hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Codex Azcatitlan
The Codex Azcatitlan is an Aztec codex detailing the history of the Mexica and their migration journey from Aztlán to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The exact date when the codex was produced is unknown, but scholars speculate it was crafted some time between the mid-16th and 17th centuries. The name of this important Mexica pictorial manuscript was suggested by its first editor, Robert H. Barlow, who erroneously interpreted the anthill on page 2 as the glyph for “Aztlán.” In the Bibliothèque nationale de France, where it is housed, it is known as Histoire mexicaine, [Manuscrit] Mexicain 59–64.

Cuauhtémoc
Cuauhtémoc (Nahuatl pronunciation: [kʷaːʍˈtemoːk] ⓘ, Spanish pronunciation: [kwawˈtemok] ⓘ), also known as Cuauhtemotzín, Guatimozín, or Guatémoc, was the Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, and the last Aztec Emperor.  The name Cuauhtemōc means "one who has descended like an eagle", commonly rendered in English as "Descending Eagle", evoking a raptor diving toward its prey.

Cuauhtémoc took power in 1520 as successor of Cuitláhuac and was a cousin of the late emperor Moctezuma II. His young wife, who was later known as Isabel Moctezuma, was one of Moctezuma's daughters. He ascended to the throne when he was around 25 years old, while Tenochtitlan was besieged by the Spanish and devastated by an epidemic of smallpox brought to the Americas by Spanish conquerors. After the killings in the Great Temple, there were probably few Aztec captains available to take the position.
Æthelmær the Stout
Æthelmær the Stout or Æthelmær the Fat (died 1015) a leading thegn from the 980s, discðegn (dish-bearer or seneschal) to King Æthelred the Unready, and briefly ealdorman of the Western Provinces in 1013. He was the founder of Cerne Abbey and Eynsham Abbey, and a patron of the leading scholar, Ælfric of Eynsham. He was the son of Æthelweard the historian, and descended from King Æthelred I.

Ealdorman
Ealdorman (/ˈɔːldərmən/ AWL-dər-mən or /(eɪ)ˈældərmən/ (ay-)AL-dər-mən, Old English: [ˈæɑɫdorˌmɑn]) was an office in the government of Anglo-Saxon England. During the 11th century, it evolved into the title of earl.
Gaelic Grounds
The Gaelic Grounds, known for sponsorship reasons as the TUS Gaelic Grounds, is the principal GAA stadium in the city of Limerick in Ireland. Home to the Limerick hurling and football teams, it has a capacity of 44,023.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Stara Gora pri Šentilju
Stara Gora pri Šentilju (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈɡɔːɾa pɾi ʃɛnˈtiːlju] or [ˈstaːɾa ˈɡɔːɾa pɾi ʃənˈtiːlju]) is a small dispersed settlement in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) south of Šentilj v Slovenskih Goricah in the Municipality of Šentilj in northeastern Slovenia.

Šentilj v Slovenskih Goricah
Šentilj v Slovenskih Goricah (pronounced [ʃɛnˈtiːl ʍ slɔˈʋeːnskiɣ ɡɔˈɾiːtsax] or [ʃənˈtiːl ʍ slɔˈʋeːnskiɣ ɡɔˈɾiːtsax]; Slovene: Šentilj v Slovenskih goricah, in older sources Sveti Ilj v Slovenskih Goricah, German: Sct. Egidi in Windischbüheln) is a town and the administrative seat of the Municipality of Šentilj in northeastern Slovenia. This town was an Austria-Slovenia border crossing checkpoint until December 21, 2007, when all immigration and customs checks ended after Slovenia joined the Schengen Area. The Austrian town opposite Šentilj is Spielfeld.

The parish church, from which the settlement also gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Giles. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1329. In 1532 it was looted by Ottoman Turks. It became an independent parish in 1784 and the current building was built in 1806 in a cruciform plan with a tall belfry.
NGC 3817
NGC 3817 is a barred spiral galaxy located approximately 91.7 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784, using his telescope in Slough, England. Classified as a LINER-type Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), NGC 3817 exhibits low-ionization nuclear emission lines from its core. With an apparent magnitude of 14.4, the galaxy features a faint ring structure and loosely wound spiral arms.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Jinping Commandery
Jinping Commandery (Korean: 진평군; Hanja: 晉平郡) was the territory of Baekje in Liaoxi of China. It appeared in history books of Southern dynasties of China such as Book of Song, Book of Liang and Book of Qi. However its existence is disputed by many historians.

Liaoxi
Liaoxi (simplified Chinese: 辽西省; traditional Chinese: 遼西省; pinyin: Liáoxī Shěng; Wade–Giles: Liao-hsi; lit. 'West of the Liao') was a former province in Northeast China, located in what is now part of Liaoning and Jilin provinces. It existed from 1949 to 1954, and its capital was Jinzhou.
Na Rì district
Na Rì is a rural district of Bắc Kạn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019 the district had a population of 38,263. The district covers an area of 834 km2. The district capital lies at Yến Lạc.

Xuân Dương, Thái Nguyên
Xuân Dương  is a commune (xã) and village in Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Xuân Dương Commune was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Xuân Dương Commune (natural area: 35.69 km²; population: 2,508), Đổng Xá Commune (natural area: 78.79 km²; population: 3,029), and Liêm Thủy Commune (natural area: 45.67 km²; population: 1,475) of Na Rì District.
Mahmoud Djellouli
Mahmoud Djellouli (1755–1839) was a trader and Tunisian diplomat. He was a member of the same clan as Youssef Saheb Ettabaa and among the important figures of his time.

The life of Djellouli illustrates the role played by the Mediterranean Sea in developing the financial and political power of Tunisian beys under the Ottoman Empire. He was a trader and also collected levies on the corsairs who became known as the Barbary pirates. He wielded great influence over Tunisian socioeconomic and political developments between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.

Qaid
Qaid (Arabic: قَائِد qāʾid, "commander"; pl. قَادَة qāda, or قُوَّاد quwwād), also spelled Quaid, kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the curia, usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as gaitus or gaytus. Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" or "alcaide". It is also used as a male Arabic given name.
William de Leybourne
Admiral Sir William de Leybourne (French: Guillaume de Leybourne; Latin: Willelmus de Leyburnia or Leyburna; c. 1242–1310) was an English knight and military commander, sometimes reckoned the first admiral of the English navy.

Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom (of England beginning in the 14th century, later of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800) is the title of the ceremonial head of the Royal Navy. Most have been courtiers or members of the British royal family, and not professional naval officers. The Lord High Admiral is one of the nine English Great Officers of State and since 2021 is held personally by the reigning monarch (currently King Charles III, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces).
Genetically modified maize
Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop. Specific maize strains have been genetically engineered to express agriculturally-desirable traits, including resistance to pests and to herbicides. Maize strains with both traits are now in use in multiple countries. GM maize has also caused controversy with respect to possible health effects, impact on other insects and impact on other plants via gene flow. One strain, called Starlink, was approved only for animal feed in the US but was found in food, leading to a series of recalls starting in 2000.

Mycotoxin
A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.

Examples of mycotoxins causing human and animal illness include aflatoxin, citrinin, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, patulin, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine.

One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and several species may produce the same mycotoxin.
Kje
Kje (Ќ ќ or Ḱ ḱ; italics: Ќ ќ or Ḱ ḱ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used only in the Macedonian alphabet, where it represents the voiceless palatal plosive /c/, or the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /tɕ/. Kje is the 24th letter in this alphabet. It is romanised as ⟨ḱ⟩ or sometimes ⟨ķ⟩ or ⟨kj⟩.

Words with this sound are most often cognates to those in Serbo-Croatian with ⟨ћ⟩/⟨ć⟩ and in Bulgarian with ⟨щ⟩, ⟨т⟩ or ⟨к⟩. For example, Macedonian ноќ (noḱ, night) corresponds to Serbo-Croatian ноћ/noć, and Bulgarian нощ (nosht). The common surname ending -ić is spelled -иќ in Macedonian.

