hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azusa 13
Azusa 13 is a street gang based in Azusa in the eastern San Gabriel Valley area of Los Angeles. Started in the 1960s, it is now one of the most aggressive Sureño street gangs, currently claiming around 400 active members.

Azusa, California
Azusa (Tongva: Azuksa, meaning "skunk") is a city in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains and located 20 miles (32 km) east of downtown Los Angeles.

Its population was 50,000 in 2020, an increase from 46,361 at the 2010 census. Azusa is located along historic Route 66, which passes through the city on Foothill Boulevard and Alosta Avenue.

Azusa is bordered by the San Gabriel Mountains range to the north, Irwindale to the west, the unincorporated community of Vincent to the southwest, Glendora and the unincorporated community of Citrus to the east, and Covina to the south.
Naseeb Apna Apna (1970 film)
Naseeb Apna Apna is a 1970 Pakistani Urdu black-and-white film directed by Qamar Zaidi and produced by Waheed Murad. The cast included Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Zamurrud, Tamanna, Nirala and Saqi. The movie became a musical blockbuster and was one of the biggest hits of Shabnam's early career.

Mala Begum
Naseem Begum (Punjabi, Urdu: نسِیم نازلی; 9 November 1942 – 5 March 1990), known professionally as Mala (Urdu: مالا), was a Pakistani playback singer of Urdu and Punjabi films.

In the 1960s, Mala was one-half of the 'hit pair for singing duet film songs' with famous playback singer Ahmed Rushdi and they gave numerous hits to Pakistan film industry. She was also called  Princess Mala Begum as she provided the singing voice for actresses who portrayed roles of royal and upper-class families in films. She sang many popular film songs during a singing career spanning almost three decades in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
Thomas Davies (Australian politician)
Thomas Henry Davies DSO MC (30 October 1881 – 11 September 1942) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Beaconsfield. A decorated World War I veteran, he was first elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1929 as a Labor member for Bass at a by-election following Allan Guy's move to federal politics. He served as a minister from 1934 until his death in 1942 in George Town.

Davies' initial election to the House of Assembly in 1929 occurred under unusual circumstances. The relevant ballot papers for Bass from the 1928 state election had been destroyed in a flood, meaning the standard recount procedure for Guy's replacement (which should have elected Davies) could not be conducted. Instead, a by-election was mandated by Tasmanian electoral law. The Nationalist Party opted not to contest the by-election in the interests of fairness, allowing Davies to be declared elected unopposed.

Allan Guy
James Allan Guy, CBE (30 November 1890 – 16 December 1979) was an Australian politician who represented the Australian Labor Party in both the Tasmanian House of Assembly and the Federal House of Representatives, before leaving to represent the United Australia Party and then the Liberal Party of Australia in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. His father, James Guy, had also been a Senator.
Microsoft App-V
Microsoft Application Virtualization (also known as App-V; formerly Softricity SoftGrid) is an application virtualization and application streaming solution from Microsoft. It was originally developed by Softricity, a company based in Boston, Massachusetts, acquired by Microsoft on July 17, 2006. App-V represents Microsoft's entry to the application virtualization market, alongside their other virtualization technologies such as Hyper-V, Microsoft User Environment Virtualization (UE-V), Remote Desktop Services, and System Center Virtual Machine Manager.

Hyper-V
Hyper-V is a native hypervisor developed by Microsoft; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. It is included in Pro and Enterprise editions of Windows (since Windows 8) as an optional feature to be manually enabled. A server computer running Hyper-V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks.
Mágus saga jarls
Mágus saga jarls is a medieval Icelandic romance saga. It survives in two main medieval redactions, a shorter one from about 1300 and a longer one from about 1350, both taking their inspiration from The Four Sons of Aymon, a French chanson de geste. It is distinctive enough, however, to be reckoned among the romances composed in Iceland, rather than a translation.

The Four Sons of Aymon
The Four Sons of Aymon (French: [Les] Quatre fils Aymon, is a medieval tale centring around the four sons of Duke Aymon: the knight Renaud de Montauban, his brothers Guichard, Allard and Richardet, their magical horse Bayard, and their adventures and revolt against Emperor Charlemagne. It is sometimes also referred to as Renaud de Montauban, after its main character. The story became popular throughout Europe, and echoes of the story are still found today in certain folklore traditions.
Chandni Bhagwanani
Chandani Bhagwanani is an Indian television actress. She made her debut with Kohi Apna Sa and went on to replace Hansika Motwani in Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi. She is best known for her roles of Amita in Sony TV's serial Amita Ka Amit and Sanjana in Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi on Zee TV. She was seen in negative roles in Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop as Palak and Dr. Asha in Sanjivani. She also seen as portraying Pallavi in StarPlus's Imlie. In January 2024 Bhagwanani replaced Muskan Bamne as Pakhi Shah in StarPlus's Anupamaa and quit in October 2024 owing to a generation leap.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Prespa Agreement
The Prespa Agreement, also known as the Treaty of Prespa, the Prespes deal or the Prespa accord, is an agreement reached in 2018 between Greece and the then-Republic of Macedonia, under the auspices of the United Nations, resolving a long-standing naming dispute between the two countries. Apart from resolving the terminological differences, the agreement also covers areas of cooperation between the two countries in order to establish a strategic partnership.

Signed beside the shared Lake Prespa, from which it took its name, and ratified by the parliaments of both countries, the agreement went into force on 12 February 2019, when the two countries notified the UN of the deal's completion, following the ratification of the NATO accession protocol for North Macedonia on 8 February. It replaces the Interim Accord of 1995 and sees the Republic of Macedonia's constitutional name changed to the Republic of North Macedonia erga omnes.

Macedonians (Greeks)
Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes), also known as Greek Macedonians or Macedonian Greeks, are a regional and historical population group of ethnic Greeks, inhabiting or originating  from the Greek region of Macedonia, in Northern Greece. Most Macedonians live in or around the regional capital city of Thessaloniki and other cities and towns in Macedonia (Greece), while many have spread across Greece and in the diaspora.
Łążek, Łódź Voivodeship
Łążek [ˈwɔ̃ʐɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Nowa Brzeźnica, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Nowa Brzeźnica
Nowa Brzeźnica [ˈnɔva bʐɛʑˈnit͡sa] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Pajęczno and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a royal town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Trybuna
Trybuna (Polish pronunciation: [trɨˈbuna]) was a Polish left-wing newspaper, often seen as the outlet of the post-communist factions (Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland, Democratic Left Alliance).

Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland
Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SdRP) was a social-democratic political party in Poland created in 1990, shortly after the Revolutions of 1989. The party was the main party of the successor parties to the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).

Among the creators and leading figures of SdRP were the former Polish president Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former speaker of the Sejm Józef Oleksy and former Prime Minister Leszek Miller. The SdRP's name was a paraphrase of the late 19th century Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SdKPiL), a party which was the direct predecessor of the Communist Party of Poland.

On 15 April 1999, the SdRP was folded into the Democratic Left Alliance.
Social History (journal)
Social History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of social history published by Routledge. It was established in 1976. The editors-in-chief are Louise Jackson and Gordon Johnston (University of Edinburgh). Issues from 1976 until 2012 are available on JSTOR.

Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (later simply CSA) was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland, before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 2007.  CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles.  These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata (deep-indexing of tables and figures). The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology.
Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.
Rabia Balkhi
Rabia Balkhi (Arabic: رابعة بنت كعب, Persian: رابعه بلخی) also known as Rabia al-Quzdari (or Khuzdari), was a 10th-century writer who composed poetry in Persian and Arabic. She is the first known female poet to write in Persian.

A non-mystic poet, her imagery was later transformed into that of a mystic poet by authors such as Attar of Nishapur (died 1221) and Jami (died 1492). She became a semi-legendary figure, famous for her love story with the slave Bektash.

Her shrine is located in the mausoleum of the 15th-century Naqshbandi Sufi Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa (died 1460) in the city of Balkh, now present-day Afghanistan. She is celebrated in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran through various schools, hospitals, and roads being named after her.

Hamid Dabashi
Hamid Dabashi (Persian: حمید دباشی; born 1951) is an Iranian-American professor of Iranian studies and comparative literature at Columbia University in New York City.

He is the author of over twenty books. Among them are Theology of Discontent, several books on Iranian cinema, Staging a Revolution, the edited volume Dreams of a Nation: On Palestinian Cinema, and his one-volume analysis of Iranian history, Iran: A People Interrupted.
1984 San Luis Obispo mid-air collision
The 1984 San Luis Obispo mid-air collision was an accident involving a Beechcraft C-99 Commuter and a Rockwell Commander 112 near San Luis Obispo, California, United States on August 24, 1984. None of the combined 17 passengers and crew on either aircraft survived the accident.

Instrument flight rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan.
1997 Taça de Portugal final
The 1997 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1996–97 Taça de Portugal, the 57th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 10 June 1997 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides Benfica and Boavista. Boavista defeated Benfica 3–2 to claim the Taça de Portugal for a fifth time in their history.

In Portugal, the final was televised live on RTP. As a result of Boavista winning the Taça de Portugal, Os Axadrezados qualified for the 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira where they took on 1996–97 Primeira Divisão winners Porto.

1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 19th edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, the annual Portuguese football season-opening match contested by the winners of the previous season's top league and cup competitions (or cup runner-up in case the league- and cup-winning club is the same). The 1997 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was contested over two legs, and opposed Boavista and Porto of the Primeira Liga. Porto qualified for the SuperCup by winning the 1996–97 Primeira Divisão, whilst Boavista qualified for the Supertaça by winning the 1996–97 Taça de Portugal.

The first leg which took place at the Estádio do Bessa, saw Boavista defeat Porto 2–0. The second leg which took place at the Estádio das Antas, saw the Dragões defeat the Axadrezados 1–0, but the Axadrezados win a third Supertaça after 2–1 on aggregate over two legs.
SS D. G. Kerr (1916)
D. G. Kerr was a lake freighter, launched in 1916, for the Pittsburg Steamship Company.  Ownership was transferred to US Steel, in 1952.
She is considered to be a "600 footer", a vessel whose design was based on the J. Pierpont Morgan, built in 1903.

In 1921 the DG Kerr set a record, loading her entire capacity of 12,507 tons of ore, in just 16 and a half minutes.

She ran aground in 1970, and was permanently laid up in 1975.
She was lost, off the Azores, while under tow to a Spanish ship breaker's yard.

600-footers
The 600-footers were a class of lake freighters all built to the design of the J. Pierpont Morgan.
The J. Pierpont Morgan was launched in April, 1906, and was, at the time, the longest vessel on the Great Lakes.

Her sister ships were not all identical.  Minor modifications were made.  Mark L. Thompson, author of Queen of the Lakes, wrote that between 56 and 76 vessels were built to this design.

The 600-footers could use harbours that larger 730 feet (220 m) seawaymax vessels can't use.  Until 1961 no vessel longer than 600 feet was able to access Cleveland's harbour.

The vessels' draught was 19 feet (5.8 m).  Their beam was 58 feet (18 m).  They were powered by triple expansion steam engines, providing 1,800 shaft horsepower (1,300 kW), and could carry 11,000 tons of cargo.  They cost $440,000 to construct, in 1906 dollars.
Casing shoe
In oil drilling and borehole mining, a casing shoe or guide shoe is a bull-nose shaped device which is attached to the bottom of the casing string. A casing hanger, which allows the casing to be suspended from the wellhead, is attached to the top of the casing.

Borehole mining
Borehole Mining (BHM) is a remotely operated method of extraction (mining) of mineral resources through boreholes based on in-situ conversion of ores into a mobile form (slurry) using high-pressure water jetting (hydraulicking). This process is carried out from a land surface, open pit floor, underground mine or floating vessel through pre-drilled boreholes.
Tracy Northup
Tracy E. Northup (born 1978) is an American physicist who works at the Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria. Her research considers the development of optical cavities and trapped ions to better quantum mechanical interactions. She was awarded the 2016 Start-Preis of the Austrian Science Fund.

H. Jeff Kimble
Harry Jeffrey Kimble (April 23, 1949 – September 2, 2024) was an American physicist who was the William L. Valentine Professor and professor of physics at Caltech. His research was in quantum optics and is noted for groundbreaking experiments in physics including one of the first demonstrations of teleportation of a quantum state (first demonstration is disputed with Anton Zeilinger), quantum logic gate, and the development of the first single atom laser.  According to Elizabeth Rogan, OSA CEO,  "Jeff has led a revolution in modern physics through his pioneering research in the coherent control of the interactions of light and matter."  Kimble's main research focus was in quantum information science and the quantum dynamics of open systems.
Sho Sakurai
Sho Sakurai (櫻井 翔, Sakurai Shō) (born January 25, 1982) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, news anchor, host and former radio host, under agent contract with Starto Entertainment. He is a member of the boy band Arashi.

Sakurai began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1995 at the age of 13. About seven years after his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, he became a newscaster in 2006, appearing in the news program News Zero every Monday. In 2008, he was appointed the official newscaster for the news coverage of the Olympic Games in Beijing on NTV. For his work as an actor, singer and newscaster, Sakurai became one of the recipients of GQ Japan's Men of the Year award in 2009. His father is Shun Sakurai, former vice-minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

Morinaga & Company
Morinaga & Company, Ltd. (森永製菓株式会社, Morinaga Seika Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese confectionery company headquartered in Tokyo, and founded in 1899. Their products include candy, such as Hi-Chew, and other confectioneries.

Morinaga is loosely affiliated with Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., a public company in which Morinaga & Company holds 10.34% of the stock.
Manfredi II Chiaramonte
Manfredi II Chiaramonte (c. 1300–1353) was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and Count of Modica. The son of Giovanni I "the Elder" and Lucca Palizzi, he became one of the leading figures of the kingdom’s "Latin" faction in the baronial wars against the Catalan party of Blasco II Alagona.

Chiaramonte Gulfi
Chiaramonte Gulfi (Sicilian: Ciaramunti) is a town and comune in the province of Ragusa, Sicily, southern Italy.

The town is called the Balcony of Sicily for its panoramic position, with views over the valley of the Ippari and its towns (Comiso, Vittoria, Acate) all the way to the Mediterranean Sea to the south, as far as Mount Etna to the north, and the Erean Mountains with Caltagirone to the west.
Alludu Pattina Bharatam
Alludu Pattina Bharatam is a 1980 Telugu-language drama film directed by K. Viswanath and produced by D. V. S. Raju under D. V. S. Productions. The film stars Krishnam Raju, Jayasudha, Kavita and Nagabhushanam. The music was composed by Chakravarthy.
The dialogues were written by Jandhyala. The lyrics were written by C. Narayana Reddy and Veturi.

K. Chakravarthy
K. Chakravarthy (born Kommineni Appa Rao; 8 September 1936 – 3 February 2002) was an Indian music director and actor who primarily worked in Telugu cinema. He made his debut in 1971 with Mooga Prema and went on compose music for over 1000 films, predominantly in Telugu language (884 films), followed by Kannada (60 films). He won two Nandi Awards.
L-Photo-methionine
L-Photo-methionine is a photo-reactive amino acid derivative of L-methionine that was synthetically formed in 2005. Protein are long polymer chains of amino acids; which can range in various structures and sizes. Proteins can interact with each other (protein-protein interactions or PPI) and with these interactions, affects cellular interactions and pathways. Such interactions; in viral fusion and in growth-factor signaling looked promising for antiviral or anti-cancer drugs, so research must be done to understand the interactions. With that, research has begun to prove that proteins function in supramolecular complexes compared to isolated entities. So, scientists Monika Suchanek, Anna Radzikowski, and Christoph Thiele researched that the direct way to study these interactions in the natural environment better was to create a new way of photo-cross-linking proteins; which led to the synthesis of L-photo-methionine and in that same study, L-photo-leucine.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.