hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitchell Miller (philosopher)
Mitchell H. Miller, Jr. is an American philosopher.  He was, until his retirement in 2013, the Dexter Ferry Professor in Philosophy at Vassar College.  The majority of his work concerns the late dialogues of Plato, but he has also written on Hesiod, Parmenides, and Hegel.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen
Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (VDH) is a kennel club that represents Germany in the international federation Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Founded on 11 June 1949, it is headquartered in Dortmund.

As the country-wide controlling body, VDH represents 176 member organizations, such as the German Dog Sports Association and the German Association of Working Dog Sports Clubs, with more than 650,000 members, and covering over 250 different breeds of dog.

Kennel club
A kennel club (known as a kennel council or canine council in some countries) is an organization for canine affairs that concerns itself with the breeding, showing and promotion of more than one breed of dog. Kennel clubs became popular in the mid 19th century. All-encompassing kennel clubs are also referred to as 'all-breed clubs', although "all" means only those breeds that they have decided to recognize, and "breed"  means purebred dogs, not including dog hybrids and crossbreeds or mixed-breed dogs. A club that handles only one breed is known as a breed club.
Viola (plant)
Viola, commonly known as the violets, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.

Some Viola species are perennial plants, some are annual plants, and a few are small shrubs. Many species, varieties and cultivars are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers. In horticulture, the term pansy is normally used for those multi-colored large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding.

Viola sororia
Viola sororia (/vaɪˈoʊlə səˈrɔːriə/ vy-OH-lə sə-ROR-ee-ə), known commonly as the common blue violet, is a short-stemmed herbaceous perennial plant native to eastern North America. It is known by a number of common names, including common meadow violet, purple violet, woolly blue violet, hooded violet, and wood violet.

This perennial plant is distributed in the eastern half of the United States, Canada, and a part of eastern Mexico. Its native habitats are rich, moist woods, and swamps located in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. Its cultivar 'Albiflora' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Self-seeding freely in lawns and gardens, it can be considered a weed by some. Cleistogamous seed heads may also appear on short stems in late summer and early autumn.
Tucao Mastura
Datu Tucao Ong Mastura (Full birthname: Datu Ahmad Tucao Ong Mastura bin Sultan Kudarat; born September 3, 1946) is a Filipino politician who is the incumbent and the first-ever elected governor of the newly formed province of Maguindanao del Norte.

He is the younger brother of the lawyer, historian, professor and former Maguindanao First District and Cotabato City Congressman Datu Michael Mastura, and an older brother of Mayor Datu Armando Mastura of Sultan Mastura, Maguindanao del Norte. He is also the father of former provincial board member, vice governor and governor of Maguindanao del Norte, Datu Sharifudin Tucao Panga Mastura.

Datu Mastura is said to be the "kingmaker" of the Mastura clan, one of the biggest political families in Maguindanao del Norte.

Department of the Interior and Local Government
The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety and strengthening local government capability aimed towards the effective delivery of basic services to the citizenry.

The department is currently led by the secretary of the interior and local government, nominated by the president of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet. The current secretary of the interior and local government is Jonvic Remulla.
Black Max
Black Max is a British comic character who has appeared in eponymous strips published by IPC Magazines and Rebellion Developments. The character, a German World War I fighter pilot with telepathic control over gigantic bats, first appeared in the launch issue of IPC weekly comic Thunder on 17 October 1970. The comic only lasted for 22 issues before merging with Lion; "Black Max" survived the transfer, and would continue until 21 October 1972; it was replaced by a spin-off strip called "Secrets of the Demon Dwarf", focusing on supporting character Doktor Gratz. Since 2018, the character has returned in new material published by Rebellion Developments.

Rebellion Developments
Rebellion Developments Limited is a British video game developer based in Oxford. Founded by Jason and Chris Kingsley in December 1992, the company is best known for Sniper Elite and multiple games in the Alien vs. Predator series. Sister company Rebellion Publishing has published comic books since 2000, when it purchased 2000 AD, the publisher of characters such as Judge Dredd and Rogue Trooper. In the 2010s the studio saw growth and success with their Sniper Elite series of games. The series has spanned 5 mainline installments and multiple spin-offs, including the Sniper Elite: Nazi Zombie Army entries. Their latest title, Atomfall, was released on March 27, 2025.
2011–12 Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2011–12 Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the 11th season of the Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 13 teams from Bosnia participating in it.

Regular season will start on October 15, 2011, and it will last until March 17, 2012.

Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top–tier men's professional basketball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina for men and women, respectively. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History of Uxbridge, Massachusetts
The history of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, founded in 1727, may be divided into its prehistory, its colonial history and its modern industrial history. Uxbridge is located on the Massachusetts-Rhode Island state line, and became a center of the earliest industrialized region in the United States.

Uxbridge Common District
The Uxbridge Common District is located in downtown Uxbridge, Massachusetts.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  Historic buildings in this district include the Uxbridge Academy, Uxbridge Free Public Library, the Deborah A. Wheelock House, a blacksmith shop, the First Congregational Church, and the Unitarian Church.
2005 Bank of the West Classic
The 2005 Bank of the West Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the Tier II Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It was the 34th edition of the tournament and took place at the Taube Tennis Center in Stanford, California, United States, from July 25 through July 31, 2005.

2005 WTA Tour
The 2005 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2005 tennis season. The 2005 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Scharrel
Scharrel (Saterland Frisian: Skäddel [ˈskɛdəl]) is a village and former municipality in the German state of Lower Saxony. In 1974 the until then independent municipality became part of the newly formed municipality of Saterland in the District of Cloppenburg.

Cloppenburg (district)
Cloppenburg is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Ammerland, Oldenburg, Vechta, Osnabrück, Emsland and Leer.

Like the neighbouring Vechta district, it is well known for factory farming, especially of turkeys and pigs. These two districts are also known as the Schweinegürtel (“pig belt”). The ground is mostly of poor quality. The mass import of animal food made factory farming possible. With the help of liquid manure, corn is grown, which is also used for a growing production of biogas.
2008 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 2008 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 45th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kerry in the Munster semi-final.

On 3 May 2008, Kerry won the championship following a 2-12 to 0-11 defeat of Kildare in the All-Ireland final. This was their 10th All-Ireland title overall and their first in ten championship seasons.

2007 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 2007 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 44th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Mayo entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Laois in the All-Ireland semi-final.

On 5 May 2007, Cork won the championship following a 2-10 to 0-15 defeat of Laois in the All-Ireland final. This was their 10th All-Ireland title overall and their first in 13 championship seasons.
Morindone
Morindone is an anthraquinone compound obtained from various Morinda species, especially M. tinctoria, but also M. citrifolia. Its principal use is as a dye, but it has also been investigated for anticancer and microbial uses.

Morinda
Morinda is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. The generic name is derived from the Latin words morus 'mulberry', referring to the appearance of the fruits, and indica, meaning 'of India'.
Henri Fouquet
Henri Fouquet (31 July 1727 – 10 October 1806) was an 18th-century French physician.

He was a student of Gabriel François Venel at the faculté de médecine de Montpellier.

A military physician, inspector of the army of the Pyrénées-Orientales, he held the first Chair of internal clinic of Montpellier from 1794 to 1803.

He collaborated with the Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, was a member of the Institut de France and chevalier of the Légion d'honneur (decree dated 17 July 1804).

In 1800 he went to Andalusia to analyze the variations of the pulse based on various conditions and provided graphical representations of these conditions.

Encyclopédistes
The Encyclopédistes (French: [ɑ̃siklɔpedist]) (also known in British English as Encyclopaedists, or in U.S. English as Encyclopedists) were contributors to the Encyclopédie, the first encyclopedia with signed contributions from numerous collaborators. The Encyclopédie (1751-72) was edited by Jean-Paul De Gua de Malves from 1746 to 1747, co-edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert from 1747 to 1758, and edited by Diderot alone through 1772.
Mandouri
Mandouri is a city in Togo. It is the seat of Kpendjal Prefecture in Savanes Region, located 48 km from the border with Ghana, 105 km from the city of Dapaong and about 600 km from the capital, Lomé.  The population of the city is about 7,700 in 2022.

Dapaong
Dapaong (also known as Dapaongo or Dapango) is a city in northern Togo and prefecture seat of Tône in the Savanes Region, of which it is also the capital. It had a population of 58,071 at the 2010 Census. It is situated 638 km north of the capital Lomé, near the border with Burkina Faso. It is a market town and has a small museum.
Obsolete shoulder sleeve insignia of the United States Army
Shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI) are cloth patches worn on the shoulders of US Army uniforms since World War I to identify the primary headquarters to which a soldier is assigned. Insignia is issued to commands, field armies, corps, divisions and brigades. Some other formations also have SSI's and rarely - a regiment may have one. They are created and assigned by the US Army Institute of Heraldry. When a unit is deactivated, so usually is the SSI, but it can be reassigned. Also an SSI can be deactivated and the unit will then usually wear the insignia of its next highest command (usually a division or a command).

XX Corps (United States)
The XX Corps of the United States Army fought from northern France to Austria in World War II. Constituted on 10 October 1943 by re-designating the IV Armored Corps of the Army Ground Forces, a training organization which had been activated at Camp Young, California on 5 September 1942, XX Corps became operational in France as part of Lieutenant General George S. Patton's U.S. Third Army on 1 August 1944.

IV Armored Corps5 September 1942 - 10 October 1943

XX CorpsAfter 10 October 1943
1984 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships
The 1984 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1984 at the CSU Natatorium at Cleveland State University in Cleveland, Ohio at the 61st annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. The men's and women's titles would not be held at the same site until 2006.

Florida again topped the team standings, the Gators' second men's title.

2006 NCAA Division I Swimming and Diving Championships
The 2006 NCAA Division Swimming and Diving Championships refer to one of two events held during March 2006 to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I men's and women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States:

2006 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships– held at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia and won by Auburn

2006 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships – held at the Gabrielsen Natatorium at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia and won by Auburn
NGC 6028
NGC 6028 is a barred lenticular galaxy and a ring galaxy located about 200 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. Ring galaxies such as NGC 6028 are also known as Hoag-type galaxies as they may have a resemblance to the prototype, Hoag's Object.  NGC 6028 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 14, 1784. It was then rediscovered by astronomer Guillaume Bigourdan on May 4, 1886.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.
Baker Street Jewish Cemeteries
The Baker Street Jewish Cemeteries are a group of 42 Jewish cemeteries in use since the 1920s on Baker Street in the West Roxbury section of Boston. The cemeteries are located on land that once formed part of Brook Farm, a 19th-century communal-living experiment.

The series of small cemeteries are strung along both sides of a narrow access road at 776 Baker Street that leads only to the last of the small cemeteries. Each was owned and managed by an individual Boston-area congregation or Jewish organization.

West Roxbury
West Roxbury is a neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, bordered by Roslindale and Jamaica Plain to the northeast, the village of Chestnut Hill and the town of Brookline to the north, the city of Newton to the northwest, the towns of Dedham and Needham to the southwest, and Hyde Park to the southeast. It is separated from Roxbury by Roslindale and Jamaica Plain.
Antony Sumich
Antony Sumich FSSP  (born 30 September 1964 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a former international rugby union and cricket player for Croatia, skiing instructor and rugby coach, and is now a Catholic priest of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter.

Wigratzbad
Wigratzbad is a hamlet in the Lindau district of Bavaria, Germany. The village is 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of the town of Opfenbach, and 0.6 km (0.4 mi) south of Hergatz. It is situated on the ancient frontier of Bavaria and Swabia, a short distance from Germany's borders with Austria and Switzerland.
3,4-Dimethoxymethamphetamine
3,4-Dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine (DMMA) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It appears to act as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), although it is significantly less potent than MDMA.

