hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avengers Disassembled
"Avengers Disassembled" is a 2004 crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics involving the Avengers, Fantastic Four, Captain America, Spider-Man and Thor. The beginning of Brian Michael Bendis's Avengers run, it depicts the destruction of the existing traditional roster and the exile of several key members of the team. The storyline includes a number of subplots, some of which take place before and/or after the main events, which include other changes to the status quo: Iron Man once again closeting his secret identity, Spider-Man developing organic web-shooters (as in the contemporary Sam Raimi film trilogy), and the death of Thor and Asgard in one final Ragnarok.

The main story, Chaos, ran in Avengers #500-503 and a special epilogue, Avengers Finale. 
The series would lead to a massive relaunch of the Avengers family of titles: New Avengers, New Thunderbolts, Captain America, and Iron Man; and the launch of Young Avengers.

Dark Reign (comics)
Dark Reign is a 2008 to 2009 comic book branding used by Marvel Comics. It deals with the aftermath of the "Secret Invasion" storyline, which resulted in a shift of power in the Marvel Universe toward Norman Osborn. The title refers to Osborn's rise to national power and the ramifications thereof. Joe Quesada, then-editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics, stated that "Dark Reign is not really an event, it's what's happening in the Marvel Universe." He believes that "Dark Reign leads to an interesting place in the Marvel Universe. I think you'll see a pulling back at the end of Dark Reign, but you'll understand at the end of it what we were trying to get to."
Chimonobambusa
Chimonobambusa is a genus of East Asian bamboo in the grass family. They are native to China, Japan, Vietnam, Myanmar, and the Himalayas.

Species

formerly included

see Ampelocalamus Bambusa Chimonocalamus Drepanostachyum Himalayacalamus Vietnamosasa Yushania

Bambusa
Bambusa is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of Bambusa are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).

They are native to Southeast Asia, South Asia, China, Taiwan, the Himalayas, New Guinea, Melanesia, and the Northern Territory of Australia. They are also reportedly naturalized in other regions, e.g. Africa, Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Salario (Rome)
Salario is the 4th quarter of Rome (Italy), identified with the initials Q. IV.

The toponym also indicates the Urban Zone 2D of the Municipio II of Rome Capital.

It takes its name from the Via Salaria and is the smallest quarter of Rome.

Via Salaria
The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy.
It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to Castrum Truentinum (Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed through Reate (Rieti) and Asculum (Ascoli Piceno).

Strada statale 4 Via Salaria (SS4) is the modern state highway that maintains the old road's name and runs on the same path from Rome to the Adriatic Sea.
Kosmos 2097
Kosmos 2097 (Russian: Космос 2097 meaning Cosmos 2097) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2097 was launched from Site 43/4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 07:49 UTC on 28 August 1990. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1990-076A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20767.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
East Burra
East Burra (Old Norse: Barrey) is one of the Scalloway Islands, a subgroup of the Shetland Islands in Scotland. It is connected by a bridge to West Burra.

With an area of 515 hectares (1,273 acres) it is the twelfth largest of the Shetland Islands.

East Burra has a much smaller population than West Burra and no substantial settlement; rather, there are a few hamlets and a scattering of individual croft houses.  It is known for its Neolithic remains including a burnt mound, and for sea caves.  The roofless, plain, Old Haa (manor or laird's house) of Houss is a prominent feature.  From Houss, it is possible to walk the two kilometres or so across Houss Ness to the cliffs at the southern end of the island.  From there, the island of South Havra, nowadays home only to sheep and seabirds, can be clearly seen.

East Burra is linked to the Shetland Mainland via West Burra and Trondra by a series of bridges.

Mainland, Shetland
The Mainland is the principal island of Shetland in Scotland. Covering an area of 899 km2 (347 sq mi), the island contains Shetland's only burgh, Lerwick, which is the main administrative centre, and major point of Shetland's ferry and air connections. The island has a diversified economy, with interests in agriculture, fishing, aquaculture, oil and gas, and tourism. It also forms part of a UNESCO Global Geopark, noted for its cliffs, moorlands, and diverse marine wildlife. Mainland is also the largest island in the North Sea.
Ancylobothrys
Ancylobothrys (sometimes spelled Ancylobotrys) is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae found in tropical and southern Africa.

As of December 2023, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:

Ancylobothrys amoena Hua – W + C + E Africa

Ancylobothrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon – Botswana, South Africa

Ancylobothrys petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre – E + C + S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar; naturalized in Mauritius

Ancylobothrys pumila K.Balkwill & R.A.Reddy – KwaZulu-Natal

Ancylobothrys pyriformis Pierre – C Africa

Ancylobothrys robusta Pierre – C Africa

Ancylobothrys scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Pichon – W + C Africa

Ancylobothrys tayloris (Stapf) Pichon – Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique

Ancylobothrys capensis
Ancylobothrys capensis, the wild apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed Southern African creeper of the family Apocynaceae.

It is evergreen, often scrambling over rocks and other plants. New growth is covered in velvety, reddish-brown hairs. When damaged it exudes copious amounts of white latex. The leathery leaves are broadly elliptic, simple, opposite and erect, with prominent venation on both surfaces. Flowers are fragrant, about 40mm diameter, brilliant white when open and pinkish in bud.

The round fruit are up to 50mm in diameter, khaki-green when immature, turning bright orange or yellow when ripe. The skin is thick, soft, brittle, and easily peeled. 3-4 seeds are embedded in a sweet and tasty acidic pulp.

The species is common and occurs in rocky areas, particularly on quartzites throughout KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Limpopo Province, North West Province and Botswana.
Haagse Hout
Haagse Hout (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦaːxsə ˈɦʌut]; lit. 'Woods of The Hague') is one of the eight districts of The Hague. This area was originally called Die Haghe Houte, which later became the current Haagse Hout. The district has 50,867 residents as of 1 January 2025. It is located in the north-east of the city, bordering Wassenaar to the north and Leidschendam-Voorburg to the east.

Districts of The Hague
The city of The Hague, Netherlands, consists of eight districts (stadsdelen, singular stadsdeel), similar to boroughs. Each district is divided into subdistricts (wijken). Each of these stadsdelen has its own district office (stadsdeelkantoor), where most of the local government activity is organised. These stadsdeelkantoren make many aspects of local government more accessible to residents. The current division of The Hague into individual stadsdelen was created in 1988 by the main city government. This division of The Hague into wijken (subdistricts) and buurten (neighbourhoods) deviates from the 1953 divisions that had been known to many residents.
Independiente del Valle Femenino
Dragonas Independiente del Valle, known simply as Independiente del Valle and Dragonas IDV, is an Ecuadorian women's football club based in Sangolquí, which plays at Estadio Banco Guayaquil. The team is the women's football section of the Independiente del Valle and currently play in the Superliga Femenina, the top-flight women's football league in the country.

Independiente del Valle
Club de Alto Rendimiento Especializado Independiente del Valle, known simply as Independiente del Valle, is a professional football club based in Sangolquí, Ecuador that currently plays in the Ecuadorian Serie A.

Founded in 1958, the club plays its home games at Estadio Banco Guayaquil, which opened in March 2021 and has a capacity of 12,000. In the 2013 Serie A season Independiente finished runners-up and they won their first league title in 2021.

In CONMEBOL competitions they reached the final of the 2016 Copa Libertadores after famously defeating powerhouses River Plate and Boca Juniors. They won their first Copa Sudamericana title in 2019, and three years later the club would become one of the few two-time Sudamericana champions after defeating São Paulo in the 2022 final.

Independiente have a renowned youth academy. Notable players they have produced include Junior Sornoza, Cristian Ramírez, Gonzalo Plata, Moisés Caicedo, Piero Hincapié, Willian Pacho and Kendry Páez.
April 1923 Kamchatka earthquake and tsunami
On April 14, 1923, at 02:31 local time, an earthquake occurred off the northern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the USSR, present-day Russia. The earthquake had a surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 6.8–7.3 and an estimated moment magnitude (Mw ) of 7.0–8.2. This event came just two months after a slightly larger earthquake with an epicenter struck south of the April event. Both earthquakes were tsunamigenic although the latter generated wave heights far exceeding that of the one in February. After two foreshocks of "moderate force", the main event caused considerable damage. Most of the 36 casualties were the result of the tsunami inundation rather than the earthquake.

Megathrust earthquake
Megathrust earthquakes occur at convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another. The earthquakes are caused by slip along the thrust fault that forms the contact between the two plates. These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes (Mw) that can exceed 9.0. Since 1900, all earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater have been megathrust earthquakes.

The thrust faults responsible for megathrust earthquakes often lie at the bottom of oceanic trenches; in such cases, the earthquakes can abruptly displace the sea floor over a large area. As a result, megathrust earthquakes often generate tsunamis that are considerably more destructive than the earthquakes themselves. Teletsunamis can cross ocean basins to devastate areas far from the original earthquake.
Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain
The Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain is a memorial fountain in President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.  Dedicated in October 1913, it commemorates the deaths of Archibald Butt (the military aide to President William Howard Taft) and Francis Davis Millet (a journalist and painter, and Butt's close friend and housemate).  Both men died during the sinking of the RMS Titanic on April 15, 1912.

