hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ligneous conjunctivitis
Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic conjunctivitis characterized by recurrent, fibrin-rich pseudomembranous lesions of wood-like consistency that develop mainly on the underside of the eyelid (tarsal conjunctiva). It is generally a systemic disease which may involve the periodontal tissue, the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidneys, middle ear, and female genitalia. It can be sight-threatening, and death can occasionally occur from pulmonary involvement.

It has been speculated hola ligneous conjunctivitis may be a manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving the conjunctiva.

IgG4-related disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), formerly known as IgG4-related systemic disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, various degrees of fibrosis (scarring) and a usually prompt response to oral steroids. In approximately 51–70% of people with this disease, serum IgG4 concentrations are elevated during an acute phase.

It is a relapsing-remitting disease associated with a tendency to mass forming, tissue-destructive lesions in multiple sites, with a characteristic histopathological appearance in whichever site is involved. Inflammation and the deposition of connective tissue in affected anatomical sites can lead to organ dysfunction, organ failure, or even death if not treated.

Early detection is important to avoid organ damage and potentially serious complications. Treatment is recommended in all symptomatic cases of IgG4-RD and also in asymptomatic IgG4-RD involving certain anatomical sites.
30 BC
Year 30 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Octavian and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 724 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 30 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Caesarion
Ptolemy XV Caesar (/ˈtɒləmi/; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; 47 BC – late August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra VII from 44 BC to 30 BC. He nominally reigned as sole pharaoh for a few days after his mother's death, although Alexandria had already fallen and Caesarion remained in hiding until his execution by Octavian, who would become the first Roman emperor as "Augustus".

Caesarion was the eldest son of Cleopatra, and was the only known biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named. He was the last sovereign member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, ending more than 3000 years of traditional kingship.
Summary of Decameron tales
This article contains summaries and commentaries of the 100 stories within Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron.

Each story of the Decameron begins with a short heading explaining the plot of the story. The 1903 J. M. Rigg translation headings are used in many of these summaries. Commentary on the tale itself follows.

Before beginning the story-telling sessions, the ten young Florentines, seven women and three men, referred to as the Brigata, gather at the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella and together decide to escape the Black Death by leaving the city to stay in a villa in the countryside. Each agrees to tell one story each day for ten days. The stories are told in the garden of the first villa that the company stays at, which is located a few miles outside the city.

Il Novellino
Il Novellino, also known as Le cento novelle antiche ("One Hundred Ancient Tales"), is an anonymous medieval collection of short stories written in the Tuscan vernacular between 1280 and 1300. It was first published in 1525 by Carlo Gualteruzzi, a friend of Pietro Bembo.

The author of the collection is unknown; several details from the stories included in the collection suggest that he was a layperson from Florence and likely belonged to the Ghibelline faction.

Many of the stories contained in the work were used as inspiration for those found in Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron.
Ceelgula
Elgula (Somali: Ceelguula, Arabic: عيل جول) sometimes misspelled as (Colguula, Celgula) is a town in the South-central Mudug region of Somalia.It is located in Galmudug state and situated in Ceelgula District.

Mudug
Mudug (Somali: Mudug) is an administrative region (gobol) in north-central Somalia. Spread across an area of 72,933 km2 (28,160 sq mi), the northern section of Mudug is part of Puntland whilst the majority of Mudug is part of Galmudug State, both of which are autonomous states within the Federal Republic of Somalia. It features a rural economy based largely on pastoralist livelihoods and limited agriculture. The security environment is volatile due to inter-clan feuds and conflicting jurisdiction, which has resulted in humanitarian and governance challenges.
MTV Europe Music Award for Best Latin America North Act
The following is a list of winners and nominees for the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Latin America North Act. The category has been predominantly won by Mexican artists, also including special cases between 2017 and 2019, when Chilean-Mexican singer Mon Laferte received the award, and in 2018, when the Mexican-American duo Ha*Ash was honored with it.

MTV Video Music Award for International Viewer's Choice
MTV's International Viewer's Choice awards honored the best music videos as voted for by the audiences of MTV's channels around the world.  They were given out every year during the VMAs from 1989 to 2003.
JNR Class EF66
The Class EF66 (EF66形) is a six-axle, three-bogied (Bo′Bo′Bo′) DC electric locomotive designed for fast freight used by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later operated by its descendants JR West and JR Freight. As of 1 April 2016, 39 locomotives remained in service, all operated by JR Freight.

Bo-Bo-Bo
A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo′Bo′Bo′ (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B due to the system only taking powered axles into consideration, not traction axles.

The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three-axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow-gauge railways.
Omar Bazán Flores
Omar Bazán Flores (born 24 March 1976) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LVII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative replacing José Reyes Baeza Terrazas.

José Reyes Baeza Terrazas
José Reyes Baeza Terrazas (born 20 September 1961) is a Mexican politician and lawyer. In 2004, he was elected Governor of Chihuahua as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party for the term ending in 2010. Prior to that, he was Chair of Law at the University of Chihuahua in Chihuahua. He then served as mayor (Municipal President) of the city of Chihuahua from 1998 to 2001 and as a congressman in the federal Chamber of Deputies (Congress).
South Alabama Jaguars football
The South Alabama Jaguars football program, established in 2009, represents the University of South Alabama in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. South Alabama joined the FBS in 2012 as a member of the Sun Belt Conference (SBC).

Ladd–Peebles Stadium
Ladd–Peebles Stadium (formerly Ernest F. Ladd Memorial Stadium) is a football stadium located in Mobile, Alabama. Opened in 1948, it has a seating capacity of 33,471. It is primarily used for American football. In addition to football, the stadium is also used for concerts (maximum capacity 50,000), boxing matches, high school graduations, trade shows, and festivals. Numerous entertainers have performed at Ladd–Peebles Stadium. It is currently the home of Two HBCU Football Classics. The Gulf Coast Challenge between the Jackson State Tigers and Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Port City Classic between the Alabama State Hornets and Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils.
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine
The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine is a public medical school of Virginia Tech and located in Roanoke, Virginia. The medical school is associated with the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute. Formed as a public–private partnership with the Carilion Clinic, the medical school grants the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree to its graduates. Initially a private institution from 2008 to 2018, the medical school became an official college of Virginia Tech in 2018.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Lanthanocene
A lanthanocene is a type of metallocene compound that contains an element from the lanthanide series. The most common lanthanocene complexes contain two cyclopentadienyl anions and an X type ligand, usually hydride or alkyl ligand.

Hydrofunctionalization
A hydrofunctionalization reaction is the addition of hydrogen and another univalent fragment (X) across a carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom multiple bond.  Often, the term hydrofunctionalization without modifier refers specifically to the use of the covalent hydride (H-X) as the source of hydrogen and X for this transformation.  If other reagents are used to achieve the net addition of hydrogen and X across a multiple bond, the process may be referred to as a formal hydrofunctionalization.

For terminal olefins (or acetylenes), the regioselectivity of the process can be described as Markovnikov (addition of X at the substituted end) or anti-Markovnikov (addition of X at the unsubstituted end).  Catalysts are frequently employed to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of hydrofunctionalization reactions.
De-Excluded Area Rajanpur Tehsil
De-Excluded Area Rajanpur, also known as Rajanpur Tribal Area, is a tehsil located in Rajanpur District, Punjab, Pakistan. The population is 41,741 according to the 2023 census. 98.6% of tehsil's population is Balochi-speaking.

Rajanpur District
Rajanpur (Urdu: ضِلع راجن پُور) is a district of Dera Ghazi Khan Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab, with its administrative headquarters the city of Rajanpur. District of Rajanpur was formerly part of Dera Ghazi Khan District and was created on 1 July 1982. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the district had a population of 2,323,980 (2.3 million).
Iwami, Tottori
Iwami (岩美町, Iwami-chō) is a town located in Iwami District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2022, the town had an estimated population of 10,998 in 4429  households and a population density of 90 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 122.32 square kilometres (47.23 sq mi). Iwami lies entirely within the San'in Kaigan Geopark. Iwami is San'in Kaigan's biggest international beach resort.

San'in Main Line
The San'in Main Line (山陰本線, San'in-honsen) is a railway line in western Japan, which connects Kyoto and Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the major railway line of the San'in region, approximately paralleling the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane, and Yamaguchi prefectures. The main portion from Kyoto to Hatabu is the longest single continuous railway line in Japan at 673.8 km (418.7 mi), although no regularly scheduled train operates over the entire line.

The section between Kyoto and Sonobe, connecting Kyoto and its northern suburbs, is a part of JR West's Urban Network and is nicknamed the Sagano Line.
Rędocin
Rędocin [rɛnˈdɔt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bliżyn, within Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Bliżyn, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Skarżysko-Kamienna, and 33 km (21 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Bliżyn
Bliżyn [ˈbliʐɨn] ⓘ is a village in Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bliżyn. It lies on the Kamienna river and Bliżyn Reservoir, approximately 12 km (7 mi) west of Skarżysko-Kamienna and 27 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.
2005 European Dressage Championships
The 2005 FEI European Dressage Championships, was the 24th edition of the European Dressage Championship. It was held at Hof Kasselmann in Hagen, Germany, from 28 July to 31 July 2005. The 2005 European Dressage Championships was previously allocated to Moscow, Russia but due financial problems of the organizer they were not able to organise the Championships and had to withdraw two weeks before the start. Ulrich Kasselmann jumped in as last minute organizer of the European Championships and organised the show at the same date as Moscow was supposed to organise.

European Dressage Championships
The European Dressage Championships are the European championships for the equestrian discipline of dressage. They are held every two years in odd-numbered years. Gold, silver, and bronze medals are awarded in both individual and team competitions. There are also championships held for juniors, young riders, and ponies. Since 2015, the competition has shared a site and branding with vaulting, reining, jumping, and driving events. For sponsorship reasons, eventing is not included, as it is part of the FEI European Championships, echoing the combined World Equestrian Games concept. The first official combined event took place in Aachen in 2015.
Belmonte Castello
Belmonte Castello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Rome and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Frosinone.

Belmonte Castello borders the following municipalities: Atina, Sant'Elia Fiumerapido, Terelle, Villa Latina.

Atina, Lazio
Atina is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, Lazio region of central Italy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The economy is mostly based on agriculture (olive oil, wine – including Cabernet – and beans).
Ángela Leyva
María Ángela Leyva Tagle (born November 22, 1996) is a Peruvian volleyball player who plays for the Peru national team. At the age of 14 she had already been in all categories of Peru's national team, Child (U16), Youth (U18), Junior (U20) and Senior.

Leyva was captain of the team that won gold at the 2012 Youth South American Championship, the first gold medal for Peruvian volleyball in that category after 32 years and the first gold in any category in 19 years.

2014–15 Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol Femenino
The 2014–15 Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol Femenino (Spanish for: 2014-15 Women's Senior National Volleyball League) or 2014-15 LNSVF was the 45th official season of the Peruvian Volleyball League. The defending champion, Universidad San Martín, reclaimed the league title championship defeating Géminis in the finals.
2007 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification
The 2007 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification or GP Challenge was a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the 3 riders that would qualify for the 2007 Speedway Grand Prix to join the other 9 riders that finished in the leading positions from the 2006 Speedway Grand Prix and 4 seeded riders.

The qualifying returned following a one years absence.

Wiesław Jaguś won the GP Challenge.

2007 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2007 Speedway Grand Prix was the 62nd edition of the official World Championship and the 13th season in the Speedway Grand Prix era used to determine the Speedway World Champion. It was the first under the promotion of IMG, who had purchased series organisers Benfield Sports International (BSI).
Quatt
Quatt is a small village in Shropshire, England in the Severn Valley. The civil parish, formally known as Quatt Malvern, has a population of 219 according to the 2001 census, reducing to 200 at the 2011 census.

It lies on the A442 south of Bridgnorth.

