hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obadiah Bush
Obadiah Newcomb Bush (January 28, 1797 – February 9, 1851) was an American prospector, businessman and ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of James Smith Bush, grandfather of business magnate Samuel Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, great-great-grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and great-great-great-grandfather of George W. Bush and Jeb Bush.

Samuel P. Bush
Samuel Prescott Bush  (October 4, 1863 – February 8, 1948) was an American steel industry executive and the patriarch of the Bush family. He was the father of U.S. senator Prescott Bush, the paternal grandfather of former U.S. president George H. W. Bush, and the patrilineal great-grandfather of former president George W. Bush and former Florida governor Jeb Bush.

After graduating from the Stevens Institute of Technology, he established himself as one of the leading industrialists of his era.
Austropotamobius
Austropotamobius is a genus of European crayfish in the family Astacidae. It contains four extant species,

Austropotamobius bihariensis  Pârvulescu 2019 — Idle crayfish

Austropotamobius fulcisianus  (Ninni, 1886)

Austropotamobius pallipes  (Lereboullet, 1858) — White-clawed crayfish

Austropotamobius torrentium  (Schrank, 1803) — Stone crayfish

Austropotamobius llopisi ?  (Via, 1971) † Las Hoyas (Cuenca prov.), and El Montsec (Lleida prov.), Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian) (placement in the genus has been questioned)

Austropotamobius torrentium
Austropotamobius torrentium, also called the stone crayfish, is a European species of freshwater crayfish in the family Astacidae. It is mostly found in tributaries of the Danube, having originated in the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Vartan Gregorian
Vartan Gregorian (April 8, 1934 – April 15, 2021) was an Iranian-American of Armenian descent. He was an academic, educator, and historian, and he served as president of the Carnegie Corporation from 1997 to 2021.

Gregorian moved to the United States from Iran at age 22. He graduated with a PhD from Stanford University. He subsequently taught at several universities and his work as a historian focused mainly on the Muslim world. He went on to join the University of Pennsylvania faculty, then as its provost. From 1981 to 1989 he served as president of the New York Public Library during which he succeeded in financially stabilizing the institution and revitalizing its cultural importance. From 1989 to 1997 he served as the first foreign-born president of Brown University. Gregorian's work has been widely acknowledged. He received dozens of honorary doctorates, the National Humanities Medal (1998), and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2004).

Malcolm Yapp
Malcolm Edward Yapp (29 May 1931 – 14 June 2025) was a British historian who was a professor of the modern history of Western Asia at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. He died on 14 June 2025, at the age of 94.
Everyday Is a Winding Road
"Everyday Is a Winding Road" is the second single from American singer and songwriter Sheryl Crow's 1996 eponymous album. Neil Finn, lead singer of Crowded House, provides backing vocals. Paul Hester, another member of Crowded House, was the inspiration for the song. The single was issued in the United Kingdom in November 1996 and was released in the United States the following year.

The single was well-received on the radio and peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and became Crow's fourth and final number-one single in Canada. The song received a nomination for Record of the Year at the 1998 Grammy Awards, losing to "Sunny Came Home" by Shawn Colvin. Billboard and The Guardian both named it as Crow's second-best song.

A music video for this song was directed by Peggy Sirota and filmed in New York City in sepia tone. It features a toy airplane flying from person to person throughout the city.

Sunny Came Home
"Sunny Came Home" is a folk-rock song by American musician Shawn Colvin. It is the opening track on her 1996 concept album, A Few Small Repairs. The song was serviced to contemporary hit radio in the US on February 4, 1997, and was released commercially on June 24. In the United Kingdom, the song was released in July 1997 but did not chart until a re-release in May 1998.

"Sunny Came Home" was a commercial success, reaching number seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 to become Colvin's first entry and first top-10 single on the chart. In Canada, the song peaked at number three, while in Iceland, it reached number 20. The song was also a critical success, winning both Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year and was nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Gateway Pacific Terminal
The Gateway Pacific Terminal was a proposed export terminal at Cherry Point (Lummi: Xwe’chi’eXen) in Whatcom County, Washington, along the Salish Sea shoreline. It was announced in 2011 and would have exported coal, but was opposed by local residents and the Lummi Nation, who had an ancestral village site at Cherry Point. The terminal project was rejected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 2016, ruling that it would infringe on the fishing rights of the Lummi Nation.

Lummi dialect
Lummi (Lummi: Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi people of northwest Washington state, in the United States. Although traditionally referred to as a language, it is mutually intelligible with the other dialects of North Straits.

Although the traditional variety of the Lummi dialect is extinct, New Lummi is spoken on the Lummi reservation and is taught at Ferndale High School, Lummi Nation School, Vista Middle School, Horizon Middle School, Skyline and Eagleridge Elementary Schools, and Northwest Indian College.
Budrus
Budrus (Arabic: بُدرُس) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 31 kilometers northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 1,596 inhabitants in 2017.

1949 Armistice Agreements
The 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. They formally ended the hostilities of the 1948 Palestine War and also demarcated the Green Line, which separated Arab-controlled territory (i.e., the Jordanian-annexed West Bank and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip) from Israel until the latter's victory in the 1967 Six-Day War.

To monitor the agreed-upon de facto border, the United Nations (UN) established supervising and reporting agencies; discussions related to the ceasefire's enforcement led to the signing of the separate Tripartite Declaration of 1950, in which the United States, the United Kingdom, and France pledged to take action within and outside of the UN in order to prevent violations of the frontiers. It also outlined their commitment to peace and stability in the area, their opposition to the use or threat of force, and reiterated their opposition to the development of an arms race between Arab countries and Israel.
2003 Allan Cup
The 2003 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 2002–03 senior "AAA" season.  The event was hosted by the Dundas Real McCoys in Dundas, Ontario.  The 2003 tournament marked the 95th year that the Allan Cup has been awarded.

Allan Cup
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Canada. It was donated by Sir Montagu Allan of Ravenscrag, Montreal, and has been competed for since 1909. It was most recently won by the Wentworth Gryphins in 2025.
Fortín de San Gerónimo
Fortín de San Gerónimo de Boquerón is a small historic fort located at the mouth of the Condado Lagoon in San Juan Islet across from the district of Condado in the barrio of Santurce in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

It was built during the 18th century to replace a smaller battery (called El Boquerón) that stood at the easternmost end of the San Juan islet. The original Boquerón battery was used by the Spanish to defend the city of San Juan from attacks by Sir Francis Drake in 1595 and George Clifford, the third Earl of Cumberland in 1598, who managed to destroy it during his attack. San Gerónimo became part of San Juan's first line of defense, along with the Fortín San Antonio and Escambrón Fort, while the last line of defense was the formidable Castillo San Cristóbal, which guarded the city entrance proper and also defended from land attacks.

Battle of San Juan (1595)
The Battle of San Juan (1595) was a Spanish victory during the Anglo–Spanish War. This war broke out in 1585 and was fought not only in the European theatre but in Spain's American colonies. After emerging from six years of disgrace following the resounding defeat of the English Armada at Lisbon in 1589, Francis Drake embarked on a long and disastrous campaign against the Spanish Main, suffering several consecutive defeats there. On 22 November 1595 Drake and John Hawkins tried to invade San Juan, Puerto Rico with 27 ships and 2,500 men. After failing to be able to land at the Ensenada del Escambron on the eastern end of San Juan Islet, he attempted to sail into San Juan Bay with the intention of sacking the city. Unable to capture the island, following the death of his comrade, John Hawkins, Drake abandoned San Juan, and set sail for Panama where he died from disease and received a burial at sea after failing to establish an English settlement in America.
Cesár Sampson
Cesár Sampson (born 18 August 1983) is an Austrian singer, songwriter, producer, dancer and model. He was also a social worker and fitness coach. He represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Nobody but You", winning the jury vote, coming in 13th place in the televote and finishing in third place overall.

Kristian Kostov
Kristian Konstantinov Kostov (Bulgarian: Кристиан Константинов Костов; born 15 March 2000) is a Bulgarian-Russian singer. He was a finalist in season one of The Voice Kids Russia and a runner-up in the fourth season of X Factor Bulgaria. He represented Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Beautiful Mess", finishing in second place. In January 2018, Kostov won the EBBA Public Choice award. In January 2019, he was one of seven singers who performed in the seventh season of Singer (previously I Am a Singer).
Candelabra primula
The name candelabra primula or candelabra primrose refers to species and cultivars of Primula section Proliferae (formerly Candelabra), originating mainly in the far east. They are characterised by whorls of flowers formed in circles at intervals around strong vertical stems, in many brilliant colours, flowering over a long period from Spring to Summer. They are popular ornamental subjects for moist, heavy, neutral or acidic soil. They associate well with other plants, such as rhododendrons, which enjoy similar conditions.

Primula aurantiaca

Primula bulleyana (including Primula beesiana)

Primula burmanica

Primula chungensis

Primula cockburniana

Primula cooperi

Primula japonica

Primula mallophylla

Primula melanodonta

Primula miyabeana

Primula poissonii

Primula polonensis

Primula prenantha

Primula prolifera (including Primula helodoxa)

Primula pulverulenta

Primula secundiflora

Primula serratifolia

Primula stenodonta

Primula wilsonii

Primula japonica
Primula japonica, the Japanese primrose, Japanese cowslip, Queen of primroses, or valley red, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to Japan. The common name Japanese primrose also applies to the related species Primula sieboldii.

The plant prefers shady, damp, poorly drained conditions such as those found at the edge of streams and ponds. Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which 'Miller's Crimson' and 'Postford white'
 have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Shap Long Reservoir
Shap Long Reservoir (also known as Chi Ma Wan Reservoir or Shap Long Irrigation Reservoir), built in 1955, is a reservoir located in Chi Ma Wan Peninsula and Lantau South Country Park in Chi Ma Wan, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. The Chi Ma Wan Country Trail and the Chi Ma Wan Mountain Bike Trail pass through the reservoir. The reservoir used to be the main water source for the residents of Cheung Chau, Peng Chau and Hei Ling Chau in the Islands District before being converted into an irrigation reservoir in the 1970s.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
South West Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency)
South West Lancashire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was represented by two Members of Parliament. The constituency was created by the Reform Act 1867 by the splitting of the South Lancashire constituency into new South-East  and South-West divisions.

The constituency was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, being divided into eight single member divisions of Bootle, Ince, Leigh, Newton, Ormskirk, St Helens, Southport and Widnes.

Newton (UK Parliament constituency)
Newton was a parliamentary borough in the county of Lancashire, in England.  It was represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1559 to 1707 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until its abolition in 1832.

In 1885 a county constituency with the same name was created and represented by one Member of Parliament. This seat was abolished in 1983.
Aker Maritime
Aker Maritime is a defunct Norwegian petroleum industry supply company. Listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange it was controlled by Aker RGI, owned by Kjell Inge Røkke. The company was created in 1996 when Aker's oil and gas division was merged with Maritime Group. In 2001 Kværner was bought by the Aker Group, and Kværner and Aker Maritime were merged to Aker Kværner (now Aker Solutions) in 2004.

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.
Rainbow Terrace
Rainbow Terrace, now known as Lullwater Estate, is the Mediterranean-style Atlanta mansion built for Lucy Beall Candler Owens Heinz (1882–1962), daughter of Coca-Cola co-founder Asa Griggs Candler. The architect was G. Lloyd Preacher, the architect of Atlanta City Hall. It is located at what is now 1610 Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Druid Hills Historic District.

Henry Heinz was shot by a burglar at Rainbow Terrace in 1943. A domestic servant was convicted of the crime, but rumours persisted that a relative murdered him.

The mansion itself is now divided into condominiums, and is now surrounded by townhouses, all together forming a complex.

Atlanta City Hall
Atlanta City Hall is the headquarters of the City of Atlanta government.  It was constructed in 1930, and is located in Downtown Atlanta.  It is a high-rise office tower very similar to dozens of other city halls built in the United States during the same time period. Located in South Downtown, it is near other governmental structures, such as the Georgia State Capitol and the Fulton County Courthouse. The Neo-Gothic structure features many architectural details that have helped to make the building a historical landmark. It is Atlanta’s fourth city hall.
Timeline of Ontario history
Ontario came into being as a province of Canada in 1867 but historians use the term to cover its entire history dating back to its earliest known beginnings. This article also covers the  history of the territory Ontario now occupies.

For a complete list of the premiers of Ontario, see List of Ontario premiers.

Dresden, Ontario
Dresden is an agricultural community in the municipality of Chatham-Kent in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Located on the Sydenham River, it is named after Dresden, Germany. The main field crops in the area are grain corn, soybean, and winter wheat, and the principal horticultural crops are tomatoes, sweet corn, and carrots.

Dresden was the home of Josiah Henson, an African-Canadian former slave,  abolitionist, and minister, whose life-story was an inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Henson homestead is a historic building near Dresden.

