hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (in case citations, S.D. Ind.) is a federal district court in Indiana. It was created in 1928 by an act of Congress that split Indiana into two separate districts, northern and southern. The Southern District is divided into four divisions, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Evansville, and New Albany. Appeals from the Southern District of Indiana are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The court has five judges, four full-time United States magistrate judges and two part-time magistrate judges.

The courtrooms are located in the Birch Bayh Federal Building in Indianapolis.

Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˈtɛrə ˈhoʊt/ TERR-ə HOHT) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and its metropolitan area had a population of 168,716.

Located along the Wabash River about 5 miles (8 km) east of the state border with Illinois, Terre Haute is one of the largest cities in the Wabash Valley; it is known as the Queen City of the Wabash. The city is home to multiple higher-education institutions, including Indiana State University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. It also contains the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, which houses the US federal death row.
Rıza Nur
Rıza Nur (30 August 1879 – 8 September 1942) was a Turkish surgeon, politician and writer. He was prominent in the years immediately after the First World War, where he served as a cabinet minister but was subsequently marginalised, and became a critic of Atatürk. His acclaimed autobiography Hayat ve Hatıratım was written from exile in France and Egypt as an alternative narrative to Atatürk's famous speech Nutuk that has dominated the historiography of Turkey. Like Halide Edib and Rauf Orbay, Rıza Nur's work is part of a body of early Republican literature that sought plurality in the increasingly authoritarian Turkish Republic.

Rauf Orbay
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was a Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhaz origin. During the Italo–Turkish and Balkan Wars he was known as the Hero of Hamidiye for his exploits as captain of the eponymous cruiser. Orbay briefly served as Minister of Navy in October 1918, and signed the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.

He played an important role in the Turkish War of Independence, during which he served as the prime minister of the Ankara government between 12 July 1922 and 4 August 1923.

During the Republican period he was one of the founders of the Progressive Republican Party. He was put on trial for his involvement in an alleged assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and sentenced to ten years in prison. Orbay was rehabilitated in 1939 and served as an MP for Kastamonu and then ambassador to London.
Stadion am Schloss Strünkede
Stadion am Schloss Strünkede is a football stadium in Herne, Germany. It is the home stadium of SC Westfalia Herne. The stadium holds 32,000 spectators and opened in 1910. At its heyday, it held up to 32,000 spectators, but renovations in the 1970s and the 2010s severely reduced the stadium's capacity.

SC Westfalia Herne
SC Westfalia Herne is a German football club based in Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club was founded on 13 June 1904 by the sons of the more well-heeled residents of the city as a rival to the worker-based club SV Sodingen.
Stokes problem
In fluid dynamics, Stokes problem also known as Stokes second problem or sometimes referred to as Stokes boundary layer or Oscillating boundary layer is a problem of determining the flow created by an oscillating solid surface, named after Sir George Stokes. This is considered one of the simplest unsteady problems that has an exact solution for the Navier–Stokes equations. In turbulent flow, this is still named a Stokes boundary layer, but now one has to rely on experiments, numerical simulations or approximate methods in order to obtain useful information on the flow.

No-slip condition
In fluid dynamics, the no-slip condition is a boundary condition which enforces that at a solid boundary, a viscous fluid attains zero bulk velocity. This boundary condition was first proposed by Osborne Reynolds, who observed this behaviour while performing his influential pipe flow experiments. The form of this boundary condition is an example of a Dirichlet boundary condition.

In the majority of fluid flows relevant to fluids engineering, the no-slip condition is generally utilised at solid boundaries. This condition often fails for systems which exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour. Fluids which this condition fails includes common food-stuffs which contain a high fat content, such as mayonnaise or melted cheese.
Ligonchio
Ligonchio (Italian: [liˈɡoŋkjo]; Emilian: Algûnc) is a frazione (borough) of the comune (municipality) of Ventasso in the province of Reggio Emilia, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Bologna and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia. It was an independent comune until 2016.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
GSS coding system
GSS codes are nine-character geocodes maintained by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics (ONS) to represent a wide range of geographical areas of the UK, for use in tabulating census and other statistical data. GSS refers to the Government Statistical Service of which ONS is part.

