hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott Martin (footballer)
Scott Anthony Martin (born 1 April 1997) is a Scottish footballer, who plays as a defensive midfielder for Queen's Park on loan from Partick Thistle. Martin has previously played for Hibernian and Hamilton Academical, and on loan for Forfar Athletic and Arbroath.

2016–17 Scottish Championship
The 2016–17 Scottish Championship (known as the Ladbrokes Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 23rd season in the current format of 10 teams in the second tier of Scottish football. The fixtures were published on 17 June 2016.

Hibernian won the league title and promotion after a 3–0 win against Queen of the South on 15 April 2017.
Samsung YEPP
Yepp was Samsung Electronics' digital audio player brand until Samsung decided to retire most of their family brands in February 2011. From then on, their MP3 players were simply branded "Samsung" worldwide until they discontinued all of them in late 2013. The brand included a wide range of hard-drive based as well as flash-memory based players. The name is claimed to be an acronym for "young, energetic, passionate person".

Vorbis
Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The project produces an audio coding format and software reference encoder/decoder (codec) for lossy audio compression, libvorbis. Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the Ogg container format and it is therefore often referred to as Ogg Vorbis.

Version 1.0 of Vorbis was released in May 2000. Since 2013, the Xiph.Org Foundation has stated that the use of Vorbis should be deprecated in favor of the Opus codec, an improved and more efficient format that has also been developed by Xiph.Org.
Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis
Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis is a hypothesis that attempts to explain the phenomenon in which psychosis (e.g., hallucinations, delusions) occurs despite treatment with escalating doses of antipsychotics. Dopamine supersensitivity may be caused by the dopamine receptor D2 antagonizing effect of antipsychotics, causing a compensatory increase in D2 receptors within the brain that sensitizes neurons to endogenous release of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Because psychosis is thought to be mediated—at least in part—by the activity of dopamine at D2 receptors, the activity of dopamine in the presence of supersensitivity may paradoxically give rise to worsening psychotic symptoms despite antipsychotic treatment at a given dose. This phenomenon may co-occur with tardive dyskinesia, a rare movement disorder that may also be due to dopamine supersensitivity.

Delusion
A delusion is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. As a pathology (delusional disorder), it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs are able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence. However:

"The distinction between a delusion and a strongly held idea is sometimes difficult to make and depends in part on the degree of conviction with which the belief is held despite clear or reasonable contradictory evidence regarding its veracity."

Delusions occur in the context of many pathological states (both general physical and mental) and are of particular diagnostic importance in psychotic disorders including schizophrenia, paraphrenia, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression.
Theosophy and Western philosophy
Modern Theosophy is classified by prominent representatives of Western philosophy as a "pantheistic philosophical-religious system." Russian philosopher Vladimir Trefilov claimed that Blavatsky's doctrine was formed from the beginning as a synthesis of philosophical views and religious forms of the various ages and peoples with modern scientific ideas. Michael Wakoff, an author of The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, stated that Blavatskian Theosophy was based on Buddhist and Hindu philosophy, and fragments of the Western esotericism with using an "absolutist metaphysics." In The New Encyclopedia of Philosophy it is said that Blavatsky's Theosophy is an attempt to merge into a universal doctrine all religions by revealing their "common deep essence" and detection of "identity meanings of symbols," all philosophies (including esoteric), and all sciences (including occult).

Sergei Bulgakov
Sergei (Sergius) Nikolayevich Bulgakov (Russian: Серге́й Никола́евич Булга́ков, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪdʑ bʊlˈɡakəf]; 28 July [O.S. 16 July] 1871 – 13 July 1944) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, and economist. Orthodox scholar David Bentley Hart has named Bulgakov "the greatest systematic theologian of the twentieth century." Father Sergei Bulgakov also served as a spiritual father and confessor to Mother Maria Skobtsova (who was canonized a saint by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 16 January 2004). Sergei Bulgakov is best known for his development of a theological system centered on Sophia, the Wisdom of God.
Allgood–Bailey Stadium
Allgood–Bailey Stadium is an outdoor stadium on the campus of the Missouri University of Science and Technology in Rolla, Missouri. The stadium has a capacity of 8,000 and hosts Missouri S&T Miners football games and track and field competitions.

It opened in 1967 and until 2000 was known as "Jackling Field", commemorating the notable Missouri alumnus Daniel C. Jackling. It was then renamed for the football and basketball coach Dewey Allgood and a benefactor, Keith Bailey.

