hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jaffari Community Centre
The Jaffari Community Centre (JCC) is the largest Shia Islamic Centre facility in North America at 165,000 sq. ft., located in Thornhill, a suburb of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. In addition to the prayer hall, the centre contains a library, cafe, gym, several banquet halls, and school, and primarily serves as a mosque.

Thornhill, Ontario
Thornhill is a suburban district in the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada.  The western portion of Thornhill is within the City of Vaughan  and its eastern portion is within the City of Markham, with Yonge Street forming the boundary between Vaughan and Markham. Thornhill is situated along the northern border of Toronto, centred on Yonge, and is also immediately south of the City of Richmond Hill. Once a police village, Thornhill is still a postal designation. As of 2016, its total population, including both its Vaughan and Markham sections, was 112,719.
Hermit Mountain
Hermit Mountain is a 3,050-metre (10,010-foot) mountain summit located in Glacier National Park, in the Hermit Range of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. Hermit Mountain is situated 64 km (40 mi) northeast of Revelstoke, and 39 km (24 mi) west of Golden. It is also set 2.7 km (1.7 mi) north-northwest of Mount Tupper, and 6 km (3.7 mi) north of Rogers Pass, from which it can be seen from the Trans-Canada Highway. The nearest higher peak is Swiss Peak on Mount Rogers, 1 km (0.62 mi) to the west. The first ascent of the mountain was made August 4, 1904, by Alex M. Gordon, Samuel Harper Gray, James C. Herdman, Edward Feuz, and Edward Feuz Jr. via the Southeast Couloir. The mountain's name was adopted in 1904, then re-approved September 8, 1932, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
BBGKY hierarchy
In statistical physics, the Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy (sometimes called Bogoliubov hierarchy) is a set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of a large number of interacting particles. The equation for an s-particle distribution function (probability density function) in the BBGKY hierarchy includes the (s + 1)-particle distribution function, thus forming a coupled chain of equations. This formal theoretic result is named after Nikolay Bogolyubov, Max Born, Herbert S. Green, John Gamble Kirkwood, and Jacques Yvon.

Distribution function (physics)
In molecular kinetic theory in physics, a system's distribution function is a function of seven variables, , which gives the number of particles per unit volume in single-particle phase space. It is the number of particles per unit volume having approximately the velocity  near the position  and time .
Victanapis
Victanapis is a genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, containing the single species, Victanapis warburton. It was first described by Norman I. Platnick & Raymond Robert Forster in 1989, and has only been found in Victoria, Australia.

Anapidae
Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 233 described extant species in 59 genera. It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae, and the former family Holarchaeidae. Most species are less than 2 millimetres (0.079 in) long.

They generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter less than 3 centimetres (1.2 in). In some species, such as Pseudanapis parocula, the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.
Dawn Run Mares Novice Chase
The Dawn Run Mares Novice Chase, currently known for sponsorship purposes as the Charleville Cheese Irish EBF Mares Novice Chase, is a Grade 2 National Hunt novice chase in Ireland which is open to mares aged four years or older. It is run at Limerick over a distance of 2 miles and 6 furlongs (4,425 metres). The race is scheduled to take place each year in March.

The race was first run in 2002, and was awarded Grade 3 status in 2003. It was raised to Grade 2 status from the 2014 running.

Limerick Racecourse
Limerick Racecourse (Greenmount Park) is a horse racing venue in County Limerick, Ireland, which stages both National Hunt and flat racing. The course opened in October 2001 and is the first purpose-built racecourse in Ireland in 50 years. The present location is the seventh different horse racing location in Limerick since 1790. In 1999, the course at Greenpark near Limerick city closed after 130 years of racing.

The course is a right-handed oval track of about 11 furlongs (7,260 ft; 2,210 m). It is located on the M20 at exit 4, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) outside the city.
Lipton, Saskatchewan
Lipton (2016 population: 345) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Lipton No. 217 and Census Division No. 6. The village is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of the town of Fort Qu'Appelle on Highway 22.

