hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gemma Davison
Gemma Suzanne Davison (born 17 April 1987) is an English professional football coach and former forward, currently serving as a coach for Chelsea F.C. Women. She has previously played for Aston Villa, Tottenham Hotspur and Reading whom she joined from Chelsea in 2018. After joining Arsenal at youth team level from Watford Ladies, Davison became a regular player and won several trophies. She also spent time in the United States playing for various American clubs in three separate spells. Davison is a full senior international player for the England women's national football team.

Women's Professional Soccer
Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) was the top-level professional women's soccer league in the United States. It began play on March 29, 2009. The league was composed of seven teams for its first two seasons and fielded six teams for the 2011 season, with continued plans for future expansion. The WPS was the highest level in the United States soccer pyramid for the women's game.

On January 30, 2012, the league announced suspension of the 2012 season, citing several internal organization struggles as the primary cause. Some of these issues included an ongoing legal battle with magicJack owner Dan Borislow and the lack of resources invested into the league. On May 18, 2012, WPS announced the league folded and would not return in 2013. After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League formed in 2013 and took WPS's place as the top professional women's soccer league in the United States.
McCaffrey House
The McCaffrey House is an historic building located in Le Claire, Iowa, United States, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. The property is part of the Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource, which covers the homes of men from LeClaire who worked on the Mississippi River as riverboat captains, pilots, builders and owners. It is also a contributing property in the Cody Road Historic District.

Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource
The Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource (TR) is a multiple property submission to the National Register of Historic Places which was approved on April 13, 1979.  The structures are all located in the town of  LeClaire in Scott County, Iowa, United States.
Thylacinus yorkellus
Thylacinus yorkellus is an extinct species of carnivorous marsupial from South Australia that lived during the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. It is sister species to the recently extinct Thylacinus cynocephalus, the Tasmanian tiger, both of which existed on mainland Australia.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Crop residue
Crop residues are waste materials generated by agriculture. The two types are:

Field residues are materials left in an agricultural field or orchard after the crop has been harvested. These residues include stalks and stubble (stems), leaves and seed pods. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned first. In contrast, no-till, strip-till or reduced-till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover.

Process residues are materials left after the crop is processed into a usable resource. These residues include husks, seeds, bagasse, molasses  and roots. They can be used as animal fodder and soil amendment, fertilizers and in manufacturing.

Nutrient cycle
A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually recycle along with other mineral nutrients into productive ecological nutrition.
Nurton
Nurton is a hamlet in the South Staffordshire District, in the English county of Staffordshire. Nearby settlements include the city of Wolverhampton and the villages of Perton and Pattingham.

52°35′31″N 2°14′21″W﻿ / ﻿52.5919°N 2.2391°W﻿ / 52.5919; -2.2391

Pattingham
Pattingham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Pattingham and Patshull, in the South Staffordshire district, in the county of Staffordshire, England, near the county boundary with Shropshire. Pattingham is seven miles west of Wolverhampton and seven and a half miles east of Bridgnorth. In 2021 it had a population of 1773.
Ken Raymond
Kenneth Norman Raymond (born January 7, 1942) is a bioinorganic and coordination chemist. He is Chancellor's Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, Professor of the Graduate School, the Director of the Seaborg Center in the Chemical Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the President and Chairman of Lumiphore.

Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated, siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants.
Takasago International Corporation
Takasago International Corporation (高砂香料工業株式会社, Takasago Kōryō Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a major international producer of flavours and fragrances headquartered in Japan, with presence in 27 countries and regions worldwide. Takasago ranked 8th overall and 1st in Asia on the Global Top Food Flavours and Fragrances Companies list published by FoodTalks in 2021.

Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), abbreviated as Tosho (東証) or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan.

The exchange is owned by Japan Exchange Group (JPX), a holding company that it also lists (TYO: 8697), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (now Osaka Exchange, Inc.); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.
East Baltimore Midway, Baltimore
East Baltimore Midway is a neighborhood in the Eastern district of Baltimore, Maryland. Its boundaries are the south side of 25th Street, the east side of Greenmount Avenue, the west side of Harford Road, and the north side of North Avenue.

The neighborhood lies East of Barclay, North of Oliver, South of Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello, and West of Clifton Park. Though the area was once considered middle-class, it has in the 20th century experienced economic depression, housing abandonment, and increased crime. The neighborhood was affected by the Baltimore riot of 1968. Its residents are largely poor and working-class African Americans.

Baltimore riot of 1968
The Baltimore riot of 1968 was a period of civil unrest that lasted from April 6 to April 14, 1968, in Baltimore. The uprising included crowds filling the streets, burning and looting local businesses, and confronting the police and national guard.

The immediate cause of the riot was the April 4 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, which triggered unrest in over 100 cities across the United States. These events are sometimes described as the Holy Week Uprising.

Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, called out thousands of National Guard troops and 500 Maryland State Police to quell the disturbance. When it was determined that the state forces could not control the rebellion, Agnew requested Federal troops from President Lyndon B. Johnson.
The Ambition of Oda Nobuna
The Ambition of Oda Nobuna (織田信奈の野望; Oda Nobuna no Yabō) is a Japanese light novel series written by Mikage Kasuga and illustrated by Miyama-Zero. It was adapted into an anime television series animated by Madhouse and Studio Gokumi that aired from July to September 2012. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the series released it with an English dub in December 2014.

SB Creative
SB Creative Corp. (SBクリエイティブ株式会社, Esubī Kurieitibu Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese publishing company and a subsidiary of the SoftBank telecommunications company. It was founded in 1999 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
John Rigby (mathematician)
John Frankland Rigby (22 April 1933 – 29 December 2014) was an English mathematician and academic of the University College of South Wales, Cardiff, when it was part of the University of Wales, and of its successor Cardiff University.

Working in the field of geometry, he became an authority on the relationship between maths and ornamental art and was national Secretary of the Mathematical Association from 1989 to 1996.

The Mathematical Gazette
The Mathematical Gazette is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Association for Mathematics in Education. It covers mathematics education with a focus on upper secondary school through to early-stage university study.

The journal was established in 1894 by Edward Mann Langley as the successor to the Reports of the Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching. William John Greenstreet was its editor-in-chief for more than thirty years (1897–1930). Since July 2025, the editor is Peter Rowlett.
Extraordinary You
Extraordinary You (Korean: 어쩌다 발견한 하루) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Kim Hye-yoon, Rowoon, Lee Jae-wook, Lee Na-eun, Jung Gun-joo, Kim Young-dae, and Lee Tae-ri. It is based on the webtoon July Found by Chance which was first published in January 2018 on Daum Webtoon. The series aired on MBC TV's Wednesdays and Thursdays 21:00 (KST) time slot from October 2 to November 21, 2019.

Daum (web portal)
Daum (Korean: 다음) is a South Korean web portal. Daum was founded in 1995 and launched on December 20th, 1995 by the company Daum Communications.  It also offers a variety of services, including cloud storage (Daum Cloud), Daum Dictionary (for mobile devices), Daum Comics, and map service (Daum Maps).

Daum Kakao is the company behind the Kakao messaging service and Daum is a Korean web portal with many services.
2024 Nonthaburi Challenger III
The 2024 Nonthaburi Challenger III was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 9th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nonthaburi, Thailand from 15 to 21 January 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Projective line
In projective geometry and mathematics more generally, a projective line is, roughly speaking, the extension of a usual line by a point called a point at infinity. The statement and the proof of many theorems of geometry are simplified by the resulting elimination of special cases; for example, two distinct projective lines in a projective plane meet in exactly one point (there is no "parallel" case).

There are many equivalent ways to formally define a projective line; one of the most common is to define a projective line over a field K, commonly denoted P1(K), as the set of one-dimensional subspaces of a two-dimensional K-vector space. This definition is a special instance of the general definition of a projective space.

The projective line over the reals is a manifold; see Real projective line for details.

Birational geometry
In mathematics, birational geometry is a field of algebraic geometry in which the goal is to determine when two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets. This amounts to studying mappings that are given by rational functions rather than polynomials; the map may fail to be defined where the rational functions have poles.
Cronartium quercuum
Cronartium quercuum, also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) trees.  Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine.

Aecium
An aecium (plural aecia) is a specialised reproductive structure found in some plant pathogenic rust fungi that produce aeciospores. Aecia may also be referred to as "cluster cups". The term aecidium (plural aecidia) is used interchangeably but is not preferred.

In some rust fungi such as Phragmidium, aecia lack an outer wall structure (a peridium) but instead produce a diffuse aecium called a caeoma.

In some species of rust fungi with a life cycle including two different host plants, the binucleate spores produced in the aecia cannot infect the current plant host, but must infect a different plant species.
Barbados Red Cross Society
The Barbados Red Cross Society was founded in 1960 as part of the British Red Cross. The Parliament of Barbados passed the Barbados Red Cross Society Act in 1966, the same year that Barbados became a country independent of the United Kingdom.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Greatest Hits (Freda Payne album)
Greatest Hits is a collection of songs recorded by Freda Payne for the label of Invictus Records. Like many collections of Payne's music, it begins with her biggest hit "Band of Gold." It contains all eight singles from that label, along with four album tracks. It mistakenly says that the ninth track is "I'm Not Getting Any Better," as it is actually two songs put together: "I'm Not Getting Any Better" and "Suddenly It's Yesterday." Both of these songs were written by Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier. Inside the album cover are liner notes from Eddie Holland along with a brief history of Freda Payne's life and career that mainly focuses on her career with Invictus Records. It was rated 4.5 stars by AllMusic.

Invictus Records
Invictus Records was an American record label based in Detroit, Michigan. It was created by former top Motown producers Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier and Edward Holland, Jr. (known collectively as Holland–Dozier–Holland).  It was the sister label to the Buddah-distributed Hot Wax Records, which was also owned by Holland-Dozier-Holland.
MTS Oceanos
32°07′15″S 29°07′13″E﻿ / ﻿32.12083°S 29.12028°E﻿ / -32.12083; 29.12028﻿ (Oceanos wreck)

MTS Oceanos was a French-built and Greek-owned cruise ship that sank in 1991 when it suffered uncontrolled flooding. Her captain, Yiannis Avranas, and some of the crew fled the ship without helping the passengers; they were later convicted of negligence. The ship's entertainers made a mayday transmission, launched lifeboats, and helped South African Marines land on the ship from naval helicopters. The entertainer Moss Hill’s actions enabled the rescue of all 571 passengers and crew and attracted international headlines.

Epirotiki Lines had lost two other ships within the three preceding years: the company's flagship Pegasus only two months before, and MV Jupiter, three years before.

Apollon XI
Apollon XI was an Epirotiki Lines cruise ship, which was named after both the Greek sun god Apollo and the Apollo 11 mission that landed the first humans on the Moon.

Initially it was built as a passenger ship under the name Irish Coast for Coast Lines Ltd, Glasgow. She was chartered by Burns & Laird Lines Ltd. for the service between Belfast and Liverpool, also from Cork to Fishguard, Dublin to Liverpool and for the service Glasgow – Dublin – Liverpool.

In 1968 she was acquired by Epirotiki and changed several names (Orpheus in 1968, then Semiramis II and Achilleus in 1969) until she took the final name Apollon XI (or Apollon 11) and was rebuilt as a cruise ship. She was used for cruises in the Aegean Sea, in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Antilles (Caribbean Sea) and in Africa. In 1982 she was renamed to Regency. On 11 October 1989, she ran aground due to the typhoon Dan and was subsequently towed to Manila (Philippines) for demolition.
HD 87643
HD 87643 is a B[e] binary star embedded in a reflection nebula.

The system is described as having "one of the most extreme infrared excesses for this object class". It harbours a large amount of both hot and cold dust, and is surrounded by a debris disk with radius 2.5-3 AU and an extended reflection nebula. and is important for astronomers in their study of stellar formation.

All the properties of HD 87643 are highly uncertain.  Its distance has been estimated anywhere from one to six kpc. In 1996, Carol Anne Grady et al. announced that the star is a variable star. It was given its variable star designation, V640 Carinae, in 2008. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars classifies it as an Orion variable, a pre-main sequence star, but other authors consider it to be a supergiant B[e] star.  It has been confirmed to be a binary star system with the two stars separated by about 52 AU, but the nature of the companion is unknown.

B(e) star
A B[e] star, frequently called a B[e]-type star, is a B-type star with distinctive forbidden neutral or low ionisation emission lines in its spectrum. The designation results from combining the spectral class B, the lowercase e denoting emission in the spectral classification system, and the surrounding square brackets signifying forbidden lines. These stars frequently also show strong hydrogen emission lines, but this feature is present in a variety of other stars and is not sufficient to classify a B[e] object. Other observational characteristics include optical linear polarization and often infrared radiation that is much stronger than in ordinary B-class stars, called infrared excess. As the B[e] nature is transient, B[e]-type stars might exhibit a normal B-type spectrum at times, and hitherto normal B-type stars may become B[e]-type stars.
Tschuggen
The Tschuggen is a mountain of the Plessur Alps, overlooking Arosa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

A gondola lift and a chairlift link the top of the mountain with the town and resort of Arosa — the base station of the chairlift is near to Arosa railway station.

Near the summit are located an observatory and a mountain hut.

Plessur Alps
The Plessur Alps are a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and are considered to be part of the Western Rhaetian Alps. They are named after the river Plessur, which originates from the center of the ranges. The Plessur Alps are separated from the Glarus Alps in the west by the Rhine valley; from the Rätikon range in the north by the Landquart river valley (Prättigau); from the Albula Alps in the south-east by the Landwasser river valley; from the Oberhalbstein Alps in the south by the Albula river valley.

The Plessur Alps are drained by the rivers Rhine, Plessur, Landwasser and Landquart. The Arosa ski resort lies in the middle of the range.

Peaks of the Plessur Alps are the Aroser Rothorn (highest, 2,980 m (9,780 ft)) and Stätzerhorn (2,576 m (8,451 ft)).

The 2,377-metre (7,799 ft) Strela Pass is one of the major mountain passes in the range, and runs from Davos to Langwies.
Diocese of Cortona
The Diocese of Cortona was a Catholic Churchecclesiastical territory in central Italy, which existed from 1325 to 1986. It was immediately subject to the Holy See.

In 1986 the diocese of Cortona was united with the Diocese of Sansepolcro and the Diocese of  Arezzo to form the diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro. It became a suffragan (subordinate) diocese of the Metropolitan archdiocese of Florence.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
William De Morgan
William Frend De Morgan (16 November 1839 – 15 January 1917) was an English potter, tile designer and novelist. A lifelong friend of William Morris, he designed tiles, stained glass and furniture for Morris & Co. from 1863 to 1872. His tiles often recall medieval or Islamic design patterns. He applied innovative glazes and firing techniques. Galleons and fish were common motifs, as were "fantastical" birds and animals. Many of De Morgan's tiles were designed to create intricate patterns when several were laid together.

Morris & Co.
Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. (1861–1875) was a furnishings and decorative arts manufacturer and retailer founded by the artist and designer William Morris with friends from the Pre-Raphaelites. With its successor Morris & Co. (1875–1940) the firm's medieval-inspired aesthetic and respect for hand-craftsmanship and traditional textile arts had a profound influence on the decoration of churches and houses into the early 20th century.

Although its most influential period was during the flourishing of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the 1880s and 1890s, Morris & Co. remained in operation in a limited fashion from World War I until its closure in 1940.  The firm's designs are still sold today under licences given to Sanderson & Sons, part of the Walker Greenbank wallpaper and fabrics business (which owns the "Morris & Co." brand,) and to Liberty of London.
Eochaid mac Áeda Find
Eochaid mac Áeda Find is a supposed King of Dál Riata found in some rare High Medieval king-lists and in older history books.

Supposedly a son of Áed Find (died 778) and successor to Áed's brother Fergus mac Echdach.

Fergus mac Echdach
Fergus mac Echdach was king of Dál Riata (modern western Scotland) from about 778 until 781.

He succeeded Áed Find. He is stated to have been a son of Eochaid mac Echdach, and thus a brother of Áed. Some much later sources make him a son of Áed, but this is not credited by modern studies. His death is noticed in 781 by the Annals of Ulster.

The next reported king of Dál Riata is Donncoirce.