hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frontage road
A frontage road (also known as an access road, outer road, service road, feeder road, or parallel road) is a local road running parallel to a higher-speed, limited-access road. Where parallel high-speed roads are provided as part of a major highway, these are also known as local lanes. Sometimes a similar arrangement is used for city roads; for example, the collector portion of Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, U.S., is known as a carriage road.

A frontage road is often used to provide access to private driveways, shops, houses, industries or farms that would otherwise be cut off by a limited-access road. This can prevent the commercial disruption of an urban area that the freeway traverses or allow commercial development of bordering property.

King, Ontario
King (2021 population 27,333) is a township in York Region north of Toronto, within the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada.

The rolling hills of the Oak Ridges Moraine are the most prominent visible geographical feature of King. The Holland Marsh, considered to be Ontario's "vegetable basket", straddles King Township and Bradford West Gwillimbury. King is known for its horse and cattle farms.

Though King is predominantly rural, most of its residents inhabit the communities of King City, Nobleton, and Schomberg.
Dragon Bravo Fire
The Dragon Bravo Fire was a megafire at the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. The wildfire was started by lightning. It was initially called in on July 4, 2025. On September 29, 2025, the fire was listed as 100% contained after burning 145,504 acres (58,883 ha). Fire suppression costs on that date reached $135,000,000.

The fire has destroyed 113 structures, including the historic Grand Canyon Lodge.

It became the 7th largest wildfire in Arizona history and was the largest wildfire in the United States excluding Alaska during the 2025 wildfire season.

South Kaibab Trail
The South Kaibab Trail is a hiking trail in Grand Canyon National Park, located in the U.S. state of Arizona. Unlike the Bright Angel Trail which also begins at the south rim of the Grand Canyon and leads to the Colorado River, the South Kaibab Trail follows a ridge out to Skeleton Point allowing for 360-degree views of the canyon.
Wesley Correira
Wesley Correira (born November 11, 1978), is an American mixed martial artist who competed in the heavyweight and super heavyweight divisions. A professional from 2000 to 2016, he formerly competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Submission (combat sports)
A submission, also called a "tap out" is a combat sports term for yielding to the opponent, resulting in an immediate defeat. A submission is often performed by visibly tapping the floor or opponent with the hand or foot, or by verbalizing to the opponent or referee of the competition. In combative sports where the fighter has cornermen, the cornerman can also stop the fight by "throwing in the towel" (either by literally throwing in a towel or by verbalizing to the official), which may count as a submission.

To force a submission a fighter must do a submission hold, of which there are two categories. The first is a joint lock, which can include armlocks, americanas, anklelocks, kneebars, etc. These submissions damage the joints by hyperextending and threatening to break them. Secondly there are chokeholds. These include the rear naked choke, guillotine choke, triangle choke, etc. These prevent air flow to the lungs or blood flow to the brain, risking the fighter to go unconscious.
Bratschen
Bratschen are weathering products that occur as a result of frost and aeolian corrasion almost exclusively on the calc-schists of the Upper Slate Mantle (Obere Schieferhülle) in the High Tauern mountains of Austria. The term is German but is used untranslated in English sources.

The calc-schist, which appears blue-gray when freshly broken, weathers to a yellow to brown colour and flakes off on the surface to form bratschen.

These form steep (up to 40°), rocky, almost unvegetated mountainsides with an odd and rough-textured surface, caused by wind erosion. Bratschen are found on the mountains such as the Fuscherkarkopf, the Großer Bärenkopf, the Kitzsteinhorn, the Schwerteck, or on the eponymous Bratschenköpfen.

High Tauern
The High Tauern (pl.; German: Hohe Tauern, Italian: Alti Tauri) are a mountain range on the main chain of the Central Eastern Alps, comprising the highest peaks east of the Brenner Pass. The crest forms the southern border of the Austrian states of Salzburg, Carinthia and East Tyrol, with a small part in the southwest belongs to the Italian province of South Tyrol. The range includes Austria's highest mountain, the Grossglockner at 3,798 metres (12,461 ft) above the Adriatic.

In the east, the range is adjoined by the Lower Tauern. For the etymology of the name, see Tauern.
Government Medical College, Kollam
Government Medical College, Kollam, formerly ESIC Medical College, Parippally, is the first Government medical college in Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is situated 21 km (13 mi) south of Kollam city and 9.6 km (6.0 mi) east of Paravur town. The College was initially established by the Employees State Insurance Corporation, a Government of India establishment, and later acquired by the Government of Kerala.

Square metre
The square metre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the unit of area in the International System of Units (SI) with symbol m2. It is the area of a square with sides one metre in length.

Adding and subtracting SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples; however, as the unit is exponentiated, the quantities grow exponentially by the corresponding power of 10. For example, 1 kilometre is 103 (one thousand) times the length of 1 metre, but 1 square kilometre is (103)2 (106, one million) times the area of 1 square metre, and 1 cubic kilometre is (103)3 (109, one billion) cubic metres.

Its inverse is the reciprocal square metre (m−2), often called "per square metre".
Indian Spitz
The Indian Spitz is a spitz dog breed belonging to the utility group. The Indian Spitz was one of the most popular dogs in India in the 1980s and 1990s when India's import rules made it difficult to import dogs of other breeds.

Pomeranian dog
The Pomeranian (also known as a Pom, Pommy or Pome) is a breed of dog of the Spitz type that is named for the Pomerania region in north-west Poland and north-east Germany in Central Europe. Classed as a toy dog breed because of its small size, the Pomeranian is descended from larger Spitz-type dogs, specifically the German Spitz.

The breed has been made popular by a number of royal owners since the 18th century. Queen Victoria owned a particularly small Pomeranian, and consequently, the smaller variety became universally popular. During Victoria's lifetime alone, the size of the breed decreased by half. As of 2017, in terms of registration figures, since at least 1998, the breed has ranked among the top fifty most popular breeds in the United States, and the current fashion for small dogs has increased their popularity worldwide.
Monastery of St. Nicholas of Rošci
The Monastery of St. Nicholas of Rošci (Serbian: Манастир Никоље Кабларско, Manastir Nikolje Kablarsko), also known as St. Nicholas Monastery in Kablar, is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located in Rošci, in Moravica district and on the territory of City of Čačak, in the west of Serbia. Dedicated to Saint Nicholas, it is one of the ten monasteries of the Ovčar-Kablar gorge, which for this reason is nicknamed the Serbian Mount Athos, It is home to a community of nuns. It is included in the list of  Cultural Monuments of Great Importance of the Republic of Serbia (identifier SK 371).

Ovčar-Kablar Gorge
The Ovčar-Kablar Gorge (Serbian: Овчарско-кабларска клисура, Ovčarsko-kablarska klisura) is a gorge in the western part of central Serbia, in the part of the composite valley of the West Morava river, within the geographical region of Šumadija. With over 30 monasteries built in the gorge since the 14th century, it is known as the "Serbian Mount Athos".

In 2001, the area was declared a natural monument, and protected as the Ovčar-Kablar Gorge landscape of outstanding features.
Brown's representability theorem
In mathematics, Brown's representability theorem in homotopy theory gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a contravariant functor F on the homotopy category Hotc of pointed connected CW complexes, to the category of sets Set, to be a representable functor.

More specifically, we are given

F: Hotcop → Set,

and there are certain obviously necessary conditions for F to be of type Hom(—, C), with C a pointed connected CW-complex that can be deduced from category theory alone.  The statement of the substantive part of the theorem is that these necessary conditions are then sufficient.  For technical reasons, the theorem is often stated for functors to the category of pointed sets; in other words the sets are also given a base point.

The theorem is due to Edgar H. Brown who published it in 1962.

Pointed set
In mathematics, a pointed set (also based set or rooted set) is an ordered pair  where  is a set and  is an element of  called the base point  (also spelled basepoint).: 10–11

A map between pointed a sets  and —called a based map, pointed map, or point-preserving map—is a function from  to  that maps one basepoint to another, i.e. a map  such that ⁠⁠. A based map is usually denoted ⁠⁠.

Pointed sets are very simple algebraic structures. In the sense of universal algebra, a pointed set is a set  together with a single nullary operation ⁠⁠, which picks out the basepoint. Pointed maps are the homomorphisms of these algebraic structures.

The class of all pointed sets together with the class of all based maps forms a category.  Every pointed set can be converted to an ordinary set by forgetting the basepoint (the forgetful functor is faithful), but the reverse is not true.: 44  In particular, the empty set cannot be pointed, because it has no element that can be chosen as the basepoint.
History of tea
The history of tea spreads across many cultures throughout thousands of years. The tea plant Camellia sinensis is both native and probably originated in the borderlands of China and northern Myanmar. One of the earliest accounts of tea drinking is dated back to China's Shang dynasty, in which tea was consumed in a medicinal concoction. One traditional method of preparing tea involves steeping loose tea leaves in a teapot and straining them into a cup, a practice that became common in Europe following the introduction of tea by Chinese traders. An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Chinese physician Hua Tuo. It first became known to the western world through Portuguese priests and merchants in China during the early 16th century. Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century.  To compete with the Chinese monopoly on tea, the British East India Company introduced commercial tea production to British India.

