hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JWalk
JWalk is a unit testing toolkit for the Java programming language. Created by Anthony Simons, JWalk supports a testing paradigm called Lazy Systematic Unit Testing.  This is based on the two notions of lazy specification, the ability to infer the evolving specification of a class on the fly by dynamic analysis, and systematic testing, the ability to explore and test the class's state space exhaustively to bounded depths.

Unit testing
Unit testing, a.k.a. component or module testing, is a form of software testing by which isolated source code is tested to validate expected behavior.

Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at the integration or system level.
Arenysuchus
Arenysuchus (meaning "Arén crocodile") is an extinct monospecific genus of allodaposuchid eusuchian crocodylomorph from Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian stage) deposits of north Spain. It is known from the holotype MPZ ELI-1, a partial skull from Elías site, and from the referred material MPZ2010/948, MPZ2010/949, MPZ2010/950 and MPZ2010/951, four teeth from Blasi 2 site. It was found by the researchers José Manuel Gasca and Ainara Badiola from the Tremp Formation, in Arén of Huesca, Spain. It was first named by Eduardo Puértolas, José I. Canudo and Penélope Cruzado-Caballero in 2011 and the type species is Arenysuchus gascabadiolorum.

Lacrimal bone
The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. They each have two surfaces and four borders. Several bony landmarks of the lacrimal bones function in the process of lacrimation. Specifically, the lacrimal bones help form the nasolacrimal canal necessary for tear translocation. A depression on the anterior inferior portion of one bone, the lacrimal fossa, houses the membranous lacrimal sac. Tears, from the lacrimal glands, collect in this sac during excessive lacrimation. The fluid then flows through the nasolacrimal duct and into the nasopharynx. This drainage results in what is commonly referred to a runny nose during excessive crying or tear production. Injury or fracture of the lacrimal bone can result in posttraumatic obstruction of the lacrimal pathways.
Knight–Mangum House
The Knight–Mangum House is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The mansion was built in the old English Tudor style, completed in 1908. It was built for Mr. W. Lester Mangum and his wife Jennie Knight Mangum. Mrs. Mangum was the daughter of the famous Utah mining man, Jesse Knight. The lot was purchased for $3,500 and the home was built at a cost of about $40,000. The Mangum family was able to afford the home due to the fact that they had sold their shares in Jesse Knight's mine located in Tintic, Utah, for eight dollars a share. They had purchased the shares for only twenty cents a share, so the excess allowed them enough funds to purchase the home. The contractors for the home were the Alexandis Brothers of Provo.

Jesse Knight
Jesse Knight (6 September 1845 – 14 March 1921) was an American mining magnate, one of relatively few Latter-day Saints in 19th century Western America to find major success in the field.

After the death of his father Newel Knight, Jesse's family was poor throughout his youth. As a young man, he worked as a prospector and discovered the Humbug Mine in the Tintic Mining District near Eureka, Utah in 1896. As the Humbug proved profitable, he acquired other mines in the vicinity, including the Uncle Sam, Beck Tunnel, Iron Blossom, and Colorado mines.  After making his fortune, Knight went on to found the Latter Day Saint settlement of Raymond, Alberta, Canada. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Miguel Zugastegui
Miguel Zugastegui y Verduzco, O.F.M. (or Zugasti, 14 February 1773 – 3 May 1809) was a Criollo Franciscan friar and revolutionary, who took part in early stages of the independence movement of Mexico. He is honored in Mexico as a martyr of the struggle for independence from Spain.

Real Audiencia
A Real Audiencia (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal awˈðjenθja]), or simply an Audiencia (Catalan: Reial Audiència, Audiència Reial, or Audiència), was an appellate court in Spain and its empire. The name of the institution literally translates as Royal Audience. The additional designation chancillería (or cancillería, Catalan: cancelleria, English: chancellery) was applied to the appellate courts in early modern Spain. Each audiencia had oidores (Spanish: 'judges', literally, 'hearers'").
Kenta Tateyama
Kenta Tateyama (born December 26, 1990) is a Japanese former professional basketball player who last played for the Saitama Broncos of the B3 League in Japan. He was referred as a genius by Akita's former head coach Kazuo Nakamura.

Kazuo Nakamura (basketball)
Kazuo Nakamura (中村 和雄, Nakamura Kazuo, born December 4, 1940) is a former professional basketball head coach for Hamamatsu, Akita and Niigata and a former college basketball head coach for Akita Keizaihoka University in Japan. Nakamura always said to players, "Play basketball with all your heart." He admires Mike Krzyzewski and Bob Knight.  Nakamura also served for the San Antonio Silver Stars as a scout in Asia. He currently teaches amateurs in Akita prefecture.
Floor timber
In wooden ships, floor timber is the support below the flooring plank. As modern ships are not made of timber, the same concept is known by several names; bulkhead, transversal frame or side girder. This steel framing is usually made with lightening holes. If floor timbers lay tight between the floor and the hull, bulkhead compartments are created.

In modern ships, the inside space at the bottom produced by transversal frames are called bilges in plural, singular for the external side or bilge.

Bilge
The bilge (pronounced as /bɪldʒ/) of a ship or boat is the part of the hull that would rest on the ground if the vessel were unsupported by water. The "turn of the bilge" is the transition from the bottom of a hull to the sides of a hull.

Internally, the bilges (usually used in the plural in this context) is the lowest compartment on a ship or seaplane, on either side of the keel and (in a traditional wooden vessel) between the floors.

The first known use of the word is from 1513.
Nederland, Overijssel
Nederland is a hamlet in the Steenwijkerland municipality in Overijssel, Netherlands. It has a population of about 15. 'Nederland' is the Dutch name for the Netherlands. Because of the comical value of the toponym, roadsigns with the name 'Nederland' are stolen frequently.

It was first mentioned between 1830 and 1855 as 't Nederland, and means "low-lying land". Nederland has a statistical entry, and its own postal code. Originally, it was only accessible by boat. In 1840, it was home to 182 people, and was a peat excavation village.

The Dutch beer company Bavaria has used Nederland in a commercial. In the commercial two men are giving away beer in the hamlet. It ends with (in translation): Bavaria, popular throughout Nederland.

The hamlet was pictured on a Dutch postage stamp.

An old name sign, long since stolen.

signs of agglomeration

Two storks in Nederland

Steenwijkerland
Steenwijkerland (Dutch: [steːɱˌʋɛikərˈlɑnt] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Stienwiekerlaand or Steenwiekerlaand) is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, in the eastern Netherlands. Prior to a name change in 2003, it was known as Steenwijk.

The municipality forms the entire northwesterly corner of the province. This area is called "the Head of Overijssel" (in Dutch: de Kop van Overijssel). It borders the province Friesland. 
The seat of the municipality, Steenwijk, with a population of about 17,100, is situated on the A32 motorway (Zwolle – Meppel – Leeuwarden) and has a railway station on the line connecting those same cities.
Axis system
In music, the axis system is a system of analysis originating in the work of Ernő Lendvai, which he developed in his analysis of the music of Béla Bartók.

The axis system is "concerned with harmonic and tonal substitution", and posits a novel type of functional relationship between tones and chords. Lendvai's analyses aim to show how chords and tones related by the intervals of a minor third and tritone can function as tonal substitutes for one another, and do so in many of Bartók's compositions.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Shanghai Tobacco Group
Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary of state-owned China Tobacco. The company produced Chunghwa, Double Happiness, Zhongnanhai and other brands. The company is also a minority shareholder of Bank of Communications, Orient Securities, Haitong Securities and China Pacific Insurance Company via Shanghai Haiyan Investment Management.

Zhongnanhai (cigarette)
Zhongnanhai (Chinese: 中南海; pinyin: Zhōngnánhǎi) is a Chinese brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Beijing Tobacco Corporation. The name Zhongnanhai is also that of a central government complex in Beijing.
Marston Vale line
The Marston Vale line is the line between Bletchley and Bedford in England, a surviving remnant of the former Varsity Line between Oxford and Cambridge, most of which was closed in the late 1960s. The line is sponsored by the Marston Vale community rail partnership. The line is to be adopted and upgraded as part of East West Rail, a project underway to re-establish the Oxford–Cambridge route.

West Midlands Trains
WM Trains Limited, doing business as West Midlands Trains, is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter and local services in the West Midlands region and on the West Coast Main Line between London and the Northwest under two trading names: within the West Midlands region as West Midlands Railway (WMR) and outside the region as London Northwestern Railway (LNR). It assumed responsibility  for these services on 1 February 2026 at the conclusion of the outsourcing contract previously placed with Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co.
History of theatre
The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. While performative elements are present in every society, it is customary to acknowledge a distinction between theatre as an art form and entertainment, and theatrical or performative elements in other activities. The history of theatre is primarily concerned with the origin and subsequent development of the theatre as an autonomous activity. Since classical Athens in the 5th century BC, vibrant traditions of theatre have flourished in cultures across the world.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
1972 FAMAS Awards
The 20th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held in 1972 for the Outstanding Achievements for the year 1971.

Lilet, a Velarde and Associates Productions  won the most awards with 6 wins including the FAMAS Award for Best Picture and Best Actress for Celia Rodriguez.

FAMAS Award for Best Picture
The FAMAS Award for Best Picture is one of the FAMAS Awards, awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Award, which are voted on by Palanca Award-winning writers and movie columnists, writers and people in the film industry (directors, actors, producers, technicians, crew etc.). The Best Picture FAMAS has always been considered the most important and top prize, and has been awarded by Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences ever since the first ceremony in 1953.

The FAMAS Award winner for Best Picture is usually the most prestigious selection of the best Filipino motion picture of the year. The FAMAS Best Pictures are held in high regard as the FAMAS is the equivalent of the Academy Awards in the Philippines.
Human performance modeling
Human performance modeling (HPM) is a method of quantifying human behavior, cognition, and processes. It is a tool used by human factors researchers and practitioners for both the analysis of human function and for the development of systems designed for optimal user experience and interaction . It is a complementary approach to other usability testing methods for evaluating the impact of interface features on operator performance.

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) is an interdisciplinary non-profit professional organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., within the so-called Potomac Chapter of the organization. Founded in 1957, HFES now claims 4500 members worldwide. HFES has 67 active chapters throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe; 42 of these are student chapters, and 23 are technical groups.

Members of HFES address a broad spectrum of issues arising in the growing field of human factors and ergonomics. In addition to the Human Factors journal, produced by an independent contractor, HFES publishes the ANSI/HFES-100 standard for ergonomic workstation setups, approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 2007.

It was founded as the Human Factors Society of America.
Summit Lake Ski Area
Summit Lake Ski Area is operated by the Nakusp Ski Club Association, a non-profit, volunteer-run society. Located at the lake and community of the same name, 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Nakusp, British Columbia, Canada, in that province's Arrow Lakes-Slocan region. The hill, located at the east end of the lake adjacent to BC Hwy 6 has a T-Bar and rope tow and a daylodge with cafeteria with rentals and lessons. The area features night skiing, snowboarding and a cross-country ski/ snowshoe trail.

Average annual snowfall is 3.8 m (12 ft), with a vertical drop of 152 m (499 ft) on 12 hectares (30 acres). There are eight runs, the longest of which is 152 m (499 ft).

Nakusp
The Village of Nakusp (/nəˈkʌsp/) is located south of the mouth of Kuskanax Creek, on the Upper Arrow Lake in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. Lying between the Selkirk and Monashee ranges, the village is known for its nearby hot springs and picturesque mountain lakeside setting.
Southern California faults
Most of central and northern California rests on a crustal block (terrane) that is being torn from the North American continent by the passing Pacific plate of oceanic crust.  Southern California lies at the southern end of this block, where the Southern California faults create a complex and even chaotic landscape of seismic activity.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.
Karuk traditional narratives
Karuk traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Karuk (Karok) people of the Klamath River basin of northwestern California.

The published record of Karuk oral literature is an unusually rich one, thanks to the efforts of Alfred L. Kroeber, John Peabody Harrington, William Bright, and others. Karuk narratives, together with those of the neighboring Yurok and Hupa, are distinctive from that of most of California, but show strong influences from the Northwest Coast region. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

Stephen Powers
Stephen Powers (1840–1904) was an American journalist, ethnographer, and historian of Native American tribes in California.  He traveled extensively to study and learn about their cultures, and wrote notable accounts of them.  His articles were first published over a series of years in the Overland Monthly journal, but collected in The Tribes of California (1877) published by the US Geological Survey.
Holden Commodore (VX)
The Holden Commodore (VX) is a full-size car that was produced by Holden from 2000 to 2002, and 2000 to 2003 for Statesman/Caprice (WHII) and Holden Ute (VU) models. It was the second iteration of the third generation of the Commodore. Its range included the luxury variants, Holden Berlina (VX) and Holden Calais (VX), and it formed the basis for a new generation Holden Ute (VU) coupé utility and Holden Monaro (V2) coupé.

The VX series was produced between October 2000 and September 2002, as a minor restyling update to the VT series from 1997. It introduced greater model differentiation along with gains in crash safety. An intermediate Series II was launched in August 2001, featuring a revised suspension system among other changes.

Automotive lighting
Automotive lighting is functional exterior lighting in vehicles. A motor vehicle has lighting and signaling devices mounted to or integrated into its front, rear, sides, and, in some cases, top. Various devices have the dual function of illuminating the road ahead for the driver, and making the vehicle visible to others, with indications to them of turning, slowing or stopping, etc., with lights also indicating the size of some large vehicles.

Many emergency vehicles have distinctive lighting equipment to warn drivers of their presence.
Mazinger U.S.A. Version
Mazinger, later called Mazinger U.S.A. Version or Mazinger U.S. Version to avoid confusions with the rest of the Mazinger works, is a 60 pages comic series created by Go Nagai specifically for the US market. Sometimes it is also called incorrectly Mazinwarrior or MazinSaga, since its Mazinger's design is similar to the Mazinger of MazinSaga. It features full-color graphics, text in English and left-to-right formatting. It is the second comic created by Go Nagai for the US market after Oni (published in 1983). It is partially inspired by Gulliver's Travels.

MazinSaga
MazinSaga (Japanese: マジンサーガ, Hepburn: Majinsāga) is a Japanese manga created by Go Nagai and based on Mazinger. It was originally serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump from 1991 to 1992 (with a one-shot chapter also published in the summer 1992 issue of Bears Club Natsunogo), with its chapters collected in three tankōbon volumes. Fushosa republished the series in 1997, and continued it with three additional volumes (totaling six volumes) until 1998. The series is unfinished, although Nagai stated in 2007 that it would be resumed in the future.
Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.

Vertex (geometry)
In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes), also called a corner, is a point where two or more curves, lines, or line segments meet or intersect. For example, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the point where edges of polygons and polyhedra meet are vertices.
Allan Bloom
Allan David Bloom (September 14, 1930 – October 7, 1992) was an American philosopher, classicist, and academician. He studied under David Grene, Leo Strauss, Richard McKeon, and Alexandre Kojève. He subsequently taught at Cornell University, the University of Toronto, Tel Aviv University, Yale University, the École normale supérieure, and the University of Chicago.

Bloom championed the idea of Great Books education and became famous for his criticism of contemporary American higher education, with his views being expressed in his bestselling 1987 book, The Closing of the American Mind. Characterized as a conservative in the popular media, Bloom denied the label, asserting that what he sought to defend was the "theoretical life". Saul Bellow wrote Ravelstein, a roman à clef based on Bloom, his friend and colleague at the University of Chicago.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Amaya Drive station
Amaya Drive station is a San Diego Trolley station served by the Orange and Green lines in the San Diego suburb of La Mesa, California. It serves mainly as a park and ride stop for the surrounding community.

Green Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Green Line is a 19.8-mile (31.9 km) light rail line in the San Diego Trolley system, operated by San Diego Trolley, Inc. an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The route serves downtown San Diego, Mission Valley, and the cities of La Mesa and El Cajon. The Green Line has the second highest ridership of the San Diego Trolley's three core lines, transporting 13,673,926 riders during FY 2014 - according to MTS.

The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, the others being the Blue, Orange, Copper, and Silver ("heritage weekend" service only) lines.
Prussian Quartets (Mozart)
The Prussian Quartets are a set of three string quartets, nos. 21–23 (K. 575, 589, 590), nicknamed 'Prussian', composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between 1789 and 1790 and dedicated to the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm II. They were posthumously published in December 1791 by Artaria as Op. 18, only a few weeks after Mozart's death. Although not considered on a par with the earlier, more famous Haydn Quartets (K. 387, 421, 428, 458, 464, 465), these pieces are noted for their beauty, equilibrium amongst the instruments and the exceptional prominence and cantabile nature of the cello part (the instrument played by the king himself). These are also the only pieces in this genre that Mozart composed 'to order', i.e. as a commission from a royal patron.

Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm II.; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death in 1797. He was also Prince-elector of Brandenburg and Prince of Neuchâtel.

As a defensive reaction to the French Revolution, Frederick William II ended the German Dualism between Prussia and Austria. Domestically, he turned away from the enlightened style of government of his predecessor and introduced a tightened system of censorship and religious control. The king was an important patron of the arts especially in the field of music. As a skilled cellist he enjoyed the dedication of various cell centric compositions by composers Mozart, Haydn, Boccherini, and Beethoven. He was also responsible for some of the most notable architecture in Prussia, including the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, the Marble Palace, and Orangery in the New Garden, Potsdam.