hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxysternon conspicillatum
Oxysternon conspicillatum is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in both evergreen and semi-deciduous mesic forests, including disturbed habitats, ranging from near sea level to an altitude of 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the Amazon basin and Chocó of tropical South America and Panama, possibly extending as far west as the border region with Costa Rica. Both adults and young of this common and widespread beetle primarily feed on dung, but the species has also been recorded feeding on dead animals.

O. conspicillatum has been studied as a potential source for antimicrobial agents, with the possible use of its host defense peptides in the development of new antibiotics.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
History of Newcastle upon Tyne
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman Conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.

Newcastle Cathedral
Newcastle Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas, is a Church of England cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Newcastle and is the mother church of the Diocese of Newcastle.

It is the most northerly diocese of the Anglican Church in England, reaching from the River Tyne as far north as Berwick-upon-Tweed and as far west as Alston in Cumbria. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.

Founded in 1091 during the same period as the nearby castle, the Norman church was destroyed by fire in 1216 and the current building was completed in 1350, so is mostly of the Perpendicular style of the 14th century. Its tower is noted for its 15th-century lantern spire. Heavily restored in 1777, the building was raised to cathedral status in 1882, when it became known as the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas.
Kel Seliger
Kelton Gray Seliger (born June 16, 1953) is an American politician who represented the 31st district in the Texas Senate from 2004 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 30th mayor of Amarillo from 1993 to 2001 and as president pro tempore of the Texas Senate in 2017.

Mayor of Amarillo
The mayor of the City of Amarillo is the chief executive officer of the city of Amarillo, Texas. The current mayor is Cole Stanley, who was elected on May 6, 2023, and took office on May 15 of that month.
Ebrahimabad, Firuzeh
Ebrahimabad (Persian: ابراهيماباد, also Romanized as Ebrāhīmābād and Ibrāhīmābād) is a village in Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 47 families.

Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District
Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان تخت جلگه) is in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bozquchan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Firuzeh.
Asquith Xavier
Asquith Camile Xavier (18 July 1920 – 18 June 1980) was a West Indian-born Briton who ended a colour bar at British Railways in London by fighting to become the first non-white train guard at Euston railway station in 1966. Trevor Phillips, when chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality, said in 2006: "Asquith's stand against discrimination brought to light the inadequacy of early race discrimination laws and persistent widespread discrimination faced by ethnic minorities." A plaque at the station commemorates his achievement.

Race Relations Act 1965
The Race Relations Act 1965 (c. 73) was the first legislation in the United Kingdom to address racial discrimination.

The act outlawed discrimination on the "grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins" in public places in Great Britain.

It also prompted the creation of the Race Relations Board in 1966. This would consist of a chairman and two other members appointed by the Secretary of State. Its remit was to consider complaints under the Act.
Global Ocean Sampling Expedition
The Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) is an ocean exploration genome project whose goal is to assess genetic diversity in marine microbial communities and to understand their role in nature's fundamental processes. The two-year journey, which used Craig Venter's personal yacht, originated in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and terminated in the U.S. in January 2006. The expedition sampled water from Halifax, Nova Scotia to the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. During 2007, sampling continued along the west coast of North America.

Genome project
Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an archaean, a protist or a virus) and to annotate protein-coding genes and other important genome-encoded features. The genome sequence of an organism includes the collective DNA sequences of each chromosome in the organism. For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. For the human species, whose genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, a complete genome sequence will involve 46 separate chromosome sequences.

The Human Genome Project is a well known example of a genome project.
Žrnovo
Žrnovo is a village on the island of Korčula in Croatia. Korčula is an island on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea and administratively belongs to the Dubrovnik–Neretva County of Croatia. The village is situated four kilometers west of the old town of Korčula, on the D118 road.

Žrnovo is one of the oldest settlements on the island and is made up of four hamlets - Prvo Selo, Brdo, Kampus and Postrana.  The village has numerous small churches.

D118 road
D118 is the main state road on island of Korčula in Croatia connecting towns of Vela Luka and Korčula and ferry ports in those two towns, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Split and the D410 state road (from Vela Luka) and Orebić and the D414 state road (from Korčula). The road is 43.5 km (27.0 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
Precancel
A precanceled stamp, or precancel for short, is a postage stamp that has been legitimately cancelled before being affixed to mail. A number of nations of the world use precancels, typically in the form of an overprint on definitive series stamps.

Definitive stamp
A definitive stamp is a postage stamp that is part of the regular issue of a country's stamps, available for sale by the post office for an extended period of time and designed to serve the everyday postal needs of the country. The term is used in contrast to a "provisional stamp", one that is issued for a temporary period until regular stamps are available, or a "commemorative stamp", a stamp "issued to honor a person or mark a special event" available only for a limited time.  Commonly, a definitive issue or series includes stamps in a range of denominations sufficient to cover current postal rates. An "issue" generally means a set that is put on sale all at the same time, while a "series" is spread out over several years, but the terms are not precise. Additional stamps in a series may be produced as needed by changes in postal rates; nevertheless some values may be permanently available, regardless of prevailing rates; examples include 1c or 1p and $1 or £1.
Orthoceras (plant)
Orthoceras  is a  genus of orchids native to Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Two species are known:

Orthoceras novae-zeelandiae (A.Rich.) M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy - New Zealand

Orthoceras strictum R.Br. - New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand North Island, New Caledonia

Orthoceras strictum
Orthoceras strictum, commonly known as the bird's-mouth orchid or horned orchid, is a species of orchid native to eastern and southern Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. It has between two and five linear leaves and up to nine yellowish green, brownish or blackish flowers with two long, erect to spreading lateral sepals.
1902 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team
The 1902 Oregon Agricultural Aggies football team  represented Oregon Agricultural College (OAC)—now known as Oregon State University—as an independent during the 1902 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Fred Herbold, the Aggies compiled a record of 4–1–1 record. Demonstrating strong defensive capabilities, the Aggies administered five shutouts in their six games, outscoring their opponents by a combined score of 157 to 16.

Right guard John Gault was the team captain.

Fred Herbold
Fred David Herbold (September 25, 1875 – May 9, 1914) was an American college football coach at the University of Idaho and Oregon Agricultural College, (now Oregon State University).

From Eugene, Oregon, Herbold graduated with a pharmacy degree from Purdue University in Indiana in 1899. He then worked in Montana at Butte, as a chemist for a mining company, and also coached football at Butte High School that fall.
Abram Khavin
Abram Leonidovich Khavin (1914 – January 19, 1974, Kyiv) was a Ukrainian chess master.

In 1937, he took 6th in Kyiv (9th UKR-ch, Fedor Bogatyrchuk won).
In 1938, he tied for 4-6th in Kyiv (10th UKR-ch, Isaac Boleslavsky won).

During World War II, he won in Lviv in 1940 (West UKR-ch);
In 1940, he also took 10th in Kyiv (12th UKR-ch, Boleslavsky won)
and took 11th in Kyiv (USSR-ch, sf).
In June 1941, he played in interrupted (because of the German–Soviet war) tournament in Rostov-on-Don (USSR-ch, sf).
In 1944 he shared 1st in Omsk (USSR-ch, sf).
and tied for 11-13th in Moscow (13th USSR-ch, Mikhail Botvinnik won).

After the war, he tied for 5-8th at Kyiv 1948 (17th UKR-ch, Alexey Sokolsky won).
In 1951 he took 6th in Kyiv (USSR-ch, qf).
In 1952 he took 7th in Kyiv (USSR-ch, qf).
In 1954 he won in Kyiv (23rd UKR-ch).

Alexey Sokolsky
Alexey Pavlovich Sokolsky (3 November 1908 Penza Governorate, Russian Empire – 27 December 1969 Minsk, USSR) was a Russian chess player of International Master strength in over-the-board chess, a noted correspondence chess player, and an opening theoretician.
Deivapiravi (1960 film)
Deivapiravi (transl. Noble Soul) is a 1960 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Krishnan–Panju. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Padmini, S. S. Rajendran, K. A. Thangavelu and M. N. Rajam. It was dubbed and released in Telugu as Anumanam on 24 June 1961. At the 8th National Film Awards, the film won the All India Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film. It was also remade in Hindi in the same year under the title Bindya.

S. P. Muthuraman
Subbiah Palaniappan "S.P." Muthuraman, also referred to as SPM, is an Indian film director who works in the Tamil film industry. He has directed 72 films in Tamil. He was one of the most successful commercial directors in Tamil cinema. Initially he worked mainly with R. Muthuraman, Jaishankar, Sivaji Ganesan and went on to direct successful films with Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan.

S. P. Muthuraman debuted as an assistant director in the film Kalathur Kannamma (1960). He has received two South Filmfare Awards and a Best Director award from the Tamil Nadu State Government.

Since 1977, his association with Rajinikanth proved to be extremely successful, as they went on work together in 25 films. Muthuraman was mainly responsible for moulding Rajini's career and turning him into a commercial star. He was also the associate producer of the Rajinikanth starrer Sivaji.
Taiwan Broadcasting System
Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS; Chinese: 台灣公共廣播電視集團), founded 1 July 2006, is a public broadcasting group that operates 8 television channels in Taiwan. It also owns 2 (CTS and PTS) of the five major Taiwan television networks (the other are TTV, CTV and FTV).

China Television
China Television Company, Ltd. (CTV), formerly called Taiwan Daytime TV (TDT) from 1969 to 1975, is a television broadcasting company based in Taipei, Taiwan. It was established on September 3, 1968 by the then-ruling Kuomintang (KMT). The party owned the majority stake of the network. Trial broadcast started on October 9, 1969, and the channel formally started broadcasting on October 31 the same year. CTV was the first television channel to broadcast full colour television service to the whole island.
Zell im Wiesental
Zell im Wiesental (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛl ʔɪm ˈviːzn̩taːl], lit. 'Zell in the Wiese Valley') is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Black Forest, on the river Wiese, 26 km northeast of Basel, and 32 km south of Freiburg.

The town is famous for being the birthplace of Constanze Weber, wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Lörrach (district)
Lörrach is a Landkreis (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Waldshut. To the west it borders the French département Haut-Rhin; to the south the Swiss cantons Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft and Aargau.
Trellis quantization
Trellis quantization is an algorithm that can improve data compression in DCT-based encoding methods.  It is used to optimize residual DCT coefficients after motion estimation in lossy video compression encoders such as Xvid and x264.  Trellis quantization reduces the size of some DCT coefficients while recovering others to take their place.  This process can increase quality because coefficients chosen by Trellis have the lowest rate-distortion ratio.  Trellis quantization effectively finds the optimal quantization for each block to maximize the PSNR relative to bitrate.  It has varying effectiveness depending on the input data and compression method.

Rate–distortion theory
Rate–distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source (input signal) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver (output signal) without exceeding an expected distortion D.
Éric Lapointe (singer)
Éric Lapointe (French pronunciation: [eʁik lapwɛ̃t], Canadian French: [eʁɪk lapwãẽ̯t]; born 28 September 1969) is a Francophone lead singer and guitarist for his eponymous band. His band is characterized by a heavy metal style containing elements of punk, grunge, pop, and hard rock. Lapointe has released eight studio albums, three compilation albums, and two live albums.

Les Boys
Les Boys is a 1997 Quebec-made comedy film directed by Louis Saia.  It has spawned three sequels and by any measure (profit, box office or attendance) is the most successful Quebec made film series of all time, and one of the most successful Canadian-made film series of all time.
1988–89 S.L. Benfica season
The 1988–89 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica's 85th season in existence and the club's 55th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football, covering the period from 1 July 1988 to 30 June 1989. Benfica competed domestically in the Primeira Divisão and the Taça de Portugal, and participated in the UEFA Cup after finishing second in the previous league.

After leading Benfica to their sixth European Cup final, Toni remained in charge of the team. He lost Rui Águas and Dito to Porto in a controversial case known as "Ademir affair"; but new signings such as Valdo Filho, Vata, Ricardo Gomes, and Ademir Alcântara helped guide the team to the 28th league title. Despite several draws in the first half of the season, and two losses between both halves, Benfica was much more regular. Several consecutive wins opened a six-point lead over Porto, with the title arriving on 7 May. Benfica also contested the 1989 Taça de Portugal final, but lost it to Belenenses.

Rui Águas (footballer)
José Rui Lopes Águas (born 28 April 1960) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker, currently a manager.

He had highly successful spells at two of the biggest clubs in Portugal, Benfica and Porto, amassing Primeira Liga totals of 292 games and 121 goals over 12 seasons.

Águas represented the Portugal national team at the 1986 World Cup.
Abbie McManus
Abbie Mary McManus (born 14 January 1993) is an English former professional footballer who has previously played as a defender for Leicester City in the FA Women's Super League and the England national team. She has also represented England on the under-23 national team.

2019 SheBelieves Cup
The 2019 SheBelieves Cup was the fourth edition of the SheBelieves Cup, an invitational women's soccer tournament held in the United States. Featuring national teams from Brazil, England, Japan, and hosts United States, it began on February 27 and ended on March 5, 2019. Having kept the same four teams in the first three editions, 2019 was the first time that France and Germany had not taken part. They were instead replaced by Japan and Brazil, the first time teams from either the AFC or CONMEBOL had taken part.

The United States were the defending champions. England won the tournament for the first time.
Rapid Train
In Japan, rapid trains (Japanese: 快速列車, Hepburn: Kaisoku Ressha) are passenger rail services that provide express services between their origin and destination, usually stopping only at major stations. They generally do not require surcharges. In the terminology used in the Passenger Operation Regulations of Japan National Railways (JNR) and JR Group, rapid trains are included in the broad sense of the term local trains (Japanese: 普通列車, Hepburn: Futsū Ressha).

Unless otherwise noted, this section focuses on rapid trains in Japan. Also, "Commuter Rapid" (通勤快速, Tsūkin Kaisoku) and other derivatives of "Rapid" (快速, Kaisoku) are also treated.

Tobu 6050 series
The Tobu 6050 series (東武6050系, Tōbu 6050-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Tobu Nikko Line and the Aizu Line in Japan since 1985. These trains were operated by Tobu Railway and the connecting companies Aizu Railway and Yagan Railway, and provide "Local" and "Express/Section-Express" services. "Rapid/Section Rapid" services operated until April 2017. On 12 March 2022, Tobu Railway and Aizu Railway withdrew their fleets of 6050 series and 6050-100 series sets from service, respectively. Yagan Railway still has two formations of 6050-100 series, which operate on the Aizu-Kinugawa Line and the Tobu Kinugawa Line.
1976 US Open – Men's doubles
Jimmy Connors and Ilie Năstase were the defending champions but only Ilie Năstase competed that year with Vitas Gerulaitis. 
Vitas Gerulaitis and Ilie Năstase lost in the second round to Paul Kronk and Cliff Letcher.

Tom Okker and Marty Riessen won in the final 6–4, 6–4 against Paul Kronk and Cliff Letcher.

Vitas Gerulaitis
Vytautas "Vitas" Kevin Gerulaitis (July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was an American professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 3 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1978. Gerulaitis won the men's singles title at the December 1977 Australian Open, and the men's doubles title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships, partnering with Sandy Mayer. Gerulaitis also won two Italian Opens in 1977 and 1979, and the 1978 WCT Finals.
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer
The Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer was a British STOL transport aircraft built by Scottish Aviation Limited at Prestwick Airport, Scotland, during the 1950s. It was designed for both civil and military operators. It was conceived as a twin-engined version of the Pioneer light transport. Both aircraft required "an area only 30m (99ft) by 275m (902ft) in which to operate."

Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp
The Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp is an aircraft engine of the reciprocating type that was widely used in American aircraft from the 1920s onward. It was the Pratt & Whitney aircraft company's first engine, and the first of the famed Wasp series. It was a single-row, nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial design, and displaced 1,344 cubic inches (22 L); bore and stroke were both 5.75 in (146 mm). A total of 34,966 engines were produced.

As well as numerous types of fixed-wing aircraft, it was used to power helicopters, the Agusta-Bell AB.102 and the Sikorsky H-19, and a class of airship, the K-class blimp.

In 2016, it received designation as a Historic Engineering Landmark from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Rosmarinic acid
Rosmarinic acid, named after rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), is a polyphenol constituent of many  culinary herbs, including rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.), perilla (Perilla frutescens L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), mint (Mentha arvense L.), and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).

Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is an organic compound with the formula (HO)2C6H3CH=CHCO2H.  It plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in energy metabolism.  Caffeic acid is also responsible for maintaining normal levels of nitric oxide (NO) within cells.  Caffeic acid is a yellow, solid chemical compound that is structurally classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid, and the molecule consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. Caffeic acid is found in all plants as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, a naturally occurring complex carbohydrate representing the principal components of biomass and its residues. It is chemically unrelated to caffeine; instead, the shared name is related to its presence in coffee.
Outline of Bulgaria
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bulgaria:

Bulgaria is a unitary parliamentary republic located in Southeastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its capital and largest city is Sofia.

Health in Bulgaria
Bulgaria  had the third highest mortality in Europe, at 708 per 100,000 population in 2015.  The  four European regions with the highest death rates from diseases of the circulatory system were all in Bulgaria. 
In the early 2000s, the major natural causes of death were cardiovascular disease (most commonly manifested in strokes), cancer, and respiratory illness. Bulgaria has had a very low incidence rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although in 2003 the estimated rate of incidence was less than 0.1 percent of the population, in the early 2000s the number of new case reports increased annually. In 2005 some 86 new cases were reported, bringing the official total to about 600, and 58 new cases were reported in the first half of 2006. In 2010, there were 1,160 HIV-positive persons.