hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Schwaben Open
The 2019 Schwaben Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Augsburg, Germany between 5 and 11 August 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
NGC 1100
NGC 1100 is a spiral galaxy located around 235 million light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. NGC 1100 is situated close to the celestial equator, and it was discovered on October 17, 1885, by Francis Preserved Leavenworth. NGC 1100 is not known to have much star formation, and is not known to have an active galactic nucleus.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 1100: SN 2024vcj (type Ia-91bg-like, mag. 19.36).

Francis Preserved Leavenworth
Francis Preserved Leavenworth (September 3, 1858 in Mount Vernon, Indiana – November 12, 1928; a.k.a. Frank Leavenworth) was an American astronomer.  He discovered many New General Catalogue objects together with Frank Muller and Ormond Stone. They used a telescope with a 66-cm aperture at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. He later became Professor of Astronomy at the University of Minnesota in 1892 and was given the title Professor Emeritus when he retired 35 years later.

He became a member of the Camden Astronomical Society shortly after its founding in 1888.

In 1909 he joined Frederick C. Leonard's Society for Practical Astronomy.
Chestatee Regional Library System
The Chestatee Regional Library System (CRLS) is a system of two public libraries serving the counties of Dawson County, and Lumpkin County, Georgia, United States. Their regional headquarters are located at the Lumpkin County branch, in the city of Dahlonega.

CRLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to over 10.6 million books in the system's circulation. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Georgia Public Library Service
The Georgia Public Library Service (GPLS) is the state agency for libraries in the U.S. State of Georgia and a unit of the University System of Georgia. The service was initially founded in 1996 after the inception of the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA), and in July 2000 moved from the Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education (DTAE) to the Georgia Board of Regents and University System of Georgia. Julie Walker is the current State Librarian.
Gorenje Grčevje
Gorenje Grčevje (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnjɛ ɡəɾˈtʃeːu̯jɛ]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The entire City Municipality of Novo Mesto is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Colin Bell (footballer, born 1946)
Colin Bell MBE (26 February 1946 – 5 January 2021) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Bell, known for his thirteen-year spell at Manchester City, is regarded as the club's greatest-ever player, and was part of the Bell–Lee–Summerbee trio in the late 1960s and 1970s. Bell made 48 appearances for the England national football team; he was an unused squad member at UEFA Euro 1968 and played in three matches at the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

During his playing career, he was nicknamed "The King of the Kippax" (after Maine Road's Kippax Street terraced stand renowned for its singing) and Nijinsky (after the famous racehorse, due to his renowned stamina). In 2004, the West Stand of City of Manchester Stadium was later named in his honour.

1974–75 British Home Championship
The 1974–75 British Home Championship was an international football tournament between the British Home Nations. It resulted in a resounding victory for an England team which was going through one of the worst periods of consistent play in their history. The tournament saw several draws, including two dramatic 2–2 ties for the Welsh team against England and Scotland and a goalless draw between England and Northern Ireland. The Scots had begun better, beating the Irish 3–0 in their second game and so entered the final match with a real chance of victory. The Welsh, like the English, had a 2-point advantage in their final match, but failed to capitalise on this, losing to Northern Ireland and ending in last place. The final game, between England and Scotland was in the end a one-sided affair, the English crushing the Scots in a 5–1 rout and winning the tournament.
Cheung Sha Wan Catholic Secondary School
Cheung Sha Wan Catholic Secondary School (Chinese: 長沙灣天主教英文中學, abbr. CSWCSS) is one of Hong Kong's leading English boys' schools. It was established on 20 November 1970 by the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. The school is situated on Fuk Wing Street, Cheung Sha Wan, Hong Kong.

In 2017, the school ranked 73 among the top 100 schools in Hong Kong. It is one of the best schools in Sham Shui Po. Most Form 1 new students are in band 1.

Cheung Sha Wan
Cheung Sha Wan (長沙灣; Chèuhngsāwàahn; 'Long Sandy Bay') is an area between Lai Chi Kok and Sham Shui Po in New Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is mainly residential to the north and south, with an industrial area in between. Administratively it is part of Sham Shui Po District, which also includes Lai Chi Kok.
Arthur E. Bryson
Arthur Earl Bryson Jr. (born October 7, 1925)  is the Paul Pigott Professor of Engineering Emeritus at Stanford University and the "father of modern optimal control theory". With Henry J. Kelley, he also pioneered an early version of the backpropagation procedure,
now widely used for machine learning and artificial neural networks.

He was a member of the U.S. Navy V-12 program at Iowa State College, and received his B.S. in aeronautical engineering there in 1946.  He earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology, graduating in 1951.  His thesis An Interferometric Wind Tunnel Study of Transonic Flow past Wedge and Circular Arcs was advised by Hans W. Liepmann.

Bryson was the Ph.D. advisor to the Harvard control theorist Yu-Chi Ho.

In 1970, Bryson was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to engineering education and imaginative application of modern statistical methods to engineering optimization.

Hans W. Liepmann
Hans Wolfgang Liepmann (July 3, 1914 – June 24, 2009) was an American fluid dynamicist,
aerospace scientist and emeritus Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology.

He is known for his numerous contributions in fluid mechanics covering a wide range of problem areas, such as flow instability and turbulence, gas kinetics, viscous compressible fluids and liquid helium flows.
Rocky Larson
Rocky Larson is an American college football coach and athletic director, currently the head football coach and athletic director at Mayville State University in Mayville, North Dakota. He has held his position has head football coach since 2020 and has been the athletic director since 2023.

Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons football
The Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Wisconsin–River Falls located in River Falls, Wisconsin. The team competes at the NCAA Division III level and is a member of the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC).  The school first fielded a football team in 1895. The Falcons wear red, white, and black. Ramer Field, where the Falcons play their home games, was the host of the Kansas City Chiefs' training camp from 1992 to 2008.
2022 Sweden Hockey Games
The 2021 Beijer Hockey Games was played between 5 and 8 May 2022. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. One match was played in Tampere, Finland the rest of the matches were played in Stockholm, Sweden. Czech Republic won the tournament. The tournament was part of 2021–22 Euro Hockey Tour.

Switzerland replaced Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College
Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College or LLRMC is a state-run Medical College located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is named after the Arya Samaj leader, Lala Lajpat Rai.

The college is affiliated with Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut and was established in 1966.

The college is situated on the Garh Road, Meerut.

Chaudhary Charan Singh University
Chaudhary Charan Singh University (CCS University), formerly Meerut University, is a public state university located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The university was established in 1965. It was later renamed to its current name after Chaudhary Charan Singh, former Prime minister of India. The university celebrated its silver jubilee in 1991.
Kamohelo Mokotjo
Kamohelo Mokotjo (born 11 March 1991) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a defensive midfielder.

After beginning his career in his native South Africa, Mokotjo came to prominence in the Netherlands with FC Twente and later played in England for Brentford and in the United States for FC Cincinnati. He returned to South Africa in 2023, where he played for Sekhukhune United and Cape Town City. Mokotjo represented South Africa at international level.

Johan Cruyff Shield
The Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal, pronounced [ˌjoːɦɑŋ ˈkrœyf ˌsxaːl]) is a football trophy in the Netherlands named after Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff, also often referred to as the Dutch Super Cup. The winner is decided in one match only, played by the winner of the national football league, Eredivisie, and the winner of the national KNVB Cup. In the event of a team winning both the Eredivisie and the KNVB Cup, the Johan Cruyff Shield will be contested between that team and the runner up in the national league.
Setaceous Hebrew character
The setaceous Hebrew character (Xestia c-nigrum) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in the Palearctic realm. It is a common species throughout Europe and North Asia and Central Asia, South Asia, China, Japan and Korea. It is also found in North America, from coast to coast across Canada and the northern United States to western Alaska. It occurs in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to southern Arizona and New Mexico. In the east, it ranges from Maine to North Carolina. It has recently been recorded in Tennessee.

The forewings of this species are reddish brown with distinctive patterning towards the base: a black mark resembling the Hebrew letter nun (נ), thus inspiring the common name, with a pale cream-coloured area adjacent to this mark. The hindwings are cream coloured. "Setaceous", meaning "having bristles", refers to the hairs on the top of the thorax and fringing the wings.

Senecio
Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes groundsels and some ragworts. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus Senecio is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Plants of the World Online currently accepts 1482 species.
2013 European Junior Swimming Championships
The 2013 European Junior Swimming Championships were held from 10 to 14 July 2013 in Poznań, Poland. The Championships were organized by LEN, the European Swimming League, and were held in a 50-meter pool. Per LEN rules, competitors must be age 15 or 16 for girls and 17 or 18 for boys.

European Junior Swimming Championships
The European Junior Swimming Championships  (50 m) is an annual swimming competition for European swimmers organized by the Ligue Européenne de Natation and held over five days. Up until 2015, the competitor age for females was 15 to 16 years, while for males it was 17 to 18 years. Since 2016, females between the ages of 14 to 17 years and males aged between 15 to 18 years are eligible to compete.
Mount Gede
Mount Gede (Indonesian: Gunung Gede; lit. 'Big Mountain' in Sundanese) is a stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. The volcano contains two peaks with Mount Gede as one peak and Mount Pangrango for the other one. Three major cities, Cianjur, Sukabumi, and Bogor, are located in the volcano complex at the east, south, and northwest, respectively, along with suburban growth.  Seven craters are located in the complex: Baru, Gumuruh (2,927 m), Lanang (2,800 m), Kawah Leutik, Ratu (2,800 m), Sela (2,709 m) and Wadon (2,600 m). Historical volcanic activity has been recorded since the 16th century.  With the amalgamation and growth of Greater Jakarta with those 3 cities, dense suburban growth has engulfed the fringes of the volcano, home to roughly 4 million people.
Though not listed as one of the Decade Volcanoes  or thought to produce large eruptions, the huge populations nearby give a potential for severe destruction if indeed a large eruption did occur.

Cianjur
Cianjur (Sundanese: ᮎᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮁ) is a town and district in the West Java province of Indonesia, and is the seat of Cianjur Regency. The district of Cianjur is located along one of the main roads between Jakarta (120 km to the northwest) and Bandung (60 km to the east). The population was 158,125 at the 2010 Census and 173,265 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at 2025 was 178,798. Because of its location, some of Cianjur's residents commute to work in Bandung.

The road on which Cianjur is located used to be the main (extremely busy) road from Jakarta to Bandung but was in effect replaced as the main road link between these two main cities when the Jakarta-Bandung tollroad was fully completed in 2005. However, due to its low traffic, Cianjur returned as one of the alternative routes for travellers from Jakarta and Bandung.
Ferrari F50
The Ferrari F50 (Type F130) is a limited production mid-engine sports car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 1995 until 1997. Introduced in 1995, the car is a two-door, two seat targa top. The F50 is powered by a 4.7 L naturally aspirated Tipo F130B 60-valve V12 engine that was developed from the 3.5 L V12 used in the 1990 Ferrari 641 Formula One car. The car's design is an evolution of the 1989 Ferrari Mythos concept car, while Pininfarina incorporated design cues from contemporary F1 racecar designs, particularly at the front.

A total of 349 cars were made, with the last car rolling off the production line in July 1997. The F50's engine predated the car; it was used in the Ferrari 333 SP for the American IMSA GT Championship in 1994, allowing it to become eligible for the stock engine World Sports Car category.

Exhaust system
An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of the following:

Cylinder head and exhaust manifold

A turbocharger to increase engine power.

A catalytic converter to reduce air pollution.

A muffler (North America/Australia) / silencer (UK/India), to reduce noise.
Tigrosa aspersa
Tigrosa aspersa is a large (up to one-inch (25 mm) body length) wolf spider that inhabits the eastern United States. Compared to its close relative Tigrosa helluo, T. aspersa is much larger. This species was known as Hogna aspersa prior to 2012, when it was moved to Tigrosa.

A different species (Lycosa implacida) was named Lycosa aspersa in 1849 by Nicolet by accident.

Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek  λύκος (lúkos) 'wolf'), named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight.

They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.

Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps.

Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent; this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders.
Khlong Bangkok Yai
Khlong Bangkok Yai (Thai: คลองบางกอกใหญ่, pronounced [kʰlɔ̄ːŋ bāːŋ.kɔ̀ːk jàj], lit. 'Big Bangkok Canal') is a historic khlong (lit. 'canal') of Bangkok. The canal has a total length of 6 km (about 3 mi) and connects with various waterways before terminating at its confluence with Khlong Mon, where it meets Khlong Chak Phra and Khlong Bang Chueak Nang. Along its course, the canal passes through three districts: Bangkok Yai, Thon Buri, and Phasi Charoen.

Khlong
A khlong (Thai: คลอง, pronounced [kʰlɔ̄ːŋ]), alternatively spelt klong (/ˈklɔːŋ/), is a type of canal found in Thailand. Khlongs are formed from the rivers Chao Phraya, Tha Chin, and Mae Klong, along with their tributaries, particularly in the low-lying areas of central Thailand. The Thai word khlong is not limited to artificial canals. Many smaller rivers are referred to as "khlong" followed by the name of the stream.
Salah Nagar
Salah Nagar is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Shahkot, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Nakodar, 37 kilometres (23 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 168 kilometres (104 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Shahkot, India
Shahkot is a small city and one of the five tehsils of Jalandhar district in Punjab, India. Shahkot is situated on Jalandhar-Moga-Barnala-Sirsa National Highway 703 (Old NH 71). Shahkot is administered by the Municipal Committee. About 176 villages belong to Shahkot tehsil.
Chernoe Znamia
Chernoe Znamia (or Chornoe Znamia) (Russian: Чёрное знамя, English: The Black Banner), known as the  Chernoznamentsy, was a Russian anarchist communist organisation. It emerged in 1903 as a federation of cadres. It took its name, "The Black Banner", from the anarchist black flag.

Paul Avrich
Paul Avrich (August 4, 1931 – February 16, 2006) was an American historian specializing in the 19th and early 20th-century anarchist movement in Russia and the United States. He taught at Queens College, City University of New York, for his entire career, from 1961 to his retirement as distinguished professor of history in 1999. He wrote ten books, mostly about anarchism, including topics such as the 1886 Haymarket Riot, the 1921 Sacco and Vanzetti case, the 1921 Kronstadt naval base rebellion, and an oral history of the movement in the United States.

As an ally of the movement's major figures, he sought to challenge the portrayal of anarchists as amoral and violent, and collected papers from these figures that he donated as a 20,000-item collection to the Library of Congress.
2024 FA Women's League Cup final
The 2024 FA Women's League Cup final was the thirteenth final of the FA Women's League Cup, England's secondary cup competition for women's football teams and its primary league cup tournament. It took place on 31 March 2024 at Molineux, and was contested by Chelsea and Arsenal.

Chelsea made their fifth consecutive (and fifth overall) appearance in a League Cup final, having lost the previous two editions. Six-time winners Arsenal contested their tenth League Cup final, and this was a rematch of the 2023 Final. It was the third time the teams had met in a League Cup final.

Arsenal won the match 1–0 and clinched their seventh title.

Caitlin Foord
Caitlin Jade Foord (born 11 November 1994) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Women's Super League club Arsenal and the Australia national team. She became the youngest Australian to play at a World Cup in 2011 at the age of 16.

In 2011, Foord was named World Cup Best Women's Young Player, Asian Women's Young Footballer of the Year, and Football Federation Australia's U20 Women's Footballer of the Year. In 2016, she was awarded Asian Women's Footballer of the Year by the Asian Football Confederation.
Rheoscopic fluid
In fluid mechanics (specifically rheology), rheoscopic fluids are fluids whose internal currents are visible as it flows. Such fluids are effective in visualizing dynamic currents, such as convection and laminar flow. They are microscopic crystalline platelets such as mica, metallic flakes, or fish scales in suspension in a fluid such as water or glycol stearate.

When the fluid is put in motion, the suspended particles orient themselves with the local fluid shear. With appropriate illumination, the particle-filled fluid will reflect differing intensities of light.

A Kalliroscope is an art device/technique based on rheoscopic fluids (using crystalline guanine as the indicator particles) invented by artist Paul Matisse.

Current (fluid)
A current in a fluid is the magnitude and direction of flow within each portion of that fluid, such as a liquid or a gas.

Types of fluid currents include:

Air current

Water current
Current (hydrology), a current in a river or stream
Ocean current
Longshore current
Boundary current
Rip current
Rip tide
Subsurface currents
Turbidity current
Tidal current
Marib Governorate
Marib (Arabic: مَأْرِب, romanized: Maʾrib) is a governorate of Yemen. It is located 173 kilometers to the northeast of Yemen's capital, Sanaa. The population of Marib Governorate comprises 1.2% of the country's total population. The city of Marib is the capital of the governorate, and was established after the discovery of oil deposits in 1984. The total number of residents living in the governorate was 238,522, according to the 2004 census, and the rate of growth was 2.72%.

As of 28 April 2020, it is the only governorate of the former North Yemen controlled by the internationally recognized Government of Yemen.

Governorates of Yemen
The Republic of Yemen is divided into twenty-one governorates (muhafazah) and one municipality (amanah).

The governorates are subdivided into 333 districts (muderiah), which are subdivided into 1,996 sub-districts, and then into 40,793 villages and 88,817 sub villages (as of 2013).

Before reunification in 1990, Yemen existed as two separate countries. South Yemen consisted of modern Aden, Abyan, Mahrah, Dhale, Hadramaut, Socotra, Lahij, and Shabwah Governorates, while the rest made up North Yemen. For more information, see Historic Governorates of Yemen.