hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toshizō Nishio
Toshizō Nishio (西尾 寿造, Nishio Toshizō, 31 October 1881 – 26 October 1960) was a Japanese general, considered to be one of the Imperial Japanese Army's most successful and ablest strategists during the Second Sino-Japanese War, who commanded the Japanese Second Army during the first years after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.

Inspectorate General of Military Training
The Inspectorate General of Military Training (教育総監部, Kyōiku sōkanbu) was a section of the Imperial Japanese Army charged with military education and training in the army, except military aviation training. It was headed by an inspector general who was responsible for overseeing technical and tactical training, and who reported directly to the Emperor of Japan via the Imperial General Headquarters rather than to the Army Minister or the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office. The position of Inspector-General of Military Training was thus the third most powerful position within the Japanese Army.
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of South Carolina, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

This was the first time that the Democrats picked up a seat in South Carolina since 1986. The state congressional delegation changed from 6–1 for Republicans to 5–2 for Republicans. This is the only time since 2008 that Democrats had won more than one U.S. House seat in South Carolina.
Metamorphosis (Papa Roach album)
Metamorphosis is the sixth studio album by American rock band Papa Roach. It was released by DGC and Interscope on March 24, 2009. The album was originally planned to be titled Days of War, Nights of Love, which is a lyrical quote from the song "No More Secrets" on the band's previous album, The Paramour Sessions. Subsequently, two songs on the album are titled "Days of War" and "Nights of Love". It is the first album to feature Tony Palermo on drums, who joined the band in 2007 after original drummer Dave Buckner's departure.

The Paramour Sessions
The Paramour Sessions is the fifth studio album and fourth major-label by American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on September 12, 2006 through Geffen Records.  Following up from their fourth album Getting Away with Murder, the album confirmed the band's move from nu metal to an alternative rock and hard rock sound. The Paramour Sessions peaked at number 16 on the Billboard 200. A deluxe version of the album was released on June 12, 2007. It is the final album to feature the Infest era lineup.
Enniscorthy
Enniscorthy (Irish: Inis Córthaidh) is the second-largest town in County Wexford, Ireland. The town is located on the picturesque River Slaney and in close proximity to the Blackstairs Mountains and Ireland's longest beach, Curracloe.

The Placenames Database of Ireland sheds no light on the origins of the town's name. It may refer either to the "Island of Corthaidh" or the "Island of Rocks". The cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns is located in the town as well as an array of other historical sites such as Enniscorthy Castle and the key battle site of the 1798 Rebellion.

At the 2022 census, the population of the urban area of Enniscorthy was 12,310. The town is twinned with Gimont, France.

Curracloe
Curracloe (Irish: Currach Cló, meaning 'marsh of the impression') is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. Around 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Wexford town, it is on the R742 road at the junction with the R743 road. It is linked to the long and sandy Curracloe Strand (beach) 4 km (2.5 mi) to the east. Curracloe sees an influx of holiday travellers every summer, who stay in bed & breakfast inns, mobile homes and caravan parks.
Joseph A. Melley
Joseph Aloysius Melley (March 1, 1902 – October 28, 1983) was a Massachusetts attorney and politician who served as the thirty ninth Mayor of Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA, and in both houses of the Massachusetts legislature.

Government of Chelsea, Massachusetts
The city government of Chelsea, Massachusetts was incorporated in 1857. From 1739 to 1857, Chelsea was incorporated as a town. From 1857 to 1991 (with the exception of 1908 to 1911), the city's head of government was the mayor of Chelsea. The office of mayor ceased to exist after the city went into receivership. Since 1995, Chelsea has been led by a city manager.
Ralph Niger
Ralph Niger, Latin Radulphus Niger or Radulfus Niger, anglicized Ralph the Black (c. 1140 – c. 1199), was an Anglo-French theologian and one of the English chroniclers.

Little is known about Niger's early life. From around 1160 to 1166, he studied in Paris, where he was a student of John of Salisbury and Gerard la Pucelle, and, at some point in his life, probably also in Poitiers. At Paris, he may also have been a teacher of rhetoric and dialectics.

Niger was part of Thomas Becket's entourage during the latter's exile in France in the early 1160s and played an important role in connecting the exiled archbishop with Pope Alexander III's German ally Conrad of Mainz. After the reconciliation between Henry II and Becket, he was employed by the king, but he left England for France after Becket's murder in 1170. After Henry's death in 1189, he returned to England, where he became a canon in Lincoln.

