hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Michigan's 11th congressional district election
Michigan's 11th congressional district election was held on November 6, 2012, for a seat in the 113th United States Congress alongside a presidential election, other elections to the United States House of Representatives and elections for class I of the United States Senate. In Michigan, all of the state's 14 congressional seats were at stake. Michigan's junior United States Senator Debbie Stabenow is running for re-election.  Additionally, all 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives were at stake.

In reapportionment done following the 2010 United States census, the district was redrawn to favor then Congressman Thaddeus McCotter.

The election was held alongside a special election to fill a vacancy in Michigan's 11th congressional district caused by the July 6, 2012 resignation of Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Thaddeus McCotter. The primary for the special election was held on September 5, 2012.

2012 United States Senate election in Michigan
The 2012 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 6, 2012, alongside the 2012 United States presidential election, other elections to the United States Senate in other states, as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Incumbent Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2006 with 57% of the vote to 41%. She defeated Oakland County sheriff and former State Senate Majority Leader Michael Bouchard after narrowly defeating Republican incumbent Spencer Abraham in 2000. The deadline for candidates to file for the August 7 primary was May 15. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow was re-elected to a third term after being unopposed in the Democratic primary. The Republican nominee was former Congressman Pete Hoekstra. Stabenow defeated Hoekstra by a landslide 20.8% margin and nearly one million votes.
Secondary sensory endings
Within the sensory nervous system, Secondary sensory endings of the muscle spindle are composed of type II sensory fibers that terminate on nuclear chain fibers and static nuclear bag fibers, but not dynamic nuclear bag fibers. Whereas primary endings respond mostly to rate of change, secondary endings respond mostly to amount of stretch.

Muscle spindle
Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a skeletal muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via afferent nerve fibers. This information can be processed by the brain as proprioception. The responses of muscle spindles to changes in length also play an important role in regulating the contraction of muscles, for example, by activating motor neurons via the stretch reflex to resist muscle stretch.

The muscle spindle has both sensory and motor components.

Sensory information conveyed by primary type Ia sensory fibers which spiral around muscle fibres within the spindle, and secondary type II sensory fibers.

Activation of muscle fibres within the spindle by up to a dozen gamma motor neurons and to a lesser extent by one or two beta motor neurons.
Lena Frier Kristiansen
Lena Frier Kristiansen (born 12 March 1983) is a badminton player from Denmark. In 2001, she won the silver and bronze medals at the European Junior Championships in the mixed team and doubles respectively. Partneres with Kamilla Rytter Juhl, they won the bronze medal the 2006 European Championships in the women's doubles event, and made it to the gold medal in 2008. They also competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but was defeated in the first round by the Japanese pair Kumiko Ogura and Reiko Shiota in the rubber games.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society
Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society is an e-learning initiative which provides free online training as well as Persian and English learning resources to Iranians. It was founded in 2010 by Akbar Atri and Mariam Memarsadeghi.

The initiative uses blended civic education via live e-classrooms, correspondence learning, satellite television, and social networks, providing educational materials on democracy, women's rights, religious freedom, and civic activism. In addition to online courses, the site offers case studies, interviews, translations, public service announcements, e-books, and an online resource library for additional resources and support. TavaanaTech is a Persian-language service providing guidance on online safety and circumventing internet censorship.

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL) is a bureau within the United States Department of State. The bureau is under the purview of the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Assistance, Humanitarian Affairs and Religious Freedom.
Sofia Golovkina
Sofia Nikolayevna Golovkina (October 13 1915 [O.S. September 30] – February 17, 2004) was a Soviet and Russian ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher. A graduate of the Moscow State Academy of Choreography in 1933, she was the principal dancer of the Bolshoi Ballet till 1959. In 1960, she became director of the Moscow Bolshoi Ballet School. For her work, Golovkina was awarded the Russian Order of Merit, People's Artist of the USSR, and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. She died in 2004 in Moscow.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Heteronida aspinirostris
Heteronida aspinirostris is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The males usually measure between 2.6 and 3.7 millimetres (0.10 and 0.15 in), with females measuring between 2.5 and 4.2 millimetres (0.098 and 0.165 in). It is found off of New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu, and Chesterfield Islands, and near Norfolk Ridge, at depths between about 345 and 930 metres (1,132 and 3,051 ft).

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
John Quelch (academic)
John Anthony Quelch CBE (born 8 August 1951) is a British-American academic and professor. Quelch is the executive vice chancellor of Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China. He is the former dean of the University of Miami School of Business at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida from 2017 to 2022.

He also served as the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller university chair professor, its vice provost for executive education, the Charles Edward Wilson professor of business administration emeritus at Harvard Business School, and dean emeritus of the China Europe International Business School in Shanghai.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
Foucault (crater)
Foucault is a small lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of Mare Frigoris, to the southeast of the crater Harpalus. In the rugged terrain to the south of Foucault is Sharp. The outer perimeter of Foucault forms a somewhat irregular circle, with slight outward bulges to the south and northeast. The inner wall of the rim is not notably terraced, and slopes down directly to the uneven floor. It is named after physicist Léon Foucault, most famous for the Foucault pendulum.

Sharp (crater)
Sharp is a lunar impact crater located to the west of the Sinus Iridum bay of the Mare Imbrium, beyond the Montes Jura range. To the southwest is the crater Mairan. Because of its location and foreshortening, Sharp appears elliptical from the earth.

Sharp is surrounded by a rugged region of mountains and rises. Ridges are joined to the north and south ends of the rim. The crater has a low central peak at the midpoint of the floor. Between Sharp and Sharp A is an unnamed sinuous rille. The more distant Rima Sharp is located on the Mare Frigoris to the northwest.

Sharp is a crater of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.
Talisay, Camarines Norte
Talisay, officially the Municipality of Talisay (Tagalog: Bayan ng Talisay), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 26,371 people.

Daet
Daet (IPA: [daʔet]), officially the Municipality of Daet (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Daet; Tagalog: Bayan ng Daet), is a municipality and capital of the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 106,465 people, making it the 2nd most populous in the province after Labo .

The municipality is a popular surfing spot among surfers worldwide. It is also home to the annual Daet International Aerosports Show which was first held in 2013. It is also known for its pili nuts, used in many local snacks and treats. Popular products include pili tarts, pili rolls, pili ice cream, crispy pili, and pili candies.
La Madera
La Madera is the name given to the easternmost part of the town of San Jerónimo in the municipality of San Martín de Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico. The area was known for its lumber, brought down from the Sierra de Quila, and was used for making corrals, and for house construction.

San Martín de Hidalgo
San Martín de Hidalgo, formerly San Martín de la Cal, is the largest town and municipal seat of San Martín de Hidalgo Municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. As of 2015, the town had a population of 7,819. It is located 16 km (10 miles) southeast of the city of Ameca and 13 km (8 miles) northwest of the city of Cocula.

Tourism in San Martín de Hidalgo mainly relies on either architecture, hiking, or gastronomy.
Region Jönköping County
Region Jönköping County (Swedish: Region Jönköpings län), formerly known as Jönköping County Council (Swedish: Jönköpings läns landsting), is a regional council responsible for healthcare, public transport, and cultural affairs in Jönköping County. It also coordinates regional development efforts in infrastructure, business, employment, and education. The Region was formally established on 1 January 2015 when the Swedish Parliament granted the county council extended responsibilities.

Regions of Sweden
In Sweden, a region (Swedish: [rɛɡɪˈuːn]) is a self-governing administrative division responsible primarily for healthcare and public transport. Sweden's regions correspond geographically to Sweden's 21 counties (Swedish: län) and were previously known as county councils (Swedish: landsting) until they were restructured and renamed in 2020. Regions (Swedish: regioner) are one of the principal administrative subdivisions of Sweden.
Kōji (food)
Kōji (Japanese: 麹; rōmaji: kōji, also written as the kokuji 糀) is a filamentous fungus, most commonly Aspergillus oryzae, which is traditionally used in Japanese cuisine for the fermentation of food, or a mixture of such a culture with wheat and soybean meal. The latter can be fried and eaten directly or processed to a sauce.

The term kōji in English refers specifically to the Japanese types of starter cultures. The same Chinese character (Chinese: 麹; pinyin: qū, more commonly written as the homophonic 曲 in simplified Chinese texts) is used in Chinese to refer to Chinese starter cultures; see jiuqu.

In Japanese, the genus Aspergillus is known with the common name of kōji mold (麹黴（コウジカビ）, kōji kabi), though the term is not fully limited to the genus (for example, Monascus purpureus is called 紅麹黴 "red kōji mold").

Jiuqu
Jiuqu (Chinese: 酒曲; lit. 'liquor yeast'), also simply known as qu, is a type of dried fermentation starter used in the production of traditional Chinese alcoholic beverages. The word jiuqu specifically refers to a type of yeast (曲; 麴; qū) used to make alcohol (酒; jiǔ) such as huangjiu (cereal wine), baijiu (distilled spirits) and jiuniang (alcoholic rice pudding).

Other forms of starters are used for different fermentations, such as soy sauce, rice vinegar, fermented bean curd, and paste. The starter culture for these foods are also known as qu.Jiuqu is similar to, but distinct from, the more widely known Japanese starter known as koji.

The starter creation process in China traditionally took place in homes, villages, or small manufacturing facilities, later shifting to large-scale facilities.
Barcaldine railway station
Barcaldine was a railway station located in Barcaldine, Argyll and Bute, near the southern shore of Loch Creran. It was on the Ballachulish branch line that linked Connel Ferry, on the main line of the Callander and Oban Railway, with Ballachulish.

Connel Ferry railway station
Connel Ferry railway station is a railway station serving the village of Connel in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway, between Oban and Taynuilt, sited 65 miles 30 chains (105.2 km) from Callander via Glen Ogle. All services are operated by ScotRail, who also manage the station.
Long Island, County Cork
Long Island, historically called Inishfada (Irish: Inis Fada, meaning 'long island'), is an island that lies south of Schull, County Cork, Ireland. It has a permanent population of no more than 10. The island is named for being 4.8 km (3.0 mi)long and only 0.8 km (0.5 mi) wide. It is the third largest of Carbery's Hundred Isles at 1.8 km2 (0.7 sq mi), after Sherkin Island and Clear Island. The island’s most distinctive landmark is Copper Point lighthouse at its eastern end, marking the entrance to Schull Harbour.

Sherkin Island
Sherkin Island, historically called Inisherkin (Irish: Inis Arcáin), lies southwest of County Cork in Ireland alongside other islands of Roaringwater Bay. It had a population of 111 people at the time of the 2016 Census, and measures five kilometres (three miles) long by 2.5 kilometres (1+1⁄2 miles) wide. The island has one pub, a bed and breakfast, a community centre and a Roman Catholic church.
Oak Park, California
Oak Park is an unincorporated community in southeastern Ventura County, California, United States. When developed in the Simi Hills in the late 1960s, a single road provided the only access to the community from Agoura Hills, California, in neighboring Los Angeles County. As of the 2020 census, Oak Park had a population of 13,898, up from 13,811 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Oak Park as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name.

Oak Park is the biggest unincorporated community in Ventura County. Residents of the community have through votes declined to set up an independent city, and also declined to be annexed into neighboring Thousand Oaks.

Santa Susana Mountains
The Santa Susana Mountains are a transverse range of mountains in Southern California, United States, north of the city of Los Angeles. The range runs east-west, separating the San Fernando and Simi valleys on its south from the Santa Clara River Valley to the north and the Santa Clarita Valley to the northeast. The Oxnard Plain is to the west of the Santa Susana Mountains.
Richmond (Yorks)
Richmond (Yorks) was a constituency in North Yorkshire in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was represented from 1910 by members of the Conservative Party. The last MP for Richmond was Rishi Sunak from 2015 to 2024, who served as the Prime Minister and Conservative leader from 2022 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the seat had minor boundary changes and was renamed to Richmond and Northallerton, first contested at the 2024 general election.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
Kolpino railway station
Kolpino railway station (Russian: станция Колпино) is a railway station located in self-named city, Kolpinsky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is 24 km down-line from Moskovsky railway station and is situated between Sankt-Peterburg-Moskovsky-Sortirovochny (Obukhovo team tracks) and Sablino on the Saint Petersburg — Moscow line. The station hosts suburban trains from Saint-Petersburg, Malaya Vishera, Shapki and Veliky Novgorod. Electric trains Lastochka  ES1, ED4M, ET2M and ER2T make a passenger trips from Kolpino. Long-distance trains have not stop at Kolpino station. The station is approximately 1,2 km from the town center.

Moskovsky railway station (Saint Petersburg)
St. Petersburg–Moskovsky (Russian: Санкт-Петербург–Московский), is a railway station terminal in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is a terminus for the Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway and other lines running from Central and South Russia and Crimea.
Platylestes kirani
Platylestes kirani is a damselfly species in the family Lestidae. This species is known from coastal wetlands in Kerala, South India. The species is named after the late C.G. Kiran, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the odonate studies in Kerala.

Lestidae
The Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies,
known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies.

Fossil lestids are known from the Late Eocene onwards.
1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza – Doubles
Elena Brioukhovets and Eugenia Maniokova were the defending champions, but Brioukhovets chose to compete at Hamburg during the same week. Maniokova teamed up with Radka Bobková and lost in the semifinals to Laura Golarsa and Ann Grossman.

Alexia Dechaume and Florencia Labat won the title by defeating Golarsa and Grossman 6–2, 7–5 in the final.

1991 Citizen Cup – Doubles
Gigi Fernández and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Jana Novotná and Larisa Savchenko won the title by defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Helena Suková 7–5, 6–1 in the final.
Toy Commander
Toy Commander is a 1999 action game developed by No Cliché and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. A Microsoft Windows version was planned for release in 2001, but despite being almost completed, it was ultimately cancelled, due to No Cliché shutting down the following year.

Official Dreamcast Magazine (UK magazine)
Official Dreamcast Magazine (commonly abbreviated as ODM) was a video game magazine published by Dennis Publishing in the United Kingdom between 1999 and 2001. The magazine held the license for the Sega Dreamcast console in the UK and featured a DreamOn demo disc on almost every cover. The magazine also featured complete games Sega Swirl and Planet Ring on its front cover. The magazine also covered fashion related to Dreamcast gaming but this feature was dropped in later issues.
Urmston
Urmston /ˈɜːrmstən/ ⓘ is a town in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 41,731 at the 2021 Census. Historically in Lancashire, it is 5 miles (8.04672 km) southwest of Manchester city centre. The southern boundary is the River Mersey, with Stretford lying to the east and Flixton to the west. Davyhulme lies to the north of the town centre. Urmston covers an area of 4,799 acres (1,942.08639710976 ha).

The town has early medieval origins, and until the arrival of the railway in 1873 was a small farming community. The railway acted as a catalyst, transforming the town into a residence for the middle classes.

M60 motorway (Great Britain)
The M60 motorway, Manchester Ring Motorway or Manchester Outer Ring Road is an orbital motorway in North West England. Built over a 40-year period, it passes through all of Greater Manchester's metropolitan boroughs except for Wigan and Bolton. Most of Manchester is encompassed within the motorway, except for the southernmost part of the city (Wythenshawe and Manchester Airport) which is served by the M56.

The M60 is 36.1 miles (58.1 km) long and was renamed the M60 in 1998, with parts of the M62, M66 and all of the M63 being amalgamated into the new route, and the circle completed in 2000. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 and E22 from junctions 12 to 18.

In 2008, the M60 was proposed as a cordon for congestion charging in Greater Manchester, although this was rejected in a referendum relating to the Greater Manchester Transport Innovation Fund.