hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009–10 in French football
The 2009–10 season was the 77th season of competitive professional football in France.

The season began on 7 August 2009 for the Championnat National and Ligue 2 and on 8 August for Ligue 1 and the Championnat de France amateur. The season concluded on 14 May 2010 for Ligue 2, 15 May for Ligue 1, and 21 May for the Championnat National and the Championnat de France amateur.

Calais RUFC
Calais Racing Union FC (Calais RUFC) was a French football club based in Calais, France.

Calais RUFC was founded in 1974 after a merger of two local clubs and, as an amateur club, reached the 2000 Coupe de France Final which it lost to top-flight Nantes. The club played at the 12,342-seater Stade de l'Épopée. Calais Racing Union was liquidated in September 2017.
Master of the Blue Crucifixes
The Master of the Blue Crucifixes was an Italian artist active either in the region of Umbria or Emilia during the middle of the thirteenth century.  He is associated with the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi, and may have been an assistant of Giunta Pisano, whose work his paintings resemble.  A number of his works survive, mainly processional crucifixes from which, along with his favoring of blue paint as a background, his name is derived.

Notname
In art history, a Notname (German: [ˈnoːtˌnaːmə] ⓘ, "name of necessity" or "contingency name") is an invented name given to an artist whose identity has been lost. The practice arose from the need to give such artists and their typically untitled or generically titled works an acceptable if unsatisfactory grouping to avoid confusion when cataloging.

The phrases provisional name, name of convenience, and emergency names are sometimes used to describe anonymous masters. Nonce name was at one time used.
2023 Tiburon Challenger
The 2023 Tiburon Challenger presented by Raymond James Financial was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 15th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tiburon, United States between October 2 and October 8, 2023.

Tiburon Challenger
The Tiburon Challenger presented by Raymond James is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It has been held annually at the Tiburon Peninsula Club in Tiburon, California, United States, since 2003.
2018 in paleoichthyology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil fish described in 2018 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fish, bony fish, and other fish of every kind described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology occurring in 2018.

Percomorpha
Percomorpha (from Latin  perca 'perch' and Ancient Greek  μορφή (morphḗ) 'shape, appearance') is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish) known from both marine and freshwater ecosystems, it is the most speciose clade of extant vertebrates.
Michel Lasne
Michel Lasne (Caen, ca. 1590–4 December 1667, Paris), was a French engraver, draughtsman and collector.

Lasne was born in Caen and was the son of a goldsmith. He was a member of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp for 1617–18, and probably worked under the direction of Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck. At that time he made an engraving of Rubens's now-lost Susanna and the Elders, which contains a dedication from Rubens to the Dutch humanist Anna Roemers Visscher. Lasne was in Paris by 1621, and in 1633 he became the official engraver for King Louis XIII. In France, Lasne engraved a number of portraits. There are at least 759 prints by Lasne, including 13 portraits of King Louis XIII and 10 of his wife, Anne of Austria. He made reproductive engravings after the French painters Philippe de Champaigne, Daniel Dumonstier, Simon Vouet, and Charles Le Brun; the Italian painters Paolo Veronese, Francesco Albani, and Titian; and the Spanish painter Jusepe de Ribera.

Daniel Dumonstier
Daniel Dumonstier (14 May 1574 – 22 June 1646) was a French artist, nicknamed as the best artist in crayons in Europe of his time but now little known. His father Cosme Dumonstier (Daniel was born illegitimate but was later legitimised), his uncle Pierre Dumonstier I and his cousin Pierre Dumonstier II were all also artists. He drew portraits of the major figures of 17th century France, but it is unknown if he limited himself to drawing or also painted.

An exhibition of all the 30 works by him held at Chantilly and important pieces from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Louvre was organised at musée Condé at Chantilly from 15 March 2006 to 15 June 2006 when Editions Arthéna published a thesis by Daniel Lecoeur on him.
Gustavo Manduca
Gustavo Manduca (born 8 June 1980) is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a forward or an attacking midfielder. Later, he worked briefly as a manager.

He also held an Italian passport, and played professionally in five countries, mainly in Portugal – where he represented six teams in seven years, including a very brief spell with Benfica. He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 91 games and 15 goals over three seasons.

