hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philippe Ambroise Durand
Philippe Ambroise Durand (1799 – 11 February 1880) was a French abbé and chess writer.

Born in Fresné-la-Mère, Calvados, he was professor of rhetoric at Falaise and later taught philosophy at Lisieux before retiring in 1860.  Durand collaborated with Jean-Louis Preti to write three books on chess, including the two-volume Stratégie raisonnée des fins de partie (1871–73).  These were the first books devoted to the practical endgame, and included concepts such as conjugate squares and the opposition.  He is also said to have coined the chess term trébuchet. Durand died in Lisieux in 1880.

Abbé
Abbé (French: [abe]; from Latin abbas, in turn from Greek ἀββᾶς, abbas, from Aramaic abba, a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of abh, "father") is the French word for an abbot. It is also the title used for lower-ranking Catholic clergy in France who are not members of religious orders.
City Centre (Edinburgh ward)
City Centre is one of the seventeen wards used to elect members of the City of Edinburgh Council. Established in 2007 along with the other wards, it elects four Councillors. As its name suggests, the ward's territory is based around a compact area in the centre of Edinburgh, including Calton Hill, the Canongate, Haymarket, Lauriston, the New Town, the Old Town, West Coates and the West End. A minor 2017 boundary change saw the loss of Abbeyhill and the gain of Tollcross and Dumbiedykes, but the overall population rose considerably and one further representative was added. In 2019, the ward had a population of 32,410.

Old Town, Edinburgh
The Old Town (Scots: Auld Toun) is the oldest part of Scotland's capital city of Edinburgh. The area has preserved much of its medieval street plan and many Reformation-era buildings. Together with the 18th/19th-century New Town, it forms part of a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Flugopterus
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Flugopterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch. It contains a single species, F. raiblianus (Kner, 1887), previously placed in the genus †Megalopterus Kner, 1866 which was found to be preoccupied. It is known from the Raibl Formation of Austria. It likely belongs in the order Pholidophoriformes.

Rudolf Kner
Rudolf Ignaz Kner (24 August 1810 – 27 October 1869) was an Austrian geologist, paleontologist, zoologist and ichthyologist. He also wrote some poems which were published by his brother-in-law K.A. Kaltenbrunner.
Naamah (Genesis)
Naamah (Hebrew: נַעֲמָה – Naʿămā) is mentioned in the Bible, in Genesis 4:22, as a descendant of Cain. She was the only mentioned daughter of Lamech and Zillah and their youngest mentioned child; her brother was Tubal-cain, while Jabal and Jubal were her half-brothers, sons of Lamech's other wife Adah. She is often conflated with or connected to Naamah of the Zohar, one of the first women to seduce the grigori and give birth to nephilim.

Cain
Cain is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He is the elder brother of Abel, and the firstborn son of Adam and Eve, the first couple within the Bible. He was a farmer who gave an offering of his crops to God. However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the curse and mark of Cain. He had several descendants, starting with his son Enoch and including Lamech.

The narrative is notably unclear on God's reason for rejecting Cain's sacrifice. Some traditional interpretations within Abrahamic religions consider Cain to be the originator of evil, violence, or greed.
Hepatic artery proper
The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery) is the artery that supplies the liver and gallbladder. It raises from the common hepatic artery, a branch of the celiac artery.

The HAP accounts for 10% of hepatic blood flow and 30% of its oxygen supply, with the rest provided by the portal vein; this double blood supply makes the liver far more resilient to vascular disease than other major organs.

Left gastric artery
In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach before anastomosing with the right gastric artery (which runs right to left). It also issues esophageal branches that supply lower esophagus and ascend through the esophageal hiatus to form anastomoses with the esophageal branches of thoracic part of aorta.
Vicky Pruim
Vicky Pruim (born 24 February 1974) is a Belgian-born Swedish darts player who plays internationally for Sweden and in competitive darting events around the world.

Pruim started her career in 1987, successfully defending her Belgium No. 1 ladies title for 13 years. She moved to Sweden in 2002, where she gained Swedish nationality, and became part of the Swedish Darts Federation national team. She qualified for the BDO World Darts Championship in 2002, 2018, and 2020. Pruim reached the last 16 of the 2022 WDF World Darts Championship. She won the women's singles Gold Medal for Sweden at the 2017 WDF World Cup in Japan and achieved bronze for Sweden at the 2019 WDF World Cup in Romania. Pruim moved to England in 2019 and now resides in Chester with her partner Lainey Webb.

Trina Gulliver
Catrina Elizabeth Gulliver MBE (born 30 November 1969) is an English professional darts player. She is a 10-time British Darts Organisation (BDO) Women's World Champion. Nicknamed Golden Girl, she was named as the 2003 BBC Midlands Sports Personality of the Year.
Nikita Online
Nikita Online is a Russian publisher and developer of online games. Founded in 1991 and originally named NIKITA, it became the first Russian game company.

Currently Nikita Online operates with 19 titles in Russia, CIS and Baltic States. Those are online client games 4Story, Asda Story 2, Divine Souls, Dragon Knight, Avatarika, Karos Online, King of Kings 3, Rappelz, World of Dragons, Sphere, Sphere: Reborn, Dragona Online as well as browser-based I, the Feudal Lord, Lost Magic, FUBAR, The Panic Room: Outrage, The Kingdom, Ceiron Wars and Reborn Horizon. All the projects are integrated to the GameXP entertainment web-portal. The company's user base exceeds more than 11 million.

Nikita Online's offices are located in Moscow and Rostov-on-Don.

Parkan (series)
Parkan is a series of video games that combine space flight and trade simulation with first-person shooter style game play. Namely it allows players to board ships. "Parkan" is the name of the spaceship, which means boomerang for its shape.

Parkan: The Imperial Chronicles (Russian: Паркан: Хроника Империи) - the first game of the series, space simulator and first-person shooter

Parkan: Iron Strategy (Russian: Паркан: Железная Стратегия) - a spin-off first-person shooter and real-time strategy and mecha

Parkan: Iron Strategy. Part 2 (Russian: Паркан: Железная Стратегия. Часть 2) - a direct sequel to Parkan: Iron Strategy game.

Parkan II (Russian: Паркан II) - the newest game space simulator and first-person shooter
Bronius Kutavičius
Bronius Kutavičius (13 September 1932 – 29 September 2021) was a Lithuanian composer and academic composition teacher. He wrote numerous oratorios and operas, often inspired by ancient Lithuanian polytheistic beliefs and music. He also composed film scores, orchestral works and chamber music. Kutavičius is regarded as a symbol of Lithuanian cultural identity, both in music and in politics. Among many awards, he received the Lithuanian State Prize in 1987.

Sigitas Geda
Sigitas Geda (full name - Sigitas Zigmas Geda; 4 February 1943 – 12 December 2008) was a Lithuanian poet, translator, playwright, essayist, critic and a member of the Lithuanian independence movement, Sąjūdis, and of the Lithuanian parliament, Seimas.
Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Empire)
The Cadastre Bureau (Ottoman Turkish: Defter-Khané, Turkish: Tahrir-i Emlak Nezareti,) was an Ottoman Empire agency. The bureau served as a land registry (or cadastre of real estate), but did not classify any land themselves. George Young, author of Corps de droit ottoman, wrote that the common French translation was "Bureau de Cadastre", but he labeled it as the Ministry of the Cadastre (French: Ministère de Cadastre).
The agency appeared upon the end of the Crimean War.

Land registration
Land registration is any of various systems by which matters concerning ownership, possession, or other rights in land are formally recorded (usually with a government agency or department) to provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions, and prevent unlawful disposal. The information recorded and the protection provided by land registration varies widely by jurisdiction.

In common law countries, particularly in jurisdictions in the Commonwealth of Nations, when replacing the deeds registration system, title registrations are broadly classified into two basic types: the Torrens title system and the English system, a modified version of the Torrens system.

Cadastral systems and land registration are both types of land recording and complement each other.
ATHENA experiment
ATHENA, also known as the AD-1 experiment, was an antimatter research project at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN, Geneva. In August 2002, it was the first experiment to produce 50,000 low-energy antihydrogen atoms, as reported in Nature. In 2005, ATHENA was disbanded and many of the former members of the research team worked on the subsequent ALPHA experiment and AEgIS experiment.

Tesla (unit)
The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density (also called magnetic B-field strength) in the International System of Units (SI).

One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre. The unit was announced during the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and is named in honour of Serbian-American electrical and mechanical engineer Nikola Tesla, upon the proposal of the Slovenian electrical engineer France Avčin.
Inside Woody Allen
Inside Woody Allen is an American gag-a-day celebrity comics comic strip about the comedian and filmmaker Woody Allen. Drawn by Stuart Hample, the strip ran from October 4, 1976, to April 8, 1984.

The strip's first year was credited to a pseudonym, Joe Marthen. Hample's name appeared on the strip starting September 19, 1977.

Gag-a-day
A gag-a-day comic strip is the style of writing comic cartoons such that every installment of a strip delivers a complete joke or some other kind of artistic statement. It is opposed to story or continuity strips, which rely on the development of a story line across a sequence of the installments. Most syndicated comics are of this type. Another term for this distinction is non-serial (gag-a-day) vs. serial strips.

Compared to single-panel cartoons ("gag panels"), gag-a-day comic strips can deliver a better timing for the narrative of a joke.

The distinction between continuity and gag-a-day strip may be blurred: a continuous story may still be delivered in the gag-a-day format. In fact, Lynn Johnston recommends it for story strips, to keep the readership and engage new audience which may be not very familiar with the background of the story.
Putijarra dialect
Putijarra is one of the Wati languages of the large Pama–Nyungan family of Australia. It is sometimes counted as a dialect of the Western Desert Language, but is classified as a distinct language in Bowern.

It is one of the components of the Martu Wangka koine.

Martu Wangka dialect
Martu Wangka is a variety of the Western Desert language that emerged during the 20th century in Western Australia as several Indigenous communities shifted from their respective territories to form a single community.

It refers to both a dialect found at and around Jigalong, Western Australia: iii  and many different dialect groups in the Gibson, Little Sandy and Great Sandy deserts.

A dictionary of over 400 pages was published in 1992. This dictionary has been described as "a volume of interim work-sheets" that was published to encourage the conservation of the language. An edited version was published in 2005.: ii  An introduction to the structure and use of Martu Wangka was published in 2017.
Ljuljaci
Ljuljaci (Serbian Cyrillic: Љуљаци) is a village located in the Knić municipality in the Šumadija District, Serbia. According to the 2002 census there was 369 people inhabiting the village, in 1991 the number was 475.

Dragoslav Srejović, a famous Serbian archaeologist and academic traces his family origin (Srejovići) to this village, he has organized the excavations of the prehistoric Bronze Age tumuli which he defined of the Racha-Ljuljaci cultural group, a local variant of the Vatin culture. Triballi (Thracian) tombs have been found on the site. The village is a former gradina.

Šumadija District
The Šumadija District (Serbian: Шумадијски округ, romanized: Šumadijski okrug, pronounced [ʃumǎdijskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It is located in the geographical region of Šumadija. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 269,728 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Šumadija District is the city of Kragujevac.
KO One Return
KO One Return (traditional Chinese: 終極一班2; simplified Chinese: 终极一班2; pinyin: zhōng jí yī bān 2; literally: "The Ultimate Class 2") is a 2012 Taiwanese drama starring Jiro Wang, Pets Tseng, Sam, Brent, and Sylvia Wang. It was produced by Comic International Productions (可米國際影視事業股份有限公司) and Gala Television, it was wrapped on July 7, 2012. it was first broadcast in Taiwan on cable TV Gala Television (GTV) Variety Show/CH 28 (八大綜合台) on December 26, 2012 to February 5, 2013.

Taiwanese television drama
Taiwanese drama (Chinese: 台灣電視劇; pinyin: Táiwān Diànshìjù, also known as T.W. drama) refer to dramatic programming of television programming extended stories usually dramatizing relationships through the general range of ten to forty one-hour episodes. They are produced in Taiwan and have gained increasing popularity in the Mandarin-speaking community internationally. The term "Taiwanese drama" is applied to Taiwanese miniseries in general, even including those with greater elements of comedy than of drama.
1998 Chinese Football Super Cup
The 1998 Chinese Football Super Cup (Chinese: 1998年度中国足球超霸杯赛) was the 4th Chinese Football Super Cup, contested by Chinese Jia-A League 1998 winners Dalian Wanda Shide and 1998 Chinese FA Cup winners Shanghai Shenhua. Shanghai Shenhua beat Dalian Wanda Shide 3–0 and won their second Chinese Football Super Cup title.

1998 Chinese Jia-A League
The 1998 Chinese Jia-A League season (known as Marlboro Jia-A League for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of professional association football and the 37th top-tier overall league season held in China. The league, which was expanded to 14 teams, started on March 22 and ended on October 25, where it saw Dalian Wanda win their third consecutive league title.
DuPhos
DuPhos is a class of organophosphorus compound that are used ligands for asymmetric synthesis. The name DuPhos is derived from (1) the chemical company that sponsored the research leading to this ligand's invention, DuPont and (2) the compound is a diphosphine ligand type. Specifically it is classified as a C2-symmetric ligand, consisting of two phospholanes rings affixed to a benzene ring.

The ligand was introduced in 1991 by M.J. Burk and first demonstrated in asymmetric hydrogenation of certain enamide esters to amino acid precursors:

Other chiral diphosphine ligands were known at the time of invention, e.g. DIOP, DIPAMP, CHIRAPHOS, but DuPhos was found to be more effective.

DIOP
DIOP (2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a chiral ligand in asymmetric catalysis.  It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.

DIOP is prepared from the acetonide of d,l-tartaric acid, which is reduced prior to attachment of the PPh2 substituents.
Dave Windass
Dave Windass, born in west Hull in 1965, is an English playwright.

Windass is a former theatre critic for The Stage and a journalist for the Hull Daily Mail. While part of the new writers group  at Hull Truck Theatre, he wrote his first full-length play in 2005, Kicked into Touch, about the 1980 Challenge Cup Final when Hull Kingston Rovers met archrivals Hull FC at Wembley, and then wrote the play Sully, a biography of the rugby league legend Clive Sullivan in 2006. He became a full-time playwright in 2007, and received a grant from Arts Council England to write a play about J. Arthur Rank. He used his experience of working at the Hull Daily Mail to tell the story of the community and people around the RNLI station at Spurn Point on the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in the play On A Shout, which was premiered at Hull Truck Theatre in January 2008.

Hull Daily Mail
The Hull Daily Mail is an English regional daily newspaper for Kingston upon Hull, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The Hull Daily Mail has been circulated in various guises since 1885. A second edition, the East Riding Mail, covers East Yorkshire outside the city of Hull. The paper publishes everyday except Sunday.

The paper is published by Mail News & Media. Mail News & Media also publishes two free weekly newspapers, the Hull Advertiser and Beverley Advertiser, and a monthly magazine, The Journal. In 2012, Local World acquired owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust. Trinity Mirror purchased Local World in 2015, and is now known as Reach plc.
1 Chronicles 27
1 Chronicles 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter comprises five parts: David's military divisions and their commanders  (verses 1–15), the leaders of the tribes  (verses 16–22), a comment on the census (verses 23–24), David's civil officers (verses 25–31), and David's advisers (verses 32–34). The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30), which from chapter 22 to the end does not have parallel in 2 Samuel.

1 Chronicles 22
1 Chronicles 22 is the twenty-two chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter records David's preparation to build the temple, consisting of three parts: (1) David's (own) preparations for the temple's construction (verses 2–5); (2) David's speech to Solomon (verses 6–16); (3) David's speech to Israel's rulers (verses 17–19). The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30), which from this chapter to the end does not have parallel in 2 Samuel.
Marrubiu
Marrubiu (Marrùbiu in the Sardinian language) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Oristano.

Marrubiu borders the following municipalities: Ales, Arborea, Morgongiori, Santa Giusta, Terralba, Uras.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
Duke of Guimarães
Duke of Guimarães was a Nobility title granted by King Afonso V of Portugal in 1475, to Ferdinand II, 3rd Duke of Braganza. The king just upgraded the previous title of count of Guimarães, that he granted to the same Duke of Braganza, some years before (in 1464).

When Isabel of Braganza married Infante Duarte, King Manuel I of Portugal's youngest son, her brother, Teodósio I, Duke of Braganza ceded the dukedom as her dowry, and Duarte became the 4th duke of Guimarães. As their son (Duarte II, 5th duke of Guimarães) died without issue, the dukedom returned to the crown, but was soon granted again to the House of Braganza, when king Philip III of Portugal, gave it to John II, 8th Duke of Braganza.

Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. In Western European tradition, the title of duke ranked among the highest nobility, generally just below the monarch and above counts or earls.

Historically, there was a significant distinction between sovereign dukes, who ruled independent states, and dukes who were simply noblemen within larger kingdoms. Some duchies functioned as sovereign states in regions that only later became unified nation‑states, such as Germany (once the Holy Roman Empire, a federal empire) and Italy (later a unified kingdom). By contrast, other duchies were subordinate territories within kingdoms that had already consolidated, either partially or fully, during the medieval era: examples include France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States.
Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors
The discovery of an orally inactive peptide from snake venom established the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regulating blood pressure. This led to the development of captopril, the first ACE inhibitor. When the adverse effects of captopril became apparent new derivates were designed. Then after the discovery of two active sites of ACE: N-domain and C-domain, the development of domain-specific ACE inhibitors began.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Ring of Fire (band)
Ring of Fire is an American progressive power metal band from Chula Vista, California formed in 2000. Fronted by former Yngwie J. Malmsteen collaborator Mark Boals after the release of his solo album Ring of Fire, the band also included guitarist Tony MacAlpine, Planet X drummer Virgil Donati, grammy-award-winning bassist Philip Bynoe, and keyboardist Steve Weingart. Ring of Fire released three studio albums between 2001 and 2004, as well as a live album, Burning Live In Tokyo 2002. After disbanding, Boals, MacAlpine, and Donati later formed Seven the Hardway. Boals, MacAlpine, and keyboardist Vitalij Kuprij returned in 2014 with their fourth studio album Battle of Leningrad. On 20 February 2024, Kuprij died due to a cardiac arrest at 49 years old.

Seven the Hardway
Seven the Hardway is a US progressive rock band formed in 2009 consisting of Tony MacAlpine, Virgil Donati, Mark Boals, Doug Shreeve and Stefanía Daniel.

Their self-titled debut album, released in August 2010 on Mascot/Provogue Records, was mixed by Roy Z and mastered by Maor Appelbaum. It features artwork by Dale O’Dell but does not feature band members Shreeve and Daniel as MacAlpine recorded all the guitars and bass.

In January 2011, Nili Brosh joined the band replacing Stefania Daniel.