From 1948 to 1956, Dresden was the focus of a campaign by the National Unity Association, led by Hugh Burnett, for racial equality and social justice. The resultant passage of Ontario's Fair Employment Practices Act (1951) and Fair Accommodation Practices Act (1954) paved the way for the enactment of human rights legislation across Canada. § Human rights: the Dresden story

An H chondrite-type meteorite fell near Dresden in 1939.: 64–65
American River 50 Mile Endurance Run
The American River 50 Mile Endurance Run, or AR50, is the second largest 50-mile (80.47 kilometer) ultramarathon beginning in Sacramento, California  and ending in Auburn, California. The event is held annually in April.

For most of the first 19 miles (31 km), the course follows a bike path that runs along the American River, then switches to trails for the remainder of the race.

American River
The American River is a 30-mile-long (50 km) river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in downtown Sacramento. Via the Sacramento River, it is part of the San Francisco Bay watershed. This river is fed by the melting snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and its many headwaters and tributaries, including its North, Middle, and South Forks.

The American River is known for the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma in 1848 that started the California Gold Rush and contributed to the initial large-scale settlement of California by white American migrants. Today, the river still has high quality water, and it is the main source of drinking water for Sacramento. This river is dammed extensively for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power. The American River watershed supports Mediterranean, temperate, and montane ecosystems, and it is the home of a diverse array of fish and wildlife.
Greg Barton (American football)
Greg Lee Barton (July 14, 1946 – August 26, 2019) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Detroit Lions. He was traded from the Lions to the Philadelphia Eagles for a 1971 second-round selection (30th overall–Dave Thompson) and 1972 second- and third-round picks (40th and 65th overall–to Atlanta Falcons and Ken Sanders respectively) on January 28, 1971. He led the 1964 Long Beach Vikings football team to the junior college national championship, and also played college football for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for two seasons as part of a quarterbacking tandem with starter Joe Theismann for the Toronto Argonauts and in the World Football League (WFL) for the Portland Storm.

Dave Thompson (American football)
David Wayne Thompson (born February 1, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Detroit Lions and New Orleans Saints. He was selected by the Lions in the second round of the 1971 NFL draft after playing college football for the Clemson Tigers.
The First and Last Freedom
The First and Last Freedom is a book by 20th-century Indian philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti (⁠1895–1986⁠). Originally published in 1954 with a comprehensive foreword by Aldous Huxley, it was instrumental in broadening Krishnamurti's audience and exposing his ideas. It was one of the first Krishnamurti titles in the world of mainstream, commercial publishing, where its success helped establish him as a viable author. The book also established a format frequently used in later Krishnamurti publications, in which he presents his ideas on various interrelated issues, followed by discussions with one or more participants. As of 2022 several editions of the work had been published, in print and digital media.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Howard DGA-15
The Howard DGA-15 is a single-engine civil aircraft produced in the United States by the Howard Aircraft Corporation from 1939 to 1944. After the United States' entry into World War II, it was built in large numbers for the United States Navy and also served various roles in the United States Army Air Forces.

Wright R-760 Whirlwind
The Wright R-760 Whirlwind was a series of seven-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by the Wright Aeronautical division of Curtiss-Wright. These engines had a displacement of 756 in³ (12.4 L) and power ratings of 225-350 hp (168-261 kW).
Rubroshorea quadrinervis
Rubroshorea quadrinervis (called, along with some other species in the genera Rubroshorea and Shorea, light red meranti) is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Rubroshorea
Rubroshorea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It includes 71 species of trees native to Borneo, Caroline Islands, Java, Malaya, Maluku, the Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.

The genus corresponds to the Red meranti group in the Dipterocarp timber classification system.
Fatehpur (Kasur)
Fatehpur  (Urdu: فتح پُور) is a town and Union Council of Kasur District in the Punjab Pakistan. It is a part of Kasur Tehsil and is located at 31°1'14N 74°19'53E with an altitude of 173 metres (570 feet).

Kasur District
Kasur District is a district within the Lahore Division of Punjab, Pakistan. It was established on 1 July 1976; prior to its creation, the area comprised two tehsils (Kasur Tehsil and Chunian Tehsil) of Lahore District. According to the 2023 Pakistani census Kasur District had a population of 4,081,568 (4.8 million).

The district capital is Kasur city, the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, who is well known in that region as well as in the whole of Pakistan. The total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres.

There is a DHQ hospital in Kasur city which has been recently named as Bulleh Shah Hospital. There is a THQ Hospital in each of its tehsils. Apart from main hospitals, there are 12 rural health centers and 82 basic health units in Kasur district.