hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emirgan
Emirgan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,052 (2024). It is a leafy, middle-class suburb of Istanbul, on the western shore of the Bosphorus north of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (Second Bosphorus Bridge).

City bus lines 22, 22RE, 25E, 40T and 42T stop in Emirgan. Infrequent Şehir Hatları ferries connect Emirgan with Eminönü, Beşiktaş, Arnavutköy, Bebek, İstinye, Büyükdere, Sarıyer and Rumeli Kavağı. A separate ferry service links it to Çengelköy, Kandilli, Anadolu Hisarı and Kanlıca. Small private boats also travel back and forth between Emirgan and Kanlıca depending on demand.

Büyükdere, Sarıyer
Büyükdere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 8,586 (2022). It is situated on the European shore of the Bosphorus strait about 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of Sarıyer. Its name means 'big stream' in Turkish, in reference to the river that used to flow into the Bosphorus here.

A 14-kilometre-long (8.7 mi) major road, Büyükdere Avenue, starts south of Büyükdere, and runs inland as far as  Şişli.

In the 19th century Büyükdere, like neighbouring Tarabya, was a popular summer retreat for members of Istanbul's foreign and diplomatic community and it still has several churches and embassy buildings dating back to that period. There was then a Büyükdere ferry terminal but although it has been restored it has not been put back into use (partly because of the road that was built in front of it on reclaimed land), meaning that most access to the neighbourhood is by bus along the coast road.
Thomas Simpson Sproule
Thomas Simpson Sproule (October 25, 1843 – November 10, 1917) was a Canadian parliamentarian, Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from 1911–1915, and a member of the Canadian Senate from 1915–1917.

Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)
The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), a speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over the House of Commons of Canada is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.

The 40th speaker of the House of Commons is Francis Scarpaleggia, who assumed the role on May 26, 2025. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.
Trans-Am Hiroshi
Hiroshi Fukuda (福田宏, Fukuda Hiroshi) better known by his ring name Trans-Am★Hiroshi (トランザム★ヒロシ, Toranzamu Hiroshi) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his tenure with the Japanese promotions DDT Pro-Wrestling and Kaientai Dojo.

Battle royal (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a battle royal (sometimes battle royale), is a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until one is left and declared the winner. Typical battle royals begin with a number of participants in the ring, who are then eliminated by going over the top rope and having both feet touch the venue floor.
Kræmerpynten
Kræmerpynten is the most eastern point of Kvitøya, Svalbard. The point is also the most eastern point of Norway, 33° 30' 59'' E. The name Kræmerpynten originates from captain and Spitsbergen trapper Waldemar Hilbert Kræmer.

Kvitøya
Kvitøya (English: "White Island") is an island in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, with an area of 682 square kilometres (263 sq mi). It is the easternmost part of the Kingdom of Norway. The closest Russian Arctic possession, Victoria Island, lies only 62 kilometres (39 mi) to the east of Kvitøya.

The island is almost completely covered by Kvitøyjøkulen, an ice cap with an area of 705 square kilometres (272 sq mi) with a classical, hourglass-shaped dome, which has given it its name. The few ice-free land areas are each only a few square kilometres large and very barren and rocky, the largest being Andréeneset on the southwest corner of the island. Kvitøya is a part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.
Penguin Islet (Tasmania)
Penguin Islet is a small island nature reserve with an area of 3.46 ha in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Hunter Island Group which lies between north-west Tasmania and King Island. It is notable as the only pelican colony in western Bass Strait.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
ATP Sofia Open
The Sofia Open was an ATP World Tour 250 series tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was held for the first time as part of the 2016 ATP World Tour. The tournament took place at the Arena Sofia in Sofia, Bulgaria. In 2023 the tournament was held for one additional year, replacing the Tel Aviv Open, which was cancelled due to the outbreak of war in the region.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Kuy Sophal
Kuy Sophal (Khmer: គុយ សុផល), is a Cambodian politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Royal Palace of Cambodia in 2024. He is also the Member of the Supreme Privy Council to His Majesty the King of Cambodia. He was the Senior Minister in charge of General Affairs of the Ministry of the Royal Palace until 2 September 2024. He was appointed Chairman of the National Committee for Organizing National and International Festivals on 14 October 2024. His official title is Samdech Moha Montrei Kuy Sophal (Khmer: សម្តេចមហាមន្ត្រី គុយ សុផល; lit. 'High Lord Officer Kuy Sophal').

Royal Palace of Cambodia
The Royal Palace of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះបរមរាជវាំង) is a complex of buildings which serves as the official royal residence of the King of Cambodia. Its full name in Khmer is the Preah Barom Reacheaveang Chaktomuk Serey Mongkol (Khmer: ព្រះបរមរាជវាំងចតុមុខសិរីមង្គល). The Cambodian monarchs have occupied it since it was built in the 1860s, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.

The palace was constructed by King Norodom between 1866 and 1870; this original palace was largely demolished and rebuilt between 1912 and 1932, It is situated at the Western bank of the confluence of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong River called Chaktomuk (an allusion to Brahma).
2011 Reno Air Races crash
On September 16, 2011, The Galloping Ghost, a highly modified North American P-51D Mustang racing aircraft, crashed into spectators while competing at the Reno Air Races in Reno, Nevada, killing its pilot Jimmy Leeward and ten people on the ground. Sixty-nine more people on the ground were injured. It was the third-deadliest airshow disaster in U.S. history, following accidents in 1972 and 1951.

1972 Sacramento Canadair Sabre accident
38°31′16″N 121°29′57″W﻿ / ﻿38.52111°N 121.49917°W﻿ / 38.52111; -121.49917

On September 24, 1972, a privately owned Canadair Sabre Mk. 5 fighter jet, piloted by Richard L. Bingham, failed to take off while leaving the "Golden West Sport Aviation Air Show" at Sacramento Executive Airport in Sacramento, California, United States. The airplane crashed into a Farrell's Ice Cream Parlor, killing 22 people on the ground and injuring 28, including the pilot.
Carinola
Carinola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located c. 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Naples, c. 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Caserta, and c. 187 kilometres (116 mi) southeast of Rome.

Carinola borders the following municipalities: Falciano del Massico, Francolise, Sessa Aurunca, Teano.

Francolise
Francolise (locally La Torrë) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Naples and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Caserta.
Dance of the Clairvoyants
"Dance of the Clairvoyants" is a song by American rock band Pearl Jam. The song was released on January 22, 2020, as the lead single from their eleventh studio album, Gigaton (2020). An accompanying music video was released on the same day. The lyrics were written by Eddie Vedder and the music was written by all five members of the band.

Stone Gossard
Stone Carpenter Gossard (born July 20, 1966) is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the rhythm guitarist for the rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, he is one of the founding members of the band.

Gossard is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the Seattle-based grunge bands Green River and Mother Love Bone. Gossard was also a member of the bands Temple of the Dog and Brad. In addition to his performing career, he has been active in the music industry as a producer and the owner of a record label and recording studio.  He released his first solo album Bayleaf in 2001; his second, Moonlander, followed in 2013.

Gossard was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam in 2017.
2016–17 British and Irish Cup
The 2016–17 British and Irish Cup was the eighth season of the annual rugby union competition for second tier, semi-professional clubs from Britain and Ireland. London Welsh were the defending champions having won the 2015–16 final against Yorkshire Carnegie 10–33 at Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds on 10 April 2016. There have been six different winners and six different losing finalists in the seven seasons of its existence. The format of the competition is similar to last season with Scottish clubs not competing. For the second consecutive season the four Welsh teams were the reserve sides of the teams competing in the Pro12 competition instead of clubs from the Welsh Premier Division.

British and Irish Cup
The British and Irish Cup was an annual rugby union competition for second tier, semi-professional clubs and the reserves or developing teams from professional clubs from Great Britain and Ireland. It took place for the first time in the 2009–10 season, and ran for 9 seasons.

After clubs from the English Championship decided to withdraw from the 2018–19 season, the competition was abolished. The Welsh and Irish rugby unions thereafter reinstituted the Celtic Cup competition for its development sides.

Leinster A and Munster A were the most successful sides in the competition, winning the trophy twice each. Five English clubs shared the remaining competition wins.
Brajarajnagar
Brajrajnagar is a town and a municipality in Jharsuguda district  in the state of Odisha, India. Popular legend says the town was named after Braj Mohan Birla after he set up Orient Paper Mills in 1936. It is a small sleepy town on rocky terrain, built on the banks of IB river, with temples mostly built by the Birlas. Later it became famous for MCL-owned coal mines after Orient Paper Mills of Birlas managed by dulichand Hanuman Prasad shah closed down in 1999.

Most of the population in this city were working for Orient Paper Mills, which belonged to Birla Group of industries. Brajrajnagar has in its vicinity numerous open-cast and underground coal mines of IB Valley Coalfield and Orient Colliery Area belonging to government-owned Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL).

Jharsuguda
Jharsuguda (Odia pronunciation: [dʒʰaɾɔsuɡuɽa]) is a town and district headquarters of Jharsuguda district of Odisha, India. It is an industrial hub, consisting mainly of metallurgical industries. It is well connected to major cities of India through rail and air. It has an airport Veer Surendra Sai Airport. It is popularly known as the "Powerhouse of Odisha" due to its Mega Steel, Aluminium & Power Projects. Jharsuguda has often been referred as "Little India" as well because of its diverse demography, language and culture.
Mike Slattery (politician)
Mike Slattery (September 3, 1981) is a Democratic former member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 24th district from 2009 to 2013. He is the son of Jim Slattery, who served Kansas's 2nd district from 1983 to 1995. He was the youngest elected member of the Kansas Legislature during his tenure, and the only Democrat to defeat an incumbent in the Kansas House of Representatives in 2008.

Slattery received a Master of Business Administration from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business, as well as a bachelor's degree in Integrated Science and Technology with an emphasis in Energy and Environmental Policy from James Madison University.

He currently works for The Boston Consulting Group in their Washington D.C. office.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
D'Arrest (crater)
D'Arrest is a lunar impact crater that is located in the lava-flooded region to the west of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It is named after the German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest. It lies to the southeast of the crater Agrippa and northwest of Delambre. Just to the northeast are the small, bowl-shaped craters De Morgan and Cayley.

The outer rim of D'Arrest is broken in several places, with a gash at the south end and a wide gap to the northeast where only a low ridge remains in place of the original wall. The interior has been resurfaced by lava, leaving a nearly flat, featureless floor. The surviving rim is low and worn, with ridges connecting it to the south and southwest.

Agrippa (crater)
Agrippa is a lunar impact crater that is located at the southeast edge of the Mare Vaporum. It is located to the north of the crater Godin, the irregular Tempel lies just to the east. To the north and northeast, the rille designated Rima Ariadaeus follows a course to the east-southeast, reaching the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis. It is named after the 1st century Greek astronomer Agrippa.

The rim of Agrippa has an unusual shape, resembling the form of a shield with a rounded southern rim and a more angular northern half. The interior is somewhat irregular, with a central rise at the midpoint. The crater is from the Eratosthenian period, which lasted from 3.2 to 1.1 billion years ago.
Thunder Glacier (Antarctica)
Thunder Glacier (64°50′S 63°24′W﻿ / ﻿64.833°S 63.400°W﻿ / -64.833; -63.400) is a through glacier, 4 nautical miles (7 km) long, which extends in an east–west direction across Wiencke Island between Sierra DuFief and the Wall Range, in the Palmer Archipelago. Probably known since the discovery of Wiencke Island by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition in 1898. Charted in 1944 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and so named by them because a survey party was nearly overwhelmed there by an avalanche.

Sierra DuFief
The Sierra DuFief (64°52′S 63°28′W﻿ / ﻿64.867°S 63.467°W﻿ / -64.867; -63.467) is a mountain range 4 nautical miles (7 km) long with numerous sharp peaks, the highest at 1,415 metres (4,640 ft), extending in a northeast–southwest direction in the south part of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, and named by Gerlache for Jean DuFief, then general secretary of the Belgian Royal Geographical Society.
Splicing factor
A splicing factor is a protein involved in the removal of introns from strings of messenger RNA, so that the exons can bind together; the process takes place in particles known as spliceosomes.  Splicing factors regulate the binding of the snRNPs U1 and U2 to the 3' and 5' ends of the intron during splicing and can either be splicing promoters or splicing repressors.

In a research paper, splicing factors were found to be produced upon application of resveratrol analogues, which induced senescent cells to rejuvenate.  The expression of splicing factors may be altered during aging.

Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are covalently joined to one another as part of generating the mature RNA. Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome.
Combination Store
The Combination Store is a historic one-story Victorian commercial storefront and one of the oldest buildings in the Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego, California, United States. It located at  621-625 5th Avenue and was built in 1880. Businesses located here have included dry goods and clothing, clothing, shoe store, jewelry store, men’s furnishings, beverage store, cigar store, barber shops, shoeshine shop, bar and recently Lucky Brand.

Plaque for the building, 2016

Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego
The Gaslamp Quarter is a historic neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California. It extends from Broadway to Harbor Drive and from 4th to 6th Avenue. The neighborhood is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places as the Gaslamp Quarter Historic District. It includes over 90 historic buildings, most of which were constructed in the Victorian era; many are in use as restaurants, shops, entertainment venues, and nightclubs.

The Gaslamp Quarter is known for its nightlife. It is the site of various events and festivals, including Mardi Gras in the Gaslamp, Taste of Gaslamp, and ShamROCK, a St. Patrick's Day event. Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, is one block away in the East Village neighborhood.
Distributed amplifier
Distributed amplifiers are circuit designs that incorporate transmission line theory into traditional amplifier design to obtain a larger gain-bandwidth product than is realizable by conventional circuits.

Gain–bandwidth product
The gain–bandwidth product (designated as GBWP, GBW, GBP, or GB) for an amplifier is a figure of merit calculated by multiplying the amplifier's bandwidth and the gain at which the bandwidth is measured.

For devices such as operational amplifiers that are designed to have a simple one-pole frequency response, the gain–bandwidth product is nearly independent of the gain at which it is measured; in such devices the gain–bandwidth product will also be equal to the unity-gain bandwidth of the amplifier (the bandwidth within which the amplifier gain is at least 1).
For an amplifier in which negative feedback reduces the gain to below the open-loop gain, the gain–bandwidth product of the closed-loop amplifier will be approximately equal to that of the open-loop amplifier.
"The parameter characterizing the frequency dependence of the operational amplifier gain is the finite gain–bandwidth product (GB)."
Nugent baronets
There have been nine baronetcies held by people with the surname Nugent, four in the Baronetage of Ireland and five in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Six of the creations are extinct, while three are extant.

Nugent baronets of Moyrath (1622)

Nugent Baronets of Donore (first creation, 1768)

Nugent baronets of Dysert (1782)

O'Reilly baronets of Ballinlough (1795), later Nugent baronets

Nugent baronets of Waddesdon (1806)

Humble baronets of Cloncoskoran (1831), later Nugent baronets

Nugent baronets of Donore (second creation, 1831)

Nugent baronets of Dunsfold (1960): see Richard Nugent, Baron Nugent of Guildford

Nugent baronets of Portaferry (1961): see Roland Nugent

Richard Nugent, Baron Nugent of Guildford
George Richard Hodges Nugent, Baron Nugent of Guildford, Bt PC JP FRSA (6 June 1907 – 16 March 1994), known as Sir Richard Nugent, 1st Baronet between 1960 and 1966, was a British Conservative politician.
Alberto Pinto (mathematician)
Alberto Adrego Pinto is a full professor at the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (Portugal). He is a researcher of the Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering LIAAD, INESC TEC. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Dynamics and Games, published by the American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). He is the President of the Portuguese International Center for Mathematics (CIM). Currently, he is also a Special Visiting Researcher from CNPq at Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Mitchell Feigenbaum
Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum /ˈfaɪɡənˌbaʊm/ (December 19, 1944 – June 30, 2019) was an American mathematical physicist whose pioneering studies in chaos theory led to the discovery of the Feigenbaum constants.
Kundang
Kundang or Pengkalan Kundang is an area in Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. Kundang is used to be agricultural village. But now, it is one of the modern villages in the state with its own highway, LATAR. Bandar Tasik Puteri, Pekan Kundang, Bandar Rawang is the nearest town from the village. Farming and related activities constitute the core economic drivers of this pastoral village. It comes under Selayang Parliament constituency, and falls into the jurisdiction of Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS).

Gombak District
The Gombak District is an administrative district located in the eastern-central part of the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The district was created on February 1, 1974, the same day when Kuala Lumpur was declared a Federal Territory.