hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Logonym
Logonym is a polysemic term, and a neologism (coined from Greek: λόγος / word, and Greek: ὄνομα / name). The term has several meanings, spanning across different fields of study. It was primarily defined as a term that designates various types of titles, including titles of literary and other artistic works, and also came to designate titles of business firms and their products, including their acronyms.  The term also has a specific meaning in biological classification, and some authors have used the term as an alternative designation for the proper names of languages, but such use could not replace previously established onomastic terms (linguonyms, glossonyms, glottonyms), that are commonly used as designations for the onomastic class of language names.

Onomastics
Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use.

An alethonym ('true name') or an orthonym ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onomastic study. Scholars studying onomastics are called onomasticians.

Onomastics has applications in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within populations and for the purpose of prosopography.
Niagara Falls peace conference
The Niagara Falls peace conference, sometimes referred to as the ABC Conference, started on May 20, 1914, when representatives from Argentina, Brazil and Chile—the ABC Powers—met in Niagara Falls, Canada, for diplomatic negotiations in order to avoid war between the United States and Mexico, during the era of the Mexican Revolution.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
Durgauti railway station
Durgauti railway station is a railway station situated on the Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section under East Central Railway zone. It is located at Durgauti in Kaimur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section
The Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section, formerly Gaya–Mughalsarai section , is a railway line connecting Gaya Junction and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. This 197-kilometre (122 mi) track is part of the Grand Chord, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. This section includes Arrah-Sasaram and Son Nagar branch lines. It is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.
Eggleston, Virginia
Eggleston is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Giles County, Virginia, United States. Eggleston is located along the New River, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-southeast of Pembroke. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 143.

Eggleston has a post office with ZIP code 24086.

It lies at an elevation of 1,821 feet.

Pembroke, Virginia
Pembroke  ( /ˈpɪmbrʊk/ PIM-bruuk) is a town in Giles County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Pembroke had a population of 1,152. It is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area.

Pembroke is home to the Mountain Lake Lodge that was featured in Dirty Dancing.
Clark Sanitary Landfill
15°17′59.2″N 120°31′22.2″E﻿ / ﻿15.299778°N 120.522833°E﻿ / 15.299778; 120.522833

The Clark Sanitary Landfill is a landfill at the Clark Special Economic Zone in Capas, Tarlac managed and operated by the Metro Clark Waste Management Corp. It stores and process waste from the Clark area as well as other areas in Central and Northern Luzon.

Angeles City
Angeles (locally [ˈaŋhɛlɛs]), officially the City of Angeles (Kapampangan: Ciudad ning Angeles; Filipino: Lungsod ng Angeles), is a  highly urbanized city in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 483,452 people.

Angeles is the largest city of Pampanga. While politically independent from the province, it is usually grouped by the Philippine Statistics Authority therewith for statistical purposes.

Angeles City is the urban core of Metro Clark, an urban area in Pampanga. This area, also known as Metro Angeles, is considered the industrial and residential heartland of Central Luzon. Metro Clark-Angeles is also identified as a regional center by the national government.
Ain't but the One Way
Ain't but the One Way is the tenth and final studio album by American funk band Sly and the Family Stone, released by Warner Bros. Records in September 1982. The album began its existence as a collaborative project between Sly Stone and George Clinton, a sequel to Stone's appearance on the 1981 Funkadelic album The Electric Spanking of War Babies. While working on Ain't but the One Way, Clinton and Funkadelic quarreled with and eventually left Warner Bros. Records, and Sly Stone went into self-seclusion and could not be found. Producer Stewart Levine was assigned to take control of the project, and do what he could to complete an album. Upon its 1982 release, Ain't but the One Way underperformed and marked the end of Sly Stone's tenure with Warner Bros. Records.

The Electric Spanking of War Babies
The Electric Spanking of War Babies is the twelfth studio album by the American funk rock band Funkadelic, released in April 1981 on Warner Bros. Records. The title is an allusion to the Vietnam War and baby boomers. Sly Stone contributed to the recording sessions, singing lead vocals on "Funk Gets Stronger (Killer Millimeter Longer Version)".
29292 Conniewalker
29292 Conniewalker (provisional designation 1993 KZ1) is a bright, stony Phocaea asteroid and slow tumbler from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 May 1993, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker and Canadian astronomer David Levy at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.

Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. She discovered 32 comets (then a record for the most by an individual) and more than 500 asteroids.

Having earned degrees in history, political science, and English literature, she had little interest in planetary science until she met and married geologist Eugene Merle Shoemaker. Her career in astronomy began when she demonstrated good stereoscopic vision, a particularly valuable quality for looking for objects in near-Earth space. Despite the fact that her degrees were not in science, having that visual ability motivated the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to hire her as a research assistant on a team led by her husband. She went on to making record-setting discoveries in the field of astronomy, as well as being awarded honorary degrees and many professional awards.
Bonnie's Bookstore
Bonnie's Bookstore is a word-forming puzzle video game developed by New Crayon Games and published by PopCap Games. On each level, tiles containing one (or in some cases, two) letters are arranged in a specific structure. As in the similar title Bookworm, players use adjacent letters to form valid words, with points being awarded based on the length of the word. In most cases, once a letter is used, it is removed from the board, with existing letters moving downwards and new letters filling in from the top.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Heat sealer
A heat sealer is a machine used to seal products, packaging, and other thermoplastic materials using heat.  This can be with uniform thermoplastic monolayers or with materials having several layers, at least one being thermoplastic. Heat sealing can join two similar materials together or can join dissimilar materials, one of which has a thermoplastic layer.

Ultrasonic welding
Ultrasonic welding is an industrial process whereby high-frequency ultrasonic acoustic vibrations are locally applied to work pieces being held together under pressure to create a solid-state weld. It is commonly used for plastics and metals, and especially for joining dissimilar materials. In ultrasonic welding, there are no connective bolts, nails, soldering materials, or adhesives necessary to bind the materials together. When used to join metals, the temperature stays well below the melting point of the involved materials, preventing any unwanted properties which may arise from high temperature exposure of the metal.
2003 Hastings Direct International Championships
The 2003 Hastings Direct International Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Eastbourne Tennis Centre in Eastbourne in the United Kingdom that was part of Tier II of the 2003 WTA Tour. It was the 29th edition of the tournament and was held from 16 June through 21 June 2003. Chanda Rubin won the singles title.

2003 WTA Tour
The 2003 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2003 tennis season. The 2003 WTA Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments were not part of the 2003 WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Hasan Karal
Hasan Karal is a Turkish politician and a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the Justice and Development Party. He was elected from the province of Samsun in the 2023 Turkish general election. Karal was elected during 2023 Turkish general election as a candidate for the Justice and Development Party representing Samsun a Member of Parliament. He serves a member of the Planning and Budget Committee.

2023 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on 14 May 2023, combining presidential elections and parliamentary elections to elect 600 members of the Grand National Assembly.

Election monitors criticized the conduct of the elections, observing restrictions on fundamental freedoms of assembly, association and expression. There was political interference in the electoral process, threats of throttling social media platforms, arrests of people posting criticisms on social media, and fines against media organizations that criticized the government. The state-run media heavily favored the AK Party, led by incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Popular political opponents were jailed or intimidated during the election campaign. A 2023 study in PLOS One found that the election was "riddled with statistical irregularities, that may be indicative of electoral fraud."
Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club
The Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club is a Canadian outlaw motorcycle club founded in Musquodoboit Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada in 2013. It operates as a support club for the Hells Angels in Canada and has chapters in Ontario and formerly in Nova Scotia.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
1960 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1960 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships were held in Tolosa, Spain on Sunday February 21, 1960. It was the 11th edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

About 50,000 spectators lined a course of just over three kilometers that had to be completed seven times, bringing the total distance this edition to 21.66 kilometers. The 31 participants came from eight countries, including Portugal, which sent a team for the first time.

After the French Jean Robic (1950), Roger Rondeaux (1951–1953), André Dufraisse (1954–1958) and the Italian Renato Longo (1959), the West German Rolf Wolfshohl became the fifth cyclo-cross world champion in his fourth participation. It was his third consecutive podium finish.

1959 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1959 Cyclo-cross World Championship was the tenth edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships. It was a second time the event was organized in Geneva, Switzerland, after the 1952 championships.

The course included five laps of four kilometers and a final 2.24-kilometer loop, bringing the total length to 22.24 kilometers. The 29 participants came from seven countries, each sending a team of three or four riders, plus one rider each from the Netherlands and East Germany.

Italian Renato Longo became the fourth cyclocross world champion in his second participation—he finished fourth in 1958.
Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)
The Ministry of Defence (Dutch: Ministerie van Defensie; MinDef) is the Dutch ministry responsible for the armed forces of the Netherlands and veterans' affairs. The ministry was created in 1813 as the Ministry of War and in 1928 was combined with the Ministry of the Navy. After World War II the ministries were separated again, in this period the Minister of War and Minister of the Navy were often the same person and the state secretary for the Navy was responsible for daily affairs of the Royal Netherlands Navy. In 1959 the ministries were merged once again. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Defence, currently Dilan Yeşilgöz, assisted by the Chief of the Defence, Onno Eichelsheim.

Ministries of the Netherlands
The most influential part of the executive of the Government of the Netherlands are the ministries. There are fifteen ministries of the Netherlands, all with their own minister. There are also several ministers without portfolio and State Secretaries.
Dachne, Sudak Municipality
Dachne (Ukrainian: Дачне; Russian: Дачное) is a village in the Sudak Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Previously, the settlement was known as the Taraktash village (Crimean Tatar: Taraq Taş). Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948 renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.

Dachne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of 69 metres (226 ft). Its population was 2,454 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 2,628 (2014 Census).

Sudak Municipality
Sudak City Municipality (Ukrainian: Судацька міськрада, Russian: Судакский горсовет, Crimean Tatar: Sudaq şeer şurası), officially "the territory governed by the Sudak city council" is one of the 25 regions of the Crimean peninsula, currently subject to a territorial dispute between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Population: 32,278 (2014 Census).
RÚV (TV channel)
RÚV is the main television channel of RÚV, the Icelandic public broadcaster, launched in 1966. The free-to-air channel broadcasts primarily news, sports, entertainment, cultural programs, children's material, original Icelandic programming as well as American, British and Nordic content. Among its highest-rated programs are the comedy sketch show Spaugstofan, mystery drama Ófærð (Trapped) and Fréttir (News).

It is the Icelandic Olympic Broadcaster and has also usually holds rights to the FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro competitions. It is a member of the European Broadcasting Union and is responsible for selecting Iceland's entries to the Eurovision Song Contest.

ITV Nightscreen
ITV Nightscreen is a scheduled programme on the ITV television network that was broadcast from 1998 to 2021. It consisted of a sequence of animated pages of information about ITV's upcoming programmes, features and special events, with easy listening music in the background. The programme was used to fill the station's overnight downtime, where a closedown would have once been used at the end of programmes. The programme was generally shown every night. However, on ITV's additional channels which only began broadcasting in the digital era, the amount of Teleshopping affected how much Nightscreen was broadcast.
Principal ideal
In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a principal ideal is an ideal  in a ring  that is generated by a single element  of  through multiplication by every element of  The term also has another, similar meaning in order theory, where it refers to an (order) ideal in a poset  generated by a single element  which is to say the set of all elements less than or equal to  in

The remainder of this article addresses the ring-theoretic concept.

Ideal (order theory)
In mathematical order theory, an ideal is a special subset of a partially ordered set (poset). Although this term historically was derived from the notion of a ring ideal of abstract algebra, it has subsequently been generalized to a different notion. Ideals are of great importance for many constructions in order and lattice theory.
Cala Llonga
Cala Llonga is a settlement and beach resort on the island of Ibiza, in the Balearic Islands, Spain, in the municipality of Santa Eulalia del Río. In 2018, its population was 1042. The resort is a popular destination for tourists, and has ferry connexions with Ibiza Town, Es Caná, and Santa Eulalia del Río.

Es Canar
Es Canar (Spanish: Es Caná) is a beach resort village on the Spanish island of Ibiza. The resort is in the municipality of Santa Eulària des Riu. The resort is reached along the street called Cami d'Escana from Santa Eulària des Riu. The resort is 12.4 miles (20.0 km) north east of Ibiza Town and 16.9 miles (27.2 km) of Ibiza Airport. The resort is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) along the coast, east of Santa Eulària des Riu. The journey time from the airport is approximately 40 minutes by taxi or tourist bus.
Royal Philatelic Society London Meeting Handouts Collection
The Royal Philatelic Society London Meeting Notes Collection is a collection of notes and papers from meetings of the Royal Philatelic Society London from 1950 onwards. The collection forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
English Setter
The English Setter is a medium-size breed of dog. It is part of the setter group, which includes the red Irish Setters, Irish Red and White Setters, and black-and-tan Gordon Setters. The mainly white coat has long silky fringes on the back of the legs, under the belly and on the tail. The coat features flecks of colour (known as ticking), and the different colour varieties are referred to as 'belton'.

As a gun dog, it is used to hunt for game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse. It is sometimes referred to as the Laverack or Llewellin Setter as these were famous strains of the breed during the major development period in the 19th century. Those from hunting stock are generally of a finer build and with less coat than those bred for show exhibition.

Gun dog
Gun dogs (gundogs) or bird dogs  are types of hunting dogs developed to assist hunters in finding and retrieving game, typically various fowls that are shot down on the wing (in flight). The term hunting dog is broad and includes all breeds and skills of hunting canines, but "gun dogs" refers to canines that are trained to work alongside a loud firearm while hunting or retrieving game. Gun dogs are divided into three main categories: pointers and setters, retrievers, and spaniels.
Tage Nielsen
Tage Nielsen (16 January 1929 – 23 March 2003) was a Danish composer. He was born in Frederiksberg, and studied with Rued Langgaard and worked for Danish Radio as well as being a professor at the Danish Academy of Music.

Rued Langgaard
Rued Langgaard (Danish: [ˈʁuðˀ ˈlɑŋˌkɒˀ]; born Rud Immanuel Langgaard; 28 July 1893 – 10 July 1952) was a late-Romantic Danish composer and organist. His then-unconventional music was at odds with that of his Danish contemporaries but was recognized 16 years after his death.
Mount Washington Hillclimb Auto Race
The Mount Washington Hillclimb Auto Race, also known as the Climb to the Clouds, is a timed hillclimb auto race up the Mount Washington Auto Road to the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire. It is one of the oldest auto races in the country, first run on July 11 and 12, 1904, predating the Indianapolis 500 and the Pikes Peak Hill Climb. The event was revived in 2011 and was held again in 2014 and 2017.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.