hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Cure Bowl
The 2018 Cure Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 15, 2018, with kickoff scheduled for 1:30 p.m. EST. It was the fourth edition of the Cure Bowl, and one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by automotive retailer AutoNation, the game was officially known as the AutoNation Cure Bowl.

Cure Bowl
The Cure Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that has been played in December of each year since 2015 in Orlando, Florida. It is currently held at Camping World Stadium, and in the past has been held at FBC Mortgage Stadium and Exploria Stadium, now known respectively as Acrisure Bounce House and Inter&Co Stadium. The Cure Bowl is so named to promote awareness and research of breast cancer, with proceeds going to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. The Cure Bowl usually features teams from the American Conference and the Sun Belt Conference. Since 2024, it has been sponsored by the health care employment website StaffDNA and officially known as the StaffDNA Cure Bowl; previous sponsors include AutoNation (2014–2018), FBC Mortgage (2019–2020), Tailgreeter (2021), Duluth Trading Company (2022), and Avocados from Mexico (2023).
San Pedro Square
San Pedro Square is a historic neighborhood of San Jose, California, located in northern Downtown San Jose. One of San Jose's oldest districts, San Pedro Square today is a popular dining and entertainment destination for Downtown.

Thomas Fallon
Thomas Fallon (1825–1885) an Irish-born Californian politician, best known for serving as 10th Mayor of San Jose. Fallon remains a controversial figure in San Jose's history, owing to his role in the American Conquest of California.
Neoendorphin
Neoendorphins are a group of endogenous opioid peptides derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prodynorphin. They include α-neoendorphin and β-neoendorphin. The α-neoendorphin is present in greater amounts in the brain than β-neoendorphin. Both are products of the dynorphin gene, which also expresses dynorphin A,  dynorphin A-(1-8), and dynorphin B. These opioid neurotransmitters are especially active in  Central Nervous System receptors, whose primary function is pain sensation. These peptides all have the consensus amino acid sequence of Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (met-enkephalin) or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu (leu-enkephalin). Binding of neoendorphins to opioid receptors (OPR), in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons results in the reduction of time of calcium-dependent action potential. The α-neoendorphins bind OPRD1(delta),  OPRK1(kappa), and  OPRM1 (mu) and β-neoendorphin bind OPRK1.

Α-Neoendorphin
α-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a decapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Lys.

α-Neoendorphin is a neuropeptide. Prodynorphin or Proenkephalin B is its precursor. Researchers and anatomists have not yet studied the distribution of α-neoendorphin in the human in detail. However, some studies have been done which supports the presence of α-neoendorphin immunoreactive fibers throughout the human brainstem. According to a study done by Duque, Ewing, Arturo Mangas, Pablo Salinas, Zaida Díaz-cabiale, José Narváez, and Rafael Coveñas; α-neoendorphin immunoreactive fibers can be found in the caudal part of the solitary nucleus, in the caudal and the gelatinosa parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and only low density was found in the central grey matter of medulla.
AMT Genova
The AMT Genova, formally known as the Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti and formerly as the Azienda Municipalizzata Trasporti, is a joint stock company that holds the concession for public transport in the Italian city of Genoa.

Genova Brignole railway station
Genova Brignole railway station is the second largest station of Genoa, northern Italy; it is located on Piazza Verdi in the town center at the foot of the Montesano hill (the main long-distance station is Genova Piazza Principe station). Brignole is used by about 60,000 passengers a day and 22,000,000 per year.
ERA APAC Centre
ERA APAC Centre, formerly known as Toa Payoh Theatre, Toa Payoh Entertainment Centre, Hersing Centre, ERA Centre, is a mixed-use development complex and former entertainment centre in Singapore. It is located near Toa Payoh Bus Interchange and Toa Payoh MRT station, beside HDB Hub and Orange Tee Building.

Toa Payoh Bus Interchange
Toa Payoh Bus Interchange is an air-conditioned bus interchange located at Toa Payoh Town Centre, serving the town of Toa Payoh and  Braddell. At the time of opening on 19 May 2002 by then Minister for Transport, Yeo Cheow Tong, it is the first air-conditioned bus interchange in Singapore, integrated within the Toa Payoh HDB Hub and built on top of Toa Payoh MRT station.
The Ex discography
The Ex are a Dutch music group from Amsterdam founded in 1979. In their four decades as a band, they have moved from playing anarcho punk to post punk, jazz, folk and African music. They have collaborated on records with fellow indie musicians Chumbawamba, Dog Faced Hermans, Tortoise and Sonic Youth, improvisers like Tom Cora and the Instant Composers Pool, and toured with African musicians Konono Nº1 and Getatchew Mekurya.

