hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen clathrate
Nitrogen clathrate or nitrogen hydrate is a clathrate consisting of ice with regular crystalline cavities that contain nitrogen molecules. Nitrogen clathrate is a variety of air hydrates.  It occurs naturally in ice caps on Earth, and is believed to be important in the outer Solar System on moons such as Titan and Triton which have a cold nitrogen atmosphere.

Phases of ice
Variations in pressure and temperature give rise to different phases of ice, which have varying properties and molecular geometries. Currently, twenty-two crystalline phases have been observed, including ice Ih, Ic, ..., XXI. In modern history, phases have been discovered through scientific research with various techniques including pressurization, force application, nucleation agents, and others.

On Earth, most ice is found in the hexagonal Ice Ih phase. Less common phases may be found in the atmosphere and underground due to more extreme pressures and temperatures. Some phases are manufactured for nano scale uses due to their properties. In space, amorphous ice is the most common form as confirmed by observation. Thus, it is theorized to be the most common phase in the universe. Various other phases could be found naturally in astronomical objects.
Midget Ocean Racing Club
The Midget Ocean Racing Club (MORC) was an association that promoted and organized ocean keelboat racing under a handicapping rule that it administered. It was formed at a time when existing rating rules like CCA and later IOR favoured much larger boats.

Keelboat
A keelboat is a small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yacht. Modern keelboats often have fixed fin keels, and considerable draft, but shoal draft or lifting keel designs exist also.

Keelboats have ballast to help keep the boat upright.

A keelboat has a cabin with accommodation for crew to sleep or cook. Though there can be some overlap, they are generally larger than dinghies, which are not ballasted and don't have cabins.

A keelboat is technically any sailboat with a keel and ballast —as opposed to a dinghy.

World Sailing (formerly the ISAF, formerly the IYRU) usage differentiates keelboats (including the 12-meter class) from generally larger yachts, despite overlap in the sizes of boats in the two classes. The 2025 Offshore Double Handed World Championship will use the Sun Fast 30 One Design.

The Olympic Games used keelboat to describe keeled boats such as the Soling which carries three crew, compared to larger boats such as the 12-metre class.
Amano (restaurant)
Amano is a Mexican restaurant in Caldwell, Idaho, United States. The restaurant was established in September 2019 by Salvador "Sal" Alamilla. The business was included in The New York Times's 2023 list of the 50 best restaurants in the United States. In 2025, Amano's chef Salvador Alamilla won James Beard's regional Best Chef award.

Caldwell, Idaho
Caldwell (locally CALL-dwel) is a city in and the county seat of Canyon County, Idaho, United States. Caldwell is the 5th most populous city in Idaho. As of the 2020 census, Caldwell had a population of 59,996.

Caldwell is considered part of the Boise metropolitan area, and is the location of the College of Idaho.
VP-90
VP-90 was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve. The squadron was established on 1 November 1970 at NAS Glenview, Illinois, where it was based for the rest of its life. It was disestablished on 30 September 1994, after 25 years of service. The squadron's nickname was the Lions from 1974 onward. Elements of the squadron made 22 major overseas deployments.

Lockheed P-2 Neptune
The Lockheed P-2 Neptune (designated P2V by the United States Navy prior to September 1962) is a maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. It was developed for the US Navy by Lockheed to replace the Lockheed PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon, and was replaced in turn by the Lockheed P-3 Orion. Designed as a land-based aircraft, the Neptune never made a carrier landing, but a small number were converted and deployed as carrier-launched (using JATO assist), stop-gap nuclear bombers that would have to land on shore or ditch. The type was successful in export, and saw service with several armed forces.
Contamination (textual criticism)
In textual criticism, contamination refers to the phenomenon in which a manuscript or witness incorporates readings from multiple source texts, rather than following a single line of transmission. This undermines models that assume a single line of descent and complicates efforts to reconstruct an archetype.

German classical philologist Paul Maas warned that there is "no remedy against contamination." Since the late twentieth century, editors have treated contamination as common across Greco‑Roman, biblical, medieval, and non‑Western traditions, and they have adopted network or local geneaological models that can register intersecting lines of descent.

In New Testament studies the phenomenon is often called mixture. The development of phylogenetic and coherence‑based approaches has provided practical strategies for analyzing contamination without assuming a single global stemma.

Linguistic monogenesis and polygenesis
In historical or evolutionary linguistics, monogenesis and polygenesis are two different hypotheses about the phylogenetic origin of human languages. According to monogenesis, human language arose only once in a single community, and all current languages come from the first original tongue. On the other hand, according to polygenesis, human languages came into being in several communities independently, and current tongues derived from different sources.
Chamcha
Chamcha (Russian: Чамча; Yakut: Чамча, Çamça) is a rural locality (a selo) in Orto-Nakharinsky Rural Okrug of Lensky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 37 kilometers (23 mi) from Lensk, the administrative center of the district, and 30 kilometers (19 mi) from Orto-Nakhara, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 355.

Orto-Nakhara
Orto-Nakhara (Russian: Орто-Нахара; Yakut: Орто Наахара, Orto Naaxara) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of  Orto-Nakharinsky Rural Okrug of Lensky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 67 kilometers (42 mi) from Lensk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 379.
Snowboarding at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Women's giant slalom
The women's giant slalom competition of the Nagano 1998 Olympics was held at Mount Yakebitai on 10 February.

It was the first time snowboarding was added as a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. The giant slalom was replaced by the parallel giant slalom event in 2002 in Salt Lake City.

Snowboarding at the 1998 Winter Olympics
The snowboarding competition of the 1998 Winter Olympics was held at Mount Yakebitai and Kanbayashi Snowboard Park. The competition took place between 8 and 12 February 1998 and featured four events: Men's and Women's giant slalom and halfpipe.

This was the first Olympic appearance of snowboarding. Although a separate snowboard federation was established in 1994, the International Ski Federation brought snowboard under its jurisdiction with encouragement from the IOC.
FK Voždovac
Fudbalski klub Voždovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Вождовац) is a professional football club based in Voždovac, Belgrade, Serbia, which competes in the Serbian First League, the second tier.

Nicknamed "The Dragons", they experienced little success in the Yugoslavian era, but have become one of Belgrade's best and most stable clubs in modern times since Serbia's independence.

They are known for their stadion on top of the shopping center.

Serbian League Belgrade
Serbian League Belgrade (Serbian: Српска лига Београд / Srpska liga Beograd) is one of four sections of the Serbian League, the third tier of professional football in Serbia. The other three sections are Serbian League East, Serbian League Vojvodina and Serbian League West.
Melanagh
Melanagh (from Irish Meallanacht, meaning 'O'Mellons country') is an ancient Irish district in what is now north-eastern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Melanagh along with Tarraghter were once part of the barony of Loughinsholin until the Plantation of Ulster, which saw them merged with the barony of Mountjoy (modern-day barony of Dungannon Upper).

Situated to the south of Slieve Gallion, Melanagh was divided into two portions. One portion lay in between Tarraghter and Killetra, in an area roughly in between the Ballinderry and Lissan Rivers. The other portion lay in between Tarraghter, Killetra, and Glenconkeyne. Both portions were connected by Tarraghters termon lands.

Dungannon Upper
Dungannon Upper is a barony  in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was created in 1851 with the splitting of the barony of Dungannon. Lough Neagh runs along its eastern boundary, and it is bordered by four other baronies: Dungannon Middle to the south; Loughinsholin to the north; Strabane Upper to the north-west; and Omagh East to the south-west.
Grégoire Saucy
Grégoire Matthieu Saucy (French pronunciation: [ɡʁe.ɡwaʁ so.si]; born 26 December 1999) is a Swiss racing driver who competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship for United Autosports.

Saucy won the 2021 Formula Regional European Championship with ART.

Circuit Zandvoort
Circuit Zandvoort (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪrˈkʋi ˈzɑntfoːrt]), known for sponsorship reasons as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort, previously known as Circuit Park Zandvoort until 2017, is a 4.259 km (2.646 mi) motorsport race track located in the dunes north of Zandvoort, the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line and 35 km (22 mi) west of Amsterdam. It returned to the Formula One calendar in 2021 as the location of the revived Dutch Grand Prix. This partnership with Formula One will end in 2026. The circuit has been named as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort for at least three years since July 2025.
Seibel S-4
The Seibel S-4 was a two-bladed, single-engine helicopter built by Seibel Helicopter. Designed by Charles Seibel, the S-4 was evaluated by the United States Army under the designation YH-24 Sky Hawk, but would be rejected for service. The S-4B would serve as the basis for the design of the Cessna CH-1 Skyhook, the only helicopter Cessna ever produced.

Lycoming O-290
The Lycoming O-290 is a dual-ignition, four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed aircraft engine. It was first run in 1939, and entered production three years later.

A common variant of the type is the O-290-G, a single-ignition model which was designed to drive a generator as part of a ground power unit.
Peter Bloomfield (statistician)
Peter Bloomfield is a British statistician.

Bloomfield completed his doctorate at the University of London in 1970. His doctoral dissertation, Some Problems in the Spectral Analysis of Time Series with Missing Values, was supervised by David Roxbee Cox. Bloomfield moved to the United States to teach at Princeton University, where from 1979 to 1983, he chaired the Department of Statistics. Bloomfield joined the North Carolina State University faculty later that year. Upon retirement, he was granted emeritus status.

Bloomfield was elected a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1976, and to an equivalent honor by the American Statistical Association in 1993.

David Cox (statistician)
Sir David Roxbee Cox FRS FBA FRSE FRSC (15 July 1924 – 18 January 2022) was a British statistician and educator. His wide-ranging contributions to the field of statistics included introducing logistic regression, the proportional hazards model and the Cox process, a point process named after him.

He was a professor of statistics at Birkbeck College, London, Imperial College London and the University of Oxford, and served as Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford. The first recipient of the International Prize in Statistics, he also received the Guy, George Box and Copley medals, as well as a knighthood.
NGC 1947
NGC 1947 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy in the constellation Dorado. The galaxy lies about 50 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1947 is approximately 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on November 5, 1826.

Peculiar galaxy
A peculiar galaxy is a galaxy of unusual size, shape, or composition. Between five and ten percent of known galaxies are categorized as peculiar. Astronomers have identified two types of peculiar galaxies: interacting galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN).

When two galaxies come close to each other, their mutual gravitational forces can cause them to acquire highly irregular shapes. The terms 'peculiar galaxy' and 'interacting galaxy' have now become synonymous because the majority of peculiar galaxies attribute their forms to such gravitational forces.
Mary Hardy (diarist)
Mary Hardy (née Raven; 12 November 1733 – 23 March 1809) was an 18th-century English diarist. She depicted commercial and working life in the countryside, being actively engaged in her husband's farming and brewing business. Her 500,000-word record, compiled daily from 1773 to 1809, reveals the exacting, time-pressured nature of pre-mechanised work for the middle and labouring classes.

Malt house
A malt house, malt barn, or maltings, is a building where cereal grain is converted into malt by soaking it in water, allowing it to sprout and then drying it to stop further growth. The malt is used in brewing beer, whisky and in certain foods. The traditional malt house was largely phased out during the twentieth century in favour of more mechanised production. Many malt houses have been converted to other uses, such as Snape Maltings, England, which is now a concert hall.
Shearwater (band)
Shearwater is an American indie rock band from Austin, Texas, led by multi-instrumentalist and lead singer Jonathan Meiburg, a singer-songwriter. The band's music is notable for its imagery based in nature, cerebral yet intimate melodic songs, as well as Meiburg's vocals.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Roy Head
Roy Kent Head (January 9, 1941 – September 21, 2020) was an American singer, best known for his hit song "Treat Her Right".

Head and fellow high school student Tommy Bolton founded musical group The Traits in 1957, with the band, billed as Roy Head and the Traits, scoring the international hit "Treat Her Right" in 1965. Head later enjoyed a successful solo career with several hits on the country and western charts between 1975 and 1985. During his career of some 50 years, Head performed in several different musical genres and recorded for an array of record labels, some too small to provide national marketing and distribution. Roy Head and the Traits held reunions in 2001 and 2007 and were inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 2007.

ABC Records
ABC Records was an American record label founded in New York City in 1955. It originated as the main popular music label operated by the Am-Par Record Corporation. Am-Par also created the Impulse! jazz label in 1960. It acquired many labels before ABC was sold to MCA Records in 1979. ABC produced music in a variety of genres: pop, rock, jazz, country, rhythm and blues, soundtrack, gospel, and polka. In addition to producing records, ABC licensed masters from independent record producers, and purchased regionally released records for national distribution.

The label was initially called Am-Par Records (1955), but quickly changed to ABC-Paramount Records (1955–1966), and then renamed ABC Records in 1966.
Krylvika Bight
Krylvika Bight is a southern lobe of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, indenting the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, for about 30 nautical miles (60 km) between Båkeneset Headland and Trollkjelneset Headland. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Krylvika (the hump bay), probably in association with nearby Krylen Hill.

Båkeneset Headland
Båkeneset Headland (71°23′S 2°48′W﻿ / ﻿71.383°S 2.800°W﻿ / -71.383; -2.800) is an ice-covered headland, marked by Båken Nunatak near the seaward end, forming the northwest extremity of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and from air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition(1949–52), and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59), and named "Båkeneset" (the "beacon cape").
Inca architecture
Inca architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from Tiwanaku, founded in the 2nd century B.C.E. in present-day Bolivia.  A core characteristic of the architectural style was to use the topography and existing materials of the land as part of the design. The capital of the Inca empire, Cuzco, still contains many fine examples of Inca architecture, although many walls of Inca masonry have been incorporated into Spanish Colonial structures. The famous royal estate of Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu) is a surviving example of Inca architecture.  Other significant sites include Sacsayhuamán and Ollantaytambo. The Incas also developed an extensive road system spanning most of the western length of the continent and placed their distinctive architecture along the way, thereby visually asserting their imperial rule along the frontier.

Coricancha
The Coricancha (Cusco Quechua: Quri Kancha, lit. 'golden temple', pronounced [ˈqɔɾi ˈkantʃa]) was the most important temple in the Inca Empire, and was described by early Spanish colonialists. It is located in Cusco, Peru, which was the capital of the empire.
The Mystery of the Blue Train
The Mystery of the Blue Train is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the United Kingdom by William Collins & Sons on 29 March 1928 and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The book features her detective Hercule Poirot.

The novel concerns the murder of an American heiress on Le Train Bleu, the titular "Blue Train". The novel entered the public domain in the United States in 2024; however, it will still be copyrighted in the United Kingdom until 1 January 2047, 70 years after the death of Agatha Christie.

William Collins, Sons
William Collins, Sons & Co., often referred to as Collins, was a Scottish printing and publishing company founded by a Presbyterian schoolmaster, William Collins, in Glasgow in 1819, in partnership with Charles Chalmers, the younger brother of Thomas Chalmers, the minister of Tron Church in Glasgow.

Collins merged with Harper & Row in 1990, forming a new publisher named HarperCollins.
Shoshone, Nevada
Shoshone is a rural, unincorporated community in White Pine County, Nevada.  It is at the south end of State Route 894, off of U.S. Route 93, just west of Great Basin National Park. The community consists of approximately nine ranches situated one to three miles apart in a long valley. The historic mine site of Minerva is located in Shoshone.

Ranches in Shoshone

White Pine County, Nevada
White Pine County is a largely rural, mountain county along the central eastern boundary of the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,080.  Its county seat is Ely. The name "(Rocky Mountain) white pine" is an old name for the limber pine (Pinus flexilis), a common tree in the county's mountains. The county boasts dark skies, clean air and millions of acres of unspoiled public land. It is the home of Great Basin National Park, one of America's most remote and least visited national parks. It is also home to no less than 14 federally designated wilderness areas, offering an abundance of terrain available to explore for hikers, backpackers, skiers, hunters and anglers. The Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation is located in the county, on the south side of the City of Ely. The reservation has a land area of 104.99 acres (0.4249 km2) and a 2000 census official resident population of 133 people.
Utah and Northern Railway
The Utah & Northern Railway is a defunct railroad that was operated in the Utah Territory and later in the Idaho Territory and Montana Territory in the western United States during the 1870s and 1880s.  It was the first railroad in Idaho and in Montana. The line was acquired by a Union Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the Oregon Short Line, and is today operated by the Union Pacific Railroad as the Ogden Subdivision (Ogden to McCammon, Idaho), part of the Pocatello Subdivision (McCammon to Pocatello, Idaho), and the Montana Subdivision (Pocatello to Butte, Montana).

Montana Territory
The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the state of Montana.
2018 Sarasota Open
The 2018 Sarasota Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sarasota, Florida, United States between April 16 and April 22, 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Karacabey
Karacabey is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,158 km2, and its population is 84,907 (2022). It is located just west of the Simav River near its confluence with the Adirnaz River. The district of Karacabey borders the districts of Mudanya and Nilüfer from east, Mustafakemalpaşa and Susurluk from south, Manyas from southwest and Bandırma from west. It is sited on the ancient town of Miletopolis.

Karacabey is an industrial area as well as an agricultural one. It is known as the plantation area of a special variety of onions. There are many famous food factories around Karacabey such as Nestle and many varieties of vegetables and fruits are planted in Karacabey. There is a nearby lake called Uluabat. The Marmara Sea is 32 km to the north.

Susurluk
Susurluk is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 652 km2, and its population is 37,724 (2022). It is famous for its production of soap and dairy products. 
The highway from Istanbul to İzmir passes through Susurluk. In Turkey Susurluk is known for its 'tost' (susurluk tostu) - a toasted cheese sandwich with tomato paste, and for its foamy ayran. The mayor is Hakan Yıldırım Semizel (CHP).
Govindlal Vora
Govindlal Vora (12 March 1932 – 13 May 2018) was an Indian journalist, known for his contribution to Fearless journalism, literature, education and works in various social causes. He was founder editor of Hindi daily Amrit Sandesh. He also headed various trust and societies, in different fields of social welfare. He was active in journalism for 60 years in India.

Pragati College of Engineering and Management, Raipur
Pragati College of Engineering and Management (PCEM) was an engineering college located in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The college is affiliated to the Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University and approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.