hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamikaze 1NT
Kamikaze 1NT is a preemptive 1NT opening in the game of contract bridge and in common practice shows a balanced hand with 10-12 high-card points (HCP) - also known as the mini-notrump range. It is used in first or second seat hoping to make 1NT opposite an average hand of about 10 HCP.

Originally developed by John Kierein as part of a bidding system to indicate 9-12 HCP, he modified the point range to 10-13 HCP because American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) rules on conventions did not allow the use of Stayman on opening notrump bids with a lower limit below 10 HCP.

Stayman convention
Stayman is a bidding convention in the card game contract bridge. It is used by a partnership to find a 4-4 or 5-3 trump fit in a major suit after making a one notrump (1NT) opening bid and it has been adapted for use after a 2NT opening, a 1NT overcall, and many other natural notrump bids.

The convention is named for Sam Stayman, who wrote the first published description in 1945, but its inventors were two other players: the British expert Jack Marx in 1939, who published it only in 1946, and Stayman's regular partner George Rapée in 1944.
Kazuo Miyagawa
Kazuo Miyagawa (宮川 一夫, Miyagawa Kazuo; February 25, 1908 – August 7, 1999) was a Japanese cinematographer. He worked with some of the most prominent directors of Japanese cinema during the 1950s and '60s, notably Akira Kurosawa, Kenji Mizoguchi, Kon Ichikawa and Yasujirō Ozu. He won three Japan Academy Film Prizes for his work. The Museum of Modern Art called him "most influential cinematographer of postwar Japanese cinema."

Conflagration (film)
Conflagration (炎上, Enjō) is a 1958 Japanese drama film directed by Kon Ichikawa. It is based on the Yukio Mishima novel The Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Ichikawa named Conflagration as the favourite among his own films.
Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha (Ukrainian: Перша ліга [ˈpɛrʃɐ ˈl⁽ʲ⁾iɦɐ]) or Ukrainian First League is a level of national football competitions (second tier) in Ukraine governed by the Professional Football League at the discretion of the Ukrainian Association of Football. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. The league is the intermediate level within the three-tiered "competition pyramid".

Ukrainian Cup
The Ukrainian Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок України [ˈkubok ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is an association football national knockout cup competition run by the Ukrainian Association of Football. The competition is conducted almost exclusively among professional clubs. Since the 2003–04 season, the Cup winner qualifies to play the Ukrainian Premier League winner for the Ukrainian Super Cup.
Whitehead, Nova Scotia
Whitehead is a rural community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.

As of 2011 the population of Whitehead consists of between 50 and 120 people. The location and geography of Whitehead is very typical of a coastal fishing village, in that it has various large rockformations and many small islands surrounding it. The harbour is protected by islands and points extending out into the bay from either side. Whitehead experiences large amounts of fog due to its relative location. Each year during the second week in August the annual Whitehead Days festival is held, with a parade, games for children, a beer garden, and many other attractions.

Municipality of the District of Guysborough
Guysborough, officially the Municipality of the District of Guysborough, is a Canadian district municipality in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia. First inhabited by the Mi'kmaq, The area was colonized by France in the 17th century. Large numbers of loyalists settled in the area after the American Revolutionary War. The Municipality was created in 1879 when the administration of Guysborough County was divided between Guysborough and St. Mary's. Canso was incorporated as a town in 1901, but dissolved and rejoined the municipality in 2012. The municipal office is located in Guysborough.
1973 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1973 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 75th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 9 September to 28 October 1973.

The final was played on 28 October 1973 at the Athletic Grounds in Cork, between Naomh Abán and Mitchelstown, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Naomh Abán won the match by 2–15 to 0–05 to claim their first ever championship title.

1895 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 13 October 1895 at the Town Park in Mallow, between William O'Briens and Dromtarriffe. William O'Briens won the match by 0–04 to 0–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
State Highway 20 (Rajasthan)
State Highway 20 (RJ SH 20) is a State Highway in Rajasthan state of India that connects  Sikar district of Rajasthan with Nokha in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. The total length of RJ SH 20 is 172.1 km.

Bikaner district
Bikaner district is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The historic city of Bikaner is the district headquarters. The district is located in Bikaner Division along with the three other districts of Churu, Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh.
Feminization (sexual activity)
Feminization or feminisation, sometimes forced feminization (shortened to forcefem or forced femme), and also known as sissification, is a practice in dominance and submission or kink subcultures, involving reversal of patriarchal gender roles and making a submissive male take on a feminine role, which includes cross-dressing. Subsets of the practice include "sissy training" and variations thereof, where the submissive male is "trained" to become feminine.

Feminization as a sexual fetish is different from being a transgender woman, and the submissive partners engaging in it are typically cisgender men. It has been speculated that the fetish is rooted in societal pressure for men to be traditionally masculine.

Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.

Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gracefulness, gentleness, empathy, humility, and sensitivity, though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors.
Fu Maoji
Fu Maoji (Chinese: 傅懋勣; pinyin: Fù Màojī; 1911–1988) was a Chinese linguist.  With Luo Changpei, he led the development of writing systems for national minority languages of China. He married Xu Lin, a linguist.

Fu obtained a degree in linguistics at Peking University in 1939 and in 1948 went to the University of Cambridge, where he obtained his doctorate in 1950 with a thesis on the grammar of the Yi language.  In April 1952, he became chair of the Department of Minority Languages of the Institute of Linguistics. In 1955, he organized the Institute of Minority Languages under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, becoming the vice director in 1956.

Luo Changpei
Luo Changpei (Chinese: 羅常培; Wade–Giles: Lo Ch'ang-p'ei; 9 August 1899 – 13 December 1958) was a Chinese linguist. He made important contributions to the study of historical Chinese phonology. He was also a pioneer of the modern studies of Chinese dialects and of non-Chinese languages in China.

Born into a Manchu family, he graduated from the Peking University. Besides spending some years in the United States as  a visiting scholar, he spent most of his academic life at Peking University. Among his students there were the British scholars Michael Halliday and David Hawkes. In 1929, along with Y.R. Chao and Li Fang-kuei, he became a researcher at the Institute of History and Philology (歷史語言研究所) of Academia Sinica (then located at Nanjing). He also served as director of the Institute of Linguistics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences until his death in 1958.

Luo also co-authored a book on the 'Phags-pa script with Cai Meibiao (Chinese: 蔡美彪).
Guabal, Cajamarca
Guabal is a river village in the Huancabamba River valley, located on a western tributary of this river in northwestern Peru. It lies roughly 90 kilometres southwest of Jaén. The Limon Dam is located to the south.

Jaén, Peru
Jaén (Spanish: [xaˈen] ⓘ), founded as San Leandro de Jaén and then known as Jerez de la Frontera (later Nueva Jerez de la Frontera) and finally as Jaén de Bracamoros since April 1549, is a city which is the capital of the Jaén Province in the Cajamarca Region in Peru, located in the high jungle of northern Peru. It is the seat of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of St. Francis Xavier, also known as Apostolic Vicariate of Jaén en Peru.
Myrtle Lake (King County, Washington)
Myrtle Lake is a freshwater lake located on the northern slope of Big Snow Mountain between Snoqualmie Lake and Chetwoot Lake, in King County, Washington. Self-issued Alpine Lake Wilderness permit required for transit within the Big Snow Mountain area. Because Myrtle Lake is at the heart of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, the lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing rainbow trout and coastal cutthroat trout.

The input for Myrtle Lake is from Little Myrtle Lake, less than a mile distance to the north. Big Snow Lake is also a short distance from Myrtle Lake, to the East while Little Bulger Ridge overshadows off the northwest shore of Myrtle Lake.

Snoqualmie Lake
Snoqualmie Lake is a lake in King County, Washington.  It is an expansion of the Taylor River and is located a short distance downstream from Deer Lake.  It is the largest of the three lakes along the upper reaches of the Taylor.

The lake can be accessed by hiking up the Snoqualmie Lake Trail which starts 0.2 miles from the end of the Taylor River Trail.  The trail is steep with several washouts.  The trail first reaches the lake at the outlet and continues along its shore to the other end and eventually continues on to Deer Lake.

The Taylor River, after exiting the lake drops over a fairly large waterfall as it plunges down a headwall to the bottom of the valley.  The trail passes a small portion of the falls.
2020 Styrian Grand Prix
The 2020 Styrian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Pirelli Großer Preis der Steiermark 2020) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 12 July 2020 at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg, Styria,  Austria. It was the second round of the 2020 Formula One World Championship. It was the first running of the Styrian Grand Prix, and was held exactly one week after the 2020 Austrian Grand Prix on the same track, due to the rescheduling of the season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the race, Lewis Hamilton won from pole position, ahead of his teammate Valtteri Bottas and Max Verstappen. The result saw Hamilton close to within 6 points of the championship leader, Bottas, and Mercedes extend their lead in the Constructors' Championship to 41 points.

Racing flags
Racing flags are traditionally used in auto racing and similar motorsports to indicate track conditions and to communicate important messages to drivers. Typically, the starter, sometimes the grand marshal of a race, waves the flags atop a flag stand near the start-finish line. Track marshals are also stationed at observation posts along the race track in order to communicate both local and course-wide conditions to drivers.  Alternatively, some race tracks employ lights to supplement the primary flag at the start-finish line.
Runabout (carriage)
A runabout is an American light, open, horse-drawn vehicle with four large wheels that predated the runabout car.

Similar to a buggy, the runabout was used for informal, utilitarian travel or "running about" on errands.

One type was also called a "driving wagon", made very light in order to be easily hitched by one person, and easily pulled over long distances by a single horse.

A typical example was the light buggy used in the 1890s for daily duties by senior staff of the San Francisco Fire Department. Runabouts could be either fancy or plain, but not encumbered with fenders, heavy tops or optional accessories that added weight.

Buggy (carriage)
A buggy is an American lightweight four-wheeled carriage drawn by a single horse, though occasionally by two. Amish buggies are still regularly in use on the roadways of the United States. The word "buggy" has become a generic term for "carriage" in the United States. Historically, in England, a buggy was a two-wheeled vehicle.
Ronald Alcantra
Ronald Alcantra (born 1929) was a Singaporean part-time singer, actor and playwright. He won the 1955 All-Malaya edition of Radio Malaya's Talentime as a singer. In the 1960s, he began acting and singing in local theatrical productions. His first play, An Eclipse Leaves No Shadows, won first place in the 'one-act play' category of a playwriting competition organised by the Ministry of Culture.

Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall
The Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall is a performing arts centre in the Central Area of Singapore, situated along Empress Place.  It is a complex of two buildings and a clock tower joined together by a common corridor; the oldest part of the building was first built in 1862, and the complex was completed in 1909.  The complex has undergone a number of renovations and refurbishment, mostly recently in 2010 when the complex was closed for a four-year renovation project. It reopened on 15 July 2014.

The buildings in the complex have been used for a number of purposes, such as public events, political meetings, exhibitions, musical and stage performances, and for a brief period as a hospital. The concert hall is used as a performance venue by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO), and the complex is managed by Arts House Limited. The Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall was gazetted as a national monument on 14 February 1992.
St. Mary of the Assumption Church (Laurin, Montana)
St. Mary of the Assumption Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church located at Laurin, Madison County, Montana, United States, in the Diocese of Helena. It is noted for its historic parish church.

Diocese of Helena
The Diocese of Helena (Latin: Dioecesis Helenensis) is the Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in western Montana in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon.

The mother church of the Diocese of Helena is the Cathedral of Saint Helena in Helena. The diocese was erected on March 7, 1884.
Weierstrass M-test
In mathematics, the Weierstrass M-test is a test for determining whether an infinite series of functions converges uniformly and absolutely. It applies to series whose terms are bounded functions with real or complex values, and is analogous to the comparison test for determining the convergence of series of real or complex numbers. It is named after the German mathematician Karl Weierstrass (1815–1897).

Direct comparison test
In mathematics, the comparison test, sometimes called the direct comparison test to distinguish it from similar related tests (especially the limit comparison test), provides a way of deducing whether an infinite series or an improper integral converges or diverges by comparing the series or integral to one whose convergence properties are known.
Júlio César (footballer, born November 1978)
Júlio César Santos Correa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒulju ˈsɛzɐʁ]; born 18 November 1978), known as Júlio César, is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played mainly as a central defender, and a manager.

During a professional career that spanned two decades, he played for 16 clubs in 12 countries, but never in Brazil. In the Spanish La Liga, he amassed totals of 125 matches and six goals over six seasons, winning the Champions League with Real Madrid in 2000.

2006–07 Super League Greece
The 2006–07 Super League Greece was the 71st season of the highest football league of Greece and the inaugural under the name Super League. The season began on 19 August 2006 and ended on 13 May 2007. Olympiacos clinched the title on 22 April with their victory over Kerkyra, for their third straight title and 10th in the last 11 years.

For the next season, Ionikos, Kerkyra and Egaleo have been relegated to B' Ethniki given that they have finished in the lowest three spots of the table. Asteras Tripolis, Levadiakos and Veria was promoted from B' Ethniki for 2007–08.
2003 Women's EuroHockey Championship Qualifiers
The 2003 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship Qualifiers was a series of 3 qualification events for the 2003 EuroHockey Nations Championships in Barcelona. The tournaments were held in Ireland, Lithuania and Spain between 8 July and 15 September 2002.

The top team three teams from the two initial tournaments qualified directly to the EuroHockey Nations Championship. The fourth ranked teams from each tournament advanced to a play–off series to determine the final spot at the tournament.

2003 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 2003 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the sixth edition of the women's field hockey championship organised by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 1 until 13 September 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. This was the last EuroHockey Nations Championship with 12 teams. The 4 teams ending 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th were relegated to the first EuroHockey Nations Trophy. The 8 remaining teams played in the 2005 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship.
2011 German Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 German Figure Skating Championships (German: Deutsche Meisterschaften im Eiskunstlaufen 2011) took place on January 7–9, 2011 at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels. The results were among the criteria used to choose the German teams to the 2011 World Championships and 2011 European Championships.

2011 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The competition was originally assigned to Nagano, Japan, and later moved to Tokyo, to be held from March 21–27 at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium with the Japan Skating Federation as the host organization. It was postponed in the wake of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and later reassigned to Moscow, Russia.
2009 World Women's Handball Championship squads
The following is a list of squads for each nation competing at the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in the People's Republic of China. The tournament began 5 December, and its final was held in Nanjing on 20 December.

Each nation had to submit an initial squad of 28 players, 12 of them became reserves when the final squad of 16 players was announced on 5 December.

Appearances, goals and ages as of 5 December 2009.

2009 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2009 World Women's Handball Championship was the 19th edition, second to take place outside Europe, of the international championship tournament in women's team sport handball that is governed by the International Handball Federation (IHF). China hosted the event from 5–20 December 2009. Russia successfully contested France in the final, their fourth title.
Fifth cabinet of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The fifth cabinet of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic governed the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) between December 22, 1919, and April 1, 1920. It was formed after the fourth cabinet of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic dissolved on December 22, 1919, and was led by Prime Minister of Azerbaijan Nasib Yusifbeyli with the following composition:

The sixth cabinet of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was in the process of being formed by Mammad Hasan Hajinski when the Red Army occupied Azerbaijan and power was passed to the Bolsheviks.

Mammad Hasan Hajinski
Mammad Hasan Jafargulu oglu Hajinski (Azerbaijani: Məmməd Həsən Cəfərqulu oğlu Hacınski; March 3, 1875 – February 9, 1931) was an Azerbaijani architect and statesman. He also served as a Minister for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) and the last Prime Minister of ADR.
SPAIR
SPAIR (short-scar periareolar inferior pedicle reduction) is a short-scar breast surgery technique developed by Dennis C. Hammond, assistant professor of surgery at Michigan State University. The  technique was designed to allow a better-shaped breast, a limited amount of scarring, and a more accelerated healing process, by eliminating the lateral scar beneath the breast found in conventional breast reduction surgery. The technique is considered to be a good alternative to vertical mammoplasty.

Short-scar refers to the smaller, shorter (when compared to conventional breast reduction methods), vertical-only scar. Periareolar refers to the cutting around the areola and running vertically down to the underside of the breast. Inferior Pedicle refers to leaving the nipple attached on the inside of the breast. (The inferior pedicle is the standard pedicle used in all breast reduction surgeries to preserve nipple function (breast feeding and sensitivity), not just SPAIR.)

Breast reduction
Reduction mammoplasty (also breast reduction and reduction mammaplasty) is the plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size of large breasts. In a breast reduction surgery for re-establishing a functional bust that is proportionate to the patient's body, the critical corrective consideration is the tissue viability of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), to ensure the functional sensitivity and lactational capability of the breasts. The indications for breast reduction surgery are three-fold – physical, aesthetic, and psychological – the restoration of the bust, of the patient's self-image, and of the patient's mental health.

In corrective practice, the surgical techniques and praxis for reduction mammoplasty also are applied to mastopexy (breast lift).
Madawaska Centre
Madawaska Centre was a provincial electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada. It was created in the 1973 electoral redistribution from the multi-member riding of Madawaska and abolished in the 1994 electoral redistribution.

Madawaska (provincial electoral district)
Madawaska was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  It was created from Victoria in 1874, and used a bloc voting system to elect candidates. It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, when the province moved to single-member ridings.
Giuseppe Zurlo
Giuseppe Zurlo, also called Giuseppe Zurolo (Baranello, 6 November 1757 – Naples, 10 November 1828), was an Italian jurist and politician.

He is a descendant of the noble Neapolitan Zurolo family, also known as Zurlo family.

1783 Calabrian earthquakes
Five strong earthquakes hit Calabria, a region of the Kingdom of Naples, in 1783. The first two produced significant tsunamis. The epicenters form a clear alignment extending nearly 100 km from the Straits of Messina to about 18 km SSW of Catanzaro. The epicenter of the first earthquake occurred in the plain of Palmi. The earthquakes occurred over a period of nearly two months, all with estimated magnitudes of 5.9 or greater. Estimates of the total number of deaths lie in the range 32,000 to 50,000.