hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Frederick (c. 1357 – 5 June 1400), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1373 until his death. In May 1400, he unsuccessfully stood as a candidate for the election as German king-elect at Frankfurt, in opposition to Wenceslaus of Luxembourg, and was murdered on his way home.

Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
Wenceslaus IV (also spelled Wenceslas Czech: Václav; German: Wenzel; nicknamed the Idle; also known as Wenceslaus of Luxembourg; 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419) was King of Bohemia from 1378 until his death and King of Germany from 1376 until he was deposed in 1400. As he belonged to the House of Luxembourg, he was also Duke of Luxembourg from 1383 to 1388.
2024 Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger
The 2024 Jonathan Fried Pro Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the 15th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour, taking place in Charlottesville, United States from October 28 and November 3, 2024.

Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger
The Jonathan Fried Pro Challenger (previously Charlottesville Men's Pro Challenger) is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and held annually in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, since 2009.
NGC 5597
NGC 5597 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Libra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2,956±18 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 142.2 ± 10.0 Mly (43.59 ± 3.06 Mpc). However, one non-redshift measurement gives a much closer distance estimate of 125.90 Mly (38.600 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 14 May 1784.

NGC 5597 is a Seyfert I galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.

Libra (constellation)
Libra /ˈliːbrə/ is a constellation of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for weighing scales. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♎︎).  It is fairly faint, with no first magnitude stars, and lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east. Beta Librae, also known as Zubeneschamali, is the brightest star in the constellation. Three star systems are known to have planets.
2020–21 King Mindaugas Cup
The 2020–21 King Mindaugas Cup, also known as Citadele Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė for sponsorship purposes, was the sixth edition of the Lithuanian King Mindaugas Cup basketball competition. Žalgiris successfully defended the title after defeating Lietkabelis in the final 76–69.

BC Neptūnas
Basketball Club Neptūnas (Lithuanian: Krepšinio klubas Neptūnas), commonly known as Neptūnas or Neptūnas Klaipėda, is a Lithuanian professional basketball club based in Klaipėda, Lithuania. The club participates in the Lithuanian Basketball League. It was founded in 1962 under the name BC Maistas (English: food) and in 1964, BC Maistas's name was changed to BC Neptūnas. The club carries the name of the Roman sea god Neptune. Neptūnas participated in the 2014–15 EuroLeague season and is only the third Lithuanian club to participate in the premier European basketball league, after Žalgiris and Rytas.
William Jackson (bishop)
William Jackson (1751 – 2 December 1815, Cuddesdon) was an Anglican bishop, serving as Bishop of Oxford (as second choice after his elder brother Cyril Jackson refused the post) and Clerk of the Closet.

Jackson was educated at Manchester Grammar School, Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford (where his tutors included Francis Atterbury). He served as Regius Professor of Greek from 1783 to 1811.

He was a popular, convivial and hospitable man with something of a reputation for hard drinking. Spencer Perceval, the Prime Minister, questioned his suitability on that ground; but the Prince Regent, who was a friend of Jackson's replied that he could see no objection to a Bishop eating well and drinking port.

Bishop of Oxford
The Bishop of Oxford is the diocesan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford in the Province of Canterbury; his seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. The current bishop is Steven Croft, following the confirmation of his election to the See on 6 July 2016.

The Bishop of Oxford has authority throughout the diocese, but also has primary responsibility for the city and suburbs of Oxford, which form the Archdeaconry of Oxford.

From 1636 the Bishop was housed in the purpose-built Cuddesdon Palace.
Finchley Catholic High School
Finchley Catholic High School is a boys' secondary school with a coeducational sixth form in North Finchley, part of the London Borough of Barnet, England & the diocese of Westminster (Roman Catholic Church). The current head teacher is Ciran Stapleton.

Saint Alban
Saint Alban (/ˈɔːlbən, ˈæl-/; Latin: Albanus) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, for which reason he is considered to be the protomartyr of Britain. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from Roman Britain (Amphibalus was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in Verulamium (modern-day St Albans) sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, and has been celebrated there since ancient times.
Battle of Piedmont
The Battle of Piedmont was fought June 5, 1864, in the village of Piedmont, Augusta County, Virginia. Union Major Geneneral David Hunter engaged Confederates under Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones north of Piedmont. After severe fighting, Jones was killed and the Confederates were routed. Hunter occupied Staunton on June 6 and soon began to advance on Lynchburg, destroying military stores and public property in his wake.

