hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Technoliberalism
Technoliberalism is a political ideology founded on ideas of liberty, individuality, responsibility, decentralization, and self-awareness. It also highlights an idea that technology should be available to everyone with minimal controls. Its core beliefs fit under five main interests that include Construction of the Government, Economics, Civil Liberties, Education and Science, and Environment. Technoliberals support such ideas as the balance of powers in the government, decentralization, affordable education, the protection of planet Earth, and the freedom of speech.

Negative income tax
In economics, a negative income tax (NIT) is a system which reverses the direction in which tax is paid for incomes below a certain level; in other words, earners above that level pay money to the state while earners below it receive money. NIT was proposed by British writer and politician Juliet Rhys-Williams while working on the Beveridge Report in the early 1940s and popularized by American economist Milton Friedman in the 1960s as a system in which the state makes payments to poor people when their income falls below a threshold, while taxing them on income above that threshold.

Together with Friedman, supporters of NIT also included James Tobin, Joseph A. Pechman, Jim Gray and even then-President Richard Nixon, who suggested implementation of modified NIT in his Family Assistance Plan. After the increase in popularity of NIT, an experiment sponsored by the US government was conducted between 1968 and 1982 on effects of NIT on labour supply, income, and substitution effects.
2018 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois
The 2018 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Blois, France between 18 and 24 June 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Songs of the Beatles
Songs of the Beatles is a 1981 album by Sarah Vaughan, recorded in 1977 but not released for four years due to a recording contract problem. It contains songs written and originally performed by the Beatles, with contemporaneous pop and jazz arrangements. On "Something" Vaughan was accompanied by the Brazilian singer and musician Marcos Valle.

Marty Paich
Martin Louis Paich (January 23, 1925 – August 12, 1995) was an American pianist, composer, arranger, record producer, music director, and conductor. As a musician and arranger he worked with jazz musicians Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Kenton, Al Hirt, Art Pepper, Buddy Rich, Ray Brown, Shorty Rogers, Pete Rugolo, Ray Charles and Mel Tormé. His long association with Tormé included one of the singer's earliest albums, Mel Tormé with the Marty Paich Dek-Tette. Over the next three decades he worked with pop singers such as Andy Williams and Jack Jones and for film and television. He is the father of David Paich, a founding member of the rock band Toto.
Patricia Cockburn
Patricia Evangeline Anne Cockburn (née Arbuthnot, later Bryon; 17 March 1914 – 6 October 1989) was an Irish writer, traveler, conchologist and artist. She was best known for her journalism and her later artistic career, creating shell pictures.

Myrtle Grove, Youghal
Myrtle Grove is an Elizabethan gabled house in Youghal, County Cork, Ireland. The house is notable as a rare example in Ireland of a 16th-century unfortified house. It is situated close to the Collegiate Church of St Mary Youghal.
League of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, pronounced [ˈli.ɡa ˈpɔl.skix ˈrɔ.d͡ʑin], LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past. The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage.

It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński until the latter dissolved in September 2007. In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.

The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations.

Radio Maryja
Radio Maryja [ˈradjɔ maˈrɨja] is a religious and political socially conservative Polish non-profit radio station. It was founded in Toruń, Poland, on 9 December 1991, by the Redemptorist Tadeusz Rydzyk. The name "Maryja" is a traditional Polish form of the name "Mary", referring to the Virgin Mary.
Merveille Kanjinga
Merveille Kanjinga Nanguji (born 1 February 2003) is a DR Congolese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Première Ligue club Paris Saint-Germain and the Democratic Republic of the Congo national team.

2022 CAF Women's Champions League UNIFFAC Qualifiers
The 2022 CAF Women's Champions League UNIFFAC Qualifiers is the 2nd edition of CAF Women's Champions League UNIFFAC Qualifiers  tournament organised by the UNIFFAC for the women's clubs of association nations. This edition was originally to  be held from 20 August  to 4 September 2022 in the Cameroonian capital Yaoundé.  However on 11 August the competition was postponed indefinitely following the lack of guarantee from the government of the Republic of Cameroon, the new dates and hosts will be fixed by UNIFFAC.  On 24 August 2022 it was announced that Equatorial Guinea will host the tournament starting from 10 september. 
The winners of the tournament qualified for the 2022 CAF Women's Champions League.
B. K. S. Iyengar
Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (14 December 1918 – 20 August 2014) was an Indian teacher of yoga and author. He is the founder of the style of yoga as exercise called "Iyengar Yoga", and was considered one of the foremost yoga gurus in the world. He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including Light on Yoga, Light on Pranayama, Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and Light on Life. Iyengar was one of the earliest students of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who is often called "the father of modern yoga". He has been credited with popularizing yoga, first in India and then around the world.

