hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tereso Dosdos
Tereso Mondigo Dosdos (October 15, 1892 – July 1, 1997) was a Filipino Visayan lawyer, judge, and legislator from Cebu, Philippines. He was considered the first Registrar of Deeds of the province of Cebu, the first Municipal Court Judge of Cebu, and first lawyer from Borbon, Cebu. He served as Member of the House of Representatives for Cebu's 6th District for two terms (1934–1935, 1938–1941).

Visayans
Visayans (Cebuano: mga Bisayâ [bisaˈjaʔ]) are a Philippine ethnolinguistic family group or metaethnicity native to the Visayas, to the southernmost islands south of Luzon, and to a significant portion of Mindanao. They are composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups. When taken as a single group, they number around 45.5 million. The Visayans, like the Luzon Lowlanders (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Ilocanos, etc.) were originally predominantly animist-polytheists and broadly share a maritime culture until the 16th 
century when the Spanish Empire enforced Catholicism as the state religion. In more inland or otherwise secluded areas, ancient animistic-polytheistic beliefs and traditions either were reinterpreted within a Roman Catholic framework or syncretized with the new religion. Visayans are generally speakers of one or more of the distinct Bisayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, followed by Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Waray-Waray.
Nabarro
Nabarro is a Spanish surname with the following spelling variations: Navarro (21st most common surname in Spain), Navaro, Navarijo, Najara, Najera, and de Najera. The formation of the surname suggests it to be a location surname originating in the ancient Kingdom of Navarre, formerly the Kingdom of Pamplona, which is a territory under the influence of Basque culture. Location surnames are thought to be due to the migration tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages to easily identify arrivals. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Francisco Navarro, which was dated January 1, 1510.

In the US, Nabarro ranked 37,299 as the most frequently occurring surname.

Navarro (surname)
Navarro is a Spanish and French surname. Navarro is a habitational surname denoting someone from Navarre (Basque: Nafarroa) after the Kingdom of Pamplona took on the new naming in the high Middle Ages, while also keeping its original meaning of 'Basque-speaking person' in a broader sense, an ethnic surname. Ultimately the name is derived from the Basque word naba (meaning 'plain next to mountains').
Microgeneration
Microgeneration is the small-scale production of heat or electric power from a "low carbon source," as an alternative or supplement to traditional centralized grid-connected power.

Microgeneration technologies include small-scale wind turbines, micro hydro, solar PV systems, microbial fuel cells, ground source heat pumps, and micro combined heat and power installations. These technologies are often combined to form a hybrid power solution that can offer superior performance and lower cost than a system based on one generator.

Emergency power system
An emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator, batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed to protect life and property from the consequences of loss of primary electric power supply. It is a type of continual power system.

They find uses in a wide variety of settings from homes to hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers, telecommunication equipment and ships. Emergency power systems can rely on generators, deep-cycle batteries, flywheel energy storage or fuel cells.
Nigeria College of Education Games Association
Nigeria College of Education Games Association, popularly known as NICEGA Games is a sporting competition among all colleges of education in Nigeria. The first games was held in 1978. The 17th games, originally meant to hold in November 2011, was postponed till February 2012 by hosts, Federal College of Education, Omoku in Rivers State due to logistics challenges. For the 18th edition, 42 Nigerian colleges of education participated in the games hosted by Niger State College of Education, Minna. The 2015 edition saw the games return to the South to be hosted by Adeyemi College of Education. In the football tournament of the 19th games, Adeyemi College of Education were defeated by College of Education, Ikere-Ekiti.

In 2017, the three sporting bodies responsible for organization competitions for higher institutions in Nigeria, NUGA Games, NIPOGA Games and NICEGA Games had a combined session to reorganize sports in Nigerian institutions.

Nigeria Polytechnic Games Association
Nigeria Polytechnic Games Association, often stylized as NIPOGA Games, is a biennial sporting competition involving all accredited polytechnics and colleges of technology in Nigeria. In 2017, the Minister for Sports, Solomon Dalung, was accorded as patron for the games, which saw 81 polytechnics participate in it. According to the organizers, the games were created to ensure peaceful co-existence among Nigerians and to discover and nurture sporting talents for national assignments. Yaba College of Technology is the most successful institution in the competition, having won the most gold medals on seven occasions, the latest being in 2014.
2014–15 Furman Paladins men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Furman Paladins men's basketball team represented Furman University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Paladins, led by second year head coach Niko Medved, played their home games at Timmons Arena and were members of the Southern Conference.

After going just 5–13 in conference play to finish in last place, the Paladins won three games in the Southern Conference tournament before losing by 3 points in the finals to top-seeded Wofford. The team finished the season 11–22 overall.

Furman University
Furman University is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1826 and named after Baptist pastor Richard Furman, the liberal arts university is the oldest private institution of higher learning in South Carolina. It became a secular university in 1992, while keeping Christo et Doctrinae (For Christ and Learning) as its motto. As of Fall 2021, it enrolls approximately 2,300 undergraduate students and 150 graduate students on its 750-acre (304 ha) campus.
Rolighedsvej
Rolighedsvej is a street in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Falkoner Allé in the northwest to Bülowsvej in the southeast, linking Godthåbsvej with Rosenørns Allé. The street is dominated by the University of Copenhagen's Frederiksberg Campus. It takes its name after Rolighed, a Rococo-style country house from 1770 which is now owned by the university.

Falkoner Allé
Falkoner Alle (lit. "Falconer Avenue") is one of the main streets of Frederiksberg in Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Frederiksberg Town Hall Square in the south to Ågade on the border with Nørrebro in the north, linking Allégade with Jagtvej. The street takes its name from the Royal Falconry which was located in the area. Remains of the buildings are still found behind the buildings at No. 112–120. Notable buildings on the street include the Frederiksberg Centret shopping center and the Falkoner Center hotel and conference centre.
USS Monssen (DD-798)
USS Monssen (DD-798) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, the second Navy ship named for Lieutenant Mons Monssen (1867–1930), who was awarded the Medal of Honor for putting out a fire in a magazine on Missouri.

Monssen was laid down 1 June 1943 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Bethlehem Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, New York; launched 30 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Mons Monssen; and commissioned 14 February 1944.

United States Navy reserve fleets
The United States Navy maintains a number of its ships as part of a reserve fleet, often called the "Mothball Fleet". While the details of the maintenance activity have changed several times, the basics are constant: keep the ships afloat and sufficiently working as to be reactivated quickly in an emergency.

In some cases (for instance, at the outset of the Korean War), many ships were successfully reactivated at a considerable savings in time and money. The usual fate of ships in the reserve fleet, though, is to become too old and obsolete to be of any use, at which point they are sold for scrapping or are scuttled in weapons tests.

In rare cases, the general public may intercede for ships from the reserve fleet that are about to be scrapped – usually asking for the Navy to donate them for use as museum ships, memorials, or artificial reefs.
Yi Christy Leung
Yi Christy Leung, also known as Liang Yi, (Chinese: 梁懿; born December 12, 2002) is a Hong Kong figure skater. She has finished within the top twelve at three ISU Championships. She is the 2019 Chinese national champion.

Chinese Figure Skating Championships
The Chinese Figure Skating Championships (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰锦标赛) is a senior-level figure skating national championship held by the Chinese Figure Skating Association (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰协会) to determine the Chinese national champions. Skaters compete in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Christianity in the 9th century
In the 9th century, Christianity was spreading throughout Europe, being promoted especially in the Carolingian Empire, its eastern neighbours, Scandinavia, and northern Spain.
In 800, Charlemagne was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor, which continued the Photian schism.

Cyril and Methodius
Cyril (Greek: Κύριλλος, romanized: Kýrillos; born Constantine [Greek: Κωνσταντίνος, romanized: Konstantínos]; 826–869) and Methodius (Μεθόδιος, Methódios; born Michael [Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Michaíl]; 815–885) were brothers, Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries. For their work evangelizing the Slavs, they are known as the "Apostles to the Slavs".

They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic. After their deaths, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavs. Both brothers are venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as saints with the title of "equal-to-apostles". In 1880, Pope Leo XIII introduced their feast into the calendar of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. In 1980, the first Slav pope, Pope John Paul II declared them co-patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1997
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1997, adopted unanimously on July 11, 2011, after recalling resolutions 1590 (2005), 1627 (2005), 1663 (2006), 1706 (2006), 1709 (2006), 1714 (2006), 1755 (2007), 1812 (2008), 1870 (2009), 1919 (2010) and 1978 (2011) on the situation in Sudan, the Council authorised the withdrawal of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) by August 31, 2011.

The resolution was adopted amid reservations by some nations including France, Germany, the United Kingdom and United States, that the withdrawal during conflict and tensions between Sudan and South Sudan necessitated the UNMIS operation to remain in the region.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1714
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1714, adopted unanimously on October 6, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan, particularly resolutions 1590 (2005), 1627 (2005), 1653 (2006), 1653 (2006), 1663 (2006), 1679 (2006), 1706 (2006) and  1709 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) until April 30, 2007.
Forrestburn Hillclimb
Forrestburn Speed Hill Climb is a 1,030-metre (3,380 ft) hillclimb track rising from 221m to 246m AOD with a maximum gradient of 1:4 near Kirk o' Shotts in North Lanarkshire, central Scotland. The track opened in 1993, and was the first purpose-built hillclimb track in the United Kingdom to be completed since Brooklands in the 1930s. Forrestburn Hillclimb is operated by Monklands Sporting Car Club, and all speed hillclimbs at Forrestburn are rounds of the Scottish Hillclimb Championship. The site was designed by Willie Miller Urban Design as part of a projected Scottish motor racing circuit which was never taken forward.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.
Drosera ordensis
Drosera ordensis is a species of sundew, native to Australia and part of the "petiolaris complex" of sundews making up the subgenus Lasiocephala. Compared to many petiolaris sundews, it has wide petioles, which are densely covered in silvery hairs. It usually forms rosettes 8 cm across, although plants up to 20 cm in diameter have been reported.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Military conquests of Umar's era
Umar was the second Rashidun Caliph and reigned during 634–644. Umar ibn Al-Khattāb caliphate is notable for its vast conquests. Aided by brilliant field commanders, he was able to incorporate present-day Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, and parts of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and south western Pakistan into the Caliphate. During his reign, the Byzantines lost more than three fourths of their territory and in Persia, Umar ibn Al-Khattāb became the king (ruler) of Iran after the fall of the Sassanid Empire.

Historians estimate more than 4,050 cities were conquered during the reign of Umar ibn Al-Khattāb.

Military conquests of Umar ibn Al-Khattāb era are:

Yazdegerd III
Yazdegerd III (also Romanized as Yazdgerd, Yazdgird) was the last Sasanian King of Kings from 632 to 651. His father was Shahriyar and his grandfather was Khosrow II.

Ascending the throne at the age of eight, the young shah lacked authority and reigned as a figurehead, whilst real power was in the hands of the army commanders, courtiers, and powerful members of the aristocracy, who engaged in internecine warfare. The Sasanian Empire was weakened severely by these internal conflicts, resulting in invasions by the Göktürks from the east, and Khazars from the west. Yazdegerd was unable to contain the Rashidun conquest of Iran, and spent most of his reign fleeing from one province to another in the vain hope of raising an army. Yazdegerd met his end at the hands of a miller near Merv in 651, bringing an end to the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire after more than 400 years of rule.
Lex regia (imperial)
In the Roman Dominate and Latin jurisprudence down to the 18th century, the lex regia (literally, "royal law" or "royal act") was the supposed law by which unlimited imperium or authority had been transferred from the Roman people to the emperor. Emperor Justinian summarised the law in the decree by which he established the commission to compile the Digest in AD 530, Deo auctore: "By an ancient law [lege antiqua], which was called 'royal' [regia], all the authority and all the power of the Roman people were transferred to the power of the emperor." The concept originates somewhat earlier, however: Ulpian, in the early 3rd century, may already have referred to the law, though the meaning and even the authenticity of his use of the term are contested.

Digest (Roman law)
The Digest (Latin: Digesta), also known as the Pandects (Pandectae; Ancient Greek: Πανδέκται, Pandéktai, "All-Containing"), was a compendium or digest of juristic writings on Roman law compiled by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 530–533 AD. It is divided into 50 books.

The Digest was part of a reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to that time, which later came to be known as the Corpus Juris Civilis (lit. 'Body of Civil Law'). The other two parts were a collection of statutes, the Codex (Code), which survives in a second edition, and an introductory textbook, the Institutes; all three parts were given force of law. The set was intended to be complete, but Justinian passed further legislation, which was later collected separately as the Novellae Constitutiones (New Laws or, conventionally, the "Novels").
Elmer G. Gilbert
Elmer Grant Gilbert (March 29, 1930 – June 16, 2019) was an American aerospace engineer and a Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan. He received his Ph.D. in Instrumentation Engineering from Michigan in 1957.

Gilbert was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the 1994 IEEE Control Systems Award (the citation reads: "for pioneering and innovative contributions to linear state space theory and its applications, especially realization and decoupling, as well as to control algorithms") and the 1996 Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award from the American Automatic Control Council.

Gilbert died on June 16, 2019, at the age of 89.

Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
The Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award is an annual award (since 1979) given by the American Automatic Control Council (AACC) for achievements in control theory, named after the applied mathematician Richard E. Bellman. The award is given for "distinguished career contributions to the theory or applications of automatic control", and it is the "highest recognition of professional achievement for U.S. control systems engineers and scientists".

The original name was Control Heritage Award, and it was initially only given for the engineering side of control.
Holzerath
Holzerath is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The total population is 431 as of December 31, 2018. The Mayor is Freedbert Theis. The size of Holzerath is 6.76 km2 with elevation of 453 meters (1,486 feet).

Trier-Saarburg
Trier-Saarburg (German pronunciation: [ˌtʁiːɐ̯ˈzaːɐ̯bʊʁk]; Luxembourgish: Landkrees Tréier-Saarburg [ˈlɑntkʀeːs ˌtʀɜɪ̯ɐˈzaːʁbuχɕ]) is a district in the west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north and clockwise) Bitburg-Prüm, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Birkenfeld, Sankt Wendel (Saarland), and Merzig-Wadern (Saarland). To the west it borders Luxembourg. The district-free city Trier is surrounded by the district.
Mustafa Selimov
Mustafa Veisovich Selimov (Russian: Мустафа Веисович Селимов, Crimean Tatar: Mustafa Veis oğlu Selimov; 21 March 1910 – 14 October 1985) was a Crimean Tatar communist leader, partisan, and civil rights activist. Having been the First Secretary of the Yalta Communist Party before the war, he served as the commissar of a partisan formation during the war before being exiled the Uzbek SSR as a Crimean Tatar, where he went on to hold leadership positions in the Ministry of Agriculture of the Uzbek SSR and become one of the original organizers of the Crimean Tatar civil rights movement, for which he received reprimand from party organs.

Bakhchysarai
Bakhchysarai is a city in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bakhchysarai Raion (district), as well as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate. Its main landmark is Hansaray, the only extant palace of the Crimean Khans, currently open to tourists as a museum. Population: 27,448 (2014 Census).

Since the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, it has been occupied by the Russian Federation.
Bertille Ali
Bertille-Mallorie Ali (born April 22, 1982 in Bangui) is a judoka from the Central African Republic, who competed in the women's extra-lightweight category. Ali qualified as a lone judoka for the Central African squad in the women's extra-lightweight class (48 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by placing third and receiving a berth from the African Qualification Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. She lost her opening match to Algeria's Soraya Haddad, who successfully scored an ippon and threw her down the tatami with a kuchiki taoshi (single leg takedown) assault at one minute and twenty-seven seconds.

Soraya Haddad
Soraya Haddad (born 30 September 1984) is an Algerian judoka. She won a bronze medal in the ‍–‍52 kg weight class at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She has been the African champion five times: 2004, 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2012, and also a bronze medalist in the ‍–‍48 kg category in the 2005 World Championships in Egypt. She was born in El-Kseur, Algeria.
Gender representation in video games
The portrayal of gender in video games, as in other media, is a subject of research in gender studies and is discussed in the context of sexism in video gaming. Although women make up about half of video game players, they are significantly underrepresented as characters in mainstream games, despite the prominence of iconic heroines such as Samus Aran or Lara Croft. Women in games often reflect traditional gender roles, sexual objectification, or stereotypes such as the "damsel in distress". Male characters are frequently depicted as big and muscular, and LGBT characters have been slow to appear due to the cis-heteronormativity of the medium.

Research suggests that gender portrayal in games can influence players' perceptions of gender roles, and young girls prefer playing as their own gender much more than boys do. On average, female-led games sell fewer copies than male-led ones but also have lower marketing budgets.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Sırapınar, Çekmeköy
Sırapınar is a neighborhood in the Çekmeköy district on the Anatolian side of the Istanbul province, Turkey.

Its population is 1,193 (2024).

It is bordered on the north by the Hüseyinli neighborhood in Çekmeköy, on the northeast by the Avcıkoru neighborhood in Şile, and on the east, south, and west by the Ömerli neighborhood in Çekmeköy.

Şile
Şile is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 800 km2, and its population is 43,464 (2022). Bordering Şile is the province of Kocaeli (districts of Gebze, Körfez, Derince, Kandıra) to the east and south, and Istanbul districts of Pendik to the south, Çekmeköy to the southwest, and Beykoz to the west. The popular resort town Ağva is also a part of Şile. However, between June and September, the population rapidly increases because of the many residents of Istanbul who have summer houses in Şile.