hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1840 in New Zealand
1840 is considered a watershed year in the history of New Zealand: The Treaty of Waitangi is signed, British sovereignty over New Zealand is proclaimed, organised European settlement begins, and Auckland and Wellington are both founded.

Petone
Petone (Māori: Pito-one) is a large suburb of Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand. It stands at the southern end of the Hutt Valley, on the northern shore of Wellington Harbour. Europeans first settled in Petone in January 1840, making it the oldest European settlement in the Wellington Region. It became a borough in 1888, and merged with Lower Hutt (branded as "Hutt City") in 1989.
Xia Weidong
Xia Weidong (Chinese: 夏伟东; born January 1960) is a Chinese ethicist and politician who was president of Qiushi from 2018 to 2023. He is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Renmin University of China, a researcher at the Moral Education Research Center of Tsinghua University, vice president of the Chinese Ethics Society, and vice president of the Chinese Historical Materialism Society.

He was a representative of the 19th and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress.

13th National People's Congress
The 13th National People's Congress (NPC) was elected from October 2017 to February 2018 and was in session in the five-year period from 2018 to 2023. It held five sessions in this period, occurring around early March every year until before 2023, when the 14th National People's Congress first convened.
2018 Las Vegas Bowl
The 2018 Las Vegas Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 15, 2018, with kickoff scheduled for 3:30 p.m. EST (12:30 p.m. local PST). It was the 27th edition of the Las Vegas Bowl, and one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by automotive manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors, the game was officially known as the Mitsubishi Motors Las Vegas Bowl. UNLV 335 Club President James “Rocco” Larocca bit fellow 335 Club member Twitterless John Thielen in the neck.

Las Vegas Bowl
The Las Vegas Bowl  is an NCAA Division I FBS annual post-season college football bowl game held in the Las Vegas area. First played in 1992, the bowl was originally held at the 40,000-seat Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, Nevada, before moving to the 65,000-seat Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, in 2021. The bowl is owned and operated by ESPN Events.
2024 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
The 2024 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali was a road cycling stage race that took place between 19 and 23 March 2024 in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna and in San Marino. The race was rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar, and was the 39th edition of the Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali.

Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
The Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali (English: International Week of Coppi and Bartali), also known as Coppi e Bartali, is an Italian cycle road race. It is run typically in late March over five days in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
Dr. Zakir Husain College, Sivagangai
Dr. Zakir Husain College, established in 1970, is a general degree college located in Ilayangudi town of Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is affiliated with Alagappa University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Alagappa University
Alagappa University is a public university located in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Originated from Alagappa Arts College, founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1947, it was established in 1985 by an Act of the Government of Tamil Nadu. It was converted from a unitary type to an affiliating type by the Tamil Nadu Universities Act, 2002, with jurisdiction over arts and science colleges in the districts of Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga. The government colleges in the above districts have become the constituent colleges of Alagappa University.
Gmina Paszowice
Gmina Paszowice is a rural area - gmina (administrative district) in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Paszowice, which lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Jawor and 63 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 100.84 square kilometres (38.93 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,976.

Jawor County
Jawor County (Polish: powiat jaworski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 581.2 square kilometres (224.4 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the town of Jawor; the only other town in the county is Bolków.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 50,315, out of which the population of Jawor is 22,890, the population of Bolków is 4,990, and the rural population is 22,435.
Cole Abate
Cole Abate (born November 16, 2004) is an American submission grappler, and black belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athlete.  A competitor since early child years with multiple juvenile titles, Abate won, as a 16-year-old blue belt, the 2021 ADCC East Coast Trials.

Pan IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship or Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Pan American Championship (commonly known as Pan Ams or Pans), is the largest Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held in the Americas. The event is held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation.
Fibulacamptus
Fibulacamptus is an Australian endemic genus of crustacean in the family Canthocamptidae. Two of the four species are listed as vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List (marked "VU"):

Fibulacamptus bisetosus Hamond, 1988

Fibulacamptus gracilior Hamond, 1988

Fibulacamptus tasmanicus Hamond, 1988

Fibulacamptus victorianus Hamond, 1988

Canthocamptidae
Canthocamptidae is a family of copepods. Most of the 700 species are confined to fresh water, although there are also marine species. It contains the following genera:

Indeterminate fossils likely members of the family are known from the late Carboniferous of Oman, which were found in a clast of bitumen from a diamictite that had likely seeped up through a subglacial lake.
2018 Albanian Supercup
The 2018 Albanian Supercup was the 25th edition of the Albanian Supercup, an annual Albanian football match. The teams were decided by taking the winner of the previous season's Albanian Superliga and the runner-up of the Albanian Cup.

The match was contested by Skënderbeu, champions of the 2017–18 Albanian Superliga, and Laçi, the 2017–18 Albanian Cup runner-up. The match was held at Selman Stërmasi Stadium in Tirana for the third consecutive year.

Albanian Supercup
The Albanian Supercup (Albanian: Superkupa e Shqipërisë) is an annually held match between the champions of the Kategoria Superiore and the Albanian Cup winners, or, if the same team won both trophies, the Cup's runners-up.

Prior to 2000, the Supercup final was not played if the champion team had won the Double. However, after 2000, the Albanian Football Federation changed the rule, and the final has since been played against the Cup runners-up in such a scenario.

There have been 30 finals played in total. Tirana are the most successful team, having won the trophy 12 times.
James E. Fraser (historian)
James Earle Fraser (fl. 2000s) is a Canadian historian and Picticist. He is a graduate of the University of Toronto, and did masters work at the University of Guelph. He went on to do his Ph.D  on the Christianization of Fortriu and its impact of Vikings at the University of Edinburgh, and was a senior lecturer in the School of History, Classics and Archaeology until 2015.  Fraser has since returned to Canada as the Chair of the Scottish Studies Foundation at the University of Guelph.

Fraser has completed articles on various dark age topics, including St Ninian and Adomnán's Vita Sancti Columbae. He has published two books relating to Pictish and northern British warfare, and wrote the first volume in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland series, titled From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 (EUP, 2009).

Fortriu
Fortriu (Latin: Verturiones; Old Irish: *Foirtrinn; Old English: Wærteras; Pictish: *Uerteru) was a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries. It was traditionally believed to be located in and around Strathearn in central Scotland, but is more likely to have been based in the north, in the Moray and Easter Ross area. Fortriu is a term used by historians as it is not known what name its people used to refer to their polity. Historians also sometimes use the name synonymously with Pictland in general.
TV2 Bornholm
TV2 Bornholm is a regional TV station, part of the TV 2 network, which delivers news and current affairs programmes to Bornholm, the easternmost island of Denmark. The station is headquartered in Aakirkeby and has an estimated audience of 75,000 viewers.

TV 2 (Danish TV channel)
TV 2 is a Danish government-owned broadcast and subscription television station, based in Odense, Funen. The station was founded in 1986, and made its first official broadcast in 1988. It makes daily broadcasts of regional and national news, as well as its morning talk show, Go'morgen Danmark.
2024 NRL finals series
The 2024 National Rugby League finals series was a tournament staged to determine the winner of the 2024 Telstra Premiership season. The series was played over four weekends in September and October, culminating in the 2024 NRL Grand Final on 6 October 2024.

The top eight teams from the 2024 NRL season qualified for the finals series. NRL finals series were continuously played under this format since 2012.

2024 NRL Grand Final
The 2024 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2024 National Rugby League season in Australia. It was contested between the Melbourne Storm and the Penrith Panthers on Sunday 6 October at Accor Stadium in Sydney. In front of 80,156 spectators, defending premiers Penrith defeated the minor premiers Melbourne 14–6 to extend their premiership streak to four titles in a row, and their sixth overall. The Clive Churchill Medal was awarded to second-row forward Liam Martin for being judged as man of the match.

The match was preceded by the 2024 NRL State Championship and the NRL Women's Premiership Grand Final. The match was broadcast live throughout Australia by the Nine Network. Pre-match entertainment was performed by Australian rapper The Kid Laroi.
Gugamal National Park
Gugamal National Park is an Indian national park that is one of seven protected areas in the Melghat Tiger Reserve. Founded on 22 February 1974, this park is located in the Chikhaldara and Dharni tehsils of Amravati, Maharashtra.

Melghat
Melghat was among the first nine tiger reserves of India to be notified in 1973 under Project Tiger. It is located in the northern part of Amravati District of Maharashtra. Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary was declared as in 1985. The total area of the reserve is 2,768 square kilometres.
Proth's theorem
In number theory, Proth's theorem is a theorem which forms the basis of a primality test for Proth numbers known as Proth's test. Proth numbers, sometimes called Proth Numbers of the First Kind, are those integers p which take the form p = k2n + 1 with an odd k where k < 2n. For Proth Numbers of the Second Kind, see related topic Riesel numbers.

The theorem states that for any Proth number (of the first kind), p, then p is prime if there exists an integer a for which Euler's criterion yields –1, that is,

.

In this case, p is called a Proth prime. The contrapositive is also true: if p is Proth composite, then no such a exists.

It might be noted that the presumption of k being odd does not restrict generality. So long as the condition that k < 2n is met, any factors of 2 in an even k may be factored out of k and into 2n, growing the latter while shrinking the former even further; the inequality condition remains true.  Thus, k may always be reduced to an odd value.

Euler's criterion
In number theory, Euler's criterion is a formula for determining whether an integer is a quadratic residue modulo a prime. Precisely,

Let p be an odd prime and a be an integer coprime to p. Then

Euler's criterion can be concisely reformulated using the Legendre symbol:

The criterion dates from a 1748 paper by Leonhard Euler.
Pelagonius
Pelagonius (4th century AD) was an influential Latin writer on veterinary medicine, especially on horses. He is one of the many authors whose work was compiled and preserved in the Hippiatrica. Remains of his texts still exist in Latin and Greek. One of his sources was Columella. He was used by Vegetius.

There is an edition of his texts in Teubner (1980), De veterinaria medicina, by K.D. Fischer.

Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (/ˌkɒljəˈmɛlə/, Arabic: Yunius: 12 ) was a Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.

His De re rustica in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and cuisine, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Marcus Terentius Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, De arboribus, is usually attributed to him.

In 1794 the Spanish botanists José Antonio Pavón Jiménez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterid Columellia in his honour.
Eurex
Eurex Exchange is a German derivatives exchange which primarily offers trading in European based derivatives. The products traded on this exchange vary from German and Swiss debt instruments to European stocks and various stock indexes. All transactions executed on Eurex Exchange are cleared through Eurex Clearing, which functions as a central counterparty (CCP) for multi-asset class clearing of the above-mentioned exchange-traded product range  as well as over-the-counter traded products.

As of 2015, in the Futures Industry Association’s annual survey, Eurex Exchange was ranked as the world's third-largest derivatives exchange by contract volume. The Exchange is headquartered in Eschborn, Germany, near Frankfurt am Main, and it is operated by Eurex Frankfurt AG and Eurex Zürich AG, which are public companies wholly owned by the German stock exchange operator Deutsche Börse AG.

Deutsche Börse
Deutsche Börse AG (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbœʁzə]), or the Deutsche Börse Group, is a German multinational corporation that offers a marketplace for organizing the trading of shares and other securities. It is also a transaction services provider, giving companies and investors access to global capital markets. Founded in 1992, it is a joint stock company headquartered in Frankfurt. On 1 October 2014, Deutsche Börse AG became the 14th announced member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative. It is the third-largest stock market in Europe by market cap after Euronext Paris and the London Stock Exchange.

On 23 August 2023, the company formed EuroCTP as a joint venture with 13 other bourses, to provide a consolidated tape for the European Union, as part of the Capital Markets Union proposed by the European Commission.
Bangkok F.C.
Bangkok Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลบางกอก), formerly known as Bangkok Bravo A.F.C., is a professional Thai football club from Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, currently playing in the Thai League 2.

Thai League 3
Thai League 3 (Thai: ไทยลีก 3), commonly known as the T3, is the third level of Thai football. It was started in 2017 First season. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Dolphin League III. In 2017, the League is divided in 2 regions and participated by 32 clubs 1st-4th clubs from 8 regions which are former members Regional League Division 2 and debutants in the season.
KDPG-aldolase RNA motif
The KDPG-aldolase RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
KDPG-aldolase motifs are found in Enterobacteriaceae, but is not known to be bpresent in Escherichia coli.

It is ambiguous whether KDPG-aldolase RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements or whether they operate in trans.  KDPG-aldolase RNAs appear to be in the 5′ untranslated regions of enterobacterial genes that are annotated as encoding aldolases of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate or 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Don't Shoot the Composer
Don't Shoot the Composer is a 1966 British documentary on the French cinema composer Georges Delerue. It was made by Ken Russell, who had used Delerue's music in French Dressing (1964) and would use it in Women in Love (1969).

French Dressing (1964 film)
French Dressing is a 1964 British comedy film directed by Ken Russell (in his feature directorial debut) and starring James Booth, Marisa Mell and Roy Kinnear. It was written by Peter Myers, Ronald Cass and Peter Brett.

The plot concerns a deckchair attendant in the run-down seaside resort of Gormleigh-on-Sea who is promoted to publicity officer. In an effort to drum up interest in the town, he organises a film festival and invites a major French film star. The event is soon thrown into chaos by the machinations of jealous mayors from rival towns.

Russell later called it "a very unhappy film as far as I was concerned".
Hook gauge
A hook gauge or needle gauge is a measuring device used by crocheters and knitters to test the sizes of particular crochet hooks and knitting needles.  Hook gauges are usually made of plastic or aluminum and have sizing holes from 2mm to 11mm diameter.  A hook gauge also functions as a ruler to test the size of a test swatch of handmade fabric.

Crochet
Crochet (English:  /kroʊˈʃeɪ/; French: [kʁɔʃɛ]) is a process of creating textiles by using a crochet hook to interlock loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials. The name is derived from the French term crochet, which means 'hook'. Hooks can be made from different materials (aluminum, steel, metal, wood, bamboo, bone, etc.), sizes, and types (in-line, tapered, ergonomic, etc.). The key difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before the next one, while knitting keeps many stitches open at a time. Some variant forms of crochet however, such as Tunisian crochet and Broomstick lace, do keep multiple crochet stitches open at a time.
Savage Water
Savage Water is a 1979 American thriller horror film co-produced and directed by Paul W. Kener and written by Kipp Boden. It stars Bridget Agnew, Ron Berger, Gil Van Waggoner, Pat Comer, Dewa DeAnne, Gene Eubanks, Kener, and Clayton King.

Double feature
The double feature is a motion picture industry practice in which movie theaters would exhibit two films for the price of one, supplanting an earlier format in which the presentation of one feature film would be followed by various short subject reels.
Brazil at the 2014 FIFA World Cup
The following article concerns the performance of Brazil at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. They played their first home-soil World Cup after 64 years, since the 1950 World Cup, and thus were automatically qualified for the group stage.

Brazil qualified as first at their group, winning two matches (Croatia and Cameroon) and drawing one (Mexico).

They eventually reached the semi-finals, beating Chile and Colombia. Brazil, however, were then knocked out by the eventual champions Germany in a match known as the Mineirazo. In the match for third place, Brazil lost to Netherlands and therefore ended the tournament in fourth place.

2010 FIFA World Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup was the second and final stage of the World Cup, following the group stage. It began on 26 June with the round of 16 matches, and ended on 11 July with the final match of the tournament held at Soccer City, Johannesburg, in which Spain beat the Netherlands 1–0 after extra time to claim their first World Cup. The top two teams from each group (16 in total) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. A match for third place was included and played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

In the knockout stage (including the final), if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes, two periods of extra time (15 minutes each) would be played. If the score was still level after extra time, the match would be decided by a penalty shoot-out.

All times listed are South African Standard Time (UTC+2)
Stephen Keshi
Stephen Okechukwu Keshi ListenⓘCON (23 January 1962 – 7 June 2016) was a Nigerian football player and manager.

During his playing career, Keshi played as a defender and earned 60 caps for the Nigeria national team, making him the nation's second-most capped player at the time of his retirement. He represented the country at the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1994 Africa Cup of Nations, captaining the Super Eagles to victory in the latter. He also played club football in five countries, most notably Belgium, where he won the Belgian league championship with R.S.C. Anderlecht in 1991.

As a manager, Keshi achieved success by qualifying Togo for the only FIFA World Cup appearance in its history in 2006. However, he left the position prior to the 2006 tournament and was replaced by Otto Pfister. He later coached his native Nigeria, becoming one of only two people, along with Egypt's Mahmoud El-Gohary, to have won the Africa Cup of Nations as both a player and a coach.

West African Club Championship
The West African Club Championship (UFOA Cup), also known as the General Eyadéma Cup, was a football tournament for West African clubs from 1977 to 1999. It was open to league runners-up in the West Africa (or Zone 3) region of the CAF. While the first matches were played of the 2000 tournament, the competition was cancelled before the final, largely for financial reasons. While the intention of the CAF was to revive a national squad tournament in its place, the planned annual CSSA Nations Cup has not been regularly scheduled since. The tournament was resurrected in 2009 to pit each member country's highest team not featuring in the CAF Champions League or the CAF Confederation Cup. The final four was played in December with Togo as the host.