hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Practising Law Institute
Practising Law Institute (PLI) is an American non-profit continuing legal education (CLE) organization chartered by the Regents of the University of the State of New York. Founded in 1933, the company organizes and provides CLE programs around the world. Its programs are held in multiple locations including New York, California, Illinois, Washington, D.C., Georgia, Massachusetts, Texas, Pennsylvania, London, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

Programs are also offered in various formats, including live webcasts, MP3s, and on-demand videos, accessible through the PLI.edu website or PLI's mobile app. PLI's headquarters are located in New York City, New York; it also maintains an office in San Francisco, California.

University of the State of New York
The University of the State of New York (USNY, /ˈjuːzniː/) is the state governmental umbrella organization of New York State, overseeing all educational and cultural institutions, including pre-kindergarten programs, kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, libraries, and museums. It is governed by the Board of Regents.

Despite the name, the University of the State of New York is not an educational institution but rather a governmental licensing and accreditation body that sets standards for schools operating in New York State, from pre-kindergarten through professional and graduate school, as well as for the practice of a wide variety of professions.
1969 CONCACAF Championship
The 1969 CONCACAF Championship was the fourth edition of the CONCACAF Championship, the football championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF). The tournament was held between 23 November to 8 December. Six teams participated in the tournament playing in the round-robin format to determine the winner. A late application by Haiti was rejected.

The event was hosted by Costa Rica in the city of San José. The tournament was won by the host nation, for the second time after 1963, by tying defending champions Guatemala 1–1 in the deciding final match. Mexico used players from a second-level league.

1963 CONCACAF Championship
The 1963 CONCACAF Championship was the inaugural edition of the CONCACAF Championship, the top continental football tournament organized by CONCACAF for senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament was held between 23 March to 7 April. It had 9 participating teams.

The tournament was hosted by El Salvador in the cities of San Salvador and Santa Ana. The nine teams were broken up into one group of five and one group of four; the top two teams of each group would advance to a final group stage, playing in round-robin format to determine the winner. The tournament was won by Costa Rica, who defeated the hosts El Salvador 1–4 in the deciding match of the four-team final group.
Dasymutilla nogalensis
Dasymutilla nogalensis is a species of velvet ant native to North America. The male and female of this species were originally described in 1928 by C. E. Mickel as Dasymutilla atrifulva and Dasymutilla nogalensis, respectively. The two species names were synonymized by Manley and Pitts in 2007. This species is found the southwest, namely the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Sonora, and the American states of Arizona and New Mexico.: 391–392

Velvet ant
Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet ant refers to their resemblance to an ant, and their dense pile of hair, which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold. Their bright colors serve as aposematic signals. They are known for their extremely painful stings, (the sting of the species Dasymutilla klugii rated a 3 on the Schmidt pain index and lasts up to 30 minutes), and has resulted in the common name "cow killer" or "cow ant" being applied to the species Dasymutilla occidentalis. However, mutillids are not aggressive and sting only in defense. In addition, the actual toxicity of their venom is much lower than that of honey bees or harvester ants. Unlike true ants, they are solitary, and lack complex social systems.
Philip I of Macedon
Philip I (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; fl. c. 593 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He was a member of the Argead dynasty and son of Argaeus I. By allowing thirty years for the span of an average generation from the beginning of Archelaus' reign in 413 BC, British historian Nicholas Hammond estimated that Philip ruled around 593 BC.

As king, Philip was noted to be both wise and courageous. He resisted successive invasions by the Illyrians, but was eventually killed in battle against them, leaving the crown to his infant son, Aeropus I. Philip's wife is unknown.

Very little is known of Philip I due to his early status as a king of Macedon. However, his family line would eventually lead to Alexander the Great.

Archelaus of Macedon
Archelaus (/ˌɑːrkɪˈleɪ.əs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρχέλαος, romanized: Archélaos; died 399 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 413 to 399 BC. He was a capable and beneficent ruler, known for the sweeping changes he made in state administration, the military, and commerce. By the time that he died, Archelaus had succeeded in converting Macedon into a significantly stronger power. Thucydides credited Archelaus with doing more for his kingdom's military infrastructure than all of his predecessors together.
Tiradito
Tiradito is a Peruvian dish of raw fish, cut in the shape of sashimi, and of aspect similar to crudo, and carpaccio, in a spicy sauce. It reflects the influence of Japanese immigrants  on Peruvian cuisine. Tiradito differs from ceviche in two ways: tiradito is sliced, while ceviche is cubed; and tiradito is sauced immediately before service, hence raw, while ceviche is marinated beforehand, hence "cooked". Some authors also state that tiradito does not contain onions, but this is not universal.

Common garnishes include sweet potato and boiled corn. Stylized variants may include such ingredients as scallops, and a small amount of searing.

Carpaccio
Carpaccio is a dish of meat or fish (such as beef, veal, venison, salmon or tuna), thinly sliced or pounded thin, and served raw, typically as an appetiser. It was invented in 1950 by Giuseppe Cipriani, founder of Harry's Bar in Venice, Italy, and popularised during the second half of the twentieth century. The beef was served with lemon, olive oil and white truffle or Parmesan cheese. Later, the term was extended to dishes containing other raw meats or fish, thinly sliced and served with lemon or vinegar, olive oil, salt and ground pepper.
Lelievlet
The Lelievlet is the most commonly used steel sailing and rowing boat of the Sea Scouts of Scouting Nederland, it is also used by many Sea Scouts in Flanders and the National Water Activities Centre (NWAC) of Scouting Ireland in Killaloe, Ireland. Its design is based upon the beenhakkervlet, a type of steel dinghy often used with cargo riverboats, and its name is derived from the international Scout logo, the Scout lily.

Sea Scout
Sea Scouts are a part of the Scout movement, with a particular emphasis on boating and other water-based activities on the sea, rivers or lakes (canoeing, rafting, scuba, sailboarding). Sea Scouts can provide a chance to sail, cruise on boats, learn navigation, learn how to work on engines and compete in regattas. Sea Scouts often have distinctive uniforms. In some countries or Scout organisations, Sea Scouting is a programme just for older Scouts. Sea scouts is also the 2nd oldest scout branch.
Equal Pay Amendment Act 2025
The Equal Pay Amendment Act 2025 is a New Zealand omnibus Act of Parliament that raised the threshold for workers to prove historically undervalued work when making a pay equity claim. The bill passed under urgency on 6 May with the support of the governing National, ACT and New Zealand First parties. As a result, 33 current claims, representing thousands of workers, were dropped and have to be refiled. While Prime Minister Christopher Luxon argued that raising the pay equity threshold would save the New Zealand government billions in public spending, Labour Party leader Chris Hipkins criticised the bill for its lack of scrutiny.

Employment Relations Act 2000
The New Zealand Employment Relations Act 2000 (often known by its acronym, ERA) is a statute of the Parliament of New Zealand. It was substantially amended by the Employment Relations (Validation of Union Registration and Other Matters) Amendment Act 2001 and by the ERAA (No 2) 2004.
Lučenec District
Lučenec District (okres Lučenec) is a district in the Banská Bystrica Region of south-central Slovakia. Until 1918, most of the district belonged to the Novohrad county, with a small area around the villages of Šíd, Čamovce and Šurice in the east belonging to the Gemer a Malohont county.

The district is situated in the Southern Slovak Basin, in the broad valley of the Ipeľ River.
The two towns—Lučenec and Fiľakovo—comprise nearly 54% of the population of the district, the remainder living in the 55 surrounding villages.

The district lies on the E571 route (Route 50 in Slovak numbering) from Bratislava to Košice, and on one of the train lines connecting the two cities. Train services also run to Budapest via Fiľakovo. There is a small aerodrome at Boľkovce.

The main industries are food processing and building materials.

Fiľakovo
Fiľakovo (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈfiʎakɔʋɔ]; Hungarian: Fülek, German: Fülleck, Turkish: Filek) is a town in the Banská Bystrica Region of south-central Slovakia. Historically it was located in Nógrád County, as part of the Nógrád, Novohrad, "Newcastle" region.
Fatma Sultan (daughter of Selim II)
Fatma Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: فاطمہ سلطان; c. 1559 – October 1580) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Selim II (reign 1566–1574) of the Ottoman Empire. So she was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (reign 1520–66) and Hürrem Sultan, half-sister of Sultan Murad III (reign 1574–1595) and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III (reign 1595–1603).

Murad III
Murad III (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث, romanized: Murād-i sālis; Turkish: III. Murad; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595.

His rule saw battles with the Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavids. The long-independent Morocco was for a time made a vassal of the empire but regained independence in 1582. His reign also saw the empire's expanding influence on the eastern coast of Africa. However, the empire was beset by increasing corruption and inflation from the New World which led to unrest among the Janissary and commoners. Relations with Elizabethan England were cemented during his reign, as both had a common enemy in the Spanish. He was also a great patron of the arts, commissioning the Siyer-i-Nebi and other illustrated manuscripts.
Late piano sonatas (Beethoven)
The late piano sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven usually refer to the last five piano sonatas the composer composed during his late period.

Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major, Op. 101

Piano Sonata No. 29 in B♭ major, Op. 106 "Hammerklavier"

Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major, Op. 109

Piano Sonata No. 31 in A♭ major, Op. 110

Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111

Some compilations may include Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor, Op. 90 as one of Beethoven's late piano sonatas.

Piano Sonata No. 27 (Beethoven)
Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor, Op. 90 was written in the summer of 1814—Beethoven's late Middle period—and dedicated to Prince Moritz von Lichnowsky, a friend and benefactor who was also the dedicatee of the Eroica Variations.
WASP-84
WASP-84, also known as BD+02 2056, is a G-type main-sequence star 327 light-years (100 parsecs) away in the constellation Hydra. Its surface temperature is 5350±31 K and is slightly enriched in heavy elements compared to the Sun, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.05±0.02. It is rich in carbon and depleted of oxygen. WASP-84's age is probably older than the Sun at 8.5+4.1−5.5 billion years. The star appears to have an anomalously small radius, which can be explained by the unusually high helium fraction or by it being very young.

A multiplicity survey did not detect any stellar companions to WASP-84 as of 2015.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous intimal thickening result in progressive increase in vascular resistance. It is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension, and occurs predominantly in young adults. Together with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, PCH comprises WHO Group I' causes for pulmonary hypertension. Indeed, there is some evidence to suggest that PCH and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease are different forms of a similar disease process.

Pulmonary venoocclusive disease
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by progressive blockage of the small veins in the lungs. The blockage leads to high blood pressures in the arteries of the lungs, which, in turn, leads to heart failure. The disease is progressive and fatal, with median survival of about 2 years from the time of diagnosis to death. The definitive therapy is lung transplantation.
MV American Mariner
MV American Mariner is a diesel-powered lake freighter owned and operated by the American Steamship Company (ASC). This vessel was built in 1980 at Bay Shipbuilding Company, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin and included self-unloading technology.

The ship is 730 feet (220 m) long and 78 feet (24 m) wide, with a carrying capacity of 37,300 tons (at midsummer draft), limestone, grain, coal or iron ore.

Lake freighter
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carriers operating on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships. Freighters typically have a long, narrow hull, a raised pilothouse, and the engine located at the rear of the ship.

Lakers have been used since the late 19th century to haul raw material from docks in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway regions to the industrial centers of Ontario, Quebec, and the American Midwest. The navigation season typically runs from late March through next mid-January due to the formation of ice on the lakes.

The largest lake freighters can travel up to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and can carry as much as 78,850 long tons (80,120 t) of bulk cargo.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank in 1975, became widely known as the largest  vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes.
NHK Kushiro Broadcasting Station
The NHK Kushiro Broadcasting Station (NHK釧路放送局, NHK Kushiro Hōsō Kyoku) is a unit of the NHK that oversees terrestrial broadcasting in far eastern Hokkaido Prefecture, based in Kushiro. Since 2022, it is subordinate to the NHK Obihiro Broadcasting Station.

Kushiro
Kushiro (釧路市, Kushiro-shi) is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Located along the coast of the North Pacific Ocean, it serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island.  As of 31 October 2025, the city had an estimated population of 151,833 in 90771 households, and a population density of 111 people per km2. The total area of the city is 1,363.26 km2 (526.36 sq mi).
HMS Laforey (1913)
HMS Laforey was the lead ship of her class of destroyer built for the Royal Navy. Launched a year before the First World War began, she was attached to the Dover Patrol. Laforey saw action in several engagements with German torpedo boats, including the Battle off Noordhinder Bank and the action of 17 March 1917. Laforey was sunk in 1917 by a British mine after escorting several freighters to France. She was named for Francis Laforey, captain of HMS Spartiate at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

Naval trawler
Naval trawlers are vessels built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes; they were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Some, known in the Royal Navy as "Admiralty trawlers", were purpose-built to naval specifications; others were adapted from civilian use. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust vessels designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather, and had large clear working decks. A minesweeper could be created by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, ASDIC sonar below, and a 3-inch (76 mm) or 4-inch (102 mm) gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties.
Glossary of Arabic toponyms
The glossary of Arabic toponyms gives translations of Arabic terms commonly found as components in Arabic toponyms. A significant number of them were put together during the PEF Survey of Palestine carried out in the second half of the 19th century.

Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic, often known as ad-Dārija to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects.

Maghrebi Arabic has a predominantly Semitic and Arabic vocabulary, although it contains a significant number of Berber loanwords, which represent 2–3% of the vocabulary of Libyan Arabic, 8–9% of Algerian and Tunisian Arabic, and 10–15% of Moroccan Arabic. Maghrebi Arabic was formerly spoken in Al-Andalus and Sicily until the 17th and 13th centuries, respectively, in the extinct forms of Andalusi Arabic and Siculo-Arabic. The Maltese language is believed to have its source in a language spoken in Muslim Sicily that ultimately originates from Tunisia, as it contains some typical Maghrebi Arabic areal characteristics.
Schloss Herzogsfreude
Schloss Herzogsfreude (also known as Joy-le-Duc, the duke’s pleasure) was a late baroque style palace in Röttgen, now a district of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Built as a hunting lodge between 1753 and 1761 for Clemens August of Bavaria, Prince-Elector and Archbishop of Cologne, it stood at the heart of the Kottenforst forest and served as a stage for his elaborate par force hunts. The palace was demolished in 1804 during the Napoleonic era.

Today, only the geometric network of forest avenues and a bronze scale model on the Schlossplatz in Röttgen recall its existence.

Jagdschloss
A Jagdschloss (German pronunciation: [ˈjaːktˌʃlɔs] ⓘ) is a hunting lodge in German-speaking countries. It is a schloss set in a wildlife park or a hunting area (such as a forest, field or by a lake) that served primarily as accommodation for a ruler or aristocrat and his entourage while hunting in the area.
Mehrdad Oladi
Mehrdad Oladi (Persian: مهرداد اولادی, May 25, 1985 – April 19, 2016) was an Iranian footballer who most recently played for Persepolis, Esteghlal, Naft Tehran, Malavan in the Iran Pro League. He usually played in the striker position.

2010–11 Hazfi Cup
The 2010–11 Hazfi Cup was the 24th season of the Iranian football knockout competition.

Persepolis was the defending champion who managed to defend their title. Winning the cup earned qualification to the 2012 AFC Champions League.
ACS Sticla Arieșul Turda
Asociația Club Sportiv Sticla Arieșul Turda, commonly known as Sticla Arieșul Turda, or simply as Arieșul Turda, is a Romanian football club from Turda, Cluj County, currently competing in Liga IV – Cluj County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.

Established in 1922 the club spent most of its history in the second and in the third leagues of Romania. Its best performance was winning the 1960–61 Cupa României against Rapid București. With that performance, the club entered the history of Romanian football as the only club which succeeded to win the Romanian Cup without ever playing in the top league.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Alsophila dregei
Alsophila dregei, synonym Cyathea dregei, (common tree fern or gewone boomvaring in Afrikaans) is a widespread species of tree fern in southern Africa.

Within South Africa, it co-occurs with the indigenous forest tree fern (Gymnosphaera capensis) and the invasive Sphaeropteris cooperi from Australia. Further north, outside of South Africa, it coexists with an additional two tree fern species, A. manniana and A. thomsonii.

This species is locally known as the common South African tree fern or grassland tree fern (in contrast to its relative, the forest tree fern). It is commonly known as the gewone boomvaring in Afrikaans.

Sphaeropteris cooperi
Sphaeropteris cooperi,  synonym Cyathea cooperi, also known as  lacy tree fern, scaly tree fern, coin spot tree fern,  or Cooper's tree fern, is a tree fern native to Australia, in New South Wales and Queensland.
Dan Nistor
Dan Nicolae Nistor (born 6 May 1988) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club Universitatea Cluj.

After starting out in the lower leagues, Nistor made over 90 Liga I appearances for Pandurii Târgu Jiu between 2010 and 2013. His performances earned him a move abroad to Evian, but was used sparingly in France and soon returned to Pandurii. Since 2016, he has spent his career with Romanian clubs Dinamo București, CFR Cluj, Universitatea Craiova, and Universitatea Cluj.

Nistor made his senior international debut for Romania in November 2012, in a 2–1 victory over for Belgium.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
2021 'A' Division National Futsal League
The 2021 'A' Division National Futsal League was the first season of the 'A' Division National Futsal League, the top flight based club futsal league of Nepal. A total of ten teams qualified in the tournament from 18 September to 8 October 2021. Sports Castle Pokhara were crowned as the league winners after defeating Sankhamul Futsal in the final by 4-2.

'A' Division National Futsal League
The 'A' Division National Futsal League  is the professional futsal league in Nepal league organised by Turnpike Event Pvt Ltd in technical support with ANFA. It was founded in 2021 and consists of 10 teams.