hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defense industry of South Korea
The defense industry of South Korea is the main supplier of armaments to the Republic of Korea's Armed Forces. Originally heavily reliant on the United States to supply weapons to its armed forces, South Korea began manufacturing its own weapons through the country's industrialization and military modernization efforts. Today, South Korea enjoys a robust defense industry and is the world's 8th largest weapons exporter.

LIG Nex1
LIG Nex1 Co., Ltd. (Korean: 엘아이지넥스원), formerly known as LG Innotek (엘지이노텍) is a South Korean aerospace manufacturer and arms manufacturer. It was established in 1976 as Goldstar Precision. LIG Nex1 was previously owned by LIG Holdings Company, which in turn was owned by the LIG Group. In 2013, a consortium led by South Korea private equity firm STIC Investments acquired 49 percent stake in LIG Nex1 for 420 billion Korean won.

It develops and produces a wide range of advanced precision electronic systems, including missiles, underwater weapon systems, radars, electronic warfare, avionics, tactical communication systems, fire control systems, naval combat systems, and electro-optics. It is one of the major suppliers of weapon systems for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, as well as an international exporter of weapon systems.
Ford Edge
The Ford Edge is a crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by the Ford Motor Company introduced for the 2007 model year as the first mid-size CUV marketed by Ford in North America. Deriving its name from a trim package of the Ford Ranger, the Ford Edge is positioned between the Ford Escape and the Ford Explorer within the Ford product line.

Production of the North American Edge ended in April 2024, with the third generation Edge (dubbed the Edge L), launched in 2023, being produced and sold exclusively in China.

Sharing its underpinnings with the Ford Fusion sedan, Ford also marketed a rebadged variant as the Lincoln MKX (since 2019, the Lincoln Nautilus). The second generation is also marketed by Ford of Europe, positioned between the Kuga (Escape) and the Explorer PHEV.

Manufacturing of the first two generations took place at Oakville Assembly (Oakville, Ontario) alongside the Nautilus.

Variable valve timing
Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with variable valve lift systems. There are many ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from mechanical devices to electro-hydraulic and camless systems. Increasingly strict emissions regulations are causing many automotive manufacturers to use VVT systems.

Two-stroke engines use a power valve system to get similar results to VVT.
Jurna Vas
Jurna Vas (pronounced [ˈjuːɾna ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Jurna vas) is a settlement in the hills south of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

The local church, built on the southern outskirts of the village, is dedicated to Saint Margaret (Slovene: sveta Marjeta) and belongs to the Parish of Podgrad. It was built in the early 18th century.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Hypotermes makhamensis
Hypotermes makhamensis is a species of termite in the subfamily Macrotermitinae of the family Termitidae. It lives in dry evergreen forests in tropical south-eastern Asia and builds termite mounds in which it cultivates fungus for use as food.

Termitidae
Termitidae is the largest family of termites consisting of 2,125 described species of which are commonly known as the higher termites. They are evolutionarily the most specialised termite group, with their highly compartmentalized hindgut lacking the flagellated protozoans common to "lower termites", which are instead replaced by bacteria and archaea. Whereas lower termites are restricted mostly to woody tissue, higher termites have diverse diets consisting of wood, grass, leaf litter, fungi, lichen, faeces, humus and soil. Around 60% of species rely on soil-feeding alone.
Frontios
Frontios is the third serial of the 21st season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 26 January to 3 February 1984.

Set in the far future, the serial involves the alien Gravis (John Gillett) enslaving the last surviving humans to mine the planet for use as a spaceship for the Gravis.

Doctor Who season 21
The twenty-first season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 5 January 1984 with the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) serial Warriors of the Deep, and ended on 30 March 1984 with Colin Baker's first serial The Twin Dilemma. For the third time (the first being during Season 4 and second being Season 18), the entire TARDIS crew changed over the course of a single season. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with Eric Saward script editing.
Edelman (firm)
Edelman is a multinational American public relations and marketing consultancy firm. The company was founded in 1952 and named after its founder, Daniel Edelman. Since 1996 and as of November 2023, Edelman has been run by his son Richard Edelman, from its primary headquarters in New York City. As of 2022, it is the largest public relations firm in the world by revenue, with around 6,000 employees across 60 global offices.

