hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Threshold potential
In electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, but can vary based upon several factors. A neuron's resting membrane potential (–70 mV) can be altered to either increase or decrease likelihood of reaching threshold via sodium and potassium ions. An influx of sodium into the cell through open, voltage-gated sodium channels can depolarize the membrane past threshold and thus excite it while an efflux of potassium or influx of chloride can hyperpolarize the cell and thus inhibit threshold from being reached.

Voltage-gated sodium channel
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na+. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.
Jai Singh I
Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (15 July 1611 – 28 August 1667) was the Kachhwaha Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Amber as well as a senior most general and a high-ranking mansabdar at the imperial court of Mughal Empire. His predecessor was his grand uncle, Mirza Raja Bhau Singh, the younger son of Mirza Raja Man Singh I.

Jaswant Singh of Marwar
Raja Jaswant Singh I (26 December 1626 – c. 28 December 1678) was the Rathore ruler of the Kingdom of Marwar in the western part of Rajputana (modern-day Rajasthan, India). He was a distinguished man of letters and author of noted literary works like Siddhant-Bodh, Anand Vilas and Bhasha-Bhushan.
Grljevići
Grljevići is a village in the center of three municipalities: Ljubuški, Grude, and Široki Brijeg. The village consists of five smaller villages: Kordići, Čolaci, Zadre, Seve and Bunar and borders Borajna, Lipno, Rasno, and Vitina.

Ljubuški
Ljubuški is a city in the West Herzegovina Canton, a federal unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Kravica cascades lie within the city, near the settlement of Studenci. The city is known for its many dogs.
Armada Portrait
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is the name of any of three surviving versions of an allegorical panel painting depicting the Tudor queen surrounded by symbols of royal majesty against a backdrop representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Artists of the Tudor court
The artists of the Tudor court are the painters and limners engaged by the monarchs of England's Tudor dynasty and their courtiers between 1485 and 1603, from the reign of Henry VII to the death of Elizabeth I.

Typically managing a group of assistants and apprentices in a workshop or studio, many of these artists produced works across several disciplines, including portrait miniatures, large-scale panel portraits on wood, illuminated manuscripts, heraldric emblems, and elaborate  decorative schemes for masques, tournaments, and other events.

Although there were English artists throughout the period, many artists were foreigners, especially from the Low Countries, but also from Italy and Germany. Some only stayed for short periods, but many for several years or the rest of their lives.
Amateur press association
An amateur press association (APA) is a group of people who produce individual pages or zines that are sent to a Central Mailer for collation and distribution to all members of the group. They began in the late 19th century.

Wendy and Richard Pini
Wendy Pini (née Fletcher; born June 4, 1951) and Richard Pini (born July 19, 1950) are the husband-and-wife team responsible for creating the well-known Elfquest series of comics, graphic novels and prose works.  They are also known as WaRP (as in Warp Graphics).
Vohilava, Nosy Varika
Vohilava is a rural municipality Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Nosy Varika, which is a part of Vatovavy.

It is situated at the RN 24 near Nosy Varika, at 60 km from Mananjary. It is situated on the Isaka River.

The population of this municipality was estimated to be 11526 in 2018.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are coffee and cassava. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

Also gold is mined in the Isaka River.

Mananjary
Mananjary is a city on the East coast of Madagascar with a population of 25,222 inhabitants in 2018.
It is the chief town of the Mananjary district and the Vatovavy region.

It contains a town of the same name, situated on the southern part of the east coast, where the Mananjary River flows into the Indian Ocean. There's a small port and an airport.

Mananjary is situated 130 km south of Nosy Varika on the RN 11 and 167 km north of Manakara by the National road 12 and National road 25.
The Canal des Pangalanes divides the town into two sections.

In 2022 Cyclone Batsirai made landfall at Mananjary, leaving the city 90% destroyed.
Vega Alta, Puerto Rico
Vega Alta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbeɣa‿ˈalta]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico. Vega Alta is on the northern coast of the island, north of Morovis and Corozal; east of Vega Baja; and west of Dorado with an area of 28 square miles (73 km2). Vega Alta is subdivided into seven barrios and Vega Alta barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Vega Alta is west of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico. Vega Alta is known for the beach at Cerro Gordo. Other points of interest include the town's Catholic church, known as Inmaculada Concepción, which was founded in 1813, and the Vega Alta Forest.

During the first week of December, Vega Alta celebrates its patron saint, the Immaculate Conception.

”Vega Alta” translates to “high meadow” or "upper meadow" in English.

Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Arecibo (/ˌærəˈsiːboʊ/; Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈsiβo]) is a city and municipality on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, located north of Utuado and Ciales; east of Hatillo; and west of Barceloneta and Florida. It is about 50 miles (80 km) west of San Juan, the capital city. Arecibo is the largest municipality in Puerto Rico by area, and it is the core city of the Arecibo Metropolitan Statistical Area and part of the greater San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area. It is spread over 18 barrios and Arecibo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). Its population in 2020 was 87,754.

The Arecibo Observatory, which housed the Arecibo Telescope, the world's largest radio telescope until July 2016, is located in the municipality. The Arecibo telescope collapsed on December 1, 2020. Arecibo is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo.
Mokolo
Mokolo is the departmental capital and largest city of the Mayo-Tsanaga department, in the Far North Province of Cameroon. It is the fourth largest city in the Far North Province, after Maroua, Yagoua, and Kousséri.  It is located in the Mandara Mountains that run along the Cameroonian-Nigerian border.

Kousséri
Kousséri (from Arabic: قصور quṣūr meaning "palaces"), founded and known as Mser in the indigenous Mser language, is a city in Far North Province, Cameroon.  It is the capital of the Logone-et-Chari department. It is a market town, and its population has recently been swollen by refugees from Chad. It had a population of 89,123 at the 2005 Census. The majority of the population are Shuwa Arabs with Chadian Arabic used as the lingua franca.

It forms a transborder agglomeration with the city of N'Djamena, capital of Chad, from which it is separated by the Logone River and the Chari River.
Index of politics articles
Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions on behalf of governing a specific society. The term usually refers to actions pertaining to  civil governments, but the word has also been applied to other areas of human group interactions, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. Politics consists of social relations involving authority or power.  Topics related to this area include political philosophy, which seeks a rationale for politics and answers regarding the best form of society, and public administration, which examines the practices of governance.

Election commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a central or state election commission, or an election board, an electoral council  or an electoral court. Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner.
Metallomesogen
Metallomesogens are metal complexes that exhibit liquid crystalline behavior.  Thus, they adopt ordered structures in the molten phase, e.g. smectic and nematic phases.  The dominant interactions responsible for their phase behavior are the nonbonding contacts between organic substituents.  Two early classes of such materials are based on substituted ferrocenes and dithiolene complexes; more recent work shows that alkoxystilbazoles have similar utility.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Tiruchengode Assembly constituency
Tiruchengode or 'Tiruchengodu' is a state assembly constituency in Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 96. It consists of a portion of Tiruchengodu taluk. It falls under Namakkal Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Namakkal district
Namakkal district is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was bifurcated from Salem District with Namakkal city as headquarters on 25 July 1996 and started to function independently from 1 January 1997. The district has eight taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Paramathi Velur, Senthamangalam, Kumarapalayam, Kolli Hills and Mohanur. It has two revenue divisions: Tiruchengode and Namakkal. As of 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males and Tiruchengode is the largest city in terms of population. Namakkal district is geographically affiliated to Kongu Nadu region. The district is famous for its large poultry industry, egg production and lorry bodybuilding industry, for which it is often referred to as "Egg City" and "Transport Hub of South India".
Moody Center
Moody Center is a multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin (UT) in Austin, Texas. The arena, which replaced the Frank Erwin Center, stands on a former parking lot located immediately south of UT's soccer/track and field venue, Mike A. Myers Stadium. The arena seating capacity totals over 15,000 seats.

Mike A. Myers Stadium
Mike A. Myers Stadium and Soccer Field is a stadium owned and operated by the University of Texas at Austin. It is home of Texas Longhorn track and field and soccer teams and also home to the USATF Elite Running Circuit Austin Track Club. The 20,000-seat stadium hosts the historic Texas Relays annually in April, as well as the University Interscholastic League track and field state championship in May.
Sphiximorpha durani
Sphiximorpha durani, commonly referred to as Duran's wasp fly, is a hoverfly in the family Syrphidae found in the western U.S. states of California and Oregon. These flies are notable for their resemblance to wasps, using a distinctive frontal prominence (head extension) to mimic wasp antennae, aiding their mimicry within the tribe Cerioidini.

Cerioidini
Cerioidini is a widespread tribe of around 222 species of hoverfly.
Cerioidini are mistaken for wasps for which they are effective mimic.
Cerioidini have antennae with a terminal style  and have somewhat elongate and basally constricted abdomens, only slightly in Ceriana, but pronounced in most Sphiximorpha; and Polybiomyia, and extremely  in Monoceromyia.
Larvae live mostly within tree sap associated with tree wounds or putrefying pockets of water in tree cavities.
William Herschel Bobo
William Herschel Bobo (January 16, 1896 – February 18, 1975) was an American minor league baseball player and manager, college football, college basketball, and college baseball coach, and athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Mississippi State Teachers College—now known as the University of Southern Mississippi—from 1924 to 1927, compiling a record of 9–17–4. Bobo was also the head basketball coach at Mississippi State Teachers from 1924 to 1928, tallying a mark of 31–17–1, and the school's head baseball from 1925 to 1928, amassing a record of 19–10–1.

On March 4, 1934, Bobo was hired as the head baseball coach at Auburn University, succeeding Sam J. McAllister. He resigned several weeks later, on April 14, to work for a wholesale grocery firm in Jackson, Mississippi. He was replaced by Dell Morgan as Auburn's coach.

Bobo was a native of Clarksdale, Mississippi. He died on February 18, 1975, at St. Dominic Hospital in Jackson, Mississippi.

Dell Morgan
John O'Dell Morgan (February 14, 1900 – March 3, 1962) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball and baseball.  He served as the head football coach at Texas Tech University from 1941 to 1950, compiling a record of 55–49–3. Morgan was also the head basketball coach at Texas Tech from 1931 to 1934, tallying a mark of 42–29.  In addition, he was the head baseball coach at Auburn University from 1934 to 1939 and at Rice University from 1953 to 1961, amassing a career college baseball coaching record of 146–143–2.
Cheshmeh-ye Alucheh
Cheshmeh-ye Alucheh (Persian: چشمه الوچه, also Romanized as Cheshmeh-ye Alūcheh) is a village in Kanduleh Rural District, Dinavar District, Sahneh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 252, in 66 families.

Dinavar District
Dinavar District (Persian: بخش دینور) is in Sahneh County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Miyan Rahan. The district's name reflects the ancient city of Dinavar, the ruins of which are in the district.
Louis Vuitton Trophy, Nice, Côte d'Azur
The Louis Vuitton Trophy Nice Côte d’Azur was the first in a series of regattas that compete for the Louis Vuitton Trophy. The regatta was held in Nice between 7 and 22 November 2009. The Louis Vuitton Trophy format uses existing International America's Cup Class yachts loaned to the regatta by various America's Cup racing syndicates, keeping costs relatively low for the competing teams.

The Louis Vuitton Trophy was organised after the success of the Louis Vuitton Pacific Series and the continued legal battle surrounding the America's Cup yachting competition at the time.  Because of the long delays from the legal action, and the fact that the 2010 America's Cup became a Deed of Gift match without a defender or challenger selection series, the Louis Vuitton Trophy series was established as a competition for other America's Cup racing syndicates.

The Nice event was hosted by ALL4ONE Challenge and Club Nautique de Nice.

International America's Cup Class
The International Americas Cup Class is a class of racing yacht that was developed for the America's Cup between 1992 and 2007.  These yachts, while not identical, were all designed to the same formula to offer designers the freedom to experiment whilst keeping the boats sufficiently comparable to race in real time.  The class was established for the 1992 America's Cup because of perceived shortcomings of the 12-metre class, which had been used in the America's Cup since 1958.

In addition to the America's Cup, IACC yachts raced in other regattas, including the IACC worlds.
Simple space
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, a simple space is a connected topological space that has a homotopy type of a CW complex and whose fundamental group is abelian and acts trivially on the homotopy and homology of the universal covering space, though not all authors include the assumption on the homotopy type.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
2015 China Masters Grand Prix Gold
The 2015 China Masters Grand Prix Gold was the fifth grand prix and grand prix gold tournament of the 2015 BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. The tournament was held at the Olympic Sports Center Xincheng Gymnasium in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China on April 14–19, 2015 and had a total purse of $250,000.

China Masters
The China Masters (Chinese: 中国羽毛球大师赛, formerly known as Fuzhou China Open), is an annual badminton tournament held in China. It became part of the BWF Super Series tournaments in 2007. Following the restructurisation to BWF World Tour, since 2018 it became one of only six tournaments to be granted Super 750 level and was renamed as Fuzhou China Open. From 2023 onwards, the tournament is held in Shenzhen, and its name is changed back to its former name, China Masters.
Persian War Novices' Hurdle
The Unibet Persian War Novices' Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Chepstow over a distance of about 2 miles and 3½ furlongs (2 miles 3 furlong and 100 yards, or 3,914 metres), and during its running there are ten hurdles to be jumped. The race is for novice hurdlers, and it is scheduled to take place each year in October. It is currently sponsored by DragonBet and the 2025 renewal is worth £75,000 in prize money.

Replacing the Crick Hurdle, the first running took place in 1977. The event is named after Persian War, a three-time winner of the Champion Hurdle who was trained near Chepstow. It was formerly held in February, and for a period it was contested over 2 miles and 4½ furlongs. It was switched to November in the 2000–01 season, and at the same time its distance was cut by 110 yards. The race was moved to late October in 2004 and to an earlier date in October in 2015.

Chepstow Racecourse
Chepstow Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing course located just north of the town of Chepstow in Monmouthshire, Wales, near the southern end of the Wye Valley and close to the border with England. It is one of 16 racecourses operated by the Arena Racing Company and is home of the richest race in Wales, the Coral Welsh Grand National.
2002 New England 300
The 2002 New England 300 was the 19th stock car race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 10th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, July 21, 2002, in Loudon, New Hampshire, at New Hampshire International Speedway, a 1.058-mile (1.703 km) permanent, oval-shaped, low-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 300 laps to complete. At race's end, Ward Burton, driving for Bill Davis Racing, took advantage of a disaster-stricken Matt Kenseth to win his fifth and final career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his second and final win of the season. To fill out the podium, Jeff Green of Richard Childress Racing and Dale Earnhardt Jr. of Dale Earnhardt, Inc. would finish second and third, respectively.

The race was marred by poor track conditions, as the sealer of the racetrack came apart due to a repave the speedway had which affected the corners of the track.

NASCAR Cup Series at New Hampshire Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire since 1993.

A second race in September was also formerly held at the track from 1997 to 2017 until it was moved to Las Vegas Motor Speedway starting in 2018.
1977 NCAA Division II football season
The 1977 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began in August 1977 and concluded with the championship game on December 10 at Memorial Stadium in Wichita Falls, Texas. The Lehigh Engineers defeated the Jacksonville State Gamecocks 33–0 in the Pioneer Bowl to win their first Division II national title.

This was the last season prior to the creation of Division I-AA, now named Division I-Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), which debuted in 1978.

Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-ih-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 102,316, making it the 43rd-most populous city in Texas. Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, enrolling more than 5,500 students.
Osterman and Tremaine Building
The Osterman and Tremaine Building is a historic building in Fremont, Nebraska. It was built as a two-story commercial structure in 1884 for Osterman and Tremaine, a wholesale firm of produce co-founded by Charles Osterman, a German immigrant, and George S. Tremaine. It was designed by architect Charles F. Driscoll, with a metal cornice. It was acquired by Ideal Steam Laundry, Johnson & Co. in 1894, and it closed down in 1963. By the mid-1970s, it housed law offices. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 23, 1978.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Dodge County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Dodge County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Dodge County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 23 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted November 21, 2025.