hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Centaurus X-3
Centaurus X-3 (4U 1118–60) is an X-ray pulsar with a period of 4.84 seconds. It was the first X-ray pulsar to be discovered, and the third X-ray source to be discovered in the constellation Centaurus. The system consists of a neutron star orbiting a massive, O-type supergiant star dubbed Krzemiński's star /(k)ʃɛˈmɪnskiz/ after its discoverer, Wojciech Krzemiński. Matter is being accreted from the star onto the neutron star, resulting in X-ray emission.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Qtopia Sydney
Qtopia Sydney is a museum and cultural centre located in Sydney, Australia, dedicated to preserving and celebrating LGBTQIA+ history and culture. It is the largest queer museum in Australia and forms part of a global network of queer museums and archives. Notable institutions in this network include the Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay and Lesbian Art in New York, Schwule Museum in Berlin, Queer Britain in London, the Queer Museum in Vienna, the Tucson Gay Museum in Arizona, and the GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco. It is also associated with archival institutions such as IHLIA LGBTI Heritage in Amsterdam, the ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives in Los Angeles, the Centrum Schwule Geschichte in Cologne, and the Forum Queeres Archiv München.

Centrum Schwule Geschichte
Centrum Schwule Geschichte e. V. (meaning: Gay History Centre), abbreviated CSG, is a German "LGBTQ" organization based in Cologne (Köln). The organisation was established in 1984 and maintains an office in the district of Kalk; its predecessor were the Rheinisches Schwulenarchiv and the Arbeitskreis schwule Geschichte.
Victory Christian School (Williamstown, New Jersey)
Victory Christian School was a private Christian school located in the Williamstown section of Monroe Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The school was coeducational and Baptist-affiliated, serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. The school colors were royal blue and gold, and its athletic teams were known as the "Warriors". The school was a member of the American Association of Christian Schools (AACS).

As of the 2009–10 school year, the school had 119 students (in K-12, plus 6 in Pre-Kindergarten) and 19.5 faculty members (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.1:1.

Williamstown, New Jersey
Williamstown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Monroe Township in Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 U.S. census, Williamstown's population was 15,567.
Phymateus aegrotus
Phymateus aegrotus, sometimes called the blue bush locust or East African bush locust, is a pest species of grasshopper in the family Pyrgomorphidae.  Unlike "locusts" the adults are not known to change their morphology on crowding, but at the hopper stage, marching behaviour of small bands may occur.

Pyrgomorphidae
Pyrgomorphidae is a family of grasshoppers in the order Orthoptera; it is the only family in the superfamily Pyrgomorphoidea. Pyrgomorphidae are found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions (though none are from US mainland), but the vast majority of the family's approximately 500 species are from Africa, Asia and Australia. Their name is probably derived from pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος) meaning "tower": a reference to the form (morph) of the head in the type genus Pyrgomorpha and other genera.

They may sometimes be known as "gaudy grasshoppers", due to the striking, bright aposematic colouration of a number of genera, warning of their toxicity. However, about 90% of the species in the family are harmless and well-camouflaged, with a few, notably Sphenarium, even caught for human consumption.
Regional Council of Valparaíso
The Regional Council of the Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Consejo Regional de la Región de Valparaíso), commonly known as CORE Valparaíso, is the regional council of the Valparaíso Region in Chile. It serves as the normative, decision-making, and oversight body within the scope of the Regional Government of Valparaíso and is responsible for ensuring citizen participation at the regional level and exercising the powers conferred upon it by the relevant organic constitutional law. Its headquarters are located in the city of Valparaíso.

The council is composed of 28 councillors elected by direct universal suffrage from the region's provinces. Councillors serve four-year terms and may be re-elected for a maximum of two additional terms. Until 2021, the council elected a president from among its members by absolute majority; following a constitutional reform enacted in 2020, the presidency of the regional council is held by law by the Regional Governor.

Valparaíso Region
The Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Región de Valparaíso, pronounced [valpaɾaˈiso]) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. With the country's second-highest population of 1,896,053 as of 2024, and fourth-smallest area of 16,396.1 km2 (6,331 sq mi), the region is Chile's second most densely populated after the Santiago Metropolitan Region to the southeast. The region also includes Chile's remote islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Rapa Nui and the Juan Fernandez Islands.

Its capital is the port city of Valparaíso; other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, San Felipe, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio.
Comparison of DOS operating systems
This article details versions of MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS, and at least partially compatible disk operating systems. It does not include the many other operating systems called "DOS" which are unrelated to IBM PC compatibles.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
XBRL assurance
XBRL assurance is the auditor's opinion on whether a financial statement or other business report published in XBRL, is relevant, accurate, complete, and fairly presented. An XBRL report is an electronic file and called instance in XBRL terminology.

IFAC and other accounting organizations are discussing the topic to decide on a common approach and XBRL auditing standards. The auditor may give assurance to an XBRL financial statement, an XBRL business report and XBRL real-time reporting (often referred to as continuous reporting). The short term focus is on XBRL financial statements and regulatory reports, while the future focus is expected to be more on real-time reporting.

Auditor
An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit. To act as an auditor, a person should be certified by the regulatory authority of accounting and auditing or possess certain specified qualifications. Generally, to act as an external auditor of the company, a person should have a certificate of practice from the regulatory authority.
Pachymetoides
Pachymetoides is a monotypic moth genus in the family Lasiocampidae described by Strand in 1912. Its single species, Pachymetoides stigmatica, described by the same author in the same year, is found in Gabon and Nigeria.

Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occur worldwide, and probably not all have been named or studied. It is the sole family in superfamily Lasiocampoidea.
Suma Park Dam
Suma Park Dam is a concrete arch dam across the Summer Hill Creek in the central west region of New South Wales, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is to supply potable water to the city of Orange. The impounded reservoir is called Suma Park Reservoir.

Central West (New South Wales)
The Central West is a region in central New South Wales, Australia. The region stretches from Lithgow in the east and to as far west as Lake Cargelligo, on the Lachlan River. The Central West is known for its attractions such as the Jenolan Caves, near Oberon and also wineries, as well as rural farmland and natural landscapes. The region includes major towns like Bathurst, Orange, Mudgee, Lithgow, Parkes and Cowra. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 sq mi). The region also includes the sub-region known as the Central Tablelands, located in the eastern part of the region. The region known as the Orana, which includes the area surrounding Dubbo is typically classed as being a part of the Central West also.

Major population and service centres in the Central West include Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee, Orange, and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University, and Lithgow housing the University of Notre Dame Regional Clinical School.
North of England Education Conference
The North of England Education Conference (NEEC) was the UK’s biggest annual education conference. The first Conference took place in Manchester in 1903. The event provided an opportunity for senior decision makers in education, Children’s Services, the public sector, associated agencies and organisations to meet and consider the latest thinking and legislation affecting children and young people. In recent years the scope of the conference had expanded to encompass the broader children’s services agenda.

Despite the conference name, delegates attended from across the UK and beyond. In recent years the conference took place outside of the North of England, including Belfast and Cardiff.
In 2015 the conference was to be hosted in Manchester between 14–16 January, but was cancelled and has not been held since.

Estelle Morris
Estelle Morris, Baroness Morris of Yardley, PC (born 17 June 1952), is a British politician and life peer who served as Secretary of State for Education and Skills from 2001 to 2002. A member of the Labour Party, she was Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Yardley from 1992 to 2005.

As Education Secretary, she is known for removing compulsory modern languages from secondary schools in England in 2002.
Neolamarckia
Neolamarckia is a genus with one or two species of trees native to the Old World tropics. It has often been confused with other genera, particularly Nauclea and Neonauclea to such an extent that descriptions of Neolamarckia may state incorrectly that its fruit is a capsule.

Nauclea
Nauclea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The species are evergreen trees or shrubs that are native to the paleotropics. The terminal vegetative buds are usually strongly flattened. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words naus, meaning "ship" and kleio, meaning "to close". It refers to the resemblance of the cells of the capsule to a ship's hull.
Cardoen EC-2 mine
The Cardoen EC-2 mine is a Chilean directional fragmentation anti-personnel mine. It is broadly similar to the United States M18 Claymore mine.

The mine consists of a convex rectangular plastic main body, supported by two pairs of scissor type legs. On the top of the mine is a simple blade type peep sight, on either side of which are two fuze wells that accept Number 8 detonators. The front face of the main is a pre-grooved steel plate, which produces a large number fragments when the mine is detonated. The fragments are projected in a sixty degree arc out to a maximum range of 250 meters, with a lethal range of around sixteen meters.

The mine is in service with the Chilean armed forces.

Claymore mine
The Claymore mine is a directional anti-personnel mine developed for the United States Armed Forces, invented by Norman MacLeod. Unlike a conventional land mine, the Claymore may be command-detonated (fired by remote-control), and is directional, shooting a wide pattern of metal balls into a kill zone. The Claymore can also be activated by a booby-trap tripwire firing system for use in area denial operations.

The Claymore fires steel balls out to about 300 ft (100 m) within a 60° arc in front of the device. It is used primarily in ambushes and as an anti-infiltration device against enemy infantry. It is also used against unarmored vehicles.

Many countries have developed and used mines like the Claymore. Examples include models MON-50, MON-90, MON-100, and MON-200 introduced by the Soviet Union and used by its successor Russia, as well as MRUD (Serbia), MAPED F1 (France), and Mini MS-803 (South Africa).
Carlo de Fornaro
Carlo de Fornaro (sometimes spelled Carlo di Fornaro) (1872–1949) was an artist, caricaturist, writer, humorist, and revolutionary.

His work is in the collection of the US National Gallery of Art and Harvard's Fogg Art Museum. His caricatures have been compared to those of Sem, Leonetto Cappiello, and Carlo Pellegrini.

His 1902 book Millionaires of America contains color caricatures of the captains of American industry.

National Arts Club
The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the New York Times, to "stimulate, foster, and promote public interest in the arts and to educate people in the fine arts." The National Arts Club has several art galleries, and hosts a variety of public programs in all artistic areas including theater, dance, fashion, literature and music, and more. Although the club is private, all of its programming and exhibitions are free and open to the public.
Mark Miodownik
Mark Andrew Miodownik MBE FREng (/ˌmiːəˈdɒvnɪk/) is a British materials scientist, engineer, broadcaster and writer at University College London. Previously, he was the head of the Materials Research Group at King's College London, and a co-founder of Materials Library.

Royal Institution Christmas Lectures
The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures are a series of lectures on a single topic each, which have been held at the Royal Institution in London each year since 1825. The lectures present scientific subjects to a general audience, including young people, in an informative and entertaining manner. Michael Faraday conceived and initiated the Christmas Lecture series in 1825, at a time when organised education for young people was scarce. Many of the Christmas Lectures were published.
1991 Tour de Suisse
The 1991 Tour de Suisse was the 55th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 18 June to 28 June 1991. The race started in St. Gallen and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Luc Roosen of the Tulip team.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
Ryvingen Peak
Ryvingen Peak (72°55′S 3°29′W﻿ / ﻿72.917°S 3.483°W﻿ / -72.917; -3.483) is a rock peak 3 nautical miles (6 km) west-southwest of Brapiggen Peak, on the southern side of Borg Massif in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and named Ryvingen.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ryvingen Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Borg Massif
Borg Massif is a mountain massif, about 50 km (30 mi) long and with summits above 2,700 metres (8,900 ft), situated along the northwest side of the Penck Trough in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. The tallest peak, at 2,727 metres (8,947 ft), is Hogsaetet Mountain. The parallel, ice-filled Raudberg Valley and Frostlendet Valley trend northeastward through the massif, dividing its summits into three rough groups:
Play-offs to the Norwegian First Division
The Playoffs to the 1. divisjon in Norwegian association football took place from 1996 up to and including the 2000 season.

The playoffs were instituted because of the streamlining of the 1. divisjon ahead of the 1997 season. It was reduced from two groups to one, and thus, not all winners of the 2. divisjon groups could be promoted.

From the 2001 season, the 2. divisjon got four groups instead of eight, meaning that each of the four group winners was promoted.

A playoff system was re-introduced in the 2017 Norwegian Second Division season. The winners of the two groups are automatically promoted to First Division, while the 2nd-placed teams enter the playoff. The two 2nd-placed teams play a double leg, the winner of which plays against the 14th-placed team in the First Division, the winner of which gets promoted to or stays in First Division.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.
3 Mustaphas 3
3 Mustaphas 3 is a British world music band formed in 1982. Its core members are Ben Mandelson (under the name Hijaz Mustapha), Tim Fienburgh (1954–2008) (under the name Niaveti III), Colin Bass (under the name Sabah Habas Mustapha), and Nigel Watson (under the name Houzam Mustapha), around which orbit many other Mustaphas – all supposed to be the nephews of Uncle Patrel Mustapha (Lu Edmonds). They claim to originate from the Balkans, but play music from various parts of the world. Their slogan, "Forward in all directions!", is an expression of this musical diversity. Active at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, they have now stopped producing and performing together, but haven't officially disbanded.

Bağlama
The bağlama or saz is a family of plucked string instruments and long-necked lutes used in Asia, Central-Asia, Caucasus, Anatolia, Levant, Thrace, Balkans and Europe. It is commonly used in Iranian, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Turkish Folk Music. It is a common instrument among Turkic people and a notable instrument of traditional folk artists like ashiks and ozans. It is both used as a solo instrument to play songs and to accompany türkü, traditional folk songs.
Carex atherodes
Carex atherodes is a species of sedge known by the common name wheat sedge. It is native to Eurasia and much of North America including most of Canada and the United States. It is a very common wetland plant across the American Midwest and areas west. It grows in moist and wet habitat, such as marshes and moist prairie land, and it may grow in shallow water. This sedge produces triangular, hollow stems 30 to 120 centimeters tall. The leaves are hairy, especially on the lower parts, and the leaf sheath is tinted with reddish purple. The inflorescence is up to 60 centimeters long and made up of several spikes; those spikes near the tip are usually staminate, and those lower in the inflorescence are usually pistillate. The tip of each fruit has two or more long, thin teeth.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Umutara Polytechnic
Umutara Polytechnic (UP) was a higher education institution in Rwanda. Founded in 2004, was located in the city of Nyagatare, capital of Nyagatare district in Eastern Province, Rwanda.

UP started its first academic year on 2 May 2006 with 265 students and 16 staff. It was organized into faculties of Agriculture, Commerce and Applied Economics, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Veterinary Science.
On 28 August 2008, Umutara Polytechnic was declared as a public institution of higher learning by a cabinet meeting chaired by the President of the Republic of Rwanda.

Eastern Province, Rwanda
Eastern Province ( in Kinyarwanda: Intara y'Iburasirazuba; French: Province de l'Est; Dutch: Oostelijke Provincie) is the largest, the most populous and the least densely populated of Rwanda's five provinces. It was created in early January 2006 as part of a government decentralization program that re-organized the country's local government structures.

It has seven districts: Bugesera, Gatsibo, Kayonza, Ngoma, Kirehe, Nyagatare and Rwamagana. The capital city of the Eastern Province is Rwamagana.

The Eastern Province comprises the former provinces of Kibungo and Umutara, most of Kigali Rural, and part of Byumba.

The Akagera National Park is situated is this province.
Mycobacterium elephantis
Mycobacterium elephantis, a bacterium of the family Mycobacteriaceae, was discovered and isolated from a deceased elephant near India and may be linked to respiratory dysfunction. Organisms in the genus Mycobacterium are known to be aerobic and non-motile. Organisms within Mycobacterium belong to either the rapid growing group (Organismal growth under seven days) or the slow growing group. M. elephantis is classified as a rapid grower and relates most closely to Mycobacterium confluentis and Mycobacterium phlei.

Löwenstein–Jensen medium
Löwenstein–Jensen medium, more commonly known as LJ medium, is a growth medium specially used for culture of Mycobacterium species, notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

When grown on LJ medium, M. tuberculosis appears as brown, granular colonies (sometimes called "buff, rough and tough"). The medium must be incubated for a significant length of time, usually four weeks, due to the slow doubling time of M. tuberculosis (15–20 hours) compared with other bacteria.

The medium is named after the Austrian pathologist Ernst Löwenstein (1878–1950) and the Danish medical doctor Kai Adolf Jensen (16.7.1894-2.5.1971).