hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary learning
Vocabulary learning is the process of acquiring building blocks in second language acquisition. The impact of vocabulary on proficiency in second language performance "has become […] an object of considerable interest among researchers, teachers, and materials developers". From being a "neglected aspect of language learning", vocabulary has gained recognition in the literature and reclaimed its position in teaching. Educators have shifted their attention from accuracy to fluency by moving from the grammar–translation method to communicative approaches to teaching. As a result, incidental vocabulary teaching and learning have become one of the two major types of teaching programs along with the deliberate approach.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
2021 SRX Series
The 2021 Camping World SRX Series was the inaugural season of the Superstar Racing Experience. The six-race season started at Stafford Motor Speedway on June 12 and ended at the Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway on July 17, with Tony Stewart being crowned the inaugural series champion.

Superstar Racing Experience
Superstar Racing Experience (SRX), officially known as the Camping World SRX Series, was an American stock car racing series founded by Tony Stewart, Ray Evernham, Sandy Montag and George Pyne. The formation of the series was announced on July 13, 2020, and debuted on June 12, 2021, televised on CBS on Saturday nights.
Initial Granada Report
Initial Granada Report is a 4-track EP by the British electronic music group 808 State. This EP is their first new material in 17 years, the last new material being in 2002's Outpost Transmission. This is the first of two EPs, and is followed by Subsequent Granada Report; both were made to tease the album Transmission Suite. Both EPs each contain two tracks from the album and two stand-alone tracks.

Outpost Transmission
Outpost Transmission is a studio album by the British electronic music group 808 State, released in 2002. It is their sixth studio album, and their first new material since 1996's Thermo Kings.

Guests on this album were: Simon Lord (Simian) on "606", Guy Garvey (Elbow) on "Lemonsoul", and Larry Love (Alabama 3) on "Crossword".

It is also their final studio recording to feature Darren Partington, as he left the band after being jailed for 18 months in January 2015 for dealing heroin and crack cocaine.
Taipingqiao Subdistrict
Taipingqiao Subdistrict (Chinese: 太平桥街道; pinyin: Tàipíngqiáo Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located at the northern end of Fengtai District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Yangfangdian Subdistrict in the north, Guang'anmenwai and You'anmen Subdistricts in the east, Lugouqiao Subdistrict in the west, and has several exclaves inside of Lugouqiao Township. In 2020, it had a population of 74,275 residents.

The name Taipingqiao (Chinese: 太平桥; lit. 'Peace Bridge') refers to a village in the region that predated the subdistrict.

Guang'anmenwai Subdistrict
Guang'anmenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 广安门外街道; pinyin: Guǎng'ānménwài Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the southwest corner of the Xicheng District, Beijing, China. As of 2020, it has a total population of 198,657.

The subdistrict got its name due to its location outside of Guang'anmen (Chinese: 广安门; lit. 'Gate of Expansive Peace') and the former Beijing city wall.
St John O'Neill
St John O'Neill (6 May 1741–March 1790) represented Randalstown in the Irish House of Commons from 1771 to 1776. and was High Sheriff of Antrim in 1774.  He was returned unopposed at a by-election for Randalstown occasioned by the death of his father Charles O'Neill of Shane's Castle. Randalstown was a pocket borough of his family and its other MP was his elder brother John O'Neill, later 1st Viscount O'Neill.

St John O'Neill married a Miss Borrowes and they had one daughter, who died unmarried. 
He resided at Portglenone Castle, and donated a copper collecting-ladle to the Portglenone chapel of ease of the Church of Ireland parish of Ahoghill, and a church organ to the Catholic chapel near by at Aughnahoy.

High Sheriff of Antrim
The High Sheriff of Antrim is the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Antrim. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the high sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judicial importance, he has ceremonial and administrative functions and executes High Court Writs.
Alvise Loredan
Alvise Loredan (1393 – 6 March 1466) was a Venetian nobleman of the Loredan family. At a young age he became a galley captain, and served with distinction as a military commander, with a long record of battles against the Ottomans, from the naval expeditions to aid Thessalonica, to the Crusade of Varna, and the opening stages of the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1463–1479, as well as the Wars in Lombardy against the Duchy of Milan. He also served in a number of high government positions, as provincial governor, savio del consiglio, and Procuratore de Supra of Saint Mark's Basilica.

