hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Setoid
In mathematics, a setoid (X, ~) is a set (or type) X equipped with an equivalence relation ~.  A setoid may also be called E-set, Bishop set, or extensional set.

Setoids are studied especially in proof theory and in type-theoretic foundations of mathematics. Often in mathematics, when one defines an equivalence relation on a set, one immediately forms the quotient set (turning equivalence into equality). In contrast, setoids may be used when a difference between identity and equivalence must be maintained, often with an interpretation of intensional equality (the equality on the original set) and extensional equality (the equivalence relation, or the equality on the quotient set).

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Whispers (Thomas Anders album)
Whispers is the second studio album by German singer Thomas Anders, released in 1991. It was produced by Paul Muggleton and Mike Paxman (Nick Kamen) and mixed by Stephen W Tayler. Some tracks for the album were provided by songwriters of Roxette (Per Gessle) and Jennifer Rush (Candy DeRouge). It features a remake of The Stylistics' classic "Can't Give You Anything (But My Love)". Backing vocals were provided by Judie Tzuke and Don Snow (ex-Squeeze).

Peter Ries
Peter Ries (also known as Marc Cassandra, Gilbert or Steve Hall) is a German record producer, composer, arranger and remixer.

Ries started his career as a singer in 1980 under the nickname Gilbert. Following collaborations with Sandra and Sally Oldfield, he produced singles with 'N Sync, Kylie Minogue, Love Inc., Eros Ramazzotti, No Angels, Bro'Sis, Joana Zimmer, Thomas Anders, Xavier Naidoo, Kool & the Gang, Mr. President, Enigma and several DSDS candidates including Juliette Schoppmann and Mike Leon Grosch.
Ludington United States Coast Guard Station
The Ludington United States Coast Guard Station is a Coast Guard facility located at 101 South Lakeshore Drive in Ludington, Michigan.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The building is planned to be used as a maritime museum slated to open in early 2017

Ludington, Michigan
Ludington (/ˈlʌdɪŋtən/ LUH-ding-tən) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat and the largest city in Mason County. The population was 7,655 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth largest city in the northern Michigan area.

The city is located at the mouth of the Pere Marquette River at Lake Michigan. Nearby are Ludington State Park (which includes the Big Sable Point Light), Nordhouse Dunes Wilderness, and Manistee National Forest, making the area a popular tourist destination in the summer. Ludington is the home port of the SS Badger, a vehicle and passenger ferry with daily service in the summer across Lake Michigan to Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
Dimethyldienolone
Dimethyldienolone (developmental code name RU-2788), or 7α,17α-dimethyldienolone, also known as δ9-7α,17α-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone or as 7α,17α-dimethylestr-4,9-dien-17β-ol-3-one, is a 17α-alkylated androgen/anabolic steroid of the 19-nortestosterone group which was never marketed. It is closely related to dimethyltrienolone, as well as to mibolerone and metribolone. Dimethyldienolone shows high affinity for the androgen and progesterone receptors.

Dimethyldienolone is made from almestrone.

Progesterone receptor
The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells. It is activated by the steroid hormone progesterone.

In humans, PR is encoded by a single PGR gene residing on chromosome 11q22, it has three isoforms: PR-A, PR-B, and PR-C. Though PR-A and PR-B are much more well studied compared to PR-C. The PR-B is the positive regulator of the effects of progesterone, while PR-A serve to antagonize the effects of PR-B.
Open network architecture
In telecommunications, and in the context of Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Computer Inquiry III, Open network architecture (ONA) is the overall design of a communication carrier's basic network facilities and services to permit all users of the basic network to interconnect to specific basic network functions and interfaces on an unbundled, equal-access basis.

