hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modes of variation
In statistics, modes of variation are a continuously indexed set of vectors or functions that are centered at a mean and are used to depict the variation in a population or sample. Typically, variation patterns in the data can be decomposed in descending order of eigenvalues with the directions represented by the corresponding eigenvectors or eigenfunctions. Modes of variation provide a visualization of this decomposition and an efficient description of variation around the mean. Both in principal component analysis (PCA) and in functional principal component analysis (FPCA), modes of variation play an important role in visualizing and describing the variation in the data contributed by each eigencomponent. In real-world applications, the eigencomponents and associated modes of variation aid to interpret complex data, especially in exploratory data analysis (EDA).

Orthonormality
In linear algebra, two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if they are orthogonal unit vectors. A unit vector means that the vector has a length of 1, which is also known as normalized. Orthogonal means that the two vectors are perpendicular to each other. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a basis is called an orthonormal basis.
Shahid Gate
Sahid Gate or Shahid Gate (lit. Martyr's Gate) is a monument in Kathmandu, Nepal. The monument was inaugurated on 13 April 1961.  As of 2016, there are five statues in the gate. Four men, namely Dharma Bhakta Mathema, Gangalal Shrestha, Dashrath Chand, and Shukraraj Shastri, who are considered martyrs since they stood against the 104-year-old Rana Regime, have their statues above their arms established here. On top of all is a statue of former King Tribhuvan, who, in B.S. 2007 (A.D. 1950) cooperated with people to introduce democracy in the country. The gate was designed by Shankar Nath Rimal. King Mahendra inaugurated the monument and named it Nepal Smarak. However, people started calling it Shahid gate, a name by which it is presently called.

In 2012, the Nepali cabinet meeting decided to move the statue of Tribhuvan from the Gate and to the Narayanhiti Museum leaving only the statues of the martyrs at the monument.

Dashrath Chand
Dasharath Chand Thakuri (Nepali: दशरथ चन्द; 1903 – 28 January 1941) was a martyr of the Nepalese Democratic Movement and a politician of Nepal who was active in starting a political revolution in Nepal during the Rana rule. He was born at Baskot of Baitadi district of Nepal in 1903 AD to Sher Bahadur Chand.In Baitadi a Municipality Is Also Named After His Name Called Dasharathchand Municipality.
December 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 16 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 18

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 30 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 17th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 4.

December 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 3 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 5

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 17 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 4th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 21.
Anonymous type
Anonymous types are a feature of C# 3.0, Visual Basic .NET 9.0, Oxygene, Scala and Go that allows data types to encapsulate a set of properties into a single object without having to first explicitly define a type. This is an important feature for the SQL-like LINQ feature that is integrated into C# and VB.net. Since anonymous types do not have a named type, they must be stored in variables declared using the var keyword, telling the C# compiler to use type inference for the variable.  The properties created are read-only in C#, however, they are read-write in VB.net.

This feature should not be confused with dynamic typing. While anonymous types allow programmers to define fields seemingly "on the fly," they are still static entities. Type checking is done at compile time, and attempting to access a nonexistent field will cause a compiler error. This gives programmers much of the convenience of a dynamic language, with the type safety of a statically typed language.

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Crioselache
Crioselache is an extinct monotypic genus of symmoriid cartilaginous fish that lived in what is now Brazil during the Asselian stage of the Cisuralian epoch.

The generic name Crioselache comes from the Greek words krýos, meaning cold, and sélakhos, meaning cartilaginous fish, referencing the cold waters that this symmoriiform lived in during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age. The specific epithet of the type species, Crioselache wittigi, honours the professor Dr. Ehrenfried Othmar Wittig, who discovered and collected the holotype fossil specimen.

Symmoriiformes
Symmoriiformes is an extinct order of cartilaginous fish. Originally named Symmoriida by Zangerl (1981), the name has since been corrected to Symmoriiformes to avoid confusion with a family. The symmoriiform fossils record begins during the late Devonian, and most had become extinct by the start of the Permian, with the genus Dwykaselachus from the Artinskian-Kungurian of South Africa being the latest known uncontroversial occurrence. Teeth described from the Valanginian of France and Austria indicate that members of the family Falcatidae might have survived until the Early Cretaceous; however, it has since been proposed that these teeth more likely belonged to neoselachian sharks.
Kryoneri, Olympia
Kryoneri (Greek: Κρυονέρι, before 1928: Μπάστα - Basta) is a little village near Olympia, Elis, Greece. It is situated on the southwestern edge of the Foloi oak forest. It is 2 km south of Neraida, 4 km west of Doukas, 3 km east of Chelidoni and 9 km northeast of Olympia.