Staunton, Virginia
Staunton (/ˈstæntən/ STAN-tən) is an independent city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,750. In Virginia, independent cities are separate jurisdictions from the counties that surround them, so the government offices of Augusta County are in Verona, which is contiguous to Staunton. Staunton is a principal city of the Staunton-Stuarts Draft Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 125,433. Staunton is known for being the birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, and as the home of Mary Baldwin University, historically a women's college. The city is also home to Stuart Hall, a private co-ed preparatory school, as well as the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind. It was the first city in the United States with a fully defined city manager system.
Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine, and Storage
The Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine, and Storage is an agency of the Plant Protection Division of the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, in the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare of the Government of India.

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (कृषि एवं किसान कल्याण मन्त्रालय Kr̥ṣi ēvaṁ Kisāna Kalyāṇa Mantrālaya), formerly the Ministry of Agriculture, is a branch of the Government of India and the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws related to agriculture in India. The three broad areas of scope for the Ministry are agriculture, food processing and co-operation. The agriculture ministry is headed by the Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare which is currently held by Shivraj Singh Chouhan. Kailash Choudhary and Shobha Karandlaje are the Ministers of State. Sharad Pawar, serving from 22 May 2004 to 26 May 2014, has held the office of Minister of Agriculture for the longest continuous period till date.
Laval Prédateurs
The Laval Prédateurs were an ice hockey team based in Laval, Quebec which competed in the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey (LNAH) from 2013 to 2017. Their home arena was the historic Colisée de Laval, built in 1954 and nicknamed the "House of Pain", which seats 3500 spectators. The team originated in the city of Salaberry-de-Valleyfield as the Valleyfield Braves but relocated to Laval due to lackluster attendance and financial issues. The team finished the 2013–14 season as the Laval Braves before being renamed the Laval Laval Prédateurs for the start of the 2014–15 season. On May 31, 2017, it was announced that the Laval Prédateurs would cease operations.

Jonquière Marquis
Les Marquis De Jonquière or the Jonquière Marquis are a professional ice hockey team in the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey (LNAH), which is based in the province of Quebec. They play at the Palais des Sports. The team has a long hockey history and have been known as Gladiateurs (1996–1997), Chiefs (1997–2008) and Marquis (2009–present).
Swimming at the Asian Games
Swimming has been a regular Asian Games sport since the first edition in 1951. Swimming has been the most gold medal sport event next to Athletics, with 41 of 465 gold medals in 2018 edition.

As of the last edition of the Games held in 2023, China is the most successful team in this sport event, with South Korea following in second place. Singapore was the best nation in the inaugural event, and are now fourth in terms of gold medals won.

Athletics at the Asian Games
Athletics is an Asian Games event since 1951 in New Delhi, India. Among major athletics tournaments of the region, it succeeded the athletics at the Far Eastern Championship Games, which had ceased to be held after 1938.
Operation Frühlingssonne
Operation Frühlingssonne was the code name for a military plan created by Paul von Hindenburg, during the 1918–1919 Greater Poland uprising, according to which the Weimar Republic and the Russian SFSR were meant to attack the Second Polish Republic.

Code name
A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industrial counter-espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names.

Code names are also used for commercial products, for a variety of reasons. One of them can include that a marketing name has not yet been established during product development.
East Harling
East Harling is a village in the civil parish of Harling in the Breckland district of the English county of Norfolk.

East Harling is located 8 miles (13 km) east of Thetford and 25 miles (40 km) south-west of Norwich on the banks of the River Thet.

Breckland District
Breckland is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Dereham, although the largest town is Thetford. The district also includes the towns of Attleborough, Swaffham and Watton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district derives its name from the Breckland landscape region, a gorse-covered sandy heath of south Norfolk and north Suffolk. The term "Breckland" dates back to at least the 13th century.

The neighbouring districts are King's Lynn and West Norfolk, North Norfolk, Broadland, South Norfolk, Mid Suffolk and West Suffolk.
Pseudo-intersection
In mathematical set theory, a pseudo-intersection of a family of sets is an infinite set S such that each element of the family contains all but a finite number of elements of S. The pseudo-intersection number, sometimes denoted by the fraktur letter 𝔭, is the smallest size of a family of infinite subsets of the natural numbers that has the strong finite intersection property but has no pseudo-intersection.

Finite intersection property
In general topology, a branch of mathematics, a family  of subsets of a set  is said to have the finite intersection property (FIP) if any finite subfamily of  has non-empty intersection. It has the strong finite intersection property (SFIP) if any finite subfamily has infinite intersection. Sets with the finite intersection property are also called centered systems and filter subbases.

