hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seven Member Rule
The Seven Member Rule (House) / Five Member Rule (Senate) in the United States Congress is an important, but seldom used statute that allows members from the legislature's oversight committees to compel offices within the executive branch to release information. This is a "checks and balances" measure to allow effective oversight. In the Senate it is commonly referred as the "rule of five". On September 6, 1966, Congress updated the law. On November 2, 1994, Congress again updated the law.

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Kessingland Lifeboat Station
Kessingland Lifeboat Station was primarily located at the north end of Church Lane in Kessingland, a village approx 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Lowestoft, on the Suffolk coast.

A lifeboat was first placed at Kessingland by the local boatmen in 1855. Operations by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) began in 1867.

After 81 years of operation, Kessingland Lifeboat Station closed in 1936.

Norfolk and Suffolk-class lifeboat
Norfolk and Suffolk-class lifeboats were a class of lifeboat operated almost exclusively off the coast of East Anglia. The first boats found favour with the various rescue societies, such as the Norfolk Shipwreck Association and the Suffolk Humane Society, as well as companies of Boatmen, such as the Gorleston Rangers, before being adopted and continued by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).
Hermenegildo Galeana
Hermenegildo Galeana  (13 April 1762 – 27 June 1814) was a hero of the Mexican War of Independence, one of six brothers who fought in the insurgency. Galeana was considered the right-hand man of secular priest and leader of independence, José María Morelos and was the immediate superior of insurgent fighter Vicente Guerrero. Galeana's family were landholders and "family name is said to be hispanicized from English", with the founder in Mexico being an English pirate who jumped ship, marrying a local woman.  His portrait shows him as light-complected in a region with many dark morenos. Galeana died in battle, which followed the earlier death of Morelos's lieutenant, Father Mariano Matamoros, Morelos reportedly exclaimed, "I have lost both my arms, now I am nothing."

There are several places in Mexico named Galeana after the general.

Mariano Matamoros
Mariano Matamoros y Guridi (August 14, 1770 – February 3, 1814) was a Mexican priest and revolutionary rebel soldier of the Mexican War of Independence, who fought for independence against Spain in the early 19th century.
Penan people
The Penan are a nomadic indigenous people living in Sarawak and Brunei, although there is only one small community in Brunei; among those in Brunei half have been converted to Islam, even if only superficially. Penan are one of the last such peoples remaining as hunters and gatherers. The Penan are noted for their practice of 'molong' which means never taking more than necessary. The originally animistic hunter gatherers Penan were Christianised by missionaries of the Borneo Evangelical Mission and were baptised and settled.  They eat plants, which are also used as medicines, and animals and use the hides, skin, fur, and other parts for clothing and shelter.

Dayak people
The Dayak (/ˈdaɪ.ək/ ⓘ; older spelling: Dajak), Dyak, Dayuh or Dayaknese, are the Austronesian ethnic groups native of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. The Dayak were animist (Kaharingan and Folk Hindus) in belief; however, since the 19th century there has been mass conversion to Christianity and to Islam.
Pat Lam
Patrick Richard Lam (born 29 September 1968) is a rugby union coach and former player.  He is currently Director of Rugby at Bristol Bears in England's Premiership Rugby.

Born in New Zealand, he represented New Zealand in schools and under-21 rugby. He played for Auckland, North Harbour, Crusaders, Newcastle Falcons and Northampton Saints. He also won 25 caps for Samoa, including at the 1991, 1995 and 1999 World Cups. His usual position was number 8.

Since retiring as a player he has coached teams including Auckland and Connacht.

1997–98 Premiership 1
The 1997–98 Premiership 1 was the eleventh season of the top tier of the English rugby union league system, currently known as Premiership Rugby, and the first to be sponsored by Allied Dunbar, having previously been sponsored by Courage Brewery. The end of the previous season had seen a wide scale restructuring of the old league system, with the two leagues (formerly National Division 1 and 2) being renamed as Premiership 1 and Premiership 2, with Allied Dunbar agreeing to sponsor the top two divisions for £7,500,000. Wasps were defending champions and Richmond and Newcastle Falcons the promoted sides.

Newly promoted Newcastle Falcons finished as league champions for the first time in their history, just one point clear of runners up Saracens. Only one side was relegated this season, with Bristol enduring a nightmare season and dropping down to the 1998–99 Premiership 2, in what would be their first season outside of the top flight since the leagues began.
Pangaea (album)
Pangaea is a live album by American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader Miles Davis. It was originally released as a double album in 1976 by CBS/Sony in Japan.

Recorded during Davis' electric period, the album captures the second of two concerts he performed on February 1, 1975, at Osaka's Festival Hall. As with the first concert (captured on the 1975 album Agharta), Davis led a band featuring guitarists Pete Cosey and Reggie Lucas, saxophonist Sonny Fortune, bassist Michael Henderson, drummer Al Foster, and percussionist James Mtume.

Paul Tingen
Paul Tingen is a Dutch-born music writer. Tingen wrote Miles Beyond: The Electric Explorations of Miles Davis, 1967–1991, published in 2001. He has a monthly column in Sound on Sound magazine, and he writes music articles for other publications.
Hashmat Khan Lake
Hashmat Khan Lake (Pashto: کول حشمت‌ خان), also known as Hashmat Khan Park, and locally as Kol-e Hashmat Khan or Qala-e Hashmat Khan, is a waterfowl sanctuary and protected area located in Kabul, Afghanistan. The lake or wetland is in the middle of a residential area next to Bala Hissar and to the south of Chaman-e-Hozori, Ghazi Stadium and Id Gah Mosque. To the west is the ancient Narenj Hill.

Chaman-e-Hozori
Chaman-i Hazouri (Dari: چمن حضوری) or Hazoori Chaman (Pashto: حضوري چمن) is a park in downtown Kabul, Afghanistan. It is the site of the famous Chaman Hazouri hoard (or Kabul hoard) of ancient coins and jewellery dating back to the Achaemenid Empire (c.550–330 BCE), which is of key interest to the historians.
Ardigon
Ardigon (from Irish  Ard an Ghabhann 'height of the smith') is a rural townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has an area of 484.5 acres (1.961 km2). It is situated in the civil parish of Killyleagh and the historic barony of Dufferin, located 2 miles west of Killyleagh. It lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down District.

Killyleagh
Killyleagh (/kɪliˈleɪ/; from Irish Cill Ó Laoch, meaning 'church of the descendants of Laoch') is a village and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on the A22 road between Belfast and Downpatrick, on the western side of Strangford Lough. It had a population of 2,787 people in the 2021 Census. It is best known for its twelfth-century Killyleagh Castle. Killyleagh lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down district.
Nabeshima Motoshige
Nabeshima Motoshige (鍋島 元茂, Nabeshima Motoshige; November 24, 1602 – December 19, 1654) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo Period, who ruled the Ogi Domain.

He was the eldest son of Nabeshima Katsushige, the first lord of Saga Domain. Although he was the eldest son of Nabeshima clan, he was displaced in the line of succession for Saga Domain by his younger half-brother, Tadanao, whose mother was a daughter of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, while his mother was a peasant woman named Oiwa. When his brother died, the office was succeeded by his nephew Mitsushige. He was a wise advisor to the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu and served as a chief retainer to Lord Nabeshima of Hizen.

In 1642, Ogi Domain was founded and Motoshige became its first daimyō.

He died in the third year of Jōō (1654), and his son, Naoyoshi, succeeded him.

Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光; 12 August 1604 – 8 June 1651) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the third shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who acted as his political adviser and was at the forefront of shogunate negotiations with the Imperial court. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651; during this period he crucified Christians, expelled all Europeans from Japan and closed the borders of the country, a foreign policy that continued for over 200 years after its institution.
1994–95 London Broncos season
The 1994–95 London Broncos season was the fifteenth in the club's history. It was their first season under the name of the London Broncos, following on from the London Crusaders and Fulham RLFC names. They competed in the 1994–95 Second Division of the Rugby Football League. They also competed in the 1994–95 Challenge Cup and the 1994–95 League Cup. They finished the season in 4th place in the second tier of British professional rugby league.

1994–95 Rugby Football League season
The 1994–95 Rugby Football League season was the 100th ever season of professional rugby league football in Britain. Sixteen teams competed from August 1994 until May 1995 for a number of titles, primarily the Stones Bitter Championship.
Dynamic stereochemistry
In chemistry, dynamic stereochemistry studies the effect of stereochemistry on the reaction rate of a chemical reaction. Stereochemistry is involved in:

stereospecific reactions

stereoselective or asymmetric reactions

racemisation processes

Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate (/reɪˈsiːmeɪt, rə-, ˈræsɪmeɪt/) is a mixture that has equal amounts (50:50) of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates.
Mękarzów
Mękarzów [mɛŋˈkaʐuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Moskorzew, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Moskorzew, 20 km (12 mi) south of Włoszczowa, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Moskorzew
Moskorzew [mɔsˈkɔʐɛf] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Moskorzew. It lies approximately 23 km (14 mi) south of Włoszczowa and 55 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Marty Peretz
Martin H. Peretz (/pəˈrɛts/; born December 6, 1938) is an American former magazine publisher and Harvard University assistant professor. In 1974, he purchased The New Republic and he later assumed editorial control of the magazine. In 1996, Peretz founded the financial news website TheStreet.com with CNBC host and hedge fund manager Jim Cramer.

Jack Shafer
Jack Shafer (born November 14, 1951) is an American journalist who wrote about media for Politico until June 2024. Prior to joining Politico, he worked for Reuters, wrote and edited for Slate, and edited two city weeklies, Washington City Paper and SF Weekly.

Much of Shafer's writing focuses on what he sees as a lack of precision and rigor in reporting by the mainstream media, which he says "thinks its duty is to keep you cowering in fright." He has frequently written about media coverage of the war on drugs.
Jaycut
JayCut was an internet based video editing software tool that along with competitors Jumpcut.com, Motionbox and Eyespot were the first to offer this Web 2.0 feature pioneered by Blackbird, later also added by YouTube through Adobe. Visitors edited directly in the web browser without downloading application software. In July 2011, Jaycut was acquired by Research in Motion. Subsequently, the free video editing service shut down on January 31, 2012.

Video editing software
Video editing software or a video editor is software used for performing the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analog video tape editing machines.

Video editing software serves a lot of purposes, such as filmmaking, audio commentary, and general editing of video content.

In NLE software, the user manipulates sections of video, images, and audio on a sequence. These clips can be trimmed, cut, and manipulated in many different ways. When editing is finished, the user exports the sequence as a video file.
Centre for Alternative Technology
The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) (Welsh: Canolfan y Dechnoleg Amgen) is a charity and eco-centre in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development. CAT, despite its name, no longer concentrates its efforts exclusively on alternative technology, but provides information on all aspects of sustainable living.

CAT is open to group visitors, offers postgraduate degrees as well as short courses, and publishes information on renewable energy, sustainable architecture, organic farming, gardening, and sustainable living. CAT also runs education programmes for schools and visiting universities, businesses, community groups and any other group who would benefit for a visit to CAT to explore sustainability education. CAT is a membership organisation with a large and engaged supporter base. CAT’s Clean Slate magazine is a quarterly update on CAT’s work and wider sustainability education.

Rammed earth
Rammed earth, also called pisé, is a technique for constructing foundations, floors, and walls using compacted natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or gravel. It is an ancient method that has been revived recently as a sustainable building method.

Pisé also refers to a material for sculptures, usually small and made in molds. It has been especially used in Central Asia and Tibetan art, and sometimes in China.

Edifices formed of rammed earth are found worldwide, in a range of environments including temperate, wet, semiarid desert, montane, and tropical regions. The availability of suitable soil and a building design appropriate for local climatic conditions are two factors that make its use favorable.
Postal address verification
Postal address verification (also known as address, address validation, address verification and CASS certification) is the process used to check the validity and deliverability of a physical mailing address. According to the United States Postal Service, an address is valid (or mailable) if it is CASS-certified, meaning that it exists within the comprehensive list of mailable addresses in their Address Management System. This is different from the credit card Address Verification System (AVS), which is the method used by credit card processors to authenticate ownership of a credit card by verifying that the account on the credit card matches the billing address on file. Credit card AVS does not determine deliverability of an address.

Address
An address is a collection of information, presented in a mostly fixed format, used to give the location of a building, apartment, or other structure or a plot of land, generally using political boundaries and street names as references, along with other identifiers such as house or apartment numbers and organization name. Some addresses also contain special codes, such as a postal code, to make identification easier and aid in the routing of mail.

Addresses provide a means of physically locating a building.  They are used in identifying buildings as the end points of a postal system and as parameters in statistics collection, especially in census-taking and the insurance industry. Address formats are different in different places, and unlike latitude and longitude coordinates, there is no simple mapping from an address to a location.
Mabel Walker Willebrandt
Mabel Walker Willebrandt (May 23, 1889 – April 6, 1963), popularly known to her contemporaries as the First Lady of Law, was an American lawyer who served as the United States Assistant Attorney General from 1921 to 1929, handling cases concerning violations of the Volstead Act, federal taxation, and the Bureau of Federal Prisons during the Prohibition era. For enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, the prohibition against the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, she also earned herself a nickname “Prohibition Portia”.

Volstead Act
The National Prohibition Act, known informally as the Volstead Act, was an act of the 66th United States Congress designed to execute the 18th Amendment (ratified January 1919) which established the prohibition of alcoholic drinks. The Anti-Saloon League's Wayne Wheeler conceived and drafted the bill, which was named after Andrew Volstead, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who managed the legislation.
Pennsylvania Attorney General
The Pennsylvania attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It became an elected office in 1980. The current attorney general is Republican Dave Sunday.

On August 15, 2016, then-attorney general Kathleen Kane was convicted of criminal charges, including conspiracy, perjury, and obstruction of justice, and announced her resignation the following day, effective August 17. Consequently, as the solicitor general, Bruce Castor assumed the office as acting attorney general. Governor Tom Wolf nominated Bruce Beemer to serve out the remaining balance of Kane's term, which expired in January 2017. Democrat Josh Shapiro succeeded Beemer. Shapiro was elected governor in 2022, and appointed Michelle Henry as his successor in 2023. The Pennsylvania Senate confirmed Henry in her own right later that year.

David Lloyd (judge)
David Lloyd (1656 – April 6, 1731) was a lawyer and politician from Chester, Pennsylvania. He was the first Attorney General of the Province of Pennsylvania and a member of the popular party. He served 9 terms in the Pennsylvania General Assembly, including 9 terms as its Speaker, and 14 years as Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
Topi Tehsil
Topi is a tehsil of district Swabi in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is administratively subdivided into twenty Union Councils, including (1) Topi East, (2) Topi West, (3) Batakara, (4)Zarobai, (5) Kalabat, (6) Kotha, and (8) Maini.

Zarobi
Zarobai Munara, commonly known as Zarobi, is a historical village and Union Council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°2′0N 72°34′0E with an altitude of 321 metres (1056 feet).

This is one of the big villages of Swabi District in terms of population. This village is distributed in two main parts: Porta Cham (Abu Sayed) and Khakata Cham (Akhun Sayad). The people of the village are Pashtuns of the Yousafzai tribe and the area is part of what was historically known as the Mandanr country. There is also a presence of Bajauris in the village.
Ephigenia of Ethiopia
Ephigenia of Ethiopia or Iphigenia of Ethiopia (Spanish: Efigenia; Portuguese: Ifigénia/Ifigênia; French: Iphigénie; Greek: Ἰφιγένεια), also called Iphigenia of Abyssinia, is a Western folk saint whose life is told in the Golden Legend as a virgin converted to Christianity and then consecrated to God by Matthew the Apostle, who was spreading the Gospel to the region of Ethiopia.

Benedict the Moor
Benedict the Moor OFM (Italian: Benedetto il Moro; 1526 – 4 April 1589), also known as Benedict of Palermo, Benedict the Black, or Benedict the African, was a Afro-Sicilian Franciscan friar. He was born to enslaved Africans in San Fratello, Sicily and freed at birth. He became known for his charity.

As a young man, he joined a Franciscan-affiliated hermit group, of which he became the leader. In 1564 he was sent to the Franciscan friary in Palermo, where he continued good works. He died in 1589 and was canonized by Pope Pius VII in 1807.
Ella Holm Bull
Ella Holm Bull, (néé Joma or Jåma; 12 October 1929 – 21 September 2006) was a Southern Sámi teacher and author, dedicated to promoting the Southern Sami language for many years. Together with Knut Bergsland, she created an orthography for Southern Sámi in 1974, which is called the Bergsland-Bull orthography in their honor. Holm Bull received numerous awards for her work on Southern Sámi, including the first-ever Gollegiella Award in 2004.

Sámi orthography
Sámi orthography refers to the various orthographies used by the eight Sámi languages that have their own literary language: Southern Sámi, Ume Sámi, Pite Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Inari Sámi, Skolt Sámi, and Kildin Sámi.
Schizmohetera olympica
Schizmohetera olympica is a species of millipede in the family Neoatractosomatidae. This species is found in Greece. This species is notable for featuring adults with 28 body segments (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last), rather than the 30 segments usually observed in the order Chordeumatida.

Chordeumatida
Arthropods portal

Chordeumatida (from the Greek word for "sausage") is a large order of millipedes containing more than 1,100 species.  Also known as sausage millipedes, they are found nearly worldwide. Chordeumatida is the largest order in the superorder Nematophora, a group also known as spinning millipedes because their telsons feature spinnerets used to build nests of silk. These millipedes produce this silk to create chambers in which to molt or to lay their eggs.
A New Day (The Wire)
"A New Day" is the 11th episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire (2002-2008). The episode was written by Ed Burns from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Brad Anderson. It originally aired on November 26, 2006.

Clay Davis
R. Clayton "Clay" Davis is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Isiah Whitlock Jr. Davis is a corrupt Maryland State Senator with a reputation for pocketing bribes. However, throughout the series Davis remains protected by other ranking politicians and Baltimore Police Commissioner Ervin Burrell.

Davis is known for his idiosyncratic profanity, often when confronted with bad news, comically elongating the word shit as sheeeeeeeee-it.