hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Udumbara (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, udumbara (Pali, Sanskrit; lit. 'auspicious flower from heaven') refers to the tree, flower and fruit of the Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata).  In Buddhist literature, this tree or its fruit may carry the connotation of rarity and parasitism. It is also mentioned in Vedic texts as the source of wood for rituals and amulets.

The uḍumbara is also used to refer to the flower of the blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea Sav.).

Sutta Nipata
The Sutta Nipāta (lit. 'Section of the Suttas') is a Buddhist scripture, a sutta collection in the Khuddaka Nikaya, part of the Sutta Pitaka of  the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. Sutta Nipata  is a collection of discourses of Buddha. It is part of an early corpus of Buddhist literature. Robert Chalmers explains that sutta means a consecutive thread of teaching and Hermann Oldenberg explained that nipata denotes a small collection.
Paley construction
In mathematics, the Paley construction is a method for constructing Hadamard matrices using finite fields. The construction was described in 1933 by the English mathematician Raymond Paley.

The Paley construction uses quadratic residues in a finite field GF(q) where q is a power of an odd prime number.  There are two versions of the construction depending on whether q is congruent to 1 or 3 modulo 4.

Solomon W. Golomb
Solomon Wolf Golomb (/ɡəˈloʊm/ gə-LOHM; May 30, 1932 – May 1, 2016) was an American mathematician, engineer, and professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California, best known for his works on mathematical games. He most notably invented Cheskers (a hybrid between chess and checkers) in 1948. He also fully described polyominoes in 1953. He specialized in problems of combinatorial analysis, number theory, coding theory, and communications. Pentomino board games, based on his work, would go on to inspire Tetris.
Rhigosaurus
Rhigosaurus glacialis is a species of therocephalian therapsid. Its fossilized remains have been found in the Fremouw Formation of Antarctica and Australia. Part of a juvenile skull was found near Mount Kenyon, Antarctica. The holotype of the partial skull shows evidence of promiment upper and lower canine teeth.

The genus name Rhigosaurus comes from the Greek rhigos, meaning cold, and sauros, meaning lizard or reptile. The name was coined by Edwin Harris Colbert and James William Kitching, who described the species in 1981 based on a fossil found in 1970-1971. They described it as robust and small in size. The fossil skull was 36 mm (1.4 in) long and 26 mm (1.0 in) across at the widest point.

Modern paleontologists such as Christian Sidor consider the species a nomen dubium. Sidor describes it as an "indeterminate juvenile baurioid" and suggests that the name Rhigosaurus be discontinued.

Fremouw Formation
The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of the Ross Depenency of Antarctica. It contains the oldest known fossils of tetrapods from Antarctica, including synapsids, reptiles and amphibians. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude.
Fenshen
Fenshen (Chinese: 分身; lit. 'divide the body') or fenxing 分形 ("divide the physical form") was a legendary Daoist and fangshi Master of Esoterica technique for multilocation, that is, transforming or multiplying one's body into two or more identical versions. A famous story about fenshen concerns general Cao Cao ordering the execution of the alchemist Zuo Ci, who when taken into prison playfully divided himself into multiple Master Zuos, thus bamboozling the guards and escaping death.

Fangshi
Fangshi (Chinese: 方士; pinyin: fāngshì; lit. 'method master') were Chinese technical specialists who flourished from the third century BCE to the fifth century CE. English translations of fangshi include alchemist, astrologer, diviner, exorcist, geomancer, doctor, magician, monk, mystic, necromancer, occultist, omenologist, physician, physiognomist, technician, technologist, thaumaturge, and wizard.
Joseph L. Romano
Colonel Joseph L. Romano III is an officer in the United States Air Force and one of 26 American nationals charged by Italian authorities with the 2003 kidnapping of Italian resident cleric Hassan Nasr as part of an alleged covert CIA operation. Romano was subsequently convicted in absentia of kidnapping. On 5 April 2013, Giorgio Napolitano, the President of the Italian Republic, pardoned Romano.

Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present. In absentia is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its interpretation varies by jurisdiction and legal system.

In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation of a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, audi alteram partem (hear the other party).

In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, absentia is a recognized and accepted defense strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country.
South Korean television dramas in the Philippines
In 2003, South Korean dramas began broadcasting in the Philippines. Successful Story of a Bright Girl was the first Korean drama aired in Philippine television. For more than two decades, GMA Network has aired a significant number of Filipino-dubbed Korean dramas broadcast in the Philippines.

Poong, the Joseon Psychiatrist
Poong, the Joseon Psychiatrist (Korean: 조선 정신과 의사 유세풍) is a South Korean television series broadcast by tvN, starring Kim Min-jae in the title role, along with Kim Hyang-gi and Kim Sang-kyung. Based on the novel of the same title that won the Excellence Award in the 2016 Korea Story Contest, it depicts the stories of psychiatrists in Joseon. The first season aired from August to September 2022 with a total of 12 episodes. The second season aired from January to February 2023 with a total of 10 episodes. It is also available for streaming on Viu in selected regions.
1915–16 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1915–16 English football season, Brentford competed in the London Combination. In the first season of non-competitive wartime football during the First World War, the Bees finished in mid-table in each of the leagues run by the London Combination.

The Football Combination
The Football Combination was a football competition for the reserve teams of English Football League clubs from Southern England, the Midlands and Wales; other clubs from the Midlands and those from the North playing in the Central League (it is not to be confused with the Combination, a league for teams from North West England which existed at the turn of the 20th century).
2025–26 Men's Belgian Hockey League
The 2025–26 Men's Belgian Hockey League is the 106th season of the Men's Belgian Hockey League, the top men's Belgian field hockey league.

The season started on 7 September 2025 and will conclude on 25 May 2025 with the second match of the championship final. Gantoise is the three-time defending champions.

2025–26 Men's Euro Hockey League
The 2025–26 Men's Euro Hockey League is the 19th edition of the Men's Euro Hockey League, Europe's men's premier club field hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation.

The first round was held from 9 to 12 October 2025 in Barcelona, Spain and the final 8 will be held from 2 to 6 April 2026 in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Gantoise are the defending champions, having won their first title in the previous season.
Caste system in Kerala
The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. While the Indian caste system generally modeled the four-fold division of society into Brahmins,  Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, in Kerala, the Nambudiri Brahmins formed the priestly class and only rarely recognized anyone else as being other than Shudra or untouchables, the latter being outside the caste system entirely. Thus, the Kerala caste system was ritualized but it was not the varna model found elsewhere. In Southern India, only in Kerala did there appear warrior lineages approximate to the Kshatriya model.These warriors never lost their identity as sudras.

Cyriac Pullapilly
Cyriac K. Pullapilly (June 15, 1932 – December 17, 2017) was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a former priest of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and a professor of history at Saint Mary's College, Indiana.
Broke (2009 film)
Broke is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Rosvita Dransfeld and released in 2009. The film centres on the friendship between David Woolfson, a pawn shop owner in Edmonton, Alberta, and Chris Hoard, an ex-convict who volunteers as an assistant to Woolfson in the shop.

The film premiered at the 2009 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, and was screened at the 2009 Vancouver International Film Festival and the 2009 Global Visions Film Festival, before having its television premiere on March 3, 2010 as an episode of TVOntario's documentary series The View from Here.

The film won the Donald Brittain Award for Best Social or Political Documentary Program at the 25th Gemini Awards in 2010.

Hoard was again featured in Dransfeld's 2014 film Anti-Social Limited, which was a Donald Brittain Award nominee at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016.

Donald Brittain Award
The Donald Brittain Award is a Canadian television award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to honour the year's best television documentary on a social or political topic. Formerly presented as part of the Gemini Awards, since 2013 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. The award may be presented to either a standalone broadcast of a documentary film, or to an individual full-length episode of a news or documentary series; documentary films which originally premiered theatrically, but were not already submitted for consideration in a CSA film category before being broadcast on television, are also considered television films for the purposes of the award.

The award is named in honour of Donald Brittain, a pioneering Canadian documentary filmmaker. On one occasion to date, the award has been won by a documentary film about Brittain and his importance to the history of Canadian documentary film.
1973 Intercontinental Cup
The 1973 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 28 November 1973, between Juventus, runners-up of the 1972–73 European Cup, and Independiente, winners of the 1973 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. It was Juventus' first appearance in the competition and Independiente's fourth appearance after the defeats against Internazionale in 1964 and 1965 and against Ajax in 1972. Despite initially refusing to participate in the competition, Juventus replaced Ajax as the representative UEFA team in the competition after Ajax, as the European champions declined to contest a possible meeting in South America officially for financial reasons. The Cup was played in a single match instead of a two-legged final, as happened in the previous and following years until 1979.

1979 Intercontinental Cup
The 1979 Intercontinental Cup was an association football final played on a two-legged system. It was the last time in the history of the tournament that this format was used before Toyota became the main sponsor in 1980 and a single-game final was held each year in Japan. The final was played between Olimpia Asunción of Paraguay (winners of the 1979 Copa Libertadores) and Malmö FF of Sweden (runners-up of the 1978–79 European Cup), with Olimpia emerging as the champion after a 3–1 aggregate score win. Malmö FF took its place as the runners-up of the European competition since the European champions Nottingham Forest declined to play the final.
Marco Amabili
Marco Amabili is a Changjiang chair professor in the School of Engineering at Westlake University in Hangzhou, China. He is also an Emeritus Distinguished James McGill professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Canadian Academy of Engineering
The Canadian Academy of Engineering (French: L'Académie canadienne du génie) is a national academy of distinguished professional engineers in fields of engineering, who are elected on the basis of "their distinguished service and contribution to society, to the country and to the profession". Founded in 1987, the academy has over 750 Fellows. 
The academy's 36-year history has been published on their website.
Mount Ciremai
Mount Ciremai (also spelled Cereme or Ciremay) is a dominating symmetrical stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. It is located to the southwest of the major town of Cirebon.  Mt Ciremai is strikingly visible towards the south from the main west–east corridor (Jakarta-Surabaya) rail link along the north coast of Java. It is the highest point in West Java.

Linggadjati Agreement
The Linggadjati Agreement (Linggajati in modern Indonesian spelling) was a political accord concluded on 15 November 1946 by the Dutch administration and the unilaterally declared Republic of Indonesia in the village of Linggajati, Kuningan Regency, near Cirebon in which the Dutch recognised the republic as exercising de facto authority in Java, Madura, and Sumatra.
Icelandic Film Centre
The Icelandic Film Centre (Icelandic: Kvikmyndamiðstöð Íslands) is a public institution that was established in 2001. The Film Centre provides grants from the Icelandic Film Fund and assists in the promotion of Icelandic films abroad. The staff of the Film Centre work to ensure that Icelandic films are shown at film festivals abroad. The Minister of Education appoints the director for a five-year term. The current director is Laufey Guðjónsdóttir.

The Film Act states that the tasks of the Icelandic Film Centre are to:

Support the production and distribution of Icelandic films.

Promote the promotion, distribution and sale of Icelandic films in Iceland and abroad and gather information about Icelandic films and publish them.

Promote film culture in Iceland.

Promote increased communication with foreign parties in the field of film.

Cinema of Iceland
Iceland has a notable cinema film industry, with many Icelandic actors and directors having gone on to receive international attention. The most famous film, and the only one to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best International Feature, is Börn náttúrunnar (Children of Nature), a 1991 film directed by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson. This  brought Icelandic cinema to the international scene, which has since grown, with films such as Nói Albínói (Noi the Albino) by Dagur Kári, heralded as descendants of the Icelandic film tradition.

The annual Edda Awards are the national film awards of Iceland.
HCPCS Level 2
HCPCS Level II codes are alphanumeric medical procedure codes, primarily for non-physician services such as ambulance services and prosthetic devices. They represent items, supplies and non-physician services not covered by CPT-4 codes (Level I). Level II codes are composed of a single letter in the range A to V, followed by 4 digits. Level II codes are maintained by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). There is some overlap between HCPCS codes and National Drug Code (NDC) codes, with a subset of NDC codes also in HCPCS, and vice versa. The CMS maintains a crosswalk from NDC to HCPCS in the form of an Excel file. The crosswalk is updated quarterly.

Procedure code
Procedure codes are a sub-type of medical classification used to identify specific surgical, medical, or diagnostic interventions. The structure of the codes will depend on the classification; for example some use a numerical system, others alphanumeric.
Peter Hoyt Brown
Peter Hoyt Brown (October 16, 1936 – December 12, 2017) was a politician who held office as an at-large council member in the city of Houston, Texas. Known locally as "Peter Brown," he was a candidate for the 2009 Houston mayoral race, to succeed then Mayor Bill White, who vacated the position due to term limits. Although an independent poll conducted by 11 News/ KUHF Houston Public Radio poll in late October 2009 showed Brown holding the lead in the mayor's race with a nine-point lead over his nearest opponent, he was eliminated in the November 3, 2009, election.

Bill White (Texas politician)
William Howard White (born June 16, 1954) is an American attorney, businessman and politician who was the 60th mayor of Houston from 2004 to 2010. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Texas in the 2010 election, in which he lost to Republican Rick Perry. Before serving as Mayor, White was an attorney and businessman and served as U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1995. White is on the membership roster of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Bangaarada Panjara
Bangaarada Panjara (pronunciationⓘ transl. Golden Cage) is a 1974 Indian Kannada-language comedy film directed by debutant V. Somashekhar and co-produced by actor Raja Shankar. It starred Dr. Rajkumar in the lead role along with Aarathi, K. S. Ashwath, Pandari Bai and Lokanath. The movie saw a theatrical run of 25 weeks.

The core plot of the movie is based on the Vasant Sabnis's Marathi play Ekta Jeev Sadashiv which had earlier been adapted into a 1972 Marathi movie of the same name starring Dada Kondke. The 2000 Hindi movie Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain is based on the Marathi movie and this movie. The movie was remade in Telugu in 1978 as Dudu Basavanna starring Chalam with Pandari Bai reprising her role. This was actor Chalam's fourth remake of Rajkumar movie after Bhale Jodi, Mayor Muthanna and Sampathige Savaal.

Mayor Muthanna
Mayor Muthanna (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1969 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Siddalingaiah. The film stars Dr. Rajkumar and Bharathi. The film was Siddalingaiah's debut as a director and actor Dwarkish's first independent production venture who had earlier co- produced the 1966 movie Mamatheya Bandhana with 2 other people under Thunga Pictures. The sub-plot of the film regarding the salvaging of the sub-standard grain was inspired by the 1886 novel The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy. However, apart from this small episode, neither any plot point nor any sequence was borrowed from that novel. The movie was remade in Telugu in 1974 as Chairman Chalamayya starring Chalam.
2026 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 2026 New Zealand Grand Prix (officially known as the NAPA 70th New Zealand Grand Prix) was an event for open wheel racing cars held at Highlands Motorsport Park in Cromwell, Otago on 1 February 2026. It was the seventieth New Zealand Grand Prix and utilised Formula Regional cars. The event served as the final race of the 2026 Formula Regional Oceania Trophy.

The race was won by New Zealander Zack Scoular while Hitech TGR drivers Jin Nakamura and Kanato Le rounded out the podium. Nakamura achieved pole position earlier that weekend while Scoular took fastest lap honours during the race.

Elsewhere, Ugo Ugochukwu would take the 2026 Formula Regional Oceania Trophy title, becoming the first American in the series' history to do so.

New Zealand Grand Prix
The New Zealand Grand Prix, sometimes known as the New Zealand International Grand Prix, is an annual motor racing event held in New Zealand. First held in 1950, it is best known for hosting rounds of the Tasman Series in the 1960s and 1970s. It is currently run as the signature race of the Formula Regional Oceania Championship.

It is one of only two current national Grand Prix events that are not part of the Formula One World Championship, the other being the Macau Grand Prix.
Clemens Fuest
Clemens Fuest (born 23 August 1968) is a German economist who has been President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research and director of the Center for Economic Studies at the University of Munich (LMU) since 2016.

Center for Economic Studies
The Center for Economic Studies (CES) is an independent institute within the Faculty of Economics at LMU Munich.

It promotes the international exchange of knowledge and ideas in public finance and other areas of economics. CES invites visiting scholars to conduct their research in Munich, Germany, and to give short a lecture series in return.

Since its founding in 1991, over 670 academics have visited CES, establishing the basis for the CESifo Research Network. The work of CES is supported and supervised by an advisory council of fourteen international experts.

In 1994 CES also became the co-publisher of Economic Policy, Europe's leading academic journal in this field.
James Till
James Edgar Till OC OOnt FRS FRSC (August 25, 1931 – May 18, 2025) was a Canadian biophysicist at the University of Toronto, best known for demonstrating – in a partnership with Ernest McCulloch – the existence of stem cells.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Begonia rubrobracteolata
Begonia rubrobracteolata is a species of Begonia was found in the forests of Sarawak, Borneo, where 28 other Begonia species live. The discovery was found in 2016 by S.Julia & C.Y.Ling . The small plant grows on sandstone boulders and do well in shaded areas. This herb, which is critically endangered, was found on one site of forest conversion.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
History of architecture and art in Milan
The architectural and artistic presence in Milan represents one of the attractions of the Lombard capital. Milan has been among the most important Italian centers in the history of architecture, has made important contributions to the development of art history, and has been the cradle of a number of modern art movements.

Giovanni Battista Crespi
Giovanni Battista Crespi (23 December 1573 – 23 October 1632), called Il Cerano, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect. He is one of the most prominent of the Milanese artists of the early 17th century whose work represents a transitional phase between Mannerism and Baroque. He was highly esteemed in his day and patronized by the Fabbrica of Milan Cathedral, the civic authorities and highly distinguished private patrons, such as the Borromeo and Gonzaga families and the House of Savoy.