hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gol Koochik
Gol Koochik (گل‌کوچیک in Persian spoken language, translates as "small goal" or small net) is a variation of street football that has been popular in Iran. The goal is approximately 100 x 60 cm in size and the ball is light-weight which can look like a makeshift ball. Given the limited space and the high density of player in the small-sized field, supreme dribbling skills are required for success in the game and players behoove to learn to maneuver the ball more quickly than normal football fields.

Pursuant to the effects of the Information Age, street football in general and Gol Koochik in particular have suffered from a weakened popularity over the past few years.

Street football (association football)
Street football or street soccer is an informal variation on the game of association football, typically played in outdoor urban settings such as streets, playgrounds and car parks. The term encompasses a variety of different formats, which do not necessarily follow the requirements of a formal game of football, such as a large field, field markings, goal apparatus and corner flags, eleven players per team, or match officials (referee and assistant referees). Often street football is played as a pick-up game, without fixed timing and with players joining and leaving at any point. Many renowned footballers stated that they learned to play football on the street, including the likes of Diego Maradona, Johan Cruyff, Pelé, Giuseppe Meazza, Éamon Dunphy, Eusebio, Dejan Savićević, and Cristiano Ronaldo, among others.
Smokey & Miho
Smokey & Miho was a musical group named after lead vocalists Miho Hatori and Smokey Hormel.  Hatori collaborated with Hormel after leaving the group Cibo Matto. The group released two EPs and later released a compilation album, The Two EPs, which was composed of the two previously released EPs.

Cibo Matto
Cibo Matto (pronounced [ˈtʃiːbo ˈmatto]; Italian for 'crazy food') was an American alternative rock band formed by Yuka Honda and Miho Hatori in New York City in 1994. Their first album, Viva! La Woman (1996), had lyrics primarily concerned with food. For their second album, Stereo Type A (1999), they expanded into broader subject matter and recruited Sean Lennon, Timo Ellis, and Duma Love.

Honda and Hatori are Japanese expatriates. Their first album sold 40,000 copies in Japan, but was more successful in the U.S., with over 74,000 copies sold. Over time, their following in Japan grew, which resulted in their signing to Japanese record label Commmons in 2014.

After an almost decade-long hiatus, Honda and Hatori reunited in 2011, playing a series of concerts and recording new material. They released their third and final studio album, Hotel Valentine, in 2014. It reached number 168 on the Billboard 200. Cibo Matto announced their split in December 2017.
Balla (Pieria)
Balla (Ancient Greek: Βάλλα) or Valla (Οὐάλλαι) was a town of ancient Macedonia, on the Haliacmon river, south of Phylace, placed in Pieria by Ptolemy and Pliny, the inhabitants of which were removed to Pythium. As Pythium was in Perrhaebia, at the southwestern foot of the Pierian mountains, 19th century archaeologist William Martin Leake placed Balla in the mountainous part of Pieria, and supposed that Velventos may have derived its name from it. In that case it would be a different place from the "Bala" of the Peutinger Table, which stood about midway between Dium and Berrhoea.

Léon Heuzey misidentified the city of Aegae as Balla in the 1860s, a view that prevailed until 1976. Modern scholars treat its site as unlocated. One suggested location for the city is at the village of Palaiogratsianon.

Dion, Pieria
Dion (Greek: Δίον; Ancient Greek: Δῖον; Latin: Dium) is a village and municipal unit in the municipality of Dion-Olympos in the Pieria regional unit, Greece. It is located at the foot of Mount Olympus at a distance of 17 km from the capital city of Katerini. The seat of the municipal unit was in Kondariotissa.

It is best known for its great ancient Macedonian sanctuary of Zeus and the ancient city, much of which is visible in the Archaeological Park of Dion and the Archaeological Museum of Dion.
Gongxi
Gongxi (simplified Chinese: 贡溪镇; traditional Chinese: 貢溪鎮; pinyin: Gòngxī Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 13,492 and an area of 69.8 square kilometres (26.9 sq mi). It is surrounded by Fuluo Town on the north, Pingdi Town on the west, Zhuxi Township on the east, and Tianzhu County on the south.

