hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coursera
Coursera Inc. (/kərˈsɛrə/) is an American for-profit online university, earlier operating as a global massive open online course provider from 2012 until 2021. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects.

On February 2, 2021, Coursera announced its B Corporation certification from B Lab and its transformation into a Public Benefit Corporation.

As of 2023, more than 300 universities and companies were offering courses through Coursera, and by 2024, the number of courses available had risen to approximately 7,000.

In December 2024, Gerg Hart, who served 23 years as Technical Advisor to Jeff Bezos at Amazon  was hired as Coursera's new CEO and ended the opportunity to audit courses for free, putting all of the previously free university courses under a paywall starting at USD49 per month.

Professional certification
Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.
2024 Přerov Cup
The 2024 Přerov Cup (also known as the Z-Group Cup by OKsystem for sponsorship purposes) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the twentieth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Přerov, Czech Republic, between 19 and 25 August 2024.

Přerov Cup
The Přerov Cup is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournament and has been held in Přerov, Czech Republic, since 2005. In 2021, it was upgraded to a $60,000 event.
Andrew Joseph Thynne
Andrew Joseph Thynne (30 October 1847 – 27 February 1927) was a lawyer and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council and Attorney-General of Queensland.

Attorney-General of Queensland
The attorney-general of Queensland is a ministerial position of the Government of Queensland with responsibility for the state's legal and justice system.

Upon the election of the Crisafulli  Government, Deb Frecklington was appointed the attorney-general of Queensland as of 1 November 2024.
2014 Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council election
The first election to Causeway Coast and Glens District Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 22 May 2014, returned 40 members to the newly formed council via Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party won a plurality of first-preference votes and seats.

2014 Northern Ireland local elections
Local elections were held in Northern Ireland on Thursday 22 May 2014, contesting 462 seats in all, as part of the wider local elections across the United Kingdom. The election took place on the same day as the European Parliament election. 1,243,649 people aged 18 and over were eligible to vote, and 51.3% of the electorate turned out.
Piccadilly Slant-Abraham's Cove
Piccadilly Slant-Abraham's Cove is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located on the island of Newfoundland, along St. George's Bay, on the Port au Port Peninsula. The DPL consists of the fishing villages of Abraham's Cove and Piccadilly.

Lobster
Lobsters are malacostracan decapod crustaceans of the family Nephropidae or its synonym Homaridae. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important and are often one of the most profitable commodities in the coastal areas they populate.

Commercially important species include two species of Homarus from the northern Atlantic Ocean and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster")—the Northern Hemisphere genus Nephrops and the Southern Hemisphere genus Metanephrops.
Plumbane
Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH4. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrachloride, PbCl4, and tetraethyllead, (CH3CH2)4Pb.

Stannane
Stannane /ˈstæneɪn/ or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SnH4. It is a colourless gas that ignites on contact with air. SnH4 is a heavy analogue of methane but much less robust.  In contrast to this rarely used species, stannane also refers to a large collection of organotin compounds.
Olstappen
Olstappen is a lake in Nord-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The southeastern shore of the lake forms the municipal border with Sør-Fron Municipality. The 3.15-square-kilometre (1.22 sq mi) lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the village of Skåbu.

The Vinstra river, coming from the southwest, flows into the west side of Olstappen and flows out of Olstappen's northeast corner, and from there it heads east into the Gudbrandsdalslågen river at the town of Vinstra. The Espa River flows into Olstappen from the south, making it a tributary of the Vinstra.

Skåbu
Skåbu is a village in Nord-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Vinstra, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of the town of Vinstra. Skåbu has about 600 inhabitants. Skåbu Church is located in the village. Skåbu is situated at an elevation of 870 metres (2,850 ft) above sea level which makes it the highest permanently inhabited village in Norway.
Joko Widodo 2014 presidential campaign
Joko Widodo's presidential campaign in 2014 was announced on 14 March 2014, when his political party PDI-P declared him as the party's candidate for the upcoming election in 2014. He was then the Governor of Jakarta, and previously the Mayor of Surakarta. With former vice president Jusuf Kalla as his running mate, he was elected as President of Indonesia following election on 9 July and official KPU announcement on 22 July.

Being supported by four political parties, Widodo officially launched his campaign in May, followed by two months of social media and in-person outreach. After a series of debates and challenges, the vote on July 9 resulted in his victory, with him securing over 53% of the ballots. Following a failed lawsuit from his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, and Hatta Rajasa, he was officially inaugurated on October 20, 2014, becoming the seventh President of Indonesia.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
Ogrodzona, Silesian Voivodeship
Ogrodzona [ɔɡrɔˈd͡zɔna] is a village in Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

The name is of cultural origins and literally means [a] fenced/penned [place, village] (feminine adjective from Polish ogrodzenie).

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is an association for human resource management professionals. Its headquarters are in Wimbledon, London, England. The organisation was founded in 1913—it is the world's oldest association in its field and has over 160,000 members internationally working across private, public and voluntary sectors. Peter Cheese was announced in June 2012 as CIPD's new CEO from July 2012.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Aynata
Aynata (Arabic: عيناتا) is a municipality in Lebanon. It is located in the southern part of the country. It is a stronghold for Hezbollah and during the war with Israel in 2006, about 60% of the homes in the town were destroyed.

