hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dithionite
The dithionite is the oxyanion with the formula [S2O4]2−.  It is commonly encountered as the salt sodium dithionite.  For historical reasons, it is sometimes called hydrosulfite, but it contains no hydrogen and is not a sulfite. The dianion has a steric number of 4 and trigonal pyramidal geometry.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
2022 Caloocan local elections
Local elections were held in Caloocan on May 9, 2022, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, three representatives per district, and six councilor per district of the city.

Recom Echiverri
Enrico "Recom" Reantillo Echiverri (born November 18, 1954) is a Filipino lawyer and politician. He previously served as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing the Caloocan's 1st district and Mayor of Caloocan.
Waradgery County
Waradgery County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It contains the town of Hay. It includes the area between the Lachlan River and the Murrumbidgee River where they meet. The Lachlan River is the northern boundary of the county, and the Murrumbidgee for a small section is the southern boundary, but the county also includes some of the land to the south of the Murrumbidgee near Hay.

The name Waradgery is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal word (probably in relation to the Wiradjuri people.

Lachlan River
The Lachlan River (Wiradjuri: Kalari, Galari, Galiyarr) is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands, Central West, and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray–Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood. It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length, rather than just towards its end, including Lake Cowal-Wilbertroy, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, and nine wetlands of national significance.
Elipsocus abdominalis
Elipsocus abdominalis is a species of Psocoptera from the Elipsocidae family that can be found in Great Britain and Ireland. They are also common in countries like Austria, Benelux, Cyprus,  France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, and Scandinavia. The species are blackish-orange coloured and are similar to Caecilius fuscopterus.

Elipsocidae
Elipsocidae is a family of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera) belonging to the infraorder Homilopsocidea. Members of the family have a free areola postica. Many species are apterous (without wings). The family includes about 130 species in more than 30 genera.
Alienation Office
The Alienation Office was a British Government body charged with regulating the 'alienation' or transfer of certain feudal lands in England by use of a licence to alienate granted by the king, during the feudal era, and by the government thereafter.

Feudalism in England
Feudalism as practised in the Kingdom of England during the medieval period was a system of political, military, and socio-economic organisation based on land tenure. Designed to consolidate power and direct the wealth of the land to the king while providing military service to his causes, feudal society was structured around hierarchical relationships involving land ownership and obligations. These landholdings were known as fiefs, fiefdoms, or fees.
Kalingga kingdom
Kalingga (Javanese: Karajan Kalingga; Chinese: 訶陵; pinyin: Hēlíng; Middle Chinese: [hɑ.lɨŋ]) or She-po or She-bo (Chinese: 闍婆; pinyin: Shépó; Middle Chinese: [d͡ʑia.buɑ]) in Chinese sources, or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; was a 6th-century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.

It was the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Central Java, and together with Kutai and Tarumanagara are the oldest kingdoms in Indonesian history.

Sojomerto inscription
Sojomerto inscription (Javanese: prasasti Sojahmarta; ꦱꦺꦴꦗꦃꦩꦂꦠ; Sanskrit: praśasti Sajāmarta; सजमर्त) is an inscription discovered at the Sojomerto village of Reban in the Batang Regency of Central Java, Indonesia. Written in Old Malay using the Brahmic writing system (most probably Old Javanese), it was initially dated to c. 7th century, but later redated, on palaeographic grounds, to the early 9th century. The inscription is currently in situ or on location, and Shivaist in nature.

The inscription was carved on an andesite stone 43 cm wide, 7 cm thick, and 78 cm tall. The text consists of 11 lines, most of them being unclear and eroded.
Church and Society Council
The Church and Society Council was a former agency of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which was tasked with facilitating the Church's engagement with, and comment upon, national, political and social issues. It was merged with the World Mission Council on 1 January 2020, as to create the Faith Impact Forum, as part of a wide ranging reform of General Assembly bodies agreed at the General Assembly of 2019.

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body. It generally meets each year and is chaired by a Moderator elected at the start of the Assembly.
Charleston Female Seminary
The Charleston Female Seminary, was a private Christian school for wealthy white girls in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Opened in 1830, the female seminary was the second school in Charlestown for young women.

Female seminary
A female seminary is a private educational institution for women, popular especially in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when opportunities in educational institutions for women were scarce. The movement was a significant part of a remarkable transformation in American education in the period 1820–1850. Supporting academic education for women, the seminaries were part of a large and growing trend toward  women's equality. Some trace its roots to 1815, and characterize it as at the confluence of various liberation movements. Some of the seminaries gradually developed as four-year colleges.
Pyridine alkaloids
Pyridine alkaloids are a class of alkaloids (a broad group of nitrogen-containing chemical compounds found in a wide range of plants and some animals)  that contain a pyridine ring.  Examples include nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine - all of which are found at different concerns in varying proportions in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco.

Alkaloids with a pyridine partial structure are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and their biogenetic origin. The most important examples of pyridine alkaloids are the nicotine and anabasine, which are found in tobacco, the areca alkaloids in betel and ricinine in castor oil.

nicotine

anabasine

ricinine

Nornicotine
Nornicotine is an alkaloid found in various plants including Nicotiana, the tobacco plant. It is chemically similar to nicotine, but does not contain a methyl group.

It is a precursor to the carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine that is produced during the curing and processing of tobacco. Nornicotine can react in human saliva to form N-nitrosonornicotine, a known type 1 carcinogen.
Besançon-les-Bains
47°14′35.05″N 6°1′51.65″E﻿ / ﻿47.2430694°N 6.0310139°E﻿ / 47.2430694; 6.0310139

Besançon-les-Bains was a former thermal establishment in Besançon during the 19th century. The term "Besançon-les-Bains" is also employed to denote a period during which Besançon was economically oriented towards tourism and thermal spa activities, which enjoyed considerable popularity during the nineteenth century.

In 1891, the Compagnie des Bains salins de la Mouillère was established, marking the beginning of tourism development around the Besançon-les-Bains attraction. This led to the construction of several notable establishments, including a thermal spa, the Hôtel des Bains, a casino, the Kursaal performance hall, and the opening of a tourist office in May 1896.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
Signý Hermannsdóttir
Signý Hermannsdóttir (born 16 January 1979) is an Icelandic former basketball player. She was named the Icelandic Women's Basketball Player of the Year in 2003 and was a six-time selection to the Úrvalsdeild kvenna Domestic All-First Team. She won the Icelandic championship in 2010 with KR.

Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (English: Women's Premier League), known as Bónus deild kvenna for sponsorship reasons, is the highest basketball competition among women's clubs in Iceland. It is administered by the Icelandic Basketball Federation. It was founded in 1952 and, until 2007, it was known as 1. deild kvenna (English: Women's First division).

The league was known as the Subway deild kvenna from 2021 to 2024. In July 2024, supermarket chain Bónus became the primary sponsor.
Rod Blagojevich controversies
A number of controversies related to Rod Blagojevich, a former governor of Illinois, were covered in the press during and after his administration. In addition to a reputation for secrecy that was noted by the Associated Press, Blagojevich was the subject of political, legal, and personal controversies similar to those of his predecessor, Republican Governor George Ryan. To the surprise of many, Blagojevich said in 2008 that he agreed with the idea of commuting Ryan's federal prison sentence.

Tony Rezko
Antoin Rezko (born 1955) is an American businessman who was convicted of wire fraud.

Rezko was largely a fundraiser for the Illinois Democratic and some Republican politicians.  After becoming a major contributor to Rod Blagojevich's successful election for governor, Rezko assisted Blagojevich in setting up the state's first Democratic administration in twenty years and as a result he was able to have business associates appointed onto several state boards.  Rezko and several others were indicted on federal charges in October 2006 for using their connections on the state boards to demand kickbacks from businesses that wished to engage in dealings with the state. While the others pleaded guilty, Rezko pleaded not guilty and was tried.  He was found guilty of 16 of the 24 charges filed against him and on November 23, 2011, he was sentenced to 10.5 years in prison.
Marshal
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement.

In most countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank (equivalent to a five-star General of the Army in the United States).

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
End of Reconstruction
The American Civil War (1861–1865) was immediately followed by the Reconstruction era of United States history in the later 1860s and 1870s, until the end of Reconstruction. Historians discuss a complex variety of factors that ultimately ended Reconstruction. In particular, the hotly contested 1876 presidential election resolved with the Bargain of 1877, which many historians roughly mark as concluding, or significantly motivating the conclusion of, the post-Civil War era.

Walter L. Fleming
Walter Lynwood Fleming (1874–1932) was an American historian of the South and Reconstruction.  He was a leader of the Dunning School of scholars in the early 20th century, who addressed Reconstruction era history using historiographical technique. He was a professor at Vanderbilt University from 1917 through his career, also serving as Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, and Director of the Graduate School. A prolific writer, he published ten books and 166 articles and reviews. The son of a plantation owner who had slaves, Fleming was sympathetic to White supremacist arguments and Democratic Party positions of his era while critical of Republicans and Reconstruction.
2013 Suzhou Ladies Open
The 2013 Caoxijiu Suzhou Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 WTA 125K series. It took place in Suzhou, China, on 5–11 August 2013.

2013 WTA 125K series
The WTA 125K series is the secondary professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association. The 2013 WTA 125K series calendar consisted of five tournaments, each with a total prize fund of $125,000. A sixth tournament in Pune was earlier scheduled but cancelled.
Mert Hackett
Mortimer Martin "Mert" Hackett (November 11, 1859 – February 22, 1938) was an American professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball from 1883 to 1887 for the Boston Beaneaters, Kansas City Cowboys, and Indianapolis Hoosiers. His older brother, Walter Hackett, and cousins Walter Clarkson, Dad Clarkson and Baseball Hall of Famers John Clarkson, Tim Keefe and Joe Kelley (all born in Cambridge, Massachusetts) also played in the majors.

Walter Clarkson
Walter Hamilton Clarkson (November 3, 1878 – October 10, 1946) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the New York Highlanders from 1904 to 1907 and the Cleveland Naps from 1907 to 1908.

Clarkson attended Harvard University, where he played college baseball for the Crimson from 1898 to 1903.

Clarkson spent the beginning of 1905 coaching the Army Black Knights baseball team but left the team in March to join the Highlanders for spring training in Montgomery, Alabama.

He was a younger brother of fellow baseball players John and Dad Clarkson, as well as of golf and billiards player T. Henry Clarkson.
Matthew 1:12
Matthew 1:12 is the twelfth verse of the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.  The verse is part of the section where the genealogy of Joseph, the betrothed of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, is listed.

Jeconiah
Jeconiah (Biblical Hebrew: יְכָנְיָה, romanized: Yəḵonəyā [jəxonjɔː] meaning "Yahweh has established"; Greek: Ἰεχονίας; Latin: Iechonias, Jechonias), also known as Coniah and as Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין Yəhoyāḵin [jəhoːjɔːˈxiːn]; Latin: Ioachin, Joachin), was the nineteenth and penultimate king of Judah who was dethroned by the King of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II in the 6th century BCE and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King Jehoiakim, and the grandson of King Josiah. Most of what is known about Jeconiah is found in the Hebrew Bible. Records of Jeconiah's existence have been found in Iraq, such as the Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets. These tablets were excavated near the Ishtar Gate in Babylon and dated to c. 592 BCE. Written in cuneiform, they mention Jeconiah (Akkadian: 𒅀𒀪𒌑𒆠𒉡}, romanized: Yaʾukinu [ia-ʾ-ú-ki-nu]) and his five sons as recipients of food rations in Babylon.
Milyeyki
Milyeyki (Belarusian: Мілейкі, romanized: Miliejki, Russian: Милейки, Polish: Milejki) is an agrotown in Ivatsevichy  district, Brest region, in south-western Belarus, the administrative center of Milyeyki rural council. As of 2025, the population is 492.

Ivatsevichy district
Ivatsevichy district or Ivacevičy district (Belarusian: Івацэвіцкі раён; Russian: Ивацевичский район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Ivatsevichy. As of 2024, it has a population of 50,196.

Vygonoschanskoye Lake, the sixth-largest lake in Belarus, is situated in the district.
2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster
The Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster (Arabic: كارثة جسر الائمة, lit. 'Bridge of the Imams disaster') occurred on August 31, 2005 when 965 people died following a panic, and subsequent crowd crush, on the Al-Aaimmah Bridge, which crosses the Tigris river in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.

The incident was "the single biggest loss of Iraqi life since the US-led invasion in 2003".

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Billy Reid (fashion designer)
Billy Reid (born June 13, 1964) is an American fashion designer based in Florence, Alabama. His line includes menswear, womenswear, accessories and eyewear. His clothing, self-described as "lived-in luxury" and "broken-in luxury", is known for its unusual accents and Southern influence. Reid summarizes his brand's concept as "American luxury built to last". Billy Reid, Marc Jacobs, Tom Ford, and Michael Kors are the only fashion designers who have won 3 or more CFDA Awards.

Savannah College of Art and Design
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a private art school with locations in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and Lacoste, France. It was founded in 1978 to provide degrees in programs not then offered in the southeast United States and to create a specialized professional art college to attract students from throughout the United States and abroad. The university enrolls more than 17,000 students from across the United States and around the world with international students comprising up to 25.4 percent of the student population. SCAD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and other professional accrediting bodies.
Chiral polytope
In the study of abstract polytopes, a chiral polytope is a polytope that is as symmetric as possible without being mirror-symmetric, formalized in terms of the action of the symmetry group of the polytope on its flags.

Regular skew polyhedron
In geometry, the regular skew polyhedra are generalizations to the set of regular polyhedra which include the possibility of nonplanar faces or vertex figures. Coxeter looked at skew vertex figures which created new 4-dimensional regular polyhedra, and much later Branko Grünbaum looked at regular skew faces.

Infinite regular skew polyhedra that span 3-space or higher are called regular skew apeirohedra.
Illusion of control
The illusion of control is the tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events. It was named by American psychologist Ellen Langer and is thought to influence gambling behavior and belief in the paranormal. Along with illusory superiority and optimism bias, the illusion of control is one of the positive illusions.

Optimism bias
Optimism bias is the tendency of an individual to overestimate the likelihood of positive events and underestimate that of negative events.

A cognitive bias, the optimistic bias is common across cultures, genders, ethnicities, nationalities, and age groups. It has implications to individual and group decision making, public health, policy, economics, and law.

The extent of optimism bias depends on a person's overall mood, their desired end state, the information they have about themselves and others, and their cognitive mechanisms. Generally, the optimism bias is stronger for underestimating negative events than overestimating positive events.

It is also known as unrealistic optimism, comparative optimism, and optimist's delusion.
Air L.A.
Air L.A., a wholly owned subsidiary of Air L.A. Inc (NASDAQ:  AILA) was a U.S. commuter airline headquartered in the Westchester area of Los Angeles, California. It was founded by Wayne Schoenfeld, Ken Dickey and Bill Wolf. It discontinued operations in California in May, 1995.  It ceased all operations in September 1995.

Bullhead City, Arizona
Bullhead City is a city located on the Colorado River in Mohave County, Arizona, United States, 97 miles (156 km) south of Las Vegas, Nevada, and directly across the Colorado River from Laughlin, Nevada, whose casinos and ancillary services supply much of the employment for Bullhead City. Bullhead City is located at the southern end of Lake Mohave.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Bullhead City was 41,348. The nearby communities of Laughlin, Needles, Fort Mohave and Mohave Valley bring the Bullhead area's total population to over 77,000, making it the largest economic region in Mohave County.

With over 60 square miles (160 km2), Bullhead City is the largest city in Mohave County in terms of total land area.
The Hangar
The Hangar, also known under naming rights as the NEC Hangar, is an Australian rules football venue that serves as the training facility and headquarters of the Essendon Football Club. It is located in the north-west Melbourne suburb of Melbourne Airport and was opened in 2013.

Paralympics Australia
Paralympics Australia (PA) previously called the Australian Paralympic Committee (APC) (1998–2019) is the National Paralympic Committee in Australia for the Paralympic Games movement. It oversees the preparation and management of Australian teams that participate at the Summer Paralympics and the Winter Paralympics.

APC played a major role in Australia's successful bid to host the 2000 Sydney Paralympics. Between the 1996 to 2016 Summer Paralympics, Australia has finished in the top five nations on the medal tally. It is also a successful nation at the Winter Paralympics.
Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Pala Pinta
The Prehistoric Rock-Art Site Pala Pinta (Portuguese: Abrigo rupestre da Pala Pinta) is a Paleolithic-era rock-art site, recognized for cave paintings in the Portuguese municipality of Alijó, in the civil parish of Carlão e Amieiro.

Alijó
Alijó (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐliˈʒɔ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Alijó (Portuguese: Vila de Alijó), is a municipality in the Norte Region of Portugal, located in the district of Vila Real. The population in 2021 was 10,486, in an area of 297.60 km2.