hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbert Chitepo
Herbert Wiltshire Pfumaindini Chitepo (15 June 1923 – 18 March 1975) was a Zimbabwean lawyer, politician, and nationalist leader who led the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) until he was assassinated in March 1975. Although his murderer remains unidentified, the Rhodesian author Peter Stiff says that a former soldier of the British Special Air Service (SAS), Hugh Hind, was responsible.

Chitepo was the first black citizen of Rhodesia to become a barrister.

Manyika people
The Manyika people are a Shona sub-group that originated from the Manyika Dynasty. Manyika people speak several dialects which include  ChiManyika (Northern Manyika), ChiBocha (Southern Manyika), ChiUngwe, ChiHera, Chijindwi and the Urban dialect which is spoken in urban centers like Mutare and Rusape.

The majority of Manyika come from the eastern region of Zimbabwe and western Mozambique. The dialect is widely spoken in Manicaland Province, upper parts of Mashonaland (Mutoko, Rushinga and Mudzi districts), Manica Province, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia. Those from Nyanga, Nyamaropa, Nyatate and surrounding regions speak the ChiManyika variant whereas those from the Buhera and Bocha areas spoke ChiHera and ChiBocha variants. There are inherent cultural norms in each of the sub-regions inhabited by the Manyika.
The Challenge: Free Agents
The Challenge: Free Agents is the 25th season of the MTV reality game show The Challenge. The season is located in Uruguay and Chile, with former cast members from The Real World and The Challenge competing. This season marks the first since season 11 that does not include any cast members from The Real World: Austin. The season follows a new format, featuring each contestant competing in either teams, pairs, or for themselves, for a share of $350,000 in prize money.

The season premiered with a special 90-minute episode on April 10, 2014 on MTV, marking the first time the show aired on a night other than a Wednesday since season 14 aired in 2007. The season concluded its run on June 26, 2014 with the Reunion special.

Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet 2
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet 2 is the 11th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge).

The Gauntlet II marked T. J. Lavin's first time presenting the series, regularly hosting the program from this season forward. Prior seasons only used temporary hosts. The season is the second in the Gauntlet series, with the original Gauntlet airing in 2003–2004 and The Gauntlet III following in 2008.
African socialism
African socialism is a distinct variant of socialist theory developed in post-colonial Africa during the mid-20th century. As a shared ideology among several African thinkers over the decades, it encompasses a variety of competing interpretations. However, a consistent and defining theme among these theories is the notion that traditional African cultures and community structures have a natural inclination toward socialist principles.

This characterization of socialism as an indigenous African tradition sets African socialism apart as a unique ideological movement, distinctly separate from other socialist movements on the continent or elsewhere in the world. Prominent contributors to this field include Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal.

Harambee
Harambee is a Kenyan tradition of community self-help events, e.g. fundraising or development activities. The word 'Harambee' means "all pull together" in Swahili, and is the official motto of Kenya, appearing on its coat of arms.

Harambee events may range from informal affairs lasting a few hours, in which invitations are spread by word of mouth, to formal, multi-day events advertised in newspapers. These events have long been important in parts of East Africa, as ways to build and maintain communities.
1943 Pinsk Prison raid
The 1943 Pinsk Prison raid was one of the most spectacular raids in the history of the Home Army and the Polish Underground State. It took place on 18 January 1943 in Pinsk, the town in Eastern Poland (now in Belarus), which at that time was under German occupation as part of Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The purpose of the raid was to release a Cichociemni agent and his comrades, who had been captured by the Germans while trying to blow up the Horyn river bridge.

The raid was a success, as 40 Polish soldiers, divided into six groups and commanded by Jan Piwnik, managed to enter the heavily guarded prison, and release Alfred Paczkowski (Wania), Marian Czarnecki (Rys), and Piotr Downar (Azorek). A fourth prisoner, Mieczysław Eckardt (Bocian) had been killed by the SS during the interrogation. The raid lasted only 15 minutes. Several of the participants later received military awards for their actions.

Pinsk
Pinsk (Belarusian: Пінск; Russian: Пинск, IPA: [pʲinsk]; Polish: Pińsk; Ukrainian: Пінськ; Yiddish: פינסק) is a city in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Pinsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. It is located in the historical region of Polesia, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Pinsk Marshes and is southwest of Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 124,008.

The historic city has a restored city centre, with two-storey buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and an association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.
2010–11 Georgian Cup
The 2010–11 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) was the sixty-seventh season overall and twenty-first since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 24 August 2010 and ended on 26 May 2011. The defending champions were WIT Georgia, who won their first Georgian Cup last season.

2009–10 Georgian Cup
The 2009–10 Georgian Cup (also known as the David Kipiani Cup) was the 66th season overall and twentieth since independence of the Georgian annual football tournament. The competition began on 25 August 2009 and ended with the Final on 26 May 2010. The defending champions were Dinamo Tbilisi.
Nayagarh Assembly constituency
Nayagarh is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Nayagarh district, Odisha.

This constituency includes Nayagarh, Nayagarh block and 18 Gram panchayats (Sunamuhin, Panderipada, Giridipali, Kurala, Rabigadia, Pantikhari, Korapitha, Sakeri, Sardhapur, Bhadikila, Nandighora, Arada, Goudaput, Komanda, Rohibanka, Banthapur, Rabara, Ranganipatna and Odagaon nac of Odagaon Block).

Nayagarh district
Nayagarh district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in eastern India. It was created on 01-April-1993 when the erstwhile Puri District was split into three distinct districts, namely Khordha, Nayagarh and Puri.

The district is bordered by Khordha district to the south and east, Cuttack district to the east and north, Angul district to the north, Boudh district to the northwest, Kandhamal district to the west and Ganjam district to the southwest.
Ausonia Mensa
Ausonia Mensa is a mensa in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, located at 30.3° S and 262.3° W. It is 103 km (64 mi) across and was named after an albedo feature name. The term "mensa" is used for a flat-topped prominence with cliff-like edges. Ausonia Mensa has many small channels. Some features look like alluvial fans. These channels add to the mass of evidence that water once flowed on Mars. Images of curved channels have been seen in images from Mars spacecraft dating back to the early 1970s with the Mariner 9 orbiter.

Channel in Ausonia Mensa, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

Hellas quadrangle
The Hellas quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Hellas quadrangle is also referred to as MC-28 (Mars Chart-28).
The Hellas quadrangle covers the area from 240° to 300° west longitude and 30° to 65° south latitude on the planet Mars. Within the Hellas quadrangle lies the classic features Hellas Planitia and Promethei Terra. Many interesting and mysterious features have been discovered in the Hellas quadrangle, including the giant river valleys Dao Vallis, Niger Vallis, Harmakhis, and Reull Vallis—all of which may have contributed water to a lake in the Hellas basin in the distant past. Many places in the Hellas quadrangle show signs of ice in the ground, especially places with glacier-like flow features.
Billy Tauzin
Wilbert Joseph Tauzin II (/ˈtoʊzæ̃/; born June 14, 1943) is an American lobbyist and politician. He served as the President and CEO of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), a pharmaceutical company lobby group, from 2005 to 2010.

After serving four terms in the State House, Tauzin won a special election to the United States House of Representatives, and served from 1980 to 2005. He was consistently re-elected as a Democrat representing Louisiana's 3rd congressional district until 1995, when he joined the Republican Party and continued to be re-elected to his seat for another decade.

United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce
The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are the House Ways and Means Committee and the House Rules Committee. The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.
Social vulnerability
In its broadest sense, social vulnerability is one dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors and shocks, including abuse, social exclusion and natural hazards. Social vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed. These impacts are due in part to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values.

Social vulnerability is an interdisciplinary topic that connects social, health, and environmental fields of study. As it captures the susceptibility of a system or an individual to respond to external stressors like pandemics or natural disasters, many studies of social vulnerability are found in risk management literature.

Vulnerability index
A vulnerability index is a measure of the exposure of a population to some hazard. Typically, the index is a composite of multiple quantitative indicators that via some formula, delivers a single numerical result. Through such an index "diverse issues can be combined into a standardised framework...making comparisons possible". For instance, indicators from the physical sciences can be combined with social, medical and even psychological variables to evaluate potential complications for disaster planning.

The origin of vulnerability indexes as a policy planning tool began with the United Nations Environmental Program. One of the participants in the early task forces has also conducted secondary research documenting the evolution of the analytic tool through various stages. The term and methodology then expanded through medical literature and social work as discussed by Dr. James O'Connell of Boston Healthcare for the Homeless.
Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.

Sunrise
Sunrise (or sunup) is the moment when the upper rim of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning, at the start of the Sun path. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon.
Norwegian Hull Club
Norwegian Hull Club (NHC) is a mutual insurance company based in Norway. The company operates within the marine and offshore energy segments offering Hull & Machinery, Loss of Hire, Total Loss, War, Offshore Energy, Construction All Risks, Yachts, P&I and other related insurances.

The Head Office is in Bergen, with additional national offices in Oslo, Kristiansand and London.

NHC is a member of the Central Union of Marine Underwriters (CEFOR) and the International Underwriting Association (IUA).

CEFOR
The Central Union of Marine Underwriters (CEFOR) was founded August 15, 1911 by Norwegian and foreign insurance companies and is the marine insurance market organization of Norway.

The members of CEFOR engage in hull and machinery insurance (blue water and coastal), protection and indemnity insurance, cargo insurance, legal defense, and war risks.
Jo Parrish
Jo Parrish is a fictional character from the Australian television police drama Blue Heelers, played by Jane Allsop. She made her first appearance during the sixth season episode "Hello Goodbye", broadcast on 18 August 1999. The character left in the eleventh season on 6 July 2004, after being killed in an explosion. She was the seventh longest serving character behind Tom Croydon, Chris Riley, P.J. Hasham, Ben Stewart, Maggie Doyle and Nick Schultz

Chris Riley (Blue Heelers)
Councillor Christine Bridget "Chris" Riley is a fictional character in the long-running Australian police drama Blue Heelers, portrayed by Julie Nihill. The publican and landlady of the Imperial Hotel in Mount Thomas, Chris is in a unique position to assist the police thanks to her wealth of knowledge about the town and its inhabitants. Strong-willed and opinionated, she often serves a spokeswoman for important issues in the community, and eventually gains election to the local shire council. She is one of two characters, along with Tom Croydon, to appear in all thirteen seasons of the show, appearing in 507 of the 510 episodes to air.
Heistenbach
Heistenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪstn̩bax]) is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Lahn, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany. It belongs to the association community of Diez. The municipal council has 16 seats.

Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Westerwaldkreis, Limburg-Weilburg, Rheingau-Taunus, Mainz-Bingen, Rhein-Hunsrück, Mayen-Koblenz, and the district-free city Koblenz.
1956–57 Yorkshire Cup
The 1956 Yorkshire Cup was the forty-ninth occasion on which the rugby league competition known as the Yorkshire County Cup had been held. Featuring clubs from the 1956–57 Northern Rugby Football League season, matches were played over September and October 1956. Wakefield Trinity won the trophy by beating Hunslet in the final.

Rugby league county cups
Historically, English rugby league clubs competed for the Lancashire Cup and the Yorkshire Cup, known collectively as the county cups. The leading rugby clubs in Yorkshire had played in a cup competition (affectionately known as t’owd tin pot) for several years prior to the schism of 1895. However, the Lancashire authorities had refused to sanction a similar tournament, fearing it would lead to professionalism.

After the split, the replacement for the Yorkshire Cup was not immediately introduced; however, new Yorkshire and Lancashire Cups were introduced in the 1905–06 season.

The county cups were played on the same basis as the Challenge Cup, with an open draw and straight knock-out matches leading to a final.

The county cups were abandoned in 1993 due to the more successful clubs complaining about overloaded fixtures, but the Yorkshire Cup was revived in 2019.
2023 Atlanta Open
The 2023 Atlanta Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 35th edition of the tournament, and was part of the 2023 ATP Tour. It took place at Atlantic Station in Atlanta, United States between July 24 and 30, 2023.

Atlanta Open (tennis)
The Atlanta Open was a professional men's tennis tournament that was played in the Atlanta area in the United States from 2010 to 2024, usually during July or August. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts as part of the USTA's US Open Series, the seven-week summer season lead-up to the U.S. Open. The Atlanta Open was known as the Atlanta Tennis Championships for its first two years before signing BB&T as a title sponsor in 2012. In 2015, the tournament was acquired by GF Sports from its then-owners, the USTA.

The event was removed from the 2025 calendar.
2017 Thai League 3 Upper Region
2017 Thai League 3 Upper Region was the 1st edition of the Thai football league. It is a part of the Thai League 3 and the feeder league for the Thai League 2. A total of 14 teams contested the league ti tle that season, after Prachinburi United failed in getting a licence for the league and Phichit withdrew before the season start.

Thai League 3
Thai League 3 (Thai: ไทยลีก 3), commonly known as the T3, is the third level of Thai football. It was started in 2017 First season. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Dolphin League III. In 2017, the League is divided in 2 regions and participated by 32 clubs 1st-4th clubs from 8 regions which are former members Regional League Division 2 and debutants in the season.
Mohammed Al-Fuhaid
Mohammed Al-Fuhaid (Arabic: محمد الفهيد; born January 8, 1990) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi FDL club Al-Faisaly. Al-Fuhaid is holds the record for most appearances in the Saudi Pro League with 345 appearances.

Saudi Super Cup
The Saudi Super Cup is an annual super cup competition in Saudi Arabian football. Established in 2013 as a match between two teams, the format was expanded in 2022 to include four teams: the winners and runners-up of both the Saudi Pro League and the King's Cup.
David Evans (microbiologist)
Sir David Gwynne Evans FRS (6 September 1909 – 13 June 1984) was a British microbiologist; his work included testing vaccines for whooping cough, and he also chaired several Medical Research Committees looking at vaccines for TB, measles and rubella.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
Four Tet discography
This is a comprehensive listing of releases, collaborations, remixes and productions documenting the solo work of the British electronic musician Kieran Hebden. Alongside his role as a member of Fridge, Hebden performs as a solo artist under the moniker Four Tet, and has performed in a duo Steve Reid.

To date, Four Tet has released twelve studio albums, six live albums, five compilation albums, three DJ mix albums, three EPs, twenty-two singles and one DVD on Output Recordings, Domino Records, Text Records, Azuli Records and Studio !K7. Kieran Hebden and Steve Reid have released four studio albums on Domino Records.

Hebden's debut solo release was the single "Double Density", released in 1997 under the name 4T Recordings.

Text Records
Text Records is a British independent record label founded by Kieran Hebden in 2001. Hebden has released much of his own music through the label: several albums and singles as Four Tet (including collaborations with Burial and Thom Yorke) and two albums with the band Fridge. Other artists to have released recordings on the label include Daphni, Koushik and One Little Plane.
Directed percolation
In statistical physics, directed percolation (DP) refers to a class of models that mimic filtering of fluids through porous materials along a given direction, due to the effect of gravity. Varying the microscopic connectivity of the pores, these models display a phase transition from a macroscopically permeable (percolating) to an impermeable (non-percolating) state. Directed percolation is also used as a simple model for epidemic spreading with a transition between survival and extinction of the disease depending on the infection rate.

More generally, the term directed percolation stands for a universality class of continuous phase transitions which are characterized by the same type of collective behavior on large scales. Directed percolation is probably the simplest universality class of transitions out of thermal equilibrium.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Pahang River
The Pahang River (Malay: Sungai Pahang) mainly flows through the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Its drainage basin covers its namesake state, as well as the neighbouring state of Negeri Sembilan.

At 459 km in length, it is the longest river on the Malay Peninsula.

Jerantut (town)
Jerantut is a town in Jerantut District, Pahang, Malaysia. It is the largest district in the State of Pahang. It covers an area of 2,900 square miles (755,771.93 Hectares). Bordered by the States of Kelantan and Terengganu in the North, Temerloh and Maran districts in the South, Kuala Lipis and Raub districts in the West and Kuantan district and Terengganu state in the East. It has 10 mukims consisting of 295 villages administered under 58 JKKK. Jerantut District Council was gazetted on 18 February 1982. Jerantut District Council (Malay: Majlis Daerah Jerantut), formerly known as Jerantut Town Board (Malay: Lembaga Bandaran Jerantut) is the local authority of Jerantut town.