hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formula Super Vee
Formula Super Vee was an open-wheel racing series that took place in Europe and the United States from 1970 to 1990. The formula was created as an extension of Formula Vee, a racing class that was introduced in 1959. Formula Super Vee in Europe was similar to F3 or Formula Renault  today, a stepping stone to F1. In the United States, Formula Super Vee, often referred to as Super Vee, was a natural progression to Indy Car and Can-Am. On both sides of the Atlantic the series also was a platform for the promotion of VW products, similar to how Formula Renault promotes Renault products today.

Initially it was seen as a simple step up from Formula Vee, using Volkswagen air-cooled engines, only Type 3 engines in 1600cc as opposed to Type 1 engines in 1200cc or 1600cc. However it soon transformed to using the very different and more powerful fuel injected water-cooled engines from the VW Golf/Rabbit.

Can–Am
The Canadian-American Challenge Cup, or Can-Am, was an SCCA/CASC sports car racing series from 1966 to 1974, and again from 1977 to 1987.

The Can-Am rules were deliberately simple and placed few limits on the entries. This led to a wide variety of unique car body designs and powerful engine installations. Notable among these were Jim Hall's Chaparrals and entries with over 1,000 horsepower.
Transmission chain method
In social psychology, a transmission chain is when information is passed between people sequentially, each person in the chain usually modifying the information they were given. This is similar to the telephone game (known as Chinese whispers in some countries). The transmission chain method is a method used in cultural evolution research to uncover biases in cultural transmission. This method was first developed by Frederic Bartlett in 1932.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Hoslemo
Hoslemo is a village in Bykle municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Setesdalen valley, along the river Otra and the Norwegian National Road 9. It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Bykle and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the village of Hovden. The small village of Berdalen lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of Hoslemo. The lake Vatndalsvatnet lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north of the village. The mountains Kvervetjønnuten and Snjoheinuten lie to the west of the village.

The small village grew up around two farms that have been in use since before the year 1350 (1350), possibly back to the Viking Age. The village gained many new homesteads during the 20th century and by 1988, there were at least 18 farms and residences in the small village.

Vatndalsvatnet
Vatndalsvatnet or Vatnedalsvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway. The 14.42-square-kilometre (5.57 sq mi) lake lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the village of Berdalen and the river Otra. The nearby lakes Ormsavatnet and Store Urevatn flow into the lake through dams and canals. The lake Vatndalsvatnet also has a dam on it and the water flows out of the lake from the dam into the Otra river. It is located in the central part of Bykle, about halfway between the villages of Hovden and Bykle. The mountains Snjoheinuten and Kvervetjønnuten both lie on the south side of the lake.
NGC 3811
NGC 3811 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,299±15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 158.7 ± 11.1 Mly (48.65 ± 3.41 Mpc). Additionally, 12 non-redshift measurements give a similar mean distance of 152.10 ± 12.53 Mly (46.633 ± 3.843 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 9 February 1788.

NGC 3811 is a starburst galaxy. It is also a galaxy whose nucleus shines in the ultraviolet range, and is thus listed in the Markarian catalogue as Mrk 185.

Markarian galaxies
The Markarian galaxies are a class of galaxies that have nuclei with excessive amounts of ultraviolet emissions compared with other galaxies. Benjamin Markarian drew attention to these types of galaxies starting in 1963.  The nuclei of the galaxies had a blue colour, associated to stars in the classes from O to A. This blue core did not match the rest of the galaxy.  The spectrum in detail tends to show a continuum that Markarian concluded was produced non-thermally.  Most of these have emission lines and are characterized by highly energetic activity.
Markarian Catalogue entries are of the form "Markarian ####", and can frequently use the abbreviations Mrk, Mkr, Mkn; and rarely Ma, Mk, Mark.
Kurdish literature
Kurdish literature (Kurdish: وێژەی کوردی, romanized: Wêjeya kurdî or ئەدەبی کوردی) is literature written in the Kurdish languages. Literary Kurdish works have been written in each of the six main Kurdish languages: Zaza, Gorani, Kurmanji, Sorani, Laki and Southern Kurdish. Balül, a 9th-century poet and religious scholar of the Yarsani faith, is the first well-known poet who wrote in Gorani Kurdish. Ehmedê Xanî (1650–1707) is probably the most renowned of the old Kurdish poets. He wrote the romantic epic Mem û Zîn in Kurmanji, sometimes considered the Kurdish national epic. Sorani poetry developed mainly after the late 18th century.

