hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1878 Major League Baseball season
The 1878 major league baseball season was contested from May 1 through September 30, 1878, and saw the Boston Red Caps as the pennant winner of the third season of the National League. There was no postseason.

Over the off-season, in December 1877, two teams would fold: Brooklyn Hartfords and St. Louis Brown Stockings. They were replaced by the Indianapolis Blues and Milwaukee Grays. Later in the offseason, the Providence Grays would join on February 6, raising the number of teams to seven. On April 1 or 2, the Louisville Grays would officially resign from the league, once again lowering the number of teams to six.

Providence Grays
The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team based in Providence, Rhode Island who played in the National League from 1878 until 1885. The Grays played at the Messer Street Grounds in the Olneyville neighborhood. The team won the National League title twice, in 1879 and 1884.  Following the 1884 season, they won the World Series over the New York Metropolitans of the American Association.  The team folded after the 1885 season.
FIL European Luge Championships 1980
The FIL European Luge Championships 1980 took place in Olang, Italy for the second time after previously hosting the event in 1975. It also marked the last time the championships would be hosted in consecutive years, a tradition started in 1970. Beginning at these championships, the event would be hosted in even-numbered years, a tradition that continued until 2012.

FIL European Luge Championships
The FIL European Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place since 1914. From 1914 to 1934, these championships were part of the Internationaler Schlittensportsverband (ISSV - International Sled Sport Federation in (in German)). From 1935 to 1956, the championships were held under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobagganing Federation in (in French)). Since 1962, the event has been under the auspices of the FIL and has been held in even-numbered years since 1980. Since 2012, it is held annually within a preselected World Cup stages in the so-called race-in-race mode. The results of non-European athletes at these World Cup stages are not counted for European Championships standings.

For information on natural track luge championships in Europe, please see FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, which have been contested since 1970.
Walter S. Crosley
Walter Selwyn Crosley  (30 October 1871 – 6 January 1939) was an officer in the United States Navy. He was a recipient of the Navy Cross, the second highest military decoration for valor.   He subsequently advanced to the rank of rear admiral, to date from February 17, 1927, and was transferred to the Retired List in that rank on November 1, 1935.

USS Charleston (C-2)
The second USS Charleston (C-2) was a United States Navy protected cruiser — the fourth US protected cruiser to be built. Lacking experience in building steel cruisers, the design was purchased from the British company Armstrong, Mitchell and Co. of Newcastle, the construction to be by an American shipyard. In design, she succeeded the "ABC" cruisers Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago with better protection, higher speed, and similar armament.

She was launched on 19 July 1888 by Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California, sponsored by Mrs. A. S. Smith, and commissioned on 26 December 1889, Captain George C. Remey in command.
Virginia's 54th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 54th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 54, in Spotsylvania County and Caroline County, Virginia, has been represented by Republican Bobby Orrock since 1990.

Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Spotsylvania County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is a part of the Northern Virginia region. As of 2024, Spotsylvania County is the 14th most populated county in Virginia with 149,588 residents. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.

Located along the Rappahannock River bordering the City of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, Spotsylvania County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since 2010, the population has increased by 19.3%; for comparison, Virginia's population has only increased 7.7% in that time period. Spotsylvania County is currently the 74th highest-income county in America.
Tanks of the Israel Defense Forces
This article deals with the history and development of tanks of the Israel Defense Forces (particularly Israeli Ground Forces), from their first use after World War II in the establishment of the State of Israel after the end of the British Mandate, and into the Cold War and what today is considered the modern era.

SU-100
The SU-100 (Russian: самоходная установка-100, СУ-100 romanized: Samokhodnaya Ustanovka-100) is a Soviet tank destroyer armed with the D-10S 100 mm anti-tank gun in a casemate superstructure. It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years afterwards with the armies of Soviet allies around the world.
Product market
In economics, the product market is the marketplace where final goods or services are sold to households and the foreign sector. Focusing on the sale of finished goods, it does not include trading in raw materials (commodities) or other intermediate materials.

Product market regulation is a term for the placing of restrictions upon the operation of the product market. According to an OECD ranking in 1998, English-speaking and Nordic countries had the least-regulated product markets in the OECD. The least-regulated product markets were to be found in:

United Kingdom

Australia

United States

Canada

New Zealand

Denmark

Ireland

According to the OECD, indicators for product market regulation include price controls, foreign ownership barriers, and tariffs, among other things.

