hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Das (surname)
Das is a common last name in South Asia, among adherents of Hinduism and Sikhism, as well as those who converted to Islam or Christianity. It is a derived from the Sanskrit word Dasa (Sanskrit: दास) meaning devotee, disciple, votary, or servant, one engaged in selfless service or sevā. "Das" refers to one who serves God or has surrendered to God. The surname is often used by those in Assamese, Bengali, Bihari, Oriya, Punjabi, and Vaishnav communities.

Bhagwant Das
Raja Bhagwant Das (c. 1527 – 4 December 1589) was the 23rd Kacchwaha ruler of Amber. He also served as the Mughal Subahdar of Lahore and the Subahdar of Kabul for a few months in 1586. His sister, Mariam-uz-Zamani, was the chief consort of Mughal emperor Akbar. His son, Man Singh I, one of the Navaratnas of Akbar, became the highest-ranking official of his court. His daughter, Man Bai, was the first and chief wife of Prince Salim (later Jahangir).
Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
Victoria Eugenie Julia Ena of Battenberg (24 October 1887 – 15 April 1969), commonly known as Ena, was Queen of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII from their marriage on 31 May 1906 until 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.

A princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse by birth, she was a member of the Battenberg family, a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the youngest granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Unlike most members of the Battenberg family, who bore the style of Serene Highness, Victoria Eugenie was born with the style of Highness, by virtue of a royal warrant issued by Queen Victoria in 1886. Prior to her marriage, she was elevated to the style of Royal Highness by her uncle, King Edward VII.

Prince Henry of Battenberg
Prince Henry of Battenberg (Henry Maurice; 5 October 1858 – 20 January 1896), formerly Count Henry of Battenberg, was a German prince who became a member of the British royal family by marriage to Princess Beatrice, the youngest child of Queen Victoria. He was the son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, but did not belong to the House of Hesse because his mother, Countess Julia von Hauke, was of a lower rank. He moved to the United Kingdom when he married Beatrice in 1885 and became governor of the Isle of Wight in 1894. He died of malaria on his way to fight in the Ashanti War.
Saint-Laon Church, Thouars
The Saint-Laon Church is a Catholic church in Thouars, Deux-Sèvres France. Originally serving as the abbey church of the Abbey of Saint-Laon, founded in the early 11th century, it has been listed as a historic monument since 1988.

Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France
For other people called Margaret Stewart, see Margaret Stewart (disambiguation).

Margaret Stewart (French: Marguerite; 25 December 1424 – 16 August 1445) was a princess of Scotland and the dauphine of France. She was the firstborn child of King James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort.

She married the eldest son of the king of France, Louis, Dauphin of France, at the age of eleven. Their marriage was unhappy, and she died childless at the age of 20, apparently of a fever.
Chariots in ancient China
The ancient Chinese chariot (traditional Chinese: 戰車; simplified Chinese: 战车; pinyin: zhànchē; lit. 'war vehicle') was used as an attack and pursuit vehicle on the open fields and plains of ancient China from around 1200 BCE. Chariots also allowed military commanders a mobile platform from which to control troops while providing archers and soldiers armed with dagger-axes increased mobility. They reached a peak of importance during the Spring and Autumn period, but were largely superseded by cavalry during the Han dynasty.

Dagger-axe
The dagger-axe (Chinese: 戈; pinyin: gē; Wade–Giles: ko) is a type of polearm that was in use from the Longshan culture until the Han dynasty in China. It consists of a dagger-shaped blade, mounted by its tang to a perpendicular wooden shaft. The earliest dagger-axe blades were made of stone. Later versions used bronze. Jade versions were also made for ceremonial use. There is a variant type with a divided two-part head, consisting of the usual straight blade and a scythe-like blade.
1982–83 Saudi Premier League
The 1982–83 Saudi Premier League was the 7th season of Saudi Premier League since its establishment in 1976. Al-Ittihad were the defending champions, having won their 1st title in the previous season. The campaign began on 16 December 1982 and ended on 8 April 1983. The number of teams in the league was reduced from the previous season. The league was contested by 10 teams, the top 5 teams from Groups A and B.

1981–82 Saudi Premier League
The 1981–82 season of the Saudi Premier League, also known as the Joint League, saw the merger of both the Saudi Premier League and the Saudi First Division League in relation to the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualification process.
Norbert O. Schedler Honors College
The Norbert O. Schedler Honors College is an interdisciplinary program at the University of Central Arkansas. One of the first Honors Colleges (in contrast to numerous honors programs) in the country, the Schedler Honors College leads to the receipt of a minor in Interdisciplinary Studies. Successful completion of the minor requires a senior thesis or a supplemental senior project such as a performance, exhibit, or other creative work.

University of Central Arkansas
The University of Central Arkansas (Central Arkansas or UCA) is a public university in Conway, Arkansas, United States. Founded in 1907, the university is one of the oldest in the state. As the state's only normal school at the time, UCA has historically been the primary source of teachers in Arkansas.  It was one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools.

The university comprises five colleges, five residential colleges and one commuter college. UCA has about 10,000 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the state. The university maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of approximately 17 to 1. Over 150 undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs are offered at the university. UCA occupies over 120 buildings within its 356 acres (1.44 km2).
2022 PDC Pro Tour
The 2022 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Players Championships and European Tour events are the events that make up the Pro Tour. There were thirty Players Championship events and thirteen PDC European Tour events, and after the split format last year, the Challenge and Development Tours returned as one big tour, rather than a UK/European split tour.

PDC Pro Tour
The PDC Pro Tour is a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Since 2019, the Pro Tour has comprised Players Championships and European Tour events; UK Open Qualifiers were previously a part of the tour until they were discontinued. Pro Tour events mainly consist of professional darts players who hold a PDC Tour Card, with the exception of amateur call-ups and European Tour regional qualifiers. Prize money won in these events counts towards players' ranking on the PDC Order of Merit, the main world ranking system used by the PDC. It also counts towards the PDC Pro Tour Order of Merit and separate European Tour and Players Championship rankings.
Durham College, Oxford
Durham College, also known as Durham Hall until 1381, was a college of the University of Oxford. It was established as a cell of Durham Priory in the late 13th century, and endowed as a college by Bishop Thomas Hatfield in 1381.

The college was closed in 1545 following the dissolution of the monasteries. After a period of disuse, its buildings were sold in 1555 to Thomas Pope, who used them to found Trinity College, Oxford, where the college library and some other architectural fragments survive as part of Durham Quadrangle. Its estates were returned to the Dean and Chapter of Durham Cathedral, which enabled the University of Durham, founded by the Dean and Chapter in 1832, to assert itself as the successor to Durham College.

Anthony Wood (antiquary)
Anthony Wood (17 December 1632 – 28 November 1695), who styled himself Anthony à Wood in his later writings, was an English antiquary. He was responsible for a celebrated Hist. and Antiq. of the Universitie of Oxon.

He meticulously researched and documented the history of Oxford, producing significant works such as the Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis and the Athenae Oxonienses. Despite criticism for errors and suspected biases, his works remain invaluable. Wood had free access to university records, consulted with notable scholars, and faced controversy, including banishment from the University of Oxford. Unmarried, he led a life devoted to scholarship and antiquarian pursuits.
Mete Atatüre
Mete Atatüre (born 19 February 1975) is a Turkish physicist working on experimental solid-state quantum optics, in particular on the optical control of spin-photon coupling for quantum networks as well as investigation of many-body physics in atomically-thin heterostructures, with the aim of developing new materials and devices for quantum sensing applications.

He currently leads the Quantum Optical Materials and Systems (QOMS) group at the University of Cambridge, with about 30 PhD students and research staff. He is also a co-founder and CSO of the spin-out Nu Quantum Ltd. Since October 2023, he is the Head of the Cavendish Laboratory.

Sabancı University
Sabancı University (Turkish: Sabancı Üniversitesi) is a private research university that adopts a liberal arts education approach, established in 1994 and located on a 1.26 million squaremeter campus which is about 40 km from Istanbul's city center. Its first students matriculated in 1999. The first academic session started on October 20, 1999 (1999-10-20).
Reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands
On 4 March 1853, Pope Pius IX restored the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands with the papal bull Ex qua die arcano, after the Dutch Constitutional Reform of 1848 had made this possible. The re-establishment of the episcopal hierarchy led to the April movement protest in 1853.

Diocese of Roermond
The Diocese of Roermond (Latin: Dioecesis Ruremundensis)  is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, located in the Netherlands. The diocese is one of the seven suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht. The territory of the diocese covers the Province of Limburg.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathedral of St. Christopher in Roermond.

Its main pilgrimage sites are Kapel in 't Zand and Valkenburg.

The Dean of Roermond is responsible for the parishes in that city and a few other municipalities in the diocese.
Folklore Museum of Polygyros
The Folklore Museum of Polygyros is located in Polygyros, the capital city of Chalkidiki regional unit in Central Macedonia, Greece. It opened in May 1998 on the initiative of the Women's Voluntary Association for Community Development, a local group that has been organising folklore-related events for the past twenty years. The museum is located in the town centre in the renovated two-storey residence of the former mayor of Polygyros, Mr Karaganis, who donated it for the purpose.

Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki (/kælˈkɪdɪki/; Greek: Χαλκιδική, romanized: Chalkidikḗ [xalciðiˈci], alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit.

The capital of Chalkidiki is the town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula, while the largest town is Nea Moudania. Chalkidiki is a popular summer tourist destination.
Riotous Assemblies Act, 1956
The Riotous Assemblies Act, Act No 17 of 1956 in South Africa (taking effect 16 March) prohibited gatherings in open-air public places if the Minister of Justice considered they could endanger the public peace. Banishment was also included as a form of punishment.

This Act was passed in response to the Congress of the People, held at Kliptown, near Johannesburg, in June 1955. Following a call from the African National Congress (ANC), the South African Indian Congress, the South African Coloured People's Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats, and the South African Congress of Trade Unions, some 3,000 people met with the purpose of adopting the Freedom Charter. The Riotous Assemblies Act of 1956 was also used in the prosecution of the Treason Trial, the judicial outcome of the gathering having replaced Riotous Assemblies and Suppression of Communism Amendment Act, 1954.

Suppression of Communism Act, 1950
The Suppression of Communism Act, 1950 (Act No. 44 of 1950), renamed the Internal Security Act in 1976, was legislation of the national government in apartheid South Africa which formally banned the Communist Party of South Africa and proscribed any party or group subscribing to communism, according to a uniquely broad definition of the term. It was also used as the basis to place individuals under banning orders, and its practical effect was to isolate and silence voices of dissent.
Giles (bacteriophage)
Giles is a bacteriophage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria. The genome of this phage is very different from that of other mycobacteriophages and is highly mosaic. More than half of its predicted genes are novel and are not seen in other species.

Mycobacteriophage
A mycobacteriophage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have mycobacteria as host bacterial species.  While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, more than 4,200 mycobacteriophage species have since been isolated from various environmental and clinical sources. 2,042 have been completely sequenced. Mycobacteriophages have served as examples of viral lysogeny and of the divergent morphology and genetic arrangement characteristic of many phage types.

All mycobacteriophages found thus far have had double-stranded DNA genomes and have been classified by their structure and appearance into siphoviridae or myoviridae.
Telemarketers (TV series)
Telemarketers is an American true crime documentary series directed and produced by Adam Bhala Lough and Sam Lipman-Stern. It follows two office workers who stumble upon the truth of their work at a telemarketing center and are determined to expose the industry. The three-part series aired on HBO from August 13 to 27, 2023.

Telemarketing
Telemarketing (sometimes known as inside sales, or telesales in the UK and Ireland) is a method of direct marketing in which a salesperson solicits prospective customers to buy products, subscriptions or services, either over the phone or through a subsequent face to face or web conferencing appointment scheduled during the call. Telemarketing can also include recorded sales pitches programmed to be played over the phone via automatic dialing.

Telemarketing refers to the practice of contacting, qualifying, and soliciting prospective customers through telecommunications technologies, including telephone, fax, and internet communications. It does not encompass direct mail marketing.
Regulation of flamethrowers in the United States
In the United States, flamethrowers are broadly legal for personal ownership and use. California requires a permit for the possession of a flamethrower, and only Maryland has outright banned their ownership and use. No federal laws exist regarding flamethrowers, as they are not defined as weapons under the National Firearms Act. The United States is a signatory of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, protocol III of which limits military use of flamethrowers; this does not extend to civilian use.

Beginning in 2015, several companies began selling flamethrowers to civilians. This brought increased interest in their regulation, with unsuccessful attempts to regulate flamethrowers at both the federal and state level as of 2022. Proponents of regulation have highlighted the potential dangers of civilian use of flamethrowers, while opponents have identified legitimate uses and pointed to the nearly nonexistent record of flamethrower incidents in the United States.

Flamethrower
A flamethrower is a ranged incendiary device designed to project a controllable jet of fire. First deployed by the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century AD, flamethrowers saw use in modern times during World War I, and more widely in World War II as a tactical weapon against fortifications.

Most military flamethrowers use liquid fuel, typically either heated oil or diesel, but commercial flamethrowers are generally blowtorches using gaseous fuels such as propane. Gases are safer in peacetime applications because their flames have less mass flow rate and dissipate faster and often are easier to extinguish.

Apart from the military applications, flamethrowers have peacetime applications where there is a need for controlled burning, such as in sugarcane harvesting and other land-management tasks. Various forms are designed for an operator to carry, while others are mounted on vehicles.
Sustainable living
Sustainable living describes a lifestyle that attempts to reduce the use of Earth's natural resources by an individual or society. Its practitioners often attempt to reduce their ecological footprint (including their carbon footprint) by altering their home designs and methods of transportation, energy consumption and diet. Its proponents aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, naturally balanced, and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology. The practice and general philosophy of ecological living closely follows the overall principles of sustainable development.

One approach to sustainable living, exemplified by small-scale urban transition towns and rural ecovillages, seeks to create self-reliant communities based on principles of simple living, which maximize self-sufficiency, particularly in food production. These principles, on a broader scale, underpin the concept of a bioregional economy.

Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing weed growth, and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.

Mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure and compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can improve soil productivity.

Living mulches include moss lawns and other ground covers.
Hatcheria
Hatcheria is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Trichomycteridae, the pencil and parasitic catfishes, the only species in the genus is Hatcheria macraei. This fish grows to about 20.8 centimetres (8.2 in) and originates from rivers east of the Andes in Argentina, between 29° and 45°30′S.

Trichomycteridae
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes; though only certain species are parasitic, those are some of the few parasitic chordates known. This family is prohibited from being imported into various parts of the United States due to their reputation as parasites.

The life monsefuano (Trichomycterus punctulatus) was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.
Fasijan
Fasijan (Persian: فسيجان, also romanized as Fasījān and Fesījān; also known as Pīsījān) is a village in Simineh Rud Rural District, in the Central District of Bahar County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 627, in 154 families.

Siminehrud Rural District
Siminehrud Rural District (Persian: دهستان سيمينه‌رود) is in the Central District of Bahar County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zagheh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Abrumand.
Kieth Merrill
Kieth W. Merrill (born May 22, 1940) is an American filmmaker who has worked as a writer, director, and producer in the film industry since 1967. He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the Directors Guild of America, and received an Academy Award for The Great American Cowboy (1973) and a nomination for Amazon (1997).

He published a novel, The Evolution of Thomas Hall, through Shadow Mountain in 2011. His first fantasy novel, The Immortal Crown, was published by Shadow Mountain in 2016.

Joseph Smith Memorial Building
The Joseph Smith Memorial Building (JSMB), originally called the Hotel Utah, is a social center located on the corner of Main Street and South Temple in Salt Lake City. It is named in honor of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.

It previously housed several restaurants and also functioned as a venue for events, although it was closed in 2023 for extensive renovations, expected to be completed in 2025. Several levels of the building have also been administrative offices for departments of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), such as FamilySearch.

On January 3, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Hotel Utah.
Song of Songs 3
Song of Songs 3 (abbreviated  as Song 3) is the third chapter of the Song of Songs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Five Megillot, a collection of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the last part of the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text. This chapter contains a female song about her search for her lover at night and the poem describing King Solomon's procession.

New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English, working as a revision of the King James Version. Published by Thomas Nelson, the complete NKJV was released in 1982. With regard to its textual basis, the NKJV relies on a modern critical edition (the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) for the Old Testament, while opting to use the Textus Receptus for the New Testament.

The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original [King James Version], yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability."
Espeland Falls
Espeland Falls (English) or Espelandsfossen (Norwegian) is a 135-metre (443 ft) tall waterfall located in the Espeland Valley (Norwegian: Espelandsdalen) in Voss Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The falls are located just above large Lake Espeland (Norwegian: Espelandsvatnet), near the border of Voss Municipality and Ulvik Municipality.

Due to an urban legend, Espeland Falls is sometimes erroneously claimed to be 2,307 feet (703 m) tall. One theory is that the erroneous information may have originated from a misunderstanding of the concept meters of head in relation to the development of the Espeland River (Norwegian: Espelandselvi) for hydropower. Another theory is that there may have been a mixup with Skrikjofossen in Lofthus, Ullensvang Municipality, a 455-metre (1,493 ft) tall waterfall located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Espeland Falls.

Skrikjofossen
Skrikjofossen (also called Krikjofossen) is a waterfall in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The falls are located about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southeast of the village of Lofthus. Its total height is 455 metres (1,493 ft), while the tallest single drop is 260 metres (850 ft). It tumbles down from the Hardanger Plateau.