hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potamides archiaci
† Potamides archiaci is an extinct species of sea snail, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Potamididae.

The specific name archiaci is in honour of French paleontologist Adolphe d'Archiac, who was one of the pioneering researchers to describe molluscs from the Indian subcontinent. Type specimen are deposited in the Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata.

Potamididae
Potamididae, common name potamidids (also known as horn snails or mudwhelks) are a family of small to large brackish water snails that live on mud flats, mangroves and similar habitats. They are amphibious gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cerithioidea.

Traditionally, potamidids and batillariids have been confused because they have similar shells and they live in similar environments. For many fossil taxa the family assignment to either of these two families is still unresolved or controversial.

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Potamididae has no subfamilies.
Struga, Szczecin
Struga (German: Buchholz, Hohenkrug, Königsweg and Henningsholm) is a part of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town, and south-east of Szczecin-Dąbie.

Dąbie, Szczecin
Dąbie (German: Damm, Altdamm, or Stettin-Altdamm) is a former town and current municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin in  Poland, situated on the Płonia river, on the south coast of Dąbie Lake, on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town. As of January 2011 it had a population of 13,275.
Viticulture in Sicily
Viticulture in Sicily is among the Mediterranean's oldest wine traditions and continues to shape the island's culture, economy and identity. Archaeometric analyses on Copper Age jars from Monte Kronio indicate that wine was already being made on the island in the 4th millennium BCE. Trade and consumption of grape wine continued across the early medieval period under Islamic rule, although legal and social contexts changed. Today Sicily cultivates about 96,900 hectares of vineyards and ranks first in Italy for organic vineyard area. The region has one DOCG and more than twenty DOC denominations, alongside several IGT that cover the broader production.

Etna DOC
Etna is a Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) for wine from the Etna region in Italy.

Etna D.O.C. territory is closely tied to the biggest active volcano in Europe, Etna. Much of the volcano is covered with crops and natural vegetation. Among the cultivated species the grape vine has always played a major role.
Erin go Bragh GAA
Erin go Bragh GAA are a Dublin-based Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based in Clonee, Littlepace/Castaheaney/Ongar district in Dublin 15 in Ireland. As of 2023, the club was fielding one team in junior Gaelic football (AFL 8 and Junior 2 Championship), one junior hurling team (AHL 8 and Junior F Championship) and one Ladies Gaelic Football team. The club also has a boys and girls juvenile section fielding from Under 8-minor in football, hurling and camogie.

Dublin AFL Divisions 3 – 12B
The Dublin adult football league is divided up into a tier system of 13 teams. These teams range from the top two Divisions one and two and eleven other divisions, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 North and South. The winner of each league title goes on to qualify for the next highest ranking division.
John Hedges (British governor)
John Hedges was the first acting governor of British East Florida, serving in this office from 20 July to 30 July, 1763. He obtained the keys of the city of Saint Augustine, Florida, at Castillo de San Marcos, from the hands of the former Spanish governor Melchor Feliú, and governed the province until the arrival of Francis Ogilvie.

Hedges arrived in St. Augustine with four companies of the British 1st Regiment from Havana, Cuba.

Francis Ogilvie (British Army officer)
Francis Ogilvie was a British Army officer who served as interim governor of East Florida from 30 July 1763 to 29 August 1764.

Commissioned into the 9th Regiment of Foot, Ogilvie served in Cuba, and was then posted to Saint Augustine, Florida, where he held the highest military title among the members of the city's military garrisons.
Kuji-Hiraniwa Prefectural Natural Park
Kuji-Hiraniwa Prefectural Natural Park (久慈平庭県立自然公園, Kuji-Hiraniwa kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1961, the park spans the municipalities of Kuji and Kuzumaki.

Kuzumaki, Iwate
Kuzumaki (葛巻町, Kuzumaki-machi) is a town located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2020, the town had an estimated population of 5,632, and a population density of 13 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 434.96 square kilometres (167.94 sq mi). The town uses many alternative energy sources, producing a surplus of energy, including wind power and biomass.
Natural scientific research in Canada
This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research. Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.

Churchill Rocket Research Range
The Churchill Rocket Research Range is a Canadian former rocket launch site located 23 kilometres (14 mi) outside Churchill, Manitoba. The facility was used by Canada and the United States beginning in 1954 for sub-orbital launches of sounding rockets to study the upper atmosphere. The site was scientifically beneficial due to lying in the centre of a zone containing high aurora activity. Over 3,500 sub-orbital flights were launched from the site.

The site is sometimes referred to as Fort Churchill after the nearby former military base (now Churchill Airport) and is connected by an all-weather gravel road to the town of Churchill.
Croftville, Minnesota
Croftville is an unincorporated community in Cook County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located three miles northeast of the city of Grand Marais on Minnesota Highway 61.

Highway 61 and County Road 87 (Croftville Road) are two of the main routes in the community.

Grand Marais, Minnesota
Grand Marais (/məˈreɪ/ mə-RAY) is a city and the county seat of Cook County, Minnesota, United States, of which it is the only municipality. It is on Lake Superior's North Shore. Grand Marais had a population of 1,337 at the 2020 census. Before it was settled by French Canadians and before Minnesota's statehood, it was inhabited by the Ojibwe.

The Gunflint Trail, a National Scenic Byway, begins in Grand Marais and ends near the border with Ontario.
Tethered cord syndrome
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) refers to a group of neurological disorders that relate to malformations of the spinal cord. Various forms include tight filum terminale, lipomeningomyelocele, split cord malformations (diastematomyelia), occult, dermal sinus tracts, and dermoids.
All forms involve the pulling of the spinal cord at the base of the spinal canal, literally a tethered cord. The spinal cord normally hangs loose in the canal, free to move up and down with growth, and with bending and stretching. A tethered cord, however, is held taut at the end or at some point in the spinal canal. In children, a tethered cord can force the spinal cord to stretch as they grow. In adults the spinal cord stretches in the course of normal activity, usually leading to progressive spinal cord damage if untreated. TCS is often associated with the closure of a spina bifida. It can be congenital, such as in tight filum terminale, or the result of injury later in life.

Klippel–Feil syndrome
Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS), also known as cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by the abnormal fusion of any two of the seven bones in the neck (cervical vertebrae).: 578  It can result in a limited ability to move the neck and shortness of the neck, resulting in the appearance of a low hairline. Most people only have one or two of those symptoms so it may not be noticeable without medical imaging.

The syndrome is difficult to diagnose, as it occurs in a group of patients affected with many different abnormalities who can only be unified by the presence of fused or segmental cervical vertebrae. KFS is not always genetic and not always known about on the date of birth.

The disease was initially reported in 1884 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil from France. In 1919, André Feil suggested another classification of the syndrome, encompassing not only deformation of the cervical spine, but also deformation of the lumbar and thoracic spine.
Cristian Tello
Cristian Tello Herrera (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkɾistjan ˈteʎo eˈreɾa]; born 11 August 1991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward or winger for UAE Second Division League side Palm City.

He spent his youth at Espanyol and Barcelona, playing for both clubs' reserves before breaking through into the first team of the latter. He also spent one and a half seasons in Portugal with Porto and as many in Italy with Fiorentina. He returned to Spain with Betis in 2017, where he made 172 total appearances and scored 24 goals, winning the Copa del Rey in 2022.

Tello represented Spain at the 2012 Olympics, and was part of the under-21 squad which won the European Championship in 2013. He won his only full cap in 2013.

