hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grape treading
Grape-treading or grape-stomping is part of the method of maceration used in traditional wine-making. Rather than being crushed in a wine press or by another mechanized method, grapes are repeatedly trampled in vats by barefoot participants to release their juices and begin fermentation. Grape-treading was widespread in the history of winemaking, but with the introduction of industrial methods, it now survives mostly as a recreational or competitive activity at cultural festivals.

Fermentation in winemaking
The process of  fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at the start of the fermentation. The risk of stuck fermentation and the development of several wine faults can also occur during this stage, which can last anywhere from 5 to 14 days for primary fermentation and potentially another 5 to 10 days for a secondary fermentation. Fermentation may be done in stainless steel tanks, which is common with many white wines like Riesling, in an open wooden vat, inside a wine barrel and inside the wine bottle itself as in the production of many sparkling wines.
Tariccoia
Tariccoia is a genus of nektaspid arthropods belonging to the family Liwiidae, known from fossils found in Ordovician strata in Sardinia and Morocco. It is between 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in)  and 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long. It has a headshield (or cephalon) wider than the tailshield (pygidium), and in between them three (or four?) thoracic body segments (somites).

Nektaspida
Nektaspida (also called Naraoiida, Nektaspia and Nectaspida) is an extinct order of non-mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the lower-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the Trilobitomorpha within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families; Emucarididae, Liwiidae, and Naraoiidae.
KWLE
KWLE (1340 AM) is a radio station carries Punjabi music talk and news. Previously carry Adult contemporary music format. Licensed to Anacortes, Washington, United States, it serves the Skagit County, Washington area. The station is currently owned by New Age Media Ltd.

They also broadcast local Anacortes sporting events. It is mostly heard in the Skagit County area.

KWLE was formerly KLKI, playing standards similar to Seattle station KIXI.  The format change in December 2007 angered many loyal listeners, who complained that they no longer had a local outlet to hear "Standards".

The station is also simulcast on KRPA Oak Harbor, Washington.

Anacortes, Washington
Anacortes (/ˌænəˈkɔːrtəs/ AN-ə-KOR-təs) is a city in Skagit County, Washington, United States. The name "Anacortes" is an adaptation of the name of Anne Curtis Bowman, who was the wife of early Fidalgo Island settler Amos Bowman. Anacortes' population was 17,637 at the time of the 2020 census. It is one of two principal cities of and included in the Mount Vernon-Anacortes Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Anacortes is known for the Washington State Ferries dock and terminal serving Lopez Island, Shaw Island, Orcas Island, and San Juan Island. There is also a Skagit County-operated ferry that serves Guemes Island, a residential island located across Guemes Channel, north of Anacortes.
Chironia linoides
Chironia linoides, the Cape chiron, Cape centaury or Kaapse bitterwortel in Afrikaans, is a plant that is part of the genus Chironia. The species is endemic to South Africa and occurs in the Northern Cape and the Western Cape.

Chironia
Chironia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gentianaceae, native to southern Africa. It is named after Chiron, the centaur known for his use of medicinal plants, as number of Chironia species are used in traditional medicines.
Pieve Santo Stefano
Pieve Santo Stefano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located in the Valtiberina about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Arezzo.

Pieve Santo Stefano borders the following municipalities: Anghiari, Badia Tedalda, Caprese Michelangelo, Chiusi della Verna, Sansepolcro, Verghereto.

Sansepolcro
Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is a town and comune founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian Province of Arezzo in the eastern part of the region of Tuscany.

Situated on the upper reaches of the Tiber river, the town is the birthplace of the painters Piero della Francesca, Raffaellino del Colle (a pupil of Raphael), Matteo di Giovanni, Santi di Tito, and Angiolo Tricca.  It was also the birthplace of the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli, and of Matteo Cioni, who translated Piero della Francesca's treatise about perspective in painting (De prospectiva pingendi) into Latin.

Today, the economy of the town is based on agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food processing and pharmaceuticals. It is the home of Buitoni pasta, founded by Giulia Buitoni in 1827.
Staniša Mandić
Staniša Mandić (Serbian Cyrillic: Станиша Мандић; born 27 January 1995) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a striker for Arsenal Tivat.

He used to represent Serbia at Under-19 and Under-20 level, but at full international level, Mandić represented Montenegro in 2015, making 4 appearances.

2014–15 Serbian Cup
The 2014–15 Serbian Cup season was the ninth season of the Serbian national football tournament.

The competition started on 3 September 2014 and concluded with the final on 20 May 2015.

The winner of the competition, Čukarički, qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.
Motilimonas
Motilimonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and facultatively anaerobic genus of bacteria from the order Alteromonadales with one known species (Motilimonas eburnea). Motilimonas eburnea has been isolated from marine sediments from Weihai in China.

Alteromonadales
The Alteromonadales are an order of Pseudomonadota. Although they have been treated as a single family, the Alteromonadaceae, they were divided into eight by Ivanova et al. in 2004. The cells are straight or curved rods. They are motile by the use of a single flagellum. Most of the species are marine.
Fredenbeck (Samtgemeinde)
Fredenbeck is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Fredenbeck.

The Samtgemeinde Fredenbeck consists of the following municipalities:

Deinste

Fredenbeck

Kutenholz

53°31′01″N 9°22′59″E﻿ / ﻿53.517°N 9.383°E﻿ / 53.517; 9.383

Samtgemeinde
A Samtgemeinde (German pronunciation: ['zamtgəˌmaɪndə] ⓘ, lit. 'collective municipality'; plural: Samtgemeinden) is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. Samtgemeinden are local government associations of municipalities, equivalent to the Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg, and the Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate.
Nipigon Embayment
The Nipigon Embayment is an inactive continental rift zone in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, centered on Lake Nipigon. It represents an aulacogen of the much larger Midcontinent Rift System, which formed some 1,100 million years ago when the North American craton began to split apart during the Proterozoic eon.

Aulacogen
An aulacogen is a failed arm of a triple junction. Aulacogens are a part of plate tectonics where oceanic and continental crust is continuously being created, destroyed, and rearranged on the Earth’s surface. Rift zones are places where new crust is formed. An aulacogen is a rift zone that is no longer active.
White Moth Black Butterfly
White Moth Black Butterfly is a British/Indian/American cross-continental progressive pop project with members from Nottinghamshire, UK, New Delhi, India, and Salt Lake City, Utah, US. The group consists of TesseracT lead singer Daniel Tompkins, Skyharbor guitarist Keshav Dhar, as well as Randy Slaugh (keyboards/orchestrations), Jordan Bethany (vocals), and Mac Christensen (production and drums).

Kscope
Kscope is an independent record label that is part of Snapper Music, and a sister-label of Peaceville. It is dedicated to artists in the progressive rock genre. The label has released albums by Steven Wilson and his projects Porcupine Tree (mostly re-issue only), No-Man and Blackfield. In 2008 it branched out and has since signed the post-progressive artists Anathema, Lunatic Soul and Ulver, and progressive rock stalwart Ian Anderson to their roster. In 2013, the Steven Wilson release The Raven That Refused to Sing (and Other Stories) received the Album of the Year award at the Progressive Music Awards.
All-Time Greatest Hits (Wynonna Judd album)
All-Time Greatest Hits is the title of the fourth compilation album released by the American country music artist Wynonna Judd. It was released on August 10, 2018 via digital download and on streaming platforms. No physical version was released.

The compilation reprises twenty tracks from her studio albums: her 1992 self-titled debut, 1993's Tell Me Why, 1996's Revelations, 1997's The Other Side, 2003's What The World Needs Now Is Love, and her 2009 covers album Sing: Chapter 1. In addition, "I Can Only Imagine", recorded live at the Ryman Auditorium, from her 2005 live album Her Story: Scenes from a Lifetime is included, along with the track "Jesus and a Jukebox" from 2016's Wynonna & the Big Noise.

The album also includes two duets previously unavailable on a Wynonna release; her duet A Bad Goodbye with Clint Black, and her Christmas single with Kenny Rogers, "Mary, Did You Know?".

No songs were included from Wynonna's fifth studio album New Day Dawning.

Her Story: Scenes from a Lifetime
Her Story: Scenes from a Lifetime is a two-disc live compilation album released in 2005 by American country music artist Wynonna Judd. The album was recorded live at the Grand Ole Opry house on February 1, 2005. It features a mix of Wynonna's solo songs, songs that she originally recorded as one-half of The Judds, and some other cover songs. Also included is a bonus studio track, "Attitude", which was released as a single and peaked at No. 40 on the Hot Country Songs chart in late 2005. A DVD of this same concert was also released.
Clan Watson
Clan Watson is a Scottish clan that is recognised as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The clan does not currently have a chief recognised by the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The name Watson is derived from Watt, a diminutive form of the personal name Walter, with the addition of the patronymic suffix " -son". The name Watson is believed to have been introduced to Scotland in the early 11th century, during the reign of Edward the Confessor. However, being wide spread and patronymic, has no single origin.

