hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oplonia spinosa
Oplonia spinosa, the pricklybush, is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae, endemic to several Caribbean islands. It is a spiny shrub ranging in height from dwarf to 3 meters, with curved spines 4–12 mm long, and leaves variable in size and shape.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
The Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published on behalf of the Indian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The journal publishes articles on the subject of dentistry, oral pathology, and maxillofacial surgery.

CAB Direct
CAB Direct is a source of references for the applied life sciences It incorporates two  bibliographic databases: CAB Abstracts and Global Health. CAB Direct is an access point for multiple bibliographic databases produced by CABI. This database contains over 11 million bibliographic records, which includes  746,000 full text articles. It also includes noteworthy literature reviews. News articles and reports are also part of this combined database. CAB Direct has now migrated to CABI's new platform CABI Digital Library - the new home of CABI's research content.

In the U.K., in 1947, the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux became the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux or CAB. In 1986 the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux became CAB International or CABI.
Manikganj District
Manikganj District (Bengali: মানিকগঞ্জ জেলা, romanized: Mānikgoñj Jela; Bengali pronunciation: [mɑnɪkˈɡondʒ]) is a district in central Bangladesh and part of the Dhaka Division. It was established in 1845 as a subdivision of Faridpur District, then in 1853, it was transferred to Dhaka District for administrative purposes. Finally in 1984, Manikganj was declared a full district.

Faridpur District
Faridpur District (Bengali: ফরিদপুর জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh. It is a part of Dhaka Division. It is bounded by the Padma River to the northeast. The district was named for its headquarters, the city of Faridpur, which itself was named for Farīd-ud-Dīn Masʿūd, a 13th-century Sufi saint. A separate district was created by severing Dhaka district in 1786 and was called Dacca Jelalpur. A municipality was established in 1869. Historically, the town was known as Fatehabad. It was also called Haveli Mahal Fatehabad.
Edge effects
In ecology, edge effects are changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two or more habitats. Areas with small habitat fragments exhibit especially pronounced edge effects that may extend throughout the range. As the edge effects increase, the boundary habitat allows for greater biodiversity.

Urbanization is causing humans to continuously fragment landscapes and thus increase the edge effect.  This change in landscape ecology is proving to have consequences. Generalist species, especially invasive ones, have been seen to benefit from this landscape change whilst specialist species are suffering.  For example, the alpha diversity of edge-intolerant birds in Lacandona rainforest, Mexico, is decreasing as edge effects increase.

Alpha diversity
In ecology, alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the mean species diversity in a site at a local scale. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker together with the terms beta diversity (β-diversity) and gamma diversity (γ-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (gamma diversity) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites at a more local scale (alpha diversity) and the differentiation among those sites (beta diversity).
2019 CAA men's soccer tournament
The 2019 CAA men's soccer tournament, was the 37th edition of the tournament. It determined the Colonial Athletic Association's automatic berth into the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament. The tournament began November 8 and concluded on November 16.

James Madison, the defending champions, repeated as champions, defeating UNCW in the final.

CAA men's soccer tournament
The Coastal Athletic Association men's soccer tournament is the annual conference championship tournament for the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA). The tournament has been held every year since 1983, when the CAA began sponsoring a men's soccer program.
Wood End, Bedfordshire
Wood End (or Kempston Wood End) is a small village located in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire England.

The settlement was historically one of the hamlets (or "Ends") of Kempston. Today, Wood End forms part of Kempston Rural, and is the southernmost settlement within the parish. Wood End is also close to Keeley Green, and Wootton.

Borough of Bedford
Bedford, or the Borough of Bedford, is a local government district with borough status in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England. It is administered by Bedford Borough Council, a unitary authority. The council is based in Bedford, the borough's namesake and principal settlement, which is the county town of Bedfordshire.

The Bedford built-up-area is the 71st largest in the United Kingdom and also includes Kempston and Biddenham. Away from the Bedford built-up area the borough includes a large rural area with many villages. 75% of the borough's population live in the Bedford built-up and the five large villages which surround it, which makes up slightly less than 6% of the total land area of the borough.

The borough is also the location of the Wixams new settlement, immediately south of Bedford, which received its first residents in 2009.
Carbonite (explosive)
Carbonite was one of the earliest and most successful coal-mining explosives. It is made from such ingredients as nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate as that of sodium; also nitrobenzene, sulfur, and diatomaceous earth. Carbonite was invented by Bichel of Schmidt and Bichel.

The term Carbonite can refer to these things:

least commonly, an early explosive from Schmidt and Bichel made of sulphuretted tar oil, nitrocumene, and sodium nitrate,

dynamite made to the specific Carbonite recipe and sold by Schmidt and Bichel under that name, or

an entire class of spin-offs of the original recipe (Arctic Carbonite, Ammonkarbonit, etc.); their common feature is that the percentage of combustible materials (wood meal or flour starch) is so high that most of the carbon in the reaction is bound into carbon monoxide and the temperature of combustion is relatively low. Some safety dynamites are carbonites.

Dynamite
Diatomaceous earth (or any other type of absorbent material) soaked in nitroglycerin.

Protective coating surrounding the explosive material.

Blasting cap.

Electrical cable (or fuse) connected to the blasting cap.

Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germany, and was patented in 1867. It rapidly gained wide-scale use as a more robust alternative to the traditional black powder explosives. It allows the use of nitroglycerine's favorable explosive properties while greatly reducing its risk of accidental detonation.
Conquest Brigade
The Conquest Brigade (Arabic: لواء الفتح, romanized: Liwa al-Fath), also known as Battalion of Conquest or al-Fatah Brigade, was a Sunni Islamist Free Syrian Army group that took part in the Syrian Civil War. One of the largest rebel factions active in Aleppo Governorate during the early civil war, the militia played a major part in the fighting for Aleppo city and other battles. As result of conflicts with government forces and later the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant it declined after 2013.The Conquest Brigade became part of the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (TFSA) in 2016, also engaging in fighting with the Syrian Democratic Forces.

Menagh Air Base
Menagh Air Base (Arabic: قَاعِدَة مَطَار مِنِّغ, romanized: Qāʿidat Maṭār Minniḡ), also known as Minnigh airport or Minakh Air Base is a Syrian Air Force installation located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Azaz, Aleppo Governorate, Syria near the village of Manaq.

Menagh Air Base was home to the 4th Flying Training Squadron, equipped with MBB 223 Flamingo trainer aircraft and Mil Mi-8 helicopters.
Brockton Point
Brockton Point is a headland off the Downtown Peninsula of Vancouver, on the north side of Coal Harbour.  Named after Francis Brockton, it is the most easterly part of Stanley Park and is home to a 100-year-old lighthouse and several hand-carved totem poles made in British Columbia.  Like the rest of Stanley Park coastline, Brockton Point is lined by the Vancouver Seawall.

Part of the land at the point was first cleared in 1865 in order to construct a sawmill.  Due to rough currents around the point and a reef offshore, the Burnaby Shoal, however, the mill was built in Gastown and the point instead became the primary sports fields of early Vancouver. The main sporting venue, Brockton Oval, has been visited by cricket players such as Donald Bradman, Fred Trueman and Geoffrey Boycott. Cricket and rugby football are still played here.

Seawall (Vancouver)
The seawall in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is a stone wall that was constructed around the perimeter of Stanley Park to prevent erosion of the park's foreshore and is the world's longest uninterrupted waterfront path. Colloquially, the term also denotes the pedestrian, bicycle, and rollerblading pathway on the seawall, one which has been extended far outside the boundaries of Stanley Park and which has become one of the most-used features of the park by both locals and tourists.

While the whole path is not built upon the seawall, the total distance from CRAB park, around Stanley Park and False Creek to Spanish Banks is about 30 kilometres (19 mi).

Despite perennial conflicts between pedestrians, cyclists, and inline skaters, park users consider the seawall to be the most important feature of Stanley Park and it is the most used feature within the park.
Paygan
The Paygān (also known as Paighan) were the conscript light infantry unit within the Sasanian army and formed the bulk of its infantry force.

During peacetime, the corps could have had police force roles.

Aswaran
The Aswārān (singular aswār), also spelled Asbārān and Savaran, was a cavalry force that formed the backbone of the army of the Sasanian Empire. They were provided by the aristocracy, were heavily armored, and ranged from archers to cataphracts.
Battle of Wittenweiher
The Battle of Wittenweiher took place on August 9, 1638, near the village of Wittenweiher today: Wittenweier, a district of Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg, which was completely destroyed in the course of the battle.

Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg
Schwanau (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːnaʊ]) is a municipality in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.  It was formed in 1971/1972 with the merger of the villages of Allmannsweier, Nonnenweier, Ottenheim and Wittenweier.
Honoré Brunelle Tourigny
Honoré Brunelle Tourigny (September 23, 1857 – September 25, 1918) was a surveyor, engineer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Nicolet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1888 to 1890 as a Conservative.

He was born in Gentilly, Canada East, the son of Honoré Tourigny and Célina Brunelle, and was educated at the Collège de Nicolet, where he received a degree in civil engineering and surveying. Tourigny was surveyor for the town of Trois-Rivières and chief engineer for the St. Lawrence, Lower Laurentian and Saguenay Railway. In 1881, he married Lumina Legendre. He was elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1888 by-election held after the election of Louis-Trefflé Dorais was overturned by the courts and was defeated by Joseph-Victor Monfette when he ran for reelection in 1890. He died in Trois-Rivières at the age of 61.

Joseph-Victor Monfette
Joseph-Victor Monfette (October 13, 1841 – September 16, 1924) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Nicolet in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec as a member of the Parti National.

He was born in Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets, Canada East, the son of Jean-Baptiste Monfet and Rosalie Gagnon. Monfette was a justice of the peace and owned a farm at Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard. Monfette was married twice: to Elmire Tousignant in 1866 and to Célina Legendre (née Pépin) in 1901. He was mayor of Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard from 1882 to 1890, from 1896 to 1901 and from 1910 to 1913. He died in Sainte-Sophie-de-Lévrard at the age of 82.
Visbur
Visbur or Wisbur (Old Norse "Certain/Undoubted Son") was a legendary Swedish king of the House of Ynglings and the son of Vanlandi. He was burned to death inside his hall by the arson of two of his own sons in revenge for rejecting their mother and denying them their heritage. He was succeeded by his son Dómaldi.

Historia Norwegiæ
Historia Norwegiæ is a brief history of Norway written in Latin by an anonymous monk. The only surviving copy is in the private possession of the Earl of Dalhousie, and is now kept in the National Records of Scotland in Edinburgh. This manuscript contains eight historical texts in total, with the Historia in folios 1r–12r. The manuscript was copied around 1500–1510, but the work itself is considered to have been written much earlier. Scholarly estimates on its date of composition have ranged from the 1150s to as late as c. 1300, but a majority of researchers favor a date between 1170 and 1220.

Historia Norwegiæ belongs to a group of medieval Norwegian histories known as the "Norwegian synoptics," alongside the Latin Historia de antiquitate regum Norwagiensium by Theodoricus monachus and the Old Norse vernacular text Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum.
Michaël Trahan
Michaël Trahan (born 1984) is a Canadian poet from Quebec.

Born and raised in Acton Vale, he moved to Montreal in the early 2000s. His first book of poetry, Nœud coulant, won the Prix Émile-Nelligan, the Prix Alain-Grandbois and the Prix du Festival de la poésie de Montréal in 2014. His second book, La raison des fleurs, won the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.

He is also the author of La postérité du scandale : Petite histoire de la réception de Sade (1909-1939), a non-fiction study of the writings of the Marquis de Sade.

Governor General's Award for French-language poetry
This is a list of recipients of the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for French language poetry or drama was divided.
2019 Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race
The 2019 Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 27 January 2019 in Geelong, Australia. It was the fifth edition of the Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race and the second event of the 2019 UCI World Tour.

2018 runner-up Elia Viviani, from Italy, improved upon that position, as the Deceuninck–Quick-Step rider led home a 33-rider group at the finish to take the victory, ahead of the highest-placed Australian rider Caleb Ewan (Lotto–Soudal). The podium was completed by the previous week's Tour Down Under winner Daryl Impey, who finished third for the second year in succession for Mitchelton–Scott.

2018 Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race
The 2018 Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 28 January 2018 in Australia. It was the fourth edition of the Cadel Evans Great Ocean Road Race and the second event of the 2018 UCI World Tour.

Australian rider Jay McCarthy (Bora–Hansgrohe) led home a 24-rider select group at the finish to take the victory, ahead of Italy's Elia Viviani from the Quick-Step Floors team in second position, while South Africa's Daryl Impey, the World Tour ranking leader, completed the podium for Mitchelton–Scott.
Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999
Austria was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "Reflection", written by Dave Moskin, and performed by Bobbie Singer. The Austrian participating broadcaster Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), internally selected its entry for the contest. The broadcaster returned to the contest after a one-year absence following its relegation from 1998 as one of the six entrants with the least total average points over the preceding five contests. On 12 February 1999, ORF announced that it had internally selected Bobbie Singer, while "Reflection" was presented to the public on 25 February 1999 during the ORF programme Vera.

Austria competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 29 May 1999. Performing during the show in position 18, Austria placed tenth out of the 23 participating countries, scoring 65 points.

Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "When You Need Me", written by Bronagh Mullan, and performed by The Mullans. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through a national final.
Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2023
Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2023 was the 67th Miss Universe Puerto Rico pageant, held at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on August 24, 2023.

Ashley Cariño of Fajardo crowned Karla Guilfú of Patillas as her successor at the end of the event, and she represented Puerto Rico at Miss Universe 2023, held in El Salvador on November 18, where she was placed in the Top 5.

Miss Universe 2023
Miss Universe 2023 was the 72nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Gimnasio Nacional José Adolfo Pineda in San Salvador, El Salvador, on 18 November 2023.

At the conclusion of the event, Sheynnis Palacios of Nicaragua was crowned as Miss Universe 2023 by R'Bonney Gabriel of the United States. This was Nicaragua's first win in the pageant's history, and the country's first ever victory in the Big Four international beauty pageants.

Contestants from eighty-four countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was presented by Jeannie Mai and Miss Universe 2012, Olivia Culpo for the second consecutive time, along with Maria Menounos. Miss Universe 2018, Catriona Gray and Zuri Hall also served as backstage correspondents for the second time. John Legend performed in this edition.
Afromimus
Afromimus (meaning "Africa mimic") is a genus of ceratosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger. It contains a single species, A. tenerensis, named in 2017 by Paul Sereno from parts of the right leg, vertebrae, and ribs found in the Ténéré Desert. It was originally described as a genus of ornithomimosaurian, but subsequent arguments have placed it as a taxon within or close to the superfamily Abelisauroidea.

Glossary of dinosaur anatomy
This glossary explains technical terms commonly employed in the description of dinosaur body fossils. Besides dinosaur-specific terms, it covers terms with wider usage, when these are of central importance in the study of dinosaurs or when their discussion in the context of dinosaurs is beneficial. The glossary does not cover ichnological and bone histological terms, nor does it cover measurements.
2012–13 Air Force Falcons men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Air Force Falcons men's basketball team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by first-year head coach Dave Pilipovich, they played their home games at Clune Arena on the Air Force Academy's main campus in Colorado Springs, Colorado. They finished the season 18–14, with an 8–8 record in Mountain West play, finishing in sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Mountain West tournament to UNLV. They were invited to the 2013 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament where they defeated Hawaiʻi in the first round before losing in the second round to Weber State.

2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 2012 with the 2K Sports Classic and ended with the 2013 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four on April 6, 2013 and national championship game on April 8, 2013, both held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia.
Conway triangle notation
In geometry, the Conway triangle notation simplifies and clarifies the algebraic expression of various trigonometric relationships in a triangle. Using the symbol ⁠⁠ for twice the triangle's area, the symbol ⁠⁠ is defined to mean ⁠⁠ times the cotangent of any arbitrary angle ⁠⁠.

The notation is named after English mathematician John Horton Conway, who promoted its use, but essentially the same notation (using ⁠⁠ instead of ⁠⁠) can be found in an 1894 paper by Spanish mathematician Juan Jacobo Durán Loriga.

John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician. He was active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.
São José do Inhacorá
São José do Inhacorá is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Originally, this little city was a district of Três de Maio and obtained its emancipation in 1992.

The city is considered the less dangerous in Brazil to live, and it shares this status with Borá. Violence is virtually eradicated (0 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants).

Três de Maio
Três de Maio (English: "Third of May") is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located at 27°45′09″S 54°14′37″W﻿ / ﻿27.752602°S 54.243707°W﻿ / -27.752602; -54.243707.

It has an area of 422,2 km2. It is located 343 m over sea level. As of 2020 its population was estimated to be 23,876 inhabitants. Its climate is mild with temperatures of 20 °C (68 °F) to 35 °C (95 °F) in summer and 0 (32 °F) to 15 °C (59 °F) in winter.
1962–63 NBA season
The 1962–63 NBA season was the 17th season of the National Basketball Association.  The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 5th straight NBA Championship, beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.

1963 NBA All-Star Game
The 13th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 16, 1963, at Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles, home of the Los Angeles Lakers. The coaches were Boston Celtics' Red Auerbach for the East, and the Lakers' Fred Schaus for the West, their second straight time together. This was the last All-Star game to feature one of the original All-Stars from the 1951 game, with Bob Cousy making his thirteenth and final All-Star appearances.

The East All-Stars won 115–108, with Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics winning the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player award after logging 19 points and 24 rebounds.