hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tooting (electoral division)
Tooting was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Advanced Cell Therapeutics
Advanced Cell Therapeutics (formerly known as BioMark International) was a company that marketed fraudulent medical treatments in the form of stem cell therapy, starting in 2002.  It was originally located in Atlanta, and offered its services in the US and Europe, and was founded and run by Stephen van Rooyen and Laura Brown. After the US Food and Drug Administration closed the company down, van Rooyen and Brown fled to South Africa and started operating the business under the name Advanced Cell Therapeutics.

Stem-cell therapy
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.

Stem-cell therapy has become controversial following developments such as the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer, and their use of techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy is often related to abortion politics and  human cloning. Additionally, efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord blood have been controversial.
Shield of the Trinity
The Shield of the Trinity or Scutum Fidei (Latin for 'shield of faith') is a traditional Christian visual symbol which expresses many aspects of the doctrine of the Trinity, summarizing the first part of the Athanasian Creed in a compact diagram. In late medieval Europe, this emblem was considered to be the heraldic arms of God, and of the Trinity.

Christian symbolism
Christian symbolism is the use of symbols, including archetypes, acts, artwork or events, by Christianity. It invests objects or actions with an inner meaning expressing Christian ideas.

The symbolism of the early Church was characterized by being understood by initiates only, while after the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire during the 4th century more recognizable symbols entered in use. Christianity has borrowed from the common stock of significant symbols known to most periods and to all regions of the world.

Only a minority of Christian denominations have practiced aniconism, or the avoidance or prohibition of types of images. These include early Jewish Christian sects, as well as some modern denominations such as Baptists that prefer to some extent not to use figures in their symbols due to the Decalogue's prohibition of idolatry.
Mannlicher M1893
The Mannlicher M1893 (or M93) is a bolt-action rifle that was the standard service rifle of the Kingdom of Romania from 1893 to 1938. The rifle and its 1892 predecessor were the first repeating rifles to be widely issued in the Romanian military. It was later replaced by the Czechoslovak-designed Vz. 24 as the standard service rifle.

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (Spanish: Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans (republicanos) was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term Rojos (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including communist and anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union.
At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one.
Red Bluff Air Force Station
Red Bluff Air Force Station (ADC ID: SM-157, NORAD ID: Z-157) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located 4.3 miles (6.9 km) west-southwest of Red Bluff, California.  It was closed in 1970.

AN/FPS-6 Radar
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command. The AN/FPS-6 radar was introduced into service in the late 1950s and served as the principal height-finder radar for the United States for several decades thereafter. It was also used by the Royal Air Force alongside their AMES Type 80s. Built by General Electric, the S-band radar operated on a frequency of 2700 to 2900 MHz. Between 1953 and 1960, about 450 units of the AN/FPS-6 and the mobile AN/MPS-14 version were produced. The AN/FPS-90 and AN/FPS-116 radars were identical to the AN/FPS-6 except for receiver modifications.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/FPS-6" designation represents the 6th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for fixed ground search radar. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.
Spremberg Dam
Spremberg Dam (German: Talsperre Spremberg; Lower Sorbian: Grodkojska zawera) and its associated reservoir (Spremberger Stausee; Grodkojski spety jazor) lie between Cottbus and Spremberg and impound the River Spree. Together with the surrounding countryside they make up the protected landscape also known as the Talsperre Spremberg. The dam itself is made of earth and is the only one in the state of Brandenburg that counts as a "large dam". Its purposes are industrial water supply, flood protection, electricity generation, drought protection and recreation. It was taken into service on 8 October 1965.

Spremberg
Spremberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpʁɛmˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) or Grodk (Lower Sorbian pronunciation: [ˈɡrɔtk]) is a municipality near the Saxon city of Hoyerswerda and is in the Spree-Neiße district of Brandenburg, Germany.

First mentioned in 1301, the town alone has 14,028 inhabitants, and the municipality, including other villages, has 22,456 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2017.
George Tamaro
George J. Tamaro is an American civil engineer.

He graduated in 1961 with a master's degree in civil engineering at the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science.

He is the 2005 recipient of the John Fritz Medal awarded by the American Association of Engineering Societies.

John Fritz Medal
The John Fritz Medal has been awarded annually since 1902 by the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) for "outstanding scientific or industrial achievements". The medal was created for the 80th birthday of John Fritz, who lived between 1822 and 1913.  When AAES was dissolved in 2020, the administration of the Fritz medal was transferred to the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME), and is currently coordinated by AIME member society, the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, & Exploration (SME).

The award is referred to as the "highest award in the engineering profession" by the AAES, and is further regarded by many as the "Nobel Prize in engineering".
Coalbrookvale
Coalbrookvale (Welsh: Glyn Nant-y-glo) is a village in the Ebbw Valley in Blaenau Gwent. It belongs in the community of Nantyglo and Blaina.

It is located 1.32 miles (2.12 km) south of Brynmawr and 3.38 miles (5.44 km) north of Abertillery. It is 21 miles (34 km) from Newport. The A467 runs near to the village.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
Ybor City cigar makers' strike of 1931
The Ybor cigar makers' strike of 1931 took place in Ybor City, Tampa, Florida, starting on November 26 and ended in December. Some strikers were jailed, "Lectors" were banned and there was a lockout. Following legal intervention, some workers returned to work at previous wage levels but others were not re-employed. Lectors had by tradition been elected by the workers and, as well as reading aloud newspaper articles, often from left-wing radical publications, they recited and acted more generally, including from classic works – effectively they provided a form of education for illiterate workers. The most significant effect of the strike in the longer term was that the lector culture was brought to an end.

Cigar Makers' International Union
The Journeymen Cigar Makers' International Union of America (CMIU) was a labor union established in 1864 that represented workers in the cigar industry. The CMIU was part of the American Federation of Labor from 1887 until its merger in 1974.
2011 Wuxi Classic
The 2011 Wuxi Classic was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held between 7–10 July 2011 at the Wuxi City Sports Park Stadium in Wuxi, China.

Shaun Murphy was the defending champion, but he lost in the semi-finals 3–6 against Ali Carter. Mark Selby won in the final 9–7 against Carter.

Wuxi Classic
The Wuxi Classic was a professional snooker tournament held from 2008 to 2014 in the city of Wuxi, China. It was a ranking event from 2012 through 2014. For the 2015/16 season, World Snooker reduced the number of ranking events held in China, which saw the tournament replaced by the snooker World Cup, also held in Wuxi. The last champion was Neil Robertson, who won the event in 2013 and retained his title in 2014.
Haru (TV series)
Haru (Chinese: 春梅; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhun-môe) is a Taiwanese Hokkien television drama that began airing on TTV Main Channel in Taiwan on 7 May 2015, from Mondays to Fridays, and ends on 21 July 2015, with a total of 54 episodes.

Taiwanese television drama
Taiwanese drama (Chinese: 台灣電視劇; pinyin: Táiwān Diànshìjù, also known as T.W. drama) refer to dramatic programming of television programming extended stories usually dramatizing relationships through the general range of ten to forty one-hour episodes. They are produced in Taiwan and have gained increasing popularity in the Mandarin-speaking community internationally. The term "Taiwanese drama" is applied to Taiwanese miniseries in general, even including those with greater elements of comedy than of drama.
Alight Solutions
Alight Solutions is an American information technology and consulting company that provides cloud-based systems, outsourcing and consultancy related to human resource. They provide platforms and outsourcing for large companies to manage their human capital this includes health benefit administration, financial management and retirement planning.

The company is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company went public on July 6, 2021, trading in the New York Stock Exchange under ALIT.

Workday, Inc.
Workday, Inc., is an American on‑demand (cloud-based) financial management, human capital management, and student information system software vendor. Workday was founded by David Duffield, founder and former CEO of ERP company PeopleSoft, along with former PeopleSoft chief strategist Aneel Bhusri, following Oracle's acquisition of PeopleSoft in 2005.

In October 2012, Workday launched a successful initial public offering (IPO) that valued the company at $9.5 billion. Competitors of Workday include SAP Successfactors, Dayforce, UKG, and Oracle.
Leonardite
Leonardite is a soft waxy, black or brown, shiny, vitreous mineraloid that is easily soluble in alkaline solutions. It is an oxidation product of lignite, associated with near-surface mining. It is a rich source of humic acid (up to 90%) and is used as a soil conditioner, as a stabilizer for ion-exchange resins in water treatment, in the remediation of polluted environments and as a drilling additive. It was named after A. G. Leonard, first director of the North Dakota Geological Survey, in recognition of his work on these deposits.

Soil conditioner
A soil conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s physical qualities, usually its fertility (ability to provide nutrition for plants) and sometimes its mechanics. In general usage, the term "soil conditioner" is often thought of as a subset of the category soil amendments (or soil improvement, soil condition), which more often is understood to include a wide range of fertilizers and non-organic materials. In the context of construction soil conditioning is also called soil stabilization.

Soil conditioners can be used to improve poor soils, or to rebuild soils which have been damaged by improper soil management. They can make poor soils more usable, and can be used to maintain soils in peak condition.
Mindset (computer)
The Mindset is an Intel 80186-based MS-DOS personal computer. It was developed by the Mindset Corporation and released in spring 1984. Unlike other IBM PC compatibles of the time, it has custom graphics hardware supporting a 320×200 resolution with 16 simultaneous colors (chosen from a 512-shade palette) and hardware-accelerated drawing capabilities, including a blitter, allowing it to update the screen 50 times as fast as an IBM standard color graphics adapter. The basic unit was priced at US$1,798 (equivalent to $5,440 in 2024). It is conceptually similar to the more successful Amiga released over a year later. Key engineers of both the Amiga and Mindset were ex-Atari, Inc. employees.

The system didn't sell well and was only on the market for about a year. This was lamented by industry commenters, who saw compatibility taking precedence over innovation. Its distinctive case remains in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

RF modulator
An RF modulator (radio frequency modulator) is an electronic device used to convert signals from devices such as media players, VCRs and game consoles to a format that can be handled by a device designed to receive a modulated RF input, such as a radio or television receiver. Its input is a baseband signal, which is used to modulate a radio frequency source.

RF modulators operate on different channels depending on the region and have been integrated into various home electronics. However, they tend to produce lower image quality than a baseband connection due to losses during the modulation and demodulation process. In professional broadcast settings, more sophisticated modulators are used.
South Alloa
South Alloa is a small village which lies in the far north of the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is on the south bank of the River Forth where the river empties and widens to form the Firth of Forth.

To the west of the village lies the island of Alloa Inch, and directly to the north across the Forth is the town of Alloa, located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) away. Upstream and 5 miles (8.0 km) west-northwest is the city of Stirling and 7.3 miles (11.7 km) south is Falkirk, the principal town of the Falkirk council area. It lies just inside the council boundary line between Falkirk and Stirling councils.

The village lies off the A905 road between Dunmore and Throsk. The village is at a former ferry crossing point across the River Forth to Alloa. Between 1850 and 1885 South Alloa railway station was the terminus of a line originally built by Scottish Central Railway.

The village had 112 residents in 2011, a 49% increase since the 2001 census.

Dunmore, Falkirk
Dunmore is a small village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It lies 6.5 miles (10.5 km) south east of Stirling and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of Falkirk. The village lies along the A905 road between Throsk and Airth on the banks of the River Forth.

The population of Dunmore was recorded as 70 in the United Kingdom Census 2001, and as 79 in the census of 1991.

Formerly known as Elphinstone Pans, the settlement was entirely remodelled as a planned village in the 1840s by the local landowner, the Countess of Dunmore. Dunmore is a conservation area.
Cohomological dimension
In abstract algebra, cohomological dimension is an invariant of a group which measures the homological complexity of its representations. It has important applications in geometric group theory, topology, and algebraic number theory.

John R. Stallings
John Robert Stallings Jr. (July 22, 1935 – November 24, 2008) was a mathematician known for his seminal contributions to geometric group theory and 3-manifold topology. Stallings was a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley where he had been a faculty member since 1967. He published over 50 papers, predominantly in the areas of geometric group theory and the topology of 3-manifolds. Stallings' most important contributions include a proof, in a 1960 paper, of the Poincaré Conjecture in dimensions greater than six and a proof, in a 1971 paper, of the Stallings theorem about ends of groups.
Een ster in de familie
Een Ster in de familie (A Star in the Family) is a Flemish TV show that was broadcast on VTM during the spring of 2011. The presentation is in the hands of Johan Terryn. In the show, parents are fooled by their kids and a well known Belgian celebrity. Everything is filmed with hidden cameras.

