hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ECAC men's basketball tournaments
The ECAC men's basketball tournaments are postseason college basketball tournaments organized by the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) in the United States.

Despite its name, the ECAC is not a traditional athletic conference, but rather a loosely organized sports federation for colleges and universities in the northeastern United States. Among other things, it organizes end-of-season college basketball tournaments for member schools which are not members of a traditional conference, or which do not otherwise have access to such a tournament. At various times, it has organized end-of-season basketball tournaments at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, Division II, and Division III levels. The Division I tournaments it organized from 1975 through 1981 were the only college basketball tournaments which gave independent colleges and universities in the northeastern United States automatic bids to the NCAA Tournament during those years.

Eastern College Athletic Conference
The Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) is a college athletic conference comprising schools that compete in 15 sports (13 men's and 12 women's). It has 220 member institutions in NCAA Divisions I, II, and III, ranging in location from Maine to South Carolina and west to Missouri. Most or all members belong to at least one other athletic conference.

The ECAC was founded as the Central Office for Eastern Intercollegiate Athletics in 1938, largely through the efforts of James Lynah of Cornell University. In 1983, the Eastern Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (EAIAW) was consolidated into the ECAC. Most member schools are in other conferences as well, but through the ECAC they are able to participate in sports that their main conferences do not offer. Its headquarters are located in Danbury, Connecticut. The ECAC also now offers esports competitions to its member schools.
International Centre for Climate Change and Development
International Centre for Climate Change and Development  (ICCCAD) is an environmental research institute established in 2009 through a joint collaboration between IIED (UK), Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, and Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB). The centre is based in the campus of IUB, Dhaka. The director of the centre was Saleemul Huq.

It now also hosts the Bangladesh Academy for Climate Services (BACS).

Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies
Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) is a think tank in Bangladesh working to develop national capabilities in addressing resource management, environment and development (RMED) issues by use of existing intellectual, technology and manpower. It was set up in 1984 by Saleemul Huq who became the first executive director of the organization. BCAS addresses sustainable development through four interactive themes:

Environment-development integration

Good governance and people's participation

Poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods

Economic growth and public–private partnership.
Shafqat Emmanuel and Shagufta Kausar blasphemy case
Shafqat Emmanuel and Shagufta Kausar are a Pakistani Christian couple who in 2014 were convicted of blasphemy by a Pakistani court, receiving a sentence of death by hanging. In 2021, the convictions were overturned.

Capital punishment in Pakistan
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Pakistan. Although there have been numerous amendments to the Constitution, there is yet to be a provision prohibiting the death penalty as a punitive remedy.

A moratorium on executions was imposed in 2008. No executions occurred from 2009 to 2011, with 1 in 2012 and 0 in 2013. The moratorium was lifted fully after the massacre of 132 students and 9 members of staff of the Army Public School and Degree College in Peshawar, and routine executions resumed. Pakistan carried out 7 executions in 2014, 326 in 2015, 87 in 2016, 65 in 2017, and 14 in 2018. Hanging is the only legal method of execution.
Ottawa Sun
The Ottawa Sun is a daily newspaper in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is published by Sun Media. It began publication in 1983 as the Ottawa Sunday Herald, until it was acquired by (then) Toronto Sun Publishing Corporation in 1988. In April 2015, Sun Media papers were acquired by Postmedia.

A Sunday edition of the newly named Ottawa Sun began publication on September 4, 1988 and a daily publication started on November 7, 1988. As with its sister papers, it has a "Sunshine Girl" feature, although in the past it also contained a "Sunshine Boy" feature.

Past editors include Peter Worthington and Mark Bonokoski. The current editor-in-chief since 2016 is former managing editor of the Montreal Gazette, Michelle Richardson. Its editorials are often considered conservative-leaning.

The Gazette (Montreal)
The Gazette, also known as the Montreal Gazette, is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper which is owned by Postmedia Network. It is published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

It is the only English-language daily newspaper currently published in Montreal. Three other daily English-language newspapers shuttered at various times during the second half of the 20th century. It is one of the French-speaking province's last two English-language dailies; the other is the Sherbrooke Record, which serves the anglophone community in Sherbrooke and the Eastern Townships southeast of Montreal.

Founded in 1778 by Fleury Mesplet, The Gazette is Quebec's oldest daily newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in Canada. The oldest newspaper overall is the English-language Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, which was established in 1764 and is published weekly.
Special Forces Group (Belgium)
The Special Forces Group is a special forces unit in the Belgian Army and part of the Special Operations Regiment.

Members of the Special Forces Group are selected from all the branches of the Belgian Armed Forces. Candidates must have at least three years' experience in the military to join the Special Forces Group.

2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium)
The 2nd Commando Battalion (French: 2e Bataillon de Commandos, officially abbreviated to 2 Codo) is one of four airborne forces battalion unit of the Belgian Army and part of the 'Special Operations Regiment'. Its regimental traditions, including the name "Commando" and the green beret, were adopted from the Belgian soldiers who served in No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando during the Second World War.
Cefsulodin
Cefsulodin is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was discovered by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company in 1977.

TAP Pharmaceuticals had a new drug application on file with FDA for cefsulodin under the brand name Cefonomil as of 1985.

Cefsulodin is most commonly used in cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar to select for Yersinia microorganisms. This agar is most often used in water and beverage testing.

Cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg. /ˌsɛfələˈspɔːrɪn, ˌkɛ-, -loʊ-/) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungal genus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.

Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics called cephems. Cephalosporins were discovered in 1945, and first sold in 1964.
Chibcha terrane
The Chibcha terrane (Spanish: Terreno Chibcha, TCH), named after Chibcha, is the largest of the geological provinces (terranes) of Colombia. The terrane, the oldest explored domains of which date to the Meso- to Neoproterozoic, is situated on the North Andes Plate. The megaregional Romeral Fault System forms the contact of the terrane with the Tahamí terrane. The contact with the Caribbean and La Guajira terranes is formed by the regional Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. The northeastern boundary is formed by the regional Oca Fault, bounding the La Guajira terrane. The terrane is emplaced over the Río Negro–Juruena province of the Amazonian craton along the megaregional Eastern Frontal Fault System.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
Colgan Air
Colgan Air was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1965 until 2012, when it became a subsidiary of Pinnacle Airlines Corp. The initial headquarters of Colgan Air was in Manassas, Virginia until 2010, and then Memphis, Tennessee until closure in 2012.

Colgan Air operated for Continental Express/United Express, and US Airways Express. Pinnacle Airlines Corporation phased out the Colgan Air name on September 5, 2012, and transferred personnel and logistics to Pinnacle Airlines.

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.
Shadvidamargini
Shadvidamargini (pronounced Shaḍvidamārgini, meaning the one with the path to six forms of knowledge) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 46th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Stavarājam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
2023 NAIA outdoor track and field championships
The 2023 NAIA outdoor track and field championships were the 71st NAIA men's outdoor track and field championship and the 42nd NAIA women's outdoor track and field championship, held on the campus of Indiana Wesleyan University in Marion, Indiana. The event consisted of 23 different men's and women's outdoor track and field events contested from May 24–26, 2023.

NAIA men's outdoor track and field championship
The NAIA men's outdoor track and field championship is the annual track meet to determine the national champions of NAIA men's outdoor track and field in the United States and Canada. It has been held annually since 1952.

The most successful program has been Azusa Pacific, with fifteen NAIA national titles. Among active NAIA programs, Life have the most, with six.

The current champions are British Columbia, who won their third national title in 2025.
2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Women's 3000 and 5000 metres
The 3000 and 5000 metres distances for women in the 2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup were contested over six races on six occasions, out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Berlin, Germany, on 7–9 November 2008, and the final occasion taking place in Salt Lake City, United States, on 6–7 March 2009.

Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic successfully defended her title from the previous season, while Daniela Anschütz-Thoms of Germany came second, and Kristina Groves of Canada came third.

2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2008–2009, was a series of  international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 7 November 2008 in Berlin, Germany, and ended on 7 March 2009 in Salt Lake City, United States. In total, nine competition weekends were held at eight different locations, twelve cups were contested (six for men, and six for women), and 84 races took place. The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
Ruszcza-Płaszczyzna
Ruszcza-Płaszczyzna [ˈruʂt͡ʂa pwaʂˈt͡ʂɨzna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Łoniów, 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Łoniów
Łoniów [ˈwɔɲuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łoniów. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Hard systems
Hard systems is a problem-solving approach in systems science. It can be contrasted with soft systems, for which systems thinking must handle many ill-defined, or not easily quantified elements.

Hard systems approaches such as systems analysis (structured methods), operations research and so on, assume that the problems associated with such systems are well-defined and likely to have a single, optimum solution, so a problem-solving approach will work well as technical factors tend to predominate.

Systems thinking
Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, enabling systems change. Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.
2010 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship final
The 2010 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 79th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 2010 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Wexford led 1-8 to 0-4 at half-time but Galway nearly staged a comeback, an injury time goal by Aisling Connolly narrowing the gap to two points at the end.

2010 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2010 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship—known as the Gala All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons—is the high point of the 2010 season in the sport of camogie. It commenced on June 13, 2010, and ended with the final between Galway and Wexford on 12 September 2010 which Wexford won by 1-12 to 1-10. Seven teams compete in the Senior Championship out of twenty-seven who competed overall in the Senior, Intermediate and Junior Championships.
Saheli railway station
Saheli railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Nagpur CR railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated at Saheli, Taku in Narmadapuram district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Nagpur CR railway division
Nagpur CR railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1867 and its headquarter is located at Nagpur in the state of Maharashtra of India. It covers an East part of the state of Maharashtra and small part of Southern Madhya Pradesh.

Bhusawal railway division,  Solapur railway division,  Mumbai CR railway division, and Pune railway division are the other  railway divisions under CR Zone headquartered at  Mumbai CST.
Thomas Smyth (Archdeacon of Glendalough)
Thomas Smyth LL.D. was an Irish Anglican priest.

The son of Thomas Smyth Bishop of Limerick,  he was born in Drumcree, County Westmeath and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed Archdeacon of Glendalough in 1723 and served until 1751.

Archdeacon of Glendalough
The office of Archdeacon of Glendalough is a senior ecclesiastical role within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, previously the Diocese of Glendalough. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within the Diocese. The Roman Catholic succession of the role ceased long ago but it continues in the Church of Ireland.
Unish
Unish is a constructed language developed by a research team at Sejong University, South Korea. The term “Unish” is used in reference to it being cast as a universal language in the globalized era.

The vocabulary of Unish is chosen from among 15 languages: Esperanto and 14 major languages that have 70 million or more native speakers or which were international languages in the past.  Decisions are based on the three principles of commonality, short-word length, and simplicity. Consequently, the core vocabulary of Unish is integrated with the simplest words of existing major languages. To date, Unish has a vocabulary of approximately 10,000 words. Sejong University has also offered Unish classes for several years.

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
John Curwen (physician)
John Curwen (September 20, 1821 – July 2, 1901) was Superintendent of the first public mental hospital in Pennsylvania. He personally knew the thirteen founders of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions of the Insane (AMSAII), now the American Psychiatric Association. He served as secretary-treasurer of the Association for 34 years (1856–1890).

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
NGC 1536
NGC 1536 is a peculiar barred spiral galaxy located around 57 million light-years away in the constellation Reticulum. It was discovered on December 4th, 1834 by the English astronomer John Herschel, and it has a diameter around 42,000 light-years. NGC 1536 is not known to have much star-formation, and it is not known to have an active galactic nucleus.

Reticulum
Reticulum is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for a small net, or reticle—a net of crosshairs at the focus of a telescope eyepiece that is used to measure star positions. The constellation is best viewed between October and December, and save for one main star visible in ideal conditions, cannot be seen from north of the 30th parallel north.
Big-little-big lemma
In the mathematics of paper folding, the big-little-big lemma is a necessary condition for a crease pattern with specified mountain folds and valley folds to be able to be folded flat. It differs from Kawasaki's theorem, which characterizes the flat-foldable crease patterns in which a mountain-valley assignment has not yet been made. Together with Maekawa's theorem on the total number of folds of each type, the big-little-big lemma is one of the two main conditions used to characterize the flat-foldability of mountain-valley assignments for crease patterns that meet the conditions of Kawasaki's theorem. Mathematical origami expert Tom Hull calls the big-little-big lemma "one of the most basic rules" for flat foldability of crease patterns.

Kawasaki's theorem
Kawasaki's theorem or Kawasaki–Justin theorem is a theorem in the mathematics of paper folding that describes the crease patterns with a single vertex that may be folded to form a flat figure. It states that the pattern is flat-foldable if and only if alternatingly adding and subtracting the angles of consecutive folds around the vertex gives an alternating sum of zero.
Crease patterns with more than one vertex do not obey such a simple criterion, and are NP-hard to fold.

The theorem is named after one of its discoverers, Toshikazu Kawasaki. However, several others also contributed to its discovery, and it is sometimes called the Kawasaki–Justin theorem or Husimi's theorem after other contributors, Jacques Justin and Kôdi Husimi.
Mixed potential theory
Mixed potential theory is a theory used in electrochemistry that relates the potentials and currents from differing constituents into a 'weighted' potential at zero net current. In other words, it is an electrode potential resulting from a simultaneous action of more than a single redox couple, while the net electrode current is zero.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Greg Evers
Robert Gregory Evers (June 16, 1955 – August 21, 2017) was a Republican politician who served as a member of the Florida Senate from 2010 to 2016, representing parts of Northwest Florida. Prior to his election to the Senate, he served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 1st District from 2001 to 2010.

Baker, Florida
Baker is a Small town in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. It is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) northwest of the county seat, Crestview, and 10 miles northeast of Holt in the Florida Panhandle. A stop on the Florida, Alabama and Gulf Railroad, Baker was platted in 1910 and grew up around the timber and turpentine industries.

The Baker Block Museum is in Baker. Baker is home to Baker School, a public school in the Okaloosa County School District with almost 1,500 students. The Skypark Estates Owner's Association Airport (18FD) is a private airport with a 3,000 foot east-west turf runway located in Baker.