hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John G. Lindberg
John Gustaf Lindberg (22 June 1884 – 23 November 1973) was a Finnish ophthalmologist who was the first to describe exfoliation syndrome, an age-related degenerative disease of the eye that often complicates glaucoma and cataract surgery, in his doctoral thesis that he wrote in St. Petersburg and defended in March 1917 in Helsinki, Finland, at that time a Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire.

Theodor Axenfeld
Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpus Axenfeld (24 June 1867 – 29 July 1930) was a German ophthalmologist born in Smyrna (İzmir) in the Ottoman Empire to a German minister, who was a Jewish convert to Christianity and served as missionary in Asia Minor. As a child his family moved back to Germany, settling in the town of Godesberg.

He received his medical doctorate in 1890 from the University of Marburg. In 1896 he became an assistant to Wilhelm Uhthoff (1853–1927) at Breslau, and during the following year, was appointed director of the university eye clinic in Rostock. In 1901 he attained the chair of ophthalmology in Freiburg, where he remained until his death in 1930. In 1925 he was chosen as president of the German Ophthalmological Society (Deutsche ophthalmologische Gesellschaft).
2021 Henry 180
The 2021 Henry 180 was the 17th stock car race of the 2021 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, and the 12th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 3, 2021 at Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin in Road America, a 4.048 miles (6.515 km) permanent road course. The race took 45 laps to complete. After suffering damage, Kyle Busch of Kyle Busch Motorsports would rally back to the front and would win his 101st career NASCAR Xfinity Series race and his fourth of the season. To fill out the podium positions, Daniel Hemric of Joe Gibbs Racing and Michael Annett of JR Motorsports would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Road America
Road America is a motorsport road course near Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin on Wisconsin Highway 67. It has hosted races since the 1950s and currently hosts races in the IndyCar Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, Sports Car Club of America GT World Challenge America and Trans-Am Series and the MotoAmerica Superbike Championship.
Narlıca, Kulp
Narlıca (Armenian: Թիախս, romanized: Tiakhs, Kurdish: Tiyaqs) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kulp, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds and had a population of 285 in 2022.

Kulp, Turkey
Kulp (Kurdish: Pasûr, Ottoman Turkish: قولب, romanized: Qulb, central district: Ottoman Turkish: پاصور, romanized: Pasur, Armenian: Խուլփ, romanized: Khulp) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,493 km2, and its population is 34,357 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
History of local government in Scotland
The history of local government in Scotland is a complex tale of largely ancient and long established Scottish political units being replaced after the mid 20th century by a frequently changing series of different local government arrangements.

Mormaer
In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a Toísech (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'.
2023 International Darts Open
The 2023 Interwetten International Darts Open was the third of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2023 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the SACHSENarena, Riesa, Germany from 31 March–2 April 2023. It featured a field of 48 players and £175,000 in prize money, with £30,000 going to the winner.

The defending champion was Gerwyn Price, who defeated Peter Wright 8–4 in the 2022 final.

Price successfully defended his title, winning his second consecutive and eighth overall European title, after defeating Michael van Gerwen 8–4 in the final. He won the International Darts Open for the fourth time.

The event was the 100th PDC European Tour event.

2022 International Darts Open
The 2022 Interwetten International Darts Open was the first of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2022 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the SACHSENarena, Riesa from 25 to 27 February 2022. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Joe Cullen was the defending champion after defeating Michael van Gerwen 8–5 in the 2020 final, but lost to Nathan Aspinall in the third round.

Gerwyn Price won his sixth European Tour title after beating Peter Wright 8–4 in the final, retaining his status as world number one, which he would have surrendered to Wright had he lost.
Rouge de l'Ouest
The Rouge de l'Ouest (also known as Tête rouge du Maine) is breed of domestic sheep originating in France. The breed's name, which literally translates from French as "Red of the West", refers to its region of origin and its unique pinkish face and legs. It was developed in the Maine et Loire department of France, through crossing local landrace sheep with Wensleydales and Bluefaced Leicesters. The French registry was established in 1968, and the U.K. registry was in 1986.

The Rouge was originally a dairy sheep breed used to produce Camembert cheese, but is now primarily raised for meat. Particularly, Rouge rams are used as sires for market lambs. It has medium length wool, a polled head, and a well-muscled body. Despite its quite different appearance, it is related to the Bleu du Maine. The average fleece weight for the Rouge is 1.5 kg (0.68 lbs) to 2.0 kg (0.9 lbs) with a staple length of 4 cm (1.8 inches) to 5 cm (2.3 inches) and a spinning count of 58's to 60's.

Wensleydale sheep
The Wensleydale is a British breed of domestic sheep. It is named for the Wensleydale region of North Yorkshire, in the north of England, where it was bred in the early nineteenth century by cross-breeding a Dishley Leicester ram with local long-woolled sheep of a breed that is now extinct. It has a blue-grey face and long purled wool, and is among the heaviest of British sheep breeds. It is an endangered breed, and is categorised as "at risk" by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. It is often used as a ram breed to cross with other breeds to obtain market lambs, and for its high-quality wool.
1995 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1995 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 98th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Birr entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 28 October 1995 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Seir Kieran and St Rynagh's, in what was their second meeting in the final overall. Seir Kieran won the match by 0–10 to 0–09 to claim their second championship title overall and a first championship title in seven years.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
Deaths in June 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Hampton (place name)
The place name Hampton is of Old English origin and is common in England, particularly in the South of England and Central England. It can exist as a name in its own right or as a prefix or suffix. The name suggests a farm settlement, especially one where pastoral farmers keep livestock on flood-meadow pastures.

The name was exported around the world both as a place-name and as a surname, especially to those countries where the English language is an official language. Examples of place-names include:

Hampton – Australia

Hampton – Canada

Hampton – United States

Victor Watts
Victor Watts, FSA, FRHistS (18 April 1938 – 21 December 2002) was a British toponymist, medievalist, translator, and academic, specialising in English place-names. He served as Master of Grey College, Durham from 1989 until his sudden death in 2002. He had been a lecturer in English at Durham University from 1962, honorary director of the English Place-Name Survey from 1993, and editor of the Journal of the English Place-Name Society from 1996.
Faroese Society
The Faroese Society (Faroese: Føringafelag) was a Faroese association.

The society was established on January 6, 1889 with a twofold objective: 1) For the Faroese language to regain its honor and dignity, and 2) For the Faroese to stick together and develop in all areas so that they can fend for themselves.

Poor weather had prevented many people from the most remote villages from attending the Christmas Meeting of 1888 on the second day of Christmas in Tórshavn. A second meeting was therefore convened on January 6, 1889. As at the Christmas Meeting, Rasmus Effersøe and Jóannes Patursson attended and were the leading forces there.

In 1890 the society established its own newspaper, Føringatíðindi (The Faroes Journal).

The society disbanded in 1901.

Christmas Meeting of 1888
The Christmas Meeting of 1888 (Faroese: Jólafundurin 1888) is considered to be the official start of the Faroese National Movement.

In spite of a raging storm and slushy roads, a large crowd of people gathered in the house of the Løgting that afternoon. Speeches were made and patriotic songs were sung. The highlight of the meeting came when the poet Rasmus Effersøe recited a battle hymn written for the occasion by young Jóannes Patursson. The message of the lengthy poem was evident in the first stanza:

Now the hour has come,

when we must join hands

and rally around

our native tongue.
Muraltia minuta
Muraltia minuta (mini purple gorse) is a flowering plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It is endemic to rocky flats to about 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level in the south-western Cape Province, South Africa.

It is a perennial erect or spreading subshrub with a height between 6 and 20 centimetres (2.4 and 7.9 in) and branches mainly at its base. The plant's clustered leaves are softly-haired and have sharp tips. It produces pink flowers which are stalkless, the calyx is at least half the length of the corolla. It is categorised on the Red List of South African Plants as Endangered due to invasive species and habitat loss.

Muraltia minuta was first written about by Margaret Levyns in 1954 in the Journal of South African Botany. It was named "minuta", the Latin word for "small", in reference to the plant's small size.

Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ca. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts.

