hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Mountcharles
Henry Vivien Pierpont Conyngham, 8th Marquess Conyngham (25 May 1951 – 18 June 2025), styled Viscount Slane until 1974 then Earl of Mount Charles from 1974 until 2009 and predominantly known as Lord Mount Charles, was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat who was best known for the rock concerts that he organised at his stately home Slane Castle, and for his column in the Irish Daily Mirror under the byline "Lord Henry".

House of Lords Act 1999
The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The act was given royal assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers); the act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the act allowed ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.

The act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 to 669 in March 2000. As another result of the act, the majority of the Lords were thence life peers, whose numbers had been gradually increasing since the Life Peerages Act 1958. As of June 2023, there were 848 members of the House of Lords, of whom 24 were senior Church of England bishops, whose representation in the House is governed by the Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015.
Duke Siegfried August in Bavaria
Duke Siegfried in Bavaria, full German name: Siegfried August Maximilian Maria, Herzog in Bayern
(10 July 1876, Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire – 12 March 1952, Munich, Bavaria, West Germany) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Siegfried August was the first of three sons  of Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria and his wife Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.  Siegfried August was the brother of Christoph Joseph Clemens Maria, Duke in Bavaria, and Luitpold Emanuel Ludwig Maria, Duke in Bavaria.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
History of Persian Egypt
The history of Persian Egypt refers to the two periods when ancient Egypt was controlled by the Achaemenid Empire:

Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt (525–404 BC), established by the first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt.

Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (343–332 BC), established by the second Achaemenid conquest of Egypt.

These two periods of satrapies were punctuated by a brief interval of Egyptian independence from 404 BC to 343 BC.

First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
The first Achaemenid conquest of Egypt took place in 525 BCE and saw to the foundation of the Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the "First Egyptian Satrapy" (Old Persian: Mudrāya). Egypt became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire until 404 BC while still maintaining Egyptian royalty customs and positions. The conquest was led by Cambyses II, who defeated the Egyptians at the Battle of Pelusium (525 BCE), and crowned himself pharaoh. Achaemenid rule was disestablished upon the rebellion and crowning of Amyrtaeus as Pharaoh. A second period of Achaemenid rule in Egypt occurred under the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (343–332 BCE).
Tung oil
Tung oil or China wood oil is a drying oil obtained by pressing the seed from the nut of the tung tree (Vernicia fordii). Tung oil hardens upon exposure to air (through polymerization), and the resulting coating is transparent and has a deep, almost wet look.  Used mostly for finishing and protecting wood, after numerous coats, the finish can even look plastic-like. Related drying oils include linseed, safflower, poppy, and soybean oils. Raw tung oil tends to dry to a fine, wrinkled finish. This property was used to make wrinkle finishes, usually by adding excess cobalt drier. To prevent wrinkling, the oil is heated to gas-proof it (also known as "boiled").

"Tung oil finish" is often used by paint and varnish manufacturers as a generic name for any wood-finishing product that contains the real tung oil or provides a finish that resembles the finish obtained with tung oil.

Soybean oil
Soybean oil (British English: soyabean oil) is a vegetable oil extracted from soybean (Glycine max) legumes. It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and the second most consumed vegetable oil. As a drying oil, processed soybean oil is also used as a base for printing inks (soy ink) and oil paints.
Gymnocarpium
Gymnocarpium is a small genus of ferns, called oak ferns. It was once placed with various other groups, including the dryopteroid ferns and the athyrioid ferns.  Cladistic analysis has demonstrated that Gymnocarpium and Cystopteris form a natural but relatively primitive clade that is basal to the asplenioid, thelypterioid, and athyrioid ferns comprehensively.

Gymnocarpium sori are small, round and naked.  These ferns generally have a slender, creeping rhizome under the surface of the ground, and fairly thin-textured fronds.

Cystopteris
Cystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae. These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
Network redirector
In DOS and Windows, a network redirector, or redirector, is an operating system driver that sends data to and receives data from a remote device. A network redirector provides mechanisms to locate, open, read, write, and delete files and submit print jobs.

The network redirector was first implemented in MS-DOS 3.1 in 1984.

