hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M. R. Vijayabhaskar
M. R. Vijayabhaskar (also known as MRV) is an Indian politician and a member of the 15th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He was elected from Karur constituency as a candidate of the AIADMK. He inculcated the rule to carry driving licenses compulsory.

Jayalalithaa appointed Vijayabhaskar as Minister for Transport in May 2016. This was his first cabinet post in the Government of Tamil Nadu.

In Karur, Vijayabaskar suffered defeat with a margin of 12,448 to DMK's V. Senthil Balaji in 2021 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections.

V. Senthil Balaji
V. Senthil Balaji (born 21 October 1975) is an Indian politician and former Cabinet Minister  of  Government of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative Assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Karur in 2006, 2011 and as Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 2021 election. Also he was elected from Aravakurichi constituency in 2016 from ADMK ticket and as DMK candidate in 2019 by election. He served as Transport Minister in Jayalalitha cabinet formed after 2011 election.
Al Gross (politician)
Alan Stuart Gross (born April 13, 1962) is an American politician, orthopedic surgeon and commercial fisherman. Running as an independent candidate, he was the Democratic nominee for the 2020 United States Senate election in Alaska, losing the race to incumbent Republican Dan Sullivan.

Alaska Democratic Party
The Alaska Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Alaska, headquartered in Anchorage.

It is one of two major parties in Alaska, alongside the Alaska Republican Party. The Democratic Party holds the Alaska Senate in a coalition government. As of 2020, there are over 75,000 registered members of the Alaska Democratic Party.
Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.

Dehiscence (botany)
Dehiscence is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness  to release its contents. This is common among fruits, anthers and sporangia.  Sometimes this involves the complete detachment of a part. Structures that open in this way are said to be dehiscent. Structures that do not open in this way are called indehiscent, and rely on other mechanisms such as decay, digestion by herbivores, or predation to release the contents.

A similar process to dehiscence occurs in some flower buds (e.g., Platycodon, Fuchsia), but this is rarely referred to as dehiscence unless circumscissile dehiscence is involved; anthesis is the usual term for the opening of flowers. Dehiscence may or may not involve the loss of a structure through the process of  abscission. The lost structures are said to be caducous.
2019 Engie Open Andrézieux-Bouthéon 42
The 2019 Engie Open Andrézieux-Bouthéon 42 was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France between 21 and 27 January 2019.

2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
The 2019 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's World Tennis Tour is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
Ji (state in modern Beijing)
Ji (simplified Chinese: 蓟; traditional Chinese: 薊; pinyin: Jì) was an ancient state in northern China during the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties from at least the 11th century to the 7th century BC. The state was based in the walled City of Ji, or Jicheng, located in the modern day Guang'anmen neighborhood of southwestern Beijing. Around 7th century BC, Ji was conquered by the larger State of Yan, which took the City of Ji as its capital. The city remained the primary urban center in the area until the 13th century, when Kublai Khan built the larger city of Dadu to the northwest, which eventually absorbed the City of Ji.

Dadu (Beijing)
Khanbaliq (Chinese: 汗八里; pinyin: Hánbālǐ; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ, Qaɣan balɣasu) or Dadu (Chinese: 元大都; pinyin: Yuán Dàdū; Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ, Dayidu) was the winter capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in what is now Beijing, the capital of China today. It was located at the center of modern Beijing. The Secretariat directly administered the Central Region (腹裏) of the Yuan dynasty (comprising present-day Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and parts of Henan and Inner Mongolia) and dictated policies for the other provinces. As emperors of the Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan and his successors also claimed supremacy over the entire Mongol Empire following the death of Möngke (Kublai's brother and predecessor) in 1259. Over time the unified empire gradually fragmented into a number of khanates.

Khanbaliq is the direct predecessor to modern Beijing. Several stations of the modern city's subway's Line 10 and Line 13 are named after the gates of Dadu.
Germiston (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Germiston was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994 with the exception of the 1938 general election. It covered a part of the East Rand centred on the town of Germiston. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
Deaths in January 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

National Assembly (Tanzania)
The National Assembly of Tanzania (Swahili: Bunge la Tanzania) and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania make up the Parliament of Tanzania. The current Speaker of the National Assembly is Mussa Zungu, who presides over a unicameral assembly of 403 members.
Television Shin-Hiroshima
Television Shin-Hiroshima (テレビ新広島, Terebi shinhiroshima; TSS) is a Japanese television station, callsign JORM-DTV and transmitting on Japanese channel 8, that serves as an affiliate of the dual Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS) in Hiroshima Prefecture, owned and operated by TSS-TV Co., Ltd. Based in Hiroshima, the station has its headquarters and studios in Deshio in the Minami-ku ward of Hiroshima.

TSS is also available through the Americable system at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni in eastern Yamaguchi Prefecture, near the border with Hiroshima Prefecture, as part of its free tier. Yamaguchi Prefecture does not have its own FNN/FNS station.

Minami-ku, Hiroshima
Minami-ku (南区) is one of the eight wards of the city of Hiroshima, Japan.
As of March 1, 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 138,471, with 66,706 households and a population density of 5,307.44 persons per km2. The total area was 26.09 km2.
Yu Huiyong
Yu Huiyong (Chinese: 于会泳; pinyin: Yú Huìyǒng; Wade–Giles: Yu Hui-yung) (1925–1977) was a Chinese composer and politician of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China, who served as Minister of Culture from 1975 to 1976. He is known for the art he made of Mao Zedong.

Minister of Culture and Tourism (China)
The minister of culture and tourism of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is twenty-first in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Sun Yeli, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the ministry and the deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party.
Oasby
Oasby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Grantham.

Oasby, Heydour, Aisby, Culverthorpe and Kelby are the five hamlets within Heydour parish.

Oasby Manor House is a Grade II* listed building dating from the 17th century with reused 15th-century stonework and 19th-century alterations. There is a 15th-century Oriel window on the first floor.

Manor House Farm is a 17th-century single story Grade II listed farmhouse.

Oasby Mill is a tower windmill, built about 1810 of black bitumen painted ashlar. It is Grade II listed, and all machinery has been removed.

The village public house, the Houblon Arms, was built about 1700 and is Grade II listed.

The parish holds community events, usually in Aisby village hall, with a book club, art club, cricket club, annual art exhibition and January pantomime.

Aisby, South Kesteven
Aisby is a village in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north from the A52 road and 6 miles (10 km) north-east from Grantham.

Aisby is written in the Domesday Book as "Asebi".

Once a small hamlet belonging to the nearby Culverthorpe Estate, the village was sold off in lots in 1918 and is now expanded with additional building of housing since 1990. Aisby has other spellings in official records, including censuses, such as "Azeby" or "Hazeby".
Sago Mine disaster
The Sago Mine disaster was a coal mine explosion on January 2, 2006, at the Sago Mine in Sago, West Virginia, United States, near the Upshur County seat of Buckhannon. The blast and collapse trapped 13 miners for nearly two days; only one survived. It was the worst mining disaster in the United States since the Jim Walter Resources Mine disaster in Alabama on September 23, 2001, and the worst disaster in West Virginia since the 1968 Farmington Mine disaster. It was exceeded four years later by the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster, also a coal mine explosion in West Virginia, which killed 29 miners in April 2010.

The disaster received extensive news coverage worldwide. After mining officials released incorrect information, many media outlets initially reported, erroneously, that 12 of the miners survived.

Farmington Mine disaster
The Farmington Mine disaster was an explosion that happened at approximately 5:30 a.m. on November 20, 1968, at the Consol No. 9 coal mine north of Farmington and Mannington, West Virginia, United States.

The explosion was large enough to be felt in Fairmont, almost 12 miles (19 km) away. At the time, 99 miners were inside. Over the course of the next few hours, 21 miners were able to escape the mine, but 78 were still trapped. All who were unable to escape perished; the bodies of 19 of the dead were never recovered. The cause of the explosion was never determined, but the accident served as the catalyst for several new laws that were enacted to protect miners.

The Farmington No. 9 Mine Memorial, bearing the names of the men who died, is located at the entrance of Flat Run Road in Mannington, West Virginia.
Thomas of Capua
Thomas of Capua (Italian: Tommaso da Capua, Latin: Thomas Capuanus), also called Tommaso di Eboli (before 1185 – August 1239), was an Italian prelate and diplomat. He served as the archbishop-elect of Naples from 1215 until 1216 and then as a cardinal until his death. He administered the diocese of Albano between 1218 and 1222 and was the papal legate in the kingdom of Italy from November 1236 until October 1237. He was the most important of Pope Gregory IX's negotiators with the Emperor Frederick II between 1227 and 1237.

Thomas was a notary and a longtime official of the apostolic chancery and apostolic penitentiary. He wrote poetry and style guides in Latin, and 700 of his letters have been preserved. He was an early supporter of the mendicant orders.

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA or AdvancedTCA) is the largest specification effort in the history of the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG), with more than 100 companies participating. Known as AdvancedTCA, the official specification designation PICMG 3.x (see below) was ratified by the PICMG organization in December 2002. AdvancedTCA is targeted primarily to requirements for "carrier grade" communications equipment, but has recently expanded its reach into more ruggedized applications geared toward the military/aerospace industries as well. This series of specifications incorporates the latest trends in high speed interconnect technologies, next-generation processors, and improved Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS).

Field-replaceable unit
A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking in-depth product knowledge to isolate faults and replace faulty components. The granularity of FRUs in a system impacts total cost of ownership and support, including the costs of stocking spare parts, where spares are deployed to meet repair time goals, how diagnostic tools are designed and implemented, levels of training for field personnel, whether end-users can do their own FRU replacement, etc.
2008 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
The 14th Asian Junior Table Tennis Championships 2008 were held in Singapore, from  23 to 27 July 2008. It was organised by the Singapore Table Tennis Association under the authority of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).

Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships is an annual table tennis tournament regarded as continental championships between juniors and cadets. The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships (AJCTTC) is one of the most prestigious events of the world junior table tennis circuit. It will be held under the supervision of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Cadet Championships was added in 1986 (2nd). The table below gives an overview of all host cities and countries of the Asia Junior Championships.
Dabhol Power Station
Dabhol Power Station is located near Anjanwel village in Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra, India, about 160 kilometres (99 mi) south of Mumbai. The power station was built by the Dabhol Power Company (DPC), which was a joint venture of Enron International, General Electric, Bechtel and Maharashtra Power Development Corporation. At the start of its construction in 1992, the Dabhol power station project was, at $3 billion, the biggest foreign investment in India. The project was mired in controversy from its inception, which would escalate so dramatically that it affected politics and foreign policy at the national level.

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Martian regolith
Martian regolith is the fine blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering the surface of Mars. The term Martian soil typically refers to the finer fraction of regolith. So far, no samples have been returned to Earth, the goal of a Mars sample-return mission, but the soil has been studied remotely with the use of Mars rovers and Mars orbiters. Its properties can differ significantly from those of terrestrial soil, including its toxicity due to the presence of perchlorates.

Regolith
Regolith (/ˈrɛɡəlɪθ/) is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons.
Sigmund Jähn
Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (German: [jɛ:n]; 13 February 1937 – 21 September 2019) was a German pilot, cosmonaut, and Generalmajor (equivalent to a Brigadier General in Western armies) in the National People's Army of the GDR. He was the first German to fly into space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program in 1978.

He was the very last living East German holder of the title Hero of the German Democratic Republic when he died in 2019.

Neuhardenberg
Neuhardenberg (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈhaʁdn̩bɛʁk], lit. 'New Hardenberg') is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany. It is the site of Neuhardenberg Palace, residence of the Prussian statesman Prince Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822). The municipal area comprises the villages of Altfriedland, Quappendorf and Wulkow. Neuhardenberg is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Seelow-Land.
Indian Psychiatric Society
The Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) is the oldest professional association of psychiatrists in India. Founded during the 34th Indian Science Congress, IPS replaced the Indian division of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association.

Dr Savita Malhotra from Chandigarh is the current President of the Indian Psychiatric Society.

Dr Amrit Pattojoshi from Bhubaneswar, Odisha is the Hon. General Secretary.

Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
Suresh Kumar Koushal & Anr. v. NAZ Foundation & Ors. (2013) is a case in which a 2-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India consisting of G. S. Singhvi and S. J. Mukhopadhaya overturned the Delhi High Court verdict in the case Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi and reinstated Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. The Supreme Court of India decided to revisit this judgement after several curative petitions were filed against it, in 2017. Thereby in 2018, in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, a 5-judge bench of the Supreme Court overturned this 2-member judgement, again decriminalizing homosexuality. Portions of Section 377 relating to sex with minors, non-consensual sexual acts such as rape, and bestiality remain in force.
Killaclohane Portal Tomb
Killaclohane Portal Tomb is a megalithic tomb located in the townland of Killaclohane, about 2 km east of Milltown, County Kerry, Ireland. This Neolithic tomb dates to 3800 BC and is Kerry’s oldest man-made structure and earliest identified burial monument. In 2015, the portal tomb or dolmen was in imminent danger of collapse and was excavated and restored by a team led by Kerry County Archaeologist, Dr Michael Connolly. Prior to the excavation of Killaclohane Portal Tomb, very little was known about Neolithic settlement in Kerry and the beginning of agriculture.

Irish megalithic tombs
Megalithic monuments in Ireland typically represent one of several types of megalithic tombs: court cairns, passage tombs, portal tombs and wedge tombs. The remains of over 1,000 such megalithic tombs have been recorded around Ireland.
History of free and open-source software
The history of free and open-source software begins at the advent of computer software in the early half of the 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees. At the time, source code—the human-readable form of software—was generally distributed with the software, providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions. Universities were early adopters of computing technology. Many of the modifications developed by universities were openly shared, in keeping with the academic principles of sharing knowledge, and organizations sprung up to facilitate sharing.

As large-scale operating systems matured, fewer organizations allowed modifications to the operating software, and eventually such operating systems were closed to modification. However, utilities and other added-function applications are still shared and new organizations have been formed to promote the sharing of software.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.