hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Surbiton Trophy
The 2022 Surbiton Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass. It was the 17th edition for men and 18th for women, which were respectively part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Surbiton, United Kingdom between 30 May and 5 June 2022.

Surbiton Trophy
The Surbiton Trophy was a tennis tournament for male and female professional players played on grass courts. The event was held annually in Surbiton, England, from 1997 through 2008 as part of the ATP Challenger Series and ITF Women's Circuit. In 2009, it was replaced by the Aegon Trophy in Nottingham. In 2015, the event resumed on both the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Women's Circuit. It was the successor tournament to the Surrey Championships (1890–1981) also played at the same venue and location. The mixed event came to an end in 2024.

The tournament was not held in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but returned in 2022.

Jim Thomas is the doubles record holder with four titles, while Kristina Brandi is the singles record holder with three titles, including back to back wins.

As of 2023, Yanina Wickmayer became the first person to win both the singles and doubles titles in the same year.
Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)
Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district) is the biggest electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. This electoral district has a population of nearly 2 million and elects 6 members of parliament. In the  first legislative election (1980), this electoral district had 7 MPs, but from 1984 it has had 6.

Reza Rahmani
Reza Rahmani (Persian: ‌‌رضا رحمانی; born 1966) is an Iranian politician who currently serves as the governor general of West Azerbaijan Province since 2024. He was former Minister of Industry, Mines and Business.
Ibi (Egyptian noble)
The ancient Egyptian noble Ibi (sometime transliterated as Aba or Abe) was chief steward of the God's Wife of Amun, Nitocris I, during the reign of the 26th Dynasty pharaoh Psamtik I. He was married and had several children.

He was buried in a tomb of modest size, TT36, located in the El-Assasif district of the Theban Necropolis, opposite Luxor, in Egypt. It is quite atypical that both the outer and inner sarcophagi were human-shaped and made of stone. The lid of his inner sarcophagus, the only completely preserved part, is exhibited in the Museo Egizio of Turin, Italy.

Lid of the sarcophagus of Ibi. Museo Egizio, Turin.

Lid of the sarcophagus of Ibi

High steward (Ancient Egypt)
The high steward (also called chief steward or great overseer of the house; Egyptian: imi-r pr wr) was an important official at the royal court in Ancient Egypt in the Middle Kingdom and in the New Kingdom. He was the main person in charge of the estates supplying the palace and the royal residence with food.
The office appears in the 11th Dynasty. To the earliest title holders belong Henenu and Meketre. After the vizier and the treasurer this was the most important office at the royal court; important title holders of the 12th Dynasty were Siese and Khnumhotep III, both were later in their career appointed vizier.

The title was still very important in the New Kingdom and was in this period often called high steward of the king. An important title holder of the New Kingdom was Senenmut under Hatshepsut, other include Wadjetrenput  serving under the same queen.
Lady Hae
Lady Hae (Korean: 부인 해씨) was a Galsabuyeo royal family member as the granddaughter of its founder and sister of its last ruler. It was said that she had a beautiful looks and therefore was favoured by King Muhyul, then honoured as Secondary Consort Hae (차비 해씨; 次妃 解氏) and had a son with him, Prince Hodong who was his favourite son. In 68 AD, her brother, King Dodu's kingdom was surrendered King Taejo while he united Galsabuyeo with Goguryeo.

Taejo of Goguryeo
Taejo (claimed 47 – 165) was the sixth monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from AD 53 to 146. Under his reign, the young state expanded its territory and developed into a centrally ruled kingdom. His 93-year reign is thought to be the third longest of any monarch in the world, although his claim was disputed.
Tananger Church
Tananger Church (Norwegian: Tananger kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sola Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tananger. It is the church for the Tananger parish which is part of the Tungenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The large, brick church was built in a fan-shaped design in 2002 using designs by the architect Olav Urstad. The church seats about 400 people.

Sola, Norway
Sola is a municipality and a Seaside resort in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jæren. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Solakrossen. Other villages include Tananger, Hålandsmarka, Sørnes, and Stenebyen. Stavanger Airport is located in Sola, just a short distance from the large Stavanger/Sandnes metropolitan area.

The 69-square-kilometre (27 sq mi) municipality is the 342nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sola is the 41st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 28,315. The municipality's population density is 411.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,066/sq mi) and its population has increased by 15.2f% over the previous 10-year period.

In the western part of Sola, there are 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of long, sandy beaches facing the North Sea. The usually suitable wind and waves make the sandy beaches a popular place for windsurfing.
Merdekarya
Merdekarya is a live music bar in Section 5, Petaling Jaya near the city's old town district that was established in 2013. Located primarily on the first floor of a commercial shoplot in inner suburban Petaling Jaya, it is one of the few venues in Malaysia dedicated to independent music artistes.

Petaling Jaya
Petaling Jaya (Malaysian pronunciation: [pətaliŋ d͡ʒaja] ⓘ), colloquially referred to as "PJ", is a city in Petaling District, in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, it is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area. Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20 June 2006. It has an area of approximately 97.2 square kilometres (37.5 sq mi).

Petaling Jaya is surrounded by Kuala Lumpur to the east, Sungai Buloh to the north, Shah Alam, the capital of Selangor, and Subang Jaya to the west, and Bandar Kinrara (Puchong) to the south.
Asa Werden
Asa Werden (1779–1866) was a farmer, businessman and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Prince Edward in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1834 as a Conservative.

He was born in Stonington, Connecticut, the son of Dr. Isaac Werden. He married Elizabeth Ellsworth. Werden was involved in the manufacture of leather and the timber trade; he also speculated in land. He served in the militia during the War of 1812. In 1821, he was named a justice of the peace for the Midland District. His election in 1830 was declared invalid but he was reelected in a by-election held the following year. He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1835, losing to Charles Bochus. Werden died in Athol Township, Canada West.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Dhofar Mountains
The Dhofar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ظُفَار, romanized: Jibāl Ẓufār) are a mountain range in the southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. In a broad sense, they extend from Dhofar Governorate in Oman to Hadhramaut Governorate in Yemen, and are located between the Hajar in the northern part of Oman, and the Sarawat in the western part of Yemen. Otherwise, the range in the eastern part of Yemen, particularly near Mukalla, is referred to as the Hadhramaut or "Mahrat".

Hajar Mountains
The Hajar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains or The Stone Mountains) are one of the highest mountain ranges in the Arabian Peninsula, shared between northern Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates. Also known as "Oman Mountains", they separate the low coastal plain of Oman from the high desert plateau, and lie 50–100 km (31–62 miles) inland from the Gulf of Oman.
Garachi
The Garachi (Azerbaijani: Qaraçı; Kurdish: Qereçî) or the Karachi (Turkish: Karaçi) are a group of the Dom people living in Azerbaijan and Turkey. Little research has been done on the Garachi, and most of what is known about them is based on the works of the 19th-century Russian scholars Kerope Patkanov and Jean-Marie Chopin.

The term Garachi is sometimes used to describe the Domari-speaking people of northern Iran. The confusion is explained by the fact that both groups live in the regions populated mostly by Azeri-speakers who apply the word Garachi to medieval collective migrants from the Indian Subcontinent.

Dom people
The Dom (also called Domi; Arabic: دومي / ALA-LC: Dūmī, دومري / Dūmrī, Ḍom / ضوم or دوم, or sometimes also called Doms) are descendants of the Dom caste with origins in the Indian subcontinent, who through ancient migrations are found scattered across the Middle East and North Africa, the Eastern Anatolia region, Iraq, and Azerbaijan. The traditional language of the Dom is Domari, an endangered Indo-Aryan language, thereby making the Dom an Indo-Aryan ethnic group.

The Doms were formerly grouped with other traditionally itinerant ethnic groups originating from medieval India: the Rom and Lom peoples. However, these groups left India at different times and used different routes. The Domari language has a separate origin in India from Romani. Dom people do not identify themselves as Romanies.
Jusuf Gazibegović
Jusuf Gazibegović (pronounced [jǔsuf ɡazibêːgoʋitɕ]; born 11 March 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Austrian Bundesliga club Sturm Graz, on loan from 1. FC Köln. Born in Austria, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Gazibegović started his professional career at Red Bull Salzburg, who assigned him to Liefering in 2018. Two years later, he joined Sturm Graz. In 2025, he moved to 1. FC Köln, who loaned him back to Sturm Graz in 2026.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gazibegović made his senior international debut in 2021, earning over 20 caps since.

2022–23 Austrian Cup
The 2022–23 Austrian Cup was the 92nd edition of the national cup in Austrian football. The final was held on 1 May 2023 in Klagenfurt with Sturm Graz capturing its 6th title with a 2–0 win over SK Rapid Wien. Sturm earned a place in the 2023–24 Europa League play-off round.

