hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pharaonism
Pharaonism is an ideology that rose to prominence in Egypt in the 1920s and 1930s. A version of Egyptian nationalism, it argued for the existence of an Egyptian national continuity from ancient history to the modern era, stressing the role of ancient Egypt and incorporating anti-colonial sentiment. Pharaonism's most notable advocate was Taha Hussein.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Oberwälder Land
The Oberwälder Land is a natural region in the extreme east of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia with small elements parts in Hesse and Lower Saxony. It consists of Muschelkalk upland, heavily dissected by the Nethe and its tributaries, between the Eggegebirge to the west, the Lippe Uplands to the north, the Weser Valley around Holzminden to the east, the West Hesse Depression to the southeast and the Warburg Börde to the south. This natural region is part of the upper Weser Uplands and hence the German Central Uplands.

West Hesse Depression
The West Hesse Depression (German: Westhessische Senke) is part of the West Hesse Highlands and Lowlands region in the north of the German state of Hesse. Like the East Hesse Depression, it is a series of separate depressions that form a natural corridor and have been an important historical trade route.
WRLS-FM
WRLS-FM (92.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Hayward, Wisconsin, United States.  The station's broadcast license is held by Vacationland Broadcasting, Inc.

WRLS-FM broadcasts an adult contemporary music format to the greater Hayward, Wisconsin-Spooner, Wisconsin, area. The station airs select news programming from NBC News Radio.  WRLS-FM airs the National Football League games of the Green Bay Packers as an affiliate of the Packers Radio Network.

The station was assigned the call sign WRLS-FM by the Federal Communications Commission on January 15, 1980.

Packers Radio Network
The Packers Radio Network is a broadcast radio network and the official radio broadcaster of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), fully under the team's control in regards to technical productions and on-air personnel. The network's flagship is iHeartMedia's WRIT-FM (95.7 FM) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and its coverage is also heard nationwide through NFL Game Pass, SiriusXM, and TuneIn.

The team's play-by-play announcer is Wayne Larrivee, with former Packer center Larry McCarren providing color commentary since 1995. Former Packers fullback John Kuhn serves as the network's sideline reporter.
Passany sea catfish
The Passany sea catfish (Sciades passany) is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Achille Valenciennes in 1840, originally under the genus Bagrus. It occurs in estuaries and coastal marine waters in Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago. It reaches a maximum total length of 100 cm (39 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 50 cm (20 in). It reaches a maximum weight of 15 kg (33 lb). Although not specifically fished for, it is eaten when caught. It may be a host for the parasite Amapacanthus Amazonicus.

The passany sea catfish is currently ranked as Data Deficient by the IUCN redlist, but notes that although the species is not of significant interest to fisheries, it possibly has a slow maturation rate due to its size, which may affect its potential for overexploitation.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Rhodovulum sulfidophilum
Rhodovulum sulfidophilum is a gram-negative purple nonsulfur bacteria. The cells are rod-shaped, and range in size from 0.6 to 0.9 μm wide and 0.9 to 2.0 μm long, and have a polar flagella. These cells reproduce asexually by binary fission. This bacterium can grow anaerobically (photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic) when light is present, or aerobically (chemoheterotrophic) under dark conditions. It contains the photosynthetic pigments bacteriochlorophyll a and of carotenoids.

There is interest in R. sulfidophilum for its applications in producing artificial spider silk  and biocompounds, waste remediation and for its use in aquaculture.

Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics. The poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) form of PHB is probably the most common type of polyhydroxyalkanoate, but other polymers of this class are produced by a variety of organisms: these include poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH), polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO) and their copolymers.
Sam Adekugbe
Samuel Ayomide Adekugbe Listenⓘ(born January 16, 1995) is a professional soccer player who plays as a left-back for Major League Soccer club Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Born in England, he represents the Canada national team.

2022–23 Süper Lig
The 2022–23 Süper Lig, officially called the Spor Toto Süper Lig 2022–23 season, was the 65th season of the Süper Lig, the highest tier football league of Turkey. The season has started on 5 August 2022 and ended on 7 June 2023.

Galatasaray clinched their 23rd league title, and first since the 2018–19 season, on 30 May 2023, with two games to spare.

Due to Turkey's poor UEFA ranking (20th at the end of the 2021–22 season), in this season only four teams qualified for the European cups instead of the usual five. The team in first place entered the 2023–24 UEFA Champions League's second qualifying round, while teams in second and third place, as well the winners of the 2022–23 Turkish Cup, entered the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League's second qualifying round.
Torgelow-Holländerei
Torgelow-Holländerei (German pronunciation: [ˈtɔʁɡəloː ˌhɔlɛndəˈʁaɪ]) is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 25 May 2014, it is part of the town Torgelow.

Vorpommern-Greifswald
Vorpommern-Greifswald is a district in the east of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte and Vorpommern-Rügen, the Baltic Sea, Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship) and the state of Brandenburg. The district seat is the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald. A lake called Berliner See is found in the district.
Yokuba
Yokuba is listed in the Nuttall Encyclopaedia as the largest town in Sokoto State, in the Lower Soudan, with a large trade in cotton, tobacco, and indigo plant. It states that, at the time of writing, the town had a population of 150,000.

Sokoto is now a province in Nigeria but was at one time a much larger kingdom (see Sokoto for details). In the 19th century both Sokoto and Soudan referred to larger geographic areas than they do today, so it uncertain what, if any, modern town Nuttall was referring to.

Oddly, the eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, published just four years after the Nuttall Encyclopedia (and shortly after the federation of Nigeria), makes no mention of the town and does not show it on its map of the new nation, despite a considerable number of towns being shown in the Sokoto region.

Sokoto (city)
Sokoto
Listenⓘ is a major city located in extreme north-western Nigeria, near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006, it had a population of over 427,760. Sokoto is the modern-day capital of Sokoto State and was previously the capital of the north-western states. Modern Sokoto is known for trading sheepskins, cattle hides, leather crafts (a significant export), kola nuts and goatskins.

The historic seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
Hugh Lloyd-Jones
Sir Peter Hugh Jefferd Lloyd-Jones FBA (21 September 1922 – 5 October 2009) was a British classical scholar and Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Oxford. Educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford, he served as a linguist and intelligence officer during the Second World War, including a stint at the code-breaking centre at Bletchley Park. After a brief fellowship at Jesus College, Cambridge, he moved to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he remained for the rest of his academic career. In 1961, he was made Regius Professor of Greek.

Lloyd-Jones's publications included editions of the Greek playwrights Menander, Sophocles and Aeschylus, as well as works on classical literature and classical reception. He was knighted on his retirement in 1989, and died in 2009 in Wellesley, Massachusetts, where he lived with his second wife, Mary Lefkowitz.

Literae humaniores
Literae humaniores, nicknamed Greats, is an undergraduate course focused on classics (ancient Rome, ancient Greece, Latin, ancient Greek, and philosophy) at the University of Oxford and some other universities. The Latin name means literally "more human literature" and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began, i.e. res divinae (or literae divinae, lit. div.), also known as theology. Lit. hum., is concerned with human learning, and lit. div. with learning treating of God. In its early days, it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well. It is an archetypal humanities course.
1989 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1989 Southwest Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 10–12, 1989, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas.

Number 1 seed Arkansas defeated 2 seed Texas 100-76 to win their 4th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA tournament.

1988–89 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented The University of Texas at Austin in intercollegiate basketball competition during the 1988–89 season. The Longhorns were led by first-year head coach Tom Penders. The team finished the season with a 25–9 overall record and finished second in Southwest Conference play with a 12–4 conference record. Texas advanced to the NCAA tournament, recording an opening round win over Georgia Tech before falling to Missouri in the second round.
2004 Tour de Suisse
The 2004 Tour de Suisse was the 68th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 12 June to 20 June 2004. The race started in Sursee and finished in Lugano. The race was won by Jan Ullrich of the T-Mobile team.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The men's foil was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-third appearance of the event. The competition was held on 20 September 2000. 40 fencers from 22 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Kim Yeong-Ho of South Korea, the first Asian man to win an Olympic fencing title. Ralf Bißdorf of Germany took silver, the first medal for united Germany since 1928 (though East and West Germany had each won medals separately). Dmitry Shevchenko's bronze medal was Russia's first as an independent nation in the event.

Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
At the 2000 Summer Olympics, ten fencing events were contested. Men competed in both individual and team events for each of the three weapon types (épée, foil and sabre). Women competed in the foil and the épée events. The events took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.
Dalnavert, Highland
Dalnavert   (Scottish Gaelic Dail nam Feart) is a small rural hamlet, that lies 4 miles northeast of Insh, and  8 miles northeast of Kingussie, in the strath of the River Spey, in the west Cairngorms National Park,  in Badenoch and Strathspey, Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. Dalnavert is the ancestral home of Sir John A. Macdonald, first Prime Minister of Canada. Both his mother and first wife came from Dalnavert.

The single track B970 B road which connects Kingussie to Inverdruie passes Dalnavert.

Inverdruie
Inverdruie  (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Dhrùidh) is a small rural hamlet, that lies 2 miles southeast of Aviemore, in the strath of the River Spey, in the west Cairngorms National Park,  in Badenoch and Strathspey, Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

The single track B970 B road which connects Kingussie to Aviemore passes Inverdruie.
Kalevi Kotkas
Kalevi Kotkas (10 August 1913 – 24 August 1983) was an Estonian-born Finnish athlete, specializing in high jump, discus throw and shot put. He became the first ever European champion in high jump, in 1934 in Turin, and competed in the 1932 and 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he cleared the same height of 2.00 m as the medalists Dave Albritton and Delos Thurber, but made more attempts and was placed fourth.

Kalevi Kotkas set four European records in high jump, but two of them – achieved in Rio de Janeiro in 1934 – were never ratified. The ratified records were 2.03 meters (Helsinki, 12 July 1936) and 2.04 meters (Gothenburg, 1 September 1936).

Delos Thurber
Delos Packard Thurber (November 23, 1916, in Los Angeles, California – May 12, 1987, in San Diego, California) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the high jump. He graduated from the University of Southern California.

He competed for the United States in the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, then part of Nazi Germany, in the high jump where he won the bronze medal.

During World War II Thurber was a pilot, serving in the Pacific Theater of Operations.  After the war he stayed on in the Philippines as one of the founders of what would become Philippine Airlines.  He eventually settled in San Diego and continued to fly DC-3 part-time for a non-sked operation until his 60th birthday forced his retirement from that.
2011 Copa Petrobras Montevideo
The 2011 Copa Petrobras Montevideo was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Montevideo, Uruguay between 14 and 20 November 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
San Matteo al Cassaro
The Church of San Matteo al Cassaro (Italian: Chiesa di San Matteo al Cassaro; English: Church of Saint Matthew at Cassaro) is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy. It is located in the main street of the city, the ancient Cassaro now Corso Vittorio Emanuele, in the quarter of the Loggia, about a block east of the Quattro Canti, within the historic centre of Palermo.

The church was built between 1633 and 1664 by the will of the Miseremini confraternity, dedicated to prayers for souls in Purgatory. The building was probably designed by the architect of the Senate of Palermo, Mariano Smiriglio, but was completed by Gaspare Guercio and Carlo D'Aprile. It is decorated with many works of important Sicilian artists like Vito D'Anna, Pietro Novelli, Giacomo Serpotta, Giuseppe Testa (painter), Bartolomeo Sanseverino, Filippo Randazzo, Antonio Manno, Francesco Sozzi.

The church is also connected to the palermitan legend of the Beati Paoli.

Quattro Canti
Quattro Canti, officially known as Piazza Vigliena, is a Baroque square in Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy; it is considered the center of the historic quarters of the city. The site is the intersection of two major streets in Palermo, the Via Maqueda and the Corso Vittorio Emanuele (also known as the Cassaro), and at this intersection are the corners of all four of the ancient quarters (Cantons or Canti) of Palermo: the Kalsa (SE); Seralcadi (SW); Albergaria (NW); and Castellammare (NE). On the southwest corner stands the church of San Giuseppe dei Padre Teatini. A few steps away along the flank of this church, behind the Southeast corner building, along Via Maqueda is the Piazza and Fontana Pretoria, sandwiched between this church and Santa Caterina. A few more steps reaches San Cataldo and the ancient Norman church of La Martorana.
About 500 meters west along the Cassaro is the piazza of the Cathedral of Palermo and the adjacent Palazzo dei Normanni.
Paul Cohn
Paul Moritz Cohn FRS (8 January 1924 – 20 April 2006) was Astor Professor of Mathematics at University College London, 1986–1989, and author of many textbooks on algebra. His work was mostly in the area of algebra, especially non-commutative rings.

London Mathematical Society
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and the Operational Research Society (ORS).
Specialist Cadet School
The Specialist Cadet School (SCS, Chinese: 见习士官学府, Malay: Sekolah Kadet Pakar, Tamil: நிபுைத்துவ பயிற்சி அதிகாரிப் பள்ளி) is the military training centre for the Singapore Armed Forces' specialists, the equivalent of non-commissioned officers (NCOs) in other countries' armed forces. Made up of twelve companies divided into three schools (SCS I, SCS II, and SCS III), it is located in Pasir Laba Camp in the Western Water Catchment.

The three schools, along with the SAFWOS Leadership School (SAFWOS) and Specialist and Warrant Officer Advanced School (SWAS), form the Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute (SWI).

Western Water Catchment
The Western Water Catchment is a planning area located in the West Region of Singapore. The planning area borders Tuas and Pioneer to its south, Sungei Kadut, Choa Chu Kang and Tengah to its east, Jurong West to its southeast, Lim Chu Kang to its north and the Straits of Johor to its west. It is the largest planning area by land area, covering nearly a tenth of Singapore Island. It is also one of the two main water catchments in Singapore, the other being Central Water Catchment.

The area currently houses four reservoirs, Tengeh Reservoir, Poyan Reservoir, Murai Reservoir and Sarimbun Reservoir. Part of the Western Water Catchment is also a live-firing area in which it is used by the Singapore Armed Forces for training purposes.

The SAFTI Live Firing Area commenced operations in 1968 and was revamped in 2008, the eastern part began operations in 2002 and has been extended to Lim Chu Kang Tracks 11 and 13.
Gwent County FA Amateur Cup
The Gwent County Football Association Amateur Cup is the regional knock-out competition for clubs beneath the umbrella of the Gwent County Football Association in South Wales. Known as the Gwent Amateur Cup, it has also in its history been called the Monmouthshire Amateur Cup.

Ynysddu Welfare F.C.
Ynysddu Welfare Football Club was a Welsh football team based in Ynysddu, a small village and community of the lower Sirhowy Valley in south-east Wales. Their last season was played in the Gwent Premier League Division One, which is the fifth tier of the FAW Pyramid System.
Gibson Lake (Thunder Bay District)
Gibson Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin. The lake has one major unnamed inflow, at the south. The outflow, also unnamed, is at the north and leads to Alphonse Bay on Caribou Lake, which in turn flows via the Caribou River, Smoothrock Lake, the Ogoki River and the Albany River to James Bay.

Smoothrock Lake
Smoothrock Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and lies in Wabakimi Provincial Park. The lake has three major inflows: the Caribou River at Caribou Bay at the east; and the Boiling Sand River and the Lookout River, at the south. A secondary inflow is Berry Creek at the southwest. The main outflow is the Berg River from Outlet Bay at the north centre, and leads north to the Ogoki River. A secondary outflow, unnamed and at the northeast, heads from Lonebreast Bay north through a series of lakes to Whitewater Lake, further downstream on the Ogoki River. The Ogoki River flows via the Albany River to James Bay.
Picilorex
Picilorex (INN; brand name Roxenan; IUPAC: 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-2-methylpyrrolidine) is an anorectic which is no longer marketed. It is a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, a stimulant as well as a derivate of pyrrolidine.

Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.  It is a cyclic secondary amine, also classified as a saturated heterocycle.  It is a colourless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a characteristic odor that has been described as "ammoniacal, fishy, shellfish-like". In addition to pyrrolidine itself, many substituted pyrrolidines are known.
Al Araba 1
The Al Araba 1 (Arabic: العربة) is a sports luxury car created by a joint venture between Saudi Arabian automobile maker Al-Araba Company (officially a vehicle armoring company) and Indian vehicle customising and modification company DC Design . This car was the first Saudi Arabian made civilian vehicle. The project was completed in 2003 and was shown at the Geneva Motor Show. It was built by Fouzi Ayoub Sabri and Dilip Chhabria who based their project on the Mitsubishi Lancer. Few cars were made to keep its rarity and pricing at US$270,000.

Luxury car
A luxury car is a passenger automobile providing superior comfort levels, features, and equipment. More expensive materials and surface finishes are used, and buyers expect a correspondingly high build quality.

The term is relative and unavoidably subjective, reflecting both objective qualities of a car and the projected and perceived image of the vehicle's marque. Luxury brands rank above premium brands, though there is no clear distinction between the two.

Luxury cars span from sports cars to large saloons and sport utility vehicles. "Compact" luxury vehicles also fill a niche.