hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B-CAS
B-CAS (BS Conditional Access Systems Co., Ltd.) is a vendor and operator of the ISDB CAS system in Japan, largely owned by the public broadcaster NHK with some other electronics companies and broadcasters airing in BSAT. It also refers to the reception method (B-CAS method) that this company offers.

All ISDB receiving apparatus such as DTT TV, tuner, and DVD recorder except 1seg-only devices require a B-CAS card under regulation and B-CAS cards are supplied with most units at purchase. B-CAS cards cannot be purchased separately, except in cases of damage, loss, purchase of used equipment, or theft. As of February 2025, replacement B-CAS cards cost ¥2,310.

Implementations of ISDB-T and ISDB-T International (SBTVD) outside Japan do not use the B-CAS system at all as they do not employ the Copy-Once encryption method used on ISDB broadcasts in Japan. For these countries, some operators may choose to implement their own copy protection system.

1seg
1seg (ワンセグ, wansegu) is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data broadcasting service in Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru and the Philippines. Service began experimentally during 2005 and commercially on April 1, 2006. It is designed as a component of ISDB-T, the terrestrial digital broadcast system used in those countries, as each channel is divided into 13 segments, with a further segment separating it from the next channel; an HDTV broadcast signal occupies 12 segments, leaving the remaining (13th) segment for mobile receivers, hence the name, "1seg" or "One Seg".

Its use in Brazil was established in late 2007 (starting in just a few cities), with a slight difference from the Japanese counterpart: it is broadcast under a 30 fps transmission setting (Japanese broadcasts are under the 15 fps transmission setting).
Miss World 1993
Miss World 1993, the 43rd edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 27 November 1993 at the Sun City Entertainment Centre in Sun City, South Africa. It was the second staging of the  Miss World pageant in South Africa.The pageant secured 81 contestants from all over the world. This is the second consecutive staging of the pageant in Sun City. The winner was Lisa Hanna of Jamaica. She was crowned by Julia Kourotchkina of Russia.

She became the third Jamaican to win Miss World since Carole Crawford in Miss World 1963 and Cindy Breakspeare in Miss World 1976.

Miss World 1976
Miss World 1976 was the 26th edition of the Miss World pageant, held on 18 November 1976 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom. The winner was Cindy Breakspeare from Jamaica. She was crowned by Miss World 1975, Wilnelia Merced of Puerto Rico. Runner-up was Karen Jo Pini representing Australia, third was Diana Marie Roberts Duenas from Guam, fourth was Carol Jean Grant of United Kingdom, and fifth was Merja Helena Tammi from Finland.
H. Charles McBarron Jr.
Hugh Charles McBarron Jr. (October 3, 1902 – April 21, 1992) was an American artist. Known for his wide body of work featuring the United States Armed Forces, he is considered by many to have been the "dean of military illustrators".

United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, and independent agencies.

An act of Congress changed the office's name to its current form in 2014.
Aquilonites
Aquilonites is a pericyclacean goniatitid belonging to the family Intoceratidae, suborder Goniatitina, that lived during the very early Carboniferous of what is now Russia. [1]

Aquilonites has a subdiscoidal, involute shell with a small to very narrow umbilicus, covered by biconvex growth lines and sometimes weak lirae. The ventral lobe of the suture is very narrow, with straight, almost parallel or slightly sigmoidal sides. The first outer saddle is rounded and somewhat wider than ventral lobe, 
the lateral lobe short and bowl shaped.[2]

Aquilonites is found in the Tournaisian age Kugutyk Formation in Orenburg, Russian Federation [3], in what can be called the Dombarovskii ammonites, associated with species of Gattendoria, Goniocyclus, Muensteroceras, and Eocantites.

Intoceratidae
Intoceratidae is one of nine families of the Pericycloidea superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.
Camddwr
For the tributary of the River Wye, see Camddwr, Wye and for the tributary of the River Teifi, see Camddwr, Teifi.

The Camddwr is a significant right-bank tributary of the River Towy in the eastern part of Ceredigion, mid Wales. It rises on the undulating plateau east of Garn Gron (52°13′31″N 3°49′29″W﻿ / ﻿52.2253°N 3.8247°W﻿ / 52.2253; -3.8247﻿ (Camddwr, source)) and flows in a  generally south-southeasterly direction into Llyn Brianne, a reservoir formed by the damming of the upper Towy, (52°09′27″N 3°45′56″W﻿ / ﻿52.1574°N 3.7656°W﻿ / 52.1574; -3.7656﻿ (Camddwr, mouth)). A chapel at Soar y mynydd beside the river is often mentioned as being the most isolated in Wales.

