hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Software Product Lines Online Tools
Software Product Lines Online Tools (S.P.L.O.T.) is a set of research-oriented online tools for Software Product Lines (SPL) practitioners. S.P.L.O.T. was created by Marcilio Mendonca during his Ph.D. at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 2008–2009. Since then, the academic website has been visited by numerous researchers and research groups worldwide thereby helping to advance the Software Product Lines field. S.P.L.O.T's source code (as well as its main library SPLAR) are freely available on GitHub and have been successfully extended by others to address different research needs.

Software product line
Software product lines (SPLs), or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a shared set of software assets using a common means of production.

The Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute defines a software product line as "a set of software-intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way."
Swish function
The swish function is a family of mathematical function defined as follows:

The swish function

where  can be constant (usually set to 1) or trainable and "sigmoid" refers to the logistic function.

The swish family was designed to smoothly interpolate between a linear function and the Rectified linear unit (ReLU) function.

When considering positive values, Swish is a particular case of doubly parameterized sigmoid shrinkage function defined in : Eq 3 . Variants of the swish function include Mish.

Activation function
In artificial neural networks, the activation function of a node is a function that calculates the output of the node based on its individual inputs and their weights. Nontrivial problems can be solved using only a few nodes if the activation function is nonlinear.

Modern activation functions include the logistic (sigmoid) function used in the 2012 speech recognition model developed by Hinton et al; the ReLU used in the 2012 AlexNet computer vision model and in the 2015 ResNet model; and the smooth version of the ReLU, the GELU, which was used in the 2018 BERT model.
Correcaminos UAT Premier
Club de Fútbol Correcaminos de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Premier is a professional football team that plays in the Mexican Football League. They are playing in the Liga Premier Serie A. Club de Fútbol Correcaminos de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Premier is affiliated with UAT that plays in the Liga de Expansión MX. The games are held in the city of Ciudad Victoria in the Estadio Marte R. Gómez and Estadio Universitario Eugenio Alvizo Porras as a backup stadium.

Serie A de México
Liga Premier Serie A is a professional association football league in Mexico, part of the Liga Premier as the major subdivision in the third level of the Mexican football league system. Formerly named Liga Premier de Ascenso (2008–2017), it was created for clubs with the best infraestructure to compete for promotion to Liga de Expansión MX. The Serie A has 41 participating clubs, divided into three groups by geographic location (two groups with 14 clubs and one group with 13 clubs), the champions are decided by a final knockout phase. The winners of Serie A are crowned as the Liga Premier champions.
WASP-59
WASP-59 is a K-type main-sequence star about 379 light-years away in the constellation Pegasus. The star's age is essentially unconstrained by observations. WASP-59 is slightly depleted in heavy elements, having 70% of the solar abundance of iron. The star produces extremely low levels of ultraviolet light, indicating an absence of flare activity.

A multiplicity survey in 2015 did not detect any stellar companions to WASP-59.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
South African cricket team in England in 1912
The South Africa national cricket team toured England from May to September 1912 and took part in the 1912 Triangular Tournament, playing three Test matches each against the England national cricket team and the Australia national cricket team. The tournament was won by England. South Africa were captained by Frank Mitchell and Louis Tancred.

1912 Triangular Tournament
The 1912 Triangular Tournament was a Test cricket competition played between Australia, England and South Africa, the only Test-playing nations at the time.

The ultimate winners of the tournament were England, with four wins in their six matches, but the tournament was deemed a failure, with disappointing crowds and uncompetitive cricket, caused in part by a weakened Australia team.

The tournament was the first tournament in Test history to be played between more than two nations. It was the only such tournament until the Asian Test Championships of 1998–99 and 2001–02, and the ICC World Test Championship which began in 2019.
Canned tomato
Canned tomatoes, or tinned tomatoes, are tomatoes, usually peeled, that are sealed into a can after having been processed by heat. Industrially produced canned tomatoes are a staple food worldwide, and subject to regular market analysis as well as trade considerations.

Canned tomatoes may be produced either peeled whole, diced, or crushed. Some manufacturers include calcium chloride as a food stabilizer, to retain the shape of the whole or diced tomato; this can be preferred by cooks for recipes where discrete tomato chunks are desirable, such as chili con carne. Crushed tomatoes, tomato purée, tomato sauce and tomato paste typically do not contain calcium chloride, given their more liquid structure.

Tomato paste
Tomato paste is a thick paste made from tomatoes, which are cooked for several hours to reduce water content. The seeds and skins are then strained out and the liquid is cooked again to reduce the base to a thick, rich concentrate. Tomato paste is used to impart an intense tomato flavour to a variety of dishes, such as pasta, soups and braised meat. It is used as an ingredient in many world cuisines.

By contrast, tomato purée is a liquid with a thinner consistency than tomato paste, while tomato sauce is even thinner in consistency.
Prunus sect. Prunocerasus
Prunus sect. Prunocerasus (meaning plum-cherry) is a section of the genus Prunus. 
Koehne originally described it as comprising the North American plums and placed it in the subgenus Cerasus. The section is now generally recognized as belonging to Prunus subg. Prunus.

Species attributed to this section include:

P. alleghaniensis Porter

P. americana Marshall

P. angustifolia Marshall

P. geniculata R.M.Harper

P. gracilis Engelm. & A.Gray

P. hortulana L.H.Bailey

P. maritima Marshall

P. mexicana S.Watson

P. munsoniana Wight & Hedrick

P. murrayana E.J.Palmer

P. nigra Aiton

P. × orthosepala Koehne

P. × palmeri Sarg.

P. rivularis Scheele

P. × slavinii Palmer ex Rehder

P. subcordata Benth.

P. texana D.Dietr.

P. umbellata Elliott

Prunus subcordata
Prunus subcordata, known by the common names Klamath plum, Oregon plum, Pacific plum and Sierra plum, is a member of the genus Prunus, native to the western United States, especially California and Oregon.
Hemavati (raga)
Hemavati (pronounced hēmavati) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 58th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. The Shuddha Madhyamam (M₁) equivalent of this raga is Kharaharapriya.

It is called Simhāravam or Deshi Simhāravam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. It is beloved especially of nadaswaram vidwans. It is said to be borrowed into Hindustani music from Carnatic music, especially with instrumentalists.

Melakarta
Mēḷakartā is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Mēḷakartā ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be derived. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter usage is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta (take the raga Bhairavi, for example).

In Hindustani music the thaat is the rough equivalent of Melakartā. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
Bare Knuckle Pickups
Bare Knuckle Pickups (Bare Knuckle, or BKP) is a privately owned business based in the South West of England, UK, specialising in hand-wound electric guitar pickups. The company was founded in 2003 by Tim Mills, who had previously worked with Elkie Brooks and Iced Earth.

Pickup (music technology)
A pickup is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to another that captures or senses mechanical vibrations produced by musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments such as the electric guitar, and converts these to an electrical signal that is amplified using an instrument amplifier to produce musical sounds through a loudspeaker in a speaker enclosure. The signal from a pickup can also be recorded directly.

The first electrical string instrument with pickups, the "Frying Pan" slide guitar, was created by George Beauchamp and Adolph Rickenbacker around 1931.

Most electric guitars and electric basses use magnetic pickups. Acoustic guitars, upright basses and fiddles often use a piezo electric pickup.
Oscar Uddenäs
Fredrik Oscar Olle Uddenäs (born 17 August 2002) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Östers IF. Before he joined ”Öster” he played in a Dutch club Excelsior, but was loaned out to AIK

2021 Superettan
The 2021 Superettan was part of the 2021 Swedish football season, and the 22nd season of Superettan, Sweden's second-tier football division in its current format. A total of 16 teams contested the league.
Lovett Bay
Lovett Bay is a suburb and adjacent bay in northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 36 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council.

Lovett Bay is in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, on the western shores of Pittwater, beside Elvina Bay. Scotland Island, Church Point and Morning Bay are nearby. Although on the mainland, access to Lovett Bay is by water, with no road access. Residents use their own boats to commute to Church Point or use the public ferry service.

Bushwalkers can access the southern shore of Lovett Bay and neighbouring Elvina Bay via:

Elvina Bay Circuit. The circuit includes access to the bottom and top of Elvina Waterfalls.

Towlers Bay Circuit. This circuit descends from Birnie Lookout to Lovett Bay.

Northern Beaches Council
The Northern Beaches Council is a local government area located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 after the amalgamation of Manly, Pittwater, and Warringah councils.

The Council comprises an area of 254 square kilometres (98 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 263,554, making it the fourth-most populous local government area in New South Wales.

The Mayor of the Northern Beaches Council is Cr. Sue Heins, of the Your Northern Beaches Independent Team, since 16 May 2023.
Horqin Left Rear Banner
Horqin Left Rear Banner (Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ; Chinese: 科尔沁左翼后旗, original Mongolian name Büve vang qosigu) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the north and its banner seat is the town of Ganjig. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin Mongolian.

Tongliao
Tongliao is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, its population was 2,873,168 (3,139,153 in 2010). However, the city proper made of Horqin district, had 921,808 inhabitants. The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jirem League.

The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District) is Bayitalai (Chinese: 白音泰赉/巴林太来; pinyin: Báiyīntàilài; lit. 'having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is Jirem. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.
Post-oak bluff
In no-limit or pot-limit poker, a post-oak bluff is a very small bet relative to the size of the already-existing pot. This type of bluff may be employed as an attempt at using reverse psychology to steal the pot. It holds comparatively little risk for the player making the bet. The term was popularized by Doyle Brunson in his 1979 book Super System.

Pot (poker)
The pot in poker refers to the sum of money that players wager during a single hand or game, according to the betting rules of the variant being played. It is likely that the word pot is related to or derived from the word jackpot.

At the conclusion of a hand, either by all but one player folding, or by showdown, the pot is won or shared by the player or players holding the winning cards. Sometimes a pot can be split between many players. This is particularly true in high-low games where not only the highest hand can win, but under appropriate conditions, the lowest hand will win a share of the pot.

See "all in" for more information about side pots.
Steven Taylor (footballer)
Steven Vincent Taylor (born 23 January 1986) is an English former professional footballer and head coach. As a defender, he played over 200 games in the Premier League with Newcastle United, in the span of 13 seasons.

UAE Third Division League
UAE Third Division League is the fourth tier of football league competition in the United Arab Emirates, the league is organised by UAE Football Association for private funded clubs. The league was established for the 2021–22 season. 12 teams participated in the first edition, divided in two groups of six. On 6 July 2022, UAEFA announced that the number of participants will increase from 12 to 16 teams for the 2022–23 season, an increase of 4 teams from the 2021–22 season.The current champions as of the 2023–24 season are the Arabian Falcons FC .
Tubular Bells 2003
Tubular Bells 2003 is the 22nd studio album by English musician Mike Oldfield, released on 26 May 2003 by Warner Music Spain. It is a digital re-recording of his 1973 album Tubular Bells, released almost 30 years earlier. This is the final album in the Tubular Bells series.

DVD-Audio
DVD-Audio (commonly abbreviated as DVD-A) is a digital format for delivering high-fidelity audio content on a DVD. DVD-Audio uses most of the storage on the disc for high-quality audio and is not intended to be a video delivery format.

The standard was published in March 1999 and the first discs entered the marketplace in 2000. DVD-Audio was in a format war with Super Audio CD (SACD), and along with consumers' tastes trending towards downloadable and streaming music, these factors meant that neither high-quality disc achieved considerable market traction; DVD-Audio has been described as "extinct" by 2007. DVD-Audio remains a niche market but some independent online labels offer a wider choice of titles.
Thomas More Prep-Marian
Thomas More Prep-Marian (TMP-M), TMP, is a co-educational Catholic college preparatory high school located in Hays, Kansas in the United States.  The original school was founded by the Capuchin Franciscan order. Although now governed by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salina, the order still maintains a presence in the school.

Diocese of Salina
The Diocese of Salina (Latin: Dioecesis Salinensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Kansas in the United States. The diocese was founded as the Diocese of Concordia in 1887 and renamed in 1944 as the Diocese of Salina. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas.
Institute of Tai Studies and Research
The Institute of Tai Studies and Research (ITSAR) is a Tai-Ahom language teaching institute in Moran, Charaideo, Assam, India. It is an affiliate autonomous institute under Dibrugarh University and offers a one-year Tai-Ahom language diploma course and a three-month certificate course in spoken Tai-Ahom language affiliated to Dibrugarh University. ITSAR was established in 2001.
In every year many foreign scholars from the Tai populated countries like Australia, Germany, Japan, Thailand, China, and Myanmar (Kachin and Shan state) come to the Tai inhabited areas of Assam, Northeast India in search of primary research materials i.e. Scripts on various aspects of the Tai people in North-East India. In the event of this, the establishment of Institute of Tai Studies and Research (ITSAR) is an academic venture which has the potentiality of attracting the scholars, students, and tourists, especially from the Southeast Asian Tai populated countries to Assam.

Tai peoples
Tai peoples are the populations who speak (or formerly spoke) the Tai languages. There are a total of about 93 million people of Tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being Dai, Thai, Isan, Lao, Shan, Ahom, Zhuang, Tày, Nùng, Táy, and some Northern Thai peoples.

The Tai are scattered through much of South China and Mainland Southeast Asia, with some (e.g. Tai Ahom, Tai Khamti, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton) inhabiting parts of Northeast India. Tai peoples are both culturally and genetically very similar and therefore primarily identified through their language.
2024 West Virginia Secretary of State election
The 2024 West Virginia Secretary of State election was held on November 5, 2024, to elect the next secretary of state of West Virginia, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the U.S. Senate and various state and local elections, including for U.S. House and governor of West Virginia. Incumbent Republican secretary of state Mac Warner was eligible to seek re-election to a third term but has chosen instead to run for governor.

The Republican nominee, Kris Warner, was elected West Virginia's Secretary of State on November 5, 2024.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
Factor shares
In macroeconomics, factor shares are the share of production given to the factors of production, usually capital and labor.  This concept uses the methods and fits into the framework of neoclassical economics.

Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.

Neoclassical economics is the dominant approach to microeconomics and, together with Keynesian economics, formed the neoclassical synthesis which dominated mainstream economics as "neo-Keynesian economics" from the 1950s onward.
Changjiangbu–Jingmen railway
The Changjiangbu–Jingmen railway (Chinese: 长荆铁路) is a railway line that connects the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway at Jingmen with the Hankou–Danjiangkou railway at Xiaxindian. It is 176 kilometres (109 mi) long.

Construction on the line began in November 1998. Passenger service was introduced in 2005. Electrification of the line was completed in 2012.

The Jianghan Plain railway splits from the line to the east of Tianmen railway station.

Hankou–Danjiangkou railway
The Hankou–Danjiangkou railway or Handan railway (simplified Chinese: 汉丹铁路; traditional Chinese: 漢丹鐵路; pinyin: hàndān tiělù), is a railroad in central China between Wuhan and Danjiangkou in Hubei Province. The line is 411 km (255 mi) long and follows the Han River from Wuhan's Hankou District north to Danjiangkou near the border with Henan Province. The line was built from 1958 to 1966 and double-tracked in 2009. Major cities and towns along route include Wuhan, Anlu, Suizhou, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Laohekou and Danjiangkou.

This line along with Xiangyang–Chongqing Railway is the traditional route linking Sichuan and Chongqing with Eastern China. After the completion of Yichang-Wanzhou Railway the line's importance decreased slightly but many conventional trains still use this route.
Ivanili Heights
Ivanili Heights (Bulgarian: Иванилски възвишения, ‘Ivanilski Vazvisheniya’ \i-va-'nil-ski v&z-vi-'she-ni-ya\) are the heights extending 10 km in north-south direction and 7.5 km wide, rising to 1434 m (Stargel Peak) on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  They are bounded by Brenitsa Glacier to the west and Rogosh Glacier to the east, and linked by Okorsh Saddle to Foster Plateau to the north.  The feature is named after the settlement of Ivanili in Northern Bulgaria.

Brenitsa Glacier
Brenitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Бреница, romanized: lednik Brenitsa, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ brɛˈnit͡sɐ]) is the 14 km long and 4.5 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica situated southwest of Drygalski Glacier, west of Rogosh Glacier and east of Hektoria Glacier.  Draining southwards from the south slopes of Foster Plateau east of Mount Quandary to flow into Vaughan Inlet, Weddell Sea next east of Hektoria Glacier.

The feature is named after the settlements of Brenitsa in northern and northeastern Bulgaria.
Bongshang
Bongshang are a Scottish band from Shetland, who fuse traditional Shetland and folk styles with rock, funk, electronica and contemporary production techniques. They have been likened to Celtic fusion artists such as Shooglenifty and Martyn Bennett.

Bongshang have recorded three studio albums to date (Crude, The Hurricane Jungle and Vy-lo-fone), made numerous TV appearances, licensed tracks for TV, featured on several compilation albums and toured the UK and Europe extensively, playing with artists such as Rory Gallagher, Joan Baez, Capercaillie, Alan Stivell, Aly Bain and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra.

Malachy Tallack
Malachy Tallack (born 20 November 1980) is a Shetland singer-songwriter, journalist and author, who was born in England and moved to Shetland with his family when he was ten years old.

He edited the magazine Shetland Life, and founded the online magazine The Island Review. He wrote a weekly column for the New Statesman about his experiences of rural life and living on a remote Scottish island, and has since published two books of non-fiction: Sixty Degrees North (2015), which was a BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week, and The Un-Discovered Islands (2016), which won the Edward Stanford Illustrated Travel Book of the Year Award 2017.

As a musician, Tallack has released three albums of folk-rock music, and supported Runrig on their 2007 UK tour.