hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tornado outbreak of April 29 – May 1, 1909
A deadly tornado outbreak affected much of the central and Southern United States from April 29 – May 1, 1909. Affecting particularly the Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys, it killed over 180 people, more than 90 of them in the U.S. state of Tennessee alone. The deadliest and longest-tracked tornado of the outbreak was a violent F4 tornado family that tracked across portions of northern Mississippi and western Tennessee on April 29, claiming at least 29 lives. Another deadly F4 tornado struck portions of southern Tennessee early the next day, killing 31. Other F4s in southern Missouri and southern Illinois on April 29 killed a combined 16 people. Deadly F3s in Georgia and Tennessee from April 30–May 1 killed a total of at least 53 people as well.

Whitehaven, Memphis
Whitehaven, informally known as "Blackhaven", is a predominantly African-American community in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It was first organized in the late 19th century as a neighborhood for upper-class white families. Its current population is about 50,000.
Rajvinder Sandhu
Rajvinder Sandhu (born 10 July 1991) is a New Zealand cricketer. He made his List A debut for Auckland on 15 January 2017 in the 2016–17 Ford Trophy. He made his first-class debut for Auckland on 25 February 2017 in the 2016–17 Plunket Shield season.

Auckland cricket team
The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful team having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The team currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.

The limited overs team, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.

They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Agodorp
Agodorp (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːɣoːdɔr(ə)p]) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is a part of the municipality of Westerwolde, and lies about 16 km northeast of Emmen.

Agodorp is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Ter Apel. Agodorp was place name signs since 2008. It consists of about 90 houses.

The village was first mentioned in 1968 as Agodorp, and refers to the 1921 neighbourhood built for the employees of AGO (Aardappelen, Groenten en Ooft).

Westerwolde (municipality)
Westerwolde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈʋɔldə]; Gronings: Westerwoolde) is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.
Portrait of Johann von Schwarzwaldt
Portrait of Johann von Schwarzwaldt is a tempera on parchment portrait completed in 1543 by German artist and printmaker, Hans Holbein the Younger. The painting shows a young man against a blue background, turned three-quarters to the viewer's right.  The sitter is wearing a deep black velvet cap and a black silk gown, a shade lighter, with a finely embroidered white shirt showing at the neck and wrist. The eyes are lowered, half covered by the lids, the arms folded. He has two rings on his left hand and is holding leather gloves. There is a flanking inscription at head height —· ANNO · ETATIS // SVÆ · 24 · 1543· — indicating that he was born about 1519. The subject of this portrait was identified as a Danzig merchant, Hans (Johann) von Schwarzwald (1513 − 1575), but his age does not match the inscription. It has been suggested that the young man might be Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, the son of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex.

Steelyard
The Steelyard, from the Middle Low German Stâlhof (sample yard), was the kontor (foreign trading post) of the Hanseatic League in London, and their main trading base in England, between the 13th and 16th centuries. The main goods that the League exported from London were wool and from the 14th century woollen cloths. An important import good was beeswax. The kontor tended to be dominated by Rhenish and Westphalian traders, especially from Cologne.

The Steelyard was not the only Hanseatic trading post in England. There were a number of Hanseatic factories on the English east coast, like the remaining Hanseatic warehouse in King's Lynn, Norfolk.
2014 SEABA Under-18 Championship for Women
The 2014 SEABA Under-18 Championship for Women was the maiden edition of SEABA Championship for young women ages eighteen (18) and below. The qualifying tournament for the 2014 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship for Women, it was held in Semarang, Indonesia from May 26 to May 29.

Malaysia won their first SEABA Under-18 title after sweeping the tournament and defeating Singapore in the finals, 68–55.

2014 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship for Women
The 2014 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship for Women was the qualifying tournament for FIBA Asia at the 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women. The tournament was held in Amman, Jordan from 10 to 17 October 2014.

China defeated Japan in the finals, 60-53 to notch their fourteenth title, while Korea edged Chinese Taipei in the battle for Third Place, 57-54. China, Japan and Korea will represent FIBA Asia at the 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women which will be held in Russia.

The championship was divided into two levels: Level I and Level II. The two lowest finishers of Level I met the top two finishers of Level II to determine which teams qualified for the top Level of the 2016 Championships. The losers were relegated to Level II.
Iowa Highway 137
Iowa Highway 137 (Iowa 137) is a 14+1⁄2-mile-long (23.3 km) state highway in southern Iowa. The route begins at Iowa 5 in Albia and ends at U.S. Highway 63 (US 63) and Iowa 163 in Eddyville.  The highway was designated in the 1930s after US 63 was rerouted.

Iowa Highway 163
Iowa Highway 163 (Iowa 163) is a state highway that travels from U.S. Highway 69 in Des Moines to US 63 near Oskaloosa.  The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) has signed Iowa 163 from Oskaloosa to Burlington along US 63 and US 34, but it does not officially recognize those sections of road as part of the route.

Iowa 163 is a divided highway with some freeway sections for most of its length and serves as a connector between Des Moines with Burlington.
Peter Benedik
Peter Benedik (born 21 November 1947 in Košice) is a retired football player and coach from Slovakia.

He has been involved in education of players as Peter Dubovský, Václav Němeček, Radek Bejbl, Pavel Nedvěd, Štefan Rusnák and others.

Václav Němeček
Václav Němeček (born 25 January 1967) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic national teams. As a combined total for them, Němeček played 60 matches and scored six goals. At club level, he played for Sparta Prague, Toulouse, Servette and Dalian Wanda FC.
Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri
Sayyid ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Zayn al-ʿAbidīn al-Shāghūrī al-Ḥusaynī (Arabic: أبو منير عبد الرحمن بن عبد الرحمن بن مصطفى بن عبد الرحمن زين العابدين المشهور بالشاغوري) was a Syrian Sufi master of the Hashimi-Darqawi branch of the Shadhili tariqa, as well as poet, textile worker, and trade unionist.

Ali al-Jifri
Habib Ali Zain al-Abidin al-Jifri (Arabic: الحبيب علي زين العابدين الجفري; born 16 April 1971) is a Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar and spiritual educator based in Cairo, Egypt. He is the founder of Tabah Foundation (مؤسسة طابـة), a research institute based in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
2024 California Proposition 5
Proposition 5 is a California ballot proposition that was voted on as part of the 2024 California elections on November 5. It failed, with 55.0% of voters voting "no." If passed, the proposition would have amended the California Constitution to reduce the supermajority requirement from two-thirds of the vote to 55% for local bond measures to fund affordable housing and some types of public infrastructure.

Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association
The Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association is a California-based nonprofit lobbying and policy organization that advocates for Proposition 13 and Proposition 218. Officially nonpartisan, the organization also advocates against raising taxes in California.
Killing of Rebekah Baptiste
Rebekah Baptiste was a 10-year-old American child who died on July 30, 2025, three days after being found unresponsive and seriously injured in rural Holbrook, Arizona. Her father Richard Baptiste and his fiancée Anicia Woods have been charged with her murder, kidnapping, and abuse.

The Arizona Department of Child Services (DCS) had received at least 12 reports concerning Rebekah and her family before her death. From 2019 to 2024, Rebekah and her two younger brothers lived in foster care until they were returned to their father. In October 2024, Rebekah escaped from her family's apartment in Phoenix and asked for help from a clerk at a gas station, who called 911. She was taken to the hospital for a bloody lip and bruises on her wrists and feet, but her father and Woods claimed her injuries were self-inflicted. The report filed with the DCS was closed a month later, in which it was claimed no evidence of abuse was found.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Wilkes Land crater
Wilkes Land crater is a hypothesized giant impact structure beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The hypothesis is based on indirect geophysical observations, especially regional gravity anomalies and subglacial topography. It remains unconfirmed because the site is buried under ice and there are no direct bedrock samples to test for diagnostic impact evidence.

The name is used in connection with two candidate features discussed in published sources. The Wilkes Land anomaly refers to a general, large-scale gravity anomaly associated with a subglacial depression that has several proposed origins, including an impact structure. The Wilkes Land mascon refers to the specific positive gravity signal, a mascon, inferred from satellite gravimetry (including GRACE) and interpreted by some authors as consistent with a large impact basin.

Mantle plume
A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. Because the plume head partially melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots, such as Hawaii or Iceland, and large igneous provinces such as the Deccan and Siberian Traps. Some such volcanic regions lie far from tectonic plate boundaries, while others represent unusually large-volume volcanism near plate boundaries.
Branches of the House of Romanov
The Russian Imperial Family was split into four main branches named after the sons of Emperor Nicholas I:

The Alexandrovichi (descendants of Emperor Alexander II of Russia) (with further subdivisions named The Vladimirovichi and The Pavlovichi after two of Alexander II’s younger sons)

The Konstantinovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaevich of Russia)

The Nikolaevichi (descendants of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia)

The Mikhailovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia)

The headship of the Imperial Family is in dispute between Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia of the Vladimirovich (Alexandrovichi) and Prince Andrew Andreevich of Russia of the Mikhailovichi branch.

In the family trees, a ≈ sign represents a union causing an illegitimate child.

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Russian: Вели́кий князь Константи́н Никола́евич; 21 September 1827 – 25 January 1892) was the Emperor's Viceroy of Poland from 1862 to 1863 and a general admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.
Social network automation
Social Network Automation refers to tools that are used to semi/automate the process of posting content to social networking and social bookmarking websites.  Tools can range from mostly manual and free to semi-automated tools which are either commercial standalone software or paid subscriptions.

Digg
Digg (stylized in lowercase as digg) is an American social bookmarking news aggregator, with a feed that displays the internet's most popular content (Most Dugg), Newest, Trending, and content that’s "Heating up." It was re-launched in its current form in June 2025.
Akama Shrine
Akama Shrine (赤間神宮, Akama Jingū) is a Shinto shrine in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to the child Emperor Antoku, who died in the Battle of Dan-no-ura (aka Dannoura), which occurred nearby in 1185. This battle was important in the history of Japan because it brought an end to Genpei War in which the Minamoto clan defeated the rival Taira clan, and ended the Taira bid for control of Japan.

The shrine is situated on the waterfront of the Kanmon Strait, between the centre of Shimonoseki and the tourist restaurants of Karato, Kanmon Wharf. The bright red main gate makes it a very visible sight.

Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
The modern system of ranked Shinto shrines (近代社格制度, Kindai Shakaku Seido; sometimes called simply shakaku (社格)) was an organizational aspect of the establishment of Japanese State Shinto. This system classified Shinto shrines as either official government shrines or "other" shrines. The official shrines were divided into

Imperial shrines (kampeisha), which are parsed into minor, medium, or major sub-categories; and

National shrines (kokuheisha), which are similarly categorized as minor, medium, or major.

Some shrines are the "first shrines" called ichinomiya that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan.

The Ise Grand Shrine stood at the top of all shrines and thus was outside the classification.

All listed shrines on this page with the exception of Ise Grand Shrine are Beppyo shrines.
Carrolla
Carrolla  is an extinct genus of brachystelechid 'microsaur' that lived in the Lower Permian in North America. It was named in 1986 by American paleontologists Wann Langston and Everett Olson. The type species, Carrolla craddocki, is the only known species.

Microsauria
Microsauria is an extinct, possibly polyphyletic order of tetrapods from the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods. It is the most diverse and species-rich group of lepospondyls. Recently, Microsauria has been considered paraphyletic, as several other non-microsaur lepospondyl groups such as Lysorophia seem to be nested in it. Microsauria is now commonly used as a collective term for the grade of lepospondyls that were originally classified as members of Microsauria.

The microsaurs all had short tails and small legs, but were otherwise quite varied in form. The group included lizard-like animals that were relatively well-adapted to living on dry land, burrowing forms, and others that, like the modern axolotl, retained their gills into adult life, and so presumably never left the water. Their skeleton was heavily ossified, and their development was likely gradual with no metamorphosis.
Colgin Hill
Colgin Hill is a historic house in Gainesville, Alabama.  The one-story structure began as a log dogtrot house for William Colgin in 1832.  The breezeway was enclosed, creating a center hall, and Greek Revival details added within a couple of decades of the initial construction.  It serves as an example of the transition in Alabama from the frontier to a more refined society.  Historians consider it to be the oldest extant building in Gainesville.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 3, 1985.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Contrastive analysis
Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a couple of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities.  Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies.

Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns that underlie all things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

Alternatively, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, structuralism is:

"The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract structure."
ISO 3166-2:VC
ISO 3166-2:VC is the entry for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for six parishes.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is VC, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The second part is two digits:

01–05: parishes on the island of Saint Vincent

06: parish in the northern part of the Grenadines

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
2015 CAF Champions League
The 2015 CAF Champions League (officially the 2015 Orange CAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 51st edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 19th edition under the current CAF Champions League format. The winner qualified for the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, and earned the right to play in the 2016 CAF Super Cup.

TP Mazembe of the Democratic Republic of Congo won the competition for the fifth time in their history after a 4–1 aggregate victory over USM Alger of Algeria in the final. ES Sétif were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.

CAF 5-year ranking
The CAF 5-year ranking system is used by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine the number of clubs that each member association may enter its club football competitions; the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. At present, those associations ranked in the top 12 may enter two teams into each of the two club competitions, while the remaining associations are limited to a single team in each competition.
1848 Naval Air Squadron
1848 Naval Air Squadron (1848 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). It officially formed in the United States at RN Air Section Brunswick, in July 1944 as a fighter squadron. It was quipped with Vought Corsair fighter aircraft. The squadron embarked in HMS Ranee in October for the Atlantic crossing back to the United Kingdom. However, soon after arrival it disbanded at HMS Landrail, at RNAS Machrihanish, in November, its resources shared equally between 1843, 1845 and 1846 Naval Air Squadrons.

Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field
Naval Station Norfolk Chambers Field (IATA: NGU, ICAO: KNGU, FAA LID: NGU), or LP-1/Chambers Field, commonly known as Chambers Field, is named after Captain Washington Irving Chambers. It is a military airport in Norfolk, Virginia that is a part of Naval Station Norfolk. It supports naval air forces in the United States Fleet Forces Command, those operating in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean. It's important to note that, "Chambers Field" only refers to the geographical area of the airport runway, taxiways, two heliports and six helipads.
Honey Hireme
Arneta Honey Hireme-Smiler MNZM (born 3 May 1981) is a former New Zealand rugby football player who has represented her country in rugby league, rugby sevens and rugby union. Due to her multi-sport career, Hireme-Smiler has been referred to as Honey Bill Williams, in reference to her New Zealand male counterpart Sonny Bill Williams.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Metabolic myopathy
Metabolic myopathies are myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They are generally genetic defects (inborn errors of metabolism) that interfere with the ability to create energy, causing a low ATP reservoir within the muscle cell.

Exercise intensity
Exercise intensity refers to how much energy is expended when exercising. Perceived intensity varies with each person. It has been found that intensity has an effect on what fuel the body uses and what kind of adaptations the body makes after exercise. Intensity is the amount of physical power (expressed as a percentage of the maximal oxygen consumption) that the body uses when performing an activity. For example, exercise intensity defines how hard the body has to work to walk a mile in 20 minutes.
Baby Phat
Baby Phat by Kimora Lee Simmons is a privately held American apparel brand originally established in 1999 by entrepreneur, Russell Simmons. Initially launched as a womenswear offshoot of the menswear label, Phat Farm, Baby Phat by Kimora Lee Simmons eventually grew into a comprehensive lifestyle brand that is widely regarded as one of the most definitive brands of the early aughts era. Baby Phat by Kimora Lee Simmons was re-launched in December 2019.

American Apparel
American Apparel Inc. is a  Los Angeles-based clothing retailer founded by Canadian businessman Dov Charney in spring 1989. Previously known as a "Made in USA" vertically integrated company, following its bankruptcy and sale to Gildan the company  markets itself as "Ethically Made—Sweatshop Free," and most of its apparel is made in  Honduras and Nicaragua.