hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Octatonic scale
An octatonic scale is any eight-note musical scale. However, the term most often refers to the ancohemitonic symmetric scale composed of alternating whole and half steps, as shown in the accompanying image. In classical theory (in contrast to jazz theory), this symmetrical scale is commonly called the octatonic scale (or the octatonic collection), although there are a total of 43 enharmonically inequivalent, transpositionally inequivalent eight-note sets.

The earliest systematic treatment of the octatonic scale was in Edmond de Polignac's unpublished treatise "Étude sur les successions alternantes de tons et demi-tons (Et sur la gamme dite majeure-mineure)" (Study of the Succession of Alternating Whole Tones and Semitones (and of the so-called Major-Minor Scale)) from c. 1879, which preceded Vito Frazzi's Scale alternate per pianoforte of 1930 by 50 years.

Set (music)
In music theory, as in mathematics (see set) and general parlance, a set (pitch set, pitch-class set, set class, set form, set genus, pitch collection) is a collection of objects. In musical set theory, the term set is traditionally applied most often to collections of pitches or pitch-classes, but theorists have extended its use to other types of musical entities, so that one may speak of sets of durations or timbres as well, for example.

A set by itself does not necessarily possess any additional structure, such as an ordering or permutation. Nevertheless, it is often musically important to consider sets that are equipped with an order relation (called segments); in such contexts, bare sets are often referred to as unordered, for the sake of emphasis.

A time-point set is a duration set where the distance in time units between attack points, or time-points, is the distance in semitones between pitch classes.
William (footballer, born 1968)
William César de Oliveira (born 17 October 1968) is a Brazilian former international footballer. He has played for several domestic club teams in Brazil such as Vasco Esporte Clube, Flamengo, Fluminense FC, Clube Atlético Mineiro etc.

William was part of the Brazilian U17 football team at the inaugural edition of the FIFA U-16 World Championship (now known as FIFA U17 World Cup) in 1985. He played a vital role in Brazil's third-place finish at the first edition of the Youth FIFA World Cup with scoring 5 goals in the entire tournament. He was awarded the Golden Ball at the 1985 World Cup as he was the second leading goal scorer in the tournament just behind Marcel Witeczek of Germany.

Marcel Witeczek
Marcel Witeczek (born 18 October 1968) is a German former professional footballer who played mostly as an attacking midfielder.

Over the course of 15 seasons, he played in 410 Bundesliga games (50 goals; 474/59 counting both major levels of German football), representing four teams, including league powerhouse Bayern Munich, with whom he won his only titles.
Joseph R. Inge
Lieutenant General Joseph Richard Inge (August 20, 1947 – March 23, 2023) was an officer of the United States Army. He served as Deputy Commander, United States Northern Command, and Vice Commander, United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado in 2007. He retired in 2007, after a 38-year career.

As Deputy Commander, United States Northern Command, Inge helped lead the command responsible to deter, prevent and defeat threats and aggression aimed at the United States, its territories and interests within the assigned area of responsibility and, as directed by the President or Secretary of Defense, provide defense support of civil authorities including consequence management operations.

United States Army Command and General Staff College
The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or USACGSC) is a staff college for United States Army located at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers.

In 1907 it changed its title to the School of the Line. The curriculum expanded throughout World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts. It provides Professional Military Education to officers of the United States Army, as well as foreign military officers.

In addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Fort Lee, Virginia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The college also maintains a distance-learning modality for some of its instruction.
PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay
The PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay is a 3.5-inch drive bay of the PlayStation 2 gaming console that was introduced with the model 30000 and 50000 (replacing the PCMCIA slot used in the models 10000, 15000 and 18000, and removed with the slimline model 70000). The bay is designed for the network adaptor and internal hard disk drive (HDD). These peripherals enhance the capabilities of the PS2 to allow online play and other features that were shown at E3 2001.

Nobunaga's Ambition
Nobunaga's Ambition (信長の野望, Nobunaga no Yabō) is a series of turn-based grand strategy role-playing simulation video games developed and published by Koei (now Koei Tecmo). The original game was one of the first in its genre, being released in March 1983 in Japan. Nobunaga's Ambition takes place during the Sengoku period of feudal Japan. The player is tasked with achieving the ultimate goal of warlord Oda Nobunaga: the conquest and unification of Japan. Selecting Oda Nobunaga is optional, however, as the player is also able to choose from a variety of other regional daimyōs of the time.

Games in the series have been released for Windows, MS-DOS, the Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Genesis, 3DO, Super NES, PlayStation, Saturn, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Switch 2, Mac, MSX, and Amiga. As of March 2018, the series has shipped more than 10 million copies  worldwide.
Grant Conard
Grant Conard (August 5, 1867 – November 5, 1919) was an American Republican politician from California.

Grant Conard was born on August 5, 1867, in LaSalle County, Illinois. He was a real estate developer. He was mayor of San Diego during 1909–1911, and from 1915 to 1917 he served in the California State Assembly for the 79th district.

Conard died November 5, 1919, in San Diego, aged 52.

Residence of Grant Conard

Mayor of San Diego
The mayor of the City of San Diego is the official head and chief executive officer of the U.S. city of San Diego, California. The mayor has the duty to enforce and execute the laws enacted by the San Diego City Council, the legislative branch. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms.

There have been 36 people who have served as mayor in San Diego since 1850, when California became a state following the Conquest of California. Prior to the conquest, Californios served as mayor of San Diego during the Spanish and Mexican eras since 1780. From 1852 to 1888, the city was run by a board of trustees and there was no elected mayor. However, the president of the board was called mayor as a courtesy.

The most recent election was held in November 2024, and Todd Gloria was re-elected as the 37th mayor of San Diego.
2017–18 Indiana State Sycamores women's basketball team
The 2017–18 Indiana State Sycamores women's basketball team represented Indiana State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Sycamores, led by interim head coach Josh Keister, played their home games at the Hulman Center and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 11–19, 9–9 in MVC play to finish in fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Missouri Valley women's tournament to Southern Illinois.

2017 Missouri Valley Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2017 Missouri Valley Conference women's basketball tournament (also known as the Hoops in the Heartland Tournament) is part of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season and will be played in Moline, Illinois March 9–12, 2017, at the iWireless Center. The tournament's winner will receive the Missouri Valley Conference's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA tournament.
On the German Republic
"On the German Republic" (German: Von deutscher Republik) is a work by Thomas Mann variously described as a lecture or an essay or a mixture of both forms which was first publicly delivered by its author on 13 October 1922 in the Berlin Beethoven Auditorium and subsequently published as a stand-alone work in 1923.

The work marked a turning point for Mann from criticism to support of the young Weimar Republic. The work has sometimes been noted as Mann's most famous speech.

Gerhart Hauptmann
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (German: [ˈɡeːɐ̯haʁt ˈhaʊptman] ⓘ; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.
Loss aversion
In cognitive science and behavioral economics, loss aversion refers to a cognitive bias in which the same situation is perceived as worse if it is framed as a loss, rather than a gain. It should not be confused with risk aversion, which describes the rational behavior of valuing an uncertain outcome at less than its expected value.

When defined in terms of the pseudo-utility function as in cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the left-hand of the function increases much more steeply than gains, thus being more "painful" than the satisfaction from a comparable gain. Empirically, losses tend to be treated as if they were twice as large as an equivalent gain. Loss aversion was first proposed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman as an important component of prospect theory.

Lottery (decision theory)
In expected utility theory, a lottery is a discrete distribution of probability on a set of states of nature. The elements of a lottery correspond to the probabilities that each of the states of nature will occur, (e.g. Rain: 0.70, No Rain: 0.30). Much of the theoretical analysis of choice under uncertainty involves characterizing the available choices in terms of lotteries.

In economics, individuals are assumed to rank lotteries according to a rational system of preferences, although it is now accepted that people make irrational choices systematically.  Behavioral economics studies what happens in markets in which some of the agents display human complications and limitations.
Subaru 1000
The Subaru 1000 is a car produced by the Japanese company Fuji Heavy Industries from 1966 to 1969, and until 1972 as the FF-1 (also sold as the Subaru Star). It was the first front-engine, front-wheel drive Subaru, and also the first Subaru in the Japanese government "compact car" classification. Previous Subaru models such as the Subaru 360 and the Sambar had been rear-engined, rear-wheel drive kei cars.

It was the first production Subaru to use a boxer engine, and one of Japan's first front wheel drive cars.

Torsion bar suspension
A torsion bar suspension, also known as a torsion spring suspension, is any vehicle suspension that uses a torsion bar as its main weight-bearing spring. One end of a long metal bar is attached firmly to the vehicle chassis; the opposite end terminates in a lever, the torsion key, mounted perpendicular to the bar, that is attached to a suspension arm, a spindle, or the axle. Vertical motion of the wheel causes the bar to twist around its axis and is resisted by the bar's torsion resistance. The effective spring rate of the bar is determined by its length, cross section, shape, material, and manufacturing process.
Žestilac
Žestilac (Chakavian: Žestiloc) is a village located on the Croatian island of Krk. It is part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 11 inhabitants. It is connected by road to the nearby villages of Polje and Sveti Vid Dobrinjski.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Mount Notre Dame High School
Mount Notre Dame High School (MND) is a Catholic, college-preparatory high school for young women. The school is affiliated with the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur as a part of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati.

Archdiocese of Cincinnati
The Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidiœcesis Cincinnatensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the State of Ohio. The archbishop is Robert Casey. The mother church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati.
1970s Hong Kong student protests
During the 1970s in Hong Kong, university campuses experienced a period of heated political discussion and debate, referred to as the "fiery era" of the Hong Kong student protests.

In this period, university students — mainly from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Hong Kong — could be divided into three major factions according to their political stances: the Maoist faction, the social action faction, and the Trotskyist and anarchist faction. Many activists in those student protests later became key figures in Hong Kong's political, journalistic or cultural sectors.

1970s in Hong Kong
Hong Kong in the 1970s underwent many changes that shaped its future, led for most of the decade by its longest-serving and reform-minded Governor, Murray MacLehose. Economically, it reinvented itself from a manufacturing base into a financial centre.
Charles McDonald (Irish politician)
Charles McDonald (born 11 June 1935) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician. He was a Senator from 1961 to 1973 and from 1977 to 1992, a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1973 to 1977, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1973 to 1979.

Cathaoirleach
The cathaoirleach (/kəˈhɪərləx/ ⓘ; Irish for chairperson; plural: Cathaoirligh) is the chair (or presiding officer) of Seanad Éireann, the sixty-member upper house of the Oireachtas, the legislature of Ireland. The current cathaoirleach is Fianna Fáil senator Mark Daly, who has held the office since 12 February 2025.
Gettysburg station
The Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station, also known as the "Gettysburg Train Station," "Lincoln Train Station" or "Western Maryland Railroad Station," is a historic train station with depot, platform, museum and offices on Carlisle Street in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Operable from 1858 to 1942, it contributes to the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District and is most notable as President Abraham Lincoln's point of arrival on November 18, 1863 and departure, following delivery of the Gettysburg Address. The station served as both a hospital during the battle and hub for outgoing wounded soldiers and incoming resources and supplies following the end of the war. On 2015, following several years of delays, the station, which was originally owned by the Borough of Gettysburg but was bought by the Gettysburg Foundation, the non-profit partner to the National Park Service, was placed under the purview of the National Park Service.

Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District
The Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District is a district of contributing properties and over 1000 historic contributing structures and 315 historic buildings, located in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1975. Most of the contributing elements of the Gettysburg Battlefield are on the protected federal property within the smaller Gettysburg National Military Park.

Historic structures include the Battle of Gettysburg monuments and memorials.  Historic buildings range from a 1776 Colonial tavern to a vacant 1962 Modernist museum (Demolished in 2013).  Contributing structures include postbellum artifacts such as the 1895 Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin, the 1893 Electric Trolley Bed, and the only remaining Tipton Boundary Marker.
Chicago '94
Chicago '94 is a live album by the rock band Phish. It contains two complete concerts on six CDs, and was recorded at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois on June 18 and November 25, 1994. It was released by JEMP Records on July 31, 2012.

The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday
The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday (often abbreviated as TMWSIY) is a 1988 concept album written by Trey Anastasio, the guitarist and lead vocalist of the American rock band Phish, as his senior thesis while attending Goddard College. Completed in July 1988, the thesis included an essay piece and collection of songs (recorded by Phish) relating an epic tale from the band's fictional land of Gamehendge.
Rosa 'Shropshire Lass'
Rosa 'Shropshire Lass'   is a tall pink shrub rose cultivar, bred by British rose breeder David C. H. Austin, and introduced into the UK by David Austin Roses Limited (UK) in 1968.
'Shropshire Lass' was one of Austin's earliest shrub roses, and a precursor to Austin's English rose collection.

Hybrid tea rose
Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. The first hybrid tea roses were created in France in the mid-1800s, by cross-breeding the large, floriferous hybrid perpetuals with the tall, elegant tea roses. The hybrid tea is the oldest class of modern garden roses. Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between their parents, being hardier than the often delicate tea roses, and with a better ability for repeat-flowering than the more robust hybrid perpetuals.

Hybrid tea flowers are well-formed with large, high-centred buds, supported by long, straight and upright stems. Each flower can grow to 8–12.5 cm wide. Hybrid teas are the largest and most popular group of rose, due to their elegant form and large variety of colours. Their flowers are usually borne singly at the end of long stems which also makes them very popular as cut flowers.
Vlatko Andonovski
Vlatko Andonovski (Macedonian: Влатко Андоновски; born 14 September 1976) is a Macedonian-American association football manager and former player who is the sporting director and most recent head coach of the Kansas City Current of the National Women's Soccer League. He was the head coach of the United States women's national team from 2019 to 2023.

Andonovski previously coached FC Kansas City and Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League, as well as the Missouri Comets in the Major Arena Soccer League.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
Zemia Rodnô
Zemia Rodnô (Kashubian pronunciation: [zɛmja rɔdˈnɞ], lit. Native Land) is a Kashubian patriotic song commonly regarded as the national anthem of Kashubia and its people. Its author is Jan Trepczyk, a prominent Kashubian activist, who wrote the song in 1954. The first symphonic performance was performed in 2006 by the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association.

Jan Trepczyk
Jan Trepczyk (Kashubian: Jón Trepczik; 22 October 1907 in Strysza Buda, Kartuzy – 3 September 1989, in Wejherowo, Poland) was a Kashubian poet, songwriter, ideologist, lexicographer, and teacher. He was a member of the Regional Kashub Association of Kartuzy, of the Zrzeszeńcy (associationists), and of the Kashubian–Pomeranian Association. He compiled a Polish-Kashubian dictionary and co-founded the Museum of Kashubian and Pomeranian Writing and Music in Wejherowo.
TP-13
TP-13 is an anxiolytic drug with a novel chemical structure, which is used in scientific research. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic. It is a subtype-selective partial agonist at GABAA receptors, binding selectively to GABAA receptor complexes bearing α2 and α3 subunits. It has modest anticonvulsant activity although less than that of diazepam, and its main effect is likely to be selective anxiolytic action, as seen with other related α2/3-preferring agonists such as L-838,417.

Nonbenzodiazepine
Nonbenzodiazepines (/ˌnɒnˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn, -ˈeɪ-/), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as some of the more well-known drugs begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia and anxiety.

Nonbenzodiazepine pharmacodynamics are similar in mechanism of action to benzodiazepine drugs, acting as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine site, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks. However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott
Bartlit Beck LLP is a Chicago and Denver-based law firm founded in 1993  by Fred Bartlit, Jr. (born 1932), Phil Beck (born 1951), Skip Herman (born 1953), James Palenchar, Don Scott (deceased), and Mark Ferguson.  The firm is a spin-off of Chicago-based law firm Kirkland and Ellis.  The American Lawyer magazine named the firm its litigation boutique of the year for 2009. In 2018, the firm named Jason Peltz as managing partner to replace founding partner Skip Herman. In 2020, Benchmark Litigation named Bartlit Beck its trial firm of the year. The firm is an Illinois limited liability partnership.

Kirkland & Ellis
Kirkland & Ellis LLP is an American multinational white-shoe law firm founded in 1909. With a revenue of US$8.8 billion and a profit per equity partner of US$9.25 million, Kirkland & Ellis is one of the highest-grossing and most profitable law firms in the world. As of 2025, the firm is the seventh-largest by number of attorneys. It was also the first law firm in the world to reach US$7 billion in annual revenue.

The firm’s alumni include several notable judges and government officials, including United States Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh and former United States Attorneys General William Barr and Robert Bork.
Elisabeth Gasteiger
Elisabeth Gasteiger is a Swiss bioinformatician known for her work in developing and managing tools for protein analysis. Her efforts have been instrumental in advancing proteomics research, particularly through her contributions to the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System), a bioinformatics resource platform. She currently holds the position of Senior User Experience and Support Manager at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB).

Expasy
Expasy is an online bioinformatics resource operated by the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. It is an extensible and integrative portal which provides access to over 160 databases and software tools and supports a range of life science and clinical research areas, from genomics, proteomics and structural biology, to evolution and phylogeny, systems biology and medical chemistry. The individual resources (databases, web-based and downloadable software tools) are hosted in a decentralized way by different groups of the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and partner institutions.