hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bingham plastic
In materials science, a Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene C. Bingham who proposed its mathematical form in 1916.

It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in drilling engineering, and in the handling of slurries. A common example is toothpaste, which will not be extruded until a certain pressure is applied to the tube. It is then pushed out as a relatively coherent plug.

Slurry
A slurry is a mixture of denser solids suspended in liquid, usually water. The most common use of slurry is as a means of transporting solids or separating minerals, the liquid being a carrier that is pumped on a device such as a centrifugal pump. The size of solid particles may vary from 1 micrometre up to hundreds of millimetres.
The particles may settle below a certain transport velocity and the mixture can behave like a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. Depending on the mixture, the slurry may be abrasive and/or corrosive.
1792 Naval Air Squadron
1792 Naval Air Squadron (1792 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was formed in May 1945 at HMS Daedalus, RNAS Lee-on-Solent as a Night Fighter squadron. It was equipped with the Fairey Firefly NF.Mk I night fighter. The squadron joined HMS Ocean in December for service in the Mediterranean. On return to the UK the squadron was disbanded in April 1946.

RAF Drem
Royal Air Force Drem, or more simply RAF Drem, is a former Royal Air Force station, just north of the village of Drem in East Lothian, Scotland. The motto of the station was Exiit Hinc Lumen which means "Light has departed from this place".
Hermann Oelrichs (pilot boat)
The Hermann Oelrichs was a 19th-century Sandy Hook Pilot boat, built in 1894 by Moses Adams at Essex, Massachusetts for a group of New York Pilots. She helped transport New York City maritime pilots between inbound or outbound ships coming into the New York Harbor. The Herman Oelrichs was said to be the fastest of the New York pilot fleet. She was built to replace the pilot boat Hope, that was wrecked in 1890.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Real analytic Eisenstein series
In mathematics, the simplest real analytic Eisenstein series is a special function of two variables. It is used in the representation theory of SL(2, R) and in analytic number theory. It is closely related to the Epstein zeta function.

There are many generalizations associated to more complicated groups.

Analytic number theory
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. It is well known for its results on prime numbers (involving the Prime Number Theorem and Riemann zeta function) and additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).
Gladstone, Tasmania
Gladstone is a rural locality in the local government areas of Break O'Day and Dorset in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the town of St Helens. The 2016 census determined a population of 139 for the state suburb of Gladstone.

St Helens, Tasmania
St Helens is the largest town on the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia, on Georges Bay. It is known as the game fishing capital of Tasmania and is also renowned for its oysters (as are some other areas of Tasmania). It is located on the Tasman Highway, about 160 km east of Tasmania's second largest city, Launceston. In the early 2000s, the town was one of the fastest growing areas of Tasmania, and reached a population of 2049 at the 2006 census. By the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of 2,206.

St Helens is part of the Break O'Day Council, a council that includes the nearby town of Binalong Bay. St Helens also has its own radio station named Star FM Tasmania a community station on 93.7 MHz in the town, 100.3 MHz in St Marys and 98.5 MHz in Bicheno. A number of shops can be found in the town along Cecilia Street, such as the Bay of Fires IGA. and Gallery Parnella.
Miracle Dog
Miracle Dog: How Quentin Survived the Gas Chamber to Speak for Animals on Death Row is a non-fiction book written by Randy Grim. Published in February 2005 by Blue Ribbon Books, the book details the story of a dog named Quentin, who survived fifteen minutes in a carbon monoxide gas chamber at the St. Louis, Missouri animal shelter in 2003. Grim, the president and founder of Stray Rescue of St. Louis, adopted the dog and used his story to campaign against the use of the gas chamber for animal euthanasia and to support no-kill animal shelters. As a result of Grim's efforts, the St. Louis animal shelter stopped using the gas chamber in January 2005, switching to more humane euthanasia methods.

Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs. Reasons for euthanasia include terminal, incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control.

In domesticated animals, the discussion of animal euthanasia may be substituted with euphemisms, such as "put down" or "put to sleep" to make the wording less harsh.
Jebel Irhoud
Jebel Irhoud (Arabic: جبل إيغود, Moroccan Arabic: žbəl iġud) or Adrar n Ighoud (Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷ, romanized: Adrar n Iɣud), is an archaeological site in Morocco located just north of the town of Tlet Ighoud in Youssoufia Province, approximately 50 km (30 mi) south-east of the city of Safi.

It is noted for the hominin fossils that have been found there since the discovery of the site in 1961. Originally thought to be Neanderthals, the specimens have since been assigned to Homo sapiens and, as reported in 2017, have been dated to a "weighted average age" of 315,000 years ago.  This makes the remains by far the earliest known examples of Homo sapiens, and suggests that rather than arising in East Africa approximately 200,000 years ago, modern humans have been present across the length of Africa 100,000 years earlier.

Mousterian
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and with the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia. The Mousterian largely defines the latter part of the Middle Paleolithic, the middle of the West Eurasian Old Stone Age. It lasted roughly from 160,000 to 40,000 BP. If its predecessor, known as Levallois or Levallois–Mousterian, is included, the range is extended to include as early as c. 300,000–200,000 BP. The main following period is the Aurignacian (c. 43,000–28,000 BP) of Homo sapiens.
John Alfred Prestwich
John Alfred Prestwich (1874 – 1952) was an English engineer and inventor. He founded JA Prestwich Industries Ltd in 1895 and was a pioneer in the early development of cinematography projectors and cameras. The company also manufactured famous JAP motorcycle engines.

He worked with S.Z. de Ferranti and later cinema pioneer William Friese-Greene.

He was awarded the Edward Longstreth Medal by the Franklin Institute in 1919.

William Friese-Greene
William Friese-Greene (born William Edward Green, 7 September 1855 – 5 May 1921) was a prolific English inventor and professional photographer. He was known as a pioneer in the field of motion pictures, having devised a series of cameras between 1888–1891 and shot moving pictures with them in London. He went on to patent an early two-colour filming process in 1905. Wealth came with inventions in printing, including phototypesetting and a method of printing without ink, and from a chain of photographic studios. However, Friese-Greene spent all his money on inventing, went bankrupt three times, was jailed once, and died in poverty.
Mazis-Chambertin
Mazis-Chambertin, sometimes written Mazy-Chambertin is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red wine in the Côte de Nuits subregion of Burgundy, with Pinot noir as the main grape variety. Mazis-Chambertin is located within the commune of Gevrey-Chambertin. It is situated above (to the west of) the Route des Grands Crus. It borders on Chambertin-Clos de Bèze in the south, Ruchottes-Chambertin in the west, and on Gevrey-Chambertin Premier Cru vineyards in the north and east. Among the various "Chambertin" vineyards, it is the one situated closer to the town of Gevrey-Chambertin itself. The AOC was created in 1937, and should not be confused with the entirely separate Mazoyères-Chambertin.

Gevrey-Chambertin wine
Gevrey-Chambertin wine is produced in the communes of Gevrey-Chambertin and Brochon in the Côte de Nuits subregion of Burgundy. The Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) Gevrey-Chambertin may be used only for red wine with Pinot noir as the main grape variety. There are nine Grand Cru vineyards within the commune of Gevrey-Chambertin, Chambertin and eight others called Chambertin in combination with something else, such as Chapelle-Chambertin. While Gevrey-Chambertin also has several highly regarded Premier Cru vineyards, it has a particularly large amount of vineyards at the village level for a Côte de Nuits appellation. This is because the vineyards of the AOC stretch further to the east (beyond the N74 road) than in most neighbouring AOCs.
Pavao Ritter Vitezović
Pavao Ritter Vitezović (Croatian pronunciation: [pâʋao rîter ʋitěːzoʋitɕ]; 7 January 1652 – 20 January 1713) was a Habsburg-Croatian polymath, variously described as a historian, linguist, publisher, poet, political theorist, diplomat, printmaker, draughtsman, cartographer, writer and printer.

Johannes Lucius
Johannes Lucius (Croatian: Ivan Lučić; Italian: Giovanni Lucio; September 1604 – 11 January 1679) was a Dalmatian historian, whose greatest work is De regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae ("On the Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia"), which includes valuable historical sources, bibliography and six historical maps. Due to his critical approach, he is often described as the "father of Croatian historiography".

He was a member of the Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome in whose catacombs he was buried after his death in January 1679.
French ironclad Valeureuse
The French ironclad Valeureuse was one of 10 Provence-class armored frigates built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) during the 1860s. Commissioned in 1867, she was initially assigned to the Northern Squadron (Escadre du Nord), but was soon transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron (Escadre de la Méditerranée), often serving as a flagship. The ironclad played a minor role in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, blockading the North Sea coast of Prussia and later a Prussian commerce raider in a neutral Spanish port. Valeureuse was reduced to reserve after the war, but was reactivated in 1875 and assigned to the Northern Squadron. The ship was decommissioned two years later and was stricken in 1886. She was scrapped in 1888.

Provence-class ironclad
The Provence-class ironclads consisted of 10 ironclad frigates built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) during the 1860s. Only one of the sister ships was built with an wrought iron hull; the others were built in wood. By 1865 they were armed with eleven 194-millimeter (7.6 in) guns and played a minor role in the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War. The ships began to be disposed of in the early 1880s, although several lingered on in subsidiary roles for another decade before they followed their sisters to the scrap yard.
Changchun–Jilin intercity railway
Changchun–Jilin intercity railway (simplified Chinese: 长吉城际铁路; traditional Chinese: 長吉城際鐵路; pinyin: Cháng-Jí Chéngjì Tiělù) is a high-speed rail line operated by China Railway High-speed in Jilin Province, which opened for service on January 11, 2011. It is the first intercity high-speed rail to be operational in Northeast China. Like the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity high-speed railway, which services Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, the Changchun–Jilin intercity railway serves as an airport rail link for the cities of Changchun and Jilin.

Jilin City
Jilin City is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,895,865 in its built-up (or metro) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province.

Jilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Esther Ita Feldman
Esther Ita Feldman (née Cukierkorn; 23 November 1909 – 7 March 1999) was a Brazilian Jewish editor, translator, and community activist best known for her role as a senior editor of the Rio de Janeiro–based weekly magazine Aonde Vamos?. Active in the publication from 1960 until its closure in 1977, she became one of the most influential women in the Brazilian Jewish press of the mid‑20th century.
Her personal testimony was recorded by the Museu da Pessoa in 1988 as part of the "Heranças e Lembranças" project on Jewish immigrants in Brazil.

Myrna Herzog
Myrna Herzog (Hebrew: מירנה הרצוג; born 1 December 1951) is a Brazilian-born Israeli musician, conductor, teacher and early music researcher. She is a player of the viol, viola da gamba and baroque cello.
Democratic Movement (Italy)
Democratic Movement (Movimento Democratico, MoDem) is a faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy.

At the 2009 leadership election Dario Franceschini was defeated by Pier Luigi Bersani. Those who supported the former's bid joined forces into AreaDem, a broad minority faction which comprised several groups: Veltroniani, Fassiniani, Fourth Phase, Liberal PD, Democratic Ecologists, Simply Democrats, etc.

By September 2010, both Franceschini and Piero Fassino had re-approached with Bersani, a move which was not approved by Walter Veltroni and Giuseppe Fioroni, who chose to form a "movement" in order to defend the "original spirit" of the PD. In doing this they were supported by 75 deputies: 33 Veltroniani, 35 Populars close to Fioroni and 7 former Rutelliani led by Paolo Gentiloni. The new faction was named Democratic Movement.

Gero Grassi, right-hand man of Fioroni, is the president of the association.

Simply Democrats
Simply Democrats (Italian: Semplicemente Democratici) was a heterogeneous faction within the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy.

At the 2009 leadership election the group (whose main members included Sergio Cofferati, Rita Borsellino, David Sassoli, Debora Serracchiani and Francesca Barracciu) supported the candidacy of Dario Franceschini, who eventually lost to Pier Luigi Bersani.

Serracchiani and Giuseppe Civati later organized a new faction composed mainly of middle-aged and young Democrats.
370th Air Expeditionary Wing
The 370th Air Expeditionary Wing is a provisional United States Air Force unit assigned to United States Air Forces Central, which may activate or inactivate it at any time.  The unit was last stationed in Iraq, and was likely inactivated in 2011 as part of the United States pullout of forces.

Douglas DC-2
The Douglas DC-2 is a retired 14-passenger, twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Company starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935, Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful aircraft in history.
Delonegha Hot Springs
Delonegha Hot Springs are located in Kern County, California, United States, northeast of the city of Bakersfield and southwest of Lake Isabella. Delonegha is one of several hot springs adjacent to the Kern River and State Route 178. The springs lie within the boundaries of Sequoia National Forest, "100 yd (91 m) down a steep dirt trail" from the highway. Except for a brief period in the first years of the 20th century when there was a small resort at the site, the Delonegha springs have remained largely undeveloped.

Lake Isabella, California
Lake Isabella (formerly, Isabella) is a census-designated place (CDP) in the southern Sierra Nevada, in Kern County, California, United States. It is named after the Lake Isabella reservoir and located at the lake’s southwestern edge, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Wofford Heights in the Kern River Valley.

The town of Lake Isabella is located 35 miles (56 km) east-northeast of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 2,513 feet (766 m). The population was 3,573 at the 2020 census, up from 3,466 at the 2010 census.
Suspensory ligament
A suspensory ligament is a ligament that supports a body part, especially an organ.

Types include:

Suspensory ligament of axilla, also known as Gerdy's ligament

Cooper's ligaments, also known as the suspensory ligaments of Cooper or Suspensory ligaments of breast

Suspensory ligament of clitoris

Suspensory ligament of duodenum, also known as the ligament of Treitz

Suspensory ligament of eyeball, also known as Lockwood's ligament

Suspensory ligament of lens, also known as the zonule of Zinn or zonular fibre

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Suspensory ligament of penis

Suspensory ligament of thyroid gland, also known as Berry's ligament

Part of the suspensory apparatus of the leg of a horse. When the leg is supporting the horse's weight, this ligament supports the fetlock joint. Suspensory ligament injures are common in athletic horses.

Suspensory ligament of penis
The suspensory ligament of the penis is a triangular midline structure anchoring the penis to the pubic symphysis, holding the penis close to the pubic bone and supporting it during erection.

The ligament does not directly connect to the corpus cavernosum penis, but may still play a role in erectile dysfunction.

The ligament can be surgically lengthened in a procedure known as ligamentolysis, which is a form of penis enlargement.
Olivier Kamitatu Etsu
Olivier Kamitatu Etsu (born 17 April 1964 in Brussels) is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He served as the president of the Transitional National Assembly from August 2003 to April 2006 and as the Minister of Planning and the Revolution of Modernity from 2007 to 2011 in the Gizenga and Muzito governments, and then in the Matata II government from December 8, 2014, to September 15, 2015. From 2012 to 2017, he was the president of the Africa Liberal Network. He is a member of the Liberal International. After founding  in 2006, the Alliance for the Renewal of Congo (ARC), in 2020, he became a founder of the party 'Together for the Republic’ (Ensemble pour la République) of Moïse Katumbi of which he is the spokesperson.

Moïse Katumbi
Moïse Katumbi Chapwe (French pronunciation: [mɔiz katœ̃bi]; born 28 December 1964) is a Congolese businessman and politician. He leads the Together for the Republic party. He was Governor of Katanga Province, located in the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2007 to September 2015. He was a member of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD) until September 2015. He has been described by The Economist as "probably the second most powerful man in the Democratic Republic of Congo after the president, Joseph Kabila". Jeune Afrique named him "African of the Year" in 2015.

In 2016, he was sentenced  in absentia to three years in prison for real estate fraud.
Jimmy White's 2: Cueball
Jimmy White's 2: Cueball is a snooker and pool video game developed by Awesome Developments and published by Virgin Interactive as a sequel to Jimmy White's 'Whirlwind' Snooker. It was originally released in 1999 for Windows and Dreamcast. A PlayStation version was released in 2000 in Europe and North America, with Bay Area Multimedia handling distribution for the latter territory. Archer Maclean, the designer of the original game, led the development team. The game includes mini-games connected with a pub setting. A Game Boy Color version of the game was released in 2000. A sequel to Cueball, called Jimmy White's Cueball World, was released in Europe for the PC in 2001. The game received mixed reviews from critics, with the PC and Dreamcast versions faring better than the PlayStation port.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Spanish heraldry
The tradition and art of heraldry first appeared in Spain at about the beginning of the eleventh century AD and its origin was similar to other European countries: the need for knights and nobles to distinguish themselves from one another on the battlefield, in jousts and in tournaments. Knights wore armor from head to toe and were often in leadership positions, so it was essential to be able to identify them on the battlefield.

Malabo
Malabo (/məˈlɑːboʊ/ mə-LAH-boh, Spanish: [maˈlaβo] ⓘ; formerly Santa Isabel [ˈsantajsaˈβel] ⓘ) is a city in Equatorial Guinea, located in the province of Bioko Norte. It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko (Bube: Etulá, and as Fernando Pó by the Europeans). In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants.

Spanish is the official language of the city and of the country as well, but Pichinglis is also used as a language of wider communication across Bioko island, including Malabo.

Malabo is the oldest city in Equatorial Guinea and served as its former capital. Ciudad de la Paz is a planned community in mainland Equatorial Guinea which was built to replace Malabo as the capital. The institutions of governance of Equatorial Guinea began the process of locating to Ciudad de la Paz in February 2017. Ciudad de la Paz was officially proclaimed capital of Equatorial Guinea in January 2026.
Holden Commodore (VK)
The Holden Commodore (VK) is a mid-size car that was produced by Holden from 1984 to 1986. It was the fourth iteration of the first generation of the Holden Commodore and introduced the luxury sedan variant; the Holden Calais.

Wellington 500
The Wellington 500 was a 500 km (310 mi) street race for touring cars which took place at Wellington City in Wellington, New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s. The 1987 event was a round of the 1987 World Touring Car Championship.

The final running of the race was in 1996, a non-championship sprint event for teams from the Australian Touring Car Championship.
2001 Wismilak International – Doubles
Henrieta Nagyová and Sylvia Plischke were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Nagyová chose to compete at Leipzig during the same week.

Evie Dominikovic and Tamarine Tanasugarn won the title by defeating Janet Lee and Wynne Prakusya 6–7(4–7), 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

2001 Sparkassen Cup – Singles
The 2001 Sparkassen Cup singles was the tennis singles event of the twelfth edition of the Sparkassen Cup; a WTA Tier II tournament held in Leipzig, Germany.

Kim Clijsters successfully defended her title, defeating Magdalena Maleeva in the final, 6–1, 6–1.