hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thalayolaparambu
Thalayolaparambu is a town situated in Kottayam district in Kerala, India. Spanning over an area of 19.3 square kilometres with a population of 22,571 people, this mini-town is home to some of the well-known personalities such as the former Chief minister of Travancore-Cochin A. J. John, Anaparambil, the late Malayalam novelist/writer Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, the former Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan, and KK. Thalayolaparambu also hosts the major market established during the administration of Velu Thampi Dalawa, and is one of those few Keralite markets that still retains its old-world charm till date.

Kaduthuruthy
Kaduthuruthy is a town in Kottayam District in the state of Kerala, India. The State Highway 15 connecting Ettumanoor to Vyttila passes through the town.The town is located 27 km from Kottayam, the district headquarters. The Vaikom Road Railway Station situated 3 km from the town.
Generalized distributive law
The generalized distributive law (GDL) is a generalization of the distributive property which gives rise to a general message passing algorithm. It is a synthesis of the work of many authors in the information theory, digital communications, signal processing, statistics, and artificial intelligence communities. The law and algorithm were introduced in a semi-tutorial by Srinivas M. Aji and Robert J. McEliece with the same title.

Tree decomposition
In graph theory, a tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a tree that can be used to define the treewidth of the graph and speed up solving certain computational problems on the graph.

Tree decompositions are also called junction trees, clique trees, or join trees.  They play an important role in problems like probabilistic inference, constraint satisfaction, query optimization, and matrix decomposition.

The concept of tree decomposition was originally introduced by Rudolf Halin (1976). Later it was rediscovered by Neil Robertson and Paul Seymour (1984) and has since been studied by many other authors.
Abutilon lepidum
Abutilon lepidum is a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It was first described in 1868 as Sida lepida by Ferdinand von Mueller, but was transferred to the genus, Abutilon, in 1980 by Andrew Stewart Mitchell. The species epithet, lepidum, comes from the Latin adjective, lepidus,  which means pleasant, charming, or elegant.

It is native to Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

Abutilon
Abutilon /əˈbjuːtɪlɒn/ is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. General common names include Indian mallow and velvetleaf; ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word that came from the Arabic ’abū-ṭīlūn (أبو طيلون),  the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.

The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus Callianthe.
Ambur Assembly constituency
12°47′N 78°42′E﻿ / ﻿12.78°N 78.7°E﻿ / 12.78; 78.7

Ambur is a state assembly constituency in Tirupattur district in Tamil Nadu, India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 48. It comprises portions of Vellore and Vaniyambadi taluks and is a part of Vellore Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. It was in existence from the 1957 to 1971 state elections of Madras State, following which it became a constituency of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

Vellore Lok Sabha constituency
12°55′13″N 79°08′00″E﻿ / ﻿12.920219°N 79.133306°E﻿ / 12.920219; 79.133306

Vellore Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 39 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the present state of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Its Tamil Nadu Parliamentary Constituency number is 8.

The 2019 lok sabha election was scheduled to be held on 18 April in this constituency but the President of India rescinded polling on 16 April after Election Commission of India sent a report stating recovery of huge amount of unaccounted for cash allegedly from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate's office.
Wagon Wheel, Oxnard, California
Wagon Wheel is a densely populated, planned neighborhood of Oxnard, California at the intersection of U.S. Route 101 and Oxnard Boulevard. The neighborhood was originally developed as an office, motel, and restaurant complex named Wagon Wheel Junction with a convenient roadside location near the historic community of El Rio. The site in Ventura County became a popular stop for travelers between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, particularly during its heyday in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The entire site was demolished in 2011 to begin the development of the community with 1,500 residential units. The Esplanade Shopping Center is directly across Oxnard Boulevard with The Collection at RiverPark shopping center located farther along Oxnard Boulevard on the other side of the 101 freeway.

The Collection at RiverPark
The Collection at RiverPark is an outdoor lifestyle center in Oxnard, California, United States, located east of U.S. Route 101. The shopping center held its grand opening on November 15, 2012, and is anchored by Target, Whole Foods Market, REI, The Container Store, and a 16-screen Cinemark movie theater. Originally planned to open in 2008, The Collection was delayed due to the Great Recession.
Haji Anayat Ali
Haji Anayat Ali is an Indian politician and a hotelier from the Kargil, Union territory of Ladakh. He was the last Chairman of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council, the upper house of the bicameral legislature of erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir before its abolishment.

Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The PDP was headed and founded by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed. His daughter, Mehbooba Mufti, succeeded him as party leader and as chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir following his death in January 2016. The party was a member of the People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration electoral alliance. The party was also a member of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance from its founding on 18 June 2023 till 2024

Currently Mehbooba Mufti remains as the president of the party, with Waheed Para serving as the legislative party leader in the J&K Assembly, Fayaz Ahmad Mir as whip  and Mirza Mehboob Beg as the Chief Spokesperson for the party.
Coomooroo, South Australia
Coomooroo is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, approximately 3 hours' drive north of Adelaide. With a population of 13 as of 2021, Coomooroo is now considered a ghost town.

Most of Coomooroo lies within the District Council of Orroroo Carrieton. However, a small section on its western end lies within the District Council of Mount Remarkable. The Orroroo Carrieton section consists of a diagonal rural strip of the cadastral Hundred of Coomooroo separating the towns of Morchard and Walloway, with narrow strips of the Hundreds of Eurelia and Pinda at its north-western end.

Morchard, South Australia
Morchard is a town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Wilmington-Ucolta Road in the state's Mid North region.

The Morchard Hotel, which is still standing today, was opened in 1878. The licensee was George Dowdy.
Herts/Middlesex 4
Herts/Middlesex 4 was a tier 12 English Rugby Union league that was organized by the London and South East Division Rugby Football Union.  It was the fourth division competition for clubs in Hertfordshire and parts of north-west London that traditionally belonged to the historic county of Middlesex.  Promoted teams moved up to Herts/Middlesex 3 and since the cancellation of Herts/Middlesex 5 there was no relegation.

It involved a number of formats over the years, switching between a single division and regional (north/south) divisions.  Herts/Middlesex 4 folded at the end of the 2009-10 season with most teams being promoted automatically to Herts/Middlesex 3.

Hertfordshire 1
Hertfordshire 1 was an English level 10 Rugby Union league with teams from Hertfordshire and parts of north London taking part.  Promoted teams used to move up to Herts/Middlesex 1 and relegation was to Hertfordshire 2 until that division was cancelled at the end of the 1989–90 season.  The division was cancelled in at the end of the 1995–96 campaign after nine seasons due to the merger of the Hertfordshire and Middlesex regional leagues.
2008 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 2008 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship was the 22nd edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. The city of Chieti, in Italy, hosted the tournament. Lithuania won the trophy for the first time. Hungary and Georgia were relegated to Division B.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.
Green parakeet
The green parakeet (Psittacara holochlorus), green conure, or Mexican green conure is a New World parrot. As defined by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), it is native to Mexico and southern Texas in the Rio Grande Valley.

Philip Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist. In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.
1897 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1897 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 11th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Lees were the defending champions.

Dohenys won the championship following a 0–05 to 0–04 defeat of Kanturk in a replay of the final at Cork Park. It remains their only championship title.

1887 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.

On 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0–04 to 0–01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.
Aminu Abdullahi Shagali
Aminu Abdullahi ShagaliListenⓘ  is a Nigerian politician, academic and a public servant. He is the current commissioner of Ministry of Housing and Urban Developments. He served as the special adviser on political matter to Gov. Nasir El-Rufai and the same capacity in APC Gubernatorial campaign for the 2023 general elections. Moreover, he served as the speaker of the 5th Kaduna Assembly.

Nasir El-Rufai
Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai CON (Listenⓘ; born 16 February 1960) is a Nigerian politician who served as the governor of Kaduna State from 2015 to 2023. A member of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) since November 2025 after his defection from the All Progressives Congress (APC) which he was one of the founding member, and served as the minister of the Federal Capital Territory from 2003 to 2007 under the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo.
Brand24
Brand24 is a Polish company founded in 2011, headquartered in Wrocław, Poland, that specializes in media monitoring and analyzing content on the internet, through its own analytical software based on artificial intelligence. The company is publicly traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, and is currently majority-owned by Prowly, a subsidiary of the American search engine metrics provider Semrush.

The company's flagship namesake tool, available in over 150 countries, collects and analyzes public mentions of brands, products, and threads containing monitored keywords across news sites, social media, blogs, and discussion forums. As of late 2025, Brand24 monitors 100,000 brands, having collected 25 billion mentions to date.

Brand24 is one of the most recognizable Polish technology companies, linked with activities of its co-founder and CEO Michał Sadowski.

Web analytics
Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research and assess and improve website effectiveness. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It can be used to estimate how traffic to a website changes after launching a new advertising campaign. Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views, or creates user behaviour profiles. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends, which is useful for market research.
1st Hampshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Hampshire Artillery Volunteers and its successors were part-time coast defence units of the British Army from 1860 to 1967. Although the units saw no action, they protected the Portsmouth area in both World Wars and supplied trained gunners to siege batteries engaged on the Western Front during World War I. The unit continued in the Territorial Army after World War II.

Isle of Wight Rifles
The 1st Isle of Wight Rifle Volunteers, later the 8th (Isle of Wight, 'Princess Beatrice's Own') Battalion, Hampshire Regiment, but known informally as the 'Isle of Wight Rifles', was an auxiliary unit of the British Army formed to defend the Isle of Wight after a mid-19th Century invasion scare. During World War I it fought in the Gallipoli Campaign, taking part in the calamitous attack at Suvla Bay, and later at the battles of Gaza and Megiddo in Palestine. Between the wars it was converted to coast defence artillery and served in this role on the Isle of Wight throughout World War II. One battery was sent to reinforce the garrison of Tobruk, where it was captured in 1942. Postwar the unit converted to the air defence role, then reverted to infantry, and its successors continue in today's Army Reserve.
Matroid embedding
In combinatorics, a matroid embedding is a set system (F, E), where F is a collection of feasible sets, that satisfies the following properties.

Accessibility property: Every non-empty feasible set X contains an element x such that X \ {x} is feasible.

Extensibility property: For every feasible subset X of a basis (i.e., maximal feasible set) B, some element in B but not in X belongs to the extension ext(X) of X, where ext(X) is the set of all elements e not in X such that X ∪ {e} is feasible.

Closure–congruence property: For every superset A of a feasible set X disjoint from ext(X), A ∪ {e} is contained in some feasible set for either all e or no e in ext(X).

The collection of all subsets of feasible sets forms a matroid.

Matroid embeddings were introduced by Helman, Moret & Shapiro (1993) to characterize problems that can be optimized by a greedy algorithm.

Greedy algorithm
A greedy algorithm is any algorithm that follows the problem-solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage. In many problems, a greedy strategy does not produce an optimal solution, but a greedy heuristic can yield locally optimal solutions that approximate a globally optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time.

For example, a greedy strategy for the travelling salesman problem (which is of high computational complexity) is the following heuristic: "At each step of the journey, visit the nearest unvisited city." This heuristic does not intend to find the best solution, but it terminates in a reasonable number of steps; finding an optimal solution to such a complex problem typically requires unreasonably many steps.

In mathematical optimization, greedy algorithms optimally solve combinatorial problems having the properties of matroids and give constant-factor approximations to optimization problems with the submodular structure.
Marcinkowskiego Street, Bydgoszcz
Marcinkowskiego street is located in the downtown district of Bydgoszcz. It has been laid in the 1850s. Most of the frontages on this street offer 19th century architectural interests, starting from the house along the city lock on the Brda river to a tenement by Józef Święcicki on the crossing with Dworcowa Street.

Bydgoszcz Architects (1850–1970s)
Bydgoszcz displays an abundant variety of architectures, with styles from neo-gothic, neo-baroque and neoclassicism, to Art Nouveau and modernism; hence its nickname of Little Berlin at the start of the 20th century. The notable granaries on Mill Island and along Brda river also recall a recognized timber-framed characteristics of the city in Poland.

The period stretching from 1850 to the Second Polish Republic witnessed the greatest development of the city. In the mid-19th century, the arrival of the Prussian Eastern Railway (German: Preußische Ostbahn) contributed greatly to the development of Bromberg. After WWI, with the re-attachment of the town to the new state of Poland, Bydgoszcz underwent anew a growth, while German residents fled.

Most of the constructions of these time, still preserved today, are linked to a number of architects who left (for a few of them) a profound mark on the current architectural landscape of the city.
Xianyun
The Xianyun (simplified Chinese: 猃狁; traditional Chinese: 獫狁, 玁狁; pinyin: Xiǎnyǔn; Wade–Giles: Hsien-yün; Old Chinese: (ZS) *g.ramʔ-lunʔ; (Schuessler) *hɨamᴮ-juinᴮ < *hŋamʔ-junʔ) was an ancient nomadic tribe that invaded the Zhou dynasty. This Chinese exonym is written with xian 獫 or 玁 "long-snouted dog", and this "dog" radical 犭 is commonly used in graphic pejorative characters. "Xianyun" was the preferred designation for northern tribes during the Zhou dynasty, earlier designations being the Xunyu, Guifang (Xia and Shang dynasties), and later ones being the Xiongnu, during the Han dynasty.

Ordos culture
The Ordos culture (simplified Chinese: 鄂尔多斯文化; traditional Chinese: 鄂爾多斯文化; pinyin: È'ěrduōsī Wénhuà) was a material culture occupying a region centered on the Ordos Loop (corresponding to the region of Suiyuan, including Baotou to the north, all located in modern Inner Mongolia, China) during the Bronze and early Iron Age from c. 800 BCE to 150 BCE. The Ordos culture is known for significant finds of Scythian art and may represent the easternmost extension of Indo-European Eurasian nomads, such as the Saka, or may be linkable to Palaeo-Siberians or Yeniseians. Under the Qin and Han dynasties, the area came under the control of contemporaneous Chinese states.
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, also known as the prostaglandin transporter (PGT), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO2A1 gene.

This gene encodes a prostaglandin transporter that is a member of the 12-membrane-spanning organic anion-transporting polypeptide superfamily of transporters. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating the uptake and clearance of prostaglandins in numerous tissues.

Organo anion transporter family
Members of the Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family (organic-anion-transporting polypeptides, OATP) are membrane transport proteins or 'transporters' that mediate the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane. Therefore, OATPs are present in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, acting as the cell's gatekeepers. OATPs belong to the Solute Carrier Family (SLC) and the major facilitator superfamily.

The generalized transport reactions catalyzed by members of the OAT family are:

Anion (in) → Anion (out)

Anion1 (in) + Anion2 (out) → Anion1 (out) + Anion2 (in)
U-matic
3⁄4-inch Type E Helical Scan or SMPTE E is an analog recording videocassette format marketed by Sony Electronics Corporation, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (Panasonic) and Victor Co. of Japan (JVC). It was initially developed by Sony and shown as a prototype in October 1969, refined and standardized among the three manufacturers in March 1970, and introduced commercially in September 1971 by Sony. The format was branded U-matic by Sony, U-Vision by Panasonic and U-VCR by JVC, referring to the U-shaped tape path as it threads around the video drum.

The format was among the earliest video formats to house videotape inside a cassette, replacing the reel-to-reel systems common at the time. The format uses 3⁄4-inch-wide (19 mm) tape, earning it the nickname "three-quarter-inch" or simply "three-quarter," in contrast to larger open-reel formats like 1 in (25 mm) Type C videotape and 2 in (51 mm) quadruplex videotape.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Fadia gens
The gens Fadia was a plebeian family at Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned around the time of Cicero, but they did not obtain any of the higher offices of the Roman state under the Republic.  Their fortunes improved under the Empire, and two of the Fadii held consulships during the second century.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.