hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 5539
NGC 5539 is a large lenticular galaxy in the Boötes constellation. It is located 857 million light-years away and was discovered by John Herschel on 24th April, 1830. According to Herschel, he found it quite large and irregular. NGC 5539 is about 273,000 light-years in diameter, meaning it is much larger compared to the Milky Way and its neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy. It is the brightest cluster galaxy in Abell 1890.

It is said NGC 5539 can be classified as a high surface brightness galaxy with a surface brightness value of 11.40 mag/am2.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument (bronchoscope) is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for abnormalities such as foreign bodies, bleeding, tumors, or inflammation. Specimens may be taken from inside the lungs. The construction of bronchoscopes ranges from rigid metal tubes with attached lighting devices to flexible optical fiber instruments with realtime video equipment.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
Lower Dir District
Lower Dir District (Pashto: ښکته دير ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع دیر زیریں) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Timergara is the district's headquarters and largest city. The Lower Dir district was formed in 1996, when Dir District was divided into Upper Dir and Lower Dir districts. On 22 January 2023, both Lower Dir and Upper Dir districts were further bifurcated to create a new Central Dir District.

Lower Dir district borders with Swat District to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Upper Dir to the north and Malakand and Bajaur District to the south.

Bajaur District
Bajaur District (Pashto: باجوړ ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع باجوڑ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.
Eat Out to Help Out
Eat Out to Help Out was a British government scheme to support and create jobs in the hospitality industry to counter the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The scheme involved the government subsidising food and non-alcoholic drinks at participating cafes, pubs, and restaurants at 50%, up to £10 per person (per order). The offer, announced in July 2020, was available during the month of August 2020, from Monday to Wednesday each week.

In total, the scheme subsidised £849 million across 160 million meals. Some consider the scheme to be a success in boosting the hospitality industry, while others disagree. A 2021 study found that the scheme did not live up to its intended purpose; instead, it contributed to a rise in COVID-19 infections .

Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
The economic impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the United Kingdom has been largely disruptive. It has adversely affected travel, financial markets, employment, a number of industries, and shipping.
Japanese Big Four
The Japanese Big Four are the large motorcycle manufacturing companies of Japan:

Honda, which produces motorcycles since 1946

Suzuki, which produces motorcycles since 1952

Kawasaki, which produces motorcycles since 1954

Yamaha, which produces motorcycles since 1955

Kawasaki Motors
Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. (カワサキモータース株式会社, Kawasaki Mōtāsu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the Kawasaki Aerospace Company (川策重工業汎用機カンパニー) and later the Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine Company (川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー). In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
Coscu
Martín Pérez Disalvo (born 3 August 1991), better known as Coscu, is an Argentine Twitch streamer, gamer, internet celebrity and singer.

He is the founder and leader of the Coscu Army, a Spanish-speaking community of esports players and streamers from Argentina. He is also the creator and presenter of the Coscu Army Awards, which is responsible for awarding the most outstanding Twitch users in Argentina during the year and which in 2020 was the most watched broadcast in Latin America and among the ten most watched in the platform's history. Also, in 2021, it premiered the Coscu Army Got Talent event, which is based on awarding the best talent in the contest.

As of May 2023, he has more than 3.7 million followers on Twitch; on YouTube, he has more than 4.6 million subscribers and more than 1.2 billion views.

Ibai Llanos
Ibai Llanos Garatea (Spanish: [iˈβaj ˈʎanos ɡaɾaˈtea], born 26 March 1995), better known mononymously as Ibai, is a Spanish internet celebrity, streamer, and esports commentator. He was a content creator for G2 Esports from 2020 to 2021. He is the co-founder of the esports organisation KOI.

On the live streaming platform Twitch, Ibai operates the second most-followed channel according to analytics company Social Blade. On YouTube, he has more than 15 million subscribers on his main channel and a total of over five billion views. In 2021, Forbes Spain named him the most influential social media influencer in Spain.
Ranchers Bees F.C.
Ranchers Bees F.C. is a Nigerian football club based in Kaduna. Owned by a Member House of Representative representing Kaduna North Constituency in person of Hon. Muhammad Bello El-Rufai and a Real Sociedad striker in person of Umar Sadiq. Their home stadium is Ranchers Bees Stadium, a.k.a. Kaduna Township Stadium.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Elbe-Elster II
Elbe-Elster II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Brandenburg. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 37. It is located in within the district of Elbe-Elster.

Elbe-Elster
Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Teltow-Fläming, Dahme-Spreewald, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Meißen,
Nordsachsen and Wittenberg. The district has a partnership with the Märkischer Kreis.
Bahamas at the 2023 Pan American Games
The Bahamas is scheduled to compete at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile from October 20 to November 5, 2023. This will be The Bahamas's 18th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the Games since the second edition in 1955.

