hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation scheme. Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigning subsets of subcarriers to individual users. This allows simultaneous low-data-rate transmission from several users.

Fading
In wireless communications, fading is the variation of signal attenuation over variables like time, geographical position, and radio frequency. Fading is often modeled as a random process. In wireless systems, fading may either be due to multipath propagation, referred to as multipath-induced fading, weather (particularly rain), or shadowing from obstacles affecting the wave propagation, sometimes referred to as shadow fading.

A fading channel is a communication channel that experiences fading.
Gmina Mieścisko
Gmina Mieścisko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Mieścisko, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Wągrowiec and 48 km (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 135.62 square kilometres (52.4 sq mi), and as of June 2008, its total population is 5,942.

Wągrowiec
Wągrowiec [vɔŋˈɡrɔvjɛt͡s] (German: Wongrowitz) is a town in west-central Poland, 50 kilometres (31 miles) from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century, it has been the seat of a powiat. Administratively, it is attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The town is situated in the middle of the ethnographic and historical region of Pałuki within Greater Poland and the Chodzież lake area (Pojezierze chodzieskie), on the river Wełna and its tributaries, Nielba and Struga, as well as on the shores of Durów Lake.
VolgaTelecom
VolgaTelecom was a Russian telecommunications company formed in 2002 as a result of a reorganization of the Svyaz'invest Company in Moscow which consolidated 72 regional service providers into seven large interregional companies.

Headquartered in Nizhny Novgorod, the company was one of the largest operators, providing mobile and internet communications in the Volga Federal District. As of the end of 2006, it provided services to 5.123 million users. In 2011, the company was acquired by Rostelecom, Russia's largest domestic provider of digital services and was subsequently absorbed into the company.

Rostelecom
Rostelecom (Russian: Ростелеком) is Russia's largest provider of digital services for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators' networks into a single national network for long-distance service. In other words, if one makes a long-distance call or originates Internet contact to or from Russia, Rostelecom is likely providing part of the service. The company's stock trades primarily on the Moscow Exchange.
Live & Loud 2009
Live & Loud 2009 is Buckcherry's first live album, released on September 29, 2009. The tracks were recorded during the band's live performance on May 5 at the Shaw Conference Centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada for the Cinco De Mayo Bash held by local radio station CFBR-FM as well as from performances in Medicine Hat, Calgary, Regina, Saskatoon and Vancouver. It features singles from past albums such as "Lit Up", "Ridin'", "Sorry", "Crazy Bitch", and "For the Movies" and songs from their 2008 album Black Butterfly.

Time Bomb (Buckcherry album)
Time Bomb is the second studio album by American rock band Buckcherry. It was produced by John Travis  and released on March 27, 2001, by DreamWorks Records. It is the band's only album to feature Yogi Lonich on rhythm guitar and is the final album to feature the original lineup, as bassist Jonathan Brightman and drummer Devon Glenn both left the band in August 2001 and January 2002, respectively. It is also Buckcherry's last album before a three-year hiatus, which lasted from 2002 to 2005.
William Wakefield Baum
William Wakefield Baum (November 21, 1926 – July 23, 2015) was an American Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau in Missouri (1970 to 1973) and archbishop of Washington in the District of Columbia (1973 to 1980). He then served in the Roman Curia as prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1980 to 1990) and the major penitentiary (1990 to 2001).

Baum was elevated to the College of Cardinals in 1976. At the time of his 1980 appointment as prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, he was the highest-ranking American ever in the church. By the time of his death, Baum had also been a cardinal longer than any other American.

Parochial school
A parochial school is a private primary or secondary school affiliated with a religious organization, and whose curriculum includes general religious education in addition to secular subjects, such as science, mathematics and language arts. The word parochial comes from the same root as "parish", and parochial schools were originally the educational wing of the local parish church. Christian parochial schools are called "church schools" or "Christian schools."

In addition to schools run by Christian organizations, there are also religious schools affiliated with Jewish, Muslim, and other groups; however, these are not usually called "parochial" because of the term's historical association with Christian parishes.
Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The 1500 metres speed skating event was part of the speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics programme. The competition was held on Thursday, 13 February 1936. Thirty-seven speed skaters from 15 nations competed.

Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics
At the 1936 Winter Olympics, four speed skating events were contested. The competitions were held on Tuesday, 11 February 1936, Wednesday, 12 February 1936, Thursday, 13 February 1936, and on Friday, 14 February 1936.
Italo Gardoni
Italo Gardoni (12 March 1821 – 26 March 1882) was a leading operatic tenore di grazia singer from Italy who enjoyed a major international career during the middle decades of the 19th century. Along with Giovanni Mario, Gaetano Fraschini, Enrico Tamberlik and Antonio Giuglini, he was one of the most celebrated Italian tenors of his era.

His voice was not large but it was exceptionally pure toned and sweet, lacking any disruptive vibrato. He sang legato passages with impressive smoothness but he could also dispatch florid music with flair and considerable agility.

Michael William Balfe
Michael William Balfe (15 May 1808 – 20 October 1870) was an Irish composer, best remembered for his operas, especially The Bohemian Girl.

After a short career as a violinist, Balfe pursued an operatic singing career, while he began to compose. In a career spanning more than 40 years, he composed at least 29 operas, almost 250 songs, several cantatas and other works. He was also a noted conductor, directing Italian Opera at Her Majesty's Theatre for seven years, among other conducting posts.
Johnny Kelly (hurler)
Johnny Kelly (born 1971) is an Irish hurling manager and former player who is the current manager of the Offaly senior hurling team. He previously managed a range of club sides, having played club hurling with Portumna.

2007–08 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2007–08 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 38th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The competition ran from 14 October 2007 to 17 March 2008.

Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Birr in the Leinster semi-final.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 2008, between Portumna of Galway and Birr of Offaly, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Portumna won the match by 3–19 to 3–09 to claim a second title.

Portumna's Joe Canning was the championship's top scorer with 1–24.
Complete intersection ring
In commutative algebra, a complete intersection ring is a commutative ring similar to the coordinate rings of varieties that are complete intersections. Informally, they can be thought of roughly as the local rings that can be defined using the "minimum possible" number of relations.

For Noetherian local rings, there is the following chain of inclusions:

Universally catenary rings ⊃  Cohen–Macaulay rings ⊃ Gorenstein rings ⊃ complete intersection rings ⊃ regular local rings

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Colorado Catholic Academy
Colorado Catholic Academy was a private Catholic grammar school and high school in Wheat Ridge, Colorado.  It was independently owned and operated with the approval of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver. Unlike most Catholic schools in the area, it was not formed by the Archdiocese of Denver and was not under the supervision of the Archdiocese's Office of Catholic Schools.

Wheat Ridge, Colorado
The City of Wheat Ridge is a home rule municipality in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Wheat Ridge is located immediately west of Denver and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Wheat Ridge Municipal Center is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city had a population of 32,398 as of the 2020 Census.
C. Arnold Anderson
Charles Arnold Anderson (January 13, 1907 – June 26, 1990) was an American educator and scholar, known for his significant contributions to the fields of comparative education and rural sociology. He published under the name C. Arnold Anderson in academic journals.

American Journal of Sociology
The American Journal of Sociology (abbreviated AJS) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences. It was founded in 1895 as the first journal in its discipline. Along with the American Sociological Review, it is considered one of the top journals in the academic field of sociology. The current editor is John Levi Martin. For its entire history, the journal has been housed at the University of Chicago and published by the University of Chicago Press.
Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani
The province of Barletta-Andria-Trani (Italian: Provincia di Barletta-Andria-Trani, Neapolitan: Pruvincia 'e Barletta-Andria-Trani) is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy. The establishment of the province took effect in June 2009, and Andria was appointed as its seat of government on 21 May 2010.

It was created from 10 municipalities, which were formerly in the provinces of Bari and Foggia, taking its name from the three cities which share the new province's administrative functions. The population is 376,561 as of 2025.

Province of Foggia
The province of Foggia (Italian: provincia di Foggia, Italian: [proˈvintʃa di ˈfɔddʒa]; Neapolitan: Provìnge de Fogge) is a province in the Italian region Apulia.

This province is also known as Daunia, after the Daunians, an Iapygian pre-Roman tribe living in Tavoliere plain, and as Capitanata, derived from Catapanata, since the area was governed by a catepan as part of the Catepanate of Italy during the High Middle Ages. Its capital is the city of Foggia.
2010 World Tour
The 2010 World Tour was a concert tour by rock band ZZ Top, which began in April 2010 and ended in December 2010. Like recent previous tours, it was a short outing, though for the first time in the band's career, they performed in South America, including three shows in Brazil. The band played many of their classic 1970s and 1980s hits. Critical reaction to the tour's shows was generally positive, although the absence of new material was noted. A great number of tickets were sold within a month of the tour's announcement, which prompted more dates to be added.

