hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puerto Rico Highway 183
Puerto Rico Highway 183 (PR-183) is a main highway which begins in the downtown/business area of Caguas, near Puerto Rico Highway 1 and ends in Puerto Rico Highway 198 in Las Piedras. Measuring near 25 kilometers, it is real rural parallel road of Puerto Rico Highway 30, though it goes significantly south of the latter (through San Lorenzo) and the only municipality it does not go through which PR-30 does in Humacao.

Puerto Rico Highway 1
Puerto Rico Highway 1 (PR-1) is a highway in Puerto Rico that connects the city of Ponce to San Juan. Leaving Ponce, the road heads east and follows a somewhat parallel route along the southern coast of the island heading towards Salinas. At Salinas, the road turns north to cut through the Cordillera Central in its approach to San Juan. Before reaching San Juan, it climbs to make its way to the mountain town of Cayey and then it winds down into the city of Caguas on its final approach to San Juan.
David Antonio Cruz
David Antonio Cruz (born 1974) is an interdisciplinary artist working in drawing, painting, video, and performance. Cruz is best known for his psychological paintings that combine figuration, abstraction, and collage. His work has been shown in a number of venues, including El Museo del Barrio, and the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, and has been awarded several fellowships. Cruz lives and works in New York City.

Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture
The Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture is an artists residency located in Madison, Maine, United States. Every year, the program accepts online applications from emerging artists from November through January, and selects 65 to participate in the nine-week intensive summer program. Admissions decisions are announced in April. The school provides participants with housing, food, and studio space, and the campus offers a library, media lab, and sculpture shop, among other amenities. The tuition for the program is $6,000, however, aid is available.

While on campus, the participants interact with five or six resident faculty artists for the duration of the program, as well as five to seven visiting faculty artists, both of whom are selected by Skowhegan’s Board of Governors. Participants are not allowed to bring family or friends with them to Skowhegan, nor are visitors allowed on campus. Lectures by faculty artists, which are generally held on Fridays, are open to the public.
GE Aviation Systems
GE Aviation Systems (formerly Smiths Aerospace) is an American aerospace engineering, aircraft engine and aircraft parts manufacturer.

Smiths Aerospace was formerly one of four business units of Smiths Group plc., an engineering company and constituent of the FTSE 100 share index. However, it was announced on January 15, 2007 that Smiths Group was divesting Smiths Aerospace to General Electric for US $4.8 billion. Smiths Aerospace, which was an important supplier, became an operating subsidiary of GE Aviation. This acquisition reportedly gives the combined unit the clout to resist pricing pressures from its two largest customers, Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Airbus. Analysts further assert that it will enable General Electric to acquire assets similar to those it desired in its failed bid for Honeywell in 2000. GE Aviation completed the transaction on May 4, 2007.

Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA) is a division of the Boeing Company and designs, assembles, markets, and sells commercial aircraft, including the 737, 767, 777, and 787, along with freighter and business jet variants of most. The division employs nearly 35,000 people, many working at the company's division headquarters in Renton, Washington, or at more than a dozen engineering, manufacturing, and assembly facilities, notably the Everett Factory and Renton Factory (both outside of Seattle), and the South Carolina Factory.

It includes the assets of the Douglas Aircraft division of the former McDonnell Douglas Corporation, which merged with Boeing in 1997. As of the end of 2021, BCA employed about 35,926 people.
Musa Halilu Ahmed
Musa Halilu-Ahmed OFR, also known as Dujima or Musa Yola (born May 13, 1976), is a Nigerian businessman and politician. He is the Dujuma of Adamawa State, a highly revered traditional title that dates back to the old Borno Empire during the 18th century in Nigeria. He is the Chairman of TILT Group, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Nigeria with diversified investments spanning key business sectors of the African economy, including energy, construction, engineering, agriculture, and technology.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.
Vincent Boudreau
Vincent Gordon Boudreau is a political scientist who is has been the 13th president of the City College of the City University of New York since December 2017.

Prior to his appointment as president, in 2016, he was appointed interim president following the resignation of Lisa Staiano-Coico. At the time, he was the dean of City College’s Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership.

Lisa Staiano-Coico
Lisa Frances Staiano-Coico (born February 26, 1956) is an American microbiologist. She served as the 12th president of the City College of the City University of New York from 2010 to 2016.

A graduate of Brooklyn College 1976, Coico became the first City University of New York alumna appointed to head the City College of New York. Coico resigned on October 7, 2016, amidst federal and state investigations into her finances.
Retropharyngeal abscess
Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an abscess located in the tissues in the back of the throat behind the posterior pharyngeal wall (the retropharyngeal space).  Because RPAs typically occur in deep tissue, they are difficult to diagnose by physical examination alone. RPA is a relatively uncommon illness, and therefore may not receive early diagnosis in children presenting with stiff neck, malaise, difficulty swallowing, or other symptoms listed below. Early diagnosis is key, while a delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to death. Parapharyngeal space communicates with retropharyngeal space and an infection of retropharyngeal space can pass down behind the esophagus into the mediastinum. RPAs can also occur in adults of any age.

RPA can lead to airway obstruction or sepsis – both life-threatening emergencies. Fatalities normally occur from patients not receiving treatment immediately and suffocating prior to knowing that anything serious was wrong.

Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10, in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.
Wynnella silvicola
Wynnella silvicola is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae, order Pezizales. It was described by Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau in 1884. The fungus forms distinctive upright fruit bodies 5–10 centimetres high, with a deep blood-red to purple-brown spore-bearing surface contrasting with a smooth outer surface that is reddish brown above and pale yellow at the base. It grows in coniferous and occasionally oak woodlands on calcareous soils across Europe and North America, with only a single confirmed record in Britain from an early 20th-century collection at Roslin, Scotland.

Helvellaceae
The Helvellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi, the best-known members of which are the elfin saddles of the genus Helvella. Originally erected by Elias Magnus Fries in 1823 as Elvellacei, it contained many genera. Several of these, such as Gyromitra and Discina, have been found to be more distantly related in a molecular study of ribosomal DNA by mycologist Kerry O'Donnell in 1997, leaving a much smaller core clade now redefined as Helvellaceae. Instead, this narrowly defined group is most closely related to the true truffles of the Tuberaceae. Although the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008) considered the Helvellaceae to contain six genera and 63 species, genetic analysis has shown that Leucangium, previously classified in this family, is more closely related to the Morchellaceae.
2018 Lewisham East by-election
A by-election was held in the UK Parliament constituency of Lewisham East on 14 June 2018, following the resignation of Labour MP Heidi Alexander. It was the second by-election held during the 2017 UK Parliament, which was elected in June 2017.

The election was won by Janet Daby of the Labour Party with 50.2% of the vote, on a significantly reduced majority for her party.

Mayor of Lewisham
The mayor of Lewisham is a directly elected mayor responsible for the executive function of Lewisham London Borough Council in London. The role was established in 2002 following a referendum the previous year.

Damien Egan resigned the post on 10 January 2024 in order to contest the 2024 Kingswood by election. In the resulting by-election, Brenda Dacres was elected as Egan's successor.
Raftsundet
Raftsundet (Norwegian) or Ráktanuorri (Northern Sami) is a strait in Nordland county, Norway. The 25-kilometre (16 mi) long strait runs between the islands of Hinnøya and Austvågøya, mostly in Hadsel Municipality, but the southern end is in Vågan Municipality. The strait is crossed by the Raftsund Bridge near the northern mouth of the strait. The Trollfjorden is a small fjord that branches off the strait to the west and it is a well-known tourist attraction.  The island of Stormolla lies at the southern mouth where the strait joins the Vestfjorden.

Vågan Municipality
Vågan (Northern Sami: Vuogát) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Lofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Svolvær. Some of the villages in Vågan include Digermulen, Gimsøysand, Gravermarka, Henningsvær, Hopen, Kabelvåg, Kleppstad, Laupstad, Liland, Skrova, Straumnes, and Sydalen.

The 479-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) municipality is the 209th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågan Municipality is the 117th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,793. The municipality's population density is 20.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (53/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Niki Rattle
Niki Rattle (born 1951) was Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament from  22 May 2012 to 15 February 2021.

Rattle was born in Manihiki. She is a Registered Nurse. Before her appointment she served as Secretary of the Cook Islands Red Cross for 18 years. She was appointed Speaker by Prime Minister Henry Puna on 22 May 2012.

Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament
The Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament is the presiding officer of the Cook Islands Parliament.  The speaker manages the House in accordance with its standing orders and according to the traditions of the Westminster system.

The current Speaker is Tai Tura.
Matsudaira Chikayoshi
Matsudaira Chikayoshi (松平 近説); (January 10, 1829 – November 11, 1886) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period who served as daimyō of the Funai Domain (Bungo Province, 21,000 koku). Served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa Shogunate, including that of wakadoshiyori. Resigning from the family headship in 1871, he went into retirement.

Funai Domain
Funai Domain (府内藩, Funai-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now southern Ōita Prefecture. It was centered around Funai Castle in what is now the city of Ōita and was ruled by the fudai daimyō Ogyū-Matsudaira clan for most of its history.
1998 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1998 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 33rd edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 11 March to 18 March 1998. The race started in Sorrento and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Rolf Järmann of the Casino team.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
Marguerite Chapuy
Marguerite Chapuy (21 July 1852, Bordeaux – 23 September 1936, Dijon) was a French operatic soprano and the daughter of a former dancer at the Opéra. Her short professional career was concentrated on Paris but included appearances in London; she created several roles at the Opéra-Comique.

The Barber of Seville
The Barber of Seville, or The Useless Precaution (Italian: Il barbiere di Siviglia, ossia L'inutile precauzione [il barˈbjɛːre di siˈviʎʎa osˈsiːa liˈnuːtile prekautˈtsjoːne]) is an opera buffa (comic opera) in two acts composed by Gioachino Rossini with an Italian libretto by Cesare Sterbini. The libretto was based on Pierre Beaumarchais's French comedy The Barber of Seville (1775). The premiere of Rossini's opera (under the title Almaviva, o sia L'inutile precauzione) took place on 20 February 1816 at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, with designs by Angelo Toselli.

Rossini's Barber of Seville is considered to be one of the greatest masterpieces of comedy within music, and has been described as the opera buffa of all "opere buffe". After two centuries, it remains a popular work.
Poincaré metric
In mathematics, the Poincaré metric, named after Henri Poincaré, is the metric tensor describing a two-dimensional surface of constant negative curvature. It is the natural metric commonly used in a variety of calculations in hyperbolic geometry or Riemann surfaces.

There are three equivalent representations commonly used in two-dimensional hyperbolic geometry. One is the Poincaré half-plane model, defining a model of hyperbolic space on the upper half-plane. The Poincaré disk model defines a model for hyperbolic space on the unit disk. The disk and the upper half plane are related by a conformal map, and isometries are given by Möbius transformations.  A third representation is on the punctured disk, where relations for q-analogues are sometimes expressed.  These various forms are reviewed below.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
King Edward the Fourth and a Tanner of Tamworth
King Edward the Fourth and a Tanner of Tamworth (Roud 248, Child 273) is an English-language folk song, first published in 1564. Versions of this ballad also exist outside the Child collection. Additional copies can be found at the British Library, the University of Glasgow Library, and the Pepys Library at Magdalene College. These ballads' dates, by estimation of the English Short Title Catalogue, range from the early seventeenth century to as late as 1775. The ballad is most recognized by its opening line: "In summer time, when leaves grow green." Child describes the appeal of this ballad to be centered on the chance meeting with a king, which is also a recurring theme in tales of Robin Hood.

Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s.
Yosef Hochberg
Yosef Hochberg (Hebrew: יוסף הוכברג; 1945 – December 3, 2013) was an Israeli statistician and professor of statistics at Tel Aviv University. He is best known for the development (with Yoav Benjamini) of the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion and the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure for controlling the FDR rate, as well as Hochberg's step-up procedure for controlling the family-wise error rate.

Hochberg earned his PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1974. Pranab K. Sen was his doctoral advisor.

While on leave from Tel Aviv University, he visited the Statistics and Operations Research Department at New York University.

He became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1994. He was the seventh president of the Israeli Statistical Association.

He died on December 3, 2013.

Pranab K. Sen
Pranab Kumar Sen (7 November 1937 – 31 December 2023) was an Indian-American statistician who was a professor of statistics and the Cary C. Boshamer Professor of Biostatistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Piz Mundin
Piz Mundin is a mountain of the Samnaun Alps, located between Samnaun and Martina in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. With an elevation of 3,146 metres above sea level, Piz Mundin is one of the highest summits in the Samnaun Alps.

Martina, Switzerland
Martina (Romansh; rare German: Martinsbruck) is a village in the Lower Engadine valley, in Graubünden, Switzerland. Its border crossing leads to Nauders in Austria. The village was a part of the municipality of Tschlin, it's now a part of Valsot municipality.

The most common language spoken here is Vallader, the local dialect of Romansch.
2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on April 26.

Pennsylvania Democratic Party
The Pennsylvania Democratic Party (PADems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and is the largest political party in the state. Its chair is Eugene DePasquale.

As of 2025, it controls two out of five statewide offices including the governorship, one U.S. Senate seat, 7 out of 17 U.S. House seats, and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Along with the Pennsylvania Republican Party, it is one of the two major parties in the state.
Italian Air Force Band
The Italian Air Force Band (Italian: Banda musicale dell'Aeronautica Militare) is an Italian military band representing the Italian Air Force; it is based in Rome. The band is composed of 102 non-commissioned officers and officers, as well as an archivist, in addition to the director and deputy director. When it was founded, the band was based at the 2nd Regional Area Command in Rome, until the year 1995, in which it passed its administrative dependencies to the Air Force General Affairs Department.

Italian Air Force
The Italian Air Force (Italian: Aeronautica Militare; AM, lit. 'military aeronautics') is the air force of the Italian Republic. The Italian Air Force was founded as an independent service arm on 28 March 1923 by King Victor Emmanuel III as the Regia Aeronautica ("Royal Air Force"). After World War II, when Italy became a republic following a referendum, the Regia Aeronautica was given its current name. Since its formation, the service has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. The acrobatic display team is the Frecce Tricolori.
Kerma (physics)
In radiation physics, kerma is an acronym for "kinetic energy released per unit mass" (alternately, "kinetic energy released in matter", "kinetic energy released in material", or "kinetic energy released in materials"), defined as the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (i.e., indirectly ionizing radiation such as photons and neutrons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample. It is defined by the quotient
.

Health physics
Health physics, also referred to as the science of radiation protection, is the profession devoted to protecting people and their environment from potential radiation hazards, while making it possible to enjoy the beneficial uses of radiation. Health physicists normally require a four-year bachelor’s degree and qualifying experience that demonstrates a professional knowledge of the theory and application of radiation protection principles and closely related sciences. Health physicists principally work at facilities where radionuclides or other sources of ionizing radiation (such as X-ray generators) are used or produced; these include research, industry, education, medical facilities, nuclear power, military, environmental protection, enforcement of government regulations, and decontamination and decommissioning—the combination of education and experience for health physicists depends on the specific field in which the health physicist is engaged.
Thuri language
Thuri (Turi) is a Luo language of South Sudan. The number of speakers is unknown; 6,600 were reported in 1956 (Tucker and Bryan).

Bodho is said to be a dialect, but has also been reported to be closer to Luwo.

Jur language
Luwo (Luo, Dheluwo), is a language spoken by the Luo people of Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan. The language is predominantly spoken in the western and northern parts of Bahr el Ghazal. The Luwo form a majority in the Jur River County.

The language is part of the Luo languages of East Africa and is especially related to the languages of South Sudan such as Anyuak and Päri with whom it forms a dialect cluster.