hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serre's theorem on a semisimple Lie algebra
In abstract algebra, specifically the theory of Lie algebras, Serre's theorem states: given a (finite reduced) root system , there exists a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra whose root system is the given .

Cartan matrix
In mathematics, the term Cartan matrix has three meanings.  All of these are named after the French mathematician Élie Cartan. Amusingly, the Cartan matrices in the context of Lie algebras were first investigated by Wilhelm Killing, whereas the Killing form is due to Cartan.
Perry-Mansfield Performing Arts School & Camp
The Perry-Mansfield Performing Arts School & Camp is a dance, theater and equestrian camp located in Steamboat Springs, Colorado.  Founded in 1913 by Charlotte Perry and Portia Mansfield, it is the oldest continuously operating dance and theater school in America. In 1995 the site was included on the National Register of Historic Places and in 2004 Mansfield and Perry were inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.

Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.
Ham Green, Worcestershire
Ham Green is a hamlet outside Redditch, Worcestershire. It lies in between the villages of Feckenham, Callow Hill, Elcocks Brook & Cruise Hill. As of mid-2020, Redditch has a total population of 85568.

Redditch
Redditch is a town and non-metropolitan district with borough status in Worcestershire, England. In 2021, the town had a population of 81,637 and the district had a population of 87,037. In the 1800s, it became a centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry; by the end of the century,
90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its surrounding areas.

In the 1960s, it became part of the new town planning movement which included it expanding into neighbouring villages and hamlets surrounding the town. It is the second largest settlement in Worcestershire, after Worcester.
Jhabua
Jhabua is a town and a municipality in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Jhabua District.

Recently the district has got international recognition because of its endemic hen species "kadaknath". It has been granted the GI tag.

Bhopawar Agency
Bhopawar Agency was a sub-agency of the Central India Agency in British India with the headquarters at the town of Bhopawar, so the name. Bhopawar Agency was created in 1882 from a number of princely states in the Western Nimar and Southern Malwa regions of Central India belonging to the former Bhil Agency and Bhil Sub-agency with the capitals at Bhopawar and Manpur. The agency was named after Bhopawar, a village in Sardarpur tehsil, Dhar District of present-day Madhya Pradesh state. Manpur remained a strictly British territory.

The other chief towns of this region were: Badnawar, Kukshi, Manawar and Sardarpur, Chadawad Estate, Dattigaon. The mighty Vindhya and Satpura ranges crossed the territory of the agency roughly from east to west, with the fertile valley of the Narmada River lying between them. The agency also included the "Bhil Country", inhabited by the Bhil people.
Little Duck River
The Little Duck River is a 6.5-mile-long (10.5 km) tributary of the Duck River of Tennessee in the United States.  Via the Duck, Tennessee, and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. It rises in a poorly drained, swampy area southeast of Manchester, Tennessee and winds through the town.

Its significance is primarily in its spectacular confluence with the main Duck River, just northwest of downtown Manchester in Old Stone Fort State Park.  Both streams descend over a series of dramatic cascades just prior to the confluence, which occurs at the base of a table land which they surround on three sides.  The perimeter of this table land is surrounded by a low stone wall generally 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 m) in height.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Thioredoxin reductase
Thioredoxin reductases (TR, TrxR) (EC 1.8.1.9) are enzymes that reduce thioredoxin (Trx). Two classes of thioredoxin reductase have been identified: one class in bacteria and some eukaryotes and one in animals. Bacterial TrxR also catalyzes the reduction of glutaredoxin like proteins known as NrdH. Both classes are flavoproteins which function as homodimers.  Each monomer contains a FAD prosthetic group, a NADPH binding domain, and an active site containing a redox-active disulfide bond.

Glutathione reductase
Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene. Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell.  Glutathione reductase functions as dimeric disulfide oxidoreductase and uses flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to reduce one molar equivalent of GSSG to two molar equivalents of GSH:

The glutathione reductase is conserved between all kingdoms. In bacteria, yeasts, and animals, one glutathione reductase gene is found; however, in plant genomes, two GR genes are encoded. Drosophila and trypanosomes do not have any GR at all. In these organisms, glutathione reduction is performed by either the thioredoxin or the trypanothione system, respectively.
Ambovombe-Androy
Ambovombe-Androy ([ambuˈvumbe ˈaɳɖʐuj]), or just Ambovombe, is a city in the far south of Madagascar, and the capital of the Androy region. Ambovombe has now acquired city status with an officially estimated population of 114,230 in 2018.

