hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Systems-oriented design
Systems-oriented design (SOD) uses system thinking in order to capture the complexity of systems addressed in design practice. The main mission of SOD is to build the designers' own interpretation and implementation of systems thinking. SOD aims at enabling systems thinking to fully benefit from design thinking and practice and design thinking and practice to fully benefit from systems thinking. SOD addresses design for human activity systems and can be applied to any kind of design problem ranging from product design and interaction design through architecture to decision-making processes and policy design.

SOD is a variation in the pluralistic field of Systemic Design. It is one of the most practice and design-oriented versions of relating and merging systems thinking and design.

Oslo School of Architecture and Design
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design (Norwegian: Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, AHO) is an autonomous institution within the Norwegian university system. The School offers education in the fields of architecture, urbanism, design, and landscape architecture.

AHO offers three full-time master's programmes: Master of Architecture, Master of Design and Master of Landscape Architecture – the last programme is offered in Oslo and at the Arctic University in Tromsø. The school also offers post-professional Master's courses in Urbanism and Architectural Conservation. AHO offers a single type of doctoral degree, the Doctor of Philosophy.
Knockmore railway station
Knockmore railway station was a station on the Belfast–Newry railway line. The station served the suburb of Knockmore in Lisburn, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The Great Northern Railway (GNR) opened Knockmore station as a halt in 1932. Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) closed the station on 25 March 2005.

Knockmore station had two platforms. One platform was served by "Up" trains only on the service from Belfast Lanyon Place (Known as Belfast Central at the time) via Lisburn to Portadown, while the other platform was served by trains in both directions on the Belfast – Lisburn – Antrim – Derry~Londonderry service. "Down" trains travelling from Portadown to Belfast could not serve Knockmore as it was the middle line with no platform.

Antrim railway station
Antrim railway station opened 1848 and serves the town of Antrim in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

The station currently serves trains on the Belfast to Derry line via Bleach Green and York Street station. Until 2003, Belfast-Derry trains reached here by means of the Lisburn-Antrim railway line, however, this line was mothballed after re-opening of the Bleach Green line. There is still the old platform for the Lisburn-Antrim line but has been cut back to allow room, on the other side of a fence, for the bus stands.   The possibility of reopening it as a circular route, with a halt at Aldergrove for Belfast International Airport has been discussed. The station has undergone a major refurbishment to become an integrated bus and rail hub. In total, the station had 4 platforms. One is completely disused, two in use, and one that has been shortened and rarely used.
Robert Cowton
Robert Cowton (fl. 1300) was a Franciscan theologian active at the University of Oxford early in the fourteenth century. He was a follower of Henry of Ghent, and in the Augustinian tradition. He was familiar with the doctrines of Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas, and attempted a synthesis of them.

He entered the Franciscan Order before age 13. He presented a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard around 1310. Later, in an abbreviated form, this became a standard textbook of theology. The work was criticised by Thomas Sutton.

Thomas of Sutton
Thomas of Sutton (died after 1315) was an English Dominican theologian, an early Thomist.

He was ordained as deacon in 1274 by Walter Giffard, and joined the Dominicans in the 1270s; he may have been a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford before that. He became doctor of theology in 1282.
Weak gravitational lensing
In astronomy, weak gravitational lensing is a technique to map the mass distribution of astronomical objects. As predicted by general relativity, the presence of any mass bends the path of light passing near it, producing gravitational lensing. This effect rarely produces the giant arcs and multiple images associated with strong gravitational lensing. Most lines of sight in the universe are thoroughly in the weak lensing regime, in which the deflection is impossible to detect in a single background source. However, even in these cases, the presence of the foreground mass can be detected, by way of a systematic alignment of background sources around the lensing mass. Weak gravitational lensing is thus an intrinsically statistical measurement, but it provides a way to measure the masses of astronomical objects without requiring assumptions about their composition or dynamical state.

The field was pioneered by J. Anthony Tyson in the 1990s.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Special senses
In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them:

vision (the eye)

hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system)

smell (the nose)

taste (the tongue)

The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special visceral afferents. In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs (viscera). Touch includes mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception), and such information is carried in general somatic afferents and general visceral afferents.

Nociception
In physiology, nociception /ˌnəʊsɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, also nocioception (from Latin  nocere 'to harm/hurt'), is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.

In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., capsaicin present in chili pepper or cayenne pepper), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of sensory neurons called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers to the brain. Nociception triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral responses to protect the organism against an aggression, and usually results in a subjective experience, or perception, of pain in sentient beings.
Chillcamayu
Chillcamayu (possibly from Quechua ch'illka baccharis, mayu river, "baccharis river") which upstream is called Jampamayo and  downstream Pitumarca is a river in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, in the districts Checacupe and Pitumarca. Its waters flow to the Vilcanota River.

Chillcamayu originates in the Vilcanota mountain range between the mountains Jatunhuma in the north-west and Huayruro Punco in the south-east. It crosses the Pitumarca District from north-east to south-west along the villages of Jampa, Chillca and Pitumarca. One of its main tributaries from the left is Yanamayo (Quechua for "black river"). The confluence with the Vilcanota River is near Checacupe.

Yanamayo
Yanamayo (possibly from Quechua yana black, mayu river, "black river") is a river in the Ancash Region in Peru. It flows along the border between the provinces Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald and Mariscal Luzuriaga and empties into the Marañón River as a left tributary. The confluence is on the border of the districts Eleazar Guzman Barron, San Nicolás and Canchabamba.
1947 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1947 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 22. There was no corresponding women's edition that year.

1947 was the last year that a men's championships were held without a corresponding women's meet; in all years since as of 2024, both men's and women's championships were always held. At the championships, Gil Dodds of Boston won the mile in 4:12.7 by 20 yards. About 15,000 spectators attended.

USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Indoor Track and Field Championships is an annual indoor track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. In years which feature a World Indoor Championships in Athletics, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
KPNZ
KPNZ (channel 24) is a religious television station licensed to Ogden, Utah, United States, serving the Salt Lake City area as an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). The station's studios are located on North Wright Brothers Drive in northwest Salt Lake City, and its transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains.

Farnsworth Peak
Farnsworth Peak is a peak located on the northern end of the Oquirrh Mountain range, approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) south east of Lake Point, Utah and 18 miles (29 km) south west of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The mountain is named for Philo Farnsworth, the inventor of the first completely electronic television. It is used mainly for radio and television transmission, but could potentially become part of a ski resort owned by nearby Kennecott Land. On the eastern side of the mountain, the land is completely private, and access is restricted. The peak can be reached by hiking from the Tooele side, which is mostly public land. The Bureau of Land Management land extends from Ridge Peak west to the base of the mountain. Public access to this land is available off SR-36 near Lake Point, Utah. Several cattle gates need to be opened and closed, but are access roads to hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding areas.
2015 Netball Superleague season
The 2015 Netball Superleague season (known for sponsorship reasons as the Zeo Netball Superleague) was the tenth season of the Netball Superleague. The league was won by Surrey Storm after defeating Hertfordshire Mavericks in the grand final. Manchester Thunder finished top of the table following the regular season but they subsequently lost to Mavericks in the semi-finals. Thunder eventually finished third overall. Yorkshire Jets were the surprise team of the season, finishing third during the regular season and fourth overall. This was the first season in Superleague history that Team Bath did not qualify for the semi-finals.

Manchester Thunder
AO Manchester Thunder are an English netball team based in Manchester. Their senior team plays in the Netball Super League where they were founding members. They were Super League champions in 2012, 2014, 2019 and 2022. Between 2001 and 2012 they played as Northern Thunder and were originally based in Bury, Greater Manchester.
Bougainvillea Handicap
The Bougainvillea Handicap was a Thoroughbred horse race run between 1940 and 2001 at Hialeah Park in Hialeah, Florida. A race for horses age three and older, it was run at a distance of 1 1/8 miles on turf. The race was named for the purple bougainvillea flower which is an integral part of the track's floral blueprint.

Hialeah Park Race Track
The Hialeah Park Race Track (also known as the Hialeah Race Track or Hialeah Park) is a historic racetrack in Hialeah, Florida, United States. Its site covers 40 square blocks of central-east side Hialeah from Palm Avenue east to East 4th Avenue, and from East 22nd Street on the south to East 32nd Street on the north. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The facility is served by the Miami Metrorail at Hialeah Station at Palm Avenue and East 21st Street.
Puntaru
Puntaru is a village on Pantar Island in the Alor Regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. Puntaru has a population of approximately 600 and is the administrative seat of Desa Tude. The traditional language of Puntaru is Western Pantar (Tubbe dialect), though all adult residents also speak Indonesian.

An elementary school and a regional junior high school are located in Puntaru.

The economy centers around subsistence farming of dry-land rice and other cereal crops.

Pantar
Pantar (Indonesian: Pulau Pantar; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌpulau̯ ˈpan̪t̪ar]) is the second largest island in the Indonesian Alor Archipelago, after Alor. To the east is the island of Alor and other small islands in the archipelago; to the west is the Alor Strait, which separates it from the Solor Archipelago. To the south is the Ombai Strait, and 72 kilometres (45 mi) away, the island of Timor. To the north is the Banda Sea. Pantar is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north-to-south, and varies from 11 to 29 kilometres (6.8 to 18.0 mi) in east–west width. It has an area of 776.12 square kilometres (299.66 sq mi). The main towns on the island are Baranusa and Kabir. Administratively, the island is part of the Alor Regency.
Vytina
Vytina (Greek: Βυτίνα, Vytína) is a mountain village and a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. It is considered a traditional settlement. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Gortynia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 139.309 km2. The seat of the municipality was the village Vytina. The village is located at the foot of the mountain range Mainalo. The area produces marble, a variation called the Black of Vytina.
Vytina is 10 km east of Levidi, 15 km northeast of Dimitsana and 24 km northwest of Tripoli. The Greek National Road 74 (Tripoli - Pyrgos) passes through Vytina. The ancient Arcadian city Methydrion was located near Vytina.

Tripoli, Greece
Tripoli (Greek: Τρίπολη, romanized: Trípoli; Katharevousa: Τρίπολις, romanized: Trípolis) is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the capital of the Peloponnese region as well as of the regional unit of Arcadia. The homonymous municipality had 44,165 inhabitants in 2021.
Albrecht Schubert
Albrecht Ernst Eduard Max Otto Hermann Schubert (23 June 1886 – 26 November 1966) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. His son Klaus Schubert (1914–1994) was an artillery officer of the Wehrmacht and Major General of the Bundeswehr.

General of the Infantry (Germany)
General of the Infantry (German: General der Infanterie, abbr. General d. Inf.) is a former rank of the German army (Heer). It is currently an appointment or position given to an OF-8 rank officer, who is responsible for particular affairs of training and equipment of the Bundeswehr infantry.
False River Academy
False River Academy (commonly False River, or FRA) is a nonsectarian private school located in New Roads, Louisiana, in Pointe Coupee Parish. It serves grades Pre-K through 12. The school is independent, and has its own school board. Its enrollment is drawn from Pointe Coupee and surrounding parishes. It is one of two private schools and one of three high schools in the parish.

It was founded as a segregation academy in 1969. Its first non-white students enrolled in the late 1990s. In 2005, somewhat more students of ethnic minorities enrolled after Hurricane Katrina displaced them from the New Orleans area. As of 2014, the school was 96% white. In 2022, the school was 75% white in a city and parish that were 60% and 35% Black, respectively, in the most recent census.

During the 2013-2014 school year, the school had 483 students and 29.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student-teacher ratio of 15.6:1.

New Roads, Louisiana
New Roads (historically French: Poste-de-Pointe-Coupée) is a city in and the parish seat of Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The center of population of Louisiana was located in New Roads in 2000. The population was 4,831 at the 2010 census, down from 4,966 in 2000. In the 2020 census the population was 4,549, while at the beginning year of 2023 the census showed a population of 4,205 and expects to be under 4,000 by the years end. The city's ZIP code is 70760. It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Tuai
Tuai  is a village and rural community located around Lake Whakamarino, in the Wairoa District of the Hawke's Bay Region, on New Zealand's North Island.

The local Tuai Power Station was opened in 1929 on the shores of Lake Whakamarino, as part of the Waikaremoana power scheme. Genesis Energy has controlled the power station remotely from Tokaanu power station since the early 2000s.

Artist Doris Lusk depicted the power station in a 1948 painting. She described the power station as a “gothic building in the middle of the wild hills”.

Lake Whakamarino, also known as Tuai Lake, is popular with anglers. It can be used by fly-fishers, and accessed with small unanchored boats.

Wairoa District
Wairoa District is a territorial authority district within the Hawke's Bay Region in the North Island of New Zealand. The Wairoa District Council is headquartered in the largest town, Wairoa. The district covers the northern half of the Hawke's Bay coast, extending from Māhia Peninsula to Lake Waikaremoana, and south to the mouth of the Waikare River.

The district has an area of 4,130 square kilometres, of which 4,078 square kilometres are land. The population was 8,940 as of June 2025.

The word Wairoa is Māori for "long water", referring to the length of the tranquil Wairoa River that runs throughout the town. The district has been known historically as Te Wairoa (the long water), and use of the phrase Te Wairoa when referring to the district is steadily increasing, in keeping with the district's vision of being bilingual by 2040.

The Ruakituri River and the Māhia Peninsula are tourist destinations in the district.

Craig Little JP was elected as mayor in the 2013 local elections.
Outline of the Faroe Islands
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Faroe Islands:

Faroe Islands – autonomous province of the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the Faroe archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean.  The Faroe Islands are located between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly equidistant between Iceland, Scotland, and Norway, and are considered a part of Northern Europe.

Politics of the Faroe Islands
The politics of the Faroe Islands, an autonomous country (Danish: land) of the Kingdom of Denmark, function within the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic dependency, whereby the Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. The Faroe Islands are politically associated with the Kingdom of Denmark but have been self-governing since 1948. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Løgting. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and the responsibility of Denmark.
Traditional Wushu Federation of Armenia
The Traditional Wushu Federation of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի ավանդական ուշուի ֆեդերացիա), is the regulating body of wushu in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Armenian Olympic Committee
The Armenian Olympic Committee (ARMNOC; Armenian: Հայաստանի ազգային օլիմպիական կոմիտե, romanized: Hayastani Olimpiakan Komite; IOC Code: ARM) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for Armenia's participation in the Olympic Games. It is headquartered in Yerevan.
Gjallarhorn
In Norse mythology, Gjallarhorn (Old Norse: [ˈɡjɑlːɑrˌhorn]; "hollering horn" or "the loud sounding horn") is a horn associated with the god Heimdallr and the wise being Mímir. The sound of Heimdallr's horn will herald the beginning of Ragnarök, the sound of which will be heard in all corners of the world. Gjallarhorn is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

Horn (instrument)
A horn is any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually made of metal and often curved in various ways, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges. In horns, unlike some other brass instruments such as the trumpet, the bore gradually increases in width through most of its length—that is to say, it is conical rather than cylindrical. In jazz and popular-music contexts, the word may be used loosely to refer to any wind instrument, and a section of brass or woodwind instruments, or a mixture of the two, is called a horn section in these contexts.
Charles Angas Hurst
Charles Angas Hurst AM DSc FAA (22 September 1923 – 19 October 2011) was an Australian mathematical physicist noted for his work in lattice models, quantum field theory, asymptotic expansions and Lie groups. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2003, elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1972, and awarded the Centenary Medal and an Hon DSc (Melb).  His PhD was a seminal work on quantum field theory, developing asymptotic expansions for perturbation expansions. In 1952 Hurst represented Australia in the inaugural International Mathematical Union.

Hurst's work with Herbert Green on lattice problems and the Ising model led to the Free fermion field model, which contained all known properties of Fermions at the time of its publication.  Hurst's work with Thirring (Thirring model) found the simplest non-linear field and is still used as a test model for perturbation theory.

Herbert S. Green
Herbert Sydney Green (17 December 1920 – 16 February 1999) was a British–Australian physicist. Green was a doctoral student of the Nobel Laureate Max Born at Edinburgh, with whom he was involved in the development of the modern kinetic theory. Green is the letter "G" in the BBGKY hierarchy. He is often credited for the development of parastatistics, one of several alternatives to the better known particle statistics models.
Uddhav Thapa
Uddhav Thapa (Nepali: उद्धव थापा; born 30 November 1958) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress. He has served twice within a month as the chief minister of Koshi Province, from 7 July 2023 to 2 August 2023, from 2 August 2023 to 8 September 2023. Thapa was elected parliamentary party leader of the Nepali Congress on 30 December 2022. He is a member of the Koshi Provincial Assembly from Nepali Congress. In the 2022 Nepalese provincial election he was elected as a proportional representative from the Khas people category.

Chief Minister of Koshi Province
The chief minister of the Koshi Province is the head of government of Koshi Province. The chief minister is appointed by the governor of the province according to Article 167 of the Constitution of Nepal. The chief minister remains in office for five years or until the provincial assembly is dissolved, and is subject to no term limits, given that they have the confidence of the assembly.

The current chief minister is CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist)' Hikmat Kumar Karki, in office since 9 May 2024.