hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marquess of Huntly
Marquess of Huntly is a title in the Peerage of Scotland that was created on 17 April 1599 for George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly. It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland, and the second-oldest in the British Isles; only the English marquessate of Winchester is older. The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles: Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne (1660; Peerage of Scotland), and Baron Meldrum, of Morven in the County of Aberdeen (1815; Peerage of the United Kingdom).

Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon
Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, KT (18 June 1743 – 17 June 1827), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1752, was a British Army officer who was described by Lord Kames as the "greatest subject in Britain". He was also known as the "Cock o' the North", the traditional epithet of the chief of Clan Gordon.
Battle of Elizabeth City
The Battle of Elizabeth City of the American Civil War was fought in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Roanoke Island. It took place on 10 February 1862, on the Pasquotank River near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The participants were vessels of the U.S. Navy's North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, opposed by vessels of the Confederate Navy's Mosquito Fleet; the latter were supported by a shore-based battery of four guns at Cobb's Point (now called Cobb Point), near the southeastern border of the town. The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Major General Ambrose E. Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition. The result was a Union victory, with Elizabeth City and its nearby waters in their possession, and the Confederate fleet captured, sunk, or dispersed.

CSS Sea Bird
CSS Sea Bird was a sidewheel steamer in the Confederate States Navy.

Sea Bird was built at Keyport, New Jersey in 1854, was purchased by North Carolina at Norfolk, Virginia in 1861 and fitted for service with the Confederate States Navy. She was assigned to duty along the Virginia and North Carolina coasts with Lieutenant Patrick McCarrick, CSN, in command. Sea Bird served as the flagship of Confederate Flag Officer William F. Lynch's "Mosquito Fleet" during the hard-fought battles in defense of Roanoke Island on February 7–8, 1862, and Elizabeth City, North Carolina, on February 10 when she was rammed and sunk by USS Commodore Perry. Her casualties were two killed, four wounded, and the rest captured.
Ann E. Rondeau
Ann Elisabeth Rondeau is a retired United States Navy vice admiral. During her tenure in the navy, she received two Defense Distinguished Service Medals, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and four Legion of Merit awards. Rondeau was the president of National Defense University and, after serving as the president of the College of DuPage, was chosen by United States Secretary of the Navy Richard V. Spencer to be president of the Naval Postgraduate School in 2019.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 and is presented to Sailors and Marines to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. The Navy Distinguished Service Medal was originally senior to the Navy Cross, until August 1942 when the precedence of the two decorations was reversed.  Currently, it is worn after the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and before the Silver Star Medal.
Tauquir Ahmed
Tauquir Ahmed (born 5 March 1966) is a Bangladeshi architect and actor, turned director in both television and cinema. His films won many international and national awards including Bangladesh National Film Awards in the Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Story categories for the films Joyjatra (2004) and Oggatonama (2016).

Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director
National Film Award for Best Director (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is the highest award for film directors in Bangladesh, presented annually at Bangladesh National Film Awards ceremony by the Ministry of Information. It is given in honour of a film director who has exhibited excellence directing in Bangladeshi cinema. Since 1975, the award is given annually except in 1981, 1998 and 2003. It is presented by the President of Bangladesh at a ceremony held in Dhaka.

The 1st National Film Awards ceremony was held in 1976, and Narayan Ghosh Mita was the first awardee of this category for directing the film Lathial (1975).

Since its inception, a total of 43 awards have been given to 32 directors. A. J. Mintu has received the most awards in this category with four, following Sheikh Niamat Ali three times. 2017 best director, producer & Screenplay writer Reazul Rezu. As of the 2023 ceremony, Rubaiyat Hossain is the recent winner in this category for the film Shimu (2022).
Tropaeolum tuberosum
Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua, see below for other names) is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, grown in the Andes, particularly in Peru and Bolivia, and to a lesser extent in Ecuador as well as in some areas of Colombia, for its edible tubers, which are eaten cooked or roasted as a vegetable. It is a minor food source, especially for native Amerindian populations. Mashua is a herbaceous perennial climber growing to 2–4 m (7–13 ft) in height. It is related to garden nasturtiums, and is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental for its brightly coloured tubular flowers. The leaves are peltate, roundly five-lobed with a petiole that twines weakly but is not truly a tendril. The root is tuberous.

Tropaeolum majus
Tropaeolum majus, the garden nasturtium, nasturtium, Indian cress or monk's cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae. An annual or a short-lived perennial with disc-shaped leaves and brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers, it is of cultivated, probably hybrid origin. It is not closely related to the genus Nasturtium (which includes watercress).
Cheepurupalli
Cheepurupalli is a census town in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The town is located 30 km to the north of Vizianagaram. The town covers an area of 348 hectares with a population of 78,000 according to the 2011 census.

The town’s location on the Howrah-Chennai railway line has aided the town in becoming a center of administration, education and entertainment for the surrounding villages.

Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram, also known as Vijayanagaram, is a city and the headquarters of the Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Eastern Ghats, about 24 km (15 mi) west of the Bay of Bengal and 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Visakhapatnam. The city has a population of 228,025 and was established as the capital of the Vizianagaram estate by Raja Vijayaram Raj from the Pusapati dynasty. The rulers had a notable role in the history of the region in the 18th century and were patrons of education and arts.
The Big Sky (film)
The Big Sky is a 1952 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and written by Dudley Nichols, based on the novel of the same name by A.B. Guthrie Jr. The film does not have the same tragic ending as the book. The cast includes Kirk Douglas, Dewey Martin, Elizabeth Threatt and Arthur Hunnicutt, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Though not considered among Hawks's major achievements by most critics, the film was chosen by Jonathan Rosenbaum for his alternative list of the Top 100 American Films.

The Big Sky (novel)
The Big Sky is a 1947 Western novel by A. B. Guthrie Jr.  It is the first of six novels in Guthrie's sequence dealing with the Oregon Trail and the development of Montana from 1830, the time of the mountain men, to "the cattle empire of the 1880s to the near present."

The first three books of the six in chronological story sequence (but not in the sequence of publishing) – The Big Sky, Fair Land, Fair Land, and The Way West – are in themselves a complete trilogy, starting in the 1830s and ending in the 1870s.
2020 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy
The 2020 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and a WTA Premier tournament on the 2020 WTA Tour. The tournament was held between 10 February and 16 February 2020.

St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy
The St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy (Russian: Трофей Санкт-Петербурга, romanized: Trofey Sankt-Peterburga; formerly known as the Ladies Neva Cup) was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on indoor hardcourts. The event was classified as a WTA 500 tournament and was first held in St. Petersburg in 2003 until 2022.
Harmony (operating system)
Harmony is an experimental computer operating system (OS) developed at the National Research Council Canada in Ottawa. It is a second-generation message passing system that was also used as the basis for several research projects, including robotics sensing and graphical workstation development. Harmony was actively developed throughout the 1980s and into the mid-1990s.

National Research Council Canada
The National Research Council Canada (NRC; French: Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development. It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada.

The Minister of Industry is responsible for the NRC.
Sheriff Mustapha Dibba
Sheriff Mustapha Dibba (10 January 1937 – 2 June 2008) was a Gambian politician who was the 1st Vice-President of the Gambia from 1970 to 1972 and the Speaker of the National Assembly of the Gambia from 2002 to 2006. He was also the founding leader of the National Convention Party (NCP).

Vice-President of the Gambia
The vice president of the Republic of the Gambia is the second highest political position in the Gambia. The office was created in April 1970, with the passing of the republican Constitution of the Gambia following the republic referendum. The vice president is appointed by the president and acts as constitutional successor of the president in the event of a vacancy.

The current vice president is Muhammad B. S. Jallow, who was appointed on 24 February 2023 following the death of his predecessor Badara Joof.
Kleffman v. Vonage Holdings Corp.
Kleffman v. Vonage Holdings Corp., 232 P.3d 625 (Cal. 2010), is a 2010 Supreme Court of California case certified by United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The decision ruled that sending unsolicited advertisement emails (commonly known as "spam") using multiple domain names was not unlawful under California Business and Professions Code section 17529.5, subdivision (a)(2), which made it unlawful to advertise in a commercial email advertisement that contained or was accompanied by falsified, misrepresented, or forged header information.

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law.  The rules of preemption seek to restrict it to only where it is explicit or necessary. In the course of adjudicating cases, the issue of preemption may be heard in either state or federal court.
Van Cortlandt Village
Van Cortlandt Village is a subsection of the Kingsbridge neighborhood in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 8. Named after Van Cortlandt Park, it is bordered by the Major Deegan Expressway to the west, the Jerome Park Reservoir to the east, West 238th Street to the south, and Van Cortlandt Park to the north. Its ZIP Code is 10463.

Bx1 and Bx2 buses
The Bx1 and Bx2 are two bus routes that run on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx, New York City. The routes, which are operated by MaBSTOA, also follow Sedgwick Avenue and Mosholu Parkway for a short distance at their northern end. As the numbers suggest, these were the first two bus routes in the Bronx.
Haunted Lighthouse
R.L. Stine's Haunted Lighthouse is a 2003 short 4-D film. It debuted in several United States theme parks, including SeaWorld San Diego and SeaWorld San Antonio. The film was created by Busch Entertainment Corporation and Lookout Entertainment. It is the first 3-D film featured at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.

The film was shot in 3D using a 5 perforation/70mm format. The effects in the show include water/air jets and seats wired with special effects (buzzers), remote speakers, and other tactile elements. The ending features water cannons mounted under the screen which soak many people in the theater.

4D film
4D film is a presentation system combining motion pictures with synchronized physical effects that occur in the theater. Effects simulated in 4D films include motion, vibration, scent, rain, mist, bubbles, fog, smoke, wind, temperature changes, and strobe lights. Seats in 4D venues vibrate and move.

As of 2022, 4D films have been exhibited in more than 65 countries. 4D motion pictures are also exhibited in theme parks.
Ahlowal
Ahlowal is a town in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, 80 km from Lahore.

Its district is Kasur and its tehsil is Pattoki. It is 2 km from Changa Manga, a major man-made forest.

The native language is Punjabi and the principal occupation is agriculture, with the main crops  being sugarcane, tobacco, turmeric, corn, cotton, and particularly potato. Ahlowal is rich in the latest technology like 4G internet technology, electricity, telephonic system. It has produced many professors, engineers, doctors.

Pattoki
Pattoki (Urdu: پتّوكى) is a city in the Kasur District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It serves as the headquarters of Pattoki Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Kasur District. Pattoki is recognized as the 'City of Flowers' due to its abundance of floral diversity. However, it remains a significantly neglected city in terms of administrative support, with demands persisting for its elevation to district status, especially given its considerable distance from Kasur city, which serves as the headquarters of the Kasur district.
Pilgrimage of the Relics, Maastricht
The Pilgrimage of the Relics or Maastricht Septennial Pilgrimage (Dutch: Heiligdomsvaart van Maastricht) is a seven-yearly Catholic event in the Dutch city of Maastricht. Originating in the Middle Ages, it developed from a pilgrimage to the grave of Saint Servatius into the present-day religious, historical, cultural and commercial enterprise. Highlights in the programme are the displaying or unveiling of the relics in the main churches and secondly, the processions with the town's main relics. The next pilgrimage will take place in 2025.

Lambert of Maastricht
Lambert of Maastricht, commonly referred to as Saint Lambert (Latin: Lambertus; Middle Dutch: Sint-Lambrecht; Limburgish: Lambaer, Baer, Bert(us); c. 636 – c. 705), was the bishop of Maastricht-Liège (Tongeren) from about 670 until his death. Lambert denounced Pepin's liaison with his mistress or bigamous wife Alpaida, the mother of Charles Martel. The bishop was murdered during the political turmoil that developed when various families fought for influence as the Merovingian dynasty gave way to the Carolingians. His feast day is September 17.
1958 NAIA World Series
The 1958 NAIA World Series was the second annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played at Kokernot Field in Alpine, Texas, near the campus of Sul Ross State College.

San Diego State defeated Southwestern State (OK) in the championship game, 23–9, to win the Aztecs' first NAIA World Series.

Sul Ross State player Al Miranda, meanwhile, was named tournament MVP.

The tournament field increased by four teams from the inaugural event, growing from eight to twelve teams.

Alpine, Texas
Alpine (/ˈælpaɪn/ AL-pyne) is a city in and the county seat of Brewster County, Texas, United States.  Its population was 6,035 at the 2020 census. The town has an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m), and the surrounding mountain peaks are over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. A university, hospital, library, and retail make Alpine the center of the sprawling 12,000 square miles (3,108,000 ha) but wide-open Big Bend area (combined population 12,500) including Brewster, Presidio, and Jeff Davis Counties.
Technopoly
Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology is a book by Neil Postman published in 1992 that describes the development and characteristics of a "technopoly". He defines a technopoly as a society in which technology is deified, meaning "the culture seeks its authorisation in technology, finds its satisfactions in technology, and takes its orders from technology". It is characterised by a surplus of information generated by technology, which technological tools are in turn employed to cope with, in order to provide direction and purpose for society and individuals.

Postman considers technopoly to be the most recent of three kinds of cultures distinguished by shifts in their attitude towards technology – tool-using cultures, technocracies, and technopolies. Each, he says, is produced by the emergence of new technologies that "compete with old ones…mostly for dominance of their worldviews".

Mary Tiles
Mary Tiles (born March 6, 1946) is an American philosopher and historian of mathematics and science. From 2006 until 2009, she served as chair of the philosophy department of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She retired in 2009.
1975 U.S. Clay Court Championships
The 1975 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a combined men's and women's Grand Prix tennis tournament held in Indianapolis in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from August 4 through August 11, 1975. Third-seeded Manuel Orantes won the men's singles title and the accompanying $16,000 first prize money while Chris Evert won the women's singles title.

1975 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters, Davis Cup Final and Nations Cup are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.

The men's schedule started in December 1974 with the Australian Open and continued in May 1975 following the conclusion of the rival 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit which ran from January to early May.
Pramod Tandon
Pramod Tandon is an India Plant Biotechnologist and academic.  He is a former Professor of Botany & Vice-Chancellor of  North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong and Chief Executive Officer of Biotech Park, Lucknow. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour Padma Sri in 2009, for his contributions to science.

Indian Science Congress Association
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started in the year 1914 in Calcutta and it meets annually in the first week of January. It has a membership of more than 30,000 scientists.

The first Indian Science Congress was held in 1914 at the Asiatic Society in Calcutta. After attracting various speech-related controversies in recent years, the association established a policy that requires speakers at future conferences to be vetted and scrutinizes the content of their talks.

Several prominent Indian and foreign scientists, including Nobel laureates, attend and speak in the congress.
Big Brave
Big Brave (stylized as BIG | BRAVE) is a Canadian experimental metal band formed in Montreal in 2012. The band consists guitarist/vocalist Robin Wattie, guitarist Mathieu Ball, and drummer Tasy Hudson.

The Body (band)
The Body is an American experimental metal duo that was formed in 1999 in Providence, Rhode Island by guitarist/vocalist Chip King and drummer/programmer Lee Buford. As of 2025, they have released eight solo full length albums as well as seventeen collaborative LPs, nine EP's, four splits, three compilations, two singles, and one collaborative live album.
Ardley Cutting and Quarry
Ardley Cutting and Quarry is a 40.1-hectare (99-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Bicester in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site and an area of 11 hectares (27 acres) is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust as Ardley Wood Quarry. The site contains a Scheduled Monument, Ardley Wood moated ringwork, a Norman defended enclosure.

The quarry and railway cutting exposes rocks dating to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic, about 167 million years ago. It is described by Natural England as  of national importance for the understanding of the Jurassic Period in Britain as it allows correlation of rocks of the Oxford area to be correlated with those of the Midlands. The site has calcareous grassland with diverse vertebrates, including the internationally protected great crested newt.

Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust
The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) is a Wildlife Trust covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire in England.

The trust was formerly called the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (BBONT).
George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs
The School of Media and Public Affairs (SMPA) at the George Washington University in Washington, DC, a school in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in journalism and political and international communication. The School's director is Frank Sesno, former CNN correspondent, creator of PBS's Planet Forward and professor.

Elliott School of International Affairs
The Elliott School of International Affairs (known as the Elliott School or ESIA) is the professional school of international relations, foreign policy, and international development of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. It is the largest school of international relations in the United States.

The Elliott School is located across from the U.S. State Department and the Organization of American States, and closely to the White House, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. It hosts the Institute for International Economic Policy and The Project on Forward Engagement.

Elliott School alumni and faculty have included ambassadors, diplomats, politicians, and public figures, including heads of state and government, U.S. senators, prominent politicians, NATO officials, U.N. ambassadors, and foreign ministers. Since January 2021, Alyssa Ayres has served as dean, the first woman to hold the post.