hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pankrác
Pankrác is a neighborhood of Prague, Czech Republic. It is located south of the city centre on the hills of the eastern bank of the Vltava River and is part of the Prague 4 municipal district, situated in the district of Nusle. Bordering districts are Krč on the south and southwest, Podolí on the west, Vyšehrad on the north and Michle on the east.

The name derives from the local baroque initially very old church of St Pancras (Pankrác in Czech), which is filial to the parish church of St. Wenceslas in Nusle. Pankrác is also a synonym for its prison, which lies within its borders.

Since the 1970s, several high-rise commercial buildings have been built in Pankrác Plain, and still others are being discussed amid some criticism that the skyline may threaten the historical character of Prague. Near the high-rise buildings is Centrální park (Central Park) with 4,8 ha, which is a place for recreation.

Prague 4
Prague 4, formally the Prague 4 Municipal District (Městská čast Praha 4), is a second-tier municipality in Prague. The administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 4 and Kunratice.

Prague 4 is located just south of Prague 2 and is the biggest municipality in Prague.  Most of this district consists of large estates of panelaks.  The district is also well connected to the motorway to Brno.
Port of Whitman County
The Port of Whitman County is a port authority in Whitman County in the U.S. state of Washington. It operates Port of Wilma on the Snake River near the Idaho state line (46°25′20″N 117°06′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.42222°N 117.10000°W﻿ / 46.42222; -117.10000), where it owned a grain elevator as of 1996. The port authority was created by voters in 1958.

Whitman County, Washington
Whitman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,973. The county seat is Colfax, and its largest city is Pullman.

The county was formed from Stevens County in 1871. It is named after Marcus Whitman, a Presbyterian missionary who, with his wife Narcissa, was killed in 1847 by members of the Cayuse tribe.

Whitman County comprises the Pullman, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Namura Shrine
Namura Shrine (苗村神社) is a Shinto shrine located in the town of  Ryūō, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The shrine has many structures from the Muromachi period or older which are designated either National Treasures (NT) or Important Cultural Properties (ICP). Although the shrine holds annual festivals, the shrine's main festival is held only once every 33 years.

Important Cultural Property (Japan)
An Important Cultural Property (重要文化財, jūyō bunkazai) is an item officially classified as Tangible Cultural Property by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and judged to be of particular importance to the history, arts, and culture of the Japanese people.
2019 Patriot League men's soccer tournament
The 2019 Patriot League men's soccer tournament was the 30th edition of the Patriot League Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Patriot League champion as well as the conference's automatic berth into the 2019 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament. The tournament began on November 9 and concluded on November 16, 2019.

The defending champions, Colgate, were eliminated in the first round by eventual runners-up, Lafayette. Lehigh won the championship, 1–0, over Lafayette to claim their third Patriot League Tournament championship. There, Lehigh earned the conference's automatic bit in the NCAA Tournament. There, they were eliminated by Pittsburgh in the opening round.

Patriot League men's soccer tournament
The Patriot League men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in college soccer for the Patriot League.  The tournament has been held every year since 1990. It is a single-elimination tournament with seeding based on conference records and the regular-season champion hosting the semifinal and final matches. The field expanded from four to six teams when the league increased membership from eight to ten universities in 2013. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship.

Colgate and Lafayette have won the most conference titles with 8 each.
Taffy (candy)
Taffy is a type of candy invented in the United States, made by stretching or pulling a sticky mass of a soft candy base, made of boiled sugar, butter, vegetable oil, flavorings, and colorings, until it becomes aerated (tiny air bubbles produced), resulting in a light, fluffy and chewy candy. When this process is complete, the taffy is rolled, cut into small pieces and wrapped in wax paper to keep it soft. It is usually pastel-colored and fruit-flavored, but other flavors are common as well, including molasses and the "classic" (unflavored) taffy.

Glycerol
Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/) is a sugar alcohol with chemical formula C3H5(OH)3. It has three carbon atoms and as many hydroxyl groups. It is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid at Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP). Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.

The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides, where one or more of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with fatty acids. The most abundant of glycerides are triglycerides (found in animal fats and vegetable oils), the form in which glycerol is most commonly found in nature. It is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations.

Modern use of the word glycerine (alternatively spelled glycerin) refers to commercial preparations of less than 100% purity, typically 95% glycerol.
Doctrine of foreign equivalents
This article discusses the trademark doctrine regarding translation of foreign words. For the patent doctrine regarding equivalent means to practice an invention, see Doctrine of equivalents.

The doctrine of foreign equivalents is a rule applied in United States trademark law which requires courts and the TTAB to translate foreign words in determining whether they are registrable as trademarks, or confusingly similar with existing marks. The doctrine is intended to protect consumers within the United States from confusion or deception caused by the use of terms in different languages. In some cases, a party will use a word as a mark which is either generic or merely descriptive of the goods in a foreign language, or which shares the same meaning as an existing mark to speakers of that foreign language.

Doctrine of equivalents
The doctrine of equivalents is a legal rule in many (but not all) of the world's patent systems that allows a court to hold a party liable for patent infringement if the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim but is nevertheless equivalent to the claimed invention. In the United States, Judge Learned Hand has described its purpose as being "to temper unsparing logic and prevent an infringer from stealing the benefit of the invention."
Sandy Run (Wissahickon Creek tributary)
Sandy Run is a second-order stream (according to the Strahler stream order) that is a tributary to the Wissahickon Creek at Fort Washington State Park. The headwaters are in Dresher and Roslyn, Pennsylvania, and the stream flows west for approximately 6 miles (9.7 km). The stream follows through Abington, Upper Dublin, Springfield, and Whitemarsh Townships; and flows through several golf courses, including Sandy Run Country Club, Lu Lu Country Club, and Manufacturers Country Club. This creek can be fished in some places, mainly between Manufacturer's Country Club and the Wissahickon Creek. Fish that inhabit this creek include Sunfish, Carp, Smallmouth and Largemouth Bass, Catfish, and several other species.

Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Dublin Township is an affluent township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,665 at the 2020 census. Until the 1950s, Upper Dublin was mostly farmland and open space, but transitioned to a residential suburb during the postwar population boom. The population went from just over 6,000 residents in the 1950s to just under 20,000 by 1970. Today, Upper Dublin is mostly spread-out development housing, and has the fourth highest median income in Montgomery County.

Upper Dublin is made up of several community areas, many of which are unincorporated areas in Montgomery County with no legal status, and are used primarily by the US Postal Service. These community areas are portions of Ambler (19002) (excluding the Borough of Ambler), Dresher (19025), Fort Washington (19034), Jarrettown (19025), Maple Glen (19002), and small portions of Abington (19001), Ardsley (19038), North Hills (19038), Oreland (19075), and Willow Grove (19090).
Permeability (foundry sand)
Permeability is a property of foundry sand with respect to how well the sand can vent, i.e. how well gases pass through the sand. And in other words, permeability is the property by which we can know the ability of material to transmit fluid/gases. The permeability is commonly tested to see if it is correct for the casting conditions.

Casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy equipment like machine tool beds, ships' propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required size, rather than fabricating by joining several small pieces. Casting is a 7,000-year-old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.
Giuseppe Schirò
Giuseppe Schirò (Arbërisht: Zef Skiroi; 10 August 1865 – 17 February 1927) was an Italian neo-classical poet, linguist, publicist and folklorist of Arbëresh descent. His literary work marked the transition from the Arbëresh language to modern Albanian literature in Italy. He was a major protagonist of the Rilindja, the Albanian cultural awakening or Albanian Renaissance, in Italy.

Robert Elsie
Robert Elsie (June 29, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was a Canadian-born German scholar who specialized in Albanian literature and folklore.

Elsie was a writer, translator, interpreter, and specialist in Albanian studies, being the author of numerous books and articles that focused on various aspects of Albanian culture and affairs.
Rubus glaucifolius
Rubus glaucifolius is a North American species of wild raspberry known by the common name San Diego raspberry. It is native to Oregon and California, where it grows in mountain forests.

Rubus glaucifolius is a tangling shrub with very slender, lightly prickly stem spreading and branching outward. The leaves are each made up of usually three lobed, toothed leaflets, sometimes five. Each leaflet is veined and wrinkly in texture, white on the underside because of a waxy coating along the surface, and up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or an array of a few flowers with five reflexed sepals and five white petals each about half a centimeter long. The fruit is a lightly hairy red raspberry.

Raspberry
The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems.

World production of raspberries in 2023 was 940,979 tonnes, led by Russia with 23% of the total. Raspberries are cultivated across northern Europe and North America and are consumed in various ways, including as whole fruit and in preserves, cakes, pastries, ice cream, and liqueurs.
Gregor McLennan
Gregor McLennan (born 21 October 1952) is a British sociologist and a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences. 
He studied under Stuart Hall at the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in the 1970s and continued to work with Hall at the Open University during the 1980s, co-editing several key texts on politics, ideology and crime. From 1991 to 1997 he was Head of the Department of Sociology at Massey University. In 1997 he assumed the Established Chair in Sociology at the University of Bristol, where he was also Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies. He is currently professor emeritus.

McLennan is known for his works on postcolonialism and postsecularism. He is also a Trustee of the Stuart Hall Foundation and edited Hall's Selected Writings on Marxism for Duke University Press in 2021.

Academy of Social Sciences
The Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS) is a representative body for social sciences in the United Kingdom. The academy promotes social science through its sponsorship of the Campaign for Social Science, its links with Government on a variety of matters, and its own policy work in issuing public comment, responding to official consultations, and organising meetings and events about social science. It confers the title of Fellow upon nominated social scientists following a process of peer review. The academy comprises over 1000 fellows and 41 learned societies based in the UK and Europe.
Miss Grand Chile 2022
Miss Grand Chile 2022 was the fourth edition of the Miss Grand Chile pageant, held on May 28, 2022, at the Criss Chacana Model Agency, Iquique. COntestants from 9 cities competed for the title. Of whom the representative of Las Condes, Karina Pérez Gres, was announced the winner. She then represented Chile at the Miss Grand International 2022 pageant held on October 25 in Indonesia, but got a non-placement.

Miss Grand International 2022
Miss Grand International 2022 was the 10th Miss Grand International pageant, held at the Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, on 25 October 2022.

At the end of the event, Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên of Vietnam crowned Isabella Menin of Brazil as Miss Grand International 2022. It is the first victory of Brazil in the pageant.

Contestants from sixty-eight countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Thai television personality Matthew Deane. Indonesian singer Rossa performed in this year's pageant.
Tujjar as-Sultan
Tujjār as-Sultān (Arabic: تجّار السلطان, lit. "Merchants of the Sultan") were an elite group of official Jewish merchants in the service of the sultan of Morocco, responsible for much of the kingdom's long-distance trade. The institution of Tujjār as-Sultān was established in the Saadi period (1510–1659). Men such as Joseph Toledano, Meʾir Maqnīn, and Samuel Pallache also served the Makhzen in diplomatic roles.

Makhzen
Makhzen (Arabic: المخزن, Moroccan Arabic: لمخزن, Berber languages: ⵍⵎⴻⵅⵣⴻⵏ, romanized: Lmexzen) is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the monarch and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment. The term "Makhzen" is also popularly used in Morocco as a word meaning "State" or "Government".
Lichenopeltella santessonii
Lichenopeltella santessonii is a species of lichenicolous fungus (a fungus that grows on lichens) belonging to the class Dothideomycetes.  It forms small, dark fruiting bodies on various lichen species, primarily those in the genus Peltigera, and has been documented in several Nordic countries including Finland, Sweden and Iceland. The fungus can be distinguished from related species by its larger spore-producing structures and spores.

Peltigera canina
Peltigera canina, commonly known as the dog lichen, is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow transferred it to the genus Peltigera in 1787. This species is currently undergoing research as it is likely multiple species under one united name.
2027 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2027 Men's EuroHockey Championship will be the 21st edition of the Men's EuroHockey Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation. This will be the first edition since 2003 with 12 teams participating, it will have a new format.

The tournament will be held alongside the women's tournament at two venues in London, England in the Summer of 2027. The preliminary rounds and the quarter-finals will be held at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre and the semi-finals and finals will be held at Twickenham Stoop. It will be the third time England will host the Men's EuroHockey Championship and the second time it will be held in London. The winner will qualify for the 2028 Summer Olympics.

2003 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 2003 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the ninth edition of the Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, the quadrennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 1 until 13 September 2003 in Barcelona, Spain.

This was the last EuroHockey Nations Championship with 12 teams. The 4 teams ending 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th were relegated to the EuroHockey Nations Trophy. The 8 remaining teams played in the 2005 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship. The tournament also served as a direct qualifier for the 2004 Summer Olympics, with the winner Germany qualifying.

Three-time defending champions Germany won their sixth overall title by defeating the hosts Spain 5–4 in penalty strokes after the match finished 1–1 after extra time. England won the bronze medal by defeating the Netherlands 6–5 in penalty strokes after the match finished 1–1 after extra time.
Mélophone
The mélophone is a portable free reed instrument first constructed by Parisian watchmaker Pierre Charles Leclerc in 1837. After persuasion from Leclerc, composer Fromental Halévy included the instrument in his 1838 opera, Guido et Ginevra and briefly popularized the instrument. However, by 1855, the novelty had worn off and the instrument faded into relative obscurity.

Free reed aerophone
A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows. In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, it is number 412.13 (a member of interruptive free aerophones). Free reed instruments are contrasted with non-free or enclosed reed instruments, where the timbre is fully or partially dependent on the shape of the instrument body, Hornbostel–Sachs number: 42 (flute, reed, and brass).
Illinois circuit courts
The Illinois circuit courts are state courts of the judiciary of Illinois. They are trial courts of original and general jurisdiction. As of 2024, outside of Cook County which has its own circuit court, there are 24 numbered circuits, which may include one or more counties of Illinois—the numbering of the circuits is based on when they were created, generally new higher numbers go to circuits that were later created from out of the lower numbered circuit courts.

McHenry County, Illinois
McHenry County is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 Census, it had a population of 310,229, making it the sixth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Woodstock. McHenry County is one of the five Illinois collar counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Long known as a center of recreation along with agriculture in the western portion, it has recently experienced rapid rates of suburbanization, exurbanization and urbanization, but the western segment of the county remains primarily agricultural and rural.
Bass Coast Shire
The Bass Coast Shire is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the southeastern part of the state. It covers an area of 866 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 35,327. It includes the towns of Bass, Cape Paterson, Cape Woolamai, Corinella, Coronet Bay, Cowes, Inverloch, Kilcunda, Lang Lang, Newhaven, Rhyll, San Remo, Summerlands and Wonthaggi as well as the historic locality of Krowera. It also includes the popular tourist destination Phillip Island.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Bass Coast Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is the council headquarters in Wonthaggi, with other service centres located in Cowes, Grantville and Inverloch. The Shire is named after its most precious asset, the coasts of Bass Strait and Western Port.

Summerlands, Victoria
Summerlands is a locality and group of former residential subdivisions on Phillip Island in Victoria, Australia, located in the south-west corner of the island, close to a little penguin breeding colony. In 1985, the Victorian government decided that, to protect the penguin rookery, further development of the subdivision would be prohibited and all the properties would be progressively purchased by the state. Summerlands beach is one of four beaches that forms part of the National Surfing Reserve on the island, along with Smiths Beach, Cape Woolamai and Cat Bay.
Hajj Rajab
Hajj Rajab (Persian: حاج رجب, also Romanized as Ḩājj Rajab; also known as Ḩājjī Rajab and Kalāteh-ye Ḩājjī Rajab) is a village in Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District, in the Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 30 families.

Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District
Qaleh-ye Bala Rural District (Persian: دهستان قلعه بالا) is in Farah Dasht District of Kashmar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jordavi, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 931 people in 269 households. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh-ye Bala.
Clovenfords
Clovenfords is a village in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, 1 mile (2 kilometres) north of the hamlet of Caddonfoot and 4 miles (6 kilometres) west of the town Galashiels. The village sits on undulating grasslands and surrounding rolling hills. The 2011 census gave it a population count of 562 people.

Galashiels
Galashiels, (/ˌɡæləˈʃiːlz/; Scots: Gallae; Scottish Gaelic: An Geal Àth) colloquially known as Gala, is a town in the Scottish Borders with a population of around 10,060. The town is a major commercial centre for the Borders region with extensive history in the textile industry. Galashiels is the location of Heriot-Watt University's School of Textiles and Design.
Carl Fehrman
Carl Abraham Daniel Fehrman (3 February 1915, in Lund – 24 May 2010, in Lund) was a Swedish literary historian. He was appointed professor at the University of Lund from 1958 to 1980. Among his works is Forskning i förvandling from 1972. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 2006. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.