hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aberdeen doctors
The Aberdeen doctors or doctors of Aberdeen were six divines working at Marischal College and King's College in Aberdeen, Scotland in the seventeenth century. Until 1635, they enjoyed the leadership of Patrick Forbes, Bishop of Aberdeen. They are distinguished not only for their positions at Aberdeen, but also by their irenicist opposition to the National Covenant of 1638. Their adherence to Episcopacy and their support for the Articles of the Assembly at Perth (1618), which prescribed several English forms of worship, form the backdrop of their opposition to the Presbyterian Covenanters.

Bishops in the Church of Scotland
There have not been bishops in the Church of Scotland since the Restoration Episcopacy of the 17th century, although there have occasionally been attempts to reintroduce episcopalianism.

Like most Reformed Churches, the Church of Scotland has a presbyterian structure which invests in a hierarchy of courts, that authority which other denominations give to bishops. Nevertheless, the Church of Scotland does have the concept of a bishop, and there has been debate about widening this concept.
Moronobea
Moronobea is a plant genus of the family Clusiaceae. They are glabrous medium to large trees with yellow latex. The genus comprises 7 species, native to South America, 5 of which are in Venezuela. It is related to Platonia and Montrouziera.

The resinous latex of Moronobea coccinea and Moronobea riparia has been widely used by Amerindians for caulking, as a mastic, and burned as a source of light.

Montrouziera
Montrouziera is a genus of shrubs to large trees in the family Clusiaceae, endemic to New Caledonia. As usual in the Clusiaceae, species of this genus are known to contain xanthonoids. Montrouziera is related to the South American genus Platonia. Locally known as "houp", this genus was named after Xavier Montrouzier.

Montrouziera gabriellae is noted for bearing the largest endemic flower of New Caledonia.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, video and other online material, and may be presented in print or online or both.

The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917, but no award was given that year. It is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win.

As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists. Finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch is a regional newspaper serving the St. Louis metropolitan area. Based in St. Louis, Missouri, it is the largest daily newspaper in the metropolitan area by circulation, surpassing the Belleville News-Democrat, Alton Telegraph, and Edwardsville Intelligencer. The publication has received 19 Pulitzer Prizes.

The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises of Davenport, Iowa, which purchased Pulitzer, Inc. in 2005 in a cash deal valued at $1.46 billion.
Ali Beygluy-e Sofla
Ali Beygluy-e Sofla (Persian: علي بيگلوي سفلي, also Romanized as ‘Alī Beyglūy-e Soflá; also known as ‘Alī Beyglū-ye Soflá and ‘Alībeyglū-ye Soflá) is a village in Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 20 families.

Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District
Charuymaq-e Jonubegharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاراويماق جنوب غربي) is in the Central District of Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Araskonay-e Sofla.
Garston Park
Garston Park is a park in Garston, Hertfordshire, a suburb of Watford in Hertfordshire. An area of 6.4 hectares, about half of the park, is a Local Nature Reserve. It is owned and managed by Watford Borough Council.

The nature reserve has woodland which is mainly oak, ash and sycamore. There are also areas of grassland and wetland, which has lesser pond sedge and reed canary grass. Mammals include muntjac deer, red foxes and pipistrelle bats, and there are birds including great spotted and green woodpeckers and several species of butterflies. The park outside the nature reserve is mown grass which has a children's playground and an exercise areas.

There is access from Garston Lane and Coates Way.

Garston, Hertfordshire
Garston is a suburban village in Hertfordshire, England. Garston is contiguous with Watford and now, despite retaining a local identity, is effectively a suburb. It is within the Stanborough, Woodside and Meriden wards of the borough of Watford, although a small number of its streets are in Hertsmere.

The Building Research Establishment has its headquarters within Garston.

Garston has several large secondary schools including St Michael's Catholic High School, Parmiter's School and Future Academies Watford, formerly known as Francis Combe.

The A41 is the perceived border of Garston and North Watford; it crosses St Albans Road (A412) at the Dome Roundabout.
Leicester Town Rifles
The Leicester Town Rifles was an early unit of the British Volunteer Force raised in 1859. It went on to become the parent unit of the Territorial Army battalions of the Leicestershire Regiment, which served on the Western Front during World War I. Their successor unit served in the air defence role during and after World War II.

