hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Signedness
In computing, signedness is a property of data types representing numbers in computer programs. A numeric variable is signed if it can represent both positive and negative numbers, and unsigned if it can only represent non-negative numbers (zero or positive numbers).

As signed numbers can represent negative numbers, they lose a range of positive numbers that can only be represented with unsigned numbers of the same size (in bits) because roughly half the possible values are non-positive values, whereas the respective unsigned type can dedicate all the possible values to the positive number range.

For example, a two's complement signed 16-bit integer can hold the values −32768 to 32767 inclusively, while an unsigned 16 bit integer can hold the values 0 to 65535. For this sign representation method, the leftmost bit (most significant bit) denotes whether the value is negative (0 for positive or zero, 1 for negative).

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Marjorie O'Neill
Marjorie Spooner O'Neill is an Australian politician. O'Neill was elected as a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Coogee at the 2019 state election. O'Neill was also a Councillor of Waverley Council from 2017 to 2021.

Waverley Council
Waverley Council is a local government area (LGA) in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. First incorporated on 16 June 1859 as the Municipality of Waverley, it is one of the oldest-surviving local government areas in New South Wales. Waverley is bounded by the Tasman Sea to the east, the Municipality of Woollahra to the north, and the City of Randwick in the south and west. The administrative centre of Waverley Council is located on Bondi Road in Bondi Junction in the Council Chambers on the corner of Waverley Park.

The elected Waverley Council is composed of twelve councillors elected proportionally across four wards, each electing three Councillors, and the most recent election was held on 14 September 2024. The current mayor of Waverley Council since October 2024 is Councillor William Nemesh of Hunter ward, a member of the NSW Liberal Party.
Dolph Camilli
Adolph Louis Camilli (April 23, 1907 – October 21, 1997) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball who spent most of his career with the Philadelphia Phillies and Brooklyn Dodgers. He was named the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1941 after leading the league in home runs and runs batted in as the Dodgers won the pennant for the first time since 1920. He was the ninth National League player to hit 200 career home runs, and held the Dodgers franchise record for career home runs from 1942 to 1953. His son Doug was a major league catcher in the 1960s. His brother, who boxed under the name Frankie Campbell, died of a cerebral hemorrhage following a 1930 match with Max Baer.

Sacramento Solons
The Sacramento Solons were a Minor League Baseball team based in Sacramento, California. They played in the Pacific Coast League during several periods (1903, 1905, 1909–1914, 1918–1960, 1974–1976). The current Sacramento River Cats began play in 2000.
Larry Sanders (politician)
Lawrence Sanders (born April 29, 1935) is an American-British academic, social worker, politician, and former Health and Social Care Spokesperson of the Green Party of England and Wales. He is the older brother of Bernie Sanders, United States Senator from Vermont and two-time U.S. presidential candidate.

Oxford East
Oxford East is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Anneliese Dodds of the Labour Party.

Created in 1983, the constituency covers the eastern and southern parts of Oxford in Oxfordshire. It borders Oxford West and Abingdon to the west and Henley to the north, east and south.
Bourbon River
The Bourbon River (in French: rivière Bourbon) is a tributary of the Bécancour River. It flows in the municipalities of Sainte-Sophie-d'Halifax, Plessisville, Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes and Princeville, in the L'Érable Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Centre-du-Quebec, Quebec, Canada.

L'Érable Regional County Municipality
L'Érable (French pronunciation: [leʁabl], Maple) is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada. Named for its maple trees, the area is rural in nature and is located 50 km southwest of Quebec City. Its seat is Plessisville.
Láwuyì Ògúnníran
Láwuyì Ògúnníran (5 November 1935 – 21 September 2020) was a Nigerian playwright who authored several works in the Yoruba language. His play, Eégún Aláré, is a widely acclaimed work, and is a required text for Yorùbá literature classes in many Nigerian secondary schools.

Several academic papers have been dedicated to analysing different issues in his works, including a PhD thesis by Saudat Adebisi Hamzat at the University of Ilorin, entitled A New Historicist Analysis of Selected Plays of Lawuyi Ogunniran and Olu Owolabi. Durotoye Adeleke, a professor of Linguistics and African Languages at the University of Ibadan has also examined the topos of the 'Shakespearean Fool' in Ogunniran's work, alongside three other Yorùbá plays by Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí, Ọláńrewájú Adépọ̀jù and Afọlábí Ọlábímtán. Others have concentrated on exploring the poetics and oratory style that the dramatist deploys in his works.

Adebayo Faleti
Adebayo Mosobalaje Faleti Listenⓘ (26 December 1921 – 23 July 2017) was Africa's first newscaster, Africa's first stage play director, Nigeria's first film editor and librarian with the first television station in Africa - Western Nigeria Television (WNTV), Nigeria's first Yoruba presenter on television and radio alike, a Nigerian poet, journalist, writer, Nollywood film director and actor. He was also known as a Yoruba translator, a broadcaster, TV exponent and pioneer of the first television station in Africa, Western Nigeria Television (WNTV), now known as the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Archived 2022-07-04 at the Wayback Machine.
Recursive self-improvement
Recursive self-improvement (RSI) is a process in which early artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems rewrite their own computer code, causing an intelligence explosion resulting from enhancing their own capabilities and intellectual capacity, theoretically resulting in  superintelligence.

The development of recursive self-improvement raises significant ethical and safety concerns, as such systems may evolve in unforeseen ways and could potentially surpass human control or understanding.

Ethics of artificial intelligence
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within AI that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic biases, fairness, accountability, transparency, privacy, and regulation, particularly where systems influence or automate human decision-making. It also covers various emerging or potential future challenges such as machine ethics (how to make machines that behave ethically), lethal autonomous weapon systems, arms race dynamics, AI safety and alignment, technological unemployment, AI-enabled misinformation, how to treat certain AI systems if they have a moral status (AI welfare and rights), artificial superintelligence and existential risks.

Some application areas may also have particularly important ethical implications, like healthcare, education, criminal justice, or the military.
Kopargaon railway station
Kopargaon railway station (station code: KPG) is a railway station serving Kopargaon town, in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra State of India. It is under Solapur railway division of Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

It is located at 508 m above sea level and has two platforms. As of 2016, an electrified single broad gauge railway line exists and at this station, 74 trains stop. Shirdi Airport is at distance of 20 kilometers.

Solapur railway division
Solapur railway division  is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is the largest division in Central Railway, covering 10 districts of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana.

The option of an Ahmednagar Karmala railway line is also being explored.
Andes chocolate mints
Andes chocolate mints are small rectangular candies. The crème de menthe variety consists of one mint-green layer sandwiched in between two cocoa based chocolate flavored layers. The candies are usually wrapped in green foil and imprinted with the company's logo, the word Andes written amidst a drawing of snow-capped peaks. First launched in 1950, they are produced by Tootsie Roll Industries and made in Delavan, Wisconsin.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Jach'a Wankarani
Jach'a Wankarani (Aymara jach'a big, wankara a kind of drum, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a big drum" or "the big one with a drum", also spelled Jachcha Huancarani, Jacha Huancarani) is a  mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,040 metres (13,255 ft) high. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Laja Municipality, near Saqaqani (Sacacani). Jach'a Wankarani lies north-east of the mountain Phujtir Pata Punta. It is situated next to the mountain Wankarani (4,009 metres (13,153 ft)).

Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range
The Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range (also spelled Kimsachata, Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, Pukina chata mountain, "three mountains", Hispanicized spellings Quimsachata, Quimsa Chata) is situated in Bolivia south east of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern part of Lake Titicaca, in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province. The range is named after one of highest mountains, the Kimsa Chata complex rising up to 4,735 metres (15,535 ft) about 15 km south of  Tiwanaku.

The range stretches from north to south-east almost parallel to the Taraco range north of it. Wakira River flows through the valley between the two ranges and Jach'a Jawira flows along its southern slopes.
Mariano Suárez
Mariano Suárez Veintimilla (8 June 1897 – 23 October 1980) was an Ecuadorian politician.

