hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:SD
ISO 3166-2:SD is the entry for Sudan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Sudan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 states.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is SD, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Sudan. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
China–Russia border
The Chinese–Russian border or the Sino-Russian border is the international border between China and Russia. After the final demarcation carried out in the early 2000s, it measures 4,209.3 kilometres (2,615.5 mi), and is the world's fifth-longest international border. According to the Russian border agency, as of October 1, 2013, there are more than 160 land border crossings between Russia and China, all of which are open 24 hours. There are crossing points established by the treaty including railway crossings, highway crossings, river crossing, and mostly ferry crossings.

1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement
The 1991 Sino–Soviet Border Agreement was a treaty signed between China and the Soviet Union. The treaty was witnessed by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev on May 16, 1991, during Jiang's official visit to the Soviet Union. It set up demarcation work to resolve most of the border disputes between the two states. Initially signed by China and the Soviet Union, the terms of the agreement were resumed by Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The treaty resulted in some minor territorial changes along the border.
Aurélio de Lira Tavares
Aurélio de Lira Tavares (7 November 1905 – 18 November 1998) was a general in the Brazilian Army. He was one of the military in the joint military board that ruled Brazil between the illness of Artur da Costa e Silva in August 1969 and the investiture ceremony of Emílio Garrastazu Médici in October of that same year.

During the government of the junta, the American ambassador to Brazil Charles Burke Elbrick was kidnapped by the communist guerrilla group Revolutionary Movement 8th October — radical opposition to the military dictatorship.

8th October Revolutionary Movement
8th October Revolutionary Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro, MR8) was a Marxist political organization that took part in armed struggle against the military dictatorship in Brazil. It was formed in 1964 among college students in the city of Niterói, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, originally being called Rio de Janeiro Dissidence (DI-RJ). It was later renamed in memory of the day in which Ernesto "Che" Guevara was captured in Bolivia, on 8 October 1967.

Today it takes part in popular political movements and publishes the newspaper Hora do Povo. It is also responsible for the Free Fatherland Party, founded in 2009 and integrated into the Communist Party of Brazil in 2019.
Mauro Galvão
Mauro Geraldo Galvão (born 19 December 1961) is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a defender. Galvão won the title of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A four times, playing for Internacional (1979), Grêmio (1996) and Vasco da Gama (1997 and 2000), along a span of 21 years; won the 1998 Copa Libertadores and lost the finals of the 1999 Intercontinental Cup and of the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship.

1989 Copa América
The 1989 Copa América football tournament was hosted by Brazil, from 1 to 16 July. All ten CONMEBOL member nations participated.

Brazil won their fourth Copa América, and first since 1949, by beating Uruguay 1–0 in the final match at the Estádio do Maracanã. This achievement ended a 19-year streak without official titles for the Brazilians. The last one had been in the 1970 World Cup. The final match between Brazil and Uruguay on Maracanã Stadium also marks exactly 39 years, on another 16 July since the FIFA World Cup 1950 Final.

Moreover, Brazil was victorious in the Copa América after a 40-year hiatus, and this achievement ended Brazil's 19-year streak without an official championship since the 1970 World Cup.

The top scorer was Brazilian Bebeto. He scored six times, including three in the final group stage.
Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.

Strategy of the Roman military
The strategy of the Roman military contains its grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals, a process of diplomacy backed by threat of military action, and a dedication to the military of part of its production and resources), operational strategy (the coordination and combination of the military forces and their tactics for the goals of an overarching strategy) and, on a small scale, its military tactics (methods for military engagement in order to defeat the enemy). If a fourth rung of "engagement" is added, then the whole can be seen as a ladder, with each level from the foot upwards representing a decreasing concentration on military engagement. Whereas the purest form of tactics or engagement are those free of political imperative, the purest form of political policy does not involve military engagement. Strategy as a whole is the connection between political policy and the use of force to achieve it.
Styrrup
Styrrup is a village in the civil parish of Styrrup with Oldcotes on the B6463 road in the Bassetlaw district, in the English county of Nottinghamshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2021 census was 731, an increase from the 685 of 2011. It is near the small town of Harworth. The village is surrounded by farmland and is approximately 1 mile from the A1 road intersection at Blyth. The housing consists primarily of modern properties constructed in the 1970s and numerous barn conversions arranged off the Main Street. The local pub, The White Swan, has been demolished and replaced by modern housing.

Bassetlaw District
Bassetlaw is a local government district in north Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Worksop; the other towns in the district are Retford, Tuxford and Harworth Bircotes. The district also contains numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

Bassetlaw is bounded to the south by the Newark and Sherwood and Mansfield districts, to the south-west by the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, to the north-west by the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham and the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, to the north by North Lincolnshire, and to the east by West Lindsey.

Bassetlaw has been a non-constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority since its estalishment in 2024.. Simultaneously, the district maintains an indirect relationship as a non-constituent member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Authority.
Tale of the Pipa
Tale of the Pipa (traditional Chinese: 琵琶記; simplified Chinese: 琵琶记; pinyin: Pípa jì; Wade–Giles: P'i-p'a chi "Tale of the Pipa" or "The Story of the Lute") is a Chinese nanxi play written by the playwright Gao Ming during the late Yuan dynasty. There are French, German, English translations of the play, and an English novelization-translation.

It was the most popular drama during the Ming dynasty, and it became a model for Ming drama as it was the favorite opera of the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang.

Howard Goldblatt
Howard Goldblatt (Chinese: 葛浩文, born 1939) is an American literary translator of numerous works of contemporary Chinese (mainland China & Taiwan) fiction, including The Taste of Apples by Huang Chunming and The Execution of Mayor Yin by Chen Ruoxi. Goldblatt also translated works of Chinese novelist and 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature winner Mo Yan, including six of Mo Yan's novels and collections of stories. He was a research professor of Chinese at the University of Notre Dame from 2002 to 2011.
Ostreola
Ostreola is a genus of fungi in the family Mytilinidiaceae.

Ostreola may also be used to refer to also a genus of oyster in the family Ostreidae; however, this name is unaccepted and Ostrea should be used instead.

Mytilinidiaceae
The Mytilinidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Mytilinidiales. Taxa in the family are widely distributed, particularly in temperate zones, and are usually saprobic on woody tissue, especially gymnosperms.
1950 Stanford Indians football team
The 1950 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1950 college football season. Stanford was led by sixth-year head coach Marchmont Schwartz.  The team were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.

Coming off the successful 1949 season in which a talented group of sophomores, led by quarterback Gary Kerkorian and end Bill McColl, had the Indians a game away from the Rose Bowl, Stanford was expected to have an excellent season and was ranked seventh in the first-ever preseason AP poll. But after starting 4–0, the team would only win one more game and tie twice, the second tie coming in the Big Game, in which the team rallied to tie undefeated and Rose Bowl-bound rival California. Coach Schwartz resigned following the season.

1950 California Golden Bears football team
The 1950 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the Golden Bears compiled a 9–1–1 record (5–0–1 in PCC, first), won a third consecutive PCC title, lost to Michigan in the Rose Bowl, was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll, and outscored its opponents 224 to 90. Home games were played on campus at California Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, California.

The star of this season was guard and linebacker Les Richter, who years later became the first Golden Bear to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

After California's third straight loss in the Rose Bowl in January 1951, the PCC invoked a "no-repeat" rule; affected teams were the 1954 UCLA Bruins and 1957 Oregon State Beavers.
Lester F. Larsen Tractor Museum
The Lester F. Larsen Tractor Test and Power Museum is a museum dedicated to preserving and documenting the history of Nebraska's tractor test law, operated by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. The Nebraska Tractor Test Law, passed in 1919 and administered by the university, requires performance testing on every tractor with forty horsepower or more sold in the state. The facility, initially established as the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, was renamed for longtime chief engineer Lester F. Larsen when it was converted into a museum in 1998. It is the only tractor testing museum and the only complete tractor test laboratory in the world.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Expo 2025 pavilions
Expo 2025 (Japanese: 2025年日本国際博覧会, Hepburn: Nisennijūgo-nen Nihon Kokusai Hakuran-kai) was a World Expo that was hosted in Osaka, Japan, from 13 April 2025 to 13 October 2025. There were a total of 188 Expo pavilions, out of which 152 represented participating countries, 13 were hosted by private sector participants, 8 were "Signature" pavilions, and 15 were hosted by various organizations and the Japanese government. In addition to Sou Fujimoto's Grand Ring, additional structures including the pavilions were designed by well known Japanese and international architects and designers such as Shigeru Ban, Atelier Brückner, Foster + Partners, Lina Ghotmeh, Manuel Herz, Kengo Kuma, Michele de Lucchi, Yuko Nagayama, Nendo, Yoichi Ochiai, Carlo Ratti, RAU Architects, and SANAA.

Expo 2025
Expo 2025 (2025年日本国際博覧会, Nisennijūgo-nen Nippon Kokusai Hakurankai; and officially 大阪・関西万博, Ōsaka–Kansai Banpaku for short) was a World Expo organized and sanctioned by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), which was held in Osaka, Japan. It was open for six months, from 13 April to 13 October 2025. This was the second time that Osaka Prefecture has hosted a World Expo, having previously hosted Expo 1970 in Suita. Expo 2025 marked the return to the traditional 5-year scheduling cycle after the 2020 edition in Dubai was delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total visitor count was 29,017,924 (paid attendance 25,578,986).
Philippe Aw
Philippe Aw Thiam Hor (born 1 January 1970) is a Singaporean football coach and former professional player who.

Aw mostly played as a winger and spent the majority of his professional career with Home United in the S.League.

2014 Prime League
The 2014 Prime League was the 17th season since the establishment of the Prime League, the reserve league of the top-tier S.League.

The league is also known as the Great Eastern YEO'S Prime League due to sponsorship reasons.

The season started on 1 March, and finished on 26 October.

Balestier Khalsa were the defending champions.
2018–19 Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders women's basketball team represented Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Islanders were led by seventh-year head coach Royce Chadwick, and played their home games at the American Bank Center and the Dugan Wellness Center, in Corpus Christi, Texas, as members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 17–16 overall, 8–10 in Southland play, to finish in a tie for sixth place. As the No. 6 seed in the Southland women's tournament, they defeated New Orleans in the first round, Nicholls in the quarterfinals, Stephen F. Austin in the semifinals, before losing a close game to No. 4 seed Abilene Christian, 68–69, in the championship game.

2018–19 Abilene Christian Wildcats women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Abilene Christian Wildcats women's basketball team represented Abilene Christian University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by seventh-year head coach Julie Goodenough, played their home games at the Moody Coliseum in Abilene, Texas as members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 23–10, 13–5 in Southland play, to finish in fourth place. They won the Southland women's tournament to earn an automatic to the NCAA women's tournament for the first time in school history. They lost in the first round to Baylor.
2014 Constellation Cup
The 2014 Constellation Cup was the 5th Constellation Cup series played between Australia and New Zealand. The series, also known as the New World Netball Series, featured four netball test matches, played in October 2014. The Australia team was coached by Lisa Alexander and captained by Laura Geitz. New Zealand were coached by Waimarama Taumaunu and captained by Casey Kopua. Australia won the series 4–0. It was the first time since the Constellation Cup was introduced that one team had gained a clean sweep in the series.

Constellation Cup
The Constellation Cup is an international netball competition contested by Australia and New Zealand. The competition features a series of test matches. The two teams have competed for the trophy since 2010. Australia won the inaugural series and have gone on to become the competition's dominant team.  Between 2013 and 2019, Australia won the series on seven successive occasions. New Zealand won the trophy for the first time in 2012 and for a second time in 2021.
Miss Grand Costa Rica
Miss Grand Costa Rica is a San José-based female national beauty pageant in Costa Rica, organized separately for in first time in 2022 by the Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Costa Rica (CNB Costa Rica), with Erick Solis as the president. The winner of the contest represents the country at its parent competition, the Miss Grand International pageant. Before 2022, the competition license belonged to different organizers, such as the Reinas de Costa Rica organization (2015 – 2017) and the Miss Costa Rica organization (2018 – 2021). Most of the country's representatives at the Miss Grand International pageant during such a period were appointed without organizing the respective pageant.

Since its first participation at Miss Grand International in 2014, Costa Rica has never won the contest but has a record of five placements, including the top 10 finalists in 2015 and 2021, and the top 20 finalists in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

Heredia Province
Heredia (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈɾeðja]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is in the north-central part of the country. As a result, the province covers areas as diverse as the agriculture-rich Northern plains to the more metropolitan areas such as the city of Heredia in the Central Valley. It contains several major environmentally important areas such as the Braulio Carrillo National Park and the Sarapiqui River. The capital is the city of Heredia.

To the north it borders Nicaragua, to the east is the province Limón, to the south the province San José, and to the west Alajuela.
POWER8
POWER8 is a family of superscalar multi-core microprocessors based on the Power ISA, announced in August 2013 at the Hot Chips conference. The designs are available for licensing under the OpenPOWER Foundation, which is the first time for such availability of IBM's highest-end processors.

Systems based on POWER8 became available from IBM in June 2014. Systems and POWER8 processor designs made by other OpenPOWER members were available in early 2015.

Static random-access memory
Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM is volatile memory; data is lost when power is removed.

The static qualifier differentiates SRAM from dynamic random-access memory (DRAM):

SRAM will hold its data permanently in the presence of power, while data in DRAM decays in seconds and thus must be periodically refreshed.

SRAM is faster than DRAM but it is more expensive in terms of silicon area and cost.

Typically, SRAM is used for the cache and internal registers of a CPU while DRAM is used for a computer's main memory.
Noreen Kershaw
Noreen Kershaw (born 16 October 1950) is an English television actress and director.

She trained at the Manchester Polytechnic School of Theatre and Liverpool's Everyman Theatre, originated the title role of the play Shirley Valentine,  later made famous by Pauline Collins. She was seen in the BBC television series Life on Mars, as WPC Phyllis Dobbs, the desk officer.

She had previously played the roles of Kathy Roach in Channel 4's Brookside 1988–1990, Lynne Harrison in Granada Television's Albion Market 1985–1986, and Joyce Wilson in the long-running Granada TV sitcom, Watching.

She has directed episodes of the top-rated ITV1 soap opera, Coronation Street, and Channel 4's comedy drama, Shameless, ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale and Heartbeat, and BBC Scotland"s River City.

In 2008, she directed the feature film Act of Grace.

In 2022, she was a director of the ITV police procedural drama Ridley.

Pauline Collins
Pauline Angela Collins (3 September 1940 – 5 November 2025) was a British actress who first rose to fame portraying Sarah Moffat in Upstairs, Downstairs (1971–1973) and its spin-off Thomas & Sarah (1979). In 1992, she published her autobiography, Letter to Louise.

Collins played the title role in the play Shirley Valentine for which she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress, and the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She reprised the role in the 1989 film adaptation of the play, winning a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, an Evening Standard British Film Award, and nominations for both an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for the Best Performance by an Actress - Motion Picture. Collins also starred in the television dramas  Forever Green (1989–1992) and The Ambassador (1998–1999). Her other film appearances include City of Joy (1992) and Paradise Road (1997).
1945 census of Newfoundland
The 1945 census of Newfoundland was the eleventh population census taken in Newfoundland and Labrador, and the last to take place prior to the 1948 Newfoundland referendums which resulted in it joining Canada in 1949. The census took place on October 1, 1945, and was fully published on December 1, 1949, seven months after its accession to Canada. Despite being carried out by the government of Newfoundland, tabulation and publication of the census was carried out by the Canadian Dominion Bureau of Statistics.

The total population count of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1945 was 321,819. This was an 11.1% increase over the 1935 census of 289,588. The next census that took place was in 1951, as part of Canada.

Newfoundland Commission of Government
The Commission of Government was a non-elected body that governed the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1934 to 1949.  Established following the collapse of Newfoundland's economy during the Great Depression, it was dissolved when the dominion became the tenth province of Canada on March 31, 1949. It was composed of civil servants who were directly subordinate to the British Government in London.
Lee Bennett Hopkins
Lee Bennett Hopkins (April 13, 1938 – August 8, 2019) was an American educator, poet, author, and anthologist. He was the author or editor of over 100 books for children, as well as a number of books and articles for adults.

Grolier
Grolier is one of the largest American publishers of general encyclopedias, including The Book of Knowledge (1910), The New Book of Knowledge (1966), The New Book of Popular Science (1972), Encyclopedia Americana (1945), Academic American Encyclopedia (1980), and numerous incarnations of a CD-ROM encyclopedia (1986–2003).

As an educational publishing company Grolier was known for its presence in school libraries and its in-home encyclopedia sales. It also had a strong presence among parents of children under six years old, the market for Grolier's direct mail-to-the-home business.

In June 2000, Grolier became part of Scholastic Corporation, which now maintains Scholastic GO, formerly Grolier Online. Since 2007, the Grolier imprint Orchard Books has published the Rainbow Magic and Beast Quest series in the United Kingdom.