It provides application services such as named pipes and MailSlots. When an application needs to send or receive data from a remote device, it sends a call to the redirector. The redirector provides the functionality of the presentation layer of the OSI model.

Networks Hosts communicate through use of this client software: Shells, Redirectors and Requesters.

In Microsoft Networking, the network redirectors are implemented as Installable File System (IFS) drivers.

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
Fernando Botero Zea
Fernando Botero Zea (Mexico City, Mexico, August 23, 1956) is a businessman and liberal politician of dual Colombia and Mexican nationalities, mainly known for having served as Minister of National Defense of Colombia and also for being the son of Colombian painter and sculptor Fernando Botero and cultural promoter Gloria Zea.

Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)
The Ministry of National Defence (Spanish: Ministerio de Defensa Nacional) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military forces of Colombia, similar to the defense ministries in other countries. It is composed of the National Army, Navy, Aerospace Force and the National Police.
Orang bunian
In Malaysian, Singaporean, Bruneian and Indonesian folklore, Bunian people or Orang bunian (Indonesian pronunciation: [o.raŋ bu.ni.an]) are supernatural beings said to be invisible to most humans, except those with "spiritual sight". While the term is often translated as "elves", it literally translates to "hidden people" or "whistling people". Orang bunian are described as beautiful, dressed in ancient Southeast Asian style, and nearly identical to humans in appearance. Some mythological accounts describe the lack of a philtrum. Modern depictions of Orang bunian deviate from the traditional folklore by including elf-like features, pointed ears, high fantasy-influenced attire, or modern Minangkabau long-coat clothing.

Mythology of Indonesia
The mythology of Indonesia is very diverse. The Indonesian people consist of hundreds of ethnic groups, each with their own myths and legends that explain the origin of their people, the tales of their ancestors and the demons or deities in their belief systems. The tendency to syncretize by overlying older traditions with newer foreign ideas has occurred. For example, the older ancestral mythology might be merged with imported mythology, such as Hindu, Islamic, or Christian biblical mythology.
Ariazate
Ariazate (also spelled Aryzate or Aryazate, meaning "Child of an Iranian"), also known as Automa, was a Parthian queen consort as the wife of the Parthian monarch Gotarzes I (r. 91–87/80 BC).

She was an Artaxiad princess of Armenia as the daughter of the Artaxiad king Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55 BC).

According to Zoroastrian law, the king could marry several women, all of whom were normally given the Greek title “basilissa” (“queen”), as well as legitimate wives without a title and have sons considered legitimate with the palace slave women and Greek hetaira used to entertain in his banquets, but no hierarchy is known for the queen-wives.

Ariazate was possibly the mother of Gotarze's son and successor Orodes I (r. 87/80–75 BC).

Artaxiad dynasty
The Artaxiad dynasty (also Artashesian) ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until their overthrow by the Romans in 12 AD. It was founded by Artaxias I, who claimed kinship with the previous ruling dynasty of Armenia, the Orontids. Their realm included Greater Armenia, Sophene and, intermittently, parts of Mesopotamia. Their main enemies were the Romans, the Seleucids and the Parthians, against whom the Armenians conducted multiple wars. Under the Artaxiad king Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55 BC), the Kingdom of Armenia reached its greatest territorial extent, extending for a brief period from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Sea.
Raghid El-Solh
Raghid Kazem El-Solh (7 July 1942 – 1 February 2017) was a Lebanese writer and researcher in international and Arab regional relations as well as democracy issues. He published several books about international relations, the Arab region and democracy. He was a regular contributor to several publications including the London-based pan-Arab Al-Hayat newspaper, and was a regular lecturer, political commentator and a consultant for the UN and other organizations.

Raghid was the son of Kazem El-Solh, a former member of Lebanese Parliament and a former Lebanese ambassador to Iraq. He hails from a prominent Sunni Muslim family which gave Lebanon four prime ministers: Riad Solh, Sami Solh, Takieddine Solh and Rachid Solh.

Takieddin el-Solh
Takieddin el-Solh (also Takieddin Solh, Takieddin as-Solh; Arabic: تقي الدين الصلح) (1908 – 27 November 1988) was a Lebanese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1973 to 1974, and again briefly in 1980.

