hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teodorów, Gmina Będków
Teodorów [tɛɔˈdɔruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będków, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Będków, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 26 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Będków, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Będków [ˈbɛntkuf] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Będków. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 30 km (19 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in Łęczyca Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Brzeziny County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Yasugi Ichirizuka
The Yasugi Ichirizuka  (安来一里塚) is a historic Japanese distance marker akin to a milestone, comprising a pair of earthen mounds located in what is now the Yasugi neighborhood of the city of Yasugi, Shimane Prefecture in the San'in region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1936.

Yasugi, Shimane
Yasugi (安来市, Yasugi-shi) is a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 35,965 in 14257 households and a population density of 85 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 420.93 square kilometres (162.52 sq mi).
About Us (novel)
About Us is a novel by the American writer Chester Aaron set in 1930s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of the Kahns, a Jewish family who run a small general store in the fictional village of Sundown, a coal patch in Butler County, Pennsylvania outside of Pittsburgh. The protagonist is Benny Kahn, who is eight years old when the novel begins. His coming-of-age is portrayed against the backdrop of the events of Great Depression through World War II.

Butler County, Pennsylvania
40°55′N 79°55′W﻿ / ﻿40.91°N 79.91°W﻿ / 40.91; -79.91

Butler County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 193,763. Its county seat is Butler. Butler County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named in honor of General Richard Butler, a hero of the American Revolution. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Kong Asgers Høj
Kong Asgers Høj is a large passage grave on the island of Møn in Denmark.

The megalithic structure dated to Neolithic Funnel Beaker culture. The grave consists of a chamber (10 m long by 2 m wide) with a long passage (7.5 m long). This type of graves is found primarily in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, and occasionally in France and the Netherlands.

Study of King Asger Høj began in 1839, when the Danish merchant Gustav Hage tried to find a treasure but found it empty. The grave is structurally untouched since ancient times, but may have been cleared then. It was used as Secondary burial for Corded Ware culture period.

Møn
Møn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈmøˀn]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark. Until 1 January 2007, it was a municipality in its own right but it is now part of the municipality of Vordingborg, after merging with the former municipalities of Langebæk, Præstø, and Vordingborg. This has created a municipality with an area of 615 km2 (237 sq mi) and a total population of 46,307 (2005). It belongs to the Region Sjælland ("Zealand Region"). Møn is one of Denmark's most popular destinations for tourists with its white chalk cliffs, countryside, sandy beaches and the market town of Stege. In June 2017, UNESCO designated Møn as Denmark's first biosphere reserve, consisting of "a series of islands and islets in the southern Baltic Sea, over approximately 45,118 hectares (111,490 acres). Its landscapes include woodlands, grasslands, meadows, wetlands, coastal areas, ponds and steep hills."
Washington State Route 823
State Route 823 (SR 823) is a state highway in Yakima County, Washington, United States. It runs for 5.6 miles (9.0 km) from an interchange with U.S. Route 12 (US 12) and through the city of Selah to a junction with SR 821. A portion of the highway runs in the median of Interstate 82 (I-82), its parent route, as it crosses the Naches River.

SR 823 was established by the state government in 1984, running from I-82 to downtown Selah. It replaced earlier city and county roads built in the late 19th century and rebuilt several times in the early 20th century alongside an interurban railway. The north half of the route was built by the county in the 1970s and added to SR 823 in 1991. The section through downtown Selah was later rerouted onto a truck bypass built by the state in 2011, eliminating an extra turn in the route.

Yakima Valley Transportation Company
The Yakima Valley Transportation Company (YVT Co.) was an interurban electric railroad headquartered in Yakima, Washington. It was operator of the city's streetcar system from 1907–1947, and it also provided the local bus service from the 1920s until 1957.
Mahler Symphony No. 4 (Claudio Abbado 1978 recording)
The many recorded versions of Mahler's Symphony No. 4 include a 57-minute studio album that the operatic mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade recorded with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra under the direction of Claudio Abbado. It was released in 1978.

Mahler Symphony No. 4 discography
This is a discography of audio recordings of Gustav Mahler's Fourth Symphony. The symphony premiered at the Kaim-Saal in Munich on 25 November 1901. The symphony's first recording in 1930 by Hidemaro Konoye and the New Symphony Orchestra of Tokyo is the first electrical recording of any Mahler symphony.

The tabular list below is of recordings by symphony orchestras of Mahler's full score.  A separate list is provided, below the primary list of recordings of the full orchestra version, of chamber ensemble reductions of the work, principally of the version for 15 players by Erwin Stein.
Mod ruby
mod_ruby is a module that embeds the Ruby interpreter into the Apache web server to allow Ruby code to execute natively, faster than other CGI methods. Its drawback is that the characteristic sharing of classes among Apache processes is not safe for multiple applications (e.g., multiple Ruby on Rails applications running simultaneously).

There is also the similar mod_mruby for mruby, a lightweight Ruby implementation.

As of at least 2015, the project seems to no longer be under active development.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Lady of Elche
The Lady of Elche (Spanish: Dama de Elche, Valencian: Dama d'Elx)  is a limestone bust that was discovered in 1897 in La Alcudia, an archaeological site on a private estate two kilometers south of Elche, Spain. It is now exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain in Madrid.

It is generally known as an Iberian artifact from the 4th century BC, although the artisanship suggests strong Hellenistic influences. According to The Encyclopedia of Religion, the Lady of Elche is believed to have a direct association with Tanit, the goddess of Carthage, who was worshiped by the Punic-Iberians.

Elche
Elche or Elx (officially: Elx / Elche) is a city and municipality of Spain, belonging to the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community. With of 242,317 inhabitants as of 2024, it is the 3rd-most populated municipality in the region. It is part of the comarca of Baix Vinalopó.

Part of the municipality is coastal yet the city proper is roughly 15 km (9 mi) away from the Mediterranean Sea. Elche is the centre of the footwear industry in Spain. The main airport of the province of Alicante (Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport) is located inside Elche's municipality, and it serves both Elche and Alicante, being the fifth-busiest airport in Spain.

Together with Alicante and other municipalities, Elche forms a conurbation of around 0.8 million inhabitants. The city is noted for its urban Palm Grove, designated as World Heritage Site.
Christine Jarrett
Christine Jarrett (12 January 1923 – 19 November 1998), also known as "Teeny Jarrett" was an American professional wrestling promoter. She is known for her work with promoters Nick Gulas and Roy Welch in the Mid-Southern United States.

She began working in ticket sales, promoting local events in Tennessee and also worked at the Nashville Hippodrome for NWA Mid-America.

When her son Jerry Jarrett opened up his own promotion Continental Wrestling Association in 1977, she became his partner.

She was posthumously awarded by the Cauliflower Alley Club in 2022.

Promoter (entertainment)
A promoter works with event production and entertainment industries to promote their productions, including in music and sports. Promoters are individuals or organizations engaged in the business of marketing and promoting live, or pay-per-view and similar events, such as music concerts, gigs, nightclub performances and raves, sports events, and festivals.
Sindiso Magaqa
Sindiso Magaqa (died 4 September 2017) was a South African politician from KwaZulu-Natal. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), he was assassinated while serving as a local councillor in Umzimkhulu Local Municipality. He was formerly the secretary general of the ANC Youth League from June 2011 to April 2012, when he was found guilty of misconduct and suspended from the party for a year.

Harry Gwala District Municipality
The Harry Gwala District Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wesiFunda sase Harry Gwala; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Harry Gwala), formerly the Sisonke District Municipality, is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The seat is Ixopo. The majority of its 298,392 inhabitants spoke isiZulu as of 2011. The district code is DC43. The district's name was changed in November 2015 in honor of African National Congress leader Harry Gwala.
Halle Tony Garnier
The Halle Tony Garnier is an arena and concert hall in Lyon, France. It was designed by Tony Garnier in 1905. Originally a slaughterhouse, the building was renovated in 1987 and opened as a concert hall in 1988. With a standing capacity of nearly 17,000, it is the third biggest venue in France after the Accor Arena and Paris La Défense Arena.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Iris adriatica
Iris adriatica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Dalmatia region of Croatia in Europe. It has short sickle shaped leaves, small stem and flowers that vary from yellow to purple or violet. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris (plant)
Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

The often-segregated, monotypic genera Belamcanda (blackberry lily, I. domestica), Hermodactylus (snake's head iris, I. tuberosa), and Pardanthopsis (vesper iris, I. dichotoma) are currently included in Iris.

Three Iris varieties are used in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Averbode (publisher)
Uitgeverij Averbode is a Belgian publisher of books, comics, and magazines. The company is located in Averbode and is part of the Averbode Abbey. It has changed its name a few times since its foundation in 1877.

Jean Ray (author)
Jean Ray is the best-known pseudonym among the many used by Raymundus Joannes de Kremer (8 July 1887 – 17 September 1964), a prolific Belgian (Flemish) writer. Although he wrote journalism, stories for young readers in Dutch by the name John Flanders, and scenarios for comic strips and detective stories, he is best known for his tales of the fantastique written in French under the name Jean Ray. Among speakers of English, he is famous for his macabre novel Malpertuis (1943), which was filmed by Harry Kümel in 1971 (starring Orson Welles). He also used the pseudonyms John Flanders, King Ray, Alix R. Bantam and Sailor John, among others.
Universal IR Evaluation
In computer science, Universal IR Evaluation  (information retrieval evaluation) aims to develop measures of database retrieval performance that shall be comparable across all information retrieval tasks.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
South Harwich Methodist Church
The South Harwich Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church building in South Harwich, Massachusetts, USA.  Built in 1836, it is a well-preserved example of a typical Cape Cod church of the first half of the 19th century.  It was the town's second Methodist meeting house, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

South Harwich, Massachusetts
South Harwich is a village of Harwich in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States and is located within the Harwich Port Census-designated place. South Harwich is home to much history and attractions, such as the South Harwich meeting house or the Red River Beach.
Absorption (logic)
Absorption is a valid argument form and rule of inference of propositional logic. The rule states that if  implies , then  implies  and . The rule makes it possible to introduce conjunctions to proofs. It is called the law of absorption because the term  is "absorbed" by the term  in the consequent. The rule can be stated:

where the rule is that wherever an instance of "" appears on a line of a proof, "" can be placed on a subsequent line.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Thadäus König
Thadäus König (born 15 June 1982) is a German politician from Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) who was elected to the Landtag of Thuringia in 2019. He has served as President of the Landtag of Thuringia since September 2024.

Landtag of Thuringia
The Landtag of Thuringia is the parliament of the German state of Thuringia. It convenes in Erfurt and currently consists of 88 members from five parties. According to the free state's constitution, the primary functions of the Landtag are to pass laws, elect the Minister-President and control the government of Thuringia.
Linguistic homeland
In historical linguistics, the homeland or Urheimat (/ˈʊər.haɪ.mɑːt/, OOR-hye-maht; from German ur- 'original' and Heimat 'home') of a proto-language is the region in which it was spoken before splitting into different daughter languages. A proto-language is the reconstructed or historically attested parent language of a group of languages that are genetically related.

Depending on the age of the language family under consideration, its homeland may be known with near-certainty (in the case of historical or near-historical migrations) or it may be very uncertain (in the case of deep prehistory). Next to internal linguistic evidence, the reconstruction of a prehistoric homeland makes use of a variety of disciplines, including archaeology and archaeogenetics.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Topoli (film)
Topoli (in Persian: تپلی, literally: The Fatty) is a 1972 Iranian film directed by Reza Mirlohi. Morteza Aghili and Homayun play the main characters of the film. The script is based on the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. The film is dedicated to John Steinbeck. The character of Topoli is loosely based on Lennie Small of Of Mice and Men as Essi is the Iranian version of George Milton in the novel.

Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men is a 1937 novella written by American author John Steinbeck. It describes the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, as they move from place to place in California, searching for jobs during the Great Depression.

Steinbeck based the novella on his own experiences as a teenager working alongside migrant farm workers in the 1910s, before the arrival of the Okies whom he would describe in his novel The Grapes of Wrath.  The title is taken from Robert Burns' poem "To a Mouse": "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley" ("The best-laid plans of mice and men / Often go awry").

Although the book is taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censorship and book bans for vulgarity and for what some consider offensive and racist language. Consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of the 21st Century.
Josefina Méndez
Josefina Méndez (nickname Yuyi; 8 March 1941 – 26 January 2007) was a Cuban ballet dancer and ballet mistress. Along with Loipa Araújo, Aurora Bosch, and Mirta Plá, she is regarded as one of the "Four jewels of Cuban ballet". Her style was noted for poetic play with subtlety and discipline. She was a principal artist with the Cuban National Ballet (Ballet Nacional de Cuba; BNC). She received the National Order of the Legion of Honour of France.

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).
Caseless ammunition
Caseless ammunition (CL), or caseless cartridge, is a configuration of weapon-cartridge that eliminates the cartridge case that typically holds the primer, propellant and projectile together as a unit. Instead, the propellant and primer are fitted to the projectile in another way so that a cartridge case is not needed, for example inside or outside the projectile depending on configuration.

Caseless ammunition is an attempt to reduce the weight and cost of ammunition by dispensing with the case, which is typically precision made of brass or steel, as well as to simplify the operation of repeating guns by eliminating the need to extract and eject the empty case after firing. Its acceptance has been hampered by problems with production expenses, heat sensitivity, sealing, and fragility. Its use to date has been mainly limited to prototypes and low-powered guns, with some exceptions.

Percussion cap
The percussion cap, percussion primer, or caplock, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the caplock mechanism or percussion lock system which used percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the gunpowder charge in  rifles and cap and ball firearms. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. Any long gun with a cap-lock mechanism and rifled barrel is a percussion rifle. Cap and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot.
12 de Octubre metro station
12 de Octubre is a Panama Metro station on Line 1. Construction of the station began on 17 March 2012 and it was one of the first 11 stations when the metro began operations on 6 April 2014. It is the first of six elevated stations when travelling towards the San Isidro terminus.

Located in the district of the same name, the station is the closest to Panamá Viejo, the original site of Panama city. In its first year of operations, 12 de Octubre was the eighth most used station of the twelve on the network at that time, carrying 8% of the system's users at peak times.

San Isidro metro station
San Isidro is a Panama Metro station on Line 1. It was open on 15 August 2015 as the northern terminus of an extension of Line 1 from Los Andes. On 25 April 2024, the line was extended to Villa Zaita, and San Isidro ceased to be the terminus.  It is an elevated station.

San Isidro station is located in San Miguelito District, above Highway 3, in San Isidro neighborhood.