hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albion, Idaho
Albion is a city in Cassia County, Idaho, United States. It is part of the Burley, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 234 at the 2020 census. Albion was the county seat of Cassia County from 1879 to 1918.

Albion is one of the few cities in the Magic Valley region of Idaho founded before 1900. Beginning in 1893 it was home of the Albion State Normal School, which trained many Idaho teachers. The school was closed in 1951 and its teaching programs were transferred to Idaho State College (now Idaho State University) in Pocatello. By 2006 the campus had fallen into serious disrepair.

Pocatello, Idaho
Pocatello (/ˈpoʊkəˈtɛloʊ/ ⓘ) is the county seat of and the largest city in Bannock County, with a small portion on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in neighboring Power County, containing the city's airport. It is the principal city of the Pocatello metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Bannock County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Idaho.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Pocatello was 56,320. Pocatello is the 6th most populous city in the state, just behind Caldwell.

The city is at an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m) above sea level and it sits on the Portneuf River in the Snake River Plain ecoregion. Pocatello covers a land area of 33.36 square miles (86.4 square kilometers).

Pocatello is the home of Idaho State University and the manufacturing facilities of Amy's Kitchen and ON Semiconductor Corporation; it is served by the Pocatello Regional Airport.
Joulupuu on rakennettu
"Joulupuu on rakennettu" ("Christmas tree is built") is a Finnish Christmas carol that is among the most well known among the Finnish population.

The song was first published by the name "Joulu-kuusi" (Christmas tree) in 1876 in the schoolbook Uusi Kuwa-Aapinen, instructing that it should be sung with the traditional folk melody that was known at that time as "Lapsen laulu" (Song of a Child), a song published by Jaakko Juteini originally in 1819, and the final stable version in 1835.

Christmas carol
A Christmas carol is a carol (a song or hymn) on the theme of Christmas, traditionally sung at Christmas itself or during the surrounding Christmas and holiday season. The term noel has sometimes been used, especially for carols of French origin. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.
S.L. Shneiderman
S.L. Shneiderman (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1996) was a prominent Jewish writer, journalist, translator and poet, who wrote in both Yiddish and English.

As a journalist, he covered 1930s Paris and reported on the Spanish Civil War before immigrating to the United States in 1940. His works in Yiddish, Arthur Szyk (1980), Tsvishn shrek un hofenung (1947), and Ven di Visl hot geredt Yidish (1970) were among the “1000 Essential Yiddish Books” noted by the Yiddish Book Center. His English books include Between Fear and Hope (1947), The Warsaw Heresy (1959), and The River Remembers (1978).

Yiddish Book Center
The Yiddish Book Center Yiddish: ייִדישער ביכער־צענטער, romanized: Yidisher Bikher-Tsenter (formerly the National Yiddish Book Center), located on the campus of Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, is a cultural institution dedicated to the preservation of books in the Yiddish language, as well as the culture and history those books represent. It is one of ten western Massachusetts museums constituting the Museums10 consortium.
Dolores Partido
Dolores Partido is a  partido in the eastern part of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. It borders the partidos of Castelli, Tordillo, Maipú, General Guido and Pila.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 32,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,980 km2 (764 sq mi), and its capital city is Dolores, 210 km (130 mi) from Buenos Aires.

Pila Partido
Pila Partido is a partido of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 3,000 in an area of 3,453 km2 (1,333 sq mi), making it one of the most sparsely populated partidos in Buenos Aires Province.

The capital city is Pila, which is around 188 km (117 mi) from Buenos Aires.
Shuhua
Yeh Shu-hua (Chinese: 葉舒華; born January 6, 2000), known mononymously as Shuhua (Korean: 슈화), is a Taiwanese singer based in South Korea. She is a member of the South Korean girl group I-dle, which debuted as (G)I-dle under Cube Entertainment in May 2018.

Cube Entertainment
Cube Entertainment Inc. (Korean: 큐브엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Cube are known for having "self-composing and self-producing" idols. In April 2020, the founder of Cube, Hong Seung-sung, resigned from the company due to an ownership dispute.

The label currently manages several artists, namely Kwon Eun-bin, Pentagon, I-dle, Lightsum, and Nowz. It also manages several entertainers and actors, including Heo Kyung-hwan, Park Mi-sun, Kim Jin-woo, and Park Sun-young.

It was formerly home to K-pop artists such as 4Minute, Beast, G.NA, Roh Ji-hoon, Hyuna, Rain, E'Dawn, A Train To Autumn, Lai Kuan-lin, Jang Hyun-seung, Elkie, Sorn, Yujin, Soojin, Yeeun, CLC, BtoB, Lee Hwi-jae, Na In-woo, and Yoo Seon-ho.
HMS Thames (1805)
HMS Thames was a 32-gun fifth-rate Thames-class frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1805 at Chatham.

A wartime lack of building materials meant that Minerva and her class were built to the outdated 50-year-old design of the Richmond class, and were thus smaller than many contemporary frigates.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Jewish community of Fes
The Jewish community of Fes was a community that existed in the city of Fes in Morocco for the last thousand years. Throughout the years, there were rabbis, poets and famous linguists in this community, who greatly influenced Jewish communities in Morocco and throughout the world.

Sharifism
Sharifism was the system in pre-colonial Morocco in which the shurafā'—descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, in the case of Morocco)—held a privileged religious and political position in society. Those who claimed this lineage were regarded as a kind of nobility and were privileged, in the words of Sahar Bazzaz, "as political agents, as interlocutors between various sectors of society, and as would be dynasts of Morocco". They were additionally believed to possess baraka, or blessing power. Claiming this lineage also served to justify authority; the Idrisi dynasty (788–974), the Saadi dynasty (1510–1659), and the 'Alawi dynasty (1631–present) all claimed lineage from Ahl al-Bayt.
Sakar Island
Sakar Island is a volcanic island north-west of New Britain in the Bismarck Sea, at 5°25′00″S 148°06′00″E﻿ / ﻿5.416667°S 148.1°E﻿ / -5.416667; 148.1. It is a stratovolcano with a summit crater lake. No recorded eruptions are known.

Bismarck Sea
The Bismarck Sea (German: Bismarcksee, pronounced ['bɪsmarkzeː]) lies in the south-western Pacific Ocean within the Papua New Guinean exclusive economic zone. It is located north-east of the island of New Guinea and south of the Bismarck Archipelago. It has coastlines in districts of the Islands Region, Momase Region, and Papua Region.
Beadlow
Beadlow is a hamlet in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England. At the 2011 Census the population of the hamlet was included in the civil parish of Campton and Chicksands.

It is located around a mile and a half east of Clophill, of whose civil parish it forms a part, and around two and a half miles west of Shefford, in whose post town it lies. The River Flit flows through the hamlet.

Campton and Chicksands
Campton and Chicksands is a civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England. Its main settlements are Campton and Chicksands. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,895.
Differential graded Lie algebra
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra and topology, a differential graded Lie algebra (or dg Lie algebra, or dgla) is a graded vector space with added Lie algebra and chain complex structures that are compatible. Such objects have applications in deformation theory and rational homotopy theory.

Daniel Quillen
Daniel Gray Quillen (June 22, 1940 – April 30, 2011) was an American mathematician. He is known for being the "prime architect" of higher algebraic K-theory, for which he was awarded the Cole Prize in 1975 and the Fields Medal in 1978.

From 1984 to 2006, he was the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics at Magdalen College, Oxford.
History and Geography (film)
History and Geography (Spanish: Historia y geografía) is a 2023 Chilean comedy film co-written, co-produced and directed by Bernardo Quesney. Starring Amparo Noguera accompanied by Catalina Saavedra, Pablo Schwarz, Paloma Moreno, Paulina Urrutia and Steevens Benjamin. It is about a remembered comedy television actress who decides to return to her hometown to put on a play with the purpose of recovering the artistic recognition that she thought she had lost, but never had.

San Felipe, Chile
San Felipe (Spanish pronunciation: [saɱ feˈlipe]; "St. Philip" in Spanish) is a commune and the capital city of the San Felipe de Aconcagua Province in central Chile's Valparaíso Region. Until 1976, it was the capital of Aconcagua province, a first-level administrative division. It lies 88 km (55 mi) north of the national capital of Santiago. The commune spans an area of 185.9 km2 (72 sq mi).
Boomslang (music festival)
Boomslang: A Celebration of Sound & Art was an annual multi-venue music festival in Lexington, Kentucky, organized by the University of Kentucky's college radio station, WRFL. The festival was an extension of WRFL's mission to provide a platform for non-mainstream, non-commercial music and other programming not found elsewhere in the region, featuring a variety of artists from both the region and from around the world. Genres tended to be experimental in nature, but also included everything from alternative rock, post-rock, electronic, hip hop, punk rock, metal, and psychedelic rock bands. Other festival features included dance performances, local craft booths, fashion and art installations, workshops, literary events and film screenings, with a special focus on the artists and arts organizers that make Lexington unique.

Boomslang was primarily volunteer-run, relying on the efforts of WRFL staff members and led by WRFL's student Board of Directors.

Grails (band)
Grails is an American instrumental experimental rock band formed in 1999. Based in Portland, Oregon, the group have released seven studio albums, on labels including Southern and Temporary Residence, and have toured across North America and Europe.
Faculty of Economics Podgorica
The University of Montenegro Faculty of Economics (Montenegrin: Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta Crne Gore Економски факултет Универзитета Црне Горе) is one of the educational institutions of the University of Montenegro. The building is located in Podgorica, next to the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Political Sciences building. The Podgorica School of Economics is Montenegro's leading educational institution in business end economics.

Prime Minister of Montenegro
The prime minister of Montenegro, officially the president of the Government of Montenegro, is the head of the government of Montenegro. The role of the prime minister is to direct the work of the government, and to submit to the Parliament the government's program, which includes a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the prime minister would cause the dissolution of his government.

The current prime minister, Milojko Spajić, leader of the political party Europe Now!, was approved by the Parliament of Montenegro on 31 October 2023, after the formation of the 44th government of Montenegro.
Nico Yennaris
Nicholas Harry Yennaris (born 24 May 1993), also known as Li Ke (Chinese: 李可; pinyin: Lǐ Kě), is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Shenhua. Born in England, he plays for the China national team at international level.

Yennaris began his career in the academy at Premier League club Arsenal and came to prominence in the Football League with Brentford. After transferring to Beijing Guoan in 2019, Yennaris was naturalised as a Chinese citizen and took the name Li Ke. He transferred to Shanghai Shenhua in 2025. Born in England to a Chinese mother and a Greek-Cypriot father, he was eligible to represent all four nations at international level and won 10 youth caps for England. Yennaris made his senior international debut for China in late 2019. He has been described as a "rugged, all action defensive player, with a positive, winning mentality".

2025 Chinese FA Super Cup
The Quark 2025 Chinese FA Super Cup (Chinese: 夸克2025中国足球协会超级杯) was the 20th Chinese FA Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Chinese Super League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played between Shanghai Port, champions of the 2024 Chinese Super League and the winner of the 2024 Chinese FA Cup, and Shanghai Shenhua, the runners-up of the 2024 Chinese Super League.
KRBC-TV
KRBC-TV (channel 9) is a television station in Abilene, Texas, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Mission Broadcasting, which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of dual CBS/Telemundo affiliate KTAB-TV (channel 32), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios on South 14th Street in western Abilene; KRBC-TV's transmitter is located on Texas State Highway 36 in neighboring Callahan County.

Mission Broadcasting
Mission Broadcasting, Inc. is a television station group that owns 29 full-power television stations in 26 markets in the United States. The group's chair is Nancie Smith, the widow of David S. Smith, who founded the company in 1996 and died in 2011. All but one of Mission's stations are located in markets where Nexstar Media Group also owns a station, and all of Mission's stations (including its lone stand-alone station) are managed by Nexstar through shared services and local marketing agreements—effectively creating duopolies between the top two stations in a market or in markets with too few stations or unique station owners to legally allow duopolies. The company moved its headquarters from Westlake, Ohio, to Wichita Falls, Texas, in 2018. The company's stations are based in markets as large as New York City and as small as Grand Junction, Colorado.
1960 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1960 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at two locations in the United States. The men's and women's singles as well as the mixed doubles were played from September 2 through September 17 at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, while the men's and women's doubles were held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts from August 21 through August 28, 1960. It was the 80th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1960. Neale Fraser and Darlene Hard won the singles titles.

Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Chestnut Hill is a village located six miles (10 km) west of downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is best known for being home to Boston College and a section of the Boston Marathon route. Like all Massachusetts villages, Chestnut Hill is not an incorporated municipal entity. It is located partially in Brookline in Norfolk County, partially in the city of Boston in Suffolk County, and partially in the city of Newton in Middlesex County. Chestnut Hill's borders are defined by the 02467 ZIP Code. The name refers to several small hills that overlook the 135-acre (546,000 m2) Chestnut Hill Reservoir rather than one particular hill.
Mohinder Singh Kaypee
Mohinder Singh Kaypee, is an Indian politician and member of Shiromani Akali Dal. Before, he was politically affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
He is a Shiromani Akali Dal Candidate for Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency for the 2024 Indian general election.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Brotherhood of Blackheads
The Brotherhood of Black Heads (German: Bruderschaft der Schwarzhäupter; Estonian: Mustpeade vennaskond;  Latvian: Melngalvju brālība) is an association of local unmarried male merchants, ship-owners, and foreigners that was active in Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) from the mid-14th century till 1940 but still remains active in present-day Hamburg. The Brotherhood of Black Heads originated as a military organization, but the non-military aspects of the association gradually became more pronounced until the Brotherhood became a predominantly social organization after the end (1721) of the Great Northern War.

Saint George's Night Uprising
Saint George's Night Uprising in 1343–1345 (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus, Estonian pronunciation: [jyri.øː yles.tɤus]) was an unsuccessful attempt by the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order to rid themselves of Danish and German rulers and landlords who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian Crusade; and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order. In 1346, the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln marks by the King of Denmark to the Teutonic Order. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the State of the Teutonic Order took place on November 1, 1346.
Maximus of Ephesus
Maximus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: Μάξιμος ὁ Ἐφέσιος; c. 310 – 372 AD) was a Neoplatonist philosopher. He is said to have come from a rich family, and exercised great influence over the emperor Julian, who was commended to him by Aedesius. Maximus pandered to the emperor's love of magic and theurgy and won a high position at court, where his overbearing manner made him numerous enemies. He spent an interval in prison after the death of Julian, and eventually was executed by Valens.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
WiB (digital terrestrial television)
Teracom, inspired by earlier research, introduced a new system concept dubbed "WiB", that aims to improve frequency reuse in the UHF band while at the same time, enable savings in both operating power and capital expenditure.

Simulation results hint at an attainable spectral efficiency of at least 1.37–1.6 bit/s/Hz and a capacity increase in the range of 37–60%, while outlining possibilities for further optimizations.

However, the concept hints at possible methods of convergence and coexistence with future 5G mobile communication technologies, although this was not the main focus of the proposal.

Spectral efficiency
Spectral efficiency (alternatively, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium access control (the channel access protocol).
Gideon and Samson: Great Leaders of the Bible
Gideon and Samson: Great Leaders of the Bible (Italian: I grandi condottieri) is a 1965 Italian historical film directed by Marcello Baldi and Francisco Pérez-Dolz.  Consisting of two segments, the first half tells the story of Gideon, while the second the story of Samson.

Gideon
Gideon (/ˈɡɪdiən/; Biblical Hebrew: גִּדְעוֹן, romanized: Giḏəʿón) also named Jerubbaal (יְרֻבַּעַל Yərubbaʿál) and Jerubbesheth (|יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת Yərubbéšeṯ) was a shopeṭ ("judge"), military leader, and prophet whose calling and victory over the Midianites is described in Judges 6–8 in the Hebrew Bible.

Gideon was the son of Joash, from the Abiezrite clan in the tribe of Manasseh, and lived in Ephra (Ophrah). As a leader of the Israelites, he won a decisive victory over a Midianite army despite a vast numerical disadvantage, leading a troop of 300 men.
Freeman Farm Historic District
The Freeman Farm Historic District encompasses a historic farm property in Gray, Maine.  The 100-acre (40 ha) parcel, originally platted out in 1791, was owned and operated by five generations of the Freeman family, and is emblematic of the changes in agricultural practices over a period of more than 150 years.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Gray, Maine
Gray is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 8,269 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. and included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. Gray is located at the intersection of state Routes 4, 26, 100, 115, 202 and the Maine Turnpike exit 63 midway between the state's two largest cities, Portland and Lewiston. The town includes frontage on Little Sebago Lake, Crystal Lake, and Forest Lake.

Gray is home to regional headquarters for the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (Maine Wildlife Park), which maintains a fish hatchery and wildlife park. It is also home to the Gray/Portland Weather Forecast Office of the NOAA's National Weather Service, which issues forecasts and weather warnings for New Hampshire and western Maine.
Fuzzy rule
Fuzzy rules are used within fuzzy logic systems to infer an output based on input variables. Modus ponens and modus tollens are the most important rules of inference.  A modus ponens rule is in the form

Premise: x is A

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B

In crisp logic, the premise x is A can only be true or false. However, in a fuzzy rule, the premise x is A and the consequent y is B can be true to a degree, instead of entirely true or entirely false. This is achieved by representing the linguistic variables A and B using fuzzy sets. In a fuzzy rule, modus ponens is extended to generalised modus ponens:.

Premise: x is A*

Implication: IF x is A THEN y is B

Consequent: y is B*

The key difference is that the premise x is A can be only partially true. As a result, the consequent y is B is also partially true. Truth is represented as a real number between 0 and 1, where 0 is false and 1 is true.

T-norm
In mathematics, a t-norm (also T-norm or, unabbreviated, triangular norm) is a kind of binary operation used in the framework of probabilistic metric spaces and in multi-valued logic, specifically in fuzzy logic. A t-norm generalizes intersection in a lattice and conjunction in logic. The name triangular norm refers to the fact that in the framework of probabilistic metric spaces t-norms are used to generalize the triangle inequality of ordinary metric spaces.