hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Krishnarajapura metro station
Krishnarajapura (abbreviated as K.R. Pura) is an important elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Purple Line as well as the South-North corridor of the upcoming Blue Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India. This will be an upcoming interchange metro station after Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Stn., Majestic having interchange with Purple and Green Lines. Around this station, holds the main KR Puram Railway station followed by some locations like KR Pura Hanging Bridge leading towards Hoskote, Tin Factory, ITI General Hospital and many more. This station under Blue Line is planned to be operational December 2026 instead of June 2026.

The Whitefield - Krishnarajapura trial runs were successfully conducted (under Purple Line) from 25 October for a month. This metro station (under Purple Line) was inaugurated on March 25, 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and was commenced to the public on March 26, 2023.

Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic
Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Station, Majestic is an underground interchange metro station on the east–west corridor of the Purple Line and north–south corridor of Green Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, in the state of Karnataka, India. It opened to the public on 30 April 2016 as part of Namma Metro's Phase-1. This important metro station serves as the interchange station allowing passengers to transfer between these lines for ease of travel. The station is located within walking distance from BMTC & KSRTC's Kempegowda Bus Station, as also the City's Main Railway station.
Iwerne Courtney
Iwerne Courtney (/ˈjuːɜːrn/), also known as Shroton, is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. It lies approximately 4 miles (6 kilometres) north-west of Blandford Forum. It is sited by the small River Iwerne between Hambledon Hill to the south-west and the hills of Cranborne Chase to the east. In 2001 the parish had 187 households and a population of 400. In 2013 the estimated population of the parish was 410.

Blandford Forum
Blandford Forum (/ˈblænfərd/ BLAN-fərd) is a market town in Dorset, England, on the River Stour, 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Poole. It had a population of 10,355 at the 2021 census.

The town is notable for its Georgian architecture, the result of rebuilding after a major fire in 1731; it was assisted by an Act of Parliament and a donation by George II, to designs by local architects John and William Bastard.

The town's economy is based on a mix of the service sector and light industry. Blandford Camp, a military base, is on the hills 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. It is the base of the Royal Corps of Signals, the communications wing of the British Army, and the site of the Royal Signals Museum.
Augustin Langlade
Augustin Mouet, sieur de Langlade, (with a number of name variations) (1703 – c. 1771), was born in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. He was the son of Pierre Mouet, sieur de Moras.

Augustin obtained a fur trading license at Michilimackinac in 1728. That year he married Domitilde, a widow with six children, who was the daughter of an Odawa chief and the sister to another. This strengthened his standing in the area. He was largely responsible for the establishment of the fur trading outpost that became Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1728 he also fought in the Fox Wars together with François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery.

Augustin was a Canadian fur trader in that region. His son, Charles Michel de Langlade, was also involved in fur trading, and was a leader in the French and Indian Wars.

François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery
François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery (24 August 1703 – 29 July 1759) was a colonial military leader in the French province of Canada.  Active in the defense of New France during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War), he died of wounds sustained in the 1759 Battle of La Belle-Famille.
Counting single transferable votes
The single transferable vote (STV) is a proportional representation system and also a ranked vote system that elects multiple winners. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to their first-ranked candidate. Candidates are elected (winners) if their vote tally exceeds the electoral quota. Surplus votes (those exceeding quota) may be transferred from winners to the remaining candidates (hopefuls) according to the surplus ballots' next usable back-up preference.

The system attempts to ensure factions are represented proportionally, without the need for official party lists, by having each winner elected with roughly the same number of votes. There are several variants of the single transferable vote. Each may produce different results.

Thomas Hare (political reformer)
Thomas Hare (28 March 1806 in England – 6 May 1891) was a British lawyer and supporter of electoral reform. He is credited with inventing the single transferable vote system of proportional representation which he was a proponent and defender, now used in national elections in Ireland and Malta, in Australian Senate and state elections, and in city elections in Northern Ireland, the U.S., New Zealand and Scotland.
John Steel (Canadian politician)
John Steel (ca 1737 – May 13, 1826) was a Scottish-born ship's captain and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Bedford in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1800 to 1804. His name also appears as John Steele.

He was born in Ayrshire and served as a volunteer in the British Navy during the American Revolution, reaching the rank of captain. In 1784, he arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia as a midshipman. In 1785, he went to Quebec City, where he served as ship commander in the Lower Canada navy. Around 1787, he married Nancy Griggs. Steel was named a justice of the peace for Monreal district in 1798 and also served as harbour master.  He did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1804. Steel died, probably at Caldwell's Manor, at the age of 89.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Leucia
Leucia is a genus of marine polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae, the scaleworms. Leucia contains 2 species, both found in the northern Atlantic Ocean.  This genus is distinguished from the closely related genus Harmothoe by having sixteen pairs of elytra, as opposed to fifteen.

