hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Climate change in the Maldives
Climate change is a major issue for the Maldives. As an archipelago of low-lying islands and atolls in the Indian Ocean, the existence of the Maldives is severely threatened by sea level rise. By 2050, 80% of the country could become uninhabitable due to global warming. According to the World Bank, with "future sea levels projected to increase in the range of 10 to 100 centimeters by the year 2100, the entire country could be submerged". The Maldives is striving to adapt to climate change, and Maldivian authorities have been prominent in international political advocacy to implement climate change mitigation.

Tourism in the Maldives
Tourism is the largest economic industry in the Maldives, as it plays an important role in earning foreign exchange revenues and employing 25,000 people in the tertiary sector of the country. The archipelago of the Maldives is the main source of attraction to many tourists visiting the island country. Entrepreneurs have been swiftly amassing assets connected to the tourism sector in the Maldives. Given that tourism is the primary economic driver in the Maldives, this trend is affording the substantial influence over the nation's economy.

The tourism industry is especially vulnerable to climate change: as one of the island nations expected to be most impacted by climate change, sea level rise and subsequent increased extreme weather, coastal flooding, and coral bleaching damage the natural attractions that bring many of the tourists to the country.
Tonjong, Brebes
Tonjong District is the name of an administrative district (Indonesian: Kecamatan) in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. It covers 86.55 km2 and had a population of 65,232 at the 2010 Census and 76,477 at the 2020 Census.

Brebes Regency
Brebes (Indonesian pronunciation: [brə'bəs], Javanese: ꦧꦽꦧꦼꦱ꧀, Sundanese: ᮘᮢᮨᮘᮨᮞ᮪) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the northwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,769.62 km2, and it had a population of 1,733,869 at the 2010 Census and 1,978,759 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 2,065,501 (comprising 1,046,978 males and 1,018,523 females). Its capital is the large town of Brebes in the northeast corner of the regency, immediately adjacent to the neighbouring city of Tegal.

It is bordered to the north by the Java Sea, to the east by Tegal city and Tegal Regency, to the southeast by Banyumas Regency, to the south by Cilacap Regency, and to the west by West Java Province (Kuningan Regency and Cirebon Regency).
Austroalpine nappes
The Austroalpine nappes are a geological nappe stack system in the European Alps. They are structurally on top of the Penninic (meaning they were thrust over them).  The prefix Austro in this term refers to Austria, rather than south/southern. This is because the bulk of the Austroalpine nappes (which constitute the Eastern Alps except for some tectonic windows) is in Austria, although they also reach into Eastern Switzerland. The western boundary of the Eastern Alps is the Lake Constance - Chur – Lake Como line.

Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
Wind-Up Fest
Wind-Up Fest was an American multidisciplinary festival celebrating non-fiction storytelling in all its forms. It existed for only one year, in 2015, where it was held in North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was billed as "An enchanted expedition to the fiery core of NonFiction. Guided by the world’s most compelling creators of documentaries, podcasts, long-form journalism, live performance and storytelling".

Williamstown, Massachusetts
Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. Located in Berkshire County, the town is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. A college town, it is home to Williams College, the Clark Art Institute and the Tony-awarded Williamstown Theatre Festival.
T. S. Singh Deo
Tribhuvaneshwar Saran Singh Deo  (born 31 October 1952), also known by his initials as T. S. Singh Deo or T. S. Baba, is an Indian politician from Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh. He was the First Deputy Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh from June 2023 to December 2023.

He is also the current titular Maharaja of Surguja, with headquarters at Ambikapur. He was the last mentor to sit on the throne of Surguja.

2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election
The 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian State of Chhattisgarh. The election was held in two phases for a total of 90 seats; the first for 18 seats in South Chhattisgarh on 12 November 2018, and the second for the remaining 72 on 20 November.

The INC got a landslide victory winning 68 seats against the ruling BJP's 15 seats, and consequently formed the government after 15 years as opposition party. Incumbent Chief Minister Raman Singh resigned on 11 December, the day of counting and declaration of result, taking the responsibility for the defeat in the elections. Elected to the Assembly from Patan, INC leader Bhupesh Baghel took office on 17 December as the third Chief Minister of the State.
Tuzla railway station
Tuzla station (Turkish: Tuzla istasyonu) is a station, under construction, on the Marmaray commuter rail line in Tuzla, Istanbul. It was previously a station on the Haydarpaşa suburban and the Haydarpaşa-Adapazarı Regional until 2013, when all train service east of Pendik was suspended. The new station consists of one island platform serving two local tracks with a third express track on the south side as well as a siding.

