hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Captain of the ship doctrine
Captain of the ship doctrine is the legal doctrine which holds that, during an operation in an operating room, a surgeon of record is liable for all actions conducted in the course of the operation. The doctrine is a form of the "borrowed servant doctrine", in which a party usually liable for his, her, its, or their actions is absolved of responsibility when that "borrowed servant" is asked to do something that is outside of the bounds of policy.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
Jalchatra Bazaar, Bangladesh
Jalchatra Bazaar (Bengali: জলছত্র বাজার) is a market of Arankhola Union, Madhupur Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. It is situated 56 km northeast of Tangail and 44 km southwest of Mymensingh deep in the Madhupur Jungle.

Jalchatra Bazaar is widely popular for its banana and pineapple market. Madhupur tract is very fertile for banana and pineapple production. About 80 percent of pineapples of Bangladesh are produced in Madhupur Upazila. These pineapples and bananas are all resembled in Jalchatra by the distributors to sell the fruits to the buyers from all over Bangladesh.

Arankhola Union
Arankhola Union (Bengali: আরণখোলা ইউনিয়ন) is a union of Madhupur Upazila, Tangail District, Bangladesh. It is situated  15 km northeast of Madhupur and 65 km northeast of Tangail in the middle of the Madhupur tract.
Jón Magnússon (politician)
Jón Magnússon (16 January 1859 – 23 June 1926) was an Icelandic politician, and was prime minister of Iceland on two occasions. He served his first term, as a member of the Home Rule Party (Heimastjórnarflokkurinn), from 4 January 1917 to 7 March 1922. He served his second term, as a member of the Conservative Party (Íhaldsflokkurinn, a forerunner of the Independence Party), from 22 March 1924 to 23 June 1926. He served as speaker of the Althing from 1913 to 1914.

Prime Minister of Iceland
The prime minister of Iceland (Icelandic: Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is head of government of the country of Iceland. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.
1981 Lynda Carter Maybelline Classic
The 1981 Lynda Carter Maybelline Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Deer Creek Racquet Club in Deerfield Beach, Florida in the United States that was part of the Toyota Series of the 1981 Avon Championships World Championship Series. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from October 12 through October 18, 1981. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won her second consecutive singles title at the event and earned $22,000 first-prize money.

1981 WTA Tour
The 1981 World Championship Series was the 9th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced on January 4, 1981, and concluded on December 19, 1981, after 36 events. The  World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The year is divided into two sponsors with the first three months sponsored by Avon Series and the latter part by Toyota Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Muscle Milk Pickett Racing
Muscle Milk Pickett Racing (formerly known as Muscle Milk Motorsports and Muscle Milk Team Cytosport) was a motorsports group from Indianapolis, Indiana. The team was founded in 2007 by CytoSport co-founder and former IMSA GT Championship driver Greg Pickett. Since 2007, Pickett's team has competed in the United SportsCar Championship, the American Le Mans Series, the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge. The team officially closed in 2014.

Oreca 03
The Oreca 03 is a Le Mans Prototype built by Oreca in 2011. It is built within the revised 2011 ACO regulations for the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The car made its début at the 12 Hours of Sebring run by Signatech Nissan and set to race at the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans. It is the third car that Oreca has produced after the 01 and FLM09. 24 Oreca 03 were built.
Pride flag
A pride flag is any flag that represents a segment or part of the LGBTQ community. Pride in this case refers to the notion of LGBTQ pride. The terms LGBTQ flag and queer flag are also often used interchangeably.

The rainbow flag, which represents the entire LGBTQ community, is the most widely used pride flag. Pride flags can represent various sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes. Some pride flags, however, are not exclusively related to LGBTQ communities, such as the flag for leather subculture.

Numerous communities have embraced distinct flags, with a majority drawing inspiration from the rainbow flag. These flags are often created by amateur designers and later gain traction online or within affiliated organizations, ultimately attaining a semi-official status as a symbolic representation of the community. Typically, these flags incorporate a range of colors that symbolize different aspects of the associated communities.

Aromantic asexual
Aromantic asexual, colloquially shortened aroace or aro-ace, is a romantic and sexual orientation characterized by experiencing little to no romantic and sexual attraction. The name comes from combining the two attraction minorities, aromanticism and asexuality, specifically the shortened versions of their names: "aro" for aromantic and "ace" for asexual, and forming a combined term using the split attraction model.

A 2020 study found that 26% of asexual people also identify as aromantic.

The aro-ace flag consists of five horizontal bars, including two shades of blue, white, yellow, and orange. Tumblr user aroaesflags designed the flag, stating that the two shades of blue represent "the aroace identity as well as the spectrum of aroace identities and experiences." White represents wholeness, yellow represents love and relationships that exist outside of more conventional ideas of romantic and sexual relationships, and orange represents community.
Archeosolenocera
Archeosolenocera straeleni is an extinct species of prawn, the only species in the genus Archeosolenocera. It lived in the Callovian, and has been found in the Lagerstätte at La Voulte-sur-Rhône, southern France.

Dendrobranchiata
Dendrobranchiata is a suborder of decapods, commonly known as prawns (though this may be ambiguous). There are 540 extant species in seven families, and a fossil record extending back to the Devonian. They differ from related animals, such as Caridea and Stenopodidea, by the branching form of the gills (hence their scientific name Dendrobrachiata) and by the fact that they do not brood their eggs, but release them directly into the water. They may reach a length of over 330 millimetres (13 in) and a mass of 450 grams (1.0 lb), and are widely fished and farmed for human consumption.
David Hofstra
David Carl "Dave" Hofstra (born May 21, 1953, Leavenworth, Kansas) is an American jazz double-bassist. He also plays bass guitar and tuba.

Hofstra was an autodidact on bass. He worked with Robin Holcomb, John Zorn, Joel Forrester, and Dave Sewelson in the late 1970s. In 1980 and 1981, he was a founding member of The Waitresses, a new wave band based in Akron, Ohio, and played on their 1982 studio album, Wasn't Tomorrow Wonderful?. He was active primarily in New York from the 1980s, playing with William Parker, Lou Grassi, Denis Charles, Elliott Sharp, Paul Shapiro, Bobby Previte, Wayne Horvitz, Saheb Sarbib, Bobby Radcliff, Jemeel Moondoc, Marie McAuliffe, Bill Frisell, Robin Eubanks, Greg Osby, David Rosenbloom, Phillip Johnston, Chris Kelsey, Rachelle Garniez, Clare Daly, William Gagliardi, and Robin Holcomb. He is also a founding member of The Microscopic Septet, and has played on every one of their eight albums.

Joel Forrester
Joel Forrester (born May 2, 1946) is an American jazz composer and pianist. He composed the theme song to NPR's Fresh Air, performed by The Microscopic Septet which Forrester founded in 1980 and led with saxophonist Phillip Johnston. A documentary film about Joel Forrester was made in 2014 entitled Embracing Dissonance: A Life in Bebop.  The one-hour and five-minute documentary is an exploration of his diverse musical talents and influences. Forrester recounts previously unknown aspects of the life of Thelonious Monk and the Jazz Baroness, Pannonica Rothschild. The film also explores bebop's origins in the Harlem jazz club Minton's, Forrester's work as a composer of African American church music, as an improv accompanist for silent movies, and as a teacher of jazz musical forms. Forrester's story plays out like a jazz tune: a strong theme runs through a series of improvisational changes, solo riffs, and ensemble resolutions to weave the fabric of a bebop life.
1970 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1970 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 80th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures was made on 7 April 1970. The competition ran from 3 May to 4 October 1970.

Roscrea were the defending champions.

The final was played on 4 October 1970 at Thurles Sportsfield, between Roscrea and Thurles Sarsfields, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in two years. Roscrea won the match by 3–11 to 2–12 to claim their third championship title overall and a third title in succession.

1887 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board.

Thurles won the championship after a 0–03 to 0–00 defeat of North Tipperary in the final. It was their first ever championship title.
Iowa District Courts
Iowa District Courts are the state trial courts of general jurisdiction in the U.S. state of Iowa.

They have original jurisdiction in civil cases with any amount in controversy; felony criminal cases, domestic relations, family law, and cases involving minors cases (including adoption, dependency, juvenile delinquency, and  probate cases).

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
Abdul Ahad (music director)
Abdul Ahad (18 January 1918 – 14 May 1996) was a Bangladeshi composer, music director and singer. He was the recipient of Independence Day Award in 1978. The Government of Pakistan awarded him Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 1962 and Sitara-i-Imtiaz in 1969 for his contribution to music.

Tamgha-e-Imtiaz
Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Urdu: تمغۂِ امتیاز, lit. 'Medal of Excellence'), also spelled as Tamgha-i-Imtiaz, is a state-bestowed honour of Pakistan. It is given to any civilian in Pakistan based on their achievements. While it is a civilian/military award, it can be bestowed upon officers of the Pakistan Armed Forces and worn on their uniform. It can also be awarded to foreign citizens who have performed great service to Pakistan.
Golubok
Golubok or Holubok (Ukrainian: Голубок) is a Ukrainian variety of black grape used to make red wines, most notably grown in Ukraine and southern Russia. It is also cultivated in other parts of Europe and the United States.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and  British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

This grape variety appeared in France in the 17th century as a result of natural crossbreeding. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticulture hazards.

The classic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. In cool areas, it has flavors of blackcurrant and green pepper; in warmer places, it may taste like black cherry and olive; in very hot climates, it can have a jammy flavor.
Knuckle pads
Knuckle pads, also known as heloderma, meaning similar to the skin of the Gila monster lizard for which it is named, are circumscribed, keratotic, fibrous growths over the dorsa of the interphalangeal joints. They are described as well-defined, round, plaque-like, fibrous thickening that may develop at any age, and grow to be 10 to 15mm in diameter in the course of a few weeks or months, then go away over time.

Knuckle pads are sometimes associated with Dupuytren's contracture and camptodactyly,: 595  and histologically, the lesions are fibromas.: 595  Knuckle pads are generally non-responsive to treatment, including corticosteroids, and tend to recur after surgery; however, there has been some effectiveness with intralesional fluorouracil.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Marshal's star
The Marshal's Star (Russian: маршальская звезда, romanized: marshalskaya zvezda) is an additional badge of rank worn by marshals of the armed forces of the Soviet Union, and subsequently the Russian Federation.

Marshal of the branch
Marshal of the branch (or "marshal of the branch of service"; Russian: Ма́ршал ро́да во́йск, romanized: Marshal roda voysk) was from 1943 to 1974 the designation to a separate rank class in the general officer's rank group of the former Soviet Union's armed forces.

However, at that time, marshal of the branch was also the lowest marshal-rank of the Red Army, and later of the Soviet Army. Marshal of the branch was nominally the equivalent rank level to army general. However, general officers on that particular rank were not authorised, competent and mandated to be appointed to, or to act on the position of commander in chief of a big formation or command.
SS Monarch (1884)
SS Monarch  No. 90117 was a tramp steamer which was operated by Alexander King Ltd, Belfast. She was involved in a collision with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company steamer RMS Peveril, off Douglas, Isle of Man  in the early hours of 17 September 1899, resulting in the sinking of the Peveril.

Port and starboard
Port and starboard are nautical terms for watercraft and spacecraft, referring respectively to the left and right sides of the vessel, when aboard and facing the bow (front).

Vessels with bilateral symmetry have left and right halves which are mirror images of each other. One asymmetric feature is where access to a boat, ship, or aircraft is at the side; it is usually only on the port side (hence the name).
Virtual breakdown mechanism
The Virtual breakdown mechanism is a concept in the field of electrochemistry. In electrochemical reactions, when the cathode and the anode are close enough to each other (i.e., so-called "nanogap electrochemical cells"), the double layer of the regions from the two electrodes is overlapped, forming a large electric field uniformly distributed inside the entire electrode gap. Such high electric fields can significantly enhance the ion migration inside bulk solutions and thus increase the entire reaction rate, akin to the "breakdown" of the reactant(s). However, it is fundamentally different from the traditional "breakdown".

The Virtual breakdown mechanism was discovered in 2017 when researchers studied pure water electrolysis based on deep-sub-Debye-length nanogap electrochemical cells. Furthermore, researchers found the relation of the gap distance between cathodes and anodes to the performance of electrochemical reactions.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Roy Abbott
Roy Kitto Abbott (30 August 1927 – 19 March 2004) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Spence from 1975 to 1989 for the Labor Party.

He was Minister of Community Welfare in the Corcoran government in 1979, and Minister of Transport (1982–1985), Minister of Marine (1982–1988), and Minister of Forests, Minister of Lands and Minister of Repatriation (1985–1988) in the Bannon government.

John Bannon
John Charles Bannon AO (7 May 1943 – 13 December 2015) was an Australian politician and academic. He was the 39th Premier of South Australia, leading the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party from a single term in opposition back to government at the 1982 election.

At the 1985 election Bannon's government was re-elected with an increased majority, but it was reduced to minority government status at the 1989 election. In 1992 Bannon became Labor's longest-serving and South Australia's second longest-serving Premier. As a result of the State Bank collapse, he resigned as Premier in 1992, and from parliament at the  1993 election landslide. He was also an academic and the Head of St Mark's College.
1966–67 Yugoslav Cup
The 1966–67 Yugoslav Cup was the 20th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito's Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.

According to official statistics, 2,335 teams entered a series of lower-level qualifiers to reach the tournament proper, which was played from late February to late May 1967, as single-legged ties.

The final was reached by top level teams Hajduk Split and Sarajevo. For Hajduk, this was their fourth final, having lost their previous three (1953, 1955, 1963). For Sarajevo this was their first ever cup final, and a chance to complete the domestic double, as they won the 1966–67 Federal League a month later.

1953 Yugoslav Cup
The 1953 Yugoslav Cup was the 7th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.
2024 Open de Oeiras II
The 2024 Open de Oeiras II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oeiras, Portugal between 13 and 18 May 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Rubén Baraja
Rubén Baraja Vegas (Spanish pronunciation: [ruˈβem baˈɾaxa]; born 11 July 1975) is a Spanish retired footballer, currently a manager.

A complete central midfielder with good tackling, technique, and offensive qualities, together with accurate passing and goalscoring ability, he played mostly for Valencia during a 17-year professional career, being an essential figure in five of the club's major titles, which included two La Liga championships.

Baraja was also a consistent part of the Spain national team for five years, appearing in one World Cup and one European Championship and winning 43 caps. He began work as a head coach in 2015 and was hired by Valencia eight years later.

2003–04 UEFA Cup
The 2003–04 UEFA Cup was won by Valencia in the final against Marseille. It wrapped up a league and UEFA Cup double for Valencia.

Porto could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League and also went on to win the final for their second European Cup title.
Hasland
Hasland is a suburb of Chesterfield in the Borough of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, England. Hasland is located south of Spital, east of Birdholme and north of Grassmoor. Hasland ward had a population of 6,615 on the 2011 Census. Despite the name, most of Hasland is not included in the parish  of Grassmoor, Hasland and Winsick, in North East Derbyshire, which lies to the south of the suburb.

Spital, Derbyshire
Spital is a suburb of the town of Chesterfield in the Borough of Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. It is situated towards the east of Chesterfield town centre. The main road here is Spital Lane. With new estates being built, businesses include the Co-op, formerly the Spital Pub and Willbond(formally, Spital Tile Co.). Spital also has 2 parks one located at the top of Valley Road the other is along Spital Lane heading towards Calow Lane. Spital also has a cemetery. The Cemetery being one of the oldest walled garden cemeteries in Derbyshire.
Ancient Roman cuisine
The cuisine of ancient Rome changed a lot over the duration of the civilization's existence. Dietary habits were affected by the political changes from kingdom to republic to empire, and Roman trading with foreigners along with the empire's enormous expansion exposed Romans to many new foods, provincial culinary habits and cooking methods.

In the beginning, dietary differences between Roman social classes were not great, but disparities developed with the empire's growth.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.