hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FGF-2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
The FGF-2 internal ribosome entry site is an RNA element present in the 5' UTR of the mRNA of fibroblast growth factor-2. It has been found that the FGF-2 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity is strictly controlled and highly tissue specific. It is thought that translational IRES dependent activation of FGF-2 plays a vital role in embryogenesis and in the adult brain [1]. When expressed the fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF-2 protein plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival as well as being involved in wound-healing [1,2].

Fibroblast growth factor
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects.  These growth factors typically act as a systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate. Thus, some are sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.
Slovo (London)
Slovo is a biannual academic journal edited and managed entirely by postgraduates of the University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies. Slovo is an interdisciplinary publication covering Russian, Eurasian, Central and East European affairs, from the fields of anthropology, economics, film, geography, history, international relations, linguistics, literature, media, politics and sociology. Slovo was produced and distributed through Maney Publishing, but is now available online only through UCL Press.

The first issue of Slovo appeared in May 1988 and included contributions from staff members Geoffrey Hosking and György Schöpflin.

UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
The UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES /ˈsiːs/) is a school of University College London (UCL) specializing in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia. It teaches a range of subjects, including the history, politics, literature, sociology, economics and languages of the region. It is Britain's largest centre for study of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and Russia. It has links with universities across Europe and beyond. It became part of UCL in 1999.
Maximinus Daza
Galerius Valerius Maximinus, born as Daza (Ancient Greek: Μαξιμίνος; 20 November c. 270 – c. July 313), was Roman emperor from 310 to 313. In 305 his uncle Galerius admitted him to the Tetrarchy with the rank of caesar, a controversial appointment which helped start the civil wars of the Tetrarchy in the following year. Maximinus Daza claimed the title of augustus in 310, sharing and often contesting power with Licinius. A committed pagan, he engaged in one of the last persecutions of Christians, and was the last person to hold the title of Pharaoh of Egypt. In 313 Maximinus Daza openly turned against Licinius and was routed at the Battle of Tzirallum. He died during the subsequent retreat, shortly after publishing an edict of tolerance restoring the Christians' freedoms.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
HMS Periwinkle
HMS Periwinkle was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic.
In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the Reverse Lend-Lease arrangement and renamed USS Restless, one of the Temptress-class gunboats.
With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.

American Flower-class corvette
The American Flower-class corvettes were those ships of the Royal Navy's Flower class built for, or operated by, the United States Navy during World War II. These were ten ships of the original Flower class, known as the Temptress class in US service, and fifteen Modified Flowers, as the Action class. In US service they were classified as Patrol Gunboats (PG).
Jugel
Jugel is a division of the town of Johanngeorgenstadt in the German district of Erzgebirgskreis. This dispersed settlement is surrounded by woods, is divided into Ober- and Unterjugel ("Upper and Lower Jugel") and runs along the German-Czech border from the Lehmergrund (708 m) to the crest of the Western Ore Mountains (873 m). In the vicinity lies the 980 metre-high Scheffelsberg. Jugel is a tourist destination for hikers and winter sportsmen.

The village may be reached by railway on the Zwickau–Aue–Schwarzenberg–Johanngeorgenstadt line and by car along Staatsstraße 272 which runs from Schwarzenberg via Johanngeorgenstadt to Wildenthal.

Erzgebirgskreis
Erzgebirgskreis is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge), a mountain range in the southern part of the district which forms part of the Germany–Czech Republic border. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Vogtlandkreis and Zwickau, the urban district Chemnitz, the district Mittelsachsen and the Czech Republic.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1586
United Nations Security Council resolution 1586 is a United Nation Security Council resolution adopted unanimously on 14 March 2005. After reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly Resolution 1560 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 September 2005.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1560
United Nations Security Council resolution 1560 is a United Nation Security Council resolution adopted unanimously on 14 September 2004. After reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly Resolution 1531 (2004), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 March 2005.

