hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duncan Islands
The Duncan Islands are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, northwest of the Bramble Channel of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The islands are situated north of Thursday Island and approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of Badu Island. The Duncan Islands are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area.

The Duncan Islands include three uninhabited islands:

Kanig Island

Maitak Island

Meth Islet

The first Europeans to discover the islands were the survivors of the wreck of Governor Ready, who were sailing to Timor in their boats.

Torres Strait Island Region
The Torres Strait Island Region is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia, covering part of the Torres Strait Islands. It was created in March 2008 out of 15 autonomous Island Councils during a period of statewide local government reform. It has offices in each of its 15 communities, and satellite services in Thursday Island and in Cairns (which are outside of the region).

In the 2021 census, the Torres Strait Island Region had a population of 4,124 people.
1965 AAA Championships
The 1965 AAA Championships was the 1965 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 9 to 10 July 1965 at White City Stadium in London, England.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
Górki Zadzimskie
Górki Zadzimskie [ˈɡurki zaˈd͡ʑimskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Zadzim, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado
The 2006 congressional elections in Colorado were elections for Colorado's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 7, 2006.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
White Moss
White Moss is an area lying on the common borders of the City of Manchester and the towns of Middleton and Chadderton in Greater Manchester.

White Moss is an extensive area of former wetlands and farms, now bisected by the M60 motorway and the arterial road Victoria Avenue from east to west. The part of White Moss north of the motorway lies partially in both Alkrington in the town of Middleton and the town of Chadderton to the west of Greengate. This part of White Moss is home to Blackley Golf Club.

The area of White Moss lying south of the M60 has become a suburban residential area and forms part of Charlestown ward in the City of Manchester, on the historic border of  Moston and Blackley townships. The Manchester Creative and Media Academy and North Manchester Rugby Club lie within this area.

Greengate, Greater Manchester
Greengate is an industrial district in the town of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.

It is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.

For postal purposes Greengate lies within the Manchester postal district (M24, Middleton).

British aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area.  The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.
Lycaena salustius
Lycaena salustius, the common copper or the coastal copper, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is known in the Māori language as pepe para riki, a name that is shared with a few other members of the genus Lycaena native to New Zealand.

The wingspan is 24–35 mm. Adults are on wing from October to April.

The larvae feed on Muehlenbeckia species.

Lycaena
Lycaena is a genus of butterflies. The genus range is Holarctic, with the exception of four species found in New Zealand, two in South Africa, one in New Guinea and one in Java. It is commonly divided into several subgenera, such as Antipodolycaena. Many formerly independent genera are now subsumed within Lycaena; the genus Gaiedes may also belong here. Many of the subgenera, species groups and species listed here may be synonyms.
Neftebaza, Olyokminsky District, Sakha Republic
Neftebaza (Russian: Нефтебаза) is a rural locality (a selo), one of five settlements, in addition to Olyokminsk, the administrative centre of the settlement, Zaton LORPa, Aviaport and Selivanovo in the Town of Olyokminsk of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from Olyokminsk. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 259.

Olyokminsk
Olyokminsk (Russian: Олёкминск, IPA: [ɐˈlʲɵkmʲɪnsk]; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ, Ölüöxüme) is a town and the administrative center of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, 651 kilometers (405 mi) southwest of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,494.
Caproni Ca.193
The Caproni Ca.193 was an Italian liaison and air-taxi aircraft that was offered to the Italian Air Force as an instrument flight trainer and to the Navy for liaison. Design work started in 1945 and only the prototype was built. It was the last aircraft the Caproni company designed and built in Milan.

Walter Minor
The Walter Minor is a family of four- and six-cylinder inverted inline air-cooled engines, developed under auspices of ing. Šimůnek and used on light aircraft.  First produced in 1929, the Minor engines' family has an advanced design for the period and sports steel cylinders, aluminum heads and overhead valves, with identical bore and stroke of 105 mm (4.1 in) and 115 mm (4.5 in), respectively. Typical power ratings varied from 105 to 160 hp (78 to 119 kW).

After Walter concentrated on the turbine powerplants only, the production of piston engines has been transferred to the Avia company that further developed the family, bringing fuel injection, as the Avia M-137 and M-337. Nowadays the smallest of the family, the four-cylinder carburetted Minor, is produced by a small company in the Czech Republic, while the M337 was available from the LOM Prague.
TSG Pfeddersheim
TSG Pfeddersheim is a German association football club from the Pfeddersheim suburb of Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate.

The club's most notable achievement has been to qualify for the first round of the DFB-Pokal on six occasions, in 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 2000–01 and 2013–14.

Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar
The Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, formerly the Oberliga Südwest, is the highest regional football league for the Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland states of Germany, organized by the Southwestern Regional Football Association. It is one of twelve Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system. Before the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994, it was the third tier.

From January 1946 up until the creation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the Oberliga Südwest was one of the five highest divisions in Germany. The current league originates from 1978.
Kosmos 1675
Kosmos 1675 (Russian: Космос 1675 meaning Cosmos 1675) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1985 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1675 was launched from Site 16/42 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 15:09 UTC on 12 August 1985. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1985-071A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15952.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
Villafranca Sicula
Villafranca Sicula is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Agrigento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,496 and an area of 17.7 square kilometres (6.8 sq mi).

Villafranca Sicula borders the following municipalities: Burgio, Calamonaci, Caltabellotta, Lucca Sicula.

The Roman Catholic cardinal Salvatore Pappalardo (1918–2006), archbishop emeritus of Palermo, is a well-known native of Villafranca Sicula.

Caltabellotta
Caltabellotta (Sicilian: Cataviḍḍotta) is a municipality (comune) in the province of Agrigento, in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Agrigento.

As of 2025, with a population of 3,094, the municipality is the 235th-largest in Sicily. In addition to the main portion of Caltabellotta, it also contains the frazione of Sant'Anna.
Sievers's law
Sievers's law in Indo-European linguistics accounts for the pronunciation of a consonant cluster with a glide (*w or *y) before a vowel as it was affected by the phonetics of the preceding syllable. Specifically, it refers to the alternation between *iy and *y, and possibly *uw and *w as conditioned by the weight of the preceding syllable. For instance, Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *kor-yo-s became Proto-Germanic *harjaz, Gothic harjis "army", but PIE *ḱerdh-yo-s became Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz, Gothic hairdeis /hɛrdiːs/ "shepherd". It differs from ablaut in that the alternation has no morphological relevance but is phonologically context-sensitive: PIE *iy followed a heavy syllable (a syllable with a diphthong or long vowel, or ending in more than one consonant), but *y would follow a light syllable (a short vowel followed by a single consonant).

Don Ringe (linguist)
Donald A. Ringe Jr. (/ˈrɪndʒ/ RINJ; born 1954) is an American linguist and Indo-Europeanist.

He has been described as a historical linguist and as a mathematical linguist. He is multi-lingual. He employs mathematics in his work on language family trees and the Proto-Indo-European language.

Ringe graduated from University of Kentucky and received a Master of Philosophy in linguistics as a Marshall Scholar from the University of Oxford. He received a Ph.D. in linguistics at Yale University in 1984, under the supervision of Warren Cowgill. He taught Classics at Bard College from 1983 to 1985. Since 1985, he has been on the Faculty in Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania, where he has been a full professor since 1996.

He is the author of numerous articles and books, chiefly on historical Indo-European linguistics, especially Ancient Greek, Tocharian and the Germanic languages.
Limpurg Hills
The Limpurg Hills (German: Limpurger Berge) are a hill range, up to 564.7 m above sea level (NHN), in the Swabian-Franconian Forest in the counties of Schwäbisch Hall and  Ostalbkreis in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The majority of the region belonged formerly to Limpurg Land owned by the family of Schenken von Limpurg, whose name was derived from their family home, Limpurg Castle near Schwäbisch Hall.

Ostalbkreis
The Ostalbkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈɔstʔalpˌkʁaɪs] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in the east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on the border to Bavaria. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Schwäbisch Hall, Ansbach, Donau-Ries, Heidenheim, Göppingen and Rems-Murr.
Glycerol-1,2-carbonate
Glycerol-1,2-carbonate is formally the cyclic ester of carbonic acid with glycerol and has aroused great interest as a possible product from the "waste materials" carbon dioxide CO2 and glycerol (especially from biodiesel production) with a wide range of applications.

The currently unsatisfactory yields and complex process conditions in direct synthesis stand in the way of a further spread of glycerol carbonate as a solvent and molecular building block from renewable raw materials.

Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an organic compound with the formula OC(OCH3)2.  It is a colourless, flammable liquid.  It is classified as a carbonate ester. This compound has found use as a methylating agent and as a co-solvent in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, dimethyl carbonate is a weak methylating agent, and is not considered as a carcinogen. Instead, dimethyl carbonate is often considered to be a green reagent,
and it is exempt from the restrictions placed on most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the United States.
The Crown (hotel)
The Crown (also known as The Crown Inn) is a 16th-century coaching inn in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England, located on the High Street opposite the Market Hall. The Crown is a Grade II listed building with an Elizabethan exterior and the interior retaining some original features including a mural dating to the 16th century in one bedroom.  The inn is currently operated as part of an independent hotel chain, Old Amersham Hotels, and has interiors designed by Ilse Crawford.   The hotel has 40 bedrooms, one of which was used as a location in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral. The hotel's restaurant is called The Chop House, reflecting the style of food historically served in coaching inns.

Amersham
Amersham (/ˈæmərʃəm/ AM-ər-shəm) is a market town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England, in the Chiltern Hills, 27 miles (43 km) northwest of central London, 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Aylesbury and 9 miles (14 km) north-east of High Wycombe. Amersham is part of the London commuter belt.

There are two distinct areas:

Old Amersham, set in the valley of the River Misbourne, containing the 13th-century parish church of St. Mary's and several old pubs and coaching inns

Amersham-on-the-Hill, which grew in the early 20th century around Amersham station, which was served by the Metropolitan Railway (now the Metropolitan line) and the Great Central Railway.
Risalah Maktubaat
Risalah Maktubaat (Persian: رساله مکتوبات, lit. ‘Treatise of Letters’) is a collection of Persian-language letters written by Mir Syed Ali Hamadani (1314–1384 CE), a prominent Sufi scholar, missionary, and saint of the Kubrawiya order. Known as Shah-e-Hamadan in Kashmir, Hamadani addressed these letters to disciples, rulers, and followers, offering guidance on spiritual practices, moral conduct, and governance. The work is significant for its insights into Hamadani’s role as a spiritual leader and diplomat in 14th-century Kashmir.

Qutbu'd-Din Shah
Qutbu'd-Din Shah Miri (Kashmiri: قُطبُ الدیٖن شاہ میٖری, Persian: قُطُب اُلدِین شَاہ مِیری); reigned 6 June 1373 – 24 August 1389), commonly known as Qutbu'd-Din Shah, born Hindal (lit. The Conqueror of India). was a ruler from the Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir. He was the sixth Sultan of Kashmir and ruled from 1373 till his death in 1389.
Lucile Petry Leone
Lucile Petry Leone (January 23, 1902 – November 25, 1999) was an American nurse who was the founding director of the Cadet Nurse Corps in 1943. Because the Nurse Corps met its recruiting quotas, it was not necessary for the US to draft nurses in World War II. She was the first woman and the first nurse to be appointed as Assistant Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.
Wappenshall Junction
Wappenshall Junction (grid reference SJ662145) is a British canal junction located at Wappenshall, Shropshire. It was created when the Newport Branch Canal joined the Shrewsbury Canal in 1835, and was closed along with the canal in 1944.

Shrewsbury & Newport Canals Trust
The Shrewsbury & Newport Canals Trust is a waterway society and a registered charity which exists to promote the restoration of the Shrewsbury Canal and the Newport Arm of the Shropshire Union Canal. The trust was created in 2000.
Prato Cathedral
Prato Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Stephen, (Italian: Duomo di Prato; Cattedrale di Santo Stefano) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Prato, Tuscany, Central Italy, from 1954 the seat of the Bishop of Prato, having been previously, from 1653, a cathedral in the Diocese of Pistoia and Prato. It is dedicated to Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

It is one of the most ancient churches in the city, and was already in existence in the 10th century. It was built in several successive stages in the Romanesque style. The church contains a number of notable works of art, in particular fine sculpture.

Giovanni Pisano
Giovanni Pisano (c. 1250 – c. 1315) was an Italian sculptor, painter and architect, who worked in the cities of Pisa, Siena and Pistoia.  He is best known for his sculpture which shows the influence of both the French Gothic and the Ancient Roman art.  Henry Moore, referring to his statues for the facade of Siena Cathedral, called him "the first modern sculptor".
Chinois
A chinois (UK: /ˈʃɪnwɑː, ˈʃiːnwɑː/ SHIN-wah, SHEE-nwah, US: /ʃiːˈnwɑː/ shee-NWAH, French: [ʃinwa] ⓘ), also known as a bouillon strainer, is a conical sieve with an extremely fine mesh. It is used to strain custards, purees, soups, and sauces, producing a very smooth texture. It can also be used to dust food with a fine layer of powdered ingredient.

Asian conical hat
The Asian conical hat is a style of conically shaped sun hat worn in China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, and Bhutan. It is kept on the head by a cloth or fiber chin strap, an inner headband, or both.
Argentine Regional Workers' Federation
The Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (Spanish: Federación Obrera Regional Argentina; abbreviated FORA), founded in 1901 (1901), was Argentina's first national labor confederation. It split into two wings in 1915, the larger of which merged into the Argentine Syndicates' Union (USA) in 1922, while the smaller slowly disappeared in the 1930s.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
1998 Maryland Senate election
The 1998 Maryland Senate election were held on November 3, 1998, to elect senators in all 47 districts of the Maryland Senate. Members were elected in single-member constituencies to four-year terms. These elections were held concurrently with various federal and state elections, including for Governor of Maryland.

1998 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1998 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1998. Incumbent Democratic governor Parris Glendening sought re-election. Governor Glendening emerged victorious from the Democratic primary after defeating several candidates. Former state delegate Ellen Sauerbrey, who was the 1994 Republican nominee for governor, ran again for governor and won her party's nomination. The election between Glendening and Sauerbrey four years prior was extremely contentious, and ended with the Sauerbrey campaign challenging the results. Ultimately, despite the controversial nature of the previous election, Governor Glendening comfortably beat back Sauerbrey's spirited challenge, winning his second and final term as governor. As of 2024, this was the last time that Allegany County voted Democratic in a gubernatorial election and the last time that the lieutenant gubernatorial nominee of the winning ticket was not a person of color.
2010–11 Inter-Provincial Limited Over Tournament
The 2010–11 Inter-Provincial Limited Over Tournament will be the third season of the official Limited overs domestic cricket competition in Sri Lanka. It will be a shorter tournament compared to the previous one with only 13 matches, and all group matches being held at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground and all three finals at the newly upgraded R. Premadasa Stadium also in Colombo. This edition featured the Uva cricket team's debut in the limited overs tournament of the Inter-Provincial Cricket Tournament, having previously featured in the Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament. This season also saw the introduction of the Basnahira cricket team with the merger of Basnahira North and Basnahira South cricket teams. It will be the first time that the five teams represent five different provinces in the tournament.

This season comprised ten regular matches, two semifinals and a grand final.

Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament
Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament (usually referred to as simply the Inter-Provincial Cricket Tournament) was a domestic first-class cricket competition in Sri Lanka, held by Sri Lanka Cricket. It was a part of their Inter-Provincial Cricket program. From 2008 the Inter-Provincial First Class Tournament became the mainstream domestic first class competition in Sri Lanka, with the Premier Trophy being the other, which is played between the clubs in Sri Lanka. The tournament had begun in 1990 as Singer President's Trophy and was played continually for five years, until it was rebooted in 2003. Both Basnahira North and Western Province City, which is now merged into Basnahira North and South, have won the most tournaments, three each.
The tournament hasn't been contested since 2010.