hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eifel rule
The Eifel rule (German: Eifeler Regel German pronunciation: [ˈaɪfəlɐ ˈʁeːɡl̩], Luxembourgish: Eifeler [ˈɑɪ̯fəlɐ] or Äifler Reegel [ˈæːɪ̯flɐ ˈʀeːʑəl]) is a phonological phenomenon consisting in the deletion of morpheme-final [n] in certain contexts, originally documented in the dialects of the Eifel region in the far west of Germany during the late 19th century. This is a sandhi phenomenon and may or may not be reflected in spelling, depending on the language concerned.

More generally called n-deletion or n-apocope, it appears to varying extents in all dialects of the Western group of High German, including West Central German (notably Luxembourgish, Colognian and Hessian), High Franconian and Alemannic; and excludes all dialects of the Eastern group, such as Austro-Bavarian and the colonial dialects east of the Elbe-Saale line (including Standard German and Yiddish). N-apocope is a linguistic change originating in speech during the Middle High German period.

East Central German
East Central German or East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch) is the eastern Central German language and is part of High German. Present-day Standard German, as a High German variant, has actually developed from a compromise of East Central (especially Upper Saxon, which was promoted by Johann Christoph Gottsched) and East Franconian German. East Central German dialects are mainly spoken in Central Germany and parts of Brandenburg, and they were formerly also spoken in Silesia and Bohemia.
Wiley Park railway station
Wiley Park railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Bankstown railway line in the Sydney suburb of Wiley Park. It is currently closed for conversion works to enable it to be served by Metro North West & Bankstown Line services in the future.

Metro North West & Bankstown Line
The M1 Metro North West & Bankstown Line is a rapid transit rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The first and currently only line on the Sydney Metro network, it commenced operation on 26 May 2019, originally running between Tallawong and Chatswood, before the line was extended on 19 August 2024 to Sydenham. The line will be extended to Bankstown in September 2026.
New Dam
The New Dam (Turkish: Yeni Bent), a.k.a. Mahmud II Dam (Turkish: II. Mahmut Bendi), is a historic dam located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.

The New Dam was built in 1830 by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II (reigned 1808–1839).

The dam is situated next to Valide Dam north of Bahçeköy, Sarıyer inside the Bentler Nature Park, which is part of the Belgrad Forest.

The New Dam impounds a tributary of Acıelma Creek and has a catchment area of 0.83 km2 (0.32 sq mi). It is a solid gravity dam constructed in masonry having a circular form. The dam is 15.62 m (51.2 ft) high from the thalweg and 101.55 m (333.2 ft) long at crest. The crest is 6.90 m (22.6 ft) and the base is 9.40 m (30.8 ft) wide. The dam has a reservoir capacity of 217,500 m3 (7,680,000 cu ft).

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Lesser siren
The lesser siren (Siren intermedia) is a species of aquatic salamander native to the eastern United States and northern Mexico. They are referred to by numerous common names, including two-legged eel, dwarf siren, and mud eel. The specific epithet intermedia denotes their intermediate size, between the greater siren, Siren lacertina, and the dwarf sirens, Pseudobranchus species.

Dwarf siren
Dwarf sirens are eel-like salamanders of the genus Pseudobranchus. Dwarf sirens possess external gills throughout adulthood and lack hind legs, and can be distinguished from members of the genus Siren in that dwarf sirens have three toes on each foot rather than four. Whereas sirens have three gill slits, dwarf sirens keep just a single slit. Like sirens, dwarf sirens are restricted to the Southeastern United States.
The Norton Anthology of American Literature
The Norton Anthology of American Literature is a compendium of various works by authors of specifically American birth or naturalization, ranging from short poems, pamphlets, and novellas to longer entries such as entire novels and philosophical pieces.

This collection proceeded from a series of other anthologies including English Literature and Poetry. It was first published in 1979 by W. W. Norton & Company and is notable for the series' 2003 Shorter Sixth Edition.

The current general editor of the series is literary scholar Robert S. Levine of the University of Maryland, College Park.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
M-Sport World Rally Team
The M-Sport Ford World Rally Team (formerly "M-Sport World Rally Team", "Qatar M-Sport World Rally Team", and "Stobart M-Sport Ford Rally Team") is the privately run World Rally Championship team of M-Sport, the firm run by Malcolm Wilson that was previously responsible for the operation of the Ford World Rally Team.

2010 Rally Bulgaria
The 2010 Rally Bulgaria was the seventh round of the 2010 World Rally Championship season. The rally took place over July 9–11, and was based in Borovets, around 70 km (43 mi) outside the capital city, Sofia. The rally was also the third round of the Junior World Rally Championship.

Rally Bulgaria made its début in the World Rally Championship, having been approved to the calendar in September 2009. The event was won by Sébastien Loeb, who took his fourth win of the season, and the 58th of his WRC career. Loeb was part of a 1-2-3-4 by Citroën cars, as team-mate Dani Sordo finished second, Petter Solberg finished third in his privately run car and Sébastien Ogier was fourth in a car run by the Citroën Junior Team; the first such result by any manufacturer since 1993.
Blue–seven phenomenon
The blue–seven phenomenon is a social phenomenon in which a purported statistical majority of people in the US choose the color blue and number seven when asked to randomly select a color and a single digit number. The cause of the cognitive bias is not understood, though it has been posited that both colors and numbers are imbued with layers of significance.

The existence of the phenomenon has been disputed. Outside of the US, these preferences may not hold. In other countries, differences occur, particularly in Northern Ireland where a noted bias of green and eight results in a green–eight phenomenon.

Social phenomenon
Social phenomenon (singular) or social phenomena are any behaviours, actions, or events that takes place because of social influence, including from contemporary as well as historical societal influences. They are often a result of multifaceted processes that add ever increasing dimensions as they operate through individual nodes of people. Because of this, social phenomena are inherently dynamic and operate within a specific time and historical context.

Social phenomena are observable, measurable data.  Psychological notions may drive them, but those notions are not directly observable; only the phenomena that express them.
Kofi Mensah (footballer, born 1996)
Kofi Mensah (born 26 December 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Ashanti Gold on loan from Karela United. Mensah previously played for Ghanaian club Tema Youth, Cape Coast Ebusua Dwarfs and Karela United He also featured for Zambian club Power Dynamos.

Karela United FC
Karela United FC is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Aiyinase, Ellembele District, Western Region. The club competed in the 2019 Ghanaian Normalisation Cup Competition.

Karela United FC's current owner is Ghanaian politician and businessman Haruna Iddrisu, who confirmed taking over the Ghana Premier League club in late 2022, investing significantly in facilities and player development, aiming to elevate the team's profile.
Caronno Varesino
Caronno Varesino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,761 and an area of 5.6 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi).

Caronno Varesino borders the following municipalities: Albizzate, Carnago, Castiglione Olona, Castronno, Gornate-Olona, Morazzone, Solbiate Arno.

Castiglione Olona
Castiglione Olona is a town and comune in the province of Varese, in Lombardy. As of 31 December 2015, it has a population of 7,753 inhabitants.

The area of the town with the greatest tourist attractions is the historic center.

The entrance to the historic center is through two gates in the ancient medieval walls, both on the street Via Roma: the Western Gate, for the people arriving from the medieval bridge over the Olona River, and the Eastern Gate, for those arriving from the modern part of the town.
John C. Coffing House
The John C. Coffing House is a historic house on United States Route 44 in Salisbury, Connecticut.  Built in 1799 for one of the leading businessmen of the region, it is a good local example of late Colonial architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Salisbury, Connecticut
Salisbury (/ˈsɑːlzbɛri/) is a town situated in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is the northwesternmost in the state of Connecticut; the Connecticut-Massachusetts-New York tri-state marker is located at the northwestern corner of the town. The population was 4,194 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Atrial enlargement
Atrial enlargement refers to a condition where the left atrium or right atrium of the heart is larger than would be expected. It can also affect both atria.

Types include:

Left atrial enlargement

Right atrial enlargement

Right atrial enlargement
Right atrial enlargement (RAE) is a form of cardiomegaly, or heart enlargement. It can broadly be classified as either right atrial hypertrophy (RAH), overgrowth, or dilation, like an expanding balloon. Right atrial enlargement (RAE) is clinically significant due to its prevalence in diagnosing supraventricular arrhythmias.
Hollywood Futurity top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Hollywood Futurity, an American Grade 1 race for three-year-olds at 1-1/16 miles on synthetic surface held at Hollywood Park in Hollywood, California.  (List 1973–present)

Hollywood Park Racetrack
Hollywood Park was a thoroughbred race course located in Inglewood, California, about three miles (5 km) from Los Angeles International Airport and adjacent to the Forum indoor arena. In 1994, the original Hollywood Park Casino was added to the racetrack complex. Horse racing and training were shut down in December 2013 though the casino operations continued until the Hollywood Park Casino opened in October 2016.

The track was demolished in stages from 2014 until 2016 and the area is now the site of a master-planned neighborhood in development named Hollywood Park after the former track. The most prominent parts of the development are SoFi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), YouTube Theater, a 6,000-seat performance arts venue, Hollywood Park Casino, and the NFL Los Angeles building, which is home to the NFL Network, NFL RedZone, NFL.com, and the NFL app.
Scale height
In atmospheric, earth, and planetary sciences, a scale height, usually denoted by the capital letter H, is a distance (vertical or radial) over which a physical quantity decreases by a factor of e (the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.718).

Vertical position
Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction (the plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level).
Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions.
Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc.
Points lying on an equigeopotential surface are said to be on the same vertical level, as in a water level.
A function with domain along the vertical line is called a vertical distribution or vertical profile.
Family Gekijo
Family Gekijo (ファミリー劇場, Famirī Gekijō; "Family Theatre") is a Japanese cable television station which was founded during Japan's cable TV boom of late 1990s. It carries mostly domestic TV programs and has several popular anime titles on its program list. The channel is owned by a number of investors, including Tohokushinsha Film Corporation

Distributed by Sky PerfecTV and Dish Network (since April 2, 2018). Its channel number on Sky PerfecTV is currently 73.

Tohokushinsha Film
Tohokushinsha Film Corporation (株式会社東北新社, Kabushiki gaisha Tōhokushinsha) is a Japanese film distributor, production company and dubbing studio based in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo. It was founded in 1961 by Banjirō Uemura (who was also once the head of the Japanese branch of ITC Entertainment) as a dubbing house for foreign films; members of the Uemura family continue as its largest shareholders.
Reamer
A reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metalworking. Precision reamers are designed to enlarge the size of a previously formed hole by a small amount but with a high degree of accuracy to leave smooth sides. There are also non-precision reamers which are used for more basic enlargement of holes or for removing burrs. The process of enlarging the hole is called reaming. There are many different types of reamer and they may be designed for use as a hand tool or in a machine tool, such as a milling machine or drill press.

Surface roughness
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property. It has different interpretations and definitions depending on the disciplines considered.

In surface metrology, surface roughness is a component of surface finish (surface texture). It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth. Roughness is typically assumed to be the high-frequency, short-wavelength component of a measured surface. However, in practice it is often necessary to know both the amplitude and frequency to ensure that a surface is fit for a purpose.
Iris purdyi
Iris purdyi is a species of iris known by the common name Purdy's iris, named after Carl Purdy.  It is found in the redwood forests of California and into southern Oregon, and hence is also known as the redwood iris.  The plant flowers from April to June.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Louis Davis (architect)
Louis E. Davis (1884–1963) was an American architect who designed homes and public buildings in Honolulu, Hawaii. During the 1920s, he was involved in laying out the new King Street campus of President William McKinley High School and designing its buildings in a Spanish Colonial Revival style. He employed a similar style (Mission Revival) in designing the 1931 Honolulu Police Station on Merchant Street, which harmonized well with that of the new city hall, Honolulu Hale. Both the old McKinley campus quadrangle and the Merchant Street Historic District are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Honolulu Hale
Honolulu Hale (originally called the Honolulu Municipal Building), located on 530 South King Street in downtown Honolulu in the City & County of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, is the official seat of government of the city and county, site of the chambers of the Mayor of Honolulu and the Honolulu City Council.

In the Hawaiian language, hale (pronounced HAH-leh) means house or building. Honolulu Hale means Honolulu House (although the Hawaiian language word order would be Hale Honolulu). In 1978, it was listed as a contributing property to the Hawaii Capital Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Meroe Park
Meroë Park (born December 1, 1966) is an American former intelligence official who served as Executive Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 2013 to 2017. Prior to Mike Pompeo's confirmation, she briefly served as Acting Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in 2017. On January 27, 2020, she became Deputy Secretary and Chief Operating Officer of the Smithsonian Institution.

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3036) that functions as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which in turn is a part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The director reports to the director of national intelligence (DNI) and is assisted by the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA). The director is a civilian or a general or flag officer of the United States Armed Forces nominated by the president of the United States, with the recommendation from the DNI, and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the United States Senate.
1990 Shreveport mayoral election
The 1990 Shreveport mayoral election resulted in the election of Republican councilwoman Hazel Beard in the race to succeed the term limited incumbent, John Brennan Hussey. The primary election was held on October 6, 1990. Beard and C. O. Simpkins, a dentist and civil rights activist, advanced to the general election held on November 6, 1994. Beard became the first woman, and the first Republican since Reconstruction, to serve as mayor of Shreveport.

Politics of Shreveport
Founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1871, Shreveport is the third largest city in Louisiana. The city is the parish seat of Caddo Parish. A portion of east Shreveport extends in to Bossier Parish because of the changing course of the Red River.

The city of Shreveport has a mayor-council government. The City's elected officials are: the mayor, and members of the city council.

Under the mayor-council government, the mayor serves as the executive officer of the city. As the city's chief administrator and official representative, the mayor is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.

Current mayor: Tom Arceneaux (R)

District A: Tabatha Taylor (D)
District B: Gary Brooks (D)
District C: Jim Taliaferro (R)
District D: Grayson Boucher (R)
District E: Alan Jackson Jr. (D)
District F: James Green (D)
District G: Ursula Bowman (D)
Bormioli Rocco
Bormioli Rocco (Italian pronunciation: [borˈmjɔːli ˈrɔkko]) (operating as Bormioli Luigi SpA) is an Italian manufacturer of household goods such as tableware, glassware, plastic containers for home use and pharmaceutical use. The company was founded in 1825 in Fidenza (Province of Parma, Italy).

Bormioli Rocco operates nine plants, two decorative ateliers, nine stores and one flagship store, with a presence in over 100 countries and with over 2,500 employees.

Altare
Altare (Ligurian: Artâ, Piedmontese: Latè, L’Atæ in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 45 km (28 mi) west of Genoa and about 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of Savona. As of 1 January 2009, it had a population of 2,160 and an area of 11.7 km2 (4.5 sq mi).

Altare borders the following municipalities: Cairo Montenotte, Carcare, Mallare, Quiliano, and Savona.
Argus (automobile)
The Argus was a German automobile manufactured by Internationale Automobilzentrale KG Jeannin & Co from 1902 to 1904, Argus Motoren-Gesellschaft Jeannin & Co from 1904 to 1906, and then Argus Motoren-Gesellschaft m.b.H. from November 1906 to 1945.

The company was founded by Henri Jeannin in Berlin, and originally built copies of Panhard & Levassor cars; they also featured P&L engines, and most of the other components of the vehicles came from France. In 1903 the company began producing engines of its own design; Argus cars now had 2,380 cc two-cylinder engines, and 4,960 cc and 9,240 cc four-cylinder engines.

The company went on to produce marine and aero engines. In 1929 they briefly returned to car engines making some for Horch.

Horch
Horch (German pronunciation: [hɔʁç] ⓘ) was a German car manufacturer, which traced its roots to several companies founded in the late 19th and early 20th century by August Horch.

It is one of the predecessors of the present day Audi company, which itself resulted from the merger of Auto Union Aktiengesellschaft (AG) and NSU Motorenwerke in 1969. Auto Union AG in turn was formed in 1932, following the merger of Horch, DKW, Wanderer and the original Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau, established by August Horch in 1910.

In 2021, Audi reused the Horch name as a flagship trim level for the Audi A8 in China to compete with the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class.
2024 Open Aix Provence
The 2024 Open Aix Provence (also known as the Open Aix Provence Crédit Agricole for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament, and part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Aix-en-Provence, France between 30 April and 5 May 2024.

Open du Pays d'Aix
The Open Aix Provence Crédit Agricole is a tennis tournament held in Aix-en-Provence, France since 2014. The event is played on outdoor clay courts and is part of the ATP Challenger Tour 175 since 2023.

Diego Schwartzman and Robin Haase were the only two tennis players to win both singles and doubles titles in the same year.