John of Salisbury
John of Salisbury (late 1110s – 25 October 1180), who described himself as Johannes Parvus ("John the Little"), was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres.  The historian Hans Liebeschuetz described him as one of the most notable figures of the "medieval Renaissance" of the 12th century.
Switzerland (album)
Switzerland is the title of the third album by Detroit rock band Electric Six.

The album consists of thirteen new tracks. The band commented that:

[...] for the first time, none of the songs have the word "dance" or variation of "dance" in the title. But fear not. We have songs with "drugs" and "girls" and "tonight" and "night" and "louder" and "party" in the title, so we haven't given up on our philosophy just yet.

A music video for the song "I Buy the Drugs" was recorded on July 1, 2006 and was released on their MySpace site in early August. A digital download of the track followed on August 15, 2006.

The album was released on September 12, 2006 in the United States and was followed by releases in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Scandinavia.

Tyler Spencer
Tyler Spencer (born January 22, 1972), also known as Dick Valentine, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and author. He is best known as the lead vocalist, main lyricist, and co-founder of the rock band Electric Six.
Arsenal Cider House
Arsenal Cider House and Wine Cellar is a small-batch cider manufacturer located in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh.

It is located adjacent to, and named after, the historic Allegheny Arsenal.

It was cited by a Canadian newspaper as an example of something that makes Pittsburgh "chic".

Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
Lawrenceville is one of the largest neighborhood areas in Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located northeast of downtown, and like many of the city's riverfront neighborhoods, it has an industrial past.  The city officially divides Lawrenceville into three neighborhoods, Upper Lawrenceville, Central Lawrenceville, and Lower Lawrenceville, but these distinctions have little practical effect. Accordingly, Lawrenceville is almost universally treated as a single large neighborhood.

In 2019, the Lawrenceville Historic District, which encompasses the majority of the neighborhood, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
2004 New Zealand Warriors season
The 2004 New Zealand Warriors season was the 10th in the club's history. The club competed in Australasia's National Rugby League. The coach of the team was Daniel Anderson while Monty Betham was the club captain. Daniel Anderson resigned in June and was replaced by assistant coach Tony Kemp.

Daniel Anderson (rugby league)
Daniel Stewart Anderson (born 3 May 1967) is an Australian professional rugby league coach. Anderson previously coached the New Zealand Warriors and the Parramatta Eels in the NRL and St. Helens in the Super League. He has also coached New Zealand and the Exiles at representative level.
Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant
Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant was a planned nuclear power plant project in Lithuania. It was proposed to be built at the site of the closed Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, which was shut down on 31 December 2009 in accordance with Lithuania's accession agreement to the European Union. The two reactors of the Ignalina plant are currently undergoing a decommissioning process.

After a 2012 referendum found that 62.7% of the electorate was against the project, Belarus started construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant, which will lie geographically very close to Visaginas. According to the instigator of the Visaginas proposal, former energy minister Arvydas Sekmokas, the Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant proposal is "dead".

Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant
The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Lithuanian: Ignalinos atominė elektrinė, IAE) is a decommissioned two-unit RBMK-1500 nuclear power station in Visaginas Municipality, Lithuania. It was named after the nearby city of Ignalina. Due to the plant's similarities to the infamous Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in both reactor design and lack of a robust containment building, Lithuania agreed to close the plant as part of its agreement of accession to the European Union. Unit 1 was closed in December 2004; Unit 2 in December 2009. The plant accounted for 25% of Lithuania's electricity generating capacity and supplied about 70% of Lithuania's electrical demand. It was closed on 31 December 2009. Proposals have been made to construct a new nuclear power plant at the site, but such plans have yet to come to fruition.
Camp Five Echo
Camp Five Echo is a once secret "disciplinary block" built as part of the Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
The press first reported on the existence of the camp in December 2011 when attorneys for Shaker Aamer, who had been held at the camp for extended periods of time, complained that conditions there were inhumane.

According to Carol Rosenberg, writing in the Miami Herald, the camp is used to punish captives. 
Like Camp Platinum, Camp Strawberry Fields and Camp No, Camp Five Echo had never been mentioned when journalists and other visitors are given tours of the internment facility.

