castle, a 19th-century house and grounds now owned by the National Trust. Many of the woodlands in the parish, including the area alongside Windermere are part of the National Trust's Hawkshead and Claife property.

Claife Heights
Claife Heights is an upland area in the Lake District, near to Windermere in Cumbria, England. It has a topographic prominence of 177 metres (581 ft) so is classified as a Marilyn (a hill with prominence of at least 150m).

It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland.  He describes a clockwise circuit starting at Far Sawrey and passing Moss Eccles Tarn. He says "Claife Heights is delightful. It was more so before forestry curtailed walking and restricted the views." and describes it as "No definite summit. Highest parts about 900ft."
Jacobins Convent, Nantes
The former Jacobins Convent in Nantes, France, was constructed in the 13th century and underwent modifications until the 18th century. Only one building, known as "l'Hostellerie des Jacobins", remains from this period. It was situated in the city center, near the Château des ducs de Bretagne.

Musée Dobrée
The Musée Dobrée is an archeology museum in Nantes, in the quartier Graslin in the immediate outskirts of the city centre and very close to the city's Natural History Museum. It was given to the city by Thomas Dobrée (13 August 1810 – 1895) and now belongs to the Conseil général de la Loire-Atlantique. In January 2010, the Conseil général began a project to restructure and modernise the museum, which was completed in 2024.
Chemical kinetics
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.

Autocatalysis
A chemical reaction is autocatalytic if one of the reaction products is also a catalyst for the same reaction. Many forms of autocatalysis are recognized.

A set of chemical reactions can be said to be "collectively autocatalytic" if a number of those reactions produce, as reaction products, catalysts for enough of the other reactions that the entire set of chemical reactions is self-sustaining given an input of energy and food molecules (see autocatalytic set).
Desert (philosophy)
Desert (/dɪˈzɜːrt/) in philosophy is the condition of being deserving of something, whether good or bad. One type of this is moral desert. It is a concept often associated with justice and morality: that good deeds should be rewarded and evil deeds punished.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Tan Tiang Po
Tan Tiang Po, Luitenant der Chinezen (1846–1912), also spelled Tan Tjeng Po, was a colonial Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat, landowner, philanthropist and the penultimate Landheer (landlord) of the domain (particuliere land) of Batoe-Tjepper in the Dutch East Indies.

Landheer
In the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), a Landheer (Dutch for 'landlord'; plural, Landheeren) was the lord or owner of a particuliere landerij, a private domain in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the colony. Dutch jurists described the legal jurisdiction of a Landheer over his domain as ‘sovereign’ and comparable to that of the rulers of indirectly ruled princely states in the Indies. By law, the Landheer possessed landsheerlijke rechten or hak-hak ketuanan [seigniorial jurisdiction] over the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government.

The Landheer's country seat on his domain was called a Landhuis or Rumah Kongsi. In this context, 'Kongsi' meant 'Lord' or 'his Lordship', and was a title used by the Chinese Landheeren, who were invariably scions of the Cabang Atas gentry.
Anand Nagar metro station (Pune)
Anand Nagar is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Aqua Line of Pune Metro in Pune, India. The station was opened on 6 March 2022 as an inauguration of Pune Metro and was the first to be completed. From March 2022 to August 2023, the Aqua Line was operational between Vanaz and Garware College. The extended section between Garware College to Ruby Hall Clinic was inaugurated on 1 August 2023. So the metro operated from Vanaz to Ruby Hall Clinic. Later the remaining stretch was completed and the line operates till Ramwadi from 6 March 2024.

Ruby Hall Clinic metro station
Ruby Hall Clinic is the elevated eastern terminal metro station on the East - West corridor of the Aqua Line of Pune Metro in Pune, India. The station was opened on 1 August 2023 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I. Aqua Line operates between Vanaz and Ramwadi.
Goginan
Goginan is a small village in Ceredigion, Wales, about 7 miles outside Aberystwyth on the A44 between Ponterwyd and Capel Bangor. Afon Melindwr runs through the village, and is a tributary of the Afon Rheidol.

The village originally grew around farms in the area, but increased with the development of local mines.

To the east of the villages lies a Grade II Listed 19th century house thought to be associated with the lead mines in the area; it is probably the Goginan mine manager's house. Cadw Building ID: 9857.

Capel Bangor
Capel Bangor (Welsh: Penllwyn) is a small village in Ceredigion, Wales, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Aberystwyth.

The A44 road and the seasonal Vale of Rheidol Railway pass through.

In the 2011 census, the population was 256, with 63% born in Wales.
New Jersey Route 157
Route 157 is a short state highway in the city of Absecon, New Jersey. The route runs for only 0.91 miles (1.46 km) as North Shore Road from an intersection with U.S. Route 30 (US 30), County Route 585 (CR 585) and Atlantic County Route 601 in the center of Absecon to an intersection with U.S. Route 9 in the northern portion of the city. The route is a former alignment of U.S. Route 9/State Highway Route 4 through Absecon, intersecting with State Highway Route 43 starting in the 1927 state highway renumbering. The route stayed on the alignment until 1930, when U.S. Route 9/Route 4 was bypassed to the west. The former alignment remained unnumbered until the 1953 state highway renumbering, when it was designated as Route 157.

1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering
In 1927, New Jersey's state highways were renumbered. The old system, which had been defined in sequence by the legislature since 1916, was growing badly, as several routes shared the same number, and many unnumbered state highways had been defined. A partial renumbering was proposed in 1926, but instead a total renumbering was done in 1927.

Some amendments were made in 1929, including the elimination of Route 18N (by merging it into Route 1), and the addition of more spurs, as well as Route 29A, but the system stayed mostly intact until the 1953 renumbering.
Daniel Schulman (writer)
Daniel Schulman is an American author and journalist. He is a senior editor at the Washington, D.C. bureau of Mother Jones. In 2014, he wrote the book Sons of Wichita, a biography of the Koch family. In 2015, Schulman, along with David Corn, released a story in Mother Jones questioning whether Bill O'Reilly's story about his coverage of the Falklands War was accurate.

Mother Jones (magazine)
Mother Jones (abbreviated MoJo) is a nonprofit American progressive magazine that focuses on news, commentary, and investigative journalism on topics including politics, environment, human rights, health, healthcare and culture. Clara Jeffery serves as editor-in-chief of the magazine. Monika Bauerlein has been the CEO since 2015. Mother Jones was published by the Foundation for National Progress, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, until 2024, when it merged with current publisher The Center for Investigative Reporting, the oldest investigative nonprofit news organization in the U.S.

The magazine is named after Mary Harris Jones, known as Mother Jones, an Irish-American trade union activist, socialist advocate, and ardent opponent of child labor.
Accessory visual structures
The accessory visual structures (or adnexa of eye, ocular adnexa, etc.) are the protecting and supporting structures (adnexa) of the eye, including the eyebrow, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus. The eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal gland and drainage apparatus all play a crucial role with regard to globe protection, lubrication, and minimizing the risk of ocular infection. The adnexal structures also help to keep the cornea moist and clean.

One source defines "ocular adnexa" as the orbit, conjunctiva, and eyelids. The orbit and extraocular muscles allow for the smooth movement of the eyeball.

Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eyeball which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power. In humans, the refractive power of the cornea is approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be reshaped by surgical procedures such as LASIK.

While the cornea contributes most of the eye's focusing power, its focus is fixed. Accommodation (the refocusing of light to better view near objects) is accomplished by changing the geometry of the lens.  Medical terms related to the cornea often start with the prefix "kerat-" from the Greek word κέρας, horn.
Layard Jayasundera
Senator Layard Jayasundera as a Ceylonese politician. He was the Minister of Local Government and Housing and the Minister for Internal Security in the cabinet of W. Dahanayake and a member of the Senate of Ceylon.

A tea planter by profession, he was appointed an unofficial member of the Colombo Port Commission in 1956. He succeeded Vimala Wijewardene as Minister of Local Government and Housing and having been appointed to the Senate. In January 1960 he was appointed Minister for Internal Security. The Ceylon Police Force was placed under the Minister and Sydney de Zoysa served as Permanent Secretary.

Ministry of Public Administration, Home Affairs, Provincial Councils and Local Government
The Ministry of Public Administration, Home Affairs, Provincial Councils and Local Government (Sinhala: රාජ්‍ය පරිපාලන, ස්වදේශ කටයුතු, පළාත් සභා හා පළාත් පාලන අමාත්‍යාංශය; Tamil: பொதுநிருவாக, உள்நாட்டலுவல்கள், மாகாண சபைகள் மற்றும் உள்ளூராட்சி அமைச்சு) is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Sri Lanka responsible for provincial councils and local government. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on provincial councils and Local Government and other subjects which come under its purview. The current Minister of Provincial Councils and Local Government is Dinesh Gunawardena. The ministry's secretary is H. T. Kamal Pathmasiri. The ministry has had oversight of drafting the 20th Amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution.
Wauraltee, South Australia
Wauraltee is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Yorke Peninsula about 102 kilometres (63 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the municipal seat  of Maitland.

Wauraltee's boundaries were created on 27 May 1999  and given the “local established name” which is derived from a local aboriginal word.

Wauraltee is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area of the Yorke Peninsula Council.

Yorke Peninsula
The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait.

The most populous town in the region is Kadina; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park.
Gelli Farmhouse, Llanvetherine
Gelli Farmhouse, Llanvetherine, Monmouthshire, is a farmhouse dating from the early 17th century. The settlement at Gelli-wig has a recorded history dating from the 14th century.  The house is Grade II* listed.

Cyril Fox
Sir Cyril Fred Fox FSA FBA MRIA (16 December 1882 – 15 January 1967) was an English archaeologist and museum director.

Fox became keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, and subsequently served as director from 1926 to 1948. Many of his most notable achievements were collaborative. With his second wife, Aileen Fox, he surveyed and excavated several prehistoric monuments in Wales. With Iorwerth Peate, he established the Welsh Folk Museum at St Fagans, and with Lord Raglan, he authored a definitive history of vernacular architecture, Monmouthshire Houses.
Devolver Bootleg
Devolver Bootleg is a Video Game compilation of demakes video games based on real Devolver Digital Franchises developed by studio Doinksoft and published by Devolver Digital. It was announced during Devolver Digital's press conference at E3 2019 and released on 10 June 2019.

Video game compilation
A video game compilation is a type of product bundling in which different video games are available for purchase as a special collection. They are often stored on the same physical media or digital package, making use of menu interfaces that allow players to select the game they want to play. They are a form of video game preservation.
Morciano di Romagna
Morciano di Romagna (Romagnol: Murzèn or Murcièn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. It is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Rimini. The Conca flows past the town.

San Clemente, Emilia-Romagna
San Clemente (Romagnol: San Climènt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rimini, but before 1992 in the Province of Forlì, in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Bologna, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Forlì and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Rimini.