hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pets and the LGBTQ community
Pet ownership carries significance within the LGBTQ community. In recent years, there has been more academic attention placed on "the intersections of human and animal lives in the context of LGBT communities".

Gay men
Gay men are male homosexuals. Historic terminology for gay men has included inverts and uranians.

Gay men continue to face significant discrimination in large parts of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa. In the Western world, many gay men still experience discrimination in their daily lives, though some openly gay men have reached national success and prominence, including Apple CEO Tim Cook and heads of state or government such as Edgars Rinkēvičs (president of Latvia since 2023).

The word gay is recommended by LGBTQ groups and style guides to describe all people exclusively attracted to members of the same sex, while lesbian refers specifically to female homosexuals, and gay men to male homosexuals.
Ballalpur railway station
Ballalpur railway station is a halt railway station on the Barharwa–Azimganj–Katwa loop of Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 34 at Farakka of Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Łódź Voivodeship (1975–1998)
The Łódź Voivodeship was one of Poland's 49 voivodeships that existed between 1975 and 1998. It was the smallest voivodeship in terms of land area. It was located in central Poland, bordering with Skierniewice, Płock, Sieradz and Piotrków voivodeships. After administrative reforms, since 1999, it was fully incorporated into the bigger contemporary Łódz Voivodeship. Its authorities were seated in Łódź.

Between 1 June 1975 and 30 June 1984, it was called the Łódź Urban Voivodeship.

Sieradz Voivodeship
Sieradz Voivodeship (Polish: województwo sieradzkie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Łódź Voivodeship.

A Voivodeship is an area administered by a voivode (Governor), and the Sieradz Voivodeship is the area with the capital city of Sieradz. Sieradz is a significant city of Poland as it is one of the oldest cities of the country, tracing back roughly to the 6th century.
2022–23 U-17 Youth Cup
The 2022–23 Youth League, also known as 2022–23 Hero U-17 Youth Cup (for sponsorship ties with Hero MotoCorp), was the thirteenth season of the Indian Youth League and the first season of the competition as an under-17 category.

The 2019–20 season was abandoned midway and the league was not held since then due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Youth League (India)
The Youth League is a system of youth football leagues that are managed, organised and controlled by the All India Football Federation. It consists of 3 age groups competitions: U17 (AIFF Youth League), U15 (Junior League) and U13 (Sub-Junior League).
5th Cavalry Regiment
The 5th Cavalry Regiment ("Black Knights") is a historical unit of the United States Army that began its service on March 3, 1855, as the Second Cavalry Regiment. On August 3, 1861, it was redesignated as the 5th Cavalry Regiment following an act of Congress directing "that the two regiments of dragoons, the regiment of mounted riflemen, and the two regiments of cavalry shall hereafter be known and recognized, as the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth regiments of cavalry respectively..." and continues in modified organizational format in the U.S. Army.

Battle of Luzon
The Battle of Luzon (Tagalog: Labanan sa Luzon; Japanese: ルソン島の戦い; Spanish: Batalla de Luzón) was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, Mexico, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 217,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 8,000 American combatants killed, and over 150,000 Filipinos, overwhelmingly civilians who were murdered by Japanese forces, mainly during the Manila massacre of February 1945.
Elections in Republika Srpska
Republika Srpska elects on a national level a legislature and a president. The National Assembly of the Republika Srpska (Narodna skupština Republike Srpske) has 83 members elected for a four-year term. Republika Srpska has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party usually has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. A party must receive at least 3% of the votes in one of the nine electoral districts to qualify for any seats.

National Assembly (Republika Srpska)
The People's Assembly of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске, НСРС; Croatian: Narodna skupština Republike Srpske, NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
Jay Houghton
Jay Houghton (born October 27, 1966) is a Republican former member of the Missouri House of Representatives. Houghton was elected in 2010 to represent the 10th District, encompassing all or parts of Pike, Audrain, Callaway, Lincoln, Montgomery and Ralls counties. In November 2012 Houghton filed for election in the newly created Missouri House 43rd District, which contains all of Audrain and portions of Callaway counties.

Audrain County, Missouri
Audrain County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,962. Its county seat is Mexico. The county was organized December 13, 1836, and named for Colonel James Hunter Audrain of the War of 1812 and who later was elected to the state legislature.
Bidar–Kalaburagi rail line
The Bidar–Kalaburagi rail line is a 72.26 km (44.90 mi) long, single-track broad-gauge railway line in the Indian state of Karnataka. It connects Bidar and Kalaburagi (formerly Gulbarga), providing a direct rail link for the Kalyana-Karnataka region. After a prolonged development period affected by funding and land acquisition issues, with a final project cost of ₹1,462 crore, the line was fully inaugurated in October 2017. The line is operated by the South Central Railway zone.

Railway budget of India
Railway budget of India was the Annual Financial Statement for Indian Railways administered by the Railway Board, which handles rail transport in India. It was presented every year by the Minister of Railways, representing the Ministry of Railways, in the Parliament.

The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few days before the Union budget, till 2016. Modi government on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and General budgets from the next year, ending a 92-year-old practice of a separate budget for the nation's largest transporter.The decision to merge the Railway Budget with the Union Budget was made in 2016, following the submission of a white paper titled 'Dispensing with the Railway Budget' by the NITI Aayog Committee chaired by Bibek Debroy. The paper was presented to Railways Minister Suresh Prabhu said that this merger proposal was in the long term interest of railways as well as the country's economy and was a colonial practice that needed to be ended.
Microsoft Editor
Microsoft Editor is a closed source AI-powered writing assistant available for Word, Outlook, and as a Chromium browser extension part of Microsoft 365. It includes the essentials in a writing assistant, such as a grammar and spell checker. Microsoft provides a basic version of Editor for free but users wanting more features will need to have a paid Microsoft account.

As of October 2024, Microsoft Editor whilst being a Microsoft product, is not available in all of Microsoft tools (even popular business applications such as their messaging client, Microsoft Teams).

Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word is a word processing program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983, under the original name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), Handheld PC (1996), Pocket PC (2000), macOS (2001), Web browsers (2010), iOS (2014), and Android (2015).

Microsoft Word has been the de facto standard word processing software since the 1990s when it eclipsed WordPerfect. Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, which can be purchased with a perpetual license, as part of the Microsoft 365 suite as a subscription, or as a one-time purchase with Office 2024.
9th Fighter Brigade
The 9th Fighter Brigade (9th BDE, Chinese: 第9航空旅; pinyin: Dì 9 hángkōng lǚ), sometimes called the 9th Air Brigade is a fighter brigade of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) based at Wuhu Air Base in Wuhu, Anhui province. Called "the elite of all elite divisions in the PLAAF," the unit flies the Chengdu J-20 stealth fighter as the premier fighter aviation unit in the Eastern Theater Command Air Force. Until 2017, the 9th Brigade was known as the 1st Flying Brigade of the 9th Regiment of the 3rd Fighter Air Division, at which time the division was abolished and the surviving 7th, 8th, and 9th regiments beneath it were reorganized into independent fighter brigades. Also known as the Wang Hai Brigade, the unit and its ancestors were each the first PLAAF unit to operationally employ the Chengdu J-7, Sukhoi Su-27, Sukhoi Su-30MKK, and Chengdu J-20. The brigade's MUCD is not publicly known.

Eastern Theater Command Air Force
The Eastern Theater Command Air Force is the air force under the Eastern Theater Command. Its headquarters is in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The current commander is Wu Junbao and the current political commissar is Zhong Weiguo.
Ahomisation
Ahomisation was an assimilation process in the former Ahom kingdom of Assam by which the people from different ethnic groups in the region became a part of what is now considered as the Ahom population.

Lower Assam division
Lower Assam division is one of the 5 administrative divisions of Assam in India. It was formed in 1874, consisting of the undivided Kamrup district of Western Assam, undivided Darrang and Nagaon districts of Central Assam and Khasi & Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, created for revenue purposes.
René Lorin
René Lorin (24 March 1877 – 16 January 1933) was a French aerospace engineer and inventor of the ramjet.

In 1908 Lorin patented, FR390256, the first subsonic ramjet design. He published the principles of a ramjet in articles in the journal L'Aérophile from 1908 to 1913, expressing the idea that the exhaust from internal combustion engines could be directed into nozzles to create jet propulsion. He could not test this invention since there was no way at the time for an aircraft to go fast enough for a ramjet to function properly.

When René Leduc applied for a patent on a ramjet design in 1933, FR705648, he discovered Lorin's publications and tried to contact him, only to learn that he had recently died. Leduc thereafter paid homage to Lorin's work.

René Lorin is a graduate of the École Centrale Paris.

René Leduc
René Henri Leduc (French pronunciation: [ʁəne ɑ̃ʁi lədyk]; April 24, 1898 – March 9, 1968) was a French engineer and aircraft manufacturer, renowned for his pioneering work in ramjet propulsion. Leduc's groundbreaking designs, including the Leduc 010, 016, 021, and 022, were instrumental in advancing supersonic aviation technology. After cancellation of French Aviation Ministry's contracts for the Leduc ramjet aircraft projects, in 1958 Leduc's company converted from aeronautics to hydraulics, becoming known as Hydro Leduc and eventually focusing on production of hydraulic pumps for excavators.
Cherry (Japanese wrestler)
Cherry (チェリー, Cherī) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her tenure with various promotions such as DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT) and Pro Wrestling Wave.

Battle royal (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a battle royal (sometimes battle royale), is a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until one is left and declared the winner. Typical battle royals begin with a number of participants in the ring, who are then eliminated by going over the top rope and having both feet touch the venue floor.
Rubrerythrin
Rubrerythrin (RBR) is a non-heme iron-containing metalloprotein involved in oxidative stress tolerance within anaerobic bacteria. It contains a di-iron active site, where peroxide is reduced into two water molecules, and a mono-iron rubredoxin-like domain thought to be involved in electron transfer.  A majority of known RBR families are utilized as peroxide "scavengers" to defend organisms against oxidative stress.

Metalloprotein
Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance, at least 1000 human proteins (out of ~20,000) contain zinc-binding protein domains although there may be up to 3000 human zinc metalloproteins.
Outline of the Isle of Man
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Isle of Man:

Isle of Man – self-governing British Crown dependency located in the Irish Sea near the geographic centre of the British Isles. The head of state is King Charles III, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Crown is represented by a lieutenant governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but external relations, defence, and ultimate good governance of the Isle of Man are the responsibility of the government of the United Kingdom.

General Registry (Isle of Man)
The General Registry (Manx: Oik-Reccortysse) is the department which administers –

the civil and criminal Courts of the Isle of Man
the High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man
Courts of General Gaol Delivery
courts of summary jurisdiction

the Registries
Deeds and Probate Registry
Land Registry
Civil Registry, responsible for registration of births, deaths and marriages

registration of charities

Legal Aid

the Public Record Office

criminal injuries compensation

registration of legal practitioners (other than advocates)

The General Registry was established by the General Registry Act 1965.  Its chief executive officer is the Chief Registrar.
Morteza Mahjoub
Morteza Mahjoub or Morteza Mahjoob (Persian: مرتضی محجوب, born March 20, 1980) is an Iranian chess grandmaster. He won Iranian Chess Championship in 2005 and 2008.

In 2005 his rating was 2442 and in 2016 his rating was 2354. In 2007 he became grandmaster.

In September 2005 he won Iranian Chess Championship with the score 9.5 points out of 11.

Mahjoob previously held the world record for simultaneous exhibition, which he set on August 13, 2009. He walked 18 hours and won 397 of the games, 90 draws and 13 loses. His record was broken on October 21, 2010 by GM Alik Gershon.

Alik Gershon
Alik Gershon (Hebrew: אליק גרשון; born 3 June 1980, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine) is an Israeli chess grandmaster. On 21 October 2010 he set the Guinness World Record for simultaneous games after playing 523 opponents in Tel Aviv. After 18 hours and 30 minutes, he won 454 games (86%), lost 11 and drew 58. On 9 February 2011 his record was broken by Iranian chess grandmaster Ehsan Ghaem-Maghami.

He was the World Under-14 champion in 1994 and World Under-16 champion in 1996. In 2000 he won the Israeli Chess Championship (tied with Boris Avrukh).

In 2007, his book San Luis 2005 (coauthored with Igor Nor) won the English Chess Federations Book of the Year award.
1990 Dartmouth Big Green football team
The 1990 Dartmouth Big Green football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Big Green were co-champions of the Ivy League.

In its fourth under head coach Eugene "Buddy" Teevens, the team compiled a 7–2–1 record and outscored opponents 211 to 121. Peter Chapman and Richard Joyce were the team captains.

The Big Green's 6–1 conference record tied for first in the Ivy League standings. Dartmouth outscored Ivy opponents 147 to 65. Dartmouth shared the championship despite having defeated its co-champion, Cornell, in their head-to-head matchup.

The Big Green were unranked for most of the year, but entered the national Division I-AA top 20 toward the end of their six-game win streak, and were ranked No. 17 at the end of the year.

Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.

1990 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1990 Cornell Big Red football team represented Cornell University in the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Ivy League. The Big Red were led by first-year head coach Jim Hofher and played their home games at Schoellkopf Field. The Big Red finished the season 7–3 overall and 6–1 in Ivy League play to win Cornell's third Ivy League championship, sharing the title with Dartmouth.
Central African egg-eating snake
Dasypeltis fasciata, commonly known as the Central African egg-eating snake or the western forest eggeater, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Africa. It is one of 18 species in the genus Dasypeltis, and is occasionally kept in captivity as an exotic pet along with other members of its genus, particularly D. scabra and D. medici.

Egg predation
Egg predation or ovivory is a carnivorous feeding strategy in many groups of animals (ovivores) in which they consume eggs. Since a fertilized egg represents a complete organism at one stage of its life cycle, eating an egg is a form of predation, the killing of another organism for food.

Egg predation is found widely across the animal kingdom, including in fish, birds, snakes, mammals, and arthropods. Some species are specialist egg predators, but many more are generalists which take eggs when the opportunity arises.

Humans have accidentally or intentionally introduced egg predators such as rats to places that had been free of them, causing damage to native species such as ground-nesting seabirds. Predatory birds such as ravens and gulls have spread, threatening ground-nesting birds such as sage grouse and terns. Measures to control such predators include the use of poisoned bait eggs.
Metallization pressure
Metallization pressure is the pressure required for a non-metallic chemical element to become a metal. Every material is predicted to turn into a metal if the pressure is high enough, and temperature low enough. Some of these pressures are beyond the reach of diamond anvil cells, and are thus theoretical predictions. Neon has the highest metallization pressure for any element.

The value for phosphorus refers to pressurizing black phosphorus. The value for arsenic refers to pressurizing metastable black arsenic; grey arsenic, the standard state, is already a metallic conductor at standard conditions. No value is known or theoretically predicted for radon. Astatine is calculated to already be a metal at standard conditions, although its extreme radioactivity means that this has never been tested experimentally.

Allotropes of arsenic
Arsenic in the solid state can be found as gray, black, or yellow allotropes. These various forms feature diverse structural motifs, with yellow arsenic enabling the widest range of reactivity. In particular, reaction of yellow arsenic with main group and transition metal elements results in compounds with wide-ranging structural motifs, with butterfly, sandwich and realgar-type moieties featuring most prominently.
Baiju, Jiangsu
Baiju (simplified Chinese: 白驹; traditional Chinese: 白駒; pinyin: Báijū) is a town in Dafeng District, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China. As of 2020, it administers Haining Residential District (海宁) and the following 16 villages:

Yandi Village (沿堤村)

Majia Village (马家村)

Minyao Village (民窑村)

Qiliqiao Village (七里桥村)

Tuanjie Village (团结村)

Sanlishu Village (三里树村)

Shizikou Village (狮子口村)

Tangshe Village (汤舍村)

Tangxi Village (唐西村)

Xiao'ao Village (肖坳村)

Jinbu Village (进步村)

Xinduo Village (新垛村)

Zhushe Village (朱舍村)

Dongyao Village (东窑村)

Yaogang Village (窑港村)

Yangxin Village (洋心村)

Yancheng
Yancheng (simplified Chinese: 盐城; traditional Chinese: 鹽城; pinyin: Yánchéng), formerly known as Yandu, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern coastal Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. As the city with the largest jurisdictional area in Jiangsu, Yancheng borders Lianyungang to the north, Huai'an to the west, Yangzhou and Taizhou to the southwest, Nantong to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the east. Formerly a county, the current Yancheng city was founded on January 18, 1983.

Yancheng, literally "Salt City", is named after the salt harvest fields surrounding the city. According to historical records, collection and production of sea salt in the region began as early as 119 BC, during the Western Han dynasty, when the settlement on the current location of Yancheng was named Yandu County (盐渎县). According to the 2020 census, Yancheng had a registered population of 6,709,629, with 1,733,591 inhabitants in its built up area comprising the districts of Tinghu and Yandu.
48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot
The 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot was a regiment of the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Northamptonshire Regiment in 1881.

Second Battle of Porto
The Second Battle of Porto, also known as the Battle of the Douro or the Crossing of the Douro, took place on 12 May 1809. General Arthur Wellesley's Anglo-Portuguese Army defeated Marshal Soult's French troops and took back the city of Porto.  After taking command of the British troops in Portugal on 22 April, Wellesley (later named 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess Douro) immediately advanced on Porto and made a surprise crossing of the Douro River, approaching Porto where its defences were weak. Soult's late attempts to muster a defence were in vain. The French quickly abandoned the city in a disorderly retreat.

This battle ended the Second French invasion of Portugal. Soult soon found his retreat route to the east blocked and was forced to destroy his guns and burn his baggage train. Wellesley pursued the French army, but Soult's army escaped annihilation by fleeing through the mountains.