hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amorphophallus yaoi
Amorphophallus yaoi is a small to medium sized species of the genus Amorphophallus, endemic to Panay and the Romblon Islands of the Philippines. It belongs to the arum family (Araceae). The spadix is thin and tall to about 40 centimetres (16 in), while the spathe is oval-shaped, around 25–30 centimetres (9.8–11.8 in) long and 22–28 centimetres (8.7–11.0 in) wide.: 7  The species name honors botanist George C. Yao.

Amorphophallus
Amorphophallus is a large genus of some 200 tropical and subtropical tuberous herbaceous plants from the arum family (Araceae), native to Asia, Africa, Australia and various oceanic islands. The genus includes the Titan arum (A. titanum) of Indonesia, which has the largest inflorescence in the genus, and is known as the 'corpse flower' for the pungent odour it produces during its flowering period, which can take up to seven years of growth before it occurs.

A few species are edible as "famine foods" after careful preparation to remove irritating chemicals.
John Barker (RAF officer)
Air Vice Marshal John Lindsay Barker CB, CBE, DFC (12 November 1910 – 7 May 2004) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and the following years. He was the second Commander of the Royal Ceylon Air Force during the early 1960s.

Signals from chiefs of staff to Barker in his capacity as commander Shield Force relating to the re-establishment of British administration in Hong Kong are held in the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London.

Commander of the Air Force (Sri Lanka)
The commander of the Air Force is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Air Force.  The current commander of the Air Force is Air Marshal Vasu Bandu Edirisinghe. It is a position comparable to that of chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Air Force. The chief of staff of the Air Force acts as a deputy commander within the command structure.

All serving air force commanders have been of the rank of air marshal, promoted to the honorary rank of air chief marshal on retirement.
James H. Hayes
James H. Hayes (1855/1858 – January 28, 1917) was an American lawyer and civil rights activist primarily active in Richmond, Virginia. Hayes taught in Richmond schools and co-founded the African-American newspaper the Richmond Planet in the early 1880s, before he left to attend Howard University School of Law. Following his graduation, Hayes returned to Richmond and served on the Richmond City Council from 1886 to 1890.

After moving to Washington, D.C., around 1898, Hayes remained active in Virginia politics, filing lawsuits which challenged voter restrictions in the 1902 Virginia State Constitution. He was also active in the national civil rights movement, drawing attention for his militant statements and opposition to Booker T. Washington.

Maggie L. Walker
Maggie Lena Walker (née Draper Mitchell; July 15, 1864 – December 15, 1934) was an American businessperson and teacher. In 1903, Walker became both the first African-American woman to charter a bank and the first African-American woman to serve as a bank president. As a leader, Walker achieved successes with the vision to make tangible improvements in the way of life for African Americans. Disabled by paralysis and a wheelchair user later in life, Walker also paved the way for people with disabilities.

Along with her leadership of the Independent Order of St. Luke, Maggie Walker was also involved with the NAACP, The National Association of Colored Women, the National Urban League and National Negro Business League, and the United Order of Tents.

Walker's restored and furnished home in the historic Jackson Ward neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia has been designated a National Historic Site, operated by the National Park Service.
John Hudson (bishop)
Christianity portal

Wilfrid John Hudson CBE, AKC, (12 June 1904 – 16 February 1981) was the fourth Bishop of Carpentaria.

He was born on 12 June 1904, educated at Brighton College and trained for the priesthood at King's College London and ordained in 1932 After a curacy at St Barnabas, Pimlico he went to Australia where he was Principal of the Brotherhood of the Good Shepherd in Dubbo and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Bathurst. Returning to England he was Curate of All Saints, Woodham then Rector of Letchworth until his appointment to the episcopate. He was consecrated a bishop on 21 September 1950 by Reginald Halse, Archbishop of Brisbane, to serve as diocesan Bishop of Carpentaria. After ten years in northern Australia he became bishop coadjutor of Brisbane,  until his retirement in 1973. He died on 16 February 1981.

Associateship of King's College
The Associateship of King's College (AKC) award was the degree-equivalent qualification of King's College London from 1833. It is the original qualification that King's awarded to its students. In current practice, it is an optional award, unique to King's College London, that students can study in addition to their degree proper. After successfully completing the AKC course, participants may apply to be elected by the Academic Board of King's College London as an 'Associate of King's College' (AKC). Once their election has been ratified, they are permitted to use the post-nominal letters "AKC" along with their main qualification.
Gofukakusa-in no shōshō no naishi
Gofukakusa-in no shōshō no naishi (Japanese: 後深草院 少将 内侍 died: around 1265), (also Shōshō no Naishi) was a Japanese poet during the Kamakura period. She was among the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry.

She was the daughter of the artist and aristocrat Fujiwara no Nobuzane and the younger sister of the poets Ben no naishi, Sōhekimon-in no shōshō and the painter Fujiwara no Tametsugu. She served as the court lady of Emperor Go-Fukakusa, from where her nickname comes.

Together with her sister Ben no naishi, she belonged to a group of Renga-style poets whose works were included in the Tsukubashū collection created around 1356.

Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry
The Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (三十六歌仙, Sanjūrokkasen) are a group of Japanese poets of the Asuka, Nara, and Heian periods selected by Fujiwara no Kintō as exemplars of Japanese poetic ability. The oldest surviving collection of the 36 poets' works is Nishi Honganji Sanju-rokunin Kashu ("Nishi Honganji 36 poets collection") of 1113. Similar groups of Japanese poets include the Kamakura period Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen (女房三十六歌仙), composed by court ladies exclusively, and the Chūko Sanjūrokkasen (中古三十六歌仙), or Thirty-Six Heian-era Immortals of Poetry, selected by Fujiwara no Norikane (1107–1165). This list superseded an older group called the Six Immortals of Poetry.

Sets of portraits (essentially imaginary) of the group were popular in Japanese painting and later woodblock prints, and often hung in temples.
Kruplin Radomszczański
Kruplin Radomszczański [ˈkruplin radɔmʂˈt͡ʂaɲski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Nowa Brzeźnica, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 81 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Nowa Brzeźnica
Nowa Brzeźnica [ˈnɔva bʐɛʑˈnit͡sa] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Pajęczno and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a royal town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Salzwedel–Dannenberg railway
The Salzwedel–Dannenberg railway was a branch line between Salzwedel in the north of  Saxony-Anhalt and Dannenberg in eastern Lower Saxony in Germany. It was built in 1891 by the Prussian state railways, initially as a stub line from Salzwedel to Lüchow and extended in 1911 to Dannenberg. Shortly before the end of the Second World War the line between Salzwedel in the Soviet Zone and Lübbow in the British Zone was cut. Passenger services ceased in 1975, goods trains continued tor run until the end of 1997. The section still being worked between Lüchow and the station at Dannenberg Ost has been owned since 2001 by the Deutsche Regionaleisenbahn (DRE) and is called the Jeetzel Valley Railway (Jeetzeltalbahn).

Dannenberg (Elbe)
Dannenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈdanənˌbɛʁk]; Polabian: Weidars) is a town in the district Lüchow-Dannenberg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Jeetzel, approx. 30 km north of Salzwedel, and 50 km south-east of Lüneburg. Dannenberg has a population of 8,147 inhabitants as of December 2010.
Darren Isaac Devadass
Darren Isaac Devadass (born 3 February 1995) is a Malaysian badminton player. He won his first international title at the 2012 Smiling Fish International in the men's doubles event partnered with Tai An Khang. Devadass competed at the 2012 World and Asian Junior Championships, helped the team reaching the semi-finals, and settle for the bronze medal in Asia. In 2014, he and Tai finished as the runner-up at the Bangladesh International Challenge. Teamed-up with Vountus Indra Mawan, they clinched the men's doubles titles at the 2015 Auckland and Maribyrnong International tournament.

Vountus Indra Mawan
Vountus Indra Mawan (born 22 March 1989) is a former Malaysian badminton player. In  2007, he reach the semi-final round of the Asian Junior Championships in the boys' doubles event partnered with Mohamad Arif Abdul Latif and settle for bronze medal. He won his first senior title at the 2008 Iran Fajr International tournament in the men's doubles event. He is the head coach of Badminton Victoria and Australia national head coach’s assistant since February 2023.
Lahardane
Lahardane, also sometimes spelled Lahardaun (Irish: Leathardán, meaning "Half on Hill"), is a village in the parish of Addergoole, County Mayo, Ireland, adjacent to Lough Conn and to Nephin, and close to the towns of Crossmolina, Castlebar and Ballina. The 2016 census recorded a population of 178.

Castlebar
Castlebar (Irish: Caisleán an Bharraigh, meaning 'Barry's Castle') is the county town of County Mayo, Ireland. Developing around a 13th-century castle of the de Barry family, from which the town got its name, Castlebar is now a social and economic focal point for the surrounding hinterland. With a population of 13,054 in the 2022 census (up from 7,648 in the 1991 census), Castlebar was one of Ireland's fastest-growing towns in the early 21st century.

A campus of Atlantic Technological University and the Country Life section of the National Museum are two important facilities in the area. The town is linked by railway to Dublin, Westport and Ballina. The main route by road is the N5.
Golden monarch
The golden monarch (Carterornis chrysomela) is a species of passerine bird in the family Monarchidae found in New Guinea.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. The golden monarch displays marked sexual dimorphism, the male a striking golden colour with black mask, wings and tail, the female a golden or golden-olive colour. Both bear a characteristic 'teardrop' white pattern below the eye.

Prosper Garnot
Prosper Garnot (13 January 1794 – 8 October 1838) was a French surgeon and naturalist.

Garnot was born at Brest. He was an assistant surgeon under Louis Isidore Duperrey on La Coquille during its circumnavigation of the globe (1822–1825). Along with René Primevère Lesson he collected numerous natural history specimens in South America and the Pacific. Garnot had a severe attack of dysentery and was sent back with some of the collection on the Castle Forbes. The specimens were lost when the ship was wrecked off the Cape of Good Hope in July 1824. With Lesson he wrote the zoological section of the voyage's report, Voyage autour du monde exécuté par order du roi sur la corvette La Coquille (1828–1832).  He died, aged 44, in Paris.

The widely distributed parthenogenetic Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836, was named in his honour.
2010 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships
The 2010 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard court. It was a sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, between 19 July and 24 July 2010.

Lexington Open
The Lexington Open (previously known as the Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships and the Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour, and has been held annually at the Hilary J. Boone Tennis Complex in Lexington, Kentucky, since 1995 for men and since 1997 for women. It is the longest running active ATP Challenger Tour tournament in the US, marking its 30th edition in 2025.
In 2020, the tournament was held as a once-off WTA Tour tournament. In 2022, it returned to the ITF Circuit.
Ivar Langen
Ivar Langen (born December 21, 1942) was the rector at the University of Stavanger from 2003 to 2007. He was a central figure in the campaign to gain university status for Stavanger University College, which was awarded in 2005.

Langen has been a professor of Mechanical Engineering since 1994. In 1997, he founded the Centre for Maintenance and Asset Management, and from 2000 to 2003, he was the vice dean of the School of Science and Technology at Stavanger University College.  Langen also serves on the board of directors of the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers and was president of the organisation from 2002 to 2003.

He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
Jaime Castillo Petruzzi
Jaime Francisco Sebastián Castillo Petruzzi, known as Torito (Little Bull), is a Chilean former militant of the left-wing organization Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria who worked with the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement during the internal conflict in Peru. He was convicted by a Peruvian military tribunal of high treason in 1993 and sentenced to life in prison. In 2003, after a new trial in accordance with a ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Castillo was sentenced to 23 years in prison. He was released on 14 October 2016 and expelled to Chile.

Víctor Polay
Víctor Alfredo Polay Campos (born 6 April 1951) is one of the founders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, a Peruvian Marxist–Leninist terrorist organization.  He is currently imprisoned in Callao Naval Base with Vladimiro Montesinos.

He was arrested in 1992. In 1997, the UN Human Rights Committee has found that the circumstances of his trial and detention nevera violated the human rights.

On 22 March 2006, he was found guilty by a Peruvian court on nearly 30 crimes committed during the late 1980s and early 1990s and was sentenced to 32 years imprisonment.
Aquatic toxicology
Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. Aquatic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field which integrates toxicology, aquatic ecology and aquatic chemistry.