2011–12 Copa del Rey
The 2011–12 Copa del Rey was the 110th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The competition began on 31 August 2011 and ended on 25 May 2012 with the final, which was held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium in Madrid. Entering the competition, the winners were assured of a place in the group stage of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League. Real Madrid were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals, who went on to win the title.
Philips Lake (Richmond Hill)
Philips Lake is a small kettle lake in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. It is inside the Oak Ridges Corridor Conservation Reserve on the Oak Ridges Moraine. The lake belongs to the Philips-Bond-Thompson Wetland Complex and covers 11 hectares with a maximum depth of 28.5 metres (94 ft) and an average depth of 6.2 metres (20 ft).

Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill (2021 population: 202,022) is a city in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 27th most populous municipality in Canada. Richmond Hill is situated between the cities of Markham and Vaughan, north of Thornhill, and south of Aurora.

Richmond Hill has seen significant population growth since the 1990s. It became a city in 2019 after being a town since 1957. The city is home to the David Dunlap Observatory telescope, the largest telescope in Canada.
Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files or Z-code files) and could therefore port its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform. With the large number of incompatible home computer systems in use at the time, this was an important advantage over using native code or developing a compiler for each system.

Marc Blank
Marc Blank is an American game developer and software engineer.  He is best known as part of the team that created one of the first commercially successful text adventure computer games, Zork. In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.
Center for Media and Democracy
The Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) is a progressive nonprofit watchdog and advocacy organization based in Madison, Wisconsin. CMD publishes ExposedbyCMD.org, SourceWatch.org (formerly Disinfopedia), and ALECexposed.org.

Donor-advised fund
In the United States, a donor-advised fund (commonly called a DAF) is a charitable giving vehicle administered by a public charity created to manage charitable donations on behalf of organizations, families, or individuals. To participate in a donor-advised fund, a donating individual or organization opens an account in the fund and deposits cash, securities, or other financial instruments. They surrender ownership of anything they put in the fund but retain advisory privileges over how their account is invested, and how it distributes money to charities.
Cramlington railway station
Cramlington is a railway station on the East Coast Main Line, which runs between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley. The station, situated 9 miles 74 chains (9.92 mi; 16.0 km) north of Newcastle, serves the town of Cramlington in Northumberland, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Edinburgh Waverley railway station
Edinburgh Waverley (also known simply as Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: Waverley Dhùn Èideann) is the principal railway station serving Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the second busiest station in Scotland, after Glasgow Central. The station serves as the northern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, 393 miles 13 chains (393.16 miles; 632.7 kilometres) from London King's Cross, although some trains operated by London North Eastern Railway continue to other Scottish destinations beyond Edinburgh.
Alexian Kernel
Percy Alexander Meza Bravo (born April 18, 1992), also known by his stage name Alexian Kernel, is a Peruvian electronic musician, film editor and visual artist. Born and raised in the City of Iquitos, he has been selected since 2013 as one of the 20 most influential online people in that city, and the first artist of the Peruvian Amazon of the 21st century available on major digital music platforms such as Spotify and iTunes.

General Cemetery
General Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio general) is a 2013 Peruvian supernatural horror film directed by Dorian Fernandez Moris. Written by Javier Velasquez, the plot is based on urban legends in the city's main cemetery.  The film stars Airam Galliani, Nikko Ponce, Leslie Shaw, Marisol Aguirre, among others. It is produced by Iquitos-based Audiovisual Films company. The filming began in January 2012 in Iquitos. Moreover, it is an indirect sponsored film due to its ample, solicited budget support by state-owned and privately held entities.

General Cemetery is the first full-length horror film in Peru. The film includes extensive found footage scenes, a new film style in the country.
Tinogasta
Tinogasta (Spanish pronunciation: [tinoˈɣasta]) is a city in the west of the province of Catamarca, Argentina, on the right-hand shore of the Abaucán River, about 280 km from the provincial capital San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca. It had about 11,500 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC]. It is the head town of the department of the same name. The name of the city comes from the Kakana words tino ("meeting") and gasta ("town").

Tinogasta is a tourist site. It has access to the mountains for adventure tourism, hot springs, and archaeological museums. The basis of the local economy is agriculture, focused on vine.

