hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Brunswick State Railway
The Duchy of Brunswick State Railway (Herzoglich Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn) was the first state railway in Germany. The first section of its Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line between Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel opened on 1 December 1838.

Helmstedt
Helmstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmˌʃtɛt] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Helmstidde) is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. The historic university and Hanseatic city conserves an important monumental heritage of Romanesque and Renaissance buildings, as well as numerous timber framed houses. During the German partition the nearby Bundesautobahn 2 was the site of the Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing, the most important on the former inner German border as starting point of the shortest land route between West Germany and West Berlin.
Cuthill–McKee algorithm
In numerical linear algebra, the Cuthill–McKee algorithm (CM), named after Elizabeth Cuthill and James McKee, is an algorithm to permute a sparse matrix that has a symmetric sparsity pattern into a   band matrix form with a small bandwidth. The reverse Cuthill–McKee algorithm  (RCM)  due to Alan George and Joseph Liu is the same algorithm but with the resulting index numbers reversed. In practice this generally results in less fill-in  than the CM ordering when Gaussian elimination is applied.

The Cuthill McKee algorithm is a variant of the standard breadth-first search
algorithm used in graph algorithms. It starts with a peripheral node and then
generates levels  for  until all nodes
are exhausted. The set  is created from set 
by listing all vertices adjacent to all nodes in . These 
nodes are ordered according to predecessors and degree.

Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.
Greg Flesch
Greg Flesch (born 1960) is an American guitarist and musician, best known for his work with the rock bands Daniel Amos and The Swirling Eddies (credited as Gene Pool).

Flesch joined D.A. in 1984, just in time for the Vox Humana tour.

Besides his work with D.A., Flesch was also heavily involved in the 1991 Various Artists album, At the Foot of the Cross Volume One, produced by Derri Daugherty and Steve Hindalong. Flesch also produced Terry Scott Taylor's second solo album, A Briefing for the Ascent.

When not making music, Flesch, who holds BS and MS degrees in Computer Science, is employed as a Senior Information Systems and Computer Science specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena.

Steve Hindalong
Steve Hindalong (born November 29, 1959) is an American drummer, percussionist, songwriter and producer best known for his work with the alternative rock band the Choir. Since 2006, he has also been an official member of the alternative country supergroup Lost Dogs.

After becoming a prolific producer in the late 1990s, Hindalong received several Dove awards (2001 and 2003, "Special Event Album of the Year") for his work on the City on a Hill project. He also co-wrote "God of Wonders" with Marc Byrd, which was used by NASA to wake up Discovery astronaut Michael Fossum.
Eaea
"Eaea" (IPA: [eːäeːä]) is a song by Spanish singer Blanca Paloma. The song was co-written by Blanca Paloma alongside José Pablo Polo and Álvaro Tato, with Polo serving as the song's solo producer. It was released on 20 December 2022 through Universal. The song represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023, where it finished in 17th at the final with 100 points.

"Eaea" is described as a new flamenco lullaby that serves as a tribute an ode to Blanca Paloma's grandmother, Carmen, and the culture of the Spanish region of Andalusia. The song drew largely positive reception from both Spanish and international critics for its flamenco elements, Blanca Paloma's vocal abilities, and its unique musical nature.

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Ai coração" performed by Mimicat. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2023 in order to select its entry for the contest. After two semi-finals and a final which took place in February–March 2023, "Ai coração" emerged as the winner after achieving the highest score following the combination of votes from seven regional juries and a public televote.

Portugal was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 2023. Performing during the show in position 5, "Ai coração" was announced as one of the top 10 entries and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 13 May.  In the final, Portugal performed in position 2 and placed 23rd out of the 26 countries with 59 points (43 from the jury vote and 16 from the public vote).
Sittas
Sittas (Greek: Σίττας; died 538) was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). During the Iberian War against the Sassanid Empire, Sittas was given command of forces in Armenia, similar to the status of Belisarius in Mesopotamia. He won a victory over the Sassanids at the battle of Satala.

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Biritiba-Mirim
Biritiba Mirim is a Brazilian municipality of the state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 32,936 (2020 est.) in an area of 317.41 km2 (122.55 sq mi). Its limits are Guararema in the north, Salesópolis in the east, Bertioga to the south and Mogi das Cruzes in the west and northwest.

Guararema
Guararema is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 30,136 (2020 est.) in an area of 270.82 km2.
The Florestan Fernandes School of the Landless Workers' Movement is located here.
European route E21
European route E21 is a series of roads in Europe, part of the United Nations International E-road network.

It runs between Metz, France and Geneva, Switzerland. It meets the European route E25, the E50 and the E411 at Metz, from where it departs. On its way to Geneva, it crosses the E23 at Nancy, and also passes through Dijon. It enters Switzerland soon after and links with the E25, the E62 and the E712 at Geneva, allowing further travel through Europe. It is 458 km (285 mi) long in total.

European route E411
European route E411 is a European route in Belgium and France connecting Brussels to Metz via Namur and Arlon. The E411 starts in the municipality of Auderghem alongside the Beaulieu metro station, crosses the municipality on a viaduct, then crosses the Brussels Ring and leaves Auderghem to enter Flanders in Overijse. When it leaves Overijse, the route enters Wallonia in Rixensart. It has an interchange with European route E42 near Namur and with European route E25 near Neufchâteau. At this point and up to Arlon, the two routes use the same road. In Arlon, route E411 continues to Aubange in Belgium, Longwy in France and on to Metz where it connects to the A31-E25 near Uckange.

In Belgium, the route E411 has the national designation A4 and name l'Autoroute des Ardennes and is roughly parallel to the N4 road.
Jason Donaghy
Jason Donaghy is a two-time Grammy nominated recording engineer, mixer, and producer, who has done work with artists including Band of Horses, Ryan Adams, and Josh Ritter, among others. Hailing from Dublin, he currently resides in Los Angeles, California, where he has garnered two Grammy nominations; for his work on Band of Horses' third record, Infinite Arms, and Sum 41's fifth record, Screaming Bloody Murder, respectively, while at Perfect Sound Studios.

Band of Horses
Band of Horses is an American rock band formed in 2004 in Seattle, Washington. Led by singer-songwriter Ben Bridwell, who has been the band's sole constant member throughout numerous line-up changes, the band's current line-up also includes longtime members Creighton Barrett (drums) and Ryan Monroe (keyboards, guitar, backing vocals), alongside Matt Gentling (bass, backing vocals) and Brett Nash (guitar, backing vocals).

For ten years, the band's most stable line-up featured guitarist Tyler Ramsey and bassist Bill Reynolds, who recorded and performed with the band between 2007 and 2017, before acrimoniously departing.

To date, the band has released six studio albums: Everything All the Time (2006), Cease to Begin (2007), Infinite Arms (2010), Mirage Rock (2012),  Why Are You OK (2016) and Things Are Great (2022), with Infinite Arms being nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.
Takht-e-Nasrati
Takht-e-Nasrati is a town of  Karak District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The town is the headquarters of Takht-e-Nasrati Tehsil - an administrative subdivision of the district, as well as a Union Council of the tehsil.

Karak District
Karak District (Pashto: کرک ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع کرکpronounceⓘ) is a district of Kohat Division in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It is situated to the south of Kohat District and on the north side of Bannu and Lakki Marwat districts on the main Indus Highway between Peshawar and Karachi – it is 131 km from the provincial capital Peshawar. It gained a district status in 1982, prior to which it was part of Kohat District.: 1

It is natively inhabited by the Khattak Pashtun tribe who make the majority of the population.
Bryodelphax meronensis
Bryodelphax meronensis is a species of tardigrade in the genus Bryodelphax which belongs to the family Echiniscidae. The species is endemic to Israel and is found in the area of Mount Meron. The species was first described by Giovanni Pilato, Oscar Lisi and Maria Grazia Binda in 2011. The specific name comes from the location where it was discovered.

Echiniscidae
The Echiniscidae are a family of tardigrades, a phylum of water-dwelling, eight-legged, segmented micro-animals. It is one of the four families in the order Echiniscoidea. The family was named by Gustav Thulin in 1928.
Goult
Goult (French pronunciation: [ɡult]; Occitan: Gòud) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 1,055. The village is perched on a hill with a solitary road to the peak. Near the end of the road is a 12th-century castle, the Château de Goult.

Cavaillon
Cavaillon (French pronunciation: [kavajɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Cavalhon) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is situated in the Durance Valley, at the foot of the Luberon mountains.
Retinite
Retinite is resin, particularly from beds of brown coal which are near amber in appearance, but contain little or no succinic acid. It may conveniently serve as a generic name, since no two independent occurrences prove to be alike, and the indefinite multiplication of names, no one of them properly specific, is not to be desired.

Retinite resins contain no succinic acid and oxygen from 6% to 15%.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
3-4-3-12 tiling
In geometry of the Euclidean plane, the 3-4-3-12 tiling is one of 20 2-uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons, containing regular triangles, squares, and dodecagons, arranged in two vertex configuration: 3.4.3.12 and 3.12.12.

The 3.12.12 vertex figure alone generates a truncated hexagonal tiling, while the 3.4.3.12 only exists in this 2-uniform tiling. There are 2 3-uniform tilings that contain both of these vertex figures among one more.

It has square symmetry, p4m, [4,4], (*442). It is also called a demiregular tiling by some authors.

Demiregular tiling
In geometry, the demiregular tilings are a set of Euclidean tessellations made from 2 or more regular polygon faces. Different authors have listed different sets of tilings. A more systematic approach looking at symmetry orbits are the 2-uniform tilings of which there are 20. Some of the demiregular ones are actually 3-uniform tilings.
Upper North Falls
Upper North Falls, is a waterfall located in the Silver Falls State Park at the east end of the city of Salem, in Marion County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area on the west foothills where Mount Hood National Forest meets with the Middle Santiam Wilderness. Several prominent waterfalls are located in the Park along Trail of Ten Falls: South Falls, Drake Falls, Lower North Falls, and Winter Falls—among others.

Lower North Falls
Lower North Falls, is a waterfall located in the Silver Falls State Park at the east end of the city of Salem, in Marion County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area on the west foothills where Mount Hood National Forest meets with the Middle Santiam Wilderness. Several prominent waterfalls are located in the Park along Trail of Ten Falls including South Falls, Drake Falls, Middle North Falls and Winter Falls.
2024 Bonn Open
The 2024 Bonn Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bonn, Germany between 5 and 11 August 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Hong Kong Film Awards
The Hong Kong Film Awards (HKFA; Chinese: 香港電影金像獎), founded in 1982, is an annual film awards ceremony in Hong Kong. The ceremonies typically take place in April, and have mostly been held at the Grand Theatre of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre since 1991. The awards recognise achievement in various aspects of filmmaking, such as directing, screenwriting, acting and cinematography. The awards are regarded as the Hong Kong equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The HKFA, incorporated into Hong Kong Film Awards Association Ltd. since December 1993, are currently managed by a board of directors, which consists of representatives from thirteen professional film bodies in Hong Kong. Voting on eligible films for the HKFA is conducted January through March every year and is open to all registered voters, which include local film workers as well as critics, and a selected group of adjudicators.

15th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 15th Hong Kong Awards ceremony, honored the best films of 1995 and took place on 28 April 1996 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by Sandra Ng, Dayo Wong and Veronica Yip, during the ceremony awards are presented in 15 categories.
RollerGames
RollerGames is an American television series that presented a theatrical version of the sport of roller derby, and featured a number of skaters who had been in the original Roller Games league (1961–1975), as well as younger participants. It was broadcast for one season (1989–1990).  The series came from the combination of Roller Games owner William Griffiths, Sr. and the television production team of David Sams and Michael Miller. Chet Forte served as the show's director for its entire run. Chuck Underwood served as play-by-play commentator while Sams provided the color commentary.  Former TV reporter Shelly Jamison was trackside reporter and Hot Seat host and conservative commentator Wally George hosted halftime segments known as RollerSports Central.

After a 30-year absence, Fox Sports 1 began to air the series again on August 1, 2020 to celebrate the series' 30th anniversary.

Hot Seat (talk show)
Hot Seat was a Saturday late night syndicated, politically oriented, though often satirical and comedic television talk-show that began in the early 1980s, hosted by conservative commentator Wally George.  It was shot in the studios of KDOC, a UHF television station licensed to (and, at the time, having their studios) in Anaheim, California. The first edition of the series aired on Saturday July 16, 1983.
Arjan van der Laan
Arjan van der Laan (born 10 November 1969) is a Dutch former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of the seventh-tier Tweede Klasse club RKSV Altior from Langeraar.

2000–01 KNVB Cup
The 2000-01 KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) was the 83rd edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 86 teams contested, beginning on 8 August 2000 and ending at the final on 24 May 2001.

Roda JC unsuccessfully defended its 2000 title in the Quarter-finals losing to PSV, 0–2. Twente successfully pursued its 2nd #Final KNVB Cup on 24 May 2001 in De Kuip, Rotterdam losing to PSV, 0–0 (penalty score, 3-4). 45,000 attended.

Twente contested the UEFA Cup.
Test Assessing Secondary Completion
The Test Assessing Secondary Completion, or TASC, was an alternative to a United States high school diploma, that was discontinued on December 31, 2021. It had been chosen by the states of New York and Indiana as a replacement for the GED exam, effective January 2, 2014.

The TASC was created by McGraw-Hill Education and administered by Data Recognition Corp. The test was composed of five subtests: Language Arts: Reading, Language Arts—Writing, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Science.

As of July 2016, the TASC was approved in 13 states in the US.

High school diploma
A high school diploma (sometimes referred to as a high school degree) is a diploma awarded upon graduation of high school. A high school diploma is awarded after completion of courses of studies lasting four years, from grade 9 to grade 12. It is the school leaving qualification in the United States and Canada.

The diploma is awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.
2007–08 Liga Alef
The 2007–08 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Umm al-Fahm (champions of the North Division) and Maccabi Ironi Bat Yam (champions of the South Division) winning the title and promotion to Liga Artzit.

At the bottom, the bottom two clubs in each division, Hapoel Ahva Haifa, Hapoel Makr (from North division), Maccabi Ironi Amishav Petah Tikva and Ironi Ofakim (from South division) were all automatically relegated to Liga Bet, whilst the two clubs which were ranked in 12th place in each division, Beitar Haifa and Hapoel Tzafririm Holon entered a promotion/relegation play-offs, and both relegated to Liga Bet after losing the play-offs.

2008–09 Liga Alef
The 2008–09 Liga Alef season was the last season of Liga Alef as the fourth tier of the Israeli football league system. Third tier, Liga Artzit, was scrapped, while the Premier League and Liga Leumit were expanded to 16 clubs each, making Liga Alef the third tier, as well as expanding the two regional divisions to 16 clubs.

The season saw Ahva Arraba (champions of the North Division) and Maccabi Be'er Sheva (champions of the South Division) winning the title and promotion to Liga Leumit.

At the bottom, the bottom clubs in each division, Maccabi Ironi Shlomi/Nahariya, Beitar Ihud Mashhad (from North division), Ironi Ramla and Hapoel Masos/Segev Shalom (from South division) were all automatically relegated to Liga Bet, whilst the two clubs which were ranked in 12th place in each division, Maccabi Kafr Qara and Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda entered a promotion/relegation play-offs, and both remained in Liga Alef after winning the play-offs.
King's Bounty: Legions
King's Bounty: Legions is a social, turn-based strategy video game developed jointly by Nival and KranX Productions. It is based on the strategy game King's Bounty: The Legend, which is itself based on concepts from the much older King's Bounty developed in 1990 by New World Computing. It is currently available to play on Facebook, iPad, Windows Phone as well Android devices.

King's Bounty: The Legend
King's Bounty: The Legend (Russian: King's Bounty: Легенда о рыцаре) is a tactical role-playing video game developed by Russian studio Katauri Interactive and published by 1C Company for Microsoft Windows in 2008 and Mac OS X in 2012. The game is based upon the King's Bounty property released by New World Computing in 1990, and blends elements of the original game with a modernized interface and gameplay elements. The game's story sees players taking on the role of a special treasure hunter for a king, who soon becomes embroiled on a quest to save their daughter and prevent their world from being destroyed.

Since its release, the game has received favourable reviews, and received a number of sequels using the same engine. These include King's Bounty: Armored Princess, King's Bounty: Crossworlds, King's Bounty: Warriors of the North, and King's Bounty: Dark Side. A sequel in a new engine, King's Bounty II, was released in August 2021.