hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Wales
The economy of Wales is part of the wider economy of the United Kingdom, and encompasses the production and consumption of goods, services and the supply of money in Wales.

On the whole, gross domestic product (GDP) in Wales has increased since 1999, although it remains lower than the UK average. UK government and Welsh government expenditure in Wales has also increased over the same period. Wales has received funding from the European Structural and Investment Funds and the UK government has announced that this funding is being replaced by the UK Shared Prosperity Fund, although the Welsh Government has suggested that Wales is receiving less money. Wales has a negative fiscal balance, although all countries and regions of the UK also had a fiscal deficit in 2020/21. The Gross Value Added in Wales has increased since 1998, but per head remains lower than the UK average.

Gross value added
In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. "The gross value added is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector; gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the System of National Accounts (SNA) are generated and is therefore carried forward into the primary distribution of income account."
Too Hot to Handle (1960 film)
Too Hot to Handle (U.S. title: Playgirl After Dark) is a 1960 British neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Terence Young and starring Jayne Mansfield, Leo Genn and Carl Boehm. The screenplay was by Herbert Kretzmer from a story by Harry Lee.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
San Diego State Aztecs rugby union
San Diego State Aztecs Rugby Club is the rugby union club that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The men's team competes in Division 1-A in the California Conference and the women's team competes in Division II in the Pacific Desert Conference. The team plays its home games at ENS 700 Field.

The men's team won the 1987 National Collegiate Rugby Championship.

San Diego Legion
The San Diego Legion were an American professional rugby union team based in San Diego, California, that competed in Major League Rugby (MLR) from 2020 to 2025. The team played its home games at Torero Stadium. The Legion began play in the league's inaugural 2018 season.
2006 1000 km of Jarama
The 2006 1000 km of Jarama was the fifth and final race of the 2006 Le Mans Series season run by the ACO. It was run on 24 September 2006.

This race was originally scheduled to be run at Monza, but had to be moved to Jarama due to a scheduling conflict at Monza.

2006 Le Mans Series
The 2006 Le Mans Series was the third season of ACO Le Mans Series. It is a series for Le Mans prototype and Grand Touring style cars broken into 4 classes: LMP1, LMP2, GT1, and GT2. It began on 9 April and ended on 24 September after 5 rounds.
Glossary of nanotechnology
This glossary of nanotechnology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to nanotechnology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

For more inclusive glossaries concerning related fields of science and technology, see Glossary of chemistry terms, Glossary of physics, Glossary of biology, and Glossary of engineering.

Nanolithography
Nanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials.

The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.
Gmina Włodowice
Gmina Włodowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Włodowice, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Zawiercie and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 76.29 square kilometres (29.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,235.

Zawiercie County
Zawiercie County (Polish: powiat zawierciański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zawiercie, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice. The county contains five other towns: Poręba, 6 km (4 mi) west of Zawiercie, Łazy, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Zawiercie, Szczekociny, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Zawiercie, and Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie.

The county covers an area of 1,003.27 square kilometres (387.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 118,020. The most populated towns are Zawiercie with 49,334 inhabitants and Poręba with 8,525 inhabitants.
Sulaiman Damit
Sulaiman bin Damit (28 March 1941 – 8 July 2016) is a Bruneian aristocrat, diplomat, and military officer who served as the second commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) from 1990 to 1994. He later became Brunei's ambassador to Egypt from 1995 to 1998.

Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces
The Commander of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (Malay: Pemerintah Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei) is the professional head of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF). He is responsible for the overall management, administration, and the operational control of the entire military of Brunei.  The current commander is Major general Dato Paduka Seri Haji Muhammad Haszaimi bin Bol Hassan.
Armed conflict for control of the favelas
The armed conflict for control of the favelas (also known as the "civil conflict for control of the favelas") is an ongoing conflict fought mainly between police militias, drug cartels and federal (or state) security forces in Brazil.

Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State
The Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State (Portuguese: Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, PMERJ) is the military police force of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is a reserve and ancillary force of the Brazilian Army, and part of the System of Public Security and Brazilian Social Protection. Its members are called "state military" personnel.

The primary mission of PMERJ is ostensively preventive policing for the maintenance of public order in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Mostafa Mussad
Mostafa El Said Mussad is the former minister of higher education of Egypt. He was part of the Qandil Cabinet and is a member of the Freedom and Justice Party. He is described as Islamist engineering professor by Ashraf Khaled.

Qandil Cabinet
The cabinet of Egyptian Prime Minister Hesham Qandil was sworn in on 2 August 2012. Qandil was appointed by President Mohamed Morsi, following the resignation of military-named premier Kamal Ganzouri. The cabinet consists of 36 ministers. The composition of the government is mostly formed by technocrats, with five Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) members and one member each from the Al-Wasat and Renaissance parties.
2023 NSW Open
The 2023 NSW Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Sydney, Australia between 30 October and 5 November 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Đumezlije
Đumezlije (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђумезлије) is a village in the municipality of Jezero, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its population was 66 as of the 2013 census, with 32 Bosniaks and 33 Serbs, as well as one Croat. There were 33 women and 33 men as well.

Jezero, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jezero (Serbian Cyrillic: Језеро, lit. "Lake") is a village and a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 1,144 inhabitants, while the village of Jezero has a population of 581 inhabitants. A small part of the village in Jajce municipality has a population of 6.
Hippodamia (beetle)
Hippodamia is a genus of ladybirds in the family Coccinellidae. It includes the most common native North American "ladybug", H. convergens, which can form overwintering aggregations numbering in the millions. Another notable member is Hippodamia variegata, which occurs widely over both the North and South Hemispheres.

Members of the genus tend to share an elongated body form with red or orange elytra, and a black and white pronotum. Many species, particularly in North America, are highly variable to the extent that they cannot be separated without dissection in many cases.

Hippodamia convergens
Hippodamia convergens, commonly known as the convergent lady beetle, is one of the most common lady beetles in North America and is found throughout the continent. They tend to live a variety of habitats, including grasslands and forests.

Female H. convergens can lay over 1000 eggs over the span of a few months during the spring or early summer. In some populations, the beetles may undergo diapause if there are limited food resources to delay reproduction.

H. convergens eat soft-bodied insects, with aphids being the primary food resource. Aphids are a known pest, so the H. convergens has been used as a method to control aphids by releasing the beetles to act as a predator for the aphids.
Kenya women's national basketball team
The Kenya women's national basketball team represents Kenya in international competitions. Internationally they are known as the Kenyan Lionesses. It is administrated by the Kenya Basketball Federation (KBF).

2021 FIBA Women's AfroBasket
The 2021 FIBA Women's AfroBasket was the 25th edition of the tournament and held from 18 to 26 September 2021 in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The top two teams qualified for one of the qualifying tournaments for the 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

Nigeria defended their title and won their fifth overall title after a finals win over Mali. Cameroon secured bronze on home soil by defeating Senegal.
VMAQ-4
Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 4 (VMAQ-4) was a United States Marine Corps electronic warfare squadron consisting of EA-6B Prowler jets. The squadron was last based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14), and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).  The squadron was decommissioned on 2 June 2017 as the Marine Corps retired the EA-6B Prowler.

Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni
Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni or MCAS Iwakuni (岩国飛行場, Iwakuni hikōjō) (IATA: IWK, ICAO: RJOI) is a joint Japan Maritime Self-Defense Forces and United States Marine Corps air station located in the Nishiki river delta, 1.3 NM (2.4 km; 1.5 mi) southeast of Iwakuni Station in the city of Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
Sarah Mezzanotte
Sarah Mezzanotte is an American actress.  She is known for playing Marnie in the Netflix series Chambers.  She is a co-recipient of the 2017 Obie Award for Best Ensemble for her work in Sarah DeLappe's The Wolves.  She also received a special Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble for her work in The Wolves.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
Languages of North Macedonia
The official language of North Macedonia is Macedonian, while Albanian has co-official status. Macedonian is spoken by roughly two-thirds of the population natively, and as a second language by much of the rest of the population. Albanian is the largest minority language. There are a further five national minority languages: Turkish, Romani, Serbian, Bosnian, and Aromanian. The Macedonian Sign Language is the country's official sign language.

Plasnica Municipality
Plasnica (Macedonian: Пласницаⓘ, Turkish: Plasniça) is a municipality in western North Macedonia. Plasnica is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Plasnica Municipality is part of the Southwestern Statistical Region. It is particularly noteworthy in having a mostly ethnic Turkish population.
Speak & Spell (toy)
The Speak & Spell line is a series of electronic hand-held child computers by Texas Instruments that consisted of a TMC0280 linear predictive coding speech synthesizer, a keyboard, and a receptor slot to receive one of a collection of ROM game library modules. The first Speak & Spell was introduced at the summer Consumer Electronics Show in June 1978 (1978-06), making it one of the earliest handheld electronic devices with a visual display to use interchangeable game cartridges. The company, Basic Fun, brought back a variant of the second-gen classic Speak & Spell in 2019 with a newly recorded voice and other minor changes.

The Speak & Spell was named an IEEE Milestone in 2009.

Dedicated console
A dedicated console is a video game console that is limited to one or more built-in video game or games, and is not equipped for additional games that are distributed via ROM cartridges, discs, downloads or other digital media. Dedicated consoles were popular in the first generation of video game consoles until they were gradually replaced by second-generation video game consoles that use ROM cartridges.
NGC 1084
NGC 1084 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. It is located at a distance of about 63 million light-years away from the Milky Way. The galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on 10 January 1785. It has multiple spiral arms, which are not well defined. It belongs in the same galaxy group with NGC 988, NGC 991, NGC 1022, NGC 1035, NGC 1042, NGC 1047, NGC 1052 and NGC 1110. This group is in turn associated with the Messier 77 group.

Star formation in the galaxy is chaotic and not confined to the spiral arms, but the rate is not high enough to classify it as a starburst galaxy. Star formation has taken place in small bursts in the last 40 million years. The cause of this activity has been proposed as a merger with a gas-rich dwarf galaxy. A radio source has been detected 3.5' south-west of the galaxy, connected to it by a bridge.

Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Daniel Tamburello
Daniel J. Tamburello is a Republican Party politician who served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 2010 to 2016, where he represented the Rockingham 5 district.

A resident of Londonderry, New Hampshire, Tamburello grew up in Morris County, New Jersey, where he attended West Morris Mendham High School.

Tamburello was awarded an undergraduate degree from Liberty University and received a master's degree from Johns Hopkins University. He served in the United States Marine Corps.

On February 26, 2025, Tamburello was appointed acting Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis. Following the Senate confirmation of Matthew Kozma to the role, Tamburello was named acting Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Science and Technology.

Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis
The under secretary of homeland security for intelligence and analysis is a high-level civilian official in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The under secretary, as head of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis at DHS, is the principal staff assistant and adviser to the secretary of homeland security and the deputy secretary of homeland security for fusing law enforcement and intelligence information relating to terrorism and other critical threats.

The under secretary for intelligence and analysis is appointed by the president of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate to serve at the pleasure of the president.
Walter Sparks House
The Walter Sparks House, at 408 Roosevelt St. in American Falls in Power County, Idaho, was moved to its current location in 1925 by the Bureau of Reclamation, as part of a project to move much of the town of American Falls out of the way of the American Falls Reservoir.  The house and its garage were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

The house was originally built in 1907.  It is a one-and-a-half-story 25 by 34 feet (7.6 m × 10.4 m) Bungalow/Craftsman-style house on a concrete basement.  It has an 8 by 25 feet (2.4 m × 7.6 m) inset porch across its front and a rear porch which was added in 1925 after the move.  It has also been known as Houk House.

Power County, Idaho
Power County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 7,878. The county seat and largest city is American Falls. The county was created by the Idaho Legislature on January 30, 1913, by a partition of Cassia County. It is named for an early hydroelectric power plant (1902) at the American Falls.
Ed Sutton (South Carolina politician)
Ed Sutton  is an American businessman and politician serving as a member representing the South Carolina Senate from the 20th district.

On November 18, 2023, Sutton announced his run for the newly redistricted State Senate seat. He faced Libertarian nominee Kendal Ludden.

On November 5, 2024, Sutton won the election by close to 20,000 votes.

Sutton was previously a candidate for South Carolina House District 114, but lost to Republican Lin Bennett.

Lin Bennett
Linda Bennett (born February 9, 1954) is an American politician. She is a former member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 114th District, serving from 2016 to 2022. She is a member of the Republican Party.

In an interview in December 2013, Bennett said of restaurant workers: "If [working in a restaurant] is your lifetime job, God help us. If your lifetime goal is to get up every day and slap a burger on a bun and give it to someone- you have no life. You don't ever deserve to make anything."

In March 2019, Bennett caused controversy after she posted a misleading photo of Democratic congressman Joe Cunningham (SC-01) on social media. That same month, Will Sommer of The Daily Beast reported that Bennett had endorsed and made numerous Facebook posts about the far-right QAnon conspiracy theory.
Udbodhan
Udbodhan is the only Bengali publication of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, started by Vivekananda in January 1899, with Trigunatitananda as its founding editor  Over the years, it also grew into a publishing house, and remained one of the leading publishers of literature of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda.

Library facilities,  reading and lending books are available at Udbodhan office. The collection varies from history, culture, the Vedas, the Upanishads to adventures.

Ramakrishna Mission
Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a spiritual and philanthropic organisation headquartered in Belur Math, West Bengal. The mission is named after the Indian Hindu spiritual guru and mystic Ramakrishna. The mission was founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1 May 1897.
The organisation mainly propagates the Hindu philosophy of Vedanta–Advaita Vedanta and four yogic ideals – Jnana, Bhakti, Karma, and Raja yoga. The mission bases its work on the principles of Karma yoga, the principle of selfless work done with a dedication to God.
Farlowella altocorpus
Farlowella altocorpus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is endemic to Bolivia where it occurs in the Coroico River. This species grows to a length of 17.0 centimetres (6.7 in) SL.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Coedffranc
Coedffranc is a community and former village in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales.

Today the village has merged into an enlarged Skewen, occupying the central regions of the village of Skewen.  Coedffranc is now only a local government community.
The community includes the villages of Jersey Marine, Llandarcy and Coed Darcy. and had a population of 9,053 in 2011.

Llandarcy
Llandarcy is a village near Neath in the Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales, and was the site of the first oil refinery in the United Kingdom. It was originally designed as a garden village to house the workers for the BP refinery built between 1918 and 1922. The village is near junction 43 of the M4 motorway.
HMS Snowdrop (1915)
HMS Snowdrop was an Azalea-class sloop  of the Royal Navy. She served during the First World War. Snowdrop survived the war and was sold for scrap in 1923. She also saved many of the RMS Carpathia's survivors.

Azalea-class sloop
The Azalea class of twelve minesweeping sloops were built under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I as part of the larger Flower class, which were also referred to as the Cabbage class, or "Herbaceous Borders". The third batch of twelve ships to be ordered in May 1915, they differed from the preceding Acacia class only in mounting a heavier armament. One ship, converted to a Q-ship was lost during the war, another during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in 1919. With the exception of two others, the rest were scrapped. One entered mercantile service, while the other was transferred to the Belgian Navy. Both were captured by the Germans during World War II and put into German service. One was lost with the final ship being scrapped in 1952