Kangra tea
Kangra tea is a tea from the Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh, India. Both black tea and green tea have been produced in the Kangra Valley since the mid-19th century. Kangra tea was given the Geographical Indication status in 2005.
2024 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference
The 2024 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference was the eighteenth conference of the Premier Volleyball League and its ninth conference as a professional league.

This was the second conference for the 2024 season. It was originally slated to be a merged tournament of the Invitational and Reinforced Conferences, but PVL Commissioner Sherwin Malonzo announced in a simultaneous interview during the commencement of the 2024 PVL Draft Combine that this would be a stand-alone Reinforced tournament and that the Invitational Conference would start in September.

Twelve teams competed in this conference, which have been grouped into two pools. Each team would be allowed to reinforced by one foreign player. Strong Group Athletics changed its name to Zus Coffee Thunderbelles.

Philippines women's national volleyball team
The Philippines women's national volleyball team represents the Philippines in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches, governed by the Philippine National Volleyball Federation since 2021.

Philippines' highest achievement was qualifying for and competing at the FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship in the 1974 edition, where they finished at 18th place.
Kinja (website)
Kinja was a free online news aggregator, launched in April 2004. It was operated by G/O Media. It was formerly operated by Gizmodo Media Group, which was purchased by Univision Communications during Gawker Media's bankruptcy.

G/O Media
G/O Media Inc. is an American media holding company that owned and operated several digital media outlets.

It was formed in 2019 after the private equity firm Great Hill Partners purchased two digital portfolios from Univision: Gizmodo Media Group (Gizmodo, Jezebel, Deadspin, Lifehacker, Splinter, The Root, Kotaku, and Jalopnik) and the Onion portfolio (The Onion, ClickHole, The A.V. Club, and The Takeout). Since 2023, the company has sold off many of its outlets, including The Onion and Gizmodo, which were the source of "the G and O of its name". By October 2025, it had no remaining outlets and was in the process of sunsetting its operations.
Nagareddipet
Nagareddipet is a mandal and settlement in Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located on the Kamareddy/Medak border, around 21 km from Medak Town. Villages under it as a mandal include Tandoor, Jalalpur, Venkampally, Chinnoor, Malthumedha, Lingampally, and Atmakur.

As of the 2011 Indian census, the mandal contains 8130 households and 34,601 people.

Kamareddy district
Kamareddy district is a district located in the western region of the Indian state of Telangana. The district shares boundaries with Medak, Nizamabad, Sangareddy, Siddipet and Rajanna Sircilla districts and with the state boundary of Maharashtra and Karnataka.
DJ Spinz
Gary Rafael Hill, known professionally as DJ Spinz, is an American record producer, songwriter and disc jockey. Spinz became a DJ in the late 2000s before shifting into music production. He has since produced the Billboard Hot 100-top 40 singles "Cashin' Out" by Cash Out and "Flex (Ooh, Ooh, Ooh)" by Rich Homie Quan, as well as the multi-platinum-certified singles "Fuck Up Some Commas" by Future, "Blasé" by Ty Dolla Sign, and "Bring It Back" by Travis Porter. He has also been credited on albums by Waka Flocka Flame, Gucci Mane, French Montana, Jacquees, Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, and Lil B, among others.

Cash Out
John-Michael Hakeem Gibson (born August 15, 1990), better known by his stage name Cash Out (stylized Ca$h Out), is an American former rapper and convicted sex offender. He signed with Epic Records to release his 2011 single "Cashin' Out", which peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). After parting ways with the label, his 2014 single "She Twerkin" narrowly entered the chart and served as the lead single for his debut studio album Let's Get It (2014), which in turn moderately entered the Billboard 200.

On July 28, 2025, after a 2022 arrest on racketeering and sex trafficking charges, he was found guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole plus an additional 70 years after being convicted of an additional crime of rape, forcible sodomy and weapons possession.
2000 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 2000 UCI Women's Road World Cup was the third edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. Seven rounds were contested; compared to 1999, the Trophée International and the New Zealand World Cup were dropped, while the Ladies Tour Beneden-Maas was replaced by the Rotterdam Tour. Diana Žiliūtė won the series for the second time, having won the inaugural series in 1998.

1998 UCI Women's Road World Cup
The 1998 UCI Women's Road World Cup was the inaugural edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. It consisted of six rounds in Australia, Europe and North America. The champion was Diana Žiliūtė, who won two rounds and finished with a points tally over double that of her nearest rival.
Ibai Gómez
Ibai Gómez Pérez (born 11 November 1989) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mainly as a left winger, currently a manager.

He achieved La Liga totals of 226 games and 28 goals over 11 seasons, with Athletic Bilbao (two spells) and Alavés. He won the 2021 Supercopa de España with the former.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League
The 2011–12 UEFA Europa League was the third season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 41st edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 30 June 2011 with the first legs of the first qualifying round, and ended on 9 May 2012 with the final held at Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one on each goal line – were used in all matches of the competition from the group stage.

Atlético Madrid won the title, defeating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 in an all-Spanish final. Porto were the defending champions, but they were beaten by Manchester City in the Round of 32.
Hem, Netherlands
Hem (West Frisian: Him) (population estimate: 1230) is a village in the municipality Drechterland, located in the north west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.

The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Hem, and means "silted land in a bend of a stream". Hem developed in the 12th century as a peat excavation settlement.

The tower of the Dutch Reformed church dates from around 1500. The baluster and spire were constructed after a 1897 fire. The matching church was demolished in 1972 after a fire. The Catholic St Lucas Church is an aisleless church from 1930. Hem was home to 591 people in 1840.

Drechterland
Drechterland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdrɛxtərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The municipality was formed in 1979, in a merger of the former municipalities of Hoogkarspel, Westwoud and Oosterblokker. Its original name, Bangert, was changed to "Drechterland" in 1980. In 2006, the former municipality of Venhuizen was added to Drechterland.
Normal form (natural deduction)
In mathematical logic and proof theory, a derivation in normal form in the context of natural deduction refers to a proof which contains no detours — steps in which a formula is first introduced and then immediately eliminated.

The concept of normalization in natural deduction was introduced by Dag Prawitz in the 1960s as part of a general effort to analyze the structure of proofs and eliminate unnecessary reasoning steps. The associated normalization theorem establishes that every derivation in natural deduction can be transformed into normal form.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
DBAR problem
The DBAR problem, or the -problem, is the problem of solving the differential equation

for the function , where  is assumed to be known and  is a complex number in a domain . The operator  is called the DBAR operator:

The DBAR operator is nothing other than the complex conjugate of the operator

denoting the usual differentiation in the complex -plane.

The DBAR problem is of key importance in the theory of integrable systems, Schrödinger operators and generalizes the Riemann–Hilbert problem.

Riemann–Hilbert problem
In mathematics, Riemann–Hilbert problems, named after Bernhard Riemann and David Hilbert, are a class of problems that arise in the study of differential equations in the complex plane. Several existence theorems for Riemann–Hilbert problems have been produced by Mark Krein, Israel Gohberg and others.
Revolve (John Newman album)
Revolve is the second studio album by English singer John Newman. It was released on 16 October 2015 by Universal and Island Records. The album includes the singles "Come and Get It" and "Tiring Game". It is the follow-up to his 2013 debut Tribute (2013).

Tribute (John Newman album)
Tribute is the debut studio album by English singer John Newman. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 October 2013 by Universal and Island Records. The album includes the singles "Love Me Again", "Cheating", "Losing Sleep" and "Out of My Head". A deluxe edition of the album contains three bonus tracks. The album was produced by Ant Whiting, John Newman, Steve Booker and Mike Spencer. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number one.
Margaret Somerville
Margaret Anne Ganley Somerville AM FRSC (born 13 April 1942) is a Catholic philosopher and professor of bioethics at University of Notre Dame Australia. She was previously Samuel Gale Professor of Law at McGill University.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
2014 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2014 Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Alberta, was held from January 8 to 12 at the Sylvan Lake Curling Club in Sylvan Lake. The winning Val Sweeting team represented Alberta at the 2014 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Montreal.

Alberta Women's Curling Championship
The Alberta Women's Curling Championship, formerly the Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Alberta provincial women's curling tournament run by Curling Alberta. The winning team represents Alberta at the Canadian women's national championship, called the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.