hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila)
The Church of the Virgin Mary in Haret Zuweila (also transliterated as Haret Zeweila; ḥaret zuwēla) is the oldest church in the district of Haret Zuweila, near the Fatimid section of Cairo. It was probably built around the AD 10th century, though it is first mentioned in writing in the early 12th century on the occasion of the consecration of the new bishop of Cairo under Macarius' Papacy. The Church of the Virgin Mary in Haret Zuweila was the seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria from c. 1400 AD to 1520 AD.

Coptic art
Coptic art is the Christian art of the Byzantine-Greco-Roman Egypt and of Coptic Christian Churches. Coptic art is best known for its wall-paintings, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, and metalwork, much of which survives in monasteries and churches. The artwork is often functional, as little distinction was drawn between artistry and craftsmanship, and includes tunics and tombstones as well as portraits of saints.
The Coptic Museum in Coptic Cairo houses some of the world's most important examples of Coptic art.
Product differentiation
In economics, strategic management and marketing, product differentiation (or simply "differentiation") is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as from a firm's other products. The concept was proposed by Edward Chamberlin in his 1933 book, The Theory of Monopolistic Competition.

There are three types of product differentiation:

Horizontal differentiation: Based on a single product characteristic which is subjectively evaluated by consumers

Vertical differentiation: Based on a single product characteristic which can be objectively evaluated by consumers

Mixed differentiation: A combination of horizontal and vertical differentiation factors.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.
Smooth (Florida Georgia Line song)
"Smooth" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It was released as the fourth and final single from the duo's third studio album, Dig Your Roots. The song was written by members Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley with Nicolle Galyon and Jordan Schmidt. The duo's fourth headlining concert tour, the Smooth Tour, also takes its title from this song.

Jordan Schmidt
Jordan Schmidt is an American mixing engineer, record producer, and songwriter. His portfolio covers musical styles including pop, country, rock, and alternative.

Schmidt was born in Duluth, Minnesota to local musicians. He started recording and mixing musicians from the area while in high school. He honed his engineering and mixing skills in Maryland with producer Matt Squire. In 2006, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he mixed and produced local musicians, including his older brother, Dane Schmidt.

In 2012, Schmidt moved to Nashville, Tennessee and entered a publishing agreement with Tree Vibez Music in 2015, focusing on writing songs. Schmidt penned the 2016 country rock song "Lights Come On", recorded by Jason Aldean, which reached number one on the Billboard charts. The song was awarded Gold certification by the RIAA on January 31, 2017. As a writer or co-writer, he has had six more songs reach number-one since.
Billy Gillispie
Billy Clyde Gillispie (/ɡɪˈlɪspi/ ghih-LIS-pee; born November 7, 1959), also known by his initials BCG and Billy Clyde, is an American college basketball and current men's basketball coach at Tarleton State. Gillispie had previously been head coach at UTEP, Texas A&M, Kentucky, and Texas Tech.

After leading both UTEP and Texas A&M to postseason appearances one year after poor seasons, Gillispie became the only college basketball coach to be in charge of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) program with the biggest turnaround in two consecutive seasons. Gillispie was known as an excellent recruiter who managed to put together four straight top-25 recruiting classes. In his three seasons at Texas A&M, the Aggies achieved three consecutive 20-win seasons for the first time in the program's history.

Franklin County, Kentucky
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,541, making it the second-least populous capital county in the United States after Hughes County, South Dakota. Its county seat is Frankfort, the state capital. The county was formed in 1795 from parts of Woodford, Mercer and Shelby counties, and was named after the American inventor and statesman Benjamin Franklin.
Franklin County is part of the Frankfort, Kentucky Micropolitan Statistical Area. It shares a name with Franklin County in Ohio, where Columbus is located. This makes it one of two pairs of capital cities in counties of the same name, along with Marion Counties in Oregon and Indiana.
Central Sierra Miwok
Central Sierra Miwok is a Miwok language spoken in California, in the upper Stanislaus and Tuolumne valleys. Today it is spoken by the Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California, a federally recognized tribe of Central Sierra Miwoks. As of 2012, an active revitalization program is underway in the Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians.

Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California
The Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of Miwok people in Tuolumne County, California. The Chicken Ranch Rancheria Miwok are central Sierra Miwok, an Indigenous people of California.
Osmanbey
Osmanbey is one of the four neighbourhoods (together with Teşvikiye, Maçka and Pangaltı) within the Nişantaşı quarter of the Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.
Osmanbey is also home to the Beth Israel Synagogue built in 1940. The Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was murdered outside the office of Agos Newspaper in Osmanbey in 2007.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.
NGC 7292
NGC 7292 is a barred irregular galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 652±24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 31.4 ± 2.5 Mly (9.62 ± 0.76 Mpc). However, six non-redshift measurements give a larger mean distance of 38.55 ± 4.13 Mly (11.820 ± 1.266 Mpc). It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 29 August 1872.

NGC 7292 has a possible active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
St. Louis Senior High School (Ghana)
St. Louis Senior High School is a Ghanaian educational institution for girls in the Oduom suburb of Kumasi in the Ashanti Region. It is the first girls' School in Ghana, founded by the sisters of the sacred Heart of Jesus in 1949.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Trapezites praxedes
Trapezites praxedes, commonly known as the southern silver ochre or praxedes skipper, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is endemic to Australia, where it occurs in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Franconian War
The Franconian War (German: Fränkische Krieg) was waged in 1523 when the  Swabian League attacked several robber baron castles in Franconia, whose nobles were supporters of Hans Thomas of Absberg in the Absberg Feud.

Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (German: Hochstift Bamberg) was an ecclesiastical State of the Holy Roman Empire. It goes back to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bamberg established at the 1007 synod in Frankfurt, at the behest of King Henry II to further expand the spread of Christianity in the Franconian lands. The bishops obtained the status of Imperial immediacy about 1245 and ruled their estates as Prince-bishops until they were subsumed to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of the German Mediatisation in 1802.
Sardar Ajit Singh
Sardar Ajit Singh Sandhu (23 February 1881 – 15 August 1947) was an Indian revolutionary and nationalist during the time of British rule in India and known for his role in organising agitations against anti-farmer laws known as the Punjab Colonisation Act (Amendment) 1906. He led the Pagri Sambhal Jatta Movement and was exiled to Mandalay jail in Burma in 1907 with Lala Lajpat Rai. An inspiration to his nephew Bhagat Singh, Ajit Singh spent 38 years in exile, continuing his revolutionary activities abroad. He died on 15 August 1947, the day India gained independence.

Dalhousie, India
Dalhousie (Hindi pronunciation: [ɖəlɦɔːziː]) is a hill station, near town of Chamba in Chamba district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated on five hills and has an elevation of 1,970 m (6,460 ft) above sea level. It is 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Khajjiar and 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Chamba town.
Strini Moodley
Strinivasa Rajoo "Strini" Moodley (29 October 1946 – 27 April 2006) was a founding member of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa with Steve Biko and Aubrey Mokoape, among others. In 1976, he was convicted of terrorism in a trial involving members of the South African Students' Organisation and the Black People's Convention, and imprisoned on Robben Island.

He became deputy news editor at the Natal Witness. Upon release from Robben island in 1982, Strini delivered a paper on The State of the Oppressed at the Black Consciousness Movement organized Forum in Hammanskraal. He was then Publicity Secretary of the Azanian People's Organisation.

Black People's Convention
The Black People's Convention (BPC) was a national coordinating body for the Black Consciousness movement of South Africa. Envisaged as a broad-based counterpart to the South African Students' Organisation, the BPC was active in organising resistance to apartheid from its establishment in 1972 until it was banned in late 1977.
TGV world speed record
The TGV (train à grande vitesse, 'high-speed train') holds a series of land speed records for rail vehicles achieved  by SNCF, the French national railway, and its industrial partners.  The high-speed trials are intended to expand the limits of high-speed rail technology, increasing speed and comfort without compromising safety.

The current world speed record for a commercial train on steel wheels is held by the French TGV at 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph), achieved on 3 April 2007 on the new LGV Est.

SNCF TGV Sud-Est
The SNCF TGV Sud-Est is a retired French high speed TGV train built by Alstom and Francorail-MTE and operated by SNCF, the French national railway company. A total of 111 trainsets were built between 1978 and 1988 for the first TGV service in France between Paris and Lyon which opened in 1981. The trainsets were semi-permanently coupled, consisting of two power cars (locomotives) and eight articulated passenger carriages, ten in the case of the tri-voltage sets. The trains were named after the Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud-Est (lit. 'Southeast high-speed line') that they first operated on. They were also referred to as TGV-PSE, an abbreviation of Paris Sud-Est.
Terek Pass
Terek Pass (elevation 3,710 m / 12,172 ft.) is a year-round pass in the Alay Mountains in the Osh oblast of Kyrgyzstan. It was historically the principal pass to enter the Tarim Basin from West Turkestan. It is also known as Terek-Davan, Terek-Dawan, and Terek-Bavan pass.

Terek Pass lies on the principal medieval trading route from Kashgar, via Irkeshtam and Osh, to Ferghana and Samarkand.

Marco Polo crossed the pass to enter China, and it was used by Genghis Khan to enter central Asia.

Erkeshtam
Erkeshtam, called Irkeshtam in Chinese and Dungan, or Erkech-Tam in Uyghur and Kyrgyz, is a border crossing between Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang, China, named after a village on the Kyrgyz side of the border in southern Osh Region. The border crossing is also called Simuhana (斯姆哈纳), after the first settlement on the Chinese side of the border, but Erkeshtam is now the more common name used in both countries.

Erkeshtam is the westernmost border crossing in China. It is one of two border crossings between Kyrgyzstan and China, the other being Torugart, some 165 km (103 mi) to the northeast.
Taihu, Beijing
Taihu Town (simplified Chinese: 台湖镇; traditional Chinese: 臺湖鎮; pinyin: Táihú Zhèn) is a town located in the west side of Tongzhou District, Beijing, China. It shares borders with Dougezhuang, Heizhuanghu Townships and Liyuan Town in the north, Zhangjiawan Town in the east, Majuqiao Town in the south, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area in the southwest, Yizhuang Town and Shibalidian Township in the northwest. In 2020, population of the town was 151,735.

The name Taihu (Chinese: 台湖; pinyin: Táihú; lit. 'Tai Lake') comes from Tai Lake within the town, which was formed during the Liao dynasty.

Tongzhou, Beijing
Tongzhou (Chinese: 通州; pinyin: Tōngzhōu), historically romanized as Tong-Choo-Foo in 18th-century British accounts,
is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi), or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
Pusti Gradec
Pusti Gradec (pronounced [ˈpuːsti ˈɡɾaːdəts], often Pusti Gradac, German: Oedengraz) is a small settlement east of Dragatuš in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to All Saints and belongs to the parish of Dragatuš. It is a single-naved building with a three-sided apse. The date 1638 appears on its portal.

Dragatuš
Dragatuš (pronounced [dɾaɡaˈtuːʃ], German: Dragatusch) is a village south of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22
The New Zealand cricket team toured Pakistan in September and October 2021, and were scheduled to play three One Day International (ODI) and five Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. It was New Zealand's first tour of Pakistan since 2003. However, on the morning of the first ODI match, New Zealand Cricket (NZC) raised a security alert with the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) and the Pakistan Government, which resulted in the entire tour being called off.

In December 2021, both cricket boards agreed to play a set of extra fixtures in Pakistan in April 2023 to make up for the postponed tour, following New Zealand's tour of Pakistan in December 2022.

New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04
The New Zealand cricket team toured Pakistan in November to December 2003 and played a five-match One Day International (ODI) series against the Pakistan cricket team. Pakistan won the series 5–0. New Zealand were captained by Chris Cairns and Pakistan by Inzamam-ul-Haq.
Sarabi dog
The Sarabi dog or Iranian mastiff (Persian: سرآبی) is a large breed of livestock guardian dog named after and originating from the Sarab County in Iran. Sarabi dogs have been used for centuries to protect herds from Syrian brown bear, Indian wolf, golden jackal, striped hyena, Persian leopard the largest leopard subspecies, and the extinct Caspian tiger. The Sarabi mastiff is calm, controlled, independent, powerful and protective; the breed is also used to compete in staged dog fights and as a hunting dog. The breed is considered one of the oldest and most powerful indigenous dog breeds in Iran; the larger and heavier an individual dog is, the greater its value.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.
The Cost of Silence
The Cost of Silence is an American documentary film that premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival on January 30, 2020. It runs for 84 minutes and was directed and produced by Mark Manning.

The film is about the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon Drilling accident, and looks at the dangers of offshore drilling. Manning is a former deep-sea oilfield diver turned filmmaker and offers a unique perspective. Reviewers note that The Cost of Silence is well-researched and thorough.

The footage was filmed over nine years and Manning depicts a public health crisis involving the dispersants used to break the oil up. The public health impacts from Deepwater continue to be felt in the region today. Director of Photography Aaron Reuben also described the dangers involved with filming The Cost of Silence as far beyond the typical hazards, given the filming environment.

Deepwater Horizon explosion
On April 20, 2010, an explosion and fire occurred on the Deepwater Horizon semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling unit, which was owned and operated by Transocean and drilling for BP in the Macondo Prospect oil field about 40 miles (64 km) southeast off the Louisiana coast. The explosion and subsequent fire resulted in the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon and the deaths of 11 workers; 17 others were injured. The same blowout that caused the explosion also caused an oil well fire and a massive offshore oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest accidental marine oil spill of all time, and the largest environmental disaster in United States history.
Lake Kaiwai
Lake Kaiwai is an alluvial lake in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It is drained by Terewatoa Stream, in the Kawakawa River catchment, and is part of Te Ahu Ahu wetlands.

The threatened bird species kōtātā (fernbird) and spotless crake (pūweto) live in the wetland.

The Kauri Timber Company had a tramway near the lake for hauling out kauri logs to the nearby Okaihau branch railway.

Okaihau Branch
The Okaihau Branch, sometimes known as the Kaikohe Branch and rarely the Rangiahua Branch, was a branch line railway that joined the North Auckland Line of the national rail network of New Zealand at Otiria. It was the most northerly line in New Zealand and was intended to run all the way to Kaitaia. It opened to Ōkaihau in 1923 and closed in 1987.
La Villette, Seine
La Villette (French pronunciation: [la vilɛt] ⓘ) was a French commune (municipality) in the Seine département lying immediately north-east of Paris. It was one of four communes entirely annexed by the city of Paris in 1859. Its territory is now located in the 19th arrondissement, but a neighborhood has retained its name: the Quartier de la Villette and the Parc de la Villette.

A Gallo-Roman village stood here along the Roman road that led north from Lutetia.  About 1198 the district was named the Villa Nova Sancti Lazari, in French Ville Neuf Saint-Ladre, the "new village of Saint-Ladre", which referred to the leper hospice dedicated to the lepers' patron Saint Lazare (Ladre); it became Villette-Saint-Ladre-lez-Paris in a document of 1426.

In 1790, the Constituent Assembly of Revolutionary France raised the hamlet to the status of a commune.

Parc de la Villette
The Parc de la Villette (French pronunciation: [paʁk də la vilɛt]) is the third-largest park in Paris,  55.5 hectares (137 acres) in area, located at the northeastern edge of the city in the 19th arrondissement. The park houses one of the largest concentrations of cultural venues in Paris, including the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (City of Science and Industry, Europe's largest science museum), three major concert venues, and the prestigious Conservatoire de Paris.

Parc de la Villette is served by Paris Métro stations Corentin Cariou on Line 7 and Porte de Pantin on Line 5.