hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Likens-Nickerson Apparatus
The Likens-Nickerson apparatus is a piece of laboratory glassware devised by Sam T. Likens and Gail B. Nickerson for the detection of hop oil constituents in 1964. The apparatus performs a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction. The apparatus is typically constructed of borosilicate glass with the cold finger condenser and boiling flasks fitted with ground glass joints. It is typically used to isolate target organic compounds for further quantitative and or qualitative analysis using instrumental chemistry. However, it can also be used to isolate target compound(s) from an aqueous solution as a way of recovering valuable material.

Ground glass joint
Ground glass joints are used in laboratories to quickly and easily fit leak-tight apparatus together from interchangeable commonly available parts. For example, a round bottom flask, Liebig condenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together to reflux a reaction mixture. This is a large improvement compared with older methods of custom-made glassware, which was time-consuming and expensive, or the use of less chemical resistant and heat resistant corks or rubber bungs and glass tubes as joints, which took time to prepare as well.

One of the glassware items to be joined would have an inner (or male) joint with the ground glass surface facing outward and the other would have an outer (or female) joint of a correspondingly fitting taper with the ground glass surface facing inward.  To connect the hollow inner spaces of the glassware components, ground glass joints are hollow on the inside and open at the ends, except for stoppers.
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Al Campanis
Alexander Sebastian Campanis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Σεβαστιανός Καμπάνης; November 2, 1916 – June 21, 1998) was an American executive in Major League Baseball (MLB). He had a brief major league playing career, as a second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1943; he was the first Greek player in MLB history. Campanis is most famous for his position as general manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1968 to 1987, from which he was fired on April 8, 1987, as a result of controversial remarks regarding black people in baseball made during an interview on Nightline two days earlier.

Ted Koppel
Edward James Martin Koppel (born February 8, 1940) is an American broadcast journalist, best known as the anchor for Nightline, from the program's inception in 1980 until 2005.

Before Nightline, he spent 20 years as a broadcast journalist and news anchor for ABC. After becoming host of Nightline, he was regarded as one of the outstanding serious-minded interviewers on American television. Five years after its 1980 debut, the show had a nightly audience of about 7.5 million viewers.

After leaving Nightline, Koppel worked as managing editor for the Discovery Channel, a news analyst for NPR and BBC World News America and a contributor to Rock Center with Brian Williams. Since 2016, Koppel has served as Senior Contributor to CBS News Sunday Morning. His career as a foreign and diplomatic correspondent earned him numerous awards, including nine Overseas Press Club awards and 43 Emmy Awards.
2015 Hardee's Pro Classic – Doubles
Anett Kontaveit and Ilona Kremen were the defending champions, but Kontaveit chose to participate at the 2015 Lale Cup instead whilst Kremen chose not to participate.

Johanna Konta and Maria Sanchez won the title, defeating the second seeds Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Petra Krejsová in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

2015 Lale Cup
The 2015 Lale Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, on 20–26 April 2015.
2023 Richmond Kickers season
The 2023 Richmond Kickers season was the club's 31st season in existence, their fifth season in USL League One, and their 19th season in the third tier of American soccer. The Kickers will be led by fourth-year head coach, Darren Sawatzky. The USL League One season started on March 18, 2023.

USL League One
USL League One (USL1) is a professional men's soccer league in the United States that had its inaugural season in 2019. The Division 3 league is operated by the United Soccer League, the same group that operates the men's Division 2 USL Championship, women's Division 1 league USL Super League, and other leagues. As of 2026, the league has 17 active teams that are scheduled to play 32 regular-season games, followed by playoffs. All teams also participate in the USL Cup, adding four games, followed by knockout rounds.
Sunshine Noodles
Sunshine Noodles was a Cambodian American restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. Owner Diane Lam operated the business from 2019 to 2022, initially as a pop-up noodle bar and later as a brick-and-mortar restaurant in the Slabtown area of Northwest Portland's Northwest District. Despite garnering a positive reception, Lam closed Sunshine Noodles permanently in late 2022 and relocated to San Francisco.

Kuyteav
Kuyteav (Khmer: គុយទាវ, kŭytéav [kujtiəw]) is a Cambodian noodle soup consisting of rice noodles with pork stock and toppings. It is a popular breakfast dish across all of Cambodia. The kuyteav can be found at marketplace stalls, roadside vendors, restaurants and in shophouses across the country, and is distinguished by its clear broth and array of herbs, aromatics and other garnishes and condiments.
2005 Ballymena Borough Council election
Elections to Ballymena Borough Council were held on 5 May 2005 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 24 councillors.

2005 Northern Ireland local elections
Elections for local government were held in Northern Ireland on 5 May 2005, contesting 582 seats in all, along with the 2005 general election across the entire United Kingdom and local elections in England.
Geology of Iran
The main points that are discussed in the geology of Iran include the study of the geological and structural units or zones; stratigraphy; magmatism and igneous rocks; ophiolite series and ultramafic rocks; and orogenic events in Iran.

Kopet Dag
The Köpet Dag (Turkmen: Köpetdag [ˌkœpɛtˈdɑːʁ]; Persian: کپه‌داغ), also known as the Turkmen–Khorasan Mountain Range, is a mountain range on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran that extends about 650 kilometres (400 mi) along the border southeast of the Caspian Sea, stretching northwest-southeast from near the Caspian Sea in the northwest to the Hari River in the southeast. In the southwest it borders on the parallel eastern endings of the Alborz mountains being together part of the much larger Alpide belt. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is the Mount Rizeh (Kuh-e Rizeh), located at the southwest of the capital Ashgabat and stands at 2,940 metres (9,646 ft). The highest Iranian summit is Mount Quchan (Kuh-e Quchan) at 3,191 metres (10,469 ft).
Bogucice, Łódź Voivodeship
Bogucice [bɔɡuˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zadzim, 17 km (11 mi) south of Poddębice, and 35 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
2010 Premier League Snooker
The 2010 PartyCasino.com Premier League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 2 September to 28 November 2010.

Shaun Murphy was the defending champion, but Ronnie O'Sullivan defeated him 7–1 in the final.

Premier League Snooker
The Premier League Snooker was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament. It was held from 1987 until 2012. The tournament was played in a round-robin format over a number of weeks, normally from mid-September to early December, around the other World Snooker events in various locations.
P. P. Wickremasuriya
Perumabadu Piyasena Wickramasuriya (10 March 1921 - 19??) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the member of Parliament of Sri Lanka from Devinuwara representing the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Wickramasuriya first contested the Devinuwara electorate from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the March 1960 general election, but lost to Major C. A. Dharmapala from the United National Party. He was successful in the July 1960 general election in defeating Dharmapala and being elected to parliament from Devinuwara. He crossed over to the opposition with C. P. de Silva in December 1964. He lost is seat in the 1965 general election to William de Silva of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party when he contested from the Sri Lanka Freedom Socialist Party and was defeated by Ronnie de Mel in the 1970 general election, when he contested from the United National Party.

Ronnie de Mel
Ronald Joseph Godfrey de Mel (Sinhala: රොනි ද මැල්; 11 April 1925 – 27 February 2024) was a Sri Lankan civil servant and politician. He served as the Minister of Finance under President J. R. Jayewardene's government from 1977 to 1988 and was instrumental in the establishment of the free market economy in Sri Lanka. He was also the longest serving finance minister of Sri Lanka. De Mel served as a Member of Parliament on multiple occasions, first from the Devinuwara District from 1970 to 1989, then from the Matara District from 1994 to 2000, and finally as a National list member of Parliament from 2000 to 2004. He also served as a Senior Adviser to President Mahinda Rajapaksa. Although he was a self-described socialist, de Mel has been credited with introducing capitalism and capitalist reforms to Sri Lanka's economy.  He left a lasting mark on Sri Lanka's economy and political life, as recognized by national leaders at his funeral.
Hecatomnids
The Hecatomnid dynasty or Hecatomnids were the rulers of Caria and surrounding areas c. 395 – c. 330 BCE. They were satraps (governors) under the Achaemenid Empire, although they ruled with considerable autonomy as a hereditary dynasty. The dynasty had previously ruled the city of Mylasa, which became the capital of Hecatomnus, the first indigenous satrap of Caria. The dynastic capital was moved to Halicarnassus by Mausolus and Artemisia, who built the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, there. The dynasty survived the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire by Alexander the Great when Ada I, the final Hecatomnid ruler of Caria, adopted Alexander the Great as her son. The small family was remarkable for containing so many sets of married siblings.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
Taif Agreement
The 1989 Taif Agreement (Arabic: اتفاق الطائف, French: Accord de Taëf), officially known as the National Reconciliation Accord (وثيقة الوفاق الوطني), was reached to provide "the basis for the ending of the civil war and the return to political normalcy in Lebanon". Negotiated in Taif, Saudi Arabia, it was designed to end the 15 year-long Lebanese Civil War, and reassert the Lebanese government's authority in southern Lebanon, which was controlled at the time by the Christian-separatist South Lebanon Army under the occupational hegemony of Israel. Though the agreement set a time frame for withdrawal of Syrian military forces from Lebanon, stipulating that the Syrian occupation end within two years, Syria did not withdraw its forces from the country until 2005. It was signed on 22 October 1989 and ratified by the Lebanese parliament on 5 November, 1989.

Syrian occupation of Lebanon
The Syrian occupation of Lebanon lasted from 31 May 1976, beginning with the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, until 30 April 2005. This period saw significant Syrian military and political influence over Lebanon, impacting its governance, economy, and society.

During the occupation, tens of thousands of Lebanese civilians were abducted and forcibly disappeared in Ba'athist Syrian prison camps. The whereabouts of an estimated 30,000 of them remain unknown. The occupation ended following intense international pressure and the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. The legacy of the occupation continues to influence Lebanese-Syrian relations and Lebanon's internal political dynamics.
Francesco Peparelli
Francesco Peparelli (died 6 November 1641, Rome) was an Italian architect during the 17th century. According to a contemporary historian, Giovanni Baglione, between palaces, castles, churches and convents, Peparelli participated in about seventy construction projects but only about thirty can be attributed to him with certainty.

Francesco Barberini (1597–1679)
Francesco Barberini (23 September 1597 – 10 December 1679) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. The nephew of Pope Urban VIII (reigned 1623–1644), he benefited immensely from the nepotism practiced by his uncle.  He was given various roles within the Vatican administration but his personal cultural interests, particularly in literature and the arts, meant that he became a highly significant patron. His secretary was the antiquarian Cassiano dal Pozzo who was also a discerning patron of the arts. Francesco was the elder brother of Cardinal Antonio Barberini and Taddeo Barberini who became Prince of Palestrina.
2021 Montevideo Open
The 2021 Montevideo Open was a professional tennis tournament played on red clay courts in Montevideo. It was the first edition for the women and man that was also part of the 2021 WTA 125K series. It took place at the Carrasco Lawn Tennis Club in Montevideo, Uruguay between November 8 and 21, 2021. The 2020 edition could not take place due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 WTA 125 tournaments
The WTA 125 tournaments are the secondary professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2021 calendar consisted of fifteen tournaments due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
2000 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2000 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 4 May 2000 to elect members of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in South Yorkshire, England. Prior to the election, Labour had suffered a by-election loss in South West and two defections to Independent. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

1999 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 1999 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in South Yorkshire, England. Prior to the election, the Liberal Democrats had gained a seat in Wombwell North from Labour. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.
2006 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2006 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Prague, Czech Republic between 2-6 August 2006 under the auspices of International Canoe Federation at the Prague-Troja Canoeing Centre. It was the 30th edition. Prague became the second city to host both the slalom and sprint world championships, having hosted the latter in 1958 when Prague was part of Czechoslovakia. Nottingham, Great Britain was the first, hosting the slalom world championships in 1995 and the sprint world championships in 1981.

1995 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1995 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Nottingham, United Kingdom under the auspices of International Canoe Federation at the Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre. It was the 24th edition. Nottingham became the first city to host the canoe slalom and canoe sprint world championships, having hosted the sprint championships previously in 1981.
St. Angelariy Peak
St. Angelariy Peak (Bulgarian: връх Св. Ангеларий, romanized: vrah Sv. Angelariy, IPA: [ˈvrɤx svɛˈti ɐŋɡɛˈɫarij]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 980 m in Metlichina Ridge on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  It is overlooking Punchbowl Glacier to the north and east, and Minzuhar Glacier to the southwest.

The feature is named after the Bulgarian scholar Saint Angelar (9th century AD), a disciple of Saints Cyril and Methodius.

Minzuhar Glacier
Minzuhar Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Минзухар, romanized: lednik Minzuhar, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik minzoˈxar]) is the 6.5 km long and 3 km wide glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica situated southwest of Punchbowl Glacier and northeast of Jorum Glacier.  It is draining from the southeast slopes of Forbidden Plateau southeastwards between Metlichina Ridge and Yordanov Nunatak to flow into Borima Bay north of Furen Point.

The feature is named after the settlement of Minzuhar in southern Bulgaria.
Blood donation in England
In England, blood and other tissues are collected by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT). NHSBT Blood Donation was previously known as the National Blood Service until it merged with UK Transplant in 2005 to form a NHS special health authority. The other official blood services in the United Kingdom are the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, the Welsh Blood Service and the Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service.

Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service
The Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service (NIBTS) is an independent, special agency of the Department of Health in Northern Ireland, responsible for the collection testing and issuing of blood and blood products to hospitals throughout Northern Ireland. An emergency Blood Transfusion Service was established at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1941 as a result of the Second World War. NIBTS was established by the Ministry of Health in 1946.
Jake Hughes
Jake John Hughes (born 30 May 1994) is a British racing driver who most recently competed in Formula E with Maserati MSG Racing and is also the simulator driver for the McLaren F1 Team. He is the winner of the inaugural BRDC Formula 4 Championship and has won multiple races at Formula 3.

Mercedes-EQ Formula E Team
The Mercedes-EQ Formula E Team was a German racing team that competed in Formula E. The team made its debut at the 2019 Diriyah ePrix as part of the 2019–20 season. Mercedes concluded their involvement at the end of the 2021–22 Formula E World Championship,
with the team being taken over by McLaren and returning under new ownership from the 2022–23 season.
2009 Puerto Rico Soccer League season
The 2009 Puerto Rico Soccer League Playoffs is the second year the format has been used.  It is the championship of the Puerto Rico Soccer League.  The format is the same as the 2008 edition with the top 4 teams from the league playing in the Tournament.  The only significant change is that there will be a Home Leg and an Away Leg for the Semifinals and final.  These teams play in the Semi-finals with the winner of each match going on to the  Championship game.

2008 Puerto Rico Soccer League season
The 2008 Puerto Rico Soccer League Playoffs is the first year the tournament has been held. It is the championship of the Puerto Rico Soccer League. The format is set up for the  top 4 teams from the league playing in the Tournament. These teams play in the Semi-finals with the winner of each match going on to the Championship game.
Arturzinho
Artur dos Santos Lima (born 13 May 1956), known as Arturzinho, is a Brazilian professional football coach and former player who was most recently in charge of Centro Esportivo Social Arturzinho in 2019.

Before his career as a coach, Arturzinho played as a midfielder, most notably for Vitória and Bahia.

Copa Santa Catarina
The Copa Santa Catarina (English: Santa Catarina Cup) is a tournament organized by the Santa Catarina State Football Federation every second half of the season. It is played by Santa Catarina state teams. The competition's winner gains the right to compete in the same year's Recopa Sul-Brasileira and in the following year's Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The competition was formed in 1990.
Tilda Cobham-Hervey
Tilda Cobham-Hervey (born 4 September 1994) is an Australian actress. She made her film debut in 52 Tuesdays, a critically acclaimed independent film directed by Sophie Hyde, and has also appeared on stage. She appeared in the 2018 film Hotel Mumbai, and starred as feminist icon Helen Reddy in the 2019 biopic I Am Woman. In 2023 she starred in the Amazon Prime TV series The Lost Flowers of Alice Hart. As of 2025 she is making a feature film, as writer, director, and actor, called It's All Going Very Well No Problems At All.

Antipodean Film Festival
The Antipodean Film Festival (French: Rencontres internationales du cinéma des Antipodes), variously referred to as Festival des Antipodes, Antipodes International Film Festival, Antipodes Film Festival Saint Tropez, Saint Tropez Film Festival and other variations, is a film festival showcasing New Zealand and Australian  films, held annually in St Tropez in France since 1999.

Most of the events take place at the Renaissance Cinema on Place des Lices in Saint Tropez. The event, which runs for three days, includes a Junior Antipodes section and a feature film competition.

The 2021 edition was given the label "Australia Now France 2021-2022", making it part of a celebration of many aspects of Australia in France which includes projects and collaborations throughout the country.
John Baume
John Lea Baume (18 July 1920  – 15 September 2005) was an English international rugby union player.

Baume, born in Dewsbury, was educated at Ashville College and served with the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers.

A front-row forward, Baume played his rugby for the Army, Northern, Headingley and Harrogate. He gained an England cap against Scotland at Murrayfield Stadium during the 1950 Five Nations Championship.

Ashville College
Ashville College is a co-educational independent school for both day (exclusively so from September 2025) and boarding pupils aged 2–18 in Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England.

It was founded in 1877 as a boarding school for boys by the United Methodist Free Churches. It incorporated Elmfield College, Heworth, York and New College, Harrogate in the 1930s. The school maintains a Methodist ethos but is open to non-Methodists and to those of non-Christian religions. The college accepted girls in 1982 and is fully co-educational. It thrives as the oldest independent school in Harrogate and owns an estate of 60 acres (24 ha) on the south side of the spa town.