hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adrian Stead
Adrian Stead (born 20 February 1967) is a sailor from Poole, Great Britain. who represented his country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Savannah, United States as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Andy Beadsworth and fellow crew member Barry Parkin they took the 4th place.

He went on to become one of Britain's most successful yachtman winning pinnacle offshore events like the Rolex Fastnet Race and also multiple World Championships titles including the following:

1998 Farr 40 World Championship

2007 Farr 40 World Championship

2008 Farr 40 World Championship

2010 TP52 World Championship

2011 TP52 World Championship

2013 Swan 60 OD World Championship

2013 TP52 World Championship

2016 RC44 World Championship

2025 ORCi World Championships

RC44 World Championship
The RC44 World Championship is an annual international sailing regatta for RC44 they are organized by the host club on behalf of the International Class Association and recognized by World Sailing, the sports IOC recognized governing body.
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
The Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, formerly known as the Rosemont/O'Hare Exposition Center, is a convention center located in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.  Built in 1975, the center has exhibition space of 840,000 sq ft (78,000 m2) and parking available via a Skybridge connected parking garage, which is able to accommodate 8,000 vehicles.  It is located near O'Hare International Airport, Allstate Arena, Rosemont Theatre, and Fashion Outlets of Chicago.  The facility is named after the late mayor of Rosemont, Donald E. Stephens.

Notable events held annually include:

Midwest FurFest

The Chicago RV and Boat Show

The International Gem and Jewelry Show

Anime Central

Anime Midwest

Anime Magic

Fan Expo Chicago

Nightmare Weekend Chicago

Islamic Society of North America Convention

The American Numismatic Association held their annual "World's Fair of Money" here in 1991, 1999, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2021 and 2022.

Allstate Arena
Allstate Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois, United States, northwest of Chicago, located at the corner of Mannheim Road and Lunt Avenue, just north of Mannheim Road's interchange with the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I-90) about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of O'Hare International Airport. The facility opened in 1980 as the Rosemont Horizon and seats up to 22,000 for concerts, 17,500 for basketball, 16,692 for ice hockey and 16,143 for arena football.

The arena is home to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL) and has served as the home arena for a number of other professional and collegiate teams, most notably the DePaul Blue Demons from 1980 through 2017.
Tremella exigua
Tremella exigua is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, dark, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi (Diaporthe and Cucurbitaria species) on dead branches of trees and shrubs. It was originally described from France.

Tremella
Tremella is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All Tremella species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of Tremella (in its wide sense) are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Tremella fuciformis, is commercially cultivated for food.
Fort Prince George
Fort Prince George (sometimes referred to as Trent's Fort) was an incomplete fort on what is now the site of Pittsburgh, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The plan to occupy the strategic forks was formed by Virginia Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie, on the advice of Major George Washington, whom Dinwiddie had sent on a mission to warn French commanders they were on English territory in late 1753, and who had made a military assessment and a map of the site. The fort was still under construction when it was discovered by the French, who sent troops to capture it. The French then constructed Fort Duquesne on the site.

Ohio Company
The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the settlement by Virginians of the Ohio Country (approximately the present U.S. state of Ohio) and to trade with the Native Americans. The company had a land grant from Britain and a treaty with Indians, but France also claimed the area, and the conflict helped provoke the outbreak of the French and Indian War.
Charles Munch (conductor)
Charles Munch (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl mynʃ]; born Karl Münch; 26 September 1891 – 6 November 1968) was an Alsatian French symphonic conductor and violinist. Noted for his mastery of the French orchestral repertoire, he was best known as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

Orchestre Lamoureux
The Orchestre Lamoureux (pronounced [ɔʁ.kɛstʁ la.mu.ʁø]) officially known as the Société des Nouveaux-Concerts and also known as the Concerts Lamoureux) is an orchestral concert society which once gave weekly concerts by its own orchestra, founded in Paris by Charles Lamoureux in 1881.  It has played an important role in French musical life, including giving the premieres of Emmanuel Chabrier's España (1883), Gabriel Fauré's Pavane (1888), Claude Debussy's Nocturnes (1900 and 1901) and La mer (1905), Maurice Ravel's Menuet antique (1930) and Piano Concerto in G major (1932).
Crack tip opening displacement
Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) or  is the distance between the opposite faces of a crack tip at the 90° intercept position. The position behind the crack tip at which the distance is measured is arbitrary but commonly used is the point where two 45° lines, starting at the crack tip, intersect the crack faces. The parameter is used in fracture mechanics to characterize the loading on a crack and can be related to other crack tip loading parameters such as the stress intensity factor  and the elastic-plastic J-integral.

For plane stress conditions, the CTOD can be written as:

where  is the yield stress,  is the crack length,  is the Young's modulus, and  is the remote applied stress.

Under fatigue loading, the range of movement of the crack tip during a loading cycle  can be used for determining the rate of fatigue growth using a crack growth equation. The crack extension for a cycle , is typically of the order of .

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
2008 Colorado Amendment 50
Colorado Amendment 50 was a citizen's initiative that amended the Colorado state constitution to:

allow residents of Central City, Black Hawk, and Cripple Creek to vote to extend casino hours, approve additional games, and increase the maximum bet limit;

give most of the gaming tax revenue that results from new gaming limits to Colorado community colleges and to the gaming cities and counties;

require statewide voter approval for any gaming tax increase if new gaming limits are adopted by any gaming town; and

exempt the revenue raised from new gaming limits from state and local revenue spending limits

As of August 2008, Ameristar Casino in Black Hawk had given $2 million to Coloradans for Community Colleges, part of the $7 million in contributions that had been made by supporters of the amendment. Much of the contributions were expected to pay for advertising aimed at potential voters.

The amendment passed with 58.6% of the vote.

Gilpin County, Colorado
Gilpin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado, smallest in land area behind only the City and County of Broomfield. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,808. The county seat is Central City. The county was formed in 1861, while Colorado was still a territory, and was named after Colonel William Gilpin, the first territorial governor. Gilpin County is part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Responses to the Venezuelan presidential crisis
During the Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning the legitimate President of Venezuela, reactions and responses to the crisis were greatly divided.

On 10 January 2019, Venezuela's opposition-majority National Assembly declared that incumbent Nicolás Maduro's 2018 reelection was invalid, and its president, Juan Guaidó, said that he was prepared to assume the acting presidency. On 23 January 2019, Guaidó and the National Assembly declared he was acting president, who took the presidential oath. By vote of the opposition coalition that had previously supported Guaidó's claim, the Guaidó interim government dissolved on 5 January 2023.

Some countries and organizations recognized Guaidó as acting president, while others recognized Maduro; some expressed neutrality, and some supported the National Assembly without endorsing Guaidó.

United Socialist Party of Venezuela
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV, [peˈsuβ, peˈsuβe]) is a socialist political party and the ruling party of Venezuela. It was formed in 2007 from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution begun by President Hugo Chávez. At the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, PSUV lost its majority in the National Assembly for the first time since the unicameral legislature's creation in 2000 against the Democratic Unity Roundtable, winning 55 out of the National Assembly's 167 seats. In the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election, amid a widespread opposition boycott, they won back a supermajority of the chamber.
Asconia gens
The gens Asconia was a plebeian family at Rome during the first century AD.  It is known chiefly from a single individual, Quintus Asconius Pedianus, a commentator on Cicero.  There is some reason to believe that he was a native of Patavium, in which case the gens may be of Venetic or Etruscan origin.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Erica pannosa
Erica pannosa is a plant belonging to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs at Greyton in the Riviersonderend Mountains. The area of occurrence is smaller than 30 km² and the plant is considered rare.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Frank A. Welch
Franklin A. Welch (born c. 1960) was the ninth Master Chief Petty Officer of the United States Coast Guard.  Welch entered the Coast Guard in 1980 after graduating from Shades Valley High School Class of 1978, in Birmingham, Alabama. A former Master Chief Quartermaster, he served in office from October 10, 2002, to June 14, 2006, and served in the Coast Guard for over 26 years.

Welch, a native of Texas, is married to Mari Lynn Perry of Newport, Rhode Island.  They live in Spotsylvania, VA.

Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) is a military award presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves with outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States.

Introduced in 1969, the MSM was long awarded as a decoration for peacetime achievement. Since 2004, it has also been bestowed in lieu of the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement in a designated combat theater. Normally, the acts or services rendered must be comparable to that required for the Legion of Merit but in a duty of lesser, though considerable, responsibility.

A higher award and decoration, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), is intended for similar services performed under joint duty within the United States Department of Defense, including the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, and joint task forces under their cognizance.
Bobby Cruickshank
Robert Allan Cruickshank (16 November 1894 – 27 August 1975) was a Scottish-born golfer who played primarily in the United States. He competed in the PGA of America circuit in the 1920s and 1930s, the forerunner of the PGA Tour. He was twice runner-up at the U.S Open.

Valero Texas Open
The Texas Open, known as the Valero Texas Open for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, played near San Antonio, Texas. It dates back 103 years to 1922, when it was first called the Texas Open; San Antonio-based Valero Energy Corporation took over naming rights in 2002. It is played at The Oaks Course at the TPC San Antonio, north of the city. The Valero Energy Foundation is the host organization for the Valero Texas Open.
Urocaridella cyrtorhyncha
Urocaridella cyrtorhyncha is a species of shrimp in the family Palaemonidae. The species is similar to U. urocaridella, U. antonbruunii, and U. pulchella. The species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Red Sea.

Palaemonidae
Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.

The family contains more than 1200 species in  160 genera. The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.
NGC 4468
NGC 4468 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Coma Berenices. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on January 14, 1787. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Dwarf elliptical galaxy
Dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) are elliptical galaxies that are smaller than ordinary elliptical galaxies. They are quite common in galaxy groups and clusters, and are usually companions to other galaxies.
Lathbury
Lathbury is a village and civil parish in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 1 km north of Newport Pagnell, on the opposite side of the River Great Ouse, and about 8 km (5 miles) north-east of Central Milton Keynes. A meander of the River Great Ouse almost surrounds the village and parish, and the Ouse Valley Way passes through the parish.

Newport Pagnell
Newport Pagnell is a town and civil parish in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The Office for National Statistics records Newport Pagnell as part of the Milton Keynes urban area.

The town is separated from the rest of the urban area by the M1 motorway, on which Newport Pagnell Services, the second service station to be opened in the United Kingdom, is located.

The town is more widely known for having the only remaining vellum manufacturer in the United Kingdom, and being the original home of the exclusive sports car manufacturer Aston Martin.
Matilde Huici
Matilde Huici Navaz (Pamplona, 3 August 1890 – Santiago, 13 April 1965) was a Spanish educator and lawyer. In addition to her collaboration with María de Maeztu in the Residencia de Señoritas, first official center in Spain established to promote university education for women, and the Lyceum Club Femenino, association of women, she was co-founder of the Association of Spanish University Women (with Victoria Kent and Clara Campoamor in 1928) and Spanish delegate of the Advisory Commission for Social and Humanitarian Issues of the League of Nations. Exiled in Chile since 1940, Huici founded in 1944 the School of Párvulos Educator of the University of Chile and developed an intense pedagogical activity.

Clara Campoamor
Clara Campoamor Rodríguez (12 February 1888 – 30 April 1972) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and writer, considered by some the mother of the Spanish feminist movement. She was one of the main promoters for women's suffrage in Spain, included in the Spanish Constitution of 1931 in part owing to her advocacy.

She was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1931, before women were allowed to vote themselves. She later lost her parliamentary seat and briefly served as a government minister, before fleeing the country during the Spanish Civil War. Campoamor died in exile in Switzerland, and was later buried at the Polloe Cemetery in San Sebastián, Spain.
Spandau Synagogue
The Spandau Synagogue  (German: Synagoge Spandau) was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 12 Lindenufer, in the Old Town area of Spandau, Berlin, Germany.

Also known as Spandauer Vereinssynagoge (translated as Spandau private synagogue), the synagogue was built in 1894–95 and destroyed during Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938 when it was set on fire. The ruins were removed, probably in 1942. The site is now marked by a memorial tablet, installed in 1988. The congregation maintained a Jewish cemetery, on Spandau's Neue Bergstrasse, which was closed by the Nazi government  and was evacuated in 1939 to the cemetery of the Orthodox congregation Adass Jisroel in Berlin.

Cremer & Wolffenstein
The Cremer & Wolffenstein architecture firm was founded in Germany in 1882 by Richard Wolffenstein (1846–1919) and Wilhelm Cremer (1845–1919) and existed up to the death of its two founders. During the so-called Gründerzeit in Berlin, the years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany at the end of the 19th century, they were a prolific firm in the various aspects of architecture. As one of the largest firms in Berlin at the turn of the century, they designed residential, commercial, transportation, government, and religious buildings. They built a number of synagogues, won second place in the 1882 competition to design the Reichstag, and were also involved in planning the Hochbahn overhead railway installation between Kreuzberg and Nollendorfplatz.
China–Paraguay relations
Paraguay has never established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), but it has maintained diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 1957.

PRC affairs in Paraguay are handled by the Consulate General of China in São Paulo, Brazil. Paraguayan affairs with the PRC are handled by their Embassy in South Korea, while their affairs with Hong Kong and Macau are handled by their Embassy in Japan.

Paraguay–Taiwan relations
The Republic of Paraguay and the Republic of China (Taiwan) established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1957.

Paraguay does not conform to the One China policy and is one of the 12 countries in the world (and the only one in South America) that recognized the ROC as the sole legitimate government of "China". Paraguay has had an embassy in Taipei since 1999. Taiwan has an embassy in Asunción and a Consulate-General in Ciudad del Este.

The two are antipodes of each other. The ROC is the second state in  Asia (after Japan) to have diplomatic relations with Paraguay. In public media, the relationship between the two countries has been described as a historic friendship. Paraguay's relationship with Taiwan endured principally because of donations and loans; this method is criticized by governmental leaders for suspected corruption.
1988 Marlboro Cup (Los Angeles)
The 1988 Marlboro Cup was a four team soccer tournament hosted at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in August. The four teams competing were the League of Ireland XI, Club Universidad de Guadalajara, El Salvador and Guatemala. The League of Ireland XI lost their first game 3–0 against Club Universidad on August 5 with Mick Neville conceding an own goal. They then lost 1–0 to El Salvador in a third place play off two days later. The tournament was won by Guatemala who beat Club Universidad 3–2 in the final.

Marlboro Cup (soccer)
The Marlboro Cup was an international soccer tournament which ran on an irregular basis from 1987 to 1990 in the United States.

Sponsored by the Philip Morris company to promote its Marlboro brand of cigarettes, the tournament featured both top club as well as national teams.
Pindad SS1
The SS1 (short for Senapan Serbu 1, lit. 'Assault Rifle 1') is the standard assault rifle of the Indonesian armed forces and Indonesian National Police. It is based on the FN FNC rifle but modified in order to meet ergonomic and tropical environment needs.

The assault rifle is gas-operated automatic carbines with a foldable butt and is designed to meet the NATO standard. The SS1 is a high performance light individual weapon that has been used by the Indonesian armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, as well as police. It was adopted into Indonesian service in 1991.

It is currently being phased out and replaced by the Pindad SS2. The SS1 would possibly be used by reserve or paramilitary forces when the SS2 is fully adopted into service.

The SS1 is manufactured by PT Pindad, Bandung, Indonesia, under license from Fabrique Nationale, Belgium.

SIG SG 540
The SG 540 is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG, currently SAN Swiss Arms AG)  of Neuhausen, Switzerland   as a private venture primarily destined for export markets and as a potential replacement for the 7.5×55mm Swiss SG 510 automatic rifle known as the Stgw 57 in Swiss service.