hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gulnafis Aitmukhambetova
Gulnafis Aytmukhambetova (born 2 February 1988 in Atyrau) is a Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner. She competed in the 67 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated by Franka Anić in the preliminary round.

Franka Anić
Franka Anić (born 5 February 1991 in Split, Croatia) is a Slovenian-Croatian taekwondo athlete. Anić lives in Korčula, Croatia, but competes internationally for Slovenia.

Anić qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 67 kg category. She reached the semifinals where she lost to Hwang Kyung-Seon. In the bronze medal match, she lost to Paige McPherson, thus finishing in 5th place in the tournament. She was Slovenia's flagbearer during the closing ceremonies.
1973 Concorde eclipse flight
On 30 June 1973, the supersonic jet Concorde 001 intercepted the path of a total solar eclipse and followed the path of totality as it crossed Africa. This feat allowed the passengers to experience a total solar eclipse for 74 minutes, the longest-ever total eclipse observation. Five experiments were carried out during the flight, but they have had limited scientific impact.

Stellar corona
In astronomy, a corona (pl.: coronas or coronae) is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere. It is a region filled with relatively hot, tenuous plasma that is structured by the star's magnetic field.

Scientists have greater access to the solar corona than they do to other stellar coronae, since it is inside our solar system. This means that the coronae of other stars are still relatively poorly understood.

Corona (Latin for 'crown') is, in turn, derived from Ancient Greek  κορώνη (korṓnē) 'garland, wreath'.
2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas
The 2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tênis de Campinas was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Campinas, Brazil between 15 and 21 September 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Stu Aberdeen
Stuart Worth Aberdeen (July 19, 1935 – June 11, 1979) was an American college basketball coach. He was the head coach at Acadia in Nova Scotia and the head coach at Marshall. At Acadia, Aberdeen had a 122–50 record. He was posthumously inducted into the Acadia Hall of Fame in 1989.

Aberdeen left Acadia to become an assistant to Ray Mears at Tennessee, where he was the lead recruiter for some of UT’s top players, including future Hall of Fame forward Bernard King. He left the Volunteers after eleven years, taking the head coaching position at Marshall. Aberdeen had a record of 25–31 in two seasons at Marshall. During the 1979 offseason, while vacationing in Florida, Aberdeen died from a heart attack while jogging.

Bernard King
Bernard King (born December 4, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player at the small forward position in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 14 seasons with the New Jersey Nets, Utah Jazz, Golden State Warriors, New York Knicks, and Washington Bullets. King is a four-time NBA All-Star, four-time All-NBA selection and led the NBA in scoring in the 1984–85 season. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013. His younger brother, Albert, also played in the NBA during his career.

Basketball legend Julius Erving, otherwise known as "Dr. J", said King was the toughest player he had ever faced.
December 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 8 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 10

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 22 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 9th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 26.

Valerie of Limoges
Valerie of Limoges (also Valeria of Limoges) is a legendary Christian martyr and cephalophore, associated with the Roman period, whose cult was very important in Limousin, France, during the medieval period. She has been an important subject for Christian art since the Middle Ages and for porcelain figurines over several centuries.
Haverton Hill
Haverton Hill is an area within the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of County Durham, England. Once considered a part of Billingham, Haverton Hill was once a thriving industrial community which has suffered significant depopulation since the 1960s as a result of pollution.

It is situated to the north of the River Tees, near Billingham. The A1046 is the main road linking to Stockton and the A19 in the west and Port Clarence and the A178 in the east.

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
The Borough of Stockton-on-Tees is a unitary authority area with borough status in County Durham and North Yorkshire, England. In 2021, it had a population of 196,600.

The main settlement and namesake of the borough is Stockton-on-Tees, which lies on the north bank of the River Tees in County Durham, along with the towns of Billingham and Norton-on-Tees. The borough also includes the towns of Ingleby Barwick, Thornaby-on-Tees and Yarm, all south of the Tees, in North Yorkshire. Bridges spanning the River Tees include the Yarm Viaduct and the Tees Transporter Bridge. The borough is locally governed by Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council and forms part of the Tees Valley together with the boroughs of Darlington, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Hartlepool. Teesside International Airport is partly within the borough.
From What Is Before
From What Is Before (Tagalog: Mula sa Kung Ano ang Noon) is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on July 3, 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard.

The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine screening held for free on September 21, 2014. The film had its U.S. premiere, as part of the World Cinema section, at the 2014 AFI Fest. The film won Best Picture at the Gawad Urian.

Golden Leopard
The Golden Leopard (Italian: Pardo d'oro) is the top prize at the Locarno Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named the Golden Leopard in 1968. The festival was not held in 1951 and the prize was not awarded in 1956 and 1982. As of 2024 René Clair is the only director to have won the award twice, winning in the first two years of the festival.
Characteristic multiplier
In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations, a characteristic multiplier is an eigenvalue of a monodromy matrix. The logarithm of a characteristic multiplier is also known as characteristic exponent. They appear in Floquet theory of periodic differential operators and in the Frobenius method.

Frobenius method
In mathematics, the method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a linear second-order ordinary differential equation of the form

with  and .

in the vicinity of the regular singular point .

One can divide by  to obtain a differential equation of the form

which will not be solvable with regular power series methods if either p(z)/z or q(z)/z2 is not analytic at z = 0. The Frobenius method enables one to create a power series solution to such a differential equation, provided that p(z) and q(z) are themselves analytic at 0 or, being analytic elsewhere, both their limits at 0 exist (and are finite).
Scandium triiodide
Scandium triiodide, also known as scandium iodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula ScI3 and is classified as a lanthanide iodide. This salt is a yellowish powder.  It is used in metal halide lamps together with similar compounds, such as caesium iodide, because of their ability to maximize emission of UV and to prolong bulb life. The maximized UV emission can be tuned to a range that can initiate photopolymerizations.

Scandium triiodide adopts a structure similar to that of iron trichloride (FeCl3), crystallizing into a rhombohedral lattice. Scandium has a coordination number of 6, while iodine has a coordination number of 3 and is trigonal pyramidal.

The purest scandium triiodide is obtained through direct reaction of the elements:

2 Sc  +  3 I2   →    2 ScI3

Alternatively, but less effectively, one can produce anhydrous scandium triiodide by dehydrating ScI3(H2O)6.

Iodide
An iodide ion is I−. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.
Kathrin Zettel
Kathrin Zettel (born 5 August 1986) is an Austrian retired World Cup alpine ski racer. She won many races and took a bronze medal in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In 2021 she was a partner in a company creating domestic size wind turbines in lower Austria.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Deu Mandrekar
Deu Gunaji Mandrekar (born 18 March 1923 – unknown) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly from Pernem in the 1977, 1980 as a member of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and from Dargalim in the 1989, 1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election. He was Deputy Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly from January 1995 to November 1998.

In 1999, Mandrekar ran as an independent, having defected ten times by that point. In April 2012, it was noted that Mandrekar is deceased.

Goa Legislative Assembly
The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India. The Assembly meets at the Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. The Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly consists of 40 members. The assembly is in charge of the budget, the Assembly appropriates money for social programs, agricultural development, infrastructure development, etc. It is also responsible for proposing and levying taxes.
Public holidays in Brazil
In Brazil, public holidays may be legislated at the federal, statewide and municipal levels. Most holidays are observed nationwide.

Apart from the yearly official holidays (listed below), the Constitution of Brazil also establishes that election days are to be considered national holidays as well. General elections are biennially held on the first Sunday of October in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October in the second round. Numerous religious and ethnic holidays are also celebrated in Brazil.

Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.
Albert Borgmann
Albert Borgmann (Nov. 23, 1937 – May 7, 2023) was a German-born American philosopher, specializing in the philosophy of technology.

Borgmann was born in Freiburg, Germany, and briefly taught German literature at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and philosophy at DePaul University and then the University of Hawaii before settling in a permanent position as professor of philosophy at the University of Montana. In 2013 Borgmann received the Golden Eurydice Award for his contributions to philosophy. Borgmann died in Missoula, Montana on May 7, 2023, at the age of 85.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Roma Tre University
Roma Tre University (Italian: Università degli Studi  Roma Tre) is an Italian public research university in Rome, Italy. All its offices and departments are located in the Ostiense district area.

Founded in 1992 by the Ministry of Public Education, under the request of several professors of the Sapienza University of Rome, it was the third public university to be established in the metropolitan area of Rome. It is the second-largest university of Rome by enrollment and one of the largest research-based institutions in the country.

College and university rankings
College and university rankings order higher education institutions based on various criteria, with factors differing depending on the specific ranking system. These rankings can be conducted at the national or international level, assessing institutions within a single country, within a specific geographical region, or worldwide. Rankings are typically conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments, or academics.

In addition to ranking entire institutions, specific programs, departments, and schools can be ranked. Some rankings consider measures of wealth, excellence in research, selective admissions, and alumni success. Rankings may also consider various combinations of measures of specialization expertise, student options, award numbers, internationalization, graduate employment, industrial linkage, historical reputation and other criteria.
Richard Disney (politician)
Richard Disney (by 1505 – 30 March 1578) was an English Member of Parliament.

He was born the son of William Disney of Norton Disney and succeeded his father in December 1540.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Grantham in April 1554.
He was a Justice of the Peace for Kesteven from 1547 to 1564 and served as High Sheriff of Lincolnshire for 1556–57 and 1566–67.

He had married twice: firstly Neile, the daughter and coheiress of Sir William Hussey of Beauvale, Nottinghamshire, with whom he had 7 sons and 5 daughters; and secondly Jane, the daughter of Sir William Askew of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire and widow of George St. Poll (d. 1558/59) of Snarford, Lincolnshire.

William Hussey (died 1556)
Sir William Hussey (by 1493 – 19 January 1556) was an English politician.

He was the eldest son of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford, who had been executed in 1536 and whose title had been extinguished. William was knighted in 1529.

He was High Sheriff of Lincolnshire for 1530–31 and was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Grantham in 1529.

He married Ursula, daughter and coheiress of Sir Robery Lovell. They had two daughters.
Krambatangi
Krambatangi is the ferry port of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. The ferry MS Smyril M/F disembarks 2–3 times daily from Krambatangi to Tórshavn. Krambatangi is located on the southern side of Trongisvágsfjørður halfway between Trongisvágur and Øravík, opposite Tvøroyri. The ferry port was earlier on Drelnes, which is a few hundred metres further east of Krambatangi. But in 2005 a new ferry arrived, which was much bigger than the prior one, and therefore required a new ferryport at Krambatangi. Krambatangi does not belong to the municipality of Tvøroyri, and there have been some disagreements between the Tvøroyri municipality and Strandfaraskip Landsins (SSL) because they didn't pay harbour dues for entering the port of Tvøroyri. The Faroese court decided that SSL ought to pay for entering the port of Tvøroyri, but SSL appealed the verdict.

Tórshavn
Tórshavn (Faroese: [ˈtʰɔu̯ʂhau̯n] ⓘ; lit. 'Thor's harbour'; Danish: Thorshavn), locally referred to as Havn, is the capital and largest city of the Faroe Islands. It is located in the southern part on the east coast of Streymoy. To the northwest of the city lies the 347-meter-high (1,138 ft) mountain Húsareyn, and to the southwest, the 350-meter-high (1,150 ft) Kirkjubøreyn. They are separated by the Sandá River. The city itself has a population of 14,223 (2024), and the greater urban area has a population of 22,444, including the suburbs of Hoyvík and Argir.

The Norse (Scandinavians) established their parliament on the Tinganes peninsula in AD 850. Tórshavn thus became the capital of the Faroe Islands and has remained so ever since. Early on, Tórshavn became the centre of the islands' trade monopoly, thereby being the only legal place for the islanders to sell and buy goods. In 1856, the trade monopoly was abolished and the islands were left open to free trade.
Bhojasar, Phalodi
Bhojasar is a village within the Phalodi administrative region of Phalodi district, Rajasthan, India. The village lies 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Phalodi. It is situated in the Jodhpur division and 126 kilometres (78 mi) north from Jodhpur. Phalodi District was established on 7 August 2023. Before that village used to be a part of Jodhpur district with Phalodi Tehsil.

The 490 hectares (4.9 km2) village has an overall population of about 1612 It was 1362 in 2001 census. Most of the villagers are dependent on farming and labour works.

Phalodi
Phalodi is a city in Phalodi district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the headquarters for Phalodi district. Phalodi is also called the "salt city" due to the salt industry in Rin. Phalodi is in the buffer zone of Thar Desert and often subject to extreme temperature conditions due to its arid climate. The highest temperature in the history of Phalodi is 51°C, which is the highest ever verified temperature in the country.
Maslarov Nunatak
Maslarov Nunatak (Bulgarian: Масларов нунатак, romanized: Maslarov nunatak, IPA: [mɐsˈɫarof ˈnunɐtak]) is the rocky ridge 1.9 km long in northwest–southeast direction and 1.3 km wide, rising to 697 m at the northwest coast of Larsen Inlet on Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.

The feature is named after Iliya Maslarov, cook at St. Kliment Ohridski base during the 1993/94 summer season, member of the team that repaired and inaugurated the base facilities, and set the practice of annual national Antarctic campaigns.

St. Kliment Ohridski Base
St. Kliment Ohridski Base (Bulgarian: База Св. Климент Охридски, romanized: Baza Sv. Kliment Ohridski, IPA: [ˈbazɐ svɛˈti ˈklimɛnt ˈɔxritski]) is a Bulgarian Antarctic base on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands.

The base, originally known as Sofia University Refuge or Hemus Base, was named in 1993 for medieval Bulgarian scholar St. Clement of Ohrid (840–916). The name is often shortened by non-Bulgarians to Ohridski Base, and sometimes misspelled as Ohridiski.
Zabava, Zagorje ob Savi
Zabava (pronounced [zaˈbaːʋa]; German: Sabawa) is a settlement in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It lies just off the main road leading west from Izlake, south of Mlinše. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Mlinše
Mlinše (pronounced [ˈmliːnʃɛ]; in older sources also Mlinšče, German: Mlinsche) is a village in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia. It lies on the main road to Moravče east of Zagorje. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms
The Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms is an audio/visual glossary of 256 terms prepared and hosted by the National Human Genome Research Institute in the United States.

The National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGRI) created the Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms to help people without scientific backgrounds understand the terms and concepts used in genetic research. Simply click on the term of interest to open a page with a wealth of information, including the term's pronunciation, audio information, images and additional links to related terms. Students, teachers and parents will find the glossary an easy-to-use, always available learning source on genetics.

The first version was published in English online in September 1998 by the NHGRI Office of Science Education under the title of "Talking Glossary of Genetics". The Spanish-language version was released 18 months later.

Glossary
A glossary (from Ancient Greek: γλῶσσα, glossa; language, speech, wording), also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. Traditionally, a glossary appears at the end of a book and includes terms within that book that are either newly introduced, uncommon, or specialized. While glossaries are most commonly associated with non-fiction books, fiction novels sometimes include a glossary for unfamiliar terms.

A bilingual glossary is a list of terms in one language defined in a second language or glossed by synonyms (or at least near-synonyms) in another language.

In a general sense, a glossary contains explanations of concepts relevant to a certain field of study or action. In this sense, the term is related to the notion of ontology. Automatic methods have been also provided that transform a glossary into an ontology or a computational lexicon.