hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia
The writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia comprise a diverse group of scripts used across the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent regions prior to the rise of Islam in the 7th century AD. These scripts reflect the position of Arabia as a crossroads between the Mediterranean, Mesopotamian, Iranian, and African cultural spheres, and they were employed for a range of functions including monumental inscriptions, religious dedications, administrative records, graffiti, and personal names. Most of the known writing systems belong to the South Semitic branch of the Semitic script family, though others derive from Aramaic and Greek models.

The study of these writing systems relies primarily on epigraphy, as literary manuscripts from pre-Islamic Arabia have not survived. Inscriptions are attested from at least the early 1st millennium BC until the early Islamic period, with significant regional variation in script, language, and orthographic practices.

Ancient South Arabian script
The Ancient South Arabian script (Old South Arabian: 𐩣𐩯𐩬𐩵, romanized: ms3nd; modern Arabic: الْمُسْنَد musnad) branched from the Proto-Sinaitic script in about the late 2nd millennium BCE, and remained in use through the late sixth century CE. It is an abjad, a writing system where only consonants are obligatorily written, a trait shared with its predecessor, Proto-Sinaitic, as well as some of its sibling writing systems, including Arabic and Hebrew.  It is a predecessor of the Ge'ez script, and a sibling script of the Phoenician alphabet and, through that, the modern Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek alphabets.

The script is really two variants: the monumental and the minuscule script, the former for inscriptions, the latter scratched with wooden sticks. The scripts have a common origin but evolved into separate systems.
Religion in North Korea
There are no known official statistics of religions in North Korea. Officially, North Korea is an atheist state, although its constitution guarantees free exercise of religion, provided that religious practice does not introduce foreign forces, harm the state, or harm the existing social order. Based on estimates from the late 1990s and the 2000s, North Korea is mostly irreligious, with the main religions being Shamanism and Chondoism. There are small communities of Buddhists and Christians. Chondoism is represented in politics by the Party of the Young Friends of the Heavenly Way, and is regarded by the government as Korea's "national religion" because of its identity as a minjung (popular) and "revolutionary anti-imperialist" movement.

Mu (shaman)
Mu (Korean: 무) is the Korean term for a shaman in Korean shamanism. Korean shamans hold rituals called gut for the welfare of the individuals and society.

In modern Korea different terms are used to define shamans, including mudang (mostly for females), baksu (only for males), tangol (for hereditary shamans), and musogin ("people who do shamanism", used in the context of organised shamanism).
Priestly court
In Judaism, the priestly court (beit din shel kohanim, Hebrew: בית דין של כהנים; also translated as the beit din of the priests or Court of the Priests) was a court of Jewish law, composed of priests descended from Aaron, which operated at the Temple in Jerusalem and oversaw matters related to the priesthood and Temple rituals.

The priestly court coexisted with the Sanhedrin, which was generally the legal authority for non-Temple matters. According to rabbinic literature, the priestly court consisted solely of priests of verified patrilineal descent from Aaron ("Kohanim meyuchashim"), while the Sanhedrin which was composed of members of all twelve tribes of Israel. Some scholars are of the opinion that the 23 members of the priestly court also served in the Sanhedrin, roughly a third of the latter's 71 members.

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
Harvey Carey
Harvey Nicklos Miguel Carey (born March 18, 1979) is a Filipino-American former professional basketball player. He spent his entire career with the TNT Tropang Giga in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

Rain or Shine Elasto Painters
The Rain or Shine Elasto Painters (colloquially known as the E-Painters) are a professional basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association owned by Asian Coatings Philippines, Inc. It debuted in the league in the 2006–07 PBA season after acquiring the franchise rights of the Shell Turbo Chargers in 2006, which disbanded after the 2004–05 PBA season.

From 1996 to 2006, the franchise played in the Philippine Basketball League, carrying the name Welcoat House Paints, Welcoat Paintmasters and the St. Benilde-Rain or Shine Elasto Painters, winning a total of six championships.
Discovery and development of gliflozins
Gliflozins are a class of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). They act by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), and are therefore also called SGLT-2 inhibitors. The efficacy of the drug is dependent on renal excretion and limits glucose from returning to blood circulation by promoting glucosuria. The mechanism of action is insulin independent.

Five drugs have been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States;  bexagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. Canagliflozin was the first SGLT-2 inhibitor that was approved by the FDA, being accepted in March 2013. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were approved in 2014, ertugliflozin in 2017, and bexagliflozin in 2023.

Bexagliflozin
Bexagliflozin, sold under the brand name Brenzavvy, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that is taken by mouth.

The most common side effects include genital yeast infections, urinary tract infections, and increased urination.

Bexagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2023.
Townsend Hotel (Birmingham, Michigan)
The Townsend Hotel is a luxury boutique hotel located in the Metro Detroit city of Birmingham, Michigan. The hotel contains the Rugby Grille restaurant. In addition, the hotel ballroom can accommodate conferences of up to 500 people. The hotel architecture is in the English manor house style.

Boutique hotel
Boutique hotels are small-capacity hotels that provide more personalized service than typical hotels. They typically have fewer than a hundred rooms, and are considered more "trendy" and "intimate", often due to their location in urban areas. They will usually also display a strong sense of aesthetic, and have a unique, un-homogenized character. They may be themed too, such as by having a focus on nature, environment, cuisine, history, community and cultural immersion, attentive service, or well-being.
Frances Jones Dandridge
Frances Jones Dandridge (August 6, 1710 – April 9, 1785) was the mother of Martha Washington, the first First Lady of the United States. She was born in New Kent County, Virginia. Her father Orlando Jones and maternal grandfather Colonel Gideon Macon served on the House of Burgesses in Colonial Virginia. Her parents were prosperous Virginian landowners.

Her mother Martha Macon died when she was six and her father remarried before his death. She was then raised by her stepmother Mary Elizabeth Williams Jones and later her new husband John James Flourney. A few years after having herself emancipated at the age of sixteen, Frances married John Dandridge—a prominent planter, Colonel in the local militia, and Clerk of Courts—on July 22, 1730, in New Kent County, Virginia. They lived at the Chestnut Grove plantation and a house in Williamsburg and had eight children.

King William County, Virginia
King William County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,810. Its county seat is King William. King William County is located in the Middle Peninsula and is included in the Greater Richmond Region.
National Buffalo Wing Festival
National Buffalo Wing Festival or Wing Fest is a weekend festival held on Labor Day weekend at Sahlen Field in Buffalo, New York, United States, celebrating the Buffalo style chicken wing. The festival culminates with the IFOCE sanctioned Buffalo Wing eating contest, which has taken place the Sunday of the festival since 2003, except 2020 when it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Competitive eating
Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to eat large quantities of food, usually in a short time period. Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.
Shimazu Tadayoshi (2nd)
Prince Shimazu Tadayoshi (島津忠義; May 22, 1840 – December 26, 1897) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period, who ruled the Satsuma Domain as its 12th and last daimyō until 1871. He succeeded his father, Hisamitsu, as the head of the Shimazu clan in 1887. In 1897, he fell ill and died, and was succeeded as the head of the family by his son, Shimazu Tadashige.

Kazoku
The Kazoku (華族, "Magnificent/Exalted lineage"; IPA: [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟]) was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (daimyō) and court nobles (kuge) into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distinguished military officers, politicians, and scholars were occasionally ennobled as (新華族, shin kazoku, 'the newly ennobled'), until the country's defeat in the Second World War in 1945. The system was abolished with the 1947 constitution, which prohibited any form of aristocracy under it, but kazoku descendants still form the core of the traditional upper class in the country's society, distinct from the nouveau riche.

Kazoku (華族) should not be confused with kazoku (家族), which is pronounced the same in Japanese, but written with a different first character, meaning "immediate family" (as in the film Kazoku above).
Norwegian National Road Policing Service
The Norwegian National Road Policing Service (Norwegian: Utrykningspolitiet), commonly known by its abbreviation UP, is a specialty agency of the Norwegian Police Service, subordinate to the National Police Directorate. Its main task is highway patrol, in addition to managing the police reserves. As its officers have full police power it will assist police districts in special circumstances. The agency is based in Stavern and was created in 1937, replacing the former State Police agency.

National Police Directorate (Norway)
National Police Directorate (Norwegian: Politidirektoratet) is a government agency subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security which heads the Norwegian Police Service. The directorate is led by the National Police Commissioner (Politidirektør), who since 2012 has been Odd Reidar Humlegård.

In Norway there is only one police force. The organisation of the Norwegian Police is largely based on the principle of an integrated police, that is that all the functions of the police are collected in one organisation.
Country Life (Roxy Music album)
Country Life is the fourth studio album by the English art rock band Roxy Music, released on 15 November 1974 by Island Records. It was released by Atco Records in the United States. The album is considered by many critics to be among the band's most sophisticated and consistent.

Country Life peaked at number three on the UK albums chart. It also charted at number 37 in the US, becoming their first record to crack the top 40 in the country. The album includes Roxy Music's fourth hit single, "All I Want Is You", which, backed with the B-side "Your Application's Failed", reached number 12 on the UK singles chart. An edited version of "The Thrill of It All", with the same B-side, was released in the US.

Eddie Jobson
Edwin Jobson (born 28 April 1955) is an English musician who has been a member of several rock bands including Curved Air, Roxy Music, U.K., and Jethro Tull. He was also part of Frank Zappa's band in 1976–77. Noted for his keyboard work, Jobson has also gained acclaim for his violin playing. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards. In March 2019 Jobson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Roxy Music.
Stephen Allen Benson
Stephen Allen Benson (May 21, 1816 – January 24, 1865) was a Liberian politician who served as the second president of Liberia from 1856 to 1864. He previously served as the third vice president of Liberia from 1854 to 1856 under President Joseph Jenkins Roberts. Born in the United States, Benson arrived in Liberia with his family in 1822.

Vice President of Liberia
The vice president of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the president. The vice president is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six-year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the vice president ascends to the presidency, and holds the position for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The vice president also serves as the president of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie. The current vice president is Jeremiah Koung, serving under president Joseph Boakai. He began his term on January 22, 2024.
Warren Blatt
Warren Blatt (born 1962) is an American genealogist and computer engineer who is the Managing Director of JewishGen, an online source for researching Jewish roots. He is the author/coauthor of a number of books including Getting Started in Jewish Genealogy (with Gary Mokotoff).

Blatt received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies in 2004.

International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies
The International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies, Inc. (IAJGS) is an independent non-profit umbrella organization coordinating the activities and annual conference of 84 Jewish genealogical societies worldwide.
Creaming (cooking)
Creaming refers to several different culinary processes. In baking, it means the blending of ingredients with a softened form of a solid fat. In cooking, it means a dish has been poached in milk, cream, or a similar liquid. In the dairy industry, it means separating cream from milk.

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
505th Bombardment Group
The 505th Bombardment Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  Its last assignment was with Thirteenth Air Force, stationed at Clark Field, Philippines, where it was inactivated on 30 June 1946.  After organizing and training in the United states, the group served in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II as part of Twentieth Air Force. The group's Boeing B-29 Superfortress engaged in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan from January through August 1945, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations.

XXI Bomber Command
The XXI Bomber Command was a unit of the Twentieth Air Force in the Mariana Islands for strategic bombing during World War II.

The command was established at Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas on 1 March 1944.  After a period of organization and its assigned groups receiving their B-29 Superfortress aircraft, the command transferred first to Peterson Field, Colorado, then deployed to the central Pacific, being headquartered at Harmon Field, Guam, in the Mariana Islands.

Its assigned units engaged in very long-range bombardment operations, primarily against Japan until mid-July 1945.
Chelmsford County, Queensland
Chelmsford County is a cadastral division of Queensland north-west of Cairns. It contains the town of Julatten.

The county came into existence in the 19th century, but on 8 March 1901, when the Governor of Queensland issued a proclamation legally dividing Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897.

Like all counties in Queensland, it is a non-functional administrative unit, that is used mainly for the purpose of registering land titles. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.

Lands administrative divisions of Queensland
Lands administrative divisions of Queensland refers to the divisions of Queensland used for the registration of land titles. There are 322 counties, and 5,319 parishes within the state. They are part of the Lands administrative divisions of Australia. Queensland had been divided into 109 counties in the nineteenth century, before the Land Act of 1897 subdivided many of these counties to 319. Some of the eastern counties remained the same, with most of the subdivisions occurring in the west and north. The current counties were named and bounded by the Governor in Council on 7 March 1901.

In 2006, the government sought advice about a plan to abolish the counties and parishes within the state. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.
Diano d'Alba
Diano d'Alba is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Diano d'Alba borders the following municipalities: Alba, Benevello, Grinzane Cavour, Montelupo Albese, Rodello and Serralunga d'Alba.

Alba, Piedmont
Alba (Piedmontese: Arba; Latin: Alba Pompeia) is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the Province of Cuneo. It is one of the main cities in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato. The town is famous for its white truffle and wine production. The confectionery group Ferrero is based there. The city joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in October 2017.
Congregation of France
The Congregation of France (French: Labaye de Sainte Genevieve et la Congregation de France lit: The Abbey of Sainte Genevieve and the Congregation of France) was a congregation of houses of canons regular in France.. Its members were called Génovéfains after the Abbey of St Genevieve, the motherhouse of the congregation.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
Urseia gens
The gens Urseia or Ursia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  The only member of this gens known from Roman literature is the first-century jurist Urseius Ferox, but a few others are known from inscriptions.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Jasper Parrott
Jasper Parrott (born 8 September 1944 in Stockholm) is the co-founder and executive chairman of HarrisonParrott Ltd. Based in London, Munich and Paris, the artist management company is credited with pioneering innovative methods of handling the careers of classical musicians. HarrisonParrott's approach (also embracing orchestral and project management) has been widely influential within the artist management business worldwide.

In 2015, Parrott was named 'Artist Manager of the Year' at an Association of British Orchestras/Rhinegold awards ceremony.

In 2020, Parrott was awarded the decoration of the Knight First Class of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (FWR K I) for his long-term commitment to Finland, achievements in enriching Finnish music life and his successful hard work in promoting Finnish artists abroad.

Order of the White Rose of Finland
The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Swedish: Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board.
Dragon Run watershed
The Dragon Run watershed in the U.S. state of Virginia encompasses 140 square miles (360 km2) and is home to many flora and fauna species. The brackish water stream, labeled on topographic maps as Dragon Swamp, is fed by underground springs, surface runoff, and numerous feeding swamps. In a study of 232 rivers and streams in the Chesapeake Bay, the Nature Conservancy and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation found the Dragon Run to rank second in terms of ecological significance. Efforts are being made to preserve the Dragon Run, including Governor Tim Kaine’s large purchase of land in order to maintain and protect the watershed’s original state.

Egret
Egrets (/ˈiːɡrəts/ EE-grəts) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build.