El-Solh was born in Sidon, Lebanon. A Sunni Muslim, he was a legislator representing the Beqaa Valley from 1957–1960 and 1964–1968.  In 1964–1965 he was Minister of the Interior in the Government of Hussein al-Oweini. In 1973, President Suleiman Frangieh named him Prime Minister and Minister for Finance. He served as Prime Minister until 1974, when he was succeeded by Rachid Solh. In July 1980, President Elias Sarkis asked el-Solh to form a government, but he was unable to do so and resigned in October.

His wife was Fadwa Barazi El-Solh.

Takieddin was known for wearing the tarboush. He was faced with extensive objection by the Syrians and was told to leave Lebanon. He spent his last days in Paris, where he died of a heart attack, aged 80.
Hydrophobic silica
Hydrophobic silica is a form of silicon dioxide (commonly known as silica) that has hydrophobic groups chemically bonded to the surface. The hydrophobic groups are normally alkyl or polydimethylsiloxane chains. Hydrophobic silica can be processed in different ways; such as fumed silica, precipitated silica, and aerosol assisted self assembly, all existing in the form of nanoparticles.

Silica fume
Silica fume, also known as microsilica, (CAS number 69012-64-2, EINECS number 273-761-1) is an amorphous (non-crystalline) polymorph of silicon dioxide, silica. It is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production and consists of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm. The main field of application is as pozzolanic material for high performance concrete.

It is sometimes confused with fumed silica (also known as pyrogenic silica, CAS number 112945-52-5). However, the production process, particle characteristics and fields of application of fumed silica are all different from those of silica fume.
Henties Bay
Henties Bay (English, literally: Henty's Bay. Afrikaans: Hentiesbaai, German: Hentiesbucht) is a coastal town in the Erongo Region of western Namibia. The town had 7,569 inhabitants in 2023, an increase from 3,285 in 2001.

Established as a holiday spot in the first half of the 20th century it is still a popular tourist destination for anglers and 4x4 enthusiasts.

Popular Democratic Movement
The Popular Democratic Movement (PDM), formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), is an amalgamation of political parties in Namibia, registered as one singular party for representation purposes. In coalition with the United Democratic Front, it formed the official opposition in Parliament until the parliamentary elections in 2009. The party currently holds five seats in the Namibian National Assembly and one seat in the Namibian National Council. Further, the PDM has lost its status as the official opposition party, taking the fourth place. McHenry Venaani is the President of the PDM.

The PDM is an associate member of the International Democracy Union, a transnational grouping of national political parties generally identified with political conservatism, and a member of the Democracy Union of Africa, which was re-launched in Accra, Ghana in February 2019. The President of the party, McHenry Venaani, is the current chairperson of the Democrat Union of Africa.
Trifluperidol
Trifluperidol is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone chemical class. It has general properties similar to those of haloperidol, but is considerably more potent by weight, and causes relatively more severe side effects, especially tardive dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal effects. It is used in the treatment of psychoses including mania and schizophrenia. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1959.

Butyrophenone
Butyrophenone is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)C3H7.  It is a colorless liquid.

The butyrophenone structure—a ketone flanked by a phenyl ring and a propyl chain—forms the basis for many other chemicals containing various substituents. Some of these butyrophenones are used to treat various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as acting as antiemetics.

Examples of butyrophenone-derived pharmaceuticals include:

Benperidol‡ (200 times more potent than chlorpromazine)

Bromperidol†

Droperidol‡, Antiemetic for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Haloperidol, the most widely used classical antipsychotic drug in this class

Lumateperone, an atypical antipsychotic used for schizophrenia and bipolar depression

Moperone (discontinued)†

Pipamperone (discontinued)†

Timiperone†

Lenperone

Melperone
KXZS
KXZS was an American radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast at 107.5 MHz from Wall, South Dakota, covering the Rapid City and Black Hills area from the east. Owned by JER Licenses, it was to become a simulcast with KXZT, which would broadcast on 107.9 from Newell, South Dakota when that station signed on.

The station's license was cancelled by the FCC on August 24, 2016, due to KXZS having been silent for more than twelve months (since March 17, 2015).

KXZT
KXZT is an American radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast at 107.9 MHz from Newell, South Dakota, covering the Rapid City and Black Hills area. On April 14, 2017, it went on air as a simulcast tower for KRKI. The tower is owned and operated by Bad Lands Broadcasting Company, Inc. KXZT serves the Northern Black Hills including Lead, Deadwood, Spearfish, Belle Fourche, and Sundance, WY.
Kadyrov family
The Kadyrov family is a Chechen political family that has played a prominent role in the governance of Chechnya, an autonomous region of Russia, since Akhmad Kadyrov became the head of the Chechen state in 2000. The region has been governed by members of the Kadyrov family nearly continuously since 2000, with a brief lapse in power from 2004 to 2007 during Alu Alkhanov's tenure as president.

Ramzan Kadyrov has been noted for attempting to establish a political dynasty to succeed him, appointing various family members to key positions within the Chechen political administration and paramilitary forces. Under the control of the Kadyrov family, Chechnya has become notable for its human rights abuses, including murder, torture, forced disappearances and illegal destruction of property, particularly against LGBTQ+ groups.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).
Podgorny, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Podgorny (Russian: Подго́рный) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed town of Zheleznogorsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Population:  6,760 (2010 Census); 6,164 (2002 Census); It is located 30 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk and 5 km east of Sosnovoborsk on the right bank of the Yenisei River. The territory of the village is 7 square meters. km. Podgorny is a part of Krasnoyarsk metro area.

Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant (stylized KrasMash) (Russian: Красноярский машиностроительный завод) is a Russian arms manufacturer and home appliance manufacturer based in Krasnoyarsk. It was established in 1932 and became a subsidiary of Roscosmos.

The Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant was a leading producer of liquid propellant submarine-launched ballistic missiles in the USSR. It has also produced "Biryusa" refrigerators for many years and in the 1990s it converted to the production of a number of new civilian goods. The company also produced the torches for the 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay.
2009 Tajik League
The 2009 Tajik League was the 18th season of Tajik League, the Tajikistan Football Federation's top division of association football. Regar-TadAZ were the defending champions, having won the previous season.

2008 Tajik League
The 2009 Tajik League was the 17th season of Tajik League, the Tajikistan Football Federation's top division of association football. Regar-TadAZ retained their championship, having won the previous season.
Finsbury Park (area)
Finsbury Park is an area in north London, England, which grew up around an important railway interchange near the convergence of the Boroughs of Islington and Hackney and is named after the park in Haringey.

Finsbury Park should not be confused with Finsbury, which is a district of Central London roughly three miles to the south, forming the south-eastern part of the London Borough of Islington.

Central London
Central London is the innermost part of London, in England, spanning the City of London and several boroughs. Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities.

Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square.
Carnegie Mellon Tartans football
The Carnegie Mellon Tartans football team represents Carnegie Mellon University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III competition. Ryan Larsen is the head coach and has served since 2022.

1938 college football rankings
One human poll and several ranking methods determined the 1938 college football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, did not itself bestow a national championship.
The Wise Little Girl
The Wise Little Girl (Russian: Мудрая дева) is a Russian fairy tale collected by Alexander Afanasyev in Narodnye russkie skazki.

This type of tale is the most common European tales to deal with witty exchanges.

Alexander Afanasyev
Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Russian: Александр Николаевич Афанасьев; 23 July [O.S. 11 July] 1826 – 5 October [O.S. 23 September] 1871) was a Russian Slavist and ethnographer best known for publishing nearly 600 East Slavic and Russian fairy and folk tales, one of the largest collections of folklore in the world. This collection was not restricted to Great Russia, but included folk tales from what are now Ukraine and Belarus as well.  The first edition of his collection was published in eight volumes from 1855 to 1867, earning him the reputation of being the Russian counterpart to the Brothers Grimm.
NGC 4332
NGC 4332 is a barred spiral galaxy and a starburst galaxy located 128 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 20, 1790. NGC 4332 is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 9.5×107 solar masses.

NGC 4332 is a member of the NGC 4256 Group, and is located in a subgroup surrounding the galaxy NGC 4210. The NGC 4256 Group is located within the Canes Venatici-Camelopardalis Cloud, which lies in the First Upper Plane of the Virgo Supercluster.

Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar from northern latitudes, meaning that it never sets and can be seen at any time of year.