hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crawfordjohn Castle
Crawfordjohn Castle, was a 12th-century castle, constructed by John, stepson of Baldwin de Biggar, near Crawfordjohn, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The site of the castle has yet to be confirmed and appears to have been abandoned in the 14th century after the construction of Boghouse Castle.

Local tradition states that King James V of Scotland, built a tower, as a residence for his mistress, Elizabeth, daughter of John Carmichael of Meadowflat who was the keeper of nearby Crawford Castle, used as a hunting residence by James V.

Crawford Castle
Crawford Castle, substantially in ruins, is located on the north bank of the River Clyde, around 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) north of Crawford, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The ruins stand on an earlier motte and bailey earthwork. The castle is also known as Lindsay Tower, after its former owners, the Lindsay family. The strategic location of the castle, at  NS954213, guards the strategically important Mennock Pass from England into the upper Clyde Valley.
Kim Han-yoon
Kim Han-Yoon (born 11 July 1974) is a South Korean football manager and former player. His previous clubs include FC Seoul, Bucheon SK (currently Jeju United FC), Pohang Steelers and Busan I'Park. He came out of retirement to sign as playing coach for Busan I'Park in April 2011, making his debut on 20 April 2011, and scoring in a 2–1 win for Busan over Sangju Sangmu Phoenix in the 2011 Rush & Cash Cup. Kim Han Yoon wrote himself into I'Park folklore with a winning goal in the dying minutes of the Rush Cash & Cup semi final against Suwon on 7 July 2011. In 2019, he assisted coach Park Hang-seo helping Vietnam win a gold medal at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games.

Busan IPark
Busan IPark FC (Korean: 부산 아이파크 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Busan that competes in K League 2, the second tier of the South Korean football pyramid. They play their home games at the Busan Gudeok Stadium.

Busan IPark was founded as a semi-professional team in November 1979 by Saehan Motors. The club was one of the original five founding members of the K League and continuously competed in the first division from 1983 to 2015, when they were relegated for the first time. Initially, the club was called Daewoo Royals, in reference to the motor company that originally owned and financed it. Since the early 2000s, Busan has received financial backing from the HDC Group and its apartment brand IPARK, rebranding as Pusan i.cons and later as Busan IPark.
LaVerne Jeanne
LaVerne Masayesva Jeanne is an anthropologist and linguist at the University of Nevada at Reno, where she is an emerita associate professor.

She received her PhD at MIT in 1978, where she studied with linguist Ken Hale. Together with MIT her classmate Navajo Paul R. Platero, Jeanne is one of the first two Native Americans to have received a PhD degree in linguistics.

Her work has been primarily focused on the Hopi language (her mother language). Her 1978 thesis (supervised by Hale) was entitled Aspects of Hopi Grammar. She also co-authored a heavily cited article in Language with Hale, Michael Krauss, Colette Craig, and others on the state of endangered languages. She was also involved with Hopi revitalization projects.

Paul Platero
Paul Platero (October 5, 1942 – November 16, 2020) was a Navajo linguist. He was born into the Water’s Edge Clan for the Two Who Came To the Water Clan. He was a student of the late MIT linguistics professor Ken Hale. Platero earned his Ph.D. in linguistics from MIT, with a dissertation on the relative clause in Navajo.

He published articles about the syntax and grammar of Navajo, and co-edited an overview of the Athabaskan languages.

Platero taught the Navajo language at institutions including Swarthmore College and the Navajo Language Academy, and also participated in language revitalization efforts to promote the use of Navajo among Navajo youth.
Sahwa, Rajasthan
Sahawa (or Sahwa) is a village in the Taranagar sub-district of Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. This place is famous for an historical Gurudwara and parali transport also.sahawa situated Border of Hanumangarh and Churu district.Sahawa Near City and Village are Kanau,Kunji ,Khopra,Dheerwas Bara,Baniyala. Sahawa are largest Village of Churu district.

