hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gamma Sculptoris
Gamma Sculptoris, Latinized from γ Sculptoris, is a single, orange-hued star in the constellation Sculptor. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 17.90 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located about 182 light years from the Sun. It is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.41. It is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +15.6 km/s.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III. At the age of four to six billion years it is a red clump star on the horizontal branch, which means it is generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has 1.15 to 1.31 times the mass of the Sun and it has expanded to 11.6 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 53 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,580 K.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Second Virginia Charter
The Second Virginia Charter, also known as the Charter of 1609 (dated May 23, 1609), is a document that provided "a further Enlargement and Explanation of the said [first] Grant, Privileges, and Liberties", which gave the London Company adventurers influence in determining the policies of the company, extended the Company's rights to land extending "up into the Land throughout from Sea to Sea", and allowed English merchant companies and individuals to invest in the colonization effort. The charter includes a detailed list of the names of some 650 noblemen, gentlemen, officials, companies, and individuals who subscribed as investors.

Virginia Company of London
The Virginia Company of London (sometimes called "London Company") was a division of the Virginia Company with responsibility for colonizing the east coast of North America between latitudes 34° and 41° N.
Gunness and Burringham railway station
Gunness railway station, later suffixed "and Burringham", is a former railway station in Gunness, Lincolnshire. Today trains call at the nearby Althorpe.

The station was opened by the Trent, Ancholme and Grimsby Railway and was situated on a short branch from the main line.

Althorpe railway station
Althorpe railway station serves the village of Althorpe in North Lincolnshire, England. The station is also very close to the villages of Keadby, Gunness and Burringham.

Most services are provided by Northern Trains who operate the station.  Occasional services by TransPennine Express also call at this station.

The station is unstaffed and has very limited facilities. There is a shelter on each platform, with a telephone and a help point for contact with Customer Services and British Transport Police on Platform 1 (eastbound); train running information is also provided by timetable posters on each side. Platform 2 (westbound) is accessible only by a footbridge with 50 steps.

The station is on the west bank of the River Trent, to the west of the combined road-and-rail King George V Bridge, which was a lifting bridge until the late 1950s.
Cameron Jordan
Cameron Tyler Jordan (born July 10, 1989) is an American professional football defensive end for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears, and was selected by the Saints in the first round of the 2011 NFL draft. A member of the NFL 2010s All-Decade Team, Jordan is an eight-time Pro Bowler, a three-time All-Pro selection, is the Saints' all-time franchise sack leader, and currently ranks 17th all-time in sacks.

2018 Pro Bowl
The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2017 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 28, 2018. For the first time since 2009, the game started during afternoon hours instead of primetime hours for U.S. Mainland viewers with a 3 p.m. ET start. It marked the second year the game was played in Orlando. It was televised nationally by ESPN and simulcasted on ABC. The roster was announced on December 19 on NFL Network. The AFC team won the game 24–23, the second straight year the Pro Bowl was won by the AFC.
English Steel Corporation
The English Steel Corporation Ltd was a United Kingdom steel producer.  The company was jointly owned by Cammell Laird and Vickers and was formed to bring together their basic steel making interests, principally in the Sheffield area but also including a plant in Openshaw, Manchester.

The company was nationalised in 1951, becoming part of the Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain, was denationalised shortly afterwards, and renationalised and absorbed into British Steel Corporation in 1967. It was then subsequently privatised. Eventually the present business was acquired in a management buyout in 2005 and is now called Sheffield Forgemasters.

For more information see the constituent companies' articles.

Sheffield Forgemasters
Sheffield Forgemasters is a British heavy engineering firm that is based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. The state-owned company specialises in the production of large bespoke steel castings and forgings, as well as standard rolls, ingots and bars. The company was nationalised in July 2021, becoming wholly owned by the UK's Ministry of Defence.
Kalyangad
Kalyangad Fort/Nandgiri is in the  taluka Koregaon of Satara district of Maharashtra. The fort  stands at the end of a spur of the Mahadev range running south-west from the villages of Vikhale and Bhadle, eight miles north of Koregaon and about fourteen miles north-east of Satara. Its elevation is 3,537 feet above sea level.

Koregaon
Koregaon is a census town and headquarters for the surrounding Koregaon Taluka in the Satara subdivision of Satara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is situated on the NH-548C Satara-Baitul National Highway about 18 km east of Satara city, about 120 km from Pune and 267 km from Mumbai.  The Koregaon railway station, situated on the Pune - Miraj line, is 2 kilometers outside the town. Koregaon Bus Station is conveniently located just a stone's throw away from the railway station.

Dr. B.R.Ambedkar writes about his childhood experience of travelling from Satara to Koregaon, and the discrimination they suffered, in his autobiographical book, Waiting for a Visa (chapter 1).
Kluang High School
Kluang High School (Malay: Sekolah Tinggi Kluang) is a public secondary school in Kluang, Johor, Malaysia. It is situated opposite Kluang Police Station, near the Kluang District Education Office and is less than two kilometres away from the town centre.

An all-boys primary school at inception, it is now a co-educational secondary school with hostel facilities.

Medium of instruction
A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual education or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing education in a child's mother tongue is indeed a critical issue". In post-secondary, university and special education settings, content may often be taught in a language that is not spoken in the students' homes. This is referred to as content based learning or content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In situations where the medium of instruction of academic disciplines is English when it is not the students' first language, the phenomenon is referred to as English-medium instruction (EMI).
Gåsvatnet
Gåsvatnet (Norwegian) or Sarvejællanjaevrie (Southern Sami) is a lake in Grane Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 2.32 km2 (0.90 sq mi) lake lies in the southeastern part of Lomsdal–Visten National Park, just north of Norwegian National Road 73.

Lomsdal–Visten National Park
Lomsdal–Visten National Park (Norwegian: Lomsdal–Visten nasjonalpark, Southern Sami: Njaarken vaarjelimmiedajve) is a Norwegian national park that was established on 26 June 2009. The park consists of a total protected area of 1,102 square kilometres (425 sq mi). It is located in Nordland county, Norway, and covers parts of Brønnøy Municipality, Vevelstad Municipality, Grane Municipality, and Vefsn Municipality.

The landscape is dominated by great diversity and many rivers. There are steep-sided fjords with deciduous woodlands, coniferous forests, mountainous terrains, and alpine peaks. The rich and varied geology was another reason for protecting the area. Karstic terrain with caves, subterranean rivers, arches, and unusual weathering are found here.
Kuna High School
Kuna High School is a public high school in Kuna, Idaho, the only traditional high school in the Kuna Joint School District #3, located in southwest Ada County, west of Boise and south of Meridian. The school colors are black and gold and the mascot is a Kaveman.

Meridian, Idaho
Meridian is a city located in Ada County, Idaho, United States. The population was 117,635 at the 2020 census, making it the 2nd most populous city in the county and Idaho after Boise, the state capital. Meridian is considered the state's fastest-growing city and among the fastest-growing cities in the United States.
2022 United States Senate election in Utah
The 2022 United States Senate election in Utah was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Utah. Incumbent senator Mike Lee, who was first elected in 2010, won re-election to a third term, defeating Evan McMullin, an independent candidate who was endorsed by the Utah Democratic Party.

This was the first Senate election in Utah's history in which there was no Democratic nominee. Lee's performance was the worst for a Republican in a Utah U.S. Senate election since 1974, while McMullin's was the best ever for an independent in a Utah U.S. Senate race and the best for a non-Republican since 1976. This was the first Senate election since 1974 that Salt Lake County did not vote Republican.

1974 United States Senate election in Utah
The 1974 United States Senate election in Utah took place on November 5, 1974 alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Wallace F. Bennett did not run for re-election to a fifth term, but retired. Republican nominee Jake Garn defeated Democratic nominee Wayne Owens. This is the last Senate election that Salt Lake County voted Democratic.
Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd
Liksom en Herdinna, högtids klädd ("Like a Shepherdess, festively dressed"), is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 80. The Epistle is subtitled "Angående Ulla Winblads Lustresa til Första Torpet, utom Kattrumps Tullen" (Concerning Ulla Winblad's pleasure-trip to Första Torpet, outside Kattrump Tollgate). It is a pastorale, starting with a near-paraphrase of Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux's French guide to the construction of pastoral verse. That doesn't prevent the supposed shepherd and shepherdess from falling into bed drunk at the end of the song. It has been described as lovelier in Swedish than in Boileau's original French. The epistle's humorous depiction of the human condition has been praised by critics.

Lars Lönnroth
Lars Lönnroth  (born 4 June 1935) is a Swedish literary scholar.

He was born in Gothenburg to Erik Lönnroth and Ebba Lagercrantz.

His academic career includes professorships at the University of California Berkeley, University of Aalborg and the University of Gothenburg.
Emir Bajrami
Emir Bajrami (born 7 March 1988) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a winger. Starting off his professional career with IF Elfsborg in 2006, he went on to represent FC Twente, AS Monaco, and Panathinaikos before retiring at Elfsborg in 2018. A full international between 2010 and 2012, he won 18 caps for the Sweden national team and was included in the squad for UEFA Euro 2012. He is the joint Assistant Manager of Aberdeen FC.

IFK Norrköping
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Norrköping, more commonly known as IFK Norrköping or simply Norrköping, is a Swedish professional football club based in Norrköping. The club is affiliated to Östergötlands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at PlatinumCars Arena. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are white and blue. Formed on 29 May 1897, the club have won thirteen national championship titles and six national cup titles.

The club plays in the highest Swedish tier, Allsvenskan, which they first won in 1943. IFK Norrköping were most successful during the 1940s, when they won five Swedish championships and two Svenska Cupen titles under the Hungarian coach Lajos Czeizler and with players like Gunnar Nordahl and Nils Liedholm.

IFK Norrköping won the 2015 Allsvenskan, their first win since 1989, which also gave them a spot in the second qualification round of 2016–17 UEFA Champions League.
Soft-in soft-out decoder
A soft-in soft-out decoder (SISO decoder) is a type of soft-decision decoder used with error correcting codes.  "Soft-in" refers to the fact that the incoming data may take on values other than 0 or 1, in order to indicate reliability.  "Soft-out" refers to the fact that each bit in the decoded output also takes on a value indicating reliability.  Typically, the soft output is used as the soft input to an outer decoder in a system using concatenated codes, or to modify the input to a further decoding iteration such as in the decoding of turbo codes.

Examples include the BCJR algorithm and the soft output Viterbi algorithm.

BCJR algorithm
The Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm is an algorithm for maximum a posteriori decoding of error correcting codes defined on trellises (principally convolutional codes).  The algorithm is named after its inventors: Bahl, Cocke, Jelinek and Raviv.  This algorithm is critical to modern iteratively-decoded error-correcting codes, including turbo codes and low-density parity-check codes.
Hemodynamics of the aorta
The hemodynamics of the aorta is an ongoing field of research in which the goal is to identify what flow patterns and subsequent forces occur within the thoracic aorta. These patterns and forces are used to identify the presence and severity of cardiovascular diseases such as aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Some of the  methods used to study the hemodynamics of aortic flow are patient scans, computational fluid dynamics models, and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). The information gathered through these studies can be used for surgery planning and the development of implants. Greater understanding of this topic reduces mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disease.

Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the aortic arch. It is located within the posterior mediastinal cavity, but frequently bulges into the left pleural cavity. The descending thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta.

At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column.

The thoracic aorta has a curved shape that faces forward, and has small branches. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm.
Riggs-Zorach House
The Riggs-Zorach House is a historic house in the Robinhood area of Georgetown, Maine.  Built in the early 19th century for a local state legislator, it is an excellent local example of Federal/Greek Revival period architecture.  It is most prominent as the home of artists Marguerite Thompson Zorach and William Zorach in the mid-20th century.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Georgetown, Maine
Georgetown is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,058 at the 2020 census. Home to Reid State Park, the town is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Located on an island accessible by car from the mainland, Georgetown includes the villages of Five Islands, Georgetown, Bay Point, Marrtown, West Georgetown and Robinhood. It is a popular tourist destination.
Charin Nantanakorn
Charin Nanthanakorn (formerly Charin Ngam-muang) (1 February 1933 – 20 August 2024) was a Thai artist, singer, actor, film director, and producer. He was recognized by the National Cultural Commission as a National Artist Performing Arts in 1998 (International Thai Songs - Sing). His second marriage was with Petchara Chaowarat, a former actor in Thailand and a National Artist Performing Arts, nicknamed "Heroine Eyes Honey Drops".

Charin Nantanakorn  co-created the song "Psalm Maharaja", which won him the "Conch Ngern" honorary award for using art to create patriotism and support the monarchy.

Nantanakorn sang international Thai songs mixed with traditional Thai songs. He recorded about 1,500 songs.

Petchara Chaowarat
Petchara Chaowarat (Thai: เพชรา เชาวราษฎร์; born 19 January 1943 in Rayong Province, Thailand) is a Thai actress who starred in around 300 films from 1961 to 1979. An icon of the "Golden Age" of Thai cinema, she was known for her elaborate hairstyles. Petchara was named a National Artist of Thailand in 2018.
Lilla Hoparegränd
Lilla Hoparegränd is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  Passing between Skeppsbron and Österlånggatan it forms a parallel street to Ferkens Gränd, Gaffelgränd, Pelikansgränd and Johannesgränd.

The street appears in historical records as Wargzfrenden in 1550, Warge Grenden in 1646, Vargsgränden during the 16th-17th centuries and finally as Lilla Hopare gr. in 1771.  Why the alley was originally called Varggränd ("Wolf Alley") is not known, however, Varg is still a common proper name in Sweden and might refer to an individual associated with the alley. The present name refers to a Michel Hoper or Hopare.  Hoper is of Dutch or Frisian origin and means hooper (e.g. maker of barrels).

Skeppsbron
Skeppsbron (Swedish: "The Ship's Bridge") is both a street and a quay in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, capital of Sweden, stretching from the bridge Strömbron in front of the Royal Palace southward to Slussen.

The quay Skeppsbrokajen runs along the street.  Several alleys connects Skeppsbron to the thoroughfare Österlånggatan: Slottskajen, Lejonbacken, Slottsbacken, Telegrafgränd, Skeppar Karls Gränd, Bredgränd, Kråkgränd, Nygränd, Brunnsgränd, Skottgränd, Stora Hoparegränd, Drakens Gränd, Ferkens gränd, Gaffelgränd, Johannesgränd, Packhusgränd, Tullgränd, Norra Bankogränd, Södra Bankogränd, Norra Dryckesgränd, Södra Dryckesgränd, Slussplan
1903 Aberdare Urban District Council election
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  At this time, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis.

An election was held in April 1903. It was preceded by the 1902 election and followed by the 1904 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1900 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1906.

The election was notable for the breakthrough made by the Labour Party.

(*) denotes sitting member

1900 Aberdare Urban District Council election
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  At this time, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis.

An election was held in April 1900. It was preceded by the 1899 election and followed by the 1901 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1897 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1903.

(*) denotes sitting member
Commonwealth-Parkville School
Commonwealth–Parkville School (CPS), founded in 1952, and incorporated in Puerto Rico, is a private, college preparatory day school. It is a non-sectarian, not-for-profit, co-educational institution governed by a board of trustees. CPS provides an integrated PPK–12 curriculum in English with a strong program in Spanish. It is located on two campuses: Parkville Campus in Guaynabo, PR (grades PPK-6), and Commonwealth Campus in Hato Rey, San Juan, PR (grades 7–12).

Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
Guaynabo (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwajˈnaβo], locally [wajˈnaβo]) is a city and municipality on the  northeastern coastal plain of Puerto Rico. Located west of the capital San Juan, east of Bayamón, south of Cataño and San Juan Bay, and north of Aguas Buenas, Guaynabo is spread over 9 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Guaynabo Pueblo. With a land area of 27.13 square miles (70.3 km2) and a population of 89,780 as of the 2020 census, it is part of the San Juan metropolitan area. The studios of WAPA-TV, the most watched television station in Puerto Rico, are located in Guaynabo.
Frank Carlucci
Frank Charles Carlucci III (/ˌkɑːrˈluːtʃi/ kar-LOO-chee; October 18, 1930 – June 3, 2018) was an American politician who served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. He was the first Italian American to serve in that position.

Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor in the Reagan administration.

Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3037) and the second-highest official of the Central Intelligence Agency. The DD/CIA assists the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) and is authorized to exercise the powers of the D/CIA when the director's position is vacant or in the director's absence or disability.

Under current law, the deputy director is appointed by the president of the United States and is not required to be confirmed by the United States Senate.