hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oenothera flava
Oenothera flava, the yellow evening primrose (a name it shares with Oenothera serrulata), is a species of flowering plant in the family Onagraceae. It is native to western Canada (except British Columbia), the western and central United States, and Mexico (except southeastern Mexico), and it has been introduced to the former Czechoslovakia. An almost stemless perennial reaching 20 cm (8 in), it is typically found in damp situations such as prairie swales, open woodlands, and alongside streams.

Oenothera serrulata
Oenothera serrulata is a species of flowering plant in the Onagraceae known by the common name yellow sundrops. Other common names include halfshrub sundrop, serrate-leaved evening primrose, shrubby evening primrose, plains yellow primrose, and halfleaf sundrop. It is native to central North America, including central Canada and the central United States.

This plant is a subshrub that branches and forms a bushy clump up to 46 centimetres (18 inches) tall. The toothed leaves are up to 8.9 centimetres (3.5 inches) long. The yellow flowers bloom between March and November and have four petals. They open in the morning and close in the afternoon. They fade orange or pink with age. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule. It grows in dry, open plains and prairies.

This drought- and heat-tolerant species grows in many types of substrate, including caliche, limestone, and gypsum. The leaves turn so that their edges face the sun, an adaptation to hot conditions.
Qatar v. Bahrain
Qatar v. Bahrain (Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain) is a case addressing the territorial ownership and maritime delimitations of the Hawar Islands, an archipelago of 17 islands, islets, and rocks situated off the coast of Qatar in the Gulf of Bahrain of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. It is the only territorial dispute between two Arab states that has been resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The case was resolved in 2001.

Gulf of Bahrain
The Gulf of Bahrain (Arabic: خليج البحرين, romanized: Khalīj al-Baḥrayn) is an inlet of the Persian Gulf on the east coast of Saudi Arabia, separated from the main body of water by the peninsula of Qatar. It surrounds the islands of Bahrain. The King Fahd Causeway crosses the western section of the Gulf of Bahrain, connecting Saudi Arabia to Bahrain.
Luke 6
Luke 6 is the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, traditionally attributed to Luke the Evangelist, a companion of Paul the Apostle on his missionary journeys. Jesus' teaching about the Sabbath enrages the religious authorities and deepens their conflict. The selection of twelve apostles is recounted and this is followed by the "Sermon on the Plain", where key aspects of Jesus' teaching are presented.

Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis ('Beza's Cambridge Book') is a bi-lingual Greek and Latin manuscript of the New Testament written in an uncial hand on parchment. It is designated by the siglum Dea or 05 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 5 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. It contains most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of 3 John. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it is currently dated to the 5th century.

Codex Bezae is renowned for having a distinctive text of the four Gospels and Acts, and is a leading member of the "Western" recension. The manuscript has been studied extensively.

A digital facsimile of the codex is available from Cambridge University Library, which holds the manuscript.
SS Augusta Victoria
Augusta Victoria, later Auguste Victoria, placed in service in 1889 and named for Empress Augusta Victoria, wife of German Emperor Wilhelm II, was the name ship of the Augusta Victoria series and the first of a new generation of luxury Hamburg America Line ocean liners. She was the first liner built in continental Europe with twin propellers and when first placed in service, the fastest liner in the Atlantic trade. In 1897, the ship was rebuilt and lengthened and in 1904 she was sold to the Imperial Russian Navy, which renamed her Kuban.

Norddeutscher Lloyd
Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL; lit. North German Lloyd) was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and Bremerhaven. On 1 September 1970, the company merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd.
Lie to Me (Denial)
"Lie to Me (Denial)" (written as "Denial (Lie to Me)" on Who We Are: The RED Anthology) is the fourth single by the American Christian rock band Red on their third full-length studio album Until We Have Faces. The song was written by Anthony Armstrong, Joe Rickard, Rob Graves, Jasen Rauch, and Mark Holman.

This song was responsible for putting Red into Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame as the first member for out-popularizing Skillet's "It's Not Me, It's You", Black Tide's "That Fire", Black Stone Cherry's "Blame It on the Boom Boom", Seether's "Tonight", and Nickelback's "Bottoms Up" in five "Cage Matches", a contest which songs earn votes over a period of a day.

