hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Program equilibrium
Program equilibrium is a  game-theoretic solution concept for a scenario in which players submit computer programs to play the game on their behalf and the programs can read each other's source code. The term was introduced by Moshe Tennenholtz in 2004. The same setting had previously been studied by R. Preston McAfee, J. V. Howard and Ariel Rubinstein.

Solution concept
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called "solutions", and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium.

Many solution concepts, for many games, will result in more than one solution. This puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented in the following improves on its predecessor by eliminating implausible equilibria in richer games.
Thunderbird School of Global Management
The Thunderbird School of Global Management  (or simply Thunderbird) is a global leadership, management, and business school at Arizona State University, a public research university in the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was founded in 1946 as an independent, private institution and acquired by Arizona State University in 2014. The school moved to ASU's Downtown Phoenix campus in 2018 from its original location at the former WWII USAAF Thunderbird Field, from which the school was named. The campus built a new $75 million building for the school in 2021.

Thunderbird is a unit of the Arizona State University Enterprise. Its programs are accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).

As of 2018, the school had around 45,000 alumni, also referred to as "Thunderbirds” or "T-birds."

North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
The North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA), also known as the North Central Association, was a membership organization, consisting of colleges, universities, and schools in 19 U.S. states engaged in educational accreditation. It was one of six regional accreditation bodies in the U.S. and its Higher Learning Commission was recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) as a regional accreditor for higher education institutions.

The organization was dissolved in 2014.  The primary and secondary education accreditation functions of the association have been merged into AdvancED with the postsecondary education accreditation functions vested in the Higher Learning Commission.
Is Theosophy a Religion?
"Is Theosophy a Religion?" is an editorial published in November 1888 in the theosophical magazine Lucifer; it was compiled by Helena Blavatsky. It was included in the 10th volume of the author's Collected Writings. According to Arnold Kalnitsky, in the article it is about the problems of religion from the Theosophical point of view.

J. Gordon Melton
John Gordon Melton (born September 19, 1942) is an American religious scholar who was the founding director of the Institute for the Study of American Religion and was the Distinguished Professor of American Religious History with the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University in Waco, Texas where he resides. He is also an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church.

Melton is the author of more than forty-five books, including several encyclopedias, handbooks, and scholarly textbooks on American religious history, Methodism, world religions, and new religious movements (NRMs). His areas of research include major religious traditions, American Methodism, new and alternative religions, Western Esotericism and occultism, and parapsychology, New Age, and Dracula and vampire studies.
Central Commission of Municipal Council Elections
The Central Commission of Municipal Council Elections (CCMCE) is a Libyan electoral commission for organising municipal elections to replace councils elected in 2014. The intention was to hold a full set of municipal elections in 2018.

Election commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a central or state election commission, or an election board, an electoral council  or an electoral court. Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner.
Natal Railway 4-4-0T Perseverance
The Natal Railway 4-4-0T Perseverance of 1876 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

In January 1876, the Natal Railway Company obtained its third and last locomotive, a broad gauge 4-4-0T engine, built by Kitson and Company and named Perseverance. The Natal Government Railways had been established during the previous year. On 1 January 1877, all the assets of the Natal Railway Company were taken over by the Government of the Colony of Natal and became part of the new Government Railways.

Trinidad Government Railway
The Trinidad Government Railway existed between 1876 and 28 December 1968.  Originally built to connect Port of Spain with Arima, the railway was extended to Couva in 1880, San Fernando in 1882, Cunapo (now Sangre Grande) in 1897, Tabaquite in 1898, Siparia in 1913 and Rio Claro in 1914.
Delmar T. Spivey
Major General Delmar Taft Spivey (August 9, 1905 – January 18, 1982) was an American military officer involved with aerial gunnery systems development, air education, and command structure. During World War II, he was the senior American officer of Center Compound, Stalag Luft III prisoner of war camp in Sagan, Germany.

Largo, Florida
Largo is the third largest city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, and the fourth largest in the Tampa Bay area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 82,485, up from 77,648 in 2010.

Largo was first incorporated in 1905. In 1913, it became the first municipality in Pinellas County to adopt a council-manager government. It switched back and forth between "town" and "city" a few times, and became a city again in 1974. It was an exporter of agricultural products until the 1960s population growth began to transform it into a bedroom community. From 1905 to 2010, Largo grew in area from 9⁄16 of a square mile (1.5 km2) to about 19 square miles (48 km2), and in population from about 300 people to more than 70,000. Largo began as a rural farming community and became the third largest city in Florida's most densely populated county.

Largo is a sister city to Tosayamada, Kōchi, Japan, and has been named a National Arbor Day Tree City for 35 years in a row as of 2023.
Cloverfield (franchise)
Cloverfield is an American science fiction anthology film series and media franchise created and produced by J. J. Abrams consisting of three films, viral marketing websites linking the films together, and a tie-in manga to the first film titled Cloverfield/Kishin (2008), all set in a shared fictional universe referred to as the "Cloververse". The franchise as a whole deals with creatures from other dimensions attacking Earth throughout various decades, all as a repercussion of an experiment by an astronaut team aboard the outer-space Cloverfield Station in the near-future. Each film depicts the reality-altering effects of their study, which was meant to find a new energy source replacing the planet's depleted resources, only to open portals for assault from various beasts from deep space. All three installments are standalone in nature, though they connect through the Cloverfield story thread.  A direct sequel to the first film was announced to be in development in early 2021.

T.J. Miller
Todd Joseph Miller (born June 4, 1981) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter. He played Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley (2014–2017) and the Marvel Comics  character Weasel in the superhero comedy film Deadpool (2016) and its 2018 sequel.

Miller took supporting roles in comedies such as Yogi Bear (2010), Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012), and Goon: Last of the Enforcers (2017) as well in action films such as Unstoppable (2010), Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014), Ready Player One (2018), and Underwater (2020). He also voiced characters in the How to Train Your Dragon films (2010–2014) and the television series DreamWorks Dragons (2012–2018), as well as Big Hero 6 (2014) and The Emoji Movie (2017).
Charles Kenward
Charles Kenward (7 September 1877 – 14 November 1948) was an English first-class cricketer.

Kenward was born at Icklesham Manor House in the village of Icklesham, Sussex to Trayton Kenward and his wife Emily Turtle. His father was a farmer of over 1,000 acres (4.0 km2). Kenward made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Gentlemen of England against Oxford University at Oxford in 1905. Batting twice during the match, Kenward was dismissed for 43 runs by Robin Udal in the Gentlemen of England first-innings, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Francis Henley for 4 runs.

He was later a Land Tax Commissioner for the county of Sussex in 1938. He died at Rye, Sussex in November 1948. His brother, Richard Kenward, was also a first-class cricketer.

Francis Henley
Francis Anthony Hoste Henley (11 February 1884 – 26 June 1963) was an English first-class cricketer active 1903–08 who played for Middlesex and Oxford University. He was a son of Anthony Henley, who played cricket for Hampshire.

Henley was born  on 11 February 1884 in Woodbridge, Suffolk, and was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He was a son of Anthony Henley, who played cricket for Hampshire. During World War I he was an officer in the Army Service Corps. In 1924 he wrote The Boys' Book of Cricket. He died on 26 June 1963 in Wheathampstead, aged 79 years old .
Trifluoromethyl group
The trifluoromethyl group is a functional group that has the formula −CF3. The naming of is group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula −CH3), by replacing each hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom. Some common examples are trifluoromethane H−CF3, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane H3C−CF3, and hexafluoroacetone F3C−CO−CF3. Compounds with this group are a subclass of the organofluorines.

Hexafluoroacetone
Hexafluoroacetone (HFA) is a chemical compound with the formula (CF3)2CO. It is structurally similar to acetone; however, its reactivity is markedly different. It is a colourless, hygroscopic, nonflammable, highly reactive gas characterized by a musty odour.  According to electron diffraction, HFA and acetone adopt very similar structures, the C-O distance being only longer in the fluorinated compound (124.6 vs 121.0 pm), possibly due to steric effects.

The term "hexafluoroacetone" can refer to the sesquihydrate (1.5 H2O), which is a hemihydrate of hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol (F3C)2C(OH)2, a geminal diol.  Hydrated HFA behaves differently from the anhydrous material.
1893 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1893 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the fifth staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Laune Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 6 August 1893 at the Athletic Ground in Tralee, between Laune Rangers and Keel Geraldines, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Laune Rangers won the match by 1–01 to 0–02 to claim their fourth championship title overall, a second titles in succession and a fourth title in five years.

1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1889 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board.

