hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbocyclic nucleoside
Carbocyclic nucleosides (also referred to as carbanucleosides) are nucleoside analogues in which a methylene group has replaced the oxygen atom of the furanose ring.
These analogues have the nucleobase attached at a simple alkyl carbon rather than being part of a hemiaminal ether linkage. As a result, they have increased chemical stability. They also have increased metabolic stability because they are unaffected by phosphorylases and hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bond between the nucleobase and furanose ring of nucleosides. They retain many of the biological properties of the original nucleosides with respect to recognition by various enzymes and receptors.

Carbocyclic nucleosides were originally limited to a five-membered ring system, matching the ring-size of the nucleosides; however, this term has been broadened to three-, four-, and six-membered rings.

Nucleoside
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. In a nucleoside, the anomeric carbon is linked through a glycosidic bond to the N9 of a purine or the N1 of a pyrimidine.  Nucleotides are the molecular building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Domleschg
Domleschg is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.  On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.

Rietberg Castle
Rietberg Castle is a castle in the municipality of Pratval of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.  It was the site of the murder of Pompeius Planta in 1621 by Jörg Jenatsch during the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants known as the Bündner Wirren.
Operation Payback
Operation Payback was a coordinated, decentralized group of attacks on high-profile opponents of Internet piracy by Internet activists using the "Anonymous" moniker. Operation Payback started as retaliation to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on torrent sites; piracy proponents then decided to launch DDoS attacks on piracy opponents. The initial reaction snowballed into a wave of attacks on major pro-copyright and anti-piracy organizations, law firms, and individuals. The Motion Picture Association of America, the Pirate Party UK and United States Pirate Party criticised the attacks.

Following the United States diplomatic cables leak in December 2010, the organizers commenced DDoS attacks on websites of banks who had withdrawn banking facilities from WikiLeaks.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
Gmina Pogorzela
Gmina Pogorzela is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pogorzela, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of Gostyń and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 96.47 square kilometres (37.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,157 (out of which the population of Pogorzela amounts to 1,974, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,183).

Gostyń County
Gostyń County (Polish: powiat gostyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gostyń, which lies 59 kilometres (37 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains four other towns: Krobia, 11 km (7 mi) south of Gostyń, Poniec, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Gostyń, Borek Wielkopolski, 17 km (11 mi) east of Gostyń, and Pogorzela, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Gostyń.

The county covers an area of 810.34 square kilometres (312.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 75,683, out of which the population of Gostyń is 20,588, that of Krobia is 4,022, that of Poniec is 2,875, that of Borek Wielkopolski is 2,486, that of Pogorzela is 1,974, and the rural population is 43,738.
Lundensian theology
Lundensian theology refers to the younger school of Lutheran theology and Luther research in Lund University. Its representatives were Anders Nygren, Gustaf Aulén and Ragnar Bring. Significant works of the Lundensian school have been Christus Victor and Agape and Eros.

Theology of Martin Luther
The theology of Martin Luther was instrumental in influencing the Protestant Reformation, specifically topics dealing with justification by faith, the relationship between the Law and Gospel (also an instrumental component of Reformed theology), and various other theological ideas. Although Luther never wrote a systematic theology or a "summa" in the style of St. Thomas Aquinas, many of his ideas were systematized in the Lutheran Confessions.
Lid tectonics
Lid tectonics, commonly thought of as stagnant lid tectonics or single lid tectonics, is the type of tectonics that is believed to exist on several silicate planets and moons in the Solar System, and possibly existed on Earth during the very early part of its history.  The lid is the equivalent of the lithosphere, formed of solid silicate minerals. The relative stability and immobility of the strong cooler lids leads to stagnant lid tectonics, which has greatly reduced amounts of horizontal tectonics compared with plate tectonics (which can also be described as mobile lid tectonics).

The presence of a stagnant lid above a convecting mantle was recognised as a possible stable regime for convection on early Earth, in contrast to the well-attested mobile plate tectonics of the current eon. The transition to plate tectonics may have occurred 3.2–2.3 billion years ago during the Archean epoch.

Mantle (geology)
A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density.  All terrestrial planets (including Earth), half of the giant planets, specifically ice giants, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.
Sproose
Sproose was a consumer search engine launched in August 2007 by founder Bob Pack. Sproose provided web search results from partners including MSN, Yahoo! and Ask.com. Sproose intended to have better-quality results than algorithmic search engines because its users were able to influence the ranking order of the search results by voting for websites (which moved them up in the order of search results) and deleting bad or spam results. It had been compared to Digg and Mahalo.com, among other social search websites.

The domain sproose.com is now owned by a British artist.

Mahalo.com
Mahalo.com was a web directory (or human search engine) and Internet-based knowledge exchange (Question-and-answer website) launched in May 2007 by Jason Calacanis. It differentiated itself from algorithmic search engines like Google and Ask.com, as well as other directory sites like DMOZ and Yahoo! by tracking and building hand-crafted result sets for many of the currently popular search terms.

In 2014, Calacanis announced that Mahalo would enter server sunset as he moved his focus towards an app called Inside. He was quoted by TechCrunch saying "it makes 7 figures so we’re not shutting it off but we are not investing in it". Mahalo's website has since shut down.
Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton
Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton is a civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, and is 18 miles (29 km) north-west from the city and county town of Hereford. The parish borders Powys in Wales at its north-west. Within the parish is the final home and studio of the 20th-century Australian artist Sydney Nolan.

Titley, Herefordshire
Titley is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England.  It lies on the B4355 between Kington and Presteigne.

In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 167, increasing to 261 at the 2011 Census.

The name, recorded in the Domesday Book as Titelege, is Old English and apparently means "woodland clearing of a man called Titta".
Restoring Courage tour
Restoring Courage was a campaign announced in May 2011 by media personality Glenn Beck featuring a media event that took place in Jerusalem, on August 24, 2011, "to stand with the Jewish people". While announcing the rally, he expressed a belief that a two-state solution would "[cut] off Jerusalem, the Old City, to the rest of the world". Beck said security arrangements and logistics would pose a challenge: "The very gates of hell will open up against us." Beck's Mercury Radio Arts sponsored three rallies or observances associated with Restoring Courage, including a rally attended by hundreds of supporters on August 24 at the Southern Wall of the Temple Mount.

Blaze Media
Blaze Media is an American conservative media company owned by Mercury Radio Arts, a multimedia production company owned by conservative radio talk host Glenn Beck. It was founded in 2018 as a result of a merger between TheBlaze and CRTV LLC. The company's leadership consists of CEO Tyler Cardon and president Gaston Mooney. It is based in Irving, Texas, where it has studios and offices, as well as in Washington, D.C.

TheBlaze was a pay television network founded by Glenn Beck. Originally, it was called Glenn Beck TV, created after Beck's departure from Fox News Channel in 2011. In 2012, the network took the name of Beck's popular website, TheBlaze. From 2014 to 2017, the company had four different CEOs, followed by Beck himself. Months after Beck took the position, the company laid off over a fourth of its staff. CRTV LLC, which operated the Conservative Review and CRTV (Conservative Review Television), was an online subscription network.
Googong
Googong is a town located within the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council government area, south of the Queanbeyan Central Business District (CBD).

The Googong area incorporates the township of Googong, and the developed areas of Fernleigh Park, Little Burra and Mount Campbell Estate. It borders Jerrabomberra and Karabar to the north and Environa to the west. It is about 10 kilometres south of the Queanbeyan central business district. Its citizens tend to use the infrastructure of the neighboring city of Canberra, about 15 kilometres to the north-west.

Environa, New South Wales
Environa is a suburb and locality of Queanbeyan, located in the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council, in New South Wales, Australia, west of Jerrabomberra Creek and nearby the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory border. The development was described as a planned community, but it did not come to fruition. However, Environa has since been allocated as part of the South Jerrabomerra development of Queanbeyan for proposed development, including the proposed developments of Tralee and Poplars.
Lookout Mountain (Washington)
Lookout Mountain is a 5,699-foot (1,737 m) summit in the North Cascades, in Skagit County of Washington state. It is located five miles (8.0 km) east-northeast of the town of Marblemount, and set on land administered by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Teebone Ridge, two miles (3.2 km) to the east-northeast. At the top of Lookout Mountain is a historic US Forest Service lookout station that was built in 1962, which replaced a 1929 structure. Views from the top include Sauk Mountain to the west, with Eldorado Peak and the Picket Range in North Cascades National Park to the east and north respectively. The peak is just one mile outside the park boundary. Access is via a 4.7-mile (7.6 km) trail which gains over 4,400 feet (1,341 m) of elevation. Precipitation runoff from Lookout Mountain drains into tributaries of the Skagit River.

Skagit River
The Skagit River (/ˈskædʒɪt/ SKAJ-it) is a river in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington in the United States, approximately 150 mi (240 km) long. The river and its tributaries drain an area of 1.7 million acres (690,000 hectares) of the Cascade Range along the northern end of Puget Sound and flows into the sound.

The Skagit watershed is characterized by a temperate, mid-latitude, maritime climate. Temperatures range widely throughout the watershed. Recorded temperatures at Newhalem range from a low of −6 °F (−21 °C) to a high of 109 °F (43 °C), with greater extremes likely in the mountains. The highest temperatures are commonly recorded in July; the lowest are in January.
DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets LBC
DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 is a UK company law case where, on the basis that a company should be compensated for loss of its business under a compulsory acquisition order, a group was recognised as a single economic entity. It stands as a liberal example of when UK courts may lift the veil of incorporation of a company.

The decision was, however, doubted in Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council and qualified in Adams v Cape Industries plc.

Harold Holdsworth & Co (Wakefield) Ltd v Caddies
Harold Holdsworth & Co (Wakefield) Ltd v Caddies [1955] 1 WLR 352 is a UK company law case, concerning the proper interpretation of a company's articles. It held that someone with the title of "managing director" has no special powers, unless the articles say them expressly.
The Forks, Winnipeg
The Forks (French: La Fourche; Cree: ᓂᐢᑕᐚᔮᐤ, nistawâyâw, often rendered as "Nestawaya") is a historic site, meeting place, and green space in downtown Winnipeg located at the confluence of the Red River and the Assiniboine River.

The Forks was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1974 due to its status as a cultural landscape that had borne witness to six thousand years of human activity. The site's 5.5-hectare (14-acre; 0.021 sq mi) grounds are open year-round.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Vladimir Pavlov (politician, born 1976)
Vladimir Victorovich Pavlov (Russian: Владимир Викторович Павлов; born 1 June 1976 in Chelyabinsk) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

In 1998, he started working at large industrial enterprises. He also was the assistant to the deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast. From 2011 to 2012, Pavlov was the Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources of the Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 2017, he was appointed docent of the Higher School of Economics. From 2020 to 2021, he was the deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast of the 7th convocation. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast
The Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian: Законодательное собрание Челябинской области, romanized: Zakonodatel'noe sobranie Chelyabinskoy oblasti) is the regional parliament of Chelyabinsk Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 60 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
2022 Auburn Tigers football team
The 2022 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University as a member of the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers were led by second-year head coach Bryan Harsin until his firing on October 31. Later that day, former Auburn running backs coach Cadillac Williams was appointed interim head coach for the remainder of the season. Auburn compiled an overall record of 5–7 with a mark of 2–6 in conference play, tying for fifth placed in the SEC Western Division. The team played home games at Jordan–Hare Stadium in Auburn, Alabama.

The Tigers finished with their worst record since 2012, their first time failing to qualify for a bowl game since that same year, and their first time finishing with consecutive losing records since 1998 and 1999.

Auburn, Alabama
Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama. The population was 76,143 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area. The Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA with a 2020 population of 193,773, along with the Columbus, GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee, Alabama, comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL CSA, a region home to 563,967 residents as of 2020.

Auburn is a historic college town and home to Auburn University, the highest academically ranked university in the state. It is Alabama's fastest-growing metropolitan area and the 19th-fastest-growing metro area in the United States as measured since 1990. U.S. News ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in the United States for the year 2009. The city's unofficial nickname is "The Loveliest Village on the Plains", taken from a line in the poem The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith: "Sweet Auburn! Loveliest village of the plain..."
Ministerial reform in the Russian Empire
Ministerial Reform was one of the reforms of public administration of the Russian Empire, carried out at the beginning of the 19th century under Emperor Alexander I. The first stage of the reform occurred in 1802–1803, the second stage was carried out in 1810–1811. As a result of the reform, the ministries replaced the archaic collegiums.

Mikhail Speransky
Count Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Спера́нский; 12 January 1772 – 23 February 1839) was a Russian statesman and reformist during the reign of Alexander I of Russia, to whom he was a close advisor. Honorary member of the Free Economic Society (1801) and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1819). He later served under Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and was Active Privy Councillor (1827). Speransky is referred to as the father of Russian liberalism.
Argos (river)
The Argos is a river in the region of Murcia, Spain. It is a tributary of the river Segura. It starts in Caravaca de la Cruz, runs through Cehegín, Valentin, and joins the Segura in Calasparra.

38°15′N 1°41′W﻿ / ﻿38.250°N 1.683°W﻿ / 38.250; -1.683

Segura (river)
Segura (Spanish and Valencian: [seˈɣuɾa] ⓘ; Latin: Thader; Arabic: شقورة, romanized: Shaqūrah, or وادي الأبيض Wādī l-Abyaḍ) is a medium-sized river in southeastern Spain. It has its source in the Sierra de Segura.
Plumeria
Plumeria (/pluːˈmɛriə/), also known as frangipani, is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Rauvolfioideae, of the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species are native to the Neotropical realm (in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil and as far north as Florida in the United States), but are often grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in tropical regions, especially in Hawaii, as well as hot desert climates in the Arabian Peninsula with proper irrigation.

Magnolia champaca
Magnolia champaca, known in English as champak (/ˈtʃʌmpək/), is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae. It was previously classified as Michelia champaca. It is known for its fragrant flowers, and its timber used in woodworking.
Public TV of Azov
«Public TV of Azov» (Priazov.tv) — an initiative of volunteer journalists of Pryazovia on creating first independent media in the region. It's the third most-popular Internet-channel of Mariupol

Channel's goal is to give Mariupol and Azov region citizens an objective and unprejudiced information on political, economic, social issues. Its task is to fill information space of Azov region by informational and analytical articles and video-stories and to involve Mariupol citizens into process of solution of city problems.

Hromadske
hromadske (Ukrainian: Громадське, lit. 'Public') is an independent online media in Ukraine. The station was announced in June 2013 by 15 journalists, before commencing operations on 22 November 2013. It is registered as an NGO.
Edward Katongole-Mbidde
Edward Katongole-Mbidde is a prominent Ugandan physician, academic, medical oncologist and researcher. He is the immediate past executive director of Uganda Virus Research Institute. He earned his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) and Master of Medicine (MMed) in Internal Medicine from Makerere University.

Makerere University School of Medicine
The Makerere University School of Medicine (MUSM) in Kampala, Uganda, also known as the Makerere University Medical School, is the school of medicine of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university. The medical school has been part of Makerere University since 1924. The school provides medical education at diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels.
James Albert King
James Albert King (December 1864 – November 17, 1933) was the father of Martin Luther King Sr. and paternal grandfather of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., A. D. King, and Christine King Farris.

Christine King Farris
Willie Christine King Farris (September 11, 1927 – June 29, 2023) was an American teacher and civil rights activist. King was the sister of Martin Luther King Jr. and Alfred Daniel Williams. She taught at Spelman College and was the author of several books and was a public speaker on various topics, including the King family, multicultural education, and teaching.
Estonia men's national handball team
The Estonia national handball team (Estonian: Eesti käsipallikoondis) is controlled by the Estonian Handball Association (Eesti Käsipalliliit) and represents Estonia in international handball competitions.

Estonian Handball Association
Estonian Handball Association (abbreviation EHA; Estonian: Eesti Käsipalliliit) is one of the sport governing bodies in Estonia which deals with handball.

EHF is established on 24 November 1990 in Tallinn. EHF is a successor of Estonian SSR Handball Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Väravpalliföderatsioon).

EHF is a member of International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1991.