hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parallelogram of force
The parallelogram of forces is a method for solving (or visualizing) the results of applying two forces to an object.
When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer a parallelogram, but the same principles apply to a polygon of forces.  
The resultant force due to the application of a number of forces can be found geometrically by drawing arrows for each force.
The parallelogram of forces is a graphical manifestation of the addition of vectors.

Resultant force
In physics and engineering, a resultant force is the single force and associated torque obtained by combining a system of forces and torques acting on a rigid body via vector addition. The defining feature of a resultant force, or resultant force-torque, is that it has the same effect on the rigid body as the original system of forces. Calculating and visualizing the resultant force on a body is done through computational analysis, or (in the case of sufficiently simple systems) a free body diagram.

The point of application of the resultant force determines its associated torque. The term resultant force should be understood to refer to both the forces and torques acting on a rigid body, which is why some use the term resultant force–torque.

The force equal to the resultant force in magnitude, yet pointed in the opposite direction, is called an equilibrant force.
Edward Allde
Edward Allde (Alde, Alldee, or Alday; born c. 1560, died 1627) was an English printer in London during the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. He was responsible for a number of significant texts in English Renaissance drama, including some of the early editions of plays by William Shakespeare.

Poultry Compter
Poultry Compter (also known as Poultry Counter) was a small prison that stood at Poultry, part of Cheapside in the City of London. The compter was used to lock up minor criminals and prisoners convicted under civil law and was run by one of the City's sheriffs. It operated from the 16th century until 1815. It was pulled down in 1817 and replaced with a chapel.
Citrus Hills, Florida
Citrus Hills is a census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 9,302 at the 2020 census, up from 7,470 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Homosassa Springs, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The CDP takes its name from The Villages of Citrus Hills, a master-planned community first developed by Gerald Nash and Sam Tamposi in the 1970s.  (Although sharing a similar name with The Villages, the well-known giant Central Florida retirement community, the two developments are not related.)

Homosassa Springs, Florida
Homosassa Springs is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 14,283 as of 2020, up from 13,791 at the 2010 census. Homosassa Springs is the principal community of the Homosassa Springs, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The name derives from the warm spring located in Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park that attracts manatees to the area.
Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor
The Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor was awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television from 1980 to 1983, for the best performance by non-Canadian actor in a Canadian film.

The award and its Foreign Actress companion were frequently criticized both by actors and film critics — Canadian actor Christopher Plummer criticized the distinction in his Best Actor acceptance speech at the first Genies ceremony, and Jay Scott called them "loathsome", dubbing them "the Colonial Category", in a 1982 article in The Globe and Mail.

The awards were discontinued after the 4th Genie Awards. Initially, non-Canadian actors were simply barred from being nominated in acting categories at all, but beginning with the 7th Genie Awards non-Canadian actors instead became eligible for the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role and/or the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role to the best performance by a supporting actor in a Canadian film. The award was first presented in 1970 by the Canadian Film Awards, and was presented annually until 1978 with the exception of 1974 due to the cancellation of the awards that year.

From 1980 until 2012, the award was presented as part of the Genie Awards ceremony; since 2013, it has been presented as part of the new Canadian Screen Awards.

In August 2022, the Academy announced that it will discontinue its past practice of presenting gendered awards for film and television actors and actresses; beginning with the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, gender-neutral awards for Best Performance will be presented, with eight nominees per category instead of five. Supporting performances are now honoured with the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Film.
Novarra Inc.
Novarra was a mobile internet software company founded in 2000 and based in Itasca, Illinois, United States. It created web-based services such as web internet access, portals, videos, widgets and advertising for mobile devices. Novarra provided access to the internet and other services through wireless handsets, PDAs and laptops and sold directly to operators, mobile handset manufacturers and internet brand companies. In 2010, Nokia acquired 100% of Novarra's shares.

Itasca, Illinois
Itasca (/aɪˈtæskə/) is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 Census, the population was 9,543. Located approximately 25 miles northwest of downtown Chicago, Itasca is close to O'Hare International Airport, major expressways and rail transportation. Itasca is home to a country club, a resort and shares a border with Medinah's legendary golf course. In 2018, BusinessWeek rated Itasca as the Best Affordable Suburb in the state of Illinois.
Blood from the Soul
Blood from the Soul is an industrial metal supergroup formed by Napalm Death bassist Shane Embury. The band's debut album, To Spite the Gland That Breeds (1993), featured Embury with Sick of It All vocalist Lou Koller. In 2020, Embury reformed the band with a new line-up, featuring vocalist Jacob Bannon (Converge, Supermachiner), drummer Dirk Verbeuren (Megadeth, Soilwork) and bassist Jesper Liveröd (Nasum, Burst). The band's sophomore record, DSM-5, was released in the same year.

Burst (band)
Burst is a Swedish metal band from Kristinehamn, active between 1993 and 2009. They formed in 1993 by Jesper Liveröd, Linus Jägerskog and Patrik Hultin, with guitarists Robert Reinholdz and Jonas Rydberg joining later. Their label, Relapse Records, labelled them one of Sweden's brightest metal prospects.
Whiddon Lake (Ontario)
Whiddon Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) long and .7 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide and lies at an elevation of 332 metres (1,089 ft) about 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) northeast of the community of Armstrong. The primary outflow is an unnamed creek that joins the Whitesand River at a point between the mouth of Blackett Creek upstream and Whitesand Lake downstream.

Whitesand Lake (Lake Nipigon)
Whitesand Lake is a lake in Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. The primary inflow and outflow is the Whitesand River. The lake is about 3,600 metres (11,811 ft) long and 500 metres (1,640 ft) wide and lies at an elevation of 311 metres (1,020 ft).

A second lake in Thunder Bay District with the same name, Whitesand Lake (Hewitson River), is further southeast and is on the Hewitson River system.
Hankaar
Ahankar, commonly rendered as Hankaar or Hankār (Punjabi: ਹੰਕਾਰ, pronunciation: [ɦaunkäːaɝ]) based upon its pronunciation in Punjabi, is a Gurmukhi word originating from the Sanskrit word Ahankāra (Sanskrit: अहंकार) which translates to mean "ego" or "excessive pride" due to one's possessions, material wealth, spirituality, beauty, talents, physical strength, intelligence, authoritative powers, charity work, amid others. It is one of the five thieves of Sikhism which hinder one's spiritual's progression.

Nimrata
Nimrata (Gurmukhi: ਨਿਮਰਤਾ nimaratā) is an important virtue that is vigorously promoted by Gurbani and Sikh history. It is alternatively known as Gareebi. The literal translation of this Punjabi word is "Humility", or "Benevolence". The other four virtues are: Truth (Sat), Contentment (Santokh), Compassion (Daya) and Love (Pyaar).
JSDF Marching Festival
The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) Marching Festival (自衛隊音楽まつり, Jieitai Ongaku Matsuri) is the main cultural military tattoo in Tokyo, which features guest bands from the Asia-Pacific regions as well as bands of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. It is regularly held at the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo every November. The festival was established in 1963, and is one of the oldest military tattoos in the Asia-Pacific region.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
Dominic Ukpong
Dominic Ukpong is a Nigerian politician who served as a commissioner for health in Akwa Ibom State. He was appointed by Governor Udom Emmanuel.

In 2019, he was nominated as a special adviser by Governor Udom Emmanuel.

Ukpong was reappointed as an honorary special adviser on health matters following his redeployment as a Commissioner for health in August 2020.

Udom Gabriel Emmanuel
Udom Gabriel Emmanuel //(listen)ⓘ (born 11 July 1966) is a Nigerian politician and accountant who served as governor of Akwa Ibom State from 2015 to 2023. He contested for the office of governor in the April 2015 elections on the platform of Peoples Democratic Party.
Internal Security Unit
The Internal Security Unit (ISU) was the counter-intelligence and interrogation unit of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). This unit was often referred to as the Nutting Squad, in reference to the fact that many of the informers uncovered were shot in the back of the head (the "nut").

The unit is thought to have had jurisdiction over both Northern and Southern Commands of the IRA, (encompassing the whole of Ireland), and to have been directly attached to IRA General Headquarters (GHQ).

IRA Southern Command
IRA Southern Command  was a command division in the Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) and Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), responsible for providing logistical support in the South (Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland) for IRA Northern Command operations in Northern Ireland. It was headquartered in Dublin.
Beachley Barracks
Beachley Barracks is a British Army base at Beachley in Gloucestershire, England, close to the England–Wales border at Chepstow. The barracks is the home of 1st Battalion, The Rifles and is located at Beachley Point between the River Severn and the River Wye. It is set to close in 2031.

Beachley
Beachley is a village in Gloucestershire, England, near the border with Monmouthshire, Wales. It is located on a peninsula at the confluence of the rivers Wye and Severn, where the Severn Bridge ends and the smaller secondary bridge over the River Wye begins, both bridges carrying the M48 motorway between England and Wales though the motorway is not directly accessible from the village. The tidal range on this stretch of water is the highest in the UK. Before the construction of the bridge it was a ferry port from where the Aust Ferry operated until 1966. The population in 2011 was 764.
Dona Branca
Maria Branca dos Santos, more commonly referred to as "Dona" Branca (1902–1992), was a Portuguese criminal known chiefly for maintaining a Ponzi scheme in Portugal between 1970 and 1984 that paid a ten percent monthly interest. During this time she became popularly known as "The people's banker".

Dona Branca was arrested in 1984, and in 1988 she was sentenced to 10 years in prison. She was one of the last inmates of Convento das Mónicas when it was dismantled in 1989.

In 1993 RTP created a telenovela titled A Banqueira do Povo ("The People's Banker") based on these events with Eunice Muñoz playing the role of the title character, in this case Dona Benta.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
Major League Soccer defunct clubs
Since its creation in 1996, Major League Soccer, the highest level of professional soccer in the United States, has had three clubs cease operations—the Tampa Bay Mutiny, the Miami Fusion, and Chivas USA. The two Florida-based clubs ceased playing after the 2001 season as a result of the league's financial situation, and Chivas USA folded after the 2014 season with plans to rebrand and move to a stadium in downtown Los Angeles. All three situations involved league ownership of the clubs and executive decisions to maintain the viability and competitiveness of the league.

Supporters' Shield
The Supporters' Shield is an annual award given to the Major League Soccer team with the best regular season record, as determined by the MLS points system. The Supporters' Shield has been annually awarded at the MLS Supporters' Summit since 1999 (with the winners between 1996 and 1998 awarded retroactively), and has been recognized as a major trophy by the league. It echoes the practice of the top European leagues in which the team with the best record is the champion. Since 2006, the Supporters' Shield winner has earned a berth in the CONCACAF Champions Cup.

D.C. United and LA Galaxy, with four Supporters' Shields each, have won the most shields of any MLS team. Philadelphia Union are the 2025 holders of the Supporters' Shield, clinching their second shield in the penultimate regular season match. Inter Miami CF currently holds the record for the most points in a regular season, with 74 in the 2024 campaign.
Juncal Formation
The Juncal Formation (also Juncal Shale) (/ˈdʒʊŋkɑːl, ˈhuːŋ/) is a prominent sedimentary geologic unit of  Eocene age found in and north of the Santa Ynez Mountain range in southern and central Santa Barbara County and central Ventura County, California.  An enormously thick series of sediments deposited over millions of years in environments ranging from nearshore to deep water, it makes up much of the crest of the Santa Ynez range north of Montecito, as well as portions of the San Rafael Mountains in the interior of the county.  Its softer shales weather to saddles and swales, supporting a dense growth of brush, and its sandstones form prominent outcrops.

San Rafael Mountains
The San Rafael Mountains are a mountain range in central Santa Barbara County, California, U.S., separating the drainages of the Santa Ynez River and the Santa Maria River. They are part of the Transverse Ranges system of Southern California which in turn are part of the Pacific Coast Ranges system of western North America.
TCLR Argadeen
The Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Light Railway, opened in April 1891, was originally operated by two locomotives, both from the Leeds works of the Hunslet Engine Company, named Slaney and St. Molaga. These two were joined by a third locomotive, again from Hunslet in 1894. This third locomotive carried the name Argadeen and under the classification adopted by the Great Southern Railways on amalgamation in 1925 became the sole representative of Class K5.

Hunslet Engine Company
The Hunslet Engine Company is a locomotive building company, founded in 1864 in Hunslet, England. It manufactured steam locomotives for over 100 years and currently manufactures diesel shunting locomotives. The company owns a substantial fleet of Industrial and depot shunting locomotives which are available for hire. The company is part of Ed Murray & Sons Ltd.
2020 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 2020 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa, and competed in the West Division of the Big Ten Conference. They were led by 22nd-year head coach Kirk Ferentz.

On August 11, 2020, the Big Ten Conference canceled all fall sports competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, on September 16, the Big Ten reinstated the season, announcing an eight-game season beginning on October 24. The Hawkeyes compiled a 6–2 record, all in conference games. The team was set to face Missouri in the Music City Bowl, but the game was canceled after Missouri had to withdraw due to COVID-19 issues.

Junior defensive lineman Daviyon Nixon was named Big Ten Defensive Lineman of the Year, Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year, and was a unanimous First-team All-American.

Kirk Ferentz
Kirk James Ferentz (born August 1, 1955) is an American football coach. He is the head football coach at the University of Iowa, a position he has held since the 1999 season. From 1990 to 1992, Ferentz was the head football coach at the University of Maine. He was also an assistant coach with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Ferentz played college football as a linebacker at the University of Connecticut from 1974 to 1976. Since 2017, he has been the longest tenured FBS coach with one program. Ferentz is the all-time wins and losses leader in the Big Ten Conference.
Zvanivka
Zvanivka (Ukrainian: Званівка) is a village in eastern Ukraine, located in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Zvanivka hosts the administration of the Zvanivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Boykos
The Boykos or Boikos (Rusyn: бойки; Ukrainian: бойки, romanized: boiky; Polish: Bojkowie; Slovak: Pujďáci), or simply Highlanders (Ukrainian: верховинці, romanized: verkhovyntsi; Rusyn: ґоралы, romanized: goraly), are an ethnolinguistic group located in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland. Along with the neighbouring Lemkos and Hutsuls, the Boykos are considered a sub-group of Rusyns and speak a distinct East Slavic dialect. Within Ukraine, the Boykos and other Rusyns are seen as a sub-group of ethnic Ukrainians. Boykos differ from their neighbors in dialect, dress, folk architecture, and customs.
John Rushing
John Rushing (February 26, 1972 – October 23, 2020) was an American college and professional football assistant coach who previously served as the safeties coach at the University of Arizona. Rushing served for six years as a defensive coach at Utah State University and was the secondary coach for three other college programs.

Born and raised in Merced, California, Rushing played college football at Washington State University in Pullman under head coach Mike Price, and was a four-year starter as a defensive back for the Cougars.

His brother is Hamilton Tiger-Cats wide receiver Kevin Robinson.

Rushing died on October 23, 2020, at the age of 48.

Mike Price
Michael Bruce Price (born April 6, 1946) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach at Weber State College from 1981 to 1988, Washington State University from 1989 to 2002, and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) from 2004 to 2012.  Price returned to UTEP as interim head coach for the final seven games of the 2017 season. He was hired at the University of Alabama in December 2002, but was fired before coaching a game in 2003.
Mpalive Msiska
Mpalive-Hangson Msiska is a Malawian academic resident in London, England. He is a Reader Emeritus in English and Humanities at Birkbeck College, University of London, with research and teaching interests in critical and cultural theory as well as postcolonial literature, including African literature, Wole Soyinka and Chinua Achebe being notable subjects of his writing.

Caine Prize
The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual literary award for the best short story by an African writer, whether in Africa or elsewhere, published in the English language. Founded in the United Kingdom in 2000, the £10,000 prize was named in memory of businessman and philanthropist Sir Michael Harris Caine, former chairman of Booker Group and of the Booker Prize management committee. The Caine Prize is sometimes referred to as the "African Booker". The Chair of the Board is Ellah Wakatama, appointed in 2019.

Between 2020 and 2022 it was styled as the AKO Caine Prize for African Writing due to a three-year grant from Nicolai Tangen's AKO Foundation.
Carl Friedrich Roewer
Carl Friedrich Roewer (12 October 1881, in Neustrelitz – 17 June 1963) was a German arachnologist. He concentrated on harvestmen, where he described almost a third (2,260) of today's known species, but also almost 700 taxa of spiders and numerous Solifugae.

After earning his D.Phil, he was appointed senior assistant to Ernst Haeckel at the Zoological Institute of Jena. Later he was appointed zoologist at the Zoological Museum, Hamburg where he worked with the arachnologist Karl Kraepelin. From 1933 on, he was the second director of the Übersee-Museum in Bremen, Germany. Under his direction the museum intensified its advocacy of scientific racism.

The Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft bought his extensive collection (including type material from other arachnologists such as L. Koch, Eugène Simon, Thorell, Philipp Bertkau and Friedrich Dahl) and his private library. Some of his specimens are also in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin.

Ludwig Carl Christian Koch
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist.

He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany.  He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicine and science. From 1850, he practiced as a physician in the Wöhrd district of Nuremberg.

He is considered among the four most influential scientists on insects and spiders in the second half of the 19th century. He wrote numerous works on the arachinoids of Europe, Siberia, and Australia.  His work earned him worldwide reputation as "Spider Koch".

Sometimes confused with his father Carl Ludwig Koch (1778–1857), another famous arachnologist, his name is abbreviated L.Koch on species descriptions; his father's name is abbreviated C.L.Koch