Provveditore
The Italian title prov[v]editore (plural provveditori; also known in Greek: προνοητής, προβλεπτής; Serbo-Croatian: providur), "he who sees to things" (overseer), was the style of various (but not all) local district governors in the extensive, mainly maritime empire of the Republic of Venice. Like many political appointments, it was often held by noblemen as a stage in their career, usually for a few years.
2022 Haqeeqi Azadi march
The 2022 Haqeeqi Azadi March (Urdu: حقیقی آزادی, lit. 'True Freedom March') was a month-long march from October 28 to November 26, 2022 led by Imran Khan, former prime minister of Pakistan, from Lahore to Rawalpindi against the Shehbaz Sharif ministry. It succeeded 2022 Azadi march, which took place in May. There was an attempted assassination of Imran Khan in Wazirabad on 3 November, which caused an eight-day pause to the march.

On November 27, Khan called off the march and said he would not continue to Islamabad. Instead, Khan announced the resignation of PTI from all assemblies and pushed for the dissolution of the provincial assemblies of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to force early elections.

Lalamusa
Lala Musa (/lɑːləmuːsʌ/; Punjabi: لالہ موسٰے; Urdu: لالہ موسیٰ) is a city, located in the Kharian tehsil of Gujrat district, in Punjab, Pakistan. With a population of 121,036 in 2023, it is the 66th most populous city in Punjab and the 99th most populous in Pakistan.
G.I. Jeff
"G.I. Jeff" (titled onscreen as "Government Issue Jeff") is the eleventh episode of the fifth season of Community, and the 95th episode overall in the series. It originally aired on April 3, 2014 on NBC. The episode was written by Dino Stamatopoulos, and directed by Rob Schrab. The episode was completed in the animation style of the popular 1980s children's television animated series, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero.

The episode received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the affectionate homage to the childhood cartoon series.  Despite positive reviews, however, the episode saw season lows of 0.9/3 in the 18-49 rating/share demo and 2.50 million American viewers.

Community season 5
The fifth season of the television comedy series Community premiered on January 2, 2014, and concluded on April 17, 2014. The season consists of 13 episodes and aired on NBC on Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET as part of the network's "Comedy Night Done Right". The season features the return of series creator Dan Harmon as showrunner, as well as the exit of cast members Donald Glover and Chevy Chase from the series. John Oliver returned as Ian Duncan after a two-year hiatus. Jonathan Banks made his introduction to the series as Buzz Hickey, a criminology professor.

NBC announced the series' cancellation in May 2014, but in June 2014, Yahoo announced it had commissioned the show's sixth and final season to be streamed online on Yahoo Screen.
Gigantione
Gigantione is a genus of isopod crustaceans, in the family Bopyridae. Members of this genus are parasitic to other crustaceans like Eiconaxius, Atergatis floridus, Carpilius convexus, and other species.

Bopyridae
The Bopyridae are a family of isopod crustaceans in the suborder Cymothoida. There are 1223 individual species contained in this family. Members of the family are ectoparasites of crabs and shrimp. They live in the gill cavities or under the carapace where they cause a noticeable swelling. Fossil crustaceans have occasionally been observed to have a similar characteristic bulge.
2016 Generali Ladies Linz
The 2016 Generali Ladies Linz was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 30th edition of the Generali Ladies Linz, and part of the WTA International tournaments-category of the 2016 WTA Tour. It was held at the TipsArena Linz in Linz, Austria, on 10 October until 16 October 2016. Second-seeded Dominika Cibulková won the singles title.

2016 WTA Tour
The 2016 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2016 tennis season. The 2016 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2016 calendar is the Summer Olympic Games and Hopman Cup, which were organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points.
Women's City Club of Washington, D.C.
The Women's City Club of Washington, D.C. was established in 1919. The founding president was Judge Mary O'Toole of the Municipal Court of Washington, D.C., who was the first woman municipal judge in the United States.  The club became a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs in 1920, and was the first local women's club with its own meeting house, based at 736 Jackson Place.

General Federation of Women's Clubs
The General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), founded in 1890 during the Progressive Movement, is a federation of approximately 2,300 women's clubs in the United States which promote civic improvements through volunteer service. Community Service Projects (CSP) are organized by local clubs for the benefit of their communities or GFWC's Affiliate Organization (AO) partnerships. GFWC maintains nearly 60,000 members throughout the United States and internationally.  GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational, women's volunteer service organizations. The GFWC headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.
Nashville season 4
The fourth season of the American television musical drama series Nashville, created by Callie Khouri, premiered on September 23, 2015, on ABC and concluded on May 25, 2016. The show features an ensemble cast with Connie Britton and Hayden Panettiere in the leading roles as two country music superstars, Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. The season consisted of 21 episodes and was the last season to air on ABC before the series moved to CMT.

As with season three, the episodes are named after songs from a variety of country artists, including Lucinda Williams ("Can't Let Go"), Conway Twitty ("'Til The Pain Outwears The Shame"), Waylon Jennings ("Stop the World (And Let Me Off)"), Patty Loveless ("How Can I Help You Say Goodbye"), Reba McEntire ("How Does It Feel To Be Free") and LeAnn Rimes ("What I Cannot Change").

Rayna Jaymes
Rayna Alisia Jaymes (née Wyatt; previously Conrad) is a fictional character and one of two leads in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville. Rayna has been portrayed by actress Connie Britton since the series' pilot episode, which aired on October 10, 2012.

Britton has received critical acclaim for her performance as Rayna. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama, a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, and a Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama.
1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 43rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 12 October 1952 at the Athletic Grounds in Kinsale, between Bandon and Glen Rovers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Bandon won the match by 1–05 to 1–02 to claim their first ever championship title.

1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 1 August 1909 and ended on 31 October 1909.

On 31 October 1909, Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 3–15 to 2–00 defeat of Bandon in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
A Good Year (novel)
A Good Year is a 2004 novel by English writer Peter Mayle, author of A Year in Provence and Chasing Cézanne. The story follows Max Skinner, a London stockbroker who loses his job before finding out that he inherited a vineyard in France from his late uncle Henry.

A Year in Provence
A Year in Provence is a 1989 best-selling memoir by Peter Mayle about his first year in Provence, and the local events and customs. Reviewers praised the book's honest style, wit, and refreshing humour. It was adapted into a BBC Television series starring John Thaw and Lindsay Duncan.
Niterói circus fire
A fire occurred in the tent housing a sold-out performance by the Gran Circus Norte-Americano on 17 December 1961 in the city of Niterói, Brazil, caused more than 500 deaths. It is the worst fire disaster to occur in Brazil.

Hartford circus fire
A circus fire occurred on July 6, 1944, in Hartford, Connecticut, killing at least 167 people and leaving more than 700 injured. It was one of the worst fire disasters in United States history. The fire broke out during an afternoon performance of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus that was attended by 6,000 to 8,000 people. It was the deadliest disaster ever recorded in Connecticut.
Rose Valland
Rose Antonia Maria Valland (1 November 1898 – 18 September 1980) was a French art curator, member of the French Resistance, captain in the French military, and one of the most decorated women in French history. She secretly recorded details of the Nazi plundering of National French and private Jewish-owned art from France. Working with the French Resistance, she saved thousands of works of art.

5th arrondissement of Paris
The 5th arrondissement of Paris (Ve arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as le cinquième.

The arrondissement, also known as Panthéon, is situated on the Rive Gauche of the River Seine. It is one of the capital's central arrondissements. The arrondissement is notable for being the location of the Latin Quarter, a district dominated by universities, colleges, and prestigious high schools since the 12th century when the University of Paris was created. It is also home to the National Museum of Natural History and Jardin des plantes in its eastern part.

The 5th arrondissement is also one of the oldest districts of the city, dating back to ancient times. Traces of the area's past survive in such sites as the Arènes de Lutèce, a Roman amphitheatre, as well as the Thermes de Cluny, a Roman thermae.
Ataturk Viaduct
Atatürk Viaduct or Nurdağı Viaduct is the longest viaduct of Turkey and TAG motorway and the second longest viaduct in Europe, located at the Nurdağı pass of the Central Amanos Mountains on the Tarsus-Adana-Gaziantep (TAG) motorway in Nurdağı district of Gaziantep.

The viaduct, the construction of which started in April 1993 and completed in June 1998, has a length of 801.5 metres and a height of 149.5 metres. A total of US$95 million was spent on the construction of the viaduct. The viaduct was named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey.

Nurdağı
Nurdağı (pronounced [nuɾˈdaˈɯ]) is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 697 km2, and its population is 41,322 (2022). Nurdağı is 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the city of Gaziantep.

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Nurdağı on 6 February 2023, causing widespread devastation in the district and around 2,500 deaths. Mass graves were created to bury the overwhelming number of dead in the area.
Uttam Rai
Uttam Rai (born 20 December 1996) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward. He previously appeared with both the Nepali Martyr's Memorial A-Division League clubs Friends Kopundole and Sankata Boys.

India national under-17 football team
The India national under-17 football team represents India in international football at the under-17 level. Controlled by the All India Football Federation, the governing body for football in India, the team is part of the Asian Football Confederation and the South Asian Football Federation.
Sherie Rene Scott
Sherie Rene Scott (born February 8, 1967) is an American actress, singer, writer and producer. She has been seen in multiple Broadway and off-Broadway plays and musicals, on numerous solo and original cast recordings, and in various film and television roles.

Second Stage Theater
Second Stage Theater is a non-profit theater company that presents work by living American writers both on and off Broadway. It is based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and is affiliated with the League of Resident Theatres.

Founded in 1979 by Robyn Goodman and Carole Rothman, Second Stage produces both new plays and revivals of contemporary American plays by new playwrights and established writers. The company formerly had an off-Broadway theater, the Tony Kiser Theater at 305 West 43rd Street on the corner of Eighth Avenue near the Theater District, as well as an off-off-Broadway theater, the McGinn–Cazale Theater on the Upper West Side. In April 2015, the company expanded into Broadway theater productions when it bought the Helen Hayes Theater, at 240 West 44th Street in Manhattan.
Simonstone, North Yorkshire
Simonstone is a hamlet near Hawes and Hardraw Force within the Yorkshire Dales in North Yorkshire, England. The name is first recorded in 1301 as deriving from Sigemund's Rock.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The road heading south from the Buttertubs Pass passes through the hamlet.

Hawes
Hawes is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, situated at the head of Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales, and historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. The parish had a population of 1,137 according to the 2011 census.

The parish of Hawes includes the neighbouring hamlet of Gayle. Hawes lies approximately 31.2 miles (50.2 km) west of the county town of Northallerton. It is renowned as a major producer of Wensleydale cheese.

Hawes is located within the Yorkshire Dales National Park and is a popular tourist destination.

A local non-profit organisation works to secure funding to maintain and reopen community amenities.
Cambridge Dancers' Club
Cambridge Dancers' Club (CDC) first opened its doors in October 1950 as a student society in the University of Cambridge to promote Ballroom and Latin dancing. It has since broadened the styles taught by their professional teachers to include Salsa and Rock 'n' Roll classes, as well as opening to all adult Cambridge residents. The club runs classes five nights a week during Full Term, including classes open to people with no previous dance experience. Classes also run (albeit less frequently) outside Full Term. Having once had an annual membership of over 2000, the club now has a membership that is still well over 1000 members, making it purportedly one of the largest Ballroom and Latin Dancing Clubs in Europe.

Full Term
Full Term in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge refers to the eight weeks within the longer academic term, during which lectures are given and students are required to be in residence. The dates of Full Term may differ from year to year within the fixed dates of the whole term (simply, but ambiguously, referred to as "Term" with a capital, or occasionally "statutory term").

In Oxford, each week is numbered from First Week to Eighth Week, beginning on Sunday and ending on Saturday. The week preceding Full Term is called 'Noughth Week' (sometimes written 0th Week).
Dallara IR-03
The Dallara IR-03, and its evolution, the Dallara IR-04/05, is an open-wheel formula racing car developed and produced by Italian manufacturer Dallara for use in the IndyCar Series, between 2003 and 2011.

Starting from 2007 season, all IndyCar Series entrants (outside the Indy 500) utilized the IR-05 chassis version after Panoz defected to Champ Car World Series to replace Lola as the spec chassis supplier for that series in the same season. In 2009 one year after IndyCar unified with Champ Car all entrants (including entrants for the Indy 500) used the IR-05 making it the only chassis used in IndyCar from 2009 to 2011.

Dallara
Dallara Group S.r.l. is the largest multi-national Italian race car manufacturer, founded by its current President, Giampaolo Dallara. After working for Ferrari, Maserati, Lamborghini and De Tomaso, in 1972 in his native village of Varano de' Melegari (Parma), he created Dallara Automobili.

Dallara is the sole manufacturer of racing cars for the IndyCar Series, Indy NXT, FIA Formula 2, FIA Formula 3 and Super Formula Championships. The company also produces cars for endurance races such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 24 Hours of Daytona.

Dallara has also been involved in the development and production of both Formula E cars and Haas F1 Team cars.
Ottara District
Ottara District (Burmese: ဥတ္တရခရိုင်, lit. 'Splendor of the North District') is a district of the Naypyidaw Union Territory in Myanmar.

The District has two townships:

Ottarathiri Township

Tatkon Township

In 2022, the district was split up to form the new Zeyathiri District. Prior to this, the district also included Zeyathiri Township and Pobbathiri Township.

Tatkon Township
Tatkon Township (/'tæt koʊn/) (Burmese: တပ်ကုန်းမြို့နယ်) is one of eight townships of Naypyidaw Union Territory, Myanmar. Its principal town is Tatkon and according to the 2014 census, Tatkon Township had a population of 217,093.

Tatkon Township was officially recognized as a township by the Township Administration Division, Department of Home Affairs, Notification No. (573) dated (5-7-1960).