Final good
A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good, which is used to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good.

When used in measures of national income and output, the term "final goods" includes only new goods. For example, gross domestic product (GDP) excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting based on resale of items. In that context, the economic definition of goods also includes what are commonly known as services.

Manufactured goods refer to products that have undergone processing or assembly, distinguishing them from raw materials.
Kyauktawgyi Pagoda
Kyauktawgyi Pagoda (Burmese: ကျောက်တော်ကြီးဘုရား; also known as the Taungthaman Kyauktawgyi) is a Buddhist pagoda located in Amarapura, Burma, near the Taungthaman Lake. It was built in 1847 by King Pagan Min on the model of the Ananda Pagoda at Pagan.

It exemplifies a type of architecture, which though borrowed from the Indian designs at Pagan, was constructed entirely by Burmese architects. The artistic interest of the temple lies in the numerous frescoes with which its four porches are adorned. They represent religious buildings, in various styles of architecture, built or repaired by Pagan Min at Sagaing, Amarapura, Ava, Pakangyi, Prome, and Rangoon, and the planets and the constellations according to Burmese ideas of astronomy. The human figures depict the dresses and customs of the Konbaung period. The pagoda is crowned with a five-tiered pyatthat roof.

Burmese pagoda
Burmese pagodas are stupas that typically house Buddhist relics, including relics associated with Buddha. Pagodas feature prominently in Myanmar's landscape, earning the country the moniker "land of pagodas." Several cities in the country, including Mandalay and Bagan, are known for their abundance of pagodas. Pagodas are the site of seasonal pagoda festivals.

Burmese pagodas are enclosed in a compound known as the aran (အာရာမ်, from Pali ārāma), with gateways called mok (မုခ်, from Pali mukha) at the four cardinal directions. The platform surrounding a Burmese pagoda is called a yinbyin (ရင်ပြင်).

According to 2016 statistics compiled by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, Myanmar is home to 1,479 pagodas exceeding 27 feet (8.2 m) in height, a quarter of which are located in Sagaing Region.
Saghadeh
Saghadeh (Persian: صغاده, also Romanized as Şaghādeh and Şoghādeh; also known as Chagādeh, Seqādeh, Şoghād, and Sugādeh) is a village in Khafr Rural District of Khafr County, (formerly in Jahrom County) Fars province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 867, in 282 families. Up from 816 in 2006.

Khafr Rural District
Khafr Rural District (Persian: دهستان خفر) is in the Central District of Khafr County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zarjan. The rural district was previously administered from Bab Anar.
Caedicia gens
The gens Caedicia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first came to prominence in the early decades of the Republic, but none obtained the consulship until Quintus Caedicius Noctua in 289 BC.  The family faded from public life during the later Republic, but one of the Caedicii was known to Juvenal, toward the end of the first century AD.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Alcatraz Island Lighthouse
Alcatraz Island Lighthouse is a lighthouse—the first one built on the U.S. West Coast—located on Alcatraz Island in California's San Francisco Bay. It is located at the southern end of the island near the entrance to the prison. The first light house on the island was completed in 1854, and served the bay during its time as a Citadel and military prison. It was replaced by a taller (95 feet (29 m) above mean sea level) concrete tower built in 1909 to the south of the original one which was demolished after it was damaged due to earthquake in 1906. The automation of the lighthouse with a modern beacon took place in 1963, the year Alcatraz closed as the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. It is the oldest light station on the island with a modern beacon and is part of the museum on the island.  Although when viewed from afar it easily looks the tallest structure on Alcatraz, it is actually shorter than the Alcatraz Water Tower, but as it lies on higher ground it looks much taller.

Fort Alcatraz
Fort Alcatraz was a United States Army coastal fortification on Alcatraz Island near the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California, part of the Third System of fixed fortifications, although very different from most other Third System works. Initially completed in 1859, it was also used for mustering and training recruits and new units for the Civil War from 1861 and began secondary use as a long-term military prison in 1868.

Major improvements, needed because of changes in artillery, began in the 1870s, but were underfunded and never fully completed, as the post came to be seen less as defense and more as a jail. The site was not used for any major works of the Endicott Board’s plan for the defense of the Bay.

A large concrete prison block was erected between 1910 and 1912. In 1933–1934, this was modernized and became the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.
Oh Mary Be Careful
Oh Mary Be Careful is an extant 1921 American silent comedy film produced by Goldwyn Pictures and released by an independent distributor. Stage actress Madge Kennedy stars in the film, which was directed by Arthur Ashley. A copy is preserved at the Library of Congress.

The film was allegedly shot several years earlier during 1917 and released in 1921 after the rights were acquired by Pioneer Film.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
2011 Open 13
The 2011 Open 13 was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the Open 13, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 tier of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports in Marseille, France, from 14 February through 20 February 2010. First-seeded Robin Söderling won the singles title.

Open 13
The Open 13 was an annual men's tennis tournament played in Marseille, France.  The tournament was an ATP Tour 250 series event on the Association of Tennis Professionals tour. The number 13 is the INSEE code of the Bouches-du-Rhône département of which Marseille is the capital.  It was held for one week in February at the Palais des sports de Marseille on indoor hardcourts, where the Centre Court has a capacity of 5,800 seats. The tournament was held from 1993 until 2026 when it was relocated to Lyon.

In 2025, the tournament was one of three French events of the ATP Tour 250 series, along with the Open Occitanie and the Moselle Open. It was one of four with the Lyon Open until 2025.
Code of Criminal Procedure (India)
The Code of Criminal Procedure, commonly called Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), was the main legislation on procedure for administration of substantive criminal law in India. It was enacted in 1973 and came into force on 1 April 1974. It provides the machinery for the investigation of crime, apprehension of suspected criminals, collection of evidence, determination of guilt or innocence of the accused person and the determination of punishment of the guilty. It also deals with public nuisance, prevention of offences and maintenance of wife, child and parents.

On 11 August 2023, a Bill to replace the CrPC with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) was introduced in the Lok Sabha. On 26 December 2023, it was replaced with Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).

Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class
Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class, Judicial First Class Magistrate Courts, or Judicial Magistrate First Class Courts are at the  second lowest level of the Criminal Court structure in India. According to the Section 9 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), a Court of Judicial Magistrate of First Class may be established by the State Government in consultation with the High Court of the respective state at such places in the district and in any number by a notification.

According to Section 13 of the BNSS, a judicial magistrate is under the general control of the Sessions Judge and is subordinate to the Chief Judicial Magistrate.

According to Section 23 of the BNSS., a Judicial Magistrate of First Class may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or of fine not exceeding ten thousand rupees or of both.
Dormarch
Dormarch or possibly Dormarth is a hound, normally used to assist hunters by tracking or chasing the animal that is being hunted, however in Welsh mythology Dormarch's master is Gwynn ap Nudd although formerly owned by Maelgwn Gwynedd, a 6th-century king of Gwynedd.

As king of the Tylwyth Teg or fairy folk, Gwynn ap Nudd was the ruler of Annwn, the Welsh equivalent of 'Heaven' and as such he is closely associated with the Wild Hunt where he is responsible for escorting newly deceased souls of British warriors from the battlefield to the afterlife.

Hellhound
A hellhound is a mythological hound that embodies a guardian or a servant of hell, the devil, or the underworld. Hellhounds occur in mythologies around the world, with the best-known examples being Cerberus from Greek mythology, Garmr from Norse mythology, the black dogs of English folklore, and the fairy hounds of Celtic mythology. Physical characteristics vary, but they are commonly black, anomalously overgrown, supernaturally strong, and often have red eyes or are accompanied by flames. The behaviors of a Hellhound are very calculated and purposeful and they are said to be highly intelligent.
Tacitus (crater)
Tacitus is a lunar impact crater located to the northwest of the crater Catharina, at the northern extension of the Rupes Altai ridge line. It was named after the 1st century Roman historian and writer Tacitus. Directly west is the crater Almanon, and to the northeast is Cyrillus. To the southeast of Tacitus is a long chain of craters named the Catena Abulfeda. This chain runs to the northwest from the eastern edge of the Rupes Altai, continuing for over 200 kilometers.

