hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Types of periodic tables
Since Dimitri Mendeleev formulated the periodic law in 1871, and published an associated periodic table of chemical elements, authors have experimented with varying types of periodic tables for teaching, aesthetic or philosophical purposes.

Earlier, in 1869, Mendeleev had mentioned different layouts including short, medium, or even cubic forms. It appeared to him that the latter (three-dimensional) form would be the most natural approach but that "attempts at such a construction have not led to any real results". On spiral periodic tables, "Mendeleev...steadfastly refused to depict the system as [such]...His objection was that he could not express this function mathematically."

Edward G. Mazurs
Edward G. Mazurs (1894–1983) was a chemist who wrote a history of the periodic system of the chemical elements which is still considered a "classic book on the history of the periodic table". Originally self-published as Types of graphic representation of the periodic system of chemical elements (1957), it was reviewed by the ACS in 1958 as "the most complete survey of the range of human imagination in representing graphically the Mendeleev periodic law."

A revised "centenary" edition covering a full 100 years of periodic tables was republished under the title Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years  in 1974. Mazurs provided a comprehensive analysis and classification of periodic tables, listing and classifying over 700 periodic tables. He recommended Charles Janet's left-step system and suggested that it could be expanded into three dimensions.
Frederick Albert Hale
Frederick Albert Hale (December 25, 1855 – September 6, 1934) was an American architect who practiced in states including Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming.  According to a 1977 NRHP nomination for the Keith-O'Brien Building in Salt Lake City, "Hale worked mostly in the classical styles and seemed equally adept at Beaux-Arts Classicism, Neo-Classical Revival or Georgian Revival." He also employed Shingle and Queen Anne styles for several residential structures. A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

He was also known for his singing ability, especially in Denver, where he performed in several theatrical presentations during his time there.

Longmont, Colorado
Longmont is a home rule city located in Boulder and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Its population was 98,885 as of the 2020 U.S. census.  Longmont is located northeast of the county seat of Boulder. It is named after Longs Peak, a prominent mountain that is clearly visible from the city (mont means "mountain" in French).
Battle of Shuangqiaozhen
The Battle of Shuangqiaozhen (Chinese: 雙橋鎮戰鬥) was fought from March 6 to March 12, 1931, between the 34th Division of the Army of the Kuomintang Nationalist Government and the Fourth Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party. It took place during the second encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet. The commander of the 34th Division, Major General Yue (a descendant of Song dynasty general Yue Fei) was captured by the communists. In August 1932, Yue was executed by firing squad on the orders of Zhang Guotao and posthumously promoted to full general.

Second encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet
The second encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Eyuwan Soviet, a Communist base located in the border region between Hubei, Henan, and Anhui provinces. The Fourth Red Army responded with its second counter-encirclement campaign and successfully defended the soviet. It lasted from April 1931 to July 1931.
Asadabad, Rumeshkan
Asadabad (Persian: اسداباد), also Romanized as Asadābād; also known as Cheqā-ye Sabz and Chigha yi Sabz, is a village in Suri Rural District of Suri District, Rumeshkan County, Lorestan province, Iran. It lies between the villages of Chogha Sabz-e Khoda Nazar to the northwest and Sefid Khani-ye Jadid to the southeast.

At the 2006 census, its population was 897, in 180 families.

Iran portal

Sefid Khani-ye Jadid
Sefid Khani-ye Jadid (Persian: سفيدخاني جديد), also Romanized as Sefīd Khānī-ye Jadīd; also known as Sefīd Khānī and Qaryeh-ye Sefīd Khānī, is a village in Suri Rural District of Suri District, Rumeshkan County, Lorestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 census, its population was 273, in 58 families.

Iran portal
CM and StP Railroad Underpass
CM and StP Railroad Underpass is a historic structure located southwest of Washington, Iowa, United States.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.  The Warren deck truss bridge is a rare example of this type of bridge in Iowa, and the oldest still in existence.  Given the relatively flat nature of Iowa's rivers and streams this bridge type was rarely built in the state, and was mostly built for railroad use.  This bridge, completed in 1903 by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad (known as simply The Milwaukee Road), crosses a county highway bridge and the west fork of Crooked Creek.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
2019–2021 Feldhockey-Bundesliga
The 2019–20 Bundesliga was the 78th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier field hockey league. It began on 7 September 2019 and it concluded with the championship final on 24 May 2019 in Mannheim. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the league was suspended on 13 March until 1 April 2020. The season returned on 2 September 2020 and was extended into 2021 with an extra round of matches.

For the 2019–20 season, the German Hockey Federation introduced a new format. The league was played by twelve teams grouped in two pools of six (Pool A and Pool B) based on the previous season's ranking. The teams of the same pool competed 2 times and faced the teams of the other pool once. The first four of each pool were qualified for the play-offs and the last two of each pool played the play-downs.

Uhlenhorst Mülheim are the two-time defending champions.

Men's Feldhockey Bundesliga
The Feldhockey Bundesliga is the top level of men's field hockey in Germany and is managed by the German Hockey Federation. The league currently ranks first in the men's European league rankings. It was established in 1937.
Rafaravavitafika Rasata
Rafaravavitafika RASATA, 36, is a diplomat and Malagasy politician who was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar on January 14, 2024. She is the 5th and youngest woman to hold this position in the history of Malagasy diplomacy.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Madagascar)
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Madagascar is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Madagascar since its founding in 1960:
Amphitheriidae
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were members of Cladotheria, more derived than members of Dryolestida, and possibly forming a close relationship with Peramuridae. Amphitheriidae is the only family of the order Amphitheriida.

Peramuridae
The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. They are considered to be advanced cladotherians, closely related to therian mammals as part of Zatheria.
1997 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1997 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 87th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Rathnure entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 19 October 1997 at O'Kennedy Park in New Ross, between Oulart–The Ballagh and Glynn–Barntown, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in two years. Oulart–The Ballagh won the match by 2–11 to 0–14 to claim their third championship title overall and a third title in four years.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Simon Baruch
Simon Baruch (July 29, 1840 – June 3, 1921) was a Prussian-American physician, scholar, and the foremost advocate of the urban public bathhouse to benefit public health in the United States. An American Civil War veteran of the Confederate States Army, after the war Baruch was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.

Medical University of South Carolina
The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) is a public medical school in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It opened in 1824 as a small private college aimed at training physicians and has since established hospitals and medical facilities across the state. It is one of the oldest continually operating schools of medicine in the United States and the oldest in the Deep South.

The school has expanded into a state university with a medical center and six colleges for the education of health professionals, biomedical scientists, and other health care personnel.  It also operates as a center for research and has a public hospital.
Synodontis brichardi
Synodontis brichardi, known as Brichard's synodontis, is a species of upside-down catfish that is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it occurs in the rapids of the lower Congo River.  It was first described by  Max Poll in 1959.  The original specimens were obtained from the rapids at Kinsuka, Kinshaa, Zaire.  The species name brichardi is named in honor of Pierre Brichard, an aquarium fish exporter who first discovered the fish.

Mochokidae
The Mochokidae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) that are known as the squeakers or upside-down catfish (although not all species swim upside-down). Nine genera and about 200 species of mochokids ae described. All the mochokids are freshwater species originating from Africa.

They have three pairs of barbels, with the nasal barbels absent; sometimes, the mandibular barbels may be branched. The lips are modified into a suckermouth in Atopochilus, Chiloglanis, and Euchilichthys. The adipose fin is usually very long. The dorsal and pectoral fins have spines that are usually strong and with a locking mechanism. They range in size up to 72 cm (28 in) standard length. This group contains many popular species among aquarists, such as Synodontis nigriventris, Synodontis angelicus, and Synodontis multipunctatus.
Cotta'sche Bibliothek der Weltliteratur
Cotta'sche Bibliothek der Weltliteratur ("Cotta's Library of World Literature") was a German book series with (mostly German) works in the ranking of "world literature", published by Cotta in Stuttgart. It was founded by Carl von Cotta and Adolf Kröner. From 1882 to 1909, 320 volumes were published.

It contained for example Goethes Sämtliche Werke (“Goethe’s Complete Works”) in 36 volumes, or the Complete Works by Arthur Schopenhauer with an introduction by Dr. Rudolf Steiner, or Heldensagen des Firdusi in deutscher Nachbildung (Heroic legends of Firdusi in German adaptation) in the translation by  A. Fr. von Schack in 3 volumes.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Qeshlaq-e Tahsaran
Qeshlaq-e Tahsaran (Persian: قشلاق ته سران, also Romanized as Qeshlāq-e Tahsarān) is a village in Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District, Kakavand District, Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 41, in 6 families.

Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District
Itivand-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ایتیوند جنوبی) is in Itivand District of Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qomesh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kahriz-e Varvasht.
Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located directly north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area. Its population is about 43,000 inhabitants (2015).

Granadero Baigorria is named after Juan Bautista Baigorria, a cavalry soldier of the Mounted Grenadiers (Granaderos a Caballo) who fought for General José de San Martín in the battle of San Lorenzo on 3 February 1813, the first of the Argentine War of Independence.

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Craig Forrest
Craig Lorne Forrest (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian former professional soccer player and sports commentator.

As a player, he was a goalkeeper from 1985 until 2002, playing his entire career in England. He made Premier League appearances for Ipswich Town, Chelsea and West Ham United, whilst also spending time on loan in the Football League with Colchester United. He made 56 international appearances, representing Canada. In 2012 as part of the Canadian Soccer Association's centennial celebration, he was named to the all-time Canada XI men's team.

Canada Soccer Hall of Fame
The Canada Soccer Hall of Fame honours people and institutions for their contributions to Canadian soccer. It was founded in 1997 by the Ontario Soccer Association and was originally located in Vaughan, Ontario. As of 2024, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has inducted 144 players, 13 managers/coaches, 10 officials, and 45 builders as honoured members. Additionally, the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame has recognized 18 teams of distinction and 21 organizations of distinction.

After the Canadian Soccer Association Alumni Association was founded in 1987, the Soccer Hall of Fame was founded by the Ontario Soccer Association in 1997 in Vaughan. The new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame was launched in May 2017 under the direction of the Canadian Soccer Association in Ottawa, Ontario. All previously-inducted members of The Soccer Hall of Fame as well as a catch-up class of 17 legends were named to the new Canada Soccer Hall of Fame.
Root (board game)
Root: A Game of Woodland Might and Right is a 2018 asymmetric strategy wargame board game designed by Cole Wehrle, illustrated by Kyle Ferrin, and published by Leder Games. Players compete for the most victory points through moving and battling using various factions with unique abilities. Upon its release, Root received positive reviews, and was followed by four expansions. A digital version, developed by Dire Wolf Digital, was released in 2020.

BoardGameGeek
BoardGameGeek (BGG) is an online forum for board gaming hobbyists and a user-generated game database that holds reviews, images and videos for over 150,000 different tabletop games. The site allows users to rate games on a 1–10 scale and shows these as a ranked list of board games. It is considered the most-used website by board game enthusiasts since the 2000s, and recent academic literature about board games relies on the website. The New York Times in 2019 called it "the hub of board gaming on the internet."
1913–14 FC Basel season
The FC Basel 1913–14 season was their twenty-first season since the club's foundation on 15 November 1893. The club's chairman was Karl Ibach, but he stood down at the AGM on 25 September 1913. From that date Carl Albert Hintermann took over as club president. FC Basel played their home games in the Landhof in the district Basel-Wettstein in Kleinbasel, Basel.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
State Highway 54 (New Zealand)
State Highway 54 (SH 54) is a New Zealand state highway that runs across nearly all of the Manawatū District in the North Island. It runs from SH 1 at Vinegar Hill (near Hunterville) to SH 3 near Palmerston North. The highway connects the Manawatū District's chief town, Feilding, to the New Zealand state highway network and forms an alternative route to SH 1 and SH 3 between the North Island Volcanic Plateau and Palmerston North.

Manawatū District
Manawatū District (officially Manawatu District) is a territorial authority district in the Manawatū-Whanganui local government region in the North Island of New Zealand, administered by Manawatu District Council. It includes most of the area between the Manawatū River in the south and the Rangitīkei River in the north, stretching from slightly south of the settlement of Himatangi in the south, to just south of Mangaweka in the north, and from the Rangitīkei River to the top of the Ruahine Range in the east. It does not include the Foxton area and the mouth of the Manawatū River, or Palmerston North City (which includes Ashhurst). Its main town is Feilding. The district has an area of 2,624 km².
Deep-focus earthquake
A deep-focus earthquake in seismology (also called a plutonic earthquake) is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km. They occur almost exclusively at convergent boundaries in association with subducted oceanic lithosphere. They occur along a dipping tabular zone beneath the subduction zone known as the Wadati–Benioff zone.

Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
Pashuk Glacier
Pashuk Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Пашук, romanized: lednik Pashuk, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik pɐˈʃuk]) is the steep 2.7 km long and 600 m wide glacier on the southeast side of Imeon Range, Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which is draining southeastwards from Vakarel Saddle between the side ridges descending from Antim Peak and Evlogi Peak and separating it from Krivodol Glacier to the north and Rupite Glacier to the south respectively, and flows into Osmar Strait southwest of Sredets Point.

The glacier is named after the Canadian Keri Pashuk, skipper of the sailing yacht Northanger which provided logistic support for the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Foster (2105 m) in 1996.

Vakarel Saddle
Vakarel Saddle (Bulgarian: Вакарелска седловина, ‘Vakarelska Sedlovina’ \va-ka-'rel-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is a crescent-shaped ice-covered saddle of elevation 1744 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica bounded by Antim Peak to the east-northeast, and Evlogi Peak to the southwest, and overlooking Chuprene Glacier to the northwest.  The feature is named after the settlement of Vakarel in western Bulgaria.
Gunslinger (film)
Gunslinger is a 1956 American Western film directed by Roger Corman and starring John Ireland, Beverly Garland and Allison Hayes. The screenplay was written by Mark Hanna and Charles B. Griffith.

The film began production in February 1956, as director Corman wanted to shoot one final film in six days before a change in union contracts meant that actors were limited to working only five days a week. Filming of Gunslinger was marred by several inconveniences; rain caused the filming location to become muddy, and the two lead actresses were both injured on set. Eventually, Gunslinger was released to mixed reviews, and, in 1993, was featured in a fifth-season episode of the film-mocking comedy television series Mystery Science Theater 3000.

Kevin Murphy (actor)
Kevin Wagner Murphy (born November 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer best known as the voice and puppeteer of Tom Servo on the Peabody Award-winning comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000. Murphy also records audio commentary tracks with Michael J. Nelson and Bill Corbett for Nelson's RiffTrax website.
USS Myrtle (1862)
The first USS Myrtle was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. It was used as a tugboat and as a dispatch boat assigned to assist Union Navy ships patrolling Confederate waterways.

Dispatch boat
Dispatch boats were small boats, and sometimes large ships, tasked to carry military dispatches from ship to ship or from ship to shore or, in some cases from shore to shore. Dispatch boats were employed when other means of transmitting a message was not possible or safe or as quick.

Dispatch boats, which performed their dispatch-carrying duties only on a temporary basis, should not be confused with packet ships—sometimes called packet boats or paquetbots—which were cargo ships which also routinely carried the mail from port to port.

Generally, dispatch boats served the military, and paquetbots served commerce.