hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yiyang Town
Yiyang Town (Chinese: 宜阳镇; pinyin: Yíyáng Zhèn) is a historic town and the former county seat of Changning City in Hunan, China. The town was established in 1935 and it was divided into 3 subdistricts and ceased to be as a separate town in 2008. It had an area of 67.5 km2 (26.1 sq mi) with a population of 67,354 (as of 2000 census). It had 19 villages and 13 communities under its jurisdiction in 2007.

Changning, Hunan
Changning is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, under the administration of  Hengyang prefecture-level City. Located on the south-central part of the province, the city is bordered to the north by Qidong and Hengnan Counties, to the east by Leiyang City, to the south by Guiyang County, and to the west by Qiyang County. Changning City covers 2,046.6 km2 (790.2 sq mi) with a registered population of 958,988 and resident population of 810,447 (as of the 2010 census). The city has three subdistricts, 14 towns and four townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Yiyang Subdistrict (宜阳街道).
Braxton Cook
Braxton Cook (born March 27, 1991) is an American alto saxophonist and singer-songwriter. He has toured with jazz musicians Christian Scott, Christian McBride, and Marquis Hill, and performed with Jon Batiste, Mac Miller, and Rihanna. In 2017, Fader named Cook a "jazz prodigy," and in 2018, Ebony listed him as one of the "top five jazz artists to watch."

Marquis Hill
Marquis Hill (born April 15, 1987) is an American jazz trumpet player, composer, and bandleader from Chicago, Illinois. His musical style stems from African-American music, incorporating hip-hop, R&B, Chicago house, neo-soul, and jazz into his playing. In 2014 Hill won the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz International Trumpet Competition. He strongly advocates for the education of the next generation of musicians through active mentoring, treating the music he creates as a living art.
Khowar
Khowar (کھووار, Khōwār, [kʰɔːwɑːɾ]), also known by its common exonym Chitrali, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group, primarily spoken by the Kho people (Chitralis), native to the Chitral region and surrounding areas of Pakistan.

Khowar is the lingua franca of Chitral, and it is also spoken in the Gupis-Yasin and Ghizer districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, as well as in the Upper Swat district.

Speakers of Khowar have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres, with Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar having significant populations. It is also spoken as a second language by the Kalash people.

Georg Morgenstierne
Georg Valentin von Munthe af Morgenstierne (2 January 1892 – 3 March 1978) was a Norwegian professor of linguistics with the University of Oslo (UiO). He specialized in Indo-Iranian languages. In 1944, he was imprisoned as a hostage by Nazi occupation forces.
Raffaelea
Raffaelea is a genus of ambrosia fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with Raffaelea ambrosiae as the type species. The genus is named in honor of Italian botanist Raffaele Ciferri.

Laurel wilt is a disease of redbay (Persea borbonia) caused by Raffaelea lauricola. This fungus, harbored in the mycangium of the redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus, is in the form of a budding yeast in the mycangium and a filamentous fungus in galleries of the beetle. Several species also resident in the beetle were described as new to science in 2010: R. ellipticospora, R. fusca, R. subalba, and R. subfusca.

Laurel wilt
Laurel wilt, also called laurel wilt disease, is a vascular disease that is caused by the fungus Harringtonia lauricola (previously known as Raffaelea lauricola), which is transmitted by the invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. The disease affects and kills members of the laurel family. The avocado is perhaps the most commercially valuable plant affected by laurel wilt.
2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series
The 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 30th season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second national professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season included thirty-four races, beginning with the DRIVE4COPD 300 at Daytona International Speedway and ending with the Ford 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. During the 2010 season, NASCAR announced a few notable calendar changes, including race additions at Iowa Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway, and the removal of Gateway International Raceway from the schedule. Jack Roush won the Owners' Championship, while Ricky Stenhouse Jr. of Roush Fenway Racing won the Drivers' Championship with a second-place finish at the final race of the season. Ford won the Manufacturers' Championship with 212 points.

Rookie of the Year (award)
A Rookie of the Year award or ROY is given by a number of sports leagues to the top-performing athlete in their first season within the league. Athletes competing for the first time in any given league are also known as "rookies". The method of giving out the award varies by league with many team sports giving the award based on a subjective vote of selected people, While many individual sports may give the award on more objective criteria such as awarding it to the top finishing rookie athlete based on end of season standings or their finish in a specific event.
Link Lake Deformation Zone
The Link Lake Deformation Zone, also known as the Link Lake Zone of Deformation and the Link Lake Shear Zone, is a zone of deformation in Strathy Township of Temagami, Ontario, Canada. It is at least 0.5 km (0.31 mi) wide and over 3 km (1.9 mi) long, extending from Link Lake in the west to east of Highway 11.

Shear zone
In geology, a shear zone  is a thin zone within the Earth's crust or upper mantle that has been strongly deformed, due to the walls of rock on either side of the zone slipping past each other. In the upper crust, where rock is brittle, the shear zone takes the form of a fracture called a fault. In the lower crust and mantle, the extreme conditions of pressure and temperature make the rock ductile. That is, the rock is capable of slowly deforming without fracture, like hot metal being worked by a blacksmith. Here the shear zone is a wider zone, in which the ductile rock has slowly flowed to accommodate the relative motion of the rock walls on either side.

Because shear zones are found across a wide depth-range, a great variety of different rock types with their characteristic structures are associated with shear zones.
Wuppertal-Oberbarmen–Solingen railway
The Wuppertal-Oberbarmen–Solingen railway is a line in the Bergisches Land in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which connects the three Bergisch cities of Wuppertal, Remscheid and Solingen. It is classified as a main line and is double track and non-electrified.

Today's route is made up largely of sections of three formerly independent routes built by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (German: Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BME). The section between Remscheid and Solingen was built after the BME's nationalisation by the Prussian state railways.

Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company
The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company (German: Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BME), also referred to as the Berg-Mark Railway Company or, more rarely, as the Bergisch-Markische Railway Company, was a German railway company that together with the Cologne-Minden Railway (Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) and the Rhenish Railway Company (Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE) was one of the three (nominally) private railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia. Its name refers to Bergisches Land and the County of Mark.
Stefano Ghisolfi
Stefano Ghisolfi (born February 18, 1993) is an Italian professional rock climber, who specializes in competition climbing, sport climbing, and bouldering. In competition climbing, he completes in competition lead climbing, competition bouldering, and competition speed climbing, with lead being his strongest discipline. As a sport climber, he has redpointed sport climbing routes of grade 9b+ (5.15c), onsighted routes of 8c (5.14b), and solved boulder problems at grade 8C (V15).  In December 2018, after climbing Perfecto Mundo, he became the fourth climber in history to redpoint a 9b+ (5.15c) route.

Flatanger Municipality
Flatanger is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is Lauvsnes. Other villages include Jøssund, Hasvåg, and Vik.

The 459-square-kilometre (177 sq mi) municipality is the 216th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Flatanger Municipality is the 326th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,116. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Flatanger is also known for having some of the most difficult sport climbing routes in the world.
Długa Street, Bydgoszcz
Długa Street is the longest street of Old Town district in Bydgoszcz and the most important historically. It stands next to Gdańska Street and Dworcowa Street as one of the most important avenues of downtown Bydgoszcz.

Pinnacle
A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations. The pinnacle looks like a small spire. It was mainly used in Gothic architecture.

The pinnacle had two purposes:

Ornamental – adding to the loftiness and verticity of the structure. They sometimes ended with statues, such as in Milan Cathedral. Ornamental pinnacles of Milan Cathedral

Structural – the pinnacles were very heavy and often rectified with lead, in order to enable the flying buttresses to contain the stress of the structure vaults and roof. This was done by adding compressive stress (a result of the pinnacle weight) to the thrust vector and thus shifting it downwards rather than sideways.
Ali Shifau
Ali Shifau (born 19 May 1977) is a Maldivian film director, cinematographer and editor. One of the most successful filmmakers in Maldivian Cinema, Shifau is the recipient of a number of awards, including seven Gaumee Film Awards, and four Maldives Film Awards. In 2018, the Government of Maldives honoured him with the National Award of Recognition.

Gaumee Film Award for Best Director
The Gaumee Film Award for Best Director is given as part of the Gaumee Film Awards for Maldivian Films.

The award was first given in 1994. Here is a list of the award winners and the nominees of the respective award ceremonies.
2002 BNP Paribas Masters
The 2002 BNP Paribas Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 30th edition of the Paris Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris in France from 28 October through 3 November 2002.

The singles draw was headlined by ATP No. 1, San Jose, Indian Wells, Queen's, Wimbledon champion and Cincinnati finalist Lleyton Hewitt, Scottsdale, Miami, Rome and Los Angeles winner Andre Agassi and Australian Open, Hamburg runner-up and 2000 Paris champion Marat Safin. Other top seeds were Hong Kong and Monte Carlo winner Juan Carlos Ferrero, Madrid finalist Jiří Novák, Tim Henman, Sébastien Grosjean and Roger Federer.

2002 Siebel Open
The 2002 Siebel Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in San Jose, California in the United States that was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It was the 114th edition of the tournament and was held from February 25 through March 3, 2002. First-seeded Lleyton Hewitt won the singles title.
Reterritorialization
Reterritorialization (French: reterritorialisation) is the restructuring of a place or territory that has experienced deterritorialization.  Deterritorialization is a term created by Deleuze and Guattari in their philosophical project Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972–1980).  They distinguished that relative deterritorialization is always accompanied by reterritorialization.  It is the design of the new power. For example, when the Spanish (Hernán Cortés) conquered the Aztecs, and after the Spanish deterritorialized by eliminating the symbols of the Aztecs' beliefs and rituals, the Spanish then reterritorialized by putting up their own beliefs and rituals.  This form of propaganda established their takeover of the land.  Propaganda is an attempt to reterritorialize by influencing people's ideas through information distributed on a large scale.  For example, during World War I, the U.S. put up posters everywhere to encourage young men to join the military and fight.

Félix Guattari
Pierre-Félix Guattari (/ɡwəˈtɑːri/ gwə-TAR-ee; French: [pjɛʁ feliks ɡwataʁi] ⓘ; 30 March 1930 – 29 August 1992) was a French psychoanalyst, political philosopher, semiotician, social activist, and screenwriter. He co-founded schizoanalysis with Gilles Deleuze, and created ecosophy independently of Arne Næss. He has become best known for  his literary and philosophical collaborations with Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the two volumes of their theoretical work Capitalism and Schizophrenia.
56 Pine Street
56 Pine Street – originally known as the Wallace Building after its developer, James Wallace – at 56-58 Pine Street between Pearl and William Streets in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City, was built in 1893-94 and was designed by Oscar Wirz in the Romanesque Revival style.

The building's facade consists of brick, stone and terra cotta and features colonnettes, deeply inset windows and rounded arched openings.  The flowered panels and fantastic heads which embellish the building is "some of the finest Byzantine carving in New York."

The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1997 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007.

William Street (Manhattan)
40°42′22″N 74°00′35″W﻿ / ﻿40.70611°N 74.00972°W﻿ / 40.70611; -74.00972

William Street is a street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs generally southwest to northeast, crossing Wall Street. At Beaver Street, William Street splits in two. The western segment is known as South William Street and terminates at Broad Street, while the eastern segment continues as William Street and terminates at Stone Street. The northern terminal is Spruce Street. North of Beekman Street, in front of New York Downtown Hospital, William Street is a pedestrian-only street.
Lambeth Walk, Hong Kong
Lambeth Walk (Chinese: 琳寶徑) is a street in Central, Central and Western District, Hong Kong Island. It starts from Cotton Tree Drive near Harcourt Road in the east, passes by the Bank of America Tower and Lambeth Walk Leisure Garden, and connects to the junction of Chater Road and Murray Road in the west.

Lambeth Walk in Central is named after Lambeth Walk in south London, made famous by the 1937 musical Me and My Girl.

Murray Road
Murray Road (Chinese: 美利道) is a road in Hong Kong. It is sometimes considered a boundary between Admiralty and Central. Along with a few other places in the area, it was named after Sir George Murray, a soldier and politician from Scotland.
Rio Verde (Jamari River tributary)
The Rio Verde (Portuguese for "green river") is a river of Rondônia state in western Brazil. It is a tributary of the Jamari River.

Part of the river's watershed is covered by the 221,218 hectares (546,640 acres) Jacundá National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit.

Jamari River
The Jamari River is a river of Rondônia state in western Brazil.

Part of the river's watershed is covered by the 221,218 hectares (546,640 acres) Jacundá National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit.
The Jamari river is dammed by the Samuel Hydroelectric Dam near Porto Velho, which forms a reservoir that covers 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres). The Samuel Ecological Station was established in compensation for the environmental impact. The ecological station extends to the east of the dam and protects part of the Jamari river basin.
Geumosan (North Gyeongsang)
Geumosan (Korean: 금오산) is a mountain of North Gyeongsang Province, eastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 977 metres.

It is notably connected to South Korean president Park Chung Hee, as Park's birthplace is to its immediate east. A number of monuments (with some having been defaced due to Park's controversial legacy) to Park exist on the mountain.

Birthplace of Park Chung Hee
An exhibit of the birthplace and childhood home of President Park Chung Hee (Korean: 박정희 대통령 생가) is currently located in Sangmo-dong, Gumi, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Park was the 1963–1979 President of South Korea. The home was registered as Cultural Heritage No. 86 of North Gyeongsang on February 25, 1993.

Park was born in the home, and lived there until 1937. Other members of his family continued to occupy it late into the 20th century, although they have since moved out.

The home was built in either 1900 or 1916. The exhibit consists of a number of buildings, including an anchae, a sarangchae, and a memorial hall to Park and his wife.
WCEM (AM)
WCEM (1240 kHz) was an AM radio station broadcasting a sports format and was an affiliate of Infinity Sports Network. The station was licensed to Cambridge, Maryland, United States, and owned by the Draper Holdings Business Trust. WCEM was a sister station to CBS/Fox affiliate WBOC-TV (channel 16), NBC affiliate WRDE-LD (channel 31), Telemundo affiliate WBOC-LD (channel 42), and sister radio stations WBOC-FM, WCEM-FM, WAAI, and WTDK.

WBOC-FM
WBOC-FM (102.5 MHz) is a radio station that broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format. Licensed to Princess Anne, Maryland, United States, the station is owned by the Draper Holdings Business Trust, as part of a cluster with CBS/Fox affiliate WBOC-TV (channel 16), NBC affiliate WRDE-LD (channel 31), Telemundo affiliate WBOC-LD (channel 42), and sister radio stations WCEM-FM, WTDK, WAAI, WRDE-FM, WCEI-FM, and WINX-FM.
Busby Babes
The "Busby Babes" were the group of footballers, recruited and trained by Manchester United chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, who progressed from the club's youth team into the first team under the management of the eponymous Matt Busby from the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s. The squad most associated with the name "babes" was that of the 1957–58 season, many of whom died in the 1958 Munich air disaster, and who, with an average age of 22, had been touted to dominate European football for the next few years.

1957–58 in English football
The 1957–58 season was the 78th season of competitive football in England.

The season ended with Wolverhampton Wanderers as First Division champions after scoring 103 goals and Bolton Wanderers as FA Cup winners. However, the season is remembered most for the Munich air disaster which occurred on 6 February 1958 and involved Manchester United on the return flight from a European Cup quarter-final win in Yugoslavia; 23 people died as a result of their injuries in the crash, including eight of the club's players.
Stanisław Kopański
General Stanisław Kopański (19 May 1895 – 23 March 1976) was a Polish military commander, politician, diplomat, an engineer and one of the best-educated Polish officers of the time, serving with distinction during World War II. He is best known as the creator and commander of the Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade and Polish 3rd Carpathian Infantry Division.

Between 1943 and 1946, he was Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces in the West.

General (Poland)
Generał (pronounced [ɡɛˈnɛraw]) is the generic Polish language term for the rank of general. In narrow sense it is used to denote the rank of a four-star general introduced on August 15, 2002 (formerly generał armii - general of the army). The highest rank of the Polish Army, Marshal of Poland, is not used in peacetime, leaving generał as the highest rank. The symbols of the rank are the wężyk generalski (pronounced [ˈvɛ̃ʐɨk ɡɛnɛˈralskʲi]), or "general's wavy line", and four stars, present on the rogatywka cap, sleeves of the uniform, and above the breast pocket of a field uniform.
2019 Trofeu Internacional Ciutat de Barcelona
The 2019 Trofeu Internacional Ciutat de Barcelona was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Barcelona, Spain between 10 and 16 June 2019.

2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
The 2019 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's World Tennis Tour is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
2015 CONCACAF U-17 Championship
The 2015 CONCACAF U-17 Championship was a scheduled age-restricted international association football tournament organised by CONCACAF. The competition was used to determine the four CONCACAF representatives at the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Chile. The competition was hosted by Honduras.

CONCACAF Under-17 World Cup Qualification
The CONCACAF U-17 World Cup qualification is an international association football event in the North America, Central America and the Caribbean region, and is the qualification tournament for the FIFA U-17 World Cup.
QSO J0931+3204
QSO J0931+3204 is a type I seyfert galaxy, quasar, and elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Leo. The galaxy is at redshift z = 0.022551, equivalent to roughly 3.265 billion light years (1,000.97 megaparsecs) away and has an apparent visual magnitude of 18.76. It was discovered in 2003 in the HyperLEDA survey of over 950,000 galaxies.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.