hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agnes Arellano
Agnes Arellano (born 21 November 1949) is a sculptor from the Philippines known for her surrealistic and expressionist sculptural groupings. Her works tend to be provocative, often featuring nude female bodies in imposing positions or mutilated body parts. Common subjects include goddesses and other feminine figures from various faiths, with an emphasis on comparative mythology.

Arellano has held several exhibitions around the world, including in her native country, the United States, Germany, Japan, South Africa, and Singapore.

San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 134,312 people. It is located in Metro Manila's approximate geographical center, and is the country's smallest city by land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as the Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique, and bargain retail.
Netwide Assembler
The Netwide Assembler (NASM) is an assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture. It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit (IA-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) programs. It is considered one of the most popular assemblers for Linux and x86 chips.

It was originally written by Simon Tatham with assistance from Julian Hall. As of 2016, it is maintained by a small team led by H. Peter Anvin. It is open-source software released under the terms of a simplified (2-clause) BSD license.

Binary file
A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files containing formatted text, such as older Microsoft Word document files, contain the text of the document but also contain formatting information in binary form.
George E. A. Hallett
Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett  (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve.

Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown
John Alcock and Arthur Brown were British aviators who, in 1919, made the first non-stop transatlantic flight. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the Daily Mail prize of £10,000 (equivalent to £580,000 in 2023) for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by aeroplane in "less than 72 consecutive hours". The flight carried nearly 200 letters, the first transatlantic airmail. The two aviators were knighted  by King George V at Windsor Castle a week later.
Argyrochosma
Argyrochosma is a genus of ferns known commonly as false cloak ferns. The genus is included in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae.  Species now in this genus were previously treated as members of related genera Notholaena or Pellaea but were segregated into their own genus in 1987.

Conrad Vernon Morton
Conrad Vernon Morton (24 October 1905 – 29 July 1972) was an American botanist, who did notable writings on ferns. He was also a specialist in Gesneriaceae and Solanaceae for the Smithsonian Institution from 1928.

In 1938, botanists Standl. & Steyerm., published Mortoniodendron, a genus of flowering plants from Central America, belonging to the family Malvaceae in Conrad Morton's honour. Then in 1939, botanist Robert Everard Woodson published Mortoniella a monotypic genus of flowering plants from Central America, in the family Apocynaceae, also in his honour. Later in 1975, botanist Wiehler published Neomortonia, a genus of flowering plant from South America, belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.
Higashi-Ishinden Station
Higashi-Ishinden Station (東一身田駅, Higashi-Ishinden-eki) is a railway station in Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by Ise Railway. The station is 19.4 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kawarada Station.

Kawarada Station
Kawarada Station (河原田駅, Kawarada-eki)  is an interchange passenger railway station in located in the city of  Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai) and the third sector railway company, Ise Railway.
51 Aquarii
51 Aquarii is a binary star system located around 410 light years away from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 51 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-white hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.78. The system is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +6 km/s.

The dual nature of this system was discovered by S. W. Burnham in 1873
with a 6 inches (15 cm) Alvan Clark refractor. The pair orbit each other with a period of 145 years and a large eccentricity of 0.7. The magnitude 6.45 primary, designated component A, is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 V. It has a high rate of rotation with a projected rotational velocity of 91 km/s. The secondary component has a matching class of A0 with a visual magnitude of 6.63. It has an effective temperature of 10,238 K.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Mnt IRES
The Mnt internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is an RNA element. Mnt is a transcriptional repressor related to the Myc/Mad family of transcription factors. It is thought that this IRES allows efficient Mnt synthesis when cap-dependent translation initiation is reduced.

Internal ribosome entry site
An internal ribosome entry site, abbreviated IRES, is an RNA element that allows for translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, as part of the greater process of protein synthesis. Initiation of eukaryotic translation nearly always occurs at and is dependent on the 5' cap of mRNA molecules, where the translation initiation complex forms and ribosomes engage the mRNA. IRES elements, however, allow ribosomes to engage the mRNA and begin translation independently of the 5' cap.
Jüterbog–Nauen railway
The Jüterbog–Nauen railway is a line that runs to the west of Berlin through the German state of Brandenburg. It runs from Jüterbog via Treuenbrietzen, Beelitz, Potsdam, Wustermark to Nauen. The line is a part of the Bypass Railway (Umgehungsbahn), which was primarily designed to relieve congestion on the railways in Berlin. The Wustermark–Nauen section has been closed, the Golm–Priort section is now a part of the Berlin outer ring and has been rebuilt as a double-track main line.

Berlin–Hamburg railway
The Berlin–Hamburg railway is a roughly 286 km (178 mi) long railway line for passenger, long-distance and goods trains. It was the first high-speed line upgraded in Germany to be capable of handling train speeds of over 200 km/h (120 mph) (up to 230 km/h).

The line was built by the Berlin-Hamburg Railway Company, work starting on 6 May 1844, and was taken into service on 15 December 1846. It was then the longest trunk route in the German states, and ran from Berlin's Hamburg station (from October 1884 from Lehrte station), via Spandau, Neustadt (Dosse), Wittenberge, Ludwigslust, Büchen and along the already existing 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) route of the Hamburg-Bergedorf Railway to the Berlin station in Hamburg.
Payyoli railway station
Payyoli railway station (station code: PYOL) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a major railway station serving the town of Payyoli in the Kozhikode District of Kerala, India. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. It is a railway station in Kozhikode district, Kerala.

Shoranur–Mangalore section
The Shoranur–Mangalore section, also known as Shoranur–Mangaluru section, is a railway segment of IR functioning under Palakkad Division of Southern Railway Zone.  This is a 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge electrified line which begins at the Shornur Junction railway station in Kerala and ends at the Mangalore Central railway station in Karnataka.  This line passes through  major towns including Tirur, Kozhikode, Vatakara, Thalassery, Kannur, Payyannur, Kanhangad and Kasaragod.

This line covers entire Districts of Malabar region in Kerala except Wayanad district and terminates at Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka after crossing the Nethravathi River.

The Shoranur–Mangalore section is a strategic route and the lifeline of Malabar's economy that interconnects the important cities of this regions and also serves as a threshold to Tulu Nadu, Konkan and Mumbai from Kerala.
Spondylus squamosus
Spondylus squamosus is a species of Spondylus, a genus of bivalve.

This species is found in the Northern Pacific Ocean, resting in tidal zone up to 20 m deep in the sea.  They attach themselves to the basis of the sea with their right valve.

Spondylus
Spondylus is a genus of bivalve molluscs, the only genus in the family Spondylidae and subfamily Spondylinae. They are known in English as spiny oysters or thorny oysters (although they are not, in fact, true oysters, but are related to scallops).
Fundamental lemma of interpolation theory
In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis, the fundamental lemma of interpolation theory is a lemma that establishes the relationship between different methods of interpolation in Banach spaces.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Dark Illustrated
Digital Artists of a Rare Kind, later known as Dark Illustrated, or simply Dark was an underground computer artscene group that primarily released ANSI, ASCII, and high resolution artwork from 1994 to 1999. Though the organization did not operate as long as ACiD, iCE, or CiA, Dark was a very influential and critically successful group. Dark was especially popular with Canadian ANSI artists, who made up a large portion of the member base.

ACiD Productions
ACiD Productions (ACiD) is a digital art group. Founded in 1990, the group originally specialized in ANSI artwork for bulletin board systems (BBS). More recently, they have extended their reach into other graphical media and computer software development. During the BBS-era, their biggest competitor was iCE Advertisements.
Robert J. Fenton
Robert Joseph Fenton Jr is an American governmental official who worked for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1996 and was appointed Regional Administrator for FEMA Region IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, and the Pacific Islands in July 2015. He had a leadership role in the development of the National Incident Management System and the National Response Framework.

He was FEMA's acting administrator under President Donald Trump from January 26, 2017, until his successor Brock Long was confirmed on June 23, 2017. Fenton performed the duties of the FEMA administrator in January 2021, while Pete Gaynor was serving as the acting secretary of homeland security and was succeeded by New York Emergency Department Commissioner Deanne Criswell.

Pete Gaynor
Peter Thomas Gaynor (born 1958) is an American emergency manager who served briefly as acting Secretary of Homeland Security under President Trump.
Gaynor previously served as administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). He was appointed as Acting Administrator by President Donald Trump on March 8, 2019, and became Administrator on January 16, 2020.

Gaynor was Acting Secretary of Homeland Security from January 12, 2021, upon the resignation of Chad Wolf, until President Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021.
Carlo Röthlisberger
Carlo Röthlisberger (born 23 August 1994) is a Swiss-Italian ice dancer who competes for Italy. With his skating partner and wife, Victoria Manni, he is the 2016 Santa Claus Cup bronze medalist, a four-time Swiss national champion, and a four-time Italian national silver medalist (2023–26). As a team, they have competed in nine ISU Championships.

Mentor Toruń Cup
The World Mentor Toruń Cup (previously known as the Kangus Cup in 2006, the Nestlé Kangus Cup in 2008, the GAM Nestlé Nesquik Cup from 2009 to 2010, the Mentor Nestlé Nesquik Toruń Cup from 2011 to 2016, and the Mentor Cup from 2017 to 2019) is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held in January in Toruń, Poland. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Monett Times
The Monett Times was a weekly newspaper in Monett, Missouri, a small city of around 9,000 people that falls into both northern Barry County and southern Lawrence County. The main focus of the publication was on local news, but it did include some state, national and international stories. The Monett Times was most recently published on Wednesdays, and had a circulation of around 3,300. It ceased publication on June 25, 2024, merging into the Lawrence County Record.

Monett, Missouri
Monett is the most-populous city in Barry and Lawrence counties in Missouri, United States. The city is located in the Ozarks, just south of Interstate 44 between Joplin and Springfield. According to the 2024 census population estimate, the town is home to an estimated 10,108 individuals.
Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad
The Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad was a 197.9-mile (318.5 km) railroad built by William A. Clark that ran northwest from a connection with the mainline of the San Pedro, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake Railroad at Las Vegas, Nevada to the gold mines at Goldfield. The SPLA&SL railroad later became part of the Union Pacific Railroad and serves as their mainline between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City.

William A. Clark
William Andrews Clark Sr. (January 8, 1839 – March 2, 1925) was an American entrepreneur, involved with mining, banking, land development mercantile/commercial sales, agriculture and timber enterprises, and railroads. He was also a U.S. senator.
Jenő Váncsa
Jenő Váncsa (17 October 1928 – 17 January 2016) was a Hungarian agrarian engineer and former Communist politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture and Food between 1980 and 1989.

On 17 January 2016, he died at the age of 87.

Minister of Agriculture (Hungary)
The minister of agriculture of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország földművelésügyi minisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Agriculture. The current agriculture minister is István Nagy.

The position was called Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Trade (Hungarian: földmívelés-, ipar-, és kereskedelemügyi miniszter) from 1848 to 1889, People's Commissar of Agriculture (Hungarian: földmívelésügyi népbiztos) during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, Minister of Agriculture and Food (Hungarian: mezőgazdasági és élelmezésügyi miniszter) between 1967 and 1990, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Hungarian: földművelésügyi és vidékfejlesztési miniszter) from 1998 till 2010 and Minister of Rural Development (Hungarian: vidékfejlesztési miniszter) between 2010 and 2014.
Marko Mihojević
Marko Mihojević (pronounced [mâːrko mǐxojeʋitɕ]; born 21 April 1996) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Mihojević started his professional career at Leotar, before joining Sarajevo in 2014. Four years later, he moved to PAOK, who loaned him to OFI later that year and to Erzgebirge Aue in 2019. He signed with Göztepe in 2020. In 2024, he joined Radnički 1923.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mihojević made his senior international debut in 2018, earning 4 caps until 2021.

2017–18 Greek Football Cup
The 2017–18 Greek Football Cup was the 76th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 33 clubs were accepted to enter. The competition commenced in September 2017 with the preliminary round and concluded on 12 May 2018 with the Final. PAOK won the competition for second consecutive year beating AEK Athens 2–0 in the final held at the Olympic Stadium.
Jiagun
The jiagun ( 夾棍) ankle crusher was a Chinese instrument of torture consisting of three wooden boards approximately a yard in length that were connected with cords, which when placed around a suspect's feet and gradually pulled, caused agonizing pain in order to force a confession. Under traditional Chinese law, a person could not be convicted of a crime unless they confessed. The jiagun was a legal and non-lethal method for torturing men to confess, and for women there was the similar and less painful zanzhi finger crusher with small sticks and cords.

Brodequin (torture)
The brodequin was an instrument of torture used during the Middle Ages.

The victim would be secured to on a stout bench in a sitting position. His bare legs were sandwiched within a set of three strong, narrow vertical boards, outside each leg and between, the lot tightly bound together with strong rope. Wedges of wood were introduced into any available gaps and slowly pounded down with a mallet, squeezing the legs with enough pressure to shatter bones and leak both blood and marrow.  For so-called ordinary offenses, the torture was conducted with four wedges, while eight wedges tortured the legs of extreme felons.
3rd FAI World Rally Flying Championship
3rd FAI World Rally Flying Championship took place between August 28 -August 31, 1980 in Aschaffenburg in West Germany.

There took part 32 crews from 10 countries: Federal Republic of Germany (6), United Kingdom (6), Austria (6), Poland (4), Italy (3), Sweden (2), Luxembourg (2), South Africa (1), the Netherlands (1), Switzerland (1).

Most popular airplane was Cessna 150 (6 crews) and  Cessna 172 (6), then PZL-104 Wilga (4, Polish team), Piper PA-28 Cherokee (4), Cessna 152 (2) and Piper PA-24 Comanche (2). Other types were single (Piper PA-22, Grumman American AA-5, Morane-Saulnier MS-885, B-24R, Bölkow Bo 207, F-8L Falco, PN-68, SIAI Marchetti SF.260).

Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (French: Fédération aéronautique internationale; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight.  It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.
1991–92 QMJHL season
The 1991–92 QMJHL season was the 23rd season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The league inaugurates the Molson Cup, awarded to the overall "Rookie of the Year," in addition to the existing Michel Bergeron Trophy and Raymond Lagacé Trophy.

The top three scorers in the league, are all linemates from the Saint-Hyacinthe Laser. Centreman Charles Poulin won the QMJHL's Most Valuable Player and CHL Player of the Year. Completing the line were; left winger Patrick Poulin, the league's scoring champion; and right winger Martin Gendron, the league's Most sportsmanlike player and Offensive Player of the Year.
The league went back to the players wearing a half visor.

Twelve teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Verdun Collège Français finished first overall in the regular season, winning their first Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won its first President's Cup, defeating the Trois-Rivières Draveurs in the finals.

Sidney Crosby Trophy
The Sidney Crosby Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) to the overall Rookie of the Year. The Cup was known as the Molson Cup from 1991 to 1994, and the New Face Cup from 1994 to 1996. From 1996 to 2025 the award was known as the RDS Cup and was sponsored by the French-language sports network Réseau des sports (RDS). In 2025, the award was renamed to honour Sidney Crosby.
Kang Kum-sil
Kang Kum-Sil (Korean: 강금실; born February 12, 1957) is a South Korean politician and a lawyer, and also served as the minister of justice from February 2003 to July 2004. She was the ruling Uri Party mayoral candidate for Seoul (lost to Oh Se-hoon of Grand National Party), and is a graduate of Seoul National University with a degree in Law.

Oh Se-hoon
Oh Se-hoon (Korean: 오세훈; born 4 January 1961) is a South Korean politician and lawyer who has served as the mayor of Seoul since 2021, an office he previously held from 2006 to 2011. A member of the People Power Party, he served as a member of the National Assembly from 2000 to 2004.
Alive! (Kiss album)
Alive! is the fourth album overall, and the first live album, by American hard rock band Kiss, released on September 10, 1975. It is considered to be their breakthrough, and a landmark for live albums. The double-album contains live versions of selected tracks from their first three studio albums, Kiss, Hotter Than Hell and Dressed to Kill. It was recorded at concerts in Detroit, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; Wildwood, New Jersey; and Davenport, Iowa on May 16, June 21, July 20 and 23, 1975.

The album's title was an homage to the 1972 live album Slade Alive! by the English rock group Slade, a band that heavily influenced Kiss.

Gene Simmons
Gene Simmons (born Chaim Witz; Hebrew: חיים ויץ [χaˈim ˈvits]; August 25, 1949), also known by his stage persona "the Demon", is an Israeli-American musician. He was the bassist and co-lead singer of the hard rock band Kiss, which he co-founded with Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley, and Peter Criss in 1973. Simmons, alongside Stanley, remained a constant member of the band until their dissolution in 2023. Simmons is also known for his long tongue and for his reality television show, Gene Simmons Family Jewels, which aired from 2006 to 2012. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.