Dheerwas Bara
Dheerwas Bara is a village in Taranagar Tehsil in Churu district in Rajasthan, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 6,867.

3,571 are employed, with about 54.5% describing their job as main work and the other 45.5% describing their work as marginal or temporary. 1,420 of the main work were cultivators, meaning they were owners or co-owners of a farm, and 198 were simply agricultural laborers.
Gmina Janów, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Gmina Janów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Janów, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Sokółka and 39 km (24 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 207.84 square kilometres (80.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,427.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Knyszyń Forest Landscape Park.

Sokółka
Sokółka (pronounced [sɔˈkuu̯ka]; Belarusian: Саку́лка, Yiddish: סאקאלקע, romanized: Sokolke) is a town in northeastern Poland, seat of the Sokółka County in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is a busy rail junction located on the international Warsaw–Białystok–Grodno line, with additional connections which go to Suwałki and the Lithuanian border.
Kings of Colosseum (2026)
Kings of Colosseum is an upcoming professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that will take place at the NYTEX Sports Centre in North Richland Hills, Texas at a to be announced date. It will be the sixth event in the Kings of Colosseum chronology. The event will air live on BeIN Sports USA and stream live on MLW's YouTube channel.

Kings of Colosseum
Kings of Colosseum is a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held in 2019.

The first three events served as television tapings for, and special episodes of, MLW Fusion. The first event aired as a special live episode of Fusion, while the second event was taped behind closed doors.
Sas Carey
Sas Carey (born 1945) (aka SallyAnn Carey) is an American film director, author, teacher, holistic nurse, and spiritual healer. She is best known for her four feature documentaries: Gobi Women's Song, Ceremony, Migration and Transition and her two books Reindeer Herders in My Heart: Stories of Healing Journeys in Mongolia, and Marrying Mongolia: A Memoir. She founded the non-profit Nomadicare, which works to support and preserve traditional Mongolian nomadic culture through healthcare, films and stories.

Middlebury, Vermont
Middlebury is the shire town (county seat) of Addison County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,152. Middlebury is home to Middlebury College and the Henry Sheldon Museum of Vermont History and the adjacent hardware store.
Galilaei (Martian crater)
Galilaei is a large impact crater on Mars in the region known as Margaritifer Terra. The crater is in the southern part of the Oxia Palus quadrangle (MC-11) at 5.7°N 333.0°E.  Galilaei is located north of Hydaspis Chaos in the area east of Tiu Valles and west of Ares Vallis.  The crater was named after the Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei.  Galilaei is one of the numerous large craters that formed during the Noachian Period, which ended around 3.7 billion years ago.  The crater floor was modified by superficial geologic processes through Late Hesperian time, as mapped by Tanaka, K.L. and others.

Hydaspis Chaos
Hydaspis Chaos is a region in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at
3.2° north latitude and 27.1° west longitude.  The region is about 355 km across.  It was named after a classical albedo feature.
2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's mass start
The women's mass start in the 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over four races on four occasions, out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 16–18 November 2012, and the final occasion also taking place in Heerenveen on 8–10 March 2013.

Kim Bo-reum of South Korea won the cup, while the defending champion, Mariska Huisman of the Netherlands, came second, and Ivanie Blondin of Canada came third.

2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2012–13 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2012–2013, was a series of international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 16 November 2012 in Heerenveen, Netherlands, and ended with the final on 10 March 2013, also in Heerenveen. In total, nine competition weekends were held at eight different locations, twelve cups were contested (six for men, and six for women), and 82 races took place.

This season world cup points was awarded in the mass start event. Additionally, the team sprint was contested as a demonstration event at both Heerenveen competitions. The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
2019–20 Chattanooga FC season
The 2019–20 Chattanooga FC season was the club's first season playing in the National Independent Soccer Association, a newly established third division soccer league in the United States, and first professional season since being established in 2009.

National Independent Soccer Association
The National Independent Soccer Association (NISA) is a professional men's soccer league in the United States. The league is previously in the third tier of American soccer and began play in 2019. NISA initially used a fall-to-spring season format with a winter break but have switched to spring-to-fall which is more common in the United States. The league went on hiatus during the 2025 season but plans to resume play in 2026.
Edmund Duffy
Edmund Duffy (March 1, 1899 – September 12, 1962), was an American editorial cartoonist.  He grew up in Jersey City, New Jersey, eventually moving to metropolitan areas. Duffy did not attend high school, but instead went into the Art Students League of New York. Duffy's career took him to London, Paris, New York, and finally to Baltimore, where he spent the majority of his professional career working for The Baltimore Sun.

Duffy won three Pulitzer Prizes for Editorial Cartooning in 1931, 1934, and 1940. Duffy began working for the Baltimore Sun in 1924, when he was only about 25 years old, and he received high praise from the famous journalist H.L. Mencken.

Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary
The Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary is one of the fourteen Pulitzer Prizes that is annually awarded for journalism in the United States. It is the successor to the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning awarded from 1922 to 2021.
Gapik
The gapik (Azerbaijani: qəpik, pronounced [ɡæˈpic]) is a monetary unit of Azerbaijan, equal to 1⁄100 of the Azerbaijani manat. The 2006 redenomination of the manat introduced coins of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 gapiks into circulation.

The 1, 3 and 5 gapik are made of copper-covered steel. The 10 and 20 gapik are of brass-covered steel, and the 50 gapik is bimetallic.

The word gapik (qəpik) is derived from the Russian word kopeck (копе́йка, from копьё, "spear"), which was a Russian coin since the time of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, and is now the monetary subunit of the Russian ruble, Ukrainian hryvnia, Belarusian ruble and the Transnistrian ruble.

Belarusian ruble
The ruble, rouble or rubel (Belarusian: рубель, romanized: rubieĺ; Russian: рубль, romanized: rubl'; symbol: , ISO code: BYN) is the official currency of Belarus. It is subdivided into 100 kopecks (Belarusian: капейка, romanized: kapiejka, Russian: копейка, romanized: kopeyka).

The exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble is determined based on a basket of currencies consisting of the Russian ruble (with a weight of 60%), the US dollar (with a weight of 30%) and the renminbi (with a weight of 10%). The euro was part of said currency basket but was excluded in December 2022 due to a decrease in the volume of trade between Belarus and the European Union.
Polywell
The polywell is a proposed design for a fusion reactor using an electric and magnetic field to heat ions to fusion conditions.

The design is related to the fusor, the high beta fusion reactor, the magnetic mirror, and the biconic cusp. A set of electromagnets generates a magnetic field that traps electrons. This creates a negative voltage, which attracts positive ions. As the ions accelerate towards the negative center, their kinetic energy rises. Ions that collide at high enough energies can fuse.

Plasma beta
The beta of a plasma, symbolized by β, is the ratio of the plasma pressure (p = nkBT) to the magnetic pressure (pmag = B2/2μ0). The term is commonly used in studies of the Sun and Earth's magnetic field, and in the field of fusion power designs.

In the fusion power field, plasma is often confined using strong magnets. Since the temperature of the fuel scales with pressure, reactors attempt to reach the highest pressures possible. The costs of large magnets roughly scales like β1/2.  Therefore, beta can be thought of as a ratio of money out to money in for a reactor, and beta can be thought of (very approximately) as an economic indicator of reactor efficiency. For tokamaks, betas of larger than 0.05 or 5% are desired for economically viable electrical production.

The same term is also used when discussing the interactions of the solar wind with various magnetic fields. For example, beta in the corona of the Sun is about 0.01.
Bargaon, Odisha
Bargaon or Baragan is a village under Khariar tehsil in Nuapada district in the state of Odisha, India. It is situated 10 km away from the sub-district headquarters Khariar and 63 km towards south from district headquarters Nuapada.

The word "Bargaon" is composed of two words: "Bara" means 'Divine' and "gaan" or "gaon" means 'village'. On the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the village was recognised as "Lok Kala Gram" of Nuapada district by the Department of Language, Literature, and Culture of the Government of Odisha.

Lower Indra Dam
Tikhali Dam  is a major irrigation project of the Government of Odisha, and part of the Lower Indra Irrigation Project. The dam is located on the Indra River, a tributary of the Tel River, near the village of Dargoan, in Khariar block of Nuapada district. The areas affected are located in Balangir, and Nuapada districts. Construction began in 1997 and was completed in 2019 at a cost of 1624.49 Cr INR  Scheduled date of Completion was March 2004 but Completed on 3 December 2019. The project costs escalated 10 times due to the delay.
Renaissance of Sumer
The Renaissance of Sumer is a period of the history of Mesopotamia that includes the years between the fall of the Akkadian Empire and the period of the Amorite dynasties of Isin and Larsa—both with governments of Semitic origin—between the centuries 22nd B.C. and 21st B.C. Within this stage the years of the so-called Third Dynasty of Ur or "Ur III" stand out, because of the new hegemony that would embrace all Mesopotamia, this time with the city of Ur at the head.

Amar-Sin
Amar-Sin (Akkadian: 𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪: DAmarDSîn, "calf of Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"; died c. 2037 BC) initially misread as Bur-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC) middle chronology, was the third ruler of the Third Dynasty of Ur. He succeeded Shulgi, who might have been his father. His name translates to 'bull calf of the moon-god'. The name Amar-Sin was not recorded before his ascension and is a "throne name". His original name, and whether he was actually the son of Shulgi, is unknown. It has been proposed that Amar-Sin, Shu-Sin, and Ibbi-Sin were all brothers and sons of Shulgi. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Amar-Sin was a nephew of Shulgi, explaining his difficulties at the beginning and ending of his reign.
Rafael Pérez Pareja
Rafael Pérez Pareja (1836–1897) was a public figure in 19th-century Ecuador, a supporter of liberalism.

He served as Vice President of Ecuador from 15 October 1883 to 10 February 1884.

Born in the household formed by José María Pérez Calisto, Knight First Class of the Royal American Order of Isabel the Catholic, and Leonor de Pareja y Arteta.

He fought vehemently against the dictatorship of Ignacio de Veintemilla.

He was military chief of the province of Pichincha, only to be interim president of Ecuador as a member of pentavirato who ruled the country between 14 January and 15 October 1883, along with Pablo Herrera, Luis Cordero, Pedro Lizarzaburu and Agustin Guerrero.

He married Munoz Antonia Chiriboga in 1850.

Vice President of Ecuador
The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Salary of the vice president is US$4,869 per month.

The current vice president is Maria Jose Pinto since 24 May 2025.

Below is the history of the office holders.
8th LG Cup
The 8th LG Cup featured:

12 players from  South Korea - An Choyoung, An Young-gil, Cho Hanseung, Cho Hunhyun, Hong Jang-sik, Kim Joo-ho, Lee Chang-ho, Lee Sedol, Mok Jin-seok, Won Seong-jin, Yoo Changhyuk

5 players from  Japan - Cho Chikun, Hane Naoki, O Meien, O Rissei, Ryu Shikun

4 players from  China - Chang Hao, Wang Lei, Yu Bin, Zhou Heyang

1 player from  Taiwan - Zhou Junxun

1 player from  North America - Michael Redmond

1 player from  Europe - Alexandre Dinerchtein

Out of the 24 players that participated, the holder of the 7th LG Cup, Lee Sedol, and runner-up Lee Chang-ho were given automatic berths.

7th LG Cup
The 7th LG Cup featured:

12 players from  South Korea - An Dal-Hoon, Cho Hanseung, Cho Hunhyun, Kim Sungjun, Lee Chang-ho, Lee Sang-Hoon, Lee Sedol, Park Young-Hoon, Won Seong-jin, Yoo Changhyuk, Yun Junsang, Zhujiu Jiang

5 players from  Japan - Cho Chikun, Hane Naoki, Kobayashi Koichi, O Meien, O Rissei

4 players from  China - Chang Hao, Ma Xiaochun, Yu Bin, Zhou Heyang

1 player from  Taiwan - Zhou Junxun

1 player from  North America - Mingjiu Jiang

1 player from  Europe - Cătălin Țăranu
Sheykhlar, Qazvin
Sheykhlar (Persian: شيخلر, also Romanized as Shaikhlar and Shaykhlyar) is a village in Kuhgir Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 22 families.

Kuhgir Rural District
Kuhgir Rural District (Persian: دهستان كوهگير) is in Tarom-e Sofla District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kuhgir-e Sofla, which was the capital of Niyarak Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Niyarak.
Yamaha TW200
The Yamaha TW200 is a 196 cc single cylinder dual-sport motorcycle manufactured and marketed by Yamaha since 1987.  TW is an abbreviation for Trail Way. In 2001 an update was made that removed the kick start and replaced the front drum brake with a disc brake. Due to its large tires, it has been compared to the 2-wheel-drive Rokon and has been called a "two-wheeled quad".

In a review of the 2020 model, Ultimate Motorcycling said, "If you're patient and persistent, the TW can take you almost anywhere."

Dual-sport motorcycle
A dual-sport motorcycle  is a type of motorcycle that is designed for varying degrees of off-road use while still being street-legal.  Dual-sports are equipped with lights, a speedometer, mirrors, a horn, registration plates, turn signals, and a muffler with spark arrestor and decibel noise output to comply with government regulations. They vary considerably in engine size and weight, though they are typically 510cc or smaller. They are often versions of off-road bikes that have been made legal for street driving.

Other names such as all-road, on/off-road, dual-purpose, and adventure bike may be chosen by the manufacturer based upon the size, weight, and intended application of the motorcycle. Typically the dual sport category weighs less than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable off-road, while adventure bikes are more than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable on the pavement.
Transportation bill
In the United States, the federal transportation bill refers to any of a number of multi-year funding bills for surface transportation programs.  These have included:

Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act, 1987

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), 1991

The National Highway System Designation Act (NHS), 1995

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), 1998

Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), 2005

Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), 2012

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST), 2015

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, 2021

Previous multi-year highway spending bills were known as Federal-Aid Highway Acts.

Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act
The Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act, or the FAST Act, is a funding and authorization bill to govern United States federal surface transportation spending. It was passed by Congress on December 3, 2015, and President Barack Obama signed it on the following day. The vote was 359–65 in the House and 83–16 in the Senate.
Jacob Nena
Jacob Nena (10 October 1941 – 6 July 2022) was a Micronesian politician who served as the fourth President of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1996 to 1999.

Nena was born in Lelu, Kosrae. He graduated with a BA from the College of Guam and later graduated with an MA degree from University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He served as deputy district administrator of Kosrae from 1970 to 1977. He became the first elected Governor of Kosrae from 1979 to 1983.

Nena served as Vice President under Bailey Olter from 1991; after Olter suffered a stroke in July 1996, Nena took over as acting president on 8 November of that year and was sworn in as president on 8 May 1997, serving out the remaining two years of Olter's term.  
Nena died in Sacramento, California on 6 July 2022 at the age of 80.

President of the Federated States of Micronesia
The president of the Federated States of Micronesia is the head of state and government of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The FSM president, by virtue of their office, is the head of the FSM Cabinet and is in charge of the administration and operations of the National Government. The president is assisted by the vice president, both of whom are elected by the FSM Congress from among the at-large members to serve for four-year terms. The current and tenth president of the FSM is Wesley Simina, who replaced David Panuelo on 11 May 2023.