hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cora zapotecorum
Cora zapotecorum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Mexico, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by Bibiana Moncada, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Cerro Pelón (Santiago Comaltepec, Oaxaca) in a cloud forest at an altitude of 2,990 m (9,810 ft). Here it grows as an epiphyte on tree and shrub branches, often around bryophytes and liverworts. It occurs sympatrically with some close relatives: Cora benitoana, C. buapana, and C. marusae. The specific epithet zapotecorum refers to the Zapotec peoples, many of whom now live in the area covered by Oaxaca.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Silesian Voivodeship (1945–1950)
The Silesian Voivodeship, also known as the Basin–Silesian Voivodeship, and the Silesian–Dąbrowa Voivodeship, was a voivodeship (province) of Poland, with capital in Katowice, that existed from 1945 to 1950. It was located in the Upper Silesia. The voivodeship was established in 1945 and until 28 June 1945, remained under the administration of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, which then was replaced by the Provisional Government of National Unity. On, 19 February 1947, the provisional government was replaced by the Polish People's Republic. On 28 June 1946, the District of Opolian Silesia had been incorporated into the voivodeship. It existed until 6 July 1950, when it was partitioned into the voivodeships of Katowice and Opole.

Gliwice County
Gliwice County (Polish: powiat gliwicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Gliwice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Knurów, 8 km (5 mi) south of Gliwice, Pyskowice, 12 km (7 mi) north of Gliwice, Toszek, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Gliwice, and Sośnicowice, 10 km (6 mi) west of Gliwice.

The county covers an area of 663.35 square kilometres (256.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 115,571. The most populated towns are Knurów with 38,310 inhabitants and Pyskowice with 18,432 inhabitants.
Giuliana, Sicily
Giuliana (Italian: [dʒuˈljaːna]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in Sicily, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Palermo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,234 and an area of 24.2 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi).

Giuliana borders the following municipalities: Bisacquino, Caltabellotta, Chiusa Sclafani, Contessa Entellina, Sambuca di Sicilia.

Contessa Entellina
Contessa Entellina (Albanian: Kuntisa) is a small comune   in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, in Sicily, southern Italy.

Is located in the "Valle del Belìce" at  571 metres (1,873 ft) above sea level in the mountains called Brinjat, is situated 80 km from Palermo. The country, along with Piana degli Albanesi and Santa Cristina Gela, is among the three ethnic communities of Arbëreshë of Sicily, who still speak Albanian, carefully preserve the Orthodox rite, the Albanian costumes, musical and gastronomic traditions of the ancient Albania.
Theory of Legal Norms
Theory of Legal Norms (Italian: Teoria della Norma Giuridica) is a book, published in 1958, by the Italian jurist Norberto Bobbio about one of the ontological elements of foundations of law — the legal norm.

Jurisprudence of values
Jurisprudence of values or jurisprudence of principles is a school of legal philosophy. This school represents, according to some authors, a step in overcoming the contradictions of legal positivism and, for this reason, it has been considered by some authors as a post-positivism school. Jurisprudence of values is referred to in various works all over the world.

This modus of thinking of focuses on constitutional principles.

The jurisprudence of values centers on the concepts of incidence and interpretation of the legal norm, as well as rules and principles, and concepts like equality, freedom, and justice.
Mayor of Bulawayo
The Executive Mayor of Bulawayo is the executive of the government of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The Mayor is a member of the Bulawayo City Council, and is assisted by a deputy mayor. The Mayor uses the style "His Worship". The current mayor is David Coltart since 11 September 2023.

Bulawayo City Council
The Bulawayo City Council is the governing authority of the city of Bulawayo in terms of Zimbabwe 2013’s constitution Amendment 20. There 29 councilors representing the 29 wards in that city. These councilors are elected by the residents of Bulawayo.
2022 BWF World Junior Championships – Girls' singles
The girls' singles of the tournament 2022 BWF World Junior Championships is an individual badminton tournament to crowned the best girls' singles under 19 player across the BWF associate members around the world. Players will compete to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young Joong. The tournament will be held from 24 to 30 October 2022 in the Palacio de Deportes de Santander, Spain. The defending champion was Riko Gunji from Japan, but she was not eligible to participate this year.

2022 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2022 BWF World Junior Championships was the twenty-second edition of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Santander, Spain at the Palacio de Deportes de Santander from 17 to 30 October 2022. Individual players competed to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young-joong, and the mixed team competed to win Suhandinata Cup.
The Bay Hotel
The Bay Hotel is a public house in Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire, England. The pub is known for being a destination for coast-to-coast walkers, for once being washed into the sea (then rebuilt), and also for having its windows wrecked by the bowsprit of ship during a heavy storm. The Bay Hotel stands at the very edge of the sea wall at Robin Hood's Bay facing out towards the sea, and is the second inn to be sited at that location. It is a grade II listed building.

Robin Hood's Bay
Robin Hood's Bay is a village in North Yorkshire, England. It is 6 miles (10 km) south of Whitby and 15 miles (24 km) north of Scarborough on the Yorkshire Coast. Robin Hood's Bay is a tourist destination in the North York Moors National Park.

It is an ancient chapelry of Fylingdales in the wapentake of Whitby Strand. It is on the Cleveland Way national trail and also the end point of Wainwright's Coast to Coast route.
2003 Sydney Roosters season
The 2003 Sydney Roosters season was the 96th in the club's history. Coached by Ricky Stuart and captained by Brad Fittler, the Roosters competed in the National Rugby League's 2003 Telstra Premiership and finished the regular season 2nd (out of 15). They reached the 2003 NRL grand final which they lost to the Penrith Panthers.

A total of four Roosters players, Shannon Hegarty, Anthony Minichiello, Luke Ricketson and Michael Crocker, were selected to make their Test match débuts for the Australian national team in 2003.

Nine Roosters players were selected to play in the mid-season 2003 State of Origin series: Craig Fitzgibbon, Craig Wing, Luke Ricketson, Bryan Fletcher and Anthony Minichiello for New South Wales; and Shannon Hegarty, Chris Flannery, Justin Hodges and Michael Crocker for Queensland.

Anthony Minichiello
Anthony Minichiello (born 24 May 1980) is a former professional rugby league footballer who captained the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League, and retired having set records for most games and most tries in the club's history. An Australia and Italy international as well as a New South Wales State of Origin representative wing turned fullback, he played his entire career with the Roosters, with whom he won the 2002 and 2013 NRL Premierships, before retiring at the conclusion of the club's 2014 campaign. Minichiello also won the Golden Boot Award for international player of the year in 2005, and is the brother of fellow Italian international, Mark Minichiello.
Orest Gabel
Orest-Octavian Martinovich Gabel (c. 1849 — 15 March 1915) was a revolutionary Narodnik, a librarian, and a public figure in Imperial Russia. He participated in the activities of the Kyiv Commune, as well as in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian uprising of 1875–1877.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum
The Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum (山寺芭蕉記念館, Yamadera Bashō Kinenkan) is a biographical museum in Yamagata, Japan. It is located near the Yamadera temple, where poet Matsuo Bashō visited in 1689 during his travels that were chronicled in Oku no Hosomichi (The Narrow Road to the Deep North).

The museum primarily chronicles Bashō's life and his contributions to the literary style of haiku.

Yamagata (city)
Yamagata (山形市, Yamagata-shi) is the capital city of Yamagata Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 242,505 in 103,165 households, and a population density of 636 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 381.58 square kilometres (147 sq mi).
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate is an organic chemical compound used for food flavouring and cosmetics. It has a fruity ethereal flavour, also described as honey, maple, or bread-like.

It is generally accepted as safe in the USA. Typical levels of use are 2 ppm in drinks, 8 ppm in ice cream, and 20 ppm in baked products and confectionery.

Classified as a heterocyclic ester, it is made by reacting tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with acetic anhydride.

Related flavouring compounds are tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate, tetrahydrofurfuryl cinnamate, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate.

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2C4H7O.  In terms of its structure, it consists of a tetrahydrofuran ring substituted in the 2-position with a hydroxymethyl group.  It is a colorless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent and synthetic intermediate, e.g. to 3,4-dihydropyran.  It is prepared by hydrogenation of furfural.  It is a precursor to 1,5-pentanediol.
Robustness (evolution)
In evolutionary biology, robustness of a biological system (also called biological or genetic robustness) is the persistence of a certain characteristic or trait in a system under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty.  Robustness in development is known as canalization.  According to the kind of perturbation involved, robustness can be classified as mutational, environmental, recombinational, or behavioral robustness etc. Robustness is achieved through the combination of many genetic and molecular mechanisms and can evolve by either direct or indirect selection. Several model systems have been developed to experimentally study robustness and its evolutionary consequences.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
Hans Roth (architect)
Hans Roth (July 26, 1934 – August 16, 1999) was a Swiss architect known for his extensive restoration work on the Jesuit mission churches in the Chiquitos region of Bolivia.

Hans Roth was born in Zürich, Switzerland in 1934. He pursued his studies in architecture.

In 1972,  Roth embarked on what was initially a six-month project to restore the Jesuit mission churches in Chiquitos. This project ultimately spanned nearly three decades, ending with his death in 1999.

Chiquitano
The Chiquitano or Chiquitos are an indigenous people of Bolivia, with a small number also living in Brazil. The Chiquitano primarily live in the Chiquitania tropical savanna of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, with a small number also living in Beni Department and in Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the 2012 census, self-identified Chiquitanos made up 1.45% of the total Bolivian population or 145,653 people, the largest number of any lowland ethnic group. A relatively small proportion of Bolivian Chiquitanos speak the Chiquitano language. Many reported to the census that they neither speak the language nor learned it as children. The Chiquitano ethnicity emerged among socially and linguistically diverse populations required to speak a common language by the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos.
Grand master (order)
Grand Master (Latin: Magister Magnus; German: Großmeister or German: Hochmeister (literally 'High Master'); French: Grand Maître; Spanish: Gran Maestre; Portuguese: Grão-Mestre; Swedish: Stormästare) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.

The title also occurs in modern civil fraternal orders such as the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and various other fraternities. Additionally, numerous modern self-styled orders attempt to imitate habits of the former bodies.

Title
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.
AFC Dacia Unirea Brăila
Asociația Fotbal Club 1919 Dacia Unirea Brăila, commonly known as Dacia Unirea Brăila, is a Romanian football club based in the city of Brăila, Brăila County, which competes in the Liga III.

Founded in 1919, among the team's best performances are a sixth-place top division finish in the 1991–92 season and having reached a Cupa României final the following campaign.

The players of Dacia Unirea are nicknamed "the White and Blues" or "the Lions of Cosmoc" (Leii lui Cosmoc), and their home games have been hosted by the Stadionul Municipal since 1974. The club's most notable rivalry is the one against Oțelul Galați.

2010–11 Liga II
The 2010–11 Liga II was the 71st season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The season started on 28 August 2010 and ended on 4 June 2011.

FRF approved the new system with two divisions of 16 teams each, compared to the divisions of 18 teams used last season, thus coming back to the system that was used in the 1953 season, between the 1968–69 season and the 1972–73 season, in the 2001–02 season and in the 2002–03 season. At the end of the season, the top two teams of the series promoted to Liga I and the bottom three places from both series relegated to Liga III.
Leon H. Washington Jr.
Leon H. Washington Jr. (April 15, 1907 – June 17, 1974) was an American newspaper publisher. He was the founder and first publisher of the Los Angeles Sentinel, an African-American newspaper in Los Angeles, California.

The California Eagle
The California Eagle (1879–1964) was a newspaper in Los Angeles for African Americans. It was founded as The Owl in 1879 and later renamed Eagle by John J. Neimore. Charlotta Bass became the owner of the paper after Neimore's death in 1912. She owned and operated the paper, renamed the California Eagle, until 1951. Her husband, J. B. Bass, served as editor until his death in 1934. In the 1920s, they increased circulation to 60,000. Bass was also active as a civil rights campaigner in Los Angeles, working to end segregation in jobs, housing and transportation.

The newspaper was next owned for more than a decade by Loren Miller, who had been city editor. He also worked as a civil liberties lawyer and was a leader in the community. After he sold the paper in 1964 to accept an appointment as a judge of the Superior Court of the State of California [i.e., the trial courts] for Los Angeles County, the publication quickly lost ground, and closed that year.
Lake Frontenac
Lake Frontenac was a proglacial lake in the basin of what is now Lake Ontario.
The sudden influx of fresh water into the Atlantic, as the retreat of the Laurentian Glacier triggered a sudden drop in the lake's water level, may in turn have triggered the onset of the Younger Dryas, 1000-year period of renewed cooling approximately 12000 years ago.

When the retreating ice opened a passage eastward around the north side of the Adirondack Mountains to the basin of Lake Champlain, the lake level fell and the outlet at Rome was abandoned. At this stage the ice barrier or dam rested about on the Frontenac axis of the pre-Cambrian rocks and the lake may therefore be called Lake Frontenac.

Proglacial lake
In geology, a proglacial lake is a lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier, a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. At the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago, large proglacial lakes were a widespread feature in the northern hemisphere.
Manly Vale
Manly Vale  is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 17 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council, in the Northern Beaches region.

Manly Vale is predominantly a residential suburb with commercial land use on Condamine Street, containing small patches of light industrial. It also contains multiple Retirement Villages and Aged Care facilities.

Northern Beaches Council
The Northern Beaches Council is a local government area located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 after the amalgamation of Manly, Pittwater, and Warringah councils.

The Council comprises an area of 254 square kilometres (98 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 263,554, making it the fourth-most populous local government area in New South Wales.

The Mayor of the Northern Beaches Council is Cr. Sue Heins, of the Your Northern Beaches Independent Team, since 16 May 2023.
Khel (clan)
Khel (Pashto: خېل) are sub-tribes of Pashtun tribes in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The title of the tribe ends in Zai and its sub-tribe name ends in Khel. Khel is also a common final element in the names of villages in Afghanistan and in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, such as Darra Adam Khel.

Some of the clans of Pashtun tribes:

Daulat Khel

Ghoryakhel

Hasan Khēl

Isakhel (sub-tribe)

Kamal Khel

Khan Khel

Khizar Khel

Khwaja Khel

Maghdud Khel

Mahmud Khel

Musakhel

Umar Khel

Utmankhel

Jalal khel

Isa Khel (sub-tribe)
Isa Khel is a sub-tribe of the Pashtun tribe, Niazi. The earliest recorded mention of the Isa Khel tribe is in Baburnama, 1504-1505. Most of the tribe still resides in their ancestral town of Isakhel, named after their ancestor Isa Khan Niazi son of Umar Khan Niazi, but a lot have shifted to bigger cities or different towns in pursuit of a better education and livelihood opportunities.
Khabibullin's conjecture on integral inequalities
Khabibullin's conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics related to Paley's problem for plurisubharmonic functions and to various extremal problems in the theory of entire functions of several variables. The conjecture was named after its proposer, B. N. Khabibullin.

There are three versions of the conjecture, one in terms of logarithmically convex functions, one in terms of increasing functions, and one in terms of non-negative functions. The conjecture has implications in the study of complex functions and is related to Euler's Beta function. While the conjecture is known to hold for certain conditions, counterexamples have also been found.

Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
Laiki agora
Laiki agora (λαϊκή αγορά, Greek for people's market), also common in the plural Laikes agores (λαϊκές αγορές, people's markets), are farmers' markets that operate all over Greece, selling foodstuffs and gardening or household equipment, as well as children's toys and various "do it yourself" tools.

It is considered an important social custom and tradition in Greece.

Social relation
A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more conspecifics within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, an economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology, and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the social ecosystem as a whole.
Diana White (artist)
Diana White (19 June 1868  – 21 January 1950) was a British artist and translator.  She painted Impressionist-style landscapes and translated books authored in French and Danish into English.  Her most sought-after work is the 1903 book The Descent of Ishtar, of which only 226 copies were printed.

New English Art Club
The New English Art Club (NEAC) is a society for contemporary artists that was founded in London, England, in 1886 as an alternative venue to the Royal Academy. The NEAC holds an annual exhibition of paintings and drawings at the Mall Galleries in London, exhibiting works by both members and artists from Britain and abroad whose work has been selected from an annual open submission.