Missouri University of Science and Technology
The Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T or S&T) is a public research university in Rolla, Missouri, United States. It is a member institution of the University of Missouri System. Most of its 6,456 students (2023) study engineering, business, sciences, and mathematics. Known primarily for its engineering school, Missouri S&T offers degree programs in business and management systems, information science and technology, sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It is classified as a "STEM-dominant", R1 university with "very high research spending and doctorate production".
Gnathoenia
Gnathoenia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.

Gnathoenia albescens Breuning, 1939

Gnathoenia albomaculata Quedenfeldt, 1881

Gnathoenia alboplagiata Jordan, 1894

Gnathoenia bialbata Fairmaire, 1891

Gnathoenia congoana Belon, 1901

Gnathoenia flavovariegata Breuning, 1935

Gnathoenia schoutedeni Breuning, 1935

Gnathoenia tropica (Duvivier, 1891)

Gnathoenia venerea Thomson, 1858

Gnathoenia zonifera Harold, 1879

Gnathoenia tropica
Gnathoenia tropica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Duvivier in 1891. It is known from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon. It contains the varietas Gnathoenia tropica var. irrorata.
A Wink from the Universe
A Wink from the Universe is a 2018 non-fiction book by Australian journalist and author Martin Flanagan about the 2016 Western Bulldogs season, where the team went on to win that year's Australian Football League Grand Final. Flanagan had previously written Southern Sky, Western Oval, a book about the 1993 season of the club then named as "Footscray Football Club".

2016 AFL Grand Final
The 2016 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between Sydney and the Western Bulldogs at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 1 October 2016. It was the 121st annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers of the 2016 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,981 spectators, was won by the Bulldogs by a margin of 22 points, marking the club's second VFL/AFL premiership victory and first since 1954. It was the first time in VFL/AFL history that a team won the premiership from seventh place on the ladder. Jason Johannisen of the Bulldogs was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
Abdul Hadi Yahya
Abdul Hadi Bin Yahya (born 6 March 1985 in Klang, Selangor) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a forward. He is well known for his prolific goalscoring ability which he shown continuously in the domestic league.

He previously played for PBDKT T-Team during the 2010–11 Malaysian Super League season, Kuala Lumpur FA during the 2009–10 season, and PKNS during the 2007/2008. Prior to that, he played with Selangor from 2005 to 2007.

2011 Malaysia Super League
The 2011 Liga Super Malaysia  was the eighth season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia. The season was held from 29 January and concluded on 30 July 2011. Selangor is the current defending champions.
Cutting stock problem
In operations research, the cutting-stock problem is the problem of cutting standard-sized pieces of stock material, such as paper rolls or sheet metal, into pieces of specified sizes while minimizing material wasted. It is an optimization problem in mathematics that arises from applications in industry. In terms of computational complexity, the problem is an NP-hard problem reducible to the knapsack problem. The problem can be formulated as an integer linear programming problem.

Integer programming
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.

Integer programming is NP-complete (the difficult part is showing the NP membership). In particular, the special case of 0–1 integer linear programming, in which unknowns are binary, and only the restrictions must be satisfied, is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.

If some decision variables are not discrete, the problem is known as a mixed-integer programming problem.
Coma (optics)
In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ˈkoʊmə/), or comatic aberration, in an  optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail (coma) like a comet. Specifically, coma is defined as a variation in magnification over the entrance pupil.  In refractive or diffractive optical systems, especially those imaging a wide spectral range, coma can be a function of wavelength, in which case it is also a form of chromatic aberration.

Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.
2012 Indian Federation Cup
The 2012 Indian Federation Cup was the 34th season of the top knock-out competition in India. The qualifiers started in August while the final round took place from 19 September 2012 to 30 September 2012.

Salgaocar were the defending champions, having beaten East Bengal 3–1 in the 2011 Final.

DD Sports Friday agreed to telecast live the semifinals and final of the tournament.

The cup was eventually won by East Bengal after they defeated Dempo in the final on 30 September 2012.

2011 Indian Federation Cup
The 2011 Indian Federation Cup was the 33rd season of the knock-out competition. On 13 August 2011 the AIFF announced that 21 clubs had been accepted to the tournament.

The tournament Qualifiers commence from 8 September to 13 September and Final Group Round quarterfinals start from 17 September. The winner of this prestigious tournament will book their place in 2012 AFC Cup.

