hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Architecture of the LDS Church
The architecture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) includes the design and use of its temples, meetinghouses, historic sites, and other facilities. The LDS Church uses unique architecture, some of which has even been called imposing. Its architecture differs based on the uses of individual buildings and varies in style throughout the world.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
Załom-Kasztanowe
Załom-Kasztanowe (until 2012: Załom, formerly German Arnimswalde) is a municipal neighborhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town, and Szczecin-Dąbie.

The area became part of the emerging Duchy of Poland under its first ruler Mieszko I around 967, and following Poland's fragmentation in 1138, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. During the Thirty Years' War, the settlement was ruled by the Swedish Empire. From 1871, it was part of Germany until the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II in 1945 when the area was reintegrated back into Poland.

Dąbie, Szczecin
Dąbie (German: Damm, Altdamm, or Stettin-Altdamm) is a former town and current municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin in  Poland, situated on the Płonia river, on the south coast of Dąbie Lake, on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town. As of January 2011 it had a population of 13,275.
The Dark (Metal Church album)
The Dark is the second full-length album released by American heavy metal band Metal Church, released on October 6, 1986. This was the last album featuring the group's "classic" lineup of David Wayne, Kurdt Vanderhoof, Kirk Arrington, Duke Erickson, and Craig Wells, until Masterpeace (1999), which reunited the four-fifths of that lineup, with John Marshall replacing Wells.

It is considered an essential release in the thrash metal genre.

Rock Hard (magazine)
Rock Hard (also RockHard) is a German music magazine published in Dortmund, with additional language editions in various countries worldwide, including France, Spain, Brazil, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Slovenia. The magazine focuses on hard rock and heavy metal, offering content such as reports, interviews, specials, reviews, and news.
Google Person Finder
Google Person Finder is an open source web application that provides a registry and message board for survivors, family, and loved ones affected by a natural disaster to post and search for information about each other's status and whereabouts. It was created by volunteer Google engineers in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Google Person Finder is written in Python and hosted on Google App Engine. Its database and API are based on the People Finder Interchange Format (PFIF) developed in 2005 for the Katrina PeopleFinder Project.

Google App Engine
Google App Engine (also referred to as GAE or App Engine) is a cloud computing platform used as a service for developing and hosting web applications. Applications are sandboxed and run across multiple Google-managed servers. GAE supports automatic scaling for web applications, allocating more resources to the web application as the amount of requests increases. It was released as a preview in April 2008 and launched officially in September 2011.

Applications written in Go, PHP, Java, Python, Node.js, .NET, and Ruby are supported by the App Engine, and other languages can be supported at an additional cost. The free version of the service offers a standard environment with limited resources. Fees are charged for additional storage, bandwidth, or instance hours.
Fritz Wotruba
Fritz Wotruba (23 April 1907, Vienna, Austria – 28 August 1975, Vienna) was an Austrian sculptor of Czecho-Hungarian descent. He was considered one of the most notable sculptors of the 20th century in Austria. In his work, he increasingly dissolves figurative components in favor of geometrical abstraction with the shape of the cube as the basic form.

Mauer, Vienna
Mauer (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʊɐ] ⓘ; German for "wall"; Central Bavarian: Maua) is a former village of Lower Austria that has been part of Vienna since 1938. Today's cadastral community belongs to the 23rd District of Vienna, called Liesing. In the west, Mauer borders the Vienna Woods.
Casbah des Ait Maouine
Casbah des Ait Maouine (Arabic: قصبة آيت معين) is a town in central-western Mauritania. It is located in the Chinguetti Department in the Adrar Region.

Nearby towns and villages include Tentane (40.4 nm), Chinguetti (48.1 nm), Ksar el Khali (86.5 nm), Ouadane (86.5 nm), Ksar el Barka (75.2 nm) and Rachid (62.4 nm).

Adrar region
Adrar (Arabic: ولاية أدرار, romanized: Wilāyat Adrār) is a large administrative region in Mauritania, named for the Adrar Plateau. The capital is Atar. Other major towns include Choum, Chinguetti and Ouadane. The region borders Western Sahara and the Mauritanian region of Tiris Zemmour to the north, Mali and the Mauritanian region of Hodh Ech Chargui to the east, the Mauritanian regions of Trarza and Tagant to the south and the Mauritanian region of Inchiri to the west.

As of 2013, the population of the region was 62,658, compared to 77,812 in 2011. There were 49.19 per cent females and 50.81 per cent males. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 50.30%.  The total net enrolment ratio at secondary level was 7.10%. As of 2008, the activity rate was 48.20% and economic dependency ratio was 0.84.
Kurosh subgroup theorem
In the mathematical field of group theory, the Kurosh subgroup theorem describes the algebraic structure of subgroups of free products of groups. The theorem was obtained by Alexander Kurosh, a Russian mathematician, in 1934. Informally, the theorem says that every subgroup of a free product is itself a free product of a free group and of its intersections with the conjugates of the factors of the original free product.

HNN extension
In mathematics, the HNN extension is an important construction of combinatorial group theory.

Introduced in a 1949 paper Embedding Theorems for Groups by Graham Higman, Bernhard Neumann, and Hanna Neumann, it embeds a given group G into another group G' , in such a way that two given isomorphic subgroups of G are conjugate (through a given isomorphism) in G' .
1949 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1949.

In 1949 Bebop dominates the scene, but Dixieland is still being played. Miles Davis makes the first recordings with other artists of what will be known as Cool Jazz. The first LPs are issued, as are the first 45s.

Real Book
The Real Book is a compilation of lead sheets for jazz standards. It was created in the mid-1970s by two students at the Berklee College of Music. In its original form, it was an illegal publication made at local copy shops. It quickly became a standard reference for musicians. Two additional volumes were bootlegged in subsequent decades.

In 2004, Hal Leonard released legal versions of the three Real Book volumes.
Azad Kashmir Plebiscite Front
The Plebiscite Front in Azad Kashmir, also called Mahaz-i-Raishumari, was founded by Amanullah Khan in collaboration with Abdul Khaliq Ansari
and Maqbool Bhat in 1965. The organisation had an unofficial armed wing called National Liberation Front, which carried out sabotage activities in Jammu and Kashmir as well as the hijacking of Ganga. Amanullah Khan later moved to England, where he revived the National Liberation Front under the new name Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF).

Praveen Swami
Praveen Swami (born 1969) is an Indian journalist and author specialising on international strategic and security issues. He is currently the National Security Editor at ThePrint. He was the Diplomatic Editor of The Daily Telegraph newspaper between September 2010 – October 2011, after which, he became the National Editor (Strategic and International Affairs) of The Indian Express newspaper from August 2014- January 2017 and the Group Consulting Editor at Network18 Group between July 2018 - January 2022. Swami is the author of two books on the India-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir. He was described by the BBC as "one of India's foremost experts of Islamist terrorism".
2020 Strade Bianche
The 14th edition of the Strade Bianche was held on 1 August 2020. Starting and finishing in Siena, Italy, it was the sixth event of the 2020 UCI World Tour. The race was originally scheduled for 7 March 2020 but was postponed to 1 August 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After finishing third in the past two editions of the race, Belgian Wout van Aert of Team Jumbo–Visma won the race in just under five hours after going solo with around 13 kilometers to go.

2020 UCI World Tour
The 2020 UCI World Tour was a series of races that was scheduled to include thirty-six road cycling events throughout the 2020 cycling season. However, some of races were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tour started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 21 January, and concluded with the final stage of the Vuelta a España on 8 November.
Eric Young (cyclist)
Eric Galen Young (born February 26, 1989) is an American former professional racing cyclist. Young won the United States National Criterium Championships in both 2011, while riding with Bissell, and in 2013, while riding with Optum–Kelly Benefit Strategies. Before turning professional, Young attended Indiana University Bloomington and won the Little 500 with the "Cutters" team three years.

In 2015, Young won the second stage of the Tour of the Gila in a bunch sprint, beating Travis McCabe of Team SmartStop.

Travis McCabe
Travis McCabe (born May 12, 1989 in Prescott, Arizona) is an American former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2013 and 2020, for the Team SmartStop, Holowesko Citadel Racing Team, UnitedHealthcare, Floyd's Pro Cycling and Israel Start-Up Nation teams.
Nami Nori Pirates
"Nami Nori Pirates" (波乗りパイレーツ, Nami Nori Pairētsu, lit. "Surfing Pirates") is the 13th single by Pink Lady. It was released on 5 July 1979, with a peak position on the Oricon charts of #4, and also a #4 position on the Japanese Music Labo chart. It was also the duo's last top-five single.

The B-side, an alternate version of the song used on their Magical Music Tour studio album, features members of The Beach Boys on backing vocals.

The single was also featured on the Japanese music program The Best Ten, where it peaked at #7. It sold approximately 550,000 copies.

Magical Music Tour
Pink Lady Magical Music Tour (ピンク・レディーの不思議な旅, Pinku Redī no Fushigi na Tabi, lit. Pink Lady's Magical Journey) is the third studio album by Japanese idol duo Pink Lady, released through Victor Entertainment on February 5, 1979. It is a concept album using traveling as a motif.

The album peaked at No. 27 on Oricon's weekly albums chart and sold over 18,000 copies.
Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine
Illinois College of Osteopathic Medicine (ICOM) is the medical school of The Chicago School in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 2023, ICOM grants the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) academic degree. ICOM holds pre-accreditation status with the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA).

Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
The American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) accredits medical schools granting the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree in the United States. The US Department of Education lists the Commission as a recognized accreditor.
Vidria
Vidria is a genus of proetid trilobites belonging to the  family Phillipsiidae. Vidria vespa fossils are found in Middle Permian-aged marine strata of Western Texas.  It is unique among Permian-aged trilobites in having a posterior spine emanating from the pygidium of the adult (two such posterior spines are present in immature individuals).

Phillipsiidae
Phillipsiidae is a family of proetid trilobites, the various genera of which comprise some of the last of the trilobites, with a range that extended from the Kinderhookian epoch of the Lower Mississippian, to the end of Changhsingian age at Permian-Triassic extinction event in the latest Permian period.

Phillipsiidae is sometimes defined as a subfamily, "Phillipsiinae," and usually placed within the  family Proetidae. Jell & Adrain (2003) went so far as to lump Phillipsiidae into the family Proetidae, however other workers since like Lerosey-Aubril and Feist (2005) have continued to recognize Phillipsiidae as a distinct and separate family within Proetida.
Heiner Müller
Heiner Müller (German: [haɪnɐ ˈmʏlɐ]; 9 January 1929 – 30 December 1995) was a German (formerly East German) dramatist, poet, writer, essayist and theatre director. His "enigmatic, fragmentary pieces" are a significant contribution to postmodern drama and postdramatic theatre.

Julie Heffernan
Julie Heffernan (born 1956 in Peoria, Illinois) is an American painter whose work has been described by the writer Rebecca Solnit as "a new kind of history painting" and by The New Yorker as "ironic rococo surrealism with a social-satirical twist". Heffernan has been a Professor of Fine Arts at Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, New Jersey since 1997. She lives in New York, New York.
The Story of Tonight
"The Story of Tonight" is the fourth song from Act 1 of the musical Hamilton, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song.

Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler /ˈskaɪlər/; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854) was an American socialite and philanthropist. She was the wife of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton and was a passionate champion and defender of Hamilton's work and efforts in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States.

She was the co-founder and deputy director of Graham Windham, the first private orphanage in New York City. She is recognized as an early American philanthropist for her work with the Orphan Asylum Society.
Eleutherocercus
Eleutherocercus was a genus of glyptodonts that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene in South America. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Huayquerian Ituzaingó Formation (E. paranensis) and the Montehermosan Monte Hermoso Formation (E. antiquus) in Argentina.

Montehermosan
The Montehermosan age is a period of geologic time (6.8–4.0 Ma) within the Miocene and Pliocene epochs of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Huayquerian and precedes the Chapadmalalan age.
1698 Ambato earthquake
The 1698 Ambato earthquake affected the interior of Ecuador on 20 June at 01:00 local time. The earthquake seismic magnitude (Muk) ranged from 7.2 to 7.9. Damage was widespread and extreme in the provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. The earthquake also triggered mudflows along the Ambato River destroying a city and killing many residents. An estimated 6,500 fatalities were attributed to the shock and thousands more from the landslides.

Cotopaxi Province
Cotopaxi (Spanish pronunciation: [kotoˈpaɣsi]) is one of the provinces of Ecuador. The capital is Latacunga. The province contains the Cotopaxi volcano, an intermittent volcano with a height of 19,347 feet (5,897 m).
Winds Italia Raven
The Winds Italia Raven is an Italian powered hang glider that was designed by champion hang glider pilot Randy Haney and produced by his company Winds Italia of Bologna. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered hang glider
A foot-launched powered hang glider (FLPHG), also called powered harness, nanolight, or hangmotor, is a powered hang glider harness with a motor and propeller often in pusher configuration, although some can be found in tractor configuration. An ordinary hang glider is used for its wing and control frame, and the pilot can foot-launch from a hill or from flat ground, needing a length of about a football field to get airborne, or much less if there is an oncoming breeze and no obstacles.
NOAAS Whiting
NOAAS Whiting (S 329), was an American survey ship that was in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 2003. Previously, she had been in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1963 to 1970 as USC&GS Whiting (CSS 29).

In 2005 the ship was transferred to Mexico, and she was commissioned in the Mexican Navy as ARM Río Tuxpan (BI-12), Mexico's first dedicated hydrographic survey ship, and then renamed ARM Amealco (BI-07) in 2023.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Hilberg's hypothesis
Hilberg's hypothesis (also known as Hilberg's law) is a conjecture in quantitative linguistics or a statistical law in information theory. It states that measures of information in natural language texts or samples of particular stochastic processes grow as a sublinear power of the sample length, possibly in addition to the term that is linear. It is closely related to Zipf's law and the neural scaling law for large language models.

Quantitative linguistics
Quantitative linguistics (QL) is a sub-discipline of general linguistics and, more specifically, of mathematical linguistics. Quantitative linguistics deals with language learning, language change, and application as well as structure of natural languages.

QL investigates languages using statistical methods; its most demanding objective is the formulation of language laws and, ultimately, of a general theory of language in the sense of a set of interrelated languages laws. Synergetic linguistics was from its very beginning specifically designed for this purpose.

QL is empirically based on the results of language statistics, a field which can be interpreted as statistics of languages or as statistics of any linguistic object. This field is not necessarily connected to substantial theoretical ambitions. Corpus linguistics and computational linguistics are other fields which contribute important empirical evidence.
Schoenfels
Schoenfels (Luxembourgish: Schëndels) is a village in the commune of Mersch, in central Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village has a population of 241.  It is the location of Junction 3 of the A7 motorway, which goes from Luxembourg City to Clervaux. It is notable for Schoenfels Castle.

Clervaux
Clervaux (French: [klɛʁvo]; Luxembourgish: Clierf [kliɐ̯f] ⓘ or locally Cliärref [ˈkli̯ɛʀəf]; German: Clerf [klɛʁf]) is a commune and town in northern Luxembourg, situated in the canton of the same name.

The town's arms, granted in 1896, show three blackbirds on a gold ground in the chief of a red shield, as a variation of the arms of the former Lords of Clervaux.

As of 2025, the town of Clervaux, which lies in the southwest of the commune, has a population of 1,609.
World War II Veterans Memorial State Park
World War II Veterans Memorial State Park is a public recreation area located in the city of Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The park occupies land known as the Social flatlands where textile mills operated along the banks of the Mill River until the early years of the 20th century. Since 1979, the park has hosted the three-day Autumnfest celebration held annually on Columbus Day Weekend.

Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Woonsocket (/wʊnˈsɒkɪt, wən-/ ⓘ wuun-SOK-it, wən-), is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 43,240 at the 2020 census, making it the sixth largest city in the state. Being Rhode Island's northernmost city, Woonsocket lies directly south of the Massachusetts state line and constitutes part of both the Providence metropolitan area and the larger Greater Boston Combined Statistical Area.

The city is the corporate headquarters of CVS Health, a pharmacy services provider. It is home to Landmark Medical Center, the Museum of Work and Culture, and the American-French Genealogical Society.
Vincent S. Perez
Vicente "Vincent" Sanchez Pérez Jr. (born May 26, 1958) is a Filipino banker, environment advocate, and renewable energy investor who has served as the Philippines' secretary of energy from 2001 to 2005 under the Arroyo administration.

Department of Energy (Philippines)
The Department of Energy (DOE; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Enerhiya) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for preparing, integrating, manipulating, organizing, coordinating, supervising, and controlling all plans, programs, projects and activities of the Government relative to energy exploration, development, utilization, distribution and conservation.
Quantum sensor
Within quantum technology, a quantum sensor utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena, such as quantum superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum squeezing, to measure things. If a quantum system is measurable, and it interacts with its environment in a known way, then measurements of that system can provide information about its environment. Theoretically such sensor technology would have precision limited only by the uncertainty principle.
The field of quantum sensing deals with the design and engineering of quantum mechanical systems and measurements with potential for better performance than any classical strategy in a number of technological applications. Of the wide range of quantum mechanical systems that can be used as a quantum sensor, most can be classified as photonic systems or solid state systems.

Squeezed states of light
In quantum physics, light is in a squeezed state if its electric field strength Ԑ for some phases   has a quantum uncertainty smaller than that of a coherent state. The term squeezing thus refers to a reduced quantum uncertainty. To obey Heisenberg's uncertainty relation, a squeezed state must also have phases at which the electric field uncertainty is anti-squeezed, i.e. larger than that of a coherent state. Since 2019, the gravitational-wave observatories LIGO and Virgo employ squeezed laser light, which has significantly increased the rate of observed gravitational-wave events.
Wensley, Derbyshire
Wensley is a small village in South Darley parish in Derbyshire of limestone and gritstone properties mainly arranged along the single road which zig-zags through the village or around the square. The whole village, together with part of the adjacent Wensley Dale is a Conservation Area. Until fairly recently there was a Methodist Chapel, a village shop and two public houses, but these have all closed. The former school is now a village hall, Wensley Reading Room. Quite a few of the houses are holiday lets.

The parish church is St Mary the Virgin in the Cross Green area of Darley Bridge.

The nearest schools are South Darley Primary School, Winster Primary School, Elton Primary School and Darley Dale Primary School.  Its nearest senior schools are Lady Manners School in Bakewell and Highfields School in Matlock, Derbyshire.

The 172 bus route of Hulleys of Baslow runs from Bakewell to Matlock, via Wensley, Darley Bridge and Darley Dale.

Lady Manners School
Lady Manners School is an English secondary school located in Bakewell, a market town in the Peak District National Park, Derbyshire. It was founded on 20 May 1636 by Grace, Lady Manners, who lived at Haddon Hall, the current home of Lord and Lady Edward Manners, and has also in the past been known as the Bakewell Grammar School.