hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morgan Lewis (governor)
Morgan Lewis (October 16, 1754 – April 7, 1844) was an American lawyer, politician, and military commander.  The second son of Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Lewis fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.  He served in the New York State Assembly (1789, 1792) and the New York State Senate (1811–1814) and was New York State Attorney General (1791–1801) and the third governor of New York (1804–1807).

Staatsburg, New York
Staatsburg is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Hyde Park, a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 703 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Staatsburg is located in the northwestern corner of Hyde Park and is bordered to the west by the Hudson River.
Yanajaja
Yanajaja (possibly from Quechua yana black, qaqa, rock) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,550 m (18,210 ft) high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District and in the Quispicanchi Province, Ocongate District. Yanajaja lies south of the peak of Q'ampa, southwest of Callangate, west of the river Chillcamayu, and east of Ausangate, close to Chilinita (Santa Catalina).

Callangate
Callangate or Ccallangate is a mountain massif in the Vilcanota mountain range of the Andes in Peru. Its highest point is Collpa Ananta (possibly from Aymara and Quechua qullpa, "saltpeter"), also known as Chimboya, with an elevation of 6,110 metres (20,046 ft). Another peak in the massif is called Ccallangate. It lies in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Ocongate District. Collpa Ananta is the second-highest peak in Cusco, and ranks as the 24th highest in Peru.
William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby
William II de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (c. 1168 – c. 1247), was a favourite of King John of England. He succeeded to the estate (but not the title) upon the death of his father, William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby, at the Siege of Acre in 1190. He was head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire which included an area known as Duffield Frith.

Horston Castle
Horston Castle (sometimes spelt Horeston and also known as Horsley Castle) is about 1 mile to the south of the village of Horsley, some 5 miles north of the English city of Derby (grid reference SK375432). The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument but, as of 2018, is on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register as poor condition.

It was a Norman motte and bailey castle which was founded by Ralph de Buron. In the 13th century King John built a stone castle, adding a keep, a chapel, a gatehouse and a barbican. In 1514 it was granted by Henry VIII to the Duke of Norfolk as a reward for services against the Scots. Later it came into the possession of the Stanhope family.

The castle is ruined today, damaged by extensive quarrying. There are visible remains of the keep although this is now largely overgrown.
Werrington, New South Wales
Werrington is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 49.3 kilometres (30.6 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Claremont Meadows
Claremont Meadows is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Claremont Meadows is located 45 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.
Mohammed I. Al-Suwaiyel
Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Suwaiyel (born 25 December 1950) (Arabic: محمد بن إبراهيم السويل) is a Saudi politician. He was appointed as the Minister of Communications and Information Technology of Saudi Arabia on 29 January 2015. He served in that position until 22 April 2017, when he was replaced by Abdullah bin Amer Al-Sawaha.

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) is a nonprofit research university in Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Founded near the earliest local oil fields, initially as the College of Petroleum & Minerals (1963) in response to the booming energy industry of Saudi Arabia, the university centers around science, technology, engineering, and business subjects. The university ranks 5th and 7th globally in petroleum engineering & mining engineering, respectively, according to the QS subject rankings. In 2024, the university was ranked 5th globally for its number of U.S. utility patents, by the National Academy of Inventors (NAI),. In 2025, it placed first in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region, based on Times Higher Education rankings, and in 2026, it reached 67th globally according to QS Ranking.  According to the NAI, KFUPM has consecutively held the record of the highest STEM patent-per-capita rate in the world since 2023.
Declaration of War (horse)
Declaration of War (foaled 29 April 2009) is an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He won the Group Three Diamond Stakes in 2012, but emerged as a world-class performer in the following year, winning the Queen Anne Stakes and International Stakes and being placed in the Eclipse Stakes, Sussex Stakes and Breeders' Cup Classic.

Coolmore Stud
Coolmore Stud, in Fethard, County Tipperary, Ireland, is the headquarters of one of the world's largest breeding operation of thoroughbred racehorses. Through its racing arm, Ballydoyle, Coolmore also has raced many classic winners and champions. The operation, which is currently owned and run by the Magnier family, has been associated with a long sequence of top-class stallions since the 1850s, originally in County Cork, where stallions still stand as part of Coolmore today.

Coolmore was once home to champion sires Sadler's Wells, Danehill, and Galileo.
Moxie
Moxie is a brand of carbonated beverage that is among the first mass-produced soft drinks in the United States. It was created around 1876 by Augustin Thompson as a patent medicine called "Moxie Nerve Food" and was produced in Lowell, Massachusetts. It has been described as having "a bitter aftertaste that some say is similar to root beer." It is flavored with gentian root extract, an extremely bitter substance commonly used in herbal medicine.

Moxie was designated the official soft drink of Maine on May 10, 2005. It continues to be regionally popular today, particularly in New England states. It was previously produced by the Moxie Beverage Company of Bedford, New Hampshire, until Moxie was purchased by The Coca-Cola Company in 2018.

The name has become the word "moxie" in American English, a noun meaning energy, determination, and spunk.

Kirin Company
Kirin Holdings Company, Limited. (キリンホールディングス株式会社) is a Japanese beer and beverage holding company. It is known for brands such as Kirin Beer, Kirin Lemon, Mets, and Gogo no Kōcha.

The predecessor of the company, the Japan Brewery Company, was founded in Yokohama in 1885 by William Henry Talbot and Edgar Abbott. In 1888, they launched Kirin Beer. In 1907, the business of JBC was inherited, and Kirin Brewery Company was established. In 2007, it became Kirin Holdings Company, a holding company, with Kirin Beer Company, Kirin Beverage Company, and Mercian Corporation as its main subsidiaries. As a result, the brewery division was taken over by the second incarnation of Kirin Brewery.

Kirin is a core member of the Mitsubishi Group.
Iglesias, Sardinia
Iglesias (Italian pronunciation: [iˈɡlɛːzjas], locally [iˈɡlezjas] ⓘ; from Spanish: [iˈɣlesjas]; Sardinian: Igrèsias) is a town and municipality, as well as the co-capital (along with Carbonia) of the Province of Sulcis Iglesiente in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 24,634, it is also the 2nd-largest town in the province and the 11th-largest in Sardinia.

Under Aragonese and Spanish control Iglesias was one of the most important royal cities on Sardinia (which depended directly on the king), and it is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iglesias. At an elevation of 190 metres (620 ft) in the hills of southwestern Sardinia, it was the centre of a mining district from which lead, zinc, and silver were extracted. Iglesias was also a centre for the distillation of sulfuric acid.

Republic of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa (Italian: Repubblica di Pisa) was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century, centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa.

The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406.

The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy.
Banfield Memorial Reserve and Grave
Banfield Memorial Reserve and Grave is a heritage-listed lone grave at Dunk Island, Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1923 to 1933. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 August 2010.

Family Islands National Park
Family Islands National Park is an Australian national park in Queensland. It comprises the Family Islands, a group of continental islands lying a short distance off the coast, in the Cassowary Coast Region about midway between Cairns and Townsville, in Far North Queensland. Most of the area has been designated as part of the national park.

The islands were given their collective name and also English names by Captain Cook when he sailed through the area in 1770. They were part of the mainland until roughly 8,000 years ago when the sea level rose.
Gretzky NHL 06
Gretzky NHL 06 is a 2005 ice hockey video game developed by Page 44 Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. The last NHL game to be published by Sony and the first to not involve 989 Sports, it is the sequel to Gretzky NHL 2005. It features professional NHL player Wayne Gretzky. It was Mike Emrick and Darren Pang provide color commentary for the game. It features officially licensed NHL on NBC branding during gameplay. The NBC integration was later used in the EA Sports NHL series, beginning with NHL 15 in 2014. The PS2 version features Wayne Gretzky on the cover in an Edmonton Oilers and New York Rangers uniform, as well as himself as a coach.

NHL 15
NHL 15 is an ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It is the 24th installment of the NHL series and was released on September 9, 2014 in North America then three days later in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The game serves as the debut entry in the series for eighth generation consoles, receiving releases on the PlayStation 4 and the Xbox One. The online servers for the game were shut down on June 6, 2022.
Brotizolam
Brotizolam, sold under the brand name Lendormin, among others, is a sedative–hypnotic thienotriazolodiazepine drug, which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to other short-acting hypnotic benzodiazepines such as triazolam or midazolam. It is used in the short-term treatment of severe insomnia. Brotizolam is a highly potent and short-acting hypnotic, with a typical dose ranging from 0.125 to 0.25 milligrams, which is rapidly eliminated with an average half-life of 4.4 hours (range 3.6–7.9 hours).

It was patented in 1974 and came into medical use in 1984. Brotizolam is not approved for sale in the UK, United States or Canada. It is approved for sale in the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Portugal, Israel, Italy, Taiwan, and Japan.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections
The University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections is a department of the University of Manitoba Libraries which holds historical records related to and created by the University of Manitoba. It is also a collector of private records of individuals, families, organizations and businesses. It is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

University of Manitoba Libraries
The University of Manitoba Libraries (UML) is the academic library system for the University of Manitoba. UML is made up of over a dozen libraries across two campuses—the main campus (Fort Garry) and the urban, health sciences campus (Bannatyne)—as well as one virtual library, the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Virtual Library. It is also a member of the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities.

The largest library of the university is the Elizabeth Dafoe Library.

UML is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Treaty 1 territory, the land of the Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota, and Dene Peoples, and on the homeland of the Métis Nation.
2001 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2001.

3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats. Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.

Riize
Riize (Korean: 라이즈; RR: Raijeu; stylized in all caps; pronounced as "Rise") is a South Korean boy band formed by SM Entertainment. The group consists of six members: Shotaro, Eunseok, Sungchan, Wonbin, Sohee, and Anton. Originally a seven-piece ensemble, Seunghan departed from the group in October 2024. They debuted on September 4, 2023, with the single album Get a Guitar.
Emucaris
Emucaris fava is an extinct species of soft-shelled trilobite-like arthropod of the nektaspid order from the Lower Cambrian (Cambrian Stage 4) of South Australia. It is the only species classified under the genus Emucaris.

Nektaspida
Nektaspida (also called Naraoiida, Nektaspia and Nectaspida) is an extinct order of non-mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the lower-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the Trilobitomorpha within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families; Emucarididae, Liwiidae, and Naraoiidae.
Norse cosmology
Norse cosmology is the account of the universe and its laws by the ancient North Germanic peoples. The topic encompasses concepts from Norse mythology and Old Norse religion such as notations of time and space, cosmogony, personifications, anthropogeny, and eschatology. Like other aspects of Norse mythology, these concepts are primarily recorded from earlier oral sources in the Poetic Edda, a collection of poems compiled in the 13th century, and the Prose Edda, attributed to the Icelander Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. Together these sources depict an image of Nine Worlds around a cosmic tree, Yggdrasil.

Asgard
Asgard (Old Norse: Ásgarðr; "Enclosure of the Æsir") is a location associated with the gods in Nordic mythology. It appears in several Old Norse sagas and mythological texts, including the Eddas, however it has also been suggested to be referred to indirectly in some of these sources. It is described as the fortified home of the Æsir gods and is often associated with gold imagery and contains many other locations known in Nordic mythology such as Valhöll, Iðavöllr and Hlidskjálf.

In some euhemeristic accounts, Asgard is portrayed as being a city in Asia or Troy, however in other accounts that likely more accurately reflect its conception in Old Norse religion, it is depicted as not conforming to a naturalistic geographical position. In these latter accounts, it is found in a range of locations such as over the rainbow bridge Bifröst, in the middle of the world and over the sea.
Orlamünde
Orlamünde (German pronunciation: [ɔʁlaˈmʏndə] ⓘ) is a small town in the Saale-Holzland district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is part of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") Südliches Saaletal.

Saale-Holzland-Kreis
Saale-Holzland (official German name: Saale-Holzland-Kreis) is a Kreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the district Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, the district-free city Gera, the districts Greiz, Saale-Orla, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, Weimarer Land and the district-free city Jena.
Bucan
Bucan was a nobleman in the Kingdom of Hungary, who, according to a non-authentic charter, served as Judge royal (Latin: comes curialis) and ispán of Bihar County in 1135, during the reign of Béla II of Hungary.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
Apollon Patras B.C.
Apollon Patras B.C., named after the Greek God Apollo, is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Patras, Greece. Apollon Patras B.C. is the men's basketball club of the Greek multi sports athletic union A.S. Apollon Patras. The club's name sponsorship is Apollon Patras B.C. Carna. Currently, Apollon competes in the Greek A2 Basket League, which is the 2nd-tier level basketball division in Greece.

FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.
Walter Conrad Arensberg
Walter Conrad Arensberg (April 4, 1878 – January 29, 1954) was an American art collector, critic and poet. His father was part owner and president of a crucible steel company. He majored in English and philosophy at Harvard University. With his wife Louise (born as Mary Louise Stevens; 1879–1953), he collected art and supported artistic endeavors.

William F. Friedman
William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 – November 2, 1969) was a US Army cryptographer who ran the research division of the Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1930s, and parts of its follow-on services into the 1950s. In 1940, subordinates of his led by Frank Rowlett broke Japan's PURPLE cipher, thus disclosing Japanese diplomatic secrets before America's entrance into World War II.
Hemulal Yadav
Hemulal Yadav is an Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Tripura. He is second batsman after South Africa's Andrew Jordaan in the history of first-class cricket to be given out timed out. He was dismissed in this rare fashion on 20 December 1997 in a Ranji Trophy match between Orissa and Tripura at Cuttack.

Tripura cricket team
The Tripura cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in Agartala, India. The team represents the Indian state of Tripura. The team competes in the First-class cricket competition known as the Ranji Trophy and the List A cricket Vijay Hazare Trophy and the T20 competition Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT).
Cody Lambert
Cody Lance Lambert (born December 2, 1961) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy. He specialized in  saddle bronc riding and bull riding. He was also a co-founder and vice president of the Professional Bull Riders (PBR). He created the protective vest that professional bull riders have been required to wear for many years after witnessing the death of his friend Lane Frost at the Cheyenne Frontier Days rodeo in Cheyenne, Wyoming, on July 30, 1989. Since 2022, Lambert has been the head coach of the Texas Rattlers in the PBR Team Series. In 2023, the Rattlers won the PBR Team Series Championship title.

In 2023, Lambert was ranked No. 19 on the list of the top 30 bull riders in PBR history.

Bronc riding
Bronc riding, either  bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a bronc  or bronco) that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally based on the necessary buck breaking skills of a working cowboy, the event is now a highly stylized competition that utilizes horses that often are specially bred for strength, agility, and bucking ability. It is recognized by most rodeo organizations such as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and the International Professional Rodeo Association (IPRA).
2nd Punjab Assembly
The 1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election was the Second Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election of the state when the Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party with 120 seats in the 154-seat legislature in the election. The Bharatiya Jana Sangh became the official opposition, holding 9 seats.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.