hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway
The Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway (MCX), signed as E2 of the Philippine expressway network, is a 4-kilometer-long (2.5 mi) controlled-access toll expressway linking the southern province of Cavite to Muntinlupa in the Philippines.

Opened to traffic on July 24, 2015, it is currently the shortest expressway in the Philippines. It connects the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) to Daang Hari and Daang Reyna near Las Piñas and Bacoor.

San Miguel Corporation
San Miguel Corporation (Tagalog pronunciation: [sɐn mɪˈɡɛl]), abbreviated as SMC, is a Philippine multinational conglomerate with headquarters in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The company is one of the largest and most diversified conglomerates in the Philippines. Originally founded in 1890 as a brewery, San Miguel has ventured beyond its core business, with investments in various sectors such as food and drink, finance, infrastructure, oil and energy, transportation, and real estate.

Its flagship product, San Miguel Beer, is one of the best selling beers in the world. San Miguel's manufacturing operations have extended beyond its home market to areas such as Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Australia. In total, its products are exported to 60 markets around the world.
Horizontalism
Horizontalism is an approach to money creation theory pioneered by Basil Moore which states that private bank reserves are not managed by central banks. Instead reserves will be provided on demand at the bank rate set by the central bank. This inverts the mainstream textbook money multiplier relationship between deposits and loans since loans are said to cause deposits which in turn cause reserves.

Horizontalism influenced monetary circuit theorists to develop the endogenous money approach that was already nascent within post-Keynesian academic thought. It states that an increasing demand for loans by bank customers leads to banks making more loans and creating more deposits, without regard to the size of the bank's available reserves. Thus credit money created by private banks can be seen to be leveraging of those reserves without the guidance of a particular leverage ratio, i.e. horizontal leveraging.

Monetary circuit theory
Monetary circuit theory is a heterodox theory of monetary economics, particularly money creation, often associated with the post-Keynesian school.
It holds that money is created endogenously by the banking sector, rather than exogenously by central bank lending; it is a theory of endogenous money. It is also called circuitism and the circulation approach.
Ostrivske
Ostrivske (Ukrainian: Острівське;  Russian: Островское) is a rural settlement near Kurakhove in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. It was captured by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in October 2024.

Kurakhove
Kurakhove (Ukrainian: Курахове, pronounced [kʊˈrɑxowe] ⓘ; Russian: Курахово, romanized: Kurakhovo, Russian pronunciation: [kʊˈraxəvə]) is a city in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Population: 18,220 (2022 estimate); 21,479 (2001). Kurakhove is home to the Kurakhove Power Station. The city has been under Russian occupation since December 2024, the power station since January 2025.
Rotunda of St. George, Skalica
The Rotunda of St. George (Slovak: Rotunda svätého Juraja) also known as the Chapel of St. George is a rotunda building built in the early Romanesque style, probably in the 11th century. It was later rebuilt in the Gothic and Baroque styles. The Rotunda is considered a symbol of Skalica.

Field inspections and subsequent archaeological research, which took place here in 1974, 1976-1980, showed that the Rontuda of St. George was built in the early Middle Ages and that the width of the walls, the circular nave and the horseshoe-shaped apse are completely identical in size to the rotunda in Ducové.

The exact date of the rotunda's construction is not yet known. Its architecture follows the type of Bohemian and Moravian rotundas and, together with historical circumstances, suggests that its construction dates back to the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century.

Ducové
Ducové (Hungarian: Ducó) is a municipality (village) situated in western Slovakia, near the spa town of Piešťany. It was part of the municipality Moravany nad Váhom from 1976 to 1992. The village lies under the Váh Inovec. According to the 2011 census, the municipality had 375 inhabitants. 365 of inhabitants were Slovaks and 10 others and unspecified.
Stapelia grandiflora
Stapelia grandiflora is a species of flowering plant in the genus Stapelia of the family Apocynaceae. It is commonly referred to as the carrion plant, starfish flower, giant toad plant, or starfish cactus, although it is not related to cacti at all.  This "carrion plant" nickname can also refer to similar Stapelia species as well as members of related genera, including Stapelia gigantea and Orbea variegata. Stapelia grandiflora sometimes also goes by the name of Stapelia flavirostris. The plant is native to South Africa, including the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Free State.

Stapelia
Stapelia is a genus of low-growing, spineless, stem succulent plants, predominantly from South Africa with a few from other parts of Africa. Several Asian and Latin American species were formerly included but they have all now been transferred to other genera. The flowers of certain species, most notably Stapelia gigantea, can reach 41 cm (16 inches) in diameter when fully open. Most Stapelia flowers are visibly hairy and generate the odor of rotten flesh when they bloom.
Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System
The Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System (STSDAS) is an IRAF-based suite of astronomical software for reducing and analyzing astronomical data.  It contains general purpose tools and packages for processing data from the Hubble Space Telescope. STSDAS is produced by Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI).  The STSDAS software is generally in the public domain, however some routines were taken from the Numerical Recipes and other books and cannot freely distributed.

In 2018, STScI stopped support of IRAF and STSDAS and suggested migrating to Astropy. For the support of the Gemini IRAF legacy pipeline, selected tasks of STSDAS are still maintained by NOIRLab in the st4gem package.

Astropy
Astropy is a collection of software packages written in the Python programming language and designed for use in astronomy. The software is a single, free, core package for astronomical utilities due to the increasingly widespread usage of Python by astronomers, and to foster interoperability between various extant Python astronomy packages. Astropy is included in several large Python distributions; it is listed in package managers for Linux and macOS, the Anaconda Python Distribution, Enthought Canopy and Ureka.
Indiana Jones (comics)
The Indiana Jones franchise has appeared in many comic books. Marvel Comics initially held the comic book licensing rights before they were acquired by Dark Horse Comics in 1990. Marvel published adaptations of the films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, while Dark Horse adapted the Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis video game, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series, and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.

Marvel also published The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones from 1983 to 1986, which were the first original adventures featuring the character in comic book form. From 1992 to 1996, following the Fate of Atlantis adaptation, Dark Horse published seven limited series. With the franchise's revival in 2008 due to the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Dark Horse published further series, including one aimed at children.

Titan Publishing Group
Titan Publishing Group is the publishing division of the British entertainment company Titan Entertainment, which was established as Titan Books in 1981. The books division has two main areas of publishing: film and television tie-ins and cinema reference books; and graphic novels and comics references and art titles. Its imprints are Titan Books, Titan Comics, Titan Magazines and Titan Manga.
Descendants of Ibn Saud
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (1875–1953), the founder and first king of Saudi Arabia, also called Ibn Saud, was young when he first married. However, his wife died shortly after their marriage. Ibn Saud remarried at eighteen and his firstborn child was Prince Turki I. He had 45 sons of whom 36 survived to adulthood and had children of their own. He also had many daughters. He is thought to have had 22 wives.

Abdul Rahman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Abdul Rahman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عبد العزيز آل سعود, ʿAbd ar Raḥman ibn ʿAbd al ʿAzīz Āl Suʿūd; 1931 – 13 July 2017) was a senior member of the House of Saud and Saudi Arabian deputy minister of defense and aviation. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living member of the Sudairi Seven.
The Nest Club
The Nest Club was a cabaret in Harlem, more specifically an afterhours club, at 169 West 133rd Street – a street known then both as "Swing Street" and "Jungle Alley" – two doors east of Seventh Avenue, downstairs. The club, operating under the auspices of The Nest Club, Inc., was founded in 1923, co-owned, and operated by John C. Carey (né John Clifford Carey; 1889–1956) and Mal Frazier (né Melville Hunter Frazier; 1888–1967). The club flourished through 1933. The U.S. Prohibition — a nationwide ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages — ran from 1920 to 1933. The club faced a formidable challenge to its viability following the Great Crash of October 1929, followed by the Great Depression that bottomed around March 1933.

Mae Barnes
Mae Barnes (born Edith Mae Stith, possibly January 23, 1907 – December 13, 1996) was an American jazz singer, dancer and comic entertainer. She was responsible for introducing the Charleston dance to Broadway in the 1924 revue Runnin' Wild. After her career as a dancer ended, she became a successful nightclub singer and recording artist.
Wrestling Federation of Armenia
The Wrestling Federation of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի ըմբշամարտի ֆեդերացիա), is the regulating body of wrestling in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Armenian Olympic Committee
The Armenian Olympic Committee (ARMNOC; Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային օլիմպիական կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Olimpiakan Komite; IOC Code: ARM) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for Armenia's participation in the Olympic Games. It is headquartered in Yerevan.
Chamorro language
Chamorro is an Austronesian language spoken by about 58,000 people, numbering about 25,800 on Guam and about 32,200 in the Northern Mariana Islands and elsewhere.

It is the historic native language of the Chamorro people, who are indigenous to the Mariana Islands, although it is less commonly spoken today than in the past. Chamorro has three distinct dialects: Guamanian, Rotanese, and that in the other Northern Mariana Islands (NMI).

Near-open front unrounded vowel
The near-open front unrounded vowel, or near-low front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨æ⟩, a lowercase of the ⟨Æ⟩ ligature. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".

The rounded counterpart of [æ], the near-open front rounded vowel (for which the IPA provides no separate symbol) has been reported to occur allophonically in Danish; see open front rounded vowel for more information.

In practice, ⟨æ⟩ is sometimes used to represent the open front unrounded vowel; see the introduction to that page for more information.

In IPA transcriptions of Hungarian and Valencian, this vowel is typically written with ⟨ɛ⟩.
Batang River (Sichuan)
The Batang (Chinese: 巴塘河, p Batánghé) or Ba Chu (Chinese: 巴曲, p Baqū; Tibetan: དཔལ་ཆུ།, w Dpal Chu, z Bä Qu) is an 140-kilometer (87 mi) long river in Sichuan province in the People's Republic of China. It is located near Batang town (巴塘镇), not the Batang township (巴搪乡) near Gyêgu in Qinghai.

The Batang is a tributary of the Yangtze river system. The main course of the river is the Jinsha, into which the Batang empties. Its watershed covers 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi); its average flow is 54 m3 per second.

Jinsha River
The Jinsha River (Chinese: 金沙江; pinyin: Jīnshājiāng; lit. 'Gold Sand River', Tibetan: Dri Chu, འབྲི་ཆུ, Yi: ꀉꉷꏁꒉ, romanized: Axhuo Shyxyy) is the Chinese name for the upper stretches of the Yangtze River. It flows through the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan in western China. The river passes through Tiger Leaping Gorge.

It is sometimes grouped together with the Lancang (upper Mekong) and Nu (upper Salween) as the Sanjiang ("Three Rivers") area, part of which makes up the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas.

The river is important in generating hydroelectric power, and several of the world's largest hydroelectric power stations are on the Jinsha river.
Richard W. Cottle
Richard W. Cottle (29 June 1934) is an American mathematician. He was a professor of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University, starting as an Acting Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering in 1966 and retiring in 2005. He is notable for his work on mathematical programming/optimization, “Nonlinear programs”, the proposal of the linear complementarity problem, and the general field of operations research.

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS).

The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations.

INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho.
Marte Olsbu Røiseland
Marte Olsbu Røiseland (born 7 December 1990) is a former Norwegian biathlete and 3 time Winter Olympic gold medalist. In addition, she won two Olympic silver medals and two bronze medals. Her world championships achievements include winning two gold medals and eleven relay victories. She won the overall Biathlon World Cup in 2022.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Nokia Nseries
The Nokia Nseries was a high-end lineup of feature phones, smartphones, and tablets marketed by Nokia Corporation from 2005 to 2011. The Nseries devices commonly supported multiple high-speed wireless technologies at the time, such as 3G, or Wireless LAN. Digital multimedia services, such as music playback, photo/video capture or viewing, gaming or internet services were the central focus of the lineup. The lineup was replaced in 2011 by the Nokia Lumia line as the company's primary smartphone lineup.

The Nokia N1 tablet was introduced in November 2014 and so revived the 'N' prefix, but it was not marketed as 'Nseries'.

Nokia N9
The Nokia N9 (codename Lankku) is a flagship smartphone developed by Nokia, running on the Linux-based MeeGo mobile operating system. Announced in June 2011 and released in September, it was the first and only device from Nokia with MeeGo, partly because of the company's partnership with Microsoft announced that year. It was initially released in three colors: black, cyan and magenta, before a white version was announced at Nokia World 2011.

Despite a limited release, the N9 received widespread critical acclaim, with some describing it as Nokia's finest device to date. It was praised for both its software and hardware, including the MeeGo operating system, buttonless 'swipe' user interface, and its high-end features. The case would be reused for the Windows Phone-powered Nokia Lumia 800 which was released later that year.
Bird: The Complete Charlie Parker on Verve
Bird: The Complete Charlie Parker on Verve is a 1990 box-set by jazz musician Charlie Parker.  It features every extant note Parker recorded for labels controlled by Norman Granz (unified under the name Verve in 1956, the year after Parker died) as well as his appearances at Jazz at the Philharmonic.  Parker recorded for Granz primarily in the last five years of his life, a period during which, besides playing with his famous quintet, he experimented with strings, Afro-Cuban jazz and mixed chorus.  Among the albums produced during Parker’s Verve years were Bird & Diz, Charlie Parker with Strings, and Swedish Schnapps.

Charlie Parker with Strings
Charlie Parker with Strings is a 1955 compilation album by American jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker released on Clef in 1955. The album compiles two 10" albums, Charlie Parker with Strings and Charlie Parker with Strings #2, originally released in 1950 on Mercury. It was reissued in 1956 by Columbia as April in Paris—credited to Charlie Parker with Strings—and by Verve in 1957 as April in Paris: The Genius of Charlie Parker #2. Verve also issued the complete master takes on January 24, 1995 as Charlie Parker with Strings: The Master Takes. The sessions place Parker in the context of a small classical string section and a jazz rhythm section, rather than his standard bebop quintet. They were Parker's most popular sellers during his lifetime, and were admitted to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1988.
Unión Minas
Unión Minas is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Cerro de Pasco. The club was founded in 1974 and plays in the Peruvian Segunda División after winning the Copa Perú for the first time in 2025.

Alianza Universidad
Club Social Deportivo y Cultural Alianza Universidad de Huánuco, popularly known as Alianza Universidad or Alianza Huanuco, is a Peruvian professional football club, based in the city of Huánuco. The club was founded in 1939 under a merger between Sport Grau and Jorge Chávez in Huánuco. They currently play in the Peruvian Primera División, the top tier of Peruvian football, after gaining promotion from winning the 2024 Liga 2 for the first time.

Alianza Universidad are 8 time Liga Departamental de Huánuco winners, 2 time Districal and Provincial winners, and 3 time Region V winners. They were also runners-up of the 2018 Copa Perú and won the Liga 2 for the first time in 2024. Alianza Universidad has had a longstanding rivalry with León de Huánuco called the Clásico Huanuqueño.

The club plays their home games at Estadio Heraclio Tapia in their home city Huánuco. Opened in 1972, the stadium has a capacity of 25,000 and the club shares the stadium with rivals León de Huánuco.
Cantonese Transliteration Scheme
The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme (simplified Chinese: 广州话拼音方案; traditional Chinese: 廣州話拼音方案; pinyin: Guǎngzhōuhuà Pīnyīn Fāng'àn), sometimes called Rao's romanization, is the romanisation for Cantonese published at part of the Guangdong Romanization by the Guangdong Education department in 1960, and further revised by Rao Bingcai in 1980. It is referred to as the Canton Romanization on the LSHK character database.

The system is not used in Hong Kong where romanization schemes such as Hong Kong Government, Yale, ILE, and Jyutping are popular, though it can be seen in works released in the People's Republic of China regarding Cantonese. Some of the non-professional Guangzhou-language tutorials and dictionaries currently published in mainland China also use this scheme.

ILE romanization of Cantonese
The Institute of Language in Education Scheme (Chinese: 教院式拼音方案) also known as the List of Cantonese Pronunciation of Commonly-used Chinese Characters romanization scheme (常用字廣州話讀音表), ILE scheme, and Cantonese Pinyin, is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by Ping-Chiu Thomas Yu (Chinese: 余秉昭) in 1971, and subsequently modified by the Education Department of Hong Kong (now the Education Bureau) and Zhan Bohui (詹伯慧) of the Chinese Dialects Research Centre of the Jinan University, Guangdong, PRC, and honorary professor of the School of Chinese, University of Hong Kong. It is the only romanization system accepted by Education and Manpower Bureau of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority.

The Institute of Education in its name refers to the Institute of Language in Education: 487  (語文教育學院: 423 ), which later became part of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, now the Education University of Hong Kong.
Epiphron
In Greek mythology, Epiphron (/ˈɛpɪfrɒn/ EP-if-ron; Ancient Greek: Ἐπίφρων [epípʰrɔːn], lit. 'prudence, care') was the daimon or spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness, and sagacity. According to Hyginus, Epiphron was the son of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox (Night, the Roman equivalent of Nyx).

Erebus
In Greek mythology, Erebus (/ˈɛrəbəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἔρεβος, romanized: Érebos, lit. 'darkness, gloom'), or Erebos, is the personification of darkness. In Hesiod's Theogony, he is the offspring of Chaos, and the father of Aether and Hemera (Day) by Nyx (Night); in other Greek cosmogonies, he is the father of Aether, Eros, and Metis, or the first ruler of the gods. In genealogies given by Roman authors, he begets a large progeny of personifications upon Nox (the Roman equivalent of Nyx), while in an Orphic theogony, he is the offspring of Chronos (Time).

The name "Erebus" is also used to refer either to the darkness of the underworld, the underworld itself, or the region through which souls pass to reach the underworld, and can sometimes be used as a synonym for Tartarus or Hades.
Kercheche
Kercheche (Ge'ez: ቀርጨጬ) or (Wolaytta: Qarccacciya) is a town in Diguna Fango woreda, Wolayita Zone of South Ethiopia Regional State. Kercheche is about 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Bedessa and about 8 km (5.0 mi) southwest of Bitena on the road of Sodo-Dimtu Hawassa. The approximate distance from the city of Addis Ababa to the town is 362 km (225 mi) on Addis-Hawassa-Dimtu-Sodo road. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Sodo, the capital of Wolayita Zone. The coordinate point of Kercheche lies between 6°57'21"N 37°59'29"E. The amenities in the town are 24-hours electric light, pure water service, kindergarten, primary school, high school, all time market, health stations and others. Kercheche has also dry weather and all weather roads which connect it to other surrounding areas.

Bedessa, Wolaita
Bedessa (Geʽez: በዴሳ, Wolayttattuwa: Baddeessa) is a town and separate district in Wolayita Zone of the South Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia.  The town is administrative capital of Damot Weyde district of Wolayita Zone, Ethiopia. Bedessa is located about 373 KM away from Addis Ababa to the south on Sodo-Dimtu-Hawassa road, and 21 KM away from Sodo, the capital of Wolaita Zone. The amenities in the town are, 24 hours electricity, pure public water, banks, schools, postal service, telecommunications services and others. The town has a wire bridge which connects the town with other surrounding communities. Bedessa lies between 6°52'58.9"N 37°55'58.5"E.