hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filling factories in the United Kingdom
A filling factory was a manufacturing plant that specialised in filling various munitions, such as bombs, shells, cartridges, pyrotechnics, and screening smokes. In the United Kingdom, during both world wars of the 20th century, the majority of the employees were women.

In World War I, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Munitions was known as a National Filling Factory.

In World War II, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Supply was known as a Royal Filling Factory (RFF), or a Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF). These were all part of the Royal Ordnance Factory organisation, owned by the MoS.

The filling of smoke screen canisters and other pyrotechnic devices was also carried out by fireworks manufacturers, particularly in World War II, but these are not specifically covered by this article.

Office of Public Sector Information
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the United Kingdom and is responsible for Crown copyright.

The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives.
1963 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1963 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1963 Big Ten Conference football season. The selectors for the 1963 season were the Associated Press (AP), based on a vote by media members, and the United Press International (UPI), based on a vote of the conference coaches.  Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UPI are designated in bold.

Michigan State halfback Sherman Lewis was the only player to be unanimously selected by all ten of the conference coaches as a first-team honoree.  Minnesota tackle Carl Eller and Illinois center Dick Butkus were selected as first-team players by nine of the ten conference coaches.

Carl Eller
Carl Lee Eller (born January 25, 1942) is an American former professional football player who played as a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 through 1979. He was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2004.
Dan Birmingham
Dan Birmingham is a boxing trainer based in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA, who is best known for his work with the former World light middleweight Champion Winky Wright. Birmingham trained Wright since he began his boxing career, and remained with him until his retirement.

Birmingham is the trainer of the 2000 Olympian and former IBF super middleweight Champion Jeff Lacy (a fellow St. Petersburg native) and the highly regarded former world champion Chad Dawson.
Birmingham is also the trainer of former world champion Keith Thurman and world title challenger Edner Cherry.

Jeff Lacy
Jeffrey Scott Lacy (born May 12, 1977) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2015. He held the IBF super middleweight title from 2004 to 2006, and the IBO super middleweight title from 2005 to 2006. Lacy rose to prominence in the early to mid-2000s as a feared puncher in the division, with his physique and knockout record making him one of boxing's top-rated prospects at the time.
Jabalpur–Indore Intercity Express
The 11701 / 11702 Jabalpur- Indore Intercity Express was a tri-weekly Express inter city train service which ran between Indore Junction railway station of Indore, the largest city and commercial hub of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, and Jabalpur, a major city in Madhya Pradesh, India.

Jabalpur Junction railway station
Jabalpur Junction railway station (Station Code: 
JBP), is an A1 category railway station of Jabalpur City in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur is the zonal and divisional headquarters of West Central Railway. It is located on the Mumbai-Prayagraj-Kolkata line. It has six main platforms. The railway station was ISO certified in April 2019. It is about 15 km from Dumna Airport and 3.7 km from Madan Mahal railway station.
Barium chloride
Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate BaCl2·2H2O, which are colourless crystals with a bitter salty taste. It has limited use in the laboratory and industry.

Hydrogen chloride
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.
Welsh Horse Yeomanry
The Welsh Horse Yeomanry was a yeomanry regiment of the British Army that served in the First World War.  The regiment was raised shortly after the outbreak of the war.  Initially it served in East Anglia on anti-invasion duties, before being dismounted in 1915 and sent to take part in the Gallipoli Campaign. After withdrawal to Egypt, it was amalgamated with the 1/1st Montgomeryshire Yeomanry as the 25th (Montgomery and Welsh Horse Yeomanry) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers and served as such throughout the rest of the war.  It took part in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in 1917 and 1918, before being transferred to the Western Front where it remained until the end of the war. The regiment formed 2nd and 3rd Lines in 1914, but these never left the United Kingdom before being disbanded in 1916 and early 1917, respectively.  The 1st Line was disbanded in 1919.

Battle of Épehy
The Battle of Épehy was fought during the First World War on 18 September 1918, involving the British Fourth Army under the command of General Henry Rawlinson against German outpost positions in front of the Hindenburg Line. The village of Épehy was captured on 18 September by the 12th (Eastern) Division.
Adrianus Tegularius
Adrianus Tegularius (1605–1654) was a theologian from the Northern Netherlands best known today for his portrait by Frans Hals.

He was the brother of Hermannus Tegularius, who became a Remonstrant minister in Delft. Both brothers were writers and ministers and spent their youth as minister in various North Holland communities. Adrianus was called to Grootebroek from Hem in 1633 and from there to Haarlem in 1641, where he stayed. Hermannus was minister in Hippolytushoef in 1626 and in De Rijp in 1629, before being called to Delft in 1638. Adrianus married and had at least two children. A daughter is recorded marrying Alberto van Berckhout 8 January 1642 in Purmerend, and his son Albertus became minister in Wieringen in 1677 and in Grootebroek in 1680.
During his time in Haarlem Tegularius took part in the North Holland Synod as representative from Haarlem. In 1644 the Synod was in Alkmaar and he was the scribe, and in 1653 in Hoorn he was the assistant to the praeses.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Associative memory (psychology)
In psychology, associative memory is defined as the ability to learn and remember the relationship between unrelated items. This would include, for example, remembering the name of someone or the aroma of a particular perfume. This type of memory deals specifically with the relationship between these different objects or concepts. A normal associative memory task involves testing participants on their recall of pairs of unrelated items, such as face-name pairs. Associative memory is a declarative memory structure and episodically based.

Recall (memory)
Recall in memory refers to the mental process of retrieving information from the past. Along with encoding and storage, it is one of the three core processes of memory. There are three main types of recall: free recall, cued recall and serial recall. Psychologists test these forms of recall as a way to study the memory processes of humans and animals.
Two main theories of the process of recall are the two-stage theory and the theory of encoding specificity.
Metropolitan Archbishop of Trichur
The Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur is the chief bishop and principal leader of the nearly half a million Syro Malabar Catholics now used to be the largest catholic diocese in India, when it included the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur, Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda, Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palghat and Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Ramanathapuram. He is also the Archbishop of Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur. The title is more powerful as he is the custodian of St. Thomas Church (Palayur), where Christianity came to Indian sub-continent, and have two saints, Maria Theresa Chiramel and Euphrasia Eluvathingal in the Archdiocese.

Eparchy of Irinjalakuda
The Eparchy of Irinjalakuda is a suffragan eparchy (Eastern Catholic diocese) in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur in Kerala state's Thrissur District, southern India.It is part of the Syro-Malabar Church.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Saint Thomas Cathedral, in Irinjalakuda city. Bishop Pauly Kannookkadan is the head of the diocese now
The former cathedral (of Arch diocese of Crangannore), now St. Mary’s Forane Church -Puthenchira, is also in this eparchy.
Martin Kochmann
Martin Kochman (October 30, 1912- September 8, 1943) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. He was an early member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization.

Kochman was executed by the Nazis on September 8, 1943, at Berlin-Plötzensee prison.

Plötzensee Prison
Plötzensee Prison (German: Justizvollzugsanstalt Plötzensee, JVA Plötzensee) is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin judicial administration. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.
Auchans Castle, Ayrshire
Auchans Castle, House, House of Auchans  or Old Auchans, is a mock military mansion, Category A listed, T-plan building of a late 16th-century date converted to the L-plan during the early-to-mid-17th century; its ruins stand about 1 km W of Dundonald, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Parish of Dundonald. It was held at various times by the Wallace, Cochrane and Montgomerie families.

Marriage stone
A marriage stone, nuptial stone or lintel stone is usually a stone, rarely wood, lintel carved with the initials, coat of arms, etc. of a newly married couple, usually displaying the date of the marriage. They were very popular until Victorian times, but fell out of general use in the 20th century. Many survive for aesthetic value, particularly where well carved or of historic value. Many are part of or in the grounds of a listed building or in conservation areas.
Abdul-Latif Ali al-Mayah
Abdul-Latif Ali al-Mayah (1949 or 1950 – January 19, 2004) was a humanities professor born in Basra, who became chairman of the Arab World Research and Studies Centre at Mustansiriya University and head of the Baghdad Centre for Human Rights. He was an outspoken critic of the  Iraq Interim Governing Council, which was the provisional government of Iraq from 2003 to 2004, established by the US-led multinational coalition occupying Iraq, following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. He was assassinated on January 19, 2004.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
8th Filmfare Awards Bangla
The 8th Filmfare Awards Bangla is an award ceremony, presented by The Times Group, which honoured the best Indian Bengali-language films of 2024.

Bohurupi, directed by the duo Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee, led the ceremony with a leading sixteen nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor (for Shiboprosad Mukherjee), Best Actress (for Koushani Mukherjee) and Best Supporting Actress (for Ritabhari Chakraborty), ultimately emerging as the most awarded film with seven wins. It was followed by Chaalchitro: The Frame Fatale and Padatik, with both receiving fourteen nominations each.

Subhashree Ganguly received her second Best Actress award for Babli, besides receiving two additional nominations for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Supporting Actress. The ceremony was aired on 30 March 2025 on Zee Bangla.

Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Supporting Actress
The Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Supporting Actress is presented annually at the Filmfare Awards Bangla to an actress based on a jury decision. It is given for Bengali films by Filmfare, a film magazine.
Franklin Edgerton
Franklin Edgerton (July 24, 1885 – December 7, 1963) was an American linguist and Indologist. He was Salisbury Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology at Yale University (1926) and visiting professor at Benares Hindu University (1953–4). Between 1913 and 1926, he was the Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Pennsylvania.

Edgerton is remembered for his notably literal translation of the Bhagavad Gita which was published as volume 38–39 of the Harvard Oriental Series in 1944. He also edited the parallel edition of four recensions of the Simhāsana Dvātrṃśika ("32 Tales of the Throne", also known as Vikrama Charita: "Adventures of Vikrama"), and a reconstruction of the (lost) original Sanskrit text of the Panchatantra.

Edgerton was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1920, the American Philosophical Society in 1935. He died in Laramie, Wyoming, on December 7, 1963, after sustaining injuries during a fall.

Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya (IAST: Vikramāditya) was a medieval king as mentioned in ancient Indian literature, featuring in traditional stories including those in Vetala Panchavimshati and Singhasan Battisi. Many describe him as ruler with his capital at Ujjain (Pataliputra or Pratishthana in a few stories). "Vikramaditya" was also a common title adopted by several monarchs in ancient and medieval India, and the Vikramaditya legends may be embellished accounts of different kings (particularly Chandragupta II). According to popular tradition, Vikramaditya began the Vikram Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas, and those who believe that he is based on a historical figure place him around the first century BCE. However, this era is identified as "Vikrama Samvat" after the ninth century CE. Nepal uses Bikram Sambat named after him, 57 years ahead of Gregorian calendar,  as state's official calendar and for legal matters.
Prunus × pugetensis
Prunus × pugetensis is a hybrid species of cherry discovered growing in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It has been given the nominal common name Puget Sound cherry. It is a cross of introduced sweet cherry, Prunus avium, and native Oregon cherry, Prunus emarginata. Individuals have been found growing in British Columbia, Washington state and Oregon, in the natural range of P. emarginata. It differs from P. avium in a number of features, including having narrower leaves and smaller flowers carried on a peduncle. Conversely, it has broader leaves and larger flowers than P. emarginata. The chief difference from its parents is that its flowers almost always abort, and it rarely bears any fruit.

Prunus avium
Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere. It is an ancestor of P. cerasus (sour cherry).

All parts of the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. The species is often cultivated as an ornamental tree.
N4 (TV channel)
N4 was an Icelandic media company and a television channel. With its headquarters located in Akureyri, it was the only Icelandic television channel located outside the capital region. It was founded in 2006 with the merger of Samver, Extra dagskráin, Smit auglýsingagerð and Traustmynd.

Samver had previously run the television station Aksjón. Aside from operating the TV station, N4 has a website, profiles on several social media outlets (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok), a podcast and a bi-weekly newspaper as well as offering help with publishing and creating production projects.

The company filed for bankruptcy in January 2023 and closed down on February 3 the same year. A post on the channel's website and social media accounts said that attempts at surviving were fruitless.

Akureyri
Akureyri (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrɪ], locally [ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ] ⓘ) is a town in northern Iceland, the country's fifth most populous municipality (under the official name of Akureyrarbær [-ˌeiːrarˌpaiːr̥], 'town of Akureyri') and the largest outside the Capital Region. The municipality includes the town's neighbourhood at the head of Eyjafjörður and two farther islands: Hrísey at the mouth of Eyjafjörður and Grímsey off the coast.

Nicknamed the "Capital of North Iceland", Akureyri is an important port and fishing centre. The area where Akureyri is located was settled in the 9th century, but did not receive a municipal charter until 1786. Allied units were based in the town during World War II. Further growth occurred after the war as the Icelandic population increasingly moved to urban areas.

The area has a relatively mild climate because of geographical factors, and the town's ice-free harbour has played a significant role in its history.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema (USA), lymphœdema (UK) also known as lymphatic edema (US)/œdema (UK), is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised.

Though incurable and progressive, a number of treatments may improve symptoms. This commonly includes compression therapy, good skin care, exercise, and manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), which together are known as combined decongestive therapy. Diuretics are not useful.

Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation.

They can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed into a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.
Allergy test
Allergy testing can help confirm or rule out allergies and consequently reduce adverse reactions and limit unnecessary avoidance and medications.

Correct allergy diagnosis, counseling and avoidance advice based on valid allergy test results is of utmost importance and can help reduce the incidence of symptoms, and the need for medications and improve quality of life. A healthcare provider can use the test results to identify the specific allergic triggers that may be contributing to the symptoms. Using this information, along with a physical examination and case history, the doctor can diagnose the cause of the symptoms and tailor treatments that will help the patient feel better. A negative result can help the doctor rule out allergies in order to consider other possibilities. Ruling out allergies is as important as confirming them to limit unnecessary avoidance, worry and negative social impact.

Radioallergosorbent test
A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is a blood test using radioimmunoassay test to detect specific IgE antibodies in order to determine the substances a subject is allergic to. This is different from a skin allergy test, which determines allergy by the reaction of a person's skin to different substances.
Daniel Tallon
Daniel Tallon (1836 – 13 July 1908) was an Irish politician and businessman. He was a member of Dublin Corporation, and served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1898 to 1900.

He was born in Rathdrum, County Wicklow in 1836. He was a wine and spirits merchant. For over twenty years he was either vice-chairman or chairman of the Licensed Grocers' and Vintners' Protection Association.

In 1890, in which year he was elected to Dublin Corporation for the Mansion House ward. He was High Sheriff of Dublin in 1895. He became Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1898, and was re-elected in 1899.

While lord mayor, he setup the Mansion House Committee's Relief Fund to alleviate poverty in rural Ireland. A road in Castletownbere is named after him.

In 1904 Tallon lost his corporation seat and left politics. He died on 13 July 1908 at his home in Rathmines. James Joyce mentions him in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake.

Lord Mayor of Dublin
The Lord Mayor of Dublin (Irish: Ardmhéara Bhaile Átha Cliath) is the honorary title of the chairperson (Irish: Cathaoirleach [ˈkahiːɾˠl̠ʲəx]) of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent, since June 2025, is Fine Gael councillor Ray McAdam. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the council.