hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Groesffordd
Groesffordd is a small village within the community of Llanfrynach in the county of Powys, Wales, and the historic county of Brecknockshire. The Welsh name signifies the 'crossroads'.  It lies just to the east of Brecon straddling the northern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park.  The village sits just to the north of the A40 road between Brecon and Crickhowell and north of the River Usk and Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal. The track of the former Brecon and Merthyr Railway runs through the village

The population of the whole community (not just Groesffordd) as taken at the 2011 census was 571.

Llanfrynach
Llanfrynach is a village and community in the county of Powys, Wales, and the historic county of Brecknockshire. The population of the community as taken at the 2011 census was 571. It lies just to the southeast of Brecon in the Brecon Beacons National Park.  The village sits astride the Nant Menasgin, a right bank tributary of the River Usk. The B4558 passes just to its north and the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal also passes around the village. The Welsh name signifies the 'church of Brynach'. The community includes the hamlets of Llanhamlach and Groesffordd.

The Cefn Brynich Canal Bridge Aqueduct over the Usk is a Grade II* listed structure.

The community is included in the Talybont-on-Usk electoral ward, which chooses one county councillor for Powys County Council.
Petrushka
Petrushka (Russian: Петру́шка, IPA: [pʲɪtˈruʂkə] ⓘ) is a stock character of Russian folk puppetry. It was first introduced by traveling Italian performers in the first third of the 19th century during a period of Westernization in Russian culture. While most core characters came from Italy, they were soon transformed by the addition of material from the Russian cultural context.'  Petrushkas are traditionally hand puppets. The character is a kind of a jester, a slapstick protagonist distinguished by his red dress, a red kolpak, and often a long nose.

Guignol
Guignol (French: [ɡiɲɔl]) is the main character in a French puppet show which has come to bear his name. It represents the workers in the silk industry of France. Although often thought of as children's entertainment, Guignol's sharp wit and linguistic verve have always been appreciated by adults as well, as shown by the motto of a prominent Lyon troupe: "Guignol amuses children… and witty adults."
Castel Group
Castel Group (French Groupe Castel) is a French beverage company. It was established in 1949 by Pierre Castel, who continues to run the company as a family-owned concern.

Castel is the largest French wine producer and owns the biggest French and foreign wine brands distributed in France. Castel Group is also the French leader for table wines and the number four for beers and soft drinks in Africa (after SABMiller, Heineken N.V., and Guinness), and—after Constellation Brands and Gallo—number four for wine worldwide. Castel claims to have a 25 percent share of profits from the African beer market.

E & J Gallo Winery
Gallo is an American wine producer and distributor. The company's headquarters are located in Modesto, California. Previously known as "E. & J. Gallo Winery," it was founded in 1933 by Ernest Gallo and Julio Gallo of the Gallo family and mainly exports California wines. It is the largest wine producer in the world by volume, producing more than 3% of the world's annual supply of 35 billion bottles and generating an annual revenue of $5.3 billion. It is also the largest family-owned winery in the United States, employing approximately 3,500 people in Modesto and 2,500 in other parts of the state, country, and world.
American Cup
The American Football Association Challenge Cup (also known as the American Association Cup or simply American Cup) was the first major U.S. soccer competition open to teams beyond a single league.  It was first held in 1884, and organised by the American Football Association (AFA).

In the 1910s, it gradually declined in importance with the establishment of the National Challenge Cup. The competition was last held in 1924.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
.40-65 Winchester
The .40-65 Winchester (also called the .40-65 Winchester and Marlin) was an American rifle cartridge.

Introduced in 1887 for the Winchester Model 1886, and available in Winchester single shots and in the Marlin Model 1895, it was "a further effort to put more steam" in repeating rifle cartridges. In the modern era, the cartridge has gained favor for metallic silhouette shooting and Black Powder Cartridge Rifle matches where it serves as a low-recoil alternative to the common 45–70.

It was commercially available in black and smokeless varieties until around 1935, and can be handloaded by reforming .45-70 brass.

.45-70
The .45-70 (11.6×53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-21⁄10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873. It was a replacement for the stop-gap .50-70 Government cartridge, which had been adopted in 1866, one year after the end of the American Civil War, and is known by collectors as the "Trapdoor Springfield".
Censorship of GitHub
The software development platform GitHub has been the target of censorship from governments using methods ranging from local Internet service provider blocks, intermediary blocking using methods such as DNS hijacking and man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial-of-service attacks on its servers from countries including China, India, Iraq, Russia, and Turkey. In all of these cases, GitHub has been eventually unblocked after backlash from users and technology businesses or compliance from GitHub.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
2016 Chinese Super League
The 2016 Ping An Chinese Football Association Super League (Chinese: 2016中国平安中国足球协会超级联赛) was the 13th season since the establishment of the Chinese Super League. The league title sponsor was Ping An Insurance. Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao won their sixth consecutive title of the league.

The run-up to the season saw clubs spend £200 million on players.

Yanbian Funde F.C.
Yanbian Funde F.C. (Chinese: 延边富德; pinyin: Yánbiān Fùdé) was a Chinese football club. The team was based in Yanji, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin province where their home stadium is the Yanji Stadium that has a seating capacity of 30,000.

The club's predecessor was originally called Jilin Football Team, and they achieved one top tier domestic league title before 1994, when the club was reorganized to become a completely professional football unit. At the end of the 2000 league campaign, the club was relegated from the top tier of Chinese football, however, the club faced financial difficulties and sold the first team as well as the franchise to Zhejiang Green Town. After the sale, the club assembled the reserve team and joined the third tier before they eventually gained promotion to the second tier in 2004, and first tier in 2015. It was dissolved just before the 2019 season due to owing taxes.
Peace FM 102.5 Maiduguri
Peace FM 102.5 Maiduguri is a public radio station in Maiduguri, the state capital of Borno, Nigeria. Nigeria's federal public broadcaster, It is owned and operated by the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN),

Maiduguri
MaiduguriListenⓘ (/maɪˈduːɡʊri/ my-DOO-guurr-ee) is the capital and the largest city of Borno State in north-eastern Nigeria, on the continent of Africa. The city sits along the seasonal Ngadda River which disappears into the Firki swamps in the areas around Lake Chad. Maiduguri was founded in 1907 as a military outpost by the British Empire during the colonial period. As of 2022, Maiduguri is estimated to have a population of approximately two million people, in the metropolitan area.
Robert W. Wood
Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor who made pivotal contributions to the field of optics. He pioneered infrared and ultraviolet photography. Wood's patents and theoretical work inform modern understanding of the physics of ultraviolet light, and made possible myriad uses of UV fluorescence, which became popular after World War I. He published many articles on spectroscopy, phosphorescence, diffraction, and ultraviolet light.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Dixmier trace
In mathematics, the Dixmier trace, introduced by Jacques Dixmier (1966), is a non-normal trace on a space of linear operators on a Hilbert space larger than the space of trace class operators.  Dixmier traces are examples of singular traces.

Some applications of Dixmier traces to noncommutative geometry are described in (Connes 1994).

Trace class
In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, a trace-class operator is a linear operator for which a trace may be defined, such that the trace is a finite number independent of the choice of basis used to compute the trace. This trace of trace-class operators generalizes the trace of matrices studied in linear algebra. All trace-class operators are compact operators.

In quantum mechanics, quantum states are described by density matrices, which are certain trace class operators.

Trace-class operators are essentially the same as nuclear operators, though many authors reserve the term "trace-class operator" for the special case of nuclear operators on Hilbert spaces and use the term "nuclear operator" in more general topological vector spaces (such as Banach spaces).
Geography of Idaho
The U.S. state of Idaho borders six other U.S. states and one Canadian province. The states of Washington and Oregon are to the west, Nevada and Utah are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north.

Clearwater River (Idaho)
The Clearwater River is in the northwestern United States, in north central Idaho. Its length is 74.8 miles (120.4 km), it flows westward from the Bitterroot Mountains along the Idaho-Montana border, and joins the Snake River at Lewiston. In October 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition descended the Clearwater River in dugout canoes, putting in at "Canoe Camp," five miles (8 km) downstream from Orofino; they reached the Columbia Bar and the Pacific Ocean about six weeks later.

By average discharge, the Clearwater River is the largest tributary of the Snake River. The River got its name for the Niimiipuutímt naming as Koos-Koos-Kia - "clear water".

The drainage basin of the Clearwater River is 9,645 square miles (24,980 km2). Its mean annual discharge is 15,300 cubic feet per second (430 m3/s)
County of Robinson
The County of Robinson is one of the 49 counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed in 1883 by Governor William Robinson who named it after himself. It lies on the north west coast of Eyre Peninsula stretching from Streaky Bay inland to include the Gawler Ranges Conservation Park at the southern cusp of the Gawler Ranges.

Local government spanning the county includes the District Council of Streaky Bay and District Council of Elliston, both established in 1888, and the District Council of Wudinna, established in 1925.

Eyre Peninsula
The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north.

Earlier called Eyre's Peninsula, it was named after explorer Edward John Eyre, who explored parts of the peninsula in 1839–41. The coastline was first charted by the expeditions of Matthew Flinders in 1801–02 and French explorer Nicolas Baudin around the same time. Flinders also named the nearby Yorke's Peninsula and Spencer's Gulph on the same voyage.

The peninsula's economy is primarily agricultural, with growing aquaculture, mining, and tourism sectors. The main towns are Port Lincoln in the south, Whyalla and Port Augusta in the northeast, and Ceduna in the northwest. Port Lincoln (Galinyala in Barngarla), Whyalla and Port Augusta (Goordnada) are part of the Barngarla Aboriginal country.: 230  Ceduna is within Wirangu country.
February 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
February 2 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 4

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 16 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For February 3rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 21.

Werburgh
Werburgh (also Wærburh, Werburh, Werburga, meaning "true city"; Latin: Vereburga; c. AD 650 – 3 February 700) was an Anglo-Saxon princess who became the patron saint of the city of Chester in Cheshire. Her feast day is 3 February.
Idealistic pluralism
Idealistic pluralism is a philosophical position that suggests while an individual's understanding of the world might be limited to only the ideas within his or her mind, it can be known in this way by more than one mind.

Idealistic pluralism rejects the idea of solipsism, which would be an idealistic monism.  In the philosophy of George Berkeley, an idealistic pluralism is found in his assertion that many minds (each knowing the world though their own representations) exist, separate from each other, and from God.

Solipsism
Solipsism (/ˈsɒlɪpsɪzəm/ ⓘ SOLL-ip-siz-əm; from Latin  sōlus 'alone' and  ipse 'self') is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.
2014 Asian Junior Badminton Championships – Girls singles
The Girls' Singles tournament of the 2014 Asian Junior Badminton Championships was held from February 19–23 in Taipei, Taiwan. The defending champions of the last edition was Aya Ohori from Japan. Ohori competed in this event as the first seeds, but she was beaten by the eventual silver medalist Chen Yufei from China in the third round. Akane Yamaguchi of Japan claim the title after beat Chen in the final with the score 21–10, 21–15. The second and fifth seeded Busanan Ongbumrungpan of Thailand and Liang Xiaoyu of Singapore finished in the semi-finals round, settle for the bronze medal.

2014 Asian Junior Badminton Championships
The 2014 Badminton Asia Junior Championships is an Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. It was held in Taipei, Taiwan from February 16 to February 23, 2014. This is the second time for this event has been held in Taipei after being hosted by the city in 2001. This year, over 250 top badminton players from more than 20 countries participated in the competition.
Rubria gens
The gens Rubria was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the time of the Gracchi, but they did not rise to prominence until imperial times.  The first of the Rubrii to obtain the consulship was Rubrius Gallus, some time before AD 68.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Quite Interesting Limited
Quite Interesting Limited is a British research company, most notable for providing the research for the British television panel game QI (itself an abbreviation of Quite Interesting) and the Swedish version Intresseklubben, as well as other QI–related programmes and products. The company founder and chairman is John Lloyd, the creator and producer of QI, and host of the radio panel game The Museum of Curiosity, which also uses Quite Interesting Limited for its research. John Mitchinson is the company's director and also works as head of research for QI.

