hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from July 2021 to December 2021.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

COVID-19 passports in the United Kingdom
Trials to assess the effectiveness of an immunity passport scheme, also known as a COVID passport or COVID certification scheme, were confirmed by the UK government on 3 April 2021 as a way of helping to restart public events in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement was made following much discussion and speculation about the idea by politicians and in the British media. The government announced that trials of a scheme for England would begin on 16 April, starting with a comedy evening in Liverpool.

In December 2021, COVID passports or similar verification methods became mandatory to access certain high-density venues per government regulations to address the spread of the infections Omicron variant of COVID-19.
Rose seed oil
Rose seed oil is a vegetable seed oil, most commonly extracted from the wild rose bush Rosa rubiginosa (Spanish: rosa mosqueta) in the southern Andes, or Rosa canina - a wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. Rose fruits have been used in folk medicine for a long time, showing prophylactic and therapeutic action against infectious diseases such as the common cold, gastrointestinal disorders, urinary tract diseases, and inflammation.

Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, canola oil, grapeseed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of plants. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Sumi Jo
Sumi Jo, OSI (Korean: 조수미; Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕo sumi]; born 22 November 1962) is a South Korean lyric coloratura soprano known for her Grammy Award-winning interpretations of the bel canto repertoire.

Théâtre du Châtelet
The Théâtre du Châtelet (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ dy ʃɑtlɛ]) is a theatre and opera house, located on the Place du Châtelet in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France.

One of two theatres (the other being the Théâtre de la Ville) built on the site of a châtelet, a small castle or fortress, it was designed by Gabriel Davioud at the request of Baron Haussmann between 1860 and 1862. Originally named the Théâtre Impérial du Châtelet, it has undergone remodeling and name changes over the years. Currently it seats 2,500 people.
Charles Avenue
Charles Avenue is a historic street in Coconut Grove. It is one of the oldest streets in South Florida. It was built in the 1880s by Bahamian settlers who worked for the first hotels in the area. Charles Avenue is lined with shotgun houses, churches, a cemetery and the Coconut Grove Playhouse.

Coconut Grove Playhouse
The Coconut Grove Playhouse was a theatre in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. The building was originally constructed as a movie theater called the Player's State Theater. It opened on January 1, 1927, as a part of the Paramount chain. The movie house was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of Kiehnel and Elliott. It was built by local realtors Irving J. Thomas and Fin L. Pierce. Albert Peacock was the contractor.

The theater was renowned as the second movie theatre on the east coast of Florida to be air conditioned and having the largest Wurlitzer organ in the United States. It was used for a variety of shows until closing in 2006. It has not been used since.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
Flora (given name)
Flora is a feminine given name of Latin origin meaning flower, ultimately derived from the Latin word flos, which had the genitive floris. Flora was a fertility goddess of flowers and springtime in Ancient Rome. Flora is also a feminine form of the Roman name Florus, which is derived from the same source.

Feminine variants include Florrie or its Scottish Gaelic equivalent Flòraidh. Flora was also used as an English translation for the etymologically unrelated Scottish Gaelic Fionnaghal, a variant of the Irish Gaelic name Fionnuala.

Other feminine variants include the Dutch Floor and Floortje, the English and French Florence, the French Fleur, Flore, and Florette, the Hungarian Flóra, the Italian Fiore and Fiorenza, the Occitan Flòra, the Sami Florá, the Portuguese and Spanish Flor and Florinda, the Spanish Florencia, and the Portuguese Florência, and the Welsh Fflur.

Flora (mythology)
Flora (Latin: Flōra) is a Roman goddess of flowers and spring. She was one of the twelve deities of traditional Roman religion who had their own flamen, the Floralis, one of the flamines minores. Her association with spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime, as did her role as goddess of youth. She is  one of several fertility goddesses and a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology. Her Greek counterpart is Chloris.
Tulum, Quintana Roo
Tulum (pronounced [tuˈlum]) is the largest community in the municipality of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is located on the Caribbean coast of the state, near the site of the archaeological ruins of Tulum.

