hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fumarium
A fumarium was a smoke chamber used in ancient Rome to enhance the flavor of wine through artificially "aging" the wine. Amphorae were placed in the chamber, which was built on top of a heated hearth, in order to impart a smoky flavor in the wine that also seemed to sharpen the acidity. The wine would sometimes come out of the fumarium with a paler color. In his book Vintage: The Story of Wine, Hugh Johnson noted that Pliny the Elder and Columella did not recommend that "first-growth wines" like Falernian, Caecuban, and Alban be smoked.

Alban wine
Alban wine is a notable wine of Ancient Rome that was grown in the Colli Albani (Alban Hills) region, 20 kilometres (12 mi) Southeast of Rome, at the foot of Mt. Albus. The area is now occupied by the modern day papal residence of Castelgandolfo. The land was praised by Columella: "For there is no doubt that, of all the vines that the earth sustains, those of the Massic, Surrentine, Alban, and Caecuban lands hold first place in the excellence of their wine" (De re rustica, III.8.5).

Dionysius of Halicarnassus noted the quality of the area's wine as he wrote: "Lying below the city are plains marvelous to behold and rich in producing wines and fruits of all sorts in no degree inferior to the rest of Italy, and particularly what they call the Alban wine, which is sweet and excellent and, with the exception of the Falernian, certainly superior to all others." (Roman Antiquities Book 1).
Toivo Wiherheimo
Toivo Antero Wiherheimo (13 July 1898 in Helsinki – 5 March 1970 in Helsinki; surname until 1906 Grönhag) was a Finnish economist and politician. He served as Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry from 17 November 1953 to 4 May 1954 and again from 29 August 1958 to 13 January 1959, Minister of Defence from 29 August 1958 to 13 January 1959 and Minister of Trade and Industry from 13 April 1962 to 17 December 1963 and again from 12 September 1964 to 27 May 1966.

He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1966, representing the National Coalition Party.

Minister of Defence (Finland)
The Minister of Defence (Finnish: puolustusministeri, Swedish: försvarsminister) is a member of the Finnish Council of State. As the head of the Ministry of Defence, the minister is responsible for the administration of national defence. The ministry is headquartered in Helsinki. The current Minister of Defence is Antti Häkkänen.

From June to November 1918 the post was called Chief of the War Department, and from then until 1922 the post was called the Minister of War.

The President of the Republic is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces. The commander of the military forces is the Chief of Defence.
Santa Rosa City Schools
Santa Rosa City Schools are the combination of two school districts in Santa Rosa, California: the Santa Rosa Elementary School District (grades K-6) and the Santa Rosa High School District (grades 7–12). The combined districts have over 16,000 students in nine elementary schools, five middle schools, six high schools (including one alternative high school), one K-8 arts charter school, one 5-6 accelerated charter school, one Spanish language dual immersion charter school, one French language dual immersion charter school, and several child care programs. Eight other elementary school districts, Bellevue Union, Bennett Valley Union, Kenwood, Mark West Union, Piner-Olivet, Rincon Valley Union, Roseland Union, and Wright, feed into the high school district.

Kenwood School District
Kenwood Elementary School District  is a public school district based in Sonoma County, California, United States. Kenwood Elementary School District is composed of one school called Kenwood Elementary. The district served 111 students in the 2023-2024 school year.
2025 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2025 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS), is the 32nd Summer Grand Prix season for men and the 14th for women as the most important series of ski jumping competitions in the summer and autumn of 2025.

On 10 August 2025 in Courchevel (and later in Wisła), a new competition format called High Five was introduced for both men and women. In the men’s events, 50 athletes are divided into 10 groups, with the top two from each group advancing to the final, along with five additional "lucky losers". Only the results from the final round are counted. The women’s format follows the same rules, with 40 athletes divided into eight groups. The competitions in Hinzenbach (men only) and Klingenthal will feature a combined setup: an ice inrun track paired with a plastic landing area.

FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix is a summer circuit yearly arranged by International Ski Federation. This competition for men was first arranged in 1994 and for the first time for women in 2012. The competition is held on ski jumps with artificial surfaces. There are about 10 competitions per season, held in the months between July and October. Regular venues for the competition are Courchevel, Hakuba, Einsiedeln, Wisła, Hinterzarten and Klingenthal. First official mixed team event with four jumpers (two men and two women) was organized in 2012. The most successful participants are Adam Małysz and Thomas Morgenstern, each having won the Grand Prix three times.