East Bengal qualifies for 2012 AFC Cup because Salgaocar S.C. already qualified via them being I-League champions.
East Jeddore, Nova Scotia
East Jeddore is a small rural fishing community of the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It is 45 minutes East of Dartmouth along Highway 7. East Jeddore Road is approximately 11 kilometers long and generally follows Jeddore Harbour from its basin in Oyster Ponds to the mouth.

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth) is a built-up community of the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour, Dartmouth has 72,139 residents as of 2021.
Getxo RT
Getxo Rugby Taldea is a Spanish rugby union club. The club currently competes in the División de Honor B de Rugby competition, the 2nd level of Spanish club rugby. The club are based in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. Getxo play in yellow and black

División de Honor de Rugby
The División de Honor de Rugby is Spain's top level professional men's rugby union competition. The División de Honor de Rugby Championship is organised by the Federación Española de Rugby (Spanish Rugby Federation) and currently consists of 11 teams.

The last-placed team in the competition is relegated at the end of the season to the División de Honor Élite, Spain`s second level of men's rugby union. The team finishing 11th enters a relegation/promotion playoff with the runner-up from the Division de Honor B playoffs.
Pond loach
The pond loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), also known as the Dojo loach, oriental weatherloach or oriental weatherfish, is a freshwater fish in the loach family Cobitidae. They are native to East Asia, but are also popular as an aquarium fish and introduced elsewhere in Asia and to Europe, America and Australia. The alternate name weather loach is shared with several other Cobitidae, including the other members of the genus Misgurnus and the spotted weather loach (Cobitis taenia, commonly known as spined loach). This term comes from their ability to detect changes in barometric pressure before a storm and react with frantic swimming or standing on end.

Spined loach
The spined loach (Cobitis taenia) is a common freshwater fish in Europe. It is sometimes known as the spotted weather loach, not to be confused with the "typical" weather loaches of the genus Misgurnus. This is the type species of the spiny loach genus (Cobitis) and the true loach family (Cobitidae).
CB Granada
Club Baloncesto Granada, S.A.D. was a professional basketball team based in Granada, Andalusia. The team was founded in 1994 and has had notable players during its history, including Curtis Borchardt, Darvin Ham, Jerod Ward, Giorgos Sigalas, Scott Padgett, Pops Mensah-Bonsu, Richard Hendrix, and Joe Ingles.

Primera FEB
The Primera FEB, formerly known as LEB or LEB Oro, is the second basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system after the Liga ACB. It is run by the FEB. The FEB leagues are divided into three categories (the other two are the Segunda FEB and the Tercera FEB). The league was founded in 1996 and is played under FIBA rules.

The league is contested by 18 clubs. Each season, the top-finishing team in the Primera FEB are automatically promoted to the Liga ACB. The teams that finish the season in 2nd to 9th place enter a playoff tournament, with the winner also gaining promotion to the Liga ACB. The three lowest-finishing teams in the Primera FEB are relegated to Segunda FEB.

A total of 81 teams have competed in Primera FEB since its inception in 1996. 19 teams have been crowned champions and 30 teams have gained promotion to Liga ACB, of which only four teams could not play in Liga ACB. Club Melilla Baloncesto is the only team that played all seasons of the league.
Mamata Shankar
Mamata Shankar (born 7 January 1955) is an Indian actress and dancer. She is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has acted in films by directors including Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Rituparno Ghosh, Buddhadeb Dasgupta and Gautam Ghosh. In addition to being an actress, she is a dancer and choreographer. She was the niece of musician Pandit Ravi Shankar. Her brother, Ananda Shankar, was an Indo-Western fusion musician.

In January 2025, Mamata Shankar was honored with the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the Government of India.
She has received a National Film Award and four Filmfare Awards Bangla.

Ananda Shankar
Ananda Shankar (11 December 1942 – 26 March 1999) was an Indian sitar player, singer, and composer whose music blended Western and Eastern musical styles. He was married to dancer and choreographer Tanusree Shankar.
Contextual AI
Contextual AI is an enterprise software company based in Mountain View, California. It develops a platform for building specialized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) agents for enterprise use. The company was founded in 2023 by Douwe Kiela and Amanpreet Singh, both former AI researchers at Facebook AI Research (FAIR) and Hugging Face. Douwe Kiela previously led the Meta research team that introduced the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach in 2020.

