hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abstract rewriting system
In mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, an abstract rewriting system (also (abstract) reduction system or abstract rewrite system; abbreviated ARS) is a formalism that captures the quintessential notion and properties of rewriting systems. In its simplest form, an ARS is simply a set (of "objects") together with a binary relation, traditionally denoted with ; this definition can be further refined if we index (label) subsets of the binary relation. Despite its simplicity, an ARS is sufficient to describe important properties of rewriting systems like normal forms, termination, and various notions of confluence.

Historically, there have been several formalizations of rewriting in an abstract setting, each with its idiosyncrasies. This is due in part to the fact that some notions are equivalent, see below in this article. The formalization that is most commonly encountered in monographs and textbooks, and which is generally followed here, is due to Gérard Huet (1980).

Closure (mathematics)
In mathematics, a subset of a larger set is closed under a given operation on the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but not under subtraction: 1 − 2 is not a natural number, although both 1 and 2 are.

Similarly, a subset is said to be closed under a collection of operations if it is closed under each of the operations individually.

The closure of a subset is the result of a closure operator applied to the subset. The closure of a subset under some operations is the smallest superset that is closed under these operations. It is often called the span (for example linear span) or the generated set.
Içara
Içara is a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. It is located 170 km south of Florianópolis, the state capital and around 890 km south of São Paulo. It is the Brazilian capital of the honey and tobacco industries, but is also very strong in plastic, ceramic tiles and chemicals.

Nearby cities are Siderópolis, Cocal do Sul, Morro da Fumaça, Maracajá, Araranguá, Nova Veneza, Forquilhinha and Criciuma.

Several small towns lie around Içara forming a metropolitan area of 250 thousand people. The most important are:

Criciuma (larger city)

Urussanga

Nova Veneza

Nova Trento

Siderópolis

Orleans

Araranguá

Timbe do Sul

Nova Veneza, Santa Catarina
Nova Veneza (a Portuguese name meaning "New Venice") is a Brazilian municipality located in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. It has 15,342 inhabitants and was settled by immigrants from Venice in 1891.

People of Venetian descent make up 95% of the population.
Manganese oxide
Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. These include

Manganese(II) oxide, MnO

Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn3O4

Manganese(III) oxide, Mn2O3

Manganese dioxide, MnO2

Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO3

Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn2O7

Other manganese oxides include Mn5O8, Mn7O12 and Mn7O13.

Manganese(III) oxide
Manganese(III) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Mn2O3.  It occurs in nature as the mineral bixbyite (recently changed to bixbyite-(Mn)) and is used in the production of ferrites and thermistors.
Tikattane
Tikattane is a coastal town in western Mauritania. It is located in Akjoujt department in the Inchiri Region

Nearby towns and villages include El Mamghar (25.6 nm), Regbet Thila (26.5 nm), Iouik (50.1 nm), Akjoujt (113.2 nm), Portendick (27.8 nm) and Tanit (27.1 nm).

Inchiri region
Inchiri (Arabic: ولاية إينشيري, romanized: Wilāyat Inshiri) is a region in western Mauritania. Its capital and only city is Akjoujt. It borders the regions of Adrar to the east, Trarza to the south, and Dakhlet Nouadhibou to the north and west, along with a short Atlantic Ocean coastline. The region is known for its rich copper deposits, and therefore is heavily mined. According to the World Health Organization, there is a malaria risk during the rainy season, which lasts from July to October. Former president Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz was born and raised in Akjoujt.
University of Copenhagen Geological Museum
The Geological Museum was a separate geology museum  located at the northeast corner of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Although its location remains the same and the main exhibits have been maintained, it is now part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark rather than a separate museum. In addition to housing exhibits, it also facilitates research and study as part of the University of Copenhagen, with some of the museum staff actively partaking in research worldwide.

University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
The University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden (Danish: Botanisk have), usually referred to simply as Copenhagen Botanical Garden, is a botanical garden located in the centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 10 hectares and is particularly noted for its extensive complex of historical glasshouses dating from 1874.

The garden is part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, which is itself part of the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science. It serves both research, educational and recreational purposes.

The identification code of the University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden as a member of the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), as well as the initials of its herbarium is C.
Davies and Metcalfe
Davies and Metcalfe Ltd is a railway equipment and locomotive manufacturer from Romiley, Manchester, England. It was founded in Aberystwyth in 1878. The company is now owned and run by Richard Charles Metcalfe and they continue to manufacture steam locomotive and traction engine parts from original drawings, as well as modern railway parts worldwide.

Injector
An injector is a system of ducting and nozzles used to direct the flow of a high-pressure fluid in such a way that a lower pressure fluid is entrained in the jet and carried through a duct to a region of higher pressure. It is a fluid-dynamic pump with no moving parts except a valve to control inlet flow.

Depending on the application, an injector can also take the form of an eductor-jet pump, a water eductor or an aspirator. An ejector operates on similar principles to create a vacuum feed connection for braking systems etc.

The motive fluid may be a liquid, steam or any other gas. The entrained suction fluid may be a gas, a liquid, a slurry, or a dust-laden gas stream.
2023 Tour of Oman
The 2023 Tour of Oman is a road cycling stage race that took place between 11 and 15 February 2023 in Oman. The race is rated as a category 2. Pro event on the 2023 UCI ProSeries calendar, and will be the 12th edition of the Tour of Oman.

Tour of Oman
The Tour of Oman is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Oman since 2010, as part of the UCI Asia Tour through 2019 and on the UCI ProSeries since 2022. It was scheduled to become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020, but both the 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Anini
Anini is the headquarters of the Dibang Valley district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. Anini was also the district headquarters of the undivided Dibang Valley district. Most of this location's population consists of the Idu Mishmi tribal people. Due to its remote location, Anini remains a small and underdeveloped town. However, it has basic road and air links to the rest of India. For most commercial needs, the town is fully dependent on the nearest major settlement, Roing, which is in the Lower Dibang Valley District.

The Anini sub-division consists of six administrative circles—  Anini, Mipi, Dambeun, Etalin, Anelih, and Arzoo.

North-East Frontier Agency
The North–East Frontier Agency (NEFA), originally known as the North-East Frontier Tracts (NEFT), was one of the political divisions in British India, and later the Republic of India until 20 January 1972, when it became the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam. Its administrative headquarters was Shillong (until 1974, when it was transferred to Itanagar). It received state status on 20 February 1987.
2008 New South Wales Swifts season
The 2008 New South Wales Swifts season was the inaugural season for both New South Wales Swifts and the ANZ Championship. Swifts were formed in late 2007 when Netball New South Wales merged its two former Commonwealth Bank Trophy league teams, Sydney Swifts and Hunter Jaegers, in order to enter a single team in the 2008 ANZ Championship. With a team coached by Julie Fitzgerald and captained by Catherine Cox, Swifts won 10 of their 13 matches during the regular season and finished second behind Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic. Swifts subsequently defeated Magic in both the major semi–final and the grand final to become the inaugural ANZ Championship winners.

Sydney Swifts
Sydney Swifts were an Australian netball team based in Sydney. Between 1997 and 2007 they represented Netball New South Wales in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. Together with Sydney Sandpipers and Hunter Jaegers they were one of three teams to represent NNSW in the competition. After Melbourne Phoenix, Swifts were the league's second most successful team, winning four premierships and three minor premierships. In 2008, when the Commonwealth Bank Trophy was replaced by the ANZ Championship, Swifts and Jaegers merged to form New South Wales Swifts.
Angel Morey
Angel Morey Santiago served as chief of staff to Puerto Rico governor Pedro Rosselló, from 1995 to 2001.   He also served as Rosselló's third and last Secretary of State from 1999 to 2001, appointed after Norma Burgos resigned, following her nomination as candidate for Senator-at large.

A businessman and lifelong personal friend of the Governor, he returned to the private sector after his six years stint in public service.  He is a member of Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity. He is the father of current legislator Ángel Morey Noble.

Norma Burgos
Norma E. Burgos Andújar (born October 30, 1954) is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the Lieutenant Governor and the Secretary of State under Governor Pedro Rosselló from 1995 to 1999. She also served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 2000 to 2012.
Dive (American football)
A dive (or plunge or buck, also called a line plunge or line buck) is a type of play in American football in which the ball carrier (usually a fullback or a halfback) attempts to thrust quickly over the line of scrimmage, rushing through the linemen. A dive or buck is distinct from both an end run and an off-tackle run; the gap for the runner can be either between center and guard or between guard and tackle.

Off-tackle run
An off-tackle run in American football is a play in which the running back carries the ball through a running lane off of the tackle's block.  The lead block kicks out the end man on the line of scrimmage, and another offensive player usually blocks the linebacker. It can be useful in short yardage situations, and with large backs.

