hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian school of swordsmanship
The term Italian school of swordsmanship is used to describe the Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise (1409) to the days of classical fencing (up to the modern day).

Although the weapons and the reason for their use changed dramatically throughout these five centuries, a few fundamental traits have remained constant in the Italian school. Some of these are the preference for certain guards, the preoccupation with time (or "tempo") in fencing as well as many of the defensive actions.

The Dardi school of fencing with the spada da lato was one of the influences of the early modern style of fencing.

Ridolfo Capo Ferro
Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli (Ridolfo Capoferro, Rodulphus Capoferrus) was an Italian fencing master in the city of Siena, best known for his rapier fencing treatise published in 1610.

He seems to have been born in the town of Cagli in the Duchy of Urbino (nowadays Province of Pesaro e Urbino), but was active as a fencing master in Siena, Tuscany. Little else is known about his life, though the dedication to Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, the young son of Duke Francesco Maria II della Rovere, may indicate that he was associated with the court at Urbino in some capacity. The statement at the beginning of Capo Ferro's treatise describing him as a "master of the great German nation" likely signifies that he was faculty at the University of Siena, either holding a position analogous to dean of all German students, or perhaps merely the fencing master who taught the German students.
Tamayori-hime (mother of Jimmu)
Tamayori-hime is a goddess in Japanese mythology. Her name is spelled as 玉依毘売命 in the Kojiki and 玉依姫 in the Nihon Shoki.

Tamayori-hime is the daughter of the sea-dragon god Watatsumi and the younger sister of Toyotama-hime. When Toyotama-hime abandoned her husband Hoori, she sent Tamayori-hime to care for their son Ugayafukiaezu, although in the Nihon Shoki version of the legend, Tamayori-hime accompanies her sister to the human world when she was about to give birth.  When the child grew up, he married his aunt, who bore him four children, the youngest of which became Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan.

Jimmu's Eastern Expedition
Jimmu's Eastern Expedition (神武東征, Jinmu tōsei) refers to a series of legends in which Emperor Jimmu became the first emperor of Japan, after defeating Nagasunehiko, who had ruled the Nara Basin and its surrounding area, after leaving Hyuga Province. According to the traditional dating system adopted in late 19th century, this expedition took place in 663 BC.
Monkstown Football Club
Monkstown Football Club is an Irish rugby union senior club based in Dublin 4. As of the 2024–25 season, it plays in Division 2C of the All-Ireland League.

In addition to the First XV, they also have Second (J1), Third (J2) and Fourth (J3) XV's, a mini rugby section and a Golden Oldies team.

Leinster League
The Leinster League is the second tier of rugby in Leinster, behind the Leinster Senior League. It has five divisions.

The winner of Division 1A qualifies for a round-robin tournament with the champions of the other three provincial junior leagues for one of two promotion places to the All-Ireland League.
Timrat
Timrat (Hebrew: תִּמְרַת, lit. 'Date') is a community settlement in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee near Nahalal, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,291.

Nahalal
Nahalal (Hebrew: נַהֲלָל) is a moshav in northern Israel. Covering 8.5 square kilometers (3.3 sq mi), it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,351.

Nahalal is best known for its general layout, as designed by Richard Kauffmann: slightly oval round, similar to a spoke wheel, with its public buildings at the "hub" and individual plots of agricultural land radiating from it like spokes with symmetrically placed roads creating eight equal sectors, an inner ring of residential buildings, and an outer ring road.
Austrian colonial policy
From the 17th century through to the 19th century, the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire, and (from 1867 to 1918) the Austro-Hungarian Empire made a few small short-lived attempts to expand overseas colonial trade through the acquisition of factories.
In 1519–1556 Austria's ruler also ruled Spain, which did have a large colonial empire.

The colonial domains of the dual monarchy Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918, are covered in Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keeping it under control was a major factor in Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I in 1914. All the other small attempts were ended due to international pressure, or lack of interest from the Imperial government and opposition from Hungarians high in the government.

Penal colony
A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority.

Historically, penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm.
2021 Meeting de Paris
The 2021 Meeting de Paris was the 26th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Paris, France. Held on 28 August at the Stade Sébastien Charléty, it was the tenth leg of the 2021 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit. This was the second time the meeting was held on the stadium's renovated blue running track.

The meeting was highlighted by comeback wins from Olympic champions Armand Duplantis, Elaine Thompson-Herah and Hansle Parchment after losses in Lausanne earlier. Additionally, Francine Niyonsaba ran the #5 all-time mark in the 3000 metres of 8:19.08.

2021 Athletissima
The 2021 Athletissima was the 45th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was held on the 25th and 26 August 2021 at the Stade Olympique de la Pontaise. The men's high jump event was held on the 25th of August in the city centre of Lausanne. 30 events were contested in total with 14 events being point-scoring Diamond League disciplines.
Eflatun Pınar
Eflatun Pınar (Turkish: Eflatunpınar, transl. Plato's Spring) is the name given to a spring, which rises up from the ground, and the stone-built pool monument built at the time of the Hittite Empire. The spring lies inside the Lake Beyşehir National Park, 85 km (53 mi) west of Konya, and drains into Lake Beyşehir in central Anatolia at ancient Pisidia region. During the Late Bronze Age, a sacred pool monument was built here in trachyte ashlar masonry dedicated to the sacred spring cult of ancient Hittites. The site has been identified with the "spring pool of Arimatta" mentioned in a treaty between Hittite King Tudhaliya IV and King Kurunta of Tarhuntassa, which is preserved on a bronze tablet found at Hattusa. The monument was interpreted as a shrine to Plato during the medieval (Seljuk) period.

Hattusa
Hattusa, also Hattuşa, Ḫattuša, Hattusas, or Hattusha, was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age during two distinct periods. Its ruins lie near modern Boğazkale, Turkey (originally Boğazköy) within the great loop of the Kızılırmak River (Hittite: Marashantiya; Greek: Halys).

French archeologist Charles Texier brought attention to the ruins after his visit in 1834. Over the following century, sporadic exploration occurred, involving different archaeologists. The German Oriental Society and the German Archaeological Institute began systematic excavations in the early 20th century, which continue to this day. Hattusa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1986.
Nina Davuluri
Nina Davuluri (born April 20, 1989) is an American public speaker, advocate, and beauty queen who hosts the reality show Made in America on Zee TV America from Manhattan.

As Miss America 2014, she became the first Indian American contestant to win both the Miss New York followed by the Miss America Competition. She is also the second Asian American to be crowned Miss America.

Hikaru Sulu
Hikaru Sulu is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. A member of the crew in the original Star Trek series, Sulu also appears in the animated Star Trek series, in the first six Star Trek movies, in one episode of Star Trek: Voyager, and in several books, comics, and video games. Originally known simply as "Sulu", his first name, "Hikaru", appeared in a 1981 novel well over a decade after the original series had ended.

Sulu was portrayed by George Takei in the original Star Trek series. John Cho took over the role of the character in the 2009 film Star Trek and its sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond. Kai Murakami will portray Sulu in the 5th season of Star Trek: Strange New Worlds.
Grevemberg House
The Grevemberg House is a historic mansion in Franklin, Louisiana, U.S.. It was built in 1851, a decade prior to the American Civil War. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 6, 1980.

The house is located in Franklin's City Park, on Sterling Road.  It was moved to this location.

Franklin, Louisiana
Franklin is a small city in and the parish seat of St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 6,229 as of 2024.   The city is located on Bayou Teche, southeast of the cities of Lafayette, 47 miles (76 km) and New Iberia, 28 miles (45 km), and 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Morgan City. It is part of the Morgan City Micropolitan Statistical Area and the larger Lafayette-Acadiana combined statistical area.
Archangels in Black
Archangels in Black is the fourth studio album by French progressive metal band Adagio. According to their website, the mastering of Archangels in Black was completed on 3 September 2008. After numerous delays, the album was officially released on 2 February 2009 in Europe. The band stated that "the compositions are the ultimate balance between melodic and extreme metal and can be considered as a more brutal version of Underworld". Archangels in Black is Adagio's first and only album to include Christian Palin on vocals, but the backing vocals were sung by Gustavo Monsanto, Adagio's former vocalist who sang on Dominate.

Dominate (album)
Dominate is the third album by French progressive metal band Adagio. It was produced by Stéphan Forté and Kevin Codfert and mixed at House of Audio Studios in Germany by Dennis Ward.  It is the first and only Adagio album to feature Gus Monsanto on vocals.
John Peel (writer)
John Peel (born 1954) is a British writer, best known for his TV series tie-in novels and novelisations. He has written under several pseudonyms, including "John Vincent" and "Nicholas Adams". He lives in Long Island, New York. While his wife is a US citizen, Peel continues to travel under a British passport.

Virgin Missing Adventures
The Virgin Missing Adventures were a series of novels from Virgin Publishing based on the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who, which had been cancelled in 1989, featuring stories set between televised episodes of the programme. The novels were published from 1994 to 1997, and featured the First through Sixth Doctors. (The Seventh Doctor also appeared in one novel.) The Missing Adventures complemented the Virgin New Adventures range, which had proved successful.
Peschanaya, Irkutsk Oblast
Peschanaya (Russian: Песч́аная) is a village in the Olkhonsky District of Irkutsk region of Russia, a part of the Khuzhirskiy municipal unit. Located in the bay Nurganskaya Guba in the middle part of the western coast of Olkhon Island, in 12 km northeast from the village Kharantsy.

In the late 1930s near the village a correctional labor camp was established for those convicted of hooliganism and larceny.
The camp was a part of the GULAG system, the barracks were fenced with barbed wire.
The prisoners worked on fishing boats, at the fish factory and a sawmill.

Olkhon Island
Olkhon (Russian: Ольхо́н, also transliterated as Olchon; Buryat: Ойхон, Oikhon) is the fourth-largest lake island in the world. It is by far the largest island in Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia, with an area of 730 km2 (280 sq mi). Structurally, it constitutes the southwestern margin of the Academician Ridge. The island measures 71.5 km (44.4 mi) in length and 20.8 km (12.9 mi) in width.

There are two versions regarding the origin of the name of the island and both are derived from the language of the Buryats, the indigenous people of Olkhon. The first is that the island's name comes from the word oyhon – “woody”, and the second is that it comes from olhan – “dry”. It is still debated which of the two is the actual origin of the name Olkhon as both words describe the island perfectly. Much of the island is still covered by forests and the amount of precipitation is extremely low – about 240 mm (9.4 in) per year.
2020 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 2020 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Spartans competed as members of the East Division of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan. This was the program's first season under head coach Mel Tucker.

In a limited season, which was initially canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic before being reinstated, the Spartans compiled a 2–5 record, all in conference games. On December 20, the program announced that it would not participate in any bowl game.

Spartan Stadium (East Lansing, Michigan)
Spartan Stadium is an outdoor stadium in East Lansing, Michigan, United States that opened in 1923. It is primarily used for football, and is the home field of the Michigan State University Spartans.  After the addition of luxury boxes and club seating in 2004–2005, the capacity of the stadium grew from 72,027 to 75,005—though it has held more than 80,000 fans—making it the Big Ten's sixth largest stadium.
A Great New Star
A Great New Star is a 1952 musical sponsored film starring Dinah Shore, with her singing "See the U.S.A. in Your Chevrolet" (at the time, she starred in a twice-weekly 15-minute musical interlude for Chevrolet on NBC-TV). It starts off with her singing "It's a Most Unusual Day", and then shows an ephemeral film being made. The ending has her singing the Chevrolet jingle with shots of Chevrolet cars and America. It was made by the Jam Handy Organization.

