hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfing at the Summer Olympics
Competitions in the sport of surfing, governed by the International Surfing Association (ISA), have been held at two editions of the Summer Olympic Games. First selected as one of the discretionary sports at the 2020 and 2024 games, surfing will be inducted as one of the mandatory sports at the 2028 games. Athletes compete in the discipline of shortboard surfing, which is the sole event in the sport at the Olympics. The United States have won the most gold medals (2), while Brazil have won the most medals overall (3).

Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Surfing made its Summer Olympics debut in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. The Olympics were originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but were postponed to 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Amphitheater Mountain (Washington)
Amphitheater Mountain is an 8,358-foot (2,548-metre) multi-peak mountain located in Okanogan County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a sub-range of the North Cascades and Cascade Range. The mountain is situated on the east side of the Cascade crest, in the Pasayten Wilderness, on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The sprawling Amphitheater Mountain has several sub-peaks including the South Peak (8,269 ft; 2,520 m), West Peak (8,252 ft; 2,515 m), and North Peak (8,200 ft; 2,500 m). The nearest higher peak is Cathedral Peak, 0.95 miles (1.53 km) to the north. The Pacific Northwest Trail traverses below the north slope of Amphitheater Mountain as it crosses Cathedral Pass. Precipitation runoff from Amphitheater Mountain drains west into Cathedral Fork, or east into Cathedral Creek.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
Torrent Project
The Torrent Project or Torrent Search Project was a metasearch engine for torrent files, which consolidated links from other popular torrent hosting pages such as ExtraTorrent. It was available as an alternative and successor for the closed Torrentz.eu and KickassTorrents sites, and its index included over 8 million torrent files, and had a clean, simple interface. Beyond allowing torrent files of popular films, it also carried self-produced content. It had an API that allowed the search function to be integrated into applications, and the news-site TorrentFreak suggested that it could have allowed streaming in the future. It had adopted the Torrents Time plugin.

The torrentproject.com URL was part of a 2014 United Kingdom High Court decision, which ordered it to be blocked. The site shut down on 4 Sep 2017. It is not clear whether TorrentProject will return.

KickassTorrents
KickassTorrents (commonly abbreviated KAT) was a website that provided a directory for torrent files and magnet links to facilitate peer-to-peer file sharing using the BitTorrent protocol. It was founded in 2008 and by November 2014, KAT became the most visited BitTorrent directory in the world, overtaking The Pirate Bay, according to the site's Alexa ranking. KAT went offline on 20 July 2016 when the domain was seized by the U.S. government. The site's proxy servers were shut down by its staff at the same time.

In December 2016, former KAT staff members revived the KAT community by creating a website with its predecessor's features and appearance.
Terborg, Germany
Terborg is a small village in the region of East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively, it is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Moormerland. Located on the north bank of the river Ems, Terborg is approximately 8 kilometers to the northwest of Leer. It has a population of 105.

Leer, Lower Saxony
Leer (German pronunciation: [leːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Leer in the region of East Frisia, in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leda, a tributary of the river Ems, near the border with the Netherlands. With 34,958 inhabitants (2021), it is the third-largest city in East Frisia after Emden and Aurich.

It has a railway and autobahn connection to Groningen, Netherlands, Emden, Bremen and the South (Rheine and the Ruhr industrial region).
Maria-Irene Palaiologina
Irene Palaiologina (Greek: Εἰρήνη Παλαιολογίνα; 1327 – 1376/77) was a Byzantine princess and Bulgarian empress consort. She was also known as Maria Palaiologina (Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα).

Maria-Irene Palaiologina's parents were Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy, whilst her siblings were John V Palaiologos and Michael Palaiologos.

She married in 1336 Tsar Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria. They had been bethrothed since she was aged 5. In 1355, her husband was killed in battle with the Ottoman Turks near Sofia. By 1356 she was married to Francesco I Gattilusio. They had:

Andronico Gattilusio (c. 1356 – 6 August 1384).

Domenico Gattilusio (c. 1358 – 6 August 1384).

Francesco II Gattilusio (c. 1365 – 26 October 1404)

She died around 1376/77, and was buried in Mesembria.

Nothing else is known about her, except that she was an Orthodox Christian.

Michael Palaiologos (son of Andronikos III)
Michael Palaiologos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Παλαιολόγος; born 1337) was the second son of Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos (reigned 1328–1341).

Little is known of Michael's life. He was born in 1337, during his father's reign, and was hence styled a porphyrogennetos. Sometime before Andronikos III's death in 1341, Michael was raised to the supreme court rank of Despot. In 1351/52, when his elder brother, Emperor John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1391), was engaged in a struggle for the throne with Matthew Kantakouzenos, John V, who sought aid from the Serbian Emperor Stephen Dushan (r. 1331–1355), sent him as a hostage to the Serbian court. Nothing further is heard of him.
Literary nonsense
Literary nonsense (or nonsense literature) is a broad categorization of literature that balances elements that make sense with some that do not, with the effect of subverting language conventions or logical reasoning. Even though the most well-known form of literary nonsense is nonsense verse, the genre is present in many forms of literature.

The effect of nonsense is often caused by an excess of meaning, rather than a lack of it. Its humor is derived from its nonsensical nature, rather than wit or the "joke" of a punch line.

Eugène Ionesco
Eugène Ionesco (/jəˈnɛskoʊ/; French: [øʒɛn jɔnɛsko]; born Eugen Ionescu, Romanian: [e.uˈdʒen joˈnesku] ⓘ; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and was one of the foremost figures of the French avant-garde theatre in the 20th century. Ionesco instigated a revolution in ideas and techniques of drama, beginning with his "anti play", The Bald Soprano which contributed to the beginnings of what is known as the Theatre of the Absurd, which includes a number of plays that, following the ideas of the philosopher Albert Camus, explore concepts of absurdism and surrealism. He was made a member of the Académie française in 1970, and was awarded the 1970 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, and the 1973 Jerusalem Prize.
Secunderabad–Hazrat Nizamuddin Duronto Express
The Secunderabad–Hazrat Nizamuddin Duronto Express is a Duronto Express train of the Indian Railways connecting Secunderabad (SC) to Delhi Hazrat Nizamuddin (NZM). It is the fastest train between New Delhi and Secunderabad with a travel time of 22 hours.

It operates as train number 12285 from Secunderabad Junction to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 12286 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Telangana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh & Delhi.

Duronto Express
Duronto Express, translating to "restless" in Bengali, is a class of long-distance rapid trains operated by Indian Railways. Initially conceived to operate non-stop between origin and destination stations, since January 2016, these trains have been permitted to make additional commercial stops and accept ticket bookings from technical halts. Before the introduction of trains like the Gatimaan Express and Vande Bharat Express, Duronto trains held the distinction of being the fastest trains in India. Unlike its counterpart, the Rajdhani Express, which links India's capital, Delhi, to state capitals, the Duronto Express connects major metropolitan areas, state capitals, and the national capital, Just like Shatabdi Trains.
Borgocarbonara
Borgocarbonara is a comune (municipality) in the province of Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy. It was formed on 1 January 2019 by the merger of the previous comuni of Borgofranco sul Po and Carbonara di Po.

Carbonara di Po
Carbonara di Po (Lower Mantovano: Carbunera) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Mantua.

Carbonara di Po borders the following municipalities: Bergantino, Borgofranco sul Po, Castelnovo Bariano, Magnacavallo, Sermide e Felonica.
Grigori Levitski
Grigori Levitski (27 October 1852 Kharkiv – 26 October 1918 St. Petersburg) was a Russian astronomer.

In 1879 he graduated from St. Petersburg University. His dissertation was entitled "On the Determination of Orbits of Double Stars". In 1880s he worked at Pulkovo Observatory. He then directed Kharkiv Observatory from 1883 to 1894; he was succeeded by Ludwig von Struve.

From 1894 to 1908 he was the head of Tartu Observatory. During 1901-1905 he was the president of Estonian Naturalists' Society. From 1903 to 1905 he was also the rector of the Imperial University of Dorpat.

From 1915 he was the chairman of Russian Astronomical Society.

Ludwig von Struve
Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig von Struve (November 1, 1858 – November 4, 1920) was a Baltic German astronomer, part of the famous Baltic German Struve family. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as Lyudvig Ottovich Struve (Людвиг Оттович Струве) or Lyudvig Ottonovich Struve (Людвиг Оттонович Струве).
Derrick Collier
Derrick Collier (1923–2017) was an English sports journalist, editor and author, most well known for his role as production editor of the Sunday Times, where he played an important part in the Battle of Wapping. He joined the Daily Sketch newspaper as a trainee in 1940, a day after leaving school, and retired in 1988 having spent a continuous 48 years in the employment of Kemsley Newspapers and, after a takeover of The Times and Sunday Times by Rupert Murdoch, News International.

Wapping dispute
The Wapping dispute was a lengthy failed strike by print workers in London in 1986.

Print unions tried to block distribution of The Sunday Times, along with other newspapers in Rupert Murdoch's News International group, after production was shifted to a new plant in Wapping in January 1986.

At the new facility, modern computer facilities allowed journalists to input copy directly, rather than involving print union workers who used older "hot-metal" Linotype printing methods. All of the workers were dismissed. The failure of the strike was devastating for the print union workers, and it led both to a general decline in trade union influence in the UK, and to a widespread adoption of modern newspaper publishing practices.
Balor
In Irish mythology, Balor or Balar was a leader of the Fomorians, a group of malevolent supernatural beings, and considered the most formidable. He is often described as a giant with a large eye that wreaks destruction when opened. Balor takes part in the Battle of Mag Tuired, and is primarily known from the tale in which he is killed by his grandson Lugh of the Tuatha Dé Danann, son of Cian. He has been interpreted as a personification of the scorching sun, and has also been likened to figures from other mythologies, such as the Welsh Ysbaddaden and the Greek Cyclops.

Crom Dubh
Crom Dubh (Old Irish: [kɾom ˈd̪uβ], Scottish Gaelic: [kʰɾɔum t̪uh]; meaning "black crooked [one]"; also Crum Dubh, Dark Crom) is a mythological and folkloric figure of Ireland, based on the god Crom Cruach, mentioned in the 12th-century dinnseanchas of Magh Slécht.
EE WiFi
EE WiFi is a Wi-Fi hotspot service provided by BT Group for the UK. Its predecessor, BT Wi-fi was established following a rebranding of the former BT Openzone and BT Fon, bringing both of the services under one name until the Fon partnership ended. It supports the BT Consumer division. It is the UK's largest wi-fi network with more than 5 million hotspots in the UK.

In 2023 BT WiFi rebranded to EE WiFi in preparation to rebrand all BT consumer services to EE.

Fon Wireless
Fon Wireless Ltd. is a for-profit company incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom that provides wireless services. Fon was founded in Madrid, Spain, in 2006, by Martín Varsavsky. Today, the company is headquartered in Bilbao.

Fon started out by building its Wi-Fi network through devices called "foneras". Members, whom the company called "Foneros", agreed to share a part of their bandwidth as a Wi-Fi signal, so that they could connect to other members' hotspots.

As the company evolved, it shifted its focus to working with mobile operators and telecommunication providers, and expanded from deploying residential Wi-Fi to providing access and technology to carriers and service providers. Fon claims to operate a network of over 20 million WiFi hotspots.

In April 2021, Fon was acquired by Agile Content, a provider of over-the-top media services from Barcelona.
Bat wing development
The order Chiroptera, comprising all bats, has evolved the unique mammalian adaptation of flight.  Bat wings are modified tetrapod forelimbs.  Because bats are mammals, the skeletal structures in their wings are morphologically homologous to the skeletal components found in other tetrapod forelimbs.  Through adaptive evolution these structures in bats have undergone many morphological changes, such as webbed digits, elongation of the forelimb, and reduction in bone thickness.  Recently, there have been comparative studies of mouse and bat forelimb development to understand the genetic basis of morphological evolution.  Consequently, the bat wing is a valuable evo-devo model for studying the evolution of vertebrate limb diversity.

Bat flight
Bats are the only mammal capable of true flight. Bats use flight for capturing prey, breeding, avoiding predators, and long-distance migration.  Bat wing morphology is often highly specialized to the needs of the species.
Carlos Kleiber
Carlos Kleiber (3 July 1930 – 13 July 2004) was a German-born Austrian conductor, who is widely regarded as among the greatest conductors of all time. The son of the conductor Erich Kleiber, he was particularly known for the  Romantic repertoire. John Rockwell writes: "A fabled perfectionist, he demanded long hours of rehearsal as his reputation grew and allowed him to obtain such concessions. But he made all that work pay off in performances that blended exactitude with impassioned spontaneity."

Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92, is a symphony in four movements composed by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1811 and 1812, while improving his health in the Bohemian spa town of Teplice. The work is dedicated to Count Moritz von Fries.

At its premiere at the university in Vienna on 8 December 1813, Beethoven remarked that it was one of his best works. The second movement, "Allegretto", was so popular that audiences demanded an encore.
Nordic Omsider
The Nordic Omsider (English: at last or finally) is a Norwegian amphibious flying boat, designed by Terje Sandvik and Jostein Eide and under development by Nordic Aircraft AS of Kinsarvik. It was introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2014. Once in production the aircraft is intended to be supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center
The Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center is a USAF named unit, assigned to the Air Force Materiel Command at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. The center operates at the center level of the AFMC. It is currently under the command of Brigadier General William S. Rogers.

Established on 31 March 2006, the center is Air Force Materiel Command's (AFMC) center of expertise for nuclear weapon systems. It is the single AFMC voice for integrating nuclear weapon systems requirements and nuclear weapon system resource management.

Air Force Systems Command
The Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) is an inactive United States Air Force Major Command. It was established in April 1951, being split off from Air Materiel Command. The mission of AFSC was Research and Development for new weapons systems.

AFSC took on engineering functions which formerly resided in the Air Materiel Command (AMC), the Army Air Forces Technical Service Command, and the Air Technical Service Command (ATSC) as a separate research and development command in 1950.  It incorporated Air Proving Ground Command in 1957. On 1 July 1992, AFSC and Air Force Logistics Command were merged to form the Air Force Materiel Command, located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

In the reorganization of 1961, Air Force Systems Command acquired the materiel procurement function from Air Force Logistics Command. It was re-integrated with Air Force Logistics Command in 1992.
Jean-Michel Lapin
Jean-Michel Lapin (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ miʃɛl lapɛ̃]) is a Haitian politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Haiti from 2019 to 2020.

Lapin was appointed by President Jovenel Moïse on March 21, 2019.  He continued to serve despite his resignation on July 23, 2019, due to Parliament not confirming his appointment after four attempts at confirmation. Fritz William Michel was nominated to succeed him, but was not confirmed by parliament, and he was eventually succeeded by Joseph Jouthe.

Prime Minister of Haiti
The prime minister of Haiti (French: Premier ministre d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Premye Minis Ayiti) is the head of government of Haiti. The office was created under the Constitution of 1987; previously, all executive power was held by the president or head of state, who appointed and chaired the Council of Ministers. The office is currently held by Alix Didier Fils-Aimé who has been serving as acting prime minister since 10 November 2024.
Institut de l'audition
The Institut de l'audition is a laboratory of the Pasteur Institute (Paris) working on basic and medical research on hearing, inaugurated on February 27, 2020, by Prime Minister Édouard Philippe. It is a unité mixte de recherche between the Institut Pasteur and Inserm which includes scientific staff from the Institut Pasteur, Inserm and CNRS. It benefits from the support and financial support of the Fondation pour l'audition.

The Institut de l'audition aims to bring together doctors, researchers but also innovation players, industrialists, associations and patients.

Unité mixte de recherche
In France, a unité mixte de recherche (UMR), or joint research unit as translated into English, is an administrative type of research laboratory that is partially supported by CNRS and partially by other organizations or universities, in terms of funds, academic and non-academic staff, and other type of support.
Epipremnum amplissimum
Epipremnum amplissimum is a species of flowering plant in the genus Epipremnum,  native to Southeast Asia, from New Guinea to Vanuatu including northern Australia.

Like the more commonly known Epipremnum aureum (Pothos), it is an evergreen vine typically on a tree as an epiphyte. Unlike the fenestrations of Epipremnum pinnatum, this species does not develop dramatically new leaf shapes when climbing, with young foliage having a narrow elliptic shape and then increasing in length and breadth as it grows. The plant is most commonly kept in cultivation in its juvenile state, where it may have blue-gray variegation that disappears with maturity.

Epipremnum pinnatum
Epipremnum pinnatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It has many common names, including centipede tongavine, taro vine, silver vine and dragon-tail plant. In the Philippines, it is known in Tagalog as tibatib.

Epipremnum pinnatum starts life on the ground and climbs up trees in its natural forest environment, transitioning to an epiphytic lifestyle over time. It exhibits foliage dimorphism, where juvenile leaves look different from mature leaves of the same plant.
2018 National Party of Australia leadership election
A leadership election was held on 26 February 2018 to select Barnaby Joyce's replacement as leader of the National Party of Australia and Deputy Prime Minister. Michael McCormack was elected party leader.

On the morning of 26 February, the Nationals held a party room meeting at which Joyce formally resigned to the backbench. McCormack was seen as the favourite to become leader, and was the only declared candidate as at 25 February. At the meeting he secured the support of a majority of the 21 National Party parliamentarians, seeing off a last-minute challenge from Queensland MP George Christensen.

Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government
The Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government in the Government of Australia is a position currently held by Catherine King following the swearing in of the full Albanese ministry on 1 June 2022.

The Minister for Regional Development, Local Government and Territories is a position currently held by Kristy McBain.
Abareq Rural District
Abareq Rural District (Persian: دهستان ابارق) is in Dehbakri District of Bam County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Abareq, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 4,568 in 1,264 households.

Dehbakri District
Dehbakri District (Persian: بخش دهبکری) is in Bam County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dehbid, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 10,726 people in 3,383 households.
Kulyaling, Western Australia
Kulyaling, formerly Kulyalling, is a small town just off the Great Southern Highway located between Brookton and Pingelly in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.

A railway siding named Westbrook was the origin of the town. The siding was established in 1905 and then the local progress association petitioned for a townsite to be declared. The townsite was gazetted in 1906 as Westbrook but the Lands Department sought to change the name as Westbrook was already in use. Two Aboriginal names were considered; Nimbedilling and Colyalling. The name was changed and the town was gazetted in 1907.

The name of the town comes from the Aboriginal name for a local water source and rock formation but the meaning is unknown.

Brookton, Western Australia
Brookton is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 138 kilometres (86 mi) from the state capital, Perth via the Brookton Highway where it crosses the Great Southern Highway. The town is on the Great Southern railway line. It is within, and is the seat of government for, the Shire of Brookton. At the 2016 census, Brookton had a population of 975.