The band have released many albums on their own label, Ex Records. Members of The Ex also run small labels through which they release solo material and collaborations with other artists. These include Terrie Hessels' Terp Records, Andy Moor's Unsounds, and Arnold de Boer's Makkum. The Ex distribute all these through their website, along with recordings and publications by founding member and former vocalist G.W. Sok.

Instant Composers Pool
Instant Composers Pool (ICP) is an independent Dutch jazz and improvised music label and orchestra. Founded in 1967, the label takes its name from the concept that improvisation is "instant composition". The ICP label has published more than 50 releases to date, with most of its releases featuring the ICP Orchestra and its members.
Ida Rauh
Ida Rauh (March 7, 1877 – February 28, 1970) was an American suffragist, actress, sculptor, and poet who helped found the Provincetown Players in 1915. The players, including Susan Glaspell, George Cram Cook, John Reed, Hutchins Hapgood, Eugene O'Neill, and others, first performed in a structure owned by Mary Heaton Vorse in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Later, the group moved to a theater on MacDougal Street in Greenwich Village. Rauh directed the first production of O'Neill's one-act play Where the Cross Is Made for the opening of the permanent Provincetown Playhouse at 133 Macdougal Street in November 1918, and in the Village she became known for her intensely emotional acting.

John Reed (journalist)
John Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist. Reed first gained prominence as a war correspondent during the Mexican Revolution for Metropolitan and World War I for The Masses. He is best known for his coverage of the October Revolution in Petrograd, Russia, which he wrote about in his 1919 book Ten Days That Shook the World.

Reed supported the Soviet takeover of Russia, even briefly taking up arms to join the Red Guards in 1918. He hoped for a similar communist revolution in the United States, and co-founded the short-lived Communist Labor Party of America in 1919. He died in Moscow of spotted typhus in 1920. At the time of his death, he may have soured on the Soviet leadership, but he was given a hero's burial by the Soviet Union and is one of only five Americans buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
Aspergillus vadensis
Aspergillus vadensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli which are important industrial workhorses. A. vadensis belongs to the Nigri section. The species was first described in 2004. It has been found in air in Egypt. It produces the secondary metabolites asperazine and aurasperone A.

The genome of A. vadensis was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 35.66 Mbp.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
14 Andromedae
14 Andromedae, abbreviated 14 And, also named Veritate /ˌvɛrɪˈteɪtiː/, is a single, orange-hued giant star situated 248 light-years away in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.22. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −60 km/s. In 2008 an extrasolar planet (designated 14 Andromedae b, later named Spe) was discovered to be orbiting the star.

This is a red clump giant with a stellar classification of K0 III, a star that has passed the first-giant branch and is now on the horizontal branch, generating energy through helium fusion at its core. The star has expanded to 12.7 times the Sun's radius and is radiating 58 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,483 K. Its exact mass and age are still uncertain.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Festhalle
A Festhalle (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛst.halə]; plural, Festhallen [ˈfɛst.halən]) is a German arena or community center. The literal meaning of the name "Festhalle" literally means "Feast-Hall," but is best translated as "Festival Hall" or "Civic Center." Festhallen can be found in many towns and cities in Germany, and range in size and use from small neighborhood activity centers, to large capacity stadiums able to seat thousands of spectators. Some of the best known Festhallen in Germany are as follows:

Berlin
The Festhalle Plauen
Seating ~ 4,820

Stuttgart
Festhalle Stuttgart-Feuerbach
Seating ~ 18,000

Dresden
Arena Dresden
Seating ~ 13,000

Frankfurt
Festhalle Frankfurt
Seating ~ 15,179

Munich
The Löwenbräu-Festhalle
Seating ~ 5,700

Festhalle Frankfurt
Festhalle Frankfurt, known in English as Frankfurt Festival Arena, is a multi-purpose arena located in Frankfurt, Germany. The interior of the dome at its highest reaches a height of 40 meters. It provides an area of 5,646 square metres, offering by a variable grandstand system space for up to 8,500 people (together with the two tiers) seated, and 13,500 people unseated.
23rd New York State Legislature
The 23rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 28 to April 8, 1800, during the fifth year of John Jay's governorship, in Albany.

