hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lombard effect
The Lombard effect or Lombard reflex is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in loud noise to enhance the audibility of their voice. This change includes not only loudness but also other acoustic features such as pitch, rate, and duration of syllables. This compensation effect maintains the auditory signal-to-noise ratio of the speaker's spoken words.

The effect links to the needs of effective communication, as there is a reduced effect when words are repeated or lists are read where communication intelligibility is not important. Since the effect is involuntary it is used as a means to detect malingering in those simulating hearing loss. Research on birds and monkeys find that the effect also occurs in the vocalizations of animals.

The effect was discovered in 1909 by Étienne Lombard, a French otolaryngologist.

Japanese quail
The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), also known as the coturnix quail, is a species of Old World quail found in East Asia.  First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it is now considered as a separate species. The Japanese quail has played an active role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century, and continues to play major roles in industry and scientific research. Where it is found, the species is abundant across most of its range. Currently, there are a few true breeding mutations of the Japanese quail. The varieties currently found in the United States include Pharaoh, Italian, Manchurian, Tibetan, Rosetta, along with the following mutations: sex-linked brown, fee, roux, silver, andalusian, blue/blau, white winged pied, progressive pied, albino, calico, sparkly, as well as non-color mutations such as celadon.
Georges Cravenne
Georges Cravenne (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) kʁavɛn]; 24 January 1914 – 10 January 2009), real name Joseph-Raoul Cohen, was a French film producer, publicity agent and founder of the César Award. He received an Honorary César in 2000.

Honorary César
The César Award is France's national film award. Recipients are selected by the members of the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma. The following are the recipients of the Honorary César award since its inception in 1976.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Currituck County, North Carolina
This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Currituck County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Currituck County, North Carolina
Currituck County (/ˈkʊrɪtʌk/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the northeasternmost county in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,100. Its county seat is Currituck. The county was formed in 1668 as a precinct of Albemarle County and later gained county status in 1739. The name is "traditionally said to be an indigenous word for wild geese; Coratank." Currituck County is included in the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area. It is in the northeastern section of the state and is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Currituck Sound, Camden County, Dare County and the Commonwealth of Virginia. Currituck Court House, mentioned as early as 1755, was the name of the county seat. Today the words "Court House" have been dropped and only Currituck is used as the community name.
Data Authentication Algorithm
The Data Authentication Algorithm (DAA) is a former U.S. government standard for producing cryptographic message authentication codes. DAA is defined in FIPS PUB 113, which was withdrawn on September 1, 2008. The algorithm is not considered secure by today's standards.
According to the standard, a code produced by the DAA is called a Data Authentication Code (DAC).  The algorithm chain encrypts the data, with the last cipher block truncated and used as the DAC.

The DAA is equivalent to ISO/IEC 9797-1 MAC algorithm 1, or CBC-MAC, with DES as the underlying cipher, truncated to between 24 and 56 bits (inclusive).

Message authentication code
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, it is used to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity). The MAC value allows verifiers (who also possess a secret key) to detect any changes to the message content.
Physical Science Study Committee
The Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC) was inaugurated at a 1956 conference at MIT to review introductory physics education and to design, implement, and monitor improvements. It produced major new physics textbooks, instructional movies, and classroom laboratory materials, which were used by high schools around the world during the 1960s and 1970s and beyond.

John N. Shive
John Northrop Shive (February 22, 1913 – June 1, 1984) was an American physicist and inventor.  He made notable contributions in electronic engineering and solid-state physics during the early days of transistor development at Bell Laboratories.  In particular, he produced experimental evidence that holes could diffuse through bulk germanium, and not just along the surface as previously thought. This paved the way from Bardeen and Brattain's point-contact transistor to Shockley's more-robust junction transistor. Shive is best known for inventing the phototransistor in 1948 (a device that combines the sensitivity to light of a photodiode and the current gain of a transistor), and for the Shive wave machine in 1959 (an educational apparatus used to illustrate wave motion).
1974 Suisse Open Gstaad
The 1974 Suisse Open Gstaad was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Gstaad, Switzerland. It was the 29th edition of the tournament and was held from 8 July through 14 July 1974. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized in Group B. Guillermo Vilas won the singles title and the accompanying $8,000 prize money.

Swiss Open (tennis)
The EFG Swiss Open Gstaad (currently sponsored by EFG International) is a tennis tournament held in Gstaad, Switzerland. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Tour schedule as an ATP Tour 250 series event. It is the eighth oldest tennis tournament in the world. Between 1971 and 1989 it was an event of the Grand Prix tennis circuit.
Lilliput and Blefuscu
Lilliput and Blefuscu are two fictional island nations that appear in the first part of the 1726 satirical prose novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. The two islands are neighbours in the South Indian Ocean, separated by a channel 800 yards (730 m) wide. Both are inhabited by tiny people who are about one-twelfth the height of ordinary human beings. Both nations are empires and the capital of Lilliput is Mildendo.

Fictional country
A fictional country is one that is invented for the purposes of a story and does not exist in real life, or one that people believe in without proof. Fictional lands appear most commonly as settings or subjects of myths, literature, film, video games or other fictional stories.
Belebey (reptile)
Belebey is an extinct genus of bolosaurid reptile containing species known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to Guadalupian (Middle Permian) stage of Europe (Russia, France) and Asia (China, Qingtoushan Formation).

Bolosauridae
Bolosauridae is an extinct family of amniotes known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to the early Guadalupian epoch (latest Roadian stage) of North America, China, Germany, Russia and France. The bolosaurids were unusual for their time period by being bipedal, the oldest known tetrapods to have been so. Their teeth suggest that they were herbivores. The bolosaurids were a rare group and died out without any known descendants.

Traditionally considered 'parareptiles', a 2025 study suggests the Bolosauridae are instead a family of basal sauropsids outside of Neoreptilia.

The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic position of the Bolosauridae, from Johannes Müller, Jin-Ling Li and Robert R. Reisz, 2008.
Donald Roebling
Donald Roebling (November 15, 1908 – August 29, 1959) was an eccentric twentieth-century American philanthropist, engineer, industrial designer, and inventor.

He was the great-grandson of John A. Roebling, who began the design of the Brooklyn Bridge, and the grandson of Colonel Washington A. Roebling and Emily Warren Roebling, who together completed the design and supervised its construction. His father was John A. Roebling II.

Washington Roebling
Washington Augustus Roebling (May 26, 1837 – July 21, 1926) was an American civil engineer who supervised the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, designed by his father John A. Roebling.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War as an officer at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Cloudy, Oklahoma
Cloudy is an unincorporated community located in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, United States. It is 12 miles northeast of Rattan. Cloudy is located at 34°18′07″N 95°16′52″W﻿ / ﻿34.30194°N 95.28111°W﻿ / 34.30194; -95.28111.

Using the Public Land Survey System in use in Oklahoma the community is located at T16-3S-R19E.

A post office called Cloudy was established in 1911, and remained in operation until 1983. The community was named after Cloudy Creek.

The earliest marked grave in the Cloudy Cemetery is dated 1898—a time when the area was a part of Cedar County, a part of the Apukshunnubbee District of the Choctaw Nation.

During the waning days of the Indian Territory, the mountains in the area were known as the Seven Devils, and hunting parties from elsewhere in the country used to take the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway to Antlers and travel to the area by horse-drawn wagon. Cloudy and its environs continue to be popular hunting and fishing areas.

Apukshunnubbee District
Apukshunnubbee District was one of three provinces, or districts, comprising the former Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory.  Also called the Second District, it encompassed the southeastern one-third of the nation.

The Apukshunnubbee District was named in honor of Chief Apukshunnubbee (also spelled Apuckshunubbee), a Choctaw warrior and statesman.  He was district chief of the Okla Falaya ("Upper Towns") District in the original Choctaw Nation of the Southeast. Many Choctaw from that area referred to the Apukshunnubbee District as the Okla Falaya District.  The other two districts were the Moshulatubbee District and Pushmataha District.: 40
Crne Lokve
Crne Lokve (Croatian:Crne Lokve) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Široki Brijeg. According to the first results of the 2013 Bosnian census, it has 163 inhabitants.

Široki Brijeg
Široki Brijeg (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and the regional capital of West Herzegovina Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town itself had a population of 6,149 and the municipality of 28,929.
Miami Nights: Singles in the City
Miami Nights: Singles in the City is a dating simulation game for the J2ME Platform, Nintendo DS and BlackBerry. It is based on the successful Gameloft Nights franchise for mobile phones which has generated more than 4 million downloads.. The game is similar to New York Nights: Success in the City which is also a part of Gameloft's Nights series.

The American cover art depicts a woman wearing a dress, whereas the European/J2ME/BlackBerry cover art depicts the same woman in a bikini. There have been complaints about the game being slow after the language selection and taking a long time to load.

Other Miami Nights games include Miami Nights: Life in the Spotlight for DSiWare (released on December 14, 2009 in North America, and in 2010 internationally). and Miami Nights 2: The City is Yours, released on August 5, 2009 for BlackBerry.

New York Nights: Success in the City
New York Nights: Success in the City is an action-adventure life simulation video game developed by Gameloft Montreal and published by Gameloft. It was released for button-operated mobile phones in 2005 and for iPhone in 2009. New York Nights is the first installment in the Nights series, and features two-dimensional (2D) graphics and is similar to The Sims series. A sequel, New York Nights 2: Friends For Life was later released for mobile phones and Android.
2012 New Orleans VooDoo season
The 2012 New Orleans VooDoo season was the sixth season for the franchise in the Arena Football League. The team was coached by Pat O'Hara and played their home games at New Orleans Arena. The VooDoo finished the regular season with a record of 8–10, qualifying for the playoffs for the first time since their inaugural season in 2004. The VooDoo however, were defeated in the conference semifinals by the Philadelphia Soul, 53–66.

Philadelphia Soul
The Philadelphia Soul was a professional arena football team based in Philadelphia that competed in the Arena Football League (AFL) from 2004 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019. The Soul made five ArenaBowl appearances, winning their first appearance (2008 against the San Jose SaberCats) and losing their next two appearances (2012 and 2013 both to the Arizona Rattlers). The Soul won in their fourth appearance, against the Rattlers in 2016, winning 56–42. They also won in their fifth appearance in 2017 against the Tampa Bay Storm, winning 44–40.

The club was established in 2004 when a group, led by Jon Bon Jovi, secured the rights to an AFL franchise in Philadelphia. The AFL folded before the proposed 2009 season was to begin, but was purchased and revived in 2010. After two seasons of inactivity in 2009 and 2010, the Soul returned in 2011 headed by Ron Jaworski. Following the 2019 season, the AFL ceased operations again.
Leshko Point
Leshko Point (Bulgarian: нос Лешко, ‘Nos Leshko’ \'nos 'le-shko\) is the point on the north side of the entrance to Beripara Cove on the southeast coast of Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

The point is named after the settlement of Leshko in Southwestern Bulgaria.

Liège Island
Liège Island (in English also Liege Island) is an island, 17 kilometres (9 nmi) long and 5.6 kilometres (3 nmi) wide, lying immediately northeast of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, and separated from Hoseason Island and Christiania Islands to the northeast by Croker Passage. Its interior is occupied by Brugmann Mountains.

Liège Island is located at 64°01′10″S 61°56′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.01944°S 61.93333°W﻿ / -64.01944; -61.93333. British mapping in 1978 and 1980.

The island was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899) under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it for the province of Liège, Belgium.
Sanjak of Nakşa Berre
The Sanjak of Nakşa Berre or Naxos (Ottoman Turkish: Sancak-i/Liva-i Nakşa Berre; Greek: λιβάς/σαντζάκι Νάξου) was a second-level Ottoman province (sanjak or liva) encompassing the central and southern Cyclades islands, and named after the two largest islands of Naxos (Turkish: Nakşa) and Paros (Tr. Berre). The sanjak encompassed the territory of the former Duchy of Naxos, which had been tributary to the Ottomans since 1537, but was not formally incorporated into the Empire until after 1579, when the last Duke, Joseph Nasi, was executed. The sanjak formed part of the Eyalet of the Archipelago at least by 1600, but is no longer attested after the late 18th century. Aside from the sanjakbey at Naxos, two other beys, at Milos and Santorini, are recorded in 1629. With the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, the islands came under Greek control.

Duchy of the Archipelago
The Duchy of the Archipelago (Greek: Δουκάτο του Αρχιπελάγους, romanized: Doukáto tou Archipelágous, Italian: Ducato dell'arcipelago, Venetian: Ducato de l'arcipelago), also known as Duchy of Naxos or Duchy of the Aegean, was a maritime state created by Venetian interests in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros. It included all the Cyclades (except Mykonos and Tinos). In 1537, it became a tributary of the Ottoman Empire, and was annexed by the Ottomans in 1579; however, Christian rule survived in islands such as Sifnos (conquered by the Ottomans in 1617) and Tinos (conquered in 1715).
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Anambra comprises three Senators representing Anambra Central, Anambra South, and Anambra North, and eleven Representatives representing   Anambra East/West, Anaocha/Njikoka/Dunukofia, Aguta, Nnewi North/South/Ekwusigo, Onitsha North/South, Awka North/South, Orumba North/South, Ihiala, Oyi/Ayamelum, Idemili North/South, and Ogbaru.

Anambra Central senatorial district
Anambra Central senatorial district in Anambra State is one of the three Senatorial Districts in the State. It has seven local government areas. They are Awka North, Awka South, Njikoka, Anaocha, Idemili North, Idemili South and Dunukofia. There are 1,556 polling units (Pus) and 109 registration areas (RAs) as of 2019. INEC office in Amawbia,  Awka South LGA is the collation centre. This Senatorial District covers the Anambra State Capital, Awka, and its environs. It also has prominent and notable people.
ZBROYARI: Manufacturing Freedom
ZBROYARI: Manufacturing Freedom is a global fundraising campaign launched by the Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine and supported by the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Its goal is to raise US$10 billion for the production of Ukrainian weapons in 2024.

Ministry of Strategic Industries
The Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство з питань стратегічних галузей промисловості, romanized: Ministerstvo z pytan stratehichnykh haluzei promyslovosti) is a former government ministry in Ukraine that existed from July 2020 to July 2025.
San Clemente Dam
The San Clemente Dam was an arch dam on the Carmel River about 15 mi (24 km) southeast of Monterey in Monterey County, California of the United States. It was located just downstream of the Carmel River and San Clemente Creek confluence. Completed in 1921 to supply water to the Monterey Peninsula, the dam was removed in November 2015 due to safety and environmental concerns.

Arch dam
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow canyons or gorges with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar (NIT Jalandhar or NITJ), formerly Regional Engineering College Jalandhar, is a public engineering university located in Jalandhar, Punjab, India established in 1987. It has been declared as an Institute of National Importance under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt of India.  It is a member of the National Institutes of Technology (NITs) system, a group of premier Indian technical institutes governed by the Council of NITSER on 2002. It was founded as a joint venture between the state and the central government, originally under the name Regional Engineering College, Jalandhar, Punjab, India (RECJ). RECJ (now NITJ) was established in 1989 by the joint venture of Govt of India and Govt of Punjab on the Land of Village Bidhipur and Village Suranussi of District Jalandhar (Punjab) on the Grand Trunk Road bye-pass.

Council of NITSER
The Council of National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (NITSER) commonly known as the Council of NITs, is the supreme governing body of India's National Institutes of Technology (NITs), Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIESTS) and Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) as per provisions under Section 30 of the National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007 (NITSER Act 2007). The Council of NITSER consists of chairman, directors of all NITs, IIEST and IISERs along with the government nominees from various sectors with the Minister of Education as the Chairman of the Council. The Council of NITSER is the highest decision making body in the NIT, IIEST and IISER fraternities and is answerable only to the Government of India. The Council of NITSER is expected to meet regularly and take steps conducive for maximum growth of the NITs, IIEST and IISERs as whole in the near future.
Infantry in the Middle Ages
Despite the rise of knightly cavalry in the 11th century, infantry played an important role throughout the Middle Ages on both the battlefield and in sieges. From the 14th century onwards, it has been argued that there was a rise in the prominence of infantry forces, sometimes referred to as an "infantry revolution", but this view is strongly contested by some military historians.

Pike (weapon)
A pike is a long thrusting spear formerly used in European warfare from the Late Middle Ages and most of the early modern period, and wielded by foot soldiers deployed in pike square formation, until it was largely replaced by bayonet-equipped muskets. The pike was particularly well known as the primary weapon of Spanish tercios, Swiss mercenaries, German Landsknecht units and French sans-culottes. A similar weapon, the sarissa, had been used in antiquity by Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx infantry.
On to Victory (song)
"On to Victory" is the recognized fight song for the University of New Hampshire, typically played by the UNH Wildcat Marching Band and UNH Pep Band. Originally titled "The Line Up", it was written by Florence V. Cole, class of 1912.

The most current version was arranged by Tom Keck, Director of Athletic Bands from 1998 to 2003. It is usually followed by "UNH Cheer." "New Hampshire Hymn" is the official fight song, but "On to Victory" is recognized due to its more traditional composition.

The song was rearranged by William Ericksen and used as the fight song for the Glastonbury High School football team in Connecticut in the 1980s.

University of New Hampshire Wildcat Marching Band
The University of New Hampshire Wildcat Marching Band (UNHWMB or WMB),  is the official marching band of the University of New Hampshire. The WMB plays at home games of the Wildcat football team, typically one away game per season, the Dover and Salem band shows, and various parades across New England.  The band has traditionally had an equal mix of music and non-music majors and claims to have an average GPA consistently above the university's average. The WMB usually marches 90 to 110 members, depending on the year. Its largest roster in the past decade was approximately 125.

In 2001, the WMB was invited to perform for Prince Rainier in Monaco as part of a nine-day tour through Italy and France.