hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Los Chocoyos eruption
The Los Chocoyos eruption was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred sometime between 98,000 and 75,000 years ago, with the younger estimate placing the age close to the Youngest Toba eruption. The eruption consisted of approximately 1,220 cubic kilometres (290 cu mi) of rhyolitic ash, with a dense-rock equivalent (DRE) of about 730 cubic kilometres (180 cu mi). The eruption is the largest known eruption in Central America and the third, and most recent, caldera forming eruption at Atitlan, with two others known at around 11 mya and 8 mya.

The eruption resulted in voluminous pyroclastic density currents, leaving deposits 6–10 metres (20–33 ft) thick in Chiapas, over 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the source. Ash deposits were found over an area of 6,000,000 km2 (2,300,000 sq mi). It has been previously postulated that the eruption caused a millenial-scale volcanic winter, although new evidence suggests that is not the case.

Youngest Toba eruption
The Toba eruption (also called the Toba supereruption and the Youngest Toba eruption) was a large eruption that occurred around 74,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene, at the site of present-day Lake Toba, in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was the last in a series of at least four caldera-forming eruptions there, the earlier known caldera having formed about 1.2 million years ago. This, the last eruption, had an estimated volcanic explosivity index of 8, making it the largest known explosive volcanic eruption in the Quaternary, and one of the largest known explosive eruptions in the Earth's history.
2024 in paleomammalogy
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind described during the year 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in 2024.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Sappho (organisation)
Sappho was an English lesbian social club founded in 1972 by Jackie Forster and others.

The club, whose namesake was the poet Sappho of Lesbos, met every Tuesday at The Chepstow, a public house in the Notting Hill district of London. The group advertised their meetings in the magazines Time Out London and City Limits.

Until 1981, the club published an eponymous monthly magazine with a peak circulation of about 1,000 copies.

Forster founded and edited the magazine after writing for Arena Three (of the Minorities Research Group), which had folded soon before. Sappho distributed their magazine at their meetings, and also at such lesbian venues as Gateways, a nightclub in Chelsea. Back issues of the magazine are now held in the Hall–Carpenter Archives.

Sappho continued to meet regularly until the late 1990s, each week inviting guest speakers such as Miriam Margolyes, Maureen Duffy, and Anna Raeburn.

Hall–Carpenter Archives
The Hall–Carpenter Archives (HCA), founded in 1982, are the largest source for the study of gay activism in Britain, following the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The archives are named after the authors Marguerite Radclyffe Hall (1880–1943) and Edward Carpenter (1844–1929). They are housed at the London School of Economics, at Bishopsgate Library – (press cuttings), and in the British Library (Sound Archive) (oral history tapes).
Cassin's hawk-eagle
Cassin's hawk-eagle (Aquila africana) or Cassin's eagle, is a relatively small eagle in the family Accipitridae. Its feathered legs mark it as member of the Aquilinae or booted eagle subfamily. A forest-dependent species, it occurs in primary rainforests across western, central and (marginally) eastern Africa where it preys on birds and tree squirrels. It was named after John Cassin who first described it in 1865. Due to widespread habitat destruction, its populations are steadily declining but have not yet warranted upgrading its status from Least Concern.

Aquilinae
The Aquilinae are a subfamily of eagles of the family Accipitridae. The general common name used for members of this subfamily is "booted eagle", although this is also the common name of a member of the subfamily, or "true eagle", though this term can more narrowly be applied to the genus Aquila. At one point, this subfamily was considered inclusive with the Buteoninae (commonly known as buzzards or buteonine hawks) based probably on some shared morphological characteristics. However, research on the DNA of the booted eagles has shown that they are a monophyletic group that probably have had millions of years of separation from other extant forms of accipitrid.
Chambers Street (Manhattan)
Chambers Street is a two-way street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs from River Terrace, Battery Park City in the west, past PS 234 (the Independence School), Borough of Manhattan Community College, and Stuyvesant High School, to the Manhattan Municipal Building at 1 Centre Street in the east. Between Broadway and Centre Street, Chambers Street forms the northern boundary of the grounds surrounding New York City Hall and the Tweed Courthouse. Opposite the Tweed Courthouse sits the Surrogate's Courthouse for Manhattan. 280 Broadway the Marble Palace, lies west of there, on the north side of Chambers.

