hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
People's Army for the Restoration of Democracy
The People's Army for the Restoration of Democracy (French: L’Armée Populaire pour la restauration de la démocratie abbr. APRD) was a rebel group operating in the northwest of the Central African Republic. The APRD was formed in 2006 following the 2003 coup which overthrew President Ange-Félix Patassé.  It is one of several groups which fought in the 2004-2007 Central African Republic Bush War.  Initially claiming it wished to overthrow current CAR President François Bozizé, the APRD was the last of the three rebel coalitions to engage in the 2007 peace process.  The group participated in the 2008 Inclusive Peace Dialog, and in early 2009 entered a coalition government with Bozizé and other civil and military oppositions groups.

Ouham-Pendé
Ouham-Pendé is one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. Its capital is Bozoum.

The prefecture covers an area of 18,520 km² and, according to official estimates, its population was 254,649 inhabitants in 2024. At the time of the country's last official census, in 2003, the population was 430,506 inhabitants in an area of 32,100 km². These are data from before December 2020, when part of the territory was dismembered to create the Lim-Pendé prefecture.

In the north it has a border with Cameroon and Chad. In the south is the prefecture Ombella-Mpoko, in the south-west the prefecture Nana-Mambéré and in the east the prefecture Ouham.

The region has contained several ghost towns such as Goroumo due to government forces ransacking them and armed bandits killing all the male inhabitants over the years from 2005 to 2008.
Paonta Sahib Assembly constituency
Paonta Sahib Assembly constituency is one of the 68 constituencies in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh a northern state of India. Paonta Sahib is also part of Shimla Lok Sabha constituency.

Shimla Lok Sabha constituency
Shimla Lok Sabha constituency (formerly, Simla Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. The seat is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.
Luis Resto (musician)
Luis Edgardo Resto (born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and keyboardist who has worked closely with rapper Eminem since his third major-label album The Eminem Show. He is of Puerto Rican descent and was raised in Garden City, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

Proof (rapper)
DeShaun Dupree Holton (October 2, 1973 – April 11, 2006), known professionally as (M.C.) Proof, was an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. During his career, he was a member of the groups 5 Elementz, Funky Cowboys, Promatic, Goon Sqwad, and D12. He was a close childhood friend of rapper Eminem, who also lived in Detroit. Proof was often a hype man at Eminem's concerts.
Atget (crater)
Atget crater is distinctive on the planet Mercury's surface due to its dark color. Atget crater is located within Caloris basin, near Apollodorus crater and Pantheon Fossae. The dark color of the floor of Atget is in contrast to other craters within Caloris basin that exhibit bright materials on their floors, such as the craters Kertész and Sander. Other craters on Mercury, such as Bashō and Neruda, have halos of dark material but the dark material does not cover the crater floors.

A confirmed dark spot is present in Atget.

The crater's name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2008, shortly after its discovery on the first flyby of MESSENGER. It is named for the French photographer Eugène Atget.

Closeup of Atget also from MESSENGER

Atget crater in exaggerated color

Caloris Planitia
Caloris Planitia /kəˈlɔːrɪs pləˈnɪʃ(i)ə/ is a plain within a large impact basin on Mercury, informally named Caloris, about 1,550 km (960 mi) in diameter. It is one of the largest impact basins in the Solar System. "Calor" is Latin for "heat" and the basin is so-named because the Sun is almost directly overhead every second time Mercury passes perihelion. The crater, discovered in 1974, is surrounded by the Caloris Montes, a ring of mountains approximately 2 km (1.2 mi) tall.
Patriotas Fútbol Club
Patriotas Fútbol Club, simply known as Patriotas, is a Paraguayan football club based in Hernandarias, Alto Paraná.

Initially, they played in its regional league, the Liga Hernandariense de Fútbol (equivalent to the Fourth Division), but since 2022 they had also begun participating in the Primera B Nacional (equivalent to the Third Division).

Alto Paraná Department
Alto Paraná (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalto paɾaˈna]; Upper Paraná) is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Ciudad del Este (formerly known as Puerto Presidente Stroessner, originally Puerto Flor de Lis).

The Alto Paraná department has experienced tremendous economic and population growth in the past 50 years. Most of this growth has been concentrated in the department capital of Ciudad del Este, and mainly occurred after the construction of the Puente de la Amistad bridge in 1961, which connects Paraguay and Brazil. This department is home to the Itaipu power plant, which supplies 95% of the energy consumed by Paraguay, and the Acaray Dam. Several ecological reserves, a zoo and the Taiwanese-Paraguayan Technology Park are situated in this department.

The city of Presidente Franco was the first city founded in this department. Several important agricultural establishments are centered in the region of Minga Guazú which is home of the Guarani International Airport.
1988 US Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tournament at the 1988 US Open was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez won the title, defeating Rick Leach and Jim Pugh by walkover in the final.

1988 US Open (tennis)
The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, New York. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988.
Common Base Event
Common Base Event (CBE) is an IBM implementation of the Web Services Distributed Management (WSDM) Event Format standard. IBM also implemented the Common Event Infrastructure, a unified set of APIs and infrastructure for the creation, transmission, persistence and distribution of a wide range of business, system and network Common Base Event formatted events.

Web Services Distributed Management
Web Services Distributed Management (WSDM, pronounced wisdom) is a web service standard for managing and monitoring the status of other services.

The goal of WSDM is to allow a well-defined network protocol for controlling any other service that is WSDM-compliant.  For example, a third-party digital dashboard or network management system could be used to monitor the status or performance of other services, and potentially take corrective actions to restart services if failures occur.  Some aspects of WSDM overlap or displace functionality of SNMP.
Ghost Town (2008 film)
Ghost Town is a 2008 American fantasy comedy film directed by David Koepp, who also co-wrote the screenplay with John Kamps.  It stars English comedian Ricky Gervais in his first leading feature-film role, as a dentist who can see and talk with ghosts, along with Téa Leoni as a young widow and Greg Kinnear as her recently deceased husband. Gavin Polone produced the film for Spyglass Entertainment and Pariah, and it was distributed by Paramount Pictures under the DreamWorks Pictures label.

Spyglass Media Group
Spyglass Media Group, LLC is an American independent film and television production and finance company based in Los Angeles, California.

The company was founded by Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum on August 21, 1998, as Spyglass Entertainment and became dormant on February 10, 2012. In the wake of the sexual abuse allegations that involved former TWC chairman Harvey Weinstein, Spyglass was relaunched on March 13, 2019 in conjunction with Lantern Entertainment.
Lalitha Kumari (pastor)
M. S. G. Lalitha Kumari a.k.a. Lalitha Krupa Rao (1 June 1942 – 25 September 2013) was the eighth Principal of Eva Rose York Bible Training and Technical School for Women, Tuni.  She held the term from 1993 through 2011.  Lalitha was a theologically trained woman who also used to pastor a Church.  With her ordination in 1992, she became the first Woman priest in the Protestant Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars.

Canadian Baptist Ministries
Canadian Baptist Ministries (CBM; French: Ministères Baptistes Canadiens) is a mainline Protestant and Baptist denomination in Canada. It is a member of the Baptist World Alliance. The headquarters is located in Mississauga, Ontario.
Craig Emerson
Craig Anthony Emerson (born 15 November 1954) is an Australian economist and former politician. A member of the Australian Labor Party, he served as the Australian House of Representatives Member for the Division of Rankin in Queensland from 1998 until 2013. Emerson also served as Minister for Trade and Competitiveness, Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, Science and Research and Minister for Competition Policy, Small Business and Consumer Affairs in the Rudd and Gillard Governments.

First Rudd ministry
The first Rudd ministry (Labor) was the 64th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 26th Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. The first Rudd ministry succeeded the fourth Howard ministry, which dissolved on 3 December 2007 following the federal election that took place on 24 November which saw Labor defeat John Howard's Liberal–National Coalition. The ministry was replaced by the first Gillard ministry on 24 June 2010 following the resignation of Rudd as Prime Minister after a successful leadership challenge by Julia Gillard.
Richard Lockwood Boulton
Richard Lockwood Boulton (c. 1832–1905) was an English sculptor who founded the firm Messrs R. L. Boulton & Sons. It was centred in Cheltenham, England, and built monuments made of iron and stone in the United Kingdom.

Chapel of St Non
The Chapel of St Non is located on the coast near St David's in Pembrokeshire, West Wales. Held by tradition to mark the birthplace of St David, the ruin cannot be accurately dated but is unusual in that it is aligned north–south rather than the usual east–west. Near to the ruined chapel is a retreat, a modern chapel and a holy well. The site was protected in the 1950s and is now the responsibility of the Welsh Heritage organisation Cadw.
Jean Mouton
Jean Mouton (c. 1459 – 30 October 1522) was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was famous both for his motets, which are among the most refined of the time, and for being the teacher of Adrian Willaert, one of the founders of the Venetian School.

Heinrich Glarean
Heinrich Glarean also styled Henricus Glareanus (born as Heinrich Loriti on 28 February or 3 June 1488 – 28 March 1563) was a Swiss music theorist, poet, humanist, philosopher and cartographer. He was born in Mollis (in the canton of Glarus, hence his name) and died in Freiburg im Breisgau.
May 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
May 20 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 22

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on June 3 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For May 21st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on May 8.

Collen
Collen was a 7th-century monk who gave his name to Llangollen (from the Welsh llan meaning 'enclosure' and gollen being a mutation of "Collen").

Collen is said to have served for some time abroad as a soldier. He later arrived in Llangollen by coracle and founded a church beside the river there. As there are no other churches in Wales dedicated to Collen, it is possible that this Saint Collen may also have connections in both Colan, Cornwall, where Colan Church is dedicated to him, and Langolen, Brittany. There are legendary Lives connecting him with Wales, Rome and Glastonbury, but nothing is known for certain about him, though from the dedication of a church to him in Brittany it may be conjectured that he resided for some time in that country.
Tong District
Tong (Kyrgyz: Тоң району, romanized: Tong rayonu) is a district of Issyk-Kul Region in north-eastern Kyrgyzstan. The seat lies at Bökönbaev. Its area is 7,230 square kilometres (2,790 sq mi), and its resident population was 53,401 in 2021. Tong District borders Issyk-Kul District to the north-west, Jeti-Ögüz District to the south and south-east, Kochkor District to the south-west, Naryn District to the south, Kemin District to the north-west, and Issyk Kul - to the north.

Jeti-Ögüz District
Jeti-Ögüz (Kyrgyz: Жети-Өгүз, IPA: [t͡ɕetʰɪ́ ɵɣʉ́s]; lit. 'Seven Bulls') is a district of Issyk-Kul Region in north-eastern Kyrgyzstan. Its seat lies at Kyzyl-Suu. Its area is 14,499 square kilometres (5,598 sq mi), and its resident population was 93,392 in 2021. It comprises much of the eastern end of the Terskey Ala-Too Range.
Allan Hills
The Allan Hills (76°42′S 159°42′E﻿ / ﻿76.700°S 159.700°E﻿ / -76.700; 159.700) are a group of hills, mainly ice free and about 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) long, lying just north-west of the Coombs Hills near the heads of Mawson Glacier and Mackay Glacier in the Oates Land and Victoria Land regions of Antarctica.

Mackay Glacier
Mackay Glacier (76°58′S 162°0′E﻿ / ﻿76.967°S 162.000°E﻿ / -76.967; 162.000) is a large glacier in Victoria Land, descending eastward from the Antarctic Plateau, between the Convoy Range and Clare Range, into the southern part of Granite Harbour. It was discovered by the South magnetic pole party of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09, and named for Alistair Mackay, a member of the party. The glacier's tongue is called Mackay Glacier Tongue. First mapped by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 and named for Alistair F.
Mackay, a member of the party.
Its mouth is south of the Evans Piedmont Glacier and the Mawson Glacier.
It is north of the Wilson Piedmont Glacier and the Ferrar Glacier.
Serra de la Vall d'àngel
Serra de la Valldàngel or Serra de la Vall d'Àngel, (Spanish: Sierra de la Valdancha, also known as Sierra de Valdancha), is a mountain range in the Baix Maestrat comarca, Castellón Province, Valencian Community, Spain.

Its highest summit is Tossal d'en Canes (715 m), being slightly higher than neighboring Talaies d'Alcalà's highest summit. Another important peak is 520 m high El Cavall.

The range is named "Valley of the Angel" after the Ermita de la Mare de Déu dels Àngels de Sant Mateu, a church on a hill dedicated to the Virgin Mary of the angels. Its southern and southeastern limit is within Alcalà de Xivert's municipal term. The Talaies d'Alcalà mountains form a natural boundary at the southeastern end of the range.

Baix Maestrat
Baix Maestrat (Valencian: [ˈbajʒ maesˈtɾat]; Spanish: Bajo Maestrazgo [ˈbaxo maesˈtɾaθɣo]) is a coastal comarca located in the north of the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The capital of the comarca is Vinaròs.
Bristowia heterospinosa
Bristowia heterospinosa is a species of jumping spider from Asia. It was first found on Krakatau, but later also in Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Korea and Japan.

Although it was the only species in its genus until 2004, when a second species was found in Africa, it is quite often found in habitats such as garden litter.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Swimming at the 1960 Summer Paralympics – Men's 25 metre backstroke juniors incomplete class 2
The Men's 25 metre backstroke juniors incomplete class 2 was one of the events held in swimming at the 1960 Summer Paralympics in Rome.

As there were only two competitors, both men were guaranteed a medal if they finished the race. Karlberg of Norway did so in 26.8s to take gold with a clear lead; Jarrige of France finished in 46.8s to take silver.

Swimming at the 1960 Summer Paralympics
Swimming at the 1960 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events, 32 for men and 30 for women.

Each race had no more than three competitors so every swimmer completing a race was guaranteed a medal. All the swimmers successfully completed their races, and every swimmer at the Games therefore earned a medal.
Číž (surname)
Číž (feminine: Čížová) is a Czech and Slovak surname. It refers to the Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus). A diminutive form of the surname is Čížek. The surname is also related to the Polish cognate Czyż and to the Belarusian cognate Chyzh. Notable people with this surname include:

Adam Číž (born 1991), Czech basketball player

Miroslav Číž (1954–2022), Slovak politician

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Natrona County High School
Natrona County High School (NCHS) is a public secondary school (grades 9–12) located in Casper, Wyoming, United States. It serves Natrona County School District #1, which encompasses all of Natrona County, Wyoming.

The school remains a rival of Kelly Walsh High School, one of Casper's other two high schools along with Roosevelt High School.  A fourth nearby high school is Midwest School in Midwest, Wyoming.

Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a federal program sponsored by the United States Armed Forces in high schools and also in some middle schools across the United States and at US military bases across the world. The program was originally created as part of the National Defense Act of 1916 (Army JROTC) and later expanded (Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force) under the 1964 ROTC Vitalization Act.  The Coast Guard was added in 1989 under P.L. 101-225. The Space Force established its first unit in 2019.
Hantzsch ester
Hantzsch ester refers to an organic compound with the formula HN(MeC=C(CO2Et))2CH2 where Me = methyl (CH3) and Et = ethyl (C2H5). It is a light yellow solid. The compound is a 1,4-dihydropyridine. It is named after Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch who described its synthesis in 1881. The compound is a hydride donor, e.g., for reduction of imines to amines.  It is a synthetic analogue of NADH, a naturally occurring dihydropyridine.

1,4-Dihydropyridine
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH=CH)2NH.  The parent compound is uncommon, but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a class of L-type calcium channel blockers used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known.
Temsah 4
The Temsah 4 is an Egyptian MRAP armoured personnel carrier with a growth vehicle weight (GVW) of 15 tonnes including a 4 tonnes payload. Kader factory for Developed Industries, a member of the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI), unveils Temsah 4 (4×4) armored vehicle during EDEX 2021, the Egypt defense exhibition EDEX that was held in Cairo from 29 November to 2 December 2021. It is optimized for special operations and security forces.

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle
Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle (MRAPV), also known as MRAP vehicle, is a type of armoured personnel carrier that is designed specifically to withstand the impact of land mines, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, and ambushes to save troops' lives. Most modern infantry mobility vehicles also have a certain level of MRAP capabilities.
Skellefte River
The Skellefte River (Swedish: Skellefteälven or Skellefte älv; Pite Sami: Seldutiedno; Ume Sami: Syöldateiednuo) is a river in northern Sweden; one of the major Norrland rivers.

Geographically, it starts in Norrbotten County in the Swedish province Lappland, where it drains the lakes Hornavan, Uddjaur and Storavan near Arjeplog. Then, it goes south-east into Västerbotten County, passing through the town Skellefteå (which has given it its name), and finally discharging in the Gulf of Bothnia, in the province of Västerbotten. There are several tributaries to the river, with the largest ones named: Malån, Petikån, Finnforsån, Bjurån and Klintforsån.

It is one of the major northern Swedish rivers, with a length of 410 kilometers. Like many large northern rivers, it produces hydro power with some fifteen power stations.

Salmons and trouts are being put out to compensate for the water power plants, and the river and its tributary are all popular destinations for fishers.

Storavan
Storavan is a lake in Norrbotten County, Lapland, Sweden, southeast of Lake Uddjaure, 421 metres (1,381 ft) above sea level.

There is a bird reserve near Storavan, which is a breeding site for red-necked grebe.
Secondary education in Scotland
Secondary education in Scotland can take up to 6 years, covering ages 11 to 16, from S1 to S6. Education is not compulsory after the age of 16, the age of majority in Scots law.

Note: Some ages vary because of the child's birth year.

In Scotland, students transfer from primary to secondary education at 11 or 12 years old. Pupils usually attend the same secondary school as their peers, as all secondaries have 'intake primaries'. Pupils attend either a non-denominational school or a Roman Catholic school, according to their family's beliefs. Pupils in Scotland attend the same secondary school throughout their education; no sixth form colleges operate in Scotland, as in other countries in the United Kingdom.

Fifth year
Fifth Year refers to the fifth year of schooling in secondary schools in Scotland and Ireland. It was also the traditional term for the same year group in England and Wales, until about 1990 when most schools replaced it with Year Eleven and Year Twelve. It is also equivalent to 11th grade.
Outline of artificial intelligence
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the scientific field which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior.

Question answering
Question answering (QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language.

A question-answering implementation, usually a computer program, may construct its answers by querying a structured database of knowledge or information, usually a knowledge base. More commonly, question-answering systems can pull answers from an unstructured collection of natural language documents.

Some examples of natural language document collections used for question answering systems include reference texts, compiled newswire reports, Wikipedia pages and other World Wide Web pages.