hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tulle musket
The French-made Tulle musket or Fusil de chasse (fu-zi dee chā-se), originally meaning "hunting gun", was a light smoothbore flintlock musket designed for hunting. A later military variant known as the Fusil marine ordinaire, or "common naval musket" was issued to the French marines during the French and Indian War and American War of Independence. French Common Muskets were typically lighter and shorter than the later Charleville muskets also manufactured at Tulle.

Bayonet
A bayonet (from Old French bayonette, now spelt baïonnette) is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped melee weapon designed to be mounted on the end of the barrel of a rifle, carbine, musket or similar long firearm, allowing the gun to be utilized as a spear in close combat.

The term is derived from the town of Bayonne in southwestern France, where bayonets were supposedly first used by Basques in the 17th century. From the early 17th to the early 20th century, it was an infantry melee weapon used for both offensive and defensive tactics, usually when charging in mass formations (human wave attacks). In contemporary times, bayonets are considered a weapon of last resort and are rarely used in combat, although they are still used regularly for non-combat purposes such as military parades, crowd control and as utility knives.
UTX (gene)
Lysine-specific demethylase 6A also known as Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KDM6A gene. It belongs to the 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily.

The Y-chromosome version of this gene is called UTY.

Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases are a major class of non-heme iron proteins that catalyse a wide range of  reactions. These reactions include hydroxylation reactions, demethylations, ring expansions, ring closures, and desaturations. Functionally, the αKG-dependent hydroxylases are comparable to cytochrome P450 enzymes.  Both use O2 and reducing equivalents as cosubstrates and both generate water.
Gaia DR3 2893941099963718528
Gaia DR3 2893941099963718528 is a blue straggler star in the constellation of Canis Major. The star is located in the open cluster designated NGC 2243, and it is approximately 11,900 light years (or 3,650 parsecs) away. It has an apparent G-band magnitude of 15.09. It was first discovered in August 2018 in the second data release of the Gaia Telescope.

Blue straggler
A blue straggler is a type of star that is more luminous and bluer than expected.  Typically identified in a stellar cluster, they have a higher effective temperature than the main sequence turnoff point for the cluster, where ordinary stars begin to evolve towards the red giant branch. Blue stragglers were first discovered by Allan Sandage in 1953 while performing photometry of the stars in the globular cluster M3.
Municipality of Isfahan
The Municipality of Isfahan is responsible for the management of the city of Isfahan, Isfahan Province, Iran. The highest-ranking official of this organization is the mayor of Isfahan, who is chosen by the Islamic City Council of Isfahan. The city of Isfahan has 15 administrative divisions and each division has its own mayor, who work under the mayor of Isfahan. The present mayor of Isfahan is Ali Ghasemzadeh.

Islamic City Council of Isfahan
The Islamic City Council of Isfahan (Persian: شورای اسلامی شهر اصفهان) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Isfahan and elects the Mayor of Isfahan in a mayor–council government system.
A Figure in Hiding
A Figure in Hiding is the sixteenth volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1937. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1965 by James D. Lawrence resulting in two different stories with the same title

Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a New York City-based publishing house founded in 1898.

The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of Penguin Random House through its subsidiary Penguin Group.

In recent years, through the Penguin Group, they have published approximately 170 titles a year, including licensed children's books for such properties as Miss Spider, Strawberry Shortcake, Super Why!, Charlie and Lola, Nova the Robot, Weebles, Bratz, The Wiggles, Sonic X, and Atomic Betty. Grosset & Dunlap also publishes Dick and Jane children's books and, through Platt & Munk, The Little Engine That Could.
Lamprothamnus
Lamprothamnus zanguebaricus is a species of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is the sole species in genus Lamprothamnus. It is a shrub or tree native to eastern Africa, ranging from southern Somalia to Kenya and Tanzania.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Gradoli
Gradoli (Central Italian: Gradele) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of Rome and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Viterbo.

Gradoli sits on a tuff hill in the Monti Volsini area, a few kilometers from the Lake Bolsena. It is home to a palace which was owned by the Farnese family; it was commissioned by Pope Paul III  to (allegedly) Antonio da Sangallo the Younger on the site of the medieval castle. Of the castle, only few traces remains, including a defensive tower, the entrance arch and few parts of the walls; its ditch has been now transformed into roads and squares. Sangallo also designed the nearby church of Santa Maria Maddalena.

Gradoli borders the following Comuni: Bolsena, Capodimonte, Grotte di Castro, Latera, Montefiascone, Onano, San Lorenzo Nuovo, Valentano.

Valentano
Valentano is a town and comune of the province of Viterbo, in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is 33 kilometres (21 mi) from the provincial capital, Viterbo.

The placename is of uncertain origin. Some identify the town with an Etruscan Verentum, others trace the name to ontano, Italian for alder, since alders cover the slopes of a nearby valley: Valle Ontano becoming Valentano.
Gmina Wińsko
Gmina Wińsko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wołów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Wińsko, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Wołów, and 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 249.54 square kilometres (96.3 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 8,316.

Wołów
Wołów [ˈvɔwuf] (German: Wohlau, Czech: Volov) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Wołów County and Gmina Wołów. As of 2019, the town has a population of 12,373. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area.
Experimental Lecture
Experimental Lecture is an English pornographic book privately printed and published in 1878-1879 by the pseudonym "Colonel Spanker" with a false date of 1836.The Colonel and his circle have a house in Park Lane where genteel young ladies are kidnapped, humiliated, and flagellated. Pisanus Fraxi (alias of Henry Spencer Ashbee) claims the book is "from the pen of its publisher," which is widely believed to be William Lazenby.

Fraxi describes it as "coldly cruel and unblushingly indecent"; Bloch describes it as "completely sadistic";  Simpson describes it as focussed on anti-female violence.

Humiliation
Humiliation is the abasement of pride, which creates mortification or leads to a state of being humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission. It is an emotion felt by a person whose social status, either by force or willingly, has just decreased. It can be brought about through intimidation, physical or mental mistreatment or trickery, or by embarrassment if a person is revealed to have committed a socially or legally unacceptable act. Whereas humility can be sought alone as a means to de-emphasize the ego, humiliation must involve other person(s), though not necessarily directly or willingly.

Humiliation is currently an active research topic, and is now seen as an important – and complex – core dynamic in human relationships, having implications at intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and international levels.
Amal Movement
The Amal Movement (Arabic: حركة أمل, romanized: Ḥarakat Amal, lit. 'Hope Movement') is a Lebanese political party and militia affiliated mainly with the Shia community of Lebanon. It was founded by Musa al-Sadr and Hussein el-Husseini in 1974 as the "Movement of the Deprived." The party has been led by Nabih Berri since 1980.

The Amal movement gained attention from Shia outcry after the disappearance of Musa al-Sadr and saw a renewal in popularity after the 1978 South Lebanon conflict with Israel. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 also provided momentum for the party. The Amal Movement is the largest predominantly Shia party in parliament, having fourteen representatives to Hezbollah's thirteen. Amal has an alliance with Hezbollah.

People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي  | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby), also known as the Armée populaire de libération (APL) in French or Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط | Quwwat al-Shahid Kamal Junblat), was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982 and its successor, the Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF) from 1983 to 1990.
Canada Lee
Leonard Lionel Cornelius Canegata (March 3, 1907 – May 9, 1952), known professionally as Canada Lee, was an American professional boxer and actor who pioneered roles for African Americans. After careers as a jockey, boxer and musician, he became an actor in the Federal Theatre Project, including the 1936 production of Macbeth adapted and directed by Orson Welles. Lee later starred in Welles's original Broadway production of Native Son (1941). A champion of civil rights in the 1930s and 1940s, Lee was blacklisted and died shortly before he was scheduled to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee. He advanced the African-American tradition in theatre pioneered by such actors as Paul Robeson. Lee is the father of actor Carl Lee.

Richard Wright (author)
Richard Nathaniel Wright (1908–1960), also known as Nathan Paul, was an American author of novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. Much of his literature concerns racial themes, especially related to the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid 20th centuries suffering discrimination and violence. His best known works include the novella collection Uncle Tom's Children (1938), the novel Native Son (1940), and the memoir Black Boy (1945). Literary critics believe his work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century.
Kamensky District, Altai Krai
Kamensky District (Russian: Ка́менский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the north of the krai and borders Krutikhinsky and Suzunsky Districts of Novosibirsk Oblast in the north, Shelabolikhinsky District in the east, Bayevsky and Tyumentsevsky Districts in the south, and Pankrushikhinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,666 square kilometers (1,415 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kamen-na-Obi. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 12,025.

Shelabolikhinsky District
Shelabolikhinsky District (Russian: Шелабо́лихинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the north of the krai. The area of the district is 2,510 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shelabolikha. Population:  13,678 (2010 census); 15,818 (2002 census); 15,535 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shelabolikha accounts for 29.3% of the district's total population.
Horst Mahler
Horst Mahler (German: [ˈhɔʁst ˈmaːlɐ]; 23 January 1936 – 27 July 2025) was a German lawyer and political activist. He was a far-left militant and a founding member of the Red Army Faction in 1970 before switching to neo-Nazism in the late 1990s. Between 2000 and 2003, he was a member of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany. From 2003, he was repeatedly convicted of Volksverhetzung ("incitement of popular hatred") and Holocaust denial, and he served much of a twelve-year prison sentence.

In April 2017, Mahler was ordered back to prison for a further three and a half years. On 18 April 2017, he fled Germany, hoping to avoid prison. His attempt to receive political asylum in Hungary was rejected, and he was deported back to Germany, where he was arrested and put back in jail to finish serving his sentence.

Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund
The Sozialistische Deutsche Studentenbund — the Socialist German Students' Union or Socialist German Students' League — was founded in 1946 in Hamburg, Germany, as the collegiate branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the 1950s, tensions between the SDS and the main party surfaced, particularly over the party's support of West Germany's rearming, until the SPD expelled all members of the SDS from the party in 1961.
1968 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
The 1968 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP), the United Press International (UPI), and the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) coaches (Coaches) as the best college football players by position in the Pac-8 during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season.

The 1968 USC Trojans football team won the Pac-8 championship, were ranked No. 2 in the final Coaches Poll, and placed eight players on the first team: quarterback Steve Sogge (AP-1, UPI-1, Coaches-1); running back O. J. Simpson (AP-1, UPI-1, Coaches-1); end Bob Klein (AP-1, UPI-1, Coaches-1); offensive tackle Sid Smith (AP-1, Coaches-1); offensive guards Fred Khasigian (AP-1, Coaches-1) and Steve Lehmer (UPI-1); defensive end Jimmy Gunn (AP-1, UPI-1, Coaches-1); and defensive back Mike Battle (UPI-1).

Sid Smith (offensive lineman)
Sidney Ercil Smith (born July 6, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Kansas City Chiefs and the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL). Smith was selected by the Chiefs in the first round of the 1970 NFL draft, the team's first pick since their alignment to the NFL. He played college football for the USC Trojans.
London Library
The London Library is an independent lending library in London, established in 1841. Membership is open to all, on payment of an annual subscription, with life and corporate memberships also available. As of December 2023 the Library had around 7,500 members.

The Library was founded on the initiative of Thomas Carlyle, who was dissatisfied with some of the policies at the British Museum Library. It is located at 14 St James's Square, in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, which has been its home since 1845.

T. S. Eliot, a long-serving president of the library, argued in July 1952 in an address to members that, "whatever social changes come about, the disappearance of the London Library would be a disaster to civilisation".

Library classification
A library classification is a system used within a library to organize materials, including books, sound and video recordings, electronic materials, etc., both on shelves and in catalogs and indexes. Each item is typically assigned a call number, which identifies the location of the item within the system. Materials can be arranged by many different factors, typically in either a hierarchical tree structure based on the subject or using a faceted classification system, which allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in many ways.
Winterburn
Winterburn is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8 km) south west of Grassington.

Winterburn Reservoir is located about a mile from the village, which is situated on Winterburn Beck, the reservoir's outlet.

Friars Head Hall lies in the village, on a site formerly occupied by a grange of Furness Abbey.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Craven District
Craven was a non-metropolitan district in the west of North Yorkshire, England, centred on the market town of Skipton. The name Craven is much older than the modern district and encompassed a larger area. This history is also reflected in the way the term is still commonly used, such as by the Church of England.

From 1974 until 2023, the name Craven was used for a separate local government district, formed originally as the merger of Skipton urban district, Settle Rural District and most of Skipton Rural District; all were historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Since 1 April 2023, the area has formed part of the new North Yorkshire Council unitary authority. The population of the Local Authority area at the 2011 Census was 55,409; it comprised the upper reaches of Airedale, Wharfedale, Ribblesdale, and includes most of the Aire Gap and Craven Basin.
Death in Norse paganism
Death in Norse paganism was associated with diverse customs and beliefs that varied with time, location and social group, and did not form a structured, uniform system. After the funeral, the individual could go to a range of afterlives including Valhalla (a hall ruled by Odin for the warrior elite who die in battle), Fólkvangr (ruled over by Freyja), Hel (a realm for those who die of natural causes), and living on physically in the landscape. These afterlives show blurred boundaries and exist alongside a number of minor afterlives that may have been significant in Nordic paganism. The dead were also seen as being able to bestow land fertility, often in return for votive offerings, and knowledge, either willingly or after coercion. Many of these beliefs and practices continued in altered forms after the Christianisation of the Germanic peoples in folk belief.

