hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S-Line Corridor
The S-Line is an under construction railway corridor in the U.S. states of North Carolina and Virginia. The line will be owned by the respective states' transport departments and served by Amtrak, and will provide a more direct service between Richmond and Raleigh when completed. The line is estimated to have served 25 million people by 2040. The track speed will be upgraded to 110 mph (178 km/h) from 79 mph (128 km/h).

Federal Railroad Administration
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is an agency in the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The agency was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966. The purpose of the FRA is to promulgate and enforce rail safety regulations, administer railroad assistance programs, conduct research and development in support of improved railroad safety and national rail transportation policy, provide for the rehabilitation of Northeast Corridor rail passenger service, and consolidate government support of rail transportation activities.

The FRA is one of ten agencies within DOT concerned with intermodal transportation. It operates through seven divisions under the offices of the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. These divisions are Financial Management and Administration, Chief Counsel, Civil Rights, Public Affairs, Public Engagement, Railroad Policy and Development, and Safety. It has a staff of about 850.
2013 McDonald's Burnie International
The 2013 McDonald's Burnie International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Burnie, Australia, on 28 January – 3 February 2013.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Komodo (chess)
Komodo and Dragon by Komodo Chess (also known as Dragon or Komodo Dragon) are UCI chess engines developed by Komodo Chess, which is a part of Chess.com. The engines were originally authored by Don Dailey and GM Larry Kaufman. Dragon is a commercial chess engine, but Komodo is free for non-commercial use. Dragon is consistently ranked near the top of most major chess engine rating lists, along with Stockfish and Leela Chess Zero.

Top Chess Engine Championship
Top Chess Engine Championship, formerly known as Thoresen Chess Engines Competition (TCEC or nTCEC), is a computer chess tournament that has been run since 2010. It was organized, directed, and hosted by Martin Thoresen until the end of Season 6; from Season 7 onward it has been organized by Chessdom. It is often regarded as the Unofficial World Computer Chess Championship because of its strong participant line-up and long time-control matches on high-end hardware, giving rise to very high-class chess. The tournament has attracted nearly all the top engines compared to the World Computer Chess Championship.

After a short break in 2012, TCEC was restarted in early 2013 (as nTCEC) and is currently active (renamed as TCEC in early 2014) with 24/7 live broadcasts of chess matches on its website.

Since season 5, TCEC has been sponsored by Chessdom Arena.
Wiangaree
Wiangaree is a town in northern New South Wales, Australia. The town is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north of Kyogle on the Summerland Way. Part of the Northern Rivers region, the town is on the Richmond River. It is administratively part of Kyogle Council.

At the 2006 census, Wiangaree had a population of 129.

John Gleeson (Australian Test Cricketer) was born in Wiangaree.

Kyogle
Kyogle (/kaɪoʊɡəl/) is a town in the Northern Rivers region of northern New South Wales, Australia. It falls within the local government area of Kyogle Council. At the 2021 census, Kyogle had a population of 2,804. Kyogle is known as a "gateway" to many national parks including Border Ranges National Park and Toonumbar National Park.
Blanche of Castile (1319–1375)
Blanche of Castile (Blanca; August 1319 – 1375) was by birth a member of the Castilian House of Burgundy. She was the only child of Infante Peter of Castile (son of King Sancho IV of Castile) and Infanta Maria of Aragon (daughter of King James II of Aragon).

Castilian House of Burgundy
The House of Burgundy, also known as the Castilian House of Ivrea, is a cadet branch of the House of Ivrea descended from Raymond of Burgundy. Raymond married Urraca, the eldest legitimate daughter of Alfonso VI of León and Castile of the House of Jiménez. Two years after Raymond's death, Urraca succeeded her father and became queen of Castile and León; Urraca's and Raymond's offspring in the legitimate line ruled the kingdom from 1126 until the death of Peter of Castile in 1369, while their descendants in an illegitimate line, the House of Trastámara, would rule Castile and Aragón into the 16th century.
Vilsund Bridge
Vilsund Bridge (Vilsundbroen) is a bascule arch bridge that crosses Vilsund between Mors and Thy in northwestern Jutland, Denmark. The bridge is 382 metres long, and the longest span is 30 metres.

Vilsund Bridge was designed by Anker Engelund. Construction started in 1937, and the bridge was opened on 16 July 1939.

Bascule bridge
A bascule bridge (also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge) is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. It may be single- or double-leafed.

The name comes from the French term for balance scale, which employs the same principle. Bascule bridges are the most common type of movable span because they open quickly and require relatively little energy to operate, while providing the possibility for unlimited vertical clearance for marine traffic.
Abeba Aregawi
Abeba Aregawi Gebretsadik (Amharic: አበባ አረጋዊ; born 5 July 1990) is an Ethiopian-born Swedish middle-distance runner who specialised in the 1,500 metres. She won the silver medal in the 1,500 m at the 2012 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the World Championships in 2013. She represented Ethiopia internationally until December 2012, and afterwards represented Sweden.

Indoor Flanders Meeting
The Indoor Flanders meeting was an annual indoor track and field meeting which took place at the Flanders Sports Arena in Ghent, Belgium. It was one of foremost meetings on the indoor European circuit and one of nine events which hold IAAF Indoor Permit Meeting status.

First held in 1990, the competition was originally held at the Flanders Expo arena and moved to the Flanders Sports Arena in 2000. Over its history the meeting has been sponsored by Energizer, KBC Bank, and Toyota (its current sponsor). The 23rd edition in 2012 was annulled because of loss sponsorship. After taking a year off, the Flanders Indoor Meeting returns in 2013 and 2014 but was cancelled from 2015 onwards.
Sueng
The sueng (Thai: ซึง, Burmese: ၄ကြိုးထပ်ပို (ဆီုင်), pronounced [sɯ̄ŋ], also spelled seung or süng) Lanna(ᨪᩧ᩠ᨦ)is a plucked fretted lute from the northern (Lanna) region of Thailand. The instrument is made from hardwood and its strings (numbering either four or six and arranged in courses of two) are most often made of steel wire. It has nine bamboo frets.

The sueng is part of a northern Thai traditional ensemble called the salo-so (saw)-sueng ensemble, along with the salo (3-string spike fiddle) and pi so (free reed pipe).

The sueng is similar to the grajabpi (กระจับปี่), an ancient Thai instrument that is used in the classical music of central Thailand.

Salo (instrument)
The salo, saw lo, or salaw (Thai: สะล้อ) is a Thai spike fiddle with three strings (strung on 2-pegs), native to the Lanna cultural region of northern Thailand.

Strung today with 3 wires for strings, but formerly had silk strings.
Sven Nys
Sven Nys (Dutch: [sfɛˈnɛis]; born 17 June 1976) is a Belgian former professional cyclist competing in cyclo-cross and mountain bike. With two world championships, seven world cups, and over 140 competitive victories, he is considered one of the best cyclo-cross racers of his generation, and remains a prominent figure in cyclo-cross. Apart from cyclo-cross, Nys is also fivefold national mountainbike champion, and has competed in that discipline in two Olympic games.

Cyclo-cross Trophy
The Cyclo-cross Trophy (Dutch: Trofee veldrijden), also known as X²O Badkamers Trophy (Dutch: X²O Badkamers Trofee),  is a Belgian cyclo-cross racing series currently sponsored by X²O Badkamers (X²O Bathrooms). It is one of the three major season-long competitions in Cyclo-cross, the other two being UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and Cyclo-cross Superprestige. Many races are held in the province of Antwerp with others being held across Belgium.
Mesić Monastery
The Mesić Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Месић, romanized: Manastir Mesić; Romanian: Manastirea Mesici) is a Serb Orthodox monastery situated in the Banat region, in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The monastery is situated near the village of Mesić, in the Vršac municipality. It was founded in the 15th century, although legend holds that it was built in 1225 by Arsenije Bogdanović of the Hilandar.

Mesić Monastery was declared Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990, and it is protected by Serbia.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Skylar Grey discography
The discography of Skylar Grey (formerly Holly Brook), an American singer-songwriter, consists of four studio albums, seven extended plays (EPs), 21 singles (including nine as a featured artist) and 14 music videos. Grey was signed to Machine Shop Recordings under the name Holly Brook. She released her debut album Like Blood Like Honey in 2006, but was released from her contract after it did not perform commercially. She began working under the name Skylar Grey in 2010, co-writing the three versions of "Love the Way You Lie" with Alex da Kid, who signed her to his Wonderland Music (now KidinaKorner) label. Grey later left KIDinaKORNER/Interscope records and is an independent artist.

Kidinakorner
Kidinakorner (stylized as KIDinaKORNER) is an American record company founded in 2011 by British music producer and songwriter Alexander "Alex da Kid" Grant. The company houses a record label, music publishing, commercial production and a marketing agency. The company is home to some prominent acts in the music industry, including Imagine Dragons and X Ambassadors.
Army & Navy sweets
Army & Navy sweets are a type of traditional boiled sweet, or hard candy, available in the United Kingdom. They are black in colour, lozenge-shaped and flavoured with liquorice and herbs. They are often eaten in winter as their slightly medicinal flavour is similar to that of Cough candy. Their name is likely derived from their popularity with service personnel during the First World War. Originally they are reported to have contained Opium.

Hard candy
A hard candy (American English), or boiled sweet (British English), is a sugar candy prepared from one or more sugar-based syrups that is heated to a temperature of 160 °C (320 °F) to make candy.  Among the many hard candy varieties are stick candy such as the candy cane, lollipops, rock, aniseed twists, and bêtises de Cambrai.

Most hard candy is nearly 100% sugar by weight, with a tiny amount of other ingredients for color or flavor, and negligible water content in the final product. Recipes for hard candy may use syrups of sucrose, glucose, fructose or other sugars.  Sugar-free versions have also been created.
Battle of Pleichfeld
Battle of Pleichfeld, in 1086, was the last major battle of the Saxon revolt of 1077–1088, a nobles' rebellion against the emperor Henry IV in the Holy Roman Empire. The battle was a victory for the rebel forces.

Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
The Saxon revolt was a civil war fought between 1077 and 1088, early in the history of the Holy Roman Empire. The revolt was led by a group of opportunistic German princes who elected as their figurehead the duke of Swabia, Rudolf of Rheinfeld, who became the anti-king. Rudolf was a two-way brother-in-law of the young King Henry IV of Germany, who had been crowned at the age of six and had taken the reins of power at age sixteen. The Great Revolt followed the Saxon Rebellion of 1073–75.
Los Angeles Police Department Memorial for Fallen Officers
The Los Angeles Police Department Memorial to Fallen Officers is a monument on an elevated plaza at the LAPD headquarters on 100 West 1st Street in downtown Los Angeles.  The memorial was funded by the Los Angeles Police Foundation, who raised the $750,000 through private donations. The original tribute to fallen officers that was located at the previous headquarters at Parker Center was destroyed in the process of transport when moved to make room for a new jail.

Parker Center
Parker Center, initially named the Police Administration Building or Police Facilities Building, was the former headquarters of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1955 until October 2009. It was located in Downtown Los Angeles at 150 North Los Angeles Street. Often nicknamed "The Glass House", the building was named for former LAPD chief William H. Parker in 1966.

The LAPD moved to a different headquarters building in 2009 after the Parker Center became outdated. After the building was shifted to mostly secondary use, and attempts to preserve the building failed, the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering recommended its demolition. Demolition and razing of the Parker Center was approved in 2017, and completed in 2019. Plans to replace the building with the Los Angeles Street Civic Building were scrapped in 2020 due to a lack of funds.
2011 South Bend mayoral election
The 2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011.

After serving for fourteen years, incumbent mayor Steve Luecke announced that he would not seek reelection. Luecke's decision not to run for reelection made the 2011 election the first open election for mayor of South Bend in 24 years.

The election was won by Pete Buttigieg, who, at 29 years of age, became the youngest mayor, at the time, of a United States city with a population greater than 100,000.

The election coincided with races for the Common Council and for South Bend City Clerk.

2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
The 2010 congressional elections in Indiana were held on November 2, 2010, to determine who would represent the state of Indiana in the United States House of Representatives. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 2011 until January 2013, except for the winner of the 3rd District's special election, who will serve the few remaining weeks of the 111th Congress.

Indiana has nine seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census.
Bosonization
In theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum field theory, bosonization is a mathematical procedure by which a system of interacting fermions in (1+1) dimensions can be transformed to a system of massless, non-interacting bosons. The method of bosonization was conceived independently by particle physicists Sidney Coleman and Stanley Mandelstam; and condensed matter physicists Daniel C. Mattis and Alan Luther in 1975.

In particle physics, however, the boson is interacting (cf. the Sine-Gordon model), and notably through topological interactions  (cf. the Wess–Zumino–Witten model).

The basic physical idea behind bosonization is that particle-hole excitations are bosonic in character. However, it was shown by Tomonaga in 1950 that this principle is only valid in one-dimensional systems. Bosonization is an effective field theory that focuses on low-energy excitations.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Goya Award for Best Editing
The Goya Award for Best Editing (Premio Goya al mejor montaje) is one of the Goya Awards, the principal national film award of Spain. It has been awarded since the first edition in 1986.

Film editors that have won multiple times are José Salcedo, Pablo González del Amo and Pablo Blanco Somoza, with three wins each.

1st Goya Awards
The 1st Goya Awards ceremony, presented the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain, took place at the Teatro Lope de Vega, Madrid on 17 March 1987. The gala was hosted by Fernando Rey.

Voyage to Nowhere won the award for Best Film.
Marne Medal
The Marne Medal (French - médaille de la Marne) was a French medal awarded to soldiers who had fought in the First Battle of the Marne, the Second Battle of the Marne or both engagements, particularly those who took part in fighting between 6 and 12 September 1914 on the Senlis front at Verdun.

It was inaugurated on 21 August 1937 by the Les Soldats de la Marne association, later succeeded by the Mondement 1914 association.

It was presented to Charles de Gaulle by the association's president, commander Paul Gauvin at Esternay, with the radio journalist Jean-Pierre Elkabbach also present.

Second Battle of the Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne (French: Seconde Bataille de la Marne; 15 – 18 July 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, led by French forces and supported by several hundreds of Renault FT tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. The German defeat marked the start of the relentless Allied advance which culminated in an armistice with Germany about 100 days later.
Fifteen-ball pool
Fifteen-ball pool, also known as sixty-one pool, is a pocket billiards game developed in America in the nineteenth century from pyramid pool.  Created by members of the Bassford's Billiard & Chess Rooms in Manhattan during the late 1830s or 1840s, it is the ancestor to many American pool games.: 97–98

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Enquête
Enquête (lit. "Inquest" or "Inquiry") is a Canadian French-language television newsmagazine series, which airs weekly on Ici Radio-Canada Télé and Ici RDI. The show is anchored by Marie-Maude Denis, and includes contributions from journalists Hélène Courchesne, Josée Dupuis, Sylvie Fournier, Guy Gendron, Normand Grondin, Solveig Miller, Madeleine Roy, Françoise Stanton, Pascale Turbide and Julie Vaillancourt.

Ici RDI
Ici RDI is a Canadian French-language specialty news channel owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada). The channel began broadcasting on January 1, 1995, as Réseau de l'information (French pronunciation: [ʁezo də lɛ̃fɔʁmasjɔ̃], Information Network). It is the French-language equivalent of CBC News Network.
2003 Torneo Godó
The 2003 Torneo Godówas a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 51st edition of the Torneo Godó, and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2003 ATP Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Spain, from 21 April until 27 April 2003.  Second-seeded Carlos Moyá won the singles title after a retirement by Marat Safin in the final.

This event also carried the joint denominations of the Campeonatos Internacionales de España or Spanish International Championships that was hosted at this venue and location, and was 36th edition to be held in Barcelona, and the Open Seat Godó' (sponsorship name) and is the 8th edition branded under that name.

2003 ATP Tour
The 2003 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2003 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Giovanni Lipparini
Giovanni Lipparini, Rosolino (died 1788) was an Italian sculptor, active in Bologna. He worked under the painter Ubaldo Gandolfi, but trained under the brothers Fillipo and Giacomo Antonio Scandellari. He completed a bust of the physicist-academic Laura Bassi for the University of Bologna, and a bas-relief for the arch of the church of the Madonna del Baraccano.

Pietro Scandellari
Pietro Scandellari (1711–1789) was an Italian painter and scenic designer.

He was born in Bologna, and trained under Francesco Galli Bibiena, mainly as a decorative painter for churches. His brothers Giuseppe and Giulio were also painters. The brothers Filippo (1717–1801) and Giacomo Antonio were sculptors. Filippo studied under his father, the sculptor Giacomo Scandellari, and later Angelo Pio. Filippo was named to the Clementine Academy.

He painted a Nativity at San Mattia in Bologna with Pietro Faccini and Niccola Bertuzzi.

At the Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi of Bologna, he painted ornament around a painting by Vittorio Bigari. One of his pupils was Giuseppe Jarmorini. He also painted in the church of San Procolo, Bologna.
Triplophysa grahami
Triplophysa grahami is a small species of stone loach from China. It is endemic to the Jinsha River basin in Yunnan, Southwest China. There is also a record from Lishe River, but this is believed to be a different species. It grows to 9.1 cm (3.6 in) standard length. It lives in the spaces between stones and floating grasses in slow streams.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.