hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
108 Aquarii
108 Aquarii (abbreviated 108 Aqr) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 108 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation i3 Aquarii and the variable star designation ET Aquarii. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.194 and can be seen with the naked eye under suitably dark skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.23 (with a 3% margin of error), the distance to this star is 319 light-years (98 parsecs).

In 1962, Helmut Abt and John C. Golson announced that 108 Aquarii is a variable star. It was given its variable star designation in 1973.

This is an Ap star; meaning it has a peculiar spectrum that shows an overabundance of certain elements. It has more than three times the mass of the Sun and is 2.5 times the Sun's radius. 108 Aquarii is radiating 132 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 12,274 K. At this heat, the star has the white hue of an A-type star.

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
Karlheinz Förster
Karlheinz Helmut Förster (born 25 July 1958) is a German former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

The younger brother of another football defender, Bernd Förster, he was regarded as one of the world's top man-markers at his peak, and played most of his career at VfB Stuttgart with Bernd. Both were crowned European champions in 1980.

1983–84 Bundesliga
The 1983–84 Bundesliga was the 21st season of the Bundesliga, the premier football league in West Germany. It began on 12 August 1983 and ended on 26 May 1984. Stuttgart won the championship. Defending champions, Hamburg finished second. The 1983–84 Bundesliga season holds the record for most goals scored in a Bundesliga season.
Tinagma obscurofasciella
Tinagma obscurofasciella is a species of moth in the  family Douglasiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Kentucky, Maine, Michigan and Minnesota.

Adults have been recorded on wing in April and June.

The larvae feed on various rosaceous plants, including Geum and Potentilla species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Douglasiidae
Douglasiidae is a small Lepidopteran family. It includes around 32 species of micromoth whose adults are collectively called Douglas moths, after British lepidopterist and hemipterist John William Douglas. The largest genus in the family is Tinagma. They are primarily found in the Palearctic realm, with some Nearctic species. The adults have a 6 to 15 mm wingspan, with a reduced hindwing venation and long fringes. The larvae are leaf miners or borers, primarily in stems and petioles, belonging to Boraginaceae, Labiatae, and Rosaceae.
Bill Lockyer
William Westwood Lockyer (born May 8, 1941) is an American politician and lawyer from the state of California. A Democrat, he served in both houses of the state legislature, having been a member of the California State Assembly from 1973 to 1982 and the California State Senate from 1982 to 1998. He spent the last four years of his State Senate tenure as president pro tempore. He then served as California Attorney General from 1999 to 2007, and as California State Treasurer from 2007 to 2015.

President pro tempore of the California State Senate
The president pro tempore of the California State Senate (President Pro Tem) is the chief executive and highest-ranking member the California State Senate and serves as chair of the Senate Rules Committee. The Pro Tem is chosen at the beginning of each two-year session, via election by all the other senators-elect.

The current President pro tempore is Monique Limón, a Democratic member from the 21st district, who was sworn in on November 17, 2025.
William Prowse
Rear-Admiral William Prowse CB (1752 – 23 March 1826) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Rising from humble origins and joining the navy as an able seaman, he had a highly active career, serving under some of the most famous naval commanders of the age of sail, and participating in some of their greatest victories. He was at Grenada and Martinique under Byron and Rodney, the Glorious First of June under Howe; and commanded ships at Cape St Vincent under Jervis, Cape Finisterre under Calder and Trafalgar under Nelson. He finished his career by serving with distinction in the Mediterranean, and died with the rank of rear-admiral.

John Byron
Vice-Admiral of the White John Byron (8 November 1723 – 1 April 1786) was a Royal Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator. He earned the nickname "Foul-Weather Jack" in the British press due to his frequent encounters with bad weather at sea. As a midshipman, Byron sailed in a squadron under George Anson on his voyage around the world, though Byron's ship, HMS Wager, made it only to southern Chile, where it was wrecked. He returned to England with the captain of the ship.

Byron was appointed governor of Newfoundland following Hugh Palliser, who left in 1768. He circumnavigated the world as a commodore with his own squadron in 1764–1766. Byron fought in several battles of the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence, and rose to vice admiral before his death in 1786. His grandsons include the poet Lord Byron and the admiral and explorer George Byron, 7th Baron Byron. One of Byron's great-granddaughters was the mathematician and informatics pioneer Ada Lovelace.
Ma Kai
Ma Kai (Chinese: 马凯; pinyin: Mǎ Kǎi) is a Chinese retired politician who served as a vice premier of China from 2013 to 2018. He was formerly the chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission from 2003 to 2008, and a State Councilor and secretary-general of the State Council from 2008 to 2013.

State councillor
A State Councillor of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国务委员; pinyin: guówù wěiyuán) serves as a senior vice leader within the State Council and shares responsibilities with the Vice Premiers in assisting the Premier in the administration and coordination of governmental affairs.
Vindhyan Ecology and Natural History Foundation
The Vindhyan Ecology and Natural History Foundation (VENHF) is a registered non-profit organisation (2012) with its headquarter in Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, working for the protection and conservation of the nature, natural resources and rights of the nature dependent communities in the ecologically fragile landscape of Vindhya Range in India. Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan is the flagship campaign of the organization.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav.

The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.
1976 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1976 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 89th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

St Vincent's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 18 July 1976 at Parnell Park in Donnycarney, between Kilmacud Crokes and Craobh Chiaráin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilmacud Crokes won the match by 0–17 to 2–08 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
Arrondissements of the Haute-Garonne department
The 3 arrondissements of the Haute-Garonne department are:

Arrondissement of Muret, (subprefecture: Muret) with 126 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 231,646 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens, (subprefecture: Saint-Gaudens) with 235 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 77,331 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Toulouse, (prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department: Toulouse) with 225 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 1,125,390 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens
The arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens is an arrondissement of France in the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitanie region. It has 235 communes. Its population is 77,331 (2021), and its area is 2,139.6 km2 (826.1 sq mi).
Law of Florida
The law of Florida consists of several levels, including constitutional, statutory, and regulatory law, as well as case law and local law. The Florida Statutes form the general statutory law of Florida.

Florida Legislature
The Florida Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Florida. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of an  upper chamber, the Senate, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives. Article III, Section 1 of the Florida Constitution, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the legislature and how it is to be constituted. The legislature is composed of 160 state legislators (120 in the House and 40 in the Senate). The primary purpose of the legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. It meets in the Florida State Capitol building in Tallahassee.
Ponta do Lobo
Ponta do Lobo is a headland in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is in the municipality of São Domingos, 4 km east of Vale da Custa, 4 km southeast of Moia Moia and 11 km northeast of Praia. The nearby bay Porto Lobo was mentioned as P. Lobo on the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin. The Ponta do Lobo Lighthouse stands on the headland.

Moia Moia
Moia Moia is a settlement in the eastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of São Domingos. In 2010 its population was 205. It is situated near the east coast, 2 km southeast of Baía, 5 km northeast of Vale da Custa and 14 km northeast of Praia. It sits at an elevation of about 20 meters.
Chitina, Alaska
Chitina (Ahtna Athabascan Tsedi Na' [tʃɛ.diː.näʔ] < tsedi "copper" + na' "river") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Copper River Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 126, up from 123 in 2000.

Ahtna language
Ahtna or Ahtena (/ˈɑːtnə/, from At Na 'Copper River') is the Na-Dené language of the Ahtna ethnic group of the Copper River area of Alaska. The language is also known as Copper River or Mednovskiy.

The Ahtna language consists of four different dialects: Upper, Central, Lower, and Western. Three of the four are still spoken today. Ahtna is closely related to Dena'ina.

The similar name Atnah occurs in the journals of Simon Fraser and other early European diarists in what is now British Columbia as a reference to the Tsilhqot'in people, another Northern Athapaskan group.
Washington State Route 204
State Route 204 (SR 204) is a short state highway in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It connects U.S. Route 2 (US 2) at the eastern end of the Hewitt Avenue Trestle to the city of Lake Stevens, terminating at a junction with SR 9. The highway runs for a total length of 2.4 miles (3.9 km) and passes through several suburban neighborhoods.

The Everett–Lake Stevens road was originally added to the state highway system in 1937 as part of Secondary State Highway 15A (SSH 15A), which continued northeasterly to Granite Falls. The modern highway was built in 1954 and designated as SR 204 a decade later during the 1964 state highway renumbering, while the eastern half of SSH 15A became SR 92. Since then, suburban development in the area has necessitated planning for the reconstruction of the SR 9 intersection into a full interchange.

