hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kouhrang 1 Dam
The Kouhrang 1 Dam is a masonry gravity dam on the Kouhrang River about 4 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Chelgard in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. The primary purpose of the dam is to divert up to 320,000,000 m3 (260,000 acre⋅ft) of water annually via the 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long Kouhrang 1 Tunnel to the Zayandeh River to the east where it would help supply cities like Isfahan with water. Since the era of Shah Abbas I, attempts had been made to diver the Kouhrang to the Zayandeh. Eventually, efforts by Alexander Gibb between 1948 and 1954 led to the completion of the Kouhrang 1 Dam and Tunnel.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Duke of Choiseul
The Duke of Choiseul is a title in the Peerage of France, created twice for the benefit of members of the House of Choiseul; three other duchies (Amboise, Praslin, Stainville) are also commonly associated with the name of Choiseul.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Behrang Safari
Behrang Safari (Persian: بهرنگ صفری, Persian pronunciation: [behræŋɡ sæfæriː]; born 9 February 1985) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his professional career with Malmö FF in 2004, he went on to represent FC Basel and RSC Anderlecht before retiring at Malmö in 2020. A full international between 2008 and 2013, he won 31 caps for the Sweden national team and was named in their UEFA Euro 2012 squad.

2013–14 Swiss Super League
The 2013–14 Swiss Super League was the 117th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. It began on 13 July 2013 and ended on 18 May 2014. Basel successfully defended their title for a record fifth time in a row.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league. The 9 best teams from the 2012–13 season and the 2012–13 Swiss Challenge League champion FC Aarau.
Languages of New Zealand
English is the predominant language and a de facto official language of New Zealand. Almost the entire population speak it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. The New Zealand English dialect is most similar to Australian English in pronunciation, with some key differences. The Māori language of the indigenous Māori people was made the first de jure official language in 1987. New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL) has been an official language since 2006. Many other languages are used by New Zealand's minority immigrant communities.

Cook Islands Māori
Cook Islands Māori is an Eastern Polynesian language that is an official language of the Cook Islands. It is closely related to, but distinct from, New Zealand Māori. Cook Islands Māori is called just Māori when there is no need to distinguish it from New Zealand Māori. It is also known as Māori Kūki ʻĀirani (or Maori Kuki Airani), or as Rarotongan. Many Cook Islanders also call it Te Reo Ipukarea, which translates as 'the language of the ancestral homeland'.
Ricky van Wolfswinkel
Ricky van Wolfswinkel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɪki vɑɱ ˈʋɔl(ə)fsˌʋɪŋkəl]; born 27 January 1989) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a striker for Eredivisie club Twente. He has played top-flight football in the Netherlands, Portugal, England, France, Spain and Switzerland and has been capped twice by the Netherlands national team.

Stadion Wankdorf
Wankdorf Stadium (German: Stadion Wankdorf) is a football stadium in Bern, Switzerland. The second largest all-seater football stadium in Switzerland, it is the home ground of BSC Young Boys. It was also one of the venues for UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Women's Euro 2025.
Robinson: Love Edition
Robinson: Love Edition is the sixteenth season of Expedition Robinson, the Swedish version of Survivor, and the first to air on Sjuan. Linda Lindorff, the host of Robinson 2009, returned to host this season. Fitting with the season's theme, all contestants were single people between the ages of 20 and 42, the tribes were initially divided by gender, and a pair composed of one man and one woman won the season.

Robinson 2009
Robinson: 2009 is the tenth version of Expedition Robinson (now shortened to Robinson) to air in Sweden and it premiered on 21 March 2009 on the Swedish television channel TV4. It was the first season of the show to air since the show's initial cancellation in 2005.

As a twist this season there were initially no tribes, instead contestants had to earn a spot on a tribe by surviving a challenge and the first tribal council. Another twist was that some of the contestants would have to compete in duels in order to avoid elimination. Ellenor Pierre eventually went on to win the season with a jury vote of 4–3 over Jarmo Heinonen.
Human reproductive ecology
Human reproductive ecology is a subfield in evolutionary biology that is concerned with human reproductive processes and responses to ecological variables. It is based in the natural and social sciences, and is based on theory and models deriving from human and animal biology, evolutionary theory, and ecology. It is associated with fields such as evolutionary anthropology and seeks to explain human reproductive variation and adaptations. The theoretical orientation of reproductive ecology applies the theory of natural selection to reproductive behaviors, and has also been referred to as the evolutionary ecology of human reproduction.

Paternal care
In biology, paternal care is parental investment provided by a male to his own offspring. It is a complex social behavior in vertebrates associated with animal mating systems, life history traits, and ecology. Paternal care may be provided in concert with the mother (biparental care) or, more rarely, by the male alone (exclusive paternal care).

The provision of care, by either males or females, is presumed to increase growth rates, quality, and/or survival of the young, ultimately increasing the inclusive fitness of the parents. In a variety of vertebrate species (e.g., about 80% of birds and about 6% of mammals), both males and females invest heavily in their offspring. Many of these bi-parental species are socially monogamous, so individuals remain with their mate for at least one breeding season.

Exclusive paternal care has evolved multiple times in a variety of organisms, including invertebrates, fishes, and amphibians.
Xun Yi
Xun Yi (early 200s - 19 June 274), courtesy name Jingqian, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Wei, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, which replaced Wei in February 266. He was the sixth son of Xun Yu.

Three Ducal Ministers
The Three Ducal Ministers (Chinese: 三公; pinyin: Sān Gōng), also translated as the Three Dukes, Three Excellencies, or the Three Lords, was the collective name for the three highest officials in Ancient China and Imperial China. These posts were abolished by Cao Cao in 208 AD and replaced with the position of Grand Chancellor. When Cao Cao's son Cao Pi became Prince of Wei after his father's death, he reinstated the three positions. Hua Xin was made Chancellor, Jia Xu was made Grand Commandant and Wang Lang was made Grand Secretary. When Cao Pi founded the Cao Wei dynasty in late 220, Hua Xin was made Cao Wei's first Minister of the Masses, Jia Xu remained as Grand Commandant, and Wang Lang was made the first Minister of Works.
Green Grove, Ceredigion
Green Grove is a small village in the  community of Llanfihangel Ystrad, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 64.9 miles (104.4 km) from Cardiff and 179.1 miles (288.2 km) from London. Green Grove is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Llanfihangel Ystrad
Llanfihangel Ystrad (Welsh for 'vale of St Michael') is a community and constituent parish in Ceredigion, Wales. It is named after the principal place of worship, St Michael's Church at Ystrad Aeron.

The total population of the community taken at the United Kingdom Census 2011 was 1,430.

Villages within the community include Ystrad Aeron, Felinfach, Dihewyd, Cribyn and Temple Bar.
Clifford module
In mathematics, a Clifford module is a representation of a Clifford algebra. In general a Clifford algebra C is a central simple algebra over some field extension L of the field K over which the quadratic form Q defining C is defined.

The abstract theory of Clifford modules was founded by a paper of M. F. Atiyah, R. Bott and Arnold S. Shapiro. A fundamental result on Clifford modules is that the Morita equivalence class of a Clifford algebra (the equivalence class of the category of Clifford modules over it) depends only on the signature p − q (mod 8). This is an algebraic form of Bott periodicity.

Clifford algebra
In mathematics, a Clifford algebra is an algebra generated by a vector space with a quadratic form, and is a unital associative algebra with the additional structure of a distinguished subspace. As K-algebras, they generalize the real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions and several other hypercomplex number systems. The theory of Clifford algebras is intimately connected with the theory of quadratic forms and orthogonal transformations. Clifford algebras have important applications in a variety of fields including geometry, theoretical physics and digital image processing. They are named after the English mathematician William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879).

The most familiar Clifford algebras, the orthogonal Clifford algebras, are also referred to as (pseudo-)Riemannian Clifford algebras, as distinct from symplectic Clifford algebras.
Empress Shōshi
Fujiwara no Shōshi (藤原彰子; 988 – October 25, 1074), also known as  Jōtōmon-in (上東門院), the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, was Empress of Japan from c. 1000 to c. 1011. Her father sent her to live in the Emperor Ichijō's harem at age 12. Because of his power, influence and political machinations she quickly achieved the status of second empress (中宮, Chūgū). As empress she was able to surround herself with a court of talented and educated ladies-in-waiting such as Murasaki Shikibu, author of The Tale of Genji.

By the age of 20, Shōshi had given birth to two sons for Ichijō, both of whom went on to become emperors and secured the status of the Fujiwara line. In her late 30s she took vows as a Buddhist nun, renouncing imperial duties and titles, assuming the title of imperial lady. She continued to be an influential member of the imperial family until her death at age 86.

Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.
USS Joseph E. Connolly
USS Joseph E. Connolly (DE-450) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket. Post-war she returned home with one battle star to her credit.

Joseph E. Connolly (DE-450) was named in honor of Joseph Edward Connolly who was killed in the Guadalcanal campaign and was awarded the Navy Cross.

John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
The John C. Butler class were destroyer escorts that originated during World War II. The lead ship was USS John C. Butler, commissioned on 31 March 1944. The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse geared turbine drive. Of the 293 ships originally planned, 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down; three were not completed until after the end of World War II.
Tbilisi Metro
The Tbilisi Metro (Georgian: თბილისის მეტროპოლიტენი, romanized: tbilisis met'rop'olit'eni) is a rapid transit system in the Georgian capital Tbilisi. Opened on 11 January 1966, it was the fourth metro system in the former Soviet Union. Like other ex-Soviet metros, most of the stations are very deep and vividly decorated.

At present, the system consists of two lines, 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi) in total length, serving 23 stations. In 2017, the Metro transported 113.827 million passengers. The Metro is operated by the Tbilisi Transport Company, which began operation the same year as the Tbilisi Metro, in 1966.

State University (Tbilisi Metro)
The State University metro station (Georgian: სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, romanized: sakhelmts'ipo universit'et'i) is located on Saburtalo Line in Tbilisi, Georgia. It is the western terminus of the Saburtalo Line.

Construction of the State University station began in 1985 but ceased due to financial difficulties in 1994 and conserved in 2000. The station was completed close between 2015 and 2017 with the help of the Asian Development Bank. It was opened on 16 October 2017. Shortly after opening, in January of 2018, Siemens fitted a modern signaling system which covers 2.6km of track  which stretches from Delisi to State University, and electronically controls all the interlockings on this segment, which includes State University.
A Grape Dope
John Herndon (born April 9, 1966) is an American musician and artist. Based in Chicago, he was a founding member of the post-rock band Tortoise, where he plays drums and percussion.

Herndon also works as a producer for instrumental hip hop under the name A Grape Dope.

Doseone
Adam Kidd Drucker (born April 21, 1977), better known by his stage name Doseone, is an American rapper, producer, poet and artist. He is a co-founder of the indie hip hop record label Anticon. He has also been a member of numerous groups including Deep Puddle Dynamics, A7pha, Greenthink, Clouddead, Themselves, Subtle, 13 & God, Go Dark, and Nevermen.
Malcolm Preserve
The Malcolm Preserve is an 11-acre (45,000 m2) nature reserve in Carlisle, Massachusetts. It is co-managed by the Trustees of Reservations and the Carlisle Conservation Foundation. Composed of former farmland, the preserve has a half-mile trail that connects to trails in Estabrook Woods and the Punkatasset Reserve in Concord.

It was purchased for preservation in 1998 by the Carlisle Conservation Foundation and The Trustees of Reservations.

Punkatasset Hill
Punkatasset Hill is a hill in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States. At 289 feet (88 m), it is one of the highest points in the town.

The hill was formerly called Broad-topped Hill by the native Indians and was cultivated and farmed from the 17th century on.

It was used as a vantage point by Concord Minutemen during the Battles of Lexington and Concord, in 1775.

In the late 19th century, on clear days, Boston, Mount Wachusett, and Mount Monadnock were visible from the summit. In the early 20th century, Punkatasset Hill had Concord's only ski slope. There was never a ski lift, but ski jumping contests were held there in the 1930s. Today the slope is cleared, but not used for skiing.

In 1971 the land ceased to be private property, when it was sold to the town and designated as conservation land. Today, Punkatasset Hill and the adjacent Estabrook Woods are popular hiking and walking destinations.
Octanol-water partition coefficient
The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water. Kow is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio.

Kow serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water.

If a substance is present as several chemical species in the octanol-water system due to association or dissociation, each species is assigned its own Kow value. A related value, D, does not distinguish between different species, only indicating the concentration ratio of the substance between the two phases.

Hans Horst Meyer
Hans Horst Meyer (17 March 1853 – 6 October 1939) was a German pharmacologist. He studied medicine and did research in pharmacology.  The Meyer-Overton hypothesis on the mode of action on general anaesthetics is partially named after him.  He also discovered the importance of glucuronic acid as a reaction partner for drugs, and the mode of action of tetanus toxin on the body.
Beltsville Small White
The Beltsville Small White is a modern American breed of domestic turkey. It was developed from 1934 at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland, and was named for that town and for its physical characteristics — small size and white plumage. It enjoyed a brief period of commercial success in the mid-twentieth century, but numbers then declined sharply; in the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed, and may be considered a heritage turkey breed.