Fort Qu'Appelle
Fort Qu'Appelle (/kəˈpɛl/) is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan located in the Qu'Appelle River valley about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of Regina, between Echo and Mission Lakes of the Fishing Lakes. It is not to be confused with the once-significant nearby town of Qu'Appelle. It was originally established in 1864 as a Hudson's Bay Company trading post. Fort Qu'Appelle, with its 1,919 residents in 2006, is at the junction of Highway 35, Highway 10, Highway 22, Highway 56, and Highway 215. The 1897 Hudson's Bay Company store, 1911 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway station, Fort Qu'Appelle Sanatorium (Fort San), and the Treaty 4 Governance Centre in the shape of a teepee are all landmarks of this community. 
Additionally, the Noel Pinay sculpture of a man praying commemorates a burial ground, is a life-sized statue in a park beside Segwun Avenue.
2004–05 Kent Football League
The 2004–05 Kent Football League season (known as the Go Travel Kent League for sponsorship reasons) was the 39th in the history of Kent Football League a football competition in England.

The League structure comprised three divisions: a Premier Division together with Divisions One and Two – the latter two were known as the Reserves Section, comprising reserves teams which were not permitted in the Premier Division. Additionally there were two league cup competitions, the Challenge Cup for the Premier Division clubs and another for the teams in the two divisions of the Reserves Section.

Whitstable Town F.C.
Whitstable Town F.C. is a football club based in Whitstable, Kent, England.  The club was established in 1885 and joined the Kent League in 1950.  In the 2024–25 season, the team won the FA Vase. They were champions of the Kent League Premier Division in the 2006–07 season.  They are currently members of the Southern Counties East League Premier Division.
American Federation of Women Bodybuilders
The American Federation of Women Bodybuilders was formed in 1980, started by Susan Fry, Kim Cassidy and Doris Barrilleaux. Ben Weider had asked them to start up a national organization for women bodybuilders, to provide a place where amateur women bodybuilders can be in a group. The Superior Physique Association (SPA) eventually fell by the wayside as a result of the AFWB. This AFWB was absorbed by the National Physique Committee (NPC) when it was formed, as it was illegal to have two separate amateur federations for the IFBB.

National Physique Committee
The National Physique Committee (NPC) is the largest amateur bodybuilding organization in the United States. Amateur bodybuilders compete in competitions from local to national competitions sanctioned by the NPC. While the term "bodybuilding" is commonly used to refer to athletes participating in contests sanctioned by the NPC and IFBB Pro League, ten divisions are represented including men's bodybuilding, women's bodybuilding, bikini, men's physique, classic physique, women's physique, figure, fitness, wellness and Fit Model.
Ink cartridge
An ink cartridge or inkjet cartridge is a component of an inkjet printer that contains ink to be deposited onto paper during printing. It consists of one or more ink reservoirs and can include electronic contacts and a chip to exchange information with the printer.

Ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.

Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescents, and other materials. The components of inks serve multiple purposes; the ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its dry appearance.
Equalization (communications)
In telecommunication, equalization is the reversal of distortion incurred by a signal transmitted through a channel. Equalizers are used to render the frequency response—for instance of a telephone line—flat from end-to-end. When a channel has been equalized the frequency domain attributes of the signal at the input are faithfully reproduced at the output. Telephones, DSL lines and television cables use equalizers to prepare data signals for transmission.

Equalizers are critical to the successful operation of electronic systems such as analog broadcast television. In this application the actual waveform of the transmitted signal must be preserved, not just its frequency content. Equalizing filters must cancel out any group delay and phase delay between different frequency components.

Group delay and phase delay
In signal processing, group delay and phase delay are functions that describe in different ways the delay times experienced by a signal’s various sinusoidal frequency components as they pass through a linear time-invariant (LTI) system (such as a microphone, coaxial cable, amplifier, loudspeaker, communications system, ethernet cable, digital filter, or analog filter).

These delays are sometimes frequency dependent, which means that different sinusoid frequency components experience different time delays. As a result, the signal's waveform experiences distortion as it passes through the system. This distortion can cause problems such as poor fidelity in analog video and analog audio, or a high bit-error rate in a digital bit stream.
Murder of the Ormesher Sisters
The murder of the Ormesher Sisters took place in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England in 1956. Despite national media coverage and an extensive investigation, in which all of the adult male population of the town were fingerprinted, the identity of the murderer or murderers has never been established. The investigation remains open and, as of March 2015, the case remains one of fifteen unsolved murders being investigated by Lancashire Police.

