hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
W. G. G. Duncan Smith
Group Captain Wilfrid George Gerald Duncan Smith, DSO & Bar, DFC & Two Bars, AE (28 May 1914 – 11 December 1996) was a Royal Air Force flying ace of the Second World War. He was the father of Iain Duncan Smith, Member of Parliament and Leader of the Conservative Party.

No. 603 Squadron RAuxAF
No. 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. On reforming on 1 October 1999, the primary role of 603 Squadron was as a Survive to Operate squadron, as well as providing force protection.

603 Sqn re-roled to become a reserve RAF Police unit from 1 April 2013.  The Squadron retains a squadron's complement of RAF Regiment as part of its overall contribution to Force Protection and it still operates from a magnificent Victorian Town Mansion close to Edinburgh's city centre, as it has since the Town Headquarters was bought for the squadron in 1925.
World Population Conference
The first ever World Population Conference was held at the Salle Centrale, Geneva, Switzerland, from 29 August to 3 September 1927. Organized by the forerunner of the United Nations, the League of Nations, and Margaret Sanger; the conference was an attempt to bring together international experts on population, food supply, fertility, migration and health to discuss the problem of human overpopulation. The conference was organized with funds donated by Sanger's husband, J. Noah Slee, as well as a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Sir. Bernard Mallet presided over the meeting, and William H. Welch was vice-president.

The conference was attended by delegates from all over the world, promoted the study of human population and led to the establishment of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.

Since the United Nations officially came into existence in 1945, five subsequent conferences on population have been held.

Edward Murray East
Edward Murray East (October 4, 1879 – November 9, 1938) was an American plant geneticist, botanist, agronomist and eugenicist. He is known for his experiments that led to the development of hybrid corn and his support of 'forced' elimination of the 'unfit' based on eugenic findings. He worked at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University where he performed a key experiment showing the outcome of crosses between lines that differ in a quantitative trait. He is also known as a critic of consumption and as a pioneer of thinking about environmental limits. While some scholars see his population thinking as nothing more than eugenics on a global scale, others see his population thinking as driven by environmental concerns, not eugenics.
2004 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 23rd Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 2004 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 21 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces (Polish: Kryterium Asów Polskich Lig Żużlowych im. Mieczysława Połukarda) usually referred to as the Criterium of Aces (Kryterium Asów) is an annual speedway event held each year organised by Polonia Bydgoszcz in forms the 'curtain raiser' (Super cup) to a season.

The Criterium of Aces is held in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz. It is seen by riders and fans as the official opening of the new season. Tomasz Gollob has won the event the most times by winning it on fourteen occasions.

First staged in 1982, although a similar meeting was held in the 1951 as Criterium of Aces (Criterium Asów). The event was not held from 2013 to 2020 but returned for the 2021 Polish speedway season.

Unless stated all riders are Polish
Louisa Jenkinson, Countess of Liverpool
Louisa Theodosia Jenkinson, Countess of Liverpool (née Hervey; February 1767 – 12 June 1821) was a British noblewoman and the first wife of Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, who served as prime minister from 1812 to 1827.

John Creighton, 1st Earl Erne
John Creighton, 1st Earl Erne, PC (1731 – 15 September 1828), known as The Lord Erne between 1772 and 1781 and as The Viscount Erne between 1781 and 1789, was an Irish peer and politician.

Erne was the eldest surviving son of Abraham Creighton, 1st Baron Erne, and Elizabeth Rogerson, and succeeded his father as second Baron in 1772. Between 1761 and 1773, he represented Lifford in the Irish House of Commons. In 1781 he was created Viscount Erne, of Crom Castle in the County of Fermanagh, and in 1789 he was further honoured when he was made Earl Erne, of Crom Castle in the County of Fermanagh. He sat from 1800 to 1828 as one of the 28 original Irish representative peer in the House of Lords.
Christ the Gardener
Christ the Gardener is an oil on canvas painting by Édouard Manet, executed from 1856 to 1859, one of his few religious works. It shows the risen Christ in the Noli me tangere episode, although unusually Mary Magdalene is not shown. It is now in a private collection.

Noli me tangere
Noli me tangere ('touch me not') is the Latin version of a phrase spoken, according to John 20:17, by Jesus to Mary Magdalene when she recognized him after His resurrection. The original Koine Greek phrase is Μή μου ἅπτου (mḗ mou háptou). The biblical scene has been portrayed in numerous works of Christian art from Late Antiquity to the present. The phrase has also been used in literature, and later in a variation by military units since the late 18th century.
Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm
Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm or Josef Fischer von Röslerstamm or Josef Fischer von Rösslerstamm (19 February 1787, Rumburg – 17 March 1866, Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.
He was an industrialist manufacturing macaroni, vermicelli, and other processed foods. He lived in Vienna from 1837. Röslerstamm developed a method system of systematic tables (1834–1842) for the Microlepidoptera and described many new species of these tiny moths. He studied often in the Naturhistorisches Museum with Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer and Josef Johann Mann.

Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer
Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera.

Rogenhoer studied law in Vienna but after passing the law exam he worked as a volunteer in the zoological museum becoming an assistant in 1860 and a curator in 1867. He described a number of species of lepidoptera, particularly those collected on the Novara expedition. Beside him Josef Mann (1804-1889) worked as a keen technician and collector for the benefits of the museum. Mann described many species of Lepidoptera new to science focussing on Microlepidoptera.
Joseph Smith: The Prophet of the Restoration
Joseph Smith: The Prophet of the Restoration is a 2005 American biographical historical drama film that focuses on some of the events during the life of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, which was both filmed and distributed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The film was shown in the Legacy Theater of the Joseph Smith Memorial Building from its opening on December 17, 2005 until early 2015, and opened in several LDS Church visitors' centers on December 24, 2005.

The film used the digital intermediate process. In March 2011, the church released a revised cut of the film, which is available to watch in select visitors' centers and online. Additionally, the church has released the film in several languages including ASL, Spanish, French, German, and Japanese. The film is available for free on YouTube, on the LDS Church's official channel.

Nauvoo, Illinois
Nauvoo (/ˈnɔːvuː/ NAW-voo; from the Hebrew: נָאווּ, Modern: Navu, Tiberian: Nâwû, 'they are beautiful') is a small city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States, on the Mississippi River near Fort Madison, Iowa. The population of Nauvoo was 950 at the 2020 census. Nauvoo attracts visitors for its historic importance and its religious significance to members of several groups: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; the Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints); other groups stemming from the Latter Day Saint movement; and the Icarians. The city and its immediate surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Nauvoo Historic District.
De consideratione
De consideratione is a book of five parts by Bernard of Clairvaux; the great 12th-century abbot wrote it for (or rather, to) his fellow Cistercian monk who had become Pope Eugenius III. The book is famous for its portrayal of a church leader in a conflict between devotion to God and the demands of the papal court. The book was written between 1148 and 1152, late in Bernard's life.

Pope Eugene III
Pope Eugene III (Latin: Eugenius III; c. 1080 – 8 July 1153), born Bernardo, called Bernardo da Pisa, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1145 to his death in 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become pope. In response to the fall of Edessa to the Muslims in 1144, Eugene proclaimed the Second Crusade. The crusade failed to recapture Edessa, which was the first of many failures by the Christians in the crusades to recapture lands won in the First Crusade. He was beatified in 1872 by Pope Pius IX.
Scotty Riggs
Scott Antol (born March 1, 1967) is a retired American professional wrestler. He is best known for his tenure with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1993 to 1999 under the ring names Scotty Riggs and Riggs. Antol is also known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) as Scotty Anton. He currently works for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) in a backstage role.

TCW Heavyweight Championship
The TCW Heavyweight Championship was the primary professional wrestling singles title of Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling. It was originally won by Glacier who defeated Jorge Estrada in tournament final held in Ashburn, Georgia on July 6, 2000. It was defended primarily in the state of Georgia but throughout the Southern United States, most often in Dothan, Alabama, until the promotion's close in 2003.
Eliot Noyes
Eliot Fette Noyes (August 12, 1910 – July 18, 1977) was an American architect and industrial designer, who worked on projects for IBM, most notably the IBM Selectric typewriter and the IBM Aerospace Research Center in Los Angeles, California. Noyes was also a pioneer in development of comprehensive corporate-wide design programs that integrated design strategy and business strategy. Noyes worked on  corporate imagery for IBM, Mobil Oil, Cummins Engine and Westinghouse.

Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈadɔlf ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈɡʁoːpiʊs]; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of Bauhaus in Weimar and taught there for several years, becoming known as a leading proponent of the International Style. Gropius emigrated from Germany to England in 1934 and from England to the United States in 1937, where he spent much of the rest of his life teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In the United States he worked on several projects with Marcel Breuer and with the firm The Architects Collaborative, of which he was a founding partner. In 1959, he won the AIA Gold Medal, one of the most prestigious awards in architecture.
Native cloud application
A native cloud application (NCA) is a type of computer software that natively utilizes services and infrastructure from cloud computing providers such as Amazon EC2, Force.com, or Microsoft Azure. NCAs exhibit a combined usage of the three fundamental technologies:

Computational grid - loosely, e.g. MapReduce

Data grids (e.g. distributed in-memory data caches)

Auto-scaling on any managed infrastructure

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a part of Amazon's cloud-computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS), that allows users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications. EC2 encourages scalable deployment of applications by providing a web service through which a user can boot an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to configure a virtual machine, which Amazon calls an "instance", containing any software desired. A user can create, launch, and terminate server-instances as needed, paying by the second for active servers – hence the term "elastic". EC2 provides users with control over the geographical location of instances that allows for latency optimization and high levels of redundancy. In November 2010, Amazon switched its own retail website platform to EC2 and AWS.
Never Been Gone
Never Been Gone is the 23rd studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Iris Records, on October 27, 2009.

Featuring acoustic versions of many of Simon's past hits along with two new songs, "No Freedom" and "Songbird", the album peaked at No. 134 on the U.S. Billboard 200. The International version peaked at No. 45 on the United Kingdom's UK Albums Chart in 2010. It was given away free with The Mail on Sunday newspaper on March 28, 2010.

This Kind of Love
This Kind of Love is the 22nd studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Hear Music, on April 29, 2008.

Simon's first album of original material since The Bedroom Tapes in 2000, it is also her most recent album to date consisting of brand new songs. It debuted at No. 15 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling about 23,000 copies in its first week. By late 2009, the album had sold 124,000 copies.
TNA Sacrifice (2005)
The 2005 Sacrifice was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion that took place on August 14, 2005 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the first show of the Sacrifice series and eighth event in the 2005 TNA PPV schedule. Nine professional wrestling matches and one pre-show match were featured on the card.

Ten matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Jeff Jarrett and Rhino defeated Raven and Sabu. In other prominent matches, AJ Styles defeated Samoa Joe in the finals of the 2005 TNA Super X Cup Tournament, Jerry Lynn defeated Sean Waltman and in an Internet dream match, Christopher Daniels defeated Austin Aries.

Corey David Lacroix of the professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer posted a review of the gathering, stating he felt "there was not a single bad match" on the card

Pin (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a pin is a move where a wrestler holds an opponent's shoulders to the mat in an attempt to score a fall. A pinfall is a common victory condition, where the attacker pins an opponent and the referee makes a three count before the opponent gets released from the pin.
Drill 'n' bass
Drill 'n' bass is a subgenre of drum and bass which developed in the mid-1990s as IDM artists began experimenting with elements of jungle and breakbeat music. Artists utilized powerful audio software to program frenzied, irregular beats that often discouraged dancing. The style was often interpreted as having a lightly parodic relationship with the dance styles that inspired it.

Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore (also referred to as hardcore rave, oldskool hardcore or simply hardcore) is a music genre that spawned from the UK rave scene during the early 1990s. It combines four-on-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats usually sampled from hip hop. In addition to the inclusion of breakbeats, the genre also features shuffled drum machine patterns, hoover, and other noises originating from new beat and Belgian techno, sounds from acid house and bleep techno, and often upbeat house piano riffs and vocals.
Marcel Bovis
Marcel Bovis (1904–1997) was a French photographer, most notable for his photographs of Paris.

Bovis studied at the National School of Decorative Arts in Nice and subsequently arrived to Paris to work as decorator. He taught himself photography and from 1927 started to produce photos of Paris, predominantly at night, and after 1936 became a professional photographer. In the same year, he had his first personal exhibition in Paris. This particular exhibition, which was held in Pavillon de Marsan, was a collection of photos he took together with Pierre Mac Orlan. It records the celebrations of festivals and famous circuses with a humanist sympathy.   In 1941 he joined the professional association Le Rectangle and after it disbanded in 1946 he became one of the founding members of the Le Groupe des XV, an association of French photographers, and in 1952, he exhibited at the World Exhibition of Photography in Lucerne.

Le Groupe des XV
Le Groupe des XV was a collective founded in 1946 by fifteen (hence its name) French humanist photographers who exhibited annually in Paris until 1957. Its objective was to have photography recognised as an art form in its own right, and to use it to preserve French photographic heritage.
Earthquake casualty estimation
Earthquake casualty estimation refers to the practice of estimating the number of fatalities and injuries caused by seismic events, often before comprehensive data from the field are available. Systems such as the United States Geological Survey's PAGER rapidly assess potential impacts by combining seismic data with population exposure and loss models.

Casualties are defined as fatalities and injuries. Recent advances are improving the speed and accuracy of loss estimates immediately after earthquakes. After major and great earthquakes, rescue agencies and civil defense managers need rapid estimates of the extent of the potential disaster, before information may be available. This process is more challenging in developing countries.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Lincoln Plaza (London)
Lincoln Plaza is a 31-storey luxury housing development situated on Millharbour on the Isle of Dogs, part of the Docklands area of London, England and located near South Quay DLR station. Lincoln Plaza is one of several new high-rise residential developments that have been constructed on the Isle of Dogs in recent years.  Designed by BUJ Architects for Galliard Homes, it features two residential towers, and also includes a hotel. The hotel opened in 2018 and will operate under the Curio brand by Hilton.

South Quay DLR station
South Quay is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station on the Isle of Dogs, East London, England. The station is between Crossharbour and Heron Quays stations and is in London fare zone 2. South Quay is in Millwall and is located on the southern shore of the South Dock of the West India Docks; the current station platforms sit astride the channel connecting Millwall Dock to the West India Docks.
Eriswell Low Warren
Eriswell Low Warren is a 7.4-hectare (18-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Eriswell in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of the Breckland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

The site is mainly unimproved acidic grassland on sandy soils, which has a variety of typical Breckland flora, and there are also areas of lichens and bryophytes. Rare plants include purple-stem cat's-tail, spring speedwell, Spanish catchfly and perennial knawel.

The site is private land with no public access.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Neureni Lake
Neureni Lake also known as Niureni Lake and Nyureni Lake is a freshwater lake located in the Lekhnath municipality of Kaski, Nepal. It has also been listed under the Ramsar convention along with the lakes Phewa, Begnas, Rupa, Dipang, Maidi, Khaste, Kamaltal and Gude Lake.

Rupa Lake
Rupa Lake or Rupa Tal is a freshwater lake in Nepal located in the border of Pokhara Metropolitan and Rupa Rural Municipality of Kaski District. It is the third biggest lake in Pokhara valley of Nepal and at an altitude of 600 m (1,969 ft) covering area about 1.35 km2 (0.5 sq mi)  with an average water depth 3 m (9.8 ft) and maximum depth 6 m (20 ft). The lake is elongated north to south and is fed by perennial streams. Its watershed area is 30 km2, where The main inflow of water is from Talbesi stream, whereas Dhovan khola is the feeder stream with its outlet Tal khola at Sistani ghat. It supports a number of floral and faunal species. A total of 36 species of waterbirds have been recorded in the lake which represents about 19 percent of the total 193 wetland-dependent birds found in Nepal.
Estádio Municipal do Porto Novo
Estádio Municipal do Porto Novo is a multi-purpose stadium in Porto Novo, Cape Verde just about a l=kilometer west of the city center on the road connecting Porto Novo and places west of the island including Norte and Tarrafal de Monte Trigo.  It is currently used mostly for football matches along with athletics.  The stadium is owned by the municipality of Porto Novo and are operated by the Santo Antão South Regional Football Association (ARFSSA) and the Santo Antão Regional Athletics Association (ARASA).  The stadium holds about 3,500 people and has seat rows in the left sides.  The stadium is home to the Santo Antão Island League South Zone's clubs including Académica, Fiorentina, Marítimo, Sanjoanense and Sporting.  Its size is 105 by 68 m.  It is the westernmost sports stadium in the whole of Africa, it is also the westernmost athletic facility.  It has one of the westernmost football fields in the whole of Africa.

Porto Novo, Cape Verde
Porto Novo is a city in the island of Santo Antão, in Cape Verde. It is the seat of the Porto Novo municipality. At the 2010 census, the town had 9,310 inhabitants, which makes it the most populous settlement of the island.