hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rail transport in the Netherlands
The history of rail transport in the Netherlands is generally considered to have begun on September 20, 1839, when the first train, drawn by De Arend, successfully made the 16 km (9.9 mi) trip from Amsterdam to Haarlem. However, the first plan for a railroad in the Netherlands was launched only shortly after the first railroad opened in Britain.

When discussing the history of rail transport in the Netherlands, one can roughly distinguish six eras, namely the period up to 1839, when the first plans were made for a railroad; the period 1840–1860, when the railroads experienced their early expansion; the period 1860–1890, when the government started to order the construction of new lines; the period 1890–1938, when the railroads were consolidated into two large railroads; the period 1938–1992, when the Nederlandse Spoorwegen was granted a monopoly on rail transport; and finally the period from 1992 to the present, when the Nederlandse Spoorwegen lost its monopoly.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
90 Millas World Tour
The 90 Millas World Tour is the seventh concert tour by singer and songwriter Gloria Estefan, the tour was performed primarily for her Spanish audience but also for the Dutch, Irish and British who have been her most ardent supporters.

The tour was promoted by concert touring company Live Nation, which also promotes shows for other international acts such as Madonna, U2 and Jay-Z.

Wrapped (Gloria Estefan song)
"Wrapped" is a song written by the Peruvian singer and songwriter Gian Marco and sung by Gloria Estefan, released as the first single from her tenth studio album Unwrapped. The single returned commercial success to Gloria, having charted in various countries.
Performance paradox
The performance paradox is a theory set forth by Marshall W. Meyer and Vipin Gupta in 1994, which posits that organizations are able to maintain control by not knowing what exactly performance is.: 309  This theory is based on several facts of performance, namely that the number and type of performance measurements that exist are increasing at a rapid rate and that these new metrics tend to be weakly correlated with old ones.: 309

Business performance management
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) enterprise performance management (EPM),) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that a business organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals. BPM is associated with business process management, a larger framework managing organizational processes.

It aims to measure and optimize the overall performance of an organization, specific departments, individual employees, or processes to manage particular tasks. Performance standards are set by senior leadership and task owners which may include expectations for job duties, timely feedback and coaching, evaluating employee performance and behavior against desired outcomes, and implementing reward systems. BPM can involve outlining the role of each individual in an organization in terms of functions and responsibilities.
Dischisma
Dischisma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.

Its native range is in Africa, from Namibia to South Africa.

Species:

Dischisma arenarium E.Mey.

Dischisma capitatum (Thunb.) Choisy

Dischisma ciliatum (Berger) Choisy

Dischisma clandestinum E.Mey.

Dischisma crassum Rolfe

Dischisma fruticosum (L.f.) Rolfe

Dischisma leptostachyum E.Mey.

Dischisma spicatum (Thunb.) Choisy

Dischisma squarrosum Schltr.

Dischisma struthioloides Killick

Dischisma tomentosum Schltr.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
José Lampra Cà
José Lampra Cà (born 5 January 1964) is a Bissau-Guinean cleric who is the current Roman Catholic bishop of Bissau.

Lampra Cà received his holy orders on 27 December 1997 by the then-Bishop of Bissau, Settimio Ferrazzetta OFM.

On 13 May 2011, he was named by Pope Benedict XVI to be the auxiliary bishop of Bissau and as the titular bishop of Lemta. The Bishop of Bissau, D. José Câmnate na Bissign, consecrated him on 12 November; co-consecrators included Carlos Pedro Zilli PIME, the Bishop of Bafatá, and Luis Mariano Montemayor, the Apostolic Nuncio of Senegal, Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau and Apostolic Delegate of Mauritania.

On 11 July 2020, Lampra Cà also became the Apostolic Administrator for the vacancy as Bishop of Bissau after Câmnate na Bissign resigned.

Pope Francis named Lampra Cà to become the Bishop of Bissau on 10 December 2021. He assumed the position on 29 January 2022.

Carlos Pedro Zilli
Carlos Pedro Zilli (7 October 1954 – 31 March 2021) was a Brazilian-born Bissau-Guinean Roman Catholic bishop. He became the Roman Catholic bishop of the newly created Diocese of Bafatá in Guinea-Bissau in 2001.
Råshult
56°37′05″N 14°12′07″E﻿ / ﻿56.618°N 14.202°E﻿ / 56.618; 14.202

Råshult is a village just north of Älmhult in Kronoberg County, Småland, Sweden. It is notable as the birthplace of the seminal biologist and "father of modern taxonomy", Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). In Råshult there is also a memorial to him.

Älmhult
Älmhult (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛ̂lmhɵlt] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Älmhult Municipality in Kronoberg County, Sweden with a population of 17950 as of 2024

It was in Älmhult that the first IKEA (the Swedish furniture company) store was built. IKEA continues to have a large corporate presence there. A museum of IKEA's history, the IKEA Museum, opened in the town on 30 June 2016. It was constructed to present the history of IKEA. Visitors to Älmhult can also experience  the IKEA Hotel, which opened in 1964. It is near IKEA's offices and opposite the IKEA Museum.

Älmhult has a local gymnasium called Haganässkolan and an international school that goes up to Year 10.
Haganässkolan is an International Baccalaureate-authorized school that offers the IB Diploma Programme since August 2017. The school also offers a preparatory year, the Pre-Diploma Programme.
Brunswick East
Brunswick East is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Merri-bek local government area. Brunswick East recorded a population of 13,279 at the 2021 census.

Bordered generally by Lygon Street and Holmes Street in the west; the Merri Creek in the east adjoining Northcote; Park Street, Nicholson Street and Glenlyon Road in the south adjoining Carlton North and Fitzroy North; and Moreland Road in the north adjoining Coburg. Brunswick East is a mixed-use suburb, consisting of primarily residential and commercial properties.

Carlton North
Carlton North is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km (2.5 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Melbourne and Yarra local government areas. Carlton North recorded a population of 6,177 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is bordered by Princes Street and Cemetery Road to the south, Royal Parade to the west, Nicholson Street to the east and Park Street to the north. Carlton North is home to the Melbourne General Cemetery and the Princes Park, which contains the Princes Park Football Ground.

Its main commercial area is along Rathdowne Street, which has numerous cafés, restaurants, small fashion boutiques, bookshops and other businesses.

Today, Carlton North, like other inner-northern suburbs of Melbourne, contains a mixture of white-collar professionals, bureaucrats and academics. The area has become more gentrified than Fitzroy North, Brunswick or Collingwood, resulting in significantly higher median property prices.
Oscar Promotion
Oscar Promotion Co., Ltd (株式会社オスカープロモーション) is a Japanese talent agency headquartered in Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It was founded in 1970 and manages talents in a variety of fields including modelling and acting. The company has a large roster of talents, making it one of the largest talent agencies in Japan alongside Johnny's and Yoshimoto. There are over 6000 people working or affiliated as staff and talent with Oscar Promotion. The company is also involved in television production with numerous drama shows.

They are known for hosting the Japan Bishōjo Contest since 1987, a beauty contest which introduced many famous actresses and models.

Talents under the agency are forbidden to be in a relationship until they are 25 years old.

Johnny & Associates
Johnny & Associates, Inc. was a Japanese talent agency formed by Johnny Kitagawa in 1962, which managed groups of male idols known as Johnny's. The company had a significant impact on pop culture with male idols and boy bands in Japan since the 1980s. Until 2019, the company was known for its strict policies regarding music distribution abroad and its strict control over the right of publicity to using the likeness of idols under its management.

In the wake of continuing sexual abuse allegations directed against Kitagawa, who died in 2019, his niece, Julie Keiko Fujishima, stepped down as president in September 2023. On October 2, 2023, Johnny & Associates announced that they would be splitting into two entities: The existing company would be rebranded to Smile-Up, a firm focused on reparations for Kitagawa's sexual abuse cases, and Starto Entertainment, a talent agency managing the acts that had been managed under Johnny & Associates.
Henri Grob
Henri Grob (4 June 1904 – c. 5 July 1974) was a Swiss chess player, artist, and painter. He was Swiss chess champion twice, and was awarded the title of International Master in 1950 at its inauguration. Grob pioneered eccentric chess openings, in particular 1.g4, about which he wrote a book (Angriff g2–g4, Zürich, 1942). The opening is today commonly known as Grob's Attack, and it is this opening that brought him fame within chess communities around the globe rather than his results in chess competitions.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
1970 US Open – Men's singles
Ken Rosewall defeated Tony Roche in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(5–2), 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1970 US Open. It was his second US singles title and seventh Grand Slam tournament singles title overall.

Rod Laver was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Dennis Ralston.

1970 US Open (tennis)
The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City, New York. The tournament was held from September 2 until September 13, 1970. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970.

It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6–6 score. The 1970 US Open was the first tournament to introduce a final set tie-break in a Grand Slam. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a sudden death at 4–4. A red flag would be put up by the umpire's seat to draw fan attention to the tiebreaker in progress. Most players disapproved of the tiebreaker but the visitors loved it.
Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).

Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region (Czech: Pardubický kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. As an administrative unit, Pardubice Region has existed three times in the course of history. It was established for the first time in 1850, and extended from Český Brod to the Bohemian-Moravian border. In its second existence, it was one of 19 regions as they were set between 1949 and 1960. After 1960, Pardubice became the capital of Pardubice district, which was part of the Eastern Bohemian Region (capital Hradec Králové). The Pardubice Region, as it is now, was reestablished in 2000.
Pachypappa
Pachypappa is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:

Pachypappa aigeros Zhang & Guangxue, 1997

Pachypappa marsupialis Koch, 1856

Aphididae
The Aphididae are a very large insect family in the aphid superfamily (Aphidoidea), of the order Hemiptera. These insects suck the sap from plant leaves. Several thousand species are placed in this family, many of which are considered plant/crop pests. They are the family of insects containing most plant virus vectors (around 200 known) with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) being one of the most prevalent and indiscriminate carriers.
Torre de la Cautiva
The Torre de la Cautiva (Spanish: Torre de la Cautiva, lit. 'tower of the captive [woman]') is a tower in the walls of the Alhambra in Granada, Spain. It is one of several towers along the Alhambra's northern wall which were converted into a small palatial residence in the 14th century. It is considered an exceptional example of Nasrid domestic architecture from this period.: 195

Nasrid dynasty
The Nasrid dynasty (Arabic: بنو نصر banū Naṣr or بنو الأحمر banū al-Aḥmar; Spanish: Nazarí) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Granada from 1232 to 1492. It was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-three sultans ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Muhammad I until 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Isabella I of Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrid dynasty is the Alhambra palace complex built under their reign.
David Samson (lawyer)
David Samson (born August 14, 1939) is an American lawyer who served as New Jersey Attorney General under Democratic governor Jim McGreevey from 2002 to 2003. He served as the chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) from 2011 until his resignation on March 28, 2014 in the aftermath of the Fort Lee lane closure scandal. Samson is a partner and founding member of the law firm Wolff & Samson from which he resigned in April 2015, and had been an ally of Governor Chris Christie.

On July 14, 2016, Samson pleaded guilty to a felony for conspiring to impede an airport project to coerce United Airlines to reinstate a discontinued flight to an airport in South Carolina, near a home that he owned. Samson was ordered to pay a $100,000 fine and sentenced to a year of home confinement at the South Carolina vacation house that was subject of the crime.

United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (in case citations, D.N.J.) is a federal court in the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The Judiciary Act of 1789 established New Jersey as a single District on September 24, 1789.  On February 13, 1801 the Judiciary Act of 1801 reorganized the federal court system, resulting in the state being divided into Eastern and Western districts.  The Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed on March 8, 1802 and New Jersey was re-established as a single district court.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of March 24, 2025 the acting United States attorney for the District of New Jersey is Alina Habba.
Sanglorians
Sanglorians are an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Sanglorians were formed in late 2010 by lead singer/songwriter Daniel Brummel along with guitarist Jonathan Gomez, bassist Jeremy Keeler, keyboardist/trumpeter Ihui Wu, violinist Morgan Paros and drummer Matt Mayhall. Their debut album Initiation was released in October 2013 featuring this lineup. The followup Odalisque appeared in 2020, which the label Sludge People called "equal parts high-polish studio masterpiece and stunning indie outsider art, already a cult classic in the making." In 2024, the band released the holiday album Family of Origin, featuring Corey Fogel of The Mae Shi on drums and vocals from Brummel's 8-year-old daughter, Aurelia Brummel.

The Mae Shi
The Mae Shi is an American art punk and experimental pop band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2002.  They are known for making frantic and joyous music that explores dark themes using a wide variety of sounds, instruments, and music genres.  Their music has been described as "spazz rock," "avant-pop," "surprise music," "hyper-prog," and "punk with a bubblegum soul."  They are closely associated with The Smell, an all-ages, volunteer-run venue in Los Angeles.  Their third album, HLLLYH, was released to critical acclaim, with Pitchfork naming it the eighteenth best album of 2008.
Kiwi FM
Kiwi FM (formerly Channel Z) was a New Zealand alternative music radio network. From 1996 to 2005, as Channel Z, it broadcast alternative and local music for a youth-oriented market. From 2005 to 2015, as Kiwi FM, it broadcast predominantly New Zealand independent music, to showcase local music across a wide range of genres and enable greater access to an international market for local contemporary artists. The station broadcast in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch on FM frequencies and globally through an internet stream. During its later years it operated as a non-profit subsidiary of MediaWorks New Zealand, and was affiliated with XFM and Triple J.

Shihad
Shihad were a rock band formed in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1988. The band consisted of founders Tom Larkin (drums, backing vocals, samplers), Phil Knight (lead guitar, synthesiser, backing vocals) and Jon Toogood (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), who were joined by Karl Kippenberger (bass guitar, backing vocals) in 1991. The band were known as Pacifier between 2002 and 2004.

Six of Shihad's studio albums have peaked at number one–The General Electric (October 1999), Pacifier (September 2002), Beautiful Machine (April 2008), Ignite (September 2010), FVEY (August 2014) and Old Gods (October 2021). They share the honour for most number-one records for any New Zealand artist with Hayley Westenra. As of 2014, Shihad had the most Top 40 New Zealand chart singles for any local artist, with 25; three of these reached the top ten. The singles "Home Again", "Pacifier", and "Bitter" are listed at No. 30, 60 and 83, respectively, in the APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time.
Damsholte
Damsholte is a village on the Danish island of Møn. It is located some 6 km south-west of Stege.

The first reference to Damsholte dates back to 1664.

Damsholte Church, the only Rococo village church in Denmark is to be found in the western part of the village close to the Marienborg Estate.

The village is in Vordingborg Municipality which belongs to Region Sjælland.

Møn
Møn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈmøˀn]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark. Until 1 January 2007, it was a municipality in its own right but it is now part of the municipality of Vordingborg, after merging with the former municipalities of Langebæk, Præstø, and Vordingborg. This has created a municipality with an area of 615 km2 (237 sq mi) and a total population of 46,307 (2005). It belongs to the Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region"). Møn is one of Denmark's most popular destinations for tourists with its white chalk cliffs, countryside, sandy beaches and the market town of Stege. In June 2017, UNESCO designated Møn as Denmark's first biosphere reserve, consisting of "a series of islands and islets in the southern Baltic Sea, over approximately 45,118 hectares (111,490 acres). Its landscapes include woodlands, grasslands, meadows, wetlands, coastal areas, ponds and steep hills."
Swedish Hairdressers' Union
The Swedish Hairdressers' Union (Swedish: Frisöranställdas förbund, FAF) was a trade union representing hairdressers in Sweden.

The union was founded in December 1906, on the initiative of the Barbers' and Hairdressers' Assistants' Association of Stockholm.  It initially had 225 members, but struggled, and in 1910 was down to just 46.  This proved its nadir, and membership then steadily increased, to a peak of 7,207 in 1968.  It then fell slightly, and by 1988 stood at 4,102.  The following year, it merged into the Swedish Commercial Employees' Union.  The union was affiliated to the Swedish Trade Union Confederation.

Swedish Trade Union Confederation
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Swedish: Landsorganisationen i Sverige [ˈlânː(d)sɔrɡanɪsaˌɧuːnɛn iː ˈsvæ̌rjɛ] ⓘ; literally "The National Organisation in Sweden"), commonly referred to as LO ([ˈɛ̂lːuː] ⓘ), is a national trade union centre, an umbrella organisation for thirteen Swedish trade unions that organise mainly "blue-collar" workers. The Confederation, which gathers around 1.5 million employees out of Sweden's 10 million people population, was founded in 1898 by blue-collar unions on the initiative of the 1897 Scandinavian Labour Congress and the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which almost exclusively was made up by trade unions. In 2019 union density of Swedish blue-collar workers was 60%, a decline by seventeen percentage points since 2006 when blue-collar union density was 77%. A strong contributing factor was the considerably raised fees to union unemployment funds in January 2007 made by the new centre-right government.