hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air-launch-to-orbit
Air-launch-to-orbit (ALTO) is the method of launching smaller rockets at altitude from a heavier conventional horizontal-takeoff aircraft, to carry satellites to low Earth orbit. It is a follow-on development of air launches of experimental aircraft that began in the late 1940s. This method, when employed for orbital payload insertion, presents significant advantages over conventional vertical rocket launches, particularly because of the reduced mass, thrust, cost of the rocket, geographical factors, and natural disasters.

Air launching has also been developed for sub-orbital spaceflight. In 2004 the Ansari X Prize $10 Million purse was won by a team led by Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites, launching the SpaceShipOne from the purpose-built White Knight carrier aircraft.

The first air-launch-to-space (not to orbit) was a test launch of the ASM-135 ASAT antisatellite rocket, the first commercial air-launch-to-orbit took place on 5 April 1990 with a Northrop Grumman Pegasus.

NOTS-EV-1 Pilot
The NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, better known as NOTSNIK (pronounced notsnik a play on "sputnik") was an expendable launch system and anti-satellite weapon developed by the United States Navy's United States Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS). NOTSNIK began as an in-house project using available NOTS funds. The Advanced Research Projects Agency later supplied some funds for the program. The program involved creating transistorized sensors to detect nuclear explosions from the Operation Argus tests. Ten were launched during July and August 1958, all of which failed. It was the first air-launched rocket to be used for an orbital launch attempt; however, none was recorded as having reached orbit. Following the third orbital launch attempt a NOTS engineer at the tracking station in Christchurch, New Zealand reported receiving a weak signal from the spacecraft; This was never confirmed, and the launches were not catalogued as having reached orbit. The Pilot rocket was part of Project Pilot.
Kaarma Parish
Kaarma Parish was a municipality of Saare County, Estonia next to Kuressaare.  In 2014, it was merged with the municipalities of Kärla and Lümanda to become the Lääne-Saare municipality.

The municipality had a population of 4,608 (as of 1 January 2012) and covered an area of 400 km2. It had 87 km of land border and 98 km of waterline.

Islands in Kaarma Parish: Abruka, Kasselaid, Linnusitamaa, Vahase, Väike-Tulpe.

Kuressaare
Kuressaare (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkureˈsˑɑːre]) is a city on the island Saaremaa in Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Municipality and the seat of Saare County. Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia. The recorded population on 1 January 2024 was 13,185.

The city is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa, facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, and is served by the Kuressaare Airport, Roomassaare harbour, and Kuressaare yacht harbour.
Abel Bazán
Abel Bazán (23 December 1833 – 24 October 1903) was an Argentine politician and jurist born in La Rioja, Argentina, who studied law at the National University of Córdoba and was titled Doctor of Jurisprudence.

Bazán became a politician in La Rioja Province, serving as minister of government under the governorship of Colonel Domingo Antonio Villafañe, then in the Argentine Senate from 1864 until 1880 and as provincial deputy in the constituent convention of 1898.

As a judge, Bazán was most prominent. He worked in Santa Fe Province and Córdoba. In 1890, he was appointed to the supreme court by President of Argentina Miguel Juárez Celman. In 1903, shortly before dying at age 69, president Julio Argentino Roca appointed him  President of the Supreme Court.

Miguel Ángel Juárez
Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman (September 29, 1844 – April 14, 1909) was the President of Argentina from 1886 until his resignation in 1890.

His career was defined by the influence of his kinsman, Julio Argentino Roca, who propelled him into a legislative career. He was a staunch promoter of separation of church and state and an aristocratic liberal.

As president of Argentina, he promoted public works but was not capable of maintaining economic stability and had to contend with the powerful opposition of the Civic Union Party, and its leader Leandro N. Alem. After the Revolución del Parque, although he defeated the uprising, he was forced to resign and retired from political life.
Metropolitan, California
40°30′53″N 124°08′41″W﻿ / ﻿40.51472°N 124.14472°W﻿ / 40.51472; -124.14472

Metropolitan is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California. It is located on McDairmid Prairie, on the north side of the Eel River floodplain three miles downstream of Scotia, at an elevation of 72 feet (22 m).

Scotia, California
Scotia, formerly known as Forestville until 1888, is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, California. It is located on the Eel River along U.S. Route 101, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southeast of Fortuna and 244 miles (393 km) north of San Francisco. Scotia has a population of 681 (2020 census).

Scotia was a company town founded by the Pacific Lumber Company (PALCO) to house workers for the lumber industry. The town was entirely owned by PALCO until 2008, following the corporation's declaration of bankruptcy. While it is home to hundreds of past and present lumber mill employees and their dependents, a process is underway to divide the homes into lots for sale.
Zohrab the Hostage
Zohrab the Hostage is an 1832 adventure novel by the British traveller and writer James Justinian Morier. Morier had travelled extensively across Persia and enjoyed popular success with his 1824 novel Hajji Baba and its sequel The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England. It was published in three volumes by Richard Bentley.

The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan
The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan is a satirical Oriental novel in English. It was written in 1824 by James Justinian Morier, a former British envoy who lived in Qajar Iran in 1808–1809 and 1810–1814, amidst the diplomatic difficulties that the country had with European nations. It was followed by a sequel The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England in 1828.

With a distinctly negative and satirical undertone, Morier based this novel on his own experiences and personal understanding of Iran.
Shipka Valley
Shipka Valley (Shipchenska Dolina \'ship-chen-ska do-li-'na\) valley extending 2.4 km (1.5 mi) and 700 m (2,300 ft) wide in Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The valley descends from Shipka Saddle between the north slopes of Lyaskovets Peak and Levski Peak, and holds a tributary glacier which joins Huron Glacier east of Aheloy Nunatak.

It was first crossed by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia  on 17 December 2004, and takes its name from the adjacent Shipka Saddle.

Aheloy Nunatak
Aheloy Nunatak (Bulgarian: Ахелойски Нунатак, romanized: Aheloyski Nunatak, IPA: [ɐxɛˈɫɔjski ˈnunɐtɐk]) is a rocky 390m peak in the  upper Huron Glacier in Livingston Island.  The peak forms the northeast extremity of a minor ridge which also features Erma Knoll and Lozen Nunatak, and is linked to Zograf Peak by Lozen Saddle.  The peak was first visited on 31 December 2004 by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia, and was mapped in the Bulgarian Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey.  The peak was named after the Black Sea town of Aheloy, Bulgaria.
Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Joy buzzer
A  joy buzzer (also called a  hand buzzer) is a practical joke device that consists of a coiled mainspring inside a disc worn in the palm of the hand. When the wearer shakes hands with another person, a button on the disc releases the spring, which rapidly unwinds creating a vibration that mimics an electric shock to the unsuspecting victim.
Capitol Theatre (New Zealand)
The Capitol Theatre, also known as the Capitol Cinema, is a historic cinema in New Zealand. Situated on Dominion Road in Mount Eden, Auckland, the Capitol Theatre is registered as a category 2 building with Heritage New Zealand.

Mount Eden
Mount Eden is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand whose name honours George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland. It is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the Central Business District (CBD). Mt Eden Road winds its way around the side of Mount Eden Domain and continues to weave back and forth as it descends into the valley; it runs south from Eden Terrace to Three Kings. Mt Eden village centre is located roughly between Valley Road and Grange Road. The domain is accessible on foot from many of the surrounding streets, and by vehicle from Mt Eden Road. The central focus of the suburb is Maungawhau / Mount Eden, a dormant volcano whose summit is the highest natural point on the Auckland isthmus.
City of Newcastle upon Tyne Act 2000
The City of Newcastle upon Tyne Act 2000 (c. viii) is an act to confer powers on the Council of the City of Newcastle upon Tyne for the better control of street trading in the city of Newcastle; for the registration of door supervisors and second-hand goods dealers in the city; for controlling the distribution of free literature in the city; and for other purposes.

Newcastle City Council
Newcastle City Council is the local authority for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. Newcastle has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. In 2024 the council became a member of the North East Combined Authority. The council is based at Newcastle Civic Centre.

The council has been under no overall control since November 2024, being run by a minority Labour administration.
1997 Sybase Open
The 1997 Sybase Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the San Jose Arena in San Jose, California in the United States and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour. It was the 109th edition of the tournament ran from February 10 through February 16, 1997. First-seeded Pete Sampras won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

1997 ATP Tour
The 1997 ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP that year. The ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP Tour World Championships, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
Piekary, Pajęczno County
Piekary [pjɛˈkarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulmierzyce, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) west of Sulmierzyce, 13 km (8 mi) east of Pajęczno, and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Sulmierzyce, Łódź Voivodeship
Sulmierzyce [sulmjɛˈʐɨt͡sɛ] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sulmierzyce. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) east of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Eastern Morocco Zenati
Eastern Morocco Zenati dialects are a group of Berber dialects spoken in Morocco from Jerada Province to Berkane Province.

They belong to the Zenati dialectal group and are closely related to the main Riffian dialects, as well as to the Ait Snous dialect, spoken beside the border in Algeria.

Eastern Morocco Zenati is spoken among the Berber tribes of Beni Bouzegou, Mgeder, Beni Ya'la, Zkara, Bekhata, Haddiyin, Meharez, At Iznasen, and Rwaba'.

Formerly, these dialects were also spoken in the area between Debdou and Taourirt (to the west of their current speaking area) by the tribes of Beni Koulal, Oulad Mahdi and Beni Chebel; these tribes are currently mainly Arabic-speakers.

Beni Snous dialect
Beni Snous berber or At Snous berber (native name: Tmaziɣt)  is a Berber variety close to Zenati languages spoken near Tlemcen in Algeria.

In the early 20th century, Beni Snous Berber was spoken in the villages of Kef, Tghalimet, Bou Hallou, Ait Larbi, Ait Achir, Adziddaz, and Mazzer; all speakers were bilingual in the Arabic language.  The Beni Snous had no trouble conversing with their Berber-speaking neighbours among the Beni Bou Said just to the west, and (with some difficulty) could communicate in Berber with people from Figuig, Beni Iznacen, beside the border in Morocco.  However, they found Tashelhiyt (in southern Morocco) and Kabyle (in central Algeria) almost unintelligible.

Today, only a few elderly people in the region still speak Berber. Most of the Beni Snous have shifted to Arabic, retaining only a few words from their ancestral language, such as tabɣa "blackberries" or azduz "pestle".
Honda-kai
The Honda-kai (本多会) were a Japanese yakuza gang active in Kobe in the middle of the 20th century.

The Honda-kai was a "bakuto" gang, mainly devoted to illegal gambling.  After World War II, they formed an alliance with the Yamaguchi-gumi syndicate, then growing under the leadership of Kazuo Taoka.  But the power-sharing arrangement was unsuitable to Taoka, and the Honda-kai were soon absorbed into the Yamaguchi-gumi's ranks and ceased to be an independent operation.

It is believed that an American Yamaguchi-gumi syndicate began utilizing the Honda-kai (本多会) name in the mid-2000s.

Kazuo Taoka
Kazuo Taoka (田岡 一雄, Taoka Kazuo; March 28, 1913 – July 23, 1981) was one of the most prominent yakuza godfathers.

Known as the "Godfather of Godfathers" and "The Japanese Godfather", Taoka was third kumicho of the Yamaguchi-gumi, Japan's largest yakuza organization, from 1946 to 1981.
East Deck Motel Family Resort
The East Deck Motel, formerly in Ditch Plains, Suffolk County, New York in the US, was a resort establishment from 1954 to 2016. Spanning five acres of beachfront property, the motel offered an array of amenities to ensure guests access to a beach vacation experience. The options ranged from a swim in the state-of-the-art pool, to barbecue gatherings, morning yoga sessions, or simply indulging in the Montauk sunshine on the beach. The East Deck's location, one mile east of the village of Montauk and the Montauk Harbor, allowed for access to attractions such as the Montauk Downs State Park Golf Course, town restaurants and nightlife. The East Deck had a dependable jetty break, ideal for surfing or fishing. Situated on Ditch Plain beach, the location offers a view of one of the South Fork's most frequented surfing destinations. Fishing tours were available in Montauk Harbor nearby.

Montauk Downs State Park
Montauk Downs State Park is a state park in Montauk, New York, United States.  The park is located in Suffolk County near the eastern tip of Long Island's South Fork, about one mile (1.6 km) east of the hamlet of Montauk.  Montauk Downs State Park includes an 18-hole championship golf course, driving range, tennis courts, swimming pool, and restaurant facilities.
Diego Peláez (bishop)
Diego Peláez was an eleventh-century bishop of Santiago de Compostela and a prominent figure in the Galician ecclesiastical nobility. He contributed to the growth of the diocese and its territories during the Middle Ages.

Henry, Count of Portugal
Henry of Burgundy (Portuguese: Henrique de Borgonha, French: Henri de Bourgogne; c. 1066 – 22 May 1112), Count of Portugal, was the first member of the Capetian House of Burgundy to rule Portugal and the father of the country's first king, Afonso Henriques.
Signs and symptoms of cancer
Cancer symptoms are changes in the body caused by the presence of cancer. They are usually caused by the effect of a cancer on the part of the body where it is growing, although the disease can cause more general symptoms such as weight loss or tiredness. There are more than 100 different types of cancer with a wide range of signs and symptoms which can manifest in different ways.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Miss Colombia 2007
Miss Colombia 2007, the 73rd Miss Colombia pageant, was held in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on November 12, 2007. The pageant was broadcast live on RCN TV from the Centro de Convenciones Cartagena de Indias in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Miss Colombia 2006 Eileen Roca Torralvo of Cesar crowned Taliana Vargas of Magdalena as the new Señorita Colombia. Vargas would later placed 1st Runner-Up at the 2008 Miss Universe pageant.

Miss Colombia 2006
Miss Colombia 2006, the 72nd Miss Colombia pageant, was held in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on November 12, 2006.  The winner of the pageant was Eileen Roca Torralvo, Miss Cesar.

The pageant was broadcast live on RCN TV from the Centro de Convenciones Cartagena de Indias in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Valerie Dominguez Tarud crowned Eileen Roca Torralvo of Cesar as the new Miss Colombia.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a species in the fungal genus Trichophyton, and the type species of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex . It is one of three common fungi which cause ringworm in companion animals. It is also the second-most commonly isolated fungus causing tinea infections in humans, and the most common or one of the most common fungi that cause zoonotic skin disease. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is frequently isolated from dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs and other rodents, though at least some genetic variants possess the potential of human-to-human transmission, e.g. Type VII and Type VIII. As of 2024 it is an emerging STD in men who have sex with men and in sex workers of all genders.

Trichophyton
Trichophyton is a genus of fungus, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar  infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia. Macroconidia are mostly borne laterally directly on the hyphae or on short pedicels, and are thin- or thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, and range from 4 to 8 by 8 to 50 μm in size. Macroconidia are few or absent in many species. Microconidia are spherical, pyriform to clavate or of irregular shape, and range from 2 to 3 by 2 to 4 μm in size.
USS Pirate (AM-275)
USS Pirate (AM-275) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the North Atlantic Ocean and then in the Pacific Ocean. She was returned to active service for the Korean War. During Operation Wonsan she struck a mine and sunk. For her dangerous work, she was awarded four battle stars for her Korean War effort.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
National Open University of Nigeria
The National Open University of Nigeria is a public university in Abuja, Nigeria.

National Open University of Nigeria carries out research in several scientific areas. The university main  campus is located at FCT - Abuja , it is also the first of its kind in the West African sub-region

Victoria Island, Lagos
Victoria Island (VI) is an affluent area that encompasses a former island of the same name neighbouring Lagos Island, Ikoyi and the Lekki Peninsula by the Lagos Lagoon. It is the main business and financial centre of Lagos State, Nigeria.

The island is one of the most exclusive and expensive areas to reside in Lagos. The town and island lie within the boundaries of the Eti-Osa Local Government Area (LGA). It is named after Queen Victoria.
1967 Six Hour Le Mans
The 1967 Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for Sports Cars and Touring Cars. The event, which attracted 38 starters, was staged at the Caversham Airfield circuit in Western Australia on 5 June 1967. It was the thirteenth Six Hour Le Mans race.

The race was won by Jeff Dunkerton and Doug Mould driving a Morris Cooper S.

Six Hour Le Mans
The Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for sports cars and touring cars held annually in Western Australia, Australia from 1955 to 1972.

Initially run at the Caversham Airfield circuit, the event was moved, along with all other WA circuit racing, to the then new Wanneroo Raceway in 1969.
Berlin glass amphora from Olbia
The Berlin glass amphora from Olbia (German: Berliner Glasamphora aus Olbia) is a Hellenistic glass vessel in the shape of an amphora, which is now kept in the Antikensammlung Berlin. Presumably the glass amphora was commissioned by a rich citizen of the city of Olbia, where it was later found, in the second half of the second century. The uniquely shaped vessel was donated to the collection, with some other glass vessels, by Friedrich Ludwig von Gans in 1912 and is now displayed in the Altes Museum with the inventory number 30219, 254. It is, to date, the largest known piece of its kind - and one of the best preserved.

Antikensammlung Berlin
The Antikensammlung Berlin (Berlin antiquities collection) is one of the most important collections of classical art in the world, now held in the Altes Museum and Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. It contains thousands of ancient archaeological artefacts from the ancient Greek, Roman, Etruscan and Cypriot civilizations. Its main attraction is the Pergamon Altar and Greek and Roman architectural elements from Priene, Magnesia, Baalbek and Falerii. In addition, the collection includes a large number of ancient sculptures, vases, terracottas, bronzes, sarcophagi, engraved gems and metalwork.
Ungjin Commandery
The Ungjin Commandery was an administrative division of the Chinese Tang dynasty that existed between 660 and 671 on the Korean Peninsula. It was created in place of Baekje in present-day Chungcheong Province after its defeat by a joint Silla-Tang alliance, but was destroyed only a few years after due to a counterattack by Silla and remnant Baekje forces. The Tang dynasty moved the now nonexistent Ungjin Commandery into the Protectorate General to Pacify the East. Those political organizations renamed the newly conquered areas under the Jimi system.

Buyeo County
Buyeo County (Korean: 부여군; RR: Buyeo-gun) is a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Buyeo-eup, the county's capital, was the site of the capital of Baekje from 538-660 AD, during which it was called Sabi.

Famous people associated with Buyeo County in more recent times include noted stem-cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk.