hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Component analysis (statistics)
Component analysis is the analysis of two or more independent variables which comprise a treatment modality. It is also known as a dismantling study.

The chief purpose of the component analysis is to identify the component which is efficacious in changing behavior, if a singular component exists.

Eliminating ineffective or less effective components may help with improving social validity, reducing aversive elements, improving generalization and maintenance, as well as administrative efficacy.

It is also a required skill for the BCBA.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Mūlapariyāya Sutta
The Mūlapariyāya Sutta (MN 1, The Root of all things or The Root Sequence) is a Theravada Buddhist discourse which "is one of the deepest and most difficult suttas in the Pali Canon." This discourse analyzes the thinking process of four different types of people and shows how the arising of dukkha is due to an intricate process which begins with perception and can only be ended by insight into the true nature of reality.

Majjhima Nikāya
The Majjhima Nikāya ("Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture collection, the second of the five nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pāli Tipiṭaka (lit. "Three Baskets") of Theravāda Buddhism. It was composed between 3rd century BCE and 2nd century CE. This nikāya consists of 152 discourses attributed to the Buddha and his chief disciples.
Radioactive (film)
Radioactive is a 2019 British biographical drama film starring Rosamund Pike as Marie Curie. It was directed by Marjane Satrapi and written by Jack Thorne, who adapted the 2010 graphic novel Radioactive: Marie & Pierre Curie: A Tale of Love and Fallout by the American artist Lauren Redniss.

The film premiered as the Closing Night Gala at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was scheduled to be released in cinemas in 2020, but its opening was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was released digitally in the United Kingdom on 15 June 2020 by StudioCanal and began streaming on Amazon Prime Video in the United States on 24 July 2020.

Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist and chemist, and a pioneer in crystallography and magnetism. He shared one half of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Curie, for their work on radioactivity. With their win, the Curies became the first married couple to win a Nobel Prize, launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes.
Ian McHarg
Ian L. McHarg (20 November 1920 – 5 March 2001) was a Scottish landscape architect and writer on regional planning using natural systems. McHarg was one of the most influential persons in the environmental movement who brought environmental concerns into broad public awareness and ecological planning methods into the mainstream of landscape architecture, city planning and public policy.

He was the founder of the department of landscape architecture at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. His 1969 book Design with Nature pioneered the concept of ecological planning. It continues to be one of the most widely celebrated books on landscape architecture and land-use planning. In this book, he also set forth the basic concepts that were to develop later in geographic information systems.

Frederick Steiner
Frederick R. "Fritz" Steiner is an American ecologist who currently serves as the Dean and Paley Professor for the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, having succeeded Marilyn Jordan Taylor in 2016. He is a fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects and the American Academy in Rome. He teaches courses in the areas of landscape analysis, landscape architecture theory, and environmental impact assessment. His specialization is in ecological planning, historic preservation, environmental design, green building, and regional planning.
Strombosia pustulata
Strombosia pustulata is a species of tree in the family Olacaceae. It is native to the rainforests of tropical West and Central Africa. Common names for this tree include itako in Nigeria, afina in Ghana, poé in Abé spoken in Côte d'Ivoire and mba esogo in Equatorial Guinea.

Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. As of July 2021, the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it into seven segregate families.
J. G. O. Tepper
Johann Gottlieb Otto Tepper (19 April 1841 – 16 February 1923) was a Prussian-born botanist, teacher, plant collector and entomologist who spent most of his life living and working in Australia. He spent much of his career with the South Australian Museum.

Norwood, South Australia
Norwood is a suburb of Adelaide, about 4 km (2.5 mi) east of the Adelaide city centre. The suburb is in the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters, whose predecessor was the oldest South Australian local government municipality.

The Parade runs east to west through the centre of the suburb. Two roads run parallel to this, also along the whole length of the suburb: Beulah Road to the north, and William Street to the south.
1943–44 Montreal Canadiens season
The 1943–44 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 35th season, 27th in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team would win the Stanley Cup for the fifth time. Bill Durnan would join the club as its new goaltender and he won the Vezina Trophy in his rookie season.