Clair Global
Clair Global, or simply Clair, is a professional sound reinforcement and live touring production support company. It was founded by brothers Roy and Gene Clair, who went into business in 1966 after they were asked to bring their sound system on tour with Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. It is believed they were the first professional sound company to tour with a band. The company formally incorporated in 1970 as Clair Bros. Audio Enterprises, Inc.
Davi Det Hompson
Davi Det Hompson (1939–1996), also known as David E. Thompson, born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, and raised in Warren, Ohio, was a Fluxus book artist, concrete poet, creator of mail art, sculptor and painter living and working in Richmond, Virginia. Hompson's chosen professional name was a nom d'art for David E. Thompson and a transposition of the letters of his name.

Dick Higgins
Dick Higgins (15 March 1938 – 25 October 1998) was an American artist, composer, art theorist, poet, publisher, printmaker, and a co-founder of the Fluxus international artistic movement (and community). Inspired by John Cage, Higgins was an early pioneer of electronic correspondence. Higgins coined the word intermedia to describe his artistic activities, defining it in a 1965 essay by the same name, published in the first number of the Something Else Newsletter. His most notable audio contributions include Danger Music scores and the Intermedia concept to describe the ineffable inter-disciplinary activities that became prevalent in the 1960s.
Steve Clarkson
Steven Levert "Steve" Clarkson (born October 31, 1961) is an American football coach. Based in Pasadena, California, he is considered a top quarterback coach. Clarkson has tutored Ben Roethlisberger, Brett Hundley, Matt Leinart, J. P. Losman, Gino Torretta, Matt Barkley, Tim Tebow, Josh Freeman, and Jimmy Clausen, among others. Clarkson is also known for helping to get offers for David Sills from University of Southern California and Tate Martell from the University of Washington at ages of 13. David Sills currently plays for the Atlanta Falcons after signing as a UDFA.

Gino Torretta
Gino Louis Torretta (born August 10, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1992 and was a member of the national championship teams of 1989 and 1991. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the seventh round of the 1993 NFL draft and was a member of several NFL teams, but never became a regular starter as a pro. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2010.
Paddington, New South Wales
Paddington is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the Sydney central business district, Paddington lies across two local government areas. The portion south of Oxford Street lies within the City of Sydney, while the portion north of Oxford Street lies within the Municipality of Woollahra. It is often colloquially referred to as "Paddo".

Paddington is bordered to the west by Darlinghurst, to the east by Centennial Park and Woollahra, to the north by Edgecliff and Rushcutters Bay and to the south by Moore Park.

Centennial Park, New South Wales
Centennial Park is a suburb split between the local government area of the City of Sydney and the City of Randwick, located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east from the Sydney central business district, in the eastern suburbs of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

Centennial Park is home to a number of wild animals including birds, rabbits, and foxes. It is also home to a number of equestrian schools and other domestic animal endeavours such as the Centennial Park Rabbit Retreat, a boarding facility for rabbits in the Centennial Park and Paddington area.
Subquotient
In the mathematical fields of category theory and abstract algebra, a subquotient is a quotient object of a subobject. Subquotients are particularly important in abelian categories, and in group theory, where they are also known as sections, though this conflicts with a different meaning in category theory.

So in the algebraic structure of groups,  is a subquotient of  if there exists a subgroup  of  and a normal subgroup  of  so that  is isomorphic to .

In the literature about sporadic groups wordings like " is involved in " can be found with the apparent meaning of " is a subquotient of ".

As in the context of subgroups, in the context of subquotients the term trivial may be used for the two subquotients  and  which are present in every group .

A quotient of a subrepresentation of a representation (of, say, a group) might be called a subquotient representation; e. g., Harish-Chandra's subquotient theorem.

Section (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a section is a right inverse of some morphism. Dually, a retraction is a left inverse of some morphism.
In other words, if  and  are morphisms whose composition  is the identity morphism on , then  is a section of , and  is a retraction of .

Every section is a monomorphism (every morphism with a left inverse is left-cancellative), and every retraction is an epimorphism (every morphism with a right inverse is right-cancellative).

If there exists a section from  to , then we say that  is a retract of .

In algebra, sections are also called split monomorphisms and retractions are also called split epimorphisms. In an abelian category, if  is a split epimorphism with split monomorphism , then  is isomorphic to the direct sum of  and the kernel of . The synonym coretraction for section is sometimes seen in the literature, although rarely in recent work.
H. A. Goonesekera
Henry Abeywickrema Goonesekera was a Ceylonese politician, who was a member of the 2nd State Council of Ceylon.

Goonesekera was adopted as a child by the Mahawelatenne family and as they had no male heir was appointed Rate Mahatmaya for Balangoda, a position usually reserved for the Kandyan Radala.

On 25 February 1936 he was elected to the 2nd State Council of Ceylon, representing Balangoda. Goonesekera defeated the sitting member, Col. T. G. Jayewardene, polling 14,539 votes to the latter's 10,360. He was appointed to the Executive Committee for Home Affairs.

In April 1943, the Bribery Commissioner found that Goonesekera, E. W. Abeygunasekera, Charles Batuwantudawe, D. D. Gunasekera and E. R. Tambimuttu had accepted bribes in the exercise of their duties as members of the Executive Committee for Home Affairs. As a result Goonesekera resigned from the State Council on 25 May 1943. At the subsequent by-election held in October that year, Sir Francis Molamure was elected.

E. R. Tambimuttu
Emmanuel Rasanayagam Tambimuttu (Tamil: இம்மானுவேல் ராசநாயகம் தம்பிமுத்து, romanized: Im'māṉuvēl Rācanāyakam Tampimuttu; born c1890) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and State Council of Ceylon.
Arnoldas Lukošius
Arnoldas Lukošius (born February 11, 1967) is a Lithuanian keyboardist, who has performed in a LT United band at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006. He is named by his colleagues as a "Lithuania's first rock accordion player". Lukošius has been a member of the legendary Foje band. Today he is the editor of a popular girls' magazine and also plays in the band of Andrius Mamontovas.

His dance in the Eurovision Song Contest, delivered after standing completely still and looking serious in the first half of the song, became famous because of its maniacal delivery, which, in combination with his physical appearance, was found amusing by many viewers.

Andrius Mamontovas
Andrius Mamontovas (born 23 August 1967) is a Lithuanian rock musician. He is also a songwriter, actor, performer and record producer. He was one of the co-founders of the Lithuanian rock band Foje and the initiator of the LT United project.
Judeasaurus
Judeasaurus is an extinct genus of small, aquatic varanoid lizard related to the mosasauroids. The only known specimen is from the Late Cretaceous of the Judean Hills and the West Bank Palestine, though its exact provenance is uncertain.

Varanoidea
Varanoidea is a superfamily of lizards, including the well-known family Varanidae (the monitors and goannas). Also included in the Varanoidea are the Lanthanotidae (earless monitor lizards), and the extinct Palaeovaranidae.

Throughout their long evolutionary history, varanoids have exhibited great diversity, both in habitat and form. This superfamily includes the largest-known terrestrial lizard, Megalania (~5 meters), and the largest extant lizard, the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis, ~3 meters).
Operation Thunderstorm
Operation Thunderstorm was the codename for the Singapore Armed Forces's operation to contain refugees fleeing South Vietnam following the fall of Saigon in 1975. The operation was oversaw by Wong Kan Seng.

Police Coast Guard
The Police Coast Guard (PCG) is a division of the Singapore Police Force that combines the functions of marine police and coast guard in Singapore. Its duties include the law enforcement and search and rescue operations in collaboration with the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority. It is headquartered at Brani Regional Base on Pulau Brani.
Francis Smythe (priest)
Christianity portal

Francis Henry Dumville Smythe (1873–1966)  was the Archdeacon of Lewes from 1929 to 1946.

Smythe was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1898 and held curacies at South Petherton, Bunbury and Alfrick. He held incumbencies in Horsted Keynes, Hove and Eastbourne; and died on 8 October 1966.

Smythe was a prolific collector of watercolours, and in the 1950s, he donated his collection to the Dunedin Public Art Gallery and New Zealand's National Art Gallery. The decision to make the donation to galleries in a county he never visited came after a long friendship with New Zealand art curator and gallery director Annette Pearse.

Archdeacon of Hastings
The Archdeacon of Hastings is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Chichester. The Diocese of Chichester almost exactly covers the counties of East and West Sussex and the City of Brighton and Hove, stretching for nearly a hundred miles (160 km) along the south coast of England.
Palaemon serenus
Palaemon serenus, commonly known as the red-handed shrimp, rockpool shrimp, or rock-pool prawn, is a species of marine shrimp in the family Palaemonidae native to southern and eastern Australia. They are omnivores, feeding on algae or scavenging for animal matter.

Palaemonidae
Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.

The family contains more than 1200 species in  160 genera. The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.