The most simple form of this play has the strong side offensive lineman step towards the ball and block any defender inside of him. The fullback will kick out the end man to create the running lane for the ball carrier. The Maryland I used the 2nd back to lead through the hole and block the linebacker. More complicated versions of the play have pulling guards block the linebacker or combination blocks by a tight-end and tackle to create the hole and block the linebacker.
Cymbastela stipitata
Cymbastela stipitata is a species of marine sponge in the family Axinellidae.

The sponge was first described in 1967 by Patricia Bergquist and Catherine Tizard as Pseudaxinyssa stipitata, but was assigned to the new genus, Cymbastela, in 1992 by John Hooper and Patricia Bergquist.

It is found in Australia's coastal waters, from the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north west coasts of Western Australia. It is a sessile filter-feeder, found generally in intertidal waters on coral reefs at depths up to 19 m.

Patricia Bergquist
Dame Patricia Rose Bergquist DBE (née Smyth, 10 March 1933 – 9 September 2009) was a New Zealand zoologist who specialised in anatomy and taxonomy. At the time of her death, she was professor emerita of zoology and honorary professor of anatomy with radiology at the University of Auckland.
Myron (crater)
Myron is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 31 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. Myron is named for the ancient Greek sculptor Myron, who lived from 480 to 440 BCE.

Myron is within the vast Borealis Planitia.  The closest named feature is the crater Monteverdi to the south.

Borealis Planitia
Borealis Planitia /bɒriːˈeɪɪs pləˈnɪʃiə/ is a large plain on Mercury with a smooth floor, thought to be similar to a lunar mare. It is centered at 73.4° N, 79.5° W. The name is Latin for Northern Plain.
Cristian Ansaldi
Cristian Daniel Ansaldi (born 20 September 1986) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a full-back. He had been capped five times with the Argentina national team.

A defender who plays with both feet, he is equally at ease as a right or left back. Although dribbling mostly with his right foot, he prefers to shoot with his left.

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.
Dutch Reformed Church (Newburgh, New York)
The Dutch Reformed Church is one of the most prominent architectural landmarks in Newburgh, New York. It was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis in 1835 in the Greek Revival style just after the dissolution of his partnership with Ithiel Town. It is his only surviving church in that style and is considered to be his latest building still standing that largely reflects his original vision. The church stands at 132 Grand Street, just north of the Newburgh Free Library.

Its historical importance comes from not just over a century of use as church, but its centrality in the struggle by modern preservationists to save and restore the city's many landmark buildings. Today it is a National Historic Landmark. It was almost razed in the late 1960s and is far from completely restored. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, aiding its rescue from demolition.

Newburgh Free Library
The Newburgh Free Library serves as the public library for the residents of the Newburgh Enlarged City School District. The Newburgh Free Library is the Central Reference Library for the Ramapo-Catskill Library System and is a member of the Newburgh Library Collaborative. In fiscal year 2010, the Newburgh Free Library had a collection of over 300,000 print and electronic resources.
FanDuel Sports Network Sun
FanDuel Sports Network Sun is an American regional sports network owned by Main Street Sports Group (formerly Diamond Sports Group) and operated as an affiliate of FanDuel Sports Network. The channel broadcasts local coverage of professional, collegiate and sporting events in the state of Florida, with a focus on professional sports teams based in Miami, Tampa and Orlando. FanDuel Sports Network Sun and sister regional sports network FanDuel Sports Network Florida are headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida with studios located in Tampa.

FanDuel Sports Network is available on cable providers throughout Florida; it is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV.

Regional sports network
A regional sports network (RSN) in the United States and Canada is a television channel that presents sports programming to a local media market or geographical region. Such channels often focus on one or a few teams in Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, or the National Hockey League. Minor league sports, college sports, and high school sports may also be shown on such networks.

Some RSNs originated as premium channels. Since the 1990s, they have commonly been distributed through the expanded basic tiers of cable television and IPTV services. Direct broadcast satellite providers may require subscribers to purchase a higher programming tier or a specialized sports tier to receive local and out-of-market regional sports networks.

Due to the rise in cord cutting, some RSNs have closed in the 2020s, with teams and leagues moving some games to free-to-air (FTA) and over-the-top (OTT) television services.
Annie (franchise)
Annie is an American media franchise created by Harold Gray. The original comic strip created by Harold Gray, Little Orphan Annie, The comic strip took its name from the 1885 poem "Little Orphant Annie" by James Whitcomb Riley. Its most notable adaptation is the 1977 musical Annie that won 7 Tony Awards which has been adapted four times on screen for both the big screen and television (1982, 1999, 2014 and 2021). The musical also has two sequels titled Annie 2: Miss Hannigan's Revenge (1989) and Annie Warbucks (1992). The 1982 film also has a television film sequel Annie: A Royal Adventure! (1995).

The comic strip has also been adapted into a radio program that aired from 1924 to 1942, two pre-musical films of the same name (1932 and 1938), a compilation of the comics in a book series, and a direct-to-video film titled Little Orphan Annie's A Very Animated Christmas (1995).

Annie (musical)
Annie is a musical with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and a book by Thomas Meehan. It is based on the 1924 comic strip Little Orphan Annie by Harold Gray (which in turn was inspired from the poem Little Orphant Annie by James Whitcomb Riley). The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won seven Tony Awards, including for Best Musical. The musical's songs "Tomorrow" and "It's the Hard Knock Life" are among its most popular musical numbers.
Record Litoral e Vale
Record Litoral e Vale (channel 8) is a Record-owned-and-operated station licensed to Santos. Its studios are located on the Vila Mathias neighborhood, while its transmitting antenna is atop Morro Santa Teresinha. The station also has an office in São José dos Campos, where parts of its local programming, as well as reports from Vale do Paraíba, are produced.

Santos, São Paulo
Santos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tus] ⓘ, Saints), officially Municipality of Estância Balneária de Santos, is a city and municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas. It is located mostly on the island of São Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of São Vicente, and partially on the mainland. It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista. The population is 440,965 (2025 est.) in an area of 280.67 km2 (108.37 sq mi). The city is home to the Coffee Museum, where world coffee prices were once negotiated. There is also a football memorial, dedicated to the city's greatest players, which includes Pelé, who spent the majority of his career with Santos Futebol Clube. Its beachfront garden, 5,335 m (5,834 yd) in length, figures in Guinness World Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world.
The Biggest Loser season 12
The Biggest Loser: Battle of the Ages is the twelfth season of the NBC reality television series entitled The Biggest Loser. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to John Rhode, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight lost. It premiered on September 20, 2011. Along with existing trainer Bob Harper, two new trainers (Anna Kournikova and Dolvett Quince.) joined this season. The 15 contestants this season were divided into three groups of five by their ages: those who are 30 and under were initially trained by Quince, those who are between 31–49 were initially trained by Harper, and those who are 50 and over were initially trained by Kournikova.  This season marked the first time since season 5 that America did not have to vote on who would become a finalist.  For the first time ever in Biggest Loser history, all 3 finalists were men.

Dolvett Quince
Dolvett Quince (born August 20, 1973) is an American entrepreneur, fitness model, actor, and personal trainer. He became widely known for his role as a trainer on the American version of The Biggest Loser from season 12 to season 17.
2016 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The 2016 African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup was the 32nd edition, organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The tournament was held from May 5–20, 2016 in one venue: the Salle Al Jadida, in Laayoune, Morocco, contested by 8 teams and won by Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto of Angola thus successfully defending its tile.

African Women's Handball Cup Winners' Cup
The Africa Women's Handball Championship for Clubs Winner's Cup is an annual international women's handball club competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The club sides from Africa's handball women's cup's winners in each African country are invited to participate in this competition.
Light cavalerie vodka
Light cavalerie vodka is a type of bitter.  Specifically a type of Polish bitter known as nalewka, a macerate of herbs and spices in a distilled spirit, in this case vodka.  The family of nalewka for which this belongs is commonly known as "Bitter Drops."

It is the highly aromatic, often retaining a bitterness. However, the taste can best be described as bittersweet, due to a varying amount of anise, tansy, cardamom, and ginger.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.
2019 Piedmontese regional election
The 2019 Piedmontese regional election took place on 26 May 2019, the same day as the 2019 European Parliament election in Italy. The election was for all 50 members of the Regional Council of Piedmont, as well as for the president of Piedmont, who is also a member of the council.

2019 European Parliament election in Italy
The 2019 European Parliament election in Italy were held on 26 May 2019, electing members of the 9th Italian delegation to the European Parliament as part of the European elections held across the European Union.