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs may produce euphoriant, decongestant, aphrodisiacal, anorectic, nootropic, entactogenic, and/or psychostimulant effects. Drugs of this class tend to have high abuse liability, especially when taken in supratherapeutic quantities.

A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).
Annapolis National Cemetery
Annapolis National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Annapolis, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It encompasses 4.1 acres (1.7 ha), and as of 2020, had over 3,100 interments. It is operated and maintained by the Baltimore National Cemetery.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Carex stipata
Carex stipata, variously called the prickly sedge, awl-fruited sedge, awlfruit sedge, owlfruit sedge, swamp sedge, sawbeak sedge, stalk-grain sedge and common fox sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to Canada, the United States, China, Korea, Japan, and Far Eastern Russia. It is a wetland obligate.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Results of the 2020 Victorian local elections in Loddon Mallee
This is a list of results for the 2020 Victorian local elections in the Loddon Mallee region.

Loddon Mallee has a population of around 350,000 and covers ten local government areas (LGAs), including the City of Greater Bendigo.

2020 Victorian local elections
The 2020 Victorian local elections were held on 24 October 2020 to elect the councils of 76 of the 79 local government areas in Victoria, Australia.

Three councils did not hold elections − South Gippsland (dismissed in June 2019), Casey (dismissed in February 2020) and Whittlesea (dismissed in March 2020). An election for South Gippsland was held in October 2021, while Casey and Whittlesea did not have their elections until 2024.
South Yanggao Road station
South Yanggao Road (simplified Chinese: 杨高南路; traditional Chinese: 楊高南路; pinyin: Yánggāo Nán Lù) is a station on Line 7 of the Shanghai Metro, located in Pudong District. It opened in 2009.

The station has 4 platforms, but only the 2 outer platforms are in regular service.

Line 7 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 7 is a northwest–southeast line of the Shanghai Metro network. It connects the Baoshan District of Shanghai with the downtown core as well as the Pudong New Area and the Expo 2010 site. It currently runs from Meilan Lake in Baoshan District to Huamu Road in Pudong, which is near Shanghai New International Expo Center. Qihua Road serves as a terminus for trains returning to Chentai Road Depot. The line is colored orange on system maps.
Dini derivative
In mathematics and, specifically, real analysis, the Dini derivatives (or Dini derivates) are a class of generalizations of the derivative. They were introduced by Ulisse Dini, who studied continuous but nondifferentiable functions.

The upper Dini derivative, which is also called an upper right-hand derivative, of a continuous function

is denoted by f′+ and defined by

where lim sup is the supremum limit and the limit is a one-sided limit. The lower Dini derivative, f′−, is defined by

where lim inf is the infimum limit.

If f is defined on a vector space, then the upper Dini derivative at t in the direction d is defined by

If f is locally Lipschitz, then f′+ is finite. If f is differentiable at t, then the Dini derivative at t is the usual derivative at t.

One-sided limit
In calculus, a one-sided limit refers to either one of the two limits of a function  of a real variable  as  approaches a specified point either from the left or from the right.

The limit as  decreases in value approaching  ( approaches  "from the right" or "from above") can be denoted:

The limit as  increases in value approaching  ( approaches  "from the left" or "from below") can be denoted:

If the limit of  as  approaches  exists then the limits from the left and from the right both exist and are equal. In some cases in which the limit

does not exist, the two one-sided limits nonetheless exist.  Consequently, the limit as  approaches  is sometimes called a "two-sided limit".

It is possible for exactly one of the two one-sided limits to exist (while the other does not exist). It is also possible for neither of the two one-sided limits to exist.
Tosaka-dera
The Tosaka-dera (鳥坂寺, Tosaka-dera) was an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Takaida neighborhood of the city of Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 2012. The site was formerly referred to as the Takaida temple ruins (高井田廃寺, Takaida haiji) until positively identified in 1983.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).