hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan Railway steam locomotives
The first Metropolitan Railway steam locomotives were ordered in 1864 for the Metropolitan Railway, to replace the Great Western Railway locomotive that had opened their first line the previous year. A total of 116 locomotives were built, of which two survive in preservation.

Metropolitan Railway A Class
The Metropolitan Railway A Class and B Class are 4-4-0T condensing steam locomotives built for the Metropolitan Railway by Beyer Peacock, first used in 1864. A total of 40 A Class and 26 of the slightly different B Class were delivered by 1885. Used underground, the locomotives condensed their steam, and coke or smokeless coal was burnt to reduce the smoke.

Most locomotives were withdrawn after electrification in the early 20th century, forty having been sold by 1907. The last one was withdrawn in 1948, and is now preserved at the London Transport Museum.
Erembert of Toulouse
Saint Érembert (610-670), son of a Merovingian nobleman, was Bishop of Toulouse.  Érembert was born in the valley of Feuillancourt, near current town of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where there is a priory dedicated to Saint Saturnin, the first Bishop of Toulouse.

He became a monk at the Abbey of Fontenelle where he received the habit of St. Benedict from Saint Wandrille.  He was a disciple of Saint Lambertus, then abbot and later Bishop of Lyon. In 656, Chlothar III appointed him bishop of Toulouse, a position he held for ten years before returning to his original monastery.

According to his hagiography, Érembert’s miracle was the extinguishing of a raging fire, trapping a crowd in the basilica, by just his staff.

Saturnin
Saturnin of Toulouse (Latin: Saturninus, Occitan: Sarnin, French: Saturnin, Sernin, Catalan: Serni, Sadurní, Galician: Sadurninho and Portuguese: Saturnino, Sadurninho, Basque: Satordi, Saturdi, Zernin, and Spanish: Saturnino, Serenín, Cernín) was one of the "Apostles to the Gauls" sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236–250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250–251) to Christianise Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities. Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatien to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges. His feast day is 29 November.
Tripterococcus
Tripterococcus brunonis is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Celastraceae. It is a perennial or shrub endemic to Western and Southwest Australia. It is the sole species in genus Tripterococcus.

Celastraceae
The Celastraceae, also known as the staff-vine or bittersweet family, are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only Celastrus (the staff vines), Euonymus (the spindles) and Maytenus widespread in temperate climates, and Parnassia (bog-stars) found in alpine and arctic climates.

Of the 98 currently recognized genera of the family Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar and these include at least 57 currently recognized species. Six of these 19 genera (Brexiella, Evonymopsis, Hartogiopsis, Polycardia, Ptelidium, and Salvadoropsis) are endemic to Madagascar.
2008 Championship Gaming Series season
In 2008, the Championship Gaming Series began its second season as a worldwide sports league for professional video gamers. A total of 18 teams representing cities in seven countries played in the league. The games supported included Counter-Strike: Source, Dead or Alive 4, FIFA 08, and Forza Motorsport 2.

Once again, the CGS was broadcast throughout the world on DirecTV in the United States and Latin America, British Sky Broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Europe, and STAR TV in Asia. The World Final was to be shown live on DirecTV and rebroadcast on G4.

The Birmingham Salvo were the 2008 World Champions after defeating the San Francisco Optx by 22 points to 15, in the final on July 28, 2008.

Forza Motorsport 2
Forza Motorsport 2 is a 2007 simulation racing video game developed by Turn 10 Studios for the Xbox 360 console. It is the second title in the Forza series, and is the sequel to the original Forza Motorsport (2005) and was followed by Forza Motorsport 3 (2009).
Net acid excretion
In renal physiology, net acid excretion (NAE) is the net amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time. Its value depends on urine flow rate, urine acid concentration, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the urine (the loss of bicarbonate, a buffering agent, is physiologically equivalent to a gain in acid). NAE is commonly expressed in units of milliliters per minute (ml/min) and is given by the following equation:

where

V is the volume of urine produced per unit time;

[NH4] is the urine concentration of ammonium;

[TA] is the urine concentration of titratable acid (e.g. phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid);

[HCO−3] is the urine concentration of bicarbonate.

Urine flow rate
Urine flow rate or urinary flow rate is the volumetric flow rate of urine during urination. It is a measure of the quantity of urine excreted in a specified period of time (per second or per minute). It is measured with uroflowmetry, a type of flow measurement.

The letters "V" (for volume) and "Q" (a conventional symbol for flow rate) are both used as a symbol for urine flow rate. The V often has a dot (overdot), that is, V̇ ("V-dot"). Qmax indicates the maximum flow rate. Qmax is used as an indicator for the diagnosis of enlarged prostate. A lower Qmax may indicate that the enlarged prostate puts pressure on the urethra, partially occluding it.

Uroflowmetry is performed by urinating into a special urinal, toilet, or disposable device that has a measuring device built in. The average rate changes with age. Teenage boys and younger men tend to have the fastest urine flow rates.
Clyde, Arkansas
Clyde (historically Newtown) is an unincorporated community in Cane Hill Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States. Clyde is on Arkansas Highway 45, approximately 26 miles southwest of Fayetteville and six miles east of the Oklahoma border.

Within the Canehill, Arkansas ZIP code (72717), the population of the ZCTA was 847 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Northwest Arkansas region.

A post office was established at Clyde in 1879, and closed the next year.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
Mount Warren (California)
Mount Warren is a 12,327-foot-elevation (3,757-meter) summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County, California, United States. The mountain is set within the Hoover Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. The peak is situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Gilcrest Peak, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) northwest of Lee Vining Peak, and 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Excelsior Mountain, which is the nearest higher neighbor. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 5,955 feet (1,815 meters) above Mono Lake in 4.5 miles.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Quickdraw
A quickdraw (also known as an extender) is a piece of climbing equipment used by rock and ice climbers to allow the climbing rope to run freely through protection such as bolt anchors or other  traditional gear  while leading.

A quickdraw consists of two carabiners connected by a semi-rigid material (sometimes called the "dogbone"). One carabiner has a straight gate and connects to an anchoring device. The other carabiner is for the climbing rope, and uses a bent gate. Quickdraws are manufactured with either a solid carabiner gate or a wire carabiner gate for its lighter weight.

Rope
A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have high tensile strength and can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, string, and twine.
Cerebrospinal fluid flow MRI
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow MRI is used to assess pulsatile CSF flow both qualitatively and quantitatively. Time-resolved 2D phase-contrast MRI with velocity encoding is the most common method for CSF analysis. CSF Fluid Flow MRI detects back and forth flow of Cerebrospinal fluid that corresponds to vascular pulsations from mostly the cardiac cycle of the choroid plexus. Bulk transport of CSF, characterized by CSF circulation through the Central Nervous System, is not used because it is too slow to assess clinically. CSF would have to pass through the brain's lymphatic system and be absorbed by arachnoid granulations.

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a specific type of magnetic resonance imaging used primarily to determine flow velocities. PC-MRI can be considered a method of Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry. It also provides a method of magnetic resonance angiography. Since modern PC-MRI is typically time-resolved, it provides a means of 4D imaging (three spatial dimensions plus time).
European University of Brittany
The European University of Brittany (French: Université européenne de Bretagne), located in Rennes, France, was a center for higher education, academic research and doctoral studies located over multiple campuses in the Academie de Rennes. It includes a doctoral college that federates university institutes, engineering schools and research centres.

Its activities primarily focused on research through the establishment of thematic research networks, project teams, and the recruitment of international researchers. The valorisation of research was operationally handled by its component "Bretagne Valorisation". Research training, or doctoral training, was coordinated by the UEB's international doctoral college, which brought together the region's eight doctoral schools.

The European University of Brittany merged with the Université Nantes Angers Le Mans to form Université Bretagne Loire in January 2016.

Rennes 2 University
Rennes 2 University (UR2; French: Université Rennes 2, officially Université Rennes-II Haute-Bretagne) is a public university located in Upper Brittany, France. It is one of the four universities of the Academy of Rennes.
The main campus is situated in the northwest of Rennes in the Villejean neighborhood, not far from the other campus, at La Harpe.
HMS Partridge (G30)
HMS Partridge was a  P-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. The O-class were intermediate destroyers, designed before the outbreak of the Second World War to meet likely demands for large number of destroyers. They had a main gun armament of four 4.7 in (120 mm) guns, and had a design speed of 36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h). Partridge was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at their Govan, Scotland shipyard, launching on 5 August 1941 and completing on 22 February 1942.

Partridge served mainly in the Mediterranean Sea during the war, taking part in the Malta convoy Harpoon in June 1942. She was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-565 west of Oran on 18 December 1942.

O and P-class destroyer
The O and P class was a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy. Ordered in 1939, they were the first ships in the War Emergency Programme, also known as the 1st and 2nd Emergency Flotilla, respectively. They served as convoy escorts in World War II, and some were subsequently converted to fast second-rate anti-submarine frigates in the 1950s.
Rudnik, Cieszyn County
Rudnik (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrudɲik]) is a village in Gmina Hażlach, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

The name of the village is derived from a name of a local stream Rudnik, mentioned as early as 1442 (do potoka jmenem Rudnika), which is a transformation of a word rudy, meaning rdzawy (rusty).

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
WBBG
WBBG (106.1 FM) is a commercial radio station in Youngstown, Ohio, market with a country music format. The station is licensed to Niles, Ohio. WBBG is also a local affiliate for the Ohio State Sports Network football games.

The station first signed on the air as WNCD, licensed on October 29, 1987 (it signed back on May 15, 1988). It changed its call sign to WBBG on October 30, 2000, after the two stations swapped signals on August 30, 2000.

The WBBG call letters were used on a Cleveland AM station (at 1260-AM) from 1978 until 1987; the current WBBG picked them up on June 27, 1988, also as a reflection of its former AM sister station, WBBW 1240 kHz.

In January 2016, WBBG shifted their format to classic hits, branded as "Big 106".

On April 25, 2016, WBBG dropped the classic hits and flipped to country as "106.1 The Bull".

WBBW
WBBW (1240 AM) is a commercial radio station in Youngstown, Ohio, broadcasting a sports format. The station carries the Infinity Sports Network, much of it simulcast with co-owned 96.7 WLLF.

WBBW is one of seven radio stations in the Youngstown market owned by Cumulus Media.  The radio studios and offices are in "The Radio Center" in Youngstown. Prior to January 2, 2013, WBBW featured programming from ESPN Radio.

WBBW carries the Mahoning Valley Scrappers in the collegiate summer baseball league.  WBBW and WLLF are also the Youngstown affiliates of the Cleveland Cavaliers and Pittsburgh Pirates.

WBBW has been on the air since February 20, 1949.
Apache Phoenix
Apache Phoenix is an open source, massively parallel, relational database engine supporting OLTP for Hadoop using Apache HBase as its backing store. Phoenix provides a JDBC driver that hides the intricacies of the NoSQL store enabling users to create, delete, and alter SQL tables, views, indexes, and sequences; insert and delete rows singly and in bulk; and query data through SQL. Phoenix compiles queries and other statements into native NoSQL store APIs rather than using MapReduce enabling the building of low latency applications on top of NoSQL stores.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
Aman Island
Aman Island is an islet in South Seberang Perai District, Penang, Malaysia, located off the coast of Seberang Perai.

Known as the "Island of Peace", it is a home to a traditional Malay village. Places of interest in Aman Island include Jalan Telaga Emas, Batu Perompak, and the nearby Gedung Island.

South Seberang Perai District
The South Seberang Perai District is a district in Seberang Perai within the Malaysian state of Penang. The district covers the southern third of Seberang Perai. It borders Central Seberang Perai to the north, Kedah to the east and Perak to the south. The district, along with the North and Central Seberang Perai districts, falls under the jurisdiction of the Seberang Perai City Council.
The Best of Bob Dylan's Theme Time Radio Hour
The Best of Bob Dylan's Theme Time Radio Hour is a series of four compilation albums featuring songs Bob Dylan played on his shows as a deejay on the XM Satellite Radio and Sirius XM Satellite Radio program, Theme Time Radio Hour, from May 2006 through April 2009. Each album in the series includes 52 songs on two CDs. The tracks cover the range of genres Dylan highlighted on the program, including blues, R&B, rockabilly, doo-wop, soul, jazz, rock-and-roll and country.

Sonny Boy Williamson II
Alex or Aleck Miller (originally Ford, possibly December 5, 1912 – May 24, 1965), known later in his career as Sonny Boy Williamson, was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He was an early and influential blues harp stylist who recorded successfully in the 1950s and 1960s. Miller used various names, including Rice Miller and Little Boy Blue, before calling himself Sonny Boy Williamson, which was also the name of a popular Chicago blues singer and harmonica player. To distinguish the two, Miller has been referred to as Sonny Boy Williamson II.

He first recorded with Elmore James on "Dust My Broom". Some of his popular songs include "Don't Start Me Talkin'", "Help Me", "Checkin' Up on My Baby", and "Bring It On Home".  He toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival and recorded with English rock musicians, including the Yardbirds and Animals. "Help Me" became a blues standard, and many blues and rock artists have recorded his songs.
2011 The Hague Open
The 2011 Siemens Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It was the 19th edition of the tournament. It took place in Scheveningen, Netherlands between July 4 and July 10, 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
History of libraries in West Virginia
Libraries have been in West Virginia for much of its history as a state. Starting with subscription libraries, the early 19th century saw the beginning of libraries formed in many of the large towns. Three Carnegie libraries were built in the state at the beginning of the 20th century.

With the pressure of the West Virginia Library Association, the state established the West Virginia Library Commission in 1929, which would, starting in the 1950s, facilitate the growth of public libraries in the state. As of 2009, West Virginia's public library system consisted of 97 library systems serving citizens from 175 physical facilities and seven bookmobiles.

West Virginia Library Association
The West Virginia Library Association (WVLA) is a professional organization for West Virginia's librarians and library workers. It is headquartered in Parkersburg, West Virginia. It was founded on October 22, 1914, in Parkersburg, West Virginia at a meeting of the Federated Women's Clubs of West Virginia. S. Scollay Page, the state federation chair of literature and library extensions, invited librarians statewide to attend the meeting. The association was created and Page became its first president. WVLA was established as a state non-profit in 1980. The organization lobbied the state of West Virginia to create the West Virginia Library Commission, which was established in 1929 and facilitated the growth of public libraries in the state.

WVLA publishes West Virginia Libraries (ISSN 0043-3276).
Mauli Halt railway station
Mauli Halt railway station a halt railway station on Ambala–Attari line under Firozpur railway division of Northern Railway zone. This is situated at Mauli, Phagwara in Kapurthala district in the Indian state of Punjab.

Firozpur railway division
Firozpur railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 14 April 1852 and its headquarters are located at Firozpur in the state of Punjab, India.

Delhi railway division, Ambala railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.

Among all the divisions of Northern Railway zone, Firzopur railway division has some of the dirtiest and most ill maintained trains, and is also infamous for haphazard non-sequential coach compositions. This has been a cause of grave concern for many passengers.
Haircloth
Haircloth is commonly understood as a stiff, unsupple fabric made from coarse fibre from camelids, bovines, horses, goats, rabbits, hares and reindeers. However, a softer variation is valued in the textile and fashion industries for their rarity, aesthetics and comfort. This is because there are two types of hair used in making haircloth; a rougher outer “guard coat”, and a softer undercoat. The outer coats are used in coarse fabrics, often applied to upholstery, carpets, underskirts and hairshirts, or cilices, while "luxury fabrics" use the softer undercoat.

Angora goat
The Angora or Ankara is a Turkish breed of domesticated goat. It produces the lustrous fibre known as mohair. It is widespread in many countries of the world. Many breeds derive from it, among them the Indian Mohair, the Soviet Mohair, the Angora-Don of the Russian Federation and the Pygora in the United States.: 358
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar
Hero Honda – Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Singing Superstar is the 4th installment of the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge series which premiered on 13 August 2010 on Zee TV. This series is hosted by Manish Paul, although the first shows were hosted by Purab Kohli. The mentors during this season are Daler Mehndi, Vishal–Shekhar (Vishal Dadlani and Shekhar Ravjiani) and Sajid–Wajid (Sajid Ali and Wajid Ali).

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa is an Indian Hindi-language reality singing television show. It started airing on Zee TV in 1995 as Sa Re Ga Ma. It is the oldest running game show in India as well as the oldest show on private television in India. The name of the show is derived from the first five notes in the octave of classical Indian music.