hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cation-anion radius ratio
In condensed matter physics and inorganic chemistry, the cation-anion radius ratio can be used to predict the crystal structure of an ionic compound based on the relative size of its atoms. It is defined as the ratio of the ionic radius of the positively charged cation to the ionic radius of the negatively charged anion in a cation-anion compound. Anions are larger than cations. Large sized anions occupy lattice sites, while small sized cations are found in voids. 
In a given structure, the ratio of cation radius to anion radius is called the radius ratio. This is simply given by .

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Borki Drużbińskie
Borki Drużbińskie [ˈbɔrki druʐˈbiɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pęczniew, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Pęczniew, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pęczniew
Pęczniew [ˈpɛnt͡ʂɲɛf] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pęczniew. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 51 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital, Łódź.
Guenther Steiner
Guenther Steiner (born 7 April 1965, German: Günther) is an Italian and American motorsport engineer and former team manager. Steiner was the Team Principal of Haas Formula One Team from 2016 to 2023, the managing director of Jaguar Racing from 2001 to 2003, and technical operations director of its subsequent incarnation, Red Bull Racing. He is currently a commentator and analyst for Formula One broadcasts.

Mooresville, North Carolina
Mooresville is a town located in the southwestern section of Iredell County, North Carolina, United States, and is a part of the fast-growing Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 50,193 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous municipality in Iredell County. It is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Charlotte.

Mooresville is best known as the home of many NASCAR racing teams and drivers, along with an IndyCar team and its drivers, as well as racing technology suppliers, which has earned the town the nickname "Race City USA". Also located in Mooresville is the corporate headquarters of Lowe's Corporation and Universal Technical Institute's NASCAR Technical Institute.
Todd the Dinosaur
Todd the Dinosaur written and drawn by Patrick Roberts, is an American gag-a-day comic strip about a 7-year-old Tyrannosaurus attending elementary school. Being only second graders, his classmates accept Todd as they would anyone else. The strip first appeared in 2001 in The Oklahoman and is published by King Features Syndicate. It has also appeared in Record-Journal, Herald News and San Francisco Chronicle. It participated in the second Earth Day comic event of King Features. During one day, 37 of their creators used their comics to advance an environmental theme.

Gag-a-day
A gag-a-day comic strip is the style of writing comic cartoons such that every installment of a strip delivers a complete joke or some other kind of artistic statement. It is opposed to story or continuity strips, which rely on the development of a story line across a sequence of the installments. Most syndicated comics are of this type. Another term for this distinction is non-serial (gag-a-day) vs. serial strips.

Compared to single-panel cartoons ("gag panels"), gag-a-day comic strips can deliver a better timing for the narrative of a joke.

The distinction between continuity and gag-a-day strip may be blurred: a continuous story may still be delivered in the gag-a-day format. In fact, Lynn Johnston recommends it for story strips, to keep the readership and engage new audience which may be not very familiar with the background of the story.
Tsubai Ōtsukayama Kofun
Tsubai Ōtsukayama Kofun (椿井大塚山古墳)  is a Kofun period keyhole-shaped burial mound, located in the Yamashiro neighborhood of the city of Kizugawa, Kyoto in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2008. It is noted for the bronze mirrors which were found within. These artifacts are collectively designated a National Important Cultural Property.

Yamashiro, Kyoto
Yamashiro (山城町, Yamashiro-chō) is a district of the city of Kizugawa, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It was named for the old Yamashiro Province. It was a town in its own right in Sōraku District until 2007. Yamashiro and the towns of Kamo and Kizu (all from Sōraku District) merged to create the city of Kizugawa on 12 March 2007.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,978 and a density of 366.00 persons per km2. The total area was 24.53 km2.
East Indian Railway Company
The East Indian Railway Company, operating as the East Indian Railway (reporting mark EIR), introduced railways to East India and North India, while the Companies such as the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, South Indian Railway, Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway and the North-Western Railway operated in other parts of India. The company was established on 1 June 1845 in London by a deed of settlement with a capital of £4,000,000, 
largely raised in London.

North Western State Railway
The North Western State Railway (NWSR) was formed in January 1886 from the merger of the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, the Indus Valley State Railway, the Punjab Northern State Railway, the eastern section of the Sind–Sagar Railway and the southern section of the Sind–Pishin State Railway and the Kandahar State Railway.
2486 Metsähovi
2486 Metsähovi, provisional designation 1939 FY, is a stony asteroid and synchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
Gmina Siemień
Gmina Siemień is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Siemień, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Parczew and 45 km (28 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 110.93 square kilometres (42.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,825 (4,712 in 2014).

Parczew County
Parczew County (Polish: powiat parczewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Parczew, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The county covers an area of 952.62 square kilometres (367.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 34,809, including 10,602 in Parczew and a rural population of 24,207.
The Greens–Green Group
The Greens–Green Group (Spanish: Los Verdes–Grupo Verde; LV–GV), founded in 1994 as Green Group (Spanish: Grupo Verde; GV), is a green political party in Spain. It is a founding member of the Roundtable for the Unity of the Greens in Spain. It was created as an electoral list in the 1994 European Parliamentary Elections. Since its creation, its spokesperson has been Esteban Cabal. It is not part of the European Green Party, and should not be confused with the EGP's previous representative in Spain, the Confederation of the Greens.

Confederation of the Greens
The Confederation of the Greens (Spanish: Confederación de los Verdes), frequently referred to as simply The Greens (Spanish: Los Verdes, LV), is a green political party in Spain. Since 2011, 13 out of 16 of their member parties belong to Equo; for this reason, on 13 May 2012, the European Green Party decided to withdraw the Confederation of the Greens membership.
Kilsyth Rangers F.C.
Kilsyth Rangers Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Kilsyth, North Lanarkshire. Nicknamed The Wee Gers, they were formed in 1913 and play at Duncansfield Park, which used to be one of the bigger non-league football grounds in Scotland. They currently wear blue tops and white shorts, the away strip being red tops, black shorts and black socks, and currently compete in the West of Scotland League Second Division.

SJFA West Region Central District First Division
The Central District League First Division was the third-tier division of the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association. The two highest-placed teams at the end of the season were promoted to the Super League, First Division. The three lowest-placed teams were relegated to Central District Second Division.

It sat below region-wide division and alongside an 'Ayrshire' geographical equivalent (with one division), representing the Ayrshire League and Central League which merged to form the West Region.

In 2018, the lower leagues in the West Region were reorganised, no longer being split geographically, with the result that the Central First and Second Divisions and the Ayrshire Division merged and were separated into two tiers (League One and League Two).
Wayne A. Downing
Wayne Allan Downing (10 May 1940 – 18 July 2007) was a four-star United States Army general born in Peoria, Illinois. He graduated from the United States Military Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1962 and held a Master of Business Administration degree from Tulane University. He also served on the board of directors at a US Government focused high-tech company, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).

75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger)
The 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) (officially 75th Infantry Regiment or 75th Infantry) was initially a parent regiment for all the US Army Ranger units during the Vietnam War and the early 1980s and then the headquarters for the Ranger battalions.
Qʼeqchiʼ
Qʼeqchiʼ (/qʼeqt͡ʃiʔ/) (Kʼekchiʼ in the former orthography, or simply Kekchi in many English-language contexts, such as in Belize) are a Maya people of Guatemala, Belize and Mexico. Their Indigenous language is the Qʼeqchiʼ language.

Before the beginning of the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in the 1520s, Qʼeqchiʼ settlements were concentrated in what are now the departments of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz. Over the course of the succeeding centuries a series of land displacements, resettlements, persecutions and migrations resulted in a wider dispersal of Qʼeqchiʼ communities into other regions of Guatemala (Izabal, Petén, El Quiché), southern Belize (Toledo District), and smaller numbers in southern Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche). While most notably present in northern Alta Verapaz and southern Petén, contemporary Qʼeqchiʼ language-speakers are the most widely spread geographically of all Maya peoples  in Guatemala.

Alta Verapaz
15°30′N 90°20′W﻿ / ﻿15.500°N 90.333°W﻿ / 15.500; -90.333

Alta Verapaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalta βeɾaˈpas]) is a department in the north central part of Guatemala. The capital and chief city of the department is Cobán. Verapaz is bordered to the north by El Petén, to the east by Izabal, to the south by Zacapa, El Progreso, and Baja Verapaz, and to the west by El Quiché.

Also in Alta Verapaz are the towns of  Chisec, San Pedro Carchá and San Cristóbal Verapaz.
Sonic the Hedgehog (film series)
Sonic the Hedgehog, also known as the Sonic Cinematic Universe (SCU), is an action-adventure comedy film series developed by Paramount Pictures and Sega Sammy Group. It is part of Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise and consists of three films —Sonic the Hedgehog (2020), Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (2022), and Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (2024)— and the spin-off TV series Knuckles (2024). Jeff Fowler directed all three films and the pilot of Knuckles. The series has grossed over $1 billion worldwide and received a generally positive critical reception.

ComicBook.com
ComicBook.com is an entertainment website that offers news in the fields of comic books, television, films, video games, and anime. The site came online in 1996 serving as a holding page for sales links and press releases related to comic books under various domain names, before becoming ComicBook.com in 2004. In 2007, Joe Blackmon founded the website as a comic book news site. The site was relaunched in 2014 following Shannon Terry becoming CEO. ComicBook.com was acquired by CBS Interactive (which later became part of Paramount Global) in 2018 before Paramount Global sold it to Savage Ventures in 2024, and Ben Kendrick was hired as the editorial director.
Rennellese Sign Language
Rennellese Sign Language is an extinct form of home sign documented from Rennell Island in the Solomon Islands in 1974. It was developed about 1915 by a deaf person named Kagobai and used by his hearing family and friends, but apparently died with him; he was the only deaf person on the island, and there never was an established, self-replicating community of signers. Accordingly, in January 2017 its ISO 639-3 code [rsi] was retired. Kuschel, the only source of information about this communication system, cites no evidence to suggest that there was any contact with any sign language.

Home sign
Home sign (or kitchen sign) is a gestural communication system, often invented spontaneously by a deaf child who lacks accessible linguistic input. Home sign systems often arise in families where a deaf child is raised by hearing parents and is isolated from the Deaf community. Because the deaf child does not receive signed or spoken language input, these children are considered linguistically isolated.

Because home sign systems are used regularly as the child's form of communication, they develop to become more complex than simple gestures. Though not considered to be a complete language, these systems may be classified as linguistic phenomena that show similar characteristics to signed and spoken language. Home sign systems display significant degrees of internal complexity, using gestures with consistent meanings, word order, and grammatical categories. Linguists have been interested in home sign systems as insight into the human ability to generate, acquire, and process language.
Weza, South Africa
Weza is a settlement in Ugu District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

Village some 20 km west of Harding and 50 km east of Kokstad. It takes its name from the Weza River, a northern tributary of the Mtamvuna River. Of Zulu origin, the name is said to mean 'to cause to cross over'.

The main business activity in Weza is the Hans Marensky saw mill that has been operational for more than 30years in the area. The Weza State forest close to town offers hiking trails and mountain biking trails. The forest is also home to the endangered Cape Parrot and other bird life.

Ugu District Municipality
The Ugu District Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wesiFunda sase Ugu) is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Ugu is isiZulu for "coast". It governs the KZN South Coast and its seat is Port Shepstone. The majority of its 722,484 inhabitants spoke isiZulu as of 2011. The district code is DC21.

The largest towns in the municipality are Port Shepstone, Margate, Umzinto, Scottburgh and Harding.
Jadvyga Tūbelienė
Jadvyga Tūbelienė (née Chodakauskaitė) (January 11, 1891 – October 4, 1988) was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Women's Council, a writer, journalist, head of the Information Bureau in Bern and Paris, and Deputy Chief of Mission to Switzerland. She was also married to Juozas Tūbelis, the longest-standing Prime Minister of Lithuania. She was involved in many charity organizations and is considered one of the most influential women in interwar Lithuania. Jadvyga was a member of the Chodakowski noble family.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Lithuania)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministerija) is a governmental body of the Republic of Lithuania that shapes the national policy, and organises, coordinates, and controls its enforcement in the following areas: foreign affairs and security policy: international relations, economic security, foreign trade, protection of the rights and interests of the Republic of Lithuania and its persons and entities abroad; coordination of European Union membership; representing the Republic of Lithuania abroad diplomatic and consular relations, diplomatic service, Lithuanian national and diplomatic protocol, international relations; the policy of cooperation of the Republic of Lithuania; strengthening of expat connections with Lithuania.
Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research
The Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research is a research institute at Utrecht University. The Bijvoet Centre performs research on the relation between the structure and function of biomolecules, including proteins and lipids, which play a role in biological processes such as regulation, interaction and recognition. The Bijvoet Centre houses advanced infrastructures for the analysis of proteins and other biomolecules using NMR, X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. The institute is named after famous Dutch chemist Johannes Martin Bijvoet, who worked at Utrecht University.

Dutch Research Council
The Dutch Research Council (NWO, Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is the national research council of the Netherlands. NWO funds thousands of top researchers at universities and institutes and steers the course of Dutch science by means of subsidies and research programmes. NWO promotes quality and innovation in science. NWO is an independent administrative body under the auspices of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

NWO directs its approximate budget of 1 billion euros towards Dutch universities and institutes, often on a project basis. Also, NWO has its own research institutes and facilitates international cooperation. The president of NWO since April 2021 is Marcel Levi. Former NWO presidents include Stan Gielen, Peter Nijkamp and Jos Engelen.

NWO is also known for the annual Spinoza and Stevin Prizes.
Jessica Cash
Jessica Cash (1939 – 4 August 2023) was a British soprano and voice coach. Trained at the Royal College of Music, Cash was a regular performer during the 1960s and 1970s at the Glyndebourne Festival, where her interpretation in 1968 of the Queen of the Night in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, conducted by Myer Fredman, was particularly noted. She remained part of the production until 1971, when it toured Opera Scotland in spring. She also performed with Kent Opera, and with the Welsh National Opera. In 1975 she took part in a performance of Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea at the Proms conducted by Roger Norrington, as Pallade, Damigella and Virtù, alongside Sarah Walker in the title role.

Among her students were Elizabeth Anker, Lesley Garrett, Maria Jonas, Dame Emma Kirkby and Evelyn Tubb.

Cash died on 4 August 2023, aged 84, at her home in Derbyshire.

Sarah Walker (mezzo-soprano)
Sarah Elizabeth Royle Walker CBE (born 11 March 1943) is an English mezzo-soprano.

Walker was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. She studied at the Royal College of Music from 1961 to 1965, initially as a violinist and cellist, and went on to study singing with Vera Rózsa. She has appeared in numerous opera performances and is also known as a concert soloist and recitalist.
Cristian Gațu
Cristian Gațu (born 20 August 1945) is a retired Romanian handball player. He earned 212 caps with the national team, winning the world title in 1970 and 1974 and medalling at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics. After retiring from competitions he became a coach and sports official, appointed as Secretary of State for Youth and Sports in 1991–1993 and President of the Romanian Handball Federation in 1997–2014.

EHF Champions League
The EHF Champions League is the most important club handball competition for men's teams in Europe and involves the leading teams from the top European nations. The competition is organised every year by EHF. The official name for the men's competition is the EHF Champions League Men.

The EHF coefficient rank decides which teams have access and in which stage they enter.
Teviotville Tree
Teviotville Tree is a large Moreton Bay fig tree in Teviotville, Scenic Rim Region, Queensland, Australia that featured in the  movie L'Arbre (in French) or The Tree in English. The tree is a large, 130-year-old fig tree which was considered by the French producers to be a perfect tree for the movie, after an exhaustive search for just the right one (per the DVD bonus material).

The joint Australian-French movie is an adaptation of Judy Pascoe's novel Our Father Who Art in the Tree, starring French actress Charlotte Gainsbourg. The three-month movie shoot was completed in February 2010 and the movie was released in Australia on Sept 30, 2010.

As of March 2012, a view of this location on Google Earth still shows many vehicles and temporary buildings associated with the film production.

Scenic Rim Region
The Scenic Rim Region is a local government area (LGA) in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond. The main town of the region is Beaudesert.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$33 million.

In the 2021 census, the Scenic Rim Region had a population of 42,984 people.
Hanoi Towers
The Hanoi Towers or Hanoi Tower Center (Vietnamese: Tháp Hà Nội, Tháp Trung tâm Hà Nội) is a complex building in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. The building is located on the land which was mostly part of Hỏa Lò Prison and surrounded by three streets: Hai Bà Trưng, Quán Sứ, and Thợ Nhuộm. It consists of a 14-story office building called the Hanoi Tower or The Office [of Hanoi Towers], with a dual-block 27-story apartment hotel building, Somerset Grand Hanoi. The investor and operator of the complex is the Singapore-based The Ascott Limited, a subsidiary of CapitaLand.

Since the building was completed, the Somerset Grand Hanoi Tower was the highest building in Hanoi until 2007, when the apartment building 34T Trung Hòa — Nhân Chính in Cầu Giấy District completed. However, the building is still the highest one in Hoàn Kiếm District, as the city's government has ordered a height limit on new buildings in the historic downtown area since 2021.

CapitaLand
CapitaLand Group Pte. Ltd. is a Singaporean headquartered company focusing on investment, development and management of real estate. The company has a presence in over 270 cities across more than 45 countries.