hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom McClintock
Thomas Miller McClintock II  (born July 10, 1956) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for California's 5th congressional district since 2009 (known as the 4th congressional district until 2023). His district stretches from the Sacramento suburbs to the outer suburbs of Fresno; it includes Yosemite National Park. A member of the Republican Party, McClintock served as a California state assemblyman from 1982 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2000, when he became a California state senator, a position he held until 2008. He unsuccessfully ran for governor of California in the 2003 recall election and for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2006 election.

California's 7th congressional district
California's 7th congressional district is a United States congressional district in California. Doris Matsui, a Democrat, has represented the district since January 2023.

Currently, it encompasses southern Sacramento County, part of Yolo County, and a tiny portion of Solano County. It includes all of Sacramento south of the American River, including Downtown Sacramento, and its suburbs of West Sacramento, Elk Grove, and Galt. It is a heavily Democratic district. Prior to redistricting in 2021, it was entirely in Sacramento County and included the eastern and southern suburbs of Sacramento.
Denys family
The surname Denys was borne by at least three prominent mediaeval families seated in Gloucestershire, Somerset and Devon in southwest England between 1166 and 1641. It is not known if any relationship existed between these families. The surname Denys is just one of many variant spellings of the name: Denise, Le Deneis, Le Danies, le Deneys, and most recently Dennis, are some of the others.

The family of Denys was apparently of Danish origin, and was recorded in early Norman charters in French as le Deneys, meaning "The Dane", which was frequently Latinised by scribes as Dacus, being the adjectival form of Dacia, the mediaeval Latin for Denmark, thus "Danish".

Feudal land tenure in England
Under the English feudal system several different forms of land tenure existed, each effectively a contract with differing rights and duties attached thereto. Such tenures could be either free-hold if they were hereditable or perpetual or non-free if they terminated on the tenant's death or at an earlier specified period.
Pentavika
Pentavika is a cove that is located at the northern side of Storsteinhalvøya in Gustav V Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The cove is located west of Westmanbukta, at the western entrance of Franklinsundet.

Nordaustlandet
Nordaustlandet (Anglicised as North East Land) is the second-largest island in the archipelago of Svalbard, Norway, with an area of 14,443 square kilometres (5,576 sq mi). It lies north east of Spitsbergen, separated by Hinlopen Strait. Much of Nordaustlandet lies under large ice caps, mainly Austfonna and Vestfonna, the remaining parts of the north being tundra inhabited by reindeer and walruses. The island is uninhabited and lies entirely within Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve.
Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's 1000 metre sprint was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Its distance was the second shortest of the individual event distances. Each nation could enter up to 12 cyclists.

Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, seven track cycling events were contested, all for men only.  The weather was poor, with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion.  The track was 660 yards (600 m) long (being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium's athletics track); some events (the 660 yards and the team pursuit) used full laps of the track; the others used metric distances.
North-Eastern District (South Australian Legislative Council)
North-Eastern District was an electoral district for the Legislative Council of South Australia from 1882 until 1912. It was then renamed to Midland District and continued until 1975 when the separate districts were abolished and the state elects members to the Legislative Council as a single district since that time.

At its creation, the North-Eastern District elected six of the 24 members of the Legislative Council. Following the 1902 reduction in the size of the parliament, it elected 4 of 18 (20 after 1915) members. Its initial extent was the House of Assembly districts of Yatala, Gumeracha, Barossa, Wooroora, Light and Burra.

The Midland district included the Assembly districts of Barossa, Wooroora and Wallaroo thus including Yorke Peninsula (which had been in the Northern District) but giving up the Burra area.

Electoral district of Yatala
Yatala is a former electorate of the South Australian House of Assembly located within the cadastral Hundred of Yatala. It was one of the original Assembly districts in 1857, abolished in 1902.

Yatala was also the name of an electoral district of the unicameral South Australian Legislative Council from 1851 until its abolition in 1857, William Giles, then Arthur Blyth being the members.

Rural at the time, most parts of the district would now be considered metropolitan.
1902 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1902 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 16th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Nils were the defending champions.

Lees won the championship following a 0–10 to 1–01 defeat of Kanturk in the final at Cork Park. This was their fourth title overall and their first title since 1896.

1887 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.

On 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0–04 to 0–01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.
East Barnet War Memorial
East Barnet War Memorial is a memorial to the dead of the First and Second World Wars from East Barnet, London. It was unveiled on 27 June 1920 and originally stood on the crossroads of East Barnet Road and Church Hill Road, but was later moved a short distance so that it now stands in front of the Brookside Methodist Church.

East Barnet
East Barnet is an area of north London within the London Borough of Barnet bordered by New Barnet, Cockfosters and Southgate. It is 10 miles (16 km) north of Charing Cross.  It is a largely residential suburb whose central area contains shops, public houses, restaurants and services, and the parish church of St Mary the Virgin. East Barnet is close to the M25 and the A1 and M1.
Siege of Isfahan
The siege of Isfahan (Persian: سقوط اصفهان) was a six-month-long siege of Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, by the Hotaki-led Afghan army. It lasted from March to October 1722 and resulted in the city's fall and the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty.

Mirwais Hotak
Mirwais Khan Hotak (c. 1673 – November 1715) was an Afghan ruler from the Hotak sub-tribe of the Ghilji tribe of Pashtuns of Kandahar, Afghanistan, and the short-lived founder of the Hotak dynasty.

In 1709, after overthrowing and assassinating George XI of Kartil, the Safavid Persian governor, Hotak declared independence of the Loy Kandahar region, now southern Afghanistan. Hotak is widely known as Mirwais Nikə (ميرويس نيکه) or Mirwais Baba (ميرويس بابا)—"Mirwais the Grandfather" in Pashto.
1964 Tripoli Fair Tournament
The 1964 Tripoli Fair Tournament was the 3rd edition of football at the Tripoli International Fair, and was held from 8 to 17 March 1964 in Tripoli, Libya. Five teams participated: Lebanon, Libya, Morocco B, Sudan B, and Malta B. Lebanon won the tournament, making it the only title won by the Lebanese national team to-date.

Tripoli Fair Tournament
The Tripoli Fair Tournament (Arabic: دورة معرض طرابلس الدولي) was a regular men's football sporting event at the Tripoli International Fair since the 1962 edition. It has been held eight times; annually between 1962 and 1967, in 1974, and in 1978.
Utaka
Utaka is a term used for multiple open water-dwelling cichlid species that are found in Lake Malawi, the most diverse source of cichlids in the world of aquaria.  Among others, they comprise all the members of the genera Copadichromis and Mchenga.  "Utaka" apparently occupy the opposite of the niches used by the mbuna, the more common type of Malawi cichlid that dwells among rocks along the lake's fringes and bottom.

Unlike mbuna, which are generally colorful from birth, utaka tend to be very neutral in color -- mostly greys -- until they reach adulthood, because their free-swimming nature leaves them more vulnerable to predation. They are highly sexually dimorphic: the females of this informal group tend to remain bland in coloration, while the males often become spectacularly colorful, leading to common names like "peacock cichlid."

Aulonocara
Aulonocara is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. All Aulonocara species are maternal mouth brooders. Particularly in the aquarium hobby, Aulonocara species are also known as peacock cichlids, aulonocaras or simply "peacocks". This genus is strongly sexually dichromic, even by haplochromine standards.

As aquarium fish, they are best kept with other medium-sized nonaggressive cichlids from Lake Malawi. All peacock cichlids are known to be less aggressive than their Mbuna counterparts, and thrive in warmer waters that have a slightly basic pH.
Ptaszkowice
Ptaszkowice [ptaʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zapolice, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Zapolice, 8 km (5 mi) south of Zduńska Wola, and 46 km (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zapolice, Zduńska Wola County
Zapolice [zapɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zapolice. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zduńska Wola and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Water supply and sanitation in Chile
Water supply and sanitation in Chile were once considered efficient and equitable but in 2022 Chile struggled to reliably provide water throughout the country due to drought. Chile's water resources have been strained by the Chilean water crisis, which was partially caused by a continuing megadrought that began in 2010, along with an increased demand for agricultural and other commercial interests.

Chile began rationing water in April 2022. Chile's water and sanitation sector distinguishes itself in a few key ways. First, all urban water companies are privately owned or operated (the only exception is SMAPA), and water was defined as a private commodity in the 1980 Constitution of Chile. Second, the Chilean government instituted a subsidy for water costs in 1990 for citizens located in impoverished regions. Third, Chile became the first Latin American Country to achieve 100% of its population using basic water sanitation in 2016.

CORFO
The Production Development Corporation (CORFO, from Spanish: Corporación de Fomento de la Producción de Chile) is a Chilean governmental organization that was founded in 1939 by President Pedro Aguirre Cerda to promote economic growth in Chile.

Originally, CORFO was responsible for the creation of basic industries during the Presidential Republic Era, namely oil, power, steel, sugar, transportation among many others (see Economy of Chile).

CORFO oversees a variety of programs aimed at generating the economic development of Chile, through the promotion of inward investment and the advocacy of competitiveness for domestic companies. CORFO’s main areas are Quality and Productivity, Innovation and Investment Promotion.
Patriarchal clan system
In ancient China, the patriarchal clan system (Chinese: 宗法; pinyin: zōngfǎ; lit. 'clan law') of the Zhou cultural sphere was a primary means of group relations and power stratification prior to the Western Zhou and through the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. This method of social organisation underlay and prefigured the political workings of the Zhou state. The patriarchal system was based on blood relations, with firstborn succession at its core, and played a role in maintaining the Western Zhou political hierarchy and stabilizing social order. Together with the ritual and music system it is seen as having been the foundation of Zhou society.

Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (Chinese: 西周; pinyin: Xīzhōu; c. 1046 – 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 771 BC when Quanrong pastoralists sacked the Zhou capital at Haojing and killed King You of Zhou. The "Western" label for the period refers to the location of the Zhou royal capitals, which were clustered in the Wei River valley near present-day Xi'an.

The early Zhou state was ascendant for about 75 years; thereafter, it gradually lost power. The former lands of the Shang were divided into hereditary fiefs that became increasingly independent of the Zhou king over time. The Zhou court was driven out of the Wei River valley in 771 BC: this marked the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period, wherein political power was wielded in actuality by the king's nominal vassals.
Vicenza Cathedral
Vicenza Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di Santa Maria Annunziata, Duomo di Vicenza) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Vicenza, Veneto, northern Italy. It is the seat of the Bishop of Vicenza, and is dedicated to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary.

Saint Cajetan
Gaetano dei Conti di Thiene CR (6 October 1480 – 7 August 1547), known in English as Saint Cajetan (/ˈkædʒətən/ KAJ-ə-tən), was an Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer, co-founder of the Theatines. He is recognised as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is 7 August.
Wucheng Township, Jiangxi
Wucheng Township (simplified Chinese: 吴城乡; traditional Chinese: 吳城鄉; pinyin: Wúchéng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Zhangshu, Jiangxi, China, where the Xiushui River enters Lake Poyang. As of 2018, it has one residential community, 15 villages, and one experimental forest-area neighborhood under its administration.

Zhangshu
Zhangshu (simplified Chinese: 樟树; traditional Chinese: 樟樹; pinyin: Zhāngshù), formerly Qingjiang County (Tsingkiang) (清江县), is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yichun, in the west-central part of Jiangxi Province. It has an area of 1,291 km2 (498 sq mi) with a population of 536,500. It is the first county of China Top 100 County in Jiangxi Province. The literal translation of the name is Camphor laurel, because traditionally, the city was a major commercial hub for camphor laurel oil. Zhangshu is  famous for Chinese medicinal herbs. The China top 10 medicine producer Renhe Group is located there. Officially, it is the Medicine Capital of China, and there are thousands of pharmaceutical companies. Hundreds of thousands of kinds of Chinese herbal medicines are sold by bulk or by retail.
Cascade Community Federal Credit Union
Cascade Community Federal Credit Union is a credit union in Roseburg, Oregon. On December 31, 2002, the credit union was established through the merger of Dougco Schools Federal Credit Union and Western Cascade Federal Credit Union.

Roseburg, Oregon
Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon. It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon. Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census, making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5. Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg is the home of Roseburg Forest Products, which now spans across 5 different states and 2 countries.
FIDE Grand Prix 2012–13
The FIDE Grand Prix 2012–13 was a series of six chess tournaments that formed part of the qualification cycle for the World Chess Championship 2014. Veselin Topalov finished first, and Shakhriyar Mamedyarov second in the overall standings. Both therefore qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2014.

FIDE Grand Prix
The FIDE Grand Prix is a biennial series of chess tournaments, organized by FIDE and its commercial partner Agon. Each series consists of three to six chess tournaments, which used to form part of the qualification cycle for the World Chess Championship. The top two finishers of the Grand Prix get entry to the Candidates Tournament.
Lyndhurst pastoral station
The Lyndhurst pastoral station in Lyndhurst, North Queensland was originally referred to as “the Lyndhurst run” and often referred to as Lyndhurst Station. It was established in approximately 1863 by Mr Barnes and John Fulford. The property bred prize-winning Hereford cattle and has an important place in Australia's early history. The Station still operates as a cattle station today under the management of the Welcome Downs Cattle Co.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).
2013 Cyprus Women's Cup squads
This article lists the squads for the 2013 Cyprus Women's Cup, the 6th edition of the Cyprus Women's Cup. The cup consisted of a series of friendly games, and was held in Cyprus from 3 to 14 March 2013. The twelve national teams involved in the tournament registered a squad of 23 players.

The age listed for each player is on 3 March 2013, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. A flag is included for coaches that are of a different nationality than their own national team.

Cyprus Women's Cup
The Cyprus Women's Cup was a global invitational tournament for national teams in women's football. It was held annually in Cyprus since 2008 until the introduction of the UEFA Women's Nations League in 2023. Although the competition takes place in Cyprus, the hosts never took part in the competition.

It was played in late February or early March, at the same time as the Algarve Cup, the Arnold Clark Cup, the Cup of Nations, the Istria Cup, the Pinatar Cup, the SheBelieves Cup, the Tournoi de France, the Turkish Women's Cup and the Women's Revelations Cup.
Langevin dynamics
In physics, Langevin dynamics is an approach to the mathematical modeling of the dynamics of molecular systems using the Langevin equation. It was originally developed by French physicist Paul Langevin. The approach is characterized by the use of simplified models while accounting for omitted degrees of freedom by the use of stochastic differential equations. Langevin dynamics simulations are a kind of Monte Carlo simulation.

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the molar gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann constant has dimensions of energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy and heat capacity. It is named after the Austrian scientist Ludwig Boltzmann.

As part of the 2019 revision of the SI, the Boltzmann constant is one of the seven "defining constants" that have been defined so as to have exact finite decimal values in SI units. They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin.
What About?
What About? is a solo percussion album by drummer Andrew Cyrille, his first recording under his own name. It was recorded in Paris in August 1969, and released on the BYG Actuel label later that year.

The album was recorded as part of a marathon week-long BYG session which also produced albums by artists such as Archie Shepp (Yasmina, a Black Woman, Poem for Malcolm, and Blasé), the Art Ensemble Of Chicago (Message to Our Folks and Reese and the Smooth Ones), Grachan Moncur III (New Africa), Jimmy Lyons (Other Afternoons), Dave Burrell (Echo), Alan Silva (Luna Surface), and Sunny Murray (Homage to Africa and Sunshine).

Reese and the Smooth Ones
Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.
Richard Goldschmidt
Richard Benedict Goldschmidt (April 12, 1878 – April 24, 1958) was a German geneticist. He is considered the first to attempt to integrate genetics, development, and evolution.  He pioneered understanding of reaction norms, genetic assimilation, dynamical genetics, sex determination, and heterochrony. Controversially, Goldschmidt advanced a model of macroevolution through macromutations popularly known as the "Hopeful Monster" hypothesis.

Goldschmidt also described the nervous system of the nematode, a piece of work that influenced Sydney Brenner to study the "wiring diagram" of Caenorhabditis elegans, winning Brenner and his colleagues the Nobel Prize in 2002.

Gradualism
Gradualism, from the Latin gradus ("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps. Uniformitarianism, incrementalism, and reformism are similar concepts.

Gradualism can also refer to desired, controlled change in society, institutions, or policies. For example, social democrats and democratic socialists see the socialist society as achieved through gradualism.
Surinam Airways
Surinam Airways (Dutch: Surinaamse Luchtvaart Maatschappij), also known by its initials SLM, is the flag carrier of Suriname, based in the capital city Paramaribo. It operates regional and long-haul scheduled passenger services. Its hub is at Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport (Zanderij). Surinam Airways is wholly owned by the Government of Suriname.

Douglas DC-6
The Douglas DC-6 is a piston-powered airliner and cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1946 to 1958. Originally intended as a military transport near the end of World War II, Douglas reworked it after the war to compete with the Lockheed Constellation in the long-range commercial transport market. Douglas built over 700, and many still fly in cargo, military, and wildfire control roles.

The DC-6 was known as the C-118 Liftmaster in United States Air Force service and as the R6D in United States Navy service before 1962, after which all U.S. Navy variants were also designated as the C-118.