The resolution was adopted amid the continuing impasse in the Ethiopia-Eritrea peace process.
Mid-Missouri
Mid-Missouri is a loosely defined region comprising the central area of the U.S. state of Missouri.  The region's largest city is Columbia (population 121,717);  the Missouri state capital, Jefferson City, and the University of Missouri are also located here.  The region also includes portions of the Lake of the Ozarks, the Ozark Mountains, and the Missouri Rhineland. Mid-Missouri is centered on two contiguous metropolitan areas: the Columbia Metropolitan Area and the Jefferson City Metropolitan Area, which together have a population of over 400,000.

Kirksville, Missouri
Kirksville is the county seat of and most populous city in Adair County, Missouri, United States. Located in Benton Township, its population was 17,530 at the 2020 census.  Kirksville is home to three colleges: Truman State University, Moberly Area Community College, and A.T. Still University.
1981 Golbaf earthquake
The 1981 Golbaf earthquake struck the Iranian desert by the village of Golbaf on June 11 at 10:54:25 local time. The shock measured 6.6 on the moment magnitude scale, and had a surface-wave magnitude of 6.7. The shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Many villages were devastated and financial losses amounted to $5 million (in 1981 USD). Despite the sparsity of the area, 3,000 were killed and 1,400 were killed.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
2017–18 Incarnate Word Cardinals women's basketball team
The 2017–18 Incarnate Word Cardinals women's basketball team represented the University of the Incarnate Word in the 2017-18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. They were led by coach Christy Smith, in her second season. The Cardinals finished the season 5–24, 4–14 in Southland play to finish in eleventh place. They failed to qualify for the Southland women's tournament.

2018 Southland Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2018 Southland Conference women's basketball tournament, a part of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season, took place March 8–11, 2018 at the Merrell Center in Katy, Texas. The winner of the tournament received the Southland Conference's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA tournament.
Bernard Butler (politician)
Bernard Butler (1 September 1886 – 13 March 1959) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and school teacher. He spoke four languages specifically Irish, English, French and German. He lived in Terenure, with his wife Peggy. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Townships constituency at the 1943 general election.

He was re-elected at every subsequent general election up to 1957. He died in office in 1959 during the 16th Dáil, a by-election was held on 22 July 1959 which was won by Richie Ryan of Fine Gael. He served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1953 to 1954. He also served as governor of the Royal Irish Academy of Music.

Richie Ryan (politician)
Richard Ryan (27 February 1929 – 17 March 2019) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance and Minister for the Public Service from 1973 to 1977 and a Member of the European Court of Auditors from 1986 to 1989. He served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1977 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1959 to 1982.
1977 Uganda Cup
1977 Uganda Cup was the third season of the main Ugandan football Cup. It is currently called Standbic Uganda Cup, the name was changed in 2017 when it welcomed its new sponsor Standbic Bank.

The 1977 Uganda Cup was won by Simba FC defeating Nytil FC by a walkover in the final.

Uganda Cup
The Uganda Cup is Uganda's main national cup competition in football. This annual competition is open for member clubs of the Federation of Uganda Football Associations.

The Uganda Cup is the second most prestigious competition in Uganda football.

It is played on a knock out basis. This annual competition is open for non league sides, registered clubs playing in all the five football divisions (Div I, II, III, IV and V) of  the Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA)
Allusions to Poe's "The Raven"
Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven" has been frequently referenced and parodied in contemporary culture. Immediately popular after the poem's publication in 1845, it quickly became a cultural phenomenon.  Some consider it the best poem ever written. As such, modern references to the poem continue to appear in popular culture.

Constrained writing
Constrained writing is a literary technique in which the writer is bound by some condition that forbids certain things or imposes a pattern.

Constraints are very common in poetry, which often requires the writer to use a particular verse form.
2008 Hockey East men's ice hockey tournament
The 2008 Hockey East Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 24th tournament in the history of the conference. It was played between March 14 and March 22, 2008 at campus locations and at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. By winning the tournament, Boston College was awarded the Lamoriello Trophy and an automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Hockey East men's ice hockey tournament
The Hockey East Men's Tournament is the conference tournament for the men's division of the Hockey East, an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that has operated since 1984. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament and the Lamoriello Trophy.
Pello Otxandiano
Pello Otxandiano Kanpo (born 20 August 1983) is a Basque engineer, university professor and politician.

He is EH Bildu's programme director. He is also the EH Bildu's candidate for head of the Basque Government in the 2024 Basque regional election.

EH Bildu
EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu (English: 'Basque Country Gather' or 'Basque Country Unite'), is a left-wing, Basque nationalist and pro-independence federation of political parties in Spain. It is the main political force of the abertzale left in Spain. EH Bildu is active in the Spanish Basque Country, that is, in the Basque Autonomous Community and Chartered Community of Navarre, as well as in the Treviño enclave of the Burgos Province. In the French Basque Country, it has an alliance with the party Euskal Herria Bai, with the goal of establishing a state for the Basque Country across the Spanish-French border.
Eustoma russellianum
Eustoma russellianum is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family. One of its previous binomial names was Eustoma grandiflorum. Common names include showy prairie gentian, prairie gentian, Texas bluebells, Texas bluebell, bluebell, and Lisianthus.

There is a cultivar, 'Bolero Deep Blue'.

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.
NGC 3367
NGC 3367 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3367 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 19, 1784.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Squamish culture
Squamish culture is the customs, arts, music, lifestyle, food, painting and sculpture, moral systems and social institutions of the Squamish indigenous people, located in the southwestern part of British Columbia, Canada. They refer to themselves as Sḵwx̱wú7mesh ([sqʷχʷúʔməʃ]). They are a part of the Coast Salish cultural group. Their culture and social life is based on the abundant natural resource of the Pacific Northwest coast, rich in cedar trees, salmon, and other resources. They have complex kinship ties that connect their social life and cultural events to different families and neighboring nations.

X̱wáýx̱way
X̱wáýx̱way (Squamish: [χʷajχʷaj]) or x̌ʷay̓x̌ʷəy̓ (Halkomelem: [χʷajˀχʷəjˀ]), rendered in English as Xway xway and Whoiwhoi, is a First Nations village site, located in what is now Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The village was located on the eastern peninsula of the park, near what is now Lumberman's Arch. The village was home for many Squamish, Musqueam and Tsleil-waututh people, but after European colonization began in the Vancouver area, the inhabitants were forced to re-locate to nearby villages. The village was named for a mask ceremony; thus, the best translation of x̱wáýx̱way would be 'masked dance performance'.
Mie Television
Mie Television Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (三重テレビ放送, Mie Terebi Hōsō), also known as MTV, is a television station headquartered in Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

It is a member of the Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations, and the only commercial television station in Mie Prefecture. Nagoya Dome is its primary shareholder.

Mie TV was founded in 1968, and first commenced television broadcasting in December 1969. Mie TV started digital terrestrial television broadcasting in 2005. It is also possible to watch Mie TV from some parts of Aichi prefecture.

JAITS
The Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations (JAITS; Japanese: 全国独立放送協議会, romanized: Zenkoku Dokuritsu Hōsō Kyōgi-kai, lit. 'National Independent Broadcasting Forum') is a group of Japan's reception fee-free commercial terrestrial television stations which are not members of the major national television networks. The association was established on 4 November 1977.: 30

Its members sell to, buy from, and co-produce programmes with other members. While a few of them, namely Tokyo MX, TVK and Sun TV and sell more than the others, it does not mean the former control the others in programming. It forms a loose broadcast network without exclusivity. They form permanent and ad hoc subgroups for production and sales of advertising opportunity.
Suprameatal triangle
In the temporal bone, between the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus and the posterior root of the zygomatic process is the area called the suprameatal triangle, suprameatal pit, mastoid fossa, foveola suprameatica, or Macewen's triangle, through which an instrument may be pushed into the mastoid antrum.
In the adult, the antrum lies approximately 1.5 to 2 cm deep to the suprameatal triangle.  This is an important landmark when performing a cortical mastoidectomy.
The triangle lies deep to the cymba conchae.

Mastoid antrum
The mastoid antrum (tympanic antrum, antrum mastoideum, Valsalva's antrum) is an air space in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating posteriorly with the mastoid cells and anteriorly with the epitympanic recess of the middle ear via the aditus to mastoid antrum (entrance to the mastoid antrum). These air spaces function as sound receptors, provide voice resonance, act as acoustic insulation and dissipation, provide protection from physical damage and reduce the mass of the cranium.
The roof is formed by the tegmen antri which is a continuation of the tegmen tympani and separates it from the middle cranial fossa.
The lateral wall of the antrum is formed by a plate of bone which is an average of 1.5 cm in adults.
The mastoid air cell  system is a major contributor to middle ear inflammatory diseases.
John Corvino
John Frank Corvino (born 1969) is an American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy and former dean of the Irvin D. Reid Honors College at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan and the author of several books, with a focus on the morality of homosexuality. Corvino is sometimes referred to as "The Gay Moralist", a sobriquet he assumed while writing a column of the same name.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Alpini and mountain artillery formations in World War I
The Alpini (Italian for "alpines") are a specialised mountain warfare infantry corps of the Italian Army, which distinguished itself in World War I fighting in the Alps against Austro-Hungarian Kaiserjäger and the German Alpenkorps. The Alpini were supported by the Mountain Artillery, which both share the Cappello Alpino as identifying symbol. Below follow tables listing the regiments, battalions and groups, companies and batteries of the Alpini and Mountain Artillery active in World War I.

Tonale Pass
Tonale Pass (Italian: Passo del Tonale) (el. 1883 m./6178 ft.) is a high mountain pass in northern Italy across the Rhaetian Alps, between Lombardy and Trentino.

It connects Valcamonica and Val di Sole. It is delimited by the Ortler Alps to the north and the  Adamello range to the south.

The pass has hotels and shops for tourists in winter, as the land around the pass is used for winter sports – mainly skiing (see Adamello Ski Raid) and snowboarding.

During World War I the place was heavily fought for between Italians holding Western side (Lombardy) and the troops of Habsburg Empire holding the Eastern side (Trentino). A memorial for the fallen Italian soldiers was erected during the fascist period.
Alpine Botanical Garden of Campo Imperatore
The Alpine Botanical Garden of Campo Imperatore (Giardino Botanico Alpino di Campo Imperatore, 3000 m2) is a botanical garden for alpine plants located at Campo Imperatore, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. It is operated by the University of L'Aquila.

The garden was founded in 1952 by botanist Vincenzo Rivera. It collects plants local to the nearby Gran Sasso massif of the Apennine Mountains, including hundreds of grass species, false bilberry, greater gentian, and the Apennine edelweiss.

L'Aquila
L'Aquila (/ˈlækwɪlə/ LAK-wil-ə; Italian: [ˈlaːkwila] ⓘ; Neapolitan: [ˈlaːkwiːlə]) is the capital city of the region of Abruzzo in central Italy. With 70,421 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the second-largest city in the region. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, it is surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east.

L'Aquila sits on a hillside in the middle of a narrow valley; the tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. A maze of narrow streets, lined with Baroque and Renaissance buildings and churches, open onto elegant piazzas. Home to the University of L'Aquila, it is a lively college town and, as such, has many cultural institutions: a repertory theatre, a symphony orchestra, a fine art academy, a state conservatory and a film institute. There are several ski resorts in the surrounding province (Campo Imperatore, Ovindoli, Pescasseroli, Roccaraso, Scanno).