hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Priyadarshini Mattoo
Priyadarshini Mattoo (23 July 1970 – 23 January 1996) was a 25-year-old law student who was found raped and murdered at her house in New Delhi on 23 January 1996. On 17 October 2006, the Delhi High Court found Santosh Kumar Singh guilty on both counts of rape and murder, and on 30 October of the same year sentenced him to death. On 6 October 2010, the Supreme Court of India commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment.
Santosh Kumar Singh, the son of an Inspector-General of Police, had earlier been acquitted by a trial court in 1999, and the High Court decision was widely perceived in India as a landmark reversal. This decision was overturned as the facts were not presented correctly in the lower court.

Central Bureau of Investigation
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the domestic crime investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Originally set up to investigate bribery and governmental corruption, in 1965 it received expanded jurisdiction to investigate breaches of central laws enforceable by the Government of India, multi-state organised crime, multi-agency or international cases. CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act. CBI is India's officially designated single point of contact to act as the liaison with Interpol. The CBI headquarter is  located in CGO Complex, near Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi.
CIRK-FM
CIRK-FM (97.3 FM, K-97) is a radio station in Edmonton, Alberta. Owned by Stingray Group, it broadcasts a classic rock format. CIRK's studios are located inside the West Edmonton Mall, alongside its metropolitan sister stations CFCW, CKRA-FM, and CKJR, while its transmitter is located at Ellerslie Road and Provincial Highway 21, just southeast of the Edmonton city limits.

As of February 28, 2021, CIRK is the 6th-most-listened-to radio station in the Edmonton market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.

CKJR
CKJR (1440 AM, "Sports 1440") is a radio station licensed to Wetaskiwin, Alberta. Owned by Stingray Radio, it broadcasts a sports talk format primarily serving the Edmonton Metropolitan Region. CKJR's studios are located alongside its metropolitan sister stations at the West Edmonton Mall.

CKJR broadcasts with a non-directional pattern during the daytime hours and a directional signal (using a three-tower array) during nighttime hours. CKJR is the only station in Canada broadcasting at 1440 AM.
Percy Alliss
Percy Alliss (8 January 1897 – 31 March 1975) was one of the leading English professional golfers in the 1920s and 1930s, winning many tournaments in Britain and Continental Europe. He was also the father of commentator and former golfer Peter Alliss.

Welsh National PGA Championship
The Welsh National PGA Championship is a golf tournament played annually in Wales since 1904. For many years the event was called the Welsh Professional Championship. Currently entry is restricted to professionals employed by a Welsh club and those born in Wales or with a parent or grandparent born in Wales. 2016 was the 100th edition of the event and was won by Lydia Hall after a final round 67.
Lucky Lou's
Lucky Lou's is a bar located in the college town of Denton, Texas.

Opened in 1996, Lou's established itself as popular bar in the area. Lou's has three separate bar serving areas, foosball tables, arcade games and pool tables. There is a large outdoor patio area that faces out to the Fry Street area. Lou's had a beer specifically created for it by Franconia Brewing Company called "Lucky 7". The bar has been visited by the ESPN Street Team and hosted the official 2010 playoff berth party for FC Dallas and its players.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Education University of Hong Kong
The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK) is a public university in Ting Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong.

The university was founded in 1994 as The Hong Kong Institute of Education. It is one of eight subsidised universities under the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong and the only one historically dedicated to teacher education, with an increasingly broadening academic scope across recent years.

Ting Kok
Ting Kok is an area and a village in New Territories, the northeastern part of Hong Kong. It is located on the northern shore of Plover Cove and west of Tai Mei Tuk. Administratively, it is part of Tai Po District.
Geoff Potts
Geoffrey Potts (1947 – 28 October 2017) was a British lightweight rower.

He was educated at Durham School, where he competed for the Durham School Boat Club. He rowed with Durham University Boat Club from 1968 to 1970 and later earned a postgraduate degree in Management from Durham University in 1975.

