hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).

Glaphyridae
Glaphyridae is a family of beetles, commonly known as bumble bee scarab beetles. There are eight extant genera with about 80 species distributed worldwide and two extinct genera described from the Aptian aged Yixian Formation of China. There are cases of flower-beetle interactions, in the southeast Mediterranean region between red bowl-shaped flowers and Glaphyridae beetles.
Black James
Black James (before 1640-circa 1686) (also known as Wullumahchein) was a Nipmuc constable and spiritual leader of the Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck at the Chaubunagungamaug Reservation in colonial Massachusetts and Connecticut. Daniel Gookin appointed James to be a constable for the praying towns after he had become a Christian. In 1675, James signed a treaty agreeing not to assist King Philip, but may have supported him during King Philip's War. After the War, Black James deeded various parcels of land to settlers in Nipmuc country including at Manchaug (present day Oxford, Massachusetts), Quantisset and Maanexit in what is now eastern Connecticut near Rhode Island. His dying speech was recorded by Rev. Daniel Takawambait and later published and by 1686 a deed was signed by his heirs indicating that Black James was deceased, but another Indian used the name "Black James" until 1708.

Metacomet
Metacomet (c. 1638 in Massachusetts – August 12, 1676), also known as Pometacom,: 205  Metacom, and by his adopted English name King Philip, was sachem (elected chief) to the Wampanoag people from 1662–1676, and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. Metacomet became sachem after Massasoit's death. Metacomet was killed on August 12, 1676, near Mount Hope, Rhode Island. Scholars say his death marked the end of King Phillip's War (1675–1678).

Metacomet's initial goal was to live in peace with the colonists. His main responsibility was trade with the colonists. This peace changed later on after consistent negative interactions with the colonists. King Phillip's War occurred between the Wampanoag people and English colonists for the sake of preserving Wampanoag land as the colonies continued to expand.
Heinzenhausen
Heinzenhausen on the Lauter is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Kusel (district)
Kusel (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːzl̩]) is a district (Kreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north-west clockwise) Birkenfeld, Bad Kreuznach, Donnersbergkreis, Kaiserslautern, Saarpfalz and Sankt Wendel (the last two belonging to the state of Saarland).
Vietnam News Agency
Vietnam News Agency (VNA, Vietnamese: Thông tấn xã Việt Nam) is the official state-run news agency of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It operates more than 30 foreign bureaux worldwide and maintains 63 bureaux in Vietnam — one for each city and province, including 6 in ASEAN. The current General Director of VNA is Nguyen Duc Loi. It also operates the website VietnamPlus.

It exists alongside the Vietnam Television (VTV) and the Voice of Vietnam (VOV) being the official information agencies under direct administration of the Ministry of Finance.

Ministry of Finance (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Finance (MOF, Vietnamese: Bộ Tài chính) is the government ministry responsible for the finances of Vietnam, including managing the national budget, tax revenue, state assets, national financial reserves and the finances of state corporations. The Ministry manages the work of national accounting, state borrowing, the activities of stock markets, and the Department of Customs. The Ministry's main offices are located in Hanoi.

The Ministry of Finance directly owns and controls a majority of national state-owned companies in Vietnam.
University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
The University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust is a defunct NHS foundation trust that previously operated Wythenshawe Hospital, a major acute teaching hospital in Wythenshawe, Manchester. Many of the services and facilities previously at Withington Hospital were transferred to Wythenshawe in 2004. It provided services for adults and children at Wythenshawe Hospital and Withington Community Hospital (the latter formerly owned by Manchester PCT). It runs Buccleuch Lodge Intermediate Care Unit and the Dermot Murphy Centre in Withington, and the Specialised Ability Centre in Sharston.

It merged with Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust to form Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust on 1 October 2017.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Ma'agalim
Ma'agalim (Hebrew: מעגלים, lit. 'Paths') is a national-religious community settlement in southern Israel. Located south of Netivot, it falls under the jurisdiction of Sdot Negev Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 2,075.

Netivot
Netivot (Hebrew: נתיבות, lit. 'Paths') is a city located in the Southern District of Israel, located 8 miles (13 kilometers) southeast of Sderot and 19 miles (31 kilometers) northwest of Beersheba. In 2023 it had a population of 52,877.
Refer (software)
refer is a program for managing bibliographic references, and citing them in troff, nroff, and groff documents.  It is implemented as a preprocessor.

refer was written by Mike Lesk at Bell Laboratories in or before 1978, and is now available as part of most Unix-like operating systems.  A free reimplementation exists as part of the groff package.

As of 2015, refer sees little use, primarily because troff itself is not used much for longer technical writing that might need software support for reference and citation management.  As of 2016, some reference management software (for instance, RefWorks) will import refer data.

Nroff
nroff (short for "new roff") is a text-formatting program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It produces output suitable for simple fixed-width printers and terminal windows. It is an integral part of the Unix help system, being used to format man pages for display.

nroff and the related troff were both developed from the original roff. While nroff was intended to produce output on terminals and line printers, troff was intended to produce output on typesetting systems. Both used the same underlying markup and a single source file could normally be used by nroff or troff without change.
Elgiz Karimov
Elgiz Karimov (Azerbaijani: Elgiz Kərimov) (January 5, 1971, Barda District, Azerbaijan – March 12, 1992, Nakhichevanik, Khojaly District, Azerbaijan) was the National Hero of Azerbaijan, and the warrior of the Karabakh war.

National Hero of Azerbaijan
The National Hero of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan milli qəhrəmanı) is the highest national title in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The title was named on 25 March 1992, and the "Qizil Ulduz" Medal awarded as a sign of receiving this title was established by a separate law on 15 July 1992. The law on the title has been in effect since 25 December 1995. It can only be awarded once to the same person.

The title is awarded for outstanding services of national importance to Azerbaijan in defence and strengthening of the state system and creation of important national values.
Jacob Young (politician)
Jacob Young (born 2 February 1993) is a former British Conservative Party politician and served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Levelling Up from 18 September 2023, until losing his seat in July 2024. He previously served as Assistant Government Whip between September 2022 and September 2023. He was elected as MP for Redcar at the 2019 general election. He was the first Conservative MP to represent the constituency.

Saltburn-by-the-Sea
Saltburn-by-the-Sea, commonly referred to as Saltburn, is a seaside town in the civil parish of Saltburn, Marske and New Marske, in the Redcar and Cleveland unitary authority, North Yorkshire, England. It lies 12 miles (19 km) south-east of Hartlepool and 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Redcar, within the historic boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire and on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath.

The development of Saltburn was driven by the discovery of ironstone in the Cleveland Hills and building of railways to transport the minerals.
Steinitz Variation
The name Steinitz Variation (or similar) is applied to several chess openings introduced and practiced, or adopted and advocated by Wilhelm Steinitz, the first officially recognized World Chess Champion.

Giuoco Piano
The Giuoco Piano (pronounced [ˈdʒwɔːko ˈpjaːno]; Italian for 'Quiet Game') is a chess opening beginning with the moves:

1. e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Bc5

"White aims to develop quickly – but so does Black. White can construct a pawn centre but in unfavourable conditions a centre which cannot provide a basis for further active play."

The name "Italian Game" is also commonly used; however, that name is sometimes used instead to describe all openings starting 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4, including 3...Nf6 (the Two Knights Defence) and other less common replies.

The Giuoco Piano is assigned codes C50 to C54 in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Maryland)
Sugarloaf Mountain is a small (1,283 feet; 391 m) mountain and park about 10 miles (16 km) south of Frederick, Maryland. The closest village is Barnesville, located just over one mile from the foot of the mountain. The peak of this relatively low mountain is approximately 800 feet (244 m) higher than the surrounding farmland. It is visible from many parts of northern Montgomery County and southern Frederick County, notably from I-270 north of the town of Germantown. Because of its geological and natural history interest, it was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1969. It is a notable example of an admission-free (although donations are requested), privately owned scenic park.

Catoctin Mountain
Catoctin Mountain, along with the geologically associated Bull Run Mountains, forms the easternmost mountain ridge of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are in turn a part of the Appalachian Mountains range. The ridge runs northeast–southwest for about 50 miles (80 km) departing from South Mountain near Emmitsburg, Maryland, and running south past Leesburg, Virginia, where it disappears into the Piedmont in a series of low-lying hills near New Baltimore, Virginia. The ridge forms the eastern rampart of the Loudoun and Middletown valleys.
Rowing in India
India's history in rowing dates back to the British era. The first club, the Calcutta Rowing Club was founded in 1858. The Rowing Federation of India administers the sport in the country. India's first ever Asian Games gold medal was won by Bajrang Lal Takhar in 2010 but the country has never won an Olympic medal in the sport. Three Indian rowers have qualified for the 2012 London Olympics.

Rowing Federation of India
The Rowing Federation of India is the central body for the game of rowing in India. It was formed on 30 August 1976 with a view to make the sport of Rowing popular in India. It is affiliated with the Indian Olympic Association and World Rowing and Asian Rowing Federation .
Bourbon Red
The Bourbon Red is an American breed of domestic turkey. It is named for its reddish-brown plumage and for its area of origin, Bourbon County, Kentucky, where it was developed in the last years of the nineteenth century. It was accepted into the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1909, and in the early twentieth century was an important commercial meat breed until the Broad Breasted White began to dominate industrial production.: 454  The Bourbon Red is considered a heritage turkey; it is an endangered breed, classified as 'watch' by the Livestock Conservancy. It was formerly known as the Bourbon Butternut or as the Kentucky Red.

Rare breed
In modern agriculture, a rare breed is a breed of poultry or livestock that has a very small breeding population, usually from a few hundred to a few thousand. Because of their small numbers, rare breeds may have a threatened conservation status, and they may be protected under regional laws. Many countries have organizations devoted to the protection and promotion of rare breeds, for which they each have their own definition. In botany and horticulture, the parallel to rare animal breeds are heirloom plants, which are rare cultivars.
Nanxun
Nanxun (simplified Chinese: 南浔镇; traditional Chinese: 南潯鎮; pinyin: Nánxún Zhèn) is a historic town in Nanxun District of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. As of the 2007 census it had a population of 119,300 and an area of 141-square-kilometre (54 sq mi).

Huzhou
Huzhou (Chinese: 湖州; pinyin: Húzhōu, listenⓘ; Huzhou dialect: ghou² cieu¹) is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively.

Huzhou is on the south bank of Taihu Lake, which it is named after. It has a history of more than 2,300 years. It governs Wuxing and Nanxun districts and three counties of Deqing, Changxing and Anji, with a total area of 5,818 square kilometers. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,367,579 inhabitants, of whom 1,015,937 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Wuxing District as Nanxun District was not yet being conurbated.
Methoxyketamine
Methoxyketamine or 2-MeO-2-deschloroketamine is a designer drug of the arylcyclohexylamine class first reported in 1963. It is an analog of ketamine in which the chlorine atom has been replaced with a methoxy group.  Its synthesis by rearrangement of an amino ketone has been reported. As an arylcyclohexylamine, methoxyketamine most likely functions as an NMDA receptor antagonist. It produces sedative, hallucinogenic, and (at high doses) anesthetic effects, but with a lower potency than ketamine itself.

NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.

Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, and ketobemidone.

Some NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used recreationally for their dissociative, hallucinogenic, and euphoriant properties. When used recreationally, they are classified as dissociative drugs.
Culture of Tirana
The Culture of Tirana concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals and other entertainment in the capital city of Albania. Tirana is one of the country's leading business and cultural centers including entertainment, music, media, fashion, and the arts all contribute to its status as Albania's largest city.

Fall of communism in Albania
The fall of communism in Albania, sometimes called "De-Enverization", the last such event in Europe outside the Soviet Union, started in December 1990 with student demonstrations in the capital, Tirana, although protests started in January that year in other cities like Shkodër and Kavajë. The Central Committee of the communist Party of Labour of Albania allowed political pluralism on 11 December and the largest opposition party, the Democratic Party, was founded the next day. March 1991 elections left the Party of Labour in power, but a general strike and urban opposition led to the formation of a "stability government" that included non-communists. Albania's former communists were routed in elections in March 1992 amid economic collapse and social unrest, with the Democratic Party winning most seats and its party head, Sali Berisha, becoming president.
Eugenia Mantelli
Eugenia Mantelli (1860- 3 March 1926) was an Italian opera singer who had a prolific career in Europe, the United States, and South America from the 1880s through the early part of the twentieth century. She possessed a flexible warm voice with a wide vocal range that, while focusing mostly within the mezzo-soprano repertoire, enabled her to sing roles normally associated with contraltos and sopranos. Indeed, during her lifetime she was often identified as either a mezzo-soprano or a contralto by music critics without much consistency. While she had an excellent vocal technique and an exceptionally beautiful tone quality, her gifts as an actress and interpreter were only mediocre.

La favorite
La favorite (The Favourite, frequently referred to by its Italian title: La favorita) is a grand opera in four acts by Gaetano Donizetti to a French-language libretto by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz, based on the play Le comte de Comminges by Baculard d'Arnaud with additions by Eugène Scribe based on the story of Leonora de Guzman. The opera concerns the romantic struggles of the King of Castile, Alfonso XI, and his mistress, the "favourite" Leonora, against the backdrop of the political wiles of receding Moorish Spain and the life of the Catholic Church. It premiered on 2 December 1840 at the Académie Royale de Musique (Salle Le Peletier) in Paris.
J.League U-22 Selection
J.League U-22 Selection (Jリーグ・アンダー22選抜) was a Japanese football team which played in J3 League from 2014 season to 2015 season.

The idea of the club was to give young players minutes as they might struggle to find game time with their main club playing in the J1 League and J2 League which the U-22 team is not eligible for promotion regardless of their final position however this scheme was phased out after the 2015 J3 League season and were replaced with J1 League feeder teams such as Cerezo Osaka U-23, FC Tokyo U-23 and Gamba Osaka U-23.

Gamba Osaka U-23
Gamba Osaka Under−23 was a Japanese football team based in Suita, Osaka. It was the reserve team of Gamba Osaka and played in J3 League which they have done since their entry to the league at the beginning of the 2016 season. They played the majority of their home games at Panasonic Stadium Suita with some played at Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium.
Mule Mountains (California)
The Mule Mountains of California are located in the southeastern part of the state in the United States. The range lies in a northeast-southwesterly direction south of the McCoy Mountains and west of the Palo Verde Valley and Colorado River. The mountain range is approximately 18 miles (29 km) long and is located just south of Interstate 10, about 5 mi (8 km) southeast of Chuckawalla Valley State Prison. The northern end of the range is in Riverside County, and the southern end is in Imperial County. Downtown Blythe, California is about 12 mi (19 km) to the northeast.

Palo Verde Valley
The Palo Verde Valley (Spanish: Valle de Palo Verde) is located in the Lower Colorado River Valley, next to the eastern border of Southern California with Arizona, United States.  It is located on the Colorado Desert within the Sonoran Desert south of the Parker Valley.  Most of the valley is in Riverside County, with the southern remainder in Imperial County. La Paz County borders to the east on the Colorado River.

The region is the ancestral home of several Native American tribes: the Quechan, the Chemehuevi and Matxalycadom or Halchidhoma, some who have Indian reservations in California and Arizona along the Colorado and Gila Rivers today.
People and Places (song)
"People and Places" is a song written by French composer Eric Lévi, American singer Philip Bailey, and American songwriter Roxanne Seeman for the French film La Vengeance d'une Blonde. It is the end-credit song for the #1 French box office film starring Christian Clavier and starring Christian Clavier and Marie-Anne Chazel and scored by Levi. The song was recorded as a duet between Dee Dee Bridgewater and Philip Bailey and released as a single and 12" club mix by BMG France in 1994. The single, club mix, and instrumental versions appear on the soundtrack album. The single version was included as a bonus track on the Japanese release of Philip Bailey's solo album Philip Bailey.

Christian Clavier
Christian Jean-Marie Clavier (French pronunciation: [kʁistjɑ̃ ʒɑ̃ maʁi klavje]; born 6 May 1952) is a French actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. A co-founder of Le Splendid in the 1970s, a Parisian café-théâtre company which soon garnered success, he became widely popular after starring in two hit comedy series: Patrice Leconte's Les Bronzés and Jean-Marie Poiré's Les Visiteurs.

Clavier later furthered his popularity by taking the role of Asterix in screen adaptations of the renowned comic books by Albert Uderzo and René Goscinny. In 2023, President Emmanuel Macron saluted Clavier's work, stating: "You have been all the faces of the families of France, the infatuated son-in-law, the bewildered uncle, the pretentious cousin, the jealous husband, the cantankerous father. We have grown and aged with you and our children will grow and age with you".

He is the brother of director Stéphane Clavier.
1940 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1940 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1940 college football season.   The organizations selecting teams in 1940 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP).

The 1941 Stanford Indians football team compiled an undefeated 10-0 record, were ranked #2 in the final AP Poll, and had six players receiving first-team honors: quarterback Frankie Albert (AP, UP), halfback Pete Kmetovic (AP), fullback Norm Standlee (AP, UP), end Fred Meyer (AP), and tackles Bob Reinhard and Bruno Banducci (UP).

The 1941 Washington Huskies football team finished in second place with a 5-4 record and was represented by four players on either the AP or UP first team: halfback Dean McAdams (AP, UP), end Jay MacDowell (AP, UP), guard Ray Frankowski (AP, UP), and center Rudy Mucha (AP, UP).

No players from teams outside the PCC received first-team honors from the AP or UP.

Rudy Mucha
Rudolph John Mucha (July 22, 1918 – September 7, 1982) was an American professional football guard for the Cleveland Rams and the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was also a consensus All-American collegiate center for the University of Washington in 1940. Mucha was the first Washington Husky in school history to be taken in the first round of the NFL Draft. He went fourth overall in the first round of the 1941 NFL draft. Mucha was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team.