Edelman has been accused of establishing "astroturfing" campaigns (seemingly grassroots groups that are fronts for industry) for its clients. The company has provided services for the fossil fuel industry, which includes earning hundreds of millions of dollars to advocate on behalf of the American Petroleum Institute, a fossil fuel industry group dedicated to the advancement of climate change denial and blocking of climate legislation. It is a partner organization of the World Economic Forum.

Front organization
A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization that acts for the parent group without the actions being attributed to the parent group, thereby allowing them to hide certain activities from the authorities or the public.
Continental Basketball Association award winners and alumni
The Continental Basketball Association was a men's professional basketball league that existed from 1946 to 2009. The league was formerly known as the Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League, the Eastern Professional Basketball League and the Eastern Basketball Association. There were several annual awards in the CBA including the Player of the Year Award, the Rookie of the Year Award, the Coach of the Year Award, the Defensive Player of the Year Award and the Newcomer of the Year Award.

Continental Basketball Association Newcomer of the Year Award
The Continental Basketball Association Newcomer of the Year was an award given to the best player in the CBA who had prior professional basketball experience, but was new to the league. The award was known as the Eastern Basketball Association Newcomer of the Year during the 1977–78 season, but the league re-branded as the Continental Basketball Association the following season and subsequently the name of the award changed.
Dipterocarpus borneensis
Dipterocarpus borneensis is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Sumatra and Java.

Dipterocarpus borneensis grows as a large tree reaching up to 30 m (100 ft) in height. It primarily occurs in lowland heath forests but also in mixed swamp forests and on raised beaches and plateaus. It occurs at elevations up to 400 m (1,300 ft).

Sundaland heath forests
The Sundaland heath forests, also known as Kerangas forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangka, which lie to the west of Borneo.
Pac-9 Conference
The Pac-9 Conference was a football-only junior college athletic conference with member schools located in Southern California. The conference was formed as a superconference of nine schools drawn from two conference. Bakersfield College, El Camino College, Long Beach City College,  Pasadena City College, and Taft College had competed in the Metropolitan Conference. Cerritos College, Fullerton College, Golden West College, and Mt. San Antonio College had been members of the South Coast Conference. The Pac-9 Conference was short-lived, operating for only two seasons, in 1984 and 1985. Fullerton and Taft were co-champions of the conference in 1984.

South Coast Conference (California)
The South Coast Conference (SCC) is a college athletic conference that is affiliated with the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA). Its members are located in the Greater Los Angeles region. The SSC was formed in 1968 as a football-only conference with eight members: Fullerton College, Golden West College, Mt. San Antonio College, Orange Coast College, Rio Hondo College, San Diego City College, San Diego Mesa College, and Santa Ana College.
Éder Militão
Éder Gabriel Militão Pinheiro (born 18 January 1998), better known as Éder Militão (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛdeʁ miliˈtɐ̃w̃]) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for La Liga club Real Madrid and the Brazil national team.

Militão began his career at São Paulo, playing 57 matches over a span of two years before transferring to Porto. In 2019, after one season in Portugal, he joined Real Madrid for a reported transfer fee of €50 million, where he has since won three La Liga and two UEFA Champions League titles.

Militão made his senior international debut for Brazil in 2018. He was part of their squads that won the Copa América in 2019 and came runners-up in 2021, also playing at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and the 2024 Copa América.

2022 UEFA Super Cup
The 2022 UEFA Super Cup was the 47th edition of the UEFA Super Cup, an annual football match organised by UEFA and contested by the reigning champions of the top two European club competitions, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The match featured Spanish club Real Madrid, winners of the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League, and German club Eintracht Frankfurt, winners of the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League. It was played at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland on 10 August 2022. The match was also a repeat of the 1960 European Cup final between both clubs, which was won 7–3 by Real Madrid. The match was the first European club competition fixture featuring the Semi-Automated Offside Technology (SAOT).

Real Madrid won the match 2–0 for their fifth UEFA Super Cup title, a competition record shared with Barcelona and Milan.
World Happiness Council
The World Happiness Council is a think tank of politicians and researchers based in the United Arab Emirates, intended to promote happiness and subjective well-being through the identification of public policy for policymakers worldwide and the standardization of happiness as a measure to guide governments.

Richard Layard, Baron Layard
Peter Richard Grenville Layard, Baron Layard FBA (born 15 March 1934) is a British labour economist, co-director of the Community Wellbeing programme at the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, and co-editor of the World Happiness Report. Layard is an economist who wants public policy to be targeted at the wellbeing of the people. To this end he has written 6 books and some 40 articles.

His work on mental health, including publishing The Depression Report in 2006, led to the establishment of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme in England.
Family tree of English monarchs
This is the family tree for monarchs of England (and Wales after 1282) from Alfred the Great to Elizabeth I of England. The House of Wessex family tree precedes this family tree and the family tree of the British royal family follows it.

For a simplified family tree see family tree of British monarchs (and alternative successions of the English and British crown for unsuccessful claimants' family trees).

(see List of monarchs of Wessex)

As to the medieval histories of Scotland and Wales:

The family tree of Scottish monarchs covers the same period in Scotland and, equally as shown, directly precedes the family tree of the British royal family.

The family tree of Welsh monarchs is relevant before the 1282 conquest by England.

Family tree of Scottish monarchs
This is a family tree for the kings and queens of Scotland, since the unification under the House of Alpin in 834, to the personal union with England in 1603  under James VI of Scotland. It includes also the Houses of Dunkeld, Balliol, Bruce, and Stewart.

See also: List of Scottish monarchs - Scotland - History of Scotland - List of British monarchs - Family tree of the British royal family - Family tree of British monarchs
Category of manifolds
In mathematics, the category of manifolds, often denoted Manp, is the category whose objects are manifolds of smoothness class Cp and whose morphisms are p-times continuously differentiable maps. This forms a category because the composition of two Cp maps is again continuous and of class Cp.

One is often interested only in Cp-manifolds modeled on spaces in a fixed category A, and the category of such manifolds is denoted Manp(A). Similarly, the category of Cp-manifolds modeled on a fixed space E is denoted Manp(E).

One may also speak of the category of smooth manifolds, Man∞, or the category of analytic manifolds,  Manω.

Category of sets
In the mathematical field of category theory, the category of sets, denoted by Set, is the category whose objects are sets.  The arrows or morphisms between sets A and B are the functions from A to B, and the composition of morphisms is the composition of functions.

Many other categories (such as the category of groups, with group homomorphisms as arrows) add structure to the objects of the category of sets or restrict the arrows to functions of a particular kind (or both).
Between Friends (comics)
Between Friends is an internationally syndicated comic strip written by Canadian Sandra Bell-Lundy. The comic strips appear in more than 175 newspapers in ten countries around the world. Three middle-aged professional women and the problems that they face in their lives are the main focus throughout the comic strip series. Initially, Maeve, Susan, and Kimberly were all childless, but Susan and Kimberly are now mothers. Between Friends initially appeared in the St. Catharines Standard in May 1990, and was syndicated by King Features in February 1994.

Bell-Lundy's original artwork used for the strips was displayed at Artway Gallery in Brampton, Ontario, in 2009.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Dovira
Dovira (Ukrainian: Довіра, pronounced [doˈwirɐ] ⓘ, lit. 'Сredence'), translated as Trust, is a parliamentary group in the Verkhovna Rada and political party in Ukraine, consisting of 20 previously non-partisan representatives. It was formed in the 9th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada on 6 December 2019. On 12 June 2020, a political party of the same name was registered on the basis of the parliamentary group.

Our Land (Ukraine)
Our Land (Ukrainian: Наш край, romanized: Nash krai) was a regionalist political party in Ukraine, founded on August 2011, that was dissolved in August 2025.

In 2014, originally named "Bloc Party", the party was renamed to "Our Land". In the October 2015 Ukrainian local elections the party took third place with 4,478 seats and 157 seats as mayors, heads of towns and villages. In the 2020 Ukrainian local elections the party gained 1,892 seats.

At a party congress held on 27 August 2025 the party decided to disband itself, due to his reputation being "critically damaged" by party members' collaboration with Russia following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Theophilus Levett
Theophilus Levett (1693–1746) was an attorney and early town clerk of Lichfield, Staffordshire, a prominent Staffordshire politician and landowner, and a member of a thriving Lichfield social and intellectual circle which included his friends Samuel Johnson, the physician Erasmus Darwin, the writer Anna Seward and the actor David Garrick, among others.

High Sheriff of Staffordshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and high sheriffs of Staffordshire.

The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. The sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. From 1204 to 1344 the High Sheriff of Staffordshire also served as Sheriff of Shropshire.

Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as sheriff was retitled high sheriff. The high sheriff changes every March.
Gillian Sheen
Gillian Mary Donaldson MBE (née Sheen; 21 August 1928 – 5 July 2021) was a British fencer and Olympic champion in foil competition. She won a gold medal in the women's individual foil event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. She also competed at the 1952 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
2022–23 Akron Zips men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Akron Zips men's basketball team represented the University of Akron during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Zips, led by sixth-year head coach John Groce, played their home games at the James A. Rhodes Arena in Akron, Ohio as members of the Mid-American Conference. As the third seed they defeated Buffalo in the first round of the MAC tournament before losing to Kent State to finish 22–11 and 13–5 in MAC play

2023 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) held March 9–11, 2023. The entire tournament was played at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in Cleveland, Ohio. Kent State defeated Toledo in the final to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA tournament. Sincere Carry was the MVP.
Isabella Holmes (abolitionist)
Isabella Holmes (1810 - c.1897) was an African-American abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts. She housed and protected African-American freedom seekers in her home on Holmes Alley, as a major operator of the secret network of safe houses that made up the Underground Railroad. She worked on the Underground Railroad alongside well-known abolitionists like Harriet & Lewis Hayden. Isabella Holmes was part of the community of free Black Bostonian women in the Beacon Hill neighborhood that operated the Underground Railroad.

She was born in 1810 to Reverend Samuel Snowden, the first Black Methodist pastor in Boston. She married a barber, Henry Holmes.

Lewis Hayden
Lewis Hayden (December 2, 1811 – April 7, 1889) escaped slavery in Kentucky with his family and reached Canada. He established a school for African Americans before moving to Boston, Massachusetts. There he became an abolitionist, lecturer, businessman, and politician. Before the American Civil War, he and his wife Harriet Hayden aided numerous fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad, often sheltering them at their house.

Hayden was elected in 1873 as a Republican representative from Boston to the Massachusetts state legislature. He helped found numerous black lodges of Freemasons. Located on the north side of Beacon Hill, the Lewis and Harriet Hayden House has been designated a National Historic Site on the Black Heritage Trail in Boston.
Groß Gerau station
Groß Gerau station is located approximately 500 metres north of the centre of the town of Groß-Gerau in the German state of Hesse on the Rhine-Main Railway, running from  Wiesbaden and Mainz to Darmstadt and Aschaffenburg. A curve branches off near the station connecting to the nearby Groß-Gerau-Dornberg station on the Mannheim–Frankfurt railway. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.  The station name has no hyphen unlike the town it is in, following a Prussian government order of 1910, which applied because of Prussian finance for the line, even though the station was in the Grand Duchy of Hesse.

Rhine-Main Railway
The Rhine-Main Railway (German: Main-Rhein-Bahn), is a railway line in southern Germany from Mainz via Darmstadt to Aschaffenburg. It was built by the Hessian Ludwig Railway (Hessische Ludwigsbahn) and opened on 1 August 1858 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany. Until 1862, when the railway bridge over the Rhine river constructed and assembled by MAN-Werk Gustavsburg was finished, a train ferry operated on the river.
Dominique Riquet
Dominique Riquet (born 18 September 1946 in Valenciennes, Nord) is a French surgeon and politician of the Radical Party who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from the 2009 to 2024, representing the North-West constituency. From 2002 until 2012, he was also the mayor of Valenciennes.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Jeong Keun-woo
Jeong Keun-woo (Korean: 정근우; Hanja: 鄭根宇; born October 2, 1982) is a former second baseman and shortstop who last played for the SK Wyverns, Hanhwa Eagles, and LG Twins in the Korea Baseball Organization. He bats and throws right-handed.

South Korea national baseball team
The South Korean national baseball team (Korean: 대한민국 야구 국가대표팀), also known as the Blue Wave (Korean: 푸른물결), is the national baseball team of South Korea. It has participated in every edition of the World Baseball Classic (WBC), reaching the finals in 2009, and won the WBSC Premier12 in 2015. South Korea also hosted and won the Baseball World Cup in 1982, and has participated in several Summer Olympic Games (winning gold over Cuba in 2008).

Currently, South Korean baseball is ranked sixth in the WBSC World Rankings. South Korea's main rival is Japan, which it has met in several WBC, Olympic, and Asian Baseball Championship games.

Team South Korea will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.