hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siberian State Industrial University
Siberian State Industrial University (Russian: Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет, abbreviated СибГИУ) is the oldest university in Novokuznetsk, Russia. It was established on June 23, 1930, to train professional personnel for the construction of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine (Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant).  Prior to raising the status in 1994, it was named the Siberian Metallurgic Institute (SMI), then it was renamed the Siberian State Mining-Metallurgic Academy (SibGGMA). In 1998, the status of the university had risen to the level of the Technical University and it received the title of Siberian State Industrial University (SibSIU). The university is located in the central district of Novokuznetsk.

Siberian State Industrial University has about 15,000 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students, and a faculty of about 1200, including 326 professors and 350 associate professors.

Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant
Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Plant (Russian: Новокузнецкий металлургический комбинат) is a major Russian steel producer in the city of Novokuznetsk in Kemerovo Oblast in southwestern Siberia. The company's name is abbreviated to NKMK (Russian:НКМК). The company specializes in the production of rails for railroads. NKMK is a subsidiary of the Evraz Group, a leading Russian steel company.  As of September 26, 2022, the Plant is on fire and major portions of it have burned down.
Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery
The Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery claims to be the oldest volunteer artillery unit of the British Army. It served coastal and siege guns in World War I and World War II, and also served in the infantry role.

BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun
The BL 6-inch gun Mark VII (and the related Mk VIII) was a British naval gun dating from 1899, which was mounted on a heavy travelling carriage in 1915 for British Army service to become one of the main heavy field guns in the First World War, and also served as one of the main coast defence guns throughout the British Empire until the 1950s.
Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1950s
This is a list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1950s, as determined by Publishers Weekly. The list features the most popular novels of each year from 1950 through 1959.

The standards set for inclusion in the lists – which, for example, led to the exclusion of the novels in the Harry Potter series from the lists for the 1990s and 2000s – are currently unknown.

Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1990s
This is a list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1990s, as determined by Publishers Weekly. The list features the most popular novels of each year from 1990 through 1999.

The standards set for inclusion in the lists – which, for example, led to the exclusion of the novels in the Harry Potter series from the lists for the 1990s and 2000s – are currently unknown.
San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
San Marino was set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020, which was scheduled to be held in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Italian singer Senhit was chosen to represent the nation with her song "Freaky!". Sammarinese broadcaster San Marino RTV (SMRTV) internally selected the singer, while her song was selected through a national final entitled Digital Battle. Senhit previously represented San Marino in the 2011 contest, but failed to qualify for the final. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe during 2020, the Eurovision Song Contest was cancelled in mid-March 2020. "Freaky!" was subsequently an entry for several replacement events including Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, Der kleine Song Contest and Sveriges 12:a. Senhit announced during the former of the three that she would return to represent the nation at the 2021 contest the following year.

San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
San Marino was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Complice" (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkomplitʃe]; transl. "Accomplice"), composed by Francesco Sancisi, with lyrics by Nicola Della Valle, and performed by the pop-rock band Miodio. The Sammarinese participant broadcaster, San Marino RTV (SMRTV), internally selected its entry for the contest. This was the first-ever entry from San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest.

SMRTV officially confirmed its debut in the contest in November 2007 after deliberation among its shareholders. Promotion of the entry relied heavily on the internet, with a music video being created and interviews from the band to the press being published in the lead up to the Eurovision Song Contest 2008. San Marino performed fifth in the first semi-final, held on 20 May 2008, and placed last, receiving just five points.
Paul von Bruns
Paul von Bruns was a German surgeon. He was born in Tübingen, and was the son of surgeon Victor von Bruns. His father-in-law was Protestant theologian Karl Heinrich Weizsäcker.

Bruns was born July 2, 1846. In 1882, Bruns became director of the surgical clinic at Tübingen, as well as a full professor at the University. He was the author of works on numerous medical subjects — laryngotomy for removal of growths in the larynx, acute osteomyelitis, gunshot wounds, limb operations and the treatment of goiters, to name a few.

In 1885, he founded Beiträge zur klinischen Chirurgie (Contributions to Clinical Surgery), and was its editor until his death. With Ernst von Bergmann (1836-1907) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850-1905), he published the four-volume Handbuch der Chirurgie (Handbook of Surgery). He died – June 2, 1916 in Tübingen.

Jan Mikulicz-Radecki
Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (German: Johann Freiherr von Mikulicz-Radecki) was a German-Polish-Austrian surgeon who worked mainly in the German Empire. He was born on 16 May 1850 in Czerniowce in the Austrian Empire (present-day Chernivtsi in Ukraine) and died on 4 June 1905 in Breslau, German Empire (present-day Wrocław in Poland). He was professor in Kraków, Breslau, and Königsberg. He was the inventor of new operating techniques and tools, and is one of the pioneers of antiseptics and aseptic techniques. In Poland he is regarded as one of the founders of the Kraków school of surgery.
Waldeck-Rousseau Peak
Waldeck-Rousseau Peak (66°9′S 65°38′W﻿ / ﻿66.150°S 65.633°W﻿ / -66.150; -65.633) is a conspicuous monolith 3 nautical miles (6 km) east-northeast of Cape Evensen on Stresher Peninsula on Graham Coast, Antarctic Peninsula. The French Antarctic Expedition (1903–05) under Jean-Baptiste Charcot charted a cape in this area which they named for French statesman Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau. On re-exploring this area, the French Antarctic Expedition (1908–10) under Charcot sighted the feature from Pendleton Strait, 25 nautical miles (46 km) distant, and charted it as an island near the coast. Correlating its work with that of Charcot, the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill charted this portion of the coast by land and from the air in 1935. Waldeck-Rousseau Peak as here applied is in accord with the interpretation of the BGLE.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Waldeck-Rousseau Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Stresher Peninsula
Stresher Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Стрешер, romanized: poluostrov Stresher, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈstrɛʃɛr]; 66°16′10″S 65°26′40″W﻿ / ﻿66.26944°S 65.44444°W﻿ / -66.26944; -65.44444) is the predominantly ice-covered rectangular peninsula 30 km wide and projecting 24 km northwestwards from Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. It is bounded by Holtedahl Bay to the northeast, Auvert Bay to the northwest and Darbel Bay to the southwest. Its west extremity Cape Bellue separates Graham Coast to the northeast from Loubet Coast to the southwest. Lawson Peak is a peak 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Cape Evensen.

The feature is named after Stresher Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.
Outline of Mizoram
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mizoram:

Mizoram – one of the states of Northeast India, with Aizawl as its capital city. The name is derived from Mi (people), Zo (Belonging to the people of Mizoram/Lushai Hills) and Ram (land), and thus Mizoram implies "land of the hill people". In the northeast, it is the southernmost landlocked state sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam, Manipur.

Champhai
Champhai is the third largest town in Mizoram, northeast India and is one of the oldest settlements founded by the Mizo people that initially served as a capital for the Hmar dynasty. Located near the India–Myanmar border, it facilitates cross-border trade and serves as a hub for trade and commerce in the region.

Unlike most urban places in Mizoram, Champhai is situated in a valley and on top of a small hill. It is situated at an elevation of approximately 1,678 meters (5,505 feet) above sea level. It had an estimated population of 44,000 in 2023.
Bluebonnet Detention Center
The Bluebonnet Detention Center is a prison in Anson, Texas, operated by the Management and Training Corporation (MTC) under contract for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

The 1100-bed 122,000 square feet (11,300 m2) facility was built in 2010 (as the Texas Midwest/Jones County Detention Center) to house Texas Department of Criminal Justice prisoners. Immediately after the prison was constructed, the state rescinded the contract, leaving $35 million in bonds unresolved. GEO Group was in discussions to buy the facility in 2017 to house ICE prisoners, but the deal fell through.

A five-year contract for $145 million was signed in 2019 to house ICE detainees by MTC. The contract pays $106 per day per detainee.

Management and Training Corporation
Management & Training Corporation or MTC is a contractor that manages private prisons and United States Job Corps centers, based in Centerville, Utah. MTC's core businesses are corrections, education and training, MTC medical, and economic & social development. MTC operates 21 correctional facilities in eight states. MTC also operates or partners in operating 22 of the 119 Job Corps centers across the country. They also operate in Great Britain, under the name MTCNovo.
Gauntlet: The Third Encounter
Gauntlet: The Third Encounter is an arcade-style dungeon crawler role-playing game developed by Epyx and published by Atari Corporation that was released for the Atari Lynx handheld system in 1990. Despite using the same packaging artwork that was used for the NES version, The Third Encounter is not a port of the original Gauntlet or its sequel, but instead is a new game developed specifically for the Lynx. It was originally titled Time Quests and Treasure Chests, but it was changed when Atari Corporation picked up the license for the Gauntlet franchise from Atari Games (which was by this stage an entirely separate company).

Epyx
Epyx, Inc. was an American video game developer and publisher active in the late 1970s and 1980s. The company was founded in 1978 as Automated Simulations by Jim Connelley and Jon Freeman, publishing a series of tactical combat games. The Epyx brand was introduced when the company branched out to a series of more action-oriented titles. In 1983, as these types of games now represented the majority of their product line, the company was renamed to match. Epyx published a long series of games through the 1980s. The company's assets are currently owned by Bridgestone Multimedia Group Global.
Aerion AS2
The Aerion AS2 was a proposed supersonic business jet that was being developed by Aerion Corporation.

In May 2014, it was announced that the Aerion AS2 would be part of a larger Aerion SBJ redesign, which aimed for release after a seven-year developmental period.
Aerion partnered with Airbus in September the same year.
In December 2017, Airbus was replaced by Lockheed Martin.
Its General Electric Affinity engine was unveiled in October 2018.
In February 2019, Boeing replaced Lockheed Martin.
Development stopped when Aerion ceased operations in May 2021.

The Aerion AS2 12-passenger aircraft aimed for Mach 1.6 with a supersonic natural laminar flow wing for a minimum projected range of 4,750 nm (8,800 km).

A $4 billion development cost was anticipated, for a market of 300 over 10 years and 500 overall for $120 million each.

Aircraft noise pollution
Aircraft noise pollution refers to noise produced by aircraft in flight that has been associated with several negative stress-mediated health effects, from sleep disorders to cardiovascular disorders. Governments have enacted extensive controls that apply to aircraft designers, manufacturers, and operators, resulting in improved procedures and cuts in pollution.
Lincity
Lincity is a free and open-source construction and management simulation game, which puts the player in control of managing a city's socio-economy, similar in concept to SimCity. The player can develop a city by buying appropriate buildings, services and infrastructure. Its name is both a Linux reference and a play on the title of the original city-building game, SimCity, and it was released under the GNU General Public License v2.

City-building game
A city-building game, citybuilder or town-building game, is a genre of simulation video game where players act as the overall planner and leader of a city or town, looking down on it from above, and being responsible for its growth and management strategy. Players choose building placement and city management features such as salaries and work priorities, and the city develops accordingly.

City-building games such as SimCity, Cities XXL or Cities: Skylines are considered a type of construction and management simulation.
Gaudi script
The Gaudi script (Gāuṛi lipi), also known as the Proto-BAM script, Proto-BAMO script, Proto-Assamese script, Proto-Bengali script, Proto-Oriya script and Proto-Maithili script is an abugida in the Brahmic family of scripts.  By the fourteenth century, Gaudi script had begun to differentiate and gradually developed into the Bengali-Assamese (Eastern Nagari), Odia,  and Maithili script.

Kingdom of Gauda
The Gauḍa kingdom was a kingdom during the Classical era in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the Gauda region of Bengal (modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) in 4th century CE or possibly earlier.
1952–53 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France
The 1952–53 Kangaroo tour was the eighth Kangaroo tour, in which the Australian national rugby league team travelled to Great Britain and France and played forty matches, including the Ashes series of three Test matches against Great Britain and three Test matches against the French. It followed the tour of 1948-49 and the next was staged in 1956-57.

1952 NSWRFL season
The 1952 New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the forty-fifth season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across Sydney contested for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season which culminated in a grand final between Western Suburbs and South Sydney.
Agbami Field
Agbami Field is an oil field in Nigeria. Discovered in late 1998, it was the second major deepwater oil field discovered off the Niger Delta, the first being Bonga Field by Shell.

The field is located in nearly 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) of water off the central Niger Delta. The operator of the field is Star Deep Water Limited, an affiliate of Chevron.  Also involved in the field are Famfa Oil, an indigenous oil company owned by the Alakija Family of Lagos, Petrobras (Brazil), Statoil, and NNPC (the national oil company of Nigeria).

Bonga Field
The Bonga Field is an oilfield in Nigeria. It was located in License block OPL 212 off the Nigerian coast, which was renamed OML 118 in February 2000. The field covers approximately 60 km2 in an average water depth of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The field was discovered in 1996, with government approval for its development given in 2002. The field began first production in November 2005. The field is worked via an FPSO vessel. The field produces both petroleum and natural gas; the petroleum is offloaded to tankers while the gas is piped back to Nigeria where it is exported via an LNG plant. The field contains approximately 6,000 MM barrels of oil.

The field is operated by Shell Nigeria who own 55% of the license. The other partners in the field development are ExxonMobil (20%), Nigerian Agip (12.5%) and Elf Aquitaine (12.5%).
Banque Pharaon & Chiha
Banque Pharaon & Chiha S.A.L. was a Lebanese bank, founded in 1876, and headquartered in Achrafieh, Beirut. The bank was founded by Antoine Chiha during the Lebanese Ottoman era. It was one of the oldest Lebanese banks that were still operating in the recent years.

The bank was acquired by Byblos Bank in 2016.

Byblos Bank
Byblos Bank (Arabic: بنك بيبلوس) is a Lebanese bank established in 1963 and headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon. It is the country's third largest bank by assets. It is one of the Alpha banks in Lebanon, along with Banque Libano-Française S.A.L., Bank Audi, BLOM Bank, and Fransabank, which are its main competitors. As at 31 July 2018, it operates 88 branches in Lebanon.
Fannrem
Fannrem is a village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the river Orkla about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the urban area of Orkanger, Thamshavn, and Råbygda, and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the village of Vormstad.

Due to recent conurbation between the town of Orkanger and the suburb of Fannrem, Statistics Norway regards Orkanger-Fannrem as one 6.85-square-kilometre (2.64 sq mi) community with a population (2024) of 9,161 and a population density of 1,337 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,460/sq mi). Orkanger-Fannrem is one of the largest settlements in Trøndelag county.

The main city center of Fannrem is mainly composed of service industries, surrounded by residential areas and farms. The large Orkel industrial factory is located in Fannrem, which produces machinery for agricultural use. Norgesfôr Orkla, the main grain mill and silo for the Orkdalen region is located in Fannrem. Orkdal Church is located in Fannrem.

Orkel
Orkel AS is a Norwegian company that produces heavy machinery. Orkel is located in Orkland Municipality, in close vicinity to Trondheim. The company was established in 1949 by Johan Gjønnes. It is one of the largest industrial companies in the county of Trøndelag. Orkel is, together with Kverneland Group among the largest producers machinery in Norway.

The main product in the international market is the Compactor. Orkel exports the compactor to more than 40 countries.

The company is one of the biggest manufacturers in its segment in Norway
Drimentine G
Drimentine G (DMT G) belongs to the family of drimentines, which are terpenylated diketopiperazines. DMT G contains two different parts, one comes from the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathway to generate the diketopiperazine ring structure. The other part comes from either the mevalonic acid pathway (MVA) or deoxy xylulose phosphate pathway (MEP) to produce sesquiterpenes needed for interaction with the diketopiperazine. This molecule is said to be useful as an antibiotic to treat bacterial or fungi infections, has therapeutic application to treat animal health, and can serve as a pest control for plants.

Sesquiterpene
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be cyclic or contain rings, including many combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids.  It is estimated (2006) that 3000 sesquiterpenes have been identified.
68th New York State Legislature
The 68th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 7 to May 14, 1845, during the first year of Silas Wright's governorship, in Albany.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
Delta Sport Centre
Delta Sport Centre, formerly known as Delta Sports Complex and Delta Sports and Recreation Centre, is located in Bukit Merah, Singapore. It is centrally located beside the Redhill MRT station. It also has a field hockey pitch, which has contributed to the local development of field hockey, with occasional competitions held there.

Redhill MRT station
Redhill MRT station is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station in Singapore on the East–West Line (EWL). Operated by SMRT, the station serves nearby landmarks such as the Delta Swimming Complex and Thye Hong Centre.

First announced in May 1982 as Alexandra, it was renamed to Redhill in June 1983. The station commenced operations along with the entire MRT system on 12 March 1988 by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Bicycle facilities for the station were expanded in July 1990. Half-height platform screen doors and high-volume low-speed fans were installed by August 2011 and the first quarter of 2013, respectively. In March 2017, a linkway was installed between Redhill and the Enabling Village, a community space for the disabled to be integrated into society.

Like other elevated stations on the Tiong Bahru–Clementi stretch, the station feature grilles and horizontal louvres. Despite its name, Redhill features a pink colour scheme. Its roof also has clerestory windows.
Hamburg Temple disputes
The Hamburg Temple disputes (German: Hamburger Tempelstreite) were the two controversies which erupted around the Israelite Temple in Hamburg, the first permanent Reform synagogue, which elicited fierce protests from Orthodox rabbis. The events were a milestone in the coalescence of both modern perceptions of Judaism. The primary occurred between 1818 and 1821, and the latter from 1841 to 1842.

Hamburg Temple
The Hamburg Temple (German: Israelitischer Tempel) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Hamburg, Germany. The congregation was the first permanent Reform Jewish community and the first to have a Reform prayer rite. It originally operated from 1818 to 1938. On 18 October 1818 the original Poolstraße Temple was inaugurated and later twice moved to new edifices, in 1844 and 1931, respectively. The congregation abandoned the synagogue in 1938.

The building has been used as a concert venue since 1949, most recently as the Rolf-Liebermann-Studio, since 2000.

The congregation was reestablished in 2004 and currently has 340 members. It is an affiliate of both the Union of Progressive Jews in Germany and the World Union for Progressive Judaism. It aims to rebuild the congregation's first temple in its original location.
Kulwant Singh Gill
Air Marshal Kulwant Singh Gill, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VM(G) was former Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) of Central Air Command of Indian Air Force. Commissioned into the Flying Branch of the Indian Air Force in Dec 1977. In a career spanning three decades and six years, he has held instructional, directional and command appointments, including Commandant of the National Defence Academy.

Yudh Seva Medal
The Yudh Seva Medal (lit. 'War Service Medal') is one of India's military decorations for distinguished service during wartime. It is awarded for a high degree of distinguished service in an operational context, which includes times of war, conflict, or hostilities and may be  awarded posthumously.

The award is the wartime equivalent of the Vishisht Seva Medal, which is a peacetime distinguished service decoration.

In 2019, Minty Agarwal became the first woman given the Yudh Seva Medal.