hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parhana Mau railway station
Parhana Mau railway station is a railway station on Indore–Gwalior line under the Bhopal railway division of West Central Railway zone. This is situated beside National Highway 52 at Chatru Khedi in Rajgarh district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Bhopal railway division
Bhopal railway division is one of the three railway divisions falling under West Central Railway zone (WCR) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarters are located at Rani Kamalapati railway station, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh of India.

Jabalpur railway division and Kota railway division being the other two. West Central Railway zone's headquarters are at Jabalpur.
Ukrainian speculative fiction
Science fiction, fantasy and horror are literary subgenres of speculative fiction (a.k.a. "fantastyka") found in Ukrainian literature and media, written in Ukraine or by Ukrainian writers in both Ukrainian, Russian, Crimean Tatar, & some other languages. The most influential classic writer of Ukrainian science fiction is Oles Berdnyk.

Russian speculative fiction
Elements of fantastical or supernatural fiction have been part of mainstream Russian literature since the 18th century. Russian fantasy developed from the centuries-old traditions of Slavic mythology and folklore. Russian science fiction emerged in the mid-19th century and rose to its prominence during the Soviet era, both in cinema and literature, with writers like the Strugatsky brothers, Kir Bulychov, and Mikhail Bulgakov, among others. Soviet filmmakers  produced a number science fiction and fantasy films. Outside modern Russian borders, there are a significant number of Russophone writers and filmmakers from Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, who have made a notable contribution to the genres.
John Kitchen (musician)
John Philip Kitchen MBE (born 27 October 1950) is a Scottish organist, harpsichordist, pianist, conductor, early music scholar, and music educator based in Edinburgh. He serves as the Edinburgh City Organist. Kitchen is known for his extensive recording portfolio of organ music, and his research and demonstration of historical keyboard instruments. He made major contributions to the discography and scholarship on the organ works of William Russell, and Johann Ludwig Krebs.

Harpsichordist
A harpsichordist is a person who plays the harpsichord. Harpsichordists may play as soloists, as accompanists, as chamber musicians, or as members of an orchestra, or some combination of these roles. Solo harpsichordists may play unaccompanied sonatas for harpsichord or concertos accompanied by orchestra. Accompanist harpsichordists might accompany singers or instrumentalists (e.g., a violinist or Baroque flute player), either playing works written for a voice (or an instrument) and harpsichord or an orchestral reduction of the orchestra parts. Chamber musician harpsichordists could play in small groups of instrumentalists, such as a quartet or quintet. Baroque-style orchestras and opera pit orchestras typically have a harpsichordist to play the chords in the basso continuo part.
Features new to Windows 7
Some of the new features included in Windows 7 are advancements in touch, speech and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, support for additional file formats, improved performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance, and kernel improvements.

Windows domain
A Windows domain is a form of a computer network in which all user accounts, computers, printers and other security principals, are registered with a central database located on one or more clusters of central computers known as domain controllers. Authentication takes place on domain controllers. Each person who uses computers within a domain receives a unique user account that can then be assigned access to resources within the domain. Starting with Windows Server 2000, Active Directory is the Windows component in charge of maintaining that central database. The concept of Windows domain is in contrast with that of a workgroup in which each computer maintains its own database of security principals.
Kenneth Pomeranz
Kenneth Pomeranz, FBA (born November 4, 1958) is University Professor of History at the University of Chicago. He received his B.A. from Cornell University in 1980, where he was a Telluride Scholar, and his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1988, where he was a student of Jonathan Spence. He then taught at the University of California, Irvine, for more than 20 years. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2006. In 2013–2014 he was the president of the American Historical Association. Pomeranz has been described as a major figure in the California School of economic history.

Jonathan D. Spence
Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was a British-American historian, sinologist, and author specialised in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published over a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West. Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China", and how such efforts were frustrated.
Turners Cross (stadium)
Turners Cross, also known as Turners Cross Stadium and officially as Munster FA Turners Cross Stadium from January 2026, is an all-seater football stadium located in and synonymous with the district of Turners Cross in Cork, Ireland. It is owned by the Munster Football Association (MFA), and is used by the MFA and by League of Ireland side Cork City.

It was the first all-seated, all-covered stadium in Ireland following redevelopment in 2009, and it is currently one out of only three, the others being the Aviva Stadium and Tallaght Stadium.

Football Association of Ireland
The Football Association of Ireland (FAI; Irish: Cumann Peile na hÉireann) is the governing body for association football in Ireland.

Founded in 1921, the organisation was admitted into FIFA as the Football Association of the Irish Free State (FAIFS) in 1923. The FAI readopted their original name in 1936.
Tigran Sargsyan
Tigran Sureni Sargsyan (Armenian: Տիգրան Սուրենի Սարգսյան; born 29 January 1960) is an Armenian political figure who was Prime Minister of Armenia from 2008 to 2014. Previously he was Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia from 1998 to 2008. After leaving office as prime minister, he served as ambassador to the United States from 2014 to 2016 and as chairman of the board of the Eurasian Economic Commission from 2016 to 2020.

Armenian dram
The Armenian dram (Armenian: դրամ; sign: ֏; abbreviation: դր.; ISO code: AMD) is the currency of Armenia. It was historically subdivided into 100 luma (լումա). The Central Bank of Armenia is responsible for issuance and circulation of dram banknotes and coins, as well as implementing the monetary policy of Armenia.

The word dram means "money" and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham, as well as the English weight unit dram.
16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF
The 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF was a unit of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force.  It was organized at Valcartier on 2 September 1914 and was composed of recruits from the 91st Regiment Canadian Highlanders, the 79th Cameron Highlanders of Canada, the 72nd Regiment "Seaforth Highlanders of Canada", and the 50th Regiment "Highlanders".

Cyrus Wesley Peck
Cyrus Wesley Peck VC, DSO & Bar (26 April 1871 – 27 September 1956) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Peck was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Metcalf, Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984)
The Tulsa Oilers were a professional ice hockey team. The Oilers played 20 seasons in the Central Hockey League (CHL), originally called the Central Professional Hockey League (CPHL) until 1968, from 1964 to 1984, capturing the Adams Cup three times. Based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the team played their home games at the Tulsa Assembly Center until the 1983–84 season when they moved to Expo Square Pavilion. The team was also locally referred to as the "Ice Oilers" to differentiate from the Tulsa Oilers minor league baseball team.

Tulsa Oilers (baseball)
The Tulsa Oilers, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, were a minor league baseball team that existed on-and-off in multiple leagues from 1905 to 1976. For most of their history, they played at Oiler Park, which opened on July 11, 1934, and was located on the Tulsa County Fairgrounds at 15th Street and Sandusky Avenue.
Hasan Pasha Han, Diyarbakır
The Hasan Pasha Han (Turkish: Hasan Paşa Hanı) is a historic building and former caravanserai in Diyarbakır, Turkey. It is located near the center of the Sur district (the old walled city), across from the Great Mosque of Diyarbakır. It was built in the 16th century during the Ottoman period of the city. Along with the nearby Delliler Han to the south, it is one of the best preserved Ottoman caravanserais in eastern Turkey. Today the building hosts cafés and shops.

Iwan
An iwan (Persian: ایوان, eyvān, also romanized as ivan or ivān/īvān, Arabic: إيوان, ’īwān) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called pishtaq, a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. Since the definition allows for some interpretation, the overall forms and characteristics can vary greatly in terms of scale, material, or decoration.

Iwans are most commonly associated with Islamic architecture; however, the form is pre-Islamic Iranian in origin and was invented much earlier and fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian period.
Tyllus
In Greek mythology, Tyllus is an Autochthon of Lydia. He was the father of Halie, who married Cotys, an early king of Lydia (perhaps one of the Maeoniae). Tyllus is attested by only one author: Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in his Roman Antiquities. However, the same family tree of the early Kings of Lydia can be in Herodotus and Xanthus.

The term autochthon is an Ancient Greek word which translates as someone that "sprung from the earth itself". It refers to the indigenous people of a region or area. This means that Tyllus is a native of Lydia (modern day Western Turkey) of the late 2nd millennium BC.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Lohnweiler
Lohnweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.
Ramprasadrai Rural Municipality
Ramprasad Rai (Nepali: रामप्रसादराई) is one of seven rural municipalities of Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. Of the nine municipalities in Bhojpur District, two are urban and seven are rural.

The municipality is situated in south-west area of the district. The municipality got its name after Ram Prasad Rai who was a democratic warrior.

Ramprasadrai has an area of 158.83 square kilometres (61.32 sq mi) and total population of the municipality is 18894 as of Census of Nepal 2011. The municipality is divided into eight wards.

Okhre, Dhodalekhani, Bhulke, Dalgaun, Manebhanjyang, Baikunthe and Basikhola were Incorporated when this new local level body was forming. This new local level body was formed on 10 March 2017, fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

Baikunthe
Baikunthe Nepali: बैकुण्ठे is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the 1991 census, it had a population of 3,167 persons in 575 individual households.
1969 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1969 World Cup took place 2–5 October at Singapore Island Country Club in Singapore. It was the 17th World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 45 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The American team of Orville Moody and Lee Trevino won by eight strokes over the Japan team of Takaaki Kono and Haruo Yasuda. This was the tenth victory for the United States in the history of the World Cup, until 1967 named the Canada Cup. The individual competition was won by Trevino one stroke ahead of Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentina.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant is a hydroelectric power plant near Skradinski Buk waterfall on the Krka River in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It is located within the Krka National Park.

Built in 1895, the Krka–Šibenik system was one of the first complete polyphase alternating current system of electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption. It was used to power street lighting, private homes, flour and oil mills, a pasta factory, theaters, cafes, and hotels. The system is recognized as one of the IEEE Milestones.

The 1903 successor to the initial plant, known as Jaruga 2, is one of the world's oldest power-generating facilities still in operation. The small hydroelectric plant's current capacity is 7.3 MW, generating an average of 35 GWh annually.

Volt
The volt (symbol: V), named after Alessandro Volta, is the unit of measurement of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI).
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) is a diagnostic approach that detects sperm abnormality with a large extent of DNA fragmentation. First described by Evenson in 1980, the assay is a flow cytometric test that detects the vulnerability of sperm DNA to acid-induced denaturation DNA in situ. SCSA measures sperm DNA fragmentation attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic factors and reports the degree of fragmentation in terms of DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). The use of SCSA expands from evaluation of male infertility and subfertility, toxicology studies and evaluation of quality of laboratory semen samples. Notably, SCSA outcompetes other convention sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) assays such as TUNEL and COMET in terms of efficiency, objectivity, and repeatability.

Protamine
Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation via genomic DNA compaction and stabilization. They may allow for denser packaging of DNA in the spermatozoon than histones, but they must be decompressed before the genetic data can be used for protein synthesis. However, part of the sperm's genome is packaged by histones (10-15% in humans and other primates) thought to bind genes that are essential for early embryonic development.

Protamine and protamine-like (PL) proteins are collectively known as the sperm-specific nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs). The PL proteins are intermediate in structure between protamine and Histone H1. The C-terminal domain of PL could be the precursor of vertebrate protamine.
Russian destroyer Tserigo
Tserigo (Цериго) was one of eight Fidonisy-class destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. She was never completed and was towed to Odessa and Sevastopol after the anti-Bolshevik White evacuation of her shipyard in early 1920. After the White movement abandoned Crimea later that year, the unfinished destroyer was towed to Istanbul and then French North Africa with Wrangel's fleet. After France recognized the Soviet Union in 1924, she was intended to be transferred to Soviet control, but the agreement was never implemented. The destroyer was instead scrapped in place by 1934.

Fidonisy-class destroyer
The Fidonisy class, also known as the Kerch class, were a group of eight destroyers built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. They participated in World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II.
The Strange Logic of Random Graphs
The Strange Logic of Random Graphs is a book on zero-one laws for random graphs. It was written by Joel Spencer and published in 2001 by Springer-Verlag as volume 22 of their book series Algorithms and Combinatorics.

Random graph
In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs.  Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory. From a mathematical perspective, random graphs are used to answer questions about the properties of typical graphs. Its practical applications are found in all areas in which complex networks need to be modeled – many random graph models are thus known, mirroring the diverse types of complex networks encountered in different areas. In a mathematical context, random graph refers almost exclusively to the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. In other contexts, any graph model may be referred to as a random graph.
Puzeh Sefid
Puzeh Sefid (Persian: پوزه سفيد, also Romanized as Pūzeh Sefīd; also known as Bard Espīd, Mālek-e Ashtar, and Pūzeh Bardā Sepīd) is a village in Kakan Rural District, in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 12 families.

Kakan Rural District
Kakan Rural District (Persian: دهستان كاكان) is in the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mansurkhani. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Abbas Ali Khani.
Black Canadians in Montreal
Black Canadians, numbering 198,610, make up 11.3% of Montreal's population, as of 2021, and are the largest visible minority group in the city. The majority of Black Canadians are of Caribbean and of continental African origin, though the population also includes  African American immigrants and their descendants (including Black Nova Scotians)

Union United Church
The Union United Church of Montreal is Montreal, Quebec, Canada's oldest black congregation. It was founded in 1907 by several members of Montreal's black community who experienced racial conflict and were banned from entering all-white churches. Union was started with a treasury of just $1.83. The church has gone on to have a long and rich history, and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007. It is just one of the many churches that are part of the United Church of Canada. It is believed to be the only church affiliated with the United Church of Canada, however, that worships in the historically black tradition and has a predominantly black congregation.
South Sudanese wars of independence
The South Sudanese wars of independence was the armed struggle for autonomy or independence of South Sudan from Sudan. Rebels in southern Sudan fought for greater self-determination against the central government of Sudan, which tried to suppress the uprising using the army and allied militias. The first civil war lasted from 1955 to 1972, and the second civil war from 1983 to 2005. The reasons for the conflict were the large ethnic, cultural, and religious differences between southern and northern Sudan, the economic exploitation of the natural resources of the south by the north, and the lack of political participation of the Southern Sudanese both in their region and in the country as a whole.

Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (Arabic: جبال النوبة), also referred to as the Nuba Hills, are an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. They are not the same as the Nubians who are indigenous to north Sudan. Rather their name is derived from the name of the mountains, “Nuba”. In Antiquity, the area was a part of the Kingdom of Kush. In the Middle Ages, the Nuba mountains had been part of the Nubian kingdom of Alodia. In the 18th century, they became home to the kingdom of Taqali that controlled the hills of the mountains until their defeat by Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad. After the British defeated the Mahdi army, Taqali was restored as a client state. Infiltration of the Messiria tribe and Muraheleen of Baggara Arabs has been influential in modern conflicts. Up to 1.5 million people live in the mountains, mostly ethnic Nuba, with a small minority of Baggara.