hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip Bell (colonial administrator)
Philip Bell (19 June 1590 – 3 March 1678) was Governor of Bermuda from 1626 to 1629, of the Providence Island colony from 1629 to 1636, and of Barbados from 1640 to 1650 during the English Civil War.
During his terms of office in Providence and Barbados, the colonies moved from using indentured English workers to slaves imported from West Africa.
The Providence Island colony, despite its puritan ideals, became a haven for privateers attacking ships in the Spanish Main.

Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick
Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick (May/June 1587 – 19 April 1658) was an English naval officer, politician, and peer who commanded the Parliamentarian navy during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A Puritan, he was also lord of the Manor of Hunningham.
Alkali hydroxide
The alkali hydroxides are a class of chemical compounds which are composed of an alkali metal cation and the hydroxide anion (OH−). The alkali hydroxides are:

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH)

Caesium hydroxide (CsOH)

Francium hydroxide (FrOH)

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Jangheung Ma clan
Jangheung Ma clan (Korean: 장흥 마씨; Hanja: 長興 馬氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Jangheung County, South Jeolla Province. Jangheung Ma clan was divided from Mokcheon Ma clan and  both were sorted as the same kind of clans. According to the research held in 2000, the number of the Jangheung Ma clan was 28337. Ma clan began when Ma Wan (Hanja: 馬浣) became the member of Gojoseon with Gija. Their founder was Ma Ryeo who was one of the leading members of Baekje’s foundation. Ma Ryeo was a descendant of Ma Wan (Hanja: 馬浣).

Mokcheon Ma clan
Mokcheon Ma clan (Korean: 목천 마씨; Hanja: 木川 馬氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province. They were sorted the same kind of clans as Jangheung Ma clan. According to the research held in 2000, the number of the Mokcheon Ma clan was 2982. Ma clan began when (Hanja: 馬浣) became the member of Gojoseon with Gija. Their founder was Ma Ryeo who was one of the leading members of Baekje’s foundation.
2005 Eastern League season
The 2005 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.

The Akron Aeros defeated the Portland Sea Dogs 3 games to 1 to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

Akron RubberDucks
The Akron RubberDucks are a Minor League Baseball team based in Akron, Ohio. The team plays in the Eastern League and is the Double-A affiliate of the Cleveland Guardians. They play in 7 17 Credit Union Park, located in downtown Akron, which seats 7,630 fans. The nickname "RubberDucks" refers to Akron's history in the rubber industry, in particular as the birthplace of tire and rubber companies such as Goodyear, Firestone, B.F. Goodrich, and General Tire.
2025 Balkan Athletics Championships
The 2025 Balkan Athletics Championships was the 80th edition of the annual track and field competition for athletes from the Balkans, organised by Balkan Athletics. It was held at the Panthessaliko Stadium on 26 and 27 July in Volos, Greece.

Panthessaliko Stadium
The Panthessaliko Stadium is a stadium located in Volos, Greece. The stadium was the site of football (soccer) matches during the 2004 Summer Olympics. It was officially opened on July 30, 2004 and has a capacity of 22,189 seats, though only 21,100 seats were made publicly available for the Olympic matches. The Panthessaliko Stadium is the home stadium of Volos which plays in the Super League Greece. It also hosted the 2017 Greek Football Cup Final, where PAOK defeated AEK 2–1. It hosted the 2020 Greek Football Cup Final between AEK and Olympiacos. In 2022, it hosted a pair of matches of the Greece national football team both won by Greece.
Nikola Rosić
Nikola Rosić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Росић, born 5 August 1984) is a Serbian volleyball player, a member of Serbia men's national volleyball team and Romanian club Tomis Constanța, a participant at the Olympic Games London 2012, winner of the European Championship 2011, bronze medalist of the World Championship 2010, and medalist in the World League.

2015 FIVB Volleyball World League
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World League was the 26th edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament, played from 16 May to 19 July 2015. The tournament featured a record 32 participating countries from 5 confederations. The teams were divided into 3 groups and 8 pools. The Group 1 Final Round, which served as the volleyball test event of the 2016 Summer Olympics, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hand cannon
The hand cannon (simplified Chinese: 火铳; traditional Chinese: 火銃; pinyin: huǒchòng or 手铳; 手銃; shǒuchòng), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. It is the oldest type of small arms, as well as the most mechanically simple form of metal barrel firearms. Unlike matchlock firearms it requires direct manual external ignition through a touch hole without any form of firing mechanism. It may also be considered a forerunner of the handgun. The hand cannon was widely used in China from the 13th century onward and later throughout Eurasia in the 14th century. In 15th century Europe, the hand cannon evolved to become the matchlock arquebus, which became the first firearm to have a trigger.

Mongol invasions of Japan
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the origin of the word kamikaze (神風  "divine wind"), first used to describe the typhoons that destroyed the Mongol invasion fleets in the 13th century. The term was later adopted in the 20th century to describe Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their aircraft into enemy warships during the last years of World War II.

The invasions were one of the earliest cases of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs.
Sounds of Violence
Sounds of Violence is the fifth studio album by English thrash metal band Onslaught, released on 28 January 2011 through AFM Records in Europe and 8 February in North America. This was Onslaught's first album not to feature a new singer, as Sy Keeler remained with the band after their previous album Killing Peace. In addition to standard CD formats, Sounds of Violence was also released on limited black vinyl (only 666 copies) in a gatefold sleeve and a Limited Digipack. For the Japanese release the album also featured a re-recording of "Angels of Death" and "Thermonuclear Devastation" taken from their debut album Power from Hell. Sounds of Violence outsold the previous album Killing Peace in less than one year. In February 2012, the band has been listed by the webzine Metal Storm as the sixth best Thrash Metal Album of 2011.

Power from Hell (Onslaught album)
Power from Hell is the debut studio album by English thrash metal band Onslaught, released in February 1985. Apparently confusion has arisen as to who coined the term Death Metal, as it was Onslaught who wrote their song 'Death Metal' in early 1984 and recorded the album version later in the same year, and Possessed who recorded their song entitled "Death Metal" on their 1984 demo tape of the same name. Power from Hell was reissued in 1996 by Powerage Records, again in 2005 by Blackend Records and received a full remaster by Jacob Hansen for the 2012 release on AFM Records; the 2012 release rectifies the track listing problem encountered on previous releases and has revamped artwork with liner notes by Steve Grice.
Valučiai
Valučiai (formerly Russian: Валуце) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 108 people. It is located 3 km from Dotnuva, by the Jaugila river and its tributary Girotakis.

Dotnuva
Dotnuva is a small town with a 2003 population of 775 in central Lithuania, 10 km northwest of Kėdainiai, in the Kėdainiai district municipality. It is located on the Dotnuvėlė River. The geographical center of Lithuania, in the village of Ruoščiai, is only a few kilometres away. There is a Catholic church, a former Bernardine monastery, a former sawmill and a watermill in Dotnuva. The Dotnuva manor is in the nearby town of Akademija.

Dotnuva is an important centre of agriculture.
Brazil–South Korea relations
Brazil–South Korea relations are the diplomatic relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Korea. Both nations are members of the G20 and the United Nations.

Brazil and South Korea have maintained multilateral relationships, including various cultural, diplomatic, and economic aspects. Brazil, South Korea's largest investment destination in Latin America, has more than 50,000 Koreans and 120 Korean companies.

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources
The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources (MOTIR; Korean: 산업통상부) is a ministry under the Government of South Korea.  It is concerned with regulating economic policy, especially with regard to the industrial and resources sectors.  The ministry also works to encourage foreign investment in Korea.

The current minister is Kim Jeong-kwan.
Ophiocordyceps formicarum
Ophiocordyceps formicarum is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. The fungus was first described by mycologist George S. Kobayashi in 1939 as a species of Cordyceps. Originally found in Japan growing on an adult Hercules ant (Camponotus herculeanus var. obscuripes), it was reported from Guizhou, China, in 2003. It was transferred to the new genus Ophiocordyceps in 2007 when the family Cordycipitaceae was reorganized. A technique has been developed to grow the fungus in an agar growth medium supplemented with yeast extract, inosine, and glucose.

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Minoru Inuzuka
Minoru Inuzuka (犬塚 稔, Inuzuka Minoru; 15 February 1901 – 17 September 2007) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter. Starting out as a screenwriter at Shochiku in 1924, he also participated in the production of Teinosuke Kinugasa's A Page of Madness. When Chōjirō Hayashi (later known as Kazuo Hasegawa) became a jidaigeki star at Shochiku, Inuzuka directed many of his films. After World War II, Inuzuka returned to specializing in screenplays and was known for his scripts for the Zatoichi series. He published his autobiography in 2002, and died in 2007 at the age of 106. When he died, he was called the last surviving director to have directed a silent film in the 1920s. Inuzuka wrote scripts for over 150 films and directed over 50.

Teinosuke Kinugasa
Teinosuke Kinugasa (衣笠 貞之助, Kinugasa Teinosuke; 1 January 1896 – 26 February 1982) was a Japanese filmmaker and actor. His best-known films include the silent avant-garde films A Page of Madness and Crossroads and the Academy Award-winning historical drama Gate of Hell.
Albert Bijaoui
Albert Bijaoui (born in Monastir in 1943) is a French astronomer, former student of the Ecole Polytechnique (X 1962), renowned in image processing in astrophysics and its application in cosmology, he then prepared his PhD thesis at the Paris Observatory, under the supervision of André Lallemand. He defended his thesis at the Université Denis Diderot (Paris VII) in March 1971.

He has been a corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences since 1997.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Queen Charlotte (1801 ship)
Queen Charlotte was built in Emsworth in 1801. She was a regular packet ship for the Post Office Packet Service, sailing out of Falmouth. She made several voyages across the Atlantic between late 1802 and 16 May 1805 when she was captured. She came back into British hands around 1806. The Post Office took her into temporary service between 1812 and 1817. In 1815, she was involved in a friendly fire incident. She then became a whaler off Peru in 1818. She remained in the Pacific Coast of South America until she was condemned there in 1820 as unseaworthy; she was last listed that same year. She may have been repaired and have continued to trade on the coast until 1822.

Post Office Packet Service
The Post Office Packet Service dates to Tudor times and ran until 1823, when the Admiralty assumed control of the service. Originally, the Post Office used packet ships to carry mail packets to and from British embassies, colonies and outposts. The vessels generally also carried bullion, private goods and passengers. The ships were usually lightly armed and relied on speed for their security. However, Britain was at war almost continuously during the 18th and early 19th centuries with the result that packet ships did get involved in naval engagements with enemy warships and privateers, and were occasionally captured.
History of New York City (1978–present)
New York City has seen a cycle of modest boom and a bust in the 1980s, a major boom in the 1990s, and mixed prospects since then. 
This period has seen severe racial tension, a dramatic spike and fall of crime rates, and a major influx of immigrants growing the city's population past the eight million mark. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 had a lasting impact on the city that continues to reverberate to the present.

David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (July 10, 1927 – November 23, 2020) was an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines, the first African-American U.S. Marines, from 1945 to 1946. He graduated cum laude from Howard University and received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1956. A longtime member of Harlem's Carver Democratic Club, Dinkins began his electoral career by serving in the New York State Assembly in 1966, eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president. He won the 1989 New York City mayoral election, becoming the first African American to hold the office. After losing re-election in 1993, Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University while remaining active in municipal politics.
Salvatore "The Engineer" Greco
Salvatore Greco (Italian: [salvaˈtoːre ˈɡrɛːko]; born 12 May 1924), also known as "l'ingegnere" ("The Engineer") or "Totò il lungo" ("Totò the tall"), was an Italian criminal and member of the Sicilian Mafia.

Ciaculli
Ciaculli is an outlying village (or frazione) of Palermo, Sicily, Italy. It is located in the south-eastern area of Palermo Metropolitan City. It counts fewer than 9,500 residents. Ciaculli is close to the suburb of Croceverde.

It is one of the last countryside area still dedicated to agricultural activities in the municipality (or comune). The suburb is separated from the city centre by the A19 motorway, which form its northern border. The southern border is delimited by the slopes of Mount Griffith (Italian: Monte Grifone).
Ashley Cariño
Ashley Ann Cariño Barreto (born August 3, 1994) is a Puerto Rican model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2022. Cariño was the second Afro-Puerto Rican to win the title. She represented Puerto Rico at Miss Universe 2022, placing at the Top 5. Previously, Cariño was crowned Miss Florida USA 2021 and placed as the second runner-up at Miss USA 2021.

Kissimmee, Florida
Kissimmee (/kɪˈsɪmi/ ⓘ kih-SIM-ee) is the largest city and county seat of Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,226. It is a principal city of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Census Bureau defines an urban area with Kissimmee as the principal city, which is separated from the Orlando urban area. The Kissimmee–St. Cloud, Florida urban area had a 2020 population of 418,404, making it the 100th largest in the United States.
RÚV (TV channel)
RÚV is the main television channel of RÚV, the Icelandic public broadcaster, launched in 1966. The free-to-air channel broadcasts primarily news, sports, entertainment, cultural programs, children's material, original Icelandic programming as well as American, British and Nordic content. Among its highest-rated programs are the comedy sketch show Spaugstofan, mystery drama Ófærð (Trapped) and Fréttir (News).

It is the Icelandic Olympic Broadcaster and has also usually holds rights to the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro competitions. It is a member of the European Broadcasting Union and is responsible for selecting Iceland's entries to the Eurovision Song Contest.

Rás 2
Rás 2 (Channel 2) is an Icelandic radio station belonging to the National Icelandic Broadcasting Service, RÚV. Launched on 1 December 1983, it is currently the highest-rated radio station in Iceland, with a schedule composed chiefly of news, current affairs, and pop and rock music.
Colorado State Highway 9
State Highway 9 (SH 9) in the U.S. state of Colorado is a 138-mile-long (222 km) state highway through central Colorado. SH 9's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cañon City, and the northern terminus is at US 40 in Kremmling. SH 9 is part of the Gold Belt Byway from US 50 to High Park Road and the Colorado River Headwaters National Scenic Byway from US 40 to Trough Road.

U.S. Route 40 in Colorado
U.S. Route 40 (US 40) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Silver Summit, Utah, to Byers, Colorado. In the U.S. state of Colorado, US 40 is a major east–west route. It crosses the Rocky Mountains, passing over the Continental Divide at Berthoud Pass before descending to the Front Range. It then traverses through the Denver Metro Area, then exits by following Interstate 70 (I-70) and US 287. It is concurrent with US 287 for about 145 miles to Kit Carson. US 40 exits into Kansas east of Arapahoe in Cheyenne. At a length of almost 500 miles, US 40 is the longest numbered route in the state.
Royal Lochnagar distillery
Royal Lochnagar distillery is a single malt Scotch whisky distillery based on the Abergeldie Estate, near Balmoral Castle in Royal Deeside. It is close to the mountain Lochnagar. The distillery is in the Highland whisky-producing area of Scotland. The distillery holds a Royal Warrant.

Single malt Scotch
Single malt Scotch refers to single malt whisky made in Scotland. To qualify for this category, a whisky must have been distilled at a single distillery using a pot still distillation process and made from a mash of malted barley. Therefore, a single malt means that the whisky has not been blended elsewhere with whisky from other distilleries. As with any Scotch whisky, a single malt Scotch must be distilled in Scotland and matured in oak casks in Scotland for at least three years, although most single malts are matured longer.
Ytu brutus
Ytu brutus is a species of myxophagan beetle in the genus Ytu. It was described by Paul J. Spangler in  1980 and is endemic to Mato Grosso, Brazil. The specific name refers to a line from Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare ("et tu, Brute?").

Myxophaga
Myxophaga is the second-smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.
Gmina Bukowsko
Gmina Bukowsko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bukowsko, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Sanok and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 138.2 square kilometres (53.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,210.

Sanok County
Sanok County (Polish: powiat sanocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sanok, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów. The only other town in the county is Zagórz, lying 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Sanok.

The county covers an area of 1,225.12 square kilometres (473.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 94,473, out of which the population of Sanok is 37,381, that of Zagórz is 5,095, and the rural population is 51,997.
Richard Johnson (jockey)
Richard Johnson OBE (born 21 July 1977) is a retired English National Hunt jockey. Johnson is the second most prolific winner in the history of National Hunt Racing behind Sir Anthony McCoy, a long-time rival of Johnson's, with over 3500 winners. Richard Dunwoody previously held the record with 1874.

Johnson holds the record for the most appearances in the Grand National and also the record for the most rides in the race without a victory. Johnson has twice won the Cheltenham Gold Cup, on Looks Like Trouble in 2000 and Native River in 2018. Johnson has been Champion Jockey on four occasions and has been a runner-up 17 times in the Championship (on 16 occasions to McCoy and once in 2020 to the new champion Brian Hughes).

Triumph Hurdle
The Triumph Hurdle is a Grade 1 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years. It is run on the New Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 2 miles and 1 furlong (2 miles and 179 yards, or 3,382 metres), and during its running there are eight hurdles to be jumped. The race is for juvenile novice hurdlers, and it is scheduled to take place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

It is the leading event in the National Hunt calendar to be exclusively contested by juveniles, and it is the opening race on the final day of the Festival.