hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reggio Emilia approach
The Reggio Emilia approach is an educational philosophy and pedagogy focused on preschool and primary education.  This approach is a student-centered and constructivist self-guided curriculum that uses self-directed, experiential learning in relationship-driven environments. The programme is based on the principles of respect, responsibility and community through exploration, discovery and play.

At the core of this philosophy is an assumption that children form their own personality during the early years of development and that they are endowed with "a hundred languages", through which they can express their ideas. The aim of the Reggio approach is to teach children how to use these symbolic languages (e.g. painting, sculpting, drama) in everyday life. This approach was developed after World War II by pedagogist Loris Malaguzzi and parents in the villages around Reggio Emilia, Italy; the approach derives its name from the city.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
2023 Curitiba Challenger
The 2023 Copa Internacional de Tênis was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Curitiba, Brazil between 23 and 29 October 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Tumlin-Dąbrówka
Tumlin-Dąbrówka [ˈtumlin dɔmˈbrufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zagnańsk, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Zagnańsk and 12 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

Zagnańsk
Zagnańsk [ˈzaɡnaɲsk] is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zagnańsk. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.

The Bartek oak tree in the village is almost 686 years old.
Shaogang Township
Shaogang Township (simplified Chinese: 邵岗乡; traditional Chinese: 邵崗鄉; pinyin: Shàogāng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Huoqiu County, Anhui, China. As of 2018, it has 9 villages under its administration.

Huoqiu County
Huoqiu County (simplified Chinese: 霍邱县; traditional Chinese: 霍邱縣; pinyin: Huòqiū Xiàn) is a county in the west of Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, under the jurisdiction of Lu'an City and bordering Henan province to the west. It has a population of 1,640,000 and an area of 3,483 square kilometres (1,345 sq mi). The government of Huoqiu County is located in Chengguan Town.

Huoqiu County has jurisdiction over 19 towns and 10 townships.
Turnaround (road)
In the field of road transport, a turnaround is a type of junction that allows traffic traveling in one direction on a road to efficiently make a U-turn (to reverse course and travel the opposite direction) typically without backing up or making dangerous maneuvers in the middle of the traffic stream.  While many junction types permit U-turns, the term turnaround often applies to road junctions built specifically for this purpose.

Right-in/right-out
Right-in/right-out (RIRO) and left-in/left-out (LILO) refer to a type of three-way road intersection where turning movements of vehicles are restricted. A RIRO permits only right turns and a LILO permits only left turns. "Right-in" and "left-in" refer to turns from a main road into an intersection (or a driveway or parcel); "right-out" and "left-out" refer to turns from an intersection (or a driveway or parcel) to a main road. RIRO is typical when vehicles drive on the right, and LILO is usual where vehicles drive on the left. This is because minor roads usually connect to the outsides of two-way roads.  However, on a divided highway, both RIRO and LILO intersections can occur.

The remainder of this article refers only to RIRO but applies equally to LILO.

A RIRO intersection differs from a 3/4 intersection (right in/right out/left in) and an unrestricted intersection.
Hoist Finance
Hoist Finance is an asset manager specialised in non-performing loans. For more than 25 years, Hoist Finance has focused on investing in and managing debt portfolios. The company is a partner to international banks and financial institutions across Europe, acquiring non-performing loan portfolios. Hoist Finance is also a partner to consumers and SMEs in a debt situation, creating long-term sustainable repayment plans enabling them to convert non-performing debt to performing debt. They are present in thirteen markets across Europe and the shares are listed on Nasdaq Stockholm.

Nasdaq Stockholm
Nasdaq Stockholm, formerly and colloquially known as the Stockholm Stock Exchange (Swedish: Stockholmsbörsen), is a stock exchange located in Frihamnen, Stockholm, Sweden.  Founded in 1863, it has become the primary securities exchange of the Nordic countries. As of March 2021, a total of 832 companies are listed on Nasdaq Stockholm with 385 companies on the main market and additional 447 listed on secondary markets (Nasdaq First North and Nasdaq First North Premier).
Rossia bullisi
Rossia bullisi, also known as the Gulf bobtail squid, is a species of bobtail squid native to the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, specifically the northern Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida.

R. bullisi grows to 45 mm in mantle length.

The type specimen was collected in the Gulf of Mexico and is deposited at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

Bobtail squid
Bobtail squid are cephalopods belonging to the monotypic superfamily Sepioloidea of the order Sepiolida. Bobtail squid tend to have a rounder mantle than the similar-looking cuttlefish and have no cuttlebone. They have eight suckered arms and two tentacles and are generally quite small (typical male mantle length being between 1 and 8 cm (0.39 and 3.15 in)).

Sepiolids live in shallow coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean and some parts of the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean as well as in shallow waters on the west coast of the Cape Peninsula off South Africa. Like cuttlefish, they can swim by either using the fins on their mantle or by jet propulsion. They are also known as "dumpling squid" (owing to their rounded mantle), "stubby squid", or "bottletail squid".
FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2017 – Men's big air
The men's snowboard big air competition of the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2017 was held at Sierra Nevada, Spain on March 16 (qualifying) and March 17 (finals). 
67 athletes from 28 countries competed.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2017
The 2017 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in Sierra Nevada, Spain, from March 6–19, 2017.

Snowboard cross team events for men and women were introduced to the championships schedule for the first time, bringing the total number of events contested to 26.
Hafiz Abdul Kareem
Hafiz Abdul Kareem (born 1 January 1960) is a Pakistani politician, Doctor and Islamic scholar who serves as the third and current emir of Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadith since 2025 replacing Sajid Mir upon his death. He has been a member of the Senate of Pakistan since March 2018.

Abdul Kareem served as Minister for Communications, in Abbasi cabinet from August 2017 to May 2018. He was also a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to 2018.

Sajid Mir (politician)
Sajid Mir (2 October 1938 – 3 May 2025) was a Pakistani politician and Islamic scholar who served as the second emir of Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadith from 1987 until his death in 2025. He was also a member of the Senate of Pakistan and served, as chairperson of the Senate Committee on Science and Technology.
1969–70 Algerian Cup
The 1969–70 Algerian Cup was the 8th edition of the Algerian Cup. CR Belouizdad (then known as CR Belcourt) won the cup by defeating USM Alger in the final replay. The teams tied 1-1 in their first match, but six days later, CRB won the replay 4-1.

CRB were also the defending champions, having beaten USM Alger 5–3 in the previous season's final. That final had also required a replay after the first final ended in a 1-1 tie.

Algerian Cup
The Algerian Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر), also known as the Republic Cup (Arabic: كأس الجمهورية), is an annual knockout football competition in Algerian football, organized by the Algerian Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1962 and is open to all eligible clubs of the Algerian football league system,. The winners automatically qualify for both the CAF Confederation Cup and the Algerian Super Cup the following year. If they have already qualified for CAF Confederation Cup through their league position, the Confederation Cup spot is given to the highest-placed team in the league who has not yet qualified.

USM Alger and CR Belouizdad are the most successful clubs in the competition, having won 9 titles. USM Alger have contested the most finals with 18  finals. USM Alger are also the most recent winners, having defeated rivals CR Belouizdad in the 2025 final held at the 	Nelson Mandela Stadium.
Shane Hernandez
Shane Hernandez (born August 23, 1982) is an American politician and architect who served in the Michigan House of Representatives from the 83rd district from 2017 to 2020.

With Paul Mitchell opting not to run for reelection to the United States House of Representatives for Michigan's 10th congressional district in the 2020 elections, Hernandez ran to succeed him. He lost to Lisa McClain in the August 4 Republican Party primary election. On August 19, 2022, the Republican nominee for Michigan Governor Tudor Dixon selected Hernandez as her choice for running mate for the 2022 Michigan gubernatorial election.

Tudor Dixon
Tudor Dixon (née Makary; born May 5, 1977) is an American politician, businesswoman, and conservative political commentator. A member of the Republican Party, Dixon was the party's nominee for governor of Michigan in 2022. She was the party's first female nominee for governor. Dixon lost the election to incumbent Democratic Governor Gretchen Whitmer.
Diffraction standard
In crystallography, a diffraction standard, or calibration crystal, is a crystal used to calibrate an X-ray spectrometer to an absolute X-ray energy scale. A range of materials may be used including quartz or silicon crystals. There are also reports of crystals of silver behenate or silver stearate having been used for this purpose.

Calibration
In measurement technology and metrology, calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. Such a standard could be another measurement device of known accuracy, a device generating the quantity to be measured such as a voltage, a sound tone, or a physical artifact, such as a meter ruler.

The outcome of the comparison can result in one of the following:

no significant error being noted on the device under test

a significant error being noted but no adjustment made

an adjustment made to correct the error to an acceptable level

Strictly speaking, the term "calibration" means just the act of comparison and does not include any subsequent adjustment.

The calibration standard is normally traceable to a national or international standard held by a metrology body.
Lyndhurst, New South Wales
Lyndhurst is a small village in New South Wales, Australia  in Blayney Shire.  It is 4 kilometres west of Mandurama or about 269 km west of Sydney and 63 km south-west of Bathurst just off the Mid-Western Highway New South Wales.  Once serving as the major centre for basic goods and needs to the nearby Junction Reefs goldfields. At the 2016 census, Lyndhurst had a population of 267 people.

Lyndhurst was one of the ten areas (including Albury, Armidale, Bombala, Dalgety, Lake George, Orange, Tooma, Tumut and Canberra) shortlisted in 1908 as sites for the national capital.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
Ginza Kojyu
Ginza Kojyu (also known as Ginza Koju) (銀座小十, Ginza Kojū) is a Michelin 2-star kaiseki restaurant in Ginza, Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. It is owned and operated by chef Toru Okuda. It is a personal favorite of chef David Kinch.

Ginza
Ginza (/ˈɡɪnzə/ GHIN-zə; Japanese: 銀座 [ɡindza]) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo, with numerous internationally renowned department stores, boutiques, restaurants and coffeehouses located in the vicinity.

Ginza was a part of the old Kyobashi ward of Tokyo City, which, together with Nihonbashi and Kanda, formed the core of Shitamachi, the original downtown center of Edo (Tokyo).
Allocotocerus
Allocotocerus is a genus of water beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, first described by Ernst Gustav Kraatz in 1883. The decision for synonymy is based on Hansen (1999).

The Australian beetles of this genus are found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Watts separates the three genera of Hydrophilidae (Amphiops, Allocotocerus, and Regimbartia) which occur in Australia, by describing species from the genus Allocotocerus as being black, of length 3.5—4.5 mm, having meso- and meta-tibiae with swimming hairs, normal eyes, and elytra as long as high and having almost no striae.

Amphiops
Amphiops is a genus of aquatic beetles in the tribe Amphiopini of the family Hydrophilidae, first described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1843.

Species of the genus occur in Africa, Asia and Australia. In Australia they are found in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland, in wet tropical areas.
Fuller Lake
Fuller Lake is the body of water with 1.7 acres (0.0069 km2) of surface area in the former Pine Grove Quarry in Cooke Township, Cumberland County, south-central Pennsylvania.

It is within Pine Grove Furnace State Park and the Michaux State Forest, near the community of Toland.  The state park is in the South Mountain Range of the northern Blue Ridge Mountains System.

During the period of iron ore excavation when the pit depth had sufficiently increased, mountain springs that filled the quarry required pumping.

Michaux State Forest
Michaux State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #1.  The main offices are located in Fayetteville in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Michaux State Forest is in several tracts covering more than 85,000 acres (34,400 ha) located in Adams County, southern Cumberland County, eastern Franklin County, and northwestern York County. The Appalachian Trail also runs through Michaux State Forest.
Buttonwillow Raceway Park
Buttonwillow Raceway Park is a motorsports park in Kern County, California, 10-mile (16 km) north of the town of Buttonwillow and 28-mile (45 km) northwest of Bakersfield. Opened in 1995, it is owned and operated by the California Sports Car Club, a region of SCCA, Buttonwillow is the "flagship" track of Cal Club, and is also the location of the Club's administrative offices.

The track offers multiple configurations, with the configuration "Race #13 CW" being the most popular. Many time attack series, most notably Super Lap Battle, hold their events with the 13CW configuration.

The Super Lap Battle is a time attack event held at Buttonwillow since 2004.

The track was repaved in July 2014.

A new, technical circuit is scheduled to finish construction in 2023. The addition will include a new tower building, Tesla Supercharger stations, and new garages. The new track will be named as "The Circuit", with the original track being renamed as "The Classic".

Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.
Liche
Liche, also spelled Liché and Litché, was a settlement in Ethiopia in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was a major market town in Shoa and briefly served as that kingdom's capital. The future emperor Menelek was forced to move his court to Debra Bernam (modern Debre Berhan) in 1878 as part of his treaty with Yohannes IV.

Shewa
Shewa (Amharic: ሸዋ; Oromo: Shawaa;  Somali: Shawa; Arabic: شيوا, Italian: Scioà), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa, is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is located at its center.

The towns of Debre Berhan, Antsokia, Ankober, Entoto and, after Shewa became a province of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa have all served as the capital of Shewa at various times. Most of northern Shewa, made up of the districts of Menz, Tegulet, Yifat, Menjar and Bulga, is populated by Christian Amharas, while southern Shewa is inhabited by the Gurages and eastern Shewa has large Oromo and Argobba Muslim populations. The monastery of Debre Libanos, founded by Saint Tekle Haymanot, is located in the ancient district of Selale. Modern Shewa includes the historical Endagabatan province.
History of Gan Chinese
The history of Gan Chinese, a variety of Chinese spoken in modern-day China, stretches back to the beginning of the Qin dynasty. This long stretch of time is divided into Old Gan, late Old Gan, and Middle Gan periods.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Germaine Richier
Germaine Richier (16 September 1902 – 21 July 1959) was a French sculptor.

Born in Grans, Richier began her studies at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Montpellier, in the atelier of Louis-Jacques Guigues; in 1926 she went to work with Antoine Bourdelle, remaining in his studio until his death in 1929. There she became acquainted with Alberto Giacometti, although the two were never close. Richier for her part was more interested in a classical approach to sculpture, preferring to work from a live model and then reworking the final product. She also met César Baldaccini at this stage in her career. She married Otto Bänninger on 12 December 1929. In 1936, she won the Prix Blumenthal. During the war, she met Marino Marini, in exile in Switzerland.

Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan buʁdɛl]; 30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was a French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important figure in the Art Deco movement and the transition from the Beaux-Arts style to modern sculpture.

His studio became the Musée Bourdelle, an art museum dedicated to his work, located at 18, rue Antoine Bourdelle, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, France.
Cantonment Maidan
Cantonment Maidan or Peeranki Maidan or Peeringee Maidan is a historical ground in the eastern portion of Old Quilon town, near S.N College, in Kerala, India. It is closely associated with the social and political history of Kerala. It hosts the main exhibitions, party meetings and city's main cultural and sports events regularly. Vanitha Fest, Mango Fest, Kollam Bible Convention, Kerala Kaumudi Centenary Expo, various political party meets, Rallies, Cricket & Football Tournaments and other public functions are regularly taking place at Cantonment Maidan.

Chinnakada
Chinnakada or Chinnakkada is considered as the heart of the city of Kollam in Kerala, India. Chinnakada is a busy junction where 5 city roads and one National highway interconnect at a traffic roundabout. The city's symbolic clock tower is located in Chinnakada. To reduce the traffic congestion in Chinnakada, Kollam Municipal Corporation constructed an underpass near to clock tower. Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)'s Kollam sub-regional office is situated at Chinnakada.
Alexandros Laliotis
Alexandros Laliotis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Λαλιώτης; born September 10, 1972) is a retired Greek freestyle wrestler who competed in the men's heavyweight category. Laliotis represented Greece at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and trained at Iraklis Wrestling Club in Thessaloniki under his coach Panagiotis Koutsopakis.

Laliotis qualified for the men's heavyweight class (96 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Greece received an automatic berth as the host nation. In front of the home crowd at Ano Liossia Olympic Hall, Laliotis secured a victory over China's Wang Yuanyuan with a tough 3–2 verdict in the prelim pool but lost in overtime of his next match 1–4 to Slovakia's Peter Pecha. Finishing third in the pool based on technical points and thirteenth overall, Laliotis did not advance to the medal rounds.

Wang Yuanyuan (wrestler)
Wang Yuanyuan (simplified Chinese: 王园元; traditional Chinese: 王園元; pinyin: Wáng Yuányuán; born November 16, 1977) is a male Chinese freestyle wrestler who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

He finished sixth in the 96 kg freestyle competition.