hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European Union's scientific cooperation with third countries
The European Union's scientific collaboration with third countries describes the European Union's frameworks for bilateral cooperation and specific projects in science and technology, with countries and regional blocs situated beyond the European Union.

European Cooperation in Science and Technology
The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Association) is running an EU-funded programme which enables researchers and innovators to set-up their own research networks in a wide range of scientific topics, called COST Actions. While COST does not fund research activities as such, it provides funding for scientific collaboration in the form of conferences, meetings, training schools and scientific exchanges.

To date, COST has 41 Full Members, 1 Cooperating Member and 1 Partner Member. Salvatore Grimaldi has been appointed as President of the COST Association in July 2023 and will serve as President until 21 June 2025.
HD 87643
HD 87643 is a B[e] binary star embedded in a reflection nebula.

The system is described as having "one of the most extreme infrared excesses for this object class". It harbours a large amount of both hot and cold dust, and is surrounded by a debris disk with radius 2.5-3 AU and an extended reflection nebula. and is important for astronomers in their study of stellar formation.

All the properties of HD 87643 are highly uncertain.  Its distance has been estimated anywhere from one to six kpc. In 1996, Carol Anne Grady et al. announced that the star is a variable star. It was given its variable star designation, V640 Carinae, in 2008. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars classifies it as an Orion variable, a pre-main sequence star, but other authors consider it to be a supergiant B[e] star.  It has been confirmed to be a binary star system with the two stars separated by about 52 AU, but the nature of the companion is unknown.

Reflection nebula
In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of interstellar dust which might reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby stars is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula, but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the frequency spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds (e. g. diamond dust) and compounds of other elements such as iron and nickel. The latter two are often aligned with the galactic magnetic field and cause the scattered light to be slightly polarized.
Faucaria gratiae
Faucaria gratiae is a small succulent plant that is part of the Aizoaceae family. The species is endemic to South Africa and occurs in the Eastern Cape. The plant has a range of less than 200 km2 (77 sq mi) and two subpopulations are known on farms near Riebeek East. The plant is part of the Albany scrub ecoregion and is considered rare.

Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (/ˌeɪzoʊˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or fig-marigold family, are a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly named ice plants or carpet weeds. The Aizoaceae are also referred to as vygies in South Africa. Some of the unusual  Southern African genera—such as Conophytum, Lithops, Titanopsis, and Pleiospilos (among others)—resemble gemstones, rocks, or pebbles, and are sometimes called living stones or mesembs (short for mesembryanthemums).
Edward M. Lander
Edward M. Lander Jr. (August 11, 1816 – February 2, 1907) was a politician, military officer, lawyer, judge, and the first Chief Justice of Washington Territory. Lander was later a foundational figure alongside Arthur A. Denny, Daniel Bagley, and Charles C. Terry in founding the University of Washington.

Obadiah B. McFadden
Obadiah Benton McFadden (November 18, 1815 – June 25, 1875) was an American attorney and politician in the Pacific Northwest. He was the 8th justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, temporarily serving on the court to replace Matthew Deady. A Pennsylvania native, he later was a legislator in the Washington Territory, and he served in Congress representing that territory.
State visits by Xi Jinping to Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia
From April 14–18, 2025, President of China and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping made state visits to Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia. As the trade conflict between the U.S. and China escalates, China seeks to fortify relationships with European and Asian nations.

Royal Palace of Cambodia
The Royal Palace of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះបរមរាជវាំង) is a complex of buildings which serves as the official royal residence of the King of Cambodia. Its full name in Khmer is the Preah Barom Reacheaveang Chaktomuk Serey Mongkol (Khmer: ព្រះបរមរាជវាំងចតុមុខសិរីមង្គល). The Cambodian monarchs have occupied it since it was built in the 1860s, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.

The palace was constructed by King Norodom between 1866 and 1870; this original palace was largely demolished and rebuilt between 1912 and 1932, It is situated at the Western bank of the confluence of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong River called Chaktomuk (an allusion to Brahma).
Pomeshchik
In the history of Russia pomeshchiks (Russian: помещик) were the class of Russian nobility who owned a pomestye (Russian: поместье), i.e., an estate. The term pomeshchik is commonly translated in English as "landlord".

Landlord
A landlord is the owner of property such as a farm, house, apartment, condominium, land, or real estate that is rented or leased to an individual or business, known as a tenant (also called a lessee or renter). The term landlord applies when a juristic person occupies this position. Alternative terms include lessor and owner. For female property owners, the term landlady may be used. In the United Kingdom, the manager of a pub, officially a licensed victualler, is also referred to as the landlord/landlady. In political economy, landlord specifically refers to someone who owns natural resources (such as land, excluding buildings) from which they derive economic rent, a form of passive income.
Sossano
Sossano is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, Veneto,  north-easternItaly. Via Circonvallazione goes through the town.

The comune of Sossano borders on Agugliaro, Albettone, Campiglia dei Berici, Noventa Vicentina, Orgiano, Poiana Maggiore, San Germano dei Berici and Villaga.

Agugliaro
Agugliaro is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, north-eastern Italy. It is located east of road SP247 provincial road, between the Berici Hills and the Euganean Hills.

In the hamlet of Finale di Agugliaro is the 16th-century Villa Saraceno, which was designed by Palladio and is conserved as part of a World Heritage Site. Other patrician villas in the area include Villa Dal Verme and the Barchesse Trolio. Other sights include the church of San Michele Arcangelo and the Oratory of San Bernardino.
LastObject
LastObject is a Danish manufacturing company, based in Copenhagen that sells sustainable products online and in retail globally. Having been launched in 2016, it launches new products through crowdfunding campaigns on Kickstarter and Indiegogo. The company is best known for producing LastSwab, a reusable cotton swab.

Sustainable products
Sustainable products are products either sustainably sourced, manufactured or processed and provide environmental, social, and economic benefits while protecting public health and the environment throughout their whole life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials to the final disposal.
Saṃyutta Nikāya
The Saṃyutta Nikāya ("Connected Discourses" or "Kindred Sayings") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the third of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Piṭaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pāli Tipiṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism.  Because of the abbreviated way parts of the text are written, the total number of suttas/sūtras is unclear. The editor of the Pali Text Society edition of the text made it 2889, Bodhi in his translation has 2904, while the commentaries give 7762. A study by Rupert Gethin gives the totals for the Burmese and Sinhalese editions as 2854 and 7656, respectively, and his own calculation as 6696; he also says the total in the Thai edition is unclear. The suttas/sūtras are grouped into five vaggas/vargas, or sections. Each vagga/varga is further divided into saṃyuttas/saṃyuktas, or chapters, each of which in turn contains a group of suttas/sūtras on a related topic.

Bhante Sujato
Sujato, known as Ajahn Sujato or Bhikkhu Sujato (born Anthony Best), is an Australian Buddhist monk formerly ordained into the Thai forest lineage of Ajahn Chah and presently identifying with the Early Buddhist movement.
2019 Singapore Sevens
The 2019 Singapore Sevens was a rugby sevens tournament played at the National Stadium in Singapore on 13–14 April 2019. It was the eighth edition of the Singapore Sevens and the eighth tournament of the 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series.

In the cup final, it was South Africa who took out their second Singapore title after they defeated Fiji by a single point. Third was England after they defeated United States by 21 points. France won the challenge trophy after defeating Scotland in the final.

2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 20th annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for national men's rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999–2000. This series also, for the second time, doubled as a qualifier for the 2020 Summer Olympics, with the top four countries qualifying automatically.

Fiji finished first in the Series, winning five of the ten tournaments. The United States finished in a best-ever second place, reaching the semifinals in all ten tournaments. The relegation battle was a three-way competition going into the final rounds involving Japan, Kenya, and Wales, with Japan finishing last to be relegated from the Series next season. The World Series Qualifier tournament saw Ireland promoted to core status for the first time for the 2019–20 season.
Hmingthanmawia Ralte
Hmingthanmawia Ralte (born 31 May 2000), commonly known by his nickname Valpuia, is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Super League club Mumbai City and the India national team.

AIFF Super Cup
The AIFF Super Cup, popularly the Super Cup, is the annual premier cup football competition in India. It was founded on February 19, 2018 as a replacement for the Federation Cup. it is organised by the All India Football Federation (AIFF). The competition is open to all clubs in the Indian Super League and the I-League, the top two divisions of the Indian football league system respectively. The winners qualify for the AFC Champions League Two. Goa are the current holders, the first team to win the title thrice.
Taj Mohammad Wardak
Taj Mohammad Wardak is an Afghan politician from the National Independence Party of Afghanistan (Hezb-e Isteqlal Milli Afghanistan). An ethnic Pashtun, he spent some of the period of the Taliban's administration in the United States of America, and became an American citizen.

Ministry of Interior Affairs (Afghanistan)
The Ministry of Interior Affairs (Dari: وزارت امور داخله افغانستان, Pashto: د افغانستان د کورنیو چارو وزارت) is the cabinet ministry of Afghanistan responsible for law enforcement, civil order and fighting crime. The ministry's headquarters is located in Kabul.

The current minister of Interior Affairs is Sirajuddin Haqqani, who is also the first deputy leader of Afghanistan and the leader of the Haqqani network.
Sticta isidiokunthii
Sticta isidiokunthii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in the South American Andes, it was formally described by Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking in 2012. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Chingaza National Natural Park (Cundinamarca) at an altitude of 3,430 m (11,250 ft). The lichen occurs in the Andes of Bolivia and Colombia at elevations between 2,290 and 3,600 m (7,510 and 11,810 ft). It grows on the bark of shrubs and small trees, often associated with liverworts in the genera Metzgeria and Microlejeunea, as well as lichens from the genera Erioderma, Leptogium, and Sticta.  The specific epithet refers to its resemblance to Sticta kunthii and the fact that it makes isidia.

Sticta
Sticta is a genus of lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical areas, and includes about 114 species. These lichens have a leafy appearance, and are colored brown or black. Sticta species with cyanobacteria as photobionts can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, and due to their relative abundance and high turnover, they contribute appreciably to the rainforest ecosystem. They are commonly called spotted felt lichens.
2005 Wismilak International
The 2005 Wismilak International was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic, and was part of the Tier III Series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It took place at the Grand Hyatt Bali in Bali, Indonesia, from 12 through 18 September 2005. Lindsay Davenport won the singles title.

Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic
The Commonwealth Bank Tennis Classic was a tennis tournament on the WTA Tour held in Bali, Indonesia in 2007 and 2008. During the period 1994–2006 it was known as Wismilak International, organized in Surabaya (1994–1997), Kuala Lumpur (1999–2000) and Bali (2001–2006). The tournament was played on outdoor hardcourts. In 2009 the tournament was replaced with the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions.
Lewistown Central Business Historic District
The Lewistown Central Business Historic District is a 28 acres (11 ha) historic district in Lewistown, Montana, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  The listing included 54 contributing buildings.

It includes the already-listed St. Leo's Catholic Church and the Masonic Temple.

The district is roughly bounded by Washington St., 1st Ave., Janeaux St., and 8th Ave., in Lewistown.

St. Leo's Catholic Church (Lewistown, Montana)
The St. Leo's Catholic Church in parish of the Roman Catholic Church in Lewistown, Montana, in the Diocese of Great Falls–Billings.

It is noted for its historic parish church, built in 1916. It was designed by architects Link & Haire and includes a 95 feet (29 m) bell tower.  It was built by contractors Stanton & Smith. The church  was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Ministry of Energy and Minerals (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Energy and Minerals (Somali: Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Macdanta Soomaaliland)  (Arabic: وزارة الطاقة والمعادن) is one of the governmental bodies of Somaliland. The ministry has the function of developing and implementing policies related to electricity, minerals, petroleum and petroleum products. The current minister is Abdillahi Farah Abdi.

Politics of Somaliland
The politics of Somaliland take place within a hybrid system of governance, which, under the Somaliland constitution, combines traditional and western institutions. The constitution separates government into an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch, each of which functions independently from the others.
Drepanaspis
Drepanaspis (from Greek: δρεπάνη drepánē 'sickle' and Greek: ἀσπίς aspís 'shield') is an extinct genus of heterostracan armoured jawless fish from the Early Devonian (approximately 416 - 397 mya). Drepanaspis are assumed to have lived primarily in marine environments and is most commonly characterized by their ray-like, heavily armoured bodies, along with their lack of paired fins and jaws.

Lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ, is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation.

Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago.
Joseph Henry Cock
Joseph Henry Cock (25 January 1855 – 9 September 1921) was a New Zealand shipping company manager and patron of the arts. He was born in Calstock, Cornwall, England on 25 January 1855. He is buried at Highgate Cemetery.

Highgate Cemetery
Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in North London, England, designed by architect Stephen Geary. There are approximately 170,000 people buried in around 53,000 graves across the West and East sides. Highgate Cemetery is notable both for some of the people buried there either in coffins or urns as well as for its de facto status as a nature reserve. The Cemetery is designated Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Anthony Quinn (rugby league)
Anthony Quinn (born 19 January 1983) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played as a winger and centre for the Newcastle Knights and Melbourne Storm in the NRL.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Adrenergic antagonist
An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors. There are five adrenergic receptors, which are divided into two groups. The first group of receptors are the beta (β) adrenergic receptors. There are β1, β2, and β3 receptors. The second group contains the alpha (α) adrenoreceptors. There are only α1 and α2 receptors. Adrenergic receptors are located near the heart, kidneys, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. There are also α-adreno receptors that are located on vascular smooth muscle.

Antagonists reduce or block the signals of agonists. They can be drugs, which are added to the body for therapeutic reasons, or endogenous ligands. The α-adrenergic antagonists have different effects from the β-adrenergic antagonists.

Pindolol
Pindolol, sold under the brand name Visken among others, is a non-selective beta blocker which is used in the treatment of hypertension. It is also an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, preferentially blocking inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors, and has been researched as an add-on therapy to various antidepressants, such as clomipramine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in the treatment of depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
Dule, Ribnica
Dule (pronounced [ˈduːlɛ]; in older sources also Dole) is a small settlement south of Velike Poljane in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Velike Poljane, Ribnica
Velike Poljane (pronounced [ˈʋeːlikɛ pɔˈljaːnɛ]; German: Großpölland) is a village in the Municipality of Ribnica in southern Slovenia. It lies in the hills east of the main road and railway line from Ljubljana to Ribnica at Ortnek. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Kosmos 665
Kosmos 665 (Russian: Космос 665 meaning Cosmos 665) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1974 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 665 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 15:59 UTC on 29 June 1974. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1974-050A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 7352.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 6 July 1990.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Daoura, Western Sahara
Daoura is a small town and rural commune in Tarfaya Province of the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region, in the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara. At the time of the 2014 census, the commune had a total population of 1,108 people.

Tarfaya Province
Tarfaya (Arabic: طرفاية) is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, which includes the southwestern part of the territory of Morocco as of before 1975, and the northern part of the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Its population in 2004 was 10420. Its main town is Tarfaya.

In the north-east of the province, Khenifiss National Park is located.
Praetorium
The Latin term praetorium (also prætorium and pretorium) originally identified the tent of a general within a Roman castrum (encampment), and derived from the title praetor, which identified a Roman magistrate. Originally, praetor ("leader") was the title of the ranking civil servant in the Roman Republic, but later identified a rank of office below the rank of consul.

The war-council meetings held in the tent of a general gave administrative and juridical meanings to the term praetorium, a usage continued into the Byzantine Empire, where the term praitōrion identified the residence of the governor of a city. The term also designated the headquarters of the Roman emperor, as well as the camp of the Praetorian Guard stationed in Rome.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.