hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silver thiosulfate
Silver thiosulfate (STS, chemical formula Ag2S2O3) is an inorganic chemical that can promote early flower growth and promote flower duration in a variety of plants.

An aqueous solution of silver thiosulfate can be prepared by mixing solutions of sodium thiosulfate and silver nitrate. When used for plant assays, it is prepared using excess thiosulfate, giving the [Ag(S2O3)2]3– complex ion.

Thiosulfate
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2O2−3. Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and ammonium thiosulfate ((NH4)2S2O3).  Thiosulfate salts occur naturally. Thiosulfate rapidly dechlorinates water, and is  used to halt bleaching in the paper-making industry. Thiosulfate salts are mainly used for dyeing in textiles, and bleaching of natural substances.
Airport Collaborative Decision Making
Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM or ACDM) is the implementation of the CDM process for enhancing the airport turnaround and fostering collaboration between the stakeholders. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a process applied to support other activities such as demand/capacity balancing. CDM can be applied across the timeline of activities from strategic planning to real-time operations. CDM is not an objective but a way to reach the performance objectives of the processes it supports. The various industry stakeholders are supporting A-CDM optimization, such as ACI World, CANSO, and IATA.

Airports Council International
Airports Council International (ACI) is an organization of airport authorities, informing members of industry practices and airport standards. Established in 1991, its headquarters (ACI World) are based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and its members operate more than 2000 airports.

Major programs include safety enhancement and Airport Service Quality Awards (ASQ), based on passenger satisfaction ratings. Other initiatives cover economics, operational security, carbon accreditation, and passenger transportation.
2018 AFL Women's Under-18 Championships
The 2018 NAB AFL Women's Under-18 Championships was played between May and July 2018, with six teams competing in the main 'Series 2' round robin tournament and with a further four playing in a two-match on-on-one exhibition as the competition's initial 'Series 1'.

AFL Women's Under-18 Championships
The NAB AFL Women's Under-18 Championships are the annual national Australian rules football championships for women players aged 18 years or younger. The competition is seen as one of the main pathways towards being drafted into a team in the professional AFL Women's competition (AFLW). Originally known as the AFL Youth Girls National Championship, the competition has teams of players representing their states and territories in a round robin tournament. The tournament is currently sponsored by the National Australia Bank. The winner of the 2019 tournament was Vic Metro.
Cuisine of Réunion
The Creole cuisine of Réunion is the food, culinary technique and typical dishes of the island of Réunion, France's dependency in the Indian Ocean. It is identified as Creole cuisine (in French, Créole) because it is a mixture of eating habits and colonial culinary customs with native ingredients. It is strongly influenced by Malagasy cuisine (from Madagascar), as well as other cuisines from East Africa. It also incorporates elements of French cuisine, due to colonization, as well as more recently Indian and Chinese, brought by Indian and Chinese immigrants respectively. The Réunion diet is naturally spicy, flavorful, and relatively consistent.

Jugging
Jugging is the process of stewing whole animals, mainly game or fish, for an extended period in a tightly covered container such as a casserole or an earthenware jug.
In France a similar stew of a game animal (historically thickened with the animal's blood) is known as a civet.
Tappan Lake
Tappan Lake, also known as Tappan Reservoir, is a reservoir in Harrison County, Ohio, United States.

The lake covers 2,350 acres (9.5 km2) of water and 5,000 acres (20 km2) of surrounding land, as part of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District. Normal pool elevation is 899.3 ft (274.1 m) above sea level. The lake has a 399 horsepower (298 kW) limit for boats. There are two public launch ramps - one near the roadside rest area on U.S. 250, and the other across from Tappan Marina. A third launch ramp is located inside Tappan Lake Park.

It is located between Cadiz and Dennison. U.S. Route 250 follows Tappan Lake for several miles on a series of causeways built during the construction of the lake in the 1930s.

Tappan Lake took its name from the former community of Tappan, which was inundated with the completion of the lake in 1938. The former town of Laceyville lies beneath the lake.

U.S. Route 250
U.S. Route 250 (US 250) is a route of the United States Numbered Highway System, and is a spur of U.S. Route 50. It currently runs for 514 miles (827 km) from Richmond, Virginia, to Sandusky, Ohio. It passes through the states of Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio. It goes through the cities of Richmond, Charlottesville, Staunton, and Waynesboro, Virginia; and Wheeling, West Virginia. West of Pruntytown, West Virginia, US 250 intersects and forms a short overlap with its parent US 50.

In Virginia and Ohio, the route is signed east–west. In West Virginia, the route is signed north–south.
Markdown
Markdown is a lightweight markup language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. John Gruber created Markdown in 2004 as an easy-to-read markup language. Markdown is widely used for blogging, instant messaging, and large language models, and also used elsewhere in online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files.

The initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and raised unanswered questions, causing implementations to both intentionally and accidentally diverge from the original version. This was addressed in 2014 when long-standing Markdown contributors released CommonMark, an unambiguous specification and test suite for Markdown.

HTML element
An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (some common node types include document, document fragment and attribute nodes). The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML. The current de facto standard is governed by the industry group WHATWG and is known as the HTML Living Standard.

An HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML nodes, such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and formatting to parts of a document (e.g., make text bold, organize it into paragraphs, lists and tables, or embed hyperlinks and images). Each element can have HTML attributes specified. Elements can also have content, including other elements and text.
Warren–Prentis Historic District
The Warren–Prentis Historic District is a historic district in Detroit, Michigan, including the east–west streets of Prentis, Forest, Hancock, and the south side of Warren, running from Woodward Avenue on the east to Third Avenue on the west. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

The district includes residential, commercial, institutional, religious and other buildings, and the majority of the pre-1930s building stock remains.

Thompson Home
The Thompson Home is a Victorian structure located at 4756 Cass Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. Originally the Thompson Home for Old Ladies, it was constructed in 1884, designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Phlox cuspidata
Phlox cuspidata, the pointed phlox, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to the US states of Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana. An annual reaching 25 cm (10 in), its hybridization dynamics with and partial reproductive isolation from Phlox drummondii are the subject of scientific inquiry.

Phlox drummondii
Phlox drummondii (commonly annual phlox or Drummond's phlox) is a flowering plant in the genus Phlox of the family Polemoniaceae. Native to Texas, it is also widely distributed in the southeastern United States, especially along public highways. P. drummondii is often used as an ornamental plant. The flowers have a wide range of colours "from white and cream through pinks, lilacs, roses, purples and reds, to almost black".

Phlox drummondii is named after Scottish botanist Thomas Drummond, who sent it and a variety of other plant samples back to Britain following his 1833–1835 expedition to Texas.
Malar rash
A malar rash (from Latin  mala 'jaw, cheek-bone'), also called butterfly rash, is a medical sign consisting of a characteristic form of facial rash. It is often seen in lupus erythematosus. More rarely, it is also seen in other diseases, such as pellagra, dermatomyositis, and Bloom syndrome.

Many conditions can cause rashes with a similar appearance to a malar rash. A malar rash is present in approximately 46–65% of people with lupus.

Rash
A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
Paul Wender (chemist)
Paul Anthony Wender is an American chemist whose work is focused on organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, synthesis, catalysis, chemical biology, imaging, drug delivery, and molecular therapeutics. He is currently the Francis W. Bergstrom Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University and is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Arthur C. Cope Award
The Arthur C. Cope Award is a prize awarded for achievement in the field of organic chemistry research. It is sponsored by the Arthur C. Cope Fund, and has been awarded annually since 1973 by the American Chemical Society. It consists of $25,000, a medallion, and $150,000 in funding for research in organic chemistry.

Recipients include:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 20, 2026.

Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
Pottawatomie County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 72,454. Its county seat is Shawnee.

Pottawatomie County is part of the Shawnee, OK micropolitan statistical area, which is Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma Government in the Oklahoma City–Shawnee, OK combined statistical area.
Liam Daish
Liam Sean Daish (born 23 September 1968) is a football coach, manager and former professional player who was appointed academy manager at Birmingham City in 2022.

Daish was a centre-half who played in the Football League for Portsmouth, Cambridge United and Birmingham City, in the Premier League for Coventry City, and in non-league football for Barnet and Havant & Waterlooville. Born in England, he was capped five times at senior level by the Republic of Ireland, for which he qualified by descent.

After his playing career was shortened by a knee injury in 2002, he continued his football career as a manager and coach. He had spells as manager of Havant & Waterlooville, Welling United (on a caretaker basis), Ebbsfleet United and Nuneaton Town, and coached for five years in Portsmouth's academy before joining Birmingham City as academy manager.

1994–95 Football League
The 1994–95 Football League season was the 96th completed season of The Football League. It was the third season of The Football League since the formation of the Premier League. For sponsorship reasons, the league was known as the Endsleigh League.
Radio-controlled glider
A radio-controlled glider is a type of radio-controlled aircraft that normally does not have any form of propulsion. They are able to sustain continuous flight by exploiting the lift produced by slopes and thermals, controlled remotely from the ground with a transmitter. They can be constructed from a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, polymer foams, and composites, and can vary in wing loading from very light to relatively heavy, depending on their intended use.

International radio-controlled glider competitions are regulated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) although many countries have their own national classes.

Bungee cord
A bungee cord (also spelled bungie or bungy; sometimes called a shock cord or occy strap) is a stretchable cord made of one or more rubber strands inside a woven cotton or polypropylene cover. When the cord is stretched, the cover tightens around the core, allowing it to extend and return to its original length. Some versions, such as those used in bungee jumping, are made entirely of elastic strands. Bungee cords are often used to fasten or secure objects and to absorb shock.
Yann Sommer
Yann Sommer (born 17 December 1988) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie A club Inter Milan. He is known for his exceptional reflexes and high agility.

Sommer began his career at Basel, where he won the Swiss Super League on four consecutive occasions, before transferring to Borussia Mönchengladbach in 2014, where he remained for nine years. He also won the Swiss Challenge League and two Liechtenstein Football Cups while on loan to Vaduz.

Sommer made his debut for the Switzerland national team in 2012. He represented the nation at the FIFA World Cup in 2014, 2018 and 2022, and the UEFA European Championship in 2016, 2020 and 2024 before retiring in August 2024.

2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship was the 18th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Denmark between 11 and 25 June 2011.

The Danish bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee on 10 December 2008 in Nyon, Switzerland. This bid defeated the other bid from Israel.

Qualification for the final tournament took place between March 2009 and October 2010.

This competition also acted as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics, as 3 teams qualified.

Spain won their third title after defeating Switzerland 2–0 in the final.
Kentucky Route 304
Kentucky Route 304 (KY 304) is a state highway in Central City in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. The highway runs 0.713 miles (1.147 km) from U.S. Route 431 (US 431) and KY 70 east to KY 1031. KY 304 replaced part of KY 70 through downtown Central City in 2009.

U.S. Route 431 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 431 (US 431) in Kentucky runs 86.93 miles (139.90 km) from the Tennessee state line south of Adairville to US 60 at Owensboro. It crosses the state in mainly west-central portions of the state, passing through or near towns such as Russellville, Lewisburg, Central City and Livermore. The route goes through Logan, Muhlenberg, McLean, and Daviess counties.
2020–21 FC Vaduz season
The 2020–21 FC Vaduz season was the club's 89th season in their existence and the first season since their return to the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the 2019–20 Swiss Challenge League. In addition to the 2020–21 Swiss Super League, Vaduz will participate in the 2020–21 Liechtenstein Cup. Teams from Liechtenstein are not allowed to enter the Swiss Cup, they play in the Liechtenstein Football Cup. The season covered the period from 19 September 2020 to 30 June 2021.

2020–21 Liechtenstein Cup
The 2020–21 Liechtenstein Football Cup|Liechtenstein Cup was the 76th edition of Liechtenstein's annual cup competition. Seven clubs competed with a total of 15 teams for one spot in the second qualifying round of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa Conference League. It began on 24 August 2020 and was abandoned in May 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein

FC Vaduz defending its 2020 title was interrupted in May 2021 in the Quarter finals when the tournament was concealed due to COVID-19 Pandemic scheduling reasons.

The tournament never played past the Second round on the 23 September 2020.
Bregman Lagrangian
The Bregman-Lagrangian framework permits a systematic understanding of the matching rates associated with higher-order gradient methods in discrete and continuous time. Based on Bregman divergence, the Lagrangian is a continuous time dynamical system whose Euler-Lagrange equations can be linked to Nesterov's accelerated gradient method for gradient-based optimization. The associated Bregman Hamiltonian allows for practical implementation of numerical discretizations. The approach has been generalized to optimization on Riemannian manifolds.

Bregman method
The Bregman method is an iterative algorithm to solve certain convex optimization problems involving regularization. The original version is due to Lev M. Bregman, who published it in 1967.

The algorithm is a row-action method accessing constraint functions one by one and the method is particularly suited for large optimization problems where constraints can be efficiently enumerated. The algorithm works particularly well for regularizers such as the  norm, where it converges very quickly because of an error-cancellation effect.
Jonah Paffhausen
Metropolitan Jonah (born James Paffhausen, Jr.; October 20, 1959) is a retired American Eastern Orthodox bishop who served as the primate of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) with the title The Most Blessed Archbishop of Washington, Metropolitan of All America and Canada from his election on November 12, 2008, until his resignation on July 7, 2012. Metropolitan Jonah was the first convert to the Orthodox faith to have been elected as the primate of the OCA.

On June 15, 2015, Metropolitan Jonah was released from the Orthodox Church in America in order for him to be accepted as a retired bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia.

Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia
The Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia (Czech: Pravoslavná církev v Českých zemích a na Slovensku; Slovak: Pravoslávna cirkev v českých krajinách a na Slovensku), sometimes abbreviated OCCLS, is a self-governing body of the Eastern Orthodox Church that territorially covers the countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The current primate of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church is Rastislav of Prešov (born Ondrej Gont), Metropolitan of the Czech Lands and Slovakia since 2014. The church has approximately 75,000 followers, of whom 50,000 live in Slovakia and 23,000 in the Czech Republic.
Mynämäki
Mynämäki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmynæˌmæki]; Swedish: Virmo) is a municipality of Finland located in the Southwest Finland region. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Eura, Laitila, Masku, Nousiainen, Pöytyä, Rusko, Taivassalo, Turku and Vehmaa.

The municipality has a population of 7,464 (31 March 2025) and covers an area of 536.08 square kilometres (206.98 sq mi) of which 16.37 km2 (6.32 sq mi) is water. The population density is 14.36 inhabitants per square kilometre (37.2/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality of Karjala was consolidated with Mynämäki in 1977. The municipality of Mietoinen was consolidated with Mynämäki in 2007.

In the 1980s, the local traditional dishes of Mynämäki were waffle called poffe, and cheese called laurinjuusto made from cow's or goat's milk, which is dried until it can be cut with scissors, for example into soured milk gruel. It can also be smoked using a marsh Labrador tea.

Rusko
Rusko (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈrusko]) is a municipality of Finland.

It is located in  Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality has a population of 6,420
(31 December 2024) and covers an area of 127.90 square kilometres (49.38 sq mi) of
which 0.78 km2 (0.30 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
50.49 inhabitants per square kilometre (130.8/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality of Vahto was consolidated with Rusko on 1 January 2009.
Panos Panay (music executive)
Panos Andreas Panay (born Panayiotis Andreas Panayiotou; June 25, 1972) is a Cyprus-born entrepreneur, executive and author. Panay currently holds the post of President of the Recording Academy alongside  CEO Harvey Mason Jr. Previously he was the Senior Vice President of Global Strategy & Innovation at Berklee College of Music. He founded Berklee Institute for Creative Entrepreneurship, and founded the online platform Sonicbids, which was later acquired by Backstage Magazine. Panay is a Fellow at MIT Connection Science at the MIT Media Lab, and also founded the Open Music Initiative.

Harvey Mason Jr.
Harvey Jay Mason Jr. (born June 3, 1968) is an American record producer, songwriter and film producer who has been chief executive officer (CEO) of the Recording Academy and MusiCares since 2021. From both his solo work and as part of the production duo the Underdogs, he has been credited on releases for artists including Aretha Franklin, Michael Jackson, Beyoncé, Whitney Houston, Justin Bieber, and Ariana Grande.
Amybeth McNulty
Amybeth McNulty (born 7 November 2001) is an Irish and Canadian actress. She is known for her starring role as Anne Shirley in the CBC/Netflix drama series Anne with an E (2017–2019), based on the 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery, and for her role as Vickie in the Netflix Sci-Fi series Stranger Things (2022–2025).

An Grianán Theatre
An Grianán Theatre (Irish: Amharclann an Ghrianáin) is the largest theatre in County Donegal. Located in Letterkenny's Port Road district, its current director is Patricia McBride. With a seating capacity of 383, the theatre provides a range of programming including drama, comedy, music, pantomime, and family shows as well as workshops and classes.

It is used annually as a festival venue, including for the Earagail Arts Festival, and has twice hosted Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann. It is a main partner of the Earagail Arts Festival, which takes place each year in July, the Irish Aerial Dance Fest which takes place each June, and the Letterkenny Trad Week which takes places each January.

The theatre was named after Grianán of Aileach (‘Stony House of the Sun’), a prehistoric ring fort located in Burt believed to date back to 1700 BCE.