On 26 May 1889, Laune Rangers won the championship following a 0–06 to 0–03 defeat of Dr. Crokes in the final at the Kerry County Athletic Club grounds.
Pahrump Valley Times
The Pahrump Valley Times is a bi-weekly printed newspaper and online news site in Pahrump, Nevada, that covers news regarding Pahrump as well as areas around Nye County. The newspaper started its circulation on December 23, 1971, and has continued to offer printed editions for its subscribers since. Its online news site was launched in the early 1990s, and an electronic edition of its printed newspaper followed in early 2020. Pahrump Valley Times is currently affiliated with the Las Vegas Review-Journal publication group.

Pahrump, Nevada
Pahrump (/pəˈrʌmp/ pə-RUMP) is an unincorporated town located at the southernmost tip of Nye County, Nevada, United States, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Las Vegas (roughly an hour away by driving distance). Pahrump lies adjacent to the Nevada–California border and the area had a population of 44,738 as of the 2020 census.
Cascocauda
Cascocauda (meaning "ancient tail") is an extinct genus of anurognathid pterosaurs from the Late–⁠Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Hebei Province, China. The genus contains a single species, C. rong, known from a complete skeleton belonging to a juvenile individual preserved with extensive soft-tissues, including wing membranes and a dense covering of pycnofibres. Some of these pycnofibres appear to be branched, resembling the feathers of maniraptora theropod dinosaurs, suggesting that pterosaur pycnofibres may be closely related to feathers in dinosaurs.

Patagium
The patagium (pl.: patagia) is a membranous body part that assists an animal in obtaining lift when gliding or flying. The structure is found in extant and extinct groups of flying and gliding animals including bats, theropod dinosaurs (including birds and some dromaeosaurs), pterosaurs, gliding mammals, some flying lizards, and flying frogs. The patagium that stretches between an animal's hind limbs is called the uropatagium (especially in bats) or the interfemoral membrane.
Towrang railway station
Towrang railway station was a railway station on the Main South railway line, serving the locality of Towrang, New South Wales, Australia. It originally opened as a platform on 19 May 1869, called Mannafields after a property of the same name. On 11 March 1870 the platform was renamed Towrang. The initial platform was later replaced by a new station to the north, in 1874. It was an active station with a siding to load local agricultural produce. The station closed on 9 November 1974 and was demolished in the 1980s. Little evidence remains of the station, although two sets of points were later installed at the site to allow access to either track at times of track maintenance.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
John Dobson (amateur astronomer)
John Lowry Dobson (14 September 1915 – 15 January 2014) was an American amateur astronomer and is best known for the Dobsonian telescope, a portable, low-cost Newtonian reflector telescope. He was also known for his efforts to promote awareness of astronomy (and his unorthodox views of physical cosmology) through public lectures including his performances of  "sidewalk astronomy". Dobson was also the co-founder of the amateur astronomical group, the San Francisco Sidewalk Astronomers.

Amateur telescope making
Amateur telescope making is the activity of building telescopes as a hobby, as opposed to being a paid professional. Amateur telescope makers (sometimes called ATMs) build their instruments for personal enjoyment of a technical challenge, as a way to obtain an inexpensive or personally customized telescope, or as a research tool in the field of astronomy. Amateur telescope makers are usually a sub-group in the field of amateur astronomy.
Salsa macha
Salsa macha is a Mexican spicy condiment typically made of vegetable oil, dried chilies, garlic and salt.  
The chilies may be chile de árbol, serrano, chipotle, pequin or morita.
Its origin is possibly Veracruz.
The name macha may come from the feminine form of macho, i. e., "strong, brave" because the resulting salsa was stronger than other salsas or from the adjective machacada ("mashed") because of its original preparation being crushed in a mortar.
It can be used to accompany pozole, tacos, carne asada, fish, quesadillas, chamorro, botanas, etc.

Quesadilla
A quesadilla (/ˌkeɪsəˈdiːjə/; Spanish: [kesaˈðiʝa] ⓘ; Spanish diminutive of quesada) is a Mexican dish made from a tortilla folded in half or two tortillas that are filled with cheese (queso), and sometimes meats, spices, and other fillings, and then cooked on a griddle or stove. Traditionally, corn tortillas are used, but the dish can also be made with flour tortillas. Quesadillas are frequently sold at Mexican restaurants all over the world.
Malaysia–Singapore Third Crossing
The Malaysia–Singapore Third Crossing (Malay: Laluan Ketiga Malaysia–Singapura, Chinese: 第三通道), is a proposed bridge connecting either Punggol, Pasir Ris or Changi in Singapore and Pasir Gudang in Johor, Malaysia according to the master plan by Iskandar Malaysia. If built, Pasir Gudang will be the third city in the Greater Johor Bahru region after Johor Bahru and Iskandar Puteri to have a direct link with Singapore.

Iskandar Malaysia
Iskandar Malaysia (formerly known as Iskandar Development Region and South Johor Economic Region), is the main southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia. It was established on 8 November 2006. Iskandar Malaysia is currently the largest special economic zone in Malaysia by investment value, having a total amount of over RM413.1 billion.
Fuji Yusui no Sato Aquarium
Fuji Yusui no Sato Aquarium(山梨県立富士湧水の里水族館) or Fuji Spring Water Aquarium　is a prefectural public aquarium specializing in freshwater fish, located in Oshino-mura, Minami-tsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture.  It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA).

Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA, in Japanese: 日本動物園水族館協会, Nihon Dōbutsu-en Suizokukan Kyōkai) is an organization for the zoo and aquarium community in Japan. As of April 30, 2021, JAZA has 90 member zoos and 50 member aquariums. JAZA seeks to protect nature and animals through educational and conservation outreach.
Sandleford Priory (country house)
Sandleford Priory is a largely 18th century country house at Sandleford in the civil parish of Greenham in the English county of Berkshire. It incorporates the chapel of a former monastery and is currently the home of St Gabriel's School.

After the old monastery on the site was abandoned by its canons, the estate was given to the Dean and Canons of Windsor. They leased it out as a farm to various tenants before the Kingsmill family from Sydmonton Court converted it into a country house. This was subsequently much extended and elaborated by a later resident, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu.

Sidown Hill
At 255 metres (837 ft), Sidown Hill is the third highest hill in the county of Hampshire, England.

At the summit is a mid-18th century Grade II listed building known as Heaven's Gate which is hidden by the trees covering the top of the hill.

The hill is on the watershed of the Hampshire Basin and forms part of the Hampshire Downs.
 To the east is Beacon Hill (261 metres (856 ft)).

On 5 May 1945 a USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress of 326th Bombardment Squadron crashed on Sidown Hill with the loss of six of its crew of seven.
Calliphora loewi
Calliphora loewi is part of the family Calliphoridae, which consisted of bottle flies and blowflies, and in the genus Calliphora, blue bottle flies. The genus can be deceiving since C. loewi is not blue. Though this species is rare, it can play an important part in forensic entomology, spreading disease, and decomposing carrion. The life cycle of C. loewi is similar to the life cycle of the genus Calliphora. Since this species is rare there has not been much research on it.

Post-mortem interval
The post-mortem interval (PMI) is the time that has elapsed since an individual's death. When the time of death is not known, the interval may be estimated, and so an approximate time of death established. Postmortem interval estimations can range from hours, to days or even years depending on the type of evidence present. There are standard medical and scientific techniques supporting such an estimation.
Gotschnagrat
The Gotschnagrat is a mountain of the Plessur Alps, overlooking Klosters in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It is a minor prominence on the ridge descending east of the Casanna.

The Gotschnagrat can be reached by cable car from Klosters. In winter it is part of the large ski area between Davos and Klosters. According to the latest Swisstopo maps, the peak is 2,297 m (7,536 ft) high. It has a minor prominence of only 19 m (62 ft).

Plessur Alps
The Plessur Alps are a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and are considered to be part of the Western Rhaetian Alps. They are named after the river Plessur, which originates from the center of the ranges. The Plessur Alps are separated from the Glarus Alps in the west by the Rhine valley; from the Rätikon range in the north by the Landquart river valley (Prättigau); from the Albula Alps in the south-east by the Landwasser river valley; from the Oberhalbstein Alps in the south by the Albula river valley.

The Plessur Alps are drained by the rivers Rhine, Plessur, Landwasser and Landquart. The Arosa ski resort lies in the middle of the range.

Peaks of the Plessur Alps are the Aroser Rothorn (highest, 2,980 m (9,780 ft)) and Stätzerhorn (2,576 m (8,451 ft)).

The 2,377-metre (7,799 ft) Strela Pass is one of the major mountain passes in the range, and runs from Davos to Langwies.
Airdisco Phi-Phi
The Airdisco Phi-Phi was a single seat monoplane glider, designed specifically for the first British gliding competition held at Itford Hill in 1922, an endurance event.  It recorded one competitive flight but crashed on a second attempt.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
AEC 761T
The AEC 761T was a two-axle double deck trolleybus chassis manufactured by AEC. Based on the AEC Q-type bus chassis, only five were built; a demonstrator that was later purchased by Bradford, one in Southend-on-Sea and three exported to Sydney, Australia.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.