hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Himno Istmeño
"Himno Istmeño" (English: "Isthmian Hymn") is the national anthem of Panama (Spanish: Himno Nacional de Panamá). The music was composed by Santos A. Jorge, and the lyrics were written by Jeronimo de la Ossa. It is also known by its incipit, "Alcanzamos por fin la victoria" ("At last we reached victory").

The song is directed to the average, working-class Panamanian, with such lyrics as "Ahead the shovel and pick; At work without any more dilation".

National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
2010 Camparini Gioielli Cup
The 2010 Camparini Gioielli Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Reggio Emilia, Italy between 21 and 27 June 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Paradise Island (Florida)
Paradise Island is one of three islands in Lake Tohopekaliga, Osceola County, Florida. It was purchased by the State of Florida on October 27, 2000 in cooperation with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), The Trust for Public Land, and Osceola County. Ownership was transferred to FWC on December 28, 2000. The island is managed by FWC as a wildlife and educational preserve.

Osceola County, Florida
Osceola County (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 388,656. Its county seat is Kissimmee. Osceola County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Being 54.3% Hispanic, Osceola is one of three Hispanic-majority counties in Florida, owing to its large Puerto Rican American population. It also is the 12th-largest majority-Hispanic county in the nation.
Evening on Karl Johan
Evening on Karl Johan (Norwegian: Aften på Karl Johan) is a painting by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch from 1892. It shows a crowd of people walking towards the viewer on Karl Johans Gate in Kristiania, present-day Oslo, and is one of the earliest works of Munch's Frieze of Life.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker. He was one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century art. Kirchner volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. His work was branded as "degenerate" by the Nazis in 1933, and in 1937 more than 600 of his works were sold or destroyed.
Saattoq
Saattoq (old spelling: Sâtoq) is a former settlement in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It was located in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago, in Tasiusaq Bay, straddling Saattorsuaq Island, and the nearby Saattoq skerry.

Upernavik Archipelago
Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°N 56.000°W﻿ / 71.833; -56.000 to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W﻿ / ﻿74.833°N 57.500°W﻿ / 74.833; -57.500.
N.O.M.
N.O.M. (also, NOM: Neformálnoye objedinénie molodiózhi, The Informal Youth Association) is a Soviet/Russian experimental rock band, formed in 1987 in Saint Petersburg (then Leningrad), known  for its mix of art rock, ska, folklore, classical influences (including occasional bouts of operatic singing) and eccentric theatrical stage shows. N.O.M.'s national breakthrough came in the late 1980s when LenTV started playing the band's controversial videos. Short-time heroes of post-Perestroika alternative culture, N.O.M. have never been accepted neither by the massive pop/rock audiences, nor by the mainstream Russian media, but gathered a strong cult following. The band split into two in 1997, but the 2000s saw NOM-Zhir and NOM-Euro gradually reintegrating, the official reunion concert held on 20 April 2007 in the Saint Petersburg's "Port" Club.

Daniil Kharms
Daniil Ivanovich Kharms (Russian: Дании́л Ива́нович Хармс; 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1905 – 2 February 1942) was a Russian avant-gardist and absurdist poet, writer and dramatist in the early Soviet era.
Adaptation (eye)
In visual physiology, adaptation is the ability of the retina of the eye to adjust to various levels of light. Natural night vision, or scotopic vision, is the ability to see under low-light conditions. In humans, rod cells are exclusively responsible for night vision, as cone cells are only able to function at higher illumination levels. Night vision is of lower quality than day vision because it is limited in resolution and colors cannot be discerned; only shades of gray are seen. In order for humans to transition from day to night vision they must undergo a dark adaptation period of up to two hours in which each eye adjusts from a high to a low luminescence "setting", increasing sensitivity hugely, by many orders of magnitude. This adaptation period is different between rod and cone cells and results from the regeneration of photopigments to increase retinal sensitivity. Light adaptation, in contrast, works very quickly, within seconds.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP.  Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface. Through protein kinases activation, cGMP can relax smooth muscle. cGMP concentration in urine can be measured for kidney function and diabetes detection.
Francisco de Borja Canella y Secades
Francisco de Borja Canella y Secades was a Spanish Divisional General during the 19th century. He was famously known as the "Hero of Sao del Indio" for his service during the Battle of Sao del Indio of the Cuban War of Independence and earned the Laureate Cross of San Fernando for his service there.

