hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Orizare
The Battle of Orizare (Macedonian: Битката кај Оризаре, Albanian: Beteja e Orizares) was a military engagement between the Macedonian security forces and Albanian insurgents belonging to the National Liberation Army (NLA).

Mil Mi-24
The Mil Mi-24 (Russian: Миль Ми-24; NATO reporting name: Hind) is a large helicopter gunship, attack helicopter and low-capacity troop transport with room for eight passengers. It is produced by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and was introduced by the Soviet Air Force in 1972. As of 2025, the helicopter is in use with 52 countries.

In NATO circles, the export versions, Mi-25 and Mi-35, are denoted with a letter suffix as "Hind D" and "Hind E". Soviet pilots called the Mi-24 the "flying tank" (Russian: летающий танк, romanized: letayushchiy tank), a term used historically with the famous World War II Soviet Il-2 Shturmovik armored ground attack aircraft. Other common unofficial nicknames were "Galina" (or "Galya"), "Crocodile" (Russian: Крокодил, romanized: Krokodil), due to the helicopter's camouflage scheme, and "Drinking Glass" (Russian: Стакан, romanized: Stakan), because of the flat glass plates that surround earlier Mi-24 variants' cockpits.
River Wards, Philadelphia
The River Wards is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Delaware River northeast of Center City Philadelphia.  'River Wards' is the commonly used name for an area including several neighborhoods, such as Fishtown, Kensington, Port Richmond and Olde Richmond. The River Wards are located at the border of North Philadelphia and Northeast Philadelphia, and may be considered part of one or the other, or as a separate entity. The area is sometimes also known as 'Kensington-Richmond'.

The area is defined by its industrial past, having suffered the effects of deindustrialization in the 20th century. Today, the River Wards are known both for gentrification, which has brought an arts, culture, and dining scene to the area (particularly in Fishtown), and for disinvestment, with outer Kensington hosting an infamous open-air drug market.

Northeast Philadelphia
Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Great Northeast, and known colloquially as simply "the Northeast", is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 census, Northeast Philadelphia has a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. The Northeast is known as being home to a large and diverse working class population, including Polish, German, Jewish, Russian, African American, Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Guatemalan, Ukrainian, Indian, Chinese, Irish, and Vietnamese neighborhoods.
Sons of Neptune (campaign group)
The Sons of Neptune are an environmental campaign group in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. They were founded in 1983 by a group of local residents and sea swimmers who noted a decline in water quality and biodiversity. They campaigned against the disposal of sewage at sea by Yorkshire Water.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Christian Tshiwewe
Army General Christian Tshiwewe Songesha (born 1968) is a Congolese military officer who served as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Prior to his present position, he was the commander of the Republican Guard, an elite praetorian guard unit responsible for the security of the Head of State and other strategic security installations in the country. Tshiwewe replaced Lieutenant General Célestin Mbala, who was the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces from 14 July 2018 until 4 October 2022.

Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
This is a list of chiefs of staff of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zaire.

The available information on the following officers is incomplete and sometimes contradictory. In addition to armed forces chiefs of staff, in 1966 Lieutenant Colonel Ferdinand Malila was listed as Army Chief of Staff.
Borel–de Siebenthal theory
In mathematics, Borel–de Siebenthal theory describes the closed connected subgroups of a compact Lie group that have maximal rank, i.e. contain a maximal torus. It is named after the Swiss mathematicians Armand Borel and Jean de Siebenthal who developed the theory in 1949. Each such subgroup is the identity component of the centralizer of its center. They can be described recursively in terms of the associated root system of the group. The subgroups for which the corresponding homogeneous space has an invariant complex structure correspond to parabolic subgroups in the complexification of the compact Lie group, a reductive algebraic group.

Maximal torus
In the mathematical theory of compact Lie groups a special role is played by torus subgroups, in particular by the maximal torus subgroups.

A torus in a compact Lie group G is a compact, connected, abelian Lie subgroup of G (and therefore isomorphic to the standard torus Tn). A maximal torus is one which is maximal among such subgroups. That is, T is a maximal torus if for any torus T′ containing T we have T = T′. Every torus is contained in a maximal torus simply by dimensional considerations. A noncompact Lie group need not have any nontrivial tori (e.g. Rn).

The dimension of a maximal torus in G is called the rank of G. The rank is well-defined since all maximal tori turn out to be conjugate. For semisimple groups the rank is equal to the number of nodes in the associated Dynkin diagram.
The Curfew (play)
The Curfew is a historical tragedy by the British writer John Tobin which was first published in 1807, three years after the author's death. It was staged by Richard Brinsley Sheridan at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London premiering on 19 February 1807. The cast included William Barrymore as Hugh de Tracy, John Bannister as Robert, Henry Siddons as Bertrand, William Penley as Walter, Robert William Elliston as Fitzharding, Edmund John Eyre as Philip, Jane Powell as Matilda and Maria Duncan as Florence. It appeared at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 1 April the same year. It is set during the Norman era.

History (theatrical genre)
History is one of the three main genres in Western theatre alongside tragedy and comedy, although it originated, in its modern form, thousands of years later than the other primary genres. For this reason, it is often treated as a subset of tragedy.  A play in this genre is known as a history play and is based on a historical narrative, often set in the medieval or early modern past. History emerged as a distinct genre from tragedy in Renaissance England. The best known examples of the genre are the history plays written by William Shakespeare, whose plays still serve to define the genre. History plays also appear elsewhere in Western literature, such as Thomas Heywood's Edward IV, Schiller's Mary Stuart or the Dutch national poet Joost van den Vondel's play Gijsbrecht van Aemstel.
Courthouse Mountain
Courthouse Mountain is a 12,152-foot-elevation (3,704-meter) mountain summit located on the shared boundary of Hinsdale County with Ouray County, in southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated 10.5 miles east of the community of Ridgway, and south of Owl Creek Pass, in the Uncompahgre Wilderness, on land managed by Uncompahgre National Forest. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains, and is situated west of the Continental Divide. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above West Fork Cimarron River in approximately one-half mile, and with its prominence can be seen from Highway 550 near Ridgway. The mountain's name, which has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, was in use before 1906 when Henry Gannett published it in the Gazetteer of Colorado.

Uncompahgre Wilderness
The Uncompahgre Wilderness (formerly called the Big Blue Wilderness) is a U.S. Wilderness Area in southwest Colorado comprising 102,721 acres (415.70 km2).  Elevation in the Wilderness ranges from 8,400 feet (2,600 m) to 14,309 feet (4,361 m), at the summit of Uncompahgre Peak.

Managed by the Uncompahgre National Forest, it is located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of the town of Lake City and some 10 miles (16 km) east of the town of Ouray.

The area is named for Uncompahgre Peak, which at 14,309 feet (4,361 m) is the highest peak in the San Juan Mountains. The Wilderness includes one other prominent fourteener, Wetterhorn Peak at 14,015 feet (4,272 m).
Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife v. Klamath Indian Tribe
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife v. Klamath Indian Tribe, 473 U.S. 753 (1985), was a case appealed to the US Supreme Court by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The Supreme Court reversed the previous decisions in the District Court and the Court of Appeals stating that the exclusive right to hunt, fish, and gather roots, berries, and seeds on the lands reserved to the Klamath Tribe by the 1864 Treaty was not intended to survive as a special right to be free of state regulation in the ceded lands that were outside the reservation after the 1901 Agreement.

Klamath people
The Klamath people are a Native American tribe of the Plateau culture area in Southern Oregon and Northern California. Today Klamath people are enrolled in the federally recognized tribes:

Klamath Tribes (Klamath, Modoc, and Yahooskin (Yahuskin) Band of Northern Paiute Indians), Oregon

Quartz Valley Indian Community (Klamath, Karuk (Karok), and Shasta (Chasta) people), California.
Béja Governorate
Béja Governorate (Arabic: ولاية باجة Wilāyat Bājah pronounced [ˈbæːʒæ]; French: Gouvernorat de Béja) is one of the twenty-four governorates of Tunisia. It is in northern Tunisia and has a brief coastline relative to its size. It covers an area of 3,740 km² and had a population of 303,032 as of the 2014 census. The capital is Béja and it spans the moderately high Tell Atlas hills and part of the plain between the Tell Atlas and the Dorsal Atlas further south.

Governorates of Tunisia
Tunisia is divided into 24 governorates (wilayat, sing. wilayah). This term in Arabic can also be translated as province.

The governorates are divided into 264 delegations (mutamadiyat), and further subdivided into municipalities (baladiyat), and sectors (imadats). Tunisia is divided into 6 regions.
Princess Street, Manchester
53°28′37″N 2°14′20″W﻿ / ﻿53.477°N 2.239°W﻿ / 53.477; -2.239

Princess Street is one of the main streets in the city centre of Manchester, England. It begins at Cross Street and runs approximately eastwards across Mosley Street, Portland Street and Whitworth Street until the point where it continues as Brook Street and eventually joins the A34.

Mosley Street
Mosley Street is a street in Manchester, England. It runs between its junction with Piccadilly Gardens and Market Street to St Peter's Square. Beyond St Peter's Square it becomes Lower Mosley Street. It is the location of several Grade II and Grade II* listed buildings.

Mosley Street tram stop was located near Piccadilly Gardens. In 2009, the tram lines on Mosley Street were reconstructed. Historically buses used Mosley Street en route to Piccadilly Gardens, however the services were rerouted along Portland Street in 2011. The street is now used by Metrolink trams and no cars are permitted on the street, although emergency service vehicles can still use the road and traffic signals at junctions remain in operational. The tram stop closed on 17 May 2013.
Dairymans Plains
Dairymans Plains is a locality in the Snowy Monaro Region, New South Wales, Australia. It is located to the north of the Snowy Mountains Highway, to the immediate northwest of Cooma. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 183. It contains grazing country, a rural residential development, Cooma Golf Course and a large car wrecking yard.

Dairymans Plains had a school from 1881 to 1933, described as a "provisional" school from 1881 to 1884 and 1891 to 1899, as a "public" school from 1884 to 1890 and from 1899 to 1913 and a "half-time" school after 1913.

Snowy Monaro Regional Council
The Snowy Monaro Regional Council is a local government area located in the Snowy Mountains and Monaro regions of New South Wales, Australia. The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a forced merger of the Bombala, Cooma-Monaro and Snowy River shires.

The council comprises an area of 15,162 square kilometres (5,854 sq mi) and occupies the higher slopes of the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range between the Australian Capital Territory to the north and the state boundary with Victoria to the south. At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 20,707. Its population at the 2021 census was 21,666.

The Mayor of the Snowy Monaro Regional Council is Chris Hanna since 21 September 2023.
Sacco and Vanzetti Battalion
The Sacco and Vanzetti Battalion (Basque: Sacco eta Vanzetti Batailoia; Spanish: Batallón Sacco y Vanzetti) was a military unit of the National Confederation of Labor (CNT) from Euskadi that acted on the Northern Front during the Spanish Civil War. It was No. 4 of the CNT Militias and No. 12 of Euzko Gudarostea.

Euzko Gudarostea
Euzko Gudarostea (spelled in modern Basque: Eusko Gudarostea, lit. 'Basque army') was the name of the army commanded by the Basque Government during the Spanish Civil War. It was formed by Basque nationalists, socialists, communists, anarchists and republicans under the direction of lehendakari José Antonio Aguirre and coordinating with the army of the Second Spanish Republic. It fought the forces of Francisco Franco during 1936 and 1937.
It surrendered to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie at Santoña (province of Cantabria), while the rest of the Republican army kept fighting until 1939. This event is called the Santoña Agreement, Pact of Santoña, or Treason of Santoña by some Spanish leftists.
NGC 4410
NGC 4410 is a pair of interacting galaxies located in the constellation of Virgo. The redshift of the pair is (z) 0.0241 and it was first discovered by the British astronomer John Herschel in January 1828. It is listed as a member of the Virgo Cluster, but in reality the galaxies lie at a much further distance. The galaxy pair are members of the NGC 4410 group, make up of at least a dozen galaxies, of which a few are found strongly interacting with each other.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Shohada-ye Nowshahr Stadium
The Shohada-ye Nowshahr Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nowshahr, Iran.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Shemushack Noshahr F.C. in the Azadegan League.  The stadium holds 6,000 people. 
There was an incident in this stadium in the match against Persepolis in the Hazfi Cup in 2003 in which some of the seats fell down. Two people died, and Persepolis withdrew from the competition.

Shamoushak Noshahr F.C.
Shemushack Noshahr Football Club (Persian: شموشک نوشهر, Shimushik Nushiher) is an Iranian football club based in Nowshahr, Iran. They currently compete in the Iran Football's 3rd Division.

They currently play in the Azadegan League. The team has little talent or success, but is loved by those living in Nowshahr, and games at its small stadium are always a sellout.
The team is one of the youngest in Iran and until three years ago was playing in the 2nd division. The team was relegated back into the Azadegan League, on April 16, 2006.
Himegamisha Shrine, Nara
The Himegamisha Shrine (Japanese: 比売神社, Himegamisha) is a Shinto shrine in the city of Nara, in Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is built in 1981 by the people of this neighborhood on the tomb called Hime-zuka (princess' tomb) that is estimated to be a burial place of Princess Tōchi, an Empress-consort of Emperor Kōbun. It is a sessha (subsidiary shrine) of the Kagami Shrine.

Setsumatsusha
Sessha (摂社, auxiliary shrine) and massha (末社, undershrine), also called eda-miya (枝宮, branch shrines) (collectively known as setsumatsusha (摂末社)) are small or miniature shrines entrusted to the care of a larger shrine, generally due to some deep connection with the enshrined kami.

The two terms used to have legally different meanings, but are today synonyms. Setsumatsusha can lie either inside (境内摂末社, keidai setsumatsusha) or outside (境外摂末社, keigai setsumassha) the main shrine's premises. Setsumatsusha are usually 1x1 ken in size. They can however be as small as beehives or relatively large and have 1x2, 1x3 or even, in one case, 1x7 bays.
Burnbank Athletic F.C.
Burnbank Athletic Football Club was a Scottish football club based in the Burnbank area of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire.  It played primarily in Scottish Junior Football Association competitions from 1885 until it went out of business in 1962, and won the Scottish Junior Cup on five occasions. The club started up again in 2004.

Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Hamilton (Scots: Hamiltoun; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Hamaltan [ˈpalə ˈhaməl̪ˠt̪ʰan]) is a large town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area. It sits 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Glasgow, 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Edinburgh and 74 miles (120 km) north of Carlisle. It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde at its confluence with the Avon Water. Hamilton is the county town of the historic county of Lanarkshire and is the location of the headquarters of the modern local authority of South Lanarkshire.

The town itself has a population of around 55,000, which makes it the 9th largest locality in Scotland, and anchors a defined settlement of 84,000 (including neighbouring Blantyre, Bothwell and Uddingston) which is the country's 8th largest.
Genealogia Sursilliana
Genealogia Sursilliana is an old and large genealogy of Finnish Ostrobothnian families descending from a 16th-century wealthy Swedish farmer, Erik Ångerman, nicknamed Sursill. He had several children, both sons and daughters, most of whom moved to today's Finland. The Sursill genealogy consists of cognates (both male and female) descendants.

Cognatic kinship
Cognatic kinship is a mode of descent calculated from an ancestor counted through any combination of male and female links, or a system of bilateral kinship where relations are traced through both a father and mother. Such relatives may be known as cognates.
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory. In the introduction of its 60th anniversary commemorative edition from the Princeton University Press, the book is described as "the classic work upon which modern-day game theory is based."

Richard Stone
Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone CBE FBA (30 August 1913 – 6 December 1991) was an eminent British economist. He was educated at Gonville and Caius College and King's College at the University of Cambridge. In 1984, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for developing an accounting model that could be used to track economic activities on a national and, later, an international scale.
Lauchsee
The Lauchsee is a large moor lake, 2.3 hectares in area, in the Tyrolean district of Kitzbühel. It lies on the territory of the municipality of Fieberbrunn above the Pletzerbach at an elevation of 859 m above sea level (AA). The lake has two small islands and its maximum depth is 4.3 metres.
There is a swimming baths on the Lauchsee called the Moorbad Lauchsee.

Kitzbühel District
The Bezirk Kitzbühel is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the Kufstein and Schwaz districts in the west, and the Pinzgau region (Salzburg) in the east and south.

Area of the district is 1,163.06 km2, population was 61,966 (January 1, 2012), and population density 53 persons per km2. Administrative center of the district is Kitzbühel.
United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force
The United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force (UN ICT TF) was a multi-stakeholder initiative associated with the United Nations which is "intended to lend a truly global dimension to the multitude of efforts to bridge the global digital divide, foster digital opportunity and thus firmly put ICT at the service of development for all".

Global digital divide
The global digital divide describes global disparities, primarily between developed and developing countries, in regards to access to computing and information resources such as the Internet and the opportunities derived from such access.

The Internet is expanding very quickly, and not all countries—especially developing countries—can keep up with the constant changes. The term "digital divide" does not necessarily mean that someone does not have technology; it could mean that there is simply a difference in technology.  These differences can refer to, for example, high-quality computers, fast Internet, technical assistance, or telephone services.
Marriage Act 1994
The Marriage Act 1994 (c. 34) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Introduced as a private member's bill by Gyles Brandreth, it amended the Marriage Act 1949 to allow civil marriages to be solemnized in certain "approved premises". Prior to the act, marriage ceremonies could only be conducted in churches and register offices. "Approved premises", for the purpose of the Act, include publicly available premises which are "readily identifiable" as marriage venues, support the "dignity of marriage", and do not have any official connections with any religion or religious institution. The majority of these approved premises are hotels, as well as stately homes, restaurants, and leisure clubs. The Act also allows couples to marry in registration districts in which neither member of the couple resides.

Following the passage of the Act, the proportion of civil marriages performed in approved premises in the United Kingdom increased from 1% of all marriages in 1995 to 6% in 1997.

Marriage Act 1949
The Marriage Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6. c. 76) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom regulating marriages in England and Wales.

The act had prohibited solemnising marriages during evenings and at night. Since the Marriage Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 85) it had been forbidden to marry between the hours of six in the evening and eight in the morning. This prohibition was repealed on 1 October 2012.

The act was the first act to be enacted under the Consolidation of Enactments (Procedure) Act 1949 (12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6. c. 33).