hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Folding wing
Folding wings are design features incorporated into aircraft to reduce the amount of space a plane takes up on a deck or other surface, so that more aircraft can be parked in a given area.  They are most frequently found on aircraft intended to operate from aircraft carriers, where stowage space on flight decks and hangar decks is at a premium; however, during World War I, in particular, the feature was also used on very large bomber aircraft operating from land, to allow them to fit into hangars designed for smaller aircraft.  More recently wing folding has been incorporated into light civil aircraft, to allow their storage in car garages.

A folding wing has some disadvantages compared to a non-folding wing. It is heavier and has more complex connections for electrical, fuel, aerodynamic, and structural systems.

Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk
Minsk (Russian: Минск) is an aircraft carrier (heavy aircraft cruiser in Russian classification) that served the Soviet Navy and the Russian Navy from 1978 to 1994. She was the second Kiev-class vessel to be built.

From 2000 to 2016 she was a theme park known as Minsk World in Shatoujiao, Yantian, Shenzhen, China.

In April 2016, Minsk was towed to Jiangsu for exhibition. On 16 August 2024, she was burnt in a fire in Nantong, Jiangsu province.
Saidpur, Tando Muhammad Khan
Saidpur, aka Goth Saidpur, is a village and deh in Bulri Shah Karim taluka of Tando Muhammad Khan District, Sindh. As of 2017, it has a population of 1,994, in 365 households. It is the seat of a tapedar circle, which also includes the villages of Beharn, Deghi, Dodi, Jamarkri, and Pakhro. It is also the headquarters of a supervisory tapedar circle, which also includes the tapedar circles of Alipur, Barchani, Miranpur, and Mulan Katiar.

Alipur, Tando Muhammad Khan
Alipur, aka Goth Alipur, is a village and deh in Bulri Shah Karim taluka of Tando Muhammad Khan District, Sindh, Pakistan. As of 2017, it has a population of 3,451, in 676 households. It is the seat of a tapedar circle, which also includes the villages of Qabool Pur, Raitishore, Sonhari, and Soomra.
Samartín de Llodón
Samartín de Llodón is one of 15 parishes (administrative divisions)  in Belmonte de Miranda, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 838 km2 (324 sq mi) in size with a population of 191 (INE 2011).

Belmonte de Miranda
Belmonte de Miranda (Asturian: Miranda) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Salas, on the east by Grado, to the south by Somiedo and Teverga, and on the west by Tineo.
HMS Vestal (1833)
HMS Vestal was a 26-gun Vestal-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy.  She was built to a design by Sir William Symonds and was launched in 1833.

On her maiden voyage, she departed for the West Indies on 19 October 1833, and arrived in Barbados on 3 December of that year. In October 1835, Vestal seized the Spanish slave ship Amalia. This was to a regular part of her Caribbean duties. During 1838 and 1839, she was in Havana protecting British interests off the coast of Mexico. During the following years she visited Canada, Jamaica, the United States, Argentina and Tasmania.

On 26 August 1852, Vestal ran aground on the Hemstead Ledge, west of The Needles, Isle of Wight whilst on a voyage from Portsmouth, Hampshire to the West Indies. After throwing her guns overboard, she was refloated and taken back to Portsmouth for inspection and repair. She was decommissioned in 1860; and broken up in 1862.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
2004 Carolina League season
The 2004 Carolina League was a Class A-Advanced baseball season played between April 8 and September 5. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, with two teams from each division competing in the playoffs.

The Kinston Indians won the Carolina League championship, defeating the Wilmington Blue Rocks in the final round of the playoffs.

Kinston Indians
The Kinston Indians were a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League (CL) located in Kinston, North Carolina, from 1978 to 2011. They played their home games at Grainger Stadium, which opened in 1949.

The team began play in 1978 as the Kinston Eagles, borrowing their name from the city's first team of the same name dating back to 1925. They became an affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays in 1979 and rebranded as the Kinston Blue Jays in 1982. Kinston reverted to the Eagles moniker in 1986 after the Toronto affiliation ended and became the Kinston Indians upon partnering with the Cleveland Indians in 1987. After the 2011 season, the Carolina League franchise was relocated to Zebulon, North Carolina, for the 2012 campaign to become the Carolina Mudcats.

The K-Tribe won the Carolina League championship in 1988, 1991, 1995, 2004, and 2006.
John B. Little (radiobiologist)
John B. Little (October 5, 1929 – May 24, 2020) was an American radiobiologist who was the James Stevens Simmons Professor of Radiobiology Emeritus at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health from 2006 until his death in 2020. He graduated from Harvard College (physics,1951) and Boston University Medical School (MD, 1955).

Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University School of Medicine (formally the Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine) is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1848. Originally known as the New England Female Medical College, it was renamed Boston University School of Medicine in 1873. It became the Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, in 2022. In 1864, it became the first medical school in the United States to award an MD degree to an African-American woman.

The school is the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Medical Center, its primary teaching hospital, operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England, and the largest network of regional community health centers. The school is the home of the Framingham Heart Study, from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered.
Karl Struss
Karl Struss, A.S.C. (November 30, 1886 – December 15, 1981) was an American photographer and a cinematographer of the 1900s through the 1950s. He was also one of the earliest pioneers of 3-D films. While he mostly worked on films, such as F. W. Murnau's Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans and Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator and Limelight, he was also one of the cinematographers for the television series Broken Arrow and photographed 19 episodes of My Friend Flicka.

Photo-Secession
The Photo-Secession was an early 20th century movement that promoted photography as a fine art in general and photographic pictorialism in particular.

A group of photographers, led by Alfred Stieglitz and F. Holland Day in the early 20th century, held the then controversial viewpoint that what was significant about a photograph was not what was in front of the camera but the manipulation of the image by the artist/photographer to achieve their subjective vision. 
The movement helped to raise standards and awareness of art photography.

The group is the American counterpart to the Linked Ring, an invitation-only British group which seceded from the Royal Photographic Society.
Sedimentation enhancing strategy
Sedimentation enhancing strategies are environmental management projects aiming to restore and facilitate land-building processes in deltas. Sediment availability and deposition are important because deltas naturally subside and therefore need sediment accumulation to maintain their elevation, particularly considering increasing rates of sea-level rise. Sedimentation enhancing strategies aim to increase sedimentation on the delta plain primarily by restoring the exchange of water and sediments between rivers and low-lying delta plains. Sedimentation enhancing strategies can be applied to encourage land elevation gain to offset sea-level rise. Interest in sedimentation enhancing strategies has recently increased due to their ability to raise land elevation, which is important for the long-term sustainability of deltas.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Walter B. Keane
The Walter B. Keane (WB),   and under the nickname "The Barge", was an 168-bed jail barge used to hold inmates for the New York City Department of Corrections. The barge is currently anchored off Staten Island but was previously docked on Rikers Island, near Hunts Point.

Prison ship
A prison ship, is a current or former seagoing vessel that has been modified to become a place of substantive detention for convicts, prisoners of war or civilian internees. Some prison ships were hulked. While many nations have deployed prison ships over time, the practice was most widespread in 18th- and 19th-century Britain, as the government sought to address the issues of overcrowded civilian jails on land and an influx of enemy detainees from the War of Jenkins' Ear, the Seven Years' War and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Hamzehabad-e Olya
Hamzehabad-e Olya (Persian: حمزه ابادعليا, also Romanized as Ḩamzehābād-e ‘Olyā; also known as Ḩamzehābād-e Bālā) is a village in Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District, Lajan District, Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155, in 21 families.

Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District
Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان لاهيجان غربي) is in Lajan District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Silveh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Darbekeh, now in Lahijan Rural District.
1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election
Elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in September–October 1951. Sheikh Abdullah was appointed the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups such as the Jammu Praja Parishad, Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the next prime minister.

Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir
The Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly was a body of representatives elected in 1951 to formulate the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir. The Constituent Assembly was dissolved on 26 January 1957, based on Mir Qasim resolution it adopted and ratified the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir  on 17 November 1956.
Jean Adams (epidemiologist)
Jean Adams is an epidemiologist and Professor of Dietary Public Health at the MRC Epidemiology Unit based at the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on population-level influences on dietary public health, and interventions to improve such health.

School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge
The School of Clinical Medicine is the medical school of the University of Cambridge in England. The medical school is considered as being one of the most prestigious in the world, ranking as 1st in The Complete University Guide, followed by Oxford University Medical School, Harvard Medical School, and Stanford School of Medicine and 2nd in the world in the 2023 Times Higher Education Ranking. The Cambridge Graduate Course in Medicine (A101) is the most competitive course offered by the university and in the UK, and is among the most competitive medical programmes for entry in the world. The school is located alongside Addenbrooke's Hospital and other institutions in multiple buildings across the Cambridge Biomedical Campus.
Aroroy
Aroroy, officially the Municipality of Aroroy (Masbatenyo: Banwa san Aroroy, Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Aroroy),  is a municipality in the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 89,154 people.

It is known for the Kalanay Cave, one of the most important archaeological sites in the province of Masbate.

Masbate City
Masbate City, officially the City of Masbate (Masbateño: Syudad san Masbate; Filipino: Lungsod ng Masbate), is a 2nd class component city and capital of the province of Masbate, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 104,011 people.

As the most populous and the only city in the province, Masbate City serves as the province's main commercial center and chief seaport.
2015–16 Håndboldligaen
The 2015–16 Håndboldligaen (known as the Boxer Herreligaen for sponsorship reasons) is the 80th season of the Håndboldligaen, Denmark's premier Handball league.

Bjerringbro-Silkeborg won their first title ever, when they beat Team Tvis Holstebro in the final. Skive fH was relegated, as they finished last in the regular season.

Herreligaen
The Herreligaen (men's league), formerly known as Herrehåndboldligaen (men's handball league), is the men's top Danish professional handball league. The winners of the Herreligaen are recognised as the Danish men's handball champions. The current champions are Aalborg Håndbold.
Christine Braddock
Dame Christine Braddock, DBE, DL is a British further education administrator, academic and was High Sheriff of the West Midlands for the year 2013–2014. She has received three honorary degrees. She was awarded a CBE in 2007, and was then promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2013, for services to further education.

Birmingham Children's Hospital
Birmingham Children's Hospital is a specialist children's hospital located in Birmingham, England. The hospital provides a range of specialist services and operates the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) for the city. The service operates as part of Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust.
Symmetric spectrum
In algebraic topology, a symmetric spectrum X is a spectrum of pointed simplicial sets that comes with an action of the symmetric group  on  such that the composition of structure maps

is equivariant with respect to . A morphism between symmetric spectra is a morphism of spectra that is equivariant with respect to the actions of symmetric groups.

The technical advantage of the category  of symmetric spectra is that it has a closed symmetric monoidal structure (with respect to smash product). It is also a simplicial model category. A symmetric ring spectrum is a monoid in ; if the monoid is commutative, it's a commutative ring spectrum. The possibility of this definition of "ring spectrum" was one of the motivations behind the category.

A similar technical goal is also achieved by May's theory of S-modules, a competing theory.

Commutative ring spectrum
In algebraic topology, a commutative ring spectrum, roughly equivalent to a -ring spectrum, is a commutative monoid in a good category of spectra.

The category of commutative ring spectra over the field  of rational numbers is Quillen equivalent to the category of differential graded algebras over .

Example: The Witten genus may be realized as a morphism of commutative ring spectra MString →tmf.

See also: simplicial commutative ring, highly structured ring spectrum and derived scheme.
Sociocognitive
Sociocognitive or socio-cognitive is a term especially used when complex cognitive and social properties are reciprocally connected and essential for a given problem.

It has been used in academic literature with three different meanings:

It can indicate a branch of science, engineering or technology, such as socio-cognitive research, or socio-cognitive interactions,

It can refer to the integration of the cognitive and social properties of systems, processes, functions, as well as models, or

It can describe how processes of group formation effect cognition, studied in cognitive sociology.

Systemics
In the context of systems science and systems philosophy, systemics is an initiative to study systems. It is an attempt at developing logical, mathematical, engineering and philosophical paradigms and frameworks in which physical, technological, biological, social, cognitive and metaphysical systems can be studied and modeled.

The term "systemics" was coined in the 1970s by Mario Bunge and others, as an alternative paradigm for research related to general systems theory and systems science.
Ottoman Kurds
Ottoman Kurds were ethnic Kurds who lived in the Ottoman Empire. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire ruled North Kurdistan, South Kurdistan, West Kurdistan, and a small part of East Kurdistan. Parts of Greater Kurdistan under Ottoman control are collectively known as Ottoman Kurdistan.

Bohtan
Bohtan was a medieval Kurdish principality in the Ottoman Empire centered on the town of Jazirah ibn 'Omar in northern Mesopotamia (or northern Jazira). The official religion of this principality was Yezidism in 14th century, although the rulers eventually converted to Islam. Bohtan constituted the third major Yezidi enclave after Shekhan and Sinjar until the 19th century.
Miner
A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.

Cave-ins, explosions, toxic air, and extreme temperatures are some of the most dangerous mining accidents. The overall long-term health effects of underground mining conditions is also a hazard. In some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.

In regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.

Pickaxe
A pickaxe (American spelling: pickax), pick-axe, or pick is a generally T-shaped hand tool used for digging. Its head is typically metal, attached perpendicularly to a longer handle, traditionally made of wood, occasionally metal, and increasingly fiberglass.

A standard pickaxe, similar to a "pick mattock", has a pointed end on one side of its head and a broad flat "axe" blade opposite. A gradual curve characteristically spans the length of the head. The next most common configuration features two spikes, one slightly longer than the other.

The pointed end is used both for breaking and prying, the axe for hoeing, skimming, and chopping through roots.

Developed as agricultural tools in prehistoric times, picks have evolved into other tools such as the plough and the mattock. They also have been used in general construction and mining, and adapted to warfare.
Outline of Tanzania
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tanzania:

Tanzania – sovereign country located in East Africa.  Tanzania borders Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south.  To the east it borders the Indian Ocean.

Geography of Tanzania
Tanzania comprises many lakes, national parks, and Africa's highest point, Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m or 19,341 ft). Northeast Tanzania is mountainous, while the central area is part of a large plateau covered in grasslands. The country also contains the southern portion of Lake Victoria on its northern border with Uganda and Kenya.

Administratively, Tanzania is divided into 31 regions, with twenty-five on the mainland, three on Unguja (known informally as Zanzibar Island), and two on Pemba Island.
Bartolomeo Montagna
Bartolomeo (or Bartolommeo) Montagna (UK: /mɒnˈtɑːnjə/, US: /mənˈ-/, Italian: [bartolo(m)ˈmɛːo monˈtaɲɲa]; 1450?– 11 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter who mainly worked in Vicenza. He also produced works in Venice, Verona, and Padua. He is most famous for his many Madonnas and his works are known for their soft figures and depiction of eccentric marble architecture. He is considered to be heavily influenced by Giovanni Bellini, in whose workshop he might have worked around 1470. Benedetto Montagna, a productive engraver, was his son and pupil and active until about 1540. He was mentioned in Vasari's Lives as a student of Andrea Mantegna but this is widely contested by art historians.

Trachyte
Trachyte (/ˈtreɪkaɪt, ˈtræk-/) is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar. It is usually light-colored and aphanitic (fine-grained), with minor amounts of mafic minerals, and is formed by the rapid cooling of lava (or shallow intrusions) enriched with silica and alkali metals. It is the volcanic equivalent of syenite.

Trachyte is common wherever alkali magma is erupted, including in late stages of ocean island volcanism and in continental rift valleys, above mantle plumes, and in areas of back-arc extension. Trachyte has also been found in Gale crater on Mars.

Trachyte has been used as decorative building stone and was extensively used as dimension stone in the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice.
Challenger (train)
The Challengers were named passenger trains on the Union Pacific Railroad and the Chicago and North Western Railway (which was replaced in 1955 by the Milwaukee Road). The economy service ran between Chicago, Illinois, and the West Coast of the United States. The trains had full Pullman service and coach seating and were an attempt to draw Depression-Era riders back to the rails. Food service was advertised as "three meals for under a dollar a day."

During the late 1930s the Challenger fleet was among the highest-patronized of American trains, and the best revenue producers of the UP passenger fleet. Discontinued in 1947, the Challenger name reappeared in 1954 on a streamliner. When Amtrak took over the nation's passenger service in 1971, it ended the Challenger once and for all.

Dining car
A dining car (American English) or a restaurant car (British English), also a diner, is a passenger railroad car that serves meals in the manner of a full-service, sit-down restaurant.

These cars provide the highest level of service of any railroad food service car, typically employing multiple servers and kitchen staff members. Consequently, they are the most expensive to operate. It is distinct from other railroad food service cars that do not duplicate the full-service restaurant experience, such as buffet cars, cars in which one purchases food from a walk-up counter to be consumed either within the car or elsewhere in the train. Grill cars, in which customers sit on stools at a counter and purchase and consume food cooked on a grill behind the counter are generally considered to be an "intermediate" type of dining car.