hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burlington Breakwater
The Burlington Breakwater is a breakwater providing shelter to the harbor of Burlington, Vermont from the open waters of Lake Champlain.  It was built in several stages between 1836 and 1890, and is a rare example of a 19th-century timber-cribbed stone breakwater.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.  Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages, helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as a jetty or a mole, may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access.

Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion. On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach  may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes.
Edward S. Farrow
Edward Samuel Farrow (April 20, 1855 – September 8, 1926) was a United States Army officer, author, and educator best known for his contributions to military training and reference works in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. born in Worcester County, Maryland, was an author and a commander in the American Indian Wars of the late 19th century. He is particularly known for his service in the Sheepeater Indian War. Farrow was a graduate of the West Point Military Academy in 1876, and was a commanding officer of Indian Scouts in the Departments of the Columbia. He went on to become Assistant Instructor of Tactics at the US Military Academy (West Point), and published prolifically on the subject of Native American Indians, Military Training, and Mountain Scouting.

United States Army Indian Scouts
Native Americans have made up an integral part of American military conflicts since the Colonial period. Colonists recruited Indian allies during conflicts such as the Pequot War, the French and Indian Wars, the Revolutionary War, as well as in War of 1812. Native Americans also fought on both sides during the American Civil War, as well as military missions abroad including the most notable, the Codetalkers who served in World War II. The Scouts were active in the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Including those who accompanied General John J. Pershing in 1916 on his expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa. Indian Scouts were officially deactivated in 1947 when their last member retired from the Army at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. For many Indians it was an important form of interaction with European-American culture and their first major encounter with the Whites' way of thinking and doing things.
County of Fergusson
County of Fergusson is a cadastral unit located in the Australian state of South Australia which spans Yorke Peninsula south of Price.  It was proclaimed in 1869 by Governor Fergusson after whom the county was named.

Maitland, South Australia
Maitland (/ˈmeɪtlənd/) is a town on the Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. By road, it is 168 km (104 mi) west of Adelaide, 164 km (102 mi) south of Port Pirie and 46 km (29 mi) north of Minlaton. The town lies in the traditional lands of the Narungga, whose name for the district is Maggiwarda.
3M-51 Alfa
The P-900 Alfa (or also P-900A Alfa) П-900 3М51 Альфа Alfa AFM-L, GRAU designation 3M51, is an anti-ship missile (with LACM capabilities) developed from the 3M54 Kalibr, P-800 Oniks and P-700 Granit.

The missile has a Granit type engine. It can be operated on new Yasen-class submarine, and can be loaded on ships. Coastal versions of the anti-ship missile are under development. The missile is developed at NPO Mashinostroyeniya.

3M-51 Alfa is also designated as Novator KTRV, Morinform Agat, 3M54, 3M54E and P-900 types.

The new cruise missile was designed for use in the Russian Navy. Modernization of Kirov-class battlecruiser, other new battlecruisers, destroyers and cruisers may include 3M-51 Alfa that can be refitted on ships with existing Zircon, Grom Meteorit, GELA, P1200 Bolid or P-1000 Vulkan missile launchers.

Despite a secrecy surrounding the new missile, it can be presumed that it holds promise as an exportable weapons system.

P-500 Bazalt
The P-500 Bazalt (Russian: П-500 «Базальт»; English: basalt) is a turbojet-powered, supersonic cruise missile used by the Soviet and Russian navies. Its GRAU designation is 4K80 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-12 Sandbox, its upgraded version being the P-1000 Vulkan AShM SLCM.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Chemung County, New York
List of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chemung County, New York

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Chemung County, New York.  The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates". One site, the Newtown Battlefield, is further designated a National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.

Newtown Battlefield State Park
Newtown Battlefield State Park, formerly known as Newtown Battlefield Reservation, was the site of the Battle of Newtown fought in August 1779, during the American Revolutionary War.  It was the only major battle of the Sullivan Expedition, an armed offensive led by General John Sullivan that was ordered by the Continental Congress to end the threat of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.  In the battle, the Iroquois were defeated decisively. A portion of the battlefield is today managed as a 372-acre (1.51 km2) state park.  The entire battlefield (about 2,100 acres (850 ha)) was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved more than 68 acres adjacent to the state park.
Letter tone two
Ƨ (minuscule: ƨ) is a letter which appears in numerous alphabets, including some proposed extensions of the Latin alphabet. Depending on the context in which the letter is used, it is typically based either on the numeral 2 or the Latin letter S.