Foloi oak forest
37°45′N 21°45′E﻿ / ﻿37.750°N 21.750°E﻿ / 37.750; 21.750

The Folóï oak forest (Greek: Δρυοδάσος Φολόης) is an oak forest in southwestern Greece. It is located in the municipal unit of Foloi, Olympia, Elis, in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The Folóï oak forest is situated at an altitude of 688m, on the plateau of the Folóï mountain. It is an ecosystem unique in the Balkan peninsula and consists of a territory of 9,900 acres (40 km2), which is almost entirely covered by deciduous oaks that form a dense forest area.
2013 Baku Cup
The 2013 Baku Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. This was the third edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan between 22 and 28 July 2013.

Baku Cup
The Baku Cup was a professional women's tennis tournament held in Baku, Azerbaijan. It made its debut on the 2011 WTA Tour and as one of the international tier of events. This WTA Tour event is an international tournament and was played at the Baku Tennis Academy on outdoor hardcourts.
The 2015 Baku Cup was the last edition.
2010–11 Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team represented Texas A&M University in the 2010-11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Mark Turgeon returned for his fourth year as coach of the Aggies after renegotiating his contract to stay in College Station. The team played its home games in Reed Arena and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 24–9, 12–6 in Big 12 play and lost in the semifinals of the 2011 Big 12 men's basketball tournament to their rival Texas. They received an at-large berth in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they lost in the second round to Florida State.

2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 men's basketball tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they defeated Oakland in the second round before falling in the third round to Arizona.
Anyang, Gyeonggi
Anyang (Korean: 안양; Korean pronunciation: [a.njaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. With a population of approximately 600,000, it is the 20th largest city in South Korea. It is a satellite city of Seoul and located approximately 21 km (13 mi) south of Seoul, and 19 km (12 mi) north of Suwon. It is connected to Seoul via the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Line 4. The City motto of Anyang is "Livable city, Proud citizens". City symbols are a grape mascot named 'Podong-i', Forsythia (flower), Ginkgo (tree), and eagles.

Satellite city
A satellite city or satellite town is a smaller municipality or settlement that is part of (or on the edge of) a larger metropolitan area and serves as a regional population and employment center. It differs from mere suburbs, subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that it has employment bases sufficient to support its residential population, and conceptually, could be a self-sufficient community outside of its larger metropolitan area. However, it functions as part of a metropolis and experiences high levels of cross-commuting (that is, residents commuting out of and employees commuting into the city).
Ututo
Ututo was a Linux distribution consisting entirely of free software. The distribution is named for a variety of gecko found in northern Argentina.

Ututo was the first fully free Linux-based system recognized by the GNU Project. The founder of the GNU Project, Richard Stallman, formerly endorsed the distribution nearly exclusively, and used it on his personal computer, before he switched to gNewSense, and later Trisquel.

Portage (software)
Portage is a package management system originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux and also by ChromeOS and Calculate among others.  Portage is based on the concept of ports collections. Gentoo is sometimes referred to as a meta-distribution due to the extreme flexibility of Portage, which makes it operating-system-independent. The Gentoo/Alt project was concerned with using Portage to manage other operating systems, such as BSDs, macOS and Solaris. The most notable of these implementations is the Gentoo/FreeBSD project.

There is an ongoing effort called the Package Manager Specification project (PMS), which aims to standardise and document the behaviour of Portage, allowing the ebuild tree and Gentoo system packages to be used with alternative package managers such as Paludis and pkgcore. Its goal is to specify the exact set of features and behaviour of package managers and ebuilds, serving as an authoritative reference for Portage.
Almas (folklore)
In North Caucasian and Turkic folklore, an almas, alma or almasty, is a cryptid folk creature said to inhabit the Caucasus, Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, and the Altai Mountains of western Mongolia.

Byambyn Rinchen
Byambyn Rinchen (Mongolian: Бямбын Ринчен; 21 November 1905 – 4 March 1977), also known as Rinchen Bimbayev (Russian: Ринчен Бимбаев), was a Mongolian scholar and writer. He was a researcher of Mongolia's language, literature, and history, and a recorder and preserver of the country's cultural heritage, publishing many shamanist and folklore texts. Rinchen was also a prolific poet, essayist, short story writer, novelist, and translator, authoring the screenplay for Tsogt taij (1945), Mongolia's first historical feature film, and the trilogy Rays of Dawn (1951–1955, revised 1971), its first novel set during the 1921 revolution. Rinchen was often criticized by the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party for his "nationalism", but was spared in the Stalinist purges of the 1930s.
Phedap Rural Municipality
Phedap (Nepali: फेदाप गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of four rural municipality located in Tehrathum District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are a total of 6 municipalities in Tehrathum in which 2 are urban and 4 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Phedap has an area of 110.83 square kilometres (42.79 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 17700 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Oyakjung, Jaljale, Simle, Ishibu and Samdu which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 5 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Simle.

Ishibu
Ishibu (Nepali: ईसिबु) is one of the 32 village development committees of Tehrathum District in Province No. 1 of Nepal. This village is to the north of the district headquarters at Myanglung. It had a population of 2846 in 616 households according to the census of 2011.
Brimley Road
Brimley Road is a north-south street in Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. In Toronto, it is located entirely within Scarborough and carried 32000 vehicles daily in May 2007 Hence, it is classified as a major arterial road by the city of Toronto.

Beginning at Scarborough Bluffs by Lake Ontario, Brimley goes straight through Scarborough, past Steeles Avenue and ends at 14th Avenue in Markham. The Scarborough portion is mainly residential with small strip plazas along the way, and the super-regional mall, Scarborough Town Centre. North of Finch Avenue is Brimley Woods (Macklin's Bush), a small forest patch and now city park of what the area once looked like. Past Steeles, Brimley weaves through the residential areas of the Milliken community of Markham.

Finch Avenue
Finch Avenue is an arterial thoroughfare that travels east–west in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road continues west into the Regional Municipality of Peel as Regional Road 2 and east into the Regional Municipality of Durham as Regional Road 37.

The road is considered a high-density transit corridor by Metrolinx. At its intersection with Yonge Street in North York, the Finch subway station and Finch Bus Terminal carry some of the highest numbers of commuters in the city.
Künzell
Künzell is a municipality in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated 3 km east of Fulda. It is twinned with the English village of Rustington.

The subdivisions are: Künzell/Bachrain, Pilgerzell, Engelhelms, Dirlos (with Loheland), Dietershausen, Keulos, Wissels and Dassen.

Fulda (district)
The Fulda District (German: Landkreis Fulda; German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda]) is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Wartburgkreis, Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Rhön-Grabfeld, Bad Kissingen, Main-Kinzig, Vogelsbergkreis.
South Ormsby
South Ormsby, sometimes called South Ormesby, is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) west from the A16 road, 7 miles (11 km) south from Louth and 7 miles north-east from Horncastle. With the nearby hamlet of Ketsby, it forms the civil parish of South Ormesby with Ketsby. The population is included in the civil parish of Brinkhill.

The 15th-century church of St Leonard's is approached by a short climb up a path next to the old school house.

Ormsby Hall, built by James Paine in 1752, stands in a wooded parkland complete with lake.

The village has a public house, the Massingberd Arms, and a motor repair garage.

The Greenwich Prime Meridian line passes through the village.

East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Horncastle and the largest town is Skegness. Other towns include Alford, Burgh le Marsh, Coningsby, Louth, Mablethorpe, Spilsby, Sutton on Sea, Wainfleet All Saints, Wragby and Woodhall Spa. The district also covers a large rural area, including many smaller settlements.

The district lies on the east coast, bordering the North Sea. The north-west of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Boston, North Kesteven, West Lindsey and North East Lincolnshire.
S. Srinivasan
Suryanarayanan Srinivasan (14 April 1941 – 1 September 1999) was an Indian aeronautical engineer and the Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), known for his pioneering work in rocket science. He also served as the director of Satish Dhawan Space Centre and assisted A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in the SLV3 Mission as its deputy director. He was an elected Fellow of the Aeronautical Society of India and the Indian National Academy of Engineering. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 2000, for his contributions to Indian space program.

Satellite Launch Vehicle
The Satellite Launch Vehicle or SLV was a small-lift launch vehicle project started in the early 1970s by ISRO to develop the technology needed to launch satellites. SLV was intended to reach a height of 400 kilometres (250 mi) and carry a payload of 40 kg (88 lb). The first experimental flight of SLV, in August 1979, was a failure. The first successful launch took place on 18 July 1980.

It was a four-stage rocket with all solid-propellant motors.

The first launch of the SLV took place in Sriharikota on 10 August 1979. The fourth and final launch of the SLV took place on 17 April 1983.

It took approximately seven years to realise the vehicle from start. The solid motor case for first and second stage were fabricated from 15 CDV6 steel sheets and third and fourth stages from fibre reinforced plastic. The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.
Rurikei Prefectural Natural Park
Rurikei Prefectural Natural Park (府立るり渓自然公園, Furitsu Rurikei shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in central Kyōto Prefecture, Japan. The park flanks the Sonobe River (園部川) within the municipality of Nantan. Rurikei is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty.

Nantan, Kyoto
Nantan (南丹市, Nantan-shi) is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2022, the city had an estimated population of 30,744 in 14406 households and a population density of 50 persons per km2 (130 per sq. mi.). The total area of the city is 616.40 square kilometres (237.99 sq mi).
Joanna Macy
Mary Joanne Rogers Macy (May 2, 1929 – July 19, 2025), known as Joanna Macy, was an American environmental activist, author and scholar of Buddhism, general systems theory and deep ecology. She was married to Francis Underhill Macy, the activist and Russian scholar who founded the Center for Safe Energy.

Ervin László
Ervin László (Hungarian: [ˈɛrvin ˈlaːsloː]; born 12 June 1932) is an American philosopher of science, systems theorist, integral theorist, originally a classical pianist.  He is an advocate of the theory of quantum consciousness.
Servo (radio control)
Servos (also RC servos) are small, cheap, mass-produced servomotors or other actuators used for radio control and small-scale robotics.

Most servos are rotary actuators although other types are available. Linear actuators are sometimes used, although it is more common to use a rotary actuator with a bellcrank and pushrod. Some types, originally used as sail winches for model yachting, can rotate continuously.

Linear actuator
A linear actuator is an actuator that creates linear motion (i.e., in a straight line), in contrast to the circular motion of a conventional electric motor. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer peripherals such as disk drives and printers, in valves and dampers, and in many other places where linear  motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used to generate linear motion from a rotating motor.
F. J. Mills
Frederick John Mills (April 28, 1865 – September 28, 1953) was a Republican politician and prominent engineer from the U.S. State of Idaho. He served as the fourth lieutenant governor of Idaho. Mills was elected in 1895 along with Governor William J. McConnell. Mills also served as State Engineer of Idaho from 1895 until 1897.

On October 8, 1899, Mills shot and killed J.C. O'Melveny in O'Melveny's office in Salt Lake City, Utah. An hour before the shooting, Mrs. Mills had confessed to her husband an affair with O'Melveny. Mills was acquitted at his January 1900 trial.

Lieutenant Governor of Idaho
The lieutenant governor of Idaho is a constitutional statewide elected office in the U.S. state of Idaho. According to the Idaho Constitution, the officeholder is elected to a four-year term.

The current lieutenant governor of Idaho is Republican Scott Bedke, who took office January 2, 2023.
Zgornja Velka
Zgornja Velka (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnja ˈʋeːlka], German: Oberwölling) is a dispersed settlement in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) southeast of Sladki Vrh in the Municipality of Šentilj in northeastern Slovenia.

Sladki Vrh
Sladki Vrh (pronounced [ˈslaːtki ˈʋəɾx], German: Süssenberg) is a rural settlement in the Municipality of Šentilj in northeastern Slovenia, on the Austrian border. The main part of the settlement is concentrated on the right bank of the Mura River with the remainder dispersed in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) to the south. A tissue paper manufacturer, Paloma, operates in the settlement.
Kisrhombille
In geometry, a kisrhombille is a uniform tiling of rhombic faces, divided by central points into four triangles.

Examples:

3-6 kisrhombille – Euclidean plane

3-7 kisrhombille – hyperbolic plane

3-8 kisrhombille – hyperbolic plane

4-5 kisrhombille – hyperbolic plane

3-7 kisrhombille
In geometry, the 3-7 kisrhombille tiling is a semiregular dual tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is constructed by congruent right triangles with 4, 6, and 14 triangles meeting at each vertex.

The image shows a Poincaré disk model projection of the hyperbolic plane.

It is labeled V4.6.14 because each right triangle face has three types of vertices: one with 4 triangles, one with 6 triangles, and one with 14 triangles. It is the dual tessellation of the truncated triheptagonal tiling which has one square and one heptagon and one tetrakaidecagon at each vertex.