hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muladí
Muladí is a term used for the indigenous population of the Iberian Peninsula who adopted Islam after the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The demarcation of muladíes from the population of Arab and Berber extraction was relevant in the first centuries of Islamic rule, however, by the 10th century, they diluted into the bulk of the society of al-Andalus. In Sicily, Muslims of local descent or of mixed Arab, and Sicilian origin were also sometimes referred to as Muwallad. They were also called Musalimah ('Islamized'). In broader usage, the word muwallad is used to describe Arabs of mixed parentage, especially those not living in their ancestral homelands.

Ibn al-Qutiyya
Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (ابن القوطية, died 6 November 977), born Muḥammad Ibn ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʾIbrāhīm ibn ʿIsā ibn Muzāḥim (محمد ابن عمر ابن عبد العزيز ابن إبراهيم ابن عيسى ابن مزاحم), also known as Abu Bakr or al-Qurtubi ("the Córdoban"), was an Andalusian historian and considered the greatest philologist at the Umayyad court of caliph Al-Hakam II.  His magnum opus, the History of the Conquest of al-Andalus, is one of the earliest Arabic Muslim accounts of the Islamic conquest of Spain.
Flying Machines FM250 Vampire
The Flying Machines FM250 Vampire is a Czech ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by Flying Machines s.r.o. of Rasošky, introduced at the Sport Aircraft Show held in Sebring, Florida in 2007. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Ariane Next
Ariane Next is a future European partially reusable launch vehicle planned to succeed Ariane 6, with an entry into service in the 2030s. The objective of the new launcher is to halve the launch costs compared with Ariane 6. Principal technologies for Ariane Next are being developed under the EU-funded Project SALTO's VTVL demonstrator Themis programme, the joint CNES-DLR-JAXA VTVL demonstrator CALLISTO project, and the ESA-funded Prometheus methane-fueled rocket engine development project. ArianeGroup plans to use Prometheus first on the smaller, partially reusable Maia rocket, developed by its subsidiary MaiaSpace.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
North-West Football Championship
North-West Football Championship (Russian: Первенство Северо-Запада по футболу) is the north-west regional competition of Russian Amateur Football League, the fourth overall tier of the Russian football league system.

FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg is a Russian football club from Saint Petersburg, in Northwest Russia. Founded in 1922, the club was one of the oldest in the city. It plays in the fourth-tier Russian Second League Division B.

They were a regular in the Soviet Top League until relegation in 1963. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, their highest status was in the second-level Russian National Football League  for several seasons, and the fifth place in the league is their greatest achievement.

In July 2015, the club was purchased by Boris Rotenberg. In June 2018, the team moved to Sochi, becoming PFC Sochi; In Saint Petersburg there remained Dynamo youth team. In 2019, Dynamo was reestablished by Clubs' Veterans on the resources of FC LAZ Luga. From August 2021 to 2023, Chinese trucks manufacturer SAIC Iveco Hongyan was the main sponsor. Since 2023, SETL Group company are the Clubs’ sponsor.
Kawara-dera
Kawara-dera (川原寺) was a Buddhist temple established during the Asuka period in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Archaeological excavations have revealed a large-scale complex which included two Kondō, a pagoda, extensive priests' quarters, and roof tiles that are "among the most beautiful ever made in Japan". The site of the precincts has been protected as a designated a National Historic Site since 1921   and forms part of a grouping of sites submitted in 2007 for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List: Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan’s Ancient Capitals and Related Properties. Related artefacts are displayed at the Asuka Historical Museum.

Asuka, Nara
Asuka (明日香村, Asuka-mura) is a village located in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 inhabitants per square mile (93/km2). The total area is 24.08 km2 (9.30 sq mi).

Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka (飛鳥) palaces were located. There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town.

Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line. Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines. By car, Asuka is on Route 169.
Château Fortia
44°03′07″N 4°50′20″E﻿ / ﻿44.052°N 4.839°E﻿ / 44.052; 4.839

Château Fortia is a French wine producing estate in the Châteauneuf-du-Pape region of the Rhône Valley. With a history dating back to the eighteenth century (on land that has been producing wine since at least the fourteenth century), Château Fortia has long been a notable producer in the southern Rhône. In the early twentieth century, the estate came under the direction of Pierre Le Roy de Boiseaumarié. Baron Le Roy went on to be co-founder of the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) and guided the creation of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system which is the basis of not only French wine laws but has also been influential in the laws and appellation systems around the globe.

Aroma of wine
The aromas of wine are more diverse than its flavours. The human tongue is limited to the primary tastes perceived by taste receptors on the tongue – sourness, bitterness, saltiness, sweetness and savouriness. The wide array of fruit, earthy, leathery, floral, herbal, mineral, and woodsy flavour present in wine are derived from aroma notes sensed by the olfactory bulb. In wine tasting, wine is sometimes smelled before taking a sip in order to identify some components of the wine that may be present. Different terms are used to describe what is being smelled. The most basic term is aroma which generally refers to a "pleasant" smell as opposed to odour which refers to an unpleasant smell or possible wine fault. The term aroma may be further distinguished from bouquet which generally refers to the smells that arise from the chemical reactions of fermentation and aging of the wine.
Reaching Out (Menudo album)
Reaching Out is the fourteenth studio album by the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, released in 1984 by RCA. The album stands out as their first English record in their discography, and marks the group's phonographic debut in Brazil. The group consisted of members Ricky, Charlie, Ray, Roy, and Robby.

The album's songs consist of tracks selected from their last four Spanish language albums, translated into English, with the exception of the original song "Like A Cannonball," recorded for the soundtrack of Burt Reynolds’ film Cannonball Run II. In addition to the mentioned track, singles included "If You're Not Here (By My Side)", "Heavenly Angel", and "Motorcycle Dreamer".

The album received a positive reception from audiences and critics alike. Sales surpassed 425,000 copies in the United States and 1 million in Brazil, earning it a diamond certification in the latter.

Nelson Oliveira Pesquisa e Estudo de Mercado
Nelson Oliveira Pesquisa e Estudo de Mercado (Nopem) is an institute that surveys record sales and the most played songs in Brazil. The institute started its activities in 1964, and its survey takes into account stores in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
François Tanguy
François Tanguy (23 June 1958 – 6 December 2022) was a French theatre director.

His father, a secretary of a college in the Paris suburbs, was part of an amateur theatre group close to Jacques Lassalle. In 1982, he became director of the Théâtre du Radeau, founded in 1977. In 1985, the theatre moved to Le Mans and was renamed La Fonderie in 1992.

Tanguy advocated for undocumented migrants in Bosnia, for which he led a hunger strike in 1995 alongside Ariane Mnouchkine and Olivier Py.

In 2018, Tanguy received the Prix SACD.

Tanguy died in Le Mans on 6 December 2022, at the age of 64.

Ariane Mnouchkine
Ariane Mnouchkine (French: [aʁjan nuʃkin]; born 3 March 1939) is a French stage director. She founded the Parisian avant-garde stage ensemble Théâtre du Soleil in 1964. She wrote and directed 1789 (1974) and Molière (1978), and directed La Nuit Miraculeuse (1989). She holds a Chair of Artistic Creation at the Collège de France, an Honorary Degree in Performing Arts from the University of Rome III, awarded in 2005 and an Honorary Doctor of Letters from Oxford University, awarded 18 June 2008.
Anim8or
Anim8or is a freeware OpenGL-based 3D modeling and animation program by R. Steven Glanville, a software engineer at NVidia. Currently at stable version 1.01.1402, it is a compact program with several tools which would normally be expected in high-end, paid software. To date, every version released has been under 3 MB, despite the fact that it does not make full use of Windows' native interface, carrying some graphical elements of its own. Although few official tutorials have been posted by the author, many other users have posted their own on sites such as YouTube and the anim8or home page. While Anim8or was once comparable to other freeware 3D animation software such as Blender, it has seen less progression in recent years, with Blender now being more capable than before.

Blender (software)
Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software tool set that runs on Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD, Haiku, and IRIX. It is used for general 3D modeling and animation - however, it's most known for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D-printed models, motion graphics, interactive 3D applications, virtual reality, and creating 3D models for video games.

Blender was used to produce the Academy Award-winning film Flow (2024).
Indian natural history
Natural history in the Indian subcontinent has a long heritage with a recorded history going back to the Vedic era. Natural history research in early times included the broad fields of palaeontology, zoology and botany. These studies would today be considered under field of ecology but in former times, such research was undertaken mainly by amateurs, often physicians, civil servants and army officers.

Although the growth of modern natural history in India can be attributed to British colonialism and the growth of natural history in Britain, there is considerable evidence to suggest that India with its diverse landscapes, fauna and flora along with other tropical colonies helped in creating an increased interest in natural history in Britain and elsewhere in the world. Natural history in India was also enriched by older traditions of conservation, folklore, nature study and the arts.

William Henry Sykes
Colonel William Henry Sykes, FRS (25 January 1790 – 16 June 1872) was an English naturalist who served with the British military in India and was specifically known for his work with the Indian Army as a politician, Indologist and ornithologist. One of the pioneers of the Victorian statistical movement, a founder of the Royal Statistical Society, he conducted surveys and examined the efficiency of army operation. Returning from service in India, he became a director of the East India Company and a member of parliament representing Aberdeen.
Alexa (name)
Alexa is a female form of Alex.  It is variously a given name in its own right or a short form of Alexandra, both of which come from the Greek name Alexandros.  It can be broken down into alexo meaning "to defend" and ander meaning "man", making Alexa mean "defender" and Alexandra "defender of man". The similarly-spelled name Aleksa is a South Slavic masculine name.

Alex
Alex, Alec or Aleks is a unisex name, employed either as a hypocoristic or a standalone given name, derived from the Greek element ἀλέξειν (aléxein), meaning "to defend" or "to protect." Universally recognized as a diminutive for Alexander and Alexandra, Alex has, in contemporary usage, established itself as an independent given name for both males and females. Additionally, it is associated with Alexis.
West Bromwich Mountaineering Club
West Bromwich Mountaineering Club (WBMC) is one of the oldest and most active climbing and hill-walking clubs in the West Midlands.   It meets at "The Red Lion" in All Saints Way, West Bromwich on Thursday nights, where from October to April it holds a series of illustrated mountaineering talks on the second Thursday of the month.   It has a membership of around 200 and every month runs a coach to a mountainous region in England or Wales, on which seats are available to its members and the general public on a 'first come - first served' basis and also maintains a members-only hut in the Nant Gwynant valley.  It affiliated to the British Mountaineering Council in 2003 and became a Community Association Sports Club (CASC) in 2005.

Climbers' Club
The Climbers' Club is the senior rock-climbing club in England and Wales (outside the Lake District). The club was founded in 1898. The CC is one of the largest publishers of climbing guidebooks in many of the main climbing areas of England and Wales. The club also owns and operates a number of climbing huts in England, Scotland, and Wales.
Raymond Barre
Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ baʁ]; 12 April 1924 – 25 August 2007) was a French politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three presidents (Rey, Malfatti and Mansholt). He later served as Prime Minister under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981. As a candidate for the presidency in 1988, he came in third and was eliminated in the first round. He was born in Saint-Denis, on the French island of Réunion, and then still a colony (it became an overseas department in 1946).

Jean Rey (politician)
Jean Rey (French: [ʒɑ̃ ʁɛ]; 15 July 1902 – 19 May 1983) was a Belgian Liberal politician who served as the second president of the European Commission from 1967 to 1970. He served as European Commissioner for External Relations from 1958 to 1967. The 1983–1984 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.
Norman Squire
Norman Powell Squire (born 22 November 1909, in Christchurch, New Zealand, † 23 December 1974 in Sydney, Australia) was an Australian snooker player.

Squire was born in 1909 in Christchurch, New Zealand to a bricklayer father. He attended a public school and a year of technical college.

In 1935 Squire emigrated to Sydney on the advice of snooker player Edward James O'Donoghue, who recognized his talent. He trained for a long time and got better and better. In 1939, he married Annie Ross (d.1965). In 1943 he went to the Royal Australian Air Force as an aircraft mechanic and spent two years there. The Second World War ruined his chances of a career in snooker. Horace Lindrum had allegedly been reluctant to accept his challenge for the Australian snooker title in 1944. Nevertheless, he trained at the air force and became a professional snooker at the age of over 50.

Horace Lindrum
Horace Lindrum (born Horace Norman William Morrell, 15 January 1912 – 20 June 1974) was an Australian professional player of snooker and English billiards. Lindrum won the 1952 World Snooker Championship defeating New Zealander Clark McConachy. The tournament is disputed, as it had only two participants, and other players boycotted the event to play in the 1952 World Professional Match-play Championship. Lindrum won the Australian Professional Billiards Championship on multiple occasions, first winning the event in 1934.

Lindrum lived in Britain for long periods and played in the major British tournaments. From his arrival in Britain in 1935, he was regarded as the second-best player in the world, behind Joe Davis. Lindrum contested three World Snooker Championship finals against Davis, in 1936, 1937 and 1946, losing all three to Davis but coming close to beating him on several occasions.
Hugh Binning
Hugh Binning (1627–1653) was a Scottish philosopher and theologian. He was born in Scotland during the reign of Charles I and was ordained in the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland. He died in 1653, during the time of Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth of England.

Act of Classes
The Act of Classes was passed by the Parliament of Scotland on 23 January 1649. It was probably drafted by Lord Warriston, a leading member of the Kirk Party, who along with the Marquess of Argyll were leading proponents of its clauses. It banned Royalists and those who had supported the Engagement from holding public office including positions in the army. Against sizeable opposition the rescinding of the Act took effect on 13 August 1650.
Wolnzach
Wolnzach (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlntsax], locally [ˈvɔɪntsɔ(x)]) is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria, Germany. It is also a "seal district" ("Siegelbezirk") of the hop-planting area Hallertau, and home of important hops-related institutions such as the German Hops Museum ("Deutsches Hopfenmuseum") and the Hop Research Center Hüll.

Pfaffenhofen (district)
Pfaffenhofen (German: [pfafn̩ˈhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Eichstätt, Kelheim, Freising, Dachau and Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, and the city of Ingolstadt.
1986 NAIA World Series
The 1986 NAIA World Series was the 30th annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played at Harris Field in Lewiston, Idaho.

Grand Canyon (55–18) defeated hosts and two-time defending champions Lewis–Clark State (55–11) in a single-game championship series, 6–5 (after 10 innings), to win the Antelopes' fourth NAIA World Series and first since 1982.

Grand Canyon first baseman Greg Duce was named tournament MVP.

1982 NAIA World Series
The 1982 NAIA World Series was a double-elimination tournament to determine the baseball champion of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The tournament was held at Chaparral Stadium on the campus of Lubbock Christian College in Lubbock, Texas from May 31 through June 5. The Grand Canyon Antelopes won the tournament, the team's third consecutive NAIA baseball championship.
Danmarks Næste Topmodel season 5
Danmarks Næste Topmodel, cycle 5 was the fifth cycle of Danmarks Næste Topmodel. Caroline Fleming remained as the show's host for season five. The season began to air on September 25, 2014.

Among with the prizes was a modeling contract with Unique Model Management and the cover spread in COVER magazine Denmark.

The winner was 17-year-old Sarah Kildevæld Madsen from Horsens. The following year Kildevæld Madsen's younger brother, Daniel, won the following cycle of Danmarks Næste Topmodel.

Danmarks Næste Topmodel
Danmarks Næste Topmodel (English: Denmark's Next Top Model), or simply Topmodel, was a Danish reality television show and an adaptation of America's Next Top Model, created by Tyra Banks. It began to be broadcast on Kanal 4 with Caroline Fleming being the host. After the fifth season, Fleming announced that she would not continue hosting the show. She was replaced by Cecilie Lassen for season 6.
2021 Women's South American Volleyball Championship
The 2021 Women's South American Volleyball Championship was the 34th edition of the Women's South American Volleyball Championship held in Barrancabermeja, Colombia and organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). The champion and first runner-ups will qualify for the 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

Women's South American Volleyball Championship
The Women's South American Volleyball Championship is the official competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of South America, organized by the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1967 they have been awarded every two years. The competition has been dominated by Brazil and Peru.
Nanoprobing
Nanoprobing is method of extracting device electrical parameters through the use of nanoscale tungsten wires, used primarily in the semiconductor industry. The characterization of individual devices is instrumental to engineers and integrated circuit designers during initial product development and debug. It is commonly utilized in device failure analysis laboratories to aid with yield enhancement, quality and reliability issues and customer returns. Commercially available nanoprobing systems are integrated into either a vacuum-based scanning electron microscope (SEM) or atomic force microscope (AFM). Nanoprobing systems that are based on AFM technology are referred to as Atomic Force nanoProbers (AFP).

Current–voltage characteristic
A current–voltage characteristic or  I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material,  and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.
Nowy Wylezin
Nowy Wylezin [ˈnɔvɨ vɨˈlɛʑin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowiesy, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Kowiesy, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Skierniewice, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Kowiesy, Łódź Voivodeship
Kowiesy [kɔˈvjɛsɨ] is a village in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kowiesy. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) east of Skierniewice and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 150.
Daniel Oliver (policymaker)
Daniel Oliver (born March 10, 1939) was executive editor of National Review from 1973 to 1976 and chairman of the Federal Trade Commission from 1986 to 1990.  He was chairman of the National Review board and a trustee of the magazine made so by William F. Buckley, Jr., founder of the publication.

Pacific Research Institute
The Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy (PRI) is a California-based free-market think tank which promotes "the principles of individual freedom and personal responsibility" through policies that emphasize a free economy, private initiative, and limited government. PRI was founded in 1979 by British philanthropist Antony Fisher and San Francisco businessman James North. The organization is headquartered in Pasadena, California, with an additional office in Sacramento.