State highways in Washington
The State Highways of Washington in the U.S. state of Washington comprise a network of over 7,000 miles (11,270 km) of state highways, including all Interstate and U.S. Highways that pass through the state, maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The system spans 8.5% of the state's public road mileage, but carries over half of the traffic. All other public roads in the state are either inside incorporated places (cities or towns) or are maintained by the county.  The state highway symbol is a white silhouette of George Washington's head (whom the state is named after).
Aneroëstes
Aneroëstes (Greek Ἀνηροέστης) (died 225 BC) was one of the two leaders of the Gaesatae, a group of Gaulish mercenaries who lived in the Alps near the Rhône and fought against the Roman Republic in the Battle of Telamon of 225 BC. He and his colleague Concolitanus were hired by the Boii and Insubres in response to the Roman colonisation of the formerly Gallic region of Picenum. After some initial success in Etruria, when faced with the army of the consul Lucius Aemilius Papus, Aneroëstes persuaded the Gauls to withdraw, but they were cut off at Telamon (modern Talamone, Tuscany) by the other consul, Gaius Atilius Regulus, and forced to fight a pitched battle.

The Gaesatae fought at the front, naked apart from their weapons, but their small shields offered little protection against Roman javelins. The Gaesatae were forced back and their allies slaughtered. Colcolitanus was captured. Aneroëstes escaped with a small group of followers, who took their own lives.

Gaius Atilius Regulus (consul 225 BC)
Gaius Atilius Regulus (killed 225 BC at Telamon in battle) was one of the two Roman consuls who fought a Celtic invasion of Italy in 225–224 BC; he was killed in battle and beheaded. Atilius came from a prominent family of consuls for four generations; the family originally hailed from southern Italy.
Collemontanino
Collemontanino is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Casciana Terme Lari, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 261.

Collemontanino is about 40 km from Pisa and 10 km from Lari.

Lari, Tuscany
Lari is a walled mountaintop frazione, or hamlet, in the comune of Casciana Terme Lari, 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Florence and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Pisa, in the Tuscany region of Italy. The municipal seat of its comune, Lari dates from at least the 9th century BC, a fact established by its traces of Etruscan architecture. It sits at a high elevation for Tuscany and centers around a castle, with distant views in all directions. Physician Eusebio Valli was born in the hamlet.
Oladosu Oshinowo
Oladosu Olumuyiwa Oshinowo (July 1941 – 13 August 2013) was a Nigerian politician who served as the first speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly from 1979 to 1983, during the Second Nigerian Republic.

Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly
The speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the Lagos State House of Assembly, elected by its membership. The Speaker is second in line of succession to the Lagos State governorship, after the deputy governor. The Speaker also represents the members of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on 2 October 1979, there have been 10 legislative assemblies with 8 representatives holding the office of Speaker. The current Speaker is Mudashiru Obasa who was reinstated on 3 March 2025, following his impeachment in January.
Side collision
A side collision, also called a T-bone accident, is a vehicle crash where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted. These crashes typically occur at intersections, in parking lots, and when two vehicles pass on a multi-lane roadway.

Head injury criterion
The head injury criterion (HIC) is a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from an impact.  The HIC can be used to assess safety related to vehicles, personal protective gear, and sport equipment.

Normally the variable is derived from the measurements of an accelerometer mounted at the center of mass of a crash test dummy’s head, when the dummy is exposed to crash forces.

It is defined as:
 
where t1 and t2 are the initial and final times (in seconds) chosen to maximize HIC, and acceleration a is measured in gs (standard gravity acceleration).  The time duration, t2 – t1, is limited to a maximum value of 36 ms, usually 15 ms.

This means that the HIC includes the effects of head acceleration and the duration of the acceleration.  Large accelerations may be tolerated for very short times.

At a HIC of 1000, there is an 18% probability of a severe head injury, a 55% probability of a serious injury and a 90% probability of a moderate head injury to the average adult.
Particle in a ring
In quantum mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted to a ring (technically, whose configuration space is the circle ) is

with boundary conditions

expressing the fact that the particle is in a ring.

Free particle
In physics, a free particle is a particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential energy varies. In classical physics, this means the particle is present in a "field-free" space. In quantum mechanics, it means the particle is in a region of uniform potential, usually set to zero in the region of interest since the potential can be arbitrarily set to zero at any point in space.
1983 Copa América
The 1983 Copa América football tournament was played between 10 August and 4 November, with all ten CONMEBOL members participating. Defending champions Paraguay received a bye into the semi-finals.

The cup was won by Uruguay, that beat Brazil in the final match. This achievement ended Uruguay's 16-year streak without an official championship since the 1967 South American Championship, and qualified the Celestes to play the first Artemio Franchi Trophy in 1985 against France, winner of the UEFA Euro 1984.

1967 South American Championship
The 1967 South American Football Championship was won by hosts Uruguay, with Argentina finished second. Brazil and Peru withdrew from the tournament. It was the first tournament in which Venezuela participated. It would be the last time the tournament would be known as the South American Football Championship before being rebranded to Copa América, and the last time it would be formatted as a round-robin tournament.
Heroes Reborn (1996 comic)
"Heroes Reborn" is a 1996–97 crossover story arc among comic book series published by the American company Marvel Comics. During this one-year, multi-title story arc, Marvel temporarily outsourced the production of several of its best-known comic books to the studios of artists Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld, who had been among Marvel's most popular artists before leaving to form independent companies.

Celestial (comics)
The Celestials are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Depicted as cosmic beings, they debuted in the Bronze Age of Comic Books and have reappeared on numerous occasions.

They also appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe live-action films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Eternals (2021), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
Jameh Mosque of Dezful
The Jameh Mosque of Dezful (Persian: مسجد جامع دزفول; Arabic: جامع دزفول), also known as the Great Mosque of Desfool, is a Friday mosque located in Dezful, in the Dezful County of the province of Khuzestan, Iran. Situated on Imam Khomeini Street, the mosque was completed in c. 3rd or 4th century AH (c. 7th or 8th centuries CE) in the Sasanian architecture style, and is the oldest and first mosque in Dezful, and one of the oldest mosques in Iran.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 20 December 1936, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Iwan
An iwan (Persian: ایوان, eyvān, also romanized as ivan or ivān/īvān, Arabic: إيوان, ’īwān) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called pishtaq, a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. Since the definition allows for some interpretation, the overall forms and characteristics can vary greatly in terms of scale, material, or decoration.

Iwans are most commonly associated with Islamic architecture; however, the form is pre-Islamic Iranian in origin and was invented much earlier and fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian period.
Basset clarinet
The basset clarinet is a member of the clarinet family similar to the usual soprano clarinet but longer and with additional keys to enable playing several additional lower notes. Typically a basset clarinet has keywork going to a low (written) C or B, as opposed to the standard clarinet's E or E♭. The basset clarinet is most commonly a transposing instrument in A, although basset clarinets in C and B♭ and very seldom in G also exist. The similarly named basset horn is also a clarinet with extended lower range, but is in a lower pitch (typically F); the basset horn predates, and undoubtedly inspired, the basset clarinet.

Thomas Adès
Thomas Joseph Edmund Adès CBE (born 1 March 1971) is a British composer, pianist and conductor. Five compositions by Adès received votes in the 2017 Classic Voice poll of the greatest works of art music since 2000: The Tempest (2004), Violin Concerto (2005), Tevot (2007), In Seven Days (2008), and Polaris (2010). Major recent works include: Dante (2020) and Aquifer (2024).
Roh Sang-rae
Roh Sang-rae (Korean: 노상래 [no saŋ.nɛ]; born 15 December 1970) is a South Korean retired footballer who played the majority of his professional career with the Jeonnam Dragons as a forward. He is currently manager of Jeonnam Dragons.

Jeonnam Dragons
The Jeonnam Dragons (Korean: 전남 드래곤즈 FC) are a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. The Dragons play their home matches at the Gwangyang Football Stadium, one of the first football-specific stadiums in South Korea. They have won the Korean FA Cup four times (1997, 2006, 2007 and 2021) and were the runners-up of K League in 1997. They also reached the final of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Al Ittihad.