hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hindley–Milner type system
A Hindley–Milner (HM) type system is a classical type system for the lambda calculus with parametric polymorphism. It is also known as Damas–Milner or Damas–Hindley–Milner. It was first described by J. Roger Hindley and later rediscovered by Robin Milner. Luis Damas contributed a close formal analysis and proof of the method in his PhD thesis.

Among HM's more notable properties are its completeness and its ability to infer the most general type of a given program without programmer-supplied type annotations or other hints. Algorithm W is an efficient type inference method in practice and has been successfully applied on large code bases, although it has a high theoretical complexity. HM is preferably used for functional programming languages. It was first implemented as part of the type system of the programming language ML. Since then, HM has been extended in various ways, most notably with type class constraints like those in Haskell.

Type class
In computer science, a type class is a type system construct that supports ad hoc polymorphism in a programming language. This is achieved by adding constraints to type variables in parametrically polymorphic types. Such a constraint typically involves a type class T and a type variable a, and means that a can only be instantiated to a type whose members support the overloaded operations associated with T.

Type classes were first implemented in the language Haskell after first being proposed by Philip Wadler and Stephen Blott as an extension to eqtypes in Standard ML, and were originally conceived as a way of implementing overloaded arithmetic and equality operators in a principled fashion.
In contrast with the "eqtypes" of Standard ML, overloading the equality operator through the use of type classes in Haskell does not need extensive modification of the compiler frontend or the underlying type system.
Cappercleuch
Cappercleuch is a settlement on the A708, at St. Mary's Loch in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the historic county of Selkirkshire.

Places nearby include Bowerhope Law, Craigierig, Deer Law, the Dryhope Tower, Ettrickbridge, the Ettrick Forest, the Megget Reservoir, the Megget Water, Mountbenger, the former Tibbie Shiels Inn, the Yarrow Water and the Glen Cafe overlooking the Loch of the Lowes.

Craigierig
Craigierig is a village on the Megget Reservoir, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Selkirkshire.

Places nearby include the Glengaber Burn, Henderland, St Mary's Loch, the Tibbie Shiels Inn, and Yarrow Water.
Granville D. Hall
Granville Davisson Hall (September 17, 1837  – June 24, 1934) was an American journalist, businessman and politician who helped found the state of West Virginia during the American Civil War. He served as the Secretary of State of West Virginia and as the private secretary of the first governor, Arthur Boreman, and eventually wrote seven books, including The Rending of Virginia to counteract the growing Lost Cause myth. After the Civil War, Hall became involved in the railroad industry in Kentucky, eventually becoming President of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, but later moved to Glencoe, Illinois where he continued writing and served as the village clerk.

Secretary of State of West Virginia
The secretary of state of West Virginia is an elected office within the U.S. state of West Virginia state government. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing the state's election process, including voter registration and election results reporting.

The current secretary of state is Republican Kris Warner.
Ethel Sturges Dummer
Ethel Sturges Dummer (1866–1954) was a Chicago-based progressive activist, writer, and philanthropist whose interests encompassed child labor laws, prison reform, education, psychology, and conservation.

Institute for Juvenile Research
The Institute for Juvenile Research (IJR) is a research, demonstration and training center housed in the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago.  The institute has more than 40 faculty members and 65 professional staff members. IJR programs address pressing issues such as HIV risk, access to effective school services, the epidemiology of drug abuse, services for families in the child welfare system and the training of child mental health providers. The institute also offers child psychiatry clinical services and training programs in child and adolescent psychiatry, psychology and social work.
Energy intensity
Energy intensity is a measure of the energy inefficiency of an economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) or some other measure of economic output. High energy intensities indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP. On the other hand, low energy intensity indicates a lower price or cost of converting energy into GDP.

The energy intensity of a country or region differs from its energy efficiency. Energy intensity is affected by climate, economic structure (e.g. services vs. manufacturing), trade, as well as the energy efficiency of buildings, vehicles, and industry.

High energy intensity means high industrial output as portion of GDP. Countries with low energy intensity signifies labor intensive economy.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Stone Sentinel Maze
The Stone Sentinel Maze was an array of rocks and boulders thought to be conjured by Zhuge Liang based on the baguazhen and the concept of the bagua. The formation was located on Yufu Shore (魚腹浦) by the Yangtze River near present-day Baidicheng, Chongqing, China, where supposed ruins of the array exist. In folklore, when the Yangtze River rises in summer, the formation is submerged, but in autumn, the array resurfaces, with the rocks and boulders still left intact in their original positions.

