hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pezothrips kellyanus
Pezothrips kellyanus, also known as Kelly's citrus thrips, is a species of Thysanoptera (thrips) from the family Thripidae. It is known as a pest species on citrus fruit crops as it can cause scarring damage to fruit skins.

Thripidae
The Thripidae are the most speciose family of thrips, with over 290 genera representing just over two thousand species. They can be distinguished from other thrips by a saw-like ovipositor curving downwards, narrow wings with two veins, and antennae of six to ten antennomeres with stiletto-like forked sense cones on antennal segments III and IV.

They are considered to be among the more derived of thrips, having evolved many traits key to specializing as cryptophilous phytovores, living in the narrow spaces at the bases of leaves and within flowers.

Several species are economically significant pests, some of them invasive. Almost all of them are typical thrips which belong in the largest subfamily, the Thripinae.
Taiyangping Township
Taiyangping Township (Chinese: 太阳坪乡) is a rural township in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 12,235 and an area of 88.78 square kilometres (34.28 sq mi). It is surrounded by Huitong County on the north and northwest, Aoshang Town on the west, Gantang Town on the east, and Quyang Town on the south.

Gantang, Jingzhou County
Gantang (Chinese: 甘棠镇) is a rural town in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 24,000 and an area of 134.6 square kilometres (52.0 sq mi). Miao and Dong people account for 86.7% of the total population in the town. It has the reputation of "granary" and "fruit town" in Jingzhou County. It is surrounded by Shaxi Township on the north, Taiyangping Township on the west, Wenxi Township on the east, and Quyang Town on the south.
Francisco Velázquez
Francisco Cecílio Velázquez (born 10 January 1975), nicknamed Panchito, is an Argentine retired roller hockey player. As a forward, he is remembered as one of the greatest roller hockey players, being often compared to his idol António Livramento and called "the Maradona of hockey" by his fans.

Men's Roller Hockey World Cup
The World Skate Roller Hockey World Cup is the international championship for roller hockey organized by World Skate. The first event was held in 1936, in the city of Stuttgart. Since 1989, the World Championship tournament is held every two years on the odd years. Until 2017, it was organized by the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports. As of 2019, following the merge between the FIRS and the International Skateboarding Federation, the World Cup is now an event of the larger World Roller Games.

Through the 2019 World Cup, only five countries have taken the Roller Hockey World Cup: England winning two times, Portugal winning sixteen times, Spain winning seventeen times, Italy winning four times and Argentina winning five times.

Since the 2003 World Cup all events have been 16-team events, featuring a four group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group advance to an eight team knockout final series.
Glossary of structural engineering
This glossary of structural engineering terms pertains specifically to structural engineering and its sub-disciplines. Please see Glossary of engineering for a broad overview of the major concepts of engineering.

Most of the terms listed in glossaries are already defined and explained within itself.  However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together.  You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.

Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions (cations). Metallic bonding accounts for many physical properties of metals, such as strength, ductility, thermal and electrical resistivity and conductivity, opacity, and lustre.

Metallic bonding is not the only type of chemical bonding a metal can exhibit, even as a pure substance. For example, elemental gallium consists of covalently-bound pairs of atoms in both liquid and solid-state—these pairs form a crystal structure with metallic bonding between them. Another example of a metal–metal covalent bond is the mercurous ion (Hg2+2).
Pulau Pisang (Johor)
Pulau Pisang (Banana Island) is a small island in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia, situated about 12 kilometres from the town of Pontian Kechil and 5 kilometres from Benut town. It is the site of the Pulau Pisang Lighthouse, a lighthouse guiding ships into the western entrance of the busy Singapore Strait. Singapore currently operates the lighthouse, and the country has publicly announced recognition that the island is Malaysian territory.

Pontian District
Pontian District (Malay: Daerah Pontian) is a district located in southwest part of the Malaysian state of Johor. It borders Batu Pahat and Kluang Districts to the north and Kulai and Johor Bahru Districts to the east.

The district is home to Tanjung Piai, the southernmost point of the Malay Peninsula and mainland Eurasia as a whole.
1962 United States Senate election in South Dakota
The 1962 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 6, 1962. Incumbent Republican Senator Francis H. Case ran for re-election to a third term. He won the Republican primary against Attorney General A. C. Miller, but shortly after the primary, died. The Republican State Central Committee named Lieutenant Governor Joseph H. Bottum as Case's replacement on the ballot, and Governor Archie Gubbrud appointed Bottum to fill the vacancy caused by Case's death. In the general election, Bottum was opposed by Democratic nominee George McGovern, the Director of Food for Peace and the former U.S. Congressman from South Dakota's 1st congressional district. The contest between Bottum and McGovern was quite close, with McGovern narrowly defeating him for election by just 597 votes, making him the first Democrat to win a Senate election in South Dakota since William J. Bulow's win in 1936.

1936 United States Senate election in South Dakota
The 1936 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 3, 1936. Incumbent Democratic Senator William J. Bulow ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged by businessman Chan Gurney, who defeated former Congressman Charles A. Christopherson in the Republican primary. Bulow, likely aided by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide victory in South Dakota, narrowly defeated Gurney to win his second term, though he significantly underperformed Roosevelt.
2023 General Tire 200 (Talladega)
The 2023 General Tire 200 was the 3rd stock car race of the 2023 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 61st iteration of the event. The race is scheduled to be held on Saturday, April 22, 2023, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 mile (4.28 km) permanent tri-oval shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 76 laps to complete. Jesse Love, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would dominate a portion of the race, and earned his 3rd career ARCA Menards Series win, and his first of the season. Love and Andrés Pérez de Lara would dominate the race in general, leading 35 and 28 laps respectively. To fill out the podium, Gus Dean, driving for Venturini Motorsports, and Bret Holmes, driving for his family-owned team, Bret Holmes Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

ARCA Series at Talladega
The Manufactured Housing 200 is an ARCA Menards Series race held at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Since 2009, it has been held in the spring on the same weekend as the NASCAR Cup Series' Jack Link's 500 and NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series' Ag-Pro 300. It was previously held during the track's fall Cup Series weekend.

Footage from the 2006 race was shown in the 2008 U. S. remake of Funny Games. The race was also Juan Pablo Montoya's first race in a stock car (he finished 3rd in the race.)

The 2018 race currently has the closest margin of victory in ARCA Series history. The official margin of victory was 0.0029 seconds.
AUPS mine
The AUPS is a circular Italian bakelite cased minimum metal anti-personnel blast mine. The mine can be adapted with a steel fragmentation jacket and stake into a fragmentation stake mine. The mine is constructed in two halves, with the upper half containing the pressure fuse mechanism, the lower half contains the main charge and the detonator. The mine case is normally unpainted bakelite brown.

When used as a stake mine the mine is inverted and an MUV type pull fuse is inserted into the base of the mine, and the normal pressure fuse hole is used to attach the mine to the stake. When used with the fragmentation jacket the mine has a lethal radius of 15 metres, although the fragments may be lethal at greater range.

Anti-personnel mine
An anti-personnel mine or anti-personnel landmine (APL) is a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to an anti-tank mine, which target vehicles. APLs are classified into: blast mines and fragmentation mines; the latter may or may not be a bounding mine.

APLs are often designed to injure and maim, not kill, their victims to overwhelm the logistical (mostly medical) support system of enemy forces that encounter them. Some types of APLs can also damage the tracks on armoured vehicles or the tires of wheeled vehicles.

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines has sought to ban mines and destroy stockpile. For this purpose, it introduced in 1997 the Ottawa Treaty, which has not yet been accepted by over 30 states and has not guaranteed the protection of citizens against APLs planted by non-state armed groups.
Flag of England
The national flag of England, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, is derived from Saint George's Cross (heraldic blazon: Argent, a cross gules). The association of the red cross as an emblem of England can be traced back to the Late Middle Ages when it was gradually, increasingly, used alongside the Royal Banner. It became the only saint's flag permitted to be flown in public as part of the English Reformation and at a similar time became the pre-eminent maritime flag referred to as a white ensign.
It was used as a component in the design of the Union Jack in 1606.

It has been widely used since the 1990s, specifically at national sporting events, especially during the campaigns of England's national football teams.

Flag of Prince George's County, Maryland
The current flag of Prince George's County, Maryland, was adopted in 1963, replacing one that had been in use since 1696. It is a 3 parts tall by 5 parts wide white field with a red St. George's cross centered atop it, with the seal of Prince George's County defacing the canton. Though official regulation states that the flag use the former county seal that was used from 1958 to 1971, in practice most flags that are manufactured and used by the county government itself use the current county seal, which was introduced in 1971.
Semicarbazone
In organic chemistry, a semicarbazone is a derivative of imines formed by a condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide.  They are classified as imine derivatives because they are formed from the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with the terminal -NH2 group of semicarbazide, which behaves very similarly to primary amines.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Australia competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Australia is one of only five countries to have sent athletes to every Summer Olympics of the modern era, alongside Great Britain, France, Greece, and Switzerland.

At the end of these Olympics, Australia was ranked in tenth position on the medal table with a total of 29 medals (8 gold, 11 silver, and 10 bronze). This was Australia's lowest medal tally and lowest rank since the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona where Australia also ranked tenth but only won 27 medals.

Australia at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Australia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.  Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era. 279 competitors, 187 men and 92 women, took part in 153 events in 25 sports.
2019 O'Reilly Auto Parts 300
The 2019 O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 is a NASCAR Xfinity Series race held on November 2, 2019, at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas. Contested over 200 laps on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) asphalt speedway, it was the 31st race of the 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, fifth race of the Playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 8.

2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series
The 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series was the 38th season of the NASCAR Xfinity Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States.

Tyler Reddick entered as the defending champion, and won his second championship over Cole Custer and Christopher Bell, who were known as "the big three" over the course of the season as they dominated the vast majority of the races. Reddick also clinched the 2019 Regular Series Championship following the 2019 Rhino Pro Truck Outfitters 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Reddick became the first back-to-back champion to drive for two different teams (JR Motorsports in 2018 and Richard Childress Racing in 2019).

The season marked the debut of the Toyota Supra, which replaced the Camry.
Château d'Uzès
The Château d'Uzès (or the Duchy) is an 11th-century fortified castle in the medieval town of Uzès in the Gard department of Occitanie, France. It has been listed as a monument historique since 1934, and partially classified since 1889.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Uzès
The Ancient Diocese of Uzès (Lat.: Uceticensis) is a former Roman Catholic diocese in France.  From the arrival of Christianity in the 5th century until the French Revolution the southern French city of Uzès, in the department of Gard, was the seat of a bishop, a competitor to the local lords.
Hydrazines
Hydrazines (R2N−NR2) are a class of chemical compounds with two nitrogen atoms linked via a covalent bond and which carry from one up to four alkyl or aryl substituents. Hydrazines can be considered as derivatives of the inorganic hydrazine (H2N−NH2), in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups.

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH or DNPH) is the organic compound C6H3(NO2)2NHNH2. DNPH is a red to orange solid. It is a substituted hydrazine. The solid is relatively sensitive to shock and friction. For this reason DNPH is usually handled as a wet powder. DNPH is a precursor to the drug Sivifene.
Cliftleigh, New South Wales
Cliftleigh is a small suburb, and planned development in the City of Cessnock, New South Wales, Australia. It is 27.8 kilometres (17 mi) north-west from Newcastle, and 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-northeast from Cessnock.

As at the 2016 census, Cliftleigh had a population of almost 900, with a potential of an additional 3,000 residents or more

Cessnock, New South Wales
Cessnock (/ˈsɛsnɒk/) is a city in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia, about 52 km (32 mi) by road west of Newcastle. It is the administrative centre of the City of Cessnock LGA and was named after an 1826 grant of land called Cessnock Estate, which was owned by John Campbell. The local area was once known as "The Coalfields", and it is the gateway city to the vineyards of the Hunter Valley, which includes Pokolbin, Mount View, Lovedale, Broke, Rothbury, and Branxton.
Matthew 4:5
Matthew 4:5 is the fifth verse of the fourth chapter  of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. Jesus has just rebuffed Satan's first temptation, and in this verse the devil transports him to the site of the second temptation.

Matthew 4
Matthew 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament of Christian Bible. Many translations of the gospel and biblical commentaries separate the first section of chapter 4 (verses 1–11, Matthew's account of the Temptation of Christ by the devil) from the remaining sections, which deal with Jesus' first public preaching and the gathering of his first disciples.
2018 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 2018 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Commodores played their home games at Vanderbilt Stadium in Nashville, Tennessee and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by fifth-year head coach Derek Mason. Vanderbilt finished the season 6–7, 3–5 in SEC play to finish in 6th place in the East Division. They were invited to play in the Texas Bowl where they were defeated by Baylor. This would be the last season the Commodores were bowl eligible until the 2024 season.

FirstBank Stadium
FirstBank Stadium (formerly Dudley Field and Vanderbilt Stadium) is a college football stadium on the campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Opened 104 years ago in 1922 as the first stadium in the South to be used exclusively for college football, it is the home of the Vanderbilt Commodores football team. When the venue was known as Vanderbilt Stadium, it hosted the Tennessee Oilers (now Titans) during the 1998 NFL season and the first Music City Bowl in 1998 and also hosted the Tennessee state high school football championships for many years.

FirstBank Stadium is the smallest stadium in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and was the largest in Nashville until the completion of the Titans' Nissan Stadium in 1999.  After the 2022–2025 renovation, its seating capacity was reduced to 35,000, down from the previous 40,350.
Transair (Canada)
Transair (IATA: TZ, ICAO: TTZ) was an airline based in Canada. It was purchased by Pacific Western Airlines in 1979.  Transair's operational headquarters was located at the Winnipeg International Airport in Manitoba.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
David Noon
David Noon (born 23 July 1946) is a contemporary classical composer and educator. He has written over 200 works from opera to chamber music.  Noon's composition teachers have included Karl Kohn, Darius Milhaud, Charles Jones, Yehudi Wyner, Mario Davidovsky, and Wlodzimierz Kotonski.  He was a distinguished member of the faculty at the Manhattan School of Music for 30 years.

Mario Davidovsky
Mario Davidovsky (March 4, 1934 – August 23, 2019) was an Argentine-American composer. Born in Argentina, he emigrated in 1960 to the United States, where he lived for the remainder of his life. He is best known for his series of compositions called Synchronisms, which in live performance incorporate both acoustic instruments and electroacoustic sounds played from a tape.
Industry in Iran
According to a report by The Economist, Iran has been ranked 39th for producing $23 billion of industrial products in 2008. From 2008 to 2009 Iran has leaped to 28th place from 69th place in annual industrial production growth rate.

The government of Iran has plans for the establishment of 50–60 industrial parks by the end of the fifth Five-Year Socioeconomic Development Plan by 2015. Iranian contractors have been awarded several foreign tender contracts in different fields of construction of dams, bridges, roads, buildings, railroads, power generation, and gas, oil and petrochemical industries. As of 2011, some 66 Iranian industrial companies are carrying out projects in 27 countries. Iran has exported over $20 billion worth of technical and engineering services over 2001–2011. The availability of local raw materials, rich mineral reserves, experienced manpower have all collectively played crucial role in winning the international bids.

Bank Saderat Iran
Bank Saderat Iran (BSI) (Persian: بانک صادرات ایران, Bānk-e Sāderāt-e Irān, lit. "Export Bank of Iran") is an Iranian multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It is Iran's largest bank. It was founded in Tehran in 1952 by the prominent Mofarrah and Bolurfrushan (also spelled Bolourforoushan) families, represented in the first board by  Mohammad Ali Mofarrah and  Mohammad Bolurfrushan and commenced operation on 13 November 1952 with a board of three directors and 20 employees.

Bank Saderat Iran has around 3,500 offices in 12 countries and territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and around 10 million customers. As of 30 June 2013, it had total assets of $59.110 billion. BSI has 28 international branches and services in 12 countries.
Rungtu language
Rungtu (Rungtu Chin), also known as Taungtha (Burmese: တောင်သားဘာသာစကား), is a moribund Kuki-Chin language of Burma spoken by the Taungtha people. It is spoken in 35 villages in Htilin, Kyaukhtu, and Saw townships, Magway Region. There are 3 dialects, namely Northern Rungtu, Central Rungtu, and Southern Rungtu.

The Rungtu dialects share 94%–96% lexical similarity. Rungtu shares 60%–66% lexical similarity with Rawngtu Chin.

Kuki-Chin languages
The Kuki-Chin languages (also called Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most notable Kuki-Chin-speaking ethnic groups are referred to collectively as the Zo people which includes the Mizo, Kuki, Chin and Zomi people.

Kuki-Chin is alternatively called South-Central Trans-Himalayan (or South Central Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group.

Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping.
Aultgrishan
Aultgrishan (Scottish Gaelic: Allt Ghrìsean) is a small crofting community near Gairloch, Ross-shire. It adjoins Melvaig, within Highland region and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Aultgrishan is reached from the main B8021 single-track B-road that forks from the A832 in Gairloch and follows the north coast of the sea loch, Loch Gairloch, travelling west through Lonemore to Big Sand, before travelling north past North Erradale through Peterburn and Aultgrishan before terminating at Melvaig. The road then becomes narrower and continues about four miles to Rua Reidh Lighthouse.

Big Sand
Big Sand (Scottish Gaelic: Sannda Mhòr) is a small remote crofting village in Highland, Scotland.  It is situated on the shores of the Gair Loch and is 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) from Gairloch village. As the name suggests it is situated beside a large, unspoiled beach. Longa Island, a small uninhabited island, is easily visible.

The crofting village of North Erradale lies 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) northwest of Big Sand, along the coast road, with the village of Melvaig located 4 to 5 miles (6 to 8 kilometres) further north of North Erradale.