hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tapping machine
A tapping machine is a device used to test the impact sound insulation of floors, for measurements of impact noise (noise of footsteps) in the field of building acoustics.

The standard tapping machine has five hammers placed in a line. Each hammer is lifted and dropped in turn, creating 10 impacts per second on the floor. In the room below or adjacent, a sound level meter is used to measure the sound level created by the impacts. Because the force and frequency of the impacts is known, the impact insulation provided by the floor can be determined from the sound level.

Soundproofing
Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation. There are several methods employed including increasing the distance between the source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping structures such as sound baffles for absorption, or using active anti-noise sound generators.

Acoustic quieting and noise control can be used to limit unwanted noise. Soundproofing can reduce the transmission of unwanted direct sound waves from the source to an involuntary listener through the use of distance and intervening objects in the sound path (see sound transmission class and sound reduction index).

Soundproofing can suppress unwanted indirect sound waves such as reflections that cause echoes and resonances that cause reverberation.
Church of St. Felix, Girona
The Collegiate Church of St. Felix (Catalan: Col·legiata de Sant Feliu) is a basilica dedicated to St. Felix in the Catalan city of Girona, dating to the early days of Christianity. It houses the offices of the Parish of Sant Feliu, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona, so called because it was the main church of Girona before the construction of the Girona Cathedral. Its construction, in honor of Felix of Girona (Sant Feliu), occurred from the 12th century until the 17th century. It retains much of the Romanesque construction, completed later with a Gothic nave and a covered baroque facade. It is notable for its eight Roman and early Christian sarcophagi of the 3rd and 4th centuries, along with the Gothic tomb of Narcissus of Girona who, according to tradition, was one of the early bishops of the see.

Girona Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Mary (Catalan: Catedral de Santa Maria) is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona.

The cathedral's interior includes the widest Gothic nave in the world, with a width of 23 metres (75 ft). Its construction was begun in the 11th century in the Romanesque architectural style, and continued in the 13th century in the Gothic style. Of the original Romanesque edifice, only the 12th-century cloister and a bell tower remain.
Algorithmic problems on convex sets
Many problems in mathematical programming can be formulated as problems on convex sets or convex bodies. Six kinds of problems are particularly important:: Sec.2  optimization, violation, validity, separation, membership and emptiness. Each of these problems has a strong (exact) variant, and a weak (approximate) variant.

In all problem descriptions, K denotes a compact and convex set in Rn.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Peerless Pictures Studios
Peerless Pictures, originally Peerless Features, was an early film studio in the United States. Jules Brulatour was a co-founder. The Peerless studio was built in 1914 on Linwood Avenue in Fort Lee, New Jersey, when the town was the center of America's first motion picture industry. The company was merged along with a couple of other early studios into World Pictures.

Eclair (company)
Eclair, formerly Laboratoires Éclair, began as a film production, film laboratory, and movie camera manufacturing company established in Épinay-sur-Seine, France by Charles Jourjon in 1907.

What remains of the business is a unit of Group fr:Ymagis, offering creative and distribution services for the motion pictures industries across Europe and North America such as editing, color grading, restoration, digital and theatrical delivery, and versioning. The company is currently made up of two entities: Eclair Cinema and Eclair Media.
Nvidia DGX
The Nvidia DGX (Deep GPU Xceleration) is a series of servers and workstations designed by Nvidia, primarily geared towards enhancing deep learning applications through the use of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU). These systems typically come in a rackmount format featuring high-performance x86 server CPUs on the motherboard.

The core feature of a DGX system is its inclusion of 4 to 8 Nvidia Tesla GPU modules, which are housed on an independent system board. These GPUs can be connected either via a version of the SXM socket or a PCIe x16 slot, facilitating flexible integration within the system architecture. To manage the substantial thermal output, DGX units are equipped with heatsinks and fans designed to maintain optimal operating temperatures.

This framework makes DGX units suitable for computational tasks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning models.

Floating point operations per second
Floating point operations per second (FLOPS, flops or flop/s) is a measure of computer performance in computing, useful in fields of scientific computations that require floating-point calculations.