Fuluo
Fuluo (simplified Chinese: 扶罗镇; traditional Chinese: 扶羅鎮; pinyin: Fūluó Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2016 census it had a population of 32,116 and an area of 222 square kilometres (86 sq mi). It is surrounded by Yushi Town on the north, Liangsan Town on the west, Hetan Town and Zhongzhai Town on the east, and Gongxi Town on the south.
Chahta Tamaha, Indian Territory
Chahta Tamaha (Choctaw Town) served as the capital of the Choctaw Nation from 1863 to 1883 in Indian Territory. The town developed initially around the Armstrong Academy, which was operated by Protestant religious missionaries from 1844 to 1861 to serve Choctaw boys. After the capital was relocated to another town, this community declined.

The townsite is located in present-day Bryan County, Oklahoma. In the mid-19th century it had commercial presence. It included a trading post and church. Although the capital had moved, Armstrong Academy was reopened in 1883 to serve only orphaned boys. It was not rebuilt after being destroyed by fire in 1921. Today nothing is left of the town or the Academy. The Armstrong Academy Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Pushmataha District
Pushmataha District was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former Choctaw Nation in the Indian Territory.  Also called the Third District, it encompassed the southwestern one-third of the nation.

The Pushmataha District was named in honor of Pushmataha, a revered Choctaw warrior and statesman who was chief of Okla Hannali, the Six Towns District, one of the three historic, major clan divisions of the Choctaw in their historic territory of the Southeast.  The other two districts were the Apukshunnubbee District and Moshulatubbee District.
Tolman's rule
Tolman's rule states that, in certain chemical reactions, the steps involve exclusively intermediates of 18- and 16-electron configuration.  The rule is an extension of the 18-electron rule. This rule was proposed by American chemist Chadwick A. Tolman. However, there are exceptions to Tolman's rule, even for reactions that proceed via 2e− steps, because many reactions involve intermediates with fewer than 16 electrons.

Many examples of homogeneous catalysis involving organometallic complexes involve shuttling of complexes between 16- and 18-electron configurations. 16-electron complexes often form adducts with Lewis bases and, if low-valent, undergo oxidative addition.

CH3I + cis-[Rh(CO)2I2]− → [(CH3)Rh(CO)2I3]−

Conversely, complexes of 18 electron configuration tend to dissociate ligands or undergo reductive elimination:

Rh(PPh3)3ClH2 → Rh(PPh3)3Cl + H2

Oxidative addition
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry. Oxidative addition is a process that increases both the oxidation state and coordination number of a metal centre. Oxidative addition is often a step in catalytic cycles, in conjunction with its reverse reaction, reductive elimination.
2024 Arlington Renegades season
The 2024 Arlington Renegades season was the third season for the Arlington Renegades as a professional American football franchise and their first as part of the United Football League. The Renegades played their home games at the Choctaw Stadium and was led by head coach Bob Stoops.

Choctaw Stadium
Choctaw Stadium, formerly Globe Life Park, is a multi-purpose stadium in Arlington, Texas, United States. The venue opened in April 1994 as a baseball stadium with the name The Ballpark in Arlington, serving as the home for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball from 1994 through 2019. It replaced the nearby Arlington Stadium, and was succeeded by Globe Life Field.

In 2020, the stadium was retrofitted for football and soccer. It is the current home of the North Texas SC of MLS Next Pro (FC Dallas's reserve team), and the Arlington Renegades of the UFL.

On August 25, 2021, Choctaw Casinos & Resorts bought the naming rights to the stadium.
Forficula
Forficula is a genus of earwigs in the family Forficulidae; it was first described in 1758 by Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae. The name Forficula is Latin for earwig, formerly small pinchers. The genus spans all continents except Antarctica and is native to Afro-Eurasia, primarily Europe. The best known species is Forficula auricularia and is a common household pest.

Forficulidae
Forficulidae is a family of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There are more than 70 genera and more than 500 described species in Forficulidae.

Species in this family include Forficula auricularia (the European earwig or common earwig) and Apterygida media (the short-winged earwig or hop-garden earwig).

Forficulidae was formerly considered a suborder of Dermaptera, Forficulina, but was reduced in rank to family and placed in suborder Neodermaptera.
East Street Valley
East Street Valley was a neighborhood on Pittsburgh's North Side that stretched northward along the historic path of Butcher's Run, once home to residences, shops, industries, and civic and religious institutions. The neighborhood was demolished prior to the construction of Parkway North, causing the displacement of hundreds of residents over several decades.

North Side (Pittsburgh)
The North Side (sometimes written as Northside) is the region of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, located to the north of the Allegheny River and the Ohio River.

The North Side is made up of the following neighborhoods: Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Northview Heights, Perry North, Perry South, Spring Garden, Spring Hill–City View, Summer Hill, and Troy Hill.
2021 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2021 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Terrapins played their home games at Maryland Stadium in College Park, Maryland, and competed in the Big Ten Conference in the East Division. The team was coached by third-year head coach Mike Locksley and finished in fifth place in the East Division. The Terrapins defeated Virginia Tech in the Pinstripe Bowl to achieve their first bowl game since 2016, their first winning season since 2014, and their first bowl game victory since 2010.

SECU Stadium
SECU Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. It is the home of Maryland Terrapins football and men's lacrosse teams, which compete in the Big Ten Conference. The facility was formerly named Byrd Stadium after Harry "Curley" Byrd, a multi-sport athlete, football coach, and university president in the first half of the 20th century, and temporarily Maryland Stadium after objections to Byrd's naming due to his history of supporting segregation.
Leucospermum formosum
Leucospermum formosum is a large upright shrub of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high, from the family Proteaceae. It grows from a single trunk and its branches are greyish felty. The softly felty leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic, 6+1⁄2–10 cm (2.6–3.9 in) long and 14–20 mm (0.55–0.79 in) wide. The flower heads are flattened and about 15 cm (5.9 in) across, and consist of bright yellow flowers from which long, styles emerge which are strongly clockwise bent just below the white, later pink thickened tip. From above, the heads look like turning wheels. It is called silver-leaf wheel-pincushion in English. It flowers during September and October. It is an endemic species of the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.
Kerpen Castle (Eifel)
Kerpen Castle (German: Burg Kerpen) is a spur castle standing on a dolomite hill spur at a height of 500 m above sea level (NHN) above the Eifel village of Kerpen in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Kerpen, Rhineland-Palatinate
Kerpen (Eifel) (German pronunciation: [ˈkɛʁpn̩] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Antonio Huachaca
Antonio Huachaca was a Peruvian indigenous peasant and loyalist of the Spanish Empire who fought for Spain during the Viceregal era, and then for the Royalist cause during and after the Peruvian War of Independence, reaching the rank of brigadier general of the Royal Army of Peru. He later took part in establishing the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, eventually holding the title of "Justice of the Peace and Governor of Carhuaucran District" until the Confederation's dissolution in 1839.

After the defeat of Iquicha, Huachaca changed his name to José Antonio Navala Huachaca, with José having been chosen in reference to the name of Antonio José de Sucre and his surname Navala referring to the Peruvian Navy. Finally, after the defeat of his armies, he continued his guerrilla warfare until 1839.

Royalist (Spanish American independence)
The royalists were the people of Hispanic America (mostly from native and indigenous peoples) and Europeans that fought to preserve the integrity of the Spanish monarchy  during the Spanish American wars of independence.

In the early years of the conflict, when King Ferdinand VII was captive in France, royalists supported the authority in the Americas of the Supreme Central Junta of Spain and the Indies and the Cortes of Cádiz that ruled in the King's name during the Peninsular War. During the Trienio Liberal in 1820, after the restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814, the royalists were split between Absolutists, those that supported his insistence to rule under traditional law, and liberals, who sought to reinstate the reforms enacted by the Cortes of Cádiz.
Handscapes 2
Handscapes 2 is an album by The Piano Choir featuring Ron Burton, Stanley Cowell, Nat Jones, Hugh Lawson, Webster Lewis, Harold Mabern, and Sonelius Smith recorded in 1974 and first released on the Strata-East label.

Strata-East Records
Strata-East Records is an American record company and label specialising in jazz founded in 1971 by Charles Tolliver and Stanley Cowell with the release of their first recording Music Inc. The label released over 50 albums in the 1970s. Many of the label's releases are now hailed as prime examples of 1970s post-bop, spiritual jazz, and afro-jazz.

Gil Scott-Heron recorded his 1974 album Winter in America with Brian Jackson for Strata-East. "The Bottle" featured on the album, was a popular single. This album stands as one of the label's best-known recordings.

Clifford Jordan and Bill Lee, father of Spike Lee, were involved in many releases.
2010 in archosaur paleontology
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History of science portal

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The year 2010 in archosaur paleontology was eventful.  Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs,  extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago.  The year 2010 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2010, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2010.

2010 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.
1968 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1968 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit Mont-Tremblant in St. Jovite, Quebec, Canada on September 22, 1968. It was race 10 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 90-lap race was won by McLaren driver Denny Hulme after starting from sixth position. Hulme's teammate Bruce McLaren finished second and BRM driver Pedro Rodríguez came in third.

After the success of the 1967 Canadian Grand Prix, the event was given a place on the 1968 calendar, but was moved from Mosport Park to the Circuit Mont-Tremblant. Attention centred on the battle for the Drivers' Championship, with Graham Hill leading on 30 points, closely followed by Jacky Ickx on 27, Jackie Stewart on 26 and defending champion Denny Hulme on 24.

Canadian Tire Motorsport Park
Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport Park and Mosport International Raceway) is a multi-track motorsport venue located north of Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) east of Toronto. The facility features a 3.957 km (2.459 mi), 10-turn road course; a 2.9 km (1.8 mi) advance driver and race driver training facility with a 0.402 km (0.250 mi) skid pad (Driver Development Centre) and a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) kart track (Mosport Karting Centre Inc., previously "Mosport Kartways"). The name "Mosport", a portmanteau of Motor Sport, came from the enterprise formed to build the track.
TIMI
The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group, is an academic research organization (ARO) affiliated with Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School with a focus in the field of cardiovascular disease. The group has its headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts.

The TIMI Study Group was founded by physician Eugene Braunwald in 1984. Braunwald held the chairmanship until 2010, when he appointed Marc Sabatine to the position. Among the group's most important works is the TIMI Risk Score, which assesses the risk of death and ischemic events in patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Unstable angina
Unstable angina is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular or more easily provoked. It is classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome.

It can be difficult to distinguish unstable angina from non-ST elevation (non-Q wave) myocardial infarction. They differ primarily in whether the ischemia is severe enough to cause sufficient damage to the heart's muscular cells to release detectable quantities of a marker of injury, typically troponin T or troponin I. Unstable angina is considered to be present in patients with ischemic symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome and no change in troponin levels, with or without changes indicative of ischemia (e.g., ST segment depression or transient elevation or new T wave inversion) on electrocardiograms.
Trolleybuses in Dayton
The Dayton trolleybus system forms part of the public transportation network serving Dayton, Ohio, United States. Opened on April 23, 1933, it presently comprises five lines, and is operated by the Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority, with a fleet of 45 trolleybuses. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 1,594,100, or about 5,500 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

One of only five such systems still operating in the U.S. in the 2000s (and one of only four after the summer 2023 closure of the Boston system) and the only one in a city without a subway, light rail, or streetcar system, the Dayton trolleybus system is the current manifestation of an electric transit service that has been operated continuously in Dayton since 1888—longer than in any other city in the United States. By the 1970s, Dayton was already the smallest U.S. city still operating a trolleybus system.  For both of these reasons, the city's trolleybuses are locally considered an icon of Dayton.

Hybrid electric bus
A hybrid electric bus is a bus that combines a conventional internal combustion engine propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. These types of buses normally use a diesel–electric powertrain and are also known as hybrid diesel–electric buses.

The introduction of hybrid electric vehicles and other green vehicles for purposes of public transport forms a part of sustainable transport schemes.
Eastern Front (Turkey)
The Eastern Front  (Turkish: Şark Cephesi or Doğu Cephesi) was one of the fronts of the Army of the Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence. Its commanded all military units in Eastern Region. At first, its headquarters was located at Erzurum, and moved to Sarıkamış, then Kars during the Turkish invasion of Armenia (which itself is usually referred to synecdochically as the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence).

The Eastern Front has its foundations in remnants of the XV Corps of the Ottoman Army. It engaged in the Turkish invasions of Armenia and Georgia.

Sarıkamış
Sarıkamış or Sarikamish (Kurdish: Zerqamîş, Armenian: Սարիղամիշ, romanized: Sariġamiš) is a town in Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sarıkamış District. Its population is 15,260 (2022).

The town is perhaps best known for being the site of the Battle of Sarikamish, one of the major battles of the Caucasus front of World War I.
Ketamir-2
Ketamir-2, or simply Ketamir, also known as oral ketamine analogue or as 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-oxocyclopentan-1-amine, is an NMDA receptor antagonist closely related ketamine and other arylcyclohexylamines which is under development for the treatment of depressive disorders and other conditions such as neuropathic pain. It is the analogue of ketamine in which the 6-membered cyclohexane ring has been replaced with a 5-membered cyclopentane ring. Ketamir-2 is orally active.

NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.

Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, and ketobemidone.

Some NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used recreationally for their dissociative, hallucinogenic, and euphoriant properties. When used recreationally, they are classified as dissociative drugs.