The Indian government awarded Iyengar the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002, and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014. In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine.

Suzanne Newcombe
Suzanne Newcombe researches the modern history of yoga and new and minority religions. She states that she is particularly interested in "the interfaces between religion, health and healing." She is known in particular for her work on yoga for women and yoga in Britain.
Riverton High School (Wyoming)
Riverton High School is a high school in Riverton, Wyoming and forms part of the Fremont County School District Number 25. In 2017, it had an enrollment of 787 students and a faculty of 46 teachers in grades 9-12. In 2018, it had an enrollment of 766 students and a faculty of 47 teachers in grades 9-12.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
Rudnya, Brest district
Rudnya (Belarusian: Рудня, romanized: Rudnia; Russian: Рудня) is a village in Brest District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is part of Damachava rural council (selsoviet). As of 2023, it has a population of 35.

It is situated by the Kopajowka River.

Brest district
Brest district (Belarusian: Брэсцкі раён; Russian: Брестский район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest, which is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, it has a population of 45,658.
2005 Four Nations Tournament (women's football)
The 2005 Four Nations Tournament was the fifth edition of this invitational women's football tournament held in China with four national teams participating in a round robin format. It was held from January 28 to February 1, 2005, in the city of Quanzhou. China won the tournament on head-to-head against Australia.

Four Nations Women's Football Tournament (China)
The Four Nations Tournament (Chinese: 中国四国女足邀请赛) is an invitational women's football tournament taking place in various cities of China since 1998. Since 2002, it has been held every year except for 2010. United States, Norway, China, North Korea, and Canada are the only winners of various editions of this tournament. The United States and China have been the most successful, winning seven editions of the tournament.
History of optics
Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look'. Optics was significantly reformed by the developments in the medieval Islamic world, such as the beginnings of physical and physiological optics, and then significantly advanced in early modern Europe, where diffractive optics began. These earlier studies on optics are now known as "classical optics". The term "modern optics" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.

Newtonian telescope
The Newtonian telescope, also called the Newtonian reflector or just a Newtonian, is a type of reflecting telescope invented by the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton, using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror. Newton's first reflecting telescope was completed in 1668 and is the earliest known functional reflecting telescope. The Newtonian telescope's simple design has made it very popular with amateur telescope makers.
Zubayr Hamza
Mohammad Zubayr Hamza (born 19 June 1995) is a South African cricketer. He made his Test debut for the South Africa cricket team in January 2019, becoming South Africa's 100th Test player since readmission. In domestic cricket, he was named as the captain of the Cape Cobras, ahead of the 2020–21 season.

South Africa A cricket team
The South Africa A cricket team is a national cricket team representing South Africa.  It is the second-tier of international South African cricket, below the full South Africa national cricket team.  Matches played by South Africa A are not Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification respectively. Tony de Zorzi is the current captain of the side, while they are being coached by Shukri Conrad.
Religion in Asia
Asia is the largest and most populous continent and the birthplace of many religions including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism, Korean shamanism, and Zoroastrianism. All major religious traditions are practiced in the region and new forms are constantly emerging. Asia is noted for its diversity of culture. Hinduism and Islam are the largest religion in Asia with approximately 1.2-1.3 billion adherents each.

Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious spirituality. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives.

Relatively little scholarly research was published on irreligion until around the year 2010.
Catenaccio
Catenaccio (Italian pronunciation: [kateˈnattʃo]) or The Chain is a tactical system in football with a strong emphasis on defence. In Italian, catenaccio means "door-bolt", which implies a highly organised and effective backline defence focused on nullifying opponents' attacks and preventing goal-scoring opportunities.

Claudio Gentile
Claudio Gentile (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo dʒenˈtiːle]; born 27 September 1953) is an Italian football manager and former player who played as a defender in the 1970s and 1980s.

Gentile appeared for Italy in two World Cup tournaments, and played for the winning Italian team in the 1982 final. His club career was notably spent with Juventus for whom he made almost 300 league appearances, winning six national titles and two major European trophies.
Typing rule
In type theory, a typing rule is an inference rule that describes how a type system assigns a type to a syntactic construction.: 94  These rules may be applied by the type system to determine if a program is well-typed and what type expressions have.  A prototypical example of the use of typing rules is in defining type inference in the simply typed lambda calculus, which is the internal language of Cartesian closed categories.

Type inference
Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction,: 320  refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These include programming languages and mathematical type systems, but also natural languages in some branches of computer science and linguistics.

Typeability is sometimes used quasi-synonymously with type inference, however some authors make a distinction between typeability as a decision problem (that has yes/no answer) and type inference as the computation of an actual type for a term.
ITURO
Istanbul Technical University Robot Olympics (ITURO) (Turkish: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Robot Olimpiyatları (İTÜRO)) is a robotic organization consisting competitions, seminars, colloquies, panel discussions, exhibitions and workshops that has been hosted by Istanbul Technical University Control and Automation Student Society since 2007. The three-day organization ITURO is organized at ITU Suleyman Demirel Cultural Center in Ayazağa Campus in every spring. In 2015, there were ten categories and the categories are being updated every year. Also, by the participation of experienced academics and industrial representatives, topics related to robotics and technology become discussed in both national and international manner.

Istanbul Technical University Süleyman Demirel Cultural Center
The ITU Süleyman Demirel Cultural Center is a multi-venue building located within Istanbul Technical University's Ayazağa campus in Maslak, Istanbul. The university's academic and cultural activities are held in this center.
Ikurangi
Ikurangi is one of the four major peaks of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. It has an elevation of 485 metres above sea level and overlooks the capital Avarua and the village of Matavera. The peak is climbable by a hiking trail. Its name is derived from a mountain in Tahiti and in turn is remembered by Mount Hikurangi in New Zealand.

Avarua
Avarua (meaning "Two Harbours" in Māori) is a district and town in the north of the island of Rarotonga, the largest island of the Cook Islands. It serves as the capital of the Island territory and is further sub-divided into 19 tapere (sub-districts). As per 2016 census, the district had a population of 4,096 individuals. It is an important commercial and economic center with the island's main airport (Rarotonga International Airport) and Avatiu harbour located here.
KAGU
KAGU (88.7 MHz) is a non-profit FM radio station run by Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington.  It broadcasts a classical music radio format for the Spokane metropolitan area.

KAGU has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 5,000 watts.  The transmitter is off South Krell Ridge Lane in Spokane Valley, Washington, amid the towers for other Spokane-area FM and TV stations.

Gonzaga University
Gonzaga University (GU) (/ɡənˈzæɡə/ ghən-ZAG-ə) is a private Jesuit university in Spokane, Washington, United States. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Founded in 1887 by Joseph Cataldo, a Sicilian-born priest and Jesuit missionary, the university is named after the young Jesuit saint Aloysius Gonzaga. The campus houses 105 buildings on 152 acres (62 ha) of grassland alongside the Spokane River, in a residential setting a half-mile (800 m) from downtown Spokane.

The university grants bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its college and six schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business Administration, School of Education, School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of Law, School of Nursing and Human Physiology, and the School of Leadership Studies.
Women's Central Zone cricket team
The Women's Central Zone cricket team is a women's first-class cricket team that represents the Central region of Bangladesh – the Dhaka Division and Mymensingh Division – in the Women's Bangladesh Cricket League (WBCL). It is a composite team of two Bangladeshi first-class women's cricket teams from south Bangladesh: Dhaka Division cricket team and Mymensingh Division cricket team.

