hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
487th Fighter Squadron
The 487th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It activated during World War II and was assigned to the 352nd Fighter Group of VIII Fighter Command.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it earned two Distinguished Unit Citations and a French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its combat actions.  Following V-E Day, it returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, on 9 November 1945.

VIII Fighter Command
The VIII Fighter Command  was a United States Army Air Forces unit of command above the wings and below the numbered air force. Its primary mission was command of fighter operations within the Eighth Air Force.  In the World War II European Theater, its primary mission was air superiority.  Its last assignment was with the United States Air Forces in Europe at RAF Honington,

It was formed at Selfridge Field, Michigan in February 1942. In May, the headquarters moved to England to conduct combat operations over Occupied Europe.   After the end of the European War in May 1945, VIII Fighter Command took part in the occupation of Germany until May 1946 while simultaneously coordinating its own demobilization.   It inactivated in March 1946 at RAF Honington, the last Royal Air Force station used by the USAAF to be returned to the British Air Ministry.
History of artificial life
Humans have considered and tried to create non-biological life for at least 3,000 years.  As seen in tales ranging from Pygmalion to Frankenstein, humanity has long been intrigued by the concept of artificial life.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Cruel and unusual punishment
"Cruel and unusual punishment"  is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction.  The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared to the crime.

Humiliation
Humiliation is the abasement of pride, which creates mortification or leads to a state of being humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission. It is an emotion felt by a person whose social status, either by force or willingly, has just decreased. It can be brought about through intimidation, physical or mental mistreatment or trickery, or by embarrassment if a person is revealed to have committed a socially or legally unacceptable act. Whereas humility can be sought alone as a means to de-emphasize the ego, humiliation must involve other person(s), though not necessarily directly or willingly.

Humiliation is currently an active research topic, and is now seen as an important – and complex – core dynamic in human relationships, having implications at intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and international levels.
Den Hoppenhof
Den Hoppenhof is a defunct restaurant in Geldrop in the Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin stars in 1983 and retained that rating until 1985.

The restaurant was closed before 1993.

The villa in which Den Hoppenhof was located is to be demolished and replaced by a new building containing six apartments. The actual building of this project was delayed but due to commence in late 2016. During a fire drill in the empty building, something went wrong and the building burned down.

Head chef in the time of the Michelin stars was Jacques Zeguers.

Geldrop
Geldrop is a town in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is in the municipality of Geldrop-Mierlo, around 5km (3 miles) east of Eindhoven's city centre. Geldrop was a separate municipality until 2004, when it merged with Mierlo.

As of 2023, Geldrop has a population of approximately 29.245 residents.

Geldrop is noted for having a neighbourhood with streets named after characters and elements from the works of J. R. R. Tolkien.
The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.

Emily Cox and Henry Rathvon
Emily Cox and Henry Rathvon are a married, retired American puzzle-writing team. They wrote the "Atlantic Puzzler", a monthly cryptic crossword in  The Atlantic magazine, from September 1977 to October 2009, and wrote cryptic crosswords every four weeks for The Wall Street Journal from 2010 to 2023.

Often published under the pseudonym Hex, Cox and Rathvon are considered pioneers of the American cryptic crossword and remain among the form's greatest exponents.  Their first efforts were inspired by attempts to follow in the footsteps of Stephen Sondheim and Richard Maltby, Jr. at New York magazine.
Forge welding
Forge welding (FOW), also called fire welding, is a solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. It may also consist of heating and forcing the metals together with presses or other means, creating enough pressure to cause plastic deformation at the weld surfaces. The process, although challenging, has been a method of joining metals used since ancient times and is a staple of traditional blacksmithing. Forge welding is versatile, being able to join a host of similar and dissimilar metals. With the invention of electrical welding and gas welding methods during the Industrial Revolution, manual forge-welding has been largely replaced, although automated forge-welding is a common manufacturing process.

Explosion welding
Explosion welding (EXW) is a solid state (solid-phase) process where welding is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of chemical explosives.  This process is often used to clad carbon steel or aluminium plate with a thin layer of a harder or more corrosion-resistant material (e.g., stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium). Due to the nature of this process, producible geometries are very limited. Typical geometries produced include plates, tubing and tube sheets.
Blazing Wheels and Barking Trucks
Blazing Wheels and Barking Trucks is Thrasher magazine's second skate punk release (subtitled "Thrasher's Skaterock Vol. II"). Released in 1984, it was the magazine's first skate rock release on both cassette and LP.

Drunk Injuns
The Drunk Injuns is an American skate punk band formed in 1983. The band members wear masks that resemble Indian ghost warriors. They claim to believe the masks allow them to channel the spirit world to gain control of their bodies and play better music.
Oosterwijzend
Oosterwijzend is a hamlet in the municipality of Drechterland, in the Dutch  province of North-Holland.

Oosterwijzend lays just to the east of where the canal the Wijzend used to bend southwards from Binnenwijzend. To the west of the former Wijzend is Westerwijzend. Nowadays, Oosterwijzend and Westerwijzend are being separated by a paved road beginning in Hoogkarspel. Oosterwijzend is the smaller hamlet of the two, and is formally considered a part of Hoogkarspel.

The occupation of the southern part of the hamlet is mostly agricultural. The northern part is untilled, and borders the Zaandam-Enkhuizen railway. Oosterwijzend has a small industry area, called Zuiderwijzend.

Hoogkarspel
Hoogkarspel (West Frisian: Hougkarspel) is a village in the municipality Drechterland, located in the north west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The name derives from the words hoog (Dutch for "high") and kerspel, a Middle Dutch word for parish.

Hoogkarspel was a separate municipality until 1979, when it was merged into the new municipality of Bangert, which has been renamed to Drechterland in 1980.
Cubic chess
Cubic chess is a chess variant invented by Vladimír Pribylinec beginning with an early version (named Echos) in 1977. The game substitutes cubes for the chess pieces, where four of the faces of each cube display a different chess piece (pawn, knight, bishop and rook), the two other faces are blank and are orientated to the players. This provides an efficient means (rotating the cube on a square) to change a piece's type. Kings and queens have unique cubes containing only their symbol, effectively behaving as normal.

The game begins like standard chess, with a normal 8×8 chessboard, and cubes rotated so that uppermost faces reflect the standard chess starting position.

David Pritchard (chess player)
David Brine Pritchard (19 October 1919 – 12 December 2005) was a British chess player, chess writer and indoor games consultant. He gained pre-eminence as an indoor games and mind sports consultant, a role that he in effect created. A natural games player, it was to him that inventors or publishers would turn to organise a championship of a new game, write about it or generally promote it.

Though nearly a million copies of his chess books have been sold, Pritchard is best known for authoring The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants, in which he describes more than 1400 different variants.

In addition to authoring books on games, Pritchard was editor of Games & Puzzles magazine from 1972 to 1981. He was also a games director for the Mind Sports Organisation, and president of the British Chess Variants Society.
Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1911)
Chikuma (筑摩) was the lead ship in the Chikuma class of protected cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.  Chikuma had two sister ships, Hirado and the Yahagi. Chikuma was named for the Chikuma River in Nagano prefecture.

Chikuma-class cruiser
The three Chikuma-class cruisers (筑摩型防護巡洋艦, Chikuma-gata bōgojun'yōkan) were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. They participated in numerous actions during World War I.

The Chikuma class was the final class of protected cruiser in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and was followed by the Tenryū class of light cruisers.
Bochum-Linden
Bochum-Linden is a district of the City of Bochum in the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. The population's main language was once Westphalian, but it has since been replaced by High German. Bochum-Linden is located in the south west of Bochum, between Dahlhausen and Stiepel. It shares a border with Hattingen, a city of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis.

51°25′32″N 7°09′38″E﻿ / ﻿51.42556°N 7.16056°E﻿ / 51.42556; 7.16056

Dahlhausen
Dahlhausen is a South-Western district of the city of Bochum in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It borders Essen and Hattingen. A large part of the border of Dahlhausen is formed by the river Ruhr. South of the Ruhr is the district of Burgaltendorf of the city of Essen.
Dahlhausen houses the well known railway museum of Dahlhausen. The Dr. C. Otto & Comp. is an old company of international importance.

Bochum-Dahlhausen station is served by Line S 3 of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn. Tram line 318 of the Bochum Stadtbahn connects Dahlhausen to the historical centre of Bochum, which is similar in extent to the district of Gleisdreieck.
Dahlhausen is in a way separate from the rest from the city, keeping a greater continuity than other parts of the city
2003 PlaceMakers V8 International
The 2003 PlaceMakers V8 International was the twelfth round of the 2003 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It was held on the weekend of 7 to 9 November at Pukekohe Park Raceway in New Zealand.

The round was largely dominated once again by Greg Murphy, who took his third consecutive championship round victory at Pukekohe after winning the first two races. Despite entering the round with a sizeable championship lead, Marcos Ambrose struggled throughout the weekend, and forced the championship to be decided at the final round at Eastern Creek.

2003 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2003 V8 Supercar Championship Series was a motor racing series for V8 Supercars. The series, which was the fifth V8 Supercar Championship Series, began on 22 March 2003 in Adelaide and ended on 30 November at Eastern Creek Raceway after 13 rounds. It ended with the awarding of the 44th Australian Touring Car Championship title by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport to Tasmanian driver Marcos Ambrose. It was the first time a Stone Brothers Racing driver had won the championship and marked the first title win by a Ford driver since Glenn Seton in 1997, ending a five-year run by Holden Racing Team.
Youcef Abdi
Youcef Abdi (Kabyle: Yusef Ɛabdi) (born 7 December 1977) is an Australian athlete who specialized in the 3000 m steeplechase. He changed his allegiance from Algeria in 2000.  Since his retirement from athletics he has found a new calling and currently plays soccer in the over 35's division for Waverly Old Boys alongside Socceroos ex-captain Craig Foster and ex-AFL player Adam Goodes.

Kabyle language
Kabyle (/kəˈbaɪl/) or Kabylian (/kəˈbɪliən/; native name: Taqbaylit [θɐqβæjlɪθ] ⓘ) is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people in the north and northeast of Algeria. It is spoken primarily in Kabylia.

Estimating the number of Berber speakers is very difficult and figures are often contested. A 2004 estimate was that 9.4% of the Algerian population spoke Kabyle. The number of diaspora speakers has been estimated at one million.
Chrétien-Siméon Le Prévost d'Iray
Chrétien-Siméon Le Prévost d’Iray (13 June 1768 – 15 September 1849) was a French poet and writer of comedies and vaudevilles.  He was also an educator and historian.

A viscount, the son of Jean-Jacques Le Prévost, lord of Iray and Chauvigny, bodyguard of the king's house, and cavalry captain, Chrétien-Siméon Le Prévost d'Iray lost most of his estate during the French Revolution.

After he collaborated with the Journal des dames et des modes and embarked without much success in the theater, he became a professor of history and censor at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris and general inspector of education.

He was a member of the Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen and, in 1818, became a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres.

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.
Jay Gitlin
Jay Gitlin is an American historian. He is a professor of North American history at Yale University, associate director of the Howard R. Lamar Center for the Study of Frontiers & Borders, and an expert on French North American history. He is also the Coordinator of the Committee on Canadian Studies at the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, a faculty affiliate of the Yale University Native American Cultural Center, and founder of the Yale Journal of Canadian Studies.

Howard R. Lamar
Howard Roberts Lamar (November 18, 1923 – February 22, 2023) was an American historian of the American West. In addition to being Sterling Professor of History Emeritus at Yale University since 1994, he served as President of Yale University from 1992 to 1993.
Freedom of religion in Qatar
In Qatar, the Constitution, as well as certain laws, officially provide for freedom of association, public assembly, and worship "in accordance with the requirements of public order and morality". Notwithstanding this, the law prohibits proselytizing by non-Muslims and places some restrictions on public worship. Islam is the state religion, and challenging this status is punishable by up to ten years in prison. Apostasy from Islam is punishable by the death penalty (although this has never been put into practice), and blasphemy is punishable by up to seven years in prison.

Emir of Qatar
The Emir of the State of Qatar (Arabic: أمير دولة قطر) is the monarch and head of state of Qatar. The emir is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the constitution. The emir holds the most powerful position in the country, controlling all branches of state power, and has a prominent role in foreign relations.

The emirs are members of the House of Thani (Al Thani), whose origins are in the Banu Tamim, one of the largest tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. The current ruler is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who succeeded on 25 June 2013.
Centre for Adult Education
The Centre for Adult Education (CAE), founded in 1947 as the Council of Adult Education, is an adult education institution based in Victoria, Australia. It runs short courses and nationally recognised training, as well as a Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) program. It is a statutory authority under the Education and Training Reform Act 2006. It is partly funded by the state government's Adult Community and Further Education Division.

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
Montresta
Montresta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 594 and an area of 23.8 square kilometres (9.2 sq mi).

In 1746 about fifty Greek families of Maniot descent residing in Cargèse (Corsica) emigrated to Sardinia, where they obtained from Carlo Emanuele III territories in the area of the Villa of San Cristoforo di Montresta to establish their new settlement.

Montresta borders the following municipalities: Bosa, Villanova Monteleone, Padria.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
Treadwheel crane
A treadwheel crane (Latin: magna rota) is a wooden, human-powered hoisting and lowering device. It was primarily used during the Roman period and the Middle Ages in the building of castles and cathedrals. The often heavy charge is lifted as the individual inside the treadwheel crane walks.

Windlass
The windlass /ˈwɪndləs/ is an apparatus for moving heavy weights. Typically, a windlass consists of a horizontal cylinder (barrel), which is rotated by the turn of a crank or belt. A winch is affixed to one or both ends, and a cable or rope is wound around the winch, pulling a weight attached to the opposite end. The Greek scientist Archimedes was the inventor of the windlass. A surviving medieval windlass, dated to 1360 –1400, is in the Church of St Mary and All Saints, Chesterfield. The oldest depiction of a windlass for raising water can be found in the Book of Agriculture published in 1313 by the Chinese official Wang Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty (fl. 1290–1333).
2018 Connecticut House of Representatives election
The 2018 Connecticut House of Representatives election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, to elect members to the Connecticut House of Representatives, one from each of the state's 151 General Assembly districts. The date of this the election corresponded with other elections in the state, including ones for governor, U.S. Senate, and the Connecticut State Senate. Democrats retained control of the House of Representatives, winning 92 seats to the Republicans 59.

Representatives elected would serve a two-year term, beginning in January 2019.

2018 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 2018 United States Senate election in Connecticut took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Connecticut. Incumbent Democrat Chris Murphy sought and won reelection to a second term.

The primary election was held on August 14, 2018, following a June 12 candidate filing deadline. In the November 6, 2018 general election, incumbent Chris Murphy defeated Republican nominee Matthew Corey with over 59% of the vote. Despite this, Corey was the first Republican since 1926 to win the town of Sprague.
Lasseter Family Winery
38°22′59″N 122°31′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.383186°N 122.524988°W﻿ / 38.383186; -122.524988

Lasseter Family Winery is a winery located in Glen Ellen, Sonoma County, California. The winery was founded in 2000 by Pixar film director John Lasseter and his wife, Nancy Lasseter. The winery, once inhabited by the Grand Cru Winery, produces approximately 1,200 cases of French red wine blends annually, with the capacity to produce up to 6,000.

The winery grows Bordeaux and Rhône varietals on 27 acres (11 ha).  One of the Lasseters' winemaking mentors was Jess Jackson, of Kendall-Jackson.

Kendall-Jackson
Kendall-Jackson Vineyard Estates is a vineyard and winery, under the Kendall-Jackson brand, located in Santa Rosa, California in the Sonoma Valley wine country. As of 2010 Kendall-Jackson was the highest-selling brand of "super-premium" wine in the United States, often compared in blind tastings to 1er Cru wines of Volnay, Burgundy.
1966–67 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The 1966–67 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team won UCLA's third NCAA national championship under head coach John Wooden with a win over Dayton. The Bruins went undefeated, winning all 30 games.

In the NCAA West Regional at Corvallis, Oregon, the Bruins beat Wyoming (109–60) and Pacific (80–64). The Final Four was played in Louisville, Kentucky, where UCLA defeated Houston (73–58) and Dayton (79–64).

The Bruins were led by starters Lynn Shackelford, Kenny Heitz, Lew Alcindor, Mike Warren, and Lucius Allen.

The Bruins entered the season ranked number 1, beginning what was then the most consecutive weeks ranked in the AP poll. The streak ended at 221 weeks in January 1980 and has since been surpassed by the Kansas Jayhawks.

Lucius Allen
Lucius Oliver Allen Jr. (born September 26, 1947) is an American former professional basketball player. He is one of only a select few players to have won at least one high school state championship, collegiate national championship, and NBA championship.