hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PROPHET system
The PROPHET system was an early medical expert system.

The system was initiated in about 1965 by a young administrator at NIH, William Raub, who had the idea to set up a collaborative communication network modeled on ARPANET, for use among biomedical investigators to share data and procedures, with a wide range of computational tools, ranging from statistics to molecular orbit calculations.

A panel of NIH advisors planned the system over a couple of years, until Bolt, Beranek and Neman (BBN Technologies) received the contract for implementation.

The PROPHET system was operational for 15 to 20 years before being superseded by more current Internet tools.

According to NIH, "PROPHET is the most nearly comprehensive set of information-handling tools for this area of science ever to be presented in a unified system, and offered as a service to the biomedical community."

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Real Oviedo
Real Oviedo (Spanish: [reˈal oˈβjeðo]; Asturian: Real Uviéu [reˈal uˈβjew]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Oviedo, Asturias. Founded on 26 March 1926, the club plays in LaLiga, the highest level of the Spanish football league system. The club plays at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere, opened on 30 September 2000, and is the largest sports stadium in Asturias. In the all-time league table for the Spanish top division (La Liga), Real Oviedo ranks 18th, as it has played 38 seasons.

The club's local rivals are Real Sporting Gijón on the sea coast to its north, with whom the club contests the Asturian derby.

Copa de la Liga
The Copa de la Liga (League Cup in Spanish) was a Spanish football tournament created in 1982.

Due to time constraints, saturation and club pressure, the competition only lasted four years, being cancelled in 1986. Winning the trophy helped two clubs to complete cup doubles: FC Barcelona with the Copa del Rey (1983) and Real Madrid with the UEFA Cup (1985). In all four finals, the team that played the second leg at home won the trophy.
Jo Zeller
Jo Zeller (born 17 July 1955 in Männedorf) is a Swiss racing driver. He has raced in such series as Austria Formula 3 Cup and is a twelve-time Swiss Formula Three champion. In the early 1990s, he set up his own racing team, Jo Zeller Racing, which has raced in series such as Formula 3 Euro Series, Formula Lista Junior, Austria Formula 3 Cup and the German Formula Three Championship.

Austria Formula 3 Cup
The Austria Formula 3 Cup is an open wheel racing series based in Austria. The series has run since 1982 and regular visits such circuits as the Salzburgring and the Red Bull Ring in Austria, the Autodrom Most and the Brno Circuit in the Czech Republic and the Hockenheimring in Germany. It's now called the "Drexler-Automotive Formel 3 Pokal" for the main Cup and "Drexler-Automotive Formel 3 Trophy" for the B division older chassis cars.
Aquatic feeding mechanisms
Aquatic feeding mechanisms face a special difficulty as compared to feeding on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so the prey tends to be pushed away when the mouth is closed. This problem was first identified by Robert McNeill Alexander. As a result, underwater predators, especially bony fish, have evolved a number of specialized feeding mechanisms, such as filter feeding, ram feeding, suction feeding, protrusion, and pivot feeding.

Most underwater predators combine more than one of these basic principles. For example, a typical generalized predator, such as the cod, combines suction with some amount of protrusion and pivot feeding.

Seahorse
A seahorse (also written sea-horse and sea horse) is any of 46 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus. The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek hippókampos (ἱππόκαμπος), itself from híppos (ἵππος) meaning "horse" and kámpos (κάμπος) meaning "sea monster" or "sea animal". Having a head and neck suggestive of a horse, seahorses also feature segmented bony armour, an upright posture and a curled prehensile tail. Along with the pipefishes and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx) they form the family Syngnathidae.
Nazareth College, Melbourne
Nazareth College is an independent Roman Catholic comprehensive co-educational secondary day school, located in Noble Park North, a south eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Established in 1986, the college currently caters for approximately 800 students in Year 7 through to Year 12.

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
Paradiceros
Paradiceros is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid that lived in east Africa during the Late Miocene, between 13.7 and 9 million years ago.

Paradiceros was a relatively small species once believed to be closely allied to Diceros. It was a browser and had very short legs, though not as short as some of the more primitive species like Chilotherium.

Chilotherium
Chilotherium, from Ancient Greek χείλος (cheílos), meaning "lip", and θηρίον (theríon), meaning "beast", is an extinct genus of rhinocerotids that lived in Africa and Eurasia during the Miocene through Pliocene living for 13.7—3.4 mya, existing for approximately 10.3 million years.
Montoire-sur-le-Loir
Montoire-sur-le-Loir (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃twaʁ syʁ lə lwaʁ], literally Montoire on the Loir), commonly known as Montoire, is a commune near Vendôme, in the Loir-et-Cher department in Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Vendôme
Vendôme (/vɒ̃ˈdoʊm/, French: [vɑ̃dom] ⓘ) is a subprefecture of the department of Loir-et-Cher, France. It is also the department's third-biggest commune with 15,856 inhabitants (2019).

It is one of the main towns along the river Loir. The river divides itself at the entrance of Vendôme, intersecting it into numerous different arms. The town has a rich medieval history and many historical monuments.
Bad Kissingen (electoral district)
Bad Kissingen is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 247. It is located in northwestern Bavaria, comprising the districts of Bad Kissingen, Haßberge, and Rhön-Grabfeld.

Bad Kissingen was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2009, it has been represented by Dorothee Bär of the Christian Social Union (CSU).

Rhön-Grabfeld
Rhön-Grabfeld is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Hassberge, Schweinfurt and Bad Kissingen, and the states of Hesse (district Fulda) and Thuringia (districts Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Hildburghausen).
Yinghai, Beijing
Yinghai Area (simplified Chinese: 瀛海地区; traditional Chinese: 瀛海地區; pinyin: Yínghǎi Dìqū), or Yinghai Town, is an area and a town of Daxing District, Beijing, located between the 5th and 6th Ring Roads. As of 2020, it has 102,463 inhabitants under its administration.

In 1902, Qing government established wasteland cultivation program within the region. The settlement here was named Yinghaizhuang, and it was taken from a combination of Yingzhou, the place where settlers came from; and Haizili, the name of this region at the time. Later it was shorten to Yinghai.

Daxing, Beijing
Daxing District (Chinese: 大兴区; pinyin: Dàxīng Qū) is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city. It borders the Beijing districts of Tongzhou to the east/northeast, Fangshan to the west, Fengtai to the northwest, Chaoyang to the northeast, and the Hebei province to the south.
Pleurota aristella
Pleurota aristella is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in most of southern and central Europe, as well as the Channel Islands. In the east, the range extends to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm. It is also present in the Near East.

The wingspan is 20–22 mm.

The larvae feed on various low-growing plants.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
1996 Italian Grand Prix
The 1996 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 8 September 1996 at Monza. It was the fourteenth race of the 1996 Formula One World Championship.

The 53-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher, driving a Ferrari, after he started from third position. It was Schumacher's third victory of the season and the Ferrari team's first victory at Monza since 1988. With Schumacher also having won the previous race in Belgium, these were also the first consecutive Ferrari victories since the 1990 season.

Jean Alesi finished second in a Benetton-Renault, with Mika Häkkinen third in a McLaren-Mercedes. Drivers' Championship leader Damon Hill took pole position in his Williams-Renault and led until he made an error and spun off on lap 6, while his teammate and rival, Jacques Villeneuve, could only manage seventh.

1996 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1996 Belgian Grand Prix (formally the LIV Grand Prix de Belgique) was a Formula One motor race held on 25 August 1996 at Spa-Francorchamps. It was the thirteenth race of the 1996 FIA Formula One World Championship.

The 44-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher, driving a Ferrari. Schumacher had crashed heavily in Friday practice, but recovered to qualify third before taking his second win of the season. Jacques Villeneuve, who had started from pole position, finished second in his Williams-Renault, with Mika Häkkinen third in a McLaren-Mercedes. Villeneuve's teammate and Drivers' Championship leader, Damon Hill, finished fifth.
1993 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1993 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 48th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

"Sudden" Sam Ermolenko of the United States won his only Speedway World Championship to become the first American winner since Bruce Penhall in 1982. Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen finished second with England's Chris Louis finishing third.

Speedway World Championship
The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The first official championships were held in 1936.

Today, the championship is organised as a series of Speedway Grand Prix events, where points are awarded according to performance in the event and tallied up at the end of each season. However, up to 1994, it was usually run as a single-night event after qualifying rounds during the season, leading up to a final consisting of 20 heats, where points were awarded according to riders' heat placings and then tallied up at the end.

Before the World Championship received its formal recognition from the ACU and the FIM in 1936, other unofficial Speedway World Championships were staged between 1931 and 1935, in Europe, South America and Australasia, such as the Star Riders' Championship.
Argyle station (CTA)
Argyle is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line, located at 1118 West Argyle Street in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. It is an elevated station with an island platform.  Purple Line weekday rush hour express service passes through this station but does not stop.

Chicago Transit Authority bus services
Chicago Transit Authority bus services are provided throughout Chicago, Illinois and the surrounding suburbs, operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). As of January 2025, the CTA has 1,966 buses that operate 127 routes. In 2024, the CTA bus system had a ridership of 181,733,800, or about 594,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Southern Cotton Oil Company
Southern Cotton Oil Company, also known as Columbia Mill, was a historic cottonseed oil complex located at Columbia, South Carolina. The complex was built between 1887 and 1919.  It consisted of seven industrial buildings: the Seed House, Linter Room, Press Room, Machine Shop, Oil House, Cotton Storage Room, and Storage Shed. Five of the buildings were constructed of brick and the other two were constructed of galvanized sheet metal.  The complex has been demolished.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Cottonseed oil
Cottonseed oil is cooking oil from the seeds of cotton plants of various species, mainly Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are grown for cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil.

Cotton seed has a similar structure to other oilseeds, such as sunflower seed, having an oil-bearing kernel surrounded by a hard outer hull; in processing, the oil is extracted from the kernel. Cottonseed oil is used for salad oil, mayonnaise, salad dressing, and similar products because of its flavor stability.
Scandal season 2
The second season of the American television drama series Scandal, created by Shonda Rhimes, began on September 27, 2012,  in the United States, on ABC, and consisted of 22 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The program airs at the same time in Canada through the City television system with simsubbing of the ABC feed.

The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its staff, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C. Season two had nine series regulars, all returning from the previous season, out of which seven are part of the original cast of eight regulars from the first season. The season aired in the Thursday 10:00 pm time slot, the same as the previous season.

White House Chief of Staff
The White House chief of staff is the head of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, a position in the federal government of the United States.

The chief of staff is a political appointee of the president of the United States who does not require Senate confirmation, and who serves at the pleasure of the president. While not a legally required role, all presidents since Harry S. Truman have appointed a chief of staff.  James Baker is the only person to hold the office twice or serve under two different presidents.

In the second administration of President Donald Trump, the current chief of staff is Susie Wiles, who succeeded Jeff Zients on January 20, 2025. The chief of staff is the most senior political appointee in the White House. 
The position is widely recognized as one of great power and influence, owing to daily contact with the president of the United States and control of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
1828 United States presidential election in Connecticut
The 1828 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place between October 31 and December 2, 1828, as part of the 1828 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Connecticut voted for the National Republican candidate, John Quincy Adams, over the Democratic candidate, Andrew Jackson. Adams won Connecticut by a margin of 48.41%.

With 71.36% of the popular vote, Connecticut would prove to be Adams' fourth strongest state in the 1828 election after Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Vermont.

1828 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1828 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place between October 31 and December 2, 1828, as part of the 1828 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Massachusetts voted for the National Republican candidate, incumbent president John Quincy Adams, over the Democratic candidate, Andrew Jackson. Adams won Massachusetts by a landslide margin of 60.97%.

With 76.36% of the popular vote, Adams' home state would prove to be his second strongest victory in the 1828 election after neighboring Rhode Island. This would be the last election until 1976 that the incumbent president lost reelection but won his home state.
2021 GLIAC men's basketball tournament
The 2021 Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the GLIAC of the 2020–21 NCAA Division II men's basketball season which took place March 2–5, 2021. The Semi-Finals and Finals were played in John Friend Court in Hammond, Indiana, with the first two rounds being held at the home stadium of the team that had the better record of their respective matchup. For example, the matchup between #3 Michigan Tech and #6 Purdue Northwest would be hosted by Michigan Tech.

Ashland defeated Michigan Tech 85–77 in the championship game to win the college's first GLIAC tournament title. As a result of the win, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA DII tournament.

Hammond, Indiana
Hammond (/ˈhæmənd/ HAM-ənd) is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. Located along Lake Michigan, it is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the only city in Indiana to border Chicago. As of the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in Indiana, with 77,879 residents. It was first settled in the mid-19th century and it is one of the oldest cities of northern Lake County.

From north to south, Hammond runs from Lake Michigan to the Little Calumet River; from east to west along its southern border, it runs from the Illinois state line to Cline Avenue. The city is traversed by numerous railroads and expressways, including the South Shore Line, Borman Expressway, and Indiana Toll Road. Notable local landmarks include the parkland around Wolf Lake and the Horseshoe Hammond riverboat casino. Part of the Rust Belt, Hammond has been industrial almost from its inception, but is also home to a campus of Purdue University and numerous historic districts.
Suksdorfia violacea
Suksdorfia violacea is an uncommon species of herbaceous flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name violet suksdorfia. In 1879 Asa Gray named the genus Suksdorfia after Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf who had first collected a specimen of S. violacea in 1878 near Mount Adams-White Salmon, Washington and sent it to Gray for assistance in classifying it. Gray and Suksdorf had a long and close working relationship, and Gray initially identified and named various species found by Suksdorf. Its conservation status has been rated by NatureServe as "G4 – Apparently Secure".

Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus Saxifraga. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America.
Ishiyakushi-juku
Ishiyakushi-juku (石薬師宿, Ishiyakushi-juku) was the forty-fourth  of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It was  located in former Ise Province in what is now part of the city of Suzuka, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Ise Province
Ise Province (伊勢国, Ise no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [iꜜ.se (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan that covered most of the area of modern-day Mie Prefecture.  Ise bordered on Iga, Kii, Mino, Ōmi, Owari, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Seishū (勢州).
Melanoleuca
Melanoleuca is a poorly known genus of saprotrophic mushrooms traditionally classified in the family Tricholomataceae. DNA studies have determined that this genus is closely related to Amanita and Pluteus and that it does not belong to the family Tricholomataceae.

Most species are small to medium sized, white, brown, ocher or gray with a cylindrical to subcylindrical stipe and white to pale yellowish gills. The basidiospores are ellipsoid and ornamented with amyloid warts. Melanoleuca is considered a difficult group to study due to their macroscopic similarities among species and the need of a thorough microscopic analysis to separate species.

Tricholomataceae
The Tricholomataceae are a large family of fungi within the order Agaricales. Originally a classic "wastebasket taxon", the family included any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to e.g. the Amanitaceae, Lepiotaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Pluteaceae, or Entolomataceae.

The name derives from the Greek trichos (τριχος) meaning hair and loma (λωμα) meaning fringe or border, although not all members display this feature.

The name "Tricholomataceae" is seen as having validity in describing Tricholoma and other genera that form part of a monophyletic family including Tricholoma. To that end, the International Botanical Congress has voted on two occasions (1988 and 2006) to conserve the name "Tricholomataceae" against competing names. This decision does not invalidate the use of segregate families from the Tricholomataceae, but simply validates the continued use of Tricholomataceae.
A. Soundararajan
A. Soundararajan is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Perambur constituency in Chennai District. He represented the Communist Party of India (Marxist) party. He is working with Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU).

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by P. Vetriivel.

14th Tamil Nadu Assembly
The Fourteenth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was constituted after the victory of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and allies, in the 2011 state assembly election. J. Jayalalithaa became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. She was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third time.