hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crowninshield family
The Crowninshield family is an American family that was historically prominent in seafaring, political and military leadership, and the literary world. The founder of the American family emigrated from what is now Germany in the 17th century.  The family is one of several known collectively as Boston Brahmins, a reference to old wealthy New England families of British Protestant origin that became influential in the development of American institutions and culture.

Ben Bradlee
Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (August 26, 1921 – October 21, 2014) was an American journalist who served as managing editor and later as executive editor of The Washington Post, from 1965 to 1991. He became a public figure when the Post joined The New York Times in publishing the Pentagon Papers and gave the go-ahead for the paper's extensive coverage of the Watergate scandal in the 1970s. He was also criticized for editorial lapses when the Post had to return a Pulitzer Prize in 1981 after it discovered that its award-winning story was false.

After his retirement, Bradlee continued to be associated with the Post, holding the position of Vice President at-large until his death. In retirement, Bradlee was an advocate for education and the study of history, including his role as a trustee on the boards of several major educational, historical, and archaeological research institutions.
Universally measurable set
In mathematics, a subset  of a Polish space  is universally measurable if it is measurable with respect to every complete probability measure on  that measures all Borel subsets of .  In particular, a universally measurable set of reals is necessarily Lebesgue measurable (see § Finiteness condition below).

Every analytic set is universally measurable.  It follows from projective determinacy, which in turn follows from sufficient large cardinals, that every projective set is universally measurable.

Projective hierarchy
In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a subset  of a Polish space  is projective if it is  for some positive integer .  Here  is

if  is analytic

if the complement of , , is

if there is a Polish space  and a  subset  such that  is the projection of  onto ; that is,

The choice of the Polish space  in the third clause above is not very important; it could be replaced in the definition by a fixed uncountable Polish space, say Baire space or Cantor space or the real line.
Haplogroup J-M172
In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southern Europe, Northwestern Iran and North Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in the Caucasus, Anatolia, Mesopotamia and/or present-day Western Iran.

It is further divided into two complementary clades, J-M410 and J-M12 (M12, M102, M221, M314).

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
1981 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1981 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament of the Ohio Valley Conference during the 1980–81 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held March 5–6, 1981. The semifinals and finals took place at E. A. Diddle Arena in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Top seed Western Kentucky won the tournament, defeating Murray State in the championship game, and received the Ohio Valley's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The Hilltoppers drew a 10 seed in the Mideast region, facing the 7 seed UAB.

1980–81 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team
The 1980–81 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky University during the 1980–81 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hilltoppers were members of the Ohio Valley Conference and led by OVC Coach of the Year Clem Haskins, in his first season as head coach.  WKU won the OVC regular season and tournament championships and received the conference's automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament.  Craig McCormick and Tony Wilson made the All-OVC Team, and Wilson and Percy White were selected to the OVC Tournament Team.
Lake Plantagenet
Lake Plantagenet is a lake in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

The name of the lake commemorates the House of Plantagenet. Its name in the Ojibwe language is Ozaawindibe-zaaga'igan (Yellow-head Lake), named after Ozaawindib, an Ojibwe who guided Henry Schoolcraft to the nearby Omashkoozo-zaaga'igan (Elk Lake), renamed by Schoolcraft Lake Itasca.

Lake Itasca
Lake Itasca (/aɪˈtæskə/ eye-TASS-kə) is a small glacial lake, approximately 4.7 square kilometres (470 hectares; 1,200 acres) in area. It is located in Itasca State Park, in south-eastern Clearwater County, in the Headwaters area of north-central Minnesota, and is notable for being the headwater of the Mississippi River. It has a range depth of 20 to 35 feet (5 to 10 m) and is 1,475 feet (450 m) above sea level.

The Ojibwe name for the lake is Omashkoozo-zaaga'igan (Elk Lake). The first European explorers in the area were French Canadian and they named the lake Lac Labiche (Doe Lake, often mistranslated as Elk Lake). The name was later changed by Henry Schoolcraft to "Itasca", coined from a combination of the Latin phrase veritas caput ("true head [of the Mississippi]"). It is one of several examples of pseudo-Native American place names created by Schoolcraft.
Robert Harris (novelist)
Robert Dennis Harris CBE (born 7 March 1957) is a British novelist and former journalist. Although he began his career in journalism and non-fiction, he is best known for his works of historical fiction. Beginning with the best-seller Fatherland, Harris focused on events surrounding the Second World War, followed by works set in ancient Rome. His later works are varied in settings but are mostly set after 1870.

Several of Harris's novels have been adapted into films, including The Ghost Writer (2010) and An Officer and a Spy (2019), for which he co-wrote the screenplays with director Roman Polanski, and Conclave (2024).

