hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artificial immune system
Artificial immune systems (AIS) are a class of rule-based machine learning systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system. The algorithms are typically modeled after the immune system's characteristics of learning and memory for problem-solving, specifically for the computational techniques in Amorphous Computation.

Central tolerance
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. Through elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, tolerance ensures that the immune system does not attack self peptides. Lymphocyte maturation (and central tolerance) occurs in primary lymphoid organs such as the bone marrow and the thymus. In mammals, B cells mature in the bone marrow and T cells mature in the thymus.

Central tolerance is not perfect, so peripheral tolerance exists as a secondary mechanism to ensure that T and B cells are not self-reactive once they leave primary lymphoid organs. Peripheral tolerance is distinct from central tolerance in that it occurs once developing immune cells exit primary lymphoid organs (the thymus and bone-marrow), prior to their export into the periphery.
Boubakar Hassan
Boubakar Hassan is a Nigerien politician and jurist who served as Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Seals from 7 April to 29 November 2021 under President Mohamed Bazoum and Prime Minister Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou.

Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou
Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou (born 1954) is a Nigerien politician of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya) who served as Prime Minister of Niger between 3 April 2021 and 26 July 2023, until he was deposed in the wake of the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

Mahamadou served as Niger's Minister of Mines, Energy, and Industry from 1991 to 1993 and as Minister of Finance from April 2011 to April 2012. He has been Director of the Cabinet of the President since 2015.
Seiser Alm
Seiser Alm (Italian: Alpe di Siusi; Ladin: Mont Sëuc) is a Dolomite plateau and the largest high-elevation Alpine meadow (German: Alm) in Europe. Located in Italy's South Tyrol province in the Dolomites mountain range, it is a major tourist attraction, notably for skiing and hiking.

Marmolada
Marmolada (Ladin: Marmolèda; German: Marmolata, pronounced [maʁmoˈlaːta] ⓘ) is a mountain in northeastern Italy  and the highest mountain of the Dolomites (a section of the Alps). It lies between the borders of Trentino and Veneto. The Marmolada is an ultra-prominent peak (Ultra), known as the "Queen of the Dolomites".  In 2009, as part of the Dolomites, the Marmolada massif was named a UNESCO World Heritage site. The largest glacier in the Dolomites, the Marmolada Glacier, is located on the northern face of the mountain.
1977–78 QMJHL season
The 1977–78 QMJHL season was the ninth season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The league inaugurates two awards, the Robert Lebel Trophy for the team with best goals against average, and the Guy Lafleur Trophy for the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. Ten teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Trois-Rivières Draveurs finished first overall in the regular season winning the Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won the President's Cup defeating the Montreal Juniors in the finals.

Guy Lafleur Trophy
The Guy Lafleur Trophy (French: Trophée Guy Lafleur) is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) playoffs.  It is named for Hockey Hall of Fame inductee and QMJHL alumnus Guy Lafleur.
Noah and the Flood (ballet)
Noah and the Flood is a ballet choreographed by George Balanchine, co-founder and balletmaster of the New York City Ballet, and Jacques d'Amboise to Stravinsky's The Flood (1962). The premiere took place June 11, 1982, at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center. The text was chosen and arranged by Robert Craft from Genesis, the Te Deum and Sanctus hymns, and the 15th century York and Chester miracle plays.

The Flood (Stravinsky)
The Flood: A musical play (1962) is a short biblical drama by Igor Stravinsky on the story of Noah and the flood, originally conceived as a work for television. It contains singing, spoken dialogue, and ballet sequences. It is in Stravinsky's late, serial style.

The work was premiered in the United States on the CBS Television Network on 14 June  1962, a production conducted by Robert Craft and choreographed by George Balanchine. Dramatic actors participating in the work included Laurence Harvey (narrator), Sebastian Cabot (Noah), and Elsa Lanchester (Noah's wife, which Lanchester played with a Cockney accent). Robert Craft also conducted the first staged performance, by the Santa Fe Opera in New Mexico in 1962, and again in Hamburg on 30 April 1963.
Römerberg (Frankfurt)
Römerberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁøːmɐbɛʁk]; also spelled as Roemerberg, lit. 'Roman Mountain') is a public space in Frankfurt, Germany. It is located in front of the Römer building complex, seat of the Frankfurt city administration since the 15th century. As the site of numerous imperial coronations, trade fairs and Christmas markets, the square is the historic heart of the medieval Altstadt (old town) and a popular tourist destination.

Paulsplatz, another historic square, is to the north. The Old St Nicholas Church and Historical Museum are to the south. Beyond that is the Mainkai, a promenade by the River Main. On the west side of the square is the reconstructed Römer medieval building. To the east is the Dom-Römer Project, and beyond that is Frankfurt Cathedral.

Römerberg is a major location for the outdoor Frankfurt Christmas Market.

It was the site of a Nazi book burning in 1933.

Historical Museum, Frankfurt
The Historical Museum (German: Historisches Museum) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, was founded in 1878, and includes cultural and historical objects relating to the history of Frankfurt and Germany. It moved into the Saalhof in 1955, and a new extension was opened in 1972.

Due to reconstruction and renovation work on the old buildings (before 1971), the museum was closed until the beginning of 2012. The renovated old building was opened on 26 May 2012 and the new building on 7 October 2017.
Tuqtu (Junín)
Tuqtu (Quechua for "broody hen", also spelled Tucto) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 metres (15,092 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Chupaca Province, Yanacancha District.

Cordillera Central (Peru)
The Cordillera Central (Spanish for central mountain range) is part of the Andes in Peru. It extends in a northerly direction approximately between 11º 39’ and 12º 37’S and 75º 30’ and 76º 20’W (or between 11°37' and 12°26'S and 75°30' and 76°18'W) for about 60 km to 100 km. It contains the Paryaqaqa (P), Yauyos (Y) and Pichqa Waqra (PW) mountain ranges. It is located in the Junín Region and in the Lima Region.

The name Cordillera Central is also applied to one of the three ranges that cross Peru in a northwesterly direction between the Cordillera Occidental ("the western range") where the Cordillera Central of the Junín and Lima Regions is located and the Cordillera Oriental ("the eastern range").  The mountaineer Evelio Echevarría uses the term for the La Viuda range and the Khaskaqucha range.
Type 64 MAT
The Type 64 MAT (64式対戦車誘導弾, Roku yon-shiki tai-sensha yūdō-dan; Type 64 anti-tank guided missile) is a Japanese wire-guided anti-tank missile developed during the late 1950s. Within the JGSDF, it is also known as 64MAT and KAM-3.

Wire-guided missile
A wire-guided missile is a missile that is guided by signals sent to it via thin wires connected between the missile and its launch platform using command guidance. As the missile flies, the wires are reeled out behind it. This guidance system is most commonly used in anti-tank missiles, where its ability to be used in areas of limited line-of-sight make it useful, while the range limit imposed by the length of the wire is not a serious concern.

The longest range wire-guided missiles in current use are limited to about 8 km (5.0 mi).
2021–22 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team
The 2021–22 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team represented Duke University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Blue Devils were led by second year head coach Kara Lawson and played their home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

The Blue Devils finished the season 17–13 overall and 7–11 in ACC play to finish in tenth place.  As the tenth seed in the ACC tournament, they defeated Pittsburgh in the First Round before losing to seventh seed Miami in the Second Round.  They were not invited to the NCAA tournament or the WNIT despite being ranked as high as No. 15 during the regular season.

2022 ACC women's basketball tournament
The 2022 ACC women's basketball tournament concluded the 2021–22 season of the Atlantic Coast Conference, and was held at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina from March 2–6, 2022.  This is the 22nd time in 23 years that the tournament has been held in Greensboro. The NC State Wolfpack claimed the title of ACC Champion and an automatic berth into the NCAA tournament for the third year in a row.
Cinco Bayou, Florida
Cinco Bayou is a town in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. The Town of Cinco Bayou is part of the Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 457 at the 2020 census, up from 383 at the 2010 census.

Fort Walton Beach, Florida
Fort Walton Beach, often referred to by the initialism FWB, is a city in southern Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fort Walton Beach had a population of 20,922. It is a principal city of the Crestview−Fort Walton Beach−Destin, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Fort Walton Beach is a year-round fishing and beach resort community. Its busiest time of the year is the summer, causing a boost to the local economy because of tourism.
Royal Radnor Rifles
The Radnorshire Militia, later the Royal Radnor Rifles, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised from earlier precursors in the Welsh county of Radnorshire in the 17th century. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all of Britain's major wars. After a previous short-lived merger it was finally amalgamated into the Royal South Wales Borderers Militia in 1876.

Trained band
Trained bands were companies of part-time militia in England, Wales and the Americas. First organized in the 16th century and dissolved in the 18th. The term was used after this time to describe the London militia.

In England and Wales, organised by county, they were supposed to drill on a regular basis, although this was rarely the case in practice. The regular army was formed from the Trained Bands in the event of war, though the inability or unwillingness of many of the bands to serve outside of their home regions often left the army short on manpower compared to the paper strength implied by the Trained Bands rolls. They later became common in the American colonies, where they are normally referred to as Trainbands. Similar organisations include the Dutch Schutterij, and the Swiss militia, elements of which remain in existence today.
2016 Women's World Draughts Championship match
The 2016 Women's World Draughts Championship match in international draughts was held from 2–9 September 2016 in Karpacz, Poland. It was held under the auspices of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD). It was played between the second place finisher at the 2015 Women's World Draughts Championship, Natalia Sadowska (Poland), and the third place finisher, Olga Kamyshleeva (Netherlands). The world champion at the time, Zoja Golubeva (Latvia), had informed FMJD that she was not willing to defend her title. Natalia Sadowska won and became the 9th women's world draughts champion.

2015 Women's World Draughts Championship
The 2015 Women's World Draughts Championship in international draughts was held from 11–24 May, 2015 at the Hubei Zhonghe International Hotel in Wuhan, China. It was held under the auspices of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD). It was played as 15-round round-robin tournament. The total prize money for the tournament was 20,000 euros.

Zoja Golubeva won the tournament to become the women's world champion.
2017 FINA Diving World Series
The 2017 FINA Diving World Series, also known as FINA/NVC Diving World Series is the ninth edition of  FINA Diving World Series. The 1st leg is Beijing, China and followed by, 2nd leg Guangzhou, China. The 3rd leg is in Kazan, Russia and the final leg in Windsor, Canada. A total of 68 divers (31 men and 37 women) competed.

FINA Diving World Series
The FINA Diving World Series is a diving competition series held annually since 2007.

This series is held around the world (the current series includes 4 events) where the divers collect points depending on their results to determine the World Series champions.
This series is reserved for only the best divers in the World and national wild cards. Most of the divers are medallists from previous Olympics, World Championships and World Cups.
Email filtering
Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria. The term can apply to the intervention of human intelligence, but most often refers to the automatic processing of messages at an SMTP server, possibly applying anti-spam techniques. Filtering can be applied to incoming emails as well as to outgoing ones.

Depending on the calling environment, email filtering software can reject an item at the initial SMTP connection stage or pass it through unchanged for delivery to the user's mailbox.  It is also possible to redirect the message for delivery elsewhere, quarantine it for further checking, modify it or 'tag' it in any other way.

Message transfer agent
Within the Internet email system, a message transfer agent (MTA), mail transfer agent, or mail relay is software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. In some contexts, the alternative names mail server, mail exchanger, or MX host are used to describe an MTA.

Messages exchanged across networks are passed between mail servers, including any attached data files (such as images, multimedia, or documents). These servers often keep mailboxes for email. Access to this email by end users is typically either by webmail or an email client.
Ann Hallenberg
Ann Hallenberg (born 17 March 1967) is a Swedish mezzo-soprano. She has an operatic career on the stage and concert platform around Europe. She regularly appears in major opera houses and festivals, in roles by Rossini, Mozart, Gluck, Handel, Vivaldi, Monteverdi, and Purcell.

Hallenberg studied at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm, with Kerstin Meyer and Erik Saedén; she undertook further study in London with Joy Mammen. Early roles included Fulgenzia in Donizetti's Il fortunato inganno at the Vadstena Academy in 1995 and Aristaeus in Rossi's Orfeo in Drottningholm in 1997, returning in 2001 as Cornelia in Handel's Giulio Cesare.

The mezzo-soprano was made artist in residence at Drottningholm for 2019 and 2020, and decided on the repertoire; in the first year it was Ariodante conducted by Ian Page. In 2021 she was appointed as Hovsångerska by the King of Sweden.

Erik Saedén
Carl Erik Sædén (3 September 1924, in  Vänersborg – 3 November 2009), was a Swedish bass-baritone whose career was principally centred on Stockholm, both on the operatic stage as well as the concert platform. He made a few recordings and appeared in the 1975 Bergman film of The magic flute.
Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Light welterweight
The light welterweight class in the boxing competition was the sixth-lowest weight class.  Light welterweights were limited to those boxers weighing a maximum of 63.5 kilograms (139.9 lbs). 35 boxers qualified for this category. Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of six rounds each. Five judges scored each bout.

Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The boxing programme of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico was held at the Arena México. Medals were awarded in eleven events, with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers.
Book of Fermoy
The Book of Fermoy (Irish: Leabhar Fhear Maí, aka RIA MS 23 E 29 or the Book of Roche, leabhar de Róiste) is a medieval Irish text dated to the 14th to 16th century AD. The majority of the book consists of a compendium of poems, historical tracts and genealogies related to the medieval Roche family compiled in the 1450s and 1460s.

James Henthorn Todd
James Henthorn Todd (23 April 1805 – 28 June 1869) was a biblical scholar, educator, and Irish historian. He is noted for his efforts to place religious disagreements on a rational historical footing, for his advocacy of a liberal form of Protestantism, and for his endeavors as an educator, librarian, and scholar in Irish history.
The Riese Organization
The Riese Organization (/ris/) is a privately held investment company based in New York City that is heavily invested in real estate and in franchised fast food and casual dining restaurants in Manhattan.

TGI Fridays
TGI Fridays Franchisor, LLC, doing business as TGI Fridays, is an American casual dining restaurant chain focusing primarily on American cuisine. The restaurant's name stands for "Thank God It's Friday". TGI Fridays operates more than 380 locations in more than 35 countries, including 79 in the United States. The chain filed for bankruptcy in the United States on November 2, 2024.
AMD Core Math Library
AMD Core Math Library (ACML) is an end-of-life software development library released by AMD, replaced by many open source libraries, including AMD libm 4.0. This library provides mathematical routines optimized for AMD processors.

The successor to ACML is the AMD Optimizing CPU Libraries (AOCL), a set of mostly open source libraries compiled for AMD64 processors. It includes optimized open source forks of various projects including BLIS, libFLAME, ScaLAPACK, and FFTW. It also offers various new open source solutions including AOCL-Sparse which implements sparse linear algebra, the AOCL-LibM math library, and AOCL-LibMem which implements memcpy and similar functions. The AOCL RNG random number generation library is closed source.

Fastest Fourier Transform in the West
The Fastest Fourier Transform in the West (FFTW) is a software library for computing discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) developed by Matteo Frigo and Steven G. Johnson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

FFTW is one of the fastest free software implementations of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). It implements the FFT algorithm for real and complex-valued arrays of arbitrary size and dimension.
Manufacturing Consent
Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. It argues that the mass communication media of the U.S. "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", by means of the propaganda model of communication. The title refers to consent of the governed, and derives from the phrase "the manufacture of consent" used by Walter Lippmann in Public Opinion (1922). Manufacturing Consent was honored with the Orwell Award for "outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse" in 1989.

A 2002 revision takes account of developments such as the fall of the Soviet Union. A 2009 interview with the authors notes the effects of the internet on the propaganda model.

Public Opinion (book)
Public Opinion is a book by Walter Lippmann published in 1922. It is a critical assessment of functional democratic government, especially of the irrational and often self-serving social perceptions that influence individual behavior and prevent optimal societal cohesion. The detailed descriptions of the cognitive limitations people face in comprehending their sociopolitical and cultural environments, leading them to apply an evolving catalogue of general stereotypes to a complex reality, rendered Public Opinion a seminal text in the fields of media studies, political science, and social psychology.
Williams Stadium (Wilmington)
Williams Stadium, on the Campus of Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio, is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose football stadium that is home to the Wilmington College Quakers football, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's lacrosse teams.

Wilmington College (Ohio)
Wilmington College is a private liberal arts college in Wilmington, Ohio, United States. It was established by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1870 and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The college is still Quaker-affiliated and has seven core Quaker values. In fall 2018, the college set an enrollment record, bringing in 450 new students for the academic year, totaling 1,103 students on Wilmington's main campus and 139 students at Wilmington's two Cincinnati branches at Blue Ash and Cincinnati State.
Sperwill 120
The Sperwill 120 is a British paramotor that was designed by Riann Oliver and produced by Sperwill Ltd of Bristol for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Sperwill Ltd
Sperwill Ltd (sometimes Sperwill Aviation) was a British aircraft manufacturer based in Bristol and founded by Riann Oliver. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.

The company seems to have been founded about 2001 and gone out of business in 2009.

The company built a wide range of paramotors noted for their ability to be completely dismantled for ground transport. Each model used a different engine, while retaining similar frame features.
Cotopaxi Province
Cotopaxi (Spanish pronunciation: [kotoˈpaɣsi]) is one of the provinces of Ecuador. The capital is Latacunga. The province contains the Cotopaxi volcano, an intermittent volcano with a height of 19,347 feet (5,897 m).

Cantons of Ecuador
The cantons of Ecuador are the second-level subdivisions of Ecuador, below the provinces. The cantons are further subdivided into parishes, which are classified as either urban or rural.

As of 2025, there are 222 cantons in the country. The most recently created cantons are Sevilla Don Bosco in Morona Santiago Province in 2024; and La Concordia in Esmeraldas Province in 2007, although in 2013 La Concordia was transferred to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province.

Below is a list of cantons by province. All populations are as of the 2022 census, with the exception of the canton of Sevilla Don Bosco, as it did not exist at the time.
Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
Infanta Maria José of Portugal (Maria José Joana Eulália Leopoldina Adelaide Isabel Carolina Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Francisca de Assis e de Paula Inês Sofia Joaquina Teresa Benedita Bernardina; 19 March 1857 – 11 March 1943), sometimes known in English as Maria Josepha, was a Portuguese infanta, later Duchess in Bavaria by marriage. She was the maternal grandmother of King Leopold III of Belgium and Queen Marie-José of Italy.

Marie-José of Belgium
Marie-José of Belgium (Marie-José Charlotte Sophie Amélie Henriette Gabrielle; 4 August 1906 – 27 January 2001) was Queen of Italy as the wife of Umberto II. Her 34-day tenure as queen consort earned her the nickname "the May Queen" (Italian: la regina di maggio).