hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Maria Salviati
Portrait of Maria Salviati is an oil on panel painting attributed to Pontormo, executed c. 1543–1544, in the Uffizi, Florence.

It was acquired by the Uffizi early in the 20th century as a work by Domenico Beccafumi. Soon afterwards Lányi identified it as a portrait of Cosimo I's mother Maria Salviati by Pontormo mentioned in Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vasari. Gamba found a preparatory drawing in the Uffizi's Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe (n. 6503F), but argued that the painting was produced by another painter from drawings by Pontormo, whereas he argues that Portrait of Maria Salviati with a Boy (Walters Art Gallery) is in fact the original autograph work.

Noting that the woman in the drawing seems older, in 1956 Luciano Berti argues that the painting on panel may be an idealised produced after its subject's death. Berti later argued against it being an autograph work and instead attributed it to a 16th-century Sienese artist.

Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.  He built the Uffizi (office) to organize his administration, and conquered Siena to consolidate Florence's rule in Tuscany. He expanded the Pitti Palace and most of the Boboli Gardens were also laid out during his reign.
Castle Rock (Chelan County)
Castle Rock is an 8,166-foot (2,489-metre) mountain summit located on the shared border of Glacier Peak Wilderness and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area in the North Cascades of Washington state. The mountain is situated above the western shore of Lake Chelan in Chelan County, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Flora Mountain, 0.7 mi (1.1 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Lake Chelan via Castle Creek, Canyon Creek, and Bridal Veil Creek.  Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 7,066 feet (2,154 meters) above the lake in 2.5 mile (4 km).

Flora Mountain
Flora Mountain is a mountain summit in Washington in the Cascade Range in Washington state near the shores of Lake Chelan and 24 miles (39 km) south of the Canada–US border in the Glacier Peak Wilderness.

It has been described as a "desolate pile of loose gneiss."
1943 Copa del Generalísimo
The 1943 Copa del Generalísimo was the 41st staging of Copa del Rey. It was organized by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. There were a total of 32 teams participating. The competition began on 25 April 1943 and concluded on 20 June 1943 with the final, where Athletic Bilbao won their 14th title.

1943 Copa del Generalísimo final
The Copa del Generalísimo 1943 final was the 41st final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Metropolitano in Madrid, on 20 June 1943, being won by Club Atlético de Bilbao, who beat Real Madrid CF 1–0 after extra-time.
Diré
Diré is a town and commune on the left bank of the Niger River in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. In the 2009 census the population of the commune was 22,365. The town is the administrative center of the Diré Cercle.  There are several languages spoken, but the main language is Songhay. The population is predominantly Muslim. Situated on the Niger River, the principal industries are agriculture and commerce.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
John Smith (cricketer, born 1843)
John Smith (born 20 November 1843 – 15 April 1873) was an English cricketer with professional status. He was associated with Cambridge Town Club and represented both the North in North v South fixtures and the Players in Gentlemen v Players fixtures. Smith was a right-handed batsman who is recorded in 75 matches from 1863 to 1872, totalling 2,274 runs with a highest score of 97, one of six half-centuries, and holding 33 catches. His brother, George, was also a cricketer.

North v South
The North of England and South of England cricket teams appeared in matches between the 1836 and 1961 seasons, most often playing against each other but also individually in games against touring teams, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and others. Until international cricket became firmly established towards the end of the 19th century, the North v South match was one of the major fixtures in the cricketing calendar along with Gentlemen v Players. Indeed, North v South was really the major fixture because it could potentially showcase the best 22 players in the country, whereas Gentlemen teams in the other match were often very weak.

In all, there were 155 North v South matches. The South won 62; the North won 55; 37 were drawn, and one match in 1889 was abandoned.
Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine
Iowa State University's College of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1879, and is the oldest veterinary college in the United States.  Iowa State has graduated 6,400 veterinarians and is one of the largest veterinary research facilities in the nation.

Campus of Iowa State University
The Iowa State University campus contains over 160 buildings, several of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Iowa State University's campus, specifically its Central Campus, has been recognized as one of the nation's most beautiful and was listed as a "medallion site" by the American Society of Landscape Architects in 1999.
Lingbao West railway station
The Lingbao West railway station (Chinese: 灵宝西站) is a railway station of Zhengxi Passenger Railway located in Lingbao City, Henan, China. The station was among the eight new passenger stations and one passing stations commissioned for the Zhengzhou‒Xi’an Railway project. Construction for this project reportedly commenced on 25 September 2005. Trial operations reportedly started on 28 December 2009, and commencement of commercial operations on 6 February 2010.

The station building has received criticism for its appearance. It has been listed by Hong Kong–based English language news media publishing group Asia Times as an “undisputed eyesore“.

The station is serviced by the G-train on the Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway. Departing from Xuzhou to Lanzhou, it is preceded by the station of Sanmenxia South, and followed by the Huashan North station.

Huashan North railway station
The Huashan North railway station (Chinese: 华山北站) is a railway station located in Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi, China. There is 5 km from Mount Hua spots, travel bus from there can take you to Huashan visitor center. It was opened on 6 February 2010, along with the Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway.
Contemporary Arts Center
The Contemporary Arts Center (abbreviated CAC) is a contemporary art museum in Cincinnati, Ohio and one of the first contemporary art institutions in the United States. The CAC is a non-collecting museum that focuses on new developments in painting, sculpture, photography, architecture, performance art and new media. Focusing on programming that reflects "the art of the last five minutes", the CAC has displayed the works of many now-famous artists early in their careers, including Andy Warhol. In 2003, the CAC moved to a new building designed by Zaha Hadid.

Bernard Tschumi
Bernard Tschumi (born 25 January 1944 in Lausanne, Switzerland) is an architect, writer, and educator, commonly associated with deconstructivism. Son of the well-known Swiss architect Jean Tschumi and a French mother, Tschumi is a dual French-Swiss national who works and lives in New York City and Paris. He studied in Paris and at ETH in Zurich, where he received his degree in architecture in 1969.
Adziogol Lighthouse
The Adziogol Lighthouse (Ukrainian: Аджигольський маяк), also known as Stanislav–Adzhyhol Lighthouse or Stanislav Range Rear light, is one of two vertical lattice hyperboloid structures of steel bars, serving as active lighthouses in Dnieper Estuary, Ukraine. It is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the city of Kherson. At a height of 211 feet (64 m), it is the sixteenth-tallest "traditional lighthouse" in the world as well as the tallest in Ukraine.

Hyperboloid structure
Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed using a hyperboloid in one sheet. Often these are tall structures, such as towers, where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high above the ground. Hyperboloid geometry is often used for decorative effect as well as structural economy. The first hyperboloid structures were built by Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939), including the Shukhov Tower in Polibino, Dankovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia.
V Coronae Borealis
V Coronae Borealis (V CrB) is a Mira-type long period variable star and carbon star in the constellation Corona Borealis. Its apparent magnitude varies between 6.9 and 12.6 over a period of 357 days.

Based on a period of 357 days, the absolute magnitude of V Coronae Borealis has been calculated to be -4.62. It is estimated to be 880 pc (2,900 ly) from Earth based on parallax, has a luminosity of 5,300 L☉ and a rather cool effective temperature of 1,800 K, these implying a very large radius of about 750 R☉, making V Coronae Borealis one of the largest stars so far discovered. If placed in the center of the Solar System, its size would engulf all rocky planets and reach parts of the asteroid belt.

Carbon star
A carbon star (C-type star) is typically an asymptotic giant branch star, a luminous red giant, whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen. The two elements combine in the upper layers of the star, forming carbon monoxide, which consumes most of the oxygen in the atmosphere, leaving carbon atoms free to form other carbon compounds, giving the star a "sooty" atmosphere and a strikingly ruby red appearance. There are also some dwarf and supergiant carbon stars, with the more common giant stars sometimes being called classical carbon stars to distinguish them.

In most stars (such as the Sun), the atmosphere is richer in oxygen than carbon. Ordinary stars not exhibiting the characteristics of carbon stars but cool enough to form carbon monoxide are therefore called oxygen-rich stars.

Carbon stars have quite distinctive spectral characteristics, and they were first recognized by their spectra by Angelo Secchi in the 1860s, a pioneering time in astronomical spectroscopy.
OE 36
OE 36 is a class of 36 ft sailing yachts, designed in 1968 by Olle Enderlein (1917–1993), from whom the "OE" signature stems. The design is characteristic of the 1970s, with a distinct width at the middle of the hull, a narrow stern and bow, medium long fin keel and a skeg in front of the rudder.

A majority of the OE 36 yachts were co-built by the owners and professional boat builders at Sundsör Shipyard AB in Oxelösund, Sweden, where the builders rented the molds at the shipyard. As of 2008, the Swedish LYS handicap rating of the boat was 1.13.

Sailing yacht
A sailing yacht (US ship prefixes SY or S/Y), is a yacht that uses sails as its primary means of propulsion. The term applies to recreational sailing vessels as opposed to a "boat".

Sailing yachts are actively used in sport and are among categories recognized by the governing body of sailing sports, World Sailing.
Andrey Smirnov (general)
Andrey Kirillovich Smirnov (Russian: Андрей Кириллович Смирнов; August 27, 1895 – October 8, 1941) was a Soviet general who served as commander of the 18th Army, during World War II, lieutenant general (June 4, 1940).

Praporshchik
Praporshchik (Russian: прапорщик, IPA: [ˈprapərɕːɪk], lit. 'ensign') is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to michman in the corresponding navies. It is usually equivalent to warrant officer class 1 or sergeant major in English-speaking armies. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-7 or OR-8.
Christiaan de Bruin
Christiaan Pieter de Bruin (born 20 January 1993) is a South African rugby union player, who most recently played with the Eastern Province Kings in domestic rugby. His regular position is flanker but he can also play as a lock.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Nahant Civic Historic District
The Nahant Civic Historic District consists of three civic buildings in the center of Nahant, Massachusetts.   The town hall is an H-shaped Colonial Revival structure built in 1912 to a design by the Boston firm of Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul.  The library, which stands across the street, was built in 1895 in a Jacobethan (English) Revival style, its exterior made of ashlar granite with sandstone trim.  Next to the town hall stands a small commercial block, a two-story Colonial Revival building built around the turn of the 20th century, whose tenants include the local post office.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Nahant, Massachusetts
Nahant (/nə.ˈhɑːnt/, nə-HAANT) is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States.  The population was 3,334 at the 2020 census, which makes it the smallest municipality by population in Essex County. With just 1.0 square mile (2.7 km2) of land area, it is also the smallest municipality by area in the state and is primarily a residential community.  The town is situated on a peninsula consisting of two near-islands (known as "Little Nahant" and "Big Nahant" respectively) connected to the mainland by a narrow sandy isthmus traversed by a single causeway known as "Nahant Road".  Numerous tourist beaches line the shores, with the most popular being the so-called "Long Beach" and "Short Beach" along the eastern side of the causeway.
Kutari River
Kutari River, also called Cutari Rivier, Kutari Creek or Cutari Creek, is a small river on the southeastern border of Guyana and the southwestern region of Suriname. The location of the river is part of the disputed Tigri Area in the extreme South East region of Suriname.

The river has its source in the Acarai Mountains that border Brazil. Together with the Sipaliwini River the Kutari flows out in the Coeroeni River, where the village of Kwamalasamutu is within ten kilometers eastwards as the crow flies. To the north, the Kutari and the Coeroenie successively form the rivers on the eastern border of the Tigri Area. According to Guyana and the United Kingdom, this is the frontier of both countries; according to Suriname the border must be drawn at the New River.

Sipaliwini River
Sipaliwini River is a river of Suriname, the main source of the Courantyne River. It gives its name to the village of Sipaliwini Savanna and to the Sipaliwini District. It flows through the village of Kwamalasamutu. The name translates to thornback ray (sipari) river in the local Maroon dialect.
Sangyuan, Shandong
Sangyuan (simplified Chinese: 桑园; traditional Chinese: 桑園; pinyin: Sāngyuán) is a town under the administration of Ju County in Shandong, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and six villages under its administration.

Ju County
Ju County or Juxian (simplified Chinese: 莒县; traditional Chinese: 莒縣; pinyin: Jǔ Xiàn) is a county of Rizhao City, in the south of Shandong, China. As of the end of 2021, the total registered population of Ju County was 1.167 million. It covers an area of 1,821 km2 (703 sq mi).

The Fulaishan Scenic Area (浮来山景区; Fúláishān Jǐngqū) is located on the western border of Ju County. It is noteworthy for an ancient ginkgo tree that grows in the center of the front yard of Dinglin Temple (定林寺; Dìnglín Sì) and is believed to be nearly 4000 years old. The tree is 26.7 meters high and 15.7 meters thick, covering an area of more than 600 square meters. In 1982, UNESCO conducted a special study on this tree and broadcast its close-up to the world.
2001 Kvalserien
The 2001 Kvalserien was the 27th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined two teams of the participating ones would play in the 2001–02 Elitserien season and which four teams would play in the 2001–02 Allsvenskan season.

Kvalserien
Kvalserien, also known as Kvalserien till SHL, was the Swedish round-robin ice hockey tournament to qualify for play in the next season of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL, previously named Elitserien), Sweden's top-level ice hockey league for men. It was replaced by a playoff round in the 2014–15 season.
Hyundai Eon
The Hyundai Eon is a city car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai. It was launched on 13 October 2011 in India, March 2012 in the Philippines, June 2012 in Vietnam, and June 2014 in Sri Lanka. It was also sold in Honduras, Nepal, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Chile, Peru, Panama, and Colombia. It was discontinued in India and other markets in 2019. It is also called the Hyundai Atos Eon in several markets.

The Eon was produced in India at Hyundai's Chennai plant for the domestic and export markets as the company's entry level city car, positioned below the Hyundai i10 and Hyundai Atos. It was only exported throughout Latin America, Africa and several Asian countries.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Oak–heath forest
An oak–heath forest is a plant community association and type of forest ecology. It is a deciduous forest type of well-drained, acidic soils, characterized by oaks (Quercus) and plants of the heath family (Ericaceae). It is commonly found in the high elevations of the eastern United States.  Such forest areas typically have a dense fibrous root layer at the surface of the soil, and in many areas predominate on south-facing or southwest-facing slopes. Many of the existing oak–heath forests once featured American chestnut (Castanea dentata) as an important canopy species before being decimated by blight. The chestnut populations still exist today as sprouts, though they rarely reach maturity.

Stratification (vegetation)
In ecology, stratification refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of vegetation largely according to the different heights to which their plants grow. The individual layers are inhabited by different animal and plant communities (stratozones).
Balshavik, Gomel region
Balshavik (Belarusian: Бальшавік, romanized: Baĺšavik; Russian: Большевик, romanized: Bolshevik) is an urban-type settlement (a work settlement) in Gomel District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2025, it has a population of 2,795.

Gomel district
Gomel district or Homyel district (Belarusian: Гомельскі раён, romanized: Homieĺski rajon; Russian: Гомельский район) is a district (raion) of Gomel Region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel, which is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, it has a population of 69,015. Economically, the Gomel Region, which includes the Gomel District, is a major industrial and agricultural hub in Belarus. The core economy encompasses agriculture, forestry, and manufacturing.
Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation
The investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 began after Pan Am Flight 103, en route from Frankfurt to Detroit with stopovers in London and New York City, was blown up at 19:03 on 21 December 1988 over Lockerbie in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The perpetrators had intended the plane to crash into the sea, destroying any traceable evidence, but the late departure time of the aircraft meant that its explosion over land left a veritable trail of evidence.  The investigation led to the prosecution, conviction, and imprisonment of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi.

Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
The Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government, established by the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (as amended by the Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997).

The commission has the statutory power to refer cases dealt with on indictment (ie solemn procedure cases) to the High Court of Justiciary. This was extended to include summary cases by Statutory Instrument on 31 March 1999, immediately before the Commission took up its role in April 1999.

Though funded by the Scottish Government, investigations are carried out independently of Scottish Ministers, with the Commission being accountable to the Scottish Parliament on matters of finance and administration.
MACBETH project
The MACBETH project is an innovation action project, funded by the European Commission in the Horizon 2020 initiative (Grant agreement ID: GA 869896). The goal of the project is to validate the industrial applicability of membrane reactor technology through the long-term operation of demo plants for the processes of hydroformylation, hydrogen production from steam reforming and propylene production via propane dehydrogenation at technology readiness level 7. In addition, the consortium aims to transfer this technology to biotechnology, in the selective enzymatic enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.
Victorian Railways C class
The C class is a mainline goods locomotive of the 2-8-0 'Consolidation' type that ran on the Victorian Railways between 1918 and 1962. Although its original design had some key shortcomings, a number of improvements were made over the class' long career on the VR, many of which were subsequently applied to other locomotive classes on the system.

Deniliquin railway line
The Deniliquin railway line (also known as the Bendigo railway line or the Echuca railway line) is a broad-gauge railway line serving north-western Victoria, Australia. The line runs from the New South Wales town of Deniliquin into Bendigo, before turning south-south-east towards Melbourne, terminating in Docklands near the central business district. It is a major trunk line both for passenger and freight trains, with many lines branching off from it.