hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shalford railway station
Shalford railway station serves the village of Shalford, Surrey, England. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Great Western Railway. It is on the North Downs Line. The station is 41 miles 2 chains (66.0 km) from Charing Cross, and has two platforms, which can each accommodate a six-coach train. To the west is Shalford Junction, 41 miles 60 chains (67.2 km) from Charing Cross, where the North Downs Line meets the Portsmouth Direct Line 31 miles 42 chains (50.7 km) from Waterloo (via Woking).

Woking railway station
Woking railway station is a principal commuter stop on the South West Main Line, which serves the town of Woking, in Surrey, England. It lies 24 miles 27 chains (39.2 km) down the line from London Waterloo. The station is managed by South Western Railway, which operates all trains serving it. It is the busiest railway station in the county and, as of 2024, the fifth busiest in South East England.
Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year
The AIC Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year (Italian: Migliore calciatore italiano AIC) was a yearly award organized by the Italian Footballers' Association (AIC) given to the Italian footballer who was considered to have performed the best over the previous Serie A season. The award was part of the Oscar del Calcio awards event.

Italian Footballers' Association
The Italian Footballers' Association (Italian: Associazione Italiana Calciatori), also referred to by the acronym AIC, is the association for footballers in Italy. Established on 3 July 1968, it is headquartered in Vicenza and currently has 4,500 members, of which 2,500 are professionals.

The aims of the AIC are to protect, improve and negotiate the conditions, rights and status of all professional players by collective bargaining agreements.

Until the year 2000, it represented only footballers playing in professional leagues, after which it expanded its scope to include amateur players as well.
The Richmond Standard
The Richmond Standard is a corporate owned site for Richmond, California. The site describes itself as a news outlet, but is considered pink-slime journalism. Opened in 2014, It is funded by the Chevron Corporation, which owns the Chevron Richmond Refinery. The site has been criticized for its lack of coverage of stories that are negative toward Chevron.

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
2016 Paris Sevens
The 2016 Paris Sevens was the ninth tournament of the 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 13–15 May 2016 at Stade Jean Bouin in Paris, France. It was the first time that the France Sevens had been featured on the Sevens world circuit since 2006.

France Sevens
The France Sevens, also called the Paris Sevens, is an annual international rugby sevens tournament that is one of ten competitions on the annual World Rugby Sevens Series. The France Sevens is generally held in May or June on the weekend following the London Sevens and is the last competition in the Sevens Series. France has also hosted tournaments within the European Sevens Grand Prix Series, often at Lyon.
Wael Gharzeddine
Wael Gharzeddine (Arabic: وائل غرز الدين; born 3 February 1978) is a football coach who is the head coach of the Lebanon women's national team. Born in Lebanon, Gharzeddine moved to Australia at an early age and holds dual citizenship.

2018 WAFF U-18 Women's Championship
The 2018 WAFF U-18 Women's Championship was the 1st edition of the WAFF U-18 Women's Championship, the international women's football youth championship of Western Asia organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF). It was held in Bhamdoun, Lebanon from 28 August to 1 September 2018. The tournament was won by Jordan, with Lebanon coming in second place and Palestine in third place.
James McKie (publisher)
James M'Kie or James McKie (1816–1891) was an apprentice of Hugh Crawford, John Wilson's successor at the Kilmarnock Cross printing business. In 1867, M'Kie published the first facsimile edition of the 1786 "Kilmarnock Edition" or Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect as well as various bibliographies, reprints, special editions, limited editions, etc. of Robert Burns' and other works for the Scottish, British, British Empire or North American markets. He became an avid collector of Burnsiana and put together the largest collection of published in the world at the time, that was eventually purchased by the local Kilmarnock Corporation and housed in the Kay Park Burns Museum.

William Burnes
William Burnes or William Burness (11 November 1721 – 13 February 1784) was the father of the poet Robert Burns. He was born at either Upper Kinmonth or Clochnahill Farm, Dunnottar, Kincardineshire, and trained as a gardener at Inverugie Castle, Aberdeenshire, before moving to Ayrshire and becoming a tenant farmer. His parents were Robert Burnes and Isabella Keith. He retained the spelling 'Burnes' throughout his life; however, his son favoured the Ayrshire spelling of 'Burns'.
Lines of Stollhofen
The Lines of Stollhofen  (German: Bühl-Stollhofener Linie) was a line of defensive earthworks built for the Reichsarmee at the start of the War of the Spanish Succession  (1701–1714) running for about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Stollhofen on the Rhine to the impenetrable woods on the hills east of Bühl.

The lines were constructed by order of Margrave Louis William I of Baden-Baden in order to protect northern Baden from the newly erected French fortress of Fort Louis on the River Rhine.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
1940 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1940 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 40th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 8 December 1940, Mount Sion won the championship after a 6–05 to 3–02 defeat of Dungarvan in a replay of the final. This was their third ever championship title and their third title in succession.

1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board.

Ballytruckle won the championship.
Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam
These are the results of the women's balance beam competition, one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall.

The medals for the competition were presented by Gian-Franco Kasper, Switzerland; IOC Members, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Jackie Fie, United States; President of the Women's Technical Committee of the FIG.

Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, three disciplines of gymnastics were contested: artistic gymnastics (August 14–23), rhythmic gymnastics (August 26–29) and trampoline (August 20–21). The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall.
Interprovincial Commission
The Interprovincial Commission (Italian: Commissione interprovinciale), also known as "Regione", "commissione regionale" or "cupola regionale") is a governing body of the Cosa Nostra. It gathered only to deliberate important decisions about the Cosa Nostra interests between several provinces in the same territory that involved other crime families.

Luciano Leggio
Luciano Leggio (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno ˈlɛddʒo]; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He is universally known by the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s.

As well as setting the Corleonesi on track to become the dominant Mafia clan in Sicily, he became infamous for avoiding convictions for a multitude of crimes, including homicide, before he was finally imprisoned for life in 1974.
Glossary of invariant theory
This page is a glossary of terms  in invariant theory. 
For descriptions of particular invariant rings, see invariants of a binary form, symmetric polynomials. 
For geometric terms used in invariant theory see the glossary of classical algebraic geometry. 
Definitions of many terms used in invariant theory can be found in (Sylvester 1853), (Cayley 1860), (Burnside & Panton 1881), (Salmon 1885), (Elliott 1895), (Grace & Young 1903), (Glenn 1915),   (Dolgachev 2012), and the index to the fourth volume of Sylvester's collected works includes many of the terms invented by him.

David Hilbert
David Hilbert  (/ˈhɪlbərt/; German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.

Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas including invariant theory, the calculus of variations, commutative algebra, algebraic number theory, the foundations of geometry, spectral theory of operators and its application to integral equations, mathematical physics, and the foundations of mathematics (particularly proof theory). He adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set a course for mathematical research of the 20th century.

Hilbert and his students contributed to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. He was a co-founder of proof theory and mathematical logic.
Polish Basketball All-Star Game
The Polish All-Star Game is the All-Star Game of the professional Polish Basketball League (LKL). The game is held once every year. It was first organized by the Polish Basketball Federation and then  by PLK, after 1995.

Many legendary players like Adam Wojcik and Joe McNaull have featured in the eventwhich first started in the 1993–94 season.

Polish Basketball Federation
The Polish Basketball Federation (Polish: Polski Związek Koszykówki; abbreviated to PZKosz), is a governing body for basketball in Poland. It directs and oversees all of the basketball national teams of Poland, including both the junior and senior national teams of both men and women.
Products produced from The Simpsons
The long-running television animation The Simpsons has featured a number of products, sometimes spoofs of real-life products, that have subsequently been recreated by real world companies attempting to exploit the popularity of The Simpsons. In 2007, as part of a "reverse product placement" marketing campaign for The Simpsons Movie, real life versions of a number of Simpsons products were sold in 7-Eleven stores. Real cans of Buzz Cola, boxes of Krusty-O's cereal, Squishees, and a special edition (#711) of the Radioactive Man Comic were all sold in stores alongside other The Simpsons merchandise.

Slurpee
Slurpee is the brand name for carbonated slushies sold by 7-Eleven and its subsidiaries A-Plus, Speedway, & Stripes Convenience Stores. The brand originated in 1966 when 7-Eleven made a licensing deal with The Icee Company to sell slushies in 7-Eleven stores.
Purgatory Chasm State Reservation
Purgatory Chasm State Reservation is a protected state park in Sutton, Massachusetts. Located within the Blackstone Valley, the reservation is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Department of Conservation and Recreation
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all."  The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.
Dynamic Source Routing
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is a routing protocol for wireless mesh networks.  It is similar to AODV in that it forms a route on-demand when a transmitting node requests one.  However, it uses source routing instead of relying on the routing table at each intermediate device.

Usually, in environments where infrastructure like routers and access points are absent, DSR enables efficient data packet routing by relying on the cooperation of individual nodes to relay messages to the intended destinations. This protocol plays a crucial role in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), where network topology can frequently change due to node mobility, leading to the need for adaptive, efficient routing.

Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing is a routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and other wireless ad hoc networks. It was jointly developed by Charles Perkins (Sun Microsystems) and Elizabeth Royer (now Elizabeth Belding) (University of California, Santa Barbara) and was first published in the ACM 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications in February 1999.

AODV is the routing protocol used in Zigbee – a low power, low data rate wireless ad hoc network. There are various implementations of AODV such as MAD-HOC, Kernel-AODV, AODV-UU, AODV-UCSB and AODV-UIUC.

The original publication of AODV won the SIGMOBILE Test of Time Award in 2018.  According to Google Scholar, this publication reached 30,000 citations at the end of 2022.  AODV was published in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as Experimental RFC 3561 in 2003.
St Michael's Buildings, Chester
St Michael's Buildings are on the east side of Bridge Street, Chester, Cheshire, England.  They contain a section of Chester Rows, with shops at street level and along the Rows, and an arcade of shops stretching behind these to link with the Grosvenor Shopping Centre.  The whole structure is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Grosvenor Shopping Centre
The Grosvenor Shopping Centre (for a time known as The Mall Grosvenor or The Mall Chester) is a large shopping precinct in Chester, England. It hosts around 70 stores. Whereas most of the central shopping area of Chester consists of historic streets, The Mall provides undercover shopping to complement the wide range of shops in other locations around the city. It consists of some Edwardian buildings with modern covered shopping malls. It was owned by The Mall Fund, and carried their corporate branding. It was sold sometime in 2009 and the name Grosvenor Shopping Centre reinstated by the new owners.
Nor Mohamed Yakcop
Nor Mohamed bin Yakcop (Jawi: نور محمد بن يعقوب; born 24 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who served as Minister in the Prime Minister's Department, in charge of Economic Planning Unit from 2009 to 2013. He had previously served as Minister of Finance II from 2004 to 2009. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the National Economic Advisory Council.

Minister of Finance (Malaysia)
The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) (Malay: Menteri Kewangan; Jawi: منتري کواڠن‎) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of Malaysia. One of the senior posts in the Cabinet of Malaysia, the Finance Minister is responsible for determining the fiscal policy and managing the national budget of the government.

The Minister of Finance have been Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since 3 December 2022 and Amir Hamzah Azizan since 12 December 2023. Anwar Ibrahim has served as the Minister of Finance before from 1991 to 1998. Both of them support by the Deputy Minister of Finance Liew Chin Tong, since 17 December 2025.
Guthmannshausen
Guthmannshausen (German pronunciation: [ɡuːtmansˈhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the Sömmerda district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Buttstädt.

Sömmerda (district)
Sömmerda (German: Landkreis Sömmerda) is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Kyffhäuserkreis, the Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Weimarer Land and the district-free city Erfurt, and the districts Gotha and Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.
2002 Monte Carlo Masters
The 2002 Monte Carlo Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 96th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 15 April through 21 April 2002.

The men's field was headlined by world No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero and Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Other top seeds were Tim Henman, Tommy Haas, Marat Safin, Sébastien Grosjean and Thomas Johansson.

2002 ATP Tour
The 2002 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2002 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.

This season marked the most recent occasion where eight different men appeared in the four major singles finals of a calendar year.
Nayfeld
Nayfeld (Russian: Найфельд, Yiddish: נייפעלד) is a village (selo) in Birobidzhansky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, located 40 kilometers (25 mi) from Birobidzhan.  One of the early Jewish settlements in the area, it was founded in 1928.

The first grave in Nayfeld Cemetery dates back to 1929, a year after the first houses in this village were built.

In 2003, a Jewish Book Festival took place here.  In 2006, Mordechai Scheiner, the Chief Rabbi of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, visited the village.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) is a federal subject of Russia in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan.

The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. Since then, the share of Jews steadily declined, and according to the 2021 Russian census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).

Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. It is one of the few places in the world where Yiddish is a recognized minority language.
Punjagutta
Panjagutta is a commercial and residential area in western Hyderabad, India. The area contains IT hubs, shopping malls and jewellery shops. It is a major transit point for traffic between the Hyderabad districts of Ameerpet, Banjara hills, Somajiguda and Khairtabad. Twin flyovers across the road junction ease the previously heavy traffic flow.

Ameerpet
Ameerpet is a residential hub located in the north-west part of Hyderabad, Telangana. Ameerpet is also a Mandal in Hyderabad District. The locality borders Sardar Patel Road and National Highway 65. Though consisting of vacant plots till a few years back, the area is now bustling with commercial and residential establishments.

Popular areas located close to Ameerpet include Panjagutta, Begumpet, Sanath Nagar and Somajiguda.

Until the early 1990s, the area mostly consisted of vacant plots, Jagirdar lands, Nawabs houses, estates and roadside restaurants to serve the traffic along NH9 to Bombay. Commercial activity first shifted here from the center of the city in the 1990s with the expansion of the northern suburbs of Hyderabad due to ongoing construction activity in the area and its surrounding areas. Today it is a bustling locality with several commercial establishments along with high pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Macao (card game)
Macao is an old, European gambling card game played with French playing cards that is related to Baccarat. It was first mentioned in 1774, and may have originated in Hungary or Italy. It was described as being popular with the soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century, although the game was later banned as a game of chance.

Twenty-one (card game)
Twenty-one, formerly known as vingt-un in Britain, France and America, is a family of popular card games of the gambling family, the progenitor of which is recorded in Spain in the early 17th century. The family includes the casino games of blackjack and pontoon as well as their domestic equivalents. Twenty-one rose to prominence in France in the 18th century and spread from there to Germany and Britain from whence it crossed to America. Known initially as vingt-un in all those countries, it developed into pontoon in Britain after the First World War and blackjack in Canada and the United States in the late 19th century, where the legalisation of gambling increased its popularity.
Michelle Plouffe
Michelle Plouffe (born September 15, 1992) is a Canadian basketball player for Lyon ASVEL Féminin. She played for the Canada women's national basketball team at the 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio Olympics, as well as the Canada women's national 3x3 team at the 2024 Paris Olympics. She is 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) tall.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.