Tuzla, Istanbul
Tuzla is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. It has a population of 288,878 (2022) and a land area of 138 km2 . It is on the Asian side of the city next to the municipality of Pendik. Tuzla is on a headland on the coast of Marmara Sea, at the eastern limit of the city. The mayor is Eren Ali Bingöl (CHP).
Renault Express
The Renault Express is a panel van of the French automobile manufacturer Renault, which in July 1985 succeeded the R4 Fourgonette in the market. It was based on the second generation Renault 5.

It was commercialised in some European countries as the Renault Extra (United Kingdom and Ireland), Renault Rapid (mainly German-speaking countries) or Renault Express (in France, Spain, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, Taiwan). The vehicle stayed in production until April 2001 in Uruguay, where it was produced for South America by Nordex S.A..

Pillar (car)
The pillars on a car with permanent roof body style (such as four-door sedans) are the vertical or nearly vertical supports of its window area or greenhouse—designated respectively as the A, B, C and (in larger cars such as 4-door station wagons and sport utility vehicles) D-pillar, moving from front to rear, in profile view.
Scott Makar
Scott Douglas Makar (born October 15, 1959) is an American lawyer, college professor and Judge on Florida's Fifth District Court of Appeal, recommissioned from the First District Court of Appeal on January 1, 2023, by Governor Ron DeSantis. Previously he was the Florida Solicitor General serving from 2007 until 2012 and in that position, argued five cases before the United States Supreme Court.

Solicitor General of Florida
The solicitor general of Florida or Florida solicitor general is the top appellate (appeals) solicitor (lawyer) for the U.S. State of Florida. It is an appointed position in the Office of the Florida Attorney General and the individual serves at the pleasure of the attorney general. Many of the cases handled by the Solicitor are argued in the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Florida.  However some cases within the solicitor's responsibilities are under the jurisdiction of the  United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit and the state appellate courts. The solicitor represents the Florida attorney general before the Florida Supreme Court and other appellate courts, as needed.  He also decides whether the State of Florida has an interest in all cases filed in the Florida Supreme Court and if the state should file or join an amicus brief.
2016 Columbus Challenger 2
The 2016 Columbus Challenger 2 was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2016 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Columbus, United States between 21 and 27 November 2016.

2016 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2016, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2016 ATP Challenger Tour calendar contained 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $125,000. It was the 39th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 8th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Jeongdok Public Library
Jeongdok Public Library (Korean: 정독도서관) is a library in Seoul, South Korea. It is located in Hwa-dong, Jongno-gu, on Bukchon-ro.

On the campus of Jeongdok Public Library was Jongchinbu (종친부; 宗親府), Seoul Tangible Cultural Property number 9. Jongchinbu was constructed in 1433 and is one of three remaining Joseon Dynasty government buildings. The rest were destroyed in the Japanese invasions, occupation, or the Korean War.

Until February 1976, the site was occupied by the campus of Kyunggi High School. The Jeongdok Library opened in January 1977 on the former site of the school.

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.
New Zealand Energy Corporation
New Zealand Energy Corporation (NZEC) is an oil and gas producing company in New Zealand, established in 2010. It owns and operates gas and oil fields in Taranaki and has exploration permits in the East Coast Basin.

In 2013, NZEC purchased the Tariki, Waihapa and Ngaere mining licences and assets from Origin Energy.

Origin Energy
Origin Energy Ltd is an ASX listed public company with headquarters in Sydney. It is a major integrated electricity generator, and electricity and natural gas retailer. It operates Eraring Power Station, Australia's largest coal-fired power station, in New South Wales, which it plans to close in 2027. As of 2024, it plans to "minimise" its ownership of wind and solar power, to boost investor returns. It owns 20% of Octopus Energy, a UK renewable energy retailer.
Church of Saint Sava, Bileća
The Church of Saint Sava (Serbian: Црква светог Саве) is a Serbian Orthodox church located in the village of Bileća in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dedicated to Saint Sava, it was constructed in 1896 in neo-Romano-Gothic style. The Church was proclaimed a National Monument by the commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2006.

Bileća
Bileća (Serbian Cyrillic: Билећа) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.
History of Savoy (1792–1815)
In 1792, the Duchy of Savoy entered the revolutionary period with the arrival and occupation by the Legion of the Allobroges. The historical region experienced a situation similar to that of the French provinces. It became the Department of Mont-Blanc, with its capital in the former ducal capital, Chambéry. With the occupation of Geneva, the northern part of the duchy was separated in 1798 to form the Department of Léman. The duchy recovered its princes with the restoration in 1814 and then again in 1815.

Antoine Louis Albitte
Antoine Louis Albitte (30 December 1761, Dieppe, Seine-Maritime – 23 December 1812, Raseiniai) was a French Revolutionary politician. He was deputy for Seine-Inférieure in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention, where he was known as "Albitte the elder" to distinguish him from his brother Jean-Louis Albitte - he sat there from pluviôse, Year II. He also fought as an officer in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars - he died of cold, fatigue and hunger on the retreat from Russia after three days of suffering.
2020 General Tire 150 (Kentucky)
The 2020 General Tire 150 was the sixth stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series and the 15th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 11, 2020, in Sparta, Kentucky, at Kentucky Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 100 laps to complete. At race's end, Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing would take control in the late stages of the race to take his fourth career ARCA Menards Series win and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Bret Holmes of Bret Holmes Racing and Michael Self of Venturini Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

General Tire 150 (Kentucky)
The General Tire 150 was a 150-mile (240 km) ARCA Menards Series race held at the Kentucky Speedway.

The track hosted the series twice a year between 2000 and 2009 (except 2003), with this race being held in July as a supporting race to the NASCAR Truck Series. The other race at the track was held as a standalone race in May, except for its first year in 2000 when it was held in August.

The ARCA Series would return to the track in September 2013. After five years, it was removed from the schedule again after the 2017 season when its supporting race, the NASCAR Xfinity Series VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300 was also removed. The race was re-added in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 schedule changes resulting in the Charlotte Motor Speedway race being cancelled.
2005 FIA WTCC Race of Spain
The 2005 FIA WTCC Race Of Spain was the ninth and penultimate round of the 2005 World Touring Car Championship season. It was held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo. Jordi Gené won the first race for SEAT, this being SEAT's third win and the first for the new SEAT León in WTCC. The second race was dominated by Jörg Müller, whose win for BMW helped them to close in on the Manufacturers Championship.

2005 World Touring Car Championship
The 2005 World Touring Car Championship was the second season of World Touring Car Championship motor racing, and the first since 1987. It featured the 2005 FIA World Touring Car Championship which was contested over a ten event, twenty race series which commenced on 10 April and ended on 20 November. The championship was open to Super 2000 cars, Diesel 2000 cars and Super Production cars as defined by the FIA. Andy Priaulx won the Drivers' Championship and BMW won the Manufacturers' title.

Organised by KSO, a subsidiary of Eurosport, the championship was an evolution of the former European Touring Car Championship, elevated to World Championship status by the FIA for 2005 with the introduction of races outside Europe. The European title was given to the new European Touring Car Cup, a one-off event.
Compassion International Ghana
Compassion International Ghana is a Christian non-governmental organisation (NGO) that seeks to transform the lives of children living in extreme poverty.

Compassion International Ghana is a Chapter of Compassion International (CI) a para-church organization.

Compassion International
Compassion International is an American child sponsorship and Christian humanitarian aid organization headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, that aims to positively influence the long-term development of children globally who live in poverty.

A 2013 independent research report, in the Journal of Political Economy, concluded that as of that time, Compassion International had large and statistically significant impacts on participants' years of school completion, the probability of later employment, and the quality of that employment, in part as a consequence of improved self-esteem and expectations in participating children.
Jorsale
Jorsale  is a small village in the Khumbu region of Nepal. It lies on the west side of the Dudh Kosi river,  just north of Monjo and south of Namche Bazaar, at an altitude of 2,740 m.

The trail starts at Lukla, and Jorsale is the last settlement before Namche, the main stopping point for trekkers on their way to Sagarmartha (Mount Everest), one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1979, via the Gokyo Ri route or Tengboche route.

The primary function of the village is to support the tourism industry and as such consists of a number of guesthouses and a bakery.

Lukla
Lukla (Nepali: लुक्ला Nepali pronunciation: [ˈlukla]) is a small town in the Khumbu Pasang Lhamu rural municipality of the Solukhumbu District in the Koshi Province of northeastern Nepal. Situated at 2,860 metres (9,383 ft) above sea level, it is a popular place for visitors to the Himalayas near Mount Everest to arrive. Although Lukla means "place with many goats and sheep", few are found in the area now.

Lukla village holds a small airport serving the region, and a variety of shops and lodges catering to tourists and trekkers, providing western-style meals and trail supplies. From Lukla, travelers need two days to reach the village of Namche Bazaar, an altitude-acclimatization stop for those continuing on. The airport has a 527-metre (1,729 ft) single asphalt runway.

In August 2014, the Nepalese government announced plans to open the first tarmac road from Kathmandu to Lukla.
Fujica X-mount
The Fujica X-mount was a lens mount created by Fujifilm in the late 1970s and early 1980s for the new Fujica SLR lineup: AX-1, AX-3, AX-5, AX Multi, STX-1, STX-1N, STX-2, MPF105X, MPF105XN. It replaced the M42 screw mount used on their earlier SLRs.

The mount is a bayonet type, with a 65° clockwise lock, and a flange focal distance of 43.5 mm.

With the advent of autofocus, the Fujica series of 35 mm SLR cameras was discontinued in 1985, rendering this mount obsolete. Fuji would return to the SLR market in 2000 with a series of digital SLR cameras starting with the FinePix S1 Pro, but these were based on Nikon designs and used the autofocus version of the Nikon F-mount.

Fujifilm introduced a line of twenty-seven X-Fujinon lenses with this mount (as well as three Fujinar lenses):

Nikon F-mount
The Nikon F-mount is a type of interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for its 35mm format single-lens reflex cameras. The F-mount was first introduced on the Nikon F camera in 1959, and features a three-lug bayonet mount with a 44 mm throat and a flange to focal plane distance of 46.5 mm. The company continues, with the 2020 D6 model, to use variations of the same lens mount specification for its film and digital SLR cameras.

The Nikon F-mount successor is the Nikon Z-mount. The FTZ II (and the original FTZ) lens adapter allows many F-mount lenses to be used on Z-mount cameras.
Derry, County Westmeath
Derry is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is located in the civil parish Castlelost. The R400 regional road runs through the east of the area. The townland of Castlelost lies to the east and contains the town of Rochfortbridge. The small townlands of Clontytallon and Whitewell are to the west. Fearmore lies to the north.

Whitewell, County Westmeath
Whitewell is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is located in the civil parish of Kilbride. The R400 regional road cuts through the east of the townland as it connects the towns of Rochfortbridge and Mullingar.
Geology of Triton
The geology of Triton encompasses the physical characteristics of the surface, internal structure, and geological history of Neptune's largest moon Triton. With a mean density of 2.061 g/cm3, Triton is roughly 15-35% water ice by mass; Triton is a differentiated body, with an icy solid crust atop a probable subsurface ocean and a rocky core. As a result, Triton's surface geology is largely driven by the dynamics of water ice and other volatiles such as nitrogen and methane. Triton's geology is vigorous, and has been and continues to be influenced by its unusual history of capture, high internal heat, and its thin but significant atmosphere.

Nearly nothing was known of Triton's geology until the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the Neptune system in 1989, marking the first and only up-close observations of the moon as of 2024. A number of proposals have been made to follow up on Voyager 2's discoveries, such as Trident and Triton Hopper.

Volatile (astrogeology)
Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds that are not readily vaporized are known as refractory substances.

On planet Earth, the term often refers to the volatile components of magma. In astrogeology, volatiles are investigated in the crust or atmosphere of a planet or moon. Volatiles include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, halogens, noble gases and others.
Barra da Lagoa
Barra da Lagoa is a small fishing village in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The village is set on the mouth of a tidewater channel that flows in and out of the Island's sizable lagoon, the Lagoa da Conceição. The channel is at the end of a long beach made up of Praia Barra da Lagoa (English:Barra da Lagoa Beach) and Mozambique Beach which form a single 14 km stretch of beach.

Barra da Lagoa is home to a turtle preservation centre operated by Projeto TAMAR.

Lagoa da Conceição
Lagoa da Conceição (Portuguese: [laˈɡoɐ dɐ kõsejˈsɐ̃w]) is a district located next to a large lagoon of the same name near the center of Florianópolis, capital city of the state of Santa Catarina, located in the south of Brazil.

Lagoa da Conceição combines beaches, dunes, hills, and the biggest lagoon on the island. The area has a small town center with a medical clinic, post office, pharmacies, supermarkets, boutique stores and specialty shops. The town gets particularly crowded during the Brazilian summer vacation, i.e. the months of January and February.