hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Official Information Act 1997
The Official Information Act 1997 (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติข้อมูลข่าวสารของราชการ พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๐) is a Thai act which guarantees the people's right to have full access to government information. It was approved by the Thai National Assembly in July 1997 and entered into application on 8 December 1997.

Black May (Thailand)
Black May (Thai: พฤษภาทมิฬ; RTGS: Phruetsapha Thamin), also known as "Bloody May", was a series of mass protests and subsequent crackdowns by the Thai military and royal police in Bangkok in May 1992. A rally of over 200,000 people led by Chamlong Srimuang was held on 17 May, caused by the extending of the military regime of Suchinda Kraprayoon, the 1991 Thai coup d'état leader. An estimated 52 to 100 protesters were killed, 696 were injured, and 175 had "disappeared" afterwards. King Bhumibol Adulyadej summoned both Chamlong and Suchinda on 20 May, and the Suchinda regime later received a sweeping amnesty along with other law reforms, signed by Bhumibol.
Pandanus Park Community
Pandanus Park is a medium-sized Aboriginal community, located 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Derby in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Derby–West Kimberley. It is on the banks of the Fitzroy River just off the Great Northern Highway opposite the Willare Roadhouse.

Derby, Western Australia
Derby (/ˈdɜːrbi/ DUR-bee) is a town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Derby had a population of 3,222 with 41.5% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent. Along with Broome and Kununurra, it is one of only three towns in the Kimberley to have a population over 2,000. Located on King Sound, Derby has the highest tides in Australia, with the differential between low and high tide reaching 11.8 metres (39 ft).
Seven Oaks School Division
Seven Oaks School Division (SOSD, or colloquially 7 Oaks) is a school division in the north-west area of Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada. Established in July 1959, it takes in the Winnipeg neighbourhoods of West Kildonan, Garden City, the Maples, Riverbend, and Amber Trails, as well as the Rural Municipality of West St. Paul.

West Kildonan
West Kildonan is a residential suburb within the Old Kildonan and Mynarski city wards of Winnipeg, Manitoba, lying on the west side of the Red River of the North, and immediately north of the old City of Winnipeg in the north-central part of the city.

It is bounded by the Red River on the east; the north limit of Kildonan Golf Course, Main Street, Seaforth Avenue, the Canadian Pacific Railway Winnipeg Beach Subdivision, and Templeton Avenue on the north; McPhillips Street on the west; and Carruthers Avenue, McGregor Street, and the lane between McAdam and Smithfield Avenues on the south.

It is notably home to Kildonan Park, West Kildonan Collegiate, and the former West Kildonan North Stars.
Heyford Park School
Heyford Park School is a free school in Upper Heyford, England. The school was opened in November 2020 after the Heyford Park Free School was closed in September 2020. In the school's most recent inspection (October 2023) Ofsted rated it as good. The school is a part of the Eynsham Partnership Academy Trust.

Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire
Upper Heyford is a village and civil parish about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,295.

The village is just east of the River Cherwell. "Upper" distinguishes it from Lower Heyford which is about 1 mile (1.6 km) "lower", downstream along the Cherwell valley. The parish measures about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) east–west and almost 2 miles (3 km) north–south. In 1959 it covered 1,628 acres (659 ha).

The parish's western boundary is just west of the river. Chilgrove Drive, a continuation of Aves ditch, forms part of the parish's eastern boundary. Field boundaries bound the parish on the south. In the north the boundary crosses the former RAF Upper Heyford airfield, following the course of former field boundaries.
2004 Centrobasket
This page shows the results of the 2004 Men's Central American and Caribbean Basketball Championship, also known as the 2004 Centrobasket, which was held in the city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from July 7 to July 11, 2004.

