hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Rangers F.C.
Rangers Football Club, formed in 1872, is the fourth-oldest association football club in Scotland, and the first club in the world to win more than fifty national league titles (55 as of the end of the 2020–21 season). It is the third-most successful club in world football in terms of trophies won, behind Egyptian club Al Ahly, and Celtic.

This article covers the club's beginnings, while also documenting its European Cup Winners Cup success, the 1902 and 1971 Ibrox disasters, the nine-in-a-row league championship win, its financial insolvency of the early 2010s (which led to Rangers being refused SPL membership and their application and acceptance to the bottom tier of the Scottish Professional Football League), and its first top-flight championship since 2011 (denying city rivals Celtic a tenth title in a row, which would have been a record in Scotland's top tier).

1984 Scottish League Cup final (March)
The 1983–84 Scottish League Cup final was played on 25 March 1984, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 38th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was an Old Firm derby contested by Rangers and Celtic.

Rangers won the match 3–2 thanks to an Ally McCoist hat-trick. He scored a penalty in the first half, conceded a foul to give Celtic theirs in the last minute of normal time and then was himself fouled during extra time; although he had this second penalty saved, he scored the winning goal from the rebound.
2025 ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup
The 2025 ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup, also known as the Asian Cup Table Tennis Championships or simply the Asian Cup, was the 34th edition of the Asian Cup. It was held from 19 to 23 February 2025 at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre in Shenzhen, China. The top four finishers in each event qualified directly for the Table Tennis World Cup.

ITTF–ATTU Asian Cup
The ITTF–ATTU Asian Cup is an annual table tennis competition held by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) and the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU). The first edition was held in 1983. The competition features men's and women's singles events, with 32 players qualifying to take part in each event, subject to a maximum of four players per association.

Since 2013, the Asian Cup serves as a qualification event for the World Cup.
AfroCrowd
AfroCROWD (Afro Free Culture Crowdsourcing Wikimedia), is an initiative founded in 2015 by Alice Backer in New York City. Its mission is to increase awareness and participation of people of African descent in the Wikimedia and free knowledge, culture, and software movements. The organisation addresses the underrepresentation of Black history and culture on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects by organising edit-a-thons, workshops, and partnerships with cultural and educational institutions.

Black History Month
Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other countries where it could celebrate black people worldwide. It initially lasted a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October.
Nord 4.061 to 4.340
Nord 4.061 to 4.340 were a class of 2-8-0 tender goods locomotives of the Chemins de fer du Nord. At nationalisation on 1 January 1938, they all passed to the SNCF who renumbered them 2-140.A.1 to 2-140.A.280.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
Handshake
A handshake is a globally widespread, brief greeting or parting tradition in which two people grasp one of each other's hands, and in most cases, it is accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. Customs surrounding handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less likely to shake hands, or there may be different customs about how or when to shake hands.

Parting tradition
Parting traditions or parting customs are various traditions, customs, and habits used by people to acknowledge the parting of individuals or groups of people from each other.

In Klezmer music tradition, parting melodies are played at a Jewish wedding day,  such as the Zay gezunt (be healthy), Gas-nign, Dobriden (good day), Dobranotsh or A gute nakht (good night) etc. These types of pieces were sometimes in 34 which may have given an air of dignity and seriousness.
2017 Birmingham Bowl
The 2017 Birmingham Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2017, at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.  The twelfth edition of the Birmingham Bowl featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders of the Big 12 Conference against the South Florida Bulls of the American Athletic Conference.  Kickoff was scheduled for 11:00 a.m. CST and the game aired on ESPN.  It was one of the 2017–18 bowl games concluding the 2017 FBS football season.

2017–18 NCAA football bowl games
The 2017–18 NCAA football bowl games was a series of college football bowl games which completed the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The games began on December 16, 2017, and aside from the all-star games ended with the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship, which was played on January 8, 2018.

The total of 40 team-competitive bowls in FBS, including the national championship game, was one less than the previous year, with the folding of the Poinsettia Bowl. To fill the 78 available bowl slots, a total of 15 teams (19% of all participants) with non-winning (6–6) seasons participated in bowl games.  This marks only the second time in seven years that no teams with losing seasons (6–7 or 5–7) had to be invited to fill available bowl berths.
Realtek
Realtek Semiconductor Corp. (Chinese: 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司; pinyin: Ruìyù Bàndǎotǐ Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company situated in the Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Realtek was founded in October 1987 and subsequently listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in 1998. Realtek has manufactured and sold a variety of microchips globally. Its product lines broadly fall into three categories: communications network ICs, computer peripheral ICs, and multimedia ICs. As of 2019, Realtek employs 5,000 people, of whom 78% work in research and development.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Gary Railway
The Gary Railway (reporting mark GRW) is owned and operated by Transtar, Inc. It currently runs along 63 miles of yard track throughout Gary, Indiana as a class III switching carrier for local steel supply.  The Gary Railway is the successor to the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway after Canadian National Railway purchased the majority of the former EJE and finalized the deal on February 1, 2009.

Currently the Gary Railway's primary customer is the U.S. Steel works in Gary, Indiana. However, it also serves four additional steel processing groups: Cleveland-Cliffs, Tube City IMS, Brandenburg Industrial, and the Levy Company.  The railway interchanges with Canadian National at Gary as well as several other Class I rail carriers connected along the lines of the former Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway.

Transtar (US Company)
Transtar, Inc. is a subsidiary of US Steel. It was organized in 1988 to own US Steel's railroad and other transportation subsidiaries. In the third quarter of 2021 it will be taken over by Fortress Transportation and Infrastructure Investors.

Transtar owns or has owned the following companies:
Joaquim Barbosa
Joaquim Benedito Barbosa Gomes (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒoɐˈkĩ beneˈdʒitu bɐʁˈbɔzɐ ˈɡomis]; born October 7, 1954) is a former Justice of the Supreme Federal Court in Brazil. He served as the president of the court (Chief Justice) between 2012 and 2014.

Barbosa studied law at University of Brasília (1979) and holds a master's degree (1990) and a doctorate (1993) from Panthéon-Assas University. He is a Doctor Honoris Causa of Hebrew University (2015).

In 2013, he was elected by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MRE; Portuguese: Ministério das Relações Exteriores; literally: Ministry of External Relations) conducts Brazil's foreign relations with other countries. It is commonly referred to in Brazilian media and diplomatic jargon as Itamaraty, after the palace which houses the ministry (originally in Rio de Janeiro, and currently in a second location which also bears this name in Brasília). Since 1 January 2023, the minister responsible is Mauro Vieira.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs operates the Rio Branco Institute and the Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation.
2013 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2013 TIM Supercoppa Italiana Final was the 26th edition of the Supercoppa, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Serie A and Coppa Italia competitions. Defending champions Juventus, also reigning Serie A champions, won the game 4–0 against Coppa Italia holders Lazio. It was Juventus' second consecutive Supercoppa win, and sixth overall, matching Milan's record.

Supercoppa Italiana
The Supercoppa Italiana, also known as the Italian Super Cup, is an annual super cup tournament in Italian football. Founded in 1988 as a two-team competition, it has featured four teams since 2023 (the winners and runners-up of the previous season's Serie A and Coppa Italia). Before the format change, the match was exclusively contested between the winners of the Serie A and Coppa Italia titles. Under the new rules, if a team were to be occupying more than one of the four spots, that spot would then be filled by the third and/or fourth teams in the Serie A standings.

It was originally the opening match of the new season, played at the home stadium of the previous season's Serie A champions. Since 2018, the competition has been held during the winter months, and is mainly hosted internationally. Juventus is the most successful club with nine titles. They have met Lazio on five occasions, making it the most frequent matchup in tournament history.
Giordano Orsini (senator)
Giordano Orsini was a Roman nobleman of the 14th century. Exponent of the powerful Orsini family, he was son of Matteo Rosso II Orsini, and because of that nephew of Pope Nicholas III and of cardinal Giordano Orsini. Senatore of Rome in 1341 together with Orso dell'Anguillara, on 8 April of that year they bestowed the laurel crown to Francesco Petrarca on the Capitoline Hill. During the revolutionary attempt of Cola di Rienzo, he favoured the tribune, unlike the rest of the Roman nobility. Chief of the Montegiordano line of the family, he possibly gave the name to this Roman hill.

Orsini family
The House of Orsini is an Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include five popes: Stephen II (752–757), Paul I (757–767), Celestine III (1191–1198), Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730). The family also included 34 cardinals, numerous condottieri, and other significant political and religious figures. The Orsini are part of the Black nobility who were Roman aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the Papal States.
Gmina Ostrzeszów
Gmina Ostrzeszów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ostrzeszów, which lies approximately 134 kilometres (83 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 187.49 square kilometres (72.4 sq mi), and as of 2023 its total population is 24,212 (out of which the population of Ostrzeszów amounts to 14,095, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,117).

Ostrzeszów
Ostrzeszów (Polish pronunciation: [ɔstˈʂɛʂuf] ⓘ) is a town in south-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the capital of Ostrzeszów County. Ostrzeszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The population in 2023 was 14,095 inhabitants. The town is situated around 80 kilometres (50 miles) from Wrocław, 170 km (106 miles) from Katowice and 160 km (99 miles) from Poznań.

Founded in the Middle Ages, Ostrzeszów is a former Polish royal town that owed its prosperity to crafts and trade. It became more internationally known for being the site of German-operated prisoner-of-war camps for Allied soldiers and officers of various nationalities, chiefly Polish, French, British and Norwegian, during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. One of Ostrzeszów's honorary citizens is Krzysztof Wielicki, who climbed all of the world's mountains of over 8,000 metres (26,247 feet) in height. Also, a popular guitarist, Adam Fulara was born in Ostrzeszów.
Gaussian rational
In mathematics, a Gaussian rational number is a complex number of the form p + qi, where p and q are both rational numbers.
The set of all Gaussian rationals forms the Gaussian rational field, denoted Q(i), obtained by adjoining the imaginary number i to the field of rationals Q.

Complex conjugate
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if  and  are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of  is    The complex conjugate of  is often denoted as  or .

In polar form, if  and  are real numbers then the conjugate of  is  This can be shown using Euler's formula.

The product of a complex number and its conjugate is a real number:  (or  in polar coordinates).

If a root of a univariate polynomial with real coefficients is complex, then its complex conjugate is also a root.
Western Clydesdales
The Western Clydesdales (formerly Toowoomba Clydesdales) are a rugby league football club based in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. The Clydesdales originally played in the Queensland Cup from the competition's inception in 1996 until 2006, and were the feeder club for the Brisbane Broncos between 1999 and 2006. They re-entered the Queensland Cup in 2023 as the Western Clydesdales.

Mick Madsen
Peter "Mick" Madsen (16 September 1900 – 2 February 1979) was an Australian rugby league footballer. He was a front-row forward for the Australian national team. He played in nine Tests between 1929 and 1936 as captain on one occasion and has since been named as one of the nation's finest footballers of the 20th century. He was known as a player who possessed freak strength and courage.
Hirschberg, Thuringia
Hirschberg (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪʁʃˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Saale-Orla-Kreis district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, 20 km south of Schleiz, 12 km northwest of Hof (Bavaria), and 25 km southwest of Plauen (Saxony).

Schleiz
Schleiz (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Saale-Orla-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany. The former municipality Crispendorf was merged into Schleiz in January 2019, and Burgk in December 2019.
Bronson (album)
Bronson (stylised in all caps) is the debut studio album by Bronson, the collaborative project of American DJs Odesza and Australian producer Golden Features. It was released on 7 August 2020, delayed from an initial 17 July release.

The album debuted and peaked at number 22 on the ARIA Albums Chart in Australia on 17 August 2020 and at number 5 on the US Top Dance/Electronic Albums Chart on 22 August 2020.

Laura Bettinson
Laura Bettinson (born 20 September 1987), also known by her stage names Femme and Lau.ra, is an English singer, songwriter, producer and DJ. She started writing music at 16, gigging around the Midlands area before moving to London to study Bmus Popular Music at Goldsmiths, University of London.
The Museums in Brønderslev Municipality
The Museums in Brønderslev Municipality (Danish: Museerne i Brønderslev Kommune) is the umbrella organization for three State-recognized museums in the Municipality of Brønderslev in Denmark.

The three museums are:

Brønderslev Municipality
Brønderslev Municipality (Danish: Brønderslev Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in North Jutland Region in Denmark. It covers an area of 630 km2 and has a total population of 36,706 (2025). The municipal council is located in the town of Brønderslev.

The municipality was created as the result of 2007 Kommunalreformen, and consists of the former municipalities of Brønderslev and Dronninglund. The resulting municipality was originally named Brønderslev-Dronninglund Municipality (Danish: Brønderslev-Dronninglund Kommune), the longest name of a municipality in Denmark with 32 characters. At their first meeting, the municipal council agreed to shorten the name to its current form: Brønderslev Municipality.
Funkoars
Funkoars is an Australian hip-hop act formed in 1999 in Adelaide, South Australia. The lineup consists of Daniel Rankine a.k.a. Trials (MC, producer), Adam Baker a.k.a. Sesta (MC), Matthew Honson a.k.a. Hons (MC), and Daniel Yates a.k.a. DJ Reflux (DJ).

The group is a member of the South Australian hip-hop collective Certified Wise, which features other prominent Adelaide-based artists such as Hilltop Hoods and Vents. These acts have frequently collaborated on various  Funkoars recordings as well. The group have performed throughout Australia, supporting or playing alongside acts such as Hilltop Hoods, Milkbar Stars, Koolism, Def Wish Cast, Cross Bred Mongrels, Gang Starr, Apathy & Celph Titled, and Public Enemy.

Despite being on hiatus since 2016, Funkoars remain signed to the Golden Era Records label.

Koolism
Koolism is an Australian hip hop duo originating from Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

The members are lyricist Hau Latukefu (born Langomi-e-Hau Latukefu in 1976 in Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia) and producer, DJ and musician Danielsan Ichiban (born Daniel Elleson in 1975 in Auckland, New Zealand).
Yin Changsheng
Yin Changsheng (Chinese: 陰長生; trans. "Long-life Yin", fl. AD 120–210) was a famous Daoist xian ("transcendent; immortal") from Xinye who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 CE). After serving more than ten years as a disciple of the transcendent Maming Sheng ("Horse-neigh Sheng") he received the secret Taiqing (太清; "Great Clarity") scriptures on Waidan ("External Alchemy"). Several extant texts are ascribed to Yin Changsheng, such as the Jinbi wu xianglei can tong qi (金碧五相類參同契; "The Five Categories of Metals and Minerals in the Cantong qi").

Mount Qingcheng
Mount Qingcheng (Chinese: 青城山; pinyin: Qīngchéng Shān) is a sacred Taoist mountain in Dujiangyan, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

It is considered one of the birthplaces of Taoism and one of the most important Taoist religious sites in China. In Taoist mythology, it was the site of the Yellow Emperor's studies with Ning Fengzi. As an important site of the Taoism, it became host to many Taoist monasteries and temples. The mountain has 36 peaks. The mountain is also home to Dujiangyan Giant Panda Center and since 2000 has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mount Qingcheng was affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
Kotkapura Junction railway station
Kotkapura Junction (station code: KKP) is a railway station located in Faridkot district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Kotkapura city. Kotkapura station falls under Firozpur railway division of Northern Railway zone of Indian Railways.

Firozpur railway division
Firozpur railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 14 April 1852 and its headquarters are located at Firozpur in the state of Punjab, India.

Delhi railway division, Ambala railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.

Among all the divisions of Northern Railway zone, Firzopur railway division has some of the dirtiest and most ill maintained trains, and is also infamous for haphazard non-sequential coach compositions. This has been a cause of grave concern for many passengers.
Te Kotahitanga
The Kotahitanga movement was an autonomous Māori parliament convened annually in New Zealand from 1892 until 1902. Though not recognised by the New Zealand Government, the Māori Parliament was an influential body while it lasted. By 1902 its role was largely superseded by the Māori councils established by James Carroll and Hōne Heke Ngāpua through the Māori Councils Act 1900. As a result, Kotahitanga members unanimously voted for its dissolution at the 10th Parliament at Waiōmatatini in 1902.

Te Kotahitanga was distinct from Te Kauhanganui, the Māori parliament established by the Kingitanga movement in the late 1880s, because it called for the union of all Māori tribes, whereas Te Kauhanganui was convened by and for the hapū of the Waikato-Tainui region. In 1895 the two movements considered merging, but this ultimately failed.

Te Whakakitenga
Te Whakakitenga o Waikato (also called the House in English) is the governing council of the Waikato Tainui iwi in New Zealand. Members are elected for three year terms, with each of 68 marae electing two members.

The parliament was established by Tāwhiao of the Kīngitanga in 1889 or 1890 as Te Kauhanganui.
Avissawella Electoral District
Avissawella electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Avissawella in Colombo District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Avissawella electoral district was replaced by the Colombo multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Avissawella continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Colombo Electoral District
Colombo Electoral District is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Colombo in the Western province. The district currently elects 19 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,765,351 registered electors in 2024. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 01.