hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thick concept
In philosophy, a thick concept (sometimes: thick normative concept, or thick evaluative concept) is a kind of concept that both has a significant degree of descriptive content and is evaluatively loaded. Paradigmatic examples are various virtues and vices such as courage, cruelty, truthfulness and kindness. Courage for example, may be given a rough characterization in descriptive terms as '...opposing danger to promote a valued end'. At the same time, characterizing someone as courageous typically involves expressing an attitude of esteem or a "pro-attitude", or a (prima facie) good-making quality – i.e. an evaluative statement.

Virtue
A virtue (Latin: virtus) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of being. In human practical ethics, a virtue is a disposition to choose actions that succeed in showing high moral standards: doing what is said to be right and avoiding what is wrong in a given field of endeavour, even when doing so may be unnecessary from a utilitarian perspective. When someone takes pleasure in doing what is right, even when it is difficult or initially unpleasant, they can establish virtue as a habit. Such a person is said to be virtuous through having cultivated such a disposition. The opposite of virtue is vice.

Other examples of this notion include the concept of merit in Asian traditions as well as De (Chinese 德).
Albig
Albig (German pronunciation: [ˈalbɪç]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in Rhenish Hesse in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Alzey-Worms
Alzey-Worms (German pronunciation: [ˈaltsaɪˈvɔʁms]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the district Groß-Gerau (Hesse), the city of Worms and the districts of Bad Dürkheim, Donnersbergkreis, Bad Kreuznach and Mainz-Bingen.
Greece national futsal team
The Greece national futsal team is controlled by the Hellenic Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in Greece and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the European Championships. The greatest achievement of the Greece national futsal team is the qualification to the second preliminary round of the European Championships of 2014. The coach of the team is Stefanos Soilemes since 2008. The players are chosen from the Greek Futsal Super League, the Futsal Championship of Greece. The last years there is a player, Konstantinos Panou who plays in Spain. As the team is in position number 81 of the Futsal World Ranking has to pass through both the first and the second preliminary round in order to play to a competition like World Cup or Euro.

Hellenic Football Federation
Hellenic Football Federation (H.F.F.), (Greek: Ελληνική Ποδοσφαιρική Ομοσπονδία; Ε.Π.Ο., romanized: Ellinikí Podosferikí Omospondía; E.P.O.), is the governing body of association football and futsal in Greece. It contributes in the organizations of the Greek Cup, Gamma Ethniki (3rd ranked men's football championship in Greece), the Greece national team and from 2025-26 season for the Greek Super Cup.
Granville Gulf Reservation
Granville Gulf Reservation protects 1,171 acres (4.74 km2)  on either side of a six-mile section of Vermont Route 100 in Granville, Vermont. The area is managed by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation and traverses the Granville Notch.

The land extends about 7 mi (11 km) along the streams, from the border of Addison County with Washington County south to about a mile north of the town of Granville. It includes the 80-foot Moss Glen Falls, which is visited by a short walk off Route 100. The Moss Glen Falls Natural Area is a 5-acre state-designated Natural Area.

A 20-acre old-growth stand of red spruce and hemlock has been designated as the Granville Gulf Spruce-Hemlock Stand, a State Natural Area.

Granville, Vermont
Granville is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. The population was 301 at the 2020 census. The town was originally called Kingston but was renamed in 1833.

Granville was one of thirteen Vermont towns isolated by flooding caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011.
Covalent superconductor
Covalent superconductors are superconducting materials where the atoms are linked by covalent bonds. The first such material was boron-doped synthetic diamond grown by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method. The discovery had no practical importance, but surprised most scientists as superconductivity had not been observed in covalent semiconductors, including diamond and silicon.

Type-II superconductor
In superconductivity, a type-II superconductor is a superconductor that exhibits an intermediate phase of mixed ordinary and superconducting properties at intermediate temperature and fields above the superconducting phases.
It also features the formation of magnetic field vortices with an applied external magnetic field.
This occurs above a certain critical field strength Hc1. The vortex density increases with increasing field strength. At a higher critical field Hc2, typically of the order of tens of Teslas superconductivity is destroyed. Type-II superconductors do not exhibit a complete Meissner effect.
18Doors
18Doors is an American non-profit organization that provides assistance to Jewish interfaith families.

The predecessor to 18Doors was an online magazine founded in 1998 with a focus on helping Jewish interfaith families. In 2001, it was renamed InterfaithFamily and expanded its content to news and resources relevant to the interfaith community. In February 2020, it was renamed 18Doors. In addition to its online magazine, 18Doors has expanded to provide training and clergy to assist interfaith families in connecting Jewish life and Judaism. The organization developed the Rukin Rabbinic Fellowship program to appoint rabbis from the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Humanist movements of Judaism to coordinate its interfaith efforts nationwide. As of April 2021, 18Doors had fellows in 22 American cities.

