hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taylor, Australian Capital Territory
Taylor is a suburb in Gungahlin, Canberra, Australia. Development of the suburb began in 2017. It is named after magazine publisher Florence Mary Taylor, who was editor of and writer for several Australian building industry journals including the influential Building magazine. The suburb is approximately 4 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and 16 km from the centre of Canberra and bounded to the south by Horse Park Drive. One Tree Hill lies to the northwest on the border with New South Wales. The suburb is located in north Gungahlin adjacent to the suburbs of Moncrieff, Casey, Jacka and Ngunnawal.

Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory
Ngunnawal (/ŋʌnəwəl/) is a suburb in the district of Gungahlin in Canberra, Australia. The suburb is named in tribute to the Ngunnawal people, the original inhabitants of the area. The suburb was gazetted on 24 April 1992. Ngunnawal is adjacent to the suburbs of Nicholls, Casey, Moncrieff, Amaroo and Gungahlin. It is bounded by Gungahlin Drive, Horse Park Drive, Gundaroo Drive and Mirrabei Drive. Ginninderra Creek is situated near Ngunnawal's eastern boundary. The suburb is located approximately 4 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and about 13 km from the centre of Canberra.
Fleet Requirements Unit
The Airwork Fleet Requirements Unit (FRU) was a civilian-operated unit of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm managed by Airwork Limited. It was established on the 1 September 1952, at Hurn Airport, operating for 20 years before merging with another unit to become the Fleet Requirements and Air Direction Training Unit (FRADTU), on the 1 December 1972.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
Mirokuji kanga ruins
The Mirokuji Kanga ruins (弥勒寺官衙遺跡群, Mirokuji kanga iseki gun) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a Hakuho to Heian period Buddhist temple and government administrative complex located in what is now the cities of Seki and Mino in Gifu prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. The site consists of the Mirokuji temple ruins (弥勒寺跡, Mirokuji iseki), the Maruyama Kiln ruins (丸山古窯跡, Maruyama kokama ato) and the Mirokuji Kanga ruins (弥勒寺官衙遺跡群, Mirokuji kanga iseki). The ruins were protected as a National Historic Site in 1959, with the area designated expanded in 1994 and again in 2007.

Mino, Gifu
Mino (美濃市, Mino-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.no, mʲi.noꜜ, mʲi.noꜜɕi]) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 31 December 2018, the city had an estimated population of 20,749 in 8149 households, and a population density of 180 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 117.01 square kilometres (45.18 sq mi). The city is renowned for traditional Japanese Mino washi paper and its streets, which are in the style of the early Edo period (1603–1868). An urban area known as "Udatsu Townscape" (うだつのあがるまちなみ) was designated as an important traditional building group conservation area by the government on May 13, 1999.
Wavelength shifter
A wavelength shifter is a photofluorescent material that absorbs higher frequency photons and emits lower frequency photons. The material absorbs one photon, and emits one or multiple lower-energy photons. The relaxation time of the excited molecule is usually in the order of nanoseconds.

Cherenkov radiation
Cherenkov radiation (/tʃəˈrɛŋkɒf/) is an electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of propagation of a wavefront in a medium) of light in that medium.  A classic example of Cherenkov radiation is the characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor. Its cause is similar to the cause of a sonic boom, the sharp sound heard when faster-than-sound movement occurs. The phenomenon is named after Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov.
Catford Studios
Catford Studios was a British film studio located in Southend, London, just southeast of Catford in Southeast London which operated from 1914 to 1921. It was also known as the Windsor Studios.

The studio was constructed in 1914, and produced a number of notable films during the First World War such as Tom Brown's Schooldays and the first Edgar Wallace adaptation The Man Who Bought London. After the war the studio was acquired by the Broadwest Company of Walter West who used it largely as an overflow facility for his main base at Walthamstow Studios. When Broadwest ran into financial problems, the studio was closed.

Southend, London
Southend is a small residential locality in the London Borough of Lewisham in southeast London, England. It was historically a rural village at the south of the parish of Lewisham, Kent that remained undeveloped until after the First World War. It is now a residential suburb, with some large retail stores, within the built-up area of London.
Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).