The ONA concept consists of three integral components:

Basic serving arrangements (BSAs)

Basic service elements (BSEs)

Complementary network services

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
Trichobilharzia regenti
Trichobilharzia regenti is a neuropathogenic parasitic flatworm of birds which also causes cercarial dermatitis in humans. The species was originally described in 1998 in the Czech Republic and afterwards it was detected also in other European countries, e.g. Denmark, Belgium, Germany, France, Iceland, Poland, Switzerland, or Russia, and even in Iran. For its unique neurotropic behaviour in vertebrate hosts, the host-parasite interactions are extensively studied in terms of molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Shorea
Shorea is a genus of about 47 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The timber of trees of the genus is sold under the common names lauan, luan, lawaan, meranti, seraya, balau, bangkirai, and Philippine mahogany.

Rubroshorea smithiana
Rubroshorea smithiana (called, along with some other dipterocarp species, light red meranti) is a large emergent rainforest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is endemic to Borneo. It is threatened by habitat loss. The tallest measured specimen is 82.3 m tall in the Tawau Hills National Park, in Sabah, Borneo.

The species was first described as Shorea smithiana by Colin Fraser Symington in 1938. In 2022 Peter Shaw Ashton and Jacqueline Heckenhauer placed the species in genus Rubroshorea as R. smithiana.
Gmina Ostrzeszów
Gmina Ostrzeszów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ostrzeszów, which lies approximately 134 kilometres (83 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 187.49 square kilometres (72.4 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 24,212 (out of which the population of Ostrzeszów amounts to 14,095, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,117).

Ostrzeszów County
Ostrzeszów County (Polish: powiat ostrzeszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrzeszów, which lies 134 kilometres (83 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań. The county also contains the towns of Grabów nad Prosną, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Ostrzeszów, and Mikstat, 15 km (9 mi) north of Ostrzeszów.

The county covers an area of 772.37 square kilometres (298.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 54,490, out of which the population of Ostrzeszów is 14,536, that of Grabów nad Prosną is 1,967, that of Mikstat is 1,840, and the rural population is 36,147.
Live at the Marquee (King Crimson album)
Live at the Marquee is a live album by the band King Crimson derived from a low-quality audience bootleg recorded at London's Marquee Club in July 1969. It was the first release from the King Crimson Collector's Club, in October 1998, and includes liner notes by the band's guitarist, Robert Fripp.

The last track, recorded at Fairfield Halls, Croydon a few months later, is the only known recording of the song "Trees", which includes music that would later appear in both "A Man, A City"/"Pictures of a City" from In the Wake of Poseidon and "Wishbone Ascension" from McDonald and Giles. This track is sourced from an even lower quality bootleg than the Marquee recording.

Michael Giles
Michael Rex Giles (born 1 March 1942) is an English drummer, percussionist, and vocalist, best known as one of the co-founders of King Crimson in 1968. Prior to the formation of King Crimson, he was part of the eccentric pop trio Giles, Giles and Fripp along with his brother, bassist Peter, and guitarist Robert Fripp. They were active between 1967–1968.
Saddle roof
A saddle roof is a roof form that follows a convex curve about one axis and a concave curve about the other. The hyperbolic paraboloid form has been used for roofs at various times since it is easily constructed from straight sections of lumber, steel, or other conventional materials. The term is used because the form resembles the shape of a saddle.

Sometimes referred to as a hypar, the saddle roof may also be formed as a tensegrity structure.

Mathematically, a saddle shape contains at least one saddle point.

The historical meaning is a synonym for a gable roof, particularly a dual-pitched roof on a tower, also called a pack-saddle roof.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Dimetacrine
Dimetacrine (also known as dimethacrine and acripramine; brand names Istonil, Istonyl, Linostil, and Miroistonil) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in Europe and formerly in Japan for the treatment of depression. It has imipramine-like effects; though, in a double-blind clinical trial against imipramine, dimetacrine was found to have lower efficacy in comparison and produced more weight loss and abnormal liver tests.

Little is known about the pharmacology of dimetacrine, but it can be inferred that it acts in a similar manner to other TCAs. If this is indeed the case, dimetacrine may induce severe cardiac toxicity in overdose (a side effect unique to the tricyclic class of antidepressants).

Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related group of antidepressant compounds.

Although TCAs are sometimes prescribed for depressive disorders, they have been largely replaced in clinical use in most parts of the world by newer antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs). Adverse effects have been found to be of a similar level between TCAs and SSRIs.
Promecheilidae
Promecheilidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. Perimylopidae is considered a synonym. They are found in southern South America and associated archipelagos like South Georgia and the Falklands, New Zealand and Tasmania. Some species are associated tree ferns and moss-covered dead wood, and other forested habitats, while others are associated with peat bogs, grasslands and coastal habitats. They are probably phytophagus, feeding on lichen, moss, and other plant material.

Adult beetles have an 11 segmented antenna, the head is narrowed behind the eye. They have a tarsal formula of 5-5-4. The family is part of a clade that includes the Archeocrypticidae, Mycetophagidae, and Ulodidae.

Mycetophagidae
The Mycetophagidae or hairy fungus beetles are a family of beetles in the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. The different species are between 1.0 and 6.5 mm in length. The larvae and adults live in decaying leaf litter, fungi, and under bark. Most species feed on fungi (hence the name).  Worldwide, the 18 genera contain around 200 species.
Oriental dollarbird
The Oriental dollarbird (Eurystomus orientalis) is a bird of the roller family, so named because of the distinctive pale blue or white, coin-shaped spots on its wings. It can be found from Australia to Korea, Japan and India.

Louis Pierre Vieillot
Louis Pierre Vieillot (French pronunciation: [lwi pjɛʁ vjɛjo]; 10 May 1748 in Yvetot – 24 August 1830 in Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist.

Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collected himself in the West Indies, as well as North American and South American species discovered but not formally named by Félix de Azara and his translator Sonnini de Manoncourt. He was among the first ornithologists to study changes in plumage and one of the first to study live birds. At least 88 of the genera erected by Vieillot are still in use.
My body, my choice
My body, my choice is a slogan describing freedom of choice on issues affecting the body and health, such as bodily autonomy, abortion and end-of-life care. The slogan emerged around 1969 with feminists defending an individual's right of self determination over their bodies for sexual, marriage and reproductive choices as rights. The slogan has been used around the world and translated into many different languages. The use of the slogan has caused different types of controversy in different countries and is often used as a rallying cry during protests and demonstrations and/or to bring attention to different feminist issues.

International Conference on Population and Development
The United Nations coordinated an International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt, on 5–13 September 1994. Its resulting Programme of Action is the steering document for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). After two years of preparation, 179 nations met in Cairo in September 1994 and adopted a 20-year Programme of Action. Core principles included establishing human rights—particularly reproductive rights—at the center of sustainable development, empowering women, and focusing on health, education, and gender equality.

Some 20,000 delegates from various governments, UN agencies, NGOs, and the media gathered for a discussion of a variety of population issues, including immigration, infant mortality, birth control, family planning, the education of women, and protection for women from unsafe abortion services.
Free Africa Foundation
The Free Africa Foundation is a Washington, D.C.–based think tank founded by Ghanaian economist George Ayittey  which criticizes corruption, oppression, and mismanagement in African governments, and advocates for democratic reform. Its board includes Makaziwe Mandela and Larry Diamond. Ayittey founded The Free Africa Foundation in 1993, to serve as a catalyst for reform in Africa.

The Foundation's website includes the Cato Institute, Earhart Foundation, John M. Olin Foundation and Foreign Policy Research Institute among its donors and sponsors.

Foreign Policy Research Institute
The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American think tank based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that conducts research on geopolitics, international relations, and international security in the various regions of the world and on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism, and on think tanks themselves. It publishes a quarterly journal, Orbis, and a series of monographs, books, and electronic newsletters.
Jupiter (apple)
Jupiter is a modern cultivar of domesticated apple which was developed in England, by crossing a Cox's Orange Pippin with a Starking Delicious apple. According to the Orange Pippin website, it is one of the best Cox-style apples, with somewhat a more robust flavor, but more importantly, much more disease resistant. It is a heavy cropper and has a tendency to biennial bearing if not thinned. It is also frost resistant, and earned the Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1993.

Cox's Orange Pippin
Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox or Cox's Pippins, is an apple cultivar first grown in 1825 or 1830 at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox.

Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown, Ribston Pippin seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent.
Molar mass distribution
In polymer chemistry, the molar mass distribution (or molecular weight distribution) describes the relationship between the number of moles of each polymer species (Ni) and the molar mass (Mi) of that species. In linear polymers, the individual polymer chains rarely have exactly the same degree of polymerization and molar mass, and there is always a distribution around an average value. The molar mass distribution of a polymer may be modified by polymer fractionation.

Viscometer
A viscometer (also called viscosimeter) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions, an instrument called a rheometer is used. Thus, a rheometer can be considered as a special type of viscometer. Viscometers can measure only constant viscosity, that is, viscosity that does not change with flow conditions.

In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag caused by relative motion of the fluid and a surface is a measure of the viscosity. The flow conditions must have a sufficiently small value of Reynolds number for there to be laminar flow.

At 20 °C, the dynamic viscosity (kinematic viscosity × density) of water is 1.0038 mPa·s and its kinematic viscosity (product of flow time × factor) is 1.0022 mm2/s. These values are used for calibrating certain types of viscometers.
Birth of the Beatles
Birth of the Beatles is a 1979 American biographical film, produced by Dick Clark Productions and directed by Richard Marquand. It was shown as a TV film on ABC in the United States, and received a theatrical release in other countries. The film focuses on the early history of the Beatles. It was released nine years after the Beatles disbanded, and is the only biographical film about the band to be released while all four members were alive. Pete Best, the Beatles' original drummer, served as a technical advisor for the production.

Rory Storm
Rory Storm (born Alan Ernest Caldwell; 7 January 1938 – 28 September 1972) was an English musician and vocalist. Born in Liverpool, Storm was the singer and leader of Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, a Liverpudlian band who were contemporaries of the Beatles in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

The Hurricanes were one of the most popular acts on the Liverpool and Hamburg club scenes during their existence, although their attempt at a recording career was not successful. They released only two singles (and one additional compilation track) during their early 1960s heyday, and none of their material made the charts. Their second and final single was a version of the West Side Story song "America", and was produced by the Beatles' manager Brian Epstein.
2015 Mole Valley District Council election
The 2015 Mole Valley District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect approximately one-third of members to Mole Valley District Council in England coinciding with other local elections held simultaneously with a general election which resulted in increased turnout compared to the election four years before.  Some two-member wards such as Holmwoods did not hold a local election in this year, being contested in even-numbered years.

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Anthony Ian Berkeley
Anthony Ian Berkeley (November 15, 1964 – July 15, 2001) better known as Poetic,  was an American rapper and producer. He was also a founding member of the hip-hop group Gravediggaz, for which he used the alias Grym Reaper. He also used the alias Tony Titanium.

His daughter is the German rapper Qidinah Eunique Cudjo Berkeley, better known by her stage name Eunique.

The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel
The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel is the second studio album by hip hop supergroup Gravediggaz. Released on September 16, 1997, via Gee Street, V2 and BMG Records, the album has a more socially conscious sound and is considerably calmer than its predecessor; it features heavy production input by the RZA and his production team the Wu Elements.

In contrast to the group's debut album, Prince Paul had less involvement in the production of this album. He did produce the outro and the skit preceding "Hidden Emotions." He was still billed as an official member of the group, however, and appeared on the cover and inserts of the album.

Two singles were released from the album, "Dangerous Mindz" and "The Night the Earth Cried," though neither made it to the Billboard charts.