hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mashhad Ardehal
Mashhad Ardehal (Persian: مشهداردهال, also Romanized as Mashhad Ārdahāl and Mashhad Ardahal) is a city in Neyasar Rural District, Neyasar District, Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. The population in 2017 is approximately 2,000 people.

It is located 40–45 km west of the city of Kashan, in the eastern domain of mount Ardehal of Kashan, the highest peak of west of Kashan. The city contains the burial site of Sultan Ali (the son of the fifth Imam Muhammad al-Baqir) and the notable modern Persian poet and painter Sohrab Sepehri and is known for its annual Carpet Washing Ceremony. The tomb of Sohrab Sepehri is located in the eastern wing of the Shrine of Sultan Ali, which lies on the slope of a high hill. The shrine has two magnificent courtyards, a couple of splendid balconies and tall minarets decorated with ceramic tiles. The whole building complex belongs to the Seljuk era architecture.

Kashan
Kashan (Persian: کاشان; [kɒːˈʃɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Kashan is one of the oldest cities in Iran and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
Castell Dinas Brân
Castell Dinas Brân is a medieval castle, built by the Princes of Powys Fadog, which occupies a prominent hilltop site above the town of Llangollen in Denbighshire, Wales. The presently visible stone castle was probably built in the 1260s by Gruffydd Maelor II, a prince of Powys Fadog, on the site of several earlier structures, including an Iron Age hillfort.

Dinas Brân has been variously translated as the "crow's fortress" or "fortress of Brân", with Brân as the name of an individual or of a nearby stream. An English name, "Crow Castle", has also been used since at least the 18th century.

William Camden
William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English antiquarian, historian, topographer, and herald, best known as author of Britannia, the first chorographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland that relates landscape, geography, antiquarianism, and history, and the Annales, the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I.
154 Bertha
154 Bertha is a main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry on 4 November 1875, but the credit for the discovery was given to Prosper. It is probably named after Berthe Martin-Flammarion, sister of the astronomer Camille Flammarion.

Observations performed at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in during 2007 produced a light curve with a period of 22.30 ± 0.03 hours and a brightness range of 0.10 ± 0.02 in magnitude. A 1998 measurement gave a value of 27.6 hours, which doesn't fit the PDO data. In 2011, observations from the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico were used to determine a rotation period of 25.224 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variability of 0.10 ± 0.01 magnitude, ruling out previous studies.

This is classified as a C-type asteroid and it has an estimated diameter of about 187 km.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Nem chua Lai Vung
Nem chua Lai Vung is a fermented pork roll originating from Lai Vung district in Đồng Tháp Province, Vietnam. It is characterized by its distinctive sour, spicy, salty, and sweet flavors, achieved through natural fermentation without heat treatment.

Đồng Tháp province
Đồng Tháp is a province in the Mekong Delta, Việt Nam. It has a 50 kilometer border with Prey Veng province (Cambodia) in the North, Tây Ninh province in the Northeast, Hồ Chí Minh city in the east (separated by the Soài Rạp river), South China Sea, Vĩnh Long province in the South, An Giang province in the West, and Cần Thơ city in the Southwest.
QuickTime Graphics
QuickTime Graphics is a lossy video compression and decompression algorithm (codec) developed by Apple Inc. and first released as part of QuickTime 1.x in the early 1990s. The codec is also known by the name Apple Graphics and its FourCC SMC. The codec operates on 8-bit palettized RGB data. The bit-stream format of QuickTime Graphics has been reverse-engineered and a decoder has been implemented in the projects XAnim and libavcodec.

Color quantization
In computer graphics, color quantization or color image quantization is quantization applied to color spaces; it is a process that reduces the number of distinct colors used in an image, usually with the intention that the new image should be as visually similar as possible to the original image. Computer algorithms to perform color quantization on bitmaps have been studied since the 1970s. Color quantization is critical for displaying images with many colors on devices that can only display a limited number of colors, usually due to memory limitations, and enables efficient compression of certain types of images.