Rare breed
In modern agriculture, a rare breed is a breed of poultry or livestock that has a very small breeding population, usually from a few hundred to a few thousand. Because of their small numbers, rare breeds may have a threatened conservation status, and they may be protected under regional laws. Many countries have organizations devoted to the protection and promotion of rare breeds, for which they each have their own definition. In botany and horticulture, the parallel to rare animal breeds are heirloom plants, which are rare cultivars.
Xcast
The explicit multi-unicast (Xcast) is a variation of multicast that supports a great number of  multicast sessions with a small number of recipients in each. It adds all the destination IP addresses in the IP header, instead of using a multicast address. The traditional multicast schemes over Internet Protocol (IP) scale to multicast groups with many members, but they have scalability problems for a great number of groups. Multicast schemes can be used to minimize the bandwidth consumption. Xcast minimizes bandwidth consumption for small groups, by eliminating the signaling protocols and state information for every session of the standard IP multicast scheme.

Unicast
In computer networking, unicast is a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another point; that is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address.

Unicast is in contrast to multicast and broadcast which are one-to-many transmissions.

Internet Protocol unicast delivery methods such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are typically used.
Helena of Adiabene
Helena of Adiabene (Ancient Greek: Ἑλένη, romanized: Helénē, Hebrew: הִילְנִי, romanized: Hīlənī; died c. 50–56 CE) was a queen mother of Adiabene, a vassal state of the Parthian Empire. With her husband, and probably also brother, Monobaz I, she was the mother of Izates II and Monobaz II. Helena became a convert to Judaism about the year 30 CE. According to Josephus, Helena was the daughter of King Izates. Moses of Chorene makes her the chief wife of Abgar V, king of Edessa.

Queen mother
A queen mother is a former queen, often a queen dowager, who is the mother of the reigning monarch. The term has been used in English, since the early 1560s. It arises in hereditary monarchies in Europe and is also used to describe a number of similar yet distinct monarchical concepts in non-European cultures around the world. The rank does not go to all mothers of monarchs though. A mother of a ruling monarch may only be referred to as queen mother if she was a queen consort as opposed to a princess consort.

"The Queen Mother" usually, in English, refers to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (queen consort, 1936–1952; queen mother, 1952–2002), who was the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and one of the few people to use the term as an official style. However, it was also used as an official title in Thailand where Sirikit, the mother of King Vajiralongkorn, was officially styled "The Queen Mother".
Guddal
Guddal is a village in Fjaler Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located in the Guddalen valley, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of the village of Flekke. The village of Vadheim (in Høyanger Municipality) lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the southeast of Guddal. The village is the site of Guddal Church, which serves the whole valley. The local economy is centered on agriculture and forestry.

Vadheim
Vadheim is a village in Høyanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the north shore of the Sognefjorden, along the small Vadheimsfjorden branch. The European route E39 highway runs through the village.  t is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the village of Lavik, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northwest of the village of Kyrkjebø, and about 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) northwest of the village of Austreim.

The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village had a population (2018) of 246 and a population density of 665 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,720/sq mi). Since 2018, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
Tokyo Disney Resort
The Tokyo Disney Resort (東京ディズニーリゾート, Tōkyō Dizunī Rizōto) (local nickname TDR) is a theme park and vacation resort located in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, just east of Tokyo. The resort is owned and operated by the Oriental Land Co., a subsidiary of the Keisei Electric Railway, under a license from The Walt Disney Company, which designed and constructed the resort and its various attractions through its Imagineering research & development arm.

The resort opened on April 15, 1983, as a single theme park (Tokyo Disneyland), later developing into a resort with a second theme park (Tokyo DisneySea), six Disney themed hotels, six non-Disney hotels and a shopping complex (Ikspiari). Tokyo Disneyland was the first Disney theme park to open outside the United States and the complex is the only Disney resort in the world not owned or operated by Disney Experiences in any capacity.

Bon Voyage! (shop)
Bon Voyage! (ボン・ヴォヤージュ, Bon Voyāju) is an official Disney souvenir shop located in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. The shop is shaped like an oversized suitcase and stays open one hour longer than Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea. The shop has original merchandise, as well as merchandise from Tokyo Disney Resort and its two parks. The shop is located outside the theme parks. It is the resort's equivalent of the World of Disney stores at other Disney resorts.