hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Former state routes in Pennsylvania
The following is a list of former state routes in Pennsylvania.  These roads are now either parts of other routes or no longer carry a traffic route number.  This list also includes original routes of numbers that were decommissioned and later reactivated in other locations in which most of these are still active today.

Pennsylvania Route 106
Pennsylvania Route 106 (PA 106) is a 20.69-mile-long (33.30 km) state highway located in both Susquehanna and Lackawanna counties in Pennsylvania. Route 106 begins at a fork from U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in the community of Kingsley. The route heads southeasterly for most of its length, interchanging with Interstate 81 (I-81) in Lenox Township. PA 106 continues into the city of Carbondale, where the designation terminates at US 6 Business (US 6 Bus., North Main Street), the former alignment of US 6 through Carbondale.

PA 106 is one of five portions of the original U.S. Route 106 (US 106), a spur of US 6 through Pennsylvania. US 106 went from US 6 in Wyalusing to the New York state line in Damascus Township along current-day PA 652. The designation was eliminated in 1972 and replaced by PA 106 from Kingsley to Carbondale, PA 652 from Indian Orchard to Darbytown and PA 706 from Wyalusing to New Milford.
Manali Assembly constituency
Manali Assembly constituency is one of the 68 constituencies in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh a northern state of India. Manali is also part of Mandi Lok Sabha constituency.

Manali, Himachal Pradesh
Manali (Hindi: manālī, pronounced [mənaːliː]) is a resort town, near Kullu town in the Kullu district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated at the northern end of the Kullu Valley, formed by the Beas River. The town is located in the Kullu district, approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of the state capital of Shimla and 544 kilometres (338 mi) northeast of the national capital of New Delhi. Manali is a popular tourist destination in India and serves as the gateway to the Lahaul and Spiti district as well as the city of Leh in Ladakh.

Manali is the beginning of an ancient trade route through Lahaul (H.P.) and Ladakh, over the Karakoram Pass and onto Yarkand and Hotan in the Tarim Basin of China. As per the 2011 Census of India, the Manali Municipal Council had a population of 8,096, comprising 4,717 males and 3,379 females. Updated estimates suggest the town’s population is approximately 11,700 as of 2025.
Riverside Walk, Hadleigh
Riverside Walk is a 4.6-hectare Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Hadleigh in Suffolk. It is owned and managed by Babergh District Council.

This linear site on the west bank of the River Brett comprises two footpaths and the alder woodland and fen between them. Great willowherb and meadowsweet grow in marshy silted up ditches, and birds include warblers and finches.

There is access from Corks Lane and Duke Street.

Hadleigh, Suffolk
Hadleigh (/ˈhædli/) is an ancient market town and civil parish in the Babergh district of Suffolk, England. The town is situated next to the River Brett, between the larger towns of Sudbury and Ipswich. It had a population of 8,253 at the 2011 census. The headquarters of Babergh District Council were located in the town until 2017.
Sergius, Patrician of Lazica
Sergius, son of Barnucius, was a ruler (patrician) of Lazica on the eastern Black Sea, in what is now western Georgia, who, c. 696/697, revolted from the Byzantine hegemony and acknowledged the suzerainty of the Arabs. Sergius' defection during the Arab–Byzantine wars is reported by Theophilus of Edessa and Agapius of Hierapolis.

Lazica
The Kingdom of Lazica (Georgian: ეგრისი, romanized: Egrisi; Laz: ლაზიკა, romanized: Laziǩa; Ancient Greek: Λαζική, romanized: Lazikḗ), sometimes called Lazian Empire, was a state in the territory of west Georgia in the Roman period, from about the 1st century BC. Created as a result of the collapse of the kingdom of Colchis and the gaining of independence by the tribal-territorial units included in it in 131 AD.
Birthana aristopa
Birthana aristopa is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1925. It is found on Rossel Island in New Guinea.

The wingspan is 30–32 mm. The forewings are blackish with a broad curved even orange fascia from the middle of the costa to the dorsum before the tornus and a pale leaden-blue terminal line. The hindwings are blackish with a rather broader slightly curved transverse orange band occupying from before the middle to five-sixths.

Immidae
Immoidea is a superfamily of pantropical moths containing only the family Immidae comprising ten genera with around 250 species, over half of them in the genus Imma. Many are brightly coloured and diurnal. The position of this group is currently uncertain within the group Obtectomera . The larvae feed on the leaves of dicotyledons and conifers including Podocarpus (Dugdale et al. 1999).
Crown Pilot Crackers
Crown Pilot was a brand of cracker popular in much of New England in the United States. It was manufactured by Nabisco (a subsidiary of Kraft Foods as of 2000) until it was discontinued in the first quarter of 2008. The cracker was unsalted, and closely related to hardtack. The crackers were an important ingredient in historical recipes of clam chowder and a staple in many New England pantries.

Clam chowder
Clam chowder is any of several chowder soups in American cuisine containing clams. In addition to clams, common ingredients include diced potatoes, salt pork, and onions. It is believed that clams were used in chowder because of the relative ease of harvesting them. Clam chowder is usually served with saltine crackers or small, hexagonal oyster crackers.

Clam chowder originated in the Northeastern United States, but is now commonly served in restaurants throughout the country. Many regional variations exist, but the three most popular are New England or "white" clam chowder, which is made with milk or cream; Manhattan or "red" clam chowder, which includes tomatoes; and Rhode Island or "clear" clam chowder, which omits both.
Nick Buoniconti
Nicholas Anthony Buoniconti (/ˌboʊnəˈkɒnti/, December 15, 1940 – July 30, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a middle linebacker in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Buoniconti played professionally for the Boston Patriots and Miami Dolphins, winning two Super Bowls with the Dolphins. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2001.

American Football League All-Star game
The American Football League All-Star game was the annual game which featured each year's best performers in the American Football League (AFL). The game was first played in 1961 and the final AFL All-Star game occurred in 1969, prior to the league's merger with the National Football League (NFL).
Microtox bioassay
Microtox is an in vitro testing system which uses bioluminescent bacteria (Allivibrio fischeri, formerly known as Vibrio fischeri) to detect toxic substances in different substrates such as water, air, soils and sediments. Allivibrio fischeri are non-pathogenic, marine, bacteria that luminesce as a natural part of their metabolism. When exposed to a toxic substance, the respiratory process of the bacteria is disrupted, reducing light output. Allivibrio fischeri have demonstrated high sensitivity across a wide variety of toxic substances. Response to toxicity is observed as a change in luminescence, which is a by-product of cellular respiration. This change can be used to calculate a percent inhibition of Allivibrio fischeri that directly correlates to toxicity.

Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.

Because of the low temperature used in processing, the rehydrated product retains many of its original qualities. When solid objects like strawberries are freeze dried the original shape of the product is maintained. If the product to be dried is a liquid, as often seen in pharmaceutical applications, the properties of the final product are optimized by the combination of excipients (i.e., inactive ingredients). Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee), and preservation.
Fish with pickled mustard greens
Suan Cai Yu (simplified Chinese: 酸菜鱼; traditional Chinese: 酸菜魚; pinyin: suāncài yú), also known as sauerkraut fish or sichuan fish with pickled mustard greens, is a dish originating from Chongqing in Sichuan Province. Popularized in the 1990s, Suan Cai Yu has become one of Sichuan's most renowned dishes, distinguished by its sour and spicy flavors.

Jiangjin, Chongqing
Jiangjin District (Chinese: 江津区; pinyin: Jiāngjīn Qū), one of the districts in the southwest of Chongqing, China, lies along the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and has a history extending back more than 1500 years.  The district covers 3200 square kilometres and has a population of 1,359,611 in 2020, and borders the provinces of Sichuan to the southwest and Guizhou to the south. The district government seat of Jiangjin District is 50 km (31 mi) away by highway, 65 km (40 mi) away by railway and 72 km (45 mi) away by waterway from Yuzhong District in central Chongqing.
Nicole Paige Brooks
Nicole Paige Brooks (born 1973 or 1974) is the stage name of Brian Christopher Pryor, an American drag performer and entertainer who competed on season 2 of the television series RuPaul's Drag Race and season 10 of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. Based in Georgia, Nicole Paige Brooks continues to host and perform in drag shows, and participate in Drag Race-related events.

Painted with Raven
Painted with Raven is a makeup competition television series hosted by Raven, which premiered on WOW Presents Plus on November 25, 2021. RuPaul serves as co-executive producer alongside Randy Barbato, Fenton Bailey, and Tom Campbell of World of Wonder. After two weeks of the debut competition show, on December 9, 2021, it was announced that it had been picked up for a second season.
Duinbergen railway station
Duinbergen is a railway station in the town of Knokke-Heist, West Flanders, Belgium. The station opened on 29 June 1920 and is located on line 51B. The train services are operated by National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS).

Knokke-Heist
Knokke-Heist (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌknɔkəˈɦɛist]; French: Knocke-Heist) is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Heist-aan-Zee, Knokke, Duinbergen, Ramskapelle and Westkapelle. On January 1, 2006, Knokke-Heist had a total population of 34,063. The total area is 56.44 km2 which gives a population density of 603 inhabitants per km2.  Knokke-Heist is located along the North Sea in a polder area on the Belgian border with the Netherlands.  It is Belgium's best-known and most affluent seaside resort.
Sugar Factory Zeeland
Sugar Factory Zeeland was a beet sugar factory in Bergen op Zoom, a city and municipality in the North Brabant province in the Southwestern Netherlands. It got its peculiar name when it was sold to the Coöperatieve Beetwortelsuikerfabriek Zeeland, a cooperative of sugar beet farmers from neighboring Zeeland province. The factory was in operation from 1863 to 1929. Some of the imposing factory buildings remain and are protected as industrial heritage. In 2012 a reconstruction started to change the old buildings to a large shopping mall called De Zeeland.

Wester Suikerraffinaderij
The Wester Suikerraffinaderij or Wester Sugar Refinery, was a major sugar refinery in Amsterdam founded by the company Wester Suiker-Raffinaderij N.V. The sugar refinery became part of the Centrale Suiker Maatschappij (CSM) in 1919 and was closed down in 1965. The public company Wester Suikerraffinaderij N.V., which held shares in CSM, survived into the 1990s.
GLOP
GLOP (the Google Linear Optimization Package) is Google's open-source linear programming solver, created by Google's Operations Research Team. It is written in C++ and was released to the public as part of Google's OR-Tools software suite in 2014.

GLOP uses a revised primal-dual simplex algorithm optimized for sparse matrices. It uses Markowitz pivoting to reduce matrix fill-in, steepest-edge pricing to avoid degenerate pivots, and an LU decomposition tailored for sparse matrices.

Inside Google, GLOP is used to stabilize YouTube videos and outside Google, it has been used to perform fast linear relaxations for reinforcement learning.

Simplex algorithm
In mathematical optimization, Dantzig's simplex algorithm (or simplex method) is an algorithm for linear programming.

The name of the algorithm is derived from the concept of a simplex and was suggested by T. S. Motzkin. Simplices are not actually used in the method, but one interpretation of it is that it operates on simplicial cones, and these become proper simplices with an additional constraint. The simplicial cones in question are the corners (i.e., the neighborhoods of the vertices) of a geometric object called a polytope. The shape of this polytope is defined by the constraints applied to the objective function.
Barbara Manfredi
Barbara Manfredi (1444–1466) was the wife of Pino III Ordelaffi, lord of Forlì (Italy).

She was born in Faenza, current Emilia-Romagna, to Astorre II Manfredi, seignior of that city. At the age seven she was bethrothed to the powerful Pino III Ordelaffi, who married her in 1462.

The following year Pino became ill. His brother Francesco (Cecco) was suspected of poisoning him, but the Forlivese lord survived. Cecco was in the end assassinated, and Pino could be the sole lord of the city, maintaining that position thanks the support of Venice.

However, when Barbara suddenly died, Pino was accused by Astorre of poisoning her. The magnificent sepulchre that her husband commissioned her (now in the Abbey of San Mercuriale in Forlì) was seen as a proof of his guilty conscience. It was the first tomb in Romagna designed on Renaissance principles.

Pino would also be accused of later poisoning his second wife Zaffira Manfredi.

Francesco IV Ordelaffi
Francesco IV Ordelaffi (1435–1466), also known as Cecco IV, was lord of Forlì from 1448 until his death. He was a member of the Ordelaffi family.

The son of Antonio I Ordelaffi, he succeeded him at Forlì in 1448, under the regency of his mother Caterina Rangoni and, after her death the following year, of her brother Ugo Rangoni. The latter was expelled in 1454 and thenceforth Francesco reigned jointly with his brother Pino III Ordelaffi until his death.
Hoyos Mission
The Hoyos Mission describes Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold's dispatch of his promising 38-year-old private secretary, Alexander Hoyos, to meet with his German counterparts. This secret mission was intended to provide Austro-Hungarian policy-makers with information on the Reich's intentions shortly after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the Imperial and Royal Kronprinz, in Sarajevo. On 5 July 1914, a week after the assassination attempt that claimed the lives of the heir to the throne and his wife, the Austro-Hungarian government sought to officially secure the Reich's support for the actions it wished to take against Serbia in response to the attack. Indeed, the initiatives of the Kingdom of Serbia, victorious in the two Balkan wars, prompted Austro-Hungarian officials to adopt a firm stance in the international crisis opened by the assassination of the Austro-Hungarian heir.

László Szőgyény-Marich Jr.
Count László Szőgyény-Marich de Magyar-Szőgyén et Szolgaegyháza (German: Ladislaus Freiherr (from 1910, Graf) von Szögyény-Marich von Magyar-Szögyén und Szolgaegyháza) (12 November 1841 – 11 June 1916) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin who was a long serving Ambassador at Berlin.
Damen Group
The Damen Group is a Dutch defence, shipbuilding, and engineering conglomerate company based in Gorinchem, Netherlands.
Though it is a major international group doing business in 120 countries, it remains a private family-owned company.

Damen Shipyards Group is a globally operating company with more than 50 shipyards, repair yards, and related companies − as well as numerous partner yards that can build Damen vessels locally.  Since 1969 it has designed and built more than 5,000 vessels and delivers over 150 vessels annually. With over 30 shipyards and related companies worldwide, Damen is involved in ship construction as well as maintenance and repair activities.  It has a wide product range, including warships, patrol craft, tugs, workboats,  cargo vessels, dredgers, superyachts and fast ferries. Product design and engineering are carried out in-house and a broad range of designs are available.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Kilivila language
Kilivila (Kiriwina) is one of the Kilivila–Louisiades languages (of the Austronesian language family), spoken by the Trobriand people of the Trobriand Islands (Papua New Guinea). It is used in local schools.

Trobriand Islands
The Trobriand Islands are a 450-square-kilometre (174-square-mile) archipelago of coral atolls off the east coast of New Guinea. They are part of the nation of Papua New Guinea and are in Milne Bay Province. Most of the population of 60,000 (2016) indigenous inhabitants live on the main island of Kiriwina, which is also the location of the government station, Losuia.

Other major islands in the group are Kaileuna, Vakuta, and Kitava. The group is considered to be an important tropical rainforest ecoregion in need of conservation.
Herring as food
Herring are forage fish in the wild, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae. They are an important food for humans. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast. The most abundant and commercially important species belong to the genus Clupea, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, including the Baltic Sea, as well as off the west coast of South America. Three species of Clupea are recognized; the main taxon, the Atlantic herring, accounts for over half the world's commercial capture of herrings.

Herrings played a pivotal role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe, and early in the twentieth century, their study was fundamental to the evolution of fisheries science. These oily fish also have a long history as an important food fish, and are often salted, smoked, or pickled.

Atlantic herring
Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is a herring in the family Clupeidae. It is one of the most abundant fish species in the world. Atlantic herrings can be found on both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean, congregating in large schools. They can grow up to 45 centimetres (18 in) in length and weigh up to 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb). They feed on copepods, krill and small fish, while their natural predators are seals, whales, cod and other larger fish.

The Atlantic herring fishery has long been an important part of the economy of New England and the Atlantic provinces of Canada. This is because the fish congregate relatively near to the coast in massive schools, notably in the cold waters of the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine and Gulf of St. Lawrence. North Atlantic herring schools have been measured up to 4 cubic kilometres (0.96 cu mi) in size, containing an estimated four billion fish.
Mbula language
Mbula (also known as Mangap-Mbula, Mangaaba, Mangaawa, Mangaava, Kaimanga) is an Austronesian language spoken by around 2,500 people on Umboi Island and Sakar Island in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. Its basic word order is subject–verb–object; it has a nominative–accusative case-marking strategy.

Subject–verb–object word order
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). English is included in this group. An example is "Sam ate apples."

SVO is the second-most common order by number of known languages, after subject–object–verb (SOV). Together, SVO and SOV account for more than 87% of the world's languages. The label SVO often includes ergative languages although they do not have nominative subjects.
Harold Locke
Harold Meadows Locke (20 January 1898 – 23 March 1960) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Birkenhead, Locke was a hard running centre, who picked up rugby during his time at Birkenhead School.

Locke formed a successful three-quarter partnership with Wilfrid Lowry in matches for Birkenhead Park and Cheshire. He was a member of England's 1923 and 1924 grand slam-winning Five Nations campaigns. His Cheshire career included a memorable try against the touring "Invincible" All Blacks in the 1924–25 season. He won the last of his 12 England caps in 1927, after which he relocated to the West Country and played for Bristol.

Birkenhead School
Birkenhead School is an private, academically-selective, co-educational day school located in Oxton, Wirral, in North West England. The school offers educational opportunities for girls and boys from three months to eighteen years of age.

Birkenhead School is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, which is a UK-based association of leading independent schools.
Igor Kopystiansky
Igor Kopystiansky (born (1954-12-16)16 December 1954 in Lviv) is an American artist, active in New York City since 1988. He has a multimedia practice, including painting, photography, film, and video, with an investigation of painting as his primary paradigm. On works in media of film and video, he collaborates with his wife Svetlana Kopystiansky. His  independent works and their joint works are shown internationally and held in American, European and Australian museum collections. Archives of works by Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky are located at the Centre Pompidou, Kandinsky Library.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. By gallery space, it is the second-largest art museum in the Americas. Following an eight-year campus redevelopment project in the 21st century, the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building opened in 2020.  In 2023, the museum received over 900,000 visitors, making it the 20th most-visited museum in the United States.