Interfaith marriage in Judaism
In Judaism, interfaith marriage has historically been viewed with strong disapproval by Jewish leaders and remains a contentious issue within the Jewish community. According to Halakha (Jewish law), as derived from the Talmud, marriage between a Jew and a non-Jew is both prohibited and considered void under Jewish law. The Haskalah influenced more diverse perspectives on interfaith marriage.

A 2020 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in the United States reported that 42% of married American Jewish respondents had a non-Jewish spouse. Among those who married after 2010, the intermarriage rate was 61%, rising to 72% when excluding Orthodox Jews from the data.
Yelgun, New South Wales
Yelgun is a locality in Byron Shire in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 25.5 kilometres (15.8 mi) north of the regional centre of Byron Bay and is 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) from Brunswick Heads.

The traditional owners of this land are the Minjungbal people of the Bundjalung nation.

Brunswick Heads
Brunswick Heads is a small town on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia in Byron Shire and it is 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the regional centre of Byron Bay.

It is located on the traditional lands of the Bundjalung Nation and, specifically, the Arakwal people although it also includes parts of the Minjungbal and Widjabal territories.

At the 2021 census, the town had a population of 1,686 people.
Election ink
Electoral ink, indelible ink, electoral stain or phosphoric ink is a semi-permanent ink or dye that is applied to the finger of voters (usually the index finger) during elections in order to prevent electoral fraud such as double voting. It is used in countries where voter identity documents were not standardised or institutionalised. One of the more common ink is based on silver nitrate, which can produce a stain lasting several weeks. It was first used during the 1962 general election in India. The ink was developed by the National Physical Laboratory of India, a research institute under the Ministry of Science and Technology of India, and manufactured by Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd. It is exported to more than 30 countries.

Voter identification laws
A voter identification law is a law that requires a person to show some form of identification to vote. In some jurisdictions requiring photo IDs, voters who do not have photo ID often must have their identity verified by someone else (such as in Sweden) or sign a Challenged Voter Affidavit (such as in New Hampshire) to receive a ballot to vote. Photo ID was required by 176 countries or jurisdictions for voting as of 2021.
Maxim Udalov
Maxim Lvovich Udalov (Russian: Максим Львович Удалов, born June 16, 1966, in Moscow, USSR) is the drummer of the Russian heavy metal band Aria.

In his early career, Udalov participated in Chorny Coffee and Metallachord, where he met and befriended guitarist Sergey Mavrin. Together with Mavrin, Maxim first joined Aria in 1987 and played drums on Geroy Asfalta (1987), but he left the band two years later due to ongoing conflict between the musicians and the band's manager Victor Vekshtein. Alexander Maniakin replaced Udalov. Aria soon dismissed Vekshtein and started their own company ARIA records.

Even though he wasn't an official member, he remained in Aria as a sound engineer and a session drummer. He played drums on Aria's 1998 tour when Maniakin was injured with a broken hand. In 2002, when Maniakin left Aria following Valery Kipelov, Maxim was invited back to the main lineup.

Sergey Mavrin
Sergey Konstantinovich Mavrin (Russian: Сергей Константинович Маврин, born 28 February 1963), nicknamed "Mavrick" (Маврик), is a Russian musician and composer, who is credited as one of the best guitarists of the Russian metal scene. His music style combines heavy metal, progressive metal and hard rock, and is often dubbed "MavRock".

Sergey had been a member of Aria, Kipelov, Chorny Kofe, Metallachord and Nazad v Budusheye, and founded the band Mavrik (not to be confused with Maverick), though it is considered Mavrin's solo project since its latest albums are released with "Sergey Mavrin", not "Mavrik" named on the covers.

Since 2000, Sergey has had his own radio show, Iron Curtain, on Yunost radio channel. It is dedicated to rock music.
1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Tourin were the defending champions.

On 7 October 1951, Mount Sion won the championship after a 7–08 to 0–09 defeat of Dungarvan in the final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 1949.

1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board.

Ballytruckle won the championship.
Gabriel the Marine
Gabriel the Marine was an American rock band from Long Island, New York. The band was composed of guitarist and vocalist Mike Desmond and guitarist Dominick D'Agostino, bassist Tom Costa, and drummer Tom Davis. Following its inception into the independent rock scene in 2008, the band embarked on their first U.S. tour in the summer of 2009 with A Love Like Pi and Asteria, and later opened for artists such as Taking Back Sunday, Mew, Glassjaw, Jack's Mannequin, The Sleeping, As Tall As Lions, Bayside, Mae, Anberlin, I Am the Avalanche, The Dear Hunter, and many others. Thomas Davis has since gotten a job for Sachem Central School District and occasionally switches schools such as Sachem East High School, Sachem North High School, and Seneca Middle School.