River Towy
The River Towy, also known as the River Tywi (Welsh: Afon Tywi, IPA: [ˈtəwɪ]),  is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales. Its total length is 120 km (75 mi). It is noted for its sea trout and salmon fishing.
Closed graph property
In mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and topology, closed graph is a property of functions. A real function  is closed if the graph is closed, meaning that it contains all of its limit points.  Every such continuous function has a closed graph, but the converse is not necessarily true.

More generally, a function f : X → Y between topological spaces has a closed graph if its graph is a closed subset of the product space X × Y.

This property is studied because there are many theorems, known as closed graph theorems, giving conditions under which a function with a closed graph is necessarily continuous.  One particularly well-known class of closed graph theorems are the closed graph theorems in functional analysis.

Hausdorff space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a Hausdorff space (/ˈhaʊsdɔːrf/ HOWSS-dorf, /ˈhaʊzdɔːrf/ HOWZ-dorf), T2 space or separated space, is a topological space where distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods.  Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the "Hausdorff condition" (T2) is the most frequently used and discussed. It implies the uniqueness of limits of sequences, nets, and filters.

Hausdorff spaces are named after Felix Hausdorff, one of the founders of topology. Hausdorff's original definition of a topological space (in 1914) included the Hausdorff condition as an axiom.
Lomamyia latipennis
Lomamyia latipennis is a species of insect in the family Berothidae. The larvae feed on termites which they subdue with an aggressive allomone. The first instar approaches termites and waves the tip of its abdomen near the termites' head. The termite becomes immobile after 1 to 3 minutes, and completely paralyzed very soon after this, although it may live for up to 3 hours. The berothid then feeds on the paralyzed prey. The later instars feed in a similar manner and are able to paralyze multiple termites at the same time. Contact between the termite and the berothid is not necessary for subduing, and other insects present are not affected by the allomone. Adult berothid lacewings are not predatory and feed on nectar like most lacewings. However, female berothids lay egg clusters on logs, stumps or trees infested with termites. The tiny, newly hatched larvae crawl across the wood seeking cracks and crevices that will lead to the termites within.

Berothidae
The Berothidae are a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are known commonly as the beaded lacewings. The family was first named by Anton Handlirsch in 1906. The family consists of 24 genera and 110 living species distributed discontinuously worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Numerous extinct species have also been described. Their ecology is poorly known, but in the species where larval stages have been documented, the larvae are predators of termites.
PEG-PVA
Polyethylene glycol–polyvinyl alcohol (PEG-PVA) brand name Kollicoat IR (BASF) is a  multifunctional excipient used as a pill binder as well as a wet binder. A typical formulation is composed of 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 75% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); where the vinyl alcohol moieties are grafted on a polyethylene glycol backbone.

Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing. It is colourless (white) and odorless. It is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water. Without an externally added crosslinking agent, PVA solution can be gelled through repeated freezing-thawing, yielding highly strong, ultrapure, biocompatible hydrogels which have been used for a variety of applications such as vascular stents, cartilages, contact lenses, etc.

Although polyvinyl alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to polyvinyl acetate, which is commonly used as a wood adhesive and sealer.
John R. Chambliss
John Randolph Chambliss Jr. (January 23, 1833 – August 16, 1864) was a career military officer from Virginia who served in the Confederate States Army. He reached the rank of brigadier general of cavalry before being killed in action in August 1864 during the Second Battle of Deep Bottom. Born to a lawyer, Colonel and Mrs John Chambliss of Hicksford, Va, John, jr. graduated from West Point (1853) with several future generals, particularly his friend David M. Gregg, a future Union General as their paths would have an ominous crossing in August 1864.

Emporia, Virginia
Emporia is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.  It is the county seat of Greensville County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,766, making it the third-least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Emporia with surrounding Greensville County for statistical purposes. The town has become notorious for being a major speed trap.
Homosexual (album)
Homosexual is the fifth studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Darren Hayes. It was released on 7 October 2022 and is Hayes' third studio album to be released on his own record label, Powdered Sugar. The album produced five singles: "Let's Try Being in Love", "Do You Remember?", "Poison Blood", "All You Pretty Things" and "Feels Like It's Over". Homosexual is the first of Hayes' studio albums where he has written, composed, produced and performed entirely by himself.

Affirmation (Savage Garden album)
Affirmation is the second and final studio album by Australian pop duo Savage Garden, released on 1 November 1999 by Columbia Records. It won the 2000 ARIA Music Award for Highest Selling Album. It was nominated for Best Group and Best Pop Release.
2009 ATP World Tour Finals
The 2009 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2009 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was held in London, United Kingdom between 22 November and 29 November 2009. It was the first time the O2 arena hosted the ATP World Tour Year-End Singles and Doubles Championships. The event was renamed from Tennis Masters Cup to ATP World Tour Finals following the rearrangement of the ATP Tour.

2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open
The 2009 Cincinnati Masters (also known as the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Western & Southern Financial Group Women's Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 108th edition of the Cincinnati Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2009 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events were held at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, near Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, with the men playing from August 17 through August 23, 2009, and the women from August 10 through August 16, 2009. It was the third women's event and the fifth men's event on the 2009 US Open Series. Former world No. 1 Kim Clijsters made her return to the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour in Cincinnati.
Bepton
Bepton is a village, Anglican parish and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England.  According to the 2001 census it had 104 households with a population of 249 of whom 117 were economically active.  The village is about 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Midhurst. The hamlet of Bepton Common (grid reference SU871205) is in the north-east corner of the parish, just outside Midhurst.

Midhurst
Midhurst (/ˈmɪdhɜːrst/) is a market town and civil parish in the Chichester District in West Sussex, England. It lies on the River Rother, 20 miles (30 km) inland from the English Channel and 12 miles (19 km) north of Chichester.

The name Midhurst was first recorded in 1186 as Middeherst, meaning "Middle wooded hill", or "(place) among the wooded hills". It derives from the Old English words midd (adjective) or mid (preposition), meaning "in the middle", plus hyrst, "a wooded hill".

The Norman St. Ann's Castle dates from about 1120, although the foundations are all that can now be seen. The castle, the parish church of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Denis, together with South Pond, the former fish-pond for the castle, are the only three structures left from this early period. The parish church is the oldest building in Midhurst. Just across the River Rother, in the parish of Easebourne, is the ruin of the Tudor Cowdray House.
Kropotkin family
The House of Kropotkin (Russian: Князья Кропоткины, romanized: Knyaz'ya Kropotkiny) is an ancient Russian noble family of Rurik stock descending from Prince Dmitry Vasilyevich nicknamed Kropotka, a nephew of the last Grand Duke of Smolensk, Yuri Svyatoslavich. Princes Kropotkin are listed in the 5th part (titled nobility) of the Kazan, Kaluga, Mogilyov, Moscow, Ryazan, Saint-Petersburg and Tula genealogical books and 2nd part (military nobility) of the Moscow genealogical book.

Yury of Smolensk
Yury Svyatoslavich (Russian: Юрий Святославович) or Georgy Svyatoslavovich (Russian: Георгий Святославович; died 1407) was the prince of Smolensk and Bryansk (1386–1395; 1401–1404) whose life was spent in vain attempts to fend off aggression by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Nasociliary nerve
The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) (which is in turn a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). It is intermediate in size between the other two branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and lacrimal nerve.

Frontal nerve
The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It supplies sensation to the skin of the forehead, the mucosa of the frontal sinus, and the skin of the upper eyelid. It may be affected by schwannoma.
Justynian Szczytt (d. 1677)
Justynian Niemirowicz Szczytt (also spelled Szczyt and Szczyth; died 1677) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), a chamberlain (podkomorzy) of Polotsk and a deputy to the sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

For many years he was a servant of the magnate Sapieha family. He was vice wojewoda (vice governor) of Polotsk (probably 1666–70) and chamberlain (podkomorzy) of Polotsk from 1673. Szczytt was a sejm deputy in 1667, 1668, 1669, 1670 and 1674.

He was also a founder of the Franciscan cloister at Prozaroki (Polish Prozoroki).

Polotsk Voivodeship
Polotsk or Połock Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Polocensis; Lithuanian: Polocko vaivadija; Polish: Województwo połockie, Belarusian: Полацкае ваяводства) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the  Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Grand Duchy of Lithuania) since the 15th century until the partitions of Poland in 1793.
Hurricane (Eric Benét album)
Hurricane is the third studio album by American R&B recording artist Eric Benét. It was released on June 21, 2005, on Friday Records, with distributing by Reprise Records. It is the follow-up to his second album A Day in the Life (1999) and follows the shelving of his Better and Better project for Warner Bros. Records. Recorded at various recording studios, the album was written and produced by Benét with several other producers, including Walter Afanasieff, Michael Carney, Hod David, David Foster, George Nash, Jr., and Demonté Posey.

A Day in the Life (Eric Benét album)
A Day in the Life is the second studio album by American R&B singer Eric Benét. It was released on April 27, 1999, on Warner Bros. Records. Benet's follow-up to his debut album, True to Myself (1996), it has sold close to 900,000 copies in the United States.
Frankie Albert
Frank Cullen Albert (January 27, 1920 – September 4, 2002) was an American professional football player and coach. He played as a quarterback and punter with the San Francisco 49ers in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and later in National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Indians (now Cardinal), where he led the 1940 football team to an undefeated season and the 1941 Rose Bowl.

Many who saw Albert in action credit him as being the greatest left-handed quarterback ever to play the game. Albert was the first left-handed quarterback to play in the NFL.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Island of Greed
Island of Greed is a 1997 Hong Kong action political crime thriller film directed by Michael Mak and starring Andy Lau and Tony Leung Ka-fai. The film is set and filmed in Taiwan and deals with corruption in the Government of the Republic of China.

Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Justice (MOJ; Chinese: 法務部; pinyin: Fǎwùbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hoat-bū-pō͘) is a ministerial level body of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan), responsible for carrying out various regulatory and prosecutorial functions.
Legendary Member
Legendary Member is the debut studio album by Thai rapper Thaiboy Digital, released on 26 September 2019 through Year0001. The album was recorded with Thaiboy Digital exchanging trips between London and Stockholm, and features Bladee, Ecco2K, and Yung Lean. The album has Gud as executive producer, with Whitearmor, RipSquad and Woesum as co-producers. It was first announced a month before with the release of a single, "Lip Service", featuring Ecco2K, followed by the release of "Nervous" and "IDGAF". A music video for the album's title track was released in October. Thaiboy Digital later toured Australia.

According to Thaiboy Digital, recording the album was one of his best experiences in a studio. Nadine Smith reviewed the album to Pitchfork, giving it a rating of 7.2/10. It was also reviewed by Zac Cazes of The Quietus.

Ecco2K
Zak Tor Adebanwo Sten Arogundade Gaterud (born 23 October 1994), known professionally as Ecco2K, is a British-Swedish rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer, model, fashion designer, and visual artist. Arogundade founded the band Krossad with Bladee, his then-classmate, in 2004. Three years later, he founded his first fashion brand, Alaska, and later joined the Swedish shoe brand Eytys as a designer. He founded Drain Gang with childhood friends Bladee, Thaiboy Digital and Whitearmor in 2013. Ecco2K appeared on albums with Drain Gang and directed music videos before releasing his debut solo studio album, E, in 2019. He released the EP PXE in 2021, and the collaborative studio album Crest in 2022. Arogundade is a private and secretive person who has incorporated queer themes in his work.
Sciades
Sciades is a genus of sea catfishes mostly found along the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea coasts of Central and South America. One species, S. dowii, occurs on the Pacific side from Panama to Ecuador. The genus Ariopsis has been merged with Sciades by some authorities.

Currently, six described species are in this genus:

Sciades couma (Valenciennes, 1840) (Couma sea-catfish)

Sciades dowii (T. N. Gill, 1863) (brown sea-catfish)

Sciades herzbergii (Bloch, 1794) (Pemecou sea catfish)

Sciades parkeri (Traill, 1832) (gillbacker sea catfish)

Sciades passany (Valenciennes, 1840) (Passany sea catfish)

Sciades proops (Valenciennes, 1840) (crucifix sea catfish)

Flapnose sea catfish
The flapnose sea catfish (Sciades dowii), also known as the brown sea catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Theodore Gill in 1863, originally under the genus Leptarius. It inhabits rivers and estuaries in Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, and Peru. It dwells at a depth range of 0 to 15 m (0 to 49 ft). It reaches a maximum total length of 90 cm (35 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 50 cm (20 in).

The diet of the flapnose sea catfish includes small finfish, fish scales, and benthic invertebrates. Due to a lack of known major threats to the species, it is currently ranked as Least Concern by the IUCN redlist. It has been harvested for its meat since Pre-Columbian times, and remains a commercially important foodfish to date. It is marketed both fresh and dried-salted.
1980 United Bank Classic
The 1980 United Bank Classic, also known as the Denver WCT, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado in the United States that was part of the 1980 Grand Prix circuit. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and took place from February 18 through February 24, 1980. Second-seeded Gene Mayer won the singles competition.

1980 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1980 Volvo Grand Prix was a men's professional tennis circuit held that year. It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments. The Grand Prix circuit is a precursor to the ATP Tour.

Volvo became the new tour sponsor of the Grand Prix circuit after Colgate-Palmolive decided to end its sponsorship. Eight World Championship Tennis tournaments were incorporated into the circuit.