hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katsunobu Katō
Katsunobu Katō (加藤 勝信, Katō Katsunobu; born 22 November 1955) is a Japanese politician who served as the Minister of Finance under Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba from 2024 to 2025. Previously, he was served as the three-time Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare under Shinzo Abe from 2017 to 2018 and from 2019 to 2020, and under Fumio Kishida from 2022 to 2023, and as the Chief Cabinet Secretary under Yoshihide Suga from 2020 to 2021. Belonging to the Liberal Democratic Party, he has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2003.

Born and raised in Tokyo and a graduate of the University of Tokyo, Kato had a bureaucratic career in the Ministry of Finance before going into politics.

Minister of Finance (Japan)
The Minister of Finance (財務大臣, Zaimu Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Finance. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

Until 2001, the Japanese title was 大蔵大臣 (Ōkura Daijin). Both the current and previous title are translated as "Minister of Finance".

The current minister is Satsuki Katayama, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Pavel Mamayev
Pavel Konstantinovich Mamayev (Russian: Павел Константинович Мамаев; born 17 September 1988) is a Russian former footballer who played as midfielder. He primarily played as a right midfielder or central midfielder. At CSKA Moscow he played as a defensive midfielder or deep-lying playmaker. On 8 May 2019, he was convicted in court of "intended infliction of minor harm to a health official" and sentenced to imprisonment until late 2019. He was released on 17 September 2019.

2013 Russian Super Cup
The 2013 Russian Football Super Cup (Russian: Суперкубок России по футболу) was the 11th Russian Super Cup match, a football match which was contested between the 2012–13 Russian Premier League and 2012–13 Russian Cup champion CSKA Moscow, and the runner-up of the 2012–13 Russian Premier League, Zenit Saint Petersburg.

The match was held on 13 July 2013 at the Olimp-2, in Rostov.
Toshiaki Ishizuka
Toshiaki "Toshi" Ishizuka (石塚 俊明, Ishizuka Toshiaki; born February 2, 1950) is a Japanese drummer.  He played on Kazuki Tomokawa's albums and is part of the band Vajra (with Kan Mikami and Keiji Haino).  His last album, released in 2006 on P.S.F. Records, is entitled Drum Drama.

Kazuki Tomokawa
Tenji Nozoki (及位典司; born February 16, 1950), best known by the stage name Kazuki Tomokawa (友川 かずき), is a prolific Japanese  musician, active in the Japanese music scene since the early 1970s. His music has been used in the films of cult directors Takashi Miike and Kōji Wakamatsu, and he also appears in person in Miike's Izo (2004).

Japanese poet Satoru Nozoki is his brother.
Dynamic voltage scaling
In computer architecture, dynamic voltage scaling is a power management technique in which the voltage used in a component is increased or decreased, depending upon circumstances. Dynamic voltage scaling to increase voltage is known as overvolting; dynamic voltage scaling to decrease voltage is known as undervolting. Undervolting is done in order to conserve power, particularly in laptops and other mobile devices, where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited, or in rare cases, to increase reliability. Overvolting is done in order to support higher frequencies for performance.

The term "overvolting" is also used to refer to increasing static operating voltage of computer components to allow operation at higher speed (overclocking).

Overclocking
In computing, overclocking is the practice of increasing the clock rate of a semiconductor device, such as a processor, beyond its rated speed, potentially increasing its performance. Overclocked devices, however, may have shorter lifespans, become unstable and unreliable, and in extreme cases, be permanently damaged. Many manufacturers do not cover damage from overclocking in their warranties, while some allow it inside a predefined safety margin.
Pop Maynard
George "Pop" Maynard (6 January 1872 – 29 November 1962) was an English folk singer and marbles champion. The folk singer Shirley Collins considers Maynard to have been the "finest traditional English singer, matched only by Harry Cox".

English Folk Dance and Song Society
The English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS, pronounced 'EFF-diss') is an organisation that promotes English folk music and folk dance. EFDSS was formed in 1932 when two organisations merged: the Folk-Song Society and the English Folk Dance Society. The EFDSS, a member-based organisation, was incorporated in 1935 and became a registered charity in 1963.
Area codes 919 and 984
Area codes 919 and 984 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for all or parts of eleven counties in the east-central area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. They service the cities of Raleigh, Durham, Cary, and Chapel Hill/Carrboro, and the surrounding suburban areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan area, as well as the outlying towns and nearby rural areas of Oxford to the north, Sanford to the south,  Goldsboro to the southeast, and Mebane to the west.

Area code 919 was created in 1954 in a split of numbering plan area 704, the original area code serving the entire state. After successive splits in the 1990s, the final numbering plan area received a second area code, 984, in 2012 to form an overlay complex.