Durham School
Durham School is a fee-charging boarding and day school in the English public school tradition located in Durham, North East England.  Since 2021 it has been part of the Durham Cathedral Schools Foundation.

Durham School was an all-boys institution from its foundation in 1414 until 1985, when girls were admitted to the sixth form. The school takes pupils aged 3–18 years and became fully co-educational in 1998.

A member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, it enrolls 495 day and boarding students. Its preparatory institution, known as the Chorister School, enrolls a further 250 pupils.

Durham and Bow's former pupils include politicians, clergy and British aristocracy. Former students are known as Old Dunelmians. Founded by the Bishop of Durham, Thomas Langley, in 1414, it received royal foundation by King Henry VIII in 1541 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries during the Protestant Reformation. It is the city's oldest institution of learning.
David Williams (priest, born 1841)
David Williams  (3 October 1841 – 20 November 1929) was the Archdeacon of Cardigan from 1903 until 1928.

Williams was educated at Llandovery College and Jesus College, Oxford; and ordained in 1867. After a curacy in Carmarthen he was Rector of Merthyr, Carmarthenshire from 1868 to 1887; Rural Dean of Carmarthen from 1885 to 1887; Prebendary of St David's Cathedral from 1886 to 1903; and Vicar of Holy Trinity, Aberystwyth  from 1887 to 1928.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
Epipyrops fulvipunctata
Epipyrops fulvipunctata is a moth in the family Epipyropidae. It was described by William Lucas Distant in 1913. It is found in South Africa, where it has been recorded from KwaZulu-Natal.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on the coccid species Rhinortha guttata.

Epipyropidae
The Epipyropidae comprise a small family of moths. This family and the closely related Cyclotornidae are unique among the Lepidoptera in that the larvae are ectoparasites, the hosts typically being fulgoroid planthoppers, thus the common name planthopper parasite moths. The family undergoes hypermetamorphosis, metamorphosing from triungular first instar larvae to highly modified second instars.
Andrew Pawley
Andrew Kenneth Pawley FRSNZ, FAHA (born 1941 in Sydney) is an Australian–New Zealand linguist and Emeritus Professor at the School of Culture, History and Language of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University.

Oceanic languages
The Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are estimated to have only two million native speakers. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc").
Endicott Square Deal Arch
Endicott Square Deal Arch is an historic "welcome arch" located at Endicott in Broome County, New York. It is one of two identical arches erected in 1920 in Endicott and in nearby Johnson City, known as the Johnson City Square Deal Arch.  .  It was constructed by Endicott-Johnson Shoe Company employees to honor  George F. Johnson (1857–1948), their highly respected employer and benefactor.

In 1995 the arch was dismantled and rebuilt with additional materials to increase clearance and span a widened Main Street.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

George F. Johnson
George Francis Johnson (October 14, 1857 – November 28, 1948) was an American businessman. He was president of shoe manufacturer Endicott Johnson Corporation and the namesake of Johnson City, New York.
CNC machine tool monitoring by AE sensors
A machine tool monitoring system is a flow of information and system processing in which the information selection, obtaining data, processing of information and decision making on the refined information are integrated. The aim of tool condition monitoring is to detect early the disturbances in the machining process and wear of machine tool components.

The condition of tool has been researched extensively in the past and have focused on detection of tool wear, tool breakage and the estimation of remaining tool life. It is very important for on-line identification of tool condition in machining process for enhanced productivity, better quality of parts and lower costs for unmanned, automated manufacturing systems.

Linear elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed by prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics.

The fundamental assumptions of linear elasticity are infinitesimal strains — meaning, "small" deformations — and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain — hence the "linear" in its name. Linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. Its assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis.
Aspergillus sclerotioniger
Aspergillus sclerotioniger is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. sclerotioniger belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 2004. It has been found in green coffee beans from India. It is a very effective producer of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B, and produces aurasperone B, pyranonigrin A, corymbiferan lactone-like exometabolites, and some cytochalasins. The genome of A. sclerotioniger was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 36.72 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
South Cameroon Company
The Gesellschaft Süd-Kamerun (German: South Cameroon Company) was a private trading corporation formed in 1898, facilitated by governor Jesko von Puttkamer, to run the rubber and ivory trade in the southeast of the German colony of Kamerun.

Kamerun
Kamerun  was an African protectorate of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon. Kamerun also included northern parts of Gabon and the Congo with western parts of the Central African Republic, southwestern parts of Chad and far northeastern parts of Nigeria.
Candangolândia
Candangolândia (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐn.dɐn.ɡoˈlɐ̃n.dʒiɐ]) is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by Brasília to the north, Lago Sul to the east, Park Way and Núcleo Bandeirante to the south, and Guará to the west. Its population is 16,196 according to a 2010 report.

Lago Sul
Lago Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈla.ɡu ˈsuw]; lit. South Lake) is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is located on the south side of the eastern shore of Lake Paranoá, opposite of Brasília and Lago Norte. The Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport is located in the southwesternmost edge of the region.
Douglas Robinson Sr.
Douglas Robinson Sr. (March 24, 1824 – November 30, 1893) was a Scottish-American banker and businessman who was prominent in New York society during the Gilded Age.  He was married to Fanny Monroe, the daughter of U.S. Representative James Monroe and grandniece of James Monroe, the 5th President of the United States.  Their son, Douglas Robinson Jr., was married to Corinne Roosevelt, sister of President Theodore Roosevelt and aunt of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

Jordanville, New York
Jordanville is a hamlet in the town of Warren, Herkimer County, New York, United States. Jordanville is in the northwestern part of Warren, at the intersection of New York State Route 167 and County Route 155. The community was settled by European Americans after the Revolutionary War and before 1791. Its name was derived from the nearby Ocquionis Creek, which was used by settlers for baptisms and likened by them to the Jordan River.
Matthew 5:1–2
Matthew 5:1 and Matthew 5:2 are the first two verses of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verses introduce the Sermon on the Mount that will be recited in the next several chapters. The previous chapter concluded with large crowds "from Galilee, and from the Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and beyond the Jordan" who followed Jesus to witness him healing: these verses present Jesus as seeing the crowds and going up onto a mountain to begin teaching.

Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai, also known as Jabal Musa (Arabic: جَبَل مُوسَى, lit. 'Mountain of Moses'), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is one of several locations claimed to be the biblical Mount Sinai, the place where, according to the sacred scriptures of the three major Abrahamic religions (Torah, Bible, and Quran), the Hebrew prophet Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.

It is a 2,285-meter (7,497 ft) mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. It is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in the mountain range of which it is a part. For example, it lies next to Mount Catherine which, at 2,629 m or 8,625 ft, is the highest peak in Egypt.
Pukeiti (Auckland)
Pukeiti is one of the volcanoes in the Auckland volcanic field. The spatter cone is the smallest volcano in Auckland, reaching 30 metres (98 ft) above sea level, and has a shallow crater over 30 metres (98 ft) wide. The crater rim was quarried on the south and east side. Extensive lava poured out from this vent to form a lava flow field to the north and east. It is now part of the Otuataua Stonefields reserve.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "cabbage tree hill" for Pukeitī.

Auckland volcanic field
The Auckland volcanic field is an area of monogenetic volcanoes covered by much of the metropolitan area of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, located in the North Island. The approximately 53 volcanoes in the field have produced a diverse array of maars (explosion craters), tuff rings, scoria cones, and lava flows. With the exception of Rangitoto, no volcano has erupted more than once, but the other eruptions lasted for various periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. Rangitoto erupted several times and recently twice; in an eruption that occurred about 600 years ago, followed by a second eruption approximately 50 years later. The field is fuelled entirely by basaltic magma, unlike the explosive subduction-driven volcanism in the central North Island, such as at Mount Ruapehu and Lake Taupō.
The Merchant of Venice
The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences.

Although classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for the character Shylock and his famous demand for a "pound of flesh".

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "Hath not a Jew eyes?" on the subject of humanity, and that of Portia on "the quality of mercy". Debate exists on whether the play is antisemitic, with Shylock's insistence on his legal right to the pound of flesh being in opposition to his seemingly universal plea for the rights of all people suffering discrimination.

Shakespearean comedy
In the First Folio, the plays of William Shakespeare were grouped into three categories: comedies, histories, and tragedies; and modern scholars recognise a fourth category, romance, to describe the specific types of comedy that appear in Shakespeare's later works.
Syndemis musculana
The name of the present species was misapplied to S. afflictana by Baron Walsingham in 1879.

Syndemis musculana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe, China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia), the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Russia (Amur) and North America.

The wingspan is 15–22 mm. The species lacks striking patterns and is also quite variable in colour, thus it is not easy to determine. The head, thoracic and forewing are more or less brownish grey. The forewing has a more or less distinct, wide, brown cross-band in the middle. The hindwings are light grey-brown.

The adults fly from April to July in the temperate parts of their range, such as Belgium and the Netherlands.

The caterpillars feed on oaks (Quercus), birches (Betula), spruces (Picea), ragworts (Senecio) and Rubus (brambles and allies). Less usually, they have been recorded to eat plant refuse and dry leaves.

Syndemis afflictana
Syndemis afflictana, the gray leafroller, dead leaf roller or black-and-gray banded leafroller, is a species of moth of the  family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from southern Canada and the northern United States. In the west, the range extends south in the mountains to California. The species is also present in Florida. The habitat consists of coniferous forests.

The wingspan is 18–23 mm.
Alex F. T. W. Rosenberg
Alex F. T. W. Rosenberg (1926–2007) was a German-American mathematician who served as the editor of the Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society from 1960 to 1965, and of the American Mathematical Monthly from 1974 to 1976.

He should not be confused with Alexander L. (Sasha) Rosenberg, a Russian-American mathematician at Kansas State University.

Alexander L. Rosenberg
Alexander Lvovich Rosenberg (Russian: Александр Львович Розенберг, 1946–2012) was a Russian-American mathematician who worked on functional analysis, representation theory and noncommutative algebraic geometry. He graduated from Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1973, left the Soviet Union around 1987, and was a professor at Kansas State University until 2012.

He is known for his contributions to Tannaka duality and noncommutative algebraic geometry. He introduced several notions of spectrum for an abelian category (Rosenberg's spectrum), and the related Gabriel-Rosenberg reconstruction theorem bears his name.
Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian qualifiers preliminary round 2
This page provides the summary of the second round qualifiers for the group stage of the Asian football qualifiers for 2012 Olympics. The matches in this round were held on 19 June 2011 (first leg) and 23 June 2011 (second leg).

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers
The Asian Football Confederation's Pre-Olympic Tournament was the qualifying tournament for the 2012 Summer Olympics Football tournament in London. Thirty-five teams entered the qualification, where AFC have three spots for automatic qualifiers and a spot for inter-continental play-off against the fourth representative of the Pre-Olympic Tournament in African zone. The competition commenced in February 2011 and was completed in March 2012.
Nelson railway proposals
There have been various proposals to link the city of Nelson to New Zealand’s South Island rail network, but none have come to fruition.

Nelson was served by the Dun Mountain Railway, a mineral tramway that was also used by a horse tram between the city and its port, and by the Nelson Section, an isolated part of the government-owned railway between Nelson and Glenhope, which served several existing and developing communities in between.

Dun Mountain Railway
The Dun Mountain Railway was a privately owned and operated 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge, 21.5 km (13.4 mi) long horse-drawn tramway from chromite mines in the vicinity of Duppa Lode on the eastern slopes of Wooded Peak to Nelson port in the Tasman District of New Zealand's South Island.  It operated from 3 February 1862 to 30 May 1901, with the last mineral traffic on the incline section operated in January 1866.

This line was the first "railway" to be opened and operated in New Zealand, preceding the first public railway and the first railway to be operated by steam trains, the line between Ferrymead and Christchurch, which opened on 1 December 1863. The city of Nelson had the first city tramway to both open and close in New Zealand.