Blame It on the Boom Boom
"Blame It on the Boom Boom" is the second single from American hard rock band Black Stone Cherry's third studio album, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea. It was released to radio in July 2011. The song featured in the 2011 film Abduction.

"This song never climbed the charts," noted singer Chris Robertson. "It was never a massive song. People post on our Facebook page, 'Please don't write another Blame It on the Boom Boom.' But every night, it's one of the crowd's favourites. Literally everybody at the show sings that chorus." What's the 'boom boom'? "It can be a variety of things, from something bad hangin' over you to a one-night stand."
NOAAS Ferrel
NOAAS Ferrel (S 492) was an American hydrographic survey ship that was in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 2002. Prior to her NOAA career, she was in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1968 to 1970 as USC&GS Ferrel (ASV 92).

Awards and decorations of the United States Department of Commerce
The awards and decorations of the United States Department of Commerce are civil awards and decorations which are presented to civilian and uniformed personnel of the U.S. Department of Commerce, and members of the American public, under the authority of the United States Secretary of Commerce. They include the Commerce Bronze Medal, Commerce Silver Medal, Commerce Gold Medal, President's "E" Award, and the Ron Brown Excellence in Innovation Award.

A further set of awards and decorations are authorized for use in the Department of Commerce's NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps ("NOAA Corps").
Monkeybicycle
Monkeybicycle is a literary journal with both print and Web versions. It was founded in 2002 in Seattle, Washington, by Steven Seighman. He was intent on publishing both well-known writers and those who might not have been heard of yet, but should be. He enlisted the help of writer Shya Scanlon and together ran both versions of the journal, as well as created a very successful monthly reading series in downtown Seattle.

In 2007, Monkeybicycle became an imprint of Dzanc Books.

Stephen Elliott (author)
Stephen Elliott (born December 3, 1971) is an American writer, editor, and filmmaker who has written and published seven books and directed two films. He is the founder and former Editor-in-Chief of the online literary magazine The Rumpus. In December 2014, he became senior editor at Epic Magazine.
Sanchuansaurus
Sanchuansaurus is an extinct genus of pareiasaur from the late Permian Sunjiagou Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, S. pygmaeus, known from a partial maxilla and left leg bones. A 2013 study suggested that both Sanchuansaurus and another Chinese pareiasaur, Huanghesaurus, were synonymous with Shansisaurus. However, this has not been followed in future research, with later papers considering Sanchuansaurus to be distinct, with Huanghesaurus and Shansisaurus possibly being synonymous with Shihtienfenia, another Chinese pareiasaur.

Pareiasauria
Pareiasaurs (meaning "cheek lizards") are an extinct clade of large, herbivorous parareptiles. Members of the group were armoured with osteoderms which covered large areas of the body. They first appeared in southern Pangea during the Middle Permian, before becoming globally distributed during the Late Permian. Pareiasaurs were the largest reptiles of the Permian, some reaching sizes over 1 tonne (2,200 lb), equivalent to the largest contemporary therapsids. Pareiasaurs became extinct in the end-Permian mass extinction event.
Hemidactylus mercatorius
The merchant gecko (Hemidactylus mercatorius) is a species of gecko. There has been confusion between it and  Hemidactylus mabouia, making it difficult to establish the ranges of the species. While the Reptile Database gives Hemidactylus mercatorius a wide distribution in eastern Africa, the IUCN restricts its native distribution to Madagascar and some other islands in the Indian Ocean (the Comoros, Seychelles, Mayotte).

Tropical house gecko
The tropical house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia), also called the cosmopolitan house gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is also found in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean, where it has been inadvertently introduced by humans.
Thomas N. Hart
Thomas Norton Hart (January 20, 1829 – October 4, 1927) was an American manufacturer,  businessman,  and politician from Massachusetts who served as mayor of Boston from 1889 to 1890 and from 1900 to 1902.

1893 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1893 saw the reelection of Nathan Matthews Jr. to a fourth consecutive term.