Polynoidae
Polynoidae is a family of marine Polychaete worms known as "scale worms" due to the scale-like elytra on the dorsal surface. Almost 900 species are currently recognised belonging to 9 subfamilies and 167 genera. They are active hunters, but generally dwell in protected environments such as under stones. The group is widely distributed from shallow intertidal waters to hadal trenches. They are the most diverse group of polychaetes in terms of genus number and second most diverse in terms of species number which is almost 8% of all segmented worm species.
ArtemiFlow
ArtemiFlow is a biotechnology company, founded in 2012 by Peter Seeberger. The company produces and sells pharmaceutical drugs containing the active ingredient artemisinin and its derivatives to fight malaria, cancer and other diseases. As of 2025, Adam Maust is the CEO of ArtemiFlow.

Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.

The chemical compound artemisinin, which is isolated from A. annua, is a medication used to treat malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest species of malarial parasite. Discovery of artemisinin and its antimalarial properties made the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou recipient of the 2011 Lasker Prize and 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
M&M Studios
M&M Studios was a dubbing and subtitling studio established in 1986, in Caracas, Venezuela. The studio was originally called Estudios LAIN And Other name Meta & Modular Traducción Visual. They have worked with some of the most important names in the industry, including: Nickelodeon Latin America, MTV, Sony, AXN, Animax, Chello Latin America (formerly MGM Networks Latin America), A&E Networks, CCI Entertainment, Inti Networks, BBC Latin America and Cinemania, among others.

Currently, they offer dubbing into Neutral Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese, as well as open subtitles and closed captions in both languages. M&M Studio has offices in Caracas, Venezuela. It had other offices in Monterrey, Mexico and Miami, Florida, United States. They also have partners in São Paulo, Brazil. The studio closed operations in 2012 and 2013.

Vandread
Vandread (Japanese: ヴァンドレッド, Hepburn: Vandoreddo) is a Japanese anime television series directed by Takeshi Mori and produced by Gonzo and Digimation. The series is composed of two seasons consisting of 13 episodes each; Vandread, broadcast from October to December 2000, and Vandread: The Second Stage, broadcast from October 2001 to January 2002. The series was also adapted into a manga and light novel series.
Philippines at the FISU World University Games
The Philippines has participated at the FISU World University Games, formerly known as the Universiade until 2019. It debuted at the 1967 Summer Universiade. From 1967 until 2007, athletes representing the country were sent by the University Athletic Association of the Philippines with sanction from Philippine Olympic Committee. Since 2011 it is the Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines (FESSAP), a member of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), that has been sending competitors representing the country at the Universiade.

Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines
The Federation of School Sports Association of the Philippines, abbreviated as FESSAP is a university sports federation based in the Philippines established in 1999. It is recognized by the Commission on Higher Education since 1999 and member of the International University Sports Federation (FISU) since 2009. The university sports body is the sole recognized body for university sports in the Philippines by FISU. FESSAP is also a member of the Asian University Sports Federation since 2000.

In 2013, the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) disputed the membership of FESSAP in FISU. The UAAP asserts that from the 1967 to 2007 the UAAP has been sending athletes to the Universiade, which is organized by FISU. In a meeting by the FISU Executive Committee in Trento, Italy held in December 8, 2013, FESSAP's membership was confirmed by FISU.
Territorial Force Nursing Service
The Territorial Force Nursing Service (TFNS) was established in 1908, part of the reform of the British auxiliary forces introduced by Richard Haldane which created the Territorial Force. Nurses with at least three years of training were able to volunteer for the service, and facilities comprised 23 large buildings earmarked for use as hospitals in the event of war. The TFNS was augmented by the affiliation of Voluntary Aid Detachments. On the outbreak of the First World War, the hospitals were commissioned and up to 2,784 nurses mobilised to staff them. By the end of the war, up to 8,140 nurses had served with the TFNS, 2,280 of them in hospitals and casualty clearing stations abroad. After the war, the TFNS became the Territorial Army Nursing Service in line with the reconstitution of the Territorial Force as the Territorial Army.

Elizabeth Haldane
Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane LLD CH JP (/ˈhɔːldeɪn/; 27 May 1862 – 24 December 1937) was a Scottish author, biographer, philosopher, suffragist, and social welfare and nursing administrator. She managed the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh from 1901 and established the Voluntary Aid Detachment from 1908. She became the first female Justice of the Peace in Scotland in 1920. She was awarded an LLD from St Andrews University in 1906 and was made a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1918.
Fencing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The men's foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1992 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-first appearance of the event. The competition was held on 31 July 1992. 59 fencers from 25 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Philippe Omnès of France, the nation's first victory in the men's foil since 1956 and eighth overall (passing Italy for most all-time). Serhiy Holubytskiy of the Unified Team took silver. Elvis Gregory earned Cuba's first medal in the event in 88 years with his bronze.

Fencing at the 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics, eight fencing events were contested. Men competed in both individual and team events for each of the three weapon types (épée, foil and sabre), but women competed only in foil events.
Parmjit Dhanda
Parmjit Singh Dhanda (born 17 September 1971) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gloucester from 2001 until the 2010 general election, succeeding Tess Kingham as the Labour MP for the seat.

London Borough of Hillingdon
The London Borough of Hillingdon (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in Greater London, England. It forms part of outer London and West London, being the westernmost London borough. It was formed in 1965 from the districts of Hayes and Harlington, Ruislip-Northwood, Uxbridge, and Yiewsley and West Drayton. The borough includes Heathrow Airport and Brunel University, and is the second largest of the 32 London boroughs by area.

The main towns in the borough are Hayes, Ruislip, Northwood, West Drayton and Uxbridge. Hillingdon is the third least densely populated of the London boroughs, due to a combination of rural land in the north, RAF Northolt Aerodrome, and Heathrow Airport.
George Stocks
George Wilfred Stocks (August 1913 — August 1993) was an Anglo-Argentine first-class cricketer.

Stocks was born in Argentina in August 1913. He was educated in England at Denstone College, before returning to Argentina following the completion of his education. Stocks played first-class cricket for Argentina in December 1937 and January 1938, making two appearances against Sir T. E. W. Brinckman's XI. Playing as a bowler in the Argentine side, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 51. As a tailend batsman, he scored 17 runs with a highest score of 9 not out. Stocks died in Argentina in August 1993.

Denstone College
Denstone College is a co-educational, private, boarding and day school in Denstone, Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, England. It is a Woodard School, having been founded by Nathaniel Woodard, and so Christian traditions are practised as part of College life. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
The Deadliest Season
The Deadliest Season is a 1977 American made-for-television sports drama film aired on CBS on March 16, 1977. It was directed by Robert Markowitz, written by Ernest Kinoy and produced by Titus Productions. The film stars Michael Moriarty, Kevin Conway and Meryl Streep.

Robert Markowitz
Robert Markowitz (born February 7, 1935, in Irvington, New Jersey) is an American film and television director. He directed episodes of Serpico (1976), Delvecchio (1976-1977), and Amazing Stories (1986), and a number of television films that include A Dangerous Life (1988), Too Young to Die? (1990), Decoration Day (1990), Because Mommy Works (1994), Twilight Zone: Rod Serling's Lost Classics (1994) The Tuskegee Airmen (1995), The Great Gatsby (2000), The Big Heist (2001), The Pilot's Wife (2002), and Word of Honor (2003).

His last directing credit was the TNT television film  Avenger (2006), starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton.
Outline of Illinois
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Illinois:

Illinois – fifth most populous of the 50 states of the United States of America. Illinois lies between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River and the Ohio River in the Midwestern United States. Chicago, Illinois, is the third most populous city and the third most populous metropolitan area of the United States. The United States created the Illinois Territory on March 1, 1809. Illinois joined the Union as the 21st state on December 3, 1818.

Geography of Illinois
Illinois is in the midwestern United States. Surrounding states are Wisconsin to the north, Iowa and Missouri to the west, Kentucky to the east and south, and Indiana to the east. Illinois also borders Michigan, but only via a northeastern water boundary in Lake Michigan. Nearly the entire western boundary of Illinois is the Mississippi River, except for a few areas where the river has changed course. Illinois' southeastern and southern boundary is along the Wabash River and the Ohio River, whereas its northern boundary and much of its eastern boundary are straight survey (longitudinal and latitudinal) lines. Illinois has a maximum north–south distance of 390 miles (630 km) and 210 miles (340 km) east-west. Its total area is 57,918 square miles (150,010 km2).
Thorn EMI Liberator
The Thorn EMI Liberator was a laptop word processor, produced in the United Kingdom by Thorn EMI Datatech, then in Feltham Middlesex, primarily intended for use by UK Government civil servants. Released in 1985, it is considered to be the first mass-produced British laptop. Thorn EMI Datatech simultaneously held the contracts for the repair of the Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81.

ZX80
The Sinclair ZX80 is a home computer launched on 29 January 1980 by Science of Cambridge Ltd. (later to be better known as Sinclair Research). It was one of the first computers available in the United Kingdom for less than a hundred pounds. It was available in kit form for £79.95, where purchasers had to assemble and solder it together, and as a ready-built version at £99.95.

The ZX80 was advertised as the first personal computer for under £100 and received praise for its value and documentation. However, it faced criticism for screen blanking during program execution, small RAM size, and the keyboard design. It was very popular straight away, and for some time there was a waiting list of several months for either version of the machine.
2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina defeated Chan Hao-ching and Monica Niculescu in the final, 6–0, 6–0 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. It marked the first time since 1953 where the final scoreline was a double bagel. The win also earned the team their third major title together.

Serena and Venus Williams were the defending champions, but they did not compete due to Serena's pregnancy.

Top seeds Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová were attempting to achieve a non-calendar-year Grand Slam, having won the preceding US Open, Australian Open, and French Open titles. However, the pair withdrew prior to their second-round match after Mattek-Sands suffered a knee injury in the second round of the singles competition the previous day.

1953 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Shirley Fry and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Maureen Connolly and Julia Sampson in the final, 6–0, 6–0 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1953 Wimbledon Championships.
Dallas Scottish Rite Temple
The Dallas Scottish Rite Temple is a monumental structure in the Farmers Market District of downtown Dallas, Texas. Constructed in 1913 as an official headquarters for use by the Scottish Rite Masons and other local Masonic lodges, it is a fine example of early 20th century Beaux Arts Classical architecture in Texas. The structure, a Dallas Landmark and Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District.

Harwood Historic District
The Harwood Street Historic District is a historic commercial district and Dallas Landmark District on the east end of downtown Dallas, Texas lying in parts of the City Center District, Main Street District and Farmers Market District. The locally protected district generally encompasses structures in the blocks fronting Harwood Street from Pacific Avenue to Canton Street.

The district represents a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1950s. Styles range from Italianate to Beaux-Arts, Sullivanesque, Neo-classical, Renaissance Revival, Art Moderne, Art Deco and Modern.
Characterizations of the exponential function
In mathematics, the exponential function can be characterized in many ways.
This article presents some common characterizations, discusses why each makes sense, and proves that they are all equivalent.

The exponential function occurs naturally in many branches of mathematics. Walter Rudin called it "the most important function in mathematics".
It is therefore useful to have multiple ways to define (or characterize) it.
Each of the characterizations below may be more or less useful depending on context.
The "product limit" characterization of the exponential function was discovered by Leonhard Euler.

Limit (mathematics)
In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the argument (or index) approaches some value. Limits of functions are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.
The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of a limit of a topological net, and is closely related to limit and direct limit in category theory.
The limit inferior and limit superior provide generalizations of the concept of a limit which are particularly relevant when the limit at a point may not exist.
Bermondsey Project Space
Bermondsey Project Space is a not-for-profit art gallery in Bermondsey, South East London. It was founded in 2015 as Art Bermondsey Project Space and sponsored by Olympus in association with State/F22 magazine. Located in a 3,000 sq ft converted Georgian townhouse adjacent to the White Cube Bermondsey, the gallery hosts three exhibition rooms over three floors of this former paperworks. The gallery presents a programme of exhibitions, events and out-reach educational projects, producing a publication to accompany each show in support of the gallery programme. The Gallery Director is Andrew Etherington. The Artistic Director is Mike von Joel.

White Cube
White Cube is a contemporary art gallery founded by Jay Jopling in London in 1993. The gallery has two branches in London: White Cube Mason's Yard in central London and White Cube Bermondsey in South East London; White Cube Hong Kong, in Central, Hong Kong Island; White Cube Paris, at 10 avenue Matignon in Paris; and White Cube Seoul, which opened in 2023 at 6 Dosan-daero in Seoul.

In October 2023, White Cube opened public gallery spaces and private viewing rooms in New York City's Upper East Side, in a three-floor building at 1002 Madison Avenue.

The Hoxton Square space in the East End of London closed at the end of 2012 and the São Paulo gallery in 2015. The West Palm Beach space in Florida closed at the end of 2023.