hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Öösh Formation
The Öösh Formation, also known as the Tevsh Formation is a geological formation of Lower Cretaceous strata in Övörkhangai Province, Mongolia. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It overlies folded and metamorphosed basement strata of the Gobi region, and is capped by basalt. The succession is around 600 metres thick and consists of red claystones and sandstones, along with black thinly laminated shales. The claystones and sandstones were deposited as part of an alluvial fan system, while the shales were deposited in lakes present in the foot of the fan. Many of the fossils come from the "Cannonball beds", which comprise the lowest 60 metres of the unit and consist of green siltstone.

Övörkhangai Province
Övörkhangai (Mongolian: Өвөрхангай; lit. "South Khangai") is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. Its capital is Arvaikheer.

The Shankh Monastery, one of the oldest and most important monasteries, is located in this province, as well as Erdene Zuu monastery and Tövkhön Monastery. Karakorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire, was located adjacent to the Erdene Zuu monastery.
Ideal Institute of Management and Technology
28°38′55″N 77°17′49″E﻿ / ﻿28.6485734°N 77.2968113°E﻿ / 28.6485734; 77.2968113
Ideal Institute of Management and Technology & School of Law is a postsecondary institution in Karkardooma, an area of Delhi, India, founded in 1999 by the New Millennium Education Society & affiliated to GGSIPU, Delhi,  Approved by Bar Council of India. Accredited by NAAC and An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution.

It offers courses leading to the degrees of BBA (CAM), BBA and LL.B.(H) from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, formerly Indraprastha University (IP or IPU), is a state university located in Sector 16 Dwarka, Delhi, India. The university is organised around fourteen university schools and three university centers that focus on programs in law, medicine, technology, education, entrepreneurship, science and business.
Mileševa printing house
The Mileševa printing house (Serbian: Милешевска штампарија) was a printing house established in 1544 in the Mileševa monastery near Prijepolje, Ottoman Empire (modern day Serbia). Three srbulje books were printed in this printing house. Two in 1544 and 1545 and one in 1557.

Srbulja
A srbulјa (Serbian Cyrillic: србуља; in plural: srbulje) is a liturgical book written or printed in the Serbian recension of Church Slavonic, which was the literary and liturgical language of Serbs from the 12th century to the 18th century. The term was used for the first time by Vuk Karadžić in 1816 to differentiate liturgical books written in the Serbian recension from those written in the Russian recension, which gradually replaced srbulje during the 19th century.

Until the end of the 15th century, srbulje were only written books. Since 1494 (Cetinje Octoechos) until the middle of the 17th century, several printing houses printed srbulje.
Takamatsu Matsudaira clan cemetery
The Takamatsu Matsudaira clan cemetery  (高松藩主松平家墓所, Takamatsu-han Matsudaira-ke bosho) is located in the city of Takamatsu, Kagawa. The cemetery contains the graves of the Takamatsu-branch of age Matsudaira clan. This includes the successive daimyō of Takamatsu Domain (120,000 koku). The cemetery was designated a National Historic Site in 2007.

Takamatsu
Takamatsu (高松市, Takamatsu-shi; Japanese: [takaꜜmatsɯ]) is a capital city located in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 414,134 in 190,120 households and a population density of 1,100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 375.41 square kilometres (144.95 sq mi). It is the capital city of the prefecture.
Anja Aguilar
Angellie G. Urquico, better known by her stage name Anja Aguilar, is a Filipino actress and recording artist. She was the grand winner of the second season of Little Big Star in 2006. She is a former member of the group Pop Girls from VIVA Records.

TV5 (Philippine TV network)
TV5 is a Philippine free-to-air commercial broadcast television and radio network based in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, with additional studios and transmitter facilities in Novaliches, Quezon City, serving as the flagship property of TV5 Network Inc., which owns and operates the network, is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, which is controlled by telecommunications company PLDT, Inc.

TV5's main television station, DWET-TV, broadcasts on VHF Channel 5 for analogue broadcasting, UHF Channel 18 for digital, and UHF Channel 51 for digital test transmission. The latter is licensed to its sister company, Mediascape/Cignal TV. The network owns and operates seven TV stations and has 14 selected affiliate stations across the Philippines.

TV5's programming is available throughout the Philippines, and its content can be accessed internationally via satellite through Kapatid Channel International, AksyonTV International, and PBA Rush.
Maclaurin's inequality
In mathematics, Maclaurin's inequality, named after Colin Maclaurin, is a refinement of the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.

Let  be non-negative real numbers, and for , define the averages  as follows:

The numerator of this fraction is the elementary symmetric polynomial of degree  in the  variables , that is, the sum of all products of  of the numbers  with the indices in increasing order. The denominator is the number of terms in the numerator, the binomial coefficient  Maclaurin's inequality is the following chain of inequalities:

,

with equality if and only if all the  are equal.

Maclaurin's inequality can be proved using Newton's inequalities or a generalised version of Bernoulli's inequality.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
Simiutaq Island
Simiutaq Island is a 13 km × 10 km (8.1 mi × 6.2 mi) uninhabited island in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland, located in the mouth of the long Kangerlussuaq Fjord. It was also known informally as Cruncher Island.

Supply ships of Royal Arctic Line and cruise ships, such as Norway's Hurtigruten sail into Kangerlussuaq Fjord south of the island. The fjord is navigable in its entire length, with the ships mooring at the Kangerlussuaq port, west of Kangerlussuaq Airport. There are several small skerries in the mouth of the fjord, at the southern end of Simiutaq Island.

Qeqqata
Qeqqata (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qɜqːata], Danish: Centrum, lit. 'Centre') is a municipality in western Greenland, operational from 1 January 2009. The municipality was named after its location in the central-western part of the country. Its population is 9,179 as of January 2025. The administrative center of the municipality is in Sisimiut (formerly called Holsteinsborg).
Prehistory of the Levant
The prehistory of the Levant includes the various cultural changes that occurred, as revealed by archaeological evidence, prior to recorded traditions in the area of the Levant. Archaeological evidence suggests that Homo sapiens and other hominid species originated in Africa (see hominid dispersal) and that one of the routes taken to colonize Eurasia was through the Sinai Peninsula desert and the Levant, which means that this is one of the most occupied locations in the history of the Earth. 
Not only have many cultures lived here, but also many species of the genus Homo. In addition, this region is one of the centers for the development of agriculture.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Opabin Lake
Opabin Lake is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,277 metres (7,470 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.

Opabin Lake can be accessed by two climbing trails, the East Opabin trail and the West Opabin trail, which form a 6 km circuit beginning and ending at Lake O'Hara. Both trails ascend approximately 250 metres (820 ft). East Opabin consists of switchbacks through the woods above Lake O'Hara followed by an uphill hike alongside a stream fed by runoff from the snowy peaks. West Opabin involves a somewhat more rugged ascent, where the mossy woods yield to scree, stone steps, and open rocky paths cut into the slopes that offer vistas of Lake O'Hara, Mary Lake, and the surrounding mountains.  A third, alpine trail connects the East Opabin trail to nearby Lake Oesa.

Yoho National Park
Yoho National Park (/ˈjoʊhoʊ/ YOH-hoh) is a national park of Canada. It is located within the Rocky Mountains along the western slope of the Continental Divide of the Americas in southeastern British Columbia, bordered by Kootenay National Park to the south and Banff National Park to the east in Alberta. The park features a spectacular landscape of massive ice fields and mountain peaks, which rank among the highest in the Canadian Rockies.

Yoho covers an area of 1,313 square kilometres (507 sq mi), the smallest of the region's four contiguous national parks, which also include Jasper, Kootenay, and Banff National Parks, as well as three British Columbia provincial parks—Hamber Provincial Park, Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, and Mount Robson Provincial Park. Together, these parks form the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. Yoho's administrative and visitor centre is in Field, British Columbia, beside the Trans-Canada Highway.
Grand National Treasure
In Thailand, Grand National Treasure refers to objects that, in the past, were made by the national purse and bestowed by the King to Royal Family members, courtiers, and high-ranking officials. The national treasure also includes items that are valuable in terms of history and Thai artistic features.

The treasures include regalia, royal decorations, ornaments, and Thai coins. These treasures are currently in the custody of the Bureau of Grand National Treasure, The Treasury Department. The national treasures are restored, conserved, and displayed for the general public at the Pavilion of Regalia, Royal Decorations and Coins in the Royal Grand Palace.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.
Adriana Dias
Adriana Abreu Magalhães Dias (1970 – January 29, 2023) was a Brazilian feminist anthropologist, anti-fascist and activist for the rights of people with disabilities and rare diseases. Because of her work, Dias was nicknamed the "Nazi hunter".