Manduca signed with APOEL in 2010 from AEK Athens, remaining with the former club until his retirement and winning eight major titles.

2014–15 Cypriot First Division
The 2014–15 Cypriot First Division was the 76th season of the Cypriot top-level football league. It began on 23 August 2014 and ended on 24 May 2015. APOEL were the defending champions.

The league this edition was reduced from 14 to 12 teams: ten teams from the 2013–14 season and two promoted teams from the 2013–14 B1 Division. APOEL won the league for a 24th successive time and a third consecutive season, after 62 points.
Majengo, Tanga City Council
Majengo (Kata ya Majengo,  in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Central encircles the ward on its northern side. Ngamiani Kaskazini, Ngamiani Kati, and Ngamiani Kusini are to the east. The ward of Mwanzange is to the south. Chumbageni and Nguvumali are to the west. The ward covers an area of 0.9 km2 (0.35 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 17 m (56 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,482.

Mwanzange
Mwanzange (Kata ya Mwanzange , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward's northern boundaries are formed by Nguvumali and Chumbageni. Majengo and Msambweni border the ward on its eastern side. Duga ward and Tangasisi are to the south. Maweni is in the west. Tanga Airport is located entirely within Mwanzage's borders. The ward covers an area of 7.6 km2 (2.9 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 21 m (69 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 7,521.
2001 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2001 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix was the 8th Summer Grand Prix season in ski jumping on plastic. Season began on 11 August 2001 in Hinterzarten, Germany and ended on 9 September 2001 in Hakuba, Japan.

FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix is a summer circuit yearly arranged by International Ski Federation. This competition for men was first arranged in 1994 and for the first time for women in 2012. The competition is held on ski jumps with artificial surfaces. There are about 10 competitions per season, held in the months between July and October. Regular venues for the competition are Courchevel, Hakuba, Einsiedeln, Wisła, Hinterzarten and Klingenthal. First official mixed team event with four jumpers (two men and two women) was organized in 2012. The most successful participants are Adam Małysz and Thomas Morgenstern, each having won the Grand Prix three times.

A similar level of competition held in winter is the World Cup; the lower circuits include the Continental Cup, the FIS Cup, the FIS Race and the Alpen Cup.
Band of the Ceremonial Guard
The Band of the Ceremonial Guard (La Musique de la Garde de cérémonie) is an ad hoc military band that is attached to the Canadian Forces Ceremonial Guard in Ottawa. All members of the band are fully trained members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and consist of personnel principally from two Foot Guard regiments (the Governor General's Foot Guards from Ottawa and the Canadian Grenadier Guards from Montreal). Since 2007, the band has been composed of a pan–Canadian Force that is inclusive to musicians from the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force. The band forms a separate company within the CG and relies on the Headquarters Company for administration and support personnel. In full composition, the band is active from April to August.

The Maple Leaf Forever
"The Maple Leaf Forever" is a Canadian patriotic song written by Alexander Muir in 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation. He wrote the work after serving with the Queen's Own Rifles of Toronto in defence of Canada against Fenian invaders in the 1866 Battle of Ridgeway.
Gmina Rewal
Gmina Rewal is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Rewal, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Gryfice and 80 km (50 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 41.13 square kilometres (15.9 sq mi), and as of December 2022 the population is 3558

Gryfice County
Gryfice County (Polish: powiat gryficki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gryfice, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Trzebiatów, lying 17 km (11 mi) north of Gryfice, and Płoty, 13 km (8 mi) south of Gryfice.

The county covers an area of 1,018.19 square kilometres (393.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 60,773, out of which the population of Gryfice is 16,702, that of Trzebiatów is 10,113, that of Płoty is 4,142, and the rural population is 29,816.
Forever the Tourist
Forever the Tourist is a studio album by Daryl Braithwaite released in October 2013. It was his first album of original material since Snapshot in 2005. It was released through Sony Music Australia who had re-signed Braithwaite after releasing the multi-platinum albums Edge (1988) and Rise (1990).
He promoted the album was a number of concerts throughout October 2013.

Rise (Daryl Braithwaite album)
Rise is an album by Daryl Braithwaite released in November 1990. The album reached No. 3 on the Australian ARIA Charts. It was the best-selling album in Australia in 1991.
The album sold over 300,000 copies in Australia.

