hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Colombo Golf Club
The Royal Colombo Golf Club is the oldest golf club in Sri Lanka. Established in 1879, it is located in the capital city of Colombo at The Ridgeway Links also known as the Anderson Golf Course. It is home to the Sri Lanka Golf Union, the governing body of Golf in Sri Lanka and maintains links with The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in Scotland.

The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world. It is a private members-only club based in St Andrews in Scotland. It was previously known colloquially as "The R&A", but in 2004, a new organisation known as The R&A was spun off, assuming the club's functions as one of the governing authorities of the game and organiser of tournaments such as The Open Championship. Despite this legal separation, one of the club's objectives remains to contribute, through its members, to the governance, championship organisation, and golf development roles now carried out by The R&A.

The club does not own any of the St Andrews Links courses, including the Old Course, which are golf courses owned by the local authority through the St Andrews Links Trust, and open to the general public.
Uesugi Norizane
Uesugi Norizane (上杉 憲実; 1410 – March 22, 1466) was a Japanese samurai of the Uesugi clan who held a number of high government posts during the Muromachi period.

Shugo (Constable) of Awa and Kōzuke Province, he was appointed Kantō kanrei (Shōgun's deputy in the Kantō region) in 1419, as an assistant to Kantō kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji. When Mochiuji rebelled against the shogunate, and attacked Norizane directly, Norizane complained to the shogunate, and fled to Kōzuke province. He returned to Kamakura in 1439, following Mochiuji's death. Norizane, as Kantō kanrei, now controlled the Kantō in the absence of a Kantō kubō; from then on, the kanrei would be the shōgun's direct deputy, the kubō serving only as an empty title.

Norizane left his post to his brother Uesugi Kiyotaka soon afterwards, and became a Buddhist monk. Over the course of his life, he was the patron of the Ashikaga Academy and helped to expand its library.

Kōzuke Province
Kōzuke Province (上野国, Kōzuke no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.(d)zɯ.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture. Kōzuke bordered Echigo, Shinano, Musashi and Shimotsuke Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Jōshū (上州, [dʑoꜜː.ɕɯː]). Under the Engishiki classification system, Kōzuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital, Kyoto.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Maebashi; however, its exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is located in what is now the city of Tomioka.
Anwar Soussa
Anwar Soussa is a Greek businessman and corporate executive who serves as the Regional Director for Francophone Africa at Airtel Africa. He previously served as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Safaricom Telecommunications Ethiopia, the Ethiopian subsidiary of the telecommunications and financial multinational Safaricom, based in Nairobi Kenya. Before that, from September 2017 until June 2021, he was the CEO of Vodacom Congo DRC SA, based in Kinshasa and chairman of Vodacash.

Airtel Africa
Airtel Africa plc is a British company that provides telecommunications and mobile money services in 14 countries in Africa, primarily in East, Central and West Africa. Airtel Africa is majority owned by the Indian telecommunications company Bharti Airtel. Airtel Africa offers mobile voice and data services as well as mobile money services both nationally and internationally. Airtel Nigeria is the most profitable unit of Airtel Africa, due to its cheap data plans in Nigeria. As of March 2019, Airtel had over 99 million subscribers in the continent. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center
32°46′28″N 96°48′05″W﻿ / ﻿32.7745799°N 96.801484°W﻿ / 32.7745799; -96.801484

The Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center (KBHCCD; formerly the Dallas Convention Center) is a convention center in the Convention Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas.

The "Dallas Memorial Auditorium" was a standalone multipurpose arena, designed by George Dahl in 1957. Dahl was responsible for the renowned Art Deco buildings at the Dallas Fair Park, as well as many other Texas landmarks. The Convention Center additions were designed by Larry Oltmanns, who was a Design Partner with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill at the time.

On February 9, 2022, the Dallas City Council voted to take steps toward demolishing the convention center and replacing it with a new one.

Fair Park
Fair Park is a recreational and educational complex in Dallas, Texas, United States, located immediately east of downtown. The 277-acre (112 ha) area is registered as a Dallas Landmark and National Historic Landmark; many of the buildings were constructed for the Texas Centennial Exposition in 1936.

Fair Park has been designated a Great Place in America by the American Planning Association.
Killingworth Village
Killingworth Village is a small village in the borough of North Tyneside in the United Kingdom. It lies between Forest Hall to the south and the modern Killingworth, which derives its name from the village, to the north. The West Lane runs through the village from Forest Hall and on to Backworth. For local government, it is located within Killingworth ward.

Forest Hall
Forest Hall is a village in the borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. It is 4 miles from Newcastle upon Tyne. It borders Killingworth to the north, Holystone to the east and Benton to the south. The village was named after the Forest Hall, which incorporated a medieval tower. Woodside Court was built on the site of the Hall, which was demolished in 1962.
Scholae
Scholae (Greek: Σχολαί) is a Latin word, literally meaning "schools" (from the singular schola, school or group) that was used in the Late Roman Empire to signify a unit of Imperial Guards. The unit survived in the Byzantine Empire until the 12th century. Michel Rouche succinctly traced the word's development, especially in the West: "The term schola, which once referred to the imperial guard, came to be applied in turn to a train of warrior-servants who waited on the king, to the group of clergymen who waited on the bishop, to the monks of a monastery, and ultimately to a choral society; it did not mean 'school' before the ninth century."

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.
Beecher family
Originating in New England the Beecher family in the 19th century was a political family notable for involvement in religion, civil rights, and social reform. Notable members of the family include clergy (Presbyterians and Congregationalists), educators, authors and artists. Many of the family were Yale-educated and advocated for abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights. Some of the family provided material or ideological support to the Union in the American Civil War. The family is of English descent.

Locations named after persons of this family include: Beecher, Illinois, named after Henry Ward Beecher and Beecher Island, named after Lt. Fredrick H. Beecher.

Lyman Beecher
Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was an American Presbyterian minister and abolitionist. He fathered 13 children, over half of whom became writers or ministers, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher, and Thomas K. Beecher.

According to his son Henry, Beecher was "largely engaged during his life-time in controversy". However, "he was also the most respected religious voice of his era. ...[H]e seemed also to embody all of the nation's moral ideals, in representing the established clergy, who looked to him for leadership.": 94
Mount Cornwell (Canada)
Mount Cornwell is located on the Continental Divide on the boundary between British Columbia and Alberta along the spine of the Front Ranges of  the Canadian Rockies. The mountain was named in 1918 after "boy hero" John Cornwell, a sixteen-year-old crewman aboard HMS Chester, which was severely damaged in the Battle of Jutland. Cornwell was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery during the battle. Mount Chester was also named after his ship.

Mount Chester
Mount Chester is a mountain located in the Smith-Dorrien Creek Valley of Kananaskis in the Canadian Rockies. The mountain was named in 1917 after HMS Chester, which was severely damaged in the Battle of Jutland.

Chester Lake is located in a small valley just northwest of the base of the mountain.
Kruiningergors
Kruiningergors is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Voorne aan Zee, and lies about 9 km west of Maassluis.

The statistical area "Kruiningergors", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 160.

Maassluis
Maassluis (Dutch pronunciation: [maˑˈslʌy̆s] ⓘ) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 33,567 in 2021 and covered 10.12 km2 (3.91 sq mi) of which 1.64 km2 (0.63 sq mi) was water.

It received town rights in 1811.
Indragiri River
The Indragiri River is a river in Sumatra, in the Indonesian province of Riau, about 800 km northwest of the capital Jakarta. Formed by the union of the Ombilin River and the Sinamar River, the Indragiri empties into the Strait of Malacca. The middle part that flows in the Kuantan Singingi and Indragiri Hulu is called Batang Kuantan (Kuantan River).

Kuantan Singingi Regency
Kuantan Singingi ([k(u)ˈwan̪t̪an siˈŋiŋi]), sometimes abbreviated as Kuansing ([k(u)ˈwansɪŋ]), is an inland regency (kabupaten) of Riau Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra. The regency was created on 4 October 1999 from what had been the western half of Indragiri Hulu Regency. It has an area of 7,656.03 km2 and had a population of 292,116 at the 2010 Census and 334,943 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 365,989 (comprising 186,061 males and 179,928 females). The seat of the regency is the town of Teluk Kuantan.
Megarectum
Megarectum is a large rectum as a result of underlying nerve supply abnormalities or muscle dysfunction, which remains after disimpaction of the rectum .

The Principles of Surgery textbook describes any rectum that can hold more than 1500cc of fluid as a megarectum. The term megarectum is also used for a large rectal mass on rectal examination, a wide rectum on an abdominal x-ray, the presence of impaired rectal sensation or the finding of large maximal rectal volumes on anorectal manometry. In addition, can be the bloating of the colon due to infection, also called megacolon.

On defecography, megarectum is suggested by a rectal width of >9 cm at the level of the distal sacrum.

Megacolon
Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine). This leads to hypertrophy of the colon. The dilation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel. In more extreme cases, the feces consolidate into hard masses inside the colon, called fecalomas (literally, fecal tumor), which can require surgery to be removed.

A human colon is considered abnormally enlarged if it has a diameter greater than 12 cm (4.7 in) in the cecum (it is usually less than 9 cm [3.5 in]), greater than 6.5 cm (2.6 in) in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm (3.1 in) for the ascending colon. The transverse colon is usually less than 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter.

A megacolon can be either acute or chronic. It can also be classified according to cause.
Opole cuisine
Opole cuisine is an umbrella term for all dishes with a specific regional identity belonging to the region of Opole. It is a subtype of Polish and German cuisine with many similarities to and signs of the influence of neighbouring cuisines.

Pampuchy
Pampuchy ([pampuxɨ] ⓘ; see alternative names) are a type of steamed yeast dumpling (kluski) or doughnut (pączek) in Polish cuisine. A cooked pampuch (sing.) has an oval, flat on the bottom shape, with a bouncy, mushy and soft consistency. Pampuchy or bułki na parze are served hot: either sweet (e.g. with jam or fruit) or savoury (e.g. with sauce or with the addition of meat).

Prepared, uncooked pampuchy can be generally bought in most grocery shops in Poland.
Minkowski distance
The Minkowski distance or Minkowski metric is a metric in a normed vector space which can be considered as a generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. It is named after the mathematician Hermann Minkowski.

Hermann Minkowski
Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, ETH Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, or Russian. He created and developed the geometry of numbers and elements of convex geometry, and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.

Minkowski is perhaps best known for his foundational work describing space and time as a four-dimensional space, now known as "Minkowski spacetime", which facilitated geometric interpretations of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905).
Montana (Mesoamerican site)
Montana is a Mesoamerican archaeological site on the Pacific coastal plain of southern Guatemala. It is located in the department of Escuintla, near Balberta, and is one of the largest Mesoamerican archaeological sites on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala.

Escuintla Department
Escuintla (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈkwintla]) is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. The capital of the department is the city of Escuintla. Escuintla covers an area of 4,384 km2 and is situated in the coastal lowland region, directly south of Guatemala City, and bordered by the Pacific Ocean. Escuintla produces about 43 percent of gross domestic product of Guatemala.
Okmulgee, Oklahoma
Okmulgee is a city in the Tulsa metropolitan area and the county seat of Okmulgee County in Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Okmulgee had a population of 11,322. The name is from the Muskogee word okimulgi, which means "boiling waters". The site was chosen because of the nearby rivers and springs. Okmulgee is 38 miles south of Tulsa and 13 miles north of Henryetta via US-75.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 23 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 16, 2026.
Cyperus kipasensis
Cyperus kipasensis is a species of sedge that is native to Africa, having been found growing in Angola, Chad, Zambia, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Henri Chermezon in 1934.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Yakuza Apocalypse
Yakuza Apocalypse (極道大戦争, Gokudō Daisensō) is a 2015 Japanese action fantasy–yakuza vampire film directed by Takashi Miike and starring Hayato Ichihara, Yayan Ruhian, and Riko Narumi. It was written by Yoshitaka Yamaguchi. It premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 21, 2015, before being released theatrically on June 20 throughout Japan.

Yakuza film
Yakuza film (Japanese: ヤクザ映画, Hepburn: Yakuza eiga) is a popular film genre in Japanese cinema which focuses on the lives and dealings of yakuza, Japanese organized crime syndicates. In the silent film era, depictions of bakuto (precursors to modern yakuza) as sympathetic Robin Hood-like characters were common.

Two types of yakuza films emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The Nikkatsu studio was known for modern yakuza films inspired by Hollywood gangster films, while Toei was the main producer of what is known as ninkyo eiga (仁侠映画; "chivalry films"). Set in the Meiji and Taishō eras, ninkyo eiga depict honorable outlaws torn between giri (duty) and ninjo (personal feelings).

In contrast to ninkyo eiga, jitsuroku eiga (実録映画; "actual record films") based on real crime stories became popular in the 1970s. These portrayed modern yakuza not as honorable heirs to the samurai code, but as ruthless street thugs living for their own desires.
Edward Young (bishop)
Edward Young was an English Anglican priest in the eighteenth century: his senior posts were in Ireland.

Young was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Chaplain to George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland who appointed him to the Deanery of Clogher in 1761. In 1763 he became Bishop of Dromore. in 1765 he was translated to Ferns.

He died in post at Ferns on 24 August 1772.

Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin
The Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was the Ordinary of  Church of Ireland diocese of Ferns and Leighlin in the Province of Dublin. The diocese comprised all of counties Wexford and Carlow and part of counties Wicklow and Laois in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin which were united in 1597. Over two hundred and thirty-eight years, there were twenty-nine bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Ferns and Leighlin were combined with Ossory to form the united bishopric of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 12 July 1835.
Juliet Escoria
Juliet Escoria is an American writer. She was born in Australia, raised in San Diego, and lives in West Virginia with her husband, the writer and martial artist Scott McClanahan.

She published a collection of stories with accompanying videos titled Black Cloud (2014). Black Cloud received positive reviews at Flavorwire, Bullet Magazine and Volume 1 Brooklyn It was mentioned in the lists of best books of 2014 at The Fader, Salon, and Flavorwire.

Escoria's work has appeared in publications such as Electric Literature, Hobart, VICE The Believer, and Guernica. Escoria holds an MFA in Fiction Writing from Brooklyn College.

Escoria also created companion videos to accompany the stories in Black Cloud.

Flavorwire
Flavorwire was a New York City-based online culture magazine. The site includes original feature articles, interviews, reviews, as well as content recycled from other sources. Flavorwire describes themselves as "a network of culturally connected people, covering events, art, books, music, film, TV, and pop culture the world over. Highbrow, lowbrow, and everything in between: if it's compelling we're talking about it." Flavorwire was created by Flavorpill Media.
Uḥjiyyat al-ʿArab
The Uḥjiyyat al-ʿArab ('riddle-poem of the Arabs') is a qaṣīda by the early eighth-century CE poet Dhū al-rumma containing the earliest substantial collection of Arabic riddles, thought to have been influential on later Arabic verse riddlers, and perhaps on Arabic ekphrastic poetry more widely.

Arabic riddles
Riddles are historically a significant genre of Arabic literature. The Qur’an does not contain riddles as such, though it does contain conundra. But riddles are attested in early Arabic literary culture, 'scattered in old stories attributed to the pre-Islamic bedouins, in the ḥadīth and elsewhere; and collected in chapters'. Since the nineteenth century, extensive scholarly collections have also been made of riddles in oral circulation.

Although in 1996 the Syrian proverbs scholar Khayr al-Dīn Shamsī Bāshā published a survey of Arabic riddling, analysis of this literary form has been neglected by modern scholars, including its emergence in Arabic writing; there is also a lack of editions of important collections.: 134 n. 61  A major study of grammatical and semantic riddles was, however, published in 2012, and since 2017 both legal riddles: 119–56  and verse riddles have enjoyed growing attention.
Sodium channel opener
A sodium channel opener is a type of drug which facilitates ion transmission through sodium channels.

Examples include natural toxins, such as aconitine, veratridine, grayanotoxin, pyrethrin I, batrachotoxin, robustoxin, palytoxins and ciguatoxins.

Grayanotoxin
Grayanotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxins named after Leucothoe grayana, a plant native to Japan and named for 19th-century American botanist Asa Gray. Grayanotoxin I (grayanotoxane-3,5,6,10,14,16-hexol 14-acetate) is also known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, rhodotoxin and asebotoxin. Grayanotoxins are produced by Rhododendron species and other plants in the family Ericaceae. Honey made from the nectar and so containing pollen of these plants also contains grayanotoxins and is commonly referred to as mad honey.

Consumption of the plant or any of its secondary products, including mad honey, can cause a rare poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron poisoning. It is most frequently produced and consumed in regions of Turkey and Nepal as a recreational drug and traditional medicine.
St. Anne of the Sunset Church in San Francisco
St. Anne of the Sunset Catholic Church in San Francisco is a parish of the Archdiocese of San Francisco in San Francisco, California. St. Anne is one of four Sunset District Catholic churches and mainly caters to the Inner Sunset area near Golden Gate Park and the University of California, San Francisco hospital campus.

Archdiocese of San Francisco
The Archdiocese of San Francisco (Latin: Archdiœcesis Sancti Francisci; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de San Francisco) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the northern California region of the United States. The Archdiocese of San Francisco was erected on July 29, 1853, by Pope Pius IX. Its cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption.