hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard S. Ellis
Richard Steven Ellis (May 15, 1947 – July 2, 2018) was an American mathematician.

He was born on May 15, 1947, in Brookline, Massachusetts, to parents Murray and Helen. Ellis graduated from Boston Latin School and attended Harvard University, where he studied German literature and mathematics. He pursued graduate study at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. In 1972, he received his PhD from the New York University for his thesis Chapman-Eskog-Hilbert Expansion for Models of the Boltzmann Equation under the supervision of Henry McKean. He began teaching at Northwestern University and left for the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1975. In 1984, he improved a key result in large deviations theory originally due to Jürgen Gärtner, which is now known as Gärtner-Ellis Theorem. He was named fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1999. Ellis died of bile duct cancer in New York City on July 2, 2018, aged 71.

Henry McKean
Henry P. McKean, Jr. (December 10, 1930 – April 20, 2024) was an American mathematician at the Courant Institute in New York University. He worked in various areas of analysis. He obtained his PhD in 1955 from Princeton University under William Feller.

McKean was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1980. In 2007, he was awarded the Leroy P. Steele Prize for his life's work. In 1978, he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki (Algebraic curves of infinite genus arising in the theory of nonlinear waves). In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

His doctoral students include Michael Arbib, Luigi Chierchia, Donald A. Dawson, Harry Dym, Daniel Stroock, Eugene Trubowitz, Victor Moll and Pierre van Moerbeke and Uri Keich.

McKean died on April 20, 2024, aged 93.
Spoetzl Brewery
Spoetzl Brewery (originally Shiner Brewing Association) is a brewery located in Shiner, Texas, United States. It produces a diverse line of Shiner beers, including their flagship Shiner Bock, a dark lager that is now distributed throughout the US.  The brewery is owned by the Gambrinus Company, a family-owned company based in San Antonio, which also owns Trumer Brewery in Berkeley, California.

Stout
Stout is a type of dark beer that is generally warm fermented, such as dry stout, oatmeal stout, milk stout and imperial stout.

The first known use of the word "stout" for beer is in a document dated 1677 in the Egerton Manuscripts, referring to its strength. Porters were brewed to a variety of strengths, with the stronger beers called "stout porters". The history and development of stout and porter are thus intertwined.
ARINC 717
ARINC 717 is a standard that defines the data format of digital flight data recorders, issued by the company Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC). It specifies the communication between various avionics systems and sensors and the flight data recorder.
It replaces the older ARINC 573 standard, which was based on analog inputs. It allows for more data and real-time recording.

Digital Expandable Flight Data Acquisition and Recording System (DEFDARS) flight recorder output signals include the following:

Primary Output – ARINC 717 Harvard biphase encoding

Auxiliary Output – ARINC 429 (DITS) bi-polar encoding

ARINC 747 defines an alternate solid state recorder that can be used with an ARINC 717 installation.

DEFDARS includes the following component functions

Digital Flight Acquisition Unit (DFAU)

Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR)

Accelerometer

Flight Data Entry Panel (optional) for entry of flight data

ARINC 429
ARINC 429, the "Mark 33 Digital Information Transfer System (DITS)," is the ARINC technical standard for the predominant avionics data bus used on most higher-end commercial and transport aircraft. It defines the physical and electrical interfaces of a two-wire data bus and a data protocol to support an aircraft's avionics local area network.
Concession, Nova Scotia
Concession (/kɒnˈsɛsioʊn/) is a small rural residential village located in the Clare District of Digby County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It encompasses a sprawling forested area featuring many lakes and streams. These include Belliveau Lake, Victor Lake, Spectacle Lake, Lac D'en Bas, and the Meteghan River.

Its inhabitants are mostly situated on the axis of the Patrice and Second Division Roads and along the lake shores.

Municipality of the District of Clare
Clare, officially named the Municipality of the District of Clare, is a district municipality  in south Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.
2012 Washington gubernatorial election
The 2012 Washington gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2012. Candidates in the election were chosen in an August 7, 2012 primary election, under the state's nonpartisan blanket primary system, which allows voters to vote for any candidate running in the race, regardless of party affiliation. The two candidates who received the most votes in the primary election qualified for the general election.

Incumbent Governor Christine Gregoire decided to retire rather than seek a third term. She endorsed fellow Democrat Jay Inslee, a U.S. Congressman, as her successor. On March 20, 2012, Inslee resigned from Congress in order to focus on his gubernatorial campaign.