Bernard Ingham
Sir Bernard Ingham (21 June 1932 – 24 February 2023) was a British journalist and civil servant. He was Margaret Thatcher's chief press secretary throughout her time as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990.
Mark 21 torpedo
The designation Mark 21 torpedo was applied by the United States Navy to two designs of acoustic homing aerial torpedo, both developed from the widely-used Mark 13 torpedo, but controlled by two different developers and taking two different approaches:

The Mark 21 Mod 0 torpedo was a torpedo developed in 1943 by Westinghouse, using electric propulsion

The Mark 21 Mod 2 torpedo was a torpedo developed in the late 1940s by Bell for use in the AUM-N-2 Petrel missile, using steam propulsion

Mark 13 torpedo
The Mark 13 torpedo was the U.S. Navy's most common aerial torpedo of World War II. It was the first American torpedo to be originally designed for launching from aircraft only. They were also used on PT boats.
1933 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1933 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Young Irelands entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 111 June 1933 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Army Metro and Garda, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Army Metro won the match by 3–06 to 3–04 to claim their first ever championship title.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
Victoria Ward (Ottawa)
Victoria Ward was one of the original municipal wards in the city of Ottawa, Province of Canada created in 1855 from part of West Ward in Bytown.

Victoria Ward originally consisted of the now uninhabited LeBreton Flats neighbourhood of Ottawa and Parliament Hill. When the city expanded westward, it began to include all of the city north of Wellington Street, encompassing Mechanicsville and parts of Hintonburg. In 1952, it merged with Elmdale Ward to become Elmdale-Victoria Ward.

Somerset Ward
Somerset (Ward 14) is a city ward in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It covers the neighbourhoods of Downtown Ottawa, Centretown, Lebreton Flats and most of Centretown West. It is Ottawa's smallest and most dense ward. It is represented on Ottawa City Council by Ariel Troster. It has an area of 6.5 km2 and a projected 2006 population of 38,500. According to the 2001 Canadian census, it had a population of 36,365. The ward was created in 1994 when Dalhousie Ward and Wellington Ward were merged. At the time it was known as just Ward 6 until 1995 when it was given the Somerset name.
1837 Naval Air Squadron
1837 Naval Air Squadron (1837 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The squadron was established in the United States at HMS Saker II, the Royal Naval Air Station at USNAS Quonset Point in January 1943. It boarded HMS Begum in January 1944, and landed at HMS Ringtail, RNAS Burscough, in February, then moved to HMS Blackcap, RNAS Stretton. As the only squadron in the 6th Naval Fighter Wing, it joined HMS Atheling and sailed to Ceylon, landing at the RAF station in Minneriya in April. The squadron boarded HMS Illustrious participating in operations over the Andaman Islands. In July, it provided air cover for a raid on Sabang. In August the squadron transferred to HMS Victorious but was disbanded into 1834 and 1836 Naval Air Squadrons in September. It was reformed in July 1945, at HMS Gannet, RNAS Eglinton, but was disbanded again in August at HMS Pintail, RNAS Nutts Corner.

RNAS Stretton
Royal Naval Air Station Stretton (RNAS Stretton, also known as HMS Blackcap), was an airfield situated in the village of Appleton Thorn, though named for the neighbouring village of Stretton, south of Warrington, in Cheshire, England. Although the main runway remains, the northerly part of the airfield is now HM Prison Thorn Cross, and an industrial estate. In the 1970s, the M56 motorway was built across the former air station.

The airfield was originally built in the Second World War for the RAF but when Luftwaffe tactics changed, it was surplus to requirements so command of the station was given to the Royal Navy in 1942. The airfield was used by the Royal Navy to ferry aircraft to aircraft carriers in the Irish Sea. Post war it was used as an aircraft maintenance, spares and disposal depot. After it was used by several RNAS squadrons in the 1950s, the air station was closed in November 1958.
Boron group
The boron group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, consisting of boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) and nihonium (Nh). This group lies in the p-block of the periodic table. The elements in the boron group are characterized by having three valence electrons. These elements have also been referred to as the triels.

Several group 13 elements have biological roles in the ecosystem. Boron is a trace element in humans and is essential for some plants. Lack of boron can lead to stunted plant growth, while an excess can also cause harm by inhibiting growth. Aluminium has neither a biological role nor significant toxicity and is considered safe. Indium and gallium can stimulate metabolism; gallium is credited with the ability to bind itself to iron proteins. Thallium is highly toxic, interfering with the function of numerous vital enzymes, and has seen use as a pesticide.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.
Anatoli Yatskov
Anatoly Antonovich Yatskov (Russian: Анатолий Антонович Яцков; 18 May [O.S. 31 May] 1913 – 26 March 1993), also known as Anatoli Yatzkov (alias in the U.S. Anatoly Yakovlev) – was a Soviet consul in New York as well as an NKVD foreign intelligence officer handling American agents and couriers linked to the U.S. Manhattan Project during WWII. His spy cover was eventually blown by the U.S. Army Venona Program which identified him as a key NKVD spymaster involved in the 1940s Atomic Spy Ring.

First Chief Directorate
The First Main Directorate (Russian: Пе́рвое гла́вное управле́ние, romanized: Pérvoye glávnoye upravléniye, IPA: [ˈpʲervəjə ˈɡɫavnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪje], lit. 'First Chief Directive') of the Committee for State Security under the USSR council of ministers (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence for the Soviet Union.

The First Chief Directorate was formed within the KGB directorate in 1954, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union became the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR RF).

The primary foreign intelligence service in Russia and the Soviet Union has been the GRU, a military intelligence organization and special operations force.
Lincoln Davis
Lincoln Edward Davis (born September 13, 1943) is an American politician and businessman who served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 4th congressional district from 2003 to 2011. Prior to his election to Congress, Davis served in the Tennessee General Assembly from 1980 to 2002. A member of the Democratic Party, he is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.

United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
The House Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies is a standing subcommittee within the House Appropriations Committee. The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Energy and Water Development.

The committee is chaired by Republican Chuck Fleischmann and its Ranking Member is Democrat Marcy Kaptur.
Steve Wilhite
Stephen Earl Wilhite (March 3, 1948 – March 14, 2022) was an American computer scientist who worked at CompuServe and was the engineering lead on the team that created the GIF image file format in 1987. GIF went on to become the de facto standard for 8-bit color images on the Internet until PNG (1996) became a widely supported alternative. The format later became the subject of a patent assertion by Unisys on its use of the LZW compression algorithm. Known as the inventor or creator of the GIF, Wilhite received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013.

CompuServe Information Manager
CompuServe Information Manager (CIM) was CompuServe Information Service's client software, used with the company's Host Micro Interface (HMI). The program provided a GUI front end to the text-based CompuServe service that was at the time accessed using a standard terminal program with alphanumerical shortcuts.
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
Kwangmyongsong-4 (Korean: 《광명성―4》호; lit. Lodestar-4) was a satellite launched by North Korea on 7 February 2016.

The launch happened after North Korea conducted a nuclear test on 6 January and as the United Nations Security Council was deciding on sanctions to be placed on the country following the nuclear test. The launch was also timed to celebrate the 74th birthday of the late leader Kim Jong Il on February 16.

January 2016 North Korean nuclear test
North Korea conducted its fourth nuclear detonation on 6 January 2016 at 10:00:01 UTC+08:30. At the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, approximately 50 kilometres (30 miles) northwest of Kilju City in Kilju County, an underground nuclear test was carried out. The United States Geological Survey reported a 5.1 magnitude earthquake from the location; the China Earthquake Networks Center reported the magnitude as 4.9.

North Korean media announced that the country had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb in "self-defence against US". However, third-party experts as well as officials and agencies in South Korea questioned North Korea's claims and contend that the device was more likely to have been a fission bomb such as a boosted fission weapon. Such weapons use hydrogen fusion to produce smaller, lighter warheads suitable for arming a delivery device such as a missile, rather than to attain the destructive power of a true hydrogen bomb.
Cian mac Máelmuaid
Cían mac Máelmuaid was a son of Máel Muad mac Brain, who was twice King of Munster. Cían's father had been killed by Brian Boru at the Battle of Belach Lechta. He was a member of Uí Echach Muman or Eóganacht Raithlind, and an "ancestor of the family of O'Mahony".

Cían became a close ally of Brian, and reputedly married his daughter Sadb, according to later traditions and the antiquarian John O'Mahony. Several sources suggest that Cian lived at Enniskean in County Cork, and that the village derives its name from him.

He had a son, Mathghamhain mac Cian who died at the Battle of Clontarf in 1014.

Eóganacht Raithlind
Eóganacht Raithlind or Uí Echach Muman are a branch of the Eóganachta, the ruling dynasty of Munster in southwest Ireland during the 5th-10th centuries. They took their name from Raithlinn or Raithleann described  around the area of Bandon, in the same area. Archaeologists believe that Garranes Ringfort in Templemartin parish, near Bandon, County Cork may have been Rath Raithleann, the royal seat of the Eóganacht Raithleann. They are descended from Mac Cass, the son of Conall Corc, the first King of Cashel, through Mac Cass' son Echu.