For such cases, it is a more accurate measure than instructions per second.
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Supervisory Commission
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Supervisory Commission (Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区监察委员会), or Xinjiang Supervisory Commission (Chinese: 新疆监察委员会), or the Supervisory Commission of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a national oversight entity chosen by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional People's Congress. It is accountable to and overseen by both the Standing Committee of the Regional People's Congress and the National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional People's Congress
The People's Congress of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the people's congress of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The 2nd session of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional People's Congress in 1956 officially announced the founding of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the regional government, following decisions taken by the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China.
Jahn–Teller effect
The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular and solid-state physics, and materials science. The effect is named for Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller, who first reported studies about it in 1937.

Buckminsterfullerene
Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a football. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors.

Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a purple solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found.

Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs.
Fil Spadla
The Fil Spadla (2,936 m) is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located north of Scuol in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has two secondary summits: the western summit (2,868 m) and the eastern summit (Piz Spadla, 2,912 m).

Scuol
Scuol (Romansh: [ˈʃkuɔ̯l] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.  The official language in Scuol is Romansh.  On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into Scuol.
High Island Offshore System
High Island Offshore System is a natural gas pipeline system that gathers gas in the offshore Gulf of Mexico and brings it into ANR Pipeline's eastern leg and Enbridge Pipelines UTOS.  It is owned by El Paso Corporation.  Its FERC code is 77.

On 30 September 2004, Enterprise Products Partners LP purchased the 204-mile long HIOS from GulfTerra.

ANR Pipeline
ANR Pipeline delivers gas from Texas, the Oklahoma panhandle region, and Louisiana to the Midwest and Great Lakes region.  It has two legs, one from Texas and the other from Louisiana, which meet near Chicago.
Helena Bergström
Helena Kristina Bergström Nutley (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛˈlêːna ˈbæ̂rjstrœm]; born 5 February 1964) is a Swedish actress and film director. From an acting family, she began her career in 1982. She has appeared on the stages of the Royal Dramatic Theatre  (Dramaten) and the Stockholm City Theatre, but is best known for her work in films. The Women on the Roof is considered a breakout role for her. Her most awarded film is The Last Dance, for which she received the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Festival Awards in Montreal and Istanbul. Her husband, Colin Nutley, has directed her in several movies. In 2007, she directed for the first time for the film Mind the Gap. She is also a screenwriter and a singer.

Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
The Guldbagge for Best Actress in a Leading Role is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to actresses working in the Swedish motion picture industry.
Rietvlei Wetland Reserve
The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve is a 663-hectare (1,640-acre) nature reserve situated in Table View, Western Cape, South Africa. It is managed by the City of Cape Town's Environmental Resource Management Department.

The Rietvlei Wetland Reserve forms part of the greater 880 hectares (2,200 acres) Table Bay Nature Reserve.

Gray's stream frog
Gray's stream frog (Strongylopus grayii) is a fairly small species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is a ground dweller, living mainly in vegetation such as sedges, generally brown, slenderly built and agile, with long, practically unwebbed toes.
Sjur Hopperstad
Sjur Hopperstad (30 October 1930 – 28 September 2015) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

A farmer from Vangsnes, he was a member of the municipal council of Balestrand Municipality from 1960 to 1964. That year the area around Vangsnes was transferred to Vik Municipality, and so Hopperstad became a municipal council member for Vik Municipality starting in 1964. He served as mayor of Vik Municipality from 1974-87. He was also a member of the county council from 1964-75 and 1980-99. Since 1992 he served as county mayor, and from 1995 as deputy county mayor.

Vangsnes
Vangsnes is a village located in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It's located on a relatively flat and fertile peninsula that juts out on the south side of the Sognefjorden, roughly at the midpoint of the fjord which is Norway's longest. The village of Balestrand lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the northwest (across the fjord) and the villages of Leikanger-Hermansverk lie about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) straight east (also across the fjord). Vangsnes Church is located in the village.

The village sits along Norwegian National Road 13 and it is connected with the villages of Hella and Dragsviki in Sogndal Municipality, both on the north side of Sognefjorden, through a ferry system operated by Fjord1.
Deklidash
Deklidash (Persian: دكلي داش, also Romanized as Deklīdāsh; also known as Dīklī Dāsh) is a village in Maraveh Tappeh Rural District, in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 43 families.

Maraveh Tappeh Rural District
Maraveh Tappeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان مراوه تپه) is in the Central District of Maraveh Tappeh County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Suzesh. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Maraveh Tappeh.
Candlewicking
Candlewicking, or candlewick is a form of whitework embroidery that traditionally uses an unbleached cotton thread on a piece of unbleached muslin. It gets its name from the nature of the soft spun cotton thread, which was braided then used to form the wick for candles. Motifs are created using a variety of traditional embroidery stitches as well as a tufted stitch. Subject matter is usually taken from nature—flowers, insects, pine trees, and so on, Other traditional motifs resemble Pennsylvania Dutch or Colonial American designs. Modern designs include colored floss embroidery with the traditional white on white stitching.

Loom-woven or machine-made candlewicks of the early 19th century are white bedcovers with designs created during the weaving process by raising loops over a small twig or tool.

Contemporary candlewicking is most commonly used as a cushion cover.

Embroidery thread
Embroidery thread is yarn that is manufactured or hand-spun specifically for embroidery and other forms of needlework. Embroidery thread often differs widely, coming in many different fiber types, colors and weights.
Kosmos 2087
Kosmos 2087 (Russian: Космос 2087 meaning Cosmos 2087) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2087 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 18:13 UTC on 25 July 1990. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1990-064A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20707.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
ICE TD
The DBAG Class 605, commonly known as the ICE TD is a high-speed diesel multiple unit (DMU) train, formerly in service with Deutsche Bahn and DSB. It was retired from active passenger service in 2017 after years of operational issues with one trainset being kept and repurposed as a technology testbed.

DSB Class MF
The DSB Class MF is a Danish-built medium/long distance diesel multiple-unit train. The sets were built by ABB Scandia (later purchased by Adtranz, which itself was subsequently acquired by Bombardier Transportation) in Randers. This train model has been operating in Denmark and Sweden since 1990 and was previously operated in Israel from 1992–2024. The name IC3 indicates simply that it is a three-carriage InterCity trainset.

A total of 153 trainsets were built in 1989–98 by ABB Scandia in Randers, of which 96 trainsets were for DSB. Other sets were exported to Sweden, Israel, Spain, United States, Canada. At DSB, up to five train sets can be connected for a total length of 292.5 m (960 ft) and a total of 720 seats.

An electrically powered four-carriage version, the IR4 was introduced between 1995 and 1998.
Miftah Ismail
Miftah Ismail (Urdu: مفتاح اسماعیل; born 23 July 1965) is a Pakistani political economist who served as the Federal Minister of Finance from April 2022 to September 2022. He had previously served in the same office, from April 2018 to May 2018 in Khaqan Abbasi's cabinet. Prior to that, he served as the Advisor to the Prime Minister on Finance, Revenue and Economic Affairs, chairman of the Pakistan Board of Investment and an economist with the International Monetary Fund.

He is the current secretary of the Awaam Pakistan party, a political party he co-founded alongside former Pakistani prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi.

Minister of Finance (Pakistan)
The Minister of Finance of Pakistan (Urdu: 'Wazīr-ē-Khazana') is a leading cabinet member who heads the Ministry of Finance in the Government of Pakistan. The Minister is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget to the Parliament of Pakistan. Muhammad Aurangzeb is currently serving as the Finance Minister since March 11, 2024.
Zaw Moe Than
Brigadier General Zaw Moe Than (Burmese: ဇော်မိုးသန်း; born Myanmar) is a Burmese police officer who formerly served in the Myanmar Police Force.

In June 2020, multiple Burmese and international news agencies such as The Irrawaddy, Radio Free Asia, DVB Burmese, Myanmar Now, BBC Burmese, Khit Thit Media, and Eleven Media Group, reported that Brigadier General Zaw Moe Than had been sentenced to three years in prison under the Myanmar Police Force Maintenance of Discipline Law for sexually exploiting female subordinates.

He was investigated after a complaint alleged that he demanded sexual favors in exchange for promotions. At least eight officers formally reported the misconduct to the Ministry of Home Affairs, prompting an internal investigation. The internal inquiry confirmed the accusations, and he was sentenced on 3 July 2020 before being transferred to Yamethin Prison in Mandalay Region.

Myanmar Police Force
The Myanmar Police Force (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့), formerly the People's Police Force (ပြည်သူ့ ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့), is the law enforcement agency of Myanmar. It was established in 1964 as an independent department under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Rayford Price
William Rayford Price (February 9, 1937 – February 21, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member in the Texas House of Representatives from 1961 to 1973. From 1972 to 1973, he served as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives.

Price died on February 21, 2023, at the age of 86.

Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
The speaker of the Texas House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Texas House of Representatives. The Speaker's main duties are to conduct meetings of the House, appoint committees, and enforce the Rules of the House. The current speaker of the house is Dustin Burrows, a Republican from Lubbock. He was elected Speaker on January 14, 2025.
Ruswai
Ruswai (Urdu: رُسوائی, lit. 'Disgrace') previously titled Zard Bahar is a 2019 Pakistani crime drama television series, that originally aired on ARY Digital in 2019-20. It is produced by Humayun Saeed and Shahzad Nasib under the banner of Six Sigma Plus. Sana Javed and Mikaal Zulfiqar played the lead roles. The serial revolves around rape survivor Samira and is based on the concept of Watta Satta. It is digitally available to stream on YouTube and in some countries on VIU App.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Daudsu Jamaludin
Mohd Daudsu Bin Jamaludin (born 18 March 1985) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a right back.

Daudsu made his debut with the Malaysia national team in the 2010 World Cup qualifying Asian zone against Bahrain on 21 October 2007 at Bahrain National Stadium, Manama. In August 2007, Daudsu was one of the pillars in Malaysia Under-23 team that won the 2007 Merdeka Tournament.

2011 Malaysia FA Cup
The 2011 Malaysia FA Cup, also known as the Astro Piala FA due to the competition's sponsorship by Astro Arena, was the 22nd season of the Malaysia FA Cup, a knockout competition for Malaysia's state football association and clubs.

Negeri Sembilan FA were the defending champions.

The cup winner were guaranteed a place in the 2012 AFC Cup.
Akob Aghi khachkar
Akob Aghi khachkar (Armenian: Ակոբ Աղի խաչքար) is a khachkar located just northeast of the village of Hayravank along the southwest shores of Lake Sevan in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It lies in front of the western wall of the Hayravank Monastery complex, on the pedestal; the upper left corner is broken. It is included in the state list of immovable monuments of history and culture of Armenia (5.59/1.1.3.5)։ The khachkar was created by Akob, a 16th-century Armenian sculptor, maker of khachkars and tombstones.

Khachkar
A khachkar (also spelled as khatchkar) or Armenian cross-stone (Armenian: խաչքար, pronounced [χɑtʃʰˈkʰɑɾ], խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs. Khachkars are characteristic of medieval Christian Armenian art.

Since 2010, khachkars, their symbolism and craftsmanship are inscribed in the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Vlad Țepeș, Călărași
Vlad Țepeș is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. As of 2011 Vlad Țepeș has a population of 2,336.

The commune and one of its two villages are named after Vlad Țepeș; the other village, Mihai Viteazu, is named after Michael the Brave.

The commune is located in the Bărăgan Plain, in the central part of the county, 25 km (16 mi) northwest of the county seat, Călărași.

Călărași
Călărași (Romanian pronunciation: [kələˈraʃʲ] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Кълъраш, romanized: Kŭlŭrash), the capital of Călărași County in the Muntenia region, is situated in south-east Romania, on the banks of the Danube's Borcea branch, at about 12 kilometres (7 miles) from the Bulgarian border and 125 kilometres (78 miles) from Bucharest. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube.

The city is an industrial centre for lumber and paper, food processing, glass manufacturing, textiles, medical equipment production, and heavy industry, the last one represented by the Călărași steel works. The city is known colloquially as "Capșa provinciei" (the Capșa from the provinces).