hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RCW 106
RCW 106 is a large star-forming nebula in the Constellation Norma. RCW 106 is visible in the direction of the R103 OB association and is embedded in a 100 thousand solar mass 28 pc x 94 pc giant molecular cloud. The RCW catalogue designates the two brightest regions of this nebula as RCW 106a and RCW 106b but these do not appear to be distinct objects.

RCW Catalogue
The RCW Catalogue (from Rodgers, Campbell & Whiteoak) is an astronomical catalogue of Hα-emission regions in the southern Milky Way, described in (Rodgers et al. 1960). It contains 182 objects, including many of the earlier Gum catalogue (84 items) objects.

The later Caldwell catalogue included some objects from the RCW catalogue. There is also some overlap with the Sharpless catalogue-2 (312 items), although that primarily covered the northern hemisphere, whereas RCW and Gum primarily covered the southern hemisphere.

The RCW catalogue was compiled by Alexander William Rodgers, Colin T. Campbell and John Bartlett Whiteoak. They catalogued southern nebulae while working under Bart Bok at the Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia in the 1960s.
Southfield-Lathrup High School
Southfield-Lathrup High School was a senior high school in Lathrup Village, Michigan, United States. It was the second oldest of three high schools in the Southfield Public Schools district, the oldest being Southfield High School, and the youngest being University High School Academy.

Southfield-Lathrup High School was well known for its extensive and well-supported music program. It was also known locally for its girls' basketball team State Title in 2005.

AP Spanish Language and Culture
Advanced Placement (AP) Spanish Language and Culture (also known as AP Spanish Language, AP Spanish IV, AP SpLang, or AP Spanish) is a course and examination offered by the College Board in the United States education system as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Australia women's national futsal team
The Australia women's national futsal team represents Australia in women's international futsal. The team is controlled by the governing body for association football in Australia, Football Federation Australia (FFA), which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006.

2025 AFC Women's Futsal Asian Cup qualification
A qualification tournament was held to determine nine of twelve participating teams for the 2025 AFC Women's Futsal Asian Cup in China. This marks a first time that a dedicated tournament will be held for an AFC Women's Futsal Asian Cup.
SS Sangola
SS Sangola was a steam cargo liner that was launched in Scotland in 1901, renamed Goshu Maru in 1923, and scrapped in Japan in 1933. She was one of a class of seven steamships that were built for the British India Steam Navigation Company (BI) in 1901 and 1902. From 1908 until 1910 she took Indian indentured labourers to Fiji.

She was the first of two BI ships to be called Sangola. The second was a motor ship that was launched in 1947 and scrapped in 1963.

Cargo liner
A cargo liner, also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman, is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers.

They became common just after the middle of the 19th century, and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century.
Traverse (software)
TRAVERSE Accounting and Business Software (enterprise resource planning - ERP) is a business accounting software suite for small- to medium-sized businesses using the Microsoft Windows operating system. First produced in 1994 by Open Systems, Inc., TRAVERSE is a group of interrelated applications which operate in tandem. TRAVERSE runs using the Microsoft SQL Server database. In versions released from 1994 to 2009, TRAVERSE was coded with Visual Basic for Applications, and operated as a Microsoft Access application. The current version is coded using the C# programming language within the Microsoft .NET Framework, and no longer requires Microsoft Access.

Accounting software
Accounting software is a computer program that maintains account books on computers, including recording transactions and account balances. It may depend on virtual thinking. Depending on the purpose, the software can manage budgets, perform accounting tasks for multiple currencies, perform payroll and customer relationship management, and prepare financial reporting. Work to have accounting functions be implemented on computers goes back to the earliest days of electronic data processing. Over time, accounting software has revolutionized from supporting basic accounting operations to performing real-time accounting and supporting financial processing and reporting. Cloud accounting software was first introduced in 2011, and it allowed the performance of all accounting functions through the internet.
Bettye Anne Case
Bettye Anne Busbee Case is Olga Larson Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Florida State University. Her mathematical research concerns complex variables; she has also published on mathematics education and the history of mathematics.
She is the editor of the books A Century of Mathematical Meetings (American Mathematical Society, 1996) and Complexities: Women in Mathematics (with Anne M. Leggett, Princeton University Press, 2005).

Association for Women in Mathematics
The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.  AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies.  It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences.  Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants.
Los Melódicos
Los Melódicos are a Venezuelan band founded in 1958.
Los Melódicos play música tropical (literally "tropical music"), a genre developed on the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela, Colombia, and other Central American and Caribbean countries in the mid 20th century.

Los Melódicos are similar in style to fellow Venezuelan group Billo's Caracas Boys, and were formed while Billo Frómeta was occupied by legal problems and unable to make music; Frómeta later wrote some arrangements for the band.

Tropical music
Tropical music (Spanish: música tropical) is a term in the Latin music industry that refers to music genres deriving from or influenced by the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean. It includes the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Caribbean coastal regions of Colombia, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela.

In the 1940s and 1950s, the term tropical music was created to cover all music from the hispanophone Caribbean excluding Cuban music, which had its own category and niche within the American (and to a lesser extent European) music market. However, later in the 20th century after the Cuban Revolution, tropical music gained a broader meaning and began to be used in order to distinguish Caribbean genres such as cumbia and son cubano from inland genres such as tejano and norteño.
Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
During the British rule in Mandatory Palestine, there was civil, political and armed struggle between Palestinian Arabs and the Jewish Yishuv, beginning from the violent spillover of the Franco-Syrian War in 1920 and until the onset of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The conflict shifted from sectarian clashes in the 1920s and early 1930s to an armed Arab Revolt against British rule in 1936, armed Jewish Revolt primarily against the British in mid-1940s and finally open war in November 1947 between Arabs and Jews.

Yosef Gorny
Yosef Gorny (Hebrew: יוסף גורני; born 1933), is  Professor of Study of Zionism and head of the Zionist Research Institute at the Tel Aviv University. He is a former head of the Weizmann Institute for the Study of Zionism, at the same university.
Ludowici, Georgia
Ludowici (/ˌluːdəˈwɪsɪ/) is a city in Long County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Ludowici had a population of 1,590. The city is the county seat of Long County. It is a part of the Hinesville-Fort Stewart metropolitan area.

Within the city, the Long County Courthouse and Ludowici Well Pavilion are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

American Automobile Association
American Automobile Association (AAA) is a federation of motor clubs throughout North America. AAA is a privately held not-for-profit national member association and service organization with over 60 million members in the United States and Canada. AAA provides services to its members, including roadside assistance and others. Its national headquarters are in Heathrow, Florida.
Robert Lacroix
Robert Lacroix, OC OQ FRSC (born April 15, 1940) is a professor of economics at the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

After finishing his Ph.D. in economics at Leuven, in Belgium, in 1970, he became professor at the Department of Economics of the Université de Montréal. Throughout his career, he published many articles in peer-reviewed journals, mainly in the field of labor economics. From 1987 to 1993, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the Université de Montréal. He served as Rector of the university from 1998 until 2005.

In 2005, he was among the twelve signatories of the political manifesto Pour un Québec lucide.

He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, an Officer of the Order of Canada, an Officer of the National Order of Quebec, and recipient of the Quebec Award for Science (Prix Armand-Frappier). He is also an active Fellow at the CIRANO, a Montréal-based think tank in economics and public policy.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
1650–1700 in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1650–1700 in Western clothing is characterized by rapid change. The style of this era is known as Baroque. Following the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Restoration of England's Charles II, military influences in men's clothing were replaced by a brief period of decorative exuberance which then sobered into the coat, waistcoat and breeches costume that would reign for the next century and a half. In the normal cycle of fashion, the broad, high-waisted silhouette of the previous period was replaced by a long, lean line with a low waist for both men and women. This period also marked the rise of the periwig as an essential item of men's fashion.

Petticoat breeches
Petticoat breeches were voluminously wide, pleated pants, reminiscent of a skirt, worn by men in Western Europe during the 1650s and early 1660s. The very full loose breeches were usually decorated with loops of ribbons on the waist and around the knee.  They were so loose and wide that they became known as petticoat breeches.  They give very much the impression of very baggy loose shorts since they are not gathered at the knee.

They replaced Spanish breeches during the 1650s as the most popular leg wear of most of Western Europe.  By the early 1660s, if they were gathered at the bottom they were called rhinegraves.

Gerard Jansz Meerman wearing petticoat breeches, 1668

Portrait of a Boy, by Jan van Noordt, 1665

Portrait of Count Girolamo Secco Suardo, by Fra' Galgario, 1721
Multiplicatively closed set
In abstract algebra, a multiplicatively closed set (or multiplicative set) is a subset S of a ring R such that the following two conditions hold:

,

for all .

In other words, S is closed under taking finite products, including the empty product 1.
Equivalently, a multiplicative set is a submonoid of the multiplicative monoid of a ring.

Multiplicative sets are important especially in commutative algebra, where they are used to build localizations of commutative rings.

A subset S of a ring R is called saturated if it is closed under taking divisors: i.e., whenever a product xy is in S, the elements x and y are in S too.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Compaq Presario
Presario is a discontinued line of consumer-oriented personal computers originally produced by Compaq and later by Hewlett-Packard following the 2002 merger. Introduced in 1993, Compaq has used the name for desktops, laptops, all-in-ones and monitors for home and home office use.

After acquiring Compaq in 2002, HP sold both HP- and Compaq-branded machines under the Pavilion and Presario names respectively from 2002 to 2013.

GeForce 2 series
The GeForce 2 series (NV15) is the second generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units (GPUs). Introduced in 2000, it is the successor to the GeForce 256.

The GeForce 2 family comprised a number of models. The GeForce 2 GTS, GeForce 2 Ultra, GeForce 2 Pro, and GeForce 2 Ti are based upon the original architecture (NV15), varying only by chip and memory clock speeds. For the low-end segment and OEMs, the GeForce 2 MX series (NV11) was created, from which the GeForce 2 Go was derived for laptops. In addition, the GeForce 2 architecture is used for the Quadro series on the Quadro 2 Pro, 2 MXR, and 2 EX cards with special drivers meant to accelerate computer-aided design applications.
Gualicho
Gualicho (named in reference to the gualichu) is an enigmatic genus of theropod dinosaurs. The type species is Gualicho shinyae. It lived in what is now northern Patagonia, on what was then a South American island continent split off from the supercontinent Gondwana. The fossils were found in the Huincul Formation, dating to the late Cenomanian-early Turonian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, around 91 million years ago.

Huincul Formation
The Huincul Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Early Turonian) age of the Neuquén Basin that outcrops in the Mendoza, Río Negro and Neuquén Provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is the second formation in the Río Limay Subgroup, the oldest subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Huincul Formation was known as the Huincul Member.
Críona Ní Dhálaigh
Críona Ní Dhálaigh (born 11 February 1962) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 2015 to 2016, being the first Sinn Féin Lord Mayor to take office. She was a Dublin City Councillor from March 2006 to September 2020.

She was co-opted onto Dublin City Council in 2006, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Andrew O'Connell. She was elected in 2009 for the South West Inner City area and in 2014 for the Crumlin-Kimmage area.

Lord Mayor of Dublin
The Lord Mayor of Dublin (Irish: Ardmhéara Bhaile Átha Cliath) is the honorary title of the chairperson (Irish: Cathaoirleach [ˈkahiːɾˠl̠ʲəx]) of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent, since June 2025, is Fine Gael councillor Ray McAdam. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the council.
Malaysian Defence Intelligence Organisation
The Malaysian Defence Intelligence Organisation (MDIO) (Malay: Pertubuhan Perisikan Pertahanan Malaysia, Jawi: ڤرتوبوهن ڤريسيكن ڤرتاهنن مليسيا‎) is the military intelligence agency of the Malaysia Armed Forces. Its role is said to be equivalent to the US Defense Intelligence Agency.

