hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Popular sovereignty in the United States
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Citizens may unite and offer to delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wish to serve as officers of the state, contingent on the officers agreeing to serve according to the will of the people. In the United States, the term has been used to express this concept in constitutional law. It was also used during the 19th century in reference to a proposed solution to the debate over the expansion of slavery in the United States. The proposal would have given the power to determine the legality of slavery to the inhabitants of the territory seeking statehood, rather than to Congress.

Consent of the governed
In political philosophy, consent of the governed is the idea that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is justified and lawful only when consented to by the people or society over which that political power is exercised. This theory of consent is starkly contrasted with the divine right of kings and has often been invoked against the legitimacy of colonialism. Article 21 of the United Nations' 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government".
Lithuania at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Lithuania participated at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, held between 12 and 27 February 1994. The country's participation in the Games marked its third appearance at the Winter Olympics after its debut in the 1928 Games. The Lithuanian team consisted of six athletes who competed in three sports. Povilas Vanagas served as the country's flag-bearer during the opening ceremony. Lithuania did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal previously.

Biathlon at the 1994 Winter Olympics – Men's individual
The men's 20 kilometre individual biathlon competition at the 1994 Winter Olympics was held on 20 February, at Birkebeineren Ski Stadium.  Each miss resulted in one minute being added to a competitor's skiing time.
Vienna New Year's Concert
The Vienna New Year's Concert (Neujahrskonzert der Wiener Philharmoniker) is an annual concert of classical music performed by the Vienna Philharmonic on the morning of New Year's Day in Vienna, Austria. The concert occurs at the Musikverein at 11:15. The orchestra performs the same concert programme on 30 December, 31 December, and 1 January but only the last concert is broadcast every year on radio and television.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
Coastal Georgia
Coastal Georgia is a ten-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia, bordering South Carolina and Florida. It comprises a substantial portion of the state's Lower Coastal Plain. The region's largest city and metropolitan area is Savannah. Coastal Georgia's total population was 731,630 according to the 2020 United States census.

Camden County, Georgia
Camden County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2020 census, its population was 54,768. Its county seat is Woodbine, and the largest city is Kingsland. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created February 5, 1777. It is the 11th-largest county in the state of Georgia by area, and the 41st-largest by population.

Camden County comprises the Kingsland, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area (USA), formerly known as the St. Marys, Georgia USA, which is included in the Jacksonville—Kingsland—Palatka, Florida–Georgia Combined Statistical Area.
Groove Coaster
Groove Coaster (Japanese: グルーヴコースター, Hepburn: Gurūvu Kōsutā) is a series of iOS / Android and arcade rhythm game franchise developed by Matrix Software and published by Taito.  The first Groove Coaster was released for iOS on July 28, 2011. The game follows a musical roller coaster-type track on screen, where players must make the appropriate controller inputs. Like many rhythm games, a life bar is attached to the gameplay. Depending on the input timing, players gain or lose points on the long percentage bar at the top-right of the screen.

Matrix Software
Matrix Corporation (株式会社マトリックス, Kabushiki gaisha Matorikkusu), commonly referred to as Matrix Software, is a Japanese video game developer located in Tokyo. Founded in July 1994 by former members of Climax Entertainment and Telenet Japan, the company has since created games for a number of systems beginning with their action-adventure game title Alundra in April 1997. Matrix has teamed with other developers such as Square Enix and Chunsoft to produce games for existing franchises such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest, as well as other anime and manga properties. In addition to game console development, Matrix Software has also made games for various Japanese mobile phone brands since 2001.
2009 Arbil governorate election
Governorate or provincial elections are due to be held in Arbil Governorate in 2009 to replace the governorate council elected in the Iraqi governorate elections of 2005. The remaining governorates outside Iraqi Kurdistan held elections on 31 January 2009. The election will follow the 2009 Iraqi Kurdistan legislative election.

2009 Kurdistan Region general election
General elections were held in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq on 25 July 2009 to elect a president and the 111 members of the National Assembly. Around 2.5 million people were eligible to vote, although those outside the region were not allowed to vote. The elections had originally been scheduled to take place on 19 May, but were delayed until 25 July. A referendum to approve the constitution of Kurdistan Region originally planned for the same day was delayed until 1 August, and eventually cancelled.

Campaigning for the elections officially started on 22 June 2009 and was to be stopped 48 hours before voting started. The elections were held with 84 registration centers and 5,403 polling stations in Kurdistan Region and 5 polling stations in Baghdad.
2008 NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament
The 2008 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship was the 27th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The championship game was played at Johnny Unitas Stadium in Towson, Maryland during May 2008. All NCAA Division I women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship, and a total of 16 teams were invited to participate.

Northwestern defeated Penn 10–6 to win their fourth overall, as well as fourth straight, national championship. This would subsequently become the fourth of Northwestern's seven national titles in eight years (2005–2009, 2011–12).

The leading scorer for the tournament was Hilary Bowen from Northwestern (23 goals). Bowen was also named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.

NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament
The NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament is annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion women's collegiate lacrosse among its Division I members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1982, except for 2020.

Maryland Terrapins have been the most successful program, with fourteen titles.

North Carolina is the reigning national champions, winning their fourth title in 2025.
Ira Allen Chapel
Ira Allen Chapel is a secular chapel on the campus of the University of Vermont (UVM), which is located on the northeast corner of the "University Green" in Burlington, Vermont.

The building was constructed during 1925–26, and dedicated on January 14, 1927. It was added to National Register of Historic Places as part of University Green Historic District on April 14, 1975.

William M. Kendall
William Mitchell Kendall (February 13, 1856 – August 8, 1941) was an American architect who spent his career with the New York firm of McKim, Mead & White, the leading American architectural practice at the turn of the century, renowned for its classical work. Kendall joined the firm in 1882, became a partner in 1906, and remained with the firm until his death in 1941. He was closely associated at the firm with partner Charles Follen McKim until McKim's death in 1909, and added a refined delicacy to McKim's somewhat severe Roman classicism.
Southern District (South Australian Legislative Council)
Southern District was an electoral district for the Legislative Council of South Australia from 1882 until 1975. Prior to the passing of the Constitution Act Further Amendment Act 1881, the Legislative Council was 18 members elected by people from across the entire Province. From 1975, the Council returned to being elected from the entire state (the province had become a state of Australia in 1901).

At its creation in 1882, the Southern District consisted of seven  electoral districts for the South Australian House of Assembly - Onkaparinga, Noarlunga, Mount Barker, Encounter Bay, Albert, Victoria and East Torrens. It covered the area of the Adelaide Hills, Fleurieu Peninsula and the south east of South Australia.

Electoral district of Noarlunga
Noarlunga was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1857 to 1902.

Noarlunga was also the name of an electoral district of the unicameral South Australian Legislative Council from 1851 until its abolition in 1857, William Peacock being the elected member.

The Noarlunga area is currently represented between the seats of Mawson and Kaurna.

Rural at the time, Noarlunga would now be considered metropolitan.
Letter of transmittal
In economics, a letter of transmittal is a type of cover letter that accompanies a document, such as a financial report or security certificate.

It is a business letter and is formatted accordingly. It should include the recipient's address, the sender's address, distribution list, a salutation and closing. It typically includes why it should receive the reader's consideration, and what the reader should do with it.  The transmittal letter provides the recipient with a specific context in which to place the larger document or certificate and simultaneously gives the sender a permanent record of having sent the material.

In the financial field it is used by security holders to accompany certificates surrendered in an exchange or corporate action.

Cover letter
A cover letter, covering letter, motivation letter, motivational letter, or a letter of motivation is a letter of introduction attached to or accompanying another document such as a résumé or a curriculum vitae.
Ambient 1: Music for Airports
Ambient 1: Music for Airports is a studio album by the English musician Brian Eno. It was released in February 1979 through E.G. Records and Polydor Records. It was the first Eno album released under the label of ambient music, a genre intended to "induce calm and a space to think" while remaining "as ignorable as it is interesting". While not Eno's earliest entry in the style, it is credited with coining the term.

The album consists of four compositions created by layering tape loops of differing lengths, and was designed to be continuously looped as a sound installation, with the intent of defusing the anxious atmosphere of an airport terminal as an alternative to "canned" Muzak and easy listening styles. The album was the first of four albums released in Eno's Ambient series, which concluded with 1982's Ambient 4: On Land.

In 2004, Rolling Stone credited Music for Airports with defining the ambient genre. In 2016, Pitchfork ranked it the greatest ambient album of all time.

Motif (music)
In music, a motif (/moʊˈtiːf/ ⓘ) or motive is a short musical idea, salient recurring figure, musical fragment, or succession of notes that has some special importance in or is characteristic of a composition. The motif is the smallest structural unit possessing thematic identity.
Tyrone Spong
Tyrone Clinton Spong (born 3 September 1985) is a Surinamese-Dutch professional boxer and mixed martial artist and former kickboxer. As a boxer, he held the WBC and WBO Latino heavyweight titles in 2018. In kickboxing, he is the former WFCA cruiserweight champion, Glory 95kg Slam Champion and It's Showtime 95MAX World champion.

2014 in Glory
The year 2014 was the 3rd year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing event. 2014 starts with Glory 14: Zagreb, and ends with Glory 18: Oklahoma. The events were broadcast through television agreements with Spike TV and other regional channels around the world.
George B. Marsh Building
The George B. Marsh Building is a historic building in Nogales, Arizona. It was built between 1905 and 1914 for businessman George B. Marsh, and designed in the Chicago school architectural style. The first building completed was the post office in 1905, followed by the George B. Marsh Building for Fulton Market in July 1905, the George B. Marsh Building in 1906, and the Oasis Printing Building in 1911. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 29, 1985.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 53 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 that are also National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 29, 2025.
Nanpeng Islands
Nanpeng Islands (simplified Chinese: 南澎列岛; traditional Chinese: 南澎列島; pinyin: Nánpēng Lièdǎo) are a chain of islands located in the north of South China Sea, administered by Nan'ao County, Shantou, Guangdong, the People's Republic of China. They were formerly known to foreigners as the Lamock Islands. Nanpeng Islands consist of six islands: Nanpeng Island, Zhongpeng Island, Dingpeng Island (also known as Dongpeng Island or Yazaiyu Island), Qinpeng Island, Chizaiyu Island and Qiweiyu Island. Nanpeng Islands have two baseline points of the Chinese territorial sea.

No resident lives in the Nanpeng Islands except a garrison of the People's Liberation Army. It became a National Marine Ecological Nature Reserve in 2012, as well as a Ramsar site in 2015.

Nan'ao County
Nan'ao (simplified Chinese: 南澳县; traditional Chinese: 南澳縣; pinyin: Nán'ào Xiàn), formerly romanized Namoa, is an island and county of the prefecture-level city of Shantou in Guangdong Province, China. The county spans a land area of 114.74 square kilometres (44.30 sq mi), and sea area of 4,600 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi). As of 2020, the county had a permanent population of approximately 64,429.
FC Slovan Hlohovec
FC Slovan Hlohovec (full name: Futbalový club Slovan Hlohovec) is a Slovak football club based in the town of Hlohovec in the Trnava Region.

The club plays its home games in the Štadión Slovan Hlohovec.

5. Liga
5. liga (5th league) is a shared name for all fifth-tier football leagues in Slovakia. The name currently belongs to 7 leagues, all are run by their respective regional football associations (FAs). The leagues' names also contain the abbreviation of the regional FA they are run by as well as a group (location) identifiers if needed.
John McCallum
John McCallum PC (9 April 1950 – 21 June 2025) was a Canadian politician, economist, diplomat and university professor. A onetime Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), McCallum served as the Canadian Ambassador to China from 2017 until being asked to resign by Prime Minister Trudeau in 2019. As an MP, he represented the electoral district of Markham—Thornhill and had previously represented Markham—Unionville and Markham. He was a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

A veteran federal politician who began his political career in 2000, McCallum served in the governments of Liberal prime ministers Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin, and Justin Trudeau. McCallum was previously appointed Secretary of State (International Financial Institutions), Minister of National Defence, Minister of Veterans Affairs, and Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship.

Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner
The Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner of Canada is an entity of the Parliament of Canada. The commissioner is an independent officer of Parliament, who administers the Conflict of Interest Act and the Conflict of Interest Code for Members of the House of Commons and is supported in this role by the Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner. The position came into effect on July 9, 2007, with the coming into force of the Conflict of Interest Act. This act, in turn, was enacted as part of the Federal Accountability Act.

The current commissioner is Konrad von Finckenstein having served since August 30, 2023. The previous commissioner was Martine Richard having served for several weeks in the spring 2023, before resigning. Mary Dawson (2007-2018) and Mario Dion (2018-2023) both previously held the role.
Ministry of Magic
The Ministry of Magic is a fictional government of the British wizarding community in the fictional universe of Harry Potter for Britain and Ireland. It is led by an official called the Minister for Magic, and is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Throughout the novels, it is regularly depicted as corrupt, elitist and completely incompetent, with its high-ranking officials blind to ominous events and unwilling to take action against threats to wizard society. In Order of the Phoenix, Dolores Umbridge was placed at Hogwarts to observe the happenings within the school (acting as a ministry plant), and prevent the spread of news concerning the return of Lord Voldemort. It reaches a zenith of corruption, before being effectively taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the final book, following Lord Voldemort's death, Kingsley Shacklebolt is revealed to have become the Minister of Magic with no systemic change taking place

Places in Harry Potter
The fictional universe of Harry Potter contains numerous settings for the events in the novels, films and other media of the Harry Potter and the Fantastic Beasts series. These locations are divided into four main categories: residences, education, commerce, and government.
2010 USA Sevens
The 2010 USA Sevens took place on February 13 and February 14 at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the fourth Cup trophy in the 2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series. It was the first edition of the USA Sevens to be held in the Las Vegas area; the tournament had been hosted by the Los Angeles suburb of Carson, California from 2004 to 2006, and by San Diego from 2007 to 2009. The USA Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens.

Samoa won the Cup final 33–12 over New Zealand. Samoa was led by Mikaele Pesamino, who scored 11 tries in the tournament, including two intercept tries against New Zealand in the final.
The Plate went to defending series champion South Africa, the Bowl was won by the homestanding USA, and the Shield went to Scotland.

2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series
The 2009–10 IRB Sevens World Series was the eleventh of an annual series of rugby union sevens tournaments for full national sides run by the International Rugby Board since 1999–2000. Samoa won the IRB Sevens World Series crown for their first time.

Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format. However, the most famous event, the Hong Kong Sevens, is played over three days, largely because it involves 24 teams instead of the normal 16.

The 2009-10 Series was won by Samoa, who won four of the eight tournaments and placed second in two others. Samoa were led by top try-scorer Mikaele Pesamino, who led the Series with 56 tries.
Oxgangs
Oxgangs is a suburb in the south-west of Edinburgh, Scotland. 
Surrounding districts include Caiystane, Dreghorn, Redford, Fairmilehead, Colinton and Swanston and Colinton Mains. The post code area for Oxgangs is EH13.

Colinton
Colinton is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) southwest of the city centre. Up until the late 18th century it appears on maps as Collington. It is bordered by Dreghorn to the south and Craiglockhart to the north-east. To the north-west it extends to Lanark Road (the A70) and to the south-west to the City Bypass. Bonaly is a subsection of the area on its southern side.

Colinton is a designated conservation area.
History of Toulouse
The history of Toulouse, in Occitania, southern France, traces back to ancient times. After Roman rule, the city was ruled by the Visigoths and 
Merovingian and Carolingian Franks. Capital of the County of Toulouse during the Middle Ages, today it is the capital of the Midi-Pyrénées region.

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in  Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the Pyrenees Mountains on the west, the Cévennes to the north, the Alps on the east, and the Gulf of Lion on the south; the province included the majority of the Rhone catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as Septimania. The province was a valuable part of the Roman Empire, owing to the Greek colony and later Roman Civitas of Massalia, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.
Gmina Karnice
Gmina Karnice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Karnice, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Gryfice and 76 km (47 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 133.14 square kilometres (51.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,172.

Gryfice
Gryfice (pronounced Gri-fitse [ɡrɨˈfʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Greifenberg) is a historic town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 16,600 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The town is situated approximately 22 kilometres from the Baltic Sea coast and seaside resorts.
Timeline of entomology – prior to 1800
Entomology, the scientific study of insects and closely related terrestrial arthropods, has been impelled by the necessity of societies to protect themselves from insect-borne diseases, crop losses to pest insects, and insect-related discomfort, as well as by people's natural curiosity. Though many significant developments in the field happened only recently, in the 19th–20th centuries, the history of entomology stretches back to prehistory.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.