While the campaigning had been energetic ahead of the election it was noted that the election day itself was rather quiet in the city of Boston.
Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery
Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery  (Turkish: Şişli Rum Ortodoks Mezarlığı), also known as  Şişli Eastern Orthodox Cemetery, is a Christian cemetery in Istanbul,  Turkey. The burial ground is the final resting place of people professing the  Orthodox faith  in Istanbul.  The cemetery is located in Şişli district of Istanbul just across the Cevahir Mall.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.
1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 1992 World Junior Championships in Athletics was the fourth edition of the international athletics competition for athletes aged 19 years or under. It was held in Seoul, South Korea from September 16 to September 20, 1992.

World Athletics U20 Championships
The World Athletics U20 Championships is a biennial world championships for the sport of athletics organised by the World Athletics, contested by athletes in the under-20 athletics age category (19 years old or younger on 31 December in the year of the competition.

The competition was launched as the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics in 1986 and renamed to IAAF World U20 Championships in November 2015. The current name was adapted with the name change of the sports governing body in 2019.

Anneisha McLaughlin-Whilby is the most successful athlete at the championships, having won one gold and four silver in individual and relay sprinting events between 2000 and 2004. Chris Nelloms, Davidson Ezinwa and Dexter Lee share the position of most successful male athlete, at four medals each.
Gelora, Tanah Abang
Gelora is the southernmost administrative village in the Tanah Abang district of Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. It has postal code of 10270. The country's first centralized sports complex, the Gelora Bung Karno, and the headquarters of the first television network in Indonesia, TVRI, are located in this district.

Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Pusat, Betawi: Jakarté Bèlah Tengah), abbreviated as Jakpus, is one of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) and de facto Capital City of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It had 902,973 inhabitants according to the 2010 census and 1,056,896 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,103,357, comprising 553,471 males and 549,886 females. Central Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five administrative cities of Jakarta. It is both the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia. Central Jakarta contains several large international hotels and major landmarks such as Hotel Indonesia.
Grey atmosphere
The grey atmosphere (or gray) is a useful set of approximations made for radiative transfer applications in studies of stellar atmospheres (atmospheres of stars) based on the simplified notion that the absorption coefficient  of matter within a star's atmosphere is constant—that is, unchanging—for all frequencies of the star's incident radiation.

Source function
The source function is a characteristic of a stellar atmosphere, and in the case of no scattering of photons, describes the ratio of the emission coefficient to the absorption coefficient. It is a measure of how photons in a light beam are removed and replaced by new photons by the material it passes through. Its units in the cgs-system are erg s−1 cm−2 sr−1 Hz−1 and in SI are W m−2 sr−1 Hz−1 . The source function can be written

where  is the emission coefficient,  is the absorption coefficient (also known as the opacity). Putting this into the equation for radiative transfer we get

where s is the distance measured along the path traveled by the beam. The minus sign on the left hand side shows that the intensity decreases as the beam travels, due to the absorption of photons.
Leo Hershfield
Leo Hershfield (1904–1979) was a prominent American illustrator, cartoonist and courtroom artist for NBC News. NBC referred to him as the "Dean of Courtroom Artists" since he was the first modern artist to sketch trials for TV news in the 1950s and covered 147 trials for NBC until when he died in the late 1970s.

Courtroom sketch
A courtroom sketch is an artistic depiction of the proceedings in a court of law. In many jurisdictions, the use of cameras in courtrooms is generally prohibited in order to prevent distractions and preserve privacy. This requires news media to rely on sketch artists for illustrations of the proceedings.
20.3 cm K (E)
The 20.3 cm Kanone (E - Eisenbahnlafette (railroad mount)) was a German railroad gun used on coast-defense duties in Occupied France and Belgium during World War II. Eight guns were transferred from the Navy's stocks after having become redundant with the loss and sale of several Admiral Hipper-class heavy cruisers and were delivered in 1941 and 1942.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
Magnetic Prandtl number
The Magnetic Prandtl number (Prm) is a dimensionless quantity occurring in magnetohydrodynamics which approximates the ratio of momentum diffusivity (viscosity) and magnetic diffusivity.  It is defined as:

where:

Rem is the magnetic Reynolds number

Re is the Reynolds number

ν is the momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity)

η is the magnetic diffusivity

At the base of the Sun's convection zone the Magnetic Prandtl number is approximately 10−2, and in the interiors of planets and in liquid-metal laboratory dynamos is approximately 10−5.

Magnetohydrodynamics
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD; also called magneto-fluid dynamics or hydro­magnetics) is a model of electrically conducting fluids that treats all types of charged particles together as one continuous fluid. It is primarily concerned with the low-frequency, large-scale, magnetic behavior in plasmas and liquid metals and has applications in multiple fields including space physics, geophysics, astrophysics, and engineering.
Caesar's Camp, Rushmoor and Waverley
51°14′35″N 0°48′14″W﻿ / ﻿51.243°N 0.804°W﻿ / 51.243; -0.804

Caesar's Camp is an Iron Age hill fort straddling the border of the counties of Surrey and Hampshire in southern England. The fort straddles the borough of Waverley in Surrey and the borough of Rushmoor and the district of Hart, both in Hampshire. Caesar's Camp is a scheduled monument with a list entry identification number of 1007895. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the town of Farnham, and a similar distance west of Aldershot. The hillfort lies entirely within the Bourley and Long Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest. Caesar's Camp is a multivallate hillfort, a fort with multiple defensive rings, occupying an irregular promontory, with an entrance on the south side. The site has been much disturbed by military activity, especially at the southeast corner. The remains of the hillfort are considered to be of national importance.

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
1991 Czechoslovak Open – Doubles
The 1991 Skoda Czechoslovak Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the International Series of the 1991 ATP Tour.
Vojtěch Flégl and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners. Both players face esch other in the final, where Flégl (teaming up with Cyril Suk) defeated Vacek (teaming up with Libor Pimek), with a score of 6–4, 6–2.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Juan de Medrano
Juan de Medrano (b. 16th century, Ágreda, Soria) was a Moorish shoemaker from Ágreda, Soria, known in local folklore and historical accounts for an extraordinary miracle that took place on Corpus Christi day, 20 June 1527. His life became interwoven with legend and religious devotion following a miraculous event attributed to an image of Mary in Ágreda, previously known as the Virgin of Yanguas, which led to his genuine conversion to Christianity. From that moment on, the Virgin of Yanguas became known as the Virgin of Miracles (Virgen de los Milagros). The Virgin's intervention, as recorded in parish archives, solidified her reputation as the Virgin of Miracles.

Martín Juan de Castejón y Medrano
Martín Juan de Castejón y Medrano (b. Soria, November 20, 1604 - d. 17th century) was the fifth lord of Velamazán, Riotuerto, Los Olmillos, Strong House of Arias and La Serna, Gentleman of the Chamber of His Majesty, Perpetual Councilman of Soria and Almazán.
Chung Il-kwon
Chung Il-kwon (Korean: 정일권; November 21, 1917 – January 17, 1994) was a South Korean politician, diplomat, and soldier. A general in the Republic of Korea Army, he served as foreign minister 1963 to 1964, and prime minister from 1964 to 1970. He was an ally of President Park Chung Hee.

His art name was Chungsa (청사). He was also known by the Japanese pronunciation of his name: Tei Ikken.

Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)
The Democratic Republican Party (DRP; Korean: 민주공화당; RR: Minju gonghwadang) was a conservative, broadly corporatist and nationalist political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963 to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.
Carl Crawford
Carl Demonte Crawford (born August 5, 1981), nicknamed "the Perfect Storm", is an American former professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Rays, Boston Red Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers. He batted and threw left-handed.

Crawford is best known for his nine years with the Rays, during which he was considered one of the best baserunners in baseball. He led the American League in stolen bases and triples four times each while with Tampa Bay. After retiring from baseball in 2016, he founded the record label 1501 Certified Entertainment in 2016.

2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 77th playing of the midseason exhibition baseball game between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 11, 2006 at PNC Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the home of the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League. The contest was the fifth hosted by the city of Pittsburgh – tying the Cleveland Guardians for the record of most times hosted by a single franchise. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3–2, thus awarding the AL champion (which was eventually the Detroit Tigers) home-field advantage in the 2006 World Series.