hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Jabłonowo Pomorskie
Gmina Jabłonowo Pomorskie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Jabłonowo Pomorskie, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Brodnica and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 134.36 square kilometres (51.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,060 (out of which the population of Jabłonowo Pomorskie amounts to 3,658, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,402).

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas of Brodnica Landscape Park and Górzno-Lidzbark Landscape Park.

Brodnica
Brodnica [brɔdˈɲit͡sa] ⓘ (German: Strasburg) is a town in northern Poland with 28,574 inhabitants as of 2014. It is the seat of Brodnica County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The nearby Brodnica Landscape Park, a protected area, gets its name from Brodnica.

Founded in the Middle Ages by the Teutonic Order, Brodnica is a former royal town of Poland. It features heritage sites in a variety of styles, including Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical. Landmarks include medieval towers, gates and churches, preserved market squares, and a regional museum. Brodnica is the home of the oldest continuously operating Polish bank, and was the place of a Polish victory over invadings Russians in 1920.
Fábio Vieira (footballer, born 2000)
Fábio Daniel Ferreira Vieira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfaβiu viˈɐjɾɐ]; born 30 May 2000) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bundesliga club Hamburger SV, on loan from Premier League club Arsenal.

He started his career with Porto, where he made 76 competitive appearances and scored ten goals in his first spell, winning two Primeira Liga and the 2021–22 Taça de Portugal. In July 2022, he signed with Arsenal, returning to Porto on loan two years later.

Vieira represented Portugal at youth level. He finished runner-up at the 2021 European Championship with the under-21 team, being voted the tournament's best player.

2018–19 UEFA Youth League
The 2018–19 UEFA Youth League was the sixth season of the UEFA Youth League, a European youth club football competition organised by UEFA.

The final was played on 29 April 2019 at the Colovray Stadium in Nyon, Switzerland, between English side Chelsea and Portuguese side Porto. In their first appearance in the final, Porto won 3–1 and secured their first title in the competition, the first ever for a Portuguese team. Barcelona were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Chelsea in the semi-finals, in a rematch of the previous season's final.
Power-law index profile
For optical fibers, a power-law index profile is an index of refraction profile characterized by

where

and  is the nominal refractive index as a function of distance from the fiber axis,  is the nominal refractive index on axis,  is the refractive index of the cladding, which is taken to be homogeneous (),  is the core radius, and  is a parameter that defines the shape of the profile.  is often used in place of . Hence, this is sometimes called an alpha profile.

For this class of profiles, multimode distortion is smallest when  takes a particular value depending on the material used. For most materials, this optimum value is approximately 2. In the limit of infinite , the profile becomes a step-index profile.

Cladding (fiber optics)
Cladding in optical fibers is one or more layers of materials of lower refractive index in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index.

The cladding causes light to be confined to the core of the fiber by total internal reflection at the boundary between the core and cladding. Light propagation within the cladding is typically suppressed for most fibers. However, some fibers can support cladding modes in which light propagates through the cladding as well as the core. Depending upon the quantity of modes that are supported, they are referred to as multi-mode fibers and single-mode fibers. Improving transmission through fibers by applying a cladding was discovered in 1953 by Dutch scientist Bram van Heel.
Bibliography of American Civil War military leaders
The American Civil War bibliography comprises books that deal in large part with the American Civil War. There are over 60,000 books on the war, with more appearing each month. 
There is no complete bibliography to the war; the largest guide to books is over 40 years old and lists over 6,000 titles.

Note: This article forms part of Bibliography of the American Civil War

Edwin Vose Sumner
Edwin Vose Sumner (January 30, 1797 – March 21, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. His nicknames "Bull" or "Bull Head" came both from his great booming voice and a legend that a musket ball once bounced off his head.

Sumner fought in the Black Hawk War, with distinction in the Mexican–American War, on the Western frontier, and in the Eastern Theater for the first half of the Civil War. He led the II Corps of the Army of the Potomac through the Peninsula Campaign, the Seven Days Battles, and the Maryland Campaign, and the Right Grand Division of the Army during the Battle of Fredericksburg. He died in March 1863 while awaiting transfer.
Kléber (train)
Kléber was an express train that linked Strasbourg and Paris, France, between 1971 and 1988.  It was a first-class-only Trans Europ Express (TEE) operated by the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer français (SNCF).

