hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hank Reinhardt
Julius Henry ("Hank") Reinhardt (January 18, 1934 – October 30, 2007) was an American author, editor, science fiction fan, and noted armorer and authority on medieval weaponry. He wrote as Hank Reinhardt, the nickname by which he was widely known. He was the husband of editor Toni Weisskopf, formerly married to publisher Jim Baen, whom she succeeded as publisher of Baen Books.

Jim Baen
James Patrick Baen (| beɪn |; October 22, 1943 – June 28, 2006) was a U.S. science fiction publisher and editor. In 1983, he founded his own  publishing house, Baen Books, specializing in the adventure, fantasy, military science fiction, and space opera genres. Baen also founded the video game publisher, Baen Software. In late 1999, he started an electronic publishing business called Webscriptions (since renamed to Baen Ebooks), which is considered to be the first profitable e-book vendor.
Fichtelgebirge Club
The Fichtelgebirge Club (German: Fichtelgebirgsverein or FGV) is a large walking club and local heritage society in Bavaria and recognised conservation group with 20,000 members in 55 local groups. As the name says, its main sphere of activity is in the Fichtel Mountains in north Bavaria. Its emblem is the Arctic starflower (the Siebenstern).

Wunsiedel
Wunsiedel (German pronunciation: [ˈvʊnˌziːdl̩] ⓘ; Northern Bavarian: Wåuṉsieḏl or Wousigl) is the seat of the Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel in northeast Bavaria, Germany.  The town is the birthplace of poet Jean Paul. It also became known for its annual Luisenburg Festival and the Rudolf Hess Memorial March held there by Neo-Nazis until 2005.
Mount Pontida
Mount Pontida (Bulgarian: връх Понтида, romanized: vrah Pontida, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ponˈtidɐ]) is the ice-covered mountain rising to 1965 m in Havre Mountains, northern Alexander Island in Antarctica. It surmounts Hadzhiev Glacier to the north, Foreman Glacier to the southeast and Wubbold Glacier to the southwest. British mapping in 1971. The feature is named after the hypothetical lost land of Pontida located in Black Sea.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
County Route 83 (Suffolk County, New York)
County Route 83 (CR 83) is a major north–south county road in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. It runs from NY 27 (Sunrise Highway) exit 52A in North Patchogue to NY 25A in Mount Sinai. The road was to have to run further south along North Ocean Avenue and South Ocean Avenue through the village of Patchogue, but that proposal was canceled. CR 83 is known as North Ocean Avenue south of Granny Road in Medford and as Patchogue–Mount Sinai Road north of that point.

Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
Khairatabad
Khairatabad is a neigbourhood in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is a mandal in the Secunderabad Revenue division of Hyderabad District. This is a Zone in the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. There are five circles in this zone namely Mehdipatnam (12), Karwan (13), Goshamahal (14), Khairatabad (17) and Jubilee Hills (18). There are four wards under this Khairatabad circle, they are Khairtabad (91), Somajiguda (97), Ameerpet (98) and Sanathnagar (100).

Hussain Sagar
Hussain Sagar (alternatively referred to as Tank Bund; Telugu pronunciation: [ɦusen sɑːgər]) is a heart-shaped lake in Hyderabad, Telangana, India, built by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in 1562. It is spread across an area of 5.7 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi) and is fed by the River Musi. A large monolithic statue of the Gautama Buddha, erected in 1992, stands on Gibraltar Rock in the middle of the lake. The lake separates the city centre of Hyderabad from the neighbourhood of Secunderabad. The maximum depth of the lake is 32 feet (9.8 m).
Nittel
Nittel (German pronunciation: [ˈnɪtl̩]; Luxembourgish: Nëttel [ˈnətəl] ⓘ), on the Upper Moselle, is an Ortsgemeinde ("village municipality") in the Landkreis [county] of Trier-Saarburg in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde [United Municipalities] of Konz.  The place, located between dolomite and limestone cliffs, is a nationally recognized resort.

Konz
Konz (German pronunciation: [kɔnts] ⓘ; Latin: Contionacum) is a city in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Saar and Moselle, approx. 8 km southwest of Trier.

Konz is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Konz. The following villages are part of the municipality Konz:

Canet

Filzen

Hamm

Karthaus

Könen

Krettnach

Kommlingen

Niedermennig

Oberemmel

Obermennig

Roscheid

Pellingen
Şerefli, Derik
Şerefli (Kurdish: Şirîfbaba) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Metînan tribe and had a population of 539 in 2021.

Derik, Turkey
Derik (Kurdish: Dêrîka Çiyayê Mazî) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,381 km2, and its population is 62,028 (2022). Derik is situated in Mardin Province within the predominantly Kurdish-speaking region of southeastern Turkey. The district's population is largely Kurdish-speaking, reflecting the broader demographic character of Mardin Province.
Tropical ataxic neuropathy
Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN, also known as Strachan-Scott syndrome and prisoners of war neuropathy) is a disease or category of diseases that commonly causes disability and increases mortality. The causes of TAN are not understood; there is no generally accepted treatment, and the reported outcomes are inconsistent.

The disease affects poor tropical populations; there are no good statistics on how many people are affected worldwide, but in some populations, more than a quarter of people are affected.  Malnutrition may play a role.

TAN is one of many tropical myeloneuropathies. It was first described in Jamaica in 1897, by postmortems of 510 cases; in 1959, it was dubbed "tropical ataxic neuropathy".

Ataxia
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

These nervous-system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia. Friedreich's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
Albert of Strzelce
Albert of Strzelce (Polish: Albert strzelecki; after 1300 – around 25 September 1375), was a Duke of Opole 1313–1323 (with his brother as co-ruler) and Duke of Strzelce from 1323 until his death.

He was the third and youngest son of Duke Bolko I of Opole by his wife Agnes, probably daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg. He was the second and last member of the Piast dynasty who bore this name (the first was a son of Władysław II the Exile).

Władysław II the Exile
Władysław II the Exile (Polish: Władysław II Wygnaniec; 1105 – 30 May 1159) was the high duke of Poland and duke of Silesia from 1138 until his expulsion in 1146. He is the progenitor of the Silesian Piasts.
Coat of arms of Jakobstad
Jakobstad, a town in Finland, has a coat of arms that was drawn in its current form by Gustaf von Numers. It portrays a red-crowned, sword-holding a blue lion with a split tail. The lion is standing in a red tower in blue water. The background is gold-colored. The shield is crowned by a baronial coronet.

The origin lies in the coat of arms of the Swedish noble family de la Gardie, and can be seen in the second and third fields of the coat of arms depicted in a painting of Jacob de la Gardie by an unknown artist.

The Swedish name for the coat of arms of Jakobstad (Jakobstads vapen) has also been used for a ketch rigged vessel galeas replica called the Jacobstads Wapen.

Jacobstads Wapen
The Jacobstads Wapen is a modern replica of an 18th-century galeas built in Jakobstad, Finland, between 1988 and 1994. She is built according to blueprints by the Swedish warship architect Fredrik Henrik af Chapman dating from 1755, the oldest vessel blueprints found in Finland. She is classified by the Finnish National Board of Navigation as a passenger, special-purpose vessel. The 18th century galleon Jacobstads Wapen was sold off in Amsterdam.

She has been used as a symbol for Jakobstad but as of late has encountered financial problems. She participated in the festivities at the 300 year anniversary of St. Petersburg, Russia, in 2003. In 2005 it was discovered that some of the woodwork had deteriorated and is currently awaiting renovations.
Issac Luke
Issac Luke (born 29 May 1987) is a former New Zealand professional rugby league footballer.

He previously played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, New Zealand Warriors, St. George Illawarra Dragons, and the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League. Issac Luke was a part of the South Sydney squad that won the 2014 NRL Premiership, however despite being named as starting hooker, was ruled out for the final due to suspension. Luke is a member of the World Cup-winning New Zealand team that beat Australia in the 2008 Final.

Sydney Cricket Ground
The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in the Moore Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is used for Test, One Day International and Twenty20 cricket, as well as, Australian rules football and occasionally for rugby league, rugby union and association football. It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team, the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League. It is owned and operated by Venues NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales who also hold responsibility for Stadium Australia and the Sydney Football Stadium.
Jodel D.11
The Jodel D.11 is a French two-seat monoplane designed and developed by Société Avions Jodel in response to a French government request for a low-wing aircraft for use by the nation's many emerging flying clubs.

More than 3,000 examples have been built and flown.

Continental O-200
The Continental C90 and O-200 are a family of air-cooled, horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, direct-drive aircraft engines of 201 in3 (3.29 L) displacement, producing between 90 and 100 horsepower (67 and 75 kW).

Built by Continental Motors these engines are used in many light aircraft designs of the United States, including the early Piper PA-18 Super Cub, the Champion 7EC, the Alon Aircoupe, and the Cessna 150.

Though the C90 was superseded by the O-200, and many of the designs utilizing the O-200 had gone out of production by 1980, with the 2004 publication of the United States Federal Aviation Administration light-sport aircraft regulations came a resurgence in demand for the O-200.
Jurong Regional Library
Jurong Regional Library (Chinese: 裕廊区域图书馆; Malay: Perpustakaan Wilayah Jurong) is a public library located in Jurong East, Singapore. It is located next to the now defunct JCube and is within walking distances of Jurong East Bus Interchange and Jurong East MRT station. It is the third regional library to be completed after the Tampines and Woodlands regional libraries.

During the construction of the National Library building, it temporarily housed the main collections of the reference library until the opening of the new building on 22 July 2005.

Tampines Regional Library
1°21′08″N 103°56′28″E﻿ / ﻿1.3522°N 103.9412°E﻿ / 1.3522; 103.9412

Tampines Regional Library (Chinese: 淡滨尼区域图书馆; Malay: Perpustakaan Wilayah Tampines; Tamil: தெம்பினிஸ் வட்டார நூலகம்) is a library located at Our Tampines Hub, Singapore. It is the first regional library in Singapore.

The library was opened in 1994 at Tampines New Town and was closed in June 2017 for upgrading. It was re-opened on 5 August 2017 at Our Tampines Hub.
Sasanian defense lines
The defense lines of the Sasanians were part of their military strategy and tactics. They were networks of fortifications, walls, and/or ditches built opposite the territory of the enemies. These defense lines are known from tradition and archaeological evidence.

The fortress systems of the Western, Arabian, and Central Asian fronts were of both defensive and offensive functions.

Asoristan
30°53′41″N 47°34′41″E﻿ / ﻿30.89472°N 47.57806°E﻿ / 30.89472; 47.57806

Asoristan (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭, Asōristān, Āsūristān), also known as Suristan, was the name of the Sasanian province of Assyria and Babylonia from 226 to 637 CE.
14th Engineer Battalion
The 14th Brigade Engineer Battalion is a Combat Engineer Battalion of the United States Army based at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington. The battalion is a subordinate unit of the 2nd Stryker Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, and I Corps. The battalion's official motto is "Gong Mu Ro" (Korean for "Duty first") and battle cry "Rugged!"

Meritorious Unit Commendation
The Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC; pronounced muck) is a mid-level unit award of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Army awards units the Army MUC for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding achievement or service in combat or non-combat, the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award units the Navy MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service in combat or non-combat, and the U.S. Coast Guard awards units the Coast Guard MUC for valorous or meritorious achievement or service not involving combat.
Ivan II of Moscow
Ivan II Ivanovich the Fair (Russian: Иван II Иванович Красный, romanized: Ivan II Ivanovich Krasnyy; 30 March 1326 – 13 November 1359) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1353 to 1359. Until that date, he had ruled the towns of Ruza and Zvenigorod. He was the second son of Ivan Kalita, and succeeded his brother Simeon the Proud, who died of the Black Death.

Grand Prince of Vladimir
The Prince of Vladimir, from the 1186 Grand Prince of Vladimir (Russian: Великий князь Владимирский), also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389.
History of cell membrane theory
Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer "sea". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today.

Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges on macroscopic objects where quantum effects can be neglected. Under these circumstances, the electric field, electric potential, and the charge density are related without complications from magnetic effects.

Since classical antiquity, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον), meaning 'amber', was thus the root of the word electricity. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.

There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of plastic wrap to one's hand after it is removed from a package, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and photocopier and laser printer operation.
Thomas'
Thomas' is a brand of English muffins and bagels in North America, established in 1880. It is owned by Bimbo Bakeries USA, one of the largest baking companies in the United States, which also owns Entenmann's, Sara Lee, Stroehmann, and Arnold Bread companies.  Advertisements for the muffins place emphasis on their "nooks and crannies". The company also produces toasting or swirl bread, pitas, wraps, and bagels.

Sara Lee Corporation
The Sara Lee Corporation was an American consumer-goods company based in Downers Grove, Illinois. The Sara Lee name was used of a number of frozen and packaged foods, often known for the long-running slogan "Everybody doesn't like something, but nobody doesn't like Sara Lee".

In 2005, Sara Lee Corporation had operations in more than 40 countries; sold food, beverage, and household products in over 180 countries; and had some 137,000 employees worldwide. In 2005, Sara Lee Corporation was split into two companies: one for North American operations renamed Hillshire Brands, which continued to use the Sara Lee name on bakery and certain deli products, and the other for international beverage and bakery businesses that was named D.E Master Blenders 1753. Hillshire Brands was acquired by Tyson Foods in 2014.

In 2018, Tyson Foods sold the Sara Lee brand and product line to private investment firm Kohlberg & Company.
Mortimer Plumtree
David Webber (born 1969) is an actor and former professional wrestling manager, best known by his ring name Mortimer Plumtree. His biggest exposure came during the early days of NWA Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in 2002.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Radhabai Subbarayan
Kailash Radhabai Subbarayan, nee Kudmul (22 April 1891 - 1960) was an Indian politician, women's rights activist and social reformer. She was the wife of Indian politician P. Subbarayan and mother of Mohan Kumaramangalam, P. P. Kumaramangalam and Parvathi Krishnan.

Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
General Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam DSO MBE FRHS (1 July 1913 – 13 March 2000) was a  senior Indian Army officer, serving as Chief of the Army Staff between 1966 and 1969. He was the last King's Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO) to lead the Indian Army.
Daphne leishanensis
Daphne leishanensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to South-Central China (Guizhou). It was first described in 1985.

Daphne leishanensis differs from Daphne genkwa by having blackish-purple older branches and reddish flowers 6–7 mm long. It grows on rocky slopes with bushes at altitudes ranging from 900 to 1,200 m.

Daphne genkwa
Daphne genkwa is a deciduous shrub and one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it has the name yuán huā (Chinese: 芫花).

The plant was discovered by the prolific British plant collector Charles Maries (1851–1902).
Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims
The Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims or CLAPV (Chinese: 污染受害者法律帮助中心) at the China University of Political Science and Law is a legal-aid office, training center, and one of the most effective environmental groups in China.

CLAPV was established in October 1998 by Professor Wang Canfa. It was approved by China University of Political Science & Law and registered with the Chinese Judicial Ministry.  According to Professor Wangcafa, "China has many laws and regulations regarding the environment, but the situation just gets worse, because they are often not implemented."

Goals of CLAPV include promoting "enforcement of environmental law," and to "tell the public how to respond when your rights are violated."

CLAPV had answered more than 10,000 calls for assistance to its hotline and pursued over 100 cases, some with as many as 1,700 plaintiffs.

China University of Political Science and Law
The China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; Chinese: 中国政法大学) is a national public university in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and co-sponsored with the Beijing Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university focuses on the fields of law, politics, economics, management, sociology, history, and philosophy. CUPL has two campuses, one in Haidian as the original campus of the university, and the other located in Changping. At present, Haidian campus only conducts postgraduate education while undergraduates study on the larger Changping campus. In 2015, CUPL comprises 13 schools, with 15,833 students and 951 faculty members, of whom 290 are professors. CUPL maintains a broad international exchange program, with approximately 1000 foreign students from many countries.
Otamatea River (Bay of Plenty)
The Otamatea River is a river of the southwestern Bay of Plenty Region and eastern Taupō District of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally north from its origins at the Otamatea Swamp in the northern foothills of the Ahimanawa Range, reaching the Rangitaiki River 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Taupō amid the Kaingaroa Forest.

Taupō District
Taupō District is a territorial authority district in New Zealand. It covers 6,333 km² of land, and a further 610 km² of lake area, including Lake Taupō, New Zealand's largest lake, and Lake Rotoaira. The district stretches from the small town of Mangakino in the northwest to the Tongariro National Park in the south, and east into the Kaingaroa Forest. The district's population is largely located in the two main centres, Taupō and Tūrangi.