hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinto's Loggia
Pinto's Loggia or Pinto's Lodge (Maltese: It-Tribuna ta' Pinto - Il-Loġġa ta' Pinto), is a loggia in Qormi, Malta. It was built in 1772 to commemorate the 31st year of Manuel Pinto da Fonseca's magistracy, and it is now a landmark and symbol of Qormi.

Loggia
In architecture, a loggia (/ˈloʊdʒ(i)ə/ LOH-j(ee-)ə, usually UK: /ˈlɒdʒ(i)ə/ LOJ-(ee-)ə, Italian: [ˈlɔddʒa]) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only partial, with the upper part usually supported by a series of columns or arches.  An overhanging loggia may be supported by a baldresca.

From the early Middle Ages, nearly every Italian comune had an open arched loggia in its main square, which served as a "symbol of communal justice and government and as a stage for civic ceremony".

In Italian architecture, a loggia is also a small garden structure or house built on the roof of a residence, open on one or more sides, to enjoy cooling winds and the view. They were especially popular in the 17th century and are prominent in Rome and Bologna, Italy.
Albert Capraro
Albert Capraro (May 20, 1943 – October 5, 2013) was an American fashion designer. He graduated from Parsons School of Design and worked for Lilly Daché and Oscar de la Renta for 8 years crafting the boutique collection, before starting his own business in 1974. His clients included Betty Ford, Susan Ford, Barbara Walters, Cristina Ferrare, Polly Bergen, Tawny Little
, Phyllis George and Anne Armstrong.

Capraro died in October 2013, aged 70.

Lilly Daché
Lilly Daché (c. 1892 – 31 December 1989) was a French-born American milliner and fashion merchandiser. She started her career in a small bonnet shop, advanced to being a sales lady at Macy's department store, and from there started her own hat business. She was at the peak of her business career in the 1930s and 1940s. Her contributions to millinery were well-known custom-designed fashion hats for wealthy women, celebrities, socialites, and movie stars. Her hats cost about ten times the average cost of a lady's hat. Her main hat business was in New York City with branches in Paris. Later in her career she expanded her fashion line to include dresses, perfume, and jewelry.
Moscow Domodedovo Airport
Moscow Domodedovo Airport (Russian: Московский аэропорт Домодедово, IPA: [dəmɐˈdʲɛdəvə]) (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD), formally Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, is an international airport serving Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the city centre of Moscow. Domodedovo Airport serves regular flights across Russia and Belarus, as well as to various destinations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As of 2024 it is the 4th busiest airport in Russia and Post-Soviet states (after Sheremetyevo, Pulkovo and Vnukovo) as well as 44th busiest airport in Europe.

In 2019, following a naming contest and a presidential decree, the airport was renamed after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.

Pulkovo Airport
Pulkovo Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Пулково, IPA: [ˈpuɫkəvə], Internal code: ПЛК) (IATA: LED, ICAO: ULLI) is an international airport serving St. Petersburg, Russia. It is the 2nd-busiest airport in Russia and post-Soviet states as well as 30th-busiest airport in Europe. It consists of one terminal which is located 23 km (14 mi) south of the city centre. The airport serves as a hub for Aeroflot and Rossiya Airlines and as focus city for Smartavia. It is responsible for serving the citizens of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast, a total of 6,120,000 people.
Archeological Site 3PP142
Archeological Site 3PP142 is a prehistoric rock art site in Pope County, Arkansas.  The art at the site, which is on state-owned land, is believed to have been painted during the period of the Mississippian culture.  The 11 drawings at this site are part of a larger collection within the state that are expected to improve the understanding of Mississippian religious practices during that time.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006,

Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a collection of Native American societies that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds, and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center, located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley (for which it is named). Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point. Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539–1540 (when Hernando de Soto explored the area), with notable exceptions being Natchez communities. These maintained Mississippian cultural practices into the 18th century.
Styggehøbretindan
Styggehøbretindan or Styggehøbreatinden is a mountain in Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,232-metre (7,323 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of the village of Beitostølen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Veotinden to the northwest, Styggehøi to the northeast, Gloptinden to the southeast, Surtningssue and Blåbreahøe to the south, and Austre Memurutinden to the west.

