hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ŭ
Ŭ or ŭ is a letter in the Belarusian Latin alphabet used since 1840/1845, based on u. It is also used in the Esperanto alphabet, publicly presented in 1887, and formerly in the Romanian alphabet. The accent mark (diacritic) is known as a breve.

This letter should not be confused with u-caron, which is used to indicate u in the third tone of Chinese language pinyin; compare Ǔ ǔ (caron) with Ŭ ŭ (breve).

It resembles an italic form of a Cyrillic Short I (Й й).

Semivowel
In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel, glide or semiconsonant is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable. Examples of semivowels in English are y and w in yes and west, respectively. Written /j w/ in IPA, y and w are near to the vowels ee and oo in seen and moon, written /iː uː/ in IPA. The term glide may alternatively refer to any type of transitional sound, not necessarily a semivowel.
Highly erodible land
In United States agricultural policy, Highly erodible land (HEL) refers to land that is very susceptible to erosion, including fields that have at least 1/3 or 50 acres (200,000 m2) of soils with a natural erosion potential of at least 8 times their T value.  About 101 million acres (410,000 km2) of cropland meet this definition of HEL, according to the 1997 National Resources Inventory.  Farms cropping highly erodible land and under production flexibility contracts must be in compliance with a conservation plan that protects this cropland.

National Resources Inventory
The National Resources Inventory (NRI) is a periodic assessment of the status and changing conditions of the soil, water, and related resources on private land conducted by USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The survey has been conducted at 5-year intervals since 1977, most recently in 2017. NRCS released initial results from the 1997 survey in late 1999. Each updated report includes comparison of the data relative to 1982.

Summary pages exist for soil erosion, land use status and trends, development of non-federal rural land, and rangeland.
2018 Southern Conference men's soccer tournament
The 2018 Southern Conference men's soccer tournament, was the 31st edition of the Southern Conference Men's Soccer Tournament. It determined the Southern Conference's automatic berth into the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The tournament began on October 31, 2018 and conclude on November 11, 2018.

The defending champion, Mercer, lost to UNCG 0–1 in the semifinals, who lost to the champions Furman. Furman defeated UNCG 3–0 in the final.

Southern Conference men's soccer tournament
The Southern Conference men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's soccer for the Southern Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

Furman is the most winning team of the competition with 15 titles.
Convoy HX 72
HX 72 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. The convoy comprised 43 ships, of which 11 were sunk and another damaged by German U-boats , who suffered no losses.

HX convoys
HX convoys were transatlantic convoys in the North Atlantic during the First World War and in the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. HX convoys sailed eastwards from Halifax, Nova Scotia in Canada, to Liverpool and other ports in Britain. They rendezvoused with BHX convoys from Bermuda en route. After the United States entered the war, HX convoys began at New York.

The HX series consisted of 377 convoys, with 17,744 ships. Thirty-eight convoys were attacked (about 10 per cent), with the loss of 110 ships in convoy; sixty stragglers were sunk and 36 lost while detached or after dispersal, with losses from marine accident and other causes, for a total loss of 206 ships or about 1 per cent of the total.
Sue Biggs
Sue-Anne Hilbre Biggs CBE was the Director General of the Royal Horticultural Society, retiring in June 2022 as the longest-serving Director General in the charity's history. Biggs began her career in the travel industry, where she worked for 30 years, and was awarded an Outstanding Achievement Award by the Travel Weekly Globe Travel Awards. She was made a CBE in the 2017 New Year Honours, for her services to the environment at ornamental horticulture industries.

RHS Garden Wisley
RHS Garden Wisley is a garden run by the Royal Horticultural Society in Wisley, Surrey, southwest of London. It is one of five gardens run by the society, the others being Harlow Carr, Hyde Hall, Rosemoor, and Bridgewater (which opened on 18 May 2021). Wisley is the second most visited paid entry garden in the United Kingdom after the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with 1,104,362 visitors in 2024. The gardens are Grade II* listed.
Srijan Bhattacharya
Srijan Bhattacharyya (born 12 May 1993) is an Indian Marxist student leader and the current General Secretary of the Students’ Federation of India (SFI). Previously served as the SFI's West Bengal state secretary and as the SFI’s national joint secretary. He was Left Front candidate in the 2021 West Bengal Assembly election from Singur, and the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Jadavpur.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
History of the Jews in Antwerp
The history of the Jews in Antwerp, a major city in the modern country of Belgium, goes back at least eight hundred years. Jewish life was first recorded in the city in the High Middle Ages. While the Jewish population grew and waned over the centuries, by the beginning of World War II Antwerp had a thriving Jewish community comprising some 35,000, with many Jews connected to the city's diamond industry. The Nazi occupation of Antwerp from 1940 and The Holocaust decimated the city’s Jewish population. By the time of Antwerp's liberation in September 1944, the Jewish population had fallen to around 1,200.

Since then, Antwerp’s Jewish community has rebounded to become a major European centre of Haredi (and particularly Hasidic) Orthodox Judaism. Antwerp is now one of only two cities in Europe (together with London) that is home to a considerable Haredi population in the 21st century. In 2018, there were around 20,000 Haredi Jews living in Antwerp (of which around 10,000 are Hasidic).

Belz (Hasidic dynasty)
Belz (Yiddish: בעלזא) is a Hasidic dynasty founded in the town of Belz in Western Ukraine, near the Polish border, historically the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The group was founded in the early 19th century by Rabbi Shalom Rokeach, also known as the Sar Shalom, and led by his son, Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach, his grandson, Rabbi Yissachar Dov, and great-grandson, Rabbi Aharon, before the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939. While Aharon managed to escape Europe, together with his brother Rabbi Mordechai Rokeach, most of the Belz Hasidim were murdered in the Holocaust. Aharon re-established the Hasidic community in Israel following World War II. As of the 2020s, Belz has sizable communities in Israel, Western Europe, and the Anglosphere.
Cake number
In mathematics, the cake number, denoted by Cn, is the maximum of the number of regions into which a 3-dimensional cube can be partitioned by exactly n planes. The cake number is so called because one may imagine each partition of the cube by a plane as a slice made by a knife through a cube-shaped cake. It is the 3D analogue of the lazy caterer's sequence.

The values of Cn for n = 0, 1, 2, ... are given by 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 26, 42, 64, 93, 130, 176, 232, ... (sequence A000125 in the OEIS).

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Fred Watson
Frederick Garnett Watson AM (born 14 December 1944) is an English-born astronomer and popular scientist in Australia. He was appointed as Australia's First Astronomer at Large within the Commonwealth Government of Australia in 2018, relaying the important aspects of Australian astronomy to the government, the general public, and associated organisations. He stood down from this role in October 2024.

In 1995 Watson became astronomer in charge of the Australian Astronomical Observatory, but is best known for his work with science outreach, for which he has written many books, as well as musical and choral works. On top of his many nationwide radio slots with the ABC, Watson has also been a frequent guest on The Project. In January 2010, Watson was made a member of the Order of Australia for service to astronomy, particularly the promotion and popularisation of space science through public outreach.

Ross Edwards (composer)
Ross Edwards AM (born 23 December 1943) is an Australian composer of a wide variety of music including orchestral and chamber music, choral music, children's music, opera and film music. His distinctive sound world reflects his interest in deep ecology and his belief in the need to reconnect music with elemental forces, as well as restore its traditional association with ritual and dance. He also recognises the profound importance of music as an agent of healing. His music, universal in that it is concerned with age-old mysteries surrounding humanity, is at the same time connected to its roots in Australia, whose cultural diversity it celebrates, and from whose natural environment it draws inspiration, especially birdsong and the mysterious patterns and drones of insects. As a composer living and working on the Pacific Rim, he is aware of the exciting potential of this vast region.
Electrobeach Music Festival
Electrobeach Music Festival (often abbreviated as EMF) is an annual in July electronic dance music festival held at a park in Port-Barcarès, France. Recent lineups include Afrojack, Tara McDonald, Dirty South, Hardwell, Sebastian Ingrosso and Armin Van Buuren. In 2014 there were two stages and a capacity of people. 2013 saw 56,000 people over two days. 2014 saw 80,000 people over two days, there were two stages and a capacity of 40,000 people.

DJ Smash
Andrey Leonidovich Shirman (Russian: Андрей Леонидович Ширман; born 23 May 1982), better known by his stage name DJ Smash, is a Russian DJ in house music and electronic music, and also a music producer. As of 2022, he is one of the most popular musical stars in Russia.  DJ Smash was awarded Best New Act in 2008 at the MTV Russia Music Awards.
Ishkoshim Range
Ishkoshim Range, also Ishkashim Range (Russian: Ишкашимский хребет), is a mountain range in Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan, in the extreme southwest corner of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province (Ishkoshim District).

The range is about 90 km long, running along the right bank of the Panj River and the eastern border of Ishkoshim District with Roshtqal'a District. It contains the Ishkashim Important Bird Area. The mountains rise in the south to a maximum altitude of 6,096 m at Mayakovsky Peak, located at the junction of Ishkoshim Range with the east–west Shakhdara Range. There is an abundance of hot springs in these mountains, including the Gharm-Chashma thermal spa.

Panj (river)
The Panj, traditionally known as the Ochus River, is a river in Afghanistan and Tajikistan and  a tributary of the Amu Darya. The river is 921 km (572 mi) long and has a basin area of 114,000 km2 (44,000 mi2). It forms a considerable part of the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border.

The river is formed by the confluence of the Pamir River and the Wakhan River near the village of Qala-i-Panjah in the Wakhan District of Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan. From there, it flows westwards and marks part of the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border. After passing the city of Khorog, capital of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, it receives water from one of its main tributaries, the Bartang River. It then turns towards the southwest, before joining the Vakhsh River and forming the greatest river of Central Asia, the Amu Darya. The Panj played an important role during Soviet era, and was a strategic river during the Soviet military operations in Afghanistan in the 1980s.
1974 South Pacific Championships
The 1974 South Pacific Championships, also known as the Melbourne Grand Prix, was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tournament held at the Royal South Yarra Tennis Club in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia that was part of the 1974 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 21 October until 27 October 1974. Second-seeded Dick Stockton won the singles title.

1974 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1974 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The season-ending Commercial Union Assurance Masters and Davis Cup Final are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking.
Browne Review
The Browne Review or Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance was an independent review to consider the future direction of higher education funding in England.

It was launched on 9 November 2009 and published its findings on 12 October 2010. It was chaired by Lord Browne of Madingley, the former chief executive of BP. It recommended wide-ranging changes to the system of university funding, including removing the cap on the level of fees that universities can charge, and increasing the income level at which graduates must begin to pay back their loans to £21,000.

1994 Group
The 1994 Group was a coalition of smaller research-intensive universities in the United Kingdom, founded in 1994 to defend these universities' interests following the creation of the Russell Group by larger research-intensive universities earlier that year. The 1994 Group originally represented seventeen universities, rising to nineteen, and then dropping to eleven. The group started to falter in 2012, when a number of high performing members left to join the Russell Group. The 1994 Group ultimately dissolved in November 2013.
Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
The Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (also known as Peg DIG or the Pegasus Dwarf) is a dwarf irregular galaxy in the direction of the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered by A. G. Wilson in the 1950s. The Pegasus Dwarf is a companion of the Andromeda Galaxy in the Local Group.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Brahms Mount
Brahms Mount is a textiles  manufacturer, established in 1983 in Hallowell, Maine. It designs and creates a variety of soft furnishings in natural fibers, including blankets and throws, using traditional weaving techniques and antique equipment.

Hallowell, Maine
Hallowell (/ˈhɔːləwɛl/ HAW-lə-wel) is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,570 at the 2020 census. Popular with tourists, Hallowell is noted for its culture and old architecture. Hallowell is included in the Augusta, Maine, micropolitan New England City and Town Area.
Digital Divide Network
The Digital Divide Network (DDN) is an online community of activists, policymakers, researchers and concerned citizens interested in sharing knowledge to help bridge the digital divide. It is a spinoff of Helping.org (Helping.org later changed its name to Network for Good). TakingITGlobal in Toronto, Ontario, Canada produces and coordinates DDN.

Digital divide
The digital divide is unequal access to and effective use of digital technology, encompassing four interrelated dimensions: motivational, material, skills, and usage access.

The digital divide worsens inequality in access to information and resources. In the Information Age, people without access to the Internet and other technology are at a disadvantage, for they are less able to connect with others, find and apply for jobs, shop, and learn.

People living in poverty, in insecure housing or who are homeless, elderly people, and those living in rural communities may have limited access to the Internet; in contrast, urban middle class people have easy access to the Internet. Another divide is between producers and consumers of Internet content, which could be a result of educational disparities. While social media use varies across age groups, a US 2010 study reported no racial divide.
Greek destroyer Thyella (1907)
Thyella (Greek: Α/Τ Θύελλα, "Storm") was a Thyella class destroyer that served in the Royal Hellenic Navy (1907-1941). It was the first ship of that name in the Hellenic Navy.

The ship, along with her three sister ships, was ordered from Britain in 1905 and was built in the Yarrow shipyard at Cubitt Town, London.

During World War I, Greece belatedly entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente and, due to Greece's neutrality the four Thyella class ships were seized by the Allies in October 1916, taken over by the French in November and served in the French Navy 1917–18. By 1918, they were back on escort duty under Greek colors, mainly in the Aegean Sea. Thyella saw action in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922).

In World War II, Thyella saw action and was sunk during the German invasion on April 21, 1941, off Vouliagmeni near Athens.

Yarrow Shipbuilders
Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited (YSL), often styled as simply Yarrows, was a major shipbuilding firm based in the Scotstoun district of Glasgow on the River Clyde. It is now part of BAE Systems Surface Ships, owned by BAE Systems, which has also operated the nearby Govan shipyard (formerly Fairfields) since 1999.
Khijadia State
Khijadija is a town and former independent princely state on Saurashtra, Gujarat, western India. It is apparently identical to Vala Shri Valera Raning alias Vala XIX, one of many fragmented parts of Vala State.

Vala State
Vala State or Vallabhipura was a non-salute princely state in India during the British Raj until 1948. The centre was the city of Vallabhi. The last ruler of the state signed the state's accession to the Indian Union on 15 February 1948.
Baskin v. Bogan
Baskin v. Bogan, the lead Indiana case challenging that state's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples, was filed in federal district court on March 12, 2014, naming several government officials as defendants. Chief Judge Richard L. Young found for the plaintiffs on June 25. A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the district court ruling in a unanimous decision on September 4.

David Hamilton (judge)
David Frank Hamilton (born May 5, 1957) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. He was previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana. On March 17, 2009, he became President Barack Obama's first judicial nominee when he was named for a seat on the Seventh Circuit. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 19, 2009, in a 59–39 vote.
Taku Plateau
The Taku Plateau is a sub-plateau of the Stikine Plateau in the far northwestern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  It lies to the south of the Teslin Plateau, part of the Yukon Plateau and to the southeast of the Yukon Plateau's other major sub-area within British Columbia, the Tagish Highland.  Immediately northeast is the Kawdy Plateau and to the northwest of the Nahlin Plateau (both also components of the Stikine Plateau).  The Inklin River forms the plateau's southwestern boundary with the northwestern extremities of the Tahltan Highland, beyond which are the Boundary Ranges.  Very mountainous, its highest summit is Nahlin Mountain.

Tahltan Highland
The Tahltan Highland is an upland area of plateau and relatively lower mountain ranges in British Columbia, Canada, lying east of the Boundary Ranges and south of the Inklin River (the east fork of the Taku River). Its eastern boundary is formed by the Sheslay River and the Little Tuya River, while its southern boundary extends across the Stikine River and its Grand Canyon to include the Mount Edziza volcanic complex (which includes the Spectrum Range), and the Zagoddetchino massif.
Floreana Island
Floreana Island (Spanish: Isla Floreana) is a southern island in Ecuador's Galápagos Archipelago. The island has an area of 173 km2 (67 sq mi). It was formed by volcanic eruption. The island's highest point is Cerro Pajas at 640 m (2,100 ft), which is also the highest point of a volcano, as with most of the smaller islands of Galápagos. The island has a population of about 100.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.