hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Licerio Gerónimo
Licerio Gerónimo e Imaya (August 27, 1855 – January 16, 1924) was a general of the Philippine Revolutionary Forces under Emilio Aguinaldo.  He is remembered in Philippine–American War annals as the opposing general to Major General Henry Ware Lawton at the Battle of San Mateo on December 19, 1899, where Lawton lost his life along with 13 other Americans. Lawton had been previously credited with the capture of the Apache leader Geronimo. Licerio Geronimo possibly possessed Native American descent himself as the Spanish used to send Indios (Native Americans), Mestizos, and Criollos, from the Spanish-Americas to the Philippines during colonial times.

Rodriguez, Rizal
Rodriguez, officially the Municipality of Rodriguez (Tagalog: Bayan ng Rodriguez) and still commonly known by its former name Montalban, is a municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 451,383 people, making it the most populous municipality in the country.

The town is one of the richest municipalities in the country, ranking third in 2016 with an income of ₱691 million.
Wine tourism
Wine tourism, enotourism, oenotourism, or vinitourism is tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting, consumption or purchase of wine, often at or near the source. Unlike other forms of tourism, which are often passive, enotourism may include activities such as visiting wineries, wine tasting , vineyard tours, or actively participating in the wine harvest.

Salta Province
Salta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsalta]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca. It also surrounds Jujuy. To the north it borders Bolivia and Paraguay and to the west lies Chile.
Battle Road
Battle Road, formerly known as the  Old Concord Road and the Bay Road, is a historic road in Massachusetts, United States. It was formerly part of the main road connecting Lexington, Lincoln and Concord, three of the main towns involved in the American Revolutionary War. It was on Battle Road that thousands of colonial militia and British regulars fought during the redcoats' retreat from Concord to Boston on the morning and afternoon of April 19, 1775.

Lincoln, Massachusetts
Lincoln is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,014 according to the 2020 United States census, including residents of Hanscom Air Force Base who live within town limits. The town, located in the MetroWest region of Boston's suburbs, has a large amount of colonial history and a sizeable amount of public conservation land.
Mimesis (biology)
In biology, mimesis (from ancient Greek μίμησις mímēsis, "imitation") is a form of crypsis where living creatures mimic the form, colour and posture of their surroundings to avoid being noticed from their surroundings by predators depending on sight. One view is that mimesis, being a form of crypsis, differs from mimicry, but in English, mimesis is often counted as one of several forms of mimicry.

Lithops
Lithops is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are native to southern Africa. They avoid being eaten by herbivores with their camouflage as small stones, and are often known as pebble plants or living stones.

"Lithops" is both the genus name and the common name, and is singular as well as plural. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words λίθος (líthos) 'stone' and ὄψ (óps) 'face', referring to the stone-like appearance of the plants.
Kaarst
Kaarst (German pronunciation: [ˈkaːɐ̯st] ⓘ; Limburgish: Kaasj) is a town in Germany. It lies in the district of Rhein-Kreis Neuss in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is 5 km west of Neuss and 12 km east of Mönchengladbach.

Rhein-Kreis Neuss
Neuss is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Nearby are the urban districts Mönchengladbach, Krefeld, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Cologne, the districts Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Düren, Heinsberg and the district Viersen.
Trajko Rajković
Trajko Rajković (Serbian Cyrillic: Трајко Рајковић; 7 December 1937 – 27 May 1970) was a Yugoslav professional basketball player. He was a member of the FIBA European Selection Teams, in 1965. He represented Yugoslavia internationally.

First Federal Basketball League
The First Federal Basketball League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna košarkaška liga) was the highest tier level men's professional club basketball competition in the former country of SFR Yugoslavia. Founded in 1945, and folded in 1992 (1991–92 Winer Broker YUBA League), it was run by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia. With a total of 16 European-wide trophy winners and 11 finalists, the Yugoslav First Basketball League was one of the strongest European national domestic basketball leagues of all time.

Although each of the former Yugoslav countries now have their own national domestic leagues, the six nations also now take part in the ABA League (commonly known as the Adriatic League), which was founded in 2001; and which is, the closest basketball league in existence today, that is similar to the former Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League.
1993 Sweden Hockey Games
The 1993 Sweden Hockey Games was played between 11 and 14 February 1993 in Stockholm, Sweden. The Czech Republic,  Sweden, Russia and  Canada played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. All of the games were played in the Globen in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament was won by Sweden.

Sweden Hockey Games
The Beijer Hockey Games (BHG, formerly known as Sweden Hockey Games) is an annual ice hockey tournament held in Sweden as part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was cancelled after the 2013–14 season. However, on 19 January 2016, the Swedish Ice Hockey Association announced the tournament to be restarted for the 2016–17 season. The tournament was also known as the LG Hockey Games between 2006 and 2011, and the Oddset Hockey Games between 2012 and 2014, while under sponsorship naming rights.
Kirkgunzeon
Kirkgunȝeon (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Fhionnain) is a village and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, south west Scotland. The village is 10.4 miles (16.7 km) south west of Dumfries and 4.1 miles (6.6 km) north east of Dalbeattie. The civil parish is in the former county of Kirkcudbrightshire, and is bounded by the parishes Lochrutton to the north, Urr to the west, Colvend and Southwick to the south and New Abbey to the east.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Utopian architecture
Utopian architecture is architecture inspired by utopianism. Examples for such an architecture are Phalanstère, Arcology and Garden Cities. Earthships are realizations of the utopia of sustainable living and autonomous housing. Also, the concept domed city functions as a potential utopia.

Phalanstère
A phalanstère (or phalanstery) was a type of building designed for a self-contained utopian community, ideally consisting of 500–2,000 people working together for mutual benefit, and developed in the early 19th century by Charles Fourier. Fourier chose the name by combining the French word phalange (phalanx, an emblematic military unit in ancient Greece) with the word monastère (monastery).
George Francis Houck
George Francis Houck (July 9, 1847 – March 26, 1916) was Chancellor of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland from 1882 to 1908.: 206 
He also wrote Volume One of the 1903 A History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to December 31, 1900, an overview history of Roman Catholicism in northern Ohio beginning with Catholic missions in the American frontier of the Ohio Country, one of the first settled parts of the Midwestern United States, and concluding with a history of the Cleveland diocese through the end of the 19th century.

Diocese of Cleveland
The Diocese of Cleveland (Latin: Dioecesis Clevelandensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northeastern Ohio in the United States. The bishop is Edward Malesic. The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, located in Cleveland, is the mother church.
Çardak, Silvan
Çardak (Kurdish: Şifqet) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silvan, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe and had a population of 854 in 2022.

Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (Kurdish: Farqîn; Ottoman Turkish: ميا فارقين, romanized: Meyafarikîn, Armenian: Սիլվան, romanized: Silvan) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Pioglitazone/glimepiride
Pioglitazone/glimepiride, sold under the brand name Duetact among others, is a fixed-dose combination anti-diabetic medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It contains the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone and the sulfonylurea glimepiride. It is taken by mouth.

The most common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections (such as colds), hypoesthesia (reduced sense of touch), bone fractures, weight gain, dizziness, flatulence (gas) and edema (swelling).

Pioglitazone makes cells (fat, muscle and liver) more sensitive to insulin, which means that the body makes better use of the insulin it produces. Glimepiride is a sulphonylurea: it stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin. Pioglitazone/glimepiride was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2006, and in the European Union in January 2007.

Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin. Use is recommended together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling. Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.

Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 133rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011.
Ultrasound computer tomography
Ultrasound computer tomography (USCT), sometimes also Ultrasound computed tomography, Ultrasound computerized tomography or just Ultrasound tomography, is a form of medical ultrasound tomography utilizing ultrasound waves as physical phenomenon for imaging. It is mostly in use for soft tissue medical imaging, especially breast imaging.

Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.
Cornish Hall End
Cornish Hall End is a village on the B1057 road three miles north of Finchingfield and 4 miles (6 km) south of Steeple Bumpstead in the Braintree district of Essex, England.  The main part of the village is a ribbon development of about 60 houses on either side of the road with many outlying farms, hamlets and individual houses.

It is approximately 11 miles (18 km) from Braintree, Great Dunmow and Saffron Walden, and about 7 miles (11 km) from Haverhill in Suffolk.

Cornish Hall End is served by a Parish Council which also represents Finchingfield.

Its neighbouring villages are Finchingfield, Stambourne, and the Sampfords (Great Sampford and Little Sampford). Near the village at Herkstead Hall Farm is one of the sources of the River Colne, Essex. It was one of the places studied in the Survey of English Dialects. It is also situated in the small region where the flora Oxlip grows.

Steeple Bumpstead
Steeple Bumpstead is a village and civil parish 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Haverhill in the Braintree district of Essex, England. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,580.

The parish church does not have a steeple, although the Congregational Church has a small Victorian one. It is believed that the steeple referred to was located on the A1017 close to what is now the Wixoe Pumping Station.

Village features include a village hall, School (Steeple Bumpstead Primary school) and park.
Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine (medical thermometer), and in scientific research.

Temperature gradient
A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).

Temperature gradients in the atmosphere are important in the atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields).
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Featherweight
The men's featherweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1956 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was allowed boxers of up to 57 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 23 November to 1 December 1956. 18 boxers from 18 nations competed.

Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at the West Melbourne Stadium. A total number of 164 competitors entered from 35 nations, of whom 161 from 34 nations weighed-in and boxing was held eight nights and five afternoons. The boxing schedule began on 23 November and ended on 1 December. Ten boxing events (all men's individual) were contested.
Mutu (music)
A mutu is a type of improvised sung poetry found in Sardinia. These are traditionally sung mostly by women in response to the male. This type of improvisation called battorinas (in English: quatrains).

Mutus consist of paired verses (in Sardinian: duina), usually one slightly longer than the other (for example 3 + 4 lines). The first is known as the isterrida (opening) and the second as the torrada (response), with the torrada repeating at the argument of the isterrida.
The mutos are sung during the gara (competition) of the cantu a chiterra.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Duke Ding of Qi
Duke Ding of Qi (Chinese: 齊丁公 or 齊玎公; pinyin: Qí Dīng Gōng), personal name Lü Ji, was the second recorded ruler of the Qi state.

According to classical Chinese texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian and Zuo Zhuan, Duke Ding succeeded his father, Duke Tai, who was said to have been a centenarian. Duke Ding supposedly served King Kang of Zhou along with other major vassal state rulers including Xiong Yi, Count Kang of Wey (衞康伯), Ji Xiefu and Bo Qin. However, most modern historians believe Duke Ding was in fact the fifth-generation descendant of Duke Tai, and he could not have served King Kang of Zhou.

After Duke Ding died, he was succeeded by his son, Duke Yi.

King Kang of Zhou
King Kang of Zhou (Chinese: 周康王; died 996/78 BC), personal name Ji Zhao, was the third king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty. He was a son of his predecessor, King Cheng. The dates of his reign are 1020–996 BC or 1005–978 BC.

King Kang followed his father's policy and expanded the Zhou territory in the north and west. He also repressed a rebellion in the east. Life prospered in the Zhou dynasty under King Kang's rule.

His was succeeded by his son, King Zhao.
The Poison of Polygamy
The Poison of Polygamy (Chinese: 多妻毒; pinyin: Duō Qī Dú) is a novel written in Literary Chinese and first published in serial form in the Chinese Times in Melbourne, Australia, between June 1909 and December 1910. It was the first novel by a Chinese diaspora writer to be published in Australia, and the first Chinese-language novel to be published in Australia and possibly in the West. On first publication the author was identified by the alias Jiangxiaerlang. Subsequent research has identified the writer as Wong Shee Ping, a newspaper editor, Christian preacher and republican revolutionary also known as Wong Yau Kung.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.
Sodalis (bacterium)
Sodalis is a genus of bacteria within the family Pectobacteriaceae. This genus contains several insect endosymbionts and also a free-living group. It is studied due to its potential use in the biological control of the tsetse fly. Sodalis is an important model for evolutionary biologists because of its nascent endosymbiosis with insects.

Pectobacteriaceae
The Pectobacteriaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which largely consist of plant pathogens. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. The type species of this family is Pectobacterium.

The name Pectobacteriaceae is derived from the Latin term Pectobacterium, referring the type genus of the family and the suffix "-aceae", an ending used to denote a family. Together, Pectobacteriaceae refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus Pectobacterium.
KAZG
KAZG (1440 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, the station covers the Phoenix metropolitan area. KAZG is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc. and licensed to Phoenix FCC License Sub, LLC.  The station's studios are located in North 52nd Street west of Papago Park and its AM transmitter is in Scottsdale. KAZG can also be heard on 92.7 FM via an FM translator and brands itself as "Oldies 92.7".

KDUS
KDUS (1060 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Tempe, Arizona, United States, and serving the Phoenix metropolitan area. It airs a sports format and is an affiliate of the Vegas Stats & Information Network, along with some programming from Fox Sports Radio. It is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc., with the license held by Phoenix FCC License Sub, LLC. Its studios are on North 52nd Street west of Papago Park and the transmitter is on Calle Bella Vista near Interstate 10 in Guadalupe. The station can also be heard on HD Radio receivers at 100.7 FM KSLX-FM-HD2.
Zhao Cui
Zhao Cui (Chinese: 趙衰), also known by his posthumous name as the Viscount Cheng of Zhao (Chinese: 趙成子), also known as Chengji (成季), was leader of the Zhao clan in the Jin state from 636 BC to 622 BC. He served as dafu (大夫) during the reign of Duke Wen of Jin.

Duke Wen of Jin was exiled due to the Li Ji Unrest prior to taking the Jin throne. Zhao Cui had always accompanied Duke Wen of Jin during this period. In the Qin state, they received the assistance of Duke Mu of Qin.

After Duke Wen of Jin's death, he served Duke Xiang of Jin and participated in the Battle of Pengya. The Jin army defeated the Qin army in this battle.

Duke Xiang of Jin
Duke Xiang of Jin (Chinese: 晉襄公; pinyin: Jìn Xiāng Gōng), personal name Ji Huan, was from 627 to 621 BC the ruler of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Wen, who was one of the Five Hegemons of China's Spring and Autumn period.
Saint-Martin-des-Champs Gospels
The Saint-Martin-des-Champs Gospels is an  illuminated manuscript Gospel book that contains the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament. It was produced in Aachen between the years 783 and 795. It is now in the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal in Paris. 
(Library of the Arsenal)

Gospel Book
A Gospel Book, Evangelion, or Book of the Gospels (Greek: Εὐαγγέλιον, Evangélion) is a codex or bound volume containing one or more of the four Gospels of the Christian New Testament – normally all four – centering on the life of Jesus of Nazareth and the roots of the Christian faith. The term is also used for a liturgical book, also called the Evangeliary, from which are read the portions of the Gospels used in the Mass and other services, arranged according to the order of the liturgical calendar.

Liturgical use in churches of a distinct Gospel book remains normal, often compulsory, in Eastern Christianity, and very common in Roman Catholicism and some parts of Anglicanism and Lutheranism.