Camp No
Camp No is an alleged secret detention and torture facility (black site) related to the United States detainment camps located in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. On January 18, 2010, Scott Horton asserted in an article in Harper's Magazine, the result of a joint investigation with NBC News, that such a facility was maintained outside the regular boundaries of the Guantanamo Bay detention camps.
Apache Junction, Arizona
Apache Junction (Western Apache: Hagosgeed) is a city in Pinal and Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,499, most of whom lived in Pinal County. It is named for the junction of the Apache Trail and Old West Highway. The area where Apache Junction is located used to be known as Youngberg. Superstition Mountain, the westernmost peak of the Superstition Mountains, is to the east.

Globe, Arizona
Globe (Western Apache: Bésh Baa Gowąh "Place of Metal") is a city in and the county seat of Gila County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 7,249. Globe was founded c. 1875 as a mining camp. Mining, tourism, government and retirees are most important in the present-day Globe economy.

The Globe Downtown Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music
In the years centering on 1600 in Europe, several distinct shifts emerged in ways of thinking about the purposes, writing and performance of music. Partly these changes were revolutionary, deliberately instigated by a group of intellectuals in Florence known as the Florentine Camerata, and partly they were evolutionary, in that precursors of the new Baroque style can be found far back in the Renaissance, and the changes merely built on extant forms and practices. The transitions emanated from the cultural centers of Northern Italy, then spread to Rome, France, Germany, and Spain, and lastly reached England. In terms of instrumental music, shifts in four discrete areas can be observed: idiomatic writing, texture, instrument use, and orchestration.

Rackett
The rackett, raggett, cervelas, or sausage bassoon is a Renaissance-era double reed wind instrument, introduced late in the sixteenth century and already superseded by bassoons at the end of the seventeenth century.
Axalphorn
46°42′37″N 8°03′39″E﻿ / ﻿46.710333°N 8.060817°E﻿ / 46.710333; 8.060817

Axalphorn (locally, Axalphoren) is a peak of the Bernese Oberland, at an altitude of 2321 m.
The summit is on the municipal border between Brienz and Brienzwiler.
The Axalp ski resort is on the northern slope of Axalphorn. 
On the Axalphorn ridge, west of the summit, is the Axalp-Ebenfluh installation of the Swiss Air Force. Installed in 1942, it is the site of the yearly live fire demonstration.

Brienzwiler
Brienzwiler is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Brienzwiler, the municipality also includes the settlement of Balmhof.
Carla Voltolina
Carla Voltolina (14 June 1921 – 6 December 2005), also known as Carla Pertini since marriage, was an Italian journalist, partisan and psychotherapist. She undertook investigations into prostitution in Italy and provided therapy at hospitals and addiction-treatment clinics across Italy.

As the spouse of Sandro Pertini, she was the Companion of the President of the Italian Republic from 1978 to 1985.

Companion of the president of the Italian Republic
The companion of the president of the Italian Republic (Italian: consorte del Presidente della Repubblica Italiana; sometimes simply known as Donna) is the first lady of Italy and often plays a protocol role at the Quirinal Palace and during official visits.

If the President of the Republic is single or widowed, the functions of the companion may be performed by another person as substitute companion, as in the case of incumbent President Sergio Mattarella, who was widowered three years before he assumed office in 2015. As a result, the unofficial position of first lady is currently held by his daughter Laura Mattarella.
Croconate violet
Croconate violet or 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylene)croconate is a divalent anion with chemical formula C11N4O2−3 or ((N≡C−)2C=)2(C5O3)2−. It is one of the pseudo-oxocarbon anions, as it can be described as a derivative of the croconate oxocarbon anion C5O2−5 through the replacement of two oxygen atoms by dicyanomethylene groups =C(−C≡N)2. Its systematic name is 3,5-bis(dicyanomethylene)-1,2,4-trionate. The term croconate violet as a dye name specifically refers to the dipotassium salt K2C11N4O3.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Seumas
Seumas (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈʃeːməs]) is a masculine given name in Scottish Gaelic and Scots, equivalent to the English James. The vocative case of the Scottish Gaelic Seumas is Sheumais, which has given form to the Anglicised form of this name, Hamish. In Irish, Seumas is the older form of the modern Séamas. Another earlier form of Séamas is Séamus, which is partially Anglicised as Seamus.

Hamish
Hamish is a Scottish masculine given name, an Anglicized form of the vocative case of the Gaelic name Sheumais, itself the vocative of Seumas (the Gaelic equivalent of James). The name traces its roots through English James to Middle English Iames, Old French James, Vulgar Latin Iacomus, Latin Iacobus, Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), and ultimately Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ), meaning "supplanter", "to supersede", or "heel-grabber." It is thus a doublet of James.

Outside Scotland, it has gained popularity in Australia and New Zealand, where it ranks among the top 200 and 300 boys' names respectively, reflecting the influence of Scottish immigration. It is also occasionally found in Canada, South Africa, and other Commonwealth countries, though it remains less common in the United States.
Ben Webster Prize
The Ben Webster Prize is an annual jazz award set up by the Ben Webster Foundation to honour Danish and American jazz musicians as well as other professionals active in the promotion of jazz in those countries. The American jazz musician Ben Webster spent his last ten years in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he became an active part of the city's thriving jazz scene. After his death, the Ben Webster Foundation was set up to channel his annual royalties to musicians in Denmark and America. The Ben Webster Prize is part of this effort.

The prize is handed out at an award ceremony in connection with a special concert which has taken place at various jazz venues, including the Jazzhus Montmartre, Huset, the Lake Pavilion, Copenhagen Jazzhouse, the Queen's Hall at the Royal Danish Library, Freetown Christiania's Jazzklub, Sofies Kælderen and Tivoli Gardens. The winner currently receives DKK 25,000.

Jazzhus Montmartre
Jazzhus Montmartre is a jazz club in Copenhagen, Denmark. Many jazz musicians, including Dexter Gordon, Stan Getz, and Chet Baker, have performed there. It is sometimes called Cafe Montmartre. The Montmartre was located first in Dahlerupsgade, then from 1961 on Store Regnegade, and since 1976 at Nørregade 41 before closing down in 1995. In May 2010, it reopened at Store Regnegade 19A by media executive and entrepreneur Rune Bech and jazz pianist Niels Lan Doky, who was later replaced as music director by saxophonist Benjamin Koppel and then jazz publisher Christian Brorsen. In 2016, Swedish jazz pianist Jan Lundgren was appointed artistic director.
Amauropelma monteithi
Amauropelma monteithi is a species of wandering spider first described in 2001 by Robert Raven and Kylie S. Stumkat, and found in Queensland.

The species epithet honours the Australian entomologist Geoff Monteith.

Wandering spider
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.

They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Juhö
Juhö was a German motorcycle company active from 1922 to 1925, named after founder Julius Höflich. It was based in Fürth, Bavaria.

In 1922 only, Juhö also manufactured some automobiles; the cars with a small 400 cc two-stroke engine were economically unsuccessful.

Fürth
Fürth (German: [fʏʁt] ⓘ; East Franconian: Färdd; ) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia.

It is the second-largest city in Franconia and now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only seven km (4.3 mi) apart.

The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Nuremberg, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million.

Fürth celebrated its thousand-year anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007.
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also known as ribosomal natural products, are a diverse class of natural products of ribosomal origin. Consisting of more than 20 sub-classes, RiPPs are produced by a variety of organisms, including prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, and they possess a wide range of biological functions.

As a consequence of the falling cost of genome sequencing and the accompanying rise in available genomic data, scientific interest in RiPPs has increased in the last few decades. Because the chemical structures of RiPPs are more closely predictable from genomic data than are other natural products (e.g. alkaloids, terpenoids), their presence in sequenced organisms can, in theory, be identified rapidly. This makes RiPPs an attractive target of modern natural product discovery efforts.

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.
1987 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 1987 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Turin, Italy, from 28 May to 7 June. The 27th edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 178 fighters from 25 countries participating.

European Amateur Boxing Championships
The European Amateur Boxing Championships is the highest competition for boxing amateurs in Europe, organised by the continent's governing body EUBC, which stands for the European Boxing Confederation. The first edition of the tournament took place in 1924, although the first 'competitive' championships were hosted by the city of Stockholm (Sweden) in 1925.
Junction City, Kentucky
Junction City is a home rule-class city in Boyle County, with a small portion extending into Lincoln County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, Junction City had a population of 2,268. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway
The Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway (abbreviated: CNO&TP; (reporting mark CNTP)) is a railroad that owns the Cincinnati Southern Railway from Cincinnati, Ohio, south to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and leases it to the Norfolk Southern Railway system.

The physical assets of the road were initially financed by the city of Cincinnati in the 1870s, and until March 2024 had been owned by the city.  It had been the only such long-distance railway owned by a municipality in the United States.  The CNO&TP now owns that property and operates one rail line, the Cincinnati Southern Railway, between Cincinnati and Chattanooga.