hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Bowman
Colonel Abraham Bowman (October 16, 1749 – November 9, 1837) was an 18th-century American frontiersman and American Revolutionary War military officer.  Bowman served as an officer and later commanded the 8th Virginia Regiment popularly known as the "German Regiment".

He and his brothers Colonel John Bowman (1738–1784), Major Joseph Bowman (c. 1752 – 1779), and Captain Isaac Bowman (1757–1826) were among the earliest settlers in Kentucky and were excellent horsemen known as the "Four Centaurs of Cedar Creek". His grandson, John Bryan Bowman, founded Kentucky University and the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky. His father George Bowman and grandfather Jost Hite were both well-known Virginian pioneers and the first to explore and settle Shenandoah Valley.

Fayette County, Kentucky
Fayette County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky and is consolidated with the city of Lexington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 322,570, making it the second-most populous county in the commonwealth. Since 1974, its territory, population and government have been shared with Lexington. Fayette County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ictis
Ictis (Ancient Greek: Ἴκτιν, romanized: Íktin) was a British island described as a tin trading centre in the Bibliotheca historica of the Sicilian-Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, writing in the first century BC.

While Ictis is widely accepted to have been an island somewhere off the southern coast of what is now England, scholars continue to debate its precise location. Candidates include St Michael's Mount and Looe Island off the coast of Cornwall, the Mount Batten peninsula and Burgh Island in Devon, Hengistbury Head in Dorset and the Isle of Wight further to the east.

Dittography
Dittography is the accidental, erroneous act of repeating a letter, word, phrase or combination of letters by a scribe or copyist. The term is used in the field of textual criticism, especially in critical studies of ancient or biblical literature. The opposite phenomenon, in which a copyist omits text by skipping from a word or phrase to a similar word or phrase further on, is known as haplography.
Tetrahydrocortisol
Tetrahydrocortisol, or urocortisol, also known as 3α,11β,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one, is a steroid and an inactive metabolite of cortisol.

Tetrahydrocortisol is a neurosteroid and has been found to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, similarly to pregnenolone sulfate.

Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.

Cortisol is produced in many animals, mainly by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in an adrenal gland. In other tissues, it is produced in lower quantities. By a diurnal cycle, cortisol is released and increases in response to stress and a low blood-glucose concentration. It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, suppress the immune system, and aid in the metabolism of calories. It also decreases bone formation. These stated functions are carried out by cortisol binding to glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors inside a cell, which then bind to DNA to affect gene expression.
Maksar-e Vosta
Maksar-e Vosta (Persian: مكسروسطي, also Romanized as Maksar-e Vostá; also known as Maksar-e Mīānī) is a village in Jarahi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 20 families.

Central District (Bandar Mahshahr County)
The Central District of Bandar Mahshahr County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان ماهشهر) is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar-e Mahshahr.

Bandar-e Mahshahr is an ancient city and port in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. Originally known as Reyshahr and then Machuleh, it eventually came to be known as Bandar-e Ma'shoor. The name changed again in 1965, this time to Bandar-e Mah Shahr. The word Mah-shahr means "city of the moon."
Hitler's War
Hitler's War is a biographical book by the British author  David Irving. It describes the Second World War from the point of view of Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany.

It was first published in April 1977 by Hodder & Stoughton and Viking Press. Avon Books reissued it in 1990. In 2002 Focal Point Publications published a revised illustrated edition, combined with Irving's The War Path, as a 1024-page hardcover.

Critical reception was mostly negative, with academics largely criticizing the book for historical negationism around Hitler's involvement in the Holocaust. Despite (or perhaps because of) the controversy Hitler's War generated, it was a best-seller in 1977. In particular, Hitler's War was a best-seller in Germany.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Callaeidae
Callaeidae (sometimes Callaeatidae) is a family of passerine birds endemic to New Zealand. It contains three genera, with five species in the family.  One species, the huia, became extinct early in the 20th century, while the South Island kokako is critically endangered and may be extinct.

Although sometimes known as wattled crows, they are not corvids and are only distantly related to crows - New Zealand wattlebirds is the informal name for this family used by the scientific community.

North Island saddleback
The North Island saddleback (Philesturnus rufusater) is a forest-dwelling passerine bird species endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It was once considered conspecific with the South Island saddleback. The IUCN lists the species as Near Threatened, while it is listed as a "relict" species in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. Saddlebacks are known in Māori as tīeke.
2001 St. Petersburg Open
The 2001 St. Petersburg Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Petersburg Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg in Russia and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from October 22 through October 28, 2001.

2001 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The 2001 ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the Tennis Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series.
Genesis Survivor Gaiarth
Genesis Survivor Gaiarth (創世機士ガイアース, Jeneshisu Sabaibā Gaiāsu) was an anime OVA series produced by AIC and Artmic in 1992. The story takes place in a post-apocalyptic, dystopian future, chronicling the story of a young man named Ital Del Labard and his partner, the war-roid Zaxon. It was licensed and distributed in North America in 1993 by AnimEigo, an anime subtitling/licensing company. It was released on VHS and Laserdisc with the title Genesis Surviver [sic] Gaiarth. This title is still one of the publisher's many titles without a DVD release in the United States. There has only been a DVD release of the title in Japan published by Geneon Universal.

Anime International Company
Anime International Company, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社アニメインターナショナルカンパニー, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Anime Intānashonaru Kanpanī), often abbreviated as AIC, is a Japanese animation studio founded on June 15, 1982, and located in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan. On December 10, 2015, AIC Rights Company, Inc. was established through a company split, in which AIC Rights received the transfer of some of the copyrights owned by Anime International Company.

Their notable works include series such as Tenchi Muyo!, Bubblegum Crisis, El Hazard, and several adaptations of the manga Oh My Goddess!.

AIC had eight sub-studios within itself, named: AIC Asta (2003, formerly: AIC A.S.T.A.), AIC Spirits (2003), AIC Digital (2003), AIC Plus+ (2006), AIC Takarazuka (2006), AIC Build (2010), AIC Classic (2010) and AIC Frontier (2012).
Márcio Montarroyos
Márcio Montarroyos (8 July 1948 – 12 December 2007) was a Brazilian jazz trumpet player.

Starting his studies with classical piano, he later went to trumpet and jazz. In the 1970s, he traveled to the US to study at the Berklee School of Music. In 1988, Swiss television invited Montarroyos to produce two one-hour concerts together with German guitar player Sigi Schwab, bassist Marc Egan, percussionist Freddie Santiago and drummer Guillermo Marchena. In 1992, German TV network ZDF invited him, together with Sigi Schwab, to play a live concert. In the same year both artists played at the Munich Studio 2000+2 .

He played with artists including Stevie Wonder, Sérgio Mendes, Sarah Vaughan, Hermeto Pascoal, Nancy Wilson, Egberto Gismonti, Carlos Santana, Milton Nascimento, Ella Fitzgerald, Tom Jobim and Ney Matogrosso.

Montarroyos died on 12 December 2007 of lung cancer.

Sérgio Mendes
Sérgio Santos Mendes (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈsɛʁʒju ˈsɐ̃tuz ˈmẽdʒis]; 11 February 1941 – 5 September 2024) was a Brazilian musician.

His career took off with worldwide hits by his band Brasil '66. He released 35 albums and was known for playing bossa nova, often mixed with funk. He was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Song in 2012 as a co-writer of "Real in Rio" from the animated film Rio.

Mendes was primarily known in the United States, where his albums were recorded and where most of his touring took place. He was married to Gracinha Leporace, who performed with him from the early 1970s. Mendes collaborated with many artists, including Black Eyed Peas, with whom he re-recorded in 2006 a remake of his 1966 version of the song "Mas que nada", which was a breakthrough hit for him.
Nu2 Arae
Nu2 Arae is a star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ν2 Arae, and abbreviated Nu2 Ara or ν2 Ara. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.10. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 564 light-years (173 parsecs) from the Earth. It is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +19 km/s.

The stellar classification of B9.5 III-IV shows this to be a B-type star with a spectrum that displays features of both the subgiant and giant star stages. Stellar models predict this is a main sequence (dwarf) star with 2.4 times the mass of the Sun and 3.9 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 117 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,586 K.

The star is sometimes referred as Upsilon2 Arae (υ2 Arae).

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
Weeping tree
Weeping trees are trees characterized by soft, limp twigs. This characterization may lead to a bent crown and pendulous branches that can cascade to the ground. While weepyness occurs in nature, most weeping trees are cultivars. Because of their shape, weeping trees are popular in landscaping; generally they need a lot of space and are solitary so that their effect is more pronounced. There are over a hundred different types of weeping trees. Some trees, such as the cherry, have a variety of weeping cultivars.
There are currently around 550 weeping cultivars in 75 different genera, although many have now disappeared from cultivation.

Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica (Babylon willow or weeping willow; Chinese: 垂柳; pinyin: chuí liǔ) is a species of willow native to dry areas of northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and Siberia but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in Asia, being traded along the Silk Road to southwest Asia and Europe.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria
Nigerian National Honours are a set of orders and decorations conferred upon Nigerians and friends of Nigeria every year. They were instituted by the National Honors Act No. 5 of 1964, during the First Nigerian Republic, to honour Nigerians who have rendered service to the benefit of the nation.

These honours are distinct from the honours that are part of the country's ancient chieftaincy system, which is a separate (but also legally defined) entity. National Honours are the highest honours or awards that a citizen can receive from their country for service to the country.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
John H. Farley
John Harrington Farley (February 5, 1846 – February 9, 1922), also known as "Honest John" Farley, was an American politician of the Democratic Party who served as the 27th and 34th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, from 1883 to 1884 and from 1899 to 1900.

Mayor of Cleveland
The mayor of Cleveland is the head of the executive branch of government of the City of Cleveland, Ohio. As the chief executive in Cleveland's mayor–council (strong mayor) system, the mayor oversees all city services and is "responsible for enforcing the city charter, city ordinances, and the laws of the State of Ohio." The mayor's office is located at Cleveland City Hall at 601 Lakeside Avenue in Downtown Cleveland. Since 1836, the city has had a total of 54 mayors, including the city's current mayor, Justin Bibb, encompassing 58 mayoral administrations, as four mayors have served in non-consecutive terms.
Bruce Foster
Bruce Foster is an American paper engineer and graphic designer who specializes in pop-up books. Called a "paper magic master", he has created more than 40 pop-up books for both children and adults, in addition to the pop-up designs that appeared in the 2007 film Enchanted.

Pop-up book
A pop-up book is any book with three-dimensional pages, often with elements that pop up as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an umbrella term for movable book, pop-ups, tunnel books, transformations, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional greeting cards use the same principles.
Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional paper engineering, the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products.
Cliff Island, Antarctica
Cliff Island (66°0′S 65°39′W﻿ / ﻿66.000°S 65.650°W﻿ / -66.000; -65.650) is a narrow cliffed island at the south side of Mutton Cove, lying immediately south of Upper Island and 8 nautical miles (15 km) west of Prospect Point, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–1937.

Prospect Point (Antarctica)
Prospect Point is a headland at the west extremity of Velingrad Peninsula on Graham Coast in Graham Land, four kilometres (two nautical miles) south of Ferin Head and immediately east of the Fish Islands. Roughly charted by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956–57. The name was suggested in 1957 by E. P. Arrowsmith, Governor of the Falkland Islands.
European route E762
European route E 762 is a road part of the International E-road network. It begins in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and officially ends at the border between Montenegro and Albania. In Albania, some road signs indicate the route heading towards Tirana.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
Renewal Crusade
The Renewal Crusade (Spanish: Cruzada Renovadora) is a political party in San Juan Province, Argentina.

The party was founded by Alfredo Avelín on 29 October 1960 (1960-10-29) after he left the Radical Civic Union. Avelín would represent the party as Mayor of San Juan City and as national deputy and senator until 1999. In that year, Avelín was elected as Governor of San Juan heading an alliance of parties opposed to the Justicialist Party. He was impeached as governor in 2002 after a period of great financial instability and public unrest.

Avelín's daughter, Nancy Avelín, also represented the party in the Argentine Senate and stood for the governorship in 2007. Her brother Afredo Avelín Nollens was Mayor of San Juan from 1999 to 2003.

Afredo Avelín remains the President of the Party, with Avelín Nollens as Vice-President.

San Juan Province, Argentina
San Juan Province (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is a province of Argentina, located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja, San Luis and Mendoza. It borders with Chile to the west.

The province has an area of 89,651 km2, covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the province there are a number of paleontological sites.

Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in terms of the volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It is also an important center of mining and oil production.
Vehicle Identity Check
The Vehicle Identity Check (VIC) was a regulation concerning car ownership that was in force in the UK between 2003 and 2015.

The VIC was introduced on 7 April 2003 and was created to prevent the illegal practice of vehicle cloning and to keep track of scrapyard vehicles. The scheme was run jointly by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and the Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA).

Vehicle and Operator Services Agency
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA) was an executive agency granted trading fund status in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Transport of the United Kingdom Government.

It was announced on 20 June 2013 that VOSA would merge with the Driving Standards Agency into a single agency in 2014. The name of the new agency was confirmed as the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) on 28 November 2013. VOSA was abolished on 31 March 2014, and its responsibilities passed to the DVSA on 1 April 2014.
Diocese of Ratchaburi
The (Roman Catholic) Diocese of Ratchaburi (Diœcesis Ratchaburensis, Thai: สังฆมณฑลราชบุรี) is a Latin suffragan diocese of the archdiocese of Bangkok  in western central Thailand.

The diocese covers an area of 31,362 square kilometres (12,109 sq mi), covering four of the western provinces of Thailand: Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Kanchanaburi, and Samut Songkhram. As of 2001, of the 2.2 million citizens, 15,246 are members of the Catholic Church. It is divided into 17 parishes, having 71 priests altogether.

While the cathedral episcopal see dedicated to the Nativity of Our Lady is at Bang Nok Khwaek, the diocesan center is in the town of Ratchaburi.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Cyclopyrrolones
Cyclopyrrolones are a family of hypnotic and anxiolytic nonbenzodiazepine drugs with similar pharmacological profiles to the benzodiazepine derivatives.

Although cyclopyrrolones are chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines, they function via the benzodiazepine receptor of neurotransmitter GABA. The best-known cyclopyrrolone derivatives are zopiclone (Imovane) and its active single-enantiomer component, eszopiclone (Lunesta), which are used to treat insomnia, and have a known potential for abuse. Other cyclopyrrolones include:

Pagoclone – anxiolytic

Pazinaclone – anxiolytic

Suproclone – anxiolytic

Suriclone – anxiolytic

Nonbenzodiazepine
Nonbenzodiazepines (/ˌnɒnˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn, -ˈeɪ-/), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as some of the more well-known drugs begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks. However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.