hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs
Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, II (September 28, 1821 – August 14, 1874) was an American Presbyterian minister who served as Secretary of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction of Florida, and, along with U.S. Congressman Josiah Thomas Walls, was among the most powerful black officeholders in the state during Reconstruction. An African American who served during the Reconstruction era, he was the first black Florida Secretary of State, holding the office over a century prior to the state's second black Secretary of State, Jesse McCrary, who served for five months in 1979.

Secretary of State of Florida
The secretary of state of Florida is an executive officer of the state government of the U.S. state of Florida, established since the original 1838 state constitution. Like the corresponding officials in other states, the original charge of the secretary of state—to be the "Keeper of the Great Seal"—has expanded greatly since the office was first created. According to the state website, "Today, the Secretary of State is Florida's Chief of Elections, Chief Cultural Officer, the State Protocol Officer and the head of the Department of State."

The current secretary is Cord Byrd.
Hôtel Otlet
The Hôtel Otlet (French: Hôtel Otlet; Dutch: Hotel Otlet) is a historic town house in Brussels, Belgium. It was designed by the architect Octave van Rysselberghe for the jurist, bibliographer and entrepreneur Paul Otlet, and built between 1894 and 1898, in Art Nouveau style. This work marks the still cautious insertion of Van Rysselberghe into that style.

The house is located on the corner of the Rue de Florence/Florencestraat and the Rue de Livourne/Livornostraat, a few steps from the Avenue Louise/Louizalaan.

Oriel window
An oriel window is a form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. Supported by corbels, brackets, or similar cantilevers, an oriel window generally projects from an upper floor, but is also sometimes used on the ground floor.
Bún riêu
Bún riêu is a traditional Vietnamese soup of clear stock and rice vermicelli. There are several varieties of bún riêu, including bún riêu cua (minced crab), bún riêu cá (minced crab and fish) and bún riêu ốc (minced crab and snail).

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica, commonly known as water spinach or kangkung,  is a semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots. I. aquatica is generally believed to have been first domesticated in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. It grows abundantly near waterways and requires little to no care.
Pittenweem (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Pittenweem in Fife was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Pittenweem, Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, Crail and Kilrenny formed the Anstruther Easter district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
Ronchis
Ronchis (Friulian: Roncjis) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.

Ronchis borders the following municipalities: Latisana, Palazzolo dello Stella, Rivignano Teor, San Michele al Tagliamento, Varmo.

Palazzolo dello Stella
Palazzolo dello Stella (Friulian: Palassôl) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.
Badong Yao language
Badong Yao (Chinese: 八垌瑶语) is an unclassified Sinitic language spoken by the Yao people in Xinning County, Hunan province, China. Badong Yao is currently endangered, and is spoken in the villages of Huangyandong 黄岩峒, Malindong 麻林峒, and Dazhendong 大圳峒 in Huangjin Ethnic Yao Township 黄金瑶族乡, Xinning County. It is also spoken in Malin Ethnic Yao Township 麻林瑶族乡, located just to the east of Huangjin Township.

It is documented in detail as Malinhua 麻林话 by Hu (2018).

Yao people (Asia)
The Yao people (simplified Chinese: 瑶族; traditional Chinese: 瑤族; pinyin: Yáozú) or Dao (Vietnamese: người Dao) is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago.

They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 3,309,341 in the 2020 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states.
Peter A. Cohen
Peter A. Cohen is the chairman and CEO of Andover National Corporation, a public holding company. He was formerly the chairman and CEO of Cowen Inc., also known as Cowen & Company now TD Cowen. Prior to his current role, Cohen founded Ramius Capital Management in 1994, a $13 billion investment firm, which he merged with Cowen Inc. in 2009. Prior to this, Cohen was the chairman and chief executive officer of Shearson Lehman American Express from 1983 through 1991.

Republic New York
Republic New York Corporation was the holding company for 
Republic National Bank of New York,
Safra Republic Holdings,
and Safra Republic Bank.

The company was controlled by Lebanese billionaire Edmond Safra (1932-1999), who was killed in a fire in his Monte Carlo penthouse apartment, by his American nurse Ted Maher. Republic New York Corporation was sold shortly after its chairman's death to HSBC Bank USA, the US subsidiary of HSBC of the UK.

Joseph Safra, the brother of Edmond Safra, controlled and owned independently the Safra Group of banks and financial institutions.
Tanks of China
This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks employed by various military forces belonging to the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) within China. From the early half of the 20th century, tanks were initially obtained from other countries; eventually indigenously designed Chinese tanks started manufacture and became used during the Cold War and towards the modern era.

200th Division
The 200th Division (simplified Chinese: 第200师; traditional Chinese: 第200師; pinyin: Dì 200 Shī; Wade–Giles: Ti 200 Shih) was the first mechanised division in the National Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1938 by General Du Yuming, who was also its first commander. Its first action was against the Japanese 14th Division in the Battle of Lanfeng.
Bannaventa
Bannaventa or Benaventa was a Romano-British fortified town which was on the Roman road later called Watling Street, which today is here, as in most places, the A5 road. Bannaventa straddles the boundaries of Norton and Whilton, Northamptonshire, England, villages highly clustered 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and double that away, respectively.

Whilton
Whilton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The population (including Slapton) at the 2011 Census was 271. Whilton is 75 miles (121 km) northwest of London, 9+3⁄4 miles (15.7 km) west of Northampton and 15+1⁄2 miles (24.9 km) southeast of Rugby. The village lies 4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) east of the nearest town of Daventry. The nearest railway station is at Long Buckby for the Northampton loop of the West Coast Main Line which runs between Rugby, Northampton and London. The nearest airport is Birmingham Airport. Whilton gives its name to the nearby Whilton Locks and Whilton Marina on the Grand Union Canal. Whilton is also home to the world famous Whilton Mill Kart Circuit, where many drivers like Spencer Brougham (WMKC B Final runner up) and Jack Wilch (Electric Kart European championship winner) started their careers. Whilton Mill Kart Circuit is run by Chief Marshal Harry Bonham
Pauk-class corvette
The Pauk class is the NATO reporting name for a class of small patrol corvettes built for the Soviet Navy and export customers between 1977 and 1989. The Russian designation is Project 1241.2 Molniya-2. These ships are designed for coastal patrol and inshore anti-submarine warfare. The design is the patrol version of the Tarantul class which is designated Project 1241.1, but is slightly longer and has diesel engines. The ships are fitted with a dipping sonar which is also used in Soviet helicopters.

The class saw moderate export success, with four ships sold to India as the Abhay class, two ships sold to Bulgaria, and one ship to Cuba. A further five ships were transferred to Ukraine after the fall of the USSR. There were plans for India to build more ships locally under license, but this was dropped in favour of the indigenous Kamorta class.

Kamorta-class corvette
The Kamorta-class corvettes or Project 28 are a class of anti-submarine warfare corvettes currently in service with the Indian Navy. Built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, they are the first anti-submarine warfare stealth corvettes to be built in India. Project 28 was approved in 2003, with construction of the lead ship, INS Kamorta commencing on 12 August 2005. All of the four corvettes, INS Kamorta, INS Kadmatt, INS Kiltan and INS Kavaratti were commissioned in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2020 respectively.

The platform and major internal systems of this class of corvettes are indigenously designed and built. The corvettes are named after the islands in the Lakshadweep archipelago. The Kamorta-class corvettes are intended to succeed the Kora class by precedence and the Abhay class by role.
Carriedo station
Carriedo station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system along the district boundary of Santa Cruz and Quiapo in Manila.

Carriedo is the first station north of the Pasig River. It is the fifteenth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr. and the eleventh station for trains headed to Dr. Santos. It is named after Carriedo Street, which crosses beneath it and is itself named after Spanish philanthropist Francisco Carriedo y Pedero.

It is one of the ten stations on the line to have its concourse area below the platform, the other nine being Dr. Santos, Ninoy Aquino Avenue, PITX, MIA Road, Redemptorist-Aseana, Baclaran, Central Terminal, Balintawak, and Fernando Poe Jr.

Balintawak station
Balintawak station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system located along EDSA at the boundary of barangays Balingasa, Unang Sigaw, and Apolonio Samson in Quezon City, Philippines. It opened on March 22, 2010 as part of the LRT-1 North Extension Project. The station serves passengers going to and from the northern parts of Luzon using the North Luzon Expressway.

Balintawak is one of two LRT-1 stations serving Quezon City, with the other being Fernando Poe Jr. It is the second station for trains headed to Dr. Santos and the twenty-fourth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr.

The station is situated in front of the Balintawak Market, near the Quezon City–Caloocan boundary and the Balintawak Cloverleaf.
2019 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 2019 Tirreno–Adriatico was a road cycling stage race, that took place between 13 and 19 March 2019 in Italy. It was the 54th edition of Tirreno–Adriatico and the seventh race of the 2019 UCI World Tour. It was won by Primož Roglič of Team Jumbo–Visma.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
Vita Merlini
Vita Merlini, or The Life of Merlin, is a Latin poem in 1,529 hexameter lines written around the year 1150. Though doubts have in the past been raised about its authorship it is now widely believed to be by Geoffrey of Monmouth. It tells the story of Merlin's madness, his life as a wild man of the woods, and his prophecies and conversations with his sister, Ganieda, and the poet Taliesin. Its plot derives from previous Celtic legends of early Middle Welsh origin, traditions of the bard Myrddin Wyllt and the wild man Lailoken, and it includes an important early account of King Arthur's final journey to Avalon, but it also displays much pseudo-scientific learning drawn from earlier scholarly Latin authors. Though its popularity was never remotely comparable to that of Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae, it did have a noticeable influence on medieval Arthurian romance, and has been drawn on by modern writers such as Laurence Binyon and Mary Stewart.

Stephen Thomas Knight
Stephen Thomas Knight FAHA, FEA (born 21 September 1940) is an Australian academic. He was, until September 2011, a distinguished research professor in English literature at Cardiff University; and is a professorial fellow of Literature at the University of Melbourne. His areas of expertise include medieval English and European literature, Robin Hood, Merlin, cultural studies, crime fiction, and Australian matters. He has authored over thirty books, and is well known in the public sphere for his contribution to a range of fields. His most recent books have been The Politics of Myth (2015), Towards Sherlock Holmes: A Thematic History of Crime Fiction in the 19th Century World (2017), Australian Crime Fiction: A 200-year History (2018), The Fiction of G.W.M. Reynolds: The Man Who Outsold Dickens (2019) and The University is Closed for Open Day: Themes and Scenes from 21st Century Australia (2019).
Herissantia
Herissantia is a small genus of flowering plants in the mallow family sometimes referred to as bladder mallows. These are five species of annual and perennial herbs with trailing stems and bladderlike fruits. They are native to the tropical and warm temperate Americas. The most widely distributed species is Herissantia crispa, which can be found on other continents as an introduced species.

Species include:

Herissantia crispa (L.) Briz.

Herissantia dressleri Fryxell

Herissantia intermedia (Hassl.) Krapov.

Herissantia nemoralis (A. St.-Hil., Juss. & Cambess.) Briz.

Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky

Synonyms:

Herissantia crispa (L.) Medic., ambiguous synonym for Herissantia crispa (L.) Briz.

Herissantia trichoda (A. Rich.) P.A. Fryxell,  synonym for Herissantia crispa (L.) Briz.

Some species have synonymy in genus Abutilon.

Abutilon
Abutilon /əˈbjuːtɪlɒn/ is a large genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia. General common names include Indian mallow and velvetleaf; ornamental varieties may be known as room maple, parlor maple, or flowering maple.
The genus name is an 18th-century Neo-Latin word that came from the Arabic ’abū-ṭīlūn (أبو طيلون),  the name given by Avicenna to this or a similar genus.

The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", have recently (2012, 2014) been transferred to the new genus Callianthe.
Dalian Road station
Dalian Road (simplified Chinese: 大连路; traditional Chinese: 大連路; pinyin: Dàlián Lù) is an interchange station between Line 4 and Line 12 of the Shanghai Metro. Service began on Line 4 on 31 December 2005, while the interchange with Line 12 opened on 29 December 2013 with the initial, eastern section of that line from Tiantong Road to Jinhai Road.

Line 12 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 12 is an east–west line of the Shanghai Metro network. It runs from Jinhai Road in Pudong to Qixin Road in Minhang District. The first section from Tiantong Road to Jinhai Road opened on 29 December 2013, and additional stations up to Qufu Road were in operation by 10 May 2014. The remaining stations opened on 19 December 2015. Since the opening of the extension in December 2015, Line 12 has the most interchanges with other metro lines in the Shanghai Metro. The line is colored forest green on system maps.
Chepra Cove
Chepra Cove (Bulgarian: залив Чепра, ‘Zaliv Chepra’ \'za-liv che-'pra\) is the 1.7 km wide cove indenting for 2.3 km the west coast of Pernik Peninsula on Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is a part of Lallemand Fjord entered south of Holdfast Point, and has its head fed by Koriten Glacier.

The cove is named after the cave of Chepra in Southeastern Bulgaria.

Loubet Coast
Loubet Coast is the portion of the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctic Peninsula, extending 158 km between Cape Bellue to the northeast and Bourgeois Fjord to the southwest. South of Loubet Coast is Fallières Coast, north is Graham Coast.

The coast is named after Émile Loubet, President of France during the exploration of the area by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot in January 1905.
Vladica Kovačević
Vladimir "Vladica" Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир "Владица" Ковачевић, pronounced [ʋlǎdimiːr koʋǎːtʃeʋitɕ]; 7 January 1940 – 28 July 2016) was a Yugoslav and Serbian footballer who played as a forward.

1963–64 European Cup
The 1963–64 European Cup was the ninth season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition  was won by Inter Milan, who beat Real Madrid 3–1 in the final at Praterstadion, Vienna, on 27 May 1964. Inter's triumph ensured that Italy became the first country and Milan became the first city with two competition winners.

AC Milan were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Real Madrid in the quarter-finals.

Cyprus entered its champion for the first time this season.
Brock string
A Brock string (named after Frederick W. Brock) is an instrument used in vision therapy. It consists of a white string of approximately 10 feet in length with three small wooden beads of different colors.

The Brock string is commonly employed during treatment of convergence insufficiency and other anomalies of binocular vision. It is used to develop skills of convergence as well as to disrupt suppression of one of the eyes.

During therapy, the one end of the Brock string is held on the tip of the nose while the other is tied to a fixed point. The three beads are spaced out at various distances. The patient is asked to focus on one of the beads, while noting the visual input of each eye and sensation of convergence. The patient can use variable techniques to make easier or more difficult by bringing the beads closer/further to the nose and by employing lenses and prisms.

Vision therapy
Vision therapy (VT), or behavioral optometry, is an umbrella term for alternative medicine treatments using eye exercises, based around the pseudoscientific claim that vision problems are the true underlying cause of learning difficulties, particularly in children. Vision therapy has not been shown to be effective using scientific studies, except for helping with convergence insufficiency. Most claims—for example that the therapy can address neurological, educational, and spatial difficulties—lack supporting evidence. Neither the American Academy of Pediatrics nor the American Academy of Ophthalmology support the use of vision therapy.
Gmina Kiełczygłów
Gmina Kiełczygłów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kiełczygłów, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 90.01 square kilometres (34.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,343.

Pajęczno
Pajęczno [paˈjɛnt͡ʂnɔ] is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. It lies approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of Częstochowa. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Lane House (Kensington, Georgia)
The Lane House, also known as the Richard Lane House, near Kensington, Georgia is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

It is a Gothic Revival-style house built c.1855-1859.

It is also a contributing building in the McLemore Cove Historic District.

McLemore Cove Historic District
The McLemore Cove Historic District near Kensington, Georgia, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Chickamauga, Georgia, is a 50,141-acre (20,291 ha) historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It includes 262 contributing buildings, 15 other contributing structures, 15 contributing sites, and a contributing object, as well as 327 non-contributing buildings and structures.  It consists of the roughly triangular-shaped valley, McLemore Cove, between the ridge lines of Lookout Mountain on the west
and Pigeon Mountain on the east.

It includes a number of historic farm complexes, including the James W. Coulter Farm at the crossroads of W. Cove Road and Highway 193, and the Dougherty Farm, and many historic buildings.  George Cornish and John B. Bell were stonemasons who each built one or more buildings in the area.
Bronzewing-class harbour tug
The Bronzewing-class harbour tug was a class of four tugs constructed for the Royal Australian Navy.: 33

Bronzewing (HTS 501)

Currawong (HTS 502)

HTS 503

Mollymawk (HTS 504)

HTS 503 was given to Papua New Guinea in 1974. They were constructed by Stannard Bros, Sydney, except for HTS Mollymawk (504), that was constructed by Perris Engineering, Brisbane.

Bronzewing and Currawong are currently on loan to the Sydney Heritage Fleet, where they are often used in support of the James Craig and other heritage ships in the Fleet.

HMAS Mollymawk
HMAS Mollymawk (DT 933) was a tugboat of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) between 1946 and 1957. She was then transferred to the Australian Army and was operated by the 32nd Small Ship Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers. In 1963 she was sold to Newsprint Mills Ltd in Hobart, Tasmania and was renamed Kallista.