The mountain has two peaks which are located on the north and south sides of the Styggehøbrean glacier. The highest peak is Søraustre Styggehøbreatinden in the south which reaches 2,232 metres (7,323 ft) above sea level. The northern peak is Nørdre Styggehøbreatinden which reaches an elevation of 2,167 metres (7,110 ft).

Vågå Municipality
Vågå (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɡoː]) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vågåmo. Other village areas in the municipality include Bessheim, Besstrond, Lalm, Maurvangen, and Tessand.

The 1,330-square-kilometre (510 sq mi) municipality is the 73rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vågå Municipality is the 217th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,529. The municipality's population density is 2.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Raúl Cordero
Raúl Cordero (born 1971) is a Cuban born conceptual painter. First known as part of the 90s generation in Cuba, when he started exhibiting his work mostly in Europe and the United States of America. Cordero represents through his work the "other Cuban art." Far from the standards of the Cuban Revolution art, and without falling into topics of other artists from in and out of the island, Cordero samples pretexts whimsically obtained from various referential origins (press, magazines, books, TV, photography and video) and shows us his work as a result of recycling, of a revival, creating a new reality that refers more to art than to any other apparent content.

Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana
The National Museum of Fine Arts of Havana (Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana) in Havana, Cuba, is a museum of fine arts that exhibits Cuban art collections from the colonial times up to contemporary generations.
Humber Yawl Club
The Humber Yawl Club is a yawl club founded in 1883 and so is one of England's oldest sailing clubs. It was founded on the banks of the Humber Estuary at 
Brough Haven.  The mainstays of the club in its formative years were Albert Strange and George Holmes. The club currently has more than 200 members, and holds annual events including a regatta and the Winteringham Weekend.

The Humber Yawl Club is one of a few sailing clubs in the United Kingdom to be led by a captain and mate rather than a commodore.  This was done to emphasise the informal style of the club —a rough-hewn northern Viking style, in contrast to the mannered style of the Royal Yacht Squadron.

Royal Yacht Squadron
The Royal Yacht Squadron (RYS) is a British yacht club. Its clubhouse is Cowes Castle on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.  Member yachts are given the suffix RYS to their names, and are permitted (with the appropriate warrant) to wear the White Ensign of the Royal Navy rather than the merchant Red Ensign worn by the majority of other UK registered vessels. The club's patron was Queen Elizabeth II.

The Royal Yacht Squadron entered the 2021 America's Cup in Auckland, New Zealand, with the Ineos Team UK syndicate led by Sir Ben Ainslie, but did not win. In March 2021, an entity associated with the RYS, called Royal Yacht Squadron Racing Ltd, was officially accepted as the Challenger of Record for the 37th America's Cup competition.
Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)
Beatrice is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play Much Ado About Nothing. In the play, she is the niece of Leonato and Antonio and the cousin of Hero. Atypically for romantic heroines of the sixteenth century (but see Rosalind in Love's Labour's Lost and Katherina in The Taming of the Shrew), she is feisty and sharp-witted; these characteristics have led some scholars to label Beatrice a protofeminist character. During the play, she is tricked into falling in love with Benedick, a soldier with whom she has a "merry war", after rumours are spread that they are in love with each other.

Beatrice has been portrayed by many actors including Frances Abington, Ellen Terry, Judi Dench, Maggie Smith, Tamsin Greig, Emma Thompson, Catherine Tate, Danielle Brooks, and Amy Acker.

Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)
Shakespeare in the Park (or Free Shakespeare in the Park) is a theatrical program that stages productions of Shakespeare plays at the Delacorte Theater, an open-air theater in New York City's Central Park. The theater and the productions are managed by The Public Theater and tickets are distributed free of charge on the day of the performance. Originally branded as the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF) under the direction of Joseph Papp, the institution was renamed in 2002 as part of a larger reorganization by the Public Theater.
Gbadolite Agreement
The Gbadolite Agreement, signed on December 31, 2002, in Gbadolite, Democratic Republic of the Congo, attempted unsuccessfully to end the Second Congo War. The signatories, all of which were supported by the Ugandan government, are the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), the Rally for Congolese Democracy-National (RCD-N) and the Rally for Congolese Democracy-Liberation Movement (RCD-ML).

The parties agreed to a ceasefire in the Isiro-Bafwasende-Beni-Watsa quadrangle and to immediately accept United Nations military observers in the area. It also contained guarantees of the freedom of movement of the civilian population and humanitarian organizations from one area to another.

As with previous treaties the Gbadolite Agreement failed to end the war.

Gbadolite
Gbadolite or Gbado-Lite (Northern Ngbandi pronunciation: [ɡ͡badɔlite]) is the capital of Nord-Ubangi Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The town is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the Ubangi River at the border to the Central African Republic and 1,150 kilometres (710 mi) northeast of the national capital Kinshasa. Gbadolite was the ancestral home and residence of Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, later self-styled as Mobutu Sese Seko where airport, colleges, malls, supermarkets and libraries were built by the President in a program of modernization. Gbadolite is where Mobutu led the summit that would produce the Gbadolite Declaration, a short lived ceasefire in the Angolan Civil War in 1989. By 1997, Mobutu fled to Rabat in Morocco as the rebels led by Laurent Kabila as the palaces of Gbadolite have been vandalized and looted which marked the end of Mobutu's rule over 32 years of brutal dictatorship and the collapse of Zaire.
Ferenc Esterházy (1683–1754)
Count Ferenc Esterházy de Galántha (Croatian: Franjo Esterházy; 19 September 1683 – 22 November 1754) was a Hungarian noble and politician who served as Master of the Treasury from 1746 to 1754. He is considered the founder of the Cseklész branch.

Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
Modern Hebrew grammar
The grammar of Modern Hebrew shares similarities with that of its Biblical Hebrew counterpart, but it has evolved significantly over time. Modern Hebrew grammar incorporates analytic constructions, expressing such forms as dative, allative, and accusative using prepositional particles rather than morphological cases.

Modern Hebrew grammar is also fusional synthetic: inflection plays a role in the formation of verbs and nouns (using non-concatenative discontinuous morphemes realised by vowel transfixation) and the declension of prepositions (i.e. with pronominal suffixes).

Glottal stop
A glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. It is familiar to English-speakers as the catch in the middle of "uh-oh". The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʔ⟩.

As a result of the action of the glottis, glottal vibration either stops or becomes irregular with a low rate and sudden drop in intensity.
1946 Apeldoorn Fairey Firefly crash
On 7 October 1946, a Fairey Firefly FR.1 of the Netherlands Naval Aviation Service crashed next to the Hogere Burgerschool in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. The burning fuel tank fell into the gym where 27 students were at the time. Of the 27 students, 22 lost their lives, together with the pilot Max Christern. The pilot's mother died of a heart attack later that day, after she arrived at the scene of the crash and was told about his fate.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
Disease theory of alcoholism
The modern disease theory of alcoholism states that problem drinking is sometimes caused by a disease of the brain, characterized by altered brain structure and function. Today, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is used as a more scientific and suitable approach to alcohol dependence and alcohol-related problems.

The largest association of physicians – the American Medical Association (AMA) – declared that alcoholism was an illness in 1956. In 1991, the AMA further endorsed the dual classification of alcoholism by the International Classification of Diseases under both psychiatric and medical sections.

Alcohol dependence
Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol).

In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5, which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Frances's sparrowhawk
Frances's sparrowhawk (Tachyspiza francesiae) is a small bird of prey. This species was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter. The nominate subspecies, T. f. francesiae, is endemic to Madagascar, and the other subspecies are found in the Comoro Islands. The  Anjouan sparrowhawk (Tachyspiza francesiae pusillus), also known as the Anjouan Island sparrowhawk, Ndzuwani goshawk or Joanna Island goshawk, was thought to be extinct until searches in the 1980s and in 2005 confirmed that it is still extant.

The name "Frances's sparrowhawk" commemorates Lady Frances Cole (died 1847), wife of the Cape Colony governor Galbraith Lowry Cole.

Andrew Smith (zoologist)
Sir Andrew Smith KCB (3 December 1797 – 11 August 1872) was a British surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist. He is considered the father of zoology in South Africa having described many species across a wide range of groups in his major work, Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa.

Smith was born in Hawick, Roxburghshire. He qualified in medicine at the University of Edinburgh obtaining an M.D. degree in 1819, having joined the Army Medical Services in 1816.
Hume, Scottish Borders
Hume is a village in Berwickshire, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. On the B6364, it lies 7 miles (11 kilometres) from Kelso, Roxburghshire. It is close to other villages and amenities, e.g. Brotherstone Hill, Smailholm, Smailholm Tower, Floors Castle, Stichill, Lambden, Nenthorn, Ednam, Birgham and Gordon.

Gordon, Scottish Borders
Gordon is a village in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, within the historic county of Berwickshire. The village sits on the crossroads of the A6105 Earlston to Berwick on Tweed road and the A6089 Edinburgh to Kelso road. It is 6 miles (10 km) east of Earlston and 4 miles (6 km) west of Greenlaw.

Gordon was served by trains on the Berwickshire Railway from 1863 to 1948.
Yazid III
Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك, romanized: Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; 701 – 3/4 October 744), commonly known as Yazid III, was the twelfth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 744 until his death months later.

Shura
Shura (Arabic: شُورَىٰ, romanized: shūrā, lit. 'consultation') is the term for collective decision-making in Islam.  It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other.

Shura is mentioned as a praiseworthy activity often used in organizing the affairs of a  mosque, Islamic organizations, and is a common term involved in naming parliaments.
Phasmatidae
The Phasmatidae are a family of the stick insects (order Phasmatodea). They belong to the superfamily Anareolatae of suborder Verophasmatodea.

Like many of their relatives, the Phasmatidae are capable of regenerating limbs and commonly reproduce by parthenogenesis. Despite their bizarre, even threatening appearance, they are harmless to humans.

The Phasmatidae contain some of the largest insects in existence. An undescribed species of Phryganistria is the longest living insect known, able to reach a total length of 64 cm (25.2 inch).

Diapheromeridae
Diapheromeridae is a family of stick insects (order Phasmatodea) in the suborder Euphasmatodea. As of 2025, the exact position of Diapheromeridae within Euphasmatodea is unknown - it is considered incertae sedis and not assigned to any known superfamily.

The family contains some huge species, e.g. Paraphanocles keratosqueleton which can grow to over 30 cm long.
Kulwant Singh Gill
Air Marshal Kulwant Singh Gill, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VM(G) was former Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) of Central Air Command of Indian Air Force. Commissioned into the Flying Branch of the Indian Air Force in Dec 1977. In a career spanning three decades and six years, he has held instructional, directional and command appointments, including Commandant of the National Defence Academy.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Grasleben
Grasleben is a municipality in the district of Helmstedt, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km north of Helmstedt, and 20 km southeast of Wolfsburg. The Municipality Grasleben includes the villages of Grasleben and Heidwinkel.

Grasleben is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Grasleben.

Inner German border at Grasleben, 1989

Salt mining

The Lutheran church

The catholic church

Helmstedt
Helmstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmˌʃtɛt] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Helmstidde) is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. The historic university and Hanseatic city conserves an important monumental heritage of Romanesque and Renaissance buildings, as well as numerous timber framed houses. During the German partition the nearby Bundesautobahn 2 was the site of the Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing, the most important on the former inner German border as starting point of the shortest land route between West Germany and West Berlin.
Elizabeth W. Stone
Elizabeth W. Stone (June 21, 1918 – March 6, 2002) was an American librarian and educator and president of the American Library Association from 1981 to 1982. In 1986 she was honored with the Joseph W. Lippincott Award.In 1988 she was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership. In 1998 she was honored with the Beta Phi Mu Award for distinguished service to education for librarianship.

American Library Association Honorary Membership
Honorary Membership conferred by the American Library Association is the Association's highest award. "Honorary membership may be conferred on a living citizen of any country whose contribution to librarianship or a closely related field is so outstanding that it is of lasting importance to the advancement of the whole field of library service. It is intended to reflect honor upon the ALA as well as upon the individual." The Honorary Membership award was established in 1879.

The first Honorary Memberships were bestowed in 1879 to Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University and Frederick O. Prince Trustee of the Boston Public Library.