The name "color quantization" is primarily used in computer graphics research literature; in applications, terms such as optimized palette generation, optimal palette generation, or decreasing color depth are used. Some of these are misleading, as the palettes generated by standard algorithms are not necessarily the best possible.
Henry Koerner
Henry Koerner (born Heinrich Sieghart Körner; August 28, 1915 – July 4, 1991) was an Austrian-born American painter and graphic designer best known for his early Magical Realist works of the late 1940s and his portrait covers for Time magazine.

Sheldon Museum of Art
The Sheldon Museum of Art (formerly the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery) is an art museum on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. The museum was established in 1963 when the university's art collection was moved to dedicated building at 451 North 12th Street. The building, designed by architect Philip Johnson and funded by siblings Mary Frances and Adams Bromley Sheldon, is made of Italian travertine, featuring a grand hall and distinctive central staircase.

The museum focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century art and houses over 12,000 artworks spanning multiple American art movements. An outdoor sculpture garden features more than thirty large-scale works. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
Kiwa tyleri
Kiwa tyleri, the Hoff crab, is a species of deep-sea squat lobster in the family Kiwaidae, which lives on hydrothermal vents near Antarctica. The crustacean was given its English nickname in 2010 by UK deep-sea scientists aboard the RRS James Cook, owing to resemblance between its dense covering of setae on the ventral surface of the exoskeleton and the hairy chest of the actor David Hasselhoff. The 2010 expedition to explore hydrothermal vents on the East Scotia Ridge was the second of three expeditions to the Southern Ocean by the UK led research consortium, ChEsSo (Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean).

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
Fulham Grange railway station
Fulham Grange was a railway station on the Outer Circle located in the suburb of Alphington, Melbourne, Australia. Located near the Grange and Heidelberg Road intersection, it was a quarter mile (0.4 km) from Fairfield Park station. Opened to serve the speculative housing estate after which it was named, it was provided with two side platforms, one located on a loop to the north of the main line. The station was opened with the line on 24 March 1891, and closed with it on 12 April 1893. The line through it reopened on 29 July 1919, as part of the APM Siding, closing again in the 1990s.

APM Siding
The APM Siding was a 1.125-kilometre (0.7 mi) long private railway siding in the suburb of Alphington, Melbourne, Australia, that served the Australian Paper Manufacturers paper mill (later becoming the Amcor Fibre Packaging, before being closed in 2012). The siding branched from Fairfield station, on the Hurstbridge line, and ran south-east, passing through the intersection of Chandler Highway, Grange and Heidelberg Roads, and entering the factory.
Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities
Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities is a mystery novel by James Lovegrove. It is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche that involves H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. It is the second book in  Lovegrove's The Cthulhu Casebooks trilogy, with the first novel, Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows, having been released a year previously.

Sherlock Holmes pastiches
Sherlock Holmes has long been a popular character for pastiche, Holmes-related work by authors and creators other than Arthur Conan Doyle.
Their works can be grouped into four broad categories:

New Sherlock Holmes stories

Stories in which Holmes appears in a cameo role

Stories about imagined descendants of Sherlock Holmes

Stories inspired by Sherlock Holmes but which do not include Holmes himself
Carl Christian Giegler
Carl Christian Giegler (or Giegler Pasha; 4 January 1844 – 31 August 1921) was a German-born telegraph engineer who acted as governor-general of the Egyptian province of Sudan from February to May 1882 around the start of the Mahdist War.

Romolo Gessi
Romolo Gessi (30 April 1831 – 1 May 1881), also called Gessi Pasha, was an Italian soldier, governor in the Turkish-Egyptian administration and explorer of north-east Africa, who described the course of the White Nile in 19th-century Sudan and modern Uganda.

Gessi was born to an Italian father and Armenian mother from Istanbul in Ravenna, in Romagna. He acquired his military experience serving in the volunteer corps of Garibaldi in 1859 and 1860.  He was one of numerous Garibaldi volunteers who went on to be regular soldiers, not only in the new Italian army, but in several others.
Herford – Minden-Lübbecke II
Herford – Minden-Lübbecke II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 132. It is located in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the Herford district and a small part of the Minden-Lübbecke district.

Herford – Minden-Lübbecke II was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2009 to 2025, it has been represented by Stefan Schwartze of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Joachim Ebmeyer of the  CDU.

Minden-Lübbecke
52°23′57″N 8°43′04″E﻿ / ﻿52.39917°N 8.71778°E﻿ / 52.39917; 8.71778

Minden-Lübbecke is a Kreis (district) in the northeastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Diepholz, Nienburg, Schaumburg, Lippe, Herford, Osnabrück.
Sidney Blatt
Sidney J. Blatt (October 15, 1928, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – May 11, 2014, Hamden, Connecticut) was a professor emeritus of psychiatry and psychology at Yale University's Department of psychiatry. Blatt was a psychoanalyst and clinical psychologist, empirical researcher and personality theoretician, who made enormous contributions to the understanding of personality development and psychopathology. His wide-ranging areas of scholarship and expertise included clinical assessment, psychoanalysis, cognitive schemas, mental representation, psychopathology, depression, schizophrenia, and the therapeutic process, as well as the history of art. During a long and productive academic career, Blatt published 16 books and nearly 250 articles and developed several extensively used assessment procedures. Blatt died on May 11, 2014, in Hamden, Conn. He was 85.

Beatrice Beebe
Beatrice Beebe (born June 8, 1946) is a clinical psychologist known for her research in attachment and early infant-parent communication. Her work helped established the importance of non-verbal communication in early child development.  She is a Clinical Professor of Medical Psychology at the College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University and the director of the Communications Science Lab at the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI).

Beebe received the Morton Schillinger Award in 2008, along with Frank Lachmann, for their "unique and fundamental contributions to psychoanalytic theory".
Authigenesis
Authigenesis is the process whereby a mineral or sedimentary rock deposit is generated where it is found or observed. Such deposits are described as authigenic. Authigenic sedimentary minerals form during or after sedimentation by precipitation or recrystallization as opposed to detrital minerals, which are weathered by water or wind and transported to the depositional location. Authigenic sediments are the main constituents of deep sea sedimentation, compared to shallow waters or land where detrital sediments are more common.

Detritus (geology)
Detritus (/dəˈtraɪtəs/; adj. detrital /dəˈtraɪtəl/) is particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through weathering and erosion. A fragment of detritus is called a clast. Detrital particles can consist of lithic fragments (particles of recognisable rock), or of monomineralic fragments (mineral grains). These particles are often transported through sedimentary processes into depositional systems such as riverbeds, lakes or the ocean, forming sedimentary successions. Diagenetic processes can transform these sediments into rock through cementation and lithification, forming sedimentary rocks such as sandstone. These rocks can then in turn again be weathered and eroded to form a second generation of sediment. Detrital grains commonly weather at different rates, according to the Goldich dissolution series, which dictates that early crystallizing minerals are less stable at the Earth's surface than late crystallizing minerals.
2014 in science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2014, including the first robotic landing on a comet and the first complete stem-cell-assisted recovery from paraplegia. The year also saw a significant expansion in the worldwide use and sophistication of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable electronics.

The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.

Geology of Mars
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of geophysics, geochemistry, mineralogy, geodesy, and cartography. A neologism, areology, from the Greek word Arēs (Mars), sometimes appears as a synonym for Mars's geology in the popular media and works of science fiction (e.g. Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy). The term areology is also used by the Areological Society.
Miler Magrath
The Most Rev. Miler Magrath (also Miler McGrath or Myler McGrath, Irish: Maolmhuire Mag Raith; c. 1523 – 14 November 1622) was a senior-ranking Irish prelate born in the Gaelic túath of Fermanagh in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. He came from a family of hereditary historians to the O'Brien clan. He entered the Franciscan Order and was ordained to the Catholic priesthood. The Vatican later appointed him the Bishop of Down and Connor in Ireland, but he converted to the Anglican Church of Ireland, becoming the Protestant Archbishop of Cashel. Magrath is viewed with contempt by both Protestant and Catholic historians, owing to his ambiguous and corrupt activities during the Reformation. He also served as a member of the Parliament of Ireland.

Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond and 3rd Earl of Ossory KG PC (Ire) (Irish: Tomás Dubh de Buitléir, Iarla Urmhamhan; c. 1531 – 1614), was an influential courtier in London at the court of Elizabeth I. He was Lord Treasurer of Ireland from 1559 to his death. He fought for the crown in the Rough Wooing, the Desmond Rebellions, and Tyrone's Rebellion. He fought his rival, Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond in the Battle of Affane in 1565.
Alexa Donne
Alexa Donne is an American author and Internet personality. She has published the young adult science fiction retellings Brightly Burning and The Stars We Steal, as well as various young adult thriller novels. Her latest thriller The Bitter End was published in 2024 by Random House Children's Books.

Crown Publishing Group
The Crown Publishing Group is a subsidiary of Penguin Random House that publishes across several fiction and non-fiction categories. Originally founded in 1933 as a remaindered books wholesaler called Outlet Book Company, the firm expanded into publishing original content in 1936 under the Crown name, and was acquired by Random House in 1988. Under Random House's ownership, the Crown Publishing Group was operated as an independent division until 2018, when it was merged with the rest of Random House's adult programs.
The Horse Trust
The Horse Trust (formerly The Home of Rest for Horses until September 2006) is an equine charity in the United Kingdom, based at Speen near Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire. It was founded in 1886 and is the oldest equine charity in the world. It was set up to help the working horses in London. Upon the decline of the working horse in the 1960s it widened its remit to include education and research, becoming the largest provider of equine welfare grants in the United Kingdom.

The Horse Trust's Home of Rest for Horses operates at its Westcroft Stables in the Chiltern Hills between High Wycombe and Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire. As of 2021 it provides lifetime sanctuary for more than 140 horses, ponies and donkeys.

Speen, Buckinghamshire
Speen is a village in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, situated in the civil parish of Lacey Green, in Buckinghamshire, England.

The centre of the village (depicted by the village sign) is 3 miles (5 km) south-east of Princes Risborough, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of High Wycombe. The village is a short distance from Hampden House, originally owned by John Hampden and a further distance from Chequers, the country residence of the Prime Minister.

The village has an annual fete which is usually held on the first weekend of July and a bi-annual arts festival which consists of entertainment shows, a theatre production and general activities on Speen Playing Field.
Happy Families (play)
Happy Families is a play written by John Godber in 1991.

It is an autobiographical play set in Northern England in 1978 and tells the story of a boy called John and his parents Vic and Dot.  It recounts the stresses and strains of growing up with his family throughout his teenage years. Other characters within the play include Jack and Liz (John's grandparents), Doris and Edna (John's Aunties) and Rebecca (Edna's Daughter). It is a memory play and the narrative jumps back and forth from when John was about 9 until when he graduates with a degree as a drama teacher. John Godber has described it as "humour with a touch of sadness".

It takes its name from the card game of the same name - Happy Families.

John Godber
John Harry Godber OBE (born 18 May 1956) is an English playwright, known mainly for observational comedies. The Plays and Players Yearbook of 1993 rated him the third most performed playwright in the UK after William Shakespeare and Alan Ayckbourn. He has been creative director of the Theatre Royal Wakefield since 2011.
Lesogorsk (work settlement), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Lesogorsk (Russian: Лесого́рск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Shatkovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:  1,015 (2010 Census); 1,079 (2002 Census); 1,090 (1989 Soviet census).

Shatkovsky District
Shatkovsky District (Russian: Шатко́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Shatkovsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,440.7 square kilometers (556.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Shatki. Population: 27,018 (2010 Census);  28,841 (2002 census); 30,364 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shatki accounts for 35.7% of the district's total population.
Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan
The Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan (ICC) is a student owned and operated housing cooperative serving students and community members in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The ICC is an active member of NASCO.

Rochdale Principles
The Rochdale Principles are a set of ideals for the operation of cooperatives. They were first set out in 1844 by the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers in Rochdale, England, and have formed the basis for the principles on which co-operatives around the world continue to operate. The implications of the Rochdale Principles are a focus of study in co-operative economics. The original Rochdale Principles were officially adopted by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) in 1937 as the Rochdale Principles of Co-operation. Updated versions of the principles were adopted by the ICA in 1966 as the Co-operative Principles and in 1995 as part of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity.
Carex chlorosaccus
Carex chlorosaccus (syn. Carex brassii) is a species of sedge in the family Cyperaceae, native to  the Gulf of Guinea islands, southwestern Cameroon, and central and eastern tropical Africa. It is typically found in upland grasslands and the understories of montane forests.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.