hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aposphaerion
Aposphaerion is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Aposphaerion fasciatum (Martins, 1971)

Aposphaerion longicolle Bates, 1870

Aposphaerion nigritum Galileo & Martins, 2010

Aposphaerion punctulatum Martins & Napp, 1992

Aposphaerion unicolor (White, 1855)

Aposphaerion longicolle
Aposphaerion longicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1870. It occurs in French Guiana and the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, and Pará.
Kızılbağ Pond
Kızılbağ Pond (Turkish: Kızılbağ Göleti), also known as Güzelyayla Pond, is an artificial pond in Mersin Province, Turkey.

The pond is in the rural area of Toroslar secondary municipality in  Mersin Province at 37°02′15″N 34°29′27″E﻿ / ﻿37.03750°N 34.49083°E﻿ / 37.03750; 34.49083. The visitors follow the road from Mersin to Kızılbağ and then to another road to Değirmendere. The pond is to the north of the road. The total distance to Mersin is about 35 kilometres (22 mi).
The pond was recently constructed on the upper reaches of Deliçay. The surface area of the pond is 346 hectares (850 acres).

Toroslar
Toroslar is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,075 km2, and its population is 319,711 (2022). It covers the northern part of the city of Mersin and the adjacent countryside.
2007 South Korean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2007. The elections were won by Lee Myung-bak of the Grand National Party, returning conservatives to the Blue House for the first time in ten years. Lee defeated Grand Unified Democratic New Party nominee Chung Dong-young and independent Lee Hoi-chang by a nearly 2-to-1 margin, the largest since direct elections were reintroduced in 1987. It also marked the first time a president-elect in Korea was under investigation by a prosecutor. Voter turnout was 63%, an all-time low according to the National Election Commission.

Presidential elections in South Korea
Since the establishment of the First Republic in 1948, there have been 22 elections for president of South Korea (including the March 1960 election, whose results were invalidated after the April Revolution).

Prior to the Presidential Election Act of 1987, the elections were indirect. Since 1987, the president is elected directly by the public using plurality-with-primaries in a single, non-renewable five-year term.
Buddy Roemer
Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (October 4, 1943 – May 17, 2021) was an American politician, investor, and banker who served as the 52nd governor of Louisiana from 1988 to 1992, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988. In March 1991, while serving as governor, Roemer switched affiliation from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.

Roemer was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party  in 2012. He withdrew from those contests and sought the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be listed on its ballot. Roemer eventually endorsed Libertarian Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico, for president in the 2012 general election.

Roemer served on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization.

Governor of Louisiana
The governor of Louisiana (French: Gouverneur de la Louisiane; Spanish: Gobernador de Luisiana) is the chief executive  of the U.S. state government of Louisiana. The governor also serves as the commander in chief of the Louisiana National Guard. Republican Jeff Landry has held the office since January 8, 2024.
Saccharolobus shibatae
Saccharolobus shibatae is an archaeal species belongs to the phylum Thermoproteota. Saccharolobus shibatae was described for the first time as Sulfolobus shibatae in 1990, after being isolated from geothermal pools in Beppu, Japan. It was transferred from the genus Sulfolobus to the new genus Saccharolobus with the description of Saccharolobus caldissimus in 2018.

Sulfolobus
Sulfolobus is a genus of microorganism in the family Sulfolobaceae. It belongs to the kingdom Thermoproteati of the Archaea domain.

Sulfolobus species grow in volcanic springs with optimal growth occurring at pH 2–3 and temperatures of 75–80 °C, making them acidophiles and thermophiles respectively.  Sulfolobus cells are irregularly shaped and flagellar.

Species of Sulfolobus are generally named after the location from which they were first isolated, e.g. Sulfolobus solfataricus (now recombined as Saccharolobus solfataricus) was first isolated in the Solfatara volcano. Other species can be found throughout the world in areas of volcanic or geothermal activity, such as geological formations called mud pots, which are also known as solfatare (plural of solfatara).
Liu Xin (badminton)
Liu Xin (born 11 June 1990) is a Chinese professional badminton singles player. Born in Benxi, Liaoning, her string of good performances during the 2010 and early 2011 helped her to attain the career-best ranking of 5 in April 2011. She was part of the Chinese team that won gold medals at the 2010 and 2014 World University Championships, and also at the 2014 Asian Games.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Koreans in Germany
Koreans in Germany numbered 80,000 individuals as of 2009, according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Though they are now only the 14th-largest Korean diaspora community worldwide, they remain the second-largest in Western Europe, behind the rapidly growing community of British Koreans. As of 2010, Germany has been hosting the second-largest number of Koreans residing in Western Europe, if one excludes Korean sojourners (students and general sojourners).

The largest community of Koreans is situated in the Frankfurt-Rhine Main Area, with 5,300 residents. This area also contains German and European headquarters of large Korean companies such as Kia Motors, Hyundai, Samsung Electronics, LG International, SK Group, Nexen Tire.

British Koreans
British Koreans (Korean: 재영 한인) are people of Korean ethnic descent who reside in the United Kingdom. They include Korean-born migrants to the United Kingdom and their British-born descendants tracing ancestries from North Korea and South Korea.
DOM-AI
DOM-AI, also known as 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2-aminoindane, is a putative serotonergic psychedelic of the 2-aminoindane family related to DOM. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and the cyclized 2-aminoindane analogue of DOM.

The drug fully substituted for LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests, suggesting that it may have hallucinogenic effects in humans. However, DOM-AI was much less potent than DOM in these tests, with an ED50Tooltip median effective dose of 2.18 mg/kg, which was approximately 1/15th that of DOM. Nonetheless, DOM-AI is still active in showing psychedelic-like effects in animals, in contrast to its analogues DOM-AT and DOM-CR.

DOM-AI was first described in the scientific literature by David E. Nichols and colleagues in 1974.

Other cyclized analogues of DOM and related psychedelics besides DOM-AI, DOM-AT, and DOM-CR include DMCPA, TFMBOX, jimscaline, TCB-2, LPH-5, and ZC-B.

LPH-5 (drug)
LPH-5, also known as (S)-3-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine or as (S)-2C-TFM-3PIP, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and 3-phenylpiperidine families which is under development for potential medical use. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and is the derivative of 2C-TFM in which the β position has been connected to the amine to form a piperidine ring.
John I, Count of Auvergne
John I (died on 24 March 1386) was a member of the House of Auvergne who reigned as Count of Auvergne and Count of Boulogne from 1361 until his death. He was the eldest son of Robert VII, Count of Auvergne and Boulogne, by his second wife, Marie of Dampierre. Auvergne and Boulogne were inherited by John's elder half-brother, William XII, Count of Auvergne, passing to William's only child, Joan, and then to her only child, Philip. When the adolescent Count Philip died following a riding accident, the counties passed to John, his granduncle.

In 1328, John married Joan of Clermont. They had:

Marie married Raymond VII, Viscount of Turenne

John II, succeeded to the counties of Auvergne and Boulogne

Jeanne married Beraud of Auvergne

Philip I, Duke of Burgundy
Philip of Rouvres (1346 – 21 November 1361) was the Count of Burgundy (as Philip II) and Count of Artois (as Philip III) from 1347, Duke of Burgundy (as Philip I) from 1349, and Count of Auvergne and Boulogne (as Philip III) from 1360. He was the only son of Philip, heir to the Duchy of Burgundy, and Joan I, heiress of Auvergne and Boulogne.
BBL Championship
The British Basketball League Championship, often shortened to the BBL Championship, was the top-level men's professional basketball league in the United Kingdom from 1987 until 2024. The competition was administered by the British Basketball League and comprised 10 teams from both England and Scotland. Each team played a 36-game regular season, from September until April, with the team that finished in first place being crowned as League champions.

Following the end of the regular season, the top eight-placed teams used to advance to the postseason Playoffs tournament to decide the winner of the BBL Playoffs.

The BBL used a franchise system, with no promotion or relegation from other leagues, although several clubs have been elected from the English National Basketball League in recent years.

London Towers
London Towers were a professional basketball team based in London, England. They enjoyed considerable success in the 1990s and early 2000s, collecting 3 titles in the British Basketball League (BBL) as well as regularly competing in European competitions such as the Euroleague and EuroCup. They contested a fierce rivalry with fellow London team Greater London Leopards for much of this spell. After several years of decline with financial difficulties and venue issues, owner Costi Zombanakis pulled the first team from the BBL in the summer of 2006, and although the club's second team continued in the regional English Basketball League, the London Towers brand folded in 2009.
2005 Wismilak International
The 2005 Wismilak International was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic, and was part of the Tier III Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It took place at the Grand Hyatt Bali in Bali, Indonesia, from 12 through 18 September 2005. Lindsay Davenport won the singles title.

2005 WTA Tour
The 2005 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2005 tennis season. The 2005 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Islam in Kashmir
Islam is the majority religion practised in Kashmir, with 97.16% of the region's population identifying as Muslims as of 2014. The religion came to the region with the arrival of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, a Muslim Sufi preacher from Central Asia and Persia, beginning in the early 14th century. The majority of Kashmiri Muslims are Sunni Muslims.

They refer to themselves as "Koshur" in their mother language. Non-Kashmiri Muslims in Kashmir include semi-nomadic cowherds and shepherds, belonging to the Gurjar and Bakarwal communities.

Rinchan
Rinchan Shah (Kashmiri: رِنژھن شاہ, Persian: رِنچَن شَاہ; died 25 November 1323), born as Lhachen Rinchan Bhoti and also known by his titular name Sadr'ud-Din Shah, was the founder and the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Kashmir from 1320 to 1323. Originally said to have been a Ladakhi Buddhist, he converted to Islam, becoming the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir.
London Liberal Democrats
The London Liberal Democrats are the regional party of the Liberal Democrats that operates in Greater London. The organisation is a part of the English Liberal Democrats. The party holds 6 of the 75 seats representing London in the House of Commons, 2 of the 25 seats in the London Assembly, and 182 of the 1,817 London borough councillors. Additionally, the party controls 3 of the 32 London borough councils.

2022 London local elections
The 2022 London local elections took place on 5 May 2022, as part of the 2022 United Kingdom local elections. All London borough councillor seats were up for election. Mayoral elections took place in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham and Tower Hamlets, with Croydon electing a mayor for the first time following a local referendum in October 2021.

The election saw Labour gain majority control of Barnet, Wandsworth and Westminster councils whilst the Conservatives gained majority control of Harrow Council and the Aspire Party gained control of Tower Hamlets Council, both from Labour. Labour also lost Croydon Council to no overall control. Of the four existing mayoralties, Labour held three but lost the position of mayor of Tower Hamlets to Lutfur Rahman of the Aspire Party, who had previously been removed from the same office after being found guilty of "corrupt or illegal practices" by an election court. The Conservative candidate Jason Perry won the newly created Croydon mayoralty.
Historical dynamics
Historical dynamics broadly includes the scientific modeling of history.  This might also be termed computer modeling of history, historical simulation, or simulation of history - allowing for an extensive range of techniques in simulation and estimation.  Historical dynamics does not exist as a separate science, but there are individual efforts such as long range planning, population modeling, economic forecasting, demographics, global modeling, country modeling, regional planning, urban planning and many others in the general categories of computer modeling, planning, forecasting, and simulations.

Some examples of "large" history where historical dynamics simulations would be helpful include; global history, large structures, histories of empires, long duration history, philosophy of history, Eurasian history, comparative history, long-range environmental history, world systems theory, non-Western political and economic development, and historical demography.

Microsimulation
Microsimulation is the use of computerized analytical tools to perform analysis of activities such as highway traffic flowing through an intersection, financial transactions, or pathogens spreading disease through a population on the granularity level of individuals. Synonyms include microanalytic simulation and microscopic simulation. Microsimulation, with its emphasis on stochastic or rule-based structures, should not be confused with the similar complementary technique of multi-agent simulation, which focuses more on the behaviour of individuals.

For example, a traffic microsimulation model could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of lengthening a turn lane at an intersection, and thus help decide whether it is worth spending money on actually lengthening the lane.
Recycling in the United States
There is no national law in the United States that mandates recycling. State and local governments often introduce their own recycling requirements. In 2014, the recycling/composting rate for municipal solid waste in the U.S. was 34.6%. A number of U.S. states, including California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont have passed laws that establish deposits or refund values on beverage containers while other jurisdictions rely on recycling goals or landfill bans of recyclable materials. Recent data has shown that despite expanded recycling programs, the United States recycles only a small fraction of its plastic waste. A 2023 analysis found that less than 6% of post-consumer plastics were actually recycled, with the majority ending up in landfills or incineration facilities.

Materials recovery facility
A materials recovery facility, recycling center, recycling factory, materials reclamation facility, materials recycling facility or multi re-use facility (MRF, pronounced "murf") is a specialized waste sorting and recycling system  that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers. Generally, the main recyclable materials include ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal, plastics, paper, glass. Organic food waste is used to assist anaerobic digestion or composting. Inorganic inert waste is used to make building materials. Non-recyclable high calorific value waste is used to making refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and solid recovered fuel (SRF).
Sélibaby (department)
Sélibaby is a department of Guidimaka Region in of southern Mauritania.

Located in the southern part of the country near the Senegal and Mali borders, it serves as an important administrative and economic center for the region. Sélibaby is part of the Sahel zone and features a semi-arid climate, with a rainy season that supports limited agricultural activities.

The city is known for its multicultural population, reflecting a blend of ethnic groups, including the Soninke, Fulani, and Wolof. It plays a key role in cross-border trade and serves as a hub for local markets, education and healthcare services.

Guidimaka itself is divided into several department or administrative subdivisions, with Sélibaby been the most prominent one.

Departments of Mauritania
Moughataas (Arabic: مقاطعات, romanized: muqāṭaʿāt) or departments (French: départements) are the second-level administrative subdivision of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

There are 63 departments in Mauritania as of 2023.
Philopatium
41°01′48″N 28°55′12″E﻿ / ﻿41.030°N 28.920°E﻿ / 41.030; 28.920

Philopatium or Philopation (Greek: Φιλοπάτιον) was the name of a palace and region outside the walls of the Byzantine capital Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey), known for its parks and gardens.

According to 11th-century accounts, it was located north of Constantinople, just outside the Blachernae walls. Competing accounts place it seaward of the Golden Gate.

Blachernae
Blachernae (Medieval Greek: Βλαχέρναι) was a suburb in the northwestern section of Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire. It is the site of a water source and a number of prominent churches were built there, most notably the great Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (Panagia Blacherniotissa), built by Empress Pulcheria in c. 450, expanded by Emperor Leo I (r. 457–474) and renovated by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) in the 6th century.
National Highway 161A (India)
National Highway 161A, commonly as NH 161A, is a National Highway running through states of Karnataka and Maharashtra, with a total length 507 Kilometres that connects Akot, Maharashtra to  Bidar, Karnataka. National Highway 161A joins the cities of  Akot, Akola, Barshitakli, Mangrulpir, Manora, Digras, Arni, Mahur, Kinwat, Himayatnagar, Mudkhed, Waghala, Mukhed, Maharashtra–Karnataka border in central southern India with each other. It is an auxiliary route of National Highway 61.

Nanded
Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred from him to Guru Granth Sahib. One of the  Panj Takhts of Sikhi, Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom became Banda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of the Khalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of the Mughal Empire.
2015 PDC World Youth Championship
The 2015 PDC Unicorn World Youth Championship was the fifth edition of the PDC World Youth Championship, a tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation for darts players aged between 16 and 23.

The knockout stages, from the last 64 to the semi-finals, were held in Wigan on 19 October 2015. The final took place on 29 November 2015, preceding the final of the 2015 Players Championship Finals, which was broadcast live on ITV4.

Keegan Brown was the defending champion but he was eliminated in the first round by Rowby-John Rodriguez in a rematch of the 2014 final.

The championship final was contested between Max Hopp and Nathan Aspinall at the Butlins Minehead Resortin Minehead, with Hopp securing a 6-5 victory.

Butlin's Minehead
Butlins Resort Minehead is a holiday camp operated by Butlins, located in Minehead in Somerset, England. It opened in 1962 and remains in use today. It was known as Butlin's Minehead until 1987, and as Somerwest World from then until 1999, when it reopened as Butlins Minehead Resort.
Bounded quantification
In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted ("bounded") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type. Bounded quantification is an interaction of parametric polymorphism with subtyping. Bounded quantification has traditionally been studied in the functional setting of System F<:, but is available in modern object-oriented languages supporting parametric polymorphism (generics) such as Java, C# and Scala.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).