Braithwaite was nominated for Best Male Artist at the ARIA Music Awards of 1991 for Rise, but lost to Chain Reaction by John Farnham.

Braithwaite commenced a national tour on 26 December 1990 in Warrnambool.

Although this album was not officially released in the U.S., it includes what would become Braithwaite's biggest stateside hit, "Higher Than Hope", which reached number 47 on the Billboard Hot 100. The tune appeared as the title track for a compilation album, Higher Than Hope, which was released to the American market in 1991.

The album was certified 4× platinum in Australia in 2016. It was written based on his travel to China as a tourist in 1989.
Alpha-enolase
Enolase 1 (ENO1), more commonly known as alpha-enolase, is a glycolytic enzyme expressed in most tissues, one of the isozymes of enolase. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase, in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy.

Isozyme
In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes or isoforms) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.  Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or are regulated differently.  They permit the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage.

In many cases, isozymes are encoded by homologous genes that have diverged over time.  Strictly speaking, enzymes with different amino acid sequences that catalyse the same reaction are isozymes if encoded by different genes, or allozymes if encoded by different alleles of the same gene; the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Commercial software
Commercial software, or, seldom, payware, is a computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial purposes. Commercial software can be proprietary software or free and open-source software.

Retail software
Retail software is computer software, typically installed on PC-type computers post 2005, delivered via the Internet (also known as cloud-based). Traditionally this software was delivered via physical data storage media sold to end consumer but very few companies still provide their software using physical media. The software is typically sold under restricted licenses (e.g. EULAs) or in the case of cloud-based software sold as a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model.
Marko Podraščanin
Marko Podraščanin (Serbian: Марко Подрашчанин, born 29 August 1987) is a Serbian professional volleyball player, member of the Serbia men's national volleyball team and Italian club Itas Trentino, participant of the Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Paris 2024), bronze medallist at the 2010 World Championship, 2011 European Champion, 2019 European Champion, gold medallist at the 2016 World League.

Umbria Volley Perugia
Umbria Volley Perugia, known as Sir Safety Umbria Volley Perugia due to sponsorship from Sir Safety System, is a professional Italian volleyball club based in Perugia. It plays in the highest level of the Italian Volleyball League. In the Italian Volleyball League, the team is known as Sir Safety Susa Perugia, while in the international competitions the official name is Sir Sicoma Monini Perugia. They laureated world champions three times in the history, including last time at 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.
Simp
Simp (/sɪmp/ ⓘ) is an internet slang term describing someone who exhibits excessive sympathy and attention toward another person, typically to someone who does not reciprocate the same feelings, in pursuit of affection or a sexual relationship.  This behavior, recognized as simping, is directed towards a variety of targets, including celebrities, politicians, e-girls, and e-boys. The term had sporadic usage until gaining popularity on social media in 2019.

Internet slang
Internet slang (also known as Internet shorthand, cyber-slang, netspeak, or digispeak) is a non-standard or unofficial form of language used by people on the Internet to communicate to one another. A popular example of Internet slang is "lol", meaning "laughing out loud". Since Internet slang is constantly changing, it is difficult to provide a standardized definition. However, it can be understood to be any type of slang that Internet users have popularized, and in many cases, have coined. Such terms often originate with the purpose of saving keystrokes or to compensate for character limit restrictions. Many people use the same abbreviations in texting, instant messaging, and social networking websites. Acronyms, keyboard symbols, and abbreviations are common types of Internet slang. New dialects of slang, such as leet or lolspeak, develop as ingroup Internet memes rather than time savers. Many people also use Internet slang in face-to-face, real life communication.
Calcidius
Calcidius (or Chalcidius) was a 4th-century philosopher who translated the first part (to 53c) of Plato's Timaeus from Greek into Latin around the year 321 and provided with it an extensive commentary.  This was likely done for Bishop Hosius of Córdoba.  Very little is otherwise known of him.

His translation of the Timaeus was the only extensive text of Plato known to scholars in the Latin West for approximately 800 years. His commentary also contained useful accounts of Greek astronomical knowledge. In the 12th century commentaries on this work were written by Christian scholars including Hisdosus and philosophers of the Chartres School, such as Thierry of Chartres and William of Conches. Interpreting it in the light of the Christian faith, the academics in the School of Chartres understood the dialogue to refer to creatio ex nihilo.

