hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season
The 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season was the first ever season of semi-professional rugby football, which formed the foundation of the modern-day sport of rugby league. Twenty-two Northern English teams from both sides of the Pennines broke away from the Rugby Football Union to create and compete in their own competition.

The inaugural Championship ran from September 1895 until April 1896. The Northern Union's first season would prove so popular that the following season saw the addition of several more clubs, and the tournament was split into two separate county competitions.

Rugby Football Union
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby (WR) in 1886. It promotes and runs the sport, organises international matches for the England national team, and educates and trains players and officials.

The RFU is an industrial and provident society owned by over 2,000 member clubs, representing over 2.5 million registered players, and forms the largest rugby union society in the world, and one of the largest sports organisations in England. It is based at Twickenham Stadium, London.

In September 2010 the equivalent women's rugby body, the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW), was able to nominate a member to the RFU Council to represent women's and girls' rugby. The RFUW was integrated into the RFU in July 2012.
Structural rule
In the logical discipline of proof theory, a structural rule is an inference rule of a sequent calculus that does not refer to any logical connective but instead operates on the sequents directly. Structural rules often mimic the intended meta-theoretic properties of the logic. Logics that deny one or more of the structural rules are classified as substructural logics.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Pseudohercostomus
Pseudohercostomus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is distributed in the Oriental and Afrotropical realms as well as Chile.

Historically, the genus has generally been placed in the subfamily Dolichopodinae. In 2005, based on a cladistic analysis of the subfamily, Scott E. Brooks excluded Pseudohercostomus from the Dolichopodinae. The systematic position of the genus is still unclear, though a possible relationship with the New World genus Keirosoma has been suggested.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
Indiana State Fair stage collapse
The Indiana State Fair stage collapse was an incident during an August 13, 2011, outdoor concert by Sugarland as part of their Incredible Machine Tour at the Indiana State Fair in which a wind gust from an approaching severe thunderstorm hit the stage's temporary roof structure, causing it to collapse. The structure landed among a crowd of spectators, killing seven people and injuring fifty-eight others.

The members of Sugarland were in a tour bus preparing to come on stage when the collapse occurred at 8:46 p.m. Opening act Sara Bareilles had completed her performance prior to the incident.

Indiana State Fair
The Indiana State Fair is an annual state fair that spans 15 days in August in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. The Indiana State Fair debuted in 1852 at Military Park in Indianapolis and is the sixth oldest state fair in the U.S. It is the largest event in the state, drawing between 730,000 and 980,000 visitors annually since 2010. In 2015, readers of USA Today ranked the Indiana State Fair among the ten best state fairs in the country.

The Indiana State Fairgrounds & Event Center has been the host site of the fair since 1892. Located about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of downtown Indianapolis, it encompasses 214 acres (87 ha), 72 buildings, a 6,000-seat grandstand, and a 1-mile (1.6 km) racetrack. The complex is home to year-round tenants and is used throughout the year for a variety of other gatherings, including trade shows, sporting events, and concerts.
Miss Colombia 2015
Miss Colombia 2015 was the 63rd edition of the Miss Colombia pageant. It was held on November 16, 2015 in Cartagena, Colombia.

At the end of the event, Ariadna Gutiérrez of Sucre crowned Andrea Tovar of Chocó as Miss Colombia 2016, winning the crown for the department of Chocó for the second time after 14 years. She represented Colombia in Miss Universe 2016 and placed 2nd Runner-Up.

Miss Colombia
Miss Colombia (Formally Concurso Nacional de Belleza de Colombia, English: "National Beauty Contest of Colombia") is the national beauty pageant organization in Colombia.

The current Miss Colombia is María Antonia Mosquera of Valle del Cauca, who was crowned on 17 November 2025.
Battle of Aa
The battle of Aa (Swedish: Slaget vid Aa; Russian: Битва на Аа) occurred on 2 August 1656 during the early stages of the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. Swedish forces under command Generalmajor Streiff faced 1,200–3,500 Russian troops under stolnik Semyon Izmailov. It is impossible to establish how the battle ended, because the attitudes of both sides contradict each other.

Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
Count Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie (15 October 1622 – 26 April 1686) was a  Swedish statesman and military man. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1647 and came to be the holder of three of the five offices counted as the Great Officers of the Realm, namely Lord High Treasurer, Lord High Chancellor and Lord High Steward. He also served as Governor-General in the Swedish dominion of Livonia.
Crowcroft
Crowcroft is a small hamlet just outside Leigh Sinton, in the civil parish of Leigh, in the Malvern Hills district, in the county of Worcestershire, England. The main industry for the area is fruit growing, particularly for local cider and perry businesses. Crowcroft has been the site of a traditional annual bonfire for many years.

Leigh, Worcestershire
Leigh is a village and civil parish in the Malvern Hills district of Worcestershire, England. The local pronunciation is that the name rhymes with "lie". The village is 4 miles (6 km) west of Worcester and 5 miles (8 km) north of Malvern. As well as the small village of Leigh itself, the parish also includes the larger village of Leigh Sinton, which is in the south of the parish on the A4103, the main road linking Worcester and Hereford. The parish also covers surrounding rural areas and has a number of small hamlets, including Brockamin and Smith End Green. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,589. It shares a grouped parish council with the neighbouring parish of Bransford.
A (Pretty Little Liars)
"A" is a fictional character in the Pretty Little Liars franchise. Created by author Sara Shepard in 2006, the character serves as the main antagonist in both the television and book series. "A" has also appeared in the web series Pretty Dirty Secrets (2012).

Working as an anonymous figure, "A" is a stalker who blackmails, manipulates and tortures the main characters of the franchise. In the novel and television series, "A" has been revealed as multiple characters.

Pretty Little Liars season 3
The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012, on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes.

On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes.
MC Pikachu
Matheus Sampaio Correa (born September 23, 1999), better known by his stage name MC Pikachu, is a Brazilian rapper. Named after the Pokémon, MC Pikachu was born in the Suzano neighborhood, located in the East Zone of São Paulo, and joined the funk ousadia career in 2014, at age 15, through his participation in the music video for his cousin, MC Bin Laden. The singer had his first taste of fame with the single "Feliz Natal," featuring MC Bin Laden and MC 2K.

MC Pikachu caused controversy because of the explicitly pornographic lyrics in some songs, most notably in the song "Tava na Rua", where he also made references to illicit drugs, because the singer was underage, getting to be prevented from doing shows.

MC Binn
Jefferson Cristian dos Santos de Lima (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʒɛfeʁsõ ˈkɾistʃi.ɐ̃ dus ˈsɐ̃tuz ˈlimɐ]; born November 1, 1993), better known as MC Binn (pronounced [emiˈsi ˈbĩ]) and previously as MC Bin Laden, is a Brazilian singer and composer of funk ostentação.
Miswak
The miswak is a teeth-cleaning twig made from the Salvadora persica tree. The miswak's properties have been described as follows: "Apart from their antibacterial activity which may help control the formation and activity of dental plaque, they can be used effectively as a natural toothbrush for teeth cleaning. Such sticks are effective, inexpensive, common, available, and contain many medical properties".

The miswak or siwak is predominantly used in Muslim-inhabited areas. It is commonly used in the Arabian Peninsula, the Horn of Africa, North Africa, parts of the Sahel, the Indian subcontinent, and Central Asia.

The oral hygiene practice using herbal sticks exists in many parts of the world since ancient time: ancient India, ancient Greece (mentioned by Alciphron), ancient Rome, ancient Israel (mentioned in Talmud), Eastern Asia (mentioned in the Gospel of Buddhism), etc.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
Libya–Pakistan relations
The Libya–Pakistan relations are the international and bilateral relations between Libya and Pakistan. The relations remain friendly and bonded throughout its history as both countries share similar religious identities, and cultural links, particularly their Islamic heritage.
The bilateral relations were established in the 1950s when King Idris agreed to provide financial aid to the then-impoverished Pakistan.

Pakistanis in Libya
In the 1970s there were more than 150,000 Pakistanis in Libya, primarily migrant workers. However, by 2009, that number had declined to just 10,000. The decline in numbers has been attributed to Pakistani government inaction in attempting to increase manpower exports. In May 2009, president of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari visited Libya with the aim of increasing manpower exports, and proposed several measures including starting direct flights between the two countries and opening a joint Pakistani-Libyan bank to facilitate remittances. As of 2023, only 6,000 Pakistanis are in Libya.

There is a Pakistan Community School in the Libyan capital of Tripoli The school was established (in 1974) by the efforts of Pakistani community and Pakistan Embassy Tripoli .
2013 Women's European Volleyball League
The 2013 Women's European Volleyball League was the fifth edition of the annual Women's European Volleyball League, which featured women's national volleyball teams from eight European countries. A preliminary league round was played from June 13 to July 6, and the final four tournament, which was held in Bulgaria on July 11–12, 2013.

For this years edition, the first four sets were played over 21 points.

Germany defeated Belgium 3–2 in the final.

Women's European Volleyball League
The Women's European Volleyball League is a continental volleyball competition for senior women's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). Created in 2009, the competition served as a qualifying tournament for the FIVB World Grand Prix (until 2016) and its successor the FIVB Challenger Cup since 2018.

This event should not be confused with the other, more prestigious, continental competition for European national volleyball teams, the European Volleyball Championship.
Bustop, Inc. v. Los Angeles Bd. of Ed.
Bustop, Inc. v. Los Angeles Bd. of Ed. was the name shared by two separate challenges to the desegregation plan in Los Angeles, California, ruled on in 1977 and 1978.  The plaintiff, Bustop, Inc., sued the Los Angeles Board of Education over its policy of desegregation busing of students in order to fulfill the desegregation ordered by the California Supreme Court.  The plaintiff argued that the school district had ignored, "the federal rights of its citizens to be free from racial quotas and to be free from extensive pupil transportation that destroys fundamental rights of liberty and privacy."  The District argued that it had acted in accordance with its court-ordered and approved plan to desegregate the district.  In the 1977 case the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff. However, in the 1978 case, the court ruled in favor of the Board of Education.

Racial integration
Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.
Thomas William Woodhead
Thomas William Woodhead (1863–1940) was an English plant ecologist born in Holmfirth. He was an early proponent of ecology, who helped the growth of plant ecology as a discipline in England, and later became Professor of Biology at Huddersfield Technical College. He was also a pioneer of pollen analysis.

He was appointed the Soppitt Librarian by the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union after the death of Henry Thomas Soppitt in 1899 and was later the first director of the Tolson Museum, being responsible for the design and mission of the museum. He was the only British representative at the Fourth International Botanical Congress held in 1926.

Henry Thomas Soppitt
Henry Thomas Soppitt (21 June 1858 in Bradford, Yorkshire – 1 April 1899 in Halifax, Yorkshire) was an English mycologist, plant pathologist, botanist and former greengrocer turned drysalter. He was a close collaborator with Charles Crossland, James Needham, and George Massee and was the first person to show a heteroecious lifecycle in a Puccinia species. Soppitt was a foundational member of the British Mycological Society.
Terry Wilson (footballer, born 1969)
Terry Wilson (born 8 February 1969) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He played at centre midfield and centre back. He played 178 first team games for Brian Clough's Nottingham Forest collecting four winners medals from finals at Wembley Stadium. He was a two time PFA Young Player of the Year nominee and played in two FA Cup semi final defeats. His senior playing career ended the month before his 24th birthday due to knee injury. He has remained in football as a professional coach.

1988–89 Full Members' Cup
The 1988–89 Full Members' Cup, known as the Simod Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the fourth edition of the tournament created to compensate for the ban on English clubs from European football following the Heysel Stadium disaster. It was won by Nottingham Forest, who beat Everton 4–3 in the final at Wembley.

Liverpool, Arsenal, Manchester United and Tottenham opted out of this competition.
St. Antony's Public School
St Antonys Public School, Kanjirappally (SAPS) is a co-educational school located at Anakkal in Kanjirappally, Kottayam district, Kerala, India. It is owned and managed by the Catholic parish of St. Antony in Anakkal, in the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally. A Christian minority institution, SAPS is affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi.

Eparchy of Kanjirappally
The Eparchy of Kanjirappally is a Syro-Malabar Catholic eparchy with an area of 1980 km2 comprising the Kanjirappally taluk in Kottayam district and a few villages of the neighbouring taluks in Kottayam district, northern Pathanamthitta district, and parts of Idukki district of central Kerala in South India.

The Eparchy of Kanjirappally-Nilackal was erected by Pope Paul VI with the bull "Nos Beati Petri Successores" in February 1977, which separated the eastern part of the Archeparchy of Changanassery and erected the new eparchy of Kanjirapally-Nilackal, as a suffragan of the same Archeparchy. Jose Pulickal is the current bishop, serving since January 2020. Mathew Arackal is the bishop emeritus of the eparchy, who served from 2001 to 2020.
Mary Matha Minor seminary is the heart of kanjirapally diocese.
West Lynn, Norfolk
West Lynn is a suburb of King's Lynn in Norfolk, England, situated on the west bank of the River Great Ouse. It is linked to the main part of the town, on the east bank, either by a passenger ferry or via a more circuitous 4 kilometres (2 mi) road journey.

West Lynn was an ancient parish, and until 1935 it was outside the borough boundaries of King's Lynn. From 1894 it was the sole parish in King's Lynn Rural District. In 1931 the parish had a population of 931. The parish was abolished on 1 April 1935. The more built-up part, including the old West Lynn village, became part of the borough of King's Lynn. The rest of the former parish was transferred to Clenchwarton in Marshland Rural District.  It is in the South and West Lynn Ward of King's Lynn and West Norfolk Council.

West Lynn has a primary school and a range of basic services.

West Lynn Primary School received a "good" rating from Ofsted in 2019.

Clenchwarton
Clenchwarton is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the English county of Norfolk.

Clenchwarton is located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west of King's Lynn, separated by the River Great Ouse, and 41 miles (66 km) west of Norwich.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Dutch: Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken; BZ) is the Netherlands' ministry responsible for foreign relations, foreign policy, international development, international trade, diaspora and matters dealing with the European Union, NATO and the Benelux Union. The ministry was created in 1798, as the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Batavian Republic. In 1876, it became the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs is the head of the ministry and a member of the cabinet of the Netherlands, the incumbent minister is Sjoerd Sjoerdsma. The minister without portfolio on the ministry is Sjoerd Sjoerdsma, who is responsible for foreign trade and development aid.

Foreign relations of the Netherlands
The foreign policy of the Netherlands is based on four basic commitments: to the Atlantic cooperation, to European integration, to international development and to international law. While historically the Kingdom of the Netherlands was a neutral state, since 1945 it has become a member of NATO, the United Nations, the European Union and many other international organizations. The Dutch economy is very open and relies on international trade. During and after the 17th century—its Golden Age—the Dutch built up a commercial and colonial empire. It was a leading shipping and naval power and was often at war with England, its main rival. Its main colonial holding was Indonesia, which fought for and achieved independence after 1945. The historical ties inherited from its colonial past still influence the foreign relations of the Netherlands.  Foreign trade policy is handled by the European Union.  The Dutch have been active in international peacekeeping roles.
Lagyna railway station
Lagyna railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Λαγυνά, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Lagyna) is a railway station that serves the village of Lagyna, Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Located close to the village centre, the station was (when) by the Chemins de fer Orientaux, (now part of OSE). Today Hellenic Train operates just 4 daily Regional trains to Alexandroupoli and Ormenio. The station is unstaffed however there are waiting rooms available. Didymoteicho is one of the northernmost operational railway stations in Greece.

Rail replacement bus service
A rail replacement bus service replaces a passenger train service on a temporary or permanent basis. The train service that is replaced may be of any type such as light rail, tram, streetcar, commuter rail, regional rail or heavy rail inter-city passenger service. The railway service may be replaced if the line is closed because of rail maintenance, a breakdown of a train, a rail accident or a strike action; it may simply provide additional capacity or if the railway service is deemed not economically viable.

Terms for a rail replacement bus service include  bustitution (a portmanteau of the words "bus" and "substitution", or bustitute) and bus bridge. Substitution of rail services by buses can be unpopular and subject to criticism, so the term bustitution is often used pejoratively.