hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stoke Mandeville Hospital
Stoke Mandeville Hospital is a large National Health Service (NHS) hospital located on the parish borders of Aylesbury and Stoke Mandeville,  Buckinghamshire, England. It is managed by Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust.

It was established in 1830 as a cholera hospital intentionally on the parish border between the neighbouring village of Stoke Mandeville and the town of Aylesbury to serve the residents of both settlements.

The hospital's National Spinal Injuries Centre is one of the largest specialist spinal units in the world, and the pioneering rehabilitation work carried out there by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, specifically the therapeutic use of competitive sport, led to the development of the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1948, the International Stoke Mandeville Games (now the World Abilitysport Games) in 1952, which in 1960 in Rome in turn became the Paralympic Games.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Sony ILCE-QX1
The Sony ILCE-QX1 is a mobile device mountable, Wi-Fi-controlled, lens-style compact camera manufactured by Sony and was announced on 3 September 2014. Part of the Sony α family, it is one of Sony's "Smart Lens" cameras, alongside the QX10, QX30 and QX100, that are designed to be specifically used with a smartphone. It has a 20.1 megapixel APS-C-size sensor, uses an interchangeable E-mount lens as its highlight feature, supports power zoom but no in-body image stabilization, and has a pop-up flash unlike its other QX siblings.

Sony α
Sony α (the lower case Greek letter alpha, often transliterated as Sony Alpha) is a brand of digital camera. This line has been active since 2006, building upon the Konica Minolta camera technologies, whose assets were acquired by Sony.
History of the San Diego Padres
The following is a franchise history of the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to joining Major League Baseball as one of four expansion teams in 1969, the San Diego Padres were a Minor League franchise in the Pacific Coast League.

C. Arnholt Smith
Conrad Arnholt Smith (known as C. Arnholt Smith) (March 13, 1899 in Walla Walla, Washington – June 8, 1996 in Del Mar, California) was an American banker, businessman, civic booster, political fundraiser and felon with prominent ties to San Diego, California.
Xinghua, Jiangsu
Xinghua (simplified Chinese: 兴化; traditional Chinese: 興化; pinyin: Xīnghuà) is a county-level city under the administration of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China. It is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Yancheng to the north and east and Yangzhou to the west.

Xinghua's name (兴化) is the abbreviation for "兴盛教化" (xīngshèng jiàohuà) which means "prospering (the Confucian) teaching".

Yancheng
Yancheng (simplified Chinese: 盐城; traditional Chinese: 鹽城; pinyin: Yánchéng), formerly known as Yandu, is a prefecture-level city in the eastern coastal Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. As the city with the largest jurisdictional area in Jiangsu, Yancheng borders Lianyungang to the north, Huai'an to the west, Yangzhou and Taizhou to the southwest, Nantong to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the east. Formerly a county, the current Yancheng city was founded on January 18, 1983.

Yancheng, literally "Salt City", is named after the salt harvest fields surrounding the city. According to historical records, collection and production of sea salt in the region began as early as 119 BC, during the Western Han dynasty, when the settlement on the current location of Yancheng was named Yandu County (盐渎县). According to the 2020 census, Yancheng had a registered population of 6,709,629, with 1,733,591 inhabitants in its built up area comprising the districts of Tinghu and Yandu.
Horn-satisfiability
In formal logic, Horn-satisfiability, or HORNSAT, is the problem of deciding whether a given conjunction of propositional Horn clauses is satisfiable or not. Horn-satisfiability and Horn clauses are named after Alfred Horn.

A Horn clause is a clause with at most one positive literal, called the head of the clause, and any number of negative literals, forming the body of the clause. A Horn formula is a propositional formula formed by conjunction of Horn clauses.

Horn satisfiability is actually one of the "hardest" or "most expressive" problems which is known to be computable in polynomial time, in the sense that it is a P-complete problem. The extension of the problem for quantified Horn formulae can be also solved in polynomial time.

The Horn satisfiability problem can also be asked for propositional many-valued logics. The algorithms are not usually linear, but some are polynomial; see Hähnle (2001 or 2003) for a survey.

True quantified Boolean formula
In computational complexity theory, the language TQBF is a formal language consisting of the true quantified Boolean formulas.  A (fully) quantified Boolean formula is a formula in quantified propositional logic (also known as Second-order propositional logic) where every variable is quantified (or bound), using either existential or universal quantifiers, at the beginning of the sentence. Such a formula is equivalent to either true or false (since there are no free variables). If such a formula evaluates to true, then that formula is in the language TQBF. It is also known as QSAT (Quantified SAT).
Mistral Ridge
Mistral Ridge (69°33′S 68°4′W﻿ / ﻿69.550°S 68.067°W﻿ / -69.550; -68.067) is a mostly snow-covered ridge extending 6 nautical miles (11 km) in a north-northwest–south-southeast direction, located 5 nautical miles (9 km) east of Zonda Towers, Rymill Coast, Palmer Land, Antarctica. The ridge was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy in 1966, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey in 1971–72. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1977 after the mistral, the cold northwesterly wind of southern France. This is one of several features in the area named after winds.

Zonda Towers
Zonda Towers are an east–west trending rock ridge, 4 miles (6 km) long, between Zonda Glacier and Eureka Glacier on the Rymill Coast, Palmer Land. The eastern section of the ridge rises to 825 m and is notable for four rock towers. The feature was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1966, and was surveyed by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1971–72. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1977 in association with Zonda Glacier.
RELC Journal
RELC Journal is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of language learning. It was established in 1970 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Regional Language Centre (RELC) of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO). The journal's editors-in-chief are Graeme Cane, Alvin Pang, and Marie Alina Yeo (SEAMEO RELC, Singapore).

Academic Search
Academic Search is a monthly indexing service. It was first published in 1997 by EBSCO Publishing in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Its academic focus is international universities, covering social science, education, psychology, and other subjects. Publishing formats covered are academic journals, magazines, newspapers, and CD-ROM.
Nzadi language
Nzadi is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "from Kwamuntu to Ilebo along the north side of the Kasai River in Bandundu Province." The number of speakers of Nzadi is not known, but is estimated to be in the thousands. The Nzadi language has three dialects, Ngiemba, Lensibun, and Ndzé Ntaa.

Determiner
In natural language, a determiner, also called a determinative (abbreviated DET), is a word or affix that combines with a noun to express its reference. Examples in English include articles (the and a/an), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
Éric Guérit
Éric Guérit (born 21 July 1964) is a French former professional football player and manager. A defensive midfielder by trade, he made more than 300 senior appearances for seven different clubs during a 14-year playing career spent mostly in the top division of French football. He later went into management, firstly as manager of Bordeaux in 1995, and has since held various positions at a number of clubs in France.

Championnat National
The Championnat National (English: French National Championship), commonly referred to as simply National or Division 3, is the third division of the French football league system behind Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. Contested by 18 clubs, the Championnat National operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Ligue 2 and the Championnat National 2, the fourth division of French football.

Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 34 games each, totalling 306 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Saturdays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.
Bishop Lloyd's House
Bishop Lloyd's House (or Bishop Lloyd's Palace) is at 41 Watergate Street, and 51/53 Watergate Row, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner considered it to be "perhaps the best" house in Chester.

The house is built on two stone medieval undercrofts with timber framing above. Its first floor incorporates a section of the Chester Rows. The house is now used as shops and meeting rooms and it includes the headquarters of Chester Civic Trust.

Mullion
A mullion is the vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid support to the glazing of the window. Its secondary purpose is to provide structural support to  the horizontal lintel above the window opening (Horizontal elements separating the head of a door from a window above are called transoms). In the case of multiple arched windows combined building a bifora (or trifora, etc), the equally shaped windows might be coupled by mullions (instead of a column with base and capital), framed by a blind arch or the mullions dissolving in Gothic tracery.
Beyuz-e Yek
Beyuz-e Yek (Persian: بيوض يك, also Romanized as Beyūẕ-e Yek; also known as Beyūẕ and Boyūz) is a village in Esmailiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 454, in 69 families.

Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District
Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسماعیلیه شمالی) is in Esmailiyeh District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khobeyneh-ye Sofla. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Safheh-ye Yek.
Encasillado
The "encasillado" was the system used to assign the seats in the general elections of the Bourbon Restoration period in Spain before they were held. This ensured through electoral fraud that the seats would be as selected by the government and the wide cacique network spread throughout the territory. It was named as such because it was a matter of "fitting" (in Spanish: encajar, encasillar) the candidates of the two "parties of the day" (Conservative and Liberal) in the "grid of casillas" constituted by the more than 300 uninominal districts and the approximately one hundred seats of the 26 plurinominal constituencies. The person in charge of carrying out the "encasillado" was the Minister of the Interior of the incoming government, who thus ensured a comfortable majority in Parliament, since in the political regime of the Restoration the governments changed before the elections, and not after as in the parliamentary regimes (not fraudulent).

Liberal Party (Spain, 1880)
The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal), originally called Liberal Fusionist Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal-Fusionista, PLF) until 1885, was a Spanish political party created in 1880 by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta. With the Conservative Party of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, it formed a two-party system of alternating governments, the turno, which characterised the Spanish Restoration during the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
DEME
Dredging, Environmental and Marine Engineering NV (DEME) is an international group of specialised companies in the fields of capital and maintenance dredging, land reclamation, port infrastructure development, offshore related services for the oil & gas industry, offshore windfarm installation, and environmental remediation. The group
is based in Zwijndrecht, Belgium, and has current operations on five continents.

Breakwater (structure)
A breakwater is a permanent structure constructed at a coastal area to protect against tides, currents, waves, and storm surges.  Breakwaters have been built since antiquity to protect anchorages, helping isolate vessels from marine hazards such as wind-driven waves. A breakwater, also known in some contexts as a jetty or a mole, may be connected to land or freestanding, and may contain a walkway or road for vehicle access.

Part of a coastal management system, breakwaters are installed parallel to the shore to minimize erosion. On beaches where longshore drift threatens the erosion of beach material, smaller structures on the beach  may be installed, usually perpendicular to the water's edge. Their action on waves and current is intended to slow the longshore drift and discourage mobilisation of beach material. In this usage they are more usually referred to as groynes.
Sindal railway station
Sindal railway station is a railway station serving the railway town of Sindal in Vendsyssel, Denmark.

The station is located on the Vendsyssel railway line from Aalborg to Frederikshavn, between Hjørring and Tolne stations. It opened in 1871. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner which runs frequent regional train services from the station to Aalborg and Frederikshavn.

Rail transport in Denmark
The rail transport system in Denmark consists of 2,633 km (1,636 mi) of railway lines, of which the Copenhagen S-train network, the main line Helsingør-Copenhagen-Padborg (at the German border), and the Lunderskov-Esbjerg line are electrified. Most traffic is passenger trains, although there is considerable transit goods traffic between Sweden and Germany.

Maintenance work on most Danish railway lines is done by Banedanmark, a state-owned company that also allocates tracks for train operators. The majority of passenger trains are operated by DSB, with Arriva and Nordjyske Jernbaner and Midtjyske Jernbaner operating on some lines in Jutland. Goods transport is mainly performed by DB Schenker Rail, although other operators take care of a significant portion of the non-transit traffic.

Denmark is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Denmark is 86.
1955 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 1955 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the fourth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Bucharest, Romania from 15 to 24 June 1955.

Women's European Volleyball Championship
The Women's European Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Turkey, which won its first title at the 2023 tournament.
Ohio, New York
Ohio is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 962 as of the 2020 census. The town is named after the state of Ohio. The town is in the northern part of the county and northeast of Utica. Part of Ohio is within the Adirondack Park.

Bisby Lakes
The Bisby Lakes are a collection of lakes southwest of Bisby Lodge in Herkimer County, New York. The lakes have a marshy area around them, with a few residences and piers. Boating and fishing are legal on all lakes. The lakes are a part of Black River Wild Forest. The lakes are not stocked with fish, but brook trout, lake trout, splake, white sucker, bullhead, and yellow perch are native to the lakes.
Rimphaces
The Rimphaces were a tribe of Iranian Nomads who likely spoke a Sarmatian language of the Scythian family.  They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as living north of the Amazons and Hyperboreans, with the Cimmeri,  Acae, Georgili, Moschi, Cercetae, Cissianti, and Phoristae.

Achaei
The Achaei were an ancient people of Scythia, mentioned by Strabo (11.2, together with the Zygoi, Heniochi, and Cercetae and  Macropogones) and by Pliny (4.26.2). Pliny mentions a Portus Achaeorum at the mouths of the Danube.
The name has been interpreted to mean "river dwellers", from an Indo-European word for "water" (Latin aqua, Old High German aha; Wissowa, Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie s. v. Achaei)
Sachkhere Municipality
Sachkhere (Georgian: საჩხერის მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: sachkheris munitsip'alit'et'i) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Imereti. Its main town is Sachkhere. From the north, the municipality of Sachkhere is boarded by Oni and Ambrolauri Municipality, from the  east – java and Kareli, from south – Khashuri and  Kharagauli and from the west by Chiatura Municipality.

Chiatura Municipality
Chiatura (Georgian: ჭიათურის მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: ch'iaturis munitsip'alit'et'i) is a district of Georgia, in the region of Imereti. Its main town is Chiatura.

Population: 39,884 (2014 census)

Area: 542 km2
Electoral district of Darlinghurst
Darlinghurst was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Named after and including Darlinghurst, it was created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of parts of Paddington and the abolished seats of Sydney-Fitzroy and Sydney-Bligh. It was abolished in 1920 with the introduction of proportional representation and was absorbed into the multi-member electorate of Sydney. It was briefly recreated in 1950 before being abolished in 1953.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
James Barralet
James Barralet is a British cellist. Barralet started playing the cello at the age of five. He has performed extensively throughout the UK and Europeas a concerto soloist with many orchestras and as a recitalist at numerous festivals including the Newbury Spring Festival, the Ryedale Festival, Warwick International Festival, Stratford-Upon-Avon Chamber Music Series, Brighton Festival and the Northern Aldborough Festival. He is also known for his collaboration with Indian music artists, and as a chamber musician. He is the cellist of the Leondari Ensemble and the Werther Ensemble and a guest principal cellist with many UK orchestras. Barralet also composes and arranges music, mainly for cello ensembles.  Barralet is also the founder and artistic director of the Whittington International Chamber Music Festival.

Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály (UK: /ˈkoʊdaɪ/, US: /koʊˈdaɪ/; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, music pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály method of music education.
Lerwick Lifeboat Station
Lerwick Lifeboat Station is located in Lerwick, the main town and port of the Shetland archipelago, which sits 123 miles (198 km) off the north coast of the mainland of Scotland.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Lerwick in 1930, by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

The station currently operates  17-10 Michael and Jane Vernon (ON 1221), a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, on station since 1997, and only the fourth lifeboat to have served at Lerwick.

Barnett-class lifeboat
The Barnett-class lifeboat consists of three types of non self-righting displacement hull lifeboats, operated by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) from its stations around the coasts of the United Kingdom and Ireland, between 1923 and 1988.
Aronszajn line
In mathematical set theory, an Aronszajn line (named after Nachman Aronszajn) is a linear ordering of cardinality 
which contains no subset order-isomorphic to

with the usual ordering

the reverse of

an uncountable subset of the Real numbers with the usual ordering.

Unlike Suslin lines, the existence of Aronszajn lines is provable using the standard axioms of set theory. A linear ordering is an Aronszajn line if and only if it is the lexicographical ordering of some Aronszajn tree.

Order isomorphism
In the mathematical field of order theory, an order isomorphism is a special kind of monotone function that constitutes a suitable notion of isomorphism for partially ordered sets (posets). Whenever two posets are order isomorphic, they can be considered to be "essentially the same" in the sense that either of the orders can be obtained from the other just by renaming of elements. Two strictly weaker notions that relate to order isomorphisms are order embeddings and Galois connections.

The idea of isomorphism can be understood for finite orders in terms of Hasse diagrams. Two finite orders are isomorphic exactly when a single Hasse diagram (up to relabeling of its elements) expresses them both, in other words when every Hasse diagram of either can be converted to a Hasse diagram of the other by simply relabeling the vertices.
White-bellied storm petrel
The white-bellied storm petrel (Fregetta grallaria) is a species of seabird in the family Oceanitidae. It is found in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, French Polynesia, French Southern Territories, Maldives, Namibia, New Zealand, Perú, Saint Helena, and South Africa. Its natural habitat is open seas.

Louis Pierre Vieillot
Louis Pierre Vieillot (French pronunciation: [lwi pjɛʁ vjɛjo]; 10 May 1748 in Yvetot – 24 August 1830 in Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist.

Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collected himself in the West Indies, as well as North American and South American species discovered but not formally named by Félix de Azara and his translator Sonnini de Manoncourt. He was among the first ornithologists to study changes in plumage and one of the first to study live birds. At least 88 of the genera erected by Vieillot are still in use.