hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Bancroft (DD-256)
The second USS Bancroft (DD-256) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy, which briefly served in 1919. Placed in reserve, the ship lay idle before being reactivated for World War II. She was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1940, where she served as HMCS St. Francis (I93) in the Battle of the Atlantic escorting convoys. The ship was declared surplus in April 1945, sold for scrap and sank on the way to the breakers after a collision in July.

Clemson-class destroyer
The Clemson class was a series of 156 destroyers (six more were cancelled and never begun) built at the end of World War I, the majority of which served with the United States Navy from after World War I and through World War II.

The Clemson-class ships were commissioned by the United States Navy from 1919 to 1922, built by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, New York Shipbuilding Corporation, William Cramp & Sons, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Bath Iron Works, some quite rapidly. The Clemson class was a minor redesign of the Wickes class for greater fuel capacity and was the last pre-World War II class of flush-deck destroyers to be built for the United States. Until the Fletcher-class destroyer, the Clemsons were the most numerous class of destroyers commissioned in the United States Navy and were known colloquially as "flush-deckers", "four-stackers" or "four-pipers".
Joshua Fishman
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.

Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology
The Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology is a division of Yeshiva University. Along with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, it is located at the Louis E. and Doris Rousso Community Health Center on Yeshiva University’s Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus in the Bronx, New York.

As of 2023, the dean of Ferkauf is Leslie Helpern.
Aliquat 336
Aliquat 336 (Starks' catalyst) is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a phase transfer catalyst and metal extraction reagent. It contains a mixture of C8 (octyl) and C10 (decyl) chains with C8 predominating.  It is an ionic liquid.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
Athenocles of Cyzicus
Athenocles (Ancient Greek: Ἀθηνοκλῆς) of Cyzicus was a grammarian and writer of ancient Greece who wrote commentaries on the poet Homer. He lived some time around the 3rd or 2nd centuries BCE.

According to the grammarian Athenaeus, he understood the Homeric poems better than Aristarchus of Samothrace, who was the most renowned Homer scholar of the ancient world. Other writers were less enthusiastic about his scholarship. The ancient grammarian Ammonius of Alexandria, who was notably a teacher at a school founded by Aristarchus, wrote an entire treatise Against Athenocles of Cyzicus.

There is another obscure writer with this name who wrote upon the early history of the Assyrians and Medes, who may be the same person.

Still another Athenocles of Cyzicus is cited by Porphyry and Eustathius of Thessalonica, as writing on allegory and botany, respectively. Whether these are the same as the above is also unclear.

Eustathius of Thessalonica
Eustathius of Thessalonica (or Eustathios of Thessalonike; Greek: Εὐστάθιος Θεσσαλονίκης; c. 1115 – c. 1195/6) was a Byzantine Greek scholar and Archbishop of Thessalonica and is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is most noted for his stand against the sack of Thessalonica by the Normans in 1185, contemporary account of the event, for his orations and for his commentaries on Homer, which incorporate many remarks by much earlier researchers.

He was officially canonized on June 10, 1988, and his feast day is on September 20.
Without Remorse
Without Remorse is a thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and published on August 11, 1993. Set during the Vietnam War, it serves as an origin story of  John Clark, one of the recurring characters in the Ryanverse. Without Remorse introduces Clark as former Navy SEAL John Kelly and explains how he changed his name. G.P. Putnam's Sons paid $14 million for the North American rights, a record for a single book. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.

G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. The publisher was founded in 1838 and features books by authors such as Renée Ahdieh, C. J. Box, Edgar Allan Poe, and many others. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.
I. B. Sathish
I. B. Sathish is the member of 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly. He represents Kattakkada constituency and belongs to Communist Party of India (Marxist). He won by defeating N. Sakthan, speaker of the 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly by a margin of 849 votes

N. Sakthan
N. Sakthan (born 5 May 1951) is an Indian politician who was Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 2015 to 2016. He was also the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, from 2011 to 2016.
Tom Whyman
Tom Whyman is an academic philosopher and writer. Whyman is a freelance writer and teaches philosophy part-time at the University of Durham. He has undertaken studies in the following fields: Frankfurt School critical theory, German idealism, Kierkegaard, and contemporary ethical naturalism.

Whyman was born in Frimley, Surrey, and currently lives in Gateshead.

He published 'Infinitely Full of Hope: Fatherhood and the Future in an Age of Crisis and Disaster', which discusses the philosophy of hope and despair, in relation to parenthood and the upcoming birth of his child.

German idealism
German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment. The period of German idealism after Kant is also known as post-Kantian idealism or simply post-Kantianism. One scheme divides German idealists into transcendental idealists, associated with Kant and Fichte, and absolute idealists, associated with Schelling and Hegel.
Macho Ritti
Macho Ritti (possibly from Quechua machu old, old person, rit'i snow, "old snow (mountain)") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, on the border of the districts Corani and Ollachea. Macho Ritti lies north-west of the lakes Mancacocha and Jomercocha and north of the mountain Ananta.

Cordillera Vilcanota
The Cordillera Vilcanota (Spanish cordillera: "mountain range", Aymara: willkan uta "house of the sun") is a mountain range located in Peru southeast of Cusco, on the boundary between the regions of Cusco and Puno. It extends between 13°39' and 14°29'S and 70°31' and 71°20'W for about 80 km. It includes 469 glaciers.

To the east the rivers San Gabán and Azángaro are the natural boundary which separates it from the Carabaya range. The La Raya range near the La Raya pass is sometimes included or listed separately.
1979 Madrid municipal election
A municipal election was held in Madrid on Tuesday, 3 April 1979, to elect the 1st City Council of the municipality. All 59 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with local elections all across Spain.

The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) emerged as the most voted party, but in a seat tie with the second force, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), at 25 seats. As neither had an absolute majority of seats, it was up to the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 9 seats to decide which party was to govern in Madrid.

Finally, an agreement between the PSOE and PCE resulted in Enrique Tierno Galván being named as the first democratically elected Mayor of Madrid.

1979 Spanish local elections
The 1979 Spanish local elections were held on Tuesday, 3 April 1979, to elect all 67,505 councillors in the 7,870 municipalities of Spain and all 1,152 seats in 43 provincial deputations. They were held concurrently with local elections in the four foral deputations of the Basque Country and Navarre and the ten island councils in the Balearic and Canary Islands.

While the national ruling Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) emerged as the largest party overall, an alliance between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) saw  municipal control over the main urban areas switching to left-wing parties.
Der Half-Machine 10"
Der Half-Machine is a two track EP by electronic artist The Juan MacLean, formerly of Six Finger Satellite. It was released on DFA Records in March 2005. It was meant as a preview of the upcoming full-length album Less Than Human. Neither of these tracks were released on the Less Than Human album but are both available on the DFA Compilation, Vol. 2.

DFA Compilation, Vol. 2
DFA Compilation, Vol. 2 is a three disc box set released by the dance-punk label DFA Records. It contains tracks and remixes of various artists signed to DFA Records as well as other artists with a close affinity to the label. The first two discs are a collection of recording previously only available on 12-inch vinyl. The third disc is a mix CD of tracks featured on the compilation, and some others, mixed by Tim Goldsworthy and Tim Sweeny.  The compilation was released on November 2, 2004.

In 2022 the compilation was issued on vinyl for the first time as a 4 LP boxset.
Sikandar Pura
Sikandar Pura is a village located on the Chunian-Khudian road, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Khudian and 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Chunian, in Kasur District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a highly populated area.  Its union council is Khai Hithar.

Khudian
Khudian Khas (Urdu: کھڈیاں خاص), is a large town and Municipal Committee of Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Khudian is part of Kasur Tehsil and is at an altitude of 177 meters (583 feet) above sea level. The Sutlej River, which flows on the India-Pakistan border, is 20 kilometers from Khudian. It is 33 kilometers from India-Pakistan border of Ganda Singh Wala.
Neptune (Marvel Comics)
Neptune, also called Poseidon, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is based on the Roman God with the same name and his Greek counterpart. Neptune is the god of the sea in the Olympian pantheon, as well as patron god over Atlantis. Neptune first appeared in Tales to Astonish #70 and was adapted by Stan Lee and Gene Colan.

Neptune (mythology)
Neptune (Latin: Neptūnus [nɛpˈtuːnʊs]) is the god of freshwater and the sea in the Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-inspired tradition, he is a brother of Jupiter and Pluto, with whom he presides over the realms of heaven, the earthly world (including the underworld), and the seas. Salacia is his wife.

Depictions of Neptune in Roman mosaics, especially those in North Africa, were influenced by Hellenistic conventions. He was likely associated with freshwater springs before the sea; his festival, Neptunalia, took place on July 23, during the peak of summer when water was scarcest. Like Poseidon, he was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, Neptunus equestris, who was also a patron of horse-racing.
Secret Society (Persia)
The Secret Society (Persian: انجمن مخفی, romanized: Anjoman-e Maxfi) was a politically active secret society in Persia, founded in 1904. It played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution.
Contrary to allied organizations such as the Revolutionary Committee, the Society of Humanity, the Social Democratic Party, and the Secret Center which were organized by the modern intelligentsia, it drew its members predominantly from the traditional middle class.

Secret Center
Secret Center (Persian: مرکز غیبی, romanized: Markaz-e ḡāybī) was a revolutionary organization established in October 1906. Based in Tabriz, it played an important role in the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It had close ties to the Social Democratic Party.
Bolshaya Nakhalovka
Bolshaya Nakhalovka (Russian: Большая Нахаловка) is a historical place in Zheleznodorozhny and Zayeltsovsky districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is arose as a result of illegal settlement at the end of the 19th century.

Nakhalovka bounded roughly by Ob River on the west, 1st Yeltsovka River on the north and Vladimirovskaya Street on the east.

Zayeltsovsky District, Novosibirsk
Zayeltsovsky District (Russian: Заельцовский район) is an administrative district (raion) of Central Okrug, one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 83 km2 (32 sq mi). Population: 149, 100 (2017).
Gmina Tarłów
Gmina Tarłów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarłów, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Opatów and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 163.77 square kilometres (63.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,753.

Opatów County
Opatów County (Polish: powiat opatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opatów, which lies 58 kilometres (36 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Ożarów, lying 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Opatów.

The county covers an area of 911.51 square kilometres (351.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 53,942, out of which the population of Opatów is 6,466, that of Ożarów is 4,569, and the rural population is 42,907.
Edson Madeira
Edson Marcelo da Silva Madeira (born 18 May 1985) is a Mozambican judoka, who competed in the half-lightweight division (66 kg). He achieved numerous fifth and seventh-place finishes at the African Championships within a span of five years. Madeira made his official debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and qualified for the men's 66-kg division. He was eliminated in the first round, after being defeated by Dex Elmont of the Netherlands, who automatically scored an ippon.

Dex Elmont
Daxenos Richard René "Dex" Elmont (born 10 January 1984 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch retired judoka.

His father Ricardo is a former judoka himself, who represented Suriname at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His older brother Guillaume is also competing on the highest level in judo.
Margery Perham
Dame Margery Freda Perham DCMG CBE FBA (6 September 1895 – 19 February 1982) was a British historian of, and writer on, African affairs. She was known especially for the intellectual force of her arguments in favour of British decolonisation in the 1950s and 1960s.

St Hugh's College, Oxford
St Hugh's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It is located on a 14.5-acre (5.9-hectare) site on St Margaret's Road, to the north of the city centre. It was founded in 1886 by Elizabeth Wordsworth as a women's college, and accepted its first male students in its centenary year in 1986. Prominent alumni include Theresa May, Aung San Suu Kyi, Amal Clooney and Heather Hallett, Baroness Hallett. It enjoys a reputation as one of the most attractive colleges because of its extensive gardens.

In its 125th anniversary year, the college became a registered charity under the name "The Principal and Fellows of St Hugh's College in the University of Oxford". As of July 2023, the college's financial endowment was £39.2 million. The college's Visitor is U.K. Supreme Court Justice Ingrid Simler, Lady Simler. In September 2025, former CEO of the Royal Society of Medicine Michele Acton became the college's Principal, succeeding Lady Elish Angiolini.
Martyn Poliakoff
Sir Martyn Poliakoff (born 16 December 1947) is a British chemist known for his work on green chemistry and for being the main presenter on the popular YouTube channel Periodic Videos. The core subjects of his academic work are supercritical fluids, infrared spectroscopy and lasers. He is a research professor in chemistry at the University of Nottingham. As well as carrying out research at the University of Nottingham, he is a lecturer, teaching a number of modules including green chemistry.

Green chemistry
Green chemistry, similar to sustainable chemistry or circular chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the design of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. While environmental chemistry focuses on the effects of polluting chemicals on nature, green chemistry focuses on the environmental impact of chemistry, including lowering consumption of nonrenewable resources and technological approaches for preventing pollution.

The overarching goals of green chemistry—namely, more resource-efficient and inherently safer design of molecules, materials, products, and processes—can be pursued in a wide range of contexts.
Alban Hoxha
Alban Bekim Hoxha (Albanian pronunciation: [alˈban ˈhɔdʒa]; born 23 November 1987) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Albanian club Partizani and the Albania national team.

2009–10 Kategoria Superiore
The 2009–10 Kategoria Superiore was the 74th season of top-tier football in Albania and the twelfth season under the name Kategoria superiore. The season began on 23 August 2009 and ended on 19 May 2010. Tirana was the defending champions.
Pak Tea House
Pak Tea House (Urdu: پاک ٹی ہاؤس) is a tea house and cafe in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan that is known for its association with academics, writers, poets and intelligentsia.

Traditionally frequented by country's notably artistic, cultural and literary personalities, it was founded by a Sikh family in 1940 and quickly acquired its current name after it was leased to one of the locals in Lahore after the partition of India in 1947. It was closed in 1999 due to lack of business, but through intervention of Lahore High Court had led to the re-opening of the Tea House in 2013. Noted for being the birthplace of influential literary movement, the Progressive Writers' Association, the place is described as a hub of Lahore's intellectual life for many years.

Lahore High Court
The Lahore High Court (LHC) is the highest court in the judiciary of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It has supreme appellate jurisdiction over all provincial cases in Punjab. Established as a high court on 21 March 1882, the High Court is based in Lahore, which is its principal seat; alongside its secondary benches based in Rawalpindi, Multan, and Bahawalpur.

A proposal was sent by lawyers to set up new high court benches in Faisalabad, Sialkot, D.G.Khan and Gujranwala divisions but full court of Lahore High Court turned down this request.
Heterotrissocladius
Heterotrissocladius is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). Larvae of species in this genus have been found at the bottom of Crater Lake. Eggs are laid on the surface of the water, before sinking to the bottom. There, the larvae feed on the sediment, before swimming to the surface, pupating, and emerging as adults.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Ashby Gap
Ashby Gap, more commonly known as Ashby's Gap is a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains on the border of Clarke County, Loudoun County and Fauquier County in Virginia. The gap is traversed by U.S. Route 50.  The Appalachian Trail also passes across the gap.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Salvadori's seedeater
Salvadori's seedeater or Salvadori's serin (Crithagra xantholaema) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is found only in Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Salvadori's seedeater was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including Salvadori's seedeater were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra.

Crithagra
Crithagra is a genus of small passerine birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). They live in Africa and Arabia.

The species in this genus were formerly assigned to the genus Serinus, but phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. It was therefore split into two monophyletic genera. Eight species, including the European serin (Serinus serinus), were retained in Serinus, while the other species were assigned to the resurrected genus Crithagra.
Russell W. Meyer Jr.
Russell W. Meyer Jr. (born July 19, 1932 in Davenport, Iowa, United States) is the chairman emeritus and former chief executive officer (CEO) of the Cessna Aircraft Company. He was awarded the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy, the Collier Trophy on two separate occasions (once jointly with Cessna), and the Meritorious Service Award from the National Business Aircraft Association (NBAA). In 2009, he became inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.

National Aviation Hall of Fame
The National Aviation Hall of Fame (NAHF) is a museum, annual awards ceremony and learning and research center that was founded in 1962 as an Ohio non-profit corporation in Dayton, Ohio, United States, known as the "Birthplace of Aviation" with its connection to the Wright brothers. In 2017, the annual induction was held in Fort Worth, Texas, as the organization began rotating the ceremony among various cities.