Most written Kurdish literature was poetry until the 20th century, when prose genres began to be developed.

Laki language
Laki (Laki: له‌کی, Kurdish: له‌کی, romanized: Lekî, Persian: لکی) is a language variety that consists of two major sub-varieties: Pish-e Kuh Laki and Posht-e Kuh Laki. Laki is considered a Kurdish dialect by many linguists and is spoken chiefly in the area between Khorramabad and Kermanshah in Iran by about 680,000 native speakers.
Niedzica Castle
Niedzica Castle, also known as Dunajec Castle (Latin: Castrum de Dunajecz, Hungarian: Nedec Váralja / Nedec-Vár, German: Sub-Arx Unterschloss, Slovak: Nedecký hrad), is located in the southernmost part of Poland in Niedzica (Nowy Targ County in Lesser Poland). It was erected between the years 1320 and 1326 by Kokos of Brezovica on the site of an ancient stronghold surrounded by earthen walls in the Pieniny mountains.

The Niedzica Castle stands at an altitude of 566 m, on a hill 300 metres (980 ft) upstream from the Dunajec River mouth, measured from the center of the dam on Lake Czorsztyn.  The outline of Niedzica Castle can best be viewed from the ruins of Czorsztyn Castle on the other side of the lake. It is known as one of the most picturesque castles in the country and adorns the covers of many books.

Nowy Targ County
Nowy Targ County (Polish: powiat nowotarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nowy Targ, which lies 67 kilometres (42 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Rabka-Zdrój, lying 18 km (11 mi) north of Nowy Targ, and Szczawnica, 35 km (22 mi) east of Nowy Targ.

The county covers an area of 1,474.66 square kilometres (569.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 181,878, out of which the population of Nowy Targ is 33,493, that of Rabka-Zdrój is 13,031, that of Szczawnica is 7,334, and the rural population is 128,020.
Swedes
Swedes (Swedish: svenskar), or Swedish people, are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and language. Swedes mostly inhabit Sweden but have also migrated to other countries, especially the other Nordic countries. A substantial diaspora in other countries include the Swedish Americans in the United States and Canada.

Swedish language is one of the official languages of Finland and the Finland-Swedes – having Finnish national identity – are an officially recognized linguistic minority.

Gustav Vasa
Gustav Eriksson Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), also known as Gustav I, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. He was previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead this war following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 (the future National Day of Sweden) and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.

During his reign, Gustav initiated the Protestant Swedish reformation, transformed the country from an elective to a hereditary monarchy and established a standing army and navy.
Presidency of Eurico Gaspar Dutra
The presidency of Eurico Gaspar Dutra began on 31 January 1946, after he won the 1945 election with 3,251,507 votes against 2,039,341 votes for Eduardo Gomes, making him Brazil's 16th president. It ended on 31 January 1951, when Getúlio Vargas took office.

His administration was characterized by the outbreak of the Cold War, with Dutra fully aligning himself with the United States and tearing up relations with the Soviet Union. The period also witnessed discussions on oil policy, the ban on gambling in Brazil, which has lasted to this day, and the SALTE Plan. During his time in office, Brazil's GDP grew by an average of 7.6%, one of the highest growth rates in the country's history.

Eurico Gaspar Dutra
Eurico Gaspar Dutra (Brazilian Portuguese: [ewˈɾiku ɡasˈpaʁ ˈdutɾɐ]; 18 May 1883 – 11 June 1974) was a Brazilian military leader and politician who served as the president of Brazil from 1946 to 1951. He was the first president of the Fourth Brazilian Republic, which followed the Vargas Regime.
Benoxaprofen
Benoxaprofen, also known as benoxaphen, is a chemical compound with the formula C16H12ClNO3.  It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylpropionic acid class, and was marketed under the brand name Opren in the United Kingdom and Europe by Eli Lilly and Company (commonly referred to as Lilly), and as Oraflex in the United States of America (USA).  Lilly suspended sales of Oraflex in 1982 after reports from the British government and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) of adverse effects and deaths linked to the drug.

Antipyretic
An antipyretic (/ˌæntipaɪˈrɛtɪk/, from anti- 'against' and pyretic 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the US are usually ibuprofen and aspirin, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used primarily as anti-inflammatories and analgesics (pain relievers), but which also have antipyretic properties; and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties.

There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, since fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study published by the Royal Society claims that fever suppression causes at least 1% more influenza deaths in the United States, or 700 extra deaths per year.
Ethanedisulfonic acid
Ethanedisulfonic acid is a diprotic sulfonic acid, with pKa values of -1.46 and -2.06, making it a very strong acid.  When used in pharmaceutical formulations, the salts with the active ingredient are known as edisylates.

Sulfonic acid
In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide.  A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound (with the organic substituent replaced by hydrogen) is the parent sulfonic acid, HS(=O)2(OH), a tautomer of sulfurous acid, S(=O)(OH)2. Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.
The Purple Parade
The Purple Parade is a unifying national platform that promotes awareness and celebrates the abilities of persons with disabilities in Singapore, ensuring they are included in the country's growth and have equal access to education, employment, transport and social networks. Events usually take place in a carnival-like format with many booths from different companies, performers from various disability organisations in Singapore, as well as the marching of contingents.

The event has been held each year in Singapore from 2013 to 2015 at Speakers Corner in Hong Lim Park, as well as the Fountain of Wealth in Suntec City from 2016 to 2019 on a Saturday in October or November. The 2020 event was held on 31 October, the first virtual event.

Ministry of Social and Family Development
The Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF; Malay: Kementerian Pembangunan Sosial dan Keluarga; Chinese: 社会及家庭发展部; Tamil: சமுதாய, குடும்ப மேம்பாட்டு அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the community infrastructure, programmes and services in Singapore.
Depaneling
Depaneling or depanelization is a process step in high-volume electronics assembly production. In order to increase the throughput of printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing and surface mount (SMT) lines, PCBs are often arranged in a process called panelization so that they consist of many smaller individual PCBs that will be used in the final product. This PCB cluster is called a panel or multiblock. The large panel is broken up or "depaneled" as a certain step in the process - depending on the product, it may happen right after SMT process, after in-circuit test (ICT), after soldering of through-hole elements, or even right before the final assembly of the PCB assembly (PCBA) into the enclosure.

In-circuit testing
In-circuit testing (ICT) is an example of white box testing where an electrical probe tests a populated printed circuit board (PCB), checking for shorts, opens, resistance, capacitance, and other basic quantities which will show whether the assembly was correctly fabricated. It may be performed with a "bed of nails" test fixture and specialist test equipment, or with a fixtureless in-circuit test setup. In-Circuit Test (ICT) is a widely used and cost-efficient method for testing medium- to high-volume electronic printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs). It has maintained its popularity over the years due to its ability to diagnose component-level faults and its operational speed.

Using In-Circuit Test fixtures is a very effective way of maintaining standards when carrying out tests. It can help to reduce production downtime by identifying faults early in the testing process, ensuring that defective products are removed from the production line and fixed.
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974 is a remix album of recordings by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, as arranged and mixed by Bill Laswell. It is subtitled "Reconstruction and Mix Translation by Bill Laswell". The album was released on February 16, 1998, by Sony Records.

It contains compositions from Davis's prior albums, including In a Silent Way (1969), On the Corner (1972), and Get Up With It (1974); combined with elements of ambient music and chill music. The album was composed as a dark, continuous tone poem divided by four sections of Davis' jazz fusion recordings.

Panthalassa received generally positive reviews from music critics and sold well, charting at number four on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums.

Paul Tingen
Paul Tingen is a Dutch-born music writer. Tingen wrote Miles Beyond: The Electric Explorations of Miles Davis, 1967–1991, published in 2001. He has a monthly column in Sound on Sound magazine, and he writes music articles for other publications.
Dokuy Department
Dokuy or Dokui is a department or commune of Kossi Province in western Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Dokuy. According to the 1996 census the department has a total population of 40,588.

Departments of Burkina Faso
The provinces of Burkina Faso are divided into 351 departments (as of 2014 and since local elections of 2012), whose urbanized areas (cities, towns and villages) are grouped into the same commune (municipality) with the same name as the department. The department also covers rural areas (including national natural parks) that are not governed locally by the elected municipal council of the commune (presided by its mayor, with representants elected for each village or urban sector), but by the state represented at departmental level by a prefect (supervized by the haut-commissaire of its province, themself assisted by a general secretary and acting under the hierarchic authority the governor of its region, all of them being nominated by the national government).
Yulin Township, Chongqing
Yulin Township (simplified Chinese: 鱼鳞乡; traditional Chinese: 魚鱗鄉; pinyin: Yúlín Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Wuxi County, Chongqing, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 4 villages under its administration.

Wuxi County
Wuxi County (Chinese: 巫溪县; pinyin: Wūxī Xiàn) is a county of Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China, bordering Shaanxi to the north and Hubei to the northeast and east. Sitting at the upper reaches of Daning River and the southern slopes of the central Daba Mountains.  It is best known for its scenic views and its preserved witchcraft culture.

Wuxi County is noted as a major tourism site of Chongqing.
Gaius Fabius Ambustus (magister equitum 315 BC)
Gaius Fabius Ambustus was a general and politician of ancient Rome. He was the son apparently of Marcus Fabius Ambustus, and brother to Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus and to the Marcus Fabius Ambustus who was magister equitum in 322 BC.  He himself was appointed Master of the Horse in 315 BC in place of Quintus Aulius Cerretanus, who had fallen in battle while serving as Master of the Horse to Gaius's brother Marcus.

Magister equitum
The magister equitum, in English master of the horse or master of the cavalry, was a Roman magistrate appointed as lieutenant to a dictator.  His nominal function was to serve as commander of the Roman cavalry in time of war, but just as a dictator could be nominated to respond to other crises, so the magister equitum could operate independently of the cavalry; like the dictator, the appointment of a magister equitum served both military and political purposes.
Donald "Flash" Gordon
Donald "Flash" Gordon (July 17, 1920 – January 4, 2010) was an American naval aviator and flying ace, having shot down at least seven Japanese aircraft during World War II. He was a fighter pilot in the United States Navy and a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
Toshiharu Ueda
Toshiharu Ueda (上田 利治, Ueda Toshiharu; January 18, 1937 – July 1, 2017) was a professional Japanese baseball player, coach, and manager. In 20 seasons as a manager, he won 1,322 games and led the Hankyu Braves to three Japan Series titles (which included their first championship in 1975) to go along with five Pacific League pennants. He is one of six managers to win the Japan Series three times in NPB history. He was elected to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2003.

Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame
The Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (野球体育博物館, Yakyū Taiiku Hakubutsukan), commonly known outside of Japan as the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame, is a hall of fame and museum in Tokyo dedicated to professional baseball, with a prominent focus on professional baseball in Japan. The Hall is intended to honor and commemorate inducted players, executives, umpires, and other individuals who developed and/or made a significant impact towards the sport of baseball in Japan.
Kings Heath
Kings Heath (historically, and still occasionally King's Heath) is a suburb of south Birmingham, England, four miles south of the city centre. Historically in Worcestershire, it is the next suburb south from Moseley on the A435 Alcester Road. Since 2018 it has been part of the Brandwood and Kings Heath Ward.

Moseley
Moseley (/ˈmoʊzliː/ MOZE-lee) is an affluent suburb in south Birmingham, England, three miles (five kilometres) south of the city centre.

It is located within the eponymous Moseley ward of the constituency of Hall Green and Moseley in the ceremonial county of the West Midlands. It historically lay within Worcestershire, abutting the county border with Warwickshire.
Kwakwani
Kwakwani is a mining and logging village on the Berbice River in the Upper Demerara-Berbice region of Guyana. Its altitude is 44 metres (147 feet). Kwakwani is approximately 100 km south of Linden. In 1942, the Berbice Bauxite Company opened a bauxite mine in the area which is the main industry of the village. The population as of 2012 is about 2,504 people.

The village has a school and a clinic. It can be access via the unpaved road from Linden to Kwakani via Ituni, and is one of the many gateways to the interior of Guyana. The village is also home to Kwakwani Airport.

Linden, Guyana
Linden is the second largest city in Guyana after Georgetown, and capital of the Upper Demerara-Berbice region, located at 6°0′0″N 58°18′0″W﻿ / ﻿6.00000°N 58.30000°W﻿ / 6.00000; -58.30000, altitude 48 m (160 ft). It was declared a town in 1970, and includes the communities of MacKenzie, Christianburg, and Wismar. It lies on the Demerara River and has a population of 33,183 as of 2022. It is primarily a bauxite mining town, containing many mines 60–90 m deep, with many other pits now in disuse.