hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
By-elections to the 37th Canadian Parliament
By-elections to the 37th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2000 federal election and the 2004 federal election. The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 37th Canadian Parliament, with little change from by-elections.

Sixteen seats became vacant during the life of the Parliament. Twelve of these vacancies were filled through by-elections, and four seats remained vacant when the 2004 federal election was called.

Parachute candidate
A parachute candidate, or carpetbagger in the United States, is a pejorative term for an election candidate who does not live in the area they are running to represent and has little connection to it. The allegation is thus that a desperate political party lacking reliable talent local to the district or region is "parachuting" the candidate in for the job or that the party (or the candidate themselves) wishes to give a candidate an easier election than would happen in their home area. The term also carries the implication that the candidacy has been imposed without regard to the existing local hierarchy.
1980 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 1980 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from February 28 through March 1. Duke defeated Maryland, 73–72, to win the championship. Maryland's Albert King was named the tournament MVP, becoming the last player to date (as of the 2018 tournament) to have been named MVP without playing on the tournament winners. Georgia Tech played in this event for the first time as the ACC returned to an eight-team configuration for the first time since the departure of South Carolina in 1971.

1979–80 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 1979–80 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1979–80 college basketball season. This was the sixth and final season for head coach Bill Foster, as it was announced on March 3, 1980 that he would join the South Carolina Gamecocks the following season.

Mike Krzyzewski, the head coach of the Army Black Knights the previous five seasons, succeeded Foster.
Semboku 3000 series
The Semboku 3000 series (泉北3000系, Senboku 3000-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type that was introduced by Semboku Rapid Railway in 1975. Since 2013, Nankai Electric Railway began operating former Semboku 3000 series sets, and these sets retain the 3000 series designation.

Semboku Rapid Railway (company)
Semboku Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. (泉北高速鉄道株式会社, Senboku Kōsoku Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha) is a company managing the commercial distribution center and the Semboku Rapid Railway in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It was formerly known as a third-sector company Osaka Prefectural Urban Development Co., Ltd. (大阪府都市開発株式会社, Ōsaka-fu Toshi Kaihatsu Kabushiki Gaisha) until 30 June 2014. Osaka Prefectural Urban Development and its subsidiary company were called the OTK Group (OTKグループ, OTK Gurūpu) together.
Jan Józef Lipski
Jan Józef Lipski (26 May 1926 – 10 September 1991) was a Polish critic, literature historian, politician and freemason. As a soldier of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), he fought in the Warsaw Uprising. Editor of collected works by Jan Kasprowicz, Benedykt Chmielowski and Gabriela Zapolska.

Kultura
Kultura (Polish pronunciation: [kulˈtura], Culture)—sometimes referred to as Kultura Paryska ("Paris-based Culture")—was a leading Polish-émigré literary-political magazine, published from 1947 to 2000 by Instytut Literacki (the Literary Institute), initially in Rome and then in Paris. It was edited and produced by Jerzy Giedroyc and ceased publication upon his death.
Dalhart Unit
The Dalhart Unit is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for men located in unincorporated Hartley County, Texas. The unit is along Farm to Market Road 998 and near U.S. Highway 54, 4 miles (6.4 km) west and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Dalhart. It is located next to Dalhart Municipal Airport. As of 2000 Dalhart serves minimum and medium security inmates.

Dalhart Municipal Airport
Dalhart Municipal Airport (IATA: DHT, ICAO: KDHT, FAA LID: DHT) is in unincorporated Hartley County, Texas, three miles (5 km) southwest of Dalhart, Texas, a city straddling the border of Dallam and Hartley counties in the northwest corner of the Texas Panhandle.

The airport sees no airlines.
Benevello
Benevello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 451 and an area of 5.4 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi).

Benevello borders the following municipalities: Alba, Borgomale, Diano d'Alba, Lequio Berria, and Rodello.

Alba, Piedmont
Alba (Piedmontese: Arba; Latin: Alba Pompeia) is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the Province of Cuneo. It is one of the main cities in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato. The town is famous for its white truffle and wine production. The confectionery group Ferrero is based there. The city joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in October 2017.
Philippolis
Philippolis is a town in the Free State province of South Africa. The town is the birthplace of writer and intellectual Sir Laurens van der Post, actress Brümilda van Rensburg and Springboks rugby player Adriaan Strauss. It is regarded as one of the first colonial settlements in the Free State.

Griqua people
The Griquas are a subgroup of mixed-race heterogeneous formerly Afrikaans-speaking nations in South Africa with a unique origin in the early history of the Dutch Cape Colony. Like the Boers, they migrated inland from the Cape and in the 19th century established several states in what is now South Africa and Namibia. The Griqua consider themselves South Africa’s first multiracial nation with people descended directly from Dutch settlers in the Cape, and local peoples.
Ardameri
Ardameri (Greek: Αρδαμέρι, Turkish: Edremir) is a village in the regional unit of Thessaloniki of Greece, at the foot of Mount Chortiatis, on the site of the medieval settlement of Ardamerion (Αρδαμέριον).

Chortiatis
Chortiatis (Greek: Χορτιάτης) is a suburb and a former municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 Kallikratis local government reform it is part of the municipality Pylaia-Chortiatis, of which it is a municipal unit. It lies at 600 metres altitude on the slopes of the Mount Chortiatis, from which it takes its name. The municipal unit Chortiatis has an area of 109.934 km2, and the community Chortiatis has an area of 57.315 km2.
The Straw Man
The Straw Man is a 1957 novel by the French writer Jean Giono. Its French title is Le Bonheur fou, which means "the mad happiness". The story is set in the 1840s and follows Angelo Pardi as he is caught up in plots leading up to the Italian revolution of 1848. The novel is a standalone sequel to The Horseman on the Roof, which is set earlier and also features Pardi as the main character. The novels were part of Giono's planned Hussar Cycle. The Straw Man was published in English in 1959, translated by Phyllis Johnson.

The Horseman on the Roof (novel)
The Horseman on the Roof (orig. French Le Hussard sur le toit) is a 1951 adventure novel by French writer Jean Giono. It tells the story of Angelo Pardi, a young Italian carbonaro colonel of hussars, caught up in the 1832 cholera epidemic in Provence.

In 1995, it was made into a film of the same name directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau.
Eduardo Dantas
Eduardo Dantas (born 3 February 1989) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist who competes in the bantamweight division. A professional MMA competitor since 2007, Dantas mostly fought for the Bellator MMA where he was the former two-time Bellator Bantamweight World champion. He has also fought in Shooto, where he has competed for the Shooto 132-pound world title. From January 2012 to October 2017, he was ranked in the top 10 bantamweights in the world by Fight Matrix, getting as high as #3 in January 2014.

2013 in Bellator MMA
2013 in Bellator MMA was the eighth installment of the Bellator MMA, which began on January 17, 2013 and ended on April 4, 2013.

Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in five weight classes and all of the champions, except the heavyweight champion, placed their titles on the line during this season.

This season marked the beginning of Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) airing on Spike TV.
Greben Cossacks
The Grebensky Cossacks or Grebentsy was a group of Cossacks formed in the 16th century from Don Cossacks who left the Don area and settled in the northern foothills of the Caucasus. The Greben Cossacks are part of the Terek Cossacks. They were influenced by Chechen and Nogai culture and most were bilingual in the Russian language and the Nogai language.

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps.

It was published in the Russian Empire in 1890–1907, as a joint venture of Leipzig and St Petersburg publishers. The articles were written by the prominent Russian scholars of the period, such as Dmitri Mendeleev and Vladimir Solovyov. Reprints have appeared following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Off-color humor
Off-color humor (also known as vulgar humor, crude humor, crass humor, coarse humor or shock humor) is humor that deals with topics that may be considered to be in poor taste or vulgar. Many comedic genres (including jokes, prose, poems, black comedy, blue comedy, insult comedy, cringe comedy and skits) may incorporate "off-color" elements.

Most commonly labeled as "off-color" are acts concerned with sex, a particular ethnic group, or gender. Other off-color topics include violence, particularly domestic abuse; excessive swearing or profanity; toilet humor; national superiority or inferiority, pedophilic content, and any topics generally considered impolite or indecent. Generally, the point of off-color humor is to induce laughter by evoking a feeling of shock and surprise in the comedian's audience. In this way, off-color humor is related to other forms of postmodern humor, such as the anti-joke.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
İçören, Savur
İçören or Teffe (Kurdish: Teffê) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Savur, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 1,037 in 2021.

It is populated by Arabs who are part of the adjacent Kurdish Dereverî tribe.

Savur
Savur (Syriac: ܨܰܘܪܳܐ, romanized: Ṣawro; Arabic: صور, romanized: Ṣawr; Kurdish: Stewr), meaning “mountain ridge” in Syriac and formerly known as Savor, is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 962 km2, and its population is 24,821 (2022).
Kairakuen Station
Kairakuen Station (偕楽園駅, Kairakuen-eki) is a passenger railway station on the Jōban Line in Mito, Ibaraki, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

It is a "seasonal" station which serves the nearby Kairaku-en gardens, and is open only during the plum blossom season in February and March. Some Hitachi and Tokiwa limited express services also stop at the station during this period.

Hitachi (Japanese train)
Hitachi (ひたち) is a limited express train service operated in Japan by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on the Jōban Line between Shinagawa Station / Ueno Station in Tokyo and Sendai Station in Miyagi Prefecture. The Tokiwa service follows the same route but makes additional stops.
GJ 3929
GJ 3929, also known as Gliese 3929 and TOI-2013, is a red dwarf star located 51.6 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Corona Borealis. With an apparent magnitude of 12, it is not visible to the naked eye. In 2022, two exoplanets were detected orbiting the star.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.
2019 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
The 2019 Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships were held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, from 2 to 7 September 2019. It was organised by the Mongolian Table Tennis Association under the authority of Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU).

Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships is an annual table tennis tournament regarded as continental championships between juniors and cadets. The Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships (AJCTTC) is one of the most prestigious events of the world junior table tennis circuit. It will be held under the supervision of the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Cadet Championships was added in 1986 (2nd). The table below gives an overview of all host cities and countries of the Asia Junior Championships.
Mexicana Universal Sinaloa
Mexicana Universal Sinaloa is a pageant in Sinaloa, Mexico, that selects that state's representative for the national Mexicana Universal.

Sinaloa is the third State in Mexico that has produced more crowns in the history with 5 crowns. The State Organization has produced three Nuestra Belleza México in 2003 with Rosalva Luna, 2006 with Rosa María Ojeda and 2017 with Denisse Franco,    two Nuestra Belleza Mundo México in 2000 with Paulina Flores and 2008 with Perla Beltrán and two Nuestra Belleza Internacional México in 1999 with Lynette Deldago and 2008 with Laura Zúñiga, but these crowns are not taken into account because later Lynette resigned and Laura was dethroned.

Nuestra Belleza México 2017
The 23rd annual Nuestra Belleza México pageant held on March 11, 2017. Contestants from around Mexico competed for the national title, which was won by Denisse Franco from Sinaloa who will compete at Miss Universe 2017. Denisse was crowned by outgoing Nuestra Belleza México titleholder Kristal Silva. Denisse is the third Sinaloa to win this title.
Bungalotis quadratum
Bungalotis quadratum (common name - pallid scarlet-eye) is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae  (subfamily - Eudaminae,  tribe - Eudamini). It was first described by Jan Sepp in (approximately) 1845 as Papilio quadratum.

It is found in the Americas.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Mahony Stakes
The Mahony Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds over a distance of 5+1⁄2 furlongs on the turf course scheduled annually in August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. The event currently carries a purse of $175,000.

Saratoga Race Course
Saratoga Race Course is a Thoroughbred horse racing track located on Union Avenue in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. Opened in 1863, it is often considered to be the oldest major sporting venue of any kind in the U.S. It is the fourth oldest racetrack after Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack (1858), Freehold Raceway (1854) and Fair Grounds Race Course (1852).

The racetrack is operated by the New York Racing Association.

The Saratoga meet originally lasted only four days. The meet has been lengthened gradually since that time. From 1962 to 1990, the meet lasted four weeks and began in late July or early August. In 2010, the meet expanded to 40 racing days, with races held five days per week. It lasts from mid-July through Labor Day in early September.
Mount Pulong Bato
Mount Pulong Bato (Columbato) is a monolith located in Zamboanga City at the Zamboanga Peninsula, the western tip of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The mountain is situated in the Upper Abong-Abong Park within the Pasonanca Natural Park, in Barangay Pasonanca, only a few kilometers away from the city's downtown section.

Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula (Cebuano: Lawis sa Zamboanga; Chavacano/Spanish: Península de Zamboanga; Filipino: Tangway ng Zamboanga), designated as Region IX, is an administrative region in Mindanao, Philippines. It consists of the provinces of Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur, and the cities of Isabela and Zamboanga.

The region was previously known as Western Mindanao. Pagadian serves as the regional center, while Zamboanga City is the region's commercial and industrial center.
Economic consequences of population decline
Population decline has many potential effects on individual and national economy. The single best gauge of economic success is growth in GDP per capita, not GDP. GDP per capita is an approximate indicator of average living standards, for individual prosperity. Therefore, whether population decline has a positive or negative economic impact on a country's citizens depends on the rate of growth of GDP per capita, or alternatively, GDP growth relative to the rate of decline in the population.

Dependency ratio
Dependency ratios are ratios of the numbers of dependents (youths aged 0–14 and/or elderly aged 65+) to the number of working-age adults (15–64). They serve as indicators of population age structures and social support requirements.

A lower dependency ratio means that there are more working-age adults to support dependents.

A lower ratio could allow for better pensions and better health care for citizens.  A higher ratio indicates more financial stress on working people and possible political instability. While the strategies of increasing fertility and of allowing immigration especially of younger working age people have been formulas for lowering dependency ratios, future job reductions through automation may impact the effectiveness of those strategies.
Puerto Rico Open (tennis)
The Puerto Rico Open is a defunct women's tennis tournament. First played in San Juan, Puerto Rico, it then moved to Dorado, Puerto Rico in 1990 and was played on outdoor hard courts. In 1988, when Tier categories were first introduced on the WTA Tour, the Open became part of Tier IV. One last edition was played in 1995, this time featuring in Tier III. The event was the successor tournament to the Avon Futures of Puerto Rico (1980-1981).

WTA Tier III tournaments
The WTA Tier III tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis third-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years due to tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009, most Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from previous seasons became WTA International Tournaments owing to a category change. The main reason for the changes was to ease the pressure on players in terms of the number of tournaments that they were required to play.
2012 Arimex Challenger Trophy
The 2012 Arimex ATP Challenger Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Trnava, Slovakia between 17 and 23 September 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Geva Carmel
Geva Carmel (Hebrew: גֶּבַע כַּרְמֶל, lit. 'Carmel Hill') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located near Atlit, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,205.

Atlit (modern town)
Atlit (Hebrew: עַתְלִית, Arabic: عتليت) is a coastal town located south of Haifa, Israel. The community is in the Hof HaCarmel Regional Council in the Haifa District of Israel.

Off the coast of Atlit is a submerged Neolithic village. The town of Atlit is named after the nearby Crusader outpost and fortified town of Atlit, also known as Château Pèlerin, which although in ruins remained populated until 1948.

The town was established in 1903 under the auspices of Baron Edmond de Rothschild, approximately two kilometers south of the historical site which was then a small Palestinian village. The Atlit detainee camp is nearby, which was used by the British to intern Jewish refugees and is now a museum. From 1950 until the unification of the municipalities in 2003, Atlit was a local council whose jurisdiction was 14,000 dunams. In 2023 the population was 11,184.
Deir al-Ghusun
Deir al-Ghusun (Arabic: دير الغصون) is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate, located eight kilometers northeast of the city of Tulkarm in the northern West Bank, Palestine. The town is near the Green Line (border between Israel and the West Bank). The town had a population of 9,936 in 2017. Its altitude is 200 meters.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.