Bangladesh Cricket Board
The Bangladesh Cricket Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ক্রিকেট বোর্ড, romanized: Bāṅlādēś Krikēṭ Bōrḍ; abbreviated as BCB), formerly known as Bangladesh Cricket Control Board, is the governing body of cricket in Bangladesh. It became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1977, and a full member on 26 June 2000. BCB has three teams which represent Bangladesh in international cricket: the Bangladesh men's national cricket team, Bangladesh women's national cricket team and Bangladesh under-19 cricket team.

The board's headquarters are located at the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Mirpur, Dhaka.
Matusevich Fjord
Matusevich Fjord (Russian: Фьорд Матусевича, Fiord Matusevicha), is a fjord in Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

This fjord is blocked by heavy ice the whole year round. Its iceberg-producing activity is unmatched by other fjords of Severnaya Zemlya.

Snow bunting
The snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) is a passerine bird in the family Calcariidae. It is an Arctic specialist, with a circumpolar Arctic breeding range throughout the northern hemisphere. There are small isolated populations on a few high mountain tops south of the Arctic region, including the Cairngorms in central Scotland and the Saint Elias Mountains on the southern Alaska-Yukon border, as well as the Cape Breton Highlands. The snow bunting is the most northerly recorded passerine in the world.
Sacred Harp hymnwriters and composers
The Sacred Harp is a shape note tunebook, originally compiled in 1844 by Benjamin Franklin White and Elisha J. King in Georgia and used to this day in revised form by Sacred Harp singers throughout America and overseas.  This article is a historical overview and listing of the composers and poets who wrote the songs and texts of The Sacred Harp.

William Walker (composer)
William Walker (May 6, 1809 – September 24, 1875) was an American Baptist song leader, shape note "singing master", and compiler of four shape note tunebooks, most notable of which are the influential The Southern Harmony and The Christian Harmony, which has been in continuous use (republished 2010).
Military rule
Military rule may mean:

Military justice, the legal system applying to members of the armed forces

Martial law, where military authority takes over normal administration of law

Military occupation, when a country or area is occupied after invasion.
List of military occupations

Military dictatorship, a form of government where political power resides with the military

Military junta ("junta," from Spanish meaning "together")

Military democracy, a form of military government of a war-based society which practices democracy, with an elected and removable supreme chief, a council of elders, and a popular assembly.

Stratocracy, a form of government headed by military chiefs. The branches of government are administered by military forces, the government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue, and is usually carried out by military workers.

Military justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces. Many nation-states have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces.  Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use civilian judicial systems.  Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the legality of orders, and appropriate conduct for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with civil offenses committed by their armed forces in some circumstances.

Military justice is distinct from martial law, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in times of emergency, war, or civil unrest. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced.
Valla, New South Wales
Valla is a suburb in the Nambucca Valley, on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. The name was chosen to match that of the British residence of nineteenth century diplomat Andrew Buchanan.

Nambucca Valley Council
Nambucca Valley Council is a local government area in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

The shire services an area of 1,491 square kilometres (576 sq mi) and is located adjacent to the Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line. At the 2016 census, Nambucca Valley Council had a high proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people residing within its boundaries; being 7.6 per cent of the population, nearly treble the national and state averages of 2.8 and 2.9 per cent respectively. Within the Shire's boundaries is Bowraville, one of the most socially disadvantaged areas in Australia.

The mayor of the Nambucca Valley Council is Gary Lee, an independent politician.

The local government area was created on 15 December 1915, from land excised from Bellingen Shire, and was originally called Nambucca Shire. The area was renamed Nambucca Valley from 4 December 2019.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is an association for human resource management professionals. Its headquarters are in Wimbledon, London, England. The organisation was founded in 1913—it is the world's oldest association in its field and has over 160,000 members internationally working across private, public and voluntary sectors. Peter Cheese was announced in June 2012 as CIPD's new CEO from July 2012.

Society for Human Resource Management
The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) is the world’s largest professional association dedicated to the practice of human resource management. Based in Alexandria, Virginia, SHRM offers membership services, conducts research, and engages in public policy advocacy. A nonpartisan organization, SHRM advocates at the federal, state, and local level, aiming to influence legislation and regulations related to workforce development, immigration, healthcare, and other issues. The organization has nearly 340,000 members in 180 countries, impacting more than 362 million workers and families globally.