hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Drake (shore establishment)
50°23′27″N 4°11′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.3908°N 4.1834°W﻿ / 50.3908; -4.1834

HMS Drake, also known as the Fleet Accommodation Centre,  is a stone frigate (shore establishment) of the Royal Navy on Saltash Road in Devonport, in the west of the city of Plymouth, England. It provides the naval barracks to support HMNB Devonport.

Devonport, Plymouth
Devonport (UK: /ˈdɛvənpɔːt/ DEV-ən-pot, 
US: /ˈdɛvənpɔːrt/ DEV-ən-port)
 formerly named Plymouth Dock or just Dock, is a district of Plymouth in the ceremonial county of Devon, England, although it was, at one time, the more important settlement. It became a county borough in 1889. Devonport was originally one of the "Three Towns" (along with Plymouth and East Stonehouse); these merged in 1914 to form what would become in 1928 the City of Plymouth. It is represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of the Plymouth Sutton and Devonport constituency. Its elected Member of Parliament (MP) is Luke Pollard, who is a member of the Labour and Co-operative Party. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 14,788.
Teriitapunui Pōmare
Punuariʻi Teriʻitapunui Pōmare, commonly called Teriʻitapunui (born March 20, 1846 – died in September 17, 1888) was a member of the Pōmare family, a royal dynasty in Tahiti. His first two names translate into Tahitian as "Small-trumpet-above-Prince-of-many-sacrifices."

Pōmare dynasty
The Pōmare dynasty was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Tahiti between the unification of the islands by Pōmare I in 1788 and Pōmare V's cession of the kingdom to France in 1880. Their influence once spanned most of the Society Islands, the Austral Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago.

The scientific name Pomarea of the Polynesian monarch flycatchers was established in honour of this dynasty. It was first used for the species from Tahiti by René Lesson and Prosper Garnot, and subsequently for the entire genus.
Justin McAuliffe
Justin Hawley McAuliffe (born October 7, 1987) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist.  He is the grandson of Barron Hilton and the great-grandson of Conrad Hilton, founder of Hilton Hotels. He is the founder and CEO of Acceleron Digital, a digital marketing agency.

Barron Hilton
William Barron Hilton (October 23, 1927 – September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, philanthropist and sportsman. The second son and successor of hotelier Conrad Hilton, he was the chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton, a notable pilot and outdoorsman, was also a founder of the American Football League as the original owner of the Los Angeles Chargers, and helped forge the merger with the National Football League that created the Super Bowl. Like his father before him, he pledged 97 percent of his wealth to the humanitarian work of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. At the time, the gift was projected to increase the foundation's endowment from $2.9 billion to $6.3 billion, and will make his estate the organization's most significant donor.
Kohler Design Center
The Kohler Design Center is the Kohler Company museum showcase of product design in Kohler, Wisconsin.

The main floor showcases the products of the companies that comprise the Kohler family of businesses. It features Kohler's own "great wall of china," a floor-to-ceiling display of plumbing fixtures in all shapes, sizes and colors. The lower level features the Kohler Company Museum. Visitors can watch a short film and view displays from the company's establishment in 1873 as a maker of cast iron farm implements. Also in the lower level is an arts gallery developed by the John Michael Kohler Arts Center.

The building was originally used as a recreation hall for Kohler village residents. In 1985, it was transformed into a 36,000-square-foot showcase for the extensive array of Kohler Company products.

Visitors can not make product purchases at the Kohler Design Center.

Kohler, Wisconsin
Kohler is a village in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Sheboygan River. The population was 2,195 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Sheboygan metropolitan statistical area.
HP Universal Print Driver
HP Universal Print Driver (UPD) is an intelligent print driver that supports a broad range of HP print devices, such as LaserJet and various MFPs. Developed by Hewlett-Packard, HP UPD combines a general purpose driver (XPSDrv, UniDrv, or PSCRIPT), print control, and HP proprietary extensions. The HP UPD simplifies driver deployment and management across multiple devices and networks via a unified program. This advanced print driver has the ability to discover HP print devices and automatically expose the client to device capabilities (e.g., duplex, color, finishing, etc.).

HP Universal Print Driver is a Microsoft Windows-only solution with two modes: Traditional Mode and Dynamic Mode. In Traditional Mode, HP UPD behaves similarly to traditional print drivers. In Dynamic Mode, it provides discovery, auto configuration, and management features that are particularly well suited for mobile computer users.

Multi-function printer
An MFP (multi-function product/printer/peripheral), multi-functional, all-in-one (AIO), or multi-function device (MFD), is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a home or small business setting (the SOHO market segment), or to provide centralized document management/distribution/production in a large-office setting. A typical MFP may act as a combination of some or all of the following devices: email, fax, photocopier, printer, scanner.
John D. Rateliff
John D. Rateliff (born December 9, 1958) is an American independent scholar of fantasy literature and author of roleplaying games. He specializes in the study of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, particularly his Middle-earth writings, and wrote and edited the 2007 book The History of the Hobbit.

The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game
The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game, released by Decipher, Inc. in 2002, is a tabletop role-playing game set in the fictional world of Middle-earth created by J. R. R. Tolkien. The game is set in the years between The Hobbit and The Fellowship of the Ring, but may be run at any time from the First to Fourth Age and contains many examples of how to do so. Sourcebooks cover the events of The Lord of the Rings and Peter Jackson's film trilogy adaptation.

The system for LOTR is called CODA, and involves rolling two six-sided dice to resolve actions. The game is the second licensed role-playing game for the setting, the prior game being Middle-earth Role Playing from Iron Crown Enterprises. A third role-playing game set in Middle-earth was  published (2011-2019) by Cubicle 7 under the title The One Ring Roleplaying Game, which has since been acquired, revised, and is now published by Free League Publishing, alongside a 5th Edition OGL game titled The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying.
Laura Olascuaga
Laura Victoria Olascuaga Pinto is a Colombian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Colombia 2020 pageant on November 16, 2020. She represented Colombia at Miss Universe 2020 and was placed in the Top twenty-one.

Bolívar Department
Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [boˈliβaɾ]) is a department of Colombia. It was named after one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. It is located to the north of the country, extending roughly north–south from the Caribbean coast at Cartagena near the mouth of the Magdalena River, then south along the river to a border with Antioquia Department. The departments of Sucre and Córdoba are located to the west, and Atlántico Department to the north and east (most of the border formed by the Canal del Dique). Across the Magdalena River to the east is Magdalena Department. The flag of the department bears a resemblance to the flag of Lithuania.

Its capital is Cartagena de Indias. Other important cities include Magangué, El Carmen de Bolívar and Turbaco.
Gibbs paradox
In statistical mechanics, a semi-classical derivation of entropy that does not take into account the indistinguishability of particles yields an expression for entropy which is not extensive (is not proportional to the amount of substance in question).  This leads to a paradox known as the Gibbs paradox, after Josiah Willard Gibbs, who proposed this thought experiment in 1874‒1875. The paradox allows for the entropy of closed systems to decrease, violating the second law of thermodynamics. A related paradox is the "mixing paradox". If one takes the perspective that the definition of entropy must be changed so as to ignore particle permutation, in the thermodynamic limit, the paradox is averted.

Stirling's approximation
In mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values of . It is named after James Stirling, though a related but less precise result was first stated by Abraham de Moivre.

One way of stating the approximation involves the logarithm of the factorial:

where the big O notation means that, for all sufficiently large values of , the difference between  and  will be at most proportional to the logarithm of . In computer science applications such as the worst-case lower bound for comparison sorting, it is convenient to instead use the binary logarithm, giving the equivalent form
 The error term in either base can be expressed more precisely as , corresponding to an approximate formula for the factorial itself,

Here the sign  means that the two quantities are asymptotic, that is, their ratio tends to 1 as  tends to infinity.
John H. Hager
John Henry Hager (August 28, 1936 – August 23, 2020) was an American politician who served as the 37th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002. He was the first person with a disability to be elected to that office. He proceeded to act as an assistant secretary within the United States Department of Education from 2004 to 2007. He worked for the American Tobacco Company from the 1960s until 1994, and was the chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia from August 2007 until May 2008.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
QuTiP
QuTiP, short for the Quantum Toolbox in Python, is an open-source computational physics software library for simulating quantum systems, particularly open quantum systems.  QuTiP allows simulation of Hamiltonians with arbitrary time-dependence, allowing simulation of situations of interest in quantum optics, ion trapping, superconducting circuits and quantum nanomechanical resonators.  The library includes extensive visualization facilities for content under simulations.