Draugr
In Nordic folklore, the draugr, or draug (Old Norse: draugr; Icelandic: draugur; Faroese: dreygur; Norwegian: draug, drauv; Swedish: drög, dröger; Northern Sami: rávga), is an old archaic term for a malevolent revenant with varying ambiguous traits. In modern times, they are often portrayed as Norse supernatural zombies, loosely based on the draugr as described in early medieval Icelandic sagas. However, in myth and folklore, they comprise several complex ideas which change from story to story, especially in surviving Norwegian folklore, where the draugr remains a staple – see § Norwegian folklore.

In the Icelandic sagas, from which most modern interest is garnered, draugs live in their graves or royal palaces, often guarding treasure buried in their burial mound. They are revenants, or animated corpses, rather than ghosts, which possess intangible spiritual bodies.
Megumi Harada
Megumi Harada is a mathematician who works as a professor in the department of mathematics and statistics at McMaster University, where she holds a tier-two Canada Research Chair in Equivariant Symplectic and Algebraic Geometry.

Symplectic geometry
Symplectic geometry is a branch of differential geometry and differential topology that studies symplectic manifolds; that is, differentiable manifolds equipped with a closed, nondegenerate 2-form. Symplectic geometry has its origins in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics where the phase space of certain classical systems takes on the structure of a symplectic manifold.
Taurus Express
The Taurus Express (Turkish: Toros Ekspresi) is a passenger train named after the Taurus Mountains in Southern Turkey. It was launched in 1930 by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits and originally connected Istanbul with Aleppo, Tripoli, Lebanon (for connections to Palestine) and Nusaybin (for connections to Iraq). The Taurus Express provided connection to the Orient Express in Istanbul. Overland travel from Western Europe to Near East became possible with the same level of comfort and quality throughout the trip. As of 2024 a service with this name is operated daily by TCDD Transport running wholly within Turkey between Konya and Adana.

Baghdad Central Station
Baghdad Central Station or Baghdad International Station is the main train station in Baghdad. It links the rail network to the south and the north of Iraq. The station was built by the British and designed by J. M. Wilson, a Scot who had been an assistant to Lutyens in New Delhi and who subsequently set up a practice of his own in Baghdad. It has been described as the "Crown Jewel" of Baghdad by the BBC. Construction started in 1948 and finished in 1953. The station is the biggest one in Iraq. It was renovated during the American occupation of Iraq in the 2000s.
Löwenburg and Philippsburg
On a hill spur above the Eifel village of Monreal in Germany's Elzbach valley, at a height of 350 m above sea level (NHN), stand two neighbouring ruined hill castles: the Löwenburg, also called Monreal Castle (German: Burg Monreal), and the Philippsburg. The latter is also known locally as das Rech (the Deer).

German Castles Association
The German Castles Association (German: Deutsche Burgenvereinigung) or DBV is dedicated to the conservation of historic defensive and residential buildings as witnesses of history and culture and has its headquarters at Marksburg Castle above Braubach on the Rhine. It owns the organisation known as the European Castles Institute (Europäisches Burgeninstitut) or (EBI) whose library and archives are housed in Philippsburg Palace in Braubach.
Magical Girl Friendship Squad
Magical Girl Friendship Squad is an American adult animated magical girl sitcom created by Kelsey Stephanides and starring Anna Akana and Quinta Brunson. It follows two directionless young women named Alex and Daisy, who must figure out how to save the universe using the superpowers bestowed upon them. The first season of the series, consisting of six 11-minute episodes, premiered on Syfy's late night programming block TZGZ on September 26, 2020.

Broad City
Broad City is an American television sitcom created by and starring Ilana Glazer and Abbi Jacobson. It was developed from their independent web series of the same name, which was produced between 2009 and 2011. The sitcom, like the web series, is based on Glazer and Jacobson's real-life friendship, and their attempt to "make it" in New York. The sitcom premiered on Comedy Central on January 22, 2014, and aired for five seasons, ending on March 28, 2019. The show received critical acclaim throughout its run and has been ranked among the best television shows of the 2010s.