hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HM Excise
His or Her Majesty's Excise refers to 'inland' duties levied on articles at the time of their manufacture. Excise duty was first raised in England in 1643. Like HM Customs (a far older branch of the revenue services), the Excise was administered by a board of commissioners who were accountable to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. While 'HM Revenue of Excise' was a phrase used in early legislation to refer to this form of duty, the body tasked with its collection and general administration was usually known as the Excise Office.

In 1849 the Board of Excise was merged with the Board of Stamps and Taxes to form a new department: the Inland Revenue. Sixty years later the Excise department was demerged from the Inland Revenue and amalgamated with HM Customs to form HM Customs and Excise (which was itself amalgamated with the Inland Revenue in 2005 to create HM Revenue and Customs).

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
Perphenazine
Perphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug.  Chemically, it is classified as a piperazinyl phenothiazine. Originally marketed in the United States as Trilafon, it has been in clinical use for decades.

Perphenazine is roughly ten times as potent as chlorpromazine at the dopamine-2 (D2) receptor; thus perphenazine is considered a medium-potency antipsychotic.

Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated.

Some antiemetics previously thought to cause birth defects appear safe for use by pregnant women in the treatment of morning sickness and the more serious hyperemesis gravidarum.
Explorer Ellipse
The Explorer Ellipse is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Dean Wilson and produced by Explorer Aviation of Grangeville, Idaho. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Grangeville, Idaho
Grangeville is the largest city in and the county seat of Idaho County, Idaho, United States, in the north central part of the state. Its population was 3,308 at the 2020 census, up from 3,141 in 2010.
Ilie Văduva
Ilie Văduva (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈli.e ˈvəduva]; July 21, 1934 – November 13, 1998) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1985 until 1986, Minister of Foreign Trade and International Cooperation from August 26, 1986, until May 1988 and Presidential Counselor from December 1988 until December 1989. He was one of those arrested after the 1989 overthrow of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)
The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government. The current foreign minister is Oana Țoiu.
2-Phosphoglyceric acid
2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PG), or 2-phosphoglycerate, is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Darragh Corcoran
Darragh Corcoran (born 3 July 2000) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Ballyhale Shamrocks and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a wing-back or a corner-back.

2019–20 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2019–20 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The competition began on 27 October 2019 and ended on 19 January 2020.

The defending champion was Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny.

Ballyhale Shamrocks defeated Borris–Ileigh by 0–18 to 0–15 in the final at Croke Park on 18 January 2020 to win the competition. This was the club's eighth title, as well as a second title in succession.

T. J. Reid of Ballyhale Shamrocks was the competition's top scorer, finishing with 2–53.
Karlslunde IF
Karlslunde IF is a Danish association football club from Karlslunde, Greve Municipality. The football team is part of a sports club with approximately 900 members, and departments for badminton, table tennis, gymnastics, and shooting sports, as well as other activities.

The football department was founded in 1914, when it was established as a department within the club "Carlslunde-Carlstrup Skyttelag" from 1866.

To the 2025-26 season  Karlslunde IF and Greve IF merged their respectively top tier teams to form FC Sydkysten.

Greve Municipality
Greve Municipality (Danish: Greve Kommune is a kommune about 21 km south-west of Copenhagen in Region Sjælland on the east coast of the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 60 km2, and has a total population of 53,536 (2025).

The site of its municipal council is the town of Greve Strand.

It serves primarily as a residential municipality, functioning as a suburb for the larger Copenhagen area.
Spheno-maxillary fossa
The spheno-maxillary fossa is a small triangular space situated at the angle of the junction of the sphenomaxillary fissure and the pterygomaxillary fissure beneath the apex of the orbit. It is formed above by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid and by the orbital process of the palate bone.

Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
NGC 4488
NGC 4488 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 1,317±24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 63.3 ± 4.6 Mly (19.42 ± 1.40 Mpc). However, one non-redshift measurement gives a much closer distance of 26.26 Mly (8.050 Mpc). The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 28, 1785. NGC 4488 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Nelson Velázquez
Nelson Javier Velázquez (born December 26, 1998) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter in the St. Louis Cardinals organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and Kansas City Royals.

Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente
The Roberto Clemente Professional Baseball League (Spanish:  Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente, abbreviation LBPRC) is the main professional baseball league in Puerto Rico; it is colloquially referred to as the Puerto Rican Winter League. Consisting of six teams as of the 2023–24 season, the league's champion participates in the Caribbean Series.

The league was founded as Liga de Béisbol Profesional de Puerto Rico in 1938. In 2007, the league suspended operations for the first time since its creation; it resumed operations in 2008 after restructuring and changing its name to Puerto Rico Baseball League (PRBL). In May 2012, the league debuted its current name, choosing to honor Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Roberto Clemente by naming it after him and adopting his philosophy of athletic development.
WAUN (AM)
WAUN (1350 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a Classic rock format. Known as WPDR for nearly 70 years, the station previously held a news/talk format. Before that, WPDR played oldies and also played country music for many years. Licensed to Portage, Wisconsin, United States, the station is currently owned by Magnum Broadcasting. Co-owned WDDC, formerly WPDR-FM, is located at 100.1 MHz. WAUN is simulcast on FM via two translator stations, 102.1 in Baraboo which covers the majority of the Dells/Baraboo and Portage areas from a transmitter on the Baraboo Range as well as 96.9 in DeForest which covers the northern Madison area.

Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County. It is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Portage was named for the Fox–Wisconsin Waterway, a portage between the Fox River and the Wisconsin River, which was recognized by Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during their discovery of a route to the Mississippi River in 1673. The city's slogan is "Where the North Begins."
Rugby Post Office
The Rugby Post Office in Rugby, North Dakota, United States, is a post office building that was built in 1940.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as U.S. Post Office-Rugby.

Rugby, North Dakota
Rugby is a city in and the county seat of Pierce County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 2,509 at the 2020 census, making it the 19th largest city in North Dakota. Rugby was founded in 1886.

Rugby is often billed as the geographic center of North America.
KCNO
KCNO (94.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Alturas, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Edi Media, Inc. and features programming from Jones Radio Network.

Alturas, California
Alturas (Spanish for "Heights"; Achumawi: Kasalektawi) is the only incorporated city in Modoc County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Located in the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California, the city had a population of 2,715 at the 2020 census. Alturas is located at the confluence of the south and north forks of the Pit River, east of the center of Modoc County, at an elevation of 4,370 feet (1,330 m). Alturas is one of the largest cities in the region and a local economic hub.
Two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that uses compression ignition in a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.

In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; fuel is then injected into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite. This delivers a power stroke each time the piston rises and falls, without any need for the additional exhaust and induction strokes of the four-stroke cycle.

Junkers Jumo 205
The Jumo 205 aircraft engine was the most numerous of a series of aircraft diesel engines produced by Junkers. The Jumo 204 first entered service in 1932. Later engines of this type comprised the experimental Jumo 206 and Jumo 208, with the Jumo 207 produced in some quantity for the Junkers Ju 86P and -R high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, and the 46 m (151 ft) wingspan, six-engined Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wiking flying boat. All three of these variants differed in stroke and bore and supercharging arrangements. In all, more than 900 of these engines were produced, in the 1930s and through most of World War II.
History of Belarus (1991–present)
The modern history of Belarus began with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The new Belarusian country struggled with many problems, including post-Soviet debt, nuclear arsenal, and inflation. These factors contributed to the current history of the Republic of Belarus, especially to the current leadership under Alexander Lukashenko, under whom the country's democracy backslided and later turning into a full authoritarian dictatorship.

Jeans Revolution
The Jeans Revolution (Belarusian: Джынсавая рэвалюцыя, transliteration: Džynsavaja revalucyja, Russian: Джинсовая революция, romanized: Dzhinsovaya revolyutsiya) was a term used by Belarus' democratic opposition to describe its protests following the 2006 Belarusian presidential election.
Southern Angami Public Organization
The Southern Angami Public Organization is a public organization established in 1944. It is the apex public organization of the Southern Angami Nagas in the Indian state of Nagaland. 
Its main objective is to protect and safeguard the territories of the Southern Angamis.

Naga people
Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland and Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar (Burma); with significant populations in Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and Sagaing Region and Kachin State in Myanmar.

The Nagas are divided into various Naga ethnic groups whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct Naga languages often unintelligible to the others, but all are loosely connected to each other.
Culture of Kentucky
The culture of Kentucky is firmly Southern. It is also influenced by Southern Appalachia, blending with the native upper Southern culture in certain areas of the state. The state is known for bourbon and whiskey distilling, tobacco, horse racing, college basketball, and quilts.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Heliopsis lanceolata
Heliopsis lanceolata is a rare South American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in Colombia. It, H. canescens, and H. decumbens are the only three known species of their genus endemic to South America. All the other species are indigenous to North America, with one (H. buphthalmoides) found on both continents.

Heliopsis buphthalmoides
Heliopsis buphthalmoides is a New World species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is the only member of its genus native to both North America and South America. It is found in Mexico (from Durango and Sinaloa south to Chiapas), all 7 countries of Central America, and western South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Perú, and Bolivia).
Baby 81 (album)
Baby 81 is the fourth studio album by American rock band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. It was released on April 27, 2007, in Germany, April 30 in Europe, and on May 1 in the U.S. The album features a harder, more raw sound compared with their previous record Howl. It was also a studio comeback for drummer Nick Jago, who was unable to participate during the recordings of Howl (other than the last track recorded during the sessions, 'Promise'). A DualDisc edition of the album was set to be released on May 1 in the U.S.; however, it has since been canceled.

The album debuted at number 46 on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling about 14,000 copies in its first week.

The album title refers to Baby 81, a survivor of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

Howl (Black Rebel Motorcycle Club album)
Howl is the third studio album by American rock band Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. It was released on August 22, 2005 in the UK, August 23 in the US, and September 21 in Japan. The record was released in the UK and Europe by The Echo Label and by RCA in the US, Australia, Japan, and the rest of the world. The title of the record is a direct reference to Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl".
Battle of Dombås
The Battle of Dombås was fought between Norwegian Army infantry forces and German Fallschirmjäger paratroops in mid-April 1940. As part of their conquest of Norway south of Trondheim, and as a countermeasure against reported Allied landings in the Romsdal area of south-western Norway, the Germans dropped a company of paratroopers near the vital railroad junction of Dombås on 14 April 1940. For the next five days, the German force blocked the Dovre Line railroad line between Oslo and Trondheim, as well as the main road between the two cities.

Dovre (village)
Dovre is the administrative centre of Dovre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Gudbrandsdalslågen river in the upper Gudbrandsdalen valley about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast of the village of Dombås and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of the town of Otta. Both the European route E6 highway and Dovrebanen railway line both pass through the village. Dovre Church is located in the village.

The 1.12-square-kilometre (280-acre) village had a population (2012) of 416 and a population density of 371 inhabitants per square kilometre (960/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
Lake Constance (New Zealand)
Rotopōhueroa / Lake Constance is an alpine lake in the South Island of New Zealand.

It lies within the borders of the Nelson Lakes National Park. The lake is drained via an underground river into the nearby Blue Lake.

In August 2014, the official name for Lake Constance was altered to Rotopōhueroa / Lake Constance, following the Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the Crown and Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō.

Nelson Lakes National Park
Nelson Lakes National Park is in the South Island of New Zealand, at the northern end of the Southern Alps. It was created in 1956 (one of four created in the 1950s). The park contains beech forests, multiple lakes, snow-covered mountains and valleys created by glaciers during the ice ages.
Via Caecilia
Via Caecilia, an ancient highroad of Italy, which diverged from the Via Salaria at the 35th mile (56 km) from Rome, and ran by Amiternum to the Adriatic coast, passing probably by Hadria (Atri). A branch ran to Interamna Praetuttiorum (Teramo) and thence probably to the sea at Castrum Novum (Giulianova), a distance of about 151 miles (243 km) from Rome.
It was probably constructed by Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus (consul in 117 BC, censor 115).

Via Salaria
The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy.
It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to Castrum Truentinum (Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed through Reate (Rieti) and Asculum (Ascoli Piceno).

Strada statale 4 Via Salaria (SS4) is the modern state highway that maintains the old road's name and runs on the same path from Rome to the Adriatic Sea.
Confidence of Life Detection Scale
The Confidence of Life Detection Scale (CoLD) or the Ladder of Life Detection is a numerical scale developed by NASA astrobiologists to assess possible biosignatures of extraterrestrial life. It was suggested in 2018. The scale is designed similar to NASA’s technological readiness scale.

It is a seven-step scale:

Detect possible signal

Rule out contamination

Make sure biology is possible

Rule out non-biology

Find additional independent signal

Rule out other hypotheses

Independent confirmation

Biosignature
A biosignature is a phenomenon that can be explained by biological processes where all possible abiotic causes of this phenomenon have been eliminated. This term is mainly used in the field of astrobiology in the search for past or present extraterrestrial life, from planets and moons in the Solar System to exoplanets. Candidate biosignatures strongly indicate some of the earliest known life forms, aid studies of the origin of life on Earth as well as the possibility of life on Mars, Venus and elsewhere in the universe.
Protestant Church of Geneva
The Protestant Church of Geneva (EPG, French: Église protestante de Genève) is a Swiss organization of congregations in the Canton of Geneva. It was founded in 1536 during the Protestant Reformation. It was the state church of Geneva from its inception until 1907. It is a member of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches and, through that body, a member of the World Council of Churches and the World Communion of Reformed Churches. As of 2003, the church had approximately 94,472 members, of whom 15,095 were baptized. As part of the implementation of John Calvin's Ecclesiastical Ordinances, the ministers of the church are organized in the Company of Pastors, and the Genevan Consistory functions as a sort of parliament of the church.
Female ordination is allowed.

Ecclesiastical Ordinances
The Ecclesiastical Ordinances were the foundational laws introduced by John Calvin in Geneva in 1541 to organize the structure and discipline of the Reformed church. This had been requested by the Genevan authorities after he had been called back from exile, and were strongly influenced by his stay in Martin Bucer's Strasbourg. They defined four church ministries — pastors, doctors, elders, and deacons — and established the Company of Pastors and the Consistory to regulate doctrine, morality, and church governance in cooperation with the civil authorities in the city council.

Calvin insisted on the Ordinances being accepted as a condition of his return to Geneva. They were revised in 1561.