hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
District magistrate
The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territory. Each of these posts has distinct responsibilities, and an officer can assume all of these roles at once. The district magistrate is primarily responsible for maintaining law and order, while the district collector focuses on land revenue administration, and the deputy commissioner is in charge of overseeing developmental activities and coordinates government departments. Additionally, they also serve as election officers, registrar, marriage officer, licensing authority, and managing disaster responses, among other things. While the specific scope of duties may vary from state to state, they are generally similar. The district magistrate comes under the general supervision of divisional commissioner.

Arms Act, 1959
The Arms Act, 1959 is an Act of the Parliament of India to consolidate and amend the law relating to arms and ammunition in order to curb illegal weapons and violence stemming from them. It replaced the Indian Arms Act, 1878.

The Arms Act was passed in 1959.
Camp Reynolds
Camp Reynolds was a World War II United States Army facility from 1942 to '46. Its original name was Shenango Personnel Replacement Depot (commonly referred to as Camp Shenango). On September 21, 1943, it was renamed Camp Reynolds after PA Civil War hero Major General John Fulton Reynolds who was killed on July 1, the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. The camp was located in Pymatuning  & Delaware Township in Mercer County, Pennsylvania.

In 1994, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission placed a historical marker there to note the historic importance of the location.

Mercer County, Pennsylvania
Mercer County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 110,652. Its county seat is Mercer, and its largest city is Hermitage. The county is part of the Northwest Pennsylvania region of the state.

Mercer County compromises the Hermitage, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Greater Pittsburgh area.
Soil moisture velocity equation
The soil moisture velocity equation describes the speed that water moves vertically through unsaturated soil under the combined actions of gravity and capillarity, a process known as infiltration.  The equation is alternative form of the Richardson/Richards' equation.  The key difference being that the dependent variable is the position of the wetting front , which is a function of time, the water content and media properties.  The soil moisture velocity equation consists of two terms.  The first "advection-like" term was developed to simulate surface infiltration  and was extended to the water table, which was verified using data collected in a column experimental that was patterned after the famous experiment by Childs & Poulovassilis (1962) and against exact solutions.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.
Hirzenhain
Hirzenhain (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪʁtsn̩ˌhaɪn]) is a municipality in the Wetteraukreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located approximately 45 kilometers northeast of Frankfurt am Main. It has a population of around 2,800.

Wetteraukreis
The Wetteraukreis is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany. Neighbouring districts are Landkreis Gießen, Vogelsbergkreis, Main-Kinzig-Kreis, district-free Stadt Frankfurt, Hochtaunuskreis and Lahn-Dill-Kreis.
Oregon's 9th House district
District 9 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes portions of Coos, Douglas, and Lane counties. The current representative for the district is Republican Boomer Wright of Reedsport.

Douglas County, Oregon
Douglas County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,201. The county seat is Roseburg. The county is named after Stephen A. Douglas, an American politician who supported Oregon statehood. Douglas County comprises the Roseburg, Oregon micropolitan statistical area. In area, Douglas County is the largest county west of the Oregon Cascades.
Ordine Nero
The Black Order (Italian: Ordine nero) was an Italian neo-fascist terrorist organization founded in 1974 following the dissolution of the terror group Ordine Nuovo. Between 1974 and 1978, bombings by ON led to a number of woundings and deaths, having orchestrated several deadly bombings and murders such as the 1974 Italicus Express Bombing and the in 1974 Brescia Bombing.

Neo-fascism
Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology which includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, ultraconservatism, racial supremacy, right-wing populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sentiment, as well as opposition to social democracy, parliamentarianism, Marxism, communism, socialism, liberalism, neoliberalism, and liberal democracy.
Gross world product
The gross world product (GWP), also known as gross world income (GWI), is the combined gross national income (previously, the "gross national product") of all the countries in the world. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately 75.59 trillion United States dollars. In 2017, according to the CIA's World Factbook, the GWP was around $80.27 trillion in nominal terms and totaled approximately 127.8 trillion international dollars in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The per capita PPP GWP in 2017 was approximately 17,500 international dollars according to the World Factbook. According to the World Bank, the 2020 GWP in current dollars was approximately $84.705 trillion.

Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a market basket at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs and other transaction costs.

The purchasing power parity indicator can be used to compare economies regarding their gross domestic product (GDP), labour productivity and actual individual consumption, and in some cases to analyse price convergence and to compare the cost of living between places. The calculation of the PPP, according to the OECD, is made through a basket of goods that contains a "final product list [that] covers around 3,000 consumer goods and services, 30 occupations in government, 200 types of equipment goods and about 15 construction projects".
Residencial Nemesio R. Canales
Residencial Nemesio R. Canales is an apartment complex in San Juan, Puerto Rico. One of the largest residenciales in Puerto Rico with 1,500 apartments, the complex is adjacent to the Caribbean's largest mall and second largest in Latin America, Plaza Las Americas. It is also steps away from both Roberto Clemente Coliseum and the Hiram Bithorn Stadium. The place is named after Nemesio Canales, a well known Puerto Rican essayist, writer, journalist and politician.

The residencial features a public school and a Pentecostal church, the "Iglesia de Dios Pentecostal M.I. del Residencial Nemesio R. Canales".

Plaza Las Américas (Puerto Rico)
Plaza Las Américas is a shopping mall in Hato Rey, San Juan, Puerto Rico, located at the intersection of Routes 18 and 22. "Plaza", as it is known to many Puerto Ricans, was the first indoor shopping mall built in Puerto Rico. It is the largest shopping mall in the Caribbean and the second largest in Latin America. Anchor stores are JCPenney, Macy's, Old Navy, Caribbean Cinemas and Marshalls. Previously, there was a Kmart store near the mall and a Sears Brand Central. The mall is home to the world's largest Romano's Macaroni Grill restaurant.
Tom Lockyer
Thomas Alun Lockyer (born 3 December 1994) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a centre back for EFL League Two club Bristol Rovers. At international level he played for the Wales national team.

Lockyer played for Radyr Rangers, Cardiff City and Bristol Rovers at youth level before making his senior debut for Bristol Rovers in 2013. He joined Charlton Athletic in 2019, before departing the club a season later for Luton Town. Having been Luton's captain since the 2022–23 season, he was part of the squad that won Luton the first promotion to the Premier League in the club's history. During a Premier League match on 16 December 2023, Lockyer suffered a cardiac arrest on the pitch; he was resuscitated and was later fitted with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

2022–23 EFL Championship
The 2022–23 EFL Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 7th season of the EFL Championship under its current title and the 31st season under its current league division format.

The season started on 29 July 2022 and ended on 8 May 2023. Due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, the Championship took a 4-week break mid-season during the tournament. The break commenced in mid-November and the first round of fixtures after the World Cup was held on 10 December.
ISO 3166-2:CG
ISO 3166-2:CG is the entry for the Republic of the Congo (called simply "Congo" in the standard) in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for the Republic of the Congo, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 12 departments. All subdivisions changed their status to departments in 2002.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CG, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the Republic of the Congo. The second part is either of the following:

three letters: Brazzaville

a number: remaining departments

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
National Front of Catalonia (2013)
The National Front of Catalonia (Catalan: Front Nacional de Catalunya, FNC) is a Catalan far-right and pro-independence political party, presented in 2013. It had a local councilor in Ripoll between 2019 and 2020. Their main ideological principles are Catalan nationalism and opposition to irregular immigration.

National Front of Catalonia
The National Front of Catalonia (Catalan: Front Nacional de Catalunya, FNC) was a Catalan nationalist party which was active between 1940 and 1990. The FNC was created in 1940 by former members of the Estat Català and the Catalan Nationalist Party, with the latter dissolving and splitting its membership between the Estat Català and the FNC. The main goals of the FNC were to present an opposing front to the Spanish State of caudillo Franco and to advocate for Catalan independence. In 1946, the FNC became an officially independent party by breaking its relationship with the Estat Català.
Cupul
Cupul or Kupul (Maya: Kupul, 'toponym; adjective') was the name of a Maya chiefdom at time of the Spanish conquest of Yucatán. Cupul was one of the most extensive and densely populated Maya provinces on the Yucatán Peninsula. It was formed in the mid-fifteenth century after the fall of Mayapan and reached its maximum power during the sixteenth century, at the time of their own Spanish conquest led by the adelantado Francisco de Montejo.

Cocom
The Cocom or Cocomes were a Maya family or dynasty who controlled the Yucatán Peninsula in the late Postclassic period. Their capital was at Mayapan. The dynasty was founded by Hunac Ceel, and was overthrown sometime between 1440 and 1441 by Ah Xupan of the Xiu lineage.

The Cocom family continued to live as a leading political power, even in modern-day Yucatan as official political representatives.
Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange
Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange (Chinese: 香港商品交易所; abbreviated as HKMEx) was an electronic commodities exchange established in Hong Kong for the trading of commodity futures, options and other financial derivatives.  The exchange was originally pitched as a platform to trade oil futures.  In fact, it ended up trading mainly silver and gold futures.

The exchange provided standardised, cleared, and exchange-traded products on a transparent pricing platform to the Asia-Pacific time zone. It was created to eliminate market liquidity risks associated with Asian market participants trading in faraway commodities exchanges such as New York and London.

On 18 May 2013, the exchange ceased to trade upon surrendering its authorisation to provide automated trading services. The Hong Kong Police made a series of arrests in connection with the exchange, and its chairman, Barry Cheung was sentenced to four years in prison over his role in the exchange.

London Metal Exchange
The London Metal Exchange (LME) is a futures and forwards exchange in London, United Kingdom with the world's largest market in standardised forward contracts, futures contracts and options on base metals. The exchange also offers contracts on ferrous metals and precious metals. The company also allows for cash trading. It offers hedging, worldwide reference pricing, and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts.
Judah (given name)
Judah is a masculine given name of Hebrew origin. It is the English form of Yehudah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה‎), the Hebrew name of the biblical figure Judah, founder of the Tribe of Judah and thus, the eponym of the Kingdom of Judah and the Jews.

Judas Maccabeus
Judas Maccabaeus or Maccabeus (/ˌmækəˈbiːəs/ MAK-ə-BEE-əs), also known as Judah Maccabee (Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, romanized: Yehudah HaMakabi), was a Jewish priest (kohen) and a son of the priest Mattathias. He was an early leader in the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, taking over from his father around 166 BCE, and leading the revolt until his death in 160 BCE.

The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BC after Judah Maccabee removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses and purified it.
Susan Cachel
Susan Cachel (born 1949) is an American anthropologist, paleontologist, and researcher who specializes in primate evolution. In 2009, she was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her work in the field of primate evolution.

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellowship  of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (FAAAS) is an honor accorded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to distinguished persons who are members of the Association. Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for "efforts on behalf of the advancement of science or its applications [which] are scientifically or socially distinguished".

Examples of areas in which nominees may have made significant contributions are research; teaching; technology; services to 
professional societies; administration in academe, industry, and government; and communicating and interpreting science to the public. The association has awarded fellowships since 1874. AAAS publishes annual update of active Fellows list, which also provides email address to verify status of non-active Fellows. See also Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for more examples.
Stanford in the Vale
Stanford in the Vale is a village and civil parish in the Vale of White Horse about 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Faringdon and 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Wantage. It is part of the historic county of Berkshire, however since 1974, it has been administered as a part of Oxfordshire. The 2021 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,302.

Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society
The Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society (OAHS) has existed in one form or another since at least 1839, although with its current name only since 1972. Its annual publication, Oxoniensia, has been produced since 1936.
Abortion in Ecuador
Abortion in Ecuador is illegal except when performed in the case of a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman (when this threat cannot be averted by other means) or when the pregnancy is the result of rape, including but not only a sexual crime against a mentally disabled woman where her legal representative has consented to the abortion. In 2021, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador ruled for the decriminalization of abortion in all cases of rape.

The Ministry of Public Health provides guidelines on therapeutic abortion.

In 2013 then president Rafael Correa threatened to resign if the abortion law was liberalized. As of 2015, nearly 100 criminal cases of illegal abortion were under investigation.

In 2015, Ecuador was urged by CEDAW to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape and incest (under law abortion at the time it was legal only if the woman is mentally disabled) and severe fetal impairment (which is also illegal).

Constitutional Court of Ecuador
The  Constitutional Court of Ecuador (Spanish: Corte Constitucional del Ecuador), previously the Constitutional Tribunal of Ecuador (Tribunal Constitucional del Ecuador), is the constitutional court of Ecuador.
Tiny Mills
Henry W. Mittlestadt (December 7, 1912 to June 24, 1987), best known by his ring name, Tiny Mills, was a Canadian professional wrestler. He often teamed with his brother Al Mills as the tag team Murder Incorporated (Murder Inc.). Later on Stan "Krusher" Kowalski would replace Al Mills as part of Murder Incorporated.

American Wrestling Association
The American Wrestling Association (AWA) was an American professional wrestling promotion based in Minneapolis, Minnesota that ran from 1960 until 1991. It was founded by Verne Gagne and Wally Karbo. The promotion was born out of the Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, originally founded in 1933, which served as the Minnesota-based territory of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 1948 onward, before breaking away from the NWA and becoming an independent territory in 1960.
August 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 19

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 18, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 5.

August 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 4 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 6

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 18 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 5, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 23.
Rocco Milde
Rocco Milde (born 8 June 1969) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward. Milde had a much-travelled career, but is best remembered as a Dynamo Dresden player, having had three separate spells with the club.

FDGB-Pokal
The FDGB-Pokal (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund Pokal or Free German Trade Union Federation Cup) was an elimination football tournament held annually in East Germany. It was the second most important national title in East German football after the DDR-Oberliga championship. The founder of the competition was East Germany's major trade union.
I & I Survived
I & I Survived is the seventh full-length studio album by American rock band Bad Brains.

This album inverts the emphasis of Bad Brains' previous albums, which stress their punk/metal/hard rock side alongside touches of reggae. In contrast, I & I Survived is a mostly instrumental offering emphasizing reggae, ska, and dub elements (including a horn section on several songs) with only occasional forays into hard rock and punk music. The voice of band vocalist H.R. does appear on the album, albeit in sampled form from previous albums.

The album includes new songs alongside completely revamped remakes of a few Bad Brains classics such as 1983's "How Low Can a Punk Get?", two versions of the Quickness classic "Gene Machine", and a dancehall reggae version of the usually mellow "I & I Survive".

Critic Todd Kristel of Allmusic.com gave the album 3-out-of-5 stars, describing it as "a solid effort even if it doesn't break a lot of new ground".

Quickness
Quickness (also known as With the Quickness) is the fourth full-length studio album by American rock band Bad Brains. At the time of its release, it was the best selling Bad Brains album and also featured an MTV video for the lead-off track "Soul Craft" directed by Paul Rachman who later went on to produce and direct the feature documentary American Hardcore. Drummer Earl Hudson, though pictured on the cover, does not play on the record, as drum parts were instead performed by Mackie Jayson of the Cro-Mags. In an interview with MTV, guitarist Dr. Know said that the album's title comes from urgency and swiftness.
Salvia chamelaeagnea
Salvia chamelaeagnea is a species of flowering plant in genus Salvia, known as sages. It is endemic to South Africa, where it grows on the western coastline of the Cape of Good Hope. It is a shrubby perennial herb up to 6 feet (1.8 metres) tall and 4 feet (1.2 metres) wide. It bears three-quarters-inch (two-centimetre) light violet-blue flowers with pale lower lips and white throats. The small, green leaves release a slight medicinal odor when brushed. In the wild, the plant grows in sandy soil in streambeds, open fields, and roadsides. It is cultivated for gardens.

Common names for the plant in Afrikaans include Afrikaanse salie and bloublommetjiesalie.

Salvia
Salvia (/ˈsælviə/) is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae.  One of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes two widely used herbs, Salvia officinalis (common sage, or just "sage") and Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary, formerly Rosmarinus officinalis).

The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas (over 900 total species), with three distinct regions of diversity: Central America and South America (approximately 600 species); Central Asia and the Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90 species).