hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel
Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel (19 January 1736, in Middelburg – 7 May 1800, in Lingen) was Grand Pensionary of Zeeland and, from 9 November 1787 to 4 February 1795, of Holland. He was an Orangist, which means that he was a supporter of Prince William V of Orange. He became grand pensionary of Holland when the Prussian army had reinstated William V in power in 1787. He fled to Germany in 1795, when the French defeated the Dutch army and an anti-Orangist revolution broke out. He died in Lingen, Prussia.
Van de Spiegel was the last Grand Pensionary of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, which was replaced with the Batavian Republic modelled after the French revolutionary state.

Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel was married to Digna Johanna Ossewaarde (1741–1813). The couple had eight children, one of them, jonkheer Cornelis Duvelaer van de Spiegel (1771–1829), was a member of parliament (1815–29) after the French era. Cornelis was ennobled by King William I in 1815.

Grand pensionary
The grand pensionary (Dutch: raadpensionaris) was the most important government official during the time of the Dutch Republic. In theory, a grand pensionary was merely a civil servant of the Estates of the dominant province, the County of Holland, among the Seven United Provinces. In practice, the grand pensionary of Holland was the political leader of the entire Dutch Republic when there was no stadtholder at the centre of power.

The position of the grand pensionary is not easily expressed in modern political terms but is sometimes compared to that of a prime minister. Fundamental differences are that a raadpensionaris had no fellow ministers, did not lead a ministry or department and had no head of state above him.
St Huberts Island, New South Wales
St Huberts Island is a canal estate and suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia connected to the mainland at Daleys Point. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

The modern-day development of St Huberts Island happened when Hooker-Rex Developments (now LJ Hooker Realty) built residential developments on the site in the early 1970s.

The population of the suburb recorded at the 2021 census was 1,080.

Daleys Point, New South Wales
Daleys Point is a south-eastern suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia on the Bouddi Peninsula. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. The median house price in January 2010 was A$950,000.
Locomotion Museum
Locomotion, previously known as Locomotion the National Railway Museum at Shildon, is a railway museum in Shildon, County Durham, England. The museum was renamed in 2017 when it became part of the Science Museum Group.

Shildon railway works
54°37′30″N 1°39′09″W﻿ / ﻿54.625021°N 1.652446°W﻿ / 54.625021; -1.652446
Shildon railway works opened in 1833 in the town of Shildon in County Durham, England. Originally built to serve the Stockton and Darlington Railway the works grew to cover 40 acres (16 ha) (11 acres or 4.5 ha roofed), employing 2,750 staff.
8701 Evolution Tour
8701 Evolution Tour was the debut concert tour by American recording artist Usher. Visiting North America, Asia, Canada, and Africa the tour accompanies his third studio album, 8701 (2001). Following a milestone, 8701 sold 6 million copies worldwide and spawning two Billboard Hot 100 number one singles "U Remind Me", "U Got It Bad" and hit song "U Don't Have To Call".

Nice & Slow
"Nice & Slow" is a song from American singer Usher's second album, My Way (1997). Released on January 6, 1998 by LaFace and Arista, the song became Usher's first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1998. The song was written by Usher, Brian Casey of the R&B group Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal, and Jermaine Dupri.
Satawal
Satawal is a solitary coral atoll of one island with about 500 people on just over 1 km2 (0.39 sq mile) located in the Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. Satawal is the easternmost island in the Yap island group and is located approximately 70 kilometers (43 mi) east of Lamotrek.

Yap
Yap (Yapese: Waqab, sometimes written as Wa'ab, Waab or Waqaab) traditionally refers to an island group located in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, a part of Yap State. The name "Yap" in recent years has come to also refer to the state within the Federated States of Micronesia, inclusive of the Yap Main Islands and its various outer islands, the Yap Neighboring Islands. For specifying the island group, the name Yap Main Islands is most exact.
Mboyo Iyomi
Mboyo Iyomi (born 18 April 1984) is a Congolese-Somalian former professional footballer who predominantly played as a forward. He last played for Angolan Girabola outfit C.R. Caála in 2012. Besides Congo, he has played in Angola, Yemen, and India.

2007–08 I-League
The 2007–08 I-League kicked off on 24 November 2007 at the Fatorda Stadium, Margao, Goa. The first match of the season was played between the two Goan clubs Dempo and Salgaocar.

The top team in the I-League qualified for the qualifying phase of the 2009 AFC Champions League, while the bottom two teams were relegated to I-League 2nd Division in the next season.
Krambambula (band)
Krambambula is a Belarusian band from Minsk, started by Lavon Volski (also the founder of N.R.M.) in 2001. The name of the band is derived from a popular Belarusian alcoholic tincture of the same name. The band performs humorous and satirical songs, often on an alcoholic theme. Krambambula was banned in Belarus from 2011 to 2017.

Neuro Dubel
Neuro Dubel (Russian: Нейро Дюбель, Belarusian: Нейра Дзюбель) is a Belarusian punk rock band originating from Minsk signed by West Records. It was founded by Alaksandar Kulinkovič (born 18 May 1972, died 4 August 2018) and his brother-in-law Hienadź Ahiejčyk on 17 July 1989. The band was recognized as Rock-Kings twice at the Rock Coronation Belarusian Music Awards.
Hatun Pata
Hatun Pata (Quechua hatun big (in Bolivia always jatun), pata elevated place; above, at the top; edge; bank (of a river), shore, "big elevated place", also spelled Jatun Pata) is a 5,182-metre (17,001 ft) mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Ascensión District. Hatun Pata lies northwest of Pinqullu and northeast of Pata Pata. The river Kachimayu originates south of the mountain. It flows to the northeast as a tributary of Ichhu River.

Chonta mountain range
The Chonta mountain range (possibly from Aymara chunta prolonged, lengthened, Quechua chunta a kind of palm,) lies in the Huancavelica Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 12°37' and 13°07'S and  75°00' and 75°30'W for about 50 km. It is located in the Castrovirreyna Province and in the Huancavelica Province.
Duri, New South Wales
Duri is a village south of Tamworth in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the Werris Creek Road and the Main North railway line. At the 2021 census, Duri had a population of 463.

A railway station was located there between 1879 and 1985. There is now only a Public School named Duri Public School, a post office and a public playground.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
Patrick Geraghty
Patrick Geraghty (February 4, 1843 - ?) was an American farmer and schoolteacher from Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, who spent a single one-year term as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Sheboygan County.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Daigakkō
Daigakkō (大学校, daigakkō) is a word used in names of some post-secondary educational institutions in Japan.  The National Defense Academy of Japan (Bōei Daigakkō) was established with École Polytechnique as its model. Most institutions in Japan that use "daigakkō" as part of their name are not certified as degree-issuing secondary schools by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology or National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation (NIAD-UE), an independent organization.

National Defense Academy of Japan
National Defense Academy of Japan (防衛大学校, Bōei Daigakkō), abbreviated NDA (防大, Bōdai) is the national, four-year university-level service academy aimed to educate and train students who will be serving as officers in the three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. It is located in Yokosuka, Kanagawa.
Grand Mufti of India
The Grand Mufti of India is the most senior and influential religious authority of the Sunni Muslim Community of India. The incumbent is Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad, general secretary of All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama, who was conferred the title in February 2019 at the Gareeb Nawaz Peace Conference held at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi, organised by the All India Tanzeem Ulama-e-Islam.

Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri
Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri (18 July 1892 – 11 November 1981) was an Indian Islamic scholar affiliated with the Barelvi movement. He was the son of Ahmad Raza Khan. On his death date his followers celebrate his urs on every 14th Muharram of the Islamic calendar.
Decommunization
Decommunization in former communist states is the process of purging former communist high officials and eliminating communist symbols.

It is sometimes referred to as political cleansing. Although the term has been occasionally used during the Cold War, it is most commonly applied to the former countries of the Eastern Bloc, those countries that were considered being close to the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union to describe a number of legal and social changes during their periods of postcommunism during the post–Cold War era.

In some states, decommunization includes bans on communist symbols. While sharing common traits, the processes of decommunization have run differently in different states.

Post-communism
Post-communism is the period of political and economic transformation or transition in post-Soviet states and other formerly communist states located in Central-Eastern Europe and parts of Latin America, Africa, and Asia, in which new governments aimed to create free market-oriented capitalist economies. In 1989–1992, communist party governance collapsed in most communist party-governed states. After severe hardships communist parties retained control in China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. SFR Yugoslavia began to disintegrate, which plunged the country into a long complex series of wars between ethnic groups and nation-states. Soviet-oriented communist movements collapsed in countries where they were not in control.
Zastler Hut
The Zastler Hut (German: Zastler Hütte) is a managed mountain hut situated at a height of 1,256 m above NHN in the Black Forest in Germany. It is located in the Zastler Loch northwest of the Feldberg summit, the highest peak in the Black Forest and state of Baden-Württemberg.

Krummbach (Dreisam)
The Krummbach is a left tributary of the Dreisam in the Southern Black Forest east of Freiburg im Breisgau in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is just under 17 kilometres long, In its upper reaches it is better known as the Zastlerbach; in its middle course it is also known as the Osterbach.
Orhei
Orhei (Romanian pronunciation: [orˈhej]) is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in the Republic of Moldova, with a population of 22,183. It lies roughly 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of the capital, Chișinău.

Old Orhei
Old Orhei (Romanian: Orheiul Vechi) is a Moldovan historical and archaeological complex located in Trebujeni, which is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) north-east of Chișinău on the Răut River in the Republic of Moldova.
Suon-Tit
Suon-Tit (Russian: Суон-Тит; Yakut: Суон Тиит, Suon Tiit) is a rural locality (a selo) in Momsky Rural Okrug of Momsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from Khonuu, the administrative center of both the district and the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 131, down from 154 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Khonuu
Khonuu (Russian: Хонуу; Yakut: Хонуу, romanized: Xonuu) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Momsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Indigirka River. Population:  2,476 (2010 Census); 2,494 (2002 Census); 3,057 (1989 Soviet census).
1951 Taça de Portugal final
The 1951 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1950–51 Taça de Portugal, the 11th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 10 June 1951 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Académica and Benfica. Benfica defeated Académica 5–1 to claim their fifth Taça de Portugal.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
Positive stereotype
In social psychology, a positive stereotype refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Common examples of positive stereotypes are Asians with better math ability, African Americans with greater athletic ability, and women with being warmer and more communal. As opposed to negative stereotypes, positive stereotypes represent a "positive" evaluation of a group that typically signals an advantage over another group. As such, positive stereotypes may be considered a form of compliment or praise. However, positive stereotypes can have a positive or negative effect on targets of positive stereotypes. The positive or negative influence of positive stereotypes on targets depends on three factors: (1) how the positive stereotype is stated, (2) who is stating the positive stereotype, (3) in what culture the positive stereotype is presented (e.g., Western contexts vs. East Asian contexts).

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
IBRO Neuroscience Reports
IBRO Neuroscience Reports (formerly known as IBRO Reports) is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering neuroscience. It was established in 2016 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). It is the sister journal of IBRO's main journal, Neuroscience. The editor-in-chief is Y.S. Chan (The University of Hong Kong). The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, and PubMed Central.

Neuroscience (journal)
Neuroscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience. It was established in 1976 with P.G. Kostyuk, Rodolfo Llinás, and A.D. Smith as founding editors-in-chief and originally published by Pergamon Press. The current editor-in-chief is Juan Lerma Gómez (Spanish National Research Council). The journal is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).

The journal continues the IBRO News section formerly published in Brain Research.
Libya–Pakistan relations
The Libya–Pakistan relations are the international and bilateral relations between Libya and Pakistan. The relations remain friendly and bonded throughout its history as both countries share similar religious identities, and cultural links, particularly their Islamic heritage.
The bilateral relations were established in the 1950s when King Idris agreed to provide financial aid to the then-impoverished Pakistan.

Bhutto family
The Bhutto family is a  Pakistani political family of Sindhi background, belonging to the Bhutto clan. The Bhuttos have played a prominent role in Pakistani politics and government. The Bhuttos have been settled in Sindh for over three centuries and have held the leadership of the Pakistan People's Party since its inception in 1967.

Two members of the family, Zulfikar and Benazir Bhutto, have been the Prime Ministers of Pakistan, whereas Asif Ali Zardari, Benazir's widower, has been the President of Pakistan twice, from 2008 to 2013 and from 2024 to present.
Harit Pradesh
Harit Pradesh is a proposed new state of India comprising the western parts of the state of Uttar Pradesh. The etymology derives from harit, meaning 'green', and pradesh, meaning 'state'. Other proposed names include Braj Pradesh (which would include only parts of this region), Haritanchal and Paschim Pradesh. It consists of an area of 71,231 km2, which is 29.27% of UP and a population of 6.67 crores, which is roughly 34% of UP.

The region has some demographic, economic and cultural patterns that are distinct from other parts of Uttar Pradesh, and more closely resemble those of Haryana, Punjab and North Rajasthan areas. For instance, dialects of Hindi spoken here (Khadiboli and Braj Bhasha) are distinct from Bhojpuri spoken in Purvanchal and Awadhi in Central UP. Similarly, some of the festivals like Chhath puja are also significantly more popular in Purvanchal compared to Western Uttar Pradesh.

Proposed states and union territories of India
The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved with the Parliament of India, which can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them. As of October 2025, there are 28 states and eight union territories in India.

There have been demands to create several new states and union territories. However, demanding a separate state from the administration of Indian union is punishable under secession law in India.
Xinfengjiang Dam
The Xinfengjiang Dam (Chinese: 新丰江水电站; Jyutping: san1 fung1 gong1 seoi2 din6 zaam6, also known as the Xinfeng Dam) is a gravity dam on the Xinfeng River, 8 km (5 mi) upstream of its confluence with the Dong River, and just west of Heyuan City in Guangdong Province, China. The dam's power station has a 292.5 MW installed capacity and its reservoir supplies water for farming along with drinking water to Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Construction on the dam began in 1958, the first generator was operational in 1960 and the dam complete in 1962. The dam's reservoir-filling is attributed to several earthquakes within the project area including a 6.1-magnitude (Mw) on March 19, 1962.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Tagetes foetidissima
Tagetes foetidissima is a Mesoamerican species of marigolds in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and Central America from Tamaulipas to Costa Rica. Common name is "flor de muerto," Spanish for "death flower."

Tagetes foetidissima is a branching annual herb sometimes as much as 100 cm (40 inches) tall. Leaves are up to 9 cm (3.6 inches) long, divided into 11-29 toothed leaflets. One plant produces many small flower heads in a flat-topped array, each head contains 5 small, pale yellow ray florets surrounding about 7 greenish-yellow disc florets. The head is cylindrical, with purple bracts along the outside.

The plant grows in disturbed areas and has been reported as a weed in cultivated maize fields. It is aromatic but with an odor that most humans find disagreeable.

Tagetes
Tagetes (/tæˈdʒiːtiːz/) is a genus  of 50 species of annual or perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in the family Asteraceae. They are among several groups of plants known in English as marigolds. The genus Tagetes was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

Originally called cempōhualxōchitl, by the Nahua people, these plants are native to Central and Southern Mexico and several other Latin American countries. Some species have become naturalized around the world. One species, T. minuta, is considered a noxious invasive plant in some areas.
2023 Hazfi Cup final
2023 Hazfi Cup final was the final match of the 36th edition of Hazfi Cup that was held between Esteghlal Tehran and Persepolis at Azadi Stadium in Tehran on 31 May 2023.

Originally, the final was planned to be held at Shohadaye Mes Kerman Stadium in Kerman accourding to quarter-final stage draw but later, due to pitch issues, the second priority was selected, Yadegar-e Emam Stadium in Tabriz. However, the opposition of East Azerbaijan Football Board, didn't let Tabriz to be host of the final match. Finally, such as previous season, Azadi Stadium in Tehran chose as the host stadium.

This was the 6th Tehran derby match in Hazfi Cup and 2nd derby in final. The previous results between Esteghlal and Perspolis in Hazfi Cup are as follows:

2022–23 Persian Gulf Pro League
The 2022–23 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 40th season of Iran's Football League and 22nd as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. The 2022–23 season started on 11 August 2022 and featured 14 teams from the 2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2021–22 Azadegan League: Mes Kerman and Malavan. Shahriyar Moghanlou of Sepahan was the top scorer with 13 goals.