hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arkadi Ghukasyan
Arkadi Arshaviri Ghukasyan (Armenian: Արկադի Արշավիրի Ղուկասյան; born 22 June 1957) is an Armenian politician who served as the second President of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. He was elected as the President on 8 September 1997 and re-elected in 2002, until his term ended on 7 September 2007 and was succeeded by Bako Sahakyan. He was detained by Azerbaijani forces after the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh and is currently facing criminal charges in Azerbaijan.

President of Artsakh
The president of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության նախագահ, Russian: Президент Нагорно-Карабахской Республики) is the head of state and head of government of the government-in-exile of the once de facto Republic of Artsakh.

In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the republic voted in favor of adopting a presidential system of governance.

Arayik Harutyunyan was elected president in the 2020 Artsakhian general election. He resigned on 1 September 2023. On 9 September 2023, Samvel Shahramanyan was elected president by Artsakh's parliament to replace Harutyunyan.

Following the Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024, however instead of dissolving, they established a government-in-exile in Yerevan, Armenia presided by Samvel Shahramanyan. The prime minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, has since severely opposed the government-in-exile's existence in Armenia.
Killowen
Killowen (from Irish  Cill Eoghain 'Eoghan's church', now spelt Cill Eoin, alternatively spelt Cill Abhainn) is a small village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is in the townland of Ballinran near Rostrevor and on the shore of Carlingford Lough. Ballinran is in the Electoral Division of Killowen, in Civil Parish of Kilbroney, in the barony of Iveagh Upper, Upper Half within the Newry and Mourne District Council area.

Rostrevor
Rostrevor (Irish: Ros Treabhair) is a village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies at the foot of Slieve Martin on the coast of Carlingford Lough, near Warrenpoint. The Kilbroney River flows through the village and Rostrevor Forest is nearby. 7.5 miles (12 km) south-east of Newry, the village is within the Newry, Mourne and Down local government district.

Rostrevor had a population of 2,800 in the 2011 Census.
Dorsum sellae
The dorsum sellae is part of the sphenoid bone in the skull. Together with the basilar part of the occipital bone it forms the clivus.

In the sphenoid bone, the anterior boundary of the sella turcica is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the middle clinoid processes, while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the dorsum sellae, ending at its superior angles in two tubercles, the posterior clinoid processes, the size and form of which vary considerably in different individuals.

Basilar part of occipital bone
The basilar part of the occipital bone (also basioccipital) extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline.

In the young skull, this area is rough and uneven, and is joined to the body of the sphenoid by a plate of cartilage.

By the twenty-fifth year, this cartilaginous plate is ossified, and the occipital and sphenoid form a continuous bone.
1891 Paisley by-election
The 1891 Paisley by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 June 1891 for the British House of Commons constituency of Paisley in Scotland. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Liberal Member of Parliament William Boyle Barbour who had held the seat since the 1885 general election.

Paisley (UK Parliament constituency)
Paisley was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1983, when it was divided into Paisley North and Paisley South. These two constituencies were in turn amalgamated into Paisley and Renfrewshire South and Paisley and Renfrewshire North in 2005.
Ballograf
Ballograf AB is a Swedish manufacturer of writing implements. Ballograf manufactures its products from raw materials to finished product in its factory in Västra Frölunda, Gothenburg.

Current range of instruments manufactured by Ballograf include mechanical pencils and ballpoint pens. The company is also distributor of several brands in Sweden, such as Sheaffer, Staedtler and Cross, which allow Ballograf to expand its variety to fountain and rollerball pens.

Sheaffer
Sheaffer Pen Corporation (/ˈʃeɪfər/) is an American manufacturing company of writing instruments, particularly luxury fountain pens. The company was founded by Walter A. Sheaffer in Fort Madison, Iowa, and incorporated in 1913 to exploit his invention of a lever-filling fountain pen. The brand was sold by French company Bic to A. T. Cross Company in August, 2014.  In August, 2022 the brand was sold to and is currently owned by William Penn Private Limited, a multi-brand retailer and distributor of writing instruments and accessories.
Stuffed apples
Stuffed apples (Armenian: լցոնած խնձոր, Persian: دلمه سیب, Turkish: Elma dolması) are made of apples stuffed with meat (lamb) and rice.  The ingredients typically include green apples, minced meat, rice, onion, tomato paste, parsley, mint, cinnamon, salt, black pepper, and vegetable oil.

Armenian stuffed apples are made with apples stuffed with minced meat, parsley, mint, tarragon, black pepper, salt, raisins, apricots, walnuts, allspice, cinnamon, sumac, cumin, sumac flavored grape syrup, sautéed onions and garlic. This type of stuffed apples is called Etchmiadzin Dolma.

Iranian stuffed apples are made with apples that are stuffed with onion, turmeric, cloves, butter, minced meat, rice, grape syrup, cinnamon, pepper, lemon juice, and brown sugar.

In most variations, the apples are cooked in sumac flavored grape juice or syrup.

Sumac
Sumac or sumach (/ˈsuːmæk, ˈʃuː-/ S(H)OO-mak, UK also /ˈsjuː-/)—not to be confused with poison sumac—is any of the roughly 35 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus (and related genera) of the cashew and mango tree family, Anacardiaceae. However, it is Rhus coriaria that is most commonly used for culinary purposes. Sumac is prized as a spice—especially in Iranian cuisine, and other Eastern cuisines—and used as a dye and holistic remedy. The plants grow in subtropical and temperate regions, on nearly every continent except Antarctica and South America.
It holds cultural significance as a symbolic item on the Haft-sin table during Nowruz, the Persian New Year.
Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal
Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Criminal (National Directorate of Criminal Intelligence, DNIC) is an Argentine intelligence agency, part of the National Intelligence System. It used to depend on the Secretaría de Seguridad Interior (Secretariat of Interior Security), which itself depends on the Ministry of Interior; currently, the DNIC depends from the National Ministry of Security. The DNIC is not a division of the Secretaría de Inteligencia (SIDE), which has its own Directorate of Interior Intelligence.

Argentine National Gendarmerie
The Argentine National Gendarmerie (Spanish: Gendarmería Nacional Argentina, GNA) is the national gendarmerie force and corps of border guards of the Argentine Republic. As at 2011, It has a strength of 30,000

The gendarmerie is primarily a frontier guard force but also fulfils other important roles. The force functions from what are today five regional headquarters at Campo de Mayo, Córdoba, Rosario, San Miguel de Tucumán and Bahía Blanca.
Bellvale, New York
Bellvale is a wooded hamlet in the town of Warwick in Orange County, New York, United States. Situated in the morning shadow of Bellvale Mountain along New York State Route 17A, Bellvale was the site of an iron forge destroyed by British Army soldiers in 1750; many of its homes and other structures date from before American independence. While close to New York City, its location in the Warwick Valley has prevented suburban development.

Sterling Forest State Park
Sterling Forest State Park is a 22,180-acre (89.8 km2) state park located in the Ramapo Mountains in Orange County, New York. Established in 1998, it is among the larger additions to the New York state park system in the last 50 years.
Emilio Carranza
Captain Emilio Carranza Rodríguez (December 9, 1905 – July 12, 1928), was a Mexican aviator and national hero, nicknamed the "Lindbergh of Mexico". He died on the return part of a historic goodwill flight from Mexico City to the United States. He crashed in New Jersey shortly after take-off from New York.

Chatsworth, New Jersey
Chatsworth is an unincorporated community located within Woodland Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08019. The New Jersey Central's Blue Comet passenger train was wrecked here in 1939. Chatsworth has been called "Capital of the Pine Barrens."

As of the 2000 United States census, the population for ZIP Code Tabulation Area 08019 was 883.
Crus of diaphragm
The crus of diaphragm (pl.: crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column. There is a right crus and a left crus, which together form a tether for muscular contraction. They take their name from their leg-shaped appearance – crus meaning leg in Latin.

Intervertebral disc
An intervertebral disc (British English), also spelled intervertebral disk (American English), lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.
Conservatory of Ho Chi Minh City
The Music Conservatory of Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Nhạc viện Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a conservatory in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam that provides music education in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate level for the southern region of Vietnam. It is one of three conservatories in Vietnam (besides Hanoi Conservatory of Music and Hue Conservatory).

Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts
Ho Chi Minh City University of Fine Arts (Vietnamese: Đại học Mỹ thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a university in Bình Thạnh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The predecessor of this school was the École des Dessins, founded by André Joyeux in 1913, which became the École des Arts appliqués de Gia Đinh (Trung học Trang trí Mỹ thuật Gia Định) from 1940 to 1971.

Under the administration of the Republic of Vietnam, from 1971, the school was upgraded to become Saigon College of Fine Arts. The Fine Arts College was founded in 1976. In 1981, the Vietnamese prime minister decided to found the university as it is today.
Mount Currie (British Columbia)
Mount Currie (Lillooet: Ts̓zil [tsʼzel]) is the northernmost summit of the Garibaldi Ranges in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.  Its north face dominates the "skyline" of the Pemberton Valley and is one of the peaks visible from the Whistler-Blackcomb Ski Area just southwest.  Mount Currie is the namesake of Mount Currie, British Columbia and the adjoining Mount Currie Indian Reserve, home of the Lil'wat First Nation.

The mountain was named for John Currie, the first permanent non-indigenous settler in the Pemberton Valley, who homesteaded the Currie Ranch (a.k.a. "Currie's", later the name of a Pacific Great Eastern Railway stop) in what is now the area of the Mount Currie community/reserve in the 1870s and was the re-builder of the Pemberton Trail.

Pemberton Valley
The Pemberton Valley is a valley flanking the Lillooet River upstream from Lillooet Lake, including the communities of Mount Currie, Pemberton, British Columbia and the agricultural district surrounding them and flanking the river as far upstream as the Pemberton Meadows area. The term is normally used only to refer to inhabited parts of the valley, not the unsettled areas to the north of Pemberton Meadows although the official definition extends from the head of Lillooet Lake all the way up to the confluence of Meager Creek. Historically the region was part of the Lillooet Country but due to re-orientation of the area's economy and society since the opening and expansion of BC Highway 99 the area is now more considered to be part of the Sea-to-Sky Corridor.
World Trade Center Gibraltar
World Trade Center Gibraltar is a World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) office complex located in Gibraltar.  The WTCA approved the establishment of the WTC Gibraltar at the conclusion of its Annual General Assembly in Beijing, China, in October 2010.

The 253,600 square feet (23,560 m2), seven-storey
 WTC Gibraltar building was officially opened on 15 February 2017 by Fabian Picardo, Chief Minister of Gibraltar, and Dr Joseph Garcia, Deputy Chief Minister with a 97% occupancy / reservation rate. Constructed adjacent to Ocean Village, a mixed use marina complex, it includes a Regus Business Centre, state-of-the-art telecommunications, high speed lifts, climate control, electronic security access, CCTV, parking, two food and beverage outlets, a creche, and a print services operation.

World Trade Centers Association
The World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) was founded in 1970 by Port Authority NYNJ executive Guy F. Tozzoli. WTCA is a not-for-profit, non-political association dedicated to the establishment and operation of World Trade Centers (WTCs) as instruments for international trade expansion.

As of May 2020, the WTCA included 323 properties licensed in 90 countries and staffed by "15,000 WTC professionals".  The WTCA is an unofficial umbrella trade association that unites corporations and government agencies in international trade.
Lewisham, New South Wales
Lewisham is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lewisham is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council.

Thomas Becket
Thomas Becket (/ˈbɛkɪt/ ⓘ), also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), was an English cleric and statesman who served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170. He is known for his conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. He was canonised by Pope Alexander III two years after his death. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.
STS-126
STS-126 was the one hundred and twenty-fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and twenty-second orbital flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour (OV-105) to the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of the mission, referred to as ULF2 by the ISS program, was to deliver equipment and supplies to the station, to service the Solar Alpha Rotary Joints (SARJ), and repair the problem in the starboard SARJ that had limited its use since STS-120. STS-126 launched on 15 November 2008 at 00:55:39 UTC from Launch Pad 39A (LC-39A) at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) with no delays or issues. Endeavour successfully docked with the station on 16 November 2008. After spending 15 days, 20 hours, 30 minutes, and 30 seconds docked to the station, during which the crew performed four spacewalks, and transferred cargo, the orbiter undocked on 28 November 2008. Due to poor weather at Kennedy Space Center, Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force Base on 30 November 2008 at 21:25:09 UTC.

STS-120
STS-120 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched on October 23, 2007, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The mission is also referred to as ISS-10A by the ISS program. STS-120 delivered the Harmony module and reconfigured a portion of the station in preparation for future assembly missions. STS-120 was flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, and was the twenty-third Space Shuttle mission to the ISS. It was Discovery's 34th flight.
Nova Londrina
Nova Londrina is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

Nova Londrina received many Germans and Italians who worked on agricultural farms. The city borders the municipalities of Diamante do Norte, Itaúna do sul, Marilena, Loanda, Guairaçá, Terra Rica, and the state of São Paulo.

Diamante do Norte
Diamante do Norte is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

The municipality contains the 1,427 hectares (3,530 acres) Caiuá Ecological Station, created in 1994 as compensation for flooding caused by the Rosana Dam on the Paranapanema River.
Pythio railway station
Pythion railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Πυθίου, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Pythíou) is a railway station that serves the village of Pythion in Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.  It is at the junction where the railway to Ormenio and Bulgaria branches off the main line from Thessaloniki to Istanbul through Alexandroupolis and Uzunköprü.  Located southeast of the village of Pythion, it is unstaffed, however there are waiting rooms available, if in a dilapidated state. The station is the final stop in Greece before crossing the border into Turkey. There is another railway stop closer to the village, Στάση Πυθίου ("Pythion halt").

Hellenic Railways Organisation
The Hellenic Railways Organisation or OSE (Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, romanized: Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados or Greek: Ο.Σ.Ε.) was the Greek national railway company which owned, maintained and operated all railway infrastructure in Greece with the exception of Athens' rapid transit lines from 1971 to 2025. Services on these lines are run by Hellenic Train, a former OSE subsidiary, Rail Cargo Logistics Goldair, Pearl and Grup Feroviar Român.
Trolleybuses in Maidstone
The Maidstone trolleybus system once served Maidstone, the county town of Kent, England.  Opened on 1 May 1928 (1928-05-01), it gradually replaced the Maidstone tramway network.

By the standards of the various now defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Maidstone system was a small one, with just two routes, and a maximum fleet of only 24 trolleybuses.  It was closed on 15 April 1967 (1967-04-15).

Three of the former Maidstone trolleybuses are now preserved, two of them at the Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, Lincolnshire, and the other at the East Anglia Transport Museum, Carlton Colville, Suffolk.

Maidstone
Maidstone is the largest town in the county of Kent in South East England, of which it is also the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, which is known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had an approximate population of 100,000 in 2019. Since World War II, the town's economy has shifted from heavy industry towards light industry and services.
Shell builtin
In computing, a shell builtin is a command or a function, exposed by a shell, that is implemented in the shell itself, instead of an external program which the shell would load and execute.

A shell builtin starts faster than an external program because there is no program loading overhead. However, its implementation code is in the shell program, and thus modifying it requires modifying the shell. Therefore, a shell builtin is usually only used for simple, almost trivial, commands, such as text output.

Some commands must be implemented as builtins due to the nature of the operating system. 
Notably, the cd command, which changes the working directory of the shell is often a builtin since a program runs in a separate process and working directory is specific to each process. Running cd as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it.

Shell (computing)
An operating system shell is a computer program that provides relatively broad and direct access to the system on which it runs. The term shell refers to how it is a relatively thin layer around an operating system.

Most shells are command-line interface (CLI) programs. Some graphical user interfaces (GUI) also include shells.
Big Mac–Wage Metric
The Big Mac–Wage Metric is a category of many similar economic measures which are semi-humorous ways to compare purchasing power parity and wage parity. The metric compares the relative price of a Big Mac, a hamburger sold at the McDonald's Franchise, in a country or region, and compares it to that region's wages. The specifics may vary—sources may use either minimum, mean, or median wages, before or after income taxation, and may use the price of a Big Mac burger or the price of a Big Mac meal, which includes fries and a drink. It appears that each variation of this metric was developed independently, and thus it is not referred to by a common name.

Big Mac Index
The Big Mac Index is a price index published since 1986 by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and providing a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries. It "seeks to make exchange-rate theory a bit more digestible." The index compares the relative price worldwide to purchase the Big Mac, the flagship hamburger sold at McDonald's restaurants.
Gmina Tereszpol
Gmina Tereszpol is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Tereszpol, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Biłgoraj and 78 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 144.01 square kilometres (55.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,030.

Biłgoraj
Biłgoraj [bʲiwˈɡɔraj] ⓘ (Yiddish: בילגאריי, Bilgoray) is a town in Lublin Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland with 25,838 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is located south of Lublin and it is also the capital of Biłgoraj County. Historically, the town belongs to Lesser Poland. Biłgoraj is surrounded by a forest, with three rivers flowing through it.
Flat-spired three-toothed snail
The flat-spired three-toothed snail (Triodopsis platysayoides)—also known as the Cheat three-toothed snail after the Cheat River in West Virginia—is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae.

Coopers Rock State Forest
Coopers Rock State Forest is a 12,747-acre (52 km2) state forest in Monongalia and Preston counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia.  Its southern edge abuts Cheat Lake and the canyon section of Cheat River, a popular whitewater rafting river in the eastern United States.
Wallingford Fire and Police Station
The Wallingford Fire and Police Station, also known as the Wallingford Police Precinct Station, at  1629 N. 45th St. in Seattle, Washington was built in 1913. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It was designed by architect Daniel Riggs Huntington to house Seattle Fire Department's station #11 and the Seattle Police Department's station #6, which occupied the southern third of the building.  It is a two-story 62 by 85 feet (19 m × 26 m) wood-frame building with a partial basement. It was built in 1913, then modified in 1921 when horse-drawn equipment was retired, then remodeled again in 1965.

Seattle Fire Department
The Seattle Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Seattle, Washington, United States. The department is responsible for an area of 142.5 square miles (369 km2), including 193 miles (311 km) of waterfront, with a population of 713,700. There is a total of 1,065 employees with 981 uniformed personnel and 84 civilian employees.