hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rohrbach, Birkenfeld
Rohrbach (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːɐ̯bax] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Baumholder, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Omnidirectional camera
In photography, an omnidirectional camera (from "omni", meaning all), also known as 360-degree camera, is a camera having a field of view that covers at least a full circle (360°) in the horizontal plane, up to a full sphere (1 spat).
Omnidirectional cameras are important in areas where large visual field coverage is needed, such as in panoramic photography and robotics.

Panono
Panono is a 360° X 360° full-spherical, 108 megapixel Panoramic ball camera created by Berlin-based company Professional360 GmbH, previously knowns as Panono GmbH.

The Panono ball camera can be thrown into the air, and at its highest point the 36 cameras in the ball will shoot their respective portions of an airborne panoramic photo stitched together during later processing. Panono was able to collect 1,25 Million US$ through crowdfunding at indiegogo and over 1,6 Million € through crowdinvesting at companisto.

Panono raised approximately 1.25 million USD on Indiegogo and over 1.6 million EUR through crowd-investing on Companisto.
2023 Guangzhou International Challenger
The 2023 Guangzhou International Challenger, known as the Guangzhou Nansha Challenger, was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guangzhou, China between 11 and 16 September 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Hershey's Kissables
Hershey's Kissables were a chocolate candy sold by The Hershey Company from November 11, 2005 to July 19, 2009. Comparable to M&M's, Hershey's Kissables were shaped like miniature Hershey's Kisses and were coated in a thick sugar shell.

The basic colors were red, orange, yellow, green and blue. Holiday versions were also made in pastels for Easter, pink and white for Valentines, and red and green for Christmas. In mid-2007, Hershey's introduced a dark chocolate version called Kissables Dark, which featured more subdued colors and a semi-sweet interior.

Kissables were discontinued in July 2009.

Hershey's Kisses
Hershey's Kisses are  chocolates first produced by the Hershey Company in 1907. The bite-sized pieces of chocolate have a distinctive conical shape, sometimes described as flat-bottomed teardrops. Hershey's Kisses chocolates are wrapped in squares of lightweight aluminum foil. A narrow strip of paper, called a plume, protrudes from the top of each Hershey's Kiss wrapper. Originally designed as a flag for the "Hershey's" brand, the printed paper plumes were added to the Kisses product wrapper in 1921 to distinguish the Hershey's Kiss from its competitors who were offering similar products.
LMS Royal Scot Class
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Royal Scot Class is a class of 4-6-0 express passenger locomotive introduced in 1927.  Originally having parallel boilers, all members were later rebuilt with tapered type 2A boilers, and were in effect two classes.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
2025 Eastbourne Open – Men's doubles
Julian Cash and Lloyd Glasspool defeated Ariel Behar and Joran Vliegen in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–5) to win the doubles tennis title at the 2025 Eastbourne Open. They became just the third all-British pairing to win the title and the first since 2018.

Neal Skupski and Michael Venus were the defending champions, but Venus did not participate this year. Skupski partnered Joe Salisbury, but lost in the semifinals to Cash and Glasspool.

2018 Eastbourne International – Men's doubles
Luke Bambridge and Jonny O'Mara defeated Ken and Neal Skupski in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2018 Eastbourne International.

Bob and Mike Bryan were the reigning champions, but Bob was unable to compete due to injury. Mike played alongside James Cerretani, but lost in the first round to Scott Clayton and Joe Salisbury.
Luso-Leonese War (1130–1137)
The Luso–Leonese War of 1130–1137 was an armed conflict between the Kingdom of León and the County of Portugal which took place primarily in the Kingdom of Galicia (part of the Kingdom of León). This war took place during the reigns of Alfonso VII and Afonso Henriques, and was caused by the territorial claims of Afonso over Galicia and the idea of forming an independent Portuguese kingdom, an objective that would later be achieved after the Treaty of Zamora in 1143. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Tuy in 1137.

Lima River
The Lima River (Portuguese name; known as Limia in Spanish and Galician) runs west from the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain to Portugal, where it enters the Atlantic Ocean at Viana do Castelo, covering 108 kilometres (67 mi).
Concordia Knurów
Concordia Knurów is a Polish football club from Knurów, Upper Silesia. They have spent a significant part of their history under the name Górnik Knurów. Their primary colours are green and white and away colours are black.

IV liga
IV liga (Czwarta liga) is the fifth level of the Polish football league system. The current structure of IV liga was created in the 2000–01 season after introducing the new administrative division of Poland. Groups consists most often of 18 clubs, which each group winner earning promotion to III liga. The bottom clubs are relegated to Liga okręgowa or V liga (depending on the voivodeship).

Until the end of the 2007–08 season, IV liga was the fourth tier of league system, but this was changed with the formation of the Ekstraklasa as the highest level of football league in Poland.
Beethoven Symphonies (Liszt)
Beethoven Symphonies (French: Symphonies de Beethoven), S.464, are a set of nine transcriptions for solo piano by Franz Liszt of Ludwig van Beethoven's symphonies 1–9. They are among the most technically demanding piano music ever written.

Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No. 3 in E♭ major, Op. 55, titled as the Eroica Symphony, is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven.

One of Beethoven's most celebrated works, the Eroica symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of the composer's innovative "middle period".

Composed mainly in 1803–1804, the work broke boundaries in symphonic form, length, harmony, emotional and cultural content. It is widely considered a landmark in the transition between the Classical and the Romantic era. It is also often considered to be the first Romantic symphony. Beethoven first conducted a private performance on 9 June 1804, and later the first public performance on 7 April 1805.
Münchwilen railway station
Münchwilen railway station (German: Bahnhof Münchwilen), also known as Münchwilen TG, is a railway station in the municipality of Münchwilen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Frauenfeld–Wil line of Appenzell Railways.

Wil railway station
Wil railway station (German: Bahnhof Wil), or Wil SG railway station, is a railway station in Wil, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It sits at the junction of three standard-gauge railway lines: Wil–Kreuzlingen, St. Gallen–Winterthur, and Wil–Ebnat-Kappel. In addition, the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Frauenfeld–Wil line (operated by Appenzell Railways since 2021) terminates in the station's forecourt.
British Society for Plant Pathology
The British Society for Plant Pathology, or BSPP, is a UK-based organisation of British plant pathologists but accepts members from all countries. It was founded in 1981 and publishes three scientific journals: Plant Pathology, Molecular Plant Pathology and New Disease Reports. The BSPP has links to the International Society for Plant Pathology.

The organisation gives an annual award for the best student paper published in one of society's journals. The P. H. Gregory prize is awarded to the best presenter of an oral paper at the annual presidential meeting.

Like other organisations of its type it arranges conferences and also awards various scholarships and fellowships.

International Society for Plant Pathology
The International Society for Plant Pathology is a global nonprofit institution dedicated to “promoting world-wide plant health and food security.”  It was founded in 1968 and the first President of the society was the pioneer British plant pathologist, Ronald Karslake Starr Wood. The International Society for Plant Pathology is a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS), in liaison with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Monkey brains
Monkey brains is a supposed dish consisting of, at least, partially, the brain of some species of monkey or ape.

While animal brains have been consumed in various cuisines (e.g. eggs and brains or fried brain sandwiches), there is debate about whether monkey brains have actually been consumed. In Western popular culture its consumption is repeatedly portrayed and debated, often in the context of portraying exotic cultures as exceptionally cruel, callous, or strange.

Eggs and brains
Eggs 'n' brains is a breakfast meal consisting of pork brains (or those of another mammal) and scrambled eggs. It is a dish of Portuguese cuisine known as omolete de mioleira (English: brain omelette). In Austria, the dish is known as Hirn mit Ei ("calf's brain with eggs") and used to be very common, but has seen a sharp drop in popularity.
Christian Dons
Christian Fredrik Dons (25 March 1886 – 23 March 1953) was a Norwegian businessman from Oslo and Norway's first Scout, who founded the First Christiania Scout Troop in 1910. In spring 1911, he met with Hans Møller Gasmann, who had started the Second Christiania Scout Troop at Frogner in Oslo. They founded the Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (Norwegian: Norsk Speidergutt-Forbund). Dons was the Norwegian Scout Association's first Chief Scout from 1911 to 1920.

Dons was secretary and treasurer of the Norwegian Missionary Society, member of the Norwegian Missionary Council and active in the YMCA movement. Dons was buried at Ullern Church 27 March 1953.

Norwegian Guide and Scout Association
The Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (Norwegian: Norges Speiderforbund, NSF) is a Norwegian Scouting and Guiding association founded in its present form in 1978, when the Norwegian Boy Scout Organization (founded in 1911 and among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922) and the Norwegian Girl Guide Organization (founded in 1921 and an early member of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts) merged.

NSF is a member of Speiderne i Norge, the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Norway. NSF is also a member of WOSM and WAGGGS.
Hoekaspis
Hoekaspis is an extinct genus of trilobites from the family Asaphidae.  It lived during the early part of the Arenig stage of the Ordovician, a faunal stage which lasted from approximately 466 to 461 million years ago.

Asaphidae
Asaphidae is a  family of asaphid trilobites.  Although the first genera originate in Upper Cambrian marine strata, the family becomes the most widely distributed and most species-rich trilobite family during the Ordovician.
Antoine de Seguiran
Antoine de Seguiran, called chevalier de Seguiran, was an 18th-century French soldier and encyclopédiste. De Seguiran was from a military family from Arles. In October 1766, he married Pauline Le Breton, a former fiancée to Beaumarchais.

Chevalier de Seguiran wrote two articles for the Encyclopédie by Diderot and D'Alembert: Vérité (truth) and Vertu. Diderot added the sensualist point of view on the latter.

Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (/ˌdæləmˈbɛər/ DAL-əm-BAIR; French: [ʒɑ̃ lə ʁɔ̃ dalɑ̃bɛʁ]; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the Encyclopédie. D'Alembert's formula for obtaining solutions to the wave equation is named after him. The wave equation is sometimes referred to as d'Alembert's equation, and the fundamental theorem of algebra is named after d'Alembert in French.
WLII-DT
WLII-DT (channel 11), branded TeleOnce, is a Spanish-language independent television station licensed to Caguas, Puerto Rico, serving the U.S. territory. Owned by Liberman Media Group, the station maintains studio facilities on Calle Carazo in Guaynabo. Its transmitter is located near the Bosque Estatal de Carite mountain reserve.

TeleOnce operates two satellite stations: WSUR-DT (channel 9) in Ponce and WOLE-DT (channel 12) in Aguadilla.

Caguas, Puerto Rico
Caguas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɣwas], locally [ˈkawaʔ]) is a city and municipality in central eastern Puerto Rico. Located in the eponymous Caguas Valley between the Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo of the Central Mountain Range, it is bordered by San Juan and Trujillo Alto to the north, Gurabo and San Lorenzo to the west, Aguas Buenas, Cidra and Cayey to the east, and Patillas to the south. With a population of 127,244 as of the 2020 census, Caguas is the fifth most populated municipality in the archipelago and island and a principal city of the San Juan metropolitan area.

Since 2009, Caguas is the only municipality in Puerto Rico recognized as a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation.
Air India Express Flight 812
Air India Express Flight 812 was a scheduled international flight from Dubai International Airport, Dubai, to Mangalore International Airport, Mangalore. On 22 May 2010, the Boeing 737-800 passenger jet operating the flight crashed on landing at Mangalore. The captain had continued an unstabilised approach, despite three calls from the first officer to initiate a "go-around", resulting in the aircraft overshooting the runway, falling down a hillside, and bursting into flames. Of the 166 passengers and crew on board, 158 were killed (all 6 crew members and 152 passengers); only eight survived. This was the first fatal accident involving Air India Express.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation (Naagar Vimaan Mantraalay) in India is the nodal ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It devises and implements schemes for the orderly growth and expansion of civil air transport in the country. The mandate of this ministry also extend to overseeing airport facilities, air traffic services and carriage of passengers and goods by air. The ministry also administers the implementation of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, Aircraft Rules, 1937 and is administratively responsible for the Commission of Railway Safety.
Ta' Ħaġrat Temples
The Ta' Ħaġrat ([taˈħad͡ʒrat]) temples in Mġarr, Malta are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with several other Megalithic temples. They are amongst the world's oldest religious sites. The larger Ta' Ħaġrat temple dates from the Ġgantija phase (3600–3200 BC); the smaller temple is dated to the Saflieni phase (3300–3000 BC).

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Spice (bomb)
The "SPICE" ("Smart, Precise Impact, Cost-Effective") is an Israeli-developed, EO/GPS- guidance kit used for converting air-droppable unguided bombs into precision-guided bombs.

The featured guidance system is a derivative of the respective system used in the "Popeye" (AGM-142 Have Nap) air-to-surface missile. The "Spice" family of guided bombs are a product of an Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It achieved initial operational capability in 2003, in Israeli Air Force F-16 squadrons.

Guided bomb
A guided bomb (also known as a smart bomb, guided bomb unit, or GBU) is a precision-guided munition designed to achieve a smaller circular error probable (CEP).

The creation of precision-guided munitions resulted in the retroactive renaming of older bombs as unguided bombs or "dumb bombs".
Huperzia
Huperzia is a genus of lycophyte plants, sometimes known as the firmosses or fir clubmosses; the Flora of North America calls them gemma fir-mosses. This genus was originally included in the related genus Lycopodium, from which it differs in having undifferentiated sporangial leaves, and the sporangia not formed into apical cones.  The common name firmoss, used for some of the north temperate species, refers to their superficial resemblance to branches of fir (Abies), a conifer. As of 2020, two very different circumscriptions of the genus were in use. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Huperzia is one of three genera in the subfamily Huperzioideae of the family Lycopodiaceae. Most species in the subfamily are placed in the genus Phlegmariurus. Huperzia is left with about 25 species, although not all have been formally transferred to other genera. Other sources recognize only Huperzia, which then has about 340 species.

Lycopodium
Lycopodium (from Ancient Greek lykos, wolf and podion, diminutive of pous, foot) is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedars, in the family Lycopodiaceae. Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are in use. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Lycopodium is one of nine genera in the subfamily Lycopodioideae, and has from nine to 15 species. In other classifications, the genus is equivalent to the whole of the subfamily, since it includes all of the other genera. More than 40 species are accepted.
Bibio xanthopus
Bibio xanthopus, or yellow-footed March fly, is a species of March fly (Bibionidae) first identified by Wiedemann in 1828. It is one of the most common species of Bibio in North America. The body is black with pale colored pile and legs that are predominantly rufous. Females have black wings. The size of the species varies considerably, with wingspans ranging from 5.5 to 9.5 mm and body lengths ranging from 8 to 11 mm. The maggots, which feed on roots, are 10 mm in length with warty skin and a pair of posterior spiracles.

Bibionidae
Bibionidae (March flies) is a family of flies (Diptera) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are nectar feeders and emerge in numbers in spring. Because of the likelihood of adult flies being found in copula, they have earned colloquial names such as "love bugs" or "honeymoon flies".
White Tower (Tower of London)
The White Tower is a former royal residence, the old keep, at the Tower of London in England. It was built by William the Conqueror during the early 1080s, and subsequently extended. The White Tower was the castle's strongest point militarily, provided accommodation for the king and his representatives, and housed a chapel. Henry III ordered the tower whitewashed in 1240. Today the Tower of London is a museum and visitor attraction. The White Tower now houses the Royal Armouries collections.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Flag of Haiti
The flag of Haiti (French: drapeau d'Haïti; Haitian Creole: drapo Ayiti) is a bicolour featuring two horizontal bands coloured blue and red, emblazoned by a white rectangular panel bearing the coat of arms of Haiti. The coat of arms depicts a trophy of weapons atop a green hill and a royal palm symbolizing independence. The palm is topped by the Cap of Liberty. The motto L'Union fait la Force ('Unity makes strength') appears on a white ribbon below the arrangement.

Roystonea
Roystonea is a genus of eleven species of monoecious palms, native to the Neotropics, in the Caribbean, the adjacent coasts of Florida in the United States, Mexico, Central America and northern South America. Commonly known as the royal palms, the genus was named after Roy Stone, a U.S. Army engineer. It contains some of the most recognizable and commonly cultivated palms of tropical and subtropical regions.
Danny Barnes (musician)
Danny Barnes (born December 21, 1961) is an American banjo player, singer, and composer whose music is influenced by country, jazz, blues, punk, metal, and more. He has been described as a "banjo virtuoso" and is "widely acknowledged as one of the best banjo players in America." He was a founding member of the Austin trio the Bad Livers, with whom he toured and recorded extensively from 1990 to 2000. Since then, he has performed and recorded as a solo artist, as well as collaborating with Bill Frisell, Dave Matthews, Jeff Austin and other musicians. In 2013, Barnes and Max Brody formed the Test Apes. In September 2015, Barnes was awarded the Steve Martin Prize for Excellence in Banjo and Bluegrass, in recognition of his role as "one of bluegrass music’s most distinctive and innovative performers." Martin’s website said of Barnes’ work: "The raw and unpolished musical breadth of his compositions has propelled him across the industry today."

Wayne Horvitz
Wayne Horvitz (born September 1, 1955) is an American composer, keyboardist and record producer. He came to prominence in the Downtown scene of 1980s and '90s New York City, where he met his future wife, the singer, songwriter and pianist Robin Holcomb. He is noted for working with John Zorn's Naked City among others. Horvitz has since relocated to the Seattle, Washington area where he has several ongoing groups and has worked as an adjunct professor of composition at Cornish College of the Arts.