hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giosafat Barbaro
Giosafat Barbaro (also spelled Giosaphat or Josaphat; 1413–1494) was a member of the Venetian patrician Barbaro family. He was a diplomat, merchant, explorer and travel writer. He was unusually well-travelled for someone of his times, traveling to the Byzantine Empire, the Crimea, Russia, the Peloponnese, Poland, Germany, Albania, Persia, the Empire of Trebizond and Georgia.

Sudak
Sudak (Ukrainian and Russian: Судак; Crimean Tatar: Sudaq; Greek: Σουγδαία; sometimes spelled Sudac or Sudagh) is a city, multiple former Eastern Orthodox bishopric and double Latin Catholic titular see. It is of regional significance in Crimea, a territory recognized by most countries as part of Ukraine but annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Sudak serves as the administrative center of Sudak Municipality, one of the regions Crimea is divided into. It is situated 57 km (35 mi) to the west of Feodosia (the nearest railway station) and 104 km (65 mi) to the east of Simferopol, the republic's capital. Population: 16,492 (2014 Census).

A city of antiquity, today it is a popular resort, best known for its Genoese fortress, the best preserved on the northern shore of the Black Sea.
Shilu Subdistrict
31°18′41″N 120°35′19″E﻿ / ﻿31.31145°N 120.58872°E﻿ / 31.31145; 120.58872

Shilu Subdistrict (Chinese: 石路街道) is a former subdistrict of Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. The subdistrict was abolished on March 24, 2017, when it was merged into Jinchang Subdistrict.

Gusu, Suzhou
Gusu District (simplified Chinese: 姑苏区; traditional Chinese: 姑蘇區; pinyin: Gūsū Qū) is one of five urban districts and the main district of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China. It was created on 1 September 2012 by the merger of the three former districts of Canglang, Pingjiang, and Jinchang.
Khurja Assembly constituency
Khurja is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bulandshahr district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Gautam Buddha Nagar Lok Sabha constituency,. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 70. During the 01st and 02nd legislative assemblies, the constituency had two seats (MLAs) concurrently.

Bulandshahr district
Bulandshahr district (also spelled Bulandshahar) is a district in the Meerut region in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), situated between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. It is a part of the National Capital Region of India, and Bulandshahr is the district headquarters.

The district is situated between 28.4° south and 28.0° north latitudes and between 77.0° and 78.0° east longitudes. It is bordered by Hapur district to the north, Amroha and Sambhal districts to the east, Aligarh district to the south and Gautam Buddha Nagar district to the west.
Kenneth Z. Altshuler
Kenneth Z. Altshuler (April 11, 1929 – January 6, 2021) was an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He was a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and the Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.

Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, also known as Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, is a public medical school in the city of Buffalo, New York, at the University at Buffalo. Founded in 1846, it is one of the oldest medical schools in the United States and is the only medical school in Buffalo. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

It offers degrees in various field such as Biomedical Sciences undergraduate majors, Biotechnical and Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Master's programs in Biomedical Sciences, PhD programs in Biomedical Sciences, MD program, Graduate Medical Education residency program, Continuing Medical Education, postdoctoral programs, as well as dual-degree programs.
1990 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 1990 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament was the ninth annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The championship game was played at Fetzer Field in Chapel Hill, North Carolina during December 1990.

North Carolina defeated Connecticut Huskies in the final, 6–0, to win their eighth national title. Coached by Anson Dorrance, the Tar Heels finished the season undefeated, 24–0. This would go on to become the fifth of North Carolina's record nine consecutive national titles (1986–1994). It was also part of the Tar Heels' ten-year unbeaten streak that ran from the 1984 championship game all the way until the 1994 season.

The most outstanding offensive player was again Kristine Lilly from North Carolina, and the most outstanding defensive player was Stacey Blazo, also from North Carolina. Lilly was also the tournament's leading scorer (4 goals, 2 assists).

1984 NCAA women's soccer tournament
The 1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament was the third annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate soccer. The championship game was again played at Fetzer Field in Chapel Hill, North Carolina during December 1984.

North Carolina defeated Connecticut in the final, 2–0, to win their third consecutive national title. The Tar Heels were coached by Anson Dorrance.

The most outstanding player was April Heinrichs (North Carolina), the most outstanding offensive player was  Amy Machin (North Carolina), and the most outstanding defensive player was Shelley McElroy (Connecticut). An All-Tournament team was not named this year.

The leading scorer for the tournament was Catherine Spence from Massachusetts (5 goals).
Polyrhabda
Polyrhabda atriplicifolia is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.it is the sole species in genus Polyrhabda. It is a subshrub endemic to Somalia, where it grows in deserts and dry shrublands.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Copt Oak
Copt Oak is a hamlet in Leicestershire, England. It is located in the North West Leicestershire district near the large village of Markfield and the rural hamlets of Abbots Oak, Charley, Ulverscroft, and Nanpantan.

In its name, cop is an old English word for head, i.e. "pollarded oak" (literally "[be]headed oak").

North West Leicestershire
North West Leicestershire is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. The towns in the district include of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Castle Donington, Coalville (where the council is based) and Ibstock. Notable villages in the district include Donington le Heath, Ellistown, Hugglescote, Kegworth, Measham, Shackerstone, Thringstone and Whitwick.

Castle Donington is notable as the location of Donington Park, a grand-prix circuit and a major venue for music festivals. The area has a long history of mineral extraction, with coal, brick clay, gravel and granite amongst the products. All the deep coal mines in the area have closed, but opencast mining still continues. The district is also home to part of the Battlefield Line and the Ibstock Brick.

The neighbouring districts are Charnwood, Hinckley and Bosworth, North Warwickshire, Lichfield, South Derbyshire, Erewash and Rushcliffe.
N309 (Bangladesh)
N309 or Khagdahar-Mymensingh Bypass Highway is a highway in Bangladesh, which starts from the N401 Highway in the Khagdahar area of Mymensingh Sadar Upazila of Mymensingh district and adopts the name Bypass near the eastern edge of Mymensingh city and connects to the Dhaka-Mymensingh Highway next to Notre Dame College Mymensingh in the southern edge of the city.

N3 (Bangladesh)
The N3 or Dhaka–Mymensingh Highway is a national highway in Bangladesh. It connects the Bangladeshi capital city of Dhaka with the city of Mymensingh in the north, on the bank of the Brahmaputra River.

The N3 is part of Asian Highway 41 (AH41), a route of the Asian Highway Network.
2018 NCAA Division I women's basketball championship game
The 2018 NCAA Division I women's basketball championship game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship.

The game was won on a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 0.1 seconds left on the clock—she made a similar shot with 1.0 second in the semifinal to defeat Connecticut, earning Notre Dame a berth in the championship.

Mississippi State Bulldogs women's basketball
The Mississippi State Bulldogs women's basketball program represents Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi, in women's NCAA Division I basketball. The Bulldogs play in the Southeastern Conference. The program is notable for ending the UConn Huskies record 111-game winning streak by beating them 66-64 in overtime in the Final Four of the 2017 NCAA tournament. The buzzer beater shot that put the Bulldogs in front of the Huskies came from the smallest player on the court, the 5-foot-5 inch junior, Morgan William.
Chorrerón, Cuba
Chorrerón is a small town in Camajuaní, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. With a population of 614 it is classified as a rural town. Some nearby towns include Vega de Palma, Vega Alta, Tarafa, Taguayabón, San Benigno, Vueltas, and Oliver.

Vega de Palma
Vega de Palma is a rural settlement located on the Circuito Norte in Camajuaní, Cuba. The town is a part of the ward of San Antonio de las Vueltas and It is located five kilometers south of the town of San Antonio de las Vueltas.
2018 American Athletic Conference softball tournament
The 2017 American Athletic Conference softball tournament was held at the USF Softball Stadium on the campus of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, from May 10 through May 12, 2018.  The event determined the champion of the American Athletic Conference for the 2018 NCAA Division I softball season.  Sixth seeded Tulsa won the Tournament for the third year in a row and claimed the American's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament.

2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 18 through June 6, 2018 as the final part of the 2018 NCAA Division I softball season. Thirty-two teams were awarded automatic bids as champions of their conferences, and the remaining 32 were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2018 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City. This was the first year since the 2010 Women's College World Series that neither the Florida Gators nor the Oklahoma Sooners made the Championship Series. The Florida State Seminoles played in their first Women's College World Series Championship Series and became the first ACC team to make the Championship Series. The Washington Huskies made their fourth appearance in the Championship Series.
Ascochyta
Ascochyta is a genus of ascomycete fungi, containing several species that are pathogenic to plants, particularly cereal crops.  The taxonomy of this genus is still incomplete.  The genus was first described in 1830 by Marie-Anne Libert, who regarded the spores as minute asci and the cell contents as spherical spores. Numerous revisions to the members of the genus and its description were made for the next several years.  Species that are plant pathogenic on cereals include, A. hordei, A. graminea, A. sorghi, A. tritici.  Symptoms are usually elliptical spots that are initially chlorotic and later become a necrotic brown.  Management includes fungicide applications and sanitation of diseased plant tissue debris.

Some of these pathogens in the genus Ascochyta affect grass species, including grains.

Ascochyta graminea
Ascochyta graminea is a plant pathogen that causes Ascochyta leaf spot on barley which can also be caused by the related fungi Ascochyta hordei, Ascochyta sorghi and Ascochyta tritici. It is considered a minor disease of barley.
2009 VMI Keydets football team
The 2009 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. It was VMI's 119th all-time football season which started in 1891. They competed in the Big South Conference, and they were led by 2nd year head coach Sparky Woods, who was appointed VMI's 30th head coach in 2008. VMI played its home games at Alumni Memorial Field, as they still do ever since 1962.

The Keydets kicked off the year by just defeating Robert Morris 14–13. Two losses followed to then-#6 James Madison and then-#1 Richmond, 44–16 and 38–28, respectively. Three more losses followed to conference opponents Gardner-Webb, Coastal Carolina, and Stony Brook. The next week, VMI held off Presbyterian for a 31–20 win. It would be their final win of the year, as the Keydets lost to Charleston Southern, Liberty, Army, and Old Dominion. VMI finished 2–9 overall and 1–5 in the Big South.

2009 Liberty Flames football team
The 2009 Liberty Flames football team represented Liberty University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season a member of the Big South Conference. The Flames were led by fourth-year head coach Danny Rocco and played their home games at Williams Stadium in Lynchburg, Virginia. They finished the season with an overall record of 8–3 and a 5–1 mark in the Big South to share the conference championship with Stony Brook.
Ali Modu Sheriff
Ali Modu Sheriff (born 1956) is a Nigerian politician who served as governor of Borno State from 2003 to 2011. He was the first governor to serve two consecutive terms.

Though Sheriff had held two elected offices as a member of All Nigeria People's Party, he would later join the All Progressives Congress becoming a founding member of that party. In 2014, Sheriff switched affiliation to the People's Democratic Party. He acted as the National Working Committee chair from 16 February 2016 until the National Convention, when he was removed and replaced by Ahmed Makarfi. On 26 April 2018, Sheriff defected back to All Progressives Congress.

National Republican Convention
The National Republican Convention was a Nigerian political party established by the government of General Ibrahim Babangida and ultimately disbanded by the military regime of General Sani Abacha in 1993.
2013 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships
The 2013 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested at the 32nd annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.

This year's events were hosted at the Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Georgia, runners up at the two previous championships, topped this year's team standings, finishing 84 points ahead of two-time defending champions California. This was the Lady Bulldogs' fifth women's team title.

NCAA Division I women's swimming and diving championships
The NCAA Division I women's swimming and diving championships are contested at an annual swim meet hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the individual and team champions of women's collegiate swimming and diving among its Division I members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1982, except 2020.

The meet is typically held on the second-to-last weekend (Thursday-Saturday) in March.

The swimming-portion of the meet takes place in a 25-yard pool, except in 2000 and 2004 which swam in a 25-meter course.

Stanford have been the most successful program, with 11 national titles.

Virginia are the reigning national champions, winning their fifth national title in 2025.
Old Mine in Wałbrzych
The Old Mine Science and Art Centre in Wałbrzych is a museum located in the historic Julia Coal Mine. It was opened on 9 November 2014 after a major expansion of the Museum of Industry and Technology located there since 1999. The Old Mine Science and Art Centre was included in 2015 on the list of the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH).

Adit
An adit (from Latin aditus, entrance) or stulm
is a horizontal or nearly horizontal passage to an underground mine.
Miners can use adits for access, drainage, ventilation, and extracting minerals at the lowest convenient level. Adits are also used to explore for mineral veins. Although most strongly associated with mining, the term adit is sometimes also used in the context of underground excavation for non-mining purposes; for example, to refer to smaller underground passageways excavated for underground metro systems, to provide pedestrian access to stations (pedestrian adits), and for access required during construction (construction adits).
Thuruthiply
Thuruthiply is a town in Kunnathunad Taluk of Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is near Allapra on Perumbavoor-Kolenchery road. Thuruthiply is famous for its St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian church.

Perumbavoor
Perumbavoor ([peɾumbaːʋuːr]) is a municipality and a north eastern suburb of the city of Kochi in Kerala. It is located 24 km (14.9 mi) north of the district collectorate in Thrikkakara and about 221 km (137.3 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. Perumbavoor is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located 32 km (19.9 mi) northeast of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, Perumbavoor has a population of 28,110 people, and a population density of 2,065/km2 (5,350/sq mi).

In recent years, Perumbavoor has experienced a large influx of migrant labourers from other states in India, primarily West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, and Odisha. Estimates for their numbers in Perumbavoor vary widely, ranging from the low thousands to over one lakh.
Bowithick Quarry
Bowithick Quarry is a disused nineteenth century open cast slate quarry situated in Trebarwith Valley on the outskirts of Tintagel in Cornwall, South West England. The quarry ceased operations in 1913.

Trebarwith
Trebarwith (Cornish: Trebervedh, meaning inner farmstead), known locally as Trebarwith Village, is a hamlet in the parish of Tintagel, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Trebarwith Strand is on the coast nearby.

Land at Trebarwith is first mentioned in records of 1284 and was held from 1329 until the early 16th century by the Lercedekne family. Trebarwith Farm is a Grade II listed building.
Grosshans subgroup
In mathematics, in the representation theory of algebraic groups, a Grosshans subgroup, named after Frank Grosshans, is an algebraic subgroup of an algebraic group that is an observable subgroup for which the ring of functions on the quotient variety is finitely generated.

Observable subgroup
In mathematics, in the representation theory of algebraic groups, an observable subgroup is an algebraic subgroup of a linear algebraic group whose every finite-dimensional rational representation arises as the restriction to the subgroup of a finite-dimensional rational representation of the whole group.

An equivalent formulation, in case the base field is closed, is that K is an observable subgroup of G if and only if the quotient variety G/K is a quasi-affine variety.

Some basic facts about observable subgroups:

Every normal algebraic subgroup of an algebraic group is observable.

Every observable subgroup of an observable subgroup is observable.
British Airtours
British Airtours (stylised as British aırtours) was a charter airline in the United Kingdom with flight operations out of London Gatwick and Manchester Airports.

Established as BEA Airtours in 1969, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of British Airways (BA) following the merger between British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in the early 1970s. British Airtours adopted the Caledonian Airways name when the newly British Airways completed the acquisition of the rival British Caledonian in April 1988. Caledonian Airways was eventually sold to tour operator Inspirations in 1995, marking BA's exit from the mainstream inclusive tour market. In 1999, Thomas Cook acquired Inspirations and merged Caledonian Airways with Flying Colours to form JMC Air Services, a forerunner of the UK arm of the later Thomas Cook Airlines. On 23 September 2019, Thomas Cook Airlines ceased operations, thus ending the legacy of British Airtours.

Thomas Cook Airlines
Thomas Cook Airlines Limited was a British charter and scheduled airline headquartered in Manchester, England. It was founded in 2007 from the merger of Thomas Cook Group and MyTravel Group, and was part of the Thomas Cook Group Airlines. It served leisure destinations worldwide from its main bases at Manchester Airport and Gatwick Airport on a scheduled and charter basis. It also operated services from eight other bases around the United Kingdom. Thomas Cook Group and all UK entities including Thomas Cook Airlines entered compulsory liquidation on 23 September 2019.
2012 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2012 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold was the eleventh grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2012 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Hsing Chuang Gymnasium, Taipei, Taiwan October 2 until October 7, 2012 and had a total purse of $200,000.

Taipei Open (badminton)
The Taipei Open (Chinese: 台北羽球公開賽), formerly named the Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold (2007–2017) and Chinese Taipei Open (2018–2019), is an open badminton international championships held in Taiwan since the 1970s, but they took place only in irregular periods. Since 1980 they are regularly held, except in 1998, due to the Asian economic crisis, 2001, 2020, and 2021, the latter two due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.
Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis I
Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis I, sometimes referred to as John-Chrysostome Brauneis I (1785 – 15 September 1832, Quebec City), was a Canadian composer, bandmaster, and music educator of German birth. His compositional output mainly consisted of works for military bands. His best known work, Grand Overture of Quebec, was written in honour of Lady Mary Lennox, the daughter of the Duke of Richmond. It was first performed by the British Army's 60th Foot Regiment band on the occasion of the Duke of Richmond's visit to the Government House in Quebec City in February 1819.

Duke of Richmond
Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.

The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of Charles II of England and one of his mistresses, the Breton noblewoman Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille; Charles Lennox was also made Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond was furthermore created Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876, meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms—plus, in pretence, the French Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère.