hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863–1919)
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Георгий Михайлович; 23 August 1863 – 28 January 1919) was a Grand Duke of Russia, first cousin of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and a General in the Russian army. 
Born in Tbilisi while his father was the Governor-General of Russian provinces of Transcaucasia, he was the second surviving son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and Princess Cecilie of Baden. His paternal grandparents were Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Princess Charlotte of Prussia. His maternal grandparents were Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Sophie of Sweden.

On 27 January 1919, George was moved to Peter and Paul Fortress in Petrograd, and in the early hours of the following day, he was shot there by a firing squad, along with his brother, Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich, and his cousins Grand Dukes Paul Alexandrovich and Dmitri Constantinovich.

Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
Leopold (29 August 1790 – 24 April 1852) succeeded in 1830 as the Grand Duke of Baden, reigning until his death in 1852.

Although a younger child, Leopold was the first son of Margrave Karl Friederich of Baden by his second, morganatic wife, Louise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg. Since Luise Karoline was not of equal birth with the Margrave, the marriage was deemed morganatic and the resulting children were perceived as incapable of inheriting their father's dynastic status or the sovereign rights of the Zähringen House of Baden. Luise Karoline and her children were given the titles of baron and baroness, in 1796 count or countess von Hochberg.

Baden gained territory during the Napoleonic Wars. As a result, Margrave Karl Friederich was elevated to the title of Prince-Elector within the Holy Roman Empire. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, he took the title Grand Duke of Baden.
Gmina Osiecznica
Gmina Osiecznica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bolesławiec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Osiecznica, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north-west of Bolesławiec and 116 km (72 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 437.07 square kilometres (168.75 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 7,396.

Bolesławiec
Bolesławiec (pronounced [bɔlɛˈswavʲɛt͡s] ⓘ, German: Bunzlau) is a historic city situated on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Bolesławiec County, and of Gmina Bolesławiec (being an urban gmina in its own right). As of June 2021, it has a population of 38,280. Founded in the 13th century, the city is known for its long-standing pottery-making tradition and heritage Old Town.
Glissando
In music, a glissando (Italian: [ɡlisˈsando]; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another (Playⓘ). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, "to glide". In some contexts, it is equivalent to portamento, which is a continuous, seamless glide between notes. In other contexts, it refers to discrete, stepped glides across notes, such as on a piano. Some terms that are similar or equivalent in some contexts are slide, sweep bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent glissando to the beginning of a note), lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one's embouchure on a wind instrument), plop, or falling hail (a glissando on a harp using the back of the fingernails). On wind instruments, a scoop is a glissando ascending to the onset of a note achieved entirely with the embouchure, except on instruments that have a slide (such as a trombone).

Vibrato
Vibrato (Italian, from past participle of "vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically characterized in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied ("rate of vibrato").

In singing, it can occur spontaneously through variations in the larynx. The vibrato of a string instrument and wind instrument is an imitation of that vocal function. Vibrato can also be reproduced mechanically (Leslie speaker) or electronically as an audio effect close to chorus.
Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist
Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist is a 2017 non-fiction book by Oxford economist Kate Raworth. The book elaborates on her concept of doughnut economics, first developed in her 2012 paper, A Safe and Just Space for Humanity.

Kuznets curve
In economics, the Kuznets curve (/ˈkʌznɛts/) is a hypothesized relationship between income and inequality proposed by economist Simon Kuznets in the 1950s and 1960s, who argued that as an economy develops, market forces first increase and then decrease economic inequality. The hypothesis remains highly contested by economists, with no consensus regarding its validity.
Lower Saxony Cup
The Lower Saxony Cup (German: Niedersächsischer Pokal) is an annual football cup competition, held by the Niedersächsischer Fußball-Verband (English: Lower Saxony Football Association) since 1956. For sponsorship reasons, the official name of the competition is Krombacher-Pokal. The Krombacher brewery, sponsor of the competition since 2010, also sponsored, at the time, the cup competitions in Thuringia, Westphalia, Hesse and Rhineland. It is one of the 21 regional cup competitions in Germany and a qualifying competition for the German Cup, with the winner and runners-up of the competition being automatically qualified for the first round of the German Cup in the following season.

The record winners of the competition are VfL Osnabrück with five titles, followed by Sportfreunde Salzgitter with four titles and Kickers Emden, VfL Wolfsburg, and Hannover 96 with three titles each to their name.

Westphalian Cup
The Westphalia Cup is a German football club Cup competition open to teams from the Westphalia region of the North Rhine-Westphalia state. The competition in its existing format is relatively new compared to many other regional cups in Germany. It is one of the 21 regional cup competitions in Germany. The competition also acts as a qualifier to the following seasons' DFB-Pokal.
2022 Women's Masters Basel
The 2022 Women's Masters Basel was held from September 23 to 25 at the Curlingzentrum Region Basel in Arlesheim, Switzerland as part of the World Curling Tour. The event was held in a round-robin format with a purse of 32,000 CHF. It was the first women's World Curling Tour event of the 2022–23 curling season.

Arlesheim
Arlesheim is a town and a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Its cathedral chapter seat, bishop's residence and cathedral (1681 / 1761) are listed as a heritage site of national significance.

The official language of Arlesheim is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, while the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The cathedral has a Baroque organ built by the German builder Johann Andreas Silbermann, based in Alsace, in 1761. The instrument was restored by Metzler in 1959–1962, and is an example of the fusion of French and German organ building styles. It has been used in several recordings, including Lionel Rogg's recording of the complete organ works of J. S. Bach, for Harmonia Mundi France in 1970.
Eumecosomyia nubila
Eumecosomyia nubila is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Eumecosomyia of the family Ulidiidae. Its distribution includes parts of the United States, islands in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.

Ulidiidae
The Ulidiidae (formerly Otitidae) or picture-winged flies are a large and diverse cosmopolitan family of flies (Diptera), and as in related families, most species are herbivorous or detritivorous. They are often known as picture-winged flies, along with members of other families in the superfamily Tephritoidea that have patterns of bands or spots on the wings. Some species share with the Tephritidae an unusual elongated posteroapical projection of the anal cell in the wing, but can be differentiated by the smoothly curving subcostal vein. Two species, Tetanops myopaeformis and  Euxesta stigmatias, are agricultural pests.
National City acquisition by PNC
The National City acquisition by PNC was the deal by PNC Financial Services to acquire National City Corp. on October 24, 2008 following National City's untenable loan losses during the subprime mortgage crisis. The deal received much controversy due to PNC using TARP funds to buy National City only hours after accepting the funds while National City itself was denied funds, as well as civic pride for the city of Cleveland, Ohio, where National City was based.

FNB Corporation
FNB Corporation is a diversified financial services corporation based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the holding company for its largest subsidiary, First National Bank. As of December 31, 2025, FNB has total assets of more than $50 billion. FNB's market coverage spans several major metropolitan areas, including Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; Cleveland, Ohio; Washington, D.C.; Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham and the Piedmont Triad (Winston-Salem, Greensboro and High Point) in North Carolina; and Charleston, South Carolina, with approximately 350 offices. The company has approximately 4,200 employees.
412 BC
Year 412 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Pacilus (or, less frequently, year 342 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 412 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
The Equalizer 2 (soundtrack)
The Equalizer 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score composed by Harry Gregson-Williams to the 2018 film The Equalizer 2 directed by Antoine Fuqua. A sequel to The Equalizer (2014), which was based on the TV series of the same name, as well as the second installment of The Equalizer trilogy, the film stars Denzel Washington reprising his role as Robert McCall. The film score is composed by Harry Gregson-Williams and was released through Sony Classical Records on July 20, 2018.

The Equalizer (film)
The Equalizer is a 2014 American vigilante action-thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by Richard Wenk. It is based on the 1980s TV series of the same title and the first of three films starring Denzel Washington. The cast includes Marton Csokas, Chloë Grace Moretz, David Harbour, Bill Pullman and Melissa Leo. Washington plays Robert McCall, a retired Marine and former DIA officer, who reluctantly returns to action to protect a teenage trafficking victim from the members of the Russian mafia.

Principal photography took place in Massachusetts from May 2013 to September 2013. The world premiere for The Equalizer was held at 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2014, and it was released worldwide on September 26, 2014. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $192.3 million worldwide. The sequels, The Equalizer 2 and The Equalizer 3, were released on July 20, 2018, and September 1, 2023, respectively.
Sumidouro State Park
The Sumidouro State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna.
The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave.

State park (Brazil)
A state park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual) in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area operated by one of the states.
Their goal is to preserve important or beautiful natural ecosystems.
Public access is allowed subject to regulations defined by the responsible agency.
Strahinja Alagić
Strahinja "Braca" Alagić (Serbian Cyrillic: Страхиња "Браца" Алагић; 14 August 1924 – 10 October 2002) was a Serbian professional basketball player and coach. He dedicated his coaching career is the most to women's basketball. With Crvena zvezda he won the FIBA EuroLeague Women in 1979.

Alagić was a member of the first managing board of the Crvena zvezda basketball club.

First Federal Basketball League
The First Federal Basketball League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna košarkaška liga) was the highest tier level men's professional club basketball competition in the former country of SFR Yugoslavia. Founded in 1945, and folded in 1992 (1991–92 Winer Broker YUBA League), it was run by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia. With a total of 16 European-wide trophy winners and 11 finalists, the Yugoslav First Basketball League was one of the strongest European national domestic basketball leagues of all time.

Although each of the former Yugoslav countries now have their own national domestic leagues, the six nations also now take part in the ABA League (commonly known as the Adriatic League), which was founded in 2001; and which is, the closest basketball league in existence today, that is similar to the former Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League.
Media in Seattle
Media in Seattle includes long-established newspapers, television and radio stations, and an evolving panoply of smaller, local art, culture, neighborhood and political publications, filmmaking and, most recently, Internet media. The Seattle–Tacoma Designated Market Area, as defined by Nielsen Media Research, includes most of Western Washington and the Wenatchee metropolitan area. As of 2021, it is the 12th largest television market and 11th largest radio market in the United States by population.

Seattle has been at the forefront of new media developments since the 1999 protests of a meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle spurred the formation of the city's Independent Media Center, which covered and disseminated the breaking news online to a worldwide audience. The location of Microsoft just outside Seattle in nearby Redmond, and the growth of interactive media companies have made Seattle prominent in new digital media.

Northwest Asian Weekly
The Northwest Asian Weekly is an Asian American newspaper based in Seattle, Washington's International District. It was founded in 1983 by Assunta Ng, publisher of the Seattle Chinese Post, and published free weekly editions until January 2023.
History of the Queensland Police
The history of the Queensland Police Service in Queensland, Australia, commenced in 1864, five years after the Separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859. This timeline highlights significant developments in Queensland policing.

Chelmer Police College
Chelmer Police College is a heritage-listed former police barracks at 17 Laurel Avenue, Chelmer, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1900 to 1970. It is also known as 10 WRAAC Barracks, The Lady Wilson Red Cross Convalescent Home, and Waterton. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2003.
Huntington-Whiteley baronets
The Huntington-Whiteley Baronetcy, of Grimley in the County of Worcester, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 8 February 1918 for Herbert Huntington-Whiteley, Conservative Member of Parliament for Droitwich.

George Whiteley, 1st Baron Marchamley, was the elder brother of the first Baronet.
The 2nd Baronet married Lady Margaret Baldwin, daughter of the Conservative Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley.

George Whiteley, 1st Baron Marchamley
George Whiteley, 1st Baron Marchamley PC (30 August 1855 – 21 October 1925) was a British Conservative turned Liberal Party politician. He served as Chief Whip between 1905 and 1908 in the Liberal administrations of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith.
14th Parliament of Turkey
The 14th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 11 October 1969 to 14 October 1973. There were 450 MPs in the lower house. Justice Party (AP) held the majority and the Republican People's Party (CHP) was the main opposition. Reliance Party (GP), Unity Party,  Nation Party (MP),  New Turkey Party (YTP) and the Workers Party of Turkey (TİP) were the other opposition Parties

Justice Party (Turkey)
The Justice Party (Turkish: Adalet Partisi, AP) was a Turkish political party prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. A descendant of the Democrat Party, the AP was dominated by Süleyman Demirel, who served six times as prime minister, and was in office at the time of the military coup on 12 September 1980. Along with all other political parties in Turkey, the Justice Party was suppressed in the immediate aftermath of the coup. It was subsequently re-established as the True Path Party in 1983.

The Justice Party was a Turkish nationalist and liberal conservative party. It advocated Kemalist principles, parliamentary democracy and a market economy. It strongly supported membership in NATO and close relations with the United States.
Knatthøin
Knatthøin is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,883-metre (6,178 ft) tall mountain lies inside Reinheimen National Park, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the village of Lesja. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Søre Kjølhaugen which is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest, Kjølen which is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the northwest, and Skardtind which is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) to the west.

Lesja Municipality
Lesja is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lesja. Other villages in the municipality include Bjorli, Lesjaskog, Lesjaverk, and Lora.

The 2,259.49-square-kilometre (872.39 sq mi) municipality is the 25th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lesja Municipality is the 281st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,006. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Burrows–Wheeler transform
The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) rearranges a character string into runs of similar characters, in a manner that can be reversed to recover the original string. Since compression techniques such as move-to-front transform and run-length encoding are more effective when such runs are present, the BWT can be used as a preparatory step to improve the efficiency of a compression algorithm, and is used this way in software such as bzip2. The  algorithm can be implemented efficiently using a suffix array thus reaching linear time complexity.

It was invented by David Wheeler in 1983, and later published by him and Michael Burrows in 1994. Their paper included a compression algorithm, called the Block-sorting Lossless Data Compression Algorithm or BSLDCA, that compresses data by using the BWT followed by move-to-front coding and Huffman coding or arithmetic coding.

Lexicographic order
In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set.

There are several variants and generalizations of the lexicographical ordering. One variant applies to sequences of different lengths by comparing the lengths of the sequences before considering their elements.

Another variant, widely used in combinatorics, orders subsets of a given finite set by assigning a total order to the finite set, and converting subsets into increasing sequences, to which the lexicographical order is applied.

A generalization defines an order on an n-ary Cartesian product of partially ordered sets; this order is a total order if and only if all factors of the Cartesian product are totally ordered.
Ein Gev
Ein Gev (Hebrew: עין גב) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee near the ruins of the Greco-Roman settlement of Hippos, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. In 2022 its population was 666.

Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, Arabic: بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake  or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel and the Golan Heights. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide. Its area is 166.7 km2 (64.4 sq mi) at its fullest, and its maximum depth is approximately 43 metres (141 ft). The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south with the outflow controlled by the Degania Dam.
Hum Log (film)
Hum Log (transl. We, The People) is a 1951 Indian Hindi social realist film written and directed by Zia Sarhadi.

Dealing with the trials and tribulations of a middle-class family, the film stars Nutan, Shyama, Durga Khote, Balraj Sahni and Sajjan in lead roles. Nutan earned positive notice for her portrayal of a tuberculosis patient and so did Sahni who played her brother. The film was a commercial success and established Nutan as a rising star in the film industry.

Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai
Meghnad Jagdishchandra Desai, Baron Desai (10 July 1940 – 29 July 2025) was an Indian-born British economist and Labour politician.

Desai stood unsuccessfully for the position of Lord Speaker in the House of Lords in 2011. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, in 2008.