hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2026 Copa Sudamericana first stage
The 2026 Copa Sudamericana first stage will be played from 3 to 5 March 2026. A total of 32 teams will compete in the first stage to decide 16 of the 32 places in the group stage of the 2026 Copa Sudamericana.

2026 Copa Sudamericana
The 2026 Copa CONMEBOL Sudamericana will be the 25th edition of the CONMEBOL Sudamericana (also referred to as the Copa Sudamericana), South America's secondary club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The competition will begin on 3 March and is scheduled to end on 21 November 2026, with the final to be played at Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez in Barranquilla, Colombia.

The winners of the 2026 Copa Sudamericana will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2026 Copa Libertadores in the 2027 Recopa Sudamericana. They will also automatically qualify for the 2027 Copa Libertadores group stage.

Argentine club Lanús are the titleholders, but since they qualified for the 2026 Copa Libertadores group stage as Copa Sudamericana champions, they will only be able to defend their title if they place third in their Copa Libertadores group.
Oroantral fistula
An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar) which is closely related to the antral floor. A small OAC up to 5 millimeters may heal spontaneously, but a larger OAC would require surgical closure to prevent the development of a persistent OAF and chronic sinusitis.

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
Rayerschied
Rayerschied is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Simmern im Hunsrück
Simmern (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪmɐn] ⓘ; officially Simmern/Hunsrück) is a town of roughly 8,155 inhabitants (Dec. 2023) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen. In the Rhineland-Palatinate state development plan, it is set out as a middle centre.
Erzincan
Erzincan (pronounced [æɾˈzindʒan]; Kurdish: Erzîngan), historically Yerznka (Armenian: Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey. Nearby cities include Erzurum, Sivas, Tunceli, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, and Giresun. The city is majority Turkish Sunni with significant Kurdish and Alevi minorities.

The city had a population of 150,714 in 2022, an increase from 86,779 in 2007.

Gümüşhane
Gümüşhane (Turkish: [ɟyˈmyʃhaːne] ⓘ) is a city in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gümüşhane Province and Gümüşhane District. Its population is 39,214 (2022). The city lies along the Harşit River, about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Trabzon. The city lies at an elevation of 1,153 m (3,783 ft).
New Nigerian Bank F.C.
New Nigerian Bank Football Club was a Nigerian football team that played in Benin City. Originally known as Ethiope FC and based in Sapele, it was  handed over by the Bendel State government to New Nigeria Bank and moved to Benin City in 1973.
It would disappear from the map after its corporate owners started having liquidity problems when the first wave of financial houses crashes happened in the 1980s. The team was relegated in 1989 and disbanded soon afterwards.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.
Whole of Government Accounts
Whole of Government Accounts (WGA) is the annual publication by the United Kingdom Government of the consolidated financial statements of over 5,500 organisations across the public sector. It aims to provide more complete data for fiscal planning by producing consolidated financial statements which are produced in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the system of accounts used internationally by the private sector.

The accounts are independently audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General, and they are scrutinized by the Public Accounts Committee each year.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Båsbolken Spur
Båsbolken Spur (71°54′S 5°17′E﻿ / ﻿71.900°S 5.283°E﻿ / -71.900; 5.283) is a rocky spur near the head of Tvibåsen Valley which divides the upper valley into two equal parts, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped from surveys and from air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60).

Tvibåsen Valley
Tvibåsen Valley (71°53′S 5°15′E﻿ / ﻿71.883°S 5.250°E﻿ / -71.883; 5.250) is an ice-filled valley whose upper portion divides into two heads, lying between Svarthamaren Mountain and Cumulus Mountain in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Tvibåsen ("the double stall").
Kibbutz Beth-El
Kibbutz Beth-El is a German Protestant community in Zichron Ya'akov, Israel. In 2003, its population was 800.

Kibbutz Beth-El has its community roots in Stuttgart, Germany. Emma Berger, a Christian who became devout following her recovery from a serious illness, brought a group of followers to Israel in 1963 and purchased land in Zichron Yaakov.

Zikhron Ya'akov
Zikhron Ya'akov (Hebrew: זכרון יעקב, lit. 'Jacob's Memorial') often shortened to just Zikhron, is a town in northern Israel, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of the city of Haifa, and part of the Haifa District. It is located at the southern end of the Carmel mountain range overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, near the coastal highway (Highway 2).

It was one of the first Moshavot of Halutzim in the country, founded in 1882 by Jews from Romania, who in 1883 received support from Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and renamed their town in honor of his father, James Mayer de Rothschild ("James" being derived from the Hebrew name Ya'akov, Jacob). In 2023 it had a population of 24,126.
Live in Amsterdam (Toto album)
25th Anniversary: Live in Amsterdam is a live album by Toto, released in 2003, in the 25th anniversary of the band. It was also the band's last live album to feature bassist Mike Porcaro before his retirement from touring due to his diagnosis with ALS four years later and his death on March 15, 2015.

Electronic keyboard
An electronic keyboard, portable keyboard, or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument based on keyboard instruments. Electronic keyboards include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs and digital audio workstations. In technical terms, an electronic keyboard is a rompler-based synthesizer with a low-wattage power amplifier and small loudspeakers.

Electronic keyboards offer a diverse selection of instrument sounds (piano, organ, violin, etc.) along with synthesizer tones. Designed primarily for beginners and home users, they generally feature unweighted keys. While budget models lack velocity sensitivity, mid-range options and above often include it.  These keyboards have limited sound editing options, focusing on preset sounds. Casio and Yamaha are major manufacturers in this market, known for popularizing the concept since the 1980s.
Kandahar District
Kandahar District (Pashto: د کندهار ولسوالی; Dari: ولسوالی قندهار) is one of the 20 districts of Kandahar Province in southern Afghanistan, with an estimated population of 732,629 settled residents. It encompasses Kandahar, the capital and largest city of Kandahar Province.

The administrative center of Kandahar District is the city of Kandahar, which is divided into 15 nahias (city districts). Every nahia has a police station and a number of neighborhoods. Mullah Hekmatullah serves as the current mayor of the city. His predecessor was Haji Nimatullah Hassan.

Kandahar District has a land area of 273 km2 (105 sq mi) or 27,337 ha (67,550 acres). In 2015 the district had 61,902 dwelling units in it.

Kandahar District borders the following districts, in clockwise: Shah Wali Kot District in the north; Daman District in the east and south; Panjwai District in the southwest; Zherai District in the west; and Arghandab District in the northwest.

Shah Wali Kot District
32°06′N 66°00′E﻿ / ﻿32.1°N 66.0°E﻿ / 32.1; 66.0

Shah Wali Kot District (Pashto: شاه ولي کوټ ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی شاه ولی کوت) is situated in the northern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Khakrez District to the west, Naish District and Oruzgan Province to the north, Zabul Province to the east and Daman and Arghandab districts to the south. The population is 38,400 (2006). The district center is located in the most southern part of the district. The district has been known as a stronghold of the Taliban forces.
Okabana Station
Okabana Station (岡花駅, Okabana-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the village of Hidaka, Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "K10".

Dosan Line
The Dosan Line (土讃線, Dosan-sen) is a railway line in Shikoku, Japan, operated by the Shikoku Railway Company (JR Shikoku). It connects Tadotsu Station in Tadotsu, Kagawa, and Kubokawa Station in Shimanto, Kōchi. The line links the city of Kōchi with northern Shikoku and the island of Honshū via the Seto-Ōhashi Line. The first section of the line between Tadotsu and Kotohira opened in 1889, Kochi was connected to the northern section of the line in 1935, and the western extension of the line was completed in 1951. The name of the line comes from "Tosa" (土佐) and "Sanuki" (讃岐), the old provincial names of present-day Kōchi Prefecture and Kagawa Prefecture, respectively.
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of South Carolina. Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.

Appeals from the District of South Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the District of South Carolina represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 28, 2025, the acting United States attorney is Bryan Stirling.

Anderson, South Carolina
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 28,106 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is one of the principal cities in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 975,480 in 2023. It is included in the larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,590,636 in 2023.

It is just off Interstate 85 and is 120 miles (190 km) from Atlanta and 140 miles (230 km) from Charlotte. Anderson is the smallest of the three primary cities that make up the Upstate region, and is nicknamed the "Electric City" and the "Friendliest City in South Carolina". A 38-foot tall Confederate Memorial currently resides prominently in the center of downtown Anderson.
Kerr/CFT correspondence
The Kerr/conformal field theory (CFT) correspondence is an extension of the usual anti de Sitter/CFT correspondence or gauge-gravity duality to rotating black holes (which are described by the Kerr metric).

The duality works for black holes whose near-horizon geometry can be expressed as a product of AdS3 and a single compact coordinate. The AdS/CFT duality then maps this to a two-dimensional conformal field theory (the compact coordinate being analogous to the S5 factor in Juan Maldacena's original work), from which the correct Bekenstein entropy can then be deduced.

The original form of the duality applies to black holes with the maximum value of angular momentum, but it has now been speculatively extended to all lesser values.

Rotating black hole
A rotating black hole is a black hole that possesses angular momentum. In particular, it rotates about one of its axes of symmetry.

All currently known celestial objects, including planets, stars (Sun), galaxies, and black holes, spin about one of their axes.
Coelbren
Coelbren (Welsh: Y Coelbren) is a small rural village within the community of Tawe Uchaf in southernmost Powys, Wales. It lies on the very northern edge of the South Wales Coalfield some six miles north-east of Ystradgynlais and just outside the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park. It is known for Henrhyd Falls, a 27m high waterfall which serves as a National Trust-managed visitor attraction on the Nant Llech. To the east of the village flows the Afon Pyrddin which plunges over two more spectacular falls.

As first edition Ordnance Survey maps of the area show, the name 'Coelbren' applied to a farmhouse and chapel before the modern village developed and is recorded in the name Tyre y Kolbren in 1503 where it signifies the sharing of land (modern Welsh 'tir') by means of drawing lots, a 'coelbren' being translated amongst other things as an 'inscribed piece of wood' or 'omen-stick'.

Afon Pyrddin
The Afon Pyrddin is a river forming a short section of the boundary between Powys and Neath Port Talbot in Wales, United Kingdom. It also forms a part of the boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The river and its waterfalls are one of the key attractions of the Fforest Fawr Geopark designated in 2005.

The name could mean 'river by the striking fortress' or 'sweet-flowing river'.

The streams of Nant y Bryn, Nant y Fedwen and Nant Hir come together to form the Pyrddin which flows south-eastwards for 3 miles (5 km) to its confluence with the Nedd Fechan (sometimes also known historically in an Englished form "Neath Vaughan"; at one time this would have been a fair indication of the Welsh pronunciation in English spelling, but with changes in English pronunciation it has now diverged considerably)).
Bergslagen Line
The Bergslagen Line (Swedish: Bergslagsbanan) is a railway line consisting of two sections, from Gävle via Falun, Ställdalen to Kil, Värmland, and from Ställdalen to Frövi. Although not officially, the Norway/Vänern Line is also often regarded part of the Bergslagen Line, because it was before the renaming 1990. Construction began in 1855 and the line opened in 1879.

At Kil, the line connects with the Norway/Vänern Line, the Fryksdal Line and the Värmland Line. At Borlänge, it connects to the Dala Line, at Frövi to the Freight Line through Bergslagen, and in Gävle with the Northern Main Line and the East Coast Line.

East Coast Line (Sweden)
The East Coast Line (Swedish: Ostkustbanan) is a 402-kilometre (250 mi) long mainline railway in Sweden, linking the cities of Stockholm, Uppsala, Gävle and Sundsvall, as well as the suburbs north of Stockholm.
Iron Sunrise
Iron Sunrise is a 2004 hard science fiction novel by British writer Charles Stross, which follows the events in Singularity Sky. The book was nominated for both the Hugo and Locus Awards in 2005.

Singularity Sky depicts a future where human societies have been involuntarily taken from Earth and widely distributed across the Milky Way galaxy, seemingly at random, in the wake of a technological singularity which has led to the onset of strong AI, in the form of the Eschaton.

The events in both novels take place consecutively some time after the immediate aftermath of the singularity.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
Centerfire ammunition
A center-fire (or centerfire) is a type of metallic cartridge used in firearms, where the primer is located at the center of the base of its casing (i.e. "case head").  Unlike rimfire cartridges, the centerfire primer is typically a separate component seated into a recessed cavity (known as the primer pocket) in the case head and is replaceable by reloading the cartridge.

Centerfire cartridges have supplanted the rimfire cartridge, with the exception of a few small calibers. The majority of today's handguns, rifles, and shotguns use centerfire ammunition, with the exception of some .17 caliber, .20 caliber, and .22 caliber rimfire handgun and rifle cartridges, a few small-bore/gauge shotgun shells (intended mainly for use in pest control), and a handful of antiquated rimfire and pinfire cartridges for various firearm actions.

Hang fire
Hang fire is an unexpected delay between the triggering of a firearm and the ignition of the propellant. This failure was common in firearm actions that relied on open primer pans, due to the poor or inconsistent quality of the powder, although modern firearms are also susceptible. The delay is usually too brief to be noticed, but can be several seconds. A hangfire should be suspected whenever a firearm fails to fire, but has not clearly malfunctioned.
Simon III de Senlis
Simon III de Senlis (c. 1138–1184)  (or Senliz, St. Liz, etc.), Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton was an English nobleman.

He was the son of Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton and Isabel de Beaumont. Simon was in his minority when his father died in 1153. He was passed over as Earl of Huntington, in favour of King Malcolm IV of Scotland, who granted the earldom to his own brother William. Upon reaching of age, Simon was recognised in the earldom of Northampton in 1159. He succeeded to the earldom of Huntingdon, in 1174, upon the forfeiture by William, who had succeeded as king of Scotland.

Simon died in 1184 and was buried in the St Andrew's Priory, Northampton. His wife Alice died in 1185. The earldom of Huntingdon was  inherited by Prince David of Scotland, while the earldom of Northampton reverted to the English crown.

David, Earl of Huntingdon
David of Scotland (1152 – 17 June 1219) was a Scottish prince and Earl of Huntingdon. He was the grandson of David I and the younger brother of two Scottish kings, Malcolm the Maiden and William the Lion.
Quasireversibility
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, quasireversibility (sometimes QR) is a property of some queues. The concept was first identified by Richard R. Muntz and further developed by Frank Kelly. Quasireversibility differs from reversibility in that a stronger condition is imposed on arrival rates and a weaker condition is applied on probability fluxes. For example, an M/M/1 queue with state-dependent arrival rates and state-dependent service times is reversible, but not quasireversible.

A network of queues, such that each individual queue when considered in isolation is quasireversible, always has a product form stationary distribution. Quasireversibility had been conjectured to be a necessary condition for a product form solution in a queueing network, but this was shown not to be the case. Chao et al. exhibited a product form network where quasireversibility was not satisfied.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Waverly Municipal Airport
Waverly Municipal Airport (FAA LID: C25) is in Waverly, Iowa, United States, on 35th Street approximately 2 nautical miles away from the city center.

The airport is owned and maintained by the City of Waverly. It is a public use airport and can service a wide variety of small single and multi-engine piston and turboprop aircraft.

Waverly, Iowa
Waverly is a city in Bremer County, Iowa, United States. The population was 10,394 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Bremer County and is part of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls metropolitan area. Waverly is situated along the Cedar River and is accessible via the Avenue of the Saints for transportation.

The sister city of Waverly is the German city of Eisenach, which is famous for the Wartburg castle. Waverly is the location of Wartburg College, which is named after the castle.