hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marek Citko
Marek Citko (born 27 March 1974) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as an offensive midfielder. During the professional career Citko represented numerous clubs in Poland and outside the native country, including Włókniarz Białystok, Jagiellonia Białystok, Widzew Łódź, Legia Warsaw, Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Hapoel Be'er Sheva, FC Aarau, Cracovia and Polonia Warsaw.

FC Aarau
FC Aarau is a Swiss professional football club based in Aarau. Founded in 1902, the club competes in the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of Swiss football after being relegated from the Swiss Super League.
Xiuzhen Tu
The Xiuzhen tu (simplified Chinese: 修真图; traditional Chinese: 修真圖; pinyin: Xiūzhēn tú; Wade–Giles: Hsiu-chen t'u) is a Daoist diagram of the human body illustrating the preventative Chinese medical principles called  Neidan 'internal alchemy', incorporating Chinese astrology, and cosmology.

Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on traditional Chinese astronomy and the Chinese calendar. Chinese astrology flourished during the Han dynasty (2nd century BC to 2nd century AD).

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy (theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth, and human), and uses the principles of yin and yang, wuxing (five phases), the ten Heavenly Stems, the twelve Earthly Branches, the lunisolar calendar (moon calendar and sun calendar), and the time calculation after year, month, day, and shichen (時辰, double hour). These concepts are not readily found or familiar in Western astrology or culture.
Rog Island
Rog Island (Bulgarian: остров Рог, romanized: ostrov Rog, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈrɔk]) is the partly ice-free island 557 m long in west–east direction and 208 m wide in the Dannebrog Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 5.06 ha.

The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling an animal horn ('rog' in Bulgarian), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.

Booth Island
Booth Island (or Wandel Island; 65°4′48″S 64°0′0″W﻿ / ﻿65.08000°S 64.00000°W﻿ / -65.08000; -64.00000﻿ (Booth Island)) is a Y-shaped island, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long and rising to 980 metres (3,220 ft) in the northeast part of the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica.
2-Methylbutanoic acid
2-Methylbutanoic acid, also known as 2-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH(CH3)CO2H. It is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. It exists in two enantiomeric forms, (R)- and (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid.  (R)-2-methylbutanoic acid occurs naturally in cocoa beans and (S)-2-methylbutanoic occurs in many fruits such as apples and apricots, as well as in the scent of the orchid Luisia curtisii.

Valeric acid
Valeric acid or  pentanoic acid is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor.  It is found in the perennial flowering plant Valeriana officinalis, from which it gets its name. Its primary use is in the synthesis of its esters. Salts and esters of valeric acid are known as valerates or pentanoates. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Several, including ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavors.
Jasieniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Jasieniec [jaˈɕɛɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Słupia, 32 km (20 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Słupia, Jędrzejów County
Słupia [ˈswupja] is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słupia. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) west of Jędrzejów and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Derbyite theory of Shakespeare authorship
The Derbyite theory of Shakespeare authorship is the view that William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (1561–1642), was the true author of the works of William Shakespeare. Derby is one of several individuals who have been claimed by advocates of the Shakespeare authorship question to be the true author of Shakespeare's works.

The theory was first proposed in 1891, and was taken up predominantly by French writers in the mid-twentieth century.

Mainstream scholarship dismisses all alternative candidates for authorship of the works, but accepts that Shakespeare sometimes worked in collaborations with other professional playwrights such as George Peele and John Fletcher. Some mainstream writers have taken the view that Derby may have had links to Shakespeare. Some of the Derbyite arguments about Love's Labour's Lost and A Midsummer Night's Dream have also been integrated into mainstream scholarship.

William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby
William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (1561 – 29 September 1642) was an English nobleman and politician. Stanley inherited a prominent social position that was both dangerous and unstable, as his mother was heir to Queen Elizabeth I under the Third Succession Act, a position inherited in 1596 by his deceased brother's oldest daughter, Anne, two years after William had inherited the Earldom from his brother. After a period of European travel in his youth, a long legal battle eventually consolidated his social position. Nevertheless, he was careful to remain circumspect in national politics, devoting himself to administration and cultural projects, including playwriting.

His own literary works are lost or unidentified, but in the 1890s he was put forward as one of the contenders to be the true author of the works of William Shakespeare, according to some proponents of the Shakespeare authorship question.
Los Angeles World Affairs Council
The Los Angeles World Affairs Council & Town Hall (LAWACTH), the Los Angeles office within the national network of World Affairs Councils of America, is a non-profit, non-partisan organization which arranges speaker events, debates, seminars, and film screenings with international themes. It is a membership-based organization supported by membership fees and contributions. Speakers have included heads of state, political leaders, and entrepreneurs in technology and science.  A subset within the LAWAC is the Young Professionals program, which engages young people in the workforce in global affairs issues and networking.

World Affairs Councils of America
The World Affairs Councils of America is a network of 90 autonomous and nonpartisan councils serving 43 states. As of 2024, it has an annual reach of over 250,000 people. It is the largest nonprofit international affairs organization in the United States.
1900 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles
Myrtle McAteer won the singles tennis title of the 1900 U.S. Women's National Singles Championship by defeating Edith Parker 6–2, 6–2, 6–0 in the final of the All Comers' competition. The reigning champion Marion Jones did not defend her title and therefore no challenge round was held. The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Wissahickon Heights, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia from June 19 through June 23, 1900.

Philadelphia Cricket Club
The Philadelphia Cricket Club is a country club in Pennsylvania, United States, being the oldest of its kind in the country.

The club was established in 1854 in southeastern Pennsylvania, and has two locations, one in Chestnut Hill and the other in Flourtown, north-northwest of downtown Philadelphia.

Sports practised at the club include cricket, golf, squash, swimming, tennis, platform tennis, pickleball, and padel.
B Corporation (certification)
In business, a company that uses the “Certified B Corporation” trademark (also B Corporation  or B Corp) is a for-profit corporation certified for its social impact by B Lab, a private global non-profit organization. To be granted and to maintain certification, a company must receive a minimum score of 80 from an assessment of its social and environmental performance, integrate B Corp commitments to stakeholders into company governing documents, and pay an annual fee based on annual sales. Companies must re-certify every three years to retain B Corporation status.

As of March 2025, there are 9,576 certified B Corporations across 160 industries in 102 countries.

Corporate governance
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, practices, and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated by their boards of directors, managers, shareholders, and stakeholders.
Zośka Battalion
Battalion Zośka (pronounced /'zɔɕ.ka/; 'Sophie' in Polish) was a paramilitary scouts battalion that specialized in field intelligence gathering, irregular warfare and scouting of the Polish resistance movement organisation - Home Army (Armia Krajowa or "AK") during World War II. It mainly consisted of members of the Szare Szeregi paramilitary Boy Scouts. It was formed in late August 1943. A part of the Radosław Group, the battalion played a major role in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

Zośka was named after Tadeusz Zawadzki, who used the name as his pseudonym during the AK's early days. He was killed during a partisan action.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
CSL Limited
CSL Limited is an Australian multinational specialty biotechnology company that researches, develops, manufactures, and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include blood plasma derivatives, vaccines, antivenom, and cell culture reagents used in various medical and genetic research and manufacturing applications. The company was established in 1916 as Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and was wholly owned by the Australian federal government until its privatisation in 1994.

Antithrombin
Antithrombin (AT) is a small glycoprotein that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. It is a 464-amino-acid protein produced by the liver. It contains three disulfide bonds and a total of four possible glycosylation sites. α-Antithrombin is the dominant form of antithrombin found in blood plasma and has an oligosaccharide occupying each of its four glycosylation sites. A single glycosylation site remains consistently un-occupied in the minor form of antithrombin, β-antithrombin. Its activity is increased manyfold by the anticoagulant drug heparin, which enhances the binding of antithrombin to factor IIa (thrombin) and factor Xa.
Confederate Monument in Versailles
The Confederate Monument, in the city cemetery of Versailles, Kentucky, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1997, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS.

The monument, with its unique shape, was made of white marble and put on a base of concrete and limestone.  It was erected in 1877.  Names of Confederate veterans are on each side of the hexagon, with graves encircling it.

Versailles, Kentucky
Versailles is a home rule-class city in Woodford County, Kentucky, United States. It lies 13 miles (21 kilometers) by road west of Lexington and is part of the Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area. Versailles has a population of 10,534 according to 2024 census estimates. It is the county seat of Woodford County. The city's name is pronounced /vərˈseɪlz/ vər-SAYLZ, an anglicization different from the French pronunciation of the royal city of the same name near Paris.
Some Remarks on Logical Form
"Some Remarks on Logical Form" (1929) was the only academic paper ever published by Ludwig Wittgenstein. It contained Wittgenstein's thinking on logic and the philosophy of mathematics immediately before the rupture that divided the early Wittgenstein of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus from the later Wittgenstein represented in the Philosophical Investigations. The approach to logical form in the paper reflected Frank P. Ramsey's critique of Wittgenstein's account of color in the Tractatus, and has been analyzed by G. E. M. Anscombe and Jaakko Hintikka, among others. In a letter to the editor of Mind in 1933 Wittgenstein referred to it as "a short (and weak) article".

Philosophical Investigations
Philosophical Investigations (German: Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, published posthumously in 1953.

Philosophical Investigations is divided into two parts, consisting of what Wittgenstein calls, in the preface, Bemerkungen, translated by G. E. M. Anscombe as "remarks".

A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy.
Yeo Cheow Tong
Yeo Cheow Tong (simplified Chinese: 姚照东; traditional Chinese: 姚照東; pinyin: Yáo Zhàodōng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iô Chiàu-tong; born 22 June 1947) is a former Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he served in the Cabinet from 1990 to 2006, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) of Hong Kah Single Member Constituency (SMC) from 12 December 1984 to 17 August 1988 and MP of Hong Kah Group Representation Constituency (GRC) from 24 August 1988 to 19 April 2011 for almost 27 years.

Ministry of Health (Singapore)
The Ministry of Health (MOH; Malay: Kementerian Kesihatan; Chinese: 卫生部; Tamil: சுகாதார அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for managing the public healthcare system in Singapore.
Jalalpur Chattha
Jalalpur Chattha (جلال پور چٹھہ), also known as Chuattiyan (چواتیاں), is a village in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the southernmost village in the district, bordering Gujrat District. The village had an estimated population of around 7,000 at the time of the 2017 census.

Kot Hara
Kot Hara (Urdu: کوٹ ہرا , Punjabi: ہرے دا کوٹ), also known as "Haray Da Kot", is a village in Gujranwala District, Punjab Province in Pakistan, located on Pindi Bhattian road. It is centered at the intersection of Mandi Bahauddin Road and Wazirabad Road. Much of the occupants are Jatt Chatthas. Besides conventional agriculture, aquaculture is also practiced in the shape of fish farms in the vicinity of the village. It was a crossroads of local trade during the British Raj. The two main towns in its surroundings (Rasool Nagar, Alipur Chattha) are popular local markets or "Mandis" where the local producers sell their goods. About 10 km north west of the village lies the Qadirabad Headworks on the Chenab river, supplying water to the canals surrounding the village. The village has a government primary and middle school which also caters to students from the nearby village Madrassa Chattha.
2016 Lockhart hot air balloon crash
On July 30, 2016, 16 people were killed when the hot air balloon they were riding in struck power lines, crashed and caught fire in the unincorporated community of Maxwell, near Lockhart, Texas, 30 miles (50 km) south of the state capital Austin. It is the deadliest ballooning disaster to ever occur in the United States.

National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.
Saighton
Saighton (/ˈseɪtən/; (listen)ⓘ) is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Aldford and Saighton, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, a few miles south of Chester. The 2011 Census recorded a population for the parish of 202. Much of the surrounding land is owned by the Duke of Westminster.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Gremyachye, Kaliningrad Oblast
Gremyachye (Russian: Гремячье, Polish: Berżkale; Lithuanian: Beržkalnis) is a rural settlement in Chernyakhovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the historic region of Lithuania Minor.

Chernyakhovsky District
Chernyakhovsky District (Russian: Черняховский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Chernyakhovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,285.75 square kilometers (496.43 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Chernyakhovsk. Population: 51,936 (2010 Census); 57,521 (2002 Census); 12,806 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chernyakhovsk accounts for 77.9% of the district's total population.
Nanotechnology education
Nanotechnology education involves a multidisciplinary natural science education with courses such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and molecular biology. It is being offered by many universities around the world. The first program involving nanotechnology was offered by the University of Toronto's Engineering Science program, where nanotechnology could be taken as an option.

Here is a partial list of universities offering nanotechnology education, and the degrees offered (Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, or PhD in Nanotechnology).

Anna University
Anna University is a public state university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The main campus is in Guindy. It was originally established on 4 September 1978 and is named after C. N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Gilbert–Pollak conjecture
In mathematics, the Gilbert–Pollak conjecture is an unproven conjecture on the ratio of lengths of Steiner trees and Euclidean minimum spanning trees for the same point sets in the Euclidean plane. It was proposed by Edgar Gilbert and Henry O. Pollak in 1968. Specifically, the conjecture states that for every finite set of points in the Euclidean plane, the Euclidean minimum spanning tree is no longer than  times the length of the Steiner minimum tree.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Nelson Rangell
Nelson Rangell (born March 26, 1960) is an American smooth jazz musician and composer from Castle Rock, Colorado. Although he is known for his work with the tenor, alto, and soprano saxophone, his primary instrument is the piccolo, which he began playing at the age of 15. He has at times worked with Jimmy Haslip and Russ Ferrante.

Jimmy Haslip
James Robert Haslip (born December 31, 1951) is an American bass guitarist who was a founding member of the jazz fusion group the Yellowjackets, which he left in 2012. He was also an early user of the five-string electric bass.
Self Defense (1932 film)
Self Defense is a 1932 pre-Code American drama film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Pauline Frederick. It was produced and distributed by Monogram Pictures.

It is preserved in the Library of Congress film collection.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Deutsches Brauereimuseum
The Deutsche Brauereimuseum ("German brewery museum") at the St.-Jakobs-Platz in Munich was founded in 1952 on the initiative of the Bavarian Hofbräuhaus.

It is the most famous museum of its kind in Germany and is part of the local city museum (Munich Stadtmuseum). The museum is sponsored by a voluntary museum's association. Focal point of the collection is the historical and technical evolution of beer brewing. The oldest exhibit is a drinking vessel of the 4th millennium BC. In addition to beer glassware and beer jugs there are models of big breweries and a complete microbrewery.

Munich Stadtmuseum
The Munich Stadtmuseum (German: "Münchner Stadtmuseum") or Munich City Museum, is the city museum of Munich. It was founded in 1888 by Ernst von Destouches. It is located in the former municipal arsenal and stables, both buildings of the late Gothic period.
Decauville Railway of the Cobazet Estate
The Decauville Railway of the Cobazet Estate (French Chemin de fer de la domaine de Cobazet) was a 12 km (7.5 mi) long narrow-gauge railway with a gauge of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) near Mosset in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.
1991 Segunda División B play-offs
The 1991 Segunda División B play-offs were the final playoffs for the promotion from 1990–91 Segunda División B to 1991–92 Segunda División. The first four teams in each group took part in the play-off. The teams played a league of four teams, divided into 4 groups. The champion of each group promoted to Segunda División.

1990–91 Segunda División B
The 1990–91 Segunda División B season was the 14th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 1 September 1990, and the season ended in 23 June 1991 with the promotion play-off final games.