hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Redwood Mountain Grove
Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) trees on earth. It is located in Kings Canyon National Park and Giant Sequoia National Monument on the western slope of California's Sierra Nevada. The grove contains the world's tallest giant sequoia (95 metres (312 ft)). The Hart Tree and Roosevelt Tree grow in the grove and are two of the 25 largest trees by volume in the world. The largest tree is the General Sherman Tree in the Giant Forest grove to the southeast.

Giant Forest
The Giant Forest, famed for its giant sequoia trees, is within the United States' Sequoia National Park. This montane forest, situated at over 6,000 ft (1,800 m) above mean sea level in the western Sierra Nevada of California, covers an area of 1,880 acres (7.6 km2). The Giant Forest is the most accessible of all giant sequoia groves, as it has over 40 mi (64 km) of hiking trails.

Five of the ten most massive trees on Earth are located within the Giant Forest. The largest of these, the General Sherman Tree, measures 36.5 ft (11.1 m) across the base. The giant sequoia is the world's most massive species of tree and is one of the six species documented to grow to 300 ft (91 m) in height; the others are coast redwood, yellow meranti, Eucalyptus regnans, Douglas fir, and Sitka spruce. It is also among the longest-lived of all trees in the world.
Clover Sonoma
Clover Sonoma, formerly Clover Stornetta Farms (and also Clover Organic Farms or simply, Clover), is a dairy company located in Sonoma County, California, along the Pacific coast in Northern California. It is a brand that has existed since the early 1900s, when the Petaluma Cooperative Creamery served the city of Petaluma. In 1977, Clover Stornetta Farms, Inc. was formed from the joining of two separate companies: Stornetta's Dairy and the Petaluma Cooperative Creamery (which distributed Clover-brand dairy products). Clover Sonoma currently has farms in Sonoma County, Marin County, and Mendocino County, California. In 2021, Clover Sonoma launched Clover the Rainbow, a sister dairy brand that makes a line of kids' organic yogurt smoothies.

Dairy product
Dairy products or milk products are food products made from (or containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep. Dairy products consumed around the world include yogurt, cheese, milk, and butter. A facility that produces dairy products is a dairy. Dairy products are consumed worldwide to varying degrees. Some people avoid some or all dairy products because of lactose intolerance, veganism, environmental concerns, or other reasons or beliefs.
Siege of Cyzicus
The siege of Cyzicus  took place in 73 BC between the armies of Mithridates VI of Pontus and the Roman-allied citizens of Cyzicus in Mysia and Roman Republican forces under Lucius Licinius Lucullus. It was in fact a siege and a counter-siege. It ended in a decisive Roman victory.

Mysia
Mysia (UK /ˈmɪsiə/, US /ˈmɪʒə/ or /ˈmiːʒə/; Greek: Μυσία; Latin: Mysia; Turkish: Misya) was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor (Anatolia, Asian part of modern Turkey). It was located on the south coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was bounded by Bithynia on the east, Phrygia on the southeast, Lydia on the south, Aeolis on the southwest, Troad on the west, and the Propontis on the north. In ancient times it was inhabited by the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolian Greeks and other groups.
Future Systems
Future Systems was a London-based architectural and design practice, formerly headed by Directors Jan Kaplický and Amanda Levete.

Future Systems was founded by Kaplický and David Nixon after working with Denys Lasdun, Norman Foster, Renzo Piano, and Richard Rogers in 1979. The work of Future Systems can be classified within the British high-tech architects as either bionic architecture or amorphous, organic shapes sometimes referred to as "blobitecture". "Compared to his peers, Kaplicky was the avant-garde incarnate, relentlessly pursuing the new new thing, refusing to settle into some predictable, and comfortable, architectural niche."

Norman Foster
Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank (born 1 June 1935), is an English architect. Closely associated with the development of high-tech architecture, Lord Foster is recognised as a key figure in British modernist architecture. His firm, Foster + Partners, first founded in 1967 as Foster Associates, is the largest in the United Kingdom, and operates internationally. He also serves as president of the Norman Foster Foundation, established to "promote interdisciplinary thinking and research to help new generations of architects, designers and urbanists anticipate the future". The foundation, which opened in June 2017, is based in Madrid and operates globally. Foster received the Pritzker Prize in 2000.
Patrick McGilligan (Fine Gael politician)
Patrick Joseph McGilligan (12 April 1889 – 15 November 1979) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as the 14th Attorney General of Ireland from 1954 to 1957, Minister for Finance from 1948 to 1951, Minister for External Affairs from 1927 to 1932 and Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1924 to 1932. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1923 to 1965.

Minister for Finance (Ireland)
The Minister for Finance (Irish: An tAire Airgeadais) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland. The Minister for Finance leads the Department of Finance and is responsible for all financial and monetary matters of the state; and is considered the second most important member of the Government of Ireland, after the Taoiseach.

The current office holder is Simon Harris, TD; he is assisted by one Minister of State Robert Troy, TD.
Diego Lopes (footballer)
Diego Hipólito da Silva Lopes (born 3 May 1994), known as Diego Lopes, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder.

Lopes is the most expensive and the first multimillion-dollar player signing in the Singapore Premier League history.

2023 Singapore Cup
The 2023 Singapore Cup will be the 24th edition of the Singapore Cup, Singapore's annual premier club football knock-out tournament organised by the Football Association of Singapore.

Hougang United is the defending champions, having won the tournament in 2022 after defeating defending champions Tampines Rovers 3–2 in the final to win their inaugural Singapore Cup.
Villacarrillo
Villacarrillo is a locality and Spanish municipality located in the south-western part of the region of Las Villas, in the province of Jaén. It borders the municipalities of Santisteban del Puerto, Iznatoraf, Villanueva del Arzobispo, Santiago-Pontones, Santo Tomé, Úbeda (by the enclave known as Rincón de Úbeda), and Sabiote.

The municipality includes the population centers of Villacarrillo - which hosts the capital of the Las Villas region -, Mogón, La Caleruela, Agrupación de Mogón y Arroturas. It has a population of 10,902 inhabitants.

Sabiote
Sabiote is a Spanish town and municipality situated in the northeastern part of La Loma, in the province of Jaén, autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the municipalities of Úbeda, Torreperogil, Santisteban del Puerto and Navas de San Juan. The river Guadalimar flows through the municipal district, including the reservoir of Giribaile and Olvera. The municipality has a population of 3,886 (INE 2020).
Poultry by-product meal
Poultry by-product meal (PBM) is a high-protein ingredient used as a major component in some pet foods. It is made from grinding clean, rendered  parts of poultry carcasses and can contain bones, offal and undeveloped eggs. Poultry by-product meal quality and composition can change from one batch to another.

Rendering (animal products)
Rendering is any process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, usable materials. Rendering can refer to any processing of animal products into more useful materials, or, more narrowly, to the rendering of whole animal fatty tissue into purified fats like lard or tallow. Rendering can be carried out on an industrial, farm, or kitchen scale. It can also be applied to non-animal products that are rendered down to pulp. The rendering process simultaneously dries the material and separates the fat from the bone and protein,  yielding a fat commodity and a protein meal.
Ilimanaq Heliport
Ilimanaq Heliport (ICAO: BGIL) is a heliport in Ilimanaq, a village located just south of Ilulissat Icefjord in Avannaata municipality in western Greenland. The heliport is considered a helistop, and is served by Air Greenland as part of a government contract.

Avannaata
Avannaata (Greenlandic pronunciation: [avanːaːta], Danish: Norden, lit. 'The North') is a municipality of Greenland created on 1 January 2018 from the bulk of the former Qaasuitsup municipality. It encompasses an area of 522,700 km2 and has 10,989 inhabitants.
Dichotomyctere sabahensis
Dichotomyctere sabahensis is a species of pufferfish endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo.  This species grows to a standard length of 10.8 cm (4.3 in).

It is also called the giant spotted puffer or the Saba puffer. The juvenile looks much like the spotted green pufferfish (D. nigroviridis), and both can live 15 years in an aquarium. Though the giant green spotted puffer seems to prefer a much lower salinity as an adult. It is safe to keep D. sabahensis at a salinity of 1.004 or half-brackish.

Dichotomyctere nigroviridis
Dichotomyctere nigroviridis (syn. Tetraodon nigroviridis) or the green spotted puffer is a species of pufferfish. It is found across South and Southeast Asia in coastal freshwater, but survives the longest in brackish to saltwater, and brackish water habitats. D. nigroviridis reaches a typical maximum length of about 15 cm (6 in) (5.9 in), with reports of up to 17 cm (6.7 in). In February 2009, it was successfully bred in captivity at University of Florida using a new variation of the ovarian lavage technique.
1904–05 FBC Juventus season
The 1904–05 season marked a historic milestone for FBC Juventus, as the club clinched its first-ever Italian Football Championship title, laying the foundation for what would become one of the most successful dynasties in European football. In their sixth year of existence, Juventus competed in the Prima Categoria, the top tier of Italian football at the time, which featured a regional qualification system followed by a final round-robin phase.

Under the leadership of Chairman Alfred Dick, the team played its home matches at the Velodrome Humbert I in Turin. Juventus showcased a dominant performance throughout the campaign, defeating regional rivals and national contenders such as FBC Torinese, US Milanese, and Genoa. Their triumph in the final round secured not only the championship but also national recognition, establishing Juventus as a rising force in Italian football.

Prima Categoria
The Prima Categoria is the seventh level (since 2014–15) in the Italian football league system and is organized by the National Amateur League by the Regional Committees. Each individual league winner within the Prima Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Promozione level. Depending on each league's local rules, a number of teams each year are relegated from each league, to the eighth level of Italian football, the Seconda Categoria.

This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a regional level.

From 1898–1922, the highest league in Italy was named the Prima Categoria, the predecessor to the later Prima Divisione and current Serie A. That Prima Categoria has no relation to the one of today, which was founded in 1959.
Sucrose phosphorylase
Sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of sucrose and regulation of other metabolic intermediates.  Sucrose phosphorylase is in the class of hexosyltransferases. More specifically it has been placed in the retaining glycoside hydrolases family although it catalyzes a transglycosidation rather than hydrolysis.  Sucrose phosphorylase catalyzes the conversion of sucrose to D-fructose and α-D-glucose-1-phosphate. It has been shown in multiple experiments that the enzyme catalyzes this conversion by a double displacement mechanism.

Hexosyltransferase
Hexosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a hexose.

Examples include:

glucosyltransferases - transfer glucose

galactosyltransferases - transfer galactose

fucosyltransferases - transfer fucose

glucuronosyltransferase - transfer glucuronic acid

fructosyltransferase - transfer fructose

They are classified under EC number 2.4.1.
Stentor muelleri
Stentor muelleri, also called a trumpet ciliate, is a single-celled eukaryote which feeds on algae. It has a horned-shaped body and is usually 0.5–1.0 millimetre (0.02–0.04 in) long (exceptionally up to 3 mm or 0.12 in) and is found in freshwater bodies of water and sometimes estuaries. Stentor muelleri is a heterotrich.

Heterotrich
The heterotrichs are a class of ciliates.  They typically have a prominent adoral zone of membranelles circling the mouth, used in locomotion and feeding, and shorter cilia on the rest of the body.  Many species are highly contractile, and are typically compressed or conical in form. These include some of the largest protozoa, such as Stentor and Spirostomum, as well as many brightly pigmented forms, such as certain Blepharisma.
Indigenous Australians and crime
Indigenous Australians are both convicted of crimes and imprisoned at a disproportionately higher rate in Australia, as well as being over-represented as victims of crime.  As of September 2019, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 2% of the general adult population (3.3% of the total population). Various explanations have been given for this over-representation, both historical and more recent.  Federal and state governments and Indigenous groups have responded with various analyses, programs and measures.

Recidivism
Recidivism (/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/; from Latin: recidivus 'recurring', derived from re- 'again' and cadere 'to fall') is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been trained to extinguish it. Recidivism is also used to refer to the percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense.

The term is frequently used in conjunction with criminal behavior and substance abuse. Recidivism is a synonym of relapse, which is more commonly used in medicine and in the disease model of addiction.
Moolack Mountain (Idaho)
Moolack Mountain, also sometimes referred to as Baron Peak North, at 10,330 feet (3,150 m) above sea level is a peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Boise County. The peak is located 1.3 mi (2.1 km) west of Mount Limbert, its line parent, and 0.5 mi (0.80 km) northwest of Baron Peak.

Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
The Sawtooth Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in central Idaho, United States, reaching a maximum elevation of 10,751 feet (3,277 m) at the summit of Thompson Peak. It encompasses an area of 678 square miles (1,756 km2) spanning parts of Custer, Boise, Blaine, and Elmore counties, and is bordered to the east by the Sawtooth Valley. Much of the mountain range is within the Sawtooth Wilderness, part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area and Sawtooth National Forest.

The mountains were named for their jagged peaks.
Nieuwendijk, South Holland
Nieuwendijk is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard and lies about 9 km south of Spijkenisse.

Nieuwendijk was severely damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953, and 36 emergency houses were donated by Norway to the village. It has a little church, but it has been vacant since 2018.

Nieuwendijk is not a statistical entity, and considered part of Zuid-Beijerland and Goudswaard. It has no place name signs, and consists of about 150 houses.

Spijkenisse
Spijkenisse (Dutch pronunciation: [spɛikəˈnɪsə] ⓘ) is a large town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the municipality of Nissewaard, and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of 30.27 km2 (11.69 sq mi) of which 4.15 km2 (1.60 sq mi) is water. It is part of the Greater Rotterdam area.
2005 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2005 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Asia and Oceania. Using the positions determined in their pools, the nine teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2005 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group I, the top two countries of each pool played for first to fourth placings, while the bottom two of each pool competed for fifth to eighth. The teams that ended up placing first overall advanced to World Group play-offs, whilst those coming in seventh were relegated down to Group II for the next year.