The city is connected by the Route nationale 13 with Taolagnaro (110 km) to the east. The RN 13 also leads north to Ihosy (383 km), and the Route nationale 10 north-west to Toliara, but these roads are in bad condition.

Toliara
Toliara (also known as Toliary, [tuliˈar]; formerly  Tuléar) is a city in southern Madagascar. It is the capital of the Atsimo-Andrefana region, located 936 km southwest of the national capital Antananarivo.

The current spelling of the name was adopted in the 1970s, reflecting the orthography of the Malagasy language. Many geographic place names, assigned French spellings during the colonial period, were altered following Malagasy independence in 1960.

The city has a population of 168,758 in 2018. As a port town it acts as a major import/export hub for commodities such as sisal, soap, hemp, cotton, rice and peanuts.
Ekrixinatosaurus
Ekrixinatosaurus ('explosion-born reptile') is a genus of abelisaurid theropod which lived approximately 99 to 97 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Its fossils have been found in Argentina. Only one species is currently recognized, Ekrixinatosaurus novasi, from which the specific name honors Dr. Fernando Novas for his contributions to the study of abelisaurid theropods, while the genus name refers to the dynamiting of the holotype specimen. It was a large abelisaurid, measuring between 6.5 and 8 m (21 and 26 ft) in length and weighing 800 kg (1,800 lb).

Candeleros Formation
The Candeleros Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in the Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is the oldest formation in the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Rio Limay Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Candeleros Formation was known as the Candeleros Member.
Tarina Patel
Tarina Patel is a South African actress, film producer, model and television host, born in Cape Town and raised in Durban. She appeared in Akshay Kumar's horror-comedy Bhool Bhulaiyaa. She has been on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Johannesburg, developed as a South African version of the American franchise The Real Housewives.

Blood Legacy (TV series)
Blood Legacy is a 2024 South African drama television series created and written by Diego Gutiérrez for Netflix. Adapted from the series Monarca, the show was produced by Gambit Films and premiered on September 20, 2024, with twenty episodes. The series stars Xolile Tshabalala as Khanyi Adesina and Anthony Oseyemi as Akin Adesina. Blood Legacy follows Khanyi returning home to take control of her family’s business empire, which is on the verge of collapse due to corruption. Executive producers of the series include Bradley Joshua, Benjamin Overmeyer, Nosipho Dumisa-Ngoasheng, Daryne Joshua, Travis Taute, and Simon Beesley. Actress and producer Connie Chiume passed away during the production of the first season.
Johnny Mullins (songwriter)
Johnny Mullins (October 23, 1923, in Barry County, Missouri – September 16, 2009, in Springfield, Missouri) was an American country music songwriter. His earliest success was with a song called "Company's Comin'", which was recorded by Porter Wagoner in 1954. He is most noted for "Blue Kentucky Girl", originally recorded by Loretta Lynn and later by Emmylou Harris, in whose version it was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1980. His song "Success" was also recorded by Loretta Lynn and later by Elvis Costello, and also by Sinéad O'Connor under the title, "Success Has Made a Failure of Our Home".

Mullins is interviewed and plays short samples from some of his songs in the PBS video, Johnny Mullins: Ozarks Songwriter.  While writing songs in his spare time, he kept his day job as a school janitor in Springfield, Missouri, which he held from 1957 until his retirement in 1982. Mullins was inducted into "Missouri Writers Hall of Fame" in 2001.

Porter Wagoner
Porter Wayne Wagoner (August 12, 1927 – October 28, 2007) was an American country music singer known for his flashy Nudie and Manuel suits and blond pompadour.

In 1967, he introduced singer Dolly Parton on his television show, The Porter Wagoner Show. She became part of a well-known vocal duo with him from the late 1960s to the early 1970s.

Known as Mr. Grand Ole Opry, Wagoner charted 81 singles from 1954 to 1983. He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2002.
2003 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships
The 2003 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Delray Beach Tennis Center in Delray Beach, Florida in the United States, and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from March 3 through March 9, 2003. Fourth-seeded Jan-Michael Gambill won the singles title.

2003 ATP Tour
The 2003 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2003 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
David Hermelin
David B. Hermelin (December 27, 1936 – November 22, 2000) was United States ambassador to Norway and a Detroit area philanthropist and entrepreneur and a graduate of the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business.

The David B. Hermelin Volunteer Fundraising Award at the University of Michigan honors David Hermelin. The ORT Hermelin College of Engineering in Netanya, Israel, was named in his honor. It opened in October, 2000.

On December 13, 2000, he was presented, posthumously, with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Clinton.

In 2000, Hermelin died of a brain tumor at 63 years old.

Presidential Citizens Medal
The Presidential Citizens Medal is an award bestowed by the president of the United States. It is the second-highest civilian award in the United States and is second only to the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Established by executive order on November 13, 1969, by President Richard Nixon, it recognizes an individual "who has performed exemplary deeds or services for his or her country or fellow citizens." Only United States citizens are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded posthumously.

The medal is a disc of gilt and enamel, based on the seal of the president of the United States, with the eagle surrounded by a wreath of leaves. The medal is suspended on a ribbon, dark blue with a light blue central stripe and white edge stripes. Despite being a civilian award, it may be worn on some military uniforms.
Maximum a posteriori estimation
An estimation procedure that is often claimed to be part of Bayesian statistics is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of an unknown quantity, that equals the mode of the posterior density with respect to some reference measure, typically the Lebesgue measure. The MAP can be used to obtain a point estimate of an unobserved quantity on the basis of empirical data. It is closely related to the method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, but employs an augmented optimization objective which incorporates a prior density over the quantity one wants to estimate.  MAP estimation is therefore a regularization of maximum likelihood estimation, so is not a well-defined statistic of the Bayesian posterior distribution.

Conjugate prior
In Bayesian probability theory, if, given a likelihood function ,  the posterior distribution  is in the same probability distribution family as the prior probability distribution , the prior and posterior are then called conjugate distributions with respect to that  likelihood function and the prior is called a conjugate prior for the likelihood function .

A conjugate prior is an algebraic convenience, giving a closed-form expression for the posterior; otherwise, numerical integration may be necessary. Further, conjugate priors may clarify how a likelihood function updates a prior distribution.

The concept, as well as the term "conjugate prior", were introduced by Howard Raiffa and Robert Schlaifer in their work on Bayesian decision theory. A similar concept had been discovered independently by George Alfred Barnard.
John Gillan
John Gillan (c.1667–1735) was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman and author who served as the Bishop of Dunblane from 1731 to 1735.

He was born c. 1667, the son of John Gillan. After his education at Marischal College, Aberdeen, he worked as a bookseller. He married Isabel Wingate, daughter of the Reverend John Wingate, Incumbent of Denny, and Margaret Marschall. He published Vindication of the Fundamental Character of Presbytery (1713), Life of Bishop Sage (1714), and is reputed to be the author of Carnwath's Memoirs.

He was ordained in the Scottish Episcopal Church, and not long afterwards consecrated at Edinburgh a college bishop on 22 June 1727 by bishops Freebairn, Duncan, Rose and Ochterlony. Gillan was the Incumbent of Old Saint Paul's, Edinburgh (1727–35) and elected Bishop of the Diocese of Dunblane in December 1731.

He died in office on 3 January 1735, aged about 68.

James Rose (bishop)
James Rose, MA (c.1655–1733) was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman who served as the Bishop of Fife from 1731 to 1733.

He was consecrated at Edinburgh as a college bishop on 29 November 1726 by bishops David Freebairn, Andrew Cant and Alexander Duncan. He and other college bishops were consecrated to maintain the Episcopal succession without being committed to a particular Episcopal see. Five years later, he became the bishop of the Diocese of Fife in December 1731.

He died in office on 4 April 1733, aged 78.
Scrobicaria
Scrobicaria is a genus of South American plants in the groundsel tribe within the daisy family.

Species

Scrobicaria aquifolia (Cuatrec.) B.Nord. - Venezuela

Scrobicaria ilicifolia (L.f.) B.Nord. - Colombia

Scrobicaria soatana S.Díaz & A.Correa - Colombia

Senecioneae
Senecioneae is the largest tribe of the Asteraceae, or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species. Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in the genus Senecio.  Its members exhibit probably the widest possible range of form to be found in the entire plant kingdom, and include annuals, minute creeping alpines, herbaceous and evergreen perennials, shrubs, climbers, succulents, trees, and semi-aquatic plants.

Plants in this tribe are responsible for more livestock poisonings than all other plants combined. Its members usually contain liver and kidney toxic and carcinogenic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio and furanoeremophilanes in Tetradymia.

A number of species are well known in horticulture.
Electoral history of the Tea Party movement
The Tea Party Movement, founded in 2009, is an American political movement that advocates strict adherence to the United States Constitution, reduced U.S. government spending, taxes, reducing the U.S. national debt and the federal budget deficit.

In the 2010 midterm elections, The New York Times identified 138 candidates for Congress with significant Tea Party support and reported that all of them were running as Republicans. According to a calculation on an NBC blog, 50% of the candidates backed by a Tea Party group, or who identified themselves as Tea Party members, were elected to the Senate, while 31% were elected to the House. In addition, research by economists Andreas Madestam of Stockholm University, Daniel Shoag and David Yanagizawa-Drott of Harvard University, and Stan Veuger of the American Enterprise Institute estimated that the Tea Party movement protests generated 2.7–5.5 million additional votes nationwide for the Republican Party in the 2010 House elections.

FreedomWorks
FreedomWorks was a conservative and libertarian advocacy group based in Washington, D.C. FreedomWorks trained volunteers and assisted in campaigns. It was widely associated with the Tea Party movement. The Koch brothers were once a source of the organization's funding. FreedomWorks shut down in May 2024.
Khang Narbaneh Pir
Khang Narbaneh Pir (Persian: خنگ ناربنه پير, also Romanized as Khang Nārbaneh Pīr) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 13 families.

Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District
Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي گرمسيرئ شمالي) is in Mombi District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Gerd-e Kuchak. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Mombi, now a city.
Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1997 amended the Constitution of Ireland to provide that the confidentiality of meetings of the cabinet would not prevent the High Court from ordering that certain information be disclosed when this was in the public interest. It was approved by referendum on 30 October 1997 and signed into law on 14 November of the same year.

Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland
Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland are only possible by way of referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland must be initiated as a bill in Dáil Éireann, be passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas (parliament), then submitted to a referendum, and finally signed into law by the president of Ireland. Since the constitution entered into force on 29 December 1937, there have been 32 amendments to the constitution.

Aside from amendments to the Constitution itself, the Constitution also provides for referendums on ordinary bills; this is known as an ordinary referendum. This provision has never been used.
Bontuf-e Mohamid-e Biseytun
Bontuf-e Mohamid-e Biseytun (Persian: بن طوف محميدبي سيتون, also Romanized as Bonṭūf-e Moḥamīd-e Bīseytūn) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 8 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ غربي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, in southwestern Iran. It is administered from the city of Qaleh Raisi.
2017–18 Championnat National 3
The 2017–18 Championnat National 3 is the first season of the fifth tier in the French football league system in its current format. The competition is contested by 171 clubs split geographically across 12 groups of 14 teams, 1 group of 15 teams and 1 group of 16 teams. The teams include amateur clubs (although a few are semi-professional) and the reserve teams of professional clubs.

USON Mondeville
Union Sportive Ouvrière Normande de Mondeville is a French association football club founded in 1991. They are based in the town of Mondeville and their home stadium is the Stade Michel Farré, which has a capacity of 2,500 spectators. As of the 2018–19 season, they play in the Regional 1 Normandy due to being administratively relegated from Championnat National 3 after finishing 2nd in their group.
Anomomorpha lecanorina
Anomomorpha lecanorina is a rare species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in southern Ecuador, where it grows in montane forests at altitudes of 2,000–2,500 metres (6,600–8,200 ft), it was described as new to science in 2011. The specific epithet lecanorina denotes the resemblance of its fruit bodies to those of the genus Lecanora.

Zamora-Chinchipe Province
Zamora Chinchipe (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈmoɾa tʃinˈtʃipe]), Province of Zamora Chinchipe is a province of the Republic
of Ecuador, located at the southeastern end of the Amazon Basin, which shares borders with the Ecuadorian provinces of Azuay and Morona Santiago to the north, Loja and Azuay to the west, and with Peru to the east and south.  The province comprises an area of approximately 10,559 km² and is covered with a uniquely mountainous topography which markedly distinguishes it from the surrounding Amazonian provinces.  Zamora-Chinchipe is characterized and largely identified by its mining industry; indigenous ethnic groups with a rich archaeological legacy; its  biodiversity; and its niche and tourist attractions, which include a number of waterfalls well-noted for their beauty.  The province takes its name from the administrative fusion of the Zamora and Chinchipe cantons.  The provincial capital is the city of Zamora.