hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pascagoula
The Pascagoula (also Pascoboula, Pacha-Ogoula, Pascagola, Pascaboula, Paskaguna) were an indigenous group living in coastal Mississippi on the Pascagoula River.

The name Pascagoula is a Choctaw term meaning "bread eater". Choctaw native Americans using the name Pascagoula are named after the words for "bread eaters".

Choctaw
The Choctaw (Choctaw: Chahta Choctaw pronunciation: [tʃahtá(ʔ)]) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, historically based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled primarily in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. The Yowani Choctaw, a historic Choctaw band, are federally recognized as a people within the Caddo Nation and are also enrolled as citizens of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes.
Afro-Asians
Afro-Asians, African Asians, Blasians, or simply Black Asians are people of mixed Asian and Sub-Saharan African ancestry. Primarily through past slave trade, Afro-Asians can be found in rural areas of China or Taiwan and to a lesser extent in Malaysia and Indonesia. Historically, Afro-Asian populations have been marginalised as a result of human migration and social conflict.

Zanj
Zanj (Arabic: زَنْج; IPA: [zand͡ʒ], adj. زنجي; [zan.d͡ʒijj], Zanjī; from Persian: زنگ, romanized: Zang; [zæɲɡʲ̥]) is a term used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast) and to its Bantu inhabitants. It has also been used to refer to Africans collectively by Arab sources.: 613  This word is also the origin of the place-names Zanzibar ("coast of the Zanji") and the Sea of Zanj.

The latinization Zingium serves as an archaic name for the coastal area in modern Kenya and Tanzania in southern East Africa. The architecture of these commercial urban settlements is now a subject of study for urban planning. For centuries the coastal settlements were a source of ivory, gold, and slaves, from sections of the conquered hinterland, to the Indian Ocean world.
Kalakeyas
The kalakeyas (Sanskrit: कालकेय, romanized: Kālakeya) or kalakhanjas (Sanskrit: कालखञ्ज, romanized: kālakhañjā) are a sect of danavas in Hindu mythology, referring to the children of Kashyapa and Kala. Sixty-thousand kalakeyas are said to exist, and they are described to fight under the asura banner, under Vritra, as well as other rulers.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Embassy of Spain, London
The Embassy of Spain in London is the diplomatic mission of Spain in the United Kingdom. Formerly known as Downshire House, the embassy is located at 24 Belgrave Square in the Belgravia area of London. Spain also maintains a Consulate General at 20 Draycott Place in Chelsea, a Defence Office at 3 Hans Crescent in Knightsbridge, an Education, Employment & Social Affairs Office at 20 Peel Street in Holland Park, and an Economic & Commercial Section at 66 Chiltern Street in Marylebone.

The embassy is situated in a detached, stucco house designed by Henry E. Kendall and built between 1840 and 1850 on Belgrave Square in Belgravia. The building is Grade I listed for its architectural merit.

Belgravia
Belgravia (/bɛlˈɡreɪviə/) is a district in Central London, covering parts of the areas of the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Belgravia was known as the 'Five Fields' during the Tudor Period, and became a dangerous place due to highwaymen and robberies. It was developed in the early 19th century by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster under the direction of Thomas Cubitt, focusing on numerous grand terraces centred on Belgrave Square and Eaton Square. Much of Belgravia, known as the Grosvenor Estate, is still owned by a family property company, the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Group, although owing to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967, the estate has been forced to sell many freeholds to its former tenants.

The part of Belgravia that lies in the City of Westminster is a district of Westminster.
Conductance-Based Refractory Density model
The Conductance-Based Refractory Density (CBRD) approach enables the derivation of a macroscopic model of a neuronal ensemble based on the microscopic dynamics of individual neurons, specifically those described by the Hodgkin-Huxley-type framework.: Here, a neuronal ensemble (or neuronal population) refers to as a large (ideally infinite) set of uncoupled stochastic neurons. These neurons receive common input in the form of synaptic current or synaptic conductances. The output signal is the population firing rate.

Hodgkin–Huxley model
The Hodgkin–Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the electrical engineering characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. It is a continuous-time dynamical system.

Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley described the model in 1952 to explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of action potentials in the squid giant axon.  They received the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work.
1913 Liberty Head nickel
The 1913 Liberty Head nickel is an American five-cent piece which was produced in extremely limited quantities unauthorized by the United States Mint, making it one of the best-known and most coveted rarities in American numismatics. In 1972, one specimen of the five cent coin became the first coin to sell for over US$100,000; in 1996, another specimen became the first to sell for over US$1 million. A specimen was sold for US$3 million in a 2004 private sale, then resold for US$3.7 million at a public auction in 2010.

Only five examples are known to exist: two in private collections and three in museums.

Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show aired for 12 seasons on CBS from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The show starred Jack Lord as Detective Captain Stephen "Steve" McGarrett, the head of a fictional state police task force in Hawaii. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes in the series would end with McGarrett's catchphrase, "Book 'em, Danno!"

At the airing of its finale, it was the longest-running police drama in American television history, and the last scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1960s to leave the air.
Filson (company)
C.C. Filson is an American privately owned outfitter and manufacturer of goods for outdoor enthusiasts. The company, based in Seattle, Washington, designs, manufactures, distributes and sells men's and women's outdoor clothing, accessories and luggage. Filson sells its products via company-owned retail stores, catalogs and the Filson website as well as through authorized dealers in the United States and international distributors. The company was originally established in Seattle in 1897 as C.C. Filson's Pioneer Alaska Clothing and Blanket Manufacturers to meet the needs of prospectors passing through Seattle on their way to the Klondike Gold Rush; as of 2012 the brand is  owned by Fossil Group founder Tom Kartsotis, who also created Shinola Detroit.

Fossil Group
Fossil Group, Inc., is an American fashion design and manufacturer founded in 1984 by Tom Kartsotis and based in Richardson, Texas. Their brands include Fossil, Relic, Michele Watch, Skagen Denmark, WSI, and Zodiac Watches. Fossil also makes licensed accessories for brands such as BMW, Puma, Emporio Armani, Michael Kors, DKNY, Diesel, Kate Spade New York, Tory Burch, Chaps, and Armani Exchange.

Franco Fogliato, appointed as CEO and member of the Board of Directors on September 18, 2024 replaced Kosta Kartsotis, Former CEO of Fossil Group, Inc. Franco most recently served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Salomon, a division of Amer Sports, Inc. (NYSE: AS), from November 2021 until April 2024.
Robert H. McMahon
Robert Howard McMahon is a retired United States Air Force major general who later served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment. Prior to assuming his most recent role, McMahon served as president of Fickling Management Services and as a board member of State Bank and Trust, the Mercer National Engineering Advisory Board, and the Robins Air Force Base Museum of Aviation Foundation. He previously served as the director of C-17 Field Operations for the Boeing Company and as president and CEO of the 21st Century Partnership. While on active duty in the Air Force, McMahon's assignments included Commander, Warner Robins Air Logistics Center; Director of Logistics, Headquarters United States Air Force; Director of Logistics, Air Mobility Command; and Commander, 309th Maintenance Wing, Ogden Air Logistics Center.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment
The assistant secretary of defense for sustainment (ASD (Sustainment)), formerly known as the assistant secretary of defense for logistics and materiel readiness (ASD(L&MR)), is one of three assistant secretaries reporting to the under secretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment. Formerly the position was an adviser to the under secretary of defense for acquisition, technology, and logistics, the deputy secretary of defense, and the secretary of defense on logistics and materiel readiness issues within the Department of Defense (DoD), including programs related to logistics, materiel readiness, maintenance, strategic mobility, and sustainment support. As the principal logistics official within the senior management of the DoD, the ASD(Sustainment) exercises authority, direction and control over the director of the Defense Logistics Agency. Like all other assistant secretaries of defense, the ASD(Sustainment) is considered a part of the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
Port Coquitlam (provincial electoral district)
Port Coquitlam is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, consisting of the entire city of Port Coquitlam. It was created following the 1988 redistribution from Coquitlam-Moody and was contested in the 1991 and 1996 elections before being superseded by Port Coquitlam-Burke Mountain. The district was reestablished by the Electoral Districts Act, 2008. It was again contested in the 2009 election in which New Democrat Mike Farnworth was elected its MLA.

Farnworth was re-elected in 2013, 2017, 2020, and 2024.

Port Coquitlam
Port Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in British Columbia, Canada. It is one of 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. Located 27 km (17 mi) east of Vancouver, it is on the north bank of the confluence of the Fraser River and the Pitt River. Coquitlam borders it to the north and west. Pitt Meadows lies across the Pitt River from it. Port Coquitlam is bisected by Lougheed Highway and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway. Port Coquitlam is often referred to as "PoCo". It is Canada's 93rd-largest municipality by population.
Quasi-polynomial time
In computational complexity theory and the analysis of algorithms, an algorithm is said to take quasi-polynomial time if its time complexity is quasi-polynomially bounded. That is, there should exist a constant  such that the worst-case running time of the algorithm, on inputs of size , has an upper bound of the form

The decision problems with quasi-polynomial time algorithms are natural candidates for being NP-intermediate, neither having polynomial time nor likely to be NP-hard.

NP-hardness
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for  every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H's solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time. As a consequence, finding a polynomial time algorithm to solve a single NP-hard problem would give polynomial time algorithms for all the problems in the complexity class NP. As it is suspected, but unproven, that P≠NP, it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithms for NP-hard problems exist.

A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem.

Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are provably not NP-hard (unless P=NP).
Tsukasa Shiotani
Tsukasa Shiotani (塩谷 司, Shiotani Tsukasa; born 5 December 1988) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Sanfrecce Hiroshima.

Shiotani is a well-decorated player, having won 8 trophies as of 2025, and has been named in the J.League Team of the Year for three years in a row, from 2014 to 2016.

2022 J.League Cup
The 2022 J.League Cup, known as the  2022 J.League YBC Levain Cup (Japanese: 2022 JリーグYBCルヴァンカップ) for sponsorship reasons, was the 30th edition of J.League Cup, a Japanese association football cup competition. It began on 23 February 2022 and ended on 22 October that year.

Nagoya Grampus were the cup holders, having won their first title in 2021. They were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Urawa Red Diamonds.

Sanfrecce Hiroshima won their first League Cup title, beating Cerezo Osaka 2–1 in the final.
Tellurogallate
Tellurogallates are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of tellurium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where tellurium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates, selenogallates, telluroaluminates, telluroindates and thiostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly tellurometallates or chalcogenometallates.

Selenogallate
Selenogallates (or selenidogallates) are chemical compounds which contain anionic units of selenium connected to gallium. They can be considered as gallates where selenium substitutes for oxygen. Similar compounds include the thiogallates and selenostannates. They are in the category of chalcogenotrielates or more broadly chalcogenometallates.
Giardini panteschi
Giardini panteschi (Italian: "Pantelleria gardens"; also known locally as jardínu in Sicilian) are traditional dry-stone enclosures on the island of Pantelleria (Sicily), typically built around a single citrus tree to protect it from persistent winds and to create a favorable microclimate in otherwise arid, exposed conditions. They have also been popularly described as "Arab gardens", although detailed surveys note that the origin attribution is not securely documented.

Dry stone
Dry stone, dry laid in the USA, or drystack or, in Scotland and Northern England, drystane, is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together. A certain amount of binding is obtained through the use of carefully selected interlocking stones.

Dry stone construction is best known in the context of stone walls, traditionally used for the boundaries of fields and churchyards, or as retaining walls for terracing, but dry stone shelters, houses and other structures also exist.  The term tends not to be used for the many historic styles which used precisely-shaped stone, but did not use mortar, for example the Greek temple and Inca architecture.

The art of dry stone walling was inscribed in 2018 on the UNESCO representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, for dry stone walls in countries such as France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Switzerland and Spain. In 2024, Ireland was added to the list.
Zuidbuurt
Zuidbuurt is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Zoeterwoude, and lies about 6 km north of Zoetermeer.

In 2001 Zuidbuurt had 325 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.050 km², and contained 130 residences.
The statistical area "Zuidbuurt", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 410.

Zoetermeer
Zoetermeer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌzutərˈmeːr] ⓘ) is a city in the Western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality covers an area of 37.05 km2 (14.31 sq mi) of which 2.60 km2 (1.00 sq mi) is water. A small village until the late 1960s, it had 6,392 inhabitants in 1950. By 2023 this had grown to 126,998, making it the fourth largest population centre in the province of South Holland, after Rotterdam, The Hague and Leiden. While now a city in its own right, Zoetermeer started out as a suburb of The Hague and is still a part of the Greater The Hague urban area.

The name Zoetermeer (Dutch for "freshwater lake") refers to the former lake north of the town (reclaimed in 1614). Because the name literally translates as "sweet lake" local residents have dubbed Zoetermeer "Sweet Lake City".
Roads & Kingdoms
Roads & Kingdoms is an independent online publication that explores culture and politics through food and travel. Founded in 2012 by veteran journalists Nathan Thornburgh and Matt Goulding, along with graphic designer Douglas Hughmanick, Roads & Kingdoms is based in Brooklyn, New York, and Barcelona, Spain. In 2017, Roads & Kingdoms won the James Beard Foundation Award for Publication of the Year. In 2019, Roads & Kingdoms won the National Magazine Award for Website, Service and Lifestyle.

Author and television host Anthony Bourdain was a partner and investor in the company from 2015 until his suicide in June 2018. His partnership with Roads & Kingdoms and CNN on the digital series Explore Parts Unknown won an Emmy in 2018.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
So You Think You Can Dance (Belgium and the Netherlands TV series) season 5
The fifth season of So You Think You Can Dance, a Dutch/Belgian televised dance competition, aired in the fall of 2012 on networks RTL 5 (Netherlands) and vtm (Belgium).   Judges Dan Karaty, Euvgenia Parakhina and Jan Kooijman all returned as permanent members of the judge's panel. Departing judge Marco Gerrits was replaced by choreographer Ish Ait Hamou. An Lemmens and Dennis Weening returned in their roles as co-hosts.   On December 9, hip-hop dancer Frederic de Smet was announced as the winner of the competition and awarded a choice of dance school scholarship and €25,000.

Dan Karaty
Daniel Quinn Karaty (born October 1, 1976) is an American TV personality, choreographer, and dancer who primarily appears on Dutch television. He has been a regular jury member on several dance competition programs, including Holland's Got Talent; Everybody Dance Now; Belgium's Got Talent; Avastars; and the American, Australian, Canadian, and Belgian/Dutch versions of So You Think You Can Dance.  In his early career, he choreographed for Kylie Minogue, Britney Spears, and 'NSYNC.
Mount Hope Bridge
The Mount Hope Bridge is a two-lane suspension bridge spanning the Mount Hope Bay in eastern Rhode Island at one of the narrowest gaps in Narragansett Bay. The bridge connects the Rhode Island towns of Portsmouth and Bristol and is part of Route 114. Its towers are 285 feet (87 m) tall, the length of the main span is 1,200 feet (370 m), and it offers 135 feet (41 m) of clearance over high water. The total length of the bridge is 6,130 feet (1,870 m).

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
1986 NatWest Trophy
The 1986 NatWest Trophy was the 6th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 25 June and 6 September 1986. The tournament was won by Sussex who defeated Lancashire by 7 wickets in the final at Lord's.

Friends Provident Trophy
The Friends Provident Trophy was a one-day cricket competition in the British Isles.

It was one of the four tournaments in which the eighteen first-class counties competed each season. They were joined by teams from Scotland and Ireland. Lancashire won the title a record seven times.

The competition was previously known as the Gillette Cup (1963–1980), the NatWest Trophy (1981–2000), and the C&G Trophy (2000–2006). For a short period following the 2006 season, the competition was known as the ECB One-Day Trophy because no sponsors were forthcoming when Cheltenham and Gloucester decided to end their association with the competition after the 2006 season. The tournament, along with the Pro40 forty-overs competition, was replaced by the ECB 40 competition from the 2010 season.
Community Health Clubs in Africa
Community health clubs (CHCs) also known as community hygiene clubs are voluntary community-based organizations in Africa dedicated to improving public health through the promotion of hygiene. CHCs are formed at the village level. The concept was developed and popularized by Africa AHEAD, a Zimbabwe NGO.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.