hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
APC/C activator protein CDH1
Cdh1 (cdc20 homolog 1) is one of the substrate adaptor proteins of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functioning as an activator of the APC/C, Cdh1 regulates the activity and substrate specificity of this ubiquitin E3-ligase. The human homolog is encoded by the FZR1 gene, which is not to be confused with the CDH1 gene.

Signal transducing adaptor protein
Signal transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves, instead mediating specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MYD88, Grb2 and SHC1.
United States federal government credit-rating downgrades
Several credit rating agencies around the world have downgraded their credit ratings of the U.S. federal government, including Standard & Poor's (S&P) which reduced the country's rating from AAA (outstanding) to AA+ (excellent) on August 5, 2011.

Debt limit
A debt limit or debt ceiling is a legislative mechanism restricting the total amount that a country can borrow or how much debt it can be permitted to take on. Several countries have debt limitation restrictions.
Joxel García
Joxel García is a Puerto Rican physician and a former four-star admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. He served as the fourteenth Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services from March 13, 2008, to January 20, 2009. He served as the Director of Health in the District of Columbia. He served as the Executive Director of the MD Anderson Cancer Control and Prevention Platform and Member of the Leadership Team of the MD Anderson Moon Shots program until May 2017 before joining American Express as Vice President and Chief Medical Officer.

Assistant Secretary for Health
The assistant secretary for health (ASH) is a senior U.S. government official within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) who serves as the primary advisor to the secretary of health and human services on matters involving the nation's public health, and provides strategic and policy direction to the Public Health Service agencies and Commissioned Corps.

The position is a statutory Senate-confirmed presidential appointment (42 U.S.C. § 202), who may be a civilian, or a uniformed four-star admiral of the PHS Commissioned Corps and is nominated for appointment by the president. The president may also nominate a civilian appointee to also be appointed a direct commission in the commissioned corps if the nominee so chooses. The assistant secretary's office and its staff make up the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH).

The 18th and current assistant secretary for health is Admiral Brian Christine.
Simon Thompson (businessman)
Simon Thompson (born 16 June 1959) is a British investment banker and business executive. He is the current chairman of the Met Office and was the former chairman of Tarmac Group, Tullow Oil, 3i and Rio Tinto.

Rothschild & Co
Rothschild & Co SCA is a multinational private and alternative assets investor, headquartered in Paris, France, and London, England. It is the flagship of the Rothschild banking group controlled by the French and British branches of the Rothschild family.

The banking business of the firm covers the areas of investment banking, restructuring, corporate banking, private equity, asset management, and private banking. It is also known to serve as the advisor and lender to governments and major corporations. In addition, the firm has its own investment account in private equity.

Rothschild's financial advisory division is known to serve British nobility as well as the British royal family. Past chairman Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild was the personal financial advisor of Queen Elizabeth II, and she knighted him in 1989 for his services to banking and finance.
Geophilus bobolianus
Geophilus bobolianus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found in France and Italy. This species has 45 to 51 pairs of legs. It was originally classified as a subspecies of G. longicornis (now G. flavus) identified by its lack of anterior sternal pores.

Geophilus flavus
Geophilus flavus is a terrestrial, soil-dwelling, species of centipede in the Geophilidae family. G. flavus occurs in a range of habitats across central Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and other tropical regions. Geophilomorph centipedes, like centipedes generally, are primary predators, hunting predominantly in underground soil burrows or above ground leaf litter. Their consumption behaviours are influenced by environment and seasonal factors. Given their lack of economic value and marginal medical significance, G.flavus remains largely understudied in mainstream research. Some recent studies have detailed the evolutionary development of G.flavus and Geophilidae generally, illustrating developed predatory features like forcipule venom glands.
2011 Hockey East men's ice hockey tournament
The 2011 Hockey East Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 27th tournament in the history of the conference. It was played between March 11 and March 19, 2011 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. The Boston College Eagles won their tenth Hockey East Tournament and earned the Hockey East's automatic bid into the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Hockey East men's ice hockey tournament
The Hockey East Men's Tournament is the conference tournament for the men's division of the Hockey East, an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that has operated since 1984. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament and the Lamoriello Trophy.
March to Reims
After the French lifted the siege of Orléans and won a decisive victory at the Battle of Patay, the English and Burgundians no longer posed a threat. Joan of Arc convinced the Dauphin Charles to go to Reims for his coronation. Successfully marching their army though the heart of territory held by the hostile Burgundians solidified the Dauphin’s regrasp of the throne of France. He had been disinherited from it through the Treaty of Troyes.

Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑlɔ̃ ɑ̃ ʃɑ̃paɲ]) is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.

Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1995. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Saône.
Liming (leather processing)
Liming is a process used for parchment or leather processing, in which hides are soaked in an alkali solution. It is performed using a drum and paddle or a pit. Its objectives are:

Removal of interfibrillary proteins.

Removal of keratin proteins.

Collagen swelling due to the alkaline pH.

Collagen fibre bundle splitting.

Removal of natural grease and fats

Liming operations of cattle hides usually last 18 hours and are generally associated with the alkaline phase of beamhouse operations.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
NGC 431
NGC 431 is a lenticular galaxy of type SB0 located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on November 22, 1827 by John Herschel. It was described by Dreyer as "faint, small, very suddenly brighter middle."

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Andrius Kubilius
Andrius Kubilius (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ˈɐnʲdʲrʲʊs kʊˈbɪlʲʊs]; born 8 December 1956) is a Lithuanian politician who is currently serving as the European Commissioner for Defence and Space in the Second von der Leyen Commission. He previously served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2024 and as Prime Minister of Lithuania from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. He was the leader of the conservative political party Homeland Union from 2003 to 2015, of which he continues to be a member.

Prime Minister of Lithuania
The prime minister of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Ministras Pirmininkas, lit. 'Minister-Chairman', colloquially also referred to as the premier Lithuanian: premjeras) is the head of government of Lithuania. The prime minister is appointed by the president with the assent of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of prime minister was established in 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25 November 1992.

Historically, the title of prime minister was also used between 1918 and 1940. This was during the original Republic of Lithuania, which lasted from the collapse of the Russian Empire until the country's annexation by the Soviet Union.
Notre Dame College, Shepparton
Notre Dame College is a dual-campus independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school located in Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The college is situated on two campuses: Knight Street Campus, that houses students in Year 7, 8, and 10–12; and the Emmaus Campus, on Grace Road, North Shepparton, that houses students in Year 9 and also the McAuley Champagnat Programme for students who struggle to learn in a normal classroom environment. The college is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sandhurst.

Diocese of Sandhurst
The Diocese of Sandhurst is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Australia. It is a  suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Melbourne. The Diocese of Sandhurst was erected in 1874 and covers the central and north-east regions of Victoria, including Bendigo.

Sacred Heart Cathedral in Bendigo is the seat of the Bishop of Sandhurst. On 3 February 2012, the Vatican announced the appointment of Les Tomlinson as the seventh Bishop of Sandhurst. He was installed in a liturgical ceremony on 1 March 2012.

On 23 July 2019, Fr Shane Mackinlay was announced as the next Bishop of Sandhurst.  Bishop Mackinlay was translated by papal bull of Pope Leo XIV and installed as the seventh Archbishop of Brisbane at the Cathedral of St Stephen, Brisbane, on 11 September 2025.  The see of Sandhurst is currently vacant.
Cowboy and the Prizefighter
Cowboy and the Prizefighter is a 1949 American Western Cinecolor film directed by Lewis D. Collins and written by Jerry Thomas. It is based on the comic strip Red Ryder by Fred Harman and Stephen Slesinger. The film stars Jim Bannon, Don Reynolds, Emmett Lynn, Marin Sais, Don Haggerty and Karen Randle. The film was released on December 15, 1949, by Eagle-Lion Films.

Eagle-Lion Films
Eagle-Lion Films was the name of two distinct, though related, companies. In 1944, UK film magnate J. Arthur Rank created an American distribution company with the name to handle his British films. The following year, under a reciprocal distribution arrangement with Rank, the U.S. company Pathé Industries, which already owned the small Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC) studio, established an Eagle-Lion Films production subsidiary, while Rank's American business dropped the name. PRC, with its existing distribution exchanges, handled releases in the U.S. When PRC shut down in 1948, its distribution exchanges were assumed by Eagle-Lion Films. In 1950, Pathé merged Eagle-Lion with an independent reissues distributor, Film Classics, to create Eagle-Lion Classics. The latter was acquired by and merged into United Artists a year later. Rank also released films in the United Kingdom through Eagle-Lion Distributors Limited.
John Baird (RAF officer)
Air Marshal Sir John Alexander Baird, KBE, CStJ, DL, FRAeS, FRCPE (25 July 1937 – 12 November 2020) was a British physician and a retired Royal Air Force medical officer who served as Surgeon-General of the British Armed Forces from 1997 to 2000.

Baird was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1999 Birthday Honours.  He was appointed Commander of the Order of St John (CStJ) in 1997

Honour Ribbons:

: Order of the British Empire (KBE)

: Venerable Order of St John. (CStJ)

Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)
The title Surgeon-General has been used for different purposes at different times in the United Kingdom. Initially it was the designation of a director of the Army's medical services. Subsequently it was a senior rank in the Army Medical Department (and, briefly, in the Royal Navy). Having lapsed after the First World War, the title was again revived in the late 20th century for the most senior uniformed medical officer in the British Armed Forces. Currently, it pertains to a senior uniformed medical officer, working under the Director General Defence Medical Services.
Lateral root of median nerve
The lateral root of median nerve is a source of the median nerve, originating off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. It is typically one of two nerve roots forming the median nerve, the other being the medial root, although anatomical variations in which the median nerve instead has three or four nerve roots have been described in medical literature.

Lateral cord
The lateral cord is the part of the brachial plexus formed by the anterior divisions of the upper (C5-C6) and middle trunks (C7). Its name comes from it being lateral to the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla. The other cords of the brachial plexus are the posterior cord and medial cord.

The lateral cord gives rise to the following nerves from proximal to distal:

lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7)

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

lateral head of median nerve (C5-C7) [other part of median nerve comes from medial cord]
Alexander Hleb
Aliaksandr Paulavich Hleb (Belarusian: Аляксандр Паўлавіч Глеб, Belarusian: [alʲakˈsand(a)r ˈɣlʲɛp]; Russian: Александр Павлович Глеб; born 1 May 1981), commonly referred to in English as Alexander Hleb, is a Belarusian former professional footballer.

Hleb's natural and preferred position is attacking midfielder or "in the hole" behind the strikers, but he was often deployed on the wing. He is known for his passing, agility and dribbling ability. A full international for Belarus since 2001, he won 80 caps for his country.

2012 Belarusian Premier League
The 2012 Belarusian Premier League was the 22nd season of top-tier football in Belarus. It began on 24 March 2012 and ended on 25 November 2012. BATE Borisov were the defending champions, having won their 8th league title last year.
Pararguda nasuta
Pararguda nasuta, the wattle snout moth, is a species of moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in the south-east quarter of Australia.

The wingspan is about 50 mm.

The larvae feed on Exocarpus cupressiformis, Pinus radiata and Acacia species.

Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occur worldwide, and probably not all have been named or studied. It is the sole family in superfamily Lasiocampoidea.
2004 Vuelta a Murcia
The 2004 Vuelta a Murcia was the 20th professional edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 3 March to 7 March 2004. The race started and finished in Murcia. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde.

Vuelta a Murcia
The Vuelta Ciclista a Murcia  (English: Tour of Murcia) is a road bicycle race held in and around Murcia, Spain. The first four editions were reserved to amateurs. Originally the race was held in early March and consisted of five stages. However, due to Spain's financial turmoil, the race was scaled back to three stages in 2011 and two stages in 2012. From 2013 to 2018 the Vuelta a Murcia was organised as a single-day race and shifted to mid-February on the international calendar. In 2019 the race was expanded to two stages. It is part of the UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1 event. However, due to the postponement of the 2021 edition to May, the race was reverted to its one-day nature, with the expectation that the race will continue as a two-day event in future editions.
Vekuii Rukoro
Vekuii Reinhard Rukoro (11 November 1954 – 18 June 2021) was a Namibian politician and paramount chief of the Herero people. He was also Attorney General of Namibia from 1995 to 2000 and a member of the National Assembly from 1989 to 2000.

Attorney General of Namibia
The attorney general of Namibia is the chief legal adviser to the president and government of Namibia. They are responsible for upholding and promoting the Namibian constitution. Unlike many other attorneys general, the Namibian attorney general holds no prosecutorial power, which is instead the responsibility of the prosecutor general.
Khandoker Wasim Iqbal
Khandoker Wasim Iqbal (Bengali: খন্দকার ওয়াসিম ইকবাল; born 21 November 1961) is a retired Bangladeshi football player and coach. He mainly played as a right winger, and was one of the most recognised players during the early years of Bangladeshi football. He was a prominent member of the Bangladesh national team from 1982 to 1990.

Calcutta Football League
The Calcutta Football League (CFL) is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of West Bengal, organised by the Indian Football Association (WB) as part of the state leagues. It is the oldest football league in Asia.

The CFL is divided into CFL Premier Division, CFL 1st Division, CFL 2nd  Division, CFL 3rd Division, CFL 4th Division, CFL 5th  Division A, and CFL 5th Division B with promotion and relegation between them. CFL has more than 160 mostly Kolkata-based clubs and units. Started in 1898, this league is the oldest football league in Asia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world. CFL currently consists of a seven-tier pyramid system, with more than 8,500 directly registered players of IFA participating in CFL every year, making it one of the biggest leagues in the country.
Se Korea Sinmun
The Se Korea Sinmun (Korean: 『새고려신문』; lit. New Goryeo Newspaper; Russian: Газета Сэ корё синмун or Новая корейская газета) is a weekly Korean- and Russian-language newspaper published for Sakhalin Koreans from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It was first published on June 1, 1949 as the Korean Worker (『조선로동자』), and later as On the Path of Lenin (『레닌의 길로』). It received its current name in 1991.

The newspaper was one of the few sources of Korean writing and literature in Sakhalin for decades. However, since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newspaper has been experiencing financial difficulties, although it has still continued to operate as of 2023.

Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
Windsor Terrace is a small residential neighborhood in the central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded by Prospect Park on the east and northeast, Park Slope at Prospect Park West, Green-Wood Cemetery, and Borough Park at McDonald Avenue on the northwest, west, and southwest, and Kensington at Caton Avenue on the south. As of the 2010 United States census, Windsor Terrace had 20,988 people living within its 0.503-square-mile (1.30 km2) area.

Windsor Terrace is part of Brooklyn Community District 7, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11215 and 11218. It is patrolled by the 72nd Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Fire services are provided by Engine Company 240/Battalion 48 of the New York City Fire Department. Politically, Windsor Terrace is represented by the New York City Council's 38th and 39th Districts.

Borough Park, Brooklyn
Borough Park (also spelled Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The neighborhood is bordered by Bensonhurst to the south, Dyker Heights to the southwest, Sunset Park to the west, Kensington and Green-Wood Cemetery to the north, Flatbush to the east, and Mapleton to the southeast.

It is economically diverse and home to one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities outside Israel, with one of the largest concentrations of Jews in the United States. With Orthodox and Haredi families having an average of 6.72 children, Boro Park is experiencing a sharp growth in population.

The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 11219. It is patrolled by the 66th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 38th, 39th, and 44th districts.
Antecedent-contained deletion
Antecedent-contained deletion (ACD), also called antecedent-contained ellipsis, is a phenomenon whereby an elided verb phrase appears to be contained within its own antecedent. For instance, in the sentence "I read every book that you did", the verb phrase in the main clause appears to license ellipsis inside the relative clause which modifies its object. ACD is a classic puzzle for theories of the syntax-semantics interface, since it threatens to introduce an infinite regress. It is commonly taken as motivation for syntactic transformations such as quantifier raising, though some approaches explain it using semantic composition rules or by adoption more flexible notions of what it means to be a syntactic unit.

Operator (linguistics)
In generative grammar, the technical term operator denotes a type of expression that enters into an a-bar movement dependency. One often says that the operator "binds a variable".

Operators are often determiners, such as interrogatives ('which', 'who', 'when', etc.), or quantifiers ('every', 'some', 'most', 'no'), but adverbs such as sentential negation ('not') have also been treated as operators. It is also common within generative grammar to hypothesise phonetically empty operators whenever a clause type or construction exhibits symptoms of the presence of an a-bar movement dependency, such as sensitivity to extraction islands.