hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chrysorthenches glypharcha
Chrysorthenches glypharcha is a species of moth in the family Plutellidae. It was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1919. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the North and South Islands. This species inhabits native forest with Podocarpus trees present. The larva and pupa of this species is currently unknown but the adults are on the wing in February, October and November. The adult moths are associated with Podocarpus totara and Podocarpus laetus.

Plutellidae
The Plutellidae are a family of moths commonly known as the diamondback moths, named after the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) of European origin. It was once considered to have three subfamilies: Plutellinae, Praydinae, and Scythropiinae. Praydinae was later elevated to its own family, Praydidae, while Scythropiinae has variously been moved to Yponomeutidae or also elevated to its own family.
Degree-constrained spanning tree
In graph theory, a degree-constrained spanning tree is a spanning tree where the maximum vertex degree is limited to a certain constant k. The degree-constrained spanning tree problem is to determine whether a particular graph has such a spanning tree for a particular k.

Spanning tree
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a spanning tree T of an undirected graph G is a subgraph that is a tree which includes all of the vertices of G. In general, a graph may have several spanning trees, but a graph that is not connected will not contain a spanning tree (see about spanning forests below). If all of the edges of G are also edges of a spanning tree T of G, then G is a tree and is identical to T (that is, a tree has a unique spanning tree and it is itself).
Paralogistis litholeuca
Paralogistis litholeuca is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Mozambique and Gauteng, South Africa. Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms gives this name as a synonym of Paralogistis ochrura.

The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are grey whitish finely irrorated (sprinkled) with blackish. The markings are formed of coarser black irroration: some undefined suffusion towards the base of the costa, a dot beneath the fold at an irregular raised transverse mark from the dorsum before the middle of the wing reaching somewhat beyond the fold, and a round submedian dot above the tornus. The hindwings are grey.

Scythrididae
Scythrididae (flower moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The family is sometimes included in the Xyloryctidae as a subfamily Scythridinae, but the Xyloryctidae themselves have sometimes been included in the Oecophoridae as subfamily. Scythrididae adults are smallish to mid-sized moths, which when at rest appear teardrop-shaped.
Edgar Township, Edgar County, Illinois
Edgar Township is one of fifteen townships in Edgar County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 452 and it contained 201 housing units. Previously named Bloomfield Township, it received its current name on May 9, 1857.

Paris Community Unit School District No. 4
Paris Community Unit School District No. 4 (Paris CUSD 4) is a school district headquartered in Paris, Illinois. It operates a single school, Crestwood School.

Students in Kindergarten through 8th Grade attend Crestwood School. High school students attend Paris Cooperative High School.

It serves small portions of the Paris city limits and most of the surrounding unincorporated areas, as well as Vermilion.
Texaco Hurler of the Year
The Texaco Hurler of the Year was a hurling award, created in 1958, that honoured the achievements of a hurler of outstanding excellence. It was part of the Texaco Sportstars Awards, in which Irish sportspeople from all fields were honoured.

The award was presented annually to the hurler considered to have performed the best over the previous year in the Hurling Championship. Voting for the award was undertaken by a select group of journalists from television and the print media. The award itself was 14 inches high.

This award was separate from the All Stars Hurler of the Year, awarded by the GAA since 1995, as part of the GAA All Stars Awards.

The award was discontinued in 2012 after Texaco withdrew their sponsorship.

GAA/GPA Hurler of the Year
The GAA–GPA All-Star Hurler of the Year is a hurling award presented to the player voted as best in the country by all the players from around Ireland. It began in 1995 and honours the achievements of a hurler of outstanding excellence.

Kilkenny players have won the award 10 out of 29 times, ahead of Limerick with five wins and Clare four times.

The award's youngest winner was Tony Kelly, who won at the age of 19 in 2013. Henry Shefflin and Cian Lynch are the only players to have won the award more than once. The oldest winner is also Henry Shefflin, who was 33 when he won in 2012. Limerick are the only county to have had all three nominees come from the one county in a given year (twice).

In 2011 the Gaelic Athletic Association and the Gaelic Players' Association announced that their respective annual player awards schemes were to merge under the sponsorship of Opel. The first merged awards were presented in 2011.
Apayao's at-large congressional district
Apayao's at-large congressional district refers to the lone congressional district of the Philippines in the province of Apayao. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1998. It was previously included in Kalinga-Apayao's at-large congressional district from 1969 to 1998. The district is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Eleonor Bulut Begtang of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC).

Apayao
Apayao, officially the Province of Apayao (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Apayao; Itawit: Provinsiya ya Apayao; Isnag: Provinsia nga Apayao; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Apayao), is a landlocked province in the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.  Kabugao serves as its capital. The provincial capitol and its associated offices are located at the New Government Center in Luna.

The province borders Cagayan to the north and east, Abra and Ilocos Norte to the west, and Kalinga to the south. Prior to 1995, Kalinga and Apayao comprised a single province named Kalinga-Apayao, which was partitioned to better service the needs of individual ethnic groups.

With a population of 124,366 (as of the 2020 census) covering an area of 4,413.35 square kilometres (1,704.00 sq mi), Apayao is the least densely-populated province in the Philippines, the least developed province in Luzon and one of the poorest.
Bêka & Lemoine
Bêka & Lemoine (Ila Bêka and Louise Lemoine) are artists, filmmakers and researchers working at the crossroads of visual arts, non-fiction cinema and architecture. Working together since 2005 they have been experimenting with new narrative and cinematic forms to explore how people experience, perceive, and relate to space from an emotional, social, and cultural standpoint. The duo has been described by the Barbican Center as one of the most important architectural artists working today. In 2016, MoMA, Museum of Modern Art in New York, acquired their entire body of work—16 films at the time—which now forms part of its permanent collection. The acquisition of an artist's complete body of work by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an exceptionally rare honor for a living artist.

MAXXI
MAXXI (Italian: Museo nazionale delle arti del XXI secolo, 'national museum of 21st-century arts') is a national museum of contemporary art and architecture in the Flaminio neighborhood of Rome, Italy. The museum is managed by a foundation created by the Italian Ministry of Culture. The building was designed by Zaha Hadid, and won the Stirling Prize of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2010.
Cigarette smokers problem
The cigarette smokers problem is a classic concurrency problem in computer science, introduced by Suhas Patil in 1971. It illustrates synchronization challenges in multi-process systems, where multiple processes (smokers) compete for limited resources (ingredients) provided by a single agent. The problem is notable for its constraints, such as the immutability of the agent's behavior and the prohibition of conditional statements in solutions, which have been subjects of criticism.

Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency refers to the ability of a system to execute multiple tasks through simultaneous execution or time-sharing (context switching), sharing resources and managing interactions. Concurrency improves responsiveness, throughput, and scalability in modern computing, including:

Operating systems and embedded systems

Distributed systems, parallel computing, and high-performance computing

Database systems, web applications, and cloud computing
St. Gallen State Archive
The St. Gallen State Archive (German: Staatsarchiv des Kantons St. Gallen) is the archive for the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Since the canton was founded in 1803, it has preserved the records relating to the cantonal authorities, the cantonal administration and the institutions of the state. It also contains records from the legal predecessors of today's canton. Organisationally, the State Archive is part of the Department of the Interior, located in the Office of Culture.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Civettictis braini
Civettictis braini is an extinct species of civet  that lived in South Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene.

Civettictis braini differs significantly from the extant African civet in its dental proportions. Its canine and three premolars are relatively robust, and its carnassials and two molars are extremely reduced. Fossils have been found at the Kromdraai site and have been dated to around 2 million years ago.

Civet
A civet (/ˈsɪvɪt/) is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species's diversity is found in southeast Asia. Civets do not form a monophyletic group, as they consist only of certain members of the Viverridae and Eupleridae.

The African civet, Civettictis civetta, has historically been the main species from which a musky scent used in perfumery, also referred to as "civet", was obtained.
2018 FIBA Under-15 Women's Oceania Championship
The 2018 FIBA Under-15 Women's Oceania Championship was the fifth edition of the FIBA Under-15 Women's Oceania Championship. The tournament was played in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, from 4 to 8 December 2018.

FIBA U15 Women's Oceania Cup
The FIBA U15 Women's Oceania Cup, formerly known as the FIBA Under-15 Women's Oceania Championship, is an international girls' basketball tournament in the FIBA Oceania zone, inaugurated in 2009. The current champions are Australia.

Before 2017, the competition was known as the FIBA Oceania Under-16 Championship for Women, which was a qualifier for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup. Now it is an under-15 competition for Oceania teams to qualify for the FIBA Under-16 Women's Asia Cup (from which they can qualify for the World Cup).
College of Medicine of Maryland
The College of Medicine of Maryland, or also known since 1959 as Davidge Hall, is a historic domed structure in Baltimore, Maryland. It has been in continuous use for medical education since 1813, the oldest such structure in the United States. A wide pediment stands in front of a low, domed drum structure, which housed the anatomical theater. A circular chemistry hall was housed on the lower level under the anatomical theater.

Robert Cary Long Jr.
Robert Cary Long Jr. (1810–1849) was the son of a late 18th Century - early 19th Century famous architect Robert Cary Long Sr. of Baltimore, Maryland and was himself a well-known 19th Century architect. Like his father, Cary was based in Baltimore.
Timeline of nuclear power
This timeline of nuclear power is an incomplete chronological summary of significant events in the study and use of nuclear power. This is primarily limited to sustained fission and decay processes, and does not include detailed timelines of nuclear weapons development or fusion experiments.

BORAX experiments
The BORAX Experiments were a series of safety experiments on boiling water nuclear reactors conducted by Argonne National Laboratory in the 1950s and 1960s at the National Reactor Testing Station in eastern Idaho. They were performed using the five BORAX reactors that were designed and built by Argonne. BORAX-III was the first nuclear reactor to supply electrical power to the grid in the United States in 1955.
Rapid Action Boat Squadron
The Rapid Action Boat Squadron (RABS) (in Sinhalese: "ක්ෂණික ක්‍රියාකාරී යාත්‍රා බලඝණය" Ksanika Vihidum Yathra Balaghanaya) is a force element squadron of the Sri Lanka Navy that provides expertise in small boat operations in support of littoral operations, amphibious and riverine activities. The unit is equipped with Inshore Patrol Crafts (IPC)s and Arrow speed boats that provide high degree of firepower along with high speed and maneuverability.

Sea Tigers
The Sea Tigers (Tamil: கடற்புலிகள் Kaţaṛpulikaḷ) was the naval wing of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It was founded in 1984. The Sea Tigers had a number of small but effective suicide bomber vessels. During its existence it had gained a reputation as a capable adversary for the Sri Lankan Navy. During the civil war, the Sea Tigers had sunk at least 29 Sri Lankan small inshore patrol boats, 20 Dvora-class fast patrol boats, 3 gunboats, 2 large surveillance command ships, and one freighter.

The Sea Tigers were led by Soosai, with their main base at Mullaitivu, on the north-eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Their last base was taken when the Sri Lanka Army captured Chalai in Mullaitivu in February 2009.
Seal Beach, California
Seal Beach is a coastal city in Orange County, California, United States. It was originally known as Bay City before it was incorporated into Orange County under its current name on October 24, 1911. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,242, up from 24,168 at the 2010 census.

Seal Beach is located in the westernmost corner of Orange County. To the northwest, just across the border with Los Angeles County, lies the city of Long Beach and the adjacent San Pedro Bay. To the southeast are Huntington Harbour, a neighborhood of Huntington Beach, and Sunset Beach, also part of Huntington Beach. To the east lie the city of Westminster and the neighborhood of West Garden Grove, part of the city of Garden Grove. To the north lie the unincorporated community of Rossmoor and the city of Los Alamitos. A majority of the city's acreage is devoted to the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach military base.

Huntington Harbour, Huntington Beach, California
Huntington Harbour is a community of about 3,500 people located in the northwestern section of Huntington Beach in Orange County, California. Huntington Harbour is a residential development of 680 acres (280 ha) which includes five man-made islands with waterways varying from 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6.1 m) in depth used for boating.  The five islands in Huntington Harbour include: Admiralty, Davenport, Gilbert, Humboldt, and Trinidad.
Édouard Close
Édouard Nicolas Henri Charles Close (8 July 1929 – 2 March 2017) was a Belgian politician and member of the former Socialist Party (PSB). He served as the mayor of Liège, one of Belgium's largest cities, for thirteen years from 1976 to 1990. Close had also served as the interior minister of Belgium during the first government of Prime Minister Edmond Leburton from 26 January 1973 until 23 April 1974.

Close died on 2 March 2017 at the age of 87.

Edmond Leburton
Edmond Jules Isidore Leburton (18 April 1915 – 15 June 1997) was a Belgian politician who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1973 to 1974.

He first entered Parliament representing Huy, Belgium.
Sustainable dentistry
Sustainable dentistry is when a dental organization voluntarily embeds corporate social responsibility into its organizational culture through the creation of a sustainability policy that outlines its commitment to and strategy for internally and externally focusing all its activities on realizing a triple bottom line, i.e. economic prosperity, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship.

Managing sustainability in dentistry, therefore, is the implementation, monitoring, and adjusting of what this sustainability policy entails within a dental organization. Dental practices can uphold sustainable dentistry by reducing their carbon footprint through various methods such as monitoring product procurement.

Triple bottom line
The triple bottom line (or otherwise noted as TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and economic. Some organizations have adopted the TBL framework to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value. Business writer John Elkington claims to have coined the phrase in 1994.
Deaths in August 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

UCC GAA
UCC is a football and hurling club associated with University College Cork. UCC teams play in the Cork Senior Football Championship and Cork Senior Hurling Championship as well as the two main third-level competitions namely the Sigerson Cup in football, the Fitzgibbon Cup in hurling and the Ashbourne Cup in camogie.  They also competed against inter-county sides in the pre-season McGrath Cup (football) and Waterford Crystal Cup (hurling). The piratical skull and crossbones logo on the team shirt, which first appeared on the rugby team of what was then known as Queen’s College Cork (composed mostly of medical students, hence the bones) was appropriated in the mid-1910s by the GAA clubs, and in 1929 by the UCC hockey club.
Mysuru–Varanasi Express
The Mysuru–Varanasi Superfast Express is an Superfast Express train belonging to the South Western Railway zone in India. It runs twice a week between Mysuru Junction and Varanasi Junction, using train numbers 22687/22688.

Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station
Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station, formerly and colloquially knows as Allahabad Chheoki railway station (station code: PCOI), is one of the major railways stations (besides Prayagraj Junction railway station) located in Prayagraj district. Chheoki is at a distance of 10 km from Prayagraj Junction on the Howrah–Delhi main line. Trains that bypass Prayagraj Junction and which come from Jabalpur and go towards Mughalsarai usually stop at Chheoki. To reduce the load on the main junction, trains were shifted to Chheoki. Chheoki has three platforms that are  high-level platforms and one UTS.
Caulerpa cupressoides
Caulerpa cupressoides, commonly known as cactus tree alga, is a species of seaweed in the Caulerpaceae family. Green alge of Caulerpa genus are salty and pungent in style and are consumed by several marine cultures around the world.

Nociception
In physiology, nociception /ˌnəʊsɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, also nocioception (from Latin  nocere 'to harm/hurt'), is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.

In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., capsaicin present in chili pepper or cayenne pepper), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of sensory neurons called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers to the brain. Nociception triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral responses to protect the organism against an aggression, and usually results in a subjective experience, or perception, of pain in sentient beings.
Babyfingers
Babyfingers is an EP by avant garde/experimental rock band The Residents, containing music written for their 1977 album, Fingerprince. While the EP was released in 1979, most of its tracks premiered on The Residents' Radio Special in September 1977. The EP was initially sent to mail-order customers who had been waiting for their copy of the Third Reich 'N' Roll collector's box set. It was later sent to members of the W.E.I.R.D. fan club.

The EP is now out of print, but all of its music has been incorporated into most CD editions of Fingerprince.

The Third Reich 'n Roll
The Third Reich 'n Roll is the second studio album by the American experimental rock band the Residents, released on Ralph Records in 1976. The album consists of two side-long suites of "'semi-phonetic' interpretations of Top 40 rock and roll from the Sixties."

The album generated some controversy due to its cover art and Nazi imagery (promotional photos featured the Residents dressed as giant swastikas and wearing oversized swastika glasses). A window display in Berkeley was met with protests and threats of violence. Regardless, it is considered one of the group's masterworks along with most of their material from the 1970s.
Michigan's 107th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 107th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 107th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Cheboygan, Chippewa, and Mackinac counties, as well as all of Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.

Mackinac County, Michigan
Mackinac County (/ˈmækənɔː/ MAK-ə-naw, locally /ˈmækənə/ MAK-ə-nə) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,834. The county seat is St. Ignace. Formerly known as Michilimackinac County, in 1818 it was one of the first counties of the Michigan Territory, as it had long been a center of French and British colonial fur trading, a Catholic church and Protestant mission, and associated settlement. The county's name is shortened from "Michilimackinac", which referred to the Straits of Mackinac area as well as the French settlement at the tip of the lower peninsula. Mackinac County is one of two U.S. counties to feature shorelines on two Great Lakes, being Lake Huron and Lake Michigan (the other county being neighboring Chippewa County).
Yadani Kofun
Yadani Kofun (矢谷古墳)  is a Yayoi period burial mound, located in the Higashisakaya neighborhood of the city of Miyoshi, Hiroshima in the San'yō region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979.  Although it is referred to popularly as a kofun, the Yandani Tumulus predates the Kofun period and its structure has significant differences from burial mounds of the Kofun period.

Miyoshi, Hiroshima
Miyoshi (三次市, Miyoshi-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 49,106 in 23154 households and a population density of 63 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 778.14 square kilometres (300.44 sq mi).