hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manx Electric Trailers 44-48
This article details Trailer Nos. 44–48 of the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man.

Supplied by G.F. Milnes & Co., in 1899 each seating 44 passengers, four of five trailers are extant today, however No.45 lost its body during the winter of 2003 and was converted into a flat wagon. The bodywork has however been retained for future use.
No.44 was lost in the Laxey Car Sheds fire of 1930 and was replaced the same year with a new No.44.

Laxey Car Sheds
Laxey Car Shed (Manx: Bwaagyn Charr Laksaa) is a storage facility for the Manx Electric Railway in the village of Laxey on the Isle of Man. It also serves as an intermediate stopping place on the line, being the last before reaching the mid-way point of the village station.
Lateral nuclear group
The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. This nucleus group is one of the three regions of the thalamus which result from trisection by the Y-shaped internal medullary lamina.

The name "lateral nuclear group" is also given to a subset of the lateral group of nuclei which result from trisection by the internal medullary lamina. The lateral nuclear group consists of the following:

lateral dorsal nucleus

lateral posterior nucleus

pulvinar nuclei

The lateral region of the thalamus which results from trisection by the internal medullary lamina also includes the ventral nuclear group and the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.

Medial geniculate nucleus
The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) or medial geniculate body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGN influences the direction and maintenance of attention.
City Hall and Firehouse
The City Hall and Firehouse, built in 1914, is an historic city hall and fire station building located  on the corner of Crawford and Water streets in  Bainbridge, Georgia. It was designed by Atlanta-based architect William Augustus Edwards who designed nine South Carolina courthouses as well as academic buildings at twelve institutions in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. It is a contributing property in the Bainbridge Commercial Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 6 November 1987.

In March 1995, the Bainbridge-Decatur County Arts Council bought the building from the City of Bainbridge. It is now the Firehouse Arts Center.

Bainbridge, Georgia
Bainbridge is a city in Decatur County, Georgia, United States. The city is the county seat of Decatur County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,468, up from 12,697 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Bainbridge, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area and a principal city in the Tallahassee—Bainbridge, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area.
Eriochrome Black T
Eriochrome Black T is a complexometric indicator that is used in complexometric titrations, e.g. in the water hardness determination process. It is an azo dye. Eriochrome is a trademark of Huntsman Petrochemical, LLC.

In its deprotonated form, Eriochrome Black T is blue. It turns red when it forms a complex with calcium, magnesium, or other metal ions.

Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C−N=N−C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group but there are some that contain two or three azo groups, called "diazo dyes" and "triazo dyes" respectively. Azo dyes comprise 60–70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles,  leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.
Abstract economy
In theoretical economics, an abstract economy (also called a generalized N-person game) is a model that generalizes both the standard model of an exchange economy in microeconomics, and the standard model of a game in game theory. An equilibrium in an abstract economy generalizes both a Walrasian equilibrium in microeconomics, and a Nash equilibrium in game-theory.

The concept was introduced by Gérard Debreu in 1952. He named it generalized N-person game, and proved the existence of equilibrium in this game.  Later, Debreu and Kenneth Arrow (who renamed the concept to abstract economy) used this existence result to prove the existence of a Walrasian equilibrium (aka competitive equilibrium) in the Arrow–Debreu model. Later, Shafer and Sonnenschein extended both theorems to irrational agents - agents with non-transitive and non-complete preferences.

Exchange economy
Exchange economy is technical term used in microeconomics research to describe interaction between several agents. In the market, the agent is the subject of exchange and the good is the object of exchange. Each agent brings his/her own endowment, and they can exchange products among them based on a price system. Two types of exchange economy are studied:

In a pure exchange economy, all agents are consumers; there is no production and all agents can do is exchange their initial endowments. In daily research, to avoid research difficulties caused by a large number of consumers and goods, the simple trading conditions of two consumers and two goods are usually assumed.

In contrast, in an exchange economy with production, some or all agents are firms that may also produce new goods.: 313

A major interesting question regarding an exchange economy is if and when the economy attains a competitive equilibrium. Exchange and distribution efficiency are concerned.
Green's function (many-body theory)
In many-body theory, the term Green's function (or Green function) is sometimes used interchangeably with correlation function, but refers specifically to correlators of field operators or creation and annihilation operators.

The name comes from the Green's functions used to solve inhomogeneous differential equations, to which they are loosely related. (Specifically, only two-point "Green's functions" in the case of a non-interacting system are Green's functions in the mathematical sense; the linear operator that they invert is the Hamiltonian operator, which in the non-interacting case is quadratic in the fields.)

Canonical quantization
In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory to the greatest extent possible.

Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac introduced it in his 1926 doctoral thesis, the "method of classical analogy" for quantization, and detailed it in his classic text Principles of Quantum Mechanics. The word canonical arises from the Hamiltonian approach to classical mechanics, in which a system's dynamics is generated via canonical Poisson brackets, a structure which is only partially preserved in canonical quantization.

This method was further used by Paul Dirac in the context of quantum field theory, in his construction of quantum electrodynamics. In the field theory context, it is also called the second quantization of fields, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization of single particles.
Mackenzie Investments
Mackenzie Investments was founded in 1967 and is one of Canada's largest investment management firms by assets under management. Mackenzie Investments provides investment advisory and related services for retail and institutional clients. With $201.1 billion in assets under management, Mackenzie Investments distributes its services through a diversified network of third-party financial advisors. Mackenzie Investments is a member of the IGM Financial Inc. (TSX: IGM) group of companies. IGM Financial is one of Canada's largest financial services companies by assets with over $262 billion in total assets under management. (Note: All figures as of June 30, 2021)

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Radio in Singapore
Public radio broadcasting began in Singapore in April 1925 after the Amateur Wireless Society of Malaya obtained a temporary license to broadcast. Radio Singapura was established as the first local mass market radio service in 1959. Subsequently, on 15 February 1963, before the withdrawal of the British Armed Forces and after the merger with Malaya, Singapore's first television service began as Televisyen Singapura (TV Singapura) under its owner, Radio Television Singapore (RTS).

UFM100.3
UFM100.3 is a Chinese-language radio station of SPH Media based in Singapore, with emphasis on Mandarin songs from the 2000s onward as well as lifestyle programmes.  The station is organised under the Chinese Media Group.
Blepharis dhofarensis
Blepharis dhofarensis is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a shrub that grows to around 5m tall and is found in Oman and Yemen. Blepharis dhofarensis grows on wet escarpment woodlands and it prefers dense thickets on steep slopes. It is threatened by habitat loss. Recent molecular work has placed it in the genus Acanthus instead of Blepharis.

Blepharis
Blepharis is a genus of plant in family Acanthaceae. It contains around 128 species found in seasonally dry to arid habitats from Africa through Arabia to Southeast Asia. In section Acanthodium, there are 13–15 species that use the C4 carbon fixation pathway. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this pathway evolved up to three times independently in the genus over the last five million years.

The genus is named after the Greek word βλεφαρίς (Modern Greek βλεφαρίδα), which means eyelash. Missouri Botanical Garden
Begonia diadema
Begonia diadema is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, native to Costa Rica. It has a rhizomatous growth habit with erect stems, pink flowers, and palmate leaves. In gardens, it prefers shade and blooms in the spring.  For hybridizers, B. diadema is a common parent species in the rex cultorum.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
Cosmo Haskard
Sir Cosmo Dugal Patrick Thomas Haskard KCMG MBE (25 November 1916 – 21 February 2017) was an Irish-born British colonial administrator and British Army officer. As Governor of the Falkland Islands from 1964 to 1970, he played a key role in defeating plans by Harold Wilson's Labour government to cede the sovereignty of the islands to Argentina. He turned 100 in November 2016 and died on 21 February 2017.

Governor of the Falkland Islands
The governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in His Majesty's name and on His Majesty's behalf" as the islands' Viceroy in the absence of the British monarch. The role and powers of the governor are set out in Chapter II of the Falkland Islands Constitution. The governor in office resides at Government House, which serves as the official residence.
St Olave's Church, Gatcombe
St Olave's Church, Gatcombe is a parish church in the Church of England located in Gatcombe, Isle of Wight. It is grouped with Sts Thomas Minster, Newport, St John's, Newport and St Mary's, Carisbrooke.

Sts Thomas Minster
Sts Thomas Minster, Newport Minster or The Minster Church of Sts Thomas, until 2008 Sts Thomas Church, is civically recognised as the main Anglican church on the Isle of Wight. Unusually, it is dedicated to both Thomas Becket and Thomas the Apostle.
Stellaster
Stellaster is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Goniasteridae.

The species of this genus are found in Old World.

Species:

Stellaster albensis Geinitz, 1872

Stellaster childreni Gray, 1840

Stellaster convexus Jangoux, 1981

Stellaster inspinosus H.L.Clark, 1916

Stellaster princeps Sladen, 1889

Stellaster squamulosus (Studer, 1884)

Stellaster tuberculosus (von Martens, 1865)

Goniasteridae
Goniasteridae (the biscuit stars) constitute the largest family of sea stars, included in the order Valvatida. They are mostly deep-dwelling species, but the family also include several colorful shallow tropical species.
Screaming Wings
Screaming Wings is a vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Red Rat Software for the Atari 8-bit, Atari ST, and Amiga. Often compared to Capcom’s classic arcade shooter 1942, Screaming Wings places the player in control of a lone Harrier-like jet fighter on missions behind enemy lines. The game included multilingual documentation (English, German, and French), as well as promotional items such as a Screaming Wings button and poster.

1942 (video game)
1942 is a 1984 vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. Designed by Yoshiki Okamoto, it was the first game in the 194X series, and was followed by 1943: The Battle of Midway.

1942 is set in the Pacific Theater of World War II, and is loosely based on the Battle of Midway. Despite the game being created by Japanese developers, the goal is to reach Tokyo and destroy the Japanese air fleet. This was due to being the first Capcom game designed with Western markets in mind. It went on to be a commercial success in arcades, becoming Japan's fifth highest-grossing table arcade game of 1986 and one of top five highest-grossing arcade conversion kits that year in the United States. It was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System, selling over one million copies worldwide, along with other home systems.
Johnson Park (New Jersey)
Johnson Park is a 473-acre (191 ha) linear park that runs along the northern banks of the Raritan River in the towns of Piscataway and Highland Park, New Jersey. The park's  wide range of facilities included a small zoo, which was closed in April 2022.

The park is maintained and operated by the Middlesex County Parks and Recreation Department.

Johnson Park includes walking trails, athletic fields, picnic areas, and the East Jersey Old Town Village, a reconstructed historical village featuring preserved 18th- and 19th-century structures.

Paths through the park help to connect the East Coast Greenway.

East Jersey Olde Towne Village is adjacent.

Highland Park, New Jersey
Highland Park is a borough in Middlesex County, in the central region of the U.S. state of New Jersey, in the New York City metropolitan area. The borough is located on the northern banks of the Raritan River, in the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 15,072, an increase of 1,090 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 13,982, which in turn had reflected a decline of 17 (−0.1%) from the 13,999 counted at the 2000 census.

Highland Park was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1905, when it broke away from what was then known as Raritan Township (present-day Edison). The borough was named for its location above the Raritan River.
Sean-nós dance in United States
Sean-nós dance in America has its roots in Irish culture, but may be practiced differently from how it is danced in Ireland. When Irish people emigrated to America in great numbers during the early American Colonial period, or when escaping The Troubles in Ireland, they brought their dance culture with them.  One of the many forms of Irish dance is sean-nós dance, which is an informal, spontaneous, solo form of dance.  Sean-nós dance has both modified, and in turn been modified by, similar forms of traditional vernacular solo dance in America.

Jig
The jig (Irish: port, Scottish Gaelic: port-cruinn) is a form of lively folk dance in compound metre, as well as the accompanying dance tune. It first gained popularity across the British Isles in the 16th-century, and was adopted on mainland Europe where it eventually became the final movement of the mature Baroque dance suite (the French gigue; Italian and Spanish giga). Today it is most associated with Irish dance music, Scottish country dance, French Canadian traditional music and dance and the Métis people in Canada. Jigs were originally in quadruple compound metre, (e.g., 128 time), but have been adapted to a variety of time signatures, by which they are often classified into groups, including double jigs (68), slip jigs (98) and single jigs (128).
Hawthornden apple
Hawthornden or Hawthorndean is an apple cultivar that is used for cooking.  It is also known as Wheeler's Kernel, Lincolnshire Pippin, and Lord Kingston, and has been incorrectly known as Maiden's Blush and Hawley.

Maiden Blush apple
Maiden Blush or Maiden's Blush, also called Lady Blush and Red Cheek, is an apple cultivar used for both fresh eating and for cooking. It was previously a popular apple for drying, for which it is especially well suited due to its low juice content.
Back in Black (Cypress Hill album)
Back in Black is the tenth studio album by American hip hop group Cypress Hill. It was released on March 18, 2022.

The album includes 10 tracks. Unlike Elephants on Acid (2018), the group's previous album, which was produced by DJ Muggs, this album was solely produced by Black Milk.

Elephants on Acid
Elephants on Acid is the ninth studio album by American hip hop group Cypress Hill, and is the group's first studio album in eight years following Rise Up making it the group's longest gap between albums. The album was released on September 28, 2018. The album includes 21 tracks. Unlike Rise Up, the group's last album, which was produced by a number of people, this album is fully produced by DJ Muggs.

Despite serving as an interlude, "Muggs Is Dead" was released as a second single of the album on August 23 and received an animated video created by Felix Colgrave.
Small finance bank
Small finance banks (SFB) are a type of niche banks in India. Banks with a SFB license can provide basic banking service of acceptance of deposits and lending. The aim behind these is to provide financial inclusion to sections of the economy not being served by other banks, such as small business units, small and marginal farmers, micro and small industries and unorganised sector entities.

Equity (finance)
In finance, equity is an ownership interest in property that may be subject to debts or other liabilities. Equity is measured for accounting purposes by subtracting liabilities from the value of the assets owned. For example, if someone owns a car worth $24,000 and owes $10,000 on the loan used to buy the car, the difference of $14,000 is equity. Equity can apply to a single asset, such as a car or house, or to an entire business. A business that needs to start up or expand its operations can sell its equity in order to raise cash that does not have to be repaid on a set schedule.

When liabilities attached to an asset exceed its value, the difference is called a deficit and the asset is informally said to be "underwater" or "upside-down". In government finance or other non-profit settings, equity is known as "net position" or "net assets".
HE 0435−1223
HE 0435−1223 is a quadruple-lensed quasar and rare Einstein Cross located in the constellation Eridanus at a distance of approximately 2.33 billion light years away from Earth. HE 0435−1223 was discovered in October 2008 by astronomer Patrick Foley during a study and search for gravitational quadruple lenses in deep sky objects.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
John Lennon Artificial Intelligence Project
The John Lennon Artificial Intelligence Project is a chatbot designed to simulate a conversation with John Lennon, in development since 1997. It was developed as a "Persona-Bot" by Triumph PC Online, based in Washington, D.C.  Triumph PC's "Persona-Bots" are software programs that attempt to mimic the personalities or quirks of particular historical figures in conversation. The code is based on Richard Wallace's Alicebot.

The JLAI Project (originally called the Plastic Digital Karma Project) developed the chatbot as one of several "Persona-Bots". The Austin Chronicle described the software in 2003 as giving a "lifelike impersonation" of Lennon, but felt that it had "a way to go" before it would feel like a conversation with a real person.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
K27/28 Beijing-Dandong-Pyongyang through train
China Railways K27/28 is an international train running between Beijing and Pyongyang. It commenced operations on the 21 May 1954. The train is numbered differently depending on the section of its journey. The cross-border section is numbered 95/85 and the Sinuiju–Pyongyang section 51/52. The train, operated by China Railway, departs Beijing on Mondays and Thursdays, taking about 24 hours to arrive, and returns from Pyongyang every Wednesday and Saturday, taking about 23 hours. Since 10 October 1983, the Korean State Railway also contributes trains to this service, departing every Monday and Thursday from Pyongyang, and returning from Beijing every Wednesday and Saturday.

Korean State Railway
The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of North Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성; MR: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏltosŏng), commonly called the State Rail (Korean: 국철; MR: Kukch'ŏl). Its headquarters are in P'yŏngyang. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun-song.