hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jason Cummins
Jason Cummins is an American economist. He is the Head of Research and Chief US Economist at Brevan Howard Asset Management, an international hedge fund management group. Cummins is the Chairman of the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee (TBAC), a government-appointed panel under The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA). Cummins also serves as a trustee on the board of The Brookings Institution and director on the board of Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Peterson Institute for International Economics
The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), known until 2006 as the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is an American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981 and has been led by Adam S. Posen since 2013. PIIE conducts research, provides policy recommendations, and publishes books and articles on a wide range of topics related to the US economy and international economics.

According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), PIIE ranked number 20 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 13 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".
Pizzo Forno
Pizzo Forno is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, overlooking Chironico in the canton of Ticino. It is to be found between Piumogna Valley, Chironico Valley and Leventina Valley. It is in pyramid form and is separate from Pizzo Campo Tencia in the east. It is visible from the municipalities of Faido, Giornico and Chironico. The north-east face is particularly striking which rises nearly 1,500 metres from the Piumogna Valley - this face is best viewed from the village of  Gribbio.

The rock is soft and is subject to frequent landslides. It is famous for its disten and staurolite crystals and for having given the surname Forni which is now common throughout the Leventina region.

Lepontine Alps
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).

The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola), the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.

The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь ру́сского языка́) is a lexicographic group name for dictionaries. The definition "explanatory" word does not necessarily appear in the title name of these vocabularies. Among the most known explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language are:

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language or Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, 4 volumes, Russian Empire, 1st edition 1863–1866

Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language or Ushakov Dictionary, 4 volumes, USSR, 1935–1940

Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov), 1 volume, USSR, 1st edition 1949

Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language
The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь живо́го великору́сского языка́), commonly known as Dal's Explanatory Dictionary (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь Да́ля), is a major explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. It contains about 220,000 words and 30,000 proverbs (3rd edition). It was collected, edited and published by academician Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Даль; 1801–1872), one of the most prominent Russian language lexicographers and folklore collectors of the 19th century.

Dal's Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian language was the only substantial dictionary printed repeatedly (1935, 1955) in the Soviet Union in compliance with the old rules of spelling and alphabet, which were repealed in 1918.
Anthony Clark (badminton)
Anthony Ian Clark (born 1 November 1977) is an English former badminton player who represented England on 106 occasions. He became only the 2nd male player ever to reach 2 finals at the same World Championships. Reaching the final of both mixed and men's doubles at the 2006 World Championships in Madrid.  Clark also won the mixed doubles title at the 2008 European Championships, Captained the England team to a bronze medal at the 2007 Surdiman Cup, and was part of the England winning team at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Bosnian Girl
Bosnian Girl is a discriminator artwork by a visual artist Šejla Kamerić that started in 2003 as a public project consisting of postcards, posters, billboards, that is exhibited either as an intervention into public space or as a black and white photograph in various dimensions. It was done in collaboration with photographer Tarik Samarah.

Srebrenica Genocide Memorial
The Srebrenica Genocide Memorial, officially known as the Srebrenica–Potočari Memorial and Cemetery for the Victims of the 1995 Genocide, is the memorial-cemetery complex in Srebrenica set up to honour the victims of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre. The victims—at least 8,372 of them—were male Muslim Bosniaks.

As of May 2017, 6,938 genocide victims had been identified through DNA analysis (conducted by the International Commission on Missing Persons) of human remains recovered from mass graves as of July 2021, 6,671 Bosnian Muslim victims had been buried at the memorial cemetery, while another 236 had been buried elsewhere.
2017–18 Liga Nacional de Básquet season
The 2017–18 Liga Nacional de Básquet season is the 34th season of the top professional basketball league in Argentina. The season started on 20 September 2017 with the Torneo Súper 20, which finished on 18 November 2017. The regular season began on 29 November 2017 and finished on 6 May 2018. Starting this season, the competition format underwent significant changes. Instead of two conferences (North and South), all 20 teams are placed in a single group and play a double round-robin, where the best 16 teams at the end of the season qualify for the championship playoffs, while the two teams with the worst record play in a best-of-five relegation series. Before the start of the regular season, the Torneo Súper 20 took place, which awarded two berths to the 2018 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol. Salta Basket was relegated after losing the playoff series against Ferro Carril Oeste. San Lorenzo won their third consecutive title, defeating San Martín de Corrientes in the finals.

Club San Martín de Corrientes
Club San Martín is a sports club based in Corrientes, Argentina. The basketball team currently plays in the Torneo Nacional de Ascenso (TNA), the second division of the Argentine Liga Nacional de Básquetbol league system.
Bonny Island
Bonny Island is a local government situated at the southern edge of Rivers State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria near Port Harcourt. Ferries are the main form of transport, though recently an airstrip has been built and it's fully functional - with flights from Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt respectively to and from the island. The local dialect spoken in Bonny Island is the ibani language.

The Kingdom of Grand Bonny is located forty kilometers southwest of Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State of Nigeria. It lies within latitude 40° 278°, longitude of 7° 1000° and borders the shores of Southern Atlantic Ocean into which its main River, the Bonny Estuary, finally flows.

It shares boundaries with the Billes and Kalabaris in the West, the Andonis in the East, the Okirikans and the Ogonis in the North and the Atlantic Ocean form the boundary in the South.

Kingdom of Bonny
The Kingdom of Bonny, otherwise known as Grand Bonny, is a traditional state based on the town of Bonny in Rivers State, Nigeria. In the pre-colonial period, it was an important slave trading port, later trading palm oil products. 
During the 19th century the British became increasingly involved in the internal affairs of the kingdom, in 1886 assuming control under a protectorate treaty. Today the King of Bonny has a largely ceremonial role.
Wada Pind
Wada Pind is an archaeological site in Nowshera District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Although some remains of the site made of clay are visible, the site dates back to Buddhist period, probably of the reign of Kushan Empire.

Nowshera District
Nowshera District (Pashto: نوښار ولسوالۍ‎, Urdu: ضلع نوشہرہ) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The capital and district headquarter is Nowshera city.
Baya, Mali
Baya is a rural commune in the Cercle of Yanfolila in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 128 square kilometers and includes the small towns of Kangaré and Dalabala, three villages and part of Lake Sélingué. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 33,519. The town of Kangaré, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, lies to the east of the Sélingué Dam, 52 km north of Yanfolila.

Yanfolila
Yanfolila is a town and seat of both the Yanfolila Cercle and the  Wassoulou-Ballé rural commune in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The town lies 272 km west of Sikasso, 164 km south of Bamako and 23 km from the border with Guinea.
Léo (footballer, born 1975)
Leonardo Lourenço Bastos (born 6 July 1975), commonly known as Léo, is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a left-back.

He spent most of his professional career with Santos and Benfica, arriving at the latter at the age of 25 and winning eight major titles, winning the same amount with the former during his two spells.

Léo represented Brazil in two Confederations Cups.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Sacred Heart Hospital (Le Mars, Iowa)
Sacred Heart Hospital, also known as the Floyd Valley Apartments, is a historic building located in Le Mars, Iowa, United States. Construction of the building began in 1921. It was designed by Sioux City architect William Steele and Riesche & Sanborn was the contractor. The five-story brick structure was completed two years later for $350,000. The Sisters of St. Francis from Dubuque operated the hospital for the next 43 years. In addition to the hospital, the building also housed Sacred Heart Nursing School from 1923 to 1938. On December 1, 1966, the City of Le Mars took over the operation of the hospital, which was renamed Floyd Valley Hospital at that time. They continued to use the Sacred Heart building. A capital campaign to build a new facility was begun in 1972, and the present hospital on Iowa Highway 3 was completed in 1976.  This building has subsequently been converted into apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Le Mars, Iowa
Le Mars /ləˈmɑːrz/ is a city and the county seat of Plymouth County, Iowa, United States. It is located on the Floyd River northeast of Sioux City. The population was 10,571 at the time of the 2020 census. Le Mars is located within America Township and is part of the Sioux City metropolitan area.
Londonderry Area A
Londonderry Area A, called Derry Area A from 1984, was one of the five district electoral areas in Derry, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected six members to Londonderry City Council, and formed part of the Londonderry constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Banagher, Claudy, Eglinton, Enagh, Faughan and Prehen. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Rural DEA.

Londonderry (Assembly constituency)
54°55′19″N 6°57′11″W﻿ / ﻿54.922°N 6.953°W﻿ / 54.922; -6.953

Londonderry was a constituency used for the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973.  Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention and the 1982 Assembly.  After the Assembly dissolved in 1986, the constituency was not used again, its area being represented by parts of East Londonderry, Foyle and Mid Ulster.

It usually shared boundaries with the Londonderry UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency).
Direct bonding
Direct bonding, or fusion bonding, is a wafer bonding process without any additional intermediate layers. It is based on chemical bonds between two surfaces of any material possible meeting numerous requirements.
These requirements are specified for the wafer surface as sufficiently clean, flat and smooth. Otherwise unbonded areas so called voids, i.e. interface bubbles, can occur.

The procedural steps of the direct bonding process of wafers any surface is divided into

wafer preprocessing,

pre-bonding at room temperature and

annealing at elevated temperatures.

Even though direct bonding as a wafer bonding technique is able to process nearly all materials, silicon is the most established material up to now. Therefore, the bonding process is also referred to as silicon direct bonding or silicon fusion bonding. The fields of application for silicon direct bonding are, e.g. manufacturing of Silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers, sensors and actuators.

Silicon on insulator
In semiconductor manufacturing, silicon on insulator (SOI) technology is fabrication of silicon semiconductor devices in a layered silicon–insulator–silicon substrate, to reduce parasitic capacitance within the device, thereby improving performance. SOI-based devices differ from conventional silicon-built devices in that the silicon junction is above an electrical insulator, typically silicon dioxide or sapphire (these types of devices are called silicon on sapphire, or SOS). The choice of insulator depends largely on intended application, with sapphire being used for high-performance radio frequency (RF) and radiation-sensitive applications, and silicon dioxide for diminished short-channel effects in other microelectronics devices. The insulating layer and topmost silicon layer also vary widely with application.
K1 tank
The K1, sometimes referred to as the 88 Tank (88 전차), is a South Korean main battle tank designed by Chrysler Defense (later General Dynamics Land Systems) and Hyundai Precision Industry (later Hyundai Rotem) for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. It is a derivative of Chrysler's M1 Abrams, tailored to meet unique ROK requirements. The K1A1 is an upgraded variant based on the GDLS technical data package with a 120 mm 44 caliber smoothbore gun, and is outfitted with more modern electronics, ballistic computers, fire control systems, and armor. Hyundai Rotem produced 1,511 K1 and K1A1 tanks between 1986 and 2011.

Battlefield management system
A battlefield management system (BMS) is a system meant to integrate information acquisition and processing to enhance command and control of a military unit through multiple other C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) solutions to give commanding officers, NCOs or individual vehicles better situational awareness to friendly units around them and prevent "blue on blue" incidents, provide better situational awareness to OPFOR units seen by friendly units, speed relaying of orders and thus accelerate combat operations and maneuvers, facilitating fire support orders as an enemy can be marked by a squad leader on his terminals map and then have the location relayed directly to artillery, CAS or other fire support.
Dok-7
Dok-7 is a non-catalytic cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is expressed specifically in muscle and is essential for the formation of neuromuscular synapses. Further, Dok-7 contains pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains that are critical for Dok-7 function. Finally, mutations in Dok-7 are commonly found in patients with limb-girdle congenital myasthenia.

Signal transducing adaptor protein
Signal transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves, instead mediating specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MYD88, Grb2 and SHC1.
G. G. Ponnambalam
Ganapathipillai Gangaser Ponnambalam (Tamil: கணபதி காங்கேசர் பொன்னம்பலம்; 8 November 1901 – 9 February 1977) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and cabinet minister. He was the founder and leader of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), the first political party to represent the Ceylon Tamils.

1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ceylon in 1952. It is notable for being the second and final election overseen and administered by the Department of Parliamentary Elections before its merger in 1955.
Naval rating
In military terminology, a rate or rating (also known as bluejacket in the United States) is a junior enlisted sailor in a navy who is below the military rank of warrant officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.

Military terminology
Military terminology refers to the terms and language of military organizations, personnel, and military doctrine. Much like other forms of corporate jargon, military terminology is distinguishable from colloquial language by its use of new or repurposed words and phrases typically only understandable by current and former members of the military or associated companies and agencies.
Steglitzer Kreisel
The Steglitzer Kreisel also known as the ÜBerlin Tower is a high-rise residential building in the Steglitz district of Berlin, Germany. Originally built between 1968 and 1980, the building stands at 118.5 m (389 ft) tall with 32 floors and is located in the southern area of Schloßstraße diagonally opposite the Steglitz Town Hall.

The main part of the complex is a 120 m high former administration building with 30 floors, one of the highest skyscrapers in Berlin, which housed the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district office until the end of 2007 and which has been empty since then. The base building also houses a BVG bus station with access to the Rathaus Steglitz subway station, a hotel and numerous shops; a parking garage adjoins it. The building is being converted into a residential high-rise as of 2015.

Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station
Berlin Rathaus Steglitz (in German Bahnhof Berlin Rathaus Steglitz, meaning Steglitz Town Hall Station) is the name of both a railway station on the Wannsee Railway and a U-Bahn station in the district of Steglitz in Berlin, Germany, which are close together. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, Berlin U-Bahn and numerous local bus lines.

The subway station was built in 1974 by R. G. Rümmler. A platform for the planned U10 subway line was built also; however, it is unlikely that it will be constructed (planned to Lankwitz).
2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
The 2010 congressional elections in Maryland were held on November 2, 2010, to determine who will represent the state of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives. Maryland has eight seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. The party primaries were held September 14, 2010.

As of 2024, this is the last time that Republicans won more than one congressional district in Maryland.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.

Regions of Madagascar
Madagascar is divided into 24 regions (faritra). The regions are de facto first-level administrative divisions of the country, although they are formally subordinate to the six provinces.

The subdivision of Madagascar's provinces into regions dates to 2004, when 22 regions were established. In 2021, Vatovavy-Fitovinany was split into the regions of Fitovinany and Vatovavy. The law creating Ambatosoa from the northern part of Analanjirofo was enacted in 2023 and the new region was inaugurated in 2025.

The table below records the area of the regions using the current borders, along with the population within those borders as recorded in the 2018 census.