A similar level of competition held in winter is the World Cup; the lower circuits include the Continental Cup, the FIS Cup, the FIS Race and the Alpen Cup.
Danny Owens
Daniel Owens (born 1959) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. At club level he played with Kilcormac–Killoughey and at inter-county level with the Offaly senior hurling team. Owens is also a former elected representative with Offaly County Council.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
The Cornerhouse, Nottingham
The Cornerhouse is a leisure complex in the city centre of Nottingham, England.

Built on the former site of Nottingham's local paper, The Nottingham Evening Post, its attractions include a number of bars and restaurants, a multi-screen cinema operated by Vue, a large nightclub called Unit 13, Axe throwing, an array of Bars and Restaurants and an indoor adventure golf course.

It is smaller than its neighbouring complexes — Victoria Centre, the Royal Concert Hall and the Theatre Royal — but is bigger than the recently built Trinity Square development.

Victoria Centre
The Victoria Centre is a shopping centre and social housing complex in Nottingham, England, constructed by Taylor Woodrow between 1967 and 1972. It contains fashion and high street chain stores as well as cafes, restaurants, and the Nottingham Victoria bus station.
GPM (software)
GPM ("General Purpose Mouse") software provides support for mouse devices in Linux virtual consoles. It is included in most Linux distributions.

ncurses supports GPM; many applications use ncurses mouse-support.
Other applications that work with GPM include Midnight Commander, Emacs, and JED.

Ncurses
ncurses (new curses) is a programming library for creating textual user interfaces (TUIs) that work across a wide variety of terminals. It is written in a way that attempts to optimize the commands that are sent to the terminal, to reduce the latency experienced when updating the displayed content.

ncurses is a free and open-source software emulation of curses from System V Release 4.0 (SVr4).

There are bindings for ncurses in a variety of programming languages, including Ada, Common Lisp, Python, Gambas, Ruby, PHP, JavaScript, Perl, Object REXX (ooRexx) and Rust.
Mesogondolella
Mesogondolella is an extinct genus of conodonts.

The species M. daheshenensis and M. subgracilis are from the Permian (probably Wordian) of the Daheshen Formation in China.

The top of the Sakmarian stage (the base of the Artinskian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Sweetognathus whitei and Mesogondolella bisselli first appear.

Sweetognathus
Sweetognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Sweetognathidae that evolved at the beginning of the Permian period (298.9 Ma), in near-equatorial, shallow-water seas.

The genus is characterized by pustulose ornamentation on a wide, flat-topped carina. It originated in the earliest Permian as S. expansus from Diplognathodus edentulus. Sweetognathus forms a species complex. The genus is named after paleontologist Walter C. Sweet.

Recurrent parallel species pairs have occurred throughout Sweetognathus evolution between populations originating in Bolivia, the Midwestern United States, and Russia. Parallelisms have been found to occur in the denticle morphologies of their platform elements.
Bill McGill
Bill "the Hill" McGill (September 16, 1939 – July 11, 2014) was an American basketball player best known for inventing the jump hook. McGill was the No. 1 overall pick of the 1962 NBA draft out of the University of Utah, with whom he led the NCAA in scoring with 38.8 points per game in the 1961–1962 season.

Utah Utes men's basketball
The Utah Utes men's basketball team, also known as the Runnin' Utes, represents the University of Utah as an NCAA Division I program that plays in the  Big-12. They play their home games at the Jon M. Huntsman Center. The school has made the NCAA tournament 29 times. They last made the tournament in 2016. Utah won the NCAA Championship in 1944, defeating Dartmouth College 42–40 for the school's only NCAA basketball championship. However, the school also claims the 1916 AAU National Championship, which was awarded after winning the AAU national tournament. They have also won the NIT once, defeating Kentucky in 1947. In 1998, the Utes played in the NCAA championship game, losing to Kentucky.
Antisemitism in the Russian Empire
Antisemitism in the Russian Empire included numerous pogroms and the designation of the Pale of Settlement from which Jews were forbidden to migrate into the interior of Russia, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

Russia remained unaffected by the liberalising tendencies of this era with respect to the status of Jews. Before the 18th century, Russia maintained an exclusionary policy towards Jews, in accordance with the anti-Jewish precepts of the Russian Orthodox Church. When asked about admitting Jews into the Empire, Peter the Great stated "I prefer to see in our midst nations professing Mohammedanism and paganism rather than Jews. They are rogues and cheats. It is my endeavor to eradicate evil, not to multiply it."

Relations between Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism
The Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church were united until the East–West Schism in 1054. Since then, the relationship between Eastern Orthodox Christians and Rabbinic Judaism has ranged from friendly, to punctuated tolerance, to outright hostility. During the last years of the Byzantine Empire, many Venetian Jews were able to purchase naturalization, and were therefore entitled to a broader set of rights than Christians. During the period of the Ottoman Empire, many Christians and Jews experienced radically different and varying experiences. In other Orthodox nations such as Russia, many Jews faced much more difficult challenges.
Gmina Rząśnia
Gmina Rząśnia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rząśnia, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pajęczno and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 86.37 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,802.

In the municipality of Rząśnia, there is a brown Coal Mine

Coal Mine Bełchatów

Church in Stróża

Church in Rząśnia

Railway station in Biała

Church in Kodrań

Pajęczno County
Pajęczno County (Polish: powiat pajęczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies 78 kilometres (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Pajęczno.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445.
Tamaz Makatsaria
Tamaz Makatsaria (Georgian: თამაზ მაქაცარია) is a Georgian footballer who plays as an attacker for Erovnuli Liga 2 club Sioni.

Makatsaria is the winner of the Georgian Cup with Gagra. Individually, he was a shared topscorer of the 2021 Erovnuli Liga 2 season.

Erovnuli Liga
The Erovnuli Liga (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა; lit. 'National League') is the top division of professional top tier football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union. From 2017, the Erovnuli Liga switched to a spring-autumn system, with only 10 clubs in the top flight.
Shuysky Uyezd
Shuysky Uyezd (Шуйский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Vladimir Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Shuya.

Vladimir Governorate
Vladimir Governorate (Russian: Владимирская губерния, romanized: Vladimirskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1796–1929.
2016 Special Honours
As part of the British honours system, Special Honours are issued at the Queen's pleasure at any given time. The Special Honours refer the award of the Order of the Garter, Order of the Thistle, Order of Merit, Royal Victorian Order and the Order of St John. Life peerages are at times also awarded as special honours.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Lateral flap
A lateral flap is a family of consonantal sounds, used in some spoken languages.

There are four attested or claimed lateral flaps in the world's languages:

The alveolar lateral flap [ɺ] is quite common.

A retroflex lateral flap [𝼈 ] ([ɭ̆ ]) is found throughout South Asia, from Pashtun to Oriya, in the Iwaidjan languages of Australia, and sporadically elsewhere.

A palatal lateral flap [ʎ̆] has been described from Iwaidja, but the authors note that it may be a palatalized alveolar flap [ɺʲ].

A velar lateral flap [ʟ̆] occurs allophonically in Melpa and a few other languages of New Guinea.

Voiced alveolar lateral flap
A voiced alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, found in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɺ⟩, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter ⟨r⟩ with a letter ⟨l⟩. Approved in 1928, the symbol represented a sound intermediate between [d] and [l] or between [r] and [l] until 1979, when its value was redefined as an alveolar lateral flap.

Some languages that are described as having a lateral flap actually have a flap that is indeterminate with respect to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either in free variation or allophonically depending on surrounding vowels and consonants.

Additionally, some languages have a voiced postalveolar lateral flap, which can be transcribed in the IPA with the retracted diacritic, such as ⟨ɺ̠⟩.
Bundesautobahn 559
Bundesautobahn 559 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 559, short form Autobahn 559, abbreviated as BAB 559 or A 559) is an autobahn in Germany.

The A 559 is a former alignment of the A 59. The A 59 was rerouted in the 1980s to relieve congestion at the Gremberg four-way interchange with the A 4.

The primary function of the A 559, besides relieving traffic at the A 4 interchange, is to connect the Cologne-Bonn Airport to Cologne proper. The airport is along the A 59, one junction south of the A 559's southern terminus.

The section of road from the junction Köln-Vingst (just after the A 4) to the end of the freeway at Köln-Deutz is up to autobahn standards, but is only designated as the L 124. This stretch of road was signed at one time as the A 559, although the autobahn designation never officially covered the entire freeway.

Bundesautobahn 4
Bundesautobahn 4 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 4, short form Autobahn 4, abbreviated as BAB 4 or A 4) is an autobahn in two discontinuous segments that crosses Germany in a west–east direction. The western segment has a length of 156 km (97 mi), while the part in the east is 429 km (267 mi) long.
Borophosphate
The borophosphates are mixed anion compounds containing borate and phosphate anions, which may be joined together by a common oxygen atom. Compounds that contain water or hydroxy groups can also be included in the class of compounds.

Borophosphates can be classified by whether or not they are hydrated, and the anion structure, which can be single, double, triple, isolated ring, isolated branched ring, simple chain, branched chain, loop chain, layers, or three-dimensional network. The isolated anion compounds are the borate phosphates, which contain separate borate and phosphate groups. Some of the borophosphate structures resemble silicates.

Related compounds include aluminophosphates, which have aluminium instead of boron, gallophosphates, with gallium in place of boron, and by substituting the phosphate: boroarsenates, boroantimonates, and vanadoborates.

Boroantimonate
Boroantimonates are chemical compounds in which borate and antimonate groups share oxygen atoms. Known compounds are transparent. Antimony is in the +5 oxidation state and is in octahedral coordination by oxygen.
1978 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1978 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was held February 27–March 5; the first two rounds were played on campus sites with the semifinal and final contested at the Omaha Civic Auditorium in Omaha, Nebraska, hosted by Creighton University.

In a battle of conference newcomers, top-seeded Creighton defeated third-seeded Indiana State in the title game, 54–52, to win their first MVC tournament title.

The Bluejays, in turn, received a bid to the 1978 NCAA tournament.

Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The State Farm Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, commonly called Arch Madness, is an annual basketball tournament which features the men's basketball teams of each of the Missouri Valley Conference member universities.  The tournament, held in St. Louis since 1991, determines which MVC team receives an automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Arch Madness celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2020.

The tournament is the second longest running tournament in NCAA Division I to continuously be held in one city, next to the Big East men's basketball tournament.
Super Fly (1972 film)
Super Fly is a 1972 American blaxploitation crime drama film directed by Gordon Parks Jr. and starring Ron O'Neal as Youngblood Priest, an African American cocaine dealer who is trying to quit the underworld drug business. The film is well known for its soundtrack, written and produced by soul musician Curtis Mayfield. It was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on August 4, 1972.

O'Neal reprised his role as Youngblood Priest in the 1973 film Super Fly T.N.T., which he also directed. Producer Sig Shore directed a second sequel, The Return of Superfly, released in 1990, with Nathan Purdee as Priest. A remake was released in 2018.

In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Dagebüll
Dagebüll (German: [ˈdaːɡəbʏl] ⓘ; Mooring North Frisian: Doogebel; Danish: Dagebøl) is a municipality located at the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein in the Nordfriesland district, Germany. Today's Dagebüll was created in 1978 as a merger of the municipalities of Fahretoft, Juliane-Marien-Koog and Waygaard. Dagebüll used to be a Hallig, the oldest houses were built on artificial dwelling hills which in parts can still be seen today. In 1704 the area was secured by sea dikes.

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Alon Mizrahi
Alon Mizrahi (Hebrew: אלון מזרחי; born 22 November 1971) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played for clubs including Nice, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Hapoel Be'er Sheva, Maccabi Haifa and Beitar Jerusalem.

His nickname is "The Airplane" (Hebrew: האווירון, romanized: Ha-Avirón), referring to how he used to T-pose after scoring a goal.

1993–94 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1993–94 season of the European Cup Winners' Cup was won by English club Arsenal, who beat defending champions Parma in the final. The tournament would be renamed to the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup the following season.
Bagnaskali Rural Municipality
Bagnaskali Rural Municipality (Nepali :वगनासकाली गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Palpa District in Lumbini Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Bagnaskali is one of these 753 local units.

Palpa District
Palpa District (Nepali: पाल्पा जिल्लाListenⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Tansen as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,373 km2 (530 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of  245,027.

Palpa District is not far from Pokhara and easily reached by bus.  Palpa was the seat of the Hindu Sen kingdom that ruled over this region from the 16th century for almost 300 years so the headquarter of Palpa is called "Tansen" (Nepali: तानसेन).