hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trypethelium astroideum
Trypethelium astroideum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It was described as new to science by Adam Flakus and André Aptroot from material collected in lowland Bolivia.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot
The 71st Regiment of Foot was a Highland regiment in the British Army, raised as the 73rd (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1777. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot to become the 1st Battalion, Highland Light Infantry in 1881.

Battle of Almaraz
The Battle of Almaraz was fought during the Peninsular War on 18–19 May 1812, in which the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Lord Hill destroyed a French pontoon bridge across the River Tagus, in Almaraz, Spain. The bridge was protected by two French garrisons at either end.

The action was swift-moving, deceptive, and daring. The decisive result produced a substantial improvement in the Allied position by keeping French forces separated ahead of the imminent Battle of Salamanca.
Rhein-Sieg-Eisenbahn
The Rhein-Sieg-Eisenbahn or RSE is a German company founded by the Verkehrsclub Deutschland (Transport Club of Germany) and interested private individuals with the primary purpose of saving a threatened industrial line, the Beuel–Großenbusch railway.

A joint venture RSE Cargo was formed with logistics company Hoyer with RSE providing a railway company licence. In 2000 Hoyer acquired a majority share in RSE Cargo and renamed it Hoyer Railserv.

DB Netz
DB Netz (German pronunciation: [deːbeː ˈnɛts]) was a major subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn that owned and operated a majority of the German railway system. It was one of the largest railway infrastructure managers by length (33,291 km as of 2019) and transport volume of its network.

On 1 January 2024, it merged with DB Station&Service to form DB InfraGO.
Plain English
Plain English (also referred to as layman's terms) is a mode of writing or speaking the English language intended to be easy to understand regardless of one's familiarity with a given topic. It usually avoids the use of rare words and uncommon euphemisms to explain the subject. Plain English wording is intended to be suitable for almost anyone, and it allows for good understanding to help readers know a topic. It is considered a part of plain language.

The Complete Plain Words
The Complete Plain Words, titled simply Plain Words in its 2014 revision, is a style guide written by Sir Ernest Gowers, published in 1954. It has never been out of print. It comprises expanded and revised versions of two pamphlets that he wrote at the request of HM Treasury, Plain Words (1948) and ABC of Plain Words (1951). The aim of the book is to help officials in their use of English as a tool of their trade. To keep the work relevant for readers in subsequent decades it has been revised by Sir Bruce Fraser in 1973, by Sidney Greenbaum and Janet Whitcut in 1986, and by the original author's great-granddaughter Rebecca Gowers in 2014.

All the editions until that of 2014 were published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). The most recent is issued by an imprint of Penguin Books.
Mathias Peterson Homestead
The Mathias Peterson Homestead is a historic log house in Mission Hill, South Dakota. It was built in 1880 by Pete Peterson Hovden, with "a gable roof with wooden shingles and a small gabled portice marking
the off-set front door." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 16, 1980.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Yankton County, South Dakota
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Yankton County, South Dakota.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 79 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has since been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.
Mbomou
Mbomou is one of the twenty prefectures of the Central African Republic. It covers an area of 61,150 square kilometres (23,610 sq mi) and has a population of 164,009 (according to a 2003 census). The capital is Bangassou. Nearby are the Kembe Falls on the River Kotto. The prefecture is governed by Pierrette Benguere. In 2024, official estimates suggest the population reached 267,647 inhabitants.

Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Since 10 December 2020, the Central African Republic has been administratively divided into 20 prefectures (French: préfectures, Sango: kodoro kômanda-kôta), including the capital, Bangui.

Each prefecture is governed by a local assembly called General Council (Conseil Général), presided by a Prefect (Préfet). The prefectures are further subdivided into 84 sub-prefectures.

Prefectures are all named after major rivers passing through their areas:

Ubangi, Nana, Mambéré, Kadeï, Lobaye, M'Poko, Ombella, Sangha, Kémo, Ouaka, Kotto, and Mbomou all flow into the Congo River.

Pendé, Ouham, Gribingui, Bamingui, Bangoran, and Vakaga all flow into the Chari River, and then into Lake Chad.

(Basse ("Lower") means downstream, and Haut or Haute ("Upper") means upstream.)
Aracari
An aracari or araçari (US: /ˌɑːrəˈsɑːri/ AR-ə-SAR-ee,
UK: /ˌærəˈsɑːri/ ARR-ə-SAR-ee, /-ˈkɑːri/ -⁠KAR-ee)
is any of the medium-sized toucans that, together with the saffron toucanet, make up the genus Pteroglossus.

They are brightly plumaged and have enormous, contrastingly patterned bills. These birds are residents in forests and woodlands in the Neotropics.

Southern emerald toucanet
The southern emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus albivitta) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in montane regions of Colombia, Ecuador, western Venezuela, Peru and northern Bolivia.
Body jewelry materials
Modern Western body piercing professionals use a wide variety of body jewelry materials. These include some manufactured glass materials as well as nickel-free metals and alloys such as titanium, gold, and niobium, which are versatile and can be used in both fresh and healed piercings. Others, like wood, bone, and silicone, are recommended only for fully healed piercings.

Surgical stainless steel
Surgical stainless steel is a grade of stainless steel used in biomedical applications. The most common "surgical steels" are austenitic SAE 316 stainless and martensitic SAE 440, SAE 420, and 17-4  stainless steels. There is no formal definition on what constitutes a "surgical stainless steel", so product manufacturers and distributors often apply the term to refer to any grade of corrosion resistant steel.
NGC 7706
NGC 7706 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces, first observed by British astronomer John Herschel on 16 October 1827 during his surveys of the southern and equatorial sky. Its position in the sky is near right ascension 23h 35m 10.4s and declination +04° 57′ 51″ (J2000 epoch).

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
BluE Nexus
BluE Nexus is a joint venture company established by Aisin and Denso in April 2019 to build powertrain systems for electric vehicles. Both Aisin and Denso are members of the Toyota Group and the Toyota Motor Corporation has a 10% stake in the company.

The main product from BluE Nexus is the e-Axle, which integrates an electric motor, gears and inverter. Aisin makes the motor and gears while Denso makes the inverter. The e-Axle is used in the Toyota Mirai fuel cell vehicle along with the Lexus UX, Toyota C-HR/IZOA and Toyota bZ4X/Subaru Solterra electric vehicles. BluE Nexus will also market the hybrid drive systems (including the Hybrid Synergy Drive) produced by Aisin.

Aisin
Aisin Corporation (株式会社アイシン, Kabushiki gaisha Aishin) is a Japanese corporation that develops and produces components and systems for the automotive industry. Aisin is a Fortune Global 500 company, ranked 359 on the 2020 rankings. Aisin is a member of the Toyota Group of companies.

Aisin was founded in 1965 and supplies engine, drivetrain, body and chassis, aftermarket, and other automotive parts for the Toyota Motor Corporation and other major OEMs.

In addition to automotive products, Aisin also offers life and amenity products (such as sewing machines and, from 1966 to 2020, mattresses), cogeneration and heat exchange systems, and welfare products, among others.
Beszowa
Beszowa [bɛˈʂɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Łubnice, 16 km (10 mi) south of Staszów, and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

From 1975 to 1998 the town was administratively part of the Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship.

Łubnice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Łubnice [wubˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łubnice. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Staszów and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Areniscythris brachypteris
Areniscythris brachypteris, the Oso Flaco flightless moth or sand-dune grasshopper moth, is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Jerry A. Powell in 1976. It is found in the coastal sand dunes of California.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.
Thomas Tallis
Thomas Tallis (/ˈtælɪs/; also Tallys or Talles; c. 1505 – 23 November 1585) was an English composer of High Renaissance music. His compositions are primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallis is considered one of England's greatest composers, and is honoured for his original voice in English musicianship.

Choirboy
A choirboy is a boy member of a choir, also known as a treble.

As a derisive slang term, it refers to a do-gooder or someone who is morally upright, in the same sense that "Boy Scout" (also derisively) refers to someone who is considered honorable.
2013 Central American and Caribbean Age Group Championships in Athletics
The 15th Central American and Caribbean Age Group Championships in Athletics were hosted by the Curaçaose Atletiek Bond (CAB), and were held at the Sentro Deportivo Korsou in Brievengat, Curaçao between July 29–30, 2013.

Central American and Caribbean Age Group Championships in Athletics
The Central American and Caribbean (CAC) Age Group Championships is an international track and field athletics event for the youngest athletes (boys and girls between the age of 11 and 14 years) organized by the Central American and Caribbean Athletic Confederation (CACAC).  The CAC Age Group Championships started in 1985 in Curaçao and are held every two years. The intention was for athletes at that age to have experiences with a variety of events at that young age.  It has witnessed the international debut of many future stars of the region such as Olympic and World Championship medalist Debbie Ferguson of the Bahamas and 2003 World 100m champion Kim Collins of St Kitts and Nevis.
Leah Moore
Leah Moore (born 4 February 1978) is a British comic book writer and columnist. The daughter of comics writer Alan Moore, she frequently collaborates with her husband, writer John Reppion, as Moore & Reppion.

She is a Bachelor of Arts in Classics and English Literature, having graduated from Manchester University in 2001.

She was a tutor on the Arvon Foundation's Graphic Novel residential courses in 2014 and 2016.

Heavy Metal (magazine)
Heavy Metal is an American science fantasy comics magazine, first published in 1977. The magazine is known primarily for its blend of dark fantasy, science fiction, erotica, and steampunk comics. Following a brief hiatus in 2023, it relaunched in 2024 with new owners and a new editorial team consisting of Dave Kelly, Frank Forte, and Chris Thompson.

Unlike the traditional American comic books of that time bound by the restrictive Comics Code Authority, the magazine-format Heavy Metal featured explicit nudity, sexual situations, and graphic violence. The magazine started out primarily as a licensed translation of the French science-fantasy magazine Métal hurlant, marking for many Americans their first introduction to the work of European cartoonists like Enki Bilal, Philippe Caza, Guido Crepax, Philippe Druillet, Jean-Claude Forest, Jean Giraud (a.k.a. Moebius), Chantal Montellier, and Milo Manara.
Wiertelaki
Wiertelaki [vjɛrtɛˈlaki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brąszewice, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Brąszewice, 26 km (16 mi) west of Sieradz, and 79 km (49 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Brąszewice
Brąszewice [brɔ̃ʂɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brąszewice. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Sieradz and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
KGIF (FM)
KGIF (88.1 FM) is a non-commercial FM radio station owned by Leone Church of Christ. Licensed to Tafuna, American Samoa, it airs a religious format.

The station was assigned the KGIF call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on February 3, 2012.

Tafuna, American Samoa
Tafuna (Samoan: Tāfuna) is a village in Tualauta County, Western District, American Samoa. It is the most populous village in American Samoa, with a population of 7,988 according to the 2020 U.S. census.

Tafuna is the principal area for the development of housing and industry in American Samoa. It is one of the few places in American Samoa where the most freehold land is found. Public utilities, the international airport, and light industry are based on the Tafuna Plain. Tafuna's commercial strip is lined with businesses, government offices, recreational facilities, school institutions, service industries, and shops. It encompasses the constituent villages of Petesa, Faga'ima, Kokoland, and Ottoville.
Kowalew, Łódź Voivodeship
Kowalew [kɔˈvalɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Buczek, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Buczek, 11 km (7 mi) south of Łask, and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Buczek, Łask County
Buczek [ˈbut͡ʂɛk] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Buczek. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Łask and 38 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Claris Home Page
Claris Home Page was one of the earliest true WYSIWYG HTML editors, developed from 1994 on. The project was code-named Loma Prieta. Claris purchased it from San Andreas Systems, reworked it to use the user interface common to all their products, and released it in 1996.

HTML editor
An HTML editor is a program used for editing HTML, the markup of a web page. Although the HTML markup in a web page can be controlled with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience, added functionality, and organisation. For example, many HTML editors handle not only HTML, but also related technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, or ECMAScript.  In some cases, they also manage communication with remote web servers via FTP and WebDAV, and version control systems such as Subversion or Git. Many word processing, graphic design, and page layout programs that are not dedicated to web design, such as Microsoft Word or QuarkXPress, also have the ability to edit & export HTML documents.
Alexis Caron (Lower Canada politician)
Alexis Caron (November 2, 1764 – February 25, 1827) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Surrey in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1802 to 1804.

He was born in Quebec City, the son of Alexis Caron and Catherine Tessier, and was educated at the Collège Saint-Raphaël. Caron was called to the Lower Canada bar in 1791. He was elected to the assembly in an 1802 by-election held following the death of Philippe-François de Rastel de Rocheblave. Caron did not run for reelection in 1804. He married Charlotte-Gillette Pommereaux in 1807. He was named King's Counsel in 1812. Caron served as a major in the militia during the War of 1812. In 1821, he was named judge in the provincial court at Gaspé.  He died in Paspébiac at the age of 62.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Reed Duchscher
Reed Duchscher (born July 13, 1989) is an American talent manager and investor. He is the CEO and founder of Night Media, and talent manager of content creators such as political livestreamer Hasan Piker, streamer Kai Cenat and the Kalogeras Sisters, and former manager of YouTuber MrBeast from 2018–2024.

Feastables
Feastables Inc. is a chocolate and snack brand created by American YouTuber Jimmy Donaldson, better known as MrBeast. In January 2022, Donaldson announced the creation of his company which launched its own brand of chocolate bars called "MrBeast Bar". Feastables' chocolate products are manufactured in Peru by Machu Picchu Foods SAC.
Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce
Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce (WMC) is an association of manufacturers, service businesses and chambers of commerce located in Madison, Wisconsin. WMC was formed from what was the Wisconsin State Chamber of Commerce, the Wisconsin Manufacturers Association, and the Wisconsin Council of Safety in 1975. WMC engages in earned media, advocacy, and business development. WMC came under fire in 1996 for an issue ad aimed at Democrats in the state. Initially, the ad was forced off the air but WMC sued to have the ad reinstated, citing free speech rights. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel referred to WMC as "the state's most influential business lobbying group".

Wisconsin State Legislature
The Wisconsin State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house, Wisconsin State Senate, and the lower Wisconsin State Assembly, both of which have had Republican majorities since January 2011. With both houses combined, the legislature has 132 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. The legislature convenes at the state capitol in Madison.

The current sitting is the 107th Wisconsin Legislature.
Michelle Meunier
Michelle Meunier (born 24 January 1956) is a French politician who has been a member of the French Senate since 2011.

In 2023, Meunier publicly endorsed the re-election of the Socialist Party's chairman Olivier Faure.

Olivier Faure
Olivier Faure ([ɔlivje fɔʁ] ⓘ; born 18 August 1968) is a French politician who has served as the First Secretary of the Socialist Party since 2018 and Member of the National Assembly for Seine-et-Marne's 11th constituency since 2012. He was elected to the post of first secretary in the party's Aubervilliers Congress and re-elected in the 2021 Villeurbanne Congress. Faure was previously the head of the New Left group (French: Groupe Nouvelle Gauche), the parliamentary group formed around the PS in the National Assembly, from December 2016 to April 2018.
Univariate (statistics)
Univariate is a term commonly used in statistics to describe a type of data which consists of observations on only a single characteristic or attribute. A simple example of univariate data would be the salaries of workers in industry. Similar to other data, univariate data can be visualized using graphs, images, or other analysis tools after the data are measured, collected, reported, and analyzed.

Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and has since had a complex history, being adopted and extended in some disciplines and by some scholars, and criticized or rejected by others. Other classifications include those by Mosteller and Tukey, and by Chrisman.
Agafya Grushetskaya
Agafya Semyonovna Grushetskaya or Gruszecki (originally in Polish: Agata Siemionowna Gruszecka; Russian: Агафья Семёновна Грушецкая; 1663 – 14 July 1681) was Tsaritsa of Russia as the first spouse of Tsar Feodor III of Russia. She hailed from the Polish noble family Gruszecki.

Tsarina
Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled csarina or csaricsa, tzarina or tzaritza, or czarina or czaricza; Cyrillic: царица) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.  The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine / czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina / zarina. 
(A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.)

"Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946

Serbia: in 1346–1371

Russia: officially from about 1547 until 1721, unofficially in 1721–1917 (officially "Empresses").