hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Politics of Odisha
The politics of Odisha are part of India's federal parliamentary representative democracy, where the union government exercises sovereign rights. Certain powers are reserved to the states, including Odisha. The state has a multi-party system, in which the two main parties are the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the regional, socialist Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The Indian National Congress (INC) has also significant presence.

Harekrushna Mahatab
Harekrushna Mahatab (born Harekrushna Das, 21 November 1899 – 2 January 1987) was a leader of the Indian National Congress, a notable figure in the Indian independence movement and the Chief Minister of Odisha from 1946 to 1950 and from 1956 to 1961. He was popularly known by the sobriquet "Utkal Keshari".
2013 Nationwide Children's Hospital 200
The 2013 Nationwide Children's Hospital 200 was the 22nd stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the inaugural iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 17, 2013, in Lexington, Ohio at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, a 2.258 miles (3.634 km) permanent road course. The race was extended from its scheduled 90 laps to 94 due to a green–white–checker finish. At race's end, A. J. Allmendinger, driving for Penske Racing, would dominate the race to win his second career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his second and final win of the season. To fill out the podium, Michael McDowell of Joe Gibbs Racing and Sam Hornish Jr. of Penske Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series
The 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series was the 32nd season of the NASCAR Nationwide Series, the second national professional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season was contested over thirty-three races and started on February 23, 2013 at Daytona International Speedway, with the DRIVE4COPD 300, and ended on November 16 with the Ford EcoBoost 300 at Homestead–Miami Speedway. Austin Dillon of Richard Childress Racing won the Drivers' Championship, becoming the first driver in the three major NASCAR series to do so without recording a win. The No. 22 entry of Penske Racing won the Owners' Championship, while Ford won the Manufacturers' Championship.
John Van Maanen
John Eastin Van Maanen (born 1943) is an American organizational theorist, Professor of Organization Studies at the MIT Sloan School of Management, and best known for his contributions to qualitative studies in management and to organizational ethnography.

His studies included longitudinal researches of policemen, fishermen, Disneyland operators, and London detectives. His publications include also methodological studies on writing organizational ethnographies and on power relations in workplace.  His Tales of the Field on Writing Ethnography (University of Chicago Press, 1988) became a classic reading in many doctoral programs in management around the world. He also recently commented on "On the Run", by Alice Goffman. His other contributions include studies of high tech industries.

Alice Goffman
Alice Goffman (born 1982) is an American sociologist, urban ethnographer, and author. She was assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and visiting assistant professor of sociology at Pomona College. She is known for the controversy that resulted from the publication of her 2014 book On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. She is the paternal granddaughter of Max Goffman and Anne Goffman, née Averbach, daughter of famed sociologist Erving Goffman and niece to famed actress Frances Bay.
Kane Wilson
Kane Leo Wilson (born 11 March 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back  for EFL League Two club Milton Keynes Dons.

Wilson joined the West Bromwich Albion aged 7, and would make his first and only appearance for the first team in 2016, he would have loan spells at Exeter City (twice), Walsall and Tranmere Rovers.

In 2020, Wilson signed with Forest Green Rovers and in the 2021–22 season, Wilson would be named League Two player of the season in the 2022 EFL Awards, as Forest Green won the League Two title. In June 2022, Wilson signed with Bristol City, an injury hit season would limit his appearances and in 2023, Wilson left to join Derby County, where in his first season he helped the side win automatic promotion to the Championship. In August 2025, Wilson left Derby to join Milton Keynes Dons.

2021–22 EFL League Two
The 2021–22 EFL League Two (referred to as the Sky Bet League Two for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th season of Football League Two under its current title and the 30th season under its current league division format.

Scunthorpe were relegated along with Oldham Athletic, who became the first former FA Premier League member to be relegated to the fifth tier.
Spicers Gap Road
Spicers Gap Road is a heritage-listed road at Spicers Gap Road Conservation Park (in the Main Range National Park), Tregony, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1859 to 1865. It is also known as Spicers Gap Road Conservation Park and Spicers Peak Road. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 July 1999.

Southern Downs Region
The Southern Downs Region is a local government area (LGA) in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia. The region runs along the state's southern boundary with New South Wales and was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Warwick and the Shire of Stanthorpe. As at 2024, it has an area of 7,088 square kilometres (2,737 sq mi).

In the 2021 census, the Southern Downs Region had a population of 36,290 people.
Young Tak
Park Young-tak (Korean: 박영탁; born 13 May 1983), credited mononymously as Young Tak (영탁, commonly stylized as YOUNGTAK), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor and television personality. He made his debut in 2007 as a ballad singer with his 1st album Young Tak Disia. In 2016, he started his trot career with the release of his first trot single album, Nuna You Are Perfect. In 2020, he became well known by placing second in the TV Chosun audition show Mr. Trot out of 17,000 participants with his biggest hit "Jjiniya".

Wando County
Wando County (Korean: 완도군; RR: Wando-gun) is a county in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It takes its name from the island of Wando, which is the largest island within the county and serves as the county seat.

The major military headquarters and trading hub Cheonghaejin, established by General Chang Pogo in 828, was located on Wando Island.

Champion golfer K.J. Choi hails from Wando.
Italianization
Italianization (Italian: italianizzazione [italjaniddzatˈtsjoːne]; Croatian: talijanizacija; French: italianisation; Spanish: italianización; Portuguese: italianização; Slovene: poitaljančevanje; German: Italianisierung; Greek: Ιταλοποίηση, romanized: Italopoíisi) is the spread of Italian culture, language and identity by way of integration or assimilation. It is also known for a process organized by the Kingdom of Italy to force cultural and ethnic assimilation of the native populations living, primarily, in the former Austro-Hungarian territories that were transferred to Italy after World War I in exchange for Italy having joined the Triple Entente in 1915; this process was mainly conducted during the period of Fascist rule between 1922 and 1943.

Italian nationalism
Italian nationalism (Italian: Nazionalismo italiano) is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country. From an Italian nationalist perspective, Italianness is defined as claiming cultural and ethnic descent from the Latins, an Italic tribe which originally dwelt in Latium and came to dominate the Italian peninsula and much of Europe. Because of that, Italian nationalism has also historically adhered to imperialist theories.

Italian nationalism is often thought to trace its origins to the Renaissance, but only arose as a political force in the 1830s under the leadership of Giuseppe Mazzini. It served as a cause for Risorgimento in the 1860s to 1870s. Italian nationalism became strong again in World War I with Italian irredentist claims to territories held by Austria-Hungary, and during the era of Italian Fascism.
Panjabi Hit Squad
Panjabi Hit Squad are British DJs, producers and radio broadcasters for BBC Asian Network and formerly BBC 1Xtra. The group recorded several albums, including Desi Beats Vol 1 with Def Jam. They have won the UK Asian Music Awards three times, in 2003, 2005 and 2012. They produced two albums for Ms Scandalous, Ladies First and Aag.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Munich-Moosach station
Munich-Moosach station is a railway station in the Moosach district of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It consists of an above-ground station for regional and Munich S-Bahn services and an underground station for the Munich U-Bahn.

Freising station
Freising station is located in the town of Freising in the German state of Bavaria. It is located a few hundred metres to the south of the Domberg ("cathedral hill") on the southern edge of the old town.
Parahelpis
Parahelpis is a genus of Australian jumping spiders that was first described by Joanna Gardzińska & Marek Michał Żabka in 2010. As of August 2019 it contains only two species, found only in New South Wales and Queensland: P. abnormis and P. smithae.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Red sculpin
Procottus jeittelesii, the  red sculpin or red Baikal sculpin, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia. It is a freshwater fish that dwells under stones or in holes in the mud at a depth range of 0 to 800 m (0 to 2,625 ft). It is often found at around 100 m (330 ft), and is most abundant during the autumn and winter. From the late winter to the spring it breeds at depths of 5 to 30 m (16 to 98 ft). It can reach a maximum length of 18 cm (7.1 in), but typically is 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in). It has a red spotted or banded pattern on a light background. The red sculpin resembles two of its close relatives, the smaller P. gurwici and the larger P. major.

The red sculpin's diet consists of zoobenthos, especially amphipods but also oligochaetes. Despite its small size, it is caught and eaten by locals, and also eaten by the Baikal seal and other fish.

Baikal seal
The Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica), also known as Lake Baikal seal or Baikal nerpa (нерпа), is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. The Baikal seal is one of the smallest earless/true seals, and one of the few exclusively freshwater pinniped species. The related Caspian seal inhabits another lake, albeit being saltwater, the Caspian Sea. Both species are closely related to the ringed seal, which inhabits the Arctic Ocean.

A subpopulation of inland harbour seals living in the Hudson Bay region of Quebec, Canada (the Lacs des Loups Marins harbour seals), as well as the Saimaa ringed seal and the Ladoga seal (both ringed seal subspecies), are also found in fresh water, but these seals are part of species that also have marine populations, instead of being distinct species.

The most recent population estimates are 80,000 to 100,000 animals, roughly equaling the expected carrying capacity of the lake. At present, the species is not considered threatened.
Semantic reasoner
A semantic reasoner, reasoning engine, rules engine, or simply a reasoner, is a piece of software able to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts or axioms. The notion of a semantic reasoner generalizes that of an inference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. The inference rules are commonly specified by means of an ontology language, and often a description logic language.  Many reasoners use first-order predicate logic to perform reasoning; inference commonly proceeds by forward chaining and backward chaining. There are also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including non-axiomatic reasoning systems, and probabilistic logic networks.

Backward chaining
Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants, and other artificial intelligence applications.

In game theory, researchers apply it to (simpler) subgames to find a solution to the game, in a process called backward induction. In chess, it is called retrograde analysis, and it is used to generate table bases for chess endgames for computer chess.

Backward chaining is implemented in logic programming by SLD resolution. Both rules are based on the modus ponens inference rule. It is one of the two most commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining. Backward chaining systems usually employ a depth-first search strategy, e.g. Prolog.
Frederick S. Hulse
Frederick Seymour Hulse (February 11, 1906 – May 16, 1990) was an American anthropologist.

Hulse was born in New York City in 1906 to Hiram Richard Hulse and the former Frances Burrows Seymour. He had two sisters, Mary and Charity. His parents survived the SS Morro Castle disaster in 1934, which claimed 137 lives. On August 26, 1934, in California, he married Leonie Robinson Mills. She died in a car accident in 1982, in which Hulse himself was injured.

He became interested in anthropology after reading The Racial History of Man by Roland Dixon. Hulse was a student of Earnest Hooton. In his publications he discussed human races in terms of evolutionary dynamics. He is also known for his work with Harry L. Shapiro on Japanese migrant studies. He later became a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Arizona.

He received his BA and PhD from Harvard University.

Earnest Hooton
Earnest Albert Hooton (November 20, 1887 – May 3, 1954) was an American physical anthropologist known for his work on racial classification and his popular writings such as the book Up From The Ape. Hooton sat on the Committee on the Negro, a group that "focused on the anatomy of blacks and reflected the racism of the time."
Bryan Alton
Bryan Gerard Alton (5 June 1919 – 18 January 1991) was an Irish physician and member of Seanad Éireann from 1965 to 1973.

He born in Dublin on 5 June 1919, the only child of Norman Alton, a bank inspector, and his wife, Mary Frances (née Hayes). He was educated at St Mary's College, Dublin, Castleknock College and University College Dublin (UCD). He graduated from UCD in 1946 with a degree in medicine.

He was the personal doctor of Éamon de Valera. His uncle Ernest Alton, was also a Senator.

He was elected to the 11th Seanad in 1965 for the National University constituency. He was re-elected to the Seanad in 1969. He did not contest the 1973 Seanad election.

He was president of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland from 1974 to 1977.

11th Seanad
The 11th Seanad was in office from 1965 to 1969. An election to Seanad Éireann, the Senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1965 general election to the 18th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 12th Seanad in 1969.
Bitter rot of apple
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexes. It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the lesion. It is one of the most devastating diseases of apple fruit in regions with warm wet weather.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Deudesfeld
Deudesfeld (in Eifel dialect: Deisseld) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the southwest Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town. In Deudesfeld, Moselle Franconian is spoken.

Vulkaneifel
Vulkaneifel (German pronunciation: [vʊlˈkaːnʔaɪfl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the northwest of the state Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the least densely populated district in the state and the fourth most sparsely populated district in Germany. The administrative centre of the district is in Daun. Neighboring districts are Euskirchen (North Rhine-Westphalia), Ahrweiler, Mayen-Koblenz, Cochem-Zell, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Bitburg-Prüm.
Nikli massacre
Nikli massacre was a premediated massacre of 35 Bengali Hindus in the Dampara Union of Nikli Upazila of Kishoreganj District, Dhaka Division, on 21 September 1971 by the Pakistan Army in collaboration with the Razakars during the Bangladesh Liberation War. According to sources, 35 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistani Forces and the Razakars.

Kishoreganj District
Kishoreganj District (Bengali: কিশোরগঞ্জ জেলা) is a district in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. The establishment of the Kishorganj began with 2495.07 km2 of land requisition from Mymensingh district to form Kishoreganj District. Earlier it was a mahakuma (sub-division) under Mymensingh district. Kishorganj consists of eight municipalities, 13 upazilas, 105 union parishads, 39 wards, 145 mahallas, 946 mouzas, and 1775 villages.
Susan Bieke Neilson
Susan Bieke Neilson (August 27, 1956 – January 25, 2006) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, and before that, a state trial judge in Michigan.

Neilson was nominated by President George W. Bush on February 14, 2005, to a seat vacated by Cornelia G. Kennedy. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 27, 2005, and received commission on November 9, 2005. Neilson's service was terminated on January 25, 2006, due to death.

George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies
During President George W. Bush's two term tenure in office, a few of his nominations for  federal judgeships were blocked by the Senate Democrats either directly in the Senate Judiciary Committee or on the full Senate floor in various procedural moves, including the first use of a filibuster to block a Federal Appeals Court nominee. Republicans labeled it an unwarranted obstruction of professionally qualified judicial nominees.
Gouverneur Reservoir
Gouverneur Reservoir is a reservoir in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north-west of Cadillac along the course of Notukeu Creek in the Rural Municipality of Wise Creek No. 77. Notukeu Creek is a tributary of the Wood River in the Old Wives Lake watershed. The reservoir is impounded by Gouverneur Dam, which was built in 1951.

The community of Gouverneur — named after Gouverneur Ogden, a former vice president of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) — is near the eastern shore and a boat launch is on the western one.

Cadillac, Saskatchewan
Cadillac (2016 population: 92) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Wise Creek No. 77 and Census Division No. 4. It is at the intersection of Highway 13, the Red Coat Trail, and Highway 4 in the southwest portion of the province. Located 62 kilometres (39 mi) south of the city of Swift Current, The three largest buildings remaining in the community are the former Cadillac School, the Cadillac Skating and Curling Rink, and the former Saskatchewan Wheat Pool grain elevator.
Members of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly, 1982–1986
This is a list of members of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly from 1982 to 1986. The ACT was not self-governing at this time.

The term was allowed to expire in 1986 due to plans to introduce full self-government for the territory.

1  Horder resigned from the Assembly in 1985 and was replaced by Kevin Gill. "IN BRIEF New Members". The Canberra Times. Vol. 59, no. 18, 234. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 2 September 1985. p. 3. Retrieved 12 April 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

2  Walsmley resigned from the Assembly in 1985 and was replaced by Rosemary Follett. "IN BRIEF New Members". The Canberra Times. Vol. 59, no. 18, 234. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 2 September 1985. p. 3. Retrieved 12 April 2021 – via National Library of Australia.

Rosemary Follett
Rosemary Follett AO (born 27 March 1948) is an Australian former politician who was the first Chief Minister of Australian Capital Territory, serving in 1989 and again between 1991 and 1995.  She was the first woman to become head of government in an Australian state or territory.
Lonestar Kashmir FC
Lonestar Kashmir Football Club (also known as Lone Star or LKFC) is an Indian professional football club based in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Founded in 2013, the club previously competed in the I-League 2nd Division, and currently participates in the JKFA Professional League, the fifth tier of the Indian football league system. Lonestar first competed professionally when they were part of the 2015 I-League 2nd Division. The club primarily uses TRCG Stadium as home ground.

Jammu and Kashmir Football Association
The Jammu and Kashmir Football Association (JKFA) is one of the 36 Indian state football associations affiliated with the All India Football Federation. The Jammu and Kashmir Football Association is the governing body for football in Jammu and Kashmir. It was formed and granted recognition by Jammu & Kashmir State Sports Council and the All India Football Federation in 1964. Since 1964 the association has been qualified to take part in the Santosh Trophy and all other competitions in the country.

JKFA organises the Jammu & Kashmir Premier Football League. It also sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.