hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biocytin
Biocytin is a chemical compound that is an amide formed from the vitamin biotin and the amino acid L-lysine.  As an intermediate in the metabolism of biotin, biocytin occurs naturally in blood serum and urine.

The enzyme biotinidase cleaves biocytin and makes biotin available to be reused by other enzymes.  Because biocytin is the natural substrate of the enzyme biotinidase, biocytin can be used to measure the biotinidase activity and therefore diagnose biotinidase deficiency.

Biocytin is also used in scientific research as a histological stain for nerve cells.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Harry Halpern
Harry Halpern (February 4, 1899 – June 10, 1981) was an American Conservative Jewish educator and rabbi who for almost 49 years was the rabbi of the  East Midwood Jewish Center (EMJC), in Brooklyn, New York.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Packard Humanities Institute
The Packard Humanities Institute (PHI) is a non-profit foundation, established in 1987, and located in Los Altos, California, which funds projects in a wide range of conservation concerns in the fields of archaeology, music, film preservation, and historic conservation, plus Greek epigraphy, with an aim to create tools for basic research in the Humanities.

Los Altos, California
Los Altos (/lɔːs ˈæltoʊs/ ⓘ; Spanish for "The Heights") is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 31,625 according to the 2020 census.

Most of the city's growth occurred between 1950 and 1980. Originally an agricultural town with many summer cottages and apricot orchards, Los Altos is a bedroom community on the western edge of Silicon Valley, serving as a major source of commuters to other parts of Silicon Valley. Los Altos strictly limits commercial zones to the downtown area and small shopping and office parks lining Foothill Expressway and El Camino Real.
Bambang Pamungkas
Bambang Pamungkas (born 10 June 1980) is an Indonesian football manager and former player. As a footballer, he predominantly played for Persija Jakarta and the Indonesia national football team. His natural position is striker. Pamungkas made his name in South East Asian football when he scored the only goal for Indonesia at the 2002 Tiger Cup semifinal against Malaysia, and was the tournament's top scorer with eight goals. He is regarded as one of the best striker in Southeast Asia and Asia.

Pamungkas is considered to be an Indonesian living legend and most successful player in Indonesia. He is known with an outstanding header of the ball, and has a reputation for sharpness in the penalty box. He earned 85 caps and 37 goals with the Indonesia national team, and is perhaps the team's most popular player among its supporters. He was considered one of top ten Asian players of 2012 by ESPN Soccernet.

2010 AFF Championship
The 2010 AFF Championship, sponsored by Suzuki and P&G and officially known as the 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup, was the 8th edition of the AFF Championship, took place on 1–29 December 2010. Indonesia and Vietnam hosted the group stage from 1 to 8 December. Two-legged home-and-away semi-finals and finals were held between 15 and 29 December 2010.

Vietnam were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Malaysia in the semi-finals. Indonesia appeared in their fourth final while the Philippines qualified for the semi-finals for the first time under the management of Simon McMenemy. Malaysia subsequently won their first ever title since they first appeared in the final in the inaugural edition, beating Indonesia 4–2 on aggregate in the finals. Malaysia became the first nation to win the AFF Cup (including tournaments held under earlier formats), despite losing two games in the tournament (both to Indonesia).
Vladimir Müller
Vladimir Karlovich Myuller (or Müller, Russian: Владимир Карлович Мюллер; 24 May 1880 – c. December 1941) was a Russian linguist and lexicographer. Müller held a professorial degree and compiled the most popular English–Russian dictionary, which saw numerous reeditions (some containing about 70,000 words and expressions). Müller was also an expert on medieval dramaturgy, particularly on William Shakespeare. He published The Drama and Theatre of Shakespear's Epoch (1925) and lectured Shakespeariana to Dmitry Likhachov.

Dmitry Likhachev
Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachev (Russian: Дми́трий Серге́евич Лихачёв, also spelled Dmitrii Likhachev or Dmitry Likhachov; 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1906 – 30 September 1999) was a Russian medievalist, linguist, and an inmate of Gulag. During his lifetime, Likhachev was considered the world's foremost scholar of the Old Russian language and its literature.

He was revered as "the last of old St Petersburgers", and as "a guardian of national culture". Due to his high profile as a Soviet dissident writer, social critic, and activist during his later life, Likhachev was often referred to as "Russia's conscience".
Blason populaire
Blason populaire is an umbrella genre in the field of folkloristics used to designate any item of any genre which makes use of stereotypes, usually, but not always, negative stereotypes, of a particular group. "These stereotypes are manifested in a wide array of folkloric genres, including proverbs, other traditional sayings, nicknames, jokes, songs, rhymes, and football chants. All share a common function in that they are invoked to highlight positive aspects of the in-group by explicit auto-stereotyping or, alternatively, to identify the negative characteristics of out-groups. The explicit positive stereotyping of an in-group may often implicitly suggest negative characteristics of a rival out-group."
In blasons populaires  nations are homogeneous and have national characteristics.

Items such as ethnic jokes or blonde jokes are very common examples of blason populaire.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
Light therapy
Light therapy, also called phototherapy or bright light therapy, is the exposure to direct sunlight or artificial light at controlled wavelengths in order to treat a variety of medical disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, cancers, neonatal jaundice, and skin wound infections. Treating skin conditions such as neurodermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and eczema with ultraviolet light is called ultraviolet light therapy.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
Ko Taen
Ko Taen (Thai: เกาะแตน, pronounced [kɔ̀ʔ tɛ̄ːn]) is an island, approximately 15 kilometers off the mainland and five kilometers south of Ko Samui in the Gulf of Thailand. It is part of the Samui archipelago (Mu Ko Samui, หมู่เกาะสมุย), which includes about 60 other islands. Just northwest of Ko Taen is the Mu Ko Ang Thong National Park.

Mu Ko Ang Thong National Park
Mu Ko Ang Thong is a marine national park in the Gulf of Thailand in Surat Thani Province. It covers 42 islands in a total area of 63,750 rai ~ 102 square kilometres (39 sq mi), of which about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) are land and the rest is water. The park was established on 12 November 1980. The northern tip of Ko Phaluai is also part of the marine park. There is a ranger station, bungalows, a shop, and a restaurant at Ao Phi Beach on Ko Wua Talap.

The name "Ang Thong" (Thai: อ่างทอง) means 'bowl of gold'. "Mu Ko" (หมู่เกาะ) simply means 'group of islands'.

Since 2002 the park has been registered as Ramsar site number 1184.
Wistron Ladies Open
The Wistron Ladies Open is a professional golf tournament on the Taiwan LPGA Tour first played in 2020. It became co-sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour in 2024.

The tournament, held at Sunrise Golf and Country Club near Taoyuan, Taiwan ahead of the Hero Women's Indian Open, is one of 12 LET events in 2024 to feature a prize fund of at least $1 million.

Women's Indian Open
The Hero Women's Indian Open (named after sponsor Hero) is a golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour. It is played at the DLF Golf and Country Club in Gurgaon, India.

Tournament name through the years:

2007–2009: DLF Women's Indian Open

2010: Hero Honda Women's Indian Open

2011–present: Hero Women's Indian Open
Geography of Stockholm
The City of Stockholm is situated on fourteen islands and on the banks to the archipelago where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea. The city centre is virtually situated on the water.

The area of Stockholm is one of several places in Sweden with a joint valley terrain. In these landscapes erosion along geological joints has split the flattish upper surfaces into low-lying plateaus. In the case of Stockholm the plateau surfaces are remnants of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain.

Parliament House, Stockholm
The Parliament House (Swedish: Riksdagshuset [ˈrɪ̂ksdɑː(ɡ)sˌhʉːsɛt] ⓘ) is the seat of the parliament of Sweden, the Riksdag. It is located on nearly half of Helgeandsholmen (island), in the Gamla stan (old town) district of central Stockholm.
Foreign relations of Benin
After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

In recent years Benin has strengthened ties with France, the former colonial power, as well as the United States and the main international lending institutions. Benin has also adopted a mediating role in the political crises in Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo and provided a contribution to the United Nations force in Haiti, all of which were indications of the country's growing confidence in the international community. Some of the allies of Benin are France, India, US, UK, Netherlands, Ghana, and China.

People's Republic of Benin
The People's Republic of Benin (French: République populaire du Bénin; sometimes translated literally as the Benin Popular Republic or Popular Republic of Benin) was a communist state located in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent, which became present-day Benin in 1990. The People's Republic was established on 30 November 1975, after the 1972 coup d'état in the Republic of Dahomey. It effectively lasted until 1 March 1990, with the adoption of a new constitution, and the abolition of Marxism–Leninism in the nation in 1989.
Yasuhito Namekawa
Yasuhito Namekawa (Japanese: 滑川康仁, Namekawa Yasuhito) (born October 27, 1974) is a Japanese mixed martial artist who competes in the light heavyweight division. Namekawa made his mixed martial arts debut for Fighting Network RINGS in 1998. He fought in mainly shootfighting bouts until 1999 when RINGS introduced the King of King Rules and transitioned into a modern MMA promotion. Throughout his career, Namekawa has fought for organisations such as RINGS, Deep and Pride FC. His last fight to date was in 2008, with a professional mixed martial arts career spanning ten years. He also briefly competed in shoot style professional wrestling, exclusively for Kiyoshi Tamura's U-STYLE promotion.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
2015 ITF Women's Circuit – Hong Kong
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit – Hong Kong was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which is part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Hong Kong, on 5–11 January 2015.

2015 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2015 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2015 edition of the second tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Clays Lane Estate
The Clays Lane Estate was a housing estate in Stratford, east London, and the UK’s largest (and Europe's second largest) purpose built housing cooperative.  It was an experiment in building close-knit communities as a way of helping vulnerable single people.  It became the subject of significant controversy when it was demolished to make way for the site of the London 2012 Olympic games.

University of East London
The University of East London (UEL) is a public university located in the London Borough of Newham, London, England, based at three campuses in Stratford and Docklands, following the opening of University Square Stratford in September 2013. The University of East London began as the West Ham Technical Institute and it was officially opened in October 1898 after approval was given for the construction of the site by the West Ham Technical Instruction Act Committee in 1892 following the Technical Instruction Act of 1889. It gained university status in 1992. It was formerly known as College of East London.

The community is made up of over 40,000 students from over 160 countries studying at the University of East London and collaborative partners.
Potez 53
The Potez 53 was a French low-wing enclosed cockpit single-seat cantilever monoplane racing aircraft built by Potez to specifically to compete in the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe race, which it won outright.

Potez
Potez (pronounced [pɔtɛz]) was a French aircraft manufacturer founded as Aéroplanes Henry Potez by Henry Potez at Aubervilliers in 1919. The firm began by refurbishing war-surplus SEA IV aircraft, but was soon building new examples of an improved version, the Potez SEA VII.
Göte Turesson
Göte Wilhelm Turesson (6 April 1892 – 30 December 1970) was a Swedish evolutionary botanist who made significant contributions to ecological genetics, and coined the terms ecotype and agamospecies. He conducted extensive work to demonstrate that there is a genetic basis to the differentiation of plant populations.  This work stood in sharp contrast to most researchers at the time, who believed that the differentiation of plant populations was due to phenotypic plasticity.  Further, Turesson came to the conclusion that differentiation of plant populations was largely driven by natural selection.  His work on locally adapted plant populations led him to coin the term "ecotype" in 1922.

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Swedish Agricultural University; Swedish: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet; SLU) is a public research university in Sweden. Although its main campus and head office is located in Ultuna, Uppsala, the university has several campuses in different parts of Sweden; the other main facilities being Alnarp in Lomma Municipality, Skara, and Umeå.

Unlike other state-owned universities in Sweden, SLU is funded through the budget for the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation (previously the Ministry for Rural Affairs). In 2020, the university had 3,155 full-time staff, 4,216 full-time students, 559 research students and 191 professors.

SLU is a founding member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS), established in 2001.
Susa, Cundinamarca
Susa is a town and municipality in the Ubaté Province, part of the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. The town centre is located at an altitude of 2,655 metres (8,711 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the capital Bogotá. Susa borders Simijaca, Fúquene, San Miguel de Sema and Lake Fúquene.

San Miguel de Sema
San Miguel de Sema is a town and municipality in Boyacá Department, Colombia, part of the subregion of the Western Boyacá Province. It is one of the 123 municipalities of the department of Boyacá, Colombia, located to the west of the department with the urban centre at an altitude of 2,615 metres (8,579 ft). It is bordered by the municipalities Chiquinquirá, Simijaca, Fúquene (Cundinamarca), and the Boyacá municipalities Ráquira and Tinjacá.
Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on August 9, 1936.  The final was won by Ibolya Csák of Hungary. Gretel Bergmann, a German Jewish athlete, was prevented from competing by the Nazis.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics
At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, 29 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 6 for women. The program of events was unchanged from the previous Games.  There was a total of 776 participants from 43 countries competing.
Battle of Cowan's Ford
The Battle of Cowan's Ford took place in the Southern Theater of Cornwallis's 1780–1782 Campaign during the American Revolutionary War. It was fought on  February 1, 1781, at Cowan's Ford on the Catawba River in northwestern Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, between a force of about 2,400 British and about 800 Whig (Patriot) militia who were attempting to slow the British advance across the river. The American general William Lee Davidson was killed in this battle.

Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Mecklenburg County (/ˈmɛklənˌbɜːrɡ/) is a county located in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,115,482, making it the second-most populous county in North Carolina (after Wake County), and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass one million in population.  Its county seat is Charlotte, the state's largest municipality.

Mecklenburg County is the central county of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. On September 12, 2013, it was estimated the county surpassed one million residents.

Like its seat, the county is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of the United Kingdom (1761–1818), whose name is derived from the region of Mecklenburg in Germany. It was named for Mecklenburg Castle (Mecklenburg meaning "large castle" in Low German) in the village of Dorf Mecklenburg.
Olomouc Half Marathon
The Olomouc Half Marathon is an annual half marathon race which takes place in June in Olomouc, Czech Republic. Known as the Mattoni Olomouc Half Marathon, it is a part of RunCzech running circuit. In 2013, it was awarded IAAF Silver Label Road Race status.

The course circumvents in two large loops city centre of Olomouc. The first edition of the event was held on June 19, 2010. In 2013, about 3 500 runners participated in the race.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
2023 Arab Club Champions Cup final
The 2023 Arab Club Champions Cup final was the final match of the 2023 Arab Club Champions Cup, the 30th season of the Arab League's main club football tournament organised by UAFA, and the 3rd season since it was renamed from the Arab Club Championship to the Arab Club Champions Cup. It was played at the King Fahd Stadium in Taif. Al-Nassr beat Al-Hilal 2–1 after extra time to earn their first Arab Club Champions Cup title.

King Fahd Sports City Stadium (Taif)
King Fahd Sports City Stadium  is a multi-use stadium and sports city located in Al Hawiyah, Saudi Arabia. It hosted some of the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship, the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games, and the 2023 Arab Club Champions Cup matches. The capacity of the stadium is 20,000 spectators. The stadium is named after Fahd of Saudi Arabia.