hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slovak Cuvac
The Slovak Cuvac is a Slovak breed of dog, bred for use as a livestock guard dog. This breed—also known as Slovensky Cuvac, Slovak Chuvach, Tatransky Cuvac and Slovensky Kuvac—is closely related to the Hungarian Kuvasz. The alternate German and English spelling Tchouvatch reflects the approximate pronunciation of "chew-watch".

The breed is recognised under sponsorship from Slovakia by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale with the name Slovenský čuvač. Despite the multiple renderings in English, these refer to only one breed. The United Kennel Club in the US uses the English version of the name Slovak Cuvac.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.
Taisto Tähkämaa
Taisto Tähkämaa (11 December 1924 – 21 December 2025) was a Finnish Centre Party politician. In the Parliament of Finland he held various cabinet posts, including minister of defence and minister of agriculture and forestry in the 1970s and 1980s.

Minister of Defence (Finland)
The Minister of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeri, Swedish: försvarsminister) is a member of the Finnish Council of State. As the head of the Ministry of Defence, the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence. The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki. The current Minister of Defence is Antti Häkkänen.

From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department, and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War.

The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence.
Olympique Antibes
Olympique Antibes, in full Olympique d'Antibes Juan-les-Pins and branded as Antibes Sharks, is a basketball club from the city of Antibes, France. Established in 1933, the club's men's senior team currently plays in LNB Pro B, the French second division. The club has won the French championship three times, the last being in 1995.

Nationale Masculine 1
The Nationale Masculine 1, abbreviated as NM1, (English: National Male 1), is the professional level third-tier division of men's club basketball in France. The two top teams from each season of the competition are promoted to the LNB Pro B, which is the French second division. The competition is organized by the French Basketball Federation (FFBB).
Conformal coating
Conformal coating is a protective, breathable coating of thin polymeric film applied to printed circuit boards (PCBs). Conformal coatings are typically applied with 25–250 μm thickness on electronic circuitry to protect against moisture and other substances.

Coatings can be applied in many ways, including brushing, spraying, dispensing, and dip coating. Many materials can be used as conformal coatings depending on manufacturer needs, such as acrylic, silicone, urethane, and parylene. Many circuit board assembly firms apply a layer of transparent conformal coating to assemblies as an alternative to potting.

Conformal coatings are used to protect electronic components from possible environmental exposure; they allow moisture to escape but protect against contamination. More recently, conformal coatings are being used to reduce the formation of whiskers and to prevent current bleed between closely positioned components.

Curing (chemistry)
Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.  Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is obtained from a liquid solution, such as with PVC plastisols.
Savannah Technical College
Savannah Technical College (Savannah Tech) is a public community college in Savannah, Georgia. It is a part of the Technical College System of Georgia and provides education services for Bryan, Chatham, Effingham and Liberty counties.

Effingham County, Georgia
Effingham County (/ˈɛfɪŋhæm/ EFF-ing-ham) is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,769. The seat is Springfield.

Effingham County is included in the Savannah metropolitan area.

In 2008, Effingham County was ranked as the sixth-fastest-growing midsize county in the nation from 2000 to 2007 by the U.S. Census Bureau. The county had a 35.1% growth rate over that period.
Ravennika
Ravennika or Ravenica was a medieval settlement in Central Greece.

Ravennika is first mentioned as "Rovinaca" by the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who reported 100 Jewish families there. The name is most likely of Slavic origin, its meaning is similar to "plain". Its exact location is unclear, but from the literary references it appears to have been near the mouths of the Spercheios River, south of Lamia.

The town was the scene of two parliaments held by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders, one in 1209 to receive the submission of the rebellious Crusader lords of the Kingdom of Thessalonica and southern Greece, and the second in 1210 to settle the disputes between the Crusader lords and the Roman Catholic Church prelates in Greece.

Spercheios
The Spercheios (Greek: Σπερχειός, Sperkheiós), also known as the Spercheus from its Latin name, is a river in Phthiotis in central Greece. It is 80 km (50 mi) long, and its drainage area is 1,830 km2 (710 sq mi). It was worshipped as a god in the ancient Greek religion and appears in some collections of Greek mythology. In antiquity, its upper valley was known as Ainis. In AD 997, its valley was the site of the Battle of Spercheios, which ended Bulgarian incursions into the Byzantine Empire.

It is referenced in a surviving fragment of Aeschylus' play Philoctetes, quoted in The Frogs, as a place for cattle.
Society of the Congregational Church of Great Barrington
The Society of the Congregational Church of Great Barrington (also known as First Congregational Church of Great Barrington) is an historic church building and parish house located at 241 and 251 Main Street in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  It is the fourth church of a congregation whose first meetings were held in 1743.

Peabody and Stearns
Peabody & Stearns was a premier architectural firm in the Eastern United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, the firm consisted of Robert Swain Peabody (1845–1917) and John Goddard Stearns Jr. (1843–1917). The firm worked on a variety of designs but is closely associated with shingle style.

With addition of Pierce P. Furber, presumably as partner, the firm became Peabody, Stearns & Furber. The firm was later succeeded by W. Cornell Appleton, one of the Peabody & Stearns architects, and Frank Stearns, son of Frank, as Appleton & Stearns.
Sara La Fountain
Sara La Fountain (born Saara Kuronen, April 22, 1981) is a Finnish and American chef, cookbook author, designer, and television personality. Born in Santa Monica, California, she grew up in Finland. After attending at the Culinary Institute of America, she returned to Finland and started her own business. She has written food columns and lifestyle articles for various Finnish magazines and newspapers. She gained recognition for her cookbooks and her cooking shows, also appearing as a guest chef in several television shows. Additionally, she has been involved in various brand collaborations with food companies and has also worked in tableware design and fashion modelling.

Finlandia Vodka
Finlandia is a brand of vodka produced in Finland. It is made from barley distilled into a neutral spirit in the village of Koskenkorva in Ilmajoki by Finland's Altia Corporation. The distilled alcohol is then transported to a production facility in the village of Rajamäki in Nurmijärvi, about 45 kilometers (28 miles) north of Helsinki, where the spirit is blended with glacial water, flavored (except for the classic non-flavored edition, 101, and Platinum), and bottled.

The Finlandia brand was established in 1970 by Alko, Finland's state-owned alcoholic beverage company. It is now owned by Coca-Cola HBC.

Finlandia vodka is distributed in 135 countries and is widely associated with Finland on the international market. Flavors include cranberry (since 1994), lime (1999), mango (2004), red berry (2004), wild berries (2005), grapefruit (2006), tangerine (2009), and blackcurrant (2009).
Lego Stranger Things
Lego Stranger Things (stylized as LEGO Stranger Things) is a Lego theme based on the Netflix sci-fi horror series of the same name created by the Duffer Brothers. It is licensed from Netflix. The theme was first introduced in May 2019 with the latest set released in January 2026.

Eleven (Stranger Things)
Jane Hopper, better known as Eleven or "El", is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Netflix science fiction horror television series Stranger Things, portrayed by Millie Bobby Brown. Eleven has psychokinetic and telepathic powers.
8-Oxoguanine
8-Oxoguanine (8-hydroxyguanine, 8-oxo-Gua, or OH8Gua) is one of the most common DNA lesions resulting from reactive oxygen species modifying guanine, and can result in a mismatched pairing with adenine resulting in G to T and C to A substitutions in the genome. In humans, it is primarily repaired by DNA glycosylase OGG1. It can be caused by ionizing radiation, in connection with oxidative metabolism.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Kim McLane Wardlaw
Kim Anita McLane Wardlaw (born 1954) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit since 1998. She is the first Hispanic American woman to be appointed to a federal appeals court. Wardlaw was considered as a possible candidate to be nominated by Barack Obama to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Milan Smith
Milan Dale Smith Jr. (born May 19, 1942) is an American attorney and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Smith's brother, Gordon H. Smith, was a Republican U.S. Senator from 1997 to 2009. Milan Smith is neither a Republican nor a Democrat, and he considers himself to be a political independent. Smith is married to Kathleen Denise Crane, a trust and estates attorney.
2004 Indian general election in Punjab
The 2004 Indian general election in Punjab was held on 13 seats of Lok Sabha in April to May 2004 and elections were held in the 4th Phase on 10th May 2004 for all the 13 constituencies. The members were elected for the 14th Lok Sabha.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Simple Justice
Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality, written by Richard Kluger and published by Alfred A. Knopf in two volumes 1975 and in a single-volume edition in 1976, was a finalist for the 1977 National Book Award in the History category. It is a detailed history of the litigation leading up to the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and its aftermath. The book has been called "a classic of legal history." On January 18, 1993, a documentary based on the book was broadcast as an episode of the American Experience series during the fifth season. A revised and expanded edition was published in 2004.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Mouse News Letter
Mouse News Letter (MNL) was a bulletin of mouse genetics information published from 1949 to 1998. In 1990 Mouse News Letter  changed its name to Mouse Genome which merged with the journal Mammalian Genome in 1998. Mouse News Letter now exists as a company, Mouse News Letter Ltd, which promotes the science of Genetics and provides funds to enable younger scientists to attend Genetics Conferences. “To survey the history of the Mouse News Letter is to see the history of mouse genetics unfold.” So wrote Mary F Lyon in 1997.

Mammalian Genome
Mammalian Genome is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of genetics and genomics in mouse, human and related organisms. As of July 2009 its editors-in-chief are Joseph H. Nadeau and Stephen D. M. Brown. Mammalian Genome has been published by Springer since the journal was launched in 1991, and is the official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society. In 1998 the journal Mouse Genome was merged into Mammalian Genome. Authors are allowed to self-archive, and can pay extra for open access for an article.
Bidyanondo Foundation
Bidyanondo Foundation (Bengali: বিদ্যানন্দ ফাউন্ডেশন) is a non-profit organization registered under the Bangladesh Department of Social Services. It works to help the poor community of Bangladesh and performs various social welfare activities. This organization was founded by Kishor Kumar Das in 2013.

Department of Social Services (Bangladesh)
Department of Social Services (Bengali: সমাজসেবা অধিদফতর) is a government department responsible for carrying out social services, social safety nets, and welfare programs in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka. MD. Saidur Rahman Khan is the Director General of the Department of Social Services.
Bafaquan
Ba Fa, or Eight Methods, is a Chinese martial art developed by Li De Mao (李德茂) during the Qing dynasty. He combined the techniques of Fanziquan (翻子), Paochui (炮捶), Tantui (弹腿), Tongbeiquan (劈挂) and Xingyiquan (形意) into a new style based on the theory of eight methods (八法).  The eight methods are: outer trap, inner trap and stab, flick, support, shake, chop and reel. (攔、拿、扎、崩、托、抖、劈、纏) This style includes both single forms, pair training, as well as weapon training such as spear, saber and sword.  Eight Methods Big Spear (Da Qiang, 大枪), also known as the Big Pole, is a specialty of this style.  This technique first appeared in 1906, just before the Revolution of 1911.  It combines the methods of the Yue-family spear (岳家槍), Pear-flower Spear (梨花槍) and Liuhe Spear (六合槍) with principles of the eight methods. It is also designed to work on foot or on horseback.

Ba Fa Quan is popular in regions such as Shanxi (山西), Datong (大同), Inner Mongolia (Nei Menggu 内蒙古) and Yuencheng City.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Thalictrum rochebruneanum
Thalictrum rochebruneanum, called the lavender mist meadow rue, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Thalictrum, native to the Korean Peninsula and Japan. A clumping perennial topped with a loose spray of small medium violet flowers with yellow stamens, and sometimes reaching 2 m (7 ft), it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Thalictrum
Thalictrum ( /θəˈlɪktrəm/) is a genus of 120-200 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to temperate regions. Meadow-rue is a common name for plants in this genus.

Thalictrum is a taxonomically difficult genus with poorly understood species boundaries; it is in need of further taxonomic and field research for clarification.

Despite their common name of "meadow-rue", Thalictrum species are not closely related to the true rue (family Rutaceae), but resemble its members in having compound leaves twice or thrice divided.: 120
Deaths in December 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Burgos CF (1936)
Burgos Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football club based in Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1936, it managed six seasons in the first division, mainly in the late 1970s.

Due to serious economic debts, it disappeared in 1983. Two years later, José María Quintano, a local entrepreneur, decided to refound the club with the same name, and in 1994, it started competing again in the regional leagues, completely independent from its predecessor.
Lexical innovation
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called semantic augmentation) in order to introduce new terms into a language's lexicon. Most commonly, this is found in technical disciplines where new concepts require names, which often takes the form of jargon. For example, in the subjects of sociology or philosophy, there is an increased technicalization in terminology in the English language for different concepts over time. Many novel terms or meanings in a language are created as a result of translation from a source language, in which certain concepts were first introduced (e.g. from Plato's Ancient Greek into Latin or from Kant's German into English).

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Titsey
Titsey is a rural village and a civil parish on the North Downs almost wholly within the M25 London Orbital Motorway in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England.

In local government it forms the south-western part of the ward Tatsfield and Titsey and in national statistics approximates to output area E00157289.  It has no railway stations however one is centred 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west, Oxted which also has the administrative centre of the district.  Approximately half of it land is owned by a charity running the Titsey Place estate, with the remainder being a mixture of common and privately owned woodland and smallholdings.

Tandridge District
Tandridge is a local government district in east Surrey, England. Its council is based in Oxted, although the largest settlement is Caterham; other notable settlements include Warlingham, Godstone and Lingfield. In mid-2019, the district had an estimated population of 88,129.

Tandridge borders the Borough of Reigate and Banstead to the west, the London Borough of Croydon to the north, the London Borough of Bromley to the north-east, the Sevenoaks District of Kent to the east, the Wealden District of East Sussex to the south-east, the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex to the south and the Borough of Crawley, also in West Sussex, to the south-west.

The district contains parts of the North Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Weald. It also contains several woodlands and some open heathland. Elevations above sea level range from 267 m (876 ft) at Botley Hill, in the North Downs near Oxted, to 42 m (138 ft) near Edenbridge.
Mussorgskij (crater)
Mussorgskij is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Mussorgskij is named for the Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky, who lived from 1839 to 1881.   The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

There are irregular depressions at the center of Mussorgskij, which are similar to those within Navoi, Lermontov, Scarlatti, and Praxiteles.  The depressions resemble those associated with volcanic explosions.

Scarlatti (crater)
Scarlatti is a pit-floored crater on Mercury, which was discovered in 1974 by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. It has a prominent peak ring, and it is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury. The crater floor is covered by the smooth plains material.

The crater displays an arcuate collapse feature along the northeastern peak ring. The size of the pit, which was first noticed in MESSENGER images obtained in January 2008, is 38 × 12 km.  Such a feature may have resulted from collapse of a magma chamber underlying the central peak ring complex of the crater. The collapse feature is an analog of Earth's volcanic calderas.  The irregular depression may also be evidence of explosive volcanism.

Scarlatti is thought to have the same age as the Caloris basin.