The family was first described in 1809 by Johann Hoffmansegg and Johann Link. In 1896, Robert Chodat split it into three tribes. A fourth tribe was split off from the tribe Polygaleae in 1992.  Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. Currently, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, the family belongs in Fabales.
St Peter's Church, Llanwenarth
The Church of St Peter, Llanwenarth, Monmouthshire is a parish church with reported origins in the 6/7th centuries. The current building dates from the early 14th century. Rebuilt in the 19th century, it was listed Grade II* in 1956. It remains an active Church in Wales church in the parish of Llanwenarth Citra.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
Multi-monitor
Multi-monitor, also called multi-display and multi-head, is the use of multiple physical display devices, such as monitors, televisions, and projectors, in order to increase the area available for computer programs running on a single computer system. Research studies show that, depending on the type of work, multi-head may increase the productivity by between 50 and 70 percent.

One way to extend the number of displays on one computer is to add displays via USB. Starting in 2006, DisplayLink released several chips for USB support on VGA/DVI/LVDS and other interfaces. Multiple computers can be connected to provide a single display, e.g. over Gigabit Ethernet/Ethernet to drive a large video wall, or multiple monitors can be connected to a single graphics card, with multiple video ports.

Display device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer monitors.
Pádraig Walsh
Pádraig Walsh (born 12 March 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Tullaroan and previously at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre back

2019 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 2019 Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1929. The championship began on 21 September 2019 and ended on 27 October 2019.

On 27 October 2019, Tullaroan won the championship after a 3–18 to 0–21 defeat of Thomastown in the final at UPMC Nowlan Park. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1988.

Paul Holden from the Young Irelands club was the championship's top scorer with 2-40.
Glossary of astronomy
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of sophisticated terminology.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
Tillamook Airport
Tillamook Airport (IATA: OTK, ICAO: KTMK, FAA LID: TMK) is a public use airport located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the central business district of Tillamook, a city in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. It is owned by the Port of Tillamook Bay. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a general aviation facility.

The airfield was developed from the former Naval Air Station Tillamook and serves as the home to the Tillamook Air Museum.

Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned TMK by the FAA and OTK by the IATA (which assigned TMK to Tam-Ky, Vietnam).

Tillamook Air Museum
The Tillamook Air Museum is an aviation museum south of Tillamook, Oregon, United States. The museum is located at a former U.S. Navy Air Station and housed in a former blimp hangar, known as "Hangar B", which is the largest clear span wooden structure in the world.
Angus William McDonald
Angus William McDonald (February 14, 1799 – December 1, 1864) was a 19th-century American military officer and lawyer in the U.S. state of Virginia. He also served as a colonel in command of the Confederate States Army's 7th Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. McDonald was appointed to serve in a number of prominent political positions including a superintendent overseeing the construction of the Northwestern Turnpike and a commissioner representing Virginia in its boundary dispute with Maryland. McDonald was the grandson of Virginia military officer and frontiersman, Angus McDonald (1727–1778) and the father of United States Fish Commissioner Marshall McDonald (1835–1895).

Mineral County, West Virginia
Mineral County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is part of the Cumberland metropolitan area, together with Cumberland, Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,938. Its county seat is Keyser. The county was founded in 1866.
Palazzo Contarini delle Figure
The Palazzo Contarini delle Figure is a Renaissance-style palace located between the  Palazzo Mocenigo Ca' Vecchia and Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo, across the Grand Canal from the Palazzo Civran Grimani in the sestiere di San Marco in the city of Venice, Italy.

Palazzo Civran Grimani
Palazzo Civran Grimani is a Neoclassical palace in Venice, Italy. The palazzo is located in the San Polo district, overlooking the Grand Canal at the confluence with Rio della Frescada, between Palazzo Dandolo Paolucci and Palazzo Caotorta-Angaran.
Ágúst Björgvinsson
Ágúst Sigurður Björgvinsson (born 16 January 1979) is an Icelandic professional basketball coach who last coached Úrvalsdeild karla club Valur. He was the head coach of the Icelandic women's national basketball team from 2007 to 2009 and won back-to-back national championships with Haukar women's team in 2006 and 2007.

Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup
The Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni KKÍ) is an annual basketball competition between clubs in Iceland. It is Iceland's first-tier cup competition, and is not to be confused with Iceland's former second-tier cup competition, the Company Cup.
Philadelphia Journal
The Philadelphia Journal was a tabloid newspaper published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from December 5, 1977, until December 15, 1981.  The paper, described by the Associated Press, as "a tabloid that focused on sports, entertainment and crime", was the first venture into the United States market for the parent corporation, Quebecor, a Canadian publishing house.

Quebecor
Quebecor Inc. is a Canadian diversified media and telecommunications company serving Quebec based in Montreal. It was spelled Quebecor in both English and French until May 2012, when shareholders voted to add the acute accent, Québecor, in French only.

The company was founded in 1965 by Pierre Péladeau and remains run by his family. Quebecor Inc. owns Quebecor Media and formerly owned the printing company Quebecor World.
2017 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The 2017 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships was the 34th edition of the global wildwater canoeing competition, Wildwater Canoeing World Championships, organised by the International Canoe Federation.

Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The Wildwater Canoeing World Championships are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every two years from 1959 to 1995 and then from 1996 to 2001, from 2011 the event is annual.
Katrīna Gupalo
Katrina Gupalo (born 17 July 1990) is a Latvian singer, songwriter and pianist, as well as an Actor, radio personality, and social activist. She works primarily in the field of popular music, performing in Latvia and internationally both as a solo artist and as part of various ensembles. She gained wider recognition in Latvia through her original music and her participation in the Latvian Television song competition Radīti mūzikai, where she placed second in 2014, as well as through her active involvement in social and charitable initiatives.

Imants Kalniņš
Imants Kalniņš (born 26 May 1941) is a Latvian composer, musician and politician. Having studied classical and choral music, he has written seven symphonies, several operas (including the first rock opera in the USSR, Ei, jūs tur!), oratorios, cantatas, choir songs, a lot of movie and theater music. However, he is generally best known for his rock songs. In 2021, Kalniņš received the Grand Music Award for lifetime achievement.

Furthermore, he served as a member of the 5th, 7th, 8th, and 9th sitting of the Saeima, the parliament of Latvia, from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1998 through 2010, representing the For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK party.
Clifford parallel
In elliptic geometry, two lines are Clifford parallel or paratactic lines if the perpendicular distance between them is constant from point to point. The concept was first studied by William Kingdon Clifford in elliptic space and appears only in spaces of at least three dimensions. Since parallel lines have the property of equidistance, the term "parallel" was appropriated from Euclidean geometry, although the "lines" of elliptic geometry are geodesic curves and, unlike the lines of Euclidean geometry, are of finite length.

The algebra of quaternions provides a descriptive geometry of elliptic space in which Clifford parallelism is made explicit.
Clifford bundle is a topological construction based on Clifford parallel pointed out by Heinz Hopf (1931)

Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space
In mathematics, the group of rotations about a fixed point in four-dimensional Euclidean space is denoted SO(4). The name comes from the fact that it is the special orthogonal group of 4 by 4 real matrices.

In this article rotation means rotational displacement. For the sake of uniqueness, rotation angles are assumed to be in the segment [0, π] except where mentioned or clearly implied by the context otherwise.

A "fixed plane" is a plane for which every vector in the plane is unchanged after the rotation. An "invariant plane" is a plane for which every vector in the plane, although it may be affected by the rotation, remains in the plane after the rotation.
General de flotilă aeriană
General de flotilă aeriană (lit. 'Air flotilla general') is a rank in the Romanian Air Force, introduced on 11 July 1995. Within the NATO rank structure is rated OF-6, as such is equivalent to Brigadier general or Air commodore. The previous Royal Romanian Air Force of the Kingdom of Romania also had a similar rank called General de escadră aeriană.

Royal Romanian Air Force
The Air Force branch of the Royal Romanian forces in World War II was officially named the Aeronautica Regală Română (ARR, lit. 'Romanian Royal Aeronautics'), though it is more commonly referred to in English histories as the Forțele Aeriene Regale ale României (Royal Romanian Air Force, FARR), or simply Forțele Aeriene Române (Romanian Air Force). It provided support to land forces, carrying out reconnaissance and mounting air raids between other missions.