hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debatosh Guha
Debatosh Guha (Bengali:দেবতোষ গুহ ) is an Indian researcher and educator. He is a Professor at the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics at the Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta. He is Indian National Academy of Engineering INAE Chair Professor and also served Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Khargapur) as HAL Chair Professor (2015-2016) and the National Institute of Technology Jaipur as an Adjunct faculty (2023-2025).

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
Oxford Capacity Analysis
The Oxford Capacity Analysis (OCA), also known as the American Personality Analysis, is a list of questions which is advertised as being a personality test and that is administered for free by the Church of Scientology as part of its recruitment process. The organization offers the test online, at its local sites, and sometimes at local fairs, carnivals, and in other public settings. It has no relation to the University of Oxford, although the name may have been chosen to imply a link.

The test is an important part of Scientology recruitment and is used worldwide by the Church of Scientology to attract new members. However, it is not a scientifically recognized test and has been criticized by numerous psychology organizations, who point out that it is not a genuine personality test and that Scientology recruiters use it in a highly manipulative and unethical fashion.

E-meter
The E-Meter (also electropsychometer and Hubbard Electrometer) is an electronic device used in Scientology that allegedly "registers emotional reactions". After claims by L. Ron Hubbard that the procedures of auditing, which used the E-Meter, could help heal diseases, the E-Meter became the subject of litigation. Since then, the Church of Scientology publishes disclaimers declaring that the E-Meter "by itself does nothing", is incapable of improving health, and is used solely for spiritual purposes.
History of the HCMC Metro
The history of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro (HCMC Metro) includes early plans for the Ho Chi Minh City Metro which ultimately did not go ahead. The current plans which began construction in 2012 is an evolution of the earlier proposals.

Thủ Thiêm New Urban Area
Thủ Thiêm New Urban Area (Vietnamese: Khu đô thị mới Thủ Thiêm) is an 6.57 km2 (1,620-acre) ongoing urban redevelopment project in the former District 2 and subsequently Thủ Đức City, now An Khánh ward of Ho Chi Minh City. It is currently under development. As of 2025, the area is proposed to be the new seat of government for the expanded Ho Chi Minh City.
Smooth deep-sea skate
The smooth deep-sea skate (Brochiraja asperula) is a skate in the family Arhynchobatidae. It is found off New Zealand, at depths of from 200 to 1,300 m (660 to 4,270 ft) on the continental shelf.  Their length is from 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in).

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
Cardiocephaloides
Cardiocephaloides is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Strigeidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Cardiocephaloides brandesii (Szidat, 1928)

Cardiocephaloides hillii (Johnston, 1904)

Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Rudolphi, 1819)

Cardiocephaloides medioconiger (Dubois & Perez-Vigueras, 1949)

Cardiocephaloides megaloconus (Cable, Connor & Balling, 1960)

Cardiocephaloides physalis (Lutz, 1927)

Cardiocephaloides longicollis
Cardiocephaloides longicollis is a species of flukes. The life cycle of C. longicollis is asexual as well as complex. Its asexual stage resides in the body of whelks where it replicates many times, and eventually its eggs are dispersed in the water through feces. C.longicollis begin their early life as free swimming miracidia larvae in the water. They go on to infect snails (intermediate host), and a variety of fishes, usually second intermediate host, in the form of a cercariae. While C.longicollis has previously been recorded in 19 fish species, researchers have found 12 other species which are viable hosts for C.longicollis making for a grand total of 31 aquatic species. The final host for this parasite are the gulls that eat the infected fish in which the parasite has formed cysts in.
Ziyang, Yiyang
Ziyang District (simplified Chinese: 资阳区; traditional Chinese: 資陽區; pinyin: Zīyáng Qū) is one of two districts in Yiyang City, Hunan Province, China. The district is located on the northern bank of Zi River and on the southern bank of the Dongting Lake. It is bordered to the north by Yuanjiang City and Hanshou County, to the west by Taojiang County, to the south by Heshan District, and to the east by Xiangyin County.

Ziyang District covers an area of 571.8 km2 (220.8 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a permanent resident population of 421,000. The district has two subdistricts, five towns and a township under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Damatou Subdistrict (大码头街道).

Xiangyin County
Xiangyin County (simplified Chinese: 湘阴县; traditional Chinese: 湘陰縣; pinyin: Xiāngyīn Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, under the administration of Yueyang City. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Dongting, the Xiang River runs south to north through the middle lands of the county, the Zi River merges into Dongting in the westeastern margin. Xiangyin is bordered by Yueyang County, Yuanjiang City to the north, Heshan District of Yiyang to the west, Wangcheng District of Changsha to the south, and Miluo City to the east. It has an area of 1,581.5 km2 (610.6 sq mi) with a population of roughly 770,000. The county is divided into 14 township-level divisions with the county seat at Wenxing Town.
Architecture of Hong Kong
The architecture of Hong Kong features great emphasis on contemporary architecture, especially Modernism, Postmodernism, and Functionalism. Due to the lack of available land, few historical buildings remain in the urban areas of Hong Kong. Therefore, Hong Kong has become a centre for modern architecture as older buildings are cleared away to make space for newer, larger buildings. It has more buildings above 35m (or 100m) and more skyscrapers above 150m than any other city. Hong Kong's skyline is often considered to be the best in the world, with the mountains and Victoria Harbour complementing the skyscrapers.

HSBC Building (Hong Kong)
HSBC Main Building is a headquarters building of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which is today a wholly owned subsidiary of London-based HSBC Holdings. It is located on the southern side of Statue Square near the location of the old City Hall, Hong Kong (built in 1869, demolished in 1933). The previous HSBC building was built in 1935 and pulled down to make way for the current building. The address remains as 1 Queen's Road Central (the north facing side of the building was served by Des Voeux Road Central, which was the seashore, making Queen's Road the main entrance, in contrast to the current primary access coming from Des Voeux Road).
Nanded earthquakes
The Nanded earthquakes were an earthquake swarm of over 500 events that has affected the town of Nanded in Maharashtra, India, that began in 2006. They were natural explosive sounds that were sometimes accompanied by mild tremors. The strongest events were felt on 31 March 2007, 12 November 2007, 14 December 2007, and on 3 March 2011. Each event caused widespread panic. Residents in the northern parts of Nanded that has been affected the most by the tremors moved to safer areas or stayed outdoors in temporary shelters in front of their homes.

Nanded
Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred from him to Guru Granth Sahib. One of the  Panj Takhts of Sikhi, Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here that Guru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom became Banda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of the Khalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of the Mughal Empire.
Turnberry Lighthouse
Turnberry Lighthouse, or Turnberry Point Lighthouse, is a category B listed minor light on the South Ayrshire coast of Scotland. It was designed by David and Thomas Stevenson and completed in 1873. It is a conspicuous landmark when seen from the Ayrshire Coastal Path and the Trump Turnberry golf resort.

Northern Lighthouse Board
The Northern Lighthouse Board (NLB) is the general lighthouse authority for Scotland and the Isle of Man. It is a non-departmental public body responsible for marine navigation aids around coastal areas.
Track brake
A magnetic track brake (Mg brake) is a brake for rail vehicles. It consists of brake magnets, pole shoes, a suspension, a power transmission and, in the case of mainline railroads, a track rod. When current flows through the magnet coil, the magnet is attracted to the rail, which presses the pole shoes against the rail, thereby decelerating the vehicle.

While brakes such as disc brakes or shoe brakes depend on the frictional connection between wheel and rail, the magnetic track brake acts directly on the rail. Therefore, its brake effect is not limited by wheel-rail contact. Thus, environmental factors such as wetness or contamination of the rail have less influence on the brake force.

Railway brake
A railway brake is a type of brake used on the cars of railway trains to enable deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them immobile when parked. While the basic principle is similar to that on road vehicle usage, operational features are more complex because of the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be effective on vehicles left without a prime mover. Clasp brakes are one type of brakes historically used on trains.
Judge Dredd (IDW Publishing)
Judge Dredd is a comic book series by American company IDW Publishing, based on the character of Judge Dredd from the British comic magazines 2000 AD and Judge Dredd Megazine. The series is made up of an ongoing series, Judge Dredd, and occasionally a miniseries. There is also a third series, titled Judge Dredd - Classics, which is a republishing, in color, of the original British stories and is not part of the IDW continuity.

2000 AD (comics)
2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-oriented comic magazine. As a comics anthology it serialises stories in each issue (known as "progs") and was first published by IPC Magazines in 1977, the first issue dated 26 February. Since 2000, it has been published by Rebellion Developments.

2000 AD is most noted for its Judge Dredd stories, and has been contributed to by a number of artists and writers who became renowned in the field internationally, such as Alan Moore, Dave Gibbons, Grant Morrison, Brian Bolland, Mike McMahon, John Wagner, Alan Grant and Garth Ennis. Other series in 2000 AD include Rogue Trooper, Sláine, The Ballad of Halo Jones, Strontium Dog, ABC Warriors, Nemesis the Warlock and Nikolai Dante.
2008 America East Conference baseball tournament
The 2008 America East Conference baseball tournament took place from May 22 through 24 at Farmingdale State Baseball Stadium in Farmingdale, New York. The top four regular season finishers of the league's seven teams qualified for the double-elimination tournament. In the championship game, second-seeded Stony Brook defeated first-seeded Binghamton, 6-0, to win its second tournament championship. As a result, Stony Brook received the America East's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA tournament.

America East Conference baseball tournament
The America East Conference baseball tournament, officially known as the America East Conference baseball championship, is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I America East Conference. The top six finishers in the regular season of the conference's seven teams advance to the double-elimination tournament, which rotates among the home fields of each conference member. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship. The format has changed over the years between a six-team and four-team formats. Beginning in 2009, the conference allowed schools to host the championship on fields without lights.
46th New York State Legislature
The 46th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to April 24, 1823, during the first year of Joseph C. Yates's governorship, in Albany.

Tompkins County, New York
Tompkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,740. The county seat is Ithaca. The name is in honor of Daniel D. Tompkins, who served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Tompkins County comprises the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Cornell University, Ithaca College and Tompkins Cortland Community College.
Memi Alan
Memi Alan (Kurdish: Mem û Zîn/Memî Alan û Zînî Buhtan (Mem and Zin) is a Kurdish drama that was directed by Nasir Hassan and shown by the Kurdish satellite TV station Kurdistan TV during Ramadan 2002. Mem û Zîn is a famous novel which was written by Ahmad Khani in 1694. It is the most important work of Kurdish writer and poet Ahmad Khani (1651-1707). Mam and Zin is based on a true story.

Ehmedê Xanî
Ehmedê Xanî (also Ahmad-e Khani, Kurdo-Arabic script: ئەحمەدێ خانی) was a Kurdish intellectual, scholar, mystic and poet who is viewed by some as the founder of Kurdish nationalism. He was born in the Hakkâri region in 1650 and died in Bayazid in 1707.

Xanî's most important work is Mem and Zin, a long romantic epic which is sometimes viewed as the Kurdish national epic. It is the most famous work of Kurdish literature among both Kurds and non-Kurds. His other important works include Nûbihara Biçûkan, a versified Arabic-Kurdish vocabulary, and Eqîdeya Îmanê, a religious poem. These works were studied in Kurdish schools from the time of Khani towards the 1930s.

Xanî admired the Kurmanji poets Melayê Cizîrî and Feqiyê Teyran. Joyce Blau called him the spiritual son of Cizîrî, Teyran and Ali Hariri.
Yōgaiyama Castle
Yōgaiyama Castle (要害山城, Yōgaiyama-jō) was a Sengoku period yamajiro located in Kai Province (present day Yamanashi Prefecture), constructed in the 1520s by the Takeda clan. Since 1991, the ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1938. The castle is also known as the Sekisuiyama Castle (積翠山城, Sekisuiyama-jō).

Takeda clan
The Takeda clan (武田氏, Takeda-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of Takeda Shingen, one of the most famous rulers of the period.
Trachypepla festiva
Trachypepla festiva is a moth of the family Oecophoridae and was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1930. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been collected in the northern parts of the North Island.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Sathodi Falls
Sathoddi Falls is a waterfall located in the Western Ghats, Uttara Kannada District Located 32 km (20 mi) from Yellapur and 74 km (46 mi) from Sirsi. It is about 15 metres (49.2 feet) tall. The stream then flows into the backwaters of the Kodasalli Dam, into the Kali River.

Kodasalli Dam
Kodasalli Dam is built across the Kali River (Kalinadi) in Yellapura taluk of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. This dam was built by Karnataka Power Corporation Limited. This electric power generating station is classified as hydroelectric power station. It also is a major source of irrigation.

The Rural crop production in Yellapura is completely dependent on the water of Kodasalli Dam. it is a major source of water for farming and other related works.
2024 Women's Softball World Cup squads
The 2024 Women's Softball World Cup is an international softball tournament held in Italy, Ireland and Spain. The group stage runs from 11 to 26 July 2023. The 18 national teams involved in the tournament are required to register a squad of 16 players. Only players in these squads are eligible to take part in the tournament.

Group A squads were confirmed by WBSC on 10 July 2023.

2024 Women's Softball World Cup
The 2024 Women's Softball World Cup was the 18th Women's Softball World Cup, an international softball tournament taking place in Balbriggan, Ireland; Buttrio and Castions di Strada, Italy and Valencia, Spain. The group stage took place from 11–26 July 2023, held as three separate groups across three nations. The finals took place in Buttrio and Castions di Strada, Italy from 15–20 July 2024. This was the first WBSC event to be held in two stages. It was the first time Ireland, Italy and Spain had hosted a major softball tournament. It also was the first time more than one nation hosted the tournament.
Siege of Hazarajat
The siege of Hazarajat began in November 1996 and ended in May–July 1996 by the moto of ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras it ended by anti-Taliban uprisings the uprisings were inspired by the revolt in Mazar-i-Sharif In ten weeks of fighting between May and July, the Taliban suffered over 3,000 killed or wounded, and some 3,600 became POWs The morale of the Taliban plummeted after early defeats in the Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–1998), as they sought to replenish their losses by recruiting from the madrasas in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–1998)
The Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif were a series of engagements fought during the Third Afghan Civil War between the forces of Abdul Malik Pahlawan and his Hazara allies, Junbish-e Milli, and the Taliban, from May 1997 to August 1998.
Whitehead conjecture
The Whitehead conjecture (also known as the Whitehead asphericity conjecture) is a claim in algebraic topology. It was formulated by J. H. C. Whitehead in 1941. It states that every connected subcomplex of a two-dimensional aspherical CW complex is aspherical.

A group presentation  is called aspherical if the two-dimensional CW complex  associated with this presentation is aspherical or, equivalently, if . The Whitehead conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture that every sub-presentation of an aspherical presentation is aspherical.

In 1997, Mladen Bestvina and Noel Brady constructed a group G so that either G is a counterexample to the Eilenberg–Ganea conjecture, or there must be a counterexample to the Whitehead conjecture; in other words, it is not possible for both conjectures to be true.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
Incheon National University station
Incheon National University Station is a subway station on Line 1 of the Incheon Subway in Yeonsu District, Incheon, South Korea. It has four exits connecting it to Incheon National University, nearby hotels, and the east side of Songdo Central Park.

Songdo Central Park
Songdo Central Park (Korean: 송도 센트럴파크; 송도 중앙공원) is a public park in the Songdo district of Incheon, South Korea. The park is the centerpiece of Songdo IBD's green space plan, inspired by New York City's Central Park. Central Park is a public zone in the center of Korea's first international city, covering 101 acres (41 hectares); the park covers almost 10% of Songdo IBD’s total area. It serves to connect to various civic and cultural destinations by providing a seawater canal that refreshes itself every 24 hours.
Car tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort.

As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car.

Custom car
A custom car is a passenger vehicle that has been altered to improve its performance, change its aesthetics, or both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own." A custom car in British usage, according to Collins English Dictionary, is built to the buyer's own specifications.

Custom cars are not to be confused with coachbuilt automobiles, historically rolling chassis fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty auto body builders.
Jean-Jacques Nattiez
Jean-Jacques Nattiez OC CQ FRSC (French: [natje]; born December 30, 1945) is a French musicologist and ethnomusicologist active in Canada, who is seminal figure in music semiology. He has been a Professor of musicology at the Université de Montréal since 1972.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)