hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kraków Land
The Kraków Land (Polish: ziemia krakowska; Latin: Terra Cracoviensis), also spelled as Cracow Land, was a land (administrative subdivision) of Poland in the Middle Ages. It was located in the Lesser Poland, and centered around its capital, Kraków. Since 1138, it was a main land of the Seniorate Province, that in 1227, was replaced by the Duchy of Kraków. Around 1314, the area of land was incorporated into Kraków Voivodeship, that was established within the same borders.

Duchy of Kraków
Duchy of Kraków was a duchy in Lesser Poland that existed from 1227 until 1300. Its capital was Kraków. It was formed in 1227 from the Seniorate Province, following the abolishment of the Duchy of Poland. It remained independent until 1300, when it had become a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland. In 1320, it was incorporated into the United Kingdom of Poland.
Central Brooklyn
Central Brooklyn consists of several neighborhoods often grouped together because of their large populations of African Americans and Caribbean Americans. Central Brooklyn is the largest collection of black communities in both New York City and the United States. These neighborhoods include:

Bedford-Stuyvesant, which broadly includes smaller communities such as
Ocean Hill
Stuyvesant Heights

Crown Heights, which includes smaller communities such as 
Weeksville

East Flatbush, which may be grouped together with the smaller neighborhood of Wingate

Flatbush, which broadly includes smaller communities such as 
Ditmas Park
Prospect Lefferts Gardens
Prospect Park South

Other communities that may be included in a broader definition of Central Brooklyn are:

Brownsville

Canarsie

Clinton Hill

East New York

Fort Greene

Prospect Heights

Central Brooklyn is centered in the following zip codes:

11203

11213

11216

11221

11225

11226

11233

11238

11233

Ocean Hill, Brooklyn
Ocean Hill is a subsection of Bedford–Stuyvesant in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 16 and was founded in 1890. The ZIP code for the neighborhood is 11233. Ocean Hill's boundaries start from Broadway and the neighborhood of Bushwick in the north, Ralph Avenue and the neighborhoods of Bedford–Stuyvesant proper and Crown Heights to the west, East New York Avenue and the neighborhood of Brownsville to the south, and Van Sinderen Avenue and the neighborhood of East New York to the east.
Sarajevo International School
QSI International School of Sarajevo is an international school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The language of instruction is English. The curriculum is based on US National Standards with the addition of three foreign languages. The school is funded by tuition fees. Students range from 3 to 18 years of age. It has approximately 170 students, representing 37 nationalities. The school's director is Leah Jamele.

The school was located in Vogošća, a quiet suburb of Sarajevo. It recently changed location to a building closer to the city center.

Sarajevo International School is part of Quality Schools International and is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. The school is also part of the Central and Eastern European Schools Association (CEESA).

Quality Schools International
Quality Schools International (QSI) is a group of non-profit international schools offering education in the English language, in a number of countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and North America. The first school was founded in 1971. The organization's world headquarters is located in Malta. The organization's founders and co-presidents are Jim Gilson and Duane Root.
G.8261
ITU-T Recommendation G.8261/Y.1361 (formerly G.pactiming) "Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks" specifies the upper limits of allowable network jitter and wander, the minimum requirements that network equipment at the TDM interfaces at the boundary of these packet networks can tolerate, and the minimum requirements for the synchronization function of network equipment.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship
The 2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship was originally to be the 7th edition of the CONCACAF U-17 Championship (20th edition if all eras included), the biennial international youth football championship organised by CONCACAF for the under-17 national teams of the North, Central American and Caribbean region. However, on 5 June 2020, CONCACAF announced that the qualifying competition, originally scheduled to be played in 2020, had been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The top four teams of the tournament would have qualified for the 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Peru as the CONCACAF representatives. However, FIFA announced on 17 November 2020 that this edition of the World Cup would be cancelled. Following this announcement, CONCACAF decided on 4 January 2021 that the 2020 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, which served as the regional qualifiers, would be cancelled.

2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup
The 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup should have been the 19th edition of the FIFA U-17 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-17 national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It would have been hosted by Peru.

Brazil were the defending champions.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was cancelled on 24 December 2020. Peru was then awarded the right to host the subsequent FIFA U-17 World Cup instead, a right later given to Indonesia.
Syngamidae
The Syngamidae are a family of nematodes which commonly parasitize mammals, birds, and rarely humans. They are classified in the Strongyloidae superfamily and Strongylata order.

Notable species within the family Syngamidae include Syngamus trachea, commonly known as the gapeworm, which infests birds, and Mammomonogamus laryngeus, which is a parasite of ungulates, cats, and orangutans, and which can accidentally infect humans.

Parasitic infection occurs when the host ingests the parasite via contaminated food, water, or intermediate hosts like earthworms, snails, and arthropods. Worms usually migrate and inhabit the respiratory tract of hosts, where the male and female worms join in permanent copulation.

Syngamidae nematodes are globally distributed and are important in veterinary parasitology.

Gapeworm
A gapeworm (Syngamus trachea), also known as a red worm and forked worm, is a parasitic nematode worm that infects the tracheas of certain birds. The resulting disease, known as "gape", occurs when the worms clog and obstruct the airway. The worms are also known as "red worms" or "forked worms" due to their red color and the permanent procreative conjunction of males and females. Gapeworms are common in young, domesticated chickens and turkeys.

When the female gapeworm lays her eggs in the trachea of an infected bird, the eggs are coughed up, swallowed, then defecated. Birds are infected with the parasite when they consume the eggs found in the feces, or by consuming a transport host such as earthworms or snails (Planorbarius corneus, Bithynia tentaculata and others).
Black-crowned palm-tanager
The black-crowned palm-tanager or black-crowned tanager (Phaenicophilus palmarum) is a species of bird of the family Phaenicophilidae, the Hispaniolan palm-tanagers. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Phaenicophilidae
Phaenicophilidae are a family of passerine birds endemic to the island of Hispaniola (split between the Dominican Republic and Haiti) and adjacent islands. The family contains four species in three genera. These species were historically classified within the families Thraupidae (tanagers) and Parulidae (New World warblers), but genetic studies have confirmed they form a distinct clade.
Stirling, South Australia
Stirling is a small town in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, approximately 15 km from the Adelaide city centre. It is administered by the Adelaide Hills Council. Neighbouring townships are Crafers and Aldgate. Other nearby towns are Heathfield and Bridgewater. Of those five, Stirling has the largest commercial strip, and used to have the greatest number and widest variety of shops, and the only bank. Once there were multiple banks but all but one have left.  A fire destroyed the main shopping complex in the main street in 2023, and will be rebuilt by autumn 2027.
Stirling East, a similar sized area towards Aldgate, is home to a school.

Bridgewater, South Australia
Bridgewater is a town in South Australia, located in the Adelaide Hills to the south-east of the Adelaide city centre.

It is the former end of the Adelaide-Bridgewater railway line; this route was closed in 1987. The railway was converted to standard gauge in 1995 and continues to be the main line from Adelaide to Melbourne, but no trains stop at the now demolished Bridgewater railway station.

A portion of the Heysen walking trail runs through the town, as well as the Pioneer Women's walking trail.
Kingswood College, Kandy
Kingswood College, Kandy (Sinhala: කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලය) is a public day and boarding school for boys in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The school educates over 3,500 students from primary to secondary levels and is staffed by more than 300 faculty members. It was founded by Louis Edmund Blaze on 4 May 1891 with the aim of providing education grounded in Methodist principles.

Initially opened with just eleven students at Pavilion Street, the school later relocated to Randles Hill. It is one of the oldest schools in Kandy and is commonly known as KCK.

Independence Day (Sri Lanka)
Independence Day, is a Sri Lankan national holiday celebrated annually on 4 February to commemorate the country’s political independence from British rule in 1948. It is celebrated all over the country through a flag-hoisting ceremony, dances, parades, and performances. Usually, the main celebration takes place in Colombo, where the President of Sri Lanka raises the national flag and delivers a nationally televised speech.

Traditionally the Sri Lanka Navy accords a 21 gun salute to the nation from the ceremonial naval gun battery at the Colombo Lighthouse. A Google Doodle reaching only Sri Lanka celebrated the occasion in 2013 and from 2017 continuously onwards.
Giuseppe Ricciotti
Giuseppe Ricciotti CRL (1890 in Rome – 1964) was an Italian canon regular, Biblical scholar and archeologist. He is famous mainly for his book The Life of Christ edited in 1941 and reedited and reprinted several times.

Ernesto Buonaiuti
Ernesto Buonaiuti (June 25, 1881 – April 20, 1946) was an Italian historian, philosopher of religion, former Catholic priest and anti-fascist. He lost his chair at the University of Rome owing to his opposition to the Fascists. As a scholar in History of Christianity and religious philosophy he was one of the most important exponents of the modernist current.
Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)
The Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594), was a military conflict fought between the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the Kingdom of Cambodia. The war began in 1591 when Ayutthaya invaded Cambodia in response to continuous Khmer raids into their territory. The Kingdom of Cambodia was also facing religious disagreements within the country. This gave the Siamese a perfect opportunity to invade. The first invasion was interrupted before it achieved its goals. The Ayutthayan king Naresuan returned two years later, eventually subjugating the whole country and finally sacking the Cambodian capital of Longvek on 3 January 1594.

Bago, Myanmar
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; Burmese: ပဲခူးမြို့, MLCTS: pai: khu: mrui., IPA: [bəɡó mjo̰]), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north-east of Yangon. The city had a population of 179,505 people in 2019 and was a historical capital of the Taungoo Dynasty and is known for its large pagodas.
Double stop
In music, a double stop is the technique of playing two notes simultaneously on a stringed instrument such as a violin, a viola, a cello, or a double bass. On instruments such as the Hardanger fiddle it is common and often employed. In performing a double stop, two separate strings are bowed or plucked simultaneously. Although the term itself suggests these strings are to be fingered (stopped), in practice one or both strings may be open.

A triple stop is the same technique applied to three strings; a quadruple stop applies to four strings. Double, triple, and quadruple stopping are collectively known as multiple stopping.

Early extensive examples of the double stop and string chords appear in Carlo Farina's Capriccio Stravagante from 1627, and in certain of the sonatas of Biagio Marini's Op. 8 of 1629.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Shar Ink
Shar Ink, (also known as Shar-Avia and Ball Inc. Ltd.), was a Russian charter cargo airline based in Moscow. In 2009, the company announced that it would be co-operating with a new airline called I-Fly. The airline ceased all operations in 2019.

I-Fly
I-Fly is a Russian charter airline based in Moscow operating mainly out of Vnukovo International Airport. It flies all services on behalf of Russian tour operator TEZ Tour. It is currently banned from flying in the European Union airspace.
Innerdalsvatnet
Innerdalsvatnet is a lake in Tynset Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is a significant part of the Orkla watershed. The 5.88-square-kilometre (2.27 sq mi) lake lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the village of Kvikne. The northwest end of the lake has a large dam on it to control the level of the water for hydropower. The dam is actually located on the municipal and county border. The lake holds about 150,000,000 cubic metres (4.0×1010 US gal) of water which is run through a long tunnel to two nearby power stations.

Yset
Yset or Kvikne is a village in Tynset Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The mountain village is located near the mountain pass that lies between the large Østerdalen valley and Trøndelag county.

The village is located along the Orkla River at the confluence with the Ya River about 31 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the village of Innset and about 33 kilometres (21 mi) northwest of the town of Tynset. Norwegian National Road 3 passes through the village.

The old dam construction for the Eidsfossen Hydroelectric Power Station can be seen from National Road 3 about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) south of Yset.
School-Centred Initial Teacher Training
The School-Centred Initial Teacher Training (SCITT) programme is a teacher-training course in England.

The SCITT enables graduates to undertake their training within a school environment, leading to Qualified Teacher Status. Some SCITT programmes also award a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) qualification.

The programmes cover primary, middle and secondary age ranges and candidates work in a consortium of schools within a designated region.

The entrance requirements and funding availability is the same as for PGCE courses. Applications are also made through UCAS.

Qualified teacher status
Qualified teacher status (QTS) or Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills status (QTLS) is required in England and Wales to work as a teacher of children in state schools under local authority control, and in special education schools. QTS is not required at academies, free schools or independent schools. A similar status exists under a different name in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Masset Formation
The Masset Formation is a volcanic formation on Graham Island of Haida Gwaii in British Columbia, Canada. It consists of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks related to subduction of the pre-existing Farallon Plate. The Masset Formation is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt.

Graham Island
Graham Island (Haida: X̱aaydag̱a Gwaay.yaay linag̱waay) is the largest island in the Haida Gwaii archipelago (previously known as the Queen Charlotte Islands), lying off the mainland coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is separated by the narrow Skidegate Channel from the other principal island of the group to the south, Moresby Island (T'aaxwii X̱aaydag̱a Gwaay.yaay linag̱waay in the language of the Haida people). It has a population of 3,858 (2016 census), an area of 6,361 km2 (2,456 sq mi), and is the 101st largest island in the world and Canada's 22nd largest island.

Graham Island was named in 1853 by James Charles Prevost, commander of HMS Virago, for Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet, who was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time.
2025 Open Nouvelle-Calédonie
The 2025 BNC Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia between 30 December 2024 and 4 January 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
1898 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1898 U.S. Open was the fourth U.S. Open, held June 17–18 at Myopia Hunt Club in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, northeast of Boston. Fred Herd captured his only major title, seven strokes ahead of runner-up Alex Smith.

For the first time, the U.S. Open was expanded to 72 holes, meaning the players had to complete eight loops around Myopia's 9-hole course. Herd trailed leader Willie Anderson by six shots after 36 holes on Friday, but his 75 in the third round on Saturday morning was the low round of the championship and gave him a six-shot advantage after 54 holes. Despite an 84 in the afternoon for 328, Herd prevailed over Alex Smith by seven, with Anderson finishing in third. Only Herd and Smith managed to break 80 in any round of the championship.

Herd's fondness for liquor was well-known; after his win, tournament officials required him to leave a deposit to prevent him from selling the trophy for drinking money. His brother Sandy won The Open Championship in 1902.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
New Zealand property bubble
The property bubble in New Zealand is a major national economic and social issue. Since the early 1990s, house prices in New Zealand have risen considerably faster than incomes, putting increasing pressure on public housing providers as fewer households have access to housing on the private market. The property bubble has produced significant impacts on inequality in New Zealand, which now has one of the highest homelessness rate in the OECD and a record-high waiting list for public housing. Government policies have attempted to address the crisis since 2013, but have produced limited impacts to reduce prices or increase the supply of affordable housing. However, prices started falling in 2022 in response to tightening of mortgage availability and supply increasing. Some areas saw drops as high as around 9% - albeit from very high prices.

Unaffordable housing has produced profound impacts on New Zealand society. Between 1986 and 2013, home ownership dropped from 74% to 65%.

Reserve Bank of New Zealand
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) (Māori: Te Pūtea Matua) is the central bank of New Zealand. It was established in 1934 and is currently constituted under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 2021. The current governor of the Reserve Bank, Anna Breman, is responsible for New Zealand's currency and operating monetary policy.
Tragano
Tragano (Greek, Modern: Τραγανό, Ancient/Katharevousa: -on) is a town and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pineios, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 41.475 km2. Tragano is situated in a flat, rural area, north of the river Pineios. It is 2 km east of Stafidokampos, 4 km east of Andravida, 3 km north of Agia Mavra, 5 km northwest of Avgeio and 8 km northeast of Gastouni. It is 2 km southeast of the Andravida Air Base.

Andravida
Andravida (Greek: Ανδραβίδα, [anðraˈviða]) is a town and a former municipality in Elis, in the northwest of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Andravida-Kyllini, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 40.728 km2. Its population is about 3,700. The town was the capital of the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the late Middle Ages.
USS Gwinnett
USS Gwinnett (AK-185/AG-92/AVS-5) was originally an Alamosa-class cargo ship acquired by the U.S. Navy shortly before the end of World War II and converted into a Gwinnett-class aviation stores issue ship. She was found to be excess-to-needs and was placed into reserve in 1946. Gwinnett was named for Gwinnett County, Georgia.

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Gwinnett County (/ɡwɪˈnɛt/ gwih-NET) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a core county of Metro Atlanta, being located about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020, the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County). Its county seat is Lawrenceville. The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.

Gwinnett County is the most ethnically diverse county in Georgia, with significant populations of Black, Hispanic, and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census, no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population.