hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lydian language
Lydian is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language spoken in the region of Lydia, in western Anatolia (now in Turkey). The language is attested in graffiti and in coin legends from the late 8th century or the early 7th century to the 3rd century BCE, but well-preserved inscriptions of significant length are so far limited to the 5th century and the 4th century BCE, during the period of Persian domination. Thus, Lydian texts are effectively contemporaneous with those in Lycian.

Strabo mentions that around his time (1st century BCE), the Lydian language was no longer spoken in Lydia proper but was still being spoken among the multicultural population of Kibyra (now Gölhisar) in southwestern Anatolia, by the descendants of the Lydian colonists, who had founded the city.

Lycian language
The Lycian language (𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 Trm̃mili) was the language of the ancient Lycians who occupied the Anatolian region known during the Iron Age as Lycia. Most texts date back to the fifth and fourth century BC. Two languages are known as Lycian: regular Lycian or Lycian A, and Lycian B or Milyan.
Lycian became extinct around the beginning of the first century BC, replaced by the Ancient Greek language during the Hellenization of Anatolia. Lycian had its own alphabet, which was closely related to the Greek alphabet but included at least one character borrowed from Carian as well as characters proper to the language. The words were often separated by two points.
Māori phonology
Māori phonology is the system of sounds used in the spoken Māori language. The phonology is typical for a Polynesian language, with its phonetic inventory being one of the smallest in the world, with considerable variation in realisation. Māori retains the Proto-Polynesian syllable structure: (C)V(V(V)), with no closed syllables. The stress pattern differs from other Polynesian languages.

Mora (linguistics)
A mora (pl. morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a smallest unit of timing, equal to or shorter than a syllable, that theoretically or perceptually exists in some spoken languages in which phonetic length (such as vowel length) matters significantly. For example, in the Japanese language, the name of the city Ōsaka (おおさか) consists of three syllables (O-sa-ka) but four morae (O-o-sa-ka), since the first syllable, Ō, is pronounced with a long vowel (the others being short). Thus, a short vowel contains one mora and is called monomoraic, while a long vowel contains two and is called bimoraic. Extra-long syllables with three morae (trimoraic) are relatively rare. Such metrics based on syllables are also referred to as syllable weight. In Japanese, certain consonants also stand on their own as individual morae and thus are monomoraic.

The term comes from the Latin word for 'linger, delay', which was also used to translate the Greek word χρόνος : chrónos ('time') in its metrical sense.
Shrimp DeJonghe
Shrimp DeJonghe, or Shrimp de Jonghe, a specialty of Chicago, is a casserole of whole peeled shrimp blanketed in soft, garlicky, sherry-laced bread crumbs. It can be served as an appetizer or a main course.

It has the oldest pedigree of Chicagoan cuisine, having originated in the late 19th or early 20th century at DeJonghe's Hotel and Restaurant, 12 E. Monroe St. (1899–1923). The recipe has been attributed to the owners, brothers Henri, Pierre and Charles DeJonghe, Belgian immigrants who came to Chicago to run a restaurant at the World's Columbian Exposition, or their chef, Emil Zehr. The dish was the most popular at Fritzel's Restaurant, which was open from 1947 to 1972.

Casserole
A casserole (French: diminutive of casse, from Provençal cassa, meaning 'saucepan') is a kind of large, deep pan or bowl used for cooking a variety of dishes in the oven; it is also a category of foods cooked in such a vessel. To distinguish the two uses, the pan can be called a "casserole dish" or "casserole pan", whereas the food is simply "a casserole". The same pan is often used both for cooking and for serving.
12th federal electoral district of Nuevo León
The 12th federal electoral district of Nuevo León (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 de Nuevo León) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 14 such districts in the state of Nuevo León.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The 12th district was created by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) its 2005 redistricting process and was first contested in the 2006 general election.
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Héctor Alfonso de la Garza Villarreal of the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
ACCULAR
ACCULAR is a family of artillery rockets developed and manufactured by Israel Military Industries (IMI) and used by Israel Defense Forces and international customers. It features 2 different calibers with a maximum range of 40 km with a 20–35 kg unitary penetration or controlled fragmentation warhead and accuracy of 10m CEP.

The ACCULAR missiles can be launched by IMI's LYNX (MRL) launcher, as well as from a variety of other available launchers.

Rocket artillery
Rocket artillery is artillery that uses rockets as the projectile. The use of rocket artillery dates back to medieval China where devices such as fire arrows were used (albeit mostly as a psychological weapon). Fire arrows were also used in multiple launch systems and transported via carts. In the late nineteenth century, due to improvements in the power and range of conventional artillery, the use of early military rockets declined; they were finally used on a small scale by both sides during the American Civil War. Modern rocket artillery was first employed during World War II, in the form of the German Nebelwerfer family of rocket ordnance designs, Soviet Katyusha-series and numerous other systems employed on a smaller scale by the Western allies and Japan. In modern use, the rockets are often guided by an internal guiding system or GPS in order to maintain accuracy.
Snickers Gap
Snickers Gap, originally William's Gap, is a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountain on the border of Loudoun County and Clarke County in Virginia.  The gap is traversed by Virginia State Route 7.  The Appalachian Trail also passes across the gap.  Bear's Den and Raven Rocks are adjacent to the gap.

During the autumn bird migration the gap is a favored spot for birdwatchers to count and study the many raptors that follow the ridge on their way south.

Raven Rocks (rock formation)
Raven Rocks is a spur of Blue Ridge Mountain in Jefferson County, West Virginia.  The peak is located just north of Jefferson County's border with Clarke County, Virginia and west of its border with Loudoun County, Virginia.

Raven Rocks is formed by the drainage gorges of Rocky Branch Creek to the north and Raven Rocks Creek to the south (both direct tributaries of the Shenandoah River) on the mountains western watershed. Raven Rocks is the northernmost spur in a series spurs and hollows that occur along the western slope of Blue Ridge Mountain south to Ashby Gap.  The formation is often referred to as the rollercoaster  by Appalachian Trail hikers as the trail undulates between these spurs and hollows along the western face of the mountain along this stretch of the ridge.

The peak is notable for the Crescent Rock cliffs.  The Appalachian Trail crosses the saddle of the ridge.
2001 Special Operations Unit mutiny (Serbia)
On 9 November 2001, soldiers of the Special Operations Unit (JSO), an elite special forces police unit of the FR Yugoslavia State Security Directorate (RDB), also known as the Red Berets, raised a mutiny in response to the arrest and extradition of the Banović brothers, indicted for war crimes before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the group's opposition to the Government of Serbia headed by Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić. The mutiny ended on 17 November 2001 after certain concessions had been given to the Unit and the key figures in the State Security Directorate were dismissed.

The mutiny was the forerunner of major political upheavals in Serbia, one of which was the assassination of Zoran Đinđić in 2003.

President of Serbia and Montenegro
The president of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Предс(ј)едник Србије и Црне Горе, romanized: Preds(j)ednik Srbije i Crne Gore) was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro. From its establishment in 1992 until 2003, when the country was reconstituted as a confederacy (state union) via constitutional reform, the head of state was known as the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Предс(ј)едник Савезне Републике Југославије, romanized: Preds(j)ednik Savezne Republike Jugoslavije). With the constitutional reforms of 2003 and the merging of the offices of head of government and head of state, the full title of the president was President of Serbia and Montenegro and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Предс(ј)едник Србије и Црне Горе / Предс(ј)едник Сав(ј)ета министара Србије и Црне Горе). In 2006 the office was abolished as the state union was dissolved, with Serbia and Montenegro becoming independent countries.
Angelo Sodano
Angelo Raffaele Sodano (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and previously as the Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 to 2006; Sodano was the first person since 1828 to serve simultaneously as Dean and Secretary of State.

On 22 June 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State, effective 15 September 2006. He had served in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See since 1959, including a decade as nuncio to Chile from 1978.

On 21 December 2019, it was reported that Sodano shielded sexually abusive clergy in the Legion of Christ. On the same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals.

Section for Relations with States
The Section for Relations with States or Second Section of the Secretariat of State is the body within the Roman Curia charged with dealing with matters that involve relations with civil governments. It has been part of the Vatican Secretariat of State since 1909.

It is analogous to the foreign ministry of a state.
Spindletop-Gladys City Boomtown Museum
The Spindletop-Gladys City Boomtown Museum is located in Beaumont, Texas, to commemorate the discovery of oil at the Spindletop Hill salt dome in Beaumont on Jan. 10, 1901.  The discovery sparked an oil boom in Texas that continues today.  Along with a gift shop with commemorative gifts, the museum features historical, period reenactments by area performers.  A replica of the wooden oil derricks that once dotted the landscape of Spindletop Hill in the early 1900s has been erected near the museum.  For special occasions and anniversaries, the museum staff “blows the gusher” with a plume of water and provides a historical narrative and sound effects to simulate the discovery of oil at Spindletop.

The museum is on the campus of Lamar University, which owns and operates the museum.

Lamar University
Lamar University (Lamar or LU) is a public university in Beaumont, Texas, United States. Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995. It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System. As of the fall of 2024, the university enrollment was 17,850 students. Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and named for Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas.

The university campus has an urban setting and the core campus of LU is 299-plus acres. LU is organized into five undergraduate colleges, one graduate college and an honors college.
Ribeira de Julião
Ribeira de Julião is a seasonal stream in the central part of the island of São Vicente in Cape Verde. Its source is in the hills southeast of the island capital Mindelo, and it empties into the Porto Grande Bay, a bay of the Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Mindelo. The village Ribeira Julião and the Mindelo neighbourhood Ribeira de Julião take their name from this stream.

Porto Grande Bay
Porto Grande Bay (Portuguese: Baía do Porto Grande), also Mindelo Bay, is a bay on the north coast of the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. The main city of São Vicente, Mindelo, is situated at the bay. The Porto Grande Bay is a natural harbour. It stretches between the headlands Ponta João Ribeiro in the northeast and Ponta do Morro Branco in the west. To the northwest it opens towards the Canal de São Vicente, the channel between the islands São Vicente and Santo Antão. The small rocky islet Ilhéu dos Pássaros lies north of the bay.
Medical thermometer
A medical thermometer or clinical thermometer is a device used for measuring the body temperature of a human or other animal. The tip of the thermometer is inserted into the mouth under the tongue (oral or sub-lingual temperature), under the armpit (axillary temperature), into the rectum via the anus (rectal temperature), into the ear (tympanic temperature), or on the forehead (temporal temperature).

Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. The ear thereby converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma.
Belliyappa Bangarappa
Belliyappa Bangarappa is a 1992 Indian Kannada-language comedy drama film directed by Poorna Pragnya, written by Singeetham Srinivasa Rao  and produced by Madhu Bangarappa. The film stars Kumar Bangarappa and Amala, whilst a large number of popular actors including Vishnuvardhan, Shiva Rajkumar, V. Ravichandran, Tiger Prabhakar, Malashri and Sudharani appear in guest roles as themselves. Kumar Bangarappa played a dual role for the only time in his career. The film's music was composed by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and cinematographer is B. C. Gowrishankar.

Kumar Bangarappa
Sarekoppa Vasanth Kumar, also known as Kumar Bangarappa (born 28 September 1963) is an Indian actor and politician known for his works primarily in Kannada cinema and few Telugu language films. He is known for the action, stunts and villainous roles.
Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role
The Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is an award presented annually by the Japan Academy Prize Association.

At the 1st Japan Academy Prize ceremony held in 1978, Kaori Momoi was the first winner of this award for her role in The Yellow Handkerchief. Since its inception, the award has been given to 36 actresses. Kimiko Yo has received the most awards in this category with three awards. As of the 2019 ceremony, Kirin Kiki is the most recent winner in this category for her role as Hatsue Shibata in Shoplifters.

42nd Japan Academy Film Prize
The 42nd Japan Academy Film Prize (第42回日本アカデミー賞) is the 42nd edition of the Japan Academy Film Prize, an award presented by the Nippon Academy-Sho Association to award excellence in filmmaking. It awarded the best films of 2018 and took place on March 1, 2019 at the Grand Prince Hotel New Takanawa in Tokyo, Japan.
Jorden Hall
Jorden Hall is a historic building located on the campus of the University of Sioux Falls in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.  It was designed by architect Joseph Schwarz and built in 1908.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

University of Sioux Falls
The University of Sioux Falls (USF) is a private university in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. In fall 2014, the university enrolled a total of 1,142 undergraduate students and 311 graduate students.
Dear My Blank
Dear My Blank is a well-known submission based Tumblr blog run by Ohio native Emily Trunko, who created the blog at the age of sixteen. The blog is composed of anonymous or semi-anonymous letters written to people and posted on the website in lieu of sending them to the intended reader. Trunko says that the idea to create the blog came from her own habit of writing letters to people in her life that she didn't intend to send, and that the blog has helped her realize that many of the problems people have, they have in common with others. The blog was created on March 22, 2015, and within the first week had already received 300 submissions. As of June 24, 2015, there were over 3,000 posted submissions. Trunko is also the creator of the Tumblr blog The Last Message received, and has also been written about in many publications including the New York Times, BuzzFeed, and Cosmopolitan magazine.

Tumblr
Tumblr (/ˈtʌmblər/ TUM-blər) is a microblogging and social media platform founded by David Karp in 2007 and is owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. It was also noted for being socially progressive in the 2010s.
Alton Military Prison
The Alton Military Prison was a prison located in Alton, Illinois, built in 1833 as the first state penitentiary in Illinois and closed in 1857. During the American Civil War, the prison was reopened in 1862 to accommodate the growing population of Confederate prisoners of war and ceased to be prison at the end of the war in 1865. The prison building was demolished not long after the Civil War. All that remains of the former prison site is a section of ruin wall that is maintained by the State of Illinois as an historic site. The prison site is included in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

American Civil War prison camps
Between 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union and the Confederacy to detain over 400,000 captured soldiers. From the start of the Civil War through to 1863 a parole exchange system saw most prisoners of war swapped relatively quickly.  However, from 1863 this broke down following the Confederacy's refusal to treat black and white Union prisoners equally, leading to soaring numbers held on both sides.

Records indicate the capture of 211,411 Union soldiers, with 16,668 paroled and 30,218 died in captivity; of Confederate soldiers, 462,684 were captured, 247,769 paroled and 25,976 died in captivity. Just over 5.6% of the captives in Northern prisons died, compared to 14.29% for Southern prisons.

Lorien Foote has noted, "the suffering of prisoners did more to inhibit postwar reconciliation than any other episode of the war."
Inspector-General of Intelligence (South Africa)
Inspector-General of Intelligence (IGI) monitors and reviews the operations of the intelligence services of South Africa which include the State Security Agency, Defence Intelligence Division of the South African National Defence Force and  Crime Intelligence Division of the South African Police Service. Its second function is to investigate complaints from the South African public as to possible abuses of the constitution and intelligence laws by the intelligence services.

Crime Intelligence Division
The Crime Intelligence Division of the South African Police Service is an intelligence agency that tracks criminal elements within the Republic of South Africa. It is run by a Divisional Commissioner, who is also a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC), to which they report.

The main functions of the CI division are:

Operational Support.

Crime Information Analysis Centre.

Crime Information Management Centre.

Counter Intelligence.

Covert Intelligence.

Crime Intelligence Collection.

In the 2020s, the Division has been under scrutiny by observers for misconduct. In 2024, the head of Crime Intelligence for the Western Cape was formally dismissed under misconduct grounds. In 2025, allegations were again raised against the police division, raising concerns around corruption, instability and leaks.
Irgens
Irgens is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Åshild Irgens (born 1976), Norwegian illustrator

Christian Andreas Irgens (1833–1915), Norwegian politician

Joachim Irgens von Westervick (1611–1675), Dano-Norwegian nobleman

Johan Irgens-Hansen (1854–1895), Norwegian literary critic, theatre critic and theatre director

Johannes Irgens (1869–1939), Norwegian barrister, diplomat and politician

Kjeld Stub Irgens (1879–1963), Norwegian politician during the German occupation of Norway

Lars Johannes Irgens (1775–1830), Norwegian jurist and politician

Ludvig Irgens-Jensen (1894–1969), Norwegian twentieth-century composer

Nils Christian Irgens (1811–1878), Norwegian military officer and politician

Ole Irgens (bishop) (1724–1803), bishop in the Church of Norway

Ole Irgens (politician) (1829–1906), Norwegian politician

Diane Jergens,born Dianne Irgens

Einar Irgens Gustafson (born 1973), Counselor for Norwegian Defense Industry

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.