hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewel Cave National Monument
Jewel Cave National Monument contains Jewel Cave, currently the fifth longest cave in the world and second longest cave in the United States, with 220.33 miles (354.59 km) of mapped passageways as of July 2025. It is located approximately 13 miles (21 km) west of the town of Custer in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

Jewel Cave became a national monument in 1908, becoming the first national monument established for the protection and preservation of a cave. In addition to its length, the cave is significant for being one of the best known examples of a breathing cave, in which changes in outside air pressure cause air to flow into and out of the cave. Jewel Cave is named for the calcite crystals that cover many of its walls.

Flowstone
Flowstones are sheetlike deposits of calcite or other carbonate minerals, formed where water flows down the walls or along the floors of a cave. They are typically found in "solution caves", in limestone, where they are the most common speleothem. However, they may form in any type of cave where water enters that has picked up dissolved minerals. Flowstones are formed via the degassing of vadose percolation waters.

Flowstone may also form on manmade structures as a result of calcium hydroxide being leached from  concrete, lime or mortar. These secondary deposits created outside the cave environment, which mimic the shapes and forms of speleothems, are classified as "calthemites" and are associated with concrete degradation.
Sonnet 24
Sonnet 24 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare, and is a part of the Fair Youth sequence.

In the sonnet, Shakespeare treats the commonplace Renaissance conceit connecting heart and eye. Although it relates to other sonnets that explore this theme, Sonnet 24 is considered largely imitative and conventional.

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Non-protein amino acid-accumulating clade
The non-protein amino acid-accumulating clade, also known as the Canavanine-accumulating clade is a clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionoideae) that includes the majority of agriculturally-cultivated legumes. It is characterized by the accumulation of the non-proteinogenic amino acid canavanine in the seeds—a deterrent against herbivory. This phylogenetic trait was first recognized in the early 1980s. This clade is consistently resolved in molecular phylogenies. It contains many economically important genera, including Cicer, Glycine, Medicago, Phaseolus, Trifolium, Vicia, and Vigna.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Al Imran
Al Imran (Arabic: آل عِمْرَانَ, āli ʿimrān; meaning: The Family of Imran) is the third chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with two hundred verses (āyāt). This chapter is named after the family of Imran (Joachim), which includes Imran, Saint Anne (wife of Imran), Mary, and Jesus.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the asbāb al-nuzūl or circumstances of revelation, the chapter is believed to have been either the second or third of the Medinan surahs, as it references both the events of the battles of Badr and Uhud. Almost all of it also belongs to the third Hijri year, though a minority of its verses might have been revealed during the visit of the deputation of the Christian community of Najran at the event of the mubahala, which occurred around the 10th year of the Hijrah.

Amram
In the Book of Exodus, Amram (/ˈæmræm/; Hebrew: עַמְרָם, Modern: ‘Amram, Tiberian: ʻAmrām, "Exalted people" / "The people are exalted") is the husband of Jochebed and father of Aaron, Moses and Miriam.
Matlock, Victoria
Matlock is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located about 140 kilometres north-east of Melbourne, located within the Shires of Mansfield and Yarra Ranges local government areas. Matlock recorded a population of 7 at the 2021 census.

The locality is named after the township that existed at two separate locations from the early 1860s to about the 1930s. The rural locality is along the Walhalla Road (between Marysville and Walhalla), about 140 kilometres north-east of Melbourne, high in the Victorian alpine region on the Great Dividing Range. The location of Matlock township from the early 1860s to 1873 is on a barren hilltop known as the Matlock Hill Historical Area, marked by a snow shelter at the roadside picnic area and the remnants of a cemetery. At 1,213 metres (3,979 feet) above sea-level at its first location Matlock was the highest township in Victoria.

Marysville, Victoria
Marysville is a town in the Shire of Murrindindi in Victoria, Australia, about 34 km (21 mi) north-east of Healesville and 41 km (25 mi) south of Alexandra. The town, which previously had a population of over 500 people, was devastated by the Murrindindi Mill bushfire on 7 February 2009.  On 19 February 2009 the official death toll was 45. Around 90% of the town's buildings were destroyed. Prior to the Black Saturday fire the population in 2006 was 519.  At the 2011 Census, the population had reduced to 226, by the 2016 census it had risen to 394. The population has increased to 501 people by the 2021 Census.
Jewish–Polish history (1989–present)
After the fall of Communism in Poland in 1989, Jewish cultural, social, and religious life has experienced a revival. Many historical issues related to the Holocaust and the period of Soviet domination (1945–1989) in the country – suppressed by Communist censorship – have been reevaluated and publicly discussed leading to better understanding and visible improvement in Polish–Jewish relations. In 1990, there were 3,800 Jews in Poland, 0.01% of Poland’s population, compared to 3,250,000 before 1939. The number had dropped to 3,200 in 2010.

Nożyk Synagogue
The Nożyk Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Nożyków) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 6 Twarda Street, in the Śródmieście district of Warsaw, in the Masovian Voivodeship  of Poland.

Designed by Karol Kozłowski in the Romanesque Revival and Rundbogenstil styles and completed in 1902, the synagogue is the only surviving prewar Jewish house of prayer in Warsaw. The synagogue was desecrated by Nazis during World War II, was restored after the war, and remains operational. The synagogue building also houses the Warsaw Jewish Commune, as well as other Jewish organizations.
Dulles–Jackson–Correa Report
The Dulles–Jackson–Correa Report (also known as Intelligence Survey Group (ISG) and the Dulles Report) was one of the most influential evaluations of the functioning of the United States Intelligence Community, and in particular, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The report focused primarily on the coordination and organization of the CIA and offered suggestions that refined the US intelligence effort in the early stages of the Cold War.

Director of Central Intelligence
The director of central intelligence (DCI) was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1946 to 2004, acting as the principal intelligence advisor to the president of the United States and the United States National Security Council, as well as the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies (collectively known as the United States Intelligence Community from 1981 onwards).

The office existed from January 1946 to December 17, 2004. After the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act it was replaced by the director of national intelligence (DNI) as head of the Intelligence Community and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) as head of the CIA.
Josselyn's Wife (1926 film)
Josselyn's Wife is a 1926 silent crime drama directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Pauline Frederick. It was produced and distributed by the Tiffany Pictures company. A previous film was released in 1919 as Josselyn's Wife.

This film is incomplete at BFI National Film and Television Archive in London.

Tiffany Pictures
Tiffany Pictures (known as Tiffany-Stahl Productions from 1927 to 1930) was an American film studio in Hollywood, in operation from 1921 until 1932. It is considered a Poverty Row studio, whose films had lower budgets, lesser-known stars, and lower production values than major studios.
KMFM Canterbury
KMFM Canterbury is an Independent Local Radio serving the City of Canterbury and the surrounding areas in Kent, South East England. It is the Canterbury region of the KMFM radio network (owned by the KM Group), containing local advertisements and sponsorships for the area amongst a countywide schedule of programming.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
Akash Vijayvargiya
Akash Vijayvargiya is an Indian politician of BJP from Indore, Madhya Pradesh. In 2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, Vijayvargiya defeated Indian National Congress veteran and 3 time MLA Ashwin Joshi by a margin of over 5700 votes to win his debut election. He is author of spiritual motivational book ‘Dev Se Mahadev’. This book was launched in presence of Baba Ramdev. He is the eldest son of Bharatiya Janata Party's National General Secretary Kailash Vijayvargiya.
Akash Vijayvargiya was awarded by "Daink Bhaskar Eminent award 2021" at Delhi for his extra ordinary efforts to help society during Covid Era. In 2023, was awarded again by central minister Ashwini Vaishnav for development work in his constituency.

Ashwin Joshi
Ashwin Joshi is an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. Joshi was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Indore-3 constituency in Indore district. He represented the constituency for three consecutive terms from 1998 to 2013. He is the nephew of veteran Congress leader Mahesh Joshi, who also represented Indore-3 (Vidhan Sabha constituency) from 1980 to 1990. He is well known for his poetic style speeches.
344 Desiderata
344 Desiderata is a very large main-belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material.

It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on 15 November 1892, in Nice.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Visual Entertainment Inc.
Visual Entertainment Inc. (VEI) is a home video/television distribution company that is based in Toronto, Ontario.  An independent label, it has released several well-known TV series on DVD, some through sub-licensing deals with other labels such as Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and CBS Home Entertainment.

In 2014, Phase 4 Films became VEI's new American distributor.

Phase 4 Films
Phase 4 Films, Inc. was a Canadian film distribution company headquartered in Toronto. It had two branches in the U.S.: Los Angeles, California and Fort Mill, South Carolina. Its subsidiary, Kaboom! Entertainment markets children's entertainment with companies such as Corus Entertainment.
Mariposa station (Los Angeles Metro)
Mariposa station is an elevated light rail station on the K Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located over Mariposa Avenue, after which the station is named, alongside Nash Street in El Segundo, California. It opened with the commencement of Green Line service on August 12, 1995. The station has been served by the K Line since a restructuring in November 2024.

The station was initially named Mariposa Ave/Nash St but was later simplified to Mariposa in 2003.

Mariposa is close to several sports venues: the Toyota Sports Performance Center (the practice facility for the Los Angeles Kings and Ontario Reign hockey teams), the UCLA Health Training Center (the practice facility for the Los Angeles Lakers and the venue for the South Bay Lakers), and the Campus El Segundo Athletic Fields.

The train platform, currently suitable for two-car trains, is planned to be lengthened by 2028 to accommodate longer three-car trains.

C Line (Los Angeles Metro)
The C Line (formerly the Green Line from 1995 to 2020) is a 17.8-mile (28.6 km) light rail line running between the Los Angeles neighborhood of Westchester and the city of Norwalk in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is one of six lines forming the Los Angeles Metro Rail system and opened on August 12, 1995. Along the route, the line also serves the cities of Downey, Hawthorne, and Lynwood, as well as several unincorporated communities in the South Los Angeles region including Athens, Del Aire, and Willowbrook.

For a majority of its route, the C Line runs within the median strip of Interstate 105. When built, its western segment was an elevated leg that diverted from the 105 to the southwest and terminated in Redondo Beach. In 2024 and 2025, the western end of the C Line was reconfigured, and is now routed northwards to LAX/Metro Transit Center.
Thespius
In Greek mythology, Thespius (/ˈθɛspiəs/; Ancient Greek: Θέσπιος Théspios) or Thestius (/ˈθɛstʃəs, ˈθɛstiəs/; Ancient Greek: Θέστιος) was a legendary founder and king of Thespiae, Boeotia. His life account is considered part of Greek mythology.

Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)
The Bibliotheca (Ancient Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη, romanized: Bibliothēkē, lit. 'Library') is a compendium of Greek myths and heroic legends, genealogical tables and histories arranged in three books, generally dated to the first or second century AD. The work is commonly described as having been written by Apollodorus (or sometimes Pseudo-Apollodorus), a result of its false attribution to the 2nd-century BC scholar Apollodorus of Athens.
2016 Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2016 Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships was the 52nd edition of the annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA), which serves as the Spanish national indoor championship for the sport. A total of 26 events (divided evenly between the sexes) were contested over two days on 5 and 6 March at the Centro Deportivo Municipal Gallur in Madrid, Community of Madrid.

Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
The Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships (Spanish: Campeonato de España de Atletismo en pista cubierta) is an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA), which serves as the Spanish national championship for the sport. Typically held over two days in February during the Spanish winter, it was first added to the national calendar in 1965, supplementing the main outdoor Spanish Athletics Championships held in the summer since 1917. It celebrated its 50th edition in 2014.
2017 Meeting de Paris
The 2017 Meeting de Paris was the 33rd edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Paris, France. Held on 1 July at Stade Sébastien Charléty, it was the seventh leg of the 2017 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Meeting de Paris
Meeting de Paris (formerly known as the Meeting Areva and Meeting Gaz de France) is an annual track and field meeting at the Stade Sébastien Charléty in Paris, France. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League. It was first organized in 1999. The record attendance was set on 1 July 2005, with a total of 70,253 spectators.
Sobiechy
Sobiechy [sɔˈbjɛxɨ] (German: Sobiechen, from 1938-45 Salpen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Budry, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Budry, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Węgorzewo, and 104 km (65 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Sobiechy was established by Polish people in 1562.

Budry
Budry [ˈbudrɨ] is a village in Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Budry. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.
2015–16 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team
The 2015–16 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team represented Kent State University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, their 100th season of play. The Golden Flashes, led by fifth year head coach Rob Senderoff, played their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, also known as the MAC Center, as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 19–13, 10–8 in MAC play to finish in a tie for third place in the East Division. They lost in the first round of the MAC tournament to Bowling Green. Despite having 19 wins, they did not participate in a postseason tournament.

2016 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2016 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the post-season men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2015–16 college basketball season. Tournament first-round games were held on campus sites at the higher seed on March 7. The remaining rounds were held at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland between March 10–12. Buffalo won the tournament and received the conference's automatic bid into the 2016 NCAA tournament where they lost to Miami (FL) in the first round.
Arno Marsh
Arno Marsh (May 28, 1928 – July 12, 2019) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.

Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, Marsh played early on in local dance bands, then played in Woody Herman's ensemble from 1951 to 1953, where he soloed frequently on Herman's Mars Records releases. He led a band in a Grand Rapids residency from 1953 to 1955, then rejoined Herman intermittently through 1958. He also recorded with Stan Kenton, Charlie Barnet, Lionel Hampton, Buddy Rich, and Harry James. After the late 1950s, most of Marsh's activity was in Las Vegas leading hotel orchestras; he accompanied Nancy Wilson on record with one of them in 1968, and did a Woody Herman tribute in 1974. His son, Randy Marsh, is a jazz drummer who performed for years with pianist Eddie Russ, a pupil of Art Tatum.

Marsh died at the age of 91 in July 2019.

Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. He worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich, to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.

Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. In 1984, he signed a letter protesting German arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
Thomas Umfraville
Sir Thomas Umfraville (c1362-1391) was an English landowner, soldier, administrator, diplomat, and politician who sat in the Parliament of England as member for Northumberland in 1388 and 1390 and also served as High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1388.

High Sheriff of Northumberland
This is a list of the high sheriffs of the English county of Northumberland.
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The High Sheriff changes every March.
KD Air
KD Air Corporation was an airline based in Qualicum Beach, British Columbia, Canada, offering both scheduled and charter service. The airline ceased operations in 2019 and according to Transport Canada the airline currently has no aircraft and no air operator's certificate.

Piper PA-31 Navajo
The Piper PA-31 Navajo is a family of twin-engined low-wing tricycle gear utility aircraft designed and built by Piper Aircraft for small cargo and feeder airlines, and as a corporate aircraft. Production ran from 1967 to 1984. It was license-built in a number of Latin American countries.
Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (Italian: Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori) is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-century Italian painter and architect Giorgio Vasari, which is considered "perhaps the most famous, and even today the most-read work of the older literature of art", "some of the Italian Renaissance's most influential writing on art", and "the first important book on art history".

Vasari published The Lives in two editions with substantial differences between them; the first edition, two volumes, in 1550 and the second, three volumes, in 1568 (which is the one usually translated and referred to). One important change was the increased attention paid to Venetian art in the second edition, even though Vasari still was, and has ever since been, criticised for an excessive emphasis on the art of his native Florence.

Davide Ghirlandaio
Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525), also known as David Ghirlandaio and as Davide Bigordi, was an Italian painter and mosaicist, active in his native Florence.

His brothers Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497) and Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494) were both painters, as was his nephew Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561).
Davide was an assistant to, and then a partner of, his brother, the leading painter Domenico.  After Domenico's death, Davide took over the studio and trained Domenico's son Ridolfo. He was active in the mosaic decoration of the Orvieto Cathedral.