hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generalized helicoid
In geometry, a generalized helicoid is a surface in Euclidean space generated by rotating and simultaneously displacing a curve, the profile curve, along a line, its axis. Any point of the given curve is the starting point of a circular helix. If the profile curve is contained in a plane through the axis, it is called the meridian of the generalized helicoid. Simple examples of generalized helicoids are the helicoids. The meridian of a helicoid is a line which intersects the axis orthogonally.

Essential types of generalized helicoids are

ruled generalized helicoids. Their profile curves are lines and the surfaces are ruled surfaces.

circular generalized helicoids. Their profile curves are circles.

In mathematics helicoids play an essential role as minimal surfaces.
In the technical area generalized helicoids are used for staircases, slides, screws, and pipes.

Conoid
In geometry a conoid (from Greek  κωνος  'cone' and  -ειδης  'similar') is a ruled surface, whose rulings (lines) fulfill the additional conditions:

(1) All rulings are parallel to a plane, the directrix plane.

(2) All rulings intersect a fixed line, the axis.

The conoid is a right conoid if its axis is perpendicular to its directrix plane. Hence all rulings are perpendicular to the axis.

Because of (1) any conoid is a Catalan surface and can be represented parametrically by

Any curve x(u0,v) with fixed parameter u = u0 is a ruling, c(u) describes the directrix and the vectors r(u) are  all parallel to the directrix plane. The planarity of the vectors r(u) can be represented by

.

If the directrix is a circle, the conoid is called a circular conoid.

The term conoid was already used by Archimedes in his treatise On Conoids and Spheroides.
J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd
J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd is a British firm of organ builders established in 1828 by Joseph William Walker in London. Walker organs were popular additions to churches during the Gothic Revival era of church building and restoration in Victorian Britain, and instruments built by Walker are found in many churches around the UK and in other countries. The firm continues to build organs today.

Gray and Davison
Gray & Davison was a large-scale manufacturer of church and cathedral pipe organs, based in London.  The company was active between 1841 and 1973 and had its heyday between 1905 and 1930.

Organs produced are stamped "John Gray", then later "Gray & Son" and from 1842 onwards as "Gray & Davison".

The company started with Robert Gray (1742–1796), and his partner and brother William Gray (1757–1821). John Gray, William's son inherited the business in 1821 and from 1837 ran it in partnership with Frederick Davison until John Gray's death in 1849.
Camerata Nuova
Camerata Nuova is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Lazio, located about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Rome.

Camerata Nuova borders the following municipalities: Cappadocia, Cervara di Roma, Rocca di Botte, Subiaco, Vallepietra.

Subiaco, Lazio
Subiaco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, in the Italian region of Latium, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Tivoli alongside the River Aniene. It is a tourist and religious resort because of its sacred grotto (Sacro Speco), in the medieval St. Benedict's Abbey, and its Abbey of Santa Scolastica. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). The first books to be printed in Italy were produced here in the late 15th century.
Dingadee railway station
Dingadee railway station was a regional railway station located on the North Coast line, serving the Hunter Valley locality of Fosterton.  It opened in 1913 when the North Coast line was extended from Dungog to Taree and closed to passenger services in 1975. The only trace that remains is a signalling hut.

Taree railway station
Taree railway station is a station on the North Coast railway line, New South Wales, Australia. It serves the town of Taree, opening on 5 February 1913 when the line was extended from Dungog. It was a terminus until the line was extended to Wauchope on 12 April 1915. It had extensive locomotive servicing facilities, including an eight-road roundhouse. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
(60621) 2000 FE8
(60621) 2000 FE8 (provisional designation 2000 FE8) is a resonant and binary trans-Neptunian object, approximately 146 kilometers (91 miles) in diameter, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 27 March 2000, by astronomers John Kavelaars, Brett Gladman, Jean-Marc Petit and Matthew Holman at Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii. This distant object resides in an eccentric orbit and is locked in a 2:5 orbital resonance with Neptune. It is known to have a 111-kilometer sized companion, which was discovered in January 2007.

