hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abraham Kaplan
Abraham Kaplan (June 11, 1918 – June 19, 1993) was an American philosopher, known best for being the first philosopher to systematically examine the behavioral sciences in his book The Conduct of Inquiry (1964). His thinking was influenced by pragmatists Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Bucket Lake
(Upper) Bucket Lake (German: (Oberer) Eimersee) is an artificial lake and restored wetland in Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It has a surface elevation of 14 m, and its surface area is 1.5 ha. The lake belongs to Eckernförde.

The creation of the lake is unique: in 1990 a polythene bucket (hence the name) was used to plug a culvert that was draining a shallow former agricultural basin. Since then, the lake has become a habitat with a huge diversity of plants and animals. This was also seen as a successful example of cheap land restoration in Japan, in South Korea and the United States.

A short documentary about the lake was shown at the Green Screen film festival, at the Matsalu Nature Film Festival in Estonia and at the Innsbruck Nature Film Festival in Austria in 2016. The documentary from German filmmaker Sven Bohde is available in German, English and Japanese.

Rendsburg-Eckernförde
Rendsburg-Eckernförde (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛnt͡sˌbʊʁk ɛkɐnˈføːɐ̯də] ⓘ; Danish: Rendsborg-Egernførde) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the city of Kiel, the district of Plön, the city of Neumünster, the districts of Segeberg, Steinburg, Dithmarschen and Schleswig-Flensburg, and the Baltic Sea.
February 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 4 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 6

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 18  by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 5th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the saints listed on January 23.

Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich
Adelaide, Abbess of Vilich (c. 970 – 5 February 1015(?), her date of birth and death are controversial), also known as Adelheid, was the abbess of Vilich and also of St. Maria im Kapitol in Cologne. She was considered a saint by some; miracles are ascribed to her. She was descended from the German king Henry the Fowler. Her parents founded the convent at Vilich in which she became abbess.
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Cumbernauld and Kilsyth (Gaelic: Comar nan Allt agus Cill Saidh) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering part of the council area of North Lanarkshire. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of nine constituencies in the Central Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. Following the second periodic review of Scottish Parliament boundaries, Cumbernauld and Kilsyth will form part of the new Central Scotland and Lothians West from the 2026 Scottish Parliament election onwards.

The seat has been held by Jamie Hepburn of the Scottish National Party since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Scottish Westminster constituencies 1918 to 1950
Provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1918 included reorganisation of representation in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster), with new constituency boundaries being first used in the 1918 general election.

In Scotland the legislation defined 32 burgh constituencies, 38 county constituencies and one university constituency. One burgh constituency, Dundee, represented seats for two members of parliament (MPs), and the university constituency represented seats for three MPs.

Each of the other constituencies elected one MP. Therefore, the legislation provided parliamentary seats for a total of 74 Scottish MPs.

Constituencies defined by this legislation were used also in the general elections of 1922, 1923, 1924, 1929, 1931, 1935 and 1945.

For the 1950 general election, new boundaries were introduced under the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949.

Dundee (UK Parliament constituency)
Dundee was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1950, when it was split into Dundee East and Dundee West.

From 1832 to 1868 it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system, and from 1868 until its abolition for the 1950 general election it elected two MPs using the bloc vote system.
Ceroptresini
Ceroptresini is a tribe of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, and includes two genera: Ceroptres and Buffingtonella. All but one of the 44 species currently recognized are in Ceroptres. Ceroptresini, containing only Ceroptres, was first proposed as a tribe in 2015, and Buffingtonella was included the tribe in 2019 when the genus was first described. Most known species in this tribe are inquilines in galls induced by other gall wasps, but some have been reared from gall midge galls.

Ceroptres
Ceroptres is a genus of gall wasp. Most of its species are found in North America, and most are inquilines, meaning it oviposits its eggs in a host gall. These host galls are mostly induced by other gall wasps, but some species of Ceroptres use the galls of gall midges.
Ibrahim Hananu
Ibrahim Hananu (1869–1935) was a Syrian revolutionary and former Ottoman municipal official who led a revolt against the French colonial presence in northern Syria in the early 1920s. He was a member of a notable landholding family of Kurdish origin in northern Syria.

Kafr Takharim Subdistrict
Kafr Takharim Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية كفر تخاريم)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Harem District in Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Takharim Subdistrict had a population of 14772 in the 2004 census.
Daedalus
In Greek mythology, Daedalus (UK: /ˈdiːdələs/, US: /ˈdɛdələs/ ⓘ; Greek: Δαίδαλος; Latin: Daedalus; Etruscan: Taitale) was a skillful architect and craftsman, seen as a symbol of wisdom, knowledge and power. He is the father of Icarus, the uncle of Perdix, and possibly also the father of Iapyx. Among his most famous creations are the wooden cow for Pasiphaë, the Labyrinth for King Minos of Crete which imprisoned the Minotaur, and wings that he and his son Icarus used to attempt to escape Crete. It was during this escape that Icarus did not listen to his father's warnings and flew too close to the Sun; the wax holding his wings together melted and Icarus fell to his death.

Ariadne
In Greek mythology, Ariadne (/ˌæriˈædni/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: Ἀριάδνη; Latin: Ariadne) was a Cretan princess, the daughter of King Minos of Crete. There are variations of Ariadne's myth, but she is known for helping Theseus escape from the Minotaur and being abandoned by him (or herself dying) on the island of Naxos. There, Dionysus saw Ariadne sleeping, fell in love with her, and later married her. Many versions of the myth recount Dionysus throwing Ariadne's jeweled crown into the sky to create a constellation, the Corona Borealis.

Ariadne is associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of Theseus and the Minotaur.

There were also festivals held in Cyprus and Naxos in Ariadne's honor.
Choretrum
Choretrum is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the sandalwood family, Santalaceae. The genus is endemic to Australia.

Species include:

Choretrum candollei F.Muell. ex Benth. – White sour bush

Choretrum chrysanthum F.Muell.

Choretrum glomeratum R.Br. – Berry broombush, common sour bush

Choretrum lateriflorum R.Br. – Dwarf sour bush

Choretrum pauciflorum A.DC. – Dwarf sour bush

Choretrum pritzelii Diels

Choretrum spicatum F.Muell.

Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, the sandalwood family, are a family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are often unisexual or bisexual. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. They are widely distributed worldwide, primarily across temperate and tropical regions. Many members of Santalaceae have a long history of human use.
David P. Buckson
David Penrose Buckson (July 25, 1920 – January 17, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician from Camden in Kent County, Delaware. A veteran of World War II and a member of the Republican Party, he served as the 15th lieutenant governor of Delaware from 1957 to 1960, as the 63rd governor of Delaware from 1960 to 1961, and as the 37th attorney general of Delaware from 1963 to 1971.

Delaware Attorney General
The attorney general of Delaware is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Delaware, and is the chief law officer and the head of the State Department of Justice. On January 1, 2019, Kathy Jennings was sworn in as the 46th attorney general of Delaware.
Big Black Dog
"Big Black Dog" is a single released in 1970 by English rock band Humble Pie, one of the first British supergroups to form in 1969. It was the band's first single for A&M Records and the follow-up single  to "Natural Born Bugie" (1969). It was written by the band's guitarist, Peter Frampton.

The B-side, "Strange Days," is credited to Steve Marriott and Humble Pie. It later appeared on the group's fourth album, Rock On. In Germany, the B-side was "Only a Roach", which was an ode to cannabis, written and sung by drummer Jerry Shirley.

Natural Born Bugie
"Natural Born Bugie" is the debut single released in 1969 by English rock band Humble Pie, who were one of the first British supergroups. It was written as a mid tempo rock song by Steve Marriott,  for Andrew Loog Oldham's Immediate label and became the band's first single release. The original UK B-side was "Wrist Job" and it was replaced with "I'll Go Alone" for a later release in United States. The three guitarists sang a stanza each.

The song reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart during 1969. The song's refrain refers to a "Natural Born Woman".
Amderma
Amderma (Russian: Амдерма, lit. 'a walrus rookery' in Nenets) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zapolyarny District of Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the coast of Kara Sea, near the Vaygach Island, 490 kilometers (300 mi) from Naryan-Mar, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 541 (2010 census); 647 (2002 census).

Naryan-Mar
Naryan-Mar (Russian: Нарья́н-Мар; Nenets: Няръяна мар, romanized: Njarjana mar, lit. 'red town') is a sea and river port town and the administrative center of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The town is situated on the right bank of the Pechora River, 110 kilometers (68 mi) upstream from the river's mouth, on the Barents Sea. Naryan-Mar lies north of the Arctic Circle. Population: 21,658 (2010 census); 18,611 (2002 census); 20,182 (1989 Soviet census); 17,000 (1973). About half of the population of Nenetsia lives in the city.
Jiba (Tenrikyo)
In the Tenrikyo religion, the Jiba (Japanese: ぢば, 地場, 中心), also known as the Ojiba (おぢば), is the axis mundi where adherents believe that God created humankind. The spot is located in the center of the main sanctuary at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, located in Tenri, Nara, Japan (coordinates: 34°36′04″N 135°50′36″E﻿ / ﻿34.601227°N 135.843227°E﻿ / 34.601227; 135.843227). It is marked by a sacred wooden pillar called the Kanrodai (甘露台).

In Japanese, using kanji, Jiba can be written as 地場, and Ojiba as 御地場. However, in Tenrikyo publications, it is typically written using only hiragana.

Tenri, Nara
Tenri (天理市, Tenri-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 60,890 in 29456 households, and a population density of 700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 86.42 km2 (33.37 sq mi). The city is named after the Japanese new religion Tenrikyo, which has its headquarters in the city.
Salpinga
Salpinga is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.

Its native range is Southern Tropical America.

Species:

Salpinga ciliata Pilg.

Salpinga dimorpha (Gleason) Wurdack

Salpinga glandulosa (Gleason) Wurdack

Salpinga longifolia Triana

Salpinga maguirei Gleason

Salpinga maranonensis Wurdack

Salpinga margaritacea (W.Bull ex Naudin) Triana

Salpinga monostachya Pittier

Salpinga paleacea Wurdack

Salpinga peruviana (Cogn.) Wurdack

Salpinga pusilla (Gleason) Wurdack

Salpinga secunda Schrank & Mart. ex DC.

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
Byrama
Byrama (Russian: Бырама; Yakut: Бырама, Bırama) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Kholguminsky Rural Okrug of Megino-Kangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 63 kilometers (39 mi) from Mayya, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 294; down from 347 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Mayya (rural locality)
Mayya (Russian: Майя, Yakut: Майа, Maya) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of the Selo of Maya of Megino-Kangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 34 kilometers (21 mi) from Nizhny Bestyakh, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 7,288, of whom 3,385 were male and 3,903 female, up from 7,023 as recorded during the 2002 Census.
Neukom Elfe
The Neukom Elfe is family of Swiss single-seat high-performance sailplane designs.

The aircraft is a shoulder-wing cantilever monoplane with a wing made from a balsa and plywood sandwich covered in fiberglass and a fuselage built from plywood.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
The Trust Project
The Trust Project is a complex international consortium involving over 100 news organizations working towards greater transparency and accountability in the global news industry, including The Economist, Folha de São Paulo, The Globe and Mail, the Independent Journal Review, Mic, Italy's La Repubblica, Il Sole 24 Ore, and La Stampa. The Project was started in 2014 by Sally Lehrman, a journalist and former director of Santa Clara University's journalism ethics program at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics and launched in November 2017. Richard Gingras, head of Google News is a co-founder.

Reach plc
Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newsbrand, magazine and digital publisher. It is one of the UK and Ireland's largest commercial news groups, both in online audience and titles, with over 120 print and online brands, including nationals Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, local titles including the Manchester Evening News, Liverpool Echo, BirminghamLive, Nottingham Post and BelfastLive, as well as WalesOnline, OK!  magazine, and the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Reach plc's headquarters are at One Canada Square in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Scour (band)
Scour is an American black metal supergroup formed in 2015. It features vocalist Phil Anselmo (Pantera, Down), guitarists Derek Engemann (ex-Cattle Decapitation) and Mark Kloeppel (Misery Index), bassist John Jarvis (Agoraphobic Nosebleed, Nest, ex-Pig Destroyer), and drummer Adam Jarvis (Pig Destroyer, Misery Index, Nailbomb).

Down (band)
Down is an American heavy metal supergroup that formed in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1991. The current lineup consists of vocalist Phil Anselmo (Pantera and Superjoint Ritual), drummer Jimmy Bower (Crowbar, Eyehategod, Superjoint Ritual), guitarists Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity) and Kirk Windstein (Crowbar, Sun Don't Shine), and bassist Pat Bruders (Goatwhore, Crowbar).

Since their formation, Down has gone on hiatus twice and has released five studio albums. The first three were LPs entitled NOLA (1995), Down II: A Bustle in Your Hedgerow (2002), and Down III: Over the Under (2007). In 2008, the band began working on additional material, which resulted in two EPs entitled Down IV – Part I, released in September 2012, and Down IV – Part II, released in May 2014.
Jackie Slack
Jackie Slack  (born 25 July 1959) is a British former footballer who played as a left-back for the England women's national football team, playing thirty two matches and scoring one goal. She was part of the team at the 1987 Women's EURO held in Norway. Slack is also a two time winner of the Women's FA Cup.

1982 WFA Cup final
The 1982 WFA Cup Final was the 12th final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. The showpiece event was played under the auspices of the Women's Football Association (WFA). Lowestoft and Cleveland Spartans contested the match at Loftus Road in London on 1 May 1982. Lowestoft won 2–0.
Lindemann (band)
Lindemann was a German musical project fronted by vocalist Till Lindemann. It was formed in 2014 as a super-duo alongside Swedish multi-instrumentalist Peter Tägtgren. Tägtgren originally defined their sound as a cross between his project Pain and Lindemann's main band Rammstein, adding "at least it's a mix of Rammstein vocals and Pain music." Together, they released two studio albums Skills in Pills (2015) and F & M (2019), as well as the live album Live in Moscow (2021). After Tägtgren's departure from the band in 2020, Lindemann started releasing music under his own name.

Pain (musical project)
Pain (typeset as PAIN) is a musical project from Sweden that mixes heavy metal with influences from electronic music and techno. The project started out as a hobby project for frontman Peter Tägtgren, whose idea was to fuse heavy metal with 1980s-inspired electro-industrial and techno influences. Tägtgren, who is also the vocalist/guitarist of Hypocrisy and producer of his own The Abyss studios, is the only current member.
Acraga puno
Acraga puno is a moth in the family Dalceridae. It was described by S.E. Miller in 1994. It is found in southern Peru. The habitat consists of tropical moist and tropical premontane wet forests.

The length of the forewings in male is 14 mm (0.55 in).

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
Whitman station
Whitman station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Whitman, Massachusetts. It serves the Plymouth/Kingston Line. It is located off South Avenue (Route 27). Parking is available on the south side of South Avenue on both sides of the tracks. The station opened along with the rest of the line on September 26, 1997.

Massachusetts Route 27
Route 27 is a 73.44-mile-long (118.19 km) south–north state highway in eastern Massachusetts. Its southern terminus is at Route 106 in Kingston and its northern terminus is at Route 4 in Chelmsford. Along the way it intersects several major highways including Route 24 in Brockton, U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Walpole, Route 9 in Natick, US 20 in Wayland, Route 225 in Westford, Route 2, Route 119, Route 2A, and Route 111 all in Acton.

Route 30 in Wayland, Route 135 in Natick,
Landrés rímur
Landrés rímur is a 15th century rímur cycle based on a part of Karlamagnús saga. It deals with the tribulations of Queen Ólíf and her son Landrés who are betrayed by the evil Mílon. From the mansöngr of the rímur, it is clear that the author was a woman. This is the only known case of female authorship for a medieval rímur cycle. The cycle was dated by Finnur Jónsson as "hardly younger than 1450" and by Haukur Þorgeirsson to the period 1450–1500. The oldest surviving manuscript is the mid-16th century vellum manuscript Staðarhólsbók. The cycle was printed as part of Finnur Jónsson's Rímnasafn edition of the oldest rímur.

Karlamagnús saga
The Karlamagnús saga, also called Karlamagnussaga or Karlamagnus-saga ("saga of Charlemagne") was a late-thirteenth-century Norse prose compilation and adaptation, made for Haakon V of Norway, of the Old French chansons de geste of the Matter of France dealing with Charlemagne and his paladins.  In some cases, the Karlamagnús saga remains the only source for otherwise-lost Old French epics.
Diósgyőri Stadion (1939)
Diósgyőri Stadion was a multi-purpose stadium in Miskolc, Hungary. It was the playing field of the local football association and was the home of the Diósgyőri VTK. It had a capacity of approximately 17,000.

Running track
An all-weather running track is a rubberized, artificial running surface for track and field athletics. It provides a consistent surface for competitors to test their athletic ability unencumbered by adverse weather conditions. Historically, various forms of dirt, rocks, sand, and crushed cinders were used. Many examples of these varieties of track still exist worldwide.