Tulum
Tulum (Spanish pronunciation: [tuˈlun]; Yucatec Maya: Tulu'um) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city which served as a major port for Coba, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The ruins are situated on 12-meter-tall (39 ft) cliffs along the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Caribbean Sea. Tulum was one of the last cities built and inhabited by the Maya and achieved its greatest prominence between the 13th and 15th centuries. Maya continued to occupy Tulum for about 70 years after the Spanish began exploring Mexico, but the city was abandoned by the end of the 16th century. Tulum is one of the best-preserved coastal Maya sites, and today it is a popular site for tourists.
2006 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 2006 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship was the 20th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. The cities of Linares, Andújar and Martos, in Spain, hosted the tournament. Spain won the trophy for the first time. Germany and Iceland were relegated to Division B.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.
Jarkko Hentula
Jarkko Hentula (born 1970) has worked primarily as a producer or an executive producer in over 40 feature films and TV-productions. Hentula is the Head of Feature Films in Yellow Film & TV production company.

JP Siili
Jukka-Pekka Siili (born 17 September 1964), often billed as JP Siili, is a Finnish film director and screenwriter. While also frequently working for television, he is best known for having directed films Hymypoika, Ganes and Härmä.
Cessna CH-1 Skyhook
The Cessna CH-1 Skyhook is the only helicopter ever built by the Cessna Aircraft Company. It was the first helicopter to land on the summit of Pike's Peak and the last piston-engined helicopter to set the helicopter altitude record. The CH-1 had a single, two-bladed main rotor, and a front-mounted reciprocating engine which gave the aircraft a stable center of gravity (CG). Its semi-monocoque airframe greatly resembles its light airplane siblings built by Cessna. The CH-1 was named Skyhook for the civil market, similar to the marketing names used in the Cessna single engine airplane line, such as Skyhawk, Skylane and Skywagon. The United States Army designated the CH-1C as the YH-41 Seneca. While the CH-1 achieved several helicopter firsts and set a world record, it never became a commercial or military success.

Cessna 185 Skywagon
The Cessna 185 Skywagon is a six-seat, single-engined, general aviation light aircraft manufactured by Cessna.  It first flew as a prototype in July 1960, with the first production model completed in March 1961.  The Cessna 185 is a high-winged aircraft with non-retractable conventional landing gear and a tailwheel.

Over 4,400 were built with production ceasing in 1985. When Cessna re-introduced some of its most popular models in the 1990s, the tailwheel equipped Cessna 180 and 185 were not put back into production.
Long Riders!
Long Riders! (Japanese: ろんぐらいだぁす!, Hepburn: Rongu Raidāsu!) is a Japanese manga series by Taishi Miyake, which began serialization in Ichijinsha's shōnen manga magazine Comic Rex from 2012 and has been collected in nine tankōbon volumes. Another volume containing material which predated the first Comic Rex chapter was published on May 27, 2014, as Volume 0. An anime television adaptation by Actas aired in Japan between October and December 2016, with the remaining episodes aired on February 5, 2017. A light-novel version by Kei Aramoto began with Volume 1 in August 2020.

Rumi Okubo
Rumi Okubo (大久保 瑠美, Ōkubo Rumi; born September 27, 1989) is a Japanese voice actress associated with 81 Produce. She voiced Ako Shirabe/Cure Muse in Suite PreCure and Mia Ageha in Pretty Rhythm: Dear My Future. She won an award for Best Female Newcomer at the 7th Seiyu Awards.
Egg incubation
Egg incubation is the process by which an egg, of oviparous (egg-laying) animals, develops an embryo within the egg, after the egg's formation and ovipositional release. Egg incubation is done under favorable environmental conditions, possibly by brooding and hatching the egg.

Multiple and various factors are vital to the incubation of various species of animal. In many species of reptile for example, no fixed temperature is necessary, but the actual temperature determines the sex ratio of the offspring. In birds, the sex of offspring is genetically determined, but in many species a constant and particular temperature is necessary for successful incubation. Especially in poultry, the act of sitting on eggs to incubate them is called brooding. The action or behavioral tendency to sit on a clutch of eggs is also called broodiness, and most egg-laying breeds of poultry have had this behavior selectively bred out of them to increase production.

Megapode
The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet in the family Megapodiidae. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs and feet typical of these terrestrial birds. All are browsers, and all except the malleefowl occupy wooded habitats. Most are brown or black in color. Megapodes are superprecocial, hatching from their eggs in the most mature condition of any bird. They hatch with open eyes, bodily coordination and strength, full wing feathers, and downy body feathers, and are able to run, pursue prey and, in some species, fly on the day they hatch.
Neuenwalde Convent
The Neuenwalde Convent (N. Low Saxon: Klooster Niewohl, German: Kloster Neuenwalde; Latin: Conventus Sanct[a]e Crucis) is a Lutheran damsels' convent in Neuenwalde, a locality of Geestland, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Since 1683 the convent is owned by the corporation of the Bremian Knighthood and used for Lutheran conventuals and continues to function as such today. It is the only convent preserved in the Elbe-Weser triangle out of a former sample of 14 monasteries. The convent was established as a Roman Catholic nunnery in 1219, and was recorded in 1282 for pursuing the Benedictine observance. The convent relocated twice in 1282 and 1334.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
David Cobeño
David Cobeño Iglesias (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈβið koˈβeɲojˈɣlesjas]; born 6 April 1982) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently director of football of La Liga club Rayo Vallecano.

2006–07 UEFA Cup
The 2006–07 UEFA Cup was the 36th edition of the UEFA Cup, Europe's second-tier club football tournament. On 16 May 2007, at Hampden Park, Glasgow, Scotland, Sevilla won their second consecutive UEFA Cup, defeating Espanyol 3–1 on penalties after the match finished 2–2 after extra time. Sevilla became the second side to win the competition for two consecutive seasons, following the hiatus of the original record holder Real Madrid achieved in 1985 and 1986.

Walter Pandiani of Espanyol was the top goals scorer of this UEFA Cup edition with 11 goals.
Puerto Rico Maritime Transport Authority
The Puerto Rico Maritime Transport Authority —Spanish: Autoridad de Transporte Marítimo (ATM)— is a government-owned corporation of Puerto Rico charged with providing maritime transportation services for cargo and passengers within Puerto Rico, including the island municipalities of Vieques and Culebra. The agency is ascribed to the Department of Transportation and Public Works and was established by 1 (PDF). January 1, 2000..

Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works
The Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTOP; Spanish: Departamento de Transportación y Obras Públicas) is the  Executive Department of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico that regulates transportation and public works in Puerto Rico. The agency's headquarters are located in San Juan.
Centaurea horrida
Centaurea horrida is a species of the genus Centaurea which is only found growing in Sardinia and associated islands. Due to their limited ability to disperse, they are isolated from other environments, and have a very low colonizing ability.

It is a parent of the hybrid C. × forsythiana.

In 1992, C. horrida was designated as a 'priority species' under Annex II of the Habitats Directive of the European Community (which was reformed as the European Union the following year). This designation was meant to serve as the basis for Italy to declare which areas in which it occurs are 'Special Areas of Conservation' -which were to form the backbone of the Natura 2000 network, but only if these areas include one of the number of habitats listed in Annex I of the directive.

Centaurea
Centaurea (/ˌsɛntɔːˈriːə/) is a genus of over 700 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere; the Middle East and surrounding regions are particularly species-rich.
2022 Men's AHF Cup
The 2022 Men's AHF Cup was the sixth edition of the Men's AHF Cup, a field hockey qualification tournament for the Men's Hockey Asia Cup organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The event was held at the GBK Hockey Field in Jakarta, Indonesia from 11 to 20 March 2022.

The top two teams qualified for the 2022 Men's Hockey Asia Cup.

Men's AHF Cup
The Men's AHF Cup is a quadrennial international men's field hockey competition in Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The tournament was founded in 1997 and serves as a qualification tournament for the next Men's Asia Cup.
Performance attribution
Performance attribution, or investment performance attribution is a set of techniques that performance analysts use to explain why a portfolio's performance differed from the benchmark.  This difference between the portfolio return and the benchmark return is known as the active return.  The active return is the component of a portfolio's performance that arises from the fact that the portfolio is actively managed.

Different kinds of performance attribution provide different ways of explaining the active return.

Attribution analysis attempts to distinguish which of the various different factors affecting portfolio performance is the source of the portfolio's overall performance. Specifically, this method compares the total return of the manager's actual investment holdings with the return for a predetermined benchmark portfolio and decomposes the difference into a selection effect and an allocation effect.

Active management
Active management (also called active investing) is an approach to investing. In an actively managed portfolio of investments, the investor selects the investments that make up the portfolio. Active management is often compared to passive management or index investing.

Passively managed funds consistently outperform actively managed funds.
Chelsea Arts District
The Chelsea Arts District, sometimes also called the West Chelsea Arts District or the Chelsea Gallery District is a region of Chelsea, Manhattan, New York City, that runs from 18th to 28th Street between Tenth Avenue and Eleventh Avenue that is known for its concentration of art galleries. It developed as part of the neighborhood's rezoning and shift in the international art market in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

While galleries have relocated to other areas due to rising rents and the distance from the subway, new galleries have taken their place and the area remains an arts hub.

While many galleries feature a rotating series of exhibits, the district is also known for longterm or permanent projects, such as Joseph Beuys' 7000 Oaks which began in 1988 with five trees that marked Dia Chelsea's opening and was extended in 1996 and remains due to a partnership with the Departments of Parks & Recreation and Transportation.

Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)
Eleventh Avenue is a north–south thoroughfare on the far West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, located near the Hudson River. Eleventh Avenue originates in the Meatpacking District in the Greenwich Village and West Village neighborhoods at Gansevoort Street, where Eleventh Avenue, Tenth Avenue, and West Street intersect. It is considered part of the West Side Highway between 22nd and Gansevoort Streets.

Between 59th and 107th Streets, the avenue is known as West End Avenue. Both West End Avenue and Eleventh Avenue are considered to be part of the same road.
Cornelis Hiddingh
Cornelis Hiddingh, RNL (10 June 1809 – 4 September 1871) was a Dutch Cape Colony born lawyer and civil servant. He acted as special envoy to the Orange Free State and South African Republic from 1855–1856. He was consul general of the Orange Free State in the Netherlands between 1861 and 1871.

Jacobus Groenendaal
Jacobus Groenendaal (1 November 1805 – 27 November 1860) was a South African statesman of Dutch origin, member of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State and the republic's first Treasurer General and Government Secretary in office from 1854 to 1855 and 1856 respectively.

Groenendaal was born in Heerewaarden, Netherlands, and was one of the many Dutch immigrants who settled in South Africa around the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a schoolteacher by training, but quickly became an influential politician, first in the negotiations about the formation of the Orange Free State, and afterwards as a parliamentarian and office holder. His political career was hampered by bad health and differences of opinion with State President Boshoff, and eventually cut short by his early death.

Groenendaal left an important political legacy in the form of the Orange free State constitution, in the draft of which he played an important role.
Suzanne Cadden
Suzanne Olivia Cadden (later McMahon, born 8 October 1957) is a Scottish amateur golfer. In 1975 she was runner-up in both the Ladies' British Open Amateur Championship and the Ladies' British Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship. She played in the 1976 Curtis Cup.

Girls Home Internationals
The Girls Home Internationals was an amateur team golf championship for girls between the four Home Nations. Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland.The event was organised by The R&A. The inaugural event was held in 1969 and the venue cycled between the four nations. The winning team received the Stroyan Cup. Originally it was played immediately before, and at the same venue, as the Girls Amateur Championship. However it was later held as a separate event. In 2021 the match was replaced by a combined Girls and Boys Home Internationals.

A match between Scotland and England girls had been played since 1935 while Ireland and Wales had also played earlier matches.
Great Coates
Great Coates is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is to the north-west and adjoins the Grimsby urban area, and is served by Great Coates railway station.

The northern part of the parish extends to the Humber Estuary foreshore, and includes the chemical plants of Ciba, Grimsby and Tioxide, Grimsby.

A180 road (England)
The A180 is a primary route in northern England, that runs from the M180 motorway to Cleethorpes. The road is a continuation of the M180, but built to lower specifications: it is mainly dual two-lane without hard shoulders. The road is (mostly grade separated) dual carriageway for 16.87 miles (27.15 km) from the M180 to Grimsby, and is a single carriageway road for 2 miles (3.2 km) between Grimsby and Cleethorpes beach.
Tenacibaculum agarivorans
Tenacibaculum agarivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped agar-digesting bacterium from the genus of Tenacibaculum which has been isolated from the alga (Porphyra yezoensis) from the coast of Weihai in China.

Tenacibaculum
Tenacibaculum is a gram-negative and motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

Many opportunistic pathogens for fish species are included in the genus Tenacibaculum including Tenacibaculum maritimum, Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum gallaicum, and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. These pathogens cause an ulcerative disease known as tenacibaculosis. Characteristics of tenacibaculosis include lesions on the body, necrosis, frayed fin, tail rot, eroded mouth, and sometimes necrosis on the gills and eyes. The disease can lead to mortality and can leave afflicted species susceptible to secondary infections from the open lesions. 
Tenacibaculosis is also known as salt water columnaris disease, gliding bacterial disease of sea fish, bacterial stomatitis, eroded mouth syndrome, and black patch necrosis.

It is thought, tough not proven, that medusas and salmon louse help spread the bacteria.