hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 NCAA women's gymnastics tournament
The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team champions with a total of 198.075 points, defeating Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Utah, and Washington.

NCAA women's gymnastics tournament
The NCAA women's gymnastics tournament is an annual competition sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the team and individual national champions of women's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States. Unlike most other NCAA-sponsored sports, the women's gymnastics championship is not separated into divisions and uses a single National Collegiate tournament instead.
Crafton Hills
The Crafton Hills are a low mountain range of the Transverse Ranges System, in Southern California.

They are located near Yucaipa, east of the city of San Bernardino in San Bernardino County. The range is south of the San Bernardino Mountains foothills.

Yucaipa, California
Yucaipa (Serrano: Yukaipa't) is a city located 10 miles (16 km) east of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 54,542 at the 2020 census, up from 51,367 at the 2010 census. Yucaipa has the distinction of being the longtime home to a large population of Serrano Native Americans.
Conspiracy theory (legal term)
In law, a conspiracy theory is a theory of a case that presents a conspiracy to be considered by a trier of fact. A basic tenet of "traditional 'conspiracy theory'" is that each co-conspirator is liable for acts of co-conspirators "during the existence of and in furtherance of the conspiracy". Procedures and proof requirements for conspiracy theory litigation as well as the definition of 'conspiracy' vary by jurisdiction (British, U.S., …) and body of law (criminal, civil, …). In civil litigation, it can offer advantages relative to aiding-and-abetting or joint tortfeasor case theories.

Civil wrong
A civil wrong or wrong is a cause of action under civil law. Types include tort, breach of contract and breach of trust.

Something that amounts to a civil wrong is wrongful. A wrong involves the violation of a right because wrong and right are contrasting terms. An 1860 legal ruling stated that: "It is essential to an action in tort that the act complained of should under the circumstances be legally wrongful as regards the party complaining; that is, it must prejudicially affect him in some legal right".

The law that relates to civil wrongs is part of the branch of the law that is called the civil law. A civil wrong can be followed by civil proceedings. It is a misnomer to describe a civil wrong as a "civil offence". The law of England recognised the concept of a wrong before it recognised the distinction between civil wrongs and crimes in the 13th century.
Tas-Anna
Tas-Anna (Russian: Тас-Анна) is a rural locality (a selo) in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 47 kilometers (29 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from Daban, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 201.

Daban, Russia
Daban (Russian: Дабан; Yakut: Дабаан, Dabaan) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Dabansky Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 85 kilometers (53 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 562.
Qian Liu
Qian Liu (10 March 852 – 6 May 932), courtesy name Jumei, childhood name Poliu, also known by his temple name as the King Taizu of Wuyue (吳越太祖), was the founding king of Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. He was originally a warlord of the late Tang dynasty.

Later Tang
Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors. The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.  The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923.
Donizo
Donizo (also Domnizo, Donizone) of Canossa, was an Italian monk and author in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. His work is an important source on Matilda of Tuscany and her dynasty, and also on Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Controversy more generally.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Ethiopia and Eritrea
The Catholic Bishops’ Conference Of Ethiopia And Eritrea, also known as the Episcopal Conference of Ethiopia And Eritrea is an episcopal conference of the Catholic Church.

In Ethiopia there are two organizations of Bishops: the Bishops' Conference of Ethiopia and Eritrea (Ethiopian and Eritrean Episcopal Conference), which brings together the bishops of both countries regardless of their particular churches and liturgical rites, and Council of the Ethiopian Church (Ethiopian Council of the Church), which brings together the Catholic ordinaries of the Ethiopian rite of Ethiopia and Eritrea.

For both conferences, the current president is Archbishop of Addis Ababa, Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel.

Ethiopian Catholic Church
The Ethiopian Catholic Church is a sui iuris (autonomous) Eastern Catholic church that is based in Ethiopia. As a particular church of the Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Holy See. Established in 1930, the church is organised under a metropolitan bishop who exercises oversight of a number suffragan dioceses. In its liturgical services, it uses the Alexandrian Rite in the Geʽez language (a local liturgical language).

It holds to the Christological doctrines defined at the Council of Chalcedon and accepts the universal jurisdiction of the pope. These points distinguish it from the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, an Oriental Orthodox church which comprises most Christians in the country.
Gmina Konopnica, Łódź Voivodeship
Gmina Konopnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Konopnica, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Wieluń and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 83.06 square kilometres (32.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,897.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Warta-Widawka Landscape Park.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Yelena Akhaminova
Yelena Rabigovna Sokolovskaya (née Akhaminova) (Russian: Еле́на Раби́говна Соколо́вская (Ахами́нова)) (born 5 October 1961 in Sverdlovsk) is a Soviet Russian-born Ukrainian former volleyball player and coach. As a player for the Soviet Union she is an Olympic gold medallist (in 1980) and European champion (in 1979).

CEV Women's Champions League
The Women's CEV Champions League, formerly known as CEV Champions Cup (from 1960 to 2000), is the top official competition for women's volleyball clubs of Europe and takes place every year. It is organized by the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV) and was created in 1960 as CEV Champions Cup. On 13 November 2000, it was officially presented in Florence under a new format and renamed CEV Champions League.
Cheiloplasty
Cheiloplasty or surgical lip restoration (from  Greek: χείλος kheilos – "lip") is the technical term for surgery of the lip usually performed by a plastic surgeon or oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Among other procedures it includes lip reduction, the process of surgically reducing the size of the lip or lips to reduce the appearance of abnormally large or protruding lips, as well as the process of forming an artificial tip or part of the lips by using a piece of healthy tissue from some neighboring part. The procedure can also larger.

Cheiloplasty can be performed to treat tight lip syndrome in Shar Pei dogs by repositioning the lower lip and allowing it to heal in a normal position.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical speciality focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery and rhinoplasty.
2000 goracing.com 500
The 2000 goracing.com 500 was the 23rd stock car race of the 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 40th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 26, 2000, Bristol, Tennessee at Bristol Motor Speedway, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Rusty Wallace, driving for Penske-Kranefuss Racing would manage to take the lead on the final restart with 40 to go to win his 53rd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his fourth and final win of the season. To fill out the podium, Tony Stewart of Joe Gibbs Racing and Mark Martin of Roush Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Bass Pro Shops Night Race
The Bass Pro Shops Night Race is a NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. It is one of two NASCAR Cup Series races held at Bristol, the other being the Food City 500. From 1978 to 2019, the race has been held in late August, typically on the last weekend of the month, on a Saturday night.

The race is currently the third race in the NASCAR Chase. Christopher Bell is the defending race winner.
Countess of Northumberland
Countess of Northumberland is a title given to the wife of the Earl of Northumberland. Women who have held the title include:

Eleanor Neville, Countess of Northumberland (c.1397-1472)

Mary Percy, Countess of Northumberland (died 1572)

Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland (1536-1596)

Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland (c.1564-1619)

Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland (1646-1690)

Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland
Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland (née Somerset; 1536 – 17 October 1596) was an English noblewoman and one of the instigators of the Northern Rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I of England. To avoid punishment for her prominent role in the failed insurrection, Anne, along with her infant daughter, was forced into exile in Flanders, where she spent the rest of her life involving herself in Catholic plots and maintaining contact with the other English Catholic exiles. In Liège while living on a pension from King Philip II of Spain, she wrote Discours des troubles du Comte du Northumberland. Her husband Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, who had led the rebellion, was executed for treason. Three of her daughters were left behind in England and raised by their paternal uncle, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland.
Battle of Marj Rahit (684)
The Battle of Marj Rahit (Arabic: يوم مرج راهط, romanized: Yawm Marj Rāhiṭ) was one of the early battles of the Second Fitna. It was fought on 18 August 684 between the Kalb-dominated armies of the Yaman tribal confederation, supporting the Umayyads under Caliph Marwan I, and the Qays under al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, who supported the Mecca-based Caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The decisive Umayyad victory consolidated their power over Bilad al-Sham (the Islamic Levant), paving the way for their eventual victory in the war against the Zubayrids. However, it also left a bitter legacy of division and rivalry between the Qays and the Yaman, which would be a constant source of strife and instability for the remainder of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Hugh N. Kennedy
Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic. He specialises in the history of the early Islamic Middle East, Muslim Iberia and the Crusades. From 1997 to 2007, he was Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St Andrews. Since 2007, he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London.
John B. Todd Stadium
John B. Todd Stadium is a football stadium in Newport News, Virginia located on Warwick Boulevard between Minton and Hidenwood Drives. It is named after John B. Todd, who was a standout football player at Newport News High School and The College of William and Mary.

Todd Stadium is owned and operated by Newport News Public Schools since its opening in 1967.  All five high schools in Newport News use the stadium for football as well as track meets in order to consolidate resources among their members.  Joseph S. Darling Memorial Stadium in nearby Hampton, Virginia serves high schools in Hampton in a similar fashion.

Todd Stadium has a capacity of 7,700 people.  It is typically packed for AAA Peninsula District games and has also been used for state championship football games, most recently for the 2006 AAA Division 5 Championship between Phoebus High School and Edison High School.  Todd Stadium is also used for the VHSL AAA state track and field championships.

Peninsula District
The Peninsula District is a district of the Virginia High School League (VHSL). It consists of public high schools in the cities of Hampton and Newport News, as well as Gloucester High School in Gloucester County.

Schools in the Peninsula District compete in the VHSL's Class 4 and Class 5 regions.
Hira Unka
Hira Unka (1 June 1943 – 10 August 2012) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in 25 first-class and five List A matches for Northern Districts between 1968 and 1976.

A right-arm opening bowler, Unka took his best first-class figures in the opening match of the 1973–74 Plunket Shield: 6 for 67 against Otago. He also played Hawke Cup cricket for Bay of Plenty from 1970 to 1981.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
University of Putra Malaysia
University of Putra Malaysia (Malay: Universiti Putra Malaysia), abbreviated as UPM, is a Malaysian public research university located in Serdang, Selangor. Formerly it was named Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Agricultural University of Malaysia), focusing on agricultural sciences and related fields. Since the 1990s, the fields of study have expanded to include human ecology, languages, architecture, medicine, computer science and biotechnology. Currently there are 15 faculties, 11 institutes and 2 schools covering these as well as agriculture, forestry, veterinary medicine, economics, engineering, sciences, and education.

UPM has been recognised as a research university since 2006, one of five present in Malaysia. In 2010, self-accreditation status was awarded by Malaysian Qualifications Agency to simplify the procedure of accrediting academic programs, strengthening its own Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) system to compete among local universities.

Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia)
The Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation has been Chang Lih Kang since 3 December 2022. He is deputised by Deputy Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Yusof Apdal since 12 December 2023. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
Wasekamio Lake
Wasekamio Lake is a glacial lake in northern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is part of a series of connected lakes that flow south into the Churchill River drainage system. These lakes from north to south are Wasekamio Lake, Turnor Lake, Frobisher Lake, and Churchill Lake. Just north of Wasekamio Lake is the Clearwater River that flows west to the Athabasca River.

Frobisher Lake
Frobisher Lake is a large, irregularly shaped glacial lake in the northern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is situated between Turnor Lake and Churchill Lake in the Churchill River drainage basin about 59 kilometres (37 mi) north-northeast of Buffalo Narrows.

There are no permanent settlements on Frobisher Lake — only an outfitters with four cabins. The closest community is Turnor Lake, which is accessed by Highway 909. From Turnor Lake, road access (Road 909) was built to Frobisher Lake.
Rawlins Gould
Rawlins Gould (1821 – 18 March 1873) was an English architect.

Gould completed an apprenticeship as an architect, in the office of George Townsend Andrews.  In 1855, Andrews made him a partner.  Andrews died a few months later, and Gould took over the practice.

Gould died in 1873, and in his will he left £500 to the York Charity Trustees, to be invested in stock, the dividends to be used to buy bread, to be distributed annually to ten poor widows.

Gould's buildings include:

St Margaret's Church, Huttons Ambo (1856)

1 Museum Street, York (1860)

Holy Trinity Church, King's Court, York (1861; demolished)

Hornsea railway station (1864)

Bootham Park Hospital Chapel, York (1865)

East Riding Bank, Malton (1866)

York Lodge, Heworth (1869)

George Townsend Andrews
George Townsend Andrews (19 December 1804 – 29 December 1855) was an English architect  born in Exeter.  He is noted for his buildings designed for George Hudson's railways, especially the York and North Midland Railway.  Andrews' architect's practice in York did not confine itself to railway work, its other buildings including headquarters for two York-based banks and a number of churches.
Brampton Fire and Emergency Services
Brampton Fire and Emergency Services provides fire protection, technical rescue services, hazardous materials response, and first responder emergency medical assistance to the City of Brampton in the Peel Region of Ontario, Canada. It operates thirteen fire halls and coordinates with other emergency services in Peel Region and the Greater Toronto Area:

Mississauga Fire and Rescue

Toronto Fire Services

Caledon Fire Department

Vaughan Fire Rescue

Toronto Fire Services
Toronto Fire Services (TFS), commonly called Toronto Fire, provides fire protection, technical rescue services, hazardous materials response, and first responder emergency medical assistance in Toronto, Ontario. TFS is currently the largest municipal fire department in Canada.
Peer exchange
Peer exchange, or PEX, is a communications protocol that augments the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. It allows a group of users (or peers) that are collaborating to share a given file to do so more swiftly and efficiently.

In the original design of the BitTorrent file sharing protocol, peers (users) in a file sharing group (known as a swarm) relied upon a central server, called a tracker, to find each other and to maintain the swarm. PEX greatly reduces the reliance of peers on a tracker by allowing each peer to directly update others in the swarm as to which peers are currently in the swarm. By reducing dependency on a centralized tracker, PEX increases the speed, efficiency, and robustness of the BitTorrent protocol.

BitTorrent (software)
BitTorrent is a proprietary adware BitTorrent client developed by Bram Cohen and Rainberry, Inc. used for uploading and downloading files via the BitTorrent protocol. BitTorrent was the first client written for the protocol. It is often nicknamed Mainline by developers denoting its official origins. Since version 6.0 the BitTorrent client has been a rebranded version of μTorrent. As a result, it is no longer open source. It is currently available for Microsoft Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android. There are currently two versions of the software, "BitTorrent Classic" which inherits the historical version numbering, and "BitTorrent Web", which uses its own version numbering.
Dingley Arterial Project
The Dingley Arterial Road Project (in the Dingley Freeway reserve) is a partially completed arterial standard road which runs east to west through the southern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia.

Although the road was designed to be a freeway for the full length of the planned 19-kilometre route, plans have instead evolved over time, which has resulted in the construction of bypasses for the Melbourne suburbs of Mordialloc, Springvale, and Dandenong.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Bozhou
Bozhou (Chinese: 亳州; pinyin: Bózhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It borders Huaibei to the northeast, Bengbu to the southeast, Huainan to the south, Fuyang to the southwest, and Henan to the north. Its population was 4,996,844 at the 2020 census, of whom 1,537,231 lived in the built-up area made of Qiaocheng urban district, even though the county remains largely rural.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.