hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Berry paradox
The Berry paradox is a self-referential paradox arising from an expression like "The smallest positive integer not definable in under sixty letters" (a phrase with fifty-seven letters).

Bertrand Russell, the first to discuss the paradox in print, attributed it to G. G. Berry (1867–1928), a junior librarian at Oxford's Bodleian Library. Russell called Berry "the only person in Oxford who understood mathematical logic". The paradox was called "Richard's paradox" by Jean-Yves Girard.

Gregory Chaitin
Gregory John Chaitin (/ˈtʃaɪtɪn/ CHY-tin; born 25 June 1947)  is an Argentine-American mathematician and computer scientist. His work was foundational to the development of algorithmic information theory, and has been influential on metamathematics. He independently discovered what is today known as algorithmic (Kolmogorov or Solomonoff–Kolmogorov–Chaitin) complexity simultaneously with Andrei Kolmogorov and Ray Solomonoff.
Hofje Codde en Van Beresteijn
The Hofje van Codde en Beresteyn is a hofje in Haarlem, Netherlands. The current building is from 1968 and is located on the J. Cuyperstraat, which is named for the architect who designed the Cathedral of Saint Bavo next door, Joseph Cuypers. This hofje is the wealthiest hofje foundation in Haarlem with the most modern facilities for its inhabitants. Poor (devote) Catholic women of Haarlem 60 years and older are still welcome to live there for free.

Frans Hals Museum
The Frans Hals Museum (formerly Stedelijk Museum van Haarlem) is a museum in the North Holland city of Haarlem, the Netherlands, founded in 1862, known as the Art Museum of Haarlem. Its collection is based on the city's own rich collection, built up from the 16th century onwards. The museum owns hundreds of paintings, including more than a dozen by Frans Hals, to whom the museum owes its name. The Frans Hals Museum is located in the Haarlem city centre, in the 17th-century Oudemannenhuis with regent's rooms. It houses the famous paintings by Frans Hals and other ancient, modern and contemporary art, as well as the museum café. Until August 2025, location Hal regularly hosted exhibitions of modern and contemporary art.
Figure-ground (cartography)
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the figure), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention. It is thus based on the concept of figure–ground from Gestalt psychology. For example, in a street map with strong figure-ground contrast, the reader would be able to isolate and focus attention on individual features, like a given street, park, or lake, as well as layers of related features, like the street network.

Strong figure-ground contrast has been seen as a desirable goal of map design, because it helps the map reader to perceive distinct geographic phenomena in the map. This allows more complex composition techniques such as visual hierarchy to organize these phenomena into clear structures that help readers use the map for its intended purposes.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
Luvarus necopinatus
Luvarus necopinatus is a species of extinct louvar that lived in the Tethys Ocean during the early Paleogene.  It differs from the modern species, L. imperialis, in that L. necopinatus has an oval body shape, and is around one foot in length when fully grown.

The first specimens were found from the Danata Formation Lagerstätten, of the Thanetian to Ypresian epochs of Turkmenistan.  L. necopinatus was originally described as "Proluvarus necopinatus,"  citing several anatomical differences between Proluvarus and Luvarus.  A later reexamination of the fossil specimens lead researchers to reappraise Proluvarus as a junior synonym, as well as determine that specimens of what were originally thought to be juveniles were actually two different species of a different genus of louvar, Avitoluvarus.

Louvar
The louvar or luvar (Luvarus imperialis) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, it is the only extant species in the genus Luvarus and family Luvaridae.  This taxon is classified within the suborder Acanthuroidei, which includes the surgeonfish, of the order Acanthuriformes, and is the only pelagic species of this order. The juvenile form has a pair of spines near the base of the tail, like the surgeonfish, though they are lost in the adult.
Flag of the South West State
The current flag of Koofur Orsi or Koonfur Galbeed state was adopted in 2014. The first flag of South West State of Somalia was adopted in 13 November 2014. The current flag's adoption when changed, it was the second time that it was changed that year, and the third time overall.

South West State of Somalia
The South-West State of Somalia
(Somali: Koonfur Galbeed, Maay: Koofur Orsé) is a federal member state in southwestern Somalia. It was founded by Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade, leader of the Somalia RRA on 1 April 2002. It was the third autonomous region to be established.

After its dissolution in 2005, the territory was re-established in November 2009 as an official federal member state of Somalia. Sharif Hassan was selected the president of this state. The official capital of South-West state is Barawa, located on the coast of the Somali Sea, though the state administration is currently based in Baidoa.
2026 Iowa Secretary of State election
The 2026 Iowa Secretary of State election will take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the Secretary of State of Iowa, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections will be held on June 2, 2026.

Incumbent Republican secretary Paul Pate is running for re-election to a fifth overall and fourth consecutive term in office.

2026 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 2026 Iowa gubernatorial election will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of the state of Iowa. Incumbent Republican Governor Kim Reynolds declined to seek a third full term in office. Primaries for this election will be held on June 2, 2026.

This is the first open seat gubernatorial election in the state since 2006, which was also the last gubernatorial election in Iowa won by a Democrat.
2023 Guangzhou Open
The 2023 Guangzhou Open (also known as the Galaxy Holding Group Guangzhou Open for sponsorship reasons) was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the Guangzhou Open (the first since 2019), and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at the Nansha International Tennis Center in Guangzhou, China, from 18 September through 23 September, 2023. Unseeded Wang Xiyu won the singles title.

Guangzhou International Women's Open
The Guangzhou Open (formerly the Guangzhou International Women's Open) is a tennis tournament held in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Held since 2004, the inaugural tournament had Li Na as the first Chinese singles title winner.
Redgrave, Suffolk
Redgrave is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England, just south of the River Waveney that here forms the county boundary with Norfolk. The village is about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) west of the town of Diss. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 459.

Redgrave is in the Rickinghall and Walsham ward of Mid Suffolk District.

The village of Redgrave is the descendant of the historic Redgrave Manor (Redgrave Park) which contained Redgrave Hall and currently contains Redgrave Park Farm.

Mid Suffolk
52°09′22″N 1°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.1560°N 1.0489°E﻿ / 52.1560; 1.0489

Mid Suffolk is a local government district in Suffolk, England. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just three towns, being Stowmarket, Needham Market and Eye. Its council was based in Needham Market until 2017 when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Babergh District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. In 2021 it had a population of 103,417.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Babergh, West Suffolk, Breckland and South Norfolk.
Cod-THC
Cod-THC (Codeine Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol carbonate) is a synthetic codrug formed by linking tetrahydrocannabinol with codeine via a carbonate bridge. It is well absorbed orally and shows superior analgesic effects in animal studies compared to a simple mixture of the two drugs.

THC can partially inhibit CYP2D6, which is the enzyme that transforms codeine into its active metabolite morphine. It's not well understood how THC may impact codeines metabolism in humans.

Carbonate ester
In organic chemistry, a carbonate ester (organic carbonate or organocarbonate) is an ester of carbonic acid. This functional group consists of a carbonyl group flanked by two alkoxy groups. The general structure of these carbonates is R−O−C(=O)−O−R′ and they are related to esters (R−O−C(=O)−R′), ethers (R−O−R′) and also to the inorganic carbonates.

Monomers of polycarbonate (e.g. Makrolon or Lexan) are linked by carbonate groups. These polycarbonates are used in eyeglass lenses, compact discs, and bulletproof glass. Small carbonate esters like dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate are used as solvents, dimethyl carbonate is also a mild methylating agent.
Resettlement and villagization in Ethiopia
Resettlement and villagization in Ethiopia has been an issue from the late nineteenth century up to the present, due to the overcrowded population of the Ethiopian Highlands. As the population of Ethiopia has increased in the twentieth century, the need to move inhabitants has only increased as available cropland per family declined to its current level of less than one hectare per farmer.

Welega Province
Welega (also spelled Wollega; Oromo: Wallaggaa; Amharic: ወለጋ) was a province in western Ethiopia, with its capital city at Nekemte. It was named for the Wollega Oromo, who are the majority of the population within its boundaries.

Welega was bordered on the west by Sudan, on the north by the Abbay River which separated it from Gojjam, on the east by Shewa, on the southeast by Kaffa, and on the south by Illubabor.
Terra de Promissio
Terra de Promissio (English: The Land of Promise) is a family owned and operated vineyard that grows Sonoma Coast pinot noir grapes. The vineyard is located in the Sonoma Coast AVA, outside Petaluma, California in Sonoma County.

Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.
Uraeotyphlus
Uraeotyphlus is a genus of caecilians in the family Ichthyophiidae. There are seven species in this genus, all of which are endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Previously, the genus has also been placed in its own monotypic family Uraeotyphlidae.

Ichthyophiidae
The Ichthyophiidae are the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians found in South and Southeast Asia as well as southernmost China.

They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, their mouths are not recessed underneath their heads, they possess tails, and they have numerous scales on their bodies. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. Some evidence indicates the females may protect their eggs until they hatch.
Santa Fe SD26
The Santa Fe SD26 were EMD SD24 diesel locomotives rebuilt by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway between January 1973 and January 1978. In an effort to spare the cost of purchasing new motive power, the Santa Fe elected to expand on the success of its CF7 and other capital rebuild programs and extend the life of its fleet of 80 aging SD24s by rebuilding them at its San Bernardino, California Shops.

The rebuilt locomotives saw service throughout much of the Santa Fe system. One unit, the 4625, was wrecked in August 1974 shortly after rebuild. Another 44 units were retired by Santa Fe in 1985 and replaced with state-of-the-art equipment, while a year later the remaining 35 units were sold to Guilford Rail System (now Pan Am Railways). As of 2012, all SD26s have been scrapped.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Pierre Chaulet
Pierre Chaulet (27 March 1930– 5 October 2012) was a French-Algerian doctor and National Liberation Front (FLN) militant during the Algerian War. He was instrumental in Algeria's successful campaign to eradicate tuberculosis.

University of Algiers 1
The University of Algiers 1 (Arabic: جامعة الجزائر), commonly called Benyoucef Benkhedda, is a public research university based in Algiers, Algeria. Founded in 1909 from the amalgamation of different French colonial educational institutions, it has become the oldest and most prestigious university in the country.
Combi coupé
Combi coupé is a marketing term used by Saab to describe cars with a sloping coupé-like rear hatchback. The term joins the European term "combi" (for an estate car / station wagon) with coupé.

The design combines the functionality of a hatchback with the appearance of a fastback (as in liftback). As per a hatchback, the combi coupé incorporates a shared passenger and cargo space.

Fastback
A fastback is an automotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail.

Some models, such as the Ford Mustang, have been marketed explicitly as fastbacks, often to differentiate them from other body styles (e.g. coupé models) in the same model range.
2025 Honda Indy 200
The 2025 Honda Indy 200 was the tenth round of the 2025 IndyCar season. The race was held on July 6, 2025, in Lexington, Ohio at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. The race was contested of 90 laps. Scott Dixon won the race, Álex Palou finished 2nd, and Christian Lundgaard finished 3rd. Colton Herta and Pato O'Ward rounded out the top five, while Felix Rosenqvist, Marcus Armstrong, Kyle Kirkwood, Rinus VeeKay, and Kyffin Simpson rounded out the top ten.

2025 IndyCar Series
The 2025 NTT IndyCar Series was the 114th official championship season of American open-wheel racing and the 30th season under IndyCar Series sanction. Its showcase event was the 109th running of the Indianapolis 500, which was won by Chip Ganassi Racing driver Álex Palou for the first time. Palou also entered the season as the back-to-back defending champion and earned a three-peat. He became the first driver to win the Indianapolis 500 and season driver's title in the same year since Dario Franchitti in 2010.
Lincoln County, Maine
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,237. Its seat is Wiscasset. The county was founded in 1760 by the Massachusetts General Court from a portion of York County, Massachusetts and named after the English city Lincoln, the birthplace of Massachusetts Bay Provincial Governor Thomas Pownall.

At its founding, Lincoln County accounted for three-fifths of the state's land, and stretched east to Nova Scotia. Thirteen counties were cut out of this land including Sagadahoc County to the west and a portion of Kennebec County to the north. The county flag is a traditional New England flag, adopted in 1977.

Rockland, Maine
Rockland is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Maine,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 6,936. The city is a popular tourist destination. It is a departure point for the Maine State Ferry Service to the islands of Penobscot Bay: Vinalhaven, North Haven and Matinicus.
Neidpath Castle
Neidpath Castle is an L-plan rubble-built tower house, overlooking the River Tweed about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Peebles in the Borders of Scotland. The castle is both a wedding venue and filming location and can be viewed by appointment.

William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry
William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry, KT (16 December 1724 – 23 December 1810) was a Scottish nobleman and landowner. He was popularly known as Old Q (because that letter was painted on his carriage's door) and was reputed as a high-stakes gambler. In 1799 he was estimated the eighth-wealthiest man (or small family unit) in Britain, owning £1M (equivalent to £124,100,000 in 2023). He is one of ten known British millionaires that year, the royal family excluded.
Tony Garza
Antonio Oscar "Tony" Garza Jr. (born July 7, 1959) is an American lawyer and diplomat who was the United States Ambassador to Mexico from 2002 to 2009 under President George W. Bush. In recognition of his work, Mexico bestowed on him the Águila Azteca, the highest award granted to foreigners, in 2009. Prior to his appointment as ambassador, Garza had served as Secretary of State of Texas from January 1995 to November 1997 and was also chairman of the Texas Railroad Commission.

Secretary of State of Texas
The secretary of state of Texas is one of the six members of the executive department of the State of Texas in the United States. Under the Constitution of Texas, the appointment is made by the governor of Texas, with confirmation by the Texas Senate.

The officeholder is the chief elections officer, the protocol officer for state and international matters, as well as the liaison for the governor on Mexican and border matters.

The secretary of state offices are in the James Earl Rudder State Office Building at 1019 Brazos Street in Austin; the main building handles business and public filings, statutory documents, administrative code open meetings and the UCC. The secretary of state elections office is on the second floor of the James Earl Rudder Building. The executive offices are in Room 1E.8 in the Texas State Capitol.
Red Screes
Red Screes is a fell in the English Lake District, situated between the villages of Patterdale and Ambleside. It may be considered an outlier of the Fairfield group in the Eastern Fells, but is separated from its neighbours by low cols. This gives Red Screes an independence which is reflected in its prominence.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
Bill C-13
Bill C-13 is the name of various legislation introduced into the House of Commons of Canada, including

Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act, a framework that empowers Canadian law enforcement and security intelligence agencies

Bill C-13, As of 2022, the Government of Canada is proposing Bill C-13 which is an update for the Official Languages Act.

Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act
The Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act (French: Loi sur la protection des Canadiens contre la cybercriminalité) is a law passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2014. It was introduced in the House of Commons by the Conservative  government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper on November 20, 2013, during the 41st Parliament, and received royal assent on December 9, 2014.

Commonly known as "lawful access" legislation, the Act is the fifth iteration of a framework that empowers Canadian law enforcement and security intelligence agencies and the product of four previous attempts made by Liberal and Conservative governments.
1943–44 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 1943–44 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 1943–44 NCAA men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Harold Olsen and they played their home games at the Fairgrounds Coliseum. Ohio State finished Big Ten play atop the standings with a 10–2 record. The Buckeyes were one of eight teams selected to play in the NCAA tournament where they reached the second Final Four in program history before losing to Dartmouth in the East regional final.

1943–44 Dartmouth Indians men's basketball team
The 1943–44 Dartmouth Indians men's basketball team represented Dartmouth College during the 1943–44 NCAA men's basketball season. The team, led by head coach Earl Brown, played their home games at Alumni Gym and were members of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League (EIBL). They finished the season 19–2, 8–0 in EIBL play to win the league title. Dartmouth was one of eight teams to receive an invitation to the NCAA tournament where they finished runner-up for the second time in three seasons.
Riesenstein (Wolfershausen)
The Riesenstein (English: giant's stone) is a megalith or menhir, which is situated close to the village of Wolfershausen. It is the largest megalith in the district of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.