hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 474
NGC 474 is an elliptical galaxy about 100 million light years distant in the constellation Pisces. This large galaxy is known to possess tidal shells and tidal tails, although their origins remain unclear. One possible explanation is that NGC 474 interacted with a galaxy several billion years ago.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
Rhode Island Department of Education
The Rhode Island Department of Education (RIDE) is a state agency in Rhode Island that oversees the elementary and secondary education system from pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. It is headquartered in Providence. RIDE works closely with the Rhode Island Office of the Postsecondary Commissioner (RIOPC), the agency charged with overseeing higher education. Together, RIDE and RIOPC aim to provide an aligned, cohesive, and comprehensive education for all students.

The current Commissioner for RIDE is Angélica Infante-Green, a former Deputy Commissioner at the New York State Education Department, who was nominated by Governor Gina M. Raimondo in March 2019. Infante-Green was confirmed by the Rhode Island Council on Elementary and Secondary Education on March 26, 2019.

New York State Education Department
The New York State Education Department (NYSED) is the department of the New York state government responsible for the supervision for all public schools in New York and all standardized testing, as well as the production and administration of state tests and Regents Examinations. In addition, the State Education Department oversees higher education, cultural institutions such as museums and libraries, vocational rehabilitation, and the licensing of numerous professions. It is headed by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York (USNY) and administered by the Commissioner of Education.

Its regulations are compiled in title 8 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations. The main offices of the department are housed in the New York State Department of Education Building, located at 89 Washington Avenue in Albany, the state capital.

Each year New York spends around $32,000 per student, which is 90% more than the average in the US.
UCLouvain Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning
The Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning (in French: Faculté d'architecture, d'ingénierie architecturale, d'urbanisme), often called LOCI, is the 14th faculty of the University of Louvain, Belgium. It became an independent faculty in 2009, with the merger of three institutes founded between 1867 and 1882, and is active in Brussels (Saint-Gilles), Tournai and Louvain-la-Neuve.

Nonprofit organization laws by jurisdiction
Laws regulating nonprofit organizations, nonprofit corporations, non-governmental organizations, and voluntary associations vary in different jurisdictions. They all play a critical role in addressing social, economic, and environmental issues. These organizations operate under specific legal frameworks that are regulated by the respective jurisdictions in which they operate. Such law can facilitate the workings of nonprofit organizations, but they can also hamper their functioning.
2008–09 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup
The 2008–2009 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup events and season-long competition took place between 19 October 2008 and 25 January 2009 and is sponsored by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Nine events were organised, the same as the 2007–2008 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup, although the events in Liévin and Hoogerheide were replaced with Nommay, a former World Cup race, and Roubaix, which was first held in 2006. Hoogerheide hosts the 2009 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

Grand Prix Adrie van der Poel
The Grand Prix Adrie van der Poel is a cyclo-cross race held in Hoogerheide, Netherlands, which is part of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and normally the final World Cup race. The race is named after former cyclo-cross world champion Adrie van der Poel.

The first edition was held at the end of the cyclocross season of 1999-2000, when Adrie van der Poel retired from professional cyclocross racing. This was his last race, organised to honour him in his home village. The race was such a success, that it became a yearly venue. In 2003 the race became part of the UCI World Cup.

Van der Poel himself spotted the site in 1999 during a walk along the Scheldeweg. With a meadow, small woodland, lower fields and the steep incline of the Brabantse Wal (wall of Brabant), it was a great spot for a cyclo-cross with the capacity to host a large crowd. Adrie van der Poel designed the first parcours and still tweeks it to improve it every year.
Kempf–Ness theorem
In algebraic geometry, the Kempf–Ness theorem, introduced by George Kempf and Linda Ness (1979), gives a criterion for the stability of a vector in a representation of a complex reductive group. If the complex vector space is given a norm that is invariant under a maximal compact subgroup of the reductive group, then the Kempf–Ness theorem states that a vector is stable if and only if the norm attains a minimum value on the orbit of the vector.

The theorem has the following consequence: If X is a complex smooth projective variety and if G is a reductive complex Lie group, then  (the GIT quotient of X by G) is homeomorphic to the symplectic quotient of X by a maximal compact subgroup of G.

Geometric invariant theory
In mathematics, geometric invariant theory (or GIT) is a method for constructing quotients by group actions in algebraic geometry, used to construct moduli spaces. It was developed by David Mumford in  1965, using ideas from the paper (Hilbert 1893)  in  classical invariant theory.

Geometric invariant theory studies an action of a group G on an algebraic variety (or scheme) X and provides techniques for forming the 'quotient' of X by G as a scheme with reasonable properties. One motivation was to construct moduli spaces in algebraic geometry as quotients of schemes parametrizing marked objects. In the 1970s and 1980s the theory developed interactions with symplectic geometry and equivariant topology, and was used to construct moduli spaces of objects in differential geometry, such as instantons and monopoles.
Sports in Nepal
Sport in Nepal is an important part of Nepalese culture, encompassing both traditional Nepalese games and modern international disciplines. While Nepal has a long history of traditional sports, the contemporary era is dominated by cricket, football, and volleyball.

On May 23, 2017, the Government of Nepal officially declared volleyball as the national sport, succeeding traditional games like dandi biyo and kabaddi, which were previously considered the de facto national games.

Dandi biyo
Dandi biyo (Nepali: डन्डी बियो, pronounced [ˈɖʌɳɖi ˈbijo] ⓘ)  is a game played in Nepal which was considered the de facto national game until 23 May 2017, when volleyball was declared as the national sport. Dandi biyo is played with a stick (dandi) about 2 feet (61 cm) long and a wooden pin (biyo) about 6 inches (15 cm) long. The pin is a small wooden stick with pointed ends. The game is similar to the Indian game gilli danda. The government has not implemented any policies for the preservation of dandi biyo, and with decreasing players the game is expected to be extinct soon.
Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski
Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski was born before 1620 at Klevan the eldest son of Nicholas George Czartoryski and Isabella Korecka.

He obtained his doctorate in theology in Rome and was ordained to the priesthood. 
He was Secretary to King Władysław IV, in 1651, he was the Bishop of Poznań and in 1655 become Bishop of Kuyavia.

During the Swedish invasion (the Deluge) he took refuge with King Jan Kazimierz in Silesia, where he stayed until July 1657.

On 15 April 1673 after the death of primate Mikołaj Prażmowski he took over his office.

He died on 15 May 1674 at Warsaw, Poland.

His nephew was Jan Joachim Tarło, bishop of Poznań.

Diocese of Kruszwica
Bishops of Kujawy (later known as bishops of Włocławek) are the bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kujawy (1133–1818), Roman Catholic Diocese of Kujawy–Kalisz (1818–1925) and Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek (from 1925).
William Montague Ferry
William Montague Ferry Sr. (September 8, 1796 – December 30, 1867) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary, and community leader who founded several settlements in Ottawa County, Michigan. He became known as the father of Grand Haven and father of Ottawa County.

Henry Clay Hall
Henry Clay Hall Jr. (January 3, 1860 – November 9, 1936) was an American attorney and commissioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission, appointed by president Woodrow Wilson in 1914 and who served on the Commission from March 21, 1914, to January 13, 1928.  He served as Chairman of the Commission from 1917 to 1918 and again in 1924.
Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
The MAK – Museum of Applied Arts (German: Museum für angewandte Kunst) is an arts and crafts museum located at Stubenring 5 in Vienna's 1st district Innere Stadt. Besides its traditional orientation towards arts and crafts and design, the museum especially focuses on architecture and contemporary art. The museum has been at its current location since 1871. Since 2004 the building is illuminated in the evenings by the permanent outdoor installation "MAKlite" of American artist James Turrell. In 2015 the MAK became the first museum to use bitcoin to acquire art, when it purchased the screensaver "Event listeners" of van den Dorpel. With over 300,000 objects displayed online, the MAK presents the largest online collection within the Austrian Federal Museums. The audio guide to this museum is provided as a web-based app.

Rudolph Schindler (architect)
Rudolph Michael Schindler (born Rudolf Michael Schlesinger; September 10, 1887 – August 22, 1953) was an Austrian-born American architect whose most important works were built in or near Los Angeles during the early to mid-twentieth century.

Although he worked and trained with some of its foremost practitioners, he often is associated with the fringes of the modernist movement in architecture. His use of complex three-dimensional forms, "warm" materials, and striking colors, as well as his ability to work within tight budgets, however, have placed him as one of the mavericks of early twentieth century architecture. Reyner Banham said he designed "as if there had never been houses before."
Tilba, New South Wales
Central Tilba and Tilba Tilba are two villages near the Princes Highway in Eurobodalla Shire, New South Wales, Australia. At the 2021 census, Central Tilba and surrounding areas had a population of 342 (Tilba Tilba had 102).

Central Tilba is located around 10 kilometres (6 mi) south south west of Narooma and is 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Bega. The entire village is classified by the National Trust as the Central Tilba Conservation Area.

Behind the towns sits Gulaga / Mount Dromedary, an extinct volcano which created the geological composition of the area, including the nearby Najanuka/Little Dromedary Mountain to the south.

Eurobodalla Shire
Eurobodalla Shire is a local government area located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located in a largely mountainous coastal region and situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea, the Princes Highway and the Kings Highway.

The mayor of Eurobodalla Shire Council is Cr. Mathew Hatcher, an unaligned politician.

He is also the youngest mayor, in the modern-era, ever for the Eurobodalla. The Deputy Mayor, Cllr Alison Worthington, is the first female Deputy Mayor for the Eurobodalla.
Conantokin G
Conantokin G is a naturally occurring 17-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the deadly marine cone snail Conus geographus. It has the amino acid sequence GEXXLQXNQXLIRXKSN, where X = gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid, a post-translationally modified derivative of glutamic acid with two COOH groups. It has sedative and analgesic effects in mice, acting as an NMDA receptor antagonist.

NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.

Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, and ketobemidone.

Some NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used recreationally for their dissociative, hallucinogenic, and euphoriant properties. When used recreationally, they are classified as dissociative drugs.
2006 Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open
The 2006 Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open was an ATP tournament held at Cricket Club of India in Mumbai, India and played on outdoor hard courts. The tournament was part of the ATP International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour and was held from September 25 to October 2.

Dmitry Tursunov won his only title of the year, and the 1st of his career.

2006 ATP Tour
The 2006 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2006 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.

In singles, Roger Federer dominated the season. He won twelve tournaments, including three majors (Australian Open, Wimbledon and the US Open), four Masters Series titles (Indian Wells, Miami Open, Madrid Open and Rogers Cup) and the year-end championship. He finished the year with a 92–5 record.
Kachuz
Kachuz (Persian: كچوز, also Romanized as Kachūz; also known as Gachūz) is a village in Bazoft Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 89, in 14 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Bazoft-e Pain Rural District
Bazoft-e Pain Rural District (Persian: دهستان بازفت پايين) is in Bazoft District of Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Bazoft. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Dehnash, now in Bazoft-e Bala Rural District.
Gransdorf
Gransdorf is municipality in western Germany, near Bitburg. It belongs to the district Bitburg-Prüm, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
In 1098 it was mentioned the first time as "Grandesdorf" in a letter of Heinrich IV.

Bitburg-Prüm
The Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (Luxembourgish: Äifelkrees Béibreg-Prüm) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) Luxembourg, Belgium and the districts of Euskirchen, Vulkaneifel, Bernkastel-Wittlich and Trier-Saarburg.
780 Naval Air Squadron
780 Naval Air Squadron (780 NAS)  was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN) which last disbanded at HMS Seahawk, RNAS Culdrose in November 1949. 780 Naval Air Squadron formed at HMS Raven, RNAS Eastleigh as a Conversion Course Unit, in October 1939, to train experienced civilian pilots in naval flying. It moved to HMS Daedalus, RNAS Lee-on-Solent, in October 1940, and later, its role had changed to converting pilots to Fairey Barracuda aircraft. It spent a year at RNAS Charlton Horethorne, before returning to HMS Daedalus and disbanded, early 1945. In March 1946, the squadron reformed at HMS Godwit, RNAS Hinstock, as the Naval Advanced Flying School, to give flying instructors' courses, and later provided Instrument Flying Training. In December, the squadron moved to HMS Jackdaw, RNAS Crail, then in March 1947 moved to HMS Merlin, RNAS Donibristle, and in May to HMS Seahawk as the first resident unit.

Hawker Hart
The Hawker Hart is a British two-seater biplane light bomber aircraft that saw service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was designed during the 1920s by Sydney Camm and manufactured by Hawker Aircraft. The Hart was a prominent British aircraft in the inter-war period, but was obsolete and already side-lined for newer monoplane aircraft designs by the start of the Second World War, playing only minor roles in the conflict before being retired.

Several major variants of the Hart were developed, including a navalised version for the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers. The Hart was also operated by foreign nations, including Sweden, Yugoslavia, Estonia, South Africa, and Canada.
Donnchad mac Cellacháin
Donnchad mac Cellacháin (fl. 961–963) was a son of Cellachan of Cashel who is alleged to have briefly ruled as King of Cashel and Munster from 961 until 963, when he was murdered by his brother.

Although in some popular accounts he is succeeded immediately by Mathgamain mac Cennétig of the Dál gCais, the latter was not "full" king of Munster until around the year 970, as admitted in a Dál gCais source, the Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib.

It is possible that Máel Muad mac Brain of the Eóganacht Raithlind actually claimed the overkingship in Munster as early as 959, and so if actually king at all Donnchad may only have been titular king of Cashel itself.

Eóganacht Raithlind
Eóganacht Raithlind or Uí Echach Muman are a branch of the Eóganachta, the ruling dynasty of Munster in southwest Ireland during the 5th-10th centuries. They took their name from Raithlinn or Raithleann described  around the area of Bandon, in the same area. Archaeologists believe that Garranes Ringfort in Templemartin parish, near Bandon, County Cork may have been Rath Raithleann, the royal seat of the Eóganacht Raithleann. They are descended from Mac Cass, the son of Conall Corc, the first King of Cashel, through Mac Cass' son Echu.
Architecture of Chennai
Chennai architecture is a confluence of many architectural styles. From ancient Tamil temples built by the Pallavas, to the Indo-Saracenic style (pioneered in Madras) of the colonial era, to 20th-century steel and chrome of skyscrapers. Chennai has a colonial core in the port area, surrounded by progressively newer areas as one travels away from the port, punctuated with old temples, churches and mosques.

As of 2014, Chennai city, within its corporation limits covering 426 sq km, has about 625,000 buildings, of which about 35,000 are multi-storied (with four and more floors). Of these, nearly 19,000 are designated as commercial ones.

College of Engineering, Guindy
The College of Engineering, Guindy (CEG) is a public engineering college situated in Chennai, India. It is Asia's oldest technical institution, founded in 1794. It is also the oldest technical institution to be established outside Europe.
EWS-UX
EWS-UX is a Unix operating system used by NEC Corporation for its EWS4800 line of engineering workstations. EWS-UX is based largely on versions of Unix System V supplemented with BSD software. It was widely used from the late 1980s to around 2000.

R4000
The R4000 is a microprocessor developed by MIPS Computer Systems that implements the MIPS III instruction set architecture (ISA). Officially announced on 1 October 1991, it was one of the first 64-bit microprocessors and the first MIPS III implementation. In the early 1990s, when RISC microprocessors were expected to replace CISC microprocessors such as the Intel i486, the R4000 was selected to be the microprocessor of the Advanced Computing Environment (ACE), an industry standard that intended to define a common RISC platform. ACE ultimately failed for a number of reasons, but the R4000 found success in the workstation and server markets.
Digital terrestrial television in Sweden
Digital terrestrial television was launched in Sweden in 1999. The shutdown of the analogue equivalent started on September 19, 2005, and was finalized on October 15, 2007.

The network uses the DVB-T-standard and broadcasts several free-to-air and encrypted channels on a number of multiplexes. The majority of the channels are encrypted and viewing them requires a decoding card.

SVT2
SVT2 (SVT Två; commonly referred to as Tvåan) is one of the two main television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden.

Launched in 1969 by Sveriges Radio, the channel was until the 1990s the most watched in Sweden but now serves as SVT's specialist television network, carrying more highbrow and minority programming compared to the more mainstream SVT1.
Albert Jorquera
Albert Jorquera Fortià (born 3 March 1979) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent the bulk of his career with Barcelona (ten years, including loans), during which time he was never more than second or third choice. He left the club in 2009, and signed with Girona.

2008–09 UEFA Champions League
The 2008–09 UEFA Champions League was the 54th edition of Europe's premier club football tournament and the 17th edition under the current UEFA Champions League format. The final was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy, on 27 May 2009. It was the eighth time the European Cup final has been held in Italy and the fourth time it has been held at the Stadio Olimpico. The final was contested by the defending champions, Manchester United, and Barcelona, who had last won the tournament in 2006. Barcelona won the match 2–0, with goals from Samuel Eto'o and Lionel Messi, securing The Treble in the process. In addition, both UEFA Cup finalists, Werder Bremen and Shakhtar Donetsk featured in the Champions League group stage.

Anorthosis Famagusta of Cyprus and BATE Borisov of Belarus were the first teams from their respective countries to qualify for the group stage. Romanian side CFR Cluj and Russian champions Zenit Saint Petersburg also made their Champions League debuts.
Talal Al-Enezi
Talal Al-Enezi (Arabic: طلال العنزي; born December 28, 1985) is a Kuwaiti judoka, who played for the half-heavyweight category. Al-Enezi represented Kuwait at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's half-heavyweight class (100 kg). He lost his first preliminary match by an ippon and a hane goshi (spring hip throw) to Kazakhstan's Askhat Zhitkeyev. Because his opponent advanced further into the final, Al-Enezi offered another shot for the bronze medal by entering the repechage rounds. He was defeated in his first match by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Amel Mekić, who successfully scored an ippon and a tani otoshi (valley drop), at three minutes and thirty-four seconds.

Askhat Zhitkeyev
Askhat Rasulovich Zhitkeyev (Kazakh: Asqat Rasulūly Jıtkeev, born 13 April 1981) is a Kazakh judoka. He won a silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in the ‍–‍100 kg division and a bronze medal at the 2001 world judo championships in the ‍–‍100 kg division. He won three bronze medals at the ‍–‍100 kg category at the Asian Games.