hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Afghan Turkmens
Afghan Turkmens or Turkmens of Afghanistan (Persian: ترکمن‌های افغانستان; Turkmen: افغان توٚرکمنلری afghan türkmenleri, [oʊˈɢɑn tʏɾkmønˈløɾʏ]) are Turkmen people who live in the north-west of Afghanistan along the border with Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, surrounded by a larger group of Afghan Uzbeks. The number of Turkmens in Afghanistan is estimated at approximately 1 million people or roughly 2-3% of the population of Afghanistan.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Maurice Harrison-Gray
Maurice Harrison-Gray (13 November 1899 – 24 November 1968), known always as 'Gray', was an English professional contract bridge player. For about thirty years from the mid-thirties to the mid-sixties he was one of the top players. As a member of the Great Britain national team he won the European Bridge League championships in 1948, 1949, 1950 and 1963. He was from London.

British Bridge League
The British Bridge League (BBL) was founded in 1931 by A. E. Manning Foster. It formerly selected bridge teams to represent Great Britain in European and World competitions and organised the Camrose Trophy, the Gold Cup, the Portland Cup and the Lady Milne Trophy.

In June 1999, the European Bridge League agreed that England, Scotland and Wales could compete as individual nations from 1 January 2000, rather than (as formerly) under the banner of Great Britain. (Other than in the Camrose Trophy, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland compete as one nation, Ireland, under the auspices of the Irish Bridge Union.)

With its responsibility for selecting a national team obsolete, the BBL was dissolved at the end of 1999 and was superseded in its organisational functions by Bridge Great Britain.
Sergey Mazayev
Sergey Vladimirovich Mazayev (Russian: Серге́й Влади́мирович  Маза́ев), also known as Mazay, is a musician, singer, songwriter and lead singer of the rock band "Moral Codex". He heads his own production, sound and publishing label Mazay Communications. Honored Artist of Russia. (2010).

Timati
Timur Ildarovich Yunusov (Russian: Тимур Ильдарович Юнусов; born 15 August 1983), better known by his stage name Timati (Russian: Ти́мати), is a Russian rapper, singer, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur.
Scientology and gender
Scientology has a complex relationship with concepts of gender roles and discrimination, as while the core beliefs of Scientology hold humans to consist of genderless Thetans, the Church and other Scientology organizations have frequently been noted as upholding discriminatory policies or views based on the original writings of founder L. Ron Hubbard.

Roy Wallis, in 1976 wrote in The Road to Total Freedom that the Scientologist population was 59% male and 41% female, a number referenced on The Auditor, a publication of the Church of Scientology. In 1988, a participant observer study from the University of Copenhagen showed that the average participant in the Church of Scientology Copenhagen was a 35-year-old man. Though the numbers are not great in disparity, "they provide non-census evidence supporting the contention that more men than women become member of CoS," Tollefson and Lewis write.

Thetan
In Scientology beliefs, the concept of the thetan (/ˈθeɪtən/) is the spiritual being or self that constitutes the true identity of a person, and is distinct from the body and mind it inhabits and controls. Scientology teaches that a thetan is immortal, has lived through many past lives, does not cease to exist at body-death, and is typically reincarnated into a new body. Scientology also teaches that a thetan can temporarily separate from the body in a process known as "exteriorization". The concept forms the basis of Scientology’s understanding of consciousness, personal identity, and spiritual development. The term is derived from the Greek letter Θ, theta, which in Scientology represents "the source of life and life itself."
The Laugh Resort
The Laugh Resort was a stand-up comedy club in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. For several years it was the only competition to the Yuk-Yuks chain in downtown Toronto. Visiting comedians frequently played at the club, and it became a home of Canada's independent and more alternative comics.

The club moved from its location next to The Second City's historic Old Fire Hall to a central downtown location in the basement of the Holiday Inn on King Street in 2000 and closed in 2008 when the hotel chain was sold, and the basement space was needed to build a new luxury restaurant.

According to the club's website they are still looking for a new location.

The Second City
The Second City is an improvisational comedy enterprise. It is the oldest improvisational theater troupe to be continuously based in Chicago, with training programs and live theaters in Toronto and New York. Since its debut in 1959, it has become one of the most influential and renowned in the English-speaking world. In February 2021, ZMC, a private equity investment firm based in Manhattan, purchased the Second City.

The Second City has produced television programs in both Canada and the United States, including SCTV, Second City Presents, and Next Comedy Legend. It has been a starting point for many comedians, award-winning actors, directors, and others in show business, including Joan Rivers, Alan Alda, Harold Ramis, Bill Murray, John Candy, John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Eugene Levy, Catherine O'Hara, Chris Farley, Mike Myers, Steve Carell, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Stephen Colbert and Jason Sudeikis.
The New Space Opera
The New Space Opera is a science fiction anthology edited by Gardner Dozois and Jonathan Strahan. It was published in 2007, and includes all original stories selected to represent the genre of space opera. It includes a five-page introduction, plus a brief introduction to each of the stories, and a dedication to Jack Dann. The front and back covers include endorsements by Orson Scott Card, Charles Stross, Joe Haldeman, Vernor Vinge, and Greg Bear. Ten out of the eighteen stories in the book were selected for the Locus recommended reading list for 2007. The book won the Locus Award for Best Anthology in 2008.

The anthology was followed with The New Space Opera 2 in 2009.

Locus Award for Best Anthology
The Locus Award for Best Anthology is one of the annual Locus Awards presented by the science fiction and fantasy magazine Locus. Awards presented in a given year are for works published in the previous calendar year. The award for Best Anthology was originally presented as Best Original Anthology between 1972 and 1975, in conjunction with a Best Reprint Anthology/Collection award which evolved into the modern Best Collection award.
Israel Studies Review
The Israel Studies Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published on behalf of the Association for Israel Studies by Berghahn Books and covering the study of all aspects of society, history, politics, and culture of Israel. The journal was previously known as the Israel Studies Bulletin from 1992 to 2001 and as the Israel Studies Forum from 2001 to 2010. The editors of the journal since summer 2021 are Oded Haklai (Queen's University, Ontario, Canada) and Adia Mendelson-Maoz (The Open University of Israel, Israel). Rami Zeedan (University of Kansas, Kansas, USA) was the journal's book review editor until 2025.
In 2026, the journal began to be published in an open access format.

Berghahn Books
Berghahn Books is a New York- and Oxford-based publisher of scholarly books and academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, with a special focus on social and cultural anthropology, European history, politics, and film and media studies. It was founded in 1994 by Marion Berghahn.
2015 Tour of Belgium
The 2015 Tour of Belgium (known as the 2015 Baloise Belgium Tour for sponsorship purposes) was the 85th edition of the Tour of Belgium cycling stage race. It took place from 27 to 31 May 2015 in Belgium, and was part of the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. It was won by home rider Greg Van Avermaet, riding for the BMC Racing Team.

Tour of Belgium
The Tour of Belgium (Dutch: Ronde van België; French: Tour de Belgique) is a five-day bicycle race which is held annually in Belgium, and is part of the UCI ProSeries.

It was held annually between 1908 and 1981, except during both world wars. Between 1982 and 1990 several races were not organised and none at all from 1991 to 2001. From 2002 onwards the race has again become an annual fixture on the cycling calendar.

Following the start of the UCI ProTour in 2005 it looked like the race would merge with the Eneco Tour; however this did not happen and it became part of the UCI Europe Tour competition.
FC Brașov (1936)
Fotbal Club Brașov (Romanian pronunciation: [braˈʃov]), commonly known as FC Brașov, or simply as Brașov, was a Romanian professional football club based in the city of Brașov, Brașov County, founded in 1936 and dissolved in 2017.

Originally founded as Uzinele Astra Brașov, the team amassed 41 seasons in the top flight of Romania. Its kits were yellow and black, and it played its home matches at the Silviu Ploeșteanu Stadium.

Since 2021, there are two clubs which assert to be the continuation of the original entity—the fan-owned SR Brașov and the new FC Brașov, which is supported by the local authorities.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Qullqi Chata
Qullqi Chata (Aymara qullqi silver, Pukina chata mountain, "silver mountain", Hispanicized spelling Kholkechata) is a 4,876-metre-high (15,997 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Qullqi Chata lies south of the mountain Ch'iyar T'ikhi, west of Kimsa Chata and south-east of Taypi K'uchu. The river Jayllawaya, a tributary of Lake Titicaca, flows along its southern slope.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Maison militaire du roi de France
The maison militaire du roi de France (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ militɛʁ dy ʁwa də fʁɑ̃s], military household of the king of France) were the military branch of the Maison du Roi, the royal household of the French monarchy. Officially part of the French Royal Army, like the rest of the Maison du Roi the maison militaire was under the authority of the Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi. However, the formation depended on the ordinaire des guerres, controlled by the Secretary of State for War, for their budget. Under Louis XIV, these two officers of state were given joint command of the maison militaire.

Musketeers of the Guard
The Musketeers of the military household of the King of France (Mousquetaires de la maison militaire du roi de France or compagnie des mousquetaires du roi), also known as the Musketeers of the Guard (French: Mousquetaires de la garde) or King's Musketeers (Mousquetaires du roi), were an elite fighting company of the military branch of the Maison du Roi, the royal household of the French monarchy.
Babworth
Babworth is a village and civil parish in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England, about 2 miles west of Retford.  According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,329, rising to 1,687 at the 2011 Census, but dropping to 1,489 in 2021. In addition to the village of Babworth, the parish also includes Ranby.

Bassetlaw District
Bassetlaw is a local government district in north Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Worksop; the other towns in the district are Retford, Tuxford and Harworth Bircotes. The district also contains numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Bassetlaw is bounded to the south by the Newark and Sherwood and Mansfield districts, to the south-west by the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, to the north-west by the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham and the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, to the north by North Lincolnshire, and to the east by West Lindsey.

Bassetlaw has been a non-constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority since its estalishment in 2024.. Simultaneously, the district maintains an indirect relationship as a non-constituent member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Authority.
Vijay Nagar Assembly constituency
Vijayanagar Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency. As of 2023, it is represented by M. Krishnappa of the Indian National Congress party.

Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency
Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (Parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state, in Southern India. 
Currently the seat is held by Tejasvi Surya of Bharatiya Janata Party who won against Sowmya Reddy of Indian National Congress by a margin of 277083 votes in the 2024 Indian general election.
Sandra Moreschi
Sandra Moreschi (born December 7, 1946) is an Italian designer of Jewish ceremonial art.

Since the end of the 1980s, Sandra Moreschi has been combining symbols of the Jewish tradition with contemporary design. From 1990 to 2016 she managed a store, Saray, located in the heart of the Roman Ghetto in via Portico d'Ottavia. During this time, she collaborated with Italian artisan shops, among them the Bottega Gatti of Faenza. Her works are present in important private, museum and institutional collections.

Jewish ceremonial art
Jewish ceremonial art, also referred to as Jewish ritual art, Jewish sacred art, and Jewish liturgical art, refers to objects used by Jews for ritual purposes. Because enhancing a mitzvah by performing it with an especially beautiful object is considered a mitzvah – a praiseworthy way of honoring God's commandments – this concept is known as hiddur mitzvah. Judaism has a long tradition of commissioning ritual objects from craftsmen and artists, just as Jewish culture has a long tradition of producing ritual objects, both for Jewish ceremonial use and sale to all.

Jewish ceremonial art forms a large part of Judaica (/dʒuːˈdeɪ.ɪkə/), a general academic and art trade term for Jewish-related objects, of which other types are manuscripts, books and other printed materials, artworks in various media, and clothing.
June 2022 Chicago supercell
On June 13, 2022, an exceptionally high-topped and powerful supercell impacted the Chicago metropolitan area, with a height of 60,000–70,000 ft (18–21 km) as measured by multiple NEXRAD sites. The system, spawned from an extremely unstable environment, brought widespread severe downburst winds exceeding 80 mph (130 km/h) across Cook and DuPage counties, leading to numerous flight delays and cancellations at O'Hare International Airport. The supercell was part of the same complex of storms that produced a powerful derecho across Indiana and Ohio, where wind gusts reached 98 mph (158 km/h) at Fort Wayne International Airport. The entire storm event caused a total of 3.4 billion dollars of damage.

National Weather Service Chicago, Illinois
National Weather Service Chicago, currently based in Romeoville, Illinois, at Lewis University, is a weather forecast office responsible for monitoring weather conditions for 23 counties in Northern Illinois, the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana. The Army Signal Service established the first federal weather office in the region in Chicago on October 15, 1870. During May 1894 the Chicago Weather Bureau was given a new forecast area extending from the Great Lakes region all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The current National Weather Service Chicago is located in Romeoville and is in charge of issuing local forecasts and weather warnings for the Chicago area. It is one of only two National Weather Service offices in Illinois, the other being National Weather Service Central Illinois in Lincoln, Illinois. The National Weather Service Chicago forecast office is located adjacent to the Lewis University Airport in Romeoville, Illinois.
Adélie Cove
Adélie Cove is a 186-ha tract of ice-free land on the coast of Terra Nova Bay in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of seabirds, notably a breeding colony of about 11,000 pairs of Adélie penguins. Some 30 pairs of south polar skuas breed near the penguin colony. The nearest permanent research stations are Italy's Mario Zucchelli 9 km to the north, and South Korea's Jang Bogo 17 km to the north.

Zucchelli Station
Zucchelli Station is an Italian seasonal research station in Antarctica, located at Terra Nova Bay on a granitic headland along the coast of the Northern Foothills to the north-east of Gerlache Inlet. It has been named after Mario Zucchelli, director of the activities, which conducted for sixteen years, for the ENEA-Unità Tecnica Antartide as part of the National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA).