Inslee and Republican Rob McKenna, the Attorney General of Washington, advanced to the general election. Inslee narrowly won the election, and McKenna conceded three days later.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
Vivo V20
The Vivo V20, V20 Pro, and V20 SE are series of mid-range Android smartphones developed and manufactured by Vivo. The Vivo V20 Pro was introduced on September 22, 2020, the V20 SE on September 24, 2020, and the standard V20 on September 30. Additionally, on December 24, 2020, the Vivo V20 2021, a variation of the Vivo V20 with an improved processor, was introduced in India.

Vivo (technology company)
Vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., d/b/a vivo (stylized as all lowercase), is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Dongguan, Guangdong, that designs and develops smartphones, smartphone accessories, software, and online services. The company develops software for its phones, distributed through its V-Appstore, with iManager included in their proprietary, Android-based operating system, Origin OS in mainland China, and Funtouch OS elsewhere. It has 40,000 employees, with 10 R&D centers in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Nanjing, Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Xi'an, Taipei, Tokyo, and San Diego.
Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Score
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Score is an annual award given to the composer and/or lyricist of a musical or play on Broadway or Off-Broadway, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. The award has been given out since the 2005-2006 season.

Since its inception, no composer or lyricist has won the award more than once, while John Kander, Fred Ebb, Jeanine Tesori, David Yazbek and Alan Menken are all tied for the most nominations, with four each.

Pasek and Paul
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, known together as Pasek and Paul, are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films and television.

While Pasek usually writes lyrics and Paul usually writes music, they share credit for both elements. Both are graduates of the University of Michigan and winners of the American Theatre Wing's 2007 Jonathan Larson Grant, which honors achievement by composers, lyricists and librettists.

In September 2024, the duo became the 20th and 21st EGOT winners, breaking Robert Lopez's record for the fastest EGOT interval; the duo's interval was 7 years 7 months. Lopez & Pasek and Paul are also the three youngest EGOT winners, all at 39 years old, with Paul being just one week younger than John Legend.
Cunninghamella binarieae
Cunninghamella binarieae is a species of fungus in the family Cunninghamellaceae. It was described as new to science by mycologist Ru-Yong Zheng in 2001. It is closely related to Cunninghamella bertholletiae, with which it shares many similar morphological characteristics.

Cunninghamella bertholletiae
Cunninghamella bertholletiae is a species of zygomycetous fungi in the order Mucorales. It is found globally, with increased prevalence in Mediterranean and subtropical climates. It typically grows as a saprotroph and is found in a wide variety of substrates, including soil, fruits, vegetables, nuts, crops, and human and animal waste. Although infections are still rare, C. betholletiae is emerging as an opportunistic human pathogen, predominantly in immunocompromised people, leukemia patients, and people with uncontrolled diabetes. Cunninghamella bertholletiae infections are often highly invasive, and can be more difficult to treat with antifungal drugs than infections with other species of the Mucorales, making prompt and accurate recognition and diagnosis of mycoses caused by this fungus an important medical step for treatment.
Salma, Syria
Salma (Arabic: سَلْمَىٰ, romanized: Salmā) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located northeast of Latakia. Nearby localities include Mashqita and Ayn al-Bayda to the west, al-Haffah to the southwest, Aramo and Slinfah 12 km to the south, and Kinsabba to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Salma had a population of 2,131 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants and those of the Jabal al-Akrad area are predominantly Sunni Muslims, although about 60% of the Latakia District's residents are Alawites.

Al-Haffah
Al-Haffah (Arabic: ٱلْحَفَّة, romanized: al-Ḥaffa) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located 33 kilometers (21 mi) east of Latakia. It is the center of al-Haffah District, one of the four districts (mantiqah) of the Latakia Goverorate. Al-Haffah's population was 4,298 in the 2004 census by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and the al-Haffah subdistrict (nahiya) had a population of 23,347. About 90% of the town's inhabitants are Sunni Muslims, while Christians constitute about 10% of the population. The communities have lived together in al-Haffah for centuries. The residents of al-Haffah are largely involved in agriculture. The town grows many types of fruits such as olives, figs, pomegranates, apples and pears.
Bukowiec, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Bukowiec [buˈkɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelechlinek, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Żelechlinek, 21 km (13 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 43 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Żelechlinek
Żelechlinek [ʐɛlɛˈxlinɛk] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żelechlinek. It lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 40 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
Viking Coastal Trail
The Viking Coastal Trail is a 25-mile multi-user route around the Isle of Thanet, keeping as close as is possible to the coast. It is also Regional Route 15 of the National Cycle Network. From Reculver (going clock-wise), the trail passes through Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate to reach Pegwell Bay, where Vikings first landed in Kent.  The Trail then, uses an inland route on quiet lanes (except the short section beside the A299), passing through a couple of villages with ancient churches including Minster-in-Thanet Abbey and St Nicholas at Wade, to return to Reculver.

Pegwell Bay
Pegwell Bay is a shallow inlet in the English Channel coast astride the estuary of the River Stour north of Sandwich Bay, between Ramsgate and Sandwich in Kent. Part of the bay is a nature reserve, with seashore habitats including mudflats and salt marsh with migrating waders and wildfowl. The public can access the nature reserve via Pegwell Bay Country Park, which is off the A256 Ramsgate to Dover road.
Stephen Parkinson, Baron Parkinson of Whitley Bay
Stephen Parkinson, Baron Parkinson of Whitley Bay (born 30 June 1983) is a British Conservative member of the House of Lords who served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Arts, Heritage and Libraries from March 2022 to July 2024.

Lord Parkinson was previously a Special Adviser to Theresa May when she was Home Secretary and Prime Minister, and previously a think tank researcher and lobbyist.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
2010 Tokyo Marathon
The 2010 Tokyo Marathon (Japanese: 東京マラソン 2010) was the fourth edition of the annual marathon race in Tokyo, Japan and was held on Sunday, 28 February. The men's race was won by home athlete Masakazu Fujiwara in a time of 2:12:19, while the women's race was won by Russia's Alevtina Biktimirova in 2:34:39.

Tokyo Marathon
The Tokyo Marathon (東京マラソン, Tōkyō Marason) is an annual marathon sporting event in Tokyo, Japan. It is a World Athletics Platinum Label marathon and one of the seven World Marathon Majors. The latest edition of the race took place on 2 March 2025. It is sponsored by Tokyo Metro.
Decree 349
Decree 349 is a 2018 Cuban law requiring artists to obtain advance permission for public and private exhibitions and performances. The law was first proposed April 20, 2018 by Cuban president Miguel Díaz-Canel, and was published in the Gaceta de Cuba on July 10.

The law gives the government the right to  shut down art and book sales, exhibitions, concerts and performances that contain prohibited content. In particular, the law bans art that contains “sexist, vulgar and obscene language” and art using “national symbols” to “contravene current legislation.” Government inspectors fine those breaking the law, and confiscate artwork that contravenes the law. Artists are also restricted from selling artwork without government approval.

The law went into effect on December 7, 2018. A group of artists named the San Isidro Movement formed in September 2018 to protest the law.

Law of Cuba
The substantive and procedural laws of Cuba were based on Spanish Civil laws and influenced by the principles of Marxism-Leninism after that philosophy became the government's guiding force. Cuba's most recent Constitution was enacted in 2019.
Royton branch
The Royton Branch was a mile-long Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built double track branch railway line in Greater Manchester, England, that ran from Royton Junction (renamed Royton in 1978) on the Oldham Loop Line to Royton.

Royton railway station
Royton railway station served the town of Royton, England. It opened on 21 March 1864, and was at the end of a short branch line from Royton Junction railway station on the Oldham Loop Line. Royton closed to goods services on 2 November 1964, and to passenger services on 16 April 1966.
World Poker Tour season 17 results
Below are the results for season 17 (XVII) of the World Poker Tour (2018–19).

Beginning this season, all televised final tables will be delayed and played at the Esports Arena at the Luxor in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Choctaw Casinos & Resorts
Choctaw Casinos & Resorts is a chain of seven Native American casinos and hotels located in Oklahoma, owned and operated by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

The original location in Durant has 218,844 sq ft (20,331.3 m2) of gaming floor, over 7,400 slot machines, and 1,616 hotel rooms. The resort has three casinos and three hotels within the complex. The South Casino was completed in 2006 with 108,844 sq ft (10,111.9 m2) of floor space, and the North Casino was completed in 2010 with 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) more floor space. Choctaw Inn has 101 hotel rooms, the Grand Tower has 204,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) of floor space, 330 rooms and suites, and is 12 floors tall. The Spa Tower was opened in 2015 as another expansion for the resort adding 286 rooms and suites. The latest Sky Tower adds 1,000 hotel rooms and suites to the property and is part of the latest expansion opened in 2021. The $860 million resort is the flagship of the Choctaw Nation gaming industry.
Felix Douma
Felix Johan Douma (August 6, 1941 – January 23, 2008) was a Canadian scholar, writer, teacher, cellist, and translator who once served as Canada's Third Secretary and Vice-Consul to the Dominican Republic.

Norfolk County, Ontario
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ NOR-fohk) is a rural single-tier municipality on the north shore of Lake Erie in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a 2023 population of 73,015. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The largest community in Norfolk County is Simcoe, whose 2021 population was 16,121. The other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi, Waterford and Port Rowan, and there are many smaller communities. For several years in the late 20th century, the county was merged with Haldimand County but the merged entity was dissolved in 2000.
Mountainous Landscape with Saint Jerome
Mountainous Landscape with Saint Jerome is an oil on copper painting by Flemish painter Paul Bril. It was painted in 1592, and is currently housed at the Mauritshuis in The Hague. The painting was acquired by the Mauritshuis in March 2013. The painting is signed and dated, and represents the earliest dated cabinet painting by Bril. The painting belongs to the period when Bril associated with Jan Brueghel the Elder in Rome, in the last decade of the 16th century. Bril's work from the 1590s has some affinity to the work by Brueghel from the same period, and in fact the painting was originally considered a Brueghel.

Oil on copper
Oil on copper painting is the process of creating artworks by using oil paints with copper as the substrate. This is sometimes referred to as "copper as canvas" because canvas is the most well known surface material used for oil paintings.
Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer
The MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) was a special-purpose digital computer used for solving systems of ordinary differential equations.  It was the first computer to represent bits using voltage levels and whose entire logic was specified in Boolean algebra. 
Invented by Floyd Steele, MADDIDA was developed at Northrop Aircraft Corporation between 1946 and 1949 to be used as a guidance system for the Snark missile.  No guidance system, however, resulted from the work on the MADDIDA, and rather it was used for aeronautical research.  In 1952, the MADDIDA became the world's top-selling commercial digital computer (albeit a special-purpose machine), six units having been sold. (The general-purpose UNIVAC I delivered its seventh unit in 1954.)

Drum memory
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria.  Drums were widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s as computer memory.

Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer.  Some drums were also used as secondary storage as for example various IBM drum storage drives, and the UNIVAC Flying head and FASTRAND series of drums.

Drums were displaced as primary computer memory by magnetic core memory, which offered a better balance of size, speed, cost, reliability and potential for further improvements.  Drums were then replaced by hard disk drives for secondary storage, which were both less expensive and offered denser storage. The manufacturing of drums ceased in the 1970s.
Samayā
Samaya (Sanskrit: समय, romanized: Samayā, lit. 'Time') or Samayam (Sanskrit: समयम्, romanized: Samayaṃ) is a Sanskrit term referring to the "appointed or proper time, [the] right moment for doing anything." In Indian languages, samayam, or samay in Indo-Aryan languages, is a unit of time.

In contemporary usage, samayam means time in Dravidian languages such as Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil, and samay in Indo-Aryan languages such as Bengali, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Futsal in England
Futsal is a growing sport in England.

Futsal in England is governed by The Football Association, via delivery partner England Futsal Limited.

The men's national futsal team was formed in 2003 and England were one of the last major sporting nations in Europe to have a national team.  The team was inactive between 2020 and 2024, but returned in December 2024 to participate in the Main Qualifying Round of the UEFA European Futsal Championships.

The women's national futsal team was formed in 2024, playing their first fixtures in October 2024.

The National Futsal Series was established in 2019 and operates as Tiers 1 and 2 of the men's and women's national futsal pyramid.

The National Futsal League was established in February 2008, and was the first official national league in England. The National Futsal League now operates as the Men's Tier 3 competition.

Futsal has become increasingly popular in England among both adults and children, and among university students.

England national futsal team
The England national futsal team represents England during international futsal competitions such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships.

The team (and sport) is governed by The Football Association and delivered by their chosen partner England Futsal Limited.

The national team was first formed in 2003, after futsal started to gain popularity in 2002.

Home matches are played at various venues around the country. Friendly matches are played with teams from other European nations, and also compete in Four Nations Tournaments each season, along with teams around Europe. England has entered the World Futsal Cup but failed to qualify in 2008.

In September 2020 the FA cut fundings for futsal and grassroots football. Therefore, the future of the English national futsal team was put into  question.

In 2024, the England men's and women's national futsal teams returned, playing in Qualifiers for their respective international tournaments.