hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benchmark (crude oil)
A benchmark crude or marker crude is a crude oil that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil. There are three primary benchmarks, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Blend, and Dubai Crude. Other well-known blends include the OPEC Reference Basket used by OPEC, Tapis Crude which is traded in Singapore, Western Canadian Select used in Canada, Bonny Light used in Nigeria, Urals oil used in Russia  and Mexico's Isthmus. Energy Intelligence Group publishes a handbook which identified 195 major crude streams or blends in its 2011 edition.

Benchmarks are used because there are many different varieties and grades of crude oil. Using benchmarks makes referencing types of oil easier for sellers and buyers.

There is always a spread between WTI, Brent and other blends due to the relative volatility (high API gravity is more valuable), sweetness/sourness (low sulfur is more valuable) and transportation cost. This is the price that controls world oil market price.

Urals oil
Urals oil is a reference oil brand used as a basis for pricing of the Russian export oil mixture. It is a mix of heavy sour oil of the Urals and the Volga region with light oil of Western Siberia. Other reference oils are Brent, West Texas Intermediate and Dubai.

Urals brand oil is supplied through the Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline system and the Druzhba pipeline. Urals oil futures trade on Moscow Exchange. There was also an effort to trade it on NYMEX under the name of REBCO (Russian Export Blend Crude Oil).

Urals grade oil was traded in Northwestern Europe on June 25, 2020, at a premium to Brent of $2.35/bbl – a record in the entire history of monitoring since September 1994. Since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the price of Urals oil has dipped to $15–20 under the price of Brent.
Grundenmoos
47°24′37″N 9°18′09″E﻿ / ﻿47.4104162°N 9.3024541°E﻿ / 47.4104162; 9.3024541

Gründenmoos is a sport facility in St.Gallen, Switzerland.
It is used mainly for football and American football is the training ground for St Gallen Bears  American football club, FC St. Gallen and for FC Winkeln. The stadium has a capacity of 4,500. Since 1981 it is used for the CSIO Switzerland horse show jumping event.

FC St. Gallen
Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879, commonly known as St. Gallen, is a Swiss professional football club based in the city of St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen. It is the second oldest football club in continental Europe, after Kjøbenhavns Boldklub. The team competes in the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football.
Columbia Area Career Center
The Columbia Area Career Center is a vocational school in Columbia, Missouri operated by Columbia Public Schools providing career and technical education. Students are mainly from Columbia's four public high schools: Hickman High School, Douglass High School, Rock Bridge High School, and Battle High School. The Career Center also serves students from Columbia Independent School, Christian Fellowship School, Heritage Academy, Tolton High School, and Centralia High School. The school also offers professional and community education for adults. It is located just north of Rock Bridge High School in South Columbia.

Columbia Independent School
Columbia Independent School (CIS) is a private school and a prep school in Columbia, Missouri that serves 418 students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The school's curriculum emphasizes global perspectives.
Village Zendo
Village Zendo is a Soto Zen practice center in SoHo, Manhattan, New York City.  Originally located in the apartment of Enkyo Pat O'Hara and Barbara Joshin O'Hara, who co-founded the zendo in 1986, the Zen center took up the majority of space in O'Hara's apartment.  Village Zendo is a practice center of the White Plum Asanga and Zen Peacemakers, the former founded by O'Hara's teacher Taizan Maezumi and the latter by Bernard Glassman.

Bernie Glassman
Bernie Glassman (January 18, 1939 – November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi and founder of the Zen Peacemakers (previously the Zen Community of New York), an organization established in 1980. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his late wife, Sandra Jishu Holmes. Glassman was a Dharma heir of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people.

Glassman was known as a pioneer of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism, and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets with homeless people.

According to author James Ishmael Ford, in 2006 he

...transferred his leadership of the White Plum Asanga to his Dharma brother Merzel Roshi and has formally "disrobed," renouncing priesthood in favor of serving as a lay teacher.
Cardoon
The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus /ˈsɪnərə kɑːrˈdʌnkjʊləs/), also called the artichoke thistle, is a thistle in the family Asteraceae. It is a naturally occurring species that also has many cultivated forms, including the globe artichoke. It is native to the Mediterranean region, where it was domesticated in ancient times and still occurs as a wild plant.

Queijo de Nisa
Queijo de Nisa is a semi-hard sheep's milk cheese from the municipality of Nisa, in the subregion of Alto Alentejo in Portugal. It is created from raw milk, which is coagulated, then curdled using an infusion of thistle. It is yellowish white, with a robust flavor and a somewhat acidic finish.

Since 1996, Nisa cheese has a protected geographical status. It is registered and has a Protected designation of origin (PDO) by the European Commission.

It was honored by the magazine Wine Spectator as one of the world's top 100 in an edition devoted to cheese: "100 Great Cheeses".
Miss Brazil World 2007
Miss Brazil World 2007 was the 18th edition of the Miss Brazil World pageant and 2nd under MMB Productions & Events. The contest took place on September 22, 2007. Each state, the Federal District and Fernando de Noronha competed for the title. Jane Borges of Goiânia, Goiás crowned Regiane Andrade of Santa Catarina at the end of the contest. Andrade represented Brazil at Miss World 2007. The contest was held at the Barueri Municipal Theatre in Barueri, São Paulo, Brazil.

Miss Brazil World
Miss Brazil World (Portuguese: Miss Brasil Mundo)  is an annual national beauty pageant that selects Brazil's official representative to Miss World.

The Brazilian representatives began to be sent from the year 1958, with girl from Pernambuco Sônia Maria Campos. Since 2006 who manages the sending of representatives to the international event is the team led by Henrique Fontes (Global Beauties Website director). The country has so far only an international crown, obtained with the medicine student Lúcia Petterle in 1971.
Zarrinnaal
Zarrinnaal or Zarrin Naal (Kurdish: زاری ناڵ) is the name of a dynasty of Kurdish tribal chiefs and state officials belonging to the Zarrin Kafsh tribe and originated from Sanandaj in Kurdistan Province of Iran. Their heads with the title of Beyg, Beyk or Beg (lit."lord") were the Aghas of Senneh ("Masters of Sanandaj") and ruled their fiefdom during the time of four hundred years when the Safavids (r. 1501-1722), Afsharids (r. 1736–1796) and finally Qajar dynasty (r. 1785–1925) reigned in Iran.

Ardalan
Ardalan (Sorani Kurdish: ئەردەڵان, Persian: اردلان), also known as the Ardalanids, the House of Ardalan, the Ardalanid dynasty, or Ardalanid Kurdistan (Persian: کردستان اردلان, romanized: Kurdistân-e Ardalân), was a hereditary Kurdish Emirate in western Iran from around the 14th century until 1865 or 1868 with Sanandaj as capital. The Ardalan state was completely independent until 1617, when it was incorporated into the Safavid Empire as a semi-independent frontier province by the name of Ardalan. The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan province of Iran and its rulers were loyal to Qajar Iran. Baban was its main rival. Gorani was its literary language and lingua franca. When the Ardalan emirate fell, literary work in Gorani ceased.
Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive
The Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive 2014/49 also referred to as DGS Directive or DGSD (2014/49) is a Directive in EU law that requires bank customers' deposits are guaranteed by member states up to €100,000.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
Kosher locust
Kosher locusts are types of orthopterans deemed permissible for consumption under the laws of kashrut (Jewish dietary law). While the consumption of most insects is generally forbidden, Leviticus excepts four categories of flying insects (for that reason, the term "kosher locust" is somewhat of a misnomer). However, the identity of those species is in dispute. Before their emigration to Israel in the mid-20th century, the Jewish communities of Yemen and parts of northern Africa, ate certain species which they preserved a tradition to be kosher, and they continue to do so occasionally to this day.

Migratory locust
The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) is the most widespread locust species, and the only species in the genus Locusta. It occurs throughout Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Because of the vast geographic area it occupies, which comprises many different ecological zones, numerous subspecies have been described. However, not all experts agree on the validity of some of these subspecies. While it reaches plague proportions in drier areas, it is solitary in northern Australia savannas.

Many other species of grasshopper with gregarious and possibly migratory behaviour are referred to as 'locusts' in the vernacular, including the widely distributed desert locust.

At 6.5 Gbp, the migratory locust possesses one of the largest known insect genomes.
Sporthotel Pontresina
The Sporthotel Pontresina was completed in 1881.   It is a three star hotel in the resort village of Pontresina, slightly less than two hours (depending on road/rail conditions) to the south of Chur in Graubünden, Switzerland.

The hotel comprises 140 beds in 82 rooms, with underground parking for 60 cars.  During the summer season its focus is on hikers and mountain bikers, while winter season guests mostly come for the skiing and other winter sports.

Graubündner Kantonalbank
The Graubündner Kantonalbank (known as Banca Chantunala Grischuna in Romansh or Banca Cantonale Grigione in Italian) is a Swiss cantonal bank which is part of the 24 cantonal banks serving Switzerland's 26 cantons. The headquarters are located in Chur, and there are 45 branches around Graubünden.
1945 Hamilton by-election
The 1945 Hamilton by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Waikato electorate of Hamilton. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Frank Findlay and was won by Hilda Ross, both of the National Party.

Hamilton (New Zealand electorate)
Hamilton is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate that existed from 1922 to 1969. The electorate covered the urban area of the city of Hamilton. In 1969, the city was part of two rural electorates, Hamilton East and Waikato. For the 1972 election, the nature of Hamilton East changed to urban, and the Hamilton West electorate complements it to form a second urban electorate.

Five members of parliament have served the Hamilton electorate over its 47 years of existence. Two of them died in office, and both deaths caused by-elections.
Galacantha
Galacantha is a genus of squat lobsters in the family Munidopsidae, containing the following species:

Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885

Galacantha bellula Osawa, Lin & Chan, 2013

Galacantha diomedeae Faxon, 1893

Galacantha galeata Komai, 2011

Galacantha quiquei Macpherson, 2007

Galacantha rostrata A. Milne Edwards, 1880

Galacantha spinosa A. Milne Edwards, 1880

Galacantha subrostrata Macpherson, 2007

Galacantha subspinosa Macpherson, 2007

Galacantha trachynotus Anderson, 1896

Galacantha valdiviae Balss, 1913

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
Frampol
Frampol [ˈframpɔl] is a small town in eastern Poland, in Biłgoraj County, within Lublin Voivodeship. It has 1,431 inhabitants (December 2021), and lies in the eastern part of a historic region of Lesser Poland, near a hilly upland called Roztocze. Frampol is surrounded by the Szczebrzeszyn Landscape Park and the Janów Lubelski Forest. The town is a junction of two local roads (the 74th and the 835th). The distance to Lublin is 68 kilometers.

Biłgoraj County
Biłgoraj County (Polish: powiat biłgorajski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies 79 kilometres (49 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
Crucible (Denning novel)
Star Wars: Crucible is a Star Wars novel written by Troy Denning, released by Del Rey Books on July 9, 2013. Featuring Luke Skywalker, Han Solo and Leia Organa Solo, it is set 45 years after the 1977 film Star Wars. It is a follow-up to the Fate of the Jedi series of novels. To date, it is the chronologically last Star Wars Legends novel to be released.

Fate of the Jedi
Fate of the Jedi is a series of nine science-fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe (now known as Star Wars Legends). The series is written in three cycles by the authors Aaron Allston, Christie Golden, and Troy Denning.
Parable of the Poisoned Arrow
The parable of the arrow (or 'Parable of the poisoned arrow') is a Buddhist parable that illustrates the skeptic and pragmatic themes of the Cūḷamālukya Sutta (The Shorter Instructions to Mālukya) which is part of the middle length discourses (Majjhima Nikaya), one of the five sections of the Sutta Pitaka in Pāli Canon. The Pāli text contains a number of hapax legomena or otherwise obscure archery terms and these are generally poorly dealt with in English translations.

Sutta Piṭaka
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Vinaya Piṭaka (Basket of Discipline) and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Basket of Higher Doctrine). The Sutta Pitaka contains more than 10,000 suttas (teachings) attributed to the Buddha or his close companions.
1924 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The United States Senate election of 1924 in Massachusetts was held on November 4, 1924. Incumbent Democratic Senator David I. Walsh, first elected in 1918, ran for a second term in office but was defeated by the Republican nominee, incumbent Speaker of the U.S. House Frederick H. Gillett. Despite winning 13 out of 14 counties in the state, Gillett was only able to win a narrow margin of 1.7%, which was largely due to Walsh's strong performance in Suffolk County, home to the state capital of Boston, likely being carried over by fellow Republican Calvin Coolidge's strong performance in the 1924 United States presidential election.

Walsh would later go on to win a special Senate election in 1926 to the Class I seat, and he served until his final defeat in 1946.

1926 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts
The 1926 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts was held on November 2, 1926.

Former Democratic Senator David I. Walsh defeated incumbent William Morgan Butler, a Republican who was appointed after the death of Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.

Walsh returned to the U.S. Senate for a 2-year term. He had previously served in the Senate from 1919 to 1925. This was the first time since 1851 that Democrats held this Senate seat.
Tôn Thất Xứng
Major General Tôn Thất Xứng ([toŋ˧˧ tʰək̚˦˥ sɨŋ˦˥], tong tək sing; 1923–2018) was an officer of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

He served as the commander of I Corps, which oversaw the northernmost part of the country, from 30 January 1964 until 14 November of the same year, when he was replaced by Lieutenant General Nguyễn Chánh Thi. Xứng was installed on the day of the successful coup by General Nguyễn Khánh that toppled the military junta of General Dương Văn Minh.

Nguyễn Khánh
Nguyễn Khánh (Vietnamese: [ŋwiəŋ˨˩˦ kʰan˦˥]}; 8 November 1927 – 11 January 2013) was a Vietnamese military officer and politician. A general of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, he was the leader of South Vietnam from January 1964 until February 1965 while at the head of a military junta, serving during that time in various capacities, alternatively as head of state and as prime minister. He was involved in or against many coup attempts, failed and successful, from 1960 until his defeat and exile from South Vietnam in 1965. Khánh lived out his later years with his family in exile in the United States. He died in 2013 in San Jose, California, at age 85.
Cape Evans
Cape Evans (77°38′S 166°24′E﻿ / ﻿77.633°S 166.400°E﻿ / -77.633; 166.400﻿ (Cape Evans)) is a rocky cape on the west side of Ross Island, Antarctica, forming the north side of the entrance to Erebus Bay.

Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
A Historic Site or Monument (HSM) is a protected location of historic interest on the continent of Antarctica, or on its adjacent islands. The list of historic sites was first drawn up in 1972, and has since expanded to cover 96 sites, with the most recent listed in 2024. Five sites have been removed from the list for various reasons.

Historic Sites and Monuments are protected under the Antarctic Treaty System, as one of three classes of Antarctic Protected Areas.

The criteria for listing a site are that it should fulfil one or more of the following criteria:
Gnaeus Domitius Philippus
Gnaeus Domitius Philippus was a Roman eques who held a number of military and civilian positions during the first quarter of the third century. Philippus has also been identified in Christian legend as the father of Saint Eugenia of Rome.

Equites
The equites (/ˈɛkwɪtiːz/; lit. 'horse'  or 'cavalrymen', though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property/social-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian order was known as an eques (Latin: [ˈɛ.kʷɛs]).
Mireille Bauer
Mireille Bauer (born 24 August 1951, Barr, Alsace, northeastern France) is a French percussionist and former member of Gong.

Through her then boyfriend Pierre Moerlen, she first worked with Gong in a session capacity on Angel's Egg and You before joining the band fully for albums including Expresso II (by which time the band had become Pierre Moerlen's Gong). She subsequently left the band and joined progressive rock/fusion band Edition Speciale (1978-9). During this period, she was living with Gong bassist Francis Moze.

In the 1980s, she played in John Greaves' backing band, working alongside François Ovide. She later married Ovide and had two children.

She subsequently worked with Art Zoyd in the 1990s.

Pierre Moerlen's Gong
Pierre Moerlen's Gong was an instrumental jazz rock band led by French drummer Pierre Moerlen which developed as an offshoot of the Canterbury scene band Gong founded and led by Daevid Allen. It was notable for the prominent use of mallet percussion, particularly vibraphone, in a jazz rock context.
2013–14 Hong Kong Rangers FC season
The 2013–14 season is Biu Chun Rangers's 35th, as well as 2nd consecutive, season in the Hong Kong First Division League. Biu Chun Rangers will compete in the First Division League, Senior Challenge Shield and FA Cup.

Hong Kong Rangers FC
Hong Kong Rangers Football Club (Chinese: 香港流浪足球會), often abbreviated to Rangers, currently known as Biu Chun Rangers due to sponsorship reasons, is a Hong Kong professional football club which currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League. They have won the Hong Kong First Division once, the Senior Shield four times, the Hong Kong FA Cup twice and the Sapling Cup once.
ArenaBowl XIV
ArenaBowl XIV is widely hailed as one of the most exciting games in ArenaBowl history, ranking alongside classics such as ArenaBowl XVIII and ArenaBowl XIX.  Featuring two teams from the Arena Football League's Southern Division, the game went as a Southern Division game might be expected to: a low-scoring, largely defensive struggle.  In the end, however, Orlando Predator kicker David Cool converted a 19-yard field goal as time expired to give the Predators a 41-38 victory over the Nashville Kats and their second ArenaBowl title in three years.

South Division (AFL)
The American Conference - South Division was a division of the Arena Football League's American Conference.

The Southern Division was formed in 1992 when the AFL first split into three divisions. The League used only conferences in 1993 and 1994, but returned to division play in 1995. The Southern Division has produced 10 ArenaBowl teams and 5 champions, with the most recent during the 2011 Arena Football League season by the Sharks. Rivalries such as the Tampa Bay Storm and Orlando Predators, known as the "War on I-4," used to define this division, but the Georgia Force had risen to the top and dominated in recent years before their folding.
Courantyne River
The Courantyne River (/ˈkɜːrəntaɪn/ KUR-ən-tyne), also known as Corentyne and Corantijn (Dutch: [ˌkoːrɑnˈtɛin] ⓘ), is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana.

Its tributaries include Kutari River, Coeroeni River, New River, and Zombie Creek. In Suriname; Kabalebo River, Lucie River, Sipaliwini River, Kutari River.

Lucie River
Lucie River is a river of Suriname. It feeds into the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Courantyne River. The river was discovered and named by Eilerts de Haan in 1908. Eilerts de Haan is buried near the river.
1994 KAL Cup Korea Open
The 1994 KAL Cup Korea Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the World Series tier of the 1994 ATP Tour. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was played at Seoul in South Korea from 18 April through 25 April 1994. Unseeded Jeremy Bates won the singles title.

Seoul Open
The Seoul Open is a defunct Grand Prix and ATP Tour affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1987 to 1996. It was held at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul in South Korea and played on outdoor hard courts.