hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holtfreter's solution
Holtfreter's solution (Holtfreter's medium) is a balanced salt solution that was developed by the developmental biologist Johannes Holtfreter for studying amphibian embryos and to reduce bacterial infections. As a specialised aqueous solution, it finds use in aquaria to prevent infections for early stage amphibians, where it is typically mixed with soft tap water. Amphibians such as axolotls prefer a hard water solution.

Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.

A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
A Dog's Way Home (novel)
A Dog's Way Home is a 2017 novel by American author W. Bruce Cameron. It received a mostly positive reception and was adapted into a movie of the same name. It is followed by the 2021 novel A Dog's Courage.

Breed-specific legislation
In law, breed-specific legislation (BSL) is a type of law that prohibits or restricts particular breeds or types of dog. Such laws range from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that such dogs are dangerous or vicious to prevent dog attacks. Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of fatalities or maulings involving pit bull–type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well. Due to opposition to such laws in the United States, anti-BSL laws have been passed in 21 of the 50 state-level governments, prohibiting or restricting the ability of jurisdictions within those states to enact or enforce breed-specific legislation.
1999 CECAFA Cup
The 1999 CECAFA Cup was the 23rd edition of the tournament. It was held in Rwanda, and was won by Rwanda B team. The matches were played between July 24–August 7.

Rwanda sent two teams: Rwanda A and Rwanda B.

CECAFA Cup
The CECAFA Cup, formerly the Gossage Cup (1926–1966) and the East and Central African Senior Challenge Cup (1967–1971), is the oldest football tournament in Africa. It is organized by the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations(CECAFA)
Times Plaza
Times Plaza is the historical name for the intersection of Flatbush Avenue, Fourth Avenue, and Atlantic Avenue in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The area came to be called Times Plaza for the nearby offices of the Brooklyn Daily Times.  The United States Postal Service office located at 539 Atlantic Avenue is still called the Times Plaza Station.

Times Plaza is in Downtown Brooklyn and sits on the borders of the Park Slope, Fort Greene, and Boerum Hill neighborhoods.  It is a short distance down Flatbush Avenue from the Grand Army Plaza.

Boerum Hill
Boerum Hill (pronounced /ˈbɔːrəm/ BOR-əm) is a small neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bounded by Schermerhorn Street to the north and Fourth Avenue to the east. The western border is variously given as either Smith or Court Street, and Warren or Wyckoff Street as the southern edge.

Smith Street and Atlantic Avenue are the neighborhood's main commercial districts. The Brooklyn High School of the Arts is in the neighborhood on Dean Street and Third Avenue. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 2 and is served by the NYPD's 84th Precinct.
Flooz.com
Flooz.com was a dot-com venture, now defunct, based in New York City that went online in February 1999. It was promoted by comic actress Whoopi Goldberg in a series of television advertisements. Started by iVillage co-founder Robert Levitan, the company attempted to establish a currency unique to Internet merchants, somewhat similar in concept to airline frequent flyer programs or grocery store stamp books. The name "flooz" was based upon the Arabic word for money, فلوس, fuloos. Users accumulated flooz credits either as a promotional bonus given away by some internet businesses or purchased directly from flooz.com which then could be redeemed for merchandise at a variety of participating online stores. Adoption of flooz by both merchants and customers proved limited, and it never established itself as a widely recognized medium of exchange, which hindered both its usefulness and appeal.

Dot-com company
A dot-com company, or simply a dot-com (alternatively rendered dot.com, dot com, dotcom or .com), is a company that conducts most of its businesses on the Internet, usually through a website on the World Wide Web that uses the popular top-level domain ".com". As of 2021, .com is by far the most used TLD, with almost half of all registrations.

The suffix .com in a URL usually (but not always) refers to a commercial or for-profit entity, as opposed to a non-commercial entity or non-profit organization, which usually use .org. The name for the domain came from the word commercial, as that is the main intended use. Since the .com companies are web-based, often their products or services are delivered via web-based mechanisms, even when physical products are involved. On the other hand, some .com companies do not offer any physical products.
Sheboygan Light, Power and Railway Company Car 26
Sheboygan Light, Power and Railway Company Car #26 is a wooden interurban electric rail car built in 1908 that carried passengers on the line between Sheboygan and Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin for 30 years, until the spread of automobiles made passenger rail service non-viable. Today, the car is operated by the East Troy Railroad Museum on their East Troy Electric Railroad, carrying visitors on their track in East Troy.

Sheboygan, Wisconsin
Sheboygan (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/) is a city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 49,929 at the 2020 census, while the Sheboygan metropolitan area had 118,034 residents. The city is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Sheboygan River, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) north of Milwaukee and 64 miles (103 kilometers) south of Green Bay.
Jim Leyritz
James Joseph Leyritz (born December 27, 1963) is an American former professional baseball catcher and infielder. In his 11-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, Leyritz played for the New York Yankees, Anaheim Angels, Texas Rangers, Boston Red Sox, San Diego Padres, and Los Angeles Dodgers. With the Yankees, Leyritz was a member of the 1996 and 1999 World Series championships, both over the Atlanta Braves.

Kentucky Wildcats baseball
The Kentucky Wildcats baseball team represents the University of Kentucky in NCAA Division I college baseball and competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The current head coach of the Wildcats is Nick Mingione.
Tochimoto Barrier
The Tochimoto Barrier (栃本関跡, Tochimoto-no-seki) was a security checkpoint on the road connecting Kai Province with Musashi Province via the Karisaka Pass in the Okuchichibu Mountains in Edo period Japan.  In 1970, the surviving building of the checkpoint on the Musashi side of the pass (now part of the city of Chichibu, Saitama) was recognized as a National Historic Site.

Chichibu, Saitama
Chichibu (Japanese: 秩父市, Hepburn: Chichibu-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 61,159 in 26,380 households and a population density of 110 inhabitants per square kilometre (280/sq mi). The total area of the city is 577.83 square kilometres (223.10 sq mi).
Eta Antliae
Eta Antliae is a double star in the southern constellation of Antlia. Its Bayer designation is Latinized from η Antliae, and abbreviated Eta Ant or η Ant, respectively. The brighter component has an apparent visual magnitude of  5.222, making it visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements of the system yield a distance estimate of 108.5 light-years (33.3 parsecs) from Earth. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +30 km/s.

The main component has a stellar classification of F1 V, which indicates that it is an F-type main sequence star. This star has 55% more mass than the Sun and a 72% greater radius. It shines with 6.6 times the Sun's luminosity at an effective temperature of 7,132 K. This heat gives it the yellow-white glow of an F-type star. There is a faint companion star located 31 arcseconds away with an apparent magnitude of +11.3. Most likely this pair form a binary star system.

F-type main-sequence star
An F-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence, core-hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F. The spectral luminosity class is V. They have from around 1.1 to 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between about 6,000 and 7,200 K. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed through the atmosphere. Notable examples include Procyon A, Gamma Virginis A and B, and Tabby's Star.
2009 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Doubles
Marc Gicquel and Robert Lindstedt were the defending champions, but Gicquel chose not to participate that year.Robert Lindstedt partnered with Martin Damm, and won in the final over Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski, 7–5, 7–6(7–3).

Robert Lindstedt
Robert Lindstedt (born 19 March 1977) is a Swedish former professional tennis player who specialized in doubles. He turned professional in 1998, and reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 3 in May 2013. Lindstedt won his first Grand Slam title at the 2014 Australian Open with partner Łukasz Kubot. He has also reached four finals at the Wimbledon Championships: in 2010, 2011 and 2012 alongside Horia Tecău in men's doubles, and in 2019 with Jeļena Ostapenko in mixed doubles.

Lindstedt has won 23 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including one at Masters 1000 level at the 2012 Western & Southern Open. He represented Sweden in the Davis Cup from 2007 to 2021, as well as at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Bellow's Spring Methodist Church
Bellow's Spring Methodist Church (also called Mt. Pisgah AME Church) is a historic church in Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland.

The church was built between Rufus Thompson's farm and Thomas Christian's farm (also known as Bellow's Spring Farm) in the African American community of Jonestown. In 1899 the building was relocated to its present location along Route 108, taking the name Mt. Pisgah AME Church in 1901.

The church is dwarfed by a modern church constructed adjacent to the building and the historical building is kept in poor condition with overgrowth covering the entrance.

Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City (/ˈɛlɪkət/ EL-ih-kət) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 75,947 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States.

Ellicott City's historic downtown – the Ellicott City Historic District – lies in the valleys of the Tiber and Patapsco rivers. The historic district includes the Ellicott City Station; it is the oldest surviving train station in the United States, having been built in 1830 as the first terminus of the original B&O Railroad line. The historic district of the town is often called "Historic Ellicott City" or "Old Ellicott City" to distinguish it from the surrounding suburbs that extend south to Columbia and west to West Friendship.
Iloprost
Iloprost, sold under the brand name Ventavis among others, is a medication used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon, frostbite, and other conditions in which the blood vessels are constricted and blood cannot flow to the tissues. Iloprost is a prostacyclin mimetic.

For pulmonary arterial hypertension, iloprost is given via inhalation. Iloprost works by opening (dilating) the blood vessels to allow the blood to flow through them. It was developed by the pharmaceutical company Schering AG and is marketed by Bayer Schering Pharma AG in the European Union and by Actelion Pharmaceuticals in the US.

Peripheral edema
Peripheral edema is edema (accumulation of fluid causing swelling) in tissues perfused by the peripheral vascular system, usually in the lower limbs. In the most dependent parts of the body (those hanging distally), it may be called dependent edema.
Ohio Machine
The Ohio Machine was a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Obetz, Ohio. They first played in the 2012 MLL season and continued through the 2018 season.

On August 19, 2017, the Machine won their first championship in franchise history by defeating the Denver Outlaws, 17–12. The Machine made the playoffs four times (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017), appeared in the league championship game twice (2016, 2017), and won one title (2017).

Major League Lacrosse draft
The Major League Lacrosse draft was the annual draft of outstanding amateur lacrosse players from American colleges and universities into the professional ranks of Major League Lacrosse (MLL). The North American league, made up of 9 teams, began conducting the draft in 2001, and continued to do so through its final season in 2020, after which it merged into the Premier Lacrosse League.
Operation Queen
Operation Queen was an American operation during World War II on the Western Front at the German Siegfried Line.

The operation was aimed against the River Roer as a staging point for a subsequent thrust over the river to the Rhine into Germany. It was conducted by the First and Ninth U.S. Armies.

The offensive commenced on 16 November 1944 with one of the heaviest Allied tactical bombings of the war. However, the Allied advance was unexpectedly slow, against heavy German resistance, especially in the Hürtgen Forest through which the main thrust of the offensive was carried out. By mid-December, the Allies finally reached the Roer and tried to capture its important dams, when the Germans launched their own offensive, dubbed Wacht am Rhein. The ensuing Battle of the Bulge led to the immediate cessation of Allied offensive efforts into Germany until February 1945.

Inden, North Rhine-Westphalia
Inden (German pronunciation: [ˈɪndn̩]) is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Inde, approx. 10 km north-west of Düren. In the area around Inden lignite is extracted in open-pit mines. One mine is being rehabilitated with lake, park, solar power and energy storage. Several hundreds of inhabitants have been resettled in the 1990s and 2000s because of these activities.
Hordaland Folkeblad
Hordaland Folkeblad (lit. 'The Hordaland People's Gazette') is a local Norwegian newspaper published in Norheimsund in Vestland county.

The newspaper was established in 1873 and is one of the oldest local newspapers in Norway. It covers news in Kvam Municipality and the Jondal area of western Ullensvang Municipality. Hordaland Folkeblad is published twice a week, on Tuesdays and Fridays, and appears in Nynorsk. Locally, the newspaper is often referred to as Skaaralappen ('Skaar's slip') after Nils Nilsson Skaar (1852–1948), who became the paper's editor in 1878 and its sole owner in 1889. The current editor is Sigbjørn Linga, who assumed the position in 2013.

Kvam Municipality
Kvam is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located along the Hardangerfjorden in the traditional district of Hardanger. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Norheimsund. Other larger settlements in the municipality include Øystese, Strandebarm, Ålvik, Tørvikbygd, Omastranda, Vikedal, Vikøy, and Mundheim. Historically, it was named Vikør Municipality.

The 616.95-square-kilometre (238.21 sq mi) municipality is the 187th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kvam Municipality is the 129th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,517. The municipality's population density is 13.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (36/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.
2003–04 USHL season
The 2003–04 USHL season is the 25th season of the United States Hockey League as an all-junior league. The regular season began on September 26, 2003, and concluded on March 28, 2004, with the regular season champion winning the Anderson Cup. The 2003–04 season was the first for the Danville Wings after transferring from the North American Hockey League and the only season for the St. Louis Heartland Eagles after moving from Topeka, Kansas. At the conclusion of the season, St. Louis voluntarily suspended operations and officially folded a year later.

The Clark Cup playoffs features the top four teams from each division competing for the league title.

United States Hockey League
The United States Hockey League (USHL) is the top junior ice hockey league sanctioned by USA Hockey. The league consists of 16 active teams located in the Midwestern United States and Great Plains, for players between the ages of 16 and 21. The USHL is strictly amateur, allowing former players to compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college hockey.

The Lincoln Stars won the Anderson Cup as the 2024–25 regular season champions. The Muskegon Lumberjacks won the 2025 Clark Cup playoff championship, their first in franchise history.
H*Commerce
H*Commerce: The Business of Hacking You is a six-part online documentary film series directed by Seth Gordon. It centers on the struggle between criminal hackers and security experts. Each segment is between five and eight minutes in length. The first was released on the Internet on May 20, 2009.

"H*Commerce" stands for "hacker commerce", specifically "the business of making money through the illegal use of technology to compromise personal and business data," according to McAfee.

Black hat (computer security)
A black hat (black hat hacker or blackhat) is a computer hacker who disobeys laws or violates ethical standards for purposes such as civil disobedience, cybercrime, cyberwarfare, or malice. These acts can range from piracy to identity theft. A black hat is often referred to as a "cracker".

The term originates from 1950s westerns, with "bad guys" (criminals) typically depicted as having worn black hats and "good guys" (heroes) wearing white ones. In the same way, black hat hacking is contrasted with the more law-abiding white hat approach to hacking. Additionally, there exists a third category, called grey hat hacking, characterized by individuals who hack, usually with good intentions but by illegal means.
Charlotte Hatherley
Charlotte Franklin Hatherley (born 20 June 1979) is an English singer, guitarist and songwriter. She initially came to prominence as guitarist and backing vocalist for alternative rock band Ash. Since leaving Ash in 2006, she has worked as a solo artist and acted as a touring musician for Bryan Ferry, KT Tunstall, Bat for Lashes, Cold Specks, Rosie Lowe and Birdy. Hatherley has also been a touring member of NZCA Lines and was the Musical Director for South African artist Nakhane.

Rosie Lowe
Rosie Lowe (born 24 December 1989) is an English singer and songwriter. She rose to prominence with her debut single "Right Thing", released in November 2013. She released her debut extended play under the same name the following year. Her 2016 debut album Control contains the singles "Worry 'Bout Us", "Woman", and, featuring vocals from rapper Little Simz, "So Human". "Woman" was featured in the soundtrack for the 2017 film The Last Word.

After a hiatus, in November 2018 she released the single "The Light" and announced her forthcoming second album and 2019 tour dates. Her second album, YU, was released in May 2019, and she toured again in 2020.

In 2021 she released the EP Now, You Know, and the album Son, a collaborative project with Duval Timothy with an accompanying children's book. In 2024 she released the album Lover, Other.
Welfare of farmed insects
The welfare of farmed insects concerns treatment of insects raised for animal feed, as food or pet food, and other purposes such as honey and silk, for use in generating recombinant proteins, or for biological control applications.

Insects as food
Insects as food or edible insects are insect species used for human consumption. Over 2 billion people are estimated to eat insects on a daily basis. Globally, more than 2,000 insect species are considered edible, though far fewer are discussed for industrialized mass production and regionally authorized for use in food. Many insects are highly nutritious, though nutritional content depends on species and other factors such as diet and age. Insects  offer a wide variety of flavors and are commonly consumed whole or pulverized for use in dishes and processed food products such as burger patties, pasta, or snacks. Like other foods, there can be risks associated with consuming insects, such as allergic reactions. As commercial interest in insects as food grows, countries are introducing new regulatory frameworks to oversee their production, processing, marketing, and consumption.
Olivola
Olivola (Piedmontese: Aulìvola) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Alessandria. 
Olivola borders the municipalities of Casorzo, Frassinello Monferrato, Ottiglio, and Vignale Monferrato.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Keba Jeremiah
Keba Jeremiah Arul (born 18 October 1986) is an Indian guitarist and music producer. He works on musical soundtracks for Bollywood, Tollywood (Telugu), and Kollywood music industries, including gospel music.

Leslee Lewis
Leslee Peter Lewis (formerly spelled Leslie and Lesle; born 20 June 1960), popularly known as Lezz Lewis, is an Indian singer and composer known for his work with Hariharan as the duo Colonial Cousins. They won the MTV Asia Viewer's Choice Award and then the U.S. Billboard Viewer's Choice Award for 'Colonial Cousins', their debut album. He conceived and created all the music for Coke Studio, MTV India debut season.

Lewis is one of the first Indian composers to have introduced the Indian audiences to rock and pop music. Lewis's creative side comes as an inherited value from his father, P. L. Raj, noted choreographer from the film industry.

With an aim to give the audiences a taste of varied music flavours, he has been successful in keeping his originality intact with advertisement jingles, film music and other forms of modern music.