hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Rise & Fall
The Rise & Fall is the fourth studio album by English ska band Madness, released on 5 November 1982 by Stiff Records. This album saw Madness at their most experimental, exhibiting a range of musical styles including jazz, English music hall, and Eastern influences. NME described it at the time of its release as "the best Madness record". It has often been retrospectively described as a concept album.

Though the album was never released in the US, several tracks were later placed on the compilation Madness (1983), including "Our House", the band's only top 10 hit in America.

Suggs
Graham McPherson (born 13 January 1961), known by his stage name Suggs, is an English singer-songwriter, musician, radio personality and actor.

He came to prominence in the late 1970s as the lead singer of the ska band Madness, which released fifteen singles that entered the top 10 charts in the United Kingdom during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, including "My Girl", "Baggy Trousers", "Embarrassment", "It Must Be Love", "House of Fun", "Driving in My Car", "Our House", "Wings of a Dove" and "Lovestruck". Suggs began his solo career in 1995, while still a member of Madness. Since then, he has released two studio albums and two compilation albums. His solo hits include "I'm Only Sleeping", "Camden Town", "Cecilia" and "Blue Day".

Suggs has also been an actor, with roles in films, theatre and television. He is married and is the father of two children.
Hinkal
12°19′52″N 76°36′07″E﻿ / ﻿12.331096787474047°N 76.60196923026535°E﻿ / 12.331096787474047; 76.60196923026535

Hinkal is a Census town situated at the intersection of Hunsur Road aka NH275 and Ring Road aka NH 275K in Mysore city outskirts of Karnataka, India. It is the most populous census town in Mysore district. The nearest railway station located is Mysore Junction railway station.

Veerendra Heggade
Dharmasthala Veerendra Heggade (born 25 November 1948) is an Indian philanthropist and the hereditary administrator of the Dharmasthala Temple in the Indian state of Karnataka. He succeeded to the post at the age of 19, on 24 October 1968, the 21st in his line. He administers the temple and its properties, which are held in trust. He is a nominated Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since July 2022.

He was awarded the Karnataka Ratna award for the year 2009, the highest civilian award in Karnataka.

His tenure at Dharmasthala has been marked by controversy, including unresolved rape and murder cases and allegations of cover-ups by temple officials and his family members.
Redcurrant sauce
Redcurrant sauce, also known as redcurrant jelly, is an English condiment, consisting of redcurrants (Ribes rubrum), sugar and rosemary, with fruit pectin added. Some other recipes include additional ingredients such as red wine, white wine, port, mustard, lemon or orange zest, and very occasionally shallots. The sauce is traditionally eaten as part of a Sunday roast, particularly with roast lamb, roast goose or roast turkey  and is an integral part of Christmas dinner in Britain.

The sauce is also a popular accompaniment to all types of game. It is very similar, if somewhat simpler than Cumberland and Oxford sauces that have port added to their constituents. The prominence that American food has gained within the last century has led to redcurrant sauce being partially replaced by cranberry sauce as the condiment of choice.

Cumberland sauce
Cumberland sauce is a savoury sauce of English origin, made with redcurrant jelly, mustard, pepper and salt, blanched orange peel, and port wine. The food writer Elizabeth David described it as "the best of all sauces for cold meat". It is thought to be of 19th-century origin. Among the conjectural reasons for its name are honouring a Duke of Cumberland or alternatively reflecting the county of its origin.
Balcombe drilling protest
51°2′50.09″N 0°7′56.75″W﻿ / ﻿51.0472472°N 0.1324306°W﻿ / 51.0472472; -0.1324306﻿ (The drilling pad)
The Balcombe drilling protest occurred when test drilling and possible fracking for petroleum were proposed in 2012 near Balcombe, a village in West Sussex, England. Local residents protested and anti-fracking environmentalists in the UK made it a focus of attention. The drill pad is located in a wooded area known as Lower Stumble Wood on the B2026 south of Balcombe.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Torihama shell mound
The Torihama shell mound (鳥浜貝塚, Torihama kaizuka) is a shell midden and remains of an Early Jōmon period settlement located in the Torihama neighbourhood of the town of  Wakasa, Fukui, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It is a waterlogged midden site that was occupied mainly from the Incipient Jomon period to the Early Jomon period from 12,000 to 5,000 years ago (10,000–3,000 BC).

The site is located in the area of Lake Mikata, one of the Mikata five lakes, near the confluence of Hasu and Takase Rivers, within the borders of the Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Park. At that time, the Shiibayama hill on which the site is located extended like a cape from the west to the east, and Lake Mikata extended to the tip of the hill. On the southern slope of the hill, three pit dwellings were detected, indicating that there were settlements. The shell midden begins at a depth of 7 meters underground to 3 meters above ground. At the time it was used as a garbage dumping site, it was in the lake.

Lake Suigetsu
Lake Suigetsu (水月湖, Suigetsu-ko) is a lake in the Hokuriku region of Honshu, Japan, which is one of the Mikata Five Lakes located in Mihama and Wakasa, Fukui Prefecture (west-central Honshu), close to the coast of the Wakasa Bay in the Sea of Japan. Since 1993, it has been attracting the attention of scientists because of the undisturbed nature of the water for many thousands of years. It is possible to identify the annual deposits of silt in a similar manner that tree rings are identified.

The area of the lakes is now part of the Wakasa Bay National Park.
Filippo Gherardi
Filippo Gherardi (1643–1704) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

Born in Lucca, he was mostly active in Venice and Rome, where he became a member of the large studio of Pietro da Cortona, often working closely with Giovanni Coli. With Coli, Gherardi was initially a trainee of Pietro Paolini in Lucca. One of his masterpieces are the ceiling frescoes in the Palazzo Colonna in Rome, celebrating the participation of a family member in the Battle of Lepanto.

In Venice, Coli and Gherardi also completed frescoes (1670–72) of the dome of the church of San Nicolò da Tolentino with a fresco of the Glory of San Nicola and in the church of San Pantalon. In Venice, Coli and Gherardi  also frescoed the Library in the monastery of San Giorgio Maggiore.

One of his pupils was Cristoforo Tondini, who worked with him in San Pantalon.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Pleurota marginella
Pleurota marginella is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Greece, as well as in North Africa.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer
Charles Robert Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, KG, GCVO, VD, PC (30 October 1857 – 26 September 1922), styled The Honourable Charles Spencer until 1905 and known as Viscount Althorp between 1905 and 1910, was a British courtier and Liberal politician from the Spencer family. An MP from 1880 to 1895 and again from 1900 to 1905, he served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1892 to 1895. Raised to the peerage as Viscount Althorp in 1905, he was Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912 in the Liberal administrations headed by Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. In 1910, he succeeded his half-brother as Earl Spencer. He was married to Margaret Baring, a member of the Baring family.

St James's
St James's is a district of Westminster, and a central district in the City of Westminster, London, forming part of the West End. The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace and much of it is still owned by the Crown Estate.  During the Restoration in the 17th century, the area was developed as a residential location for the British aristocracy, and around the 19th century was the focus of the development of their gentlemen's clubs. Once part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, much of it formed the parish of St James from 1685 to 1922. Since the Second World War the area has transitioned from residential to commercial use.

St James's is bounded to the north by Piccadilly and Mayfair, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park, and to the east by Haymarket.
Port Alto, Texas
Port Alto is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 45 in 2000. It is part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Victoria, Texas
Victoria is a city in and the county seat of Victoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 65,534 as of the 2020 census. The three counties of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 111,163 as of the 2000 census. Its elevation is 95 ft (29 m).

Victoria is located 30 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. It is a two-hour drive from Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio, and Austin.

The city is named for General Guadalupe Victoria, who became the first president of independent Mexico.  It is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Texas.
Half Moon Island
Half Moon Island is a minor Antarctic island, lying in McFarlane Strait 1.35 km (0.84 mi) north of Burgas Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 171 hectares (420 acres).  The Argentine Cámara Base is located on the island. It is only accessible by sea and by helicopter; there is no airport of any kind. The naval base is operational occasionally during the summer, but is closed during the winter.

Chinstrap penguin
The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a penguin species that inhabits various islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Oceans. Its name stems from the narrow black band under its head, which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet. Due to its loud, harsh call, other common names include ringed penguin, bearded penguin, and stonecracker penguin.
Shearers and Rural Workers' Union
The Shearers and Rural Workers' Union is an Australian industrial union that is not registered with the Fair Work Commission and is also not affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions.

They formed on 1 May 1994 in Victoria when members of the Australian Workers' Union split away due to the declining membership of the AWU; the increase in AWU dues; and, a perceived anti-democratic bureaucracy in the AWU.

Australian Workers' Union
The Australian Workers' Union (AWU) is one of Australia's largest and oldest trade unions. It traces its origins to unions founded in the pastoral and mining industries in the late 1880s and it currently has approximately 80,000 members.

According to the moderately conservative publication, the Australian Financial Review, the AWU is one of the most powerful unions in the Labor Right faction of the Australian Labor Party.
1957–58 Oberliga
The 1957–58 Oberliga  was the thirteenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1959 German football championship which was won by FC Schalke 04. It was Schalke's seventh and last national championship and its first since 1942.

A similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1958 DDR-Oberliga was won by ASK Vorwärts Berlin.

1958 DDR-Oberliga
The 1958 DDR-Oberliga was the tenth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. Rather than in the traditional autumn-spring format the Oberliga played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961–62 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.

The league was contested by fourteen teams. National People's Army club ASK Vorwärts Berlin won the championship, the club's first of six national East German championships. On the strength of the 1958 title Vorwärts qualified for the 1959–60 European Cup where the club was knocked out by Wolverhampton Wanderers in the preliminary round.

Helmut Müller of SC Motor Jena was the league's top scorer with 17 goals.
Math 55
Math 55 is a two-semester freshman undergraduate mathematics course at Harvard University founded by Lynn Loomis and Shlomo Sternberg. The official title of the course is Studies in Algebra and Group Theory (Math 55a) and Studies in Real and Complex Analysis (Math 55b). Previously, the official title was Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra. The course has gained reputation for its difficulty and accelerated pace.

United States of America Mathematical Olympiad
The United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) is a highly selective high school mathematics competition held annually in the United States. Since its debut in 1972, it has served as the final round of the American Mathematics Competitions. In 2010, it split into the USAMO and the United States of America Junior Mathematical Olympiad (USAJMO).

Top scorers on both six-question, nine-hour mathematical proof competitions are invited to join the Mathematical Olympiad Program to compete and train to represent the United States at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
John D. Alexander (admiral)
John David Alexander (born 1959) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral and naval flight officer who last served as the 29th commander of the United States Third Fleet from September 15, 2017 to September 27, 2019. Prior to that, he held command tours as the commanding officer of USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) from January 2010 to September 2012, and commanding officer of the USS Juneau (LPD-10) from 2006 to 2007.

A native of Port Neches, Texas, Alexander graduated from the Aviation Officer Candidate School program in December 1982 and was designated a naval flight officer in November 1983. He graduated with a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas Tech University and an M.A. degree in Defense Studies from King’s College of the University of London as well as completing the Royal Naval Staff College Course, Greenwich (UK) and the U.S. Navy Nuclear Propulsion Program.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Hells Angels MC criminal allegations and incidents in Australia
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC), an international outlaw biker gang, has been involved in multiple crimes, alleged crimes, and violent incidents in Australia. The Hells Angels are legally classified as a criminal organisation in the Australian state of Queensland, and there have been attempts to classify them as such in New South Wales. The Hells Angels have been linked with drug trafficking and production, as well as a host of violent crimes including murder, in Australia.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
Roads of the Asante Empire
8 roads with several sub routes were built by the Asante Empire to connect the capital with cities north and south of the empire starting from the 18th century. Asante roads were supervised and policed by the government, but the sacred roads of the state received more attention. 4 main roads were directed northwards of the state whiles the other 4 were built south and towards the Coast. The southern roads of the Asante Empire fell into decline in the late 19th century and the entire road network was abandoned following British colonization.

Ivor Wilks
Professor Emeritus Ivor G. Wilks (19 July 1928 – 7 October 2014) was a noted British Africanist and historian, specializing in Ghana. Considered one of the founders of modern African historiography, he was an authority on the Ashanti Empire in Ghana and the Welsh working-class movement in the 19th century. At the time of his death, he was Professor Emeritus of History at Northwestern University in Illinois, USA.
Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Musical
The Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Musical was an award presented annually at the Lucille Lortel Awards to honor an actress for excellence in a leading role in an Off-Broadway musical production. The categories for lead performance were split into Outstanding Lead Actress in a Play and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Musical in 2014, before being retired in favor of gender-neutral categories in 2021.

Before the categories were split, several musical performers won or received nominations for the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actor:

Tonya Pinkins - 2004 winner for Caroline, Or Change

Elaine Stritch - 2002 nominee for Elaine Stritch: At Liberty

Jayne Houdyshell - - 2010 nominee for Coraline

Sherie Rene Scott - 2010 nominee for Everyday Rapture

Molly Ranson - 2012 nominee for Carrie

Mary Testa - 2012 nominee for Queen of the Mist

Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Play
The Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Play was an award presented annually at the Lucille Lortel Awards to honor an actor for excellence in a leading role in an Off-Broadway production. The categories were split into Outstanding Lead Actor in a Play and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical in 2014. The acting categories were made gender-neutral in 2021.

Ron Rifkin is the only performer to have won the award twice, from two nominations. Several musical performers won or received nominations in this category before it was split. Musical winners include Boyd Gaines (2000 for Contact) and Joel Hatch (2008 for The Adding Machine), and nominees include Deven May (2001 for Bat Boy: The Musical), Norbert Leo Butz (2002 for The Last Five Years), Hunter Foster (also 2002 for Urinetown) and Josh Grisetti and Sahr Ngaujah (both 2009 for Enter Laughing The Musical and Fela! respectively).
History of administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia
This article deals with historic administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia up to 1992, when the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

For the current divisions of those two countries, see their main articles and the articles Regions of Slovakia and Regions of the Czech Republic.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Torture of slaves in the United States
Torture of slaves in the United States was fairly common, as part of what many slavers claimed was necessary discipline. As one historian put it, "Stinted allowance, imprisonment, and whipping were the usual methods of punishment; incorrigibles were sometimes 'ironed' or sold." Alternatives to torture as a means of increasing productivity included "direct payment of slaves for extra work."

Theophilus Freeman
Theophilus Freeman (c. 1800 – May 18, 1860) was an American slave trader active in Virginia, Louisiana and Mississippi. He was known in his own time as wealthy and problematic. Freeman's business practices were described in two antebellum American slave narratives—that of John Brown and that of Solomon Northup—and he appears as a character in both filmed dramatizations of Northup's Twelve Years a Slave.
Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis
Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis or Inregillensis (fl. 505 – 480 BC) was the legendary founder of the Roman gens Claudia, and consul in 495 BC.  He was the leading figure of the aristocratic party in the early Roman Republic.

Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs]), commonly referred to as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/ swih-TOH-nee-əs; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum, commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars, a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.