hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Russell Young
John Russell Young (November 20, 1840 – January 17, 1899) was an American journalist, author, diplomat, and the seventh Librarian of the United States Congress from 1897 to 1899. He was invited by Ulysses S. Grant to accompany him on a world tour for purposes of recording the two-year journey, which he published in a two-volume work.

Librarian of Congress
The librarian of Congress is the head of the Library of Congress, appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, for a term of ten years. The librarian of Congress also appoints and oversees the Register of Copyrights of the U.S. Copyright Office and has broad responsibilities around copyright, extending to electronic resources and fair use provisions outlined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The librarian determines whether particular works are subject to DMCA prohibitions regarding technological access protection.  In addition, the librarian appoints the U.S. poet laureate and awards the Gershwin Prize for Popular Song.
Kerstin Griese
Kerstin Griese (born December 1966 in Münster) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2000.

In addition to her parliamentary work, Griese has been serving Parliamentary State Secretary to the Federal Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in the governments of Chancellors Angela Merkel, Olaf Scholz and Friedrich Merz since 2018. She also belongs to the Council of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD).

Parliamentary State Secretary
A Parliamentary State Secretary (Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär, PStS) is a member of the Bundestag given a portfolio to assist a Minister with running a government ministry. The position is roughly analogous to deputy ministers.

The position was first introduced in 1967 to help younger politicians gain experience for future ministerial roles. In 2021, there were 36 parliamentary state secretaries in the Merkel IV Cabinet.
Hahn, Missouri
Hahn is an unincorporated community in the part of Wayne Township in Bollinger County, Missouri, United States. The community was established in 1895 and was named for Daniel Hahn, who settled in 1805 on the creek which also bears his name. The Hahns were one of the early families who settled in the area. A post office was in operation between 1895–1954.

Wayne Township, Bollinger County, Missouri
Wayne Township is one of eight townships in Bollinger County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 U.S. census, its population was 1,415. As of the 2010 U.S. census, the population had decreased to 1,299. Wayne Township covers an area of 108.91 square miles (282.1 km2).
Dorsland Trek
Dorsland Trek (Thirstland Trek) is the collective name of a series of explorations undertaken by Boer settlers from South Africa from 1874 to 1881, in search of political independence and better living conditions. The participants, Trekboers ("migrating farmers"; the singular is trekboer) from the Orange Free State and Transvaal, are called Dorslandtrekkers.

Trekboers
The Trekboers (/ˈtrɛkbʊərz/ Afrikaans: Trekboere) were nomadic or seminomadic pastoralists descended from mostly Dutch colonists on the frontiers of the Dutch Cape Colony in Southern Africa. The Trekboers began migrating into the interior from the areas surrounding what is now Cape Town, such as Paarl (settled from 1688), Stellenbosch (founded in 1679), and Franschhoek (settled from 1688), during the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century.
Solid torus
In mathematics, a solid torus is the solid formed by sweeping a disk around a circle. As a topological space, it is homeomorphic to the Cartesian product  of the disk and the circle, endowed with the product topology.

A standard way to visualize a solid torus is as a toroid, embedded in 3-space. However, it should be distinguished from a torus, a surface which has the same visual appearance: the torus is the two-dimensional space on the boundary of a toroid, while the solid torus includes also the compact interior space enclosed by the torus.
A solid torus is a torus plus the region inside the torus, with a non-zero volume. Real-world objects that approximate a solid torus include O-rings, non-inflatable lifebuoys, ring doughnuts, and bagels.

3-manifold
In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a topological space that locally looks like a three-dimensional Euclidean space. A 3-manifold can be thought of as a possible shape of the universe. Just as a sphere looks like a plane (a tangent plane) to a small and close enough observer, all 3-manifolds look like our universe to a small enough observer. This is made more precise in the definition below.
Outline of economics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics. Economics is a branch of science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It aims to explain how economies work and how agents (people) respond to incentives.

Economics is a behavioral science (a scientific discipline that focuses on the study of human behavior) as well as a social science  (a scientific discipline that explores aspects of human society).

Competitive advantage
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.

A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Dominant response
In social psychology, the dominant response is "the response that is most likely to occur in the presence of the given array of stimuli". Increased arousal "enhances an individual's tendency to perform the dominant response". This means that "whatever you are normally inclined to do, you will be even more strongly inclined to do when in the presence of others". In an easy task, the dominant response is usually correct or successful, while in a more difficult (complex or unfamiliar) task, the dominant response is often unsuccessful or incorrect. For example, in a simple maze where the only path is a straight line, the dominant (and correct) response would be to run straight ahead. However, in a more complex maze in a cross shape where the start point and goal point are adjacent to each other, running straight ahead (the dominant response) is the incorrect response.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
First Capitol Historic Site (Wisconsin)
First Capitol Historic Site is a free-admission historic museum located outside Belmont, Wisconsin, United States. The museum includes two of the buildings first used by legislators to meet in Wisconsin Territory. Currently owned and operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society, the site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Wisconsin Territory
The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized and incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was initially chosen as the capital of the territory. In 1837, the territorial legislature met in Burlington, just north of the Skunk River on the Mississippi, which became part of the Iowa Territory in 1838. In that year, 1838, the territorial capital of Wisconsin was moved to Madison.
Jamshid Safarzadeh
Jamshid Safarzadeh (Persian: جمشید صفرزاده; born 26 July 1982) is an Iranian Santur player and music composer recognized for his collaborations with various ensembles and artists within traditional Persian music; He has been a member of the Shahnaz music Ensemble as a santur player. In 2017, He was nominated for Best Composition at the 33rd Barbad Award Festival for his album "The era of love" (دوران عشق). He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in music from Azad University in Tehran and has performed internationally.

Majid Derakhshani
Majid Derakhshani (Persian: مجید درخشانی) (born 13 September 1957 in Sangesar, Imperial State of Iran) is an Iranian musician and composer.

He was born into a family of artists from the Iranian province Semnan, Sangesar.

Subsequent to his emigration to Germany he founded the Nawa Musikzentrum in Cologne; the primary and most active center for Persian classical music outside of Iran.

He has published Many Albums cooperation with the best artists such as Mohammadreza Shajarian, Homayoun Shajarian, ....

Also many Concerts in around the world.
Ghilianella phasma
Ghilianella phasma is a species of assassin bug in the subfamily Emesinae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Myanmar. There is some debate about whether this species may belong in the genus Schidium. William Lucas Distant placed the species in Ghilianella but Ernst Evald Bergroth and Pedro Wygodzinsky moved it to Schidium. In his 1990 work of the Reduviidae of the world, Moldonado doubted the Schidium placement.

Emesinae
The Emesinae, or thread-legged bugs, are a subfamily of the Reduviidae (i.e., assassin bugs). They are conspicuously different from the other reduviids by their very slender body form. They are stalking, predatory insects that can be collected on palm fronds, cliffs, spider webbing, or near lights at night (many can be collected by blacklight). They walk on their mid and hind legs; the front pair is raptorial. Some groups specialize on spiders. Very little is known about emesines except that many species are found in the tropics. Pedro Wygodzinsky wrote the most recent revision of this group.
Lansdowne Terrace, London
Lansdowne Terrace is a street in Bloomsbury, London WC1.

It runs south to north from Guilford Street to Brunswick Square, with houses on the west side and Coram's Fields on the east side.

Nos 1 to 4 are Grade II listed houses, built in 1794, and designed by James Burton.

The main entrance to International Hall, a hall of residence owned by the University of London is at the northern end.

Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art, edited by Cyril Connolly, was based there throughout its existence in the 1940s.

Brunswick Square
51°31′28″N 0°07′18″W﻿ / ﻿51.5244°N 0.1218°W﻿ / 51.5244; -0.1218

Brunswick Square is a 3-acre (1.2 ha) public garden and ancillary streets along two of its sides in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden. It is overlooked by the School of Pharmacy and the Foundling Museum to the north; the Brunswick Centre to the west; and International Hall (a hall of residence of the University of London) to the south. East is an enclosed area of playgrounds with further trees, Coram's Fields, associated with charity Coram Family which is just over double its size; next to that area Brunswick Square is mirrored, symmetrically by Mecklenburgh Square, likewise of 3 acres including roads.  The squares are named after contemporary Queen consorts (the wife of George III and the wife of his eldest son George IV).
Newton Abbot A.F.C.
Newton Abbot F.C. was a football club based in Newton Abbot, Devon, England. They were established in 1964 as Newton Dynamos, changing their name in 1980. In the 2005–06 season, they reached the Second Round of the FA Vase. For the 2008–09 season, they were members of the South West Peninsula League Premier Division, but were expelled from the league mid-season after failing to fulfil two fixtures. In their last season, they were managed by ex-professional footballer John Gayle.

