hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laminotomy
A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal. A laminotomy is less invasive than conventional vertebral column surgery techniques, such as laminectomy because it leaves more ligaments and muscles attached to the spinous process intact and it requires removing less bone from the vertebra. As a result, laminotomies typically have a faster recovery time and result in fewer postoperative complications. Nevertheless, possible risks can occur during or after the procedure like infection, hematomas, and dural tears. Laminotomies are commonly performed as treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis and herniated disks. MRI and CT scans are often used pre- and post surgery to determine if the procedure was successful.

Lumbar vertebrae
The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.  These bones are found in particular cuts of meat, including tenderloin or sirloin steak.
Ugali
Ugali, also known as posho, nsima, papa, pap, mogobe, sadza, isitshwala, akume, amawe, ewokple, akple, and other names, is a type of corn meal made from maize or corn or mahindi flour in several African countries: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Lesotho, Eswatini, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Botswana and South Africa, and in West Africa by the Ewes of Togo, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria and Ivory Coast. It is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. In 2017, the dish was added to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, one of a few foods on the list.

Okra
Okra (US: /ˈoʊkrə/, UK: /ˈɒkrə/), Abelmoschus esculentus, known in some English-speaking countries as lady's fingers, is a flowering plant in the mallow family native to East Africa. Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world for its edible green (red in some cultivars) seed pods, okra is used in the cuisines of many countries.
KFBR
KFBR (91.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Gerlach, Nevada. In 2022, the station was bought by the Burning Man Project for $6000.

The station was assigned the KFBR call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 15, 2010.

Burning Man Project
The Burning Man Project is an American organization that annually plans, manages, and builds Burning Man on the dry lake of the Black Rock Desert in northwestern Nevada. The company coordinates the year-round, behind-the-scenes work needed to build and remove a temporary city of 80,000 people.

Burning Man ticket sales provide a multi million-dollar budget for the organization. These revenues help the organization obtain required permits from the Bureau of Land Management, rent portable toilets and equipment, secure medical, fire, and law enforcement services, and cover other organizational expenses.
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Tom Malchow of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24–25 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Uğur Taner of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.
Namgwangju station
Namgwangju station ("South Gwangju station") is a station on Gwangju Metro Line 1, located at Hak-dong 994 in Dong-gu, Gwangju, South Korea. It opened for service on April 28, 2004.

It lies at the site of the former Korail Namgwangju station, which had opened as Singwangju station in 1936 and been renamed Namgwangju in 1938. That station was closed in 2000 as part of the realignment of the Gyeongjeon Line.

Dong District, Gwangju
Dong District (Korean: 동구; RR: Dong-gu) is a district of Gwangju, South Korea. Mudeungsan is a famous landmark in the district. Modern art is displayed at the Street of Art, which was the first one of its kind in South Korea. It has Asian Cultural Center and Gwangju International Community Center.
Al-Tirmidhi
Muhammad ibn Isa al-Tirmidhi (Arabic: محمد بن عيسى الترمذي, romanized: Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā at-Tirmidhī; 824 – 9 October 892 CE / 209–279 AH), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was an Islamic scholar, and collector of hadith from Termez (early Khorasan and in present-day Uzbekistan). He wrote al-Jami` as-Sahih (known as Jami` at-Tirmidhi), one of the six canonical hadith compilations in Sunni Islam. He also wrote Shama'il Muhammadiyah (popularly known as Shama'il at-Tirmidhi), a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in Arabic grammar, favoring the school of Kufa over Basra due to the former's preservation of Arabic poetry as a primary source.

Arabic name
Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given, middle, and family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds.
Jimmy Smiddy
James Smiddy (born 1974) is an Irish former hurler. At club level he played with Castlemartyr and divisional side Imokilly and at inter-county level was a member of the Cork senior hurling team. Smiddy usually lined out as a forward.

1997 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1997 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship  was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. It was the first championship to be staged in 24 years. The championship ran from 25 May to 11 October 1997.

The All-Ireland final was played at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick on 11 October 1997 between Cork and Galway, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cork won the match by 2-11 to 1-12 to claim a second All-Ireland title overall and a first title in 32 years.