There are places to visit like the Quatt Village Hall and activities to take part in, from the local Cricket Club to Bell Ringing. In 2017, Quatt Village Hall won the 'Most Welcoming Village Hall award'.

Dudmaston Hall is located in the parish.

Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England,  named after a bridge over the River Severn. The river divides the town into High Town and Low Town, the upper town on its right bank and the lower on its left bank. The population at the 2011 Census was 12,079.
Nanobagrus armatus
Nanobagrus armatus is a species of bagrid catfish found in the Mahakam and Kapuas River basins of Borneo.

This species grows to a length of 3.2 cm and has a brown body with numerous cream-colored spots and 2 relatively large and irregular cream-colored patches on the sides of the body.

Bagridae
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (Bagrus) and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes.

Many large bagrids are important as a source of food. Some species are also kept as aquarium fishes.
San Martín metro station
San Martín is a Lima and Callao Metro station on Line 1. The station is located between San Carlos and Santa Rosa. It was opened on 3 January 2012 as part of the extension of the line from Miguel Grau to Bayóvar.

Miguel Grau metro station
Miguel Grau is a Lima and Callao Metro station on Line 1. The station is located between Gamarra and El Ángel. It was opened on 11 July 2011 as part of the extension of the line from Atocongo to Miguel Grau. The full revenue service started on 3 January 2012. On 25 July 2014 the line was extended to Bayóvar.
Rabenstein Castle (Upper Franconia)
Rabenstein Castle (German: Burg Rabenstein) is a former high medieval aristocratic castle in the municipality of Ahorntal in the Upper Franconian county of Bayreuth in the German state of Bavaria.

The spur castle may be visited for an entrance fee.

Ahorntal
Ahorntal is a municipality in the district of Bayreuth in the state (Bundesland) of Bavaria in Germany.

Ahorntal is known for its generally temperate weather. The town focuses on environmental conservation. Tourism provides revenue for the local economy.
Alexandr Shabliy
Alexandr Shabliy (born April 18, 1993) is a Russian mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division of the Professional Fighters League. As of February 12, 2026, he is #5 in the PFL lightweight rankings.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
2028 Republican National Convention
The 2028 Republican National Convention is an event in which delegates of the United States Republican Party will select the party's nominees for president and vice president in the 2028 United States presidential election. It is scheduled to be held at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas.

Following the victory of Donald Trump in the 2024 United States presidential election, the Republican Party is controlling the White House from 2025 to 2029, and therefore, the Republican National Convention will be expected to be held sometime after the Democratic National Convention due to the modern convention of the incumbent presidential party holding its convention later than the opposition party's convention.

2028 United States presidential election
Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in the United States on November 7, 2028, to elect the president and vice president for a term of four years. In the 2024 elections, then-former president Donald Trump won a non-consecutive second term. The Republican Party retained its majority in the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate. Trump is ineligible for a third term, as the term limits imposed by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit presidents from being elected more than twice. This will be the first presidential election since 2012 where Trump will not be the Republican nominee.
Test Valley School
Danebury School (previously Test Valley School) is a comprehensive secondary school located in Stockbridge, Hampshire, England. Due to its rural location, it has a wide catchment area, with significant numbers of students travelling from Andover, Wherwell, Romsey, The Wallops and other small villages near to Stockbridge.

The school is a member of the HISP Multi-Academy Trust, having joined on the 1st February 2024. The school was renamed to Danebury School upon joining the trust.

Stockbridge, Hampshire
Stockbridge is a town and civil parish in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. It had a population of 592 at the 2011 census. It sits astride the River Test and at the foot of Stockbridge Down.
Palace of the Argentine National Congress
The Palace of the Argentine National Congress (Spanish: Palacio del Congreso de la Nación Argentina, often referred locally as Palacio del Congreso or simply Congreso) is a monumental building, seat of the Argentine National Congress, located in the city of Buenos Aires. It is located in the barrio of Balvanera at its limit with Monserrat, an area informally known as the Congreso neighbourhood.

Constructed between 1898 and 1906, the palace is a National Historic Landmark. The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building.

Jujuy Province
Jujuy [xuˈxuj] is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.