hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persecution of Hindus
Hindus have experienced both historical and ongoing religious persecution and systematic violence, in the form of forced conversions, documented massacres, genocides, demolition and desecration of temples, as well as the destruction of educational centres.

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. USCIRF commissioners are appointed by the president and the leadership of both political parties in the Senate and the House of Representatives. USCIRF's principal responsibilities are to review the facts and circumstances of violations of religious freedom internationally and to make policy recommendations to the president, the secretary of state, and the Congress.
Lithgow Zig Zag
The Lithgow Zig Zag is a heritage-listed former zig zag railway line built near Lithgow on the Great Western Line of New South Wales in Australia. The zig zag line operated between 1869 and 1910, to overcome an otherwise insurmountable climb and descent on the western side of the Blue Mountains. It was designed by John Whitton and built from 1863 to 1869 by Patrick Higgins as contractor. It is also known as the Great Zig Zag Railway and Reserves and Zig Zag Railway. The property is owned by Department of Planning and Infrastructure (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Part of the railway line is now used by the Zig Zag Railway, a narrow gauge tourist railway.

Bank engine
A bank engine (United Kingdom/Australia) (colloquially a banker), banking engine, helper engine or pusher engine (North America) is a railway locomotive that temporarily assists a train that requires additional power or traction to climb a gradient (or bank). Helpers/bankers are most commonly found in mountain divisions (called "helper districts" in the United States), where the ruling grade may demand the use of substantially greater motive power than that required for other grades within the division.
To each according to his contribution
"To each according to his contribution" is a principle of distribution considered to be one of the defining features of socialism. It refers to an arrangement whereby individual compensation is representative of one's contribution to the social product (total output of the economy) in terms of effort, labor and productivity. This is in contrast to the method of distribution and compensation in capitalism, an economic and political system in which property owners can receive income by virtue of ownership irrespective of their contribution to the social product.

The concept formed the basic definition of socialism for its pre-Marxist proponents, including Ricardian socialists, classical economists, collectivist anarchists and individualist anarchists, as well as for Marx, who contrasted it with "to each according to his need" as the corresponding principle of completed communism.

Marginal product of labor
In economics, the marginal product of labor (MPL) is the change in output that results from employing an added unit of labor. It is a feature of the production function and depends on the amounts of physical capital and labor already in use.
Armenia–United States relations
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created an opportunity for establishing bilateral relations between the United States with Armenia and other post-Soviet states as they began a political and economic transformation. The United States recognized the independence of Armenia on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in Armenia's capital Yerevan in February 1992.

The United States has made a concerted effort to help Armenia and other NIS during their transition from authoritarianism and a planned economy to democracy and a market economy. The Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets (FREEDOM) Support Act was enacted in October 1992. Under this and other programs, the United States to date has provided humanitarian and technical assistance for Armenia.

National Assembly (Armenia)
The National Assembly of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Ազգային ժողով, Hayastani Hanrapetyut'yan Azgayin zhoghov or simply Ազգային ժողով, ԱԺ, Azgayin Zhoghov, AZh), also informally referred to as the Parliament of Armenia (խորհրդարան, khorhrdaran) is the legislative branch of the government of Armenia.
KFBD-FM
KFBD-FM (97.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Waynesville, Missouri, United States.  The station is owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC.

KFBD-FM and its AM sister station, KJPW, are the dominant news radio providers in the Pulaski County area, which includes Fort Leonard Wood, Waynesville, and St. Robert.

The stations compete with the only other station broadcasting from Pulaski County, KFLW Radio, owned by the Lebanon Daily Record and working locally from the St. Robert offices of the Pulaski County Mirror weekly newspaper.

Gary Knehans was honored by the Waynesville City Council on Sept. 19, 2013, for fifty years of service as a reporter with the radio station. Knehans was hired by the original owners of the radio station about half a year after it went on the air, originally with the call letters KJPW, and now serves as operations manager for KJPW/KFBD as well as two other stations.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Iodine trichloride
Iodine trichloride is an interhalogen compound of iodine and chlorine. It is bright yellow but with time and upon exposure to light it turns red due to decomposition with formation of elemental iodine. In the solid state is present as a planar dimer I2Cl6, with two bridging Cl atoms.

