hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel Langlois
Daniel Langlois OC CQ (6 April 1957 –   2023) was a Canadian businessman who was the president and founder of the Daniel Langlois Foundation, Ex-Centris, and Media Principia Inc.

He was the founder and inaugural president of Softimage Inc., which was recognized in the fields of cinema and media creation back in the 1990s for its digital technologies, in particular its 3-D computer animation techniques. Its software was used to create 3-D effects in such films as The Matrix, Titanic, Men in Black, Jurassic Park, and Terminator 2, and was even used to fully animate early CGI shows such as Veggietales.

Order of Montreal
The Order of Montreal (Ordre de Montréal) is a municipal order awarded to residents of the city of Montreal, in the province of Quebec, Canada, since 2016.

The honour succeeds the former Great Montrealer, which was conferred from 1988 to 2015 by the  Academy of Great Montrealers.
George Utley
George Utley (16 May 1887 – 8 January 1966) was an English footballer who played for Barnsley, Sheffield United and England. He was a strong and powerful half back who could shoot at goal when required.

Utley was born in Reform Row, Elsecar, which lies south of Barnsley. He was the 11th and final child of James and Mary Utley. His father was an engine tender at a colliery and his brothers worked in the local coal mines and foundries.

1912 FA Cup final
The 1912 FA Cup final was the 41st FA Cup final. It was contested by Barnsley and West Bromwich Albion. It took two matches to determine a winner. The first took place at Crystal Palace on 20 April 1912 and the second on 24 April at Bramall Lane.  Barnsley scored the winning and only goal in the final minute of extra time (30 minutes) of the replay.  West Bromwich Albion were naturally disappointed to have lost but they could console themselves in the fact that they were the better team on the day, at times running through their opponents in brilliant fashion.  The "Throstles" reputation was enhanced by the display over the two ties even though they lost the match. The "Tykes" defended impeccably throughout, and Tufnell scored the winning goal.
David Rice Atchison
David Rice Atchison (August 11, 1807 – January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th-century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in the Missouri State Militia in 1838 during Missouri's Mormon War and as a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War under Major General Sterling Price in the Missouri Home Guard. Some of Atchison's associates claimed that for 24 hours—Sunday, March 4, 1849, through noon on Monday—he may have been acting president of the United States. This belief, however, is dismissed by most scholars.

Atchison, owner of many slaves and a plantation, was a prominent pro-slavery activist and border ruffian leader, deeply involved with violence against abolitionists and other free-staters during the "Bleeding Kansas" events that preceded admission of the state to the Union.

Gower, Missouri
Gower is a city in Buchanan and Clinton counties Missouri, United States, that is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. The population was 1,533 at the 2020 census.

The Buchanan County portion of Gower is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Clinton County portion is part of the Kansas City, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Iris Chacón
Iris Belia Chacón Tapia (born March 7, 1950) also known as "La Bomba de Puerto Rico" and "La Vedette de América," is a Puerto Rican dancer, singer, actress, and entertainer. Chacón became a prominent figure in Latin America, the United States, Europe, and Japan during the 1970s and early 1980s. She starred in films and telenovelas, and appeared in one of Puerto Rico's most famous television commercials.

José Miguel Agrelot
Giuseppe Michael Agrelot Vilá (April 21, 1927 – January 28, 2004), also known as José Miguel Agrelot or Don Cholito, was a Puerto Rican comedian, radio and television host. During the 1950s, Agrelot and Tommy Muñiz performed in theatre as a comedy duo.
Gmina Nur
Gmina Nur is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Nur, which lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-east of Ostrów Mazowiecka and 103 km (64 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 102.85 square kilometres (39.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,191 (2,934 in 2013).

Ostrów County, Masovian Voivodeship
Ostrów County (Polish: powiat ostrowski) is a county in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. Its seat is located in the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, with the only other town of the county being Brok. The county was established on 1 January 1999, and historically existed from 1919 to 1939 in the Białystok Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic, and in 1939, in the Warsaw Voivodeship.

The county covers an area of 1,218.06 square kilometres (470.3 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 72,558, out of which the population of Ostrów Mazowiecka is 22,489, that of Brok is 1,941, and the rural population is 48,128.
Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.

Lars Onsager
Lars Onsager (27 November 1903 – 5 October 1976) was a Norwegian American physical chemist and  theoretical physicist.  He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1968.
Norman Brokaw
Norman Robert Brokaw (April 21, 1927 – October 29, 2016) was an American talent agent. He served as the president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the William Morris Agency. He represented Marilyn Monroe, Donna Summer, Bill Cosby, Mark Spitz, Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood, and many more.

Mark Spitz
Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competitive swimmer and nine-time Olympic champion. He was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, winning seven gold medals, each in world-record time. This achievement set a record that lasted for 36 years, until it was surpassed by fellow American Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Phelps, like Spitz, set seven world records.

Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds, a silver, and a bronze, in addition to five Pan American golds, 31 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles, and eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titles. During those years he set 35 world records, two of which were in trials and unofficial. Swimming World Magazine named him World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971, and 1972. He was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals.
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels refers to the process of using ultrasound energy for inducing drug release from hydrogels that are sensitive to acoustic stimuli. This method of approach is one of many stimuli-responsive drug delivery-based systems that has gained traction in recent years due to its demonstration of localization and specificity of disease treatment. Although recent developments in this field highlight its potential in treating certain diseases such as COVID-19, there remain many major challenges that need to be addressed and overcome before more related biomedical applications are clinically translated into standard of care.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Monoid (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a monoid (or monoid object, or internal monoid, or algebra)  in a monoidal category  is an object  together with two morphisms

called multiplication,

called unit,

such that the pentagon diagram

and the unitor diagram

commute. In the above notation,  is the identity morphism of ,  is the unit element and  and  are respectively the associator, the left unitor and the right unitor of the monoidal category .

Dually, a comonoid in a monoidal category  is a monoid in the dual category .

Suppose that the monoidal category  has a braiding . A monoid  in  is commutative when .

Braided monoidal category
In mathematics, a commutativity constraint   on a monoidal category  is  a choice of isomorphism  for each pair of objects A and B which form a natural family. In particular, to have a commutativity constraint, one must have  for all pairs of objects .

A braided monoidal category is a monoidal category  equipped with a braiding—that is, a commutativity constraint  that satisfies axioms including the hexagon identities defined below. The term braided references the fact that the braid group plays an important role in the theory of braided monoidal categories. Partly for this reason, braided monoidal categories and other topics are related in the theory of knot invariants.

Alternatively, a braided monoidal category can be seen as a tricategory with one 0-cell and one 1-cell.

Braided monoidal categories were introduced by André Joyal and Ross Street in a 1986 preprint.   A modified version of this paper was published in 1993.
Gmina Cybinka
Gmina Cybinka is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Słubice County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, on the German border. Its seat is the town of Cybinka, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-east of Słubice, 57 km (35 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and 67 km (42 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 279.72 square kilometres (108.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,492.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Krzesin Landscape Park.

Słubice County
Słubice County (Polish: powiat słubicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Słubice, which lies 63 km (39 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 79 km (49 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra. The county contains three other towns: Rzepin, lying 19 km (12 mi) east of Słubice, Ośno Lubuskie, lying 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Słubice, and Cybinka, 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Słubice.

The county covers an area of 999.77 square kilometres (386.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 47,018. The most populated towns are Słubice with 16,705 inhabitants and Rzepin with 6,529 inhabitants.
Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu
Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu (known as Bégabalsor during the Austro-Hungarian administration): 230  is a street along the left bank of the Bega Canal in the Iosefin district of the western Romanian city of Timișoara. Its counterpart on the right bank is Splaiul Nicolae Titulescu. It was named after Tudor Vladimirescu, a prominent figure in Romanian history who led the Wallachian uprising of 1821.

It starts at the junction of Michael the Brave Boulevard (formerly Püspök út) and Michael the Brave Bridge (Püspök híd), crosses 16 December 1989 Boulevard (Hunyadi út) at the Mary Bridge (Hunyadi híd), and runs to Rahovei Street. It continues in Elisabetin as Vasile Pârvan Boulevard.

The German Consulate has been operating at number 9, in the Flavia Palace, since 2003.: 159

Michael the Brave Boulevard
Michael the Brave Boulevard (Romanian: Bulevardul Mihai Viteazul) is a boulevard in Timișoara, Romania. It is a continuation of King Ferdinand I Boulevard and ends in Nicolae Bălcescu Square, the core of the Elisabetin district. Notably, in its eastern part is the campus of the Politehnica University.
2023 Open Bogotá
The 2023 Open Bogotá was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 15th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia between 25 September and 1 October 2023.

Open Bogotá
Kia Open Bogotá (previously DirecTV Open Bogotá, Open Seguros Bolívar, Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá) is a tournament for professional tennis players played on outdoor clay courts held in Bogotá, Colombia since 2005. From 2005–2013 and from 2014–2017, it was an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour men's event. The tournament was not held in 2018–2020 but returned to the Challenger Tour in 2021. The event was also held as an ITF Women's Circuit tournament from 2007 to 2011 and had a $25,000 prize money fund. A one-off $100,000+H women's tournament was also held in 2014. The men's tournament had an $82,000 prize money fund in 2024. Since 2025 it is known as the Kia Open.
2021 Vuelta a Murcia
The 2021 Vuelta a Murcia was the 41st edition of the Vuelta a Murcia road cycling race. It was held on 23 May 2021 in the titular region of southeastern Spain as a category 1.1 event on the 2021 UCI Europe Tour calendar. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the race was postponed from mid-February to late May. As a result, the race reverted to the one-day nature it had previously held before 2019.

The 192.4-kilometre (119.6 mi) long race started in Los Alcázares and finished in Alcantarilla. It was won by Alcantarilla-born Antonio Jesús Soto (Euskaltel–Euskadi), who was part of the race's initial breakaway. During the rain-soaked race, Soto dropped his breakaway companions on the last climb and soloed to victory, his first ever as a professional. The chasing bunch finished just over half a minute after Soto, with Ángel Madrazo (Burgos BH) winning the sprint for second ahead of Gonzalo Serrano (Movistar Team), who rounded out the podium.

2021 UCI Europe Tour
The 2021 UCI Europe Tour was the 17th season of the UCI Europe Tour. The season began on 24 January 2021 with the Clàssica Comunitat Valenciana 1969 – Gran Premio Valencia and ended on 24 October 2021 with the Ronde van Drenthe.

Throughout the season, points were awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determined how many points are awarded to the top finishers; the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points were awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.Pro, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.Pro, 1.1 and 1.2
Yangelʹ
Yangelʹ is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the irregular terrain to the north of the Mare Vaporum. Its diameter is 8 km. It was named after Soviet rocketry scientist Mikhail Kuzmich Yangelʹ in 1973. This crater was formerly designated Manilius F.

It is a relatively solitary crater formation, and the nearest larger craters lie more than 100 kilometers distant. To the southeast of Yangelʹ is the prominent crater Manilius. Conon is located to the northwest, near the flanks of the Montes Apenninus range.

Just to the north of Yangelʹ is the small lunar mare named Lacus Felicitatis, or Lake of Happiness. To the northeast, forming a bay on the Mare Vaporum, is Sinus Fidei. A sinuous rille named Rima Conon runs along the middle of this feature, reaching the northern end.

This is a circular, bowl-shaped crater with a narrow outer rim. The interior floor has a relatively low albedo that matches the dark hue of the mare to the south.

Conon (crater)
Conon is a small but prominent lunar impact crater that lies in the eastern foothills of the Montes Apenninus mountain range. The crater is named for the Greek astronomer Conon of Samos (fl. 250 BCE). Just to the west of Conon is the long mountainous ridge Mons Bradley. The nearest craters possessing an eponym are Galen, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the east, and Aratus, about the same distance to the northeast.
Chinese Handball Association
The Chinese Handball Association (CHA) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in the People's Republic of China. CHA is affiliated to the International Handball Federation and Asian Handball Federation. Founded in 1979, CHA is also affiliated to the Chinese Olympic Committee, East Asian Handball Federation. It is based in Beijing.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Competitive altruism
Competitive altruism is a possible mechanism for the persistence of cooperative behaviours, specifically those that are performed unconditionally. The theory of reciprocal altruism can be used to explain behaviours that are performed by a donor who receives some sort of benefit in the future. When no such compensation is received, however, reciprocity fails to explain altruistic behaviour. Both reciprocal altruism and competitive altruism anticipate that the more altruistic one is, the more they will receive. Competitive altruism explains unreciprocated altruistic behaviour as individuals striving to outcompete others in terms of their generosity so as to gain the unique benefits obtained from an enhanced status and reputation.

Reciprocity (evolution)
Reciprocity in evolutionary biology refers to mechanisms whereby the evolution of cooperative or altruistic behaviour may be favoured by the probability of future mutual interactions. A corollary is how a desire for revenge can harm the collective and therefore be naturally selected against.
Carlos García (footballer, born 1984)
Carlos García Badías (born 29 April 1984) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

He spent most of his career with Almería, playing 208 competitive matches for the club and appearing in three La Liga seasons. Additionally, he had a four-year spell with Maccabi Tel Aviv in the Israeli Premier League.

2012–13 Israeli Premier League
The 2012–13 Israeli Premier League was the fourteenth season since its introduction in 1999 and the 71st season of top-tier football in Israel. It began on 25 August 2012 and ended on 20 May 2013. Ironi Kiryat Shmona were the defending champions, having won their first Premier League title last season.

Maccabi Tel Aviv secured the title with a 2–0 win against Ironi Ramat HaSharon on 22 April 2012. This was their 19th Israeli league title, this win gave Maccabi Tel Aviv a 13-point advantage over the second-place team Maccabi Haifa with four more rounds to go.
1975–76 Colchester United F.C. season
The 1975–76 season was Colchester United's 34th season in their history and their second consecutive season in third tier of English football, the Third Division. Alongside competing in the Third Division, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the League Cup.

With Jim Smith departing for Second Division Blackburn Rovers in the summer, his former Colchester United coach Bobby Roberts was appointed manager in his place. A succession of poor results spelt relegation for Colchester, while they exited both cup competitions in the first round.

Jim Smith (footballer, born 1940)
James Michael Smith (17 October 1940 – 10 December 2019) was an English footballer and manager. As a player, he made 249 appearances in the Fourth Division of the Football League, representing Aldershot, Halifax Town, Lincoln City and Colchester United, and played for 3+1⁄2 years for Boston United of the Northern Premier League. He began a long managerial career with Boston United, and went on to take charge of top division clubs such as Birmingham City, Newcastle United and Derby County. Smith served as a member of the board of directors of Oxford United for three years from 2006 to 2009. He served as the League Managers' Association's chief executive and was inducted into their Hall of Fame for managing over 1000 matches. He was nicknamed "The Bald Eagle".
2018 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 2018 Oregon gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the governor of Oregon to serve a full four-year term. In the 2016 special election, Democratic governor Kate Brown had been elected to serve the last two years of John Kitzhaber's term.

The Republican Party nominated Knute Buehler, her opponent in the 2012 Oregon Secretary of State election; the Independent Party of Oregon nominated Patrick Starnes. Brown, running for a full term, won the election; because of term limits, she became ineligible to seek the governorship again.

Oregon Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Oregon, an elected constitutional officer within the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon, is first in the line of succession to the governor. The duties of the office are auditor of public accounts, chief elections officer, and administrator of public records. Additionally, the secretary of state serves on the Oregon State Land Board and chairs the Oregon Sustainability Board. Following every United States Census, if the Oregon Legislative Assembly cannot come to an agreement over changes to legislative redistricting, the duty falls to the secretary of state.

The current secretary of state is Democrat Tobias Read, who took office on January 6, 2025.