hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bostan Karim
Bostan Karim (also transliterated as Bostan Qaseem) is a citizen of Afghanistan, who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
Karim's Guantanamo detainee ID number was 975.
Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts estimate he was born in 1970, in Khost, Afghanistan.

Karim was transferred to Oman on January 16, 2017.

Satellite phone
A satellite phone (also called a satellite telephone or satphone) is a type of mobile phone that connects to the public switched telephone network through orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites.  
They function in areas without terrestrial network coverage but require line-of-sight to a satellite. Most support voice, text, and low-bandwidth data services.
James Harbord
James Guthrie Harbord (March 21, 1866 – August 20, 1947) was a senior officer of the United States Army and president and chairman of the board of RCA. During World War I, he served from mid-1917 to mid-1918 as chief of staff of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), commanded by General John J. Pershing, before commanding a brigade and briefly a division and then the AEF Services of Supply. In the former role he was, in the words of former soldier-turned historian David T. Zabecki,

The U.S. Army's first modern operational-level chief of staff in a combat theater, and he would be the model for all others who followed. He played a key role in developing the staff structure and organization used throughout the U.S. military to this day, as well as by most NATO countries. He was one of the most influential U.S. Army officers of the early 20th century.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Matt Payne
Matthew Allen "Matt" Payne (born 3 October 2002) is a New Zealand racing driver from Auckland, New Zealand. He is currently competing in the Supercars Championship with Grove Racing, driving the No. 19 Ford Mustang GT. He won the 2025 Bathurst 1000 with Garth Tander.

2021 Toyota Racing Series
The 2021 Castrol Toyota Racing Series was the seventeenth running of the Toyota Racing Series, the premier open-wheel motorsport category held in New Zealand. The series consisted of nine races at three meetings. It began on 24 January at Hampton Downs, in Waikato, and concluded on 14 February at Manfeild, Feilding. The season opener also hosted the 66th running of the New Zealand Grand Prix. The 2021 Toyota Racing Series was the first season in which no individual race teams were running and all drivers were under a Toyota Racing banner. This was due to the COVID situation.
2019 Liuzhou Open
The 2019 Liuzhou Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament for men and fourth edition for women. It was the part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Liuzhou, China between 21 October and 3 November 2019.

2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
The 2019 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's World Tennis Tour is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000. The ITF Women's World Tennis Tour is the product of reforms designed to support talented junior players in their progression to the senior game, and target the prize money effectively at professional tournaments to enable more players to make a living.
Universidad Nacional de Pilar
The National University of Pilar (Acronym: UNP) is a Paraguayan national and public university with a range of degree offerings. The main campus is located in the capital of the Ñeembucú department, the city of Pilar. It was founded in 1991 and created by law in 1994.

Ñeembucú Department
Ñeembucú (Spanish pronunciation: [ɲe(e)mbuˈku]; Guaraní: Ñe'ẽmbuku) is a department located in the south of the Eastern Region of Paraguay. The capital is Pilar.  The department is almost entirely rural, and is home to some of the oldest and best-preserved Jesuit ruins, which are located near the town of Humaitá.
Yuanshan, Lianping County
Yuanshan (Chinese: 元善; pinyin: Yuánshàn) is a town of Lianping County, Guangdong, China. As of 2018, it has 5 residential communities and 15 villages under its administration. Yuanshan is located 1,737 km South of the capital Beijing.

Lianping County
Lianping County (postal: Linping; simplified Chinese: 连平县; traditional Chinese: 連平縣; pinyin: Liánpíng Xiàn) is a county of northeastern Guangdong province, China, bordering Jiangxi to the north. It is under the administration of Heyuan City.
Ghulam Hassan Mir
Ghulam Hassan Mir is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir, India. He is a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party. He was the founding member of the Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party. He was elected to the Gulmarg constituency of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly in 2002 as a Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party candidate. He was a law minister in Ghulam Mohammad Shah led cabinet. He was minister of tourism in the Mufti Mohammad Sayeed led cabinet from 2002 to 2006.

Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
The Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is a state political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The PDP was headed and founded by Mufti Mohammed Sayeed. His daughter, Mehbooba Mufti, succeeded him as party leader and as chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir following his death in January 2016. The party was a member of the People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration electoral alliance. The party was also a member of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance from its founding on 18 June 2023 till 2024

Currently Mehbooba Mufti remains as the president of the party, with Waheed Para serving as the legislative party leader in the J&K Assembly, Fayaz Ahmad Mir as whip  and Mirza Mehboob Beg as the Chief Spokesperson for the party.
Minister of Regional Industrial Expansion
Minister of Regional Economic Expansion was an office in the Cabinet of Canada from 1969 to 1990. On February 23, 1990 the position was merged into that of Minister of Industry, Science and Technology.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Secundal
In music or music theory, secundal is the quality of a chord made from seconds, and anything related to things constructed from seconds such as counterpoint. Secundal chords are often called tone clusters more generally, especially when non-diatonic. "[Any] three or more pitches in secundal relationship may correctly be referred to as a tone cluster." Chords which may be considered as built from sevenths, because of musical inversion, are secundal. Polychords may create secundal chords.

The secundal harmony in Ross Lee Finney's "Playing Tag" provides "accentuation and forward motion", as well as the basis for the "fragmentary melody":

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Nevin M. Fenneman
Nevin Melancthon Fenneman (26 December 1865 – 4 July 1945) was an American professor of geology, with a long career at the University of Cincinnati. His contributions were primarily in the large scale geographical understanding of American geology and based on his wide ranging studies, he produced a classification of US physiographic regions using a three-tiered system of 8 major divisions, 25 provinces and 78 sections that remains in use today.

Western Colorado University
Western Colorado University (Western or WCU) is a public university in Gunnison, Colorado, United States. It enrolls approximately 3,000 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students, with about 28 percent coming from out of state. Western offers more than 110 undergraduate areas of study and 8 graduate programs, many of which are available through accelerated degree pathways.
Outline of theology
The following outline is provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, theology.

Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities, seminaries and schools of divinity.

Unmoved mover
The unmoved mover (Ancient Greek: ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ, romanized: ho ou kinoúmenon kineî, lit. 'that which moves without being moved'), or prime mover (Latin: primum movens), is a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause, or first uncaused cause, or "mover" of all the motion in the universe. As is implicit in the name, the unmoved mover moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action. In Book 12 (Ancient Greek: Λ) of his Metaphysics, Aristotle describes the unmoved mover as being perfectly beautiful, indivisible, and contemplating only the perfect contemplation: self-contemplation. He also equates this concept with the active intellect. This Aristotelian concept had its roots in cosmological speculations of the earliest Greek pre-Socratic philosophers, and became highly influential and widely drawn upon in medieval philosophy and theology. For example, St. Thomas Aquinas elaborated on the unmoved mover in the Five Ways.
2007–08 AZAL PFC season
The Olimpik Baku 2007–08 season was Olimpik Baku's third Azerbaijan Premier League season and their second season with Asgar Abdullayev as manager. They participated in the 2007–08 Azerbaijan Premier League as well as the 2007–08 Azerbaijan Cup, finishing the league in 2nd, qualifying for a European competition for the first time, and reaching the quarterfinal stage of the cup, where they were eliminated by Khazar Lankaran.

2007–08 Azerbaijan Cup
The Azerbaijan Cup 2007–08 was the 16th season of the annual cup competition in Azerbaijan with the final taking place on 24 May 2008. Sixteen teams competed in this year's competition. Khazar-Lenkoran were the defending champions.
Argyrodes argentatus
Argyrodes argentatus is a kleptoparasitic spider.

In Singapore, it is often seen in webs of Nephila antipodiana.

On Guam it can often be found hanging in webs of the much larger spider Argiope appensa: while A. appensa can reach a total length of about 7 cm, A. argentatus females reach only 3mm, and males 2mm at the most.

Like in rats, following copulation the male seals the female's epigyne with a mating plug, preventing the female from further mating.

Trichonephila antipodiana
Trichonephila antipodiana is a species of golden orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae. Originally described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1841 as Epeira antipodiana, the species was later transferred to Nephila and most recently to the genus Trichonephila in 2019.
Francesca da Rimini (play)
Francesca da Rimini is a 1901 play by the Italian writer Gabriele d'Annunzio. It tells the story of how Francesca da Rimini falls in love with her brother-in-law in the 13th century.

The play is based on an episode from Dante Alighieri's Inferno. It was written for d'Annunzio's lover Eleonora Duse, who played the title role in the original production in 1901. An English translation by Arthur Symons was published in 1902. It is the basis for Riccardo Zandonai's 1914 opera Francesca da Rimini.

Inferno (Dante)
Inferno (Italian: [iɱˈfɛrno]; Italian for 'Hell') is the first part of the Italian writer Dante Alighieri's 14th-century narrative poem The Divine Comedy, followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Inferno describes the journey of a fictionalised version of Dante himself through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is depicted as nine concentric circles of torment located within the Earth; it is the "realm [...] of those who have rejected spiritual values by yielding to bestial appetites or violence, or by perverting their human intellect to fraud or malice against their fellowmen". As an allegory, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.
Saylorville, Iowa
Saylorville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Saylor and Crocker townships, Polk County, Iowa, United States. The population was 3,584 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Saydel Community School District is located in this area, as is the unincorporated community of Marquisville.

West Des Moines, Iowa
West Des Moines is a city in Iowa, United States. Most of the city is in Polk County, some of it is in Dallas County, and small portions extend into Warren and Madison Counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 68,723. West Des Moines is the second most populous city in the Des Moines metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in Iowa.
1984 Carlsberg Challenge
The 1984 Carlsberg Challenge was a non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place between 14 and 16 September 1984. The tournament featured four professional players and was filmed in RTÉ Studios, Dublin, for broadcast on RTÉ.

Jimmy White won the tournament defeating Tony Knowles 9–7.

Fosters Professional
The Fosters Professional was the final name of a series of snooker tournaments which ran for five editions from 1984 to 1988. From 1984 to 1986 it was known as the Carlsberg Challenge and in 1987 was called the Carling Challenge. Mike Hallett was the final champion of the series, all of which were held at RTÉ Studios in Dublin, Ireland.
Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen.  This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers.  They are produced on a large scale for many applications.  In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile.

Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COOH. It is one of the most widely used hydroperoxides in a variety of oxidation processes, like the Halcon process.  It is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution.  Compared to hydrogen peroxide and organic peracids, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is less reactive and more soluble in organic solvents. Overall, it is renowned for the convenient handling properties of its solutions. Its solutions in organic solvents are highly stable.
Typhlacontias punctatissimus
Typhlacontias punctatissimus, also known commonly as the dotted blind dart skink, the speckled burrowing skink, and the speckled western burrowing skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is native to southern Africa. Three subspecies are recognized.

José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage
José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (2 May 1823 – 3 November 1907) was a Portuguese zoologist, politician, and professor. He served as a professor of zoology and director of the National Museum of Natural History and Science at the Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon. Bocage's scientific work led to the description of numerous species, particularly of Portugal and its overseas territories.

Bocage held multiple public offices, including Minister of the Navy and Oversea. He was involved in colonial and geographical policy, co-founding the Lisbon Geographic Society and representing Portugal at the Berlin Conference, where he advocated for Portuguese claims in Africa. Several species have been named after him.
Points system (cricket)
In cricket, a points system is a method for determining the winner of a cricket series involving multiple formats of cricket matches. The method awards teams points for winning Test, One Day International and T20I matches, with the winner being determined by the team with the highest total score. The system was first introduced in women's cricket for the 2013 Women's Ashes series, and continues to be in use for the Women's Ashes. A multi-format points system was also used in men's cricket in 2016.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Butyrylcholine
Butyrylcholine is a choline-based ester that can function as a neurotransmitter. It is similar to acetylcholine, with activation of some of the same receptors as acetylcholine. Butyrylcholine is a synthetic compound and does not occur in the body naturally.

Choline
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+. Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate. An essential nutrient for animals, it is a structural component of phospholipids and cell membranes.

Choline is used to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and numerous functions of the nervous system. Choline is involved in early development of the brain, gene expression, cell membrane signaling, and brain metabolism.

Although humans synthesize choline in the liver, the amount produced naturally is insufficient to meet cellular functions, requiring that some choline be obtained from foods or dietary supplements. Foods rich in choline include meats, poultry, eggs, and other animal-based products, cruciferous vegetables, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Choline is present in breast milk and is commonly added as an ingredient to baby foods.
Wójcin, Mogilno County
Wójcin [ˈvui̯t͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziora Wielkie, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is chiefly agricultural and has about 800 inhabitants.

Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
The Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–1919 roku; German: Großpolnischer Aufstand) or Poznań War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (German: Grand Duchy of Posen or Provinz Posen) against German rule. The uprising had a significant effect on the Treaty of Versailles, which granted a reconstituted Second Polish Republic the area won by the Polish insurrectionists. The region had been part of the Kingdom of Poland and then Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth before the 1793 Second Partition of Poland when it was annexed by the German Kingdom of Prussia. It had also, following the 1806 Greater Poland uprising, been part of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815), a French client state during the Napoleonic Wars.
Lee On Estate
Lee On Estate (Chinese: 利安邨) is a public housing estate in Wu Kai Sha, Ma On Shan, New Territories, Hong Kong near MTR Wu Kai Sha station. It is the third public housing estate in Ma On Shan. It consists of five residential buildings completed in 1993 and 1994.

Kam Lung Court (錦龍苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court in Ma On Shan, near Lee On Estate. It consists of four blocks built in 1993.

Wu Kai Sha
Wu Kai Sha (Chinese: 烏溪沙; lit. 'Black Sand Creek'), formerly known as Wu Kwai Sha or U Kwai Sha (烏龜沙; 'Black Turtle Sands'), is a place at the shore of Tolo Harbour, northwest of Ma On Shan in the New Territories, Hong Kong. Wu Kai Sha is within the Sha Tin District, one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The name roughly translates as 'Black Sand Creek', based on the accumulation of black iron ore which traditionally flowed down from the Ma On Shan peak.
Teresa Stratas
Teresa Stratas OC FRCMT(hon) (born Anastasia Stratakis on May 26, 1938) is a retired Canadian operatic soprano and actress of Greek descent. She is especially well known for her award-winning recording of Alban Berg's Lulu.

John Corigliano
John Paul Corigliano (born February 16, 1938) is an American composer of contemporary classical music. With over 100 compositions, he has won accolades including a Pulitzer Prize, five Grammy Awards, Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition, and an Academy Award.

He is a former distinguished professor of music at Lehman College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and part of the composition faculty at the Juilliard School. Corigliano is best known for his Symphony No. 1, a response to the AIDS epidemic, and his film score for François Girard's The Red Violin (1997), which he subsequently adapted as the 2003 Concerto for Violin and Orchestra ("The Red Violin") for Joshua Bell.