hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1941 Boston Red Sox season
The 1941 Boston Red Sox season was the 41st season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished second in the American League (AL) with a record of 84 wins and 70 losses, 17 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1941 World Series.

The Red Sox featured five future Hall of Famers: player-manager Joe Cronin, Bobby Doerr, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Grove, and Ted Williams.

Joe Cronin
Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 – September 7, 1984) was an American professional baseball player, manager and executive. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop, most notably as a member of the Boston Red Sox. Cronin spent over 48 years in baseball, culminating with 14 years as president of the American League (AL).

During his 20-year playing career (1926–1945), Cronin played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Senators and the Boston Red Sox; he was a player-manager for 13 seasons (1933–1945), and served as manager for two additional seasons (1946–1947). A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first American League player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956.
Sullivan Fortner
Sullivan Joseph Fortner (born December 29, 1986) is an American jazz pianist. He was the regular pianist in trumpeter Roy Hargrove's band from 2010 to 2017, and has released two albums on Impulse! Records. He has received three Grammy Awards, including Best Jazz Performance for his collaboration with Samara Joy on the song "Twinkle Twinkle Little Me".

Samara Joy
Samara Joy McLendon (born November 11, 1999) is an American jazz singer. She released her self-titled debut album in 2021 and was subsequently named Best New Artist by JazzTimes. 
Her second album, Linger Awhile (2022), reached number one on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. She has received six Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist in 2023, and three wins each for Best Jazz Vocal Album (2023, 2025 and 2026) and Best Jazz Performance (2024 and 2025).
Genetic studies on Bosniaks
As with all modern European nations, a large degree of 'biological continuity' exists between Bosnians and Bosniaks and their ancient predecessors with Y chromosomal lineages testifying to predominantly Paleolithic European ancestry. Studies based on bi-allelic markers of the NRY (non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome) have shown the three main ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats) to share, in spite of some quantitative differences, a large fraction of the same ancient gene pool distinct for the region. Analysis of autosomal STRs have moreover revealed no significant difference between the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring populations.

East Slavs
The East Slavs are a subgroup of the Slavs who speak East Slavic languages and inhabit Eastern Europe. They formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they consider their cultural ancestor. Belarusians, Russians and Ukrainians are the existing East Slavic groups. Rusyns and Don Cossacks are sometimes considered a separate nation, though they are often considered a subgroup of Ukrainians and Russians.
Mount Tomlinson
Mount Tomlinson (67°15′S 51°11′E﻿ / ﻿67.250°S 51.183°E﻿ / -67.250; 51.183) is a mountain 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) south of Mount Marsland in the northeast part of the Scott Mountains, Enderby Land of Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.C. Tomlinson, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) of 1929–31. Mount Thomlinson has an elevation of 2451m.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Tomlinson". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Marsland
Mount Marsland (67°11′S 51°14′E﻿ / ﻿67.183°S 51.233°E﻿ / -67.183; 51.233) is a mountain standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) south of the eastern part of Beaver Glacier in Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1956 and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia in 1962 for F.L. Marsland, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition of 1929–31.
Ernst Laas
Ernst Heinrich Gustav Laas (/lɑːs/; German: [laːs]; June 16, 1837, Fürstenwalde – July 25, 1885, Strasbourg) was a German gymnasium teacher, philosopher of positivism and education, and chair of philosophy and pedagogy at the University of Strasbourg. The insights he found in the history of philosophy and philosophies based on sensualism are key aspects of his scholarly work.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.

Fichte is an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel.

Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers of German nationalism.
Painter's Woods Historic District
The Painter's Woods Historic District, located in Forest Grove, Oregon, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Painter's Woods includes the earliest modern subdivision addition to Forest Grove, and represents Forest Grove's transition from a largely agrarian community to a small-urban center of commerce and education. Subsequent construction reflected the ebbs and flows of development in Forest Grove over time. Primarily residential in character, the district includes well-preserved examples of a broad range of architectural styles in currency between 1880 and 1948. It is adjacent to the Clark Historic District.

Pacific University
Pacific University is a private university in Forest Grove, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1849 as the Tualatin Academy, the original Forest Grove campus is 23 miles (37 km) west of Portland. The school maintains one other campus, in Hillsboro, and an office in Portland, and has an enrollment of more than 3,000 students. The university has Oregon's only optometry school, and offers doctorates in 14 programs. Pacific competes in NCAA Division III as part of the Northwest Conference, with its teams known as the Boxers.
Kentucky Route 817
Kentucky Route 817 (KY 817) is a state highway in the city of Liberty in Casey County, Kentucky. The highway runs 0.460 miles (0.740 km) from Kentucky Route 70 (KY 70) north to U.S. Route 127 (US 127). KY 817 was established in 1993.

U.S. Route 127 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 127 (US 127) in Kentucky runs 207.7 miles (334.3 km) from the Tennessee state line in rural Clinton County to the Ohio state line in Cincinnati. The southern portion of the route is mostly rural, winding through various small towns along the way. It later runs through the state capital of Frankfort before continuing north, eventually passing through several Cincinnati suburbs in Northern Kentucky, joining US 42 near Warsaw and US 25 in Florence before crossing the Ohio River via the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge.
Governor of Zambales
The governor of the Province of Zambales is the head of the executive branch of Zambales Provincial Government, Philippines.

On May 13, 2019, Hermogenes Ebdane defeated incumbent Governor Amor Deloso. He assumed office on June 30, 2019.

Amor Deloso
Amor D. Deloso (born September 3, 1938) is a Filipino politician who served as the governor of Zambales, starting as the Officer-in-Charge from 1986 until 1987, Governor from 1988 until 1998, 2007 until 2010, and from 2016 until 2019.

He is the former member of Liberal Party. Deloso is the member of Partido Galing at Puso in 2016, and he is currently as the member of MAKIMAZA.
Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University
The Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, formerly the "Faculty of Chemistry", is a college of St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria. It was renamed by a decision of the National Assembly of Bulgaria on February 24, 2012.

Sofia University
Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (Bulgarian: Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“) is a public research university in Sofia, Bulgaria. It is the oldest institution of higher education in Bulgaria.

Founded on 1 October 1888, the edifice of the university was constructed between 1924 and 1934 with the financial support of the brothers Evlogi Georgiev and Hristo Georgiev (whose sculptures are now featured on its façade) and has an area of 18,624 m2 and a total of 324 premises. The university has 16 faculties and three departments, where over 21,000 students receive their education. The current rector is Georgi Valchev.
Massif d'Escreins
The Escreins massif (French: Massif d'Escreins) are a massif in the French and Italian Alps located in the French departments of Hautes-Alpes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, as well as in the Italian region of Piedmont.

It is home to part of the Queyras regional natural park.

French Alps
The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions. While some of the ranges of the French Alps are entirely in France, others, such as the Mont Blanc massif, are shared with Switzerland and Italy.

At 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border, is the highest mountain in the Alps, and the highest Western European mountain.

Notable towns in the French Alps include Grenoble, Chamonix, Annecy, Chambéry, Évian-les-Bains and Albertville.

The French Alps  will be the fourth location in France to host the Winter Olympics in 2030, following those held in Albertville in 1992, Grenoble in 1968, and the very first in Chamonix in 1924.
Jim Westwood
Jim Westwood is the former chief engineer who worked at Sinclair Research Ltd in the 1980s, starting at the company in 1963. Westwood was the technical mastermind behind many of Sinclair's products and worked there for more than twenty years.

Sir Clive Sinclair and Westwood shared a connection even before they met when Westwood had previously worked at an electronics store in London which was owned by Bernard Babani, Sinclair's publisher. This gave Westwood a good degree of familiarity with Sinclair's designs, which prompted him to join Sinclair's fledgling company, Sinclair Radionics. Westwood subsequently had a hand in most of the company's products, including the calculators, audio equipment, ZX Spectrum computers and TV80.

He is still designing hardware for Amino Communications, and is a partner in Cambridge Electronics Consultancy.

Colin Michael Carmichael plays Westwood in the 2009 BBC television movie Micro Men. Westwood also had a cameo in the movie.

TV80
The Sinclair TV80, also known as the Flat Screen Pocket TV or FTV1, was a pocket television released by Sinclair Research in September 1983. Unlike Sinclair's earlier attempts at a portable television, the TV80 used a flat CRT with a side-mounted electron gun instead of a conventional CRT; the picture was made to appear larger than it was by the use of a Fresnel lens. It was a commercial failure, and did not recoup the £4 million it cost to develop; only 15,000 units were sold. New Scientist warned that the technology used by the device would be short-lived, in view of the liquid crystal display technology being developed by Casio.

Front side of the PCB showing the flat CRT assembly

Back side of the PCB showing the bottom of the CRT assembly

Front side of the PCB

Front side of the PCB
War in Gotland (1524)
The War in Gotland (1524) also called the Gotland expedition (Swedish: Gotlandsexpeditionen) was a Swedish invasion of Gotland led by Berend von Melen against Gotland which was controlled by Søren Norby during the Swedish War of Liberation. The Swedes left the island in early October after peace was signed with Denmark at the Malmö Recess

Swedish War of Liberation
The Swedish War of Liberation (1521–1523; Swedish: Befrielsekriget, lit. 'The Liberation War'), also known as Gustav Vasa's Rebellion and the Swedish War of Secession, was a significant historical event in Sweden. Gustav Vasa, a nobleman, led a rebellion and civil war against King Christian II. The war resulted in the deposition of King Christian II from the throne of Sweden, effectively ending the Kalmar Union that had united Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.
Mespilodaphne quixos
Mespilodaphne quixos is a species of evergreen tree in the family Lauraceae, native to Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. It is one of the South American trees with a cinnamon-like aroma and is used as a spice called ispinku in Southern Quechua or ishpinku in Kichwa (Hispanicized spellings ishpingo, eshpingo).

It is native to lowland and foothill rainforests in the western Amazon Basin below 1000 meters elevation.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Calephelis nemesis
Calephelis nemesis (fatal metalmark or dusky metalmark) is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found in the southern part of the United States and Mexico. Its habitats include chaparral canyons near rivers in arid areas, roads, and washes.

The wingspan is 20–25 mm.

The larvae feed on Encelia californica, Baccharis glutinosa, Clematis drummondii and Clematis henryi.

Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic (Afriodinia, Saribia), and Indomalayan realms.
Prunus bucharica
Prunus bucharica is a species of wild almond native to Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, preferring to grow at 1000-1800 m above sea level. Long thought to be one of the wild species that contributed to the origin of the cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis), genetic testing of both nuclear and chloroplast DNA has shown that to be untrue; the closest relative (and presumed lone ancestor) of Prunus dulcis is Prunus fenzliana.

Prunus subg. Prunus
Prunus subg. Prunus is a subgenus of Prunus. This subgenus includes plums, apricots and bush cherries. Some species conventionally included in Prunus subg. Amygdalus are clustered with plum/apricot species according to molecular phylogenetic studies. Shi et al. (2013) has incorporated subg. Amygdalus into subg. Prunus, thereby including almonds and peaches in this subgenus. The species in this subgenus have solitary flowers or 2–3 in a fascicle.
Saattoq
Saattoq (old spelling: Sâtoq) is a former settlement in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It was located in the north-central part of Upernavik Archipelago, in Tasiusaq Bay, straddling Saattorsuaq Island, and the nearby Saattoq skerry.

Avannaata
Avannaata (Greenlandic pronunciation: [avanːaːta], Danish: Norden, lit. 'The North') is a municipality of Greenland created on 1 January 2018 from the bulk of the former Qaasuitsup municipality. It encompasses an area of 522,700 km2 and has 10,989 inhabitants.
Downtown Richmond, Richmond, California
Downtown Richmond is the old center of Richmond, California. The area is roughly bordered by 6th street to the west, 23rd Street to the east, Barrett Avenue to the north, and Macdonald Avenue to the south. The area once featured major department stores and other chains such as J.C. Penney, Macy's, S. H. Kress & Co., and Sears before Hilltop Mall was built in the 1970s.The area is currently undergoing a revitalization effort by the city, which has included the Richmond Shopping Center anchored by a supermarket. The Richmond Transit Village—coined Metro Walk by the developers, the Olson Company—has also been built, along with remodeling of the Richmond BART and Amtrak station and a bus transit center served by AC Transit and Golden Gate Transit. A Kaiser Permanente hospital and a Social Security Administration processing center provide for a majority of the jobs in the area.

Hilltop Mall
Hilltop Mall is a defunct regional shopping center in the Hilltop neighborhood of Richmond, California. Hilltop was managed and co-owned by Prologis, Inc. The only anchor store left is Walmart. There are 3 vacant anchor stores that were once Macy's, JCPenney and Sears.
Ioan-Iovitz Popescu
Ioan-Iovitz "Iovitzu" Popescu (October 1, 1932 – 22 December, 2023) was a Romanian physicist and linguist, emeritus professor at University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, and member of the Romanian Academy. In the field of physics, he is best known for his work on gas discharges and plasma physics, as well as his collaborations with Denisa Popescu in laser spectroscopy. He also had pioneering contributions in the field of gamma-ray lasers with Carl B. Collins and Silviu Olariu.

As of 2006, the focus of Iovitzu Popescu's work had shifted towards the field of linguistics, in cooperation with leading linguist Gabriel Altmann.

Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [droˈbeta ˈturnu seveˈrin] ⓘ), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern town of Turnu Severin received the additional name of Drobeta during Nicolae Ceaușescu's national-communist dictatorship as part of his myth-making efforts.
Hiberno-Roman relations
Hiberno-Roman relations refers to the relationships (mainly commercial and cultural) which existed between Ireland (Hibernia) and the ancient Roman Empire, which lasted from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD in Western Europe. Ireland was one of the few areas of western Europe not conquered by Ancient Rome.

Palladius (bishop of Ireland)
Palladius (fl. early 5th Century) was the first bishop of the Christians of Ireland, preceding Saint Patrick. It is possible that some elements of their life stories were later conflated in Irish tradition. Palladius was a deacon and member of one of the prominent families in Gaul. Pope Celestine I consecrated him a bishop and sent him to Ireland "to the Scotti believing in Christ".
Phi Cassiopeiae
Phi Cassiopeiae is a multiple star system in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from φ Cassiopeiae, and abbreviated Psi Cas or φ Cas. With a  combined apparent magnitude of +4.95, it is visible to the naked eye.  The two brightest components are A and C, sometimes called φ1 and φ2 Cas. φ Cas A is an F0 bright supergiant of magnitude 4.95 and φ Cas C is a 7.08 magnitude B6 supergiant at 134".

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Tragus (ear)
The tragus is a small pointed eminence of the external ear, situated in front of the concha, and projecting backward over the meatus. It also is the name of hair growing at the entrance of the ear. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek tragos (τράγος), meaning 'goat', and is descriptive of its general covering on its under surface with a tuft of hair, resembling a goat's beard. The nearby antitragus projects forwards and upwards.

Because the tragus faces rearwards, it aids in collecting sounds from behind.  These sounds are delayed more than sounds arriving from the front, assisting the brain to sense front vs. rear sound sources.

In a positive fistula test (for the presence of a fistula from cholesteatoma to the labyrinth), pressure on the tragus causes vertigo or eye deviation by inducing movement of perilymph.

Ear canal
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the auricle to the eardrum and is about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in length and 0.7 centimetres (0.3 in) in diameter.
Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina
The government response to  Hurricane Katrina  fell under heavy criticism during the aftermath in the United States in 2005. Local, state, and federal government were accused of failing to prepare and respond effectively to the natural disaster.

Hurricane Katrina landed on August 29, 2005. Within days, the US Government's role in preparations and responding to the storm was covered in heavy public debate. It is thought to be the largely televised footage of distressed politicians and residents who remained in New Orleans without water, food or shelter following the hurricane to be the cause of the criticism. The deaths of several citizens by lack of supplies, and the treatment of evacuees in facilities such as the Superdome also came undone to criticism in the media.

Michael Chertoff
Michael Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is an American attorney who was the second United States secretary of homeland security to serve under President George W. Bush. Chertoff also served for one additional day under President Barack Obama. He was the co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act. Chertoff previously served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, as a federal prosecutor, and as Assistant U.S. Attorney General. He succeeded Tom Ridge as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security on February 15, 2005.

Since leaving government service, he co-founded the Chertoff Group, a risk-management and security consulting company. He has also worked as senior of counsel at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Covington & Burling. He is also the chair and a member of the board of trustees at the international freedom watchdog Freedom House, and sits on the bipartisan advisory board of States United Democracy Center.