hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waikawau
Waikawau is a rural community in the Waitomo District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, beside Waikawau River.

There are also small settlements of the same name on both the west and east coasts of Coromandel.

It features the only publicly accessible beach between Marokopa and Awakino. The only way to access the beach is through a walking track and farming tunnel, which was dug through sandstone cliffs by three men in 1911.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "water of the shag" for Waikawau.

The area has been a popular spot for freedom camping during whitebait season and summer. Signs were put in place in 2015, advising visitors it is illegal to camp on private land.

The New Zealand endemic plant, Dracophyllum strictum, grows extensively in the area.

Waitomo District
Waitomo District is a territorial authority, located in the Waikato region, at the north of the King Country area in the North Island of New Zealand. A small part of the district, the locality of Tiroa, however, lies in the Manawatū-Whanganui region.

The District covers the west coast from Te Maika, on Kawhia Harbour, to the north of Taharoa, to Mokau in the south and extends inland to Maniaiti / Benneydale and Mount Pureora.
Imamate in Shia doctrine
In Shia Islam, the Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is a doctrine which asserts that certain individuals from the lineage of the Islamic prophet Muhammad are to be accepted as leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of Muhammad. Imamah further says that Imams possess divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.

Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.
Assault on Gullberg Castle
The Assault on Gullberg Castle (Swedish: Anfallet mot Gullbergs fästning; Danish: Angreb på Gullberg Slot) occurred on 26 January 1612 during the Kalmar War. The female commander of the fortress, Emerentia Krakow, successfully led the Swedish defense after her husband, Mårten Krakow, broke his leg after falling off his horse.

Älvsborg Fortress
Älvsborg Fortress (Swedish: Älvsborgs fästning), with its main facility Oscar II's Fort (Swedish: Oscar II:s fort) built 1899–1907, is a now-defunct Swedish fortification located at the mouth of the Göta River in the Älvsborg district of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Hoeffding's lemma
In probability theory, Hoeffding's lemma is an inequality that bounds the moment-generating function of any bounded random variable, implying that such variables are subgaussian. It is named after the Finnish–American mathematical statistician Wassily Hoeffding.

The proof of Hoeffding's lemma uses Taylor's theorem and Jensen's inequality.  Hoeffding's lemma is itself used in the proof of Hoeffding's inequality as well as the generalization McDiarmid's inequality.

McDiarmid's inequality
In probability theory and theoretical computer science, McDiarmid's inequality (named after Colin McDiarmid ) is a concentration inequality which bounds the deviation between the sampled value and the expected value of certain functions when they are evaluated on independent random variables. McDiarmid's inequality applies to functions that satisfy a bounded differences property, meaning that replacing a single argument to the function while leaving all other arguments unchanged cannot cause too large of a change in the value of the function.
7 Hudson Square
7 Hudson Square is a 22-story, 338-foot-tall (103 m) office building in Manhattan, New York City. Completed in 2024 and designed by SOM, the contemporary terracotta building serves as the East Coast headquarters of the The Walt Disney Company and several of its subsidiaries, incorporating studio facilities for ABC News, ESPN, and its flagship television station WABC-TV.

The building's official address is 137 Varick Street; it's vanity address of 7 Hudson Square is in homage to WABC-TV, which broadcasts on channel 7. It is also known as the Robert A. Iger Building, in honor of Disney CEO Bob Iger. Other entrance addresses include 145 Varick Street.

Varick Street
Varick Street runs north–south primarily in the Hudson Square district of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York. Varick Street's northern terminus is in the West Village, where it is a continuation of Seventh Avenue South south of Clarkson Street. It continues downtown through Hudson Square and TriBeCa until it reaches Leonard Street, where it merges with West Broadway. Motor traffic is one-way southbound. Major east–west streets crossed include Houston Street and Canal Street. Approaching Broome Street, the two rightmost lanes of Varick Street are reserved for traffic entering the Holland Tunnel, where backups often occur at rush hour.
Marwari people
The Marwari or Marwadi (Devanagari: मारवाड़ी) are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group that originate from the Marwar region of Rajasthan, India. Their language, also called Marwari, comes under the umbrella of Rajasthani languages, which is part of the Western Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. Whilst most Marwaris live within India, they have sizeable presence in the neighbouring countries of Pakistan and Nepal.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Micropterix kardamylensis
Micropterix kardamylensis is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described by Hans Rebel in 1903. It is found in the southern Peloponnese in Greece. There are also records from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania and Bulgaria, but these might be Micropterix tunbergella instead.

The wingspan is 6.25-6.75 mm for males and 6.7-9.5 mm for females.

It was found on Pistacia lentiscus.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
1994 in Armenian football
The 1994 season was the third season of football in Armenia following the break-up of the Soviet Union. Professional football consisted of two divisions, the Armenian Premier League (containing 16 teams) and the Armenian First League (ten teams). Out of the sixteen Premier League teams, five would be relegated, while only the First League winner would be promoted for the 1995 season, reducing the top level to twelve clubs.

Impuls FC
Impuls Football Club (Armenian: Իմպուլս Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ), is a defunct Armenian professional football club from the town of Dilijan, Tavush Province. The club used to play in the Armenian Premier League, the top division of the Armenian football. The home ground of Impuls was the Dilijan City Stadium.
1957 African Cup of Nations final
The 1957 Africa Cup of Nations final was a football match that took place on 16 February 1957 at the Municipal Stadium in Khartoum, Sudan, to determine the winner of the 1957 Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

Egypt beat Ethiopia 4−0, with all four goals scored by Ad-Diba.

Khartoum Stadium
The Khartoum International Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Khartoum, Sudan.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium has a capacity of 23,000 people. It is also the home stadium of the Sudanese national football team and of the club Al Ahli SC Khartoum. In 2010, it was renovated for the 2011 African cup of nations championships.
Aluminium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula AlF3. It forms hydrates AlF3·xH2O. Anhydrous AlF3 and its hydrates are all colorless solids. Anhydrous AlF3 is used in the production of aluminium. Several occur as minerals.

Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula HF. It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the form of hydrofluoric acid, and is an important feedstock in the preparation of many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids. Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils near room temperature, a much higher temperature than other hydrogen halides.

Hydrogen fluoride is an extremely dangerous gas, forming corrosive and penetrating hydrofluoric acid upon contact with moisture. The gas can also cause blindness by rapid destruction of the corneas.
Dani Cameranesi
Danielle Cameranesi Brodzinski (born June 3, 1995) is a former American women's ice hockey forward who now works as a scout for the Minnesota Frost in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Cameranesi last played for the Minnesota section of the PWHPA in 2021.

She is a two-time Olympic Medalist, winning gold in 2018 and silver in 2022, and a three-time IIHF World Championship Medalist (gold 2015, 2019, and silver 2021).

Julie Chu Women's National Rookie of the Year Award
The Julie Chu Women's National Rookie of the Year Award is awarded yearly to the most outstanding rookie player in NCAA Division I women's college ice hockey by the Women's Hockey Commissioners Association. In 2024 the award was renamed to honor former Harvard hockey player Julie Chu.
Tobi (island)
Tobi is an island in the Palauan state of Hatohobei. Tobi Island is 1.6 km long and 0.8 km wide, and has an area of about 0.85 square kilometres (0.33 sq mi). With a population of 39 according to a 2020 census, it holds all of the state's people, with the exception of a weather base on Helen Island. Most of the inhabitants live on the island's west side and speak Tobian.

Tobi, Helen Reef (Hotsarihie), Transit Reef (Pieraurou), and the islands in the state of Sonsorol make up the Republic of Palau's Southwest Islands.

Sonsorol
Sonsorol  is one of the sixteen states of Palau.  The inhabitants speak Sonsorolese, a local Chuukic language, and Palauan.

The islands of the state of Sonsorol, together with the islands of Hatohobei, form the Southwest Islands of Palau. By area and population it is the country’s third smallest state (after Hatohobei and Kayangel.)
2020 Welsh Open (snooker)
The 2020 Welsh Open (officially the 2020 ManBetX Welsh Open) was a professional snooker tournament which took place from 10 to 16 February 2020 at the Motorpoint Arena in Cardiff, Wales. It was the 12th ranking event of the 2019–20 snooker season, and the final tournament of the season's Home Nations Series. It was the 29th edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992. The event featured a prize fund of £405,000 with the winner receiving £70,000.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, having beaten Stuart Bingham 9–7 in the 2019 final, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Kyren Wilson. Shaun Murphy won the event, with a 9–1 win over Kyren Wilson in the final. There were a total of 77 century breaks at the event, the highest made by Wilson, a maximum break of 147 in the first frame of his first-round match with Jackson Page.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Wolfgang Maassen
Wolfgang A. Maassen is a German philatelist who, in 2014, was invited to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists.  He was awarded the Sieger Medal in 2003 and 2008 and the Lindenberg Medal in 2012. Maassen is a specialist in the philately of Brazil and a student of the history of philately and philatelic literature. He is the author of many books on philately, a philatelic journalist and publisher. His own philatelic library, with hundreds of metres of shelf space, is one of the biggest in private hands. Furthermore, he is Editor in Chief of the German magazine philatelie and the international magazine Phila Historica. He is also President of the AIJP, the world association of authors and journalists in philately.

Lindenberg Medal
The Lindenberg Medal is an award given to those who provide “conspicuous service to philately” because of their investigations and contributions to philatelic literature.

