hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potassium dideuterium phosphate
Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KD2PO4 or K2H2PO4) or DKDP single crystals are widely used in non-linear optics as the second, third and fourth harmonic generators for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF lasers. They are also found in electro-optical applications as Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, alexandrite and Ti-sapphire lasers, as well as for Pockels cells.

DKDP is monopotassium phosphate (KDP, or KH2PO4), but using deuterium. Replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in DKDP lowers the frequency of O–H vibrations and their overtones (high-order harmonics). Absorption of light by those overtones is detrimental for the infrared lasers, which DKDP and KDP crystals are used for. Consequently, despite higher cost, DKDP is more popular than KDP.

DKDP crystals are grown by a water-solution method at usual level of deuteration >98%.

Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III),  typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size. It is the neodymium ion which provides the lasing activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as the red chromium ion in ruby lasers.

Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first demonstrated by Joseph E. Geusic et al. at Bell Laboratories in 1964. Geusic and LeGrand Van Uitert received the Optical Society of America's R. W. Wood Prize in 1993 "for the discovery of the Nd:YAG laser and the demonstration of its usefulness as a practical solid state laser source".
1992 Commonwealth final
The 1992 Commonwealth final was the ninth running of the Commonwealth Final as part of the qualification for the 1992 Speedway World Championship. The 1992 Final was run on 31 May at the Norfolk Arena in King's Lynn, England, and was part of the World Championship qualifying for riders from the Commonwealth nations.

Riders qualified for the Final from the Australian, British and New Zealand Championships.

1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1992 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 47th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

Gary Havelock scored 14 points to become England's first Speedway World Champion since Michael Lee in 1980. Sweden's Per Jonsson, the 1990 World Champion, finished second with 11 points with Denmark's Gert Handberg third on 10 points.

Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen failed to qualify for a World Final for the first time since 1979 after only finishing 12th in the Nordic Final.
Court of Military Honour
The Court of Military Honour (German: Ehrenhof) was a drumhead court-martial in Nazi Germany, composed of high-ranking officers of the Wehrmacht, which was formed by a Führer decree (Führererlass) on 2 August 1944.

The court had the express task of identifying and expelling officers of the German Army who, according to the Gestapo, had participated in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler. The aim of the decree was to avoid having to bring the leaders of the military resistance to the Nazi regime before a military trial of the Reich Court-Martial (Reichskriegsgericht), in accordance with German military law. Instead, they were brought before a show trial of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof).

Drumhead court-martial
A drumhead court-martial is a court-martial held in the field to render summary justice for offenses committed in action. The term is said to originate from drums used as improvised tables and drumheads as writing surfaces at fast-track military trials and executions.
AB-CHFUPYCA
AB-CHFUPYCA (also AB-CHMFUPPYCA) is a compound that was first identified as a component of synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2015. The name "AB-CHFUPYCA" is an acronym of its systematic name N-(1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxoButan-2-yl)-1-(CycloHexylmethyl)-3-(4-FlUorophenyl)-1H-PYrazole-5-CarboxAmide. There are two known regioisomers of AB-CHFUPYCA:  3,5-AB-CHMFUPPYCA (pictured) and 5,3-AB-CHMFUPPYCA. The article[1] refers to both 3,5-AB-CHMFUPPYCA and 5,3-AB-CHMFUPPYCA as AB-CHMFUPPYCA isomers, so AB-CHMFUPPYCA and AB-CHFUPYCA are not names for a unique chemical structure.

AB-CHFUPYCA contains some similar structural elements to other synthetic cannabinoids such as 5F-AB-FUPPYCA, JWH-307, JWH-030, JWH-147, AB-PINACA. It may be considered an analog of the traditional pyrazole cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist rimonabant. The pharmacological properties of AB-CHFUPYCA have not been studied.

Pyrazole
Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest.  Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.
Nara Mughlan
Nara Mughlan is a tiny village situated on the Potohar Plateau in Northern Punjab, approximately 80 km from Islamabad, Pakistan.  It can be accessed from the M-2 motorway as well as from Grand Trunk (GT) Road, Islamabad – Lahore. Its distance from Chakwal city is about 39–40 km (on Jhelum – Chakwal Road) and it lies beside the Rajian oil fields. A by-road originating from the main road, 3–4 km ahead of village Mulhal Mughlan, leads directly to the village Nara Mughlan. The road passes through the Rajian oil fields which are located on the outskirts of the village. Nara Mughlan is bounded by villages Joorh in the North, Jand in the West, Chauntariyan in the South and Jhelum – Chakwal Road in the East.

