hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congo Pedicle road
The Congo Pedicle road (at one time referred to as the 'Zaire Pedicle road') crosses the Congolese territory of the Congo Pedicle and was constructed by and is maintained by Zambia to connect its Copperbelt and Luapula Provinces. Both the road and the territory may be referred to as ‘the Pedicle’. It is designated as the N36 Route on the Congolese Road Network.

It connects the M3 road at Chembe, Luapula Province with the M5 road at Mufulira, Copperbelt Province via Mokambo. For thirty years, the Congo Pedicle road has been a major development issue in northern Zambia.

Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi (UK: /ˌluːbʊmˈbæʃi/ LOO-buum-BASH-ee, US: /ˌluːbuːmˈbɑːʃi/ LOO-boom-BAH-shee), formerly Élisabethville ([elizabɛtvil]; Dutch: Elisabethstad [eːˈlisaːbɛtstɑt] ⓘ), is the second-largest city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the country's southeasternmost part, near the border with Zambia. The capital and principal city of the Haut-Katanga Province, Lubumbashi is the center of mining in the region, acting as a hub for many of the country's largest mining companies. No definite population figures are available, but the population of the city's urban area is estimated to be around 2,584,000 in 2021.
San Felipe Valley, California
33°05′51″N 116°27′48″W﻿ / ﻿33.09750°N 116.46333°W﻿ / 33.09750; -116.46333

San Felipe Valley is an inland valley of the Peninsular Ranges, located in eastern San Diego County, California. Most of the valley is protected within the San Felipe Valley Wildlife Area.

Rancho Valle de San Felipe
Rancho Valle de San Felipe was a 9,972-acre (40.36 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California, given in 1846 by Governor Pío Pico to Felipe Castillo. The grant was located in the San Felipe Valley in the Laguna Mountains east of present-day Julian.
Intervertebral disc damage and spaceflight
Astronauts have expressed an increased incidence of back pain during spaceflight and herniated intervertebral discs (IVD) have been diagnosed upon return of Skylab and Shuttle spaceflight participants.

These conditions and symptoms may be from previous back injury, but the evidence of IVD injuries raises the possibility that astronauts are at an increased risk of intervertebral disc damage during loading scenarios experienced during exploration missions (re-entry to a gravitational field and activities on planetary surfaces). To date, flight data related to potential back injuries have focused on spine elongation and the well-established effects of mechanical unloading on intervertebral discs.

Intervertebral disc
An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.
Dolichandra
Dolichandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to Latin America and the Caribbean. They are climbing lianas with trifid and uncate tendrils. The best-known species is Dolichandra unguis-cati.

Dolichandra unguis-cati
Dolichandra unguis-cati, commonly known as cat's claw creeper, funnel creeper, or cat's claw trumpet, In Hawai'i it is called hug-me-tight. is a rapidly growing climbing vine belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It affects all plant layers of the forest ecosystem spreading rapidly both vertically and horizontally.
Abraham and the Three Angels
Abraham and the Three Angels is a c. 1670-1674 oil on canvas painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, now in the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, which bought it in 1948.

The work is one of eight paintings commissioned for Seville's Hermandad de la Caridad, to which the artist himself belonged and one of whose commandments was to clothe the naked. Four of those eight works remain in Seville (Saint John of God Carrying a Sick Man, The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, Moses at the Rock of Horeb and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary), whereas the Ottawa work and the remaining three were looted by Napoleon's army in 1810 (The Return of the Prodigal Son, National Gallery of Art; The Healing of the Paralytic, National Gallery, London; The Liberation of Saint Peter, Hermitage Museum).

The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes (Murillo, Seville)
The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes is a 1669–1670 or 1670–1674 oil on canvas painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, still in the Hospital de la Caridad in Seville for which it was originally painted, though an earlier study for it now hangs in Edinburgh. It was restored in 2018.
Nelson Cuevas
Nelson Rafael Cuevas Amarilla (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnelson rafaˈel ˈkweβas amaˈɾiʎa]; born 10 January 1980) is a Paraguayan former footballer and current singer.

He represented the Paraguay national football team at the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups and the 1999 and 2007 Copa América tournaments.

In addition to playing club football in his native Paraguay, Cuevas played for Santos in Brazil, River Plate in Argentina, Universidad de Chile in Chile, Albacete in Spain, Inter Shanghai in China, and three clubs in Mexico.

Club Libertad
Club Libertad is a Paraguayan professional football club based in Asunción that currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División. The club plays its home games at Estadio Tigo La Huerta; which holds 15,000 people.

Founded in 1905, Libertad is the third most successful Paraguayan football club, winning 26 national titles, only behind rivals Olimpia and Cerro Porteño.
2014 Tour of Alberta
The 2014 Tour of Alberta was the second edition of the Tour of Alberta stage race, a 2.1 race included on the UCI America Tour. As such, the race was only open to teams on the UCI Pro Tour, UCI Professional Continental and UCI Continental circuits. The race took place between September 2–7, 2014, as a six-day, six-stage race, traversing the province of Alberta. The race commenced in Calgary and finished in Edmonton.

Tour of Alberta
The ATB Tour of Alberta was a Canadian bicycle stage race, which raced across the province of Alberta. It was sanctioned by Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and was part of the UCI America Tour.  It was classified as a 2.1 race, making it one of the highest rated races on the tour. The inaugural tour featured a prologue and five stages, and was held September 3–8, 2013.

On February 15, 2018 the Alberta Peloton Association announced that the event was being cancelled.
Sonai River
The Sonai River was a river in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India.

Human development activity filled in portions of the river, leaving only sporadic ponds with many dried sections of the river route.

Drained areas near Amudia and Hakimpur near the national border have been used by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh terrorists as a route to invade India.

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
Suresh Krishna (businessman)
Suresh Krishna, an Indian industrialist, is the Chairman of Sundram Fasteners Limited (SFL), and the Chairman of the holding company, T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Pvt Ltd.

Suresh Krishna is the grandson of the founder of TVS Group, late Sri T V Sundram Iyengar, and the eldest son of the late Sri T S Krishna.

T. V. Sundram Iyengar
Thirukkurungudi Vengaram Sundram Iyengar (22 March 1877 – 28 April 1955) was an Indian industrialist and automobile pioneer. He started his career as a pinewood dealer and later in 1911, he founded T. V. Sundram Iyengar & Sons, a bus company which later diversified into automobile production and emerged as the parent company of the TVS Group, one of India's biggest business conglomerates. With his humble beginning as a lawyer, he grew into one of the most successful industrialists of his time. The flagship company of the group is TVS Motors established by his son T. S. Srinivasan. He laid foundation for road transport industry in the erstwhile Madras Presidency through the state's first bus service. The TVS group he thus started now extends from motor industry, auto services to financial services.
Grigat
Gerigat (also known as Grigat) is a settlement in Kabong District, Betong Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 108.6 kilometres (67.5 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Kampung Muara Selalang 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) north

Kampung Peruntong 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) south

Nyabor 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) south

Nyabor
Nyabor is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 104.7 kilometres (65.1 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Kampung Peruntong 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Nanga Plasu 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) east

Rumah Kelali 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north
Movement paradox
A movement paradox is a phenomenon of grammar that challenges the transformational approach to syntax. The importance of movement paradoxes is emphasized by those theories of syntax (e.g. lexical functional grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, construction grammar, most dependency grammars) that reject movement, i.e. the notion that discontinuities in syntax are explained by the movement of constituents.

Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) was the earliest model of grammar proposed within the research tradition of generative grammar. Like current generative theories, it treated grammar as a system of formal rules that generate all and only grammatical sentences of a given language. What was distinctive about transformational grammar was that it posited transformation rules that mapped a sentence's deep structure to its pronounced form. For example, in many variants of transformational grammar, the English active voice sentence "Emma saw Daisy" and its passive counterpart "Daisy was seen by Emma" share a common deep structure generated by phrase structure rules, differing only in that the latter's structure is modified by a passivization transformation rule.
Space–time block code
Space–time block coding is a technique used in wireless communications to transmit multiple copies of a data stream across a number of antennas and to exploit the various received versions of the data to improve the reliability of data transfer. The fact that the transmitted signal must traverse a potentially difficult environment with scattering, reflection, refraction and so on and may then be further corrupted by thermal noise in the receiver means that some of the received copies of the data may be closer to the original signal than others. This redundancy results in a higher chance of being able to use one or more of the received copies to correctly decode the received signal. In fact, space–time coding combines all the copies of the received signal in an optimal way to extract as much information from each of them as possible.

Bit error rate
In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit synchronization errors.

The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. Bit error ratio is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.

The bit error probability pe is the expected value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors.
Luis Resto (musician)
Luis Edgardo Resto (born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and keyboardist who has worked closely with rapper Eminem since his third major-label album The Eminem Show. He is of Puerto Rican descent and was raised in Garden City, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

Obie Trice
Obie Trice III (born November 14, 1977) is an American rapper. He signed with fellow Detroit rapper Eminem's Shady Records, an imprint of Interscope Records in 2000 to release his first two albums, Cheers (2003) and Second Round's on Me (2006). Both peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200, while the former was supported by the singles "Got Some Teeth" and the Dr. Dre-produced "The Set Up (You Don’t Know)" (featuring Nate Dogg). Upon leaving the label, Trice formed his own record label, Black Market Entertainment to release his following albums, Bottoms Up (2012), The Hangover (2015) and The Fifth (2019).
Kia Soul EV
The Kia Soul EV (also known as Kia e-Soul) is an all-electric subcompact crossover SUV manufactured by Kia and based on the Kia Soul.  The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2020 Kia Soul EV is 243 miles (391 km).

Deliveries of the first generation began in South Korea in May 2014. European sales began in July 2014.  Sales started in the U.S. in October 2014; initially it was sold only in California, Oregon, and several Eastern states with the largest EV markets and infrastructure including New York, New Jersey and Maryland. Global sales exceeded the 10,000 unit milestone in January 2016, with Europe as the leading market with 6,770 units sold. Germany was the leading European market with 3,853 units sold through December 2015.

A second generation was introduced in 2019 for the 2020 model year, sold in both Europe and Canada. It was delayed until 2021 for the US market.

Subcompact crossover SUV
Subcompact crossover SUV is an automobile segment used to describe the smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, below the compact crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover SUVs are usually based on a platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car, although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment). The segment started to gain traction during early to mid-2010s when the number of models and sales figures rapidly increased in major markets such as North America and Europe. In 2019, around 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by subcompact crossovers.

The segment is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil where they account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69 percent of total SUV sales in 2018 respectively. In 2019, the best selling subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-V, recording 622,154 units being sold worldwide.
Thomas Birch Freeman
Thomas Birch Freeman (6 December 1809 in Twyford, Hampshire – 12 August 1890 in Accra) was an Anglo-African Wesleyan minister, missionary, botanist and colonial official in West Africa. He is widely regarded as a pioneer of the Methodist Church in colonial West Africa, where he also established multiple schools. Some scholars view him as the "Founder of Ghana Methodism". Freeman's missionary activities took him to Dahomey, now Benin, as well as to Western Nigeria.

Anomabu
Anomabu, also spelled Anomabo and formerly as Annamaboe, is a town on the coast of the Mfantsiman Municipal District of the Central Region of South Ghana. Anomabu has a settlement population of 14,389 people.

Anomabu is located 12 km east of Cape Coast in the central region of south Ghana. It is situated on the main road to Accra. The total area of Anomabu is 612 square kilometers, with boundaries of 21 kilometres along the coast, and 13 kilometres inland. The main language spoken in Anomabu is Fante.

According to oral tradition, the origin of the name “Anomabu” was first established when a hunter from the Nsona clan first discovered the area and decided to settle there with his family, eventually starting his own village as time passed. The hunter allegedly saw some birds atop a rock, and proclaimed the area “Obo noma,” which became the town's original name. Obanoma literally translates to “bird’s rock,” a name that slowly evolved into Anomabu over the years.
Lesa, Piedmont
Lesa is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Novara.

Lesa borders the following municipalities: Belgirate, Brovello-Carpugnino, Ispra, Massino Visconti, Meina, Nebbiuno, Ranco, and Stresa.

Novara
Novara (Italian: [noˈvaːra] ⓘ; Novarese: [nuˈ(ʋ)aːra]) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy, to the west of Milan. With a population of 102,231, it is the 2nd-largest city in Piedmont after Turin as of 2025.

It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland.

Novara lies between the streams Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, 50 km (31 mi) from Milan and 95 km (59 mi) from Turin. It is only 15 km (9.3 mi) from the river Ticino, which marks the border with the Lombardy region.
Fernando Lugo
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (Spanish pronunciation: [feɾˈnando aɾˈmindo ˈluɣo ˈmendes]; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician and laicized Catholic bishop who was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. Previously, he was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005. He was elected as president in 2008, an election that ended 61 years of rule by the Colorado Party.

In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process that neighboring countries deemed a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 and 2018 general elections but failed to win reelection in the 2023 Paraguayan general election.

President of Paraguay
The president of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente del Paraguay), officially known as the president of the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: presidente de la República del Paraguay), is the head of the executive branch of the government of Paraguay, serving as both head of state and head of government according to the Constitution of Paraguay. His honorific title is Su Excelencia. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief for the armed forces

The incumbent president of Paraguay is Santiago Peña, who took office on 15 August 2023. The presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción. Once presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of senator for life.
Penstemon fruticiformis
Penstemon fruticiformis is a species of penstemon known by the common name Death Valley penstemon. It is native to the western United States, where it is found growing in rocky scrub, woodlands, deserts and mountains of eastern California and western Nevada. It is known from scattered occurrences around Death Valley, and only one of the two varieties occurs on the Nevada side of the border.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Delorme 1
Delorme 1 (2MASS J01033563-5515561) is a binary star with a planetary-mass companion (PMC) or protoplanet in a circumbinary orbit. The PMC is notable for showing signs of accretion, despite being 30-45 Myr old, making it similar to Peter Pan disks. These disks show characteristics of a gas-rich disk at unexpected high ages.

Circumbinary planet
A circumbinary planet is a planet that orbits two stars instead of one. The two stars orbit each other in a binary system, while the planet typically orbits farther from the center of the system than either of the two stars. In contrast, circumstellar planets in a binary system have stable orbits around one of the two stars, closer in than the orbital distance of the other star (see Habitability of binary star systems). Studies in 2013 showed that there is a strong hint that a circumbinary planet and its stars originate from a single disk.
Suren Khachatryan
Suren Sergeyi Khachatryan (Armenian: Սուրեն Սերգեյի Խաչատրյան; born August 1, 1956), known as Liska, is an Armenian politician who formerly served as the governor of the Syunik Province of Armenia, a position from which he resigned in 2013, presumably because of a shooting incident near his mansion in Goris. Prior to that, from 1996 to 1999, he was the mayor of Goris.  A member of Armenia's Republican Party, Khachatryan was also a deputy to the Armenian National Assembly from 1999 to 2004. He has a wife and four children.

On June 2, 2013, Suren Khachatryan's son shot dead Avetik Budaghyan, the brother of Artak Budaghyan, a Nagorno-Karabakh Republic military unit commander in front of Suren Khachatryan's house in Goris. Khachatryan was forced to resign on June 6, 2013, due to public pressure. He was reappointed as the governor of Syunik Province in September 2014 by Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamyan.

He was president of the Syunik provincial council of the Yerkrapah Volunteer Union.

Hovik Abrahamyan
Hovik Argami Abrahamyan (Armenian: Հովիկ Արգամի Աբրահամյան; born 24 January 1959), also known by the nickname Muk (Armenian: Մուկ), is an Armenian politician, former member of the ruling Republican Party, he was the prime minister of Armenia from 13 April 2014 to 8 September 2016. Previously he was the president of the National Assembly of Armenia.
Coining (mint)
Minting, coining or coinage is the process of manufacturing coins using a kind of stamping, the process used in both hammered coinage and milled coinage. This "stamping" process is different from the method used in cast coinage.

A coin die (archaically spelt dye) is one of the two metallic pieces that are used to strike a coin, one per each side of the coin. A die contains an inverse version of the image to be struck on the coin. Striking a coin refers to pressing an image into the blank metal disc, or planchet, and is a term descended from the days when the dies were struck with hammers to deform the metal into the image of the dies.

Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced. Scissel is the scrap produced in the punching of coin blanks from a continuous strip of metal.

Milled coinage
In numismatics, the term milled coinage (also known as machine-struck coinage) is used to describe coins which are produced by some form of machine, rather than by manually hammering coin blanks between two dies (hammered coinage) or casting coins from dies.