He was Minister of Finance from 1944 to 1945. He served as Velasco's Vice President from 1946 until he was ousted in 1947 by Carlos Mancheno Cajas. Soon Mancheno was ousted and Suárez served briefly as President of Ecuador from 2 September 1947 to 16 September 1947.

Vice President of Ecuador
The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Salary of the vice president is US$4,869 per month.

The current vice president is Maria Jose Pinto since 24 May 2025.

Below is the history of the office holders.
2026 Canadian Premier League season
The 2026 Canadian Premier League season is the upcoming eighth season of the Canadian Premier League, the top level of Canadian soccer. Atlético Ottawa are the defending champions and Forge FC are the CPL Shield holders.

CPL Shield
The Canadian Premier League Shield or CPL Shield is a trophy awarded annually to the Canadian Premier League (CPL) club with the best regular season finish. Although this award does not signify a league championship, as that is decided during the Canadian Premier League Finals, the winning team is awarded an equal monetary prize to the eventual playoff champions, and a berth in the next season's CONCACAF Champions Cup.
Rockstar (soundtrack)
Rockstar is the soundtrack album, composed by A. R. Rahman, to the 2011 Hindi musical film of the same name, directed by Imtiaz Ali, and starring Ranbir Kapoor and Nargis Fakhri in the lead roles. The lyrics for all the songs of the album were penned by Irshad Kamil. The film also stars Shammi Kapoor, who makes his last silver screen appearance in the film. The film is jointly produced by Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd and Eros International. The album features fourteen tracks, and was released on 30 September 2011 by T-Series to extremely positive critical reception and hysterical response from fans, grabbing nominations and numerous music awards held in the subsequent year. The entire album topped the iTunes world charts 2011 and continued its legacy until early 2012. The Indian Express has termed the film's soundtrack 'A Milestone for Bollywood'.

Sadda Haq (song)
"Sadda Haq" (transl. Our Right) is a song composed by A. R. Rahman for the 2011 Indian musical film Rockstar. The film stars Ranbir Kapoor and Nargis Fakhri in leading roles and is directed by Imtiaz Ali. The song features vocals by Mohit Chauhan and additional vocals by Clinton Cerejo and Arpit Gupta. The song also features Orianthi as a guitarist.

The hook, "sadda haq aithe rakh" is Punjabi for "give our right, right here (and right now)". MensXP placed the song 2nd on their list of the top 5 Hindi rock songs.
Parental abuse by children
Child-to-parent violence (CPV), also recognized as abuse of parents by their children, constitutes a manifestation of domestic violence characterized by the infliction of maltreatment upon parents. CPV can manifest in diverse forms, encompassing physical, verbal, psychological, emotional, and financial dimensions.: 3–6  The repercussions of enduring abuse from one's offspring can be substantial, exerting influence on the physical and mental well-being of parents, both in the immediate and prolonged periods.

Abuse
Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression. Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.
Germans in the Philippines
German settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines when the German Empire attempted to acquire the Philippines. This article also refers to the choice of Filipino citizenship and/or settlement in the Philippines by persons of either pure or mixed German descent who continued to reside in the country for a significant number of years or decades. The German community in the Philippines is the largest central European community in the country. The community comprises expats and immigrants.

Pia Wurtzbach
Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach-Jauncey (Tagalog: [ˈpiː.ɐ ʔɐˈloːn.so ˈwəːɾts.bɐk ˈd͡ʒoːn.si]; German: [ˈvʊʁtsbax]; English: /ˈwɜːrtsbæk, -bɑːk/ WURTS-ba(h)k; born September 24, 1989), formerly professionally known as Pia Romero, is a Filipino  model, actress, and beauty queen best known for winning the title of Miss Universe 2015. Previously, Wurtzbach won Binibining Pilipinas in 2015. She became the first Filipina to win in four decades.
2025 IIHF Women's World Championship Division III
The 2025 IIHF Women's World Championship Division III consisted of two international ice hockey tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Divisions III A and III B represent the sixth and the seventh tier of the 2025 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships.

Group A was held in Belgrade, Serbia, from 2 to 8 March 2025 and Group B in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 13 to 18 February 2025.

2025 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2025 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships were the 28th such series of tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition based on their 2024 results. The competition served as qualifications for division placements in the 2026 edition.

As in 2024, teams from Russia and Belarus were not allowed to enter, as they remained suspended by the IIHF due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine.
Chennai Egmore–Nagercoil Express
The Chennai Egmore–Nagercoil Express is a Superfast train belonging to Southern Railway that runs between Chennai Egmore and Nagercoil Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 12667/12668 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Nagercoil Junction railway station
Nagercoil Junction railway station (station code: NCJ) is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway junction in Kanyakumari district in the state of Tamil Nadu.
Independiente de Tandil
Club Independiente, more known as Independiente de Tandil, is an Argentine Football club, from the city of Tandil, in the Province of Buenos Aires. The team is currently playing in Zone F of the regionalised 4th level of Argentinian football Torneo Argentino B.

Tandil
Tandil is the main city of the homonymous partido (department), located in Argentina, in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, just north-northwest of Tandilia hills. The city was founded in 1823, and its name originates from the Piedra Movediza ("Moving Stone") which fell in 1912. The city is the birthplace of many notable sports personalities, as well as former president of Argentina Mauricio Macri.
Gmina Udanin
Gmina Udanin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Udanin, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Środa Śląska, and 43 kilometres (27 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 110.71 square kilometres (42.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 5,082. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area.

Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Środa County (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/; Polish: powiat średzki [ˈpɔvjat ˈɕrɛt͡skʲi], formerly Środa Śląska County) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of 703.7 square kilometres (271.7 sq mi). Its administrative seat and only town is Środa Śląska.

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 54,646, out of which the population of Środa Śląska accounts for 9,516, while the rural population is 45,130.
Babul Ka Angna
Babul Ka Angna (Urdu: بابل کا انگنا) is a Pakistani television soap opera that aired on Geo Entertainment from 13 January to 16 May 2016, with a total of 106 half-hour episodes broadcast on weekdays. It was produced by Babar Javed, written by Mohammad Asif, and directed by Tehseen Khan. The show addresses social issues that are increasingly prevalent in Pakistani society.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Parrot Anafi
The Parrot Anafi (stylized as ANAFI) is a French teleoperated quadcopter drone produced by Parrot SA.  Although the original consumer model suffered from numerous issues, later Anafi variants were adopted by multiple governments and militaries.

Quadcopter
A quadcopter, also called quadrocopter, or quadrotor is a type of helicopter or multicopter that has four rotors.

Although quadrotor helicopters and convertiplanes have long been flown experimentally, the configuration remained a curiosity until the arrival of the modern unmanned aerial vehicle or drone. The small size and low inertia of drones allows use of a particularly simple flight control system, which has greatly increased the practicality of the small quadrotor in this application.
Alexander Maconochie (penal reformer)
Alexander Maconochie (11 February 1787 – 25 October 1860) was a Scottish naval officer, geographer and penal reformer.

In 1840, Maconochie became the Governor of Norfolk Island, a prison island in which convicts were treated with severe brutality and were seen as lost causes. Upon reaching the island, Maconochie immediately instituted policies that restored dignity to prisoners and achieved remarkable success in prisoner rehabilitation. Those policies were well in advance of their time, but Maconochie was politically undermined.

His ideas would be largely ignored and forgotten, only to be readopted as the basis of modern penal systems over a century later, during the mid-to-late 20th century. He was also the first professor of geography at the University College London.

Robert Hughes (critic)
Robert Studley Forrest Hughes (28 July 1938 – 6 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic, writer, and producer of television documentaries. He was described in 1997 by Robert Boynton of The New York Times as "the most famous art critic in the world."

Hughes earned widespread recognition for his book and television series on modern art, The Shock of the New, and for his longstanding position as art critic with TIME magazine. He is also known for his best seller The Fatal Shore (1986), a study of the British convict system in early Australian history. Known for his contentious critiques of art and artists, Hughes was generally conservative in his tastes, although he did not belong to a particular philosophical camp. His writing was noted for its power and elegance.
Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens
Pseudopyrenula flavoreagens is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil and Panama, in both primary forest and disturbed rainforests.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.