hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt (24 December 1706 – 3 January 1751), was a German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach.

Born in Berlin, she was the third of seven children born from the marriage of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt (a younger brother of King Frederick I of Prussia) and Maria Dorothea Kettler, by birth Princess of Courland and Semigallia. From Anna Sophie's six older and younger siblings, only four survive adulthood: three brothers (Charles Frederick Albert, Frederick and Frederick William; all died unmarried and without legitimate issue) and one sister (Sophie Fredericka Albertine, by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg).

Saxe-Eisenach
Saxe-Eisenach (German: Sachsen-Eisenach) was an Ernestine duchy ruled by the Saxon House of Wettin. The state intermittently existed at three different times in the Thuringian region of the Holy Roman Empire. The chief town and capital of all three duchies was Eisenach.
Regenerative amplification
In laser science, regenerative amplification is a process used to generate short but strong pulses of laser light. It is based on a pulse trapped in a laser resonator, which stays in there until it extracts all of the energy stored in the amplification medium. Pulse trapping and dumping is done using a polarizer and a Pockels cell, which acts like a quarter wave-plate.

Laser science
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers.

Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as nonlinear optics and quantum optics.
DHS Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division
The Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division (IDD) is a division of the Science and Technology Directorate of the United States Department of Homeland Security. Within the Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, IDD develops technologies to improve and increase the United States' strategic preparedness response to natural and man-made threats through situational awareness, emergency response capabilities, and critical infrastructure protection.

DHS Science and Technology Directorate
The Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is a component within the United States Department of Homeland Security. DHS-S&T serves as the research and development arm of the Department as it fulfills its national security mission.

The Science and Technology Directorate is led by the under secretary of homeland security for science and technology, who is appointed by the president of the United States with confirmation by the United States Senate.
Alikhan, Iraq
Alikhan (Kurdish: ئالیخان, romanized: Alîxan) is a village in the sub-district of Kani Masi in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located north of Amedi near the southeastern Turkey border. The Village is inhabited by Kurds of the Deshtani (Deştan) Clan,

Kani Masi
Kani Masi (Arabic: كاني ماسي, Kurdish: کانی ماسێ, romanized: Kanî Masê) or Ain Nuni (Arabic: عينا دنونى, Syriac: ܥܝܢܢܘ̈ܢܐ) is a village and sub-district in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the district of Amadiya and the historical region of Barwari Bala.

In the village, there are churches of Mar Sawa and Mart Shmuni.
Brož
Brož (feminine: Brožová) is a Czech surname, derived from the personal name Ambrož (Czech variant of Ambrose). Notable people with the surname include:

Antonín Brož (born 1987), Czech luger

František Brož (1896–1952), Czech violist and conductor

František Brož (athlete) (1929–2018), Czech athlete

Gisela Brož (1865–1944), Austrian-American circus performer

Jaroslav Brož (cyclist) (1906–1953), Czech cyclist

Jaroslav Brož (long jumper) (1950–1975), Czech athlete

Kateřina Brožová (born 1968), Czech actress and singer

Lukáš Brož (born 1985), Czech luger

Michal Brož (born 1992), Czech athlete

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
2019 Bahamas Bowl
The 2019 Bahamas Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 20, 2019, with kickoff at 2:00 p.m. EST on ESPN. It was the 6th edition of the Bahamas Bowl, and the first of the 2019–20 bowl games concluding the 2019 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Chicago suburb of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, the game was officially known as the Makers Wanted Bahamas Bowl. Behind 173 rushing yards from Bulls running back Jaret Patterson, Buffalo defeated Charlotte, 31–9.

2019–20 NCAA football bowl games
The 2019–20 NCAA football games were a series of college football bowl games played to complete the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The games began on December 20, 2019, and, aside from the all-star games that followed, ended with the 2020 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 13, 2020.

The total of 40 team-competitive bowls in FBS, including the national championship game, was unchanged from the previous season. With the first staging of the Hula Bowl since January 2008, the number of all-star games increased from three to four.
Puerto Teresa Río Yata
Puerto Teresa Río Yata is a newly built community located in the northeast region of the Beni Department on the Bolivian Pacific – Atlantic highway and at the Yata River, a tributary of the Beni River. It is part of the community of Santa Rosa de Yacuma in the José Ballivián Province of the Beni Department. It was founded on September 17, 1991.

Beni Department
Beni (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbeni]), sometimes El Beni, is a northeastern department of Bolivia, in the lowlands region of the country. It is the second-largest department in the country (after Santa Cruz), covering 213,564 square kilometers (82,458 sq mi), and it was created by supreme decree on November 18, 1842, during the administration of General José Ballivián. Its capital is Trinidad.
William Boyd House
The William Boyd House, also known as All Bright Hill, is a c. 1800 double-pen house in Franklin, Tennessee, United States.

The W.A. Boyd farm was one of the largest farms or plantations in Williamson County both before and after the American Civil War.  After the war, many of these were reduced in size, but the Boyd farm, which included the Boyd Mill and the William Boyd House had 528 acres (214 ha).  The house was of log cabin type but was expanded with a two-story colonnade.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. When listed the property included one contributing building and one non-contributing structure on 1 acre (0.40 ha).

This house is one of five log buildings built during 1798 to 1800, during the earliest settling of the area, which survive to today.  Others, also NRHP-listed, are: the William Ogilvie House, the David McEwen House, the Daniel McMahan House, and the Andrew Crockett House.

Single- and double-pen architecture
Single-pen architecture and double-pen architecture are architectural styles for design of log, and sometimes stone or brick pioneer houses found in the United States.  A single pen is just one unit:  a rectangle of four walls of a log cabin.  In double pen architecture, two log pens are built and those are joined by a roof over a breezeway in between. A saddlebag house is a subset of double-pen architecture with two rooms, a central chimney, and one or two front doors.
William Wallis (cricketer)
William Alfred Wallis (14 December 1878 — 12 November 1939) was an English cricketer  who played for Derbyshire during the 1906 season.

Wallis was born in Long Eaton, Derbyshire the son of William Wallis and his wife Emma. His father was a lace manufacturer with the firm of Wallis and Sons

Wallis made his first and only first-class appearance for Derbyshire in May 1906 against Marylebone Cricket Club. Wallis was bowled out in his first innings on 6 by Walter Mead, and in the second on 11 by Alec Hearne. He was a right-handed batsman, and made one catch in the outfield.

Wallis died in Wilsthorpe at the age of 50.

Alec Hearne
Alec Hearne (22 July 1863 – 16 May 1952) was a member of the famous cricketing Hearne family. He played as a professional for Kent County Cricket Club between 1884 and 1906 and made one Test match appearance for England. He was an all-rounder who was named as one of Wisden's five Cricketers of the Year in 1894. His father, George played cricket for Middlesex during the 1860s and brothers George and Frank also played Test cricket, as did his cousin, John Thomas Hearne.
Culcita macrocarpa
Culcita macrocarpa, the woolly tree fern, is a species of fern in the family Culcitaceae native to Macaronesia and parts of the Iberian Peninsula, where it might have been introduced. It is the only member of the order Cyatheales that is native to Europe.

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
1905 German football championship final
The 1905 German football championship final decided the winner of the 1905 German football championship, the 2nd edition of the German football championship, a knockout football cup competition contested by the regional league winners to determine the national champions. The match was played on 11 June 1905 at the Weidenpescher Park in Cologne. Union 92 Berlin won the match 2–0 against Karlsruher FV for their 1st German title.

1905 German football championship
The 1905 German football championship was the third time clubs in Germany competed for the national title under the auspices of the German Football Association (DFB). There were eleven entries into the competition, marking a new record. For the first time, the holders were given an automatic spot in the competition, taken by VfB Leipzig who had won the 1903 German football championship and had reached the final in the year before, when the competition was annulled.

The large number of participants and the differences in strength persuaded the DFB to hold preliminary rounds before the quarterfinals. However, the dire financial situation of Schlesien Breslau and VfB Leipzig led to those two teams not travelling to their matches.  New matches were scheduled, making for a confusing schedule and semifinals with only three teams.

Both finalists appeared for the first time with Union 92 Berlin winning their only national title.
Zoidogamy
Zoidogamy is a type of plant reproduction in which male gametes (antherozoids) swim in a path of water to the female gametes (archegonium).  Zoidogamy is found in algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and some gymnosperms (others use siphonogamy).  Zoidogamy relates to evolution, as it provides a pathway from wind-borne abiotic pollination and similar mechanisms to fluid-based mechanisms used in most animals.

Siphonogamy
Siphonogamy is a condition in which non-motile sperm are transported to the egg through a microscopic pollen tube. The innovation is universal among seed plants (the spermatophytes) and contrasts with the free-swimming gametes of bryophytes, pteridophytes and many algal groups.
1st Flying Training Squadron
1st Flying Training Squadron is part of the 306th Flying Training Group based at Pueblo Memorial Airport, Colorado. It conducts flight training for all USAF Pilot and Combat Systems Officer trainees, regardless of their commissioning source. It oversees and conducts IFT for over 2,200 Air Force aviator candidates yearly. Constituted as 1st Flying Training Squadron on 9 May 1969 and re-designated as 1st Flying Training Squadron on 28 May 1993.

Slingsby T67 Firefly
The Slingsby T67 Firefly, originally produced as the Fournier RF-6, is a two-seat aerobatic training aircraft, built by Slingsby Aviation in Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire, England.

It has been used as a trainer aircraft by several armed forces, as well as civilian operators. In the mid-1990s, the aircraft became controversial in the United States after three fatal accidents during US Air Force training operations. The Firefly has poor spin recovery, and has been involved in at least 36 fatal accidents.
Tanks of France
French development into tanks began during World War 1 as an effort to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare, and largely at the initiative of the manufacturers. The Schneider CA1 was the first tank produced by France, and 400 units were built. The French also experimented with various tank designs, such as the Frot-Laffly landship, Boirault machine and Souain experiment. Another 400 Saint-Chamond tanks were manufactured from April 1917 to July 1918 but they were underpowered and were of limited utility because the caterpillar tracks were too short for the tank's length and weight. The most significant French tank development during the war was the Renault FT light tank, which set the general layout for future tank designs and was used or redesigned by various military forces, including those of the United States.

Frot-Laffly armoured roller
The Frot-Laffly armoured roller, also Frot-Turmel-Laffly armoured roller (French: Char Frot-Turmel-Laffly, also Rouleau cuirassé Paul Frot), was an early French experimental armoured fighting vehicle designed and built from December 1914 to March 1915.
Idiotypa
Idiotypa is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Diapriidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Idiotypa marii Gregor, 1939

Idiotypa maritima (Haliday, 1833)

Idiotypa nigriceps Kieffer, 1909

Idiotypa pallida Ashmead, 1894

Idiotypa rufiventris (Thomson, 1858)

Diapriidae
The Diapriidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. These tiny insects have an average length of 2–4 mm and never exceed 8 mm. They typically attack larvae and pupae of a wide range of insects, especially flies. The about 2,300 described species in around 200 described genera are divided into three subfamilies, and the group has a global distribution.

Diapriids show considerable diversity of form, with aptery (lack of wings) fairly common, sometimes in both sexes. Nearly all species exhibit noticeable sexual dimorphism, with males and females often mistaken for separate species. The wings, when present, show characteristically reduced venation, with the greatest reduction in the subfamilies Ambositrinae and Diapriinae.
Kermia
Kermia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.

This genus is closely related to Pseudodaphnella Boettger, 1895. They form together a genus-complex with a highly underestimated diversity, leading to intermixed clades. The lack of morphologic criteria requires the generic assignment of several species clearly to be reconsidered.

Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae  is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.

Bouchet, Kantor et al. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistic analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic.
Mark Frith (journalist)
Mark Frith (born 22 May 1970, in Sheffield) is a British journalist, music critic, and editor. He has been a writer and editor for magazines such as Smash Hits, Time Out and Heat. He has since branched into TV and radio presenting, and has written multiple books.

Ebury Publishing
Ebury Publishing is a division of Penguin Random House, and is a publisher of general non-fiction books in the UK. Ebury was founded in 1961 as a division of Nat Mags and was originally located on Ebury Street in London. It was sold to Century Hutchinson in 1989; Century Hutchinson was acquired by Random House. Random House merged with Penguin Group to form Penguin Random House in 2013.

Under its umbrella are the imprints BBC Books, Ebury Press, Rider, Time Out, Virgin Books, Ebury Spotlight and Vermilion—each with their own, distinct identity and specialist areas of publishing.
Balika Vadhu
Balika Vadhu (transl. The Child Bride) is an Indian soap opera that aired on Colors TV between 21 July 2008 to 31 July 2016 with 2,245 episodes. The story is set in rural Rajasthan and revolves around the life of a child bride from childhood to womanhood.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Papazkarası
Papazkarası, also Papaskarası and Papaskara (“priest’s black”), is an indigenous Turkish red grape variety traditionally associated with East Thrace in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Historically used in blends with international varieties such as Cinsaut, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot, it is now increasingly vinified as a varietal red as well as in rosé and blanc de noirs styles.

Papazkarası is widely described as producing wines with high natural acidity, moderate tannin, and aromatic profiles that include red fruit, floral notes, and spice. Alcohol levels typically range between 11 and 13 percent, depending on site and vintage.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and  British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

This grape variety appeared in France in the 17th century as a result of natural crossbreeding. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticulture hazards.

The classic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. In cool areas, it has flavors of blackcurrant and green pepper; in warmer places, it may taste like black cherry and olive; in very hot climates, it can have a jammy flavor.
Azimuthal equidistant projection
The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection. It has the useful properties that all points on the map are at proportionally correct distances from the center point, and that all points on the map are at the correct azimuth (direction) from the center point — that is, it is the exponential map on a sphere. A useful application for this type of projection is a polar projection which shows all meridians (lines of longitude) as straight, with distances from the pole represented correctly.

The flag of the United Nations contains an example of a polar azimuthal equidistant projection.

Modern flat Earth beliefs
Anti-scientific beliefs in a flat Earth are promoted by a number of organizations and individuals. The claims of modern flat Earth proponents are not based on scientific knowledge and are contrary to over two millennia of scientific consensus based on multiple confirming lines of evidence that Earth is roughly spherical. Flat Earth beliefs are classified by experts in philosophy and physics as a form of science denial.

Flat Earth groups of the modern era date from the middle of the 20th century; some adherents are serious and some are not. Those who are serious are often motivated by religion or conspiracy theories. Through the use of social media, flat Earth theories have been increasingly espoused and promoted by individuals unaffiliated with larger groups. Many believers make use of social media to spread their views.
2026 Quebec Women's Curling Championship
The 2026 Quebec Women's Curling Championship (French: Championnat provincial féminin 2026), the provincial women's curling championship of Quebec, was held from January 4 to 7 at the Complexe Sportif Desjardins in Rimouski, Quebec. The winning Jolianne Fortin rink will represent Quebec at the 2026 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Mississauga, Ontario. The event was held in conjunction with the 2026 Quebec Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship.

Quebec Women's Curling Championship
The Quebec Women's Curling Championship (French: Championnat Provincial féminin), formerly the Quebec Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Quebec provincial women's curling tournament. The tournament is run by Curling Québec, the provincial curling association. The winning team represents Quebec at the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
Ortega Formation
The Ortega Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in most of the mountain ranges of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology establishes a maximum age for the formation of 1690-1670 million years (Mya), in the Statherian period of the Precambrian.

Cross-bedding
In geology, cross-bedding, also known as cross-stratification, is layering within a stratum and at an angle to the main bedding plane. The sedimentary structures which result are roughly horizontal units composed of inclined layers. The original depositional layering is tilted, such tilting not being the result of post-depositional deformation. Cross-beds or "sets" are the groups of inclined layers, which are known as cross-strata.

Cross-bedding forms during deposition on the inclined surfaces of bedforms such as ripples and dunes; it indicates that the depositional environment contained a flowing medium (typically water or wind). Examples of these bedforms are ripples, dunes, antidunes, sand waves, hummocks, bars, and delta slopes. Environments in which water movement is fast enough and deep enough to develop large-scale bed forms fall into three natural groupings: rivers, tide-dominated coastal and marine settings.
Bulguk-dong
Bulguk-dong is an administrative dong (neighborhood) in the administrative subdivisions of the Gyeongju, South Korea. It consists of seven legal dong including Gujeong-dong, Sirae-dong, Si-dong, Joyang-dong, Jinhyeon-dong, Ma-dong and Ha-dong.

It is bordered by Tohamsan on the east, Dodong-dong on the west, Oedong-eup on the south and Bodeok-dong on the north. Its 37.34 square kilometers are home to about 8,893 people. Bulguksa temple and Seokguram grotto are situated in the district.

Dong (administrative division)
A dong (Korean: 동; IPA: [to̞ŋ]) or neighborhood is a submunicipal level administrative unit of a city and of those cities which are not divided into wards throughout Korea. The unit is often translated as neighborhood and has been used in administrative divisions of both North Korea and South Korea.