hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 1172
Kosmos 1172 (Russian: Космос 1172 meaning Cosmos 1172) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1980 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1172 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 20:18 UTC on 12 April 1980. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1980-028A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 11758.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 26 December 1997.

Oko
Oko (Old Russian: Око, lit. 'Eye') is a Russian (previously Soviet) missile defence early warning programme consisting of satellites in Molniya and geosynchronous orbits. Oko satellites are used to identify launches of ballistic missiles by detection of their engines' exhaust plume in infrared light, and complement other early warning facilities such as Voronezh, Daryal and Dnepr radars. The information provided by these sensors can be used for the A-135 anti-ballistic missile system which defends Moscow. The satellites are run by the Russian Aerospace Forces, and previously the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and Russian Space Forces. Since November 2015, it is being replaced by the new EKS system.
Bermuda national football team results (1964–1989)
This article provides details of international football games played by the Bermuda national football team from 1964 (first match) to 1989.
The matches of the Pan American Games, Central American and Caribbean Games as well as the Olympic Games qualifiers are not recorded here because they are played either by amateur teams or youth teams.

Bermuda national football team
The Bermuda national football team represents Bermuda (British overseas territory) in men's international football, which is governed by the Bermuda Football Association founded in 1928. It has been a member of FIFA and CONCACAF since 1962. Regionally, it is a member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Bermuda has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but has qualified once for the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2019, and has also participated once in League A and three times in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League.

Bermuda's debut in international competitions was in the 1967 Pan American Games. Their first appearance in World Cup qualifiers was in the 1970 CONCACAF qualification. The team achieved its first victory in 1967, defeating Trinidad and Tobago 3–1.
Miss World riots
The Miss World riots were a series of religiously motivated riots in the Nigerian city of Kaduna in November 2002, resulting in the deaths of more than 200 people. The Miss World beauty pageant, which was controversial in Nigeria, was relocated to London after bloody clashes between Muslims and Christians, caused by what some Muslims deemed to be a "blasphemous" article in the newspaper ThisDay about the event. The Miss World riots were part of the Sharia conflict in Nigeria, that started in 1999 when several predominantly Islamic states in Northern Nigeria decided to introduce Sharia law.

Miss World
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The current Miss World is Suchata Chuangsri of Thailand who was crowned on 31 May 2025 in Hyderabad, India.
Socialism in Egypt
Socialism in Egypt as a political movement dates back to the early 20th century, with the founding of the first Egyptian Socialist Party in 1921. Despite facing severe state repression throughout the eras, Egyptian organized labor has consistently fought for greater worker rights against capitalism. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser developed a special type of Third-World Socialism, dubbed Nasserism, which has inspired many Arab and African socialist movements, such as the FLN in Algeria and the Third International Theory in Libya. While Egypt transitioned towards capitalism under President Anwar Sadat, Egyptian socialists have remained as harsh critics of privatization and neoliberalism in Egypt. Workers' uprisings in early 2000s Egypt under President Hosni Mubarak eventually exploded into the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.

1950 Egyptian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 3 January 1950, with a second round on 10 January. The result was a victory for the Wafd Party. They were the last parliamentary elections that took place under the monarchy, and the last genuinely contested legislative election in Egypt until the election following the Revolution of 2011.
Rickmansworth Aquadrome
Rickmansworth Aquadrome is a 41-hectare (101-acre) public park and Local Nature Reserve in Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Three Rivers District Council.

There are two lakes, which were created by the extraction of gravel for the original Wembley Stadium; Batchworth Lake is used for water skiing and Bury Lake is used by Bury Lake Young Mariners for sailing and canoeing. The site has a diverse range of wildlife habitats. It has small copper and gatekeeper butterflies.

The Aquadrome has open grassland; areas of woodland with trees such as oaks and willows; many birds including herons and moorhens; large car park; café and children's play area. Its boundaries are the River Colne to the north, the Grand Union Canal to the east and south and Stocker's Lake nature reserve to the west. In July 2009, it received a Green Flag Award for parks and open spaces which meet high standards.

Vehicular access is from Harefield Road via Frogmoor Lane'.

Three Rivers District
Three Rivers is a local government district in south-west Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Rickmansworth. The district borders Hertsmere, Watford, St Albans, Dacorum, Buckinghamshire, and the London boroughs of Hillingdon and Harrow.
Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann
Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann is a 1982 American science fiction Western film directed by William Dear and starring Fred Ward as Lyle Swann, a cross country dirt bike racer in the 1980s who is mistakenly sent back in time to 1877. The film was scored, produced and co-written (with director William Dear) by Michael Nesmith.

Temporal paradox
A temporal paradox, time paradox, or time travel paradox, is an apparent or actual contradiction associated with the idea of time travel or other foreknowledge of the future. Temporal paradoxes arise from circumstances involving hypothetical time travel to the past. They are often employed to demonstrate the impossibility of time travel. Temporal paradoxes fall into three broad groups: bootstrap paradoxes, consistency paradoxes, and free will causality paradoxes exemplified by the Newcomb paradox.
Supplemental Customs Consolidation Act 1855
The Supplemental Customs Consolidation Act 1855 (17 & 18 Vict. c. 96) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that further consolidated the various statutes relating to customs in the United Kingdom.

Reading (legislature)
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature.

In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. Legislative bodies in the United States also have readings.

The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed.
Structural unit
In polymer chemistry, a structural unit is a building block of a polymer chain. It is the result of a monomer which has been polymerized into a long chain.

There may be more than one structural unit in the repeat unit. When different monomers are polymerized, a copolymer is formed. It is a routine way of developing new properties for new materials.

Polymer chemistry
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry. Many materials have polymeric structures, from fully inorganic metals and ceramics to DNA and other biological molecules. However, polymer chemistry is typically related to synthetic and organic compositions. Synthetic polymers are ubiquitous in commercial materials and products in everyday use, such as plastics, and rubbers, and are major components of composite materials. Polymer chemistry can also be included in the broader fields of polymer science or even nanotechnology, both of which can be described as encompassing polymer physics and polymer engineering.
Hadhrami music
Hadhrami music is one of the five main Yemeni musical genres or "colours" (Arabic: الوان, romanized: alawn). It is native to the Hadhramaut region of Yemen and it is regarded as one of the most prominent forms of Arabic music. Its unique maqamat are widely employed by composers and musicians throughout the Arabian Peninsula. It compasses vocal performances in the Hadhrami Arabic dialect and features melodic phrases and a characteristic humming-style known as the Dan.

Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Arabic: دول الخليج الفارسي, romanized: duwal al-Khalīj al-ʿfarsi), are a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent political union of the region is the Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes all Persian Gulf states except Iraq. Most Persian Gulf states are former protectorates of the British Empire.
2015–16 New Zealand Women's One-Day Competition
The 2015–16 New Zealand Women's One-Day Competition was a 50-over women's cricket competition that took place in New Zealand. It ran from November 2015 to February 2016, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Auckland Hearts beat Wellington Blaze in the final to win the competition, their second 50-over title in two years.

The tournament ran alongside the 2015–16 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition.

Hallyburton Johnstone Shield
The Hallyburton Johnstone Shield is the premier domestic women's one-day cricket competition in New Zealand. The tournament began in 1935–36, as a first-class competition, but is now played as a 50-over competition, with six provincial teams taking part: Auckland, Canterbury, Central Districts, Northern Districts, Otago and Wellington. The tournament now runs alongside the Twenty20 Women's Super Smash.

The most successful side in the history of the competition are Canterbury, with 38 outright title wins and 1 shared title. The current holders are Otago, who beat Auckland in the final of the 2024–25 season.
Lauterach (Württemberg)
Lauterach (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtəʁax]) is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is located at the edge of the Swabian Jura, where the Great Lauter flows into the Danube, about 35 km southwest of Ulm.

The municipality borders in the north and east on Ehingen, in the south on Untermarchtal and Obermarchtal, as well as in the west on Rechtenstein and Emeringen. In addition to Lauterach, the community also includes the districts of Neuburg, Talheim and Reichenstein.

Alb-Donau-Kreis
Alb-Donau-Kreis is a Landkreis (district) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Biberach, Reutlingen, Göppingen and Heidenheim, the two Bavarian districts Günzburg and Neu-Ulm, and the city of Ulm.
Revelation 17
Revelation 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse to John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter describes the judgment of the Whore of Babylon ("Babylon the Harlot").

Revelation 1
Revelation 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the precise identity of the author is a point of academic debate. This chapter contains the prologue of the book, followed by the vision and commission of John.
Sheldon, West Midlands
Sheldon is an area of east Birmingham, England. Historically part of Warwickshire, it is close to the border with the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull and Birmingham Airport.

Sheldon is also one of the 69 electoral wards in Birmingham, and one of the four wards that make up the council constituency of Yardley. It covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2; 1,500 acres). Areas covered by the ward are Lyndon Green, Well's Green, Sheldon itself and part of Garrett's Green.

Sheldon was mentioned in the Domesday Book as Machitone, meaning "Macca's farm". A Mackadown Farm existed in the area until the First World War, however, it is only remembered through Mackadown Lane, a residential road.

The suburb is home to the 300 acre Sheldon Country Park, a popular local attraction.

Yardley, Birmingham
Yardley is an area in east Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It is also a council constituency, managed by its own district committee. Historically it lay within Worcestershire.

Birmingham Yardley is a constituency and its Member of Parliament is Jess Phillips, elected in May 2015.

The area of Gilbertstone straddles the border of Yardley and South Yardley.
2018 Nevada lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2018 Nevada lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Nevada, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 12, 2018.

Incumbent Republican lieutenant governor Mark Hutchison was eligible to run for re-election to a second term in office, but announced in August 2017 he would not seek re-election. Former Democratic state treasurer Kate Marshall won the open seat against Senate Minority Leader Michael Roberson.

2018 Nevada elections
Elections were held in Nevada on November 6, 2018. On that date, the state held elections for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Controller, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Nevada Senate, Nevada Assembly, and various others. In addition, several measures were on the ballot.
Chelis wagneri
Chelis wagneri is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Püngeler in 1918. It is found in central Tien Shan, a mountain range in Central Asia.

This species was moved from the genus Palearctia to Chelis as a result of phylogenetic research published in 2016.

Chelis (moth)
Chelis is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. There are more than 30 described species in Chelis, found in the holarctic.

As a result of phylogenetic research published in 2016, the genera Holoarctia, Neoarctia, Hyperborea have been merged with Chelis, and their species are now members of the genus Chelis.
2012 Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction election
The 2012 Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction election was held on November 6, 2012, to elect the Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction. Republican incumbent Tony Bennett ran for a second term but lost to Democrat Glenda Ritz by five percentage points.

This election, alongside the concurrent Senate election, is currently the last time a Democrat has won a statewide election in Indiana.

2012 United States Senate election in Indiana
The 2012 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Richard Lugar ran for reelection to a seventh term, but was defeated in the primary by Tea Party-backed Richard Mourdock.

U.S. Representative Joe Donnelly, a Democrat from Indiana's 2nd congressional district, was unopposed in his party's primary, and then defeated both Mourdock and Libertarian Andrew Horning in the general election. As of 2025, this is the last time Democrats won any statewide election in Indiana, and the most recent Senate election in which an elected incumbent was defeated in the primary. It was also the last time until 2024 where the opposite party picked up a seat in a cycle after losing the previous one a cycle earlier.
Coronation Mass (Mozart)
The Krönungsmesse (German for Coronation Mass) (Mass No. 15 in C major, K. 317; sometimes Mass No. 16), composed in 1779, is one of the most popular of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 17 extant settings of the Ordinary of the Mass. While it is relatively short, Bruce C. Macintyre, writing in the Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia, classifies it as a Missa Longa, on the basis of the festal character, size of the orchestra, which includes a substantial brass section, orchestral introductions for the movements and the setting of the intonations for the Gloria and Credo.

Sanctus
The Sanctus (Latin: Sanctus, "Holy") is a hymn in Christian liturgy. It may also be called the epinikios hymnos (Greek: ἐπινίκιος ὕμνος, "Hymn of Victory") when referring to the Greek rendition and parts of it are sometimes called "Benedictus". Tersanctus (Latin: "Thrice Holy") is another, rarer name for the Sanctus. The same name is sometimes used for the Trisagion.

In Western Christianity, the Sanctus forms part of the Ordinary and is sung (or said) as the final words of the Preface of the Eucharistic Prayer of remembrance, consecration, and praise. The preface, which alters according to the season, usually concludes with words describing the praise of the worshippers joining with the angels, who are pictured as praising God with the words of the Sanctus. In the Byzantine Rite and general Eastern Orthodox Christianity, the Sanctus is offered as a response by the choir during the Holy Anaphora.
Javier Golovchenko
Javier Golovchenko (born 12 March 1974) is a Uruguayan swimmer. He competed in the 100 metre butterfly and the 200 metre butterfly events at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Golovchenko moved to Brazil in 1993 to train. He coached fellow Uruguayans Ines Remersaro and Martin Melconian at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro.

Inés Remersaro
Inés Remersaro Coronel (born December 2, 1992) is an Olympic backstroke swimmer from Uruguay.

Remersaro competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in the Women's 100 metre backstroke and at the Women's 200 metre backstroke, finishing 20th and 16th respectively.

She also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's 100 metre backstroke, finishing in 43rd place in the heats, failing to qualify for the semifinals.

In 2019, she represented Uruguay at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events. In both events she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals.
The Cincinnati Times-Star
The Cincinnati Times-Star was an afternoon daily newspaper in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, from 1880 to 1958. The Northern Kentucky edition was known as The Kentucky Times-Star, and a Sunday edition was known as The Sunday Times-Star. The Times-Star was owned by the Taft family and originally edited by Charles Phelps Taft, then, by his nephew, Hulbert Taft, Sr. The Taft family's investments in news media would later grow into Taft Broadcasting, a conglomerate that owned radio, television, and entertainment properties nationwide.

Taft family
The Taft family is an American political family of English descent, with origins in Massachusetts. Its members have served in the states of Massachusetts, Ohio, Rhode Island, Utah, and Vermont, and the United States federal government, in various positions such as representative (two), governor of Ohio, governor of Rhode Island, senator (three), secretary of agriculture, attorney general, secretary of war (two), acting secretary of defense, president, and chief justice.
Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, 433 U.S. 350 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the right of lawyers to advertise their services. In holding that lawyer advertising was commercial speech entitled to protection under the First Amendment (incorporated against the States through the Fourteenth Amendment), the Court upset the tradition against advertising by lawyers, rejecting it as an antiquated rule of etiquette.

The Court emphasized the benefits of the information that flows to consumers through advertising, positing that lawyer advertising would make legal services more accessible to the general public and improve the overall administration of justice. The Court had previously held in Virginia State Pharmacy Board v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council that advertising by pharmacists regarding the price of prescription drugs was commercial speech protected by the First Amendment.

Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law
The Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (ASU Law) is the law school at Arizona State University in Phoenix, Arizona. The school is in the Beus Center for Law and Society on ASU's downtown Phoenix campus. Created in 1965 as the Arizona State University College of Law upon recommendation of the Arizona Board of Regents, with the first classes held in the fall of 1967. The school has held American Bar Association accreditation since 1969 and is a member of the Order of the Coif. The school is also a member of the Association of American Law Schools. In 2006, the law school was renamed in honor of Phoenix resident, Stanford graduate, and retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.
Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus Rattus. Other rat genera include Neotoma (pack rats), Bandicota (bandicoot rats) and Dipodomys (kangaroo rats).

Rats are typically distinguished from mice by their size. Usually the common name of a large muroid rodent will include the word "rat", while a smaller muroid's name will include "mouse". The common terms rat and mouse are not taxonomically specific. There are 56 known species of rats in the world.

Black rat
The black rat (Rattus rattus), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It is a generalist omnivore that can live on a wide variety of foods. It associates extensively with humans, and most populations are synanthropic. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide.

The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a prominent pest to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of agricultural crops. It is sometimes kept as a pet, though most domestic rats are a subspecies of the brown rat. In parts of India, it is considered sacred and respected, notably at the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke.