hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nad Shamma
Nad Shamma (Arabic: ند شما) or Nad Al Shamma is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located south of Dubai International Airport and was originally part of the locality of Al Rashidiya.  Nad Shamma is bordered to the south by Nad Al Hammar, to the east by Umm Ramool, to the north by Mirdif and to the west by Al Rashidiya.

Route E 311 ( Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Road )   forms the eastern periphery of the locality.  Nad Shamma is a developing area and is largely residential.  It houses several villas and town houses.

Nad Al Hammar
Nad Al Hammar (Arabic: ند الحمر) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nad Al Hammar is a small, residential and industrial community located in Dubai.

The routes E 311 (Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Road) and E 44 (Ras Al Khor Road) form the eastern and southern peripheries of Nad Al Hammar. Nad Al Hammar is on the outskirts of Dubai city limits and has a small residential community.  A Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) substation is located in the southeast of Nad Al Hammar.
2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool A
Group A of the 2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2001 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team advancing to the play-offs and the bottom team being relegated down to Group II for 2002.

2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2001 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first in their respective pools.

The four teams were then paired up the team from a different placing of the other group for a play-off tie, with the winners being promoted to the World Group play-offs.
Zachary Harvey
Zachary Harvey is an American politician from Vermont. He been a member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Rutland 3 District since 2025. He was appointed to replace Chris Brown by Governor Phil Scott. Harvey is a graduate of Providence College.

Phil Scott
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician, stock car racer, and businessman who has served since 2017 as the 82nd governor of Vermont. A member of the Republican Party, he was a representative for the Washington District in the Vermont Senate from 2001 to 2011 and the 81st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.

Scott was first elected governor of Vermont in the 2016 general election, and was reelected in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. Scott's 2024 margin of victory is the largest in any Vermont gubernatorial election since 1946. As of 2025, Scott is the second-longest serving incumbent governor in the U.S.

One of the nation's most popular governors, Scott is often described as a moderate Republican or a liberal Republican. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, Vermont is the most Democratic-leaning U.S. state (D+17).
2018 Industrial Bank Cup
The 2018 Industrial Bank Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was part of the 2018 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Quanzhou, China, on 23–29 April 2018.

2018 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2018 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
Mister Diz Stakes top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Ben's Cat Stakes (1983-2017), an American Thoroughbred Stakes race for fillies and mares three years-old and up at one mile (5+1⁄2 furlongs) run on turf at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland.

Laurel Park (race track)
Laurel Park, formerly Laurel Race Course, is an American thoroughbred racetrack located just outside Laurel, Maryland which opened in 1911.  The track is 1+1⁄8 miles in circumference. Its name was changed to "Laurel Race Course" for several decades until returning to the "Laurel Park" designation in 1994.

In April 2024 the Maryland General Assembly approved a bill that would consolidate thoroughbred racing in Maryland to Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. Laurel Park is expected to host the 2026 Preakness Stakes, and was then to permanently close for racing once renovations at Pimlico were completed. In January 2026, Maryland officials announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase Laurel Park from the Stronach Group for $50 million, with plans to convert it into a horse training center.
2017–18 Senior Women's One Day League
The 2017–18 Senior Women's One Day League was the 12th edition of the women's List A cricket competition in India. It took place in December 2017 in a round-robin format, with 27 teams divided into an Elite Group and a Plate Group. At the end of season the finalists from the Plate Group, Bengal and Goa, were promoted to the Elite Group, whilst Railways won the Elite Group Super League, their sixth consecutive title in this competition and 11th overall.

Bengal women's cricket team
The Bengal women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian state of West Bengal. The team competes in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 Trophy. They won the One Day Trophy in 2018–19 in their first and only final so far, beating Andhra in the final by 10 runs.
Donald A. Bryant
Donald A. Bryant (March 12, 1950 – August 28, 2024) was an American bioscientist. He was the Ernest Pollard Chair of Biotechnology at the Eberly College of Science Pennsylvania State University and a published author. HIs research publications are widely cited. Bryant made significant contributions, including elucidating key mechanisms of bacterial photosynthesis and the physiology of chlorophototrophic microbes. His pioneering work provided deep insights into microbial light-harvesting systems and their ecological significance.

Ernest C. Pollard
Ernest Charles "Ernie" Pollard (April 16, 1906 – February 24, 1997) was a British professor of physics and biophysics and an author, who worked on the development of radar systems in World War II, worked on the physics of living cells, and wrote textbooks and approximately 200 papers on nuclear physics and radiation biophysics.
Pey Majan
Pey Majan (Persian: پي مجان, also Romanized as Pey Majān) is a village in Marz Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 13, in 5 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
Cottunculus sadko
Cottunculus sadko is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Psychrolutidae, the fatheads. This species is found from Greenland to the Norwegian and Kara Seas in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. However, some authorities regard this taxon as a synonym of the Polar sculpin (C. microps).

Cottunculus microps
Cottunculus microps, the polar sculpin,  is a species of fathead sculpin, a deepwater fish found in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. It was first described in 1875 by the Norwegian zoologist Robert Collett, curator of the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo.
1840 United States presidential election in Ohio
A presidential election was held in Ohio on October 30, 1840 as part of the 1840 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Ohio voted for the Whig candidate, William Henry Harrison, over Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren. Harrison won Ohio by a margin of 8.53%. Ohio was the home state of William Henry Harrison, Harrison improved his margin of victory from the last election over Van Buren by +4.22%

1836 United States presidential election in Ohio
A presidential election was held in Ohio on November 4, 1836 as part of the 1836 United States presidential election. Voters chose twenty-one representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Ohio voted for Whig candidate William Henry Harrison over Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren. Harrison won Ohio by a narrow margin of 4.31%. Ohio was the home state of William Henry Harrison.
2021 Kosovan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Kosovo on 14 February 2021. The results were a landslide victory for Vetëvendosje led by Albin Kurti and its coalition partner, Vjosa Osmani, former speaker of the parliament of Kosovo. The alliance won more than 50% of the total votes, the highest share since the first elections held in 2001, while their nearest rivals, the Democratic Party, finished in second place, trailing by more than 33%.

2001 Kosovan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in UN-administered Kosovo on 17 November 2001. They were the first elections for the Transitional Assembly of Kosovo following the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration (UNMIK) in 1999. The elections were organised and supervised by UNMIK and the OSCE Mission in Kosovo and were monitored by the Council of Europe Mission in Kosovo.
Paraceltitidae
Paraceltitidae is a family of Middle and Upper Permian cephalopods, that comprise the earliest of the Ceratitida.  Paraceltitidids have variably ribbed, discoidally evolute shells with compressed elliptical whorl sections and simple suture lines. Their origin is most likely in the Daraelitidae of the Prolecanitida and they  are the apparent source of the Xenodiscidae. All together they lived for some 12 million years, from about 270.6 to about 258 million years ago.

Paraceltitidae was named by Spath in 1930, however the taxon is omitted in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L, 1957 wherein respective genera are included in the Xenodiscidae. The family has returned to recognition and has been used by Tozer, 1981 and more recently by Leonova in 2002 and by Korn in 2006.

Ceratitida
Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post-Triassic ammonites.

Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes. In a few the sutures are goniatitic while in others they are ammonitic.
Treaty of Bosque Redondo
The Treaty of Bosque Redondo (Spanish for "Round Forest") also the Navajo Treaty of 1868 or Treaty of Fort Sumner, Navajo Naal Tsoos Sani or Naaltsoos Sání) was an agreement between the Navajo and the US Federal Government signed on June 1, 1868. It ended the Navajo Wars and allowed for the return of those held in internment camps at Fort Sumner following the Long Walk of 1864.: 699  The treaty effectively established the Navajo as a sovereign nation.: 58

James Henry Carleton
James Henry Carleton (December 27, 1814 – January 7, 1873) was an American military officer who served in the United States Army during the American Civil War and American Indian Wars. He became notorious for his involvement in the Long Walk of the Navajo, in which he led an ethnic cleansing campaign against the indigenous Navajo people.
Hans Berliner
Hans Jack Berliner (January 27, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was an American chess player, and was the World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–1968. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess. Berliner was a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech, and was also a published chess writer.

International Correspondence Chess Federation
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF) was founded on 26 March 1951 as a new appearance of the International Correspondence Chess Association (ICCA), which was founded in 1945, as successor of the Internationaler Fernschachbund (IFSB), founded on 2 December 1928.

The current president is Eric Ruch, while the first president was Jean-Louis Ormond.
Saltoria gens
The gens Saltoria was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are mentioned in ancient writers, but a few are known from inscriptions, including two from Alba Fucens in Sabinum.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Nigeria Cricket Federation
The Nigeria Cricket Federation (NCF) is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in Nigeria. Its current headquarters is in Lagos. The NCF is Nigeria's representative at the International Cricket Council (ICC) and has been an associate member of that body since 2002. Nigeria used to be part of the West Africa Cricket Council, which was an ICC member in its own right. The NCF is also a member of the African Cricket Association.

Africa Cricket Association
The Africa Cricket Association (ACA) is an international body which coordinates the development of Cricket in Africa. The ACA was founded in 1997. It is subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently  has 24 member associations.

The role of the ACA includes promoting the development of cricket in Africa and organising some regional tournaments. These have included the ACA Africa T20 Cup and the Africa Women's Twenty20 Championship. The role of the ACA is complementary to the International Cricket Council (ICC), which organises the regional qualifying tournaments for global events.
Tim Clark (golfer)
Timothy Henry Clark (born 17 December 1975) is a South African professional golfer who formerly played on the PGA Tour. His biggest win was The Players Championship in 2010, which was also his first PGA Tour win.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
John Hutchison (sculptor)
John Hutchison (1 June 1832 – 23 May 1910) was a Scottish sculptor based in Edinburgh. He was the son of an unnamed builder, and his artistic life began as a thirteen-year-old woodcarving apprentice. He attended art school in the evenings, then later became a student at the Trustees Academy and attracted the patronage of its owner, Patrick Allan Fraser, who gave him commissions to fund his study in Rome. Although after Rome he continued to enjoy ancient Roman sculptural themes, he remained in Edinburgh for the rest of his life, working in wood, clay and marble, and concentrating on portraiture of Scottish people, and images of Scottish myth and history. He created the bust of Sir Walter Scott in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. He was a successful artist who received commissions from Queen Victoria.

