hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balgstädt
Balgstädt (German pronunciation: [ˈbalkˌʃtɛt]) is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 2009 it has incorporated the former municipalities of Burkersroda, Größnitz and Hirschroda.

Naumburg
Naumburg (German: [ˈnaʊmbʊɐ̯k] ⓘ) is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany. It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called "Landesausbau"  and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.
Diego Pituca
Diego Cristiano Evaristo (born 1 August 1992), known as Diego Pituca or simply Pituca, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for J2 League club V-Varen Nagasaki. Mainly a defensive midfielder, he can also play as a left-back.

2024 Campeonato Paulista
The 2024 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 was the 123rd season of São Paulo's top professional football league. The competition was played from 20 January to 7 April 2024.
Sylvain Corbeil
Sylvain Corbeil is a Canadian film producer. He is known for working with producer Nancy Grant and directors Xavier Dolan, Anne Émond, Maxime Giroux and Denis Côté.

Corbeil and Grant lead the Montreal-based company Metafilm. The Huffington Post credited Corbeil with expertise in Quebec's cinema business, and seeing potential in giving Quebec films international exposure. To that end, he took Mathieu Denis and Simon Lavoie's film Laurentie to the Berlin Film Festival. He has been nominated for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Motion Picture for Giroux's Felix and Meira (2014), Émond's Our Loved Ones (2015), and Dolan's It's Only the End of the World (2016). It's Only the End of the World won Best Motion Picture, and Corbeil accepted awards and read statements by Dolan, who was unable to attend while working on The Death and Life of John F. Donovan in Paris.

Denis Côté
Denis Côté (born November 16, 1973) is a Canadian independent filmmaker and producer living in Quebec, of Brayon origin. His experimental films have been shown at major film festivals around the world.
Satellite city
A satellite city or satellite town is a smaller municipality or settlement that is part of (or on the edge of) a larger metropolitan area and serves as a regional population and employment center. It differs from mere suburbs, subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that it has employment bases sufficient to support its residential population, and conceptually, could be a self-sufficient community outside of its larger metropolitan area. However, it functions as part of a metropolis and experiences high levels of cross-commuting (that is, residents commuting out of and employees commuting into the city).

Subdivision (land)
Subdivisions are land that is divided into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop, usually via a plat. The former single piece as a whole is then known as a subdivision. Subdivisions may be simple, involving only a single seller and buyer, or complex, involving large tracts of land divided into many smaller parcels.  If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development, although some developers tend to call these areas communities.

Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks.
An American Dream (song)
"An American Dream" is a song written by Rodney Crowell. He recorded it under the title "Voilá, An American Dream" on his 1978 album Ain't Living Long Like This, and released it as the B-side to that album's single "(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I".

(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I
"(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I" is a popular song written by Bill Trader and published in 1952. Recorded as a single by Hank Snow it peaked at number four on the US country charts early in 1953.

Since the original Snow version, "Fool Such as I"—as the song is sometimes known—has been recorded and released as singles several times, by artists such as Jo Stafford, Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and Baillie & the Boys.
Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase
Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase (Nc, Nedd2-like caspase or Dronc) was firstly identified and characterised in Drosophila in 1999 as a cysteine protease containing an amino-terminal caspase recruitment domain. At first, it was thought of as an effector caspase involved in apoptosis, but subsequent findings have proved that it is, in fact, an initiator caspase with a crucial role in said type of programmed cell death.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Pr0metheus Burning
Pr0metheus Burning (also commonly spelled Prometheus Burning) was an Electro-Industrial duo from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which started in early 2001. The group has garnered notable success with the release of their 2006 album Beyond Repair, and its 2007 remix album Nboyde Rarepi (which included remixes from Xanopticon, Iszoloscope, and others), both released through Hive Records, and most recently, their 2012 release Kill it with Fire, which was released on Wax Trax II records. Together the group has released a total of four full-length albums, one remix album, has been featured in several compilation albums, and has created remixes for other Electro-Industrial artists.

In addition to playing much of the East coast and Midwest, the group has also performed in Canada.

The current members in the studio are Nikki Telladictorian and Greg VanEck, but have featured special guests and theatrics on stage during live performances.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Skullyville, Oklahoma
Skullyville (also spelled Scullyville) is an unincorporated rural community in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States. It is approximately one mile east of Spiro and 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Fort Smith, Arkansas. The community is within the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The name is derived from Iskuli, the Choctaw word for money, because originally this was the place where members collected their annuity payments at the Choctaw Agency.

Moshulatubbee District
Moshulatubbee District was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former Choctaw Nation in the Indian Territory.  Also called the First District, it encompassed the northern one-third of the nation. In some historic records it is spelled Mushulatubbe.

The Moshulatubbee District was named in honor of Chief Moshulatubbee, a Choctaw Indian warrior and statesman. Moshulatubbee was chief of the Okla Tannap ("Lower Towns") District in the original Choctaw Nation of the Southeast. Many Choctaw from that period referred to the Moshulatubbee District as the Okla Tannap District. The other two districts were known as Apukshunnubbee and Pushmataha, also named after important leaders.
Kepler Challenge
The Kepler Challenge Mountain Run is the premier mountain running event in New Zealand and follows the 60 km Kepler Track through the Fiordland National Park. It has been held annually since 1988, and draws competitors from throughout New Zealand and around the world. Around 450 runners enter the event with nearly all completing the demanding course.

Fiordland National Park
Fiordland National Park is a national park in the south-west corner of South Island of New Zealand. It is the largest of the 13 national parks in New Zealand, with an area covering 12,607 km2 (4,868 sq mi), and a major part of the Te Wāhipounamu a UNESCO World Heritage Site established in 1990. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC). The southern ranges of the Southern Alps cover most of Fiordland National Park, combined with the deep glacier-carved valleys.

The park is a significant refuge for many threatened native animals, ranging from dolphins and bats to reptiles, insects, and endangered species of birds endemic to New Zealand, such as the takahē,  mōhua, kākāpō, and southern brown kiwi.
Diffuse optical imaging
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods. 
When used to create 3D volumetric models of the imaged material DOI is referred to as diffuse optical tomography, whereas 2D imaging methods are classified as diffuse optical imaging.

The technique has many applications to neuroscience, sports medicine, wound monitoring, and cancer detection. Typically DOI techniques monitor changes in concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and may additionally measure redox states of cytochromes. The technique may also be referred to as diffuse optical tomography (DOT), near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) or fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT), depending on the usage.

In neuroscience, functional measurements made using NIR wavelengths, DOI techniques may classify as functional near infrared spectroscopy fNIRS.

Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue
Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A common approximation summarized here is the diffusion approximation. Overall, solutions to the diffusion equation for photon transport are more computationally efficient, but less accurate than Monte Carlo simulations.
Telecommunications in Cyprus
Telecommunications in Cyprus includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet, in the Republic of Cyprus.

Cyta, the state-owned telecommunications company, manages most telecommunications and internet connections on the island. However, following the recent liberalization of the telecommunications sector, a few private telecommunications companies, have emerged.

Telephone numbers in Turkey
Telephone numbers in Turkey went from six (2+4) to seven digits (3+4) circa 1988. There used to be more than 5,000 local area codes of varying lengths (one to five digits) with correspondingly varying local number lengths.

The new system imposes three-digit area codes for provinces and seven digit local phone numbers. Istanbul is the only exception, having two different area codes (212 for the European side, and 216 for the Asian side).

The prefixes for the three major Turkish operators are as follows: Turkcell (530-539, 561 61, 516 16), Vodafone Turkey (540-549), and Türk Telekom (500-509 and 550-559).

On 30 August 1993, local numbers in most areas were changed in conjunction with a new numbering plan.
Primecoin
Primecoin (Abbreviation: XPM) is a cryptocurrency that implements a proof-of-work system that searches for chains of prime numbers.

Primecoin was launched in July 7, 2013 by Sunny King, who also founded Peercoin.

Unlike other cryptocurrencies, which are mined using algorithms that solved mathematical problems with no extrinsic value, mining Primecoin involves producing chains of prime numbers (Cunningham and bi-twin chains). These are useful to scientists and mathematicians and meet the requirements for a proof of work system of being hard to compute but easy to verify and having an adjustable difficulty.

Shortly after its launch, some trade journals reported that the rush of over 18,000 new users seeking to mine Primecoin overwhelmed providers of dedicated servers. It was ranked as being one of the top ten currencies before 2014.

Primecoin has a block time of one minute, changes difficulty every block, and has a block reward that is a function of the difficulty.

Bi-twin chain
In number theory, a bi-twin chain of length k + 1 is a sequence of natural numbers

in which every number is prime.

The special case, when the four numbers  are all primes, they are called bi-twin primes, such n values are

6, 30, 660, 810, 2130, 2550, 3330, 3390, 5850, 6270, 10530, 33180, 41610, 44130, 53550, 55440, 57330, 63840, 65100, 70380, 70980, 72270, 74100, 74760, 78780, 80670, 81930, 87540, 93240, … (sequence A066388 in the OEIS)

Except 6, all of these numbers are divisible by 30.

The numbers  form a Cunningham chain of the first kind of length , while  forms a Cunningham chain of the second kind. Each of the pairs  is a pair of twin primes. Each of the primes  for  is a Sophie Germain prime and each of the primes  for  is a safe prime.
Junction Boulevard station
The Junction Boulevard station (originally Junction Avenue station) is an express station on the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway. The station is located at the intersection of Junction Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue on the borders of Corona, Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights in Queens. It is served by the 7 train at all times and by rush hour peak-direction <7> express service.

Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) was an urban transit holding company, based in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, and incorporated in 1923. The system was sold to the city in 1940. Today, together with the IND subway system, it forms the B Division of the modern New York City Subway.

The original BMT routes form the J/Z, L, M, N, Q, R and W trains, as well as the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, with the IND B and D using BMT trackage in Brooklyn. The M train enters the IND via the Chrystie Street Connection after crossing the Williamsburg Bridge. The Q, along with some rush-hour N trains enter the IND from the BMT 63rd Street Line. The R train enters the IND via the 60th Street Tunnel Connection.

The Z train supplements the J in the peak direction during rush hours only. Prior to city ownership, the BMT services were designed with numbers, and the current letter scheme was developed as a continuation of the IND nomenclature as the IND and BMT systems were integrated.
Bani Khalid (tribe)
Bani Khalid (Arabic: بني خالد) is an Arab tribal confederation mainly inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe ruled southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Eastern Arabia (al-Hasa and al-Qatif) from the 15th century to the 18th century, and again under the protection of the Ottoman Empire during the early 19th century. At its greatest extent, the domain of Bani Khalid extended from Iraq in the north to the borders of Oman in the south, and Bani Khalid wielded political influence by ruling the region of Najd in central Arabia. Most of the tribe's members presently reside in eastern and central Saudi Arabia, while others live in Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Bani Khalid has both Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslim members.

Hussein Khalidi
Hussein Fakhri Khalidi (Arabic: حسين فخري الخالدي, Ḥusayn Fakhri al-Khalidī, 17 January 1895 – 6 February 1962) was a Palestinian politician and physician. He served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1935 to 1937, minister of health of Palestine in 1948, minister of foreign affairs of Jordan from 1953 to 1954 and again in 1956 and was the 13th Prime Minister of Jordan in 1957.
West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency
West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the seven Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002. Earlier some parts of the constituency were included in Outer Delhi constituency and some parts were included in the erstwhile South Delhi constituency.

South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency
South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the seven Lok Sabha constituencies in the Indian National Capital Territory of Delhi. This constituency came into existence in 1966.

The seat was a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party for many years but in 2009, after delimitation, INC won this seat. Ramvir Singh Bidhuri of the BJP is the MP representing the constituency since 2024.
Learning analytics
Learning analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs.
The growth of online learning since the 1990s, particularly in higher education, has contributed to the advancement of Learning Analytics as student data can be captured and made available for analysis. When learners use an LMS, social media, or similar online tools, their clicks, navigation patterns, time on task, social networks, information flow, and concept development through discussions can be tracked. The rapid development of massive open online courses (MOOCs) offers additional data for researchers to evaluate teaching and learning in online environments.

Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.
Operation Sharp Guard
Operation Sharp Guard was a joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia in the mid 1990's. Warships and maritime patrol aircraft from 14 countries were involved in searching for and stopping blockade runners. The operation began on 15 June 1993. It was suspended on 19 June 1996, and was terminated on 2 October 1996.

Maestrale-class frigate
The Maestrale class was a class of frigates of the Italian Navy. The class is composed of eight vessels, all of which were built by Fincantieri S.p.A., Riva Trigoso, except for Grecale, which was built by Fincantieri S.p.A. – Muggiano, La Spezia.

The Maestrale-class frigates were primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), however the ships are highly flexible so they are also capable of anti-air and anti-surface operations. Ships of this class have been widely used in various international missions, either under NATO or UN flag, and during normal operations of the Italian Navy.

The first of these ships entered in service in early 1982. The rest of the fleet was launched over the next three years. The ships of the Maestrale class will be replaced by the Bergamini class.
Hitler's SS: Portrait in Evil
Hitler's SS: Portrait in Evil is a 1985 American made-for-television war drama film about two German brothers, Helmut and Karl Hoffmann, and the paths they take during the Nazi regime. The movie was directed by Jim Goddard and starred John Shea, Bill Nighy, Tony Randall, David Warner and John Woodnutt. The film shows Karl, who was originally enthusiastic about the Nazi Party, becoming disillusioned and Helmut, who was at first wary of the Nazi Party, joining the Schutzstaffel (SS) and later being an accomplice to war crimes.

Honour Chevron for the Old Guard
The Honour Chevron for the Old Guard (German: Ehrenwinkel der Alten Kämpfer) was a Nazi Party decoration worn by members of the SS. The silver chevron, which was worn on the upper sleeve on the right arm, was authorised by Adolf Hitler in February 1934. All members of the SS who had joined the Allgemeine SS, the NSDAP, or any other party organisation prior to 30 January 1933, were entitled to wear the insignia.

After the Anschluss in Austria, the Nazi Party authorized that the award could be worn by all Austrians who had joined the Austrian National Socialist Workers' Party (DNSAP) prior to 18 February 1938. Qualification was later extended to include any SS personnel who were former members of the Nazi Security services, the Ordnungspolizei (order police) and the Wehrmacht, if they fulfilled certain conditions.
Phil Rapp
Phil Rapp of Weatherford, Texas, is a cutting horse trainer, inductee in both the NCHA Rider Hall of Fame Open Division and Non-Pro Division, and the leading NCHA money earner with lifetime earnings totaling $9,214,410.45 as of January 2019. He was elected vice-president of the National Cutting Horse Association in 2016, and became president in June 2018.

National Cutting Horse Association
The National Cutting Horse Association (NCHA) is a non-profit equestrian organization headquartered in the United States. Their primary purpose is to promote and sponsor cutting events. The association was founded in 1946 at the Southwestern Exposition and Fat Stock Show. The first NCHA sponsored cutting horse competition was held that same year in Dublin, Texas.

The association is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas and has several affiliate members around the world.
Takifugu chinensis
Takifugu chinensis, the Chinese puffer, is a species of fish in the family Tetraodontidae (pufferfish) that is found in coastal waters of China, Japan and Korea. This critically endangered pufferfish has drastically declined because of overfishing and habitat loss, but it is possibly also threatened by the widespread release/escape of aquacultured Takifugu rubripes within its range. These two species are similar, very closely related and perhaps should be considered conspecific, but they do differ in the colour of their anal fins.

Takifugu rubripes
Takifugu rubripes, commonly known as the Japanese puffer, Japanese pufferfish, tiger puffer, or torafugu (Japanese: 虎河豚), is a pufferfish in the genus Takifugu. It is distinguished by a very small genome that has been fully sequenced because of its use as a model species and is in widespread use as a reference in genomics.