hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nughedu San Nicolò
Nughedu San Nicolò (Sardinian: Nughedu Santu Nigola) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 180 kilometres (112 miles) northwest of Cagliari and about 50 kilometres (31 miles) southeast of Sassari.

Nughedu San Nicolò borders the following municipalities: Anela, Bono, Bonorva, Bultei, Ittireddu, Ozieri, Pattada.

Bono, Sardinia
Bono (Sardinian: Bòno) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Cagliari and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Sassari.
Mary Gay House
The Mary Gay House is a historic house at 716 West Trinity Place in downtown Decatur, Georgia.  It was the home of Mary Ann Harris Gay, who moved there with her mother and sister about 1850. She and her sister  lived there during the American Civil War and afterwards. The house was built approximately 1850 (though the Junior League of Decatur claims it was built about 1820) and is one of the few extant pre-Civil War buildings in the area. The house was entered into the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on May 6, 1975. It is now named "716 West" and is used as a wedding/event venue.

Decatur, Georgia
Decatur (/dəˈkeɪtər/) is a city in and the county seat of DeKalb County, Georgia, United States, part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. With a population of 24,928 in the 2020 census, the municipality is sometimes assumed to be larger since multiple ZIP Codes in unincorporated DeKalb County bear Decatur as the address.

The city is served by three MARTA rail stations (Decatur, East Lake, and Avondale). The city is located approximately five miles (eight kilometers) northeast of Downtown Atlanta and shares its western border with both the city of Atlanta (the Kirkwood and Lake Claire neighborhoods) and unincorporated DeKalb County. The Druid Hills neighborhood is to the northwest of Decatur.
2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2014 Macau Open Grand Prix Open was the eighteenth tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held in Tap Seac Multi-sports Pavilion, Macau November 25–30, 2014 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Macau Open Badminton Championships
The Macau Open Badminton Championships (Chinese: 澳門羽毛球公開賽) is an open international championship in badminton held in Macau. In the 2002 International Badminton Federation (IBF) calendar, the first badminton tournament in Macau was held as Macau Satellite. IBF then included the tournament in the Grand Prix event in 2006, after that the tournament was categorised by the Badminton World Federation as Grand Prix Gold event in 2007, which carried a total prize money of US$120,000. After the new event structure updated by the BWF in 2017, the Macau Open categorized as the BWF World Tour Super 300 which began to be implemented in 2018. The Macau Open was on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic starting from 2020 to 2023, and will return to the BWF calendar in 2024.
Glay Rare Collectives Vol. 1 and 2
Glay Rare Collectives Vol. 1 and 2 are the third and fourth released collection albums from the Japanese rock band, Glay. Unlike Review and Drive: Glay Complete Best, these two double disc CDs feature all of the B sides from their singles that were released from their debut to "mata koko de aimashou" as well as some other songs originally used for different works and not featured in any of their albums or singles. The first volume features the original song "Shiawase ni naru, sono toki ni", while the second volume featured the then newly released song "Itsuka".

Drive: Glay Complete Best
Drive: Glay Complete Best (typeset as DRIVE ~GLAY complete BEST~) is the second "greatest hits" album by Japanese pop/rock band Glay. It is composed by some of Glay's most popular singles and album tracks from their debut in 1994 to 2000. The two discs each contain hits from albums Speed Pop to Heavy Gauge as well as various singles. The album peaked at #1 at Oricon charts and sold 2,637,420 according to the charts. The album was certified "Double Million" by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).
Northern Germany
Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland, [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ⓘ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany, and Eastern Germany.

East Frisia
East Frisia (/ˈfriːʒə/) or East Friesland (/ˈfriːzlənd/; German: Ostfriesland; East Frisian Low Saxon: Oostfräisland; Saterland Frisian: Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia and to the west of Landkreis Friesland.

Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts Aurich, Leer and Wittmund, and the city of Emden. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of 3,142 square kilometres (1,213 sq mi).

There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln). From west to east, these islands are Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog.
1983 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
John McEnroe and Peter Rennert were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, McEnroe with Peter Fleming and Rennert with Chip Hooper.

Hooper and Rennert lost in the first round to Fleming and McEnroe.

Fleming and McEnroe lost in the semifinals to Brian Gottfried and Paul McNamee.

Brian Gottfried and Paul McNamee won the doubles title at the 1983 Queen's Club Championships tennis tournament defeating Kevin Curren and Steve Denton in the final 6–4, 6–3.

1983 Stella Artois Championships
The 1983 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London, United Kingdom that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the 81st edition of the tournament and took place from 6 June until 13 June 1983. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won his second consecutive singles title at the event.
John E. Braggins
John E. Braggins (9 August 1944 – 1 October 2025) was a New Zealand botanist and bryologist, known for his research into ferns and liverworts. Braggins lectured at the University of Auckland from 1969 until 2000, during which time he supervised and mentored a significant number of New Zealand botanists. During Braggins' career, he took part in the identification of 12 species and one suborder, many of which are endemic New Zealand liverworts.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
Pergularia daemia
Pergularia daemia, the trellis-vine, is a hispid, perennial vine in the family Asclepiadaceae, with an extensive range in the Old World tropics and subtropics. It has been used traditionally to treat a number of ailments. It is sometimes called atufa.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
Kopis
The term kopis (Ancient Greek: Κόπις) in Ancient Greece could describe a heavy knife with a forward-curving blade, primarily used as a tool for cutting meat, for ritual slaughter and animal sacrifice, or refer to a single edged cutting or "cut and thrust" sword with a similarly shaped blade.

Khopesh
The khopesh (ḫpš; also vocalized khepesh) is an Egyptian sickle-shaped sword that developed from battle axes. The sword style originated in Western Asia during the Bronze Age and was introduced in the Second Intermediate Period. The khopesh became more common in the New Kingdom, and is often depicted with kings in statues and murals.
Guard Battalion (Estonia)
The Military Police Guard Battalion (Estonian: Sõjaväepolitsei Vahipataljon), or simply Guard Battalion is specialized unit under the Military Police of the Estonian Defence Forces, which conducts ceremonial duties and prepares military police units. It is based in Paldiski and specialized in urban warfare.

The Guard Battalion also has the duty of carrying the guard of honour at presidential palace and welcoming foreign diplomats and political guests.

Estonian Navy
The Estonian Navy (Estonian: Merevägi) are the unified naval forces among the Estonian Defence Forces.

With only six commissioned ships and displacement well under 10,000 tonnes (3,633.5 tonnes as of February 2026), the Estonian navy is one of the smallest navies in the world. Its ship prefix is EML (Eesti Mereväe Laev/Estonian Navy Ship). The Estonian Navy has participated numerous times in NATO's naval joint-exercises.
Road signs in Morocco
Road signs in Morocco are regulated under a joint decree by the Ministry of Equipment, Transport and Logistics and the Ministry of Interior, published in the Official Bulletin of the Kingdom of Morocco. A further joint decree in 2019 strengthened the legal system in relation to road signs. They are also laid out in the General Instruction on Road Signage (IGSR, French: Instruction générale sur la signalisation routière). They are broadly similar to those formerly and currently used in France, and are compliant with the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, to which Morocco acceded on 29 December 1982.

Autoroutes of Morocco
Morocco's network of motorways is administered by the state-owned company Autoroutes du Maroc (ADM). It runs the network on a pay-per-use basis, with toll stations placed along its length. The general speed limit is 120 km/h.
Swedish Crusades
Part of the Northern Crusades, the Swedish Crusades were campaigns by Sweden in Finland and Novgorod. They include:

First Swedish Crusade (1150s)

Second Swedish Crusade (1240s)

Third Swedish Crusade (1293)

Swedish–Novgorodian Wars

Third Swedish Crusade
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland. After the crusade, Western Karelia remained under Swedish rule until the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.
Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPS establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Minor Planet Center
The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the official body for observing and reporting on minor planets under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Founded in 1947, it operates at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

Astrometry
Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way.
Cape Ludwig
Cape Ludwig is a peninsula in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located on Amund Ringnes Island. Massey Sound is nearby, entered from Norwegian Bay between Cape Ludwig and Cape Southwest. Hendriksen Strait is to the southwest.

Amund Ringnes Island
Amund Ringnes Island is an uninhabited island and one of the Sverdrup Islands and Queen Elizabeth Islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Arctic Ocean, between 78 and 79 degrees of latitude. It lies east of Ellef Ringnes Island, west of Axel Heiberg Island. Hassel Sound separates Amund Ringnes Island from Ellef Ringnes Island. Hendriksen Strait is to the south, as is Cornwall Island. Norwegian Bay is to the east, as is Haig-Thomas Island. To the north lies Peary Channel.

The island has an area of 5,255 km2 (2,029 sq mi) in size, making it the 111th largest island in the world, and Canada's 25th largest island.

The island was named by Otto Sverdrup for Oslo brewer Amund Ringnes, one of the sponsors of his expedition. He first sighted it in 1900. The island was claimed by Norway from 1902 until the claim was relinquished in 1930.
Mufassil Islam
Mufassil Muhammed Mazhaarul Islam is a former British–Bangladeshi lawyer, academic, journalist, activist, political commentator, and critic of religious extremism. He is an advocate of the Bangladesh Bar Council. He was the chairman of the For Britain political party in Northern Ireland.

British Bangladeshis
British Bangladeshis (Bengali: বিলাতী বাংলাদেশী, romanized: Bilatī Bangladeshī) are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots are from Bangladesh. Bengali Muslims have prominently been migrating to the UK since World War II. Migration reached its peak during the 1970s, with most originating from the Sylhet Division. The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as Tower Hamlets. This large diaspora in London leads people in Sylhet to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londonis (Bengali: লন্ডনী).
Military history of Zimbabwe
Africa portal

The military history of Zimbabwe chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time.  It covers invasions of native peoples of Africa (Shona and Ndebele), encroachment by Europeans (Portuguese, Boer and British settlers), and civil conflict.

Frederick Selous
Frederick Courteney Selous, DSO (/səˈluː/; 31 December 1851 – 4 January 1917) was a British explorer, army officer, professional hunter, and conservationist, famous for his exploits in Southeast Africa.  His real-life adventures inspired Sir Henry Rider Haggard to create the fictional character Allan Quatermain.  Selous was a friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Cecil Rhodes and Frederick Russell Burnham. He was pre-eminent within a group of big game hunters that included Abel Chapman and Arthur Henry Neumann. He was the older brother of the ornithologist and writer Edmund Selous.
Samokov dialect
The Samokov dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Samokov in central western Bulgaria. Its immediate neighbours are the Sofia dialect and Elin Pelin dialect to the north, the Ihtiman dialect to the east, the Dupnitsa dialect to the west and the Razlog dialect to the south.

Samokov
Samokov (Bulgarian: Самоков [ˈsamokof]) is a town in Sofia Province in the southwest of Bulgaria. It is in the Samokov Valley between the mountain ranges of Rila, Vitosha, and Sredna Gora, 55 kilometres from the capital Sofia. Due to the suitable winter sports conditions, Samokov, together with the nearby resort Borovets, is a major tourist centre.

In the past, Samokov was a centre of handicrafts and art, with notable Bulgarian National Revival figures like Zahari Zograf, Hristo Dimitrov and Nikola Obrazopisov. The town's name is a compound word of "samo" and "kov", respectively meaning "self" and the root of the verb "forge, hammer", and comes from the samokov, a mechanical forge powered by water, since the town of Samokov was a major iron-producing centre during the Middle Ages.
Wetting current
In electrical and electronics engineering, wetting current is the minimum electric current needing to flow through a contact to break through the surface film resistance at a contact. It is typically far below the contact's nominal maximum current rating.

A thin film of oxidation, or an otherwise passivated layer, tends to form in most environments, particularly those with high humidity, and, along with surface roughness, contributes to the contact resistance at an interface. Providing a sufficient amount of wetting current is a crucial step in designing circuits that use switches with low contact pressure. Failing to do this might result in switches remaining electrically "open" when pressed, due to contact oxidation.

Ragnar Holm
Ragnar Holm (born 6 May 1879 in Skara, Sweden, died on 27 February 1970 at St. Marys, Pennsylvania, USA), was a Swedish physicist and researcher in electrical engineering, who was partially active in Germany and the United States.
Sukullu
Sukullu (Aymara for a baby boy for whom a certain traditional rite was celebrated in the main square together with the other children who were born in the same year, Hispanicized spelling Sucullo) is a  5,095-metre-high (16,716 ft) mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Castrovirreyna Province, on the border of the districts of Aurahuá and Castrovirreyna.

Chonta mountain range
The Chonta mountain range (possibly from Aymara chunta prolonged, lengthened, Quechua chunta a kind of palm,) lies in the Huancavelica Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 12°37' and 13°07'S and  75°00' and 75°30'W for about 50 km. It is located in the Castrovirreyna Province and in the Huancavelica Province.
St Peter's Church, Chelmarsh
St Peter's Church is in the village of Chelmarsh, Shropshire, England.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Bridgnorth, the archdeaconry of Ludlow, and the diocese of Hereford.  Its benefice is united with those of seven other churches to form the benefice of Highley with Billingsley, Glazeley and Deuxhill, and Chelmarsh.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Diocese of Hereford
The Diocese of Hereford is a Church of England diocese based in Hereford, covering Herefordshire, southern Shropshire and a few parishes within Worcestershire in England, and a few parishes within Powys and Monmouthshire in Wales. The cathedral is Hereford Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Hereford. The diocese is one of the oldest in England (created in 676 and based on the minor sub-kingdom of the Magonsæte) and is part of the Province of Canterbury.
Tinnura
Tinnura is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 268 and an area of 3.8 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).

Tinnura borders the following municipalities: Flussio, Sagama, Suni.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
Gudarekhi monastery
The Gudarekhi monastery (Georgian: გუდარეხის მონასტერი, romanized: gudarekhis monast'eri) is a 13th-century Georgian Orthodox monastery in the south of Georgia. It is located west of the village of Gudarekhi, Tetritsqaro Municipality, in the Kvemo Kartli region. The monastery complex consists of the main hall church, a free-standing bell-tower, and ruins of various structures such as a palace, cells, chapels, wine-cellar, and stables. The church is adorned with medieval stone-carvings and inscriptions. The complex is inscribed on the list of Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance.

Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance
The Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance (Georgian: ეროვნული მნიშვნელობის კატეგორიის კულტურის უძრავი ძეგლები) are buildings, structures, sites, or places in Georgia that have been determined to have nationwide cultural significance by meeting special criteria developed by the Ministry of Culture and are subject to preservation by the state.

The monument must have an outstanding artistic or aesthetic value, be associated with a particularly important historical event, person, or overall national values.

The original list of the Immovable Monuments of Cultural Heritage was approved in the Presidential decree No. 665 of 7 November 2006. Since then, it has been updated several times. After the amendments of 2013, the monument can be defined as having national significance by the resolution of the Government of Georgia based on the submission of the Ministry of Culture.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, commonly known as Willkie, is a white-shoe, international law firm headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1888, the firm specializes in corporate practice and employs approximately 1300 lawyers in 16 offices across six countries.

U.S. Supreme Court Justices Felix Frankfurter and Charles Evans Hughes began their careers at the firm, as did former Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork, and former New York Governor Mario Cuomo after leaving office. The law firm's profits per equity partner were $4.54 million in 2024.

New York City Bar Association
The Association of the Bar of the City of New York, commonly referred to as the New York City Bar Association (City Bar), founded in 1870, is a voluntary association of lawyers and law students. Since 1896, the organization has been headquartered in a landmark building on 44th Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues in Manhattan. Today the City Bar has more than 23,000 members. Its current president, Muhammad U. Faridi, began his two-year term in May 2024.
Tímea Nagy (activist)
Timea Nagy (born 1977) is a Canadian activist who has spoken on behalf of victims of human trafficking. She founded Walk With Me, a Toronto-based organization that aids survivors of trafficking. Nagy was featured in an anti-trafficking campaign by the Salvation Army in 2009. Her activism has drawn upon her own experience of forced prostitution in Canada.

Forced prostitution
Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution or compulsory prostitution, is prostitution or  sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party. The terms "forced prostitution" or "enforced prostitution" appear in international and humanitarian conventions, such as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, but have been inconsistently applied. "Forced prostitution" refers to conditions of control over a person who is coerced by another to engage in sexual activity.