It is considered by some as the Nobel Prize of Philately.
NGC 5087
NGC 5087 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered on April 8, 1788 by the astronomer William Herschel. It is a member of the NGC 5084 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Bernardo Tanucci
Bernardo Tanucci (20 February 1698 – 29 April 1783) was an Italian jurist and statesman, who brought an enlightened absolutism style of government to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for Charles III and his son Ferdinand IV.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Night Hawk Lake
Night Hawk Lake is a lake in the city of Timmins, Cochrane District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is the source of the Frederick House River, which flows via the Abitibi River and Moose River to James Bay.  Night Hawk Lake is the largest lake within the boundaries of the City of Timmins.

Timmins
Timmins (/ˈtɪmɪns/ TIM-inss) is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the Mattagami River. The city is the fourth-largest city in the Northeastern Ontario region with a population of 41,145 at the 2021 Canadian census and an estimated population of 44,819 in 2023. The city's economy is based on natural resource extraction. It is supported by industries related to lumbering, and to the mining of gold, zinc, copper, nickel, and silver. Timmins serves as a regional service and distribution centre.

The city has a large Francophone community, with more than 50% of the residents bilingual in French and English.
La permission de dix heures
La permission de dix heures is an opéra comique in one act, composed in 1867 by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto, by Mélesville and Pierre Carmouche, was arranged by Nuitter with the agreement of Carmouche from the comédie-vaudeville by the same authors, first performed at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal on 17 April 1841. Offenbach's opéra comique premiered in Bad Ems, Germany, and had a Paris production but did not enter the repertoire.

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Antopal
Antopal or Antopol is an urban-type settlement in Drahichyn District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is located near the towns of Kobryn and Brest. As of 2025, it has a population of 1,401.

Antopol is situated in the Polesian Lowland near the river Pripyat which flows into the Dnieper River.  The Polesian Plain is a region of lakes and moors, well suited for agriculture. It changed hands frequently between Poland and Russia.  Between the two world wars, western Polesia was part of the Kresy region of Poland.

Kobryn
Kobryn or Kobrin is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Kobryn District. It is located in the southwestern corner of Belarus, where the Mukhavets river and Dnieper–Bug Canal meet. The town lies about 52 kilometres (32 mi) east of the city of Brest. As of 2025, it has a population of 52,432.
The Self-Sufficient-ish Bible
The Self-Sufficient-ish Bible: An Eco-living Guide for the 21st Century is a nonfiction book by British twins Andy and Dave Hamilton. The book was first published in 2008 by Hodder & Stoughton. The book is a guide on how to be self sufficient and have a sustainable lifestyle in the 21st century.

The Bible contains recipes for dishes such as knotweed fool.

Self-sustainability
Self-sustainability and self-sufficiency are overlapping states of being in which a person, being, or system needs little or no help from, or interaction with others. Self-sufficiency entails the self being enough (to fulfill needs), and a self-sustaining entity can maintain self-sufficiency indefinitely. These states represent types of personal or collective autonomy. A self-sufficient economy is one that requires little or no trade with the outside world and is called an autarky.
Hold-up problem
In economics, the hold-up problem is central to the theory of incomplete contracts, and shows the difficulty in writing complete contracts. A hold-up problem arises when two factors are present:

Parties to a future transaction must make noncontractible relationship-specific investments before the transaction takes place.

The specific form of the optimal transaction (such as quality-level specifications, time of delivery, what quantity of units) cannot be determined with certainty beforehand.

The hold-up problem is a situation where two parties may be able to work most efficiently by cooperating but refrain from doing so because of concerns that they may give the other party increased bargaining power and thus reduce their own profits. When party A has made a prior commitment to a relationship with party B, the latter can 'hold up' the former for the value of that commitment. The hold-up problem leads to severe economic cost and might also lead to underinvestment.

John Moore (economist)
John Halstead Hardman Moore CBE FBA FRSE (born 7 May 1954) is an economic theorist. He was appointed George Watson's and Daniel Stewart's Chair of Political Economy at the University of Edinburgh School of Economics in 2000. In 2018 he was appointed the David Hume University Professor at the University of Edinburgh. Previously, in 1983, he was appointed to the London School of Economics, where in 1990 he became Professor of Economic Theory, a position he still holds.
Mary Cain (athlete)
Mary Cecilia Cain (born May 3, 1996) is an American-born Irish professional middle distance runner from Bronxville, New York. Cain was the 2014 World Junior Champion in the 3000 meter event. She is the youngest female athlete ever to represent the United States at a track and field World Championships meet after competing in the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow aged 17 years and 3 months.

New Balance Indoor Grand Prix
The New Balance Indoor Grand Prix, formerly known as the Boston Indoor Games, is an annual indoor track and field meet which is held in late January or early February at the Track at New Balance. Prior to 2023, it was hosted at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center. It was first held in Roxbury, a neighborhood in Boston, in 1996 and has become one of the foremost events of its type in the United States, alongside the Millrose Games.
Dęba, Piotrków County
Dęba [ˈdɛmba] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ręczno, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Ręczno, 34 km (21 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Ręczno
Ręczno [ˈrɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ręczno. It lies approximately 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.