hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reginald Clarry
Sir Reginald George Clarry (24 July 1882 – 17 January 1945) was a Conservative Party member of parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom, representing the Newport constituency in Monmouthshire from 1922 to 1929 and from 1931 to 1945. He was educated at Marling School in Stroud.

He was first elected at the Newport by-election in October 1922, following the death of the Liberal MP Lewis Haslam.  He held the seat until his defeat at the 1929 general election by the Labour Party candidate James Walker. He regained the seat by a large majority at the 1931 general election, and remained Newport's MP until his death in 1945, aged 62, only 12 days following that of Walker.

Newport (Monmouthshire) (UK Parliament constituency)
Newport was a borough constituency in Monmouthshire from 1918 to 1983. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

The constituency was created by the Representation of the People Act 1918 and abolished with the creation of the Newport East and Newport West constituencies. The Representation of the People Act enfranchised the county borough of Newport as a parliamentary borough returning one member. Previously, the borough was represented as part of the Monmouth Boroughs constituency, which also covered Monmouth and Usk.
Rheinwald (Kreis)
The Kreis Rheinwald forms, together with the Kreise of Avers, Domleschg, Schams and Thusis the Hinterrhein District (Bezirk Hinterrhein) of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  The seat of the sub-district office is in Splügen.

Hinterrhein District
Hinterrhein District is a former administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It had an area of 617.67 km2 (238.48 sq mi) and had a population of 13,179 in 2015.  Much of the district became part of the Viamala Region on 1 January 2017 as part of a reorganization of the Canton.

Hinterrhein District consisted of five Kreise (sub-districts) and twenty-four municipalities.  This number decreased from thirty-two when the municipalities of Portein, Präz, Sarn, and Tartar merged on 1 January 2010 into Cazis.  It decreased further in 2015 when Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.

^a  Includes the area of Portein, Präz, Sarn and Tartar which merged into Cazis on 1 January 2010.
Center for Life Detection
The Center for Life Detection (CLD) is a collaboration among scientists and technologists from NASA’s Ames Research Center and Goddard Spaceflight Center, which formed in 2018 to support the planning and implementation of missions that will seek evidence of life beyond Earth.  CLD is supported by NASA’s Planetary Science Division and is one of three core teams in the Network for Life Detection.  CLD’s perspectives on life detection science and technology development are summarized in “Groundwork for Life Detection”, a white paper submitted to and cited in the 2023-2032 Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey.

Biosignature
A biosignature is a phenomenon that can be explained by biological processes where all possible abiotic causes of this phenomenon have been eliminated. This term is mainly used in the field of astrobiology in the search for past or present extraterrestrial life, from planets and moons in the Solar System to exoplanets. Candidate biosignatures strongly indicate some of the earliest known life forms, aid studies of the origin of life on Earth as well as the possibility of life on Mars, Venus and elsewhere in the universe.
Ugchelen
Ugchelen is part of the municipality of Apeldoorn in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands, and is today seen as a village.

Ugchelen is located South West of Apeldoorn and has about 7000 inhabitants. Like Apeldoorn, the old village thanked its growth to the paper industry, it had a total of 11 watermills. In 1958 a 70-meter high transmission tower was built, the Zendstation Ugchelen. In 2006 it received a new water mill called The Bouwhof Mill.

The most important hospital in the region, Gelre hospital, is located next to Ugchelen.

AGOVV
AGOVV (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌaːɣeːjoːveːˈveː]) is a Dutch football club based in Apeldoorn, Gelderland. Founded on 25 February 1913, the club competes in the Derde Klasse, the eighth tier of the Dutch football league system.

AGOVV played professional football between 1954 and 1971, and again from 2003 until 2013, when its professional branch was declared bankrupt and dissolved. During its time in the professional ranks, the club competed in the Eerste Divisie and was known for developing players such as Klaas-Jan Huntelaar.

The club's full name, Apeldoornse Geheel Onthouders Voetbalvereniging, reflects its origins as a teetotalers' sporting association. AGOVV plays its home matches at the Sportpark Berg & Bos and traditionally wears blue kits.
Neveʻei language
Neveʻei ([neveʔei]), also known as Vinmavis, is an Oceanic language of central Malekula, Vanuatu. There are around 500 primary speakers of Neveʻei and about 750 speakers in total.

Neveʻei was described for the first time by Jill Musgrave, in a monograph published in 2007: A grammar of Neveʻei, Vanuatu. This book is the source for the data and analyses below.

Grammatical modifier
In linguistics, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element in the structure. For instance, the adjective "red" acts as a modifier in the noun phrase "red ball", providing extra details about which particular ball is being referred to. Similarly, the adverb "quickly" acts as a modifier in the verb phrase "run quickly". Modification can be considered a high-level domain of the functions of language, on par with predication and reference.
Innsbruck School of Peace Studies
Since 2001, the Innsbruck School of Peace Studies has been developed by Wolfgang Dietrich and his team at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. In 2008 the UNESCO Chair for Peace Studies was established. In 2017 the team of rectors founded the Unit for Peace and Conflict Studies at the Faculty for Social and Political Sciences and transferred it to the Faculty for Humanities in 2019. Finally, in 2018 the Research Center for Peace and Conflict INNPEACE was founded as a transdisciplinary research initiative of academics from nine very different institutes. Together they form the so-called Innsbruck School of Peace Studies.

University of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669.

It is the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department.
TROX-1
TROX-1 is a drug which acts as a potent blocker of the Cav2 type calcium channels. It was developed as a potential analgesic after the discovery that the selective Cav2.2 blocker ziconotide is an active analgesic with similar efficacy to strong opioid drugs. Unlike ziconotide, TROX-1 is not so selective, and also blocks the Cav2.1 and Cav2.3 calcium channel subtypes, but it has the great advantage of being orally active, whereas ziconotide must be administered intrathecally, by injection into the spinal fluid. In animal studies of TROX-1, analgesic effects were observed with similar efficacy to NSAIDs such as naproxen or diclofenac, and anti-allodynia effects equivalent to pregabalin or duloxetine.

Ziconotide
Ziconotide, sold under the brand name Prialt, also called intrathecal ziconotide (ITZ) because of its administration route, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain. Derived from Conus magus, a cone snail, it is the synthetic form of an ω-conotoxin peptide.

In December 2004 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ziconotide when delivered as an infusion into the cerebrospinal fluid using an intrathecal pump system.
.gal
.gal (Galician pronunciation: [ˈpuntʊ ˈɣal]) is a GeoTLD intended to highlight the Galician people, Galician language, and Galician culture. It was approved on 14 June 2013 by ICANN, and the first 93 domains went online on July 25, 2014, a date chosen to echo Galicia’s National Day and strengthen its cultural significance.

The initiative was backed by more than 13,700 people and 110 institutions in Galicia, including relevant agencies of culture such as the Royal Galician Academy, the Galician Culture Council, and the three Galician universities. Asociación PuntoGal is committed to establishing a foundation to reinvest the money in projects that promote Galician language and culture in the field of new technologies.

Royal Galician Academy
The Royal Galician Academy (Galician: Real Academia Galega, RAG) is an institution dedicated to the study of Galician culture and especially the Galician language; it promulgates norms of grammar, spelling, and vocabulary and works to promote the language. The Academy is based in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. The incumbent president, since 2017, is Víctor Fernández Freixanes.
Pythian Temple (New York City)
The Pythian Temple is a historic Knights of Pythias building at 135 West 70th Street between Columbus Avenue and Broadway in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1927 to serve as a meeting place for the 120 Pythian lodges of New York City, and later for many years housed a recording studio. Today it is an 88-unit luxury condominium building known as The Pythian.

Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)
Ninth Avenue, known as Columbus Avenue between West 59th and 110th Streets, is a thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. Traffic runs downtown (southbound) from the Upper West Side to Chelsea. Two short sections of Ninth Avenue also exist in the Inwood neighborhood, carrying two-way traffic.
Imam Hossein Metro Station
Imam Hossein Metro Station is a station in Tehran, Metro Line 2. It is located in Imam Hossein Square, the junctions of Ayatollah Madani Avenue and Enghelab Street. It is between Shahid Madani Metro Station and Darvaze Shemiran Metro Station along Line 2. The station is also located along Line 6, north of Meydan-e Shohada Metro Station. This Station is 23 meters underground and it has elevators.

Meydan-e Shohada Metro Station
Meydan-e Shohada Metro Station is an interchange station between Tehran Metro Line 4 and Line 6. Originally, it was the eastern terminus of line 4 which got subsequently extended further. Since April 2019 line 6 terminates here.

The station is located at Shohada Square along 17th of Shahrivar Ave. It is between Ebn-e Sina Metro Station and Darvazeh Shemiran Metro Station.

35°41′25″N 51°26′51″E﻿ / ﻿35.6902°N 51.4476°E﻿ / 35.6902; 51.4476
Dobriška Vas
Dobriška Vas (pronounced [dɔˈbɾiːʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Dobriška vas) is a small village south of Oplotnica in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The Municipality of Oplotnica is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small Neo-Gothic roadside chapel in the western part of the settlement dates to the first quarter of the 20th century.

Oplotnica
Oplotnica (pronounced [ɔˈploːtnitsa]; German: Oplotnitz) is a small town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Oplotnica. It lies on the Oplotniščica River, a left tributary of the Dravinja River, to the north of Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and formerly part of Austria-Hungary. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
Torwood
Torwood (Scottish Gaelic: Coille Tor) is a small village located 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northwest of Larbert, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Falkirk and 6 miles (9.7 km) south-southeast of Stirling. Torwood lies within the Falkirk Council area of Scotland. The population recorded in the 2011 UK Census was 245.

The A9 road between Bannockburn and Camelon runs through the village. Torwood Has 5 streets: Provost Gardens, Stirling Road, Castle Crescent, Forrester Gait & Glen Road. Glen Road leads on to Torwood Castle, Quarry and Broch.

Camelon
Camelon (/ˈkeɪmələn/; Scots: Caimlan, Scottish Gaelic: Camalan) is a large settlement within the Falkirk council area, Scotland. The village is in the Forth Valley, 1.3 miles (2.1 km) west of Falkirk, 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south of Larbert and 2.6 miles (4.2 km) east of Bonnybridge. The main road through Camelon is the A803 road which links the village to Falkirk. At the time of the 2001 census, Camelon had a population of 4,508.
Joshua Neustein
Joshua Neustein (Hebrew: יהושע נוישטיין; born 1940) is a contemporary visual artist who lives and works in New York City. He is known for his Conceptual Art, environmental installations, Land Art, Postminimalist torn paper works, epistemic abstraction, deconstructed canvas works, and large-scale map paintings.

Martin-Gropius-Bau
Martin-Gropius-Bau, commonly known as Gropius Bau, is an important exhibition space in Berlin, Germany. Originally a museum of applied arts, the building has been a listed historical monument since 1966. It is located at 7 Niederkirchnerstraße in Berlin-Kreuzberg.
Pure Steel
Pure Steel is the only pacer to win the A G Hunter Cup, a race over 3,050 metres and the richest handicap race for pacers in the world, three times, in 1977, 1978, and 1980. He was the first Standardbred horse to win A$500,000 in Australia. Pure Steel also won the WA Benson & Hedges Cup four times. Affectionately known as Steelo or the "Tungsten Terror", he raced from 1974 until 1983 and won just under $1 million, at a time when competition was strong, with the great horses Paleface Adios and Hondo Grattan as competitors.

Miracle Mile Pace
The Miracle Mile is an Australian harness racing event for Standardbred pacers that was held at Harold Park Racetrack each November until 2008 when the race was switched to Menangle Park Paceway. Prize money has long been among that of Australia's leading harness races and has often included bonuses for speed.
Wavell Wakefield, 1st Baron Wakefield of Kendal
William Wavell Wakefield, 1st Baron Wakefield of Kendal (10 March 1898 – 12 August 1983), known as Sir Wavell Wakefield between 1944 and 1963, was an English rugby union player and captain for Harlequins, Leicester Tigers, The RAF, Middlesex, The Barbarians and England. After retiring he went on to become the President of the Rugby Football Union and Conservative politician.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Baileys Harbor Light
The Baileys Harbor lighthouse is a lighthouse located near Baileys Harbor in Door County, Wisconsin.

Construction of Baileys Harbor Lighthouse began in 1852 and in 1853 David Ward became the first lighthouse keeper.  It was the third lighthouse constructed in Door County after the lighthouses on Rock Island and Plum Island.  An 1866 inspection declared the lighthouse was in "very defective condition" and in late fall of 1869 it closed.  This coincided with the opening of the Baileys Harbor Range Lights and the Cana Island Lighthouse in 1870 which replaced it.  Today the island is privately owned and the lighthouse is in decay but still standing.

It is one of four lighthouses in the country to have retained its bird-cage lantern.

Plum Island Range Lights
The Plum Island Range Lights are a pair of range lights located on Plum Island in Door County, Wisconsin. Plum Island was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 2007 and became part of the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Plum Island is seasonally open to the public for day-time use.
Hexobarbital
Hexobarbital or hexobarbitone, sold both in acid and sodium salt forms as Citopan, Evipan, and Tobinal, is a barbiturate derivative having hypnotic and sedative effects. It was used in the 1940s and 1950s as an agent for inducing anesthesia for surgery, as well as a rapid-acting, short-lasting hypnotic for general use, and has a relatively fast onset of effects and short duration of action. Modern barbiturates (such as Thiopental) have largely supplanted the use of hexobarbital as an anesthetic, as they allow for better control of the depth of anesthesia. Hexobarbital is still used in some scientific research.

Sodium thiopental
Sodium thiopental, also known as thiopental sodium or thiopentone and sold under the brand name Pentothal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. It is the thiobarbiturate analog of pentobarbital, and an analog of thiobarbital. Sodium thiopental is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was the first of three drugs administered during most lethal injections in the United States until the US division of Hospira objected and stopped manufacturing the drug for this purpose in 2011, and the European Union additionally banned the export of the drug for this purpose. Although thiopental abuse carries a dependency risk, its recreational use is rare.

Sodium thiopental is well-known in popular culture, especially under the name "sodium pentothal," as a "truth serum," although its efficacy in this role is questioned.
Castle season 3
The third season of American crime-comedy-drama television series Castle was ordered on March 30, 2010, by ABC. The season aired from September 20, 2010, to May 16, 2011. The third season was originally ordered with a 22 episode count, but ABC extended the order to 24 episodes on November 11, 2010.

Castle (TV series)
Castle is an American crime mystery comedy-drama television series that aired on ABC for a total of eight seasons from March 9, 2009, to May 16, 2016. The series was produced by Beacon Pictures and ABC Studios.

Created by Andrew W. Marlowe, Castle primarily traces the lives of Richard Castle (Nathan Fillion), a best-selling mystery novelist, and Kate Beckett (Stana Katic), a homicide detective, as they solve various unusual crimes in New York City. Detective Beckett is initially infuriated at the thought of working with a writer and goes to great lengths to keep him out of her way. However, the two soon start developing feelings for each other. The overarching plot of the series focused on the romance between the two lead characters and their ongoing investigation of the murder of Beckett's mother.

On May 12, 2016, it was announced that despite some cast members signing one-year contracts for a potential ninth season, the show had been canceled.
Medical Tactical Training Program
The Medical Tactical Certificate Training Program, also known as Med Tac, is a global bystander rescue care training program that focuses on life-saving actions that can be performed by non-medical bystanders for the eight leading preventable causes of death to children, youth, and adults. In urban areas in the United States, professional first responders arrive at the scene of an emergency after approximately 10 minutes. Immediate rescue care by bystanders is most effective within three minutes of an event. Treatment within this time has been found to have a significant effect on rates of survival and permanent harm. Created and expanded upon after the dramatic increase in active shooter and terrorism events, Med Tac integrates the American Heart Association Heartsaver CPR/AED Training Program, or the American Red Cross equivalent training, and the Stop the Bleed Program sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security and American College of Surgeons.

Automated external defibrillator
An automated external defibrillator (AED)  is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and is able to treat them through defibrillation, the application of electricity which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to re-establish an effective rhythm.

With simple audio and visual commands, AEDs are designed to be simple to use for the layperson, and the use of AEDs is taught in many first aid, certified first responder, and basic life support (BLS) level cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) classes.

The portable version of the defibrillator was invented in the mid-1960s by Frank Pantridge in Belfast, Northern Ireland and the first automatic, public-use defibrillator was produced by the Cardiac Resuscitation Company in the late 1970s. The unit was launched under the name Heart-Aid.
Magic number (oil)
The magic number is a term in economics that denotes the price of crude oil (measured in dollars per barrel) at which a crude oil exporting economy runs a deficit.

Some countries support almost all spending from income derived from oil exports. As the price of oil drops, these countries take in less revenue from oil. The magic number denotes the point at which the revenue from oil is no longer sufficient to pay for spending. Mathematically, this can be expressed by the inequality:

where Q is the quantity of oil exported, P is the price, and S is spending. The magic number is the value of P at which this inequality no longer holds true — that is, that the economy runs a deficit.

PFC Energy publishes the magic number for all the OPEC nations.

"Qatar is at $21 a barrel, because it brings in much more oil money than it spends. Saudi Arabia's break-even point is at $49 a barrel. And Venezuela is at $58, second only to Nigeria's $65."

Price of oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel (159 litres) of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level.
Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge
The Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK) is a non-profit educational charity and publisher through the imprints Malor Books and Hoopoe Books, established in 1969 by the psychologist and writer Robert E. Ornstein and based in Los Altos, California, in the United States. Its aim is to provide public education and information on issues of health and human nature.

Institute for Cultural Research
The Institute for Cultural Research (ICR) was a London-based, UK-registered educational charity, events organizer and publisher which aimed to stimulate study, debate, education and research into all aspects of human thought, behaviour and culture. It brought together many distinguished speakers, writers and Fellows over the years.

A statement issued in 2013 by the institute on its official web site read: "As of summer 2013, the Institute has suspended its activities following the formation of a new charity, The Idries Shah Foundation."