hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1982 South African Open (tennis)
The 1982 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 79th edition of the tournament and was held from 23 November through 28 November 1982. Vitas Gerulaitis won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

1982 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1982 Volvo Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC). On 30 April 1981 World Championship Tennis (WCT) announced its withdrawal from the Grand Prix circuit, which it had been incorporated into since 1978, and the re-establishment of its own tour calendar for the 1982 season. To counter the threat of player leaving the Grand Prix tour for the WCT the MIPTC introduced a mandatory commitment to play at least 10 Grand Prix Super Series tournaments.
Beñat San José
Beñat San José Gil (born 24 September 1979), is a Spanish football manager and former footballer who played as a left winger, who is currently in charge of Eibar.

He is the youngest manager in Gulf and Saudi history to have won a title, the 2013 Saudi Kings Cup at the age of 33 with Al-Ittihad.

King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)
The King's Cup, officially titled The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Cup, is the Saudi Arabian football knockout cup competition.

The King's Cup is the second-oldest knockout competition in Saudi Arabian football, following the now-defunct Crown Prince Cup.
Korinna Fink
Korinna Fink (born 6 April 1981 in Teterow) is a German sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

She finished sixth in 4 x 400 m relay at the 2005 World Championships, together with teammates Claudia Marx, Claudia Hoffman and Ulrike Urbansky and fifth at the 2006 European Championships with Hoffmann, Anja Pollmächer and Marx.

Her personal best time is 52.31 seconds, achieved in June 2006 in Regensburg.

She has competed for the sports clubs SC Magdeburg (-2004) and LG Eintracht Frankfurt (2005-present).

Ulrike Urbansky
Ulrike Leyckes (née Urbansky; 6 April 1977 in Jena) is a German former athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles. She competed in the Olympic Games in Sydney in 2000 and Athens in 2004, each time reaching the semi-final. Her personal best time is 54.57 seconds, achieved in July 2000 in Barcelona. She retired from competitive sport in 2009.

She married decathlete Dennis Leyckes in September 2008.
Wibault 170 Tornade
The Wibault 13C.1 Trombe (Whirlwind), later known as the Wib 130C.1 Trombe was a single seat, parasol wing lightweight fighter aircraft designed and built in France in the 1920s. It was developed into the more powerful Wib 170C.1 Tornade (Tornado) but government interest in lightweight fighters soon waned.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Adobe Technical Communication Suite
Adobe Technical Communication Suite is a collection of applications made by Adobe for technical communicators, help authors, instructional designers, and eLearning and training design professionals. It includes Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe RoboHelp, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Captivate, and Adobe Presenter.

The suite allows users to author, manage, and publish interactive instructional information from technical documents and books to online help systems, knowledge bases, interactive training, and eLearning contents.

Adobe Presenter
Adobe Presenter is eLearning software released by Adobe Systems available on the Microsoft Windows platform as a Microsoft PowerPoint plug-in, and on both Windows and OS X as the screencasting and video editing tool Adobe Presenter Video Express. It is mainly targeted towards learning professionals and trainers. In addition to recording one's computer desktop and speech, it also provides the option to add quizzes and track performance by integrating with learning management systems. Adobe Presenter was designed to replace the discontinued Adobe Ovation software, which had similar functions.
Secundus the Silent
Secundus the Silent (Ancient Greek: Σεκοῦνδος) (fl. 2nd century AD) was a philosopher who lived in Athens in the early 2nd century, who had taken a vow of silence. An anonymous text entitled Life of Secundus (Latin: Vita Secundi Philosophi) purports to give details of his life as well as answers to philosophical questions posed to him by the emperor Hadrian. The work enjoyed great popularity in the Middle Ages.

Vow of silence
A vow of silence is a vow taken to avoid the use of speech. Although the concept is commonly associated with monasticism, no religious order takes such a vow, and even the most austere monastic orders such as the Carthusians have times in their schedule for talking.

In monasteries of the Western Christian tradition, the so-called "Great Silence" is the time during the night hours – usually after Compline until after the first canonical hours in the next morning – wherein speaking is more strictly prohibited.

Recently, the vow of silence has been embraced by some in secular society as means of protest or of deepening their spirituality. Silence is often seen as essential to deepening a relationship with God. It is also considered a virtue in some religions.
Japanese submarine Ro-32
Ro-32, originally named Submarine No. 71, was an Imperial Japanese Navy Kaichu-Type submarine of the Kaichu V (Toku Chu) subclass. She was in commission from 1924 to 1938, seeing service in the waters of Formosa and Japan, then served as a stationary training hulk during World War II.

Kaichū type submarine
The Kaichū type submarine (海中型潜水艦, Kaichū-gata sensuikan) submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The name was derived from the Kaigun-shiki Chū-gata Sensuikan (海軍式中型潜水艦, Navy Medium Type submarine).

Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (Ro-33 Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, Ro-35 Class) were built. They were equipped with a 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes.

Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only Ro-50 survived the war.
James R. Dixon
James Ray Dixon (August 1, 1928, in Houston, Texas – January 10, 2015, in Bryan, Texas) was professor emeritus and curator emeritus of amphibians and reptiles at the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection at Texas A&M University. He lived in El Campo, Texas, throughout most of his childhood. He published prolifically on the subject of herpetology in his distinguished career, authoring and co-authoring several books, book chapters, and numerous peer reviewed notes and articles, describing two new genera, and many new species, earning him a reputation as one of the most prominent herpetologists of his generation. His main research focus was morphology based systematics of amphibians and reptiles worldwide with emphasis on Texas, US, Mexico, Central America, and South America, although bibliographies, conservation, ecology, life history and zoogeography have all been the subjects of his extensive publications.

Eleutherodactylus rufescens
Eleutherodactylus rufescens, commonly known as the red peeping frog or Nevado de Colima chirping frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae.
It is endemic to Mexico and known from the region of the eponymous Nevado de Colima mountain in Colima, Jalisco, and further east and south in the Jalisco and Michoacán states.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
Willemsoord, Steenwijkerland
Willemsoord is a village in the Dutch provinces of Overijssel and Friesland. For the most part it lays within the municipality Steenwijkerland, and small part lays within the municipality of Weststellingwerf. It was founded in 1820 as an orphanage and colony of the Society of Humanitarianism.

A settlement developed around the colony. In 1840, it was home to 925 people. In 1851, a church was built. In 1923, the Society was disbanded and its possessions were sold. In 1942, the national repository of art was built near Willemsoord. It housed over 3,000 art pieces in a bomb resistant bunker-like building.

Steenwijkerland
Steenwijkerland (Dutch: [steːɱˌʋɛikərˈlɑnt] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Stienwiekerlaand or Steenwiekerlaand) is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, in the eastern Netherlands. Prior to a name change in 2003, it was known as Steenwijk.

The municipality forms the entire northwesterly corner of the province. This area is called "the Head of Overijssel" (in Dutch: de Kop van Overijssel). It borders the province Friesland. 
The seat of the municipality, Steenwijk, with a population of about 17,100, is situated on the A32 motorway (Zwolle – Meppel – Leeuwarden) and has a railway station on the line connecting those same cities.
Mint of Navarre and Béarn
The Mint of Navarre and Béarn (French: Monnaie de Navarre et Béarn) was formed through the merger of the Mint of Navarre (French: Monnaie de Navarre) in Saint-Palais, whose construction was originally authorized by Charles the Bad in 1351, and placed under the authority of the Chambre des Comptes of Navarre on 4 January 1527, with the two Mints of Béarn (French: Monnaies de Béarn) in Pau and Morlaàs, in Béarn, in 1562.

Mark (unit)
The mark (from Middle High German: marc, march, brand) is originally a medieval weight or mass unit, which supplanted the pound weight as a precious metals and coinage weight in parts of Europe in the 11th century. The Mark is traditionally divided into 8 ounces or 16 lots. The Cologne mark corresponded to about 234 g (7.5 ozt).

Like the German systems, the French poids de marc weight system considered one marc equal to 8 troy ounces.

Just as the pound of 12 troy ounces (373 g) lent its name to the pound unit of currency, the mark lent its name to the mark unit of currency.
WAKZ
WAKZ (95.9 FM, "Real 95.9") is a radio station licensed to Sharpsville, Pennsylvania, and serving Youngstown, Ohio. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The station airs a mainstream urban radio format. Prior to July 2, 2020, WAKZ broadcast a contemporary hit radio format as "95.9 Kiss FM".

KISS-FM (brand)
KISS-FM is the brand name of a Top 40 music format heard on FM radio stations in many cities in the United States and overseas. iHeartMedia claims ownership of the KISS-FM brand in the United States and operates most KISS-FM formatted stations there, though not KISS-FM in San Antonio, Texas, or KISS-FM America on TuneIn.
FC Zbrojovka Brno (women)
FC Zbrojovka Brno was a Czech women's football team from Brno, representing FC Zbrojovka Brno in the Czech Second Division. It was founded in 2006. Since its establishment, the club's best finish in the First Division is fourth, which it achieved in 2007–08 and 2009–10.

FC Zbrojovka Brno
FC Zbrojovka Brno is a professional football club based in the city of Brno, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic and named after Zbrojovka Brno, a firearms manufacturer. Founded in 1913 as SK Židenice, the club later became known as Zbrojovka Brno. Brno won the Czechoslovak First League in the 1977–78 season and finished as runners-up in 1979–80.
Methanesulfonyl chloride
Methanesulfonyl chloride (mesyl chloride) is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3SO2Cl. Using the organic pseudoelement symbol Ms for the methanesulfonyl (or mesyl) group CH3SO2–, it is frequently abbreviated MsCl in reaction schemes or equations. It is a colourless liquid that dissolves in polar organic solvents but is reactive toward water, alcohols, and many amines. The simplest organic sulfonyl chloride, it is used to make methanesulfonates and to generate the elusive molecule sulfene (methylenedioxosulfur(VI)).

Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.
Tropico 3
Tropico 3 is a video game developed by Haemimont Games and published by Kalypso Media. Like the previous games in the series, Tropico 3 is a construction and management simulation as well as a political simulation game, with emphasis on city building. As a thematic sequel to Tropico  (unlike the pirate-themed sequel, Tropico 2), the game attempts to return to the roots of the series, which puts the player into the shoes of "El Presidente" – a ruler governing over an island banana republic.

The OS X version of the game was released on January 26, 2012, by Feral Interactive.

Feral Interactive released a redesigned version of Tropico 3 to iPad on December 18, 2018, under the name Tropico or known as Tropico Mobile, with an iPhone version following on April 30, 2019. An Android version of the game was released on September 5, 2019.

City-building game
A city-building game, citybuilder or town-building game, is a genre of simulation video game where players act as the overall planner and leader of a city or town, looking down on it from above, and being responsible for its growth and management strategy. Players choose building placement and city management features such as salaries and work priorities, and the city develops accordingly.

City-building games such as SimCity, Cities XXL or Cities: Skylines are considered a type of construction and management simulation.
Broughty Ferry Lifeboat Station
Broughty Ferry Lifeboat Station is located at the bottom of Fort Street, in the town of Broughty Ferry, a suburb of Dundee on the north shore of the River Tay estuary, in the historic county of Angus, Scotland.

A lifeboat was first placed at Broughty Ferry by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1862.

The station currently operates the All-weather Trent-class lifeboat, 14-31 Elizabeth of Glamis (ON 1252), on station since 2001, and the D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat Oor Lifesaver (D-834), on station since 2019.

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
The Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the University of Magallanes. It publishes articles on natural science with a focus on Earth science or biology regarding Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and Antarctica. The editor-in-chief is Américo Montiel San Martin (University of Magallanes).

University of Magallanes
University of Magallanes (UMAG) is a university in the southern Chilean city of Punta Arenas. It is a public state university and it is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities. The University of Magallanes was established in 1981 during the neoliberal reforms of the Chile's military regime as the successor of Universidad Técnica del Estado's Punta Arenas section.  Universidad Técnica del Estado had established the Punta Arenas section in 1961. The University of Magallanes have campuses in Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales as well as a university centre in Puerto Williams. University of Magallanes publishes the humanities and social sciences journal Magallania twice a year.
Viacheslav V. Nikulin
Viacheslav Valentinovich Nikulin (Slava) is a Russian mathematician working in the algebraic geometry of K3 surfaces and Calabi–Yau threefolds, mirror symmetry, the arithmetic of quadratic forms, and hyperbolic Kac–Moody algebras. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Liverpool. A third chair of mathematics was established for Nikulin in 1999, the second chair having been established in 1964 for C. T. C. Wall and the first having been established in 1882. Nikulin has made contributions towards the solution of Hilbert's 16th problem.

C. T. C. Wall
Charles Terence Clegg "Terry" Wall (born 14 December 1936) is a British mathematician, educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge. He is an emeritus professor of the University of Liverpool, where he was first appointed professor in 1965. From 1978 to 1980 he was the president of the London Mathematical Society.
Pili Yesa
Pilivēṣa in "Tiger Masque" is a folk dance unique in coastal Karnataka, India. Pilivēṣa is performed during Navratri to honour the Goddess Durga, whose favoured animal is the tiger (mārnemi). Mangalore Dasara is one of the festivals during which a large number of enthusiasts participate. It originated in Udupi District of Karnataka and was initially performed during the Krishna Janmashtami/Mosarukudike and Ganesha Chaturthi at Mangalore, Udupi, Moodabidri, Kundapur and many other places in Tulu Nadu.

Navaratri
Navaratri (Sanskrit: नवरात्रि, romanized: Navarātri) is an annual Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga, an aspect of Adi Parashakti, the supreme goddess. It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra (March/April of the Gregorian calendar), and again in the month of Ashvin (September–October). It is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Hindu - Indian cultural sphere. Theoretically, there are four seasonal Navaratris. However, in practice, it is the post-monsoon autumn festival called Sharada Navaratri. There are also two additional Navaratris as well, in Shukla Paksha of the Magha Month (Magha Gupta Navaratri) and another in the Shukla Paksha of Ashadha Month.
Sunaram Soren
Sunaram Soren (also spelled Sonaram Soren; 4 February 1918 - 19 July 1988) was an Indian politician from Odisha. He served four terms as a Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly and was a state cabinet minister.

Jharkhand Party
The Jharkhand Party (JKP) is one of the oldest political parties in India. formed on 5 March 1949 by Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda in Ranchi. The party grew out of the demand for a separate Jharkhand state.

The Jharkhand Party participated in the Bihar Legislative Assembly elections of 1952, 1957, and 1962. For more than 15 years, the Jharkhand Party was the only major opposition political party against the Indian National Congress in Bihar. In 1955, the Jharkhand Party submitted a memorandum for the creation of a separate state of Jharkhand to the States Reorganization Commission, but the state was not created for linguistic and economic reasons.
Gonur Depe
Gonur Depe (Turkmen: Goňur depe) is an archaeological site, dated from 2400 to 1600 BCE, and located about 60 km north of Mary (ancient Merv), Turkmenistan consisting of a large early Bronze Age settlement. It is the "capital" or major settlement of the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC).

Marghab River
The Marghab River (Dari/Pashto: مرغاب, Murghāb, Balochi: مرگاپ), anciently the Margiana (Ancient Greek: Μαργιανή, Margianḗ), is an 850-kilometre (530 mi) long river in Central Asia. It rises in the Paropamisus Mountains (Selseleh-ye Safīd Kūh) in Ghor Province, flows through the Marghab District in central Afghanistan, then runs northwest towards the Bala Murghab. Reaching the oasis of Mary in the Karakum Desert of Turkmenistan, the Marghab debouches into the Karakum Canal, a diversion of water from the Amu Darya. The catchment area of the Marghab is estimated at 46,880 square kilometres (18,100 sq mi).
Negroes Are Anti-Semitic Because They're Anti-White
"Negroes Are Anti-Semitic Because They're Anti-White" was a 1967 essay written by American writer James Baldwin that first appeared in the Sunday magazine edition of The New York Times, describing the tensions that existed in African American–Jewish relations.

African American–Jewish relations
African Americans and Jewish Americans have interacted throughout much of the history of the United States. This relationship has included widely publicized cooperation and conflict, and it has been an area of significant academic research since the 1970s. Cooperation during the Civil Rights Movement was strategic and significant, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The relationship has also featured conflicts and controversies which are related to such topics as the Black Power movement, Zionism, affirmative action, and the antisemitic trope concerning the alleged dominant role of American and Caribbean-based Jews in the Atlantic slave trade.
Lewis Ferguson
Lewis Ferguson (born 24 August 1999) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Serie A club Bologna, whom he captains, and the Scotland national team.

After playing youth football for Rangers and Hamilton Academical, Ferguson made his senior debut for the latter club in the 2017–18 season. After four seasons with Aberdeen he moved to Italian club Bologna in 2022.

A Scotland youth international, Ferguson made his senior debut in 2021.

2022–23 Serie A
The 2022–23 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 121st season of top-tier Italian football, the 91st in a round-robin tournament, and the 13th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Napoli won the title with five matches remaining after a 1–1 draw against Udinese at the Dacia Arena on 4 May 2023.

Napoli's title was their third league title in club history and their first since Diego Maradona led them to victory in 1990 — bringing an end to their 33-year Scudetto drought. AC Milan, the defending champions, finished in fourth place. It was the first time since Roma in 2001 that a club other than AC Milan, Inter Milan or Juventus had won the Serie A title.
Laneah Bryan
Laneah Bryan (born May 23, 1996) is an American international flag football player. She has represented the United States national team since 2023, winning the 2024 IFAF Women's Flag Football World Championship. She previously played college basketball for the New Mexico Lobos.

IFAF Americas Continental Flag Football Championship
The IFAF Americas Continental Flag Football Championship is the international flag football championship that is contested biannually, organized by IFAF Americas, which is the Americas zone of the International Federation of American Football (IFAF).

The competition was first held in 2023 in Charlotte, North Carolina.