MDIO is headed by an army lieutenant general and consists of tri services military branch such as army intelligence, naval intelligence and air force intelligence.

Malaysian Armed Forces
The Malaysian Armed Forces (Abbr.: MAF; Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia; Jawi: اڠكتن تنترا مليسيا‎) are the armed forces of Malaysia, consists of three branches; the Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. The number of MAF active personnel is 113,000 along with reserve forces at 51,600.

The Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; the King of Malaysia.
180 mm Pattern 1931–1933
The 180 mm Pattern 1931–1933 were a family of related naval guns of the Soviet Navy in World War II, which were later modified for coastal artillery and railway artillery roles.  They were the primary armament of the Soviet Union's first cruisers built after the Russian Civil War.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
Vietnamese phonology
The phonology of Vietnamese features 19 consonant phonemes, with 5 additional consonant phonemes used in Vietnamese's Southern dialect, and 4 exclusive to the Northern dialect.  Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language.  Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones.  This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology. Two main varieties of Vietnamese, Hanoi and Saigon, which are slightly different from each other, are described below.

Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge. Articulation is farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants. Examples of postalveolar consonants are the English palato-alveolar consonants [ʃ] [tʃ] [ʒ] [dʒ], as in the words "ship", "'chill", "vision", and "jump", respectively.

There are many types of postalveolar sounds—especially among the sibilants. The three primary types are palato-alveolar (such as [ʃ ʒ], weakly palatalized; also alveopalatal), alveolo-palatal (such as [ɕ ʑ], strongly palatalized), and retroflex (such as [ʂ ʐ], unpalatalized). The palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal subtypes are commonly counted as "palatals" in phonology since they rarely contrast with true palatal consonants.
Walter A. Montgomery
Walter Alexander Montgomery (February 17, 1845 – November 26, 1921) was a Confederate soldier in the American Civil War, and later a lawyer and a justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1895 to 1905.

North Carolina Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina is the state of North Carolina's highest appellate court. Until the creation of the North Carolina Court of Appeals in the 1960s, it was the state's only appellate court. The Supreme Court consists of six associate justices and one chief justice, although the number of justices has varied.  The primary function of the Supreme Court is to decide questions of law that have arisen in the lower courts and before state administrative agencies.
Heston model
In finance, the Heston model, named after Steven L. Heston, is a mathematical model that describes the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset. It is a stochastic volatility model: such a model assumes that the volatility of the asset is not constant, nor even deterministic, but follows a random process.

Girsanov theorem
In probability theory,  Girsanov's theorem or the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov theorem explains how stochastic processes change under changes in measure. The theorem is especially important in the theory of financial mathematics as it explains how to convert from the physical measure, which describes the probability that an underlying instrument (such as a share price or interest rate) will take a particular value or values, to the risk-neutral measure which is a very useful tool for evaluating the value of derivatives on the underlying instrument.
Seagoe parish
Seagoe parish or St Gobhan's parish is an ecclesiastical parish of the Church of Ireland that is located in Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is on one of the oldest recorded sites of Christianity in Ireland. Christian links to the area date back to the early 500 AD's. It was founded by St. Gobhan.

The current rector is Terence Cadden, having been installed in 2006. The current rector's predecessor is David Chillingworth, Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Another previous rector was Jack Shearer, who later became the Dean of Belfast.

Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade
The Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade is an Anglican youth organisation with branches in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Bermuda, Kenya, South Africa, Barbados, Newfoundland and St Helena. Its origins lie in the formation in 1891 of the Church Lads' Brigade with its sister organisation, the Church Red Cross Brigade, later the Church Girls' Brigade, founded in 1901. The two respective founders were Walter M. Gee and the Reverend Thomas Milner. The two brigades amalgamated in 1978 to form the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade.

The Church Lads' Brigade was one of the founding members of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS), and the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade remains a member for their work on development of young people.

The brigade's patron saint is Martin of Tours. A banner depicting St Martin, which was presented by the brigade in 1921 to honour those members who died in the First World War, is kept at Westminster Abbey.