Cayuga County, New York
Cayuga County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,248. Its county seat and largest city is Auburn. The county was named for the Cayuga people, one of the Native American tribes in the Iroquois Confederation. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Cayuga County comprises the Auburn, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Syracuse-Auburn, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Cagua Volcano
Cagua Volcano is a stratovolcano located in the Philippine province of Cagayan. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and has erupted twice in recorded history. Its last eruption was in 1907.

Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph; 90 ft/s) but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700 km/h (190 m/s; 430 mph; 640 ft/s). The gases and tephra can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).

Pyroclastic flows are the deadliest of all volcanic hazards and are produced as a result of certain explosive eruptions; they normally touch the ground and hurtle downhill or spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the density of the current, the volcanic output rate, and the gradient of the slope.
Lemurpediculus verruculosus
Lemurpediculus verruculosus is an ectoparasite that is found on Microcebus rufus, a mouse lemur of southeastern Madagascar. It is a type of sucking louse that is found on the external ears of the mouse lemur due to the rich peripheral blood supply and sparse fur. The mouse lemur M. rufus is the only known host to this particular sucking louse, and infestations range from light to fairly heavy on the ears. The exact effect these lice have on the host is largely unknown.

Previously, only female L. verruculosus lice were recovered during one of Harry Hoogstraal's collecting expeditions, making the female louse the better-described sex. However, it has been recently discovered that there are three sexes of this ectoparasite: male, female and an instar nymph which is morphologically and reproductively different from either male or female.

Sucking louse
Sucking lice (known scientifically as Anoplura) are a parvorder of around 550 species of lice. All sucking lice are blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases.

At least three species or subspecies of Anoplura are parasites of humans; the human condition of being infested with sucking lice is called pediculosis. Pediculus humanus is divided into two subspecies, Pediculus humanus humanus, or the human body louse, sometimes nicknamed "the seam squirrel" for its habit of laying of eggs in the seams of clothing, and Pediculus humanus capitis, or the human head louse. Pthirus pubis (the human pubic louse) is the cause of the condition known as crabs.
Dear Reality
Dear Reality GmbH is a German company specialising in 3D audio software and virtual acoustics. They have developed software tools for professional audio production of linear and interactive immersive audio content in augmented reality, virtual reality, video games, sound design and music.

3D audio effect
3D audio effects are a group of sound effects that manipulate the sound produced by stereo speakers, surround-sound speakers, speaker-arrays, or headphones. This frequently involves the virtual placement of sound sources anywhere in three-dimensional space, including behind, above or below the listener.

3-D audio (processing) is the spatial domain convolution of sound waves using head-related transfer functions. It is the phenomenon of transforming sound waves (using head-related transfer function or HRTF filters and cross talk cancellation techniques) to mimic natural sounds waves, which emanate from a point in a 3-D space. It allows trickery of the brain using the ears and auditory nerves, pretending to place different sounds in different 3-D locations upon hearing the sounds, even though the sounds may just be produced from only two speakers (dissimilar to surround sound).
Collota (Huaylas)
Collota (possibly from Quechua for mortar)  is a 4,716-metre-high (15,472 ft) mountain in the north of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaylas Province, Yuracmarca District. It lies east of Milluacocha and Pilanco.

Pilanco
Pilanco (possibly from the Ancash Quechua word for dam,)  is a mountain in the north of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about 5,286 metres (17,343 ft) high. It is located in Yuracmarca District, Huaylas Province, Ancash. Pilanco lies northeast of Santa Cruz, northwest of Alpamayo and east of Millwaqucha. Los Cedros Creek flows along its southern slopes, receiving the name Alpamayo in that section.
Jean Nunn
Jean Josephine Nunn, CB, CBE (21 July 1916 – 24 November 1982) was a senior British civil servant. She served as Principal Private Secretary to James Chuter Ede and Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, during their time as Home Secretary. She later served as Deputy Secretary of the Cabinet Office. She was the first woman to be admitted to the Order of the Bath.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Galowych
Galowych, Gallowych or Gallouich (rendered as Serbo-Croatian: Galović and Slovene: Galovič) was a Slavic surname found in Habsburg Latin sources of the 16th and 17th centuries. Bearers were present in present-day Czech Republic, Slovenia and Croatia, and included Iwan, Michel, Andreas, Georgius (colonizer in Prachatice), Nicolaus (colonizer in Tišina), Stephan (colonizer in Savinja), Blasius (in Mraclin), Michael (in Ivanić). Today, the surnames of Galović and Galovič exist in former Yugoslavia.

Galović (surname)
Galović (Croatian pronunciation: [ɡâːloʋitɕ]) is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Đuka Galović (1924–2015), Croatian folk musician and songwriter

Fran Galović (1887–1914), Croatian poet, author, and critic

Nino Galović (born 1992), Croatian footballer

Viktor Galović (born 1990), Croatian tennis player
2006 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The 2006 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships was the 25th edition of the global wildwater canoeing competition, Wildwater Canoeing World Championships, organised by the International Canoe Federation.

Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The Wildwater Canoeing World Championships are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every two years from 1959 to 1995 and then from 1996 to 2001, from 2011 the event is annual.
Melpeia
Melpeia (Ancient Greek: Μέλπεια) was a locality (Ancient Greek: χωρίον) in ancient Arcadia, situated on the mountain Nomia, which is a part of Mount Lycaeus. There was a sanctuary of the Nomian Pan, who is said to have discovered the pan flute here. According to the Arcadians, the name "Nomia" was derived from the nymph Nomia. It was situated near Lycosura.

A sanctuary of Pan, very likely the one reported by Pausanias, was excavated in 1902 at a ruined chapel of Ai Strategos near the village of Neda (formerly Berekla). Finds included bronze figurines of the archaic and classical periods and an ash altar.

The present villages Kato Melpeia and Ano Melpeia in the municipality of Oichalia in northern Messenia were named after Melpeia.

Arcadia (region)
Arcadia (/ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/; Greek: Ἀρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía) is a region in the central Peloponnese, Greece. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas, and in Greek mythology it was the home of the gods Hermes and Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness; as such, it was referenced in popular culture.

The modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region, but is slightly larger.
2023 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 2023 Hawthorn Football Club season was the club's 99th season in the Australian Football League and 122nd overall, the 24th season playing home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the 23rd season playing home games at the University of Tasmania Stadium and the 2nd season under head coach Sam Mitchell, and the 1st season with James Sicily as captain.

James Sicily
James Sicily (born 6 January 1995) is a professional Australian rules footballer and the current co-captain of the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), alongside Jai Newcombe.
Nijmegen
Nijmegen (/ˈnaɪmeɪɡən/ NY-may-gən, Dutch: [ˈnɛimeːɣə(n)] ⓘ; Nijmeegs: Nimwèège [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːçə]) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence.

Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and a Hanseatic city in 1402. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual Vierdaagse — the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event.

Its population as of 2024 was 187,011.

Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (German: Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, Latin: urbs imperialis libera), was used from the 15th century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

An imperial city held the status of imperial immediacy, and was subordinate only to the Holy Roman Emperor, as opposed to a territorial city or town (Landstadt), which was subordinate to a territorial prince – be it an ecclesiastical lord (prince-bishop, prince-abbot), or a secular prince (duke (Herzog), margrave, count (Graf), etc.).
Nigorigawa Caldera
Nigorigawa Caldera (Japanese: 濁川カルデラ, Nigorigawa karudera) is a volcanic crater in Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan. It has an elevation of 1,168 ft (356m) and it last erupted 12,000 years ago. The caldera has a diameter of 3km.

A town of the same name is located at the caldera. East of Nigorigawa is the town of Mori and an active volcano known as Koma-ga-take.

Hokkaido Koma-ga-take
Hokkaidō Koma-ga-take (北海道駒ヶ岳, Hokkaidō Koma-ga-take), also Oshima Koma-ga-take (渡島駒ヶ岳), Oshima Fuji (渡島富士), or just Koma-ga-take (駒ヶ岳) is a 1,131 metres (3,711 ft) andesitic stratovolcano on the border between Mori, Shikabe, and Nanae, all within the Oshima Subprefecture of Hokkaidō, Japan.

Occurrence of volcanic activity started some 30,000 years ago. Following roughly 5,000 years of dormancy, volcanic activity at Mount Koma-ga-take restarted in 1640. The 1640 eruption had an estimated volume of 2.9 km3 (0.70 mi3) with a dense-rock equivalent of 1.1 km3 (0.26 mi3). It also contained a debris avalanche which caused a tsunami, resulting in over 700 deaths. Runup heights of >8 m (26 ft) were recorded. Since then, there have been at least 50 recorded volcanic events at Mount Koma-ga-take.

Relief Map

Viewed from NW.

Viewed from ESE.