Bill Durnan
William Ronald Durnan (January 22, 1916 – October 31, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1943 and 1950. He was one of the best goaltenders in his time, winning the Vezina Trophy for fewest goals allowed six times, being named First All-Star team as best goaltender six times, and helping the Canadiens win the Stanley Cup twice. Durnan retired in 1950, citing the stress of playing professional hockey. However, in his final season he suffered a severe laceration of the scalp, but was only sidelined 12 days and returned heroically for the playoffs. When the series was all but lost (down 0-3 to the Rangers), he stepped away from the game. He served as the captain of the Canadiens in 1948, the last goaltender to be allowed to do so. In 1964 Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, and in 2017 he was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.
SJ Euronight
SJ EuroNight (EN 344/345) is a night train service between Stockholm Central Station in Sweden and Berlin Hauptbahnhof in Germany.  The overnight train is part of the Euronight (EN) network, and operates with sleeping car, couchette car and seated carriages.  A buffet car from SJ AB (Swedish Railways) is attached between Malmö Central and Stockholm.

SJ Rc
The Rc class is a family of electric locomotives built in Sweden by Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA). The Rc is the most produced locomotive in Sweden with 366 units and is used on both passenger and freight services originally for SJ, they have since been mostly sold to other operators such as Green Cargo, Tågab, Hector Rail and Trafikverket.
Leucocytozoon
Leucocytozoon  (or Leukocytozoon) is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa (which also includes the malaria parasites).

The species of this genus use either blackflies (Simulium species) or a biting midge as their definitive host and birds as their intermediate host. There are over 100 species in this genus. Over 100 species of birds have been recorded as hosts to these parasites.

Apicomplexan life cycle
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a cellular variety with a distinct morphology and biochemistry.

Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism.
Clara Mattei
Clara E. Mattei (born 1988) is an Italian economist and academic, specializing in the history of capitalism and the interplay between economic theories and technocratic policymaking. Since February 2025, she has served as Professor of Economics and Director of the Forum for Real Economic Emancipation at the University of Tulsa, Oklahoma in the United States.

History of Economics Society
The History of Economics Society (HES) is a learned society in the field of the history of economics and economic methodology, which was formally established in May 1974. Since its creation, the HES has served an international community.

The HES publishes a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that began in 1979 as the History of Economics Bulletin and was renamed the Journal of the History of Economic Thought in 1990.

The HES also offers several grants for researchers working on the history of economics such as the"Early-Career Scholars Research Fund". and the "HES New Initiatives Fund". In addition, the HES offers online resources for historians and general information on the history of economics community, including graduate programs and course materials. In conjunction with other history of economics societies, the HES maintains SHOE, a free, moderated electronic mailing list with over 1,000 subscribers.
M.A.C.E. Music
M.A.C.E. Music, Inc. is an American record label founded by Michael Angelo Batio in April 1993. Currently based in Gurnee, Illinois, the label's main job is that of selling material and merchandise of Batio's, including his albums, videos and accessories such as the "MAB String Dampener". The label also releases material by other artists, including Batio's side-project C4, T. D. Clark, Tom Kopyto and The Flyin' Ryan Brothers. M.A.C.E. distributes material both directly and through other labels, to over 40 countries worldwide including the United States, the United Kingdom, all throughout Europe, Canada, Japan, Qatar, South Africa, Australia, Mexico and Brazil.

M.A.C.E. has its own recording studio in Gurnee called Monster Mix, which has been the location of the recording of some of the later Batio material, most notably Lucid Intervals and Moments of Clarity Part 2 and 2 X Again.

Gurnee, Illinois
Gurnee (/ɡərˈniː/ ghər-NEE) is a village in Lake County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, its population was 30,706. Located in the Chicago metropolitan area, it borders the city of Waukegan. It is roughly 40 miles (64 km) north of Chicago and 50 miles (80 km) south of Milwaukee. The village was founded in 1928 and is named after former Chicago mayor Walter S. Gurnee.

The village is a major regional tourist attraction, home to the Six Flags Great America and Hurricane Harbor Chicago amusement park and water park complex, the Gurnee Mills shopping mall, and the Great Wolf Lodge resort. As a result, the village attracts more than 23 million visitors annually, accessible via Interstate 94, which runs directly through the village.
Misters of Nigeria
Misters of Nigeria (formerly known as Mister Model Nigeria) is a Nigerian male pageant based in Lagos, Nigeria that is aimed at developing young men into global leaders. It was created in 2020 by 97th entertainment. The pageant currently holds the franchise to some international pageants which includes Mister Global, Mister International, Manhunt International and Mister Model International. The Top 3 finalists of Misters of Nigeria go on to represent Nigeria in any of the above-mentioned competitions.

The current title holder of Misters of Nigeria is Somto Alexander Nnoruga, a fashion model who represented Abia State in the competition.

