hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shigeru Takada
Shigeru Takada (高田 繁; born July 24, 1945 in Osaka, Japan) is a former general manager of the Yokohama DeNA BayStars, and former manager of the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters and the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He was previously an outfielder for the Yomiuri Giants and won the 1968 Central League Rookie of the Year award.

Yokohama DeNA BayStars
The Yokohama DeNA BayStars (横浜DeNAベイスターズ, Yokohama Dī-Enu-Ē Beisutāzu) are a professional baseball team in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. Their home field is Yokohama Stadium, located in central Yokohama. The team has been known by several names since becoming a professional team in 1950. It adopted its current name in 2011, when the club was purchased by software company DeNA.
Minimal-entropy martingale measure
In probability theory, the minimal-entropy martingale measure (MEMM) is the risk-neutral probability measure that minimises the entropy difference between the objective probability measure, , and the risk-neutral measure, . In incomplete markets, this is one way of choosing a risk-neutral measure (from the infinite number available) so as to still maintain the no-arbitrage conditions.

The MEMM has the advantage that the measure  will always be equivalent to the measure  by construction. Another common choice of equivalent martingale measure is the minimal martingale measure, which minimises the variance of the equivalent martingale. For certain situations, the resultant measure  will not be equivalent to .

In a finite probability model, for objective probabilities  and risk-neutral probabilities  then one must minimise the Kullback–Leibler divergence  subject to the requirement that the expected return is , where  is the risk-free rate.

Martingale (probability theory)
In probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process in which the expected value of the next observation, given all prior observations, is equal to the most recent value. In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value. Martingales are used to model fair games, where future expected winnings are equal to the current amount regardless of past outcomes.
Ivan Varshavsky
Ivan Nikolayevich Varshavsky (Russian: Иван Николаевич Варшавский; 10 April 1938 – 3 January 2026) was a Russian engineer and railway track foreman. He was a recipient of the Hero of Socialist Labour (1984).

Varshavsky died in Amur Oblast on 3 January 2026, at the age of 87.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Metro Harbour View
Metro Harbour View (Chinese: 港灣豪庭; Jyutping: gong2 waan1 hou4 ting4) is a private housing estate at the intersection of Tai Kok Tsui Road (Chinese: 大角咀道) and Fuk Lee Street (Chinese: 福利街) in Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong, within walking distance to the MTR Olympic station.

Formerly the Yaumati Ferry shipyard and HYFCO Industrial Building in Tai Kok Tsui, it was jointly developed by Henderson Land Development and Hong Kong Ferry (Holdings) Company Limited in 2003. The development consists of 10 blocks of residential buildings into 2 phases, divided into 3,520 residential units, plus a 2-storey commercial arcade and about 1,100 car parking spaces.

Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry
The Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited (HYF), is a ferry company founded in 1897 in Hong Kong. It is commonly known as Yaumati Ferry. After restructuring the company in 1989, it became a subsidiary of Hong Kong Ferry (Holdings) Company Limited (香港小輪(集團)有限公司).

Its head office is in the northern Tsing Yi.
Mass media in Serbia
The mass media in Serbia refers to mass media outlets based in Serbia. Both state-owned and for-profit corporations operate television, magazines, and newspapers, which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues.

While freedom of speech and freedom of the press are guaranteed by the Constitution of Serbia and the legal system of Serbia, and the media system has seen limited transformation following a decade-long struggle against media repression under the Milošević regime that ended in 2000, multiple factors impede the full functioning of a free and fair press in Serbia. As of 2024, Serbia ranks 98th out of 180 countries in the Press Freedom Index report compiled by Reporters Without Borders, with press freedom described as 'problematic', with the 2024 ranking representing a backsliding in progress, with Serbia dropping down from 59th in 2016.

Radio Television of Serbia
Radio Television of Serbia (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Србије, romanized: Radio-televizija Srbije), or RTS (Serbian: РТС), formerly known as Radio Television Belgrade (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Београд, romanized: Radio-televizija Beograd) or RTB (Serbian: РТБ) from 1958 to 1992, is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music production, and record label (PGP-RTS). It is financed primarily through monthly subscription fees and advertising revenue.
Abell 2061
Abell 2061 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation of Corona Borealis. On a larger scale still, Abell 2061, along with Abell 2065, Abell 2067, Abell 2079, Abell 2089, and Abell 2092, make up the Corona Borealis Supercluster. It has a northeast southwest orientation and Abell 2067 lies 1.8 megaparsecs north of it.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Jillson Square Park
Jillson Square Park is park located in Willimantic, Connecticut. It holds the William Jillson Stone House on its area, and is home to the Willimantic Carnival. The park was created after the Windham Historical Society bought the property in 1972, and gave the area to the Town of Windham Recreation Department for park development. The park was the former land of William Jillson, the creator of the Jillson Mills nearby. The Air Line Trail starts less than 200 feet (61 m) away from here.

Air Line State Park Trail
Air Line State Park Trail is a rail trail and linear state park located in Connecticut. The trail is divided into sections designated South (a 25-mile trail from East Hampton to Windham), North (a 21-mile trail from Windham to Putnam) a piece of the East Coast Greenway, and the Thompson addition (a 6.6-mile trail from Thompson to the Massachusetts state line). An additional 3.6-mile spur to Colchester is sometimes designated as part of the Air Line trail. At the Massachusetts state line, the trail connects to the Southern New England Trunkline Trail, a 22-mile-long trail to Franklin, MA built on the same right-of-way. Since 2018, the town of Portland, Connecticut has also maintained a 2.3-mile portion of the Air Line trail, connecting to the southern end of the state park at the town line with East Hampton.

The United States Department of the Interior recognized the southern section of the Air Line State Park Trail as a national recreation trail in 2002.
Rubane
Rubane is one of the Bijagós Islands in Guinea-Bissau. The island has a population of 165 (2009 census). The island lies northeast of the larger island of Bubaque, across a narrow strait. Administratively, it is part of Bubaque sector, Bolama Region. The island also forms part of the Boloma Bijagós Biosphere Reserve.

Bijagós Islands
The Bijagós Islands, also spelled Bijagos (Portuguese: Arquipélago dos Bijagós) and formerly known as Bissagos, are a group of about 88 islands and islets located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Guinea-Bissau.
B Carinae
The Bayer designations b Carinae and B Carinae are distinct and the designation b Carinae is shared by two stars in the constellation Carina:

for b1 Carinae, see V376 Carinae

for b2 Carinae, see HD 77370

for B Carinae, see HR 3220

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Frumușica, Botoșani
Frumușica is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Boscoteni, Frumușica, Rădeni, Storești, Șendreni and Vlădeni-Deal.

On July 5, 2010, the Danube in Galați recorded a flow rate of 676 cm (76 cm above the rate of flooding) and a flow of 16,055 m/s. At Șendreni, the Siret had a rate of 728 cm (78 cm over the danger level). The local emergency services reinforced the dykes in the afternoon and narrowly averted any additional flooding. It was flooded during the July 2010 flood as was its namesake in Galați County.

Galați
Galați (UK: /ɡæˈlæts/ gal-ATS, US: /ɡɑːˈlɑːts(i)/ gah-LAHTS(-ee), Romanian: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the river Danube. and the sixth-largest of all cities on the river Danube. According to the 2021 census it is the 8th most populous city in Romania. Galați is an economic centre based around the port of Galați, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel factory in Romania, Galați steel works.
Kassel Hauptbahnhof
Kassel Hauptbahnhof is a Deutsche Bahn railway station in the city of Kassel, in the German state of Hesse. Situated in the central borough of Mitte, it is the city's second important railway station after the opening of Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe in 1991; and so it is the only Hauptbahnhof that is not the main station of its city.

Bebra station
Bebra station is a railway station on the German passenger and freight rail network in the northern Hesse town of Bebra. It is a railway junction as well as an intercity stop on the Dortmund–Berlin–Stralsund route. The station was opened in 1846 and quickly became a major transport hub. Bebra then developed into a classic railway town.
Ingham University
Ingham University (previously known as Attica Female Seminary and LeRoy Female Institute) in Le Roy, New York, was the first women's college in New York State and the first chartered women's university in the United States. It was founded in 1835 as the Attica (NY) Female Seminary by Mariette and Emily E. Ingham, who moved the school to Le Roy in 1837. The school was chartered on April 6, 1852, as the Ingham Collegiate Institute, and a full university charter was granted in April 1857.  After financial difficulties, the college closed in 1892 and its property was sold at auction in 1895. Over several years, the college's former buildings were demolished; the stone from the Arts Conservatory, the last campus building to be dismantled, was used to build the Woodward Memorial Library at the same location in Le Roy.

Ingham University was the alma mater of Sarah Frances Whiting, who later founded the physics department and established the astronomical observatory at Wellesley College.

Le Roy, New York
Le Roy, or more commonly LeRoy, is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 7,662 at the time of the 2020 census. The town is named after one of the original land owners, Herman Le Roy. The town lies in eastern Genesee County. Within the town is the village of Le Roy.  The Jell-O gelatin dessert was invented and first manufactured in Le Roy.
Imtiaz Hossain
Imtiaz Hossain (born 24 February 1985) is a first-class and List A cricketer from Bangladesh.

A right-handed batsman and off-break bowler, he made his debut for Sylhet Division in 2001–02. His highest first-class score is 154 for Sylhet Division against Rajshahi Division in 2015–16. His best bowling figures, 3 for 50, came against Khulna Division in 2001–02. His highest List A score is 124 for Sylhet Division against Barisal Division and his best List A bowling figures are 4 for 22 against Chittagong Division in 2001–02.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
Pisal Banda
Phisal Banda is a neighbourhood near Santoshnagar neighbourhood in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is well known for being the site of the historic Paigah Tombs and Phisal Banda Palace of Nawab Zafar Jung Bahadur of Khursheed Jahi Paigah, a rich nobleman and amateur astronomer in Hyderabad, who bought a 6-inch telescope from England in 1901. He installed the telescope on the premises of his Phisal Banda Palace estate in a seven-storey Almirah-type building, in Hyderabad. He named it Nizamiah Observatory after the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Mahboob Ali Khan. Nawab Zafar Jung Bahadur died in 1907 and as per his request, the Nizam's Government took over the observatory. In accordance with his wishes, the administration of the observatory was taken over by the Finance Department of the Nizam's Government in 1908.[2][3] (now Deccan Medical College and Owaisi Hospital are situated at the very same place).

Santoshnagar
Santosh Nagar Colony, or Santoshnagar Colony, is a residential and commercial area in Hyderabad, India. It is located near Saidabad in the Old City of Hyderabad and DRDO laboratories. Hyderabad International Airport is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) or a 30-minute drive away from here. It is divided into two areas, the Old Santoshnagar Colony and New Santoshnagar Colony.  Santoshnagar falls under the Yakutpura assembly constituency, which is represented by All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Legislator Jaffer Hussain Meraj.
Alan Blayney
Alan Blayney (born 9 October 1981) is a retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper and is now the first team goalkeeper coach at NIFL Premiership side Larne.

Beginning his professional career with Southampton in the Premier League where he made three appearances, Blayney had additional loan spells with Stockport County, AFC Bournemouth, Rushden & Diamonds and Brighton & Hove Albion (twice). He then spent just over a year with Doncaster Rovers before having successive quick spells with Oldham Athletic and Bohemians, before returning to his native Northern Ireland with Ballymena United. After one season he moved to Linfield where he won three league titles and three Irish Cups. He subsequently played for Glenavon, Ballymena United again, Dundela, Warrenpoint Town and Ballyclare Comrades before retiring.

He also represented Northern Ireland at international level and under-21 level, winning five caps for both sides.

2010–11 IFA Premiership
The 2010–11 IFA Premiership (known as the Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 3rd season of the IFA Premiership, the highest level of league football in Northern Ireland, and the 110th season of Irish league football overall.

Linfield were champions, winning the league for the 50th time and the 2nd consecutive season.
Hydroxymethyl group
The hydroxymethyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−OH. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2− unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group (−OH). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol. It has the identical chemical formula with the methoxy group (−O−CH3) that differs only in the attachment site and orientation to the rest of the molecule. However, their chemical properties are different.

Hydroxymethyl is the side chain of encoded amino acid serine.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Live at the Fillmore East 2-11-69
Live at the Fillmore East 2-11-69 is a double live album by the Grateful Dead recorded during the Live/Dead tour on February 11, 1969, at the Fillmore East in New York City. The first disc represents the early show that night, the second the late show. The Dead opened for Janis Joplin. This album contains the first Grateful Dead CD release of the Beatles' "Hey Jude".

Live/Dead
Live/Dead is the first official live album (and fourth overall) released by the rock band Grateful Dead. Recorded over a series of concerts in early 1969 and released later the same year, it was the first live rock album to use 16-track recording.

In 2005 the tracks "Dark Star", "St. Stephen", "Death Don't Have No Mercy", "Feedback" and "We Bid You Goodnight" were released, in their original sequence and with a new mix, on the respective February 27, 1969, and March 2, 1969, discs of the Fillmore West 1969: The Complete Recordings box set (the first 1:34 of "Dark Star" can be found on the previous track, "Mountains of the Moon"). "Feedback" and "We Bid You Goodnight" were also released on the triple disc, highlights release Fillmore West 1969.
Nasturtium (plant genus)
Nasturtium (/nəˈstɜːrʃəm/) is a genus of a small number of plant species in the family Brassicaceae (cabbage family) commonly known as watercress or yellowcress. The best known species are the edible Nasturtium officinale and Nasturtium microphyllum. Nasturtium was previously synonymised with Rorippa, but molecular evidence supports its maintenance as a distinct genus more closely related to Cardamine than to Rorippa sensu stricto.

These plants are related to garden cress and mustard, noteworthy for a peppery, tangy (pungent) flavor. The name Nasturtium comes from the Latin nasus tortus, meaning "twisted nose", in reference to the effect on the nasal passages of eating the plants.
Nasturtium foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, including Orthonama obstipata (The Gem).

One species, Nasturtium gambellii, is federally listed in California as an endangered species.

Rorippa
Rorippa is a globally distributed genus in the family Brassicaceae, with species occurring on all continents except for Antarctica. Rorippa species are natively distributed in the Northern Hemisphere through Eurasia and North America, and dispersed into the Southern Hemisphere through long-distance dispersal. Rorippa species are annual to perennial herbs, usually with yellow flowers and a peppery flavour. They are known commonly as yellowcresses.
European route E87
European route E 87 is part of the United Nations international E-road network. It is an important north–south road on the coast of Black Sea, running from Odesa (Ukraine), Tulcea (Romania), Constanţa (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria), Burgas (Bulgaria), Çanakkale (Turkey), İzmir (Turkey) to Antalya (Turkey).

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
93rd Aero Squadron
The 93d Aero Squadron was an Air Service, United States Army unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a Day Pursuit (Fighter) Squadron as part of the 3d Pursuit Group, First United States Army. Its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory. It also attacked enemy observation balloons, and perform close air support and tactical bombing attacks of enemy forces along the front lines. After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron returned to the United States in March 1919 and was demobilized.

The current United States Air Force unit which holds its lineage and history is the 93d Bomb Squadron, assigned to the 307th Operations Group at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.

93rd Bomb Squadron
The 93rd Bomb Squadron, sometimes written as 93d Bomb Squadron, is a squadron of the United States Air Force Reserve. It is assigned to the 307th Operations Group of Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. The squadron is equipped with the Boeing B-52H Stratofortress, and is the Air Force's B-52 Formal Training Unit (F.T.U.).

It is one of two reserve bomber squadrons in the United States Air Force. The 93rd is one of the oldest and most decorated units in the United States Air Force. Its lineage goes back to 1917, and it has been awarded the Presidential Unit Citation- the highest award an American military unit can receive- a total of nine times, along with receiving the presidential citations of the Philippines and South Korea.