hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boyles Terminal Subdivision
The Boyles Terminal Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Alabama. The line runs from New Castle, Alabama, to Hoover, Alabama, for a total of 17.3 miles. At its north end it continues south from the S&NA North Subdivision which is part of the Nashville Division and at its south end it continues south as the S&NA South Subdivision.

Nashville Division
The Nashville Division is a railroad division operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and Tennessee. The Nashville Division has fourteen subdivisions.

The subdivisions within the Nashville Division are as follows:

Bruceton Subdivision

CE&D Subdivision

Chattanooga Subdivision

Danville Secondary Subdivision

Decatur Subdivision

Evansville Terminal Subdivision

Henderson Subdivision

Memphis Subdivision

Memphis Terminal Subdivision

Nashville Subdivision

Nashville Terminal Subdivision

O&N Subdivision

S&NA North Subdivision

St. Louis Subdivision (Leased to EVWR)
Ron Sommer
Ron Sommer (Hebrew: רון סאמר) is an Austrian business executive who was the former CEO of Deutsche Telekom. Sommer is Chairman of the International Advisory Council of the Russian Sistema Group, where he was elected to the Executive Board in June 2005.

Sistema
AFK Sistema PAO is a large Russian conglomerate company, founded by Vladimir Yevtushenkov, who was chairman of the corporation's board of directors until 2022. In April, Yevtushenkov's shareholding in Sistema decreased to 49.2%, and he also stepped down from Sistema's board of directors.

Sistema has its headquarters in Moscow. The company's global depository receipts (GDRs) traded on the London Stock Exchange from 2005 until delisting in May 2023. It has been under US sanctions since November 2023.
Comparison between Ido and Interlingua
Ido and Interlingua are two constructed languages created in the 20th century, Ido circa 1910 and Interlingua circa 1940. Both have had some measure of success, but Interlingua has enjoyed greater diffusion and acceptance by public and private institutions—it is taught in many high schools and universities, for example. Ido was developed by a small committee from Reformed Esperanto, whereas Interlingua was developed from scratch by an American organization, the IALA.

Ido is what is called schematic (easier to learn for speakers of very different languages), whereas Interlingua is what is called naturalistic (easier to understand for speakers of related languages).

International Auxiliary Language Association
The International Auxiliary Language Association, Inc. (IALA) was an American organisation founded in 1924 to "promote widespread study, discussion and publicity of all questions involved in the establishment of an auxiliary language, together with research and experiment that may hasten such establishment in an intelligent manner and on stable foundations."  Although it was created to determine which auxiliary language of a wide field of contenders was best suited for international communication, it eventually determined that none of them was up to the task and developed its own language, Interlingua.

The IALA continued to publish materials in and about Interlingua until 1953, when its activities were taken up by the new Interlingua Division of Science Service. The IALA was dissolved sometime after 1956.
Swift 014.a
The Swift 014.a is an open-wheel formula racing car, designed, developed and built by American company Swift Engineering, for the Formula Atlantic spec-series, between 2002 and 2005. It was powered by a naturally aspirated 1.6 L (98 cu in) Toyota 4A-GE, but also used a 2.0 L (120 cu in) Mazda MZR. This drove the rear wheels through a 5-speed Hewland sequential gearbox. It was eventually succeeded by the 016.a in 2006.

Formula Atlantic
Formula Atlantic is a specification of open-wheel racing car developed in the 1970s. It was used in professional racing through the IMSA Atlantic Championship until 2009 and is currently primarily used in amateur racing through Sports Car Club of America Formula Atlantic.
Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2023
The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Its data, published by Billboard magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay and streaming. At the end of a year, Billboard will publish an annual list of the 100 most successful songs throughout that year on the Hot 100 chart based on the information. For 2023, the list was published on November 21, calculated with data from November 19, 2022, to October 21, 2023. This means, only 49 weeks, making the dates coincide with the tracking period used for the 2023 Billboard Music Awards.

2023 Billboard Music Awards
The 2023 Billboard Music Awards were held on November 19, 2023. The show aired live on Billboard's website and social media pages. Nominations across 71 categories—for releases during the period dated to November 19, 2022, through October 21, 2023—were announced online on October 26, 2023. Taylor Swift received the most nominations of any artist, with 20. Morgan Wallen was awarded the most honors of the night, with 11 wins followed by Swift who won 10 awards.
Agios Sozomenos
Agios Sozomenos (Greek: Αγιος Σωζόμενος Turkish: Arpalık (lit. "place of barley")) is a deserted village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, close to the Green Line and near Potamia. It is located at the confluence of the Alikos river with the Gialias, the second-longest river of Cyprus.

The village is known for the Byzantine cave chapel dedicated to the hermit saint known as Sozomenos; the never-completed Latin church of Saint Mamas; and the ruined mud-brick buildings that date to before the village's abandonment in 1964. In recent years, the site has also become a popular attraction for visitors. There have been a number of archaeological excavations near the village, including a project focused on remains from the Late Bronze Age directed by Despina Pilides of the Department of Antiquities since 2016.

Potamia, Cyprus
Potamia (Greek: Ποταμιά, Turkish: Potamya, Bodamya and Dereliköy) is a village in the north-east of Cyprus in the district of Nicosia, close to the Green Line separating it from the area of the breakaway, unrecognised Northern Cyprus. Together with Pyla and Rizokarpaso, Potamia forms one of the few remaining ethnically mixed communities in Cyprus, made up of Greek and Turkish Cypriots.
2023 Independence Bowl
The 2023 Independence Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 16, 2023, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The 47th annual Independence Bowl game featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders from the Big 12 Conference and the California Golden Bears from the Pac-12 Conference. The game began at approximately 8:15 p.m. CST and was aired on ESPN. The Independence Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding 2023 FBS football season. The bowl game was sponsored by engineering services company Radiance Technologies and was officially known as the Radiance Technologies Independence Bowl.

Independence Bowl
The Independence Bowl is a post-season National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that is played annually each December at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The Independence Bowl was named because it was inaugurated in 1976, the year of the United States Bicentennial. The bowl's current title sponsor is Radiance Technologies, per an agreement announced for the 2020–2025 editions. Only one prior edition of the bowl, in 2013, has not used Independence Bowl branding.

The 2020 edition of the bowl was canceled on December 20, 2020, due to an insufficient number of teams being available to fill all 2020-21 bowl games, following a season impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Chichihualco
Chichihualco is a city in the south of Mexico. It forms the administrative centre of the municipality of Leonardo Bravo
It is located in the centre of the state of Guerrero, about 21 kilometres northwest of the state capital, Chilpancingo.

According to Mexico’s Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal (National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development, INAFED), the city was home to 5,164 men and 5,526 women, a total of 10,690 inhabitants in 2010. It is found at an altitude of 1,141 metres above mean sea level, a latitude of 17°39′28″ north and a longitude of 99°40′35″ west.

In the local Nahuatl language, the name literally means ‘in the bosom’, translated as ‘place where they suckle’ or ‘place of the wet nurses’.

One source has it that Maria Fermina Rivera died in action in Chichihualco while fighting alongside Vicente Guerrero in February 1821, although another source disputes this.

Chilpancingo
Chilpancingo de los Bravo (commonly shortened to Chilpancingo; Spanish pronunciation: [tʃilpanˈsiŋɡo] ⓘ; Nahuatl:  Chilpantzinco (pronounced [t͡ʃiɬpanˈt͡siŋko])) is the capital and second-largest city of the Mexican state of Guerrero. In 2010 it had a population of 187,251 people. The municipality has an area of 2,338.4 km2 (902.9 sq mi) in the south-central part of the state, situated in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains, on the bank of the Huacapa River. The city is on Federal Highway 95, which connects Acapulco to Mexico City. It is served by Chilpancingo National Airport, which is one of the five airports in the state.
Carleton Place station
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) station in Carleton Place, Ontario, Canada, is a single-story train station that was built between 1921 and 1922 and currently stands at 110 Miguel Street. In 2007, it was listed in the Canadian Register of Historic Places. It is not in use as a train station anymore but is now the "Carleton Place Active Living Centre".

Carleton Place
Carleton Place is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in Lanark County, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of downtown Ottawa. It is located at the crossroads of Highway 15 and Highway 7, halfway between the towns of Perth, Almonte, Smiths Falls, and the nation's capital, Ottawa. Canada's Mississippi River, a tributary of the Ottawa River flows through the town.  Mississippi Lake is just upstream by boat, as well as by car.

The town is situated on the edge of a large limestone plain, just south of the edge of the Canadian Shield in the deciduous forest ecoregion of North America.
Nabhachara Chamrassri
Nabhachara Chamrassri (Thai: นภาจรจำรัสศรี; RTGS: Naphachonchamratsi; 5 May 1884 – 31 August 1889), was the Princess of Siam (later Thailand). She was a member of the Siamese royal family. She was a daughter of Chulalongkorn.

Her mother was Saisavali Bhiromya, daughter of Prince Ladavalya, the Prince Bhumindra Bhakdi and Lady Chin. She was given her full name by her father as Nabhachara Chamrassri Bhadravadi Rajadhida (Thai: นภาจรจำรัสศรี ภัทราวดีราชธิดา}; RTGS: Naphachonchamratsi Pattharawadiratchathida)

She had 3 siblings; an elder brother, and 2 younger sisters:

Prince Yugala Dighambara, the Prince of Lopburi (17 March 1883 – 8 April 1932)

Princess Malini Nobhadara, the Princess of Srisatchanalai (31 July 1885 – 22 December 1924)

Princess Nibha Nobhadol, the Princess of Uthong (4 December 1886 – 29 January 1935)

Princess Nabhachara Chamrassri died in her childhood on 31 August 1889, at age 5.

Saisavali Bhiromya
Saisavali Bhiromya, the Princess Suddhasininat Piyamaharaj Padivaradda (Thai: สายสวลีภิรมย์; RTGS: Saisawali Phirom), born Princess Sai Ladavalya (Thai: สาย ลดาวัลย์; RTGS: Sai Ladawan; 4 September 1862 – 24 June 1929) was a consort of Chulalongkorn, the King of Siam.
Waiau, Canterbury
Waiau is a small town in north Canterbury, in the South Island of New Zealand. It lies 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Hanmer Springs on the northern bank of the Waiau Uwha River, some 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the river's mouth. There is a small supermarket, a DIY store and a petrol station.

Waiau Uwha River
Waiau Uwha River, previously known as the Waiau River, is a river in north Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. The Waiau Uwha River rises in the Spenser Mountains and flows eastward to the Pacific Ocean. The Waiau Uwha River has the second largest catchment—3,310 square kilometres (1,280 sq mi)—of North Canterbury's rivers.

In 2018, the name of the river was officially changed from Waiau River to Waiau Uwha River, to reflect its original Māori name, and to distinguish it from the longer Waiau River in the southern South Island.
Belgorodsky Uyezd
Belgorodsky Uyezd (Russian: Белгоро́дский уе́зд; Ukrainian: Білгородський повіт, romanized: Bilhorodskyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Kursk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Belgorod.

Belgorod
Belgorod (Russian: Белгород, pronounced [ˈbʲelɡərət]) is a city that serves as the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River, approximately 40 kilometers (25 mi) north of the border with Ukraine. It has a population of 339,978 (2021 census).

It was founded in 1596 as a defensive fort on the southern border of Russia. Contested by various Russian and Ukrainian factions during World War I and the Russian Civil War, the city served as the temporary Soviet Ukrainian capital at the turn of 1918 and 1919.
Norman Hsu
Norman Yung Yuen Hsu (born October 1951) is a convicted pyramid investment promoter who associated himself with the apparel industry. His business activities were intertwined with his role as a major fundraiser for the Democratic Party, and he gained notoriety after suspicious patterns of bundled campaign contributions were reported in 2007. Subsequently he was discovered to have been a long-time fugitive in connection with a 1992 fraud conviction. After turning himself in to California authorities in 2007 he fled the state again and was quickly recaptured.

The U.S. Justice Department investigated whether Hsu illegally reimbursed political donations by associates and formally charged him with fraud. On 27 November 2007, a federal grand jury indicted Hsu on charges of violating federal campaign finance laws and defrauding investors "out of at least $20 million."

Pyramid scheme
A pyramid scheme is a business model which, rather than earning money (or providing returns on investments) by sale of legitimate products to an end consumer, mainly earns money by recruiting new members with the promise of payments (or services). As the number of members multiplies, recruiting quickly becomes increasingly difficult until it is impossible, and therefore most of the newer recruits do not make a profit. As such, pyramid schemes are unsustainable. The unsustainable nature of pyramid schemes has led to most countries outlawing them as a form of fraud.

Pyramid schemes have existed since at least the mid-to-late 19th century in different guises. Some multi-level marketing plans have been classified as pyramid schemes.
Spiroheptane
Spiroheptane refers to spirocyclic hydrocarbons with the formula C(CH2)6. The parent symmetrical member of this group of compounds is spiro[3.3]heptane, which features a pair of cyclobutane rings sharing one carbon. The parent unsymmetrical member is spiro[2.4]heptane, which features cyclopropyl and cyclopentyl rings sharing one carbon.

An early example of a spiro[3.3]heptane is the dicarboxylic acid C[(CH2)2CH(CO2H)]2, also called Fecht's acid in honor of H. Fecht, of the Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, the person who obtained this compound. His route involved alkylation of malonic esters with the tetrabromide of pentaerythritol, a method modeled after the work on spiropentane.

Cyclobutane
Cyclobutane is a cycloalkane and organic compound with the formula (CH2)4. Cyclobutane is a colourless gas and is commercially available as a liquefied gas. Derivatives of cyclobutane are called cyclobutanes. Cyclobutane itself is of no commercial or biological significance, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology.
Dennis Considen
Dennis Considen (died 1815) was an Irish-born surgeon, best known for his pioneering role in the use of Australian native plants for pharmaceutical use, especially eucalyptus oil, which he used to treat the convicts. He sailed with the First Fleet as surgeon on the Scarborough, which transported English convicts to Port Jackson, Australia, in 1788.

First Fleet
The First Fleet were eleven British ships which transported a group of settlers to mainland Australia, marking the beginning of the European colonisation of Australia. It consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three storeships and six convict transports under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip. On 13 May 1787, the ships, with over 1,400 convicts, marines, sailors, colonial officials, and free settlers onboard, left Portsmouth and travelled over 24,000 kilometres (15,000 mi; 13,000 nmi) and over 250 days before arriving in Botany Bay, New South Wales, on 18 January 1788. Governor Arthur Phillip rejected Botany Bay, choosing instead Port Jackson to the north as the site for the new colony; the Fleet arrived there on 26 January 1788. The Fleet established the Colony of New South Wales as a penal colony; the first British settlement in Australia.
Cooper Arms Apartments
Cooper Arms Apartments is a registered historic building located on Ocean Boulevard in downtown Long Beach, California.  The twelve-story Renaissance Revival apartment tower was built in 1923.  It was one of the first structures to be designated a Long Beach Historical Landmark when the city launched its historic preservation program in 1980, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.  It is currently operated as condominiums.

Press-Telegram
The Press-Telegram is a paid daily newspaper published in Long Beach, California. Coverage area for the Press-Telegram includes Long Beach, Lakewood, Signal Hill, Artesia, Bellflower, Cerritos, Compton, Downey, Hawaiian Gardens, Lynwood, Norwalk and Paramount.
Sheldon Mills
Sheldon Mills (born 5 June 1976) is the executive director, consumers and competition at the Financial Conduct Authority. He had previously been a senior director at the Competition and Markets Authority and chair of the board of trustees of Stonewall.

Financial Conduct Authority
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom. It operates independently of the UK Government and is financed by charging fees to members of the financial services industry. The FCA regulates financial firms providing services to consumers, and maintains the integrity of the financial markets in the United Kingdom.

It focuses on the regulation of conduct by both retail and wholesale financial services firms. Like its predecessor the FSA, the FCA is structured as a company limited by guarantee.: 140

The FCA works alongside the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Policy Committee to set regulatory requirements for the financial sector. The FCA is responsible for the conduct of around 58,000 businesses which employ 2.2 million people and contribute around £65.6 billion in annual tax revenue to the economy in the United Kingdom.
Pristava pod Rako
Pristava pod Rako (pronounced [pɾiˈstaːʋa pɔd ˈɾaːkɔ]) is a small settlement south of Raka in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Raka, Krško
Raka (pronounced [ˈɾàːka]; German: Arch) is a village in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. The village is known for a quality variety of onion.
Windsurfing
Windsurfing is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984.

Kevlar
Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires. It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components.

Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact, and for mooring lines and other underwater applications.

A similar fiber, Twaron, with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s. Commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is manufactured by Teijin Aramid.
Wan Hsa-la
Wan Hsa-la is a village in Mong Ton Township in Mong Hsat District, Shan State. It lies near the Salween River and is surrounded by forests, connected by road across the hills to Mong Ton and Thailand in the east. The village was the site of a battle in 1948 between the Burmese army together with the Chinese Communist troops dressed in Burmese army uniforms against the KMT, commanded by General Li.

Mong Ton
Mong Ton (Burmese: မိုင်းတုံမြို့, MLCTS: muing.tu.mrui) also known historically as Möngtung and Maington, is the capital of Mong Ton District and seat of Mong Ton Township southern Shan State in eastern Myanmar near the border with Thailand. Mong is equivalent to Township or land. "Ton"is equivalent to [Royal City]. It is located in the Daen Lao Range, in the eastern part of the Shan State, east of the Salween River. Mong Ton lies on the National Highway 22 and connected to NarrkgMuu and Ponparkyin, is also connected to Mong Hsat by National Highway 49 which begins to the north-east of the town.
Cell group
The cell group is a form of church organization that is used in many Christian churches. Cell groups are generally intended to teach the Bible and personalize Christian fellowship. They are always used in cell churches, but also occur in parachurch organizations and other interdenominational settings, where they are usually referred to as Bible study groups. In Methodism, they are known as class meetings and are a means of grace; in Catholicism, they are known as basic ecclesial communities.

The cell group differs from the house church in that the group is part of an overall church congregation, whereas the house church is a self-contained congregation.

Philipp Spener
Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church in Frankfurt.

In 1691, he was invited to Berlin by the court of Brandenburg. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the University of Halle. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors.