hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wainer Lusoli
Wainer Lusoli (born March 1, 1974) is an Italian academic, trained as a political scientist and policy analyst. He has worked on policy areas including science policy, open science, science in society, political participation, electronic democracy, digital identity, social computing and cloud computing.

From 2012 he has been a policy officer at the European Commission, DG Research and Innovation, working on the European Open Science Cloud and on Responsible Research and Innovation. From 2008 until 2012 he was a Scientific Officer and Senior Scientist at the Joint Research Centre (European Commission), Institute for Prospective Technological Studies and an honorary visiting research fellow at the University of Chester. Previously, he was a senior lecturer at the University of Chester and a research fellow at the University of Salford and at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

University of Chester
The University of Chester is a public university located in Chester, England. The university originated as the first purpose-built teacher training college in the UK. As a university, it now occupies five campus sites in and around Chester, one in Warrington, and a University Centre in Shrewsbury. It offers a range of foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate courses, as well as undertaking academic research.

The university is a member of AACSB, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Cathedrals Group, the North West Universities Association and Universities UK. It holds an overall Silver Award in the 2023 Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).

A 2021 article in Times Higher Education described the University of Chester as being the fifth-oldest higher education establishment in England, with only the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and London predating it.
Physics Forums
Physics Forums is a question and answer Internet forum that allows users to ask, answer and comment on grade-school through graduate-level science questions. In addition, Physics Forums hosts the Insights Blog which is a collaborative blog sourced from verified experts on the community.

Authors of scientific papers have used Physics Forums to write popular explanations of their research. In turn, this forum entries have been referenced by popular science news websites. Notable members and blog authors past and present include John C. Baez, Urs Schreiber, Antony Garrett Lisi. Physics Forums entries have also been cited in scientific papers.

Question and answer system
A question and answer system (Q&A system) is an online software program that attempts to answer its users' questions. Q&A software is frequently integrated by large and specialist corporations and primarily used as a community that enables users in related fields to exchange questions and respond to both general and specialized questions.

There are numerous examples of Q&A software in both open source and SaaS formats, including Qhub, OSQA, Question2Answer, and Stack Exchange. Communities such as Quora or Stack Exchange are closed source Q&A sites.
Tambov Governorate
Tambov Governorate (Russian: Тамбовская губерния, romanized: Tambovskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, and the Russian SFSR, with its capital in Tambov. It was located between 51°14' and 55°6' north and between 38°9' and 43°38' east. It bordered Vladimir Governorate and Nizhny Novgorod Governorate to north, Penza Governorate and Saratov Governorate to the east, Voronezh Governorate to south and west, and Oryol Governorate, Tula Governorate, and Ryazan Governorate to the west.

Vladimir Governorate
Vladimir Governorate (Russian: Владимирская губерния, romanized: Vladimirskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1796–1929.
Presbyterian Church in Korea (YeJangHapBo)
The Presbyterian Church in Korea (YeJangHapBo) is a Christian denomination created as the result of bringing together various Hapdong groups, both mainline and non-mainline. In 1980 No Jin-Young from the mainline group, You Je-Shun, Son Chi-So from the neutral group and Bak Dong-Sup from the non-mainline faction created HapDongBoSu. Later it was renamed to YeJangHapBo. It has 187,500 members and 300 congregations in 16 Presbyteries and a General Assembly.

The Apostles Creed and Westminster Confession is generally accepted in YeJangHapBo.

Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)
The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (GAPCK), also known as Yejang Hapdong (Korean: 예장합동) or just Hapdong, is an Evangelical Presbyterian denomination, which is the biggest Christian church in South Korea. The headquarters of the church is in Seoul, South Korea.
Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
Raimundo Díaz Pacheco (1906 - October 30, 1950) was a political activist and the Treasurer General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. He was also commander-in-chief of the Cadets of the Republic, the official youth organization within the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. This quasi-military organization was also known as the Ejército Libertador de Puerto Rico (The Liberation Army of Puerto Rico).

On October 30, 1950, a series of revolts occurred in scattered locations in Puerto Rico in opposition to U.S. colonial rule. These were known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts. On that day of October 30, Díaz Pacheco led an armed attack on La Fortaleza, the residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico in San Juan, with the intent to assassinate Governor Luis Muñoz Marín. Díaz Pacheco was shot dead in the unsuccessful attempt.

José Coll y Cuchí
José Coll y Cuchí (January 12, 1877 – July 2, 1960) was a lawyer, writer and the founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. He was a member of a Puerto Rican family of politicians, educators and writers.
Rheintalcup
The Rheintalcup is the only international artistic gymnastics tournament for male juniors and seniors in Switzerland. Since 1996, the competition takes place in Widnau in St. Gallen Rhine Valley (Rheintal). The Rheintalcup serves older gymnasts as a qualifying competition for various national and international competitions in the junior and senior sections. On a second day of competition, younger Swiss gymnasts compete there as part of the annual Ostschweizer Cup (Eastern Switzerland Cup).

Raffle
A raffle is a gambling competition in which people obtain numbered tickets, each of which has an equal chance of winning a prize. At a set time, the winners are drawn at random from a container holding a copy of each number. The drawn tickets are checked against a collection of prizes with numbers attached to them, and the holder of the ticket wins the prize.

The raffle is a popular game in many countries, and is often held to raise funds for a specific charity or event.
Clioquinol
Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin) tradename Entero-Vioform is an antifungal drug and antiprotozoal drug.  It is neurotoxic in large doses.  It is a member of a family of drugs called hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication.  The drugs have been found to have activity against both viral and protozoal infections.

8-Hydroxyquinoline
8-Hydroxyquinoline (also known as oxine) is an organic compound derived from the heterocycle quinoline.  A colorless solid, its conjugate base is a chelating agent, which is used for the quantitative determination of metal ions.

In aqueous solution 8-hydroxyquinoline has a pKa value of ca. 9.9 It reacts with metal ions, losing the proton and forming 8-hydroxyquinolinato-chelate complexes.

The aluminium complex, is a common component of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).  Substituents on the quinoline ring affect the luminescence properties.

In its photo-induced excited-state, 8-hydroxyquinoline converts to zwitterionic isomers, in which the hydrogen atom is transferred from oxygen to nitrogen.
2007 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers season
The 2007 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers season was the team's sixth season as a member of the af2.  Under coach Rich Ingold and led by quarterback Ryan Vena, the Pioneers advanced to their fourth straight playoff appearance, winning three games at home to earn a spot in the ArenaCup.  The Pioneers lost the championship to the Tulsa Talons 73–66 after the Pioneers' final pass play in the waning seconds of the game fell short.  Several members of the team were given season awards, including David Davis as 2007 Havoc Kicker of the year, Ryan Vena as Schutt Offensive Player of the Year, and Coach Ingold as Sportexe Coach of the Year.

2007 AF2 season
The 2007 AF2 season was the eighth season of the AF2. It was preceded by 2006 and succeeded by 2008. The regular season began on Friday, March 30 and ended on July 28.  The league champions were the Tulsa Talons, who defeated the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers in ArenaCup VIII.
The Raven (1963 film)
The Raven is a 1963 American comedy Gothic horror film produced and directed by Roger Corman. The film stars Vincent Price, Peter Lorre, and Boris Karloff as a trio of rival sorcerers. The supporting cast includes Jack Nicholson as the son of Lorre's character.

It was the fifth in the so-called Corman-Poe cycle of eight films largely featuring adaptations of Edgar Allan Poe stories produced by Roger Corman and released by American International Pictures (AIP). The film was written by Richard Matheson, based on references to Poe's 1845 poem "The Raven". AIP released the film as a double feature with Night Tide.

Three decades earlier, Karloff had appeared in another film with the same title, Lew Landers's 1935 horror film The Raven with Bela Lugosi.

Night Tide
Night Tide is a 1961 American independent fantasy film sometimes considered to be a horror film, written and directed by Curtis Harrington and featuring Dennis Hopper in his first starring role. It was filmed in 1960, premiered in 1961, but was held up from general release until 1963. The film's title was inspired by some lines from Edgar Allan Poe's poem "Annabel Lee".

The film was released by American International Pictures as a double feature with Battle Beyond the Sun.
Oak woodland
An oak woodland is a plant community with a tree canopy dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.). In terms of canopy closure, oak woodlands are intermediate between oak savanna, which is more open, and oak forest, which is more closed. Although the community is named for the dominance of oak trees, the understory vegetation is often diverse and includes many species of grasses, sedges, forbs, ferns, shrubs, and other plants.

Oak savanna
An oak savanna is a type of savanna (or lightly forested grassland), where oaks (Quercus spp.) are the dominant trees. It is also generally characterized by an understory that is lush with grass and herbaceous plants. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. Oak savannas typically exist in areas with low precipitation or high fire frequency and may feature poor soils. Predominant land uses include rangeland agriculture. Naturally, these savannas depend on natural wildfires (e.g. caused by lightning) to maintain their open vegetation.
Wan Tsui Estate
Wan Tsui Estate (Chinese: 環翠邨) is a public housing estate in Chai Wan, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong located at a part of former Chai Wan Estate and opposite to MTR Chai Wan station. It now has eleven residential buildings completed between 1979 and 2001.

Yan Tsui Court (Chinese: 茵翠苑) and Yuet Chui Court (Chinese: 悅翠苑) are Home Ownership Scheme courts in Chai Wan, next to Wan Tsui Estate. They have two residential blocks (built in 1983) and one residential block (built in 1999) respectively.

Chai Wan
22°16′N 114°14′E﻿ / ﻿22.27°N 114.24°E﻿ / 22.27; 114.24

Chai Wan (/ˌtʃaɪ ˈwɑːn/; Chinese: 柴灣), formerly known as Sai Wan (西灣), lies at the east end of the urban area of Hong Kong Island next to Shau Kei Wan. The area is administratively part of the Eastern District, and is a mosaic of industrial and residential areas. The population was 186,505 in 2001.
Paul McGonigle
Paul McGonigle (born 1973/4) is an Irish Gaelic football coach, manager and player for Buncrana and, formerly, the Donegal county team. He served as assistant manager of the county team during Declan Bonner's second spell as manager.

Manager (Gaelic games)
In Gaelic games, a manager or (in Irish) bainisteoir is involved in the direction and instruction of the on-field operations of a team. The role entails the application of sport tactics and strategies during the game itself, and usually entails substitution of players and other such actions as needed. At games, the manager may sometimes wear a bib with the word "manager" or "bainisteoir" adorning it. Many managers were former players themselves, and are assisted in coaching the team by a group of selectors (in Irish roghnóirí).
Age & Scarpelli
Age & Scarpelli (Italian: [ˈaːdʒe e skarˈpɛlli]) is the stage name used by the pair of Italian screenwriters Agenore Incrocci (1914–2005) and Furio Scarpelli (1919–2010). Together, they wrote the scripts for about a hundred movies, mainly satirical comedies.

The duo started working together in Totò cerca casa of 1949, and ended their collaboration in the 1980s. They worked for many famous Italian directors, like Sergio Leone (The Good, the Bad and the Ugly), Mario Monicelli (including their major work, For Love and Gold), Dino Risi, Luigi Comencini, Pietro Germi and Ettore Scola and they wrote the dialogues of many Totò movies.

In 1985, they decided to part ways, and subsequently worked separately for movies such as Boom for Age and Il Postino: The Postman for Scarpelli. Age & Scarpelli are often considered the inventors of commedia all'italiana (Italian-style comedy).

Luigi Comencini
Luigi Comencini (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi komenˈtʃiːni]; 8 June 1916 – 6 April 2007) was an Italian film director. Together with Dino Risi, Ettore Scola, and Mario Monicelli, he was considered among the masters of the "commedia all'italiana" genre.

His daughters Cristina and Francesca are both film directors.
Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor
Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor of Orléans (12th century) (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף בֶּן־יִצחָק בְּכוֹר־שׁוֹר) was a French tosafist, exegete, and poet who flourished in the second half of the 12th century. He was the father of Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans and Saadia Bekhor Shor.

Rabbeinu Tam
Jacob ben Meir (1100 – 9 June 1171 [4 Tammuz]), best known as Rabbeinu Tam (Hebrew: רבינו תם), was a renowned Ashkenazi Jewish rabbi, one of the French Tosafists, a leading authority on Halakha, and a grandson of Rashi. Known as Rabbeinu ('our teacher'), he acquired the Hebrew suffix "Tam" ('straightforward'); it was originally used in the Book of Genesis to describe his biblical namesake, Jacob.
Motorola Edge 60 series
The Motorola Edge 60 series is a line-up of Android smartphones developed by Motorola Mobility, a subsidiary of Lenovo. Released in 2025, the series includes the Motorola Edge 60,  Motorola Edge 60 Fusion (Moto Edge 60s in China), Motorola Edge 60 Stylus and the Motorola Edge 60 Pro, covering a range of mid-range to upper mid-range segments.

Universal Flash Storage
Universal Flash Storage (UFS) is a flash storage specification for digital cameras, mobile phones and consumer electronic devices. It was designed to bring higher data transfer speed and increased reliability to flash memory storage, while reducing market confusion and removing the need for different adapters for different types of cards. The standard encompasses both packages permanently embedded (via ball grid array package) within a device (eUFS), and removable UFS memory cards.
Oxford Phasmatological Society
The Oxford Phasmatological Society was an organisation from Oxford that investigated paranormal phenomena. It lasted from 1879-1885. It is considered to have been the first psychical research society.

It was founded by Edward Ridley and F. C. S. Schiller, with Charles Oman, who served as one of its four presidents. Arthur Headlam also served as president. Similarly to the Society for Psychical Research formed in 1882, it collected and investigated reports of ghosts, hauntings, and psychic phenomena.

Meetings were held in the rooms of Schiller at Balliol College.

Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.
Pedro Ferrándiz
Pedro Ferrándiz González (20 November 1928 – 7 July 2022) was a Spanish professional coach in the sport of basketball. He is most famous for having been the head coach of Real Madrid's basketball club, in the 1960s and 1970s. The International Olympic Committee awarded him with the Olympic Order in 1977. He was made an inductee of the Basketball Hall of Fame, in April 2007. In 2008, he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. He was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2009. He was also awarded with the Spanish Royal Order of Sports Merit.

Liga Española de Baloncesto (1957–1983)
The Liga Española de Baloncesto (English: Spanish Basketball League), whose top division was known as Primera División (English: First Division), was the old 1st Tier level basketball league in Spain, from 1957 to the 1982–83 season. It was organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation, and it was contested by the best clubs of the country. In 1983, the clubs decided to create the Basketball Clubs Association, and transformed the top division into the new Liga ACB, although that league was also named Primera División until 1988.
Eucalyptus rostrata
Eucalyptus rostrata is  a scientific name that has been used for two plant species and is hence a synonym for:

Eucalyptus robusta, swamp mahogany or swamp messmate

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, river red gum

Eucalyptus robusta
Eucalyptus robusta, commonly known as swamp mahogany or swamp messmate, is a tree native to eastern Australia. Growing in swampy or waterlogged soils, it is up to 30 m (100 ft) high with thick spongy reddish-brown bark and dark green broad leaves, which help form a dense canopy. The white to cream flowers appear in autumn and winter. The leaves are commonly eaten by insects and are a food item for the koala. It is an important autumn-winter flowering species in eastern Australia and has been planted extensively in many countries around the world. Its timber is used for firewood and in general construction.
Praxagoras
Praxagoras (Ancient Greek: Πραξαγόρας ὁ Κῷος) was a figure of medicine in ancient Greece. He was born on the Greek island of Kos in about 340 BC. Both his father, Nicarchus, and his grandfather were physicians. Very little is known of Praxagoras' personal life, and none of his writings have survived.

Herophilos
Herophilos (/hɪˈrɒfɪləs/; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόφιλος; 335–280 BC), sometimes Latinised Herophilus, was a Greek physician regarded as one of the earliest anatomists. Born in Chalcedon, he spent the majority of his life in Alexandria. He was the first scientist to systematically perform scientific dissections of human cadavers. He recorded his findings in over nine works, which are now all lost. The early Christian author Tertullian states that Herophilos vivisected at least 600 prisoners; however, this account has been disputed by many historians. He is often seen as the father of anatomy.
Special nuclear material
Special nuclear material (SNM) is a term used by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission to classify fissile materials. The NRC divides special nuclear material into three main categories, according to the risk and potential for its direct use in a clandestine nuclear weapon or for its use in the production of nuclear material for use in a nuclear weapon.

Uranium-235
Uranium-235 (235U or U-235) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium. Unlike the predominant isotope uranium-238, it is fissile, i.e., it can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. It is the only fissile isotope that exists in nature as a primordial nuclide.

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 704 million years.  It was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster. Its fission cross section for slow thermal neutrons is about 584.3±1 barns. For fast neutrons it is on the order of 1 barn.
Most neutron absorptions induce fission, though a minority (about 15%) result in the formation of uranium-236.
Census (Ireland) Act 1900
The Census (Ireland) Act 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c. 6) was an act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given royal assent on 9 April 1900.

The act laid down the methods for taking the 1901 United Kingdom census in Ireland. The legislative basis for the census to take place in England, Scotland and Wales was provided by the Census (Great Britain) Act 1900. The Act pertaining to Ireland was repealed in the Republic of Ireland by the Oireachtas passing the Statute Law Revision Act 1983. In the United Kingdom, it was repealed in part by the Statute Law Revision Act 1908.

Statute Law Revision Act 1908
The Statute Law Revision Act 1908 (8 Edw. 7. c. 49) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It repealed the whole or part of acts, from the Consolidated Fund (No. 1) Act 1887 to the Appropriation Act 1900.

This act was repealed for the United Kingdom by group 1 of Part IX of schedule 1 to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998.

The enactments which were repealed (whether for the whole or any part of the United Kingdom) by this act were repealed so far as they extended to the Isle of Man on 25 July 1991.

This act was retained for the Republic of Ireland by section 2(2)(a) of, and Part 4 of Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 2007.
Beaver Run Reservoir
Beaver Run Reservoir (also known as Beaver Dam Reservoir) is a reservoir in Westmoreland County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 23 miles (37 km) east of Pittsburgh. The elevation of Beaver Run Reservoir is 1,053 feet (321 m) above sea level.

The reservoir is the source of drinking water for 150,000 people, including those in Murrysville, Export and Delmont.

Fishing in the reservoir and hiking near the reservoir are not allowed, due to public health concerns.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.