hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phil Parkinson
Philip John Parkinson (born 1 December 1967) is an English professional football manager and former midfielder. He is the current manager of EFL Championship club Wrexham.

Parkinson acquired a Social Science degree early into his career as a manager and is the only manager to take an English fourth-tier league club to the final of a major cup competition at Wembley Stadium, leading Bradford City of League Two to the 2013 League Cup final. During his career, he has achieved promotion six times: with Colchester to the Championship in 2006, with Bradford to League One in 2013, with Bolton Wanderers to the Championship in 2017, and with Wrexham to League Two in 2023, League One in 2024 and the Championship in 2025.

2022–23 National League
The 2022–23 National League season, known as the Vanarama National League for sponsorship reasons, was the eighth season under English football's new title of the National League, the nineteenth season consisting of three divisions, and the forty-fourth season overall.

This season saw the expansion of North and South divisions to 24 teams each, a planned increase which was originally scheduled in 2019 to occur ahead of the 2021–22 season. However, after the curtailment and voidance of the 2020–21 season for both North and South, promotion and relegation were postponed. For those reasons, the implementation of expansion plans was delayed until 2022–23.
Churches in Sycamore Historic District
As of 2007 there are five church buildings in the Sycamore Historic District, located in Sycamore, Illinois, United States, which are listed as contributing properties to the district. The Sycamore Historic District was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1978. When it was nominated to join the National Register there were seven church buildings within the district. One of those included is a residential structure that was utilized as a church when it was first constructed; the Arthur Stark House was once home to the Sycamore Universalist Church congregation. In the time since its listing, two churches have been destroyed or demolished. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. John was destroyed by fire in 2004 and the United Methodist Church in Sycamore is no longer extant, replaced by a modern office building.

DeKalb County, Illinois
DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,420. Its county seat is Sycamore. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lakatnik Point
Lakatnik Point (Bulgarian: нос Лакатник, ‘Nos Lakatnik’ \'nos la-'kat-nik\) is a point on the northwest coast of Smith Island, South Shetland Islands situated 1.6 km north-northeast of Lista Point, 11 km north-northeast of Cape James, 2.66 km southwest of Garmen Point and 22 km southwest of Cape Smith.  Formed by an offshoot of Neofit Peak.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2008.  Named after the settlement of Lakatnik in western Bulgaria.

63°00′30″S 62°37′18″W﻿ / ﻿63.00833°S 62.62167°W﻿ / -63.00833; -62.62167

Cape Smith
Cape Smith is a cape forming the north end of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The discovery of the South Shetland Islands was first reported in 1819 by Captain William Smith, for whom the cape is named.
Old Tibetan Chronicle
The Old Tibetan Chronicle is a collection of narrative accounts and songs relating to Tibet's Yarlung dynasty and the Tibetan Empire. The three manuscripts that comprise the only extant copies of the Chronicle are among the Dunhuang Manuscripts found in the early 20th century in the so-called "hidden library" at the Mogao Grottoes near Dunhuang, which is believed to have been sealed in the 11th century CE. The Chronicle, together with the Old Tibetan Annals comprise Tibet's earliest extant history.

Paul Pelliot
Paul Eugène Pelliot (28 May 1878 – 26 October 1945) was a French sinologist and Orientalist best known for his explorations of Central Asia and the Silk Road regions, and for his acquisition of many important Tibetan Empire-era manuscripts and Chinese texts at the Sachu printing center storage caves (Dunhuang), known as the Dunhuang manuscripts.

A hyperpolyglot, he spoke 13 Oriental languages, including among others Mandarin and Cantonese, Turkish, Russian, Mongolian, Hebrew, Uzbek, Pashto, and Tagalog, as well as Sanskrit, and even rarer languages such as Uyghur, and the extinct languages Sogdian and Tocharian.

He was a student of the Indologist Sylvain Lévi and the archaeologist Édouard Chavannes. Pelliot was a member of the French School of the Far East from 1899 to 1911, where he developed the school's sinology branch. In 1911, at the age of just 33, a chair in Languages, History, and Archaeology of Central Asia was created for him at the prestigious Collège de France.
Arthur A. Houghton Jr.
Arthur Amory Houghton Jr. (December 12, 1906 – April 3, 1990) was an American industrialist who served as the president of Steuben Glass Works, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New York Philharmonic.

Amory Houghton
Amory Houghton (July 27, 1899 – February 21, 1981) served as United States ambassador to France from 1957 to 1961 and as national president of the Boy Scouts of America. He was chairman of the board of Corning Glass Works (1941–1961). In 1959 he was elected as an honorary member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati.
Summit Public Schools (Charter school operator)
Summit Public Schools is a charter management organization (CMO) that operates seven schools, five in the San Francisco Bay Area and two in Washington. The headquarters is located in Redwood City, California.

Summit is the recipient of a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Charter management organization
A charter management organization (CMO) is an educational organization that operates charter schools in the United States.  Charter schools are public schools that operate independently of the local government school district.

A CMO contracts with a charter school to provide a specific service or set of services. They may not hold the charter except for in AZ.  By convention, a CMO manages at least three schools and serves at least 300 students. Additionally, they must be a separate business entity from the school.
Ron Syrett
Ronald Edward Syrett (5 January 1931 - 20 May 2018) was an English international rugby union player.

Syrett, the son of a butcher, grew up in Buckinghamshire and was educated at Wycombe Royal Grammar School.

A flanker, Syrett earned 11 England caps and was part of a Five Nations Championship title win in 1958. He made representative appearances for London Counties and Middlesex, while playing his club rugby with Wasps.

Syrett married the sister of England winger Ted Woodward. His younger brother, Dennis Syrett, was goalkeeper on the Wycombe Wanderers side that contested the 1957 FA Amateur Cup final at Wembley.

Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe
The Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe, is a selective boys' grammar school situated in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. As a state school, it does not charge fees for pupils to attend, but they must pass the 11 plus, an exam that some primary schools administer. In February 2011, the school became an Academy.

Established by Royal Charter in 1562 (originally established as a school in 1551), it is situated on Amersham Hill to the north of the town and has a capacity of about 1,370 boys aged between 11 and 19, open Monday to Friday from 8:00am to 3:30pm and later for co-curricular activities. The school has boarding facilities and was a DfES-designated Language College until 2010. From 2007-2010, it was also a Mathematics and ICT College. OFSTED gave it a Good ranking in its 2019 inspection.
1995 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1995 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 101st staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 21 June to 1 October 1995.

Kilmallock entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Patrickswell in the quarter-finals.

The final was played on 24 September 1995 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Patrickswell and Ballybrown, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in eight years. Patrickswell won the match by 2–19 to 0–08 to claim their 14th championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Patrickswell's Gary Kirby was the championship's top scorer with 1–46.

1993 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1993 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 99th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1888. The draw for the preliminary and first round pairings took place on 16 February 1993. The championship ran from 27 June to 26 September 1993.

Kilmallock were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Doon in the quarter-finals.

On 26 September 1993, Patrickswell won the championship after a 0–17 to 0–07 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their 13th championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.

Patrickswell's Gary Kirby was the championship's top scorer with 1–32.
Ohio State Route 749
State Route 749 (SR 749) is an east–west state highway in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its western terminus is at a signalized intersection with US 52 in the hamlet of New Palestine, and its eastern terminus is at another signalized intersection, this time SR 132, in the unincorporated community of Lindale.

U.S. Route 52 in Ohio
U.S. Route 52 (US 52) runs east–west across the southern part of the state of Ohio along the Ohio River, passing through or very near the cities and towns of Cincinnati, Portsmouth, and Ironton. For its first 19 miles (31 km) or so, the highway runs concurrently with Interstate 74 (I-74) and I-75 before it winds through downtown Cincinnati for several miles. The route is primarily two lanes between New Richmond and West Portsmouth, Ohio, where it becomes a four-lane partial access highway until it exits the state near Chesapeake.
Sai Vignesh
Sai Vignesh  is an Indian Vocalist, Playback Singer, and Musician. His main training in music is in Carnatic, but he has also sung in other genres. He has released many tracks for solo projects, toured internationally, has performed with music legends like Ilaiyaraaja, SP Balasubramanyam, Shankar Mahadevan, and has been a successful playback singer for Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films. Sai Vignesh got noticed as a contestant in Airtel Super Singer 4. He made his debut in playback singing in 2018 with Eghantham, but solidified his place in the industry as a playback singer in 2022 with hits like Kurumugil from Sita Ramam and the blockbuster song Varaha Roopam from Kantara. He won a Filmfare Award at the 68th_Filmfare_Awards_South for "Varaha Roopam" (Kantara).

Kadaikutty Singam
Kadaikutty Singam (transl. The youngest lion cub) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language action comedy drama film written and directed by Pandiraj and produced by Suriya on his studio 2D Entertainment. The film features an ensemble cast of Karthi, Sayyeshaa, Sathyaraj, Soori, Bhanupriya, Viji Chandrasekhar, Arthana Binu and Priya Bhavani Shankar. The film's music was composed by D. Imman and the cinematographer was by R. Velraj. The film was released on 13 July 2018. It won three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards: Best Film (Second Prize), Best Supporting Actress (Viji) and Best Cinematographer (Velraj).
Iosefa Enari Memorial Award
The Iosefa Enari Memorial Award is an annual award presented by Creative New Zealand at the Arts Pasifika Awards in honour of the late Samoan opera singer Iosefa Enari.

The award recognises the contribution of the late Iosefa Enari to the arts and in particular his pioneering role in Pacific opera. This study/travel award supports the career development of individual Pacific singers in New Zealand, across all classical vocal genres and career stages.

Arts Pasifika Awards
The Arts Pasifika Awards celebrate excellence in Pacific arts in New Zealand. The annual awards are administered by Creative New Zealand and are the only national awards for Pasifika artists across all artforms.

The Arts Pasifika Awards include the awards for: Emerging Pacific Artist; Iosefa Enari Memorial Award; Pacific Heritage Art Award (from 2004); Contemporary Pacific Art Award; Senior Pacific Artist Award; Special Recognition Award (from 2013); and Pacific Toa Artist Award (from 2019).
Kinzer Mound
The Kinzer Mound is a Native American mound in Ross County, Ohio, United States.  Located outside of the village of South Salem, the mound sits on high ground far from any stream.  Built in a sub-conical shape; it is 7.6 feet (2.3 m) tall and has a diameter of approximately 70 feet (21 m).

Due to the mound's location and shape, it is believed to have been built by people of the Adena culture.  If this is correct, the mound is likely to contain the remains of a wooden structure used for ceremonial purposes.  As such, it is a potential archaeological site.  In recognition of its prehistoric significance, the Kinzer Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Adena culture
The Adena culture was a pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 500 BC to 100 AD, in a time known as the Early Woodland period. The Adena culture refers to what were probably a number of related Native American societies sharing a burial complex and ceremonial system. The Adena culture was centered on the location of the modern state of Ohio, but also extended into contiguous areas of Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, Illinois, Southern Wisconsin and parts of extreme western Pennsylvania.
Mechanics' institutes of Australia
Mechanics' institutes were a Victorian-era institution set up primarily to provide adult education, particularly in technical subjects, to working-class men, which spread to the corners of the English-speaking world, including the Australian colonies, where they were set up in virtually every colony. In some places, notably throughout the colonies of Queensland and New South Wales, they were often known as schools of arts.

Most institutes incorporated a library, and many of the old institutes evolved into public lending libraries, while others were converted for other uses or demolished to make way for modern buildings. This article includes a list of many past mechanics' institutes / schools of arts.

Melbourne Athenaeum
The Athenaeum or Melbourne Athenaeum at 188 Collins Street is an art and cultural hub in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1839, it is the city's oldest cultural institution.

Its building on Collins Street in the East End Theatre District sits opposite the Regent Theatre, and currently consists of a main theatre, a smaller studio theatre, a restaurant and a subscription library. It has also served as a mechanics' institute, an art exhibition space, and a cinema.
Hitler: The Last Ten Days
Hitler: The Last Ten Days is a 1973 biographical drama film depicting the days leading up to Adolf Hitler's suicide. The film stars Alec Guinness and Simon Ward, and features an introduction presented by Alistair Cooke; the original music score was composed by Mischa Spoliansky. The film is based on the book Hitler's Last Days: An Eye-Witness Account (first translated in English in 1973) by Gerhard Boldt, an officer in the German Army who survived the Führerbunker.

Robert Ritter von Greim
Robert Ritter von Greim (born Robert Greim; 22 June 1892 – 24 May 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field marshal) and First World War flying ace. In April 1945, in the last days of World War II in Europe, Adolf Hitler appointed Greim commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (German air force) after Hermann Göring had been dismissed for treason. He was the last person to have been promoted to field marshal in the German armed forces. After the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945, Greim was captured by the Allies. He committed suicide in an American-controlled prison on 24 May 1945.
Urvashi Vaid
Urvashi Vaid (October 8, 1958 – May 14, 2022) was an Indian-born American LGBT rights activist, lawyer, and writer. An expert in gender and sexuality law, she was a consultant in attaining specific goals of social justice. She held a series of roles at the National LGBTQ Task Force, serving as executive director from 1989 to 1992 — the first woman of color to lead a national gay-and-lesbian organization. She is the author of Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay and Lesbian Liberation (1995) and Irresistible Revolution: Confronting Race, Class and the Assumptions of LGBT Politics (2012).

GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders
GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders (GLAD Law) is a non-profit legal rights organization in the United States. The organization works to end discrimination based on sexual orientation, HIV status, and gender identity and expression. The organization primarily achieves this goal through litigation, advocacy, and education work in all areas of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) rights and the rights of people living with HIV. In addition, GLAD Law operates a legal information line, GLAD Law Answers, where LGBTQ & HIV+ residents of New England can receive attorney referrals and information about their rights. The organization changed its name to GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders in February 2016.

GLAD Law is based in Boston, Massachusetts, and works nationally and in states across the country.
Quincy Indians
The Quincy Indians were a minor league baseball team that existed from 1928 to 1933. They were located in Quincy, Illinois. From 1928 to 1932, they played in the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, and in 1933, they played in the Class B Mississippi Valley League. The Indians' ballpark was Eagles Stadium.

Three-I League
The Three-I League,  formally known as the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, was a Class B level Minor League Baseball organization that operated for the better part of 60 seasons, with teams based in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and Wisconsin. The league began play in 1901 and disbanded after the 1961 season.

The Three-I League played from 1901 to 1961 with some interruptions due to world events: the league did not play in 1918 due to World War I and it had a break in 1933 and 1934 because of the Great Depression. After resuming play in 1935, it closed down in 1936, but reformed and had a six-year run from 1937 through 1942, before a break due to World War II. The league resumed play in 1946, lasting through 1961, where it was largely supplanted by the Midwest League. A Class B level league from 1902 throughout its lifespan, no other league survived for as long at that level.
Constantine (son of Theophilos)
Constantine (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος, romanized: Kōnstantīnos, 820s or 830s – before 836) was an infant prince of the Amorian dynasty who briefly ruled as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire sometime in the 830s, alongside his father Theophilos. Most information about Constantine's short life and titular reign is unclear, although it is known that he was born sometime in the 820s or 830s and was installed as co-emperor soon after his birth. He died sometime before 836, possibly after falling into a palace cistern.

Prosopography of the Byzantine World
The Prosopography of the Byzantine World (PBW) is a project to create a prosopographical database of individuals named in textual sources in the Byzantine Empire and surrounding areas in the period from 642 to 1265. The project is a collaboration between the British Academy and the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Robert M. Lightfoot Jr.
Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. is a former acting administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), serving from January 20, 2017 until April 23, 2018.  Succeeding Charles Bolden, Lightfoot became the space agency's acting associate administrator on March 5, 2012. That job became permanent on September 25, 2012. He had previously served as the eleventh director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, from March 2009 until his promotion in March 2012. On March 12, 2018 he announced his retirement from NASA effective April 30, 2018.

Administrator of NASA
The administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the highest-ranking official of NASA, the national space agency of the United States. The administrator is NASA's chief decision maker, responsible for providing clarity to the agency's vision and serving as a source of internal leadership within NASA. The office holder also has an important place within United States space policy, and is assisted by a deputy administrator.

The administrator is appointed by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, and thereafter serves at the president's pleasure. Jared Isaacman has served as the administrator since December 18, 2025.
Optical properties
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include:

Refractive index

Dispersion

Transmittance and Transmission coefficient

Absorption

Scattering

Turbidity

Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient)

Albedo

Perceived color

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence

Optical bistability

Dichroism

Birefringence

Optical activity

Photosensitivity

A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions.

The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.

Material
A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties, and their applications.

Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.

In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials, and the nature and quantity of materials used may form part of the calculation for the cost of a product or delivery under contract, such as where contract costs are calculated on a "time and materials" basis.
Soeroso
Raden Panji Soeroso (EYD: Suroso; 3 November 1893 – 16 May 1981) was an Indonesian politician and labor union activist. He served in various positions throughout his career, including as the first governor of Central Java and a minister in several cabinets. He was also the leader of the Persatuan Vakbond Pegawei Negeri union federation and was active in the Parindra political party during the colonial period. He was also a member of the BPUPK and PPKI committees. He also founded the Civil Servants Cooperative Republic of Indonesia. In 1986, he was made a national hero by presidential decree. He died in Indonesia.

Governor of Central Java
The Governor of Central Java (Indonesian: Gubernur Jawa Tengah) is the first-level regional head in Central Java along with the Deputy Governor and 120 members of the Central Java Regional House of Representatives. The Governor and Deputy Governor of Central Java are elected through general elections which are held every 5 years. The current governor of Central Java is Nana Sudjana.