The main functions carried out by the Station are:

logistic support to scientific personnel operating in remote fields

logistical and operational support to the oceanographic ship

support to research activities with laboratories and instrumentation

support to personnel and material in transit for Concordia Station

support to air operations
Lew A. Nelson
Lewis A. Nelson was a former Northrop chief test pilot who took the T-38 on its maiden flight. He tested the F-89, N-156, the F-5 and the T-38, exceeding Mach 1 in each and also made the first flight of the YA-9A in 1972.  A recipient of two Distinguished Flying Crosses, the IAS Student Awards and four Air Medals, Nelson is a founding member and Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.  Throughout his career, Nelson logged over 5,000 hours on a variety of aircraft.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
Henry Ó Mealláin
Henry Ó Mealláin, O.F.M. (c. 1579 – after 1642) was an Irish Franciscan friar, and sometime Guardian of the Franciscan Friars of Armagh.

Ó Mealláin was born in Dromiskin, County Louth, and educated at the Irish College of Salamanca. He returned to Ireland in 1605 as a priest. In 1625 he was nominated for the see of Armagh, but Aodh Mac Aingil was chosen instead.

He has been mistaken as the author of Cín Lae Uí Mhealláin, which was written by his kinsman, Tarlach Ó Mealláin. Tarlach attended a sermon preached by Henry at Carnteel on the first Sunday of Lent in 1642, and mentioned it in his Cín Lae, demonstrating that he and Henry were two different people.

Aodh Mac Cathmhaoil
Aodh Mac Cathmhaoil, O.F.M. (Latin: Hugo Cavellus; anglicised: Hugh MacCaghwell; 1571 – 22 September 1626), was an Irish Franciscan theologian and Archbishop of Armagh.  He was known by Irish speakers at Leuven (Louvain) by the honorary name Aodh Mac Aingil ("Mac Aingil" is Irish for "Son of an Angel"), and it was under this title that he published the Irish work Scáthán Shacramuinte na hAthridhe.
2019 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 2019 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada, Reno in the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wolf Pack were led by third–year head coach Jay Norvell and played their home games at Mackay Stadium. They were members of the West Division of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 7–6 and 4–4 in Mountain West play to finish in third place in the West division.

Mackay Stadium
Mackay Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the western United States, located on the campus of the University of Nevada in Reno, Nevada. The home venue for Nevada Wolf Pack football and women's soccer in the Mountain West Conference. it is named in honor of the Mackay family, particularly John William Mackay and his son Clarence H. Mackay, who donated funding to build the original stadium in 1909.
Shaun Rooney
Shaun Antony Rooney (born 26 July 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL League Two club Fleetwood Town. He has previously played for Queen's Park, Dunfermline Athletic, York City, Queen of the South, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, St Johnstone, St Mirren and another spell at Fleetwood.

PFA Scotland Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Scotland Team of the Year (often called the PFA Scotland Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the four national tiers of the Scottish football league system, who are seen to be deserving of being named in a "Team of the Year". The award is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, Professional Footballers' Association Scotland (PFA Scotland), with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award was instituted in the 2006–07 season. In that first season, the award was voted for by the managers in each division.

The award was expanded to include the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2021–22.
Gawo Kebe
Gawo Qebe is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the Kelem Welega Zone and is bordered on the east and north by Mirab Welega Zone, on the west by Jimma Horo, on the south by Yemalogi Welele and on the southeast by Dale Wabera. The administrative center of this woreda is Kebe. Gawo Qebe was separated from former Gawo Dale woreda.

Dale Wabera
Dale Wabera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is part of the Kelem Welega Zone. The administrative center of this woreda is Kake. Dale Wabera was separated from former Gawo Dale woreda.
Hypnotic induction
Hypnotic induction is the process undertaken by a hypnotist to establish the state or conditions required for hypnosis to occur.

Self-hypnosis is also possible, in which a subject listens to a recorded induction or plays the roles of both hypnotist and subject.

Self-hypnosis
Self-hypnosis or auto-hypnosis (as distinct from hetero-hypnosis) is a form, a process, or the result of a self-induced hypnotic state.

Frequently, self-hypnosis is used as a vehicle to enhance the efficacy of self-suggestion; and, in such cases, the subject "plays the dual role of suggester and suggestee".

The nature of the auto-suggestive practice may be, at one extreme, "concentrative", wherein "all attention is so totally focused on (the words of the auto-suggestive formula, e.g. "Every day, in every way, I'm getting better and better") that everything else is kept out of awareness" and, at the other, "inclusive", wherein subjects "allow all kinds of thoughts, emotions, memories, and the like to drift into their consciousness".