Cross of Military Merit
The Cross of Military Merit (Spanish: Cruces del Mérito Militar) is Spain's military awards for gallantry or merit in war or peace and is awarded to members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians.
St Mawes (UK Parliament constituency)
St Mawes was a rotten borough in Cornwall, England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1562 to 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act in 1832.

Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.
Thomas Clutterbuck (priest)
Thomas Clutterbuck, D.D. (died 1700) was  an English priest in the  17th century.

Clutterbuck was  born in Dinton, Buckinghamshire and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, becoming Fellow in 1644.  He held livings at Leckford, Llandrillo and Southampton. Clutterbuck was Archdeacon of Winchester from 1684 to 1700.

Archdeacon of Bournemouth
The archdeacon of Bournemouth is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Winchester. The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the archdeaconry, which consists of six deaneries in the southern part of the diocese: Bournemouth, Christchurch, Eastleigh, Lyndhurst, Romsey and Southampton. Before 2000, the title was archdeacon of Winchester.
Karl Friedrich I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels
Karl Friedrich I of Münsterberg-Oels (also: Karl Friedrich I of Poděbrady; German: Karl Friedrich I. von Oels und Münsterberg or Karl Friedrich I. von Podiebrad; Czech: Karel Bedřich z Minstrberka; 18 October 1593, Oleśnica – 31 May 1647, Oleśnica) was Duke of Oels from 1617 to 1647 and Duke of Bernstadt from 1639 to 1647.  He also held the titles of Duke of Münsterberg and Count of Glatz.

Duchy of Münsterberg
The Duchy of Münsterberg (German: Herzogtum Münsterberg) or Duchy of Ziębice (Polish: Księstwo Ziębickie, Czech: Minstrberské knížectví) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, with a capital in Münsterberg (Ziębice). Existing from 1321/1322 to 1742, it was located in what came to be referred to as Lower Silesia. Its territory is similar to modern Ząbkowice Śląskie County in Poland.
Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Laser Radial
The Laser Radial was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics program in Qingdao International Sailing Centre. Eleven races (last one a medal race) were scheduled. Only ten races were completed including the medal race due to lack of wind. 28 sailors, on 28 boats, from 28 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race.

Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly the cancelled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 2008 consisted of a total of nine sailing classes (eleven disciplines). Eleven races are scheduled for each event except for the 49er class, for which 16 races are scheduled from 9 August 2008 to 21 August 2008 of the coast of the Qingdao International Sailing Centre facing the Yellow Sea. Of the 11 (16) races, 10 (15) are scheduled as opening races and one as a medal race. The sailing was done on four different types of courses.
Gastón Ramírez
Gastón Exequiel Ramírez Pereyra (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡaˈston raˈmiɾes]; born 2 December 1990) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Miramar Misiones.

He had spells in Uruguay with Peñarol and in Italy with Bologna before moving into the Premier League to Southampton. During his time with Southampton, he spent one season on loan to Hull City in the 2014–15 season in the same division, and the first half of the 2016–17 season with Middlesbrough before joining them permanently for one season. In 2017 he moved back to Italy signing with Sampdoria, before joining Monza in 2021.

Since 2010, he has represented the Uruguay national team, playing for them at the 2012 Olympics, 2013 Confederations Cup and 2014 World Cup.

2009–10 Campeonato Uruguayo Primera División
The 2009–10 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the 2009–10 Copa Uruguaya or the 2009–10 Campeonato Uruguayo, was the 106th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 79th in which it was professional. The season was named in honor of Héctor del Campo, ex-president of Danubio.
Stanley Slagg
Stanley Wilmer Slagg (July 6, 1903 – December 22, 1978) was an American lawyer and politician from Edgerton, Wisconsin, who served two terms as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and afterwards repeatedly ran for various elective offices, either as a Progressive or as a Republican.

Rock County, Wisconsin
Rock County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 163,687. Its county seat is Janesville. Rock County comprises the Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area and is included in the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Timeline of Septimania
Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century before its reconquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia. This article presents a timeline of its history.

Reccared I
Reccared I (or Recared; Latin: Flavius Reccaredus; Spanish: Flavio Recaredo; c. 559 – December 601; reigned 586–601) was the king of the Visigoths, ruling in Hispania, Gallaecia and Septimania. His reign marked a climactic shift in history, with the king's renunciation of Arianism in favour of Nicene Christianity in 587.
Transient lingual papillitis
Transient lingual papillitis (TLP) is a medical term for painful, hypertrophic, red, and white lingual papillae on the tongue. TLP is also called lie bumps and fungiform papillary glossitis. This condition has four types: classic form, transient u-shaped lingual papillitis, papulokeratotic variant, and eruptive lingual papillitis. TLP can occur in early childhood and can come back from time to time due to various causes that include stress, spicy foods, poor oral hygiene, and dental work. TLP can be diagnosed at the dentist's office, and treatments are provided only to help manage or decrease the symptoms. This condition normally lasts 1-2 days, but depending on the type it can last up to 15 days. In folklore, it was said if someone was caught telling a lie, a bump was formed on their tongue and if there were a lot of bumps, then it made that person a compulsive liar.

Lingual papillae
Lingual papillae (sg.: papilla, from Latin  lingua 'tongue' and  papilla 'nipple, teat') are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture. The four types of papillae on the human tongue have different structures and are accordingly classified as circumvallate (or vallate), fungiform, filiform, and foliate. All except the filiform papillae are associated with taste buds.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The men's 200 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Kurt Grote of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.

1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre breaststroke
The men's 200 metre breaststroke competition at the 1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 13 at the NISHI Civic Pool.  The last champion was Akira Hayashi of Japan.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.
Computed tomography dose index
The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) is a commonly used radiation exposure index in X-ray computed tomography (CT), first defined in 1981. The unit of CTDI is the gray (Gy) and it can be used in conjunction with patient size to estimate the absorbed dose. The CTDI and absorbed dose may differ by more than a factor of two for small patients such as children.

Absorbed dose
Absorbed dose  is a dose quantity which represents the specific energy (energy per unit mass) deposited by ionizing radiation in living matter. Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiation oncology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment). It is also used to directly compare the effect of radiation on inanimate matter such as in radiation hardening.

The SI unit of measure is the gray (Gy), which is defined as one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter. The older, non-SI CGS unit rad,  is sometimes also used, predominantly in the USA.
Kafiatur Rizky
Muhammad Kafiatur Rizky (born 17 July 2006) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Super League club Dewa United Banten and the Indonesia national under-20 team.

2022 AFF U-16 Youth Championship
The 2022 AFF U-16 Championship was the fifteenth edition of the AFF U-16 Youth Championship, the annual international youth association football championship organised by the ASEAN Football Federation for men's under-16 national teams of Southeast Asia. It was hosted by Indonesia from 31 July to 12 August 2022. Twelve member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation competed in the tournament featuring three groups of four teams. The planned 2020 and 2021 AFF U-16 Youth Championship were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. Players born after 1 January 2006 could participate in this tournament.

Indonesia beat Vietnam 1–0 in the final for their second title in the championship.
Republic, Lost
Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It is the sixth book by Harvard law professor and free culture activist Lawrence Lessig. In a departure from the topics of his previous books, Republic, Lost outlines what Lessig considers to be the systemic corrupting influence of special-interest money on American politics, and only mentions copyright and other free culture topics briefly, as examples. He argued that the Congress in 2011 spent the first quarter debating debit-card fees while ignoring what he sees as more pressing issues, including health care reform or global warming or the deficit. Lessig has been described in The New York Times as an "original and dynamic legal scholar."

In October, 2015 a second edition of the book was published.

Robert G. Kaiser
Robert Greeley Kaiser (born 7 April 1943) is an American journalist and author. He retired from The Washington Post in early 2014 after a career of more than 50 years on the paper. During his career he served as managing editor (1991–98) and associate editor and senior correspondent (1998-2014). He is the author or co-author of eight books. After retiring he wrote a much-discussed article for the Post explaining his decision to move away from Washington D.C. after living there for most of 70 years.
Eugène Minkowski
Eugène Minkowski (French: [øʒɛn mɛ̃kɔwski]; born Eugeniusz Minkowski; 17 April 1885 – 17 November 1972) was a French psychiatrist of Jewish Polish origin, known for his incorporation of phenomenology into psychopathology and for exploring the notion of "lived time". A student of Eugen Bleuler, he was also associated with the work of Ludwig Binswanger and Henri Ey. He was influenced by phenomenological philosophy and the vitalistic philosophy of Henri Bergson, and by the phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler; therefore his work departed from classical medical and psychological models. He was a prolific author in several languages and regarded as a great humanitarian. Minkowski accepted the phenomenological essence of schizophrenia as the "trouble générateur" ("generative disturbance"), which he thought consists in a loss of "vital contact with reality" and shows itself as autism.

Karl Jaspers
Karl Theodor Jaspers (/ˈjɑːspərz/; German: [kaʁl ˈjaspɐs] ⓘ; 23 February 1883 – 26 February 1969) was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. His 1913 work General Psychopathology influenced many later diagnostic criteria, and argued for a distinction between "primary" and "secondary" delusions.

After being trained in and practising psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to develop an innovative philosophical system. He was often viewed as a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, though he did not accept the label.
Red Rectangle Nebula
The Red Rectangle Nebula, so called because of its red color and unique rectangular shape, is a protoplanetary nebula in the Monoceros constellation.  Also known as HD 44179, the nebula was discovered in 1973 during a rocket flight associated with the AFCRL Infrared Sky Survey called Hi Star.  The binary system at the center of the nebula was first discovered by Robert Grant Aitken in 1915.

Monoceros
Monoceros (Greek: Μονόκερως, "unicorn") is a faint constellation on the celestial equator. Its definition is attributed to the 17th-century cartographer Petrus Plancius. It is bordered by Orion to the west, Gemini to the north, Canis Major to the south, and Hydra to the east. Other bordering constellations include Canis Minor, Lepus, and Puppis.
History of Western typography
Modern typographers view typography as a craft with a very long history tracing its origins back to the first punches and dies used to make seals and coinage currency in ancient times. The basic elements of typography are at least as old as civilization and the earliest writing systems—a series of key developments that were eventually drawn together into one systematic craft. While woodblock printing and movable type had precedents in East Asia, typography in the Western world developed after the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century. The initial spread of printing throughout Germany and Italy led to the enduring legacy and continued use of blackletter, roman, and italic types.

Type foundry
A type foundry is a company that designs or distributes typefaces. Before digital typography, type foundries manufactured and sold metal and wood typefaces for hand typesetting, and matrices for line-casting machines like the Linotype and Monotype, for letterpress printers. Today's digital type foundries accumulate and distribute typefaces (typically as digitized fonts) created by type designers, who may either be freelancers operating their own independent foundry, or employed by a foundry. Type foundries may also provide custom type design services.
Salhab
Salhab (Arabic: سلحب, also known as Khirbet Salhab) is a small Palestinian village in the Tubas Governorate in the northeastern West Bank, located four kilometers north of Tubas. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, it had a population of 45 living in five households in 2007 and a population of 25 in 2017. As of 2007, its mayor was Fawze Sawafta.

Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem
The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ; Arabic: معهد الابحاث التطبيقية - القدس) is a Palestinian NGO founded in 1990 with its main office in Bethlehem in the West Bank. ARIJ is actively working on research projects in the fields of management of natural resources, water management, sustainable agriculture and political dynamics of development in the Palestinian Territories.
Norton Center Historic District
The Norton Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the town center and adjacent Wheaton College campus in Norton, Massachusetts.  It includes the town's major civic buildings, as well as its oldest surviving house, in a spacious New England town center organized around the town common at the junction of Massachusetts Routes 123 and 140.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Massachusetts Route 123
Route 123 is a 41.91-mile-long (67.45 km) east–west (though geographically more northeast-southwest) state highway in southeastern Massachusetts. It crosses northern Bristol and Plymouth counties, crossing several highways along the way.