Borough of Manhattan Community College
The Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) is a public community college in New York City. Founded in 1963 as part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system, BMCC grants associate degrees in a wide variety of vocational, business, health, science, engineering and continuing education fields.

BMCC's original campus was scattered all over midtown Manhattan, utilizing office spaces, hotel conference rooms, and various spaces throughout Manhattan. In the mid-1970s, CUNY began scouting for suitable property on which to erect a new campus of its own. The current campus has been in use since 1983.
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began when the governor of Hong Kong, Mark Aitchison Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. His surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the Japanese forces that invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of the Second World War. The length of the period (三年零八個月, lit. 'three years and eight months') later became a metonym of the occupation.

Tung Wah Hospital
Tung Wah Hospital is a charitable hospital in Hong Kong under the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. Located above Possession Point at 12 Po Yan Street in Sheung Wan, it is the first hospital established in colonial Hong Kong for the general public in the 1870s.
Star of Mahaputera
Star of Mahaputera (Indonesian: Bintang Mahaputera) is the second highest honorary award awarded by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, one level below the Star of the Republic of Indonesia. This honorary award was officially established in 1959.

The star is given to those who extraordinarily maintain the integrity, continuity and glory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The President of the Republic of Indonesia bestows the star, and subsequently he or she, as well as the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia, are automatically awarded the highest star, the "Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna".

Boediono
Boediono (EYD: Budiono, pronounced [budiˈjono] ⓘ; born 25 February 1943) is an Indonesian politician and economist who served as the 11th vice president of Indonesia from 2009 to 2014. He became vice president after winning the 2009 presidential election together with the then-incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before this, he had been the Governor of the Indonesian Central Bank and a professor of economics at Gadjah Mada University.
Speech sound disorder
A speech sound disorder (SSD) is a speech disorder affecting the ability to pronounce speech sounds, which includes speech articulation disorders and phonemic disorders, the latter referring to some sounds (phonemes) not being produced or used correctly. The term "protracted phonological development" is sometimes preferred when describing children's speech, to emphasize the continuing development while acknowledging the delay.

A study in the United States estimated that among 6-year-olds, 5.3% of African-American children and 3.8% of white children have a speech sound disorder.

Accent (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, an accent is a way of pronouncing a language that is distinctive to a country, area, social class, or individual. An accent may be identified with the locality in which its speakers reside (a regional or geographical accent), the socioeconomic status of its speakers, their ethnicity (an ethnolect), their caste or social class (a social accent), or influence from their first language (a foreign accent).

Accents typically differ in quality of voice, pronunciation and distinction of vowels and consonants, stress, and prosody. Although grammar, semantics, vocabulary, and other language characteristics often vary concurrently with accent, the word "accent" may refer specifically to the differences in pronunciation, whereas the word "dialect" encompasses the broader set of linguistic differences. "Accent" is often a subset of "dialect".
1988 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1988 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Democratic governor Booth Gardner won a second term, defeating Republican state representative Bob Williams in a landslide. This election was the first time since 1960 that an incumbent Democratic governor of Washington was re-elected.

Gardner won the highest share of the vote since Clarence D. Martin in 1936. Gardner's 62.21% of the vote is third-highest of any gubernatorial candidate in Washington's history.

Garfield County, Washington
Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,286, making it the least populous county in Washington; with about 3.2 inhabitants per square mile (1.2/km2), it is also the least densely populated county in Washington. The county seat and only city is Pomeroy.
Daisuke Matsui
Daisuke Matsui (松井 大輔, Matsui Daisuke; born 11 May 1981) is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He previously played for the Japan national team. His former wife is Japanese actress Rosa Kato.

2011 AFC Asian Cup
The 2011 AFC Asian Cup was the 15th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in Qatar from 7 to 29 January 2011. It was the second time that the tournament was hosted by Qatar, the previous occasion being the 1988 AFC Asian Cup. Japan won the cup for the record-breaking fourth time after a 1–0 win against Australia, and earned the right to compete in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from AFC.

A television viewing audience of 484 million in 80 countries across the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, North America and North Africa witnessed Japan defeat Australia 1–0 in the final.
Durham East (provincial electoral district)
Durham East was a provincial electoral district in the Durham Region in Ontario, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It contained parts of the towns of Oshawa, Whitby, Scugog, and Newcastle.

The riding first existed from 1867 to 1926, when it was distributed into the Durham riding. When Durham was split back into Durham East and Durham West, as well as Durham North in 1975, the riding existed until 1999 when it was redistributed into Durham, Whitby—Ajax and Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock.

Durham—York
Durham—York was a provincial electoral district in northern Durham Region and York Region in Ontario, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It contained the towns of East Gwillimbury, Newmarket, Whitchurch–Stouffville, Uxbridge, Georgina and Brock.

The riding was created in 1975 as Durham North from parts of York North and Ontario, Ontario South and Durham. It was renamed Durham—York in 1977 and existed until 1999 when it was distributed into York North, Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge and Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock.
Trevor Griffin (politician)
Kenneth Trevor Griffin (14 September 1940 – 7 March 2015) was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1978 to 2002, when he retired from politics. He led the Liberal Party in the Council from 1979 to 1982 and was deputy leader from 1982 to 2001. He also served as 44th Attorney-General of South Australia from 1979 to 1982 and from 1993 to 2001. After retiring from politics he became a wine maker.

Griffin died in Adelaide on 7 March 2015, and was buried privately.

Attorney-General of South Australia
The attorney-general of South Australia is the Cabinet minister in the Government of South Australia who is responsible for that state's system of law and justice. The attorney-general must be a qualified legal practitioner, although this was not always the case.

The attorney-general oversees the Attorney-General's Department. The current attorney-general since March 2022 is Kyam Maher MP, a member of the South Australian Labor Party.
Wisconsin's 24th Assembly district
The 24th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in southeastern Wisconsin, the district comprises parts of southeast Washington County and northeast Waukesha County.  It includes the villages of Menomonee Falls and Lannon, and the southern half of the village of Germantown.  The district is represented by Republican Dan Knodl, since January 2025. Knodl previously was this district's representative from January 2009 to May 2023.

The 24th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 8th Senate district, along with the 22nd and 23rd Assembly districts.

Mill Pond Park in Menomonee Falls

Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waukesha County (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 406,978, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its median income of $88,985 placed it as the only county in Wisconsin on the list of the 100 highest-income counties in the U.S. by median income as of 2020. Its county seat and largest city is Waukesha.

Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area, and is one of the three WOW counties.
Anniebrook, Western Australia
Anniebrook is a rural locality of the City of Busselton in the South West region of Western Australia, located on Geographe Bay.

The City of Busselton and the locality of Anniebrook are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi (also spelled Wadandi) people of the Noongar nation.

City of Busselton
The City of Busselton is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, approximately 230 km (140 mi) south of Perth, the state capital. The city covers an area of 1,455 km2 (562 sq mi) and had a population of 40,640 as at the 2021 Census. It contains two large towns, Busselton and Dunsborough, and a number of smaller towns. The city office is located on Southern Drive, Busselton.
DemiCon
DemiCon is an annual volunteer-run science fiction, fantasy, and gaming convention held in Des Moines, Iowa, in late April/early May. The convention was first held in 1990.

DemiCon's host organization is the Des Moines Science Fiction and Fantasy Society, Inc. (DMSFFS), a nonprofit group that promotes literacy, science, and the arts, especially through the enjoyment of science fiction and fantasy.

Science fiction fandom
Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although formal clubs such as the Futurians (1937–1945) and the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (1934–present) are recognized examples of organized fandom).

Most often called simply "fandom" within the community, it can be viewed as a distinct subculture, with its own literature and jargon; marriages and other relationships among fans are common, as are multi-generational fan families.
Cora Schumacher
Cora Schumacher (born Cora-Caroline Brinkmann; 27 December 1976) is a German television and media personality. She is best known for her former marriage to racing driver Ralf Schumacher. She has featured on German television programmes such as Top of the Pops, Marienhof, Let's Dance and Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei, and featured on the cover of the GQ, Maxim and Playboy magazines.

Let's Dance (German TV series) season 8
The eight series of Let's Dance  started on 13 March 2015. Sylvie Meis and Daniel Hartwich returned as hosts while Motsi Mabuse, Joachim Llambi and Jorge González also returned as the judges.

For the first time 14 couples  danced on the show.
Market microstructure
Market microstructure is a branch of finance concerned with the details of how exchange occurs in markets. While the theory of market microstructure applies to the exchange of real or financial assets, more evidence is available on the microstructure in the financial field due to the availability of transactions data from them. The major thrust of market microstructure research examines the ways in which the working processes of a market affect determinants of transaction costs, prices, quotes, volume, and trading behavior. In the twenty-first century, innovations have allowed an expansion into the study of the impact of market microstructure on the incidence of market abuse, such as insider trading, market manipulation and broker-client conflict.

Market manipulation
In economics and finance, market manipulation occurs when someone intentionally alters the supply or demand of a security to influence its price. This can involve spreading misleading information, executing misleading trades, or manipulating quotes and prices.

Market manipulation is prohibited in most countries, in particular, it is prohibited in the United States under Section 9(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in the European Union under Article 12 of the Market Abuse Regulation, in Australia under Section 1041A of the Corporations Act 2001, and in Israel under Section 54(a) of the securities act of 1968. In the US, market manipulation is also prohibited for wholesale electricity markets under Section 222 of the Federal Power Act and wholesale natural gas markets under Section 4A of the Natural Gas Act.

In India it is illegal under the SEBI (Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices relating to Securities Market) Regulations, 2003.
Pseudaclytia pseudodelphire
Pseudaclytia pseudodelphire is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found in Venezuela.

The length of the forewings is 18–20 mm. The forewings are purple-brown, the basal half of the subcostal nervure white and with a white oblique band at the apex of the cell. The hindwings are sooty black, strongly glossed with blue.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
RV St. Barbara
RV St. Barbara was a research vessel belonging to the Cypriot Mili Shipping Company, Ltd. Measuring 78.9 m in length with a 13.7 m beam, the St. Barbara is most noted for discovering the 265 meter long wreck of the famed Graf Zeppelin on 12 July 2006 near the port of Łeba. She was last engaged in geotechnical and exploratory work for the Polish oil company Petrobaltic and was scrapped in Liepāja on 16 August 2017.

Research vessel
A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles which can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicated vessel. Due to the demanding nature of the work, research vessels may be constructed around an icebreaker hull, allowing them to operate in polar waters.
St Peter and St Paul's Church, Preston Deanery
St Peter and St Paul's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the hamlet of Preston Deanery, Northamptonshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. Although the church is not open for regular worship, it still hosts occasional special services, such as Pentecost and Christmas services for the Living Brook Benefice.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Long Beach–San Pedro Line
The Long Beach–San Pedro Line is a former Pacific Electric interurban railway service in Los Angeles County, California. Unlike most of the company's services, trains did not travel to Downtown Los Angeles and instead provided a service between Long Beach and San Pedro. It was designated as line 9.

Pacific Electric
The Pacific Electric Railway Company, nicknamed the Red Cars, was a privately owned mass transit system in Southern California consisting of electrically powered streetcars, interurban cars, and buses and was the largest electric railway system in the world in the 1920s. Organized around the city centers of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, it connected cities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Riverside County.

The system shared dual gauge track with the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge Los Angeles Railway, "Yellow Car," or "LARy" system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena, and Torrance.