hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N,N'-Diallyl-L-tartardiamide
N,N′-Diallyl-L-tartardiamide (DATD) is a crosslinking agent for polyacrylamide gels, e.g., as used for SDS-PAGE. Compared to bisacrylamide gels, DATD gels have a stronger interaction with glass, and therefore are used in applications where the polyacrylamide gel acts as a "plug" structural component at the bottom of a gel electrophoresis apparatus, thereby preventing a weak discontinuous gel from sliding out from or otherwise moving within the apparatus. Unlike bisacrylamide-polyacrylamide gels, DATD-polyacrylamide gels can be conveniently dissolved using periodic acid due to the presence of viscinal diols in DATD. DATD is the slowest polyacrylamide crosslinker tested, and has can act as an inhibitor of polymerization at high concentrations.

Diol
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).  An aliphatic diol may also be called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. They are used as protecting groups of carbonyl groups, making them essential in synthesis of organic chemistry.

The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol. Examples of diols in which the hydroxyl functional groups are more widely separated include 1,4-butanediol HO−(CH2)4−OH and propylene-1,3-diol, or beta propylene glycol, HO−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH.
Annona foetida
Annona foetida  is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru and Suriname. Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, the German botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its foul-smelling (fetidus in Latin) odor.

Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, Flora Brasiliensis, which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906.
Larch bolete
The name larch bolete is used to describe a number of fungi in the order Boletales which occur in association with species of larch, conifers in the genus Larix.  These fungi include members of the genus Suillus:

S. cavipes

S. grevillei (larch bolete, Greville's bolete, or bovine bolete)

S. ochraceoroseus (rosy larch bolete)

S. viscidus (sticky bolete, grayish larch bolete)

Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types.
Jaime Hilario Integrated School – La Salle
Jaime Hilario Integrated School – La Salle is a Lasallian co-educational primary and secondary school located in Bagac, Bataan, in the Philippines.  It was opened by the De La Salle Brothers in 2006 to cater to the farming and fishing community. It is the 16th school of De La Salle Philippines, a network of Lasallian schools in the Philippines.

De La Salle Brothers Philippine District
The De La Salle Brothers - Philippine District is part of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, the largest congregation of Roman Catholic religious Brothers who are exclusively dedicated to education. The Institute was founded in Reims, France in 1680, with over 75,000 De La Salle Christian Brothers together with lay colleagues established globally 1,500 Catholic, Lasallian educational institutions worldwide in 82 countries.
Yrjö Vesterinen
Yrjö Vesterinen (born 7 December 1952) is a Finnish former International motorcycle trials World Champion. Vesterinen won the FIM World Trials Championship three times from 1976 through 1978. He was also eleven times Finnish National champion between 1970 and 1980, and British National champion in 1982.

Malcolm Rathmell
Malcolm Rathmell (born 18 June 1949), is an English former international motorcycle trials rider. He won the Scottish Six Days Trial in 1973 and 1979, and clinched the FIM Trans America Trials Championship in 1974 (The series was to become FIM Trial World Championship in 1975). Rathmell is a six-time winner of the British Trials Championship between 1971 and 1981 and six-time winner of the Scott Trial between 1971 and 1980. In 2013, Rathmell was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.
Soltau
Soltau (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔltaʊ] ⓘ) is a mid-sized town in the Lüneburg Heath in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has around 22,000 inhabitants. The city is centrally located in the Lüneburg Heath and is known nationwide especially for its tourist attractions like the Heide-Park and the Soltau-Therme.

Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen
The Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen AG (OHE) is a Celle based transportation company with railway network in North-eastern Lower Saxony around the Lüneburg Heath area of over 250 km.

The OHE's main business is the transportation of freight through their own routes as well as the network of the Deutsche Bahn.

Historically the company also operated passenger trains, which completely ended in 1977 after previous partial closures. After the de-monopolisation of the German railways in the 1990s the company re-entered the rail passenger market through the company NiedersachsenBahn which has a large stake in the company metronom

In March 2007 the OHE became majority owned by Arriva Deutschland.
Dino Skender
Dino Skender (born 10 December 1983) is a Croatian professional football manager who is the manager of Latvian club Liepāja. Besides Croatia, he has also managed in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Third Football League (Croatia)
The Treća nogometna liga (English: Third football league), commonly Treća NL or 3. NL, is the fourth tier of the Croatian football league system. The league was reestablished in 2022 following the reconstruction of league system in Croatia. It is operated by the Croatian Football Federation.
Promegapoietin
Promegapoietin is a drug given during chemotherapy to increase blood cell regeneration. It is a colony-stimulating factor that stimulates megakaryocyte production.

It functions by stimulating ligands for interleukin 3 and c-Mpl.

Thrombopoietin
Thrombopoietin (THPO) also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THPO gene.

Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and  kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets.

Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular development process that leads to platelet production. The protein encoded by this gene is a humoral growth factor necessary for megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation, as well as for thrombopoiesis. This protein is the ligand for MLP/C_MPL, the product of myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene.
Gmina Kłodzko
Gmina Kłodzko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kłodzko, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 252.25 square kilometres (97.4 sq mi), and as of 2024 its total population is 16,369.

Kłodzko County
Kłodzko County (Polish: powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area of 1,643 square kilometres (634 sq mi); its territory almost exactly corresponds to the former Bohemian, later Prussian, County of Kladsko. It is located in a panhandle called Kłodzko Panhandle. The county's administrative seat is the town of Kłodzko; the other towns are: Duszniki-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Polanica-Zdrój, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Radków, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. (The suffix Zdrój appearing in several of these names means "spa".)

As of 2019 the total population of the county was 158,600.
Sri Lanka Railways M8
Sri Lanka Railways Class M8 is a class of Sri Lankan diesel-electric locomotive that was developed by Banaras Locomotive Works at Varanasi, India, in 1996. This class of locomotives was fitted with 2,800 hp (2,100 kW) V16 power units. This is used on both passenger and freight trains on Sri Lanka Railways.

Main Line (Sri Lanka)
The Main Line is a major railway line in the rail network of Sri Lanka, also known to have scenic views.  The line begins at Colombo Fort and winds through the Sri Lankan hill country to reach Badulla.
Meinersen
Meinersen is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated between the rivers Oker and Aller, approx. 12 km west of Gifhorn, and 25 km southeast of Celle. The Municipality Meinersen includes the villages of Ahnsen, Böckelse, Hardesse, Höfen, Hünenberg, Meinersen, Ohof, Päse, Seershausen, Siedersdamm and Warmse.

The lutheran church

Old court

Old water mill

Meinersen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Meinersen ("collective municipality"), which consists of the following municipalities:

Hillerse

Leiferde

Meinersen

Müden (Aller)

Müden (Aller)
Müden (Aller) is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Aller and Oker. The Municipality Müden includes the villages of Bokelberge, Brenneckenbrück, Dieckhorst, Ettenbüttel, Flettmar, Gerstenbüttel, Gilde, Hahnenhorn and Müden. As of the most recent census data at 2022, the municipality has a population of approximately 5,264 residents
Quade Cooper
Quade Santini Cooper (born 5 April 1988) is an Australian professional rugby union coach, former player, and occasional boxer. Although born in New Zealand, he has represented Australia in rugby at international level. Finishing his playing career with the Hanazono Liners in Japan, Cooper established his career with the Queensland Reds in the Super Rugby. He went on to play for Toulon in the French Top 14 and also played for the Melbourne Rebels. His team position was fly-half, however Cooper was often deployed in the midfield earlier in his career, as well as fullback.

New Zealand Rugby
New Zealand Rugby (NZR) is the governing body of rugby union in New Zealand. It was founded in 1892 as the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU), 12 years after the first provincial unions in New Zealand. In 1949 it became an affiliate to the International Rugby Football Board, now known as World Rugby, the governing body of rugby union for the world. It dropped the word "Football" from its name in 2006. The brand name New Zealand Rugby was adopted in 2013. Officially, it is an incorporated society with the name New Zealand Rugby Union Incorporated.

The organisation's main objectives, as displayed in the NZR Constitution, are to promote and develop rugby throughout New Zealand; arrange and participate in matches and tours in New Zealand and overseas; represent New Zealand in World Rugby; form and manage New Zealand representative teams; and encourage participation in the sport. NZR headquarters are located in Wellington, New Zealand, with an office in Auckland.
Schneider (surname)
Schneider (German for "tailor", literally "one who cuts", from the verb schneiden "to cut") is a very common surname in Germany. Alternative spellings include: Schneyder, Schnieder, Snyder, Snider, Sneider, Schnyder, Znaider, Schnaider, Schneiter, Shneider, and Sneijder, Snijder (Dutch), Snither (English), Snyman (Afrikaans), Schnider (Swiss German), Sznajder, Szneider (Polish), Snaider, Šnajder (Serbo-Croatian), and Schneidre (French).

Sneijder
Sneijder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jeffrey Sneijder (born 1982), Dutch footballer

Rodney Sneijder (born 1991), Dutch footballer

Wesley Sneijder (born 1984), Dutch footballer
Marine Air Control Squadron 23
Marine Air Control Squadron 23 (MACS-23) is a former reserve United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron. The squadron provided aerial surveillance and air traffic control for the Marine Forces Reserve. They were based Buckley Air Force Base, Aurora, Colorado and fell under Marine Air Control Group 48 and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

4th Marine Aircraft Wing
The 4th Marine Aircraft Wing is the reserve airwing of the United States Marine Corps.  It is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana but its subordinate units are scattered throughout the United States.
Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula
The Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula or sinc interpolation is a method to construct a continuous-time bandlimited function from a sequence of real numbers.  The formula dates back to the works of E. Borel in 1898, and E. T. Whittaker in 1915, and was cited from works of J. M. Whittaker in 1935, and in the formulation of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem by Claude Shannon in 1949.  It is also commonly called Shannon's interpolation formula and Whittaker's interpolation formula.  E. T. Whittaker, who published it in 1915, called it the Cardinal series.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
2025 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship
The 2025 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship was the 19th edition of the FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship, the biennial international youth volleyball championship contested by the men's national teams under the age of 19 of the members associations of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. It was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from 24 July to 3 August 2025.

Starting with this edition, the tournament was expanded from 20 to 24 teams, following the decision adopted by FIVB in June 2023.

FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship
The FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship, called the FIVB Volleyball Boys' Youth World Championship between 2007 and 2011, is the world championship of volleyball for male players under the age of 19 organized by Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

The first edition was staged in 1989 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and tournaments have been played every two years since then. The most recent tournament was hosted by Iran in the city of Tehran and won by Poland.

Brazil is the most successful nation in the tournament's history, with six titles and one runner-up. Russia is the second most successful with three titles and four runners-up.

A corresponding tournament for female players is the FIVB Volleyball Girls' U19 World Championship.
Benjamin Brafman
Benjamin Brafman is an American criminal defense attorney and founder of the Manhattan-based law firm Brafman & Associates. Brafman is known for representing many high-profile defendants, including celebrities, accused Mafia members, and political figures.

Manhattan District Attorney
The District Attorney of New York County, commonly known as Manhattan District Attorney, is the elected district attorney for New York County, New York. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws (federal law violations in Manhattan are prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York). The current district attorney is Alvin Bragg Jr.. He was elected in 2021 to succeed Cyrus Vance Jr.

District attorneys are legally permitted to delegate the prosecution of petty crimes or offenses. Prosecutors do not normally handle New York City Criminal Court summons court cases, and the Manhattan district attorney has a memorandum of understanding with the New York City Police Department allowing their legal bureau to selectively prosecute them.
Raj Gauthaman
Susairaj Pushparaj (14 February / 25 August 1950 – 13 November 2024), known as Raj Gauthaman, was an Indian Tamil intellectual who pioneered new approaches to Tamil cultural and literary history studies in the late 20th century. He authored 20 research works that analyse the development of Tamil culture from ancient to modern periods with a focus on subaltern Dalit perspectives. He also wrote three novels and translated Sanskrit works into Tamil. Raj Gauthaman was a part of the core group of writers and thinkers, many of whom were Dalits, which shaped the thinking of the influential journal, Nirapirikai in the early 1990s. He worked in academia  before retiring in 2011.

Gauthaman was awarded the Pudhumaipithan Ninaivu Virudhu by the Canadian and American Tamil diaspora in 2018. He was awarded the Vishnupuram Award for 2018 by the Vishnupuram Ilakkiya Vattam for his significant contributions to the Tamil literary and cultural domain.

Susie Tharu
Susie Tharu (born 1943) is an Indian writer, publisher, professor, editor and women's activist. Throughout her career and the founding of several women's activist organizations, Tharu has helped to highlight those issues in India.
Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development (Norwegian: Kommunal- og distriktsdepartementet, KDD) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1948. It is responsible for housing and building, regional and rural policy, municipal and county administration and finances, and the conduct of elections. It is headed by the Minister of Local Government and Regional Development.

During the Solberg government, the ministry was called the Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation. This was created by merging the ongoing ministry with the Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs and the planning department in the Ministry of the Environment. The ministry adopted its current name on 1 January 2022.

Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norwegian: Klima- og miljødepartementet, KLD) is a Norwegian ministry established on 8 May 1972. The Ministry of Climate and Environment has a particular responsibility for carrying out the climate and environmental policies of the Government. Before 2014 the name was Ministry of the Environment (Norwegian: Miljøverndepartementet).

It is led by the Minister of Climate and Environment, currently Andreas Bjelland Eriksen (Labour Party) since 2023. The ministry reports to the legislature (Storting).
XPO5
Exportin-5 (XPO5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XPO5 gene. In eukaryotic cells, the primary purpose of XPO5 is to export pre-microRNA (also known as pre-miRNA) out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, for further processing by the Dicer enzyme. Once in the cytoplasm, the microRNA (also known as miRNA) can act as a gene silencer by regulating translation of mRNA. Although XPO5 is primarily involved in the transport of pre-miRNA, it has also been reported to transport tRNA.

Much research on XPO5 is ongoing. miRNA is a prominent research topic due to its potential use as a therapeutic, with several miRNA-based drugs already in use.

Dicer
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively. These fragments are approximately 20–25 base pairs long with a two-base overhang on the 3′-end. Dicer facilitates the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is essential for RNA interference. RISC has a catalytic component Argonaute, which is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA).
History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
The history of the Philippines, from 1965 to 1986, covers the presidency and dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. The Marcos era includes the final years of the Third Republic (1965–1972), the Philippines under martial law (1972–1981), and the majority of the Fourth Republic (1981–1986). By the end of the Marcos dictatorial era, the country was experiencing a debt crisis, extreme poverty, and severe underemployment.

Proclamation No. 1081
Proclamation No. 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.

The proclamation marked the onset of a 14-year period of authoritarian rule, which would include eight years of Martial Law (de jure ending on January 17, 1981, through Proclamation No. 2045), but not de facto: followed by five more years where Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator.

Marcos was eventually ousted on February 25, 1986, as a result of the EDSA People Power Revolution.
Len Waters Estate, New South Wales
Len Waters Estate is a small industrial estate of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Len Waters Estate is located 39 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool.

City of Liverpool (New South Wales)
The City of Liverpool is a local government area, administered by Liverpool City Council, located in the south-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The area encompasses 305.5 square kilometres (118.0 sq mi) and its administrative centre is located in the suburb of Liverpool.

The mayor of the City is Cr. Ned Mannoun, a member of the Liberal Party.
Pseudophyllodromiinae
The Pseudophyllodromiinae are a subfamily of cockroaches, in the family Ectobiidae, with a world-wide distribution.

Well known species include:

Small yellow cockroach Cariblatta lutea

Brown-banded cockroach Supella longipalpa

Eastern ellipsidion Ellipsidion australe

Cariblatta lutea
Cariblatta lutea is a small species of cockroach native to the United States and other countries, measuring usually around 7 millimeters long as an adult and under 2 millimeters from head tip to abdomen tip at the 1st instar or hatchling. It consists of two subspecies, the small yellow cockroach (Cariblatta lutea lutea), and the least yellow cockroach (Cariblatta lutea minima).

The ootheca, or egg case, of C. lutea has been suggested as a possible host of an ensign wasp, Hyptia floridana.
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement
Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement (Russian: Яндобинское се́льское поселе́ние; Chuvash: Юнтапа ял тăрăхĕ, Yountapa jal tărăkhĕ) is an administrative and municipal division (a rural settlement) of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the central part of the district. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yandoba. Rural settlement's population: 1,081 (2006 est.).

Yandobinskoye Rural Settlement comprises twelve rural localities.

The Cheboksary–Alikovo highway crosses the territory of the rural settlement.

Alikovo, Alikovsky District, Chuvash Republic
Alikovo (Russian: А́ликово; Chuvash: Элӗк, Elĕk) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Alikovsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located 67 kilometers (42 mi) south of Cheboksary, on the Cheboksary—Krasnye Chetai and Cheboksary—Yadrin auto routes. Population:  2,653 (2010 Census); 2,914 (2002 Census); 2,689 (1989 Soviet census). The majority of the population is Chuvash.