hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbonate-associated sulfate
Carbonate-associated sulfates (CAS) are sulfate species found in association with carbonate minerals, either as inclusions, adsorbed phases, or in distorted sites within the carbonate mineral lattice. It is derived primarily from dissolved sulfate in the solution from which the carbonate precipitates. In the ocean, the source of this sulfate is a combination of riverine and atmospheric inputs, as well as the products of marine hydrothermal reactions and biomass remineralisation. CAS is a common component of most carbonate rocks, having concentrations in the parts per thousand within biogenic carbonates and parts per million within abiogenic carbonates. Through its abundance and sulfur isotope composition, it provides a valuable record of the global sulfur cycle across time and space.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
Black Rock Halt railway station
Black Rock Halt was a railway station in Gwynedd, located between Criccieth and Porthmadog on the former Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway. It served the popular beach at Black Rock Sands beyond the headland it is named after.

Criccieth
Criccieth, also spelled Cricieth ([ˈkrɪkjɛθ] ⓘ), is a town and community in Gwynedd, Wales, on the boundary between the Llŷn Peninsula and Eifionydd. The town is 5 miles (8 km) west of Porthmadog, 9 miles (14 km) east of Pwllheli and 17 miles (27 km) south of Caernarfon. It had a population of 1,826 in 2001, reducing to 1,753 at the 2011 census.

The town is a seaside resort, popular with families. Attractions include the ruins of Criccieth Castle, which have extensive views over the town and surrounding countryside. In the centre is Y Maes, part of the original medieval town common.

The town is noted for its fairs, held on 23 May and 29 June every year, when large numbers of people visit the fairground and the market which spreads through many of the streets of the town.

The town styles itself the "Pearl of Wales on the Shores of Snowdonia".
Harubera railway station
Harubera railway station is an Indian railway station of Barkakana–Muri branch line, located under Ranchi railway division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is situated beside Gola Road, Harubera in Ramgarh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Ranchi railway division
Ranchi railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 2003 and its headquarter is located at Ranchi in the state of Jharkhand of India.

Kharagpur railway division, Chakradharpur railway division and Adra railway division are the other three railway divisions under SER Zone headquartered at Garden Reach, Calcutta.
North Cape York Paman languages
The North Cape York Paman languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of forty languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. The languages are grouped largely according to R. M. W. Dixon. The only extant branches of this family are Umpila and the Wik languages. The now-extinct Northern Paman branch was unique among Pama-Nyungan languages in containing fricatives.

Sutton (2001) also distinguishes a Ndwa'ngith language among Northern Paman.

Wik languages
The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. This grouping was first proposed by R. M. W. Dixon.

Each of the Kugu-Muminh dialects may have the prefix Wik- instead of Kugu-. Wik Paach is not a Wik language despite its name.

The languages are as follows; often various dialects are considered separate languages:

The Flinders Island language and Barrow Point language were apparently Wik.
Helcogramma shinglensis
Helcogramma shinglensis is a species of triplefin from the genus Helcogramma. It has been recorded only from the Gulf of Mannar in the eastern Indian Ocean. It is accepted as a valid species by Fishbase but the Catalog of Fishes treats this taxon as synonymous with Helcogramma obtusirostris.

Helcogramma obtusirostris
Helcogramma obtusirostris, the hotlips triplefin or shortsnout triplefin, is a triplefin blenny of the family Tripterygiidae, found from the Red Sea south to South Africa and east to the western Pacific, and the southeast Atlantic, around Ascension Island and St. Helena. It reaches a maximum length of 3.8 cm according to FishBase, but only 4 cm according to "Two Oceans".
Croydon Park, New South Wales
Croydon Park is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Croydon Park is 12.1 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is divided between the local government areas of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, Municipality of Burwood and Inner West Council. Croydon is a separate suburb, to the north.

Croydon Park has a commercial shopping strip along Georges River Road and is in proximity to larger shopping and town centres of Burwood, Ashfield and Campsie. Croydon Park is relatively large compared to neighbouring suburbs. It is largely residential, but has a commercial strip along Georges River Road, a local arterial that runs through the centre of the suburb.

Burwood, New South Wales
Burwood is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi)  west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.

Burwood Heights is a separate suburb to the south. The Appian Way is a street in Burwood, known for its architecturally designed Federation-style homes.
Walnut Springs Park
Walnut Springs Park (also known as the Walnut Branch Walk) in Seguin, Texas is a network of walkways and bridges along the banks of Walnut Branch, a small tributary of the Guadalupe River. The stream is fed by various small springs. The main one near Court St. was filled in for parking, but the water still trickles out from the beneath the fill.

The park is an important part of the city's urban fabric and a historic attraction in its own right.

Guadalupe River (Texas)
The Guadalupe River (/ˌɡwɑːdəˈlup/; Spanish pronunciation: [gwaðaˈlupe]) runs from Kerr County, Texas, to San Antonio Bay on the Gulf Coast. It is a popular destination for rafting, fly fishing, and canoeing. Larger cities along it include Kerrville, New Braunfels, Seguin, Gonzales, Cuero, and Victoria. It has several dams along its length, the most notable of which, Canyon Dam, forms Canyon Lake northwest of New Braunfels.

The river, and the larger area around it known as Texas Hill Country, is prone to flash flooding. Its nickname is Flash Flood Alley.
James Beard Foundation Award: 2000s
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize culinary professionals in the United States. The awards recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists each year, and are generally scheduled around James Beard's May birthday.

The foundation also awards annually since 1998 the designation of America's Classic for local independently-owned restaurants that reflect the character of the community.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
History of cell membrane theory
Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer "sea". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today.

Cell physiology
Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive. The term physiology refers to normal functions in a living organism. Animal cells, plant cells and microorganism cells show similarities in their functions even though they vary in structure.
2005 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran 17 June 2005, with a second round run-off on 24 June. Mohammad Khatami, the outgoing president of Iran, stepped down on 2 August 2005, after serving his maximum two consecutive four-year terms according to the Islamic republic's constitution.

As no candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, a run-off was held between the top two candidates, former president (1989–1997) Akbar Rafsanjanī and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the hardline mayor of Tehran. Although Ahmadinejad had finished second in the first round of voting, he won the second round with 63% of the vote. Factors thought to have contributed to Ahmadinejad's victory include mobilization of mosque networks and conservative/hardline voters, and a protest vote against corrupt elite insiders and for "new political blood". He was a loyal supporter of conservative Supreme Leader Khamenei.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
German trawler V 103 Sylvia
V 103 Sylvia, later called Sperrbrecher 33, was a German steamship which was converted into a Vorpostenboot for the Kriegsmarine during World War II. Following the war, it became a part of the German Mine Sweeping Administration.

Vorpostenboot
Vorpostenboot (plural Vorpostenboote), also referred to as VP-Boats, flakships or outpost boats, were German patrol boats which served during both World Wars. They were used around coastal areas and in coastal operations, and were tasked with – among other things – coastal patrol, ship escort, and naval combat.
Robert McCawley Short
Robert McCawley Short (October 4, 1904 in Steilacoom, Washington - February 22, 1932, in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China) was an American aviator, United States Army Air Forces pilot, and Republic of China Air Force Academy instructor.

Suzhou Creek
Suzhou Creek (or Soochow Creek), also called the Wusong (Woosung) River, is a river that passes through the Shanghai city center. It is named after the neighboring city of Suzhou (Soochow), Jiangsu, the predominant settlement in this area prior to the rise of Shanghai as a metropolis.

One of the principal outlets of Lake Tai in Wujiang District of Suzhou, Suzhou Creek is 125 km (78 mi) long, of which 54 km are within the administrative region of Shanghai and 24 km within the city's highly urbanized parts. It flows into the Huangpu River at the northern end of the Bund in Huangpu District.
Wiconisco Township, Pennsylvania
Wiconisco Township is a township in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,167 in the 2020 census.
Wiconisco Township took its name from Wiconisco Creek, a west-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Dependency (UML)
In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a Dependency
is "a Relationship that signifies that a single model Element or a set of model Elements requires other model Elements for their specification or implementation."
"This means that the complete semantics of the client Element(s) are either semantically or structurally dependent on the definition of the supplier Element(s)."
Two or more elements in this relationship are called tuples.

In UML, this is indicated by a dashed line pointing from the dependent (or client) to the independent (or supplier) element. The arrow representing a Dependency specifies the direction of a relationship, not the direction of a process.

Element (UML)
In Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.5.1, an Element
is "a constituent of a model. As such, it has the capability of owning other Elements."

In UML 2.4.1, an element is an abstract class with no superclass.
It is used as the superclass or base class, as known by object-oriented programmers, for all the metaclasses in the UML infrastructure library. All other elements in the UML inherit, directly or indirectly from Element. An Element has a derived composition association to itself to support the general capability for elements to own other elements. As such, it has no additional attributes as part of its specification.
Priestly Code
The Priestly Code  (in Hebrew Torat Kohanim, תורת כהנים) is the name given, by academia, to the body of laws expressed in the Torah which do not form part of the Holiness Code, the Covenant Code, the Ritual Decalogue, the Ethical Decalogue or the Deuteronomic Code. The Priestly Code constitutes the majority of Leviticus, as well as some of the laws expressed in Numbers. The code forms a large portion, approximately one third, of the commandments of the Torah, and thus is a major source of Jewish law.

It is termed the Priestly Code due to its large concern with ritual and the Jewish priesthood, and also, in critical scholarship, it is defined as the whole of the law code believed to be present in the Priestly Source except for the Holiness Code. Under the documentary hypothesis, while some scholars believe that the Priestly Code was created to rival the Ethical Decalogue and Covenant Code, others believe was intended as only supplementary to the Holiness Code.

Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/ ⓘ YOM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-ər, YOHM-; Hebrew: יוֹם כִּפּוּר‎ Yōm Kippūr [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, corresponding to a date in late September or early October.

For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Some minor Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism, focus less on sins and more on one's goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.

Alongside the related holiday of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.
Rose of Viterbo
Rose of Viterbo, TOSF (Italian: Rosa da Viterbo; c. 1233 – 6 March 1251), was a young woman born in Viterbo, then a contested commune of the Papal States. She spent her brief life as a recluse, and was outspoken in her support of the papacy. Otherwise leading an unremarkable life, she later became known for her mystical gifts of prophecy and having miraculous powers. She is honoured as a saint by the Catholic Church.

Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (Latin: Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the Roman Curia by Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome in 1250 after the death of the Emperor Frederick II.

On 15 May 1252 he promulgated the bull  Ad extirpanda  authorizing torture against heretics, equated with ordinary criminals.
Gaviiformes
Gaviiformes (/ˈɡævi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/) is an order of aquatic birds containing the loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives. Modern gaviiformes are found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa), though prehistoric species were more widespread.

Hesperornithes
Hesperornithes is an extinct and highly specialized group of aquatic avialans closely related to the ancestors of modern birds. They inhabited both marine and freshwater habitats in the Northern Hemisphere, and include genera such as Hesperornis, Baptornis, Parahesperornis, Enaliornis, and Potamornis, all strong-swimming, predatory divers. Many of the species most specialized for swimming were completely flightless. The largest known hesperornithean, Canadaga arctica, may have reached a maximum adult length of 2.2 metres (7.2 ft).

Hesperornitheans were the only Mesozoic avialans known to colonize the oceans. They were wiped out in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, along with enantiornitheans and all other non-avian dinosaurs.
Dynomak
Dynomak is a spheromak fusion reactor concept developed by the University of Washington using U.S. Department of Energy funding.

A dynomak is a spheromak that is started and maintained by magnetic flux injection. It is formed when an alternating current is used to induce a magnetic flux into plasma. An electric alternating current transformer uses the same induction process to create a secondary current. Once formed, the plasma inside a dynomak relaxes into its lowest energy state, while conserving overall flux. This is termed a Taylor state and inside the machine what is formed is a plasma structure named a spheromak. A dynomak is a kind of spheromak that is started and driven by externally induced magnetic fields.

John Bryan Taylor
John Bryan Taylor (born 26 December 1928) is a British physicist known for his contributions to plasma physics and their application in the field of fusion energy. Notable among these is the development of the "Taylor state", describing a minimum-energy configuration that conserves magnetic helicity. Another development was his work on the ballooning transformation, which describes the motion of plasma in toroidal (donut) configurations, which are used in the fusion field. Taylor has also made contributions to the theory of the Earth's Dynamo, including the Taylor constraint.
Al-Hadi
Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn al-Mahdī al-Hādī (Arabic: أبو محمد موسى بن المهدي الهادي; 26 April 764 CE  – 14 September 786 CE) better known by his laqab al-Hādī (الهادي‎) was the fourth Abbasid caliph who succeeded his father al-Mahdi and ruled from 169 AH (785 CE) until his death in 170 AH (786 CE). His short reign ended with internal chaos and power struggles with his mother.

Idris I of Morocco
Idris (I) ibn Abd Allah (Arabic: إدريس بن عبد الله, romanized: Idrīs ibn ʿAbd Allāh; d. 791), also known as Idris the Elder (إدريس الأكبر, Idrīs al-Akbar), was a Hasanid and the founder of the Idrisid dynasty in part of northern Morocco, after fleeing the Hejaz as a result of the Battle of Fakhkh. He ruled from 788 to 791. He is credited with founding the dynasty that established Moroccan statehood, and is regarded as the founding father of Morocco.
Tenka Stefanović
Stefan Stefanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Стефановић; 1797–1865), known as Tenka (Тенка), was a Serbian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Serbia. Stefanović was a leader of pro-Obrenović group that conspired against Prince Alexander Karađorđević. As a result, in 1840, Tenka Stefanović was forced to join a group of Constitutionalists (Toma Vučić-Perišić, Avram Petronijević, Milutin Garašanin and his two sons Luka and Ilija Garašanin, Stojan Simić, Matija Nenadović, Lazar Teodorović) who were sent in exile to Constantinople.

Milutin Savić
Hadži Milutin Savić Garašanin (Serbian Cyrillic: Милутин Савић Гарашанин; 1762–1842) was a Serbian revolutionary, obor-knez of Jasenica, and member of the National Council under Miloš Obrenović. He is the father of Ilija Garašanin and grandfather of Milutin Garašanin (1845-1898), one of the founders and leaders of Serbian Progressive Party.
Morty Meekle
Morty Meekle is an American syndicated newspaper comic strip that was published between 1956 and 1966, created and produced by cartoonist Dick Cavalli. The series featured the title character dealing with office and dating situations, and, like Fritzi Ritz, which became Nancy after sixteen years, evolved to focus on the younger characters from Cavalli's strip, and was renamed  Morty Meekle and Winthrop and then just Winthrop on February 27, 1966.

Fritzi Ritz
Fritzi Ritz is an American comic strip created in 1922 by Larry Whittington. In 1925, the strip was taken over by Ernie Bushmiller and, in 1938, the daily strip evolved into the popular Nancy.  The Sunday edition of the strip, begun by Bushmiller in 1929, continued until 1967.