hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madani El Glaoui
Si El Madani El Glaoui (1860–July 1918; born Madani El Mezouari El Glaoui, Arabic: المدني المزواري الڭلاوي, romanized: al-Madanī al-Mazwarī al-Glāwī; Tachelhit: Lmadani Aglawu), nicknamed the faqih (the literate) was a prominent statesman in Morocco during the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was largely responsible for establishing the Glaoui family's power in the country.

Descendant of a family in the service of the Moroccan Makhzen since the reign of Moulay Ismail, and invested by Moulay Hassan, Si El Madani served 4 successive sultans with several functions, culminating in his appointment in 1908 as Grand Vizier (صدر أعظم in Arabic) under Moulay Abdelhafid before being dismissed in 1911 at the urging of France, whose increasing influence in Moroccan affairs he had opposed.

Hassan I of Morocco
Mawlay Hassan bin Mohammed (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد, romanized: al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad), known as Hassan I (Arabic: الحسن الأول, romanized: al-Ḥasan al-Awwal; 1836 or 1857 – 9 June 1894) was the sultan of Morocco from 16 September 1873 to 9 June 1894, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father Muhammad IV. Mawlay Hassan was among the most successful sultans. He increased the power of the makhzen in Morocco and at a time when the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control, he brought in military and administrative reforms to strengthen his government within its complete territory, and he carried out an active military and diplomatic program on the periphery. He died on 9 June 1894 and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Aziz.
Manishankar Pandey
Manishankar Pandey  (born 20 October 1950) is an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. Pandey has completed his BA, MA & LLB from Banaras Hindu University. He represented the Uttar Pradesh Legislative council from 1989 to 1995. He was active in the Indian National Congress Party for more than 45 years from the 1960s to 2018. In 2018, Manishankar Pandey left Indian National Congress Party  for joining Lok Janshakti Party. Ram Vilas Paswan appointed Manishankar Pandey as state president for Uttar Pradesh Lok Jan Shakti Party wing the moment he joined the party. During the split of Lok Jan Shakti Party, Pandey stood with the Chirag Paswan faction. Now, Manishankar Pandey is acting as State President for the Uttar Pradesh Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) wing.

Chirag Paswan
Chirag Paswan (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian politician and former actor who is serving as the 19th Minister of Food Processing Industries since June 2024. He is the 1st president of the Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) since 2021, 2nd president of the Lok Janshakti Party from 2019 to 2021 and a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from the Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency since 2024. He is the son of late Member of Parliament and Union Minister, Ram Vilas Paswan.
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield (San Ramón)
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield de San Ramón, commonly known as simply Vélez de San Ramón, is a professional football club from San Ramón, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. They participate in the Liga Santiagueña de Fútbol and the Torneo Regional Federal Amateur. The club was founded on August 28, 1923.

Torneo Argentino C
The Torneo Argentino C (officially Torneo del Interior) was one of the two leagues that form the regionalised fifth level of the Argentine football league system. The competition was organized by the Federal Council (Consejo Federal), an internal organ of the Argentine Football Association (AFA), and was contested by clubs indirectly affiliated to the Association. In other words, the clubs that played in the tournament are affiliated to their local leagues, that in turn are affiliated to AFA.

The tournament was disputed by teams from all around the country, except from Buenos Aires, Greater Buenos Aires, Rosario and Santa Fe, whose teams are directly affiliated. Teams directly affiliated play in the other regionalised fifth tier, the Primera D Metropolitana.

Teams in the Argentino C played for promotion to the Torneo Argentino B. On the other hand, there is no unique league below this level. Teams were relegated to their original regional leagues.
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550) was 7 years old, when he became Sultan of Golconda, after the death of his father Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, in 1550. Saif Khan, also known as Ainul Mulk, was sent from Ahmednagar for the performance of duties of regent during the boy's development.  But Jamsheed's younger brother Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah returned from Vijayanagara to Golconda, and ascended the throne. Subhan was deposed, and died of illness or was murdered in the same year.

Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali
Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali (29 May 1530 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names Malki Bharama and Ibharama Chakravarti, was the fourth monarch of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India. He was the first of the Qutb Shahi dynasty to use the title "Sultan". He ruled from 1550 to 1580. He lived for seven years in exile at the court of Vijayanagara as an honoured guest of its ruler Rama Raya. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.
Daniel McCallum
Daniel Craig McCallum (January 21, 1815 – December 27, 1878) was a Scottish-born American railroad engineer, general manager of the New York and Erie Railroad and Union Brevet Major General of the United States Military Railroads during the American Civil War, known as one of the early pioneers of management. He set down a group of general principles of management, and is credited for having developed the first modern organizational chart.

Alfred D. Chandler Jr.
Alfred DuPont Chandler Jr. (September 15, 1918 – May 9, 2007) was a professor of business history at Harvard Business School and Johns Hopkins University, who wrote extensively about the scale and the management structures of modern corporations. His works redefined business and economic history of industrialization. He received the Pulitzer Prize for History for The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (1977). He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He has been called "the doyen of American business historians".
La Frontera Formation
The La Frontera Formation (Spanish: Formación La Frontera, K2F, Ksf) is a geological formation, part of the Villeta Group, of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and neighbouring areas of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of limestones and lydites dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian epoch and has a maximum thickness of 206 metres (676 ft).

Fossils of Yaguarasaurus columbianus were said to be found in this formation (listed as "La Frontera Member"), although the geological mapping of the area state the time-equivalent Hondita Formation as the stratigraphic unit present in the Quebradas El Ocal and Itaibe in Huila. The La Frontera Formation does not outcrop south of Cundinamarca. A high diversity of ammonites has been found in the La Frontera Formation.

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
Lodewijk College
The Lodewijk College is a secondary school in Terneuzen, Zeeland, in the region of Zeelandic Flanders (Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Netherlands.  
The school is the result of a merger between "Stedelijk Scholen Gemeenschap de Rede" and the "Zeldenrust-Steelantcollege", and offers education at various levels.

The school organization was named in 2018 after the American astronaut and chemist Lodewijk van den Berg, who was born in Sluiskil.

This general-access regional school with a Christian background provides education to students from Terneuzen and surrounding towns such as Axel, Zaamslag, Sas van Gent, Sluiskil, Westdorpe, and Hoek.

Terneuzen
Terneuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [tərˈnøːzə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With almost 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.
Mungo Park (explorer)
Mungo Park (10 September 1771 – 1806) was a Scottish explorer of West Africa. After an exploration of the upper Niger River around 1796, he wrote a popular and influential travel book titled Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa in which he theorized the Niger and Congo merged to become the same river, though it was later proven that they are different rivers. He was killed during a second expedition, having successfully travelled about two-thirds of the way down the Niger.

If the African Association was the "beginning of the age of African exploration" by Europeans, then Mungo Park was its first successful explorer; he set a standard for all who followed. Park was the first Westerner to have recorded travels in the central portion of the Niger, and through his popular book introduced the European public to a vast unexplored continent which influenced future European explorers and colonial ambitions in Africa.

Richard Lander
Richard Lemon Lander (8 February 1804 – 6 February 1834) was a British explorer of western Africa. He and his brother John were the first Europeans to follow the course of the River Niger, and discover that it led to the Atlantic.
2002 Rose Bowl
The 2002 Rose Bowl, played on January 3, 2002, was a college football bowl game. It was the 88th Rose Bowl game and was the BCS National Championship Game of the 2001 college football season.  The game featured the Miami Hurricanes and the Nebraska Cornhuskers, marking the first time since the 1919 Rose Bowl, and only the third time in the game's history, that neither the Big Ten nor the Pac-10 Conferences had a representative in this game. The Hurricanes won the game, 37–14, for their fifth national title. Miami quarterback Ken Dorsey and wide receiver Andre Johnson were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game.

1919 Rose Bowl
The 1919 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a bowl game played on January 1, 1919, at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California. It was the 5th Rose Bowl Game. With the war just over and college rosters depleted, this post-season East-West game was constructed as a military service team championship, pitting the Mare Island Marines of California and the Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets from Illinois.
Dmitry of Suzdal
Dmitry Konstantinovich (Russian: Дмитрий Константинович; 1323–1383) was Prince of Suzdal and Grand Prince of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal from 1365. He took the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir from his son-in-law, Dmitry Donskoy, from 1360 to 1363. The famous Shuisky family descends from his eldest son, Vasily Kirdyapa.

Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; Russian: Шуйские, romanized: Shuyskiye) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids.

The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ruled as tsar over Russia during the Time of Troubles.
Jacob French
Jacob French (July 15, 1754 – May 1817) was a singing master and one of the first American composers, sometimes called Yankee tunesmiths. "A student of William Billings, French adopted Billings' innovative approach to psalmody ... His music tends to be more complex in its structure, rhythm, and counterpoint than most of his contemporaries." "Along with William Billings, he is regarded as one of the finest composer of anthems in the New England tradition." French's Farewell Anthem appears in Southern Harmony, 1835, as well as The Sacred Harp from 1844 to the present.  He was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts. His brother, Edward, also composed a few tunes.

Some of French's choral music was adapted by American composer John Cage for his Apartment House 1776 and subsequently arranged for string quartet as part of 44 Harmonies by violinist Irvine Arditti. These were recorded and issued by Mode Records along with adaptations by Cage of other Colonial-period hymnists.

Southern Harmony
The Southern Harmony, and Musical Companion is a shape note hymn and tune book compiled by William Walker, first published in 1835. The book is notable for having originated or popularized several hymn tunes found in modern hymnals and shape note collections like The Sacred Harp.
2015 Bridgeport, Connecticut, Democratic mayoral primary
The 2015 Democratic Party primary for Bridgeport, Connecticut was held on September 16, and was held with the intention of choosing the party's candidate for mayor. The primary enjoyed unusually extensive coverage due to the participation of Joseph P. Ganim, a former mayor of the city and convicted felon. The other candidates were incumbent mayor Bill Finch and Mary-Jane Foster.

Lowell Weicker
Lowell Palmer Weicker Jr. (/waɪkər/; May 16, 1931 – June 28, 2023) was an American politician who served as a U.S. representative, U.S. senator, and the 85th governor of Connecticut.

Weicker unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for president in 1980. One of the first Republican members of Congress to express concerns about President Richard Nixon's role in the Watergate scandal, Weicker developed a reputation as a "Rockefeller Republican", eventually leading conservative activists to endorse his opponent Joe Lieberman, a New Democrat, in the 1988 Senate election which he subsequently lost. Weicker later left the Republican Party, and became one of the few third-party candidates to be elected to a state governorship in the United States at the time, doing so on the ticket of A Connecticut Party.
1955 NBA playoffs
The 1955 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1954–55 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Syracuse Nationals defeating the Western Conference champion Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.

This was the only title for the Nationals under that moniker; the franchise won its next title in 1967 as the Philadelphia 76ers.

For the Pistons, this was their first trip to the NBA Finals in franchise history; they returned the next year, but didn't win their first title until 1989 as the Detroit Pistons.

After experimenting with a round robin playoff format in 1954, the NBA moved to a system in which the top team in each conference earned a first-round bye, giving them the right to start out in the division finals. It remained in place until 1967, when it changed to an eight-team format in which all teams played the first round.

1954 NBA playoffs
The 1954 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1953–54 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Minneapolis Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Syracuse Nationals 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.

For the Lakers, it was their third straight NBA title, and fifth in the last six years.

With the folding of the Indianapolis Olympians after the previous year's playoffs, leaving the NBA with nine teams, they resorted to a round-robin playoff format in 1954 for the only time in league history.

Although the Minneapolis Lakers, Fort Wayne Pistons, Rochester Royals and Syracuse Nationals all play in different cities now (Los Angeles, Detroit, Sacramento and Philadelphia respectively), this is the earliest NBA playoff in which every team that participated still exists today.
Bob Moog Foundation
The Bob Moog Memorial Foundation is a non-profit organization created after the death of Dr. Robert Moog in 2005, and officially launched in August 2006. His family established the foundation as "a reflection of Bob Moog's legacy: To educate and inspire people through the power and possibilities of electronic music, and through the intersection of music and science." The foundation is an independent, donor-driven 501(c)(3) organization with no formal affiliations with Moog Music. It is located in Asheville, North Carolina, where Moog spent the last 25 years of his life.

The Bob Moog Foundation's projects include Dr. Bob's SoundSchool, which teaches the science of sound through music, the Bob Moog Foundation Archives, an effort to preserve and protect Dr. Moog's extensive and historic archive and a museum named the "Moogseum," an innovative educational, historic, and cultural facility located in Asheville.

Theremin
The theremin (/ˈθɛrəmɪn/; originally known as the ætherphone, etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the performer (who is known as a thereminist). It is named after its inventor, Leon Theremin, who patented the device in 1928.

The instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that function not as radio antennas but rather as position sensors. Each antenna forms one half of a capacitor with each of the thereminist's hands as the other half of the capacitor. These antennas capacitively sense the relative position of the hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.

The sound of the instrument is often associated with eerie situations.
University of Wisconsin-Madison Hodags
The University of Wisconsin–Madison Ultimate Frisbee team was founded in the 1976/1977 school year. The Hodags participate in the USA Ultimate D1 Men's College Division with notable successes including Championships in 2003, 2007, and 2008 and Dan Heijmen winning the Callahan award in 2007 along with a record-setting 23 consecutive appearances at the USAU D1 Men's College Championship Tournament between 2000 and 2022.

Despite ultimate frisbee being a club sport and fighting for legitimacy as a university recognized and funded NCAA sport, the Hodags train and practice regularly at UW–Madison and external facilities and travel and compete nationally at tournaments throughout the school year with the primary season being in the Spring. Hodag games and highlights have been televised by the CBS Sports Network between 2003 and 2012 and ESPN from 2013 through today.

Hodag
In American folklore, the hodag is a fearsome critter resembling a large bull-horned carnivore with a row of thick curved spines down its back. The hodag was said to be born from the ashes of cremated oxen, as the incarnation of the accumulation of abuse the animals had suffered at the hands of their masters. The history of the hodag is strongly tied to Rhinelander, Wisconsin, where it was claimed to have been discovered. The hodag has figured prominently in early Paul Bunyan stories.
European hip-hop
European hip hop refers to hip hop music and culture originating from Europe. Emerging in the 1980s following the genre's popularity in the United States, European hip hop has evolved into a diverse and influential musical movement. It encompasses a wide range of styles and subgenres, reflecting the continent's varied cultural landscapes and the experiences of both ethnic nationals and immigrant communities. Notable regional scenes include British hip hop and grime, German hip hop featuring both ethnic German and Turkish artists, and French hip hop, which has undergone several distinct eras of development. Other countries such as the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, and Romania have also produced significant hip hop scenes, each with its own unique characteristics and prominent artists.

Beogradski Sindikat
Beogradski Sindikat (Serbian Cyrillic: Београдски Синдикат, English: Belgrade Syndicate) is a Serbian hip-hop collective from Belgrade, Serbia. Beogradski Sindikat is one of the pioneers of the second wave of Serbian hip-hop. The band is known for its socially critical lyrics, especially in relation to political corruption, propaganda and bad governance in Serbia and the Balkans. Other main themes are the idealization of friendly togetherness, a sense of belonging to the city of Belgrade, and patriotism towards Serbian culture and the Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as the rejection of foreign political influence on Serbia. Due to their critical nature, Milo Đukanović, the president of Montenegro, called the group's lyrics an insult to honor.
Pokuttia
Pokuttia, also known as  Pokuttya or Pokutia, (Ukrainian: Покуття; Polish: Pokucie; Romanian: Pocuția) is a historical area of East-Central Europe, situated between the Dniester and Cheremosh rivers and the Carpathian Mountains, in the southwestern part of modern Ukraine. Although the historic heart of the area was Kolomyia, the name Pokuttia (literally 'around the corner') is derived from the town of Kuty, which literally means 'angles' or 'corners'. The region is now inhabited mainly by Ukrainians.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Baegunsan (Gangwon and Gyeonggi)
Baegunsan (Korean: 백운산) or Mount Baegun is a mountain in South Korea. Its area extends across Pocheon, Gyeonggi Province and into Hwacheon County, Gangwon Province. Baegunsan has an elevation of 904.4 m (2,967 ft).

Hwacheon County
Hwacheon County (Korean: 화천군; RR: Hwacheon-gun) is a county in the state of Gangwon-do, South Korea. The northern border is, in some places, within nine kilometres of the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Neighboring counties are Cheorwon to the northwest and north, Yanggu to the east, Chuncheon to the south, and the Gyeonggi-do province to the southwest. The county consists largely of mountains and rivers, between which are small farming communities, military bases and military training grounds. The area is renowned for its rivers, lake trout, indigenous otters, and natural scenery.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives.

Relatively little scholarly research was published on irreligion until around the year 2010.

Phil Zuckerman
Philip Joseph Zuckerman is a sociologist and professor of sociology and secular studies at Pitzer College in Claremont, California. He specializes in the sociology of substantial secularity and is the author of eight books, including Beyond Doubt: The Secularization of Society (2023) What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life (2019).