Ƨ was used in the Zhuang alphabet from 1957 to 1986 to indicate the second, or falling, tone ([˧˩]), due to its resemblance to the numeral 2, along with four other letters resembling numbers. (See: Table). In 1986, Ƨ was replaced by the similarly shaped, but more common Z, when the alphabet was simplified for use in computers.

The proposed Metelko alphabet, devised by Franc Serafin Metelko, used the letter Ƨ to represent the schwa ə sound; it is unclear what inspiration Metelko used for the character (possibly from the Georgian letter ჷ used in the Laz and Svan languages spoken in the Southern Caucasus).

Schwa (letter)
Ə, or ə, is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet. It is also called schwa, from another name for the mid central vowel, the sound represented by minuscule ə in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

It was invented by Johann Andreas Schmeller for the reduced vowel at the end of some German words and first used in his 1820s works on the Bavarian dialects.

The word, schwa, comes from the Hebrew Shva (via German), a Niqqud, which in most cases in Modern Hebrew denotes a de-emphasis of an accompanying vowel that would otherwise be pronounced strongly. Shva itself is silent and is not a mid central vowel, which does not exist in Modern Hebrew.
Nana Katase
Nana Katase (片瀬 那奈, Katase Nana; born November 7, 1981) is a Japanese actress, singer, and fashion model. She is known for acting in Death Note 2: The Last Name (2006), Arakawa Under the Bridge (2010) and 20th Century Boys 1: Beginning of the End (2008).

Katase portrayed Kiyomi Takada in Death Note: The Last Name. She also portrayed Megumi Yokota as an adult (with Mayuko Fukuda who played the role of a younger Megumi Yokota) as one of at least thirteen Japanese citizens kidnapped by North Korea in the late 1970s and early 1980s in Saikai: Yokota Megumi-san no Negai. She also played Mayumi in the fifth installment of the PlayStation series by Sega, Yakuza.

Mayuko Fukuda
Mayuko Fukuda (Japanese: 福田 麻由子, Hepburn: Fukuda Mayuko; born August 4, 1994) is a Japanese actress who made her debut in 1998. She was managed by the talent agency FLaMme.

Her father, Kenji Fukuda, is a drummer in the band Kasutera when Fukuda's father attended Waseda University in Tokyo after he moved from Shūnan, Yamaguchi. Now Kenji Fukuda works at a IT Company in Tokyo.
Perup, Western Australia
Perup is a rural locality of the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Muir Highway forms the southern border of the locality while the Perup River runs through Perup from north to south. The south-eastern corner of Greater Kingston National Park sticks into the north of the locality.

Perup is located on the traditional land of the Bibulman people of the Noongar nation.

The heritage listed Perup Homestead, listed on the shire's heritage list and on the now defunct Register of the National Estate, is located within Perup, having been constructed in 1885. It is at the site of a shepherd's hut build by the Muir family in 1855, early European settlers in the area.

In the 1940s Perup-reared cattle were considered as high value.

The south-western part of the Tone-Perup Nature Reserve is located within Perup. The nature reserve is one of two locations home to numbats, the other one being Dryandra Woodland National Park.

Shire of Manjimup
The Shire of Manjimup is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, about 320 kilometres (200 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. The Shire covers an area of 7,027 square kilometres (2,713 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Manjimup.
2026 Dow Tennis Classic
The 2026 Dow Tennis Classic was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the thirty-first edition of the tournament and part of the 2026 WTA 125 tournaments. It returned to the circuit after one year's absence and took place at the Greater Midland Tennis Center in Midland, Michigan, United States between 16 and 22 February.

2026 WTA 125 tournaments
The WTA 125 tournaments are the secondary professional tennis circuit tournaments organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2026 calendar tentatively consists of twenty-nine tournaments announced or confirmed so far through various sources.
If (magazine)
If was an American science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by James L. Quinn.

The magazine was moderately successful, though for most of its run it was not considered to be in the first tier of American science fiction magazines. It achieved its greatest success under editor Frederik Pohl, winning the Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. If published many award-winning stories over its 22 years, including Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress and Harlan Ellison's short story "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". The most prominent writer to make his first sale to If was Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue.

If was merged into Galaxy Science Fiction after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall.

Science fiction fandom
Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although formal clubs such as the Futurians (1937–1945) and the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (1934–present) are recognized examples of organized fandom).

Most often called simply "fandom" within the community, it can be viewed as a distinct subculture, with its own literature and jargon; marriages and other relationships among fans are common, as are multi-generational fan families.
Chen Fu Zhen Ren
Chen Fu Zhen Ren (Chinese: 陈府真人; Hokkien: Tan Hu Cin Jin) is an ancestral deity of the Indonesian Chinese people living throughout Banyuwangi Regency, Java, Bali, and Lombok. He is also worshipped by the indigenous population of Bali and Java (Kejawen).

The temples that worship Chen Fu Zhen Ren as their main deity are spread over East Java, Bali, and Lombok; but he is also known by the people of the West Java and other countries (i.e. Singapore, China, and Netherlands) because of trade and academic research.

Banyuwangi (town)
Banyuwangi, previously known as Banjoewangi, is a large town and an administrative district (kecamatan) which serves as the capital of Banyuwangi Regency at the far eastern end of the island of Java, Indonesia. It had a population of 106,000 at the 2010 census and 117,558 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 121,500. The town extends beyond the district limits to includes substantial parts of neighbouring districts; at the 1990 Census the population of the extended town was 345,861.

The town is also known as city of festival as many festivals are held throughout the year. Banyuwangi Regency is a tourist destination, and additional developments have been proposed to encourage international tourism by building necessary infrastructures.
Yangwarak Rural Municipality
Yangwarak (Nepali: याङवरक गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality located in Panchthar District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 8 municipalities in Panchthar in which 1 is urban and 7 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Yangwarak has an area of 208.63 square kilometres (80.55 mi2) and the total population of the municipality is 18281 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Chyangthapu, Phalaicha, Oyam, Tharpu and Nagi which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Tharpu.

Nagi, Panchthar
Nagi  is a village development committee in Panchthar District in the Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4000 people living in 698 individual households.
John Graham Jr. (golfer)
John Graham Jr. (1877 – 16 June 1915) was a Scottish amateur golfer. He had three top-10 finishes in the Open Championship. Graham's best finish was fourth place in the 1906 Open Championship. His other top finishes in the Open Championship were tied ninth in 1901 and tied seventh in 1904.

James Braid (golfer)
James Braid (6 February 1870 – 27 November 1950) was a Scottish professional golfer and a member of the Great Triumvirate of the sport alongside Harry Vardon and John Henry Taylor. He won The Open Championship five times. He also was a renowned golf course architect. Braid is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
2020 Bathurst 12 Hour
The 2020 Liqui-Moly Bathurst 12 Hour was an endurance motor race which was staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst, in New South Wales, Australia on 2 February 2020. The race, which was promoted and organised by V8 Supercars Australia Pty Ltd., was open to GT3 cars, GT4 cars, Lamborghini Super Trofeo cars and Invitational vehicles. It was the 18th running of the Bathurst 12 Hour, and the opening round of both the 2020 Intercontinental GT Challenge and the 2020 Australian Endurance Championship. 39 cars were entered and 34 cars started, with five entries withdrawn following crashes in practice & qualifying.

The race was won by Jules Gounon, Jordan Pepper and Maxime Soulet driving a Bentley Continental GT3 entered by M-Sport.

2020 Australian GT Championship
The 2020 Australian GT Championship was scheduled to be the 24th running of the Australian GT Championship, a Motorsport Australia-sanctioned Australian motor racing championship open to FIA GT3 cars, FIA GT4 cars and similar cars as approved for the championship. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in only the first round of the Australian Endurance Championship, and the first & second rounds of the Australian GT Trophy Series taking place before the rest of the season was abandoned.
Chilothorax
Chilothorax is a genus of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are more than 60 described species in Chilothorax, found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America.

Many of these species have been transferred from the genus Aphodius.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Doll Mountain
Doll Mountain, 1,930 feet (590 m), is a prominent peak in the Taconic Mountains of western Massachusetts. The mountain is located in Pittsfield State Forest. The summit is wooded and trailless, but the multi-use Doll Mountain Trail traverses its northern slopes. The mountain is wooded with northern hardwood tree species.

Doll Mountain is located within Hancock, Massachusetts. The Taconic ridgeline continues north from Doll Mountain as Smith Mountain, south as Holy Mount and its ridge spur called Mount Lebanon, and to the east as Shaker Mountain. It is bordered by West Hill and The Knob to the west across the Wyomanock Creek valley. The west side of the mountain drains into Wyomanock Creek, then into Kinderhook Creek, thence into the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. The east side drains into Lily Brook, thence to the Housatonic River and Long Island Sound.

Kinderhook Creek
Kinderhook Creek is a 49.0-mile-long (78.9 km) tributary to Stockport Creek, an inlet of the Hudson River in the United States. From its source in Hancock, Massachusetts, the creek runs southwest through the Taconic Mountains into Rensselaer County, New York, and then into Columbia County. It flows through the towns of Stephentown, New Lebanon, Nassau, Chatham, Kinderhook and Stuyvesant to its mouth at Stockport Creek in the town of Stockport.

Kinderhook Creek has a drainage area of over 329 square miles (850 km2).
Dunfield, Newfoundland and Labrador
Dunfield is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is southwest of Catalina. It had a population of 222 in 1940, 193 in 1951 and 210 in 1956.  Renamed in 1913, the present day Dunfield was once the community of Cuckold's Cove.

Catalina, Newfoundland and Labrador
Catalina (/ˌkætəˈlaɪnə/ KAT-ə-LY-nə) is a community located on the eastern side of the Bonavista Peninsula, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Catalina adjoins the union town of Port Union, the town built for and home to the Fisherman's Union Company established by Sir William Coaker.

The name of the town is purported by E.R. Seary to derive from the French Havre Sainte-Katherine which was later changed to the Spanish name Cataluna.

In 2005 Catalina was amalgamated with Little Catalina, Melrose and Port Union to form the town of Trinity Bay North.
Étude Op. 10, No. 2 (Chopin)
Étude Op. 10, No. 2, in A minor, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin for the piano. Composed in November 1829, it was first published in 1833 in France, Germany, and England. This étude is an exercise in developing the independence of the weaker fingers of the right hand by playing rapid chromatic scale figures with the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the right hand. Meanwhile, the first two fingers of the right and the left hand play an accompaniment of short intervals and single notes. Chopin indicated the fingering himself note by note for almost 800 notes.

Hugo Leichtentritt
Hugo Leichtentritt (1 January 1874, Pleschen, Polish: Pleszew, nearby Posen, Province of Posen – 13 November 1951, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-Jewish musicologist and composer who spent much of his life in the USA. His pupils include composers Leroy Robertson and Erich Walter Sternberg.
Mantua Cathedral
Mantua Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di San Pietro apostolo; Duomo di Mantova) in Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua.

Anselm of Lucca
Anselm of Lucca (Latin: Anselmus; Italian: Anselmo; 1036 – 18 March 1086), born Anselm of Baggio (Anselmo da Baggio), was a medieval bishop of Lucca in Italy and a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy amid the fighting in central Italy between Matilda, countess of Tuscany, and Emperor Henry IV. His uncle Anselm preceded him as bishop of Lucca before being elected to the papacy as Pope Alexander II and so he is sometimes distinguished as Anselm the Younger or Anselm II.
Johan Hartog
Johannes Hartog (Dutch: [ˈjoːɧan ˈɧartɔx]; Baarn, 16 May 1912 – Salzburg, 20 May 1997) was the first editor-in-chief of the bi-weekly news magazine, Amigoe di Curaçao, served from 1940 to 1946. Under his leadership, Amigoe transitioned into a daily newspaper in March 1941.

From 1950 to 1972, after his tenure at the newspaper, Hartog assumed the role of director and librarian of the Public Library of Aruba. His dedication played a vital role in establishment of the library. He received recognition for his numerous achievements, with a notable focus on his significant contributions to the field of history, particularly his publications on Dutch Caribbean history.

Order of Orange-Nassau
The Order of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Orde van Oranje-Nassau) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.

The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has performed acts of special merits for society.” These are people who deserve appreciation and recognition from society for the special way in which they have carried out their activities.

Titles, prefixes, or post-nominals are not used in the Netherlands – the only exception being the Military Order of William.
J. Alfred Smith
James Alfred Smith Sr. (May 19, 1931 – September 19, 2025) was an American pastor of the Allen Temple Baptist Church in Oakland, California.

Ebony Magazine chose Smith to be one of the "Most Influential Black Americans" and was one of the magazine's Top 15 Greatest Black Preachers of 1993.

He was recognized with various honors, including receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Greenling Institute.

Berkeley School of Theology
The Berkeley School of Theology (BST) is a Baptist theological institute in Berkeley, California, U.S.. It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. It is part of the Graduate Theological Union, a consortium of theological schools and centers in the Berkeley area.