hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool C
Group C of the 2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2001 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team advancing to the play-offs and the bottom team being relegated down to Group II for 2002.

2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first in their respective pools.

The four teams were then paired up the team from a different placing of the other group for a play-off tie, with the winners being promoted to the World Group play-offs.
Ehrenfest equations
Ehrenfest equations (named after Paul Ehrenfest) are equations which describe changes in specific heat capacity and derivatives of specific volume in second-order phase transitions. The Clausius–Clapeyron relation does not make sense for second-order phase transitions, as both specific entropy and specific volume do not change in second-order phase transitions.

Specific volume
In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance (symbol: ν, nu) is  the quotient of the substance's volume (V) to its mass (m):

It is a mass-specific intrinsic property of the substance. It is the reciprocal of density ρ (rho) and it is also related to the molar volume and molar mass:

The standard unit of specific volume is cubic meters per kilogram (m3/kg), but other units include ft3/lb, ft3/slug, or mL/g.

Specific volume for an ideal gas is related to the molar gas constant (R) and the gas's temperature (T), pressure (P), and molar mass (M) as shown:

Since  and
Creativity techniques
Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on. They can be used as part of problem solving, artistic expression, or therapy.

Some techniques require groups of two or more people while other techniques can be accomplished alone.  These methods include word games, written exercises and different types of improvisation, or algorithms for approaching problems. Aleatory techniques exploiting randomness are also common.

Mind map
A mind map is a  diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. It is often based on a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those major ideas.

Mind maps can also be drawn by hand, either as "notes" during a lecture, meeting or planning session, for example, or as higher quality pictures when more time is available. Mind maps are considered to be a type of spider diagram.
Bernard Paul (boxer)
Bernard "Punching Postman" Paul (born October 22, 1965) is a Mauritian/British professional light welter/welter/light middleweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s who won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Southern (England) Area light welterweight title, and Commonwealth light welterweight title, and was a challenger for the World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Jon Thaxton, British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British light welterweight title against Mark Winters, and World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Ricky Hatton, his professional fighting weight varied from 138 lb (63 kg; 9 st 12 lb), i.e. light welterweight to 149+1⁄4 lb (67.7 kg; 10 st 9.3 lb), i.e. light middleweight.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Peddapalle Assembly constituency
Peddapalle Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 3 constituencies in peddapalli district. It is part of Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency.

Chinthakunta Vijaya Ramana Rao of Indian National Congress won the 2023 election with over majority of 55,108 votes.

Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency
Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes
Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's K-2 1000 metres
The men's K-2 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park in Beijing between August 18 and 22.  The K-2 event is raced in two-person kayaks.

Competition consists of three rounds: the heats, the semifinals, and the final. All boats compete in the heats. The top 3 in each of the two heats advances directly to the final, while the next four finishers (places 4 through 7) in each heat move on to the semifinals. The top three finishers in each of the two semifinals join the heats winners in the final.

Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Canoeing at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held from August 11 to 23 at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park.

Peter Hochschorner and Pavol Hochschorner from Slovakia became the first slalom canoeists to win three Olympic gold medals.
Archival Platform
Archival platform is a South African civil society initiative committed to deepening democracy through the use of memory and archives as dynamic public resources. The Archival Platform was established in 2009 by the Archive and Public Culture Research Initiative at the University of Cape Town and the Nelson Mandela Foundation, aiming to draw attention to the growing crisis in the national archival system. The Archival Platform is funded by The Atlantic Philanthropies. The Platform focuses on the memory, documentary record, cultural practices, artifacts, and places of the country’s history.

Nelson Mandela Foundation
The Nelson Mandela Foundation is a nonprofit organisation founded by Nelson Mandela in 1999 to promote Mandela's vision of freedom and equality for all. The chairman is Naledi Pandor, and the chief executive officer is Dr. Mbongiseni Buthelezi.
Simona Levi
Simona Levi (born July 23, 1966) is a Spanish-Italian theatre director, playwright, activist, technopolitical strategist, cultural manager and curator, and lecturer. Born in Italy and with Spanish nationality, she has been living in Barcelona, Spain, since 1990. She is an activist in the field of freedom of expression and information, digital rights, the free flow of culture and knowledge, strategic use of digital tools for collective action, institutional accountability, protection of whistleblowers and the fight against corruption and disinformation. She has also participated in movements in defence of the right to housing and use of public space.

Free Culture Forum
The Free Culture Forum (FCForum) was an international meeting of relevant organisations and individuals involved in free culture, digital rights and access to knowledge. It took place in Barcelona every year from 2009 to 2015, jointly with the oXcars, a free culture festival. The oXcars (or OXcars) are a non-competitive awards ceremony held at Sala Apolo in Barcelona, Spain, in October each year. They are a public showcase that puts the spotlight on cultural creation and distribution carried out under the paradigms of shared culture. Through presentations and symbolic mentions of works in a series of categories, real legal situations involving free culture are shown using parody.
Alexera barii
Alexera barii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Jekel in 1861, originally under the genus Hesycha. It is known from Peru, Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname.

Hesycha
Hesycha is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Hesycha biguttata Martins & Galileo, 2010

Hesycha bimaculata Martins & Galileo, 1990

Hesycha clavata Martins & Galileo, 1990

Hesycha consimilis Thomson, 1868

Hesycha cribripennis Fairmaire & Germain, 1859

Hesycha crucifera Dillon & Dillon, 1952

Hesycha fasciata Martins & Galileo, 1990

Hesycha inermicollis (Breuning, 1940)

Hesycha microphthalma Martins & Galileo, 1990

Hesycha simplex Martins & Galileo, 1990

Hesycha strandi (Breuning, 1943)

Hesycha variabilis Dillon & Dillon, 1945
Mykonos B.C.
Mykonos B.C. and also known for sponsorship reasons as Mykonos Betsson, is a Greek professional basketball club that is located on the island of Mykonos and currently competes in the Greek Basketball League. The home ground of the team is a  indoor hall called "P. Chanioti Ano Mera Indoor Hall".

Greek Elite League
The Greek Elite League (Greek: Ελληνική Ελίτ Λιγκ), is a professional basketball league in Greece. It is the 2nd-tier level of pro competition, among clubs in the country. It is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation.
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
The Muslim conquest of Transoxiana, also called the Arab conquest of Transoxiana, was part of the early Muslim conquests. It began shortly after the Muslim conquest of Persia enabled the Arabs to enter Central Asia. Relatively small-scale incursions had taken place under the Rashidun Caliphate, but it was not until after the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate that an organized military effort was made to conquer Transoxiana, a region that today includes all or parts of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The campaign continued under the Abbasid Caliphate and gradually saw the Islamization of the region.

Türgesh
The Türgesh or Türgish (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑, romanized: Türügeš budun, lit. 'Türgesh people'; simplified Chinese: 突骑施; traditional Chinese: 突騎施; pinyin: Tūqíshī; Wade–Giles: T'u-ch'i-shih; Old Tibetan: Du-rgyas) were a Turkic tribal confederation. Once belonging to the Duolu wing of the Western Turkic On Oq elites, Türgeshes emerged as an independent power after the demise of the Western Turks and established a khaganate in 699. The Türgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. Türgesh and Göktürks were related through marriage.
Aremberg Castle
Aremberg Castle (German: Burg Aremberg) is a ruined mediaeval hill castle on the  Aremberg in the Ahr Hills in the Eifel region in Germany. The ruins lie near Aremberg in the county of Ahrweiler in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Ahrweiler (district)
Ahrweiler (German pronunciation: [ˈaːɐ̯ˌvaɪlɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Euskirchen, Rhein-Sieg and the city of Bonn in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and the districts of Neuwied, Mayen-Koblenz and Vulkaneifel.
Jon Hansen
Jon Hansen (born 1985/1986) is an American politician currently serving as a representative for the 25th Legislative District in the South Dakota House of Representatives and as Speaker of the South Dakota House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, he formerly served as the Speaker pro tempore of the South Dakota House of Representatives.

Hansen previously served as a representative for District 25 in 2011–2013.  Hansen currently serves as chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and as a house majority whip.

Hansen is currently running for Governor of South Dakota with fellow state representative Karla Lems as his running mate.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
William A. Ketcham
William Alexander Ketcham (January 2, 1846 - December 27, 1921) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician who served as the sixteenth Indiana Attorney General from November 22, 1894, to November 22, 1898. Ketcham also served as Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic from September 24, 1920, to September 29, 1921.

Indiana Attorney General
The Indiana Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Indiana in the United States. Attorneys General are chosen by a statewide general election to serve for a four-year term. The forty-fourth and current Attorney General is Todd Rokita.
Talmei Yaffe
Talmei Yaffe (Hebrew: תַּלְמֵי יָפֶה, lit. 'Yaffe Furrows') is a moshav shitufi in southern Israel. Located near Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof Ashkelon Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 677.

Moshav shitufi
A moshav shitufi (Hebrew: מושב שיתופי, lit. collective moshav, pl. moshavim shitufiim) is a type of cooperative Israeli village, whose organizational principles place it between the kibbutz and the moshav on the scale of cooperation.
Belle Island (Andaman Islands)
Belle Island is an island of the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island lies 58 km (36 mi) north from Port Blair.

Baratang Island
Baratang Island is an island of the Andaman Islands.  It belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island lies 150 km (93 mi) north of Port Blair.
History of Tallahassee, Florida
The history of Tallahassee, Florida, much like the history of Leon County, dates back to the settlement of the Americas. Beginning in the 16th century, the region was colonized by Europeans, becoming part of Spanish Florida. In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty ceded Spanish Florida, including modern-day Tallahassee, to the United States. Tallahassee became a city and the state capital of Florida in 1821; the American takeover led to the settlements' rapid expansion as growing numbers of cotton plantations began to spring up nearby, increasing Tallahassees' population significantly.

Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 – the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person – to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle, a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional, took effect.
Kinugawa (train)
The Kinugawa (きぬがわ) and Spacia Kinugawa (スペーシアきぬがわ) are limited express train services in Japan operated jointly by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Tobu Railway between Shinjuku in Tokyo and Kinugawa-Onsen in Tochigi Prefecture.

Urawa Station
Urawa Station (浦和駅, Urawa-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in Urawa-ku, Saitama, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is located near Saitama City Office and the Saitama Prefectural Government Office.
Vladimír Smutný
Vladimír Smutný (13 July 1942 – 7 June 2025) was a Czech cinematographer. He was an eight-time winner of the Czech Lion Award for Best Cinematography. He was also a cinematographer of Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film winner Kolya (1996).

His father was a photographer. His sister, Jitka Smutná, is an actress. After graduating from FAMU in Prague, he worked as an advertising photographer for Tesla Holešovice and as a camera operator for Krátký film Praha. From 1974 he worked as an assistant cinematographer. His first projects as director of photography were in the 1980s when he worked primarily with directors Jiří Svoboda and Karel Kachyňa. Beginning in the mid-1990s he worked primarily with directors Jan Svěrák and Václav Marhoul. From 1997 he taught at FAMU in Prague.

Smutný died on 7 June 2025, at the age of 82.

Václav Marhoul
Václav Marhoul (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvaːtslaf ˈmarɦoul]; born 30 January 1960) is a Czech film director, screenwriter and actor. He studied at Prague's FAMU, graduating in 1984. He directed his first film Mazaný Filip, based on Raymond Chandler's books, in 2003. In 2008, his second film Tobruk was premiered. His next film The Painted Bird, based on Jerzy Kosiński's novel of the same title, premiered at the 76th Venice International Film Festival. He also starred in several films such as Gympl (2007), Ulovit miliardáře (2009) and Cesta do lesa (2012).

As of 2021, he planned his English-language debut with a biographical film about Joseph McCarthy, with Michael Shannon in the lead role, and co-starring Emilia Clarke, Dane DeHaan and Scoot McNairy.
2013 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2013 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 113th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The championship ran from 8 June to 30 November 2013.

Dr. Crokes entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title.

The final was played on 20 October 2013 at FitzGerald Stadium in Killarney, between Dr. Crokes and Austin Stacks in what was their third meeting in the final. Dr. Crokes won the match by 4-16 to 0-12 to claim their 19th championship title overall and a fourth title in succession.

Shane Carroll was the championship's top scorer with 2-26.

2012 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2012 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 112th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The championship ran from 16 June to 28 October 2012.

Dr. Crokes entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a third successive title.

The final was played on 28 October 2012 at FitzGerald Stadium in Killarney, between Dr. Crokes and Dingle in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Dr. Crokes won the match by 2–13 to 0–8 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a third title in succession.

Colm Cooper was the championship's top scorer with 5-21.
Pop McKale
James Fred "Pop" McKale (June 12, 1887 – June 1, 1967) was an American football and baseball player, coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track, and college athletics administrator.  He is best known for his four-decade association with the University of Arizona.  He served as athletic director at U of A from 1914 to 1957.  He served as Arizona's head football coach from 1914 to 1930, compiling a record of 80–32–6.  McKale was also the head basketball coach at Arizona from 1914 to 1921, tallying a mark of 49–12, and the head baseball coach at the school from 1915 to 1919 and again from 1922 to 1949, amassing a record of 304–118–7. McKale was inducted into the Arizona Sportsmen Hall of Fame in 1959 and was a charter member of the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame, inducted in 1976. The McKale Center, the University of Arizona's home basketball venue, was opened in 1973 and named in McKale's honor.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
Khamas (raga)
Khamas or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi  (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa. It is suitable for javali type compositions.

Kriti (music)
A kriti (Sanskrit: कृति, lit. 'kṛti') is a form of musical composition in the Carnatic music literature. The Sanskrit common noun Kriti means 'creation' or 'work'.

A kriti forms the mental backbone of any typical Carnatic music concert and is the longer format of a Carnatic song.
Butte, Alaska
Butte is a census-designated place (CDP) in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,589, up from 3,246 in 2010.  Butte is located between the Matanuska River and the Knik River, approximately 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Palmer. It is accessible via the Old Glenn Highway.

Anchorage metropolitan area
The Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of the Municipality of Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the south central region of Alaska.

As of the 2010 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 380,821. However, 2016 population estimates increase that number to more than 400,000. This is a census definition only, and many of the settlements considered within the metropolitan area are in fact quite distant from the city center and may be very small and isolated, for example Lake Louise is about 170 miles (270 km) from Anchorage proper and has fewer than 50 year-round residents.
Dieter Thomas Heck
Dieter Thomas Heck (born Carl-Dieter Heckscher; 29 December 1937 – 23 August 2018) was a German television presenter, singer and actor. He is known as the presenter of the popular TV program ZDF-Hitparade, featuring German Schlager music, from 1969 to 1984, reaching millions of people. As an actor, he starred in the TV play Das Millionenspiel in 1970.

Die Rosenheim-Cops
Die Rosenheim-Cops is a German television series set in Chiemgau, mainly in Rosenheim. It is produced by the Bavaria Film GmbH for the ZDF public TV network.

The cost per episode is estimated at 425,000 euros.
2007 Canadian Senior Curling Championships
The 2007 Canadian Senior Curling Championships were held March 18–25 at the Colisée de Trois-Rivières in Trois-Rivières, Quebec.

Alberta won both the men's and women's events. In the men's final, Edmonton's Pat Ryan rink defeated Ontario's Bob Turcotte, while on the women's side, Lethbridge's Diane Foster team beat British Columbia's Kathy Smiley. The winning teams represented Canada at the 2008 World Senior Curling Championships.

Canadian Senior Curling Championships
The Canadian Senior Curling Championships are an annual bonspiel held to determine the national champions in senior curling for Canada. Seniors are defined as being people over the age of 50. The championship teams play at the World Senior Curling Championships the following year.

The event's first committee was established in October 1964. Frank Sargent was an original member of the senior championship committee, and believed the event would attract former Brier competitors and give seniors a place to compete which had not existed. The inaugural Canadian Seniors Curling Championship was hosted in Port Arthur in March 1965. It used a minimum age of 55 for competitors, and had the Seagram Company as its title sponsor.