Duncan McLaren
Duncan McLaren (12 January 1800 – 26 April 1886) was a Scottish Liberal Party politician and political writer. He served as a member of the burgh council of Edinburgh, then as Lord Provost, then as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Edinburgh constituency.
2010–11 Nedbank Cup
The 2010–11 Nedbank Cup was the 2010–11 edition of South Africa's premier knockout club football (soccer) competition, the Nedbank Cup.

Orlando Pirates defeated Black Leopards 3–1 in the final, winning the cup for the first time since 1996, as well as winning the treble, having won the 2010–11 Premier Soccer League and the 2011 MTN 8 earlier in the season.

The season was notable for the run of third-tier Baroka to the semifinals, defeating the cup's most successful team, Kaizer Chiefs, in the quarter-finals.

Nedbank Cup
The Nedbank Cup is the current name of South Africa's premier club soccer knockout tournament. While many formats have been used over the years, the tournament has always been based on the idea of giving lower league and amateur teams a chance to compete with clubs from the top league for the cup. The tournament is based on the English FA Cup, which has become known for "giant killings" (lower league clubs defeating a top-flight club).
Ulcerative dermatitis
Ulcerative dermatitis is a skin disorder in rodents associated with bacterial growth often initiated by self-trauma due to a possible allergic response. Although other organisms can be involved, bacteria culture frequently shows Staphylococcus aureus. Primarily found on the rib cage, neck, and shoulder, lesions are often irregular, circumscribed, and moist. Intense itching  may lead to scratching which may aggravate and perpetuate the lesion. Destruction of the epidermis along with underlying pustules or abscesses, and granulomatous inflammation, may be present. In cases where topical treatment alone does not resolve the dermatitis and irritants are not known, a secondary bacterial, fungal or yeast infection might be present and may require an anti-fungal or antibiotics to be prescribed by the veterinarian to affect a cure.

In rats, this skin disorder may be observed on the neck and head, often secondary to skin trauma from scratches or fighting.

Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments.
Hampden Bridge, Kangaroo Valley
Hampden Bridge is a heritage-listed single-span suspension bridge that carries Moss Vale Road (B73) across the Kangaroo River, in Kangaroo Valley, in the City of Shoalhaven local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge was designed by Ernest de Burgh and built by Loveridge and Hudson. The property is owned by Transport for NSW. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 August 2019.

Opened on 19 May 1898, the bridge is named in honour of Lord Hampden, the Governor of New South Wales from 1895 to 1899.

Turret (architecture)
In architecture, a turret is a small circular tower, usually notably smaller than the main structure, that projects outwards from a wall or corner of that structure. Turret also refers to the small towers built atop larger tower structures.
Riviera Gardens
Riviera Gardens (Chinese: 海濱花園) is one of the largest private housing estates in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong.

The estate is bounded by Tsing Tsuen Road, Wing Shun Street and Rambler Channel. Formerly the Caltex' oil depot, the estate was developed by New World Development, Tokyu Land, and Caltex Petroleum Corporation. It consists of 19 residential blocks, podium and shopping arcade, which were completed from 1988 to 1990.

Private housing estates in Hong Kong
Private housing estate is a term used in Hong Kong for private mass housing—a housing estate built by a private developer, as opposed to a public housing estate built by the Hong Kong Housing Authority or the Hong Kong Housing Society. It is usually characterised by a cluster of high-rise buildings, with its own market or shopping mall. Mei Foo Sun Chuen, built by Mobil, is the earliest (1965) and largest by number of blocks (99).

Early real estate development in Hong Kong followed the urban street pattern: single blocks packed along streets, most managed independently, with quality varying from block to block. Private housing estates, on the other hand, provide integrated management throughout the whole estate, attracting more affluent residents.

Mei Foo Sun Chuen, Taikoo Shing, Whampoa Garden, and City One Shatin are early notable examples. More projects followed, and the idea became widely accepted as the middle class of Hong Kong emerged.
2010 Kelantan FA season
The 2010 season was Kelantan FA's 2nd consecutive season in the Malaysia Super League. This article shows statistics of the club's players in the season, and also lists all matches that the club played in the season. Kelantan's Super League season began with a 0–0 drawn to Terengganu FA.

2010 Malaysia Super League
The 2010 Liga Super, also known as the TM Liga Super for sponsorship reasons, was the seventh season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 9 January and concluded on 3 August 2010.

The Liga Super champions for 2010 was Selangor.

The opening match of the season between Negeri Sembilan and Selangor also doubled as the Piala Sumbangsih fixtures where it was won by Selangor by a score of 2–1.