Dibenzofuran
Dibenzofuran (DBF) is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical structure shown at right. It is an aromatic compound that has two benzene rings fused to a central furan ring. All the numbered carbon atoms have a hydrogen atom bonded to each of them. It is a volatile white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.  It is obtained from coal tar, where it exists as a 1% component.
Tom Lane (computer scientist)
Thomas G. Lane is a computer scientist dedicated to open-source software. In a 2000 survey, he was listed as one of the top 10 contributors to an intended-to-be-representative sample of open-source software, having contributed 0.782% of the total code.

Lane's contributions to open-source include:

Organizer of the Independent JPEG Group (IJG),

Member of the core steering committee of PostgreSQL

Co-author of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) specification

Member of the Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) advisory committee

Contributor to the Ptolemy Project

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Moated settlements
A moated settlement (環濠集落) (English: moated settlements, ditched settlements, ditch-enclosed settlements ) is a human settlement (village) surrounded by a moat. It is thought to be a new settlement boundary facility brought from the continent along with paddy rice agriculture.

Kaigarayama Shell Midden
The Kaigarayama shell midden (貝殻山貝塚, Kaigarayama kaizuka) is an archaeological site containing the ruins of a large-scale Yayoi period settlement with an associated shell midden located in what is now part of the city of Kiyosu, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan.  The shell midden was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1971.
Ahmad Bashir
Ahmad Bashir (Punjabi, Urdu: احمد بشیر; 24 March 1923 – 25 December 2004) was a writer, journalist, intellectual and film director from Pakistan. He was the father of leading television artists Bushra Ansari, Asma Abbas, Sumbul Shahid and poet & author Neelam Bashir and son Humayun Sheikh.

Begum Parveen Atif, also an Urdu short story writer, columnist, travelogue writer in Urdu and Punjabi, was his sister. His wife Mehmooda was his partner since 1947.

He was a close friend of Urdu writers Mumtaz Mufti and Ibn-e-Insha. Mumtaz Mufti helped him join the now defunct Urdu-language daily newspaper Imroze after the independence of Pakistan.

Bushra Ansari
Bushra Ansari (Punjabi pronunciation: [bʊʃɾaː ənsaːɾiː]) is a Pakistani actress, comedian, singer, and playwright in Punjabi and Urdu cinema, who started her career as a child performer in the 1960s. Ansari won numerous awards during her career, including the Presidential Pride of Performance Award in 1989 for her contributions to Pakistani television.
Henbury Loop Line
The Henbury Loop Line, also known as the Filton to Avonmouth Line, is a railway line following the boundary between Bristol and South Gloucestershire between the Severn Beach Line at Hallen Marsh Junction, Avonmouth and the Cross Country Route/South Wales Main Line at Filton. It is currently only used for freight.

Cross Country Route
The Cross Country Route is a long-distance railway route in England, which runs from Bristol Temple Meads to York via Birmingham New Street, Derby, Sheffield and Leeds or Doncaster. Inter-city services on the route, which include some of the longest passenger journeys in the UK such as Aberdeen to Plymouth, are operated by CrossCountry.

It is classed as a high-speed line because its sections from Birmingham to Wakefield Westgate and from Leeds to York have a speed limit of 125 mph (200 km/h); however, the section from Birmingham to Bristol is limited to 100 mph (160 km/h) because of numerous level crossings, especially half-barrier level crossings, and the section from Wakefield to Leeds has the same limit because of a number of curves.
Retrospective 2
Retrospective 2 is the second compilation album by the American rock band Sevendust. It is a follow-up to the Retrospect DVD, released in 2001. The compilation covers Next and Alpha, and does not contain any material from Animosity or Seasons. It also comes with a DVD which has the makings of the albums, Next and Alpha, as well as music videos and live performances.

Next (Sevendust album)
Next is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Sevendust. It was released on October 11, 2005, through Winedark Records, with distribution by Universal Music. This album marked a pivotal moment for the band, being their first release after departing from TVT Records and the introduction of guitarist Sonny Mayo, formerly of Snot and Amen, replacing Clint Lowery.
2012 PBA All-Star Weekend
The 2012 PBA All-Star Weekend was the annual all-star weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)'s 2011–12 PBA season. The events were held from May 10 to 13, 2012 at the Ilocos Norte Centennial Arena, Laoag, Ilocos Norte.

Highlighting the weekend was the return of the Rookies-Sophomores-Juniors (RSJ) vs. Veterans format of the All-Star game, after being dropped following the 2001 event.

Mark Macapagal and Jonas Villanueva achieved three-peats as they were again victorious in the Three-point Shootout and Obstacle Challenge, respectively.

The players from Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters were pulled out from their respective events, days before the start of the weekend.

2011–12 PBA season
The 2011–12 PBA season was the 37th season of the Philippine Basketball Association. The season was formally opened on October 2, 2011 at the Smart Araneta Coliseum, and finished on August 5, 2012. The season used three-conference format, starting with the Philippine Cup, or the traditional All-Filipino Conference. The mid season Commissioner's Cup featured unlimited height limit for imports. The Governors' Cup became the third and final conference for this season.

The first activity of the season was the 2011 PBA Draft held on August 28, 2011, at the Robinsons Place Manila in Ermita, Manila.
Waimā
Waimā is a community in the south Hokianga area of Northland, New Zealand. State Highway 12 runs through the area. The Waima River flows through the Waima Valley into the Hokianga Harbour. Rawene is to the north west, and Kaikohe is to the north east.

Rawene
Rawene is a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour, in Northland, New Zealand. State Highway 12 passes to the south. The town lies at the apex of a peninsula. A car ferry links it to Kohukohu and the northern Hokianga.
Cheap Time
Cheap Time is a Nashville-based garage rock band, fronted by Jeffrey Novak. The band, which formed in 2006, has toured with Jay Reatard, Yo La Tengo, Guitar Wolf, and Mudhoney. They have released seven 7-inch singles, and four studio albums on In the Red Records: Cheap Time (2008), Fantastic Explanations (2010), Wallpaper Music (2012), and Exit Smiles (2013).

Jay Reatard
James Lee Lindsey Jr. (May 1, 1980 – January 12, 2010), known professionally as Jay Reatard, was an American musician from Memphis, Tennessee. He was signed to Matador Records. He released recordings as a solo artist and as a member of the Reatards and Lost Sounds.
Okchun-dang
Okchun-dang (Korean: 옥춘당; Hanja: 玉春糖) or okchun (옥춘; 玉春), called saek-kusŭl-sathang (색구슬사탕; "colour marble candy") in North Korea, is a traditional Korean sweet made of rice flour. The flat, rounded sweet is red with white, yellow and green decoration.

It is a staple on the table for various traditional ceremonies such as jesa (ancestral rite) and hwangap (60th birthday).

Hangwa
Hangwa (Korean: 한과) is a general term for traditional Korean confections. With tteok (rice cakes), hangwa forms the sweet food category in Korean cuisine. Common ingredients of hangwa include grain flour, fruits and roots, sweet ingredients such as honey and yeot, and spices such as cinnamon and ginger.
Walter of Albano
Walter or Gualterio of Albano (died 1101) was the cardinal-bishop of the Diocese of Albano in Italy from 1091 to 1101. He served as papal legate to England in May 1095, where he secured the recognition of Pope Urban II by King William II of England. He also brought a pallium, the symbol of an archbishop's authority, to the newly elected Archbishop of Canterbury, Anselm of Canterbury.

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Abinsk
Abinsk (Russian: Аби́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Abinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located 75 kilometers (47 mi) southwest of Krasnodar, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 39,058 (2020), 34,928 (2010 Census); 33,734 (2002 Census); 29,182 (1989 Soviet census); 23,000 (1968).

It was previously known as Abinskaya (until 1963).

Krasnodar
Krasnodar, formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southern Russia, with a population of 1,154,885 residents, and up to 1.263 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the tenth-largest city in Russia, and the largest city in southern Russia, as well as the Southern Federal District.

The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the Cossacks, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in World War II but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, Forbes named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the Krasnodar Stadium. Its main airport is Krasnodar International Airport.
1890 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1890 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

South Liberties were the defending champions.

South Liberties won the championship after a 0–01 to 0–00 defeat of Kilfinane in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their third title in succession.

1889 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1889 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

South Liberties were the defending champions.

South Liberties won the championship after a 1–02 to 0–03 defeat of Caherline in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Nikolaos Kaltsas (archaeologist)
Nikolaos Kaltsas (Greek: Νικόλαος Καλτσάς; born in Dialambi, Rhodope) is a Greek classical archaeologist.

Kaltsas studied classical archaeology at the University of Thessaloniki, where he received his doctorate in 1985. Having already served as curator at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia (1981-1983), he became curator of the sculptural collection at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens and from 2002 to 2012 was director of the museum. He is a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute.

National Archaeological Museum, Athens
The National Archaeological Museum (Greek: Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο, romanized: Ethnikó Archaiologikó Mouseío) in Athens houses some of the most important artifacts from a variety of archaeological locations around Greece from prehistory to late antiquity. It is considered one of the greatest museums in the world and contains the richest collection of Greek Antiquity artifacts worldwide. It is situated in the Exarcheia area in central Athens between Epirus Street, Bouboulinas Street and Tositsas Street while its entrance is on the Patission Street, adjacent to the historical building of the National Technical University of Athens.
Hurungwe East
Hurungwe East is a constituency of the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Karoi District in Mashonaland West Province. Its current MP since the 2023 election is Chenjerai Kangausaru of ZANU–PF. Previously, the constituency was represented by ZANU–PF's Ngoni Masenda following the 2018 election.

Karoi District
Karoi District is a district of Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. The district is also known as Hurungwe District which extends to Zambian border. The Hurungwe district office are found in Karoi town.
Anthony Durnford
Lieutenant-Colonel (substantive grade) Anthony William Durnford (24 May 1830 – 22 January 1879) was a British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War. Breveted colonel effective 31 December 1878, Durnford is mainly known for his defeat by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana, which was a disaster for the British Army.

Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford
General Frederic Augustus Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, GCB, GCVO (31 May 1827 – 9 April 1905) was a British Army officer who rose to prominence during the Anglo-Zulu War, when an expeditionary force under his command suffered a decisive defeat at the hands of a Zulu force at the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879. Despite this defeat, he was able to score several victories against the Zulus, culminating in the British victory at the Battle of Ulundi, which ended the war and partly restored his reputation in Britain.
Roridomyces austrororidus
Roridomyces austrororidus, commonly known as the austro dripping bonnet, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Described as new to science in 1962 by American mycologist Rolf Singer, it is found in South America, New Zealand, and Australia, where it grows on rotting wood.

The fruit bodies (mushrooms) have several distinguishing characteristics that facilitate identification, including thick, white, mucilaginous stipes, and white to pale cream, convex caps that measure 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in). The gills are white, widely spaced, and have a fused or decurrent attachment to the stipe. Spores are smooth, ellipsoid, and measure about 9–15 by 6–9 micrometres. The smooth and white stipes are 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 0.1–0.2 cm (0.04–0.08 in) thick, and covered with a thick coating of gluten.

Mycenaceae
The Mycenaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 10 genera and 705 species. This is one of several families that were separated from the Tricholomataceae as a result of phylogenetic analyses. Taxa in the Mycenaceae are saprobic, have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found in almost all ecological zones. The family was circumscribed by Caspar van Overeem in 1926.

The extinct genus Protomycena, described from Burdigalian age Dominican amber found on the island of Hispaniola is one of four known agaric genera in the fossil record.
Woolley Bridge
Woolley Bridge is an area in Glossopdale, on the border of Greater Manchester and Derbyshire in England. It lies 10 miles from Manchester city centre. It is in the ward of Hadfield South.
Nearby places include Hollingworth, Tintwistle, Dinting Vale, Gamesley, Glossop and Mottram.

Hollingworth
Hollingworth is a village in the Tameside district, in Greater Manchester, England. It is about 11 miles (19 km) east of Manchester, on the Derbyshire border near Hadfield. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. It gave its name to a family who owned much of the surrounding area from before the time of the Norman conquest.
WXJM
WXJM (88.7 FM) is an American non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States.  The station, established in 1990, is owned and operated by James Madison University. The station's broadcast license is held by the James Madison University Board of Visitors.

WXJM station management reports to the JMU Media Board, which is under the jurisdiction of the University Board of Visitors.  WXJM also receives guidance and technical support from WMRA, a public radio station owned by the university.

James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908, the institution was renamed in 1938 in honor of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison. It has since expanded from its origins as a normal school and teacher's college into a comprehensive university. It is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, just west of Massanutten Mountain.