The crater terminates a ridge which forms part of the Rupes Altai. The outer wall has a small rampart, and the interior surfaces are terraced. The rim outline has a slight polygonal outline. There is a low ridge on the crater floor running from the north wall.

Cyrillus (crater)
Cyrillus is a lunar impact crater located on the northwest edge of Mare Nectaris. Intruding into the northeast rim is the slightly larger, and younger crater Theophilus. To the south is another prominent crater named Catharina. Together these three craters form a prominent trio in the southeast quadrant of the Moon. To the northwest is Ibn-Rushd. Cyrillus is named after Saint Cyril of Alexandria, a 5th-century Patriarch and theologian.

The floor of Cyrillus contains a reduced central hill and the considerable crater Cyrillus A. The walls of the broken formation of Cyrillus remain intact until the point of junction with Theophilus. Slightly northeast of its center, three rounded mountains rise to heights of 1,000 metres above Cyrillus' floor: Cyrillus Alpha, Delta, and Eta.

A tiny crater with bright rays on the east side of Cyrillus has been named Shioli.  A point to the east of Shioli is the proposed landing site of Japan's SLIM lander.
Shibata Takumi (fund manager)
Shibata Takumi (Japanese: 柴田拓美) is a Japanese fund manager who is one of Japan's most high-profile financial executives. He is currently founding partner at Fiducia, a venture capital fund based in Tokyo.

Previously, he was president and CEO of Nikko Asset Management for six years and had a 37-year career at Nomura Holdings including as chief operating officer (COO) from 2008 until 2012.

Nomura Holdings
Nomura Holdings, Inc. is a Japanese financial holding company and a principal member of the Nomura Group, which is Japan's largest investment bank and brokerage group. It, along with its broker-dealer, banking and other financial services subsidiaries, provides investment, financing and related services to individual, institutional, and government customers on a global basis with an emphasis on securities businesses.
Other Windsor, 3rd Earl of Plymouth
Other Windsor, 3rd Earl of Plymouth (30 June 1707 – 23 November 1732) was an English peer and landowner, a member of the House of Lords from 1728 until his death.

His first name goes back in the Windsor family to Other, or Othoere, the father of Walter Fitz Other, who was constable of Windsor Castle in the time of William the Conqueror.

The son of Other Windsor, 2nd Earl of Plymouth, and Elizabeth Whitley, he was educated at Eton College, where he was a contemporary of Henry Fielding, and succeeded his father as Earl of Plymouth and Baron Windsor on 26 December 1727, but had to wait until he was 21 to be admitted to the House of Lords.

On 7 May 1730 Plymouth married Elizabeth Lewis, a daughter of Thomas Lewis. He died in 1732, aged 25, and was succeeded by his only son, Other Lewis Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth (1731–1771).

Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English writer and judge known for the use of humour and satire in his works. His famous novels include Shamela (1741), Joseph Andrews (1742), The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) and Amelia (1751). Along with Samuel Richardson, Fielding is seen as the founder of the traditional English novel. As well as being a novelist, Fielding was also a playwright, known for his satirical comedies The Author's Farce (1730), Tom Thumb (1730), The Letter Writers (1731) and The Tragedy of Tragedies (1731). He also played an important role in the history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom, using his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners, London's first professional police force.
Kaiserswerth
Kaiserswerth (German: [ˌkaɪzɐsˈveːɐ̯t]) is one of the oldest quarters of the City of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. It is in the north of the city and next to the river Rhine. It houses the Kaiserwerth Deaconesses' Institute where Florence Nightingale worked. 
Kaiserswerth has an area of 4.80 km2 (1.85 sq mi), and 7,923 inhabitants (2020).

Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne governs the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne in western North Rhine-Westphalia. Historically, the archbishop was ex officio one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled the Electorate of Cologne.

Since the early days of the Catholic Church, there have been 94 bishops and archbishops of Cologne. roue of them resigned n response to impeachment. Eight were coadjutor bishops before they took office. Seven were appointed as coadjutors freely by the pope. One moved to the Curia, where he became a cardinal. Additionally, six were chairmen of the German Bishops' Conference.

Cardinal Rainer Woelki has been Archbishop of Cologne since his 2014 transfer from Berlin, where he was also cardinal-archbishop.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).

Cytosine
Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine.  In Watson–Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.