Sponsored film
Sponsored film, or ephemeral film, as defined by film archivist Rick Prelinger, is a film made by a particular sponsor for a specific purpose other than as a work of art: the films were designed to serve a specific pragmatic purpose for a limited time. Prelinger estimates that 300,000 industrial and institutional films were made in the U.S. – far more than theatrical films. Many of the films are orphan works since they lack copyright owners or active custodians to guarantee their long-term preservation.
Roseway Theater
The Roseway Theater was a historic theater in northeast Portland, Oregon's Roseway neighborhood, in the United States, that operated for almost a century. The c. 1924 independent theater  operated continually from 1925 to 2022, when it was destroyed by fire. Greg Wood had owned the Roseway since 2008.

In the early morning of August 6, 2022, an electrical fire started in the theater and the building subsequently sustained significant damage, with more than 80 firefighters called in to pour water through the burned roof and collapsed interior stairwells. Owner Greg Wood decided not to rebuild, but the theater's marquee, which survived the fire, was removed in December 2022 with plans to display it at the National Neon Sign Museum in The Dalles, Oregon.

Roseway, Portland, Oregon
Roseway is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Portland, Oregon.  It is bordered by the neighborhoods Cully to the north (at NE Prescott St.) and west (at NE 62nd Ave.), Sumner to the northeast, Madison South to the east (at NE 82nd Ave.) and south (at NE Sacramento St.), and Rose City Park to the west (at NE 65th Ave.)

Roseway includes two parks: Wellington Park, acquired in 1941, and Glenhaven Park, acquired in 1948.  Glenhaven is the larger of the two, and includes a skatepark, playground, fields for soccer, baseball and softball, tennis courts, disabled-access play area, restrooms, picnic tables, and a wading pool.

There are three public schools located within or adjacent to the Roseway neighborhood.  These schools are Scott (K-5), Roseway Heights (6-8), and McDaniel High (9-12). The Gregory Heights branch of the Multnomah County Library is at NE 79th and Sandy.
1991 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1991 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Park City Mountain Resort in Park City, Utah as the 38th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom and cross-country skiing in the United States.

Colorado, coached by Richard Rokos, claimed their twelfth overall team championship and first as a co-ed team.

NCAA skiing championships
The NCAA Skiing Championships are held annually to crown the National Collegiate Athletic Association combined men's and women's team skiing champion. Before 1983, the championship was only for men's skiing. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one National Collegiate championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together.

The University of Denver has won a record 24 team titles, including ten since 2000. The University of Colorado is second with 20 titles (plus one AIAW title), and the University of Utah is third with 16  (plus one AIAW title).

Denver won the first NCAA championship in 1954 at Reno with 384 points, 34.4 points ahead of runner-up Seattle University. The scoring system has been modified over the years; in 2012, Vermont scored a record 832 points, with a record margin of 161 points over second-place Utah.

The 2020 edition started on schedule, but was canceled in progress due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Live (Ben Folds Five album)
Live is the first official compilation of live material by the band Ben Folds Five. It was released on June 4, 2013, via Ben Folds' own ImaVeePee Records and distributed by Sony Music Entertainment.

The album is a compilation of live recordings taken during the band's world tour in support of their reunion record, The Sound of the Life of the Mind.

The Sound of the Life of the Mind
The Sound of the Life of the Mind is the fourth studio album by Ben Folds Five, released on September 18, 2012. It is the group's first release since 1999's The Unauthorized Biography of Reinhold Messner.

The album debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200, which is Ben Folds' first top ten album on the chart, selling 30,000 copies.  It sold 67,000 copies as of August 2015.
John Johnston House (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan)
The John Johnston House is a private house located at 415 Water Street in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958.

Jane Johnston Schoolcraft
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, also known as Bamewawagezhikaquay (January 31, 1800 – May 22, 1842) is one of the earliest Native American literary writers. She was of Ojibwe and Scots-Irish ancestry. Her Ojibwe name can also be written as O-bah-bahm-wawa-ge-zhe-go-qua (Obabaamwewe-giizhigokwe in modern spelling), meaning 'Woman of the Sound [that the stars make] Rushing Through the Sky', from babaam- 'place to place, around', -wewe 'S/he(/it) makes a (repeated) sound', giizhig 'sky', and ikwe 'woman'. She lived most of her life in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
2008 Holland Ladies Tour
The 11th edition of the annual Holland Ladies Tour was held from September 2 to September 7, 2008. The women's stage race with an UCI rating of 2.2 started in Hellendoorn, and ended in Berg en Terblijt.

Holland Ladies Tour
The Holland Ladies Tour is a women's elite professional road bicycle racing stage race held annually in September since 1998 in the Netherlands. It is a tour with 6 or 7 stages. For sponsorship reasons, the 2011 race was officially titled the Profile Ladies Tour, the 2012 race the BrainWash Ladies Tour, from 2013 to 2019 as the Boels Rental Ladies Tour, and since 2021 as the Simac Ladies Tour. The race was not held in 2020.
John Williams (rugby union, born 1927)
John Michael Williams (24 August 1927 – 6 September 2000) was an English international rugby union player.

Williams was born and raised in Penzance, Cornwall. He attended Rugby School.

A hard-running centre, Williams gained a Cambridge blue in 1949 and was club captain of the Cornish Pirates. He was capped twice for England in the 1951 Five Nations, against Ireland at Lansdowne Road and Scotland at Twickenham.

Williams was a solicitor turned industrialist and spent his later years living in Budock. He held the position of High Sheriff of Cornwall for 1990 and also served a period as President of Cornwall RFU.

High Sheriff of Cornwall
The right to choose high sheriffs each year is vested in the Duchy of Cornwall. The Privy Council, chaired by the sovereign, chooses the sheriffs of all other English counties, other than those in the Duchy of Lancaster. This right came from the Earldom of Cornwall. In the time of earls Richard and Edmund, the steward or seneschal of Cornwall was often also the sheriff.
Daehan Cheolligyo
Daehan Cheolligyo (Korean: 대한천리교, lit. 'Korean [Great Han] Tenrikyo') is a Tenrikyo-based Shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that is based in South Korea. It is one of the two South Korean Tenrikyo organizations. Daehan Cheolligyo is known for adopting more localized customs to harmonize with the general post-Japanese colonial cultural atmosphere; the other one is Cheolligyo Han'gukgyodan that still preserves the Japanese Sect Shinto-affiliated cultural aspects in terms of religious practices and direct affiliation with the Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. Its headquarters are currently located in southern Uijeongbu right next to Mangwolsa station of Seoul Subway Line 1 and Shinhan University's 1st campus.

Tenrikyo
Tenrikyo (天 理 教, Tenrikyō) is a Japanese new religion which is neither strictly monotheistic nor pantheistic, originating from the teachings of a 19th-century woman named Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as "Oyasama". Followers of Tenrikyo believe that God of Origin, God in Truth, known by several names including "Tsukihi," "Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto" and "Oyagamisama" revealed divine intent through Miki Nakayama as the Shrine of God and to a lesser extent the roles of the Honseki Izo Iburi and other leaders. Tenrikyo's worldly aim is to teach and promote the Joyous Life, which is cultivated through acts of charity and mindfulness called hinokishin.

The primary operations of Tenrikyo today are located at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, which supports 16,833 locally managed churches in Japan, the construction and maintenance of the oyasato-yakata and various community-focused organisations. It has 1.75 million followers in Japan and is estimated to have over 2 million worldwide.