hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lower Celliau, Llangattock Lingoed
Lower Celliau, (aka Lower Kathlea/Lower Celli), Llangattock Lingoed, Monmouthshire is a farmhouse dating from the 16th century. It is a Grade II* listed building. The adjacent barn and shelter, and cowhouse and stable have their own Grade II listings.

FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan
Fitzroy Richard Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan FRAI (10 June 1885 – 14 September 1964) was a British soldier, author, and amateur anthropologist. His books include The Hero: A Study in Tradition, Myth and Drama and Monmouthshire Houses, with Cyril Fox.
5005 aluminium alloy
5005 aluminium alloy is an aluminium–magnesium alloy with good resistance to atmospheric corrosion. It is used in decorative and architectural applications.

It is a member of the 5000 series of aluminium-magnesium wrought alloys. As such, it is not used in casting. It can attain moderate to high strength by cold working, and has relatively high welded strength compared to other aluminium alloy families. Tempers H116 and H321 can be used in fresh and salt water.

Aluminium–magnesium alloys
Aluminium–magnesium alloys (AlMg) – standardised in the 5000 series – are aluminium alloys that are mainly made of aluminium and contain magnesium as the main alloy element. Most standardised alloys also contain small additives of manganese (AlMg(Mn)). Pure AlMg alloys and the AlMg(Mn) alloys belong to the medium-strength, natural (not hardened by heat treatment) alloys. Other AlMg alloys are aluminium–magnesium–copper alloys (AlMgCu) and aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys (AlMgSi, 6000 series).
2015 Sparkassen Open
The 2015 Sparkassen Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 22nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Braunschweig, Germany between 6 and 11 July 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Prosthaphaeresis
Prosthaphaeresis (from the Greek προσθαφαίρεσις) was an algorithm used in the late 16th century and early 17th century for approximate multiplication and division using formulas from trigonometry. For the 25 years preceding the invention of the logarithm in 1614, it was the only known generally applicable way of approximating products quickly. Its name comes from the Greek prosthen (πρόσθεν) meaning before and aphaeresis (ἀφαίρεσις), meaning taking away or subtraction.

In ancient times the term was used to mean a reduction to bring the apparent place of a moving point or planet to the mean place (see Equation of the center).
Nicholas Copernicus mentions "prosthaphaeresis" several times in his 1543 work De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, to mean the "great parallax" caused by the displacement of the observer due to the Earth's annual motion.

Jost Bürgi
Jost Bürgi (also Joost, Jobst; Latinized surname Burgius or Byrgius; 28 February 1552 – 31 January 1632), active primarily at the courts in Kassel and Prague, was a Swiss clockmaker, mathematician, and writer. Burgi was the brother-in-law and adoptive father of Benjamin Bramer.
Fomitiporia
Fomitiporia is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. According to a 2008 estimate, the widely distributed genus contains 11 species, though three new species were identified in 2010 in sub-Saharan Africa using multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis, and two more were named in a 2013 article. In 2011 it was announced that a specimen of the species F. ellipsoidea was discovered with a fruit body that is largest known of any fungus. However, the species has since been moved to Phellinus.

Phellinus
Phellinus is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in color. Clamp connections are absent, and the skeletal hyphae are yellowish-brown.

The name Phellinus means cork.

The species Phellinus ellipsoideus (previously Fomitiporia ellipsoidea) produced the largest ever fungal fruit body.

Phellinus species produce a number of natural chemicals which are of interest to science. These include the natural phenol hispidin, bio-active styrylpyrones called phelligridins, and bio-active isolates called phellinins.
John White (cricketer, born 1855)
John White (2 March 1855 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. White's batting style is unknown, though it is known he played as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Bulwell, Nottinghamshire.

White made his debut in first-class for the North of England in the North v South fixture of 1886 at Lords', during which White scored 62 runs batting at number ten in a tenth record stand of 157 runs with John Parnham (who made 90 not out), in what was the highest wicket partnership of the innings. The North won the match by 9 wickets. In that same season he made a first-class appearance for Liverpool and District against the touring Australians, and followed this up with a second first-class appearance for the team in 1890 against Yorkshire. He ended his brief first-class career with 73 runs at an average of 18.25, with four catches and two stumpings to his name.

North v South
The North of England and South of England cricket teams appeared in matches between the 1836 and 1961 seasons, most often playing against each other but also individually in games against touring teams, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and others. Until international cricket became firmly established towards the end of the 19th century, the North v South match was one of the major fixtures in the cricketing calendar along with Gentlemen v Players. Indeed, North v South was really the major fixture because it could potentially showcase the best 22 players in the country, whereas Gentlemen teams in the other match were often very weak.

In all, there were 155 North v South matches. The South won 62; the North won 55; 37 were drawn, and one match in 1889 was abandoned.
Dinny McCormack
Denis McCormack (born 1951) is an Irish retired hurler who played for Kilkenny Senior Championship club James Stephens. He also played for the Kilkenny senior hurling team and was a member of the All-Ireland Championship-winning team in 1982.

1981–82 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1981–82 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 12th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 27 September 1981 to 16 May 1982.

Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Fenians in the quarter-finals of the 1981 Kilkenny SHC. Borris–Ileigh of Tipperary, Faythe Harriers of Wexford and Tourlestrane of Sligo made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final was played at Semple Stadium in Thurles on 16 May 1982, between James Stephens of Kilkenny and Mount Sion of Waterford, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. James Stephens won the match by 3–13 to 3–08 to become the first team from Kilkenny to win the title twice.

Mount Sion's Jim Greene was the championship's top scorer with 3–30.
Calochroa
Calochroa is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Cicindelidae. Some authors treat them within the broader genus Cicindela. The genus as used in 2020 shows polyphyly with Calochroa species forming two clades with one clade being a sister to the genus Lophyra and another being a sister to the genus Hipparidium.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Pterostyrax psilophyllus
Pterostyrax psilophyllus is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae. It is endemic to central China.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

It is a deciduous small tree growing to 15 m (50 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 45 cm (18 in) diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple, 4–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 5–9 cm (2–4 in) broad, oblong-elliptic, densely hairy on the underside, and with a coarsely serrated margin and a 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) petiole. The flowers are white, 12–14 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, produced on panicles 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long.

Styracaceae
The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The family is characterised by spirally arranged simple leaves with no stipules; symmetrical white flowers with a corolla of two to five (sometimes seven) fused petals; and the fruit usually is a dry capsule, sometimes winged, less often a fleshy drupe, with one or two seeds.

Most are large shrubs to small trees 3–15 m tall, but Halesia monticola (H. carolina var. monticola) is larger, with trees 39 m tall known in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina.
1978 Nice International Open
The 1978 Nice International Open, also known by its sponsored name Montano-Snauwaert International Championships,  was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, and was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 17 April until 23 April 1978. First-seeded José Higueras won the title.

1978 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of four Grand Slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments and the Nations Cup, a team event. In addition eight World Championship Tennis (WCT) tournaments, a separate professional tennis circuit held from 1971 through 1977, were incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The 28 tournaments with prize money of $175,000 or more formed the Super Series category. Jimmy Connors won 10 of the 84 tournaments which secured him the first place in the Grand Prix points ranking. However he did not play enough tournaments (13) to qualify for largest share ($300,000) of the bonus pool, which instead went to third–ranked Eddie Dibbs.
John Harley (bishop, died 1788)
The Hon. and Rt Revd John Harley (29 September 1728 – 7 January 1788) was an 18th-century Anglican prelate.

The second son of Edward Harley, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, Harley was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating in 1747, graduating B.A. 1749, proceeding M.A. 1752, then B.D. 1755 and D.D. 1778.

Archdeacon of Shropshire from 1760 to 1769 and then Archdeacon of Hereford from 1769 to 1777, Harley was Dean of Windsor ex officio Registrar of the Order of the Garter and briefly Bishop of Hereford before his death aged 59 in 1788.

Dr Harley's son Edward (by his wife Roach Vaughan, daughter of Gwynne Vaughan of Trebarried, Radnorshire) succeeded his elder brother (Edward) in 1790 as the 5th Earl of Oxford and Mortimer.

Dean of Windsor
The Dean of Windsor is the spiritual head of the canons of St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, England. The dean chairs meetings of the Chapter of Canons as primus inter pares. The post of Dean of Wolverhampton was assimilated to the deanery of Windsor, around 1480, until 1846.
Newcastle Star
The Newcastle Star is a free weekly newspaper in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is owned by Newcastle Newspapers, the publisher of the Newcastle Herald. The paper is delivered to 114,000 homes each week.

Newcastle Herald
The Newcastle Herald (formerly branded as The Herald) is a local tabloid newspaper published daily, Monday to Saturday, in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is the only local newspaper that serves the greater Hunter Region and Central Coast region six days a week. It is owned by Australian Community Media.
Operation Tanne Ost
Operation Tanne Ost ("Fir East") was a German operation during World War II to capture the island Suursaari (Swedish: Hogland; Russian: Гогланд, romanized: Gogland) in the Gulf of Finland before it could fall into Soviet hands. Suursaari was especially important because it worked as a lock in the Finnish Gulf guarding the minefields keeping the Soviet Baltic Fleet in Kronstadt.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
Zendstation Smilde
Zendstation Smilde, also known as the CJ2 Data tower (Dutch: CJ2 Datatoren) is a 303 m (994 ft) partially guyed tower in Hoogersmilde, Netherlands.  Built in 1959 for directional radio services and TV and FM-transmissions, it consists of an 80 m (260 ft) high reinforced concrete tower topped since 2012 by a 223 m (732 ft) television mast. It originally had a tubular 190 m (620 ft) analog TV - UHF antenna for a mast, removed in September 2007 and replaced by a similar 214 m (702 ft) UHF antenna for DVB-T, raising the tower's height to 294 m (965 ft). Destroyed by a fire on 15 July 2011, that mast was removed, and replaced in 2012 with the current steel lattice one.

The tower is similar in configuration to the Gerbrandy Tower (IJsselstein).

KPN
Koninklijke KPN N.V. (Royal KPN N.V. in English), trading as KPN is a Dutch telecommunications company. KPN originated from a government-run postal, telegraph and telephone service and is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Gmina Lubartów
Gmina Lubartów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Lubartów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 158.94 square kilometres (61.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,212 (11,272 in 2015).

Lubartów County
Lubartów County (Polish: powiat lubartowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubartów, which lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin. The county also contains the towns of Kock, lying 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Lubartów, and Ostrów Lubelski, 18 km (11 mi) east of Lubartów.

The county covers an area of 1,290.35 square kilometres (498.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 88,591, out of which the population of Lubartów is 21,948, that of Kock is 3,293, that of Ostrów Lubelski is 2,078, and the rural population is 61,272.
2025 Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior
The 2025 Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior was the fourth edition of the Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior road cycling race. It was held on 17 February 2025 in the titular province of Spain as a category 1.1 event on the 2025 UCI Europe Tour calendar.

Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior
The Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior is an elite men's professional road bicycle racing event held in the Province of Jaén, Spain.

Its first edition was held in 2022, being part of the UCI Europe Tour, with a 1.1 classification. The race in this edition started from the city of Baeza and had the finish line in the city center of Úbeda. The organisers designed a race with several gravel sectors through olive groves, and a steep finish between the Renaissance palaces of Úbeda, having a direct inspiration in the gravel and Siena finish of the Italian race Strade Bianche.

In the next years, the route introduced small changes, moving the start to Úbeda, and having a final circuit of 2 laps around 5 gravel sectors, with the finish line in the city center of Úbeda.
Lake Šas
Lake Šas (Serbian: Шаско jезеро, romanized: Šasko jezero; Albanian: Liqeni i Shasit) is a lake located north-east of Ulcinj, near the village of Šas, in Montenegro. It is bordered geographically by Briska Gora (Mali i Brisë) to the southwest, Fraskanjelsko Polje (Këneta e Fraskanjellit) to the east, Ambulsko Brdo (Mali i Amullit) and Šasko Brdo (Mali i Shasit) to the northeast and the Brisko Polje (Fusha e Brisë) to the northwest. Geopolitically, Briska Gora lies to the southwest of Lake Šas, Fraskanjel lies to the east and Ambula and Šas to the northeast. The area of this lake is 5.5 km2, it is 3.2 km long and 1.5 km wide. The max depth is 7.8 m. The shore of the lake is about 8.6 km.

It is also known as Little Lake Skadar  because it has the same flora and fauna as Lake Skadar, which is much larger in size than Lake Šas. In warmer months, the lake is populated with large numbers of different bird species.

Lake Skadar
Lake Skadar or Lake Scutari (Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, pronounced [liˈcɛni i ˈʃkɔdrəs]; Montenegrin: Скадарско језеро, Skadarsko jezero, pronounced [skâdarskɔː jɛ̂zɛrɔ]) – also called Lake Shkodra and Lake Shkodër – lies on the border of Albania and Montenegro, and is the largest lake in Southern Europe. It is named after the Albanian city of Shkodër which lies at its southeastern coast. It is a karst lake.

The Montenegrin section of the lake and surrounding land have been designated as a national park, while the Albanian part constitutes a nature reserve and a Ramsar site.
Alexander M. Beatty
Alexander Mitchell Beattie (often misspelled Beatty) (July 29, 1828 – March 7, 1907) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for valor at the Battle of Cold Harbor during the American Civil War.

3rd Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 3rd Vermont Infantry Regiment was a three-years infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the eastern theater, predominantly in the VI Corps, Army of the Potomac, from July 1861 to July 1865. It was a member of the Vermont Brigade.
Luzhki, Sharkawshchyna district
Luzhki (Belarusian: Лужкі, romanized: Lužki; Russian: Лужки; Polish: Łużki) is an agrotown in Sharkawshchyna District, Vitebsk Region, in northern Belarus. It is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Padsvillye, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Sharkawshchyna, and 198 kilometres (123 mi) from Vitebsk. In 1999, it had a population of 905.

Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in north-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Mariyam Khalif
Mariyam Khalif (Urdu:  مریم خلیف), also known as Maryam, is a Pakistani former child actress who started her acting career on the television drama Parchayian aired on ARY Digital. Mariyam Khalif was born on 11 April 2007. She also worked in some TV commercials. She played the role of Pareezah in Bashar Momin, and of Shiza in ARY Digital drama serial Koi Nahi Apna. Her most popular role is of young Farah in Diyar-e-Dil later played by Maya Ali.

ARY Digital
ARY Digital HD (Urdu: ARY ڈیجیٹل) is a Pakistani television network available in Pakistan. ARY Digital was founded by a Dubai-based holding company of Pakistani businessman, Abdul Razzak Yaqoob and Salman Iqbal (ARY). The network is focused towards on Pakistani entertainment dramas, sitcoms, talk shows, web series and culture.

The channel broadcasts on cable and satellite networks, linear television as well as streaming platforms including YouTube Channel and ARY ZAP.
Três Estrelas
The Três Estrelas book imprint, owned by Grupo Folha, was created in 2012 and covers the non-fiction field, with books on journalism, communication, history, politics, sociology, economics, philosophy, psychoanalysis, scientific information, and biography.

The first titles launched were “A Perfeição Não Existe", by Tostão; "História da Imprensa Paulista", by Oscar Pilagallo; and "Diário da Corte", by Paulo Francis.

The imprint's name was inspired by the three stars accompanying the logo of Folha de S.Paulo, the flagship newspaper published by the company that owns the imprint.

Grupo Folha
Grupo Folha is the second largest Brazilian media conglomerate, after Grupo Globo. It was founded by Octávio Frias (1912–2007) and led by his son Luiz Frias since 1992.

The group publishes Folha de S.Paulo, the largest circulation paper in the country, which since 1986 keeps the leadership among quality general-interest newspapers in Brazil. In the last decade, the group nearly tripled its revenue, getting to R$2.7 billion in 2010. EBITDA reached R$600 million in 2011.
Francis Godschall Johnson
Sir Francis Godschall Johnson (January 1, 1817 – May 27, 1894) was a Canadian office holder.  He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba on April 9, 1872, but had his commission revoked before he was sworn in. In 1889, he was appointed the 4th chief justice of the Superior Court of Quebec.

Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
The lieutenant governor of Manitoba (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/, French: lieutenant-gouverneur (if male) or lieutenante-gouverneure (if female) du Manitoba) is the representative in Manitoba of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Manitoba is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The present, and 26th, lieutenant governor of Manitoba is Anita Neville, who has served in the role since 24 October 2022.
1844 Chicago mayoral elections
The 1844 Chicago mayoral elections is the first of only two instances in which a Chicago mayoral election was declared invalid (the other being the disputed April 1876 mayoral election).

As a result of the Common Council declaring the result of the city's March 1844 mayoral election null and void, a second election was held in April.

While the result of the March election had been a victory for incumbent mayor Augustus Garrett, Garrett was defeated in the April election by Alson Sherman, who had not been a candidate in March.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.