hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Gaffney (politician)
John Gaffney was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from April to September 1938. He was elected to the 2nd Seanad in April 1938 by the Labour Panel. He did not contest the August 1938 Seanad election.

2nd Seanad
The 2nd Seanad was in office in 1938. An election to Seanad Éireann, the Senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), took place in March 1938, following the coming into operation of the Constitution of Ireland in December 1937. The senators served until the close of poll for the 3rd Seanad, in July 1938.
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres hurdles
The women's 400 metres hurdles at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held over three rounds at the Japan National Stadium in Tokyo, Japan, from 31 July to 4 August 2021. 39 athletes from 25 nations competed.

At the U.S. Olympic trials in June 2021, Sydney McLaughlin became the first woman to run the event in under 52 seconds, improving Dalilah Muhammad's world record of 52.16 secs to 51.90. In Tokyo, both women ran inside the world record, with McLaughlin winning the gold medal with a new world record time of 51.46, while 2016 Olympic champion Muhammad ran 51.58 for the silver medal. Dutch athlete Femke Bol broke the European record 
with 52.03 for the bronze, to move to third on the world all-time list. Another three national records (for Colombia, Belgium and Panama) were set during the competition.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
Enjoying the Ride
Enjoying the Ride is a live album by the rock group the Grateful Dead. Packaged as a box set of 60 CDs and commemorating the band's 60th anniversary, it contains complete and partial recordings of concerts performed from 1969 to 1994. Housed in a faux wood box, it also includes a cassette tape, a numbered sticker, a paperback book, a poster, a map, several bumper stickers, a keychain, a fridge magnet, several reproductions of backstage passes, tickets, and a note for tapers, as well as an essay from the Owsley Stanley Foundation. It was released on May 30, 2025, in a limited edition of 6,000 copies.

An album of selections from the box set on three CDs or six LPs, titled The Music Never Stopped, was also released on May 30, 2025.

Wang Theatre
The Wang Theatre is a theater in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It originally opened in 1925 as the  Metropolitan Theatre and was later renamed the Music Hall. It was designed by Clarence Blackall and is located at 252–272 Tremont Street in the Boston Theatre District. The theatre is operated as part of the Boch Center. The theatre was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1990.
Negara River
The Negara River (Indonesian: Sungai Negara or Sungai Bahan) is a river of Borneo, Indonesia. It flows in the southeast region of the island, within the Negara District, province of South Kalimantan. It is the second longest river in the province after the Barito River, which the Negara River flows into.

Tapin Regency
Tapin Regency is one of regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan. The regency was created on 14 July 1965 by splitting off the districts which had until then comprised the southern part of South Hulu Sungai Regency. The regency's motto is "Ruhui Rahayu", and this is also shared by another Indonesian province (East Kalimantan). It covers an area of 2,174.95 km2 and had a population of 167,877 at the 2010 Census and 189,475 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 202,061 (comprising 101,669 males and 100,392 females). The administrative centre of the regency is at the town of Rantau (in Bungur District).
Levan II Dadiani
Levan II Dadiani (also Leon; Georgian: ლევან [ლეონ] II დადიანი; 1591 – 1657) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ruler of the Principality of Mingrelia in western Georgia. Levan is known for his extensive raiding of neighboring countries and taking hostages for ransom.

Principality of Guria
The Principality of Guria (Georgian: გურიის სამთავრო, romanized: guriis samtavro) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was ruled by a succession of twenty-two princes of the House of Gurieli from the 1460s to 1829. The principality emerged during the process of fragmentation of a unified Kingdom of Georgia. Its boundaries fluctuated in the course of permanent conflicts with neighboring Georgian rulers and the Ottoman Empire, and the principality enjoyed various degrees of autonomy until being annexed by Imperial Russia in 1829.
Paul Kempeneers
Paul Kempeneers (9 December 1935 – 20 August 2025) was a Belgian philologist and linguist.

As a teacher, he published mostly didactic works, such as guides to correct Dutch, books about Dutch spelling and Dutch grammar. In 1970 he wrote a science fiction novel for children, named "Phantoms from space".

In 1982, he was promoted to doctor in the philology of Germanic languages, with an essay on the hydronymy of the rivers Dijle and Nete.  He became the principal of a school for adult education in 1984.

From the second half of the seventies on, he mainly wrote books and publications about the history of the municipality Tienen. During the 90s, he also covered the history of surrounding cities in the province of Flemish Brabant, such as Landen, Zoutleeuw, and parts of Linter.

Kempeneers died on 20 August 2025, at the age of 89.

Tienen
Tienen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtinə(n)] ⓘ; French: Tirlemont [tiʁləmɔ̃]) is a city and municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises Tienen itself and the towns of Bost, Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich, Oorbeek, Oplinter, Sint-Margriete-Houtem and Vissenaken.

On 1 January 2017, Tienen had a total population of 34,365. The total area is 71.77 km2 (27.71 sq mi), which gives a population density of 444 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,150/sq mi).
Salina Regional Airport
Salina Regional Airport (IATA: SLN, ICAO: KSLN, FAA LID: SLN), formerly Salina Municipal Airport, is located in Salina, Kansas, United States. The airport is owned by the Salina Airport Authority. It is used for general aviation, and has service by one passenger airline, SkyWest Airlines (operating as United Express), which is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

Salina Regional Airport is the home of K-State Salina and its Department of Aviation, which offers Professional Pilot degrees along with several other degrees in the field of aviation.

The airport is on the site of the former Schilling Air Force Base (previously Smoky Hill Air Force Base and Smoky Hill Army Airfield).

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is an American twin-engine turboprop regional airliner manufactured by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military organizations. With customers favoring larger regional jets, then-owner Raytheon ended production in October 2002.

Developed from the Beechcraft Super King Air, the aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few operators use its full-fuel range.
Ralf Sonn
Ralf Sonn (born 17 January 1967 in Weinheim) is a retired German high jumper.

His personal best, achieved during the indoor season in March 1991 in Berlin, was 2.39 metres. Only five athletes (Sotomayor, Thränhardt, Sjöberg, Conway and Holm) have jumped higher on the indoor track. His outdoor PB was 2.34 metres, achieved at the World Championships in Stuttgart.

Hollis Conway
Hollis Conway (born January 8, 1967) is an American track and field high jumper and a two-time Olympic medalist. He is currently employed by Lafayette Consolidated Government as the PARC Director in Lafayette Mayor-President Josh Guillory's administration. Conway previously served as the assistant director of Diversity, Leadership, & Education for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team under head coach Billy Napier. Conway was the top-ranked high jumper in the U.S. seven straight years from 1988 to 1994 and in the world for two of those years (1990 and 1991). Conway, John Thomas and Dwight Stones are the only Americans to win two Olympic medals in the high jump.
Countess of Nottingham
Countess of Nottingham is the title given to the wife of the Earl of Nottingham. Women who have held the title include:

Catherine Carey, Countess of Nottingham (c.1547-1603)

Margaret Howard, Countess of Nottingham (c.1591-1639)

Essex Finch, Countess of Nottingham (c.1652-1684)

Anne Finch, Countess of Nottingham (1668–1743)

Georgiana Finch-Hatton, Countess of Winchilsea & Nottingham (1791-1835)

Catherine Howard, Countess of Nottingham
Catherine Howard, Countess of Nottingham (née Carey; c. 1550 – 25 February 1603), was a cousin, lady-in-waiting, and close confidante of Elizabeth I of England. She was in attendance on the queen for 44 years.
1-Naphthylmethcathinone
1-Naphthylmethcathinone (AMAPN) is a monoamine releasing agent of the cathinone and naphthylaminopropane families. It is an analogue of methcathinone in which the phenyl ring has been replaced with a 1-naphthalene ring.

The drug acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 21.6 nM for serotonin and 55.2 nM for dopamine, whereas the EC50 for norepinephrine was not reported. However, AMAPN induced 92% release of norepinephrine at a concentration of 10,000 nM, indicating that it is an effective norepinephrine releaser as well.

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs may produce euphoriant, decongestant, aphrodisiacal, anorectic, nootropic, entactogenic, and/or psychostimulant effects. Drugs of this class tend to have high abuse liability, especially when taken in supratherapeutic quantities.

A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife.

The ancient burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Although specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral.

Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XX, alternatively 20th Dynasty or Dynasty 20) is the third and last dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1189 BC to 1077 BC. The 19th and 20th Dynasties together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period owing to the predominance of rulers with the given name "Ramesses". This dynasty is generally considered to mark the beginning of the decline of Ancient Egypt, coinciding with the Bronze Age Collapse which led to the end of the New Kingdom and the onset of the Third Intermediate Period. During the period of the Twentieth Dynasty, Ancient Egypt faced the crisis of invasions by Sea Peoples. Though the dynasty was able to successfully defend Egypt, it left the kingdom seriously crippled.
Parramatta cloth
Parramatta cloth was a cloth of the early 19th century from the town Parramatta in Australia. Initially, it was a coarse cloth produced by the inmates of Parramatta Female Factory, and used for convicts’ clothing. After 1815 the cloth was finished in a separate factory, producing a tweed of superior quality which was imitated by English producers.

Tweed
Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, of a soft, open, flexible texture, resembling cheviot or homespun, but more closely woven. It is usually woven with a plain weave, twill or herringbone structure. Colour effects in the yarn may be obtained by mixing dyed wool before it is spun.

Tweeds are a staple of traditional Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and English clothing, being desirable for informal outerwear, due to the material being moisture-resistant and durable. Tweeds are made to withstand harsh climates and are commonly worn for outdoor activities such as shooting and hunting. In Ireland, tweed manufacturing is now most associated with County Donegal but originally covered the whole country. In Scotland, tweed manufacturing is most associated with the Isle of Harris in the Hebrides.
Friant Dam
Friant Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the San Joaquin River in central California in the United States, on the boundary of Fresno and Madera Counties. It was built between 1937 and 1942 as part of a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) water project to provide irrigation water to the southern San Joaquin Valley. The dam impounds Millerton Lake, a 4,900-acre (2,000 ha) reservoir about 15 miles (24 km) north of Fresno.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Archaeological Museum of Chora
The Archaeological Museum of Chora is a museum in Chora, Messenia, in southern Greece, whose collections focus on the Mycenaean civilization, particularly from the excavations at the Palace of Nestor and other regions of Messenia. The museum was founded in 1969 by the Greek Archaeological Service under the auspices of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Olympia. At the time, the latter included in its jurisdiction the larger part of Messenia.

Stirrup jar
A stirrup jar is a type of pot associated with the culture of Mycenaean Greece. They have small squat bodies, a pouring spout, and a second nonfunctioning spout over which the handles connect like a stirrup. During the Late Bronze Age, they were used in the export of oils, and are found in large numbers at sites around the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. The term "stirrup-jar" is a translation of German "Bügelkanne", the name assigned to them by Heinrich Schliemann who found the first instances during his excavations at Troy.
Yokosuka E5Y
The Yokosuka E5Y (long designation: Yokosuka Navy Type 90-3 Reconnaissance Seaplane) was a single-engine Japanese seaplane used for reconnaissance. The E5Y was also built by Kawanishi as the E5K (long designation: Kawanishi Navy Type 90-3 Reconnaissance Seaplane)

Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter is a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine that was built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under licence.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced. The "Orion" name was later re-used by Bristol for an unrelated turboprop engine.

The Bristol Jupiter was licensed by the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-22.
Ryhaan Shah
Ryhaan Shah is an Indo-Guyanese writer born in Berbice, Guyana. She is the President of the Guyanese Indian Heritage Association (GIHA).

In November 2009, Shah was chosen one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims as a novelist, despite criticism for race baiting in Guyana's 2015 election.

The GIHA aims to promote Indo-Guyanese culture. The organization competes with the Indian Arrival Committee, which is aligned with the People's Progressive Party. GIHA seeks to maintain a distinct Indian identity, and is against assimilation or creolization into the greater Afro-Guyanese community. She has described Guyana as a stop-over point for Indians, seeking better, safer places abroad.

Shah lived outside of Guyana from 1976 to 1997 in the US, Britain and Grand Cayman.

People's Progressive Party/Civic
The People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) is a major political party in Guyana. As of 2025, the party holds 36 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly and rules the government since 2020. It has been the ruling party in the past as well, most recently between 1992 and 2015. In Guyana's ethnically divided political landscape, the PPP/C is a multi-ethnic organization with its base of support from the Indo-Guyanese people.
Eternal Rain
Eternal Rain is the debut Japanese studio album by South Korean pop and R&B singer Rain, released through King Records Japan on September 13, 2006. The album allowed for Rain to expand into the Japanese market after the success of It's Raining. It charted moderately in Japan, peaking at number 14 on the Oricon Albums Chart.

It's Raining (album)
It's Raining is the third Korean-language studio album by South Korean recording artist Rain, released through JYP Entertainment on October 8, 2004. Two singles were promoted for the album with accompanying music videos and promotions on music programs: the title track "It's Raining" and "I Do". The album was released in several territories throughout Asia in 2005, including Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Commercially, It's Raining peaked at number three on the monthly MIAK album chart in October 2004. It sold 153,577 copies in South Korea by the end of 2004 and was the 17th best-selling album of the year. The album has since sold over 1,000,000 copies throughout Asia according to the Korea Creative Content Agency. The album and its title track won various awards, including the grand prize at the 2004 Mnet KM Music Video Festival and the 2004 KBS Music Awards.
Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway
The Gloucestershire Warwickshire Steam Railway (GWR, GWSR or Gloucs-Warks Steam Railway) is a volunteer-run heritage railway which runs along the Gloucestershire/Worcestershire border of the Cotswolds in England.

The GWSR has restored and reopened around 14 miles (23 km) of track, operating between Cheltenham Race Course and Broadway. The most recent extension to Broadway (completed in 2018) involved the company raising £1.38 million. The 28-mile return trip on steam and heritage diesel trains follows part of the route of the former Great Western main line from Birmingham to Cheltenham. There is a long-term aim of extending a further 6 miles (9.7 km) from Broadway to the national rail network at Honeybourne.

Embankment (earthworks)
An embankment is a raised wall, bank or mound made of earth or stones, that are used to hold back water or carry a roadway.  A road, railway line, or canal is normally raised onto an embankment made of compacted soil (typically clay or rock-based) to avoid a change in level required by the terrain, the alternatives being either to have an unacceptable change in level or detour to follow a contour. A cutting is used for the same purpose where the land is originally higher than required.
Alaska Senate district C
Alaska Senate district C is one of 20 districts of the Alaska Senate. It has been represented by Republican Gary Stevens since 2023. Prior to redistricting, Stevens represented the R District from 2003 to 2015 and the P District from 2015 to 2023. District C encompasses the entirety of Alaska's 5th House of Representatives district and 6th House of Representatives district, including Kodiak Island, Seward, Cordova, Kachemak Bay, Ninilchik, and Kasilof.

From 2013 to 2022, district C covered parts of Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Denali Borough,  Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, and Copper River Census Area - these areas are now encompassed by district O, district R, and district Q.

Alaska Senate district R
Alaska Senate district R is one of 20 districts of the Alaska Senate. It has been represented by Republican Mike Cronk since 2025. District R is located in The Bush and encompasses the entirety of Alaska's 35th House of Representatives district and 36th House of Representatives district, including the Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, and Copper River Census Area.

From 2013 to 2022, the district covered portions of Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Sitka, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Hoonah–Angoon Census Area - these areas are now encompassed by district A.
107 Avenue
107 Avenue is a major arterial road in west-central Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It serves Edmonton's west side industrial district, neighbourhoods of the former Town of Jasper Place (amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964), the multicultural area north of Downtown Edmonton, Commonwealth Stadium, and the adjacent park & ride transit centre. The portion between 95 and 116 Streets has been dubbed the "Avenue of Nations", as immigrants from around the world live in this area, including African Nations, Arabic Nations, Cambodia, China, First Nations, Italy, Japan, Latin America, Poland, Ukraine, and Vietnam. Also, Chinatown lies just south of Avenue of Nations. 107 Avenue changed its name from 101 Street to 107A Avenue. 107A Avenue changed its name from 92 Street to Stadium Road. Stadium Road changed its name from 112 Avenue to 86 Street (Fort Road).

Fort Road & Manning Drive
Fort Road and Manning Drive together comprise a major arterial road in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is a major route connecting Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan on the west side of the Canadian National Railway freight line that itself connects the two cities. Fort Road formerly connected Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan in its entirety and was part of Alberta Highway 15; however, the section north of 137 Avenue was bypassed and named Manning Drive. Fort Road gets its name for its connection to Fort Saskatchewan, while Manning Drive is named after Ernest Manning, the premier of Alberta from 1943 to 1968.