hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Resource Centre for Free/Open Source Software
National Resource Centre for Free/Open Source Software (NRCFOSS) is an organisation created and financed in India by the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Government of India in April 2005.

It is jointly administered by the Chennai Division of Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and the AU-KBC Research Centre of Anna University.

Some state governments, for example Kerala, already have programmes to popularize FOSS among the masses especially among the students. The founding of NRCFOSS is the first initiative by the Government of India in the direction of making efforts for increasing the acceptance of FOSS at a national level.  NRCFOSS is designed to give a boost to the efforts to popularize FOSS products among lay computer users of India.

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
18°33′06″N 73°49′26″E﻿ / ﻿18.551747°N 73.823750°E﻿ / 18.551747; 73.823750

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an Indian autonomous scientific society, operating under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
1975 South African Open (tennis)
The 1975 South African Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa. The men's events were part of the 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. It was the 72nd edition of the tournament and was held from 17 November through 25 November 1975. Harold Solomon and Annette du Plooy won the singles titles.

1975 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters, Davis Cup Final and Nations Cup are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.

The men's schedule started in December 1974 with the Australian Open and continued in May 1975 following the conclusion of the rival 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit which ran from January to early May.
Comparison of video codecs
Α video codec is software or a device that provides encoding and decoding for digital video, and which may or may not include the use of video compression and/or decompression. Most codecs are typically implementations of video coding formats.

The compression may employ lossy data compression, so that quality-measurement issues become important. Shortly after the compact disc became widely available as a digital-format replacement for analog audio, it became feasible to also store and use video in digital form. A variety of technologies soon emerged to do so. The primary goal for most methods of compressing video is to produce video that most closely approximates the fidelity of the original source, while simultaneously delivering the smallest file-size possible. However, there are also several other factors that can be used as a basis for comparison.

Variable bitrate
Variable bitrate (VBR) is a term used in telecommunications and computing that relates to the bitrate used in sound or video encoding.  As opposed to constant bitrate (CBR), VBR files vary the amount of output data per time segment.  VBR allows a higher bitrate (and therefore more storage space) to be allocated to the more complex segments of media files while less space is allocated to less complex segments.  The average of these rates can be calculated to produce an average bitrate for the file.

MP3, WMA and AAC audio files can optionally be encoded in VBR, while Opus and Vorbis are encoded in VBR by default. Variable bit rate encoding is also commonly used on MPEG-2 video, MPEG-4 Part 2 video (Xvid, DivX, etc.), MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264 video, Theora, Dirac and other video compression formats. Additionally, variable rate encoding is inherent in lossless compression schemes such as FLAC and Apple Lossless.
Henning Dahl Mikkelsen
Henning Dahl Mikkelsen (9 January, 1915 – June 4, 1982) was a Danish cartoonist, best known for creation of the long running newspaper comic strip Ferd'nand, which he signed as Mik.
He was born in Skive, Denmark, and began the pantomime humor strip Ferd'nand in 1936. Because it had no dialogue or captions, it soon was circulated internationally. After World War II, he came to the United States, where he continued to do the strip while also profiting from California real estate.

He became a United States citizen in 1954. In 1970, he turned the strip over to Al Plastino.

Mikkelsen died unexpectedly, from a heart attack, in 1982 at age 67. He lived in Hemet, California and is buried at the San Jacinto Valley Cemetery in San Jacinto, California.

Al Plastino
Alfred John Plastino (December 15, 1921 – November 25, 2013) was an American comics artist best known as one of the most prolific Superman artists of the 1950s, along with his DC Comics colleague Wayne Boring. Plastino also worked as a comics writer, editor, letterer, and colorist.

With writer Otto Binder, he co-created the DC characters Supergirl and Brainiac, as well as the teenage team the Legion of Super-Heroes.
1956 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1956 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 26 August 1956 at Manning Park in Passage West, between Glen Rover and Carrigaline, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Glen Rovers won the match by 1–11 to 1–03 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in two years.

1954 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1954 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 45th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 19 September 1954 at Carrigaline Sportsfield, between Glen Rovers and Ballymartle, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Glen Rovers won the match by 4–07 to 4–02 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 31 years.
Ghost stations of the Paris Métro
Ghost stations of the Paris Métro are stations that have been closed to the public (or never opened) and are not used in commercial service. For historical, geographical or economical reasons, many stations on the Paris Métro have been closed or never opened, made inaccessible and lie unused, conferring a sense of mystery over Parisians and sparking interest of the Urban explorers.

The majority of these ghost stations were closed when France entered World War II in September 1939, with some closed ever since. Others have been reused or disappeared completely as the network evolved. Five stations were constructed but never actually used, and today still lie inaccessible to the public. Three others were designed but were never serviced by a Métro line.

Cluny–La Sorbonne station
Cluny–La Sorbonne (French pronunciation: [klyni la sɔʁbɔn]) is a station on Line 10 of the Paris Métro. Located in the 5th arrondissement, it serves the Latin Quarter on the Rive Gauche. The station is connected to the Saint-Michel–Notre-Dame on RER B and RER C. In 2013, the station was used by 2,509,657 passengers, making it the 219th busiest out of 302 on the Métro network.
XZ Utils backdoor
In February 2024, a malicious backdoor was introduced to the Linux build of the xz utility within the liblzma library in versions 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 by an account using the name "Jia Tan". The backdoor gives an attacker who possesses a specific Ed448 private key remote code execution through OpenSSH on the affected Linux system. The issue has been given the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures number CVE-2024-3094 and has been assigned a CVSS score of 10.0, the highest possible score.

While xz is commonly present in most Linux distributions, at the time of discovery the backdoored version had not yet been widely deployed to production systems, but was present in development versions of major distributions. The backdoor was discovered by the software developer Andres Freund, who announced his findings on 29 March 2024.

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system, originally Common Vulnerability Enumeration, provides a reference method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures. The United States' Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute FFRDC, operated by The MITRE Corporation, maintains the system, with funding from the US National Cyber Security Division of the US Department of Homeland Security. The system was officially launched for the public in September 1999.

The Security Content Automation Protocol uses CVE, and CVE IDs are listed on MITRE's system as well as the basis for the US National Vulnerability Database.
Veissella
Veissella is a genus of African jumping spiders that was first described by F. R. Wanless in 1984.

"The genus name is an arbitrary combination of letters; the gender is considered feminine".

Female V. durbani guarding eggs

Male V. durbani

Juvenile female V. durbani

Juvenile female V. durbani

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Kirton, Suffolk
Kirton is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England, situated off the A14 road, about 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from Felixstowe and around 10 km (6.2 mi) from Ipswich. The closest train station to Kirton is Trimley. According to the 2011 census, Kirton had a population of 1,146. It is located between the River Deben and the River Orwell. The village of Kirton covers a total area of 8.3 km2 (3.2 sq mi). As the county of Suffolk lacks quarries, many of the buildings are made from flint, clay and timber.

Kirton and Falkenham share the Parish Council, the school, the Village Hall, and most of the organisations. Kirton has a church and it also has access to a primary school.

Felixstowe
Felixstowe (/ˈfiːlɪkstoʊ/ FEE-lic-stoh) is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The estimated population in 2017 was 24,521. The Port of Felixstowe is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. Felixstowe is approximately 72 miles (116 km) northeast of London.
Hackensack Drawbridge
The Hackensack Drawbridge (also known as the HD Draw) was a double-track railroad movable bridge across the mouth of the Hackensack River between Jersey City and
Kearny, New Jersey. It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.

Built and maintained by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), the bridge was part of the Newark and New York Branch, a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for Trains. Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at Newark and Jersey City, where passengers could transfer to ferries to New York. It also crossed the Passaic River and the Kearny Point peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in Harrison.

Kearny, New Jersey
Kearny (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a town in the western part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and a suburb of Newark. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 41,999, an increase of 1,315 (+3.2%) from the 2010 census count of 40,684, which in turn reflected an increase of 171 (+0.4%) from the 40,513 counted in the 2000 census.

Kearny is named after Civil War general Philip Kearny. It began as a township formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township. Portions of the township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark. Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. The Arlington section of town was named for Arlington Station on the Erie Railroad at the Arlington Mill plant, owned by Arlington Mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Sundene
Sundene is a village in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located on the island of Tjøme, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the north of the village of Tjøme, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the north of the village of Svelvik, and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest of the village of Grimestad. A bridge connects Sundene with the village of Kjøpmannskjær which lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the northwest on the island of Nøtterøy.

The village of Sundene and the surrounding countryside had a population (in 2007) of 345.

Nøtterøy (island)
Nøtterøy is the largest island in Vestfold county, Norway. The 44-square-kilometre (17 sq mi) island is mostly located in Færder Municipality, but a small area on the far northern shore belongs to Tønsberg Municipality. The island is between the Ytre Oslofjord (to the east) and the Tønsbergfjorden (to the west). Most of the northern part of the island is considered part of the city of Tønsberg metropolitan area which spans parts of Tønsberg and Færder municipalities. In the southern part of the island, there are three larger urban villages: Glomstein on the west coast, Kjøpmannskjær on the south coast, and Årøysund on the east coast. Historically, the island was part of the old Nøtterøy Municipality which existed from 1838 until 1 January 2018 when it became part of Færder Municipality.
Savior (gamer)
Ma Jae-yoon (Korean: 마재윤; Hanja: 馬在允), known by the pseudonym sAviOr (previously IPXZerg), and dubbed "The Maestro", is a former professional South Korean e-sports gamer of the real-time strategy game StarCraft. He played the Zerg race and was one of the most successful and popular players of all time. Savior was one of several players implicated in the 2010 match fixing scandal, and as a result he was banned from KeSPA-run competition for life. After retiring as a pro-gamer, sAviOr began streaming on AfreecaTV, but AfreecaTV made the decision to ban several players implicated in match-fixing offenses from the platform, including sAviOr. Ma Jae-yoon was a member of CJ Entus, a professional StarCraft: Brood War e-sports team sponsored by CJ CGV, an entertainment subsidiary of the CJ Corporation.

OGN Entus
OGN Entus  was a South Korean esports organization . It formerly had teams competing in League of Legends, StarCraft II, Warcraft 3,Clash Royale, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds and Special Force 2. OGN Entus was established in April 2001 as a StarCraft: Brood War team named ProSuma. In April 2006, the CJ Group chaebol obtained the team's naming rights and it began competing in the StarCraft Proleague as CJ Entus. On May 24, 2012, CJ Entus created a League of Legends team to compete in the League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK), then known as Ongamenet The Champions league. CJ Entus was renamed OGN Entus on February 1, 2018.
EuroBasket 2011 knockout stage
The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between 14 and 18 September 2011. All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas. The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final.

EuroBasket 2011
EuroBasket 2011 was the 37th men's European Basketball Championship, held by FIBA Europe. The competition was hosted by Lithuania. This was the second time EuroBasket had been held in Lithuania, the country having also hosted the 1939 championship. FIBA Europe asserted that Lithuania managed to organize the best European championship in its history. The top two teams are guaranteed spots at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

EuroBasket 2011 was the largest sporting event in the history of the Baltic states, both in terms of the number of national teams (24), games (90), and that of spectators (158,000 tickets sold, with most tickets valid for three separate games.)

Spain won the title for the second consecutive tournament, after defeating France, by a score of 98–85 in the final. Spain's Juan Carlos Navarro was the tournament's MVP.
Kurów-Parcel
Kurów-Parcel [ˈkuruf ˈpart͡sɛl] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oporów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Oporów, 14 km (9 mi) northeast of Kutno, and 57 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Oporów, Łódź Voivodeship
Oporów [ɔˈpɔruf] is a village in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Oporów. It's 14 km (9 mi) east of Kutno and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
Šentvid pri Planini
Šentvid pri Planini (pronounced [sɛnˈtʋiːt pɾi plaˈniːni] or [sənˈtʋiːt pɾi plaˈniːni]) is a village east of Planina pri Sevnici in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Planina pri Sevnici
Planina pri Sevnici (pronounced [plaˈnìːna pɾi ˈséːwnitsi]) is a village, one of the most populous settlements in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Margaret and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It is a 15th-century building, extended in around 1700. Above the settlement are the ruins of a 12th-century castle, abandoned in 1884.
Thorpe in Balne
Thorpe in Balne is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England.  It had a population of 176 at the 2001 census, increasing to 203 at the 2011 Census.

A moated site with a chapel and a fishpond near the manor house is a Grade II* listed monument. The chapel once served as the village church. Another moated site in the civil parish is located at Tilts.

Residents of Thorpe in Balne were asked to evacuate their homes during the 2019 United Kingdom floods.

Tilts
Tilts is a hamlet in the City of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, some 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Doncaster city centre and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Askern. Aside from some farms, there is a moated site which is a scheduled monument.
Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Mixed 50 metre running target
The mixed 50 metre running target was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. The competition was held on 23 to 24 July 1980 at the shooting ranges in Moscow. 19 shooters from 10 nations competed.

Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at the Dynamo Shooting Range in Mytishchi in eastern part of Moscow between 20 and 26 July. Seven events were contested. Although events were mixed, i.e. open to both men and women, all medals were swept by men, and there were only 5 women competing compared to 77 in Los Angeles 1984, which introduced separate female events.
28th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 28th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. The brigade was formed in March 1941, at Secunderabad in India and assigned to the 6th Indian Infantry Division. In September 1941, the brigade was sent to Malaya. Coming under command III Indian Corps and 11th Indian Infantry Division the brigade surrendered with the rest of the Commonwealth forces during the Battle of Singapore on 15 February 1942.

16th Punjab Regiment
The 16th Punjab Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. Upon the Partition of India, it was transferred to the newly-raised Pakistan Army. It ceased to exist in this form in 1956, when it was amalgamated with the 1st, 14th and 15th Punjab regiments to form the Punjab Regiment, an existing infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army.
Under-reporting
Under-reporting usually refers to some issue, incident, statistic, etc., that individuals, responsible agencies, or news media have not reported, or have reported as less than the actual level or amount. Under-reporting of crimes, for example, makes it hard to figure the actual incidence of crimes.

Under-reporting is a failure in data reporting.

Revenge
Revenge is defined as committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Vengeful forms of justice, such as primitive justice or retributive justice, are often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice or restorative justice.
Proximity of blood
Proximity of blood, or proximity by degree of kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary succession based on genealogy. In effect, the application of this rule is a refusal to recognize the right of representation, a component of primogeniture.

Grey: incumbent

Square: male

Circle: female

Black: deceased

Diagonal: cannot be displaced

In some feudal entities, proximity of blood was a generally accepted principle. For example, according to the "ancient custom" (French: ancienne coutume) in the Duchy of Burgundy, a grandson could not take precedence over a son or daughter, and it was not even clear whether the ruler's grandson could claim precedence over the ruler's brother.

Hereditary title
Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are nobility titles, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.

Though both monarchs and nobles usually inherit their titles, the mechanisms often differ, even in the same country. The British crown has been inheritable by women since the medieval era (in the absence of brothers), while the vast majority of hereditary noble titles granted by British sovereigns are not inheritable by daughters.
Aterigena
Aterigena is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of Tegenaria. It was created in 2010 for a group of Tegenaria and Malthonica species that formed a clade in a phylogenetic analysis. The genus was later found to be monophyletic, further separating Eratigena from Tegenaria and Malthonica.

Tegenaria
Tegenaria is a genus of fast-running funnel weavers that occupy much of the Northern Hemisphere except for Japan and Indonesia. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, though many of its species have been moved elsewhere. The majority of these were moved to Eratigena, including the giant house spider (Eratigena atrica) and the hobo spider (Eratigena agrestis).