President's Park
President's Park, located in downtown Washington, D.C., encompasses the White House and includes the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, the Treasury Building, and grounds; the White House Visitor Center; Lafayette Square; and the Ellipse.  President's Park was the original name of Lafayette Square.

President's Park is administered by the National Park Service.

The park is officially referred to as President's Park or The White House and President's Park.
Wörishofer
Wörishofer is a type of orthopaedic ladies' sandal made in Bad Wörishofen.  They have a cork wedge in the sole which is light and acts as a shock absorber.  They were first designed in the 1940s and have been considered practical but ugly.  But in 2010, they became fashionable, being worn by celebrities such as Kirsten Dunst and Maggie Gyllenhaal.  They may be compared to other practical shoes which have been fashionable, including Birkenstocks, crocs, Dr. Martens, Dr. Scholl's and Ugg boots.

Podiatrist Beverley Ashdown rated them 8/10 in a comparison with other fashionable ugly shoes.

Birkenstock
Birkenstock Holding plc is a German shoe manufacturer known for its sandals and other shoes notable for contoured cork footbeds (soles), made with layers of suede and jute, which conform to the shape of their wearers' feet. Founded in 1774 by Johann Adam Birkenstock and headquartered in Neustadt (Wied), Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the company's original purpose was to create shoes that support and contour the foot, compared to the flat soles of many shoes during that time. In 1896, the Fussbett (footbed) was designed, and by 1925, Birkenstocks were sold all over Europe.

In 1966, Margot Fraser first brought Birkenstocks to America. In the United States, they were sold in health stores, thus becoming associated with hippies in the 1970s.
Mare Australe quadrangle
The Mare Australe quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Mare Australe quadrangle is also referred to as MC-30 (Mars Chart-30). The quadrangle covers all the area of Mars south of 65°, including the South polar ice cap, and its surrounding area. The quadrangle's name derives from an older name for a feature that is now called Planum Australe, a large plain surrounding the polar cap. The Mars polar lander crash landed in this region.

Planum Australe
Planum Australe (Latin: "the southern plain") is the southern polar plain on Mars. It extends southward of roughly 75°S and is centered at 83°54′S 160°00′E﻿ / ﻿83.9°S 160.0°E﻿ / -83.9; 160.0. The geology of this region was to be explored by the failed NASA mission Mars Polar Lander, which lost contact on entry into the Martian atmosphere.

In July 2018, scientists reported the discovery, based on MARSIS radar studies, of a subglacial lake on Mars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap, and extending sideways about 20 km (12 mi), the first known stable body of water on the planet.
Borneomma
Borneomma is a genus of Indonesian araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae that was first described by Christa Laetitia Deeleman-Reinhold in 1980. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found on Borneo: B. roberti and B. yuata.

Tetrablemmidae
Tetrablemmidae, sometimes called armored spiders, is a family of tropical araneomorph spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1873. It contains around 150 described species in 27 genera from southeast Asia, with a few that occur in Africa and Central and South America.

Pacullidae was incorporated into this family in 1981, but was later restored as a separate family in a 2016 phylogenetic study.

Most species have been collected from litter and soil, including that of epiphytes. Some live in caves and show typical adaptations of cave spiders, such as loss of eyes and weak sclerotization. Members of Tetrablemma only have four eyes, a trait in spiders only found in these and certain members of Caponiidae.
2023 China Open (tennis)
The 2023 China Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the China Open for the men and the 24th for the women. The tournament is categorized as an ATP 500 event on the 2023 ATP Tour, and as a WTA 1000 event on the 2023 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's tournaments were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing from 28 September to 4 October for the men, and from 30 September to 8 October for the women. This was the first edition of the China Open since 2019, with the intervening editions cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

China Open (tennis)
The China Open is a hardcourt tennis tournament organized by the Chinese Tennis Association annually at the China National Tennis Center in Beijing, China. It is held in late September and early October. The women's event is a WTA 1000 event on the WTA Tour, while the men's is an ATP 500 event on the ATP Tour. The total prize money for the 2023 tournament is US$11.62 million, the highest for tournaments of the same level.

The tournament was first held in 1993, discontinued in 1998, and reinstated in 2004. In 2006, the China Open became the first tournament outside the United States to use the Hawk-Eye system in match play.
Deh-e Daran, Kerman
Deh-e Daran (Persian: ده دران, also Romanized as Deh-e Darān and Deh Darān) is a village in Rameshk Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 21 families.

Rameshk Rural District
Rameshk Rural District (Persian: دهستان رمشك) is in Chah Dadkhoda District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kangaru. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rameshk, now a city.
Streaking (microbiology)
In microbiology, streaking is a mechanical technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism, often bacteria. Samples from a colony derived from a single cell are taken from the streaked plate to create a genetically identical microbiological culture grown on a new plate so that the organism can be identified, studied, or tested.  Different patterns can be used to streak a plate. All involve the dilution of bacteria by systematically streaking them over the exterior of the agar in a Petri dish to obtain isolated colonies which contain gradually fewer numbers of cells. If the agar surface grows microorganisms which are all genetically same, the culture is then considered as a pure microbiological culture.

Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the 19th century who introduced practices such as the sterilizing of surgical tools and the wearing of surgical gloves during operations. The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility. Ideally, an operating field is sterile, meaning it is free of all biological contaminants (e.g. fungi, bacteria, viruses), not just those that can cause disease, putrefaction, or fermentation. Even in an aseptic state, a condition of sterile inflammation may develop. The term often refers to those practices used to promote or induce asepsis in an operative field of surgery or medicine to prevent infection.
Gerin (crater)
Gerin is 445 km (313 mile) wide impact crater on Saturn's moon Iapetus, located on Saragossa Terra. It is partially obscured by the larger crater, Engelier, whose formation has destroyed about half of Gerin. Gerin is located at 45°36′S 233°00′W﻿ / ﻿45.6°S 233°W﻿ / -45.6; -233

Saragossa Terra
Saragossa Terra is the name given to the southern part of the highly reflective half of Saturn's moon Iapetus. It is bordered on the north by Roncevaux Terra, and on both the east and west sides by Cassini Regio.

The largest named crater in Saragossa Terra is the 504-km-diameter Engelier. It partially obscures the slightly smaller crater Gerin. Both craters are named for paladins mentioned in The Song of Roland.
Two-Face in other media
The character Two-Face was created by Bob Kane and first appeared in Detective Comics #66 (August 1942). However, he did not appear outside comics until half a century later in Batman: The Animated Series. Two-Face has since been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, such as feature films, television series and video games. Two-Face has been voiced by Richard Moll in the DC Animated Universe, Troy Baker in the Batman: Arkham series, Billy Dee Williams in The Lego Batman Movie, and William Shatner in Batman vs. Two-Face. His live-action portrayals include Billy Dee Williams in Batman (1989), Tommy Lee Jones in Batman Forever, Aaron Eckhart in The Dark Knight, Harry Lawtey in Joker: Folie à Deux, Sebastian Stan in The Batman: Part II, and Nicholas D'Agosto in the television series Gotham. In 2009, Two-Face was ranked #12 on IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time.

Gilda Dent
Gilda Dent (née Gold), occasionally referred to as Grace, is a fictional character who has appeared in Batman comic books since Detective Comics #66 (August 1942). Associated with her fiancé (later husband) Harvey Dent, who becomes the criminal mastermind Two-Face, she has since been a recurring character throughout various Batman stories involving him. Her largest role is in the Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale collaboration Batman: The Long Halloween, where she became the criminal known as Holiday, a serial killer who killed members of Gotham City's crime families in correlation with holidays in the yearly calendar.

She was voiced by Julie Nathanson in the animated film adaptation of Batman: The Long Halloween.
Value and Capital
Value and Capital: An Inquiry Into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory is a book by the British economist John Richard Hicks, published in 1939. It is considered a classic exposition of microeconomic theory. Central results include:

extension of consumer theory for individual and market equilibrium as to goods demanded with explicit use of only ordinal utility for individuals, rather than requiring interpersonal utility comparisons

analysis of the 2-good as to effects of a price change and mathematical extension to any number of goods without loss of generality

parallel results for production theory

extension of general equilibrium theory of markets and adaptation  of static-equilibrium theory to economic dynamics in distinguishing temporary and long-run equilibrium through expectation of agents.

Long run and short run
In economics, the long-run is a theoretical concept in which all markets are in equilibrium, and all prices and quantities have fully adjusted and are in equilibrium. The long-run contrasts with the short-run, in which there are some constraints and markets are not fully in equilibrium. 
More specifically, in microeconomics there are no fixed factors of production in the long-run, and there is enough time for adjustment so that there are no constraints preventing changing the output level by changing the capital stock or by entering or leaving an industry. This contrasts with the short-run, where some factors are variable (dependent on the quantity produced) and others are fixed (paid once), constraining entry or exit from an industry.  In macroeconomics, the long-run is the period when the general price level,  contractual wage rates, and expectations adjust fully to the state of the economy, in contrast to the short-run when these variables may not fully adjust.