QuTiP's API provides a Python interface and uses Cython to allow run-time compilation and extensions via C and C++.  QuTiP is built to work well with popular Python packages NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib and IPython.

Computational physics
Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics. Historically, computational physics was the first application of modern computers in science, and is now a subset of computational science. It is sometimes regarded as a subdiscipline (or offshoot) of theoretical physics, but others consider it an intermediate branch between theoretical and experimental physics — an area of study which supplements both theory and experiment.
Russian Bear
The Russian Bear (Russian: Русский медведь, romanized: Russkiy medved') is a widespread symbol (generally of a Eurasian brown bear) for Russia, used in cartoons, articles, and dramatic plays since as early as the 16th century, and relating alike to the Russian Empire, the Russian Provisional Government and Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the present-day Russian Federation.

The uses of the bear are mixed. It was often used by Westerners, in British caricatures and later also used in the United States, often not in a positive context. On occasion it was used to imply that Russia is "big, brutal and clumsy". However, Russians have also used it to represent their country, where it has been used as a "symbol of national pride."

Punch (magazine)
Punch, or The London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and wood-engraver Ebenezer Landells. Historically, it was most influential in the 1840s and 1850s, when it helped to coin the term "cartoon" in its modern sense as a humorous illustration. Artists at Punch included John Tenniel who worked for the magazine from 1850 and was its chief cartoonist from 1864 to 1901. The editors took the anarchic puppet Mr Punch, of Punch and Judy, as their mascot—the character appears in many magazine covers—with the character also an inspiration for the magazine's name.

With its satire of the contemporary, social, and political scene, Punch became a household name in Victorian Britain. Sales of 40,000 copies a week by 1850 rose above 100,000 by 1910. After the 1940s, when its circulation peaked, it went into a long decline, closing in 1992. It was revived in 1996, but closed again in 2002.
Ummarwal Billa
Ummarwal Billa is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Nakodar, 49 kilometres (30 mi) from Kapurthala, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
John Gordon (merchant)
John Gordon (c. 1710–1778) was a Loyalist British merchant and trader of Scottish origin who lived in South Carolina for many years. He settled in Charles Town about 1760, and from 1759 to 1773 he was a major exporter of deerskins supplied by Native American hunters. Gordon also participated in the transatlantic slave trade but was not a major importer of captive Africans.

John Gordon did business in Charles Town and Savannah, as well as in British East Florida. The regional network of Scottish traders headed by Gordon in Charles Town, and the brothers John and James Graham in Savannah, served as a liaison between government officials
(many of them fellow Scots to whom they were connected politically) and the Indian tribes, primarily the Creeks.
Gordon also underwrote the mercantile activities of George Galphin, at that time the wealthiest Indian trader in the Southeast, whose trading firm was predominant in the tribal towns of the Chattahoochee Valley and in Coweta.

Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, following Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

The signing of the treaty formally ended the conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America (the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the United States), and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. Additionally, Great Britain agreed not to seek to eradicate Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and Austria, as they signed a separate agreement, the Treaty of Hubertusburg, five days later.
2008 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary
The 2008 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary took place February 5, 2008, also known as Super Tuesday.  With 107 pledged delegates at stake, New Jersey was a significant battleground in the Democratic nomination race between Senators Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama.

Hillary Clinton won the primary amid record-breaking turnout. Her margin of victory was narrower than early polling had projected but contradicted Barack Obama’s late surge in polling and strong performance in urban areas.

Super Tuesday, 2008
Super Tuesday 2008, Super Duper Tuesday, Mega Tuesday, Giga Tuesday, Tsunami Tuesday, and The Tuesday of Destiny are names for February 5, 2008, the day on which the largest simultaneous number of state U.S. presidential primary elections in the history of U.S. primaries were held. Twenty-four states and American Samoa held either caucuses or primary elections for one or both parties on this date. Furthermore, the week-long Democrats Abroad Global Primary began on this day.

The large number of states that held elections on February 5 could have shortened the period between the first caucus in Iowa, on January 3, 2008, and the de facto selection of a party's nominee to just a few weeks. Super Tuesday 2008 saw 52% of the Democratic and 41% of the Republican delegates awarded by early February 2008. By comparison, only about 1% of nominating convention delegates had been selected by that point in the 2000 election cycle.  It was held approximately one month before Super Tuesday II.
Nathan Mayo
John Nathan Mayo (December 1876 – April 14, 1960) was an American agricultural and corrections administrator who served as the Florida Commissioner of Agriculture from 1923 to 1960.  He was Florida's longest serving Agricultural Commissioner.  Mayo was said to run the most powerful political organization in the state.

During his tenure, Mayo worked to increase the quality of Florida agricultural produce and promote the state nationally.  He also stopped a state government attempt in the 1920s to drain the Everglades.

Florida Commissioner of Agriculture
The commissioner of agriculture is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Florida that heads the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS). Elected for a four-year mandate that is limited to two consecutive terms of office, the commissioner of agriculture is charged with supporting and regulating Florida's agriculture industry, conserving soil and water resources, managing state forests, protecting consumers from unfair trade practices, and ensuring the safety and wholesomeness of food in the marketplace. In addition, the commissioner is one of four members of the Florida Cabinet and is fourth (behind the lieutenant governor, attorney general, and chief financial officer, respectively) in the line of succession to the office of governor. The thirteenth and current commissioner is Republican Wilton Simpson, who took office on January 3, 2023.
St Giles on the Heath
St Giles on the Heath, sometimes hyphenated as St Giles-on-the-Heath, is a village and civil parish in the far west of Devon, England. It forms part of the local government district of Torridge. The village is in the east of the parish and lies on the A388 road about eight miles south of the town of Holsworthy.

The parish includes the hamlets of Hele, West Panson, East Panson, Sitcott, Box's Shop, Peter's Finger, West Druxton, Poole and Netherbridge.  The parish is surrounded clockwise from the north-west by the parishes of Northcott, Luffincott, Ashwater, Virginstow, Broadwoodwidger and Lifton. Its western border follows the River Tamar which forms the county boundary with Cornwall. In 2001 its population was 617, significantly higher than the 258 residents it had in 1901. The village is part of Broadheath electoral ward. At the 2011 census the population was 1,650.

Torridge District
50°53′35″N 4°15′54″W﻿ / ﻿50.893°N 4.265°W﻿ / 50.893; -4.265

Torridge is a local government district in north-west Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Bideford. The district also includes the towns of Great Torrington, Holsworthy and Northam, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The island of Lundy forms part of the district. The district is named after the River Torridge.

The district's coast is recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The South West Coast Path runs through the area.

The neighbouring districts are North Devon, Mid Devon, West Devon and Cornwall.
Youyi Bridge
34°48′14.4″N 72°56′10.94″E﻿ / ﻿34.804000°N 72.9363722°E﻿ / 34.804000; 72.9363722The Youyi Bridge (Chinese: 友誼橋, meaning Friendship Bridge, Urdu: دوستی کا پل) is a bridge on the Karakoram Highway (KKH) at Thakot in Battagram District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The inauguration ceremony for the bridge was held on August 17, 2004.

The bridge spans the Indus River and carries the KKH, next to a bridge built between 1966 and 1978.  The bridge was given its Chinese name in 2004 to honour the Chinese and Pakistani workers killed in the construction of the Karakoram Highway.

Battagram District
Battagram (Pashto: بټګرام ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع بٹگرام) is a tribal district in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. The headquarter is Battagram, which is about 75 km from Mansehra city. It was part of historic Yaghistan (Independent Territory) before 1955. Later in 1955, It was merged into Pakistan and made part of neighboring Mansehra District with the status of Tehsil. It was officially separated from Mansehra District in July 1993 and was given the status of district. Battagram District was ruled by many different Khans, all belonging to the Swati tribe.
Anta Gorda
Anta Gorda (Portuguese: [ˈɐ̃.tɐ ˈɡoʁ.dɐ] ⓘ, lit. 'fat tapir') is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The surrounding municipalities are Guaporé, Doutor Ricardo, Encantado, Ilópolis, and Arvorezinha. It is about 210 km from Porto Alegre.

Guaporé, Rio Grande do Sul
Guaporé is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is the state's greatest jewelry and lingerie producer, ranking second in the country. The city was mainly colonized by Italian immigrants in the 19th century and still retains their traditions. The name comes from the Guaraní language and its meaning is disputed, most likely being Desert Valley.