hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thornhill (provincial electoral district)
Thornhill is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1999.

It covers the suburban community of Thornhill, which is made up of portions of the cities of Vaughan and Markham and was created in 1999 from parts of Markham and York Centre ridings.

It consists of the part of the City of Vaughan that is east of Highway 400 and south of Rutherford Road, and the part of the City of Markham west of Bayview Avenue.

It is the only riding in Ontario with a Jewish plurality. 32.8% of the population is Jewish, the highest in the province.

York Centre (provincial electoral district)
York Centre is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been the name of ridings in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario three different times. It was created initially in 1955 from the southern part of York North. It was dissolved in 1963 when it was split into three ridings called Yorkview, Downsview and Armourdale. In 1967, it was reconstituted north of Steeles in the township of Markham. This lasted until 1999 when it was dissolved into Markham—Unionville. The name was given to a new riding formed in its original location south of Steeles. It remains as an existing riding today.
Nomex
Nomex is a trademarked term for an inherently flame-resistant fabric with meta-aramid chemistry widely used for industrial applications and fire protection equipment. It was developed in the early 1960s by DuPont and first marketed in 1967.

Kevlar is often added to Nomex to increase its resistance to breakage or tear.

Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex is  W. L. Gore & Associates's trade name for waterproof, breathable fabric membrane. It was invented in 1969. Gore-Tex blocks liquid water while allowing water vapor to pass through and is designed to be a lightweight, waterproof fabric for all-weather use. It is composed of expanded PTFE (ePTFE), a stretched out form of the PFAS compound polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Mirboo North railway line
The Mirboo North railway line was a country branch line in Victoria, Australia. It branched from the main Gippsland line at Morwell station, and opened in three stages from 1885 to 1886. The stations along the line were Hazelwood, Yinnar, Boolarra, Darlimurla and Mirboo North.

The line remained in continuous service until it was closed in 1974, although the passenger service ceased in 1968. The section between Boolarra and Mirboo North has been converted into the Grand Ridge Rail Trail. Part of the former right-of-way between Morwell Junction and Hazelwood has been consumed by the coal mine for the Hazelwood power station.

Hazelwood, Victoria
Hazelwood is an area of Gippsland at the foot of the Strzelecki Ranges in Victoria, Australia. In the beginning the area acted as a service centre for the Hazelwood Power Station. Following the death of Sir Winston Churchill the town centre was renamed to Churchill, however many of the surrounding areas continue to carry the name Hazelwood.
Open access in Denmark
Open access to scholarly communication in Denmark has grown rapidly since the 1990s. As in other countries in general, open access publishing is less expensive than traditional, paper-based, pre-Internet publishing.

Open-access mandate
An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their published, peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers open access (1) by self-archiving their final, peer-reviewed drafts in a freely accessible institutional repository or disciplinary repository ("Green OA") or (2) by publishing them in an open-access journal ("Gold OA") or both.
Mark Schenning
Mark Schenning (born 18 October 1970) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player. He spent his entire career in the Netherlands, playing for clubs such as Go Ahead Eagles, Willem II, Den Bosch and NAC Breda.

After retirement, Schenning enrolled into management. He first took change of the Willem II's women team for one season, before moving on to the primary outfit in a caretaker role. Some months later, Schenning descended into the lower divisions, first being appointed of Hoofdklasse B amateur club RKSV Schijndel for two years. Schenning is at present in charge of Hoofdklasse club OJC Rosmalen, a position he has held since 2019.

Vierde Divisie
The Vierde Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈviːrdə diˈvisi]; "Fourth Division"), formerly known as Hoofdklasse (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦoːftklɑsə]) is the third-highest league of amateur football in the Netherlands, and the fifth tier in general.
Sviyazhsky Kanton
Sviyazhsky Kanton (Tatar: Зөя кантуны, romanized: Zöyä kantunı, Yaña imlâ زۈيە كانتونىٰ, Russian: Свияжский кантон) was an administrative division (a сanton) of the Tatar ASSR in 1920–1927. The administrative center of the canton was the town of Sviyazhsk.

Sviyazhsky Kanton was created in the territory of former Sviyazhsky Uyezd following the creation of the Tatar ASSR in 1920.

By 1926 it had an area of 3,326 km2 and a population of 153 384, 64.3% of whom were Russians, 33.6%—Tatars, and 2.0%—Chuvashs.

In 1926, the canton consisted of 8 volosts. In 1927, Sviyazhsky Kanton was abolished, and 4 districts (Nurlat-Achasyrsky, Sviyazhsky, Tenkovsky, Ulyankovsky) were created in its terrirtory.

Nurlatsky District, Tatar ASSR
55°37′N 48°18′E﻿ / ﻿55.617°N 48.300°E﻿ / 55.617; 48.300

Nurlatsky District or Norlat District (Russian: Нурлатский район; Tatar: Norlat rayonı) was a district (raion) of the Tatar ASSR that existed in the 1920s–1960s.

It was established as Nurlat-Achysarsky District (Russian: Нурлат-Ачасырский район; Tatar: Норлат-Ачасыр районы, romanized: Norlat-Açasır rayonı) on February 14, 1927.  Its administrative center was the village (selo) of Nurlaty.

On August 1, 1927 it was renamed Nurlatsky.  On February 1, 1963, the district was abolished and its territory merged into Zelenodolsky District.
3rd Grenadier Guards F.C.
3rd Grenadier Guards F.C. were an English football team that played in the London League from as early as 1896 until 1898.  During the 1896–97 season they were champions and during the 1897–98 season they finished 4th.

In the 1909–10 season they joined the Spartan League B Division.  They gained promotion in their first season finishing third of sixth in their division. Participating in the Spartan League A Division for three more seasons they recorded finishes of 7th, 6th and 10th, before withdrawing in 1913.

Spartan League
The Spartan League was a football league in England covering London and adjacent counties. Established in 1907, it merged with the South Midlands League in 1997 to form the Spartan South Midlands League.
University of Birmingham School
University of Birmingham School is a mixed free school that occupies a new, purpose-built building located on the University of Birmingham's Selly Oak campus. The University of Birmingham School opened in September 2015, and is sponsored by the University of Birmingham and managed by an Academy Trust.

The university obtained twenty million pounds for the school's building, but later supplemented this with three million pounds of its own money to pay for expanded features such as wider corridors and very large classrooms. The curriculum includes a commitment to teaching virtue and empathy as part of curricular as well as extra-curricular activities.

In 2016, the school had 1768 applications for 150 places, and was considering expanding its intake.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
The Mr. Science Show
The Mr. Science Show was a lecture based science television program for children developed by Tim Perkins, which aired weekly in the 1990s on Time Warner Cable's Public-access television cable TV channel. The program was produced in Melbourne, Florida, United States. The show utilized simple science experiments, silly stories, and stunts to explain specific concepts in science.

Public service announcement
A public service announcement (PSA) is a message in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge to raise public awareness and change behavior. Oftentimes these messages feature unsettling imagery, ideas or behaviors that are designed to startle or even scare the viewer into understanding the consequences of undergoing a particular harmful action or inaction. For example, a PSA may show imagery of drug users before and after their addiction, or realistic skits of domestic violence situations, as well as explaining the importance of avoiding such choices. In the UK, they are generally called a public information film (PIF); in Hong Kong, they are known as an announcement in the public interest (API).
Cameraria gaultheriella
Cameraria gaultheriella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from British Columbia, Canada, and California, Oregon and Maine in the United States. It is an adventive species in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, but is not established.

The wingspan is 10–11 mm.

The larvae feed on Gaultheria species, including Gaultheria shallon. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Sajsi MC
Ivana Rašić Trmčić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ивана Рашић Трмчић, born on 12 October 1981), better known as Sajsi MC, is a Serbian rapper, singer and songwriter. Recognized as one of the most prominent female rappers in Serbia, her lyrics explore sexuality, feminism and other socio-political subjects.

2023 Music Awards Ceremony
Music Awards Ceremony (MAC) 2023, presented by Sky Music, was held on 25 and 26 January 2023 to recognize the best in the music of former Yugoslav countries. The ceremony took place at Štark Arena in Belgrade. Following a two-year break due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the third MAC was announced on 27 November 2022. The event for the first time included two nights, one focusing on pop, rock, folk, world, rap, and hip hop music, and the other for contemporary genres, like trap, drill, urban pop and pop-folk music. On January 20, Serbian actress Jelena Gavrilović and Croatian musician Tonči Huljić were announced as hosts for the first evening, and Serbian rappers Voyage and Mimi Mercedez as hosts for the second one.
Morton Garden Village railway station
Morton Garden Village railway station is a proposed railway station in Bassetlaw District, Nottinghamshire, England, near the A1 and A57 junction and the site of the former Checker House railway station.

The station would be on the Sheffield–Lincoln line, an existing line between Lincoln and Sheffield that now has hourly passenger train service.

A57 road
The A57 is a major road in England.  It runs east from Liverpool to Lincoln via Warrington, Salford and Manchester, and then through the Pennines over the Snake Pass (between the high moorlands of Bleaklow and Kinder Scout), around the Ladybower Reservoir, through Sheffield and past Worksop. Between Liverpool and Glossop, the road has largely been superseded by the M62, M602 and M67 motorways. Within Manchester a short stretch becomes the Mancunian Way, designated A57(M).
Afeida Khandaker
Afeida Khandaker Pranti (born November 18, 2006; Bengali: আফঈদা খন্দকার প্রান্তি) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Rajshahi Stars FC and the Bangladesh national team, which she captains.

2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification
The 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification was an association football qualification tournament for the 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

The qualification tournament decided eight of the twelve participating teams in the final tournament to be held in Australia. Along with the host nation, the top three teams in the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup final tournament also secured automatic qualification: China, South Korea and Japan. A total of 34 teams submitted entries to participate in the qualifiers.

This tournament served as the first stage of Asian qualification for the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup and the 2028 Olympic football tournament.

The teams were divided into eight groups, with group winners qualifying to the final tournament.
Cyclin E/Cdk2
The Cyclin E/Cdk2 complex is a structure composed of two proteins, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Similar to other cyclin/Cdk complexes, the cyclin E/Cdk2 dimer plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, with this specific complex peaking in activity during the G1/S transition. Once the cyclin and Cdk subunits join together, the complex gets activated, allowing it to phosphorylate and bind to downstream proteins to ultimately promote cell cycle progression. Although cyclin E can bind to other Cdk proteins, its primary binding partner is Cdk2, and the majority of cyclin E activity occurs when it exists as the cyclin E/Cdk2 complex.

Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is inactivated by phosphorylation, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.

pRb belongs to the pocket protein family, whose members have a pocket for the functional binding of other proteins. Should an oncogenic protein, such as those produced by cells infected by high-risk types of human papillomavirus, bind and inactivate pRb, this can lead to cancer. The RB gene may have been responsible for the evolution of multicellularity in several lineages of life including animals.
Ottilie of Nassau-Siegen (1437–1493)
Countess Ottilie of Nassau-Siegen (before or on 18 April 1437 – July 1493), German: Ottilie Gräfin von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Gräfin zu Nassau, Vianden und Diez, was a countess from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau, and through marriage respectively Countess of Katzenelnbogen and Countess of Tierstein.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
Verne Cistern
Verne Cistern is a water supply cistern on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is situated at the southern flank of the Verne Ramparts, on the slopes of Verne Hill, along the route of the horse drawn and cable operated Merchant's Railway – now a public footpath. It is on the edge of the Verne Citadel, a 19th-century fort, which is now HM Prison The Verne. The cistern became Grade II Listed in May 1993.

HM Prison The Verne
HM Prison The Verne is a Category C men's prison located within the 19th-century Verne Citadel on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, HMP The Verne was established in 1949 and occupies the southern part of the citadel. After a brief spell as an Immigration Removal Centre in 2014–2017, HMP The Verne re-opened in 2018.
Empress Dowager Du
Empress Dowager Du (杜太后, given name unknown, c. 902 – 17 July 961) was an empress dowager of imperial China's Song dynasty. She was the wife of general Zhao Hongyin and the mother of Emperor Taizu of Song, who founded the Song dynasty.

After her death, another son, Emperor Taizong, succeeded Emperor Taizu, claiming legitimacy on grounds of their mother's will, alleged to be sealed in a golden shelf at her death. Many historians believe that this was actually a fabrication by Emperor Taizong.

Later Zhou
Zhou, known as the Later Zhou (/dʒoʊ/; simplified Chinese: 后周; traditional Chinese: 後周; pinyin: Hòu Zhōu) in historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty and the last of the Five Dynasties that controlled most of northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Founded by Guo Wei (Emperor Taizu), it was preceded by the Later Han dynasty and succeeded by the Northern Song dynasty.
Dental torque wrench
A dental torque wrench or restorative torque wrench is a torque wrench used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener bolt for fixation of an abutment, dentures or prosthetics on a dental implant.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Bandar Tun Razak
There are two towns in Malaysia called Bandar Tun Razak.  This page describes the township and parliamentary constituency in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. For the town of the same name in Pahang, see Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka.  Both are named after the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdul Razak.

There are a number of schools and institutions of learning in Bandar Tun Razak. Saidina Uthman Bin Affan Mosque is a major mosque in Bandar Tun Razak. It is next to Permaisuri Lake, a lake gardens. There is a large playground for children in the lake gardens.

Among other facilities in Bandar Tun Razak are Kuala Lumpur Stadium, a velodrome, a public swimming pool, a sports centre, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM), DBKL branch office and a fire station.

The town is served by the Bandar Tun Razak LRT station on the Sri Petaling line of Kuala Lumpur's light rail transit system.

Malay styles and titles
The Malay language has a complex system of styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore.

Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent.

In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man.
Partagás
Partagás is a brand name of cigars that are made by two independent & competing entities, one produced on the island of Cuba for Habanos SA, the Cuban state-owned tobacco company; (Spanish: Empresa estatal cubana de tabaco) the other, containing no Cuban tobacco, produced in the Dominican Republic for General Cigar Company, a division of Scandinavian Tobacco Group of Denmark.

The Cuban version is the original and among the oldest extant cigar brands, established in Havana in 1845.

Montecristo (cigar)
Montecristo (Spanish pronunciation: [monteˈkɾisto]) is a brand of cigars and cigarettes produced separately and independently in Cuba by Habanos S.A., the national tobacco company, and in La Romana, Dominican Republic by Altadis, a subsidiary of British conglomerate Imperial Brands.
1974–75 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 1974–75 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1974–75 NCAA Division I college basketball season. John Thompson, coached them in his third season as head coach. Georgetown was an independent that played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C., and finished the season with a record of 18–10. The team won the 1975 ECAC South Region tournament and appeared in the 1975 NCAA tournament – the Hoyas's first appearance in that tournament since 1943 – and lost to Central Michigan in the first round.

ECAC men's basketball tournaments
The ECAC men's basketball tournaments are postseason college basketball tournaments organized by the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) in the United States.

Despite its name, the ECAC is not a traditional athletic conference, but rather a loosely organized sports federation for colleges and universities in the northeastern United States. Among other things, it organizes end-of-season college basketball tournaments for member schools which are not members of a traditional conference, or which do not otherwise have access to such a tournament. At various times, it has organized end-of-season basketball tournaments at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, Division II, and Division III levels. The Division I tournaments it organized from 1975 through 1981 were the only college basketball tournaments which gave independent colleges and universities in the northeastern United States automatic bids to the NCAA Tournament during those years.
Repton Abbey
Repton Abbey was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine abbey in Derbyshire, England. Founded in the 7th century, the abbey was a double monastery, a community of both monks and nuns. The abbey is noted for its connections to various saints and Mercian royalty; two of the thirty-seven Mercian Kings were buried within the abbey's crypt. The abbey was abandoned in 873, when Repton was overrun by the invading Great Heathen Army.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
George McCready Price
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George McCready Price (26 August 1870 – 24 January 1963) was a Canadian creationist. He produced several anti-evolution and creationist works, particularly on the subject of flood geology. His views did not become common among creationists until after his death, particularly with the modern creation science movement starting in the 1960s.

Ronald Numbers
Ronald Leslie Numbers (June 3, 1942 – July 24, 2023) was an American historian of science. He was awarded the 2008 George Sarton Medal by the History of Science Society for "a lifetime of exceptional scholarly achievement by a distinguished scholar".