In 2024 Misters of Nigeria emerged best male pageant brand of the year at the Eko Heritage awards.

Mister Global
Mister Global is an annual men's beauty contest that has been held in Thailand since it was founded in 2014. The competition's inaugural edition was held in the village of Pak Chong, located some 170 kilometers (105 miles) to the northeast of Bangkok, with 16 participants.

The reigning titleholder, Mister Global 2025 Alejandro Ortega from Spain, was crowned on October 5th in Bangkok, Thailand.
Cyclone (programming language)
The Cyclone programming language was intended to be a safe dialect of the C language. It avoids buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities that are possible in C programs by design, without losing the power and convenience of C as a tool for system programming. It is no longer supported by its original developers, with the reference tooling not supporting 64-bit platforms. The Rust language is mentioned by the original developers for having integrated many of the same ideas Cyclone had.

Cyclone development was started as a joint project of Trevor Jim from AT&T Labs Research and Greg Morrisett's group at Cornell University in 2001. Version 1.0 was released on May 8, 2006.

Template (C++)
Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allow functions and classes to operate with generic types. This allows a function or class declaration to reference via a generic variable another different class (built-in or newly declared data type) without creating a full declaration for each of these different classes.

In plain terms, a templated class or function would be the equivalent of (before "compiling") copying and pasting the templated block of code where it is used, and then replacing the template parameter with the actual one. For this reason, classes employing templated methods place the implementation in the headers (*.h files) as no symbol could be compiled without knowing the type beforehand.

The C++ Standard Library provides many useful functions within a framework of connected templates.

Major inspirations for C++ templates were the parameterized modules provided by the language CLU and the generics provided by Ada.
First presidency of John Mahama
John Mahama's first tenure as President of Ghana began when he succeeded John Atta Mills following the latter's death in office on 24 July 2012. Mahama previously served as Vice-President of Ghana from January 2009 to July 2012, and is the first head of state of Ghana to have been born after the country's independence. He was elected after the December 2012 election for a full term as president.

Upon assuming office, Mahama continued the Better Ghana Agenda policy vision initiated by his predecessor. He contested re-election for a second term in the 2016 election, but lost to the New Patriotic Party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo. This made him the first president in the history of Ghana to not have won a second term consecutively. He left office on 7 January 2017, and was re-elected as president in 2024.

Better Ghana Agenda
The term Better Ghana Agenda, is a policy vision, that was used by the former ruling party of Ghana, the National Democratic Congress of Ghana. The term "Better Ghana Agenda" was coined in the year 2007, prior to the 2008 elections, by John Atta Mills, the late President of Ghana because in his view the NPP government had failed to live up to its expectations. They expressed much concern about several shortcomings in the areas of the economy, employment, the environment, health, education, the utilities and many more. Since its inception, there have been huge gains made in all sectors of the Ghanaian economy, notably the attainment of single digit inflation, a fast economic growth rate, solid environmental sustainability portfolios, elimination of schools under trees and expansion of universal healthcare coverage.
North Down Area D
North Down Area D was one of the four district electoral areas in North Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected five members to North Down Borough Council, and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Craigavad, Cultra, Holywood Demesne, Holywood Priory and Loughview. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Holywood DEA.

North Down (Assembly constituency)
North Down is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973. It usually shares boundaries with the North Down UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes and from 1996 to 1997 when members of the Northern Ireland Forum had been elected from the newly drawn Parliamentary constituencies but the 51st Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected in 1992 under the 1983–95 constituency boundaries, was still in session.

Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention, the 1982 Assembly, the 1996 Forum and then to the current Assembly from 1998.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see North Down (UK Parliament constituency).
Miss Universe 2007
Miss Universe 2007 was the 56th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City, Mexico, on 28 May 2007.

At the end of the event, Zuleyka Rivera of Puerto Rico crowned Riyo Mori of Japan as Miss Universe 2007. It was Japan's first victory in forty-eight years, and the second victory of the country in the pageant's history.

Contestants from seventy-seven countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition was hosted by Mario Lopez and Vanessa Minnillo, Miss Teen USA 1998. Mexican Latin pop group RBD performed in this year's pageant.

Miss Universe 2002
Miss Universe 2002 was the 51st Miss Universe pageant, held at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 29 May 2002.

At the conclusion of the event, Denise Quiñones of Puerto Rico crowned Oxana Fedorova of Russia as Miss Universe 2002. This was the first time that Russia had been crowned Miss Universe.

Fedorova had her title terminated four months later as she could not travel to fulfill her duties, and was replaced by first runner-up Justine Pasek of Panama.

Contestants from seventy-five countries competed in this pageant. The competition was hosted by Phil Simms and Daisy Fuentes, and Miss Universe 1997 Brook Lee was the backstage correspondent. Marc Anthony performed at this pageant. This was also the last Miss Universe edition to be aired on CBS.
Joel Kramer
Joel Bruce Kramer (born November 30, 1955) is a retired American professional basketball player. Listed at 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) and 203 pounds (92 kg), he played the power forward and center positions. After playing college basketball at San Diego State University, he had a five-season career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1978–1983 with the Phoenix Suns.

1982–83 NBA season
The 1982–83 NBA season was the 37th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Philadelphia 76ers winning the NBA Championship, sweeping the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals.
Isla Craig
Isla Craig is a Canadian vocalist and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.

Growing up Craig was influenced by choral performances at her church and by her mother who sings and plays the organ and piano.

Craig frequently collaborates with and sings backup vocals for other performers, including Jennifer Castle and Meg Remy. Craig sang on The Cosmic Range's debut New Latitudes (2016). She is a former Bruce Peninsula vocalist. She was also a member of the duo OG Melody with Thom Gill.

Craig's first album, Both the one & the other (2012), featured Canadian vocalists Daniela Gesundheit, Tamara Lindeman, Ivy Mairi, and Felicity Williams. The group worked together again on her second release Becoming (2018). Her third album, Echo's Reach was released in 2022.

Tamara Hope
Tamara Lindeman (born November 2, 1984), also known by the name Tamara Hope, is a Canadian actress and musician. Her starring roles include Guinevere Jones and The Nickel Children, as well as a recurring role on CTV's Whistler as Leah McLure. In her music career, in which she is credited as Tamara Lindeman, she has worked with the band Bruce Peninsula and has her own music project, The Weather Station.
Pachuco Prats
Gaudencio Manuel Prats Guerendiaín, better known as Pachuco Prats (1 January 1902 – 22 September 1976), was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Real Murcia and Real Madrid between 1927 and 1932. He also played nine matches for the Spanish national team between 1927 and 1930.

He later worked as a manager, taking charge of several Catalan teams in the 1940s.

Campeonato Regional Centro
The Campeonato Regional Centro (Spanish for Central Regional Championship) was an annual association football competition for clubs based primarily in the Castile region of Spain, including the Community of Madrid, during the first half of the 20th century. The competition was organised by the  Madrid Football Federation and first held in 1903 as the Campeonato de Madrid (Madrid Championship) and renamed as the Campeonato Regional de Madrid (Madrid Regional Championship) for the 1906–1913 seasons. The Royal Spanish Football Federation, founded on 29 September 1913, began organising the competition from 1913. It was called the Campeonato Regional Centro between 1913 and 1931, the Campeonato Regional Mancomunado (Joint Championship) from 1932 to 1936, and the Campeonato Regional del Centro (Regional Championship of the Centre) during its final season in 1939–40.
William Arthur Ward
William Arthur Ward (December 17, 1921 – March 30, 1994) was an American motivational writer. He wrote over 4,000 epigrams, or positive sayings, which were published in Reader's Digest and on the front page of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. They were also collected into 13 books including Thoughts of a Christian Optimist, Up Words, Reward Yourself!, and Think It Over. His sayings have been published extensively in inspirational posters, greeting cards, diaries, and wall plaques, and have appeared in commercials.

Texas Wesleyan University
Texas Wesleyan University is a private Methodist university in Fort Worth, Texas. It was founded in 1890 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The main campus is located in the Polytechnic Heights neighborhood of Fort Worth. Its mascot is the ram.
Amityville Union Free School District
Amityville Union Free School District is a school district headquartered in Amityville, New York on the South Shore of Long Island.

In Suffolk County the district includes Amityville and parts of Copiague and North Amityville. It also covers a portion of East Massapequa in Nassau County. Part of the district is in the Town of Babylon in Suffolk County and part is in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County.

Babylon, New York
The Town of Babylon is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Its population was 218,223 as of the 2020 census. Parts of Jones Beach Island, Captree Island and Fire Island are in the southernmost part of the town. It borders Nassau County to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. At its westernmost point, it is about 20 miles (32 km) from New York City at the Queens border, and about 30 miles (48 km) from Manhattan. The village of Babylon is also within the town.