hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kervaire manifold
In mathematics, specifically in differential topology, a Kervaire manifold  is a piecewise-linear manifold of dimension  constructed by Michel Kervaire (1960) by plumbing together the tangent bundles of two -spheres, and then gluing a ball to the result. In 10 dimensions this gives a piecewise-linear manifold with no smooth structure.

Piecewise linear manifold
In mathematics, a piecewise linear manifold (PL manifold) is a topological manifold together with a piecewise linear structure on it. Such a structure can be defined by means of an atlas, such that one can pass from chart to chart in it by piecewise linear functions. This is slightly stronger than the topological notion of a triangulation.
An isomorphism of PL manifolds is called a PL homeomorphism.
Lee Summers
Lee Summers (born 1958) is an American acting teacher, actor, singer, librettist, composer, director and theatre producer. He is known for creating and producing Off-Broadway's From My Hometown.
As a director, Summers is a two-time winner of both the 2022 and 2018 Audelco Awards for 'Best Director of a Musical' for "Ella, First Lady of Song" and for "On Kentucky Avenue," respectively. As an actor, Summers made his Broadway debut in the original production of Dreamgirls. His one-person show Winds of Change garnered him the 2010 "Best Entertainer" Bistro Award. In 2018 he was nominated for an Audelco Award for 'Best Featured Actor in a Musical,' for "On Kentucky Avenue." Summers has appeared in numerous TV/Film roles, such as Core FOI (Fruit of Islam) in Malcolm X starring Denzel Washington, a neurosurgeon on Law & Order; a turn-of-the-century cook on Boardwalk Empire, and as a Police Sergeant, opposite Tom Selleck on Blue Bloods.

Milwaukee Repertory Theater
Milwaukee Repertory Theater ("Milwaukee Rep") is a theater company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded as the Fred Miller Theatre Company, the group is housed in the Associated Bank Theater Center, which includes the Ellen & Joe Checota Powerhouse Theater, the Herro-Franke Studio Theater, and the Stackner Cabaret. Milwaukee Rep produces eleven productions each year, along with an annual production of A Christmas Carol at the Pabst Theater. It serves an annual audience of over 200,000 patrons, including over 15,000 subscribers, the largest in the state of Wisconsin  in terms of audiences served.
Wampus cat
A wampus cat is a cat-like creature in American folklore that varies widely in appearance, ranging from frightful to comical, depending on region. It has its origins in Cherokee mythology and Appalachian legend. It is also known as a "gallywampus" in Missouri, "whistling wampus" in the Ozarks, simply "wampus" in Appalachia.

North American cougar
The North American cougar (Puma concolor couguar) is a cougar subspecies in North America. It is the biggest cat in North America (North American jaguars are fairly small), and the second largest cat in the New World. It was once common in eastern North America and is still prevalent in the western half of the continent. This subspecies includes populations in western Canada, the western United States, Florida, Mexico and Central America, and possibly South America northwest of the Andes Mountains. It thus includes the extirpated eastern cougar and extant Florida panther populations.
2022 New Zealand local elections
The 2022 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2022) were triennial elections that was held from 16 September until 8 October to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

All 11 of New Zealand's regions and 66 of New Zealand's 67 cities and districts participated in the elections; Tauranga City Council was under crown commission and did not hold elections.

Mayor of Auckland
The mayor of Auckland is the elected head of local government in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island; one of 67 mayors in the country. The principal city of the region is Auckland. The mayor presides over the Auckland Council and is directly elected using the first-past-the-post method.

The position has existed since 2010 when the previously existing authorities in the region were merged into one region-wide authority.
The Spice Trail
The Spice Trail is a British television documentary series first broadcast on BBC Two in 2011 looking at the discovery and history of spices. Presented by Kate Humble, she travels around the world to see how spices are made and investigates their history. She also tells stories and interviews the people from the areas of their origin. The series looks at how local economies are built upon the income from the spices and the threats to these economies such as disease, globalisation and fakes.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
First-mover advantage
In marketing strategy, first-mover advantage (FMA) is the competitive advantage gained by the initial ("first-moving") significant occupant of a market segment. First-mover advantage enables a company or firm to establish strong brand recognition, customer loyalty, and early purchase of resources before other competitors enter the market segment.

First movers in a specific industry are almost always followed by competitors that attempt to capitalise on the first movers' success. These followers are also aiming to gain market share; however, most of the time the first-movers will already have an established market share, with a loyal customer base that allows them to maintain their market share.

Marketing strategy
Marketing strategy refers to the set of coordinated actions undertaken by an organization to increase sales, strengthen market presence, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. It provides a structured and deliberate approach to promoting products or services by aligning organizational resources, market insights, and long-term objectives through systematic planning and analysis.

The field of strategic marketing emerged during the 1970s and 1980s as a distinct discipline, evolving from strategic management. Its central concern is the relationship between organizations and their markets, with particular emphasis on understanding customer needs and leveraging internal capabilities to create value that competitors cannot easily replicate. In recent years, digital technologies have significantly reshaped marketing strategy by enabling data driven decision making, personalized engagement, and real time performance measurement.
Marathi Christians
Marathi Christians are an ethnoreligious group of the Indian state of Maharashtra who accepted Christianity during the 18th and 19th centuries during the East India Company, and later, the British Raj. Conversions to Protestantism were a result of Christian missions such as the American Marathi Mission, Church Mission Society and the Church of England's United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

Narayan Vaman Tilak
Narayan Vaman Tilak (6 December 1861 – 9 May 1919) was a Marathi poet from the Konkan region of then Bombay Presidency in British India, and a famous convert to Christianity from the Hindu Chitpavan Brahmin Community.
Sparreholm Castle
Sparreholm Castle (Swedish: Sparreholms slott) is a manor house in Flen Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden. The estate is located on Lake Båven just outside the community of Sparreholm in Hyltinge parish.

Flen Municipality
Flen Municipality (Swedish: Flens kommun) is a municipality in central Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Flen.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 through the amalgamation of the City of Flen (instituted in 1949), the market town (köping) Malmköping and the surrounding countryside, including a southeastern portion of the former Oppunda hundred that was split between Flen and Nyköping municipalities. It also includes all of the former Villåttinge hundred.
Theatre of Pakistan
Theatre in Pakistan has been developed and influenced by the traditional and ritual Persian theatre as well as the classical Indian dance practices of the Mughal Empire. As Pakistan is an Islamic state, the production of plays and theatrical performances in the past was not condoned in the country for religious reasons. That is why this performing art did not have the opportunity to develop and flourish. The concept of Pakistani theater as a national heritage could only be traced back to modern plays due to the absence of any classical theatrical tradition, while folk literature has also been largely obscured except the performances of the Bhand.

Inder Sabha
Inder Sabha (Urdu: اندر سبھا, lit. "the Council of Indra") is an Urdu play and opera written by Agha Hasan Amanat, and first staged in 1853. It is regarded as the first complete Urdu stage play ever written. The play was translated into German in the 1880s as a doctoral thesis at the University of Leipzig by Friedrich Rosen, and published to positive critical reception in 1892. A film, Indrasabha, based on the play was released by Madan Theatre in 1932.
Railroads in New England
Railroads have played an important role in New England ever since the Granite Railway, America's first commercial railway, began operations in Massachusetts in 1826. As industrialization spread across the region, hundreds of railroads were built throughout the 19th century. Railroad mileage peaked around World War I, and from that point on mileage began to shrink. Despite this, railroads continue to be important for freight and passenger transportation in the region, with the New Haven Line holding the title of busiest railroad line in the entire United States.

Naugatuck Railroad
The Naugatuck Railroad (reporting mark NAUG) is a common carrier railroad owned by the Railroad Museum of New England and operated on tracks leased from the Connecticut Department of Transportation. The original Naugatuck Railroad was a railroad chartered to operate through south central Connecticut in 1845, with the first section opening for service in 1849. In 1887 the line was leased by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, and became wholly owned by 1906. At its greatest extent the Naugatuck ran from Bridgeport north to Winsted. Today's Naugatuck Railroad, formed in 1996, runs from Waterbury to the end of track in Torrington, Connecticut. From Waterbury south to the New Haven Line, Metro-North Railroad operates commuter service on the Waterbury Branch.
Kudzu Kings
Kudzu Kings is an alternative country/roots rock jam band from Oxford, Mississippi. Their first two albums were the self-titled Kudzu Kings, followed by Y2Kow, released in 1999. Their sound has been categorized as a blend of country music, bluegrass and improvisational rock & roll.

North Mississippi Allstars
North Mississippi Allstars is an American blues and southern rock band from Hernando, Mississippi, founded in 1996. The band is currently composed of brothers Luther Dickinson (guitar, lowebow, vocals) and Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard, vocals). Their most recent album Still Shakin'  was released in 2025.
1962 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1962 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were held in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg on Sunday February 18, 1962. It was the 13th edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

The race started and finished at the Stade Émile Mayrisch. From there, participants had to complete six laps of an approximately 3.4 km long course through the city park and up the steep Dieswee to the pavilion on the Gaalgebierg. The total distance of the course was 20.909 km. Italian Renato Longo, the 1959 World Champion won the rainbow jersey a second time.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Val Cleaver
Arthur Valentine Cleaver OBE FRAeS (14 February 1917 – 16 September 1977) was a distinguished British rocket engineer. He co-authored a paper which discussed the possibilities and problems of nuclear rocket engines in 1948. After the Second World War he developed de Havilland's Sprite and Spectre rocket engines. He moved to Rolls-Royce in 1957 and in 1960 he became general manager and chief engineer of the Rolls-Royce's rocket departments, where he was responsible for the engines which powered the Blue Streak missile and Black Arrow launch vehicle. While the ELDO vehicle was ultimately unsuccessful and abandoned, the Blue Streak vehicle and its engines worked perfectly on every launch, and Cleaver was awarded the OBE for his part in developing them.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.
WTGN
WTGN (for: "The Good News") is a non-commercial FM radio station in Lima, Ohio on 97.7 MHz with an effective radiated power of 6,000 Watts. It is owned by Associated Christian Broadcasters Inc. and is Limaland's first and oldest Christian radio station.  The others in the Lima area being several non-affiliated repeater stations WBCJ, WBIE, WHJM and locally originating low-power WCBV-LP.

WBCL
WBCL is an FM radio station located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 90.3 MHz. WBCL is owned by Taylor University in Upland, Indiana with its studios located at the university's Fort Wayne campus.

Its current programming consists of Christian adult contemporary music.
USS Direct (AM-430)
USS Direct (AM-430/MSO-430) was an Agile-class minesweeper of the United States Navy. Laid down on 2 February 1952 at the Hiltebrant Dry Dock Co., of Kingston, New York, the ship was launched on 27 May 1953; commissioned on 9 July 1954 by Benjamin H. Dean; and reclassified as an Ocean Minesweeper, MSO-430, 7 February 1955.

Agile-class minesweeper
The Agile-class minesweepers are a class of US-built ocean-going minesweepers. 58 ships were built for the United States Navy, 35 ships were built for the allied NATO navies of Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal. Thirteen ships were later transferred to Belgium, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines and Uruguay.

There is some confusion on how to name this class. The class is often described as the Aggressive class, as USS Aggressive (MSO-422) was the first ship to be commissioned. Sometimes four ships are a Dash-class subclass, although all ships are of the same design.
Tilwick Meadow
Tilwick Meadow is a 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Thurleigh and Wilden in Bedfordshire. It was notified in 1988 under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and the local planning authority is Bedford Borough Council.

The meadow is on the site of a medieval village abandoned during the Black Death. It is unimproved grassland on chalk boulder clay, and it has very rich flora on a habitat now rare nationally. Grass species include red fescue and sweet vernal-grass, and there some species associated with woodland indicate that part of the area was wooded in the past. There are also ponds and ditches.

There is access by a footpath from Wood End.

Deserted medieval village
In the United Kingdom, a deserted medieval village (DMV) is a former settlement which was abandoned during the Middle Ages, typically leaving no trace apart from earthworks or cropmarks. If there are three or fewer inhabited houses the convention is to regard the site as deserted; if there are more than three houses, it is regarded as a shrunken medieval village. There are estimated to be more than 3,000 DMVs in England alone.
2014 Malaysia Grand Prix Gold
The 2014 Malaysia Grand Prix Gold was the fourth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium, Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia from 25–30 March 2014 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Malaysia Masters
The Malaysia Masters (Malay: Masters Malaysia) is an annual badminton tournament held in Malaysia that began in 1985. From 2009 until 2017, the tournament was part of the Grand Prix Gold series. BWF categorised Malaysia Masters as one of the seven BWF World Tour Super 500 events in the BWF events structure since 2018.
Kanaker, Syria
Kanaker (Arabic: كناكر) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located southwest of Damascus. Nearby localities include Sa'sa' to the west, Beit Saber to the northwest, Khan al-Shih to the north, Zakiyah, al-Taybah, Khan Dannun and al-Kiswah to the northeast, Deir Ali and Jubb al-Safa to the east, Ghabaghib to the southeast, Kafr Nasej and Deir al-Adas to the south and Jabah to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Kanaker had a population of 13,950 at the 2004 census, making it the largest locality in the nahiyah ("subdistrict") of Sa'sa'. Kanaker marks the western boundary of the Marj al-Suffar plain, south of the right bank of the al-A'waj river. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Beit Saber
Beit Saber (Arabic: بيت سابر; also spelled Beit Sabir) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located just southwest of Damascus. Nearby localities include Khan al-Shih to the northeast, Kafr Hawr and Beitima to the north, Beit Jinn to the west, Harfa to the southwest and Sa'sa' to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Beit Saber had a population of 3,021 at the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Beit Saber is located on the banks of one of the lower tributaries of the Awaj River which originates from Mount Hermon. The name of the tributary is Sabirany, which derives from the name of the village "Saber."
Stierop
Stierop is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Castricum, and lies about 9 km south of Alkmaar. Until 1 January 2002, Stierop belonged to the municipality of Akersloot.

Stierop has about 20 inhabitants.

Castricum
Castricum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɑstrikʏm] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands.

Castricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It attracts tourists who come mainly to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. Lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest is in the vicinity, with facilities for sailing and windsurfing.
Vayikra (parashah)
Parashat Vayikra, VaYikra, Va-yikra, Wayyiqra, or Wayyiqro (וַיִּקְרָא‎—Hebrew for "and He called," the first word in the parashah) is the 24th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the first in the Book of Leviticus. The parashah lays out the laws of sacrifices (קָרְבָּנוֹת‎, korbanot). It constitutes Leviticus 1:1–5:26.

The parashah has the most letters and words of any of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Leviticus (although not the most verses). It is made up of 6,222 Hebrew letters, 1,673 Hebrew words, 111 verses, and 215 lines in a Torah scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). (Parashat Emor has the most verses of any Torah portion in Leviticus.) Jews read it the 23rd or 24th Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in March or early April.

Leavening agent
In cooking, a leavening agent (/ˈlɛvənɪŋ/) or raising agent, also called a leaven (/ˈlɛvən/) or leavener, is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens the mixture. An alternative or supplement to leavening agents is mechanical action by which air is incorporated (i.e. kneading). Leavening agents can be biological or synthetic chemical compounds. The gas produced is often carbon dioxide, or occasionally hydrogen.

When a dough or batter is mixed, the starch in the flour and the water in the dough form a matrix (often supported further by proteins like gluten or polysaccharides, such as pentosans or xanthan gum). The starch then gelatinizes and sets, leaving gas bubbles that remain.
Maijogmai Rural Municipality
Maijogmai (Nepali: माईजोगमाई गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of six rural municipality located in Ilam District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 10 municipalities in Ilam in which 4 are urban and 6 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Maijogmai has an area of 172.41 square kilometres (66.57 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 21044 as of Census of Nepal 2011. To form this new Rural Municipality Namsaling, Naya Bazar, Jogmai, Soyang and Pyang were merged, which previously were all separate Village development committee (local level administrative villages). Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the Naya Bazar is the Headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality.

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (Nepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय), (MoFAGA), is the ministry of Nepal that supervises activities undertaken by the local governments in Nepal.  It also regulates and manages the civil service.

MoFAGA is the only ministry with direct linkage with the country's municipalities, rural municipalities and provinces. It also plays a  direct role in implementing various eServices in the local governments.