Alamance County, North Carolina
Alamance County (/ˈæləmæns/ ⓘ) is a county in North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 171,415. Its county seat is Graham. Formed in 1849 from Orange County to the east, Alamance County has been the site of significant historical events, textile manufacturing, and agriculture.

Alamance County comprises the Burlington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,736,099 in 2023.
1988 Australian Open – Men's singles
Mats Wilander defeated Pat Cash in the final, 6–3, 6–7(3–7), 3–6, 6–1, 8–6 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1988 Australian Open. It was his third Australian Open title and fifth major singles title overall.

Stefan Edberg was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Wilander.

This marked the first edition of the tournament to be held on hardcourts, having previously been held on grass courts.

1988 Australian Open
The 1988 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 76th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 11 through 24 January 1988 and was the first edition of the tournament hosted at Flinders Park. It would mark the first time a Grand Slam final would be played indoors under a roof; after the first 3 games of the Women's Final, there was a 1-hour & 23 min delay to close the roof.

This was the first Australian Open to have 128-players in each singles category, in line with the other three majors.
Choudhary Virender Singh
Choudhary Virender Singh is an Indian politician. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council. He has also served as a Cabinet Minister in Uttar Pradesh government. He had represented Kandhla (now delimited) constituency for six terms(1980–85, 1985–89, 1989–1991, 1991–1992, 1996–2002, 2002–2007). He has also served as Chairman of UP Sugarcane Seed Development Corporation. At present, he is serving his second term in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.

Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council
The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council, also known as Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad, is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh, a state in India. Uttar Pradesh is one of the six states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Legislative Council is a permanent house, consisting of 100 members.
Rectory School
The Rectory School is an independent, coeducational, junior boarding (5–9) and day school (K–9) in Pomfret, Connecticut. The school was founded by the Rev. Frank H. Bigelow in 1920. It has expanded to 138 acres (0.56 km2), 26 buildings, 250 students, and 65 faculty members as of 2017.

Rectory's campus is located on Connecticut Route 169, immediately north of the Pomfret School.

Route 169 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)
Route 169 is a 47.36-mile-long (76.22 km) state highway in the U.S. states of Connecticut and Massachusetts. It begins in the city of Norwich, Connecticut, and runs 38 miles (61 km) through Northeastern Connecticut, continuing across the state line into Southbridge, Massachusetts. The route ends in Charlton after another nine miles (14 km). A portion of the route in the town center of Pomfret is on the National Register of Historic Places as Pomfret Street Historic District, and 32.10 miles (51.66 km) of the road is designated as the Connecticut State Route 169 National Scenic Byway.
Dioxetane
A dioxetane or dioxacyclobutane is an organic compound with formula C2O2H4, whose backbone is a four-membered ring of two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms. There are two isomers:

1,2-dioxetane where the oxygen atoms are adjacent.

1,3-dioxetane where the oxygen and carbon atoms alternate.

1,3-Dioxetane
1,3-Dioxetane (1,3-dioxacyclobutane) is a heterocyclic organic compound with formula C2O2H4, whose backbone is a four-member ring of alternating oxygen and carbon atoms. It can be viewed as a dimer of formaldehyde (COH2).

Derivatives of 1,3-dioxetane are rarely encountered as intermediates in the literature. Usually, they are prepared via [2+2] cycloadditions of two carbonyl compounds. Molecular orbital theory calculations suggest that they should be more stable than the 1,2-isomers, which are more intensively studied.
South African Class 14C 4-8-2, 2nd batch
The South African Railways Class 14C 4-8-2 of 1919 was a steam locomotive.

In 1919, the South African Railways placed a second batch of twenty Class 14C steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. In addition to the first two batches, two more batches were acquired between 1919 and 1922, each with a different maximum axle loading, to bring the total in the class to 73. Through reboilerings, rebalancings and cylinder bushings during its service life, this single class eventually ended up as six distinct locomotive classes with two boiler types and a multitude of axle load and boiler pressure configurations.

4-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. This type of steam locomotive is commonly known as the Mountain type, though the New York Central Railroad used the name Mohawk for their 4-8-2s.
Corumbá de Goiás
Corumbá de Goiás is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.  It is one of the oldest cities in the state and still preserves vestiges of its colonial heritage. The Areias River passes through the municipality.

Pirenópolis
Pirenópolis, also known as Piri, is a historic municipality located in the Brazilian state of Goiás. It is known for its waterfalls and Portuguese colonial architecture, and a popular festival involving mounted horses called Festa do Divino Espírito Santo which takes place 45 days after Easter. Pirenópolis is located 120 km from Goiânia, the state capital, and 150 km from Brasília, the federal capital.
Tvarditsa Rocks
Tvarditsa Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Твърдица, Bulgarian: ‘Skali Tvarditsa’ ska-'li tv&r-'di-tsa) is a group of rocks off the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated 1.9 km (1.2 mi) northeast of Ongley Island, 1.3 km (0.81 mi) southwest of Stoker Island and 2.6 km (1.6 mi) west of Sierra Island.

The rocks are named after the town of Tvarditsa in southeastern Bulgaria.

Greenwich Island
Greenwich Island (variant historical names Sartorius Island, Berezina Island) is an island 24 km (15 mi) long and from 0.80 to 9.66 km (0.5 to 6 mi) (average 5.23 km or 3.25 mi) wide, lying between Robert Island and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The island's surface area is 142.7 square kilometres (55.1 sq mi).  The name Greenwich Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Chilean base Arturo Prat and the Ecuadorian base Pedro Vicente Maldonado are situated on the northeast and north coast of the island, respectively.

Chilean scientists have claimed that Amerinds visited the area, due to stone artifacts recovered from bottom-sampling operations off the island; however, the artefacts — two arrowheads  — were later found to have been planted.
Trg Oslobođenja - Alija Izetbegović
Trg oslobođenja - Alija Izetbegović is a square in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies between the municipalities Stari Grad and Centar. It links the main pedestrian thoroughfare of the Sarajevo old town, Ferhadija street, with Zelenih Beretki street, with the Dom Armije (1881). On its east side it hosts the Orthodox Cathedral (1874) and the University of Sarajevo School of Economics and Business (formerly the Faculty of Orthodox Theology). On its west is the Svjetlost building, while at its south, beyond Zelenih Beretki, stands the Dom Armije (1881)

Army Hall (Sarajevo)
The Army Hall (Bosnian: Dom Armije / Dom Oružanih snaga; Officer Casino, The Military of Federation Home) is a building in Sarajevo that was built in 1881. It was originally a casino for officers, and it was named Dom JNA (Bosnian for “Home of JNA (Yugoslav People's Army”) during the existence of Yugoslavia. Today it is a national monument consisting of the casino building with four paintings by Ismet Mujezinović.
Phillyrea
Phillyrea is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, and naturalized in the Canary Islands and Madeira.

They are evergreen shrubs or small trees growing to 3–9 m tall, related to Ligustrum, Olea and Osmanthus. The leaves are in opposite pairs, small, leathery, ovate to lanceolate, 2–6 cm long and 0.5–2 cm broad. The flowers are small, greenish-white, produced in short clusters. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.

Olea
Olea (/ˈoʊliə/ OH-lee-ə) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. It includes 30-40 species native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Middle East, southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. They are evergreen trees and shrubs, with small, opposite, entire leaves. The fruit is a drupe. Leaves of Olea contain trichosclereids.

For humans, the most important and familiar species is by far the olive (Olea europaea), native to the Mediterranean region, Africa, southwest Asia, and the Himalayas, which is the type species of the genus. The native olive (O. paniculata) is a larger tree, attaining a height of 15–18 m in the forests of Queensland, and yielding a hard and tough timber. The yet harder wood of the black ironwood O. capensis, an inhabitant of Natal, is important in South Africa.

Olea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including double-striped pug.
Óscar Alberto Pérez
Óscar Alberto Pérez (7 April 1981 – 15 January 2018) was a Venezuelan investigator for the CICPC, Venezuela's investigative agency. He was also an actor in a film to promote the role of detectives in the CICPC. He is better known for being responsible for the Caracas helicopter incident during the 2017 Venezuelan protests and the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis. His killing in the El Junquito raid received worldwide attention by the media and the political establishment, and was met with accusations of extrajudicial killing.

2017 Venezuelan protests
The 2017 Venezuelan protests were a series of protests occurring throughout Venezuela. Protests began in January 2017 after the arrest of multiple opposition leaders and the cancellation of dialogue between the opposition and Nicolás Maduro's government.

As the tension continued, the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis began in late March when the pro-government Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) dissolved the opposition-led National Assembly, with the intensity of protests increasing greatly throughout Venezuela following the decision. As April arrived,  the protests grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014" resulting from the crisis with hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protesting daily through the month and into May. After failing to prevent the July Constituent Assembly election, the opposition and protests largely lost momentum.
Generalized Korteweg–De Vries equation
In mathematics, the generalized Korteweg–De Vries (gKdV) equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that extends the classic Korteweg–De Vries equation (KdV equation). The KdV equation is a mathematical model for waves on shallow water surfaces; the generalized form allows for different types of nonlinearity, making it applicable to a wider range of physical phenomena.

The equation is written as:

Here,  represents the wave's amplitude as a function of position  and time . The function  describes the nonlinear effects. The original Korteweg–De Vries equation is the specific case where . A commonly studied form of the gKdV equation uses  for some positive integer .

Nonlinear partial differential equation
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms. They describe many different physical systems, ranging from gravitation to fluid dynamics, and have been used in mathematics to solve problems such as the Poincaré conjecture and the Calabi conjecture. They are difficult to study: almost no general techniques exist that work for all such equations, and usually each individual equation has to be studied as a separate problem.

The distinction between a linear and a nonlinear partial differential equation is usually made in terms of the properties of the operator that defines the PDE itself.
2013 US Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2013 US Open. It was his second US Open title and 13th major title overall, moving him to third place on the all time men's singles major titles list, past Roy Emerson. This marked the third time in four years (following 2010 and 2011) that Nadal and Djokovic contested the final. With the win, Nadal became the third player to win the Summer Slam (having also won Canada and Cincinnati), after Pat Rafter and Andy Roddick.

Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Stanislas Wawrinka.

Djokovic and Nadal were in contention for the world No. 1 singles ranking. Djokovic retained the top position by reaching the final.

Roger Federer's streak of nine consecutive US Open quarterfinals ended when he lost to Tommy Robredo in the fourth round. Federer matched Wayne Ferreira's all-time record of 56 consecutive major main draw appearances.

2010 US Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2010 US Open. It was his first US Open title and ninth major title overall, becoming the youngest man in the Open Era to  complete the career Grand Slam and career Golden Slam, at the age of 24 years, 3 months and 10 days old – a record held until Carlos Alcaraz completed his Career Grand Slam at the 2026 Australian Open. Nadal also became the first man to win the Surface Slam (majors on clay, grass, and hard courts in the same calendar year).

Juan Martín del Potro was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year after undergoing a wrist operation in May and only starting to practice again in August. Del Potro thus became the third man in the Open Era not to attempt to defend the US Open title, after Ken Rosewall in 1971 and Pete Sampras in 2003.

For the first time in tournament history, no American man was seeded in the top eight.
2003 Melanesian Championships in Athletics
The 2003 Melanesian Championships in Athletics took place between April 25–27, 2003. The event was held in Lae, Papua New Guinea in conjunction with the Papua New Guinea National Athletics Championships.

A total of 31 events were contested, 18 by men and 13 by women.

Lae
Lae (/ˈlɑːeɪ, ˈleɪi/, German: Preußen-Reede, later Lehe) is the capital of Morobe Province and is the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea. It is located near the delta of the Markham River on the northern coast of Huon Gulf. It is at the start of the Highlands Highway, which is the main land transport corridor between the Highlands Region and the coast. Lae is the largest cargo port of the country and is the industrial hub of Papua New Guinea. The city is known as the Garden City and home of the Papua New Guinea University of Technology.
Ram Ki Paidi
Ram Ki Paidi (Hindi: राम की पैड़ी) is a series of ghats on the bank of the Saryu river in Ayodhya, India. A large number of pilgrims visit daily to take a bath in the holy waters.

There were enormous bathing ghats throughout the banks of the Sarayu, and the ones at Nayaghat were immersed in heavy rain and floods. These were rebuilt in 1985.

On Deepawali in October 2019 Ayodhya created a Guinness world record by lighting 450,000 lamps at the Ram Ki Paidi.

Ghat
Ghat (Hindi: [ɡʱaːʈ]), a term used in the Indian subcontinent, to refer  to the series of steps leading down to a body of water or wharf, such as a bathing or cremation place along the banks of a river or pond, the Ghats in Varanasi, Dhobi Ghat or the Aapravasi Ghat.
Arrondissements of the Charente department
The 3 arrondissements of the Charente department are:

Arrondissement of Angoulême, (prefecture of the Charente department: Angoulême) with 115 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 181,315 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Cognac, (subprefecture: Cognac) with 107 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 98,683 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Confolens, (subprefecture: Confolens) with 140 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 70,869 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Confolens
The arrondissement of Confolens is an arrondissement of France in the Charente department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 138 communes. Its population is 70,869 (2021), and its area is 2,417.6 km2 (933.4 sq mi).
Justinian (magister militum per Orientem)
Justinian (Latin: Iustinianus, Greek: Ἰουστινιανός,  after 525–582) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general, and a member of the ruling Justinian dynasty. As a soldier, he had a distinguished career in the Balkans and in the East against Sassanid Persia. In his later years, he plotted unsuccessfully against regent and later emperor Tiberius II (r. 574–582).

Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty began in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of Justinian I, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent since the fall of its Western counterpart, reincorporating North Africa, southern Illyria, southern Spain, and Italy into the empire. The Justinian dynasty ended in 602 with the deposition of Maurice and the accession of his successor, Phocas.
1813 English cricket season
1813 was the 27th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). Lord's Middle Ground was requisitioned by Parliament for the building of the Regent's Canal. Details of only one match are known.

Regent's Canal
Regent's Canal is a canal across an area just north of central London, England. It provides a link from the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal, 550 yards (500 m) north-west of Paddington Basin in the west, to the Limehouse Basin and the River Thames in east London. The canal is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) long.