hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
XVI International Chopin Piano Competition
The XVI International Chopin Piano Competition (Polish: XVI Międzynarodowy Konkurs Pianistyczny im. Fryderyka Chopina) was held in Warsaw, Poland from 3 to 20 October 2010, for the first time organized by the Fryderyk Chopin Institute. Prize winners' concerts were held October 21–23. The first prize was awarded to Yulianna Avdeeva.

Fryderyk Chopin Institute
The  Fryderyk Chopin Institute (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina) is a Polish organization dedicated to researching and promoting the life and works of Polish composer Frédéric Chopin. It was created in 2001 as the result of legislation in the Polish Parliament and is under direct control of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Its headquarters are located in Warsaw.
Judith Elizabeth Adams
Judith Elizabeth Adams (16 May 1945 – 30 September 2017) was an English professor, musculoskeletal radiologist, honorary consultant, and clinical director of the radiology department at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.

Royal College of Radiologists
The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) is the professional body responsible for the specialties of clinical oncology and clinical radiology throughout the United Kingdom. Its role is to advance the science and practice of radiology and oncology, further public education, and set appropriate professional standards of practice. The college sets and monitors the educational curriculum for those training to enter the profession and administers the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists exams. It is a registered charity in the United Kingdom (no. 211540).

The RCR has 2 faculties, representing Clinical Oncology and Clinical Radiology. It publishes two academic journals, Clinical Oncology and Clinical Radiology.

The RCR has been based at 63 Lincoln's Inn Fields in London since July 2013.
Empire season 3
The third season of the American television drama series Empire premiered on September 21, 2016, in the United States on Fox. The third season was ordered on January 15, 2016. The show is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, in association with Imagine Entertainment, Lee Daniels Entertainment, Danny Strong Productions and Little Chicken Inc. The showrunners for this season are Ilene Chaiken, Danny Strong and Lee Daniels. The season aired on Wednesday at 9:00 pm, the same slot as the previous seasons. The season concluded on May 24, 2017 and consisted of 18 episodes.

Sierra McClain
Sierra Aylina McClain (born March 16, 1994) is an American actress and singer. As an actress, she was first recognized for her role as Sierra in Daddy's Little Girls (2007). She had her breakthrough as Nessa Parker in Empire (2016–2018), and is also best known for starring as Tanya Clifton in the television series Mindhunter (2019), and as Grace Ryder in 9-1-1: Lone Star (2020–2023). Her film roles have included starring as Tosha in the film Honey: Rise Up and Dance (2018), and as Carina in Shrink (2009).

As a singer, she is best known as a member of her family pop/R&B group, Thriii, with her sisters.
G. M. Palya
Garakamanthana Palya or G. M. Palya is one of the neighbourhoods in Bengaluru. It is part of C. V. Raman Nagar Assembly constituency in East Bengaluru. It is named after Garakamantha (Jatayu, brother of Garuda, who fought with demon king Ravana). Kaggadasapura, Vignananagar, Basavanagar, Malleshpalya, BEML, LBS Nagar, Shivananda Nagar, Puttappa Layout, Byrasandra, Cauveri Colony, Krishnappa Gardeen, C. V. Raman Nagar, Vimanapura are the nearby localities.

Vimanapura
Vimanapura or Baiyyappanahalli Vimanapura is an eastern suburb of Bangalore in Karnataka in India. It is so called because it is near Bangalore HAL airport. Vimanapura houses many of the HAL offices and the HAL hospital. The busy Old Airport Road goes through it.
James L. English
James Lawrence English (June 5, 1813 – May 29, 1889) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician.

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, English lived in Pettis County, Missouri, prior to moving to Sacramento, California, in 1853. Shortly after his arrival, he became associated with Philip Leget Edwards in the Sacramento law firm of Edwards and English.

English was Mayor of Sacramento in 1855. From 1857 to 1858, he was California State Treasurer. He also served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876.

James L. English died at age 76 in Sacramento. He is interred in the Sacramento Historic City Cemetery.

California State Treasurer
The state treasurer of California is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of California. The incumbent treasurer, Democrat Fiona Ma, is the 34th individual to have held the office since statehood. The state treasurer's main office is located in the Jesse M. Unruh State Office Building in Sacramento.
Dimension time cost model
The dimension time cost model (DTC) is a creative problem-solving technique that analyzes a problem by maximizing its possible characteristics. Dimension can also encompass other physical characteristics such as temperature, brightness, mass, etc. The DTC model encouragaes creativity by reviewing a system at its potential minimal and maximal points.

The approach is based on the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ).

Creative problem-solving
Creative problem-solving is the mental process of searching for an original and previously unknown solution to a problem. To qualify, the solution must be novel and reached independently. The creative problem-solving process was originally developed by Alex Osborn and Sid Parnes. Creative problem solving is a way of using creativity to develop new ideas and solutions to problems. The process is based on separating divergent and convergent thinking styles, so that one can focus their mind on creating at the first stage, and then evaluating at the second stage.
Priogymnanthus
Priogymnanthus is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae native to tropical South America, in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Argentina and Paraguay.

They are deciduous or semi-deciduous trees, closely related to Mesoamerican Chionanthus and Forestiera.

Species

Priogymnanthus apertus (B.Ståhl) P.S.Green - Ecuador

Priogymnanthus colombianus Fern.Alonso. & P.A. Morales-M. - Colombia

Priogymnanthus hasslerianus (Chodat) P.S.Green - Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina

Chionanthus
Chionanthus (/ˌkaɪoʊˈnænθəs/), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.

The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one (C. retusus) in eastern Asia and two (C. virginicus and C. henryae) in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.

They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.
Venus State Battery
Venus State Battery is a heritage-listed stamper battery at MacDonald Street, Millchester, Charters Towers, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1872. It is also known as Venus Gold Battery and Venus Mill. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Walkers Limited
Walkers Limited was an Australian engineering and shipbuilding company based in Maryborough, Queensland. It built large vessels and railway locomotives. The Walkers factory still produces locomotives and rolling stock as part of Downer Rail.
Pleasant Valley High School (Pennsylvania)
Pleasant Valley High School is a public high school in Brodheadsville, Pennsylvania (U.S.). It is the sole high school operated by the Pleasant Valley School District. As of the 2023-24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,352 students, according to National Center for Education Statistics data.

The school's name was given by its founder, John C. Mills, who took it from a common name for the area used by the locals. Pleasant Valley High School is located on U.S. Route 209. The building was built in 1960 and renovated in 2005. The school had 1,569 students as of the 2018–2019 school year.

Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association
The Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, Inc. (PIAA) is the primary governing body of high school and middle school athletics in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. PIAA's main office is located in the Harrisburg suburb of Mechanicsburg.
Taara (company)
Taara Connect, Inc. (doing business as Taara) is an American telecommunications technology company developing free-space optical communications (FSO) systems that use beams of light to deliver high-speed data links. The company spun out of X, Alphabet's Moonshot Factory, in March 2025 and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.

X Development
X Development LLC, doing business as X (formerly Google X), is an American semi-secret research and development facility and organization founded by Google in January 2010. X has its headquarters about a mile and a half from Google's corporate headquarters, the Googleplex, in Mountain View, California.

According to an official blog post from the company, X's mission is to "invent and launch 'moonshot' technologies that [they] hope could make the world a radically better place." A moonshot is defined by X as the intersection of a big problem, a radical solution, and breakthrough technology. Work at X is overseen by entrepreneur scientist Astro Teller, as CEO and "Captain of Moonshots". The lab started with the development of Google's self-driving car.
Alternatiba (Basque political party)
Alternatiba (English: Alternative), sometimes known as Alternatiba Eraikitzen (English: Building the Alternative) in basque,  is a socialist political party. It is active in Navarre and Basque country. Although, its bylaws also state that French Basque Country is under its political scope.  Founded in 2009, Alternatiba was born as a critical tendency within Ezker Anitza, the Izquierda Unida (IU) affiliate in the Basque Country, opposing a participation in the Basque government along with the PNV and Eusko Alkartasuna. In 2009 this tendency broke away from IU and formed an independent party.

Ezker Anitza
Ezker Anitza (EzAn–IU, Spanish: La Izquierda Plural, literally "Plural Left") is the Basque federation of United Left. The party was established in January 2012 after United Left–Greens (EB–B) was disenfranchised as IU's referent in the Basque Country. Isabel Salud is the current General Coordinator.

The Communist Party of Euskadi (EPK-PCE, Basque federation of PCE) is the major member of the coalition.
Yongwangzhuang railway station
Yongwangzhuang railway station (Chinese: 永王庄站; pinyin: Yǒng wáng zhuāng zhàn) is a station in Yongwangzhuang Village (永王庄村), Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia, China. Built in 1919, the station is 452 kilometres (281 mi) from Beijing railway station and 380 kilometres (240 mi) from Baotou railway station. It is under the jurisdiction of the Jining Railway Branch (局集宁铁路分) of the China Railway Hohhot Group and is a fourth-class station.

In 1936, it was reported that a freight train derailed at the station. According to the train driver, "the track dimensions were significantly different", causing the derailment.

Baotou railway station
Baotou railway station (simplified Chinese: 包头站; traditional Chinese: 包頭站; pinyin: Bāotóu zhàn) is a railway station of Jingbao Railway, Baolan Railway, Baobai Railway and Baoshen Railway. The station is located in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
Hong Kong Drama Award for Best Actor in Musical
Hong Kong Drama Award for Best Actor in Musical is presented by the Hong Kong Federation of Drama Societies at the Hong Kong Drama Awards ceremony, recognizing the most outstanding performance by an actor in a musical production of the year.

Hong Kong Drama Awards
The Hong Kong Drama Awards are annual awards organized by Hong Kong Federation of Drama Societies since 1992. They are given to recognize the hard work and talent of different roles involved in the stage production, and are widely regarded as the most important theatre awards in Hong Kong. The awards are presented each year at a formal awards ceremony.
NGC 1410
NGC 1410 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy in the constellation Taurus. It was discovered on January 17, 1855, by English astronomer R. J. Mitchell. NGC 1410 is located in close proximity to the larger lenticular galaxy NGC 1409, and the two are strongly interacting. Their respective nuclei have a separation of just 23 kly, and they share a diffuse stellar envelope with a radius extending out to 49 kly.

This is classified as a type II Seyfert galaxy and it appears to be undergoing star formation, unlike its neighbor NGC 1409. It shows signs of being dynamically perturbed, particularly along the western side. There is a conspicuous pipeline of dust and gas being funneled from NGC 1410 to NGC 1409. This lane has a typical width of 330 ly with an estimated mass of 3×108 M☉ and is transferring mass at the estimated rate of 1.1–1.4 M☉ yr–1.

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Salangselva
Salangselva or Salangsdalselva (Norwegian) or Njuorjoeatnu (Northern Sami) is a river in Troms county, Norway. The 53-kilometre (33 mi) long river runs through Salangen Municipality and Bardu Municipality. The river originates from the lake Isvatnet, flows through the Salangsdalen valley, the waterfall Kistefoss and the lake Øvrevatnet, and empties into the Sagfjorden at the village of Sjøvegan.

Salangen (fjord)
Salangen (Norwegian) or Siellakvuotna (Northern Sami) is a fjord in Salangen Municipality and Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 18-kilometre (11 mi) fjord flows to the northeast from the Astafjorden and then turns to the southeast until it reaches the village of Sjøvegan at the head of the fjord. The innermost part of the fjord is also named the Sagfjorden.
Nam Chang-hee
Nam Chang-hee (Korean: 남창희; born February 14, 1957) is a South Korean plasma physicist. Nam is specializing in the exploration of relativistic laser-matter interactions using femtosecond PW lasers. Currently he is professor of physics at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology and director of the Center for Relativistic Laser Science as a part of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS).

Institute for Basic Science
The Institute for Basic Science (IBS; Korean: 기초과학연구원) is a Korean government-funded research institute that conducts basic science research and relevant pure basic research. Comprising approximately 30 research centers with more than 60 research groups across the nation and a headquarters in Daejeon, IBS has approximately 1,800 researchers and doctoral course students. Around 30% of the researchers are from countries other than South Korea. The organization is under the Ministry of Science and ICT.
Milwaukee County District Attorney
The Milwaukee County District Attorney is a state constitutional officer responsible for criminal prosecution in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  The current district attorney is Kent Lovern, who has served since 2025.

Francis E. McGovern
Francis Edward McGovern (January 21, 1866 – May 16, 1946) was an American lawyer and politician from Wisconsin.  He served as the 22nd governor of Wisconsin from 1911 to 1915.  In 1911 especially he sponsored a major series of progressive achievements through the legislature.

Through most of his life, he was a member of the Republican Party; he was originally a close ally of Wisconsin U.S. senator Robert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette—the two progressive leaders held an uneasy truce for McGovern's reelection in 1912 but became bitter rivals afterward.  La Follette helped defeat McGovern in his bid for U.S. Senate in 1914, and McGovern then lost the 1916 Republican gubernatorial primary.  After those losses, he largely retired from politics.  Later in life, McGovern left the Republican Party and became a Democrat.
Phrynobatrachus dispar
Phrynobatrachus dispar is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is known as Peters' river frog and the Príncipe puddle frog. It is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe. Its natural habitat is puddles in primary forest, farm bush (heavily degraded former forest), and abandoned plantations. It was first described as Arthroleptis dispar by Wilhelm Peters in 1870. The species is found on the island of Príncipe in areas up to 947 meters above sea level.

Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs.
The common name, puddle frog, refers to the fact that many species breed in temporary waterbodies such as puddles.

Phrynobatrachus are among the most common amphibians in Africa. They are typically small (mostly less than 30 mm (1.2 in)), fast-moving frogs. They occupy a variety of habitats from dry savannas to rainforests. Most species deposit many small eggs as a surface clutch in standing or slowly moving water and have exotrophic tadpoles.
Rabia Makhloufi
Rabia Makhloufi (Arabic: ربيع مخلوف; born November 11, 1986) is an Algerian steeplechase runner. Makhloufi represented Algeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 3000 metres steeplechase. He ran in the first heat against twelve other athletes, including France's Bouabdellah Tahri and Kenya's Brimin Kipruto, who eventually won the gold medal in the final. He finished the race in eighth place by six hundredths of a second (0.06) ahead of Japan's Yoshitaka Iwamizu, with a time of 8:29.74. Makhloufi, however, failed to advance into the final, as he placed twenty-fifth overall and was ranked farther below four mandatory slots for the next round.

Yoshitaka Iwamizu
Yoshitaka Iwamizu (岩水 嘉孝, Iwamizu Yoshitaka; born 20 June 1979 in Toyohashi, Aichi) is a Japanese long-distance runner. He competes in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

He finished fifth at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing, won a silver medal at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, Korea and finished eleventh at the 2003 World Championships in Paris. He also competed at the World Championships in 2001 and 2005 as well as the 2004 Summer Olympics without reaching the finals there.

He graduated from the Juntendo University.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road (Urdu: شاہراہ محمد على جناح), frequently abbreviated as MA Jinnah Road, is a major thoroughfare in central Karachi, Pakistan. The road was originally named Bandar Road (بندر روڈ ;"Port Road"), because it linked the city to the Port of Karachi, but was later renamed in honour of Pakistan's founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. MA Jinnah Road stretches 6.1 kilometres from Jinnah Bridge in the south, near the Port of Karachi, to Gurumandir Chowk, north of Mazar-e-Quaid. It is one of the city's oldest roads, and passes through much of the colonial era historic core of Karachi, with numerous landmarks along its route.

Port of Karachi
The Port of Karachi (Urdu: کراچی بندرگاہ, Bandar gāh Karāchī) is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, located in Karachi, Pakistan. Handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum), the port is located on the Karachi Harbour, between Kiamari Azra Langri, Manora, and Kakapir, and close to Karachi's main business district and several industrial areas. The geographic position of the port places it in close proximity to major shipping routes such as the Strait of Hormuz. It is also ideally located to offer gateway services to the maritime trade for the Central Asian Republics (CARs). The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust, which was established in 1857.
World line
The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that an object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime. It is an important concept of modern physics, and particularly theoretical physics.

The concept of a "world line" is distinguished from concepts such as an "orbit" or a "trajectory" (e.g., a planet's orbit in space or the trajectory of a car on a road) by inclusion of the dimension time, and typically encompasses a large area of spacetime wherein paths which are straight perceptually are rendered as curves in spacetime to show their (relatively) more absolute position states—to reveal the nature of special relativity or gravitational interactions.

The idea of world lines was originated by physicists and was pioneered by Hermann Minkowski. The term is now used most often in the context of relativity theories (i.e., special relativity and general relativity).

Principle of relativity
In physics, the principle of relativity is the requirement that the equations describing the laws of physics have the same form in all admissible frames of reference.

For example, in the framework of special relativity, the Maxwell equations have the same form in all inertial frames of reference. In the framework of general relativity, the Maxwell equations or the Einstein field equations have the same form in arbitrary frames of reference.

Several principles of relativity have been successfully applied throughout science, whether implicitly (as in Newtonian mechanics) or explicitly (as in Albert Einstein's special relativity and general relativity).
2019 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The 2019 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 15, 2019, and concluded with the championship game on March 29, 2019.

The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the "Elite Eight" and "Final Four" respectively, and National Championship game at Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. In the title game, Lubbock Christian defeated Southwestern Oklahoma State in double overtime to win their second Division II championship.

NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
The NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament (officially styled as "Championship" instead of "Tournament") is an annual tournament to determine the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II women's college basketball national champion.

Basketball was one of 12 women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981–82 school year, as the NCAA and Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) sought for sole governance of women's collegiate athletics. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championships; however, after a year of dual women's championships at the national level, the AIAW disbanded.

The 2020 Elite Eight was due to be held at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, AL before the NCAA called off the tournament due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

The field was reduced to 48 in 2021 and returned to the normal 64 in 2022.

Grand Valley State are the defending national champions, winning their second national title in 2025.