hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jafar Pasha
Jafar Pasha, also Jafar Pasha Frenk (جعفر پاشا, Jafar Pasha, "the European"), was the Ottoman Empire Governor of the city of Tabriz, following the capture of the city by the Ottomans in 1585. He was a "neo-Muslim" European in the service of the Ottoman Empire. The city would remain under Ottoman control for 18 years, until its recovery by the Safavid Empire ruler Shah Abbas in 1603.

Safavid capture of Tabriz (1603)
The siege of Tabriz (Persian: فتح تبریز) was a military conflict during the Ottoman–Safavid war of 1603–1612. As a result of a successful Persian siege initiated by Shah Abbas the Great, Tabriz was returned to the Safavids after 18 years of Ottoman rule.
Vladimir Harkonnen
Baron Vladimir Harkonnen (/ˈhɑːrkənən/) is a fictional character in the Dune franchise created by Frank Herbert. He is primarily featured in the 1965 novel Dune and is also a prominent character in the Prelude to Dune prequel trilogy (1999–2001) by Herbert's son Brian and Kevin J. Anderson. The character is brought back as a ghola in the Herbert/Anderson sequels which conclude the original series, Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007).

Baron Harkonnen is portrayed by Kenneth McMillan in David Lynch's 1984 film Dune. Ian McNeice plays the role in the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and its sequel, 2003's Children of Dune. Harkonnen is portrayed by Stellan Skarsgård in the 2021 Denis Villeneuve film Dune and its 2024 sequel Dune: Part Two.

Melange (Dune)
Melange (/meɪˈlɑːnʒ/), often referred to as "the spice", is the fictional psychedelic drug central to the Dune series of science fiction novels by Frank Herbert and derivative works.

In the series, the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe is melange, a drug that gives the user a longer life span, greater vitality, and heightened awareness. In some humans, the spice can also unlock prescience, a form of precognition based in genetics but made possible by use of the drug in larger dosages. By far the most important of prescience’s functions is that it makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. However, melange is also highly addictive, and withdrawal is fatal. Harvesting melange is also hazardous in the extreme, as its only known source is the harsh desert planet Arrakis, where its deposits are guarded by giant sandworms.
Bert Wolstein
Bertram Leonard Wolstein (February 23, 1927 — May 17, 2004), known to his friends as Bart and publicly as Bert L. Wolstein, was an American real estate developer, sports team owner, and philanthropist based in Cleveland, Ohio. He founded Developers Diversified Realty Corporation (now SITE Centers), which at the time of his death was the 4th-largest developer of shopping centers in the United States. In 1979, he purchased the Cleveland Force Major Indoor Soccer League team, and attempted to purchase the Cleveland Browns in 1998. He retired from active business in 1997, and became one of the most generous donors in the United States in his final years.

Cleveland State University College of Law
41°30′07″N 81°40′43″W﻿ / ﻿41.50193°N 81.67851°W﻿ / 41.50193; -81.67851

Cleveland State University College of Law is the law school of Cleveland State University, a public research university in Cleveland, Ohio. It traces its origins to Cleveland Law School, founded in 1897, which merged in 1946 with the John Marshall School of Law to become Cleveland-Marshall Law School and was absorbed by the university in 1969. It is accredited by the American Bar Association and is a member of the Association of American Law Schools.
Subhash Chandra Lakhotia
Subhash Chandra Lakhotia (born 4 October 1945) is an Indian cytogeneticist, academic, Distinguished Professor of Zoology, and the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) Distinguished Fellow at the Banaras Hindu University. He is known for his pioneering research on Drosophila with regard to its chromosome organization and replication. A Raja Ramanna fellow of the Department of Science and Technology and the Department of Atomic Energy, he is an elected fellow of all three major Indian science academies: Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences, India. He is a Senior Fellow of the Cell Stress Society International (USA). The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1989, for his contributions to biological sciences.

Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include karyotyping, analysis of G-banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
2nd National Assembly of South Korea
The Second National Assembly of South Korea was established on May 31, 1950, consisting of 210 representatives elected during the 1950 South Korean legislative election. Following the outbreak of the Korean War on June 25 of the same year, the assembly relocated to the provisional capital of Busan, with several of its members killed or abducted by North Korean forces.

Under President Syngman Rhee's declaration of martial law, the assembly came under increased political pressure from police and military forces. Rhee's efforts successfully resulted in the first amendment of the South Korean constitution, albeit not without political strife. The amended Constitution, which introduced direct presidential elections and a bicameral assembly, rendered the incumbent National Assembly into the House of Representatives. A separate election for a planned upper house, named the House of Councillors, was never initiated during the term of the second assembly.

House of Councillors (South Korea)
The House of Councillors (Korean: 참의원; Hanja: 參議院) was the upper house of the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea during its Second Republic. The House of Councillors was established by the Constitution of the Second Republic of Korea, which established a bicameral legislature. Officially, a House of Councillors was provided for by a 1952 amendment to the Constitution of the First Republic, but the House of Representatives acted as the only house in a unicameral legislature since the House of Councillors was not actually established.
KXNV-LD
KXNV-LD (channel 26) is a low-power television station licensed to Incline Village, Nevada, United States, serving the Reno area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside dual ABC/CW+ affiliate KOLO-TV (channel 8). The two stations share studios on Ampere Drive in Reno; KXNV-LD's transmitter is located on Slide Mountain between SR 431 and I-580/US 395/ALT in unincorporated Washoe County.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Derveni papyrus
The Derveni papyrus is an Ancient Greek papyrus roll that was discovered in 1962 at the archaeological site of Derveni, near Thessaloniki, in Central Macedonia. A philosophical treatise, the text is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras. The roll dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript. The poem itself was originally composed near the end of the 5th century BC, and "in the fields of Greek religion, the sophistic movement, early philosophy, and the origins of literary criticism it is unquestionably the most important textual discovery of the 20th century." While interim editions and translations were published over the subsequent years, the manuscript in its entirety was first published in 2006.

Theogony
The Theogony (Ancient Greek: Θεογονία, romanized: Theogonía, lit. 'the genealogy or birth of the gods') is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC. It is written in the epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one of the most important sources for the understanding of early Greek cosmology.
South African Class 5E1, Series 1
The South African Railways Class 5E1, Series 1 of 1959 was an electric locomotive.

Between 1959 and 1961, the South African Railways placed 135 Class 5E1, Series 1 electric locomotives with a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement in mainline service. It was an upgraded and more powerful version of the Class 5E.

Bo-Bo
Bo-Bo (Commonwealth), Bo′Bo′ (UIC), or B-B (AAR) is a wheel arrangement classification for railway locomotives with four powered axles mounted in two bogies. Each bogie has two axles, both of which are powered. This configuration is one of the most common arrangements for modern electric and diesel locomotives.
Jasonville, Indiana
Jasonville is a city in Wright Township, Greene County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,966 as of the 2020 census. It is the westernmost community in the Bloomington, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, approximately 15 miles closer to Terre Haute than to Bloomington.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Horse show
A horse show is a judged exhibition of horses and ponies. Many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines hold competitions worldwide, from local to the international levels. Most horse shows run from one to three days, sometimes longer for major, all-breed events or national and international championships. Most shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, wherein a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money.

Equestrian events at the Summer Olympics
Equestrian sports were first included in the Olympic Games in the Summer Olympics of 1900 in Paris. They were again included in 1912, and have been included in every subsequent edition of the Games. Currently, the Olympic equestrian disciplines are dressage, eventing, and show jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded. Since the XV Olympiad in Helsinki in 1952, women and men compete on equal terms.

It is the only Olympic event that involves animals. The horses are considered to be athletes as much as the riders.

The international governing body for equestrian sports is the Fédération Équestre Internationale. The first Olympics held under its authority were in 1924. Since that time, Germany has established itself as the leading power in equestrian competitions.
Kathwara, Raebareli
Kathwara is a village in Harchandpur block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 13 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters, on the road to Lucknow, and on the left bank of the Baita river not far from its confluence with the Sai. The railway passes by Kathwara, and the closest station is at Harchandpur. As of 2011, the population of Kathwara is 5,115, in 921 households. It has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities.

Harchandpur
Harchandpur is a village and corresponding community development block in Raebareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located on the Baiti river, which is a tributary of the Sai, and it is northeast from the district headquarters on the road to Lucknow. Particularly since the coming of the railway in the 1800s, Harchandpur serves as one of the main commercial centres for the surrounding region; it is also a major exporter of local goods. As of 2011, its population is 4,348 people, in 833 households.

Harchandpur is also a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, under the district of Raebareli. The Pin Code of the town is 229303 and there are 47 Gram panchayats under Harchandpur.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD), also known as C-56, Graphlox, and HRS 1655, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C5Cl6. It is a precursor to pesticides, flame retardants, and dyes. It is a colourless liquid, although commercial samples appear lemon-yellow liquid sometimes with a bluish vapour.  Many of its derivatives proved to be highly controversial, as studies showed them to be persistent organic pollutants. An estimated 270,000 tons were produced until 1976, and smaller amounts continue to be produced today.

Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the formula C5H6. It is often abbreviated CpH because the cyclopentadienyl anion is abbreviated Cp−.

This colorless liquid has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels–Alder reaction. This dimer can be heated to induce thermal cracking and regenerate the monomer through a retro-Diels–Alder reaction

The compound is mainly used for the production of cyclopentene and its derivatives. It is popularly used as a precursor to the cyclopentadienyl anion (Cp−), an important ligand in cyclopentadienyl complexes in organometallic chemistry.
Paul Génin
Paul-Agricole Génin (14 February 1832, in Avignon – 22 December 1903, in Paris) was a French flautist and composer for flute. He was a student of Louis Dorus and became first flute at the Théâtre-Italien (Comédie-Italienne) Paris.

He is sometime confused with Pierre Génin, another flautist who emigrated to England.

Louis Dorus
Louis Dorus (born Vincent Joseph van Steenkiste; 1 March 1812 – 9 June 1896) was a 19th-century French classical flautist. Vincent-Joseph van Steenkiste, his real name, was instrumental in the adoption of the modern concert flute. He is the younger brother of Julie Dorus-Gras, the father of the singer and pianist Juliette Vansteenkiste called Dorus, known after her marriage as Rabaud-Dorus, and Henri Rabaud's grandfather.
Sam Piroj Bharucha
Sam Piroj Bharucha (6 May 1937) is a former Chief Justice of India, serving from November 2001 until his retirement in 2002.

He began his legal career as an advocate of the Bombay High Court in 1960, and was appointed an Additional Judge in 1977. His judgeship was made permanent in 1978, and in 1991 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court. In 1992, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of India, and became Chief Justice in 2001.

Bharucha is responsible for many significant legal decisions. He was part of the five-judge constitutional panel which unanimously ruled on the 2001 dismissal of J. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. It was the first and only such dismissal of a chief minister in India's history.

Over the course of his Supreme Court tenure, Bharucha authored 344 judgments and sat on 1,307 benches.

Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint the chief justice, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court.The chief justice serves until the age of 65 or if removed early by the constitutional process of impeachment. The chief justice ranks sixth in the Order of precedence in India. As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and other administrative functions of the Court.

Surya Kant is the incumbent and 53rd chief justice of India, and was appointed on 24th November 2025.
Taras Shevchenko (film)
Taras Shevchenko (Russian: and Ukrainian: «Тарас Шевченко») is a 1951 Soviet biopic about the Ukrainian writer Taras Shevchenko, written and directed by Igor Savchenko. The New York Times praised the acting of Sergei Bondarchuk.

Nikolay Chernyshevsky
Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (24 July [O.S. 12 July] 1828 – 29 October [O.S. 17 October] 1889) was a Russian literary and social critic, journalist, novelist, democrat, and socialist philosopher, often identified as a utopian socialist and leading theoretician of Russian nihilism and the Narodniks. He was the dominant intellectual figure of the 1860s revolutionary democratic movement in Russia, despite spending much of his later life in exile to Siberia, and was later highly praised by Karl Marx, Georgi Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin.
Beiyangjing Road station
Beiyangjing Road (simplified Chinese: 北洋泾路; traditional Chinese: 北洋涇路; pinyin: Běiyángjīng Lù) is a station on Line 6 of the Shanghai Metro. It began services on December 29, 2007. There are two side platforms, and the station's main color is blue. There are three exits, all of which are on Zhangyang Road.

Line 6 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 6 is an eastern north–south line of the Shanghai Metro network. It opened on December 29, 2007. The entire line is located in the Pudong New Area. A complete trip between the two end terminals, Gangcheng Road and Oriental Sports Center takes approximately 1 hour and 10 minutes. Line 6 has been dubbed the unofficial nickname “Hello Kitty Line” due to its lurid pink livery. The line is colored magenta on system maps.
Current HIV Research
Current HIV Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on HIV/AIDS research, established in 2003. The journal is edited by Yuntao Wu and is published by Bentham Science Publishers. It has an impact factor of 1.581

Bentham Science Publishers
Bentham Science Publishers is a company that publishes scientific, technical, and medical journals and e-books. It publishes over 120 subscription-based academic journals and around 40 open access journals.

As of 2023, 66 Bentham Science journals have received JCR impact factors, and they are a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics. Bentham Open, its open access division, has received criticism for questionable peer-review practices as well as invitation spam; it was listed as a "potential, possible, or probable predatory scholarly open access publisher" in Jeffrey Beall's list of predatory publishers, before the list went defunct.
Scattered order
In mathematical order theory, a scattered order is a linear order that contains no densely ordered subset with more than one element.

A characterization due to Hausdorff states that the class of all scattered orders is the smallest class of linear orders that contains the singleton orders and is closed under well-ordered and reverse well-ordered sums.

Laver's theorem (generalizing a conjecture of Roland Fraïssé on countable orders) states that the embedding relation on the class of countable unions of scattered orders is a well-quasi-order.

The order topology of a scattered order is scattered. The converse implication does not hold, as witnessed by the lexicographic order on .

Lexicographic order
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set.

There are several variants and generalizations of the lexicographical ordering. One variant applies to sequences of different lengths by comparing the lengths of the sequences before considering their elements.

Another variant, widely used in combinatorics, orders subsets of a given finite set by assigning a total order to the finite set, and converting subsets into increasing sequences, to which the lexicographical order is applied.

A generalization defines an order on an n-ary Cartesian product of partially ordered sets; this order is a total order if and only if all factors of the Cartesian product are totally ordered.
Jawai River
The Jawai River originates in the hills of Goriya village, situated in Bali tehsil of Pali district, near the border of Pali and Udaipur districts.

Sukri river is its main tributary. The river flows in a north-west direction for about 96 km (60 mi), before joining Khari River near Sayala in Jalore district, after which it is called Sukri river. Its catchment area is 2,976 km2 (1,149 sq mi) in Udaipur, Pali and Jalore districts.

Western Rajasthan's largest dam, Jawai Dam, is located near Sumerpur in Pali district on this river. The twin cities of Sumerpur and Sheoganj in Sirohi district are located on the banks of Jawai river.

Pali district
Pali district is a district in Rajasthan, India. The city of Pali is its administrative headquarters.
Pali is also known as the Industrial/Textile City and has been a hub for merchant activities for centuries. It has a rich heritage and culture, including beautiful Jain temples and other elaborate monuments.
Rosthwaite Fell
Rosthwaite Fell is a fell in the English Lake District. It is situated some 12 kilometres (7+1⁄2 miles) due south of Keswick and 2 kilometres (1+1⁄4 miles) south of the village of Rosthwaite in Borrowdale.

Rosthwaite Fell also has loose connections to the Scafell group of fells. The fells name derives from the Old Norse language and means “The peak above the clearing with a heap of stones” with “hreysi” meaning a heap of stones and “thveit” meaning a clearing.

Borrowdale
Borrowdale is a valley and civil parish in the English Lake District in Cumberland, England. It is in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, and is sometimes referred to as Cumberland Borrowdale to distinguish it from another Borrowdale in the historic county of Westmorland.