hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downe House, Richmond Hill
Downe House is a Grade II listed house on Richmond Hill, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, which has been occupied by playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger and model Jerry Hall.

Richmond Hill, London
Richmond Hill in Richmond and Petersham, London, is a hill that begins gently in the north and north-east side of Richmond town and through its former fields, orchards and vineyard to a point just within Richmond Park, the deer park emparked and enclosed by Charles I.

Richmond Hill shares postcodes with Ham and Petersham TW10.
Dörverden
Dörverden (German pronunciation: [ˈdœʁfɛʁdn̩]; Low German: Dörbern, Dörb'n or Dörveern) is a municipality in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 8 km south of Verden, and 40 km southeast of Bremen.

Dörverden belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the principality before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the principality was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the principality in a real union and the princely territory, including Dörverden, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Verden, Aller
Verden an der Aller (German: [ˈfeːɐ̯dn̩ ʔan dɐ ˈʔalɐ] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Veern), also called Verden (Aller) or simply Verden, is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Aller. It is the district town of the district of Verden in Lower Saxony and an independent municipality (de:Selbständige Gemeinde). The town is located in the middle Weser region on the Aller river immediately before it flows into the Weser. As a center of horse breeding and equestrian sports, it bears the nickname "equestrian town". The suffix "Aller" was introduced at a time when the name "Verden" was also common for the French town of Verdun in the German-speaking area. The town name comes from "ford" or "ferry". The town was conveniently located at a ford through the Aller river, near an important trade route.

Verden is famous for a massacre of Saxons in 782, committed on the orders of Charlemagne (the Massacre of Verden), for its cathedral, and for its horse-breeding.
Spatial cloaking
Spatial cloaking is a privacy mechanism that is used to satisfy specific privacy requirements by blurring users' exact locations into cloaked regions. This technique is usually integrated into applications in various environments to minimize the disclosure of private information when users request location-based service. Since the database server does not receive the accurate location information, a set including the satisfying solution would be sent back to the user. General privacy requirements include K-anonymity, maximum area, and minimum area.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Acetic acid/hydrocortisone
Acetic acid/hydrocortisone is a commonly used combination drug to treat infections of the outer ear and ear canal. Branded as Vosol HC and Acetasol HC, it combines the antibacterial and antifungal action of acetic acid with the anti-inflammatory functions of hydrocortisone.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Arnaut
Arnaut (Ottoman Turkish: ارناود) is a Turkish ethnonym used to denote Albanians. Arvanid (اروانيد), Arnavud (آرناوود), plural: Arnavudlar (آرناوودلر): modern Turkish: Arnavut, plural: Arnavutlar; are ethnonyms used mainly by Ottoman and contemporary Turks for Albanians with Arnavutça being called the Albanian language. 'Albanian' (Arnavud) was one of the few ethnic markers normally used, besides the regular religious labels, for the identification of people in official record of the Ottoman state.

Arnavudluk (آرناوودلق) was the Ottoman Turkish geographical designation of the Albanian regions, including areas such as present-day Albania, Kosovo, western North Macedonia, southern Serbia, southern Montenegro and parts of northern Greece.

Bodyguard
A bodyguard (or close protection officer/operative) is a type of security guard, government law enforcement officer, or servicemember who protects an important person or group of people, such as high-ranking public officials, wealthy businesspeople, and celebrities, from harm. The personnel team that protects a VIP is often referred to as the VIP's security detail.

Most important public figures, such as heads of state, heads of government, and governors are protected by a team of bodyguards from a government agency, security forces, or police forces. Less-important public figures, or those with lower risk profiles, may be accompanied by a single bodyguard who doubles as a driver.
Bodyguards have existed since ancient civilizations, with notable examples including the Roman Praetorian Guard, Persian Immortals, and the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire. These roles have evolved into modern executive protection professionals, equipped with advanced technologies and training.
SimThyr
SimThyr is a free continuous dynamic simulation program for the pituitary-thyroid feedback control system. The open-source program is based on a nonlinear model of thyroid homeostasis. In addition to simulations in the time domain the software supports various methods of sensitivity analysis. Its simulation engine is multi-threaded and supports multiple processor cores. SimThyr provides a GUI, which allows for visualising time series, modifying constant structure parameters of the feedback loop (e.g. for simulation of certain diseases), storing parameter sets as XML files (referred to as "scenarios" in the software) and exporting results of simulations in various formats that are suitable for statistical software. SimThyr is intended for both educational purposes and in-silico research.

Dynamical system simulation
Dynamical system simulation or dynamic system simulation is the use of a computer program to model the time-varying behavior of a dynamical system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. A simulation run solves the state-equation system to find the behavior of the state variables over a specified period of time. The equation is solved through numerical integration methods to produce the transient behavior of the state variables. Simulation of dynamic systems predicts the values of model-system state variables, as they are determined by the past state values. This relationship is found by creating a model of the system.
Museum of Independence
The Museum of Independence (Polish: Muzeum Niepodległości) is a museum in Warsaw, Poland. It was established on 30 January 1990 as the Museum of the History of Polish Independence and Social Movements and is located in the former Przebendowski Palace at al. 'Solidarity' 62, but it also has these branches:

X Pavilion Museum at the Warsaw Citadel

Museum of Pawiak Prison

Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom

The headquarters of the museum was established by the Ministry of Culture and Art in the Przebendowski Palace, which had previously housed the Museum of Vladimir Lenin (1955–1989).

The museum covers the history of Polish battles and aspirations for independence from the Kościuszko Uprising to the modern day.

In 1991, the facility received its current name. In 1992, the Museum of Independence received the status of a National Cultural Institution. From 1990 to 2009 the director was Andrzej Stawarz. Currently the director of the facility is T. Skoczek.

Warsaw Citadel
Warsaw Citadel (Polish: Cytadela Warszawska) is a 19th-century fortress in Warsaw, Poland. It was built by order of Tsar Nicholas I after the suppression of the 1830 November Uprising in order to bolster imperial Russian control of the city. It served as a prison into the late 1930s, especially the dreaded Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel  (X Pawilon Cytadeli Warszawskiej); the latter has been a museum since 1963.
CMA CGM Thalassa
CMA CGM Thalassa is a container ship owned by Global Ship Lease and on long-term charter to the shipping line CMA CGM. The ship was delivered to the ship operator on 30 December 2008. The vessel was built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in South Korea.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Tikych
The Tikych (Ukrainian: Тікич) is a short river in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, only 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long. It is formed by the confluence of the Hnyly Tikych and Hirsky Tikych rivers. The Tikych flows to its confluence with the Velyka Vys at Skaleva (Holovanivsk Raion), forming the Syniukha. The Syniukha then flows 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the Southern Bug.

Velyka Vys
The Velyka Vys (Ukrainian: Велика Вись) is a river in Ukraine, a left tributary of the Syniukha, in the basin of the Southern Bug. It is 166 kilometres (103 mi) long and its basin area is 2,860 square kilometres (1,104 sq mi). The Velyka Vys river finds its source near the village of Onykiieve in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast. It flows through Novomyrhorod.
Andrew Refshauge
Andrew John Refshauge (born 16 January 1949) is a former Australian politician who was Deputy Premier of New South Wales from 1995 to 2005, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly between 1983 and 2005, and a senior minister in the Carr ministry.

Deputy Premier of New South Wales
The deputy premier of New South Wales is the second-most senior officer in the Government of New South Wales. The deputy premiership has been a ministerial portfolio since 1932, and the deputy premier is appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier. The current deputy premier is Prue Car, since 28 March 2023, who is also the Minister for Education and Early Learning.

Ultimately, the deputy premier is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
International Right of Way Association
The International Right of Way Association (IRWA) is a non-profit organization for Right of Way education and certification programs, as well as professional services, worldwide. The IRWA headquarters are located in Gardena, California, in the South Bay Area of Los Angeles.

The organization consists of multiple chapters, with those in the United States and Canada grouped into 10 regions. The primary activities administered by the IRWA are for education and networking, including credentialing and conferences.

Gardena, California
Gardena is a city located in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 61,027 at the 2020 census, up from 58,829 at the 2010 census. Until 2014, the U.S. census cited the City of Gardena as the place with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans in California. Gardena's Japanese American population contributes to the South Bay region of Los Angeles being home to the highest density of Japanese companies within the mainland United States.
Hamlin School District 28-3
Hamlin School District 28-3 is a school district based in Hamlin County, South Dakota.

In Hamlin County, the district includes Bryant, Hayti, Hazel, Lake Norden, and portions of Lake Poinsett. The district also includes portions of Clark, Codington, and Kingsbury counties.

Clark County, South Dakota
Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,837. Its county seat is Clark. The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1881. It was named for Newton Clark, a Dakota Territory legislator in 1873.
Jon Akass
John Ewart Akass (16 July 1933 – 4 June 1990), known as Jon Akass, was a British Fleet Street journalist. He entered Fleet Street as a journalist on the Daily Herald (which later became The Sun). The last years of his career were spent at the Daily Express following a brief period at Sir James Goldsmith's NOW! in 1981. Akass was named British columnist of the year in 1976.

Michael Parkinson
Sir Michael Parkinson (28 March 1935 – 16 August 2023) was an English television presenter, broadcaster, journalist and author. He presented his television talk show Parkinson from 1971 to 1982 and from 1998 to 2007, as well as other talk shows and programmes both in the UK and abroad. He also worked in radio and was described by The Guardian as "the great British talkshow host".
Roti (restaurant chain)
Roti (stylized as rōti) and formerly known as Roti Restaurants, Inc., Rōti Modern Mediterranean and Rōti Mediterranean Grill, is an American fast casual restaurant serving Mediterranean cuisine. The firm was founded in 2007, and at its peak prior to the COVID-19 pandemic it had 42 locations in Chicago, Minneapolis, Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Washington, D.C. It filed for bankruptcy in 2024 and was acquired by Edible Arrangements in 2025. Under Edible, it continued with 17 corporate-owned locations in Chicago, Minneapolis and Washington, D.C., and announced partnership plans, including a deal with Mercedes-Benz Stadium.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
Inverse vulcanization
Inverse vulcanization is a process that produces polysulfide polymers, which also contain some organic linkers.  In contrast, sulfur vulcanization produces material that is predominantly organic but has a small percentage of polysulfide crosslinks.

Comonomer
In polymer chemistry, a comonomer refers to a polymerizable precursor to a copolymer aside from the principal monomer. In some cases, only small amounts of a comonomer are employed, in other cases substantial amounts of comonomers are used. Furthermore, in some cases, the comonomers are statistically incorporated within the polymer chain, whereas in other cases, they aggregate. The distribution of comonomers is referred to as the "blockiness" of a copolymer.
Žgaljići
Žgaljići (Chakavian: Žgaljić) is a village located on the western end of the Croatian island of Krk, in an area known as Šotovento. Administratively, it is part of the town of Krk. As of 2021, it had 70 inhabitants.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Hippocampus (mythology)
The hippocampus, or hippocamp, (plural: hippocampi or hippocamps; Ancient Greek: ἱππόκαμπος hippókampos, from ἵππος, 'horse', and κάμπος, 'sea monster') is a mythological creature mentioned in Etruscan, Greek, Phoenician, Pictish and Roman mythologies (though its name has a clear Greek origin), typically depicted as having the upper body of a horse with the lower body of a fish.

Seahorse
A seahorse (also written sea-horse and sea horse) is any of 46 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus. The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek hippókampos (ἱππόκαμπος), itself from híppos (ἵππος) meaning "horse" and kámpos (κάμπος) meaning "sea monster" or "sea animal". Having a head and neck suggestive of a horse, seahorses also feature segmented bony armour, an upright posture and a curled prehensile tail. Along with the pipefishes and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx) they form the family Syngnathidae.
Williamsdale, New South Wales
Williamsdale is a locality situated immediately on the south-east side of the New South Wales border abutting the locality of Williamsdale in south-eastern Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The Monaro Highway and the former Bombala railway pass through the village. A railway station saw service from 1891 until 1975. The postcode is 2620.

The part of Williamsdale in NSW is itself split up by two Local Government Areas, in the north to Queanbeyan–Palerang and in the south to Snowy Monaro.

Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council
Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council is a local government area (LGA) located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the City of Queanbeyan and Palerang Council.

The council has an area of 5,319 square kilometres (2,054 sq mi) and lies between the eastern boundary of the Australian Capital Territory and the coastal escarpment on both sides of the Great Dividing Range. At the 2021 census it had a population of 63,304. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 56,368.
Kanjiroba
Kanjiroba (Nepali: कान्जिरोबा) is a mountain in the Himalayas of Dolpa District in Nepal. With a summit elevation of 6,883 m (22,582 ft) above sea level, it is the highest peak of the Kanjiroba Himal, a subrange of the Himalayas.

Kanjiroba Himal
The Kanjirowa Himal is an isolated part of the Himalaya range within Nepal, adjacent to the Tibetan border.

The region remained unmapped until the 1950s, when British explorer John Baird Tyson made the first of a series of expeditions to the area.

The highest peak is Kanjirowa with a summit elevation of 6,883 meters above sea level.
Eisen Flügel
Eisen Flügel (アイゼンフリューゲル, Aizenfuryūgeru) is a Japanese light novel series written by Gen Urobuchi and illustrated by Higashiguchi Chūō. The series was published in two volumes under Shogakukan's Gagaga Bunko light novel imprint from July to December 2009. The series was also adapted into a manga series illustrated by Anno Nanakamado, which was serialized from May 2016 to September 2018. An anime film adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures has been announced.

Gagaga Bunko
Gagaga Bunko (ガガガ文庫) is a light novel publishing imprint affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Shogakukan. It was established in May 2007. The imprint is aimed at a male audience, while its sister imprint that was established at the same time, Lululu Bunko, is aimed at a female audience. In May 2008, Shogakukan introduced a separate imprint titled Gagaga Bunko R or Gagaga Bunko Revival, which republishes works from the defunct label Super Quest Bunko.
Wagner's theorem
In graph theory, Wagner's theorem is a mathematical forbidden graph characterization of planar graphs, named after Klaus Wagner, stating that a finite graph is planar if and only if its minors include neither K5  (the complete graph on five vertices) nor K3,3 (the utility graph, a complete bipartite graph on six vertices). This was one of the earliest results in the theory of graph minors and can be seen as a forerunner of the Robertson–Seymour theorem.

Forbidden graph characterization
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, many important families of graphs can be described by a finite set of individual graphs that do not belong to the family and further exclude all graphs from the family which contain any of these forbidden graphs as (induced) subgraph or minor.

A prototypical example of this phenomenon is Kuratowski's theorem, which states that a graph is planar (can be drawn without crossings in the plane) if and only if it does not contain either of two forbidden graphs, the complete graph K5 and the complete bipartite graph K3,3. For Kuratowski's theorem, the notion of containment is that of graph homeomorphism, in which a subdivision of one graph appears as a subgraph of the other. Thus, every graph either has a planar drawing (in which case it belongs to the family of planar graphs) or it has a subdivision of at least one of these two graphs as a subgraph (in which case it does not belong to the planar graphs).
Botany Swarm
The Botany Swarm is a semi-professional ice hockey team based in East Auckland, New Zealand. The team is a member of the New Zealand Ice Hockey League (NZIHL). The team was founded in 2005 as the South Auckland Swarm. Their name was changed prior to the 2007 season due to it being similar to one of the other teams and to better reflect the area in Auckland where their home rink is located (in the suburb of Botany Downs). They play their home games out of the Paradice Ice Skating Botany Rink known as The Hive.

Dunedin Thunder
The Dunedin Thunder, currently the Phoenix Thunder for sponsorship reasons, is a men's ice hockey team based in Dunedin, New Zealand, and are members of the New Zealand Ice Hockey League. The club plays their home games at the Dunedin Ice Stadium. The Thunder were founded in 2008 and joined the league as an expansion team. The clubs won their first regular season title in 2013 and have finished as runner-up in the playoffs in 2013 and 2014, losing on both occasions to the Canterbury Red Devils.
Chittem Narsi Reddy
Chittem Narsi Reddy (also spelled Chitlem or Chittam; died 15 August 2005) was an Indian political leader. He was member of Indian National Congress. He was only member of Janata Dal in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was elected from Makthal constituency in 1984 on Janata Party ticket and in 1989 on Janata Dal ticket.

Janata Dal
Janata Dal (lit. 'People's Party') was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Lok Dal, Jagjivan's Congress, and Jan Morcha on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.