hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rendal Municipality
Rendal is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 4,201-square-kilometre (1,622 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1880 when it was divided into Ytre Rendal Municipality and Øvre Rendal Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Bergset where Øvre Rendal Church is located.

Bergset
Bergset is the administrative centre of Rendalen Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the western shore of the river Renaelva, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the village of Otnes in the largely rural Østerdalen valley.

The 0.99-square-kilometre (240-acre) village had a population (2012) of 243 and a population density of 245 inhabitants per square kilometre (630/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
Theta characteristic
In mathematics, a theta characteristic of a non-singular algebraic curve C is a divisor class Θ such that 2Θ is the canonical class. In terms of holomorphic line bundles L on a connected compact Riemann surface, it is therefore L such that L2 is the canonical bundle, here also equivalently the holomorphic cotangent bundle. In terms of algebraic geometry, the equivalent definition is as an invertible sheaf, which squares to the sheaf of differentials of the first kind. Theta characteristics were introduced by Rosenhain (1851)

Hasse–Witt matrix
In mathematics, the Hasse–Witt matrix H of a non-singular algebraic curve C over a finite field F is the matrix of the Frobenius mapping  (p-th power mapping where F has q elements, q a power of the prime number p) with respect to a basis for the differentials of the first kind. It is a g × g matrix where C has genus g.  The rank of the Hasse–Witt matrix is the Hasse  or Hasse–Witt invariant.
Public folklore
Public folklore is the term for the work done by folklorists in public settings in the United States and Canada outside of universities and colleges, such as arts councils, museums, folklife festivals, radio stations, etc., as opposed to academic folklore, which is done within universities and colleges.  The term is short for "public sector folklore" and was first used by members of the American Folklore Society in the early 1970s.

Memorial University of Newfoundland
Memorial University of Newfoundland, or MUN (/mʌn/), is a public research university in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, based in St. John's, with satellite campuses in Corner Brook, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, and Harlow, England.  Memorial University offers certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate programs, as well as online courses and degrees.

Founded in September 1925 as a memorial to Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who died in the First World War, Memorial is the largest university in Atlantic Canada; it is also Newfoundland and Labrador's only university. As of 2018, there were 1,330 faculty and 2,474 staff, supporting 18,000 students from nearly 100 countries.
Derviš-beg Alić Sarvanović
Derviš-beg Alić Sarvanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Дервиш-бег Алић Сарвановић), known as Derviš Alić (Дервиш Алић) or Dervish Bey (Turkish: Derviş Bey) was the Ottoman governor of the sanjak of Montenegro from 1592 to at least 1597. He was from Peć.

In 1592, the Sanjak of Scutari was divided into two parts. Derviš-beg received the sanjak of Montenegro (Ulcinj, Bar and all on the right side of the Bojana river). He had succeeded in dividing the sanjak after bribing the Vizier. He held the title of sanjak-bey, and wrote to the provveditore of Cattaro (Kotor) about his acquisition of the sanjak of Montenegro, and also Paštrovići and Perast which were under Venetian rule.

In 1597 he defeated the Serb rebels led by Grdan at the Gacko field. The Montenegrin tribes did not participate in the uprising, only the Brđani. At the time, Sarvanović threatened the Montenegrins through the provveditore of Kotor.

Sanjak of Montenegro
The Sanjak of Montenegro (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Санџак Црне Горе, romanized: Sandžak Crne Gore; Turkish: Karadağ Sancağı, literally Sanjak of the Black Mountain) was a province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula roughly corresponding to modern Montenegro. It was created in 1514 from the borders of the former Zeta, ruled by the Crnojevići, which had earlier been organized into the Sanjak of Scutari in 1499.
2018 Illinois Attorney General election
The 2018 Illinois Attorney General election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the attorney general of Illinois. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Lisa Madigan, who had served since 2003, did not seek re-election to a fifth term. Democrat Kwame Raoul won the election with 55 percent of the vote, while Republican Erika Harold took 43 percent of the vote.

Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois)
The Daily Herald is a daily newspaper based in Arlington Heights, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. The newspaper is distributed in the northern, northwestern and western suburbs of Chicago. It is the namesake of the Daily Herald Media Group, and through it is the leading subsidiary of Paddock Publications.

The paper started in 1871 and was independently owned and run by four generations of the Paddock family.  In 2018, the Paddock family sold its stake in the paper to its employees through an employee stock ownership plan.
Hoban Dominican High School
Hoban Dominican High School was one of seven all-female Catholic high school located in Cleveland, Ohio.  It was located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland. The academic environment provided a 12 to 1 student to faculty ratio with an average of 23 students per class. 96% of Hoban Dominican students were Catholic and represented over 70 parishes.

Diocese of Cleveland
The Diocese of Cleveland (Latin: Dioecesis Clevelandensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northeastern Ohio in the United States. The bishop is Edward Malesic. The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, located in Cleveland, is the mother church.
El Reno, Oklahoma
El Reno is a city in and the county seat of Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 16,989, marking a change of 1.55% from 16,729, recorded in the 2010 census. The city was begun shortly after the 1889 land rush and named for the nearby Fort Reno. It is located in Central Oklahoma, about 25 miles (40 km) west of downtown Oklahoma City.

Central Oklahoma
Central Oklahoma is the geographical name for the central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is also known by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Frontier Country, defined as the 12-county region including Canadian, Grady, Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, McClain, Payne, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole, Okfuskee, and Hughes counties.

Central Oklahoma is dominated by the largest urban area in the state, the Greater Oklahoma City area. Oklahoma City is the political, economic, tourism, commercial, industrial, financial, and geographical hub of the state, as well as being its primary cultural center. The only Central Oklahoma city which is not officially considered a suburb of Oklahoma City is Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Finn Russell
Finn Alastair Russell (born 23 September 1992) is a Scottish professional rugby union player who plays as a fly-half for Premiership Rugby club Bath and often captains the Scotland national team.

Russell made his international debut against the United States in 2014, and has since played over eighty test matches. He has also represented the British & Irish Lions during their tours of New Zealand in 2017, South Africa in 2021 and Australia in 2025 playing in three tests. In 2024, Russell featured in the Netflix documentary Six Nations Full Contact.

Russell has been described as one of Scotland’s greatest-ever players and among the best players in the world. Gregor Townsend praised him as “one of the most skilful players to ever play the game”, while Johann van Graan described him as “world-class” and “a genius [who] hits a target that nobody else can see”.

2024–25 Premiership Rugby
The 2024–25 Premiership Rugby is the 38th season of the top flight of English domestic rugby union competition. The season began on 20 September 2024 and finished on 14 June 2025.

The reigning champions entering the season are Northampton Saints, who claimed their second league title after winning the 2024 final. No team was promoted from the 2023–24 RFU Championship, as the champions, Ealing Trailfinders, were not able to meet the eligibility criteria required to enter the league.
Nasal infix
The nasal infix is a reconstructed nasal consonant or syllable *⟨n(é)⟩ that was inserted (infixed) into the stem or root of a word in the Proto-Indo-European language. It has reflexes in several ancient and modern Indo-European languages. It is one of the affixes that mark the present tense.

Aorist
Aorist (abbreviated AOR) verb forms usually express perfective aspect and refer to past events, similar to a preterite. Ancient Greek grammar had the aorist form, and the grammars of other Indo-European languages and languages influenced by the Indo-European grammatical tradition, such as Middle Persian, Sanskrit, Armenian, the South Slavic languages, Georgian, Pontic Greek, and Pashto, also have forms referred to as aorist.

The word comes from Ancient Greek ἀόριστος (aóristos 'indefinite'), as the aorist was the unmarked (default) form of the verb, and thus did not have the implications of the imperfective aspect, which referred to an ongoing or repeated situation, or the perfect, which referred to a situation with a continuing relevance; instead it described an action "pure and simple".

Because the aorist was the unmarked aspect in Ancient Greek, the term is sometimes applied to unmarked verb forms in other languages, such as the habitual aspect in Turkish.
Dieter Hecking
Dieter-Klaus Hecking (pronounced [ˈdiːtɐ ˈhɛkɪŋ]; born 12 September 1964) is a German football manager and former professional player who last managed VfL Bochum. He played for Hannover 96 and Eintracht Braunschweig as a midfielder. He returned to manage Hannover despite the long-standing and bitter rivalry between the two clubs.

2005–06 2. Bundesliga
The 2005–06 2. Bundesliga was the 32nd season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. VfL Bochum, Alemannia Aachen, and Energie Cottbus were promoted to the Bundesliga while Dynamo Dresden, 1. FC Saarbrücken, LR Ahlen, and Sportfreunde Siegen were relegated to the Regionalliga.
Rainer Hasler
Rainer Hasler (2 July 1958 – c. 29 October 2014) was a Liechtenstein footballer who played as a right-back. In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's jubilee, he was selected by the Liechtenstein Football Association as the country's Golden Player, the greatest player of the last 50 years.

UEFA Jubilee Awards
To celebrate the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)'s 50th anniversary in 2004, each of its member associations was asked by UEFA to choose one of its own players as the single most outstanding player of the past 50 years (1954–2003).
Grane, Nordland
Graneⓘ (Norwegian) or Gaala (Southern Sami) is a village in Grane Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located along the river Vefsna, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the village of Trofors, the municipal centre.

The European route E6 highway and the Nordland Line railway both pass by on the west side of the village. Grane Church is located in the village.

Vefsna
Vefsna (Norwegian), Vaapstenjeanoe (Southern Sami), or Vapstälven (Swedish) is the largest river in Nordland county, Norway. It is 163 kilometres (101 mi) long and drains a watershed of 4,122 square kilometres (1,592 sq mi). Its headwaters lie in the mountains of Børgefjell National Park at the lake Simskardvatnet. The river runs through Hattfjelldal Municipality, Grane Municipality, and Vefsn Municipality. The southern parts of the river are sometimes called the river Susna. The river flows north, not far from the Swedish border, and some of the minor tributaries come from Sweden. At the town of Mosjøen, the river discharges into the Vefsnfjorden. The Laksforsen waterfall lies along its course.

Historically, it was an important salmon fishery, but it has now been infected with the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris.
Pyanopsia
Pyanopsia /ˌpaɪəˈnɒpʃə, -ˈnɒpsiə/ (Πυανόψια) or Pyanepsia /ˌpaɪəˈnɛpʃə, -ˈnɛpsiə/ (Πυανέψια) was an ancient Athenian festival held in honor of Apollo in Athens on the 7th day of the month Pyanepsion (October/November). Its name literally means "bean-stewing", in reference to one of the sacred offerings given during this time, and is taken from the Greek words πύανος - pyanos "bean" and ἕψειν - hepsein "to boil".

Horae
In Greek mythology, the Horae (/ˈhɔːriː/), Horai (/ˈhɔːraɪ/) or Hours (Ancient Greek: Ὧραι, romanized: Hôrai, lit. 'Seasons', pronounced [hɔ̂ːrai̯]) were the goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of time.
401 Ottilia
401 Ottilia is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf on March 16, 1895, in Heidelberg. It is named after the Germanic folkloric character Ottilia.

The semi-major axis of the orbit of 401 Ottilia at 3.47 AU lies just outside the 2:1 Kirkwood gap, located at 3.27 AU. 401 Ottilia is part of the Cybele asteroid group.

Cybele asteroids
The Cybele asteroids  (also known as the "Cybeles") are a dynamical group of asteroids, named after the asteroid 65 Cybele. Considered by some as the last outpost of an extended asteroid belt, the group consists of just over 2000 members and a few collisional families. Their orbit is defined by an osculating semi-major axis of 3.27 to 3.70 AU, with an eccentricity of less than 0.3, and an inclination less than 30°.

The dynamical Cybele group is located adjacent to the outermost asteroid belt, beyond the Hecuba gap  – the 2:1 resonant zone with Jupiter, where the Griqua asteroids are located – and inside the orbital region of the Hilda asteroids (3:2 resonance), which are themselves followed by the Jupiter trojans (1:1 resonance) further out.
DGSAT I
DGSAT I is a quenched, ultra diffuse galaxy (UDG) located on the outskirts of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster, identified in 2016 during a visual inspection of a full color image of the Andromeda II dwarf galaxy. DGSAT I resides in a low-density environment compared to the densities where UDGs are typically found. Its chemical makeup have led astronomers to propose it was formed during the dawn of the universe when galaxies emerged in a different environment than today.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
Lewis A. Grant
Lewis Addison Grant (January 17, 1828 – March 20, 1918) was a teacher, lawyer, soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and later United States Assistant Secretary of War. He was among the leading officers from the state of Vermont, and received the Medal of Honor for "personal gallantry and intrepidity."

Battle of Salem Church
38°17′20″N 77°31′51″W﻿ / ﻿38.28889°N 77.53083°W﻿ / 38.28889; -77.53083

The Battle of Salem Church, took place on May 4 respectively, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War.
Thompson transitivity theorem
In mathematical finite group theory, the Thompson transitivity theorem gives conditions under which the centralizer of an abelian subgroup A acts transitively on certain subgroups normalized by A. It originated in the proof of the odd order theorem by Feit and  Thompson (1963), where it was used to prove the Thompson uniqueness theorem.

Thompson uniqueness theorem
In mathematical finite group theory, Thompson's original uniqueness theorem (Feit & Thompson 1963, theorems 24.5 and 25.2) states that in a minimal simple finite group of odd order there is a unique maximal subgroup containing a given elementary abelian subgroup of rank 3. Bender (1970) gave a shorter proof of the uniqueness theorem.
William Crook (politician)
William Herbert Crook (April 18, 1925 – October 29, 1997) was an American preacher turned politician, national director of the Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) program and U.S. Ambassador to Australia.

William Herbert Crook was born in Momence, Illinois on April 18, 1925. In 1954, Crook married Eleanor Butt, daughter of Howard Edward Butt Sr., the founder of the H-E-B grocery store chain. They had three children, William Crook Jr., Elizabeth Crook, and Noel Moore. He died on October 29, 1997, at the age of 72.

H-E-B
H-E-B Grocery Company, LP, is an American privately held supermarket chain based in San Antonio, Texas, with more than 435 stores throughout Texas and Mexico. The company also operates Central Market, an upscale organic and fine foods retailer.

As of 2022, the company had a total revenue of US$38.9 billion.

H-E-B ranked number 6 on Forbes' 2022 list of "America's Largest Private Companies". The company also ranked number 3 on Forbes' 2024 list of "Customer Experience All-Stars." H-E-B was named Retailer of the Year in 2010 by Progressive Grocer. Supermarket News ranks H-E-B 13th on the list of "Top 75 North American Food Retailers" by sales. Based on 2019 revenues, H-E-B is the 19th-largest retailer in the United States. It donates 5% of pretax profits to charity.

The official mascot of H-E-B is named H-E-Buddy, an anthropomorphic brown grocery bag, with multiple grocery items emerging from the top.
Cleidion
Cleidion is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described in 1826. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera  (Acalypha, Acidoton, Adenophaedra, Alchornea, Bocquillonia, Cleidiocarpon, Conceveiba, Macaranga, Orfilea, Plukenetia, Trigonostemon)

Acidoton
Acidoton is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1788. It is native to the Greater Antilles, Central America, and tropical South America.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Flueggea Jablonskia Margaritaria Meineckia Securinega )
Daedalia Planum
Daedalia Planum is a plain on Mars located south of Arsia Mons at 21°48′S 128°00′W﻿ / ﻿21.8°S 128.0°W﻿ / -21.8; -128.0 and appears to be relatively featureless plain with multiple lava flows and small craters. It is mostly in the Memnonia quadrangle, but parts are in Tharsis quadrangle and Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle.  Modern imagery suggests that it may more accurately be called a "fluctus" rather than a "planum".

There is evidence that an ancient 4500 km-diameter impact basin formed in the Noachian epoch may be centered in Daedalia Planum.

MOLA map showing boundaries of Daedalia Planum and other regions.  Colors show elevations.

Layers in crater wall, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

Layers exposed at the base of a group of buttes in Mangala Valles in Memnonia quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program.  Arrows point to boulders sitting in pits.  The pits may have formed by winds, heat from the boulders melting ground ice, or some other process.

Tharsis quadrangle
The Tharsis quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Tharsis quadrangle is also referred to as MC-9 (Mars Chart-9).
The name Tharsis refers to a land mentioned in the Bible. It may be at the location of the old town of Tartessus at the mouth of Guadalquivir.

The quadrangle covers the area from 90° to 135° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars and contains most of the Tharsis Rise. The plateau is about as high as Earth's Mount Everest and about as big in area as all of Europe. Tharsis contains a group of large volcanoes. Olympus Mons is the tallest.

Within the quadrangle, the two largest impact craters are Poynting and Paros.
WUTR
WUTR (channel 20) is a television station in Utica, New York, United States, serving as the ABC affiliate for the Mohawk Valley. It is owned by Mission Broadcasting, which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of Fox affiliate/CW+ owned-and-operated station WFXV (channel 33) and low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate WPNY-LD (channel 11), for the provision of certain services. The three stations share studios on Smith Hill Road in Deerfield (with a Utica mailing address), where WUTR's transmitter is also located.

Mission Broadcasting
Mission Broadcasting, Inc. is a television station group that owns 29 full-power television stations in 26 markets in the United States. The group's chair is Nancie Smith, the widow of David S. Smith, who founded the company in 1996 and died in 2011. All but one of Mission's stations are located in markets where Nexstar Media Group also owns a station, and all of Mission's stations (including its lone stand-alone station) are managed by Nexstar through shared services and local marketing agreements—effectively creating duopolies between the top two stations in a market or in markets with too few stations or unique station owners to legally allow duopolies. The company moved its headquarters from Westlake, Ohio, to Wichita Falls, Texas, in 2018. The company's stations are based in markets as large as New York City and as small as Grand Junction, Colorado.
Pitchfork Music Festival Paris 2014
The Pitchfork Music Festival Paris 2014 was held on 30 October to 1 November 2014 at the Grande halle de la Villette, Paris, France. The festival was headlined by Belle and Sebastian, Caribou and James Blake.

Pitchfork Music Festival
Pitchfork Music Festival was an annual music festival in Union Park in Chicago, Illinois, organized by the online magazine Pitchfork. Starting in 2011, the festival announced a branch staged in Paris at Grande halle de la Villette. The festival, which is normally held over three days (Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) in July, focuses primarily on artists and bands from the alternative rock, hip hop, electronic and dance music genres, although it has also ranged into hardcore punk, experimental rock and jazz in its lineups. A festival planned for Berlin at Tempodrom in 2020 was cancelled.

In addition to music, Pitchfork Festival also includes food, beverages, art, and gig posters from local, regional, and national vendors. In November 2024, Condé Nast announced that the Chicago Pitchfork Music Festival was permanently closing, though the fate of the Paris branch is unclear.
Hoist (mining)
In underground mining a hoist or winder is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft.  Modern hoists are normally powered using electric motors, historically with direct current drives utilizing Ward Leonard control machines and later solid-state converters (thyristors), although modern large hoists use alternating current drives that are variable frequency controlled. There are three principal types of hoists used in mining applications:

Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft enabling a taut cable or belt passing over the wheel to move and change direction, or transfer power between itself and a shaft.

A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain.