hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)
Thekla (Greek: Θέκλα; early 820s or 830s – after 870), Latinized as Thecla, was a princess of the Amorian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire. The eldest child of Byzantine emperor Theophilos and empress Theodora, she was proclaimed augusta in the late 830s. After Theophilos's death in 842 and her mother becoming regent for Thekla's younger brother, Michael III, Thekla was associated with the regime as co-empress alongside Theodora and Michael.

Thekla was deposed by Michael III, possibly alongside her mother, in 856 and consigned to a convent in Constantinople. Some time later, she allegedly returned to imperial affairs and became the mistress of Michael's friend and co-emperor Basil I. After Basil murdered Michael in 867 and took power as the sole emperor, Thekla was neglected as his mistress and she took another lover, John Neatokometes. Once Basil found out about the affair, Thekla fell out of favor, was beaten, and had her property confiscated.

George Ostrogorsky
George Alexandrovich Ostrogorsky (Russian: Георгий Александрович Острогорский, romanized: Georgiy Aleksandrovich Ostrogorskiy; Serbian: Георгије Александрович Острогорски, Georgije Aleksandrovič Ostrogorski; 19 January 1902 – 24 October 1976) was a Russian-born Yugoslav historian and Byzantinist who was widely known for his achievements in Byzantine studies. He was a professor at the University of Belgrade.
Nonionoidea
Nonionoidea or Nonionacea is a superfamily of protists within the foraminiferal order Rotaliida that unites the families Nonionidae, Spirotectintidae, and Almaenidae; characterized by tests commonly of perforate hyaline oblique calcite, usually appearing optically granular.

Rotaliida
The Rotaliida are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilamellar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular.

In form, rotaliid tests are  typically enrolled, but may be reduced to biserial or uniserial, or may be encrusting with proliferated chambers. Chambers may be simple or subdivided by secondary partitions; the surface is smooth, papillate, costate, striate, or cancellate; the aperture is simple or with an internal toothplate, entosolenian tube, or hemicylindrical structure; it may have an internal canal or stolen systems.

Rotaliids are primarily oceanic benthos, although some are common in shallower estuarine waters.  They also include many important fossils, such as the nummulitids.
Serdyuk
A serdyuk (Ukrainian: сердюк, pl. serdyuky) was a member of mercenary infantry units kept by the Hetman's Zaporozhian Host during the second half of the 17th century and the first quarter of the 18th century. They formed the Hetman's guard and were recruited mainly from the Ukrainian population of the Cossack Hetmanate and Zaporozhian Sich. The average serdyuk regiment consisted of 400–500 soldiers. They served at the border and inside the country, and guarded the Hetman's residence. By a decree of the Russian Tsar dated July 14, 1726, the existing serdyuk units were disbanded.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Red Data Girl
Red Data Girl (RDG レッドデータガール, Ārudījī Reddo Dēta Gāru) is a series of fantasy novels written by Noriko Ogiwara. Six volumes have been released. The first volume was published by Kadokawa Shoten in 2008, while the last was published in 2012. The manga adaptation, illustrated by Ranmaru Kotone and published by Kadokawa Shoten, was serialized between 2012 and 2014. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by P.A. Works aired between April and June 2013.

Yamabushi
Yamabushi (山伏, one who prostrates oneself on the mountain) are Japanese mountain ascetic hermits. They are generally part of the syncretic shugendō religion, which includes Tantric Buddhism and Shinto.

Their origins can be traced back to the solitary yamabito (wild hill people) and some hijiri (聖) (wandering Buddhist renunciants) of the eighth and ninth centuries.

According to American writer Frederik L. Schodt:

These positively medieval-looking nature worshipers carry metal staves and conch shells and wear straw sandals and sometimes a hemp cloth over-robe with the Heart Sutra written on it. They follow a mixture of esoteric or tantric Buddhism mixed with Shinto, the native animistic religion of Japan.
History of Zhengzhou
The history of Zhengzhou, a city that is today the provincial capital of Henan Province, China, spans over 10,000 years from its beginnings as a Neolithic settlement to its emergence as a trading port during the final years of the Qing dynasty.

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
Cryophorus
A cryophorus is a glass container containing liquid water and water vapor. It is used in physics courses to demonstrate rapid freezing by evaporation. A typical cryophorus has a bulb at one end connected to a tube of the same material at the other end. When the liquid water is manipulated into the bulbed end, and the other end is submerged into a freezing mixture (such as liquid nitrogen),  the gas pressure drops as it is cooled.  The liquid water begins to evaporate, producing more water vapor. Evaporation causes the water to cool rapidly to its freezing point and it solidifies suddenly.

Wollaston's cryophorus was a precursor to the modern heat pipe.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Abbakka Chowta
Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to Jainism. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty, an indigenous Tuluva dynasty who ruled over parts of coastal Karnataka (Tulu Nadu), India. Their capital was Puttige. The port town of Ullal served as their subsidiary capital. The Portuguese made several attempts to capture Ullal as it was strategically placed. But Abbakka repulsed each of their attacks for over four decades. For her bravery, she came to be known as Abhaya Rani (The fearless queen). She was also one of the earliest Indians to fight European colonialism and is sometimes regarded as the 'first woman freedom fighter of India'. In the state of Karnataka, she is celebrated along with Rani Kittur Chennamma, Keladi Chennamma, Rani Chennabhairadevi and  Onake Obavva, as the foremost women warriors and patriots.

Tulu people
The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore, and Udupi in Karnataka, part of Kasaragod district in Kerala, with Mangalore, Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.
Nathan Gardner
Nathan Gardner (born 7 March 1990), also known by the nickname of "Gards", is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who has played in the 2000s and 2010s. He has played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, usually as a fullback, but also as a wing. He previously played for the Parramatta Eels Toyota Cup (Under-20s) team and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. He made his National Rugby League (NRL) premiership début in the 2010 season against the Penrith Panthers.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
1999 Kyalami Superbike World Championship round
The 1999 Kyalami Superbike World Championship round was the opening round of the 1999 Superbike World Championship season and the 1999 Supersport World Championship season. It took place on the weekend of 26–28 March 1999 at the 4.26 km Kyalami Circuit in South Africa. The round was marred by the death of Brett MacLeod after a crash in the Supersport race.

1999 Superbike World Championship
The 1999 Superbike World Championship was the twelfth FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 28 March at Kyalami and finished on 10 October at Sugo after 13 rounds.

Carl Fogarty won the riders' championship, his fourth and final, and Ducati won the manufacturers' championship.
Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), also known as the Nazareth River, some 1,200 km (750 mi) long, is the principal river of Gabon in west-central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Kasai and Niger. Its watershed drains nearly the entire country of Gabon, with some tributaries reaching into the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea.

Kasai River
The Kasai River (Swahili: Mto Kasai, French: Kasaï [ka.sa.i]; called Cassai in Angolan Portuguese) is a left bank tributary of the Congo River, located in Central Africa. The river begins in central Angola and flows to the east until it reaches the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it turns north and serves as the border until it flows into the DRC. From Ilebo, between the confluences with Lulua river and Sankuru river, the Kasai river turns to a westerly direction. The lower stretch of the river, from the confluence with Fimi river until it joins the Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa, is also known as the Kwa(h) River.

The Kasai basin consists mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, which provide an agricultural land in a region noted for its infertile, sandy soil. It is a tributary of Congo river and diamonds are found in it. Around 60% of diamonds in Belgium go from Kasai river for cutting and shaping.
Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.

Ritual purification
Ritual purification is a ritual prescribed by a religion through which a person is considered to be freed of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move humans away from disgust (at one extreme), to uplift them towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme), away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior (within one's cultural context).
Electoral history of John A. Macdonald
This article is the Electoral history of Sir John A. Macdonald, the first prime minister of Canada (1867 to 1873;  1878 to 1891).

A Conservative, he was Canada's second longest-serving prime minister, with two separate terms as prime minister (1867–1873, 1878–1891).  He won six general elections and lost one.  He died in office in 1891, three months after his sixth general election victory, and was succeeded by Sir John Abbott.

Prior to Confederation in 1867, Macdonald was a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and served three terms as joint premier of the Province.

Kingston (federal electoral district)
Kingston was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925 and from 1953 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867, and initially consisted of the city of Kingston, Ontario. In 1903, it was expanded to include the village of Portsmouth.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Kingston City riding.

In 1952, a new Kingston riding was created from Kingston City and parts of Frontenac—Addington ridings. It consisted of the city of Kingston and the townships of Pittsburg, Storrington, Kingston, Howe Island, and Wolfe Island (including Simcoe Island, Horse Shoe Island, and Mud Island) in the county of Frontenac.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Frontenac—Lennox and Addington and Kingston and the Islands ridings.
Isao Takagi
Isao Takagi (高木 功, Takagi Isao; born November 8, 1961) who goes by the ring name Arashi (嵐), is a Japanese professional wrestler from Moriguchi, Osaka Prefecture, who works for Dradition. He has previously worked for All Japan Pro Wrestling.

World Tag Team Championship (AJPW)
The World Tag Team Championship (世界タッグ王座, sekai taggu ōza) is a professional wrestling World tag team championship in Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling. It was created on June 10, 1988 as a unification of two previous tag team titles in All Japan; the PWF Tag Team Championship, and the NWA International Tag Team Championship; when the PWF champions Jumbo Tsuruta and Yoshiaki Yatsu defeated NWA champions The Road Warriors. As with the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship, it is symbolized by four belts, two for each wrestler, representing the former PWF and NWA titles. It is currently the top of two tag team titles in AJPW, along with the secondary All Asia Tag Team Championship.

There have been a total of 103 reigns shared between 68 different teams consisting of 75 distinctive champions. The current champions are Titans Of Calamity (Ren Ayabe and Talos) who are in their first reign as a team.
Exmouth RFC
Exmouth Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team based at the Imperial Recreation Ground in Exmouth, Devon. The club runs four senior teams and a ladies side as well as the full range of junior boys teams and girls teams at three age levels. The first XV plays in the Regional 1 South West, the fifth tier of the English rugby union league system.

Cornwall/Devon League
Cornwall/Devon League (known as Tribute Cornwall/Devon League for sponsorship reasons) was an English level eight, rugby union league for clubs principally based in Cornwall and Devon. Following the reorganisation of the English rugby union leagues in 2022, the league was replaced by two level eight leagues based in Cornwall and Devon. The Pirates Amateurs won the last competition in season 2021–22 and were promoted to Counties 1 Western West
Rheinmetall MG 60
The Rheinmetall MG60 is a general-purpose machine gun of West German origin. The weapon is a post-World War II derivative of the MG 45 experimental general-purpose machine gun.

The former owner of the Metall und Lackierwarenfabrik Johannes Großfuß AG (Metal and lacquer ware factory Johannes Großfuß corporation) and boss of MG 42 and MG 45 chief designer Werner Gruner had fled to the West after World War II also held all the essential MG 42 patents and became a consultant for Rheinmetall in West Germany. There Johannes Großfuß headed machine gun production in Düsseldorf-Derendorf and was probably also significantly involved in the development of the MG 60. After World War II Werner Gruner worked in the Soviet Union and later in East Germany, and was not involved in the development of this general-purpose machine gun. The MG 60 is lighter in weight and has a significant lower cyclic rate of fire compared to the MG 42 and MG 45 and has an unusual trigger guard.

General-purpose machine gun
A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is an air-cooled, usually belt-fed machine gun that can be adapted flexibly to various tactical roles for light and medium machine guns. A GPMG typically features a quick-change barrel design calibered for various fully powered cartridges such as the 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×54mmR, 7.5×54mm French, 7.5×55mm Swiss and 7.92×57mm Mauser, and be configured for mounting to different stabilizing platforms from bipods and tripods to vehicles, aircraft, boats and fortifications, usually as an infantry support weapon or squad automatic weapon.
Enguserosambu
Enguserosambu is an administrative ward in the Ngorongoro District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 67.69 km2 (26.14 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 2,109 m (6,919 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 1,521.

Ngorongoro District, Arusha
Ngorongoro District (Wilaya ya Ngorongoro, in Swahili) is one of seven districts in western Arusha Region of Tanzania. The district is bordered to the north by Kenya, to the east by Monduli District, the northeast by Longido District, and to the south by the Karatu District. The western border is the Serengeti District in Mara Region. Ngorongoro District is home to the Ngorongoro Crater and was named after it. It covers an area of 14,036 km2 (5,419 sq mi).  The district is comparable in size to the land area of Timor Leste. The administrative seat is the town of Loliondo. The district is home to the Ngorongoro Conservation Area which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The district is also home to the third tallest mountain in the country, Mount Loolmalasin. According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Ngorongoro Region was 129,776. By 2012, the population of the district was 174,278. By 2022, the population had grown to 273,549.
Pseudosynagelides
Pseudosynagelides is a spider genus of the jumping spider family, Salticidae.

The genera Agorius and Synagelides (and perhaps Pseudosynagelides) are separated as a genus group, sometimes called subfamily Agoriinae but more recently downranked to tribe Agoriini of the Salticoida clade in subfamily Salticinae.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Interchalcogen
The chalcogens react with each other to form interchalcogen compounds.

Although no chalcogen is extremely electropositive, nor quite as electronegative as the halogen fluorine (the most electronegative element), there is a large difference in electronegativity between the top (oxygen = 3.44 — the second most electronegative element after fluorine) and bottom (polonium = 2.0) of the group. Combined with the fact that there is a significant trend towards increasing metallic behaviour while descending the group (oxygen is a gaseous nonmetal, while polonium is a silvery post-transition metal), this causes the interchalcogens to display many different kinds of bonding: covalent, ionic, metallic, and semimetallic.

Selenium disulfide
Selenium disulfide, also known as selenium sulfide, is a chemical compound and medication used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and pityriasis versicolor. It is applied to the affected area as a lotion or shampoo. Symptoms frequently return if treatment is stopped.

Side effects may include hair discoloration, skin irritation, and risk of systemic absorption and toxicity, among others. Use is not recommended in children less than 2–5 years old. Use in pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been studied. It consists of a mixture of inorganic covalent compounds having an approximate empirical formulas of SeS2. Selenium disulfide acts as a keratolytic and antifungal agent.

Selenium disulfide was approved for medical use in the United States at least as early as 1951. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Selenium disulfide is available as a generic medication and over the counter.