hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Cohen–Macaulay ring
In algebra, a generalized Cohen–Macaulay ring is a commutative Noetherian local ring  of Krull dimension d > 0 that satisfies any of the following equivalent conditions:

For each integer , the length of the i-th local cohomology of A is finite:
.

where the sup is over all parameter ideals  and  is the multiplicity of .

There is an -primary ideal  such that for each system of parameters  in ,

For each prime ideal  of  that is not ,  and  is Cohen–Macaulay.

The last condition implies that the localization  is Cohen–Macaulay for each prime ideal .

A standard example is the local ring at the vertex of an affine cone over a smooth projective variety. Historically, the notion grew up out of the study of a Buchsbaum ring, a Noetherian local ring A in which  is constant for -primary ideals ; see the introduction of.

Local ring
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, local rings are certain rings that are comparatively simple, and serve to describe what is called "local behaviour", in the sense of functions defined on algebraic varieties or manifolds, or of algebraic number fields examined at a particular place, or prime. Local algebra is the branch of commutative algebra that studies commutative local rings and their modules.

In practice, a commutative local ring often arises as the result of the localization of a ring at a prime ideal.

The concept of local rings was introduced by Wolfgang Krull in 1938 under the name Stellenringe.  The English term local ring is due to Zariski.
Marvel Feature
Marvel Feature was a comic book showcase series published by Marvel Comics in the 1970s. It was a tryout book, intended to test the popularity of characters and concepts being considered for their own series. The first volume led to the launch of The Defenders and Marvel Two-in-One, while volume two led to an ongoing Red Sonja series.

Comics anthology
A comics anthology collects works in the medium of comics, typically from multiple series, and compiles them into an anthology or magazine. The comics in these anthologies range from comic strips that are too short for standalone publication to comic book chapters that might later be compiled into collected comic book volumes (such as manga tankobon and comic albums).
Ram Prasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciationⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Hindi under pen names Ram, Agyat अज्ञात (anonymous) and Bismil (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. Pandit was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.

Har Dayal
Lala Har Dayal Mathur (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 – 4 March 1939) was an Indian nationalist revolutionary and freedom fighter. He was a polymath who turned down a career in the Indian Civil Service. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the U.S. in their campaign against British rule in India during the First World War.
Longwood, County Meath
Longwood, historically called Moydervy (Irish: Maigh Dearmhaí), is a village in southwest County Meath, Ireland. It is located about 15 km south of the town of Trim on the R160 regional road. It is about 50 km from Dublin, off the N4 road. In the early years of the 21st century the population of Longwood increased dramatically, with the population more than trebling from 480 inhabitants as of the 2002 census, to 1,581 people as of the 2016 census; the 2016 census indicated that 65% of homes in the village (317 of 488 households) were built between 2001 and 2010.

2016 census of Ireland
The 2016 census of Ireland was held Sunday, 24th April 2016. It was organised by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and reported a total population of 4,761,865, or a 3.8% increase since the prior 2011 census. This was the lowest recorded population growth rate since the 1991 census, with the decline in population growth rates attributed to both lower birth rates and lower net migration. The census results were released gradually between April and December 2017 in a series of reports organised either as summaries or in-depth results of specific themes, like age, ethnicity, or religion.

The following census took place in April 2022, having been delayed for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
At-Taqwa Mosque, Cirebon
At-Taqwa Mosque or At-Taqwa Grand Mosque is a historical mosque in the city of Cirebon, West Java, founded in 1918. Today it is one of the congregational mosques in Cirebon and considered an icon of the city. The mosque also provides Islamic learning as well as public services such as blood donation and a free ambulance.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Deputy Under Secretary for Operations, NOAA
The office of Deputy Under Secretary for Operations (DUSO) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been in existence since 2012, but became an important role at NOAA with the appointment of Vice Admiral Michael S. Devany in 2014, the first NOAA Corps officer to hold that rank since Henry A. Karo in 1942. The DUSO would also be the daily director of operations in charge of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Ocean Service, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Weather Service, Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, and the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps.

In 2020, NOAA issued administrative order NAO 200-3B that outlines the position of DUSO.

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to operate and manage the United States environmental satellite programs, and manage the data gathered by the National Weather Service and other government agencies and departments.
Sribu
Sribu.com is an Indonesia-based online marketplace for freelance services that connects businesses with curated freelancers across creative, marketing, and technology categories. Founded in 2011 and headquartered in Jakarta, the company began as a crowdsourced design marketplace and later expanded through Sribulancer, a product for project-based freelance work.

CGV Cinemas Indonesia
PT Graha Layar Prima Tbk (d/b/a CGV Cinemas Indonesia; formerly BlitzMegaplex from 2006–2015 and CGV Blitz from 2015–2017) is a cinema chain in Indonesia. The chain was founded as BlitzMegaplex in October 2006. Today, it operates over 72 cinemas, with 411 screens across 34 cities in Indonesia.
Mount Lindesay, Western Australia
Mount Lindesay is a rural locality of the Shire of Denmark in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The Denmark River forms the locality's western boundary. Mount Lindesay is almost completely covered by the Mount Lindesay National Park and the actual mountain, Mount Lindesay, is located in the south-west of the locality.

Mount Lindesay is on the traditional land of the Noongar.

Despite its name, the heritage listed Mount Lindesay School Group 101, a one-teacher school from the Group Settlement Scheme era of the region, is located in neighbouring Scotsdale and not Mount Lindesay. It operated intermittently from 1926 to 1943, initially as the Group 101 School, until renamed to Mount Lindesay School in 1940.

Shire of Denmark
The Shire of Denmark is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Albany and about 420 kilometres (261 mi) south-southeast of the state capital, Perth. The Shire of Denmark covers an area of 1,860 square kilometres (718 sq mi), and its seat of government is located in the townsite and locality of Denmark.
Lepcha people
The Lepcha (/ˈlɛptʃə/; also called Rongkup (Lepcha: ᰕᰫ་ᰊᰪᰰ་ᰆᰧᰶ ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰀᰪᰱ ᰛᰪᰮ་ᰀᰪᰱ, Mútuncí Róngkup Rumkup, "beloved children of the Róng and of God") and Rongpa (Sikkimese: རོང་པ)) are among the indigenous people of the Indian state of Sikkim as well as the bordering Darjeeling and Kalimpong in the state of West Bengal, and in the neighbouring country of Nepal. They number around 80,000. Many Lepcha are also found in western and southwestern Bhutan, Darjeeling, the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal, and in the hills of West Bengal. The Lepcha people are composed of four main distinct communities: the Renjóngmú of Sikkim; the Dámsángmú of Kalimpong, Kurseong, and Mirik; the ʔilámmú of Ilam District, Nepal; and the Promú of Samtse and Chukha in southwestern Bhutan.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Monaghan GAA
The Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Mhuineacháin) or Monaghan GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Monaghan and the Monaghan county football and hurling teams. Separate county boards are responsible for the promotion & development of handball, camogie and ladies' football within the county, as well as having responsibility for their representative county players/teams. The current team sponsor of Monaghan GAA is Activ8 Solar Energies.

Derry GAA
The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Dhoire) or Derry GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland. It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland (the GAA refers to the county as Derry). The county board is also responsible for the Derry county teams.

Football is the most popular of the county board's Gaelic games. The county football team won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) in 1993; it was the fourth from the province of Ulster to do so, following Cavan, Donegal and Down. The county team has also won seven National League titles and nine Ulster Championship titles.

However, Derry is also regarded as a small dual county.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Derry had slightly more than over 9,100 players.
Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)
Vishnugupta Chandraditya (Gupta script:  Vi-ṣ-ṇu-gu-pta,) was one of the lesser-known kings of the Gupta Dynasty. He is generally considered to be the last recognized king of the Gupta Empire. His reign lasted 10 years, from 540 to 550 CE. From the fragment of his clay sealing discovered at Nalanda during the excavations of 1927–28, it is revealed that he was the son of Kumaragupta III and the grandson of Narasimhagupta.

The last (the Damodarpur copper-plate inscription), in which he makes a land grant in the area of Kotivarsha (Bangarh in West Bengal) in 542/543 CE. This follows the occupation of most of northern and central India by the Aulikara ruler Yashodharman circa 532 CE.

Narasimhagupta
Narasimhagupta (Gupta script:  Na-ra-si-ṅha-gu-pta) Baladitya was the Gupta Emperor from 495 to 530. He was son of Purugupta and probably the successor of Budhagupta. Hiuen Tsang refers to him as the king of Magadha.
Randomised decision rule
In statistical decision theory, a randomised decision rule or mixed decision rule is a decision rule that associates probabilities with deterministic decision rules. In finite decision problems, randomised decision rules define a risk set which is the convex hull of the risk points of the nonrandomised decision rules.

As nonrandomised alternatives always exist to randomised Bayes rules, randomisation is not needed in Bayesian statistics, although frequentist statistical theory sometimes requires the use of randomised rules to satisfy optimality conditions such as minimax, most notably when deriving confidence intervals and hypothesis tests about discrete probability distributions.

A statistical test making use of a randomized decision rule is called a randomized test.

Frequentist inference
Frequentist inference is a type of statistical inference based in frequentist probability, which treats "probability" in equivalent terms to "frequency" and draws conclusions from sample-data by means of emphasizing the frequency or proportion of findings in the data. Frequentist inference underlies frequentist statistics, in which the well-established methodologies of statistical hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are founded.
Tax uncertainty
Tax uncertainty is the term for the economic risk that results when future taxes and tax rates are undetermined. Similar to policy uncertainty, tax uncertainty can impact both individuals and businesses and has been shown in some studies to slow rates of economic growth.

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.
2024 Japan heatwaves
In 2024, Japan experienced excessive heat beginning in April, which led to at least 59 heat-related deaths and at least 62 temperature observation posts across Japan breaking temperature records in July. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the average temperatures reached during the heat waves represented the hottest for Japan in April and July since its record-keeping began in 1898.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省, Kōsei-rōdō-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Health and Labour'; MHLW) is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government. It is commonly known as Kōrō-shō (厚労省) in Japan. The ministry provides services on health, labour and welfare.

The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare is a member of the Cabinet and is chosen by the Prime Minister, typically from among members of the Diet.
RNA silencing
RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing mechanisms are conserved among most eukaryotes.  The most common and well-studied example is RNA interference (RNAi), in which endogenously expressed microRNA (miRNA) or exogenously derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the degradation of complementary messenger RNA. Other classes of small RNA have been identified, including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA).

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Louis Sobol
Louis Sobol (August 10, 1896 – February 9, 1986) was a journalist, Broadway gossip columnist, and radio host. Sobol wrote for Hearst newspapers for forty years, and was considered one of the country's most popular columnists. Sobol wrote about celebrities during the years when well-known columnists themselves became celebrities.

New York Journal-American
Includes coverage of New York Journal-American and its predecessors New York Journal, The Journal, New York American and New York Evening Journal

The New York Journal-American was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 to 1966. The Journal-American was the product of a merger between two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst: the New York American (originally the New York Journal, renamed American in 1901), a morning paper, and the New York Evening Journal, an afternoon paper. Both were published by Hearst from 1895 to 1937. The American and Evening Journal merged in 1937.
13 Scorpii
13 Scorpii, also known by its Bayer designation c2 Scorpii, is a binary star in the constellation Scorpius.  Its apparent magnitude is 4.57, meaning it can be faintly seen with the naked eye. Based on parallax estimates made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, the system is located about 480 light-years (147 parsecs) away. It is located within the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association.

13 Scorpii is a spectroscopic binary, meaning the two stars are too close to be individually resolved, but periodic Doppler shifts in the star's spectrum indicate there must be orbital motion. In this case, light from only one of its stars can be detected and it is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. The two have an orbital period of 5.7805 days and an eccentricity of 0.19. The primary star, at 11 million years old, is a B-type main-sequence star with a spectral type of B2V. While the primary's mass is estimated to be about 7.8 M☉, its companion is thought to have a mass of 1.12 M☉.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Flavone
Flavone is an organic compound with the formula C6H4OC3H(Ph)O. A white solid, flavone is a derivative of chromone with a phenyl (Ph) substituent adjacent to the ether group.  The compound is of little direct practical importance, but substituted derivatives, the flavones and  flavonoids are a large class of nutritionally important natural products. Flavone can be prepared in the laboratory by cyclization of 2-hydroxacetophenone.  Isomeric with flavone is isoflavone, where the phenyl group is adjacent to the ketone.

Flavones
Flavones (from Latin flavus "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) (as shown in the first image of this article).

Flavones are common in foods, mainly from spices, and some yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. Common flavones include apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), tangeritin (4',5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone), chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), and 6-hydroxyflavone.
Bobby Hutton
Robert James Hutton (April 21, 1950 – April 6, 1968), also known as "Lil' Bobby," was the treasurer and first recruit to join the Black Panther Party. Alongside Eldridge Cleaver and other Panthers, he was involved in a confrontation with Oakland police that wounded two officers. Hutton was killed by the police in disputed circumstances. Cleaver stated Hutton was shot while surrendering with his hands up, while police stated he ignored commands and tried to flee.

West Oakland, Oakland, California
37°48′43″N 122°17′42″W﻿ / ﻿37.81194°N 122.29500°W﻿ / 37.81194; -122.29500

West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland, California, United States, situated west of Downtown Oakland, south of Emeryville, and north of Alameda. The neighborhood is located along the waterfront at the Port of Oakland and at the eastern end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. It lies at an elevation of 13 feet (4 m). Until today, West Oakland remains a predominately African-American neighborhood with just small minorities.
CJAX-FM
CJAX-FM (96.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia. Owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, it broadcasts an adult hits format branded as "Jack 96.9". Its studios are at 2440 Ash Street in the Fairview neighbourhood of Vancouver. CJAX was the first conventional radio station in North America to adopt the "Jack" branding, officially classified as "variety hits" or "adult hits". Most "Jack" stations play a wide mix of music from the late 60s through the 90s, as well as some current and recent adult contemporary and hot adult contemporary singles.

CJAX-FM is a Class C station with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 32,000 watts (70,000 watts maximum). The transmitter is atop Mount Seymour in the District of North Vancouver. Programming is simulcast on a 1,430-watt repeater, 96.9 CJAX-FM-1 in Whistler.

Rogers Radio
Rogers Radio is a division of Rogers Sports & Media (a subsidiary of Rogers Communications) that specializes in the radio broadcasting industry. Rogers Radio is Canada's fourth-largest commercial radio broadcaster after Stingray Radio, Vista Radio and Bell Media Radio, the fifth being Corus, and the largest based in Ontario.

As of January 2015, the company owns and operates 52 radio stations (44 FM and 8 AM) in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Ontario. They had previously owned two stations in New Brunswick; however, they were sold to other companies in 2015.

Rogers Radio currently operates stations under the Jack FM, KiSS FM, Sportsnet Radio, NewsRadio, Country and SONiC RADiO brands as well as several local branding.