Kilenny's Ollie O'Connor was the championship's top scorer with 4-26.
2010 Karshi Challenger
The 2010 Karshi Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Qarshi, Uzbekistan between 16 and 21 August 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Sam O'Steen
Samuel Alexander O'Steen (November 6, 1923 – October 11, 2000) was an American film editor and director. He had an extended, notable collaboration with the director Mike Nichols, with whom he edited 12 films between 1966 and 1994. Among the films O'Steen edited are Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf (directed by Nichols, 1966), Cool Hand Luke (directed by Stuart Rosenberg, 1967), The Graduate (directed by Nichols, 1967), Rosemary's Baby (directed by Roman Polanski, 1968), and Chinatown (directed by Polanski, 1974).

On a 2012 listing of the 75 best-edited films of all time compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild based on a survey of its members, both The Graduate and Chinatown appear, Chinatown listed 31st and The Graduate 52nd.

Stuart Rosenberg
Stuart Rosenberg (August 11, 1927 – March 15, 2007) was an American film and television director. He was most noted for his collaborations with actor Paul Newman, whom he directed in Cool Hand Luke (1967), WUSA (1970), Pocket Money (1972), and The Drowning Pool (1975). He was a five-time Directors Guild of America Award nominee, and a Primetime Emmy Award winner.

His other notable films included Question 7 (1961), Voyage of the Damned (1976), The Amityville Horror (1979), Brubaker (1980) and The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984). Later in his career, he taught directing at the American Film Institute, where his students included Todd Field and Darren Aronofsky.
Matt McKay
Matthew Graham McKay (born 11 January 1983) is a retired Australian professional footballer who last played for Australian A-League club Brisbane Roar, and previously with the Australian national team. 
McKay currently holds the club's record for league appearances, 272. McKay played for Brisbane Roar since their first season in the A-League, and was their club captain up until the 2010–11 season, in which he led Brisbane to their first ever A-League championship and premiership. Following this triumphant victory McKay sought a new challenge in the first division of the Scottish Premiership with Rangers. McKay played an integral role in Australia's second placing in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup notably with 30m cross to centre forward Harry Kewell. He was also part of the Australian squad at the 2014 World Cup and 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

2010–11 A-League
The 2010–11 A-League was the 34th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the sixth season of the Australian A-League soccer competition since its establishment in 2004. The home and away season began on 5 August 2010 and concluded on 13 February 2011. The addition of Melbourne Heart brought the total number of teams to 11. Brisbane Roar finished Premiers with two games remaining in the season following an Australian record unbeaten run, and later completed the Premiership and Championship double by beating the Central Coast Mariners in the Grand Final.
Commercial revolution
In European history, the commercial revolution saw the development of a European economy – based on trade – which began in the 11th century AD and operated until the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century. Beginning c. 1100 with the Crusades, Europeans rediscovered spices, silks, and other commodities then rare in Europe. Consumer demand fostered more trade, and trade expanded in the second half of the Middle Ages (roughly 1000 to 1500 AD). Newly forming European states, through voyages of discovery, investigated alternative trade routes in the 15th and 16th centuries, which allowed European powers to build vast, new international trade networks. Nations also sought new sources of wealth and practiced mercantilism and colonialism. The Commercial Revolution is marked by an increase in general commerce, and in the growth of financial services such as banking, insurance, and investing.

Ordinance of Marine
The Great Ordinance of Marine of August 1681, (French: grande ordonnance de la marine d'août 1681) also called the marine code, is a royal ordinance drafted under the reign of Louis XIV, which comprehensively codifies practices in maritime transport (shipping). Inspired by the customs and statutes of the United Provinces (Amsterdam and Antwerp), it was established under the administration of Colbert.

The order is divided into five books, themselves divided into several parts and chapters:

The Officers of the Admiralty

People and Marine Vessels,

Maritime contracts, Charter parties, covenants, rent commitments and sailors, loans, insurance, take

Police, ports, coasts, harbors, and shores

Sea Fisheries

There is also an order of the navy in April 1689 for the navy and naval arsenals.
R3 Lougheed Hwy
The R3 Lougheed Hwy is an express bus service with bus rapid transit elements in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Part of TransLink's RapidBus network, it travels along Lougheed Highway and connects Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, Pitt Meadows, and Maple Ridge.

Maple Ridge, British Columbia
Maple Ridge is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the northeastern section of Greater Vancouver between the Fraser River and the Golden Ears, a group of mountain summits which constitute the southernmost portion of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. Maple Ridge's population in 2021 was 90,990. Its downtown core area was once known as Haney.
HMS Cachalot (S06)
HMS Cachalot (S06) was a Porpoise-class submarine. Her keel was laid down on 1 August 1955 by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Greenock. She was launched on 11 December 1957, and commissioned on 1 September 1959.

Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited, often referred to simply as Scotts, was a Scottish shipbuilding company based in Greenock on the River Clyde. In its time in Greenock, Scotts built over 1,250 ships.
Austin Catholic Preparatory School
Austin Catholic Preparatory School was a boys, non–residential, college preparatory Catholic school in Detroit, Michigan. Austin was "one of the city's most widely respected schools." The school was founded in 1951 and operated by the Augustinians. Its first class graduated in 1956. Austin was closed in 1978 due to declining enrollment and a desire by the Augustinians to sell the school's property.

Throughout its existence, Austin functioned in an unremarkable, austere, cinder block and brick building on an eleven-acre site at the corner of East Warren Avenue and Canyon Street on the far east side of Detroit, adjacent to the Grosse Pointes. Its spartan facilities included a gymnasium, library, and chapel, but no auditorium, swimming pool, track, or football stadium. Drawing most of its students from Detroit and the eastern suburbs, by its closing Austin had graduated 3,212 young men.

Detroit Catholic Central High School
Detroit Catholic Central High School, commonly known as Catholic Central (CC), is a private, all-male college preparatory Catholic high school in Novi, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1928 in Detroit, Michigan by the Archdiocese of Detroit, the school is operated by the Congregation of St. Basil.

The school was originally located on Harper Avenue in Detroit with an enrollment of 280 students; the school has made several moves in its history and now has an enrollment of over 1,000 students at its 60-acre (240,000 m2) campus in Novi. Detroit Catholic Central is currently ranked as the 4th best Catholic High School in the State of Michigan.
Crowborough Country Park
Crowborough Country Park is a  7.3-hectare (18-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Crowborough in East Sussex. It is owned and managed by Crowborough Town Council.

The park has diverse habitats including wet and dry woodland, grass and heath glades, marshes, streams and ponds. The main stream runs through a steep rocky gorge. Flora include the nationally rare moss Discelium nudum.

There is access at a number of points including one with a car park on Osborne Road, three foot entrances and another main entrance, all Tollwood Road.

Crowborough
Crowborough is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England, in the Weald at the edge of Ashdown Forest and the highest town in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is located 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Royal Tunbridge Wells and 33 miles (53 km)  south of London. It had a population of 21,688 at the 2021 Census, making it the second largest town in inland East Sussex after Hailsham.

The highest point in the town is 242 m (794 ft) above sea level, making it the second highest point in East Sussex after Ditchling Beacon.
Sana Konung
The Sana Konung (Meitei: ꯁꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ, romanized: sa-naa ko-noong, lit. '"Golden Palace" or "Royal Palace"') is the royal palace of the rulers of Manipur and their present-day descendants. After the 1891 Anglo-Manipur War, the British took over the Kangla Palace, and Sana Konung was built as the new royal residence, first occupied by Maharaja Churachand Singh in 1908.

Kangla fort
The Kangla (with diacritic, Kanglā), officially known as the Kangla Fort, is an old fortified palace at Imphal, in the Manipur state of India. It was formerly situated on both sides (western and eastern) of the bank of the Imphal River, now remaining only on the western side in ruined conditions. Kangla means "the prominent part of the dry land" in old Meetei. It was the traditional seat of the past Meetei rulers of Manipur.

Kangla (Imphal) was the ancient capital of pre-modern Manipur.
The Kangla is a revered spot for the people of Manipur, reminding them of the days of their independence. It is a sacred place to the Meiteis.

The Kangla is being proposed to be declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for which there are discussions ongoing in the Indian Parliament.
Typhlosyrinx
Typhlosyrinx is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.

This genus was created by Johannes Thiele in 1925 to accommodate Pleurotorna vepallida Martens, 1902. The genus remains little known because of the original scarcity of specimens in the museums. Deap-sea expeditions have since recovered more than 200 additional specimens from the South-East Asia and the South-West Pacific, mainly in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris

Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae  is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Iron rice bowl
"Iron rice bowl" (simplified Chinese: 铁饭碗; traditional Chinese: 鐵飯碗; pinyin: tiě fàn wǎn) is a Chinese term for an occupation with guaranteed job security, similar to life tenure. Traditionally, people considered to have such positions include military personnel, members of the civil service, as well as employees of various state-owned enterprises (through the mechanism of the work unit).

Work unit
A work unit or danwei (simplified Chinese: 单位; traditional Chinese: 單位; pinyin: dān wèi) is the name given to a place of employment in the People's Republic of China. The term danwei remains in use today, as people still use it to refer to their workplace. Prior to Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up, a work unit acted as the first step of a multi-tiered hierarchy linking each individual with the Chinese Communist Party infrastructure. Work units were the principal method of implementing party policy. The work unit provided lifetime employment and extensive socioeconomic welfare—"a significant feature of socialism and a historic right won through the Chinese Revolution."
Atatürk Teacher Training Academy
Atatürk Teacher Training Academy (Turkish: Atatürk Öğretmen Akademisi) is a higher education institution in Nicosia, North Cyprus. The academy was founded in 1937 by the ruling British government in Cyprus as the Morphou Teacher Training College. It is accredited as a university by YÖK, the Council of Higher Education of Turkey, and YÖDAK, The Higher Education Planning, Evaluation, Accreditation and Coordination Council of Northern Cyprus. Atatürk Teacher Training Academy is the oldest active higher education institution in Cyprus.

Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)
The Assembly of the Republic (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Meclisi) is the parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It has 50 members, elected for a five-year term by mitigated proportional representation. A party must cross the electoral threshold (5% of the total vote) to be awarded any seats. The parliament is composed of 50 MPs, chosen from six electoral districts, which are coterminous with the districts of Northern Cyprus: Lefkoşa, Gazimağusa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Lefke and İskele.

In Northern Cyprus parliamentary elections, voters vote for individual candidates. There are two ways of voting.

Voters can vote for a party, which in effect is voting for every MP candidate from that party in that district once. The voter can further prioritize the MPs in this kind of voting.

Alternatively, the voter may not choose a party, but vote for candidates from different parties. In this kind of mixed voting, the voter cannot choose more than the number of MPs the district is allotted.
Barfi
Barfi or burfi is a milk-based sweet from the Indian subcontinent with a fudge-like consistency. It is consumed throughout India and Pakistan and is especially popular in North India. Barfi is often served at celebrations and religious festivals such as Diwali and Holi.

Cashew
Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree Anacardium occidentale, in the family Anacardiaceae. It is the source of the cashew nut (often simply called a 'cashew') and the cashew apple. The tree can grow as tall as 14 meters (46 feet).

The species is native to South America. The dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m (20 ft), are the most profitable, maturing sooner and producing greater yields. In 2023, 3.9 million tons of cashew nuts were harvested globally, led by the Ivory Coast and India.

The nut is edible and is eaten on its own as a snack, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. The cashew apple, an accessory fruit, is a light reddish to yellow fruit, the pulp and juice of which can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or fermented and distilled into liquor. Additionally, derivatives from the shell are used in products such as varnishes, lubricant, and paints.
2024 Toray Pan Pacific Open
The 2024 Toray Pan Pacific Open is a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 50th edition of the Pan Pacific Open, and part of the WTA 500 tournaments of the 2024 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan from 21 to 27 October 2024.

2024 WTA Tour
The 2024 WTA Tour (branded as the 2024 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and the Summer Olympic Games.
Seven Gables
Seven Gables is a 13,080-foot-elevation (3,990-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Fresno County of northern California, United States. It is situated between the east and south forks of Bear Creek in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Sierra National Forest. It is set 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Lake Thomas A Edison, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) northwest of Gemini, and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) west-southwest of Feather Peak, the nearest higher neighbor. Topographic relief is significant as it rises nearly 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Upper Bear Creek Meadows in approximately two miles. Seven Gables ranks as the 133rd highest summit in California.

Lake Thomas A Edison
Lake Thomas A Edison (also known as Thomas A. Edison Lake and Edison Lake) is a reservoir in the Sierra National Forest and in Fresno County, California. It is in the Sierra Nevada, and near the Pacific Crest Trail.

The reservoir's waters are impounded by Vermilion Valley Dam (National ID CA00441), which was completed in 1954 (1954). The reservoir and dam are part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project.