GSS codes replaced a previous system called ONS codes from January 2011. ONS codes were hierarchical whereas in GSS codes there is no relation between the code for a lower-tier area and the corresponding parent area.

Office for National Statistics
The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Welsh: Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.
Portable Contacts
Portable Contacts is an open protocol to make it easier for developers to give users a secure way to access the address books and friends lists they have accrued online.  The goal of the project is to increase data portability by creating a common and open specification to bridge proprietary contacts APIs such as Google's GData Contacts API, Yahoo's Address Book API, and Microsoft's Live Contacts API. It combines OAuth, XRDS-Simple and a wire-format based on vCard harmonized with schema from OpenSocial.

The editor of the Portable Contacts standard was Joseph Smarr of Plaxo and the project was co-maintained by Chris Messina.

Portable Contacts has been used by services such as Google Contacts, Windows Live Messenger Connect, as well as other specification such as OStatus.

VCard
vCard, also known as VCF ("Virtual Contact File"), is a file format standard for electronic business cards. vCards can be attached to e-mail messages, sent via Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), on the World Wide Web, instant messaging, NFC or through QR code. They can contain name and address information, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, URLs, logos, photographs, and audio clips.

vCard is used as a data interchange format in smartphone contacts, personal digital assistants (PDAs), personal information managers (PIMs) and customer relationship management systems (CRMs). To accomplish these data interchange applications, other "vCard variants" have been used and proposed as "variant standards", each for its specific niche: XML representation, JSON representation, or web pages.
Donna Singer
Donna Singer (born in 1965) is an American singer and a jazz vocalist. She has performed songs by classical jazz composers such as George Gershwin and Arthur Hamilton, as well as original works by her husband, pianist and composer Roy Singer.

Donna Singer's jazz quartet participated in Uncool, an international artist-in-residence program for musicians. Her record label, Emerald Baby Recording Company, has released nine of her CDs: six with the Doug Richards Trio, and three with the Ranses Colon Trio.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Shomi Patwary
Shomi Patwary (born February 20, 1982, in Dhaka, Bangladesh) is a filmmaker, and co-founder of the creative collective Illusive Media. Shomi currently runs a production company with his wife Punom Patwary based out of New York City.

Joey Badass
Jo-Vaughn Virginie Scott (born January 20, 1995), known professionally as Joey Badass (stylized as Joey Bada$$), is an American rapper and actor. Born in Brooklyn, New York City, he formed the regional hip-hop group Pro Era in 2011, with whom he has released three mixtapes and formed the larger collective, Beast Coast the following year.

Joey Badass signed with Cinematic Music Group as a solo act to release his debut mixtape, 1999 (2012) and its follow-up, Summer Knights (2013), both of which yielded critical acclaim. His first two studio albums, B4.Da.$$ (2015) and All-Amerikkkan Badass (2017), both peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and saw continued critical praise, while his third, 2000 (2022), peaked at number 22. He made his television acting debut in the USA Network series, Mr. Robot.
Tapp Tarock
Tapp Tarock (German: Tapp-Tarock), also called Viennese Tappen (German: Wiener Tappen), Tappen or Tapper, is a three-player tarot card game which traditionally uses the 54-card Industrie und Glück deck. Before the Anschluss (1938), it was the preferred card game of Viennese coffee houses, for example, the  Literatencafés and Café Central. Even today Tapp Tarock is played sporadically. The exact date when it appeared is not possible to identify; some sources suggest it may have been developed in Austria in the early 19th century, but its mention in caricature operas in 1806 suggest it was well known even by then and must have arisen in the late 18th century. The oldest description of the actual rules is dated to  1821. Tapp Tarock is considered a good entry level game before players attempt more complex Tarock forms like Cego, Illustrated Tarock or Königrufen.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.
SilverFast
SilverFast is a family of software for image scanning and processing, including photos, documents and slides, developed by LaserSoft Imaging. There are also other applications for image processing using digital cameras or printers, and for 48-bit raw data image processing.

TWAIN
TWAIN and TWAIN Direct are application programming interfaces (APIs) and communication protocols that regulate communication between software and digital imaging devices, such as image scanners and digital cameras. TWAIN is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.

The three key elements of TWAIN are:

Application software. For example, graphics software, a fax application or a word processor.

Source manager software. The source manager software is a software library provided by the TWAIN Working Group.

Device drivers (referred to as "Source software" in the specification document)

Both the application and the device driver must support TWAIN for the interface to be successfully used.

The first release was in 1992,
and it was last updated in 2021.

It was designed with the help of a number of companies from the computer industry, to try to establish a unified standard connection interface between computers and imaging devices.
Tettius Julianus
Lucius Tettius Julianus was a Roman general who held a number of imperial appointments during the Flavian dynasty. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of May–June 83 with Terentius Strabo Erucius Homullus as his colleague.

He may be the brother of Gaius Tettius Africanus, prefect of Egypt, who married Funisulana Vettulla, the daughter of Lucius Funisulanus Vettonianus, suffect consul in 78.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Thorsgade
Thorsgade (lit. 'Thor Street') is a mainly residential street in the Mimersgade Quarter of Nørrebro in Copenhagen, Denmark, linking Nørrebrogade in the southwest to Tagensvej in the northeast. The first part of the street is only open to one-way traffic in the direction from Nørrebrogade to Dagmarsgade. The street takes its name after the Norse god Thor. The now decommissioned Samuel's Church is located at No. 65.

Thorsparken, a small public park between Thorsgade and Allersgade, offers facilities such as a playground, soccer cage, picnic tables and benches.

Nørrebrogade
Nørrebrogade is the principal shopping street of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from The Lakes in the southeast to Nørrebro station in the northwest, linking Frederiksborggade and Queen Louise's Bridge with Frederikssundsvej. The street passes Assistens Cemetery, Nørrebro Runddel and the Superkilen linear park. Buildings include the multipurpose venue Nørrebrohallen and two churches.
Aligarh Airport
Aligarh Airport (IATA: HRH, ICAO: VIAH) is a domestic airport serving the city of Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at Khangarhi on National Highway 34 (NH-34), about 11 km (6.8 mi) away from the city centre. It is a key infrastructure project developed under the Government of India's Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS), also known as UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik). Built by upgrading an existing government-owned airstrip, it officially opened for commercial operations on 10 March 2024, after inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with flights to cities within the state to Lucknow, Azamgarh and Chitrakoot, operated by the regional low-cost airline, FlyBig.

Azamgarh Airport
Azamgarh Airport (IATA: AZH, ICAO: VEAH) is a domestic airport at Manduri village outside Azamgarh city, near Kuan Devchand Patti, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is being developed by upgrading the existing government airstrip. The existing airstrip can support aircraft weighing up to 5,700 kg (12,600 lb) with a runway of 1,400 by 23 metres (4,593 by 75 ft).
South Cascade Glacier
South Cascade Glacier is a large alpine glacier in the North Cascades of Washington, USA. It is bordered on the east by 8,261-foot (2,518 m) Sentinel Peak, and is about 17 mi (27 km) north of Glacier Peak in the Glacier Peak Wilderness. Meltwater from the glacier flows directly into South Cascade Lake, which feeds the South Fork Cascade River, which is a tributary of the Skagit River.

South Cascade Glacier is one of the four "benchmark glaciers" that is monitored by the USGS and its mass balance has been monitored since 1959. Its area has declined from 2.71 km2 in 1958 to 1.8 km2 in 2015 representing an area loss of 34%. Between 1958 and 2009 South Cascade Glacier lost nearly a half of its volume.

Cascade River (Washington)
The Cascade River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary of the Skagit River which it joins at the census-designated place of Marblemount. It is a National Wild and Scenic River.
Edward Bligh, 7th Earl of Darnley
Edward Henry Stuart Bligh, 7th Earl of Darnley (21 August 1851 – 31 October 1900), styled Lord Clifton until 1896, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was an English landowner and aristocrat who played first-class cricket for Kent and for other amateur sides in the 1870s. He was born and died at the English home of the Earls of Darnley, Cobham Hall, at Cobham, near Gravesend in Kent.

"(Lord) Clifton"—as he often signed—was a well-known ornithologist.

Cobham Hall
Cobham Hall is an English country house in the county of Kent, England. The grade I listed building is one of the largest and most important houses in Kent, re-built as an Elizabethan prodigy house by William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham (1527–1597). The central block was rebuilt 1672–82 by Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639–1672).

Today the building houses Cobham Hall School, a private day and boarding school, established there in 1962, which retains 150 acres (60 ha) of the ancient estate.

The historic dairy, designed by the architect James Wyatt as an eyecatcher, was restored by the Landmark Trust  and opened as a holiday destination in 2019.
2011 Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship
The 2011 Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship was held on 5 November and 12 November 2011. The first leg was played at Mong Kok Stadium, Hong Kong, with the second leg taken place at Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium, Shanghai.

Wofoo Tai Po was selected to represent Hong Kong due to a better league position (5th) in the previous season than the other applicant Citizen (6th).

The second leg in Shanghai is also named as 2011 Dongping National Forest Park Cup after sponsorship from Shanghai Cong Ming Travel.

Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship
The Hong Kong–Shanghai Inter Club Championship (Chinese: 滬港球會盃) was an annual football challenge match between two clubs representing Hong Kong and Shanghai. It was established in its most recent format in 2005 and folded in 2015.
Fulwell, Oxfordshire
Fulwell is a hamlet in the civil parish of Enstone in Oxfordshire, England.  It lies about 4.5 miles (7 km) southeast of Chipping Norton. Fulwell's toponym is derived from its "foul well".   The hamlet was part of the manor of Spelsbury in the ancient parish and later civil parish of Spelsbury.  In 1985 Fulwell was transferred to the civil parish of Enstone.

Chipping Norton
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswolds in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.
Hasaacas Ladies F.C.
Sekondi Hasaacas Ladies F.C. is a Ghanaian professional women's football club based in Sekondi-Takoradi in the Western Region of Ghana. The club features in the Ghana Women’s Premier League. The club was formed as a women's club by Sekondi Hasaacas F.C. football management. It is currently the most successful women's club in Ghana after winning the Women's League on 4 occasions.

Ghana Women's FA Cup
The Ghana Women's FA Cup, is the top women's knockout tournament of the Ghanaian association football. The competition is played between the clubs of the Ghana Women's Premier League and Division One League. The inaugural winners of the competition were Police Ladies.
Gwen Gardner
Gwen Gardner (born September 7, 1960) is an American female track and field sprinter who specialized in the 400-meter dash. An African-American, she grew up in Los Angeles, California. Collegiately she competed for the UNLV Rebels and was among their best sprinters in the mid-1980s.

Gardner looked to be a key figure for the United States track team after a runner-up finish to Sherri Howard in the 400 m at the 1980 United States Olympic Trials, but the boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics meant she ultimately did not compete in Moscow. The Liberty Bell Classic was organised for the boycotting nations and Gardner topped the field at this event, winning in 52.04 seconds ahead of Canada's Charmaine Crooks. She also placed third in the 400 m at the 1980 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, held separately that year. Gardner was one of 461 Olympic athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Socialism in the Empire of Japan
Socialist thought in Imperial Japan appeared during the Meiji period (1868–1912) with the development of numerous relatively short-lived political parties through the early Shōwa period. Left-wing parties, whether advocating communism or socialism, provoked hostility from the mainstream political parties, oligarchs and military alike, and many were either banned or went underground soon after formation. Although occasionally winning a seat in the lower house of the Diet of Japan, left-socialist parties played little role in the government of the Empire of Japan.

Peace Preservation Law
The Peace Preservation Law (治安維持法, Chian iji hō) was a Japanese law enacted on April 22, 1925, with the aim of allowing the Special Higher Police to more effectively suppress alleged socialists and communists. In addition to criminalizing forming an association with the aim of altering the kokutai ("national essence") of Japan, the law also explicitly criminalized criticism of the system of private property and became the centerpiece of a broad apparatus of thought control in Imperial Japan. Altogether, more than 70,000 people were arrested under the provisions of the law until its repeal by Allied occupation authorities at the end of World War II.