hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Lutheranism
Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg. Lutheranism soon became a wider religious and political movement within the Holy Roman Empire owing to support from key electors and the widespread adoption of the printing press. This movement soon spread throughout northern Europe and became the driving force behind the wider Protestant Reformation. Today, Lutheranism has spread from Europe to all six populated continents.

Albert of Brandenburg
Albert von Brandenburg (German: Albrecht von Brandenburg; 28 June 1490 – 24 September 1545) was a German cardinal, elector, Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545.

Through his notorious sale of indulgences, he became the catalyst for Martin Luther's Reformation and its staunch opponent.
Bubble oxygenator
A bubble oxygenator is an early implementation of the oxygenator used for cardiopulmonary bypass. It has since been supplanted by the membrane oxygenator 
as a result of advances in material science. Some continue to promote it as a low-cost alternative allowing greater self-sufficiency.: p.182

Oxygenator
An oxygenator is a medical device that is capable of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood of human patients during surgical procedures that may necessitate the interruption or cessation of blood flow in the body, a critical organ or great blood vessel. These organs can be the heart, lungs or liver, while the great vessels can be the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins or vena cava.
Mimis Traiforos
Mimis Traiforos (Greek: Μίμης Τραϊφόρος; 15 October 1913, Piraeus – 26 March 1998, Athens.) was a Greek writer and lyricist.

In 1934 he collaborated as an actor with Attik and later in 1940 with singer Sofia Vembo, his future wife. Some of Vembo's best successes were of his lyrics. Also, notable composers of the era collaborated with him, such as Giorgos Mouzakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Michalis Souyioul and Kostas Giannidis.

He worked also as a theatrical writer and wrote many revues.

He died in 1998.

Kostas Giannidis
Ioannis Constantinidis (Greek: Ιωάννης Κωνσταντινίδης), also known by the pen name Kostas Giannidis (Greek: Κώστας Γιαννίδης; 21 August 1903 – 17 January 1984), was a Greek composer, pianist and conductor.

Constantinidis was born in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (today İzmir), in 1903. He came to Greece after the destruction of Smyrna and continued his studies in Berlin (1923–1931). He returned to Athens and worked as a conductor and composer at the musical theater composing many operettas, musical comedies, and revues. He would sign and publish his popular works as Kostas Giannidis, and his classical compositions as his birth name.

He died in Athens in 1984.
Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
A series of occasional armed skirmishes and firefights have occurred along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border between the Afghan Armed Forces and the Pakistan Armed Forces since 1949. The latest round of hostilities between the two countries began in April 2007.

Militants belonging to internationally designated terrorist groups Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Jamaat-ul-Ahrar also use Afghanistan's territory to target Pakistani security personnel deployed along the border. Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry, spokesperson for the Pakistan Armed Forces, said that the presence of terrorists belonging to the TTP on Afghan soil is the reason for sporadic shelling of, and airstrikes on, Afghanistan's territory by the Pakistan Armed Forces.

Ministry of Defense (Afghanistan)
The Ministry of Defense is the cabinet ministry of Afghanistan responsible for overseeing the Afghan Armed Forces (currently referred to as the Islamic Emirate Armed Forces). The ministry is located in Kabul.
Vineyard, New South Wales
Vineyard is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Vineyard is located 50 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Blacktown with part of it in the City of Hawkesbury. Vineyard is part of the Greater Western Sydney region. It is bounded in the west by Eastern Creek until its confluence with South Creek, a tributary of the Hawkesbury River.

Blacktown City Council
Blacktown City Council is a local government area in Western Sydney, situated on the Cumberland Plain, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1906 as the Blacktown Shire and becoming the Municipality of Blacktown in 1961 before gaining city status in 1979, the City occupies an area of 246.9 square kilometres (95.3 sq mi) and has a population of 410,419, making it the most populous local government area in Sydney. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The Mayor of Blacktown City Council is Councillor Brad Bunting following the death of then-mayor Tony Bleasdale OAM, a member of the Australian Labor Party who died 3 May 2024.
Patrick Fiori
Patrick Chouchayan (French pronunciation: [patʁik ʃuʃajɑ̃]; born 23 September 1969), known by his stage name Patrick Fiori (French: [patʁik fjɔʁi], Corsican: [ˈfjɔri]), is a French singer of Armenian descent.

Captain Phoebus
Capitaine Phœbus de Châteaupers [febys də ʃɑtopɛːʁ] is a fictional character and the secondary antagonist of Victor Hugo's 1831 novel, Notre-Dame de Paris. He is the Captain of the King Louis XI's Archers. His name comes from Phoebus, the Greek god of the sun (also called Apollo).
Christopher A. Seeger
Christopher A. Seeger is an American lawyer who specializes in multidistrict mass tort and class action litigation. He received the most multidistrict litigation (MDL) appointments of any lawyer between 2016 and 2019 according to a 2020 ALM study. Seeger is a founding partner of the firm Seeger Weiss LLP.

Volkswagen emissions scandal
The Volkswagen emissions scandal, sometimes known as Dieselgate or Emissionsgate, began in September 2015, when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German automaker Volkswagen Group. The agency had found that Volkswagen had intentionally programmed turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engines to activate their emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing, which caused the vehicles' NOx output to meet US standards during regulatory testing. However, the vehicles emitted up to 40 times more NOx in real-world driving. Volkswagen deployed this software in about 11 million cars worldwide, including 500,000 in the United States, in model years 2009 through 2015.
Adam Murphy
Adam Murphy (born 8 April 2005) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Championship club Bristol City. He previously played for St Patrick's Athletic, where he started his professional career and Swindon Town.

2023 FAI Cup
The 2023 FAI Cup, known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 103rd edition of the Republic of Ireland's primary national cup competition. It featured teams from the League of Ireland Premier Division and the First Division, as well as non-league teams. The competition began with qualifying on 7 April 2023 and concluded with the final on 12 November 2023 in the Aviva Stadium. The winners qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Conference League.

St Patrick's Athletic won the cup on 12 November after a 3–1 win over Bohemians in the final, it was their fifth FAI Cup win.
Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
The men's sabre was one of ten fencing events on the fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme. It was the twenty-fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 21 September 2000. 39 fencers from 20 nations competed. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. The event was won by Mihai Covaliu of Romania, the nation's first medal in the men's sabre. Mathieu Gourdain's silver extended France's podium streak in the event to five Games. Germany also earned its first medal in the men's sabre, with Wiradech Kothny's bronze.

Fencing at the 2000 Summer Olympics
At the 2000 Summer Olympics, ten fencing events were contested. Men competed in both individual and team events for each of the three weapon types (épée, foil and sabre). Women competed in the foil and the épée events. The events took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.
Bomaderry, New South Wales
Bomaderry is a suburb in the City of Shoalhaven local government area in New South Wales, Australia. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 6,738 people. It is on the north shore of the Shoalhaven River, across the river from Nowra, the major town of the City of Shoalhaven, of which Bomaderry is locally regarded as being a suburb of the city.

City of Shoalhaven
The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Sydney. The Princes Highway passes through the area, and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section, terminating at Bomaderry. At the 2021 census, the population was 108,531.
Quantou Town
Quantou Town (simplified Chinese: 泉头镇; traditional Chinese: 泉頭鎮; pinyin: Quántóu Zhèn) is a town in the northeast of Liaoning province, China. It is under the administration of Changtu County. It is served by China National Highway 102.

Changtu County
Changtu County (simplified Chinese: 昌图县; traditional Chinese: 昌圖縣; pinyin: Chāngtú Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Liaoning province, China, bordering Jilin to the northeast and Inner Mongolia in the northwest. It is under the administration of Tieling City, the downtown of which lies 60 kilometres (37 mi) to the south-southwest, and is 47 kilometres (29 mi) southwest of Siping, Jilin. It is served by both China National Highway 102 and G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway.
Lionel Blackburne
Lionel Edward Blackburne (2 November 1874–4 August 1951) was an Anglican priest in the  second quarter of the 20th century.

He was born 2 November 1874 and educated at Lancing College and Clare College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1890, he began his ecclesiastical career  with a curacies at All Saints, Leamington and St Martin Potternewton. After this he was Vicar of St Wilfrid’s, Bradford then Rural Dean of Portsmouth. From 1922 to 1936 he was Archdeacon of Surrey and from 1930 also Canon Residentiary at Guildford Cathedral. He was Dean of Ely  from 1936  to 1950. He died on 4 August 1951.His brother was Dean of Bristol and nephew Bishop of Thetford.

Hugh Blackburne
Christianity portal

Hugh Charles Blackburne was the Bishop of Thetford from 1977 until 1981.

Blackburne was born into an ecclesiastical family on 4 June 1912 and educated at Marlborough and Clare College, Cambridge before beginning his ordained ministry as a curate in Almondbury. He was then a chaplain in the Forces and then held incumbencies at Milton, Hampshire, Harrow, the Hillsborough parishes and Ranworth before being ordained to the episcopate. He died on 15 October 1995.
East Dulwich Comedy
East Dulwich Comedy was a British comedy club that started above the East Dulwich Tavern in East Dulwich in November 1988.
It has also been located at the Magdala Tavern, 21 Lordship Lane, Southwark, and moved to the Hobgoblin pub in Forest Hill until the club's closure in 2015.

Over the years, the club played host to many well known comedians including Stephen Frost, Eddie Izzard, Jo Brand, Mark Lamarr, Bill Bailey, Mark Thomas, Jenny Eclair, Alan Davies, Harry Hill, Andy Parsons, Graham Norton, Jimmy Carr and Norman Lovett.

Lordship Lane, Southwark
Lordship Lane is an ancient thoroughfare, once rural, in East Dulwich, a suburb of the London Borough of Southwark in southeast London, England, and forms part of the A2216.

It runs north–south from Goose Green to Wood Vale. The Lordship Lane and North Cross Road area now has a wide selection of bars, restaurants and specialist retailers for the 'foodie' market.
Forari
Forari is one of the three most used ports in Vanuatu.

It is on the eastern end of Éfaté Island.

It contains a manganese mine which was opened in 1962 by the French and closed in 1979. In 1971 it was reported that "workable deposits of manganese oxides occur over an area of 25km2 at Forari."

Efate
Efate (French: Éfaté), originally named Sandwich Island and also known as Île Vate (French: [il vat]) or just Vate, is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu, and the capital city, Port Vila, is located on the island.
Hindu cosmology
Hindu cosmology is the description of the universe and its states of matter, cycles within time, physical structure, and effects on living entities according to Hindu texts. Hindu cosmology is also intertwined with the idea of a creator who allows the world to exist and take shape.

Jiva
Jiva (Sanskrit: जीव, IAST: jīva), also referred as Jivātman, is a living being or any entity imbued with a life force in Hinduism and Jainism. The word itself originates from the Sanskrit verb-root jīv, which translates as 'to breathe' or 'to live'.: 211  The jiva, as a metaphysical entity, has been described in various scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads. Each subschool of Vedanta describes the role of the jiva with the other metaphysical entities in varying capacities. The closest translation into English and Abrahamic philosophies would be the soul.
LET Access Series
The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour.

Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better.

Epson Tour
The Epson Tour, previously known as the LPGA Futures Tour, and known for sponsorship reasons between 2006 and 2010 as the Duramed Futures Tour and between 2012 and 2021 as the Symetra Tour, is the official developmental golf tour of the LPGA Tour. Tour membership is open to professional women golfers and to qualified amateurs.
William Herbert Waring
William Herbert Waring VC MM (13 October 1885 – 8 October 1918) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

He was born and lived in Welshpool, Montgomeryshire.

He was 32 years old, and before World War I had been a member of the part-time Montgomeryshire Yeomanry. In 1918 he was serving as a lance-sergeant in the 25th (Montgomery and Welsh Horse Yeomanry) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, British Army, when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
299 BC
Year 299 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetinus and Torquatus/Corvus (or, less frequently, year 455 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 299 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Zhao (state)
Zhao (traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.

Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gongsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.
Aristotle Mountains
Aristotle Mountains is the fan-shaped sequence of ridges spreading east-northeastwards from its summit Madrid Dome (1647 m) on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula. The feature is named after the ancient Greek scientist Aristotle who in his book Meteorology dated c. 350 BC was the first to conjecture the existence of a landmass in the southern high-latitude region, calling it Antarctica.

Oscar II Coast
Oscar II Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Fairweather to the north, and Cape Alexander to the south. Discovered in 1893 by Captain C.A. Larsen, who named it for King Oscar II of Norway and Sweden. To the north of this coast is Nordenskjöld Coast.
Noor Ophthalmology Complex
Noor Ophthalmology Complex (Persian: مجتمع چشم‌پزشکی نور) is a hospital network in Iran. The organization was founded in 1993 by Hassan Hashemi and owns facilities in Tehran and Karaj. The network established the first ophthalmology subspeciality clinic in Iran.

Hospital network
A hospital network is a public, non-profit or for-profit company or organization that provides two or more hospitals and other broad healthcare facilities and services.  A hospital network may include hospitals in one or more regions within one or more states within one or more countries.  A hospital network has one headquarters, usually within one of the regions served by the network facilities.  (The terms hospital system and health care system are used more broadly to define the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of a region or country.)
Goshen Intermediate School
Goshen Intermediate School (also known as G.I.S.) educates students in grades 3-5 in the Goshen Central School District, covering the eponymous village and town in Orange County, New York, United States.  It is located on McNally Street in the village, not far from the other Goshen schools.

The building was constructed in 1967. It is the newest building in the district after the high school. For the first nine years of its existence, prior to the construction of the high school, it was used as the district's middle school.

In 2007 the school's then principal, Mary Ann Knight, caused a small controversy when she forbade a group of fourth-graders from singing an anti-war song they had written as a project for chorus class after a parent complained. While the lyrics did not mention any specific conflict, parents and school officials that it might be seen as expressing opposition to the Iraq War, and they did not want the controversy overshadowing the school's spring concert.

Goshen, New York
Goshen is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 14,571 at the 2020 census. The town is named after the Biblical Land of Goshen. It contains a village also called Goshen, which is the county seat of Orange County. The town is centrally located in the county.
Umuerum
Umuerum, Listenⓘ also known as Umuolum, is a town in Ayamelum Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Umuerum or  is located on the shores of the Omambala River and Ezu River. The town contains the villages of Ukpambaka/Umunkwele, Ayigo, Umuodu/Umuoli, Umuerike/Obinagu and Otu-oyibo (general settlement area). Umuerum is closely bordered by her sister towns Anaku, Omor, Umumbo and Awba (ovemmili).

Umuerum produces yams, rice, cassava, maize and other assorted vegetables. The river tributaries and lakes allow the town to enjoy good stock of fresh water fish. In 1970s oil companies discovered oil and gas deposits in large quantities and have not yet been exploited by Nigerian government.

Omor
Omor in Ayamelum local government area of Anambra state in Nigeria, is on the shores of the Omambala River. It is made up of the villages of Akanator, Aturia, Amikwe and Orenja.

There have been communal clashes between Omor and Igbakwu locals over land on the border of both towns. It has good vegetation, fertile lands for production of food crops such as rice, maize, yam, cassava and assorted fruits.
Drosera darwinensis
Drosera darwinensis is a perennial carnivorous plant in the genus Drosera that is endemic to the Northern Territory. Its leaves are arranged in a rosette with one rosette emerging from the root stock. It produces pink or white flowers from December to April. Drosera darwinensis grows in clayey sand from Palmerston to Berry Springs south of Darwin and east to Humpty Doo. It was first described by Allen Lowrie in 1996; the type specimen was collected 0.9 km (0.6 mi) south of Temple Avenue in Palmerston on 8 April 1990. The specific epithet darwinensis refers to region where this plant is found in abundance. It is closely related to D. brevicornis, but differs from that species by its shorter inflorescence (5–15 cm long in D. darwinensis and 30–40 cm long in D. brevicornis).

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Laxmi Narayan Yadav
Laxmi Narayan Yadav (Hindi pronunciation: [ləkʂmiː n̪aːɾaːjəɳ jaːd̪əʋ]) is a socialist leader and former member of parliament (MP) of Bhartiya Janata Party. He has won the 2014 Indian general elections from the Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency).
He is two times MLA from Surkhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) assembly seat of Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh.
First time, he was elected in 1977 from Surkhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) from Janata Party. He has defeated Vitthalbhai Patel who was a Congress leader and Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate famed Bollywood lyricist and poet and industrialist. During the same tenure in 1978 – 1980 he served as Minister for Higher Education, in Government of Madhya Pradesh in the Sakhlecha ministry. Mr. Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha was the then chief minister.
Second time, in 1989, Mr. Yadav again defeated Patel from the same constituency.

Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha
Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha (4 March 1930 – 31 May 1999) was an Indian politician who served as the 10th Chief Minister Of Madhya Pradesh from 18 January 1978 to 19 January 1980. He was a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He hailed from Neemuch District (then part of Mandsaur district). The Govt. Medical College in Neemuch was named after him in 2024.