Ormskirk
Ormskirk is a market town in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. Ormskirk is a market town in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. It is located 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Liverpool, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of St Helens, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Southport and 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Preston. Ormskirk is known for its gingerbread. In 2011 it had a population of 24,073.

Ormskirk is home to Edge Hill University.
Parliamentary delegation
A parliamentary delegation (or congressional delegation, also CODEL or codel, in the United States) is an official visit abroad by a member or members of a legislature.

To schedule a parliamentary delegation, a member must apply to the relevant committee chair, who will contact the appropriate agency to request funds and support for the trip. Various parliaments and legislatures maintain formal or informal groupings, such as congressional caucuses and all-party parliamentary groups, which maintain regular delegations to and from select countries; the European Parliament also maintains a formal delegation system for regular meetings with national and multinational parliaments.

Parliamentary delegations are formed for purposes of solidarity, negotiations, research, and investigation, but they are sometimes a source of controversy and criticism, when seen as junkets.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Soga clan (Sagami Province)
The Soga clan (Japanese: 曾我氏, Soga-shi) was a samurai family from Sagami Province descending from the Taira clan. Best known for the Soga brothers and their participation in the Revenge of the Soga Brothers incident of the early Kamakura period, they later became high-ranking military officials under the Ashikaga Shogunate during the Muromachi period. During the Edo period, they continued their military service and served the Tokugawa Shogunate. The clan is not related to the Soga clan (蘇我氏) of the Yamato period.

Itō clan
The Itō clan (Japanese: 伊東氏, Hepburn: Itō-shi) are a Japanese clan of gōzoku that claimed descent from the Fujiwara clan through Fujiwara Korekimi (727–789) and Kudō Ietsugu.

Itō Suketoki (the son of Kudō Suketsune), was famous for his involvement in the incident involving the Soga brothers. The family became a moderate power both in influence and ability by the latter Sengoku period of Feudal Japan.
Vertical circle
In spherical geometry, a vertical circle is a great circle on the celestial sphere that is perpendicular to the horizon. Therefore, it contains the vertical direction, passing through the zenith and the nadir. There is a vertical circle for any given azimuth, where azimuth is the angle measured east from the north on the celestial horizon. The vertical circle which is in the east–west direction is called the prime vertical. The vertical circle which is on the north–south direction is called the local celestial meridian (LCM), or principal vertical. Vertical circles are part of the horizontal coordinate system.

Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing location.

The celestial sphere is a conceptual tool used in spherical astronomy to specify the position of an object in the sky without consideration of its linear distance from the observer. The celestial equator divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
1932 All-Eastern football team
The 1932 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1932 college football season.

Three Eastern players were selected to the All-Eastern team and were also consensus picks on the 1932 All-America college football team: halfback Warren Heller of Pittsburgh; guard Milton Summerfelt of Army and end Joe Skladany of Pittsburgh.

Milton Summerfelt
Milton Frederick Summerfelt (June 16, 1908 – October 15, 1984) was an American football player and a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force.  He played for the Army Black Knights football team and was selected as a consensus first-team guard on the 1932 College Football All-America Team.
1994 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1994 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 86th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 28 August 1994 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballycran and Ballygalget, in what was their third consecutive meeting in the final. Ballycran won the match by 1–10 to 0–12 to claim their 19th championship title overall and a second consecutive title.

1993 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1993 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 85th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballygalget entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 12 September 1993 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballycran and Ballygalget, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Ballycran won the match by 2–17 to 2–15 to claim their 18th championship title overall and a first title in five years.
Rancho Bolsa de San Felipe
Rancho Bolsa de San Felipe was a 6,795-acre (27.50 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Benito County, California given in 1840  by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Don Francisco Pérez Pacheco.  Bolsa means "pockets" and refers to pockets of land in the Tequisquita Slough.  The grant was bounded on the north by Rancho Ausaymas y San Felipe and the south by Rancho San Justo, and encompassed Dunneville.

Rancho San Justo
Rancho San Justo was a  34,620-acre (140.1 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Benito County, California given in 1839 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José Antonio Castro.  The lands of the rancho include current day Hollister.
Packed storage matrix
A packed storage matrix, also known as packed matrix, is a term used in programming for representing an  matrix. It is a more compact way than an m-by-n rectangular array by exploiting a special structure of the matrix.

Typical examples of matrices that can take advantage of packed storage include:

symmetric or hermitian matrix

Triangular matrix

Banded matrix.

Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.
Ruggell
Ruggell (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ruˈɡɛl] ⓘ; dialectal: Ruggäll) is a municipality of Liechtenstein. It is the northernmost and lowest elevated municipality. As of 2019, it has a population of 2,322.

Municipalities of Liechtenstein
The principality of Liechtenstein is divided into eleven municipalities (German: Gemeinden, singular Gemeinde), most consisting of only a single town. Five of the Gemeinden fall within the electoral district of Unterland (lower country), while the other six are within the Oberland (upper country).
Zhiping Weng
Zhiping Weng is the Li Weibo Professor of Biomedical Research and founding Chair of Department of Genomics and Computational Biology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Prior to that, she was the Director of the Program in Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. She was awarded Fellowship of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2020 for outstanding contributions to computational biology and bioinformatics.

UMass Chan Medical School
The UMass Chan Medical School is a public medical school in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is part of the University of Massachusetts system. It consists of three schools: the T.H. Chan School of Medicine, the Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing. The school also operates a biomedical research enterprise and a range of public-service initiatives throughout the state.
2018 LINAFOOT (Chad)
The 2018 LINAFOOT was the 2nd season of the LINAFOOT, the top Chadian league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2015.

Unlike the 1st LINAFOOT edition (in 2015) organised as a full national championship and won by Gazelle FC, this edition was organized under the play-off formula.

The season started on 15 September 2018 and concluded on 7 October 2018. The twelve teams were divided into two groups of six teams. The matches were played at three stadiums: Stade d'Académie de Farcha, Stade Omnisports Idriss Mahamat Ouya and Stade de Paris-Congo. All matches were being played at 03:30 p.m. local time. Elect-Sport FC won their fifth Chadian title. Abou Deco (AS CotonTchad) was the league topscorer with 14 goals; Mbangousoum Éric was voted the best player; Francis Oumar Belonga (Elect-Sport FC) was voted the best coach.

Chad Premier League
Chad Premier League (French: Ligue Nationale de Football, also known as LINAFOOT) is a Chadian league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the Chadian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 12 clubs, it is organized under the play-off formula.

Unlike the 1st LINAFOOT edition (in 2015) organised as a full national championship and won by Gazelle FC, the last four editions were organized under the play-off formula.

Since the inception of the Chad Premier League in 1988, eight clubs have won the title: Renaissance (7), Elect-Sport (7), Tourbillon (5), Gazelle (4), Foullah Edifice (3), AS CotonTchad (2), Postel 2000 (2), Renaissance (Abéché) (2). The current champions are Elect-Sport, who won the title in 2022.
Keith Watson (footballer)
Keith Edward Watson (born 14 November 1989) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a defender for Annan Athletic.

A product of Dundee United's youth development system, Watson made his first team debut in January 2007. His early career was disrupted by injury problems, and he spent periods on loan to Forfar Athletic and East Fife before establishing himself in the Dundee United team in 2010; he was a member of the squad that won the Scottish Cup that year. Watson established himself as a regular in the right back position, making his 100th league appearance in February 2014. He spent the latter part of the 2014–15 season on loan at Hibernian.

Watson signed for St Mirren in August 2015 and joined St Johnstone in 2016. He joined Hartlepool United on loan in August 2017, and after leaving St Johnstone in the 2018 close season he signed for Ross County. After five years at the club Watson joined Raith Rovers on a free transfer in 2023.

2010 Scottish Cup final
The 2010 Scottish Cup Final was the 125th final of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition, the Scottish Cup. The match took place on 15 May 2010, at Hampden Park, Glasgow and was contested by first time finalists Ross County and 1994 winners Dundee United. Craig Conway scored a brace as Dundee United ended a wait of 16 years to win the Scottish Cup for the second time in the club's history. The match was the first final since 1938 in which both teams came from outside the Central Belt.