hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colen Ferguson
Colen Ferguson (died August 6, 1917) was an American politician who served as the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Delaware, from January 21, 1913, to January 16, 1917, under Governor Charles R. Miller.

Ferguson was a member of the Delaware Senate for the Democratic Party. He died aged 82 at his farm in Blackbird on August 6, 1917.

Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
The lieutenant governor of Delaware is the second-ranking executive officer of the U.S. state of Delaware. Lieutenant governors are elected for a term of four years in the same general election as the U.S. president, and assume the office on the third Tuesday in January following their election.

Among the primary responsibilities of the lieutenant governor is to assume the governorship in the event it becomes vacant. Lieutenant governors serve as the president of the Delaware Senate, where they are tasked with casting tie-breaking votes. They also hold a seat on the Delaware Board of Pardons.

Lieutenant governors are elected separately from governors in Delaware, though historically nominees of the same party have run as a unified ticket. The office's current occupant, Kyle Evans Gay, was sworn in on January 21, 2025.
Malcolm Colmer
Christianity portal

Malcolm John Colmer (15 February 1945 – 24 March 2024) was an Anglican priest.

Colmer was educated at the University of Sussex after which he was a Scientific Officer at RAE Bedford.  He studied for the priesthood at St John's College, Nottingham and was ordained  in  1974. After curacies in Egham and  Chadwell he held incumbencies at Lewes. He was Area Dean of Islington from 1990 to 1995;Archdeacon of Middlesex from 1996 to 2005; and Archdeacon of Hereford from 2005 until his retirement in 2010.

Colmer died on 24 March 2024, at the age of 79.

Archdeacon of Middlesex
The Archdeacon of Middlesex is a senior cleric in the Church of England, co-responsible for the Archdeaconry of "Middlesex", which mirrors the "Kensington" episcopal area of the Diocese of London — the other person responsible being the Bishop of Kensington.
2020–21 Hyderabad C.A. season
The 2020–21 season is Hyderabad cricket team's 87th competitive season. The Hyderabad cricket team is senior men's domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, India, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association (HCA). They represent the state of Telangana in domestic competitions.

Hyderabad Cricket Association
Hyderabad Cricket Association is the governing body of cricket activities in Hyderabad and other districts in the state of Telangana in India and the Hyderabad cricket team. It is an affiliated member of the Board of Control for Cricket in India. The association was founded in 1934 and has been affiliated to the BCCI ever since.

The HCA operates the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Hyderabad, which hosts International level Test, ODI and T20 cricket matches.
Prototyphis eos
Prototyphis eos is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

There are two subspecies :

Prototyphis eos eos (Hutton, 1873)

Prototyphis eos paupereques (Powell, 1974) (synonym : Prototyphis paupereques (Powell, 1974))

Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognized. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, although experts disagree about the subfamily divisions and the definitions of the genera.
Many muricids have unusual shells which are considered attractive by shell collectors and by interior designers.
Agudotherium
Agudotherium is an extinct genus of probainognathian cynodonts from the Late Triassic Candelária Formation of the Paraná Basin in southern Brazil. The genus contains one species, Agudotherium gassenae. A. gassenae is known from three specimens, all consisting of partial lower jaws.

Paraná Basin
The Paraná Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Paraná, Spanish: Cuenca del Paraná) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America. About 75% of its areal distribution occurs in Brazil, from Mato Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul states. The remainder area is distributed in eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and northern Uruguay. The shape of the depression is roughly elliptical and covers an area of about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi).

The Paraná River, from which the Paraná Basin derived its name, flows along the central axis of the Paraná Basin and drains it.
Prince Parnaoz of Georgia
Parnaoz (Georgian: ფარნაოზი; Russian: Парнаоз Ираклиевич Грузинский, Parnaoz Irakliyevich Gruzinsky) (14 February 1777 – 30 March 1852) was a Georgian prince (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty, the 14th son of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Kartli and Kakheti, by his third marriage to Queen Darejan Dadiani. Parnaoz tried to challenge the recently established Imperial Russian rule in Georgia and in 1804 headed an unsuccessful insurrection of the Georgian mountaineers in the course of which he was arrested and deported to Russia. Afterwards, he spent most of his life in St. Petersburg, becoming the first Georgian translator of the 18th-century French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Gruzinsky
Gruzinsky (Russian: Грузинский; Georgian: გრუზინსკი) was a title and later the name of two different princely lines of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia, both of which received it as subjects of the Russian Empire. The name "Gruzinsky" (also spelled Gruzinski or Gruzinskii) derives from the Russian language, originally and literally meaning "of Georgia". Of the two lines, the younger one is the only line that still exists.
Air stagnation
Air stagnation is a meteorological condition that occurs when there is a lack of atmospheric movement, leading to the accumulation of pollutants and particles that can decline the air quality in a particular region. This condition typically correlates with air pollution and poor air quality due to the possible health risks it can cause to humans and the environment. Due to light winds and lack of precipitation, pollutants cannot be cleared from the air, either gaseous (such as ozone) or particulate (such as soot or dust).

Soot
Soot (/sʊt/ suut) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke classified as cokes or char. It can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals like mercury.

Soot causes various types of cancer and lung disease.
Muhasil
Muhasil (Turkish: muhassıl) was a title in the administration of the Ottoman Empire, for an official in charge of finance and taxes in the sanjak (second-level administrative unit), and also in some cases an official in charge of the collection of a specific tax (dubbed "tax farmer").

Provincial muhasil (muhassil-i emval): appointed by the Porte to assess and collect taxes in the sanjak on behalf of the Imperial treasury. The Sultan came to confer the title to the Pasha of the Sanjak, as a tenure-long duty and right.

Tax farming (iltizām): the tax farm of a muqata'ah (land parcel) was issued to the highest bidder, the mīrī (state-controlled land) tax collection was entrusted to the mültezim (holder of iltizām) who was referred to as muhassıl.

Muqata'ah
Under the Ottoman Empire, Muqata'ah or Mukata'a were hass-ı hümayun, parcels of land owned by the Ottoman crown. These were distributed through the iltizam auction system; rights to collect revenue from the land were sold to the highest bidder, eventually for the life of the buyer. As the Ottoman Empire began to move into the early modern period, vacant timars, instead of being reassigned, were often added to the iltizam system, paving the way for a fundamental change in the Ottoman fiscal system into a monetized system, and allowing various power-brokers to involve themselves in the Ottoman bureaucracy, which had previously been limited to the kul.

This both opened up the echelons of power to those previously excluded, and also served to move power away from the sultan and to a larger group of nobles who now had a more permanent grasp on power, and the ability to perpetuate their wealth.
Order topology (functional analysis)
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, the order topology of an ordered vector space  is the finest locally convex topological vector space (TVS) topology on  for which every order interval is bounded, where an order interval in  is a set of the form  where  and  belong to

The order topology is an important topology that is used frequently in the theory of ordered topological vector spaces because the topology stems directly from the algebraic and order theoretic properties of  rather than from some topology that  starts out having. 
This allows for establishing intimate connections between this topology and the algebraic and order theoretic properties of  
For many ordered topological vector spaces that occur in analysis, their topologies are identical to the order topology.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Golden Arrow Bus Services
Golden Arrow Bus Services (commonly referred to as Golden Arrow, and abbreviated to GABS) is one of two major public transport bus service operators in Cape Town, South Africa. The private company provides commuter bus services throughout a large part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan area.

Founded in 1861, and owned by South African holding company Hosken Consolidated Investments, the company operates a fleet of around 1,200 electric and diesel buses on 1,300 routes, with a daily ridership of around 220,000 people. As of mid-2025, the company employed over 2,500 people.

Bus garage
A bus garage, also known as a bus depot, bus base or bus barn, is a facility where buses are stored and maintained. In many conurbations, bus garages are on the site of former car barns or tram sheds, where trams (streetcars) were stored, and the operation transferred to buses. In other areas, garages were built to replace horsebus yards or on virgin sites when populations were not as high as now.
Streu (Franconian Saale)
The Streu is a river of Thuringia and Bavaria, Germany.

The Streu arises in Thuringian part of the Rhön Mountains, below the Ellenbogen mountain, northwest of Melpers. It flows southeast for about 29 km (18 mi) through Ostheim to Mellrichstadt, then flows southwest for another 13 km (8.1 mi) to join the Franconian Saale at Heustreu near Bad Neustadt. From Fladungen to Mellrichstadt the Streu proceed through a valley, 2–4 km (1.2–2.5 mi) wide, between low hills.  This region is known locally as the Streutal.

The Streu is too small and shallow for navigation but its lower reaches below Mellrichstadt are suitable for light boating and kayaking. The Streu occasionally floods, especially in spring when the snow melts on the Rhön Mountains. These floods are not generally destructive in the Streutal, but can contribute to more serious flooding downstream on the Franconian Saale.

Melpers
Melpers (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛlpɐs]) is a village and a former municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Kaltennordheim.
Jeffrey Weeks (sociologist)
Jeffrey Weeks OBE is a historian and sociologist specialising in work on sexuality. He is among the academics in the early period of gay men's studies in Britain that emerged from the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) which he joined in 1970 and the Gay Left of which he was a founding member. He has been described as "the most significant British intellectual working on sexuality to emerge from the radical sexual movements of the 1970s.”

Gay Left
Gay Left was a collective of gay men and a journal of the same name which they published every six months in London between the years 1975 and 1980. It was formed after the dissolution of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Marxist Group. Gay Left formed out of a reading group made up of members of the defunct Gay Marxist group.

Its goal was to contribute towards a Marxist analysis of homosexual oppression and to encourage in the gay movement an understanding of the links between the struggle against sexual oppression and the struggle for socialism.

The journal Gay Left initially described itself as "A Socialist Journal Produced by Gay Men", which evolved into "A Gay Socialist Journal" by the magazine's end, reflecting the internal debates that ran throughout Gay Left's life between the collective and lesbians who, though none ever joined the collective, frequently contributed articles.
Pilia gens
The gens Pilia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  None of the Pilii attained any of the higher magistracies of the Roman state, and members of this gens are known primarily through the writings of Cicero, who was acquainted with a family of this name; but many others are known from inscriptions.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Active Exploits
Active Exploits is a diceless set of role-playing game rules by Precis Intermedia Gaming. The core rules (which contain no setting) are distributed for free as a PDF file, or for a fee as a printed book. There are a number of published game settings and official game conversions which use these rules.

The system is considered innovative, but more in common with GURPS and Unisystem, rather than other diceless games such as Amber and Nobilis

The game has options for freeform and live action role-playing, as well as for converting the game to other systems.  Ample conversion rules allow the adaptation of the engine to a number of commercial systems.

Nobilis
Nobilis is a contemporary fantasy tabletop role-playing game created by Jenna K. Moran. Early editions were published under Moran's previous names, Rebecca Sean Borgstrom and R. Sean Borgstrom. The player characters are "Sovereign Powers" called the Nobilis; each Noble is the personification of an abstract concept or class of things such as Time, Death, cars, or communication. Unlike most role-playing games, Nobilis does not use dice or other random elements to determine the outcome of characters' actions, but instead uses a point-based system for task resolution.
Expressway S6 (Poland)
Expressway S6 (in Polish droga ekspresowa S6) is a Polish highway which has been planned to run from the A6 autostrada near Szczecin, through Koszalin to Gdańsk, parallel to the Baltic coast, forming the main connection between Gdańsk and Szczecin.

As of 2025, the sections from Szczecin to Słupsk and from Bożepole Wielkie to Gdańsk are open. The remaining part from Słupsk to Bożepole Wielkie is under construction and is due to open in the first quarter of 2026.

Upon completion of the ongoing contracts in 2026, A6/S6 will be open on its entire intended route from the German border to Gdańsk. Later, a new route of S6 will be constructed to form the western bypass of Szczecin, providing a parallel alternative to the existing route of A6 and S6 south-east of Szczecin.

Bożepole Wielkie
Bożepole Wielkie [bɔʐɛˈpɔlɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] (Kashubian: Wiôldżé Bòżé Pòlé; German: Groß Boschpol) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyce, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
187 Lamberta
187 Lamberta is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Corsican-born French astronomer Jérôme Eugène Coggia on April 11, 1878, and named after the astronomer Johann Heinrich Lambert. It was the second of Coggia's five asteroid discoveries.

The spectrum matches a classification of a C-type asteroid, which may mean it has a composition of primitive carbonaceous materials. It is a dark object as indicated by the low albedo and has an estimated size of about 131 km.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Pokachi
Pokachi (Russian: Покачи) is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vatyegan River, 350 kilometers (220 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 800 kilometers (500 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population:  17,171 (2010 Census); 17,017 (2002 Census); 11,536 (1989 Soviet census).

Khanty-Mansiysk
Khanty-Mansiysk (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йск; Khanty: Ёмвоҷ, Jomvoćś; Mansi: Абга, Abga) is a city in west-central Siberia in Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

With 101,466 estimated inhabitants, Khanty-Mansiysk is among Russia's few regional capitals that are not the largest cities in their surrounding area, as it is surpassed in population by Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk and Nefteyugansk.
Techtron
Techtron Appliances was an Australian electronics manufacturer established in 1938 by Mr Geoffrey S.V. Frew. It manufactured electronic equipment to order in North Melbourne, Australia.  The name was derived from the words 'Technical' and 'Electronic'.

Varian, Inc.
Varian, Inc. was one of the largest manufacturers of scientific instruments for the scientific industry. They had offerings over a broad range of chemical analysis equipment, with a particular focus on Information Rich Detection and Vacuum technology. Varian was spun off from Varian Associates in 1999 and was purchased by Agilent Technologies in May 2010 for $1.5 billion, or $52 per share.

Varian Inc. had its corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California, and offices in Australia, the Benelux countries, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Russia, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Sumner Academy of Arts & Science
Sumner Academy of Arts and Science is a magnet school in Kansas City, Kansas and is operated by the Kansas City USD 500 school district.  Named for abolitionist Charles Sumner, it started in 1905 during a period of racial tension as a segregated school for black ("Negro") students, which offered vocational training, but emphasized college-preparatory training.  Located at 1610 N. 8th Street, the current architecturally significant complex began with its Art Deco core in 1937, but has been repeatedly expanded.  The segregated Sumner High School closed in 1978, converting at that time to its present high-challenge magnet program. Formerly known as the Charles Sumner School, Charles Sumner High School, and the Charles Sumner Academy.

Kansas State High School Activities Association
The Kansas State High School Activities Association (KSHSAA) is the organization which oversees interscholastic competition in the U.S. state of Kansas at the high-school level. It oversees both athletic and non-athletic competition, and sponsors championships in several sports and activities.
Leshnicë e Poshtme
Leshnicë e Poshtme (Albanian definite form: Leshnica e Poshtme; Greek: Κάτω Λεσινίτσα, Kato Lesinitsa) is a village in the Vlorë County in Albania, adjacent to the Greek-Albanian borders. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Finiq. It is located less than 1 km north-west of the Greek border.

Finiq
Finiq (Albanian: Finiq, Albanian definite form: Finiqi, Greek: Φοινίκη, romanized: Foiniki) is a settlement, considered a town or village, and municipality in Vlorë County, in southern Albania located 8 km from the Ionian Sea and 20 km north of the Greek border. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former communes Aliko, Dhivër, Livadhja, Mesopotam, and Finiq itself. It is inhabited by ethnic Greeks and is one of two municipalities in Albania in which Greeks form a majority, alongside Dropull. The seat of the municipality is the village Dërmish. The total population is 10,529 (2011 census), in a total area of 444.28 km2.

The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 1,333; according to the civil offices, which count all citizens including those who live abroad, was 6,780 (2011 estimate).
Mario Gómez (footballer, born 1957)
Roberto Carlos Mario Gómez (born 27 February 1957) is an Argentine football manager and former player who currently head coach of Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings.

Gómez has been known as Roberto Gómez during his playing career and as Mario Gómez during his coaching career.

2014 Lunar New Year Cup
The 88th 2014 Lunar New Year Cup (Chinese: 馬年賀歲盃), also known as the Lunar New Year AET Cup 2014 (Chinese: 2014年AET賀歲盃) due to sponsorship reason, is the annual football event held in Hong Kong in Lunar New Year. Citizen are authorised by the Hong Kong Football Association to hold the event.
Regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States
Discussions on regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States have included topics such as the timeliness of regulating AI, the nature of the federal regulatory framework to govern and promote AI, including what agency should lead, the regulatory and governing powers of that agency, and how to update regulations in the face of rapidly changing technology, as well as the roles of state governments and courts.

Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating artificial intelligence (AI). The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions worldwide, including for international organizations without direct enforcement power like the IEEE or the OECD.

Since 2016, numerous AI ethics guidelines have been published in order to maintain social control over the technology. Furthermore, organizations deploying AI have a central role to play in creating and implementing trustworthy AI, adhering to established principles, and taking accountability for mitigating risks. The European Union adopted in 2024 a common legal framework for AI with the AI Act.