Centrobasket
The Centrobasket is a FIBA-sponsored international basketball tournament where national teams from Central America and the Caribbean participate. These countries make up the Central American and Caribbean Basketball Confederation (CONCENCABA). The top three or four Women's National teams typically earn berths to the FIBA Women's AmeriCup, from which they can qualify for the FIBA Basketball World Cup or Summer Olympics. Teams qualify for these tournaments by finishing high (usually first or second place) in the previous Centrobasket or by placing high at the FIBA COCABA Championship for Mexico and the seven Central American countries and at the FIBA CBC Championship for the 23 Caribbean countries. In total, 31 countries have an opportunity to qualify their national teams for Centrobasket, yet all of them do not enter teams regularly.
Gloucester County Christian School
Gloucester County Christian School (GCCS) is a private Christian school located in the Sewell section of Mantua Township, New Jersey, United States. Gloucester County Christian School was founded in 1964 and organized by a group of parents. GCCS is owned and operated by Hardingville Bible Church. The school is a member of the American Association of Christian Schools and the Garden State Association of Christian Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 348 students (plus 26 in PreK) and 20.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.1:1. The school's student body was 80.2% (279) White, 7.8% (27) two or more races, 5.2% (18) Black, 4.9% (5) Hispanic, 1.4% (5) Asian, 0.3% (1) American Indian / Alaska Native and 0.3% (1) Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander.

Sewell, New Jersey
Sewell (/ˈsuːl/ SOOL) is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community within Mantua Township, Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. There are also areas around Sewell in Washington Township.

As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 3,346. The CDP was named after United States Senator William Joyce Sewell. The community is served as U.S. Postal Service ZIP Code 08080. Sewell is home to Rowan College of South Jersey.

Sewell is also the site of the Inversand marl pit, the last operational greensand mine in the world. The location has become renowned for its paleontology and is similar to many of the sites studied by early paleontologists, particularly Edward Drinker Cope. It is also home to the Barnsboro Inn, the oldest bar in New Jersey.
Intramembrane protease
Intramembrane proteases (IMPs), also known as intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLiPs), are enzymes that have the property of cleaving transmembrane domains of integral membrane proteins. All known intramembrane proteases are themselves integral membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane domains, and they have their active sites buried within the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes. Intramembrane proteases are responsible for proteolytic cleavage in the cell signaling process known as regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP).

Intramembrane proteases are not evolutionarily related to classical soluble proteases, having evolved their catalytic sites by convergent evolution.

Although only recently discovered, intramembrane proteases are of significant research interest because of their major biological functions and their relevance to human disease.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Project MPSV12 salvage ship
Project MPSV12 salvage ships are a series of Russian ice-strengthened multipurpose salvage ships. This class of vessels are bigger than Project MPSV07 salvage ships but smaller than the Project MPSV06 salvage ships. The first four vessels of this class were named after the Russian rivers Bakhtemir, Kalas, Beysug, Piltun, and Aldan.

Salvage tug
A salvage tug, also known historically as a wrecking tug, is a specialized type of tugboat that is used to rescue ships that are in distress or in danger of sinking, or to salvage ships that have already sunk or run aground.
First Encampment Park
First Encampment Park is a public pocket park in the Liberty Wells neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah. It is near the location where the initial group of Mormon pioneers spent their first night in what was then Mexico's Salt Lake Valley, on July 22, 1847. Meant to honor this first encampment in the valley, the park was dedicated on July 22, 1997, exactly 150 years after the event. Developed by local congregations of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the park was donated to the people of Salt Lake City.

Emigration Canyon, Utah
Emigration Canyon is a city and canyon in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States, located east of Salt Lake City in the Wasatch Range. Beginning at the southern end of the University of Utah, the canyon itself heads east and northeast between Salt Lake City and Morgan County. Its boundaries do not extend to the county line, nor do they encompass all of Emigration Canyon, as parts of it are within Salt Lake City. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,466.

A portion of Emigration Canyon, located in This Is the Place Heritage Park, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961 for the canyon's significance in the Mormon migration of the 19th century.
Everyday carry
Everyday carry (EDC) or every-day carry is a collection of useful items that are consistently carried on person every day. The main reasons for having EDC are utility (usefulness), self-sufficiency, and preparedness: to help individuals improve simple everyday problem solving, from the mundane (opening packages, minor repairs) to possible emergency situations such as first aid or self-defense.

Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
Demographics of Ethiopia
The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of inhabitants in Ethiopia, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The Official Ethiopian Statistics Services put Ethiopian Population 2024 at. 109 Million around 20 Million less than UN Numbers.

Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.
Namazga-Tepe
Namazga-Tepe or Namazga-depe, is a Bronze Age (BMAC) archaeological site in Turkmenistan, at the foot of the Kopet-Dag, near the delta of the Tejen River, some 100 km east of Aşgabat, near the border to Iran. Excavated by Vadim Mikhailovich Masson, Viktor Sarianidi, and I. N. Khlopin from the 1950s, the site set the chronology for the Bronze Age sites in Turkmenistan (Namazga III-VI).

Namazga culture was preceded in the area by the Jeitun culture.

Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, often combining terminology from various systems.
Frank Agrama
Farouk "Frank" Agrama (Arabic: فرنك عجرمة; January 1, 1930 – April 25, 2023) was an Egyptian-born American film director and producer, writer and businessman. He was the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Harmony Gold USA, Inc.

Lensman (1984 film)
Lensman: Secret of the Lens, known in Japan as Sci-Fi New Century Lensman (SF新世紀 レンズマン, Esuefu Shinseiki Renzuman), is a 1984 Japanese animated film based on the Lensman novels by E. E. Smith. Most of the CGI sequences were created by the Japan Computer Graphics Lab (JCGL). It was dubbed into English and released in the United States in 1990.
Actuarial credentialing and exams
To become a qualified actuary, the actuarial credentialing and exam process usually requires passing a series of professional examinations over a period of several years.

In some countries, such as Denmark, most study takes place in a university setting. In others, such as the U.S., most study takes place during employment through a series of examinations. In the UK, and countries based on its process, there is a hybrid university-exam structure.

Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (IFoA) is the United Kingdom’s chartered professional body for actuaries. It represents and regulates more than 34,000 members worldwide and works internationally through offices in London, Oxford and Edinburgh and regional offices in Beijing, Malaysia and Singapore. The profession is overseen in the UK by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), which sets technical actuarial standards and monitors the IFoA’s regulation of actuaries. The IFoA was created in 2010 by the merger of the Institute of Actuaries (founded 1848) and the Faculty of Actuaries (founded 1856). In November 2024 the IFoA introduced the Chartered Actuary designation for Fellow and Associate members.
South Carolina Highway 219
South Carolina Highway 219 (SC 219) is a 9.030-mile-long (14.532 km) highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway is designated on an east–west direction, from SC 34 in Newberry to U.S. Route 176 (US 176).

Newberry, South Carolina
Newberry is a city in Newberry County, South Carolina, United States, in the Piedmont 43 miles (69 kilometers) northwest of Columbia. The charter was adopted in 1894. As of the 2020 census, Newberry had a population of 10,691. It is the county seat of Newberry County; at one time it was called Newberry Courthouse.

Newberry became a city in 1976, but did not report the change to the Census Bureau for more than twenty-five years.  As a result, the city was listed as a town in the 2000 census.

It is the home of Newberry College, a private liberal-arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
Belyanka (river)
The Belyanka (Russian: Белянка; Yakut: Белянка) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Lena. It has a length of 114 kilometres (71 mi) —217 kilometres (135 mi) counting the Munni at its head— and a drainage basin area of 4,560 square kilometres (1,760 sq mi).

There are no settlements in the basin of the river. The nearest village is Batamay, located to the east of its mouth in the Lena.

Batamay, Kobyaysky District, Sakha Republic
Batamay (Russian: Батамай) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of two settlements in Kirovsky Rural Okrug of Kobyaysky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Segyan-Kyuyol, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug. It is located 160 kilometers (99 mi) from Sangar, the administrative center of the district and 90 kilometers (56 mi) from Segyan-Kyuyol. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 216.
Yuan Huan
Yuan Huan (fl. 190–210s), courtesy name Yaoqing, was an official who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was a son of Yuan Pang (袁滂), who served as Situ during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han.

During the 190s, he served under the warlords Liu Bei, Yuan Shu and Lü Bu. In particular, Liu Bei, as Inspector of Yu province, recommended him as a maocai. After the fall of Lü Bu in February 199, Yuan Huan joined Cao Cao as an adviser. He was involved in a number of policy decisions, including the administration of the tuntian policy. In the 210s, Yuan Huan was given the appointment of Prefect of the Gentlemen of the Palace (郎中令).

Yuan Huan died sometime before 220, and it is said Cao Cao wept for him. He left behind four sons, all of whom were known for their scholarly accomplishments. His descendants became one of the leading aristocratic families of the Jin dynasty and Southern dynasties.

Yuan Shu
Yuan Shu (pronunciationⓘ) (155 – 199), courtesy name Gonglu, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han central government in 189. He declared himself Emperor of China in 197 under the short-lived Zhong dynasty, two years before his death in 199.
Brady Clark
Brady William Clark (born April 18, 1973) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder. Brady is a class of 1991 graduate of Sunset High School in Beaverton, Oregon, and 1996 graduate of the University of San Diego, where he played college baseball for the Toreros from 1992 to 1995.  He was named to the All-West Coast Conference Team in 1995.

University of San Diego
The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Catholic research university in San Diego, California, United States. Chartered in 1949 as the independent San Diego College for Women and San Diego University (comprising the College for Men and School of Law), the two institutions merged in 1972.

The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, Division of Professional and Continuing Education, Knauss School of Business, School of Law, School of Leadership and Education Services (SOLES), and the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering.

USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The San Diego Toreros compete in NCAA Division I (FCS) as a member of the West Coast Conference.
Velagapudi
Velagapudi is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was a village in Thullur Mandal of Guntur district before its denotification as Gram Panchayat. Velagapudi is also the home to the temporary Secretariat of Andhra Pradesh.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
New Zealand Cricket Almanack
The New Zealand Cricket Almanack (formerly The Cricket Almanack of New Zealand) is an annual publication that covers the cricket played in New Zealand and by the New Zealand national team over the previous 12 months. It has been published every year since the inaugural edition in 1948. As of 2025 it is published by Upstart Press in Auckland.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
Stephen Machin
Stephen Jonathan Machin (born 23 December 1962) is a British economist and professor of economics at the London School of Economics (LSE). Moreover, he is currently director of the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) and is a fellow of the British Academy, the Society of Labor Economists and the European Economic Association. His current research interests include labor market inequality, the economics of education, and the economics of crime.

Social mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.  It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification. Open stratification systems are those in which at least some value is given to achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Markers for social mobility such as education and class,  are used to predict, discuss and learn more about an individual or a group's mobility in society.
RC circuit
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.

RC circuits can be used to filter a signal by blocking certain frequencies and passing others. The two most common RC filters are the high-pass filters and low-pass filters; band-pass filters and band-stop filters usually require RLC filters, though crude ones can be made with RC filters.

Heaviside step function
The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H or θ (but sometimes u, 1 or 𝟙), is a step function named after Oliver Heaviside, the value of which is zero for negative arguments and one for positive arguments.  Different conventions concerning the value H(0) are in use. It is an example of the general class of step functions, all of which can be represented as linear combinations of translations of this one.

The function was originally developed in operational calculus for the solution of differential equations, where it represents a signal that switches on at a specified time and stays switched on indefinitely. Heaviside developed the operational calculus as a tool in the analysis of telegraphic communications and represented the function as 1.