The train was named after Jean Baptiste Kléber, a Strasbourg-born French general during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Trans Europ Express
The Trans Europ Express, or Trans-Europe Express (TEE), was an international first-class railway service in western and central Europe that was founded in 1957 and ceased in 1995. At the height of its operations, in 1974, the TEE network comprised 45 trains, connecting 130 different cities, from Spain in the west to Austria in the east, and from Denmark to Southern Italy.
Tujidar
Tujidar (Persian: توجيدر, also Romanized as Tūjīdar) is a village in Surak Rural District, Lirdaf District, Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 11 families.

Surak Rural District
Surak Rural District (Persian: دهستان سورك) is in Lirdaf District of Jask County, Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sedij. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Lirdaf, now a city.
Nia Pearl
Peleka Lwana (born 25 December 1990), known professionally as Nia Pearl, is a South African singer and songwriter. She gained popularity for her collaborations with South African Amapiano producers such as DJ Maphorisa and Kabza De Small.

DJ Maphorisa
Themba Sekowe  (born 15 November 1987), known professionally as DJ Maphorisa, is a South African DJ, record producer, singer, and songwriter. As a record producer with a blend of house music, gqom, amapiano and afropop, he has worked with and has received production credits from several notable artists, including Wizkid, Sizwe Alakine, Kwesta, Uhuru, Drake, Black Coffee, Major Lazer, Runtown, C4 Pedro, TRESOR, Kabza De Small,Focalistic, Era Istrefi, Mpura, Young Stunna and Killer Kau. He was signed to Kalawa Jazmee Records prior to establishing his own record label, BlaqBoy Music.

He rose to stardom after producing several hit singles for artists of multiple music genres, such as  Uhuru ("Y-Tjukuta"), Kwesta ("Ngud'"), Busiswa ("Lahla"), DJ Zinhle ("My name Is"), Professor ("Jezebel") and Shekinah ("Suited").
Menaka de Silva
Menaka Srimani de Silva (born January 26, 1985) is a Sri Lankan swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She held a Sri Lankan record from the national championships in 2003 (28.28), until it was eventually broken by 13-year-old Kimiko Raheen nine years later (2012).

De Silva qualified for the women's 50 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by receiving a Universality place from FINA, in an entry time of 28.48. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat four, including 31-year-old Melanie Slowing of Guatemala. She raced to seventh place by two tenths of a second behind Nicaragua's Geraldine Arce in 28.93. De Silva failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed fifty-second overall out of 75 swimmers on the last day of preliminaries.

Melanie Slowing
Melanie Slowing de Montenegro (born January 10, 1973) is a Guatemalan former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. Slowing qualified for the women's 50 m freestyle, as a 31-year-old, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by breaking a Guatemalan record and posting a FINA B-cut of 26.89 from the Central American and Caribbean Championships in Mexico City. She topped the fourth heat by less than 0.04 of a second ahead of Moldova's Maria Tregubova in 27.44. Slowing failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed forty-sixth overall out of 75 swimmers on the last day of preliminaries.

She is the sister of Karen Slowing who competed in the Olympics in 1984.
1958–59 Northern Rugby Football League season
The 1958–59 Northern Rugby Football League season was the 64th season of rugby league football. Thirty clubs from across Northern England competed for the Championship, culminating in a final between St. Helens and Hunslet.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Thulaim Palace
Thulaim Palace (Arabic: قصر ثليم) or Thulaim Guesthouse (Arabic: مضيف ثليم), is a double-storey multipurpose historic building in the easternmost extreme of al-Futah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located next to the Batʼha Commercial Center. It once served as one of the quarantine facilities for treating patients during the smallpox epidemic of the 1940s. Built between 1936 and 1939 by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud on a farm with the same name situated on the edge of Wadi al-Batha in the northeastern fringes of the old city walls, it overlooks the eponymous neighborhood of Thulaim which itself got named after the compound.

Riyadh city fortifications
The Riyadh city fortifications (Arabic: سور مدينة الرياض, romanized: Sūr madīnat ar-Riyāḍ) were series of earth-structured defensive walls with watchtowers and gates that encircled the walled town of Riyadh, in modern-day Riyadh, Saudi Arabia intermittently from 1740s until they were finally demolished in the 1950s. Subsequently, Riyadh outgrew as a metropolis and the area covering the perimeters of the walled town was renamed as the Qasr al-Hukm District in 1973.  The town within the walls served as the administrative center of the Saudi government until 1944, when King Abdulaziz ibn Saud shifted his workplace and residence to the Murabba Palace.
Rugby Club Savoie Rumilly
The Rugby Club Savoie Rumilly (formally known as Football Club Sportif Rumilly) is a French rugby union club based in Rumilly in Haute-Savoie department. They compete in the Nationale 2, the fourth division of French Rugby.

The club played in the first division of French Rugby (Première division), between 1986 and 1997. In 1995, the FCSR was the 11th best club of France.

1994–95 French Rugby Union Championship
The 1994–95 French Rugby Union Championship was played by 32 clubs, divided into 4 pools. After the preliminary round, the top four of each pool, were admitted to the "top 16", also divided into 4 pools. The top two of each pool were admitted to the quarter-finals.

Châteaurenard, Saint-Paul lès Dax, Cannes and Tyrosse were the newcomers.

Le Toulouse won the title beating Castres in the final. It was their 12th French Championship. In this year Toulouse did the double winning the Challenge Yves du Manoir.

At the end of the season the first division of the French Championship reduced to 20 clubs, relegating Auch, Châteaurenard, Graulhet, Périgueux, Tarbes, Saint-Paul les Dax, Biarritz, Avenir Valencien, Cannes, Stade bordelais, Dijon and Tyrosse, to second division.
2009 European Diving Championships
The 2009 European Diving Championships was the first edition of the European Diving Championships and took part from 1–5 April 2009 in Turin, Italy. For the first time, the event was held separately from the European Swimming Championships. The event was held on Monumentale Diving Stadium. The former capital of Italy was hosting European Diving Championships for the third time after 1954 and 2009. A total of ten disciplines was on the schedule. Additionally, there was a team event on the first day of competition.

European Diving Championships
The European Diving Championships are biennial diving competitions, organized by LEN. The meet features divers from Europe, competing in events on 1-meter and 3-meter springboards and on 10-meter platform. The meet has traditionally been held in June.
Livinallongo del Col di Lana
Livinallongo del Col di Lana (pronounced [livinalˈloŋɡo del ˌkɔl di ˈlaːna]; Ladin: Fodóm; German: Buchenstein) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Venice and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Belluno.

Ninety percent of the population speak Ladin as their native language.

Belluno
Belluno (Italian pronunciation: [belˈluːno] ⓘ; Ladin: Belum; Venetian: Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomites region. With a population of 35,543, it is the largest populated area of Valbelluna, and the 12th-largest municipality of Veneto.

It is one of the 15 municipalities of the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park.
Monte San Giusto
Monte San Giusto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Ancona and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Macerata.

Monte San Giusto borders the following municipalities: Corridonia, Monte San Pietrangeli, Montegranaro, Morrovalle.

Among the churches in Monte San Giusto are:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Telusiano

Chiesa Collegiata di Santo Stefano

Santa Maria delle Panette

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Voice of America Jazz Hour
The Voice of America Jazz Hour was broadcast on Voice of America beginning on January 6, 1955, and through 2003; the program was then folded into Voice of America Music Mix's (now VOA1) program Jazz America. It began broadcasting in 1955, hosted by Willis Conover; in its current form, it is hosted by Russ Davis. It began broadcasting in 1955 over the initial objections of Congress. The theme song of the program was "Take the A Train". At its height, the Voice of America Jazz Hour was listened to by up to 30 million people. Although the Voice of America was prohibited from broadcasting in the United States by the Smith-Mundt Act, the shortwave signal was receivable in the United States and had a sizable US audience.

VOA1
VOA1 is a music radio service that is operated by Voice of America, an American international broadcasting company. Voice of America is headquartered in Washington, D.C. VOA's service primarily include continuous 24-hour online webcasts on stations internationally. Additionally, VOA1 is prominently featured on the primary feed of VOA radio.

The programming on VOA1 primarily follows a Top 40 music format, with 5-minute newscasts presented at the start of each hour.
K-hole
A K-hole is a transient dissociative state experienced during ketamine intoxication. Often referred to as "K-holing," this state is characterized by total detachment from one's body and environment, rendering users completely immobilized. Although occasionally sought intentionally by users who consider the experience of K-holing spiritually or recreationally valuable, it is typically considered undesirable and frequently occurs due to accidental overdose. The high dosages of ketamine necessary to induce a K-hole are unsafe and carry significant physical and psychological risks associated with both acute toxicity and chronic exposure.

Dissociation (psychology)
Dissociation is a concept which concerns a wide array of experiences, ranging from a mild emotional detachment from the immediate surroundings, to a more severe disconnection from physical and emotional experiences. The major characteristic of all dissociative phenomena involves a detachment from reality, rather than a false perception of reality as in psychosis.

The phenomena are diagnosable under the DSM-5 as a group of disorders as well as a symptom of other disorders through various diagnostic tools. Its cause is believed to be related to neurobiological mechanisms, trauma, anxiety, and psychoactive drugs.
HMS Britannia (1762)
HMS Britannia was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. The vessel was laid down in 1751 and launched in 1762. Nicknamed Old Ironsides, she served in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, including at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. One of the largest Royal Navy warships of her era, Britannia was one of only three British first-rates present at the battle, alongside HMS Victory and HMS Royal Sovereign. In 1806, the vessel was laid up and eventually converted into a hulk, before being broken up in 1825.

HMS Royal Sovereign (1786)
HMS Royal Sovereign was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, which served as the flagship of Admiral Collingwood at the Battle of Trafalgar. She was the third of seven Royal Navy ships to bear the name. She was launched at Plymouth Dockyard on 11 September 1786, at a cost of £67,458, and was the only ship built to her design. Because of the high number of Northumbrians on board the crew were known as the Tars of the Tyne.
Todd J. Leach
Todd J. Leach is an American administrator who is the Chancellor of the University System of New Hampshire, which consists of University of New Hampshire, Plymouth State University, Keene State College, and Granite State College. Leach was formerly president of Granite State College. He is a member of the USNH Board of Trustees and a commissioner for the State of New Hampshire Post-Secondary Education Commission. He previously was chair of the New England Board of Higher Education, the NH College and University Council, Campus Compact NH, and the NH Higher Education Commission.

University of New Hampshire
The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.

The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

As of 2018, its combined campuses made UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It was also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students.
Mary Harris Thompson
Mary Harris Thompson, MD (April 15, 1829 – May 21, 1895), was the founder, head physician and surgeon of the Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, renamed Mary Harris Thompson Hospital after her death in 1895.  She was one of the first women to practice medicine in Chicago where she contributed to the health of civil war veterans families.: pp.7  Over the course of her life she made numerous contributions to science and education that have made a lasting impact.

Fort Ann, New York
Fort Ann is a town in Washington County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town population was 5,812 at the 2020 census.
The town contains a village, also called Fort Ann, located in its southeastern corner.
John Wynne Jones
John Wynne Jones (1803–1888) was a Welsh Anglican priest.

Jones was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1823, graduating B.A. in 1827, M.A. in 1829. He was made deacon in 1827 and ordained priest in 1828. After curacies at Llechylched, then Holyhead, he was Rector of Heneglwys from 1844 to 1868. He was then the Incumbent at Bodedern until his death on 8 February 1888; and Archdeacon of Bangor from 1863 to 1887; and Canon residentiary of Bangor from 1863.

Archdeacon of Bangor
The Archdeacon of Bangor is the priest in charge of the archdeaconry of Bangor, an administrative division of the Church in Wales Diocese of Bangor. In 1844, the Archdeaconry of Bangor was combined with the Archdeaconry of Anglesey to form the Archdeaconry of Bangor and Anglesey. The archdeaconry comprises the seven deaneries of Archlechwedd, Arfon, Llifon/Talybolion, Malltraeth, Ogwen, Tyndaethwy and Twrcelyn.

In 2018, the Archdeaconry was separated in diocesan boundary changes, with half becoming the new Archdeaconry of Anglesey, thus recreating the pre-1844 structure.

On 4 June 2023, it was announced that David Parry was to become the next Archdeacon; he was duly collated on 1 October 2023.