It can be prepared by reacting iodine with an excess of liquid chlorine at −70 °C, or heating a mixture of liquid iodine and chlorine gas to 105 °C. In the molten state it is conductive, which may indicate disproportionation into ions:

I2Cl6 ⇌ ICl+2 + ICl−4

It is an oxidizing agent, capable of causing fire on contact with organic materials.  That oxidizing power also makes it a useful catalyst for organic chlorination reactions.

Iodine trichloride reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid, forming tetrachloroiodic acid:

ICl3 + HCl  →  HICl4

Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.
Heiko Vogel
Heiko Vogel (born 21 November 1975) is a German football manager of Greuther Fürth.

Vogel grew up in Wachenheim and played football for his local clubs TuS Wachenheim and FC 08 Hassloch. Later he played for SV Edenkoben.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
2011 Trofeo Paolo Corazzi
The 2011 Trofeo Paolo Corazzi was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cremona, Italy between 16 and 22 May 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Blum–Shub–Smale machine
In computation theory, the Blum–Shub–Smale machine, or BSS machine, is a model of computation introduced by Lenore Blum, Michael Shub and Stephen Smale, intended to describe computations over the real numbers. Essentially, a BSS machine is a Random Access Machine with registers that can store arbitrary real numbers and that can compute rational functions over reals in a single time step. It is closely related to the Real RAM model.

BSS machines are more powerful than Turing machines, because the latter are by definition restricted to a finite set of symbols. A Turing machine can represent a countable set (such as the rational numbers) by strings of symbols, but this does not extend to the uncountable real numbers.

Model of computation
In computer science, and more specifically in computability theory and computational complexity theory, a model of computation is a model that describes how an output of a mathematical function is computed given an input. A model of computation describes how units of computations, memories, and communications are organized. The computational complexity of an algorithm can be measured given a model of computation. Using a model allows studying the performance of algorithms independently of the variations that are specific to particular implementations and specific technology.
Serbia and Montenegro men's national under-20 basketball team
The Serbia and Montenegro men's national under-20 basketball team was a national basketball team of Serbia and Montenegro, administered by the Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro. It represented the country in men's international under-20 basketball competitions. The team won a bronze medal at the 2005 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship and a gold medal at the 2006 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.

Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro
The Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Košarkaški savez Srbije i Crne Gore / Кошаркашки савез Србије и Црне Горе;), previously Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia, was a non-profit organization and the national sports governing body for basketball in Serbia and Montenegro. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia renamed to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. Until 2006, the organization has represented Serbia and Montenegro in FIBA and the men's and women's national basketball teams in the Olympic Committee of Serbia and Montenegro.

After the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro in 2006, the successor countries all set up their national federations.
Waqraqucha (Jauja-Yauli)
Waqraqucha (Quechua waqra horn, qucha lake, "horn lake", also spelled Huacracocha) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru at a small lake of that name which reaches a height of approximately 4,400 metres (14,436 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Jauja Province, on the border of the districts of Curicaca and Pomacancha, and in the Yauli Province, Chacapalpa District.

The lake named Waqraqucha lies southeast of the peak in the Curicaca District at 11°43′19″S 75°41′46″W﻿ / ﻿11.72194°S 75.69611°W﻿ / -11.72194; -75.69611.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.
Resident registration
A resident register is a government database which contains information on the current residence of persons. In countries where registration of residence is compulsory, the current place of residence must be reported to the registration office or the police within a few days after establishing a new residence. In some countries, residence information may be obtained indirectly from voter registers or registers of driver licenses. Besides a formal resident registers or population registers, residence information needs to be disclosed in many situations, such as voter registration, passport application, and updated in relation to drivers licenses, motor vehicle registration, and many other purposes. The permanent place of residence is a common criterion for taxation including the assessment of a person's income tax.

Government database
A government database collects information for various reasons, including climate monitoring, securities law compliance, geological surveys, patent applications and grants, surveillance, national security, border control, law enforcement, public health, voter registration, vehicle registration, social security, and statistics.
Frances Minto Elliot
Frances Minto Elliot  (1820–1898) was a prolific English writer, primarily of non-fiction works on the social history of Italy, Spain, and France and travelogues. She also wrote three novels and published art criticism and gossipy, sometimes scandalous, sketches for The Art Journal, Bentley's Miscellany, and The New Monthly Magazine, often under the pseudonym, "Florentia". Largely forgotten now, she was very popular in her day, with multiple re-printings of her books in both Europe and the United States. Elliot had a wide circle of literary friends including Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Wilkie Collins. Collins dedicated his 1872 novel, Poor Miss Finch, to her, and much of the content in Marian Holcolmbe's conversations in The Woman in White is said to be based on her.

Anthony Trollope
Anthony Trollope (/ˈtrɒləp/ TROL-əp; 24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist and civil servant of the Victorian era. Among the best-known of his 47 novels are two series of six novels each collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire and the Palliser novels, as well as his longest novel, The Way We Live Now. His novels address political, social, and gender issues and other topical matters. He also wrote an autobiography, a book on William Makepeace Thackeray, a book on Lord Palmerston, five travel books, and 42 short stories.

Trollope's literary reputation dipped during the last years of his life, but he regained somewhat of a following by the mid-20th century.
Shatin Centre
Shatin Centre (Chinese: 沙田中心) is one of the main private housing estates in Sha Tin Town Centre, Sha Tin District, New Territories, Hong Kong, which is near New Town Plaza Phase I, Lucky Plaza, Shatin Plaza and Sha Tin station. It comprises 8 high-rise buildings and a shopping arcade, developed by Henderson Land Development in 1981. The address for Sha Tin Centre is 2-16 Wang Pok Street.

Henderson Land Development
Henderson Land Development Co. Ltd. (Chinese: 恒基兆業地產有限公司) is a listed property developer in Hong Kong and a constituent of the Hang Seng Index. The company's principal activities are property development and investment, project management, construction, hotel operation, department store operation, finance, investment holding and infrastructure. It is the third largest Hong Kong real estate developer by market capitalisation. The company is controlled by Lee Shau Kee, who owns approximately 70.17% of the share capital as of June 2015.
Kings of Colosseum (2024)
Kings of Colosseum (2024) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view
event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW). It took place on January 6, 2024, at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and streamed live on Triller TV (formally known as FITE). It was the fourth event under the Kings of Colosseum chronology.

Additional matches were taped for "MLW Reload," a TV special named after the 2002 event, which aired on BeIN Sports USA and MLW's YouTube channel on January 20.

Kings of Colosseum
Kings of Colosseum is a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW) that was first held in 2019.

The first three events served as television tapings for, and special episodes of, MLW Fusion. The first event aired as a special live episode of Fusion, while the second event was taped behind closed doors.
2022–23 FC Bayern Munich season
The 2022–23 season was the 124th season in the history of Bayern Munich and their 58th consecutive season in the top flight of German football. In addition to the domestic league, they participated in this season's editions of the DFB-Pokal, DFL-Supercup and UEFA Champions League.

The season was notable as it was the first since 2013–14 without Robert Lewandowski, who departed to FC Barcelona and first since 2016–17 without Niklas Süle, who departed to rivals Borussia Dortmund in the same window.

2016–17 FC Bayern Munich season
The 2016–17 FC Bayern Munich season was the 118th season in the football club's history and 52nd consecutive and overall season in the top flight of German football, the Bundesliga, having won promotion from the Regionalliga in 1965 after winning the Regionalliga Süd. Bayern Munich also participated in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal, and the premier continental cup competition, the UEFA Champions League. Bayern were the reigning Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal champions, and therefore also participated in the German super cup, the DFL-Supercup. It was the 12th season for Bayern in the Allianz Arena, located in Munich, Germany. The season covers a period from 11 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.
Fusil Gras mle 1874
The Fusil Modèle 1874 or Gras was the French Army's primary service rifle from 1874 to 1886. Designed by Colonel Basile Gras, the Gras was a metallic cartridge adaptation of the single-shot, breech-loading, black powder Chassepot rifle. It was developed from 1872 to 1874 as a response to the German adoption of the Mauser Model 1871 metallic cartridge rifle.

Modified in 1880 as the M80 with an improved breechblock and in 1914 as the M14  to accommodate the 8×50mmR Lebel smokeless powder cartridge, the Gras was replaced as the standard-issue service rifle by the Lebel in 1886.

Cần Vương movement
The Cần Vương (Vietnamese: [kə̂n vɨəŋ], chữ Hán: 勤王, lit. 'Aid the King') movement was a large-scale Vietnamese insurgency between 1885 and 1896 against French colonial rule. Its objective was to expel the French and install the Hàm Nghi Emperor as the leader of a restored independent Vietnam. The movement lacked a coherent national structure and consisted mainly of regional leaders who attacked French troops in their own provinces. The movement initially prospered as there were only a few French garrisons in Annam, but failed after the French recovered from the surprise of the insurgency and poured troops into Annam from bases in Tonkin and Cochinchina. The insurrection in Annam spread and flourished in 1886, reached its climax the following year and gradually faded out by 1889.
Antonio Greppi (writer)
Antonio Greppi (26 June 1884, in Angera – 22 October 1982, in Milan) was an Italian writer, politician and dramaturge who served as Mayor of Milan from 1945 to 1951. He was the first mayor of Milan after its liberation in April 1945.

Mayor of Milan
The mayor of Milan (Italian: sindaco di Milano; Lombard: sindech de Milan) is the first citizen and head of the municipal government of the city of Milan in Lombardy, Italy. The incumbent mayor is Giuseppe Sala, a centre-left independent who won the 2016 Milan municipal election, leading a progressive alliance composed of the Democratic Party, Green Europe, and some civic lists. He won a second term after the 2021 Milan municipal election.
Māra Grīva
Māra Grīva (born 4 August 1989 in Ventspils) is a Latvian track and field athlete competing in the long and triple jump. She won a bronze medal in the triple jump at the 2017 Summer Universiade.

Her coach is her father Māris Grīva - a well-known Latvian coach, whose athlete Dainis Kūla won the Olympic gold medal at the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Her sisters Lauma Grīva, Gundega Grīva and brother Janis Svens Grīva are also athletes.

Dainis Kūla
Dainis Kūla (born 28 April 1959 in Tukums, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian former javelin thrower who represented the Soviet Union at the international level for most of his career. He is most famous for controversially winning the gold medal in men's javelin throw at the 1980 Summer Olympics, becoming the second Latvian to achieve this (after Jānis Lūsis). He is also a World Championship bronze medalist, a three-time Soviet Champion and a two-time Universiade champion.
South Elgin High School
South Elgin High School or SEHS, opened August 24, 2005, is a four-year high school located in South Elgin, Illinois, a northwest suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Elgin Area School District U46. The school is located on property formerly owned by the Kenyon Brothers Dairy Farms.

Elgin Area School District U46
Elgin Area School District U46, often referred to as "U-46", is a unit school district headquartered in Elgin, Kane County, Illinois. Covering 90 square miles (230 km2), the district serves portions of eleven communities in the northwest suburbs of Chicago in Cook, DuPage and Kane Counties. School District U-46 serves over 40,000 children in grades preK-12. The district ranks as the second largest in Illinois with forty elementary schools, eight middle schools and five high schools.

Tony Sanders was the CEO until August 2022.
2021 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
The 2021 JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 25th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Champaign, Illinois, United States between November 15 and November 21, 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Jamaican tangelo
The Jamaican tangelo, also known by proprietary names ugli fruit (pronounced "ugly") and uniq fruit (pronounced "unique"), is a citrus fruit that arose on the island of Jamaica through the natural hybridization of a tangerine or orange with a grapefruit (or pomelo), and is thus a tangelo. The original tree is believed to have been a hybrid formed from varieties of Seville orange, grapefruit and tangerine.

As a hybrid species, it is usually represented as Citrus reticulata × paradisi.

Bitter orange
The bitter orange, sour orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is the hybrid citrus tree species Citrus × aurantium, and its fruit. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. It is a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the wild type mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata. The bitter orange is used to make essential oil, used in foods, drinks, and pharmaceuticals. The Seville orange is prized for making British orange marmalade.