hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.

Physical quantity
A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is a pair of a numerical value and a unit of measurement. For example, the physical quantity mass, symbol m, can be quantified as m=n kg, where n is the numerical value and kg is the unit symbol (for kilogram). Vector quantities have, besides numerical value and unit, direction or orientation in space.
Shen Xiangfu
Shen Xiangfu (Chinese: 沈祥福; pinyin: Shěn Xiángfú; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə̀n.ɕjáŋ.fǔ]; born May 27, 1957, in Beijing) is a Chinese football coach as well as also being a former international football player.  As a player, he was associated with the Beijing Team and  Fujitsu before moving into management where he went back to manage both his previous clubs before joining the China national team set-up for several years. When he returned to club management he would guide Guangzhou Pharmaceutical to the 2007 China League One title before having spells at Changchun Yatai and Henan Jianye.

Chinese Jia-A League
The National Football Jia A League (simplified Chinese: 全国足球甲A联赛), commonly known as Jia-A, was the highest tier of professional football in the People's Republic of China, during 1994 through 2003, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association.

The Chinese Professional Football League was established in 1994. Under the direct supervision of the CFA's Professional League Committee, this nationwide league was divided into Divisions 1 and 2.  Division 1 was subdivided into Divisions 1A and 1B, Jia A and Jia B, Jia being the Chinese word for top or first. Division 2 was and still is subdivided into regional divisions.
Trans chaser
Trans chaser, often shortened to chaser, is a term predominantly used to describe cisgender men who are primarily sexually interested in trans women, but it is sometimes used to refer to cisgender women and men interested in trans women and trans men as well.

Transgender people often use the term in a pejorative sense, because they consider chasers to value them for their trans status alone, rather than being attracted to them as a person; however, some claim this term in an affirming manner. Sociologist Avery Tompkins of Transylvania University in Kentucky argued in an article in the Journal of Homosexuality that sex-positive trans politics cannot emerge if terms such as tranny chaser inform discussion of attraction to transgender people.

Cisgender
The word cisgender (often shortened to cis; sometimes cissexual) describes a person whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth, i.e., someone who is not transgender. The prefix cis- is Latin and means on this side of. The term cisgender was coined in 1994 as an antonym to transgender, and entered into dictionaries starting in 2015 as a result of changes in social discourse about gender.

Related concepts are cisnormativity (the presumption that cisgender identity is preferred or normal) and cissexism (bias or prejudice favoring cisgender people).
Minacragides arnacis
Minacragides arnacis is a moth in the family Dalceridae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1909. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and Peru. The habitat consists of tropical moist, tropical premontane wet, and tropical premontane moist forests.

The length of the forewings is 8–9 mm. Adults are on wing from February to August and November to December.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten (Hamburg)
The Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten is a luxury hotel located on the Neuer Jungfernstieg in Hamburg, Germany.  It is recognized as one of the top hotels in the world. The hotel has received numerous national and international awards.

FRHI Hotels & Resorts
FRHI Hotels & Resorts (previously known as Fairmont Raffles Hotels International) is a global hotel management company that is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. FRHI is the parent company that manages three brands of hotels: Fairmont, Raffles and Swissôtel. These hotel chains collectively include more than 100 hotels and resorts in over 30 countries worldwide. Since 2016, the company has been owned by AccorHotels, a French multinational hotel firm. AccorHotels purchased FRHI for $2.7 billion.
Neo-Lutheranism
Neo-Lutheranism was a 19th-century revival movement within Lutheranism which began with the Pietist-driven Erweckung, or Awakening, and developed in reaction against theological rationalism and pietism.

The movement followed the Old Lutheran movement and focused on a reassertion of the identity of Lutherans as a distinct group within the broader community of Christians, with a renewed focus on the Lutheran Confessions as a key source of Lutheran doctrine. Associated with these changes was an Evangelical-Catholic renewed focus on traditional doctrine and liturgy, which paralleled the growth of Anglo-Catholicism in England. It was sometimes even called "German Puseyism". In the Catholic Church in Germany, neo-Lutheranism was paralleled by Johann Adam Möhler. The chief literary organ of the neo-Lutheranism was Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, edited by Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg.

Book of Concord
The Book of Concord (1580) or Concordia (often referred to as the Lutheran Confessions) is the historic doctrinal standard recognized as authoritative by many Lutheran church bodies since the 16th century. It consists of ten creedal documents and is also known as the symbolical book of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.

