hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sikh state
A Sikh state is a political entity that is ruled by Sikhs. There were various Sikh states, empires, and dynasties, beginning with the first Sikh state established by Banda Singh Bahadur to the Sikh-ruled princely states of British India. Sikhism turned toward militancy by the end of the 17th century and by the 18th century, the Sikhs had established themselves as a dominant player in regional affairs, becoming the political elite of the Punjab. This transformation has been described as being one of rebels turning into rulers. During British-rule, the idea of Sikhs being a unique nation developed further and was aided by the colonial administrative policies. However, territoriality has not played a major part in the self-identity of the Sikhs.

Nader Shah's invasion of India
In May 1738, Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (1736–1747) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded Northern India, eventually sacking Delhi in March 1739. His army easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and then occupied the Mughal capital.

Nader Shah's victory against the weak and crumbling Mughal Empire in the far east meant that he could afford to turn back and resume war against Persia's archrival, the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, as well as launch further campaigns in the North Caucasus and Central Asia.

The loss of the Mughal treasury, which was carried back to Persia, dealt the final blow to the effective power of the Mughal Empire in India.
Target practice
Target practice is a key part of both military training and shooting sports. It involves exercises where people shoot weapons at specific targets. The main goal is to improve the shooter's accuracy and skill with firearms. Through repeated practice, participants build essential abilities like aiming, trigger control, and firearm handling. This leads to better overall marksmanship. Target practice also helps assess progress and identify areas for improvement. Ultimately, it's important for both combat effectiveness and success in recreational shooting.

Targets being shot at for practice include:

with handguns, rifles,  and shotguns: shooting targets,

by air forces or air defense forces: target drones and target tugs,

by navies: seaborne targets.

Target tug
A target tug, or target tower, is an aircraft which tows an unmanned drone, a fabric drogue or other kind of target, for the purposes of gun or missile target practice. Target tugs are often conversions of transport and utility aircraft, as well as obsolescent combat types. Some, such as the Miles Martinet, were specially designed for the role. Flying a target tug was, and is, a relatively hazardous job, as live fire is typically employed and the people doing the shooting are usually still in training.
Sebastopolis (Caria)
Sebastopolis (Ancient Greek: Σεβαστόπολις), also known as Saleia, was a town of ancient Caria, inhabited during Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times. It minted coins in antiquity.

Its site is located near Kızılca in Asiatic Turkey.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
Jennifer Olayvar
Jennifer Rose Olayvar is a ballerina from the Republic of the Philippines. She was a dancer for Ballet Manila from 2000 to 2013. She became the Special Assistant to Lisa Macuja-Elizalde from 2004 to 2007. Olayvar has taken minor and intermediate examinations for the Royal Academy of Dance London.

Lisa Macuja-Elizalde
Lisa Teresita Macuja Elizalde (born October 3, 1964) is a Filipino prima ballerina. In 1984, she became the first foreign soloist to ever join the Kirov Ballet. In the Philippines, she is the Artistic Director and CEO of Ballet Manila and was the Vice-Chairman of the Philippine UNESCO National Commission. She was also the Commissioner of the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. Macuja-Elizalde is also Directress and faculty member of the Lisa Macuja School of Ballet – a training center for ballet professionals who are steeped in the Russian Vaganova method. She is also the founder of Project Ballet Futures (PBF) - an internationally recognized community scholarship program that provides training and performance opportunities for deserving public school students.
Donald B. Beary
Donald Bradford Beary (4 December 1888 – 7 March 1966) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy. His career included service in both World War I and World War II and a tour as President of the Naval War College. He commanded a wide variety of ships and organizations, and is particularly noted for his leadership during World War II in establishing and directing a large-scale U.S. Navy training program and for his pioneering and highly successful work as a commander of U.S. Navy underway replenishment forces.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Peter Queally (hurler)
Peter Queally (born 1970) is an Irish hurling manager and former dual player who has been manager of the Waterford senior team since 2024. He played for club sides Newtown/Ballydurn, Sarsfields and Glanmire and was also a member of both Waterford senior teams over a 15-year period.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
The National Women's History Exhibition Hall
The National Women's History Exhibition Hall (NWHEH; Korean: 국립여성사전시관) is a women's history museum in Goyang, South Korea. It is located on the first and second floors of the Goyang government complex.

It first opened in the Women's Plaza in Daebang-dong, Seoul, South Korea on December 9, 2002, as the first women's history museum in South Korea. It became a national museum in 2012.

The museum moved to Goyang on September 1, 2014, because its previous location was leased to it for free for a period of ten years.

Goyang
Goyang (Korean: 고양; Korean pronunciation: [ko.jaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with a population of just over 1 million. Ilsan, a planned city, is located in the Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo Districts of Goyang. It also includes Deogyang District which is closer to Seoul.

Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang. These include Agricultural Cooperative College, Korea Aerospace University, and Transnational Law and Business University.
Glyphonycterinae
Glyphonycterinae is a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats. It contains the following genera:

Glyphonycteris

Neonycteris

Trinycteris

Glyphonycterinae was proposed in 2016 by Baker, Solari, Cirranello and Simmons. Previous to this publication, Glyphonycteris and Trinycteris were both included in Phyllostominae. The authors followed Wetterer et al. 2000 in including Neonycteris within the subfamily, as it is a poorly known genus: only two individuals have ever been documented, and both more than seventy years ago. Wetterer et al. said that the combined evidence of morphology, karyotypes, and alloenzymes supported a clade of Glyphonycteris, Neonycteris, and Trinycteris. The members of Glyphonycterinae are insectivorous.

Niceforo's big-eared bat
Niceforo's big-eared bat (Trinycteris nicefori) is a bat species from South and Central America, ranging from Chiapas to Bolivia and northeastern Brazil. Its habitat is primary and secondary forest at altitudes from sea level to 1000 m. It is crepuscular, being most active in the hour after sunset and before dawn. The species is monotypic within its genus.
Ice Mountain (Colorado)
Ice Mountain is a high mountain summit of the Collegiate Peaks in the Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,958-foot (4,254 m) thirteener is located in the Collegiate Peaks Wilderness, 17.1 miles (27.5 km) west-northwest (bearing 290°) of the Town of Buena Vista, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide separating San Isabel National Forest and Chaffee County from White River National Forest and Pitkin County.

San Isabel National Forest
San Isabel National Forest is located in central Colorado.  The forest contains 19 of the state's 53 fourteeners, peaks over 14,000 feet (4,267 m) high, including Mount Elbert, the highest point in Colorado.

It is one of eleven national forests in the state of Colorado and contains the Sawatch Range, the Collegiate Peaks, and Sangre de Cristo Range. It has a total area of 1,120,233 acres (1,750.364 sq mi; 4,533.42 km2) spread out over parts of eleven counties in central Colorado. In descending order of land area it is located in Chaffee, Custer, Lake, Huerfano, Fremont, Pueblo, Saguache, Las Animas, Park, Costilla, and Summit counties.

San Isabel National Forest is co-managed by the Forest Service together with Pike National Forest, Cimarron National Grassland, and Comanche National Grassland from offices in Pueblo. There are local ranger district offices located in Cañon City, Leadville, and Salida.
Otamarakau
Otamarakau (Māori: Ōtamarākau) is a beach and community in the Western Bay of Plenty District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island, just south of Pukehina.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of young warriors" for Ōtamarākau.

In 2018, stormwater laden with sediment flowed over the Otamarakau wetlands from two ponds constructed without sufficient planning approval. In January 2020, kiwifruit company Bay Gold was fined over the incident.

A speed camera was installed on the highway through Otamarakau in 2018, leading to $30,000 of fines in its first month of operation.

Western Bay of Plenty District
Western Bay of Plenty District is a territorial district within the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand. The district envelops Tauranga city by land, and includes Matakana Island, at the entrance to Tauranga Harbour.
Turkish Mauser
The Turkish Mauser can be used to describe many Mauser rifles used by the Ottoman Empire and then the Republic of Turkey.

The Mauser Model 1887 rifle, chambered in 9.5x60mm

The Mauser Model 1890 rifle and carbine, chambered in 7.65×53mm Mauser

The Mauser Model 1893 rifle, chambered in 7.65×53mm and later in 7.92×57mm Mauser

The Mauser Model 1903 rifle and short rifle; and the Mauser Model 1905 carbine, both chambered in 7.65 and later in 7.92

The Gewehr 98, received during and after World War I, in 7.92

The Vz. 98/22 rifle, produced in Czechoslovakia, in 7.92

The Mauser Model 1938, short rifle standardization of the Model 1893, Model 1903, Gewehr 88, Gewehr 98 and Vz. 98/22, in 7.92 More than 150000 rifles were converted to 7.92 with barrel change between 1932-1950 at Kırıkkale Armaments Factory. It is also known as "Model 38 Türk Mavzeri"

The Karabiner 98k in 7.92, bought after World War II

Karabiner 98k
The Karabiner 98 kurz (German: [kaʁaˈbiːnɐ ˌʔaxtʔʊntˈnɔʏntsɪç ˈkʊɐ̯ts]; 'carbine 98 short'), often abbreviated Karabiner 98k, Kar98k or K98k and also sometimes incorrectly referred to as a K98 (K98 is a Polish copy of the Kar98a), is a bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge. It was adopted on 21 June 1935 as the standard service rifle by the German Wehrmacht. It was one of the final developments in the long line of Mauser military rifles.

Although supplemented by semi-automatic and fully automatic rifles during World War II, the Karabiner 98k remained the primary German service rifle until the end of the war in 1945. Millions were captured by the Soviets at the conclusion of World War II and were widely distributed as military aid. The Karabiner 98k therefore continues to appear in conflicts across the world as they are taken out of storage during times of strife.
Liam McCarthy and John D. O'Callaghan
Liam McCarthy (born 1995/96) and John D. O'Callaghan (born 1994/95) are Irish students from Kinsale, County Cork. They were the winners of the 45th Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition in 2009 at the ages of thirteen and fourteen respectively. Their win meant that their school, Kinsale Community School, became the first school in the country to be attended by multiple Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition winners after their fellow student Aisling Judge won the same award in 2006. McCarthy and O'Callaghan went on to be named EU Young Scientists of the Year in September 2009.

Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition
The Stripe Young Scientist and Technology Exhibition, commonly called the Young Scientist Exhibition, is an Irish annual school students' science competition that has been held in the Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Ireland, every January since the competition was founded by Tom Burke and Tony Scott in 1965.
Bunbury Catholic College
Bunbury Catholic College is a Catholic secondary school, located in Bunbury, in the South West region of Western Australia.

The college was formed in 1973 after the amalgamation of St Francis Xavier's College (operated by the Marist Brothers) and St Joseph's College (operated by the Sisters of Mercy) and provides a general and religious education for approximately 1,000 students from Year 7 to Year 12.

Catholic education in Australia
Catholic education in Australia refers to the education services provided by the Catholic Church in Australia within the Australian education system. From 18th century foundations, the Catholic education system has grown to be the second biggest provider of school-based education in Australia, after government schools. The Catholic Church has established primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in Australia. As of 2018, one in five Australian students attend Catholic schools. There are 1,755 Catholic schools in Australia with more than 777,000 students enrolled, employing almost 100,000 staff.

Administrative oversight of Catholic education providers varies depending on the origins, ethos, and purpose of each education provider. Oversight of Catholic systemic schools may rest with a Catholic parish, diocese, or archdiocese; while religious institutes have oversight of Catholic independent schools; and Catholic universities are administered through an academic senate.
Panther Painter
The Panther Painter was a vase painter of the Attic black-figure style. He was probably active at the same time as the Nessos Painter, or shortly thereafter. Both shared a predilection for interlace patterns. The Panther Painter's vases have so far only been found in Attica, but outside Athens, at Vari. It is therefore assumed that he did not live and work in Athens, but only produced for a small local market in Attica. He mainly painted lekanis with animal friezes.

Nessos Painter
The Nessos Painter, also known as Netos or Nettos Painter, was a pioneer of Attic black-figure vase painting. He is considered to be the first Athenian to adopt the Corinthian style who went on to develop his own style and introduced innovations. The Nessos Painter is often known to be one of the original painters of black-figure. He only worked in this style, which is shown on his name vase in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Most of the known Nessos Painter ceramics were found in funerary settings such as cemeteries and mortuaries.
Bird Island Light
Bird Island Light is a historic lighthouse at the entrance to Sippican Harbor in Marion, Massachusetts.  Built in 1819, its tower is a well-preserved example of an early 19th-century masonry lighthouse.  The tower and the island on which it stands were added to the National Register of Historic Places as Bird Island Light on September 28, 1987.

Marion, Massachusetts
Marion is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,347 at the 2020 census.

For geographic and demographic information on the village of Marion Center, please see the article Marion Center, Massachusetts.

Marion is a part of the South Coast region of Massachusetts which encompasses the communities that surround Buzzards Bay (excluding the Elizabeth Islands, Bourne and Falmouth), Mount Hope Bay and the Sakonnet River.
Luis Amaranto Perea
Luis Amaranto Perea Mosquera (born 30 January 1979) is a Colombian former footballer, currently assistant manager of the Colombia national team. Gifted with incredible stamina and pace, the central defender could also be adapted at right-back.

He spent most of his senior career with Atlético Madrid, appearing in 314 competitive matches over eight La Liga seasons. In 2012, he signed with Cruz Azul.

Perea earned 72 caps for the Colombia national team in more than one decade.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League
The 2011–12 UEFA Europa League was the third season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 41st edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 30 June 2011 with the first legs of the first qualifying round, and ended on 9 May 2012 with the final held at Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one on each goal line – were used in all matches of the competition from the group stage.

Atlético Madrid won the title, defeating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 in an all-Spanish final. Porto were the defending champions, but they were beaten by Manchester City in the Round of 32.
Vang Moua
Vang Moua (born 1979) is a French-Chinese Sanshou and Muay Thai kickboxer Hmong descent. He is a former Sanda Rules Europe Champion and France Champion many times. Moua amassed an Amateur Sanshou record of 89–10.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.
Multilinear form
In abstract algebra and multilinear algebra, a multilinear form on a vector space  over a field  is a map

that is separately -linear in each of its  arguments. More generally, one can define multilinear forms on a module over a commutative ring. The rest of this article, however, will only consider multilinear forms on finite-dimensional vector spaces.

Multilinear forms  are naturally identified with linear forms on the tensor product . Therefore, a multilinear -form on  over  is called a (covariant) -tensor, and the vector space of such forms is usually denoted  or .

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Camerlenghi di Comun
The Camerlenghi di Comun were senior fiscal officials of the Republic of Venice.

Although they are first attested in 1236, they are likely much older in origin. Originally two, they were increased to three in 1527.

Their role was as the treasurers and cashiers of the Republic: apart from those magistrates to whom specific funds were assigned, all public expenses and revenue were handled by the Camerlenghi di Comun. They were further tasked with imposing fines on debtors to the state, and proposing cost-saving measures. They were allowed to dispose of sums up to ten gold ducats. Their main residence was in the Zecca of Venice, but they also had proper offices in the Rialto, in the Palazzo dei Camerlenghi.

Initially they reported to the Doge of Venice and the Minor Council, but in 1471 they were subordinated to the board of the Savi del Consiglio.

Minor Council
The Minor Council (Italian: Minor Consiglio) or Ducal Council was one of the main constitutional bodies of the Republic of Venice, and served both as advisors and partners to the Doge of Venice, sharing and limiting his authority.
1996 Liberty Bowl
The 1996 Liberty Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 1996, in Memphis, Tennessee. The 38th edition of the Liberty Bowl, it matched the Houston Cougars and the Syracuse Orangemen.

Liberty Bowl
The Liberty Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game played in late December or early January since 1959. For its first five years, it was played at Philadelphia Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia before being held at Atlantic City Convention Hall in 1964. Since 1965, the game has been held at Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. Because of the scheduling of the bowl game near the end of the calendar year, no game was played during calendar years 2008 or 2015, while two games were played in calendar years 2010 and 2016.

Since 2004, the game has been sponsored by Memphis-based auto parts retailer AutoZone and officially known as the AutoZone Liberty Bowl. Previous sponsors include St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (1993–1996) and AXA Financial (1997–2003).
Fantastic Duo
Fantastic Duo (Korean: 판타스틱 듀오) was a South Korean television show where fans can sing a duet with their favorite singer using their cell phones. This show is currently hosted by Jun Hyun-moo, Kim Bum-soo and Kim Jun-hyun. It airs on SBS every Sunday at 16:50 (KST) beginning April 17, 2016; forming part of SBS's Good Sunday lineup. There were 30 episodes aired during Season 1, which ended on November 20, 2016.

Season 2 broadcast every Sundays at 18:30 (KST) starting March 26, 2017, after Running Man. On October 26, Fantastic Duo production team announced that season 2 would be end after the last recording on November 7, whose the last regular episode was aired on December 10. A special episode titled "Fantastic Memory" was aired on December 17, 2017.

You Hee-yeol
You Hee-yeol (Korean: 유희열; born April 19, 1971) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, radio disk jockey, and the host of You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook. He is the founder of the record label Antenna Music and the sole member of the project band Toy.