William McClure Thomson
William McClure Thomson (31 December 1806 – 8 April 1894) was an American Protestant missionary who worked in Ottoman Syria. After spending 25 years in Syria, he published a bestselling book – The Land and the Book – that described his experiences and observations during his travels. He used his knowledge of the region to illustrate and explain passages from the Bible, giving readers a new perspective on the scriptures.
3F-PHP
3-Fluoro-alpha-PHP  (3F-PHP) is a substituted cathinone derivative with stimulant effects which has been sold as a designer drug. It was first identified in Sweden in 2020 and continues to be detected in seized drug samples, though it appears to have been less widely used than related compounds such as 3F-PVP and 3F-PiHP.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Kosmos 2445
Cosmos-2445 was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on a Soyuz-U rocket on November 14, 2008. It is an optical reconnaissance Spacecraft of the Yantar-4K2M class. It re-entered on February 23, 2009, after 102 days in space It broke into two fragments that burned up later on in the re-entry sequence.

Yantar-4K2M
Yantar-4K2M (Russian: Янтарь meaning amber), also known as Kobalt-M, was a type of Russian reconnaissance satellite and the last operational member of the Yantar series of satellites. In common with most Yantar satellites, the Kobalt-M used film rather than digital cameras. This film could not be sent to Earth as easily as digital data.

The Kobalt-M was an improved version of the Kobalt satellite and the first one was launched as Kosmos 2410 in 2004. It returned three sets of film during its mission. The first two landed in film return canisters (called SpK - Spuskayemaya Kapsula) and a final set of film returned in the satellite's special equipment module. Image resolution is reportedly 30 cm.

Ten satellites of this series were launched, the last one in 2015. No further orders were planned. Further reconnaissance missions were taken over by the Persona-class satellites.
Omohyoid muscle
The omohyoid muscle is a muscle in the neck. It is one of the infrahyoid muscles. It consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. Its inferior belly is attached to the scapula; its superior belly is attached to the hyoid bone. Its intermediate tendon is anchored to the clavicle and first rib by a fascial sling. The omohyoid is innervated by the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.

Sternohyoid muscle
The sternohyoid muscle is a bilaterally paired, long, thin, narrow strap muscle of the anterior neck. It is one of the infrahyoid muscles. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.

The sternohyoid muscle is a flat muscle located on both sides of the neck, part of the infrahyoid muscle group. It originates from the medial edge of the clavicle, sternoclavicular ligament, and posterior side of the manubrium, and ascends to attach to the body of the hyoid bone. The sternohyoid muscle, along with other infrahyoid muscles, functions to depress the hyoid bone, which is important for activities such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Additionally, this muscle group contributes to the protection of the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, and thyroid gland. The sternohyoid muscle also plays a minor role in head movements.
Staale Sinding-Larsen
Staale Sinding-Larsen (born 12 April 1929) is a Norwegian art historian.

He was born in Oslo. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1975 with the doctoral thesis Christ in the Council Hall. Studies in the Religious Iconography of the Venetian Republic. After one year as guest scholar at New York University, he became professor of architectural history at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1969, also serving as director of the Norwegian Institute in Rome from 1983 to 1986. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Tryonia
Tryonia is a genus of freshwater snails in the family Hydrobiidae. This genus is sometimes placed in the family Cochliopidae.

Snails of this genus are very small with narrow shells. Females brood young within the genital tract. Species usually live in springs. The genus is differentiated from others by the structure of the male and female reproductive systems.

Most of these snails occur in western North America, especially the Chihuahuan Desert. There are also species known in Florida and Guatemala.

Cochliopidae
Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.

Paludestrina d'Orbigny, 1840 is an archaic  synonym, and has been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names by ICZN Opinion 2202.

This family is in the superfamily Truncatelloidea and in the order Littorinimorpha (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Mountain Springs Summit
Mountain Springs Summit [el. 5,502 ft (1,677 m)] is a mountain pass in the Spring Mountains of Southern Nevada in the United States.

The pass is on the summit of a ridge in the Spring Mountains between the Mount Charleston area and the rest of the Mojave Desert and is located on the border of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest and Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area. The pass connects the Pahrump Valley with the Las Vegas Valley, and it is traversed by State Route 160.

Pahrump Valley
Pahrump Valley is a Mojave Desert valley west of Las Vegas and the Spring Mountains massif in southern Nye County, Nevada, and eastern San Bernardino County, California. Pahrump, Nevada, is in the valley's center and the Tecopa and Chicago Valleys are immediately to the west. Archived 2010-06-27 at the Wayback Machine The valley has routes to Death Valley and a route to Las Vegas.
Pahrump Valley Days  is the annual event in February each year, along with the sanctioned JRH-HS Rodeo.
Brushed DC electric motor
A brushed DC electric motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source and utilizing an electric brush for contact.

Brushed motors were the first commercially important application of electric power to driving mechanical energy, and DC distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial buildings. Brushed DC motors can be varied in speed by changing the operating voltage or the strength of the magnetic field. Depending on the connections of the field to the power supply, the speed and torque characteristics of a brushed motor can be altered to provide steady speed or speed inversely proportional to the mechanical load. Brushed motors continue to be used for electrical propulsion, cranes, paper machines and steel rolling mills. Since the brushes wear down and require replacement, brushless DC motors using power electronic devices have displaced brushed motors from many applications.

Counter-electromotive force
In electromechanics, the counter-electromotive force (also called counter EMF, CEMF or back EMF), is the opposing electromotive force (EMF) caused by a changing current. The changing current leads to a changing magnetic field, and hence induces a EMF in the circuit by Faraday's law of induction.
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra comprises three Senators representing Anambra Central, Anambra South, and Anambra North, and eleven Representatives representing   Anambra East/West, Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia, Aguta, Nnewi North/South/Ekwusigo, Onitsha North/South, Awka North/South, Orumba North/South, Ihiala, Oyi/Ayamelum, Idemili North/South, and Ogbaru.

Anambra South senatorial district
Anambra South senatorial district in Anambra State, Nigeria is one of three senatorial districts in the State. It has seven local government areas: Aguata(300PU), Ekwusigo(175PU), Ihiala(278PU), Nnewi North(198PU), Nnewi south(295PU), Orumba North(231PU), Orumba South(192PU) totaling 1,669 polling units.

The district covers 1,320 of the 4,887 km2 area of Anambra state. The  district is set currently represented by Chief Emma Nwachukwu who won the  August 2025 bye election, replacing Ifeanyi Ubah in the Nigerian Senate.
Siege of the International Legations
The Siege of the International Legations was a pivotal event during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, in which foreign diplomatic compounds in Peking (now Beijing) were besieged by Chinese Boxers and Qing Dynasty troops. The Boxers, fueled by anti-foreign and anti-Christian sentiments, targeted foreigners and Chinese Christians, causing approximately 900 soldiers, sailors, marines, and civilians from various nations, along with about 2,800 Chinese Christians, to seek refuge in the Legation Quarter. The Qing government, initially ambivalent, ultimately supported the Boxers following international military actions. The siege lasted 55 days, marked by intense combat and a brief truce, until an international relief force arrived from the coast, defeated the Qing forces, and lifted the siege. The failure of the siege and the subsequent occupation of Peking by foreign powers effectively ended the Boxer movement and increased foreign influence and intervention in China.

Zaiyi
Zaiyi (Chinese: 載漪; pinyin: Zǎiyī; Manchu: ᡯᠠᡳᡳ; dzai-i; 26 August 1856 – 10 January 1923), better known by his title Prince Duan (or Prince Tuan, 端郡王), was a Manchu prince and statesman of the late Qing dynasty. He is best known as one of the leaders of the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1266
United Nations Security Council resolution 1266, adopted unanimously on 4 October 1999, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 986 (1995), 1111 (1997), 1129 (1997), 1143 (1997), 1153 (1998), 1175 (1998), 1210 (1998) and 1242 (1999) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme, the Council increased the limit on the amount of oil Iraq could export to 3.04 billion United States dollars for the current 180-day period which began on 25 May 1999.

The Security Council was determined to improve the humanitarian situation in Iraq and, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, increased the limit of oil that Iraq could export beyond the prior authorised limit, which had previously been US$5.26 billion within a 180-day period.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 986
United Nations Security Council resolution 986, adopted unanimously on 14 April 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on Iraq and noting the serious humanitarian situation with the Iraqi civilian population, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, established a mechanism whereby Iraqi oil exports would finance humanitarian aid to the country, which later became known as the Oil-for-Food Programme.

The security council was convinced of the need as a temporary measure to provide humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people until the country complied with all relevant Security Council resolutions, including Resolution 687 (1991) which allowed for further measures to be taken concerning sanctions imposed in Resolution 661 (1991).
7th Malaysia International Film Festival
The 7th Malaysia International Film Festival (MIFFest) takes place from July 21–28, 2024, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

On June 24, 2024, MIFFest President and Founder Joanne Goh announced that the festival will honor two individuals, Indonesian actress Christine Hakim and Japanese filmmaker Hirokazu Kore-eda.

Malaysia International Film Festival
The Malaysia International Film Festival (MIFFest) is a public exhibition showcasing international and local films in Malaysia. Accompanying this event is the Malaysia Golden Global Awards (MGGA) where the organisation Jazzy Group recognises filmmakers for their significant performances throughout the entire year. Both events were established in 2016. The mission of the MGGA is to let the enthusiasm and passionate filmmakers all around world to promote their films together and to let them to embrace freedom of film making while achieve their dreams.
Zabava, Zagorje ob Savi
Zabava (pronounced [zaˈbaːʋa]; German: Sabawa) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It lies just off the main road leading west from Izlake, south of Mlinše. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Izlake
Izlake (pronounced [iˈzlaːkɛ]; German: Islak) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in the Central Sava Valley, central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.