According to the National Records of Scotland in 2021, Watson is the 19th most common surname in Scotland.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Shimura Ichirizuka
The Shimura Ichirizuka  (志村一里塚)  is a historic Japanese distance marker akin to a milestone, comprising a pair of earthen mounds located in what is now Itabashi, Tokyo in the Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1922, with the designation expanded in 1935.

Itabashi
Itabashi (板橋区, Itabashi-ku; Japanese pronunciation: [i.taꜜ.ba.ɕi, -ta.ba.ɕi̥ꜜ.kɯ, -baꜜ.ɕi̥.kɯ]) is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. In English, it is called Itabashi City. Itabashi has sister-city relations with Burlington, Ontario, in Canada; Shijingshan District of Beijing in the People's Republic of China; and Bologna in Italy.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 547,270, and a population density of 16,990 persons per km2. The total area is 32.22 km2.
Cross-Strait Economic Zone
Cross-Strait Economic Zone (simplified Chinese: 海峡经济区; traditional Chinese: 海峽經濟區; pinyin: hǎixiá jīngjì qū) is a proposed economic zone by the People's Republic of China which includes economic linkages between the three coastal provinces of mainland China and Taiwan. This includes coastal cities along Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang provinces such as Xiamen, Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Wenzhou and Shantou. In Taiwan, this would include Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. The proposed zone aims to increase economic ties between Taiwan and mainland China.

The ROC positions this Cross-Strait Economic Zone as an implementation of the proposed Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (EFCA) between Taiwan and mainland China.

Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) is a free trade agreement (FTA) between the governments of the People's Republic of China (mainland China, PRC, commonly "China") and the Republic of China (ROC, commonly "Taiwan"), that aims to reduce tariffs and commercial barriers as well as improve cross-strait relations.

The pact was signed on June 29, 2010, in Chongqing, and was seen as the most significant agreement since the two sides split after the Chinese Civil War in 1949, since neither government recognize the other as being the sole government of China. It was expected to boost the then current US$197.28 billion bilateral trade between both sides. In May 2024, following the inauguration of Lai Ching-te, the PRC suspended preferential tariff arrangements on 134 items under the ECFA.
Imambara Zadibal
Imambara Zadibal also known as Imambara Qadeem, is one of the oldest and most prominent Husayniyya in the Kashmir Valley. It was originally constructed in 1518 CE by Kaji Chak, a minister during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Shah. The Imambara holds a central place in the observance of Muharram in Kashmir, serving as the focal point for mourning processions and majalis. It is located in the Zadibal area of Srinagar, to the west side of Hari Parbat fort.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Emma Kammacher
Emma Kammacher (14 May 1904 – 15 April 1981) was a Swiss human rights lawyer, activist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and served as a member of the Grand Council of Geneva.  In 1965 she became the first woman to serve as president of a Swiss cantonal council.

Women's suffrage in Switzerland
Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. The first federal vote in which women were able to participate was the 31 October 1971 election of the Federal Assembly. However it was not until a 1990 decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland that women gained full voting rights in the final Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden.

An earlier referendum on women's suffrage was held on 1 February 1959 and was rejected by the majority (67%) of Switzerland's men. Despite this, in some French-speaking cantons women obtained the right to vote in cantonal referendums. The first Swiss woman to hold political office, Trudy Späth-Schweizer, was elected to the municipal government of Riehen in 1958.
2014 Oceania Athletics Championships
The 2014 Oceania Athletics Championships were held at the BCI Stadium in Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, between June 24–26, 2014.  The event was held jointly with the 2014 Oceania Junior Athletics Championships, and there were also exhibition events for masters, and athletes with a disability (parasports).  Detailed reports on a day by day basis were given.

In the senior category, a total of 39 events were contested, 19 by men, 19 by women and 1 mixed medley relay.

Avarua Tereora Stadium
The Tereora Stadium also known as the National Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Avarua, Cook Islands.  It is currently used mostly for rugby and football matches.  The stadium holds 5,000 people and was originally built in 1984/85. The stadium was upgraded in early 1986 so it could host both the 1986 Pacific Games and the rugby league 1986 Pacific Cup. The Stadium is managed by the National Stadium Trust Board made up of individuals from CISNOC, the Private Sector and Government. The Stadium Trust Board employs a full-time manager, Mr Rae Dyer. It is the home stadium for the Cook Islands national football team and the Cook Islands national rugby league team.
BÏF§ZF+18
BÏF§ZF+18 Simultaneità e Chimismi lirici (BÏF§ZF+18. Simultaneity and Lyrical Chemistry) is a poetry book and artist's book published in 1915 by the Italian futurist Ardengo Soffici. Despite its rarity, the book has become famous as one of the finest examples of futurist 'words-in-freedom', and has been described as 'absolutely the most important book that came out of Florentine Futurism'.

Originally printed in an edition of 300, the original book became even scarcer when the River Arno flooded in 1966, destroying many of the remaining copies.

'Of the futurist poets, Ardengo Soffici (1879–1965) produced some of the best experimental verse of the time. Painter, art and literary critic, Soffici was an active mediator between Italy and the French avant-garde.... BÏF§ZF+18 Simultaneità e Chimismi lirici, his collection of Futurist poems, is a collage of visual and auditory impressions that combine memory and sensation to give the effect of poetry in motion.' Peter Brand & Lino Pertile

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
Deaf peddlers
Deaf peddlers are Deaf people who sell to the wider public manual alphabet cards, keychains, nail clippers, pencils and pens, national flags, or receipts in various amounts, which they have printed themselves. In this peddling, the sellers claim that they are deaf, to manipulate or put pressure on the buyer. Some "Deaf" peddlers fake their deafness in order to trick people.

Deafness
Deafness has varying definitions in cultural and medical contexts. In medical contexts, the meaning of deafness is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition. In this context it is written with a lower case d. It later came to be used in a cultural context to refer to those who primarily communicate with a deafness aid or through sign language regardless of hearing ability, often capitalized as Deaf and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. The two definitions overlap but are not identical, as hearing loss includes cases that are not severe enough to impact spoken language comprehension, while cultural Deafness includes hearing people who use sign language, such as children of deaf adults.
James E. B. Baillie
James Evan Bruce Baillie, MVO, JP, DL (1859 – 6 May 1931) was Unionist MP for Inverness-shire. He was elected at a by-election in 1895, was re-elected in the general election later that year, but stood down in 1900

Baillie was the son of Evan Peter Montagu Baillie and Lady Frances Anna Bruce, daughter of the 7th Earl of Elgin. He married in 1894 The Hon. Nellie Lisa Bass, later 2nd Baroness Burton suo jure, daughter of the brewer Michael Bass, 1st Baron Burton. They had two sons. His grandson was Michael Baillie, 3rd Baron Burton.

Baillie was major and honorary colonel of the Inverness-shire Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force), having previously been a captain in the 3rd Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers. He owned 92,000 acres.

Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin
Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine, PC, FSA Scot (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ ELG-in; 20 July 1766 – 14 November 1841), often known as Lord Elgin, was a Scottish nobleman, diplomat, and collector, known primarily for the controversial procurement of marble sculptures (known as the Elgin Marbles) from the Parthenon and other structures on the Acropolis of Athens.
2012 Democratic Party (HK) leadership election
The Democratic Party leadership election was held on 16 December 2012 for the 30-member 10th Central Committee of the Democratic Party in Hong Kong, including chairman and two vice-chairman posts. The incumbent acting Chairwomen Emily Lau defeated Vice-Chairman Sin Chung-kai by a narrow margin, becoming the first Chairwoman of the party. 300 party members voted in the election.

Richard Tsoi
Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong (Chinese: 蔡耀昌; born 11 September 1967) is a Hong Kong politician and the former vice-chairman of the Democratic Party. He ran for many Legislative Council and District Council elections and was elected as Sha Tin District Councillor in 2003. On March 5, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tsoi resigned from duties after joint petition from colleagues against his criticism of local restaurants being discriminatory towards Mainland Chinese.

Tsoi has been active in many pressure groups and protests of the pro-democracy camp.

On 18 April 2020, Tsoi was arrested as one of 15 Hong Kong high-profile democracy figures, on suspicion of organizing, publicizing or taking part in several unauthorized assemblies between August and October 2019 in the course of the anti-extradition bill protests. Following protocol, the police statement did not disclose the names of the accused.
Nike Summer League
The Nike Summer League is a defunct pre-season collegiate basketball tournament in the Philippines sponsored by Nike. Its first season started in 2006. The tournament was last held in 2009. Games were telecast on TV by Studio 23.

Philippine Christian University
The Philippine Christian University (PCU) is a private, Protestant, and coeducational basic and higher education institution located in Ermita, Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1946 through the initiatives of the laymen of the Evangelical Association of the Philippines. Originally named as Manila Union University, it was renamed as Philippine Christian College (PCC). In 1976, the PCC acquired university status.

PCU is one of the two major mainline protestant universities at the heart of Metro Manila. The other is Trinity University of Asia (founded under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church). It is also a member institution of Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities (ACSCU).

The university maintains a satellite campus in Iloilo City through a partnership with the St. Roberts International Academy.