hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Makhdoom Pur Pahuran
Makhdum Pur Pahuran (Urdu: مخدُوم پُور پہوڑاں),  is an ancient town in the district of Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan. This city is situated between Tulamba and Kabirwala.

The specialty of this city is making bedsheets and clothes of various kinds. This city has five main bazars, a railway station, bus station, municipal office, health clinic, police station and post office. Gurudawara Makhdoom Pur is a religious place for Hindus.

Kabirwala
Kabirwala  (Urdu: کبِیروالا, Punjabi كبِير والا) is a town of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The town is the headquarters of Kabirwala Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Khanewal District. The population of the town of Kabirwala was 91,932, according to the 2023 Population Census of Pakistan, with the overall population of Kabirwala tehsil being 1,119,229.
Parathiodina
Parathiodina is a monotypic genus of  jumping spiders containing the single species, Parathiodina compta. It was first described by E. B. Bryant in 1943, and is only found on Hispaniola. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "para" (παρά), meaning "alongside", and the salticid genus Thiodina.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Czech Rugby League Association
The Czech Rugby League Association (Czech: Česká Asociace Rugby League) is the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in Czech Republic. The Association was formed during 4 October 2005. In 2011, the Czech Rugby League Association was admitted to affiliate membership of the Rugby League European Federation after reforming its governance.

In January 2024 the association was formally recognised by the Czech National Sports Agency.

European Rugby League
The European Rugby League (ERL) (previously Rugby League European Federation (RLEF)) is the umbrella body for nations playing the sport of rugby league football across Europe. In the absence of other continental federations, ERL also controls rugby league in North America  the Middle East and Africa through its sub-branches Americas Rugby League and Middle East-Africa Rugby League.
Lloyd Babb
Lloyd Babb SC (born 1966) is an Australian barrister and was the New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions from his appointment on 18 July 2011 through to 17 July 2021.

In making his announcement about the appointment of Babb, Attorney General for New South Wales Greg Smith SC, who worked with Babb in the office of the DPP, said he was youthful and energetic and had a "calming effect" on those he met. Furthermore he went on to say "Babb has proven himself to be a lawyer of the highest quality, who is well versed with all aspects of criminal law".

Babb’s appointment to the role of NSW Director of Public Prosecutions was for 10 years and just before his tenure ended he gave an interview to Belinda Barker for barnews (the journal of New South Wales Bar Association) giving some insight to his role as DPP.

Lloyd assumed the position of President of the Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Spiders Basketball Association in June 2021 in a landslide victory.

Greg Smith (New South Wales politician)
Gregory Eugene Smith SC (born 26 November 1947), is a former Australian politician, he was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Epping for the Liberal Party from 2007 to 2015. Smith served as the Attorney General of New South Wales and as the Minister for Justice in the O'Farrell government between 2011 and 2014.
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) order of battle
This is the order of battle for the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present). It should not be considered complete, up-to-date, nor fully accurate, being based on open-source press reporting.

An updated order of battle estimate for 23 April 2023, by the Institute for the Study of War is accessible at:

Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, 23 April

Another ISW-relevant publication, published in October 2023:

Russian Regular Ground Forces Order of Battle: Russian Military 101

16th Guards Spetsnaz Brigade
The 16th Separate Guards Order of Zhukov Spetsnaz Brigade (Russian: 16-я отдельная гвардейская ордена Жукова бригада специального назначения, romanized: 16-ya otdelnaya gvardeyskaya ordena Zhukova brigada spetsialnogo naznacheniya) is a Spetsnaz military formation of the Russian Federation subordinate to the Spetsnaz GRU. It is garrisoned in Tambov, Tambov Oblast. Its military unit number is 54607.

On January 26, 2019, the unit was given the title of "Guards" by presidential decree.
Hornnes
Hornnes is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. Hornnes was located in what is now the present-day municipality of Evje og Hornnes in the traditional district of Setesdal in Agder county. The 378-square-kilometre (146 sq mi) municipality of Hornnes existed from 1886 until 1960. The administrative centre was the village of Hornnes where the Hornnes Church is located.

Setesdal
Setesdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsêːtəsdɑːɫ]; older name: Sætersdal) is a valley and a traditional district in Agder County in southern Norway. It consists of the municipalities of Bykle, Valle, Bygland, and Evje og Hornnes.

The Otra river flows through the valley of Setesdal into the sea near Kristiansand. It flows southward from the Hardangervidda plateau in Telemark. The historic Setesdal starts at Evje and extends as far as the farm Bjåen, at the edge of the traditional region of Telemark. Øvre (Upper) Setesdal is in the municipality of Bykle. The municipalities of Iveland, Evje & Hornes and Bygland comprise the Nedre (Lower) Setesdal. Valle municipality is in the middle of the Setesdal valley. Norwegian National Road 9 runs through Setesdal.
Childhood in war
Childhood in war refers to children who have been affected, impaired or even injured during and in the aftermath of armed conflicts. Wars affect all areas of involved persons' life, including physical and mental-emotional integrity, social relations with the family and the community, as well as housing. More often than not, these experiences affect a child's further development.

The Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research estimated that there were 226 politically motivated armed conflicts (of which 38 estimated as highly violent: 18 full-scale wars, 20 limited wars) worldwide during 2016. According to a Spiegel TV documentary in early 2016, estimated 230 million children live in war and crisis areas, experiencing everyday terror.

Red Hand Day
Red Hand Day, or the International Day against the Use of Child Soldiers, has been observed on February 12 annually since 2002, where pleas are made to political leaders and events are staged around the world to draw attention to child soldiers: children under the age of 18 who participate in military organizations of all kinds. Red Hand Day aims to call for action to stop this practice, and support children affected by it.
OTC Markets Group
OTC Markets Group, Inc. (formerly known as National Quotation Bureau, Pink Sheets, and Pink OTC Markets) is an American financial services corporation that operates a financial market providing price and liquidity information for almost 12,400 over-the-counter (OTC) securities. The group has its headquarters in New York City.  OTC-traded securities are organized into four markets to inform investors of opportunities and risks: OTCQX, OTCQB, OTCID, and Pink Limited.

American depositary receipt
An American depositary receipt (abbreviated ADR, and sometimes spelled depository) is a negotiable security that represents securities of a foreign company and allows that company's shares to trade in the U.S. financial markets.

Shares of many non-U.S. companies trade on U.S. stock exchanges through ADRs, which are denominated and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, and may be traded like regular shares of stock. ADRs are also traded during U.S. trading hours, through U.S. broker-dealers. ADRs simplify investing in foreign securities because the depositary bank "manage[s] all custody, currency and local taxes issues".

The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges on the New York Curb Exchange, the American Stock Exchange's precursor.

They are the U.S. equivalent of a global depository receipt (GDR). Securities of a foreign company that are represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares (ADSs).
Osbert Sitwell
Sir Francis Osbert Sacheverell Sitwell, 5th Baronet CH CBE (6 December 1892 – 4 May 1969) was an English writer. His elder sister was Edith Sitwell and his younger brother was Sacheverell Sitwell. Like them, he devoted his life to art and literature.

St James's
St James's is a district of Westminster, and a central district in the City of Westminster, London, forming part of the West End. The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace and much of it is still owned by the Crown Estate.  During the Restoration in the 17th century, the area was developed as a residential location for the British aristocracy, and around the 19th century was the focus of the development of their gentlemen's clubs. Once part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, much of it formed the parish of St James from 1685 to 1922. Since the Second World War the area has transitioned from residential to commercial use.

St James's is bounded to the north by Piccadilly and Mayfair, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park, and to the east by Haymarket.
Obtundation
Obtundation is mild to moderate alertness reduction (altered level of consciousness) with decreased interest in the environment and slower than normal reactivity to stimulation. It is distinguished from the much stronger states of unresponsiveness of stupor and coma. Obtundation typically occurs as a result of a medical condition or trauma.

There is a wide range of potential causes including head injury, interruption of blood circulation, impaired oxygenation or carbon dioxide toxicity (hypercapnia); central nervous system (CNS) infections, drug intoxication or withdrawal, post-seizure state, hypothermia, and metabolic derangements such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcaemic crisis.

Symptoms include delayed reaction time, lessened interest in the environment, very short attention span, and excessive sleeping.

The root word, obtund, means "dulled or less sharp" (cf. obtuse angle).

Stupor
Stupor is the lack of critical mental function and a level of consciousness, in which an affected person is almost entirely unresponsive and responds only to intense stimuli such as pain. The word derives from the Latin stupor ("numbness, insensibility").
Rans S-6 Coyote II
The Rans S-6 Coyote II is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, two-seat, high-wing monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter and manufactured by Rans Inc. The Coyote is available in kit form for amateur construction or as a completed light-sport aircraft.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Chuvash Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The First Secretary of the Chuvash regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Chuvash AO (1920–1925) and the Chuvash ASSR (1925–1991) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. The position was created on 8 October 1920, and abolished in August 1991. The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
Regular part
In mathematics, the regular part of a Laurent series consists of the series of terms with positive powers. That is, if

then the regular part of this Laurent series is

In contrast, the series of terms with negative powers is the principal part.

Laurent series
In mathematics, the Laurent series of a complex function  is a representation of that function as a power series which includes terms of negative degree. It may be used to express complex functions in cases where a Taylor series expansion cannot be applied. The Laurent series was named after and first published by Pierre Alphonse Laurent in 1843. Karl Weierstrass had previously described it in a paper written in 1841 but not published until 1894.
In This World
In This World is a 2002 British docudrama directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film follows two young Afghan refugees, Jamal Udin Torabi and Enayatullah, as they leave a refugee camp in Pakistan for a better life in London. Since their journey is illegal, it is fraught with danger, and they must use back-channels, bribes, and smugglers to achieve their goal.

The film won the Golden Bear prize at the 2003 Berlin International Film Festival and BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language at the 57th British Academy Film Awards the film was nominated for Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film but lost to Touching the Void (directed by Kevin Macdonald).

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Duchy of Samokalako
The Duchy of Samokalako, also known as the Duchy of Imereti or the Duchy of Kutaisi, was a duchy of the Kingdom of Georgia from the 15th century. Created by King Alexander I of Georgia upon the reestablishment of royal control over the Kingdom of Western Georgia, the duchy was given to a cadet branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. However, its history remains short and its secession following the Battle of Chikhori led to the Georgian civil war of 1463–1491.

Mingrelia
Mingrelia or Samegrelo (Georgian: სამეგრელო, romanized: samegrelo [ˈs̪äme̞gɾe̞ɫo̞]; Mingrelian: სამარგალო, romanized: samargalo) is a historic province in the western part of Georgia, formerly known as Odishi. It is primarily inhabited by the Mingrelians, a subgroup of Georgians.
2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell
The 2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell (also known as the Torneo Godó) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 59th edition of the event known this year as the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell, and was part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain, from April 16 through April 24, 2011. The defending champion was Fernando Verdasco, but was absent from the tournament in 2011.

Real Club de Tenis Barcelona
The Real Club de Tenis Barcelona 1899 (Catalan: Reial Club de Tennis Barcelona 1899) is a tennis club and training center in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is considered one of the most prestigious tennis clubs in the country.

The facility houses 18 clay courts, including a stadium court with a capacity of 8,400 and a show court for 2,000 spectators.
Camrose Trophy
The Camrose Trophy or "The Camrose" is an annual bridge competition among open teams representing the home nations of Great Britain and Ireland: England (EBU), Northern Ireland (NIBU), Republic of Ireland (CBAI), Scotland (SBU) and Wales (WBU). As such it is the open teams-of-four component of the "Home Internationals" organised by Bridge Great Britain.

The competition was first held in 1937, but it did not become the Camrose until the following year, when Lord Camrose, owner of The Daily Telegraph, donated the trophy. The original trophy has been lost and replaced. Because of World War II the series was interrupted mid-way in 1939 and not resumed until 1946, yet the Camrose is the world's most-played international bridge series.

Beside "The Camrose" (Open flight), the Home Bridge Internationals include annual series for Women from 1950 (the Lady Milne Trophy), Juniors from 1971, Under-19 from 1990 (the Peggy Bayer Trophy), and Seniors (the Teltscher Trophy) from 2008.

Home Nations
Home Nations is a collective terminology in sport usually referring to England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. When a sport is governed by a council representing the island of Ireland, such as the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), the term can refer to the nations of the constituent countries on the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the island of Ireland as a whole.

The term was originally used when the whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. The synonymous Home Countries (not to be confused with the home counties) is also sometimes used.
2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 11 at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center. The defending champion was Australia.

2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was the United States.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed two lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.
FEMESA
Ferrocarriles Metropolitanos S.A. (also known for its acronym FEMESA) was a company set up by the Argentine government in 1991, during the presidency of Carlos Menem, to oversee the privatisation of commuter rail services within the city of Buenos Aires in Argentina. The company granted concessions to Metropolitano, Ferrovías, Metrovías, and Trenes de Buenos Aires for the operation of services which had previously been run by state-owned companies since the nationalisation of the railways in 1948. With its task complete, FEMESA was wound up in 1997.

Trenes de Buenos Aires
Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA) (In English: Trains of Buenos Aires) was a private company that operated commuter rail services over the 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge Sarmiento and Mitre lines of Buenos Aires. The company, owned by Claudio and Mario Cirigliano, also operated long-distance services on the General Mitre Railway to central-western Argentina and on the General Urquiza Railway to northern Argentina and Uruguay on the international Tren de los Pueblos Libres.

From 2004 to 2012 TBA, a company which is a subsidiary of the Plaza Group  controlled by the Cirigliano family, was part of the consortium Unidad de Gestión Operativa Ferroviaria de Emergencia (UGOFE) which operated other commuter rail services in Buenos Aires. The company became synonymous with the collapse of the railways in Argentina under privatisation and the company was subject to numerous investigations and legal proceedings.
Carsten Mogensen
Carsten Mogensen (born 24 July 1983) is a former badminton player from Denmark. He was the gold medalist at the 2015 European Games, two time European champions winning in 2012 and 2017, and the silver medalist at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Mogensen was a former world number 1 in the BWF World ranking together with Mathias Boe.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Societal security
Societal security is a concept developed by the Copenhagen School of security studies that focuses on the ability of a society to persist in its essential character. It was developed in 1990s in the context of the end of the Cold War and moves towards further integration in the European Union. This paradigm de-emphasizes the role of state power in guaranteeing security by confronting threats, highlighting instead questions of community identity and social dynamics.

Copenhagen School (international relations)
The Copenhagen School of security studies is a school of academic thought with its origins in international relations theorist Barry Buzan's book People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations, first published in 1983. The School places particular emphasis on the non-military aspects of security, representing a shift away from traditional security studies.: 168  Theorists associated with the school include Buzan, Ole Wæver, and Jaap de Wilde. Many of the school's members worked at the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, from which its name originates.

The primary book of the Copenhagen School is Security: A New Framework for Analysis, authored by Buzan, Wæver and De Wilde.
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
The Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (Ukrainian: Конгрес українських націоналістів, romanized: Konhres ukrayinskykh natsionalistiv) is a far-right political party in Ukraine. It was founded on 18 October 1992 and registered with the Ministry of Justice on 26 January 1993. The party leader from its formation until her death in 2003 was Yaroslava Stetsko (people's deputy of three Verkhovna Rada conventions).

Ministry of Justice (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство юстиції України, romanized: Ministerstvo yustytsiyi Ukrayiny), abbr.  Мінюст [України], Minjust [of Ukraine], is the main body in the system of central government of Ukraine that regulates state legal policy. It is one of the oldest ministerial offices of the country tracing its history back to the beginning of 20th century.