Battle of Xiaoting
The Battle of Xiaoting (猇亭之戰), also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, in the years 221 and 222 during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle is significant because Wu was able to turn the situation from a series of initial losses into a defensive stalemate, before proceeding to win a decisive victory over Shu. The Wu victory halted the Shu invasion and preceded the death of Liu Bei, Shu's founding emperor.
Jesús Sucre
Jesús Marcelo Sucre Medina (born April 30, 1988) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher for the Delfines de La Guaira of the Venezuelan Major League. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Tampa Bay Rays, and Baltimore Orioles.

Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
The Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (Spanish: Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional, or LVBP) is the top-level professional baseball league in Venezuela. The league's champion takes part in the Caribbean Series each year.
Jan Veselý
Jan Veselý (born 24 April 1990) is a Czech professional basketball player for FC Barcelona of the Spanish Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. Standing at 2.10 m (6 ft 10+1⁄2 in), he can play both the power forward and center positions. He was selected sixth overall in the 2011 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards. Veselý is a Three-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection.

EuroLeague MVP of the Month
The EuroLeague MVP of the Month is the award of Europe's premier level basketball league, the EuroLeague, for the most valuable player of each month of the season. The award began in the 2004–05 season, after the EuroLeague eliminated the EuroLeague regular season and EuroLeague top 16 MVP awards. From the 2004–05 season to the 2015–16 season, the EuroLeague awarded an MVP for each month of the season, rather than giving MVP awards for the "regular season stage" (the first group stage of the competition), and the Top 16 stage (the second group stage of the competition), as it had done in earlier seasons.
J. Randall Brown
John Randall Brown (October 28, 1851 – July 3, 1926) was an American mentalist of the Victorian era, and was one of the first nationally popular mentalists of his age. By some accounts, Brown was the first to publicly perform a mind-reading act in the United States, in 1873. He was born in Saint Louis, Missouri.

Telepathy
Telepathy (from Ancient Greek  τῆλε (têle) 'distant' and  πάθος/-πάθεια (páthos/-pátheia) 'feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience') is the purported vicarious transmission of information from one person's mind to another's without using any known human sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was first coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

Telepathy experiments have historically been criticized for a lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no good evidence that telepathy exists, and the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction.
More of Tom Lehrer
More of Tom Lehrer was the second and final studio album recorded by musical satirist Tom Lehrer. The LP contains the same songs (in the same sequence) as the live album An Evening Wasted with Tom Lehrer, which was recorded and released earlier in the same year. The album was recorded and mixed in a single three-hour session at the RCA Studios in New York on July 8, 1959.

When Reprise Records took over the distribution of Lehrer's works in the 1960s, they chose to represent Lehrer's 1959 material with the live versions of An Evening Wasted, and as a consequence More of... remained out of print for several decades. It was eventually reissued by Rhino Records as part of the 1997 album  Songs & More Songs by Tom Lehrer and in the 2000 box set The Remains of Tom Lehrer. Although More of... was originally released in monophonic and stereo versions, the producers of the Rhino releases opted for the mono mix.

The Remains of Tom Lehrer
The Remains of Tom Lehrer is a box set containing all the songs from musical satirist Tom Lehrer's previous albums along with previously unreleased songs and his works featured on the public television show The Electric Company. Some of the songs from his debut album, Songs by Tom Lehrer, were re-recorded for the CD.  The box set was released in 2000 and also includes a booklet with an introduction by Dr. Demento, pictures of various album covers and song books, reprints of the Mad magazine, prints of some of his songs, an extensive question-and-answer session and other information.

In 2020, Lehrer donated all of his lyrics and music written by him to the public domain. He followed this on November 1, 2022 with all recording and performing rights of any kind, making all of his music that he has originally composed or performed free for anyone to use.
Music of Bali
The Music of Bali, Bali is an Indonesian island that shares in the gamelan and other Indonesian musical styles.  Bali, however, has its own techniques and styles, including kecak, a form of singing that imitates the sound of monkeys.  In addition, the island is home to several unique kinds of gamelan, including the gamelan jegog, gamelan gong gede, gamelan gambang, gamelan selunding and gamelan semar pegulingan, the cremation music angklung and the processional music bebonangan.  Modern popular styles include gamelan gong kebyar, dance music which developed during the Dutch occupation and 1950s era joged bumbung, another popular dance style. In Balinese music you can also hear metallophones, gongs and xylophones.

Gamelan jegog
Jegog is a form of gamelan music indigenous to Bali, Indonesia, played on instruments made of bamboo. The tradition of jegog is centered in Jembrana, a region in Western Bali. In recent years jegog has started to become popular in other regions of Bali with a few groups being established in central Bali to entertain tourists. International interest has been spread by tourists visiting Bali and by recordings. There are virtually no ensembles outside of Bali with the exception of at least two groups in Japan (Sekar Sakura and Geinoh Yamashirogumi, the latter's having been used in 4 of the tracks in their score for the film Akira as well as on the final track of Ecophony Rinne ), one in the United States (Sekar Jaya) and one in Germany. Jegog music is very fast, loud, rhythmic and precise. Pieces last from a few minutes to as long as thirty minutes.
Sprint Stakes
The Sprint Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of 5 furlongs and 10 yards (1,015 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early July.

The event is held on the same afternoon as Sandown Park's most prestigious flat race, the Eclipse Stakes.

The race was run for the first time in 1986 as the Trafalgar House Sprint Stakes, at Listed level, and it was promoted to Group 3 status in 2004.

The long-term sponsors of the Eclipse Stakes, Coral, have sponsored the Sprint Stakes in 2009. It is now known as the Coral Charge.

Sandown Park Racecourse
Sandown Park is a horse racing course and leisure venue in Esher, Surrey, England, located in the outer suburbs of London. It hosts 5 Grade One National Hunt races and one Group 1 flat race, the Eclipse Stakes. It regularly has horse racing during afternoons, evenings and on weekends, and also hosts many non-racing events such as trade shows, wedding fairs, toy fairs, car shows and auctions, property shows, concerts, and even some private events. It was requisitioned by the War Department from 1940 to 1945 for World War II.

The venue has hosted bands such as UB40, Madness, Girls Aloud, Spandau Ballet and Simply Red. The racecourse is close to Esher railway station, served by trains from London Waterloo. There is a secondary exit from Esher station which is open on race days, this exit leads directly into the racecourse and Lower Green, Esher.
Silvan Shalom
Zion Silvan Shalom (Hebrew: ציון סילבן שלום; born 4 August 1958) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1992 and 2015. He held several prominent ministerial positions, including Vice Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. He resigned on 24 December 2015 following allegations of sexual harassment. Later on, the Attorney-General closed this investigation and said these claims were unsubstantiated.

Ministry of Interior (Israel)
The Ministry of Interior (Hebrew: משרד הפנים, Misrad HaPnim; Arabic: وزارة الداخلية) in the State of Israel is one of the government offices that is responsible for local government, citizenship and residency, identity cards, and student and entry visas.
Kaurenoic acid
Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid or kauren-19-oic acid) is a diterpene with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However its low solubility and blood lytic activity on erythrocytes might make it a poor pharmaceutical candidate. Kaurenoic acid also has uterine relaxant activity via calcium blockade and opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Kaurenoic acid is found in several plants such as Copaifera.  It is a potential biomarker for the presence of sunflower in foods.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
Liam Blanchfield
Liam Blanchfield (born 18 November 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Bennettsbridge and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left wing-forward.

2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the top tier of senior inter-county championship hurling.

The championship began on 1 May 2016 and ended on 4 September 2016.

Kilkenny were the defending champions. Kerry qualified for the competition for the first time since 2004

Tipperary won the title for the 27th time and for the first time since 2010, defeating Kilkenny in the final, 2–29 to 2–20.
Bhima (Varendra king)
Bhima ruled Varendra for thirty years, and during his reign, Varendra was transformed into a prosperous kingdom. Bhima was a benevolent and popular king, and he deprived the Brahmins and the privileged landed class of their privileges and collected taxes from them to dedicate himself to the welfare of the farmers and common subjects. Because of his egalitarian mindset and dedication to public welfare, he was called "Mahāmahima". Bhima's memory in Varendra is still preserved through landmarks such as Bhima's Dyke, Bhima's Jungle, Bhima Sagar and Bhima's Panti.

Mahipala
Mahipala (r. 978–1026), also known as Mahipala I, was the Pala emperor from 978 until his death in 1026. He was the son and successor of Vigrahapala II. Mahipala's reign marked a resurgence in fortunes for the Pala empire, whose boundaries were expanded as far as Varanasi. However, his rule was temporarily hampered by the northern expedition of the Chola Emperor, Rajendra I.
Lambda Cassiopeiae
Lambda Cassiopeiae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from λ Cassiopeiae, and abbreviated Lambda Cas or λ Cas. The system has a combined apparent magnitude of +4.74, making it faintly visible to the naked eye. With an annual parallax shift of 8.64 mas, it is approximately 380 light years from Earth. The system is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −12 km/s.

Both components are blue-white B-type main-sequence stars. The brighter member, component A, has an apparent magnitude of +5.5, while its companion, component B, has an apparent magnitude of +5.8. The two stars are separated by 0.6 arcseconds and complete one orbit around their common centre of mass about once every 250 years. The primary displays an infrared excess, possibly due to a debris disk or other orbiting material.

B-type main-sequence star
A B-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type B. The spectral luminosity class is given as V. These stars have from 2 to 18 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 10,000 and 30,000 K.

B-type stars are luminous and blue-white. Their spectra have strong neutral helium absorption lines, which are most prominent at the B2 subclass, and moderately strong hydrogen lines. Examples include Regulus, Algol A and Acrux.
Pedal harp
The pedal harp (also known as the concert harp) is a large and technologically modern harp, designed primarily for use in art music. It may be played solo, as part of a chamber ensemble, or in an orchestra. It typically has 47 strings with seven strings per octave, giving a range of six and a half octaves.

In this type of harp the pedals alter the pitch of the strings, so that the pedal harp can easily play works written in any key. This is particularly important in the harmonically complex music of the Romantic period and later 20th-century classical music.

Enharmonic equivalence
In music, two written notes have enharmonic equivalence if they produce the same pitch but are notated differently. Similarly, written intervals, chords, or key signatures are considered enharmonic if they represent identical pitches that are notated differently. The term derives from Latin enharmonicus, in turn from Late Latin enarmonius, from Ancient Greek ἐναρμόνιος (enarmónios), from ἐν ('in') and ἁρμονία ('harmony').
Kr00k
Kr00k (also written as KrØØk) is a security vulnerability that allows some WPA2 encrypted WiFi traffic to be decrypted. The vulnerability was originally discovered by security company ESET in 2019 and assigned CVE-2019-15126 on August 17th, 2019. ESET estimates that this vulnerability affects over a billion devices.

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system, originally Common Vulnerability Enumeration, provides a reference method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures. The United States' Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute FFRDC, operated by The MITRE Corporation, maintains the system, with funding from the US National Cyber Security Division of the US Department of Homeland Security. The system was officially launched for the public in September 1999.

The Security Content Automation Protocol uses CVE, and CVE IDs are listed on MITRE's system as well as the basis for the US National Vulnerability Database.
Regan Garden
Regan Garden (simplified Chinese: 罗别根花园; traditional Chinese: 羅別根花園; pinyin: Luóbiégēn Huāyuán) is a building in Changning, Shanghai. Built in 1931, the building was the home of hotelier Victor Sassoon until the Second Sino-Japanese War, when it was occupied by various forces. After its last owner moved to Hong Kong in 1956, several companies leased the property to serve as their headquarters, before it was made an outstanding historic building in 1989.

Changning, Shanghai
Changning District (Chinese: 长宁区; pinyin: Chángníng Qū; ⓘ) is one of the seven administrative districts that make up the city centre of Shanghai, China. It has a land area of 37.19 km2 (14.36 sq mi) and had a population of 694,000 as of 2018. The district government is located at 1320 Yuyuan Rd.
Josephine Trigg Pigott House
Josephine Trigg Pigott House is a historic home located at Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. It was built between 1857 and 1860, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, "T"-plan, Gothic Revival style brick dwelling.  It has flared gable roofs distinguished by returns and a centered cross gable. It was built by Dr. William H. Trigg as a wedding gift for his daughter, as was the Juliet Trigg Johnson House.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Boonville, Missouri
Boonville is a city and the county seat of Cooper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 7,964 at the 2020 census. The city was the site of a skirmish early in the Civil War, on July 17, 1861. Union forces defeated the Missouri State Guard in the first Battle of Boonville. It is part of the Columbia, Missouri metropolitan area.
Compact weaver
The compact weaver (Pachyphantes superciliosus) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Pachyphantes. It has a highly discontinuous distribution from Senegal to Liberia, east to Ethiopia and south to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Ploceidae
Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches, or bishops. These names come from the nests of intricately woven vegetation created by birds in this family. In most recent classifications, the Ploceidae are a clade that excludes some birds that have historically been placed in the family, such as some of the sparrows, but which includes the monotypic subfamily Amblyospizinae. The family is believed to have originated in the mid-Miocene. All birds of the Ploceidae are native to the Old World, most in Africa south of the Sahara, though a few live in tropical areas of Asia. A few species have been introduced outside their native range.