hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Berkshire Yeomanry
The Berkshire Yeomanry was a part time regiment of the British Army formed in 1794 to counter the threat of invasion during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was the Royal County of Berkshire's senior volunteer unit with over 200 years of voluntary military service. After taking part in the Second Boer War, it saw action as mounted troops in the First World War and as artillery (145th (Berkshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery) in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by 94 (Berkshire Yeomanry) Signal Squadron, part of 39 (Skinners) Signal Regiment. The Headquarters of the Squadron is based in Windsor, Berkshire. The Berkshire Yeomanry had a number of battle honours won from Europe to the Far East and Private Frederick Potts was awarded a Victoria Cross for service during the Gallipoli Campaign.

Battle of Scimitar Hill
The Battle of Scimitar Hill (Turkish: Yusufçuk Tepe Muharebesi, lit. 'Battle of the Dragonfly Hill') was the last offensive mounted by the British at Suvla during the Battle of Gallipoli in World War I. It was also the largest single-day attack ever mounted by the Allies at Gallipoli, involving three divisions. The purpose of the attack was to remove the immediate Ottoman threat from the exposed Suvla landing and to link with the ANZAC sectors to the south. Launched on 21 August 1915 to coincide with the simultaneous attack on Hill 60, it was a costly failure, in which the Turks were forced to use all their reserves in "severe and bloody fighting" far into the night, with some Turkish trenches lost and retaken twice.
Covington Hall
William Covington Hall (August 25, 1871 – February 21, 1952), who also wrote under the pen names Covington Ami and Covami, was an American labor organizer, newspaper editor, writer, and poet. Hall was an active member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and rose to some prominence within the organization. Hall played a major role in the Louisiana-Texas Timber War and the United Fruit Company strike of 1913. He spent most of his life in Louisiana, particularly in New Orleans.

United Fruit Company strike (1913)
The United Fruit Company strike of 1913 started on June 2, 1913. It was a worker-led strike organized by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in New Orleans against the United Fruit Company that was marked by violence.

On June 13, 1913, an attempt to stop the loading of a ship by strikebreakers turned violent as police officers and private security guards opened fire on the strikers, killing two and wounding several.

The strike was one of a series of strikes that were led by workers in other port cities, most notability in Philadelphia with the Marine Transport Workers Union. Most of these strikes were successful; however, the strike was a failure in New Orleans.: 58–59
Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh
Mohammad Nubairshah Shaikh  (born 1 January 1998) is an Indian chess player who holds the title of International Master (IM) awarded by FIDE in 2016. He won the inaugural 1st SAARC Chess Championship (Open) in 2019, held in Bangladesh and successfully defended the title in 2023.

In 2018, he received the Shiv Chhatrapati Sports State Award  from the Government of Maharashtra, the highest state-level honor for sports personality in the state.

Norm (chess)
A norm in chess is a high level of performance in a chess tournament. The level of performance is typically measured in tournament performance rating above a certain threshold (for instance, 2600 for Grandmaster (GM) norm), and there is a requirement on the level of tournament, for instance by a prescribed minimal number of participants of given title/level one meets. Several norms are among the requirements to receive a title such as GM from FIDE.
Viola sempervirens
Viola sempervirens, known by the common names redwood violet and evergreen violet, is a species in the genus Viola. It is native to the West Coast of the United States and British Columbia, Canada, and grows in closed-cone pine forest, California mixed evergreen forest, redwood forest, and Douglas fir forest communities.
It has leathery purple-spotted green leaves and bright yellow flowers. It blooms in winter and spring.

Viola (plant)
Viola, commonly known as the violets, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.

Some Viola species are perennial plants, some are annual plants, and a few are small shrubs. Many species, varieties and cultivars are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers. In horticulture, the term pansy is normally used for those multi-colored large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding.
Pabbi and Rasul Reserve Forest
Pabbi and Rasul Reserve Forest (also known as Pabbi-Rasul National Park) is a protected forest and national park located in northern Punjab, Pakistan. Covering an area of approximately 36,374 acres (147.20 km2), it extends across the tehsils of Phalia in Mandi Bahauddin District and Kharian and Sarai Alamgir in Gujrat District. The reserve is managed by the Range Management Division, Chakwal, under the Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department. It was officially designated as a  national park in 2023 under the Punjab Protected Areas Act, 2020.

Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department
The Punjab Wildlife & Parks Department (Urdu: محکمہ جنگلی حیات و پارکس پنجاب) is the provincial agency responsible for the protection, conservation, and management of wildlife and protected areas in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The department oversees wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, captive breeding, enforcement of wildlife laws, and operation of zoos, safari parks, sanctuaries, and public wildlife reserves under the Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Department.
County of Ward, Queensland
The County of Ward is a county (a cadastral division) in the south-eastern corner of Queensland, Australia. The main urban area within the county is the city of the Gold Coast, and it also extends to include the southern parts of the West Moreton region centred on Beaudesert and Boonah.

West Moreton
West Moreton is a region of the Australian state of Queensland, consisting of the entire rural western portion of South East Queensland. It sits inland from both the Brisbane metropolitan area and the Gold Coast and to the east of the Darling Downs. Much of the region lies in the Great Dividing Range. The name appears in the names of many community organisations, West Moreton Health service area, and is used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, although is not widely used otherwise due to the prevalence of South East Queensland in planning and other documents.
CodeChef
CodeChef is a competitive programming contests platform that endeavours to empower learners to master coding through structured courses, practice problems, and regular contests. It offers entry-level paths in languages like Python, C++, and Java, along with advanced tracks in data structures, algorithms, and web development. For educational institutions, CodeChef provides integrated lab modules and mobile content-enabled courseware that can be embedded into lectures, labs, or homework assignments.

CodeChef competes with similar educational technology companies such as LeetCode, HackerRank, SPOJ, Topcoder, and GeeksforGeeks.

SPOJ
SPOJ (Sphere Online Judge) is an online judge system with over 1 million registered users and over 20,000 problems. Tasks are prepared by its community of problem setters or are taken from previous programming contests. SPOJ allows advanced users to organize contests under their own rules and also includes a forum where programmers can discuss how to solve a particular problem.

Apart from the English language, SPOJ also offers its content in Polish, Portuguese and Vietnamese languages. The solution to problems can be submitted in over 40 programming languages, including esoteric ones, via the Sphere Engine. It is run by the Polish company Sphere Research Labs.

The website is considered both an automated evaluator of user-submitted programs as well as an online learning platform to help people understand and solve computational tasks. It also allows students to compare paradigms and approaches with a wide variety of languages.
The Debaters
The Debaters is a Canadian radio comedy show currently hosted by Steve Patterson. It airs on CBC Radio One, Saturdays at 3:00PM (PDT) and Wednesdays at 11:30AM, Eastern Time.

During each episode, two debates take place between two sets of two contestants. The topics are deliberately comedic, such as "Apples vs. Oranges and "Was Darth Vader a Bad Father?". The winner is chosen by audience reaction at the end of the debate. Each season has approximately 33 new episodes. These are recorded in front of live audiences in studios, theatres and clubs across Canada.

In 2011, the radio series also taped a number of episodes for broadcast as a television series on CBC Television, but did not get a second season.

Eric Peterson
Eric Neal Peterson CM (born October 2, 1946) is a Canadian stage, television, and film actor, known for his roles in three major Canadian television series – Street Legal (1987–1994), Corner Gas (live-action 2004–2009 and film 2014, animated 2018–2021), and This is Wonderland (2004–2006).
2024 European Mountain Bike Championships
The 2024 European Mountain Bike Championships was the 35th edition of the European Mountain Bike Championships, an annual mountain biking competition organized by the Union Européenne de Cyclisme (UEC). The championships comprised five disciplines: downhill, cross-country cycling (XC), cross-country short circuit (XCC), cross-country team relay (XCR), and cross-country marathon (XCM).

European Mountain Bike Championships
The European Mountain Bike Championships (EMBCs) are an annual mountain bike racing championship in Europe. They have been held since 1989, and on an annual basis since 1991. There have been 28 editions as of 2017.
Citybus Route 1
Citybus Route 1 is a bus route operated by Citybus (CTB) on Hong Kong Island, running between Central (Macau Ferry) and Happy Valley (Upper) via  Central, Admiralty and Wan Chai.

It is one of the oldest existing bus routes in Hong Kong, having been in continuous operation ever since 1928 (except for a short break during the Japanese occupation).

Sheung Wan
Sheung Wan (Chinese: 上環) is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island, between Central and Sai Ying Pun. Administratively, it is part of the Central and Western District. The name can be variously interpreted as Upper District (occupying relatively high ground compared to Central and Wan Chai), or Gateway District (perhaps a reference to the location where the British first entered and occupied Hong Kong).
Lyakhchytsy
Lyakhchytsy (Belarusian: Ляхчыцы, romanized: Liachčycy; Russian: Ляхчицы, romanized: Lyakhchitsy; Polish: Lachczyce) is a village in Kobryn District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Kobryn and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Brest. It is part of Khidry selsoviet.

Kobryn district
Kobryn district (Belarusian: Кобрынскі раён; Russian: Кобринский район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Kobryn. There are 162 settlements in the district, of which one is urban and 161 are rural. Rural settlements are part of 11 selsoviets. As of 2024, the district has a population of 81,672.
2012–13 Brechin City F.C. season
The 2012–13 season was Brechin City's seventh consecutive season in the Scottish Second Division, having been relegated from the Scottish First Division at the end of the 2005–06 season. Brechin also competed in the Challenge Cup, League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

2012–13 Scottish Cup
The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 4 August 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the second season of a three-year partnership and is known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. The holders Hearts were knocked out by their Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the fourth round, in a repeat of the previous season's final.
Yugeshima
Yugeshima (弓削島) is an inhabited island located in northeastern Ehime Prefecture, Japan, in the Seto Inland Sea between Shikoku and Honshu. The island is part of the Geiyo Islands archipelago, and is administratively the seat of the town of Kamijima, Ehime.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Satrio Piningit
Satrio Piningit (Gedrik Javanese: Satriå Pininģit, Javanese Hanacaraka:  ꦱꦠꦿꦶꦪꦺꦴꦥꦶꦤꦶꦔꦶꦠ꧀; meaning "Solitude Knight / Solitude Kshatriya"), also called Ratu Adil (Javanese Hanacaraka: ꦫꦠꦸꦄꦢꦶꦭ꧀, Indonesian: Raja yang Adil; meaning "King of Justice"), is a Javanese apocalyptic main character described in Jongko Joyobhoyo (Jayabaya Prophecies) and by the 19th century poet Ranggawarsita as a mythical figure who would become a great leader of Nusantara (modern-day Indonesia), ruling the world from Java. Satrio Piningit has similarities to apocalyptic characters in other traditions around the world, such as the Messiah (Judaism and Christianity), Maitreya (Buddhism), and the Mahdi (Islam).

Rajasa dynasty
The Rajasa dynasty (Javanese: ꦫꦴꦗꦱ, IAST: Rājasa) was the ruling dynasty of Singhasari and later Majapahit during the 13th to 15th centuries in eastern Java. The rulers of the Rajasa dynasty trace their origins back to Śrī Ranggah Rājasa, who founded the dynasty in the early 13th century. According to Pararaton, Ranggah Rājasa was born in the town of Tumapel (present day Malang, East Java). He was considered as the founder of both the Singhasari and Majapahit line of monarchs.

In Sanskrit and Old Javanese, the term rājasa means either "passion" or "dust"/"soil".
1910 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1910 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Thurles were the defending champions.

Toomevara won the championship. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1890.

1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1890 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Toomevara won the championship. It was their first championship title.
Orkanger Municipality
Orkanger is a former municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The 6.64-square-kilometre (2.56 sq mi) municipality existed from 1920 until its dissolution in 1963. The area is now part of Orkland Municipality in the traditional district of Orkdalen. The administrative centre was the village of Orkanger. The municipality also included the Thamshavn industrial area.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 6.64-square-kilometre (2.56 sq mi) municipality was the 661st largest by area out of the 705 municipalities in Norway. Orkanger Municipality was the 315th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,910. The municipality's population density was 438.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,135/sq mi) and its population had increased by 8.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Orkland Municipality
Orkland is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Orkdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Orkanger. Some of the other notable population centres in the municipality include Å, Bjørnli, Drogsetmoen, Fannrem, Geitastrand, Hoston, Ingdalen, Kjøra, Krokstadøra, Lensvik, Løkken Verk, Meldal, Råbygda, Selbekken, Storås, Svorkmo, Thamshavn, Vassbygda, Vernes, and Vormstad.

The 1,906-square-kilometre (736 sq mi) municipality is the 42nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Orkland Municipality is the 71st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,793. The municipality's population density is 9.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (26/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Prostitution in Italy
Prostitution in Italy (Italian: prostituzione), defined as the exchange of sexual acts for money, is legal, although organized prostitution, whether indoors in brothels or controlled by third parties, is prohibited. Brothels were banned in 1958. A euphemism often used to refer to street prostitutes in Italy is Lucciole (lit. "fireflies"), while escorts are referred to as Squillo (onomatopoeia referring to the sound of a ringing telephone, making it analogous to "call girl").

Democrats of the Left
The Democrats of the Left (Italian: Democratici di Sinistra, DS) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Positioned on the centre-left, the DS, successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party, was formed in 1998 upon the merger of the PDS with several minor parties. A member of The Olive Tree coalition, the DS was successively led by Massimo D'Alema, Walter Veltroni, and Piero Fassino, and merged with Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy and a number of minor centre-left parties to form the Democratic Party in October 2007.
Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings
The theme of environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings has been remarked upon by critics since the 1970s. The Hobbits' visions of Saruman's industrial hell of Isengard and Sauron's desolate polluted land of Mordor have been interpreted as comments on modern society, while the destruction of Isengard by the tree-giant Ents, and "The Scouring of the Shire" by the Hobbits, have a strong theme of restoration of the natural environment after such industrial pollution and degradation. However, Tolkien's love of trees and unspoilt nature is apparent throughout the novel.

Paul H. Kocher
Paul Harold Kocher (April 23, 1907 – July 17, 1998) was an American scholar, writer, and professor of English. He wrote extensively on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien as well as on Elizabethan English drama, philosophy, religion, and medicine. His numerous publications include studies of Christopher Marlowe and Francis Bacon. He also authored books on the Franciscan missions of 18th- and 19th-century California.
Garrison, County Fermanagh
Garrison  is a village near Lough Melvin in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The Roogagh River runs through the village. In the 2021 census it had a population of 411 people. It is situated within Fermanagh and Omagh district.

Fermanagh and Omagh
Fermanagh and Omagh is a local government district that was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Fermanagh District and Omagh District. It covers most of the Southwest of Northern Ireland. The local authority is Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, which likewise replaced Fermanagh District Council and Omagh District Council.
Skanderborg–Skjern railway line
The Skanderborg–Skjern railway line (Danish: Skanderborg–Skjern–banen) is a 111.9 km (69.5 mi) long standard gauge single track railway line in Denmark which runs between the cities of Skanderborg and Skjern in Central Jutland, Denmark.

The railway opened in sections. The section from Skanderborg to Silkeborg opened in 1871, the section from Silkeborg to Herning in 1877, and the section from Herning to Skjern in 1881. The line is owned and maintained by Rail Net Denmark and served with passenger trains by the railway company Arriva.

Herning
Herning (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯ne̝ŋ]) is a Danish town in the Central Denmark Region of the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 51,782 (1 January 2025) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 12th most populous urban area in Denmark.
2009 FIA WTCC Race of Japan
The 2009 FIA WTCC Race of Japan (formally the 2009 FIA WTCC Kenwood Race of Japan) was the eleventh round of the 2009 World Touring Car Championship season and the second running of the FIA WTCC Race of Japan. It was held on 1 November 2009 at the Okayama International Circuit near Mimasaka, Japan. The two races were won by BMW drivers Andy Priaulx and Augusto Farfus. The race was supported by the 2009 1000 km of Okayama, the inaugural event of the Asian Le Mans Series.

2009 World Touring Car Championship
The 2009 World Touring Car Championship season was the sixth FIA World Touring Car Championship season, the fifth since its 2005 return. It began on 8 March, and ended on 22 November, after twenty-four races. The championship, which was reserved for Super 2000 Cars and Diesel 2000 Cars, comprised two titles, the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Drivers and the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Manufacturers.

Italian Gabriele Tarquini won the Drivers' Championship by four points from SEAT Sport team-mate Yvan Muller, with BMW Team Germany's Augusto Farfus finishing third ten points behind Muller. The Manufacturers Championship was retained by SEAT beating BMW by just three points. Tom Coronel took the Independents' Trophy for SUNRED Engineering, which won the Teams' Trophy.
Haemanthus carneus
Haemanthus carneus ('carneus': Latin 'flesh-coloured') is a South African bulbous geophyte in the genus Haemanthus. Despite a fairly wide distribution, it has been collected from only a few scattered sites in the Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape near Grahamstown and Somerset East, occurring between 300 m and 1200 m above sea level.

The bulbs grow in small clumps in the shelter of trees, bushes and rocks. Their tunics are more or less equal with horizontal leaf-scars. Leaves number two or three, usually flat on the ground, appearing with the flowers or following on soon. Peduncles show quite a variation in length from 100 to 200 mm long.
H. carneus was first described in 1821 by the English botanist John Bellenden Ker Gawler (1764–1842), first editor of Edward's Botanical Register.

Haemanthus
Haemanthus is a Southern African genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Members of the genus are known as blood lily and paintbrush lily. There are some 22 known species, native to South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Eswatini. About 15 species occur in the winter rainfall region of Namaqualand and the Western Cape, the remainder being found in the summer rainfall region, with one species Haemanthus albiflos occurring in both regions.