hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Daniel Wild
John Daniel Wild (April 10, 1902 – October 23, 1972) was a twentieth-century American philosopher.  Wild began his philosophical career as an empiricist and realist but became an important proponent of existentialism and phenomenology in the United States.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Hebridean terrane
The Hebridean terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt. The basement is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex, unconformably overlain by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments, which in turn are unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro–Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
Falling cat problem
The falling cat problem is a problem that consists of explaining the underlying physics behind the observation of the cat righting reflex.

Although amusing and trivial to pose, the solution of the problem is not as straightforward as its statement would suggest. The apparent contradiction with the law of conservation of angular momentum is resolved because the cat is not a rigid body, but instead is permitted to change its shape during the fall owing to the cat's flexible backbone and non-functional collar-bone. The behavior of the cat is thus typical of the mechanics of deformable bodies.

Several explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon since the late 19th century:

Cats rely on conservation of angular momentum.

The rotation angle of the front body is larger than that of the rear body.

The dynamics of the falling cat have been explained using the Udwadia–Kalaba equation.

Udwadia–Kalaba formulation
In classical mechanics, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation is a method for deriving the equations of motion of a constrained mechanical system. The method was first described by  Anatolii Fedorovich Vereshchagin for the particular case of robotic arms, and later generalized to all mechanical systems by Firdaus E. Udwadia and Robert E. Kalaba in 1992. The approach is based on Gauss's principle of least constraint. The Udwadia–Kalaba method applies to both holonomic constraints and nonholonomic constraints, as long as they are linear with respect to the accelerations. The method generalizes to constraint forces that do not obey D'Alembert's principle.
Ornithinimicrobium
Ornithinimicrobium is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family Ornithinimicrobiaceae. The genus was formerly in the family Intrasporangiaceae, but later genomic data caused it to be reclassified in 2018.

Intrasporangiaceae
Intrasporangiaceae is an actinomycete family. The family is named after the type genus Intrasporangium. The type species of Intrasporangium (I. calvum) was originally thought to form endospores; however, the mycelium of this strain may bear intercalary vesicles that were originally identified as spores. No members of Intrasporangiaceae are known to form spores.
Amesiella philippinensis
Amesiella philippinensis is a species of orchid endemic to the Island of Luzon in the Philippines. Like Vanda falcata it was mistaken as an Angraecum species, due to the white, long-spurred flowers. The plant produces rounded leaces up to 5 cm in length. Three or four white, fragrant flowers of 3 cm in width are produced on short inflorescences. The labellum is yellow in the throat. It occurs at lower altitudes than Amesiella monticola and has a shorter spur.

Amesiella monticola
Amesiella monticola is a miniature species of epiphytic orchid native to the Philippines. The specific epithet "monticola" refers to the montaneous habitat of the species. Monticola is a combination of "mons" or "montis", meaning mountain and "cola" or "colere" meaning "inhabitant" or "dweller".
Marko Kešelj
Marko Kešelj (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Кешељ, born 2 January 1988) is a Serbian politician and retired professional basketball player serving as the state secretary in the Ministry of Sports since 4 November 2022. He previously served as a member of the National Assembly from 1 August 2022 until his resignation on 10 November 2022.

He is also a presidency member of Crvena zvezda. He represented the Serbia national team in the international competitions. He is a 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in) tall small forward.

KK Mega Basket
Košarkaški klub Mega Basket (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Мега Баскет), currently referred to as Mega Superbet for sponsorship reasons, is a men's professional basketball club based in Belgrade, Serbia. The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association.

In addition to Belgrade, the club also played its home games in Kruševac (2012–13 season), Smederevo (2013–14 season), and Sremska Mitrovica (2014–2019). The club participates in the Serbian League (KLS) and the ABA League.
Zambia Rugby Football Union
The Zambia Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Zambia. They also govern rugby sevens in Zambia. It is a member of the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) and a member of the International Rugby Board. It administers the Zambia national rugby union team.
Zambia Sevens has qualified for 2 Commonwealth games - the 2018 event in the Gold coast and the 2022 event in Birmingham.

The 7s side finished 4th at the 2022 Africa 7s, losing out by a try to Kenya in the Bronze final.

Rugby Africa
Rugby Africa is the administrative body for rugby union within the continent of Africa under the authority of World Rugby, which is the world governing body of rugby union. As of 2018, Rugby Africa has 37 member nations and runs several rugby tournaments for national teams, including the Africa Cup which is the main 15-a-side competition for African national teams.

Rugby Africa was founded in 1986 as the Confederation of African Rugby (CAR) to promote, develop, organise and administer the game of rugby in Africa. It was renamed Rugby Africa in December 2014.

The President of Rugby Africa is the Herbert Mensah from Ghana.
Confederation of Public Employees' Unions
The Confederation of Public Employees' Trade Unions (Turkish: Kamu Emekçileri Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, KESK) is one of the four major national trade union centers in Turkey. It was formed in 1995.

KESK is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, and the European Trade Union Confederation.

European Trade Union Confederation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is the major trade union organisation representing workers at the European level. In its role as a European social partner, the ETUC works both in a consulting role with the European Commission and negotiates agreements and work programmes with European employers. It coordinates the national and sectoral policies of its affiliates on social and economic matters, particularly in the framework of the EU institutional processes, including European economic governance and the European Semester.
Miyota, Nagano
Miyota (御代田町, Miyota-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the town had an estimated population of 15,562 in 6897 households, and a population density of 260 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 58.79 square kilometres (22.70 sq mi).

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
World's Strongest Viking
World's Strongest Viking is a leading international Strongman competition organized by Strongman Champions League. It was held as a winter edition from 2014 to 2023, and as a summer edition from 2023 onwards, both with participation of top strongman athletes in the world. At the end of each edition, the winner is conferred with the title 'World's Strongest Viking'.

Giants Live
Giants Live is a professional strongman tour which was originated in the United Kingdom. It hosts several prominent competitions each year, including national competitions such as Britain's Strongest Man, international competitions such as Europe's Strongest Man and single-lift competitions such as The World Deadlift Championships and The World Log Lift Championships. Since its beginning in 2009, each Giants Live show has served as a qualifier for the next year's World's Strongest Man, with the podium finishers from each show earning a spot in the competition.

With 10 wins, Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson holds the most Giants Live wins in history. Evan Singleton and Žydrūnas Savickas share second place with 6 wins each.
Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania
The Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, (Romanian: Institutul Naţional pentru Studierea Holocaustului din România „Elie Wiesel”) is a public institution established by the Romanian government on August 7, 2005, and officially opened on October 9 of the same year, which is Romania's National Day of Commemorating the Holocaust.

The institute is named after the Romanian-born Jewish Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel, who chaired the Wiesel Commission which reported on Romania's involvement in the Holocaust to the Romanian government in 2004, and which recommended that such an institute be established. The institute is responsible for researching Romania's role in the Holocaust, and gathering, archiving and publishing documents relating to this event.

The institute is currently headed by Mihail E. Ionescu and falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture of Romania.

Government of Romania
The Government of Romania (Romanian: Guvernul României) forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, various subordinate institutions and agencies, and the 42 prefectures. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace in Bucharest.

The Government is the public authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensuring the achievement of the country's domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of public administration. The Government is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by the Parliament of Romania.
Yolmo people
The Yolmo or Hyolmo (Tibetic: ཡོལ་མོ་) are a people mainly from the Eastern and Northern Himalayan Regions of Nepal called Helambu.
They refer to themselves as the "Yolmowa" or "Yolmopa" and are native residents of the Helambu valleys (situated over 43.4 kilometres/27 miles and 44.1 kilometres/27.4 miles to the north of Kathmandu respectively) and the surrounding regions of Northeastern Nepal. The combined population in these regions is around 11,000. They also have sizeable communities in Bhutan, Darjeeling, Sikkim and some regions of South-Western Tibet. They are among the 59 indigenous groups officially recognized by the Government of Nepal as having a distinct cultural identity and are also listed as one of the 645 Scheduled Tribes of India.

The Yolmo people speak the Yolmo language of the Kyirong branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Accordingly, it has a high lexical similarity to Tibetan, although the two languages are not completely mutually intelligible.

Lamjung District
Lamjung District (Nepali: लमजुङ जिल्ला [ˈlʌmd͡zuŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Besisahar as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 167,724.  lies in the mid-hills of Nepal spanning tropical to trans-Himalayan geo-ecological belts, including the geographical midpoint of the country (i.e., Duipipal). It has mixed habitation of castes and ethnicities. It is host to probably the highest density of the Gurung ethnic population in the country.

Popular Media in Lamjung Includes Mero Lamjung, Radio Chautari, Aantaranga Saptahik, Radio Marsyangdi,Radio Lamjung, etc.
Abelardo Fernández
Abelardo Fernández Antuña (Spanish pronunciation: [aβeˈlaɾðo feɾˈnandeθ anˈtuɲa]; born 19 April 1970), known simply as Abelardo as a player, is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central defender, currently a manager.

A player with good heading and marking ability, he was also known for a distinctive bald head, a style which he adopted from a relatively young age. During his career he was almost exclusively associated with Sporting de Gijón and Barcelona, having amassed La Liga totals of 385 matches and 24 goals over 14 seasons, and also managed the former club for three years.

Having won more than 50 caps for Spain in one full decade, Abelardo represented the nation in two World Cups and as many European Championships.

Football at the 1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympics Football Tournament competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics featured 16 national sides from the six continental confederations. The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at Camp Nou on 8 August 1992.

For the first time, an age limit has been set for participants under the age of 23 (Under-23), which has been used ever since.

Spain became the first host country to win the gold medal in an Olympic football tournament since Belgium in 1920, an achievement which would not be repeated until Brazil won it in 2016.

Notably, these were the first matches played with football's new back-pass rule and was the last Olympic football competition which was open to men only before the introduction of a women's tournament four years later.
Andrey Chernyshov
Andrey Alekseyevich Chernyshov (Russian: Андрей Алексеевич Чернышов; born 7 January 1968) is a Russian professional football coach and former player. He is currently head coach of Super League Kerala club Thrissur Magic.

2021 Durand Cup
The 2021 Durand Cup was the 130th edition of Durand Cup, the oldest football tournament in Asia. Like its previous edition, the tournament was hosted in West Bengal. The tournament is jointly hosted by the Eastern Command of the Indian Armed Forces and the Government of West Bengal.

The Durand Cup was cancelled in 2020 due to worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and was reorganised in 2021 after a year gap. Gokulam Kerala were the defending champions, having defeated Mohun Bagan in the 2019 final.

Mohammedan made their first Durand Cup final appearance since 2013 against FC Goa. The match went into the extra time with no goal from either side. Goan captain Edu Bedia's 105th minute solitary goal sealed Goa's victory against Mohammedan. Goa became the fourth Goan team to win the Durand Cup after Salgaocar, Dempo and Churchill Brothers.
Kanazawa Samuraiz
Kanazawa Samuraiz (Japanese: 金沢武士団, romanized: Kanazawa Samuraizu) is a professional basketball club based in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The club plays in the third division of the B.League, which is the 3rd tier of basketball in the country.

B.League
The B.League is a men's professional basketball league in Japan. The league is operated by the Japan Professional Basketball League and was formed as a result of a merger between the National Basketball League that was operated by the FIBA-affiliated Japan Basketball Association and the independently operated bj league. The merger had been mandated by FIBA as a condition to Japan having its membership resumed following suspension in November 2014. The league began play in September 2016.
Louise Mountbatten
Louise Alexandra Marie Irene Mountbatten (born Princess Louise of Battenberg; later Lady Louise Mountbatten; 13 July 1889 – 7 March 1965) was Queen of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until her death in 1965 as the wife of King Gustaf VI Adolf. Born a princess of the German House of Battenberg, Louise was closely related to the ruling families of Britain, as a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria and of Russia, as a niece of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia. She was also an older sister to Lord Mountbatten and aunt to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. During the First World War, Louise served as a nurse in the Red Cross. She married the widowed Gustaf Adolf in 1923 and assumed the role of Sweden's first lady but did not become queen until his accession in 1950. Louise was noted for her eccentricity and progressive views.

British War Medal
The British War Medal is a campaign medal of the United Kingdom which was awarded to officers and men and women of British and Imperial forces for service in the First World War. Two versions of the medal were produced. About 6.5 million were struck in silver and 110,000 in bronze, the latter awarded to, among others, the Chinese, Maltese and Indian Labour Corps.
Betty Careless
Betty Careless or Betsy Careless (c. 1704–1739, or potentially d. 1752) was a notorious English prostitute and bagnio-owner. Probably born Elizabeth Carless (though she later used the name Mrs. Elizabeth Biddulph), she adapted her name to better suit her profession. Her name, beauty and reputation made her, like Sally Salisbury before her, something of an archetypal courtesan for the popular culture of the day.

Sally Salisbury
Sarah Pridden (c. 1692 – 1724), commonly known as Sally Salisbury, was a celebrated prostitute in early 18th-century London. She was the lover of many notable members of society, and socialised with many others.

In 1722 she stabbed and wounded a client, the politician John Finch, who was a son of Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham and Anne Finch, Countess of Nottingham. She was found guilty of assault, but not guilty of attempted murder. Salisbury was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. She was sent to Newgate Prison to serve her sentence but died in prison after only nine months.
Oleg Fatun
Oleg Nikolayevich Fatun (Russian: Олег Николаевич Фатун; born 11 November 1959) is a Russian former track and field sprinter. He won bronze medals in the 4×100 metres relay at the Goodwill Games in 1990 and 1994. He also represented Russia at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics and 1994 European Athletics Championships, as well as having represented the Soviet Union at the 1990 European Athletics Championships.

Along with his teammates, he set the Russian records in the 4×100 metres relay, 4×200 metres relay and indoor 4×200 metres relay which are still unbeaten (as of 2015).

4 × 200 metres relay
The 4 × 200 metres relay is an athletics track event in which teams comprise four runners who each complete 200 metres or half a lap on a standard 400 metre track. The event is a world record eligible event, but is not a standard event at most professional or collegiate track meets, mainly being found at the high school level, though certain leagues regularly conduct this event as part of their program.
Hlynur Bæringsson
Hlynur Elías Bæringsson (born 6 July 1982) is an Icelandic former basketball player. During his career, he won the Icelandic championship twice, in 2010 as a member of Snæfell and in 2025 with Stjarnan. In 2011 he won the Swedish championship as a member of Sundsvall Dragons.

Hlynur was a key player with the Icelandic national team when it made its first appearance in EuroBasket in 2015 and again in 2017. He is one of eight players who have played at least 120 games for the team.

A prolific rebounder, he led the Úrvalsdeild karla in rebounds twice and the Basketligan once. In 2019, he became the Úrvalsdeild karla all-time career rebounding leader.

Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup
The Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup (Icelandic: Bikarkeppni KKÍ), also known as VÍS bikarinn for sponsorship reasons, is an annual professional basketball competition between clubs in Iceland. It is Iceland's first-tier cup competition, and is not to be confused with Iceland's former second-tier cup competition, the Company Cup.
Confidence-building measures
Confidence-building measures (CBMs) or confidence- and security-building measures (CSBMs) are actions taken to reduce fear of attack by both (or more) parties in a situation of conflict. The term is most often used in the context of armed conflict, but is similar in logic to that of trust and interpersonal communication used to reduce conflictual situations among human individuals.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.