hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grace (meals)
A grace is a short prayer or thankful phrase said before or after eating. The term most commonly refers to Christian traditions. Some traditions hold that grace and thanksgiving imparts a blessing which sanctifies the meal. In English, reciting such a prayer is sometimes referred to as "saying grace". The term comes from the Ecclesiastical Latin phrase gratiarum actio 'act of thanks'. Theologically, the act of saying grace is derived from the Bible, in which Jesus and Saint Paul pray before meals (cf. Luke 24:30, Acts 27:35). The practice reflects the belief that humans should thank God who is believed to be the origin of everything.

Itadakimasu
Itadakimasu (Japanese: いただきます; IPA: [itadakimaꜜsɯ̥]) is a Japanese phrase that translates 'to humbly receive'. Often said before eating a meal, the phrase is used as a way of showing gratitude and respect for everyone and everything that made the meal in front of you possible. It is meant to honor all: from the natural elements that supplied the ingredients, the people who grew the produce, to the ones who prepared and cooked the meal, etc.

The term compounds the Japanese verb itadaku (いただく; 'to receive'/'to accept') and the suffix -masu (ます), added to the end of verbs to make sentences polite.
1976 Toray Sillook Open
The 1976 Toray Sillook Open  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Tokyo, Japan that was a non-tour event, independent of the 1976 WTA Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 28 September through 2 October, 1976. The first round was played at the Nichi Dai University Auditorium while the semifinals and final were held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium. The singles event was the only competition held and was won by unseeded Betty Stöve who earned $15,000 first-prize money.

1976 WTA Tour
The 1976 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit, was now an 11-week tour of the United States, and the Woman's International Grand Prix. The 1976 tour was the first full season using the official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.
Magnesocene
Magnesocene, also known as bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium(II) and sometimes abbreviated as MgCp2, is an organometallic compound with the formula Mg(η5-C5H5)2. It is white powder or crystals. It is an example of an s-block main group sandwich compound, structurally related to the d-block element metallocenes, and consists of a central magnesium atom sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl rings.

Cyclopentadienyl complex
A cyclopentadienyl complex is a coordination complex of a metal and cyclopentadienyl groups (C5H−5, abbreviated as Cp−). Cyclopentadienyl ligands almost invariably bind to metals as a pentahapto (η5-) bonding mode.  The metal–cyclopentadienyl interaction is typically drawn as a single line from the metal center to the center of the Cp ring.
North American FJ-1 Fury
The North American FJ-1 Fury is an early turbojet-powered carrier-capable fighter aircraft used by the United States Navy (USN). Developed by North American Aviation (NAA) starting in 1945, it became the first jet aircraft in USN service to serve at sea under operational conditions. This first version of the FJ was a straight-winged jet, briefly operational during the transition to more successful designs. An evolution of the FJ-1 would become the land-based XP-86 prototype of the United States Air Force's enormously influential F-86 Sabre, which in turn formed the basis for the Navy's carrier-based, swept-winged North American FJ-2/-3 Fury.

.50 BMG
The .50 BMG (.50 Browning Machine Gun), also known as 12.7×99mm NATO, and designated as the 50 Browning by the C.I.P., is a .50 in (12.7 mm) caliber cartridge developed for the M2 Browning heavy machine gun in the late 1910s, entering official service in 1921. Under STANAG 4383, it is a standard service cartridge for NATO forces. The cartridge itself has been made in many variants: multiple generations of regular ball, tracer, armor-piercing (AP), incendiary, and saboted sub-caliber penetrator rounds. The rounds intended for machine guns are made into a continuous ammunition belt using metallic links.

The .50 BMG cartridge is also used in anti-materiel rifles. A wide variety of ammunition is available, and the availability of match grade ammunition has increased the usefulness of .50 caliber rifles by allowing more accurate fire than lower-quality rounds.
McNeeley Peak (Washington)
McNeeley Peak is a 6,786-foot-elevation (2,068 m) summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. McNeeley Peak is situated north of the Sunrise Historic District, east of Mount Fremont, and northwest of Antler Peak. The peak was named in 1932 for Edwin J. McNeeley (born 1858), a prominent Tacoma businessman.  Access is limited by snow closing the Sunrise Road much of the year. July, August, and September are typically the months when the Sunrise Road is seasonally open for vehicle traffic. Precipitation runoff from McNeeley Peak drains into the White River.

Sourdough Mountains
The Sourdough Mountains, also called Sourdough Ridge, is a mountain ridge on the northeast side of Mount Rainier in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, United States. The range forms an L-shape, starting at Mount Fremont, running east to Dege Peak, turning north to Slide Mountain.

The ridge is a popular hiking destination, due to the excellent view of Mount Rainier and its proximity to roads and the Sunrise Visitor Center.
Civilian control of the military in communist states
Civilian control of the military in communist states have differed from country to country. There are typically three models of civilian control of the military: party-run, state-run, and hybrid. In all three models, the communist party has an internal organisation in the military.

National Defense and Security Council (Vietnam)
The National Defense and Security Council is a constitutional agency of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, tasked with overseeing the defence and security of the country during a state of emergency or war. The Council is headed by the President of Vietnam.
27th Texas Cavalry Regiment
The 27th Texas Cavalry Regiment, at times also known as Whitfield's Legion or 1st Texas Legion or 4th Texas Cavalry Battalion, was a unit of mounted volunteers that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. First organized as the 4th Texas Cavalry Battalion or Whitfield's Legion, the unit served dismounted at Pea Ridge and First Corinth. Additional companies from Texas were added and the unit was upgraded to the 27th Texas Cavalry Regiment or 1st Texas Legion later in 1862. Still dismounted, the unit fought at Iuka and Second Corinth. The regiment was remounted and fought at Holly Springs in 1862, Thompson's Station in 1863, and at Yazoo City, Atlanta, Franklin, and Third Murfreesboro in 1864. The regiment surrendered to Federal forces in May 1865 and its remaining soldiers were paroled.

Stephen B. Oates
Stephen Baery Oates (January 5, 1936 – August 20, 2021) was an American historian. He was a professor of history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He specialized in the American Civil War era and authored numerous books.
Wheelchair tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's singles
The women's singles wheelchair tennis tournament at the 2020 Paralympic Games in Tokyo is held at the Ariake Tennis Park in Kōtō, Tokyo from 28 August and 3 September 2021.

The reigning champion was Jiske Griffioen, who was not defending her title, having retired in 2017.

Diede de Groot succeeded in the fourth leg of a Golden Slam, having won the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon earlier in the year.

2021 Wimbledon Championships – Wheelchair women's singles
Diede de Groot defeated Kgothatso Montjane in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the ladies' singles wheelchair tennis title at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. It was her third Wimbledon singles title, completed a non-calendar-year Grand Slam, and was the third step in an eventual Super Slam.

Aniek van Koot was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Jordanne Whiley.
Ford Transit Bus
The Ford Transit Bus was a medium-duty transit bus produced by Ford from 1936 to 1947. The engine was originally placed at the front, but a rear-engine version replaced the original design in 1939. Ford constructed the chassis, which were then fitted with bodies constructed by the Union City Body Company of Union City, Indiana. Canadian versions were built from chassis fabricated in Windsor and bodies produced by Brantford Coach & Body, from 1941 to 1943.

Midibus
A midibus is a classification of single-decker minibuses which are generally larger than a traditional minibus but smaller than a full-size single decker and can be anywhere between 8 metres (26 ft 3 in) and 11 metres (36 ft 1 in) long. While used in many parts of the world, the midibus is perhaps most common in the United Kingdom, where operators have found them more economical, and to have a sufficient number of seats compared to full size single-decker buses.

Midibuses are often designed to be lightweight to save on diesel fuel (e.g. smaller wheels than on larger buses), making them not as durable as heavier 'full size' buses. Some midibuses, such as the Scania OmniTown, are heavier and therefore more durable.
In some places such as Hong Kong, some bus routes have to be served by midibuses due to the winding roads along such routes.
Nowie, Victoria
Nowie is a locality in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 26 km from Swan Hill, Victoria.

A Post Office opened as Hill's around 1914, was renamed Nowie South in 1915 and closed in 1918. A Nowie North Post Office opened on 1 July 1923 and closed in 1958.

Swan Hill
Swan Hill is a city in the northwest of Victoria, Australia on the Murray Valley Highway and on the south bank of the Murray River, downstream from the junction of the Loddon River. At the 2021 census, Swan Hill had a population of 11,508.
MACHO Project
In astronomy, the MACHO Project was an observational search during 1992-1999 for dark matter around our Milky Way galaxy in the form of hypothetical Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs), using the method of gravitational microlensing. 
It was one of three first-generation microlensing searches started in the early 1990s, the others being the independent EROS and OGLE projects. The MACHO project was carried out by a team of US and Australian astronomers; observations used the 1.27-metre (50-inch) telescope at the Mount Stromlo Observatory near Canberra, which was dedicated to the project full-time from 1992 until 1999. The project did not solve the dark matter problem, but placed important upper limits on the fraction of dark matter in MACHOs across a wide range of masses, and achieved several notable discoveries in the field of microlensing, and new results on several classes of variable stars.

Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) is a Polish astronomical project based at the University of Warsaw that runs a long-term variability sky survey (1992–present). The main goals are the detection and classification of variable stars (pulsating and eclipsing), discovery of microlensing events, dwarf novae, and studies of the structure of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Since the project began in 1992, it has discovered a multitude of extrasolar planets, together with the first planet discovered using the transit method (OGLE-TR-56b) and gravitational microlensing. The project has been led by professor Andrzej Udalski since its inception.
Benoît Saint Denis
Benoît Saint Denis (born December 18, 1995), also known by his initials BSD, is a French professional mixed martial artist and former French Army Special Forces soldier who currently competes in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of February 3, 2026, he is #5 in the UFC lightweight rankings.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
Corral de comedias de Almagro
Corral de comedias de Almagro ("Courtyard theatre of Almagro") is located at Plaza Mayor in Almagro, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. The building is the best preserved example of the corral de comedias of the 17th century.

Rediscovered during the renovation of the Plaza Mayor in 1953, it was inaugurated on 29 May 1954 with a play by Calderon de la Barca. 
The Festival Internacional de Teatro Clásico (International Classical Theatre Festival), is annually celebrated at the corral.

Almagro, Ciudad Real
Almagro (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈmaɣɾo]) is a town and municipality situated in Ciudad Real province, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. A tourist destination, Almagro is designated a Conjunto histórico, a type of conservation area.

Almagro lies within small Paleozoic mountain ranges, with some reserves of shallow creeks, including the Pellejero and de Cuetos. It also lies within a volcanic zone (Cerro de la Yezosa), which lies upon a quartzite massif. It makes the zone particularly unique, together with that of the zones of Olot and Cabo de Gata, in the sense that it is one of the few important zones of volcanic origin in the Iberian Peninsula. An International Festival of Classical Theater has also been celebrated here annually since 1978.
Roberta Alexander
Roberta Alexander (March 3, 1949 – October 14, 2025) was an American operatic soprano. She began her career as a lyric soprano in 1975 and spent the next three decades performing principal roles with opera houses internationally, based in the Netherlands. She was celebrated for her performances of Mozart characters like Elettra, Fiordiligi, and Countess Almaviva, performed first at the Opernhaus Zürich with Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting. She was a leading soprano at the Metropolitan Opera from 1983 to 1991, particularly successful with roles such as Mimì in Puccini's La bohème and the title role in Janáček's Jenůfa. She later performed secondary character roles and taught voice.

Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Dutch: Koninklĳk Concertgebouworkest, pronounced [ˌkoːnɪŋklə kɔnˈsɛrtxəbʌu.ɔrˌkɛst]) is a Dutch symphony orchestra, established in 1888 at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall). It is considered one of the world's leading orchestras. It was known as the Concertgebouw Orchestra until Queen Beatrix conferred the "Royal" prefix upon it in celebration of its centenary in 1988; the prefix was also granted to the concert hall in 2013.
Lakmartin
Lakmartin is a village on the Croatian island of Krk, just to the west of Muraj and Kornić. Administratively, it is part of the town of Krk. As of 2021, it had 32 inhabitants. A chapel dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua (Croatian: Crkva sv. Antun Padovanski) is located in Lakmartin.

Krk
Krk (pronounced [kr̩̂k]; Italian: Veglia; Istro Romanian: Krk; Vegliot Dalmatian: Vikla; archaic German: Vegl, Latin: Curicta; Ancient Greek: Κύρικον, romanized: Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kotar county. Krk is tied with Cres as the largest Adriatic island, depending on the methodology used to measure the coastline. Krk is the most populous island in the Adriatic, with multiple towns and villages that contain a total of 19,916 (2021) inhabitants.
Sciades parkeri
Sciades parkeri, the gillbacker sea catfish, is a species of sea catfish found in coastal rivers in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. While usually no more than 90 cm in length, it can reach lengths of up to 190 cm and weigh up to 50 kg.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc.
AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc., 172 F.3d 1352 (Fed. Cir. 1999) was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the decision of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, which had granted summary judgment to Excel Communications, Inc. and decided that AT&T Corp. had failed to claim statutory subject matter with U.S. Patent No. 5,333,184 (the '184 patent) under 35 U.S.C. § 101. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit remanded the case for further proceedings.

Along with State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group, this case was the most referred case on business method patent with a "useful, concrete and tangible result" test by U.S. courts until Bilski v. Kappos authoritatively overruled it.

Bilski v. Kappos
Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593 (2010), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the machine-or-transformation test is not the sole test for determining the patent eligibility of a process, but rather "a useful and important clue, an investigative tool, for determining whether some claimed inventions are processes under § 101." In so doing, the Supreme Court affirmed the rejection of an application for a patent on a method of hedging losses in one segment of the energy industry by making investments in other segments of that industry, on the basis that the abstract investment strategy set forth in the application was not patentable subject matter.
Wootton St Lawrence
Wootton St Lawrence is a small village in the civil parish of Wootton St Lawrence with Ramsdell, in Hampshire, England, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Basingstoke. The name is derived from the Old English wudu tun meaning woodland settlement or farm.

Oakley, Hampshire
Oakley is a village in the borough of Basingstoke and Deane in Hampshire, England, located around 4.5 miles (7 km) west of Basingstoke. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 5,322. Together with the smaller village of Deane, it forms the Oakley and Deane civil parish renamed as Oakley at the 2011 Census.

Oakley appears in Domesday Book of 1086.

Oakley is divided into two districts, East Oakley and Church Oakley.  The village sits on chalkland. Its village magazine, Link, is published monthly.
The Visitor (short story)
"The Visitor" is a 1965 short story  by British writer Roald Dahl, centred on the fictional Uncle Oswald and the lurid adventures he describes in his elaborate diaries. In this story, set in 1946, Oswald has amorous designs on his Syrian host's wife and teenage daughter, with unfortunate and unexpected consequences.

Switch Bitch
Switch Bitch (1974) is a book of adult short stories by British writer Roald Dahl. Four stories, originally published in Playboy between 1965 and 1974, are collected. They are linked by themes of rape by deception: in each one, some major act of cunning, cruelty, or hedonism underpins the sexuality.

The book is notable for its introduction of the Uncle Oswald character, a wealthy hobbyist and gadabout who stars in both the first and last stories (although the first story seemingly presages his imminent decline and death). He later appeared in Dahl's comic novel for adults, My Uncle Oswald. Oswald is a male fantasy figure described as "the greatest fornicator of all time", his adventures recounted by a nephew who inherits his diaries and decides to edit them for publication. Despite the stories in Switch Bitch being dark and cynical in tone, the Oswald tales are also humorous and satirical, resembling crude comic anecdotes.
Mariastein, Tyrol
Mariastein is the smallest municipality in the Kufstein district in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 4 kilometers north of Wörgl and 11.5 kilometers southwest of Kufstein. Already a fifteenth century pilgrimage destination, it became more popular after a local statue of Mary, which had been removed to Bavaria in the late seventeenth century, was said to have returned to the church in Mariastein on its own.

At the center of the community is a 42-metre-tall Wohnturm, a castle built in the fourteenth century atop a rock outcropping, and which contains 250 stairs. It now houses multiple chapels and a museum.

Kufstein
Kufstein (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊfʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Kufstoa) is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol, the administrative seat of Kufstein District. With a population of about 20,000, it is the second largest Tyrolean town after the state capital Innsbruck. The greatest landmark is Kufstein Fortress, first mentioned in the 13th century. The town was the place of origin of the Austrian noble family Kuefstein.
Enrico Paoli
Enrico Paoli (January 13, 1908 – December 15, 2005) was an Italian International chess master.

He was born in Trieste, Italy, and learned chess when he was nine years old. For many years, he was one of the leading Italian chess players. He was the winner of international tournaments in Vienna (1951) and Imperia (1959). Paoli won his last Italian Championship at age 60, and organized the famous Reggio Emilia chess tournament. He beat Soviet GM Alexander Kotov with the black pieces in Venice in 1950, but missed receiving the Grandmaster title by only half a point at a tournament in 1969. He was awarded an honorary grandmaster title in 1996 by FIDE.

Alexander Kotov
Alexander Alexandrovich Kotov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Ко́тов; (12 August [O.S. 30 July] 1913 – 8 January 1981) was a Soviet chess grandmaster and author. He was a Soviet chess champion, a two-time world title Candidate, and a prolific writer on the subject of chess. Kotov served in high posts in the Soviet Chess Federation, and wrote most of his books during the Cold War. The importance and breadth of Kotov's work rank him among the all-time greats in this field.
Side roads order
A side roads order (SRO) is a statutory order in the UK which authorises a highway authority to make alterations to roads or other highways affected by a trunk road scheme – e.g. stopping up, diverting or connecting them to new trunk road and stopping up and replacing private accesses affected).
It is defined by section 14 of the Highways Act 1980.

Highways Act 1980
The Highways Act 1980 (c. 66) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom dealing with the management and operation of the road network in England and Wales. It consolidated with amendments several earlier pieces of legislation. Many amendments relate only to changes of highway authority, to include new unitary councils and national parks. By virtue of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 and the Environment Act 1995, most references to local authority are taken to also include Welsh councils and national park authorities.

By virtue of the National Assembly for Wales (Transfer of Functions) Order 1999 most references to 'the Minister' are taken to include the Senedd. The act is split into 14 parts covering 345 sections, it also includes 25 schedules.