hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kot Abbas Pura
Kot Abbas Pura is a small village located on the periphery of village Behrwaal (Pattoki) near the thana (police station) at Sarai Mughal (Mughal's Inn). This village has a population of almost 100 people.There has been the classic system of "Punchayat" (informal legal courts) being administered by a Landlord Malik Mumtaz Hussain Awan. This system of punchayat is an ages-old method of delivering speedy and less-expensive justice in South Asia. But with the advent of rapid urbanization, of even small towns in South Asia, the system of formal courts constituted by the state government is replacing this old mode of trial.On the economic side, sugar cane, wheat, rice, cotton, maize and other fruits and vegetables are grown here.

Pattoki
Pattoki (Urdu: پتّوكى) is a city in the Kasur District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It serves as the headquarters of Pattoki Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Kasur District. Pattoki is recognized as the 'City of Flowers' due to its abundance of floral diversity. However, it remains a significantly neglected city in terms of administrative support, with demands persisting for its elevation to district status, especially given its considerable distance from Kasur city, which serves as the headquarters of the Kasur district.
Prodanelli
The House of Prodanelli or Prodanello (in Latin and Italian; Croatian: Prodančić) was a Ragusan noble family that produced state officials (rectors, senators, judges, diplomats, notaries, etc.), while others were either prelates or sea captains, shipowners and merchants. The family was related to the Palmotta.

Palmotić
The House of Palmotić known as Palmotta in Italian, was one of the oldest and most prominent families of the city of Dubrovnik. Many of its representatives were Rectors (Knezes) of the Republic of Ragusa, as well as members of the Small Council, Senate and Grand Council. Some of them were notable poets and playwrights.
Vultocinus
Vultocinus anfractus is a species of crab, the only species in the family Vultocinidae. It has been found around the Philippines, Vanuatu and New Caledonia, and lives on driftwood. Its discovery forced a reappraisal of the relationships within the superfamily Goneplacoidea, and to the recognition of Mathildellidae, Conleyidae and Progeryonidae as separate families.

Mathildellidae
Mathildellidae is family of crabs belonging to the superfamily Goneplacoidea, containing the following genera:

Beuroisia Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981

†Branchioplax  Rathbun, 1916

†Coeloma  A. Milne-Edwards, 1865

Intesius Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981

Mathildella Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981

Neopilumnoplax Serène, 1969

Platypilumnus Alcock, 1894

†Tehuacana  Stenzel, 1944
Melghat
Melghat was among the first nine tiger reserves of India to be notified in 1973 under Project Tiger. It is located in the northern part of Amravati District of Maharashtra. Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as in 1985. The total area of the reserve is 2,768 square kilometres.

Project Tiger
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation movement initiated in India to protect the endangered tiger. The project was initiated in 1973 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India. As of March 2025, there are 58 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves under the project. As of 2022, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.
Yokoi Shōnan
Yokoi Shōnan (横井 小楠) (born Yokoi Tokiari; September 22, 1809 – February 15, 1869) was a Bakumatsu and early Meiji period scholar and political reformer in Japan, influential around the fall of the Tokugawa bakufu.

Government of Meiji Japan
The Government of Meiji Japan (明治政府, Meiji seifu) was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.

Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate.
Kokozek (river)
The Kokozek (Kazakh: Көкөзек) is a river in the Aksu City Administration and Ekibastuz City Administration, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan. It is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long and has a catchment area of 508 square kilometres (196 sq mi).

The river is part of the Irtysh Basin. In the spring the Kokozek is used to water local livestock.

Irtysh
The Irtysh (/ɜːrˈtɪʃ, ˈɪərtɪʃ/) is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.

The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia.

The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol, Demyanka and the Ishim. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.
2023 Open Saint-Brieuc
The 2023 Open Saint-Brieuc Armor Agglomération was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Saint-Brieuc, France between 20 and 26 March 2023.

Open Saint-Brieuc
The Open Saint-Brieuc Armor Agglomération (formerly Open Harmonie mutuelle, Open Prévadiès Saint–Brieuc) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It is part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Saint-Brieuc, France, in 2004-2024 and restarting in 2026 as a Challenger 100.
Inal Ardzinba
Inal Batuvych Ardzinba (Abkhaz: Инал Арӡынба; Georgian: ინალ არძინბა; Russian: Инал Батувич Ардзинба; born 26 July 1990) is an Abkhazian politician who was Minister for Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia from November 2021 to May 2024.

