hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire
The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Klasik Çağ) concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566). During this period a system of patrimonial rule based on the absolute authority of the sultan reached its apex, and the empire developed the institutional foundations which it would maintain, in modified form, for several centuries. The territory of the Ottoman Empire greatly expanded, and led to what some historians have called the Pax Ottomana. The process of centralization undergone by the empire prior to 1453 was brought to completion in the reign of Mehmed II.

Karamanids
The Karamanids (Turkish: Karamanoğulları or Karamanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman (Turkish: Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was a Turkish Anatolian beylik (principality) of Salur tribe origin, descended from Oghuz Turks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
Essen-Kray Süd station
Essen-Kray Süd station is one of two railway stations in the German city of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, located in the district of Essen-Kray. The other one is Essen-Kray Nord station on the Essen–Gelsenkirchen railway line.

Essen-Kray Nord station
Essen-Kray Nord is a railway station on the Essen–Gelsenkirchen railway situated in Essen in western Germany. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station. It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S2 and by bus routes 144 (Steele – Annental – Stadtwaldplatz), 146 (Leithe Wackenberg + Essen Hbf – Stadtwald – Heisingen), 147 (Porscheplatz – Haarzopf Erbach + Grimbergstr), 170 (Steele + Schonnebeck – Katernberg – Altenessen – Borbeck) and 194 (Gelsenkirchen Hbf + Steele – Stadtwald – Haarzopf) operated by Ruhrbahn.
Nigeria, We Hail Thee
"Nigeria, We Hail Thee" is the national anthem of Nigeria. Dating to 1959, the lyrics were written by Lillian Jean Williams and the music was composed by Frances Benda. It was first used upon independence in 1960. The anthem was said to be frowned upon by the military regime until it was replaced by "Arise, O Compatriots" in 1978. "Nigeria, We Hail Thee" was officially readopted on 29 May 2024 after a bill to that effect was passed by the National Assembly and was signed by the President .

Oby Ezekwesili
Obiageli "Oby" Ezekwesili // ⓘ (born 28 April 1963) is a Nigerian economic policy expert, an advocate for transparency, accountability, good governance and human capital development, a humanitarian and an activist. She is a former vice president for the World Bank (Africa region), co-founder and founding director of Transparency International, co-founder of the #BringBackOurGirls movement and has served twice as federal Minister in Nigeria. She is also the founder of #FixPolitics Initiative, a research-based citizen-led initiative, the School of Politics Policy and Governance (SPPG), and Human Capital Africa.

Fondly called "Oby", Ezekwesili is a member of the board of directors of Women Political Leaders, a member of the  Fundacao Dom Cabral, and the chairperson of the board of trustees of Ehizua Hub.

Ezekwesili is also a chartered accountant, public analyst, and senior economic advisor from Anambra state.
Minnesota State Highway 91
Minnesota State Highway 91 (MN 91) is a 61.456-mile-long (98.904 km) highway in southwest Minnesota. It runs from Lyon County Road L14 at the Iowa state line near Ellsworth northward to State Highway 23 at Russell.

Interstate 90 in Minnesota
Interstate 90 (I-90) in the US state of Minnesota runs for 276 miles (444 km) across the southern side of the state, parallel to the Iowa state line. The route connects the cities of Worthington, Albert Lea, Austin, and Rochester. The city of Winona is also in close proximity to I-90, with about 10 miles (16 km) between the Interstate and the city.
Gunjan Walia
Gunjan Walia  is an Indian model turned television actress. She is best known for her role Krishna in the serial Kuch Apne Kuch Paraye as the main female lead. She replaced Twinkle Bajpai as Lakshmi on Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyann as the female lead. She has also featured in a video album "Jeena Tera Bina" by Arun Dagan. She also appeared in Naagin.

Tia Bajpai
Tia Bajpai (born Twinkle Bajpai) is an Indian singer, television and film actress. She made her film debut in 2011 with Vikram Bhatt's film Haunted - 3D, and appeared in 1920: Evil Returns and Baankey Ki Crazy Baraat. She also participated in Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2005.
Corroy, County Mayo
Corroy (Irish: Corr Ráithe, meaning 'round-hill fort') is a village in County Mayo in Ireland. It lies on the R310 regional road  between the town of Ballina and the village of Knockmore in the Parish of Backs.

Ballina, County Mayo
Ballina (/ˌbæləˈnɑː/ bal-ə-NA; Irish: Béal an Átha, meaning 'mouth of the ford') is a town in north County Mayo, Ireland. It lies at the mouth of the River Moy near Killala Bay, in the Moy valley and civil parish of Kilmoremoy, with the Ox Mountains to the east and the Nephin Mountains to the west. The town occupies two baronies; Tirawley on the west bank of the River Moy, and Tireragh, a barony within County Sligo, on its east banks. At the 2022 census, the population of Ballina was 10,556.
European Affiliates Championship
The European Affiliates Championship, formerly the ECC Trophy was a cricket tournament administered by the European Cricket Council for teams representing European countries. It was first played in 1999 and was last played in 2005. It has since been replaced by Division Three of the European Cricket Championship.

Greece national cricket team
The Greece national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Greece in international cricket. The side is organised by the Hellenic Cricket Federation, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1995 and an associate member in 2017.

Greece made its international debut at the 1990 European Cricketer Cup in Guernsey, and has participated regularly in European Cricket Council tournaments since then. Cricket in the country is played mainly on the island of Corfu. This strong cricket tradition is due to the 50 years British rule of the Ionian islands at the time of the liberation of Greece from the Ottoman Empire. Efforts are currently underway to expand the game further outside Corfu.
Kroh
Kroh or Keruh (Thai: โกร๊ะ; RTGS: Kro), now known as Pengkalan Hulu, is a town in Hulu Perak District, Perak, Malaysia bordering Thailand and also the state of Kedah. The nearest town on the Thailand side is Betong in Yala province.

Betong, Thailand
Betong (Thai: เบตง, pronounced [bēː.tōŋ]; Malay: Betung (Jawi: بيتوڠ); Chinese: 勿洞) is a town (thesaban mueang) in southern Thailand, near the Malaysian border. It is the capital of Betong District, the southernmost district of Yala Province. As of 2005, the town has a population of 24,688.

Betong is the southernmost town of Thailand and is popular with Malaysian tourists, due to its location at the border with the Malaysian state of Perak.
Signature operator
In mathematics, the signature operator is an elliptic differential operator defined on a certain subspace of the space of differential forms on an even-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold, whose analytic index is the same as the topological signature of the manifold if the dimension of the manifold is a multiple of four. It is an instance of a Dirac-type operator.

Pontryagin class
In mathematics, the Pontryagin classes, named after Lev Pontryagin, are certain characteristic classes of real vector bundles. The Pontryagin classes lie in cohomology groups with degrees a multiple of four.
Sisillius I
Sisillius I (Welsh: Seisyll) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 753 BC.

He was preceded by Gurgustius and succeeded by Jago. He was the father of Kimarcus, who became king of the Britons after Jago, and shares his name with one of the sons of Ebraucus, and two later kings of the same name (Sisillius II and Sisillius III). Geoffrey has nothing to say of him beyond this.

Ebraucus
Ebraucus (Welsh: Efrawg/Efrog) was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136). Later estimations from the dates given in the text place the events of this story around 1040 BC. He was the son of King Mempricius and father of Brutus Greenshield.
1986 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1986 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 86th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

West Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Killarney in the second round.

The final was played on 5 October 1986 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Austin Stacks and Killarney, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Austin Stacks won the match by 1-11 to 1-07 to claim their 10th championship title overall and a first title in seven years.

Mikey Sheehy was the championship's top scorer with 2-27.

1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board.

On 26 May 1889, Laune Rangers won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Dr. Crokes in the final at the Kerry County Athletic Club grounds.
Long Ping Estate
Long Ping Estate (Chinese: 朗屏邨) is a mixed TPS and public housing estate in Wang Chau, Yuen Long, New Territories, Hong Kong, near MTR Long Ping station. It is the third public housing estate in Yuen Long Town and the largest public housing estate in Yuen Long New Town, consisting of fifteen residential blocks completed between 1986 and 1989. Some of the flats were sold to tenants through Tenants Purchase Scheme Phase 6B in 2005.

Yuen Long Town
Yuen Long Town (formerly Un Long Town or Un Long Hui) is located in the district centre of Yuen Long District, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the heart of Yuen Long and Yuen Long New Town, with a population of around 200,000.
2018 Copa do Brasil Second Stage
The 2018 Copa do Brasil second stage was the second stage of the 2018 Copa do Brasil football competition. It was played from 14 to 22 February 2018. A total of 40 teams competed in the second stage to decide twenty places in the third stage of the 2018 Copa do Brasil.

2018 Copa do Brasil Third Stage
The 2018 Copa do Brasil third stage was the third stage of the 2018 Copa do Brasil football competition. It was played from 28 February to 15 March 2018. A total of 20 teams competed in the third stage to decide ten places in the fourth stage of the 2018 Copa do Brasil.
1939 NCAA cross country championships
The 1939 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the second annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States.

Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 19 teams and 67 individual runners contested this championship.

The meet was hosted by Michigan State College at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan for the second consecutive time. Additionally, the distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).

The team national championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their first, while the individual championship was won by Walter Mehl from Wisconsin, with a time of 20:30.9.

East Lansing, Michigan
East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Most of the city lies within Ingham County, although a small portion extends north into Clinton County. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 47,741. The city is located immediately east of Lansing, Michigan's capital and sixth most populous city. Both cities are part of the Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area.

East Lansing is a college town, and is home to Michigan State University (MSU), one of the largest public universities in the United States. The city is economically and demographically dominated by MSU.
Nissan Clipper
The Nissan Clipper is an automobile nameplate by Nissan that has been used for two separate commercial vehicle ranges of kei trucks in Japan. Originally, this was just a rebadged version of Prince's "Clipper" light/medium duty commercial vehicle range.

In 2003, the nameplate was revived for a rebadged version of the Mitsubishi Minicab, a kei truck/microvan provided in an OEM deal. The Clipper truck/van received its facelift on 2012 and renamed the NT100 Clipper (truck) and NV100 Clipper (van).

In late 2013, the rebadged Minicab models were replaced by a rebadged version of the Suzuki Carry and Every, due to Mitsubishi Motors announced that they would stop manufacturing their own petrol-engined kei trucks and microvans for 2014.

The Minicab EV-based Clipper EV was introduced in 2024.

Kei truck
A kei truck, kei-class truck, or Japanese mini truck, known in Japan as a keitora (軽トラ 'light truck'), is a style of pickup truck built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha (軽自動車 'light vehicle') statutory class of light vehicles. Limited to certain size restrictions—currently no more than 3.4 m (11.2 ft) long and 1.48 m (4.9 ft) wide—they are produced by a wide range of Japanese automakers and are available in rear-wheel or four-wheel drive.

Kei trucks were first introduced in Japan in 1959 and have since been widely used throughout Asia. Since at least the 2020s, they have become increasingly popular in North America, earning a cult following for the affordability and reliability.
Line 23 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 23 is an under construction Shanghai Metro line that would run from Shanghai Indoor Stadium in Xuhui District to Minhang Development Zone in Minhang District. Its It is planned to be 29 kilometres (18 mi) in length, and is planned to have 22 stations. The line was announced by the Shanghai municipal government in 2016. It will adopt unmanned driving (GoA4).

The line will not utilise the existing branch Line 5 service between Dongchuan Road and Minhang Development Zone stations, with the line planned to be fully underground. Once complete, it will feature interchange stations with Lines 3, 4, 5, 12, 15, and 19. The construction period of this project is expected to be 74 months.

Line 4 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 4 is a loop line of the Shanghai Metro network. The older rolling stock 04A01 carry a bright purple colour belt to differentiate them from Line 3 trains which share a portion of its route, while the newer 04A02 stock features a yellow and purple livery, which the exact line is labelled using sticker or screens saying "Line 3" or "Line 4". To determine the direction of travel, the line that travels counter-clockwise is called the Outer Loop (外环), while the other line is known as the Inner Loop (内环). Although it is a loop line, trains returning to the depot use Yishan Road as a terminal to let all passengers disembark. The first segment of the line between Damuqiao Road and Lancun Road (running in a "C"-shape) opened on December 31, 2005. The remainder of the line opened on December 29, 2007. The line is colored purple on system maps.
IBM System/360 architecture
The IBM System/360 architecture is the model independent architecture for the entire S/360 line of mainframe computers, including but not limited to the instruction set architecture. The elements of the architecture are documented in the IBM System/360 Principles of Operation and the IBM System/360 I/O Interface Channel to Control Unit Original Equipment Manufacturers' Information manuals.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
Russian Men's Handball Super Cup
The Russian Men's Handball Super Cup is a trophy that is played at the beginning of each season between the champion of Russia of the previous season and the winner of the Russian Cup of the previous season. If the champion and the Cup holder are the same team, then the Cup finalist plays with the champion. The trophy is held by the Russian Handball Federation and consists of one match. The trophy was played for the first time in 2014. Currently, the title sponsor of the tournament is the Olympus bookmaker, having replaced the VKontakte social network in 2018.

Handball Federation of Russia
The Handball Federation of Russia (Russian: Федерация гандбола России, romanized: Federatsiya gandbola Rossii) commonly known by its acronym, HFR, is the national governing body of handball in Russia. Is a public sports organization with its primary focus centered on the development and promotion of handball. RHF serves as the governing body responsible for organizing and overseeing handball competitions throughout Russia. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in the management and coordination of the Russian national handball teams.
Pumping lemma for context-free languages
In computer science, in particular in formal language theory, the pumping lemma for context-free languages, also known as the Bar-Hillel lemma, is a lemma that gives a property shared by all context-free languages and generalizes the pumping lemma for regular languages.

The pumping lemma can be used to construct a refutation by contradiction that a specific language is not context-free. Conversely, the pumping lemma does not suffice to guarantee that a language is context-free; there are other necessary conditions, such as Ogden's lemma, or the Interchange lemma.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Rivalry Week
Rivalry Week is a week of programming by ESPN devoted to showing the top rivalries in college basketball. Games that are annually shown during Rivalry Week include:

Indiana vs. Purdue (Indiana–Purdue rivalry)

Duke vs. North Carolina (Carolina–Duke rivalry)

West Virginia vs. Pittsburgh (Backyard Brawl)

Missouri vs. Kansas (Border War)

Syracuse vs. Connecticut

Syracuse vs. Georgetown

Oklahoma vs. Oklahoma State (Bedlam Series)

Villanova vs. Saint Joseph's (Holy War, also part of the Philadelphia Big 5)

Kentucky vs. Florida

UMass vs. Temple

Maryland vs. Duke (Duke–Maryland rivalry)

Ohio State vs. Michigan

Auburn vs. Alabama (Iron Bowl of Basketball)

Ole Miss vs. LSU

Backyard Brawl
The Backyard Brawl is the name given to the Pittsburgh–West Virginia rivalry. It is an American college sports rivalry between the University of Pittsburgh Panthers and the West Virginia University Mountaineers. While historically a rivalry between the two schools' football programs, the term "Backyard Brawl" has also been used to refer to college basketball games played annually or semi-annually and may also be used to refer to other athletic competitions between the two schools. It is a registered trademark for both universities, and refers to the close proximity of the two universities, separated by 75 miles (105 km) along Interstate 79. The football rivalry is the 14th oldest in the United States and is typically shown on national television. In the past, the Backyard Brawl has been seen on ABC, CBS, ESPN, and ESPN2.
KUTX
KUTX (98.9 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Leander, Texas and serving the greater Austin, Texas area with an adult album alternative format. The station is owned by University of Texas at Austin with headquarters at the Belo Center for New Media (A0704) on the University of Texas at Austin campus on West Dean Keaton Street.

Leander, Texas
Leander (/liˈændər/ lee-AN-dər) is a city in Williamson and Travis Counties, Texas, United States. Its population was 59,202 at the 2020 census and 87,511 at the 2024 census estimate. A suburb just north of Austin, and part of the Greater Austin metropolitan area, it was the fastest-growing city in the United States between 2018 and 2019.
Carlos Gustavo dos Anjos
Carlos Gustavo dos Anjos (born 1 September 1956) is a São Toméan diplomat. He was Foreign Minister from April 2006, when the government of Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz took office, until he was replaced by Ovídio Manuel Barbosa Pequeno on November 20, 2007.

On October 2, 2009, he was ambassador to the European Union.

Other than Portuguese and Creole, he is fluent in English, Spanish, French, and Italian.

Tomé Vera Cruz
Tomé Soares da Vera Cruz (born 23 July 1956) was the 14th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from April 2006 to February 2008. He is also Secretary-General of the Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party (MDFM-PL). In addition to becoming prime minister, he became minister of information and regional integration.
Ionuț Andrei
Ionuț Andrei (born 20 December 1985) is a Romanian bobsledder who has competed since 2004. He finished 15th in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

At the FIBT World Championships, Andrei earned his best finish of 18th in the four-man event at Lake Placid, New York, in 2009.

He was born in Schitu Golești.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.