hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Aegon International
The 2012 Aegon International was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 38th edition of the event for the women and the 4th edition for the men. It was classified as a WTA Premier tournament on the 2012 WTA Tour and as an ATP World Tour 250 series on the 2012 ATP World Tour. The event took place at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club in Eastbourne, United Kingdom from 16 June through 23 June 2012. Andy Roddick and Tamira Paszek won the singles titles.

2012 WTA Tour
The 2012 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions), and the tennis event at the Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Castle Chapel of St. Thomas Becket
The Castle Chapel of St. Thomas Becket (also known as, the Pearl of Silesian Gothic, or the Silesian Sainte-Chapelle) was built at the end of the 13th century and is located in the eastern wing of the castle in Racibórz. Originally constructed in the Gothic style, the building incorporates elements of Baroque and Neo-Gothic architecture.

From 1288 to 1416, a collegiate church was located next to the chapel, founded by the Bishop of Wrocław, Tomasz II. The temple was repeatedly ravaged by fires, including those in 1519, 1637, and 1858. In 1988, during renovation works, the so-called Schneider's map was discovered, showing a handwritten depiction of a legendary tunnel leading under the Oder river. The chapel likely housed relics of Thomas Becket or St. Stanislaus of Szczepanów.

Przemysław of Racibórz
Przemysław of Racibórz (Polish: Przemysław raciborski) (between 21 October 1258 and 12 June 1268 – 7 May 1306) was a Duke of Racibórz since 1282 until his death (until 1290 with his brother as co-ruler).

He was the fourth son of Władysław, Duke of Opole-Racibórz, by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Władysław Odonic, Duke of Greater Poland. He was born between 21 October 1258 and 12 June 1268. He was not mentioned among other sons of Władysław on document from 21 October 1258. First document, where Przemysław was mentioned, is from 12 June 1268.
Valentino Mazzola
Valentino Mazzola (Italian pronunciation: [valenˈtiːno matˈtsɔːla]; 26 January 1919 – 4 May 1949) was an Italian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or forward.

Considered one of the great number 10s in the history of football and, according to some, the best Italian footballer of all time, Mazzola was the captain and symbol of the "Grande Torino", the team recognised as one of the strongest in the world during the second half of the 1940s, with whom Mazzola won five Serie A championships. He was also captain of the Italy national team for two years.

He became known during his spell at Venezia, where he played as a midfielder, a playing position he held throughout his career that allowed him to expand his fame beyond Italy. In his later seasons, he was considered one of the best players in Europe in his role. He died at the age of 30 in the Superga air disaster.

1945–46 Italian Football Championship
The 1945–46 Italian Football Championship officially known as 1945–46 Divisione Nazionale, was the forty-fourth edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was the twenty-first season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. 1945-46 was the first Italian Football Championship held after the ravages of World War II. Hence the authorities resurrected a one season return to the Divisione Nazionale two region set up, instead of the nationwide Serie A brand introduced in 1929.

Torino FC were champions for the third time in their history. This was their third scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924 and their second 'non-Serie A' style win. This was their second of five consecutive Italian Football Championship wins, punctuated by a two-year break due to World War II.
Tondo (art)
A tondo (pl.: tondi or tondos) is a Renaissance term for a circular work of art, either a painting or a sculpture. The word derives from the Italian rotondo, "round". The term is usually not used in English for small round paintings, but only those over about 60 cm (two feet) in diameter, thus excluding many round portrait miniatures – for sculpture the threshold is rather lower.

A circular or oval relief sculpture is also called a roundel. The infrequently-encountered synonym rondo usually refers to the musical form.

Roundel
A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also for a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular and usually comprising concentric rings of different colours. Roundels are used in many other contexts as well.
Node influence metric
In graph theory and network analysis, node influence metrics are measures that rank or quantify the influence of every node (also called vertex) within a graph. They are related to  centrality indices. Applications include measuring the influence of each person in a social network, understanding the role of infrastructure nodes in transportation networks, the Internet, or urban networks, and the participation of a given node in disease dynamics.

Network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components.

Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.

Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
Amphiarius phrygiatus
Amphiarius phrygiatus, the Kukwari sea catfish, is a species of sea catfish which occurs in brackish estuaries with very low salinities, nearly entering freshwater, and is found on shallow muddy bottoms, ranging through Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.  It grows to about 30 centimetres (12 in) TL.  As with other Arriid catfishes this species is a mouthbrooder.  The female A. phrygiatus lays her eggs in a gelatinous mass on a sandy depression for the male to collect to mouthbrood.  This species is caught for human consumption.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
2017 U.S. Classic
The 2017 U.S. Classic, known as the 2017 Secret U.S. Classic for sponsorship reasons, was the 34th edition of the U.S. Classic gymnastics tournament. The competition was held on July 29, 2017, at the Sears Centre Arena in the Hoffman Estates suburb of Chicago, Illinois.

Hoffman Estates, Illinois
Hoffman Estates is a village mostly in Cook County, Illinois, United States with a very small portion in Kane County, Illinois. It is a suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 52,530.

The village previously served as the headquarters for Sears and is one of the American headquarters for Mori Seiki. Now Arena, home of the Windy City Bulls of the NBA G League, is located in the village. Between 2006 and 2009, the village hosted the Heartland International Tattoo, one of the largest music and dance festivals of its kind in the Midwest.
2020 8 Hours of Bahrain
26°1′57″N 50°30′38″E﻿ / ﻿26.03250°N 50.51056°E﻿ / 26.03250; 50.51056

The 2020 8 Hours of Bahrain was an endurance sportscar racing event that was held on 14 November 2020, as the season finale of the 2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship. It was also the eighth running of the 8 Hours of Bahrain, and the second running in an extended 8 hours format. The race was won by the #7 Toyota TS050 Hybrid.

2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship was the eighth season of the FIA World Endurance Championship, an auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series is open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars divided into four categories. World Championship titles were awarded for LMP drivers, LMP1 teams, GTE drivers and GTE manufacturers. With the new winter scheduling format, the series began at Silverstone Circuit in September 2019 and ended with the 2020 8 Hours of Bahrain in November 2020.
Puerto Rico Highway 21
Puerto Rico Highway 21 (PR-21) is the main highway to get to the Medical Center and Veterans Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Its western terminus is located at PR-19 intersection near Guaynabo and leads to San Juan before ending at PR-1 junction near Río Piedras.

Puerto Rico Highway 1
Puerto Rico Highway 1 (PR-1) is a highway in Puerto Rico that connects the city of Ponce to San Juan. Leaving Ponce, the road heads east and follows a somewhat parallel route along the southern coast of the island heading towards Salinas. At Salinas, the road turns north to cut through the Cordillera Central in its approach to San Juan. Before reaching San Juan, it climbs to make its way to the mountain town of Cayey and then it winds down into the city of Caguas on its final approach to San Juan.
Gochy
Gochy is a cultural area in southwest Kashubia, located in Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. It borders Miastko to the west, Człuchów County to the south, Zabory to the east, and Bytowa Lake Region to the north. It is the homeland of the Gochan people, a subgroup of Kashubian people. Historically, various families of Kashubian nobility originate from this area.

Miastko
Miastko [ˈmʲastkɔ] (Kashubian: Miastkò; German: Rummelsburg in Pommern), is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northern Poland, administratively located in the Bytów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
1948–49 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1948–49 English football season was Aston Villa's 50th season in The Football League. Villa played in the First Division, the top-tier of English football.

At the start of the season The Times had tipped both Villa and Birmingham as Championship contenders.
In the Second City derby both teams won their away fixtures.

Villa faced Wolves for the 1948 Christmas fixtures. On Christmas Day they were beaten 4–0 at the Molineux  before winning 5–1 at home two days later. Trevor Ford scored four with Syd Howarth adding the fifth.

There were debuts for  Con Martin (194),  Colin Gibson (158), Ivor Powell (79), Herbert Smith (54), Larry Canning (39), Miller Craddock (34), Jock Mulraney (12), and Syd Howarth (8).

Syd Howarth
Sydney Howarth (20 June 1923 – 1 November 2004) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Aston Villa, Swansea Town and Walsall. He is probably best remembered for his two spells in non-League football with Merthyr Tyrdfil.
Football at the Asian Youth Games
Boys' football tournament has been a regular Asian Youth Games sporting event since the first Asian Youth Games in 2009 edition, while girl's tournament not yet.

Age limit is under-14, same as the age limit in football competitions at the Youth Olympics. Although Kazakhstan is a member of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), the football team has been a member of the UEFA since 2002. The same rule applies to the Guam and Australia who are members of the AFC, but they are members of Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC).

South Korea is the only nation have won gold medals in Asian Youth Games.

Asian Youth Games
The Asian Youth Games, also known as AYG, is a multi-sport event held every four to two years among teenage athletes from all over Asia. The Games have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia. The Games are described as the second-largest continental multi-sport event after the Asian Games.

The creation of the Asian Youth Games was a part of Singapore's bid to host the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. It was intended to show Singapore's organisational capabilities and infrastructure.

In its history, three nations have hosted the Asian Youth Games. Forty-five nations have participated in the Games.

The last Games was held in Bahrain from 22 to 31 October 2025. The next Games will take place in 2029 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Aruz
The ʿarūż (from Arabic عروض ʿarūḍ), also called ʿarūż prosody, is the Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters. The earliest founder of this versification system was Khalil ibn Ahmad. There were 16 meters of ʿarūż at first. Later Persian scholars added 3 more. For example, the Karakhanid long poem Kutadgu Bilig from the 11th century was written using the mutaqārib meter.

Kutadgu Bilig
The Kutadgu Bilig or Qutadğu Bilig (/kuːˈtɑːdɡuː ˈbɪlɪk/; Khaqani Turkic: [qʊtɑðˈɢʊ bɪˈlɪɡ]) is an 11th-century work written by Yūsuf Balasaguni for the prince of Kashgar. The text reflects the author's and his society's beliefs, feelings and practices with regard to quite a few topics and depicts interesting facets of various aspects of life in the Kara-Khanid Khanate.
Table tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's singles
The women's singles table tennis event was part of the table tennis programme at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. The event took place from 27 July to 3 August 2024 at Paris Expo Porte de Versailles.

Table tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The table tennis tournaments at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris ran from 27 July to 10 August at the Paris Expo Porte de Versailles. A total of 175 table tennis players, with an equal distribution between men and women, competed across five medal events (two per gender and a mixed) at these Games, the exact same number as those in the previous editions. After a successful tournament during the 2020 Summer Olympics, the mixed doubles event remained in the table tennis program for the second time at the Olympics.

Chinese players swept all of the available events, winning five gold medals.

The 2024 Summer Olympics marked a historic milestone for table tennis, drawing over 230,000 spectators across 15 days of competition at the South Paris Arena 4. 6,500 fans per session attended Olympic table tennis.
Gronchi Rosa
The Gronchi Rosa is a rare Italian postage stamp design error showing outdated country boundaries between Peru and Ecuador. It was one of the stamps of a 1961 issue for the voyage of president Giovanni Gronchi to three South American countries. Issued on 3 April 1961 but withdrawn the same day after the error was observed. The withdrawn stamp was replaced with a grey version.

The 205 liras rosa was intended for the stopover in Peru. The artist made a mistake with the boundaries between Peru and Ecuador. The rose-colored stamp was quickly replaced by a grey version with corrected boundaries, but some philatelic souvenirs using the Gronchi Rosa already existed. A forgery of this stamp is known to exist.

Legal validity was due to begin on 6 April 1961, the date of the President's departure, but validity was suspended and the stamp was replaced with the "Gronchi grigio".

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Saint-Sulpice, Paris
The Church of Saint-Sulpice (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sylpis] ⓘ) is a Catholic church in Paris, France, on the east side of Place Saint-Sulpice, in the 6th arrondissement. As tall as Notre-Dame, it is the largest church in the city. It is dedicated to Sulpitius the Pious. Construction of the present building, the second on the site, began in 1646. During the 18th century, an elaborate gnomon, the Gnomon of Saint-Sulpice, was constructed in the church.  Saint-Sulpice is also known for its Great Organ, one of the most significant organs in the world, and its titular organists, including Charles-Marie Widor and Marcel Dupré.

Jacques-François Blondel
Jacques-François Blondel (8 January 1705 – 9 January 1774) was an 18th-century French architect and teacher. After running his own highly successful school of architecture for many years, he was appointed Professor of Architecture at the Académie Royale d'Architecture in 1762, and his Cours d'architecture ("Course of Architecture", 1771–1777) largely superseded a similarly titled book published in 1675 by his famous namesake, François Blondel, who had occupied the same post in the late 17th century.
Human rights and encryption
Human rights and encryption refers to the ways in which digital encryption affects human rights. Encryption can be used as both a detriment and a boon to human rights; for example, encryption can be used to enforce digital rights management for video games. This kind of  video game licensing can render software unusable long term and represents the erosion of consumer rights. At the same time, encryption is fundamental part of internet security. Asymmetrical encryption is used extensively online for authentication, providing users confidence their internet traffic is not being misdirected. Encryption is also used to obfuscate information as it travels from end-to-end over the internet, preventing eavesdropping and tampering. Encryption can also provide anonymity, which is an important consideration for freedom of expression. Despite its drawbacks, encryption is essential for a free, open, and trustworthy internet.

Privacy-enhancing technologies
Privacy-enhancing technologies (PET) are technologies that embody fundamental data protection principles by minimizing personal data use, maximizing data security, and empowering individuals. PETs allow online users to protect the privacy of their personally identifiable information (PII), which is often provided to and handled by services or applications. PETs use techniques to minimize an information system's possession of personal data without losing functionality. Generally speaking, PETs can be categorized as either hard or soft privacy technologies.
Maria Blumenthal-Tamarina
Maria Mikhailovna Blumenthal-Tamarina (née Klimova; 16 July 1859 – October 16, 1939), was a Soviet and Russian movie and theater actress. She was given the title of People's Artist of the USSR (1936) and was one of the first actresses to receive this honor. She was also recognized as Honored Artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (also known as the RSFSR) in 1925 and People's Artist of RSFSR in 1928. She was also named a recipient of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

Yakov Protazanov
Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (Russian: Яков Александрович Протазанов; 4 February (O.S. 23 January ) 1881 – 8 August 1945) was a Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter, and one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian SFSR (1935) and Uzbek SSR (1944).
KTVC
KTVC (channel 36) is a religious independent television station in Roseburg, Oregon, United States. The station is owned by Better Life Television, based in Grants Pass, Oregon. KTVC's transmitter is located on Mount Rose northeast of Roseburg.

KAMK-LD (channel 5) in Eugene operates as a translator of KTVC; this station's transmitter is located on Blanton Road.

Roseburg, Oregon
Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon. It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon. Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census, making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5. Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg is the home of Roseburg Forest Products, which now spans across 5 different states and 2 countries.
Kaunas Carillon
The Kaunas Carillon (Lithuanian: Kauno kariljonas) is a carillon in the tower of the Vytautas the Great War Museum in Kaunas, Lithuania. The carillon officially belongs to the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Lithuania and Vytautas the Great War Museum. In the interwar period, it was the only carillon in Lithuania, however currently four other carillons are also in Klaipėda, Vilnius, Šakiai, and Gelgaudiškis Manor.

The tower where the Kaunas Carillon is located is 32 metres (105 ft) tall and has an observation deck. The total weight of the carillon's 49 bells is 4,334 kilograms (9,555 lb). The largest bell weighs 751 kilograms (1,656 lb) and was funded by the Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus and his wife Alma Adamkienė. Music played on the Kaunas Carillon can be heard within a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) radius.

Żeligowski's Mutiny
Żeligowski's Mutiny (Polish: bunt Żeligowskiego, also żeligiada, Lithuanian: Želigovskio maištas) was a Polish false flag operation led by General Lucjan Żeligowski in October 1920, which resulted in the creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania. Józef Piłsudski, the Chief of State of Poland, surreptitiously ordered Żeligowski to carry out the operation, and revealed the truth only several years afterwards.

The Second Polish Republic formally annexed Vilnius and its region on 4 March 1922 and the area was recognized by the Conference of Ambassadors as Polish territory on 15 March 1923, which was unrecognized by Lithuania, that claimed Vilnius and its region, and by the Soviet Union. The International Court of Justice in The Hague arbitrated in 1931 that Poland broke international law by occupying Vilnius.
Alhred of Northumbria
Alhred or Alchred was king of Northumbria from 765 to 774. He had married Osgifu, either the daughter of Oswulf, granddaughter of Eadberht Eating, or Eadberht's daughter, and was thus related by marriage to Ecgbert, Archbishop of York. A genealogy survives which makes Alhred a descendant of Ida of Bernicia through a son named Eadric.

Ecgbert of York
Ecgbert (died 19 November 766) was an 8th-century cleric who established the archdiocese of York in 735. In 737, Ecgbert's brother became king of Northumbria and the two siblings worked together on ecclesiastical issues. Ecgbert was a correspondent of Bede and Boniface and the author of a legal code for his clergy. Other works have been ascribed to him, although the attribution is doubted by modern scholars.
Xinjian Subdistrict, Nanchong
Xinjian Subdistrict (Chinese: 新建街道; pinyin: Xīnjiàn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan province, China. As of 2018, it has 5 residential communities under its administration.

Shunqing, Nanchong
Shunqing District (simplified Chinese: 顺庆区; traditional Chinese: 順慶區; pinyin: Shùnqìng Qū) is a district of Nanchong city, Sichuan Province, China.

One campus of North Sichuan Medical University is in the district.