hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bradshaw's Guide
Bradshaw's was a series of railway timetables and travel guide books published by W.J. Adams and later Henry Blacklock, both of London. They are named after founder George Bradshaw, who produced his first timetable in October 1839. Although Bradshaw died in 1853, the range of titles bearing his name (and commonly referred to by that alone) continued to expand for the remainder of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, covering at various times Continental Europe, India, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of the Middle-East. They survived until May 1961, when the final monthly edition of the British guide was produced. The British and Continental guides were referred to extensively by presenter Michael Portillo in his multiple television series.

Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope (/ˈtrɒləp/ TROL-əp; 24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist and civil servant of the Victorian era. Among the best-known of his 47 novels are two series of six novels each collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire and the Palliser novels, as well as his longest novel, The Way We Live Now. His novels address political, social, and gender issues and other topical matters. He also wrote an autobiography, a book on William Makepeace Thackeray, a book on Lord Palmerston, five travel books, and 42 short stories.

Trollope's literary reputation dipped during the last years of his life, but he regained somewhat of a following by the mid-20th century.
Luigi Apolloni
Luigi Apolloni (Italian pronunciation: [luˈiːdʒi apolˈlɔːni]; born 2 May 1967) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a centre-back. At club level, Apolloni is mainly remembered for his time with Italian side Parma Calcio 1913, where he won several titles during his 13 seasons with the club. At international level, he was a member of the Italy national team that reached the final of the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

1999 Supercoppa Italiana
The 1999 Supercoppa Italiana was a match played by the 1998–99 Serie A winners AC Milan and 1998–99 Coppa Italia winners Parma. It took place on 21 August 1999 at the San Siro in Milan, Italy. Parma won the match 2–1 to earn their first and to date only Supercoppa Italiana.
Plumb bob
A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line. It is a precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical datum. It is typically made of stone, wood, or lead, but can also be made of other metals. If it is used for decoration, it may be made of bone or ivory.

The instrument has been used since at least the time of ancient Egypt to ensure that constructions are "plumb", or vertical. It is also used in surveying, to establish the nadir (opposite of zenith) with respect to gravity of a point in space. It is used with a variety of instruments (including levels, theodolites, and steel tapes) to set the instrument exactly over a fixed survey marker or to transcribe positions onto the ground for placing a marker.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities. It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

Instrumentation can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats).
2017 U Sports football season
The 2017 U Sports football season began on August 25 with the St. Francis Xavier X-Men visiting the Saint Mary's Huskies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Montreal Carabins visiting the Concordia Stingers in Montreal, Quebec. The season concluded on November 25 with the 53rd Vanier Cup championship at Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, Ontario. This season saw the first conference shift since 2001 with the Bishop's Gaiters moving from the Quebec Student Sport Federation to the Atlantic University Sport conference. 27 university teams in Canada participated in the newly re-branded U Sports football, the highest level of amateur Canadian football. The Western Mustangs defeated the Laval Rouge et Or, 39-17, to win their first Vanier Cup since 1994.

Concordia Stingers football
The Concordia Stingers football team represents Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, in the sport of Canadian football in the RSEQ conference of U Sports. The Concordia Stingers football program was created in 1974 from the amalgamation of the Loyola Warriors and Sir George Williams Georgians. The team has won three Dunsmore Cup conference championships, in 1982, 1993, and 1998. In 1998, the Stingers also made their first and only appearance in the national championship which was a loss to the Saskatchewan Huskies in the 34th Vanier Cup game.

The team is currently coached by Brad Collinson and plays home games at Concordia Stadium.
Premierships of Harold Wilson
Harold Wilson had two terms as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. His first premiership began in 1964 when Labour won the 1964 general election, and was consolidated two years later in the 1966 general election, when Labour won a much larger majority.

His first term as prime minister was noted for its liberal social reforms, and the expansion of education and social services, however it was also hindered by persistent problems with Britain's external balance of trade.

Labour lost power at the 1970 general election, but Wilson returned for a second term as Prime Minister of a minority government with the February 1974 election, which was consolidated later that year at the October 1974 election, in which Labour won a slim majority. In his second term, Wilson oversaw the 1975 referendum on Britain's membership of the European Community. His premiership ended when he resigned unexpectedly in 1976.

Sexual Offences Act 1967
The Sexual Offences Act 1967 (c. 60) is an act of Parliament in the United Kingdom.  It legalised homosexual acts in England and Wales, on the condition that they were consensual, in private and between two men who had attained the age of 21. The law was extended to Scotland by the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 and to Northern Ireland by the Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982.
Mati Ahven
Mati Ahven (born 3 February 1943 - died 12 February 2022) born in Rannu, Generalbezirk Estland, was an engineer and mechanic who was a member of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia and a voter for the Estonian restoration of Independence.

He graduated from Põltsamaa Secondary School in 1961 and the Faculty of Mechanization of Agriculture at the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 1969.

He worked as an engineer and production manager in Põltsamaa from 1969 to 1990.

In 1989, he was elected an member of the city council of Põltsamaa. From 1990 to 1992, he was a member of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, being a member of the Social Affairs Committee; He also participated in the work of the Land Use Group. On August 20, 1991, he voted for the restoration of Estonia's independence.

On February 12, 2022, Ahven passed away at the age of 79.

Order of the National Coat of Arms
The Order of the National Coat of Arms (Estonian: Riigivapi teenetemärk, French: Ordre du Blason National) was instituted by Konstantin Päts on 7 October 1936, to commemorate 24 February 1918, the day on which Estonian independence was declared. The Order of the National Coat of Arms is bestowed only on Estonian citizens, as the highest decoration for services rendered to the state.
Montebello Mosaics
The Montebello Mosaics refers to a set of two surviving Roman mosaics from the Hadrianic and Antonine era (118-150 AD), that were discovered in 1892 around Prima Porta, along the Via Flaminia. One consisting of an imitation Egyptian art, and another depicting Medusa, they both were acquired by American collectors at the turn of the 20th century, with the former now on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the latter in the Courtyard of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.

Roman mosaic
A Roman mosaic is a mosaic made during the Roman period, throughout the Roman Republic and later Empire. Mosaics were used in a variety of private and public buildings, on both floors and walls, though they competed with cheaper frescos for the latter. They were highly influenced by earlier and contemporary Hellenistic Greek mosaics, and often included famous figures from history and mythology, such as Alexander the Great in the Alexander Mosaic.

A large proportion of the surviving examples of wall mosaics come from Italian sites such as Pompeii and Herculaneum. Otherwise, floor mosaics are far more likely to have survived, with many coming from the fringes of the Roman Empire. The Bardo National Museum in Tunis has an especially large collection from large villas in modern Tunisia.
Groundbreaking
Groundbreaking, also known as cutting, sod-cutting, turning the first sod, turf-cutting, or a sod-turning ceremony, is a traditional ceremony in many cultures that celebrates the first day of construction for a building or other project. Such ceremonies are often attended by dignitaries such as politicians and businesspeople.

The shovel used during the groundbreaking is often a special ceremonial shovel, sometimes colored gold, meant to be saved for subsequent display and may be engraved. In other groundbreaking ceremonies, a bulldozer is used instead of a shovel to mark the first day of construction. In some groundbreaking ceremonies, the shovel and the bulldozer mark the first day of construction. In other places, this ceremony can be replaced by a "laying of the first stone" event.

Cornerstone
A cornerstone (or foundation stone or setting stone) is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure.

Over time a cornerstone became a ceremonial masonry stone, or replica, set in a prominent location on the outside of a building, with an inscription on the stone indicating the construction dates of the building and the names of architect, builder, and other significant individuals. The rite of laying a cornerstone is an important cultural component of eastern architecture and metaphorically in sacred architecture generally.

Some cornerstones include time capsules from, or engravings commemorating, the time a particular building was built.
Nikki Fuller
Nikki Fuller (born January 23, 1968) is an American professional female bodybuilder. At her largest, Fuller weighed 200 lb (91 kg). In competition, her height was listed at 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) and her biceps measured 18 in (457 mm). Some of her best lifts are 315 lb (143 kg) for a max on bench press and 1100 lbs for multiple reps on leg press.

National Physique Committee
The National Physique Committee (NPC) is the largest amateur bodybuilding organization in the United States. Amateur bodybuilders compete in competitions from local to national competitions sanctioned by the NPC. While the term "bodybuilding" is commonly used to refer to athletes participating in contests sanctioned by the NPC and IFBB Pro League, ten divisions are represented including men's bodybuilding, women's bodybuilding, bikini, men's physique, classic physique, women's physique, figure, fitness, wellness and Fit Model.
Mongolia Cricket Association
The Mongolia Cricket Association (MCA) is the governing body for cricket in Mongolia. Established in 2007 in Ulaanbaatar by Battulga Gombo, the association organizes domestic cricket activities and supports the development of the sport at grassroots and national levels.

The association became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 2021 and joined the Asian Cricket Council in 2025. These affiliations enabled participation in regional cricket development initiatives and administrative support programs.

Asian Cricket Council
The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) is the sport governing body of cricket in most countries and territories in Asia. The ACC was established in 1983, to promote and develop the sport of Cricket in Asia. Subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently consists of 30 member associations. Mohsin Naqvi is the current president of Asian Cricket Council.
Flag of Albania
The national flag of Albania depicts a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the center of a red background. The red stands for bravery, strength, valour and bloodshed, while the eagle – traditionally the symbol of Albanians – represents the sovereign state of Albania. The flag was established as the national flag of Albania when the country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912.

National History Museum (Albania)
The National History Museum (Albanian: Muzeu Historik Kombëtar) is a historical museum in Tirana, Albania. It was opened on 28 October 1981 and is 27,000 square metres in size, while 18,000 square metres are available for expositions.

The museum includes the following pavilions: the Pavilion of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Independence, Iconography, National Liberation Antifascist War, Communist Terror, and Mother Teresa.

The museum is closed for renovation until 2028.
Vyvyn Lazonga
Vyvyn Lazonga is a tattoo artist who began her career in Seattle in the early 1970s and was trained by Danny Danzl. She was the first woman to work for herself in the industry, not her husband or another male shop owner.  She worked in San Francisco and was tattooed by Ed Hardy in the 70s. She won the award for Best Tattooed Female in 1978 for his work. Later she was fortunate enough to meet Horiyoshi II at one of Lyle Tuttle's parties before returning in 1989 to open her studio in Seattle.

She has advocated the use of tattoos to cover mastectomy scars as an aid to recovery.

Lyle Tuttle
Lyle Gilbert Tuttle (October 7, 1931 – March 26, 2019) was an American tattoo artist and historian of the medium, who had been tattooing since 1949. He tattooed Janis Joplin, Cher, Jo Baker, Paul Stanley, Jeff Scranton, and many other American musicians, actors, and celebrities.
Dirae (poem)
The poem Dirae is one of the poems that make up the Appendix Vergiliana. It is a pastoral poem, told from the perspective of a Sicilian herdsman forced to give up his land to Lycurgus, who is receiving this land as a reward for his participation in the Roman civil wars. The herdsman spends the entire poem cursing the land so Lycurgus cannot benefit from it.

The scholarly history of the Appendix Vergiliana and therefore of Dirae has been one of authenticating the poems as works of Vergil. Modern consensus is that they are not by Vergil, and the focus has shifted to situating the poem in time and literary context.

Appendix Vergiliana
The Appendix Vergiliana is a collection of Latin poems traditionally ascribed as being the juvenilia (work written as a youth) of Virgil (70–19 BC).

Many of the poems in the Appendix were considered works by Virgil in antiquity.  However, recent studies suggest that the Appendix contains a diverse collection of minor poems by various authors from the 1st century AD.

Scholars are almost unanimous in considering the works of the Appendix spurious, primarily on grounds of style, metrics, and vocabulary.
Nightmare of Eden
Nightmare of Eden is the fourth serial of the 17th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 24 November to 15 December 1979.

The serial is set on the interstellar cruise ship Empress. In the serial, drug smugglers try to smuggle the deadly drug Vraxoin on the ship contained in alien beings called the Mandrels.

Doctor Who season 17
The seventeenth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 1 September 1979 with the story Destiny of the Daleks, and ended with The Horns of Nimon. This was Graham Williams' final season producing Doctor Who. The script editor was Douglas Adams.
Derna, Bihor
Derna (Hungarian: Felsőderna) is a commune in northwestern Bihor County, Crișana, Romania, 50 km from the county seat, Oradea and 35 km from Marghita. It borders the communes of Popești, Chișlaz, Brusturi and Spinuș. It is composed of five villages: Derna, Dernișoara (Alsóderna), Sacalasău (Sástelek), Sacalasău Nou (Újsástelek) and Tria (Terje).

