hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum decoherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.  It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems that can be explained by classical mechanics.  Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several  directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is one of the primary practical applications of the concept.

Unitarity (physics)
In quantum physics, unitarity is (or a unitary process has) the condition that the time evolution of a quantum state according to the Schrödinger equation is mathematically represented by a unitary operator. This is typically taken as an axiom or basic postulate of quantum mechanics, while generalizations of or departures from unitarity are part of speculations about theories that may go beyond quantum mechanics. A unitarity bound is any inequality that follows from the unitarity of the evolution operator, i.e. from the statement that time evolution preserves inner products in Hilbert space.
Nicolaas van Nieuwland
Nicolaas van Nieuwland, or Nicolas Van Nienlant (9 June 1510 – 15 July 1580) was a Dutch Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Haarlem and abbot of Egmond Abbey from 1562 to 1569 and as Auxiliary Bishop of Utrecht (1541–?).

George van Egmond
George or Joris van Egmont (2 July 1504, Egmond – 26 September 1559, Saint-Amand Abbey) was a Dutch nobleman who served as Bishop of Utrecht from 1535 until his death in 1559. Following the death of his predecessor, Willem van Enckevoirt, on 19 July 1534, Egmond was appointed Bishop by Emperor Charles V. Egmond's appointment was confirmed by Pope Paul III on 26 February 1535.
Sartuf Kat
Sartuf Kat (Persian: سرطوف كت, also Romanized as Sarţūf Kat; also known as Sarţūf) is a village in Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206, in 37 families.

Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District
Bahmai-ye Garmsiri-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بهمئي گرمسيرئ جنوبي) is in the Central District of Bahmai County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kat. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Likak.
White etching cracks
White etching cracks (WEC), or white structure flaking or brittle flaking, is a type of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage that can occur in bearing steels under certain conditions, such as hydrogen embrittlement, high stress, inadequate lubrication, and high temperature. WEC is characterised by the presence of white areas of microstructural alteration in the material, which can lead to the formation of small cracks that can grow and propagate over time, eventually leading to premature failure of the bearing. WEC has been observed in a variety of applications, including wind turbine gearboxes, automotive engines, and other heavy machinery. The exact mechanism of WEC formation is still a subject of research, but it is believed to be related to a combination of microstructural changes, such as phase transformations and grain boundary degradation, and cyclic loading.

Martensite
Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure. It is named after German metallurgist Adolf Martens. By analogy the term can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by diffusionless transformation.
The Aroostook Review
The Aroostook Review is "the online literary journal of the English Program at the University of Maine at Fort Kent." Geraldine Cannon Becker is the editor-in-chief of the literary journal, initiated in 2006. The magazine publishes poetry, fiction, non-fiction, as well as artwork in each annual issue. The journal has not been published since 2011.

University of Maine at Fort Kent
The University of Maine at Fort Kent (UMaine Fort Kent or UMFK; French: Université du Maine à Fort-Kent) is a public college in Fort Kent, Maine, United States. It is the northernmost campus of the University of Maine System. It is an academic center for Acadian and French American culture and heritage, and French-speaking Mainers from throughout the state. It currently has an enrollment of 1,557 students.

It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges - General".
Edward Turner Bale
Edward Turner Bale (1810 – October 9, 1849), later known by his Spanish name Don Eduardo A. Bale, was a British-born Californian physician, entrepreneur, and ranchero. He is known for having built the Bale Grist Mill in Napa County, California.

Calistoga, California
Calistoga (Wappo: Nilektsonoma) is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the city had a population of 5,228 as of the 2020 census.

Calistoga was founded in 1868 when the California Pacific Railroad was built, establishing the town as a tourist destination for its Calistoga Hot Springs. Today, Calistoga continues as a popular tourist destination in Wine Country, owing to its vineyards and historic landmarks.
Blair Clark
Ledyard Blair Clark (August 22, 1917 – June 6, 2000) was an American liberal journalist and political activist who played key roles both as a journalist and a political operator. He was general manager and vice president of CBS News from 1961 to 1964, and later became editor of The Nation magazine. He was Senator Eugene McCarthy's national campaign manager for the 1968 presidential nomination.

St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)
St. Mark's School is an Episcopal college-preparatory day and boarding school in Southborough, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. Founded in 1865, it was one of the first British-style boarding schools in the United States.

St. Mark's educates 377 students, 75% of whom reside on campus. The school has a 4:1 student-faculty ratio, and 30% of the students are on financial aid.
Rugby league in Sydney
Rugby league in Sydney is the city's most popular sport, with over 200 clubs in the city across levels of competition ranging from the fully professional National Rugby League to grassroots open age and junior leagues.

Australian Rugby League Commission
The Australian Rugby League Commission Limited (ARL), formerly the Australian Rugby Football League Limited is an Australian rugby league football competition operator.

It was founded in 1986 as the Australian Rugby Football League Limited and succeeded the Australian Rugby Football League Board of Control which had been formed in 1924. Since its inception, the ARL has administered the Australian national team and represented Australia in international rugby league matters. Prior to 1998, the code in Australia had been principally administered by individual state leagues on a domestic basis, and the ARL on a national and international basis.
Vincenzo Giustiniani (Dominican)
Vincenzo Giustiniani (August 1516, Chios – 28 October 1582 Rome) was an Italian-Greek friar of the Dominican order of Genoese heritage.

He was Master General of the order from 1558 to 1570. He was elevated to Cardinal of S. Nicola fra le Immagini in the consistory of 17 May 1570.

Master of the Order of Preachers
The Master of the Order of Preachers is the Superior General of the Order of Preachers, commonly known as the Dominicans.

The Master of the Order of Preachers is ex officio Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome, Italy, and of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines.

Fr. Gerard Francisco Timoner III serves as Master of the Order, since his 2019 election at the General Chapter held in Biên Hòa.
Regge (river)
The Regge ['rɛɣə] is a river in the Netherlands. It is sometimes described as a stream. It is a tributary to the Vecht of Overijssel.

The source of the Regge is near the town Goor. It flows north through Rijssen, Nijverdal, and Hellendoorn. The Regge joins the Vecht near Ommen.

Goor
Goor (pronounced [ɣoːr]) is a city in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Enschede. Goor received city rights in 1263.

Goor was a separate municipality until 2001, when it became part of Hof van Twente. Goor had a statue of Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol, but it was destroyed in 1787 by royalist Orangists in the defeat of the republican movement.
Bar Councils in Pakistan
The seven Bar Councils in Pakistan came into being as a result of enactment of Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Act 1973. These Bar Councils regulate legal professionals across provincial, territorial and national level. All bar associations in the country are affiliated to and work under the control of one of these bar councils.

Pakistan Bar Council

Punjab Bar Council

Sindh Bar Council

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council

Balochistan Bar Council

Islamabad Bar Council

Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bar Council

Gilgit Baltistan Bar Council

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council
The  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council also known as KP Bar Council is a statutory & deliberative assembly of lawyers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for safeguarding the rights, interests and privileges of practicing lawyers, within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The council also works on regulating the conduct of lawyers and helping them in the administration of justice. It came into being as a result of the promulgation of the Legal Practitioners and Bar Councils Act, 1973 (Act XXXV of 1973). The Council commenced functioning with effect on 1 January 1974. All lower court and Peshawar High Court lawyers within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are licensed with this council.
Guelph Memorial Gardens
The Guelph Memorial Gardens was an arena located in Guelph, Ontario.  It was originally built in 1948 out of the remnants of a nineteenth-century building that had housed the Royal Winter Fair. The Gardens hosted various hockey teams over the years, including the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters, Guelph Platers and Guelph Storm. The arena has 3,999 seats and around 300 standing room only spots.

The last hockey game played at the arena was March 24, 2000 and the building closed permanently in November 2001 with the opening of the Sleeman Centre.

Demolition of the arena commenced in December 2005.  The City of Guelph built a new city hall on the site, which is next door to the former city hall.

Old City Hall (Guelph)
Old City Hall is a historic building and a National Historic Site of Canada in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, which until April 2009 served as the headquarters of the city government.  The building is now used as the Provincial Offences Courthouse, which handles matters such as traffic tickets, trespassing and liquor licence violations.
Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Tornado
The Tornado Competition was a sailing event on the program at the 1996 Summer Olympics that was held from 22 July to 2 August 1996 in Savannah, Georgia, United States. Points were awarded for placement in each race. Eleven races were scheduled and sailed. Each team had two discards.

Tornado (sailboat)
The Tornado is a double handed multihull class recognised as an International Class by the International Sailing Federation. It was used for the Catamaran discipline at the Olympic Games from 1976 to 2008.
2022 Oslo shooting
The 2022 Oslo shooting, commonly known in Norway as the Pride Shooting in Oslo (Pride-skyting i Oslo), occurred on 25 June 2022, when two people were killed and twenty-one people were wounded in a mass shooting in Oslo, Norway. Police declared the incident as an "act of Islamist terrorism". The target may have been the Oslo LGBTQ pride event, which was hosted by the local branch of the Norwegian Organisation for Sexual and Gender Diversity. It's the first Islamic State attack in Norway.

As of 2025, the shooter has had a trial, and its verdict has become final.

In 2026, a lower court handed down a verdict, in regard to the trial against an alleged facilitator, Arfan Bhatti; he will be imprisoned for at least 30 years; however, he has appealed the case.

Verdens Gang
Verdens Gang (lit. 'The course of the world'), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, VG is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers.

Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.
South Erradale
South Erradale is a small hamlet, situated on the coastline and to the southwest of Gairloch in Ross and Cromarty, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

South Erradale lies one mile (1.5 kilometres) south of Opinan and two miles (three kilometres) southeast of Port Henderson along the B8056 coast road and three miles (five kilometres) north east of Redpoint.

Gairloch
Gairloch (/ˈɡɛərlɒx/ GAIR-lokh; Scottish Gaelic: Geàrrloch [ˈkʲaːrˠl̪ˠɔx], meaning "Short Loch") is a village, civil parish and community on the shores of Loch Gairloch in Wester Ross, in the North-West Highlands of Scotland.  A tourist destination in the summer months, Gairloch has a golf course, a museum, several hotels, a variety of shops, takeaway restaurants, a community centre, a leisure centre with sports facilities, a local newspaper (Gairloch and District Times), radio station (Radio Wester Ross), beaches and nearby mountains.  Gairloch is one of the principal villages on the North Coast 500 route.

The parish of Gairloch extends over a much wider area, including the villages of Poolewe, Kinlochewe and Aultbea, and has a population of 950.  The nearest railway station is located at Achnasheen, and the nearest mainland airport is in Inverness.
J'Covan Brown
J'Covan Marquis Brown (born February 14, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Darüşşafaka of the Türkiye Basketbol Ligi (TBL). He played college basketball for the Texas Longhorns before playing professionally in Greece, the Dominican Republic, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Israel. Standing at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), he plays both the point guard and shooting guard positions.

2014–15 EuroChallenge
The 2014–15 EuroChallenge was the 12th and last edition of Europe's third-tier level transnational competition for men's professional basketball clubs. The winner and the runner-up of this competition earned a place at the group stage of next year's Eurocup season.

The regular season was composed by 32 teams and it started on 4 November 2014. The season ended on 26 April 2015, when JSF Nanterre beat Trabzonspor Medical Park 63–64 in the Final in Trabzon, Turkey.

It was the last season of the EuroChallenge, starting from the 2015–16 season, the competition was replaced by the FIBA Europe Cup.
Clete Boyer
Cletis Leroy "Clete" Boyer (February 9, 1937 – June 4, 2007) was an American professional baseball third baseman—who occasionally played shortstop and second base—in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Athletics (1955–1957), New York Yankees (1959–1966), and Atlanta Braves (1967–1971). Boyer also spent four seasons with the Taiyō Whales of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). In his 16-year big league career, Boyer hit 162 home runs, with 654 runs batted in (RBI), and a .242 batting average, in 1,725 games played.

Double play
In baseball and softball, a double play (denoted as DP in baseball statistics) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs.

In Major League Baseball (MLB), the double play is defined in the Official Rules in the Definitions of Terms, and for the official scorer in Rule 9.11. During the 2023 Major League Baseball season, teams completed an average 132 double plays per 162 games played during the regular season.
Bromfield railway station (Cumbria)
Bromfield was a railway station which served Bromfield, a small settlement in Cumbria on the English side of the Solway Firth. The station opened in 1873 by the Caledonian Railway on a line constructed from the Caledonian Railway Main Line at Kirtlebridge across the Glasgow South Western Line, then forming the Solway Junction Railway over the Solway Viaduct to Brayton.  The line opened for freight trains on 13 September 1869.

Brayton railway station
Brayton was a railway station which served as the interchange for the Solway Junction Railway (SJR) with the Maryport and Carlisle Railway (M&CR); it also served nearby Brayton Hall and district in Cumbria. The station was opened by the M&CR and became a junction station in 1870 on the 25 mile long SJR line.
Javor (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
44°04′N 19°02′E﻿ / ﻿44.067°N 19.033°E﻿ / 44.067; 19.033

Javor (Cyrillic: Јавор) is a mountain in the municipality of Han Pijesak, Vlasenica, Olovo, Milići, and Kladanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Massif of the Javor is over 30 kilometers long, with the highest peak, Veliki Žep, at the altitude of 1,537 metres (5,043 ft). "Objekat Veliki Žep", an underground military base, code named KUK-0, is located under the Veliki Žep peak.

Vlasenica
Vlasenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Власеница) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 11,467 inhabitants, while the town of Vlasenica has a population of 7,228 inhabitants.
Branches of the House of Romanov
The Russian Imperial Family was split into four main branches named after the sons of Emperor Nicholas I:

The Alexandrovichi (descendants of Emperor Alexander II of Russia) (with further subdivisions named The Vladimirovichi and The Pavlovichi after two of Alexander II’s younger sons)

The Konstantinovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaevich of Russia)

The Nikolaevichi (descendants of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia)

The Mikhailovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia)

The headship of the Imperial Family is in dispute between Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia of the Vladimirovich (Alexandrovichi) and Prince Andrew Andreevich of Russia of the Mikhailovichi branch.

In the family trees, a ≈ sign represents a union causing an illegitimate child.

Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Михаил Николаевич; 25 October 1832 – 18 December 1909) was a Russian field marshal, the fourth son and seventh child of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. He was the first owner of the New Michael Palace on the Palace Quay in Saint Petersburg.
Beaver Bridge (Arkansas)
The Beaver Bridge in Beaver, Arkansas, is a historic one-lane suspension bridge carrying Arkansas Highway 187 over the White River at Table Rock Lake. Built in 1949 by the Pioneer Construction Company, the structure is the only suspension bridge open to traffic in Arkansas. The Beaver Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

White River (Arkansas–Missouri)
The White River is a 722-mile (1,162 km) river that flows through the U.S. states of Arkansas and Missouri. Originating in the Boston Mountains of northwest Arkansas, it arcs northwards through southern Missouri before turning back into Arkansas, flowing southeast to its mouth at the Mississippi River.
2026 Texas gubernatorial election
The 2026 Texas gubernatorial election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Republican Governor Greg Abbott declared his intention to run for election to an unprecedented fourth term on November 9, 2025. If Abbott were to be successful and finish out a fourth full term, he would become the state's longest-serving governor with 16 years on January 21, 2031, surpassing the 14 years of his predecessor, Rick Perry. He would also tie with former California Governor Jerry Brown and former South Dakota Governor Bill Janklow as the fourth longest-serving governor in United States history at 5,845 days served.

Party primaries are scheduled on March 3, 2026, and potential primary runoffs where no candidate receives over 50% in a primary would be on May 26, 2026. The filing deadline was December 8, 2025.

Texas's 30th congressional district
Texas's 30th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives covers much of the city of Dallas and other parts of Dallas and Tarrant counties (primarily black- and Hispanic-majority areas). The district contains the University of North Texas at Dallas, UNT Law, and Texas Woman's University at Dallas. The 30th district is also home to Dallas Love Field airport and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

The current Representative from the 30th district is Democrat Jasmine Crockett, who has represented the district since 2023. She succeeded longtime representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, who had served since 1993.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+25, it is one of the most Democratic districts in Texas.
Mu2 Scorpii
Mu2 Scorpii, also named Pipirima /pɪˈpɪrɪmə/, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Scorpius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.56, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Its distance from the Sun is about 474 light-years, as determined by parallax measurements. It is a member of the Upper Centaurus–Lupus subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association. A super-Jupiter or brown dwarf is known to orbit it, and another is suspected.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Asia Commercial Bank
Asia Commercial Bank, often abbreviated to ACB, is one of the largest private banks in Vietnam by assets, headquartered at 442 Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Ward 5, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City. It was registered on 19 May 1993 owned by (100%) stake enterprised by the Ministry of Health and began operations in June 1993. The bank trades at the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange  under the symbol ACB, where it listed on December 9, 2020 after previously trading at the Hanoi Stock Exchange.

Hanoi Stock Exchange
Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX), formerly the Hanoi Securities Trading Center (Hanoi STC) until 2009, is located at No. 02, Phan Chu Trinh, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam. The exchange was launched on March 8, 2005, and handles auctions and trading of stocks and bonds. It was the second securities trading center to open in Vietnam after the Ho Chi Minh City Securities Trading Center.
Beighton Fields
Beighton Fields is a village in Derbyshire, England, near Renishaw and Staveley (where the population is listed).

John Bruno Bowdon, of Southgate House and Beighton Fields, who married Mary Martha, eldest daughter of Edward Ferrers, Esq., of Baddesley Clinton, in Warwickshire was High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1841.

Staveley, Derbyshire
Staveley is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England, along the banks of the River Rother (5 miles) northeast of Chesterfield, (5 miles) west of Clowne, (5 miles) northwest of Bolsover, (11 miles) southwest of Worksop and (13 miles) southeast of Sheffield.