hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
The 1868 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Rhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 32.98%.

With 66.49% of the popular vote, Rhode Island would be Grant's fifth strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after Vermont, Massachusetts, Kansas and Tennessee.

1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Massachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 39.53%.

With 69.76% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would be Grant's second strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after neighboring Vermont.

This is the last election in which Dorchester voted in a presidential election, as it was annexed by the city of Boston in 1869.
Listed buildings in Halsall
Halsall is a civil parish in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England.  It contains 17 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Halsall and Shirdley Hill, and is otherwise rural.  The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with it are four bridges and a milestone.  The other listed buildings include a church and structures in the churchyard, houses, a ha-ha, a ruined building, a boundary stone, and a war memorial.

Shirdley Hill
Shirdley Hill is a small village in the civil parish of Halsall, Lancashire, England, and is situated on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. It is reached by B roads from either the A5147 or the A570.

An £80,000 redevelopment of the village green, completed in 2009, provided the green with a new pond, benches and a flower bed.
Shirdley Hill railway station was on the Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway, though the station closed in 1938, and the track was lifted in 1964. A plaque on the corner of Shaws Garth marks the site.

In 2013, the Village installed an Automated Defibrillator near the Bus Stop.

Shirdley Hill gave its name to "Shirdley Hill Sand" which was used in a number of industrial processes, particularly glassmaking.
Reinhard F. Stocker
Reinhard F. Stocker (born 1944) is a Swiss biologist. He pioneered the analysis of the sense of smell and taste in higher animals, using the fly Drosophila melanogaster as a study case. He provided a detailed account of the anatomy and development of the olfactory system, in particular across metamorphosis, for which he received the Théodore-Ott-Prize of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences in 2007, and pioneered the use of larval Drosophila for the brain and behavioural sciences.

Homeotic gene
Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as echinoderms, insects, mammals, and plants. Homeotic genes often encode transcription factor proteins, and these proteins affect development by regulating downstream gene networks involved in body patterning.

Mutations in homeotic genes cause displaced body parts (homeosis), such as antennae growing at the posterior of the fly instead of at the head. Mutations that lead to development of ectopic structures are usually lethal.
Dennis Riley
Dennis Riley (28 May 1943 – 6 May 1999) was an American composer whose style extends from early Webernesque music to a later embrace of neo-romanticism.

He was born in Los Angeles, CA, his family moving in 1950 to Lakewood, CO. At the University of Colorado his teachers included Storm Bull. He received a Master of Music in composition (1968) from the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. in composition (1973) from the University of Iowa, where some of his teachers were George Crumb and Ben Johnston. He taught at California State University, Fresno (1971—74), and Columbia University (1974—77). He died of AIDS in New York.

His large oeuvre, almost all published by C. F. Peters, includes two operas with libretti by Joseph Pazillo:  Rappaccini’s Daughter (1981–84), after the Hawthorn's story  and Cats’ Concert (1983), a children's opera. He was notable as a very early adopter of score writing software.

Ben Johnston (composer)
Benjamin Burwell Johnston Jr. (March 15, 1926 – July 21, 2019) was an American contemporary music composer, known for his use of just intonation. He was called "one of the foremost composers of microtonal music" by Philip Bush and "one of the best non-famous composers this country has to offer" by John Rockwell.
DreamUp
DreamUp PBC is a Public-benefit corporation that offers space-based educational activities. DreamUp is a spin-off and sister company of Nanoracks LLC, a private spaceflight company. Nanoracks gives DreamUp access to research opportunities on the U.S. National Lab on board the International Space Station.

DreamUp is part of XO Markets, a holding company for commercial space exploration, of which a majority stake is held by Voyager Space Holdings.

Orbital ATK
Orbital ATK Inc. was an American aerospace manufacturer and defense industry company. It was formed in February 9, 2015 from the merger of Orbital Sciences Corporation and parts of Alliant Techsystems (ATK). Orbital ATK designed, built, and delivered rocket engines, military vehicles, firearms, autocannons, missiles, ammunition, precision-guided munitions, satellites, missile approach warning systems, launch vehicles and spacecraft. The company was acquired by Northrop Grumman on June 6, 2018. The former Orbital ATK operations were renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems and operated as a division until January 1, 2020 when a reorganization merged the operations into the company's other divisions.
The District (Tustin)
The District is a large outdoor shopping center and entertainment hub in Tustin, California. It was developed by Vestar Development Co. and was the largest shopping center in Orange County to open in more than a decade when it opened in 2007. The shopping center features a 14-screen movie theater managed by AMC, a bowling alley, a large industrial themed food hall named Union Market, along with other restaurants for entertainment. The center features more big-box retailers and specialty shops than high-end fashion retailers, such as Costco, Lowe's, Target, TJMaxx/Home Goods, Whole Foods Market, Michaels, Ulta Beauty, Vans and Tillys, due to its proximity to South Coast Plaza, Fashion Island, and Irvine Spectrum Center.

South Coast Plaza
South Coast Plaza  in Costa Mesa, California is the largest shopping mall in California and the   6th largest mall in the United States.
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, its sales volume of over $1.5 billion annually was the highest in the US. 
Anchored by three Macy's stores, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, and Saks Fifth Avenue, its 275 retailers represent the highest concentration of fashion retail in the country.
Prakash Munda
Prakash Rameshwar Munda (born 7 November 1991) is an Indian first-class cricketer who played for Jharkhand cricket team. He was a right-handed wicket-keeper batsman. He is a first tribal to play in Jharkhand cricket team.

Jharkhand cricket team
The Jharkhand cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in the Indian state of Jharkhand. When the old state of Bihar was split into Jharkhand state and Bihar state, the Jharkhand team took the place of the Bihar cricket team,  as much of the former's state's cricketing infrastructure was in Jharkhand.
Niketas Ooryphas
Niketas Oryphas or Oöryphas (Ancient Greek: Νικήτας ὁ Ὀρύφας or Ὠορυφᾶς, fl. 860–873) was a distinguished Byzantine official, patrikios, and admiral under the Byzantine emperors Michael III (r. 842–867) and Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), who achieved several naval victories against the Cretan Saracen raiders.

Michael III
Michael III  (Ancient Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Michaḗl; 9/10 January 840 – 24 September 867), also known as Michael the Drunkard, was Byzantine emperor from 842 to 867. Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Amorian (or Phrygian) dynasty. He was given the disparaging epithet the Drunkard (ὁ Μέθυσος) by the hostile historians of the succeeding Macedonian dynasty, but modern historical research has rehabilitated his reputation to some extent, demonstrating the vital role his reign played in the resurgence of Byzantine power in the 9th century. He was also the youngest person to bear the imperial title (aged 4 months), as well as the youngest to succeed as senior emperor (aged 2) in the Roman Empire. In 867, Michael was assassinated by his successor, Basil I.
Henry Charlick
Henry Charlick (8 July 1845 in London, England – 26 July 1916 in Adelaide, Australia) was a leading Australian chess master in the 1880s. He won the second Australian Chess Championship at Adelaide 1887 with 7½ points out of 9 games, ahead of reigning champion Frederick Karl Esling (7 points) and George H. D. Gossip (6½). Charlick scored 6/8 in the third championship at Melbourne 1888, tying for first with William Crane, Jr., ahead of William Tullidge (5½), but narrowly lost the playoff to Crane (1 win, 2 losses, 1 draw).

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Yellow-bellied elaenia
The yellow-bellied elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) is a small bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country, in every mainland South American country except Chile, on Trinidad and Tobago, and on several islands in the Lesser Antilles.

Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus".
Duit language
Duit is an extinct Chibcha language, which had been spoken by the Muisca of present-day Boyacá, Colombia. The language appears in the modern name of the pre-Columbian settlement and last ruler Tundama; Duitama.

Tundama
Tundama or Saymoso (15th century – late December 1539 in Duitama) was a cacique of the Muisca Confederation, a loose confederation of different rulers of the Muisca who inhabited the central highlands (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) of the Colombian Andes. The city of Tundama, currently known as Duitama and part of the Tundama Province, Boyacá, were named after the cacique. Tundama ruled over the northernmost territories of the Muisca, submitted last by the Spanish conquistadores.

Tundama was killed late December 1539 with a large hammer by Spanish conquistador Baltasar Maldonado. His successor, Don Juan was killed shortly after, ending the reign of the Muisca in the New Kingdom of Granada, the name for present-day Colombia and a part of Venezuela in the Spanish Empire.

Knowledge about Tundama has been compiled by scholar Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita.
Elias Zazi
Elias Zazi (born 1964 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Swedish-Assyrian composer and a theorist in music. Zazi also teaches music and works as a music critic and writer to a daily newspaper in Södertälje, Sweden.

Assyrians in Sweden
Assyrians in Sweden (Swedish: Assyrier i Sverige) are citizens and residents of Sweden who are of Assyrian  descent. There are approximately 150,000 Assyrians in Sweden.

Assyrians first came to Sweden from Syria for work in the late 1960s when Europe needed laborers for its industries. However, with increased ethnic and religious persecution in their homeland, which is located in present-day southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria, Assyrian immigration to Sweden increased. Those who had lived in Sweden for a longer period of time were granted residency for humanitarian reasons, given the conflicts in their place of origin.
Deflated Chime, Foals Slightly Flower Sibylline Responses
Deflated Chime, Foals Slightly Flower Sibylline Responses is a limited edition tour-only EP by Elephant Six indie rock band of Montreal.  The EP contains two previously released songs, "Disconnect the Dots" from Satanic Panic in the Attic and "Wraith Pinned to the Mist (And Other Games)" from The Sunlandic Twins, and two new songs, "Psychotic Feeling" and "Noir Blues to Tinnitus."

After the EP's release, "Noir Blues to Tinnitus" was included as the b-side to "Voltaic Crusher/Undrum to Muted Da" from Suicide Squeeze and also appears on the 2012 of Montreal compilation album Daughter of Cloud. The single was sold by the band on their tour in support of The Sunlandic Twins. It was given a rating of five by PopMatters.

The Sunlandic Twins
The Sunlandic Twins is the seventh album by indie pop band of Montreal.  The album continues further into the more electronic territory first explored on 2004's Satanic Panic in the Attic.  It was recorded almost entirely by Kevin Barnes, the band's singer and songwriter, in Athens, GA and Oslo, Norway throughout 2004.
St. John's Jr. 50's
The St. John's Jr. 50's were a Canadian Junior ice hockey club from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.  They were members of the St. John's Junior Hockey League, the first ever 3-time Don Johnson Cup Atlantic Junior B Champions and one-time Newfoundland Junior A Champions.

Labatt Brewing Company
Labatt Brewing Company Limited (French: La Brasserie Labatt Limitée) is a Anheuser-Busch InBev-owned brewery headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1847, Labatt is the largest brewer in Canada.

In 1995, it was purchased by Belgian brewer Interbrew. In 2004, Interbrew merged with Brazilian brewer AmBev to form InBev. In 2008, InBev merged with American brewer Anheuser-Busch to form Anheuser-Busch InBev (abbreviated as AB InBev), making Labatt part of Anheuser-Busch InBev. On October 10, 2016, an over $100 billion merger between Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller closed. Labatt is now part of the new company, Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, which is trading as BUD on the New York Stock Exchange (ABI:BB in Brussels).

In the United States, Labatt brand beers are sold under license by Labatt USA. Since 2009, it has been fully independent of the Canadian firm; it is a subsidiary of the privately held FIFCO USA of Rochester, New York.
Charles Stanhope (1708–1736)
Charles Stanhope (6 September 1708 – 20 February 1736) was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby.

Charles Stanhope was born on 6 September 1708 to the 3rd Earl of Chesterfield and Elizabeth Stanhope. He was a grandson of the 2nd Lord Chesterfield, in whom the estate was named after. For six years, (1730 - 1736) he sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain as MP for Derby under an influence from his brother, Philip, Lord Chesterfield, whom he later  followed into opposition in 1733. He voted against the Excise Bill in 1734, which became known as Septennial Act. After he won the opposition he was re-elected, 2 years later he died on 20 February 1736.

Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (d. 1708)
Elizabeth Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield (c. 1677 – c. 1708) was an English noblewoman who was the wife of Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield and the daughter of George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax. Her mother was probably Gertrude Pierrepont, Halifax's second wife. It was to Elizabeth that her father addressed a work entitled The Lady’s New Year's Gift: or Advice to a Daughter. She married Philip Stanhope in 1692. They had one son, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield.
Circle graph
In graph theory, a circle graph is  the intersection graph of a chord diagram. That is, it is an undirected graph whose vertices can be associated with a finite system of chords of a circle such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords cross each other.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Balance of Competences Review
The Balance of Competences Review was an “audit of what the EU (European Union) does and how it affects the UK (United Kingdom)”, carried out by the United Kingdom Government during the Cameron–Clegg coalition. It was launched in 2012 and the set of reports was published in December 2014, but without a single summary final report.

Cameron–Clegg coalition
The Cameron–Clegg coalition was formed by David Cameron and Nick Clegg when Cameron was invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a new government, following the resignation of Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, after the general election on 6 May. It was the UK's first coalition government since the Churchill war ministry ended in 1945.

The coalition was led by Cameron as prime minister with Clegg as deputy prime minister and composed of members of both Cameron's centre-right Conservative Party and Clegg's centrist Liberal Democrats. The Cabinet was made up of sixteen Conservatives and five Liberal Democrats, with eight other Conservatives and one other Liberal Democrat attending cabinet but not members. The coalition was succeeded by the single-party, second Cameron ministry following the 2015 election.
The Watcher of Westfield, New Jersey
The Watcher of Westfield, New Jersey is an anonymous individual who stalked the owners of the house at 657 Boulevard, Westfield, New Jersey, from 2014 to 2017. The individual sent them multiple harassing letters signed "The Watcher." The owners never moved in out of fear for their family's safety.

In 2022, the Netflix series The Watcher debuted, based loosely on these events.

Westfield, New Jersey
Westfield is a town in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located 16 miles (26 km) southwest of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 31,032, an increase of 716 (+2.4%) from the 2010 census count of 30,316, which in turn reflected an increase of 672 (+2.3%) from the 29,644 counted in the 2000 census.

In March 2018, Bloomberg ranked Westfield as the 99th highest-income place in the United States, and the 18th highest-income location in New Jersey. According to a 2014 nationwide survey, Westfield was ranked as the 30th-safest city to live in the United States.

The town has been one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013–2017, Westfield residents had a median household income of $159,923, ranked 8th in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, more than double the statewide median of $76,475.
Sedapatti Assembly constituency
Sedapatti was a state assembly constituency in Madurai district in Tamil Nadu. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below. Elections were not held in the years 1957 and 1962.

In 2008, under a Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency Order, Sedapatti Assembly constituency was merged with Usilampatti Assembly constituency.

Madurai district
Madurai district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. The city of Madurai serves as the district headquarters. It houses the famous Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwarar temple and is situated on the banks of the river Vaigai. Thiruparankundram is one of the major tourist places in the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,038,252 with a sex-ratio of 990 females for every 1,000 males. Aside from the city of Madurai, the larger towns of the district include Melur, Vadipatti, Thirumangalam, Thirupparankundram, Peraiyur, and Usilampatti.
Silvinichthys
Silvinichthys is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Trichomycteridae, the pencil and parasitic catfishes. The catfishes in this genus are endemic to Argentina. Many species are Phreatobites.

Trichomycteridae
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes; though only certain species are parasitic, those are some of the few parasitic chordates known. This family is prohibited from being imported into various parts of the United States due to their reputation as parasites.

The life monsefuano (Trichomycterus punctulatus) was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.
Transputer
The transputer is a series of microprocessors from the 1980s, intended for parallel computing. To support this, each transputer had its own integrated memory and serial communication links to exchange data with other transputers. They were designed and produced by Inmos, a semiconductor company based in Bristol, United Kingdom.

For some time in the late 1980s, many considered the transputer to be the next great design for the future of computing. While the transputer did not achieve this expectation, the transputer architecture was highly influential in provoking new ideas in computer architecture, several of which have re-emerged in different forms in modern systems.

Motherboard
A motherboard, also known as a mainboard, system board, logic board, and informally mobo (see "Nomenclature" section), is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the CPU, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.: 48