hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portulaca samhaensis
Portulaca samhaensis is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae. It is endemic to Socotra, part of Yemen. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Portulacaceae
The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus Portulaca. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus. It is also known as the purslane family. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity in semiarid regions of the Southern Hemisphere in Africa, Australia, and South America, but with a few species also extending north into Arctic regions. The family is very similar to the Caryophyllaceae, differing in the calyx, which has only two sepals.

The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998) assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. In the APG III system, several genera were moved to the Montiaceae, Didiereaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Talinaceae, thus making the family monotypic and only containing the genus Portulaca.
Sambavarvadakarai
Sambavarvadakarai is a Panchayat town in the Tenkasi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the north shore of the Hanumannathi River in Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu, Sambavarvadakarai is divided into two sections, Melur (upper town) and Keelur (lower town) corresponding to its location along the river. The name is a portmanteau of the Tamil words sambavar (a sub-caste), vada (north), and karai (shore).

Tenkasi
Tenkasi (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is a Municipality and headquarters of the Tenkasi district in Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Tenkasi is the third largest city in Tenkasi district after Kadayanallur and Sankarankovil.

Being one of the most significant spiritual and cultural places in South Tamilnadu, Tenkasi houses The Kutraleeshwarar temple (Chitra Sabha), one of the five sabhas of Lord Nataraja, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. Tamil poet Thirikooda Rasappa Kavirayar describes this temple in his poem as “Kutrala Kuravanji” which means 'beauty of Kutralam'. the city also houses the famous TenKasi Viswanathar temple, Sankarankoil temple and Ilangi Kumarar temple.
Gordon England glider
The Gordon England glider was a single seat glider designed specifically for the first British gliding competition held at Itford Hill in 1922, an endurance event.  It made some competition flights but was damaged on the last day.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Internet Technical Committee
The Internet Technical Committee (ITC) is a joint committee of the Internet Society (ISOC) and the IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc). The Internet Technical Committee was officially created in December 1994.

Internet Society
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American non-profit advocacy organization whose purpose is to promote an open and safe internet. Founded in 1992, it has offices in Reston, Virginia, United States, and Geneva, Switzerland, with local chapters around the world.
Salinicoccus kunmingensis
Salinicoccus kunmingensis is a standard gram-positive bacteria in the genus Salinicoccus and Staphylococcaceae family. It is moderately halophilic growing in 0.5-25% NaCl solution, with an optimum at 8-10% NaCl solution.

Staphylococcaceae
Staphylococcaceae, from Ancient Greek σταφυλή (staphulḗ), meaning "bunch of grapes", and κόκκος (kókkos), meaning "sphere", are a family of Gram-positive bacteria that includes the genus Staphylococcus, noted for encompassing several medically significant pathogens.

The five genera Jeotgalicoccus, Macrococcus, Nosocomiicoccus, Salinicoccus, and  Staphylococcus have been shown to be monophyletic, while Gemella appears to be polyphyletic.  The pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a member of this family.

The most famous species in this family is Staphylococcus aureus, usually found in the skin microbiota. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogenic bacteria with the highest global mortality in 2019, with approximatively 1.1 million deaths.
South Rockfish Valley Rural Historic District
The South Rockfish Valley Rural Historic District encompasses a large rural landscape in northern Nelson County, Virginia, United States.  It includes more than 1,600 acres (650 ha) of rolling bottomlands of the South Fork Rockfish River, with Virginia State Route 151 as its principal transportation route.  This area has been farmed since the 18th century, and many of its early land use patterns persist to this day.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.  Properties within the district that were previously listed on the National Register include River Bluff, Elk Hill, Three Chimneys, and the Wintergreen Country Store.

River Bluff (Wintergreen, Virginia)
River Bluff is a historic home located near Wintergreen, Nelson County, Virginia. It is sited on a steep bank overlooking the South Fork of the Rockfish River.  It is a three-part Flemish bond brick house consisting of a two-story central pavilion with one-story flanking wings. The main block was constructed about 1785, and the house achieved its final form by about 1805.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Robert Hawthorn Kitson
Robert Hawthorn Kitson (3 July 1873 — 17 September 1947) was a British painter. As a gay man, he chose to leave England, where the Labouchere Amendment made life difficult. He settled in Sicily, where he built a villa in Taormina, Casa Cuseni, that is now a historic house museum.

Wilhelm von Gloeden
Wilhelm Iwan Friederich August von Gloeden (September 16, 1856 – February 16, 1931), commonly known as Baron von Gloeden, was a German photographer who worked mainly in Italy. He is mostly known for his pastoral nude studies of Sicilian boys, which usually featured props such as wreaths or amphoras, suggesting a setting in the Greece or Italy of antiquity. His work demonstrates the controlled use of lighting as well as utilizing elegant poses of his models. His innovations include the use of photographic filters and special body makeup (a mixture of milk, olive oil, and glycerin) to disguise skin blemishes. His work, both landscapes and nudes, drew wealthy tourists to Sicily, particularly gay men uncomfortable in northern Europe.
Copyright law of Egypt
Egyptian copyright law has evolved over time. The currently applicable legislation in Egypt with regard to copyright is Book Three of the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 82 of 2002, which entered into force on 3 June 2002, the day following its publication in the Official Gazette. The implementing decree is Prime Ministerial Decree 497 of 2005 (effective by Issue No. 12, Official Gazette, 29 March 2005).

International Intellectual Property Alliance
The International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) is a coalition of five trade associations representing American companies that produce copyright-protected material, including computer software, films, television programs, music, books, and journals (electronic and print media). Formed in 1984, it seeks to strengthen international copyright protection and enforcement by working with the U.S. government, foreign governments, and private-sector representatives.
Oberhambach
Oberhambach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Oberhambach is a tourism resort.

Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkn̩fɛlt] ⓘ) is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde. The town itself has approximately 7,000 inhabitants.
Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University
The Faculty of Social Sciences (Czech: Fakulta sociálních věd Univerzity Karlovy) is one of the newest faculties of Charles University. The Faculty was founded in 1990, shortly after the Velvet Revolution. It soon became a regional centre of teaching and research in area studies, economics, international relations, journalism, media studies, sociology and political science. The Faculty offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs in social sciences. While the languages of instruction are Czech and English, students can choose from classes in a wide range of other languages, including French, German, Russian and Spanish.

The Faculty enrolls around 5,000 full-time students, including 1,000 international students.

Faculty of Arts, Charles University
The Faculty of Arts, Charles University (Czech: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy), is one of the original four faculties of Charles University in Prague. When founded, it was named the Faculty of the Liberal Arts or the Artistic Faculty. The faculty provides lectures in the widest range of fields of the humanities in the Czech Republic, and is the only university faculty in Europe which provides studies in all the official languages of the European Union. The faculty has around 1,000 members of staff, over 9,000 students, and a flexible system of more than 700 possible double-subject degree combinations.
Constrictotermes cavifrons
Constrictotermes cavifrons is a species of Amazonian nasute termite within the genus Constrictotermes. It forms large and diurnal open-foraging trails to and from its sources of food which consists largely of lichens and other microepiphytes. The nests of C. cavifrons are arboreal and characterized by a cleared central runway from which foraging raids begin.

Nasutitermitinae
The Nasutitermitinae is a near cosmopolitan subfamily of higher termites represented by 81 genera and 605 species.  The highly derived soldier caste exhibits vestigial mandibles and a protruding fontanellar process on the head, known as the nasus, from which they can "shoot" chemical weaponry. Notable genera include the notorious wood-eating Nasutitermes, and the conspicuous Hospitalitermes and Constrictotermes, both distinguished for their brazen habit of forming extensive foraging trails out in the open.
Croc 2 (2001 video game)
Croc 2 is a 2001 platformer video game developed by Natsume Co., Ltd. and published by THQ for the Game Boy Color (GBC). It is part of the Croc series and the second game in the series for the GBC after Croc (2000). It is an adaptation of Croc 2 (1999) for the PlayStation and Windows. The game utilizes 2D sprite graphics, in contrast to the 3D polygon graphics featured in the 1999 game.

Croc (series)
Croc is a video game series developed by Argonaut Software and published by Fox Interactive. It consists of two main games, plus three mobile games. A third main game was proposed but cancelled as Argonaut was "going through a rough patch", and an animated TV series based on the video game series was proposed by Fox Interactive but never came into fruition. By January 2001, the series had sold over 2.4 million copies worldwide on the PlayStation and Game Boy Color platforms.
Linda Chatman Thomsen
Linda Chatman Thomsen (born April 1, 1954) is an American attorney who was director of the Division of Enforcement for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 2005 until early 2009. Since arriving at the SEC in 1995, she worked under four SEC Chairmen: Arthur Levitt, Harvey Pitt, William H. Donaldson, and Christopher Cox. William Donaldson named her director of the Division of Enforcement on May 12, 2005.  She is the first woman to serve as director of the Division of Enforcement. Thomsen is known for her role in the suits by the SEC against Enron and Martha Stewart, and for not having investigated Bernard Madoff.  She succeeded Stephen M. Cutler. As of 2016, she has been a senior counsel at Davis Polk & Wardwell.

Christopher Cox
Charles Christopher Cox (born October 16, 1952) is an American attorney and politician who served as chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a 17-year Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, and member of the White House staff in the Reagan Administration. Prior to his Washington service he was a practicing attorney, teacher, and entrepreneur. Following his retirement from government in 2009, he returned to law practice and currently serves as a director, trustee, and advisor to several for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
Caney Creek (Oklahoma)
Caney Creek is a watercourse in Adair County and Cherokee County in Oklahoma, United States.  It forms just southeast of Stilwell and travels on an arc generally northwest, west, and then southwest before emptying into Tenkiller Ferry Lake on the Illinois River east of Pettit.

Popular species of fish caught in Caney Creek include smallmouth bass, spotted bass, and largemouth bass.

Illinois River (Arkansas–Oklahoma)
The Illinois River is a 145-mile-long (233 km) tributary of the Arkansas River in the U.S. states of Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Osage Indians named it Ne-eng-wah-kon-dah, which translates as "Medicine Stone River". The state of Oklahoma has designated its portion as a Scenic River.
Sole Common Pond
Sole Common Pond is a  3-hectare (7.4-acre) nature reserve  south-west of Boxford in Berkshire in Berkshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

It consists of a Sphagnum fringed pond, heath, wet woodland and a wildflower meadow.

Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust
The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) is a Wildlife Trust covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire in England.

The trust was formerly called the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Naturalists' Trust (BBONT).
Kampfgruppe (video game)
Kampfgruppe is a computer wargame designed by Gary Grigsby and published in 1984 by Strategic Simulations for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, and Commodore 64. Kampfgruppe is a game of tactical-scale combat on the Eastern Front. An MS-DOS port was released in 1987 followed by an Amiga version in 1988.

Computer wargame
A computer wargame is a wargame played on a digital device. Descended from board wargaming, it simulates military conflict at the tactical, operational or strategic level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for recreational use and, in some cases, used for military purposes.
Emad Shahin
Emad Shahin (also Emad El-Din Shahin, Arabic: عماد شاهين; born August 24, 1957) is an Egyptian professor of political science. He is currently a visiting professor at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He is editor-in-chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics, and professor of public policy at The American University in Cairo (on leave). His work focuses on Comparative Politics, Democracy and Political Reform in Muslim societies, Islam and Politics, and Political Economy of the Middle East.

Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-jazīrah, lit. 'the island', pronounced [æl (d)ʒæˈziːrɐ]), often known as Al Jazeera, is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar. Al Jazeera introduced an English-language division in 2006. It is the first global English-language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East.

Al Jazeera is known for its in-depth and frontline reporting particularly in conflict zones such as the Arab Spring, the Gaza–Israel conflict and others. Al Jazeera's coverage of the Arab Spring won the network numerous awards, including the Peabody Award. It positions itself as an alternative media platform to the dominance of Western media outlets like CNN and BBC, focusing on narrative reporting where subjects present their own stories.
Mark Loram
Mark Roysten Gregory Loram (born 12 January 1971) is a British former motorcycle speedway rider, who won the World Speedway Championship in 2000 and won the British Championship in 1997, 1999, and 2001. He earned 36 international caps for the England national speedway team and 10 caps for the Great Britain team.

1994 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1994 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 49th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

It was the last championship to be staged in the traditional single meeting World Final format before the advent of the Speedway Grand Prix series in 1995. The Final was held on 20 August at the Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark.

Sweden's Tony Rickardsson won the first of what would prove to be a record equalling 6 World Championships, defeating Danish former triple champion Hans Nielsen and Australia's Craig Boyce in a runoff after all three riders finished on 12 points.
Koine Greek phonology
The Greek language underwent pronunciation changes during the Koine Greek period, from about 300 BC to 400 AD. At the beginning of the period, the pronunciation was close to Classical Greek, while at the end it was almost identical to Modern Greek.

Vowel length distinctions are important for classical poetry and drama, but become less important for prose into the patristic age.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
KPL Awards
The KPL Awards, also known as the KPL Footballer of the Year Awards (FOYA), refer to an awards ceremony held to honour association football players, coaches, officials and journalists participating in the Kenyan Premier League. They are conferred by the Football Kenya Federation.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
2020 Arab Cup U-20
The 2020 Arab Cup U-20 was the sixth edition of the Arab Cup U-20 organised by the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA) for the men's under-20 national teams of the Arab world. It is the first tournament played in nearly eight years. The competition took place in Saudi Arabia between 17 February and 4 March. It was held in Dammam, Khobar and Riyadh.

Arab Cup U-20
The Arab Cup U-20 (Arabic: كأس العرب للمنتخبات تحت 20 سنة) is an international football competition organised by the Union of Arab Football Associations, contested by the U-20 national teams in the Arab world. The teams come from CAF and AFC. Some non-Arab nations, such as Senegal or Uzbekistan, have also been invited on occasion.
Rogožarski Brucoš
Rogožarski Brucoš (Serbian Cyrillic:Рогожарски Бруцош) was a single-engine, two-seat,  low wing monoplane aircraft designed as a trainer in Yugoslavia before World War II. It was designed and built in the Rogožarski aircraft factory in Belgrade.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Gururin
Gururin is a puzzle arcade video game developed by Face, with the assistance of Minato Giken, and originally published by SNK on May 25, 1994. It was the first game to be created by Face for the Neo Geo platform and it was not released on the Neo Geo AES (home).

In the game, players must match 3 people with their respective colored outfit, while rotating the playfield in order to rearrange them. Though it was initially only launched for the Neo Geo MVS (arcade), Gururin was later re-released by HAMSTER Corporation through download services for various consoles in 2018. A conversion for the Neo Geo CD was planned and even previewed but it did not receive an official release to the public.

Gururin has garnered mixed critical reception since its original release in arcades from reviewers who felt mixed towards several aspects of the game such as the visuals, sound design and gameplay, while its difficulty and learning curve has been heavily criticized.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Tyamko
The tyamko (ट्याम्को) or tyamako (ट्यामको) is a small Nepali kettle drum, a prominent member of the panche baja ensemble. The body of the instrument is made of soft wood, clay, copper or iron; the skin is cowhide. It is about 15cm in diameter and 15cm high, but this can vary as instruments are not standardized. It is carried on a strap around the neck, at the waist when standing, and played with two sticks.

Kettledrum
A kettledrum (or kettle drum) (/ˈkɛtldrʌm/) is a type of percussion instrument in which a membrane is stretched over a large hemispherical bowl. Traditionally, the bowl is made of a metal such as copper or bronze, but materials such as clay and wood are also used.

In Western music, timpani are the most commonly used types of kettledrums, so much so that their names have almost become synonymous. However, most cultures, especially those of South Asia and the Middle East, have their own distinct types of kettledrums. In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, kettledrums were given the number '211.1' as part of their own unique classification.