hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fratelli tutti
Fratelli tutti (All Brothers) is the third encyclical of Pope Francis, subtitled "on fraternity and social friendship"; it was released in 2020. In the document, Francis states that the way the COVID-19 pandemic was managed by world countries has shown a failure in global cooperation. The encyclical calls for more human fraternity and solidarity, and is a plea to reject wars.

The document was signed on 3 October 2020, on the occasion of Pope Francis's visit to the tomb of his namesake, Francis of Assisi, and was published the following day on the saint's feast day.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 2001 after the merger of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) and United States Catholic Conference (USCC), the USCCB is a registered corporation based in Washington, D.C.

As with all bishops' conferences, certain decisions and acts of the USCCB must receive the recognitio, or approval, of the Roman dicasteries, which are subject to the immediate and absolute authority of the Pope.

As of November 2025, the USCCB president is Archbishop Paul S. Coakley of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. The vice president is Bishop Daniel E. Flores of the Diocese of Brownsville.
Ghosh
Ghosh (Bengali: ঘোষ) is a native Bengali surname that is found among the Bengali Hindu community of India and Bangladesh. A popular alternative spelling is Ghose.

Ghoshes originally belong to Kayastha caste in Bengal. According to GK Ghosh, some Bengali surnames like Ghosh were adopted from Buddhist tradition. Ghoshes are considered as Kulin Kayasthas of Soukalin gotra, along with Boses, Mitras, and Bangaja (Eastern Bengal) Guhas.

Ghosh surname is in vogue among the Sadgop and Goala/Gowala communities in Bengal.

Bose (surname)
Bose (Bengali: বসু; Bengali pronunciation: [bɔʃu]) is a surname. In Bengal, the surname is an anglicized form of the Bengali Kayastha surname Basu.  Another European surname Bose, sometimes as von Bose or Bosé, stems from Germanic Boso, which means leader, nobleman, or arrogant person.
KYES (AM)
KYES (1180 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Rockville, Minnesota. The station is owned by Gabriel Media. The station's transmitter is located near Kimball, Minnesota, off MN 15. It can be heard throughout most of central Minnesota throughout the day with fringe coverage in the Twin Cities.

Station founder Andy Hilger began his radio career in 1958 as a disc jockey for WJON. Hilger later became owner and manager of WJON and three other stations in Central Minnesota. Hilger died in 2013.

Due to budgetary constraints, KYES shares radio studio space with KKJM ("Spirit 92.9") in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota—a radio station Hilger had donated to the Diocese of St. Cloud in 2000.

WJON
WJON (1240 AM) is a radio station in St. Cloud, Minnesota airing a news/talk format. The station is owned by Townsquare Media. Its main competitors are Leighton Broadcasting's KNSI of St. Cloud and WCCO and KTLK of Minneapolis.
The station is also heard on FM translator W237EU 95.3 in St. Cloud.

The station's studios, along with Townsquare's other St. Cloud stations, are located at 640 Lincoln Avenue SE, on St. Cloud's east side.
Our Lady's High School, Broxburn
Our Lady's High School, Broxburn was a Roman Catholic High School located in the western part of Broxburn, West Lothian in Scotland. The student occupied its premises beginning in 1969. It was a state-funded high school that educated Roman Catholic students mainly from the areas of Broxburn, Uphall, Uphall Station and Winchburgh. In 1983, the school had 400 students; prior to its closure there were about 100 students. The school's motto was 'Respice Stellam', Latin for look to the stars.

Broxburn
Broxburn (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Bhroc, pronounced [ˈs̪ɾa ˈvɾɔʰk]) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland. It is 12 miles (19 km) from the West End of Edinburgh, 5 miles (8.0 km) from Edinburgh Airport and 5 miles (8.0 km) to the north of Livingston. Originally a village known as Easter Strathbock in the medieval period, by 1600, the village had become known as Broxburn. The area developed rapidly during the Victorian era as a result of industrialisation related to shale oil extraction. While much of the industry in the area is now diminished, the town has continued to grow following new residential development, resulting in Broxburn forming a conurbation with neighbouring Uphall. It lies just to the south of Winchburgh.
Bluetooth stack
A Bluetooth stack is software that is an implementation of the Bluetooth protocol stack.

Bluetooth stacks can be roughly divided into two distinct categories:

General-purpose implementations that are written with emphasis on feature-richness and flexibility, usually for desktop computers. Support for additional Bluetooth profiles can typically be added through drivers.

Embedded system implementations intended for use in devices where resources are limited and demands are lower, such as Bluetooth peripheral devices.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Amudha Oru Aacharyakuri
Amudha Oru Aacharyakuri (Tamil: அமுதா ஒரு ஆச்சர்யகுறி) is a 2012 Indian Tamil-language soap opera starring Renuka, Kavithalaya Krishnan, Kavya, Sonia and Afser. It broadcast on Kalaignar TV on Monday to Friday from 4 June 2012 to June 2014 at 19:00 (IST) for 266 episodes. From 2014 to 20 July 2015 the show was re-launched in Kalaignar TV at 12:30PM (IST).

The show is Kavithalayaa Productions has been directed by K. Balachander and Ashwin and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy. It is one of K. Balachander's last projects before his death on 23 December 2014.

Indian Standard Time
Indian Standard Time (IST), sometimes also called India Standard Time, is the time zone observed throughout the Republic of India, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe daylight saving time or other seasonal adjustments. In military and aviation time, IST is designated E* ("Echo-Star"). It is indicated as Asia/Kolkata in the IANA time zone database.
Üsküdar Anadolu S.K.
Üsküdar Anadolu Spor Kulübü is a Turkish football club based in Üsküdar district of Istanbul. It was founded by Mehmed Bürhaneddin (Burhan Felek) and Dr. Hüdai in 1908. Their team colours are green and white. They are currently playing in Turkish Super Amateur League, Istanbul Group 3. They were groundsharing with Beylerbeyi SK at the Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadium. They are currently playing at Spor Akademisi Stadium at Anadolu Hisarı. The club wants to use the Burhan Felek Stadium but the ground doesn't meet the professional football regulations.

Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadium
Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadium (Turkish: Beylerbeyi 75. Yıl Stadyumu), also known as BoBeylerbeyi Stadium,  is a football stadium in the Beylerbeyi neighborhood of Üsküdar district in Istanbul, Turkey.

The venue was established in 1900. It is owned by the Istanbul Province Foundation Direktoriate, and run by the Beylerbeyi S.K. It underwent a restoration, and was reopened in March 2021. It has a capacity of 5,500 in one covered and two open bleachers. The artificial turf field with dimensions 105 m × 68 m (115 yd × 74 yd) is floodlight illumination.

The stadium is the home ground of the Beylerbeyi S.K., and Fenerbahçe S.K. women's.
Torii Ryūzō
Ryuzo Torii (鳥居 龍藏; May 4, 1870 – January 14, 1953) was a Japanese anthropologist, ethnologist,  archaeologist, and folklorist. Torii traveled across East Asia and South America for his research. He is known for his anthropological research in China, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Europe, and other countries.

Described by Terry Bennett as "a pioneer in the use of the camera in anthropological fieldwork," Torii is believed to have inspired researchers, including Ushinosuke Mori, to make use of photography in their research. Torii first made use of a camera while conducting fieldwork in North-East China in 1895.

Later, in the 1900s, Torii was assisted in his research by Mori, who acted as his interpreter.

Tokushima Prefecture
Tokushima Prefecture (徳島県, Tokushima-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi.ma, tokɯ̥.ɕiꜜ.ma, to.kɯ̥.ɕi.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 682,439 (1 February 2025) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, Ehime Prefecture to the west, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southwest.

Tokushima is the capital and largest city of Tokushima Prefecture, with other major cities including Anan, Naruto, and Yoshinogawa. Tokushima Prefecture is located on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Wakayama Prefecture on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshu. Tokushima Prefecture is connected to Awaji Island across the Naruto Strait by the Ōnaruto Bridge as part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, connecting the prefecture to the city of Kobe and the San'yō Expressway on Honshu.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1931
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1931, adopted unanimously on June 29, 2010, after recalling resolutions 827 (1993), 1581 (2005), 1597 (2005), 1613 (2005), 1629 (2005), 1660 (2006), 1668 (2006), 1800 (2008), 1837 (2008), 1849 (2008), 1877 (2009),  1900 (2009) and 1915 (2010), the Council noted that the 2010 target for the completion of trials at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) could not be met, and therefore extended the terms of 23 judges at the ICTY.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1668
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1668, adopted unanimously on April 10, 2006, after recalling Resolution 1581 (2005), the Council extended the term of Judge Joaquín Canivell at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) beyond his term of office to allow him to complete a case.

The Secretary-General Kofi Annan had requested the Council to extend Canivell's term so he could complete the Krajišnik case, notwithstanding the fact that his service at the ICTY had exceeded three years.
Phalanger (compiler)
Phalanger is a compiler front end for compiling PHP source code into CIL byte-code, which can be further processed by the .NET Framework's just-in-time compiler. The project was started at Charles University and is supported by Microsoft. Phalanger was discontinued in favor of the more modern PeachPie compiler, which utilizes the Roslyn API.

Roslyn (compiler)
.NET Compiler Platform, also known by its codename Roslyn, is a set of open-source compilers and code analysis APIs for C# and Visual Basic (VB.NET) languages from Microsoft.

The project notably includes self-hosting versions of the C# and VB.NET compilers – compilers written in the languages themselves. The compilers are available via the traditional command-line programs but also as APIs available natively from within .NET code. Roslyn exposes modules for syntactic (lexical) analysis of code, semantic analysis, dynamic compilation to CIL, and code emission.
2024–25 S.E. Melbourne Phoenix season
The 2024–25 S.E. Melbourne Phoenix season was the 6th season of the franchise in the National Basketball League (NBL), and their first under the leadership of their new head coach Josh King.

On 13 October 2024, Mike Kelly was released as Phoenix' head coach after the team started the season with a 0–5 record and was replaced by Sam Mackinnon on an interim basis. On 22 October 2024, Josh King was appointed as Phoenix' head coach for two seasons.

Josh King (basketball)
Josh King (born August 24, 1985) is an American professional basketball coach who is the head coach of the South East Melbourne Phoenix of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). After playing college basketball for East Carolina and Eckerd, King immediately moved into coaching and served as an assistant coach in the college system between 2008 and 2018. In 2018, he moved overseas for the first time, spending three seasons as an assistant with Riesen Ludwigsburg in Germany. His first head coach position came in 2021 with Czech club USK Praha before returning to Riesen Ludwigsburg as head coach in 2022. After two seasons with Ludwigsburg, he had a brief stint with Darüşşafaka in Turkey before joining the South East Melbourne Phoenix in Australia in October 2024.
Erica sacciflora
Erica sacciflora is a plant belonging to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Franschhoek Mountains. The plant has an area of occurrence of 87 km2, much of which has been lost to forestry activities: the planting of plantations. The remaining habitat has been encroached upon by pine trees and other invasive plants. At one stage, no subpopulation could be found. Fortunately, after a process of clearing the invasive plants, a subpopulation was rediscovered. It is suspected that more subpopulations will be rediscovered after further clearing work and even veldfires. Ongoing clearing work is necessary to preserve the subpopulations.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Węgliniec–Czerwona Woda railway
The Węgliniec–Czerwona Woda railway was a single-track unelectrified light railway line which connected Węgliniec railway station (Węgliniec Dworzec Mały prior to 1945) in Węgliniec and Czerwona Woda railway station in Czerwona Woda in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of south-western Poland.

After previous proposals (earliest in 1904), the line opened on 22 October 1913. Passenger services were abolished on 27 May 1967, with freight trains using the line until it was dismantled on 17 May 1974.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Ghilianella phasma
Ghilianella phasma is a species of assassin bug in the subfamily Emesinae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Myanmar. There is some debate about whether this species may belong in the genus Schidium. William Lucas Distant placed the species in Ghilianella but Ernst Evald Bergroth and Pedro Wygodzinsky moved it to Schidium. In his 1990 work of the Reduviidae of the world, Moldonado doubted the Schidium placement.

Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit Chagas disease. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable: they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved proboscis (sometimes called a rostrum). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly mediated by receptors on the surface of the cell. Only the receptor-specific substances can enter the cell through this process.

Invagination
Invagination is the process of a surface folding in on itself to form a cavity, pouch or tube. In developmental biology, invagination of epithelial sheets occurs in many contexts during embryonic development. Invagination is critical for making the primitive gut during gastrulation in many organisms, forming the neural tube in vertebrates, and in the morphogenesis of countless organs and sensory structures. Models of invagination that have been most thoroughly studied include the ventral furrow in Drosophila melanogaster, neural tube formation, and gastrulation in many marine organisms. The cellular mechanisms of invagination vary from one context to another but at their core they involve changing the mechanics of one side of a sheet of cells such that this pressure induces a bend in the tissue.

The term, originally used in embryology, has been adopted in other disciplines as well.
Cloncrow Bog (New Forest)
Cloncrow Bog (New Forest) is a peat bog in County Westmeath, Ireland. The bog is near the village of Tyrrellspass on the R446 regional road.

As a raised bog of ecological interest, it was declared a Natural Heritage Area in 2005.

Natural Heritage Area
Natural Heritage Area (Irish: Limistéar Oidhreachta Nádúrtha) is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in Ireland. The Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000 makes legal provision for the designation and protection of a national network of Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs).

The designation is currently used by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) to protect wildlife habitats, such as raised bogs. 75 raised bogs were designated for protection in 2004 under the Wildlife Act.
World's Largest Rubber Duck
The World's Largest Rubber Duck, sometimes called Mama Duck, is a 60-foot-tall, 15.5-ton inflatable rubber duck.

The rubber duck, better known as the #Kindness Duck, is part of a larger Kindness Duck Project. Founded by Mark Burrows, the projects aims to simply spread kindness. When the Kindness Duck visits a city, numerous things come along with it, including Food Truck Row, Vendor Alley, Charity Lane, Drink Stations, Tarrant Health Vaccine Clinic, an open playground area, commercial vendors, a Kids zone, and a Nanda Yoga/training area.

Rubber duck
A rubber duck, or rubber duckie, is a toy shaped like a duck that is usually yellow with a flat base. It may be made of rubber or rubber-like material such as vinyl plastic. Rubber ducks were invented in the late 19th century when it became possible to more easily shape rubber, and are believed to improve developmental skills in children during water play.

The yellow rubber duck has achieved an iconic status in Western pop culture and is often symbolically linked to bathing. Various novelty variations of the toy are produced, and many organisations use yellow rubber ducks in rubber duck races for fundraising worldwide.
Emilio Bonifácio
Emilio José Bonifácio Del Rosario (born April 23, 1985) is a Dominican professional baseball utility player for the Guerreros de Oaxaca of the Mexican League, who also captains the Tigres del Licey of the Dominican Professional Baseball League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Florida/Miami Marlins, Toronto Blue Jays, Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Washington Nationals. Primarily a second baseman and center fielder throughout his career, Bonifácio has also played right field and third base.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.
1990 Kraft General Foods of Moscow
The Kraft General Foods of Moscow (Russian: Московский турнир «Крафт Дженерал Фудс»; after the title sponsor of that year's WTA tour) was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Soviet Union, that was part of Tier V of the 1990 Kraft General Foods World Tour (1990 WTA Tour).

It was held from October 1 through 7, 1990, and was the second edition of the WTA tournament inaugurated under the title of Virginia Slims of Moscow in 1989 and later known as the St. Petersburg Open and the Moscow Ladies Open.

1990 WTA Tour
The 1990 WTA Tour (officially titled 1990 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1990 tennis season. The 1990 WTA Tour calendar comprised the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
James Jonas Dodd
James Jonas Dodd (1863 – September 1925) was a British solicitor and political activist.

Born in Woolwich, Dodd was educated at Colfe's School in Lewisham.  He qualified as a solicitor, specialising in representing working-class members of Hoxton Hall, Kingsgate Baptist Church, and Bell Street Domestic Mission.  He also spent time living in Spennymoor and West Hartlepool, and wrote a History of Spennymoor.

Dodd worked as a solicitor for many years, and became known as an advocate of legal reform, giving evidence to the Divorce Commission.  He joined the Fabian Society in 1910, and through it became active in the Labour Party.  He stood unsuccessfully in Hereford at the 1922 United Kingdom general election, and in St Marylebone at the 1923 United Kingdom general election.

Dodd also wrote several books under the pseudonym "Arnold Crossley", including Marriage and Baby Culture and the Compleat Baby Book.

Colfe's School
Colfe's School, previously Colfe's Grammar School, is a co-educational private day school in Horn Park in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, in southeast London, England, and one of the oldest schools in London. The school is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The official Visitor to the school is Prince Michael of Kent.
2016 Volta a Portugal
The 2016 Volta a Portugal is a men's road bicycle race held from 27 July to 7 August 2016. It is the 78th edition of the men's stage race to be held, which was established in 1927. As part of the 2016 UCI Europe Tour, it is rated as a 2.1 event.

Volta a Portugal
The Volta a Portugal (English: Tour of Portugal), also known as Volta a Portugal em Bicicleta (English: Tour of Portugal on Bicycle), is an annual multi-stage road bicycle racing competition held in Portugal. The competition takes place during a two-week span.