hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender
Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender is the usage of wording that is balanced in its treatment of the genders in a non-grammatical sense.
For example, advocates of gender-neutral language challenge the traditional use of masculine nouns and pronouns (e.g. "man" and "he") when referring to two or more genders or to a person of an unknown gender in most Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic languages. This stance is often inspired by feminist ideas about gender equality. Gender neutrality is also used colloquially when one wishes to be inclusive of people who identify as non-binary genders or as genderless.

At sign
The at sign (@) is a typographical symbol used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), and now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles. In English, it is normally read aloud as "at", and is also commonly called the at symbol, commercial at (commat), or address sign. Most languages have their own name for the symbol.

Although not included on the keyboard layout of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model and the very successful Underwood models from the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now routinely included on most types of computer keyboards.
Storm of Kokenhusen
The Storm of Kokenhusen by the Russian Army under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was one of the first events of the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), a theater of the Second Northern War. On 14 August 1656 Russian troops stormed and captured the well-fortified town of Kokenhusen (Koknese) in Swedish Livonia (present-day Latvia)

According to the Tsar, this town “was very strong, had a deep moat, like a small brother of the Kremlin's moat, and its fortress is like a son of Smolensk's fortress”. Tsar also gave city new name, "Tsarevich-Dmitriev" (Russian: Царевич-Дмитриев) in honor of his infant son, Tsarevich Dmitry Alexeyevich of Russia, who had died in 1649. This new name didn't last since in 1681 city was returned to Swedish Livonia.  After capturing Kokenhusen, Russia gained control of the Daugava River and the way to Riga was opened.

Koknese
Koknese is a town in Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the right bank of the Daugava River. It has a population of nearly 3,000.

According to the provisions of the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, Koknese gained city rights (town status) on 1 July 2021. The town is also the extra-territorial center of the adjacent Koknese Parish.
32nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (East Ham)
The 32nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (East Ham) (32nd RF) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the summer of 1915 by the Mayor and Borough of East Ham in the Essex suburbs of London. It served on the Western Front from May 1916, seeing action on the Somme and at Ypres. It was then sent to the Italian Front. On return to the Western Front in early 1918 it was broken up to provide reinforcements for other units.

Dugout (shelter)
A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pit-house or earth lodge, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out.
These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archaeologists, and the same methods have evolved into modern "earth shelter" technology.

Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during warfare or shelter while hunting.
Thomas Hills (Antarctica)
The Thomas Hills (84°21′S 65°12′W﻿ / ﻿84.350°S 65.200°W﻿ / -84.350; -65.200﻿ (Thomas Hills)) are a linear group of hills, 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) long, between Foundation Ice Stream and MacNamara Glacier at the north end of the Patuxent Range in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.

Pensacola Mountains
The Pensacola Mountains (82°37′S 52°49′W﻿ / ﻿82.617°S 52.817°W﻿ / -82.617; -52.817﻿ (Pensacola Mountains)) are a large group of mountain ranges and peaks that extend 280 nautical miles (520 km; 320 mi) in a northeast–southwest direction in the Transantarctic Mountains System, Queen Elizabeth Land region of Antarctica.
They comprise the Argentina Range, Forrestal Range, Dufek Massif, Cordiner Peaks, Neptune Range, Patuxent Range, Rambo Nunataks and Pecora Escarpment. 
These mountain units lie astride the extensive Foundation Ice Stream and Support Force Glacier which drain northward to the Ronne Ice Shelf.
The Universe Maker
The Universe Maker is a science fiction novel by American author A. E. van Vogt, published in 1953 by Ace Books as an Ace Double with The World of Null-A. It is based on the author's "The Shadow Men" (Startling Stories, 1950).

Set 400 years into the future, the main character is Morton Cargill, a U.S. w cArmy officer who served in the Korean War.

The World of Null-A
The World of Null-A, sometimes written The World of Ā, is a 1948 science fiction novel by Canadian-American writer A. E. van Vogt. It was originally published as a three-part serial in 1945 in Astounding Stories. It incorporates concepts from the general semantics of Alfred Korzybski. The name Ā refers to non-Aristotelian logic.
Satrig Ersang
Satrig Ersang (Tibetan: ས་ཏྲིག་ཨེར་སང་།, Wylie: sa trig er sang), also known as Yingkyi Yum Chemma or Sherab Chamma (Tibetan: ཤེས་རབ་ཆམ་མ།, Wylie: shes rab cham ma), is a principal female deity in the Yungdrung Bön tradition of Tibet. She is revered as the embodiment of wisdom and is one of the Four Transcendent Lords, the highest deities in Bön cosmology.

Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche
Tonpa Shenrab (Tibetan: སྟོན་པ་གཤེན་རབ་མི་བོ་།, Wylie: ston pa gshen rab mi bo, lit. 'Teacher Shenrab'), also known as Shenrab Miwo (Wylie: gshen rab mi bo), Shenrab Miwoche, Buddha Shenrab, Guru Shenrab, and by a number of other titles, is the legendary founder and reformer of the Bon religious tradition of Tibet. Bönpos usually add the honorific “Tonpa” (“founder” or “teacher”) before his name.

The story of Tonpa Shenrab was revealed in a fourteenth-century terma of Loden Nyingpo.
RIVA TNT2
The RIVA TNT2 is a graphics processing unit manufactured by Nvidia starting in early 1999. The chip is codenamed "NV5" because it is the 5th graphics chip design by Nvidia, succeeding the RIVA TNT (NV4). RIVA is an acronym for Real-time Interactive Video and Animation accelerator. The "TNT" suffix refers to the chip's ability to work on two texels at once (TwiN Texel). Nvidia removed RIVA from the name later in the chip's lifetime.

Glide (API)
Glide is a  3D graphics API developed by 3dfx Interactive for their Voodoo Graphics 3D accelerator cards. It started as a proprietary API but was later open-sourced by 3dfx. It was dedicated to rendering performance, supporting geometry and texture mapping primarily, in data formats identical to those used internally in their cards. Wide adoption of 3Dfx led to Glide being extensively used in the late 1990s, but further refinement of Microsoft's Direct3D and the appearance of full OpenGL implementations from other graphics card vendors, in addition to growing diversity in 3D hardware, eventually caused it to become superfluous.
UFJ
UFJ, which stands for the United Financial of Japan, is used in the former companies of UFJ Bank, UFJ Group, and UFJ Holdings.

UFJ was established by the merger in 2002 of the Sanwa Bank, Tokai Bank, and Toyo Trust and Banking.

UFJ disappeared after the merger of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and UFJ in 2005.

Sanwa Bank
The Sanwa Bank (株式会社三和銀行, Kabushiki gaisha Sanwa Ginkō) was a major Japanese bank headquartered in Osaka, which operated from 1933 to 2002. It resulted from the merger of three local banks, Konoike Bank (est. 1877 as 13th National Bank), 34th Bank (est. 1878), and Yamaguchi Bank (est. 1879 as 148th National Bank).

In 2002, Sanwa Bank merged with Tokai Bank and Toyo Trust and Banking to form UFJ Bank, itself a predecessor entity of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.
Bendegúz Bolla
Bendegúz Bence Bolla (born 22 November 1999) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Austrian Bundesliga side Rapid Wien. Bolla made his senior debut for Hungary in 2021 when he was named for Euro 2020.

2023–24 Swiss Cup
The 2023–24 Swiss Cup, or Schweizer Pokal, was the 99th season of Switzerland's annual football cup competition. It featured 64 teams from the first to the eight tier of the Swiss football league. The first round was played from 18 to 20 August 2023. The final took place on 2 June 2024.

Young Boys were the reigning Cup champion. The winner qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League.
2021 New York Giants season
The 2021 season was the New York Giants' 97th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their second and final under head coach Joe Judge. They failed to improve on their 6–10 output from the previous season and missed the postseason for the fifth consecutive year after a Week 16 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles.

Following the season, general manager Dave Gettleman announced his retirement and head coach Joe Judge was fired.

Joe Judge (American football)
Joseph Francis Judge (born December 31, 1981) is an American college and professional football coach who is currently the quarterbacks coach for Ole Miss. He served as the head coach of the New York Giants from 2020 to 2021. Prior to joining the Giants, Judge served as an assistant coach for the Patriots from 2012 to 2019. The Patriots appeared in four Super Bowls, winning three of them, during Judge's tenure.
Al-Hashemiya SC (Jordan)
Al-Hashemiya Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الهاشمية الرياضي) is a Jordanian football club based in Al-Hashimiya, Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian First Division League, the second tier of Jordanian football.

Zarqa Governorate
Zarqa Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الزرقاء, romanized: Muħāfazat az-Zarqāʔ, local dialects ez-Zergā or ez-Zer'a) is the third largest governorate in Jordan by population. The capital of Zarqa governorate is Zarqa City, which is the largest city in the governorate. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the Jordanian capital Amman. The second largest city in the governorate is Russeifa.

Zarqa Governorate hosts the largest military and air bases of the Jordanian armed forces.
Ophidiomyces
Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (formerly Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola) is the cause of ophidiomycosis also known as snake fungal disease or SFD in some species of snakes. It is a keratinophilic fungus from the family Onygenaceae of the order Onygenales. O. ophidiicola is an emerging pathogen of captive and wild snakes in North America and Europe. Clinical signs include skin swelling, crusts, and nodules of the skin. The mode of transmission is unknown, but is speculated to occur with direct contact between snakes or with the contaminated environment. Currently no treatment for O. ophidiicola is available.  O. ophidiicola was identified by Sigler, Hambleton & Paré in 2013. O. ophidiicola is the only species in the genus Ophidiomyces. It was previously known as Chrysosporium ophiodiicola and is closely related to Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV).

Onygenales
The Onygenales are an order of fungi in the class Eurotiomycetes and division Ascomycota. The order's last common ancestor is estimated to have lived 150 million years ago.

Onygenales can consume and break down keratin, the main component of the outer layer of skin. They are primarily found on animals, droppings, and areas frequented by animals. Many are dimorphic, and can change from mold to yeast form depending on their environment.

Many onygenalean fungi are pathogens. One species, Trichophyton rubrum, is the primary cause of athlete's foot.  This order also includes the Coccidioides implicated in Valley fever. The Onygenales are important as emerging human pathogens because of the rising rates of immunosuppression due to live-organ transplant, HIV/AIDS, and autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus.
Saint John Common Council
The Saint John City Council or Saint John Common Council as distinguished by the city's own charter, is the city council for the city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. The council consists of the mayor and ten councillors.  In the 2007 Saint John, New Brunswick Ward Plebiscite, it was decided that as of the May 2008 quadrennial municipal elections, the city will be divided into four wards of approximately equal population, with two councillors to be elected by the voters in that ward, and two councillors to be elected at large.

The Common Council consists of:

The Mayor, who runs at-large, acts as chairman of the board.

Two at-large Common Councillors.

Two Common Councillors, from each of the city's four wards.

One is elected by the council to serve as Deputy Mayor.

2007 Saint John, New Brunswick ward plebiscite
On October 9, 2007 the city of Saint John, New Brunswick held a plebiscite on a proposal regarding how its Common Council would be composed in the future. The question asked:

"Do you want the City to be divided into four wards of approximately equal population with two councillors to be elected by the voters in that ward, and two councillors to be elected at large?"

The plebiscite approved the proposal.
SOTA Mapping Project
SOTA Mapping Project (SMP) is a website (www.sotamaps.org) offering mapping resources for radio amateurs participating in the Summits On The Air (SOTA) awards program. It aims to provide comprehensive mapping information in graphical form based on Google Maps on summits included in the program, for participants in the program as well as for the general user.

The site is built and maintained by a small group of radio amateurs with interests in SOTA, hill walking and mountaineering, mapping and open source programming.  They also maintain a similar site for the Islands on the air (IOTA) award scheme.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
2018–19 Morgan State Bears basketball team
The 2018–19 Morgan State Bears men's basketball team represented Morgan State University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They played their home games at Talmadge L. Hill Field House in Baltimore, Maryland, and were led by 13th-year head coach Todd Bozeman. The Bears finished the season 9–21, 4–12 in MEAC play to finish in tenth place. As the No. 10 seed in the MEAC tournament, they lost in the first round to Coppin State.

2018–19 Coppin State Eagles men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Coppin State Eagles men's basketball team represented Coppin State University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They played their home games at the Physical Education Complex in Baltimore, Maryland, and were led by 2nd-year head coach Juan Dixon.
Swan River Valley
The Swan River Valley (also known as Swan Valley) is a valley between the Manitoba Escarpment in the Parkland Region of Manitoba, Canada. It is located between the Porcupine Hills to the northwest and Duck Mountains to the south, as well as Thunderhill to the west and Lake Winnipegosis to the east.

It includes the town of Swan River, and the Minitonas-Bowsman, Swan Valley West, and Mountain rural municipalities. With that being said, however, it has no clearly defined boundaries: although it is close to the Manitoba-Saskatchewan border, the immediate area across the border is sometimes considered a part of the valley by locals, as well. It is named after the Swan River, which runs through the center of the region.

Swan River Valley was recognized as the 1998 Forestry Capital of Canada.

Parkland Region
Parkland is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba, located between Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegosis on the east and the Manitoba–Saskatchewan border on the west.

The largest population centre is the city of Dauphin, and the second largest is the town of Swan River. Riding Mountain National Park, Duck Mountain Provincial Park, and Asessippi Provincial Park are also located in the region, as well as Manitoba's highest point, Baldy Mountain.

Together with the Westman Region to the south, Parkland composes the broader Prairie Mountain region, and is provided health services via Prairie Mountain Health. As of 2021, the Parkland region had a population of 41,575.
Monaco at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Monaco participated in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, held between 7 and 23 February 1998. The country's participation in the Games marked its fifth appearance at the Winter Olympics since its debut in the 1984 Games.

The Monaco team consisted of four athletes who competed in a single sport. Gilbert Bessi served as the country's flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. Monaco did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.

Monaco at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Monaco sent a delegation to compete in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia from 8–19 February 1984.  This was the first time the principality had participated in a Winter Olympic Games,  The Monégasque delegation consisted of a single alpine skier, David Lajoux.  He failed to finish the men's slalom, and came in 47th place in the men's downhill.
Maydan, Kyrgyzstan
Maydan (Kyrgyz: Майдан, romanized: Maydan) is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kadamjay District. Its population was 2,168 in 2021.

Nearby towns and villages include Pum (3 km or 2 mi), Austan (3 km or 2 mi) and Kara-Kyshtak (8 km or 5 mi).

Kara-Kyshtak
Kara-Kyshtak (Kyrgyz: Кара-Кыштак, romanized: Qara-Qıştaq; Uzbek: Qora-Qishloq) is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Kadamjay District. Its population was 1,299 in 2021. Nearby towns and villages include Kara-Jygach (2 km or 1 mi) and Pum (3 km or 2 mi).
Frankston Power Centre
The Frankston Power Centre, also colloquially known as "The Power Centre" (previously the Frankston Homemaker Centre), is a hard goods retail park run by Spotlight Group within the approximate centre of Frankston, being around 40 kilometres south of Melbourne's CBD. The complex comprises 30 large format independent stores, including parking for 1300 vehicles (including 425 underground parking spaces). Across from the complex are stores such as the hardware superstore Bunnings and JB Hi-Fi, but these are not run or owned by the Frankston Power Centre. The Power Centre is located at the crossroads of three major arterials; Cranbourne Road, McMahons Road and the Frankston Freeway. The site also features a food court at its geographical centre with adjacent parking.

Spotlight Group
Spotlight Group Holdings Pty Ltd (SGH) is an Australian retail conglomerate and one of the country's largest private companies. Its Spotlight Retail Group division operates fabric and craft store chain Spotlight, outdoor retailers Anaconda and Mountain Designs, and department store chain Harris Scarfe. The first Spotlight store was established in Melbourne in 1973 by brothers Morry Fraid and Ruben Fried.
2018 in paleomammalogy
This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2018, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as well as many extinct non-marsupial relatives. It is one of two groups placed in the clade Theria alongside Eutheria, which contains the placentals. Remains of metatherians have been found on all of Earth's continents.
FastTracker 2
FastTracker 2 (also referred to as FastTracker II) is a music tracker created by Fredrik "Mr. H" Huss and Magnus "Vogue" Högdahl, two members of the demogroup Triton (who later founded Starbreeze Studios) who set about releasing their own tracker after breaking into the scene in 1992 and winning several demo competitions. The source code of FastTracker 2 is written in Pascal using Borland Pascal 7 and TASM. The program works natively under MS-DOS.

ModPlug Player
ModPlug Player is a module file player developed by Olivier Lapicque in conjunction with the original ModPlug Tracker project and the ModPlug Browser plugin. Features include a playlist editor, graphical equalizer, automatic gain control, bass expansion, reverb, Dolby Surround Sound support and the ability to mix two modules simultaneously and to change their pitch and tempo. The player supports a variety of module music files in both native and compressed (ZIP / RAR / LHA) formats.

The software was originally developed along with ModPlug Tracker, now known as OpenMPT, and modernized ModPlug engine is now used for decoding module files in the open source multimedia framework GStreamer under the name libmodplug.
Revisionist just war theory
Revisionist just war theory is a development of just war theory that, unlike traditional just war theory, seeks to integrate jus ad bellum and jus in bello, therefore rejecting many traditional beliefs such as moral equality of combatants. Revisionists argue that international law is at best a pragmatic fiction—it lacks deeper moral foundations.

Additionally, the distinctive methodologies associated with the use of nuclear weapons to wage mass war in the modern era, have also led some "nonreductive" revisionists question the relevance the just war theory itself. Such particular criticisms are more limited in scope, however, than the generalized objections which have been raised by both realists and pacifists.

Jus ad bellum
Jus ad bellum (/juːs/ YOOS or /dʒʌs/), literally "right to war" in Latin, refers to "the conditions under which States may resort to war or to the use of armed force in general". Jus ad bellum is one pillar of just war theory. Just war theory states that war should only be condoned under 'just' conditions. Jus ad bellum simply limits the causes for which war can be considered justifiable. The other parts of just war theory include jus in bello (just actions in war) and jus post bellum (justice after war).