hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, GHB, or 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to GABA, glutamate, and glycine in certain brain areas.  It acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABAB receptor. GHB has been used in medicine as a general anesthetic and as treatment for cataplexy, narcolepsy, and alcoholism. It is also used illicitly for performance enhancement, date rape, and recreation.

It is commonly used in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB, sodium oxybate, or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (KGHB, potassium oxybate). GHB is produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef, and small citrus fruits.

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Weaver's Antique Service Station
Weaver's Antique Service Station is a gas station built in c.1930, which is restored and still evocative of the 1930s, located in Burlington, West Virginia on Northwestern Turnpike (also known as U.S. Route 50), near its intersection with Patterson Creek Road.

It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building within the Burlington Historic District.   It is a vernacular wood-frame building, with stucco plaster over 1/8 inch wire mesh.  A wood outbuilding, built c.1900, is included in the property, which in 1992 served as a museum of local historical artifacts.  It is located on the south side of U.S. Route 50.

Northwestern Turnpike
The Northwestern Turnpike is a historic road in West Virginia (Virginia at the time the road was created), important for being historically one of the major roads crossing the Appalachians, financed by the Virginia Board of Public Works in the 1830s. In modern times, west of Winchester, Virginia, U.S. Route 50 follows the path of the Northwestern Turnpike into West Virginia, whose major Corridor D project follows the western section of the original Northwestern Turnpike.
Aleksey Botyan
Aleksey Nikolayevich Botyan other name, Alexei Botian (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Ботян; 10 February 1917 – 13 February 2020) was a Soviet and Russian spy and intelligence officer. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2007 for his role in protecting the Polish city of Kraków from destruction by the Nazis in January 1945.

Botyan died in Moscow on 13 February 2020, at the age of 103. President of Russia Vladimir Putin offered his condolences in an official message, stating "The legendary scout, a strong, extraordinary personality, passed away. He was the leader and participant in brilliant special operations, which became an important contribution to the Great Victory and are forever inscribed in domestic and world history." Botyan was buried with military honours in the Alley of Heroes in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery on 17 February.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Annett's key
In British, Australian, French, and Swiss railway signalling, an Annett's key is a form of trapped-key interlocking that locks levers or other items of signalling apparatus, thereby serving as a portable form of interlocking. The purpose is to prevent access from  sidings to the running line without authority. When not in use, the key is normally held in an Annett's lock that is fixed to the lever or concerned apparatus.

Interlocking
In railway signalling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. In North America, a set of signalling appliances and tracks interlocked together are sometimes collectively referred to as an interlocking plant or just as an interlocking. An interlocking system is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe.

Interlocking is a safety measure designed to prevent signals and points/switches from being changed in an improper sequence. For example, interlocking would prevent a signal from being changed to indicate a diverging route, unless the corresponding points/switches had been changed first. In North America, the official railroad definition of interlocking is: "An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence".
Hoppla, We're Alive!
Hoppla, We're Alive! (German: Hoppla, wir leben!) is a Neue Sachlichkeit (or "New Objectivity") play by the German playwright Ernst Toller. Its second production, directed by the seminal epic theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1927, was a milestone in the history of theatre. The British playwright Mark Ravenhill based his Some Explicit Polaroids (1999) on Toller's play.

Eric Bentley
Eric Russell Bentley (September 14, 1916 – August 5, 2020) was a British-born American theater critic, playwright, singer, editor, and translator. In 1998, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the New York Theater Hall of Fame, recognizing his many years of cabaret performances.
Commander of the Land Forces (Azerbaijan)
The Commander of the Azerbaijani Land Forces (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri Quru Qoşunları Komandanı) is the administrative head in the Azerbaijani Land Forces, and is under the Chief of the General Staff and the Minister of Defence. The current Commander of the Land Forces is Colonel General Hikmat Mirzayev.

Hikmat Mirzayev
Hikmat Izzat oghlu Mirzayev (Azerbaijani: Hikmət İzzət oğlu Mirzəyev; born 29 February 1968) is an Azerbaijani military officer who serves as Deputy Minister of Defense and commander of the Azerbaijani Land Forces since 2024. He is a colonel general of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the former commander of the Special Forces from 2014 to 2024, and participated in the 2016 Nagorno–Karabakh clashes and the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, during which he led Azerbaijani forces in the 2020 battle of Shusha. He received the title of the Hero of the Patriotic War.
Nanwei Tan
Nanwei Tan (Chinese: 南衛灘) is located approximately 40 nautical miles northwest of Dongsha Island in the northern part of the South China Sea, about 4 kilometers south of Beiwei Tan, and about 80 kilometers from Dongsha Island. It is a submerged coral reef, classified as a submerged shoal. The shallowest point has a depth of 58 meters.

Nanwei Tan is currently under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan), administratively falling under the jurisdiction of Cijin District in Kaohsiung City. The Government of the People's Republic of China also claims sovereignty over it, and it is administratively under the jurisdiction of the government of Jieshi, Lufeng City, Shanwei, Guangdong Province.

Cijin District
Cijin District (Chinese: 旗津區; Hanyu Pinyin: Qíjīn Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Cíjin Cyu; Wade–Giles: Chʻi²-chin¹ Chʻü¹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kî-tin-khu) is a district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, covering Cijin Island (旗津島) and islands in the South China Sea. It is the second smallest district in Kaohsiung City after Yancheng District, with an area of 1.4639 square kilometers, or 0.5652 square miles. It has a population of 26,282 as of October 2023, making it the 26th most populated district in Kaohsiung, with a population density of 18,414 people per square kilometer, or 47,692 people per square mile.
Ingrid Allen
Ingrid Victoria Allen, DBE, FMedSci (30 June 1932 – 21 April 2020) was a Northern Irish neuropathologist. She was a Professor Emerita of Neuropathology at Queen's University Belfast. She is mostly known for her research in pathology, neurodegeneration, neurovirology and demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Antonio Sancho de Benevento
Friar Antonio Sancho de Benevento (Benevento, Pontifical States - Alfauir, Kingdom of Valencia, 16th century), was a silversmith artist of the Spanish Renaissance and monk of the Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba, near Gandia (Valencia).

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Brandon Wolff
Brandon W.K. Wolff (born October 18, 1975) is an American mixed martial artist and former Navy SEAL, who is perhaps best known for his short stint in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship nicknamed “Killer Bee”.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
The Children (book)
The Children is a 1998 book by David Halberstam which chronicles the 1959–1962 Nashville Student Movement.

Among the topics covered are the Nashville sit-ins, the Freedom Riders, the formation of SNCC, and activists including James Lawson, James Bevel, Diane Nash, John Lewis, Bernard Lafayette, Marion Barry, and C. T. Vivian.

The book was described by Kirkus Reviews as "a powerful account of a critical time in American history, related in both close-up and wide view." Publishers Weekly called the work "at once intimate and monumental", making note of its "brief, informative essays" on "the sociology of all-white Vanderbilt University; the eccentricities of the Nashville newspapers; a history of city politics in Washington, D.C." and "the role of the Kennedy Justice Department."

C. T. Vivian
Cordy Tindell Vivian (July 30, 1924 – July 17, 2020) was an American minister, author, and close friend and lieutenant of Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement. He resided in Atlanta, Georgia, and founded the C. T. Vivian Leadership Institute, Inc. He was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

Senator Barack Obama, speaking at Selma's Brown Chapel on the March 2007, anniversary of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches, referred to Vivian in his opening remarks in the words of Martin L. King Jr. as "the greatest preacher to ever live."
Harle (river)
The Harle (in its upper course: Norder Tief) is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany, in the district of Wittmund in East Frisia.

Its entire course is within the borough of Wittmund and it discharges near Harlesiel through a Siel, a sluice in the dyke, into the North Sea. Near the village of Willen two headstreams Nordertief and Südertief join forming the Harle. Both tributaries are streams that originate in bogland depressions in the neighbouring borough of Aurich.

The Harle runs eastwards past the town of Wittmund and then flows in meanders in a northerly direction. It passes Carolinensiel and discharges through a lock and a scoop wheel into Harlesiel Harbour and from there into the North Sea.

The Harle is popular with tourists for rowing and, in the harbours of Carolinensiel and Harlesiel, for boats and ferries. Harlesiel is a ferry port for trips to the island of Wangerooge.

Wittmund (district)
Wittmund is a Landkreis (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in East Frisia, on the North Sea coast. Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise) Friesland, Leer and Aurich.
Albert Bryant Jr.
Albert Bryant Jr. (born February 22, 1952) is a retired United States Army brigadier general, best known for service as the Chief of Western Hemisphere Operations during and in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and for his tenure as the Assistant Division Commander of the 4th Infantry Division at the time of the division's detection and capture of deposed Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. Bryant also served as the Deputy Commander of Fort Knox, Kentucky, and the United States Army's Armor School. As Chief of Staff of NATO's Kosovo Force (KFOR), Bryant was the highest ranking American general on the KFOR leadership team in the lead up to Kosovo independence.

Oak leaf cluster
An oak leaf cluster is a  ribbon device to denote preceding decorations and awards consisting of a miniature bronze or silver twig of four oak leaves with three acorns on the stem. It is authorized by the United States Armed Forces for a specific set of decorations and awards of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, and Department of the Air Force.

The bronze oak leaf cluster represents one additional award, while the silver oak leaf cluster is worn in lieu of five bronze oak leaf clusters.
Department of Mines and Geology (Andhra Pradesh)
The Minister of Mines & Geology is the head of the Department of Mines & Geology of the Government of Andhra Pradesh.

The incumbent Minister of Mines & Geology is Kollu Ravindra from the Telugu Desam Party.

Kollu Ravindra
Kollu Ravindra is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh currently serving as the Minister for Mines and Geology in the Government of Andhra Pradesh. He is a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) representing Machilipatnam assembly constituency.
Lệ Thu
Oanh Thi "Cecilia" Bui, written in Vietnamese as "Bùi Thị Oanh" and known by the stage name Lệ Thu (July 16, 1943 – January 15, 2021), was a Vietnamese-American singer. Born in Hải Phòng, she was well known in South Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s for singing the songs of singer-songwriters such as Trịnh Công Sơn and Phạm Duy. She released 24 singles and numerous albums with famous overseas Vietnamese singers like Khánh Ly, Hương Lan and Tuấn Ngọc.

Tuấn Ngọc
Lữ Anh Tuấn (born 4 October 1947) stage name Tuấn Ngọc is a Vietnamese singer. His first album appeared in 1990 and over the following 20 years, he has released 20 more albums, becoming one of the most recognised singers on Vietnamese TV.
Lincoln Township, Kearney County, Nebraska
Lincoln Township is one of fourteen townships in Kearney County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,796 at the 2020 census. A 2021 estimate placed the township's population at 1,790.

A portion of the City of Minden lies within the Township.

Minden, Nebraska
Minden is a city in Kearney County, Nebraska, United States.  The city serves as the county seat of Kearney County.  The population was 3,118 at the 2020 census. It is home to the Pioneer Village museum complex of 28 buildings.
Screen space directional occlusion
Screen space directional occlusion (SSDO) is a computer graphics technique enhancing screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) by taking direction into account to sample the ambient light (both the light coming directly at an object, as well as the light reflected off of the object directly behind it), to better approximate global illumination.

Shading
Shading refers to the depiction of depth perception in 3D models (within the field of 3D computer graphics) or illustrations (in visual art) by varying the level of darkness. Shading tries to approximate local behavior of light on the object's surface and is not to be confused with techniques of adding shadows, such as shadow mapping or shadow volumes, which fall under global behavior of light.
Çiçek Island
Çiçek Island (Turkish: Çiçek Adası, literally Island of flower) is an Aegean island of Turkey. It is in Edremit Gulf at 39°22′35″N 26°45′57″E﻿ / ﻿39.37639°N 26.76583°E﻿ / 39.37639; 26.76583  and administratively a part of Ayvalık ilçe (district) of Balıkesir Province. Its distance  to the nearest point on the mainland (Anatolia) is about 500 metres (1,600 ft).

The surface area of the island is 275×103 square metres (2.96×106 sq ft) and it is covered with olive trees and narcissus. The ancient name of the island was Angistri (Greek: Αγκίστρι) or Argyronesos (Greek: Αργυρόνησος). According to Milliyet newspaper currently the island is put on market.

Ayvalık
Ayvalık (Turkish: [ˈajvaɫɯk]) is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 305 km2, and its population is 75,126 (2024). It is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. The town centre is connected to Cunda Island by a causeway and is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands, which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos.

Under the Ottomans Ayvalık had a flourishing olive-oil-production industry and the chimneys of the old factories can still be seen about town. In modern times production has revived in a smaller-scale boutique format.

Daily ferries operate between Ayvalık and Mytilene on nearby Lesbos Island, Greece, during the summer with a reduced service in winter.

The nearest airport to Ayvalık is Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO) near Edremit.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Pekan Olahraga Nasional
Gymnastics competitions at the 2016 Pekan Olahraga Nasional were held between 20 September and 27 September at GOR Arcamanik, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A total of 136 athletes from 22 provinces competed in 24 events.

2016 Pekan Olahraga Nasional
2016 Pekan Olahraga Nasional is the nineteenth edition of Pekan Olahraga Nasional. It was held in Bandung, West Java in 2016. It was the first time for Indonesia's third largest city of Bandung to host the games in more than forty years. Bandung hosted the fifth edition of Pekan Olahraga Nasional in 1961.
History of ABS-CBN
ABS-CBN (an initialism of its two predecessors' names, Alto Broadcasting System and Chronicle Broadcasting Network) is a Philippine media and content company. It serves as the flagship media brand of ABS-CBN Corporation, a subsidiary of Lopez Holdings Corporation. Formerly the Philippines' largest free-to-air television network, ABS-CBN has since evolved into a multi-platform content producer and distributor following the expiration and non-renewal of its broadcast franchise in 2020. The company currently syndicates its programming across various platforms, including partner networks, cable channels, streaming services, and digital platforms.

It's Showtime (Philippine TV program)
It's Showtime (formerly known as Showtime) is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Originally hosted by Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Kim Atienza, Jugs Jugueta, Teddy Corpuz, and Vice Ganda, the show premiered on October 24, 2009, on the network's PrimeTanghali block, replacing Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba?. Navarro, Curtis, Jugueta, Corpuz, Vice Ganda, Karylle, Jhong Hilario, Ryan Bang, Amy Perez, Ion Perez, Jackie Gonzaga, Kim Chiu, Ogie Alcasid, MC "Muah" Calaquian, Lassy Marquez, Cianne Dominguez, and Darren Espanto currently serve as the hosts.
Niels Hoegh Bronnum
Niels Høegh Brønnum (January 5, 1882 – 1966) was a Danish missionary and physician who served in Northern Nigeria from 1913 to 1950. His achievements include translating the Gospel of Mark into the traditional Bacama language.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Gordon Schildenfeld
Gordon Schildenfeld (born 18 March 1985) is a Croatian football manager and former player who played as a centre-back. Schildenfeld is the manager of the HNK Vukovar 1991 in the second tier of Croatian domestic football.

2011–12 2. Bundesliga
The 2011–12 2. Bundesliga was the 38th season of the 2. Bundesliga, Germany's second tier of its football league system. The season commenced on 15 July 2011, three weeks earlier than the 2011–12 Bundesliga season, and ended with the last games on 6 May 2012. The traditional winter break was to be held between the weekends around 18 December 2011 and 4 February 2012. The league comprises eighteen teams.
Tōkai–Tōsan dialects
The Tōkai–Tōsan dialect (東海東山方言 Tōkai–Tōsan hōgen) is a group of the transitional Japanese dialects spoken in the southern and eastern Chūbu region. The dialects spoken in the northwest Chubu region are classified as the Hokuriku dialect of Western Japanese. The Tokai–Tosan dialect has three sub-groups: Gifu–Aichi, Echigo, and Nagano–Yamanashi–Shizuoka. These are transitional between Western and Eastern Japanese; which branch of the family they fall in depends on which isoglosses are taken as definitive. (See Eastern and Western Japanese for details.)

Sakae, Nagano
Sakae (栄村, Sakae-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the village had an estimated population of 1,828 in 817 households, and a population density of 6.7 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 271.66 square kilometres (104.89 sq mi).