hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 2002 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 121st season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 111th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 97–65 during the season and won the National League Central by 13 games over the Houston Astros. In the playoffs, the Cardinals defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks 3 games to 0 in the NLDS but lost to the San Francisco Giants 4 games to 1 in the NLCS.

Second baseman Fernando Viña, shortstop Édgar Rentería, third baseman Scott Rolen, and outfielder Jim Edmonds each won Gold Gloves this year.

On June 18, long-time broadcaster Jack Buck died at the age of 77, while four days later, pitcher Darryl Kile was found dead in a Chicago hotel room, at age 33.

Scott Rolen
Scott Bruce Rolen (born April 4, 1975) is an American former professional baseball third baseman. He played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Toronto Blue Jays, and Cincinnati Reds from 1996 to 2012.

A seven-time All-Star, Rolen started his career with the Phillies, where he was named the 1997 National League Rookie of the Year. Rolen became known for two iconic postseason home runs with the Cardinals: a go-ahead hit off Roger Clemens in Game 7 of the 2004 NLCS and a Game 1 homer off Justin Verlander in the 2006 World Series. Regarded as one of the best defensive third basemen of all time, Rolen won eight Gold Glove Awards over his career, the fourth-most among third basemen. In 2023, Rolen was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Barnes Creek (Washington)
Also see Barnes Creek (Wisconsin)

Barnes Creek is a small stream that flows in the U.S. state of Washington from the base of Mount Storm King and Aurora Ridge into Lake Crescent. Barnes Creek is also fed by Marymere Falls. Barnes Creek sustains the spawning habitat for the endemic Crescenti cutthroat trout. It flows onto Barnes Point, an ancient landslide delta, and into Lake Crescent.

Barnes Creek and Barnes Point take their name from Paul Barnes, who settled at Barnes Point in 1890.

Mount Storm King
Mount Storm King is located within the Olympic National Park about 20 miles (32 km) west of Port Angeles, Washington, in the United States. The mountain is located on the south side of Lake Crescent near Barnes Point, and has an elevation of 4,500+ feet (1,370+ m).

The trail to the summit starts near the Storm King Ranger Station, and initially follows the trail to Marymere Falls but branches to the north after a short distance. The first 1.9 miles (3.1 km) is on maintained trail but the rest of the climb involves scrambling on loose rock with some exposure.
Harry Grabiner
Harry Mitchell Grabiner (December 26, 1890 – October 24, 1948) was an American professional baseball executive. A 40-year employee of the Chicago White Sox, he served the team's owners—founding president Charles Comiskey, son and successor J. Louis Comiskey, and Lou's widow, Grace—in a number of capacities, rising from peanut vendor to club secretary, business manager and vice president. He is often listed as the White Sox' first general manager, with a term lasting from as early as 1915 through 1945. After leaving the White Sox at the close of the 1945 season, he joined Bill Veeck's ownership syndicate and became a vice president and minority stockholder with the Cleveland Indians from 1946 until his death in 1948.

Charles Comiskey
Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 – October 26, 1931), nicknamed "Commy" or "the Old Roman", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager, and team owner. He was a key person in the formation of the American League and was also founding owner of the Chicago White Sox. Comiskey Park, the White Sox's storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him.

Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.
Structure of the Swedish Home Guard
The following is an overview of the Swedish Home Guard's operational and peacetime organization. The Swedish Home Guard is commanded by the Chief of Defence based at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm.

Värmland County
Värmland County (Swedish: Värmlands län) is a county or län in west central Sweden. It borders the Swedish counties of Dalarna, Örebro and Västra Götaland, as well as the Norwegian counties of Østfold, Akershus and Innlandet to the west. The title of Duke of Värmland is claimed by His Royal Highness Prince Carl Philip.
United States Army Military District of Washington
The United States Army Military District of Washington (MDW) is one of nineteen major commands of the United States Army. It is headquartered in Fort Lesley J. McNair in Washington, D.C. The missions of the units in the Military District of Washington include ceremonial tasks as well as a combat role in the defense of the National Capital Region.

The Military District of Washington also represents the U.S. Army in the Joint Task Force – National Capital Region (JTF-NCR), as well as oversight of all ceremonial operations in Arlington National Cemetery.

The current Commanding General of the Military District of Washington is Major General Antoinette Gant. The Commanding General, Chief of Staff, and Command Sergeant Major of the Military District of Washington hold the same positions at the JTF-NCR, which supervises military planning for the defense of the National Capital Region.

United States Army Band
The United States Army Band, also known as "Pershing's Own", is the premier musical organization of the United States Army, founded in 1922. There are currently seven official performing ensembles in the unit: The U.S. Army Concert Band, The U.S. Army Ceremonial Band, The U.S. Army Chorus, The U.S. Army Blues, The U.S. Army Band Downrange, The U.S. Army Herald Trumpets, and The U.S. Army Strings.
2021 Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain
The 2021 Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain was a multi-event, one-make motor racing championship held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded drivers, competing in Porsche 991 GT3 Cup cars that conformed to the technical regulations for the championship. It formed part of the extensive program of support categories built up around the BTCC centrepiece. The 2021 season was the 19th Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain season, commencing on 12 June at Snetterton and finishing on 24 October at Brands Hatch, utilising the Grand Prix circuit, after sixteen races at eight meetings. All sixteen of the races were held in support of the 2021 British Touring Car Championship.

2021 British Touring Car Championship
The 2021 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship features a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2021 season was the 64th British Touring Car Championship season and the eleventh season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification. Ash Sutton successfully defended his title to become the youngest ever three time BTCC Champion.
Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution
The Iranian revolution was 
the Shia Islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with a theocratic Islamic Republic led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization and secularization efforts of the Western-backed Shah, as well as from a more popular reaction to social injustice and other shortcomings of the ancien régime.

Persian Constitution of 1906
The Persian Constitution of 1906  (Persian: قانون اساسی مشروطه, romanized: Qānun-e Asāsi-ye Mashrute), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Iran (Persia) and a result of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, Esmail Momtaz od-Dowleh, among others; and granted by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar as one of his final acts. The Constitution was also in effect during Pahlavi Iran. It is divided into five chapters with many articles that developed over several years. The Quran was the foundation of the constitution while the Belgian constitution served as a partial model, which guaranteed each citizen equality before the law, and a safeguarding of personal honour, property and speech.
Opostega granifera
Opostega granifera is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is known from the area of the former Transvaal Province in South Africa.

Adults have been recorded in December.

Opostegidae
Opostegidae or "white eyecap moths" is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera that is characterised by particularly large eyecaps over the compound eyes (see also Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae, Lyonetiidae). Opostegidae are most diverse in the New World tropics (83 described species, representing 42% of the world total).

These small, whitish moths are probably miners in plant stems. Examples of host plants used in Europe are Lycopus, Mentha and Rumex, but their biology is poorly known. The subfamily Oposteginae comprises 87 described species and Opostegoidinae includes 15 described species.
Allsopp Helikite
The Allsopp Helikite is a kite balloon or kytoon designed by Sandy Allsopp in the United Kingdom in 1993. This Helikite comprises a combination of a helium balloon and a kite to form a single, aerodynamically sound, tethered aircraft, that uses both wind and helium for its lift.

Gas balloon
A gas balloon is a balloon that rises and floats in the air because it is filled with a gas lighter than air (such as helium or hydrogen). When not in flight, it is tethered to prevent it from flying away and is sealed at the bottom to prevent the escape of gas. A gas balloon may also be called a Charlière for its inventor, the Frenchman Jacques Charles. Today, familiar gas balloons include large blimps and small latex party balloons. For nearly 200 years, well into the 20th century, manned balloon flight utilized gas balloons before hot-air balloons became dominant. Without power, heat or fuel, untethered flights of gas balloons depended on the skill of the pilot. Gas balloons have greater lift for a given volume, so they do not need to be so large, and they can stay up for much longer than hot air balloons.
Baba and Bhit Islands
Baba and Bhit Islands  (Urdu:   جزیرہ بابا بھٹ ) are two small and densely populated islands located in the Karachi Harbour, in Karachi, Pakistan. The approximate area of Bhit island is roughly 0.16 km2 while that of Baba island is around 0.15 km2. Around 5,400 people live on Bhit island and around 6,600 on Baba island. With a population density of 33,750 and 44,000 people per km2 respectively, the two islands are among the most densely populated islands in the world.

The islands are connected to Karachi via a ferry service to Keamari.

The islands, along with Shams Pir island, are old fishing villages in the harbor which predate the formal establishment of Karachi. The two islands are said to be over 400 years old. The ethnic groups in Baba and Bhit Islands include Sindhis and Kutchis. The entire population is Muslim. The local fishermen refer to themselves as Morrio Pata. Villagers from these islands later helped settle the slightly bigger Shams Pir island.

Keamari, Karachi
Keamari (Sindhi: ڪياماڙي, Urdu: کیماڑی) is a neighbourhood in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Keamari was originally an independent settlement built on a sandy ridge on the eastern side of Karachi Harbour. Keamari Town was formed in 2001 as part of the Local Government Ordinance 2001, and was subdivided into 11 union councils. The town system was disbanded in 2011, and Keamari Town was re-organized as part of Karachi West District in 2015.

In 2020, Keamari District was carved out of Karachi West District. So Kemari Town ended up being part of Kemari District.
Jhalotar
Jhalotar is a village in Hasanganj block of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located just to the west of the Mohan-Ajgain road, near a lake called Kundra Samundar. It hosts a weekly haat and has one primary school and no healthcare facilities. Drinking water is provided by hand pump. As of 2011, the population of the village is 1,990, in 319 households.

Hasanganj
Hasanganj is a village and tehsil headquarters in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located near Mohan, at a road junction leading to Miyanganj and Rasulabad. As of 2011, its population is 4,658, in 818 households.

Hasanganj hosts two fairs: the Jal Bihar cattle fair on Bhadra Badi 2-4, and the Kans Lila fair on Bhadra Sudi 3. At both events, vendors bring sweets, clay toys, and articles of daily use to sell. Hasanganj also holds a market on Tuesdays and Fridays where grain and vegetables are sold.
Victoria-Tobique
Victoria-Tobique was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  This riding was created in the 1973 redistribution when New Brunswick moved to single member districts. It had previously been part of the Victoria district which returned two members.

The riding, which was not changed in the 1994 redistribution, is made up of the anglophone parts of Victoria County which are primarily along the Tobique River. It includes three incorporated municipalities: Perth-Andover, Plaster Rock, and Aroostook as well as the Tobique First Nation Indian reserve.

In 2006, it added small parts of Carleton County to its territory. It was abolished in the 2013 redistribution.

Victoria (New Brunswick provincial electoral district)
Victoria was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It used a bloc voting system to elect members, and was created from Carleton in 1846. It was abolished with the 1973 electoral redistribution, when the province moved to single-member ridings.
1999 Norwich City Council election
The 1999 Norwich City Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Norwich City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. 16 of 48 seats (one-third) were up for election, with an additional seat up in Coslany ward due to a by-election.

1999 United Kingdom local elections
The 1999 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 6 May 1999. All Scottish and Welsh unitary authorities had all their seats elected. In England a third of the seats on each of the metropolitan boroughs were elected along with elections in many of the unitary authorities and district councils.  There were no local elections in Northern Ireland.

The elections saw Labour, now in their second year of government, suffer a setback as the opposition Conservatives gained ground. The councils up for election had last been contested in 1995, which saw Labour achieve record gains and the Conservatives lose over 2,000 seats.
Barbara Iglewski
Barbara Hotham Iglewski (March 23, 1938 – December 10, 2023) was an American microbiologist. She was director of international programs at the University of Rochester Medical Center where she was a professor of microbiology and immunology.

Allegheny College
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Presidents' Athletic Conference and it is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Naftaly Frenkel
Naftaly Aronovich Frenkel (Russian: Нафталий Аронович Френкель; 1883–1960) was a Soviet security officer and member of the Soviet secret police. Frenkel is best known for his role in the organisation of work in the Gulag, starting from the forced labor camp of the Solovetsky Islands, which is recognised as one of the earliest sites of the Gulag.

Anne Applebaum
Anne Elizabeth Applebaum (born July 25, 1964) is an American journalist and historian. She has written about the history of Communism and the development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe. She became a Polish citizen in 2013.

Applebaum has worked at The Economist and The Spectator magazines, and she was a member of the editorial board of The Washington Post (2002–2006). She won the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 2004 for Gulag: A History. She is a staff writer for The Atlantic magazine, as well as a senior fellow of the SNF Agora Institute and the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University.
Mafalda of Portugal (born 1153)
Mafalda of Portugal (1153, Coimbra – after 1162) was a Portuguese infanta, the fourth legitimate child and third daughter of Afonso Henriques (the first king of Portugal) and his wife Mafalda of Savoy.

In January 1160, her father and Ramón Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, negotiated the marriage of Mafalda to Alfonso, future King Alfonso II of Aragon who was three or four years old at that time. After the death of Ramón Berenguer IV in the summer of 1162, King Ferdinand II of León convinced his widow, Queen  Petronilla, to cancel the infante's wedding plans with Mafalda and for Alfonso to marry instead Sancha, daughter Alfonso VII of León and his second wife Queen Richeza of Poland.

This did not compromise the establishment of long-lived good relations between Portugal and Aragon, since Mafalda's younger brother Infante Sancho (future Sancho I of Portugal) married Dulce Infanta of Aragon, sister of Alfonso II in 1174.

Sancho I of Portugal
Sancho I (born Martinho; Coimbra, 11 November 1154 – 26 March 1211) also referred to as Sancho the Populator ("Sancho o Povoador"), was King of Portugal from 1185 until his death in 1211. He was the second king of Portugal.

Sancho was the second but only surviving legitimate son and fifth child of Afonso I of Portugal by his wife, Matilda of Savoy. Sancho succeeded his father and was crowned in Coimbra when he was 31 years old on 9 December 1185. He used the title King of Silves from 1189 until he lost the territory to Almohad control in 1191.
Chahan, Kerman
Chahan (Persian: چاهان, also Romanized as Chāhān) is a village in Rameshk Rural District, Chah Dadkhoda District, Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 41 families.

Chah Dadkhoda District
Chah Dadkhoda District (Persian: بخش چاه دادخدا) is in Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chah Dadkhoda.

The district is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) southeast of the county center and most of its people are farmers. Cereals, sesame and dates are the major crops grown in this area. The main source of irrigation is underground water, with some seasonal rivers that flow and end in Jaz-e Moryan.
CoreAVC
CoreAVC was a proprietary codec for decoding the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding) video format.

In 2010, when CoreAVC was a software-only decoder, it was one of the fastest software decoders, but still slower than hardware-based ones. CoreAVC supports all H.264 Profiles except for 4:2:2 and 4:4:4.

From 2009, CoreAVC introduced support to two forms of GPU hardware acceleration for H.264 decoding on Windows: CUDA (Nvidia only, in 2009) and DXVA (Nvidia and ATI GPUs, in 2011).

CoreAVC was included as a part of the CorePlayer Multimedia Framework and was being used in the now defunct desktop client by Joost a system that was distributing videos over the Internet using peer-to-peer TV technology.

Codec
A codec is a computer hardware or software component that encodes or decodes a data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder/decoder.

In electronic communications, an endec is a device that acts as both an encoder and a decoder on a signal or data stream, and hence is a type of codec. Endec is a portmanteau of encoder/decoder.

A coder or encoder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.
Achalinus meiguensis
Achalinus meiguensis, commonly known as the Sichuan odd-scaled snake or Szechwan odd-scaled snake, is a species of snake in the family Xenodermatidae. The species is endemic to China and occurs in western Sichuan and Yunnan at elevations of 1200–1400 m.

Xenodermidae
Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae, not "Xenodermatidae".
Colin Mackenzie
Colonel Colin Mackenzie CB (1754–8 May 1821) was a Scottish army officer in the British East India Company who later became the first Surveyor General of India. He was a collector of antiquities and an orientalist and an indologist. He surveyed southern India, making use of local interpreters and scholars to study religion, oral histories, inscriptions and other evidence, initially out of personal interest, and later as a surveyor. He was ordered to survey the Mysore region shortly after the British victory over Tipu Sultan in 1799 and produced the first maps of the region along with illustrations of the landscape and notes on archaeological landmarks. His collections consisting of thousands of manuscripts, inscriptions, translations, coins and paintings, which were acquired after his death by the India Office Library and are an important source for the study of Indian history. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815.

Government Museum, Chennai
The Government Museum, Chennai, or the Madras Museum, is a museum of human history and culture located in the Government Museum Complex in the neighbourhood of Egmore in Chennai, India. Started in 1851, it is the second oldest museum in India after the Indian Museum in Kolkata. It has among the largest collection of Roman currency outside Europe. The Museum Theatre is a central landmark of the museum. The National Art Gallery is also present in the museum premises. Built in Indo-Saracenic style, it houses rare European and Asian painting of renowned artists, including Raja Ravi Varma. It had 600,000 visitors in 2018. It has a large collection of bronze idols, 500 of them dating to 1000 BCE, in Asia.
Sanjak of Albania
The Sanjak of Albania (Ottoman Turkish: سنجاق آرونید, romanized: Sancâk-ı Arvanid, or آرونید سنجاغی, Arvanid sancâğı; Albanian: Sanxhaku i Arbërisë or Sanxhaku i Shqipërisë) was a second-level administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire between 1415 and 1444. Its mandate included territories of modern central and southern Albania between Krujë to the Kalamas River in northwestern Greece.

Rumelia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Rumeli, or Eyalet of Rumelia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت روم ایلی, romanized: Eyālet-i Rūm-ėli), known as the Beylerbeylik of Rumeli until 1591, was a first-level province (beylerbeylik or eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire encompassing most of the Balkans ("Rumelia"). For most of its history, it was the largest and most important province of the Empire, containing key cities such as Edirne, Yanina (Ioannina), Sofia, Filibe (Plovdiv), Manastır/Monastir (Bitola), Üsküp (Skopje), and the major seaport of Selânik/Salonica (Thessaloniki). It was also among the oldest Ottoman eyalets, lasting more than 500 years with several territorial restructurings over the long course of its existence.

The capital was in Adrianople (Edirne), Sofia, and finally Monastir (Bitola). Its reported area in an 1862 almanac was 48,119 square miles (124,630 km2).