hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PALplus
PALplus (or PAL+) is an analogue television broadcasting system aimed to improve and enhance the PAL format by allowing 16:9 (or 1.77:1) aspect ratio broadcasts, while remaining compatible with existing television receivers, defined by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation BT.1197-1. Introduced in 1993, it followed experiences with the HD-MAC (high definition) and D2-MAC, hybrid analogue-digital widescreen formats that were incompatible with PAL receivers. It was developed at the University of Dortmund in Germany, in cooperation with German terrestrial broadcasters and European and Japanese manufacturers. The system had some adoption across Europe during the late 1990s and helped introduce widescreen TVs in the market, but never became mainstream.

A similar system, developed in Japan at the same time and named EDTV-II/ Wide-aspect Clear-vision, allows for 16:9 NTSC broadcasts.

Letterboxing (filming)
Letter-boxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio. The resulting video-graphic image has mattes of empty space above and below it; these mattes are part of each frame of the video signal.
Sterling Iron Works
The Sterling Iron Works owned by Peter Townsend was one of the first steel and iron manufacturers in the Thirteen Colonies and the first steel producer in the Province of New York.  The company was most famous for forging the Hudson River Chain that kept the British Navy from sailing up the Hudson during the American Revolution, and served to protect the strategically important fort at West Point. The works were operational from 1761 to 1842.

Boom (navigational barrier)
A boom or a chain (also boom defence, harbour chain, river chain, chain boom, boom chain or variants) is an obstacle strung across a navigable stretch of water to control or block navigation. They are sometimes mixed with pile barrages.

In modern times they usually have civil uses, such as to prevent access to a dangerous river channel. But, especially historically, they have been used militarily, with the goal of denying access to an enemy's ships: a modern example is the anti-submarine net.

Booms have also been used to force passing vessels to pay a toll.
Snell Memorial Foundation
The Snell Memorial Foundation is a nonprofit organization created to provide a high quality standard of safety for helmets. Founded in 1957, the foundation is named after William "Pete" Snell, a popular sports car racer who died in 1956 of head injuries he received when the racing helmet he wore failed to protect his head. A group of friends, scientists, physicians, and others joined together to create a group that would promote research and education as well as test and develop standards to improve the effectiveness of helmets.

Helmet
A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically, a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without protective function are sometimes worn. Soldiers wear combat helmets, often made from Kevlar or other lightweight synthetic fibers.

The word helmet is derived from helm, an Old English word for a protective head covering.

Helmets are used for numerous sports (e.g., jockeys, American football, ice hockey, cricket, baseball, skiing, hurling and rock climbing); dangerous work activities such as construction, mining, riot police, military aviation, and in transportation (e.g. motorcycle helmets and bicycle helmets). Since the 1990s, most helmets are made from resin or plastic, which may be reinforced with fibers such as aramids.
Johnson Collection
The Johnson Collection is a collection of postcards relating mainly to the social aspects of the history of the British Post Office that forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections. It was formed by Robert Johnson FRPSL and donated to the library in 2008.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
First inauguration of Goodluck Jonathan
The first inauguration of Goodluck Jonathan as the 14th president of Nigeria, and 3rd in the fourth republic was held on Thursday, 6 May 2010 in the Aso Rock Presidential Villa in Abuja, following the death of President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua the night before. Jonathan had been acting as president since 9 February 2010, 86 days before the inauguration. The inauguration – the first non-scheduled, extraordinary inauguration to ever take place – marked the commencement of the first term (a partial term of 1 year, 23 days) of Goodluck Jonathan as president. Chief Justice Aloysius Iyorgyer Katsina-Alu administered the oath of office. Jonathan was the first vice president to succeed to the presidency intra-term, and he remains the only one to do so, as of 2024.

Nigerian presidential inauguration
The inauguration of the president of Nigeria is a ceremony to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of the president of Nigeria. During this ceremony, some 90 to 95 days after the presidential election, the president takes the presidential oath of office. The inauguration takes place for each new presidential term, even if the president is continuing in office for a second term.
Ryszard Tarasiewicz
Ryszard Jerzy Tarasiewicz (born 27 April 1962) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who was most recently in charge of Warta Poznań. In 1989, he won the Polish Footballer of the Year plebiscite organized by the Piłka Nożna football weekly.

II liga
II liga (Druga liga, Polish pronunciation: [ˈdruɡa ˈliɡa], lit. 'Second League'), currently named Betclic II liga due to its sponsorship by Betclic,  is a Polish football league that sits at the third tier of the Polish football league system. Until the end of the 2007–08 season, II Liga referred to a league at the 2nd tier, although this changed with the formation of the Ekstraklasa as the top level league in Poland. Currently, II liga is below I liga and above III liga.

Since the 2014–15 season, the league consists of a single division, unlike previous seasons when it was divided into two groups,  West and East. The league consists of 18 teams.

The top two finishers are rewarded with automatic promotion to the I liga, while the teams ranked third to sixth face each other in promotion play-offs. Teams who finish 13th and 14th compete in the promotion/relegation play-offs against III liga group winners, and the last four teams are automatically relegated to the fourth division.
Elite One Championship 2009–2010
The 2009/10 season of the Elite One Championship saw the league reduced to 9 teams with each team playing home and away with the top 5 going on to contest the play-offs. The season ran from October to May with Lézignan Sangliers eventually coming out on top after beating Pia XIII in the final which was played in Montpellier. This victory completed a league and cup double coming just a month after they had beaten Limoux Grizzlies in the Lord Derby Cup final 18-14 in Avignon.

Super XIII
Super XIII is the top level rugby league competition in France, sanctioned by the French Rugby League Federation. The season runs from September to April, which is in contrast to the majority of other major domestic rugby league competitions worldwide. The clubs play each other home and away then they enter into a play-off series culminating with a Grand Final. The competition was founded in 2002, as the Elite One Championship and renamed as Super XIII at the start of the 2024–2025 season. The competition is the continuation of the French Rugby League Championship, which began in 1934.
Lady Powers Live at the Forum
Lady Powers Live at the Forum is the first live album by Australian folk musician Vera Blue. The album was recorded on 2 June 2018 at the Forum Theatre, Melbourne during her Lady Powers Tour and includes tracks from her extended play Fingertips and studio album Perennial. The album was released digitally on 26 October 2018.

Fingertips (EP)
Fingertips is an extended play by Australian folk musician Vera Blue. It is the first EP released under this name as she released previous music under her birth name Celia Pavey. It was released on 13 May 2016.

Upon release Blue said; "I've always wanted to create something that's a blend of folk and cool, heavy, thick sounds. This is the music I have been wanting to make and I feel like I'm unleashing."

Vera Blue promoted the album by supporting Matt Corby on his Telluric tour and Broods on their Australian tour in July 2016.
Karimvand
Karimvand (Persian: كريموند, also Romanized as Karīmvand) is a village in Nurali Rural District, in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 18 families.

Nurali Rural District
Nurali Rural District (Persian: دهستان نورعلي) is in the Central District of Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh Firuzvand-e Vosta. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Azizabad-e Pain.
Richard Sherman (MP)
Richard Sherman (fl. 1364–1397) was an English ironmonger and property owner in Derby, who served two terms as a bailiff and served two terms as a member of parliament from Derby, being chosen first in November 1384 (serving with John de Stockes) and again in 1391 (with Thomas Docking).

Ironmongery
Ironmongery originally referred, first, to the manufacture of iron goods and, second, to the place of sale of such items for domestic rather than industrial use. In both contexts, the term has expanded to include items made of steel, aluminium, brass, or other metals, as well as plastics.

The term ironmonger in reference to consumer goods stores has largely fallen out of use in Great Britain. The US equivalent of the term used in this manner would be "hardware store". Many architectural ironmongery items (for example, door handles, locks, hinges, etc.) are also manufactured for wholesale and commercial use in offices and other buildings.
Achada Baleia
Achada Baleia is a settlement in the eastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is  part of the municipality of São Domingos. In 2010 its population was 376. It is situated near the east coast, 1.5 km southeast of Praia Baixo, 2 km northwest of Baía and 15 km northeast of Praia. It sits at an elevation of about 50 meters.

São Domingos, Cape Verde
São Domingos (also: Várzea da Igreja) is a city in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010, its population was 2,818. 
It is the seat of the São Domingos Municipality. It is situated 13 km southeast of Assomada and 13 km northwest of the capital Praia, along the national road from Praia to Assomada (EN1-ST01). The settlement appeared in the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin as St. Domingo.
1934 All-Eastern football team
The 1934 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1934 college football season.

Four players were selected to the first team by all four of the known selectors: quarterback Buzz Borries of Navy; halfback Jack Buckler of Army; tackle Jim Steen of Syracuse; and guard Chuck Hartwig for Pittsburgh.

The 1934 Pittsburgh Panthers football team were recognized as the 1934 national champion and placed seven players on at least one of the first-team All-Eastern teams.

Three Eastern players received All-Eastern honors and were also consensus picks on the 1934 All-America college football team: guard Chuck Hartwig of Pittsburgh; halfback Buzz Borries of Navy; and center George Shotwell of Pittsburgh.

Chuck Hartwig
Chuck Crawford Hartwig (June 1, 1912 – September 15, 1950) was an American college football player. At six feet and 190 pounds, he was a native of West Virginia.  He attended the University of Pittsburgh where he played at the guard position for the Pitt Panthers football team.  He was a consensus first-team selection on the 1934 College Football All-America Team. He was later an assistant coach for the Panthers.
Water tank
A water tank is a container used for storing water for many applications, including drinking water supply, irrigation, fire suppression, farming (for both plants and livestock), chemical manufacturing and food preparation. Water tank parameters include the general design of the tank, and choice of construction materials, linings. Various materials are used for making a water tank: plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene), fiberglass, concrete, stone, steel (welded or bolted, carbon, or stainless). Earthen pots, such as matki used in South Asia, can also be used for water storage. Water tanks are an efficient way to help developing countries to store clean water.

Matki (earthen pot)
A matki or matka (Hindi and Urdu: maṭkī, maṭkā) in South Asia is an earthen pot used as a home "water storage cooler". It has been in use since ancient times and can be found in houses of every social class.
2016–17 NK Domžale season
The 2016–17 season marked Domžale's 19th campaign in the Slovenian PrvaLiga, the top division in Slovenia, since the league was created. Domžale competed in Slovenian PrvaLiga, the Slovenian Football Cup and UEFA Europa League.

NK Domžale
Nogometni klub Domžale (English: Domžale Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Domžale or simply Domžale, was a Slovenian professional football club from the town of Domžale. Founded in 1920, Domžale spent 28 seasons in the Slovenian PrvaLiga, the top tier of Slovenian football, until the club was dissolved in early 2026 due to financial problems. They played their home matches at the Domžale Sports Park.

Domžale's golden era was in the 2000s, when the club was promoted back to the top flight and subsequently won two consecutive top division titles under manager Slaviša Stojanović, in 2007 and 2008. In addition, they also won two Slovenian Cups (2011 and 2017) and two Slovenian Supercups (2007 and 2011).
Bostock Chambers
Bostock Chambers is a heritage-listed office building at 169–175 Brisbane Street, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by George Brockwell Gill and built in 1915. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Ipswich, Queensland
Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is an urban centre within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks. Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre. The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district. In the 2021 census, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.
Colin Imber
Colin Imber is a retired lecturer of Turkish studies who previously taught at Manchester University, UK.

He completed his Oriental studies at Cambridge University, where he defended his doctorate on "The Ottoman Fleet in the Age of Sultan Suleiman I (1520-1566)". His research interest is focused on the history of the Ottoman Empire until the 17th century and on Islamic law, in particular on the system of Ottoman law, until the 17th century.

He is considered as "perhaps the leading, and...certainly the most productive, of the painfully few Ottoman historians currently working in British universities."

He is noted for his opposition to Paul Wittek's "Ghaza thesis".

Paul Wittek
Paul Wittek (11 January 1894 – 13 June 1978) was an Austrian Orientalist and historian. His 1938 thesis on the rise of the Ottoman Empire, known as the ghazi thesis, argues that the driving force behind Ottoman state-building was the expansion of Islam. Until the 1980s, his theory was the most influential and dominant explanation of the formation of the Ottoman Empire.
The Circus in the Attic and Other Stories
The Circus in the Attic and Other Stories is the only volume of short fiction by poet and novelist Robert Penn Warren. The collection, comprising two novellas and twelve short stories, was first published in 1947 by Harcourt Brace & Company.

Warren produced a relatively small body of short fiction compared to his poetry, novels and nonfiction work. The Circus in the Attic and Other Stories represents almost half of his entire oeuvre in the short story genre.

The collection includes perhaps Warren's most outstanding work of short fiction, "Blackberry Winter" (1946), both in its critical acclaim and the author's own assessment.

Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson (September 13, 1876 – March 8, 1941) was an American novelist and short story writer, known for subjective and self-revealing works. Self-educated, he rose to become a successful copywriter and business owner in Cleveland and Elyria, Ohio. In 1912, Anderson had a nervous breakdown that led him to abandon his business and family to become a writer.

At the time, he moved to Chicago and was eventually married three additional times. His most enduring work is the short-story sequence Winesburg, Ohio, which launched his career. Throughout the 1920s, Anderson published several short story collections, novels, memoirs, books of essays, and a book of poetry. Though his books sold reasonably well, his only bestseller was Dark Laughter (1925), a novel inspired by Anderson's time in New Orleans during the 1920s.
Kendenup, Western Australia
Kendenup is a small town and locality in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Plantagenet. It is known for its view of Porongurup Range and the Stirling Range. It is 345 kilometres (214 mi) south east of Perth and 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Mount Barker. The Great Southern Railway (established 1889) passes through the town, which is one of the original stations on the line. At the 2006 census, Kendenup had a population of 1,290.

The town was once the centre of a vast sheep station, and was, in the early years of the Western Australian colony, one of the largest farming enterprises so far established.

At the time of the first European discovery, the area was known to the local Aboriginal people as "Moor-ilup". "Kendenup" is another local indigenous word that was used to describe the area.

The upper reach of the Kalgan River runs nearby.

Mount Barker, Western Australia
Mount Barker is a town and locality on Albany Highway and the administrative centre of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. At the 2021 census, Mount Barker had a population of 2,855.

The town was named after the nearby hill, which in turn was named in 1829 by Thomas Braidwood Wilson in honour of Captain Collet Barker, who was in command of Western Australia's original British settlement at King George's Sound from 1829 to 1831.
Story of O (film)
Story of O (French: Histoire d'O, IPA: [istwaʁ do]) is a 1975 erotic drama film directed by Just Jaeckin from a screenplay by Sébastien Japrisot, based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Pauline Réage. It stars Corinne Cléry and Udo Kier.

A sequel titled Story of O: Chapter 2 was released in 1984.

Anne Desclos
Anne Cécile Desclos (French: [dɛklo]; 23 September 1907 – 27 April 1998) was a French literary critic, journalist, and novelist who wrote under the pen names Dominique Aury and Pauline Réage. She is best known for her erotic novel Story of O (1954).
Coldwater Indian Band
Coldwater First Nation (Thompson: C'eletkwmx) is a Nlaka'pamux First Nations government located in the Central Interior region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a member of the Scw’exmx Tribal Council, which are two of three tribal councils of the Nlaka'pamux people. Other Nlaka'pamux governments belong either to the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration or the Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council.

The Coldwater First Nation reserve community and offices are located in the band's home community of Coldwater, formerly the site of the Coldwater Mission, near Merritt, the main urban centre in the Nicola Country region between the Lower Mainland and Kamloops.

Nicola River
The Nicola River /ˈnɪkoʊlə/, originally French Rivière de Nicholas or Rivière de Nicolas, adapted to Nicolas River, Nicola's River in English, is one of the major tributaries of the Thompson River in the Canadian province of British Columbia, entering the latter at the town of Spences Bridge.
Dean of Derry
The Dean of Derry is based at St Columb's Cathedral, Derry in the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe in the Church of Ireland.

The current Dean of Derry is Raymond Stewart. He was appointed to the cathedral in December 2016 and inaugurated on 28 March 2017 by the Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Kenneth Good.

Stewart succeeded William Morton who served as Dean of Derry for almost 20 years and then took on role as Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin in September 2016.

Diocese of Derry and Raphoe
The Diocese of Derry and Raphoe is a diocese of the Church of Ireland in the north-west of Ireland. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. Its geographical remit straddles two civil jurisdictions: in Northern Ireland, it covers all of County Londonderry and large parts of County Tyrone while in the Republic of Ireland it covers County Donegal.
Esege Malan
Esege Malan (Mongolian: Эсеге Малан, Buryat: Эсэгэ, Russian: Эсэгэ Малан), according to Mongol myth and the belief of the Buryats, is the great Creator of all living things. He is a Buryat sky-god who rules over the western horizon. His son is Solobung Yubin, a spiritual morning star which, if offered sacrifices, will reward the Mongol people with greater harvest yields and prosperity.

As chief of the sky-spirits, Esege Malaan calls meetings of them "in the Pleiades and on the moon".

Solobung Yubin
Solobung Yubin (in Mongolian), otherwise called (in  language) Uhaa Solbon, is the "spirit of the evening and morning stars -- Venus (Solbon)." Or else, Solbon is Venus simply as "evening star". This name, defined as the "shepherd of heaven", is transcribed Ζὀλβων in Byzantine records. In Korean, it is variously written /čolbon/ (卒本) or /solbon/ (率本).

Uhaa Solbon is also "known by the name Uuden Tenger (tenger of the gate)". If this "gate" be equivalent to the "door" for which Viṣṇu is "door-keeper", then it may be pertinent that an incarnation of Vishnu "is related to the planet Venus".
Lumsden, New Zealand
Lumsden (Māori: Ōreti) is a town in Southland, New Zealand. Lying in a gap in the surrounding hills, Lumsden is the location of a major junction on State Highway 6. Lumsden is 81 kilometres north of Invercargill, 106 kilometres south  of Queenstown, 59 kilometres west of Gore and 77 kilometres east of Te Anau. The Ōreti River is located 1.5 kilometres east of the town.

Te Anau
Te Anau is a town in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. In Māori, Te-Anau means the Place of the Swirling Waters. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Te Anau in Fiordland. Te Anau is 155 kilometres north of  Invercargill and 171 kilometres  to the southwest of Queenstown (via state highway 6). Manapouri lies 21 kilometres to the south. Te Anau lies at the southern end of the Milford Road, (State Highway 94) 117 kilometres to the south of Milford Sound.