Local lore tells that conquistador Diego de Almagro's expedition passed through the indigenous settlement of Tinogasta in 1536 before crossing the Andes at Pircas Negras into present-day Chile.

San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca
San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca (Latin American Spanish: [saɱ feɾˈnando ðel ˈβaʝe ðe kataˈmaɾka])  is the capital and largest city in Catamarca Province in northwestern Argentina, on the Río Valle River, at the feet of the Cerro Ambato. The city name is normally shortened as Catamarca and is also known as Ciudad de Catamarca.

The city of 684 km2 (264 sq mi), located 500 m (1,640 ft) above sea level, has 159,000 inhabitants (2010 census [INDEC]), with more than 200,000 counting the suburbia, which represents around 70% of the population of the province.
Thomas Oppong-Peprah
General Thomas Oppong-Peprah is a Ghanaian military officer and former Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces. His appointment to the position by President Akuffo-Addo was announced on 24 January 2024 to take effect from 1 February, 2024. He took over from Seth Amoama. Oppong-Peprah also serves as a member of the Governing council of  the National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO). In October 2025, he was appointed Ghana's Deputy Ambassador to Canada.

Chief of Army Staff (Ghana)
The Chief of Army Staff is the title of the professional head of the Ghana Army. The head of the Army was formerly referred to as the army commander. The current Chief of Army Staff is Major General Lawrence Kwaku Gbetanu. He was appointed to the position by President John Dramani Mahama on 24 March 2025.
History of California before 1900
Human history in California began when indigenous Americans first arrived some 13,000 years ago. Coastal exploration by the Spanish began in the 16th century, with further European settlement along the coast and in the inland valleys following in the 18th century. California was part of New Spain until that kingdom dissolved in 1821, becoming part of Mexico.

During the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), California was ceded to the United States under the terms of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The same year, the California gold rush began, triggering intensified U.S. westward expansion. California joined the Union as a free state via the Compromise of 1850. By the end of the 19th century, California was still largely rural and agricultural, with a population of about 1.4 million.

Tomol
A tomol or tomolo (Chumash) or te'aat or ti'at (Tongva/Kizh) are plank-built boats, historically and currently in the Santa Barbara, California and Los Angeles area. They replaced or supplemented tule reed boats. The boats were between 10–30 feet (3.0–9.1 m) in length and 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) in width. The Chumash refer to the tomol as the "House of the Sea" for their reliability. Double-bladed kayak-like paddles are used to propel the boat through the ocean. Some sources suggest the boats may have origins at Catalina Island and have been in use for thousands of years. Others suggest an origin on the Northern Channel Islands during the first millennium CE. The tomol has been described as "the single most technologically complex watercraft built in North America" and as being unique to "the New World."

The boats are still constructed by Chumash, Tongva/Kizh, and Acjachemen people today.
Welsh heraldry
Heraldry in Wales has a tradition distinct from that of English and Scottish heraldry. There is evidence that heraldry was already being used in Wales by the middle of the thirteenth century; for instance, in Gwynedd, two sons of Llywelyn the Great are recorded as having borne coats of arms in this period. Following the integration of Wales into England in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Welsh heraldic tradition became merged into that of England.

English heraldry
English heraldry is the form of coats of arms and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in England. It lies within the so-called Gallo-British tradition. Coats of arms in England are regulated and granted to individuals by the English kings of arms of the College of Arms. An individual's arms may also be borne 'by courtesy' by members of the holder's nuclear family, subject to a system of cadency marks, to differentiate those displays from the arms of the original holder. The English heraldic style is exemplified in the arms of British royalty, and is reflected in the civic arms of cities and towns, as well as the noble arms of individuals in England. Royal orders in England, such as the Order of the Garter, also maintain notable heraldic bearings.
A930 road
The A930 is a single carriageway road in Angus, Scotland. It runs from Dundee to Carnoustie.

Starting at its junction with the A92 road in Craigie, Dundee, it runs east through West Ferry, Broughty Ferry, Barnhill and Monifieth. It then passes through countryside north of the Buddon Ness, past Barry (through which it passed until 2003 on the construction of the bypass), to Carnoustie. It forms the main thoroughfare in Carnoustie and turns north at the eastern end of the town, heading north towards Muirdrum.  The road is a single carriageway along its entire length.

Barnhill, Dundee
Barnhill is an area in Dundee, located within the suburb of Broughty Ferry. It is approximately 4+1⁄2 miles (7 kilometres) east of Dundee City Centre. Until the late 19th century, Barnhill was a separate village.
Greer, Arizona
Greer is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Located within the White Mountains of Arizona and surrounded by the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Greer is the highest town in the state at an elevation of approximately 8,400 feet (2,560 m). As of the 2020 census it had a population of 58. Greer was founded circa 1879 by Mormon settlers from Utah.  The Greer post office has the ZIP code of 85927.

Eagar, Arizona
Eagar (Navajo: Shádiʼááhjí Tsé Noodǫ́ǫ́z) is a town in Apache County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, Eagar had a population of 4,395.

The area was the home of the Apache people. The town of Eagar was first settled by European Americans in 1871.
Huang Wei-yi
Huang Wei-yi (Chinese: 黃瑋儀, born 11 September 1985 in Yilan, Republic of China) is a Taiwanese football striker who currently plays for Tatung F.C. He comes from Atayal tribe.

In 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification games, he scored 3 goals, which were the only goals received by Chinese Taipei. In 2000, Huang started playing for the Ilan Youth soccer team, for which he capped 22 times and scored 10 goals.

On August 13, 2005, Huang was transferred to Tatung F.C. after his talents were noticed when playing for the Chinese Taipei National Football League.

Atayal people
The Atayal (Atayal: Tayal; Chinese: 泰雅; pinyin: Tàiyǎ), also known as the Tayal and the Tayan, are a Taiwanese indigenous people. The Atayal people number around 90,000, approximately 15.9% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the third-largest indigenous group. The preferred endonym is "Tayal", although official English translations of documents supplied by the Taiwanese government name them as "Atayal".
Dawid Mar Shimun
Dawid Mar Shimun (Syriac: ܕܘܝܕ ܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ) was an Assyrian military leader From World War I up until the Simele Massacre in 1933 when he was exiled to Cyprus along with his son Mar Eshai Shimun. His first hand experience and contribution during the years leading up to the family's exile to Cyprus in 1933 cannot be overlooked, for his presence was common place beside the Patriarchs (Mar Benyamin Shimun XIX, Mar Paulos Shimun XXII and Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII) and his sister, Lady Surma.

Qudshanis
Qudshanis (also: Kuçanis or Kochanes, officially Konak, Kurdish: Koçanis, Syriac: ܩܘܕܫܢܝܣ, romanized: Qūdšānīs , Syriac pronunciation: [quˈt͡ʃɑ.nɪs];), is a small village in the Hakkâri District of Hakkâri Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Pinyanişî tribe and population was 30 in 2023.

It was significant in the history of the Church of the East (whose continuation is at the head of what since 1976 has adopted the name of Assyrian Church of the East) in that it was the seat of a line of patriarchs for many centuries  until mid-1915, when Mar Shimun XIX Benyamin along with the rest of the Assyrians of Hakkari were forced to flee as part of the Sayfo.
Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau
Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau (Antwerp, 17 September 1580 – Château-Renard, August 1631) was the fifth daughter of William the Silent and his third wife, Charlotte of Bourbon.  She lived in her life at the French royal court and performed many successful assignments as a mediator.

Charlotte of Bourbon
Charlotte of Bourbon (1546/1547 – 5 May 1582) was a princess consort of Orange as the third wife of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish. She was the fourth daughter of Louis III de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, and Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine.