hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bull spread
In options trading, a bull spread is a vertical spread options strategy that is designed to profit from a moderate rise in the price of the underlying security.

Because of put–call parity, a bull spread can be constructed using either put options or call options. If constructed using calls, it is a bull call spread (alternatively call debit spread). If constructed using puts, it is a bull put spread (alternatively put credit spread).

Put–call parity
In financial mathematics, the put–call parity defines a relationship between the price of a European call option and European put option, both with the identical strike price and expiry, namely that a portfolio of a long call option and a short put option is equivalent to (and hence has the same value as) a single forward contract at this strike price and expiry. This is because if the price at expiry is above the strike price, the call will be exercised, while if it is below, the put will be exercised, and thus in either case one unit of the asset will be purchased for the strike price, exactly as in a forward contract.

The validity of this relationship requires that certain assumptions be satisfied; these are specified and the relationship is derived below. In practice transaction costs and financing costs (leverage) mean this relationship will not exactly hold, but in liquid markets the relationship is close to exact.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration of the Government of Niger (var. Foreign Ministry) is the government authority responsible for the foreign relations of Niger and its diplomatic corps abroad.  The Foreign Ministry is headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, a political appointment who sits in the Council of Ministers of Niger, reporting directly to the President of Niger. "African Integration" is a reference to the Minister's role in the African Union and its long desired Pan-African project on continental integration.

Minister Bakary Yaou Sangaré has held the post since 2023.

Foreign relations of Niger
Niger pursues a moderate foreign policy and maintains friendly relations with both East and West. It is a member state of the United Nations. Niger maintains a special relationship with France and enjoys close relations with its West African neighbours.
2017 in archosaur paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

The year 2017 in archosaur paleontology was eventful.  Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs,  extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago.  The year 2017 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2017.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Sagaing Region Hluttaw
Sagaing Region Hluttaw (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီးလွှတ်တော်) is the legislature of  Myanmar's Sagaing Region. It is a unicameral body, consisting of 101 members, including 76 elected members and 25 military representatives. As of February 2016, the Hluttaw was led by speaker Than of the National League for Democracy (NLD).

As of the 2015 general election, the NLD won 69 out of the 75 contested seats in the legislature, based on the most recent election results.

Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by Chin State and India's Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh states to the west and north, Kachin State, Shan State, and Mandalay Region to the east and Mandalay Region and Magway Region to the south. The Ayeyarwady River forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of 93,527 square kilometres (36,111 sq mi), making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000. The namesake of Sagaing Region is Sagaing but the administrative capital and largest city is Monywa.
ESSMG Lyon
Éveil sportif Sainte-Marie de la Guillotière de Lyon or Éveil Lyon was a French basketball club that was based in Lyon. The club's name was commonly abbreviated to ESSMG Lyon. The club is now dissolved.

LNB Élite
The LNB Élite, currently known for sponsorship reasons as Betclic Élite, is a professional basketball league in France and is the highest level of the French basketball system. The competition has existed since 1921. Since 1987, the Ligue Nationale de Basket (LNB) has governed the league.

Formerly known as the LNB Pro A, each season consists of 16 teams. The bottom two placed teams from each season are relegated to the second tier level Élite 2. The winner of the play-offs of the league are crowned the French national champions.
Tu cara me suena (American TV series)
Tu cara me suena is an American Spanish-language reality television series that premiered on Univision on October 4, 2020. It is based on both the Endemol format Your Face Sounds Familiar and an adaptation of the Spanish Tu cara me suena. The show is hosted by actress Ana Brenda Contreras, alongside Rafael Araneda.

The series has been renewed for a second season that premiered on March 27, 2022, airing simultaneously on Univision and Las Estrellas.

Your Face Sounds Familiar
Your Face Sounds Familiar (abbreviated as YFSF) is a television reality singing competition franchise. Originating from the Spanish programme Tu cara me suena created and produced by Gestmusic, as well as the format similar to predecessors like Soundmixshow, My Name is..., and Súper Sábado Sensacional segment Buscando una Estrella, it features celebrities and also civilians impersonating on their respective singers through competitive means.
Ialmenus
In Greek mythology, Ialmenus or Ialmenos (/aɪˈælmɪnəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰάλμενος) was a son of Ares and Astyoche, and twin brother of Ascalaphus. Together with his brother he sailed with the Argonauts, among the suitors of Helen, and led the Orchomenian contingent in the Trojan War.

Unlike Ascalaphus, Ialmenus survived the war. He was said to have ended up in Colchis, where he founded a colony, the inhabitants of which were later referred to as the "Achaeans of Pontus".

Argonauts
The Argonauts (/ˈɑːrɡənɔːt/ AR-gə-nawt; Ancient Greek: Ἀργοναῦται, romanized: Argonaûtai, lit. 'Argo sailors') were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War (around 1300 BC) accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. They were sometimes called Minyans, after a prehistoric tribe in the area.
Transgender history in the United States
Historical accounts of transgender people in the land now known as the United States of America date back to at least the early 1600s. Before Western contact, some Native American tribes had third gender people whose social roles varied from tribe to tribe. People dressing and living differently from the gender roles typical of their sex assigned at birth and contributing to various aspects of American history and culture have been documented from the 17th century to the present day. In the 20th and 21st centuries, advances in gender-affirming surgery as well as transgender activism have influenced transgender life and the popular perception of transgender people in the United States.

Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women).

In this binary model, gender and sexuality may be assumed by default to align with one's sex assigned at birth. This may include certain expectations of how one dresses themselves, one's behavior, sexual orientation, names or pronouns, which restroom one uses, and other qualities. For example, when a male is born, gender binarism may assume that the male will be masculine in appearance, have masculine character traits and behaviors, as well as having a heterosexual attraction to females. These expectations may reinforce negative attitudes, biases, and discrimination towards people who display expressions of gender variance or nonconformity or those whose gender identity is incongruent with their birth sex.
SAFE Boats International
Founded in 1997, SAFE Boats International is an American-based boat manufacturer. SAFE stands for Secure All-around Flotation Equipped. Their headquarters is near Seattle in neighboring Bremerton, Washington. SAFE Boats International manufactures vessels for military, law enforcement, fire and rescue, and other agencies. SAFE Boats also provides training program to their customers in driving and maintaining the boats. SAFE Boats International was founded in 1997 by Scott Peterson and William Hansen. Since 1997 SAFE Boats has further expanded to three factory locations in the Port of Bremerton's Olympic View Industrial Park. Their motto is "God, Country and Fast Boats." It is contracted by the General Services Administration (GSA) for procurement by U.S. Federal and Government agencies. The current CEO is Richard Schwarz.

United States Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration. The CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Mookambika Road Byndoor railway station
Mookambika Road Byndoor is a railway station in coastal Karnataka in South India. Its four-letter code is BYNR.

It falls under Karwar railway division of Konkan Railway zone, a subsidiary zone of Indian Railways.

Karwar railway division
Karwar railway division is one of the two railway divisions under Konkan Railway of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 26 January 1998 and its headquarter is located at Karwar in the state of Karnataka of India.

Karwar railway division extends over 395 km (245 mi) from Pernem in Goa to Surathkal in Karnataka. Railway Regions are headed by a Regional Railway Manager.
1953 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1953 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 14. The women's meet was held separately at the Connecticut Street Armory in Buffalo, New York, taking place March 22.

The women's meet was held in conjunction with the JY Cameron Memorial Meet, which featured a long-track men's 4 × 440 yards relay world record.

USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Indoor Track and Field Championships is an annual indoor track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. In years which feature a World Indoor Championships in Athletics, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Birongo
Birongo, also spelled Bilongo, is a spiritual tradition found among Afro-Venezuelans in rural areas of coastal Venezuela in South America, especially that of southern coastal Lake Maracaibo and in the subregion of Barlovento but with similar forms existing in Cuba and the Dominican Republic to describe magico-religious traditions and folk healing of African origins as they are done among Afro-Venezuelans.

Nkisi
Nkisi or Nkishi (plural varies: minkisi, mikisi, zinkisi, or nkisi) are spirits or an object that a spirit inhabits. It is frequently applied to a variety of objects used throughout the Congo Basin in Central Africa, especially in the Territory of Cabinda that are believed to contain spiritual powers or spirits. The term and its concept have passed with the Atlantic slave trade to the Americas.
Phonological history of Old Irish
Old Irish was affected by a series of phonological changes that radically altered its appearance compared with Proto-Celtic and older Celtic languages (such as Gaulish, which still had the appearance of typical early Indo-European languages such as Latin or Ancient Greek). The changes occurred at a fairly rapid pace between 350 and 550 CE.

Homorganic consonant
In phonetics, a homorganic consonant (from Latin homo- 'same' and organ '[speech] organ') is a consonant sound that is articulated in the same place of articulation as another. For example, [p], [b] and [m] are homorganic consonants of one another since they share the bilabial place of articulation. Consonants that are not articulated in the same place are called heterorganic.
2007 French Pacific Women's Handball Cup
The 2007 Women's French Pacific Handball Championship was held in Auckland, New Zealand from 25–26 May 2005, as part of the Women's Pacific Handball Cup.

The competition participants Tahiti, and New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna did not send a team.

The winners were New Caledonia over Tahiti.

Pacific Handball Cup
The Pacific Handball Cup is the official competition for senior national handball teams of Oceania, where dependent territories of other countries such as New Caledonia, Tahiti and Wallis and Futuna (France); American Samoa and Guam (United States); and the Marshall Islands, who are ineligible for International Handball Federation (IHF) world championship events, compete against Oceania nations. This is organised by the Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF).
Spacing Modifier Letters
Spacing Modifier Letters is a Unicode block containing characters for the IPA, UPA, and other phonetic transcriptions. Included are the IPA tone marks, and modifiers for aspiration and palatalization. The word spacing indicates that these characters occupy their own horizontal space within a line of text. Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Modifier Letters.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Edouard Kabukapua Bitanga
Edouard Kabukapua Bitanga is a Congolese politician. On 25 November 2007, he was appointed as the Minister of Land of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Antoine Gizenga's second cabinet that ran from 25 November 2007. He is the member of Unified Lumumbist Party (ULP).

Antoine Gizenga cabinet
The Antoine Gizenga cabinet consisted of the Ministers of State, Ministers and Deputy Ministers appointed by Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gizenga was Prime Minister from 30 December 2006 to 10 October 2008.
His first cabinet was appointed on 5 February 2007, with 59 members. A new government was announced on 25 November 2007, with its size reduced to 44 ministers.
2025 International Crown
The 2025 Hanwha LifePlus International Crown was a women's golf team event organized by the LPGA, played 23–26 October at New Korea Country Club in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. This was the fifth International Crown, a biennial match play event contested between teams of four players representing seven countries and a world team.

Austraia defeated the United States in the final match.

International Crown
The Hanwha LifePlus International Crown is a biennial women's professional team golf tournament on the LPGA Tour. Eight national teams of four players each (32 players in total) participate in the match play event. Beginning in 2025, the field will consist of seven national teams of four players each, and one team of players representing other countries not qualified (one player each from the Americas, Europe/Middle East, Asia, and Africa/Oceania regional).
Jasienica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Jasienica [jaɕɛˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Łoniów, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 76 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Łoniów
Łoniów [ˈwɔɲuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łoniów. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.
Boot ROM
Boot ROM is a piece of read-only memory (ROM) that is used for booting a computer system. It contains instructions that are run after the CPU is reset to the reset vector, and it typically loads a bootloader. There are two types of boot ROM: a mask boot ROM that cannot be changed afterwards, and a writable boot ROM such as an EEPROM or a flash memory chip.

EFuse
In computing, an eFuse (electronic fuse) is a microscopic fuse put into a computer chip. This technology was invented by IBM in 2004 to allow for the dynamic real-time reprogramming of chips. In the abstract, computer logic is generally "etched" or "hard-wired" onto a chip and cannot be changed after the chip has finished being manufactured.  By utilizing a set of eFuses, a chip manufacturer can allow for the circuits on a chip to change while it is in operation.
Thyristor-switched capacitor
A thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC) is a type of equipment used for compensating reactive power in electrical power systems.  It consists of a power capacitor connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve and, usually, a current limiting reactor (inductor). The thyristor switched capacitor is an important component of a Static VAR Compensator (SVC), where it is often used in conjunction with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). Static VAR compensators are a member of the Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) family.

AC power
In an electric circuit, instantaneous power is the time rate of flow of energy past a given point of the circuit. In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductors and capacitors may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. Its SI unit is the watt.

The portion of instantaneous power that, averaged over a complete cycle of the AC waveform, results in net transfer of energy in one direction is known as instantaneous active power, and its time average is known as active power  or real power.: 3  The portion of instantaneous power that results in no net transfer of energy but instead oscillates between the source and load in each cycle due to stored energy is known as instantaneous reactive power, and its amplitude is the absolute value of reactive power.: 4
ITPR2
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2, also known as ITPR2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ITPR2 gene.  The protein encoded by this gene is both a receptor for inositol triphosphate and a calcium channel.

Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.

Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
ISO 3166-2:SR
ISO 3166-2:SR is the entry for Suriname in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Suriname, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for ten districts.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is SR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Suriname. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
55th New York State Legislature
The 55th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3 to July 2, 1832, during the fourth year of Enos T. Throop's governorship, in Albany.

Tompkins County, New York
Tompkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,740. The county seat is Ithaca. The name is in honor of Daniel D. Tompkins, who served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Tompkins County comprises the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Cornell University, Ithaca College and Tompkins Cortland Community College.