Red Bull Salzburg were the defending champions, having defeated SV Ried in the 2022 final.

Match times up to 30 October 2022 and from 26 March 2023 were CEST (UTC+2). Times on interim ("winter") days were CET (UTC+1).
Mohammed El-Bakkar
Mohammed El-Bakkar (Arabic: محمد البكار; died in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States, September 8, 1959) was a Lebanese tenor, oud player, and conductor.

El-Bakkar was a noted tenor and appeared in several Arabic-language films, mostly in the Egyptian cinema. He appeared in Mahmoud Zulfikar’s My Father Deceived Me (1951). He moved to the United States in 1952 and lived in Brooklyn. He released several LPs of Arabic music in the United States. He also played a singing oriental rug salesman in the Broadway musical Fanny, in the Oriental bazaar scene; the production ran from 1954 to 1956.

El-Bakkar died of a cerebral hemorrhage on September 8, 1959, at the age of 46, after collapsing while performing at an annual Lebanese American festival in Lincoln, Rhode Island.

Lebanese Americans
Lebanese Americans (Arabic: أميركيون لبنانيون, romanized: Amrīkiyyūn Lubnāniyyūn) are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both native-born Americans and immigrants from Lebanon.

Lebanese Americans comprise 0.79% of the American population, as of the American Community Survey estimations for year 2007, and 32.4% of all Americans who originate from the Middle East. Lebanese Americans have had significant participation in American politics and involvement in both social and political activism.  The diversity within the region sprouted from the diaspora of the surrounding countries. There are more Lebanese outside Lebanon today than within.
Histone methylation
Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. Methylation events that weaken chemical attractions between histone tails and DNA increase transcription because they enable the DNA to uncoil from nucleosomes so that transcription factor proteins and RNA polymerase can access the DNA. This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes.

Histone H3
Histone H3 is one of the five main histones involved in the structure of chromatin in  eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal tail, H3 is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes of the 'beads on a string' structure. Histone proteins are highly post-translationally modified however Histone H3 is the most extensively modified of the five histones. The term "Histone H3" alone is purposely ambiguous in that it does not distinguish between sequence variants or modification state. Histone H3 is an important protein in the emerging field of epigenetics, where its sequence variants and variable modification states are thought to play a role in the dynamic and long term regulation of genes.
Solryggen
Solryggen ("The Sun Ridge") is a mountain ridge in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about five kilometers and contains peaks of heights 759 and 636 m.a.s.l. The mountain is located south in the ridge of Linnéfjella. The glacier of Solfonna is located between Solryggen and Aagaardtoppen.

Aagaardtoppen
Aagaardtoppen is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It reaches a height of 731 m.a.s.l. and is part of the mountain ridge of Linnéfjella. The mountain is named after Norwegian businessperson Andreas Zacharias Aagaard.
Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems
The Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems or Tremblay Commission was called for by the premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis in 1953.  The commission, chaired by Mr. Justice Thomas Tremblay, studied the problem of tax sharing between different levels of government and greater constitutional problems in Canada.

The commission held 97 public meetings throughout Quebec, received 217 briefs, launched several studies, and finally published a five-volume report in 1956. It proposed a maximum level of taxation be established, the provincial responsibility for unemployment benefits, and a shared personal and corporate tax scheme between the federal and provincial governments.

Constitutional debate in Canada
The Constitutional debate of Canada is an ongoing debate covering various political issues regarding the fundamental law of the country. The debate can be traced back to the Royal Proclamation, issued on October 7, 1763, following the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) wherein France ceded most of New France to Great Britain in favour of keeping Guadeloupe.

Since the enactment of the Constitution Act, 1867, which brought the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia together as Canada, the debate has focused on these issues:

The interpretation of the Constitution

The division of powers between the federal and provincial governments

The type of federalism to be applied within the federation

The way the constitution should be amended

The inclusion of specific civil rights in the constitution
Shizuoka 2nd district
Shizuoka 2nd district is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The district is located in Shizuoka Prefecture, and covers the cities of Shimada, Yaizu, Fujieda and Makinohara as well as the district of Haibara.
As of 2022, the district was home to 378,801 constituents.

Before 1996, the area had been part of the five-member Shizuoka 1st district. The first representative Shōgō Harada had represented the pre-reform 1st district since 1976. He was later succeeded by his son Yoshitsugu Harada.
The district is currently represented by Tatsunori Ibayashi of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Shimada, Shizuoka
Shimada (島田市, Shimada-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city covers an area of 315.7 square kilometres (121.9 sq mi). It had an estimated population in September 2023 of 93,724, giving a population density of about 300 persons per km2.
Gholam Reza Afkhami
Gholam Reza Afkhami (Persian: غلامرضا افخمی; 1936 – 26 August 2024) was an Iranian-American scholar, author, educator, and a Pahlavi Iran government official. He was the senior scholar and director of Social Science Research and International Studies at the Foundation for Iranian Studies. The Foundation for Iranian Studies is a Bethesda, Maryland-based research institution dedicated to the study of Iranian history, culture, economy and politics, created with the financial support from Princess Ashraf Pahlavi.

Ashraf Pahlavi
Ashraf ol-Molouk Pahlavi (Persian: اشرف‌الملوک پهلوی, Ašraf Pahlavi, 26 October 1919 – 7 January 2016) was the twin sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran (Persia), and a member of the Pahlavi dynasty. She was considered the "power behind her brother" and was instrumental in the 1953 countercoup that overthrew Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of the Shah. She served her brother as a palace adviser and was a strong advocate for women's rights. Following the Iranian revolution in 1979, she lived in exile in France, New York, Paris and Monte Carlo and remained outspoken against the Iranian Islamic Republic.
Andy Ogle
Andrew Richard Ogle (born 16 February 1989) is a retired English mixed martial artist, who formerly competed in the featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA competitor since 2009, Ogle has made a name for himself fighting for numerous promotions all over England. He was a competitor on FX's The Ultimate Fighter: Live.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
El Madania
El Madania (Arabic: المدنية) is a municipality in Algiers Province, Algeria. It is administratively part of Sidi M'Hamed district. Its municipal code is 1603 and postal code is 16075. It has a population of 51,404 as of the 1998 census, which gives it 15 seats in the PMA.

Algiers Province
Algiers Province (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر, romanized: Wilāyat al-Jazāʾir, pronounced [wilaːjat ald͡ʒazaːʔir]; French: wilaya d'Alger) is a province (wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, Algiers, which is also the national capital. It is the most populated province of Algeria, and also the smallest by area.

In 1984, Boumerdès Province and Tipaza Province were carved out of its territory.
International adoption of South Korean children
The international adoption of South Korean children started around 1953 as a measure to take care of the large number of mixed children that became orphaned during and after the Korean War. It quickly evolved to include orphaned Korean children. Religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations slowly developed the apparatus that sustained international adoption as a socially integrated system.

From the 1970s through the 2000s, thousands of children were adopted overseas every year. Over time, the South Korean government has sought to decrease international adoptions in favor of domestic adoptions. In 2023, seventy years after its start, South Korea still sent 79 children overseas, making it the longest-running international adoption program in the world.

Aging out
Aging out is American popular culture vernacular used to describe any time a youth leaves a formal system of care designed to provide services below a certain age level. The age at which a child “ages out” of foster care in the United States varies by state, and is usually between the ages of 18 and 21. Foster youth can choose to participate in extended foster care or not.

There are a variety of applications of the phrase throughout the youth development field. In respect to foster care, aging out is the process of a youth transitioning from the formal control of the foster care system towards independent living. It is used to describe anytime a foster youth leaves the varying factors of foster care, including home, school and financial systems. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services defines  "aging out"  as when a person  applies for lawful permanent resident (LPR) status as a child but turns 21 before being approved.
André Bellemère
André Bellemère (23 September 1927 – 2 June 2014) was a French mycologist and lichenologist whose research on the development and ultrastructure of ascomycete asci and ascomata influenced late 20th-century fungal systematics. A long-serving professor at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud, he combined teacher training with laboratory research and helped introduce routine electron microscopy into ascomycete taxonomy. He was also a leading figure in French lichenology as president of the Association française de lichénologie, compiler of extensive bibliographies of lichenological literature, and eponym of several genera and species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi.

Société mycologique de France
The Société mycologique de France (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete mikɔlɔʒik də fʁɑ̃s], Mycological Society of France), often known by the abbreviation SMF, is an association linking French and French-speaking mycologists.