The Book of Concord was published in German on June 25, 1580, in Dresden, the fiftieth anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg. The authoritative Latin edition was published in 1584 in Leipzig.

Those who accept it as their doctrinal standard recognize it to be a faithful exposition of the Bible. The Holy Scriptures are set forth in The Book of Concord to be the sole, divine source and norm of all Christian doctrine.
Onur Cavit Biriz
Onur Cavit Biriz (born 16 October 1998) is a Turkish windsurfer, who currently competes in IQFoil class. He is a student at Izmir University of Economics. He is an alumnus of Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi.

Biriz competed as the youngest sailor at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He took the 35th place at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 20th place at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Biriz won the silver medal at the 2023 French Olimpic Week in Hyeres, and the silver medal at the 2023 IQFoil International Games in Torbole.

In his early years, Biriz became champion in the Techno 293 class of 2013 Atatürk Cup Turkish Windsurf Championship held in Istanbul. He took first place in RS:X Youth Turkish Championship in 2014. Biriz had 13th place in 2015 ISAF Youth RS:X World Championship held in Malaysia.

Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held from 8–18 August at Marina da Gloria in Guanabara Bay. The sailing classes had two changes from the 2012 Summer Olympics events. There were 10 events.
Outline of bicycles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to bicycles:

Bicycle – pedal-driven, human-powered, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist, and the activity is called cycling.  Also known as a bike, push bike or cycle.

Step-through frame
A step-through frame (also known as open frame, drop frame, or low-step frame) is a type of bicycle frame, often used for utility bicycles, with a low or absent top tube or cross-bar.

Since mounting or dismounting a step-through does not require swinging one leg to hip-height, they are widely used as delivery bicycles, and for other purposes where the rider has to mount and dismount frequently.

Traditionally, bicycles with a step-through frame were known as "ladies'", "women's" or "girls' bicycles", as they allow skirts or dresses to hang fairly normally. Bicycles with a high top tube (cross-bar), were known as "men's", "gents", or "boys' bicycles". Even in the 1800s, women often rode "men's" bicycles and vice-versa; from the 1890s onwards, women commonly wore bloomers to cycle. Since the late 20th century, descriptions that describe the frame style, rather than the presumed gender of the rider, are becoming increasingly common.
Kálvin tér
Kálvin tér (English: Calvin Square) is a major square and intersection in the city center of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. It was named after the French Protestant Reformer John Calvin (Kálvin János in Hungarian) due to the large Reformed Church located there.

The square is located in Pest at the junction of the 5th (Belváros-Lipótváros), 8th (Józsefváros) and 9th (Ferencváros) districts. Roads which converge at the square include the 'Kiskörút' (Inner Circuit, encompassing Múzeum körút ('Museum boulevard') north of the square, and Vámház körút to the south), Üllői út ('Üllő road'), Baross utca ('Baross street'), and Kecskeméti utca ('Kecskemét street').

Being a major thoroughfare and locality, the square is a major transport hub with tram, bus, and trolleybus routes serving the square. The Kálvin tér station on the M3 (North-South) line, and M4 of the Budapest Metro is located here.

The Hungarian National Museum is near Kálvin tér.

Hungarian National Museum
The Hungarian National Museum (Hungarian: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈnɛmzɛti ˈmuːzɛum]) was founded in 1802 and is the national museum for the history, art, and archaeology of Hungary, including areas not within Hungary's modern borders, such as Transylvania; it is separate to the collection of international art in the Hungarian National Gallery.  The museum is in Budapest VIII in a Neoclassical building, purpose-built during 1837–47 by the architect Mihály Pollack.
Møgeltønder
Møgeltønder (Danish pronunciation: [ˈmøˀjl̩ˌtsʰønˀɐ]) is a small town in Denmark, located in Møgeltønder Parish, Tønder Municipality, in the southwestern corner of the Danish peninsula of Jutland 5 kilometres north of the Danish-German border and 4 kilometres west of Tønder. Møgeltønder is known for its picturesque main street, the large 12th-century church, and Schackenborg Castle. As of 2025, it has a population of 757.

Tønder Municipality
Tønder Municipality (Danish: Tønder Kommune, German: Kommune Tondern, North Frisian: Tuner Komuun) is a kommune in the Region of Southern Denmark on the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 1,252 km2, and has a total population of 36,399 (2025). Its mayor is Jørgen Popp Petersen, a member of the regional Schleswig Party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Tønder. It consists of six old municipalities, the former Tønder municipality (1970-2006) with 12,706 inhabitants in January 2000 on 184.59 square kilometers among them.
Surrey West (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The Surrey West constituency was created for the 1984 European Parliament election. It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Chertsey and Walton, Esher, Guildford, Mole Valley, North West Surrey, South West Surrey, and Woking. In 1984, the Daily Telegraph reported that the total electorate in the constituency numbered 504,923.

The constituency was abolished in time for the 1994 European Election and much of the area became part of the Surrey European Parliament Constituency.

South West Surrey
South West Surrey was a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. From its 1983 creation, South West Surrey was represented only by members of the Conservative Party. From 2005, the seat's MP was Jeremy Hunt, who served as chancellor of the Exchequer until 2024, and formerly Culture Secretary, Health Secretary and Foreign Secretary.

Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished. Subject to major boundary changes - including the combination of the western part of the seat, including the towns of Farnham and Haslemere and comprising the majority of the electorate, with parts of the District of East Hampshire - it was reformed as Farnham and Bordon, first contested at the 2024 general election. Godalming and the area of the North Downs to the south was included in the newly created constituency of Godalming and Ash.
MW 18014
MW 18014 was a German A-4 test rocket launched on 20 June 1944, at the Peenemünde Army Research Center in Peenemünde. It was the first man-made object to reach outer space, attaining an apogee of 176 kilometres (109 mi), well above the Kármán line that was established later as the lowest altitude of space. It was a vertical test launch, and was not intended to reach orbital velocity, so it returned and impacted Earth, making it the first sub-orbital spaceflight.

Peenemünde Army Research Center
The Peenemünde Army Research Center (German: Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde,  HVP) was founded in 1937 as one of five military proving grounds under the German Army Weapons Office (Heereswaffenamt).: 85  Several German guided missiles and rockets of World War II were developed by the HVP, including the V-2 rocket. The works were attacked by the British in Operation Crossbow from August 1943, before falling to the Soviets in May 1945.
North Nowra
North Nowra is a suburb of Nowra in the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It lies northwest of Nowra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 5,794. There are four schools; a pre-school, a junior school, a special needs school and a stage school. Shoalhaven Zoo is found there on the north bank of the Shoalhaven River. Notable former residents include actress Christie Hayes.

Shoalhaven River
The Shoalhaven River is a perennial river that rises from the Southern Tablelands and flows into an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary near Nowra on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.
2014 IPC Swimming European Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The Women's 100 metre x 4 medley at the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships was held at the Pieter van den Hoogenband Swimming Stadium, in Eindhoven from 4–10 August.

As with other disability medley events, the freestyle works on a points system whereby the classification numbers of each swimmer are totaled to give a number no higher than 34.

2014 IPC Swimming European Championships
The 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships was an international swimming competition held in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, from the 4th to the 10th of August. Around 375 athletes from 35 different countries attended. The venue, the Pieter van den Hoogenband Swimming Stadium, also held the 2010 IPC Swimming World Championships.
Sølvgade
Sølvgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsølˌkɛːðə]; lit. 'Silver Street') is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, extending north-west from Borgergade to The Lakes where Fredens Bro connects it to Fredensgade. The section from Kronprinsessegade to Øster Voldgade follows the walled north-eastern margin of Rosenborg Castle Garden and the next section, from Øster Voldgade to the intersection with Farimagsgade, named Sølvtorvet (pronounced [ˈsølˌtsʰɒˀwð̩]; 'Silver Square') although it is little more than a busy street junction, separates Copenhagen Botanical Garden from Østre Anlæg.

Øster Voldgade
Øster Voldgade (lit. "East Rampart Street"), together with Vester Voldgade and Nørre Voldgade, forms a succession of large streets which arches around the central and oldest part of the Zealand side of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs north-east from Gothersgade at Nørreport Station to Georg Brandes Plads, between the Copenhagen Botanical Gardens and Rosenborg Castle Gardens, and continues straight to a large junction at the southern end of Oslo Plads, near Østerport Station, where it turns into Folke Bernadotte Allé.
RAD J131346.9+500320
RAD J131346.9+500320 (RAD J131346) is an odd radio circle (ORC) located in the constellation Canes Venatici approximately 7.7 billion light-years from Earth. It consists of two intersecting rings, each spanning 300,000 light-years, surrounded by an even larger radio cloud extending nearly 3 million light-years. It is the most distant and powerful ORC yet observed, and is the first ORC identified through citizen science collaboration.

Canes Venatici
Canes Venatici (/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/ KAY-neez vin-AT-iss-eye) is one of the 88 constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is a small northern constellation that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Its name is Latin for 'hunting dogs', and the constellation is often depicted in illustrations as representing the dogs of Boötes the Herdsman, a neighboring constellation.

Cor Caroli is the constellation's brightest star, with an apparent magnitude of 2.9. La Superba (Y CVn) is one of the reddest naked-eye stars and one of the brightest carbon stars. The Whirlpool Galaxy is a spiral galaxy tilted face-on to observers on Earth, and was the first galaxy whose spiral nature was discerned. In addition, quasar TON 618 is one of the most massive black holes with the mass of 66 billion solar masses.
Gaming Universal
Gaming Universal (or PBM Universal) was a magazine dedicated to play-by-mail games. The magazine was published between 1983 and 1988, in two separate print runs with Bob McLain as editor of both editions. Its first print run was published by Imagascape Industries between November 1983 and 1985. The first issue was called PBM Universal, with a name change by the second issue. The second edition ran between 1987 and 1988, published by Aftershock Publishing. The magazine received average to positive reviews from other magazine editors and reviewers.

The Space Gamer
The Space Gamer was a magazine dedicated to the subject of science fiction and fantasy board games and tabletop role-playing games. It quickly grew in importance and was an important and influential magazine in its subject matter from the late 1970s through the mid-1980s. The magazine is no longer published, but the rights holders maintain a web presence using its final title Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer.
Holy Family
The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph.  The subject became popular in Christian art from the 1490s on, but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de Laval, the first bishop of New France, who founded a confraternity.

The Gospels speak little of the life of the Holy Family in the years before Jesus' public ministry. Matthew and Luke narrate the episodes from this period of Christ's life, namely his circumcision and later Presentation, the flight to Egypt, the return to Nazareth, and the Finding in the Temple. Joseph and Mary were apparently observant Jews, as Luke narrates that they brought Jesus with them on the annual pilgrimage to Jerusalem with other Jewish families.

Lucca Madonna
The Lucca Madonna is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, painted in approximately 1437. It shows Mary seated on a wooden throne and crowned by a canopy, breastfeeding the infant Christ. Its carpentry suggests it was once the inner panel of a triptych, while its small size indicates it was meant for private devotion. The painting is in the collection of the Städel Museum, Frankfurt.

It is known as Lucca Madonna as it belonged to the collection of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Lucca in the early 19th century. It is one of the last works by Jan van Eyck. The Virgin has been identified as a portrait of the painter's wife, Margaretha, of whom van Eyck also made a secular portrait.
María Fernanda Navia
María Fernanda Navia Cardona (born 1 January 1979 in Bogotá)  is a Colombian journalist, model, and former beauty queen. She was Miss Bogotá 2000 and participated as the city's delegate at Miss Colombia 2000 and Former Miss Earth Colombia.

Miss Colombia
Miss Colombia (Formally Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia, English: "National Beauty Contest of Colombia") is the national beauty pageant organization in Colombia.

The current Miss Colombia is María Antonia Mosquera of Valle del Cauca, who was crowned on 17 November 2025.
2014 San Luis Potosí Challenger
The 2014 San Luis Potosí Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in San Luis Potosí, Mexico between 14 and 19 April 2014.

San Luis Open (tennis)
The Banorte Tennis Open also known as the San Luis Tennis Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. The event is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is the second-longest running Challenger tournament, since 1980 (behind only Tampere Open in Finland). It was part of the WTA Challenger Tour in 2023 and in 2024.
Knewz
Knewz.com is an American news and news aggregation website owned by Knewz Media Group, LLC, a subsidiary of Empire Media Group, Inc. The content is produced by in-house human editors and IT specialists.  The site also made use of artificial intelligence algorithms.

Axios (website)
Axios (styled ΛXIOS in the logo) is an American news website based in Arlington, Virginia. It was founded in 2016 and launched the following year by former Politico journalists Jim VandeHei, Mike Allen, and Roy Schwartz. The site's name is based on the Ancient Greek: ἄξιος ắxĭos, meaning "worthy".

Axios articles are often brief to facilitate quick reading; most are shorter than 300 words and use bullet points. In addition to news articles, Axios produces daily and weekly industry-specific newsletters (including Allen's Axios AM, a successor to his newsletter Politico Playbook for Politico).

On September 1, 2022, Cox Enterprises completed its acquisition of Axios.