hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Novardok Yeshiva
The Novardok Yeshiva was one of the largest and most important yeshiva in pre-World War II Europe, and a force within the Mussar movement. It was the first of hundreds of Mussar yeshivas which were all called Novardok yeshivas.

The yeshiva was established in Novogrudok, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire in 1896, together with a Kollel for married men, under the direction of Rabbi Yosef Yozel Horwitz, an alumnus of the Kovno Kollel and pupil of Rabbi Yisrael Salanter. He was known as the Alter fun Novardok, "the elder of Novardok" in Yiddish.

Novardok yeshivas were opened in major cities likr Kyiv, Kharkiv, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Zhytomyr, Berdychiv, Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), Saratov, Plogid, and Chernihiv. Influenced by the Alter, his students also created yeshivas in Kherson, Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Kamieniec-Podolski, Berdichev, Nikolaev, Bălţi, Odessa, Piotrków Trybunalski and other places.

Israel Salanter
Yisrael ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, also known as "Israel Salanter" or "Yisroel Salanter" (November 3, 1809 – February 2, 1883), was the father of the Musar movement in Orthodox Judaism and a famed Rosh yeshiva and Talmudist. The epithet Salanter was added to his name since most of his schooling took place in Salant (now the Lithuanian town of Salantai), where he came under the influence of Rabbi Yosef Zundel of Salant.  He was the father of mathematician Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin.
National Airlines Flight 16
National Airlines Flight 16 was a domestic (U.S.), scheduled passenger flight from Miami, Florida, to Lakeland, Florida, that crashed on October 5, 1945. The aircraft was on the last leg of a Miami-Fort Myers-Sarasota-St Petersburg-Tampa-Lakeland route. The cause of the crash was determined to be a faulty missed approach procedure, which caused the aircraft to overshoot the runway and land in Lake Parker approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) beyond. Two passengers drowned, and several others were injured.

Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
The Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar is an American passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era, developed as part of the Model 10 Electra family, specifically from the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra.
Milton Brink
Milton Kenneth "Milt, Curly" Brink (November 26, 1910 – October 31, 1999) was an American professional ice hockey center who played five games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1936–37 season. Brink spent most of his career, which lasted from 1931 to 1940, in the American Hockey Association. He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1999.

United States Hockey Hall of Fame
The United States Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1973 with the goal of preserving the history of ice hockey in the United States while recognizing the extraordinary contributions of select players, coaches, administrators, officials and teams. It is located in Eveleth, Minnesota, an iron mining town in northern Minnesota.
The Smurfs (1981 TV series)
The Smurfs (syndicated as Smurfs' Adventures) is  an animated fantasy-comedy children's television series that originally aired on NBC from September 12, 1981 to December 2, 1989. Produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, it is based on the Belgian comic series of the same name, created by Belgian cartoonist Peyo (who also served as story supervisor of this adaptation) and aired for 256 episodes with a total of 417 stories, excluding three cliffhangers and seven specials.

Dupuis
Éditions Dupuis S.A. (French: [dypɥi]) is a Belgian publisher of comic albums and magazines.

Based in Marcinelle near Charleroi, Dupuis is mostly famous for its comic albums and magazines. Initially a French language publisher, it now publishes numerous editions in both the French language and Dutch. Other language editions are mostly licensed to other publishers.
Ibrahim Sissoko (footballer, born 1991)
Ibrahim Sissoko (born 29 November 1991) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a winger. He represented the Ivory Coast U20s in the 2011 Toulon Tournament. He is the brother of former Malian player Mohamed Sissoko.

Mohamed Sissoko
Mohamed Lamine "Momo" Sissoko (born 22 January 1985) is a former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He represented France, the country of his birth, at various youth levels before switching his international allegiance to Mali.
Jenny Bhatt
Jenny Bhatt (born September 18, 1972) is an Indian American writer, literary translator, and literary critic. She is the author of an award-winning story collection, Each of Us Killers, an award-shortlisted literary translation, Ratno Dholi: The Best Stories of Dhumketu, and the literary translation, The Shehnai Virtuoso and Other Stories by Dhumketu. She is the founder of Desi Books, a global multimedia platform for South Asian literature. In 2025, she was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Translation Fellowship.

Dhumketu (writer)
Gaurishankar Govardhanram Joshi (1892–1965), better known by his pen name  Dhumketu, was an Indian Gujarati-language writer, who is considered one of the pioneers of the Gujarati short story. He published twenty-four collections of short stories, as well as thirty-two novels on social and historical subjects, and plays and travelogues. His writing is characterised by a dramatic style, romanticism and powerful depiction of human emotions.
Volcanic Seven Summits
The Volcanic Seven Summits are the highest volcanoes on each of the seven continents, just as the Seven Summits are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Two of the Volcanic Seven Summits are also on the Seven Summits list. Kilimanjaro and Mount Elbrus, which were formed volcanically, are the highest peaks of their respective continents.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Gusukuma Shūshin
Gusukuma Ueekata Shūshin (城間 親方 秀信; 1507 – 1585), also known by his Chinese style name Katsu Kashō (葛 可昌), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

In the summer of 1555, King Shō Sei became seriously ill. The king ordered three members of Sanshikan, Gusukuma Shūshin, Kunigami Keimei and Aragusuku Anki, to assist the Crown Prince Shō Gen. But Gusukuma and Kunigami broke their promises, they wanted to install Prince Shō Kanshin (尚 鑑心) instead of Shō Gen. Aragusuku stood in the audience hall with a naginata in his hand, and called on all ministers to comply with the will. Finally, Shō Gen became the new king successfully. Gusukuma and Kunigami were exiled to Iheya Island and Kume Island in 1559, respectively. They lost official position and peerage and were forbidden to come back to Shuri until their political opponent Aragusuku died 1567. He regained his peerage and was given Jana village (謝名) of Chatan magiri (北谷間切) as his new hereditary fief.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
1932 AAA Championships
The 1932 AAA Championships was the 1932 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 1 to 2 July 1932 at White City Stadium in London, England.

After 19 consecutive years at Stamford Bridge the championships were held at White City Stadium for the first time. The Championships consisted of 24 events and covered two days of competition.

A new event was introduced over 6 miles. The 4 miles event was reduced in distance to 3 miles and the marathon was held from Windsor to White City.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
12th century in literature
This article is a list of literary events and publications in the 12th century.

The 12th century in Western Europe saw an increase in the production of Latin texts and a proliferation of literate clerics from the multiplying cathedral schools. At the same time, vernacular literatures ranging from Provençal to Icelandic embodied in lyric and romance the values and worldview of an increasingly self-conscious and prosperous courtly aristocracy. These two trends contributed to a sweeping revival of letters with a lasting influence on the development of literature in the following centuries.

Lebor na hUidre
Lebor na hUidre (Middle Irish: [ˈl̠ʲeβoɾ n̪a ˈhuðʲɾʲe], LU) or the Book of the Dun Cow (MS 23 E 25) is an Irish vellum manuscript dating to the 12th century. It is the oldest extant manuscript in Irish. It is held in the Royal Irish Academy and is badly damaged: only 67 leaves remain and many of the texts are incomplete. It is named after an anachronistic legend that it was made from the hide of a dun cow by Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise.
Tannington
Tannington is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around ten miles south-east of Diss, in 2005 its population was 110. At the 2011 Census the population had fallen below 100, and not therefore being maintained on this site was included in the civil parish of Brundish.

Mid Suffolk
52°09′22″N 1°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.1560°N 1.0489°E﻿ / 52.1560; 1.0489

Mid Suffolk is a local government district in Suffolk, England. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just three towns, being Stowmarket, Needham Market and Eye. Its council was based in Needham Market until 2017 when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Babergh District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. In 2021 it had a population of 103,417.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Babergh, West Suffolk, Breckland and South Norfolk.
Oleg Skripochka
Oleg Ivanovich Skripochka (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Скри́почка; born 24 December 1969 in Nevinnomyssk, Stavropol Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian engineer and cosmonaut. In 2011 he was in space serving as an Expedition 25/26 crewmember.

On 12 April 2011, Skripochka was awarded the titles of Hero of the Russian Federation and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism in the implementation of long-duration space flight on the International Space Station.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.

Constituent departments of the State Council
The constituent departments of the State Council (Chinese: 国务院组成部门; pinyin: Guówùyuàn Zǔchéng Bùmén) are the principal units of State Council of the People's Republic of China. Types of departments include ministries (部; bù), commissions (委员会; wěiyuánhuì), the People's Bank of China, and the National Audit Office.

The current 14th State Council has 26 constituent departments: 21 ministries, three commissions, along with the People's Bank of China and the National Audit Office. It also has a General Office, one directly affiliated specialized institution, 14 directly affiliated institutions, one office, 7 directly affiliated public institutions, and 17 national bureaus managed by ministries and commissions of the State Council.
Wolfgang of Regensburg
Wolfgang of Regensburg (Latin: Wolfgangus; c. 934 – 31 October 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death. He is a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He is regarded as one of the three great German saints of the 10th century, the other two being Ulrich of Augsburg and Conrad of Constance. Towards the end of his life Wolfgang withdrew as a hermit to a solitary spot, in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria. Soon after Wolfgang's death many churches chose him as their patron saint, and various towns were named after him.

Einsiedeln Abbey
Einsiedeln Abbey (German: Kloster Einsiedeln) is a Catholic monastery administered by the Benedictine Order in the village of Einsiedeln, Switzerland.

The Abbey of Einsiedeln is one of the most important baroque monastic sites and the largest place of pilgrimage in Switzerland.

The Black Madonna of Einsiedeln in the Chapel of Grace attracts around 800,000 pilgrims and tourists every year. The community of Benedictine monks has around 40 members. The monastery is not under the jurisdiction of a diocese or a bishop because it is a territorial abbey.

The abbey operates a private high school along with a winery, sawmill, restaurant and other small businesses in order to support itself. One of the high school students, Ludwig von Flüe, later made a career in the Swiss Guards in France. He played a key role in the Storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution.
Forecasting Division of Western Norway
The Forecasting Division of Western Norway (Norwegian: Vêrvarslinga på Vestlandet) is a department of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute located in Bergen. It was established in 1918. It prepares weather forecasting for the area between Nord-Trøndelag and Lista, as well as the fishing grounds around The British Isles and Iceland.

Norwegian Meteorological Institute
The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (Norwegian: Meteorologisk institutt), also known internationally as MET Norway, is Norway's national meteorological institute. It provides weather forecasts for civilian and military uses and conducts research in meteorology, oceanography and climatology. It is headquartered in Oslo and has offices and stations in other cities and places. It has around 500 full-time staff and was founded in 1866.
Growing Up (memoir)
Growing Up is a 1982 memoir by author and journalist Russell Baker. It chronicles Baker's youth in Virginia, and Baltimore, and his mother's strength of character during the Great Depression. It won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
Conversion of Paul the Apostle
The conversion of Paul the Apostle (also the Pauline conversion, Damascene conversion, Damascus Christophany and Paul's transformation on the road to Damascus) was, according to the New Testament, an event in the life of Saul/Paul the Apostle that led him to cease persecuting early Christians and to become a follower of Jesus.

Acts 26
Acts 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the period of Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but Holman states that "uniform Christian tradition affirms that Luke wrote both" this book as well as the Gospel of Luke, as supported by Guthrie based on external evidence.
Panos Kammenos
Panagiotis "Panos" Kammenos (Greek: Παναγιώτης "Πάνος" Καμμένος, pronounced [panaˈʝotis ˈpanos kaˈmenos]; born 12 May 1965) is a Greek politician and the founder of the right-wing party Independent Greeks, which formed the governing coalition of the Hellenic Parliament with the Syriza Party after Kammenos met with Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, on 26 January 2015.

He was named Greece's Minister of National Defence on 27 January 2015. He served until 20 August 2015, when the Syriza-ANEL coalition resigned, and continued as a lame duck until 28 August, when he was succeeded by the interim Minister, Ioannis Giangos. He again became Minister of National Defence on 23 September 2015 when the Syriza-ANEL coalition was re-created following the election of 20 September 2015.

Ioannis Giangos
Air Chief Marshal Ioannis Giangos (Greek: Ιωάννης Γιάγκος; born 1951) is a retired Greek Air Force officer and a former Chief of the National Defense General Staff of Greece. He served as an interim Minister for National Defence in the Caretaker Cabinet of Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou.
Florebo quocumque ferar
Flōrēbō quōcumque ferar is a Latin phrase which can be translated in English as "I will flourish wherever I am brought", i.e. "I will flourish wherever I go".

During  the 17th and 18th century it was designated as the motto of the French East India Company by Louis XIV, and is written on its blazon.

The phrase is the motto of  Réunion island, a French overseas department and an outermost region of the European Union in the South West Indian Ocean. It is also on the blazon created by the former governor Emile Merwart during the colonial exhibition held in Petite-Île in 1925.

Florebo quocumque ferar is also the motto of the Vergriete family (the "House of Griete"), a family of Flemish nobles attached to the seigneury of Cassel. The family name, from the Dutch word for daisy has been associated with this motto since the 16th century.

Louis XIV's East India Company
Louis XIV's East India Company (French: Compagnie des Indes orientales) was a joint-stock company founded in the Kingdom of France in August 1664 to engage in trade in India and other Asian lands, complementing the French West India Company (French: Compagnie des Indes occidentales) created three months before. It was one of several successive enterprises with similar names, a sequence started with Henry IV's first French East Indies Company in 1604 and continued with Cardinal Richelieu's Compagnie d'Orient in 1642. Planned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert to compete with the English East India Company and Dutch East India Company,: 24  it was chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Louis XIV's company became insolvent and was reorganized in 1685, and was again bankrupt in 1706. In 1719, what remained of it was acquired by John Law's Company, which in 1723 became the French Indies Company active during much of the 18th century.
Racecourse Association Steeple Chase
The 1916 Grand National was cancelled because Aintree Racecourse was taken over by the War Office. However, a substitute race known as the Racecourse Association Steeple Chase was held at Gatwick Racecourse. The Gatwick races from 1916 to 1918 are not typically included in the true Grand National record books.

The race was won by Vermouth, ridden by jockey Jack Reardon and trained by James Bell.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
Paul Franken
Paul Franken (27 June 1894 – Autumn 1944) was a German Socialist politician.

Following Nazi seizure of power in January 1933, his party was banned and he fled. He lived in various countries before settling in the Soviet Union, where in 1936 he was briefly arrested. He was arrested again in 1937 in one of Stalin's political purges.   He was detained for the next seven years and is believed to have died in a labour camp in the northern part of European Russia during the autumn of 1944.

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of anti-war members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), from the left of the party as well as the centre and the right. The organization attempted to chart a course between electorally oriented reformism on the one hand and Bolshevik revolutionism on the other. After several splits and mergers, the last part of the organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).