hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David MacBrayne
David MacBrayne is a limited company owned by the Scottish Government. Formed in 1851 as the private shipping company David Hutcheson & Co. with three partners, David Hutcheson, Alexander Hutcheson and David MacBrayne, it passed in 1878 to David MacBrayne.

It became the main carrier for freight and passengers in the Hebrides, with a co-ordinated network of shipping, road haulage and bus operations. In 1973, it was merged with Caledonian Steam Packet Company as state-owned Caledonian MacBrayne. Since 2006 it has been the holding company for ferry operators CalMac Ferries Ltd (operating as Caledonian MacBrayne) and Argyll Ferries, and is classified as an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government.

Ardrishaig
Ardrishaig /ɑːrˈdrɪʃɪɡ/ ⓘ (Scottish Gaelic: Àird Driseig) is a coastal village on Loch Gilp, at the southern (eastern) entrance to the Crinan Canal in Argyll and Bute in the west of Scotland. It lies immediately to the south of Lochgilphead, with the nearest larger town being Oban.
HNoMS Tyr (1887)
HNoMS Tyr was a Gor-class Rendel gunboat built for the Royal Norwegian Navy at Karljohansverns Verft Naval Yard in Horten. She was laid down in 1884 and launched in 1887 with build number 67. Tyr was one of a class of two gunboats - the other ship in her class being HNoMS Gor. Gor and Tyr can be seen as improved Vale-class gunboats, of 290 tons instead of the 250 tons standard for that class.

Captured during the German invasion of Norway, she was pressed into service in an attempt to mine Sognefjord. After attacks by Norwegian aircraft and ships she took no further part in the conflict. After the war she was returned briefly to the Royal Norwegian Navy then entered civilian service in a number of roles over the years.

Vale-class gunboat
The Vale class was a class of five Rendel (or "flat-iron") gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1874 and 1878. Small, nimble vessels, they were armed with a single large calibre muzzle-loading gun for offensive purposes and several small, quick firing guns for self-defence.
Jerzy Łucki
Jerzy Michał Łucki (24 September 1898 – 18 September 1939) was a Polish bobsledder, military officer and athlete. He competed in the four-man event at the 1928 Winter Olympics.

Łucki was a military officer, serving initially in the Polish Legions, then in the Polish Army. He was an active athlete in his military unit and the Pogoń Lwów athletics team, winning the bronze medal at the Polish Athletics Championships twice in shot put (1923, 1927) and once in hammer throw (1923).

After the Soviet invasion of Poland he fought in the defence of Lwów. Łucki most likely died on 18 September 1939 in Kuty, Stanisławów Voivodeship, while evacuating his unit over the border to Romania. He was awarded the Cross of Independence.

Cross of Independence
Cross of Independence (Polish: Krzyż Niepodległości) was the second highest Polish military decoration between World Wars I and II. It was awarded to individuals who had fought actively for the independence of Poland, and was released in three classes.
Abergwaun Stakes
The Abergwaun Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Tipperary over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.

The race was first run in 2003.

Tipperary Racecourse
Tipperary Racecourse is a horse racing venue in County Tipperary, Ireland which stages both National Hunt and Flat racing. The course is located adjacent to Limerick Junction railway station and approximately two miles from Tipperary town. Tipperary Racecourse is owned by Horse Racing Ireland. The course is left-handed and flat and measures one mile and two furlongs round. There is a five furlong sprint track which joins the main racecourse at the start of the straight.
Commerce National Insurance
Commerce National Insurance, Commerce National Insurance Services, or Commerce Insurance Services is the insurance subsidiary of Commerce Bancorp and maintains its headquarters in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Commerce National is one of the 25 largest insurance agencies in the United States, and is licensed in all 50 states. The current chief executive of Commerce National is George Norcross III.

Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Cherry Hill is a township within Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As a suburb of Philadelphia, the township is part of the South Jersey and Delaware Valley regions. Cherry Hill Township grew during the mid-20th century suburbanization, becoming one of the Delaware Valley's main commercial centers, including the Cherry Hill Mall. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 74,553.
Marriage in Europe
Marriage in Europe includes:

Western European marriage pattern

Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe

Marriage in Austria

Marriage in Cyprus

Marriage in the Czech Republic

Marriage in Germany

Marriage in Greece

Marriage in the Republic of Ireland

Marriage in Poland

Marriage in Russia

Marriage in Slovakia

Marriage in Spain

Marriage in Turkey

Marriage in the United Kingdom
Marriage in England and Wales
Marriage in Northern Ireland
Marriage in Scotland

Marriage in Cyprus
Marriage in Cyprus is allowed for both Cyprus citizens and foreigners. It may be performed by civil or religious authorities. Around 20,000 Israelis marry in Cyprus annually, many of them seeking to avoid restrictions on marriage in Israel.

For Lebanese inter-religious couples, a secular civil marriage in Cyprus is an option that allows both partners to retain their respective religions, while circumventing religious and sectarian laws and social norms in Lebanon.
Dilling Station
Dilling Station (Norwegian: Dilling stasjon) is a former railway station on the Østfold Line, located at Dilling in Rygge, Norway. Since 1983, it is no longer used for passenger transport. The distance from Dilling station to Oslo is 65.34 kilometres.

Rygge
Rygge was a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.  It was merged into Moss municipality on 1 January 2020. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rygge.  Rygge was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

The emblem of Rygge is the Pasque flower.  Rygge is connected to Oslo by double-tracked railway, and four-lane freeway.

Rygge was served by Moss Airport, which has not been operational since 2016.
Deaths in December 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
The Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (北海道日本ハムファイターズ, Hokkaidō Nippon-Hamu Faitāzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team based in Kitahiroshima, Hokkaidō, in the Sapporo metropolitan area. They compete in the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball, playing the majority of their home games at ES CON Field Hokkaido. The Fighters also host a select number of regional home games in cities across Hokkaidō, including Hakodate, Asahikawa, Kushiro, and Obihiro. The team's name comes from its parent organization, Nippon Ham, a major Japanese food-processing company.

Founded in 1946, the Fighters called Tokyo home for 58 years, as co-tenants of the Tokyo Dome and Korakuen Stadium with the Central League's Yomiuri Giants near the end of their tenure in the capital city. The franchise has won three Japan Series titles, in 1962, 2006, and, most recently, 2016.
Shōhō-ji (Gifu)
Shōhō-ji (正法寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Ōbaku school of Buddhism in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is a branch temple of Mampuku-ji in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture. The temple has many aspects of the Ōbaku school, but its building style and sacraments are in the Chinese style. Additionally, it is much larger than the average Japanese temple. The temple's official name is Kinpōzan Shōhō-ji (金鳳山正法寺).

Manpuku-ji
Manpuku-ji (Japanese: 萬福寺) is a Buddhist temple located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, approximately a 5-minute walk from JR Ōbaku Station・Keihan Ōbaku Station. It is the head temple of the Japanese Ōbaku Zen school, and named after Wanfu Temple in Fujian, China. The mountain is likewise named after Mount Huangbo, where the Chinese temple is situated.
Defence Judge Advocate Corps (Denmark)
The Military Prosecution Service or Judge Advocate General's Corps (Danish: Forsvarets Auditørkorps, short FAUK) is a Danish independent military prosecutor and the legal branch of the Danish military. It is a Level.I command and is under the Ministry of Defence. The Judge Advocate General (Danish: Generalauditør) heads the Defence Judge Advocate Corps. It is located at Kastellet in Copenhagen.

The Judge Advocate General and Judge Advocates are members of the military system, but outside the military rank system. The Chief of Defence, otherwise the commander of all Danish military personnel, does not have authority over Judge advocates prosecutors.

In a military criminal case the Defence Judge Advocate Corps conducts investigation and decides whether or not a charge should be brought up.

Ministry of Defence (Denmark)
The Danish Ministry of Defence (Danish: Forsvarsministeriet, short FMN) is a ministry in the Danish government. It is charged with overall planning, development, and strategic guidance of the entire area of responsibility of the Minister of Defence, including the Danish Armed Forces and the emergency management sector. It is Denmark's ministry of defence and serves as the secretariat of the Danish Defence Minister.

It is also the administrator of the easternmost land in Denmark, the small archipelago, Ertholmene, whose administrator is employed by the ministry.
Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Tigaon, officially the Municipality of Tigaon (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Tigaon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tigaon), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 61,790 people.

It is known for its scenic rivers, caves, and waterfalls, making it a good place for outdoor activities like hiking, camping, and wildlife watching.

Aeta people
Aeta (Ayta /ˈaɪtə/ EYE-tə), Agta and Dumagat, are collective terms for several indigenous peoples who live in various parts of Luzon islands in the Philippines. They are included in the wider Negrito grouping of South and Southeast Asia, with whom they share superficial common physical characteristics such as: dark skin tones; short statures; frizzy to curly hair; and a higher frequency of naturally lighter hair colour (blondism) relative to the general population. They are thought to be among the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines—preceding the Austronesian migrations. Regardless, the modern Aeta populations have significant Austronesian admixture, and speak Austronesian languages.

Aeta communities were historically nomadic hunter-gatherers, typically consisting of approximately one to five families per mobile group. Groups under the "Aeta" umbrella term are normally referred to after their geographic locations or their common languages.
Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes
Charles IV in his Hunting Clothes is an oil on canvas painting of 1799 by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya, the second of his two portraits of King Charles IV of Spain.

While Goya devotes a great deal of attention to his depiction of the king's sash and cloth, he emphasises his weakness in his rendering of a near-portly belly and indecisive stare. The art critic Robert Hughes describes a "big nosed face, framed in the tricorned hat like the head of an affable turtle poking from its shell".  It is part of the Spanish national collection, now displayed in the Royal Palace of Madrid.

During his career, Goya depicted both father and son in hunting dress. The inspiration for the older man's outfit is probably taken from Velázquez's portrait of Philip IV, which the artist would have the opportunity to see as then court painter. Goya pays tribute to Titian's  Portrait of Charles V with a dog by depicting a dog loyally sniffing at the royal crotch.

Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV (Spanish: Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego de Borbón y Sajonia; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808.

The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. He detested his son and heir Ferdinand, who led the unsuccessful El Escorial Conspiracy and later forced Charles's abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez in March 1808, along with ousting Charles's widely hated first minister Manuel Godoy. Summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon Bonaparte, who forced Ferdinand VII to abdicate, Charles IV also abdicated, paving the way for Napoleon to place his elder brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Spain. The reign of Charles IV turned out to be a major negative turning point in Spanish history.
Language equation
Language equations are mathematical statements that resemble numerical equations, but the variables assume values of formal languages rather than numbers. Instead of arithmetic operations in numerical equations, the variables are joined by language operations. Among the most common operations on two languages A and B are the set union A ∪ B, the set intersection A ∩ B, and the concatenation A⋅B. Finally, as an operation taking a single operand, the set A* denotes the Kleene star of the language A. Therefore, language equations can be used to represent formal grammars, since the languages generated by the grammar must be the solution of a system of language equations.

Kleene star
In formal language theory, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) refer to two related unary operations, that can be applied either to an alphabet of symbols or to a formal language, a set of strings (finite sequences of symbols).

The Kleene star operator on an alphabet V generates the set V* of all finite-length strings over V, that is, finite sequences whose elements belong to V; in mathematics, it is more commonly known as the free monoid construction. The Kleene star operator on a language L generates another language L*, the set of all strings that can be obtained as a concatenation of zero or more members of L. In both cases, repetitions are allowed.

The Kleene star operators are named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, who first introduced and widely used it to characterize automata for regular expressions.
Acts 1
Acts 1 is the first chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter functions as a transition from the "former account" (that is, the Gospel of Luke) with a narrative prelude (verses 1–5), repeated record of the ascension of Jesus Christ with more detail (verses 6–11) and the meeting of Jesus' followers (verses 12–26), until before Pentecost.

Psalm 109
Psalm 109 is a psalm in the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and in the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 108. In Latin, it is known as "Deus, laudem". It is attributed to King David and noted for containing some of the most severe curses in the Bible, such as verses 12 and 13. It has traditionally been called the "Judas Psalm" or "Iscariot Psalm" for an interpretation relating verse 8 to Judas Iscariot's punishment as noted in the New Testament.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.
2019–20 Isthmian League
The 2019–20 season was the 105th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England. This was the second season to consist of four divisions after the league reorganised the former South Division into the new South Central and South East divisions.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this season's competition was formally abandoned on 26 March 2020, with all results from the season being expunged, and no promotion or relegation taking place to, from, or within the competition. On 30 March 2020, sixty-six non-league clubs sent an open letter to the Football Association requesting that they reconsider their decision. A legal appeal against the decision, funded by South Shields of the Northern Premier League, was dismissed in June 2020.

2018–19 Southern Football League
The 2018–19 season was the 116th in the history of the Southern League since its establishment in 1894. The league (known as Evo-Stik League Southern, following a sponsorship deal with Evo-Stik) has two Premier divisions (Central and South) at step 3 of the National League System (NLS) and two Division One divisions (Central and South) at step 4 of the NLS.

This was the first season to consist of four divisions in the league, following a shakeup of the Southern, Isthmian, and Northern Premier Leagues divisions by geographical region. The Southern League was chosen to create a new division at Step 3; the 21 clubs remaining from the Premier Division the previous season were split into two new Premier divisions; Central and South. The league constitution was announced in May 2018.
Scottish County Championship
The Scottish County Championship was a cricket competition which ran between 1902 and 1995, administered by the Scottish Cricket Union from 1908 onwards. The championship was founded after proposals from Perthshire and was seen as a formalised version of the county game in Scotland, which had been taking place unofficially for several years.

Cricket in Scotland
Cricket has a considerably lower profile in Scotland than it has in neighbouring England. Scotland is not one of the twelve leading cricketing nations which play Test matches, but the Scottish national team is now allowed to play full One Day Internationals even outside the Cricket World Cup, in which Scotland competed in 1999, 2007, and 2015. Scotland has a well established recreational cricket structure. In 2016 it was estimated that around 17,000 people play cricket in Scotland. At international level, Scotland is ranked as one of the highest 'associate' (non Test) teams, and has historic rivalries both with its neighbouring full members England and Ireland, and fellow high ranked associate, Netherlands.
Greatest Hits TV
Greatest Hits TV was a British satellite TV music channel owned by UltimateHits Limited. The channel is ultimately owned by All Around the World Productions, a British record label who also operated Channel AKA, Clubland TV and Planet Pop.

Now 70s
Now 70s (formerly Channel U, Channel AKA, Massive R&B and Total Country) is a British free-to-air music television channel, owned by All Around the World Productions, available through Sky UK, Freeview and Virgin Media within the UK and through Local Now within the US. It focuses on music from the 1970s, being the third decade-oriented channel in the Now portfolio, along with Now 80s and Now 90s & 00s.
Sarbahara railway station
Sarbahara railway station is a railway station on Bilaspur–Katni line under Bilaspur railway division of South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated beside Pendra-Paterkoni Road at Sarbahara in Bilaspur district in the Indian state of Chattisgargh.

Bilaspur railway division
Bilaspur railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters is located at Bilaspur in the state of Chhattisgarh of India.

Nagpur SEC railway division and Raipur railway division are the other two railway divisions under SECR Zone headquartered at Bilaspur.
Nagybakónak
Nagybakónak is a village in Zala County, Hungary. It is located in the far west of the country, between the western end of Lake Balaton and the border with Croatia. The village is 15 kilometres to the north of the city of Nagykanizsa, and eight kilometres west of the spa town of Zalakaros.

Nagykanizsa
Nagykanizsa (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnɒckɒniʒɒ]; Croatian: Velika Kaniža/Velika Kanjiža, or just Kaniža/Kanjiža; German: Großkirchen, Groß-Kanizsa; Italian: Canissa; Slovene: Velika Kaniža; Turkish: Kanije), known colloquially as Kanizsa, is a medium-sized city in Zala County in southwestern Hungary. It is a city with county rights.

It lies not far from Lake Balaton at the meeting point of five routes. For centuries the town has been a connecting link. Goods from Slavonia were transported to Graz via Nagykanizsa, and the town played an important role in the trade from the Adriatic Sea to the Alpine region, Vienna, and Budapest.
Lanthanum manganite
Lanthanum manganite is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, often abbreviated as LMO. Lanthanum manganite is formed in the perovskite structure, consisting of oxygen octahedra with a central Mn atom. The cubic perovskite structure is distorted into an orthorhombic structure by a strong Jahn–Teller distortion of the oxygen octahedra.

LaMnO3 often has lanthanum vacancies as evidenced by neutron scattering. For this reason, this material is usually referred as LaMnO3+ẟ. These vacancies generate a structure with a rhombohedral unit cell in this perovskite. A temperatures below 140 K, this LaMnO3+ẟ semiconductor exhibit a ferromagnetic order.

Perovskite (structure)
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856). In addition to being one of the most abundant structural families, perovskites have wide-ranging properties and applications.
Equirria
The Equirria (also as Ecurria, from equicurria, "horse races") were two ancient Roman festivals of chariot racing, or perhaps horseback racing, held in honor of the god Mars, one 27 February and the other 14 March.

Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized. Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans. This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Christian Church. This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.

For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities. For public religious holidays, see Roman festivals. For temples see the List of Ancient Roman temples. Individual landmarks of religious topography in ancient Rome are not included in this list; see Roman temple.