Contextual AI focuses on enterprise generative AI applications using RAG 2.0 technology, with deployments primarily in the technology, banking, finance and media sectors.

Lightspeed Venture Partners
Lightspeed Venture Partners is an American venture capital firm focusing on seed stage, early stage investments and growth stage investments in the enterprise, fintech, consumer and healthcare sectors. Lightspeed has eleven offices globally and as of 2023 had approximately US$35 billion in assets under management.
Eurisko
Eurisko (Gr., I discover) is a discovery system written by Douglas Lenat in RLL-1, a representation language itself written in the Lisp programming language. A sequel to Automated Mathematician, it consists of heuristics, i.e. rules of thumb, including heuristics describing how to use and change its own heuristics. Lenat was frustrated by Automated Mathematician's constraint to a single domain and so developed Eurisko; his frustration with the effort of encoding domain knowledge for Eurisko led to Lenat's subsequent development of Cyc. Lenat envisioned ultimately coupling the Cyc knowledge base with the Eurisko discovery engine.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Xinjiang Federation of Trade Unions
The Xinjiang Federation of Trade Unions, or Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Federation of Trade Unions (XUARFTU; Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区总工会), established in October 1955 in Ürümqi, is the regional branch of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

All-China Federation of Trade Unions
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) is the national trade union center and people's organization of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest trade union in the world with 302 million members in 1,713,000 primary trade union organizations. The ACFTU is divided into 31 regional federations and 10 national industrial unions. The ACFTU is the country's sole legally mandated trade union, with which all enterprise-level trade unions must be affiliated. There has been dispute over whether ACFTU is an independent trade union or a trade union at all. The federation owns a higher education institution—the China University of Labor Relations.
Barrel chicken
Barrel Chicken (Chinese: 桶仔雞; pinyin: tǒng zǐ jī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháng-á-kuê), also known as Wongzi Chicken (甕仔雞), Wonggang Chicken (甕缸雞), Kiln-Roasted Chicken (窯烤雞), or Earthenware Chicken (甕窯雞), is a traditional Taiwanese roast chicken dish. The name derives from the cooking method, where a whole chicken is placed inside a metal barrel or clay kiln for roasting. The dish is popular in rural and mountainous areas of Taiwan and is commonly sold at Rechao restaurants and traditional night markets.

Roast chicken
Roast chicken is chicken prepared as food by roasting whether in a home kitchen, over a fire, or with a rotisserie (rotary spit).  Generally, the chicken is roasted with its own fat and juices by circulating the meat during roasting, and therefore, are usually cooked exposed to fire or heat with some type of rotary grill so that the circulation of these fats and juices is as efficient as possible. Roast chicken is a dish that appears in a wide variety of cuisines worldwide.
Woodlands, Montserrat
Woodlands is a village in Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the West Indies, situated on the west coast of the island, directly north of Salem in Saint Peter Parish.

The official residence of the governor,  Government House, located in Woodlands.

Saint Peter Parish, Montserrat
Saint Peter is one of Montserrat's three administrative parishes. As of 2009, it is the only parish to be inhabited. This would give the parish a population of between 4,000 and 6,000. Saint Peter Parish covers the north-west of the island, and was therefore least affected by the eruptions of Soufrière Hills, the island's volcano.

The John A. Osborne Airport is located in the parish.
Mycoplasma orale
Mycoplasma orale (also known as Metamycoplasma orale) is a small bacterium found in the class Mollicutes. It belongs to the genus Mycoplasma, a well-known group of bacterial parasites that inhabit humans. It also is known to be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. As with other Mycoplasma species, M. orale is not readily treated with many antibiotics due to its lack of a peptidoglycan cell wall. Therefore, this species is relevant to the medical field as physicians face the task of treating patients infected with this microbe. It is characterized by a small physical size (0.1 micrometer in diameter on average), a small genome size, and a limited metabolism. It is also known to frequently contaminate laboratory experiments. This bacteria is very similar physiologically and morphologically to its sister species within the genus Mycoplasma; however, its recent discovery leaves many questions still unanswered about this microbe.

Obligate parasite
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a facultative parasite, which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle. Obligate parasites have evolved a variety of parasitic strategies to exploit their hosts.

It is advantageous for the parasite to preserve the health of its host when this is compatible with its nutritional and reproductive requirements, except when the death of the host is necessary for transmission.