hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Witten is a researcher in string theory, quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories, and other areas of mathematical physics. Witten's work has also significantly impacted pure mathematics. In 1990, he became the first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union, for his mathematical insights in physics, such as his 1981 proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity, and his interpretation of the Jones invariants of knots as Feynman integrals. He is considered the practical founder of M-theory.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Garm Darreh, West Azerbaijan
Garm Darreh (Persian: گرم دره; also known as Garmdaraq) is a village in Sokmanabad Rural District, Safayyeh District, Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 358, in 69 families.

Sokmanabad Rural District
Sokmanabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان سكمن آباد) is in Safayyeh District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Zarabad. The district is named after Sökmen II.
Rosemont, Baltimore
Rosemont is a neighborhood in the western part of Baltimore, Maryland. Located below North Avenue, above Franklintown Road, East of Hilton Parkway, and West of Bloomingdale Avenue it is a working class African-American neighborhood.

It is immediately adjacent to Walbrook Junction and Leakin Park. Though the area was once considered middle-class, it has in the 20th century experienced economic depression, housing abandonment, and increased crime. The neighborhood was affected by the Baltimore riot of 1968.

Baltimore riot of 1968
The Baltimore riot of 1968 was a period of civil unrest that lasted from April 6 to April 14, 1968, in Baltimore. The uprising included crowds filling the streets, burning and looting local businesses, and confronting the police and national guard.

The immediate cause of the riot was the April 4 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, which triggered unrest in over 100 cities across the United States. These events are sometimes described as the Holy Week Uprising.

Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, called out thousands of National Guard troops and 500 Maryland State Police to quell the disturbance. When it was determined that the state forces could not control the rebellion, Agnew requested Federal troops from President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Varshosazi
Varshosazi, or varsho-sazi (Persian: ورشوسازی) is the Iranian artisan handicraft of producing metal objects using nickel silver alloy (Persian: ورشو, romanized: varsho; also known as German silver), started in the Qajar era. This craft was heavily influenced by the Russian tea service containers, such as samovars.

The varshosazi is a type of metalsmithing using nickel silver alloy, and is related to other metalsmithing professions. It was widespread in some cities of Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods; and today, limited varsho workshops are still operating around the country especially in Borujerd in the Lorestan province of Iran.

Nickel silver
Nickel silver, maillechort, German silver, argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, or alpacca is a cupronickel (copper with nickel) alloy with the addition of zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver does not contain silver, but resembles it, which can make it attractive as a cheaper and more durable substitute. It is also well suited for plating with silver.

A naturally occurring ore composition in China was smelted into the alloy known as paktong or báitóng (白銅) ('white copper' or cupronickel). The name German Silver refers to the artificial recreation of the natural ore composition by German metallurgists. All modern, commercially important, nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain zinc and are sometimes considered a variety of brass.
Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM
The Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM was a DTM touring car constructed by German car manufacturer Opel. The car's development started in mid-2002 and it was raced in the 2004 and 2005 DTM seasons with little success before the company's exit after the 2005 season. Opel withdrew from DTM due to parent company General Motors focusing on the BTCC and FIA WTCC series in the European sector as well as reducing the company's annual costs. The Vectra GTS V8 DTM replaced the Opel Astra DTM at the end of the 2003 season and was based on the production Opel Vectra C. The Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM was involved in an accident involving Peter Dumbreck at the Zandvoort after his car lost control and rolled several times, but the driver was uninjured.

The Opel Vectra GTS V8 DTM is powered by a 4.0-litre V8 engine built by Spiess Tuning AG.

Opel Vectra
The Opel Vectra is a mid-size car (large family car) that was engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel from 1988 until 2010. Available in saloon, hatchback and estate (from model year 1997 onwards) body styles, the Vectra was also sold by the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Cavalier from 1988 to 1995 and then as the Vauxhall Vectra from 1995 to 2008, and it was also sold by Holden in Australia as the Holden Vectra, by Chevrolet in Latin America as the Chevrolet Vectra.

The Vectra was introduced in October 1988 as a replacement for the Opel Ascona, and was itself replaced in November 2008 by the new Opel Insignia, the nameplate spanning three generations and almost twenty-one years.
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Christodoulos Panayiotou (born 1978) is a Cypriot artist.

Panayiotou's work spans a wide range of media, including sculpture, painting, installation, performance, photography, and video, and focuses on uncovering hidden narratives in the visual and material records of history and time. Drawing from his training in dance and the performing arts, as well as his studies in history and theatre anthropology, the artist’s work often involves the re-contextualisation of found materials and performance-based interventions.

Serpentine Galleries
The Serpentine Galleries are two contemporary art galleries in Kensington Gardens, Westminster, Greater London. Recently rebranded to just Serpentine, the organisation is split across Serpentine South (previously known as the Serpentine Gallery) and Serpentine North (previously known as the Sackler Gallery).

The gallery spaces are within five minutes' walk of each other, linked by the bridge over the Serpentine Lake from which the galleries get their names. Their exhibitions, architecture, education and public programmes attract up to 1.2 million visitors a year. Admission to both galleries is free. The CEO is Bettina Korek, and the artistic director Hans Ulrich Obrist.
Shelfstone
Shelfstone is a type of speleothem that grows inwards from the edge of a cave pool. It takes the form of ledges that tend to be flat on top and sloping underneath. They are almost always formed from calcite, when materials precipitated from dripping water onto a cave pool attach to the side. The deposition continues to grow laterally, underneath. The shelfstone above the current water level in a pool is an indicator of past levels of the pool. Shelfstone can be very thick when the water level has stayed constant over a long period of time. If the water level is constantly changing, the shelfstone will be thin and delicate.

Speleothem
A speleothem (/ˈspiːliəθɛm/; from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. They can take a variety of forms, depending on their depositional history and environment. Common forms include stalagmites, stalactites, and flowstones.

Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. Their chemical composition, gradual growth, and preservation in caves make them useful paleoclimatic proxies.
Lasse Strömstedt
Folke Lars-Olov Strömstedt (23 May 1935 in Gävle – 4 July 2009), better known as Lasse Strömstedt, was a Swedish writer who wrote of and about his own  life in prison and drug abuse. Strömstedt was born in Gävle in 1935. He was a casual laborer whose working life was frequently disrupted by  imprisonment. After 1971 he changed his life and became a writer, debater and actor. In 1974, Strömsted published his first novel, Grundbulten (The Cornerstone), written together with reporter Christer Dahl under the pseudonym Kennet Ahl. Strömstedt was married to Swedish singer and writer Ann-Christine Bärnsten. He died aged 74 of natural causes in Gränna on 4 July 2009.

Gävle
Gävle (/ˈjɛvleɪ, -lə/ YEV-lay or YEV-lə; Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 79,004 inhabitants in 2020, which makes it the 13th-most-populated city in Sweden. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's northern lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria. However, Gävle is far nearer to the greater Stockholm region than it is to most other major settlements in Norrland and has a much milder climate than associated with said region.

In recent years, the city has received much international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw – the Gävle Goat. The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalized, usually by being set on fire. The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes.
Shimoda Ropeway
The Shimoda Ropeway (下田ロープウェイ, Shimoda Rōpuwei) is the name of a Japanese aerial lift line in Shimoda, Shizuoka, as well as its operator. The company is a subsidiary of Izukyū Corporation. The line is also called Nesugatayama Ropeway (寝姿山ロープウェイ, Nesugatayama Rōpuwei), as it climbs Mount Nesugata. The observatory has a view of Port of Shimoda and Pacific Ocean. The line began operation on April 1, 1961.

Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.
Royal Memorial Church of St George
The Royal Memorial Church of St George, Cannes, was erected in the 19th century in honour of The Duke of Albany, the son of Queen Victoria, who died in Cannes in 1884. His brother, the Prince of Wales commissioned the church to be built in his honour.

Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (Leopold George Duncan Albert; 7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884), was the eighth child and youngest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Leopold was later created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow. He had haemophilia, which contributed to his death following a fall at the age of 30.
1945 All-America college football team
The 1945 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1945. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1945 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press, (3) the United Press, (4) the All-America Board, (5) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (6) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (7) the International News Service (INS), (8) Look magazine, (9) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) and (10) the Sporting News.

Grantland Rice
Henry Grantland Rice (November 1, 1880 – July 13, 1954) was an American sportswriter, columnist, and poet from Tennessee known as the "Dean of American Sports Writers".  He published three books of poetry, and coined the famous phrase that it was not important whether you “won or lost, but how you played the game.”

His writing was known for its elegance and published in newspapers around the country, and broadcast on the radio.  He and his writing are among the reasons that the roaring 1920s in the United States are sometimes referred to as the "Golden Age of Sports".

In 1924, he nicknamed the Notre Dame backfield the "Four Horsemen".  In 1925 he replaced Walter Camp in selecting college football All-America teams. Rice set out to make heroes of sports figures who impressed him, most notably in baseball Babe Ruth, in boxing Jack Dempsey, in football Red Grange and Knute Rockne, in golf Bobby Jones and Babe Didrikson, and in tennis Bill Tilden.
Green museum
A green museum is a museum that incorporates concepts of sustainability into its operations, programming, and facility. Many green museums use their collections to produce exhibitions, events, classes, and other programming to educate the public about the natural environment. Many, but not all, green museums reside in a building featuring sustainable architecture and technology. Green museums interpret their own sustainable practices and green design to present a model of behavior.

Green museums strive to help people become more conscious of the limitations of their world, and how their actions affect their world. The goal is to create positive change by encouraging people to make sustainable choices in their daily lives. They use their position as community-centered institutions to create a culture of sustainability.

Sustainable architecture
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through improved efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large.  Sometimes, sustainable architecture will also focus on the social aspect of sustainability as well. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.

The concept of sustainability, or ecological design, ensures that the use of current resources does not adversely affect future society's well-being or render it impossible to obtain resources for other uses in the long term.
Matsuoka Guitar
Matsuoka Guitar (formerly Matsuoka Musical Instruments Co., Ltd.) was a Japanese manufacturer of guitars in Nagoya, Japan.

Self taught luthier Ryoji Matsuoka began making guitars following World War 2 as the popularity of enka music helped introduce more Japanese to the guitar. After about a decade of refining his skill, he established Matsuoka Musical Instruments Co., Ltd. in 1959. Matsuoka is a boutique firm specializing in well made classical guitars for entry to mid level players.

Influenced by luthiers such as Hauser, Kohno, and Ramírez, Matsuoka produced guitars for Aria and Ibanez in the 1960s and 1970s, and produced his own line starting in the early 1970s. Up to the early 80’s Ryoji Matsuoka himself handcrafted the top of the line (Mastercraft) models for Ibanez.

Matsuoka's son Toshiaki followed in his father's as a luthier and oversaw the day-to-day operations of the company until its dissolution in 2014.

José Ramírez (luthier)
José Ramírez (1858–1923) was a Spanish luthier, the founder of Ramírez Guitars and of the Spanish luthier dynasty who continue to run it. His grandson José Ramírez III was in turn head of the company, and a noted innovator who made significant changes to the classical guitar.
2016 New South Wales Swifts season
The 2016 New South Wales Swifts season saw New South Wales Swifts compete in the 2016 ANZ Championship. Swifts finished the regular season in second place in the Australian Conference. In the play-offs, they defeated Melbourne Vixens and Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic but lost twice to Queensland Firebirds, including 69–67 in the grand final.

Melbourne Vixens
Melbourne Vixens is an Australian professional netball team based in Melbourne, Victoria. Since 2017 they have represented Netball Victoria in Super Netball. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship. The team was formed in 2007 when Netball Victoria merged its two former Commonwealth Bank Trophy league teams, Melbourne Phoenix and Melbourne Kestrels. Vixens have won four premierships, in 2009, 2014, 2020, and 2025.
Virgil Oliver Stamps
Virgil Oliver Stamps (1892–1940) was a shape note promoter, singer, composer, and singing school teacher. He was the first to promote southern-style gospel singing across America using radio and published the most song books in America for decades.

Gospel Music Hall of Fame
The Gospel Music Hall of Fame, created in 1972 by the Gospel Music Association, is a hall of fame dedicated exclusively to recognizing meaningful contributions by individuals and groups in all forms of gospel music.
Paralympic sports
The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.

The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. Paralympic sports refers to organized competitive sporting activities as part of the global Paralympic movement. These sports are organized and run under the supervision of the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports federations.

International Virtus Sports Federation
Virtus Sport (formerly INAS or INAS Sport) (International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability; originally called INAS-FMH, later INAS-FID, INAS and now as Virtus Sport) is a federation which was established in 1986 by professionals in the Netherlands who were involved in sport and wanted to promote the participation of athletes with mental handicap in elite sports (intellectual impairment).

The organisation uses the brand name Virtus to promote sport worldwide for athletes with intellectual disability, autism and Down syndrome.

It provides competition opportunities for elite athletes with an intellectual disability in Paralympic and non-Paralympic sports and is different from Special Olympics, which provides non-elite opportunities worldwide.
Presidente Perón Partido
Presidente Perón Partido is a partido located in the Greater Buenos Aires urban area in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 60,000 inhabitants in an area of 120.73 km2 (46.61 sq mi), and its capital city is Guernica, which is located around 38 km (24 mi) from Buenos Aires. The partido is mostly rural and has an increasing affluence with the construction of new gated communities and golf clubs in the area.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Jamaican iguana
The Jamaican iguana (Cyclura collei), also known commonly as Colley's iguana, is a large species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. The species is endemic to Jamaica. It is critically endangered, even considered extinct between 1948 and 1990. Once found throughout Jamaica and on the offshore islets Great Goat Island and Little Goat Island, it is now confined to the forests of the Hellshire Hills.

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
8th Sarasaviya Awards
The 8th Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 8වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1979 Sinhala cinema on March 29, 1980, at the Colombo New Theater Grounds, Sri Lanka. It was held after ten years gap due to the political unrest prevailed in the country. Minister of Lands, Land Development and Mahaweli Development Gamini Dissanayake was the chief guest at the awards night.

The film Handaya won the most awards with seven including Best Film.

Sarasaviya Best Film Award
The Sarasaviya Best Film Award is presented annually in Sri Lanka by the weekly Sarasaviya newspaper in collaboration with the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited at the Sarasaviya Awards Festival for the best Sri Lankan movie of the year.
The award was first given in 1964. Following is a list of the winners of this prestigious title since then.
Alfred Rosenheim
Alfred Faist Rosenheim, F.A.I.A. (June 10, 1859 – September 9, 1943) was an American architect. A Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, he was one of the leading architects in Los Angeles in the early part of the 20th century. His major works include the Hellman Building, Hamburger's Department Store, |Second Church of Christ, Scientist, and the Eugene W. Britt House.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.