Newton Abbot
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish on the River Teign in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England. Its population was 24,029 in 2011, and was estimated at 26,655 in 2019. It grew rapidly in the Victorian era as the home of the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a major steam engine shed, retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives until 1981. It now houses the Brunel industrial estate. The town has a race course nearby, the most westerly in England, and a country park, Decoy. It is twinned with Besigheim in Germany and Ay in France.
Moshe Arens
Moshe Arens (Hebrew: משה ארנס; 27 December 1925 – 7 January 2019) was an Israeli aeronautical engineer, researcher, diplomat, and Likud politician. A member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003, he served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arens also served as the Israeli ambassador to the U.S. and was a professor at the Technion in Haifa.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַחוּץ, romanized: Misrad HaHutz; Arabic: وزارة الخارجية الإسرائيلية) is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government. The ministry's role is to implement Israel's foreign policy, and promote economic, cultural, and scientific relations with other countries.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the government complex in Givat Ram, Jerusalem. Gideon Sa'ar currently holds the Foreign Ministry post.
Gary Lenaire
Gary Lenaire (born July 29, 1967) is an American musician who primarily performs thrash metal and speed metal. Lenaire is best known for his work in Tourniquet, though later he began to work for BOSS amps and interviewed musicians, including Steve Vai, Marty Friedman, John 5, and Rudy Sarzo. Lenaire was nominated for six GMA Awards, and received Heaven's Metal Magazine's "guitarist of the year" award between 1994 and 1996.

Marty Friedman
Martin Adam Friedman (Japanese: マーティン・アダム・フリードマン, Hepburn: Mātin Adamu Furīdoman) is an American guitarist, best known for his tenure as the lead guitarist of thrash metal band Megadeth from 1990 to 2000. He is also known for playing alongside Jason Becker in Cacophony from 1986 until 1989, as well as his 13 solo albums and tours. Friedman has resided in Tokyo since 2003, where he has appeared on over 700 Japanese television programs such as Rock Fujiyama, Hebimeta-san, Kōhaku Uta Gassen and Jukebox English. He has released albums with several record labels, including Avex Trax, Universal, EMI, Prosthetic, and Shrapnel Records.
2018 Mobile Mini Sun Cup
The 2018 Mobile Mini Sun Cup was the eighth edition of the preseason exhibition soccer tournament and the first under its new name and sponsor. It was held from February 3 to February 24 in Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona. The defending champions were the Houston Dynamo.

Visit Tucson Sun Cup
The Desert Showcase (formerly the Desert Cup, the Desert Diamond Cup, the Mobile Mini Sun Cup, and the Visit Tucson Sun Cup), is a preseason soccer tournament hosted by Phoenix Rising FC of the USL Championship and FC Tucson of USL League Two. The tournament is sponsored by the Tucson Convention and Visitors Bureau, known as Visit Tucson.

Beginning in 2011, the inaugural Desert Cup featured two Major League Soccer (MLS) clubs, Sporting Kansas City and New York Red Bulls.  In the years since, the number of participating MLS clubs has continued to grow, with the 2018 Mobile Mini Sun Cup featuring eleven MLS clubs ‒ nearly half of the league's total membership.
John Calvin International School
Sekolah Dasar Swasta John Calvin International School was an international school in Pulomas, East Jakarta, Indonesia. It was an English-medium school that opened in 2007, with elementary and secondary education. Prior to its 2008 indefinite closure it had 110 students. A former minister of education, Wardiman Djojonegoro, had shares in the school.

In 2008 the school announced that it was closing indefinitely and that students may instead attend another school operated by the same organization, Saint Peter's School. Multiple parents reacted negatively against the school closure and stated they would not send their children to Saint Peter's.

Parents filed complaints with the police and lawsuits, accusing the school of fraud.

East Jakarta
East Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Timur; Betawi: Jakarté Bèlétan), abbreviated as Jaktim, is the largest of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia, with a land area of 188.03 km2 (72.6 sq.miles). It had a population of 2,693,896 at the 2010 Census and 3,037,139 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 3,315,114, making it the most populous of the five administrative cities within Jakarta. East Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

East Jakarta is bounded by North Jakarta to the north, Bekasi to the east, Depok to the south, and South Jakarta and Central Jakarta to the west.

The mayor's office is located in the Administrative Village (Kelurahan) of Pulo Gebang, in Cakung District.
Flag of Vancouver
The flag of Vancouver is a white field with five wavy blue bars and a green pentagon on the hoist side surmounted by a gold shield with the city badge, which consists of a mural crown with a crossed axe and paddle. It was adopted by Vancouver City Council on May 17, 1983, and designed by Robert Watt, the director of the Museum of Vancouver at the time, and later the Chief Herald of Canada.

Vancouver City Council
Vancouver City Council is the governing body of Vancouver, British Columbia. The council consists of a mayor and ten councillors elected to serve a four-year term. Monthly, a deputy mayor is appointed from among the councillors. The current mayor is Ken Sim, who leads the party ABC Vancouver. City council meetings are held in Vancouver City Hall. The most recent election was held on October 15, 2022. A by-election for two seats on council was held on April 5, 2025.
Bing Maps
Bing Maps (previously Live Search Maps, Windows Live Maps, Windows Live Local, and MSN Virtual Earth) is a web mapping service provided as a part of Microsoft's Bing suite of search engines and powered by the Bing Maps Platform framework which also support Bing Maps for Enterprise APIs and Azure Maps APIs. Since 2020, the map data is provided by TomTom, OpenStreetMap and others.

Web mapping
Web mapping or an online mapping is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). A web map or an online map is both served and consumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography, it is an interactive service where consumers may choose what the map will show.
The Home Electrical
The Home Electrical was a 1915 one-reeler promotional silent short film produced by the American company General Electric that showcased the latest electrical appliances at the time, such as washing machine, vacuum cleaner, electric car and toaster. The main character is a young man named Mr. Newhouse, who tests new household products in a house filled with technological innovations. The film is 11 minutes long. The film won two gold medals at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, a San Francisco world's fair that lasted between February 20 and December 4, 1915.

Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake. The fair was constructed on a 636-acre (257-hectare) site along the northern shore, between the Presidio and Fort Mason, now known as the Marina District.
Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna (1390s–1450s) was a Swedish nobleman. During the Kalmar Union, he was co-regent of Sweden, together with his brother Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna (1390s–1450s)  from January to June 1448. He was a member of the Privy Council of Sweden in 1432, Castellan (hövitsman) at Borgholm Castle in 1436, Stäket in 1438, and Nyköping Castle in 1442. Dubbed as knight by King Christopher of Bavaria following his coronation in 1441.

Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria (Danish and Norwegian: Christoffer; Swedish: Kristofer; 26 February 1416 – 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440–48, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441–48) and Norway (1442–48) during the era of the Kalmar Union. He ruled after the Kalmar Union's King Erik of Pomerania was deposed. Early in his reign he put down two peasant rebellions in Funen and Jutland. He was disliked by the Swedish nobles, as they pointed to his inability to manage harvest failures and to stop Erik's plundering. They also questioned his foreign background.
Benjamin Cornwell
Benjamin Thomas Cornwell (born April 30, 1978) is an American sociologist. He is Professor of Sociology at Cornell University, where he served as chair from 2020 to 2024. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 2007. He studied under Edward Laumann, Linda Waite, and Jason Beckfield. He works on issues surrounding sociological methods, the epidemic spread of infectious disease, health and aging, and collective behavior.

Linda Waite
Linda Joan Waite is a sociologist and social demographer. She is the George Herbert Mead Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago. Waite is also a Senior Fellow at the NORC at the University of Chicago and Principal Investigator on the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). In 2018, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Agios Alexandros
Agios Alexandros (Greek: Άγιος Αλέξανδρος) is a settlement in the northeastern part of the Aegean island of Lemnos, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Moudros and the community of Kontopouli. The population was 4 at the 2021 census. It is located north of the Alyki Lagoon, 4 km southwest of Panagia and 5 km northeast of Kontopouli.

Kontopouli
Kontopouli (Greek: Κοντοπούλι) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Moudros in the northeastern part of the island of Lemnos, Greece. The community includes the small villages Agios Alexandros and Agios Theodoros. Its total area is 37.04 km2. Kontopouli is 1 km northwest of Kalliopi, 3 km east of Repanidi and 8 km northeast of Moudros.

There are several small farming settlements around Kontopouli. Most of them are presently uninhabited, but some date back to the Byzantine era. The most important of these is Agios Alexandros. Other villages are Dimosia, Agios Georgios Amniou (near the Alyki lake), Neftina (on the bay in the northwest where the Turkish manor of Haji Pasha was located), Agios Theodoros (also Saravari) and Geranos (also Ageranou).