hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First Regiment of Texas Mounted Rifle Volunteers
First Regiment of Texas Mounted Rifle Volunteers, also known as Hays's Texas Rangers, was a mounted rifle formation of United States Volunteers during the Mexican–American War. Made up of Texas Rangers, the regiment distinguished itself at the Battle of Monterrey.

Samuel Hamilton Walker
Samuel Hamilton Walker (February 24, 1817 – October 9, 1847) was an American army officer. He served as a Texas Ranger captain and officer of the Republic of Texas and the United States armies. Walker served in several armed conflicts, including the American Indian Wars and the Mexican–American War.
Musicam sacram
Musicam sacram is the title of an instruction on Roman Catholic sacred music issued by the Sacred Congregation of Rites on 5 March 1967 in conjunction with the Second Vatican Council. The instruction deals with the form and nature of worship music within the framework of Sacrosanctum concilium. According to the document, it is not a collection of "all the legislation on sacred music; it only establishes the principal norms which seem to be more necessary for our own day."

Church music
Church music is a genre of Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
Jan Skopeček (politician)
Jan Skopeček (born 21 October  1980) is a Czech Civic Democratic politician who has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) since March 2017, and was deputy president of the Chamber of Deputies from 2021 to 2025.

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies, officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky, PS PČR), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. Since 2002, there have been 14 constituencies, matching the Czech regions, with district size varying from 8 to 26 representatives. A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of the Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague.
Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown
William Mack Brown (born August 27, 1951) is the former head coach of the University of Texas Longhorn football team. During his tenure, the Texas Longhorns football team under Mack Brown had a winning record in 15 of 16 seasons.

Brown's Longhorns won the 2005 National Championship and seven of their ten bowl games. In 2006, he was awarded the Paul "Bear" Bryant Award for "Coach of the Year".

Prior to coaching at Texas, Brown coached at Appalachian State, Tulane, and North Carolina. (Notably, he coached North Carolina again following his time at Texas.)

Brown is credited with revitalizing North Carolina football program, and his tenure at Texas is the most successful for a head coach at the school in the 21st century to date.

2007 Holiday Bowl
The 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 2007, in San Diego, California. It was part of the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season and 1 of 32 games in the 2007–08 bowl season. It featured the Texas Longhorns from the Big 12 against the Pac-10 co-champion Arizona State Sun Devils. Texas won, 52–34, and set Holiday Bowl records for the earliest score and for most points scored in the first quarter. Texas also set a school record for most points scored in a bowl game. A bizarre play involving Chris Jessee, a member of the Longhorn football operations staff and the stepson of the Texas head coach, has been cited as one of the strangest plays of the season.
March ör Die
March ör Die is the tenth studio album by British rock band Motörhead, released in July 1992. It would be the band's second and final album with WTG Records. The album features guest appearances by Ozzy Osbourne, Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash, and veteran drummer Tommy Aldridge. Aldridge stepped in after longtime member Phil Taylor was fired early in the recording process.

No More Tears
No More Tears is the sixth studio album by the English heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne. Released on 17 September 1991, the album charted at number 17 on the UK Albums Chart and number seven on the US Billboard 200 albums chart. No More Tears spawned four singles which reached the top ten of the US Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, including the number two "Mama, I'm Coming Home", and the Grammy-winning track "I Don't Want to Change the World". Along with 1980's Blizzard of Ozz it is one of Osbourne's two best-selling solo albums in North America, having been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA and double platinum by CRIA. It was Osbourne's final album to feature drummer Randy Castillo and longtime bassist and songwriter Bob Daisley.
Ramdas Nayak
Ramdas Nayak was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Mumbai.  He was shot dead on 25 August 1994 by Dawood's gang at the age of 52.  He contested Vidhan Sabha elections 3-4 times with BJP, and served as a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from  Kherwadi seat, near Bandra, in 1970s.  He is best remembered for his 12-year-long private legal battle over the cement scandal which forced Antulay to resign as the state's chief minister.

A. R. Antulay
Abdul Rahman Antulay (9 February 1929 – 2 December 2014) was an Indian politician. Antulay was a union minister for Minority Affairs and a Member of Parliament in the 14th Lok Sabha of India.  Earlier he had been the Chief Minister of the state of Maharashtra, but was forced to resign after being convicted by the Bombay High Court on charges that he had extorted money for a trust fund he managed. Later, the Supreme Court of India gave him a clean chit in that case.

Antulay belonged to the Indian National Congress. In the 2009 Indian general elections, he lost to Anant Geete from the Raigad Lok Sabha constituency of Maharashtra. He is the first Muslim chief minister of Maharashtra.
Young Experimental Physicist Prize of EPS
The Young Experimental Physicist Prize, launched in 2001, honors the work by one or more early-career experimental physicists in the field of Particle Physics and/or Particle Astrophysics. It is awarded every two years by the High Energy Particle Physics Division (EPS-HEPP) of the European Physical Society (EPS) during the EPS conference on High Energy Physics, together with the High Energy Particle Physics Prize, the Cocconi Prize, the Gribov Medal and the Outreach Prize.

Nominations for the award may be submitted through an open call for nominations issued by the EPS-HEPP, usually in January of odd years.  Selection of the prize recipients will be made by the Division and proposed to the president of EPS, who will officially announce the name(s) of the winner(s).

ATLAS experiment
ATLAS is the largest general-purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland. The experiment is designed to take advantage of the unprecedented energy available at the LHC and observe phenomena that involve highly massive particles which were not observable using earlier lower-energy accelerators. ATLAS was one of the two LHC experiments involved in the discovery of the Higgs boson in July 2012. It was also designed to search for evidence of theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

The experiment is a collaboration involving 6,003 members, out of which 3,822 are physicists (last update: June 26, 2022) from 243 institutions in 40 countries.
Mark 26 torpedo
The Mark 26 torpedo was a submarine-launched anti-surface ship torpedo designed by Westinghouse Electric in 1944 as an improved version of the Mark 28 torpedo.

The Mark 26 was first to use Bell Telephone Laboratories' seawater battery, an explosive impulse start gyro and an electric steering and depth control. Production of the Mark 26 was deferred in favor of the Mark 16 torpedo.

Mark 28 torpedo
The Mark 28 torpedo was a submarine-launched, acoustic homing torpedo designed by Westinghouse Electric in 1944 for the United States Navy. The torpedo used all-electric controls. Service use of the Mark 28 ended after the introduction of the Mark 37 torpedo.
Nicrophorus japonicus
Nicrophorus japonicus is a burying beetle described by Edgar von Harold in 1877. It has eastern Palearctic distribution in Japan, Korea, Mongolia, northern and central China, and the Ussuri region of Russia (Siberia).

Burying beetle
Burying beetles or sexton beetles, genus Nicrophorus, are the best-known members of the beetle subfamily Silphinae (carrion beetles). Most of these beetles are black with red markings on the elytra (forewings). Burying beetles are true to their name—they bury the carcasses of small vertebrates such as birds and rodents as a food source for their larvae; this makes them carnivorous. They are unusual among insects in that both the male and female parents take care of the brood.

The genus name is sometimes spelled Necrophorus in older texts: this was an unjustified emendation by Carl Peter Thunberg (1789) of Fabricius's original name, and is not valid under the ICZN.

The American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) has been on the U.S. endangered species list since 1989. This species was native to 35 U.S. states but now is only known to exist in 9.
Robin Hood and the Beggar
"Robin Hood and the Beggar" is a story in the Robin Hood canon which has survived as, among other forms, a late seventeenth-century English broadside ballad, and is a pair out of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads. These two ballads share the same basic plot device in which the English folk hero Robin Hood meets a beggar.

Francis James Child
Francis James Child (February 1, 1825 – September 11, 1896) was an American scholar, educator, and folklorist, best known today for his collection of English and Scottish ballads now known as the Child Ballads. Child was Boylston professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard University, where he produced influential editions of English poetry. In 1876 he was named Harvard's first Professor of English, a position which allowed him to focus on academic research. It was during this time that he began work on the Child Ballads.

The Child Ballads were published in five volumes between 1882 and 1898. While Child was primarily a literary scholar with little interest in the music of the ballads, his work became a major contribution to the study of English-language folk music.
Lê Văn Dũng
Lê Văn Dũng (25 December 1945 – 9 January 2026) was a Vietnamese politician. A member of the Communist Party, he served as Chief of the General Staff from 1998 to 2001.

Lê died in Phú Túc on 9 January 2026, at the age of 80.

Chief of the General Staff (Vietnam)
The chief of the General Staff (alternatively the general chief of staff; Vietnamese: Tổng Tham mưu trưởng) is the chief of staff of the General Staff of the People's Army of Vietnam. The chief of the General Staff performs the task of advising the minister of defense in terms of state management and military command, by that practically being the second highest-ranking professional leader of the Vietnam People’s Army alongside the Chief of the General Department of Political Affairs. The chief of the General Staff also serves ex officio as standing deputy minister of defense. He is appointed by the president of Vietnam, who is the commander-in-chief. The current chief of the General Staff is Army General Nguyễn Tân Cương

The Vietnamese general chief of staff is externally equivalent to the chiefs of defence or heads of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of other countries.
Sele pri Polskavi
Sele pri Polskavi (pronounced [ˈseːlɛ pɾi pɔlˈskaːʋi]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies between Zgornja Polskava and Spodnja Polskava. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Spodnja Polskava
Spodnja Polskava (pronounced [ˈspoːdnja pɔlˈskaːʋa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Stephen and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was built in the 16th century and refurbished in the Baroque style in the early 17th century.
Maoribank
Maoribank is a suburb of Upper Hutt, located 2–3 km east-northeast of the city centre. It was predominantly developed between 1950-1970.

It is located at the base of the Eastern Hutt Valley Hills, on a slight incline. Maoribank can be accessed from SH2 by exiting at either Mangaroa Hill Road or Moeraki Road. It is bordered by Timberlea by following Norana Road up the hill to the northeast, Brown Owl by crossing SH2, and Clouston Park to the southwest by crossing Mangaroa Hill Road. The Mangaroa Valley can be accessed by traversing Mangaroa Hill Road over the Mangaroa Hill in the Eastern Hutt Valley Hills.

While there are no shops in Maoribank, residents have access to a service station and small shopping centre in neighbouring Brown Owl. The shops in Central Upper Hutt are only 2 to 3 km away.

Mangaroa
Mangaroa is a rural settlement just outside of Upper Hutt, situated in the lower North Island of New Zealand. It includes lifestyle blocks and farms surrounded by hills, which are usually covered by a dusting of snow during the winter.

The former Mangaroa railway station is located at Mangaroa.

Mangaroa had its own indie rock radio station, andHow.FM from 2009.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "long stream" for Mangaroa.
Quarterback keeper
A quarterback keeper or keeper in American football is a designed play in which the quarterback does not pass or hand off the ball to another player and instead rushes forward with it in an effort to gain yardage. The play typically is run in instances where only a few yards are needed to gain a first down or touchdown, due to the threat of injury to the quarterback and most quarterbacks' ineffectiveness at running the ball when compared with a running back or fullback; however, this play is called more often with dual-threat quarterbacks. Variations include the bootleg and quarterback sneak.

Bootleg play
In American football, a bootleg play is a play in which the quarterback runs with the ball in the direction of either sideline behind the line of scrimmage. This can be accompanied by a play action, or fake hand off of the ball to a running back running the opposite direction.
Şem'i
Şem'i (fl. second half 16th century; died 1591) was the pen name (takhallus) of Şemʿullah Mustafa ibn Mehmed, an Ottoman Turkish translator and commentator of Persian literary works. He wrote commentaries on the works of famous Persian writers including Attar of Nishapur, Nizami Ganjavi, Saadi Shirazi, Rumi, Hafez and Jami.

Several of his commentaries were written for high-ranking courtiers during the reigns of Sultan Murad III (r. 1574–1595). In February 1587, Murad III ordered Şem'i to write his Turkish commentary on the six-volume Masnavi of Rumi. Murad's sponsoring of Şem'i's commentary resulted in a much wider Turkish readership of the Masnavi.

Murad III
Murad III (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث, romanized: Murād-i sālis; Turkish: III. Murad; 4 July 1546 – 16 January 1595) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595.

His rule saw battles with the Habsburgs and exhausting wars with the Safavids. The long-independent Morocco was for a time made a vassal of the empire but regained independence in 1582. His reign also saw the empire's expanding influence on the eastern coast of Africa. However, the empire was beset by increasing corruption and inflation from the New World which led to unrest among the Janissary and commoners. Relations with Elizabethan England were cemented during his reign, as both had a common enemy in the Spanish. He was also a great patron of the arts, commissioning the Siyer-i-Nebi and other illustrated manuscripts.
San Jacinto Valley
The San Jacinto Valley is a valley located in Riverside County, in Southern California, in the Inland Empire. The valley is located at the base of the San Jacinto Mountains in the east and Santa Rosa Hills to the south with the San Gorgonio Pass to the north. The average elevation is 1,500 feet (460 m), with the highest points in the foothills south of Hemet and the western slopes of the San Jacinto Mountains. It is home to two cities, Hemet and San Jacinto, and several unincorporated communities. According to the 2020 census, the valley has a combined population of over 190,000 residents, including more than 143,000 residents within the city limits of Hemet and San Jacinto. The valley is also where the story and play "Ramona" was set; the story was written after author Helen Hunt Jackson visited the valley in the 1880s. The valley is also known for being an area of agriculture, which has given way to more urbanized development.

Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
The Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail is a 1,210-mile (1,950 km) trail extending from Nogales on the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona, through the California desert and coastal areas in Southern California and the Central Coast region to San Francisco. The trail commemorates the 1775–1776 land route that Spanish commander Juan Bautista de Anza took from the Sonora y Sinaloa Province of New Spain in Colonial Mexico through to Las Californias Province. The goal of the trip was to establish a mission and presidio on San Francisco Bay.  The trail was an attempt to ease the course of Spanish colonization of California by establishing a major land route north for many to follow. It was used for about five years before being closed by the Quechan (Yuma) Indians in 1781 and kept closed for the next 40 years. It is a National Historic Trail administered by the National Park Service and was also designated a National Millennium Trail.
Gmina Udanin
Gmina Udanin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Środa County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Udanin, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Środa Śląska, and 43 kilometres (27 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 110.71 square kilometres (42.7 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 5,082. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area.

Środa Śląska
Środa Śląska (/ˈʃroʊdə ˈʃlɒ̃skə/, Polish: [ˈɕrɔda ˈɕlɔ̃ska]; German: Neumarkt in Schlesien) is a town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Środa County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Środa Śląska. The town lies approximately 32 km (20 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław, on the Średzka Woda creek. As of 2019, the town has a population of 9,516. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The town emerged from a medieval Polish trade settlement in the 13th century, and its town rights, granted by Henry the Bearded, became a model for municipal rights of more than 100 towns in Poland. The town has been an important craft and trade center since and has a number of heritage structures, including in Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque styles, and is the site of the discovery of the medieval Środa Treasure.
Robert Habersham Coleman
Robert Habersham Coleman (March 27, 1856 – March 15, 1930) was an iron industrialist, railroad president, and owner of extensive farmland in Pennsylvania. He was nationally known as the "Iron King of Pennsylvania." In 1879, he was worth about $7 million (equivalent to $236,225,000 in today's money). By 1889, he had turned that into $30 million (equivalent to $1,049,888,889 in today's money). At the time, he had more money than his contemporaries A. J. Drexel, Marshall Field, J. P. Morgan or Frederick William Vanderbilt.

He was "rich, progressive, generous, honest—he was utterly crushed by the financial panic of 1893."

Lebanon station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Lebanon station is an historic, American railway station that is located in Lebanon, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.

Situated one block south of the Reading Railroad's Lebanon station, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as the Cornwall & Lebanon Railroad Station.
Ivan Kiryakov
Ivan Kiryakov (born 5 July 1943) is a Bulgarian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he defeated Bohumil Němeček of Czechoslovakia, before losing to Celal Sandal of Turkey.

Bohumil Němeček
Bohumil Němeček (2 January 1938 – 2 May 2010) was a Czech welterweight boxer. He first trained in ice hockey, and changed to boxing only in 1955, winning Czechoslovak national titles in 1959 and 1960, an Olympic gold medal in 1960, and a European title in 1967. He also competed at the 1964 and 1968 Olympics, but in both cases was eliminated in the second round. After retiring as a participant, Němeček worked as a boxing coach and a bus driver. His health rapidly deteriorated after suffering a stroke in 2000, eventually resulting in his death ten years later.
John Tunstall
John Henry Tunstall (6 March 1853 – 18 February 1878) was an English-born rancher and merchant in Lincoln County, New Mexico, United States. He competed with the Irish Catholic merchants, lawmen, and politicians who ran the town of Lincoln and the county. Tunstall, a member of the Republican Party, hoped to unseat the Irish and make a fortune as the county's new boss. He was the first man killed in the Lincoln County War, an economic and political conflict that resulted in armed warfare between rival gangs of cowboys and the ranchers, lawmen, and politicians who issued the orders.

Revenge
Revenge is defined as committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Vengeful forms of justice, such as primitive justice or retributive justice, are often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as distributive justice or restorative justice.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 – Men's 1000 metres
The men's 1000 metres race of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 4, arranged in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, was held on 12 December 2015.

Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia won the race, while his compatriot Denis Yuskov came second, and Kjeld Nuis of the Netherlands came third. Jonathan Garcia of the United States won the Division B race.

2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4
The fourth competition weekend of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, from Friday, 11 December, until Sunday, 13 December 2015.

There were no world records over the weekend. Multiple winners were Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia, who won one of the men's 500 m races and the 1000 m race, and Sven Kramer of the Netherlands, who won the men's 5000 m race and the team pursuit.