Cadre (military)
A cadre (/ˈkɑːdrə/, also UK: /ˈkɑːdər/, also US: /ˈkɑːdreɪ/) is the complement of commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers of a military unit responsible for training the rest of the unit. The cadre may be the permanent skeleton establishment of a unit, around which the full unit can be built if needed. In countries which have conscription, a cadre may comprise the permanent staff of a regiment who train the conscripts assigned to it. The term comes from the French expression en cadre, with the same meaning.
Rotel Tours
Rotel Tours is a tour operator that specializes in overlanding via "rolling hotels", custom built buses in which guests also sleep. The buses can sleep 24-34 guests, a driver and a tour guide. Guests ride in front during the day, and then move to a triple deck of berths in the rear at night.

The company is a subsidiary of Georg Höltl GmBH & Co. KK, based in Tittling, Bavaria, Germany.

The company offers tours on 6 continents.

Overlanding
Overlanding or four-wheel drive (4WD) touring is self-reliant overland (that is travelling or done by land) travel to remote destinations where the journey is the principal goal. Typically, but not exclusively, it is accomplished with mechanized off-road capable transport (from bicycles to trucks) where the principal form of lodging is camping, often lasting for extended lengths of time (months to years) and spanning international boundaries.
António Teixeira (composer)
António Teixeira (14 May 1707 – after 1769) was a  Portuguese composer.

Teixeira was born and died in Lisbon. He was a royal scholar in Rome from 1714 until 11 June 1728, when he was elected chaplain-singer of Lisbon Cathedral and examiner in plainchant for the Lisbon patriarchy. He wrote some festive cantatas for members of the aristocracy and also composed the music for two Portuguese operas by António José da Silva. José Mazza stated that Teixeira composed seven operas, which were performed by large puppets at the Teatro do Bairro Alto in Lisbon between 1733 and 1739. His surviving theatrical music shows him writing in the contemporary Italian style. His most important sacred work is a 20-voice Te Deum. It alternates the polychoral style of the Roman baroque with an operatic style in the solo sections. Teixeira's sacred works are now in the archive of Lisbon Cathedral.

Lisbon Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Mary Major (Portuguese: Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa or Sé-Catedral Metropolitana Patriarcal de Santa Maria Maior de Lisboa), often called Lisbon Cathedral or simply the Sé (Sé de Lisboa), is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Lisbon, Portugal. It is the oldest church in the city, built in 1147. The cathedral has survived many earthquakes and has been modified, renovated and restored several times, resulting in a mix of different architectural styles. It is the seat of the Patriarchate of Lisbon, and has been classified as a National Monument since 1910.
Administration of federal assistance in the United States
In the United States, federal assistance, also known as federal aid, federal benefits, or federal funds, is defined as any federal program, project, service, or activity provided by the federal government that directly assists domestic governments, organizations, or individuals in the areas of education, health, public safety, public welfare, and public works, among others.

The assistance, which can reach to over $400 billion annually,  is provided and administered by federal government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through special programs to recipients.

Community Development Block Grant
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), one of the longest-running programs of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, funds local community development activities with the stated goal of providing affordable housing, anti-poverty programs, and infrastructure development. CDBG, like other block grant programs, differs from categorical grants, made for specific purposes, in that they are subject to less federal oversight and are largely used at the discretion of the state and local governments and their subgrantees.
Lion Island, Géologie Archipelago
Lion Island is a small rocky island 0.4 kilometres (0.2 nmi) north-northeast of Petrel Island in the Géologie Archipelago. It was surveyed and named by the French Antarctic Expedition (1949–51) under André Liotard. The name derives from the rock summit of the island which has the shape of a lion's head.

Géologie Archipelago
The Géologie Archipelago, also known as the Pointe Géologie Archipelago, Geology Archipelago or Cape Geology Archipelago, is a small archipelago of rocky islands and rocks close to the north of Cape Géodésie and Astrolabe Glacier Tongue, extending from Helene Island on the west to the Dumoulin Islands on the east, in Adélie Land, Antarctica.
Bram van Velde
Abraham "Bram" Gerardus van Velde (19 October 1895 – 28 December 1981) was a Dutch painter known for an intensely colored and geometric semi-representational painting style related to Tachisme, and Lyrical Abstraction. He is often seen as member of the School of Paris but his work resides somewhere between expressionism and surrealism, and evolved in the 1960s into an expressive abstract art. His paintings from the 1950s are similar to the contemporary work of Matisse, Picasso and the abstract expressionist Adolph Gottlieb. He was championed by a number of French-speaking writers, including Samuel Beckett and the poet André du Bouchet.

Gouache
Gouache (/ɡuˈɑːʃ, ɡwɑːʃ/; French: [ɡwaʃ]), body color, or opaque watercolor is a water-medium paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a long history, having been used for at least twelve centuries. It is used most consistently by commercial artists for posters, illustrations, comics, and other design work.

Gouache is similar to watercolor in that it can be rewetted and dried to a matte finish, and the paint can become infused into its paper support. It is similar to acrylic or oil paints in that it is normally used in an opaque painting style and it can form a superficial layer. Many manufacturers of watercolor paints also produce gouache, and the two can easily be used together.
Chad Stanley
Benjamin Chadwick Stanley (born January 29, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Kilgore College before transferring to Stephen F. Austin State University. He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 1999.

Stanley was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals, Houston Texans and Indianapolis Colts.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Sumanapala Dahanayake
Wijesekara Sumanapala Dahanayake  (born 4 February 1929, date of death unknown) was a Sri Lankan politician who was the member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka representing the Deniyaya electorate. He was a member of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP).

Dahanayake contested the March 1960 general election from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party from Deniyaya, but came third. He was successful in the July 1960 general election and was elected to parliament. He was again elected to parliament in the 1970 general election. He was the President of the Morawaka Cooperative Union, which manufactured crayons under the brand CoopCrayon during the 1970s. He was wounded in April 1971, during the 1971 JVP insurrection when he and Major Wettasinghe attempted to lead an army expedition into rebel held areas outside Matara. 
His son Wijaya was also elected to parliament, representing Matara and served as Deputy Minister of Public Administration and Home Affairs. Dahanayake is deceased.

Wijaya Dahanayake
Wijaya Dahanayake   is a Sri Lankan politician. He is the former Deputy Minister of Public Administration and Home Affairs in the Sri Lankan government and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from Matara. He is a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

He was educated at Mahinda College, Galle and the Royal College, Colombo. Dahanayake became the SLFP Organizer for the Deniyaya Electorate in Matara District in 1990.
Rewrite engine
In web applications, a rewrite engine is a software component that performs rewriting on URLs (Uniform Resource Locators), modifying their appearance. This modification is called URL rewriting. It is a way of implementing URL mapping or routing within a web application. The engine is typically a component of a web server or web application framework. Rewritten URLs (sometimes known as short, pretty or fancy URLs, search engine friendly - SEF URLs, or slugs) are used to provide shorter and more relevant-looking links to web pages. The technique adds a layer of abstraction between the files used to generate a web page and the URL that is presented to the outside world.

Internet Information Services
Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services, IIS, 2S) is an extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family. IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP.  It has been an integral part of the Windows NT family since Windows NT 4.0, though it may be absent from some editions (e.g. Windows XP Home edition), and is not active by default. A dedicated suite of software called SEO Toolkit is included in the latest version of the manager. This suite has several tools for SEO with features for metatag / web coding optimization, sitemaps / robots.txt configuration, website analysis, crawler setting, SSL server-side configuration and more.
Great War Remembrance Race
The Great War Remembrance Race was a European single-day cycle race to be held annually from 2018 which  passed through the Belgian province of West Flanders, organized by Flanders Classics and the organizers of Gent–Wevelgem as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour. The inaugural edition marked the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I and was held on 24 August 2018 and won by Mihkel Räim. Further editions were intended to safeguard continuing awareness of this historic war.

Future editions of the race were canceled in June, 2019. The organizers cited calendar conflicts and similarities to other races in their decision to not continue the race.

Flanders Classics
Flanders Classics is an official cooperation among the organizers of the classic cycle races held in Flanders, Belgium. It was founded in 2009 and comprises seven races, of which the Tour of Flanders, one of the monuments of cycling classics, is considered the most prestigious.
Remember (The Fiery Furnaces album)
Remember is the first live album from indie rock band The Fiery Furnaces, released on August 19, 2008. The album includes various live performances of songs from their first six studio albums, recorded between 2005 and the tour for their 2007 album, Widow City.  Some longer songs, such as "Blueberry Boat" and "Quay Cur", have multiple cuts in the track from various performances.  Other songs, such as the tracks from the Bitter Tea medley, were recorded live in the recording studio.

Bitter Tea
Bitter Tea is the fifth full-length album by the Fiery Furnaces, released on April 18, 2006, via Fat Possum in the U.S and Rough Trade in the UK. After it leaked onto the internet on February 22, the band immediately started selling the CD on tour.

The band envisioned Bitter Tea as a loose companion piece to their previous album, Rehearsing My Choir, released just five months prior.
Carlo Promis
Carlo Promis (1808 – 1873 in Turin, Italy) was an Italian architect and architectural historian and a proponent of Eclecticism.

Promis earned his degree in architecture at Turin in 1828 and subsequently worked in Rome alongside leaders in the field of ancient architectural history, including Carlo Fea, Luigi Canina, and Antonio Nibby.  He studied ancient sites, including Alba Fucens, and carried out new projects in Turin.

Luigi Canina
Luigi Canina (23 October 1795 – 17 October 1856) was an Italian archaeologist and architect. Together with Giuseppe Valadier, he was a leading figure of archaeologically correct Neoclassicism in early-19 century Rome. He was the second recipient of the Royal Gold Medal, awarded in 1849. In England, he restored interiors at Alnwick Castle, Northumberland.
Szilágy County
Szilágy (Romanian: Sălaj) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania. The capital of the county was Zilah (present-day Zalău in Romania).

Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)
A county (Hungarian: vármegye 'castle-county' or megye) is the name of a type of administrative unit in Hungary.

This article deals with counties in the former Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see: Counties of Hungary.
Retalimyrma
Retalimyrma is a monotypic genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae, consisting of the sole species Retalimyrma wroughtonii, native to the Himalayas of Nepal and India. R. wroughtonii was previously placed in the genus Camponotus as Camponotus wroughtonii, although it was separated in 2025 into its own genus based on ultraconserved element phylogenomic analysis. Its scientific name means "remnant ant" from Ancient Greek retáli (ῥετάλι, "remnant") + myrma (μύρμα, "ant").

Camponotini
Camponotini is a tribe of ants in the subfamily Formicinae containing 2 extinct and 11 extant genera, including Camponotus (carpenter ants). This tribe is the most diverse tribe in its subfamily, containing over 2,500 species. Ants in the Camponotini tribe are the primary hosts of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, also called the zombie-ant fungus.
Sichau
Sichau (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪçaʊ]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gardelegen.

Gardelegen
Gardelegen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁdəleːɡn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Garlä) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Milde, 20 m. W. from Stendal, on the main line of railway Hanover–Berlin.
Pobles del Nord
Pobles del Nord (also Poblats del Nord in Valencian) is the 17th district of the city of Valencia (Spain). It is composed of seven towns, which were annexed to Valencia between 1888 and 1900, which are today considered neighborhoods: Benifaraig, Pueblo Nuevo, Carpesa, Casas de Bárcena, Mahuella, Tauladella, Rafalell i Vistabella, Masarrochos and Borbotó.

Its census population in 2009 was 6563 inhabitants (INE). It is the second largest district in Valencia, although one of the least populated, since it is a dispersed and rural territory, where the Horta still occupies most of the land.

Alqueria
An alquería (Spanish: [alkeˈɾi.a]; Valencian: alqueria [alkeˈɾi.a]; Portuguese: alcaria [alkɐˈɾi.ɐ]; from Arabic القرية al-qarīa, "village, hamlet") in Al-Andalus made reference to small rural communities that were located near cities (medinas). Since the 15th century it makes reference to a farmhouse, with an agricultural farm, found mainly in eastern and southeastern Spain, such as Granada and Valencia. Regarding the latter location Joan Fuster, in his book called El País Valenciano, makes extensive reference to the Valencian alquerías. Vestiges and documents referring to alquerias, known as alcarias in Portuguese, have been found in Portugal's southern region of Algarve. From Central Portugal to the Algarve passing through Alentejo region, a number of places in Portugal have the word Alcaria in its name.
Peperomia trichophylla
Peperomia trichophylla is a species of epiphyte  in the genus Peperomia. It was first described by John Gilbert Baker and published in the book "Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 21: 436. 1885.". It primarily grows on wet tropical biomes. The species name came from the English word wikt:tricho- + wikt:phyllon, which means Hairy leaf. Its Conservation Status is Threatened.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.