hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus pragensis
Aspergillus pragensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Candidi section. The species was first described in 2014. It has been reported to produce chlorflavonin, polar compound X, terphenyllin, 3-hydroxyterphenyllin, chlorflavonin, metabolite, 6-epi-stephacidin A, and terphenyllin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
The Plains Vintage Railway & Historical Museum
The Plains Vintage Railway & Historical Museum is a heritage railway and recreated historic village in the Tinwald Domain, Tinwald, New Zealand. The railway (operating as The Plains Railway) runs on approximately three kilometres (1.9 mi) of rural railway line that was once part of the Mount Somers Branch. The village and railway are open regularly to the public. The railway utilises preserved and restored locomotives and rolling stock once used on New Zealand's national railway network, while the village shows visitors how life was lived in New Zealand's pioneering past.

Marshall, Sons & Co.
Marshall, Sons & Co. was a British agricultural machinery manufacturer founded in 1848. The company was based in the Britannia Iron Works, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. Early production was of steam engines and agricultural machinery. Later production included diesel tractors such as the Field Marshall, Track Marshall and former Leyland wheeled tractors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo (c. 140–208), courtesy name Yuanhua, was a Chinese physician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. Historical texts, such as Records of the Three Kingdoms and Book of the Later Han record Hua Tuo as having been the first person in China to use anaesthesia during surgery. He used a general anaesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (麻沸散; literally "cannabis boil powder"). Besides being respected for his expertise in surgery and anaesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and medical daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (五禽戲; literally "Exercise of the Five Animals") from studying the movements of the tiger, deer, bear, ape and crane.

Lionel Giles
Lionel Giles CBE (29 December 1875 – 22 January 1958) was a British sinologist, writer, and philosopher. Lionel Giles served as assistant curator at the British Museum and Keeper of the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books. He is most notable for his 1910 translations of The Art of War by Sun Tzu and The Analects of Confucius.

Giles was the son of British diplomat and sinologist Herbert Giles.
Ober-Ramstadt
Ober-Ramstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐ ˈʁamʃtat], lit. 'Upper Ramstadt', in contrast to "Lower Ramstadt") is a town in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district, in Hessen, Germany. It is situated 9 km southeast of Darmstadt. As of 2020, its population was 15,127.

Darmstadt-Dieburg
Darmstadt-Dieburg is a Kreis (district) in the south of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Offenbach, Aschaffenburg, Miltenberg, Odenwaldkreis, Bergstraße, Groß-Gerau, and the district-free city of Darmstadt, which it surrounds.
Donegal on Sunday
Donegal on Sunday was a local tabloid newspaper published in County Donegal, Ireland. It launched in March 2004 as an edition of the Sunday Journal, published by the Derry Journal. Originally called the Sunday Democrat, it was based in Letterkenny. It was part of the only local paper in Ireland to be published on a Sunday with a circulation of 6,691 in 2007.  Both the Donegal Democrat and the Donegal People's Press are sister papers of Donegal on Sunday through Derry Journal Newspapers, a holding company of Johnston Press.

By 2012, sales had fallen to 3,547 copies per issue, and the newspaper was closed.

Sunday Journal
The Sunday Journal is a local newspaper published in Derry, Northern Ireland, that was launched in March 2004 as part of the Derry Journal newspaper group. The paper is the only local paper on the island of Ireland to be published on a Sunday, with a current circulation of 2,568. Although an edition of the paper is sold in County Donegal, the Derry edition of the Sunday Journal is still popular on the Inishowen Peninsula and in East Donegal. The paper is a sister publication of the bi-weekly Derry Journal and Donegal Democrat/Donegal People's Press in the Republic, through the National World company. The paper continues the mild nationalist editorial policy of the Derry Journal.
The paper is staffed by Derry-born journalist, Andrew Quinn, and County Donegal-born journalist Ellen Barr.
Sheriffs Act 1887
The Sheriffs Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 55) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated for England and Wales enactments relating to sheriffs and repealed from 1275 to 1881 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress. The act also gave sheriffs the right to arrest those resisting a warrant (posse comitatus).

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
Okhotnykove
Okhotnykove (Ukrainian: Охотникове; Russian: Охотниково, romanized: Okhotnikovo), known officially until 1948 by its Crimean Tatar name of Cağa Quşçu (Ukrainian: Джага-Кущи, romanized: Dzhaha-Kushchy; Russian: Джага́-Кущу́, romanized: Dzhaga-Kushchu) is a village in Crimea, a peninsula internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but occupied by Russia since 2014. It is currently administered as part of Saky Raion.

Saky Raion
Saky Raion (Ukrainian: Сакський район, Russian: Сакский район, Crimean Tatar: Saq rayonı) is one of the 25 regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Its administrative center is the city of Saky, which is not a part of the district. Population: 76,489 (2014 Census).

The district includes the urban-type settlement of Novofedorivka.
Wu-Ling Senior High School
The Taoyuan Municipal Wu-Ling Senior High School (the hyphen is usually omitted, Chinese: 桃園市立武陵高級中學; pinyin: táo yuán shì lì wǔ líng gāo jí zhōng xué, abbreviation: WLSH) is a secondary school in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, providing education ranging from 9th to 12th grade. The school was founded in 1955 as a program for high schools in the Taipei city to evacuate to in case of possible wars and airstrikes. Given the dramatic sub urbanization and increases in both population and economical power of Taoyuan, the school has thus gained its independence in 1959.

Wuling is the high school with the highest entrance score in Taoyuan since 1959. Nation-wise, Wuling is the 6th most common Alma mater for National Taiwan University freshmen in 2017.  In general, a large portion of graduates go on to attend universities both national and worldwide every year.

National Wu-ling Senior high school has held a student yearly exchange programme with Ozenne High School, Toulouse, France since 2009.

April Fools' Day
April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (rarely called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on the 1st of April consisting of practical jokes, hoaxes, and pranks. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.
Stankovo, Brežice
Stankovo (pronounced [stanˈkɔːʋo] or [stanˈkoːʋo]) is a village in the hills south of Velike Malence in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Parish of Čatež ob Savi. It dates to the 17th century with a mid-19th-century belfry.

Čatež ob Savi
Čatež ob Savi (pronounced [ˈtʃaːtɛʃ ɔp ˈsaːʋi]; German: Tschatesch) is a village on the right bank of the Sava River at its confluence with the Krka River in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide
4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4-PTSC) is a thiosemicarbazide used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide. It also possesses antibacterial properties attributed to electron delocalization in the thiosemicarbazide moiety.

Thiosemicarbazide
Thiosemicarbazide is the chemical compound with the formula H2NC(S)NHNH2.  A white, odorless solid, it is related to thiourea (H2NC(S)NH2) by the insertion of an NH center.  They are commonly used as ligands for transition metals. Many thiosemicarbazides are known.  These feature an organic substituent in place of one or more H's of the parent molecule. 4-Methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide is a simple example.

According to X-ray crystallography, the CSN3 core of the molecule is almost planar as are the three H atoms nearest the thiocarbonyl group.   This can be explained by models of electron delocalisation.
Reducing subspace
In linear algebra, a reducing subspace  of a linear map  from a Hilbert space  to itself is an invariant subspace of  whose orthogonal complement  is also an invariant subspace of  That is,  and  One says that the subspace  reduces the map

One says that a linear map is reducible if it has a nontrivial reducing subspace. Otherwise one says it is irreducible.

If  is of finite dimension  and  is a reducing subspace of the map  represented under basis  by matrix  then  can be expressed as the sum

where  is the matrix of the orthogonal projection from  to  and  is the matrix of the projection onto   (Here  is the identity matrix.)

Furthermore,  has an orthonormal basis  with a subset that is an orthonormal basis of . If  is the transition matrix from  to  then with respect to  the matrix  representing  is a block-diagonal matrix

with  where , and

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Electoral abstention in France
Electoral abstention occurs in French elections, French referendums and local consultations in France.

"Registration on the electoral roll is mandatory" under Article L9 of the Electoral Code, but no sanctions are provided for. Since 1997, the law provides for the automatic registration on the electoral roll of the municipality of residence of persons who meet the required age conditions.

In France, voting is not mandatory in the legal sense: "voting is a right, it is also a civic duty" is written on the voter invitation card. It is only mandatory in senatorial elections for major electors (deputies and municipal, departmental and regional councillors) who are fined 100 euros in the event of abstention, since a law passed in 2004.

French Senate elections
Senators in France are elected by indirect universal suffrage, by a panel of "electors". Half of the Senate seats are up for election every three years; the term of office is six years.

The last elections were held on 24 September 2023 for series 1 and 27 September 2020 for series 2.
Yellow-breasted fruit dove
The yellow-breasted fruit dove (Ramphiculus occipitalis), known locally as balorinay, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. While it is listed as least concern in IUCN, it is declining due to habitat loss, hunting, and trapping for the illegal wildlife trade. This species was formerly placed in the genus Ptilinopus.

It is illegal to hunt, capture, or keep yellow-breasted fruit-doves under Philippine Law RA 9147.

George Robert Gray
George Robert Gray FRS (8 July 1808 – 6 May 1872) was an English zoologist and author, and head of the ornithological section of the British Museum, now the Natural History Museum, London for forty-one years. He was the younger brother of the zoologist John Edward Gray and the son of the botanist Samuel Frederick Gray.

George Gray's most important publication was his Genera of Birds (1844–49), illustrated by David William Mitchell and Joseph Wolf, which included 46,000 references.
Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa
Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa bin Faisal Al Jumaili Al Khalifa Al Thalabi ibn Wa'il (Arabic: الأمير محمد بن خليفة بن فيصل الجميلي التغلبي الوائلي, was an Emir of Qatar and founder of the city of Zubarah as well as a founding ancestor of the House of Khalifa. Al Jumaili was born his tribe’s original hometown of Al-Hadar, a village in the Al-Aflaj Province of the Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia, south of Najd. From there he moved to Kuwait and then to Qatar, where he ruled from 1765 until his death in 1773.

House of Khalifa
The House of Khalifa (Arabic: آل خليفة, romanized: Āl Khalīfah) is the ruling family of the Kingdom of Bahrain. They profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe. Some members of this tribe joined the Utub alliance which migrated from Najd in central Arabia to Kuwait, then ruled all of Qatar, more specifically Al Zubarah, which they built and ruled over before settling in Bahrain in the early 17th century. The current head of the family is King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, who became the Emir of Bahrain in 1999 and proclaimed himself King of Bahrain in 2002, in fact becoming a constitutional monarch.

As of 2025, roughly half of the serving cabinet ministers of Bahrain were members of the Al Khalifa royal family, while the country's Prime Minister, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, is also from the Al Khalifa family and is the son of the current King.
Vetto
Vetto (Reggiano: Vèt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia.

Vetto borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo ne' Monti, Canossa, Neviano degli Arduini, Palanzano, Ventasso.

Castelnovo ne' Monti
Castelnovo Monti (officially Castelnovo ne' Monti; locally Castalnöv) is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Emilia, northern  Italy.

Castelnovo is an approved area for the production of Parmesan cheese. It is also home to the only hospital in the local reggiano appennine mountains.
Achateny
Achateny (Scottish Gaelic: Ach/Achadh an Teine) is a hamlet in Argyll on Ardnamurchan in the Scottish Highlands. It is in the Scottish council area of the Highland, near Branault, along a country lane off the B8007 road several hundred metres from the coast. To the east lies the village of Kilmory.

Trees in the area include typical highland birch wood, oaks and rowans and a damp rocky and mossy substrate supporting ferns. Shell sand is also present Achateny with sand dunes. The low-lying land to the west of Achateny is bog. The hamlet contains nothing more than a few scattered dwellings including a white cottage named "Caalmojo".

Ardnamurchan
Ardnamurchan (/ˌɑːrdnəˈmɜːrxən/, Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan [aːrˠʃtʲ nə ˈmuɾuxan]) is a 50-square-mile (130-square-kilometre) peninsula in the ward management area of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for its remoteness and rural nature. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length. The most westerly point of mainland Great Britain, Corrachadh Mòr, is in Ardnamurchan.

The area was historically ruled by the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan from the 1300s until 1618.

From 1930 to 1975 Ardnamurchan also gave its name to a landward district of Argyll, which covered a much wider area, including the districts of Morvern, Sunart and Ardgour.
ISO 3166-2:GW
ISO 3166-2:GW is the entry for Guinea-Bissau in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Guinea-Bissau, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:

three provinces

one autonomous sector and eight regions

The autonomous sector Bissau is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the regions.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is GW, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Guinea-Bissau. The second part is either of the following:

one letter: provinces

two letters: autonomous sector and regions

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
I Love the '90s (British TV series)
I Love the '90s was a BBC television nostalgia series that examined the pop culture of the 1990s. It was commissioned following the success of I Love the '70s and I Love the '80s, with episodes being 60 minutes long, except for 1990, which was 90 minutes long. The series was executive produced by Alan Brown, with Stephen McGinn serving as series producer. In 2019, the series was repeated as a weekly show lasting 30 minutes per year, with I Love 1993 following on from the I Love 1987 episode in BBC Two's Monday night listings.

This Life (1996 TV series)
This Life is a BBC television drama that was produced by World Productions and screened on BBC Two. Two series were broadcast from 18 March 1996 to 7 August 1997, with a later reunion special on 2 January 2007. It centres on a group of law graduates in their twenties, embarking upon their careers while sharing a house in south London. There are no courtroom scenes in either the first or second series, and only one brief scene in the TV sequel.

The show became a popular word-of-mouth hit and was included on BFI's list of the 100 greatest British television programmes.
Jonathan Afolabi
Jonathan Afolabi (born 14 January 2000) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Challenger Pro League club Kortrijk. His previous clubs include Celtic, Dunfermline Athletic, Dundee, Ayr United, Airdrieonians, Bohemians and Cambuur.

PFAI Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association of Ireland Team of the Year (often called the PFAI Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to the group of eleven players voted by their fellow players as having performed the best over the season. There are two separate teams voted for; the League of Ireland Premier Division and a League of Ireland First Division.
The Stars Group
The Stars Group Inc. (formerly known as Amaya Inc., Amaya Gaming Group Inc. and Rational Group) was a Canadian gaming and online gambling company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its shares were traded on Nasdaq and the Toronto Stock Exchange. It primarily operated poker, casino, and sports betting products under the PokerStars, Full Tilt Poker, BetStars, and Fox Bet brands.

Stars Interactive, the online gaming division of The Stars Group, was headquartered in Onchan, Isle of Man where PokerStars had an office since 2005, almost five years after its inception. It held licences or related approvals to operate from 17 jurisdictions and offers its products and services in Europe, North America and elsewhere. In the jurisdictions where it operates, it either maintained a local licence or approval, or used multi-jurisdictional licences issued by the Isle of Man or Malta.

On May 5, 2020, the company was sold to Irish gaming conglomerate Flutter Entertainment.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Inter-American Institute of Human Rights
The Inter-American Institute of Human Rights (IIHR)
is an autonomous international academic institution dedicated to the teaching, research and promotion of human rights. It was founded in 1980 by virtue of an agreement signed by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the government of Costa Rica, and is headquartered in that nation's capital city, San José. 
It complements the outreach work to promote human rights carried out by the Inter-American Court and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in the three other official languages –  Spanish, French, and Portuguese –  CIDH, Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos, Commission Interaméricaine des Droits de l'Homme, Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS).

The separate Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica.  Together the Court and the Commission make up the human rights protection system of the OAS.