William of Conches
William of Conches (Latin: Gulielmus de Conchis; French: Guillaume de Conches; c. 1090 – c. 1154), historically sometimes anglicized as William Shelley, was a medieval Norman-French scholastic philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of classical literature and fostering empirical science. He was a prominent Chartrain (member of the School of Chartres). John of Salisbury, a bishop of Chartres and former student of William's, refers to William as the most talented grammarian of the time, after his former teacher Bernard of Chartres.
Mute Records discography
The following is a list of items with recorded Mute Records catalogue numbers, starting with label founder Daniel Miller's single as The Normal.

The discography is broken down by singles with a Mute catalogue number and albums with a Stumm catalogue number. Best of collections feature a Mutel catalogue number.

Through the years, various bands have been awarded their own personalised catalogue numbers, including Yazoo, Inspiral Carpets (through the purchase of the Cow Records imprint) and Depeche Mode, the most prolific of the three for the label. Depeche Mode's singles, starting with "Leave in Silence", were issued with a Bong catalogue number.

Mute Records
Mute Records is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Einstürzende Neubauten, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Arca, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Laibach, Nitzer Ebb, Yann Tiersen, Wire, Yeasayer, Fever Ray, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.
Anke Ehlers
Anke Ehlers FBA FMedSci (born 11 January 1957) is a German psychologist and expert in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). She is a Fellow of the major science academies of the UK and Germany.

Ehlers currently works at the University of Oxford as Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and Professor of Experimental Psychopathology.

Along with her husband David M. Clark, she developed a cognitive model for PTSD. Therapies based on this model are recommended for treating PTSD by the American Psychological Association.  Ehlers's research has revealed that PTSD is a common issue among emergency medical workers, and that a commonly used therapy for PTSD, psychological debriefing, has little proven therapeutic value.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a
The Minoan wall paintings at Tell el-Dab'a are of particular interest to Egyptologists and archaeologists. They are of Minoan style, content, and technology, but there is uncertainty over the ethnic identity of the artists. The paintings depict images of bull-leaping, bull-grappling, griffins, and hunts. They were discovered by a team of archaeologists led by Manfred Bietak, in the palace district of the Thutmosid period at Tell el-Dab'a. The frescoes date to the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, most likely during the reigns of either the pharaohs Hatshepsut (reigned c. 1479 – 1458 BCE) or Thutmose III (reigned 1479 – 1425 BCE), after being previously considered to belong to the late Second Intermediate Period. The paintings indicate an involvement of Egypt in international relations and cultural exchanges with the Eastern Mediterranean either through marriage or exchange of gifts.

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty: 156  for the four pharaohs named Thutmose.

Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun (c. 1341 BC – c. 1323 BC). Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the "heretic pharaoh", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti.

The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among indigenous Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant women who ruled as pharaohs: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti.
Australian Organ Donor Register
The Australian Organ Donor Register (AODR) is a government register, recording individuals who have agreed to donate organs and tissues in the event of their death. The register is operated by the Organ and Tissue Authority (OTA) and Services Australia through Medicare.

Consent
Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, with specific definitions used in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual consent. Consent as understood in specific contexts may differ from its everyday meaning. For example, a person with a mental disorder, a low mental age, or under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act that still fails to meet the legal threshold for consent as defined by applicable law.

United Nations agencies and initiatives in sex education programs believe that teaching the topic of consent as part of a comprehensive sexuality education is beneficial. Types of consent include implied consent, express consent, informed consent and unanimous consent.
Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
The Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests is a Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion in southwestern Europe. It occupies the Mediterranean coastal region of northeastern Spain, Southern France, the Balearic Islands and a small part of Italy.

Stone pine
The Italian stone pine, botanical name Pinus pinea, also known as the Mediterranean stone pine is a tree from the pine family, Pinaceae. The tree is native to the Mediterranean region, occurring in Southern Europe and the Levant. The species was introduced into North Africa millennia ago, and is also naturalized in the Canary Islands, South Africa and New South Wales.

Stone pines have been used and cultivated for their edible pine nuts since prehistoric times. They are widespread in horticultural cultivation as ornamental trees, planted in gardens and parks around the world. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.