The Bahamian delegation consisted of 20 athletes competing in six sports. Swimmers Lamar Taylor and Zaylie-Elizabeth Thompson were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, sailor Joshua Higgins was the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

The Bahamas won three medals at the games, one silver and two bronze, to finish in a tie for 25th in the medal table (along with Haiti and Guyana).

Guyana at the 2023 Pan American Games
Guyana is scheduled to compete at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile from October 20 to November 5, 2023. This will be Guyana's 17th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the games since the third edition in 1959.

On October 14, a final team of 19 athletes competing in eight sports was announced by the Guyana Olympic Association.[a] Boxer Desmond Amsterdam and badminton athlete Priyanna Ramdhani were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, javelin thrower Leslain Baird was the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.
Lead Upturn 2007: B.W.R
Lead Upturn 2007 ~B.W.R~ is the fourth concert DVD by the Japanese hip-hop group Lead, released on December 12, 2007. It charted at #34 on the Oricon charts for one week.

The tour held music from their studio albums Life On Da Beat, Brand New Era, Lead! Heat! Beat! and 4, along with new material that would never garner an official release.

Summer Madness (Lead song)
"Summer Madness" is the eleventh single by Japanese hip-hop group Lead, released on June 21, 2006, two weeks before their fourth studio album, 4. It failed to break the top ten on Oricon, but charted in the top twenty, taking the weekly ranking of #17, where it remained on the charts for five weeks.

The single contained two B-sides, "Boku ga Tsuki ni Inoru Yoru" and "One", the latter of which became popular enough to be placed on their first compilation album Lead Tracks: Listener's Choice.
1982 Australian Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tournament at the 1982 Australian Open was held from 29 November through 13 December 1982 on the outdoor grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia. John Alexander and John Fitzgerald won the title, defeating Andy Andrews and John Sadri in the final.

1982 Australian Open
The 1982 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 71st edition of the Australian Open and was held from Monday 29 November through Monday 13 December 1982.
Roman–Parthian War of 194–198
The Roman–Parthian War of 194–198 involved the Roman armies' success over the Parthians for supremacy over the nearby Kingdom of Armenia. After this defeat the Parthians were first defeated by the Roman armies of Severus's son, Caracalla (215–217), and then replaced in 224 by the Sassanid dynasty.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Kapp Bessels
Kapp Bessels is a headland at Barentsøya, Svalbard. It is located at the northeastern coast of the island, and east of the glacier of Besselsbreen. The headland is named after German Arctic explorer Emil Bessels.

Barentsøya
Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.
African design
African design encompasses many forms of expression and refers to the forms of design from the continent of Africa and the African diaspora including urban design, architectural design, interior design, product design, art, and fashion design. Africa's many diverse countries are sources of vibrant design with African design influences visible in historical and contemporary art and culture around the world. The study of African design is still limited, particularly from the viewpoint of Africans, and the opportunity to expand its current definition by exploring African visual representations and introducing contemporary design applications remains immense.

Before Yesterday We Could Fly
Before Yesterday We Could Fly: An Afrofuturist Period Room is an art exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The exhibit, which opened on November 5, 2021, uses a period room format of installation to envision the past, present, and future home of someone who lived in Seneca Village, a largely African American settlement which was destroyed to make way for the construction of Central Park in the mid-1800s.
Zoological Museum of Naples
The Zoological Museum of Naples, located in Naples, south Italy, was founded by Gioacchino Murat in 1811. The first curator was Luigi Petagna. The founding collections were those of the Royal Bourbon Museum and the private collection of Giuseppe Saverio Poli.

Later curators were: Giosuè Sangiovanni, Achille Costa (from 1860), Francesco Saverio Monticelli (from 1900). the museum was badly damaged in the Second World War but with Mario Salfi as Curator, it was restored between 1948 and 1970.

The museum is part of the University of Naples Federico II as Centro Musei delle Scienze Naturali. See PDF Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

National Archaeological Museum, Naples
The National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italian: Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, abbr. MANN) is an important Italian archaeological museum. Its collection includes works from Greek, Roman and Renaissance times, and especially Roman artifacts from the nearby Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum sites. From 1816 to 1861, it was known as the Royal Bourbon Museum (Italian: Real Museo Borbonico).
Peter Mack (academic)
Peter William David Mack FBA (16 April 1955 – 5 October 2023) was a British academic who was director of The Warburg Institute from 2010 to 2015. He succeeded Charles Hope and was succeeded by David Freedberg. He was a specialist in the history of rhetoric and was formerly professor of English at the University of Warwick.

Mack died in a traffic collision in France, on 5 October 2023, at the age of 68.

David Freedberg
David Freedberg is Pierre Matisse Professor of the History of Art and Director of the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University. He was also Director of the Warburg Institute at the University of London from July 2015 to April 2017.
Storglaciären
Storglaciären (Swedish for The Great Glacier) is a glacier in Tarfala Valley in the Scandinavian Mountains of Kiruna Municipality, Sweden. The glacier is classified as polythermal having both cold and warm bottom temperatures. It was on Storglaciären that the first glacier mass balance research program began (immediately after World War II), which continues to the present day; this is the longest continuous study of its type in the world. Storglaciären has had a cumulative negative mass balance of -17 m between 1946 and 2006. The program began monitoring the Rabots Glaciär in 1982, Riukojietna in 1985, and Mårmaglaciären in 1988. All three of these glaciers have had a strong negative mass balance since monitoring began.

For the purpose of studying Storglaciären and nearby glaciers, Stockholm University operates the Tarfala research station in the Kebnekaise region of northern Sweden.

Kiruna Municipality
Kiruna Municipality (Swedish: Kiruna kommun; Northern Sami: Giron gielda; Meänkieli: Kierunan kunta; Finnish: Kiirunan kunta) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northernmost Sweden. Its seat is located in Kiruna. It is the northernmost municipality in Sweden, and at 20,715 square kilometres (7,998 sq mi) is Sweden's geographically largest covering roughly 4.604% of its total area. Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami have the official status of being minority languages in the municipality.
Deerpark, New York
Deerpark is a town in the western part of Orange County, New York, United States. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 Census, the population was at 7,509. As of the 2010 census, the center of population of New York state is located in Cuddebackville, a hamlet in Deerpark.

Neversink River
The Neversink River (also called Neversink Creek in its upper course) is a 55-mile-long (89 km) tributary of the Delaware River in southeastern New York in the United States. The name of the river comes from the name of the indigenous Lenape Navesink people.

The Neversink River is considered by many to be the birthplace of American dry fly fishing.
Tamsin O'Connell
Tamsin O'Connell is an archaeological scientist based at the University of Cambridge. Her work has pioneered the use of isotope analysis in archaeology, specifically diet and climate in human and animal tissues.

Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art
The Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art (RLAHA) is a laboratory at the University of Oxford, England which develops and applies scientific methods to the study of the past. It was established in 1955 and its first director was Teddy Hall. The first deputy director was Dr Stuart Young, who was followed by Martin Aitken in 1957. After many years of de facto association with the Institute of Archaeology, in 2000 it was jointly brought under the single departmental umbrella of School of Archaeology.

The laboratory includes the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), which carries out radiocarbon dating using an accelerator mass spectrometer. The Laboratory publishes the journal Archaeometry, and hosts a chair named for its first director, Edward Hall Professorship in Archaeological Science, and a seminar series named for Martin Aitkin.

The Laboratory is currently directed by Professor Mark Pollard.
Gallium nitrate
Gallium nitrate (brand name Ganite) is the gallium salt of nitric acid with the chemical formula Ga(NO3)3. It is a drug used to treat symptomatic hypercalcemia secondary to cancer. It works by preventing the breakdown of bone through the inhibition of osteoclast activity, thus lowering the amount of free calcium in the blood. Gallium nitrate is also used to synthesize other gallium compounds.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
French destroyer Typhon
Typhon was a Bourrasque-class destroyer (torpilleur d'escadre) built for the French Navy during the 1920s.

After France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 during World War II, Typhon served with the navy of Vichy France.

Bourrasque-class destroyer
The Bourrasque class was a group of twelve French Navy destroyers (torpilleur) laid down in 1923 and in service from 1926 to 1950. Along with the heavier Chacal class, they were part of a plan to modernise the French fleet after the First World War.  The Bourrasques were smaller and slower than the Chacals, but were nonetheless comparable with the British W class. The class saw varied service in the Second World War, in five different navies, on both sides. These ships were named after types of wind.

The design was used as the basis for the two Wicher-class destroyers built for the Polish Navy during the late 1920s.
Arizona Wildcats
The Arizona Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent the University of Arizona, located in Tucson. The Wildcats compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for college football) level as a member of the Big 12 Conference. Arizona's chief intercollegiate rival is the Arizona State Sun Devils, and the two universities' athletic departments compete against each other in multiple sports via the State Farm Territorial Cup Series.

NCAA Division I women's golf championship
The NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship, played in the month of May, is the annual competition in women's collegiate golf for individuals and teams from universities in Division I. Golf was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year. From its inception through 2014, it was a stroke play team competition with an additional individual award. Beginning in 2015, after 72 holes of stroke play, the top eight teams play in single-elimination match play to determine the team champion.

Many individual winners have gone on to have successful careers on the LPGA Tour, including 1991 champion Annika Sörenstam and 1999 champion Grace Park.

The Division I competition started in 1982. A combined Division II and Division III championship was held from 1996 to 1999, splitting into separate championships starting in 2000.
Diphasium
Diphasium is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into Lycopodium, others include it in Diphasiastrum. Diphasium species are mostly native to the temperate southern hemisphere, but extend northwards into Central America and the Caribbean.

Lycopodiaceae
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 17 accepted genera and about 500 known species. This family originated about 380 million years ago in the early Devonian, though the diversity within the family has been much more recent. "Wolf foot" is another common name for this family due to the resemblance of either the roots or branch tips to a wolf's paw.