hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus trinidadensis
Aspergillus trinidadensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It belongs to the group of black Aspergilli that are used in industry to create enzymes and other products. It is from the Nigri section. The species was first described in 2012.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Thunder Creek (1912–1938 electoral district)
Thunder Creek is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. This district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912. The constituency was dissolved and combined with the Arm River, Morse, and Lumsden districts before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938.

This district was revived for the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975.

Lumsden (electoral district)
Lumsden was a provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The district was one of 25 created before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905. It was the riding of Premier Thomas Walter Scott.

The Lumsden constituency was renamed "Regina County" between the 1908 election and the 1912 election. Redrawn to include the area of the abolished district of North Qu'Appelle in 1934, the constituency was renamed "Qu'Appelle". Redrawn and renamed again as "Qu'Appelle-Lumsden" in 1982, the riding was abolished before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995. It is now part of the Regina Qu'Appelle Valley, Lumsden-Morse, and Last Mountain-Touchwood constituencies.
Caribbean Shaktism
Caribbean Shaktism, also known as Kalimai Dharma or Madras Religion in Guyana, refers to the syncretic Shakti Kali/Mariamman worship that has evolved within the Indo-Caribbean Tamil community in countries such as Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Guadeloupe, Martinique and other Caribbean countries. It can be found across the Caribbean and any South American country with an Indo-Caribbean community. It is a syncretic blend of Dravidian folk religion, and  Bhojpuri Folk Hinduism with communities in Trinidad and Tobago, Martinique, and Guadeloupe adding on elements from Catholicism.

Similar traditions to this (which also have its origins in Tamil Mariamman Worship) can be found in the Tamil populations of South Africa, Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji and Vietnam.

Kateri Amman
Kateri Amman (Tamil: காட்டேரி அம்மன்), also abbreviated to Kateri, is a Hindu goddess. Her worship originates in the Dravidian folk religion, that is classified under Hinduism.

In Tamil Nadu, she is often regarded as a form of Parvati, who acts as a guardian deity of a given town. Some of her adherents also regard her to be a form of Mahadevi, tasked with the responsibility of destroying sicknesses during the Kali Yuga. The goddess is often depicted with her consort, Munishvaran.
E-GMS
The e-Government Metadata Standard, e-GMS, is the UK e-Government Metadata Standard. It defines how UK public sector bodies should label content such as web pages and documents to make such information more easily managed, found and shared.

The metadata standard is an application profile of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set and consists of mandatory, recommended and optional metadata elements such as title, date created and description.

The e-GMS formed part of the e-Government Metadata Framework (e-GMF) and eGovernment Interoperability Framework (e-GIF). The standard helps provide a basis for the adoption of XML schemas for data exchange.

Dublin Core
The Dublin Core vocabulary, also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Terms (DCMT), is a general purpose metadata vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It was first developed for describing web content in the early days of the World Wide Web. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is responsible for maintaining the Dublin Core vocabulary.

In March 1995,  in Dublin, Ohio, National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Online Computer Library Center held a joint workshop to discuss metadata semantics.

Initially developed as fifteen terms in 1998 the set of elements has grown over time and in 2008 was redefined as a Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary.

Designed with minimal constraints, each Dublin Core element is optional and may be repeated. There is no prescribed order in Dublin Core for presenting or using the elements.
Eder (footballer, born 1987)
Ederzito António Macedo Lopes ComM (born 22 December 1987), commonly known as Eder (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛðɛɾ]), is a former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He signed with Académica in 2008 from the lower leagues, and joined Braga four years later. Over seven seasons, he appeared in 143 Primeira Liga matches and scored 38 goals. He also played in Wales, France, Russia and Saudi Arabia, notably winning the 2017–18 Premier League with Lokomotiv Moscow.

Eder was born in Guinea-Bissau. A Portugal international since 2012, he represented the country at the 2014 World Cup and Euro 2016, winning the latter and also scoring the sole goal in the final.

2011–12 Taça de Portugal
The 2011–12 Taça de Portugal (also known as the 2011–12 Taça de Portugal Millenium) was the 72nd season of the Taça de Portugal (English: Portuguese Cup), the premier Portuguese football knockout competition, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The final was played on 20 May 2012 between Académica de Coimbra, returning to the final for the first time since 1969, and Sporting CP, and was won by Associação Acadêmica de Coimbra. The winners qualified for the group stage of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.

Porto were the previous holders, having won the competition for a third consecutive time after beating Vitória de Guimarães 6–2 in the previous season's final. However, Porto was not able to defend the title as they were defeated 3–0 by Académica de Coimbra in the fourth round.
Rakovica Monastery
The Rakovica Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Раковица, romanized: Manastir Rakovica) is the monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church, within the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci, located in the municipality of Rakovica in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is dedicated to the archangels Michael and Gabriel.

Mentioned in the 16th century, the Rakovica Monastery is the oldest holy object in Belgrade, where the regular service is still being held.

The central part of the coat of arms of the Rakovica municipality is occupied by the representation Rakovica monastery.

Slava (tradition)
Slava (Serbian: Слава, lit. 'Celebration', pronounced [ˈslâʋa]) is a family's annual ceremony and veneration of their patron saint, found mainly among ethnic Serbs.

Although its origin is unknown, this old tradition is an important ethnic marker of Serbian identity. It is a tribute to the family's first ancestor, who was baptized into Christianity, with its presiding saint. Slava is passed down exclusively through male lineage and it symbolizes family identity, unity, and faith.

In 2014, Slava was inscribed on UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of Serbia. In general, the observance of Slava remains one of the most enduring and cherished traditions among Serbs worldwide.
Star Wars Customizable Card Game
Star Wars: Customizable Card Game (SW:CCG) is an out-of-print customizable card game based on the Star Wars fictional universe. It was created by Decipher, Inc., which also produced the Star Trek Customizable Card Game and The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game. The game was produced from December 1995 until December 2001. Since 2002, the game has been maintained by the Star Wars CCG Players Committee, with new virtual cards being released every few months and the capability to play both in person and online.

Qui-Gon Jinn
Qui-Gon Jinn (/ˈkwaɪɡɒn/) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced as a Jedi Master in the prequel film The Phantom Menace (1999), and is portrayed by Liam Neeson. He appears in the series Tales of the Jedi, and is featured as a Force spirit in the animated series The Clone Wars (2008) and the live-action miniseries Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022). Qui-Gon also appears in novels, comics and video games.

In The Phantom Menace, Qui-Gon and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi are tasked with protecting Padmé Amidala, the queen of Naboo. On the planet Tatooine, they encounter a young slave named Anakin Skywalker, whom Qui-Gon believes is the "Chosen One" destined to bring balance to the Force. When Qui-Gon is fatally wounded in a lightsaber duel against Darth Maul, he asks Obi-Wan to train Anakin. The 2005 film Revenge of the Sith reveals that Qui-Gon learned how to become a Force spirit after death, an ability which he later taught to Obi-Wan and Yoda.
Ongeluk Large Igneous Province
The Ongeluk Large Igneous Province (Ongeluk LIP) is an early Paleoproterozoic large igneous province which resulted from the Ongeluk magmatic event, whose remnants are preserved on the Kaapvaal craton, within its  South African part. The Ongeluk LIP was defined in 2017 (Gumsley et al., 2017). It consists of the Ongeluk Formation within the Griqualand West sub-basin of the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup and its feeders and an associated dolerite dyke swarm.

Filamentous fossils dated to 2.4 Ga were found in basalt samples from the Ongeluk Formation, which were suggested to be fossils of fungi-like organisms.

Paleoproterozoic
The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago (2.5–1.6 Ga). It is further subdivided into four geologic periods, namely the Siderian, Rhyacian, Orosirian and Statherian.

Paleontological evidence suggests that the Earth's rotational rate ~1.8 billion years ago equated to 20-hour days, implying a total of ~450 days per year. It was during this era that the continents first stabilized.
Hanoi University of Science and Technology
The Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST; Vietnamese: Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội, lit. 'Hanoi Polytechnic', formerly known in English as Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) until 2010) is the first and largest technical university and the most prestigious university in Vietnam.

Ministry of Industry and Trade (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT, Vietnamese: Bộ Công thương) is the government ministry in Vietnam responsible for the advancement, promotion, governance, regulation, management and growth of industry and trade. The former Ministry of Trade has its origins in 1945 with the formation of the modern National Unification Cabinet, and became a ministry in its own right in 1955. The Ministry of Trade merged with the Ministry of Industry in 2007 to form the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
The current Minister of Industry and Trade is Nguyễn Hồng Diên. The Ministry's main offices are located in Hanoi.
Vladimír Petříček
Vladimír Petříček (born 17 June 1948) is a retired Czech rowing coxswain who competed for Czechoslovakia. He had his best achievements in the coxed pairs with Oldřich Svojanovský and Pavel Svojanovský, winning the European title in 1969, an Olympic silver medal in 1972, and a world championships bronze medal in 1974. He also won a bronze medal in the coxed fours at the 1972 Olympics and finished fourth in 1976.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Therac-25
The Therac-25 was a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) in 1982 after the Therac-6 (neptune) and Therac-20 units (the earlier units had been produced in partnership with Compagnie générale de radiologie (CGR) of France).

The Therac-25 was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which some patients were given massive overdoses of radiation.: 425  Because of concurrent programming errors (also known as race conditions), it sometimes gave its patients radiation doses that were hundreds of times greater than normal, resulting in death or serious injury. These accidents highlighted the dangers of software control of safety-critical systems.

The Therac-25 has become a case study in health informatics, software engineering, and computer ethics. The incidents highlight the dangers of engineer overconfidence: page428  after the engineers dismissed end user reports, leading to severe consequences.

Interlock (engineering)
An interlock is a feature that makes the state of two mechanisms or functions mutually dependent. It may consist of any electrical or mechanical devices, or systems. In most applications, an interlock is used to help prevent any damage to the machine or to the operator handling the machine. For example, elevators are equipped with an interlock that prevents the moving elevator from opening its doors and prevents the stationary elevator (with open doors) from moving.

Interlocks may include sophisticated elements such as curtains of infrared beams, photodetectors, simple switches, and locks. It can also be a computer containing an interlocking computer program with digital or analogue electronics.
Dungan people
Dungan is a term used in territories of the former Soviet Union to refer to a group of Muslims of Hui origin. Turkic-speaking peoples in Xinjiang also sometimes refer to Hui Muslims as Dungans. The Dungans in Central Asia, however, refer themselves by their endonym Hui (Dungan: Хуэй).

In the censuses of the countries of the former Soviet Union, the Dungans (enumerated separately from Chinese) are found in Kazakhstan (36,900 according to the 1999 census), Kyrgyzstan (58,409 according to the 2009 census) and Russia (801 according to the 2002 census).

Akhund
Akhund (Persian: آخوند) is a Persian title or surname for Islamic scholars, common in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Azerbaijan. Other names for similar Muslim scholars include Sheikh and Mullah.

The Standard Chinese word for Imam (Chinese: 阿訇; pinyin: āhōng), used in particular by the Hui people, also derives from this term. Other similar Chinese terms (Chinese: 阿衡; pinyin: āhéng and Chinese: 阿洪; pinyin: āhóng) also exist.
Ordination of women and the Catholic Church
In the liturgical traditions of the Catholic Church, the term ordination refers to the means by which a person is included in one of the holy orders of bishops, priests, or deacons. The teaching of the Catholic Church on ordination, as expressed in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and Ordinatio sacerdotalis (an apostolic letter), is that only a Catholic male validly receives ordination (ex opere operato), and "that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful." In other words, the male priesthood is not considered by the church a matter of policy,  but an unalterable requirement of God. As with priests and bishops, the church ordains only men as deacons.

Magisterium
The magisterium of the Catholic Church is the church's authority or office to give authentic interpretation of the word of God, "whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition". According to the 1992 Catechism of the Catholic Church, the task of interpretation is vested uniquely in the Pope and the bishops, though the concept has a complex history of development. Scripture and Tradition "make up a single sacred deposit of the Word of God, which is entrusted to the Church", and the magisterium is not independent of this, since "all that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is derived from this single deposit of faith."
West Babylon Union Free School District
The West Babylon Union Free School District is a school district on the South Shore of Long Island in Suffolk County, New York. It serves most of the hamlet of West Babylon and a small part of the hamlet of Babylon in the Town Of Babylon. It has its headquarters in West Babylon.

Babylon, New York
The Town of Babylon is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Its population was 218,223 as of the 2020 census. Parts of Jones Beach Island, Captree Island and Fire Island are in the southernmost part of the town. It borders Nassau County to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. At its westernmost point, it is about 20 miles (32 km) from New York City at the Queens border, and about 30 miles (48 km) from Manhattan. The village of Babylon is also within the town.
Innovia APM 100
The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100 or C-100) is an automated people mover (APM) rolling stock first developed by Westinghouse (later Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation and now Alstom), intended mainly for airport connections and light rail in towns. They are operated by Automatic Train Control (ATC), making it fully automatic and driverless.

The Innovia APM 100 is an evolution of Westinghouse's previous people mover vehicle, the C-100. Bombardier's intended successor to the Innovia APM 100 is the Innovia APM 200 (originally simply known as the Innovia), which made its debut on Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport's Skylink APM. However, the Innovia APM 100 continues to be offered by Bombardier and will remain in service at many airports for years to come. In addition to being used at many airports, the Innovia APM 100 is used on the Miami Metromover which runs throughout Downtown Miami, Florida, United States.

DFW Skylink
Skylink is an automated people mover (APM) system operating at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW). The bi-directional system connects the airsides of the airport's five terminals.

Skylink contains 10 stations (2 per terminal) and 4.81 miles (7.74 km) of elevated track. It utilizes Innovia APM 200 vehicles and is operated by the vehicles' manufacturer, Alstom, under contract with DFW.

The system was opened in 2005 as a replacement for DFW's original APM system, the Vought Airtrans. At opening, it was the world's longest airside airport train system (AirTrain JFK is longer but operates landside).
Forenza
Forenza (Lucano: Ferénze) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza,  Basilicata, southern Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Acerenza, Avigliano, Filiano, Ginestra, Maschito, Palazzo San Gervasio, Pietragalla, Ripacandida.

The village of Forenza is built on a hill top near the ruins of the ancient Samnite city of Forentum, which was occupied by the ancient Romans in 317 BC and destroyed during the Gothic War of 535–553 AD.

Acerenza
Acerenza (Italian: [atʃeˈrɛntsa]; Lucanian: Lagerénze) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Frătești
Frătești is a commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cetatea, Frătești, and Remuș.

The commune is located in the southern part of the county, bordering to the south the county seat, Giurgiu. Frătești also borders the following communes: Stănești to the west, Izvoarele to the northwest, Stoenești to the north, and Daia and Oinacu to the east.

Giurgiu
Giurgiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒjurdʒju] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Гюргево, romanized: Gyurgevo; Turkish: Yergöğü) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. In the past, Giurgiu exported timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imported coal, iron, and textiles.

The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city.
Devolvement
In the investment banking sector, particularly in India, devolvement is a process whereby if an investment issue is undersubscribed, an underwriter is required to subscribe to the remaining shares.  The outstanding unsubscribed amount devolves onto the underwriter. This is also known as hard underwriting.  The Securities and Exchange Board of India publishes guidelines and a recommended method of computation relating to the extent of the devolvement onto a particular underwriter in the case where there are multiple underwriters, or sub-underwriters.

Underwriting
Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.
Fragneto Monforte
Fragneto Monforte is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania.

Fragneto is a green mountainous area whose history dates back from 500 BC.
It is 10 km from Benevento, 65 km from Naples, and 200 km from Rome.

Fragneto Monforte borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Campolattaro, Casalduni, Fragneto l'Abate, Pesco Sannita, Ponte, Pontelandolfo, Torrecuso.

Casalduni
Casalduni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 15 km northwest of Benevento, on the slopes of Monte Cicco on the right of the Tammaro river.