hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1973 Carroll Fighting Saints football team
The 1973 Carroll Fighting Saints football team represented Carroll College as a member of the Frontier Conference during the 1973 NAIA Division II football season. In their third season under head coach Bob Petrino Sr., the Fighting Saints compiled a 7–0 record (4–0 against conference opponents), outscored opponents by a total of 186 to 93, and won the Frontier Conference championship. The team was ranked No. 8 in the final NAIA Division II poll.

The 1973 season was the second perfect season in Carroll College football history, a feat also accomplished by the 1931, 2003, 2005, and 2007 teams.

2007 Carroll Fighting Saints football team
The 2007 Carroll Fighting Saints football team was an American football team that represented Carroll College as a member of the Frontier Conference during the 2007 NAIA football season. In their ninth season under head coach Mike Van Diest, the Saints compiled a perfect 15–0 record (10–0 against conference opponents) and won the NAIA national championship, defeating Sioux Falls, 17–9, in the NAIA National Championship Game.
Alope (crustacean)
Alope is a genus of shrimp in the family Hippolytidae, comprising two species:

Alope orientalis is widely distributed across the Indo-West Pacific.

Alope spinifrons is endemic to New Zealand, and is found throughout that country's coasts.

Hippolytidae
Hippolytidae is a family of cleaner shrimp, also known as broken-back shrimp or anemone shrimp. The term "broken-back shrimp" also applies to the genus Hippolyte in particular and "cleaner shrimp" is sometimes applied exclusively to Lysmata amboinensis.
Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky (Russian: Максим Горький) was a Project 26bis Kirov-class cruiser of the Soviet Navy that saw action  during World War II and continued in service into the Cold War. The ship's bow was blown off by a mine in the Gulf of Riga during the opening stages of Operation Barbarossa, but she made it to Kronstadt for repairs.  However, after being repaired, the ship was trapped in harbour for most of the war, by Axis minefields at Leningrad and Kronstadt. Despite being trapped, Maxim Gorky was active in two engagements: the ship provided gunfire in support for the defenders during the Siege of Leningrad, and she later bombarded Finnish positions during the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive in mid-1944. She saw no further action in World War II. A major modernization was begun in 1953, but the navy reconsidered the cost-effectiveness of the refit and work was cancelled in 1955. Maxim Gorky was sold for scrap in 1959.

Kirov-class cruiser
The Kirov-class (Project 26) cruisers were a class of six cruisers built in the late 1930s for the Soviet Navy. After the first two ships, armor protection was increased and subsequent ships are sometimes called the Maxim Gorky class. These were the first large ships built by the Soviets from the keel up after the Russian Civil War, and they were derived from the Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli, being designed with assistance from the Italian Ansaldo company. Two ships each were deployed in the Black and Baltic Seas during World War II, while the last pair was still under construction in the Russian Far East and saw no combat during the war. The first four ships bombarded Axis troops and facilities after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. All six ships survived the war and lingered in training and other secondary roles, with three being scrapped in the early 1960s and the other three a decade later.
Max Hopper
Max D. Hopper (November 4, 1934 – January 25, 2010) was an American IT manager, who served as the CIO of Bank of America, the SVP (IS) of American Airlines (AA) and the chairman of the Sabre group. In 1992 Computerworld named him among the top 25 greatest contributors to the field of information systems.

Chief information officer
A chief information officer (CIO), chief digital information officer (CDIO), or information technology (IT) director is a job title commonly given to the most senior executive in an enterprise who works with information technology and computer systems, in order to support enterprise goals.

Normally, the CIO reports directly to the Managing Director. In military organizations, the CIO reports to the commanding officer. The role of chief information officer was first defined in 1981 by  William R. Synnott, former senior vice president of the Bank of Boston, and William H. Gruber, a former professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management. A CIO will sometimes serve as a member of the board of directors.
Drama theory
In operations research, drama theory is one of several problem structuring methods. It is based on game theory and adapts the use of games to complex organisational situations, accounting for emotional responses that can provoke irrational reactions and lead the players to redefine the game. In a drama, emotions trigger rationalizations that create changes in the game, and so change follows change until either all conflicts are resolved or action becomes necessary. The game as redefined is then played.

Drama theory was devised by professor Nigel Howard in the early 1990s and, since then, has been turned to defense, political, health, industrial relations and commercial applications. Drama theory is an extension of Howard's metagame analysis work developed at the University of Pennsylvania in the late 1960s, and presented formally in his book Paradoxes of Rationality, published by MIT Press. Metagame analysis was originally used to advise on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).

Problem structuring methods
Problem structuring methods (PSMs) are a group of techniques used to model or to map the nature or structure of a situation or state of affairs that some people want to change. PSMs are usually used by a group of people in collaboration (rather than by a solitary individual) to create a consensus about, or at least to facilitate negotiations about, what needs to change. Some widely adopted PSMs include

soft systems methodology

the strategic choice approach

strategic options development and analysis (SODA)

Unlike some problem solving methods that assume that all the relevant issues and constraints and goals that constitute the problem are defined in advance or are uncontroversial, PSMs assume that there is no single uncontested representation of what constitutes the problem.

PSMs are mostly used with groups of people, but PSMs have also influenced the coaching and counseling of individuals.
Trisopterus capelanus
Trisopterus capelanus is a fish species belonging to the cod family (Gadidae). It is found in the Mediterranean Sea.

The taxonomic status of Trisopterus capelanus has until recently been unclear, and it has been mostly considered to be a subspecies of Trisopterus minutus. However, genetic and morphometric analyses clearly support the status of Trisopterus capelanus as a separate species. In fact, Trisopterus capelanus is more closely related to Trisopterus luscus than to T. minutus.

The neotype of Trisopterus capelanus is 21 cm (8.3 in) in standard length and 23 cm (9.1 in) in total length.

Poor cod
The poor cod (Trisopterus minutus) is a temperate marine fish belonging to the cod family (Gadidae). It is red brown in colour and has a pronounced chin barbel. It may grow up to a length of 40 cm (16 in). It is usually found in small shoals at depths between 10 and 300 feet (3 and 91 m) over muddy or sandy bottoms. Its distribution spans the eastern Atlantic, from Norwegian coasts to Portugal and along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Spawning takes place towards the end of winter. They are often regarded as a mini species and are commonly confused with pouting as they have a similar appearance. They are often seen as a menace for anglers and have little commercial value and so are not currently at any risk of extinction.

They feed on crustaceans, small fish and marine worms. They are eaten by seals, dolphins and larger fish. It is commercially harvested for the production of fish meal, and in southern Europe as food.
Amy Farris
Amy Farris (October 20, 1968 – September 26, 2009) was an American fiddler and singer-songwriter. She toured or recorded with artists such as Dave Alvin, Exene Cervenka, Ray Price, Bruce Robison, Kelly Willis, and Brian Wilson. Her 2004 solo album Anyway was released on Yep Roc Records. The Los Angeles County Coroner's Department ruled her death a suicide.

Dave Alvin
David Albert Alvin (born November 11, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer. He is a former and founding member of the roots rock band the Blasters. Alvin has recorded and performed as a solo artist since the late 1980s and has been involved in various side projects and collaborations. He has had brief stints as a member of the bands X and the Knitters. He often refers to himself as "Blackjack Dave," in reference to his 1998 album and song of the same name.
Miss USA 2011
Miss USA 2011 was the 60th Anniversary of the Miss USA pageant, held at the Planet Hollywood Theatre for the Performing Arts in Paradise, Nevada, on June 19, 2011. Rima Fakih of Michigan crowned her successor, Alyssa Campanella of California, at the end of this event. This was California's sixth Miss USA title and the first title since 1992. Campanella represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in São Paulo, Brazil on September 12, 2011.

This pageant gained attention on the internet, when a video of all the contestant's answers to the question, whether evolution should be taught in school, was put on YouTube. Only two contestants affirmed that it should be taught, with the others confusing the question with the debate on evolution of species vs. creationism, or stating that both should be taught.

PH Live
PH Live is a mid-sized auditorium in the Planet Hollywood Las Vegas hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The venue hosts events including charity benefits, concerts and award shows including beauty pageants such as Miss Universe, Miss USA and Miss Teen USA.

The venue was named Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts from its opening in 1976 until 2006, Theatre for the Performing Arts from 2006 until 2007, Planet Hollywood Theatre for the Performing Arts from 2007 until June 2012, PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino from June 2012 to December 2013, The AXIS at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino from December 2013 to February 2018, Zappos Theater from February 2018 to March 2023, Bakkt Theater from March 2023 to August 2024, and PH Live since August 2024.
Jean Senelle
Jean Senelle (1605–1671) was a French painter. He studied in the studios of Georges Lallemand and Simon Vouet. His style is similar to that of Laurent de La Hyre and Claude Vignon, showing the evolution of late Mannerism into baroque classicism. Most of his works are now in the musée Bossuet in Meaux, where he died.

Simon Vouet
Simon Vouet (French pronunciation: [simɔ̃ vwɛ]; 9 January 1590 – 30 June 1649) was a French painter who studied and rose to prominence in Italy before being summoned by Louis XIII to serve as Premier peintre du Roi in France. He and his studio of artists created religious and mythological paintings, portraits, frescoes, tapestries, and massive decorative schemes for the king and for wealthy patrons, including Cardinal Richelieu. During this time, "Vouet was indisputably the leading artist in Paris," and was immensely influential in introducing the Italian Baroque style of painting to France. He was also, according to Pierre Rosenberg, "without doubt one of the outstanding seventeenth-century draughtsmen, equal to Annibale Carracci and Lanfranco."

A major international exhibition of Vouet's work is planned for 2027, co-organized by the Musée du Petit Palais in Paris and the Legion of Honor museum in San Francisco.
Emera
Emera Incorporated is a publicly traded Canadian multinational energy holding company based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Created in 1998 during the privatization of Nova Scotia Power, a provincial Crown corporation, Emera now invests in regulated electricity generation as well as transmission and distribution across North America and the Caribbean.

Enmax
Enmax Corporation (often styled as ENMAX) is a vertically-integrated utility with operations across Alberta, Canada, and in Maine, US.

Through its subsidiaries, ENMAX Power Corporation and Versant Power, ENMAX owns and operates transmission and distribution utilities that deliver electricity to customers in Calgary, Alberta, and northern and eastern Maine. Through ENMAX Energy Corporation, ENMAX owns and operates power generation facilities and offers electricity and natural gas products and services to residential, commercial and industrial customers across Alberta.
Groundwater flow
In hydrogeology, groundwater flow is defined as the "part of streamflow that has infiltrated the ground, entered the phreatic zone, and has been (or is at a particular time) discharged into a stream channel or springs; and seepage water."  It is governed by the groundwater flow equation.
Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rocks. Where water has filled these spaces is the phreatic (also called) saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers. The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability (the size of the spaces in the soil or rocks and how well the spaces are connected) and the hydraulic head (water pressure).

In polar regions groundwater flow may be obstructed by permafrost.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Capital Dance
Capital Dance is a national digital radio station in the United Kingdom, owned and operated by Global and run as a spin-off from Capital. The station broadcasts from studios at Leicester Square in London alongside its siblings Capital, Capital Xtra and Capital Chill. The station predominantly plays contemporary and current electronic dance music. Capital Dance broadcasts nationally, transmitted on Digital One in the DAB+ format, and online. To enable the addition of the station to Digital One, several other Global stations on the platform, including Capital UK, Heart UK, Capital XTRA Reloaded, Gold and Heart 70s, saw a reduction in their broadcast bandwidth.

As of May 2025, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 1.052 million, according to RAJAR.

Gold (British radio network)
Gold Radio is a network of oldies radio stations in the United Kingdom, which was formed by the merger of the Capital Gold network and the Classic Gold network in August 2007. Most programming is broadcast from the Global Radio studios in Leicester Square, London.

The station relaunched in March 2014 as a partly-automated service, broadcasting in fewer areas, after many of Gold's local AM/DAB frequencies were transferred to Smooth Radio. The station ceased broadcasting on AM in London on 29 September 2023 leaving Manchester as the only area receiving Gold on analogue radio. On 12 April 2024 the Gold website posted that the final AM transmitter would close at the end of the month.

As of September 2024, the network broadcasts to a combined weekly audience of 1.8 million, according to RAJAR.
William of Canterbury
William of Canterbury (floruit 1170–1177) was a medieval English monk and biographer of Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury murdered in December 1170. He was present at the murder of the archbishop and admitted in his writings that he ran from the murder scene. Later he collected miracle stories about Becket. He also wrote a hagiography, or saint's life, of Becket, one of five written at Canterbury soon after Becket's death. William's hagiography was later used by other medieval writers who wrote about Becket.

Frank Barlow (historian)
Frank Barlow (19 April 1911 – 27 June 2009) was an English historian, known particularly for biographies of medieval figures. His subjects included Edward the Confessor, Thomas Becket, and William Rufus.
Air abrasion
Air abrasion is a dental technique that uses compressed air to propel a thin stream of abrasive particles—often aluminum oxide or silica—through a specialized hand-piece to remove tooth tissue and decay before being suctioned away, similar to sand blasting. It can be used in a variety of dental procedures, including removing tooth decay, stains, and old restorations, as well as to prepare teeth for new restorations, sealants, and bonding.

Dental sealant
Dental sealants (also termed pit and fissure sealants, or simply fissure sealants) are a dental treatment intended to prevent tooth decay. Teeth have recesses on their biting surfaces; the back teeth have fissures (grooves) and some front teeth have cingulum pits. It is these pits and fissures that are most vulnerable to tooth decay because food and bacteria stick in them and because they are hard-to-clean areas. Dental sealants are materials placed in these pits and fissures to fill them in, creating a smooth surface which is easy to clean. Dental sealants are mainly used in children who are at higher risk of tooth decay, and are usually placed as soon as the adult molar teeth come through.
Ramanujan's sum
In number theory, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted cq(n), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula

where (a, q) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q.

Srinivasa Ramanujan mentioned the sums in a 1918 paper. In addition to the expansions discussed in this article, Ramanujan's sums are used in the proof of Vinogradov's theorem that every sufficiently large odd number is the sum of three primes.

Coprime integers
In number theory, two integers a and b are coprime, relatively prime or mutually prime if the only positive integer that is a divisor of both of them is 1. Consequently, any prime number that divides a does not divide b, and vice versa. This is equivalent to their greatest common divisor (GCD) being 1. One says also a is prime to b or a is coprime with b.

The numbers 8 and 9 are coprime, despite the fact that neither—considered individually—is a prime number, since 1 is their only common divisor. On the other hand, 6 and 9 are not coprime, because they are both divisible by 3. The numerator and denominator of a reduced fraction are coprime, by definition.
Fencing at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's épée
The men's épée was a fencing event held as part of the fencing programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was the second time the event was held at the Olympics. 5 fencers from 3 nations competed. The competition was held on September 7, 1904. The event was won by Ramón Fonst of Cuba, repeating as Olympic champion in the individual épée. The silver medal went to Charles Tatham and the bronze to Albertson Van Zo Post. Tatham and Van Zo Post were both Americans, but the International Olympic Committee's results page showed them as Cuban for more than a century until it was finally corrected in the early 2020s.

Fencing at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, five fencing events were contested. The third edition of the Olympic fencing program included a team event (in men's foil) for the first time, as well as the only Olympic singlestick competition. Events for fencing professionals were eliminated. The competitions were held on September 7, 1904 and September 8, 1904.
Vijayawada East Assembly constituency
Vijayawada East Assembly constituency is a constituency in NTR district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Vijayawada Lok Sabha constituency.

Gadde Rama Mohan is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 2,70,311 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1967, as per the Delimitation Orders (1967).

NTR district
NTR district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Vijayawada. The district is named after former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao. The district shares boundaries with  Guntur,  Palnadu,  Krishna,  Eluru,  Khammam and  Suryapet districts.
Wyomingite
Wyomingite is a type of volcanic rock. Specifically, it is a diopside-leucite phlogopite lamproite. It is a potassium enriched, alkaline, basic, phonolite first found in the Leucite Hills of Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Wyomingites are between foidite and tephri-phonolite in composition (in the QAPF classification) and contain leucite (20-25%), augite, phlogopite, apatite, calcite, magnetite and small amounts of olivine (but the latter may be absent). Silica (SiO2) content is between 48.9% and 51.7%. Common groundmass includes potassium-richterite. Wyomingite has also been found at two locations in Australia: West Kimberley, and near Ballina, New South Wales.

Phonolite
Phonolite is an uncommon shallow intrusive or extrusive rock, of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic, with texture ranging from aphanitic (fine-grained) to porphyritic (mixed fine- and coarse-grained). Phonolite is a variation of the igneous rock trachyte that contains nepheline or leucite rather than quartz. It has an unusually high (12% or more) Na2O + K2O content, defining its position in the TAS classification of igneous rocks. Its coarse grained (phaneritic) intrusive equivalent is nepheline syenite. Phonolite is typically fine grained and compact.
The name phonolite comes from the Ancient Greek meaning "sounding stone" due to the metallic sound it produces if an unfractured plate is hit; hence, the English name clinkstone is given as a synonym.
Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design
Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design (Urdu: پاکستان انسٹی ٹیوٹ آف فیشن اینڈ ڈیزائن), also referred to as PIFD, is a public design institution primarily located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 1994 as the Pakistan School of Fashion Design (PSF) by the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan, a department within the Ministry of Commerce. The close collaboration among the textile industry, Erasmus+, Commonwealth Association, and business and arts communities is intended to foster multi-disciplinary education and research.

The Pakistan government, in May 2011, set out to grant the institute a degree-awarding charter enabling to provide degrees recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

The institute has 1000+ students, making it Pakistan's only design institute. PIFD is a member of the Cumulus Association, a global network of universities and colleges teaching art, design, and media.

Ministry of Commerce (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Commerce (Urdu: وزارت تجارت); abbreviated as MoCom), is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with economic growth and commerce development and promotion in Pakistan.  The administrative head of the ministry is the Commerce Secretary of Pakistan, presently Muhammad Sualeh Ahmad Faruqi. The political head, Minister of Commerce, is required to be the member of Parliament.