hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chester-le-Street railway station
Chester-le-Street is a railway station on the East Coast Main Line, which runs between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley. The station is situated 8 miles 24 chains (8.3 miles; 13 kilometres) south of Newcastle, serving the market town of Chester-le-Street in County Durham, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Edinburgh Waverley railway station
Edinburgh Waverley (also known simply as Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: Waverley Dhùn Èideann) is the principal railway station serving Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the second busiest station in Scotland, after Glasgow Central. The station serves as the northern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, 393 miles 13 chains (393.16 miles; 632.7 kilometres) from London King's Cross, although some trains operated by London North Eastern Railway continue to other Scottish destinations beyond Edinburgh.
Menehune
Menehune are a mythological race of dwarf-like people in Hawaiian tradition who are said to live in the deep forests and hidden valleys of the Hawaiian Islands, hidden and far away from human settlements.

The Menehune are described as superb craftspeople. They built temples (heiau), fishponds, roads, canoes, and houses. Some of these structures that Hawaiian folklore attributed to the Menehune still exist. They are said to have lived in Hawaiʻi before settlers arrived from Polynesia many centuries ago. Their favorite food is the maiʻa (banana), and they also like fish. Legend has it that the Menehune appear only during the night hours to build masterpiece, and if they fail to complete their work in the length of the night, they will leave it unoccupied. No one but their children and humans connected to them can see the Menehune.

University of Hawaiʻi Press
The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.

The University of Hawaiʻi Press was founded in 1947, publishing research in all disciplines of the humanities and natural and social sciences in the regions of Asia and the Pacific. In addition to scholarly monographs, the press publishes educational materials and reference works such as dictionaries, language texts, classroom readers, atlases, and encyclopedias.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.
Alagie Saine
Alagie Saine (born 20 January 2003) is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Danish Superliga club AC Horsens and the Gambia national team. He was part of the Gambia squad that finished runner-up at the 2023 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

2021 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2021 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations was the 16th edition (23rd edition if editions of the tournament without hosts are included), the biennial international youth football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for players aged 20 and below. In September 2018, it was decided that the tournament would be hosted by Mauritania. This would be the first edition of the Africa U-20 Cup of Nations to be expanded to 12 teams instead of eight. The top four teams of the tournament would have normally qualified for the 2021 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Indonesia as the CAF representatives. However, FIFA decided to cancel the tournament on 24 December 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The defending champions Mali failed to qualify. Ghana won their fourth title by defeating debutant Uganda in the final.
City Night Line
City Night Line, abbreviated CNL, was a train category of German railway company Deutsche Bahn for overnight passenger train services between Germany and neighbouring European countries. In late 2015, Deutsche Bahn announced that it planned to terminate all night train services in December 2016, and this plan was implemented on 11 December 2016. The service on some CNL routes was replaced by ÖBB's Nightjet services.

Sleeping car
The sleeping car or sleeper (often wagon-lit) is a railway passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the main American innovator and owner of sleeper cars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when railroads dominated intercity passenger travel.

The first such cars saw sporadic use on American and English railways in the 1830s; they could be configured for coach seating during the day.
Palazzo Mocenigo (San Marco)
The Palazzo Mocenigo detto "il Nero" is a palazzo on the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Other Palazzi Mocenigo on each side include the Palazzo Mocenigo Casa Nuova and the Palazzo Mocenigo Casa Vecchia. The palazzo is located between the Rialto Bridge and St Mark's Square. It was occupied by the English poet Lord Byron (1788–1824) when he lived in Venice.

The original Palazzo Mocenigo consisted four different buildings built for the Mocenigo family, seven of whom were Doges of Venice. The Palazzo Mocenigo was built by Alvise Mocenigo in about 1579. In 1788, the individual palazzos were linked by Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo, who was procurator of Saint Mark (and later Doge), to form a 40-room building complex that he used for entertainment.

Lord Byron stayed in the right-hand part of the central palazzo. The Palazzo Mocenigo passed out of ownership by the Mocenigo family in the late 1800s. It changed hands again in 1929 and was put up for sale in 2005.

House of Mocenigo
The House of Mocenigo (Venetian pronunciation: [motʃeˈniɡo], Italian pronunciation: [motʃeˈniːɡo]) was a Venetian noble family of Lombard origin. Many of its members were doges, statesmen, and soldiers.
Tione di Trento
Tione di Trento (Trentino: Tiòn; Local dialect: Tió) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Trento.

Tione di Trento borders the following, municipalities: Ragoli, Villa Rendena, Preore, Comano Terme, Bleggio Superiore, Bondo, Bolbeno, Breguzzo, Zuclo, Roncone, Lardaro, Ledro and Pieve di Bono.

It is a centre for production of candles.

Zuclo
Zuclo was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Trento.  It was merged with Bolbeno to form a new municipality, Borgo Lares.

It is known for its church, San Martino. It has about 365 inhabitants.
Salisbury Farm (Bridgeport, New Jersey)
Salisbury Farm, also known as the Salisbury Site,  is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) prehistoric and historic archaeological site located in the Bridgeport section of Logan Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States.  Located in the vicinity of Raccoon Creek and the Delaware River, it was the site of both Native American habitation and of early colonial settlement in the mid-17th century. The site, first investigated under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration in 1937, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 7, 1979. In 1939, the State Archaeologist Dorothy Cross may have found two possible earthfast buildings from the 1670s to 1680s occupation of the Salisbury site.

Logan Township, New Jersey
Logan Township is a township in Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 6,000, a decrease of 42 (−0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 6,042, which in turn reflected an increase of 10 (+0.2%) from the 6,032 counted in the 2000 census.

Logan Township was formed as West Woolwich Township by the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1877, from portions of Woolwich Township. That name lasted just less than a year, as the name was changed to Logan Township as of March 6, 1878. The community is named for John Alexander "Black Jack" Logan, a Union Army general who was behind the establishment of Memorial Day as a national holiday.
Rubik's Triamid
The Rubik's Triamid is a mechanical puzzle invented by Ernő Rubik and released in 1990 by Matchbox.  The puzzle was patented in Hungary in 1991.  It was re-released in 2017 at the American International Toy Fair by Winning Moves.

The puzzle is similar to the Rubik's Cube in that the objective is to manipulate the puzzle until all sides are uniform in colour. The puzzle itself forms a triangular pyramid, so that there are four sides and colours.

Mechanical puzzle
A mechanical puzzle is a puzzle presented as a set of mechanically interlinked pieces in which the solution is to manipulate the whole object or parts of it. While puzzles of this type have been in use by humanity as early as the 3rd century BC, one of the most well-known mechanical puzzles of modern day is the Rubik's Cube, invented by the Hungarian architect Ernő Rubik in 1974. The puzzles are typically designed for a single player, where the goal is for the player to discover the principle of the object, rather than accidentally coming up with the right solution through trial and error. With this in mind, they are often used as an intelligence test or in problem solving training.
Karimangalam taluk
Karimangalam taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. On 10 February 2016, Karimangalam taluk was formed by merging parts of Palacode and Harur taluks of Dharmapuri district. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kariamangalam. This taluk contains a total of 52 panchayat villages.

Palacode taluk
Palacode taluk is a taluk in the Dharmapuri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Palacode. Part of Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary is located in this taluk.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's road race B
The men's road race B cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 3 September 2021 at Fuji Speedway in Shizuoka Prefecture. 10  riders (and pilots) competed in the event.

The B classification is for cyclists with visual impairment. Sighted guides act as pilots in these events, which take place on tandem bikes.

Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place in two separate locations. Track cycling took place at the Izu Velodrome from 25 to 28 August 2021 and road cycling took place on the Fuji Speedway from 31 August to 3 September 2021.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

The competition was dominated by the squads from Great Britain and The Netherlands, winning 19 gold medals from 51 events. Great Britain, as in 2008, 2012 and 2016 dominated the track events, while the Netherlands were particularly strong in road racing.

Among the highlights were Great Britain's Sarah Storey becoming her country's most successful ever Paralympian, echoing the achievement of Jason Kenny in the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning her 15th, 16th and 17th gold medals in her eighth Paralympic Games.
Paeonius of Ephesus
Paeonius of Ephesus (/piːˈoʊniəs/ Ancient Greek: Παιώνιος Paiṓnios)  (fl. c. 420 to 380 BCE) was an ancient Greek architect, one of the builders of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus.

In conjunction with Demetrius, he completed the great temple at Ephesus, which Chersiphron had begun. With Daphnis of Miletus, he began to build at Miletus a temple of Apollo, of the Ionic order. The ruins of this famous Didymaeum, or temple of Apollo Didymus, are still to be seen at Didyma near Miletus. The temple, in which the Branchidae had an oracle of Apollo (from which the place itself obtained the name of Branchidae), was burnt at the capture of Miletus by the army of Darius in 498 BCE. The new temple, which was on a scale only inferior to that of Artemis, was never finished. It was dipteral, decastyle and hypaethral. Among its extensive ruins, two columns are still standing.

Chersiphron
Chersiphron (/ˈkɜːrsɪfrɒn/; Ancient Greek: Χερσίφρων; fl. 6th century BC) was a Greek architect from Knossos in ancient Crete who designed the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The original temple was destroyed in the 7th century BC, and about 550 BC Chersiphron and his son Metagenes began a new temple, the Artemision, which became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in each of its three manifestations. It was burned by Herostratus in July 356 BC and rebuilt again.

The architect's name is recalled in Vitruvius, and in a passage of Pliny as "Ctesiphon", perhaps in confusion with the great Parthian city of the same name on the river Tigris.
Wale Omotoso
Wale Omotoso Listenⓘ(born May 6, 1985) is a Nigerian professional boxer. He was based in Australia for several years, where he turned professional.  In 2011, he signed with Top Rank, and was trained and managed by Freddie Roach at Wild Card Boxing in Los Angeles, California.

After a successful 15-year career, Omotoso, who had suffered two past concussions, and who wanted to ensure his ability to continue supporting his wife and two sons, retired from fighting, and became a trainer at Wild Card.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Medial compartment of thigh
The medial compartment of thigh is one of the fascial compartments of the thigh and contains the hip adductor muscles and the gracilis muscle.

The obturator nerve is the primary nerve supplying this compartment. The obturator artery is the blood supply to the medial thigh.

The muscles in the compartment are:

gracilis

adductor longus

adductor brevis

adductor magnus

The obturator externus muscle is sometimes considered part of this group, and sometimes excluded. (Spatially, it is in this location, but functionally, it is more similar to the other lateral rotator group muscles).

The pectineus is sometimes included in this group, and sometimes excluded. It has the same function as the others in this group, but different innervation – namely, the femoral nerve.

Adductor brevis muscle
The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately deep to the pectineus and adductor longus.  It belongs to the adductor muscle group.  The main function of the adductor brevis is to pull the thigh medially. The adductor brevis and the rest of the adductor muscle group is also used to stabilize left to right movements of the trunk, when standing on both feet, or to balance when standing on a moving surface.  The adductor muscle group is used pressing the thighs together to ride a horse, and kicking with the inside of the foot in soccer or swimming.  Last, they contribute to flexion of the thigh when running or against resistance (squats, jumping, etc.).
Viktor Kaisiepo
Viktor Kaisiepo (14 September 1948 – 31 January 2010), also spelled Victor Kaisiepo, was a Netherlands New Guinean-born Dutch activist for West Papuan independence and self-determination. His family fled West Papua when its administration was transferred to Indonesia, and he lived in the Netherlands thereafter.

United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter defines a non-self-governing territory (NSGT) as a territory "whose people have not yet attained a full measure of self-government". Chapter XI of the UN Charter also includes a "Declaration on Non-Self-Governing Territories" that the interests of the occupants of dependent territories are paramount and requires member states of the United Nations in control of such territories to submit annual information reports concerning the development of those territories. Since 1946, the UNGA has maintained a list of non-self governing territories under member states' control. Since its inception, dozens of territories have been removed from the list, typically when they attained independence or internal self-government, while other territories have been added as new administering powers joined the United Nations or the UN General Assembly (UNGA) reassessed their status.

Since 1961 the list has been maintained by the Special Committee on Decolonization.
Lang Rongrien Rock Shelter
Lang Rongrien (Thai: หลังโรงเรียน, lit. 'behind the school') is a rock shelter and Hoabinhian habitation site in the upland region of Krabi province in west-coast southern Thailand.  The site is of the Pleistocene, early Holocene archaeological time frame. Excavations at the site began in 1974, and primary research was headed by Douglas Anderson. Though this rock shelter site is not as large as some others, it is archaeologically rich in its findings. Some of the sediment at the site was disturbed by soil collections, but not enough to have ruined the more impressive archaeological finds. The site is located within the Krabi River valley, in a somewhat hard-to-reach area that can only be accessed from a steep trail below the rock shelter, or a narrow ridge that approaches the rock shelter from the north. Radiocarbon dating at the site has put the evidence from between 39,000 and 28,000 years before present.

Krabi River
The Krabi River (Thai: แม่น้ำกระบี่, RTGS: Maenam Krabi, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm krā.bìː]) is a river in Southern Thailand. The Krabi river is 5 kilometres long, as it is the main channel within a larger estuary to the Andaman Sea. The other two main channels are the Yuan River to the south and Chi Lat to the west. The 31 km upper stretch of the river are named Khlong Krabi Yai, which originates at the Phanom mountain.

The estuary of the Krabi river is listed as Ramsar wetland number 1100 since July 5 2001. The protected area of 213 km2 covers more than 100 km2 of mangrove forests and 12 km2 of up to 2 km wide tidal mudflats. The area is popular with birdwatchers coming to spot some of the most diverse and rare species in the world, the masked finfoot and the brown-winged kingfisher to name just a few.

The town - Krabi has a reputation for its tourism. It is situated along the seaboard of the Andaman Sea. This town gave the Krabi river its name.
Rinchen Barsbold
Rinchen Barsbold (Mongolian: Ринченгийн Барсболд, Rinchyengiin Barsbold; 21 December 1935 – 28 August 2025) was a Mongolian paleontologist, geologist and an expert in vertebrate paleontology and Mesozoic stratigraphy. Most of his work was performed at the Institute of Geology in Ulaanbaatar. Barsbold was instrumental in the discovery and recovery of the Mongolian dinosaur fossil record. His work has helped to form a more complete understanding of the later stages of dinosaur evolution in Eurasia.

Altangerel Perle
Altangerel Perle (born 1945) is a Mongolian palaeontologist. He is employed at the National University of Mongolia. He has described species such as Goyocephale lattimorei, Achillobator giganticus and Erlikosaurus andrewsi. He has been honored by Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska, who named the species Hulsanpes perlei after him.
Valencia Open
The Valencia Open, formerly known as Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, was a professional men's tennis tournament played in Valencia, Spain. It was part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour. The tournament was first played in Valencia in 1995 before moving to the Club de Tenis Puente Romano in Marbella for the 1996 and 1997 editions. From 1998 to 2002, the event was held in Mallorca, and finally, in 2003, moved back to its location in Valencia.

It was an ATP International Series tournament held on outdoor clay courts until 2008. In 2009, the Valencia Open and the Madrid Masters switched calendar dates and surfaces, with the Madrid Masters becoming an outdoor clay court tournament and Valencia getting into the ATP World Tour 500 series category as an indoor hardcourt tournament held in November at the newly opened L'Agora in Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències. In 2015, the tournament was downgraded to the ATP World Tour 250 series. It ended with the 2015 event.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
Agia Eirini, Chania
Agia Eirini (Αγία Ειρήνη) is a small community in Western Crete, population 58 (2021 census). It lies in the Chania regional unit which constitutes the western part of Crete. It is in the municipality of Kantanos-Selino, which forms the southwest part of the region, specifically the East Selino unit, and the community of Epanochori.

Kantanos-Selino
Kantanos-Selino (Greek: Κάντανος-Σέλινο) is a municipality in Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. It is numbered 4 on the map of the Chania region. The seat of the municipality is the village of Palaiochora. The municipality has an area of 376.254 km2 (145.272 sq mi). A significant number of fresco's painted by Ioannis Pagomenos are located in Selino.
Ensign H. Kellogg
Ensign Hosmer Kellogg (July 6, 1812 – January 23, 1882) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Massachusetts Senate. In 1850, he served as Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
History of type theory
The type theory was initially created to avoid paradoxes in a variety of formal logics and rewrite systems.  Later, type theory referred to a class of formal systems, some of which can serve as alternatives to naive set theory as a foundation for all mathematics.

It has been tied to formal mathematics since Principia Mathematica to today's proof assistants.

Simply typed lambda calculus
The simply typed lambda calculus (⁠⁠), a form
of type theory, is a typed interpretation of the lambda calculus with only one type constructor (⁠⁠) that builds function types. It is the canonical and simplest example of a typed lambda calculus.  The simply typed lambda calculus was originally introduced by Alonzo Church in 1940 as an attempt to avoid paradoxical use of the untyped lambda calculus.

The term simple type is also used to refer to extensions of the simply typed lambda calculus with constructs such as products, coproducts or natural numbers (System T) or even full recursion (like PCF). In contrast, systems that introduce polymorphic types (like System F) or dependent types (like the Logical Framework) are not considered simply typed.  The simple types, except for full recursion, are still considered  simple because the Church encodings of such structures can be done using only  and suitable type variables, while polymorphism and dependency cannot.