hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Riemann–Hilbert problem
In mathematics, Riemann–Hilbert problems, named after Bernhard Riemann and David Hilbert, are a class of problems that arise in the study of differential equations in the complex plane. Several existence theorems for Riemann–Hilbert problems have been produced by Mark Krein, Israel Gohberg and others.

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Conocybe siligineoides
Conocybe siligineoides, also known as cone caps, Ya'nte, Ta'a'ya, or Tamu, is a species of macro-fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.  It has seldom been observed by the mycological community with all specimens having been collected in Mexico.  Originally reported as a sacred mushroom, no chemical studies have been undertaken on this species although other members of the same genus have been shown to contain psilocybin, which causes strong hallucinations. They are crushed, dried, and used in tea, and consumed fresh.

Bolbitiaceae
The Bolbitiaceae are a family of mushroom-forming basidiomycete fungi. A 2008 estimate placed 17 genera and 287 species in the family.  Bolbitiaceae was circumscribed by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1948.
History of the Jews in Catalonia
Jews of Catalonia (Catalonian Jewry, Catalonian Judaism, in Hebrew: יהדות קטלוניה) is the Jewish community that lived in the Iberian Peninsula, in the Lands of Catalonia, Valencia and Mallorca until the expulsion of 1492. Its splendor was between the 12th to 14th centuries, in which two important Torah centers flourished in Barcelona and Girona. The Catalan Jewish community developed unique characteristics, which included customs, a prayer rite (Nusach Catalonia), and a tradition of its own in issuing legal decisions (Halakhah). Although the Jews of Catalonia had a ritual of prayer  and different traditions from those of Sepharad, today they are usually included in the Sephardic Jewish community.

Following the expulsion of 1492, Jews who did not convert to Christianity were forced to emigrate to Italy, the Ottoman Empire, the Maghreb, North Africa and the Middle East.

Isaac ben Sheshet
Isaac ben Sheshet Perfet or Barfat (Hebrew: יצחק בן ששת; 1326–1408) was a Spanish Talmudic authority, also known by his acronym, Rivash (ריב"ש‎). He was born in Valencia and settled early in life in Barcelona, where he studied at the school of Nissim of Gerona.
Amargo Chuncho
Amargo Chuncho or Chuncho Bitters is a bitters product from Peru traditionally used to make a Pisco Sour.

Made in Lima, Peru, Amargo Chuncho bitters are aged for six months in barrels. The bitters comprise cinnamon, allspice, nutmeg, floral notes, cherry and cola.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.
Kane Cornes
Kane Graham Cornes (born 5 January 1983) is a sports journalist, commentator and former Australian rules footballer who played for Port Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL). Known primarily as a tagger, Cornes is a four-time John Cahill Medal winner and held the club record for the most games for Port Adelaide in the AFL, before being surpassed by Travis Boak.

Following his retirement from the AFL, Cornes transitioned into media, becoming a commentator and analyst. He appears regularly for Seven Network and SEN, having previously featured on The Sunday Footy Show and Footy Classified.

Glenelg Football Club
The Glenelg Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers or the Bays, is an Australian rules football team which plays in the South Australian National Football League. Their home ground is Stratarama Stadium (formerly Glenelg Oval), located in the southern coastal suburb of Glenelg East, South Australia.
Alloencotyllabe
Alloencotyllabe is a genus of parasitic monogenean in the family Capsalidae. It is monotypic, containing the sole species Alloencotyllabe caranxi. The specific epithet was derived from the type host of the species, which was fish belonging to the genus Caranx. It has been found from type specimens in the Persian Gulf.

Capsalidae
Capsalidae is a family of monopisthocotylean monogeneans, which includes about 200 species.

The monophyly of the Capsalidae is supported by possession of accessory sclerites in the haptor (the posterior attachment organ), and was confirmed by molecular phylogeny. Their oncomiracidium (the free larva) is distinct from that of other families.

Capsalids are parasite on various organs of marine fish (teleosts and elasmobranchs), including skin, fins and gills. Several capsalid species, such a Neobenedenia spp. are pathogenic, especially on maricultured fish.
Halton West
Halton West is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population in 2015 at 70. It is situated on the River Ribble and is 7 miles (11 km) north of Barnoldswick, 7 miles (11 km) south of Settle and 12 miles (19 km) west of Skipton.

The place was first recorded in about 1200 as Halton.  The name is derived from the Old English halh 'nook' and tūn 'farm or village', so means 'farm or village in or by a nook'. "West" was added to distinguish the village from another Halton, now Halton East, 12 miles (19 km) to the east.

Halton West, historically also known as West Halton, was a township in the ancient parish of Long Preston in the West Riding of Yorkshire.  It became a civil parish in 1866, and in 1974 was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Skipton
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the East Division of Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to the south of the Yorkshire Dales. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) north-west of Leeds and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the 2021 Census, the population was 15,042. The town has been listed as one of the best and happiest places to live in the UK.
2013: Infected Wars
2013: Infected Wars is a horror shooter video game both developed and published by Action Mobile Games. It was released on September 4, 2013, for the iOS, on March 24, 2015, in North America, and on July 2, 2015, in Europe for the PlayStation Vita. 2013: Infected Wars uses Epic Games's Unreal Engine 3.

Shooter game
Shooter video games, or shooters, are a subgenre of action video games where the focus is on the defeat of the character's enemies using ranged weapons given to the player. Usually these weapons are firearms or some other long-range weapons, and can be used in combination with other tools such as grenades for indirect offense, armor for additional defense, or accessories such as telescopic sights to modify the behavior of the weapons. A common resource found in many shooter games is ammunition, armor or health, or upgrades which augment the player character's weapons.

Shooter games test the player's spatial awareness, reflexes, and speed in both isolated single player or networked multiplayer environments. Shooter games encompass many subgenres that have the commonality of focusing on the actions of the avatar engaging in combat with a weapon against both code-driven NPC enemies or other avatars controlled by other players.
Baybay language
The Baybay language, also known as Baybayanon, Utudnon, Waya-Waya or Leyte, is a distinct regional language that was spoken on the island of Leyte in the Philippines before the arrival of Waray and then later, Boholano and Cebuano. It is still spoken around the city of Baybay. It is part of the Bisayan language family and is closely related to other Philippine languages.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
A4080 road
The A4080 is a British A road which is located on the Island of Anglesey, Wales. It follows a very roundabout route from the A5 road at Llanfairpwllgwyngyll via Newborough and Rhosneigr back to the A55 and the A5 about 9 miles (14 km) south of Holyhead. In all the road is about 17 miles (27 km) long.

A55 road
The A55, also known as the North Wales Expressway (Welsh: Gwibffordd Gogledd Cymru), is a major road in Wales and England, connecting Cheshire and North Wales. The vast majority of its length from Chester to Holyhead is a dual carriageway primary route, with the exception of the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait and several short sections where there are gaps in between the two carriageways. All junctions are grade separated apart from a roundabout east of Penmaenmawr and another nearby in Llanfairfechan. Initially, the road ran from Chester to Bangor. In 2001, it was extended across Anglesey to the ferry port of Holyhead parallel to the A5. The road improvements have been part funded with European money, under the Trans-European Networks programme, as the route is designated part of Euroroute E22 (Holyhead – Leeds – Amsterdam – Hamburg – Malmö – Riga – Moscow – Perm – Ekaterinburg – Ishim).
Carnival Dream
Carnival Dream is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. She is the lead ship of her namesake class, which includes Carnival Magic, Carnival Breeze, and Costa Diadema. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on October 24, 2008, and christened by Marcia Gay Harden.

At 128,250 GT, Carnival Dream was once the largest Carnival Cruise Ship. It lost this title to the Carnival Magic, when she was introduced in 2011.

Costa Diadema
Costa Diadema is a Dream-class cruise ship owned by Carnival Corporation and operated by Costa Crociere. The ship was ordered in October 2012 and was delivered to Costa on 25 October 2014. At her time of delivery, Costa Diadema was the largest vessel to fly an Italian flag and was Costa's largest vessel at the time; she was formerly Costa Crociere's flagship being replaced by the Costa Toscana in 2022.
Cinemeccanica
Cinemeccanica is a motion picture equipment company specializing in cinema projectors. The company was formed in 1920 in Milan, Italy. Currently they have two film projectors available, the Victoria 5 (introduced in 1975) and the Victoria 8 (introduced in 1961). A new digital projector, the CMC3 D2 is also available.

The Victoria 8 at one time came in two models, a 35 mm film gauge and a dual 35/70 mm film gauge. The projector has become less popular in recent years with the smaller and cheaper Victoria 5 now the best selling projector from Cinemeccanica.

The company also manufacture film platter systems (the CNR-35N), film rewinders and Dolby Digital and SR soundtrack readers.

Movie projector
A movie projector (or film projector) is an opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras. Modern movie projectors are specially built video projectors (see also digital cinema).

Many projectors are specific to a particular film gauge and not all movie projectors are film projectors since the use of film is required.
Windham-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Windham-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Windham-2 District includes all of the Windham County towns of Halifax, Whitingham, and Wilmington.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Windham-2 District had a population of 4,305 in that same census, 6.06% above the state average.

Whitingham, Vermont
Whitingham is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Nathan Whiting, a landholder. The population was 1,344 at the 2020 census. Whitingham is the birthplace of Brigham Young, the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and founder of Salt Lake City, Utah. Its village center, a census-designated place, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Whitingham Village Historic District.
Speedy Dado
Diosdado Posadas (December 25, 1906 – July 2, 1990), better known as Speedy Dado, was a Filipino boxer who contended for the world flyweight, bantamweight, and featherweight championships. His managers included Frank Churchill, and Jesus Cortez.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Megh Malhar
Megh Malhar is a Hindustani classical raga. The name derives from the Sanskrit word Megh, meaning cloud. Legends say that this raga has the power to bring out rains in the area where it is sung. Megh Malhar is similar to raga Megh with a tint of Malhar in it.

According to Indian classical vocalist Pandit Jasraj, Megh Malhar is a seasonal raag and is sung as invitation to rains.

Carnatic raga
A Carnatic raga (ರಾಗ , రాగం , ராகம் , രാഗം , ରାଗ) refers to ragas used in Carnatic music. It has several components: a primordial sound (nāda), tonal system (swara), pitch (śruti), scale, ornaments (gamaka), and important tones.
2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Three
2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Three was a cricket tournament that took place in Uganda between 23 and 30 May 2017.  The matches took place in Lugogo, Kyambogo and Entebbe. The top two teams, Oman and Canada, were promoted to Division Two. The final ended as a no result due to rain, and therefore Oman won the tournament by virtue of finishing top of the group stage table.

Three countries bid to host the tournament – Canada, Malaysia, and Uganda. In October 2016, the International Cricket Council (ICC) approved a proposal for the tournament to be held in Uganda, subject to security arrangements and costs. Two ICC officials toured the country in December 2016, meeting with the country's First Lady, Janet Museveni, and Prime Minister, Ruhakana Rugunda. Museveni pledged government support for the tournament.

2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three
The 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three was a cricket divisional tournament organised by the International Cricket Council. It formed part of the ICC World Cricket League (WCL) and qualification for the 2019 World Cup. The top two teams in the tournament, Nepal and Uganda, qualified for the 2015 WCL Division Two tournament, to be held in Namibia, while the bottom two teams, United States and Bermuda, were relegated to the 2016 WCL Division Four tournament.

Malaysia hosted the event, from 23 to 30 October 2014. It was originally scheduled to be held in Uganda, but in September 2014 the ICC shifted the tournament to Malaysia due to security concerns, at the suggestion of the Malaysian Cricket Association. Players from Bermuda and the United States had indicated they would not take part in the tournament if it was held in Uganda.
Overlay complex
In telecommunications, an area code overlay complex is a telephone numbering plan that assigns multiple area codes to the same geographic numbering plan area (NPA). Area code overlays are implemented in territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) to mitigate exhaustion of central office codes in growth areas. The method has been in use since 1992, and has been the exclusive method of area code relief since 2007.

Incumbent local exchange carrier
An incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company which held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm, in the United States and Canada.
2010 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Men's doubles
František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák were the defending champions, but chose not to participate that year, competing in Dubai instead.

Łukasz Kubot and Oliver Marach won in the final 6–0, 6–0, against Fabio Fognini and Potito Starace.

2010 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 2010 Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships was a 500 Series event on the 2010 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2010 WTA Tour. Both of the events took place at The Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The women's tournament took place from February 14 to February 20, 2010, while the men's tournament took place from February 22 to February 28, 2010 (it was planned, that the tournament would end on February 27, 2010, but due to rain the final was suspended). Novak Djokovic and Venus Williams won the singles titles.
Stow Bardolph
Stow Bardolph, sometimes simply referred to as Stow, is an estate and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, lying between King's Lynn and Downham Market on the A10.

It covers an area of 6,100 acres (2,500 ha) and had a population of 1,014 in 421 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 1,230 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. The parish includes Stowbridge and Barroway Drove.

Hare baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Hare, one in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2026.

Hare baronets of Stow Bardolph (1641)

Hare baronets of Stow Hall (1818)

Hare baronets of Stow Hall (1905): see Sir Thomas Leigh Hare, 1st Baronet (1859–1941)
Ramsagar railway station
Ramsagar railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line in Adra railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Ramsagar–Nakaijuri Road at Bar Magura, Ramsagar of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Adra railway division
Adra railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 14 April 1961 and its headquarter is located at Adra town in Purulia district of West Bengal. The Divisional Railway Managers building was established in the year of 1913 which has completed its 100 years in 2013. It was earlier the headquarter of Adra district in BNR.

Kharagpur railway division, Chakradharpur railway division and Ranchi railway division are the other three railway divisions under SER Zone headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata.
Minnie Lou Bradley
Minnie Lou Bradley (née Ottinger; December 15, 1931 – August 5, 2025) was an American rancher and cattlewoman. She was inducted into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in 2006. Bradley is considered an innovator in the beef cattle industry.

American Angus
The American Angus is an American breed of beef cattle. It derives from the Scottish Aberdeen Angus population, but may only be black; red-coated individuals may not be registered with the American Angus Association, but can be registered as Red Angus.: 730 : 238
Pretoria District North (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Pretoria District North (Afrikaans: Pretoria-Distrik-Noord) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1929. It covered a rural area to the north of Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Reflec Beat Volzza
Reflec Beat Volzza (stylized as REFLEC BEAT VOLZZA) is the fifth installment of the touch-screen based music video game, Reflec Beat series. It was announced on August 26, 2015 as the sequel of Reflec Beat Groovin'!! with location testing period beginning from August 28 to 30, 2015. It was released on October 28, 2015.

Bemani
Bemani, stylized in all caps, is Konami's music video game division. Originally named the Game Machine Division (G.M.D.), it changed its name in honor of its first and most successful game, Beatmania, and expanded into other music-based games, most notably rhythm games such as Dance Dance Revolution, GuitarFreaks, and DrumMania.
Augsburg (district)
Augsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊksbʊʁk] ⓘ; Swabian German: Augschburg) is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the city of Augsburg and the districts of Aichach-Friedberg, Landsberg, Ostallgäu, Unterallgäu, Günzburg, Dillingen and Donau-Ries. The city of Augsburg is not part of the district, but nonetheless is its administrative seat.

Swabia (Bavaria)
Swabia (German: Schwaben, Swabian: Schwaabe, Bavarian: Schwobm) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany. It consists of ten districts and 340 municipalities (including four cities) with Augsburg being the administrative capital.