hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dror Fixler
Dror Fixler (Hebrew: דרור פיקסלר) is an Israeli physicist specializing in optics. Since 2026 he is a Full Professor in Tel Aviv University. He was the director of the Bar-Ilan institute of nanotechnology and advanced materials, a Professor of Electrical engineering and Nanophotonics at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel. He is also a visiting professor in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, China. He is also an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and posek, and a student of Rabbi Nahum Eliezer Rabinovitch.

Fixler is a member of the Nano Photonics Center at the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, and a Lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering.

In 2015, Fixler received European Science Foundation’s Plasmon-Bionanosense Award.

In 2017, Fixler received the President's International Fellowship Initiative Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).

Nahum Rabinovitch
Nachum Eliezer Rabinovitch (Hebrew: נַחוּם אֱלִיעֶזֶר רָבִּינוֹבִיץּ׳; 30 April 1928 – 6 May 2020), born Norman Louis Rabinovitch, was a Canadian-Israeli Religious Zionist rabbi and posek. He headed the London School of Jewish Studies from 1971 to 1982, and the hesder yeshiva Birkat Moshe in Ma'ale Adumim from 1982 until his death.
Lotte in Weimar (film)
Lotte in Weimar (German: [ˈlɔ.tə ɪn ˈvaɪ.̯maʁ] ⓘ) is a 1975 East German drama film directed by Egon Günther and produced by DEFA. It was entered into the 1975 Cannes Film Festival. It is based on the 1939 novel, Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns by Nobel Prize–winning German novelist Thomas Mann.

Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns
Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns, otherwise known as Lotte in Weimar (German: [ˈlɔ.tə ɪn ˈvaɪ.̯maʁ] ⓘ) or The Beloved Returns, is a 1939 novel by Thomas Mann. It is a story written in the shadow of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; Mann developed the narrative almost as a response to Goethe's novel The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is more than 150 years older than Lotte in Weimar. Lotte in Weimar was first published in English in 1940.
Glypheoidea
The Glypheoidea (containing the glypheoid lobsters), is a group of lobster-like decapod crustaceans which forms an important part of fossil faunas, such as the Solnhofen limestone. These fossils included taxa such as Glyphea (from which the group takes its name), and Mecochirus, mostly with elongated (often semichelate) chelipeds. This group of decapods is a good example of a living fossil, or a lazarus taxon, since until their discovery in the 1970s, the group was considered to have become extinct in the Eocene. The superfamily Glypheoidea comprises five families. The two extant species, Neoglyphea inopinata and Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica, are both in the family Glypheidae.

Mecochirus
Mecochirus is an extinct genus of lobster-like decapod crustaceans, containing 17 species. The Maxberg Specimen of Archaeopteryx was initially assigned to the type species, Mecochirus longimanatus before it was realised that it belonged to Archaeopteryx lithographica.
Kissing Tower
Kissing Tower is a gyro tower at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The tower tops out at 330 ft, making it the tallest attraction in the park. Riders reach 250 feet, surpassing the Candymonium roller coaster at the same park which tops out at 210 feet. Kissing Tower is one of Hersheypark's most famous attractions.

Candymonium
Candymonium is a steel roller coaster located at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania,  United States. Designed by Bolliger & Mabillard, the ride was announced in 2019 and opened on July 3, 2020. It is the tallest, fastest, and longest roller coaster at Hersheypark. It was introduced with a newly-themed section of the park called Hershey's Chocolatetown, adjacent to Hershey's Chocolate World.
Leges regiae
The leges regiae ('royal laws') were early Roman laws which classical historians such as Plutarch thought had been introduced by the semilegendary kings of Rome.

Though sometimes questioned, scholars of the modern era generally have accepted that the laws or the ultimate sources for them originated early in Roman history, even as early as the period of the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC). In the 20th century, previously unrecognized fragments quoted by ancient writers were identified as leges regiae and attributed or reattributed to the various kings.

The king during Rome's Regal period was a political, military, religious, and judicial chief of the community, though his actual duties might be delegated and entrusted to his auxiliaries.

Manus marriage
Manus (/ˈmeɪnəs/ MAY-nəs; Latin: [ˈmanʊs]) was an Ancient Roman type of marriage, of which there were two forms: cum manu and sine manu. In a cum manu marriage, the wife was placed under the legal control of the husband. In a sine manu marriage, the wife remained under the legal control of her father.

In both cum manu and sine manu marriages, if both the husband and wife were alieni iuris (persons under patria potestas; that is, under the power of their respective patres familias), the marriage could only take place with the approval of both patres familias. Procedures for initiating and terminating marriage varied with the type of union.

Initially, cum manu was the sole form of marriage, but eventually only sine manu marriage was widely practiced.
HSM-49
Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 49 (HSM-49) is a United States Navy Maritime Strike helicopter squadron based Naval Air Station North Island, California.

The Scorpions of HSM-49 are an operational fleet squadron based at NAS North Island.  Their tailcode is TX and their radio callsign is "Red Stinger".  The squadron provides combat-ready pilots, aircrewmen, technicians, and aircraft to Pacific Fleet warships.  The squadron operates the MH-60R Seahawk helicopter.

Sonobuoy
A sonobuoy (a portmanteau of sonar and buoy) is a small expendable sonar buoy dropped from aircraft or ships for anti-submarine warfare or underwater acoustic research. Sonobuoys are typically around 13 cm (5 in) in diameter and 91 cm (3 ft) long. When floating on the water, sonobuoys have both a radio transmitter above the surface and hydrophone sensors underwater. Sonobuoys are mission-critical platforms for enhancing Undersea Domain Awareness (UDA), providing an effective means to detect, locate, and track submarines and other underwater threats. Playing a key role in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and other naval operations, they support in maintaining naval security and in protecting naval carrier strike groups.
Santa Fe Urban Train
The Santa Fe Urban Train (in Spanish: "Tren Urbano de Santa Fe") was a 3.7 km (2.3 mi) commuter rail serving the metropolitan area of Santa Fe city in Argentina. It had 8 stops, extending from El Molino to Don Bosco stations, running on the Belgrano Railway Ramal F tracks at a speed of 40 km/h (25 mph).

The Tren Urbano complemented other forms of public transportation on the city such as buses and cycling. Rolling stock were railbuses by local manufacturer TecnoTren, also used in the University train of La Plata.

The Tren Urbano was not longer active since 2019. In March 2022, it was announced that the remaining rolling stock would be auctioned.

Trenes Argentinos Cargas
Belgrano Cargas y Logística S.A., trading as Trenes Argentinos Cargas (abbreviated as TACyL), is an Argentine state-owned company which operates a 15,305 km (9,510 mi) freight rail network that includes Belgrano, Urquiza and San Martín railways. It is a division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos S.E.

It is often erroneously called Belgrano Cargas by the Argentine government and press, despite the freight network encompassing numerous other Argentine railways, of which the General Belgrano Railway is only one.
Wallis Eastburn Howe
Wallis Eastburn Howe FAIA (September 12, 1868 – September 15, 1960) was a notable American architect from Rhode Island. Howe became a partner in the Providence architectural firm of Clarke & Howe in 1901 and was senior partner of that firm's successors from 1928 until his death in 1960.

Bristol, Rhode Island
Bristol is a town in Bristol County, Rhode Island, United States, as well as the county seat. The population of Bristol was 22,493 at the 2020 census.  It is a deep water seaport named after Bristol, England. Major industries include boat building and related marine industries, manufacturing, and tourism. The Bristol Warren Regional School District manages the unified school system for Bristol and the neighboring town of Warren. Prominent communities include Portuguese-Americans, mostly Azoreans, and Italian-Americans.
Bolandra californica
Bolandra californica is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family, known by the common names Sierra bolandra and Sierra false coolwort. It is one of two species in the small genus Bolandra. It is endemic to the High Sierra Nevada of California, where it is an uncommon member of the coniferous forest understory.

This is a perennial herb growing from a caudex, producing a few sharp-lobed leaves up to ten centimeters long. The inflorescence is a tall panicle reaching up to 60 centimeters in height and topped with small flowers. Each flower is a cup-shaped body with five lobes curling back at the mouth. Five thin, sharp-pointed petals curl out from the mouth, each long and green with purple edges.

Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.
Bundesstraße 468
The Bundesstraße 468 is a German federal highway. It serves to connect the Bundesstraße 8 between Mädelhofen and Waldbüttelbrunn with the nearby Bundesautobahn 3. With a length of 1.3 kilometers, the Bundesstraße 468 is currently the shortest federal highway in the German federal highway network.

Bundesstraße 8
The Bundesstraße 8 (abbr. B8) is a German federal highway in southwestern Germany of great historical importance.  It has existed since the 9th century, known then as Via Publica, and until recent times was a key trade route linking the towns of Brussels, Duisburg, Cologne, Frankfurt, Würzburg, Nuremberg, Regensburg and Passau.  Today it has been replaced as a main route by the A3 motorway, which runs parallel to it.
History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)
Hong Kong (1800s–1930s) oversaw the founding of the new crown colony of Hong Kong under the British Empire. After the First Opium War, the territory was ceded by the Qing Empire to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland through Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and Convention of Peking (1860) in perpetuity. Together with additional land that was leased to the British under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1898), Hong Kong became one of the first parts of East Asia to undergo industrialisation.

Taipan (corporate title)
A taipan (Chinese: 大班; pinyin: dà bān; Sidney Lau: daai6baan1, literally "top class"), sometimes spelled tai-pan, is a foreign-born senior business executive or entrepreneur operating in mainland China or Hong Kong. The term Taipan also refers to the mixed political, social, and business oligarch families in the Philippines.
S2 7.0
The S2 7.0 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Arthur Edmunds as a cruiser and first built in 1975. The designation indicates the approximate length overall in meters.

The hull molds for the S2 7.0 were later used for the Sovereign 23 and Sovereign 24 sailboats.

Trailer sailer
A trailer sailer is a keelboat that is big enough to accommodate crew for a weekend cruise, yet small enough to be launched, rigged, and recovered single-handed. It is also relatively easy to haul on a trailer behind a car, which requires low displacement and a shallow draft.

Although many small yachts can in principle be moved on a trailer, not all qualify as trailer sailers. The term is generally reserved for cabin sailboats intended for regular ramp launching. It does not apply to dinghies or small open keelboats under about 19 feet, since these are almost always easy to tow due to their characteristic light weight and shallow draft.
Arbeitsleiter (NSDAP)
Arbeitsleiter, German for work leader, was also a Nazi Party political rank which existed between 1939 and 1945.  The rank was created to replace the former rank of mitarbeiter and was divided into three levels of arbeitsleiter, oberarbeitsleiter, and hauptarbeitsleiter.

The rank of arbeitsleiter encompassed a wide variety of duties and was employed mainly as a junior staff position across all levels of the party (local, county, state, and national).  The rank was senior to the position of helfer.

Mitarbeiter (NSDAP)
Mitarbeiter (transl. Work Colleague, co-worker) was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1933 and 1945. As a political rank, Mitarbeiter was created in 1933 after the Nazis came to power in Germany. Considered the lowest political rank, Mitarbeiter replaced the older rank of Blockleiter and was also used as an administrative staff rank on the Kreis (County), Gau (Region), and Reich (National) Party Levels.

In 1939, the political rank of Mitarbeiter was phased out and replaced by several new paramilitary political positions.  The term Mitarbeiter survived as a political title after this, and was denoted by a special armband.
David Clarke Sr.
David E. Clarke (born 31 December 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer with Victorian Football League (VFL) clubs Geelong and Carlton. Better known as a half-forward flanker, Clarke also played in the centre and centre half-back positions.

Clarke won Geelong's Best and Fairest three times and was runner-up four times.

Clarke was a director of the failed Geelong based Pyramid Building Society, which collapsed in 1990 with debts of A$2 billion.  He was charged with 13 breaches of the Building Societies Act and was given a two-year suspended jail sentence and fined $47,000 after pleading guilty.

Clarke's sons David and Tim played in the Australian Football League (AFL) and daughter Georgina competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a 16-year-old, reaching the semi-finals in the Women's 1500m.

Georgie Clarke
Georgina "Georgie" Clarke (born 17 June 1984 in Geelong) is an Australian athlete who specialised in the middle-distance events. She won multiple international medals at youth and junior levels. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney at the age of 16. She competed for Geelong College.
Marla Sokolowski
Marla B. Sokolowski FRSC is a University Professor in the Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. Sokolowski is a scientist whose work is widely considered to be groundbreaking, foundational for a variety of fields, and instrumental in refutations of genetic determinism, and has, according to the Royal Society of Canada, "permanently changed the way we frame questions about individual differences in behaviour". Sokolowski's comprehensive study of the fruit fly and other animal systems, including humans, has shaped fundamental concepts in  behavioural evolution, plasticity, and genetic pleiotropy. Specifically, Sokolowski is best known for her discovery of the foraging gene. Sokolowski was the 2020 recipient of the Flavelle Medal. Sokolowski is only one of two women to ever win the award- the other being Margaret Newton in 1948.

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
43°39′34″N 79°23′31″W﻿ / ﻿43.6595629°N 79.3919866°W﻿ / 43.6595629; -79.3919866
The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) is a Canadian-based global research organization. It was founded in 1982 and is supported by individuals, foundations and corporations, as well as funding from the Government of Canada and the provinces of Alberta and Quebec.
Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's C-2 1000 metres
These are the results of the men's C-2 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics.  The C-2 event is raced by two-man sprint canoes and was held on Saturday, August 8, 1936.

Ten canoeists from five nations competed.

Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Canoeing was an official Olympic sport for the first time at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.  It had been a demonstration sport twelve years earlier at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.  A total of nine events were contested at the 1936 Games, all in canoe sprint for men. In total, 158 canoeists from 19 nations took part in the canoe races. All these countries had sent in entries before the deadline; the only late entry came from Latvia, which was as a result excluded from participating in the canoeing competitions.

The competitions were held on August 7 and 8, 1936. They were held on a regatta course at Grünau on the Langer See.
United States Oil Fund
The United States Oil Fund is an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that attempts to track the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Light Sweet Crude Oil. It is distinguished from an exchange-traded note (ETN) since it represents an ownership claim on underlying securities that the fund has packaged. USO invests in oil futures contracts that are traded on regulated futures exchanges.

Price of oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel (159 litres) of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level.
Mexican Federal Highway 71
Federal Highway 71 ( La Carretera Federal 71 ) (Fed. 71) is a free (libre) part of the federal highways corridors () of Mexico. Fed. 71 exists in two separate segments; the first runs from Fed. 45 at Luis Moya, Zacatecas in the north to Providencia, Aguascalientes in the south. The second segment runs from San Felipe, Aguascalientes in the north to Villa Hidalgo, Jalisco in the south. The highway continues on from Villa Hidalgo to Teocaltiche as Jal 211.

Mexican Federal Highway 45
Federal Highway 45 (La Carretera Federal 45) (Fed. 45) is the toll-free (libre) part of the federal highways corridors (los corredores carreteros federales), and connects Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua through the Chihuahuan Desert to Panales, Hidalgo.

It is operated under the management of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation. Custody is the responsibility of the National Guard (GN). Fed. 45 is part of the Pan-American Highway.  Federal Highway 45D is the tolled part of the route; in some areas the two run in parallel with the tolled section being faster.
Viennensis
Viennensis or Gallia Viennensis was a Late Roman province that derived its name from its capital Vienna (modern day Vienne, Isère), a Roman city, first located in Gallia Narbonensis.

Vienna was first given the rank of colonia by Julius Caesar, after his Gallic campaigns in 58 BCE and 52 BCE, as a colony of veterans (Colonia Julia Viennensium); Augustus reinstated the rights after the romanized Allobroges had revolted which led to a temporary loss of the title; Caligula eventually named it Colonia Julia Augusta Florentia Viennensium in 40 CE.

During the reorganization of the provinces under the tetrachy of Diocletian in the early 4th century, Vienna then became the capital of the province of Viennensis with the tribes of the Allobrogi, Segovellauni, Helvii, Tricastini, Vocontii and Cavari.

In the 5th century the province was further divided into Gallia Viennense I, with its capital Vienne, and Gallia Viennense II, with its capital Arles.

Segovellauni
The Segovellauni (Gaulish: *Segouellaunoi, 'chiefs-of-victory') were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Drôme department, near the present-day city of Valence, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

Little is known about the early history of the Segovellauni. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of Gallia Transalpina by the Roman Republic. In 62 BC, their oppidum Ventia was destroyed by the Roman legate Manlius Lentinus during the revolt of the Allobroges. By the 1st century AD, the Segovellauni were part of the Cavarian confederation.
84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot
The 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot was a regiment in the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot to form the York and Lancaster Regiment, with the 84th becoming the 2nd Battalion, in 1881.

Battle of the Nive
The Battles of the Nive (9–13 December 1813) were fought towards the end of the Peninsular War. Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish army defeated Marshal Nicolas Soult's French army on French soil in a series of battles near the city of Bayonne.

Unusually, for most of the battle, Wellington remained with the Reserve delegating command to his senior Lieutenant-Generals Rowland Hill and John Hope.
2008 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2008 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 108th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 15 March 2008. The championship ran from 17 May to 30 November 2008.

Feale Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by South Kerry in the quarter-finals.

The final replay was played on 30 November 2008 at FitzGerald Stadium in Killarney, between Mid Kerry and Kerins O'Rahilly's in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Mid Kerry won the match by 1-07 to 0-09 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in 16 years.

Declan Quill was the championship's top scorer with 1-33.

2007 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 2007 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 107th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 28 March 2007. The championship ran from 12 May to 11 November 2007.

South Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title.

The final was played on 11 November 2007 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Feale Eangers and South Kerry in what was their second meeting in the final and a first in 25 years. Feale Rangers won the match by 1-04 to 0-06 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in 27 years.

Kilcummin's D. J. Fleming was the championship's top scorer with 0-41.
Eridania Planitia
Eridania Planitia is a plain located in the southern highlands of Mars. It borders the Hellas basin to the west, Promethei Terra to the south, and the massive shield volcano Hesperia Planum to the north. The name "Eridania Planitia" was approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 22 September 2010; it is named after the closest classical albedo feature.

Hellas Planitia
Hellas Planitia /ˈhɛləs pləˈnɪʃiə/ is a plain located within the huge, roughly circular impact basin Hellas located in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. Hellas is the fourth- or fifth-largest known impact crater in the Solar System. The basin floor is about 7,152 m (23,465 ft) deep, 3,000 m (9,800 ft) deeper than the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin, and extends about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) east to west. It is centered at 42°24′S 70°30′E﻿ / ﻿42.4°S 70.5°E﻿ / -42.4; 70.5. It features the lowest point on Mars, serves as a known source of global dust storms, and may have contained lakes and glaciers. Hellas Planitia spans the boundary between the Hellas quadrangle and the Noachis quadrangle.