hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St John the Baptist's Church, Bollington
St John the Baptist's Church is a redundant Anglican parish church in Church Street, Bollington, Cheshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.  It was a Commissioners' church, having received a grant towards its construction from the Church Building Commission. The parish church is now St Oswald's Church, Bollington.

Commissioners' church
A Commissioners' church, also known as a Waterloo church and Million Act church, is an Anglican church in England or Wales built with money voted by Parliament as a result of the Church Building Act 1818 (58 Geo. 3. c. 45) and the Church Building Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 103). The 1818 act supplied a grant of money and established the Church Building Commission to direct its use, and in 1824 made a further grant of money. In addition to paying for the building of churches, the Commission had powers to divide and subdivide parishes, and to provide endowments. The Commission continued to function as a separate body until the end of 1856, when it was absorbed into the Ecclesiastical Commission. In some cases the Commissioners provided the full cost of the new church; in other cases they provided a partial grant and the balance was raised locally. In total 612 new churches were provided, mainly in expanding industrial towns and cities.
William L. Marbury Jr.
William Luke Marbury Jr. (September 12, 1901 – March 5, 1988) was an American lawyer who practiced with his family's law firm of Marbury, Miller & Evans (later Piper & Marbury, Piper Marbury Rudnick & Wolfe, Piper Rudnick, now DLA Piper). He was known to be a childhood friend of alleged Soviet spy Alger Hiss.

House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives created in 1938. Their goal was to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1946. Then, from 1969 and onward, it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.

The committee's anti-communist investigations are often associated with McCarthyism, although Joseph McCarthy himself (as a U.S. senator) had no direct involvement with the House committee. McCarthy was the chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate, not the House.
2024 Garden Open
The 2024 Garden Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Rome, Italy between 22 and 28 April 2024.

Garden Open
The Roma Garden Open (formerly known as Roma Open and Rai Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Tennis Club Garden in Rome, Italy, since 1996 (as a Satellite from 1996 to 1999, and in 2001, as a Futures in 2000, as a Challenger since 2002).
Malt tax riots
The malt tax riots were a wave of protest against the extension of the English malt tax to Scotland. The riots began in Hamilton on 23 June 1725 and soon spread throughout the country. The fiercest protests, the Shawfield riots, were in Glasgow, but significant disturbances occurred in Edinburgh, Stirling, Dundee, Ayr, Elgin and Paisley.

The Lord Advocate, Robert Dundas, an opponent of the imposition of the malt tax on Scotland, published an anti-malt tax pamphlet and was sacked. General Wade was appointed to quell the protests and several rioters were killed or transported. However, the British government was forced to make concessions, and the riots led to the establishment of the Board of Trustees for Manufacturers and Fisheries in 1727.

Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Hamilton (Scots: Hamiltoun; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Hamaltan [ˈpalə ˈhaməl̪ˠt̪ʰan]) is a large town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area. It sits 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Glasgow, 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Edinburgh and 74 miles (120 km) north of Carlisle. It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde at its confluence with the Avon Water. Hamilton is the county town of the historic county of Lanarkshire and is the location of the headquarters of the modern local authority of South Lanarkshire.

The town itself has a population of around 55,000, which makes it the 9th largest locality in Scotland, and anchors a defined settlement of 84,000 (including neighbouring Blantyre, Bothwell and Uddingston) which is the country's 8th largest.
Queer pedagogy
Queer pedagogy (QP) is an academic discipline devoted to exploring the intersection between queer theory and critical pedagogy, which are both grounded in Marxist critical theory. It is also noted for challenging the so-called "compulsory cisheterosexual and normative structures, practices, and curricula" that marginalize or oppress non-heterosexual students and teachers.

Queer theory
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory which is broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge heteronormativity. Following social constructionist developments in sociology, queer theorists are often critical of what they consider essentialist views of sexuality and gender. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, binaries, and language in which they are said to be portrayed.

It emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. As an academic discipline, queer theory itself was developed by American feminist scholars Judith Butler and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Other scholars associated with the development of queer theory are French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, and American feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.
Population-based incremental learning
In computer science and machine learning, population-based incremental learning (PBIL) is an optimization algorithm, and an estimation of distribution algorithm. This is a type of genetic algorithm where the genotype of an entire population (probability vector) is evolved rather than individual members. The algorithm is proposed by Shumeet Baluja in 1994. The algorithm is simpler than a standard genetic algorithm, and in many cases leads to better results than a standard genetic algorithm.

Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems via biologically inspired operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. Some examples of GA applications include optimizing decision trees for better performance, solving sudoku puzzles, hyperparameter optimization, and causal inference.
Bike MS: City to Shore Ride
The Bike MS: City to Shore Ride is 1 or 2–day ride held in South Jersey. The ride starts at the PATCO Woodcrest Station in Cherry Hill and finishes at the Ocean City High School in Ocean City, New Jersey. Riders also have the option to start in Hammonton or Mays Landing, New Jersey. The ride's purpose is to raise money for multiple sclerosis, a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system.

Started in 1980, the City to Shore Tour attracts over 7,000 cyclists of all ages and cycling abilities for up to 175 miles (282 km) of cycling. The event was canceled for the first time in 2015, due to the threat from Hurricane Joaquin.

National Multiple Sclerosis Society
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1946. It is dedicated to supporting individuals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and funding research to find a cure for the disease. It provides resources, support services, advocacy, and educational programs to improve the lives of people with MS, and their families.
Jiang-style baguazhang
Jiang Style Baguazhang (Chinese: 姜氏八卦掌; pinyin: Jiāng Shì Bāguàzhǎng) is a style of Baguazhang developed by Jiang Rongqiao. A type of Neijia kung fu, it is one of the most widely practiced combined styles of Baguazhang and Xingyiquan in the world today. Jiang-style Baguazhang is distinguished by emphasizing efficiency of movement and ambidextrousness.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Yoram Schweitzer
Yoram Schweitzer is an Israeli intelligence official who is a senior research fellow at Israel's Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) and is director of the institute's Research Program: Terrorism and Low-Intensity Conflict.

During 2017, Schweitzer was to be a visiting fellow at the Center for American Progress. Formerly, he served as a senior Military Intelligence officer and private consultant to the Office of the Prime Minister of Israel.

Schweitzer's areas of research include the Salafi Jihadi “camp” including The Islamic State (Daesh) and its subjected partners; Al Qaeda and its affiliates; Hezbollah; and Palestinian terror groups. He is an authority on terror related topics, including suicide bombings in which he conducted a project interviewing attempted suicide bombers and their dispatchers.

Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)
The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) is an independent think tank affiliated with Tel Aviv University in Israel that conducts research and analysis of national security matters such as military and strategic affairs, terrorism and low intensity conflict, military balance in the Middle East, and cyber warfare.

It is considered Israel's leading security think tank.
Roncà
Roncà is a comune (township) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Verona. As of 1 June 2007, it had an area of 18.22 square kilometres (7.03 mi2). According to the 2021 census 3752 people were living in Roncà.

The municipality of Roncà contains the frazione (subdivision) Terrossa, S. Margherita and Brenton.

Roncà borders the following municipalities: Arzignano, Chiampo, Gambellara, Montebello Vicentino, Montecchia di Crosara, Montorso Vicentino, and San Giovanni Ilarione.

Gambellara
Gambellara is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is northwest of European route E70.

Gambellara is known for its wine production. The area has one DOC classified wine, Gambellara classico and Recioto de Gambellara which was in 2009 upgraded from DOC-level to the highest Italian appellation DOCG. The Recioto is also often made in a sparkling, vat-fermented, version.

The vineyards are dominated by Garganega grapes trained in the traditional "Veronese pergola" system, though a few producers have recently changed to more modern training systems. Most wineyards are cultivated on steep hills with terraces.

The  largest producer in Gambellara is the family-owned Zonin.
2005 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 2005 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship was the 75th staging of the competition since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Traditionally the four provincial championship winners face each other at the All-Ireland semi-final stage.

As the Ulster GAA council did not hold a provincial championship, the fourth semi-final spot was filled by overseas representatives London.

Cork's victory in the final against Meath on 30 July, was the county's 13th in the history of the All-Ireland Junior Football Championship.

1912 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
The 1912 All-Ireland Junior Football Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's second tier Gaelic football championship.

The All-Ireland final was played on 23 February 1913 at Jones's Road in Dublin, between Tipperary and Louth, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Tipperary recovered from a half-time deficit of five points to win the match by 1–04 to 1–03 and claim their first championship title.
Scouting and Guiding in Suriname
The Scout and Guide movement in Suriname is served by

Surinaamse Padvindsters Raad, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Boy Scouts van Suriname, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Gidsen Suriname, the Catholic Guide and Scouts organisation.

Boy Scouts van Suriname
Boy Scouts van Suriname is the national Scouting organization of Suriname. Scouting in Suriname officially started in 1924 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1968. The coeducational association has 2,601 members (as of 2004).
Pachyceras
Pachyceras is a genus of perisphinctoid ammonites from the Middle Jurassic, upper Callovian stage, and is the type genus for the family Pachyceratidae.  The shell is involute, subglobular, with a deep umbilicus and flattened flanks that slope toward a more narrowly rounded venter, and covered by low, widely spaced ribs.

Perisphinctoidea
Perisphinctoidea, formerly Perisphinctaceae, is a superfamily of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) to Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) ammonites, commonly with evolute shells with  strong ribbing that typically divides about mid flank before crossing the venter.
Cumin of Mayo
Saint Cuimín (also Cummin, etc.) is an Irish saint associated with the parish of Kilcummin (Irish: Cill Chuimín "The church of Cuimín") in the barony of Tirawley, County Mayo. Kilcummin, a headland to the west of Killala Bay, preserves the remains of a religious site, with a church of early date and a graveyard. (54°16′38″N 9°12′37″W﻿ / ﻿54.27713°N 9.21015°W﻿ / 54.27713; -9.21015)

Crom Dubh
Crom Dubh (Old Irish: [kɾom ˈd̪uβ], Scottish Gaelic: [kʰɾɔum t̪uh]; meaning "black crooked [one]"; also Crum Dubh, Dark Crom) is a mythological and folkloric figure of Ireland, based on the god Crom Cruach, mentioned in the 12th-century dinnseanchas of Magh Slécht.
Open society
Open society (French: société ouverte) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1932, and describes a dynamic system inclined to moral universalism. Bergson contrasted an open society with what he called a closed society, a closed system of law, morality or religion. Bergson suggests that if all traces of civilization were to disappear, the instincts of the closed society for including or excluding others would remain.

The idea of an open society was further developed during World War II by the Austrian-born Jewish philosopher Karl Popper. Popper saw it as part of a historical continuum reaching from the organic, tribal, or closed society, through the open society (marked by a critical attitude to tradition) to the abstract or depersonalized society lacking all face-to-face interaction transactions.

Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (/ˈbɜːrɡsən, ˈbɛərɡ-/; French: [bɛʁksɔn]; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War, but also after 1966 when Gilles Deleuze published Le Bergsonisme.

Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality. Bergson was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented". In 1930, France awarded him its highest honour, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. Bergson's great popularity created a controversy in France, where his views were seen as opposing the "secular and scientific" attitude adopted by the Republic's officials.
Soul to Soul (soundtrack)
Soul To Soul (Music From The Original Soundtrack - Recorded Live In Ghana, West Africa) is the soundtrack to the concert film Soul to Soul released on Atlantic Records in 1971.

The concert was held for Ghana's 14th Independence Day on March 6, 1971 at the Black Star Square in Accra. It featured an array of performers including Ike & Tina Turner, Wilson Pickett, Santana, Roberta Flack, and The Staple Singers. The concert was later released in theaters in August 1971, and select performances were compiled for the soundtrack album. The album peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Soul LP's chart in 1971.

Soul to Soul (film)
Soul to Soul is a 1971 documentary film about the Independence Day concert held in Accra, Ghana, on 6 March 1971. It features an array of mostly American R&B, soul, rock, and jazz musicians.

Directed by Denis Sanders, Soul to Soul was released in August 1971. The film consists of extensive excerpts from the concert performances, along with documentary footage of the musicians' interactions with local Ghanaians in the days before the show.
Heine Optotechnik
HEINE Optotechnik is a manufacturer of medical diagnostic instruments and is based in Gilching, near Munich, Germany. The company was founded in 1946 by the German physicist Helmut A. Heine and has been a family run company ever since.

A characteristic of the company is that from the initial idea to the finished product, almost all of the critical production steps are carried out in-house to ensure the high quality of the instruments produced. The company specializes in otoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, dermatoscopes, binocular loupes, laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, proctological instruments, fiber-optic examination lights and hand-held slit lamps.

HEINE Optotechnik is represented in over 120 countries around the world, with subsidiaries in Australia, Canada, the US and Switzerland as well as 3,000 representatives, importers and specialist dealers.

Otoscope
An otoscope or auriscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals to examine the ear canal and eardrum. This may be done as part of routine physical examinations, or for evaluating specific ear complaints, such as earaches, sense of fullness in the ear, or hearing loss.
Autovía AG-64
The Autovía AG-64 (also known as Autovía Ferrol - Vilalba) is a local autovía in Galicia, Spain. It is 56 km (35 miles) long and runs from just north of the city of Ferrol to the Autovía A-8 near the town of Vilalba. It was built between 2003 and 2010.

Autovía A-8
The Autovía A-8 is a highway (autovía) that connects all the regions on the Northern Coast of Spain. It is known as the Autovía del Cantábrico (also known as "Transcantábrica") and connects Baamonde (Begonte, Galicia) and Bilbao, where it continues as the Autopista AP-8 to the French border. The road passes Ribadeo, Avilés, Gijón, Santander and Bilbao.
Jie people
The Jie (Chinese: 羯; pinyin: Jié; Wade–Giles: Chieh2; Middle Chinese: [ki̯at]: 246 ), also known as the Jiehu (羯胡), were an ethnic group of northern China in the 4th century. They were part of the Five Barbarians during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Under Shi Le and his family, they established the Later Zhao dynasty which dominated northern China from 319 to 351 AD. The Jie ceased to play a role in Chinese history after Ran Min's culling order and the wars that followed the collapse of Later Zhao. Some figures from the Northern Dynasties were identified as being descended from the Jie.

Ket people
Kets (Russian: кеты; Ket: кето, кет, денг) are a Yeniseian-speaking people in Siberia. During the Russian Empire, they were known as Ostyaks, without differentiating them from several other Siberian people. Later, they became known as Yenisei Ostyaks because they lived in the middle and lower basin of the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai district of Russia. The modern Kets lived along the eastern middle stretch of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia between the 17th and 19th centuries. According to the 2010 census, there were 1,220 Kets in Russia. According to the 2021 census, this number had declined to 1,088.
2023–24 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's basketball team represented Sacred Heart University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Pioneers, led by 11th-year head coach Anthony Latina, played their home games at the William H. Pitt Center in Fairfield, Connecticut as members of the Northeast Conference.

On October 23, 2023, it was announced that this season would be the last for Sacred Heart as members of the Northeast Conference, as they will be joining the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference next season.

Northeast Conference
The NEC (formerly the Northeast Conference) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports; football competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States, from which the conference derives its name.
Duino Mithraeum
The Duino Mithraeum is a Mithraeum located near Duino, in the province of Trieste, north-eastern Italy. Mithraea were places of worship for the followers of the Roman mystery religion known as the Mithraic Mysteries. Unlike most other Mithraea, the Duino Mithraeum is a natural cave, with its interior reshaped.

Province of Trieste
The province of Trieste (Italian: provincia di Trieste) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has a population of 227,792 in an area of 212 square kilometres (82 mi2). It has a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi). Abolished in 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Trieste (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Trieste; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Trst; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Triest), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.

The province contains 6 municipalities (comuni). It is the smallest province in Italy by area, and its land area is much smaller than large Italian cities.