2005 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2005 World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2006 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Dvirets, Ternopil Oblast
Dvirets (Ukrainian: Двірець) is a village in the Kremenets urban hromada of the Kremenets Raion of Ternopil Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Kremenets Raion (1940–2020) on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets urban hromada
Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.

The hromada has a size of 522.9 km2 (201.9 mi2), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).
Richard Tyner
Christianity portal

Richard Tyner (1 October 1877 – 6 April 1958) was an Irish Anglican bishop.

Richard Styner was born in Castlepollard, County Westmeath, Ireland and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained in 1910. He was a curate at St Cyllin Monaghan and then held incumbencies at Clontibret, Ematris and Rockcorry. He was appointed the 52nd Bishop of Clogher in 1943 And served until 1958. He died in Monaghan, aged 80.

Bishop of Clogher
The Bishop of Clogher (/ˈklɔː.ər/, /ˈklɒ.hər/) is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Clogher in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Following the Reformation, there are now parallel apostolic successions: one of the Church of Ireland and the other of the Roman Catholic Church.
Club Managers' Association Australia
The Club Managers' Association Australia (CMAA) is a trade union in Australia. It represents approximately 2800 professional managers of clubs.  It was founded in 1964 as the Club Managers' Association, and then changed its name in 1967 to the Secretaries' and Managers' Association of Australia and adopted its current name in 1993.

The CMAA is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions.

With the Leagues Club Association of New South Wales it produced in 1998 a joint submission to the Productivity Commission on Australia's gambling industries.

Former rugby league representative players Latchem Robinson and Snowy Justice were, as Leagues Club Secretary-Managers instrumental in the establishment of the Association in Sydney in 1964.

Australian Council of Trade Unions
The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), originally the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated unions and eight trades and labour councils. The ACTU is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation.

The President of the ACTU is Michele O'Neil, who was elected on 28 July 2018. The current Secretary is Sally McManus.
Lance Fortnow
Lance Jeremy Fortnow (born August 15, 1963) is a computer scientist known for major results in computational complexity and interactive proof systems. Since 2019, he has been at the Illinois Institute of Technology, where he is currently professor in computer science. He served as the founding dean of the College of Computing from June 2020 to June 2025.

Oracle machine
In complexity theory and computability theory, an oracle machine is an abstract machine that can query a black box called an oracle, which is able to give an answer to any instance of a certain problem ⁠⁠ in a single operation. The problem ⁠⁠ can be of any complexity class, or it can even be an undecidable problem such as the halting problem. If another problem ⁠⁠ is reducible to ⁠⁠ in polynomial time, then the oracle machine (with the ⁠⁠-oracle) can solve ⁠⁠ in polynomial time; one can say that ⁠⁠ is in the relativized complexity class ⁠⁠. Other relativized complexity classes such as ⁠⁠ can be defined analogously.
SoX
Sound eXchange (SoX) is a cross-platform audio editing software. It has a command-line interface, and is written in standard C. It is free software, licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later, with libsox licensed under LGPL-2.1-or-later, and distributed by Chris Bagwell through SourceForge.

Audio file format
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression. The data can be a raw bitstream in an audio coding format, but it is usually embedded in a container format or an audio data format with a defined storage layer.
Quercus chrysocalyx
Quercus chrysocalyx is a tree species in the beech family Fagaceae; there are no known subspecies. It is native to Cambodia, China (Yunnan), Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.  It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis (the ring-cupped oaks).

This oak tree grows up to 15 m tall, with large acorns – 25–30 mm, and has been recorded from Vietnam, where it may be called sồi quang.

Acorn
The acorn  is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera Quercus, Notholithocarpus and Lithocarpus, in the family Fagaceae); alternatively known as glans. It usually contains a seedling surrounded by two cotyledons (seedling leaves), enclosed in a tough shell known as the pericarp, and borne in a cup-shaped cupule. Acorns are 1–6 cm (1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) long and 0.8–4 cm (3⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) on the fat side. Acorns take between 5 and 24 months (depending on the species) to mature; see the list of Quercus species for details of oak classification, in which acorn morphology and phenology are important factors.
Allied General
Allied General is a turn-based computer wargame set in World War II that features the Allied side of operations. It is a sequel to Panzer General. Players can progress through four campaigns as an Allied general against Axis forces controlled by the computer. In Germany, Allied General was titled Panzer General II, and Panzer General II was named Panzer General IIID.

Computer wargame
A computer wargame is a wargame played on a digital device. Descended from board wargaming, it simulates military conflict at the tactical, operational or strategic level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for recreational use and, in some cases, used for military purposes.