hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neglect of probability
The neglect of probability, a type of cognitive bias, is the tendency to disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty and is one simple way in which people regularly violate the normative rules for decision making. Small risks are typically either neglected entirely or hugely overrated. The continuum between the extremes is ignored. The term probability neglect was coined by Cass Sunstein.

There are many related ways in which people violate the normative rules of decision making with regard to probability including the hindsight bias, the neglect of prior base rates effect, and the gambler's fallacy. However, this bias is different, in that, rather than incorrectly using probability, the actor disregards it.

"We have no intuitive grasp of risk and thus distinguish poorly among different threats," Dobelli has written. "The more serious the threat and the more emotional the topic (such as radioactivity), the less reassuring a reduction in risk seems to us."

Gambler's fallacy
The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that, if an event (whose occurrences are independent and identically distributed) has occurred less frequently than expected, it is more likely to happen again in the future (or vice versa). The fallacy is commonly associated with gambling, where it may be believed, for example, that the next dice roll is more likely to be six than is usually the case because there have recently been fewer than the expected number of sixes.

The term  "Monte Carlo fallacy" originates from an example of the phenomenon, in which the roulette wheel spun black 26 times in succession at the Monte Carlo Casino in 1913.
Cyclone Guba
Severe Tropical Cyclone Guba was the most recent tropical cyclone to form in the Port Moresby area of responsibility. The storm resulted in 149 fatalities and severe damage across southeastern Papua New Guinea in November 2007. The first-named cyclone of the 2007–08 Australian region cyclone season, Guba formed on 13 November 2007 close to the island of New Guinea, and reached tropical cyclone intensity the next day by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) in Brisbane, with the TCWC in Port Moresby assigning the name Guba. It meandered in the northern Coral Sea for the next week, strengthening to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on 16 November. It posed a threat to the Australian Cape York Peninsula, but remained offshore, and finally dissipated on 20 November.

Papua New Guinean kina
The Kina (ISO 4217 currency code: PGK, the currency symbol: K) is the currency of Papua New Guinea. It is divided into 100 toea. The name Kina is derived from Kuanua language of the Tolai region, referring to a callable pearl shell used widely for trading in both the Coastal and Highlands areas of the country.
Semigroup Forum
Semigroup Forum (print ISSN 0037-1912, electronic ISSN 1432-2137) is a mathematics research journal published by Springer. The journal serves as a platform for research in semigroup theory. Coverage in the journal includes:

algebraic semigroups,

topological semigroups,

partially ordered semigroups,

semigroups of measures and harmonic analysis on semigroups,

transformation semigroups, and

applications of semigroup theory to other disciplines such as ring theory, category theory, automata, and logic.

Semigroups of operators were initially considered off-topic, but began being included in the journal in 1985.

Transformation semigroup
In algebra, a transformation semigroup (or composition semigroup) is a collection of transformations (functions from a set to itself) that is closed under function composition. If it includes the identity function, it is a monoid, called a transformation (or composition) monoid. This is the semigroup analogue of a permutation group.

A transformation semigroup of a set has a tautological semigroup action on that set. Such actions are characterized by being faithful, i.e., if two elements of the semigroup have the same action, then they are equal.

An analogue of Cayley's theorem shows that any semigroup can be realized as a transformation semigroup of some set.

In automata theory, some authors use the term transformation semigroup to refer to a semigroup acting faithfully on a set of "states" different from the semigroup's base set. There is a correspondence between the two notions.
Qajar (tribe)
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.

Bayat (tribe)
Bayat (Azerbaijani: Bayat tayfası; Persian: بیات; Turkish: Bayat boyu; Turkmen: Baýat taýpasy) is one of the Oghuz tribes in Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria. When Oghuz Turks started to migrate from the Aral steppes to Khorasan in the 11th and 13th centuries, Bayat people spread throughout the region. They are sub-ethnic groups of Turkmens and Azerbaijanis. The Bayats are Muslim and speak a southern dialect of Azerbaijani language in Azerbaijan and Iran, or their own dialect of Turkish in Turkey, and Ersari dialect of Turkmen in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The ancient Turkmen proverb says: "Kayı and Bayat tribes shall lead the people" (Turkmen: "Il başy - gaýy-baýat").
Hagen Rether
Hagen Rether (born 8 October 1969 in Bucharest) is a Romanian-born German political cabaret artist and musician. The most remarkable features in his performance are usually the presence and use of a grand piano. He was a frequent contributor to the German Kabarett TV show Scheibenwischer.

Among the topics Rether relates to are not only federal, state and international politics, but also religion, media, consumerism and globalization.

Kabarett
Kabarett (German pronunciation: [kabaˈʁɛt]; from French cabaret = tavern) is satirical revue, a form of cabaret which was developed in France by Rodolphe Salis in 1881 as the cabaret artistique. It was named Le Chat Noir and was centered on political events and satire. It later inspired creation of Kabarett venues in Germany from 1901, with the creation of Berlin's Überbrettl venue and in Austria with the creation of the Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin housed in the Theater an der Wien. By the Weimar era in the mid-1920s it was characterized by political satire and gallows humor. It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect.
Steve Addabbo
Steve Addabbo is an American record producer, songwriter and audio engineer, who helped launch the careers of Suzanne Vega and Shawn Colvin. He had a vital hand in Vega's hit single, "Luka" and Colvin's album Steady On.

The Bootleg Series Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971)
The Bootleg Series Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (1969–1971) is a compilation album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on August 27, 2013 on Legacy Records. The eighth installment of the ongoing Bob Dylan Bootleg Series, it consists of unreleased recordings, demo recordings, alternative takes mostly from Dylan's 1970 albums Self Portrait and New Morning, and two live tracks from the 1969 Isle of Wight Festival.

The cover is new artwork by Dylan. The liner notes have been written by Greil Marcus, who wrote the original Self Portrait review for Rolling Stone that infamously asked, "What is this shit?". Also included is an extensive essay from journalist Michael Simmons. The set also contains rare photographs of that era from John Cohen and Al Clayton.
ROSEN Group
ROSEN Group is a global technology company headquartered in Stans that specializes in the research, development, production, operation of inspection devices for pipelines and other complex technical systems. It offers its services and products to the oil and gas industry and other sectors.

In November 2023, the former family business was acquired by Partners Group for an undisclosed amount.

Stans
Stans (German pronunciation: [ʃtans]) is the capital of the canton of Nidwalden (Nidwald) in Switzerland.

The official language of Stans is German (spoken there in the variety of Swiss Standard German), but the main language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German.
Elasto-capillarity
Elasto-capillarity is the ability of capillary force to deform an elastic material. 
From the viewpoint of mechanics, elastocapillarity phenomena essentially involve competition between the elastic strain energy in the bulk and the energy on the surfaces/interfaces. In the modeling of these phenomena, some challenging issues are, among others, the exact characterization of energies at the micro scale, the solution of strongly nonlinear problems of structures with large deformation and moving boundary conditions, and instability of either solid structures or droplets/films.The capillary forces are generally negligible in the analysis of macroscopic structures but often play a significant role in many phenomena at small scales.

Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space without the assistance of external forces like gravity.

The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a paint brush, in a thin tube such as a straw, in porous materials such as paper and plaster, in some non-porous materials such as clay and liquefied carbon fiber, or in biological cells.

It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. If the diameter of the tube is sufficiently small, then the combination of surface tension (which is caused by cohesion within the liquid) and adhesive forces between the liquid and container wall act to propel the liquid.
PMAN Rivers State Branch
The Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria Rivers State Branch (PMAN Rivers State Branch) is an organization existing to promote the music profession and oversee the welfare of musicians in Rivers State, Nigeria. It is the state affiliate of the national Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria (PMAN). Its state headquarters are in Port Harcourt.

Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria
Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria, also known as Performing Musicians Employers' Association Of Nigeria (abbreviated as PMAN) is a Nigerian music-based organisation. It was founded in 1984 by Christy Essien-Igbokwe and Sunny Okosun. It serves as a guide for Nigerian musicians as well as regulate the practice of music in Nigeria. As of 2016, Singer Pretty Okafor has served as the president.
Formation reconnaissance regiment
The Formation Reconnaissance Regiment (Fmn Recce) is a fighting unit provided by the Royal Armoured Corps or Household Cavalry.

Formation reconnaissance regiments are intended to provide Armoured Reconnaissance for a higher-level formation, usually a division or a heavy brigade. In a large-scale defensive operation, they would delay attacking forces, whilst screening heavier units as they moved to engage the enemy.

FV104 Samaritan
The FV104 Samaritan is the British Army armoured ambulance variant of the CVR(T) family. It has a capacity for up to 6 casualties. It entered service in 1976.

The Samaritan is one of the variants of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family of armoured fighting vehicles developed by Alvis plc for the British military.
Blade & Soul
Blade & Soul (Korean: 블레이드 앤 소울; RR: Beulleideu aen soul) is a Wuxia-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by Korean NCSoft (Team Bloodlust). Blade & Soul was released in Western territories on January 19, 2016. A Japanese animated television adaptation aired in 2014 from April 3 to June 26 on TBS and other stations.

The mobile game adaptation Blade & Soul Revolution was released on December 6, 2018.

ESA (company)
ESA Co., Ltd. (Entertainment Studio Asia, Korean: 주식회사 이에스에이), formerly Softmax Co., Ltd. (Korean: 주식회사 소프트맥스), is a Korean video game developer and publisher and entertainment company. They are best known for their War of Genesis series, Magna Carta series, and MMORPG TalesWeaver. It is currently listed in the Korea Stock Exchange.
Ichi (scarification)
Ichi Listenⓘ was a form of facial ritual scarification worn by mainly men of the Igbo people of Nigeria. The scarification indicated that the wearer had passed through initial initiation into the aristocratic Nze na Ozo society, thus marking the wearer as nobility. Echoes of this tradition are found in the contemporary derivative word Ichie, which denotes a member of a class of titled chieftains amongst the Igbo.

Scarification
Scarification involves scratching, etching, burning/branding, or superficially cutting designs, pictures, or words into the skin as a permanent body modification or body art. The body modification can take roughly 6–12 months to heal. In the process of body scarification, scars are purposely formed by cutting or branding the skin by various methods (sometimes using further sequential aggravating wound-healing methods at timed intervals, like irritation). Scarification is sometimes called cicatrization.
Bernhard Crusell
Bernhard Henrik Crusell (15 October 1775 – 28 July 1838) was a Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator, "the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical composer and indeed, – the outstanding Finnish composer before Sibelius".

Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
The Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (Swedish: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland r.f.; abbr. SLS) is a scholarly society for the collection, archiving and dissemination of knowledge about Finland-Swedish culture. SLS publishes scholarly literature, maintains archives and libraries, funds research and awards literary and scholarly prizes and scholarships. SLS's activity is made possible by private donations. SLS is one of the largest managers of private charitable funds in Finland.
Nicodeme Boucher
Nicodeme Boucher (born 20 November 1966) is a Senegalese football coach and former player. With his height, 1.97 meters high at the time, he was known for being the tallest player in the S.League in his time; he was also known for his goalscoring talent.

Réunion Premier League
The Réunion Premier League, also known as Championnat de La Réunion de football, is the top division of football league system in the French overseas territory of Réunion. The league is run and managed by the Réunionese Football League under the watch of the French Football Federation. Réunion Premier League was created in 1950 and the most successful club is JS Saint-Pierroise, who have won 17 league titles. The defending champions are JS Saint-Pierroise. The winner of the competition earns a berth in the CAF Champions League. In the French pyramid system, the Réunion Premier League is positioned in the Division d'Honneur, the sixth level of French football.

The league has produced several professional Ligue 1 players, as well as players who have gone on to have successful careers abroad. Players such as Jean-Pierre Bade, Guillaume Hoarau, Florent Sinama Pongolle, Dimitri Payet, and Jean-Pascal Fontaine all began their careers on the island before achieving success abroad.
Colton railway station
Colton railway station is a railway station on the North Coast railway line in Queensland. It was the junction for the (now closed) Urangan railway line that extended from Colton to Takura, Stockyard Creek, Walligan, Nikenbah, Urraween, Kawungan, Pialba, Scarness, Torquay and finally Urangan and the Urangan Pier in Hervey Bay. Much of the Urangan line has now been removed, as has Colton station itself. It remains a railway siding.

North Coast railway line, Queensland
The North Coast railway line (NCL) is a 1,681-kilometre (1,045 mi) 1067 mm gauge railway line in Queensland, Australia. It commences at Roma Street station, Brisbane, and largely parallels the Queensland coast to Cairns in Far North Queensland. The line is electrified between Brisbane and Rockhampton. Along the way, the 1,680-kilometre (1,040 mi) railway passes through the numerous towns and cities of eastern Queensland including Nambour, Bundaberg, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Mackay and Townsville. The line through the centre of Rockhampton runs down the middle of Denison Street.
Progressive revelation (Christianity)
Progressive revelation is the doctrine in Christianity that the sections of the Bible that were written later contain a fuller revelation of God than the earlier sections. "Progressive revelation does not mean to say that the Old Testament is somehow less true than the New Testament. The progress was not from untruth to truth – it was from less information to more full information."

For instance, the theologian Charles Hodge wrote:

The progressive character of divine revelation is recognized in relation to all the great doctrines of the Bible... What at first is only obscurely intimated is gradually unfolded in subsequent parts of the sacred volume, until the truth is revealed in its fulness.

Revelation
Revelation, or divine revelation, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
Plaza Hotel & Casino
The Plaza Hotel & Casino is a hotel and casino located in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada. It currently has 995 rooms and suites, an 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m2) casino and more than 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of event space. The Plaza Hotel also has a showroom, rooftop swimming pool, fitness center, bingo room, restaurants, a sports bar, and Oscar's Steakhouse, named after the former Mayor of Las Vegas, Oscar Goodman.

Fremont Street Experience
The Fremont Street Experience (FSE) is a pedestrian mall and attraction in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada.  The FSE occupies the westernmost five blocks of Fremont Street, including the area known for years as "Glitter Gulch", and portions of some other adjacent streets.

The central attraction is a barrel vault canopy, 90 ft (27 m) high at the peak and four blocks, or about 1,375 ft (419 m), in length.

While Las Vegas is known for never turning the outside casino lights off, each show begins by turning off the lights on all of the buildings, including the casinos, under the canopy.  Before each show, one bidirectional street that crosses the Experience is blocked off for safety.

Concerts, usually free, are also held on three stages. The venue has become a major tourist attraction for downtown Las Vegas, and is also the location of the SlotZilla zip lines and the city's annual New Year's Eve celebration.
Electoral district of Narungga
Narungga is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It was created by the redistribution of 2016, and was contested for the first time at the 2018 state election. It is named for the Narungga people, who are the traditional owners of the lands in most of the electorate. It is one of two state districts named after South Australia's indigenous people (the other being the electoral district of Kaurna).

Electoral districts of South Australia
Since 1970, the South Australian House of Assembly — the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia — has consisted of 47 single-member electoral districts consisting of approximately the same number of enrolled voters. The district boundaries are regulated by the State Electoral Office, according to the requirements of the South Australian Constitution and are subject to mandatory redistributions by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission in order to respond to changing demographics.
1981–82 Swiss League Cup
The 1981–82 Swiss League Cup was the tenth edition of the Swiss League Cup competition since its introduction in 1972. The first round was played in summer 1981 as a pre-season warm-up to the 1981–82 Swiss football season, round two in September and  the later rounds were played after the winter-break. This was to be the last edition of this competition, as it was discontinued in the next season.

Swiss League Cup
The Swiss League Cup was a football tournament which took place as a summer pre-season tournament in 1972 and 1973, and during the Swiss football season from 1974–75 to 1981–82. The tournament was a knockout competition contested by clubs from the top two levels of Swiss football, the Nationalliga A and Nationalliga B.
HSC '21
Haaksbergse Sport Club 1921, known as HSC '21 is a football club from Haaksbergen, Netherlands. The club, was founded in 1921, is currently playing in the Derde Divisie, the second highest tier of amateur football in the Netherlands.

Haaksbergen
Haaksbergen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦaːksbɛrɣə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the Twente region.

The Buurserbeek flows through the municipality of Haaksbergen.
2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament
The 2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament was the first Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament, an annual event run by the Federación Deportiva de México de Hockey sobre Hielo. It took place in Mexico City, Mexico between March 2 and March 9, 2014. Canada won the tournament, winning all five of its game and defeating Mexico in the gold-medal game. Colombia finished third place after defeating Argentina in the bronze-medal game.

Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament
The Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament (French: Tournois panaméricain de hockey sur glace, Spanish: Torneo Panamericano de Hockey sobre Hielo) was a series of the international ice hockey tournament in the continents of North and South America. The full members of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) are Canada, Mexico and the United States, which participate in the IIHF World Championship. The associate members are Argentina and Brazil, which participate in the IIHF Inline Hockey World Championship. Jamaica is also an IIHF member, but it have not been quoted as potential participants. Several countries have not registered any ice hockey activities are Chile, Ecuador and Venezuela, have only played inline hockey.
Helcogramma ishigakiensis
Helcogramma ishigakiensis is a species of triplefin which is endemic to the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan. It was described by Aoyagi in 1954 as  Lepidoblennius marmoratus ishigakiensis. It was synonymised with Helcogramma inclinata by Ronald Fricke in 1997 but its status as a valid species was reasserted by Satokuni Tashiro in 2014. It is not included in FishBase but is in the Catalog of Fishes.

Triangle triplefin
The triangle triplefin (Helcogramma inclinata) is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Helcogramma. It was described by Henry Weed Fowler in 1946. This species occurs in the western Pacific Ocean in the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan and islands in Batangas province in the Philippines.