Brett J. Gladman
Brett James Gladman (born April 19, 1966) is a Canadian astronomer and a full professor at the University of British Columbia's Department of Physics and Astronomy in Vancouver, British Columbia. He holds the Canada Research Chair in planetary astronomy.  He does both theoretical work (large-scale numerical simulations of planetary dynamics) and observational optical astronomy (being a discoverer of many planetary moons and minor planets).
Maungatapu
41°19′00.41″S 173°24′59.55″E﻿ / ﻿41.3167806°S 173.4165417°E﻿ / -41.3167806; 173.4165417

Maungatapu  is a mountain in New Zealand located on the border of the Nelson, New Zealand and Marlborough Regions. It lies in the Bryant Range. The mountain is 1014 metres high. Maungatapu is Māori for "sacred mountain". The mountain was the location of the infamous Maungatapu murders.

The Maungatapu saddle is the main route for electrical power lines from Nelson to  Marlborough. The mountain has a rough track which links Pelorus Bridge with the Maitai Valley. This is used for mountain biking and walking only. Driving and motorcycling have been banned by Nelson City Council since 2010 but reopened in 2024.

Bryant Range
The Bryant Range is a range of low mountains in the northern South Island of New Zealand. They form part of the boundary of the Nelson and Tasman Districts with Marlborough Region, as well as forming the western boundary of Mount Richmond Forest Park The range is traversed by State Highway 6 at the Rai Saddle close to its northern end.

The Bryant Range runs roughly northeast to southwest for some 35 kilometres, starting south of Delaware Bay and extending to its junction with the larger Richmond Range south of the town of Richmond. It is bounded in the east by the valleys of the Pelorus, Rai, and Ronga Rivers, and in the west by the Whangamoa River, Roding, and Teal Rivers. The range has several peaks over 1000 metres in height, notably Saddle Hill (1215m) and Mount Duppa (1133m).
1922 Trinity Blue Devils football team
The 1922 Trinity Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College (later renamed Duke University) as an independent during the 1922 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Herman Steiner, the team compiled a 7–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 156 to 57. The team shut out five opponents: Guilford (43–0), Hampden–Sydney (27–0), Davidson (12–0), Wake Forest (3–0), and Wofford (26–0). Tom Neal was the team captain. According to the university, this was the first season in which the team was called the Blue Devils (having been previously known unofficially as the Blue and White). The name was introduced by The Trinity Chronicle, the school's student newspaper, and slowly gained acceptance over the following years.

1922 Davidson Wildcats football team
The 1922 Davidson Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Davidson College as an independent during the 1922 college football season. In their third year under head coach H. M. Grey, the team compiled a 2–6–2 record.
Dayib Gurey
Mohamed Ahmed 'Dayib Gurey" (Somali: Maxamed Aaaden 'Dayib Gurey') was a senior SNM senior commander who led the invasion of Hargeisa in the Somaliland War of Independence. Gurey also served as trade minister under Somaliland's first elected government under President Egal in 1993.

Somali National Movement
The Somali National Movement (SNM; Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerrilla groups and mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.

In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after the Somaliland War of Independence.
Batnfjordelva
Batnfjordelva is a river in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It originates from the lake Botnvatnet and it flows to the east and later northeast until it empties into the Batnfjorden at the village of Batnfjordsøra. The river is 19.2 kilometres (11.9 mi) long and it has a catchment of 70 square kilometres (27 sq mi). The discharge rate at the mouth of the river is 4.61 cubic metres per second (163 cu ft/s).

The river is popular for fishing Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout and migratory Char. The parasite Gyrodactylus salaris has been reported in the river, affecting its populations of Atlantic Salmon.

Gjemnes Municipality
Gjemnes is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway on the Romsdal peninsula. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Batnfjordsøra, which lies along the Batnfjorden and it is a former steamship landing place. Other villages in Gjemnes include Torvikbukt, Flemma, Angvika, Gjemnes, Øre, and Osmarka.

The 382-square-kilometre (147 sq mi) municipality is the 242nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gjemnes Municipality is the 244th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,700. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Danderesso
Danderesso is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 1,645 square kilometers and includes the town and 30 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 41,723. The town of Danderesso, the chef-lieu of the commune, is 28 km northeast of Sikasso.

Sikasso
Sikasso (Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ tr. Sikaso) is a city in the south of Mali and the capital of the Sikasso Cercle and the Sikasso Region.  It is Mali's second largest city with 225,753 residents in the 2009 census. The city is a large centre and trading port, and was the capital of the Kénédougou Kingdom between 1877 and 1898.
Johan Schot
Johannes Willem "Johan" Schot (born 4 February 1961) is a Dutch historian working in the field of science and technology policy. A historian of technology and an expert in sustainability transitions, Johan Schot is Professor of Global Comparative History at the Centre for Global Challenges, Utrecht University. He is the Academic Director of the Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC) and former Director of the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at the University of Sussex. He was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in 2009. He is the Principal Investigator of the Deep Transitions Lab.

Dutch Research Council
The Dutch Research Council (NWO, Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is the national research council of the Netherlands. NWO funds thousands of top researchers at universities and institutes and steers the course of Dutch science by means of subsidies and research programmes. NWO promotes quality and innovation in science. NWO is an independent administrative body under the auspices of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

NWO directs its approximate budget of 1 billion euros towards Dutch universities and institutes, often on a project basis. Also, NWO has its own research institutes and facilitates international cooperation. The president of NWO since April 2021 is Marcel Levi. Former NWO presidents include Stan Gielen, Peter Nijkamp and Jos Engelen.

NWO is also known for the annual Spinoza and Stevin Prizes.
1961 World Men's Handball Championship
The 1961 World Men's Handball Championship was the fourth team handball World Championship. It was held in West Germany and West Berlin between 1–12 March 1961. A united team composed of players from the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany competed. Romania won the championship.

IHF World Men's Handball Championship
The IHF Men's Handball World Championship has been organized indoor by the International Handball Federation since 1938.

In the twenty-nine tournaments held, twelve national teams have won the title. France is the most successful team with six titles, followed by Sweden, Denmark and Romania with four titles each.

The current champion is Denmark, which won its fourth consecutive title at the 2025 tournament in Croatia, Denmark and Norway.
Vopytny
Vopytny (Belarusian: Вопытны; Russian: Опытный, romanized: Opytny) is a settlement in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is administratively part of Barawlyany rural council. It is located about seven kilometres (4.3 mi) from the Minsk Ring Road, north of the capital Minsk. In 2010, it had a population of 368.

Barawlyany, Minsk district rural council
Barawlyany  rural council (Belarusian: Бараўлянскі сельсавет; Russian: Боровлянский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Minsk district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the agrotown of Lyasny.
Aberbechan Hall
Aberbechan Hall was a timber framed mansion in the township of Aberbechan within the parish of Llanllwchaearn in the historic county of Montgomeryshire. The township of Aberbechan was transferred to Bettws Cedewain and more recently moved, with the township of Dolforwyn, into the community of Abermule with Llandyssil. The Hall was originally built by the Blayney family, passing to the Price and Lloyd families, before becoming the property of Sir Gervais Clifton. In 1810 it was sold to David Pugh of Llanerchydol near Welshpool. The Hall was demolished in 1870 and replaced by the present Hall.

Dolforwyn Castle
Dolforwyn Castle (Welsh: Castell Dolforwyn) is a Welsh medieval castle above the village of Abermule, Powys. The fortification was established by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Gwynedd in the late 13th century. It is sited on a wooded ridge commanding excellent views of the upper Severn Valley.

Dolforwyn Castle is a fine example of a native Welsh castle design as opposed to those built by the Cambro-Normans during the Norman invasion of Wales.
Mala Cikava
Mala Cikava (pronounced [ˈmaːla tsiˈkaːʋa]) is a settlement east of the town of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Frank Parker (United States Army officer)
Major General Frank Parker (September 21, 1872 – March 13, 1947) was a United States Army officer who had a distinguished military career spanning over forty years, which included service in the Spanish–American War and World War I. He served with distinction during the latter conflict, commanding a regiment, a brigade, and a division, and earning numerous decorations for gallantry in the process. His awards include the Army Distinguished Service Medal, two Silver Star Citations, and numerous foreign decorations and civilian accolades.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Cilobamine
Cilobamine is a drug which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and has stimulant and antidepressant effects.

It can clearly be seen that the structure is based on dichloroisoprenaline that has been fused onto the bicycloalkane scaffold.

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT).

NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion.

A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA).
Identity in the Eight Banners
Identity in China was strongly dependent on the Eight Banner system during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). China consisted of multiple ethnic groups, of which the Han, Mongols and Manchus participated in the banner system. Identity, however, was defined much more by culture, language and participation in the military (the Eight Banners) until the Qianlong Emperor resurrected the ethnic classifications.

Jurchen language
The Jurchen language (Chinese: 女真語; pinyin: Nǚzhēn yǔ) was the Tungusic language of the Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the rulers of the Jin dynasty in northern China of the 12th and 13th centuries. It is ancestral to the Manchu language. In 1635 Hong Taiji renamed the Jurchen ethnicity and language to "Manchu".
Sauvey Castle
Sauvey Castle is a medieval castle, near Withcote, Leicestershire, England. It was probably built by King John in 1211 as a secluded hunting lodge in Leighfield Forest. It comprised a ringwork or shell keep, with an adjacent bailey; earthwork dams were constructed to flood the area around the castle, creating a large, shallow moat. The castle was occupied by the Count of Aumale in the early reign of Henry III, but it then remained in the control of the Crown and was used by royal foresters until it fell into disuse in the 14th century. By the end of the 17th century, its walls and buildings had been dismantled or destroyed, leaving only the earthworks, which remain in a good condition in the 21st century.

Rockingham Forest
Rockingham Forest is a former royal hunting forest primarily located in the English county of Northamptonshire, with a small section extending into neighbouring Cambridgeshire. It is an area of some 200 sq mi (500 km2) lying between the River Welland and River Nene and the towns of Stamford and Kettering. It has a rich and varied landscape, with farmland, open pasture, pockets of woodland and villages built from local stone.
Felled seam
A felled seam, or flat-fell seam, is a seam made by placing one edge inside a folded edge of fabric, then stitching the fold down. The fold encases the raw edges, which protects them from fraying. The fold may be secured with a topstitch or a whipstitch. It is useful for keeping seam allowances flat and covering raw edges.

The flat-felled seam is the type of seam used in making denim jeans, although it appears inside-out to reduce stitching. It is also used in traditional tipi construction.

There are flat-felled seams and lap-felled seams.
A flat-felled seam can be used on various fabrics, including delicate materials such as voile.

Topstitch
Topstitching is a sewing technique where the line of stitching is designed to be seen from the outside of the garment, either decorative or functional.

Topstitching is used most often on garment edges such as necklines and hems, where it helps facings to stay in place and gives a crisp edge. It can also be used to attach details like pockets or tabs on zippers, especially on bags. Decorative topstitching is designed to show, and may be done in a fancy thread or with a special type of stitch.  Otherwise, topstitching is generally done using a straight stitch with a thread that matches the fashion fabric.
Chloroplast membrane
Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function.  Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have a double-membrane envelope, called the chloroplast envelope, but unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts also have internal membrane structures called thylakoids. Furthermore, one or two additional membranes may enclose chloroplasts in organisms that underwent secondary endosymbiosis, such as the euglenids and chlorarachniophytes.

The chloroplasts come via endosymbiosis by engulfment of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium by the eukaryotic, already mitochondriate cell. Over millions of years the endosymbiotic cyanobacterium evolved structurally and functionally, retaining its own DNA and the ability to divide by binary fission (not mitotically) but giving up its autonomy by the transfer of some of its genes to the nuclear genome.

Biological membrane
A biological membrane or biomembrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes.