hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Gilpin (priest)
William Gilpin (4 June 1724 – 5 April 1804) was an English artist, Church of England cleric, schoolmaster and author. He is most notable as a travel writer and as one of those who originated the idea of the picturesque.

Nicholas Crane
Nicholas Crane (born 6 May 1954) is an English geographer, explorer, writer and broadcaster. Since 2004 he has written and presented four television series for BBC Two: Coast, Great British Journeys, Map Man and Town.
Richard Grayson (artist)
Richard Grayson (born 1958) is a British artist, writer and curator. His art practice encompasses installation, video, painting and performance. He investigates ways that narratives shape our understandings of the world. His art and curatorial practice focus on narrative and the visual arts, belief systems and material expression, and ways cultural practices allow translation between the subjective and social/political realms.

Suzanne Treister
Suzanne Treister (born 1958) is a British para-disciplinary contemporary artist based in London. Her works are known for being conceptually oriented around emerging technologies. An ongoing focus of her work is the relationship between new technologies, society, alternative belief systems and the potential futures of humanity.
Baldwin DS-4-4-1000
The Baldwin DS-4-4-1000 were two models of four-axle 1,000 horsepower (746 kW) diesel–electric switcher locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1946 and 1951. The first models (56 locomotives) were powered by an 8-cylinder normally aspirated prime mover, but from 1948, a change was made to the second model powered by a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine. These two models replaced the VO-1000 in Baldwin's catalogue, and were in turn replaced by the S-12 in 1951.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
River Quoich
The River Quoich is a tributary of the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It flows in a generally southerly direction and is about 15 km long (including its upper reaches, known as Quoich Water, above the confluence with the Allt an dubh-ghlinne). The clachan of Allanaquoich is situated just above the river's confluence with the Dee. Near Allanaquoich is the Linn of Quoich, a waterfall through a narrow ravine, over which there is a bridge at the narrowest part. Near the bridge is the Earl of Mar's Punch Bowl: a natural hole in a rock midstream that was literally used as a punchbowl after hunting deer in the neighbouring forest. The river joins the Dee about 11⁄2 miles or 21⁄2 km west of Braemar.

The Linn of Quoich has been the site of several deaths in recent years, including those of an overworked, suicidal male doctor and a ten-year-old girl who fell into the river and drowned.

Braemar
Braemar /breɪˈmɑːr/ ⓘ is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles (93 km) west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. It is the closest significantly-sized settlement to the upper course of the River Dee, sitting at an elevation of 339 metres (1,112 ft).

The Gaelic Bràigh Mhàrr properly refers to the area of upper Marr (as it literally means), i.e. the area of Marr to the west of Aboyne, the village itself being Castleton of Braemar (Baile a' Chaisteil in Scottish Gaelic). The village used to be known as Cinn Drochaid ('bridge end'); Baile a' Chaisteil referred to only the part of the village on the east bank of the river, the part on the west bank being known as Ach an Droighinn ('thorn field').
Resolution (beam engine)
Resolution was an early beam engine, installed between 1781 and 1782 at Coalbrookdale as a water-returning engine to power the blast furnaces and ironworks there. It was one of the last water-returning engines to be constructed, before the rotative beam engine made this type of engine obsolete.

Coalbrookdale Museum of Iron
The Coalbrookdale Museum of Iron is one of ten Ironbridge Gorge Museums administered by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust. The museum is based in the town of Coalbrookdale in the Ironbridge Gorge, in Shropshire, England, within a World Heritage Site, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.
Tatra-Yug
Tatra-Yug (Russian: Татра-Юг, Tatra-South) is a Ukrainian tram manufacturer that rents the facilities of Pivdenmash in Dnipro. The company was founded in 1993 to assemble Tatra T6B5 trams of Czech manufacturer ČKD Tatra, after their bankruptcy in early 2000's Tatra-Yug began to produce trams designed in house.

ČKD
ČKD (Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk, 'Czechia-Moravia Kolben-Daněk'; Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskomorafskaː ˈkolbɛn ˈdaɲɛk]) was one of the largest engineering companies in the former Czechoslovakia and today's Czech Republic. It is famous for the Tatra T3, a tramcar that sold 13,991 units worldwide.
Avenida Arequipa
Arequipa Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Arequipa) is one of the main avenues of Lima, Peru. It extends from north to south through the districts of Lima, Lince, San Isidro and Miraflores along 52 blocks. It has a bike path located along its entire central berm.

Integrated Transport System
The Integrated Transport System for Lima and Callao (Spanish: Sistema Integrado de Transporte de Lima y Callao; SIT) is an urban public transportation system that operates in the Lima metropolitan area, made up of the Peruvian cities of Lima and Callao. Its administration is in charge of the Urban Transport Authority (ATU).
Cubanopyllus
Cubanopyllus is a monotypic genus of Caribbean ground spiders containing the single species, Cubanopyllus inconspicuus. It was first described by G. Alayón G. & Norman I. Platnick in 1993, and has only been found in Cuba.

Ground spider
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with about 2,500 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans.
Outline of business management
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to business management:

Business management – management of a business – includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising business operations. Management is the act of allocating resources to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively; it comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.

For the general outline of management, see Outline of management.

Cost
Cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this case, money is the input that is gone in order to acquire the thing. This acquisition cost may be the sum of the cost of production as incurred by the original producer, and further costs of transaction as incurred by the acquirer over and above the price paid to the producer. Usually, the price also includes a mark-up for profit over the cost of production.

More generalized in the field of economics, cost is a metric that is totaling up as a result of a process or as a differential for the result of a decision.  Hence cost is the metric used in the standard modeling paradigm applied to economic processes.

Costs (pl.) are often further described based on their timing or their applicability.
Rail replacement bus service
A rail replacement bus service replaces a passenger train service on a temporary or permanent basis. The train service that is replaced may be of any type such as light rail, tram, streetcar, commuter rail, regional rail or heavy rail inter-city passenger service. The railway service may be replaced if the line is closed because of rail maintenance, a breakdown of a train, a rail accident or a strike action; it may simply provide additional capacity or if the railway service is deemed not economically viable.

Terms for a rail replacement bus service include  bustitution (a portmanteau of the words "bus" and "substitution", or bustitute) and bus bridge. Substitution of rail services by buses can be unpopular and subject to criticism, so the term bustitution is often used pejoratively.

Inter-city rail
Inter-city rail services are express trains that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services. This is most prevalent in Europe because of the proximity of its 50 countries to a 10,180,000-square-kilometre (3,930,000-square-mile) area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples. In many European countries, the word InterCity or Inter-City is an official brand name for a network of regular-interval and relatively long-distance train services that meet certain criteria of speed and comfort. That use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated.
Pandan Arang Stadium
The Pandan Arang Stadium is a multi-use stadium in the village of Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. It is used mostly for football matches and as the home stadium for Persebi Boyolali. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000. In 2018, the local government had planned to relocate the stadium.

Boyolali Regency
Boyolali (Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦪꦭꦭꦶ, romanized: Boyalali, lit. 'Don't forget') is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the eastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,096.61 km2, and had a population of 930,531 at the 2010 census and 1,062,713 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,099,850 (comprising 552,325 males and 547,525 females). The administrative centre is the town of Boyolali.
Mother McAuley Liberal Arts High School
Mother McAuley Liberal Arts High School is an all-girls Catholic high school located in the Mount Greenwood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois at 3737 West 99th Street.  It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.

Catherine McAuley
Catherine Elizabeth McAuley, RSM (29 September 1778 – 11 November 1841) was an Irish Catholic religious sister who founded the Sisters of Mercy in 1831. The women's congregation has always been associated with teaching, especially in Ireland, where the sisters taught Catholics (and at times Protestants) at a time when education was mainly reserved for members of the established Church of Ireland.
Kostas Tsimikas
Konstantinos "Kostas" Tsimikas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Τσιμίκας; born 12 May 1996) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Serie A club Roma, on loan from Premier League club Liverpool, and the Greece national team.

Tsimikas began his professional career at Olympiacos, winning two Super League Greece titles while also having loan spells with Esbjerg and Willem II. He joined Liverpool in 2020, helping the team to successes in the Premier League, FA Cup and EFL Cup. Tsimikas made his senior international debut for Greece in 2018.

Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.
George Pappas
George Sotiros Pappas (4 May 1942-3 September 2025) is a professor of philosophy at Ohio State University.  Pappas specializes in epistemology, the history of early modern philosophy, philosophy of religion and metaphysics. He is of Greek and English origin.

He is the author of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on "Internalist versus Externalist" conceptions of epistemic justification.

He was co-editor (with Marshall Swain) of Essays on Knowledge and Justification (1978), an anthology of essays relating to the Gettier problem used as a core text in undergraduate epistemology courses.

Pappas is an editorial consultant of Berkeley Studies.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Caroline (given name)
Caroline is a feminine given name, originally a French feminine form of the masculine name Charles. It has been in common use in the Anglosphere since the 1600s. The name was first used among upper class English families in honor of Charles I of England and his son Charles II of England. Common nicknames and variations include Callie, Cara,  Carol, Carole, Carolina, Carolyn, Carly, Carrie, and Caz.

Princess Caroline of Monaco
Princess Caroline of Monaco (born 23 January 1957) is Princess of Hanover by marriage to Prince Ernst August. As the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly, she is the elder sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Princess Stéphanie.

She was Hereditary Princess of Monaco and heir presumptive to the Monegasque throne from her birth in 1957 until her brother Albert was born the following year, and again from Albert's accession in 2005 until the birth of his twins, her niece Gabriella and nephew Jacques, in 2014.
AdventHealth Field
AdventHealth Field, formerly known as "Cook Field" and "Peoples Bank Field", is a stadium on the campus of Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas, United States.

The facility is primarily used by the Ottawa Braves football, lacrosse, soccer, and track and field teams.

The field turf was added in 2007 and the facility is considered one of the best of its kind in the United States for small college football.

The stadium is also used for local high school sporting events and other community events.

Ottawa University
Ottawa University (OU) is a private university with its main campus in Ottawa, Kansas, United States. It also has a second residential campus in Surprise, Arizona, and adult campuses in the Kansas City and Milwaukee metropolitan areas, as well as online. It was founded in 1865 and is affiliated with the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and the American Baptist Churches USA. The residential campus in Ottawa has a student enrollment of more than 875 students, while the OUAZ campus in Surprise has more than 900. In total, Ottawa University serves more than 4,000 students across all of its campuses and online.
Lagoon 410
The Lagoon 410 is a French sailboat that was designed by Van Peteghem/Lauriot-Prevost as a cruiser and first built in 1997.

The boat replaced the 1994 Lagoon 42 in the company product line and the original 410 was replaced by an updated version, the Lagoon 410-S2.

VPLP design
VPLP Design (Van Peteghem Lauriot-Prévost) is a French-based naval architectural firm founded by Marc Van Peteghem and Vincent Lauriot-Prévost, responsible for designing some of the world's most innovative racing boats. Their designs presently hold many of the World Speed Sailing records.
Kishtwar Assembly constituency
Kishtwar Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Kishtwar is also part of Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency.

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Dogri: 𑠑𑠢𑠹𑠢𑠰 𑠙𑠳 𑠊𑠧𑠹𑠢𑠮𑠤 𑠊𑠺𑠝𑠰𑠝 𑠀𑠩𑠳𑠷𑠠𑠥𑠮 (in Dogri)); (Kashmiri: جۆم تہٕ کٔشیٖر مَجلِسہِ قۄنوٗن سٲزی (in Perso-Arabic), 𑆘𑆾𑇌𑆩𑇀 𑆠 𑆑𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀 𑆩𑆘𑇀𑆬𑆴𑆱𑇀-𑆅 𑆑𑇊𑆾𑇋𑆳𑆤𑆷𑆤𑇀 𑆱𑆃𑆘𑇊𑆵 (in Sharada)) is the unicameral legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. At present, it consists of 95 members, directly elected from 95 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The current 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
Daniel F. Murphy House
The Daniel F. Murphy House in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story, Neoclassical structure with Renaissance decorative elements. The house features a sandstone facade and was completed in 1908 by owner Daniel F. Murphy. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Daniel F. Murphy, a stonemason in Boise, was responsible for masonry work in many local and regional buildings, including the Idaho State Capitol, St. John's Cathedral, the Montandon Building, Boise High School, the Owyhee Hotel, and the Davenport Hotel.

Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Boise, Idaho)
The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, also known simply as St. John's Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral and parish church in the western United States, settled in the state capital of Boise, Idaho. It is the seat of the Diocese of Boise and the Bishop of Boise. The church building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was included as a contributing property of the St. John's Cathedral Block when the rest of the parish buildings on Block 90 were also added four years subsequently to the Domestic Register of Historic Places in 1982. That same year, the parish buildings were included as a contributing property in the surrounding neighborhood of the Fort Street Historic District.
Germán Pezzella
Germán Alejo Pezzella (Spanish pronunciation: [xeɾˈman aˈlexo peˈsela]; born 27 June 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Argentine Primera División club River Plate and the Argentina national team, with whom he won the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

2014 Copa Sudamericana
The 2014 Copa Sudamericana (officially the 2014 Copa Total Sudamericana for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, South America's secondary international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. Lanús were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Cerro Porteño in the round of 16.

In the finals, Argentine team River Plate defeated Colombian team Atlético Nacional 3–1 on aggregate to win their first title, and earned the right to play in the 2015 Recopa Sudamericana and the 2015 Suruga Bank Championship.
Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad
The Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad was a  3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge passenger-carrying shortline railroad between East Boston and Lynn, Massachusetts, from 1875 to 1940. Part of the railroad's right of way now forms the outer section of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Blue Line rapid transit service.

Eastern Railroad
The Eastern Railroad was a railroad connecting Boston, Massachusetts to Portland, Maine. Throughout its history, it competed with the Boston and Maine Railroad for service between the two cities, until the Boston & Maine put an end to the competition by leasing the Eastern in December 1884. Much of the railroad's main line in Massachusetts is used by the MBTA's Newburyport/Rockport commuter rail line, and some unused parts of its right-of-way have been converted to rail trails.
Elaeus (Argolis)
Elaeus or Elaious (Ancient Greek: Ἔλαιοῦς) was a town in ancient Argolis mentioned only in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus and by Stephanus of Byzantium. From the statement of the former writer we may conclude that it could not have been far from Lerna, since, according to Greek mythology, Heracles, after he had succeeded in cutting off the immortal head of the Hydra, is said to have buried it by the side of the way leading from Lerna to Elaeus.

The site of Elaeus is tentatively located west-southwest of modern Speliotaki (Spiliotaki).

Lerna
In classical Greece, Lerna (Greek: Λέρνα or Λέρνη) was a region of springs and a former lake located in the municipality of the same name, near the east coast of the Peloponnesus, south of Argos. Even though much of the area is marshy, Lerna is located on a geographically narrow point between mountains and the sea, along an ancient route from the Argolid to the southern Peloponnese; this location may have resulted in the importance of the settlement.

Its site near the village Mili at the Argolic Gulf is most famous as the lair of the Lernaean Hydra, the chthonic many-headed water snake, a creature of great antiquity when Heracles killed it, as the second of his labors. The strong Karstic springs remained; the lake, diminished to a silt lagoon by the 19th century, has vanished.

Lerna is notable for several archaeological sites, including an Early Bronze Age structure known as House of the Tiles, dating to the Early Helladic period II (2500–2300 BC).
Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test
The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness. The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system. There are several variations of the test, one featuring 100 color hues and one featuring 15 color hues. Originally taken in an analog environment with physical hue tiles, the test is now taken from computer consoles. An accurate quantification of color vision accuracy is particularly important to designers, photographers and colorists, who all rely on accurate color vision to produce quality content.

International Commission on Illumination
The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationale de l'éclairage, but historically abbreviated ICI in English) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900. It is based in Vienna, Austria.