hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oliver Payne and Nick Relph
Oliver Payne and Nick Relph are British artist-filmmakers who have collaborated since 1999. Payne was born in 1977, and Relph in 1979. Both studied at Kingston University, London. Payne failed his undergraduate Intermedia course in 2000, and Relph was "booted out" the same year. Curator and critic Matthew Higgs promoted their work and included them in group exhibitions at the Serpentine Gallery (2000) and the Institute of Contemporary Arts (2001) in London. Since then, they have had solo exhibitions in national museums including the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Oslo (2004) and the Serpentine Gallery (2005). According to Artforum, they are "the unanimously hailed first new kids of the post-YBA moment."

Matthew Higgs
Matthew Higgs (born 1964) is an English artist, curator, writer and publisher. His contribution to UK contemporary art has included the creation of Imprint 93, a series of artists’ editions  featuring the work of artists such as Martin Creed and Jeremy Deller. During the 1990s he promoted artists outside the Young British Artists mainstream of the period.
Fox Island (Waltham)
Fox Island is a minor island located in the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts. The island is public, uninhabited, and forested. It is owned by the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Fox Island's name is in conjunction with Fox Park in Waltham, which is just to the west by north of Fox Island, and also owned by the DCR. Fox Island was previously partially owned by Stephen B. Cram circa 1865. In 1891, Harvey Bartlett opened Forest Grove and Fox Island, a getaway that featured a swimming area, bathing houses, a carousel, a dance hall, a refreshment stand, and a bridge from Forest Grove to Fox Island.  Bartlett's business was hurt by the opening of nearby Norumbega Park in 1897, but Fox Island remained an attraction for courting couples and daring swimmers.

Charles River
The Charles River (Massachusett: Quinobequin), sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles, is an 80-mile-long (129 km) river in eastern Massachusetts. It flows northeast from Hopkinton to Boston along a meandering route which doubles back on itself several times and travels through 23 cities and towns before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.
Vorup
Vorup is a southwestern suburb of Randers, in Randers Municipality of Denmark, located southwest of Gudenåen and west of the district of Kristrup.

The district's football team, Vorup FB, was founded here in May 1930, and played for a short period in the second half of the 1990s in the 2nd division.

The district is known for its rivalry with Kristrup. The woodland of Henriettelund borders the southwestern part of Vorup.

Randers Municipality
Randers Municipality (Danish: Randers Kommune, pronounced [ˈʁɑnɐs kʰoˈmuːnə]) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 748.21 km2 (288.89 sq mi), and has a population of 100,356 (as of 1 January 2025). Its mayor, since 1 January 2018 is Torben Hansen, a member of the Social Democrats. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Randers.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
Blastomere
In biology, a blastomere is a type of cell produced by cell division (cleavage) of the zygote after fertilization; blastomeres are an essential part of blastula formation, and blastocyst formation in mammals.

Inner cell mass
The inner cell mass (ICM) or embryoblast (known as the pluriblast in marsupials) is a structure in the early development of a mammalian embryo. It is the mass of cells inside the blastocyst that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus. The inner cell mass forms in the earliest stages of embryonic development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus. The ICM is entirely surrounded by the single layer of trophoblast cells of the trophectoderm.
National Satellite Test Facility
The National Satellite Test Facility (NSTF) is a testing site for artificial satellites, located in Harwell, Oxfordshire, in the United Kingdom. It is the first dedicated satellite testing facility in the UK. Construction began in 2018 and was completed in 2024. The facility opened in May 2024. The facility was funded by UK government as a result of a facilities gap study led by UK Space Agency, and is operated by RAL Space, a department of the Science and Technology Facilities Council.

Its first customers were Airbus Defence and Space UK.

UK Space Agency
The UK Space Agency (UKSA) is an executive agency of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for the United Kingdom's civil space programme. It was established on 1 April 2010 to replace the British National Space Centre (BNSC) and took over responsibility for government policy and key budgets for space exploration; it represents the United Kingdom in all negotiations on space matters. The agency "[brings] together all UK civil space activities under one single management", and is based at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus near Didcot, Oxfordshire, England.

In August 2025, the UK government announced that the agency would be absorbed into the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in April 2026, although its name would be retained.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey
The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to ice hockey around the world, mirroring its impact across all sports. Around the world and to varying degrees, events and competitions were cancelled or postponed.

2020 IIHF World Championship Division IV
The 2020 IIHF World Championship Division IV was an international ice hockey tournament run by the International Ice Hockey Federation.

The tournament would have been held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan from 3 to 5 March 2020.

On 2 March 2020, the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sulfonucleotide reductase
Sulfonucleotide reductases are a class of enzymes involved in reductive sulfur assimilation. This reaction consists of a conversion from activated sulfate to sulfite. (Inorganic sulfate occurs abundantly on Earth; terrestrial organisms must use sulfate assimilation to convert it to sulfide). The sulfite is used in essential biomolecules such as cysteine. The sulfonucleotide reductases are through to have all evolved from a common ancestor.

The enzymes reduce adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate by nucleophilic attack to produce the sulfite product. This typically involves a cofactor (such as an iron-sulphur cluster), however the cofactor varies in different families.

3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate
3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate.  It is the most common coenzyme in sulfotransferase reactions and hence part of sulfation pathways. It is endogenously synthesized by organisms via the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS), an intermediary metabolite. In humans such reaction is performed by bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthases (PAPSS1 and PAPSS2) using ATP as the phosphate donor.
Levator claviculae muscle
In human anatomy, the levator claviculae is a very rare accessory and vestigial skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck.  It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle.  Though a supernumerary muscle present in only 2–3% of all people, it is not an abnormality but a variant of normal human anatomy with an atavistic character.

It has also been referred to as the omocervicalis, cleidocervicalis, and tracheloacromial muscle, with the variation in names indicating different sites of origin and insertion.

Scalene muscles
The scalene muscles are a group of three muscles on each side of the  neck, identified as the anterior, the middle, and the posterior.  They are innervated by the third to the eighth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C8).

The anterior and middle scalene muscles lift the first rib and bend the neck to the side they are on. The posterior scalene lifts the second rib and tilts the neck to the same side.

The muscles are named from the Ancient Greek σκαληνός (skalēnós), meaning 'uneven'.
UFC 134
UFC 134: Silva vs. Okami (also known as UFC Rio) was a mixed martial arts (MMA) pay-per-view event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 27, 2011 at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event was the second that the UFC has hosted in Brazil, since 1998's UFC 17.5: Ultimate Brazil. UFC 134 was awarded the 2011 event of the year by Sherdog.

UFC Brazil
UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil (also known as UFC Ultimate Brazil or UFC 17.5) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship in São Paulo, Brazil on October 16, 1998. The event was seen on pay-per-view in the United States and Brazil, and was later released on home video.
Albion Park, New South Wales
Albion Park is a suburb situated in the Macquarie Valley in the City of Shellharbour, which is in turn one of the three local government areas that comprise the Wollongong Metropolitan Area, New South Wales, Australia. Although it is surrounded by a 'green belt' of farms, Albion Park had a population of 13,316 as at the 2016 census.

The Illawarra escarpment is to the west, Dapto is to the north, Jamberoo is to the south and Shellharbour is to the east.

City of Shellharbour
The City of Shellharbour is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The city is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Sydney and covers the southern suburbs of the Wollongong urban area centred on Shellharbour. At the 2021 census, it had an estimated population of 76,271.

The area is bordered by the City of Wollongong to the north, with the boundary being the Lake Illawarra entrance (and the suburb of Lake Illawarra) and Macquarie Rivulet (Albion Park Rail).  The Municipality of Kiama is to the south of the City of Shellharbour.

The mayor of the Shellharbour City Council is Cr. Chris Homer.
Streatham Park Cemetery
South London Crematorium and Streatham Park Cemetery is a cemetery and crematorium on Rowan Road in Streatham Vale. Although it is located in Streatham and managed by the London Borough of Lambeth, it actually lies within the boundaries of the London Borough of Merton.  It has always been privately owned and managed and is now part of the Dignity plc group . The South London Crematorium is situated within the cemetery grounds and opened in 1936.

Streatham
Streatham (/ˈstrɛt.əm/ STRET-əm) is a district in south London in England that lies five miles (eight kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It falls mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, with some parts extending westward into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Streatham formed part of Surrey before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then of Greater London in 1965.

The London Plan identifies the area as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Whanganui campaign
The Whanganui campaign was a brief round of hostilities in the North Island of New Zealand as indigenous Māori fought British settlers and military forces in 1847. The campaign, which included a siege of the fledgling Whanganui settlement (then named "Petre"), was among the earliest of the 19th century New Zealand Wars that were fought over issues of land and sovereignty.

Hōri Kīngi Te Ānaua
Hōri Kīngi Te Ānaua (died 18 September 1868) was a leader of Ngāti Ruaka, a subtribe of Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi iwi (Māori tribe) of New Zealand in the early and mid 19th century. He was a leader of the tribes of the Wanganui River district in the tribal wars of the early 19th century. Rere-ō-maki, mother of military leader Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui (Major Kemp), was his sister.
Modibbo Raji
Modibbo Raji (Arabic: محمد راجي بن علي بن أبو بكر; 1790 – 1865) was a 19th-century Fulani Islamic scholar who was part of the community of Usman Dan Fodio, founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and his brother Abdullahi dan Fodio. After a long career as a teacher, Qadi, Naib (deputy Imam) and Wazir (vizier) in the Gwandu Emirate under his mentor Abdullahi dan Fodio and his successors, Modibbo Raji emigrated in the 1850s and eventually settled in Adamawa. He is generally regarded as the founder of the Islamic scholarly tradition in Adamawa as well as one of the earliest exponents of the Tijjaniyya Islamic sect in the Sokoto Caliphate. He died   c. 1865 and was buried in Yola leaving behind his writings both in Arabic and Fulfulde, and a large scholarly community of his sons, daughters, students and associates.

Sokoto (city)
Sokoto
Listenⓘ is a major city located in extreme north-western Nigeria, near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River. As of 2006, it had a population of over 427,760. Sokoto is the modern-day capital of Sokoto State and was previously the capital of the north-western states. Modern Sokoto is known for trading sheepskins, cattle hides, leather crafts (a significant export), kola nuts and goatskins.

The historic seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate, the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims.
Ghavam Shahidi
Ghavam G. Shahidi (born 1959) is an Iranian-American electrical engineer and IBM Fellow. He is the director of Silicon Technology at the IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center. He is best known for his pioneering work in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology since the late 1980s.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Pagla Chandi railway station
Pagla Chandi railway station is a railway station under the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of India. It serves Gobindapur and nearby villages and is situated besides the National Highway 34 at Gobindapur on the Lalgola to Krishnanagar line in Nadia in the Indian state of West Bengal. The station was named after Pagla Chandi, a flow less river of West Bengal. The distance between Sealdah and Pagla Chandi is 144 km. Few EMU and Lalgola passenger trains are passing through Pagla Chandi railway station.

Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line
The Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line is a 155 km (96 mi) long broad gauge railway line which connects Ranaghat Junction in the Nadia district with Lalgola in the Murshidabad district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The line runs up to the Bangladesh border near the Ganga river and is a part of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone.
Mount Ushiro
Mount Ushiro (後山, Ushiro-yama) is a mountain on the border of Shisō, Hyōgo Prefecture, and Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is the highest mountain in Okayama Prefecture and the third highest mountain in Hyōgo Prefecture, after Mount Hyōno and Mount Mimuro. In Hyōgo Prefecture this mountain is also known as Itabami-san and in Tottori Prefecture it is also known as Ushiro-no-sen.

Mount Hyōno
Mount Hyōno (氷ノ山, Hyō-no-sen) is a mountain on the border of Yabu, Hyōgo Prefecture, and Wakasa, Tottori Prefecture, in Japan. It is the highest mountain in Hyōgo Prefecture. This mountain is one of the 200 famous mountains in Japan. Other names of this mountain are Suga-no-sen, Hyō-zan, Hyō-no-yama, Kōri-no-yama.
Kenan Doğulu
Kenan Doğulu (Turkish pronunciation: [ceˈnan doˈuɫu]; born 31 May 1974) is a Turkish pop musician. He represented Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, where he was placed fourth, with 163 points. In the summer of 2006, Doğulu released the album Festival, containing the hit single "Çakkıdı", in collaboration with Sezen Aksu.

Sezen Aksu
Sezen Aksu (Turkish pronunciation: [seˈzen ˈaksu]; born Fatma Sezen Yıldırım; 13 July 1954) is a Turkish singer, songwriter and producer. She is one of the most successful Turkish singers, having sold over 40 million albums worldwide. Her nicknames include the "Queen of Turkish Pop" and "Minik Serçe" ("Little Sparrow").

Aksu's influence on Turkish pop and world music has continued since her debut in 1975, and has been reinforced by her patronage of and collaboration with many other musicians, including Yonca Evcimik, Sertab Erener, Şebnem Ferah, Aşkın Nur Yengi, Hande Yener, Yıldız Tilbe, Işın Karaca, Seden Gürel, Harun Kolçak and Levent Yüksel. Sezen Aksu is widely known as a successful songwriter. Her work with Tarkan resulted in continental hits like "Şımarık" and "Şıkıdım" and her collaboration with Goran Bregović widened her international audience. In 2010, NPR named her as one of the "50 Great Voices" of the world.
Hay knife
A hay knife is an agricultural hand tool: a long-bladed knife which may have large rounded serrations on the edge, or a smooth edge used for sawing off sections at the end of a stack or compact pile of hay or silage.  In the south of England hay knives may have smooth edges.

Hay knives are needed as loose hay or silage becomes compacted within a stack: to remove it a hay knife is used to make a vertical cut so that sections can be removed easily as the intertwined stalks are cut. The offset handle allows the user to work down a face. Once one section has been removed the worker starts again at the top creating another section to be removed.

Serration
Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections. A serrated cutting edge has many small points of contact with the material being cut. By having less contact area than a smooth blade or other edge, the applied pressure at each point of contact is greater, and the points of contact are at a sharper angle to the material being cut. This causes a cutting action that involves many small splits in the surface of the material being cut, which cumulatively serve to cut the material along the line of the blade.
Lomer–Cottrell junction
In materials science, a Lomer–Cottrell junction is a particular configuration of dislocations that forms when two perfect dislocations interact on interacting slip planes in a crystalline material.

The sessile or immobile nature of the Lomer–Cottrell dislocation forms a strong barrier to further dislocation motion. Trailing dislocations pile up behind this junction, leading to an increase in the stress required to sustain deformation. This mechanism is a key contributor to work hardening in ductile materials like aluminum and copper.

Partial dislocation
In materials science, a partial dislocation is a decomposed form of dislocation that occurs within a crystalline material. An extended dislocation is a dislocation that has dissociated into a pair of partial dislocations. The vector sum of the Burgers vectors of the partial dislocations is the Burgers vector of the extended dislocation.
Hadrurus
Hadrurus is a genus of scorpions which belongs to the family Hadruridae. They are found in sandy deserts and other xeric habitats in northwestern Mexico and in southwest United States. They are among the largest of all scorpion genera, only surpassed by Hadogenes, Pandinus, Heterometrus and Hoffmannihadrurus.

Heterometrus
Heterometrus, whose members are also known by the collective vernacular name Asian Forest Scorpion, is a genus of scorpions belonging to the family Scorpionidae. It is distributed widely across tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia, including Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, India (Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands), and China (Hainan). It is notable for containing some of the largest living species of scorpions.
Key Largo cotton mouse
The Key Largo cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola) is a subspecies of cotton mouse, a rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a subspecies of the genus Peromyscus, a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice". The subspecies is  endemic to Key Largo in the upper Florida Keys. It is a slightly larger mouse with a more reddish color than other mouse species from mainland Florida. The Key Largo cotton mouse can breed throughout the year and has an average life expectancy of five months.

The Key Largo cotton mouse is on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species, due to urbanization of Key Largo.  The subspecies previously lived in a variety of tropical hardwood habitats, but urbanization has decimated these areas, reducing the availability of food, shelter, and habitat for the Key Largo cotton mouse. Surveys show that the Key Largo cotton mouse has lost up to 50% of its habitat due to this urbanization.

Albert Schwartz (zoologist)
Albert Schwartz (September 13, 1923 – October 18, 1992) was an American zoologist who worked extensively with the herpetofauna of Florida and the West Indies, and later with butterflies. One magazine article once dubbed him as one of the "Kings of West Indian Anole Taxonomy".
Brunellia ovalifolia
Brunellia ovalifolia is a species of plant in the Brunelliaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Brunellia
Brunellia is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Brunelliaceae, and contains 60 species as of December 2025. Plants in this genus grow as trees and are distributed in the mountainous regions of southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America.
Anchor (Trespassers William album)
Anchor is the first album by Trespassers William, released in 1999 on Sonikwire Records. The album is long out of print, but has found new life on iTunes, due to their exposure on The O.C. and One Tree Hill. While no songs from Anchor are on either show, fans of their sound have sought out previous releases.

While there is growing interest for the album to be re-printed, the band has yet to do so. The band's guitarist, Matt Brown, said on KEXP that "...we've been hesitant to re-press it because we made it about ten years ago..."

Compared to the band's later albums, Different Stars and Having, it can be seen as being more pop than the sound they later had. Tracks such as "Cabinet" have funk-style bass-lines.

Different Stars
Different Stars is the second album by the American rock band Trespassers William. It was originally self-released in the United States on September 28, 2002, on the band's Sonik Wire label, released in the UK on Bella Union in 2003, and finally re-released in the United States with minor track changes on Nettwerk Records on October 19, 2004.

The album's second single, "Lie in the Sound", was used in three episodes of the television series One Tree Hill. It was featured on the One Tree Hill – Music from the WB Television Series, Vol. 1 soundtrack. The title track was used in the first season of The O.C. and "Fragment" was in the show Brothers & Sisters.