hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aquashicola Creek
Aquashicola Creek (Ahkwa-SHIK-ola), also known as Aquanchicola Creek, or Aquanshicola Creek, is a 20.8-mile-long (33.5 km) tributary of the Lehigh River in the Pocono Mountains in Northeastern Pennsylvania.

The name is derived from the language of the Lenape, meaning "where we fish with the bush net." The creek rises from a swamp to the southeast of Saylorsburg, and flows westward between Chestnut Ridge and Blue Mountain. It meets its major tributary, Buckwha Creek, to the south of Little Gap and joins the Lehigh River at Palmerton.

Northeastern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA or Nepa; sometimes pronounced /ˈniːpɑː/ NEE-pah) is a region of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that includes the Pocono Mountains, and the industrial cities of Scranton (the area's largest city), Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Carbondale. A portion of this region is located in the New York City metropolitan area. Recently, Pennsylvania tourism boards have described Northeastern Pennsylvania as Upstate Pennsylvania.

Unlike most other parts of the Rust Belt, some of the communities are experiencing a modest population increase, and others, including Monroe and Pike counties, rank among the state's fastest growing counties.

Northeastern Pennsylvania borders the Pennsylvania Wilds to the west, the New York State Southern Tier and Hudson Valley regions to the north and northeast, Sussex and Warren counties in New Jersey to the east, and the Lehigh Valley to the south.
Golden triangle (composition)
The golden triangle is a rule of thumb in visual composition of photographs, paintings, and other visual art—especially those that contain elements with diagonal lines. The rule visualizes the frame divided into four triangles of two different sizes, by drawing one diagonal from one corner to another, and then two lines from the other corners, touching the first at 90-degree angles. There are a couple ways to apply this:

1. Filling one of the triangles with the subject

2. Placing the diagonal elements so that they run along two of the lines

Composition (visual arts)
In visual arts, composition (meaning "putting together") is the organization of an artwork. It is often used interchangeably with various terms such as design, form, visual ordering, or formal structure, depending on the context. In graphic design for press and desktop publishing, composition is commonly referred to as page layout.

The composition of a picture is different from its subject (what is depicted), whether a moment from a story, a person or a place. Many subjects, for example Saint George and the Dragon, are often portrayed in art, but using a great range of compositions even though the two figures are typically the only ones shown.
Sareni, Uttar Pradesh
Sareni is a village and corresponding community development block in Lalganj tehsil of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Historically the seat of a pargana, it is located 18 km from Lalganj, the tehsil headquarters, on the road to Daundia Khera in Unnao district. As of 2011, Sareni has a population of 4,819 people, in 792 households. It has 3 primary schools and no healthcare facilities Subedar major Babu Singh native of Bahadurpur making keen effort in development of local society like cleaners schools Prathmik Swasthya Kendra . It serves as the headquarters of a nyaya panchayat which also includes 10 other villages.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 2nd Duke of Primo de Rivera, 4th Marquis of Estella (11 July 1904 – 8 May 1964) was a Spanish aristocrat, lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was the second son of the dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja and younger brother of the founder of the Falange Española, José Antonio Primo de Rivera.

He studied law at Universidad Central de Madrid and was called to the bar in Cádiz. Following World War II, he was Spanish Ambassador to the United Kingdom and mayor of Jerez de la Frontera (1947–1948).

After his death, his nephew Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo (son of his brother Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia) assumed the titles of duke and marquis.

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo, 3rd Duke of Primo de Rivera, 5th Marquis of Estella (17 August 1934 – 3 December 2018) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was a grandchild of the Spanish dictator of the same name. He was mayor of the city of Jerez from 1965 to 1971. He succeeded his uncle as 3rd Duke of Primo de Rivera and passed down the subsidiary title of Marquis of Estella to his son.
Moisture equivalent
Moisture equivalent is proposed by Lyman Briggs and McLane (1910) as a measure of field capacity for fine-textured soil materials. 
Moisture equivalent is defined as the percentage of water which a soil can retain in opposition to a centrifugal force 1000 times that of gravity. It is measured by saturating sample of soil 1 cm thick, and subjecting it to a centrifugal force of 1000 times gravity for 30 min. The gravimetric water content after this treatment is its moisture equivalent.
This concept is no longer used in soil physics and has been replaced by field capacity.

Lyman Briggs and Homer LeRoy Shantz (1912) found that:

Moisture Equivalent = 0.02 sand + 0.22 silt + 1.05 clay

Note: The volume of water stored in the root zone is equal to the depth of water in the root zone (Vw=Dw)

Soil physics
Soil physics is the study of soil's physical properties and processes. It is applied to  management and prediction under natural and managed ecosystems.  Soil physics deals with the dynamics of physical soil components and their phases as solids, liquids, and gases. It draws on the principles of physics, physical chemistry, engineering, and meteorology.  Soil physics applies these principles to address practical problems of agriculture, ecology, and engineering.
Operation Hurry
Operation Hurry (31 July – 4 August 1940) was the first British operation in a series that have come to be known as Club Runs. The goal of the operation was to fly twelve Hurricane Mk I fighters from HMS Argus to Malta, guided by two Skuas of the Fleet Air Arm. Force H, based in Gibraltar, took the opportunity to raid Elmas airfield in Sardinia and conduct a deception operation with HMS Enterprise. The Mediterranean Fleet conducted diversions in the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea.

A squadron of Hurricanes had reinforced Malta, Elmas airfield had been bombed and Italian bombers had been deterred by anti-aircraft fire and the Skuas of HMS Ark Royal. Attacks on the Italian mainland had been shown to be possible and the Regia Aeronautica had been found to be less formidable than had been feared; both fleets had been attacked but only one bomb hit by a dud and some near-misses on the British ships had been achieved; the battle fleet of the Regia Marina remained in port.

Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from Latin: Insula Minor, lit. 'smaller island', later Minorica) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca (Majorca). Its capital is Maó, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella de Menorca and Maó are the main ports and largest towns.

Per the Census of 1 January 2025, Menorca had a population of 102,477. Its highest point, a hill in the middle of the island named El Toro (from Catalan "turó" meaning hill), is 358 metres (1,175 feet) above sea level.
Nørre Felding
Nørre Felding is a village, with a population of 731 (1 January 2025), in Holstebro Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located at the Danish national road 11, 36 km northwest of Herning, 44 km northeast of Ringkøbing and 5 km south of Holstebro.

Nørre Felding Church is located in the small village of Nørre Felding Kirkeby 1.5 km east of Nørre Felding. It is a Romanesque square stone church from before 1200.

Holstebro Municipality
Holstebro Municipality (Danish: Holstebro Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 801.55 km2 (309.48 sq mi), and has a population of 59,201 (1 January 2025). Its mayor is Kenneth Tønning, a member of the conservative liberal Venstre party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Holstebro.

On 1 January 2007 Holstebro municipality was, due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with existing Ulfborg-Vemb and Vinderup municipalities to form the new Holstebro municipality.

Holstebro is also known for its infamous architecture style, and its architecture's correlation to World War 2.
Agriocnemis palaeforma
Agriocnemis palaeforma is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Uganda and possibly Cameroon. Its natural habitats are swamps, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Rhynocoris
Rhynocoris (historically often misspelled as "Rhinocoris") is a genus of assassin bug, family (Reduviidae), in the subfamily Harpactorinae.  Species are recorded from Asia, mainland Europe, Africa and North America.

Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit Chagas disease. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable: they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved proboscis (sometimes called a rostrum). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
Lentinellus ursinus
Lentinellus ursinus is a species of fungus belonging to the family Auriscalpiaceae.

The caps are 2–10 centimetres (1–4 in) wide, often separated into lobes. They are brown in the center, fading to white at the margin. The spore print is white.

It may require microscopy to distinguish from L. angustifolius. Lookalikes from other genera include Pleurotus ostreatus.

It can be found in North America from October–March on the West Coast and July–October elsewhere.

Like all species in its genus, it is inedible due to its bitterness.

Pleurotus ostreatus
Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, grey oyster mushroom, oyster fungus, hiratake, or pearl oyster mushroom, is a popular edible mushroom found in temperate and subtropical forests around the world.
Les cadeaux de Noël
Les cadeaux de Noël (The Christmas Gifts) is an opera in one act composed by Xavier Leroux to a French-language libretto by Émile Fabre. Described as a conte héroïque (heroic tale), it was premiered by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart Theatre in Paris on Christmas Day 1915. Its story of four children, whose parents had been killed by German soldiers but who nevertheless found hope in a seemingly bleak Christmas, had a particular resonance with French audiences in the midst of World War I. The opera was a great success in Paris, and subsequently performed in Italy, Monte Carlo and Latin America.

Pierre-Barthélemy Gheusi
Pierre-Barthélemy Gheusi, also known by the pseudonym Norbert Lorédan, (21 November 1865 – 30 January 1943) was a French theatre director, librettist, journalist and writer. He was born in Toulouse and died in Paris.
Talagah-e Olya, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Talagah-e Olya (Persian: طلاگه عليا, also Romanized as Ţalāgah-e ‘Olyā) is a village in Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District, Bahmai-ye Garmsiri District, Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 118, in 23 families.

Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District
Sar Asiab-e Yusefi Rural District (Persian: دهستان سرآسياب يوسفي) is in Sar Asiab-e Yusefi District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh-e Bonar-e Yusefi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sar Asiab-e Yusefi, now a city.
Simon Young (magistrate)
Simon Young (11 August 1823 – 26 September 1893) served as Magistrate of the British colony of the Pitcairn Islands in 1849.

Young was the son of George Young, who in turn was the son of Bounty mutineer Ned Young. His mother was Hannah Adams, a daughter of John Adams. Young married Mary Buffett Christian. His father-in-law John Buffett had arrived on the island in 1823 (the year Young was born) as a schoolteacher, and had stayed to help Adams teach the islands many children. Young himself was a schoolteacher by trade. He spent several years on Norfolk Island but returned to Pitcairn in 1864.

Young's marriage produced 13 children, including two future Magistrates, Benjamin Stanley Young, William Alfred Young and Arthur Herbert Young, and the historian Rosalind Amelia Young.

John Adams (mutineer)
John Adams, known as Jack Adams (4 July 1767 – 5 March 1829), was the last survivor of the Bounty mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790, the year after the mutiny. His real name was John Adams, but he used the name Alexander Smith until he was discovered in 1808 by Captain Mayhew Folger of the American whaling ship Topaz. His children used the surname "Adams".
1991–92 QMJHL season
The 1991–92 QMJHL season was the 23rd season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The league inaugurates the Molson Cup, awarded to the overall "Rookie of the Year," in addition to the existing Michel Bergeron Trophy and Raymond Lagacé Trophy.

The top three scorers in the league, are all linemates from the Saint-Hyacinthe Laser. Centreman Charles Poulin won the QMJHL's Most Valuable Player and CHL Player of the Year. Completing the line were; left winger Patrick Poulin, the league's scoring champion; and right winger Martin Gendron, the league's Most sportsmanlike player and Offensive Player of the Year.
The league went back to the players wearing a half visor.

Twelve teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Verdun Collège Français finished first overall in the regular season, winning their first Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won its first President's Cup, defeating the Trois-Rivières Draveurs in the finals.

Michel Bergeron Trophy
The Michel Bergeron Trophy is awarded annually to the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s "Offensive Rookie of the Year". From 1969 to 1980, the trophy was awarded to the QMHL's "Overall Rookie of the Year." The Bergeron trophy's counterpart since 1980, the Raymond Lagacé Trophy, is awarded to the "Defensive Rookie of the Year." The QMJHL created the RDS Cup in 1991, as a reunified Rookie of the Year award.
Emilio Méndez Pérez
Emilio Méndez Pérez (born 22 May 1949) is a Spanish physicist. His research has focused on the study of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. Particularly notable are his discoveries on the effects of an electric field on the electronic properties of quantum wells and superlattices, especially the experimental demonstration of the so-called "Stark effect" and the so-called "Wannier–Stark ladder".

In 1998, he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Awards for Technical and Scientific Research along Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar.

Pedro Miguel Etxenike
Pedro Miguel Etxenike Landiribar, also known as Pedro Miguel Echenique (born 8 June 1950, Isaba, Navarre), is a Basque theoretical solid-state physicist, Professor of Condensed Matter Physics at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), and former minister of the Basque Autonomous Community.
Kappa Centauri
Kappa Centauri is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from κ Centauri, and abbreviated Kappa Cen or κ Cen. With an apparent visual magnitude of +3.14, it can be viewed with the naked eye on a dark night. Parallax measurements place it at an estimated distance of 400 light-years (120 parsecs) from Earth.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Shingwedzi
Shingwedzi (also Xingwedzi in modern Tsonga orthography) is a rest camp (i.e. tourist camp) and ranger's post situated in the northern section of the Kruger National Park. The camp is located on the southern bank of the Shingwedzi River, for which it is named, in Limpopo province, South Africa. The surrounding country formerly constituted the Singwitsi Reserve, proclaimed in 1903, which encompassed over 5,000 square kilometers. The region was over-hunted by the end of the 19th century, its big game depleted and its elephant population completely decimated. The name "Shingwedzi" is of Tsonga origin, and was perhaps derived from "Shing-xa-goli", perhaps a local chieftain, and "njwetse", the sound of iron rubbing against iron.

Tsonga language
Tsonga (/ˈ(t)sɒŋɡə/ ⓘ (T)SONG-gə) or Xitsonga (/ʃiˈtsɒŋ.ɡə/ shee-TSONG-gə) as an endonym (also known as Changana in Mozambique), is a Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people of South Africa and Mozambique. It is mutually intelligible with Tswa and Ronga and the name "Tsonga" is often used as a cover term for all three, also sometimes referred to as Tswa-Ronga. The Xitsonga language has been standardised as a written language.

Tsonga is an official language of the Republic of South Africa, and under the name Shangani it is recognised as an official language in the Constitution of Zimbabwe. All Tswa-Ronga languages are recognised in Mozambique. It is not official in Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland).
1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup was a horse race which took place at Cheltenham on 17 March 1988. It was the 61st running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup, and was won by Charter Party. The winner was ridden by Richard Dunwoody and trained by David Nicholson. The pre-race favourite Playschool pulled-up before fence 20.

The event was marred by the death of the former winner Forgive 'n Forget, who broke a leg during the race and was euthanised.

Cheltenham Gold Cup
51°55′13″N 2°3′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.92028°N 2.05778°W﻿ / 51.92028; -2.05778

The Cheltenham Gold Cup is a Grade 1 National Hunt horse race run on the New Course at Cheltenham Racecourse in England, over a distance of about 3 miles 2½ furlongs (3 miles 2 furlongs and 70 yards, or 5,294 m), and during its running there are 22 fences to be jumped. The race takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

The steeplechase, which is open to horses aged five years and over, is the most prestigious of all National Hunt events and it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Riband of jump-racing. Its roll of honour features the names of such chasers as Arkle, Best Mate, Golden Miller, Kauto Star, Denman and Mill House. The Gold Cup is the most valuable non-handicap chase in Britain, and in 2025 it offered a total prize fund of £625,000.
Ray Newman (baseball)
Raymond Francis Newman (born June 20, 1945) is an American former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher for the Chicago Cubs in 1971 and the Milwaukee Brewers in 1972 to 1973.

He saw limited action in his brief career, usually as a reliever. He became known for riding a bicycle to Wrigley Field. On one occasion, he was struck by a driver and was unable to pitch that day due to the mishap. Cubs manager Leo Durocher was not amused, and Newman was traded by the next spring. Durocher, talking about his team that year, referred to "this nut who used to ride a bicycle to the ballpark."

Newman was traded from the Brewers to the Detroit Tigers for Mike Strahler at the Winter Meetings on December 6, 1973.

Leo Durocher
Leo Ernest Durocher (French spelling Léo Ernest Durocher) (/dəˈroʊ.ʃər/; July 27, 1905 – October 7, 1991), nicknamed "Leo the Lip" and "Lippy", was an American professional baseball player, manager, and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as an infielder. Upon his retirement, he ranked fifth all-time among managers with 2,008 career victories, second only to John McGraw in National League history. Durocher still ranks twelfth in career wins by a manager. A controversial and outspoken character, Durocher's half-century in baseball was dogged by clashes with authority, the baseball commissioner, the press, and umpires; his 100 career ejections as a manager trailed only McGraw when he retired, and he still ranks third on the all-time list. He won three National League pennants and one world championship. In 25 years as a manager, Durocher had only 4 losing seasons.

Durocher was posthumously elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.
Birgitz
Birgitz is a community in the district of Innsbruck in Tyrol and lies on a terrace of the highlands 10 km south west of the capital. The nearest neighbouring village is Axams in the west and Götzens in the east.

Already around 100 BC the name Birga was known in the area. Due to a high increase in population Birgitz will eventually merge with Götzens some time.

Axams
Axams is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

The name "Axams" has a Celtic origin and means something like „Place in the height“. The emblem has a golden top on blue ground. In the previous century flax was important for the village. Axams grew in population in the last years.