Hidden camera
A hidden camera or spy camera is a camera used to photograph or record subjects, often people, without their knowledge. The camera may be considered "hidden" because it is not visible to the subject being filmed, or is disguised as another object. Hidden cameras are often considered a surveillance tool.

The term "hidden camera" is commonly used when subjects are unaware that they are being recorded, usually lacking their knowledge and consent; the term "spy camera" is generally used when the subject would object to being recorded if they were aware of the camera's presence. In contrast, the phrase "security camera" refers to cameras that are visible and/or are accompanied by a warning notice of their presence, so the subject is aware of the camera's presence and knows they are being filmed.

The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues. There may be legal aspects to consider, depending on the jurisdiction in which they are used.
2022 U.S. Open Swimming Championships
The 2022 Toyota U.S. Open Swimming Championships took place from November 30 to December 3, 2022 at Greensboro Aquatic Center in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. Competition was conducted in a long course (50-meter) pool. Swimmers were allowed to compete representing their country, national swimming federation, or a swim club, or unattached.

U.S. Open (swimming)
The U.S. Open Swimming Championships, or U.S. Open, is a championship meet organized by USA Swimming which is open to international teams/swimmers. It was first held in 1985, and was held annually in December through 2006. Beginning in 2007, the meet's first-weekend-of-December timing was given over to the resurrected USA Short Course Nationals, and the U.S. Open moved to being held on an as-needed basis (generally in years where the USA championship that is swum is closed or partially closed to foreign swimmers). From 2007 to 2017, the meet was held in early August, in years where the U.S. Nationals were not held in August. In recent years, the meet has returned to the end of the calendar year.

The meet is traditionally a long course (50m) meet, although twice has been swum short course meters (25m): in 1996 and in 1998 (the latter where it immediately followed a World Aquatics Swimming World Cup meet).
2010 Team Milram season
The 2010 season for Team Milram, its last, began in January with the Tour Down Under and ended in October at the Giro di Lombardia. As a UCI ProTour team, they were automatically invited and obliged to attend every event in the ProTour. The team's ridership was largely unchanged from the 2009 season.

2010 Tour Down Under
The 2010 Tour Down Under was the 12th edition of the Tour Down Under cycling stage race. It was held from 19 to 24 January 2010 in and around Adelaide, South Australia. It was the first event in the 2010 UCI World Calendar. The race was won by André Greipel of Team HTC–Columbia after he won the sprint finishes to three of the race's stages.
The Best of Type O Negative
The Best of Type O Negative is an album from Roadrunner Records, featuring a collection of Type O Negative's music with the label. The album was released without Type O Negative's involvement (they were signed to SPV Records by the time of this compilation's release).

Songs from the albums The Origin of the Feces and then-new material from The Least Worst Of are not represented on the album. Despite being an unsanctioned release, the cover of Deep Purple's "Highway Star" does not appear on any other Type O Negative release and is exclusive to the compilation - with the exception of its previous inclusion on the compilation NASCAR: Crank It Up.

The album was released on September 12, 2006, simultaneously with similarly unsanctioned best-of collections of the bands Sepultura, Fear Factory, and Ill Niño.

Slow, Deep and Hard
Slow, Deep and Hard is the debut studio album by the American gothic metal band Type O Negative, released on June 11, 1991, through Roadrunner Records. The album was originally titled None More Negative, and released in 1990 as a demo under the group's former name Repulsion.
Benedict Joseph Flaget
Benedict Joseph Flaget SS (November 7, 1763 – February 11, 1850) was a French-born Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Bardstown from 1808 to 1839. When the see was transferred to Louisville in 1839, he became Bishop of Louisville, remaining in the post from 1839 to 1850. He was a member of the Sulpicians.

Vincennes, Indiana
Vincennes is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Indiana, United States. It is located on the lower Wabash River in the southwestern part of the state, nearly halfway between Evansville and Terre Haute. It was founded in 1732 by French fur traders, including the namesake François-Marie Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes. It is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Indiana and was its longest serving territorial capital. It is one of the oldest settlements west of the Appalachians. The population was 16,759 at the 2020 census.