This field of study includes freshwater, marine water and sediment environments. Common tests include standardized acute and chronic toxicity tests lasting 24–96 hours (acute test) to 7 days or more (chronic tests). These tests measure endpoints such as survival, growth, reproduction, that are measured at each concentration in a gradient, along with a control test. Typically using selected organisms with ecologically relevant sensitivity to toxicants and a well-established literature background. These organisms can be easily acquired or cultured in lab and are easy to handle.

Biomonitoring
In analytical chemistry, biomonitoring is the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances. Often, these measurements are done in blood and urine.  Biomonitoring is performed in both environmental health, and in occupational safety and health as a means of exposure assessment and workplace health surveillance.

The two best established environmental biomonitoring programs in representative samples of the general population are those of the United States and Germany, although population-based programs exist in a few other countries. In 2001, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to publish its biennial National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which reports a statistically representative sample of the U.S. population.
Spyware
Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware  that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like web tracking. Hardware devices may also be affected.

Spyware is frequently associated with advertising and involves many of the same issues. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task.

Exploit (computer security)
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, applications, networks, operating systems, or hardware, typically for malicious purposes.
The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage."
Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or steal sensitive data.
While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls.

Researchers estimate that malicious exploits cost the global economy over US$450 billion annually.
In response to this threat, organizations are increasingly utilizing cyber threat intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and prevent hacks before they occur.
Thoggen
Thoggen is a DVD ripper for Linux within the GNOME project. It is based on GStreamer and GTK+. Thoggen can back up DVDs by re-encoding them using the Ogg Theora video codec.

Thoggen is designed to be easy and straightforward to use. It attempts to hide the complexity many other transcoding tools expose and tries to offer sensible defaults that work well for most people most of the time.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
Tower of Guns
Tower of Guns is a roguelike single-player first-person shooter video game developed by Terrible Posture Games. It features procedurally generated levels, making each playthrough unique. The game was released on March 4, 2014 to generally positive reviews.

Single-player video game
A single-player video game is a video game where input from only one player is expected throughout the gameplay. Video games in general can feature several game modes, including single-player modes designed to be played by a single player in addition to multi-player modes.

Most modern console games, PC games and arcade games are designed so that they can be played by a single player; although many of these games have modes that allow two or more players to play (not necessarily simultaneously), very few actually require more than one player for the game to be played. The Unreal Tournament series is one example of such.
Coke Studio Pakistan season 8
The eighth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan premiered on 16 August 2015 and aired its finale on 4 October 2015. It aired a weekly episode every Sunday on various channels across Pakistan. The season was revived under the tagline of The Sound of Nation.

The debut producers of season 7, Strings duo and series regular producer Coca-Cola, continued their journey as producers in this season. Earlier, rumours were made that Rohail Hyatt would be back as a producer this season but he denied rumors saying "Just for the record, I'm not producing the next season of Coke Studio Pakistan (2015)....... I would like to produce my 7th season of Coke Studio one day. I hope this clears any confusion".

The lead bassist, Khalid Khan, was ruled out of season 8 due to cervical pain; he was replaced by Kamran 'Mannu' Zafar. The season featured seven episodes comprising thirty-one artists, thirteen musicians and twenty-eight songs.

The Express Tribune
The Express Tribune is a daily English-language newspaper based in Pakistan. It is the flagship publication of the Lakson Group media group. It is Pakistan's only internationally affiliated newspaper in a partnership with the International New York Times, the global edition of The New York Times.

Headquartered in Karachi, it also publishes from offices in Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar.
Building Academic Retention Through K9s
Founded in 2012, the Building Academic Retention Through K9s (B.A.R.K) program operates out of the University of British Columbia Okanagan (UBCO). The program brings therapy dogs to the UBCO campus with a goal of reducing student stress, homesickness, and loneliness by improving overall wellbeing of students, staff, and faculty on campus. According to Dr. John-Tyler Binfet, the director of the program, "Having a therapy dog program on a college or university campus helps create a sense of community for students and provides a low-barrier and low-cost way for students to take care of themselves". The program has over four thousand visitors per year.

Therapy dog
A therapy dog is a dog that is trained to provide affection, comfort and support to people, often in settings such as hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, libraries, hospices, or disaster areas. In contrast to assistance dogs, which are trained to assist specific patients with their day-to-day physical needs, therapy dogs are trained to interact with all kinds of people, not just their handlers.