hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1957 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.

The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October–December 1956.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

SSAFA
SSAFA, the Armed Forces charity, also known as the Soldiers', Sailors', and Airmen's Families Association, is a UK charity that provides trusted support to serving men and women and veterans from the British Armed Forces and their families or dependents. Anyone who is currently serving or has ever served in the Royal Navy, British Army or Royal Air Force and their families, both regulars and reserves, is eligible for their help.

SSAFA’s professional staff and network of more than 3400 volunteers assist more than 66,000 people every year, from World War II veterans to the families of young servicemen and women wounded or killed in Afghanistan.

Founded in 1885, SSAFA is the UK's oldest national tri-service Armed Forces charity.
Connecticut Military Department
The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the 
Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, and four companies of the state militia. The Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11, 1637, when the "General Courts" (colonial assembly - legislature) established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the State's Military Department was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector.

Connecticut Colony
The Connecticut Colony, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony, was an English colony in New England which became the state of Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636 as a settlement for a Puritan congregation of settlers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony led by Thomas Hooker. The English secured their control of the region in the Pequot War. The colony eventually absorbed the neighboring New Haven and Saybrook colonies. It was part of the brief Dominion of New England. The colony's founding document was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which has been called the first written constitution of a democratic government, earning Connecticut the nickname "The Constitution State".
Skull Gang Entertainment
Skull Gang Entertainment is a hip-hop label formed by Skull Gang member Juelz Santana in 2008. With his usual crew on hold due to infighting and his solo career tied up in contract disputes,  Dipset member Juelz Santana formed his own group, Skull Gang, in 2008. Featuring Santana along with Richmond Rab, Starr, Unkasa, John Depp, Deniro, and Riq Rose, the crew first appeared on the mixtape Takeover: The New Movement to Move With released in 2008. A year later, many of the tracks ended up on the group's self-titled debut album released by the E-1 label. In 2011 Juelz Santana will release his second studio album in a joint venture 50/50 with Def Jam on June 15.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Senegal national football team
The Senegal national football team (French: Équipe de football du Senegal), nicknamed Les Lions de la Teranga (meaning: The Lions of Teranga), represents Senegal in men's international association football and is operated by the Senegalese Football Federation.

One of Africa's most famous national football teams, Senegal reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the second team from Africa to do so (after Cameroon in 1990). They managed to upset defending world champions France, finish second in their group, and beat Sweden in extra time in the round of 16, before losing to Turkey in the quarter-finals.

Senegal won two Africa Cup of Nations titles, in 2021 and 2025. Their first appearance in the competition was in 1965, when they lost 1–0 to Ivory Coast for fourth place. They hosted the 1992 African Cup of Nations, where they made it to the quarter-finals, and finished as runners-up in both 2002 and 2019.

Ghana national football team
The Ghana national football team represents Ghana in men's international football. The team is named the Black Stars after the Black Star of Africa in the flag of Ghana. It is governed by the Ghana Football Association, the governing body for football in Ghana. Prior to 1957, it played as the Gold Coast.

Ghana qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2006. The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations four times (1963, 1965, 1978, and 1982), while finishing as runners-up five times (1968, 1970, 1992, 2010, and 2015). They have also qualified for the CHAN four times, finishing as runners-up twice (2009 and 2014).

In 2009, Ghana achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first African nation to win the FIFA U-20 World Cup, defeating Brazil in the final in Egypt.

As at November 20, 2025, Ghana ranked 72nd in the world and 17th among African football nations.
USF2000 Championship
The USF2000 Championship Presented by Continental Tire is an American racing series using an American variation of the Formula Ford standard, "F2000", that resumed operation for the 2010 season. As of 2022, it is sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC), and operated by Andersen Promotions. It is the second rung of the Road to Indy.

Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.
2016–17 Slovenian Futsal League
The 2016–17 Slovenian Futsal League season (also known as the 1. SFL) was the 22nd edition of the Futsal League since its establishment in 1995. The regular season started on 23 September 2016 and concluded on 10 March 2017. The championship play-offs were played after the end of the regular season.

Brezje Maribor were the defending champions by defeating Litija in the finals of the 2015–16 season, winning its first title. They successfully defended the title, again defeating Litija 3–1 in the finals, to win their second consecutive title.

Slovenian Futsal League
The Slovenian First Futsal League (Slovene: Prva slovenska futsal liga), also known by the abbreviation 1. SFL, is the main futsal league in Slovenia, organized by the Football Association of Slovenia.
Dawangzhuang Subdistrict
Dawangzhuang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 大王庄街道; traditional Chinese: 大王莊街道; pinyin: Dàwángzhuāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated on the southwestern side of Hedong District, Tianjin. it shares border with Chunhua and Tangjiekou Subdistricts in its northeast, Dazhigu Subdistrict in its southeast, Xiawafang and Dayingmen Subdistricts in its south, as well as Xiaobailou and Guangfudao Subdistricts in its west. As of 2010, its total population was 65,614.

The subdistrict's name can be translated as "Great Wang's Villa".

Xiaobailou Subdistrict
Xiaobailou Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 小白楼街道; traditional Chinese: 小白樓街道; pinyin: Xiǎobáilóu Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Heping District, Tianjin. it borders Guangfudao Subdistrict in the north, Dawangzhuang Subdistrict in the east, Dayingmen and Wudadao Subdistrict in the south, and Quanyechang Subdistrict in the west. It was once part of the American concession of Tianjin. As of 2010, its population was 30,982.

The name Xiaobailou (Chinese: 小白楼; lit. 'Small White Building') originated back when this region was a foreign concession. Since the area did not have an official name yet, it was named after a two-story pub that was a local landmark.
Cliona viridis
Cliona viridis, commonly called the green boring sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae. Its form varies according to the nature of the surface on which it grows.  In limestone and other calcareous substrates it excavates channels and chambers while on other types of rock it encrusts the surface or forms massive structures. It is native to the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

Clionaidae
Clionaidae is a family of ectoparasitic demosponges which are found worldwide. This group of sponges are well known for boring holes in calcareous material such as mollusc shells and coral skeletons, using both chemical and mechanical processes.
Microsoft UI Automation
Microsoft UI Automation (UIA) is an application programming interface (API) that allows one to access, identify, and manipulate the user interface (UI) elements of another application.

UIA is targeted at providing UI accessibility and it is a successor to Microsoft Active Accessibility. It also facilitates GUI test automation, and it is the engine upon which many test automation tools are based. RPA tools also use it to automate applications in business processes.

UIA's property providers support both Win32 and .NET programs.

The latest specification of UIA is found as part of the Microsoft UI Automation Community Promise Specification. Microsoft claims that portability to platforms other than Microsoft Windows was one of its design goals. It has since been ported to Mono.

Windows API
The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the foundational application programming interface (API) that allows a computer program to access the features of the Microsoft Windows operating system in which the program is running. Programs typically access this API using system libraries, which are shared libraries.

Each major version of the Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.

Microsoft provides developer support via a software development kit, Microsoft Windows SDK, which includes documentation and tools for building software based on the Windows API.
Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The final of the Men's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 2003 Pan American Games took place on Wednesday August 6, 2003, with the heats staged a day earlier. Dominican Republic's Félix Sánchez set a new Pan American Games record in the final, clocking 48.19 seconds.

Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games
The athletics competition at the 2003 Pan American Games was held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, from Tuesday, August 5, to Saturday, August 9, 2003. The competition comprised track and field events plus marathon races and three racewalking events, with a total of 46 contests taking place.
Claxby Pluckacre
Claxby Pluckacre is a hamlet in the civil parish of Claxby with Moorby, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south-east from the town of Horncastle. In 1971 the parish had a population of 14. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Moorby to form "Claxby with Moorby".

Whilst Claxby Pluckacre is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book, today it is considered a deserted medieval village with slight earthworks visible between Hall Farm and The Grange.

Claxby Pluckacre once had a church dedicated to Saint Andrew, which fell down in 1748 and was never rebuilt. The last priest was instituted 1660–62. Whilst nothing remains it can be seen as earthworks.

Each year, in July, there is an annual pilgrimage to the site of St Andrew's Church. The Mareham le Fen Victory Silver Band provides the music for a service which commemorates the over 250 villages and hamlets lost in Lincolnshire over the past four centuries.

Horncastle
Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.
Nancy Tinari
Nancy Tinari (née Rooks, born 13 June 1959) is a Canadian former long-distance runner. She won the silver medal at the 1987 World 15 km Road Race Championships behind Ingrid Kristiansen. Her time of 48:53 still stands as the Canadian record. She also won a silver medal at the 1987 Pan American Games, and represented Canada at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Tinari continued competing into her forties, including finishing second at the 2000 Canadian 10 km Road Race Championships aged 41 and winning the Canadian Masters Cross Country title in November 2008 aged 49.

Ingrid Kristiansen
Ingrid Kristiansen (née Christensen on 21 March 1956) is a Norwegian former athlete. She was one of the best female long-distance runners during the 1980s. She is a former world record holder in the 5000 metres, 10,000 metres and the marathon (at one point in time she held those records simultaneously). Kristiansen was a World Champion on the track, roads and cross-country, becoming the first athlete to win World titles on all three surfaces. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, she finished fourth in the first women's Olympic marathon. At the 1988 Seoul Olympics, she dropped out of the 10,000 metres final while leading. Early in her career, she was also an elite cross country skier, winning several Norwegian titles and a European junior championships.

Kristiansen's 1986 world record in the 10,000 m was not broken for 5 years. Her 1985 London Marathon 2:21:06 was the record marathon time for 13 years.
Jyoti Chetty
Jyoti Chetty (born January 26, 1982, in Pretoria) is a South African sabre fencer. Chetty represented South Africa at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in two sabre events.

For her first event, the women's individual sabre, Chetty lost the first preliminary match to Tunisia's Azza Besbes, with a score of 2–15. Few days later, she joined with her fellow fencers and teammates Shelley Gosher, Elvira Wood and Adele du Plooy, for the women's team sabre. Chetty and her team, however, lost the seventh place match to the Canadian team (led by Sandra Sassine), with a total score of 16 touches.

Sandra Sassine
Sandra Sassine (born September 28, 1979) is a Canadian fencer. She was born in Chibougamau, Quebec. She competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the women's sabre in 2008, she competed in section 3, beating Elvira Wood in the first round, but was eliminated in the second round by gold medalist Mariel Zagunis. She placed 28th overall. She was a member of the Canadian team that finished in 7th place in the team sabre event.

She competed in the women's individual sabre event at the 2012 Summer Olympics where she lost to Aleksandra Socha in the first round.
Variants of PCR
Variants of PCR represent a diverse array of techniques that have evolved from the basic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, each tailored to specific applications in molecular biology, such as genetic analysis, DNA sequencing, and disease diagnosis, by modifying factors like primer design, temperature conditions, and enzyme usage.

Arbitrarily amplified DNA
Arbitrarily amplified DNA (AAD) refers to a family of DNA profiling methods that amplify template nucleic acids with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AAD includes the first methodologies introduced in the very early 1990s within a span of only few months: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), and DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). These techniques were initially used for genetic typing, strain discrimination, genome mapping, phylogenetic analysis, and population analysis, in that sequence, and their subsequent use over the following decades continue to influence many areas of research. Several variants were introduced in the first years after their development (see early listings), one of which–amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)–became widely adopted.
The Assassination of Trotsky
The Assassination of Trotsky is a 1972 historical thriller film directed by Joseph Losey. It dramatizes the killing of exiled Soviet revolutionary Leon Trotsky by NKVD agent Frank Jacson in Mexico City in 1940. It stars Richard Burton as Trotsky and Alain Delon as Jacson, along with Romy Schneider, Valentina Cortese, and Jean Desailly.

The film was an Italian, French, and British co-production. It was released by Cinerama Releasing Corporation on April 20, 1972. It received generally negative reviews from critics.

Dan Callahan
Dan Earl Callahan (born July 11, 1938) is an American former professional football player who was a guard with the New York Titans of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Wooster Fighting Scots and the Akron Zips.
Parleys Canyon
Parleys Canyon is a canyon located in the U.S. state of Utah. The canyon provides the route of Interstate 80 (I-80) (and previously the Lincoln Highway, U.S. Route 40, and a railroad) up the western slope of the Wasatch Mountains and is a relatively wide, straight canyon other than near its mouth.  The mountain pass at the top of the canyon is known as Parleys Summit. With an elevation of 7,120 feet (2,170 m), the pass is the highest point along I-80 in the state of Utah. Both features are named for Parley P. Pratt, an early settler of the Salt Lake Valley and leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who surveyed the area to find a better transportation route through the Wasatch Mountains than the previous route which traversed Emigration Canyon.

U.S. Route 40 in Utah
The west end of U.S. Route 40 (US-40) is in the U.S. state of Utah at Silver Creek Junction in Silver Summit (about 20.7 miles (33.3 km) east of Salt Lake City) with Interstate 80. From there it heads southeast through Heber City and east into Colorado on its way to the Mid-Atlantic.
West Bowling A.R.L.F.C.
West Bowling are an amateur rugby league club in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, which competes in the NCRL National Premier League and play home games at Horsfall Stadium.

The club runs teams from U5s (Nippers) up to open age, with the second team competing in the Yorkshire Men's League.

Former West Bowling players who have played at international level include Leon Pryce, Stuart Reardon and Elliot Whitehead. BARLA representatives include Steven Illingworth, Lee Innes and Nigel Halmshaw. Other representative or honours include Gareth Shephard for Lancashire.

In recent times players such as Ethan Ryan, Elliot Minchella, Daniel Halmshaw, Jake Trueman, Matty Storton, Rowan Milnes, Lewis Reed, Harry Williams & Joe Lumb have gone on to represent Bradford Bulls, Hunslet R.L.F.C. & Keighley Cougars respectively.

Hunslet R.L.F.C.
Hunslet R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at South Leeds Stadium and compete in Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

The club was formed as a Phoenix club after the original Hunslet club folded.
Distinguished Service Medal (Ireland)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) (Irish: An Bonn Seirbhíse Dearscna) is a military decoration issued by the Irish Government, created to recognize individual acts of courage, leadership, resourcefulness, or devotion to duty by a member of the Irish Defence Forces.

Recipients are entitled to use of the post-nominals BSD, the Irish abbreviation of the medal's name.

The Distinguished Service Medal is the second-highest military honour presented by the Republic of Ireland, second only to the Military Medal for Gallantry (An Bonn Míleata Calmachta). Unlike the Military Medal for Gallantry, the Distinguished Service Medal can be awarded either for meritorious actions, or for an act of heroism.

Military Medal for Gallantry
The Military Medal For Gallantry (MMG) (Irish: An Bonn Míleata Calmachta or BMC) is a military decoration awarded by the Government of Ireland. The medal has been awarded in three grades since its inception in 1944 and, as of 2025, has a total of eight recipients.

Those awarded the medal are entitled to use of the post-nomimals "BMC", the Irish abbreviation of the medal's name.

Presented for acts of exceptional bravery or gallantry by a member of the Irish Defence Forces, the Military Medal for Gallantry is the highest military honour presented by the Republic of Ireland.
Santa Eulalia, Huehuetenango
Santa Eulalia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ewˈlalia], also known as Jolom Konobʼ in Qʼanjobʼal) is a municipality located in the north-east of the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala, Central America. This town is rich in culture and traditions. The majority of people here speak the Q'anjob'al language.

Santa Eulalia is situated in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes at 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level. 
The annual celebrations in honor of the town's patron saint, Saint Eulalia takes place from 8 February and culminates in its main celebration day the 12th.

Huehuetenango
Huehuetenango ([weweteˈnaŋɡo]) is a city and municipality in the highlands of western Guatemala. It is also the capital of the department of Huehuetenango. The city is situated 269 kilometres (167 mi) from Guatemala City, and is the last departmental capital on the Pan-American Highway before the Mexican border at La Mesilla. Its primary export is coffee.
Manuguru–CSMT Kolhapur Express
Manuguru  - Shri Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Terminus Kolhapur Express was an express train of the Indian Railways connecting Shri Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Terminus in Maharashtra and Manuguru of Telangana. It was permanently cancelled now.

There is a consideration to terminate this train at either Miraj Jn or Belgaum.

Passengers demand termination at Miraj as Manuguru express is the only train connecting Western Maharashtra with Hyderabad

Jangaon railway station
Jangaon railway station (station code: ZN) is a fifth grade non-suburban (NSG–3) category Indian railway station in Secunderabad railway division of South Central Railway zone. It is located in Jadcherla of the Indian state of Telangana. It lies on the Nagpur–Hyderabad line of the zone. It was selected as one of the 21 stations to be developed under Amrit Bharat Stations scheme.

It was constructed by Nizam's State Railway in 1879. This railway line connects Hyderabad with Warangal, and was later extended to Bezawada. Falaknuma–Jangaon MEMU is a Hyderabad suburban train service starts from this station.

Jangaon railway platform

Nizam Railway Map
Titanium(II) iodide
Titanium(II) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula TiI2.  It is a black micaceous solid.  It adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral Ti(II) centers.  It arises via the reaction of the elements:

Ti + I2  →  TiI2

As such, it is  an implied intermediate in the van Arkel–de Boer process for the purification of titanium metal.

Cadmium iodide
Cadmium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdI2.  It is a white hygroscopic solid.  It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate. It has few applications. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX2 with strong polarization effects.