hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karjana railway station
Karjana railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman–Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bardhaman–Katwa Road at Karjana of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Bardhaman–Katwa line
The Bardhaman–Katwa line is a 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge branch line connecting Bardhaman and Katwa in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway. The line was a narrow gauge line, before its gauge conversion began on 2010. The gauge conversion was done in two phases along with electrification and the full broad gauge line was open to the public again on 12 January 2018.
John W. Meldrum
Judge John W. Meldrum (September 17, 1843 – February 27, 1936) was a carpenter, a Wyoming politician and the first U.S. Commissioner in Yellowstone National Park, a position he held for 41 years (1894–1935).

Frank Jay Haynes
Frank Jay Haynes (October 28, 1853 – March 10, 1921), known as F. Jay or "the Professor" to almost all who knew him, was a professional photographer, publisher, and entrepreneur from Minnesota who played a major role in documenting through photographs the settlement and early history of the Northwestern United States. He became both the official photographer of the Northern Pacific Railway and of Yellowstone National Park as well as operating early transportation concessions in the park. His photographs were widely published in articles, journals, and books, and turned into stereographs and postcards in the late 19th and early 20th century.
2024 VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2024 VTV Cup was the 18th edition of the VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup organized by the Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFV), and sponsored by Vietnam Television (VTV).

The tournament was held on Ninh Bình and played from 24 August to 31 August. This was also the second time this tournament applied the Video Challenge Eyes after 2023 edition.

Russia's Korabelka won the first title after defeating host Vietnam in the final. Korea Expressway Corporation Hi-Pass from South Korea defeated Kuanysh from Kazakhstan in the 3rd place match and took the bronze medal. Elizaveta Nesterova was named as the MVP of the tournament.

VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup
The VTV International Women's Volleyball Cup is an international volleyball tournament for women organised by the Volleyball Federation of Vietnam (VFV), and sponsored by Vietnam Television (VTV). The cup was established in 2004 and held every year. From 2020 to 2022, the tournament was cancelled due to worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and the reschedule of 2021 Southeast Asian Games.
Imagination Age
The Imagination Age is a theorized period following the Information Age where creativity and imagination become the primary engines of economic value (in contrast, the main activities of the Information Age were analysis and rational thought). It has been proposed that new technologies like virtual reality and user created content will change the way humans interact with each other and create economic and social structures.

The AI boom of the 2020s has increased the ubiquity of information. The relevant neologism is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, popularized in 2016 based on transformative developments shifting the nature of industrial capitalism.

One conception is that the rise of an immersive virtual reality (the metaverse or the cyberspace) will raise the value of "imagination work" done by designers, artists, et cetera, over rational thinking as a foundation of culture and economics.

Metaverse
A metaverse is a virtual world in which users interact while represented by avatars, typically in a 3D display, with the experience focused on social and economic connection.

The term metaverse originated in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of "meta" and "universe". In Snow Crash, the metaverse is envisioned as a version of the Internet that is a single, universal, and immersive virtual world, facilitated by the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets.

The term "metaverse" is often linked to virtual reality technology, and beginning in the early 2020s, with Web3. The term has been used as a buzzword by companies to exaggerate the development progress of various related technologies and projects for public relations purposes. Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are concerns within the metaverse, stemming from challenges facing the social media and video game industries as a whole.
Imperial coat of arms of the Central African Empire
The imperial coat of arms of the Central African Empire consists of a shield in the centre, with two flags on its edges, and with a sun rising over the shield, with an imperial eagle in the centre. With the imperial crown of Bokassa I above, below and above the shield are banners, and there is a medal located below the shield as well.

Central African Empire
The Central African Empire (French: Empire centrafricain) was established on 4 December 1976 when the then-President of the Central African Republic, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, declared himself Emperor of Central Africa. The empire would fall less than three years later when French and Central African forces overthrew Bokassa and re-established the Central African Republic on 21 September 1979.
Ivan Ivanov-Vano
Ivan Petrovich Ivanov-Vano (Russian: Иван Петрович Иванов-Вано; 8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1900 – 25 March 1987), born Ivanov, was a Soviet and Russian animation director, animator, screenwriter, educator, professor at Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). One of the pioneers of the Soviet animation school, he is sometimes called the "Patriarch of Soviet animation". He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1985.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Itchen Way
51°02′46″N 1°08′46″W﻿ / ﻿51.046°N 1.146°W﻿ / 51.046; -1.146

The Itchen Way is a 31.80-mile (51.18 km) long-distance footpath following the River Itchen in Hampshire, England, from its source near Hinton Ampner House to its mouth at Woolston. The walk finishes at Sholing railway station. The route has been promoted by the Eastleigh Group of the Ramblers with grant aid from Hampshire County Council and Eastleigh Borough Council. The route was altered and improved in 2008.

St Catherine's Hill, Hampshire
51°02′47″N 01°18′38″W﻿ / ﻿51.04639°N 1.31056°W﻿ / 51.04639; -1.31056

St. Catherine's Hill is a chalk downland hill and 43-hectare (110-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the outskirts of Winchester in Hampshire, England. It is owned by Winchester College but open to the public. It is managed by Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, and topped by an Iron Age hillfort, a scheduled monument. In the Black Death, plague pits were dug in the dry valley on the south side of the hill. In the Early modern period, a mizmaze was cut on the hilltop. Winchester College football used to be played on the hill; in an old custom, members of the college assemble on the hill every year, early in the morning.

Geologically, the hill is part of a local anticline in the chalk, which is of Turonian age in the Upper Cretaceous. The local ecology is dominated by the chalk, which results in a thin dark soil, a rendzina, which favours lime-loving plants from orchids to bellflowers.
Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC
The Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC (sold as the Alexander Dennis Enviro500) is a low-floor, three-axle double-decker bus produced by the British bus manufacturer Alexander Dennis since 2012, replacing the Alexander Dennis Enviro500. The Enviro500 MMC is available powered by either Euro 6 diesel or hybrid-electric powertrains.

Low-floor bus
A low-floor bus is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations.

Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by the difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor, a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height.  Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities, including those using wheelchairs and walkers. Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.
Pen Sovann
Pen Sovann (Khmer: ប៉ែន សុវណ្ណ; 15 April 1936 – 29 October 2016) was a Cambodian politician and revolutionary who served as the Prime Minister of the Hanoi-backed People's Republic of Cambodia from 27 June 1979 to 5 December 1981. He also served as General Secretary of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (CPRP) from 1979 to 1981. He was arrested and removed from office in December 1981 by the Vietnamese for irritating Lê Đức Thọ, the chief adviser to the PRK government. He was imprisoned in Vietnam until January 1992.

Sovann founded the Cambodian National Sustaining Party, which contested in the 1998 election but did not win a seat in parliament. He later joined the Human Rights Party founded in 2007 and served as its vice president. In 2012, he became a member of the newly founded Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) and stood as an MP candidate for Kampong Speu. He was elected and was sworn in on 5 August 2014, serving until his death in October 2016.

Prime Minister of Cambodia
The prime minister of Cambodia (Khmer: នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី, UNGEGN: Néayôk Rôdthâmôntrei, pronounced [niəjuək rɔəttʰamɔntrəj]; literally 'chief minister') is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Government of Cambodia. The prime minister is a member of parliament, and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years. Since 1945, 37 individuals have served as prime minister; 33 as official prime ministers, and 4 in acting capacities. The current prime minister since 2023 is Hun Manet.
Chersogenes klimeschi
Chersogenes klimeschi is a species of moth in the family Symmocidae. It is endemic to the Canary Islands and is known from Gran Canaria, La Gomera, El Hierro, and Tenerife.

The wingspan is 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in).

Symmocinae
The Symmocinae are a subfamily of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. These small moths are found mainly in the Palearctic and Africa.

In modern treatments, they are usually united with the concealer moth family Autostichidae.
1970 1000 km of Monza
The 1970 1000 km of Monza was an endurance race held at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Monza, Italy, on April 25, 1970. It was the fourth round of the 1970 International Championship for Makes. This was the first official 1000 km race at Monza that used only the road course; in 1956 and 1965-1969 the organizers utilized the combined road and banking courses; but the banking was abandoned because of safety issues; the 1969 1000 km race was the last race ever held on the concrete-surfaced banking. Mexican driver Pedro Rodríguez won this race in John Wyer's Gulf-sponsored Porsche 917K, he was able to hold off 3 hard-charging works Ferrari 512's after his co-driver Leo Kinnunen lost most of the lead Rodríguez had built up. Ex-Ferrari driver John Surtees returned to Ferrari after 4 years to drive a works 512.

1970 World Sportscar Championship
The 1970 World Sportscar Championship season was the 18th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1970 International Championship for Makes  and the 1970 International Cup for GT Cars, which were contested concurrently from 31 January to 11 October over a ten race series. The International Championship for Makes, which was open to Group 6 Sports-Prototypes, Group 5 Sports Cars and Group 4 Special GT Cars, was won by German manufacturer Porsche. The International Cup for GT Cars was also won by Porsche.
2013 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series
The 2013 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series season was the seventh season of the NASCAR Canadian Tire Series that took place in the summer of 2013. The season was composed of 12 races at 10 different venues. Seven of those events were contested on oval courses.

NASCAR Canada Series
The NASCAR Canada Series (NCS, French: Série NASCAR Canada) is a national NASCAR racing series in Canada, and is a continuation of the old CASCAR Super Series which was founded in 1981. It is the top NASCAR touring series in Canada.
Clock (cryptography)
In cryptography, the clock was a method devised by Polish mathematician-cryptologist Jerzy Różycki, at the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau, to facilitate decrypting German Enigma ciphers.

The method determined the rightmost rotor in the German Enigma by exploiting the different turnover positions. For the Poles, learning the rightmost rotor reduced the rotor-order search space by a factor of 3 (the number of rotors).

The British subsequently improved the method, allowing them to use their limited number of bombes more effectively (the British confronted 5 to 8 rotors).

Jerzy Różycki
Jerzy Witold Różycki (pronounced [ˈjɛʒɨ ruˈʒɨt͡ski] ⓘ; 24 July 1909 – 9 January 1942) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked at breaking German Enigma-machine ciphers before and during World War II.
Paddy FitzGerald
Patrick FitzGerald (born 1939) is an Irish former hurler and manager. At club level he played with Midleton and Imokilly and was also a member of the Cork senior hurling team. His son, Ger FitzGerald, also played with Midleton and Cork.

1962 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1962 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 53rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 28 January 1962. The championship ran from 22 April to 16 September 1962.

The final was played on 16 September 1962 at Riverstown Sportsfield, between Midleton and Cobh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Midleton won the match by 3–08 to 2–03 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 14 years.
Pro-Música Brasil
Pro-Música Brasil (PMB), previously Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (ABPD) (English: Brazilian Association of Record Producers), is an official representative body of the record labels in the Brazilian phonographic market.

Roberto Carlos (singer)
Roberto Carlos Braga (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁoˈbɛʁtu ˈkaʁlus]; born 19 April 1941) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, also known as "King of Brazilian Music" or simply "the King". Most of his songs were written in partnership with his friend Erasmo Carlos (no relation). With over 140 million albums sold worldwide, Roberto Carlos is the best-selling Latin American music artist in history. He is considered one of the most influential artists in Brazil, being cited as a source of inspiration by many artists and bands. His net worth is estimated at US$160 million.
Mindomo
Mindomo is a versatile freemium collaborative mind mapping, concept mapping and outlining tool developed by Expert Software Applications. It can be used to develop ideas and interactively brainstorm, with features including sharing, collaboration, task management, presentation and interactive web publication.

The online version of Mindomo is available through any browser. There are also offline desktop versions for Windows, Linux and Mac, and app versions for both Android and iOS. Registered users can create and collaborate in real-time on mind maps, while unregistered users can view the maps shared with them. The software also provides ways to create presentations and mind map assignments.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
Xining Subdistrict, Suining
Xining Subdistrict (Chinese: 西宁街道; pinyin: Xīníng Jiēdào)  is a subdistrict situated in Chuanshan District, Suining, Sichuan, China. As of 2020, it administers the following four residential neighborhoods and four villages:

Neighborhoods

Jingui Community (金桂社区)

Wenxingqiao Community (文星桥社区)

Qinggang Community (青岗社区)

Wuliya Community (五里垭社区)

Villages

Zhangshuyan Village (樟树堰村)

Lanjing Village (兰井村)

Fuguangmiao Village (福光庙村)

Xujiayan Village (徐家堰村)

Chuanshan, Suining
Chuanshan (Chinese: 船山; pinyin: Chuánshān) is a district of Suining, Sichuan Province, China. The district is the government seat of Suining city and also its main urban area. The population in 2012 was 700,000.

It was established in 2003 when the Shizhong District of Suining was split into Anju District and Chuanshan District.
2024 Fairfield Challenger
The 2024 Fairfield Pro Tennis Championship was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fairfield, California, United States between October 6 and October 13, 2024.

Fairfield Challenger
The Solano Challenger (previously Fairfield Pro Tennis Championship, Northbay Healthcare Men's Pro Championship) is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Fairfield, California, a suburb of San Francisco, since 2015.
Ordinance (Belgium)
In Belgium, an ordinance (Dutch: ordonnantie; French: ordonnance) is a form of legislation passed by the Brussels Parliament in exercise of its regional competences and by the United Assembly of the Common Community Commission. In principle, ordinances have the same legal force as laws and decrees, but the Federal Government has the authority to suspend ordinances if, in its view, it could jeopardise the role of Brussels as the capital of Belgium or the international role of Brussels, sometimes seen as the "capital of the European Union".

Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region (French: Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Dutch: Parlement van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest) is the governing body of the Brussels-Capital Region, one of the three federated regions of Belgium. It is also known as the Brussels Regional Parliament (French: Parlement régional bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Parlement), or simply the Brussels Parliament (French: Parlement bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Parlement).
Eucephalus (plant)
Eucephalus is a genus of North American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Eucephalus is a perennial up to 160 cm (64 inches) tall. It has numerous flower heads, some species with both ray disc florets but others with only disc florets. Disc florets are nearly always yellow in the genus, but ray florets can be white, pink, purple, or violet.

Species

Eucephalus breweri - California Nevada Oregon

Eucephalus elegans - Nevada Oregon Idaho Montana Wyoming Utah Colorado

Eucephalus engelmannii - California Nevada Utah Colorado Idaho Montana Washington British Columbia Alberta

Eucephalus glabratus  - California Oregon

Eucephalus glaucescens Washington

Eucephalus gormanii  - Oregon

Eucephalus ledophyllus - California Oregon Washington

Eucephalus paucicapitatus - Washington British Columbia Alberta

Eucephalus tomentellus - California Oregon

Eucephalus vialis - California Oregon

Eucephalus paucicapitatus
Eucephalus paucicapitatus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Olympic Mountain aster. It grows on rocky slopes and in subalpine meadows at high elevations in and near Olympic National Park in the US State of Washington, and on Vancouver Island in the Canadian Province of British Columbia.

Eucephalus paucicapitatus is a perennial herb up to 55 cm (22 inches) tall, with a woody caudex. One plant will usually produce 2-4 flower heads per stem. Each head has 7-21 white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow  disc florets. Flowers bloom July to August.
Output coupler
Active laser medium

Laser pumping energy

High reflector

Output coupler

Laser beam

In laser science, an  output coupler (OC) is the component of an optical resonator that allows the extraction of a portion of the light from the laser's intracavity beam. An output coupler most often consists of a partially reflective mirror, allowing a certain portion of the intracavity beam to transmit through. Other methods include the use of almost-totally reflective mirrors at each end of the cavity, emitting the beam either by focusing it into a small hole drilled in the center of one mirror, or by redirecting through the use of rotating mirrors, prisms, or other optical devices, causing the beam to bypass one of the end mirrors at a given time.

Laser science
Laser science or laser physics is a branch of optics that describes the theory and practice of lasers.

Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as nonlinear optics and quantum optics.
Vandijkophrynus
Vandijkophrynus, also known as Van Dijk's toads, are a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are native to Southern Africa (southern Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and Mozamibique). The name commemorates Eddie Van Dijk, a South African herpetologist.

Originally, all Vandijkophrynus species were included in the genus Bufo as the former "Bufo angusticeps" group.

Bufo
Bufo is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad (B. bufo). Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in Bufo are Anaxyrus (many North American species), Bufotes (European green toad and relatives), Duttaphrynus (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere),  Epidalea (natterjack toad) and Rhinella (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere).