hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spherical lune
In spherical geometry, a spherical lune (or biangle) is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. It is an example of a digon, {2}θ, with dihedral angle θ. The word "lune" derives from luna, the Latin word for Moon.

Spherical geometry
Spherical geometry or spherics  (from Ancient Greek  σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere or the n-dimensional surface of higher dimensional spheres.

Long studied for its practical applications to astronomy, navigation, and geodesy, spherical geometry and the metrical tools of spherical trigonometry are in many respects analogous to Euclidean plane geometry and trigonometry, but also have some important differences.

The sphere can be studied either extrinsically as a surface embedded in 3-dimensional Euclidean space (part of the study of solid geometry), or intrinsically using methods that only involve the surface itself without reference to any surrounding space.
Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan
Winter Soldier: Iraq and Afghanistan was an event at which more than 200 U.S. military veterans and active duty soldiers, as well as Iraqi and Afghan civilians, provided accounts of their experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan. The event was inspired by the Winter Soldier Investigation of 1971. It was organized by Iraq Veterans Against the War, and held from March 13 to March 16, 2008, timed for the fifth anniversary of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, at the National Labor College in Silver Spring, Maryland.

National Labor College
The National Labor College was a college for union members and their families, union leaders and union staff in Silver Spring, Maryland, US. Established as a training center by the AFL–CIO in 1969 to strengthen union member education and organizing skills, NLC became a degree-granting college in 1997 and in March 2004 gained accreditation from the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Until the college closed on April 26, 2014, it was the only college of its kind in the United States.

In July 2014 the Amalgamated Transit Union purchased the National Labor College campus. The ATU plans to expand its long-standing union education and activism program to the newly acquired campus.
Morgantown Municipal Airport
Morgantown Municipal Airport (IATA: MGW, ICAO: KMGW, FAA LID: MGW) is three miles east of Morgantown, in Monongalia County, West Virginia. It is also known as Walter L. Bill Hart Field. It sees one passenger airline, United Express operated by Skywest Airlines, which is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025 categorized it as a nonprimary commercial service airport (fewer than 10,000 enplanements per year).

The airport's runway cannot handle larger airplanes, but it has filed a request with the Federal Aviation Administration to lengthen the runway by 1,001 feet (305 m).

Colgan Air
Colgan Air was a regional airline in the United States that operated from 1965 until 2012, when it became a subsidiary of Pinnacle Airlines Corp. The initial headquarters of Colgan Air was in Manassas, Virginia until 2010, and then Memphis, Tennessee until closure in 2012.

Colgan Air operated for Continental Express/United Express, and US Airways Express. Pinnacle Airlines Corporation phased out the Colgan Air name on September 5, 2012, and transferred personnel and logistics to Pinnacle Airlines.
Prague 15
Prague 15 is a municipal district (městská část) in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part.

The administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name comprises municipal districts Prague 15, Horní Měcholupy, Dolní Měcholupy, Dubeč, Petrovice and Štěrboholy.

Štěrboholy
The Czech village of Štěrboholy was founded in 1371, and became part of Prague in 1968. Now it is its own cadastral area, part of the administrative district Prague 10.

Its area is 2.97 km2, its population is 2,464 and its population density is 829 inhabitants/km2.

Šterboholy became known during the Seven Years' War on 6 May 1757. That day was the Battle of Prague, where Frederick II the Great defeated the Austrian troops of Charles Alexander of Lorraine.
Saskia Alusalu
Saskia Alusalu (born 14 April 1994) is an Estonian speed skater. Alusalu represented Estonia at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.

In the 2017/18 World Cup in Calgary, Alusalu achieved by far her best World Cup result to date when she placed fourth in the mass start. She attacked early and broke away from the field until three other athletes around the eventual winner Claudia Pechstein caught up with her and finally overtook her.

Alusalu was Estonias's flag bearer at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

She holds several national records.

In August 2021, despite already training for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, she announced that she was ending her career as a speed skater because she wanted to focus more on her personal life and felt she could no longer handle the physical stresses. In addition to her current physiotherapy studies at the University of Tartu, she has obtained a coaching diploma to work as such in the future.

Claudia Pechstein
Claudia Pechstein (German pronunciation: [ˈklaʊdi̯a ˈpɛçʃtaɪn]; born 22 February 1972) is a retired German speed skater. She has won five Olympic gold medals. With a total of nine Olympic medals, five gold, two silver, and two bronze, she was previously the most successful Olympic speed skater, male or female, of all time, (later superseded by Ireen Wüst during the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang). Pechstein is the most successful German Winter Olympian of all time. After the World Championships in Norway in February 2009, Pechstein was accused of blood doping and banned from all competitions for two years.
History of Southern Africa
The history of Southern Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. Southern Africa is bordered by Central Africa, East Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary Southern African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.

Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup A is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, which includes all living human Y chromosomes. Bearers of extant sub-clades of haplogroup A are almost exclusively found in Africa (or among the African diaspora), in contrast with haplogroup BT, bearers of which participated in the Out of Africa migration of early modern humans. The known branches of haplogroup A are A00, A0, A1a, and A1b1; these branches are only very distantly related, and are not more closely related to each other than they are to haplogroup BT.
Wringcliff Bay
Wringcliff Bay, also known as Wring Cliff Cove,  is a bay on the Bristol Channel of northern Devon, England. It lies to the northwest of the village of Lynton, to the northeast of Lee Bay in a "basket-shaped hollow" below the Valley of Rocks. Duty Point and Crock Point are nearby. A narrow path leads down from the South West Coast Path  to the sand and shingle, and also leads to Lee Abbey to the west. The bay is mentioned as "an isolated spot" in Hazel Holt's novel, Gone Away (2010).

Bristol Channel
The Bristol Channel (Welsh: Môr Hafren, lit. 'Severn Sea') is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales (from Pembrokeshire to the Vale of Glamorgan) and South West England (from Devon to North Somerset). It extends from the smaller Severn Estuary of the River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren) to the North Atlantic Ocean. It takes its name from the English city and port of Bristol.

Long stretches of both sides of the coastline are designated as Heritage Coast. These include Exmoor, Bideford Bay, the Hartland Point peninsula, Lundy Island, Glamorgan, Gower Peninsula, Carmarthenshire, South Pembrokeshire and Caldey Island.

Until Tudor times the Bristol Channel was known as the Severn Sea, and it is still known as this in both Welsh: Môr Hafren and Cornish: Mor Havren.
Bundesautobahn 573
Bundesautobahn 573 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 573, short form Autobahn 573, abbreviated as BAB 573 or A 573) is an autobahn in Germany. It leads from the A 61 through Bad Neuenahr and ends behind Bad Neuenahr at a provisional connection. The extension to Linz am Rhein with a bridge is planned, but will be realized as the Bundesstraße 266.

The A 573 was originally planned as the southern end of the A 31.

Bundesautobahn 31
Bundesautobahn 31 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 31, short form Autobahn 31, abbreviated as BAB 31 or A 31) is a German Autobahn that connects the coast of the North Sea near Emden to the Ruhr area. It is also known as Emsland-Autobahn or East Frisian Skewer.

It was completed in December 2004. Construction was in part made possible by a unique method of financing: individuals, companies, towns, counties and the Netherlands donated money to accelerate the project.
Orlando Pirates (IFL)
The Orlando Pirates are a professional indoor football team based in Orlando, Florida, area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The team plays its home games at Kia Center. They began play in the 2018 season as the Massachusetts Pirates and as a member of the National Arena League (NAL).

The Pirates were the first indoor or arena football team to call Lowell home.  Before moving to Lowell, the Pirates were based in Worcester, Massachusetts, and played their home games at the DCU Center.  The Pirates were the third indoor/arena team to call Worcester home, following the Massachusetts Marauders of the Arena Football League (1994) and the New England Surge of the Continental Indoor Football League (2007–2008).  And they are the first team to play in Orlando since the Orlando Predators, who played in the original Arena Football League (1991–2016), the NAL and the failed reboot of the AFL (2024).

New England Surge
The New England Surge were an indoor football team that was a member of the Continental Indoor Football League in 2007 and 2008.

The Surge played home games at the DCU Center in downtown Worcester, Massachusetts. On April 24, 2007, only four games into the team's first season, head coach Rick Buffington was fired, replaced by team president Roy Lucas Jr.

The team shut down its operations after the 2008 season. The mascot's name was Surgeo the Leopard.
H0f gauge
H0f gauge, occasional as H0i gauge designated, is a rail transport modelling scale representing Feldbahn-style 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways using 1:87 HO scale running on Z gauge 6.5-millimetre (0.26 in) track.  The Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen NEM 010 specification defines H0f for modelling gauges 400–650 millimetres (16–26 in), as part of the 1:87-scale family that includes narrow-gauge railway models using H0e gauge and metre-gauge railway models using H0m gauge.

Rail transport modelling scales
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.g. G, O, S, OO, HO, TT, N, and Z.) The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) or National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) standards in most popular scales.
2021 O'Reilly Auto Parts 253
The 2021 O'Reilly Auto Parts 253 was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on February 21, 2021 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.

Added as a replacement for the cancelled Auto Club 400 because of California restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 race was scheduled for 70 laps on the 3.61-mile (5.81 km) road course, it was the second race of the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series season. The race was lengthened from the 2020 schedule, where it was run at 65 laps of the course for 235 miles. It was classified as a 400-kilometer (250 mi) race in 2021, similar to the Charlotte and Road America road course races.

At 84.452 miles per hour (135.912 km/h), it was the slowest Daytona race in NASCAR Cup Series history, although it was run on the road course, Christopher Bell scored his inaugural Cup Series win.

O'Reilly Auto Parts 253
The O'Reilly Auto Parts 253 was a NASCAR Cup Series race on the Daytona International Speedway infield road course in Daytona Beach, Florida. Originally created in 2020 as a temporary event in response to races canceled by the COVID-19 pandemic, the race returned in 2021 for the same reason.

Christopher Bell is the most recent race winner. The race weekend included support events by the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series, respectively called the BrakeBest Select 159 and Super Start Batteries 188.
2006 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 2006 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 112th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 25 May to 15 October 2006.

Garryspillane entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Granagh-Ballingarry in the third round. Dromin/Athlacca and Monaleen were relegated.

The final was played on 15 October 2006 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Bruree and Patrickswell, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first final meeting in 24 years. Bruree won the match by 1–16 to 1–15 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 113 years.

Murroe-Boher's Kevin Tobin was the championship's top scorer with 3–37.

1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.

On 17 July 1887, Murroe won the championship following a 1–00 to 0–01 defeat of South Liberties in the final. This remains the club's only championship title.
Risaralda Department
Risaralda (Spanish pronunciation: [risaˈɾalda]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, in the Andean region, It is part of the Coffee axis with Caldas and Quindío. Its capital is Pereira. Risaralda is very well known for the high quality of its coffee, and a booming industry: automotive, clothes, food, trading of goods and services.

It was divided from the department of Caldas in 1966. The territory is very mountainous and has many kinds of climates in a very small area. Its proximity to harbours such as Buenaventura on the Pacific Region and to the biggest cities in Colombia – Bogotá, Cali, Medellín – makes it a fast-growing economic centre.

Cauca River
The Cauca River (Spanish: Río Cauca) is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras. From its headwaters in southwestern Colombia near the city of Popayán, it joins the Magdalena River near Magangué in Bolívar Department, and the combined river eventually flows out into the Caribbean Sea. It has a length of 965 km (600 mi) to its junction with the Magdalena, for a total length of 1,350 km (840 mi). The river is under the supervision of the Cauca Regional Corporation and the Cauca Valley Regional Autonomous Corporation, and is navigable for 640 km (400 mi) above its junction with the Magdalena.

Cauca River
Bertram Ross
Bertram Ross (November 14, 1920 – April 20, 2003) was an American dancer best known for his work with the Martha Graham Dance Company, with which he performed for two decades. He was Martha Graham’s longtime dance partner and the originator of male roles in most of her major ballets from the 1950s and 1960s, including Adam in Embattled Garden, and both Agamemnon and Orestes in Clytemnestra. After leaving Graham's company, Ross taught, choreographed and formed his own dance company. In later life, he toured in a cabaret duo with his real life partner, the composer and pianist John Wallowitch.

Martha Graham Dance Company
The Martha Graham Dance Company, founded by Martha Graham in 1926, is both the oldest dance company in the United States and the oldest integrated dance company. The company is critically acclaimed in the artistic world and has been recognized as "one of the great dance companies of the world" by the New York Times and as "one of the seven wonders of the artistic universe" by the Washington Post.

Many of the great 20th and 21st century modern dancers and choreographers began at the Martha Graham Dance Company including: Merce Cunningham, Erick Hawkins, Pearl Lang, Pascal Rioult, Miriam Pandor, Anna Sokolow, and Paul Taylor. The repertoire of 181 works also includes guest performances from Mikhail Baryshnikov, Claire Bloom, Margot Fonteyn, Liza Minnelli, Rudolf Nureyev, Maya Plisetskaya, and Kathleen Turner.
Étienne Pézard de la Tousche Champlain
Étienne Pézard de la Tousche Champlain (1624 – c. 1696) was a soldier and seigneur in New France. He served as acting governor of Montreal in 1664.

The son of Claude Pézard de La Tousche and Marie Masson, he was born in Blois, France and came to Canada in 1661, when he was named lieutenant at Trois-Rivières; he was later named captain. In June 1664, he was put in charge of the garrison at Montreal. Later that month, he married Madeleine Mullois de La Borde. In August of that year, he was granted the seigneury of Champlain.

Governor of Montreal
The governor of Montreal was the highest position in Montreal in the 17th century and the 18th century. Prior to the establishment of the 1663 Sovereign Council, the governor of Montreal was appointed by the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal. The governor had responsibilities over both military and civil affairs in Montreal.
İskender Köksal
İskender Köksal (born 22 August 1981) is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

He started his professional career with Beşiktaş and he also played for Yalovaspor, Gebzespor, Yeniköyspor, Anadolu Üsküdar, Balıkesirspor, Kocaelispor, Konya Şekerspor and Balıkesirspor.

Balıkesirspor
Balıkesirspor is a Turkish club based in Balıkesir. Established in 1966, the football team played in the Süper Lig after achieving promotion having finished as runners-up of the TFF First League in 2013–14. The team's previous promotion was 40 years before that. Their stadium, the all-seater Balıkesir Atatürk Stadium, has a capacity of 15,800.
Dilip Sardesai
Dilip Narayan Sardesai (pronunciationⓘ; 8 August 1940 – 2 July 2007) was an Indian international cricketer. He played Tests for the Indian national team as a batsman, the first Goa-born cricketer to play for India, and was often regarded as one of India's best batsmen against spin, although Indian batsmen have been known to play better against spin.

Kensington Oval
The Kensington Oval is a stadium located in the western part of Bridgetown, Barbados. It is the pre-eminent sporting facility on the island and is primarily used for cricket. It has hosted many important cricket games between local, regional, and international teams during its more than 120-year history.
Liqiao, Beijing
Liqiao Town (simplified Chinese: 李桥镇; traditional Chinese: 李橋鎮; pinyin: Lǐqiáo Zhèn) is a town on the south side of Shunyi District, Beijing. It shares border with Renhe Town in the north, Lisui Town in the east, Songzhuang Town in the south, and Tianzhu Town in the west. The town had 97,059 people residing within it in 2020.

The name Liqiao used to be Lijiaqiao (Chinese: 李家桥; lit. 'Li Family's Bridge') due to its concentration of people with the last name Li.

Songzhuang, Beijing
Songzhuang Town (Chinese: 宋庄镇; pinyin: Sòngzhuāng Zhèn) is a town in the northern portion of Tongzhou District in the eastern suburbs of Beijing. It shares border with Liqiao Town in its north, Chaobai River in its east, Lucheng Town in its southeast, Luyi Subdistrict and Yongshun Town in its southwest, and Jinzhan Town in its west. In 2020, the population of Songzhuang Town was 145,247.

The name Songzhuang (Chinese: 宋庄; lit. 'Song's Village') came from the fact that this region was mostly settled by members of Song family during its foundation in the Yuan dynasty.
Cabot–Locke murmur
A Cabot–Locke murmur is an early diastolic heart murmur, occasionally heard in severe untreated anemia, without heart valve abnormalities.  It is detected infrequently, is best heard at the left sternal border, and sounds similar to aortic insufficiency, although it is without decrescendo. Its location, timing, association with severe anemia, and resolution upon correction of anemia, are consistent mechanistically with a functional murmur arising from high volume flow dynamics in the left main coronary artery, which has almost entirely diastolic flow.

It is named for Richard Clarke Cabot and his colleague, Locke. They reported on a series of three patients who had been clinically diagnosed with heart valve disease, but who had normal valvular anatomy at subsequent autopsy.

Functional murmur
A functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself. Serious conditions can arise even in the absence of a primary heart defect, and it is possible for peripheral conditions to generate abnormalities in the heart. Therefore, caution should be applied to use of the terms "innocent" or "benign" in this context.Use of the term dates to the mid 19th century.
Lockheed L-049 Constellation
The Lockheed L-049 Constellation is the first model of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft line. It entered service as the C-69 military transport aircraft during World War II for the United States Army Air Forces and was the first civilian version after the war. When production ended in 1946 it was replaced by the improved L-649 and L-749 Constellation.

Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
The Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone is an American twin-row, supercharged, air-cooled, radial aircraft engine with 18 cylinders displacing nearly 3,350 cubic inches (54.9 L). Power ranged from 2,200 to 3,700 hp (1,640 to 2,760 kW), depending on model. Developed before World War II, the R-3350's design required a long time to mature, and was still experiencing problems with reliability when used to power the Boeing B-29 Superfortress.

After the war, the engine had matured sufficiently to be used in many civilian airliners, notably in its turbo-compound forms, and remained in use in the Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation airliners into the 1950s. Its main rival was the 4,360 in3 (71.4 L), 3,000 to 4,300 hp (2,200 to 3,200 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major, which first ran some four years after the Duplex-Cyclone. The engine is commonly used on Hawker Sea Fury and Grumman F8F Bearcat Unlimited Class Racers at the Reno Air Races.