hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sérgio Assad
Sérgio Assad (born 26 December 1952) is a Brazilian guitarist, composer, and arranger who often performs with his brother, Odair, in the guitar duo Sérgio and Odair Assad, commonly referred to as the Assad Brothers or Duo Assad. Their younger sister Badi is also a guitarist. Assad is the father of composer/singer/pianist Clarice Assad. He is married to Angela Olinto.

Dawn Upshaw
Dawn Upshaw (born July 17, 1960) is an American soprano. She is the recipient of several Grammy Awards and has released a number of Edison Award-winning discs; she performs both opera and art song, and her repertoire spans Baroque to contemporary. Many composers, including Henri Dutilleux, Osvaldo Golijov, John Harbison, Esa-Pekka Salonen, David Bruce, John Adams, and Kaija Saariaho, have written for her. In 2007, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. In 2006, she founded the Graduate Vocal Arts Program at Bard College Conservatory in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, serving as artistic director until 2019. She currently serves as head of the Vocal Arts Program at the Tanglewood Music Center in Lenox, Massachusetts.
Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm
The Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (Polish: Bazylika Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, Ukrainian: Собор Різдва Пресвятої Богородиці) is a church and monastery complex of the Roman Catholic Church located in the Polish city of Chełm. The church and the courtyard of the basilica stand in the centre of Chełm on Chełm Hill (also called Cathedral Hill or Castle Hill). Over its history, the church has been Orthodox, Uniate and Roman Catholic. Surrounding the basilica's grounds is a city park and a cemetery.

Daniel of Galicia
Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). He was the son of Roman Mstislavich of Volhynia and Anne-Euphrosyne, the daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos.

Under Daniel's long rule the Romanovichi branch of Rurikids restored control over Galicia, and the reunited principality rose to become a prominent power, eventually being elevated to the status of a kingdom. Daniel's rule managed to withstand the Mongol invasions, making him a defining personality in the latter period of the existence of Kievan Rus following the decline of Kyiv. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle praised Daniel as an exemplary ruler, brave warrior and wise statesman, whose qualities as a monarch made him second only to Solomon.
Boris Souvarine
Boris Souvarine (born Boris Konstantinovich Lifschitz, 1 November 1895 – 1 November 1984), also known as Varine, was a French Marxist, communist activist, essayist and journalist.

A founding member of the French Communist Party, Souvarine is noted for being the only non-Bolshevik communist to have been a member of all three leading bodies of the Comintern for three years in succession. He famously authored the first biography of Joseph Stalin, published in 1935 as Staline, Aperçu Historique du Bolchévisme (Stalin, Historic Overview of Bolshevism) and kept close correspondence with Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky until their deaths.

His nonconformism and early criticism of Stalin made him break away from the party in 1924. In the decades that followed, Souvarine continued publishing as a leading Sovietologist and anti-Stalinist. He was also the founder of the Institute of Social History and an author, historian, publisher and journalist.

Champ Libre
Champ Libre is a French publisher founded in 1969 by Gérard Lebovici in Paris. The name is taken from a phrase which means "free field" (the way is clear).

In 1984, after the assassination of Gérard Lebovici, Champ Libre changed its name and became Éditions Gérard Lebovici as an hommage. In 1992, it became Éditions Ivrea.

Champ libre has published George Orwell, Mikhail Bakunin and Guy Debord's complete works, among others.
Thora Silverthorne
Thora Silverthorne (25 November 1910 – 17 January 1999), also known as "Red Silverthorne", was a British Communist, nurse and healthcare activist. She worked as a nanny for MP Somerville Hastings in her youth. She is most known for her service to the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War, and for her roles in helping to found both Britain's National Health Service (NHS), and co-founding Britain's first union for rank and file nurses.

Silverthorne was a life-long member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).

Socialist Health Association
The Socialist Health Association (SHA, called the Socialist Medical Association before May 1981) is a socialist medical association based in the United Kingdom, affiliated to the Labour Party as a socialist society.
Nut roast
A nut roast or roasted nut loaf is a vegetarian dish consisting of nuts, grains, vegetable oils, broth or butter, and seasonings formed into a firm loaf shape or long casserole dish before roasting and often eaten as an alternative to a traditional British style roast dinner. It is popular with vegetarians at Christmas, as well as part of a traditional Sunday roast. Nut roasts are also made by Canadian and American vegetarians and vegans as the main dish for Thanksgiving or other harvest festival meals.

Casserole
A casserole (French: diminutive of casse, from Provençal cassa, meaning 'saucepan') is a kind of large, deep pan or bowl used for cooking a variety of dishes in the oven; it is also a category of foods cooked in such a vessel. To distinguish the two uses, the pan can be called a "casserole dish" or "casserole pan", whereas the food is simply "a casserole". The same pan is often used both for cooking and for serving.
Banksia tenuis var. reptans
Banksia tenuis var. reptans is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. reptans until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. tenuifolia and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia tenuis
Banksia tenuis is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has pinnatifid, serrated or smooth-edges leaves, golden brown and cream-coloured flowers in heads of about fifty-five and glabrous, egg-shaped follicles.
Moonbathers
Moonbathers is the fifth studio album by the Dutch symphonic metal band Delain. It was released on 26 August 2016 worldwide.

It features one guest appearance from Alissa White-Gluz. Just like We Are the Others, this album does not feature Marko Hietala. It is the only studio album with Ruben Israel on drums and Merel Bechtold on rhythm guitar.

We Are the Others
We Are the Others is the third studio album by the Dutch symphonic metal band Delain. It was released in the Benelux and Germany on 1 June 2012 and in the United Kingdom and France on 4 June by CNR Music, who took over Delain when Warner Music refused to release We Are the Others. The album was released in the US on 3 July. The first single, "Get the Devil Out of Me", was released on 13 April. The second single "We Are The Others" and its video was released on 11 September 2012. This is the first album by Delain without any studio songs with guest vocalist Marko Hietala. Live versions of "The Gathering" and "Control the Storm" are featured on the special edition of the album with Hietala singing his parts live.
Vera Valor
The Vera Valor is a dual digital and physical gold currency of one troy ounce with no face value other than that of one ounce of "four nine" purity fine gold. The reverse side of the coin is particular by its embedded QR code which allows for digital liquidity.

Digital gold currency
Digital gold currency (DGC) is a form of electronic money (or digital currency) based on mass units of gold. It is a kind of representative money, like a US paper gold certificate at the time (from 1873 to 1933) that these were exchangeable for gold on demand. The typical unit of account for such currency is linked to grams or troy ounces of gold, although other units such as the gold dinar are sometimes used.  DGCs are backed by gold through unallocated or allocated gold storage.

Digital gold currencies are issued by a number of companies, each of which provides a system that enables users to pay each other in units that hold the same value as gold bullion. These competing providers issue a type of independent currency. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is also issuing the ZiG, a digital token backed by gold, which has also been granted legal tender status.
Timeline of art
This page indexes the individual year in art pages; see also art periods. This list is exclusively for the visual arts; for music, see Timeline of musical events.

Prehistoric – 1000s – 1010s – 1020s – 1030s – 1040s – 1050s – 1060s – 1070s – 1080s – 1090s – 1100s – 1110s – 1120s – 1130s – 1140s – 1150s – 1160s – 1170s – 1180s – 1190s – 1200s – 1210s – 1220s – 1230s – 1240s – 1250s – 1260s – 1270s – 1280s – 1290s – 1300s – 1310s – 1320s – 1330s – 1340s – 1350s – 1360s – 1370s – 1380s – 1390s – 1400s – 1410s – 1420s – 1430s – 1440s – 1450s – 1460s – 1470s – 1480s – 1490s – 1500s – 1510s – 1520s – 1530s – 1540s – 1550s – 1560s – 1570s – 1580s – 1590s – 1600s – 1610s – 1620s – 1630s – 1640s – 1650s – 1660s – 1670s – 1680s – 1690s – 1700s – 1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s – 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s – 1890s – 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s – 1950s – 1960s – 1970s – 1980s – 1990s – 2000s – 2010s – 2020s

Sassetta
Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta  (c. 1392–1450) was a Tuscan painter of the Renaissance, and a significant figure of the Sienese School.  While working within the Sienese tradition, he innovated the style by introducing elements derived from the decorative Gothic style and the realism of contemporary Florentine innovators as Masaccio.
Astragalus ampullarioides
Astragalus ampullarioides is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common name Shivwits milkvetch. It was previously classified as a variety of Astragalus eremiticus. It is endemic to Washington County, Utah, where it is known from only seven populations. Estimates of the total number of individuals range from 1000 to 4200. The species occurs in desert scrub and woodlands on the Chinle Formation. It is a federally listed endangered species.

This is a perennial herb growing erect to a maximum height near half a meter. It produces about 45 flowers on an erect inflorescence. It is pollinated by bees.

Much of the plant's range is within the bounds of Zion National Park and Shivwits tribal lands. Other parts of the range are unprotected. Threats to the species include habitat loss to development and agriculture, herbivory by rabbits, cattle grazing, off-road vehicles, quarrying, and introduced plant species.

Washington County, Utah
Washington County is a county in the southwestern corner of Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 180,279, making it the fifth-most populous county in Utah. Its county seat and largest city is St. George. The county was created in 1852 and organized in 1856. It was named after the first President of the United States, George Washington. A portion of the Paiute Indian Reservation is in western Washington County. Washington County comprises the St. George, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Australian Forestry Group UK
The Australian Forestry Group UK was an element of the Second Australian Imperial Force raised for forestry duties. Its constituent units were established in 1940 and 1941 in response to a request from the British Government for foresters to work in France. After the fall of France the three Australian forestry companies were sent to the United Kingdom. The group headquarters was raised in July 1941. The foresters worked in northern England and Scotland, and had a secondary military role. The Australian Forestry Group returned to Australia via the United States in 1943, and its three companies later served in the Northern Territory and New Guinea.

Canadian Forestry Corps
The Canadian Forestry Corps (French: Corps forestier canadien) was an administrative corps of the Canadian Army with its own cap badge and other insignia and traditions.

The Canadian Forestry Corps was created 14 November 1916. The badge of the Canadian Forestry Corps consists of a circle, with a beaver on top, superimposed on a pair of crossed axes, with the text "Canadian Forestry Corps" around the edge. At the centre of the circle is a maple leaf with the Imperial State Crown. Their nickname was the "Sawdust Fusiliers".

The Canadian Forestry Corps was disbanded in 1920. It was reformed in 1940 then disbanded again in 1945.
Shraga Moshe Kalmanowitz
Shraga Moshe Kalmanowitz (Hebrew: שרגא משה קלמנוביץ; May 15, 1918 – April 16, 1998) was a Polish-American Orthodox rabbi. He was a rosh yeshiva (dean) of the Mir Yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York , from 1964 to 1998.

ArtScroll
ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Rahway, New Jersey. Rabbi Nosson Scherman is the general editor.

ArtScroll's first president, Rabbi Meir Zlotowitz (July 13, 1943 – June 24, 2017) was succeeded by his oldest son, Rabbi Gedaliah Zlotowitz, whose name is listed secondarily in new publications as general editor, after that of Rabbi Scherman.
Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.)
There are at least 14 large mammal and 50 small mammal species known to occur in Glacier National Park.

Species are listed by common name or scientific name.  Common and scientific names from R. S. Hoffman and D. L. Pattie, A Guide to Montana Mammals, 1968.

Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.
Warriors Five
Warriors Five (Italian: La guerra continua, French: La dernière attaque) is a 1962 black and white Italian-French-Yugoslavian international co-production war film directed by Leopoldo Savona and starring Jack Palance, Giovanna Ralli, and Serge Reggiani. It is set during World War II. It was released in the US by American International Pictures as a double feature with Samson and the Seven Miracles of the World.

Samson and the Seven Miracles of the World
Samson and the Seven Miracles of the World (Italian: Maciste alla corte del Gran Khan, lit. 'Maciste at the Court of the Great Khan') is a 1961  international co-production starring Gordon Scott.  The film reused the sets, extras and Yoko Tani as a princess from Marco Polo (1961) and Freda's The Mongols (1961).  The film was distributed in the United States by American International Pictures.
Norm (abelian group)
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, if  is an (abelian) group with identity element  then  is said to be a norm on  if:

Positive definiteness: ,

Subadditivity: ,

Inversion (Symmetry): .: §5 & §10.1

An alternative, stronger definition of a norm on  requires

,

,

.: §3.10

The norm  is discrete if there is some real number  such that  whenever .

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Midland, Western Australia
Midland is a suburb and historic town of Perth, Western Australia, located 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Perth's central business district. It is the administrative seat and commercial centre of the City of Swan local government area. It is also a designated strategic metropolitan centre for the larger Perth metropolitan area.

Eastern Railway (Western Australia)
The Eastern Railway  is the main railway route between Fremantle and Northam in Western Australia. It opened in stages between 1881 and 1893.  The line continues east to Kalgoorlie as the Eastern Goldfields Railway.

It is part of the interstate standard gauge railway between Perth and the rest of Australia.
Sgurgola
Sgurgola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Frosinone.

Sgurgola borders the following municipalities: Anagni, Ferentino, Gorga, Morolo.

Ferentino
Ferentino is a town and comune in Italy, in the province of Frosinone, Lazio, 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Rome.
It is situated on a hill 400 metres (1,312 feet) above sea level, in the Monti Ernici area.
Greenville Cotton Pickers
The Greenville Cotton Pickers were a minor league baseball team based in Greenville, Mississippi. From 1902 to 1905, the "Cotton Pickers" played as a member of the Class D level Cotton States League, winning the 1905 league championship.

The Greenville Cotton Pickers and Greenville Grays teams hosted home minor league games at Athletic Park.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in various seasons between 1902 and 2003. The Baton Rouge minor league teams played as members of the Cotton States League (1902–1906, 1929–1932), Dixie League (1933), East Dixie League (1934), Evangeline League (1946–1957), Gulf States League (1976), All-American Association (2001), and Southeastern League (2002–2003).

Baton Rouge teams played as a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Browns in 1947 and Philadelphia Phillies in 1948.
Pierre Beaumesnil
Pierre Beaumesnil (born in Paris around 1718 – died in Limoges on March 27, 1787) was a French traveler, impresario, draftsman, and collector. Described by Louis Guibert as a "antiquarian actor," he was known for his drawings and descriptive works depicting monuments and archaeological remains from the Limousin, Aquitaine, and other regions of France. His approach reflected a pre-Romantic sensibility rather than a strictly scientific one.

Beaumesnil's artistic depictions, some of which remain unique visual and textual records still examined in historiography and archaeology, have been noted for their limited reliability. These works are now dispersed, poorly catalogued, and largely unpublished. While portions were compiled into collections at the end of the eighteenth century and occasionally reproduced, a significant part of Beaumesnil's drawings and notes has been lost or is presumed missing from the collections and archives intended to preserve them.

Institut de France
The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French: [ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s]) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.
2009 AFF U-19 Youth Championship
The 2009 AFF U19 Youth Championship or AFF U.19 Kova Paint Cup 2009 was the sixth edition of the tournament organized by the ASEAN Football Federation and was hosted by Vietnam for the second time. The matches were played in Ho Chi Minh City from the 4th to the 12th of August 2009.  Vietnamese company Kova Paint have become the sponsors of the tournament.

ASEAN U-19 Boys' Championship
The ASEAN U-19 Boys' Championship (formerly AFF U-19 Youth Championship) is an biennal international football competition contested by the national teams of the members of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) and occasionally invited nations from the rest of Asia.

The tournament was previously played at under-20 level (except in 2003 when it was a special under-18 competition), however the AFF followed the lead of the Asian Football Confederation after they renamed its U-20 competition to fall in line with FIFA's naming conventions and also to reflect the age of the players at the competition. Thailand were the champions in the first ever edition in 2002.
Arabs in Serbia
Arabs in Serbia are mostly expatriates from a range of Arab countries, particularly Libya, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Iraq, and Jordan; and also small groups from Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and Sudan.

Syrian diaspora
Syrian diaspora refers to Syrian people and their descendants who chose or were forced to emigrate from Syria and now reside in other countries as immigrants, or as refugees of the Syrian Civil War.

The estimated number of people of Syrian descent residing outside Syria ranges from 8 to 13 million.: 1  The UNHCR reports that 4.9 million global refugees in 2015 were Syrian nationals. The Syrian nationality law does not grant diaspora Syrians an automatic right of return to Syria, and under the controversial 2018 Absentees Law, the Assad government confiscated property of millions of Syrians.
Pseudojana obscura
Pseudojana obscura is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1987. It is found on Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. The habitat consists of lowland dipterocarp forests.

The wingspan is about 32 mm. Adults are similar to Pseudojana perspicuifascia, but are smaller and redder, with the fasciation being less pronounced.

Pseudojana perspicuifascia
Pseudojana perspicuifascia is a species of moth of the family Eupterotidae first described by Rothschild in 1917. It is found in Sundaland and on Nias.

The ground colour of the wings is dark red to purplish red. The forewings marked with a series of transverse, more or less straight fasciae.