hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plainfield (soil)
Plainfield soil series is the name given to a sandy soil which has developed on coarse-textured drift. It is an excessively drained entisol which typically has a brown profile with weak horizon development.

This is an extensive soil, covering more than 750,000 acres (3,000 km2) in the midwestern United States and southern Ontario in Canada.  It has a long history of cultivation with corn, grains and hay the chief crops. It is not as severely leached as the sandy podzols found in cooler, wetter climates, but poor land management has made some areas infertile. Today, pine plantations are common in the less fertile areas while farms under intensive management, including irrigation, raise specialty produce such as sweet corn and snap beans.

The series was established in Plainfield, Waushara County, Wisconsin.

Podzol
Podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia. In Western Europe, podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning. In some British moorlands with podzolic soils, cambisols are preserved under Bronze Age barrows.
Rowing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four event was part of the rowing programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on 28 and 29 August 1920. It was the third appearance of the event, which had previously been held inaugural rowing competitions in 1900 as well as in 1912. Eight boats (40 competitors), each from a different nation, competed. The medals all went to nations that had not won a medal in the men's coxed four previously: Switzerland and the United States took gold and silver, respectively, in their debuts in the event; Norway took bronze.

Rowing at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Rowing at the 1920 Summer Olympics, the first Olympics after World War I, saw five events. The competitions were held from 27 to 29 August in Antwerp, Belgium.

The event was marked by the arrival of future triple gold medalists John B. Kelly Sr., Jack Beresford and Paul Costello. Kelly and Beresford would stage a dramatic dual for the singles title, with Kelly prevailing. Immediately after his victory, Kelly would step into the double with his cousin Paul Costello, and easily win the gold in that event. Beresford, though he didn't win gold in these Olympics, would medal at five straight Olympics.

In the eight, the United States was represented by the United States Naval Academy. The United States would be represented by university crews at the next seven games in the men's eight, winning each time.
2023 Oslo Cup
The 2023 Oslo Cup was held from August 31 to September 3 at the Snarøya Curling Club in Oslo, Norway. The event was held in a round robin format with a purse of NOK 112,000 on the men's side and NOK 88,000 on the women's side. It was the first event of the 2023–24 Nordic Curling Tour.

Oslo Cup (curling)
The Oslo Cup (formerly the Norway Cup, the Radisson SAS Oslo Cup, the Weber Oslo Cup and the Radisson Blu Oslo Cup) is an annual curling tournament, held in September in Bærum, a suburb of Oslo. It is one of the events on the Nordic Curling Tour. From 2000 to 2012 it was one of the first curling tournaments of the World Curling Tour season. After the 2012 edition, the event was put on hiatus for ten years before returning in 2022.
Rotgipfler
Rotgipfler is a grape variety used to make aromatic white wine. It is almost exclusively found in the Gumpoldskirchen district of the Thermenregion in Austria. It is often blended with Zierfandler (which is also known as Spätrot) to make Spätrot-Rotgipfler. It is also increasingly used for quality wines. Such Rotgipfler wines are powerful, high in alcohol and suitable for cellaring.

In 1999 there were 118.42 hectares (292.6 acres) of Rotgipfler vineyards in Austria.

Rotgipfler has been named for the red tips of its vine leaves. The earliest known mention of Rotgipfler was in 1837 in Steiermark by Johann Burger. Rotgipfler has been identified as a cross between Traminer and Roter Veltliner.

Savagnin
Savagnin (French pronunciation: [savaɲɛ̃] ⓘ) or Savagnin blanc is a variety of white wine grape with green-skinned berries. It is mostly grown in the Jura region of France, where it is made into Savagnin wine or the famous vin jaune and vin de paille.
The Passenger (song)
"The Passenger" is a song written by Iggy Pop and Ricky Gardiner, recorded and released by Iggy Pop on the Lust for Life album in 1977. It was also released as the B-side of the album's first single, "Success". It was released as a single in its own right in March 1998, reaching number 22 in the UK charts.

Paul Trynka
Paul Trynka is a British rock journalist and author. He was the editor of the music magazine Mojo from 1999 to 2003, and has also worked as editorial director of Q and editor of International Musician. In 2004, he edited publisher Dorling Kindersley's compilation of the Mojo Special Limited Edition issues on the Beatles. He has also written for The Independent and Classic Rock magazine, and contributed articles on music, fashion, design or travel for The Guardian, Elle and Blueprint, among other publications. Before turning to journalism, he worked as a professional musician with the band Nyam Nyam, recording albums for the Beggars Banquet and Factory Benelux record labels.

He now works as a physics teacher in Thomas Tallis School in Kidbrooke, South East London.
Demolition of al-Baqi
Al-Baqi Cemetery, the oldest and one of the two most important Islamic graveyards located in Medina, in current-day Saudi Arabia, was demolished in 1806 and, following reconstruction in the mid-19th century, was destroyed again in 1925: 55  or 1926. An alliance of the House of Saud and the followers of the Wahhabi movement known as the Emirate of Diriyah carried out the first demolition. The Sultanate of Nejd, also ruled by the House of Saud and followers of Wahhabism, carried out the second demolition. In both cases, the actors were motivated by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam, which prohibits the building of monuments on graves.

Bid'ah
In Islam and sharia (Islamic law), bidʿah (Arabic: بدعة [ˈbɪdʕæ], lit. 'innovation') refers to innovation in religious matters. The category is further divided into bid'ah al-ibadat and bi'da al-mu'amalat. The first category refers to innovations in sacred matters, such as worship, and are generally forbidden as it violates the textual source of the Quran and the Sunnah. The second refers to innovations in the mundane realm and is often permissible, as long as it does not violate the Sharia.

Linguistically, as an Arabic word, the term can be defined more broadly, as "innovation, novelty, heretical doctrine, heresy". In classical Arabic literature outside of religion, bidʻah has been used as a form of praise for outstanding compositions of prose and poetry. The alternative positive concept for bidah is maslaha.
Kerry G. Johnson
Kerry G. Johnson is an American cartoonist, graphic designer, art director, caricaturist and children's book illustrator. He specializes in caricatures but has created cartoons, illustrations, and digital content creation in his career in brand development, strategic communications, and publication design.

Maryland Institute College of Art
The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it is regarded as one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.

MICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of US art schools. The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.
Iqaluit-Manirajak
Iqaluit-Manirajak (Inuktitut: ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ−ᒪᓂᕋᔭᒃ) is a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada. The riding consists of part of what was Iqaluit West and Iqaluit Centre. The district was created prior to the 28 October 2013 general election.

Iqaluit Centre
Iqaluit Centre was a territorial electoral district (riding) for the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Canada. The riding consisted of the community of Iqaluit.

Hunter Tootoo, former federal Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard served as the Member of the Legislative Assembly for this riding until its disestablishment in 2013.
Mittelreidenbach
Mittelreidenbach is an Ortsgemeinde - a member of the Verbandsgemeinde [United Municipalities of] Herrstein-Rhaunen - in the district of Birkenfeld in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, in southwestern Germany.

Birkenfeld (district)
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkŋ̍fɛlt]) is a district (Landkreis) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is the town of Birkenfeld. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Sankt Wendel (Saarland), Trier-Saarburg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach and Kusel.
Gunma Insect World
Gunma Insect World (ぐんま昆虫の森, Gunma Konchū-no Mori) Insect Observation Facility in Kiryū, Gunma, Japan is a learning facility for observing the ecology of insects. The building was designed by Tadao Ando, built by Takenaka Corporation with three other firms, and opened in 2005. The facility offers outdoor hands-on experience to allow visitors to observe and learn more about the world of insects.

Tadao Ando
Tadao Ando (安藤 忠雄, Andō Tadao; born September 13, 1941) is a Japanese architect. Self-taught, he is known for his unique integration of architecture and landscape. Architectural historian Francesco Dal Co described his work as an example of "critical regionalism". Ando was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1995.
Silver machine
In set theory, Silver machines are devices used for bypassing the use of fine structure in proofs of statements holding in L.  They were invented by set theorist Jack Silver as a means of proving global square holds in the constructible universe.

Square principle
In mathematical set theory, a square principle is a combinatorial principle asserting the existence of a cohering sequence of 
short closed unbounded (club) sets so that no one (long) club set coheres with them all.  As such they may be viewed as a kind of
incompactness phenomenon.  They were introduced by Ronald Jensen in his analysis of  the fine structure of the constructible universe L.
Rock City Crew
The Rock City Crew (also known as the X-Treeme Team) were a group of breakdancers based in Nottingham in the 1980s.  The crew was founded by Rock City nightclub DJ Jonathan Woodliffe.  Woodliffe was involved in starting the successful Saturday afternoon hip hop jams at Rock City as well as the club night on Fridays which attracted people from across the UK.  The Saturday afternoon jams were initially set up at the request of Trent FM, who later pulled out, and provided an opportunity for young kids to display their dancing skills.

Trent FM
Trent FM was an Independent Local Radio station which broadcast to Nottinghamshire. The station merged with two other East Midlands stations, Leicester Sound and Ram FM to form Capital FM East Midlands (part of Global's Capital FM Network) on Monday 3 January 2011.
Bevergern Castle
Bevergern Castle (German: Burg Bevergern) is a Burgstall, or a castle of which little remains, in the present centre of the farming village of Bevergern within the borough of Hörstel in the Westphalian region of Tecklenburg Land in the county of Steinfurt. It was blown up in 1680 by Ferdinand II of Fürstenberg, Bishop of Münster.

Hörstel
Hörstel (German pronunciation: [ˈhœʁstl̩] ⓘ; Low German: Hüörsel) is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the junction of the Mittellandkanal and the Dortmund-Ems Canal, approx. 10 km east of Rheine.

Parts of Hörstel are Riesenbeck, Dreierwalde, Birgte and Bevergern
Somwarpet North Assembly constituency
Somwarpet North Assembly constituency was a constituency of the Mysore Legislative Assembly (part of Coorg Legislative Assembly till 31 October 1956). The lone election to this constituency was conducted in 1952 to the legislature of the Coorg State (Kodagu) in India. The constituency included Somwarpet. This seat was included to Mysore Legislative Assembly in 1956 during the reorganisation of the Indian States based along linguistic lines, the state of Coorg (Kodagu) was merged with Mysore State.

Coorg Legislative Assembly
The Coorg Legislative Assembly was a legislative body which introduced laws for Coorg State from 1950 to 1956. It had its origins in the Coorg Legislative Council established on 26 January 1924 as a representative body of the Chief Commissioner's province of Coorg. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, the name of the body was officially changed to Coorg Legislative Assembly. The first and only general election to the assembly took place in 1952. It was eventually dissolved in 1956 when Coorg State was merged with the neighbouring Mysore State.
Urum al-Kubrah Subdistrict
Urum al-Kubrah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية أورم الكبرى, romanized: Nāḥiyah Urum al-Kubrah)  is a subdistrict of Atarib District in western Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Urum al-Kubrah.

At the 2004 census, the villages forming this subdistrict had a total population of 22,851.

Atarib District
Atarib District (Arabic: منطقة الأتارب, romanized: manṭiqat al-Atārib) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Atarib.

The district is located in the central western region of the Aleppo Governorate, sharing its west border with the Idlib Governorate. Until December 2008, it was a subdistrict of the neighboring Mount Simeon District. At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 76,873.
Sankranti
Sankranti (Sanskrit: संक्रान्ति, romanized: Saṁkrānti) refers to the transmigration of the sun from one zodiac to another in Indian astronomy. In Saurmana varsha (Hindu Solar year), there are twelve Sankrantis corresponding with twelve months of a year. The Sankrantis can be broadly classified into four main categories: Ayan (Solstice), Vishuva (Equinox), Vishupadi and Shadshitimukhi sankrantis.
Each Sankranti is marked as the beginning of a month in the sidereal solar calendars followed in South Indian states: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka; Himalayan states: Jammu region, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,  North Punjab and states of Eastern India: Odisha, Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal. On the other hand, in the sidereal solar Bengali calendar and Assamese calendar, a Sankranti is marked as the end of each month and the day following as the beginning of a new month.

Assamese calendar
The Assamese Calendar (Assamese: ভাস্কৰাব্দ, lit. 'Bhāskarābda') is a Lunisolar calendar, followed in the Indian state of Assam. The New Year in the Assamese calendar is known as Bohag Bihu. The calendar is counted from the date of the  ascension of Kumar Bhashkar Barman to the throne of Kamarupa. It differs 593 years with Gregorian calendar.
Rebecca Tushnet
Rebecca Tushnet (born April 4, 1973) is an American legal scholar. She serves as the Frank Stanton Professor of First Amendment Law at Harvard Law School. Her scholarship focuses on copyright, trademark, First Amendment, and false advertising.

In addition to her general scholarship, Tushnet is known for her fanfiction-related scholarship and her legal advocacy work for the Organization for Transformative Works, a nonprofit fandom-related project that supports fanworks (such as fanfiction) through preservation and advocacy.

False advertising
False advertising is the act of publishing, transmitting,  and also distributing or otherwise publicly circulating an advertisement containing a false claim, or statement, made intentionally, or recklessly, to promote the sale of property, goods or services. A false advertisement can be classified as deceptive if the advertiser deliberately misleads the consumer, rather than making an unintentional mistake. A number of governments use regulations or other laws and methods to limit false advertising.
Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld
Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld (Désirée Elisabeth Sibylla;  2 June 1938 – 21 January 2026) was the third child of Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla of Sweden, Duke and Duchess of Västerbotten, and an elder sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf.

Princess Margaret of Connaught
Princess Margaret of Connaught (Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah; 15 January 1882 – 1 May 1920) was Crown Princess of Sweden as the first wife of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf. Known in Sweden as Margareta, she was the elder daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. Her marriage produced five children.
Abidjan Exhibition Centre
The Abidjan Exhibition Centre is a convention and exhibition complex intended for trade shows, fairs and to host other significant events in Ivory Coast. It is located in the Port-Bouët commune of Abidjan close to the Félix Houphouët-Boigny International Airport.
It includes a large exhibition hall, a 5,000-seat convention center, an administrative building, a semi-covered parking lot with 800 spaces, and various outdoor facilities.

Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport
Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport (IATA: ABJ, ICAO: DIAP), also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located 16 km (9 nmi; 10 mi) south east of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Ivory Coast, Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1905–1993), this international airport is directly connected currently to airports in Europe and to many destinations within the rest of Africa and the Middle East. The airport is served by 21 airlines, covering more than 30 destinations.
Virgin Islands Creole
Virgin Islands Creole, or Virgin Islands Creole English, is an English-based creole consisting of several varieties spoken in the Virgin Islands and the nearby SSS islands of Saba, Saint Martin and Sint Eustatius, where it is known as Saban English, Saint Martin English, and Statian English, respectively.

The term "Virgin Islands Creole" is formal terminology used by scholars and academics, and rarely used in everyday speech. Informally, the creole is known as a dialect, as many locals perceive the creole as a dialect of English, not an English creole language. But academic sociohistorical and linguistic research suggests that it is in fact an English creole language.

Because there are several varieties of Virgin Islands Creole, it is also colloquially known by the specific island on which it is spoken: Crucian dialect, Thomian dialect, Tortolian dialect or Tolan dialect, Saban dialect, Saint Martin dialect, Statian dialect.

English-based creole languages
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language for which English was the lexifier, meaning that at the time of its formation the vocabulary of English served as the basis for the majority of the creole's lexicon. Most English creoles were formed in British colonies, following the great expansion of British naval military power and trade in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The main categories of English-based creoles are Atlantic (the Americas and Africa) and Pacific (Asia and Oceania).

Over 76.5 million people globally are estimated to speak an English-based creole. Sierra Leone, Malaysia, Nigeria, Ghana, Jamaica and Singapore have the largest concentrations of creole speakers.
Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission
The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC) was the congressionally created, 14-member federal commission focused on planning and commemorating the 200th birthday of the United States' 16th president on February 12, 2009. The commission served for ten years, from 2000 to 2010. Its official successor organization, announced in 2011 with an expanded board and broadened mission, is the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation.

Lincoln City, Indiana
Lincoln City is an unincorporated community in Carter Township, Spencer County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana.  It lies five minutes south of Interstate 64, northeast of Evansville, and approximately twenty miles north of the Ohio River.
Bardd Plant Cymru
Bardd Plant Cymru (Welsh for 'Children's Poet (laureate) for Wales'; sometimes shortened to Bardd y Plant ('Children's poet (laureate)')) is the poet laureate of Welsh-language children's literature. It is one of the two national children's literature roles in Wales, alongside the English-language Children's Laureate Wales role. It is run by Literature Wales, and supported by the Welsh Government, S4C, the Welsh Books Council and Urdd Gobaith Cymru.

The current holder, for 2025–2027, is Siôn Tomos Owen. The role was established in 2000, and has since been held by 19 people.

Welsh-language literature
Welsh-language literature  (Welsh: Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg) has been produced continuously since the emergence of Welsh from Brythonic as a distinct language in around the 5th century AD. The earliest Welsh literature was poetry, which in its very earliest examples shows many of the features of what became known as cynghanedd or the strict metres.A Poetry was followed by the first British prose literature in the 11th century (such as that contained in the Mabinogion). Welsh-language literature has repeatedly played a major part in the self-assertion of Wales and its people. It continues to be held in the highest regard, as evidenced by the size and enthusiasm of the audiences attending the annual National Eisteddfod of Wales (Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru), probably the largest amateur arts festival in Europe, at which prestigious prizes are given to both amateur and professional writers for compositions in a range of literary fields.
Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol
Guy III of Châtillon, Count of Saint-Pol (died 1289) was a French nobleman, and a younger son of Hugh I, Count of Blois, and Mary, Countess of Blois.

While his elder brother John I of Châtillon succeeded to their mother's County of Blois, Guy was given their father's county of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise at his death in 1248.

On January 16, 1255, Guy married Matilda of Brabant, Countess of Artois, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Swabia, and thereafter was a supporter of his brother-in-law Henry III against Guelders. They had:

Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol

Hugh II, Count of Blois.

Jacques, lord of Leuze-Châtillon.

Beatrix (d. 1304), married John I of Brienne, Count of Eu

Jeanne, married Guillaume III de Chauvigny, Lord of Châteauroux

Gertrude, married Florent, Lord of Mechelen

Guy joined the Eighth Crusade (1270) and the ill-fated Crusade of Aragón of Philip III of France.

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pɔl syʁ tɛʁnwaz] ⓘ, lit. 'Saint Pol on Ternoise'; West Flemish: Sint-Pols-aan-de-Ternas; Picard: Saint-Po-su-Térnoèse) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. It is the seat of the canton of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise.
Emarat, Kazerun
Emarat (Persian: عمارت, also Romanized as 'Emārat and 'Emāret; also known as 'Emārat-e Mollā-ye Anār, Imārat, and Mollā Anār) is a village in Khesht Rural District, Khesht District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 15 families.

Konartakhteh Rural District
Konartakhteh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کنارتخته) is in Konartakhteh and Kamaraj District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Konartakhteh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Khesht.