hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Supergranulation
In solar physics and observation, supergranulation is a pattern of convection cells in the Sun's photosphere. The individual convection cells are typically referred to as supergranules. The pattern was discovered in the 1950s by A.B. Hart using Doppler velocity measurements showing horizontal flows on the photosphere (flow speed about 300 to 500 m/s, a tenth of that in the smaller granules). Later work (1960s) by Leighton, Noyes and Simon established a typical size of about 30000 km for supergranules with a lifetime of about 24 hours.

Solar observation
Solar observation is the scientific endeavor of studying the Sun and its behavior and relation to the Earth and the remainder of the Solar System. Deliberate solar observation began thousands of years ago. That initial era of direct observation gave way to telescopes in the 1600s followed by satellites in the twentieth century.
Alex Bone (musician)
Alex Bone is a British multi-instrumentalist, record producer and composer, known for his blend of electronic music and jazz. He has gained recognition as both a saxophonist and a house music producer. Bone has worked with artists such as Disclosure, Nile Rodgers, and Tom Misch.

Tom Misch
Thomas Abraham Misch (born 25 June 1995) is an English musician and producer. He began releasing music on SoundCloud in 2012 and released his debut studio album Geography in 2018. In 2020, he released his second studio album What Kinda Music in collaboration with English jazz drummer Yussef Dayes, distributed through Blue Note Records and Caroline. The Album was nominated for the Best Album Ivor Novello Award in 2021. In 2023 he released his third studio album Happy Music, in "collaboration" with his alter-ego, Supershy.
2018 Women's World Draughts Championship match
The 2018 Women's World Draughts Championship match in international draughts was held from 19–30 November 2018 at the Grand Hotel Kempinski Riga in Riga, Latvia. Under the auspieces of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD), the match was played between the 2017 world champion, Zoja Golubeva, and the 2016 world champion, Natalia Sadowska. Natalia Sadowska won her second title.

2016 Women's World Draughts Championship match
The 2016 Women's World Draughts Championship match in international draughts was held from 2–9 September 2016 in Karpacz, Poland. It was held under the auspices of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD). It was played between the second place finisher at the 2015 Women's World Draughts Championship, Natalia Sadowska (Poland), and the third place finisher, Olga Kamyshleeva (Netherlands). The world champion at the time, Zoja Golubeva (Latvia), had informed FMJD that she was not willing to defend her title. Natalia Sadowska won and became the 9th women's world draughts champion.
2017 Ennore oil spill
The 2017 Ennore oil spill occurred outside the Kamarajar Port in Ennore near Chennai in Tamil Nadu, India. The spill occurred on 28 January 2017 when an outbound empty tanker BW Maple collided with an inbound loaded oil tanker Dawn Kanchipuram at 04:00 local time.

Indian Coast Guard
The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) is a maritime law enforcement and search and rescue agency for India with jurisdiction over its territorial waters, including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone. It was started in February 1977 and formally established in August 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 of the Parliament of India. It operates under the Ministry of Defence.

The ICG works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Revenue (Customs), and the Coastal Police of the State Police Forces, and the Central Armed Police Forces.
2015–16 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team
The 2015–16 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team represented Texas Southern University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by fourth year head coach Mike Davis, played pik home games at the Health and Physical Education Arena and were members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 18–15, 16–2 in SWAC play to win the regular season SWAC championship. They defeated Alabama A&M in the quarterfinals of the SWAC tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to Southern. As regular season conference champions who failed to win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost to Valparaiso in the first round.

2016 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2016 SWAC men's basketball tournament is the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southwestern Athletic Conference. The tournament will be held from March 8–12, 2016 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas  The champion will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA tournament.
Høgsenga Crags
The Høgsenga Crags are high rock crags which form the northern extremity of Breplogen Mountain in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Høgsenga (the high bed).

Breplogen Mountain
Breplogen Mountain (71°55′S 5°27′E﻿ / ﻿71.917°S 5.450°E﻿ / -71.917; 5.450) is a broad mountain, 2,725 metres (8,940 ft) high, which is ice-covered except on its north and east sides, standing west of Austreskorve Glacier in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land.
Estádio do Marítimo
The Estádio do Marítimo, formerly and often still referred to as Estádio dos Barreiros, is a football stadium located in the city of Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, and is owned by Club Sport Marítimo, where it plays its matches. The stadium currently has a capacity of 10,600 spectators.

Funchal
Funchal (Portuguese pronunciation: [fũˈʃal] ⓘ), officially City of Funchal (Portuguese: Cidade do Funchal), is the capital, largest city and a municipality in Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its high cultural and historical value, Funchal is one of Portugal's main tourist attractions; it is also popular as a destination for New Year's Eve, and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings.
Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Żurawica [ʐuraˈvit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Obrazów, 5 km (3 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Cayley's nodal cubic surface
In algebraic geometry, the Cayley surface, named after Arthur Cayley, is a cubic nodal surface in 3-dimensional projective space with four conical points. It can be given by the equation

when the four singular points are those with three vanishing coordinates. 
Changing variables gives several other simple equations defining the Cayley surface.

As a del Pezzo surface of degree 3, the Cayley surface is given by the
linear system of cubics in the projective plane passing through the 6 vertices
of the complete quadrilateral. This contracts the 4 sides of the complete
quadrilateral to the 4 nodes of the Cayley surface, while blowing up its 6
vertices to the lines through two of them. The surface is a section through the Segre cubic.

The surface contains nine lines, 11 tritangents and no double-sixes.

A number of affine forms of the surface have been presented. Hunt uses 

by transforming coordinates  to 
and dehomogenizing by setting . A more symmetrical form is

Nodal surface
In algebraic geometry, a nodal surface is a surface in a (usually complex) projective space whose only singularities are nodes. A major problem about them is to find the maximum number of nodes of a nodal surface of given degree.

The following table gives some known upper and lower bounds for the maximal number of nodes on a complex surface of given degree. In degree 7, 9, 11, and 13, the upper bound is given by Varchenko (1983), which is better than the one by Miyaoka (1984).
Pet food
Pet food is animal feed intended for consumption by pets. Typically sold in pet stores and supermarkets, it is usually specific to the type of animal, such as dog food or cat food. Most meat used for animals is a byproduct of the human food industry, and is not regarded as "human grade". Examples of foods for pets would be canned foods and dry mix. Pet food production has environmental, land-use and climate change impacts.

In 2019, the world pet food market was valued at US$87.09 billion and is projected to grow to US$113.2 billion by the year 2024. The pet food market is dominated by five major companies, as of 2020: Mars, Inc., Nestle Purina Petcare, J. M. Smucker, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. (owned by Colgate-Palmolive), and Blue Buffalo Co. Ltd (owned by General Mills).

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
David de Lindsay of the Byres
David de Lindsay, Lord of Barnweill and Byres (died 1279), was a Scottish knight and crusader. A minor baronial lord, he was the son of David de Lindsay and held lands in East Lothian and South Ayrshire. He became Justiciar of Lothian under Alexander II of Scotland in 1241. This position had been held by his father earlier in the century.

He rose to further national prominence as a supporter of the Comyns during the minority of Alexander III of Scotland, becoming a regent in 1255 and royal Lord Chamberlain of Scotland in 1255 serving until 1257.

He went on the Ninth Crusade with Louis IX of France in 1268, and died in Egypt, c. 1279.

Barnweill Castle
Barnweill Castle was a castle located at Barnweill, in the parish of Craigie, South Ayrshire, Scotland.

The castle was a stronghold of the Lindsay family. A rectangular moat is located around the motte, the caput of the Barony of Barnweill.
Avinash Mishra
Avinash Mishra (born 9 December 1995) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi television. He made his acting debut with Sethji (2017), playing Bajirao. Mishra is known for starring in Yeh Teri Galiyan and Nath – Zewar Ya Zanjeer and his participation in Bigg Boss 18.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' Greco-Roman 42 kg
The boys' 42 kg Greco-Roman tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 15 at the International Convention Centre.

The event limited competitors to a maximum of 42 kilograms of body mass.  The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format.  The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
The wrestling competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics took place in Singapore from 15 to 17 August at the International Convention Centre. The first positive drugs tests of the Games came in wrestling events, with the International Olympic Committee announcing on 15 October that two wrestlers, including a silver medallist, had tested positive for furosemide.
Ségou Cercle
Ségou Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Ségou Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Ségou.

The cercle is divided into 30 communes:

Different ethnicities are present in Ségou : Bambaras, Fula people, Miniankas, Bozos, Somonos, Dogons and Soninkés.

Ségou Region
Ségou Region (Bambara: ߛߋߓߎ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Segu Dineja) is an administrative region in Mali, situated in the centre of the country with an area of 64,821 km2 (25,028 sq mi), around 5% of Mali. The region is bordered by Sikasso Region on the south, Tombouctou and Mopti on the east, Burkina Faso to the southeast and the Koulikoro Region to the west. In 2009 it had 2,336,255 inhabitants, making it the second most populous region of Mali. Its administrative capital is the town of Ségou.
AN/CPS-6 Radar
The AN/CPS-6 was an S-band medium-range search/height finder radar used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command. The radar was developed during the later stages of World War II by the MIT Radiation Laboratory with the first units produced by General Electric in mid-1945.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/CPS-6" designation represents the 6th design of an Army-Navy air transportable electronic device for search radar equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Joint Electronics Type Designation System
The Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), which was previously known as the Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) and the Joint Communications-Electronics Nomenclature System, is a method developed by the U.S. War Department during World War II for assigning an unclassified designator to electronic equipment. In 1957, the JETDS was formalized in MIL-STD-196.

Computer software and commercial unmodified electronics for which the manufacturer maintains design control are not covered.
Fellgett's advantage
Fellgett's advantage or the multiplex advantage is an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is gained when taking multiplexed measurements rather than direct measurements. The name is derived from P. B. Fellgett, who first made the observation as part of his PhD. When measuring a signal whose noise is dominated by detector noise, a multiplexed measurement such as the signal generated by a Fourier transform spectrometer can produce a relative improvement in SNR, compared to an equivalent scanning monochromator, of the order of the square root of m, where m is the number of sample points comprising the spectrum.

Monochromator
A monochromator is an optical device that transmits a mechanically selectable narrow band of wavelengths of light or other radiation chosen from a wider range of wavelengths available at the input. The name is from Greek  mono- 'single'  chroma 'colour' and Latin  -ator 'denoting an agent'.
Edward G. Begle
Edward Griffith Begle (November 27, 1914 – March 2, 1978) was a mathematician best known for his role as the director of the School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG), the primary group credited for developing what came to be known as The New Math.  Begle was a topologist and a researcher in mathematics education who served as a member of the faculty of Stanford University, Princeton University, The University of Michigan, and Yale University.  Begle was also elected as the secretary of the American Mathematical Society in 1951, and he held the position for 6 years.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
2016–17 UEFA Youth League group stage
The 2016–17 UEFA Youth League UEFA Champions League Path (group stage) was played from 13 September to 7 December 2016. A total of 32 teams competed in the UEFA Champions League Path (group stage) to decide 16 of the 24 places in the knockout phase of the 2016–17 UEFA Youth League.

2016–17 UEFA Youth League
The 2016–17 UEFA Youth League was the fourth season of the UEFA Youth League, a European youth club football competition organised by UEFA.

Chelsea were the title holders after winning the previous two editions. However, since the UEFA Youth League title holders were not given an automatic qualifying place, and both the Chelsea senior team failed to qualify for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League and the Chelsea academy team failed to win the 2015–16 Professional U18 Development League 1, they did not qualify for this tournament to defend their title.

Red Bull Salzburg won their first title after defeating Benfica 2–1 in the final. This was the first occasion that the winner (or a finalist) had come through the Domestic Champions Path of the competition and as of 2022 the only season not to won by a side whom previously have won a European trophy.
Die-Cut Plug Wiring Diagram Book
Die-Cut Plug Wiring Diagram Book is an artist's book by the English artist Mark Pawson, originally published in early 1992. Originally consisting of 36 full-size reproductions of British AC power plug wiring diagrams printed in various colours, the book has become celebrated as an example of English sociological art, and is sometimes referred to as part of the New Folk Archive.
Online gallery Hayvend described it: "the ultra-obsessive die cut plug wiring diagram book [is part of] an avalanche of essential ephemera [collected] by unashamed image junkie Mark Pawson".

'Many of the items [Pawson] produces are made out of his or other people's waste material including comics, flyers, glossy fashion magazines, children's colouring books, braille hymn books, antique paper, wood-chip wallpaper and the odd pornographic magazine. Pawson's most successful pieces are usually made of the most simple materials.'

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
Lý Bát Đế Temple
The Lý Bát Đế Temple or Đô Temple (Vietnamese: Đền Lý Bát Đế [ʔɗen˨˩ li˧˦ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˦] or Đền Đô [ʔɗen˨˩ ʔɗo˧˧]), formal Buddhist name Cổ Pháp Điện, is a temple near Hanoi of which the central section was built in 1028 on the death of Lý Thái Tổ (李太祖), and the complex enlarged as seven of his descendant Lý dynasty emperors were also buried at the shrine – Lý Bát Đế means "Eight Lý Emperors." Traditionally, the shrine serves for ancestor worship of the eight emperors. It is located in Đình Bảng Commune, Từ Sơn District, in the Red River Delta province of Bắc Ninh. Another national monument, Đình Bảng communal house, is adjacent.

Đình Bảng communal house
Đình Bảng communal hall is one of the largest village communal houses in Vietnam. It is located in Đình Bảng village, Từ Sơn district, in Bắc Ninh Province of the Red River Delta, 17 km from the nation's capital, Hanoi.

The construction started in 1700 and was completed 36 years later.

Đình Bảng communal house is used for the worshiping of Cao Sơn Đại vương (Mountain spirit), Thủy Bá Đại vương (Water spirit), and Bạch Lệ Đại vương (God of agriculture), together with the six individuals who rebuilt Đình Bảng village in the 15th century after it was devastated during the Ming occupation (1408-1428). The hall also functions as the village meeting hall and the seat of the local government office.
Narmadashankar Mehta
Dewan Bahadur Narmadashankar Devshankar Mehta (23 August 1871 – 21 March 1939) was a Gujarati writer, historian of philosophy, and administrator from British India. He was a student of Anandshankar Dhruv, and a nephew of Balashankar Kantharia.

Anantrai Raval
Anantrai Manishankar Raval (1 January 1912 – 18 November 1988) was a Gujarati critic and editor from India. Born and studied in Amreli, he worked briefly with a daily. He taught at several colleges before joining government as a director of language department. He wrote criticism chiefly under the pen name Shaunak and edited several works of Gujarati literature and litterateurs.
1996 India Open
The 1996 India Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in New Delhi in India and was part of the World Series of the 1996 ATP Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and took place from 8 April through 14 April 1996. First-seeded Thomas Enqvist won the singles title.

1996 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Bragmanni
Bragmanni were a mythical race of people thought by medieval Europeans to live on the fringes of the known world. The name could be derived from that of the Hindu caste of the Brahmins; however, some medieval writers clearly differentiate between the Brahmins and the imagined Bragmanni. Although they were often lumped together with monstrous races such as cyclopes and Cynocephali, Bragmanni were normal in appearance, and differed from other humans because of their unique lifestyle.

Bragmanni were unclothed, cave-dwelling wise men who were extremely moralistic and ascetic. They are often merged or confused with Gymnosophists, a similar group of wise men.

Cynocephaly
The characteristic of cynocephaly, or cynocephalus (/saɪnoʊˈsɛfəli/), having the head of a canid, typically that of a dog or jackal, is a widely attested mythical phenomenon existing in many different forms and contexts. The literal meaning of cynocephaly is "dog-headedness"; however, that this refers to a human body with a dog head is implied. Such cynocephalics are known in mythology and legend from many parts of the world, including ancient Egypt, Libya, Greece, India and China. Further mentions come from the medieval East and Europe. In modern popular culture cynocephalics are also encountered as characters in books, comics, and graphic novels. Cynocephaly is generally distinguished from lycanthropy (werewolfism) and dogs that can talk.

In addition, the Greeks and Romans called a species of apes cynocephalus (these apes are suspected to be baboons).