Nazi hunting
Nazi hunting is the investigation and pursuit of former Nazi officials and SS after the end of World War II. This involves tracking down and gathering information on such individuals, typically for use at trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Holocaust. Nazi hunters were active around the world for decades after the fall of the Third Reich, when many key Nazi figures escaped military trial by fleeing to South America and elsewhere. Prominent Nazi hunters include Simon Wiesenthal, Tuviah Friedman, Serge Klarsfeld, Beate Klarsfeld, Ian Sayer, Yaron Svoray, Elliot Welles, and Efraim Zuroff. Nazi hunting may overlap with the pursuit of Nazi collaborators.
Shale gas in the United Kingdom
Shale gas in the United Kingdom has attracted increasing attention since 2007, when unconventional onshore shale gas production was proposed. The first shale gas well in England was drilled in 1875. As of 2013 a number of wells had been drilled, and favourable tax treatment had been offered to shale gas producers.

In July 2013, UK Prime Minister David Cameron had claimed that, "fracking has real potential to drive energy bills down". However, in November 2013 representatives from industry and government, such as former BP Chief Executive and government advisor Lord Browne, Energy Secretary Ed Davey and economist Lord Stern said that fracking in the UK alone will not lower prices as the UK is part of a well connected European market.
As of April 2022, there had been no commercial production of shale gas in the UK, with no shale gas reserves booked in the UK. In February 2022 the Oil & Gas Authority (OGA) ordered the "plugging and abandonment" of Britain's shale wells.

IGas Energy
IGas Energy Plc is an independent oil and gas exploration and production company, incorporated and operating in the United Kingdom, with headquarters in London. The company started and incorporated in 2003 to produce natural gas, primarily coalbed methane. It grew by acquiring Nexen Exploration and Star Energy in 2011, and PR Singleton Limited in 2013. Since December 2011 company shares have traded on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol IGAS.

Since its inception, the company has produced from conventional oil and gas, and coalbed methane reservoirs. The company also holds licences in the Gainsborough Trough, which has been its main focus of shale gas exploration since 2010. IGas has permits for, and plans to drill two shale gas test holes in the Bowland Basin in late 2013; IGas does not have permits to hydraulically fracture the test wells.
Guilin Road station
Guilin Road (Chinese: 桂林路; pinyin: Guìlín Lù) is an interchange station between Line 9 and Line 15 of the Shanghai Metro.

When the line opened on 29 December 2007, it was the eastern terminus of Line 9, with a shuttle bus providing a link between this station and Yishan Road station. On 28 December 2008, the extension to Yishan Road was opened and the shuttle bus service was removed.

The line 9 platforms have 3 tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. The inner island platform is not in service. Trains heading to Caolu use the outer island platform, whilst trains towards Songjiang South Railway Station use the side platform. The line 9 platform utilizes the same platform layout as Zhongchun Road on the same line.
The line 15 island platform opened on 27 June 2021 in together with the opening of the transfer between the 2 lines.

Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station metro station
Shanghai Songjiang Railway Station (Chinese: 上海松江站; pinyin: Shànghǎi Sōngjiāngzhàn) is a metro station on Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro, and also serves as the line's southern terminus. It began operation on 30 December 2012. It is adjacent to Shanghai Songjiang railway station. Formerly Songjiang South Railway Station (Chinese: 松江南站; pinyin: Sōngjiāng Nánzhàn), it was renamed to the current name in September 2024.
Albert C. Anderson
Albert Clarence Anderson (February 7, 1878 – June 24, 1954) was an American politician and newspaper publisher. He represented the 36th district in the Mississippi State Senate from 1912 to 1916, and was the Senate's President Pro Tempore during that term. He also served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1900 to 1904, from 1908 to 1912, and from 1924 to 1928.

Tippah County, Mississippi
Tippah County is a county located on the northern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,815. Its county seat is Ripley. The name "Tippah" is derived from a Chickasaw language word meaning "cut off." It was taken from the creek of the same name that flows across much of the original county from northeast to southwest before emptying into the Tallahatchie River. The creek probably was so named because it, and the ridges on either side, "cut off" the western part of the region from the eastern portion.

One of President Bill Clinton's great-grandfathers is buried here.
Maleic hydrazide
Maleic hydrazide, often known by the brand name Fazor, is a plant growth regulator that reduces growth through preventing cell division but not cell enlargement. It is applied to the foliage of potato, onion, garlic and carrot crops to prevent sprouting during storage. It can also be used to control volunteer potatoes that are left in the field during harvesting. It was first identified in the 1940s but was not used commercially in the United Kingdom until 1984. The banning of chlorpropham as a sprout suppressant in 2019 has led renewed interest in how maleic hydrazide can be used in potatoes.

Chlorpropham
Chlorpropham or CIPC is a plant growth regulator and herbicide used as a sprout suppressant for grass weeds, alfalfa, lima and snap beans, blueberries, cane fruit, carrots, cranberries, ladino clover, garlic, seed grass, onions, spinach, sugar beets, tomatoes, safflower, soybeans, gladioli and woody nursery stock. It is also used to inhibit potato sprouting and for sucker control in tobacco. Chlorpropham is available in emulsifiable concentrate and liquid formulations.

Chlorpropham is approved for use in the United States as a plant regulator and herbicide only on potatoes. The use of CIPC was banned in the EU and UK in 2019 after it was not reauthorised for use due to toxicity concerns, with sales prohibited from January 2020.
USS Ozark (1863)
USS Ozark was a single-turreted river monitor built for the United States Navy during the American Civil War. The ship served in the Mississippi River Squadron during the war, and participated in the Red River Campaign shortly after she was commissioned in early 1864. Ozark patrolled the Mississippi River and its tributaries after the end of the campaign for the rest of the war. She was decommissioned after the war and sold in late 1865.

The ship's activities or owner are not known after her sale, but Ozark transported Federal troops and New Orleans police attempting to apprehend the white supremacists who killed numerous blacks during the Colfax Massacre in 1873. She ferried witnesses back and forth to their homes on the Red River during the subsequent trials in 1874. Her ultimate fate is unknown.

Deck (ship)
A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull of a ship. On a boat or ship, the primary or upper deck is the horizontal structure that forms the "roof" of the hull, strengthening it and serving as the primary working surface. Vessels often have more than one level both within the hull and in the superstructure above the primary deck, similar to the floors of a multi-storey building, that are also referred to as decks, as are certain compartments and decks built over specific areas of the superstructure. Decks for some purposes have specific names.
Sian Williams (rugby union)
Sian Williams (born 23 October 1990) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays in the back row for Worcester/Newport Gwent Dragons and the Wales women's national rugby union team. She won her first international cap against Scotland in the 2011 Women's Six Nations Championship. She is the younger sister of Wales Rugby League international Rhys Williams who is Wales' all-time top try scorer in that code. In 2016, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.

Rhys Williams (rugby league)
Rhys Williams (born 8 December 1989) is a Welsh former professional rugby league footballer who played as a winger.

His professional playing career began in 2010 with Warrington Wolves in the Super League, which included various loans to Crusaders RL, Castleford, Salford, and the Swinton. In 2014, he moved to Central Queensland Capras in the Queensland Cup, before a return to the UK the following year playing for London Broncos mostly in the Championship and one season in the Super League. In 2020, he moved to Salford Red Devils for four further seasons in the Super League. He finished his career with a season at Swinton Lions, then a season at Widnes Vikings, both in the Championship.

Internationally, Williams played for Wales at four World Cups in 2013, 2017, 2022, and the Nines world cup in 2019. He finished his representative career with 38 caps and 24 tries, and at the time of his retirement was Wales's most capped player.
The David Gates Songbook
The David Gates Songbook is a compilation album by David Gates of Bread. It consists of previously released as well as new solo material; and songs with his former band Bread.

Track six is a new recording of the title cut from his 1994 album Love Is Always Seventeen.

Goodbye Girl (David Gates album)
Goodbye Girl is an album by the American musician David Gates, released in 1978. The title track was used in the film of the same name. The album peaked at No. 165 on the Billboard 200.

"Took the Last Train" was released as a follow-up single, which also became a U.S. and Canadian top 40 hit.

Only tracks 1–4, 6 and 7 are new material; the remainder are reissued from previous albums.
USS Gunston Hall (LSD-44)
USS Gunston Hall (LSD-44) is a Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship of the United States Navy. She was the second Navy ship to be named for Gunston Hall, the Mason Neck, Virginia, estate of George Mason, one of Virginia's Revolutionary figures, and "Father of the Bill of Rights". Gunston Hall was laid down on 26 May 1986, at the Avondale Shipyards, New Orleans. The ship was launched on 27 June 1987, commissioned on 22 April 1989 and assigned to Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek.

Gunston Hall is currently homeported at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story, Virginia, and assigned to Amphibious Group 2 of the Atlantic Fleet.

USS Kearsarge (LHD-3)
USS Kearsarge (LHD-3) is the third Wasp-class amphibious assault ship of the United States Navy.  She is the fifth ship to bear that name, but the fourth to serve under it, as the third was renamed Hornet (CV-12) before launching (after the prior Hornet was sunk).