hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mogul Steamship Co Ltd v McGregor, Gow & Co
Mogul Steamship Co Ltd v McGregor, Gow & Co [1892] AC 25 is an English tort law case concerning the economic tort of conspiracy to injure. A product of its time, the courts adhered to a laissez faire doctrine allowing firms to form a cartel, which would now be seen as contrary to the Competition Act 1998.

It is notable for Lord Bramwell's dictum that:

There is one thing that is to me decisive. I have always said that a combination of workmen, an agreement among them to cease work except for higher wages, and a strike in consequence, was lawful at common law; perhaps not enforceable inter se, but not indictable. The legislature has now so declared.

Competition Act 1998
The Competition Act 1998 (c. 41) is the current major source of competition law in the United Kingdom, along with the Enterprise Act 2002. The act provides an updated framework for identifying and dealing with restrictive business practices and abuse of a dominant market position.

One of the main purposes of this act was to harmonise the UK with EU competition policy, with Chapter I and II of the act mirroring the content of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of Amsterdam (formally Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty of Rome).
Interscholastic Athletic Association of Maryland
The Interscholastic Athletic Association of Maryland (IAAM) is an association of schools that organize the junior and varsity female athletic programs in the area in and around the Baltimore Metro area. It is headquartered in Pasadena, Maryland.

Pasadena, Maryland
Pasadena is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 24,287 at the 2010 census.

The areas of Lake Shore, Riviera Beach and Pasadena are collectively referred to as Pasadena by residents.  As all areas are governed by Anne Arundel County, there is no distinction in services such as fire, police, or public schools.  All three areas are encompassed by the 21122 zip code. The collective area population was at 56,441 at the 2010 census.
Thattamala
Thattamala is a neighbourhood situated at the southeast border of Kollam city in state of Kerala, India. It is situated at National Highways – NH 66 (Earlier NH 47). Kerala Police have identified Thattamala as one of the traffic black spots in the state.

Thattamala was a part of old Vadakkevila panchayath before the constitution of Kollam as a city. In 2000, Kollam was upgraded by the Government of Kerala as the 4th Municipal Corporation of Kerala by merging Vadakkevila, Kilikollur, Sakthikulangara and Eravipuram panchayaths with Kollam Municipality.

Eravipuram
Eravipuram is a neighbourhood of Kollam city in Kerala, India. It is one of the six zones of the Kollam City Corporation. Other zones of the city of Kollam are Central Zone-I, Central Zone-II, Sakthikulangara, Kilikollur, and Vadakkevila.
Deepak Khadka
Deepak Khadka is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress and served as the Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation from 15 July 2024 from 9 September 2025 in the until the dissolution of the cabinet led by Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli.

Khadka also serves as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Sankhuwasabha 1 (constituency). In November 2016, Khadka also served as a cabinet minister and was appointed Minister of State for Water Supply and Sanitation of Government of Nepal. Khadka was a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the election from Sankhuwasabha–2 constituency in the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election.

K. P. Sharma Oli
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (born 22 February 1952) is a Nepalese politician who served as the 38th prime minister of Nepal. He is the chairman of the CPN (UML) since 2014. Oli was Member of Parliament from 2017 to 2025. Oli's tenure in office has been controversial for frequent use of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media, and accusations of fostering cronyism, corruption, nepotism and racism. After his government killed students during the anti-corruption Gen Z protests, he was overthrown from his post in government.

Oli opposed the 2015 blockade of Nepal by India. He strengthened relations with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditionally close trade ties with India.
Stanisław Iwanicki
Stanisław Iwanicki (born 5 March 1951, in Biała Podlaska) is a Polish lawyer and politician.

From 1991 to 1995 he served as a deputy Attorney General (position joint with Minister of Justice). He became chief of the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland under President Lech Wałęsa, position he held from 21 August to 22 December 1995. He was the last chief of Wałęsa's presidential office and left office with him.

Iwanicki returned to the active politics, when he was elected to the Sejm from Solidarity Electoral Action in 1997. He was a Sejm Member until 2001.

He also was appointed Minister of Justice by Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek, took office on 5 July 2001 and served until 19 October 2007.

Jerzy Buzek
Jerzy Karol Buzek ([ˈjɛʐɨ ˈbuzɛk] ⓘ; born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and former Member of the European Parliament from Poland. He has served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001, since being elected to the European Parliament in 2004, he served as President of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2012. He is married to Ludgarda Buzek and is the father of Polish actress Agata Buzek.
2017 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2017 IIHF Ice Hockey Women's World Championships were the 20th such series of tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. These tournaments also served as qualifications for the 2018 competition.

At the 2017 IIHF annual congress it was decided that the Top Division would expand from eight to ten teams. As a result, all relegations from the 2017 tournaments were cancelled, and there would also be no relegation in all 2018 tournaments.

2018 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 2018 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships were the 21st such series of tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Teams participated at several levels of competition. These tournaments also served as qualifications for the 2019 competition.

For the 2018 program, there was no relegations, only promotions, to raise the total at the top level up to ten nations.
UNC (biology)
UNC is a set of proteins first identified through a set of screening tests in Caenorhabditis elegans, looking for roundworms with movement problems. Worms with which were un-coordinated (hence UNC) were analysed in order to identify the genetic defect. Such proteins include UNC-5, a receptor for UNC-6 which is one of the netrins. Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. UNC-5 uses repulsion (genetics) to direct axons while the other netrin receptor UNC-40 attracts axons to the source of netrin production.

Dendrite
A dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched cytoplasmic process that extends from a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually via their axons) via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic tree.

Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron.
The Beginning Was the End
The Beginning Was the End is a 1971 pseudo-scientific book written by Oscar Kiss Maerth (8 October 1914 – 26 August 1990) which claims humankind evolved from cannibalistic apes.  The book has been criticized in relation to racialist and pseudohistorical claims.

Monkey brains
Monkey brains is a supposed dish consisting of, at least, partially, the brain of some species of monkey or ape.

While animal brains have been consumed in various cuisines (e.g. eggs and brains or fried brain sandwiches), there is debate about whether monkey brains have actually been consumed. In Western popular culture its consumption is repeatedly portrayed and debated, often in the context of portraying exotic cultures as exceptionally cruel, callous, or strange.
Katima Mulilo Rural
Katima Mulilo Rural is one of the eight constituencies in Namibia's Zambezi Region. Its administrative centre is located in Bukalo. The constituency covers an area of 1,935 km2 (747 sq mi) and had a population of 16,399 in 2011, making it the fourth largest constituency in the region. There is a health centre in Bukalo and clinics in Ngoma, Muyako, and Ibbu.

Katima Mulilo Rural was created in 1998. Following a recommendation of the Second Delimitation Commission of Namibia, and in preparation for the 1998 general election, the old Katima Mulilo Constituency was split into Katima Mulilo Urban and Katima Mulilo Rural.

Popular Democratic Movement
The Popular Democratic Movement (PDM), formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), is an amalgamation of political parties in Namibia, registered as one singular party for representation purposes. In coalition with the United Democratic Front, it formed the official opposition in Parliament until the parliamentary elections in 2009. The party currently holds five seats in the Namibian National Assembly and one seat in the Namibian National Council. Further, the PDM has lost its status as the official opposition party, taking the fourth place. McHenry Venaani is the President of the PDM.

The PDM is an associate member of the International Democracy Union, a transnational grouping of national political parties generally identified with political conservatism, and a member of the Democracy Union of Africa, which was re-launched in Accra, Ghana in February 2019. The President of the party, McHenry Venaani, is the current chairperson of the Democrat Union of Africa.
Sado station
Sado station is a railway station in Paegam county, Ryanggang province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Government Railways of Chosen(朝鮮総督府鉄道) on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.

Hapsu station
Hapsu station is a railway station in Paegam county, Ryanggang province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Chosen Government Railway on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, close to P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.
Orchestral Suite No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major, Op. 53, in 1883. It was premiered on February 16, 1884 at a Russian Musical Society concert in Moscow, conducted by Max Erdmannsdörfer. The piece was well enough received to be repeated a week later. It is dedicated to his brother Anatoly's wife, Praskovya Vladimirovna Tchaikovskaya.

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
Tennessee State Route 314
State Route 314 (SR 314), also known as Parksville Road, is a 6.1-mile-long (9.8 km) state highway in Polk County, Tennessee, connecting the town of Benton with the community of Parksville and the Cherokee National Forest.

U.S. Route 64 in Tennessee
In Tennessee, U.S. Route 64 (US 64) stretches 404.1 miles (650.3 km) from the Mississippi River (Arkansas state line) in Memphis to the North Carolina state line near Ducktown. The highway, along with US 72, is a major route for travel between Memphis and Chattanooga.
.25-06 Remington
The .25-06 Remington was a wildcat cartridge for nearly half a century before finally being standardized by Remington in 1969.

Its design was based on the .30-06 Springfield cartridge necked-down (case opening made narrower) to .257 caliber keeping a similar cartridge length of its parent case, thus being chambered in standard-length actions. Nominal bullet diameter is 0.257 in, and bullet weights range from 75 to 120 grains (4.9 to 7.8 g).

.25-35 Winchester
The .25-35 Winchester Center Fire (6.6x51mmR) was introduced in 1895 by Winchester for the Winchester Model 1894. Together with the .30-30 Winchester, it was one of the earliest smokeless cartridges designed in North America for a sporting rifle. Savage adopted it for its Savage Model 99 lever-action rifles. The case was based on the .30-30 cartridge.
Pieter De Rudder
Pieter De Rudder (July 2, 1822 in Jabbeke – March 22, 1898), in many French books Pierre De Rudder, in English Peter De Rudder, was a man whose recovery from a broken leg is one of the most famous recognized Lourdes miracles (a bronze cast of his bones is exhibited in the Lourdes Medical Bureau), although it is not supposed to have occurred in Lourdes itself, but in a sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes at Oostakker near Ghent (Belgium, East Flanders).

Lourdes
Lourdes (/lʊərd/, also US: /lʊərdz/, French: [luʁd] ⓘ; Occitan: Lorda [ˈluɾðɔ]) is a market town situated in the Pyrenees. It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region in southwestern France. Prior to the mid-19th century, the town was best known for its Château fort, a fortified castle that rises up from a rocky escarpment at its center.

In 1858, Lourdes rose to prominence in France and abroad due to the Marian apparitions to the peasant girl Bernadette Soubirous (later canonized a saint by the Catholic Church for her virtuous life). Shortly thereafter, the city and its Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes became among the world's most important sites for pilgrimage and religious tourism.
Nahar Singh Mahal
Nahar Singh Mahal is located at Ballabhgarh in Faridabad district of Haryana. This fort was built by the forefathers of Raja Nahar Singh around 1739 AD, and after whom Ballabgarh was named, the construction however continued in parts till about 1850. The fort is also known as Raja Nahar Singh Palace.

Faridabad district
Faridabad district is one of the 22 districts of the Indian state of Haryana with Faridabad city being the district headquarters. The District is a Part of Central National Capital Region of Delhi. The Delhi-Mathura-Agra National Highway 44 (Grand Trunk Road) passes through the centre of the district, which occupies an area of 741 square kilometres (286 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census of India had a population of 1,809,733. Haryana government has created a new Faridabad division which would cover the districts – Faridabad, Nuh and Palwal.

As of 2011 it was the second most populous district of Haryana after Gurugram district.
Paul Okalik
Paul Okalik MLA (Inuktitut: ᐹᓪ ᐅᑲᓕᖅ, IPA: [paːl ukaliq]; born May 26, 1964) is a Canadian politician. He is the first Inuk to have been called to the Nunavut Bar. He was also the first premier of Nunavut.

On November 4, 2010, he was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. Okalik represented the electoral district of Iqaluit West in the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut until April 6, 2011 when he announced he would be resigning in order to run for the Liberal Party of Canada in the riding of Nunavut in the 2011 Canadian federal election.  He returned to the Legislative Assembly in 2013 until being defeated in the 2017 Nunavut general election.

Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut
The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is the presiding officer of the territorial legislature in Nunavut, Canada. Since 1999 the position has been elected by Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) using a secret ballot. The current speaker is David Joanasie.
16th César Awards
The 16th César Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma, honoured the best French films of 1990 and took place on 9 March 1991 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by Sophia Loren and hosted by Richard Bohringer. Cyrano de Bergerac won the award for Best Film.

During the ceremony, Vanessa Paradis mistakenly announced Judith Godrèche as the winner of Best Newcomer (Female) instead of Judith Henry, then quickly corrected herself.

César Award for Best Female Revelation
The César Award for Best Female Revelation (French: César de la meilleure révélation féminine) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding breakthrough performance of a young actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie, within a group of 16 actresses previously shortlisted by the Révélations Committee.

It was presented as the César du meilleur jeune espoir féminin from 1983 to 2004 and the César du meilleur espoir féminin from 2005 to 2023. In English, the award was variously referred to as Most Promising Actress or Best Female Newcomer.
Amine Adli
Amine Adli (Arabic: أَمِين عَدْلِيّ; born 10 May 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder, winger, or forward for Premier League club Bournemouth. Born in France, he plays for the Morocco national team.

2020–21 Ligue 2
The 2020–21 Ligue 2 season, also known as Ligue 2 BKT for sponsorship reasons, was the 82nd season of second-division football in France, and the 19th season since the division was rebranded as Ligue 2 from Division 2. Due to the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the announcement of the start and end dates for the season was delayed. There were suggestions that the season would feature just 18 teams, as opposed to the usual 20, after France's highest administrative court overturned the relegations of Amiens and Toulouse from Ligue 1; however, the relegations were reinstated by the General Assembly of the LFP with a vote on 23 June 2020. The league fixtures were announced on 9 July 2020 and the league season began on 22 August 2020 and ended on 15 May 2021.
Röthbachfall
The Röthbachfall (German: Röthbachfall) is the highest waterfall in Germany, with a vertical drop of 470 metres (1540 ft). The waterfall is located in the Berchtesgaden area on the Obersee lake. One way to visit the waterfall is to take the electric boat across lake Königssee to Salet and then to hike up to the Obersee. This remote location has led to the erroneous claim that the highest waterfall in Germany is the more accessible Triberg Waterfall even though Triberg has a drop of only 163 metres.

Berchtesgaden
Berchtesgaden (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁçtəsˌɡaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria, in southeastern Germany, near the border with Austria, 30 km (19 mi) south of Salzburg and 180 km (110 mi) southeast of Munich. It lies in the Berchtesgaden Alps. South of the town, the Berchtesgaden National Park stretches along three parallel valleys.

The Kehlstein mountain (1,835 m or 6,020 ft), with its Kehlsteinhaus (Eagle's Nest), is located in the area.
LowFLOWs: The Columbia Anthology ('91–'93)
lowFLOWs: The Columbia Anthology ('91–'93) is a compilation album by the American alternative rock group Firehose released in 2012 to coincide with the band's reunion gigs of the same year.

The anthology collects all the band's releases on Columbia Records: Flyin' the Flannel, Mr. Machinery Operator, and Live Totem Pole. Also included are a handful of previously unreleased live tracks and instrumental versions. The anthology is the first time material from the long out-of-print Live Totem Pole has been made available.

Bassist Mike Watt said it was the work of the record label and not the band itself.

Yeah, that’s the record company. It’s just the albums we put out with a couple of other tracks. I think there’s a no word version of “Down with the Bass,” a live version of “Powerful Hankerin’ and some song from a movie. There’s nothin’ really that new about it.

Live Totem Pole
Live Totem Pole is a live EP released in 1992 by Firehose.  It consists of seven tracks, five of which are cover versions.  The cover of Blue Öyster Cult's "The Red and the Black" had been recorded by Minutemen (Watt and Hurley's seminal punk rock band) and released on 3-Way Tie (For Last).

Watt's introduction to "Revolution (Part Two)" contains a nod to Gibby Haynes, the lead singer of Butthole Surfers — "This is a song for today.  Hope I don't fuck it up, Gibby."

The EP has become a collector's item due to its discontinuation shortly after its release.

The cover art is by Raymond Pettibon.
American Giant Homer
The American Giant Homer is a breed of pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding primarily as a fancy breed derived from a utility breed. Giant Homers along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants from the rock dove (Columba livia). Breeds used in the development of the Giant Homer include Racing Homer, Coburg Lark, Exhibition Homer, English Show Homer, French Gros Mondain, Antwerp Smerl, and Show Homer.

Pigeon keeping
Pigeon keeping or pigeon fancying is the art and science of breeding domestic pigeons.  People have practiced pigeon keeping for at least 5,000 years and in almost every part of the world. In that time, humans have substantially altered the morphology and the behaviour of the domesticated descendants of the rock dove to suit their needs for food, aesthetic satisfaction and entertainment.

People who breed pigeons are commonly referred to as pigeon fanciers. The hobby is gaining in popularity in the United States, after having waned within the last 50 years. Both the hobby and commercial aspects of keeping pigeons are thriving in other parts of the world.
Blood pheasant
The blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) or blood partridge is a galliforme bird in the pheasant family Phasianidae and the only species in the genus Ithaginis. It is a relatively small, short-tailed pheasant that is widespread in the lower Himalayas ranging across North and East India, Nepal, Bhutan, South China and northern Myanmar. It has been classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2009, and the global blood pheasant population is thought to be stable.

The blood pheasant is the state bird of Sikkim, India.

Snow line
The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface. The actual snow line may adjust seasonally, and be either significantly higher in elevation, or lower. The permanent snow line is the level above which snow will lie all year.