Minister for Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia
The office of Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia was created on 17 May 1993, during the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. Empirical data nevertheless show that Abkhazia's Foreign Ministry also enacts (mostly low-level) diplomatic relations, such as the sending of diplomatic notes, with various countries across the world, including Nauru, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Syria. It is also active in managing relations with other post-Soviet de facto states such as South Ossetia, Transnistria, and the Lugansk People's Republic.
Dimes Square
Dimes Square is a microneighborhood of New York City and art scene located between the Chinatown and Lower East Side neighborhoods of Manhattan. The exact perimeter and nature of the neighborhood is debated, though survey data from The New York Times lists it as roughly the five blocks on either side of Canal Street between Allen Street and Essex Street.

Essex Street
Essex Street is a north–south street on the Lower East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. North of Houston Street, the street becomes Avenue A, which goes north to 14th Street. South of Canal Street it becomes Rutgers Street, the southern end of which is at South Street.

Essex Street was laid out by James Delancey just before the American Revolution as the east side of a "Delancey Square" intended for a genteel ownership. Delancey named the street after the county of Essex in England. Delancey returned to England as a Loyalist in 1775, and the square was developed as building lots.

Long a part of the Lower East Side Jewish enclave, many Jewish-owned stores still operate on the street, including a pickle shop and many Judaica shops. During the late 19th and early 20th century it was sometimes referred to colloquially as 'Pickle Alley'. It is also home to the Essex Street Market.

South of Hester Street, Essex Street is bordered on the east by Seward Park.
Kurgan stelae
Kurgan stelae  or balbals (Kyrgyz: балбал [bɑlbɑl]; from Turkic word balbal meaning "ancestor" or "grandfather") are anthropomorphic stone stelae, images cut from stone, installed atop, within or around kurgans (i.e. tumuli), in kurgan cemeteries, or in a double line extending from a kurgan. The stelae are also described as "obelisks" or "statue menhirs".

Spanning more than three millennia, they are clearly the product of multiple different cultures. The earliest are associated with the Pit Grave culture of the Pontic–Caspian steppe (and therefore with the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the mainstream Kurgan hypothesis). The Iron Age specimens are identified with the Scythians and medieval examples with Turkic peoples.

Such stelae are found in large numbers in Southern Russia, Ukraine, Prussia, southern Siberia, Central Asia, Turkey, and Mongolia.

Aleksey Uvarov
Count Aleksey Sergeyevich Uvarov (Russian: Алексе́й Серге́евич Ува́ров; 28 February 1825 – 29 December 1884) was a Russian archaeologist often considered to be the founder of the study of the prehistory of Russia.
Azanites
Azanites (Ancient Greek: Ἀζανίτης) was a physician of ancient Greece whose medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some celebrity, as they are quoted and praised by Galen, Oribasius, Aëtius of Amida, Paulus Aegineta, Heras of Cappadocia and others.

He is credited with creating medical preparations to deal with ulcers, wounds, and other diseases. As Galen is the earliest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must have lived some time in or before the second century CE. Some scholars put him around the 1st century BCE.

Ancient Greek medicine
Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials. The Greek term for medicine was iatrikē (Ancient Greek: ἰατρική). Many components were considered in ancient Greek medicine, intertwining the spiritual with the physical.  Specifically, the ancient Greeks believed health was affected by the humors, geographic location, social class, diet, trauma, beliefs, and mindset. Early on the ancient Greeks believed that illnesses were "divine punishments" and that healing was a "gift from the Gods". As trials continued wherein theories were tested against symptoms and results, the pure spiritual beliefs regarding "punishments" and "gifts" were replaced with a foundation based in the physical, i.e., cause and effect.
Water aeration
Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms.

Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.
Football in Russia
Association football is the just about the most popular sport in Russia, surpassing ice hockey only by a little bit. Approximately 52% of the Russians are interested in football.

Men's football is overseen by the Russian Football Union, having the Russian Premier League as the first tier of the Russian football league system, with the Russian Football National League being the second tier.

On 28 February 2022, due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a recommendation by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIFA and UEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in the Qatar 2022 World Cup. The Russian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans.

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.
Khanatha bint Bakkar
Lalla Khanatha bint Bakkar (Arabic: خناثة بنت الشيخ بكار المغافري, romanized: Khunātha bint Shaykh Bakkār al-Mghāfrī) (1668–1754), was one of the wives of Sultan Moulay Ismail (r. 1672–1727), and acted as his de facto First Minister and Secretary. After his death, she remained active in the political governance of Morocco during the unstable situation which followed as the mother of Sultan Moulay Abdallah (r. 1729–1757).

Fes Jdid
34°3′19″N 4°59′25″W﻿ / ﻿34.05528°N 4.99028°W﻿ / 34.05528; -4.99028

Fes Jdid or Fes el-Jdid (Arabic: فاس الجديد, romanized: Fās al-Jadīd, lit. 'New Fez') is one of the three parts of Fez, the second largest city of Morocco. It was founded by the Marinids in 1276 as an extension of Fes el Bali (the old city or medina) and as a royal citadel and capital. It is occupied in large part by the historic Royal Palace (the Dar al-Makhzen), which was once the center of government in Morocco and which is still used on occasion by the King of Morocco today. The district also contains the historic Mellah (Jewish quarter) of the city. Since 1981 it has been classified, along with Fes el-Bali, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Electrical Safety Foundation
The Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Rosslyn, Virginia, US dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home, school, and in the workplace. Founded in 1994 as a cooperative effort by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), ESFI is funded by charitable contributions from, distributors, Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories, retailers, insurers, utilities, safety organizations, and trade and labor associations. The mission of ESFI is to prevent electrically-related injuries, deaths, and fires through public education and outreach.

National Fire Protection Association
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a U.S.-based international nonprofit organization devoted to eliminating death, injury, property damage, and economic loss due to fire, electrical, and related hazards. As of 2025, the NFPA claims to have 50,000 members and 10,000 volunteers working with the organization through its 250 technical committees.
Alan Gewirth
Alan Gewirth (November 28, 1912 – May 9, 2004) was an American philosopher, a professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago, and author of Reason and Morality (1978), Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications (1982), The Community of Rights (1996), Self-Fulfillment (1998), and numerous other writings in moral philosophy and political philosophy.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Radomir Antić
Radomir Antić (Serbian Cyrillic: Радомир Антић, pronounced [rǎdomiːr âːntitɕ]; 22 November 1948 – 6 April 2020) was a Serbian professional football manager and player.

Following a 17-year playing career as a defender, most of which he spent playing at Partizan, with whom he won the Yugoslav First League, Antić moved into coaching.

He was one of only two men to have managed both Barcelona and Real Madrid, long-time bitter rivals (the other one is Enrique Fernández Viola). With Atlético Madrid, Antić won the double, conquering both La Liga and the Copa del Rey in the 1995–96 season. He is the only man to have coached Barcelona, Real Madrid, and Atletico Madrid.

1994–95 La Liga
The 1994–95 La Liga season was the 64th since its establishment. It began on 3 September 1994, and concluded on 18 June 1995.

This was the final season in which two points were awarded for a win; going forward this changed to three points.
Spillover of the Soviet–Afghan War in Pakistan
The spillover of the Soviet–Afghan War in Pakistan refers to a series of airstrikes, ground skirmishes and other military confrontations which took place inside Pakistan as a result of the Soviet-Afghan war.

Sukhoi Su-17
The Sukhoi Su-17 (izdeliye S-32; NATO reporting name: Fitter) is a variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed for the Soviet military. Developed from the Sukhoi Su-7, the Su-17 was the first variable-sweep wing aircraft to enter Soviet service and featured updated avionics. The aircraft also has variants which were designed for export such as the Sukhoi Su-22 and the less popular Su-20.

It was produced from 1967 to 1990. The Su-17/20/22 series had a long career and has been operated by many air forces, including those of the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact, countries in the Arab world, Angola and Peru.

Although the Su-17 was capable of carrying nuclear weapons, it was used in roles ranging from close-air support to ground attack.
Broadcast-safe
Broadcast-safe video (broadcast legal or legal signal) is a term used in the broadcast industry to define video and audio compliant with the technical or regulatory broadcast requirements of the target area or region the feed might be broadcasting to. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is the regulatory authority; in most of Europe, standards are set by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).

NTSC-J
NTSC-J or "System J" is the informal designation for the analogue television standard used in Japan. The system is based on the US NTSC (NTSC-M) standard with minor differences. While NTSC-M is an official CCIR and FCC standard, NTSC-J or "System J" are a colloquial indicators.

The system was introduced by NHK and NTV, with regular color broadcasts starting on 10 September 1960.

NTSC-J was replaced by digital broadcasts in 44 of the country's 47 prefectures on 24 July 2011. Analogue broadcasting ended on 31 March 2012 in the three prefectures devastated by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami (Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima) and the subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

The term NTSC-J is also incorrectly and informally used to distinguish regions in console video games, which use televisions (see Marketing definition below).
Lumber Workers Industrial Union of Canada
The Lumber Workers Industrial Union of Canada was a trade union of lumberjacks in Canada. LWIUC was founded in Sault Ste. Marie 1924 by Finnish communists, who were dissatisfied with the Lumber Workers Industrial Union of the Industrial Workers of the World and the OBU. The two founding national secretaries of LWIUC were Alfred Hautamäki and Kalle Salo, both Finns. A prominent figure in the founding of LWIUC was A. T. Hill, a former wobblie and the leader of the Finnish section of the Communist Party of Canada. Overall, LWIUC maintained strong links with the Communist Party. Through the halls run by the Finnish Organization of Canada (an organization that was collectively affiliated with the Workers' Party of Canada, the legal front of the Communist Party), LWIUC rapidly gained thousands of members. The headquarters of the LWIUC were initially at Port Arthur.

One Big Union (Canada)
The One Big Union (OBU) was a left-wing industrial union based primarily in Western Canada. It was launched formally in Calgary on June 4, 1919, as a replacement for the then-outlawed Industrial Workers of the World, to carry on the drive toward revolutionary industrial unionism. Initially the OBU experienced a spectacular upsurge, then lost most of its members within a few years. It finally merged with the Canadian Labour Congress in 1956.
Craugastor glaucus
Craugastor glaucus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae.
It is endemic to the Chiapas Highlands of southern Mexico.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Chiapas Highlands
The Chiapas Highlands, also known as the Central Highlands of Chiapas or Chiapas Plateau (Spanish: Los Altos de Chiapas), is a geographic, sociocultural and administrative region located in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
Resuscitation of a Hanged Man
Resuscitation of a Hanged Man is a novel by Denis Johnson published in 1991 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

The story explores the struggles of a private investigator, Leonard English, to become a person of religious faith, and his isolated descent into madness.

Mona Simpson
Mona Simpson (née Jandali; born June 14, 1957) is an American novelist. She has written six novels and studied English at University of California, Berkeley, and languages and literature at Columbia University.
She won a Whiting Award for her first novel, Anywhere but Here (1986). It was a popular success and adapted as a film by the same name, released in 1999. She wrote a sequel, The Lost Father (1992). Critical recognition has included the Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize and making the shortlist for the PEN/Faulkner Award for her novel Off Keck Road (2000).

She is the biological younger sister of the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. She was born after her parents had married and did not meet Jobs, who was placed for adoption after he was born, until she was 25 years old.
St Michael at the North Gate
St Michael at the North Gate is a church in Cornmarket Street, at the junction with Ship Street, in central Oxford, England. The name derives from the church's location on the site of the north gate of Oxford when it was surrounded by the Oxford city wall.

Since 1971, it has served as the ceremonial City Church of Oxford, and has joined the parishes of the two earlier City Churches with its own.

The entire tower is accessible to the public, including the top which provides a view of the city as well as an original clockwork mechanism.

Oxford city walls
Oxford city walls are the remains of a defensive wall which encircled the medieval town of Oxford, England. Constructed from 1226 the walls enclose an area of some 120 acres (50 ha) with a circumference of approximately 2 miles (3 km). Built in stone, the curtain walls were castellated and pierced with over twenty-five bastions. The walls were a development of an earlier defensive system begun under the Saxons in response to Viking incursions in the 9th and 10th centuries. They featured a relatively rare example of concentric walling which may derive from near Eastern or north Wallian examples. During the English Civil War the walls were supplemented by an array of earthen field defences. The remnants of the walls are a scheduled monument and incorporate some twenty-seven Grade I listed structures.