hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Role of The Doon School in Indian mountaineering
The role of The Doon School in Indian mountaineering describes the formative links between The Doon School, an all-boys boarding school in Dehradun, India, and early, post-Independence Indian mountaineering. From the 1940s onwards, Doon's masters and students like A.E. Foot, R.L. Holdsworth, J.A.K. Martyn, Gurdial Singh, Jack Gibson, Aamir Ali, Hari Dang, Nandu Jayal, were among the first to go on major Himalayan expeditions in a newly independent nation. These early expeditions contributed towards laying the foundation of mountaineering in an independent India. Mountaineer and chronicler Harish Kapadia wrote in his book Across Peaks & Passes in Garhwal Himalaya: "To my mind, it was when Gurdial Singh [then a Doon School master] climbed Trisul in 1951 that was the beginning of the age of mountaineering for Indians."

Mountaineering in India
Mountaineering is quite popular in India, since the entire northern and north-eastern borders are the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. The apex body in India is the Indian Mountaineering Foundation, which is affiliated to the UIAA.

India has several premier mountaineering institutes. The four National Institutes are:

Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, Darjeeling

Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi

Jawahar Institute of Mountaineering and Winter Sports, Pahalgam

National Institute of Mountaineering and Adventure Sports (NIMAS), Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh

Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute, Gangtok

The other institutes are:

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports (ABVIMAS), Manali

Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering, Gulmarg

Swami Vivekanand Institute of Mountaineering, Mount Abu

Guardian Giripremi Institute of Mountaineering (GGIM), Pune, Maharashtra

Giripremi, Pune
Jysk
Jysk A/S (Danish: [ˈjysk]) is a Danish retail chain specializing in household goods, including mattresses, furniture, and interior décor. As Denmark's largest international retailer, Jysk operates more than 3,400 stores across 48 countries. The name "Jysk"—meaning "Jutlandic"—reflects the company's Danish heritage. It was founded by Lars Larsen, who opened the first store on Silkeborgvej in the Danish city of Aarhus in April 1979. Today, Jysk is owned by the family of its founder through the Lars Larsen Group, a holding company that also fully or partially owns furniture chains such as ILVA, IDÉmøbler, IDdesign, Bolia.com, and Sengespecialisten. The company’s logo features a goose, symbolically linked to the brand’s origins. Known for its Scandinavian design, Jysk is sometimes referred to as a smaller-scale Danish IKEA.

ILVA
ILVA is a Danish chain of furniture stores, offering mostly Scandinavian-style bed-, dining- and living room products. The company was founded in 1974, and currently runs eight stores in the Nordic countries. It also had three stores in Britain for about two years, but these were forced to close down during the 2008 financial crisis.

The internationalisation of ILVA reverses the common trend of retail internationalisation offered by literature.  ILVA, rather than making acquisitions of other stores, was acquired by Martin Toogood in 2003, with a view to internationalise into the UK. Martin Toogood believed that there was a gap in the UK middle market of furniture retailing.
Maddison Elliott
Maddison Gae Elliott, OAM (born 3 November 1998) is an Australian swimmer. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, she became the youngest Australian Paralympic medallist by winning bronze medals in the women's 400 m and 100 m freestyle S8 events. She then became the youngest Australian gold medallist when she was a member of the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay 34 points team. At the 2016 Rio Paralympics, she won three gold and two silver medals.

Paralympics Australia
Paralympics Australia (PA) previously called the Australian Paralympic Committee (APC) (1998–2019) is the National Paralympic Committee in Australia for the Paralympic Games movement. It oversees the preparation and management of Australian teams that participate at the Summer Paralympics and the Winter Paralympics.

APC played a major role in Australia's successful bid to host the 2000 Sydney Paralympics. Between the 1996 to 2016 Summer Paralympics, Australia has finished in the top five nations on the medal tally. It is also a successful nation at the Winter Paralympics.
Rafael Portuondo Tamayo
Rafael María Portuondo Tamayo was a Cuban lawyer, revolutionary, and military officer who played a significant role during the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898). Portuondo was closely associated with the eastern theater of the war and was an early supporter of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, founded by José Martí.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
Weekday Cross
Weekday Cross, in the Lace Market area of Nottingham, was the main market area in Nottingham. As the location of the town hall, Nottingham Guild Hall and main market, it was the centre of the town, before the market moved to the Old Market Square.

It was also known as Weekday Market.

Old Market Square, Nottingham
The Old Market Square (Slab Square) is an open, pedestrianised city square in Nottingham, England, forming the heart of the city, and covering an area of approximately 12,000 square metres (130,000 sq ft), or about 3 acres (1.2 ha). It is one of the largest paved squares in the United Kingdom.

Located in the heart of Nottingham City Centre, the square is bounded by Beastmarket Hill to the West, Long Row to the North, and South Parade to the South. The Eastern end of the square is dominated by the Council House, which served as Nottingham's town hall until 2010, when the administration moved to the newly acquired Loxley House on Station Street.

The nature of the square means it is often used for large local events, fairs, concerts, exhibitions and vigils.
Paramartyria anmashana
Paramartyria anmashana is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It was described in 2000 and is known only from Taiwan. The type series was collected at an elevation of 2,200 m (7,200 ft) above sea level on Anmashan (Mount Anma) in Taichung.

The forewing length is 4.3–4.9 mm (0.17–0.19 in) for males and approximately 4.2 mm (0.17 in) for females.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
IT risk management
IT risk management is the application of risk management methods to information technology in order to manage IT risk. Various methodologies exist to manage IT risks, each involving specific processes and steps.

An IT risk management system (ITRMS) is a component of a broader enterprise risk management (ERM) system. ITRMS are also integrated into broader information security management systems (ISMS). The continuous update and maintenance of an ISMS is in turn part of an organisation's systematic approach for identifying, assessing, and managing information security risks.

ISO/IEC 27005
ISO/IEC 27005 "Information technology — Security techniques — Information security risk management" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) providing good practice guidance on managing risks to information.  It is a core part of the ISO/IEC 27000-series of standards, commonly known as ISO27k.

The standard offers advice on systematically identifying, assessing, evaluating and treating information security risks  - processes at the very heart of an ISO27k Information Security Management System (ISMS).  It aims to ensure that organizations design, implement, manage, monitor and maintain their information security controls and other arrangements rationally, according to their information security risks.

The current fourth edition of ISO/IEC 27005 was published in October 2022.
Platino Award for Best Animated Film
The Platino Award for Best Animated Picture (Spanish: Premio Platino a la mejor película de animación) is one of the Platino Awards, Ibero-America's film awards, presented by the Entidad de Gestión de Derechos de los Productores Audiovisuales (EGEDA) and the Federación Iberoamericana de Productores Cinematográficos y Audiovisuales (FIPCA).

Platino Awards
The Platino Awards, known in Spanish as Premios Platino del Cine Iberoamericano ('Platinum Prizes of Ibero-American Cinema'), are Ibero-America's annual film awards.

The awards were established in 2013, and the first awards ceremony took place on 5 April 2014 at the Teatro Anayasi, Panama City. The ceremony continues to take place annually between April and July, and awards are given to films produced during the previous year.

The award itself is a platinum figure with the shape of a woman offering the world with Latin America's map on the center, it was created by designer Javier Mariscal.
Hani al-Hayek
Hani al-Hayek (Arabic: هاني الحايك), full name Hani Naji Attallah Abd al-Masih al-Hayek (Arabic: هاني ناجي عطا الله عبد المسيح), is a Palestinian politician who has served as minister of tourism and antiquities in the Palestinian government since 28 March 2024. He was appointed as part of the cabinet led by Prime Minister Mohammad Mustafa.

Prime Minister of Palestine
The prime minister of the State of Palestine is the head of government of Palestine. The post has been in existence since January 2013, when the Palestinian National Authority was officially renamed into the State of Palestine and replaced the previous position of the prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority.
Florida's 2nd congressional district
Florida's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. The district consists of the eastern part of the Florida Panhandle along with much of the Big Bend region along the Emerald Coast. It straddles both the Eastern and Central time zones. It includes Tallahassee, the state capital, and Panama City. With 49% of its residents living in rural areas, it is the least urbanized district in the state, and the voters are generally conservative. The district is represented by Republican Neal Dunn of Panama City.

Calhoun County, Florida
Calhoun County is a rural county located in the northern panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,648, making it the fifth-least populous county in Florida. Its county seat is Blountstown.
Secret People (film)
Secret People is a 1952 British drama film directed by Thorold Dickinson and produced by Sidney Cole for Ealing Studios, with screenplay by Thorold Dickinson and Wolfgang Wilhelm, acknowledgement to Joyce Cary and additional dialogue by Christianna Brand. It stars Valentina Cortese, Serge Reggiani and Audrey Hepburn. The film provided Audrey Hepburn with her first significant film role.

British Board of Film Classification
The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) is a non-governmental organisation founded by the British film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as television programmes, trailers, adverts, public information/campaigning films, menus, bonus content, etc.) released on physical media within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory requirement to classify all video works released on VHS, DVD, Blu-ray (including 3D and 4K UHD formats), and, to a lesser extent, some video games under the Video Recordings Act 1984. The BBFC was also the designated regulator for the UK age-verification scheme, which was abandoned before being implemented.
Kirchberg, Luxembourg
Kirchberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçbɛʁk] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Kierchbierg, pronounced [kiːɐ̯ɕˈbiːɐ̯ɕ] ⓘ; lit. 'church hill') is a district in north-eastern Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It consists of a plateau overlooking the north-east of the historical city center, Ville Haute, connected to the rest of the elevated city by the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge, which spans the Pfaffenthal valley. It is often referred to, in reference to the geographical feature it inhabits, as the Kirchberg plateau by Luxembourgish residents. Kirchberg is the predominant location of the European Union institutions and bodies based within Luxembourg, and is sometimes used as a metonym for the EU's judiciary, which occupies the district. It is thus the central business district of Luxembourg.

Ville Haute
The Ville-Haute (French pronunciation: [vil ot]; Luxembourgish: Uewerstad, pronounced [ˈu̯əvɐʃtaːt] ⓘ; German: Oberstadt, pronounced [ˈoːbɐʃtat]; all lit. 'High City') is a district in central Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It is the historic center of Luxembourg City and is involved in its UNESCO World Heritage Site status. As of 31 December 2025, the Ville-Haute has a population of 3,513 inhabitants.

The Ville-Haute is home to prestigious squares, buildings and monuments such as Place Guillaume II, Place d'Armes, Notre-Dame Cathedral and Grand Ducal Palace, as well as many government institutions. The Gëlle Fra Monument of Remembrance war memorial is situated on Place de la Constitution.
Cupriavidus basilensis
Cupriavidus basilensis is a gram-negative soil bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and the family  Burkholderiaceae. The complete genome sequence of its type strain has been determined and is publicly available at DNA Data Bank of Japan, European Nucleotide Archive and GenBank, under the accession numbers CP062803, CP062804, CP062805, CP062806, CP062807, CP062808, CP062809 and CP062810.

C. basilensis has the ability to ferment 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural.

Burkholderiaceae
The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). This family was found to be enriched in scale-eating pupfish (Cyprinodon desquamator) guts, even after being fed a common laboratory diet, suggesting it may aid in scale-digestion (Heras and Martin 2022).
Curral Velho (Santiago)
Curral Velho is a settlement in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of Tarrafal. In 2010 its population was 358. It is located 1 km north of Locotano and 11 km southeast of Tarrafal, on the Praia-Assomada-Tarrafal Road (EN1-ST01).

Tarrafal, Cape Verde
Tarrafal (also: Mangui or Mangue) is a city in the northern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010 its population was 6,656. It is a fishing port situated on the northwestern coast. It constitutes the seat of the Tarrafal Municipality.
Załęże, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Załęże [zaˈwɛ̃ʐɛ] (German: Marienwerder) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kozielice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Kozielice, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Pyrzyce, and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 200.

Kozielice, Pyrzyce County
Kozielice [kɔʑɛˈlit͡sɛ] (German: Köselitz) is a village in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kozielice. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Pyrzyce and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
August 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 9 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 11

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 23 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 10, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 28.

Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence (Latin: Laurentius, lit. 'laurelled'; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Valerian in 258.
Pissdale
A pissdale (also written piss-dale and piss dale) is a lead basin or trough that was fitted to the insides of the bulwarks on sailing ships which served as a urinal for the men aboard these ships.  The pissdale was a 17th-century engineering development: prior to this, crewmen either used buckets or, more frequently, simply urinated over the rails of the ship (though this put them at risk of falling overboard and drowning, as few sailors had any ability to swim).  They were akin to a seat of ease, a euphemism for a sitting toilet which was located in the beakhead.

Beakhead
A beakhead or beak is the protruding part of the foremost section of a sailing ship.

Beakheads were fitted on sailing vessels from the 16th to the 18th century and served as working platforms for sailors working the sails of the bowsprit, the forward-pointing mast that carries the spritsails. The beakhead would be one of the most ornate sections of a ship, particularly in the extravagant Baroque-style ships of the 17th century. The sides were often decorated with carved statues and located directly underneath was the figurehead, usually in the form of animals, shields or mythological creatures. The beakhead also housed the crew's toilets (head), which would drop refuse straight into the sea without sullying the ship's hull unnecessarily.
Erica vallis-gratiae
Erica vallis-gratiae is a plant belonging to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in the Riviersonderend Mountains. The habitat is stable and the plant is considered rare.

Erica (plant)
Erica is a genus of roughly 857 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names heath and heather are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance. The genus Calluna was formerly included in Erica; it differs in having even smaller scale-leaves (less than 2–3 millimetres long), and the flower corolla consisting of separate petals. Erica is sometimes referred to as "winter (or spring) heather" to distinguish it from Calluna "summer (or autumn) heather".
Metal–inorganic framework
Metal–inorganic frameworks (MIFs) are a class of compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to inorganic ligands to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures.  They are a subclass of coordination polymers, with the special feature that they are often porous. They are inorganic counterpart of Metal–organic frameworks.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
152 East 38th Street
152 East 38th Street is a historic house located between Lexington and Third avenues in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Constructed in 1858, the house was renovated from 1934 to 1935 and was designated a landmark in 1967 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
1983 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1983 Italian Open was a tennis tournament that was played by men on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy and was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. The women's tournament was played on outdoor clay courts in Perugia, Italy and was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The men's tournament was held from 16 through 22 May 1983 while the women's tournament was played from 2 through 8 May 1983. Jimmy Arias and Andrea Temesvári won the singles titles.

1983 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1983 Volvo Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments, and two team tournaments (the Davis Cup and the World Team Cup). The circuit was administered by the Men's International Professional Tennis Council (MIPTC).
Cylindrobasidium laeve
Cylindrobasidium is a species of fungus in the family Physalacriaceae.

A product which contains Cylindrobasidium laeve as the active ingredient can be used as a mycoherbicide to control Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in South Africa.

Physalacriaceae
The Physalacriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, ranging from the Arctic, (Rhizomarasmius), to the tropics, e.g. Gloiocephala, and from marine sites (Mycaureola) and fresh waters (Gloiocephala) to semiarid forests (Xerula).