hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stevenson screen
A Stevenson screen or instrument shelter is a shelter or an enclosure used to protect  meteorological instruments against precipitation and direct heat radiation from outside sources, while still allowing air to circulate freely around them. It forms part of a standard weather station and holds instruments such as thermometers, hygrometers, and barometers.

Stevenson screens may also be known as a cotton region shelter, an instrument shelter, a thermometer shelter, a thermoscreen, or a thermometer screen. Its purpose is to provide a standardised environment in which to measure temperature, humidity, dewpoint, and atmospheric pressure. It is white in color to reflect direct solar radiation.

Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.
Scott Richmond
Scott Daniel Richmond (born August 30, 1979) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the EDA Rhinos / Fubon Guardians.

Canada national baseball team
The Canada national baseball team (French: Équipe du Canada de baseball masculin) represents Canada in international baseball. They are overseen by Baseball Canada, the governing body of baseball in Canada.

Canada was an inaugural member of the World Baseball Classic, making its debut in the first edition. They have yet to make it past the first round.

Team Canada will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Brandon, Lincolnshire
Brandon is a small village in South Kesteven, south Lincolnshire, England, part of the civil parish of Hough-on-the-Hill (where the population is listed).

The village is also part of the ecclesiastical parish of Hough on the Hill, part of the Loveden Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln. There is a chapel of ease dedicated to St John the Evangelist, linked to the main church at Hough.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
Patricia Hughes (radio presenter)
Patricia Rosemary Hughes (26 January 1923 – 8 February 2013)  was a British radio continuity announcer and news presenter, most associated with BBC Radio 3. Known for her "meticulous delivery" and, according to former Radio 3 controller Stephen Hearst, "Kensington voice" (which was not intended as a compliment), Hughes broadcast for the Corporation on several of its networks over the decades.

Continuity announcers in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, continuity announcers are people who are employed to introduce programmes on radio and television networks, to promote forthcoming programmes on the station, to cross-promote programmes on the broadcaster's other stations where applicable and, sometimes, to provide information relating to the programme that was being broadcast.

The six pre-digital terrestrial television channels in the UK (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4, S4C and Channel 5) make use of continuity announcers, and most of the time, continuity announcements are presented live. Continuity announcers can also be found on digital and satellite channels and are live at all times.
Surang
Surang (lit. 'Mine') is a 1953 film directed by V. Shantaram for his Rajkamal Kalamandir banner. The story and dialogue were by Vinod Kumar with music by Shivram Krishna and lyrics by Shewan Rizwi. The actor Chandrashekhar came into prominence with his role of a miner in the film. The rest of cast included Shashikala, Sheila Ramani, Vinod Kumar, Ulhas and Vikas.

The film was made at a time when Shantaram was producing his social films of "exceptional merit" such as Apna Desh (1949), Dahej, Parchhain (1952) and Teen Batti Char Raasta (1953). The film was about the plight of quarry workers, and the roles of Chandrashekhar as the quarry worker and Shashikala as the crazy but astute girl were commended.

Apna Desh (1949 film)
Apna Desh (Our Country) is a 1949 Hindi social drama film set against the backdrop of Partition and directed by V. Shantaram for his Rajkamal Kalamandir banner.

The story was written by Diwan Sharar and Keshavrao Date. Sharar also wrote the screenplay and dialogue along with acting in the film.
Music was by S. Purshottam and lyrics were by Diwan Sharar and Mirza Ghalib. The cast included Pushpa Hans, Umesh Sharma, Sudha Apte, Chandrashekhar, Manmohan Krishna, Keshavrao Date, Krishna Goel, Diwan Sharar, Parshuram and Satish Vyas.

The film was made a year after Shantaram made Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani (1946), which was not a success at the box office. Apna Desh is the story of revenge by an abducted woman after the rejection she faces when she meets her family. Using the Partition as background, the film's theme focussed on black-marketing.
Jilava massacre
The Jilava massacre took place during the night of November 26, 1940, at Jilava Prison, near Bucharest, Romania. Sixty-four political detainees were killed by the Iron Guard (Legion), with further high-profile assassinations in the immediate aftermath. It came about halfway through the fascist National Legionary State and led to the first open clash between the Guard and conducător Ion Antonescu, who ousted the Legion from power in January 1941.

Conducător
Conducător (Romanian: [kondukəˈtor], meaning 'Leader') was the title used officially by Romanian dictator Ion Antonescu during World War II, also occasionally used in official discourse to refer to Carol II and Nicolae Ceaușescu.
Chion-in
Chion-in (知恩院, Monastery of Gratitude) in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan is the headquarters of the Jōdo-shū (Pure Land Sect) founded by Hōnen (1133–1212), who proclaimed that sentient beings are reborn in Amida Buddha's Western Paradise (Pure Land) by reciting the nembutsu, Amida Buddha's name.

The vast compounds of Chion-in include the site where Hōnen settled to disseminate his teachings and the site where he died.

Benchō
Benchō (弁長; June 20, 1162 – March 16, 1238), was a Japanese Buddhist monk and religious leader who was one of the main disciples of the Pure Land founder Hōnen. Also known as Shōkō Shōnin (聖光上人) or Shōkōbō (聖光房), Benchō, is the second patriarch of the Chinzei branch of Jōdo-shū, one of the major schools of Japanese Buddhism. Benchō's missionary efforts in Kyushu, especially Chikushi, and his founding of Zendō-ji temple, led to the establishment of the Chinzei-ha (鎮西流) sect.
Sameer Iqbal Patel
Sameer Iqbal Patel, also referred to as Sammir I Patel and Sameer Patel, is a film director, producer, writer, actor and former model from India. Patel started his career as a model. He has appeared on TV shows and has written and directed a dozen commercial plays.

Patel's hit play, Hindi comedy Baat Baat Mein Bigdey Haalat featured Rakesh Bedi and Chetanya Adib. His directorial debut was for the 2017 film Hotel Beautifool, adapted from that play.

As an actor, he featured in national television shows including Ehsaas, Mr. Aur Mrs. Verma Ki Rasoi and the Noor Jehan television show. He is the writer of the television show Yeh Chanda Kanoon Hai, which airs on SAB TV. Sammir has written and developed many tv shows.

Rakesh Bedi
Rakesh Bedi (born 1 December 1954) is an Indian film, stage and television actor. He is known for his iconic comic roles in films such as Chashme Buddoor (1981) and Mera Damad (1985). In 2025, he was widely praised for his dramatic role in Dhurandhar. He has also appeared in television shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi (1984), Shrimaan Shrimati (1994–1997), Yes Boss (1999–2009), Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hain (2015–present), and Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (2020–present).
Electrician (theatre)
In theatre, an  electrician is a person who works with the various aspects of lighting. Some of the positions among electricians include the lighting supervisor, master electrician, deck electrician, light board operator, moving light programmer, followspot operator, as well as simply electricians. This group is generally known as the "Electrics" Department or LX Department.

These people are responsible for receiving the light plot from the lighting designer and translating the design as it is on paper to the lighting that is seen by the audience in the final production. In small theatres, many of these roles may be filled by a single person, while in a large production such as those on Broadway or a large tour, there may be several people filling some of the roles.

Stage lighting instrument
Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe)  are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages.

Many stagecraft terms vary between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, lighting fixtures are often called "instruments" or "units". In the UK, they are called "lanterns" or "luminaires". This article mainly uses terms common to the United States.
Const (computer programming)
In some programming languages, const is a type qualifier (a keyword applied to a data type) that indicates that the data is read-only. While this can be used to declare constants, const in the C family of languages differs from similar constructs in other languages in that it is part of the type, and thus has complicated behavior when combined with pointers, references, composite data types, and type-checking. In other languages, the data is not in a single memory location, but copied at compile time for each use. Languages which use it include C, C++, D, JavaScript, Julia, and Rust.

This (computer programming)
this, self, and Me are keywords used in some computer programming languages to refer to the object, class, or other entity which the currently running code is a part of.  The entity referred to thus depends on the execution context (such as which object has its method called).  Different programming languages use these keywords in slightly different ways.  In languages where a keyword like this is mandatory, the keyword is the only way to access data and methods stored in the current object.  Where optional, these keywords can disambiguate variables and functions with the same name.
Mary Elizabeth Sharpe
Mary Elizabeth Sharpe (née Evans; October 23, 1884 – April 4, 1985) was an American philanthropist, businesswoman, and self-taught landscape architect who is known for her work on Brown University's campus in Providence, Rhode Island. She became a prominent member of the Garden Club of America, created an annual tree fund, and worked on many landscaping projects.

India Point Park
India Point Park is a park in the Fox Point neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island at the confluence of the Seekonk River and Providence River.  The park takes its name from the maritime activity connecting Providence with the East and West Indies. The East Bay Bike Path begins at the eastern end of the park, and crosses over the Washington Bridge before heading to Watchemoket Square in East Providence and continuing on to the Bristol waterfront north of the Mount Hope Bridge. The park is also a part of the Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route.
Colombophis
Colombophis ("snake of Colombia" in Greek) is an extinct genus of snakes of the clade Alethinophidia, a group of "primitive" snakes. The genus was first recognized in the Villavieja Formation in the town of Los Mangos, part of the known fossil fauna of La Venta in the department of Huila (Colombia), in the middle Miocene. With the remains of a fossil snake was erected the species Colombophis portai in 1977, based on forty fragmentary vertebrae. These vertebrae are characterized by a low neural spine, and subdivided paradiapophysis and thin zygosphene. The vertebrae are medium to large, so the snake would measure about 1.77 metres (5 ft 10 in) long, similar in size to the current Boa constrictor.

Alethinophidia
Common names: advanced snakes.

The Alethinophidia are an infraorder of snakes that includes all snakes other than blind snakes and thread snakes. Snakes have long been grouped into families within Alethinophidia based on their morphology, especially that of their teeth. More modern phylogenetic hypotheses using genetic data support the recognition of 19 extant families (see below), although the taxonomy of alethinophidian snakes has long been debated, and ultimately the decision whether to assign a particular clade to a particular Linnaean rank (such as a superfamily, family, or subfamily) is arbitrary.
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate
Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate is a chemical compound used in Europe in aphicides and insecticides. As of 1998, the United States Environmental Protection Agency listed it as an unregistered pesticide in the United States. In China, it is used under the name isolan.

It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Yuet Wai Kan
Yuet Wai Kan FRS (Chinese: 簡悅威; Jyutping: Gaan2 Jyut6 Wai1; born June 11, 1936), is a Chinese-American geneticist and hematologist. He is the current Louis K. Diamond Chair in Hematology and a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco. He is a former president of the American Society of Hematology.

Hemoglobin subunit beta
Hemoglobin subunit beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin (HBA), makes up the most common form of haemoglobin in adult humans, hemoglobin A (HbA). It is 147 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 15,867 Da. Normal adult human HbA is a heterotetramer consisting of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

β-globin is encoded by the HBB gene on human chromosome 11. Mutations in the gene produce several variants of the proteins which are implicated with genetic disorders such as sickle-cell disease and beta thalassemia, as well as beneficial traits such as genetic resistance to malaria. At least 50 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.
Ralph Beauclerk
Raphael Charles Beauclerk, better known as Ralph Beauclerk, MBE (1917–2007), VI marqués de Valero de Urría, was an upper-class British Army officer and secret agent, decorated for his WWII service with the Special Operations Executive (SOE).

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Nemanja Maksimović
Nemanja Maksimović (Serbian Cyrillic: Немања Максимовић, pronounced [němaɲa maksǐːmoʋitɕ]; born 26 January 1995) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for UAE Pro League club Shabab Al Ahli and the Serbia national team.

2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the 12th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship, since its reclassification from an under-18 tournament in 2002, and the 62nd since the tournament was created in 1948. It was hosted in Lithuania from 20 July to 1 August 2013, in three cities. Only players born after 1 January 1994 were eligible to participate.

The qualification matches began in September 2012 and concluded in June 2013, with seven teams joining the Lithuanian hosts in the final tournament. Spain were the two-time defending champions, after defeating Greece in the final of the previous edition, but were eliminated by France in the semi-finals. In the final, France were beaten 1–0 by Serbia.
Belinda zoe
Belinda is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Lymantriinae. Its only species, Belinda zoe, is found in Indonesia. Both the genus and species were first described by Alexander Schintlmeister and Thomas J. Witt in 2014.

Lymantriinae
The Lymantriinae (formerly called the Lymantriidae) are a subfamily of moths of the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by George Hampson in 1893.

Many of its component species are referred to as "tussock moths" of one sort or another. The caterpillar, or larval, stage of these species often has a distinctive appearance of alternating bristles and haired projections. Many tussock moth caterpillars have urticating hairs (often hidden among longer, softer hairs), which can cause painful reactions if they come into contact with skin.

The subfamily Lymantriinae includes about 350 known genera and over 2,500 known species found in every continent except Antarctica. They are particularly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and South America. One estimate lists 258 species in Madagascar alone. Apart from oceanic islands, notable places that do not host lymantriines include the Antilles and New Caledonia.
Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian war
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Russo-Ukrainian war.

The war is an ongoing international conflict between Russia (alongside Russian-backed separatists) and Ukraine which began in February 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia annexed Ukrainian Crimea and supported pro-Russian separatists fighting the Ukrainian military in the Donbas war. The first eight years of conflict included naval incidents, cyberwarfare, and heightened political tensions. In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in a major escalation of the conflict.

Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) order of battle
This is the order of battle for the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present). It should not be considered complete, up-to-date, nor fully accurate, being based on open-source press reporting.

An updated order of battle estimate for 23 April 2023, by the Institute for the Study of War is accessible at:

Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, 23 April

Another ISW-relevant publication, published in October 2023:

Russian Regular Ground Forces Order of Battle: Russian Military 101
William Timperley (magistrate)
William Henry Timperley ISO (22 May 1833 - 11 August 1909) was an author, policeman and civil servant in Western Australia. He was the acting Commissioner of Western Australia Police briefly in 1871, Resident Magistrate of the Wellington Magisterial District from 1890 to 1905 and Resident Magistrate of the Blackwood and Sussex Magisterial Districts from 1903 to 1905.

Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury (/ˈbʌnbəɹɪ/ BUN-bə-REE; Noongar: Goomburrup) is a coastal city in the Australian state of Western Australia, approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It is the state's third most populous city after Perth and Mandurah, with a population of approximately 75,000.

Located at the south of the Leschenault Estuary, Bunbury was established in 1836 on the orders of Governor James Stirling, A port was constructed on the existing natural harbour soon after, and eventually became the main port for the wider South West region. Further economic growth was fuelled by completion of the South Western Railway in 1893, which linked Bunbury with Perth.

Greater Bunbury includes four local government areas (the City of Bunbury and the shires of Capel, Dardanup, and Harvey), and extends between Yarloop in the north, Boyanup to the south and Capel to the southwest.
Battles of Vicenza (1848)
In the first (20–21 May), second (23–24 May) and third (10–11 June) battles of Vicenza of 1848, the city, which had given its allegiance to the Republic of San Marco, was attacked and conquered by the Austrian Empire. This took place during the First Italian War of Independence amidst the revolutions of 1848. The city was defended by Giovanni Durando with volunteer troops and a contingent of the Swiss Guard from the Papal State. The attackers were under the personal command of Marshal Joseph Radetzky.

Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
Johann Josef Wenzel Anton Franz Karl, Graf Radetzky von Radetz (2 November 1766 – 5 January 1858) was a Czech nobleman and Austrian field marshal. He served as chief of the general staff in the Habsburg monarchy during the later period of the Napoleonic Wars and proved instrumental in the allied victory as one of the primary architects of the Trachenberg Plan and the Leipzig Campaign which led to the Battle of Leipzig. Afterwards, he embarked on military reforms of the Austrian army. His reputation was one of discipline and fairness; he was revered by his troops among whom he was known as Vater ('Father') Radetzky. He is best known for the victories at the Battles of Custoza (24–25 July 1848) and Novara (23 March 1849) during the First Italian War of Independence. Johann Strauss I's Radetzky March was commissioned to commemorate Radetzky's victory at the Battle of Custoza.