hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Markuszów
Gmina Markuszów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Markuszów, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Puławy and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 40.39 square kilometres (15.6 sq mi), and as of 2011 its total population is 3,070. It is the smallest gmina in Puławy County in terms of area as well as population.

Puławy County
Puławy County (Polish: powiat puławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was first established in 1867, but its current borders were established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Puławy, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. The county also contains the towns of Nałęczów, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Puławy, and Kazimierz Dolny, 11 km (7 mi) south of Puławy.

The county covers an area of 933 square kilometres (360.2 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 113,441, including 47,634 in Puławy, 3,749 in Nałęczów, 2,563 in Kazimierz Dolny and a rural population of 59,495.
Andrei Pakin
Andrei Pakin (Russian: Андрей Пакин; born January 3, 1978) is a Kyrgyzstani former swimmer, who specialized in middle-distance freestyle and in individual medley events. Pakin competed in two swimming events at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He eclipsed a FINA B-cut of 2:09.26 (200 m individual medley) from the Russian Open Championships in Saint Petersburg. In the 4×200 m freestyle relay, Pakin, along with Aleksandr Shilin, Ivan Ivanov, and Russian import Dmitri Kuzmin, were disqualified from heat one for an early takeoff during the lead-off leg. The following day, in the 200 m individual medley, Pakin placed fortieth on the morning prelims. He posted a sterling time of 2:07.88 to overhaul a fast-pacing George Gleason of the Virgin Islands at the final turn and blister a top finish in heat one.

George Gleason
George Gleason (born August 8, 1979) is a former swimmer from the U.S. Virgin Islands, who specialized in freestyle and backstroke events. He is a two-time Olympian (2000 and 2004), a swimming captain for the Yale Bulldogs, and a graduate of sociology (2001) at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Gleason also capped his swimming career by an eleventh-place finish in the 200 m backstroke at the NCAA Swimming Championships in College Station, Texas, earning him All-American honors.
Mambo Italiano (song)
"Mambo Italiano" is a popular song written by Bob Merrill in 1954 for the American singer Rosemary Clooney. The song became a hit for Clooney, reaching the top ten on record charts in the US and France and No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart in early 1955. The song has shown enduring popularity, with several cover versions and appearances in numerous films.

Nonsense verse
Nonsense verse is a form of nonsense literature usually employing strong prosodic elements like rhythm and rhyme. It is often whimsical and humorous in tone and employs some of the techniques of nonsense literature.

Limericks are probably the best known form of nonsense verse, although they tend nowadays to be used for straightforward humour, rather than having a nonsensical effect.

Among writers in English noted for nonsense verse are Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, Mervyn Peake, Edward Gorey, Colin West, Dr. Seuss, and Spike Milligan. The Martian Poets and Ivor Cutler are considered by some to be in the nonsense tradition.
MV Agusta 125 Regolarità
The MV Agusta 125 Regolarità was a dual-sport motorcycle built from 1965 to 1970 by the Italian manufacturer MV Agusta at their Cascina Costa plant. Production was 63 machines, built in 2 batches; 46 in 1965 and 17 in 1969.

Dual-sport motorcycle
A dual-sport motorcycle  is a type of motorcycle that is designed for varying degrees of off-road use while still being street-legal.  Dual-sports are equipped with lights, a speedometer, mirrors, a horn, registration plates, turn signals, and a muffler with spark arrestor and decibel noise output to comply with government regulations. They vary considerably in engine size and weight, though they are typically 510cc or smaller. They are often versions of off-road bikes that have been made legal for street driving.

Other names such as all-road, on/off-road, dual-purpose, and adventure bike may be chosen by the manufacturer based upon the size, weight, and intended application of the motorcycle. Typically the dual sport category weighs less than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable off-road, while adventure bikes are more than 400 pounds/180 kilos to make them more comfortable and capable on the pavement.
Behar, Punjab
Behar is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19.7 km (12.2 mi) from Nakodar, 30 km (19 mi) from Phillaur, 43 km (27 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 153 km (95 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Athletics at the 2003 South Pacific Games
Athletics competitions at the 2003 South Pacific Games were held at the National Stadium in Suva, Fiji, between July 7 and 12, 2003.

A total of 44 events were contested, 23 by men and 21 by women.

There were some issues with the eligibility of athletes.  Lisa Misipeka and Kelsey Nakanelua, both from American Samoa, were excluded, because due to the games charter, the athletes must have lived in their country or territory for at least five years.  Expatriates must have lived in that country or territory for a period of four years immediately prior to the closing date for individual entries. Kristy Slade from Samoa was also found to be ineligible after winning the women's heptathlon.

Athletics at the Pacific Games
Athletics competitions have been held at every Pacific Games since the inaugural edition 1963 in Suva, Fiji and at every Pacific Mini Games since the inaugural edition 1981 in Honiara, Solomon Islands.  Both events are open for the 22 member federations of the Pacific Games Council.   The Pacific Games started as South Pacific Games and were renamed in 2011, whereas the Pacific Mini Games started as South Pacific Mini Games and were renamed in 2009.
Shosse Entuziastov (Moscow Metro)
Shosse Entuziastov (Russian: Шоссе Энтузиастовpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station on the Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line. It is located between Aviamotornaya and Perovo stations.

The station is named after the Entuziastov Highway, under which it is located. The design theme of the station is the struggle for freedom during Russia's history. Shosse Entuziastov station is decorated in various colours and shades of marble, with colours ranging from dark grey to yellow. Sculptures and pictures relating to revolutionary subjects adorn the walls. On the western end of the central hall there is a large sculpture — "Flame of Freedom" — designed by A. Kuznetsov.

Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line
The Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line (Кали́нинско-Солнцевская ли́ния, IPA: [kəˈlʲinʲɪnskə ˈsontsəfskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə] pronunciationⓘ) (Line 8; Yellow Line) is a line of the Moscow Metro system in Moscow, Russia, currently consisting of two separate parts. It was opened as the eastwards Kalininskaya line in 1979, with the first stations of the western Solntsevsky radius opening in 2014. Presently, there are 8 stations on the eastern section and 14 on the western section. The two parts are planned to be joined after 2023. To distinguish the 2 sections, the newer west section is identified as the  Line 8A or Solntsevskaya Line.
South African Light Horse
The South African Light Horse regiment of the British Army were raised in Cape Colony in 1899 and disbanded in 1907.

The commanding officer tasked with raising the regiment was Major (locally a Lieutenant Colonel) the Honourable Julian Byng (10th Hussars) who would go on to rise to the rank of Field Marshal).

The future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill served as a lieutenant in the SALH from January to July 1900.

Douglas Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald
Lieutenant-General Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald, KCB, KCVO (29 October 1852 – 12 April 1935), styled Lord Cochrane between 1860 and 1885, was a British Army officer and politician.
Duchy Home Farm
The Duchy Home Farm is an organic farm operated by the Duchy of Cornwall. The farm is part of the gardens of Highgrove House, the country home of King Charles III. The produce is used as ingredients in Duchy Originals products, sold in vegetable boxes, and wholesaled to supermarkets and restaurants. King Charles is credited with using "pioneering agriculture techniques" to produce this organic food.

Waitrose Duchy Organic
Waitrose Duchy Organic (formerly Duchy Originals from Waitrose and earlier simply Duchy Originals) is a brand of organic food sold in Waitrose stores in the United Kingdom. The brand is a partnership between Waitrose and Duchy Originals Limited, a company set up in 1990 by King Charles III when he was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall. The Duchy Originals company is named after the Duchy of Cornwall estates that are held in trust by the Duke of Cornwall, who often holds the title Prince of Wales.
2020 Women's Masters Basel
The 2020 Women's Masters Basel was held from September 18 to 20 at the Curlingzentrum Region Basel in Arlesheim, Switzerland as part of the World Curling Tour. The event was held in a round-robin format with a purse of 32,000 CHF. It was the first women's event of the 2020–21 curling season.

Olympic Gold Medalists Anna Hasselborg from Sweden defeated Raphaela Keiser from Switzerland in the final to win the event. Hasselborg finished the round robin with a perfect 4–0 record and won all three of their playoff games to claim the title. Team Keiser upset Swiss champions Elena Stern in the semifinal to qualify for the final. Keiser is coached by two-time world champion Binia Feltscher.

The event was intended to use a triple-knockout format, like previous years, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic many teams had to opt-out of the event, leaving a smaller field than usual.

Arlesheim
Arlesheim is a town and a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Its cathedral chapter seat, bishop's residence and cathedral (1681 / 1761) are listed as a heritage site of national significance.

The official language of Arlesheim is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, while the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The cathedral has a Baroque organ built by the German builder Johann Andreas Silbermann, based in Alsace, in 1761. The instrument was restored by Metzler in 1959–1962, and is an example of the fusion of French and German organ building styles. It has been used in several recordings, including Lionel Rogg's recording of the complete organ works of J. S. Bach, for Harmonia Mundi France in 1970.
Carriedo station
Carriedo station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system along the district boundary of Santa Cruz and Quiapo in Manila.

Carriedo is the first station north of the Pasig River. It is the fifteenth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr. and the eleventh station for trains headed to Dr. Santos. It is named after Carriedo Street, which crosses beneath it and is itself named after Spanish philanthropist Francisco Carriedo y Pedero.

It is one of the ten stations on the line to have its concourse area below the platform, the other nine being Dr. Santos, Ninoy Aquino Avenue, PITX, MIA Road, Redemptorist-Aseana, Baclaran, Central Terminal, Balintawak, and Fernando Poe Jr.

Fernando Poe Jr. station
Fernando Poe Jr. station, also known by its previous name Roosevelt station, is the current northern terminus of the Light Rail Transit Line 1 (LRT-1) system. It opened on October 22, 2010, as part of the LRT-1 North Extension Project, as Roosevelt (Tagalog: [ˈrusvɛlt, ˈrusbɛlt]) and got its current name on August 20, 2023, almost two years after the namesake avenue was officially renamed after the Filipino actor.

Fernando Poe Jr. is one of the two LRT-1 stations serving Quezon City, the other being Balintawak.

It is located along EDSA at the boundary of barangays Veterans Village and Ramon Magsaysay (Bago Bantay) in Quezon City, both of Projects 7 and 8, respectively. It links to Congressional Avenue and Fernando Poe Jr. Avenue.
NGC 343
NGC 343 are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Frank Muller. It was described by Dreyer as "extremely faint, very small, irregularly round, suddenly brighter middle and nucleus (perhaps a star?)."

Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies, also known as colliding galaxies, are two or more galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another. There are several types of galactic interactions, including major interactions, minor interactions, and galaxy harassment. Major interactions occur between galaxies with similar amounts of mass, whereas minor interactions involve galaxies with masses that vary significantly. An example of a minor interaction is a satellite galaxy disturbing the primary galaxy's spiral arms. An example of a major interaction is a galactic collision, such as the one that  astronomers estimate will happen in the future between the Milky Way and Andromeda. Collisions may lead to galaxy mergers and may also lead to other phenomena such as star formation and black hole activity.
Family Online Safety Institute
The Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI) is an international nonprofit organization. It is registered as a 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity in the United States and a registered charity in the United Kingdom. FOSI was founded in February 2007 by Stephen Balkam, who had created the Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA). FOSI is chaired by Dave Pierce, Vice President of Public Affairs, NCTA.

CTIA (organization)
CTIA is a trade association representing the wireless communications industry in the United States. The association was established in 1984 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. It is a 501(c)(6) nonprofit membership organization, and represents wireless carriers and suppliers, and manufacturers and providers of wireless products and services.

CTIA operates certification programs for the wireless industry and publishes wireless industry surveys. It has also sponsored various public service initiatives related to wireless.

It was initially known as the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association until 2004, and later the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association. The organization has since operated under its initialism only, subtitled as CTIA – The Wireless Association until 2015.
Exessive case
The exessive case (abbreviated EXESS) is a grammatical case that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of Baltic-Finnic languages. It completes the series of "to/in/from a state" series consisting of the translative case, the essive case and the exessive case.

The exessive case has been described in Estonian, South Estonian, Livonian, Votic, Ingrian, Ludic, Karelian, and Finnish.

Essive case
In grammar, the essive case, or similaris case, (abbreviated ESS) is a grammatical case. The essive case on a noun can express it as a definite period of time during which something happens or during which a continuous action was completed. It can also denote a form as a temporary location, state of being, or character in which the subject was at a given time. The latter meaning is often described as the equivalent of the English phrase "as a __".
Tannenberg (video game)
Tannenberg is a squad-based multiplayer first-person shooter video game set during World War I. It is a sequel to Verdun, and entered Steam Early Access in November 2017, followed by its full release on February 13, 2019. It was released on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 24, 2020.

Tannenberg is inspired by the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia. The game includes historically accurate World War I weapons, authentic uniforms and equipment, detailed injury and gore modeling, and maps based on the real battlefields of the Eastern Front.

The game runs on the Unity engine and was developed by independent studios M2H and BlackMill Games.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
DHA-clozapine
DHA-clozapine (tentative trade name Clozaprexin) is an atypical antipsychotic drug candidate that was created and originally tested by chemists at Protarga, a small pharmaceutical in Pennsylvania, and scientists at Harvard University.

It is a prodrug of  clozapine; the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was added to clozapine in order to increase penetration of the blood–brain barrier.

Protarga was purchased by Luitpold Pharmaceuticals in 2003 and development was discontinued in 2007.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Julian Ferguson
Julian Harcourt Ferguson (2 June 1895 – 6 May 1965) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Barrie, Ontario and had careers in insurance and manufacturing.

He was first elected at the Simcoe North riding in the 1945 general election and re-elected there in 1949 and 1953. After the end of his final term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, Ferguson left the House of Commons and did not seek re-election in the 1957 election

Ferguson's granduncle was Thomas Roberts Ferguson, a member of Ontario's first Legislative Assembly and of Canada's first Parliament.

Thomas Roberts Ferguson
Thomas Roberts Ferguson (December 1818 – September 15, 1879) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Cardwell in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1873 and Cardwell in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1872.

His niece was women's rights activist Emily Murphy (née Ferguson), one of "The Famous Five".
Royal Anglesey Militia
The Royal Anglesey Militia, later the Royal Anglesey Royal Engineers (RARE) was an auxiliary regiment organised in the Welsh island county of Anglesey during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all Britain's major wars. In 1877 it became a unit of the Royal Engineers (REs) and in this role detachments saw active service during the Second Boer War. It served as a Special Reserve unit in World War I, supplying several siege, railway and field engineer companies to the fighting fronts as well as training men for the REs. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

Lewis gun
The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned breech-to-muzzle aluminium heat sink to cool the gun barrel), and top-mounted pan magazine. The Lewis served until the end of the Korean War, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling.
Manie Libbok
Immanuel "Manie" Libbok (born 15 July 1997) is a South African professional rugby union player. His current club is the Japanese-based Hanazono Kintetsu Liners. He previously played for the Stormers in the United Rugby Championship and Western Province in the Currie Cup. Internationally, he represents South Africa.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Xenonium
The xenonium ion, XeH+, is an onium compound, consisting of protonated xenon.  Although the existence of the xenonium salts has not been proven, the isolated XeH+ ion is known. Salts of the fluoroxenonium ion, XeF+, are known to exist, for instance fluoroxenonium pentafluoroplatinate (XeFPtF5), more commonly known as xenon hexafluoroplatinate.

Xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate is the product of the reaction of platinum hexafluoride with xenon, in an experiment that proved the chemical reactivity of the noble gases. This experiment was performed by Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia, who formulated the product as "Xe+[PtF6]−", although subsequent work suggests that Bartlett's product was probably a salt mixture and did not in fact contain this specific salt.