hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll c
Chlorophyll c refers to forms of chlorophyll found in certain marine algae, including the photosynthetic Chromista (e.g. diatoms and brown algae) and dinoflagellates. These pigments are characterized by their unusual chemical structure, with a porphyrin as opposed to the chlorin (which has a reduced ring D) as the core; they also do not have an isoprenoid tail. Both these features stand out from the other chlorophylls commonly found in algae and plants.

It has a blue-green color and is an accessory pigment, particularly significant in its absorption of light in the 447–520 nm wavelength region. Like chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, it helps the organism gather light and passes a quanta of excitation energy through the light harvesting antennae to the photosynthetic reaction centre.

Chlorophyll c can be further divided into chlorophyll c1, chlorophyll c2, and chlorophyll c3, plus at least eight other more recently found subtypes.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
The Humanitarian Forum
The Humanitarian Forum is an international network of NGOs, bringing together both Muslim and Western charities.

The Humanitarian Forum was founded by Dr Hany El-Banna in 2005 and is registered in UK as a charity.

The goal of the Humanitarian Forum is to help create a conducive, unbiased and safe environment for the implementation of technically sound and principled humanitarian action by;

- providing a platform for dialogue,

- promoting mutual understanding,

- supporting capacity building and development of NGOs and charities,

- advocating for a legal framework for greater transparency and accountability,

- promoting humanitarian principles and standards and

- improving communication and co-operation

Dr. Hany El Banna, founder of Islamic Relief and chairman of the Muslim Charities Forum, is the president of The Humanitarian Forum.

Islamic Relief
Islamic Relief Worldwide is an international non-governmental organization founded in the United Kingdom in 1984. It has international headquarters in Birmingham and a network of national offices, affiliated partners, registered branches and country offices spread over more than 40 countries.

The charity typically assists more than 10 million people each year through emergency response, and development programmes in areas including education, health and livelihood support. It also advocates on behalf of those in need, focusing particularly in its campaigns on climate change, the rights of women and girls, and supporting refugees and displaced people.

Islamic Relief has been registered with the Charity Commission of England and Wales since 1989 and is an independent, non-political non-governmental organisation. In 2024, Islamic Relief's income was £275.6 million.
FlowTex
The FlowTex Technology GmbH & Co. KG, located in Ettlingen, Baden, was a company that engaged in fraudulent activity involving horizontal drilling machines for laying underground pipelines. Between 1994 and 1999, almost 4.2 billion Deutsche Marks in damages were incurred. According to widespread estimates, this was the largest case of white-collar crime in German history up to that point.

During the investigation, 55 searches were conducted, and 123 proceedings were initiated against 110 suspects. The four main perpetrators received a total of 58 years in prison, and two FDP state ministers lost their positions. The prosecution calculated the damage at 4.9 billion DM (adjusted for purchasing power, roughly 3.7 billion EUR today), including approximately 0.7 billion DM that would have been deposited into the company's account for the FlowTex bond issued by Commerzbank and Dresdner Bank, three days after the arrest of the main perpetrator, Manfred Schmider.

Directional drilling
Directional drilling (or slant drilling) is the practice of drilling non-vertical bores. It can be broken down into four main groups: oilfield directional drilling, utility installation directional drilling, directional boring (horizontal directional drilling - HDD), and surface in seam (SIS), which horizontally intersects a vertical bore target to extract coal bed methane.
Wilhelm Brenneke
Wilhelm Brenneke was a German inventor of small arms ammunition, including the Brenneke shotgun slug. He was born in 1865 in Hanover and died in 1951, from natural causes. The Brenneke company remains in his family's hands and is still successful.

Gewehr 98
The Gewehr 98 (abbreviated G98, Gew 98, or M98) is a bolt-action rifle made by Mauser for the German Empire as its service rifle from 1898 to 1935.

The Gewehr 98 action, using a 5-round stripper clip loaded with the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge, successfully combined and improved several bolt-action engineering concepts which were soon adopted by many other countries, including the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan. The Gewehr 98 replaced the earlier Gewehr 1888 as the main German service rifle. It first saw combat in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion and was the main German infantry service rifle of World War I. The Gewehr 98 saw further military use by the Ottoman Empire and Nationalist Spain.

It was eventually replaced by the Karabiner 98k, a carbine version using the same design, for the Wehrmacht under Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.
Isabel Góis
Isabel Góis (born 10 October 1995) is a Portuguese handball player for Madeira Andebol SAD and the Portuguese national team. In 2022, she returned to her former team Madeira Andebol SAD, after four years in Germany.

She represented Portugal at the 2024 European Women's Handball Championship.

Madeira Andebol SAD
Madeira Andebol S.A.D., known until 1998 as Academico Funchal, is a Portuguese handball club from Funchal. Its women's team has won the national championship a record 15 times since 1994, and it is a regular in the EHF Cup and Cup Winners' Cup's early stages. The male team has won the national league and national cup once, and it has also made several appearances in EHF competitions.

In 2016, the club entered into a partnership with C.S. Marítimo and merged the senior teams. Since then, the club has been known as Académico Marítimo Madeira Andebol SAD and adopted the same sponsors and equipment supplier, Nike, as Marítimo.

In 2023, Madeira Sad merged into C.S. Marítimo the senior teams.
Ulla Berkéwicz
Ulla Berkéwicz (Ursula Unseld-Berkéwicz:  born Ursula Schmidt) (born November 5, 1948) is a German actress, author and (more recently) publisher.   The name "Berkéwicz", which she adopted in 1968 as a stage name, and by which she has since become generally known, is derived from the family name used by her Jewish grandmother, "Berkowitz".

Suhrkamp Verlag
Suhrkamp Verlag is a German publishing house, established in 1950 and is generally acknowledged as one of the leading European publishers of fine literature. Its roots go back to the "arianized" part of the S. Fischer Verlag.
In January 2010, the headquarters of the company moved from Frankfurt to Berlin. Suhrkamp declared bankruptcy in 2013, following a longstanding legal conflict between its owners. In 2015, economist Jonathan Landgrebe was announced as director.
Saskatchewan Huskies women's volleyball
The Saskatchewan Huskies women's volleyball team represents the University of Saskatchewan in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association conference of U Sports women's volleyball. Founded in 1949, the Huskies have won 3 national and 13 regional conference titles. The team plays its home games at the Physical Activity Complex (PAC).

Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Canada West (formally the Canada West Universities Athletic Association or CWUAA) is a regional membership association for universities in Western Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media. This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. Canada West is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Atlantic University Sport (AUS), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round
The 2010 FIA GT1 Algarve round was an auto race held at the Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão, Portugal on 17–19 September 2010.  Serving as the seventh round of the 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season, the FIA GT1 race served as part of the larger Portimão Supercar event and was joined by the FIA GT3 European Championship, GT4 European Cup, and Superleague Formula.  The former FIA GT Championship previously raced at the Algarve circuit in 2009.

Ford GT
The Ford GT is a mid-engine two-seater sports car manufactured and marketed by American automobile manufacturer Ford for the 2005 model year in conjunction with the company's 2003 centenary. The second generation Ford GT became available for the 2017 model year.

The GT recalls Ford's historically significant GT40, a consecutive four-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans (1966–1969), including a 1-2-3 finish in 1966.
Abarth Classiche 1000 SP
The Abarth Classiche 1000 SP is a limited production sports car of which only 5 units were made in 2022.

It was previewed by the Abarth 1000 SP concept, shown in early 2021, inspired by the original 1966 racing car.

Given that the Classiche 1000 SP is based on the Alfa Romeo 4C, it features the same turbocharged 1.75-liter four-cylinder engine which produces 240 PS (177 kW) at 6,000 rpm. Underpinning the car is the same hybrid chassis as the 4C, complete with a carbon fiber central cell, while the front uses aluminum in its construction.

Alfa Romeo 4C
The Alfa Romeo 4C (Type 960) is a two-seat sports car which was manufactured by Maserati and marketed by Alfa Romeo from 2013 until 2020. It was initially made only as a two-door coupé, with a two-door roadster version added in 2015. It has a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, with the 4C name referring to its straight-four engine. The 4C was designed by Marco Tencone and Lorenzo Ramaciotti at Centro Stile Alfa Romeo and was the first car sold in the United States by the Italian brand since 1995.
2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2016–17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 9th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current name, and overall the 52nd edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Pachuca won their fifth title, and their first since 2009–10, by defeating UANL 2–1 on aggregate in the final. As the winner of the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League, Pachuca qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates. América won the previous two tournaments, but did not qualify for this tournament and were unable to defend their title.

Caribbean Football Union
The Caribbean Football Union (CFU) is the representative organization for football associations in the Caribbean. It represents 25 FIFA member nations, as well as 6 territories that are not affiliated with FIFA. The Union was established in January 1978 and its member associations compete in the CONCACAF region.

The CFU runs multiple competitions, including the CFU Club Shield, CONCACAF Caribbean Cup, and youth challenge series.
Yinpan Dam
The Yinpan Dam is a gravity dam on the Wu River in Wulong County of Chongqing Municipality, China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and navigation. It supports a 500-ton ship lift and a 600 MW power station. Construction on the project began in 2005 and it was completed in 2011 with the first generator commissioned in May of the same year, the fourth in December.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Carrie Newcomer
Carrie Newcomer (born May 25, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and author. She has produced 19 solo CDs and has received numerous awards for her music and related charitable activities.  She has collaborated with numerous authors, academics, philosophers and musicians. In 2009 and 2011 she traveled to India as a cultural ambassador, including musical performances organized by the US State Department. In 2012 she made a similar trip to Kenya on behalf of the Interfaith Hunger Initiative.  Her range of causes, activities, collaborations and philosophies significantly influences her music. Newcomer was called "a prairie mystic" by The Boston Globe.

Parker Palmer
Parker J. Palmer is an American author, educator, and activist who focuses on issues in education, community, leadership, spirituality and social change. He has published ten books and numerous essays and poems, and is founder and Senior Partner Emeritus of the Center for Courage and Renewal. His work has been recognized with major foundation grants, several national awards, and fourteen honorary doctorates.
Mal Paharia language
Mal Paharia is a language spoken by 51,000 of 110,000 ethnic Mal Paharia in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in India, and regions of Bangladesh. The language is also known as Mal Pahoria, Malto, Malti, Paharia, Parsi, and Mal Pahariya. It has been variously regarded as a Bengali–Assamese language, a dialect of Malto, and a mixed Dravidian–Indo-Aryan language. There is a generally positive attitude among speakers of the language towards it, but it is considered vulnerable as some speakers have shifted to Bengali. Mal Paharia uses the Devanagari script and rules for its writing, reading, and speech.

Mixed language
A mixed language, also referred to as a hybrid language or fusion language, is a type of contact language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.

Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages. Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, substrata, or lexical borrowing.
Salvia mellifera
Salvia mellifera (Californian black sage, also known as seel by the Mahuna) is a small, highly aromatic, evergreen shrub of the genus Salvia (the sages) native to California, and Baja California, Mexico. It is common in the coastal sage scrub of Southern California and northern Baja California. Black sage has a dark resinous appearance and releases a strong herbal scent when it is touched. This is especially apparent in dry seasons.

Salvia
Salvia (/ˈsælviə/) is the largest genus of plants in the sage family Lamiaceae, with just under 1,000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, Salvia is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae.  One of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes two widely used herbs, Salvia officinalis (common sage, or just "sage") and Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary, formerly Rosmarinus officinalis).

The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas (over 900 total species), with three distinct regions of diversity: Central America and South America (approximately 600 species); Central Asia and the Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90 species).
Seydou Keita
Seydou Keïta (French pronunciation: [sɛdu kɛjta]; anglicised to Keita; born 16 January 1980) is a Malian former professional footballer. A versatile midfielder, he operated as both a central or defensive midfielder. He is both the record appearance holder and scorer of the Mali national football team.

Keita most notably played for Lens (five seasons) and Barcelona (four), winning 14 titles with the latter club after signing in 2008. He started his youth career in Mali and his professional career with Marseille. His career would take him to clubs in France, Spain, China, Italy and Qatar.

Keita represented Mali since the age of 18, appearing in seven Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and winning 102 caps, scoring 25 times. In addition to his Malian nationality, he also has French nationality.

2008–09 La Liga
The 2008–09 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 78th since its establishment. Real Madrid were the defending champions, having won their 31st La Liga title in the previous season. The campaign began on 30 August 2008, and concluded on 31 May 2009. A total of 20 teams contested the league, 17 of which already contested in the 2007–08 season, and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División. A new match ball – the Nike T90 Omni – served as the official ball for all matches.

On 16 May 2009, following Villarreal's 3–2 victory over Real Madrid, Barcelona were declared champions, winning their 19th La Liga title, with three matches to play. Barcelona's Lionel Messi received the inaugural La Liga Award for Best Player from the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional.
Varlar Castle
Varlar Castle (previously known as Varlar Abbey) is located in the Varlar farming community in the municipality of Rosendahl, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Before it was used as a princely residence, it was a Premonstratensian monastery in Münsterland founded by the Counts of Cappenberg. The community there existed from around 1123/24 until secularization in 1803. Afterward, the monastery passed into the possession of the Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm, who took over a large part of the extensive church property and briefly became territorial rulers.

Salm-Horstmar
Salm-Horstmar was a short-lived Napoleonic County in far northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located around Horstmar, to the northeast of Münster. It was created in 1803 for Wild- and Rhinegrave Wilhelm Frederick Charles Augustus of Salm-Grumbach (1799-1865), member of an ancient German House of Salm, following the loss of Grumbach and other territories west of the Rhine to France. The county was mediatised to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1813 and the Wild- and Rhinegrave was awarded a princely title within the Kingdom of Prussia three years later, on 22 November 1816 by Frederick William III of Prussia.
Trimeroceras
Trimeroceras  is a genus of straight oncocerid (Nautilodea, Cephalopoda) from the Silurian (Telychian to Ludlow) of Europe, China, and North America. Originally classified as a part of Gomphoceras, it is now type for the Trimeroceratidae.

It comprises at least five species. Trimeroceras bulbosum and T. cylindricum are found across Eurasia, while T. ellipticum is restricted to Scotland and Wales, and T. gilberti is only known from two specimens from Indiana. Fossils of the former two have been found in Sichuan, China, as well as in Gotland, Sweden and in several localities across the Czech Republic. Another related species, Gomphoceras alphaeus, has been suggested to also belong to Trimeroceras.

Oncocerida
The Oncocerida comprise a diverse group of generally small nautiloid cephalopods known from the Middle Ordovician to the Mississippian (early Carboniferous; one possible member is known from the Early Permian), in which the connecting rings are thin and siphuncle segments are variably expanded (Flower, 1950). At present the order consists of some 16 families, a few of which, such as the Oncoceratidae, Brevicoceratidae, and Acleistoceratidae contain a fair number of genera each while others like the Trimeroceratidae and Archiacoceratidae are represented by only two or three (Sweet, 1964).
KBOZ (AM)
KBOZ (1090 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Bozeman, Montana, United States. The station serves the greater Bozeman area. The station's license is held by Desert Mountain Broadcasting Licenses LLC.

KBOZ shares a transmitter site with KBOZ-FM and KOBB-FM, east of the studios on Johnson Road and Fowler Lane. KBOZ-FM, KOZB, and KOBB-FM all have construction permits to move to a new shared transmitter site on top of Green Mountain, along I-90 east of Bozeman.

On June 1, 2018, KBOZ and its sister stations went off the air.

Effective December 6, 2019, KBOZ and its sister stations' licenses were involuntarily assigned from Reier Broadcasting Company, Inc. to Richard J. Samson, as Receiver. The licenses for these stations were sold to Desert Mountain Broadcasting Licenses LLC for $300,000 in a deal completed on January 31, 2022.

KOZB
KOZB (97.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Livingston, Montana, United States. The station's license is held by Desert Mountain Broadcasting Licenses LLC.

Its transmitter site is east of Bozeman, on Bozeman Trail Road. KBOZ-FM, KOZB, and KOBB-FM all have construction permits to move to a new shared transmitter site on top of Green Mountain, along I-90 east of Bozeman.
CARDCO
CARDCO was a computer peripheral company during the 1980s in Wichita, Kansas, United States.  CARDCO was well known in the Commodore 64 and VIC-20 community because of advertisements in numerous issues of Compute! magazine and availability of their products at large retailers, such as Target.

IEEE 1284
IEEE 1284, also known as the Centronics port, is a standard that defines bi-directional parallel communications between computers and other devices. It was originally developed in the 1970s by Centronics before its IEEE standardization.
Constitutional Party (Malta)
The Constitutional Party (Maltese: Partit Kostituzzjonali) was a pro-British political party in Malta. It had representatives in the Maltese Legislative Assembly and Council of Government between 1921 and 1945, and again between 1950 and 1953, forming a government between 1927 and 1930 with the support of the Labour Party. A splinter group, the Progressive Constitutionalist Party was represented in Parliament between 1962 and 1966. The party was very much centred on the figure (and wealth) of its long-time leader Lord Strickland, with party supporters colloquially known in Maltese as "Stricklandjani".

Parliament of Malta
The Parliament of Malta (Maltese: Il-Parlament ta' Malta) is the constitutional legislative body in Malta, located in Valletta. The parliament is unicameral, with a democratically elected House of Representatives and the president of Malta. By constitutional law, all government ministers, including the prime minister, must be members of the House of Representatives.

Between 1921 and 1933 the Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a Senate (Senat) as well as a Legislative Assembly (Assemblea Leġiżlattiva).