Te (Cyrillic)
Te (Т т; italics: Т т or Т т; italics: Т т) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiceless dental stop /t̪/, like the pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ in "tool". In most cursive writing, lowercase Te looks like the Latin lowercase m.
2019 Città di Como Challenger
The 2019 Città di Como Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Como, Italy between 26 August and 1 September 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Northern (genre)
The Northern or Northwestern is a genre in various arts that tell stories set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska. It is similar to the Western genre, but certain elements are different, as appropriate to its setting. It is common for the central character to be a Mountie instead of a cowboy or sheriff. Other common characters include fur trappers and traders, lumberjacks, frontiersmen, prospectors, First Nations people, outlaws, settlers, and townsfolk.

International interest in the region and the genre was fuelled by the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) and subsequent works surrounding it, fiction and non-fiction. The genre was extremely popular in the interwar period of the 20th century. Northerns are still produced, but their popularity waned in the late 1950s.

Lumberjack
Lumberjack is a mostly North American term for workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees. The term usually refers to loggers in the era before 1945 in the United States, when trees were felled using hand tools and dragged by oxen to rivers.

The work was difficult, dangerous, intermittent, low-paying, and involved living in primitive conditions. However, the men built a traditional culture that celebrated strength, masculinity, confrontation with danger, and resistance to modernization.
Wakakirin Shinichi
Wakakirin Shinichi (若麒麟 真一, Wakakirin Shin'ichi), born September 21, 1983, as Shinichi Suzukawa (鈴川真一, Suzukawa Shin'ichi), is a former sumo wrestler from Hyōgo prefecture in Japan. His highest rank was maegashira 9. He was thrown out of the sport in February 2009 after being arrested for cannabis possession. In 2010 he became a professional wrestler.

Kimarite
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision. The records of kimarite are then kept for statistical purposes.

The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) have officially recognized 82 such techniques since 2001, with five also recognized as winning non-techniques. However, only about a dozen of these are frequently and regularly used by rikishi.

A sumo match can still be won even without a kimarite, by the virtue of disqualification due to a kinjite (foul), such as striking with closed fist.
Garriston
Garriston is a hamlet and civil parish north-east of Leyburn in North Yorkshire, England. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population at 20. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the parish of West Hauxwell.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Leyburn
Leyburn is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, sitting above the northern bank of the River Ure in Wensleydale. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the name was derived from 'Ley' or 'Le' (clearing), and 'burn' (stream), meaning clearing by the stream. Leyburn had a population of 1,844 at the 2001 census increasing to 2,183 at the 2011 Census. The estimated population in 2015 was 2,190.
Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock
Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 2004 to 2019. The Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock electoral district included the towns of Barrhead, Morinville, Westlock, Swan Hills, and Legal as well as numerous smaller hamlets.

Westlock
Westlock is a town in central Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1913, the town is primarily an agricultural, business, and government administration centre serving communities and rural areas within surrounding Westlock County.
Variable value stamp
A variable value stamp is a gummed or self-adhesive postage stamp of a common design, issued by a machine similar to an automatic teller machine (ATM), with a value of the user's choice printed at the time the stamp is dispensed. The value may be variable or from a fixed selection of postal rates. The stamps and machines are typically for use in retail or post office environments. As only the postal value varies from stamp to stamp, these stamps have been described as key type stamps. They are also closely related to meter stamps from postage meters.

As the concept has developed, a variety of different names have been used, including Automatenmarken (Germany), Computer vended postage stamp, ATM stamps (US), Autopost stamps (US), Frama labels (Europe) or machine labels (Stanley Gibbons catalogues).

Meter stamp
A meter stamp, or meter mark, is the impression made by a postage meter machine that indicates that postage has been paid on a letter or parcel. Meter stamps are widely used by businesses and organisations as they are more efficient than using postage stamps.

Meter stamps are not adhesive postage stamps in the normal sense, although they may be printed on adhesive labels before being applied to mail. Meter stamps are normally in red, although a variety of colours are found.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Katsina State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State
The 2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State were held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Katsina State. Kabir Abdullahi Barkiya representing Katsina Central, Mandiya Bello representing Katsina South, and Ahmad Babba Kaita representing Katsina North all won on the platform of All Progressives Congress.
Novo Sancti Petri
Novo Sancti Petri is a resort town in the municipality of Chiclana de la Frontera in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies along the Playa de la Barrosa to the south of the main town of Chiclana. It is known for its high number of golf courses and hotels, covering an area of about 4000 hectares. The municipality contains the largest number of hotel beds in the province of Cadiz and the Costa de la Luz and has about 20 luxury hotels which are 4 or 5 star. Notable golf courses include the 36-hole Club de Golf Novo Sancti Petri, the 18-hole Club de Golf Melia Sancti Petri, the 9-hole Club de Golf Campano, European Golfes Academy, Escuela de golf Practeegolf and Campo de golf Lomas de Sancti Petri. It also includes the Barceló Sancti Petri Spa Resort.

Costa de la Luz
The Costa de la Luz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkosta ðe la luθ], "Coast of Light") is a section of the Andalusian coast in Spain facing the Atlantic. It extends from Tarifa in the south, along the coasts of the Province of Cádiz and the Province of Huelva, to the mouth of the Guadiana River.

A holiday destination for vacationing Spaniards, in recent years the Costa de la Luz has seen more foreign visitors, especially from France, Germany, and the UK.  Increasing urbanization and tourism-oriented development of parts of the coast have had economic benefits.
Raoul Whitfield
Raoul Whitfield (November 22, 1896 – January 24, 1945) was an American writer of adventure, aviation, and hardboiled crime fiction. During his writing career, from the mid-1920s to the mid-1930s, Whitfield published over 300 short stories and serials in pulp magazines, as well as nine books, including Green Ice (1930) and Death in a Bowl (1931). For his novels and contributions to the Black Mask, Whitfield is considered one of the original members of the hard-boiled school of American detective fiction and has been referred as "the Black Mask's forgotten man".

By the mid-1930s, the amount of work Whitfield produced dropped substantially as he suffered what the Black Mask editor Joseph Shaw described as a "personal tragedy." Both his second and third wife died by suicide; in his later years, despite coming into money, Whitfield was broke and suffering from tuberculosis. He would die of the disease in 1945.

Jack Wrather
John Devereaux Wrather Jr. (May 24, 1918 – November 12, 1984), was an entrepreneur and petroleum businessman who became a television producer and later diversified by investing in broadcast stations and resort properties. He is best known for producing The Lone Ranger, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon, and Lassie television series in the 1950s as well as marrying actress Bonita Granville. His daughter, Linda Wrather appeared in one of the last episodes of the Lone Ranger, The Angel and the Outlaw.
Sir Robert Markham, 2nd Baronet
Sir Robert Markham, 2nd Baronet (1644 - 27 October 1690) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1678 to 1685.

Markham was the son of Sir Robert Markham, 1st Baronet of Sedgebrooke, Lincolnshire and his second wife Rebecca Hussey, daughter of Sir Edward Hussey, 1st Baronet. He matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford on 6 June 1660. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father on 2 February 1667. In 1678, he was elected Member of Parliament for Grantham in a by-election to the Cavalier Parliament. He also served jail time for touching little boys and girls. He was elected MP for Newark in the two elections of 1679 and in 1681.

Markham died at the age of about 46 and was buried at Sedgebrooke.

Markham married on 31 August 1665, at York, Mary Widdrington, daughter of Sir Thomas Widdrington, of Chesbourne, Northumberland, and his wife Frances Fairfax, daughter of Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron.

Thomas Widdrington
Sir Thomas Widdrington SL (died 13 May 1664) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1640 and 1664. He was the speaker of the House of Commons in 1656.
Powdery mildew (oaks)
Oaks (plants in the genus Quercus) have likely been hosts of powdery mildews since the pathogens first evolved in the Late Cretaceous. As a result, there is a very high diversity of powdery mildews on these hosts, with human trade in the host plant ensuring powdery mildew on oak can be found on every continent bar Antarctica.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
The Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips are a series of speech synthesizer digital signal processor integrated circuits created by Texas Instruments beginning in 1978. They continued to be developed and marketed for many years, though the speech department moved around several times within TI until finally dissolving in late 2001. The rights to the speech-specific subset of the MSP line, the last remaining line of TI speech products as of 2001, were sold to Sensory, Inc. in October 2001.

Linear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model.

LPC is the most widely used method in speech coding and speech synthesis. It is a powerful speech analysis technique, and a useful method for encoding good quality speech at a low bit rate.