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
Narmada district
Narmada district is an administrative district in the state of Gujarat in India. The district headquarters are located at Rajpipla. The district is bounded by Vadodara and Chhota Udaipur districts in the north, by Nandurbar district of Maharashtra state in the east, by Surat and Tapi districts in the south and by Bharuch district in the west. The district occupies an area of 2,755 km2 and has a population of 590,297 (as of 2011). It was 10.44% urban as of 2011. As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Gujarat (out of 33), after Dang and Porbandar.

Dang district, India
Dang district is a district in the southeastern part of the state of Gujarat. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in Ahwa. Dang has an area of 1,764 km2 and a population of 228,291 (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the least populous of Gujarat's 33 districts. As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed districts out of 640 districts in India.  94% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes. The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement between the East India Company and the Dang kings in 1842.
Parkside Studio College
Parkside Studio College is a studio school connected with Rosedale and Hewens College in Hayes, Greater London.

Students who attend Parkside gain qualifications in key subjects such as English, Mathematics and Science. They also study Information and Communications Technology, Business Studies and one of six specialist pathways.

Parkside places emphasis on a practical approach: students work on placement in their elected pathway area and are taught to develop employability skills.

Rosedale College
Rosedale College is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in the Hayes area of the London Borough of Hillingdon, England. The school was first established as Hayes County Grammar School and then became Hayes Manor School before being renamed Rosedale College.

The school converted to academy status on 1 August 2011 as a partnership with Hewens College. Previously Rosedale College was a Foundation School administered by Hillingdon London Borough Council. The school continues to coordinate with Hillingdon London Borough Council for admissions.

Rosedale College specialises in technology and applied learning, and has additional resources for the specialisms including a dedicated building where technology, IT, science and mathematics are taught. Other facilities at the school include a floodlit synthetic pitch and a separate sixth form centre.
Steinbukampen
Steinbukampen is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,997-metre (6,552 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of the village of Fossbergom and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Veopallan and Veotinden to the south, Styggehøi and Vestre Hestlægerhøe to the southeast, Nautgardstinden to the east, Glittertinden to the north, Galdhøpiggen to the west, and Veobreahesten to the southwest.

Fossbergom
Fossbergom or Lom is the administrative centre of Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the south shore of the river Otta, at the north end of the Bøverdal valley. The 1.47-square-kilometre (360-acre) village has a population (2024) of 839 and a population density of 571 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,480/sq mi). Fossbergom is the main population centre for the municipality and a large portion of the residents work in the tourism, commerce, and the service sectors.
1974 Minnesota Vikings season
The 1974 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 14th in the National Football League (NFL). They won the NFC Central with a 10–4 record, before defeating the St. Louis Cardinals 30–14 in the NFC divisional playoff game, followed by a 14–10 win over the Los Angeles Rams to claim their second consecutive NFC championship. The Vikings then lost 16–6 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl IX at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, becoming the first team to lose consecutive Super Bowls.

Tulane Stadium
Tulane Stadium was an outdoor football stadium in the Southern United States on the campus of Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. It stood from 1926 to 1980 and was officially the Third Tulane Stadium, following the "Second Tulane Stadium", which was located where the Telephone Exchange Building is now.

The former site is currently bound by Willow Street to the south, Ben Weiner Drive to the east, the Tulane University property line west of McAlister Place, and the Hertz Basketball/Volleyball Practice Facility and the Green Wave's current home, Yulman Stadium, to the north.

Tulane Stadium hosted the Sugar Bowl through December 1974 and three of the first nine Super Bowls, in January 1970, 1972, and 1975.
J. P. S. Uberoi
Jitendra Pal Singh Uberoi (September 1934 – 3 January 2024) was an Indian sociologist and philosophical anthropologist. He was a Professor of Sociology from the Delhi School of Economics. Uberoi is credited with contributions toward establishing sociology as a discipline of study in post-colonial India and also non-western reading of the west, including the study of the history and anthropology of science and European modernity.

Philosophical anthropology
Philosophical anthropology, sometimes called anthropological philosophy, is a discipline within philosophy that inquires into the essence of human nature. It deals with questions of metaphysics and phenomenology of the human person.

Philosophical anthropology is distinct from philosophy of anthropology, the study of the philosophical conceptions underlying anthropological work.