hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Przedbórz
Gmina Przedbórz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Przedbórz, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) east of Radomsko and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 189.94 square kilometres (73.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,595 (out of which the population of Przedbórz amounts to 3,758, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,837).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Przedbórz Landscape Park.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
Mammoth, Montana
Mammoth is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Montana, United States. It is in the northern part of the county, in the valley of the South Boulder River within the northern end of the Tobacco Root Mountains. Via the South Boulder River, it is part of the Jefferson River watershed, one of the headwaters of the Missouri River.

Mammoth is reached by South Boulder Road, which leads north 11 miles (18 km) to Montana Highway 359 at a point 5 miles (8 km) south of Cardwell.

Mammoth was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census, when it had a population of 4.

Cardwell, Montana
Cardwell is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Montana, United States. The population was 62 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Helena Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town was named for area rancher and state senator Edward Cardwell.
Contributory copyright infringement
Contributory copyright infringement is a way of imposing secondary liability for infringement of a copyright. It is a means by which a person may be held liable for copyright infringement even though they did not directly engage in the infringing activity. It is one of the two forms of secondary liability apart from vicarious liability. Contributory infringement is understood to be a form of infringement in which a person is not directly violating a copyright but induces or authorizes another person to directly infringe the copyright.

This doctrine is a development of general tort law and is an extension of the principle in tort law that in addition to the tortfeasor, anyone who contributed to the tort should also be held liable.

Copyright law of India
The Copyright Act, 1957 as amended governs the subject of copyright law in India. The Act is applicable from 21 January 1958. The history of copyright law in India can be traced back to its colonial era under the British Empire. The Copyright Act 1957 was the first post-independence copyright legislation in India and the law has been amended six times since 1957. The most recent amendment was in the year 2012, through the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012.

India is a member of most of the important international conventions governing the area of copyright law, including the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified at Paris in 1971), the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951, the Rome Convention of 1961 and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Initially, India was not a member of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) but subsequently entered the treaty in 2013.
Bangladesh Police FC
Bangladesh Police Football Club (also known as Bangladesh Police Athletic Club) is a professional football club based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club was founded by Bangladesh Police and formerly East Pakistan Police. They previously played in the First Division Football League in 1998 – then the second tier league. Police FC became champions of the Second Division in 2013–14. The club gained promotion to the Bangladesh Football League for the first time by becoming champions of the 2018-19 Bangladesh Championship League.

Independence Day Football Tournament
The Independence Day Football Tournament, alternatively known as the Pakistan Day Football Tournament or the Azadi Day Football Tournament was a knock-out men's association football tournament held in Dhaka, East Pakistan by the East Pakistan Sports Federation (EPSF). The final was held annually on 14 August, the Pakistan's Independence Day. Following the Independence of Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF) introduced the tournament's successor in 1972, the Bangladesh Independence Cup, held to kick off domestic football following the Liberation War.
NBA 2K15
NBA 2K15 is a 2014 basketball video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K. It is the sixteenth installment in the NBA 2K franchise and the successor to NBA 2K14. It was released in October 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Kevin Durant of the Oklahoma City Thunder, one of the three cover athletes of NBA 2K13, is the solo cover athlete of NBA 2K15. NBA 2K15 was succeeded by NBA 2K16.

Starting from NBA 2K15, keyboard button configurations on the PC version are fixed to a specific layout and cannot be changed which new players will need to adapt to. It is recommended to play all future installments on a game controller.

NBA 2K
NBA 2K is an American series of basketball sports simulation video games developed by Visual Concepts and released annually since 1999. The premise of the series is to emulate the sport of basketball and the National Basketball Association.

The series was originally published by Sega. Beginning with 2005's NBA 2K6, the series is currently published by 2K (previously under the 2K Sports sub-label). As of 2024, the series consists of 25 main installments and several spinoff titles across eighteen different platforms. An official eSports league, the NBA 2K League, launched in 2018.

Until 2018, the series' primary rival was the NBA Live series published by EA Sports.
2012 Dallas Tennis Classic
The 2012 Dallas Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Irving, Texas, United States between 12 and 18 March 2012.

Irving Tennis Classic
The Irving Tennis Classic (previously held as Dallas Tennis Classic) was a tennis tournament held annually in Irving, Texas, United States from 2012 until 2018. The event was one of main tournaments of the ATP Challenger Tour calendar and was played on outdoor hardcourts.
Irmgard Fuest
Irmgard Fuest (born Irmgard Scherer; September 6, 1903, in Münstermaifeld – June 22, 1980, in Neunkirchen) was a Saarland politician of the CVP / CDU and lawyer. She completed her legal traineeship at the Court of Appeals and passed her second state examination in 1931, then she worked as a judge at Brühl District Court and as a lawyer in Cologne. In 1935, she founded a law firm in Neunkirchen together with her husband Josef Fuest. She was the first woman to become a judicial councilor in the Federal Republic.

In 1975, Fuest was awarded the Saarland Order of Merit.

Neunkirchen, Saarland
Neunkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏnkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Palatine German: Neinkeije) is a town and a municipality in Saarland, Germany. It is the largest town and the seat of the district of Neunkirchen. It is situated on the river Blies, approx. 20 km northeast of Saarbrücken. With about 50,000 inhabitants, Neunkirchen is Saarland's second largest city.
Allan Nevins
Joseph Allan Nevins (May 20, 1890 – March 5, 1971) was an American historian and journalist, known for his extensive work on the history of the Civil War and his biographies of such figures as Grover Cleveland, Hamilton Fish, Henry Ford, and John D. Rockefeller, as well as his public service. He was a leading exponent of business history and oral history.

Abram Hewitt
Abram Stevens Hewitt (July 31, 1822 – January 18, 1903) was an American politician, educator, ironmaking industrialist, and lawyer who was mayor of New York City for two years from 1887 to 1888. He also twice served as a U.S. Congressman from New York's 10th congressional district and chaired the Democratic National Committee from 1876 to 1877.

The son-in-law of the industrialist and philanthropist Peter Cooper, Hewitt is best known for his work with the Cooper Union, which he aided Cooper in founding in 1859, and for planning the financing and construction of the first line of what would eventually develop into the New York City Subway, for which he is considered the "Father of the New York City Subway System".
Garandoya Kofun
Garandoya Kofun (ガランドヤ古墳)  is a pair of Kofun period Decorated kofun burial mounds, located in the Ishii neighborhood of the city of  Hita on the island of Kyushu, Japan. The tumuli were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1933.

Hita, Ōita
Hita (日田市, Hita-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 61,148 in 27,556 households, and a  population density of 96 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 666.03 km2 (257.16 sq mi).
TAA (football club)
TAA was an Australian rules football club that competed in a single season of the VFL thirds, the junior competition to the Victorian Football League (VFL). The team represented Trans Australia Airlines (TAA).

Following the demise of North Essendon, which competed in the 1947 and 1948 seasons, TAA was brought in to take its place.

However, the side was beaten heavily, and withdrew from the competition following round 4 of the 1949 season. After leaving the thirds competition, TAA played and was defeated by a side representing Australian National Airways in a one-off match in August 1949. TAA disbanded shortly after this time.

Essendon Doutta Stars Football Club
The Essendon Doutta Stars Football Club is an Australian rules football club located 10 km north west of Melbourne in the suburb of Essendon, and affiliated with the Essendon District Football League in 1946.
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471) are a naturally occurring class of food additive composed of diglycerides and monoglycerides used as an emulsifier in foods such as infant formula, fresh pasta, jams and jellies, chocolate, creams, baked goods, and more. It is also used as a fruit coating agent. This mixture is also sometimes referred to as partial glycerides.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
JBW-Maserati
The JBW-Maserati, also known as the JBW Type 1, is a race car, designed, developed, and built by British manufacturer and constructor, JBW, in 1958. It raced in both open-wheel and closed-wheel guises. It competed in both Formula Libre events, as well as 4 Formula One World Championship Grand Prix races, between 1959 and 1961; debuting at the 1959 British Grand Prix, but scored no points over that period of time. It was initially powered by a naturally-aspirated 2.5 L (150 cu in) (but later a downscaled 1.5 L (92 cu in)) Maserati 4-cylinder engine four-cylinder engine, which droves the rear wheels through a 5-speed manual transmission. It scored no World Championship points during its time in Formula One racing.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Lake Ardibbo
Lake Ardibbo is a freshwater lake of Ethiopia. It is located north of Dessie, in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region. It is situated about five kilometers southeast of Lake Hayq; both lakes are in Tehuledere woreda.

This lake is smaller in size than Lake Hayq and flows into Hayq via the Anchercah River.

South Wollo Zone
South Wollo (Amharic: ደቡብ ወሎ) is a zone in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. It acquired its name from the former province of Wollo. South Wollo is bordered on the south by North Shewa and the Oromia Special Zone (Amhara), on the west by East Gojjam, on the northwest by South Gondar, on the north by North Wollo, on the northeast by Afar Region, and on the east by the Oromia Special Zone and the Argobba special woreda. Its highest point is Mount Tabor in Amhara Sayint, 4247 meter above sea level. Cities in South Wollo include Kombolcha, Hayq, Dessie, Wuchale, Wogel Tena and Wurgessa.

On 24 August 2009 Zonal authorities announced that approximately 540 safe water units were constructed during the past Ethiopian budget year at a cost of over 23 million birr, while another 878 units were repaired. This has improved the access to safe water from 51% to 61% of the Zone's inhabitants.
Hyposidra apioleuca
Hyposidra apioleuca is a geometer moth in the Ennominae subfamily. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. The species prefers lower montane forests at 1000-1200m, but has been collected as low as 500m and at 1930m.

Ennominae
Ennominae is the largest subfamily of the geometer moth family (Geometridae), with some 9,700 described species in 1,100 genera. Most species are fairly small, though some (such as the peppered moth) grow to be considerably large. This subfamily has a global distribution. It includes some species that are notorious defoliating pests. The subfamily was first described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1845.

The status of several tribes is debated. For example, the Boarmiini are sometimes massively expanded to include the Bistonini, Bupalini, Erannini, Gnophini, Melanolophini, Phaseliini and Theriini. The Nacophorini and perhaps the Campaeini might need to be merged with the Lithinini, and all three might warrant merging into the Ennomini. The group sometimes separated as Cassymini is tentatively included in the Abraxini here. The Alsophilinae, usually treated as a small subfamily in their own right, might simply be a specialized lineage of Boarmiini.
Shiekh Jana
Shiekh Jana is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Razar Tehsil
Razzar is a tehsil located in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Its administrative seat is located in Shewa Adda near Kalu Khan. It consists of different villages and union councils, including, Sheikh Jana, Yaqubi, Yar Hussain, Sudhir, Sardcheena,  Babo Dehri, Dobian, Kalukhan, Asota Sharif, Shewa, Kernal Sher Kallay  (Naudeh), Adina, Ismaila, Turlandi, Naranji, and Farmoli. The villages of Dagai, Taraki and Rashaki are also part of Razzar Tehsil.
La Nueva España (composition)
La Nueva España is a set of six symphonic poems by Lorenzo Ferrero written between 1990 and 1999, which is dedicated to the Spanish conquest of Mexico (once called the New Spain) in 1519–21. The suite can be considered a kind of preparatory study to the opera La Conquista (Prague National Theatre, 2005). This story—says the composer—is of great relevance and reminds us that cultural diversity is a precious asset that must not be squandered.

A typical performance lasts about one hour and ten minutes.

Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source. The German term Tondichtung (tone poem) appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt first applied the term Symphonische Dichtung to his 13 works in this vein, which commenced in 1848.
Häfeli DH-4
The Häfeli DH-4 was a Swiss fighter prototype in the late 1910s, build by the Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette. The DH-4 was a single-seat fighter based on the successful Häfeli DH-3 design. It was made of wood with fabric covering, and carried one machine gun.

Häfeli DH-3
The Häfeli DH-3 was a 1910 Swiss two-seat reconnaissance aircraft, built by the aircraft department of the Federal Construction Works (Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette, (K+W)) at Thun, Switzerland.
International Supermodified Association
The International Super Modified Association (ISMA) is a sanctioning body of short track auto racing in the United States. It is the largest sanctioning body of super modified racing, an open wheel discipline.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Geoffrey Ozin
Geoffrey Alan Stuart Ozin FRSC is a British chemist, currently Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Materials Chemistry and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Toronto. Ozin is the recipient of numerous awards for his research on nanomaterials, including the Meldola Medal and Prize in 1972 and the Rutherford Memorial Medal in 1982. He won the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2011, the Royal Society of Chemistry's Centenary Prize in 2015, and the Humboldt Prize in 2005 and 2019. He has co-founded three university spin-off companies: Torrovap in 1985, which manufactures metal vapor synthesis scientific instrumentation; Opalux in 2006, which develops tunable photonic crystals; and Solistra in 2019, which develops photocatalysts and photoreactors for hydrogen production from carbon dioxide and methane.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Minkowski content
The Minkowski content (named after Hermann Minkowski), or the boundary measure, of a set is a basic concept that uses concepts from geometry and measure theory to generalize the notions of length of a smooth curve in the plane, and area of a smooth surface in space, to arbitrary measurable sets.

It is typically applied to fractal boundaries of domains in the Euclidean space, but it can also be used in the context of general metric measure spaces.

It is related to, although different from, the Hausdorff measure.

Hermann Minkowski
Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, ETH Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, or Russian. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and elements of convex geometry, and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.

Minkowski is perhaps best known for his foundational work describing space and time as a four-dimensional space, now known as "Minkowski spacetime", which facilitated geometric interpretations of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905).
The Packers
The Packers were an American soul group formed by tenor saxophonist Charles "Packy" Axton, who was the son of Stax Records part-owner Estelle Axton. Axton was a former member of The Mar-Keys, as was Steve Cropper, who played on the group's first recording and hit, ostensibly recorded as a 'demo'. Cropper, a member of Booker T. Jones & The MGs and the Stax Records' session band, was also joined by Booker T. on piano and drummer Al Jackson for the recording, while Leon Haywood (on organ) was among those who also played on the group's records.

The Packers' first album, Hole in the Wall, reached #7 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart on the strength of the titular single, which reached #5 on the R&B Singles chart and #43 on the Billboard Hot 100. The short-lived Pure Soul label was specifically set up by Los Angeles disc-jockey, Magnificent Montague, who had arranged the recording session.

The Mar-Keys
The Mar-Keys, formed in 1958, were an American studio session band for Stax Records, in Memphis, Tennessee, in the 1960s. As the first house band for the label, their backing music formed the foundation for the early 1960s Stax sound.
2013 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 2013 New Zealand Grand Prix event for open wheel racing cars was held at Manfeild Autocourse near Feilding on 10 February 2013. It was the fifty-eighth New Zealand Grand Prix and was open to Toyota Racing Series cars. The event was also the third race of the fifth round of the 2013 Toyota Racing Series, the final race of the series.

Twenty Tatuus-Toyota cars started the race which was won by New Zealander Nick Cassidy for the second time in succession, a feat last achieved by Simon Wills who won the race back to back in 1998 and 1999.

The M2 Competition team dominated the race, filling all three podium positions. Briton Alex Lynn finished second, 0.7 seconds behind Cassidy. Third was Dutch driver Steijn Schothorst.

Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon
Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon (formerly Manfeild Autocourse) is a motor sport circuit located in Feilding, New Zealand. It was built by the Manawatu Car Club  in 1973 as a purpose-built course. In 1990 extra land was acquired and the circuit extension built, bringing Manfeild up to international standards. The circuit was renamed the Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon, in honour of former New Zealand Formula One driver Chris Amon, on 25 November 2016.
Producers Guild of America Visionary Award
The Producers Guild of America Visionary Award is awarded annually by the Producers Guild of America (PGA) at the Producers Guild of America Awards ceremonies to recognize television, film, or new media producers for their unique or uplifting contributions to our culture through inspiring storytelling or performance. The award category was instituted in 2001 and first awarded at the 13th Annual Producer Guild of America Awards, in March 2002.

13th Producers Guild of America Awards
The 13th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2002 Producers Guild Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2001, were held at The Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, California on March 3, 2002. The nominees were announced on January 10, 2002.