hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1964 State of the Union Address
The 1964 State of the Union Address was given by Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States, on Wednesday, January 8, 1964, to the 88th United States Congress in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was Johnson's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress after the assassination of his predecessor John F. Kennedy in November 1963. Presiding over this joint session was House speaker John W. McCormack, accompanied by Senate president pro tempore Carl Hayden.

In the speech, Johnson announced his War on Poverty initiative, declaring "This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort." Johnson thus discussed the need to improve the unemployment rate, urged equal civil rights for all Americans, and proposed a reduced budget for the next fiscal year.

88th United States Congress
The 88th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1963, to January 3, 1965, during the final months of the presidency of John F. Kennedy, and the first years of the presidency of his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census, and the number of members was again 435 (it had temporarily been 437 in order to seat one member each from recently admitted states of Alaska and Hawaii).

Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority - including a filibuster-proof supermajority in the Senate - and with President Kennedy, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

To date, this is the earliest Congress with members still living: Don Fuqua, Alec G. Olson, and William J. Green III.
Protocrystalline
A protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth, which evolves into a microcrystalline form. The term is typically associated with silicon films in optical applications such as solar cells.

Crystal growth
Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline lattice. The growth typically follows an initial stage of either homogeneous or heterogeneous (surface catalyzed) nucleation, unless a "seed" crystal, purposely added to start the growth, was already present.

The action of crystal growth yields a crystalline solid whose atoms or molecules are close packed, with fixed positions in space relative to each other.
The crystalline state of matter is characterized by a distinct structural rigidity and very high resistance to deformation (i.e. changes of shape and/or volume). Most crystalline solids have high values both of Young's modulus and of the shear modulus of elasticity. This contrasts with most liquids or fluids, which have a low shear modulus, and typically exhibit the capacity for macroscopic viscous flow.
Mining Remediation Authority
The Mining Remediation Authority is a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). It owns the vast majority of unworked coal in Great Britain, as well as former coal mines, and undertakes a range of functions including:

licensing coal mining operations

matters with respect to coal mining subsidence damage outside the areas of responsibility of coal mining licensees

dealing with property and historical liability issues; for example environmental projects, mine water treatment schemes and surface hazards relating to past coal mining

providing public access to information held by the Mining Remediation Authority on coal mining

The Mining Remediation Authority changed its public name from the Coal Authority in November 2024. As of 2025, the Coal Authority remains the legal name of the organisation, as set by law.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Poibrene Heights
Poibrene Heights are the heights rising to 948 m (Dimcha Peak) on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  They are extending 18 km in northwest-southeast direction and 10 km wide, and surmounting Evans Glacier to the north, Vaughan Inlet to the northeast, the coastal Whiteside Hill to the east, Foyn Point to the southeast, Kunino Point and Exasperation Inlet to the south, and Punchbowl Glacier to the southwest.  The heights are separated from Forbidden Plateau by Vishna Pass.

The feature is named after the settlement of Poibrene in southern Bulgaria.

Whiteside Hill
Whiteside Hill (65°8′S 61°38′W﻿ / ﻿65.133°S 61.633°W﻿ / -65.133; -61.633) is an ice-covered hill rising to 330 m on Blagoevgrad Peninsula on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.  An offshoot of the hill ending 3 km to the northeast forms the southwest side of the entrance to Vaughan Inlet. This area was observed from the air by Sir Hubert Wilkins on December 20, 1928. The feature was first charted as a point during 1947 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). In 1955, FIDS reported that the point is not marked by any rock exposures and merges so gradually with the ice of Evans Glacier that the hill is the feature to which the name should be applied. The descriptive name was given by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Whiteside Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Operation Concert
Operation Concert was a Soviet military operation during World War II, conducted as part of the Rail War sabotage campaign. It was one of the largest operations of World War II in its effects on the incapacitation of railroad communications in the logistics of the enemy rear. The operation was conducted through a plan developed by and under the management of the Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement at the Stavka VGC (Chief Military Committee), and was coordinated with the forthcoming offensive of the Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and intended crossing of the Dnieper as part of the Summer–Autumn Campaign of 1943 (1 July – 31 December). The operation included participation of 193 partisan detachments and groups totalling more than 210,000 men, women, and children.

Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement
The Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement (Russian: Центральный штаб партизанского движения (ЦШПД), romanized: Tsentral'nyj shtab partizanskovo dvizheniya (TsShPD)) was the central organ of military control of the Soviet partisans, resistance movements who fought against German occupation in World War II. Located at the Headquarters of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, the GKO created it in May 1942 in order to unite the leadership of the Soviet partisan forces behind enemy lines. The State Defense Committee disbanded it in January 1944 due to most partisan detachments operating in Ukraine and Belarus, which already had their own headquarters for the partisan movement.
Oath of Fidelity and Support
The Province of Maryland was a colony of Great Britain from 1632 until 1776, where Maryland declared itself a sovereign state as one of the Thirteen Colonies declaring independence from Great Britain. The Thirteen Colonies came together to sign the United States Declaration of Independence (the founding document of the United States), which outlined why the United States of America would no longer be subject to British rule and that the Thirteen Colonies would be regarding themselves as sovereign states. This was because they did not want the British to have the power to control the United States, as the British monarchy imposed many laws and taxes, such as the Sugar Act, the Intolerable Acts, Taxation without representation, and the Stamp Act. Many colonists were angry as they were paying taxes to a government that they had no say in and no representation in. They believed that King George III did not care for their interests, and thus wanted independence from British rule.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad EL-5 class
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad EL-5 class locomotives were a class of 26 articulated 2-8-8-0 "Consolidation Mallet" steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1919–1920, and were large and heavily modified articulated locomotives built for heavy coal drag on the Baltimore & Ohio. The locomotives were in use through World War II and started to be replaced soon after the war by dieselization. The locomotives began retirement in the 1950s with the last unit removed from service in 1955. None of the locomotives were preserved.

2-8-8-0
In the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-8-8-0 is a locomotive with a two-wheel leading truck, two sets of eight driving wheels, and no trailing truck.
Automotive industry in Mexico
Motorcars first arrived in Mexico City in 1903. Since then, several vehicle brands have been especially successful. A number of manufacturers make vehicles in Mexico, and many brands have been and continue to be available.

Opel Corsa
The Opel Corsa is a supermini car manufactured and marketed by Opel since 1982. The car is known as the Vauxhall Corsa in the United Kingdom. Before General Motors sold Opel and Vauxhall to PSA Group in 2017, the Corsa was also rebadged under the Chevrolet, Holden and Buick brands.

The Corsa was once the best-selling car in the world in 1998, recording 910,839 sales. At that time, the Corsa assembled on four continents, marketed under five different marques and offered in five body styles. By 2007, over 18 million Corsas had been sold globally.
2017 African Handball Super Cup
The 2017 African Handball Super Cup (23rd edition), also known as Babacar Fall Super Cup, in honour of the first chairman of the African Handball Confederation, was a handball competition organized by the African Handball Confederation, under the auspices of the International Handball Federation, the handball sport governing body. The matches, held on 12 April 2017 in Agadir, Morocco, were contested by Al Ahly SC, the 2016 African Handball Champions League winner and Zamalek, the 2016 African Handball Cup Winners' Cup winner, on the man's side and Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto, the 2016 African Women's Handball Champions League winner and CARA Brazzaville in absence of TKC of Cameroon. Al Ahly SC, on the man's side and Primeiro de Agosto, on the woman's side, were the winners.

Al Ahly SC and Primeiro de Agosto qualified for the 2017 IHF Super Globe.

2017 IHF Super Globe
The 2017 IHF Super Globe was the eleventh edition of the tournament. It was held in Doha, Qatar at the Duhail Handball Sports Hall from 25 to 28 August 2017.

Barcelona captured their third title after a 29–25 final win over Berlin.
South Carolina Highway 421
South Carolina Highway 421 (SC 421) is a 10.360-mile (16.673 km) state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is an alternate route to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and US 78 between North Augusta and Aiken.

Aiken, South Carolina
Aiken is the most populous city in, and the county seat of, Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. According to 2020 census, the population was 32,025, making it the 15th-most populous city in South Carolina, and one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area.

Founded in 1835, Aiken was named after William Aiken, the president of the South Carolina Railroad. It became part of Aiken County when the county was formed in 1871. In the late 19th century, Aiken gained fame as a wintering spot for wealthy people from the Northeast. Thomas Hitchcock, Sr. and William C. Whitney established the Aiken Winter Colony. Over the years Aiken became a winter home for many notable people, including George H. Bostwick, James B. Eustis, Madeleine Astor, William Kissam Vanderbilt, Eugene Grace, president of Bethlehem Steel, Allan Pinkerton, and W. Averell Harriman.

Aiken is home to the University of South Carolina Aiken.
Vagabonds RUFC
Vagabonds RUFC also known as simply Vagabonds or by their nickname Vagas is a rugby union club located in Douglas, Isle of Man. They are affiliated with the English Rugby Football Union with their Men's Team currently playing in the South Lancs/Cheshire 3 division and the Ladies team playing in North West 1.

Douglas R.U.F.C.
Douglas Rugby Club (also referred to as DRUFC) is a rugby union club based in Douglas on the Isle of Man. The club has two senior sides and age-range teams encompassing both mini and junior rugby. The men's 1st XV currently play in Regional 2 North West, at the sixth tier of the English rugby union system, following their promotion from South Lancs/Cheshire 1 via a play-off at the end of the 2016–17 season.
Dictyosporium
Dictyosporium is the type genus of fungi belonging to the family Dictyosporiaceae. By an estimate in 2018 it is formed by 45 species.

The species in this genus are saprobic on dead or decaying wood and can be found on dead wood and plant litter in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.  The genus can be found worldwide, it has a cosmopolitan distribution. The type species is Dictyosporium elegans, which was described by August Carl Joseph Corda in  Witenweber (1836).

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Place de la Monnaie
The Place de la Monnaie (French, pronounced [plas də la mɔ.nɛ]) or Muntplein (Dutch, pronounced [ˈmʏntˌplɛin]), meaning "Mint Square", is a major square in central Brussels, Belgium. The Royal Theatre of La Monnaie, home to the National Opera of Belgium, is located on this square. It is served by the metro and premetro (underground tram) station De Brouckère on lines 1, 4, 5 and 10.

Louis Damesme
Louis Emmanuel Aimé Damesme (French pronunciation: [lwi emanɥɛl ɛme damɛm]) was a French architect famous for designing the Royal Theatre of La Monnaie and the House of Jacques-Louis David, in Brussels. He was born in Magny-en-Vexin on 19 April 1757 and died in Paris on 14 April 1822. Damesme was head of the architectural studio of Claude-Nicolas Ledoux.
José Luis Carreño
José Luis Carreño Etxeandía S. D. B. (23 October 1905 – 29 May 1986) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest.

He was a missionary in India and the Philippines, founder of the Indian institution Sacred Heart College, Thirupattur, Vellore District, and a member of the Salesians of Don Bosco. He was also a poet, musician and writer, with a special interest in the Shroud of Turin (see Bibliography below). He has been called the most loved Salesian in South India, at least in the first part of the twentieth century. Pascual Chavez Villanueva, Rector Major of the Salesians, speaks of him as "the great missionary of India and of the Philippines in the footsteps of St Francis Xavier".

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Romantic Girls
Romantic Girls (Italian: Romantiche) is a 2023 Italian anthology comedy film co-written and directed by Pilar Fogliati, at her directorial debut. Based on a series of viral skits that Fogliati had posted on the web and later adapted in the radio program Non è un paese per giovani, it has Fogliati playing four characters from different geographical and social backgrounds. For her performance she got a Nastro d'Argento for best actress in a comedy film and a Globo d'Oro for best actress. The film also won the  Globo d'Oro for best comedy film.

Globo d'oro
The Globo d'oro (internationally known as Italian Golden Globe) is an Italian annual film award. It was founded in 1959 by the Foreign Press Association in Italy.  The Globo d'oro Awards for Italian cinema are given by the Foreign Press.

The first awards ceremony took place in 1960 and was won by the film The Facts of Murder by Pietro Germi.

The edition 1981–1982 saw the participation of the President of the Italian Republic, Sandro Pertini.

The Premio alla carriera (Lifetime Achievement Award) was created in 1995.

The European Golden Globe was created in 2005.
Cosmos Phase II
The Cosmos Phase II and Phase III are a series of French two-seat flying wing ultralight trikes that were produced by Cosmos ULM of Fontaine-lès-Dijon and now by Cosmos Ultralight of Puente de Ixtla, Mexico. The aircraft are supplied as factory completed aircraft and are not available as kits.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
1995 Bermudian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in Bermuda on 16 August 1995 for voters to decide whether Bermuda should become an independent sovereign state or remain a British Dependent Territory. On a voter turnout of 59%, 74% voted against independence. Following the decisive result, Premier John Swan, who had been in favour of independence, resigned.

Independence referendum
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the residents of a territory decide whether the territory should become an independent sovereign state. An independence referendum that results in a vote for independence does not always ultimately result in independence.
Gloria in excelsis Deo
"Gloria in excelsis Deo" (Latin for 'Glory to God in the highest') is a Christian hymn known also as the Greater Doxology (as distinguished from the "Minor Doxology" or Gloria Patri) and the Angelic Hymn or Hymn of the Angels. The name is often abbreviated to Gloria in Excelsis or simply Gloria.

The hymn begins with the words that the angels sang in the annunciation to the shepherds of the birth of Jesus according to the nativity story in the Christian Bible, in Latin in the Douay-Rheims Bible. Other verses were added very early, forming a doxology.

An article by David Flusser links the text of the verse in Luke with ancient Jewish liturgy.

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
The Baden-Baden Lesson on Consent
The Baden-Baden Lesson on Consent (German: Badener Lehrstück vom Einverständnis) is a Lehrstück by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, written in collaboration with Slatan Dudow and Elisabeth Hauptmann. Under the title Lehrstück it was first performed, with music by Paul Hindemith, as part of the Baden-Baden festival on 28 July 1929, at the Stadthalle, Baden-Baden, directed by Brecht, designed by Heinz Porep.

Heiner Müller
Heiner Müller (German: [haɪnɐ ˈmʏlɐ]; 9 January 1929 – 30 December 1995) was a German (formerly East German) dramatist, poet, writer, essayist and theatre director. His "enigmatic, fragmentary pieces" are a significant contribution to postmodern drama and postdramatic theatre.