hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electoral Participation Act
The Electoral Participation Act (French: Loi sur la participation électorale), commonly known as Bill C-65, was a bill introduced on March 20, 2024, by Minister of Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs Dominic LeBlanc during the first session of the 44th Canadian Parliament.

On January 6, 2025, the Parliament of Canada was prorogued by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, which resulted in the bill dying on the order paper.

44th Canadian Parliament
The 44th Canadian Parliament was in session from 22 November 2021 to 23 March 2025, with the membership of the House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne was read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day. It was dissolved before the 2025 federal election.
Alex McManus
Alex McManus is a musician from Omaha, Nebraska currently based in Vancouver, BC. He has played with such bands as Acorns, Empire State, Lambchop, Vic Chesnutt, and Bright Eyes. He is also in his own band called The Bruces.

Bright Eyes (band)
Bright Eyes is an American indie rock band founded in Omaha, Nebraska by singer-songwriter and guitarist Conor Oberst. It consists of Oberst, multi-instrumentalist and producer Mike Mogis, arranger, composer, trumpet and piano player Nate Walcott, and a rotating line-up of collaborators drawn primarily from Omaha's indie music scene.

Between 1998 and 2011, the band's albums were released through Saddle Creek Records, a Nebraska-based label founded by Justin Oberst (Conor's brother) and Mogis. In January 2020, the band announced their return, having signed with Dead Oceans. Their most recent album, Five Dice, All Threes, was released in September 2024.
Yumjao Leima
Yumjao Leima (Old Manipuri: Yumchao Leima) or Yumjao Lairembi (Old Manipuri: Yumchao Lailempi) or Yumjao Lairemma (Old Manipuri: Yumchao Lailemma) is the mother goddess of house, household, royalty, rule and power in Meitei mythology and religion. She is designated as the all time ruling Queen Mother. Legend says she assumes a human form in white clothes and blesses kings. She is one of the divine incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi.

Leimarel Sidabi
Leimarel Sidabi (Manipuri: ꯂꯩꯃꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕꯤ) or Leimalel Sitapi (Manipuri: ꯂꯩꯃꯂꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯇꯄꯤ) is a goddess in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. She is the highest female divinity in the Meitei pantheon. She is the goddess of earth, of nature and the household. She is revered as the mother of every living being in the universe.: 48 : 200

Presently, the market complex number 1 is named after her at the Ima Keithel (Mothers' market), the world's only market run exclusively by women.
1911 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Reigning champion Hazel Hotchkiss won the singles tennis title of the 1911 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Florence Sutton 8–10, 6–1, 9–7 in the challenge round. Sutton had won the right to challenge Hotchkiss by defeating Eleonora Sears 6–2, 6–1 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, from June 12 through June 17, 1911.

Philadelphia Cricket Club
The Philadelphia Cricket Club is a country club in Pennsylvania, United States, being the oldest of its kind in the country.

The club was established in 1854 in southeastern Pennsylvania, and has two locations, one in Chestnut Hill and the other in Flourtown, north-northwest of downtown Philadelphia.

Sports practised at the club include cricket, golf, squash, swimming, tennis, platform tennis, pickleball, and padel.
Siege of Massilia (413)
The siege of Massilia was made by the Visigoths against the Roman city of Massilia, Gallia Narbonensis in 413. Campaigning in southern Gaul, the Visigothic king Ataulf had taken Toulouse and Narbonne and laid siege of Massilia. The city was defended by the capable Roman general Bonifacius. Ataulf failed to take Massilia, and later made peace with Emperor Honorius. Marrying Honorius' sister Galla Placidia. Ataulf was thereafter sent to recover Hispania for the empire.

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in  Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania. The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire, owing to the Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.
Niyom Thongchit
Niyom Thongchit (Thai: นิยม ทองชิตร; 1909 – March 19, 1986) was a Thai Muay Thai fighter, boxer, Muay Thai and boxing trainer, known from being trainer of Pone Kingpetch, the first Thai world champion.

Pone Kingpetch
Pone Kingpetch (Thai: โผน กิ่งเพชร, RTGS: Phon Kingphet, pronounced [pʰǒːn kìŋ.pʰét]), born Mana Seedokbuab (Thai: มานะ สีดอกบวบ, RTGS: Mana Sidokbuap, pronounced [māː.náʔ sǐː.dɔ̀ːk.bùa̯p]; February 12, 1935 – March 31, 1982), was a Thai professional boxer and three time Undisputed World Flyweight Champion.
Sääminginsalo
Sääminginsalo has been said to be the largest true island of Finland (area 1,069 km2 or 413 sq mi). If it is considered as an island, it is the third largest island in a lake in the world. This inland island is located in Southern Savonia region, Eastern Finland and is surrounded by the lake Greater Saimaa (Haukivesi, Puruvesi and Pihlajavesi), and an artificial canal, Raikuun kanava, that was built in 1750s. The most famous sight on Sääminginsalo is the Kerimäki Church, the largest wooden church in the world.

Traditionally, Soisalo in the same lake complex has  been considered the largest island of Finland, but technically it is not a true island because the lakes surrounding it are not on the same level. The same, however, can be said of Sääminginsalo itself as well, as it is detached from mainland by an artificial canal only and does not in this respect differ in any way from peninsulas like Jutland or Peloponnesos.

Soisalo
Soisalo (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈsoi̯ˌsɑlo]) is an area in central Finland, south of Kuopio. It is commonly regarded as the largest island of Finland. While it is an area of land surrounded by water (the lakes Kallavesi, Unnukka, Suvasvesi and Kermajärvi), as the lakes are narrow in places they are more like rivers.
2001 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool A
Group A of the 2001 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Americas Zone Group II of the 2001 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team being assigned to its respective play-off region.

2001 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2001 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Using the positions determined in their pools, the eight teams faced off to determine their overall placing in the 2001 Fed Cup Americas Group II. The top two teams (i.e. the teams that won matches in the first round of the top quarter) advanced to Group I next year.
Johannes Sylvius Egranus
Johannes Sylvius Egranus (born Johannes Wildauer; around 1480 in Eger, Bohemia (now Cheb, Czech Republic) – 1553 in Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Bohemia (now Česká Kamenice, Czech Republic)) was a German theologian, humanist, reformer and a friend of Martin Luther.

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Winslow railway station
Winslow railway station refers to either one of two railway stations which historically served or is planned to serve, the town of Winslow in north Buckinghamshire, England. The original station (1850–1985) was on the former Varsity Line between Cambridge and Oxford. Since October 2024, construction of a new station is complete and is scheduled to be served by East West Rail, as part of the plan to reinstate the Oxford–Cambridge service. In March 2025, Chiltern Railways announced that it had been appointed to operate passenger services on the EWR line between Oxford and Milton Keynes Central (via Oxford Parkway, Bicester Village, Winslow and Bletchley). Chiltern expects the service to become operational in 2026.

Oxford Parkway railway station
Oxford Parkway railway station is a railway station  at Water Eaton, Oxfordshire, on the Oxford–Bicester line. Full regular weekday service began on 25 October 2015, although the first passengers travelled the previous day on a Sunday timetable.

The station, whose name was changed in September 2013 from the provisional "Water Eaton Parkway", lies between Kidlington and Oxford beside the existing Water Eaton park-and-ride site. It serves Kidlington, north Oxford and nearby villages. The station forms part of a multi-modal transport interchange node, connecting travellers by bus, cycle, on foot and by car with rail transport.  It is also intended to attract park-and-ride traffic from the busy A34, A40 and A44 roads.

Services to Oxford started on 11 December 2016.
Hugh Millen
Hugh Breedlove Millen (born November 22, 1963) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams, Atlanta Falcons, New England Patriots, Dallas Cowboys and Denver Broncos. He played college football for the Washington Huskies.

Snoqualmie, Washington
Snoqualmie (/snoʊˈkwɔːlmi/ snow-KWAWL-mee) is a city next to Snoqualmie Falls in King County, Washington, United States. It is 28 miles (45 km) east of Seattle. Snoqualmie is home to the Northwest Railway Museum. The population was 14,121 at the 2020 census.
Philodendron oblongum
Philodendron oblongum is a species of plant in the genus Philodendron native to eastern Brazil. First described as Arum oblongum by Vellozo in 1831, it was moved by Carl Sigismund Kunth to Philodendron. Like others in the genus, it grows in wet tropical biomes and is a hemiepiphyte.

Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
1956 Moomba TT
The 1956 Moomba TT was a motor race for open and closed sports cars, staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 11 March 1956. 
It was the second Moomba TT, with a similar race having been run at Albert Park in 1955.
Contested over 150 miles, it was the feature race on the first day of a two-day race meeting which was conducted on the two Sundays of Melbourne's Moomba Festival. 
The meeting was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia for the Argus Moomba Motor Races Committee.

The race was won by  Tony Gaze driving a HWM Jaguar.

1955 Moomba TT
The 1955 Moomba TT was a motor race staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 26 March 1955. 
The race, which featured a Le Mans start, was open to 'Sports Cars Open and Closed', competing with restricted fuel.
It was staged as part of the Argus Moomba Motor Car Races, the meeting being sponsored by the Argus newspaper and organised by the Light Car Club of Australia in collaboration with the Albert Park Trust and the Moomba Festival Committee.

The race was won by Doug Whiteford (Triumph TR2) from Haig Hurst (Austin-Healey) and EJ Brotherton (Austin-Healey).
Bubbling Spring, West Virginia
Bubbling Spring is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Bubbling Spring is situated on Cacapon River Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 14) along the Cacapon River, south of Capon Bridge and north of Hooks Mills. It takes its name from the Bubbling Spring on the Cacapon there. Bubbling Spring has been known as Bubbling Spring Camps, Cacapon Bubbling Spring Camps, and Crystal Spring.

Capon Bridge, West Virginia
Capon Bridge is a town in eastern Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States, along the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50), approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Winchester, Virginia. The population was 418 at the 2020 census.
Gabriele Allegra
Gabriele Allegra (Chinese: 雷永明, 26 December 1907 – 26 January 1976) was a Franciscan friar and Biblical scholar. He is best known for accomplishing the first complete translation of the Bible into the Chinese language. His Studium Biblicum Translation is often considered the definitive Chinese Bible among Catholics. He was beatified in 2012.

Antonianum
The Antonianum, also known as the Pontifical University of Saint Anthony (Latin: Pontificia Universitas Antonianum, Italian: Pontificia Università Antonianum), and as Pontifical Athenaeum Antonianum, is a Franciscan pontifical university in Rome named in honour of Anthony of Padua. It is located in the Rione Esquiline, a block north of the Basilica of St John Lateran, at Via Merulana 124, near the intersection of Via Labicana/Viale Manzoni and Via Merulana.
Brancaster Lifeboat Station
Brancaster Lifeboat Station was located at Brancaster Beach, near the village of Brancaster, on the north coast of the county of Norfolk.

It is recorded that in 1823, the Norfolk Association for Saving the Lives of Shipwrecked Mariners (NASLSM) decided to place a lifeboat at Brancaster, but there are no records of a boat in their annual report, nor any service records.

A lifeboat was placed at Brancaster by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), who opened a station there in 1874. The station was closed in 1935.

Brancaster
Brancaster is a village and civil parish on the north coast of the English county Norfolk. It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the town Burnham Market, 22 miles (35 km) north of the town King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 km) north-west of the city Norwich. The parish includes the villages Brancaster and Brancaster Staithe and the former parish Burnham Deepdale, all of which lie along the A149 road. The Roman settlement Branodunum is on the edge of the village Brancaster.

The parish has an area of 8.27 square miles (21.4 km2) and at the 2011 census had a population of 797 in 406 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is on the North Sea coast, with the villages bordering Brancaster Manor marshes. Scolt Head Island, a barrier island designated as a National Nature Reserve within the neighbouring parish Burnham Norton, is immediately to the north of much the parish boundary.
Van Lamoen circle
In Euclidean plane geometry, the van Lamoen circle is a special circle associated with any given triangle .  It contains the circumcenters of the six triangles that are defined inside  by its three medians.

Specifically, let , ,  be the vertices of , and let  be its centroid (the intersection of its three medians).  Let , , and  be the midpoints of the sidelines , , and , respectively. It turns out that the circumcenters of the six triangles , , , , , and  lie on a common circle, which is the van Lamoen circle of .

Circumcircle
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a triangle is a circle that passes through all three vertices. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter of the triangle, and its radius is called the circumradius. The circumcenter is the point of intersection between the three perpendicular bisectors of the triangle's sides, and is a triangle center.

More generally, an n-sided polygon with all its vertices on the same circle, also called the circumscribed circle, is called a cyclic polygon, or in the special case n = 4, a cyclic quadrilateral. All triangles, rectangles, isosceles trapezoids, right kites, and regular polygons are cyclic, but not every polygon is.
Anglo-Saxon burial mounds
An Anglo-Saxon burial mound is an accumulation of earth and stones erected over a grave or crypt during the late sixth and seventh centuries AD in Anglo-Saxon England. These burial mounds are also known as barrows or tumuli.

Early Anglo-Saxon burial involved both inhumation and cremation, with burials then being deposited in cemeteries. At this time, the Anglo-Saxons adhered to a pagan religion, but as Christianity was introduced in the seventh century, it gradually became the dominant and eventually sole religion amongst the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Many of those buried in barrows were pagan, but others were instead Christian, and it is usually impossible for archaeologists to know which religion an individual belonged to.

Earlier peoples living in Britain during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages had also constructed barrows for use as places of burial, something that was recognised by the Anglo-Saxon burial builders, who in many cases re-used these earlier barrows for their own uses.

Grave
A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as graveyards or cemeteries.

In some religions, it is believed that the body must be burned or cremated for the soul to survive; in others, the complete decomposition of the body is considered to be important for the rest of the soul (see bereavement).
La Petite Rivière (Grand lac Saint François)
La petite Rivière (in English: The Little River) is a tributary of Grand lac Saint François which constitutes the head lake of Saint-François River. The course of "La petite Rivière" crosses the territory of the municipality of Lambton, in the Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.
Frank Lupton
Frank Thomas Miller Lupton, or Lupton Bey, (1854 – 8 May 1888) was a British sailor who served as an administrator in the Egyptian Sudan.
He was governor of  Bahr el Ghazal province in 1881 at the start of the Mahdist War.
Cut off from supplies and reinforcements, he had to surrender the province in 1884.
After an initial period of freedom he was enchained for ten months.
He was freed but struggled to make a living, his health deteriorated and he died in poverty.
He had married a local woman who survived him, as did their two daughters.

Rudolf Carl von Slatin
Major-General Rudolf Anton Carl Freiherr von Slatin, Geh. Rat, GCVO KCMG CB (7 June 1857, in Ober Sankt Veit, Hietzing, Vienna – 4 October 1932, in Vienna) was an Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in Sudan.
Cadet rifle
A cadet rifle is a rifle used by military cadets and others for basic firearms and marksmanship training. Generally .22 caliber and bolt-action, they also come in semi-automatic versions. They are often miniature .22 caliber versions of standard issue service rifles.

Older 19th century cadet rifles were simply smaller and lighter versions of standard issue service rifles designed to fire reduced power cartridges.

Army Cadet Force
The Army Cadet Force (ACF), generally shortened to Army Cadets, is a British national youth organisation sponsored by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence and the British Army. Along with the Sea Cadet Corps and the Air Training Corps, the ACF make up the Community Cadet Forces. It is a separate organisation from the Combined Cadet Force which provides similar training within principally private schools.

Although sponsored by the Ministry of Defence, the ACF is not part of the British Army, and as such cadets are not subject to military law or military 'call up' but is funded by the MOD. Some cadets do, however, go on to enlist in the armed forces later in life.

The Army Cadet Charitable Trust UK (ACCT UK) is a registered charity that acts in an advisory role to the Ministry of Defence and other Government bodies on matters connected with the ACF.

As of 1 April 2023, there are 38,180 cadets, and 8,020 Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs).
Dissolution (politics)
Dissolution in politics is when a state, institution, nation, or administrative region dissolves or ceases to exist, usually separating into two or more entities, or being annexed. This can be carried out through armed conflict, legal means, diplomacy, or a combination of any or all of the three. It is similar to dissolution in the legal sense.

It is not to be confused with secession, where a state, institution, nation, or administrative region leaves; nor federalisation where the structure changes but is not dissolved. There have been several dissolutions in history, while others have been proposed or advanced as hypotheticals.

Soviet of Nationalities
The Soviet of Nationalities was the upper chamber of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy. Until democratization in the late-1980s, however, only a single candidate nominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was permitted to stand for election in each constituency. It was briefly succeeded by the Soviet of the Republics from October to December 1991. As opposed to the Soviet of the Union, the Soviet of Nationalities was composed of the nationalities of the Soviet Union, which in turn followed administrative division rather than being a representation of ethnic groups.
A. A. Jurgens
Adrian Albert Jurgens (1886 – 11 July 1953) was a South African philatelist and signatory to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of Southern Africa in 1948 and the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in Great Britain in 1952.

In the 1940s Jurgens became embroiled in allegations of forgery that greatly damaged his reputation.

Royal Philatelic Society London
The Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL) is the oldest philatelic society in the world. It was founded on 10 April 1869 as The Philatelic Society, London. The society runs a  postal museum, the Spear Museum of Philatelic History, at its headquarters in the City of London.