Chakwal
Chakwal (Punjabi and Urdu: چکوال) is a city in Chakwal District in the Potohar region of Punjab, Pakistan.

It is the 48th most populous city of Pakistan. Chakwal is located 90 kilometres south-west of the federal capital, Islamabad and 270 kilometres from the provincial capital, Lahore. It is accessible by both the Islamabad International Airport and the Lahore International Airport.
Peter C. Hodgson
Peter Crafts Hodgson (born February 26, 1934) is an American theologian and the Charles G. Finney Professor of Theology, Emeritus, at the Divinity School of Vanderbilt University, where he taught from 1965 to 2003. He is considered to be one of the world's foremost translators of the work of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a 19th-century German philosopher.

David Strauss
David Friedrich Strauss (/straʊs/; German: Strauß [ˈdaːvɪt ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ʃtʁaʊs]; 27 January 1808 – 8 February 1874) was a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the "historical Jesus", whose divine nature he explored via myth. Strauss conceived of myths as expressions of truths, as opposed to the modern shorthand of myth for "falsity"- Strauss did not deny Jesus' divine nature.  His work was connected to the Tübingen School, which revolutionized study of the New Testament, early Christianity, and ancient religions.  Strauss was a pioneer in the historical investigation of Jesus.
Internexin
Internexin, alpha-internexin, is a Class IV intermediate filament approximately 66 kDa. The protein was originally purified from rat optic nerve and spinal cord. The protein copurifies with other neurofilament subunits, as it was originally discovered, however in some mature neurons it can be the only neurofilament expressed. The protein is present in developing neuroblasts and in the central nervous system of adults. The protein is a major component of the intermediate filament network in small interneurons and cerebellar granule cells, where it is present in the parallel fibers.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
Weed Country
Weed Country is an American reality television series that aired on the Discovery Channel. The series premiered on February 20, 2013, during Discovery Channel's programming block titled "Weed Wednesdays". The series followed dealers, growers and patients of the marijuana trade located within the Emerald Triangle, along with the enforcers of the law at the Siskiyou County Sheriff's office.

Emerald Triangle
The Emerald Triangle is a region in Northern California that derives its name from being the largest cannabis-producing region in the United States. The region includes three counties in an upside-down triangular configuration:

Humboldt County, on the coast

Trinity County, inland

Mendocino County, to the south

Growers have been cultivating Cannabis plants in this region since the 1960s, during San Francisco's Summer of Love. Growing cannabis in the Emerald Triangle is considered a way of life, and the locals believe that everyone living in this region is either directly or indirectly reliant on the cannabis industry. The industry exploded in the region with the passage of California Proposition 215 (1996), which legalized the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes in California. The passage of Proposition 64 in 2016 legalized the general sale and distribution of cannabis.
Cuba women's national handball team
The Cuba women's national handball team represents Cuba in international handball competitions, and is controlled by the Federación Cubana de Balonmano.

The team participated in their first world cup the 1999 World Women's Handball Championship and then again at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship. At the 2025 World Women's Handball Championship they managed to get their first ever World Cup win after 18 losses in a row, after they beat Kazakhstan 29-28.

Kazakhstan women's national handball team
The Kazakhstan women's national handball team is the national handball team of Kazakhstan and takes part in international handball competitions.

The team's first world championship was at the 2007 World Women's Handball Championship in France, where they finished 18th. They also participated in the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China, finishing 22nd. At the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil they finished 19th.

They won the title at the 2002 and 2010 Asian Women's Handball Championship.
Avalanche Mountain
Avalanche Mountain is a 2,861-metre (9,386-foot) summit in Glacier National Park in the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Macdonald, 2.2 km (1.4 mi) to the north. Mount Sir Donald is 3.83 km (2.38 mi) to the southeast, and Eagle Peak is 1.46 km (0.91 mi) to the south-southeast. The Avalanche Glacier is situated on the east side of the peak, and the Connaught Tunnel lies partially beneath Avalanche Mountain. The peak is visible from eastbound Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway approaching Rogers Pass. During winter and spring of each year the western slope, named Avalanche Crest, generates avalanches which can threaten the highway.

Connaught Tunnel
The Connaught Tunnel is in southeastern British Columbia, on the Revelstoke–Donald segment. The 5.022-mile (8.082 km) tunnel carries the Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) main line under Mount Macdonald in the Selkirk Mountains. The tunnel, opened by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) in 1916, replaced the previous routing over Rogers Pass.
Sawyers Valley, Western Australia
Sawyers Valley is sited on the Great Eastern Highway about 40 kilometres from Perth, Western Australia in the Shire of Mundaring.
The community began as a sawmill and railway siding to process timber from the forest surrounding the Helena River to the south. Local employment included forest and Goldfields Water Supply Scheme maintenance, small orchards, and the Midland Railway Workshops. The suburb's name comes from the occupation of many of the first European settlers to the area in the 1860s, who were sawyers working at the local saw-pits. The Sawyers Valley Tavern, which sits on the Highway opposite the Railway Reserve Heritage Trail, was first established in 1882 and the Sawyers Valley railway station was built in 1884.

Helena River
The Helena River is a tributary of the Swan River in Western Australia. The river rises in country east of Mount Dale and flows north-west to Mundaring Weir, where it is dammed. It then flows west until it reaches the Darling Scarp.

It passes through the western edge of the Darling Scarp between Gooseberry Hill, and Greenmount Hill before joining the Swan River at the southern edge of the historic town, now suburb, of Guildford.
2024 Macanese Chief Executive election
The 2024 Macanese Chief Executive election was held on 13 October 2024 for the 6th term of the Chief Executive of Macau (CE), the highest office of the Macau Special Administrative Region. Incumbent Ho Iat Seng, who was elected in 2019, declined to seek a second term for health reasons and finished his term on 20 December 2024. Former President of the Court of Final Appeal Sam Hou Fai was the sole candidate to be nominated. He received 394 electoral votes (98.50%) and assumed office on 20 December 2024.

Cheong Weng Chon
André Cheong Weng Chon ([ɐ̃ˈdɾɛ ˈtʃɛɲ]; Chinese: 張永春; born September 1966) is current President of the Legislative Assembly of Macau since 2025 and former Secretary for Administration and Justice of Macau from 2019 to 2025.
Enid Blyton bibliography
This is a list of 762 books by Enid Blyton (1897–1968), an English children's writer who also wrote under the pseudonym of Mary Pollock. She was one of the most successful children's storytellers of the 20th century.

Mary Mouse
Mary Mouse is a fictional character "imagined" by Enid Blyton, a prolific British children's author, in the mid 20th century. Mary Mouse is a mouse exiled from her mousehole who becomes a maid at the dolls' house, employed by Sailor Doll.

The original publications were in an unusual format, 15 cm × 7 cm (6 in × 2+3⁄4 in) softback pictorial. Due to the austerity and paper shortages of the times, during and after World War II, the first editions were cheaply made with simple colour illustration and stapled bindings overstuck with linen edging.

Loved mainly by girls, this character's memory has lived on. The original books (published by Brockhampton Press of Leicester at a price of one shilling) are highly collectable, perhaps because few remain in reasonable condition. The books were immensely popular in Blyton's days and eventually sold one million copies.
Lomaiviti Province
Lomaiviti Province (Fijian pronunciation: [lomaiˈβitʃi]) is one of the 14 provinces of Fiji. Administratively, it forms part of Fiji's Eastern Division and of the Kubuna Confederacy, one of three traditional chiefly hierarchies in Fiji.

Geographically it consists of the Lomaiviti Islands and has a total land area of 411 square kilometers.

Provinces of Fiji
The Provinces of Fiji ("veiyasana" (pl.) and "yasana" (s.) in the Fijian language), and "प्रदेश" in the Fiji Hindi language  are the 14 administrative units into which the country is divided, particularly in relation to the provision of resources and services to the indigenous Fijian population by the Fijian Affairs Board. They are more or less derived from the major clan affiliations for each provincial region.
Andrew I of Hungary
Andrew I the White or the Catholic (Hungarian: I. Fehér or Katolikus András/Endre; c. 1015 – before 6 December 1060) was King of Hungary from 1046 to 1060. He descended from a younger branch of the Árpád dynasty. After he spent fifteen years in exile, an extensive revolt by the pagan Hungarians enabled him to take the throne from King Peter Orseolo. He strengthened the position of Catholicism in the Kingdom of Hungary and successfully defended its independence against the Holy Roman Empire.

His efforts to ensure the succession of his son, Solomon, resulted in the open revolt of his brother Béla. Béla dethroned Andrew by force in 1060. Andrew suffered severe injuries during the fighting and died before his brother was crowned king.

Chronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum or Illuminated Chronicle (Hungarian: Képes Krónika, Slovak: Obrázková kronika, German: Ungarische Bilderchronik, also referred to as the Illustrated Chronicle, Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon Hungarie Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the 14th century. It represents the artistic style of the royal court of King Louis I of Hungary. The codex is a unique source of art, medieval and cultural history.

The chronicle's full name is: Chronicon Pictum – Marci de Kalt Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Illustrated Chronicle – Mark of Kalt's Chronicle About the Deeds of the Hungarians).
20th United States Congress
The 20th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1827, to March 4, 1829, during the third and fourth years of John Quincy Adams's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

United States Senate Committee on Claims
The United States Senate Committee on Claims was among the first standing committees established in the Senate.  It dealt generally with issues related to private bills and petitions.  After reforms in the 1880s that created judicial and administrative remedies for petitioners, it declined in importance, and were abolished in 1946. The United States House of Representatives also had a Committee on Claims until 1946, when both the Senate and House duties were absorbed by the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.
Papillifera solida
Papillifera solida, is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.

Subspecies

Papillifera solida caietana (Rossmässler, 1842)

Papillifera solida deburghiae (Paulucci, 1878)

Papillifera solida diabolina H. Nordsieck, 2013

Papillifera solida pseudobidens H. Nordsieck, 2013

Papillifera solida solida(Draparnaud, 1805)

Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Sugarloaf massacre
The Sugarloaf massacre was a skirmish which occurred on September 11, 1780, in the U.S. state  of Pennsylvania when a number of Natives and a handful of Loyalists attacked a small detachment of militia from Northampton County. According to pension files and witness depositions, the militia detachment was led by  Lieutenants John Moyer and John Fish of Captain Johannes Van Etten's company of volunteers.

Catawissa, Pennsylvania
Catawissa is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania. The population was 1,539 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.
Farnborough Town Hall
Farnborough Town Hall is a municipal building in Alexandra Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of Farnborough Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Farnborough, Hampshire
Farnborough is a town located in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It has a population of around 60,652 as of the 2021 census and is an important centre of aviation, engineering and technology. The town is probably best known for its association with aviation, including Samuel Cody, Farnborough Airport, the Farnborough International Airshow, Royal Aircraft Establishment and the Air Accidents Investigation Branch.
Hotel Maury
The Hotel Maury is a three-star hotel located at the corners of Carabaya and Ucayali streets in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It is considered one of the oldest hotels in both Peru and the Pacific coast.

Jirón Carabaya
Carabaya Street (Spanish: Jirón Carabaya) is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, an area of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón Áncash, and ends at Paseo de la República Avenue.

It runs parallel to Union Street and similarly connects the Plaza Mayor with the Plaza San Martín, ending at the Paseo de los Héroes Navales.
Arsenicin A
Arsenicin A is a naturally occurring arsenic  heterocycle with the molecular formula C3H6As4O3. It was first isolated from the New Caledonian marine sponge Echinochalina bargibanti.  The compound was characterized by computational and spectroscopic techniques and found to possess a cage-like structure similar to adamantane in which the four methanetriyl carbon bridgeheads are replaced by arsenic atoms and three of the six methylene bridges are replaced by oxygen atoms.  It is the first polyarsenic compound ever found in nature.  Subsequently, the proposed structure was prepared in large quantities via total synthesis and the structure was confirmed by x-ray crystallography. The molecule is chiral, and has been resolved into its two enantiomers. Arsenicin A is active against promyelocytic leukemia cells at lower concentrations than the arsenic(III) oxide drug Trisenox.

Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula As4O6. As an industrial chemical, its major uses include the manufacture of wood preservatives, pesticides, and glass. For medical purposes, it is sold under the brand name Trisenox among others when used as a medication to treat a type of cancer known as acute promyelocytic leukemia. For this use it is given by injection into a vein.

Arsenic trioxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Approximately 50,000 tonnes were produced in 1991. Due to its toxicity, a number of countries have regulations around its manufacture and sale.
Glossary of probability and statistics
This glossary of statistics and probability is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the mathematical sciences of statistics and probability, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. For additional related terms, see Glossary of mathematics and Glossary of experimental design.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".