hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sydney Skaife
Sydney Harold Skaife ('Stacey') D.Sc. FRSSAf. (12 December 1889 – 6 November 1976) was an eminent South African entomologist and naturalist. His career and educational publications covered a wide field. Especially in his later years his main research interest was in social insects and the transitional phases in sociality, particularly in the Hymenoptera and Isoptera. He wrote detective novels using the pseudoynm Hendrik Brand.

He was also a school inspector, prolific author of scientific and popular books, broadcaster, and conservationist. Of his many achievements his greatest was probably his leading role in the creation of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve between Cape Town and Cape Point. He lived for most of his life in Hout Bay on the Cape Peninsula.

Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science
The Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science (S2A3 or S2A3) is a learned society, originally known as the South African Association for the Advancement of Science (SAAAS). Established in 1902, its principal aim is to increase the public awareness and understanding of science, engineering and technology, and their role in society, by means of various awards and by communicating the nature, processes, ethics, and excitement of science. Membership is open to all.
Zettlr
Zettlr is a free and open-source note-taking application that works with Markdown files. Files may be exported and imported from a variety of different formats using an integration with Pandoc, whilst integration with reference managers allows for insertion of citations into documents. Internal links may be created between notes, which can be visualised as a graph, enabling its use as a personal information management system or digital Zettelkasten. The name Zettlr is derived from the German word Zettel meaning 'note'.

Pandoc
Pandoc is a free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was created by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
FROG
In cryptography, FROG is a block cipher authored by 
Georgoudis, Leroux and Chaves. The algorithm can work with any block size between 8 and 128 bytes, and supports key sizes between 5 and 125 bytes. The algorithm consists of 8 rounds and has a very complicated key schedule.

It was submitted in 1998 by TecApro, a Costa Rican software company, to the AES competition as a candidate to become the Advanced Encryption Standard. Wagner et al. (1999) found a number of weak key classes for FROG. Other problems included very slow key setup and relatively slow encryption. FROG was not selected as a finalist.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Izdebno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Izdebno [izˈdɛbnɔ] (German: Justinenthal) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Siemyśl, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Siemyśl, 16 km (10 mi) south of Kołobrzeg, and 95 km (59 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Siemyśl
Siemyśl [ˈɕɛmɨɕl] (German Simötzel) is a village in Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Siemyśl. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south of Kołobrzeg and 93 km (58 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 510.
Kosmos 2476
Kosmos 2476 (Russian: Космос 2476 meaning Cosmos 2476) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2011 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2475 and Kosmos 2477.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M, and is numbered Uragan-M No. 744.

Kosmos 2475/6/7 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-M carrier rocket with a Briz-M upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 16:51 UTC on 4 November 2011. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2011-064A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 37867.

It is in the first orbital plane of the GLONASS constellation, in orbital slot 3. It started operations on 8 December 2011.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Landfill tax
A landfill tax or levy is a form of tax that is applied in some countries to increase the cost of landfill. The tax is typically levied in units of currency per unit of weight or volume (£/t, €/t, $/yard³). The tax is in addition to the overall cost of landfill and forms a proportion of the gate fee.

Landfill Directive
The Landfill Directive, more formally Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999, is a European Union directive which regulates waste management of landfills in the European Union. It was to be implemented by EU Member States by 16 July 2001. Directive (EU) 2018/850 amended the 1999 directive with effect from 5 July 2020.

The Directive's overall aim is "to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects on the environment, in particular the pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil and air, and on the global environment, including the greenhouse effect, as well as any resulting risk to human health, from the landfilling of waste, during the whole life-cycle of the landfill". This legislation also has important implications for waste handling and waste disposal.
Diane Claridge
Diane Elaine Claridge (born 1 November 1963) is a Bahamian mammalogist most known for her work on beaked whales. She founded the Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organization and is a director of Friends of the Environment in Abaco.

Blainville's beaked whale
Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris), or the dense-beaked whale, is believed to be the widest ranging mesoplodont whale. The French zoologist Henri de Blainville first described the species in 1817 from a small piece of jaw—the heaviest bone he had ever come across—which resulted in the name densirostris (Latin for "dense beak"). Off the northeastern Bahamas, the animals are particularly well documented, and a photo identification project started sometime after 2002.
2023 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 2023 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison as a member of the West Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Badgers were led by first-year head coach Luke Fickell. The team played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison, Wisconsin.

Camp Randall Stadium
Camp Randall Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Madison, Wisconsin, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin. It has been the home of the Wisconsin Badgers football team in rudimentary form since 1895, and as a fully functioning stadium since 1917. It is the oldest and seventh-largest stadium in the Big Ten Conference.
The field has a conventional north–south alignment at an approximate elevation of 880 feet (270 m) above sea level.
Zhang Hanying
Zhang Hanying (Chinese: 張漢英; 1872–1915) was a significant activist in China's women's movement in the early Republican period. Born to a prominent family, she was able to access an education, and she promoted women's suffrage in China, working with the Seventh Conference of All Nation's Women's Suffrage in 1913 and the Women's Suffrage Alliance.

Tang Qunying
Tang Qunying (Chinese: 唐群英; 8 December 1871 – 3 June 1937) was the first female member of the Tongmenghui (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance), a secret society and underground resistance movement founded in Tokyo, Japan by Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren in 1905. Tang has been cited as one of the "best-known women activists in modern Chinese history".

She was chairwoman of the Women's Suffrage Alliance, an organization created by the merger of the Nanjing Women's Alliance, the Women's Backup Society, the Women's Martial Spirit Society, and the Women's Suffrage Comrades' Alliance in 1912. In 1913, she founded Women’s Rights Daily, Hunan's first newspaper for women.

For her contributions in overthrowing the ruling dynasty in China, Sun Yat-sen personally met her and acclaimed her work and then she was awarded a second-class Order of the Precious Brilliant Golden Grain.
Ateneo de Davao University
The Ateneo de Davao University (AdDU; Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Davao) is a private Catholic basic and higher education institution in Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines. It is run by the Philippine Jesuit Province.

The university has five undergraduate schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Governance, the School of Engineering and Architecture, the School of Education, and the School of Nursing. The aforementioned schools also run the graduate programs. The College of Law is a separate unit within the university.

The university also runs a grade school and both a junior high and senior high school.

The university was granted "Institutional Accreditation" by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities, an honour only granted to six universities. It also received an autonomous status from the Philippine Commission on Higher Education.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Off-side rule
The off-side rule describes syntax of a computer programming language that defines the bounds of a code block via indentation.

The term was coined by Peter Landin, possibly as a pun on the offside law in association football.

An off-side rule language is contrasted with a free-form language in which indentation has no syntactic meaning, and indentation is strictly a matter of style.

An off-side rule language is also described as having significant indentation.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
Lissocampus fatiloquus
Lissocampus fatiloquus, also known as prophet's pipefish is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae. The species has been noted in a variety of habitats including sargassum, seagrass beds and sandy substrates along the coast of Western Australia from Shark Bay to Rottnest Island. Their diet is thought to consist of small crustaceans such as copepods. Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity in which the males brood eggs before giving live birth.

Syngnathidae
The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx). The family name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the entire family have in common.
Kawagoe Castle
Kawagoe Castle (川越城, Kawagoe-jō) is a flatland Japanese castle in the city of Kawagoe, in Japan's Saitama Prefecture. It is the closest castle to Tokyo to be accessible to visitors, as Edo castle is now the Imperial palace, and largely inaccessible.

Edo Castle
Edo Castle (江戸城, Edo-jō) is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. In modern times it is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace  in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is therefore also known as Chiyoda Castle (千代田城, Chiyoda-jō).
Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate there, and it was the residence of the shōgun and the headquarters of the military government during the Edo period (1603–1867) in Japanese history. After the resignation of the shōgun and the Meiji Restoration, it became the Tokyo Imperial Palace. Some moats, walls and ramparts of the castle survive to this day. However, the grounds were more extensive during the Edo period, with Tokyo Station and the Marunouchi section of the city lying within the outermost moat. It also encompassed Kitanomaru Park, the Nippon Budokan Hall and other current landmarks of the surrounding area.
Ottó Komoly
Ottó Komoly (also known as Nathan Zeev Kohn) (26 March 1892 – 1 January 1945)  was a Hungarian Jewish engineer, officer, Zionist, and humanitarian leader in Hungary. He is credited with saving thousands of Jewish children during the German occupation of Budapest in World War II. He was called a pacifier and unifier by nature by Randolph Braham who did everything possible to put an end to the perennial conflicts within and among the various Zionist groups and organizations..

Arrow Cross Party
The Arrow Cross Party was a far-right Hungarian ultranationalist party led by Ferenc Szálasi, which formed a government in Hungary they named the Government of National Unity. They were in power from 15 October 1944 to 28 March 1945. During its short rule, ten to fifteen thousand civilians were murdered, including many Jews and Romani, and 80,000 people were deported from Hungary to concentration camps in Austria. After the war, the Arrow Cross leaders were tried and found guilty as war criminals by Hungarian courts.  In March 1946, Szálasi and three of his key henchmen were hanged.
Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)
Piglet is a fictional character from A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh books. Piglet is Winnie‑the‑Pooh's closest friend amongst all the toys and animals featured in the stories. Although he is a "Very Small Animal" of a generally timid disposition, he tries to be brave and on occasion conquers his fears.

E. H. Shepard
Ernest Howard Shepard OBE MC (10 December 1879 – 24 March 1976) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is known especially for illustrations of the anthropomorphic animal and soft toy characters in The Wind in the Willows and Winnie-the-Pooh.

Shepard's original 1926 illustrated map of the Hundred Acre Wood, which features in the opening pages of Winnie-the-Pooh (and also appears in the opening animation in the first Disney adaptation in 1966), sold for £430,000 ($600,000) at Sotheby's in London, setting a world record for book illustrations.
Andainette
The Andainette (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dɛnɛt]) is a river in the department of Orne, in the Normandy region, France. It is a left tributary of the Varenne, thus a sub-tributary of the river Loire via the Mayenne and Maine. It is 12.5 km (7.8 mi) long, and has a catchment area of 41 km2 (16 sq mi). The valleys of the Andainette and its tributaries are protected as a Natura 2000 site called Bassin de l'Andainette.

Maine (river)
The Maine (French pronunciation: [mɛːn] ⓘ) is a river, a tributary of the Loire, 11.5 km (7.1 mi) long, in the Maine-et-Loire département in France.

It is formed by the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe rivers north of Angers. It flows through this city and joins the Loire southwest of Angers.

The river's name is derived from the ancient Meodena, as is Mayenne, and is unrelated to Maine, the province.
Toyo Seikan
Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd. (東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社, Tōyō Seikan Gurūpu Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (formerly known as Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd.) is a Japan-based packaging container manufacturing company.

It became a holding company in 2013, taking the name Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd. As of March 2013, the company has 78 subsidiary and nine affiliate companies. It is listed on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Securities Exchange and was a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), abbreviated as Tosho (東証) or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan.

The exchange is owned by Japan Exchange Group (JPX), a holding company that it also lists (TYO: 8697), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (now Osaka Exchange, Inc.); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.
Proxipyricularia zingiberis
Proxipyricularia zingiberis is a fungus that was originally found in Japan growing on the leaves of ginger plants, Zingiber mioga and Zingiber officinale, in 1917, when it was described as Pyricularia zingiberis. P. zingiberis is a member of plant pathogenic fungi that predominantly affect monocotyledon plants, including ginger. Ginger is a valuable tropical crop used for spices, medicinal purposes, and consumption across the world, making P. zingiberis a concerning pathogenic agent.

Pyricularia zingiberis was reclassified using advanced molecular techniques in 2014 as Proxipyricularia zingiberis, which is an evolutionary lineage that is genetically distinct from its previous classification, though morphologically similar. This distinction was made in an effort to resolve the polyphyletic nature of the genus Pyricularia after molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Pyricularia
Pyricularia is a genus of fungi which was named by Saccardo in 1880.

The polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia has been resolved and species of Pyricularia s. str. were shown to belong to a monophyletic clade (including Pyricularia grisea isolates), defining the family Pyriculariaceae.
Museo Abel Santamaría Cuadrado
Museo Abel Santamaría Cuadrado is a museum located in the old Saturnino Lora Hospital, Santiago de Cuba. It was established on July 26, 1973. It holds pictures and documents about 1953 events, the Moncada Barracks assault and the October 16th Fidel Castro trial. It is named after Abel Santamaría Cuadrado.

Attack on the Moncada Barracks
The Moncada Barracks were military barracks in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba named after General Guillermo Moncada, a hero of the Cuban War of Independence. On 26 July 1953, the barracks was the site of an armed attack by a small group of revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro. That day a simultaneous attack was carried out on the Carlos M. de Cespedes Barracks in Bayamo directed by Raúl Martínez Ararás by order of Castro. The attack failed and the surviving revolutionaries were imprisoned. This armed attack is widely accepted as the beginning of the Cuban Revolution. The date on which the attack took place, 26 July, was adopted by Castro as the name for his revolutionary movement, Movimiento 26 Julio (abbreviated as M-26-7), which eventually toppled the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista on 1 January 1959.
Newsgroup spam
Newsgroup spam is a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups. Usenet convention defines spamming as excessive multiple posting, i.e. repeated posting of a message or similar messages to newsgroups. The spam may be commercial advertisements, opinionated messages, malicious files, or nonsensical posts designed to disrupt the newsgroups. A type of newsgroup spam is sporgery which is intended to make the targeted newsgroups unreadable. The prevalence of Usenet spam led to the development of the Breidbart Index as an objective measure of a message's "spamminess", and attempts to purge newsgroups of spam.

System administrator
An IT administrator, system administrator, sysadmin, or admin is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems, especially multi-user computers, such as servers. The system administrator seeks to ensure that the uptime, performance, resources, and security of the computers they manage meet the needs of the users, without exceeding a set budget when doing so.

To meet these needs, a system administrator may acquire, install, or upgrade computer components and software; provide routine automation; maintain security policies; troubleshoot; train or supervise staff; or offer technical support for projects.
Wensley Bond
Wensley Bond (1742–1820) was an Irish Anglican priest in the second half of the 18th century and the first two decades of the 19th.

Bond was born in County Longford and educated at Trinity College, Dublin
 He held livings at Sligo and Clough. He was Dean of Ross from 1743 until 1772. Bond was also Prebendary of Termonbarry in Elphin Cathedral from 1774 to 1775. and Treasurer of Ferns Cathedral from 1776 until his death.

Dean of Ross, Ireland
The Dean of Ross is based at the Cathedral Church of St. Fachtna in Rosscarbery in the Diocese of Ross within the united bishopric of Cork, Cloyne and Ross of the Church of Ireland.

The incumbent is Cliff Jeffers.
Renault R.S.16
The Renault R.S.16 (originally known as Lotus E24 Hybrid) was a Formula One racing car designed by the Renault Sport Formula One Team to compete in the 2016 Formula One season, and marked Renault's return to the sport as a constructor after a five-year absence. The Renault R.S.16 was also the first Renault-badged turbocharged car to compete in the sport since Renault RE60 in 1985 and also first Enstone-based car to utilize the Total fuels and lubricants since Lotus E22 in 2014.

Kevin Magnussen and Jolyon Palmer were the race team drivers, whilst Esteban Ocon was the reserve driver. Pastor Maldonado, originally confirmed as a regular driver, lost his seat shortly before the start of the season because his sponsor PDVSA had run into financial difficulties due to falling oil prices.

Renault RE60
The Renault RE60 was a Formula One car designed by Bernard Dudot and Jean-Claude Migeot and was raced by the Renault team in the 1985 season. The cars were driven by Patrick Tambay and Derek Warwick who had also driven for the team in 1984.

This was the only Renault Formula One car run on Goodyear tyres and also the last Renault Formula One car until their return in 2002.