The band was known for its leanings towards jazz and classical orchestrations.

Mae
Mae (stylized mae) is an American rock band that formed in Norfolk, Virginia in 2001. The band's name is an acronym for "Multisensory Aesthetic Experience", based on a course taken by drummer Jacob Marshall while a student at Old Dominion University.
Standard probability space
In probability theory, a standard probability space, also called Lebesgue–Rokhlin probability space or just Lebesgue space (the latter term is ambiguous) is a probability space satisfying certain assumptions introduced by Vladimir Rokhlin in 1940. Informally, it is a probability space consisting of an interval and/or a finite or countable number of atoms.

The theory of standard probability spaces was started by von Neumann in 1932 and shaped by Vladimir Rokhlin in 1940. Rokhlin showed that the unit interval endowed with the Lebesgue measure has important advantages over general probability spaces, yet can be effectively substituted for many of these in probability theory. The dimension of the unit interval is not an obstacle, as was clear already to Norbert Wiener. He constructed the Wiener process (also called Brownian motion) in the form of a measurable map from the unit interval to the space of continuous functions.

Inner measure
In mathematics, in particular in measure theory, an inner measure is a function on the power set of a given set, with values in the extended real numbers, satisfying some technical conditions. Intuitively, the inner measure of a set is a lower bound of the size of that set.
Chak 288 JB
Chak 288 JB, also known as Jaimal Singh, is a village of Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.  Their postal code is 36101.

It is located at 31°3′0″N 72°33′0″E﻿ / ﻿31.05000°N 72.55000°E﻿ / 31.05000; 72.55000 with an altitude of 162 metres (534 feet). 
Neighbouring settlements include Randian and Bilasur. It is located at Gojra - Toba Tek Singh Road.

Chak 374 JB
Chak 374 JB (Urdu: راندیاں), also known as Randiah, is a village of Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 31°5'0N 72°33'0E with an altitude of 162 metres (534 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Janiwala and Kathowal.
2003 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2003 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Strasbourg, France from June 10 to June 14. The first edition of the annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.

European Union Amateur Boxing Championships
The European Union Amateur Boxing Championships is a competition for amateur boxers from the European Union and its candidate countries (thus Turkey is a leading participant).  The championships are organised by the continent's governing body, the European Boxing Confederation (EUBC). The first edition of the men's tournament took place in 2003 in Strasbourg, France and the women's in 2006 in Porto Torres, Italy. The men's tournament was held annually from 2003 to 2009 and every four years since 2014, while the women's tournament was held annually from 2006 to 2011 and every four years since 2013.
Ryōsen-ji (Nara)
Ryōsen-ji (霊山寺) is a Buddhist temple in Nara, Japan. Founded in the eighth century, the Hondō is a National Treasure and a number of other buildings and temple treasures have been designated Important Cultural Properties.

Bhaisajyaguru
Bhaiṣajyaguru (Sanskrit: भैषज्यगुरु, Chinese: 藥師佛, Japanese: 薬師仏, Korean: 약사불, Vietnamese: Dược Sư Phật, Standard Tibetan: སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླ), or Bhaishajyaguru, formally Bhaiṣajya-guru-vaiḍūrya-prabha-rāja ("Medicine Master and King of Lapis Lazuli Light"; Chinese: 藥師琉璃光(王)如來, Japanese: 薬師瑠璃光如来, Korean: 약사유리광여래, Vietnamese: Dược Sư Lưu Ly Quang Vương Như Lai), is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahāyāna Buddhism. Commonly referred to as the "Medicine Buddha", he is described as a doctor who cures suffering (Pali/Sanskrit: dukkha/duḥkha) using the medicine of his teachings.

The image of Bhaiṣajyaguru is usually expressed with a canonical Buddha-like form holding a gallipot and, in some versions, possessing blue or deep green skin. Though also considered to be a guardian of the East, in most cases, Akshobhya is given that role. As an exceptional case, the honzon of Mount Kōya's Kongōbu-ji was changed from Akshobhya to Bhaiṣajyaguru.
1955 Orpington by-election
The 1955 Orpington by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 20 January 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Orpington in Kent, England. It followed the death of the incumbent Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Waldron Smithers. The seat was held by the Conservatives.

The by-election was notable in that Sumner as the incumbent chairman of the divisional Conservative Association defeated Margaret Thatcher to be adopted prospective candidate for the local constituency. The Liberal Party announced that it would not contest the by-election.

Orpington (UK Parliament constituency)
Orpington is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Gareth Bacon, a Conservative. Created in 1945, it is the largest constituency in Greater London by area, covering the east and south of the London Borough of Bromley.
Ume Sámi
Ume Sámi (Ume Sami: Ubmejesámiengiälla, Norwegian: Umesamisk, Swedish: Umesamiska) is a Sámi language spoken in Sweden and formerly in Norway. According to UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010), there are fewer than 20 speakers of Ume Sami. It was spoken mainly along the Ume River in the south of present-day Arjeplog, in Sorsele and in Arvidsjaur.

Grammatical person
In linguistics, a grammatical person distinguishes between deictic references to one or more participants in an event. Typically, the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). A language's set of pronouns is typically defined by grammatical persons. First person includes the speaker (English: I, we), second person is the person or people spoken to (English: your or you), and third person includes all that are not listed above (English: he, she, it, they). It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.
Combat sport
A combat sport, or fighting sport, is a contact sport that usually involves one-on-one combat. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent, submitting the opponent with a hold, disabling the opponent (knockout, KO), or attacking the opponent in a specific or designated technique. Combat sports share a long history with the martial arts.

Some combat sports (and their national origin) include boxing (Greek-British), Brazilian jiu-jitsu (Japanese-Brazilian), catch wrestling (British-American), jujutsu (Japanese), judo (Japanese), freestyle wrestling (British-American), Greco-Roman wrestling (French), karate (Chinese-Okinawan-Japanese), kickboxing (numerous origins, mainly Southeast Asian), Lethwei (Burmese), mixed martial arts (numerous origins), Muay Thai (Thai), sambo (Soviet/Russian), sanda (Chinese), savate (French), taekwondo (Korean), Vale Tudo (Brazilian), pankration (Ancient Greek), luta livre (Brazilian), and folk wrestling (various).

International Kickboxing Federation
The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) is a sanctioning body for kickboxing and Muay Thai based in the United States. The IKF sanctions and regulates all aspects of these sports from Semi Contact (IKF Point Kickboxing (IKF/PKB)) to Full Contact in both Amateur and professional levels. The IKF World Headquarters located in Newcastle, California, USA oversees over 2,000 IKF events a year around the world.
Mitch Wagstaff
Mitchell David Wagstaff (born 2 September 2003) is an English cricketer. He made his List A debut on 30 July 2021, for Derbyshire in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup.

Wagstaff attended Trent College.

Trent College
Trent College is a co-educational private boarding and day school located in Long Eaton, Derbyshire, between Nottingham and Derby. Founded in 1868 as a local 'middle class alternative' to the more famous public schools, it is now a coeducational school and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

It has over 1,000 pupils, including 760 pupils in the Senior School and 330 pupils in the Junior School (The Elms School).

On 28 March 2014, the governors announced that Bill Penty would be taking over as Head from September 2014 onward.
Sitcoms in the United States
Situation comedies, or sitcoms, have long been a popular genre of comedy in the US, initially on radio in the 1920s, and then on television beginning in the 1940s. A sitcom is defined as a television series featuring a recurring cast of characters in various successive comedic situations.

The first sitcom was the radio show Sam 'n' Henry, which had evolved into Amos 'n' Andy by 1928. Mary Kay and Johnny, the first American TV sitcom, premiered in 1947, and by the 1950s, I Love Lucy was leading TV viewership. Since that time, sitcoms such as The Beverly Hillbillies, Bewitched, All in the Family, Cheers, The Cosby Show, Seinfeld, and Friends have each been the highest annual rated TV series in the US for at least one season.

Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy
The Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy is one of the annual Golden Globe Awards, given to the best comedy television series. From 1962 to 1968, the category was Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series, and grouped musical, comedy and drama series in a single category. After 1968, drama series were given their own category,  the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama.
Proxibarbital
Proxibarbital (Ipronal) is a barbiturate derivative synthesized  in 1956 in Poland by Bogusław Bobrański. It has anti-anxiety  and sedative properties and is, in contrast to most barbiturates, almost without hypnotic action.  It was used as a sedative and anti-anxiety drug. It was also used in the treatment of migraine headaches in a similar manner to butalbital. It was a prescription drug available in Poland from the 1950s to the 1990s under trade name Ipronal.

Valofane isomerizes to proxibarbal in vivo.

Barbiturate
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their anti-anxiety and sedative effects, and are thus controlled in most countries due to the risks associated with such use.

Barbiturates have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") in routine medical practice, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, because of the significantly lower risk of overdose, and the lack of an antidote for barbiturate overdose. Despite this, barbiturates are still in use for various purposes: in general anesthesia, epilepsy, treatment of acute migraines or cluster headaches, acute tension headaches, euthanasia, capital punishment, and assisted suicide.