Intresseklubben
Intresseklubben (English: "The Interest Club") was a Swedish panel show, aired in Sveriges Television between 2012 and 2015, based on the long-running BBC panel show QI. The show was hosted by Johan Wester, with Anders Jansson as a permanent panellist.
2019 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The 2019 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament was held from May 22 through 25. The top six regular season finishers of the league's eleven teams met in the double-elimination tournament to be held at Richmond County Bank Ballpark in Staten Island, New York. The tournament champion, Quinnipiac, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference baseball tournament is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference.  The top six finishers in the regular season participate in the double-elimination tournament, which in 2014 was played at FirstEnergy Park in Lakewood, New Jersey. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.
Gavriil Antonovich Katakazi
Gavriil Antonovich Katakazi (Russian: Гавриил Антонович Катакази, Greek: Γαβριήλ Κατακάζης; 17 July 1794 – 25 April 1867) was a Russian diplomat and Active Privy Councillor, also notable as the father of Konstantin Katakazi, Russian ambassador to the United States.

Active Privy Councillor
Active Privy Councillor (Russian: действительный тайный советник, deystvitelnyi taynyi sovetnik) was the civil rank (ru: чин / chin) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 2nd class and equal to those of General-in-Chief in the Army and Admiral in the Navy. The rank holder should be addressed as Your High Excellency (Russian: Ваше Высокопревосходительство, Vashe Vysokoprevoskhoditelstvo). If the Foreign Minister had the rank of the 2nd class, he could be called Vice-Chancellor.
1991 Speedway Champions Cup
The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway competition that took place between 1986 and 1993, featuring the national champions of the sixteen participating nations. It was discontinued with the introduction of the Speedway Grand Prix in 1995.

The 1992 championship was held at Elgane and the winner was Lars Gunnestad from Norway.

Speedway Champions Cup
The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway event organized by the International Motorcycling Federation (FIM) between 1986 and 1993.

This competition featured the national champions of the top sixteen countries. It was held to give smaller speedway nations their own "World Final", but was scrapped with the introduction of the Speedway Grand Prix in 1995.
Inka (La Paz)
Inka (Aymara and Quechua for Inca, Hispanicized spelling Inca) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Sud Yungas Province, Yanacachi Municipality. Inka lies north-east of the mountain Mururata and south-east of the mountain Wanakuni.

Mururata
Mururata is a mountain in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia. Approximately 35 km East of La Paz, the Mururata lies to the North of the Illimani. The Mururata offers accessible climbing, as its shape does not contain difficult obstacles.

Local legend states that the shape of Mururata, a fairly flat-top as compared to neighbouring Illimani, became that way due to an act of jealousy. Apparently Mururata was taller than the Illimani, so Illimani chopped off Mururata's head.

Another version says that Mururata looked down on the Inca. As a result the Inca was so outraged that he shot Mururata with his catapult and sent the top of Mururata away to the Altiplano to create the tallest mountain in Bolivia called Sajama.
Netherlands in the Roman era
For around 450 years, from around 55 BC to around 410 AD, the southern part of the Netherlands was integrated into the Roman Empire. During this time the Romans in the Netherlands had an enormous influence on the lives and culture of the people who lived in the Netherlands at the time and (indirectly) on the generations that followed.

Brittenburg
Brittenburg was a Roman ruin site west of Leiden between Katwijk aan Zee and Noordwijk aan Zee, presumably identical to the even older Celtic Lugdunum fortress. The site is first mentioned in 1401, was uncovered more completely by storm erosion in 1520, 1552 and 1562, and has subsequently been entirely eroded away. When built, it was located at the mouth of the Oude Rijn (old river Rhine), which has since moved. The site was about one kilometre (5⁄8 mile) west of the European Space Research and Technology Centre, now offshore in the North Sea).