hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Broomsquire
A broomsquire is someone who makes besom brooms for a living. It is a trade that was historically associated with heathland areas of England. The broomsquire tended to use heather or birch twigs gathered from the heathland to make the brooms. They also grazed cattle or sheep on the poor vegetation. The broomsquire was described by Sabine Baring-Gould in his novel The Broomsquire written in 1896 and set in the Devil's Punch Bowl, Hindhead. In his 1903 ghost story The Blood-Eagle, Robert Hugh Benson hints at links between broomsquires and paganism.

Broom
A broom (/bruːm/), also known as a broomstick, is a cleaning tool, consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, glued hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. It is thus a variety of brush with a long handle. It is commonly used in combination with a dustpan.

A distinction is made between a "hard broom" and a "soft broom" and a spectrum in between. Soft brooms are used in some cultures chiefly for sweeping walls of cobwebs and spiders, like a "feather duster", while hard brooms are for rougher tasks like sweeping dirt off sidewalks or concrete floors, or even smoothing and texturing wet concrete. The majority of brooms are somewhere in between, suitable for sweeping the floors of homes and businesses, soft enough to be flexible and to move even light dust, but stiff enough to achieve a firm sweeping action.

The broom is also a symbolic object associated with witchcraft and ceremonial magic.
Yakushitoge Tunnel
Yakushitoge Tunnel (薬師峠トンネル, Yakushitoge tonneru) is a tunnel on Hokuhoku Line that runs through Yakushi mountains in Tokamachi city, Niigata prefecture with total length of 6.119 km. It was built and completed in 1997.

Tōkamachi
Tōkamachi (十日町市, Tōkamachi-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 28,728 in 19,823 households, and a population density of 86.3 persons per km². The total area of the city was 590.39 square kilometres (227.95 sq mi), although some borders of the city are not well defined. Tōkamachi derives its name from the fact that a market was held  every tenth day of the month. Similarly, the nearby former town of Muikamachi had its own local market held on days ending in six each month.
Franking
Franking comprises all devices, markings, or combinations thereof ("franks") applied to mails of any class which qualifies them to be postally serviced. Types of franks include postage stamps (both adhesive and printed on postal stationery, whether uncanceled or precanceled), impressions applied via postage meter (via so-called "postage evidencing systems"), official use "Penalty" franks, Business Reply Mail (BRM), and other permit Imprints (Indicia), manuscript and facsimile "franking privilege" signatures, "soldier's mail" markings, and any other forms authorized by the 192 postal administrations that are members of the Universal Postal Union.

Postal stationery
A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as a stamped envelope, letter sheet, postal card, lettercard, aerogram or wrapper, with an imprinted stamp or inscription indicating that a specific rate of postage or related service has been prepaid.  It does not, however, include any postcard without a pre-printed stamp, and it is different from freepost for preprinted cards issued by businesses. In general, postal stationery is handled similarly to postage stamps; sold from post offices either at the face value of the printed postage or, more likely, with a surcharge to cover the additional cost of the stationery. It can take the form of an official mail issue produced only for the use of government departments.
RATBV
RATBV S.A., formerly Regia Autonomă de Transport Brașov (English: Autonomous Transportation Board of Brașov), and commonly referred to as RAT Brașov, is the only public transport operator in the city of Brașov, Romania. It is owned by the Brașov Municipality and it operates on a network of 43 routes inside Brașov, summing up to 664 km (413 mi), with a fleet of over 300 vehicles. It is also operating 23 routes within the Brașov metropolitan area.

Bran, Brașov
Bran (German: Törzburg; Hungarian: Törcsvár) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the city of Brașov and consists of five villages: Bran, Poarta, Predeluț, Șimon, and Sohodol.

The medieval Bran Castle is a popular tourist destination, partly because it has been promoted by the Romanian tourism industry as having been the home of Dracula in Bram Stoker's novel of the same name. The castle has been listed as one of the Seven Wonders of Romania.
New Mexico State Road 457
State Road 457 (NM 457) is a 31.862-mile-long (51.277 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 457's southern terminus is at U.S. Route 82 (US 82) west of Lovington, and the northern terminus is at US 380 west-northwest of Tatum.

U.S. Route 82 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 82 (US 82) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Alamogordo, New Mexico, east to Brunswick, Georgia. In the U.S. state of New Mexico, US 82 extends from Alamogordo and ends at the Texas state line northeast of Lovington.
KK Alkar
Košarkaški klub Alkar (English: Alkar Basketball Club), commonly referred to as KK Alkar or simply Alkar, is a men's professional basketball club based in Sinj, Croatia. The club competes in the Croatian League.

Sinj
Sinj (Croatian: [sîːɲ]) is a town in the continental part of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. As of the 2021 census, the population was 23,500 people, of which 10,800 inhabited its urban core.

Sinj is known for a knights' tournament of Sinjska alka, which has been held since the beginning of the 18th century as a sign of victory over the Ottoman Empire, and for the shrine of Our Lady of Sinj. The urban center of Sinj is a protected cultural heritage site.
The Luzhin Defence
The Luzhin Defence is a 2000 romantic drama film directed by Marleen Gorris, starring John Turturro and Emily Watson. The film centres on a mentally tormented chess grandmaster and the young woman he meets while competing at a world-class tournament in Italy. The screenplay was based on the novel The Defense (or The Luzhin Defence) by Vladimir Nabokov.

Emily Watson received best actress nominations  at the British Independent Film Awards and the London Film Critics Circle Awards.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Luiz Bevilacqua
Luiz Bevilacqua is a Brazilian scientist best known for his work as President of the Brazilian Space Agency (2003–2004) and as Secretary General of the Ministry of Science and Technology (1992–1993). Currently serves as Emeritus Professor, UFRJ and coordinator of the Center for Cognition and Complex Systems of UFABC.

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, earlier Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas) is a government agency under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Brazilian federal government. The council is dedicated to the promotion of scientific and technological research and to the formation of human resources for research in the country.
Chang Yi (baseball)
Chang Yi (Chinese: 張奕; born February 26, 1994) is a Taiwanese professional baseball pitcher for the Fubon Guardians of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Orix Buffaloes and Saitama Seibu Lions. Chang is of Taiwanese indigenous descent; his father is ethnically Taroko and his mother is an ethnic Amis.

Taroko people
The Taroko people (Chinese: 太魯閣族; pinyin: Tàilǔgézú), also known as Truku people, are an Indigenous Taiwanese people. Taroko is also the name of the area of Taiwan where the Taroko reside. The Executive Yuan, Republic of China has officially recognized the Taroko since 15 January 2004. The Taroko are the 12th aboriginal group in Taiwan to receive this recognition.

Previously, the Taroko and the related Seediq people were classified in the Atayal group. The Taroko people demanded a separate status for themselves in a "name rectification" campaign.

The Taroko resisted and fought the Japanese in the 1914 Truku War.
O Deutschland hoch in Ehren
"O Deutschland hoch in Ehren" is a patriotic German song written by Ludwig Bauer (1832–1910) in 1859 and set to music by Henry Hugh Pierson. The song was, besides the "Deutschlandlied", "Die Wacht am Rhein" and "Des Deutschen Vaterland", the most popular patriotic anthem in the 19th century.

Die Wacht am Rhein
"Die Wacht am Rhein" (German: [diː ˈvaxt am ˈʁaɪn], The Watch on the Rhine) is a German patriotic anthem. The song's origins are rooted in the historical French–German enmity, and it was particularly popular in Germany during the Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War II. The original poem was written by Max Schneckenburger during the Rhine crisis of 1840, and is generally sung to music written by Karl Wilhelm in 1854, seven years after Schneckenburger's death.
Surat Thani Hospital
Surat Thani Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลสุราษฎร์ธานี) is the main hospital of Surat Thani Province, Thailand. It is classified under the Ministry of Public Health as a regional hospital. It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which trains doctors for the Faculty of Medicine of Thammasat University. It is an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University.

Surat Thani province
Surat Thani (Thai: สุราษฎร์ธานี, pronounced [sù.râːt tʰāː.nīː]), often shortened to Surat, is the largest province (changwat) of Southern Thailand. It lies on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means 'city of good people', a title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI); Surat Thani is therefore the sole province in Southern Thailand for which the native name is in the Central Thai language.
Jalan M.H. Thamrin
Jalan M.H. Thamrin or Jalan Thamrin (M.H. Thamrin Avenue or Thamrin Avenue) is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. The road is located at the center of Jakarta, running from the north end of Jalan Jenderal Sudirman at West Flood Canal at the south end to the roundabout near Arjuna Wijaya Statue Jakarta at the north end. Developed in the 1950s, the road was a landmark of post-colonial Indonesia and continues to have a prominent importance in Jakarta.

Central Jakarta
Central Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Pusat, Betawi: Jakarté Bèlah Tengah), abbreviated as Jakpus, is one of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) and de facto Capital City of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. It had 902,973 inhabitants according to the 2010 census and 1,056,896 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,103,357, comprising 553,471 males and 549,886 females. Central Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five administrative cities of Jakarta. It is both the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia. Central Jakarta contains several large international hotels and major landmarks such as Hotel Indonesia.
Limbdi State
Limbdi State was a princely state and was entitled to a 9-gun salute during the British Raj. It was ruled at that time by members of the Jhala dynasty. It belonged to Kathiawar Agency. After India's independence from British colonial rule in 1947, Limbdi was integrated into the Indian Union with other princely states.

Kathiawar Agency
The Kathiawar Agency, on the Kathiawar peninsula in the western part of the British Raj was a political unit of some 200 small princely states under the suzerainty of the Bombay Presidency.

The agency's headquarters were at Rajkot, the town where the Political Agent used to reside. He reported to the Political Department office at Bombay, Bombay Presidency.
Akram al-Ajouri
Akram al-Ajouri (Arabic: أكرم العجوري) is a leader of Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (PIJ) . Al-Ajouri is based in Damascus and was unsuccessfully targeted in an Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) airstrike on November 12, 2019, on the same day the IDF killed Baha Abu al-Ata. The IDF described al-Ajouri as a member of the PIJ's political bureau in Syria. However, the airstrike on a building in Mezzeh area killed his son and daughter, and six were injured. Clashes began between Gaza and Israel following his attempted killing and the killing of al-Ata. As of 14 November 2023, al-Ajouri is designated as a terrorist by the United States State Department.

On 24 February 2020 it was reported that he was targeted by an Israeli strike in Damascus, Syria.

Baha Abu al-Ata
Baha Abu al-Ata (Arabic: بهاء أبو العطا;‎ 25 November 1977 – 12 November 2019) was a leader of Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (PIJ). On 12 November 2019, the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) killed Abu al-Ata and his wife in a targeted killing, four of their children and a neighbour were also reportedly injured. The killings triggered clashes between Israelis and Palestinians. Khalil Bathani became the new leader of PIJ.
Royal Thai Marine Corps
The Royal Thai Marine Corps or RTMC (Thai: หน่วยบัญชาการนาวิกโยธิน) are the marines of the Royal Thai Navy (RTN). The Royal Thai Marine Corps was founded in 1932, when the first battalion was formed with the assistance of the United States Marine Corps (USMC). It was expanded to a regiment in 1940 and was in action against communist guerrillas throughout the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1960s the USMC assisted in its expansion into a brigade. The RTMC saw action on the Malaysian border in the 1970s, and has now been increased to four brigades.

Sattahip district
Sattahip (Thai: สัตหีบ, pronounced [sàt.tā.hìːp]) is a district (amphoe) in Chonburi province, Thailand. It is at the southern tip of the province southeast of Bangkok. In 2014, the district had a population of 157,000 in an area of 348.122 km2.
Hato Grande Airport
Hato Grande Airport (ICAO: MNHG) is an airport serving the hamlet of Hato Grande in the Chontales Department of Nicaragua. The runway is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of Juigalpa.

There is rising terrain north through northwest of the runway.

The Managua VOR-DME (Ident: MGA) is located 43.7 nautical miles (81 km) west of the airport.

Chontales Department
Chontales (Spanish: Departamento de Chontales) (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃonˈtales]) is a department in Nicaragua. It covers an area of 6,481 km2 (2,502 sq mi) and has a population of 191,856. The capital is Juigalpa. Some 90 kilometres (56 mi) of land overlooks Lake Cocibolca (Lake Nicaragua) on the western side. The department is livestock and fishing based, and is also a producer of apples.
University of Houston School of Theatre and Dance
The School of Theatre and Dance is a department within the Kathrine G. McGovern College of the Arts at the University of Houston. The School offers both Bachelor of Fine Arts and Master of Fine Arts programs, including a Bachelor of Fine Arts in acting, stage management, technical theatre, theatre education and a joint degree in both playwrighting and dramaturgy; all at the undergraduate level. Graduate programs are offered in: acting, theatre studies, theatrical design, technical direction, and theatre education. The current Director of the School of Theatre and Dance is Rob Shimko, a position he has held since 2016.

José Quintero
José Benjamín Quintero Palmerola (15 October 1924 – 26 February 1999) was a Panamanian-American theatre director, producer, and pedagogue. He was best known for his interpretations of the works of Eugene O'Neill, and for co-founding the Circle in the Square Theatre. He was the winner of two Tony Awards, one for Best Direction of a Play and one for Best Play, out of five total nominations.
University of Fort Hare Women's F.C.
The University of Fort Hare Women's Football Club, also known as UFH Ladies F.C., is the football club representing the University of Fort Hare based in Alice, Eastern Cape. The team competes in the SAFA Women's League, the top tier women's football league in South Africa.

They won the 2023 Sasol League National Championship to became the first team from the Eastern Cape to win the tournament.

University of Fort Hare
The University of Fort Hare (Afrikaans: Universiteit van Fort Hare) is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

It was a key institution of higher education for Africans from 1916 to 1959 when it offered a Western-style academic education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating an African elite. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.

In 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post-apartheid public higher education system. It is the alma mater of well-known people including Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, and others.
König-Otto-Tropfsteinhöhle
The König-Otto-Tropfsteinhöhle (lit. English: King Otto stalactite cave) is a natural karst cave near Sankt Colomann (Velburg), a district of the Upper Palatinate town of Velburg in the southeast of the district of Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany.

It is considered one of the most beautiful stalactite caves in Germany. It stretches for 450 metres (1,480 ft), with approximately 270 metres (890 ft) accessible to visitors through a guided tour that takes about 30 to 40 minutes. The cave was discovered by shepherd Peter Federl on 30 September 1895, the name day of the Bavarian King Otto, hence the name. A significant addition to the cave's attractions occurred in Advent 1972 when an unknown section of the cave, known as the Advent Hall, was discovered. This part was later connected to the main cave and opened for public access. The König-Otto-Tropfsteinhöhle is part of the show caves that make up the Erlebniswelt Jurahöhle group.

Neumarkt (district)
Neumarkt (German: [ˈnɔʏmaʁkt] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Nürnberger Land, Amberg-Sulzbach, Schwandorf, Regensburg, Kelheim, Eichstätt and Roth.
History of Kashgar
The history of Kashgar begins in the first millennium BC, when the tribes of Yuezhi, Usuns and Sakas were roaming around the vast expanses of the Taklamakan Desert and the piedmont slopes of the Pamir. Wandering from one encampment to another in the oases, they eventually began founding small settlements, which later were developed into cities on the Silk Road.

Hotan
Hotan is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in Northwestern China. The city proper of Hotan broke off from the larger Hotan County to become an administrative area in its own right in August 1984. It is the seat of Hotan Prefecture.

With a population of 408,900 (2018 census), Hotan is situated in the Tarim Basin some 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) southwest of the regional capital, Ürümqi. It lies just north of the Kunlun Mountains, which are crossed by the Sanju, Hindutash and Ilchi passes. The town, located southeast of Yarkant County and populated almost exclusively by Uyghurs, is a minor agricultural center. An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers, the Karakash River and the White Jade River, to provide the water needed to survive on the southwestern edge of the vast Taklamakan Desert. The White Jade River still provides water and irrigation for the town and oasis.
James Van Allen
James Alfred Van Allen (September 7, 1914 – August 9, 2006) was an American space physicist at the University of Iowa. He was instrumental in establishing the field of magnetospheric research in space.

The Van Allen radiation belts were named after him, following his discovery using Geiger–Müller tube instruments on the 1958 satellites (Explorer 1, Explorer 3, and Pioneer 3) during the International Geophysical Year. Van Allen led the scientific community in putting scientific research instruments on space satellites.

Pioneer program
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus. The second program, which ran from 1965 to 1992, sent four spacecraft to measure interplanetary space weather, two to explore Jupiter and Saturn, and two to explore Venus. The two outer planet probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, became the first two of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System, and carried a golden plaque each depicting a man and a woman and information about the origin and the creators of the probes, in case any extraterrestrials find them someday.
Liuwu Bridge
The Liuwu Bridge (Chinese: 柳梧大桥; pinyin: Liǔ wú dàqiáo} crosses the Lhasa River linking downtown Lhasa, Tibet to Lhasa railway station and Niu New Area on the south bank.
It was built in conjunction with the  Qinghai–Tibet Railway, which terminates on the south side of the river, and provides a connection to the town center on the north side.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Mount Rabben
Mount Rabben (66°27′S 54°7′E﻿ / ﻿66.450°S 54.117°E﻿ / -66.450; 54.117) is a mountain, 1,540 m, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) northeast of Mount Griffiths in the Napier Mountains, Enderby Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition of 1936–37 and was named Rabben (the small elongated elevation).

Mount Griffiths
Mount Griffiths (66°29′S 54°3′E﻿ / ﻿66.483°S 54.050°E﻿ / -66.483; 54.050) is an elongated mountain with two prominent peaks of 1,650 and 1,680 metres (5,400 and 5,500 ft), standing 5 miles (8 km) northwest of the Wilkinson Peaks and 23 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Mount Elkins in the Napier Mountains of Enderby Land, Antarctica.