hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zawiya skirmish
The Zawiya skirmish began on 11 June 2011, when the National Liberation Army launched an attack into the coastal city of Zawiya, Libya in an attempt to recapture it from army units and militiamen loyal to Muammar Gaddafi. The attack was quickly crushed by the numerically superior and better-equipped loyalist forces, who had taken the city earlier in the Libyan Civil War after defeating rebel forces in a major battle that lasted from February to March 2011.

Zawiya, Libya
Zawiya /zɑːˈwiːə/, officially Zawia (Arabic: الزاوية, transliteration: Az Zāwiyaẗ, Italian: Zauia or Zavia, variants: Arabic: الزاوية الغربية Az Zawiyah Al Gharbiyah, Ḩārat az Zāwiyah, Al Ḩārah, El-Hára and Haraf Az Zāwīyah), is a city in northwestern Libya, situated on the Libyan coastline of the Mediterranean Sea about 47 km (29 mi) west of Tripoli, in the historic region of Tripolitania. Zawiya is the capital of the Zawiya District.
2024 Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters
The 2024 Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 30 August to 7 September 2024 at Green Halls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was part of the 2024–25 snooker season. The tournament featured a total prize fund of £2,302,000, the second-highest after the World Championship. It is one of snooker's four major tournaments.

Judd Trump won the tournament, defeating Mark Williams 10‍–‍9 in the final. There were 91 century breaks made in the event, the highest being a 147 by Noppon Saengkham.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Adam Cockburn, Lord Ormiston
Adam Cockburn, Laird of Ormiston, Lord Ormiston (1656 – 16 April 1735), was a Scottish administrator, politician and judge. He served as Commissioner for Haddington Constabulary in the parliaments of 1681-2 and 1689, and in the conventions of 1678 and 1689. He was appointed Lord Justice Clerk on 28 November 1692.

Cockburn served as a member of the Privy Council, Treasurer Depute from 1699 until the accession of Anne, Lord Justice Clerk for a second term (1705–10), and a Lord of Session from 1705.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
1904 European Rowing Championships
The 1904 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held in Courbevoie, a suburb of Paris, on the Seine on a day in the middle of August. The competition was for men only and they competed in five boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2+, M4+, M8+). The 1904 Summer Olympics had been held in St. Louis, United States, just two weeks prior but no European rowers had attended (apart from auxiliary events that are not considered Olympic events).

Rowing at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics, five rowing events were contested. All competitions were held on Saturday, July 30.

It was the second appearance of the sport in Olympic competition. Coxless forms of the pairs and fours were introduced, replacing the coxed pairs and fours that had been used four years earlier. Sculling was expanded, with double sculls as well as singles.
22nd Canadian Parliament
The 22nd Canadian Parliament was in session from November 12, 1953, until April 12, 1957.  The membership was set by the 1953 federal election on August 10, 1953, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1957 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by George Drew, and then by William Earl Rowe, George Drew (again), William Earl Rowe, and John Diefenbaker consecutively.

The Speaker was Louis-René Beaudoin.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were five sessions of the 22nd Parliament.

George A. Drew
George Alexander Drew PC CC QC (May 7, 1894 – January 4, 1973) was a Canadian politician. He served as the 14th premier of Ontario from 1943 to 1948 and founded a Progressive Conservative dynasty that would last 42 years. He later served as leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Leader of the Official Opposition from 1948 to 1956.
British Hot Rod Association
The British Hot Rod Association (BHRA) was formed on September 1, 1960, by the amalgamation of a number of sprint racing clubs by Brian Coole, American Lee Siebenthaler and Vic Outen. It was established to unify the clubs, and organised drag races at disused airfields like Duxford Aerodrome and RAF Graveley Royal Air Force station and ran the first British drag racing meeting.

In 1967, it was wound up and members joined the British Drag Racing Association which then become the British Drag Racing & Hot Rod Association.

The name of the British Hot Rod Association was revived in 1994 as a hot rod and custom car club in the Medway and north-west Kent area.

British Drag Racing Association
The British Drag Racing Association (BDRA) was formed in June 1964 by Sydney Allard, a Ford motor dealer, hillclimbing, rally and circuit racing car driver. It later became the British Drag Racing Association & Hot Rod Association but reverted to BDRA in 1982.

It opened the first permanent drag racing strip in the UK at Santa Pod, near Bedford in 1966.
Harder Hotel
The Harder Hotel is a historic hotel building in Scribner, Nebraska. It was built in 1901 by Fritz Stabenow for Hans Harder, a German immigrant from Schleswig-Holstein who first worked as a stonemason in Chicago before moving to Nebraska. The building was designed in the Rundbogenstil style by architect Frederick A. Henninger. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 27, 1989.

Rundbogenstil
Rundbogenstil (round-arch style) is a 19th-century historic revival style of architecture popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora. It combines elements of Byzantine, Romanesque, and Renaissance architecture with particular stylistic motifs.  It forms a German branch of Romanesque Revival architecture sometimes used in other countries.
Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene (/ˌbjuːtəˈdaɪiːn/ ⓘ) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CH-CH=CH2. It is a colorless gas that is easily condensed to a liquid. It is important industrially as a precursor to synthetic rubber. The molecule can be viewed as the union of two vinyl groups. It is the simplest conjugated diene.

Butadiene undergoes chemical degradation in the atmosphere, but it can nevertheless be found in low levels in the air of urban and suburban areas due to emission by motor vehicles.

The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene, which is a cumulated diene with structure H2C=C=CH−CH3. This allene has no industrial significance.

Vinyl group
In organic chemistry, a vinyl group (abbr. Vi; IUPAC name: ethenyl group) is a functional group with the formula −CH=CH2.  It is the ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) molecule (H2C=CH2) with one fewer hydrogen atom.  The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH2 where R is any other group of atoms.

An industrially important example is vinyl chloride, precursor to PVC, a plastic commonly known as vinyl.

Vinyl is one of the alkenyl functional groups. On a carbon skeleton, sp2-hybridized carbons or positions are often called vinylic. Allyls, acrylates and styrenics contain vinyl groups. (A styrenic crosslinker with two vinyl groups is called divinyl benzene.)
Dane Rampe
Dane Rampe (/ˈræmpi/ RAM-pee; born 2 June 1990) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL). He  previously served as co-captain of the Swans from 2019 until the end of the 2023 season.

Bob Skilton Medal
The Bob Skilton Medal is an annual Australian rules football award presented to the player(s) adjudged the best and fairest at the Sydney Swans (formerly the South Melbourne Football Club) throughout the Victorian Football League/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL) season. It is named after Bob Skilton, who won the award a record nine times from 1958 to 1968. The voting system, as of the 2017 AFL season, involves five coaches giving an undetermined number of players up to ten votes each after every match. Players can receive a maximum of 50 votes for a game.
Fireplace mantel
A fireplace mantel or mantelpiece, also known as a chimneypiece, originated in medieval times as a hood that projected over a fire grate to catch the smoke. The term has evolved to include the decorative framework around the fireplace, and can include elaborate designs extending to the ceiling. Mantelpiece is now the general term for the jambs, mantel shelf, and external accessories of a fireplace. For many centuries, the chimneypiece was the most ornamental and most artistic feature of a room, but as fireplaces have become smaller, and modern methods of heating have been introduced, its artistic as well as its practical significance has lessened.

Where the fireplace continues up the wall with an elaborate construction, as in historic grand buildings, this is known as an overmantel.  Mirrors and paintings designed to be hung above a mantel shelf may be called "mantel mirror", "mantel painting" and so on.

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.
Sydney Downey
Sydney Downey was a British-Kenyan professional white hunter and safari pioneer.  Always known as Syd, he learned the trade of guiding safari hunts from an older generation of professional hunters, including his early mentor Philip Percival.  He   teamed up with Donald Ker to create Ker and Downey Safaris Ltd., a company that was at the forefront of the move away from hunting and towards photographic safaris.

Safari
A safari (/səˈfɑːri/; from Swahili  safari 'journey' originally from Arabic  safar 'to journey') is an overland journey to observe or hunt  wild animals, especially in East Africa. The so-called "Big Five" game animals of Africa – lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and Cape buffalo – particularly form an important part of the safari market, both for wildlife viewing and big-game hunting.
Job 18
Job 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of Bildad the Shuhite (one of Job's friends), which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.

Job 3
Job 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around the 6th century BCE. This chapter belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.
1996 Australian Labor Party leadership election
The Australian Labor Party held a leadership election on 19 March 1996, following the resignation of Paul Keating after the party's defeat at the 1996 federal election. Kim Beazley was elected unopposed as Keating's replacement, thus becoming Leader of the Opposition.

Division of Brand
The Division of Brand is an Australian electoral division in the southern outskirts of Perth, Western Australia. Brand was first created in 1984 and is named after Sir David Brand, Premier of Western Australia 1959-71. Brand governed Western Australia at a time when the state was developing its new mining and industrial base.

According to the 2006 census, Brand is the electorate with the lowest proportion (12.6%) of residents with a university qualification.

The current MP is Madeleine King, a member of the Australian Labor Party. She was first elected in 2016. Brand has remained a Labor stronghold since its inception, having never supported the Coalition.
1892 New Year Honours
The 1892 New Year Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.

They were announced in The Times on 1 January 1892, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1892.

The recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Ray E. Taylor House
The Ray E. Taylor House, also known as The Castle, is a historic house in Whitefish, Montana, U.S., overlooking the Whitefish River. It was built for Ray E. Taylor from 1929 to 1931. It was designed in the Tudor Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since August 10, 1990.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Flathead County, Montana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Flathead County, Montana.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 148 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Money of Kievan Rus'
The history of money in Kievan Rus' is divided into two main phases:

the period of use of foreign silver coins (from the 9th century to the beginning of the 12th century); and

the coinless period (from 12th century).

Dirham
The dirham, dirhem or drahm is a unit of currency and of mass. It is the name of the currencies of Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Armenia, and is the name of a currency subdivision in Jordan, Libya, Qatar and Tajikistan. It was historically a silver coin.
Arge scapularis
Arge scapularis or elm argid sawfly is a sawfly in the family Argidae. It is found across North America and commonly infests elm trees. The name "scapularis" refers to the insect's distinctive so-called "shoulder blades".

Early larvae on an American Elm leaf

Larvae

Adult female

Adult male

Argidae
Argidae, commonly known as the argid sawflies, is a large family of sawflies, containing some 800 species worldwide, primarily in tropical regions. The larvae are phytophagous, and commonly can be found feeding (and often pupating) in groups, though very few attain pest status.
German frigate Niedersachsen
Niedersachsen was a Bremen-class frigate of the German Navy.  She was the second ship of the class, and the second surface warship to serve with one of the navies of Germany to be named after the state of Lower Saxony, German: Niedersachsen. Her predecessor was the minelayer Niedersachsen of the Kriegsmarine. The frigate entered service with the Bundesmarine in 1982, serving for 32 years until being decommissioned in 2015.

Bremen-class frigate
The eight F122 Bremen-class frigates of the German Navy was a series of frigates commissioned between 1982 and 1990. The design was based on the proven and robust Dutch Kortenaer class but used a different propulsion system and hangar lay-out. The ships were built for anti-submarine warfare as a primary task although they were not fitted with towed array sonars. They were also equipped for anti-surface warfare, while having anti-aircraft warfare point defences. The Bremen class frigates replaced both the Zerstörer 1 class destroyers and the Köln class frigates.

This class of ship was one of the last to be constructed under post-war displacement limitations imposed by the WEU on West Germany.

All eight Bremen-class frigates were replaced by the F125-class frigate. Prior to that the Bremen class served as the backbone of the German Navy.
2018–19 Hampton Pirates basketball team
The 2018–19 Hampton Pirates men's basketball team represented Hampton University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Pirates, led by tenth-year head coach Edward Joyner, played their home games at the Hampton Convocation Center in Hampton, Virginia as first-year members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 18–17, 9–7 in Big South play to finish in a four-way tie for fifth place. They defeated Longwood in the first round of the Big South tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Campbell. They were invited to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated St. Francis Brooklyn in the first round to win the Coach John McLendon Classic, fellow Big South member Charleston Southern in the second round, and NJIT in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to Marshall.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Barbetta
Barbetta was an Italian restaurant that focused on Piedmontese cuisine located at 321 West 46th Street (between 8th Avenue and 9th Avenue) on the Theater District's Restaurant Row in New York City. Founded in 1906, Barbetta is one of the city's oldest family-owned Italian restaurants was and the oldest restaurant in the Theater District. It held many other firsts from its food innovations.

Barbetta was founded in 1906 by Sebastiano Maioglio and was owned by his daughter, Laura Maioglio, who took over in 1962. Laura Maioglio died on January 17, 2026 at age 93.

The restaurant closed for business on February 27, 2026.

Theater District, Manhattan
The Theater District, sometimes spelled Theatre District and officially zoned as the "Theater Subdistrict", is an area and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan where most Broadway theatres are located, in addition to other theaters, movie theaters, restaurants, hotels, and other places of entertainment. It is bounded by West 40th Street on the south, West 54th Street on the north, Sixth Avenue on the east and Eighth Avenue on the west, and includes Times Square. The Great White Way is the name given to the section of Broadway which runs through the Theater District.

It also contains recording studios, record label offices, theatrical agencies, television studios, restaurants, movie theaters, Duffy Square, Shubert Alley, the Brill Building, and Madame Tussauds New York.
Popgun (comics)
Popgun is a comics anthology series created by Mark Andrew Smith and Joe Keatinge. It was published by American company Image Comics in four volumes, between 2007 and 2010. The driving concept behind Popgun was a mixtape of graphic short stories that cross the borders of all genres. No theme was given to contributors and instead emphasis is placed on diversity of content and the mixing/track order of each volume.

Popgun featured many well-known creators as well as showcased brand-new talent who were not widely known at the time. Many creators debuting in Popgun have since made their mark on the comics industry. Popgun twice won the Harvey Award for best anthology, and won the Eisner Award for Best Anthology in 2010.

Comics anthology
A comics anthology collects works in the medium of comics, typically from multiple series, and compiles them into an anthology or magazine. The comics in these anthologies range from comic strips that are too short for standalone publication to comic book chapters that might later be compiled into collected comic book volumes (such as manga tankobon and comic albums).
Judicial districts of Russia
On 1 October 2019 five courts of appeal of general jurisdiction and nine courts of cassation of general jurisdiction were created in the Russian Federation, which are operating within the respective judicial district.

Courts of appeal of general jurisdiction are the courts of appeal for the 89 regional courts of Russia. Courts of cassation of general jurisdiction are the courts of cassation for the courts of general jurisdiction and justices of the peace operating in the respective district.

Magistrate (Russia)
In the judiciary of Russia an office of the magistrate or justice of the peace (мировой судья), is a judge that handles minor civil and criminal cases.  Magistrates handle criminal cases where imprisonment is for less than three years for cases such as slander, petty hooliganism, public drunkenness, serious traffic violations of a non-criminal nature, minor civil cases such as simple divorces, some property cases, disputes over land, some labor cases, as well as some federal administrative law cases.

In the Russian Empire the concept of magistrates' courts  (Russian: мировой суд) existed (there is none in modern Russia).