The finite intersection property can be used to reformulate topological compactness in terms of closed sets; this is its most prominent application.  Other applications include proving that certain perfect sets are uncountable, and the construction of ultrafilters.
Avocettina acuticeps
Avocettina acuticeps, the southern snipe eel or southern fintail snipe eel, is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae (snipe eels). It was described by Charles Tate Regan in 1916, originally under the genus Leptocephalus. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from throughout the southern regions of the ocean, with the exception of the eastern Pacific. It is known to dwell at a maximum depth of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). Males can reach a maximum total length of 77 centimetres (30 in).

Avocettina acuticeps is not of commercial interest to fisheries.

Snipe eel
Snipe eels are a family, Nemichthyidae, of eels that consists of nine species in three genera. They are pelagic fishes, found in every ocean, mostly at depths of 300–600 m (980–1,970 ft) but sometimes as deep as 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Depending on the species, adults may reach 1–2 m (39–79 in) in length, yet they weigh only 80–400 g (2.8–14.1 oz). They are distinguished by their very slender jaws that separate toward the tips as the upper jaw curves upward. The jaws appear similar to the beak of the bird called the snipe. Snipe eels are oviparous, and the juveniles, called Leptocephali (meaning small head), do not resemble the adults but have oval, leaf-shaped and transparent bodies. Different species of snipe eel have different shapes, sizes and colors. The similarly named bobtail snipe eel is actually in a different family and represented by two species, the black Cyema atrum and the bright red Neocyema erythrosoma.
Leik Myrabo
Leik N. Myrabo is an American aerospace engineer known for research on beamed-energy propulsion and for proposing and developing the lightcraft, a laser-propelled flight vehicle concept. He was an associate professor of aerospace, mechanical, and nuclear engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he and collaborators conducted experimental lightcraft launches at the White Sands Missile Range High Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF). He collaborated on hypersonic aerodynamics research with the Brazilian Air Force and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, and promoted space-based solar power and power-beaming concepts for space launch and high-speed travel.

Braddock Dunn & McDonald
Braddock, Dunn & McDonald, later known as BDM, then BDM International, was a technical services firm founded in 1959 in New York City. Its founders were Dr. Joseph V. Braddock, Dr. Bernard J. Dunn, and Dr. Daniel F. McDonald, who each received a PhD from Fordham University in the Bronx, New York.  In 1997, TRW purchased BDM, and in 2002 Northrop Grumman bought TRW.
Hotto Motto Field Kobe
Kobe Sports Park Baseball Stadium (神戸総合運動公園野球場, Kōbe Sōgō-Undō-Kōen Yakyūjō) or officially Hotto Motto Field Kobe (ほっともっとフィールド神戸) is a baseball park in Kobe Sports Park, Kobe, Japan.  It is primarily used for baseball, and is one of two home fields for the Orix Buffaloes, the other being the Kyocera Dome Osaka.

The Kobe stadium is occasionally used when the Osaka Dome hosts Hanshin Tigers games, due to their home field, Koshien Stadium, being used for the Spring Koshien and Summer Koshien baseball tournaments.

The stadium's field is one of three ballparks in Japan to have an American-style baseball field,: An all-grass outfield and infield, with dirt basepaths. It opened on March 6, 1988 and holds 35,000 people.

Kyocera Dome Osaka
The Kyocera Dome Osaka (京セラドーム大阪, Kyōsera Dōmu Ōsaka) (official name: Osaka Dome (大阪ドーム, Ōsaka Dōmu)) is a baseball stadium located in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Opened in 1997, the stadium was the home field of the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes. In 2005, the stadium became one of the homes of the Orix Buffaloes, a result of the merger between the Orix BlueWave and Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes. Prior to the Osaka Dome opening, the Buffaloes played their home games at Fujiidera Stadium. The Hanshin Tigers also use the stadium as their "home field" for their season openers and their home games in August because their stadium, Koshien Stadium, is used for high school baseball tournaments during those periods.

The Dome hosted the Pride Total Elimination 2005 and Pride Total Elimination Absolute mixed martial arts fights.
Maryam Negar
Maryam Negar (Persian: مريمنگار, also Romanized as Maryam Negār) is a village in Dinavar Rural District, Dinavar District, Sahneh County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 131, in 33 families.

Dinavar District
Dinavar District (Persian: بخش دینور) is in Sahneh County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Miyan Rahan. The district's name reflects the ancient city of Dinavar, the ruins of which are in the district.
2003 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 2003 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 22nd annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 24–26 in Lincoln, Nebraska, hosted by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln at the Bob Devaney Sports Center.

UCLA won the team championship, the Bruins' fourth NCAA national title and first since 2001.

Richelle Simpson, from Nebraska, won the individual all-around championship.

2001 NCAA women's gymnastics championships
The 2001 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 20th annual tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

The competition took place from April 19–21 in Athens, Georgia, hosted by the University of Georgia at the Georgia Coliseum.

Defending champions UCLA again won the team national championship, the Bruins' third NCAA national title and third in four years.

Onnie Willis, also from UCLA, and Elise Ray, from Michigan, shared the individual all-around championship with scores of 39.525.
Assodé
Assodé was a town in the Aïr Mountains in what is now northern Niger.  Founded around the eleventh century, it was long the most important Tuareg town, benefiting from trans-Saharan trade, and declining with it from the eighteenth century.  It was abandoned soon after being sacked by the Tuareg forces during the Kaocen revolt of 1917, although many of its buildings are still reasonably well preserved.  It remains a tourist destination.

Aïr Mountains
The Aïr Mountains or Aïr Massif (Tamajăq: Ayǝr; Hausa: Eastern Azbin, Western Abzin) is a triangular massif, located in northern Niger, within the Sahara. Part of the West Saharan montane xeric woodlands ecoregion, they rise to more than 1,800 m (5,900 ft) and extend over 84,000 km2 (32,000 sq mi). Lying in the midst of desert north of the 17th parallel, the Aïr plateau, with an average altitude between 500 and 900 m (1,600 and 3,000 ft), forms an island of Sahel climate which supports a wide variety of life, many pastoral and farming communities, and dramatic geological and archaeological sites. There are notable archaeological excavations in the region that illustrate the prehistoric past of this region. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) once existed in this region, but may now be extirpated due to human population pressures in this region.
2024 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Todi
The 2024 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Todi was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Todi, Italy between 12 and 17 August 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Branchiocaris
Branchiocaris is an extinct genus of Cambrian bivalved arthropod. The type and best known species, Branchiocaris pretiosa, was described from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada, in 1929, originally placed in Protocaris, and was placed into its own distinct genus by Briggs in 1976. Several other possible species have been described from Cambrian deposits in China, and it is also possibly known from Cambrian deposits in Utah.

Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At 508 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at several localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south.
Morley Borough Independents
The Morley Borough Independents (MBI) are a local political party in Leeds, West Yorkshire, founded in 2004.

Their stated aim is to represent the interests of the residents of Morley and the former Municipal Borough of Morley on Leeds City Council, arguing they "are not effected by having to tow the party line laid down in Westminster" by national political parties including the Conservative Party, Labour Party and Liberal Democrats.

Morley, West Yorkshire
Morley is a market town and a civil parish within the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, in West Yorkshire, England. Morley is the largest town in the borough after Leeds itself. Morley forms part of the Heavy Woollen District.

It lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Leeds city centre.  It was built on seven hills: Scatcherd Hill, Dawson Hill, Daisy Hill, Chapel Hill, Hunger Hill, Troy Hill and Banks Hill. In 2011, the town and civil parish had populations of 44,440 and 27,738 respectively. It includes the New Brighton area.

The town is split between the Morley North and Morley South wards (containing the town centre) of Leeds City Council, both making up part of the Leeds South West and Morley parliamentary constituency.
Open access in Ukraine
In Ukraine, a 2007 law requires open access publishing of research created through public funding. In January 2008, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Russian academics issued the "Belgorod Declaration on open access to scientific knowledge and cultural heritage." Ukrainian academics issued another statement in June 2009 in support of open access.

Registry of Open Access Repositories
The Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) is a searchable international database indexing the creation, location and growth of open access institutional repositories and their contents. ROAR was created by EPrints at University of Southampton, UK, in 2003. It began as the Institutional Archives Registry and was renamed  Registry of Open Access Repositories in 2006. To date, over 3,000 institutional and cross-institutional repositories have been registered.

As of 2015, ROAR and the UK-based Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) "are considered the two leading open access directories worldwide. ROAR is the larger directory and allows direct submissions to the directory. OpenDOAR controls submission of materials and is dependent on the discretion of its staff. OpenDOAR requires open access of scholarly publications; whereas ROAR allows other types of materials to be included. ROAR allows filtering by country, type of repository, and sorting by repository name."