hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Venetian: Repùblega Vèneta; Italian: Repubblica di Venezia) was a sovereign state and maritime republic in Northeast Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and 1797.

It was based in the lagoon communities of the historically prosperous city of Venice, and was a leading European economic and trading power during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the most successful of Italy's maritime republics. By the late Middle Ages, it held significant territories in the mainland of northern Italy, known as the Domini di Terraferma, along with most of the Dalmatian coast on the other side of the Adriatic Sea, and Crete and numerous small colonies around the Mediterranean Sea, together known as the Stato da Màr.

A slow political and economic decline had begun by around 1500, and by the 18th century the city of Venice largely depended on the tourist trade, as it still does, and the Stato da Màr was largely lost.

Aegina
Aegina (Greek: Αίγινα pronounced [ˈeʝina]; Ancient Greek: Αἴγῑνα) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 27 km (17 mi) from Athens. Tradition derives the name from Aegina, the mother of the mythological hero Aeacus, who was born on the island and became its king. In classical antiquity Aegina was a powerful city-state and at one point a rival of Athens. In modern times Aegina is known for the temple of Aphaia, pistacho production, and the pilgrimage site of St. Nektarios. Many Athenians have established vacation homes in Aegina.
All Together (Serbia)
All Together (Serbian: Sve Zajedno / Све Заједно) was a political coalition that participated in 2012 Serbian parliamentary election. The coalition is composed by five political parties:

Bosniak Democratic Union

Hungarian Civic Alliance

Democratic Union of Croats

Hungarian Hope Movement

Hungarian Unity Party (Magyar Egység Párt - MEP)

Democratic Union of Croats
The Democratic Union of Croats (Croatian: Demokratska zajednica Hrvata, Serbian: Демократска заједница Хрвата, DZH) is a political party in Serbia representing the Croat ethnic minority in the province of Vojvodina.

It was founded on 25 July 2007, and the party seat is in Subotica, Age Mamužića 5 Street. Chronologically, DZH was fourth party of Croats from Serbia and third that emerged from dissatisfied fractions of the Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina. Party President is Đorđe Čović (since 9 November 2007).
Denis Serikov
Denis Gennadievich Serikov is a Russian media manager responsible for co-creating several popular radio stations in Russia, including the Russian version of the international radio brand NRJ. He was the General Producer of the major media conglomerate Gazprom Media Radio and the head of the former's popular Moscow-based radio station called Like FM.

In September 2024, Serikov left both Like FM and Gazprom Media Radio for the Russian Media Group to be the latter company's Deputy General Director for Content Policy and Promotion.

Alice AI
Alice AI (formerly Alice and Alice Neural Network) is a Russian generative artificial intelligence chatbot and intelligent personal assistant for Android, iOS and Windows operating systems and Yandex's own devices developed by Yandex. Alice was officially introduced on 10 October 2017. Aside from common tasks, such as internet search or weather forecasts, it can also create texts in various styles, come up with ideas and concepts, generate images, work with files, run applications and chit-chat. Alice is also the virtual assistant used for the Yandex Station smart speaker.
Joševa (Valjevo)
Joševa is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 272 people.

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Joseva - panorama

Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.
Club Plaza Colonia de Deportes
Club Plaza Colonia de Deportes, or simply Plaza Colonia, is a Uruguayan professional football club from Colonia del Sacramento, that competes in the Uruguayan Primera Division. Founded in 1917, the club plays its home games at the 3,000 seater Estadio Juan Gaspar Prandi.

Uruguayan Segunda División
The Segunda División Profesional is the second division of professional football in Uruguay, established in 1942. The league is sometimes referred to as Primera B. In 1942, the Segunda División was established to replace the amateur Divisional Intermedia, establishing a professional league for lower divisions in Uruguay.

The most successful clubs are Fénix and Sud América with seven titles. The current champion is Albion.
Bowling at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's singles
The women's singles competition of the bowling events at the 2015 Pan American Games was held on July 24 and 25  at Planet Bowl (Pan Am Bowling Centre), due to naming rights the venue was known as the latter for the duration of the games.

Bowling at the 2015 Pan American Games
Bowling competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto were held from July 22 to 25 at the Planet Bowl (Pan Am Bowling Centre), due to naming rights the venue was known as the latter for the duration of the games. A total of four events were contested (two each for men and women).

During the men's doubles event Canadian bowler François Lavoie scored a perfect game in the fifth round, the first in Pan American Games history.
79th Street Boat Basin
The 79th Street Boat Basin is a marina located in the Hudson River on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, within Riverside Park at the western end of 79th Street. Maintained and operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is the only facility in the city that allows year-round residency in boats, so it is a hub for houseboats in New York City. The marina closed for rebuilding in 2021 and was still closed as of July 2024.

The Power Broker
The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York is a 1974 biography of Robert Moses by Robert Caro. The book focuses on the creation and use of power in New York local and state politics, as witnessed through Moses's use of unelected positions to design and implement dozens of highways and bridges, sometimes at great cost to the communities he nominally served. The book was critically acclaimed, and has been repeatedly named one of the best biographies of the 20th century, and has been highly influential on city planners and politicians throughout the United States. The book won a Pulitzer Prize in 1975.
Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral
The Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Црногорско-приморска митрополија Српске православне цркве, romanized: Crnogorsko-primorska mitropolija Srpske pravoslavne crkve) is the largest eparchy (diocese) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in modern Montenegro. Founded in 1219 by Saint Sava as the Eparchy of Zeta, it has continued to exist, without interruption, up to the present time, and has remained one of the most prominent dioceses of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The current Metropolitan bishop is Joanikije II. His official title is "Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral" (Serbian: Црногорско-приморски митрополит, romanized: Crnogorsko-primorski mitropolit).

Petar I Petrović-Njegoš
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian: Петар I Петровић Његош; 1748 – 31 October 1830) was the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro from 1784 to 1830 and Exarch (legate) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro. He was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the Petrović dynasty. During his long rule, Petar strengthened the state by uniting the often quarreling tribes, consolidating his control over Montenegrin lands, introducing the first laws in Montenegro in 1798. His rule prepared Montenegro for the subsequent introduction of modern institutions of the state: taxes, schools and larger commercial enterprises. He was canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church as Saint Peter of Cetinje (Serbian: Sveti Petar Cetinjski / Свети Петар Цетињски).
Masham Bridge
Masham Bridge is a historic structure in Masham, a town in North Yorkshire, in England.

In 1538, John Leland recorded a timber bridge over the River Ure in Masham.  It was destroyed by a flood on 2 February 1732, and a new bridge built of stone was commissioned by Robert Carr.  It was designed by his son, John Carr, and was completed in 1754.  Brian Wragg describes it as "one of the finest bridges in Yorkshire".  On 2 February 1822, it was badly damaged by a flood, but was repaired.  It was grade II listed in 1966.

The bridge is built of stone and consists of four segmental arches with voussoirs. It has triangular cutwaters rising to canted refuges, a band and parapets.

Masham
Masham (/ˈmæsəm/ MASS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 1,205 at the 2011 census.

The town is located 34 miles (55 km) northwest of York and was in the former Harrogate district. It is situated in the lower Wensleydale, on the western bank of the River Ure, just north of its confluence with the River Burn.
Eoropie
Eoropie (Scottish Gaelic: Eòrapaidh) is the most northerly village on the Isle of Lewis in the parish of Ness, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Eoropie is within the parish of Barvas. The Teampull Mholuaidh is found here. Eoropie is situated at the end of the B8013 and B8014 roads, from Lionel and Port of Ness, respectively.

It is just south of the Butt of Lewis and contains the Eoropie Dunes Park.

Barvas
Barvas (Scottish Gaelic: Barabhas or Barbhas, pronounced [baravəs]) is a settlement, community and civil parish on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. It developed around a road junction. The A857 and A858 meet at the southern end of Barvas. North is the road to Ness; west takes the traveller to Carloway and the West Side; south runs the road to Stornoway. According to the 2011 Census it still had the highest concentration of Scottish Gaelic speakers in Scotland (64% of the population) with 2,037. This fell to 55% in 2022.
SeeFood
SeeFood (also known as Sea Level in the United States) is a 2011 Malaysian-Qatari animated adventure comedy film produced by Silver Ant and released in Malaysian cinemas on 8 March 2012. The story follows the horde of fishes from the sea to get their rescue.

SeeFood first launched in Poland on 7 October 2011. It received financial support from Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and from the Multimedia Development Corporation.

The film is also available in original and dubbed-in-Malay versions.

Southern stingray
The southern stingray (Hypanus americanus) is a whiptail stingray found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean from New Jersey to southern Brazil. It has a flat, diamond-shaped disc, with a mud brown, olive, and grey dorsal surface and white underbelly (ventral surface). The barb on its tail is serrated and covered in a venomous mucus, used for self-defense.
Renren Ritualo
Florendo "Renren" De Ramos Ritualo Jr. (born June 14, 1979) is a Filipino former professional basketball player and current assistant coach. He last played for the Shopinas.com Clickers of the Philippine Basketball Association and is currently an assistant coach for the De La Salle Green Archers in the UAAP. Nicknamed The Rainman, Ritualo was also a one-time member of the Philippine National Team.

He served as the panelist on UAAP coverage in ABS-CBN Sports occasionally and was also a game analyst for Radyo 92.3 News FM.

PBA Rookie of the Year award
The Philippine Basketball Association's Rookie of the Year award is an annual Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) award given to the top rookie(s) of the regular season. The award was first given in 1976.

The award is decided using criteria introduced for the 2011–12 season, which include accumulated statistical points, votes from media, players and the league's Commissioner's Office.

The most recent Rookie of the Year winner is RJ Abarrientos. Twelve winners were drafted first overall (the league started its draft in the 1985 season). Six winners have also won the PBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in their careers; with Benjie Paras earning the honors the same season. Three winners have been elected to the PBA Hall of Fame.
Setiawangsa LRT station
Setiawangsa LRT station is an elevated rapid transit station in Ampang, Malaysia, served by the LRT Kelana Jaya Line (formerly known as PUTRA Line). The station was opened on June 1, 1999, as part of the line's second segment encompassing 12 stations between Masjid Jamek and Gombak (then known as Terminal PUTRA) (not including Sri Rampai) and an underground line.

The station is planned as a future interchange with the upcoming MRT Circle Line of the KVMRT project.

Sri Rampai LRT station
Sri Rampai LRT station is a rapid transit station in northern Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, forming part of the Kelana Jaya line (formerly known as PUTRA). The station, named after the nearby Taman Sri Rampai housing estate to the west, is located along the border between Taman Sri Rampai and Wangsa Maju to the east.
Eoin Bradley
Eoin Bradley (commonly known by his nickname Skinner; born 31 December 1983) is a Gaelic footballer and association footballer. He plays the former for the Glenullin club and, previously, for the Derry county team. With Glenullin he won a Derry Senior Football Championship and with Derry he won a National League title.
Bradley usually plays corner forward for both club and county – often paired in a two-man inside forward line with brother Patsy, but has also played in the half-forward line. He is known for his pace, point and goal scoring abilities, and runs through opposing teams' defence. His "reckless adventure" and liability to do the unexpected is also part of his effectiveness. Although a great talent, in the past he has been criticised for some of his shot selections from acute angles. However, since 2011 his decision-making in front of goal has improved, which has put down to  manager John Brennan.

John Brennan (Derry Gaelic footballer)
John Brennan (born 22 August 1942) is a Gaelic football manager. Labelled as the 'Godfather' of Derry football, Brennan played for his local club Erin's Own Lavey and at senior level for the Derry county team.

In September 2010, Brennan was appointed as the new Derry manager following Damien Cassidy's departure. In the summer of 2012, Brennan stepped down as manager, being succeeded by Brian McIver.
Stab vest
A stab vest or stab proof vest is a reinforced piece of body armor, worn under or over other items of clothing, which is designed to resist knife attacks to the chest, back and sides.

Stab vests can be made from a variety of materials but are usually made using high-strength synthetic fibers. This is similar to ballistic vests, but stab vests are constructed with a tighter weave.

Kevlar
Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires. It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components.

Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact, and for mooring lines and other underwater applications.

A similar fiber, Twaron, with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s. Commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is manufactured by Teijin Aramid.
2009 Formula Le Mans Cup
The 2009 Formula Le Mans Cup season was the only season of the Formula Le Mans Cup, a support series for the Le Mans Series and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.  All competitors utilized the Oreca FLM09 spec prototype.  The season featured ten races held over six events from 10 May to 20 September 2009. Nico Verdonck claimed the title ahead of Gavin Cronje, despite the drivers sharing a car all season. Verdonck benefitted from points awarded for pole positions and fastest laps, giving him a four-point advantage of Cronje. Their team, DAMS, also won the teams championship.

European Le Mans Series
The European Le Mans Series (abbreviated as ELMS) is a European sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).  The European Le Mans Series is similar to the former American Le Mans Series (ALMS) based in the United States and Canada that was running with ACO and IMSA between 1999 and 2013.  ELMS team champions and runners-up receive an automatic entry to the following year's 24 Hours of Le Mans.  Originally titled the Le Mans Endurance Series before becoming simply the Le Mans Series in 2006, the series was renamed once more in 2012, reusing a name previously utilized by IMSA in 2001.
Psychometric software
Psychometric software refers to specialized programs used for the psychometric analysis of data obtained from tests, questionnaires, polls or inventories that measure latent psychoeducational variables. Although some psychometric analyses can be performed using general statistical software such as SPSS, most require specialized tools designed specifically for psychometric purposes.

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Office suites of software and has been developed since 1985.
Uplands, Norway
The Uplands (Old Norse:  Upplǫnd, Norwegian: Opplanda), is an ancient name for the agricultural lands and forest regions to the north of Oslo in Norway. The term generally included the districts Romerike, Ringerike, Hedmarken, Toten, Hadeland and Land. To the north, these lands branched out through valleys to the districts Gudbrandsdalen, and Østerdalen, which often were counted as part of the Uplands as well. It has also been implied that the districts Hallingdal, Numedal, Valdres, and Telemark  were also included.

Innlandet was one of several names proposed for a future administrative region consisting of Hedmark and Oppland.  The two counties were re-merged in January 2020 after having been split in 1781 (then called Hedemarkens amt and Kristians amt, respectively).

Land, Norway
Land is a traditional district in Innlandet county, Norway. The area consists of Nordre Land Municipality and Søndre Land Municipality. Land is centered on the northern part of Randsfjorden, to the southeast of the district of Valdres.
Trumpington Community College
Trumpington Community College is a co-educational secondary school located in the Trumpington area of Cambridge in the English county of Cambridgeshire. The school is named after the village of Trumpington which is located nearby.

The school was constructed to serve the southern fringe expansion of Cambridge, and opened in September 2015. The school building was designed by Avanti Architects, and was awarded a commendation at the 2017 Civic Trust Awards.

In September 2019, Trumpington Community College became an academy sponsored by United Learning. It forms part of the United Learning Cambridge Cluster along with Cambridge Academy for Science and Technology, Coleridge Community College and Parkside Community College. Trumpington Community College offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Trumpington
Trumpington is a village in Cambridgeshire, England, mostly located in Cambridge, with a small southern area of the village extending into the South Cambridgeshire district. As of the 2021 UK census, the village had a population of 12,393 people.

The village was a separate parish from the Anglo-Saxon era until the 20th century. In 1912 all of the land north of Long Road was transferred to Cambridge, and on 1 April 1934 most of the remaining land, including all of the village, was also given over to Cambridge. Only 382 acres (155 ha), almost uninhabited, were transferred to Haslingfield parish. In 1931 the parish had a population of 1183.

The Cambridge Local Plan 2006 took land around the village out of the green belt and paved the way for an urban extension due for completion in 2023. A map of the enlarge village is available in The Trumpet, a community magazine produced by the parish church.
Timeline of the Cold War
This is a timeline of the main events of the Cold War, a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies, South Vietnam, South Korea, and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union, its allies in the Warsaw Pact, China, Cuba, Laos, North Vietnam and North Korea).

Aksai Chin
Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in He'an County and Hekang County of Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, and partly in Rutog County of Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959. China administers the region and claims it as part of the Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous regions. India meanwhile claims it as part of Leh district in the union territory of Ladakh.
2026 United States Senate election in Idaho
The 2026 United States Senate election in Idaho will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Idaho. Primary elections will be held on May 19, 2026. Three-term incumbent Republican Jim Risch was re-elected in 2020 with 62.6% of the vote. Idaho has been represented in the U.S. Senate exclusively by Republicans since 1981, and Democrats have not won a U.S. Senate race there since 1974.

1974 United States Senate election in Idaho
The 1974 United States Senate election in Idaho took place on Tuesday, November 5. Democratic incumbent Frank Church was re-elected to a fourth term in office, defeating Republican Bob Smith.

Church announced his presidential campaign in March 1976, off the strength of his victory as well as his high-profile chairmanship of the select Church Commission investigating American intelligence activity.

As of 2024, this was the last time the Democrats won a U.S. Senate election in Idaho.
Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. A central point of controversy in economics, government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression.

William Vickrey
William Spencer Vickrey (21 June 1914 – 11 October 1996) was a Canadian-American professor of economics. He was a lifelong faculty member at Columbia University. A theorist who worked on public economics and mechanism design, Vickrey primarily discussed public policy problems. He originated the Vickrey auction, introduced the concept of congestion pricing in networks, formalized arguments for marginal cost pricing, and contributed to optimal income taxation. James Tobin described him as "an applied economist's theorist, as well as a theorist's applied economist."

Vickrey was awarded the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with James Mirrlees for their research into the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information. Vickrey never personally received the Prize; it was announced just three days prior to his death.