hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic history of India
Since the Iron Age of India, the native languages of the Indian subcontinent have been divided into various language families, of which Indo-Aryan and Dravidian are the most widely spoken. There are also many languages belonging to unrelated language families, such as Munda (from the Austroasiatic family) and Tibeto-Burman (from the Trans-Himalayan family), spoken by smaller groups.

Naṉṉūl
Naṉṉūl (Tamil: நன்னூல்) is a work on Tamil grammar written by a Jain ascetic Pavananthi Munivar around 13th century CE. It is the most significant work on Tamil grammar after Tolkāppiyam. The work credits Western Ganga vassal king Seeya Gangan of Kolar with patronising it.

About 20 commentaries have been written on Nannūl up to 19th century CE. Nannūl was divided into five sections: written language, spoken language, semantics, poetic language and rhetorical devices. The latter three sections have been lost, so only the parts on written and spoken language are extant today.

In Tamil, nal means good and nūl means book, so Nannūl means good book.
Blanche River (Bécancour River tributary, Daveluyville)
The Blanche River (French: rivière Blanche, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ blɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ, lit. 'White River'; formerly designated "rivière Saint-Wenceslas") is a watercourse on the South shore of St. Lawrence River, in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This river flows in the regional county municipalities of:

Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality: municipalities of Sainte-Eulalie, Aston-Jonction, Saint-Wenceslas, Saint-Léonard-d'Aston and Saint-Célestin;

Bécancour Regional County Municipality: city of Bécancour.

Saint-Célestin, Quebec (village)
Saint-Célestin (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ selɛstɛ̃]) is a village municipality in the Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of the province of Quebec in Canada.

It is mostly surrounded by the municipality that is also called Saint-Célestin, and it also borders the city of Bécancour to the northwest.
To Trap a Spy
To Trap a Spy is the feature-length film version of the 70-minute television pilot of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. starring Robert Vaughn. It also features Patricia Crowley, William Marshall, Fritz Weaver and David McCallum. The film was directed by Don Medford.

Napoleon Solo
Napoleon Solo is a fictional character from the 1960s TV spy series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. The series format was notable for pairing the American Solo, played by Robert Vaughn, and the Russian Illya Kuryakin, played by David McCallum, as two spies who work together for an international espionage organisation at the height of the Cold War.
Eric Gordon
Eric Ambrose Gordon Jr. (born December 25, 1988) is a Bahamian-American professional basketball player who last played for the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). In high school, he was named Indiana Mr. Basketball during his senior year while playing at North Central High School. He is known, in part, as the subject of a recruiting competition between the University of Illinois and Indiana University in the spring and summer of 2006; because of Gordon's talent and high level of play that year, his recruitment was the subject of media coverage.

Gordon played one season of college basketball at Indiana and was considered one of the top collegiate players in the nation that year. He finished his freshman season leading the Big Ten in scoring and tied for 19th in the nation at 21.5 points per game. Gordon entered the 2008 NBA draft and was selected seventh overall by the Los Angeles Clippers.

Three-Point Contest
The Three-Point Contest is a National Basketball Association (NBA) contest held on the Saturday before the annual All-Star Game as part of All-Star weekend. The contest was originally named the "Long Distance Shootout".

The 2019 iteration of the contest involved ten participants. From its introduction in 1986 to 2018, eight participants were selected to participate in each season's shootout. In 2002–2003 to 2012-2013 there were six participants. Damian Lillard of the Portland Trail Blazers is the most recent winner of the event, which was held at Intuit Dome in Los Angeles. Buddy Hield also tied Steph Curry’s record of 31 points in the 2025 edition of the three-point contest.
2006 Atlanta Falcons season
The 2006 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's 41st in the National Football League (NFL). The team attempted to improve on their 8–8 record in 2005.

Michael Vick became the first quarterback in modern NFL history to rush for over 1,000 yards, with 1,039. Running back Warrick Dunn rushed for 1,140 yards, making the 2006 Falcons only the fourth team in the history of the NFL and AFL since 1920 to have two 1,000-yard rushers. The Falcons are, however, the only team to have multiple 1,000-yard rushers and finish the season with a losing record.

This was the end of the Michael Vick era in Atlanta as his dog fighting case led to his departure from the team the following season.
Once again, the Falcons failed to make the playoffs despite beginning with a 5–2 record.

Warrick Dunn
Warrick De'Mon Dunn (born January 5, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 12th overall in the 1997 NFL draft, after playing college football for the Florida State Seminoles. Dunn was named AP NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year in 1997 and earned three Pro Bowl selections in his career. After his playing career, Dunn took a minority stake in the Falcons' ownership group led by Arthur Blank.
NGC 43
NGC 43 is a lenticular galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. It has a diameter of approximately 37 kiloparsecs (122,000 light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 11 November 1827.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Pedavena
Pedavena is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto. It is located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Belluno.

Pedavena borders the following municipalities: Feltre, Fonzaso, Sovramonte.

Feltre
Feltre (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfeltre]; Venetian: Fèltre) is a town and comune of the province of Belluno in Veneto, northern Italy. A hill town in the southern reaches of the province, it is located on the Stizzon River, about 4 kilometres (2 miles) from its junction with the Piave, and 20 km (12 mi) southwest from Belluno. The Dolomites loom to the north of the town.

An area incorporating Feltre and 12 contiguous municipalities is known as Feltrino. In 2014, the Feltrino area was formalised in the Unione Montana Feltrina (Feltrino Mountain Community).
2018 Kremlin Cup
The 2018 Kremlin  Cup (also known as the 2018 VTB Kremlin Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 29th edition of the Kremlin Cup for the men and the 23rd edition for the women. The tournament was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2018 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Series of the 2018 WTA Tour. It was the last tournament for now to be held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 15 October through 21 October 2018.

Kremlin Cup
The Kremlin Cup (Russian: Кубок Кремля, romanized: Kubok Kremlya) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts, which has been suspended indefinitely since 2022. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour and was a Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour. It was held annually at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia from 1990 to 2018. In 2019, the Olympic Stadium underwent a reconstruction lasting two years. The 2019 edition of the tournament was held at the Ice Palace Krylatskoye. In 2021, the Kremlin Cup was played at the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace and the Luzhniki Palace of Sports.

Until 2007, it was held on a carpet surface. It was then held on RuKortHard surface until 2015. Since 2016 the tournament has been held on TPSurface.

In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) suspended the tournament indefinitely.
King George Boulevard
King George Boulevard (formerly known as King George Highway) is a major arterial road in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. The 26-kilometre (16 mi) route begins at Highway 99, 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) north of the Peace Arch Border Crossing with the United States, and runs generally northwest to the south end of the Pattullo Bridge, a crossing of the Fraser River that connects Surrey with New Westminster. The majority of the route varies from four to six lanes, and some sections in the north run parallel to the Expo Line, which has two adjacent SkyTrain stations: Scott Road station in South Westminster, and King George station in the Surrey City Centre district.

Peace Arch Border Crossing
The Peace Arch Border Crossing is the common name for the Blaine–Douglas crossing which connects the cities of Blaine, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia on the Canada–United States border. I-5 on the American side joins BC Highway 99 on the Canadian side. Being the most direct route between the major cities of Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, the crossing is the third-busiest on the border with up to 4,800 cars a day. Trucks and other commercial vehicles are prohibited from this location and use the Pacific Highway Border Crossing, which is 1 mile (1.6 km) eastward.
Pokrovsk
Pokrovsk (Ukrainian: Покровськ, IPA: [poˈkrɔu̯sʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Покровск), formerly known as Krasnoarmiisk (until 2016) and Grishino (until 1934), is a city and the administrative center of Pokrovsk Raion in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) northwest of Donetsk. Before 2020, it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Its population was about 60,127 (2022 estimate). As residents fled or were killed during Russia's Pokrovsk offensive, the population declined to around 7,000 as of January 2025, then under 1,500 by late July 2025. Russia captured the city in early 2026.

Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза, romanized: Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, pronounced [ˈmarʂəl sɐˈvʲetskəvə sɐˈjuzə]) was the second-highest military rank of the Soviet Union. It was de facto the highest rank because its superior rank, Generalissimo, was only applied to Joseph Stalin, who preferred to wear the uniform and insignia of a Marshal after World War II.

The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved. Forty-one people held this rank. The equivalent naval rank was until 1955 admiral of the fleet and from 1955 Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.
Tilagupha
Tilagupha (Nepali: तिलागुफा) is an urban municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The total area of the municipality is 262.6 square kilometres (101.4 sq mi), and the total population of the municipality as of 2021 Nepal census is 16,197 individuals. The municipality is divided into total 11 wards.

The municipality was established on 10 March 2017, when Government of Nepal restricted all old administrative structure and announced 744 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015.

Phoi Mahadev, Ranchuli, Jubitha, Chhapre and part of Chilkhaya Village development committees were incorporated to form this new municipality. The headquarters of the municipality is situated at Jubitha.

Ranchuli
Ranchuli  is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1901 people living in 380 individual households.
Mircea Irimescu
Mircea Irimescu (born 13 May 1959) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played for Universitatea Craiova. He earned nine caps for Romania and participated in UEFA Euro 1984.

Irimescu spent most of his playing career with Universitatea, but also played for Electroputere Craiova and German side Sportfreunde Siegen before becoming a coach in his home country.

1979–80 Divizia A
The 1979–80 Divizia A season was the 62nd edition of the Romanian football championship and the 42nd since the introduction of the divisional system. The season began on 12 August 1979 and concluded on 25 May 1980. Universitatea Craiova won the championship for the second time in its history.
Darawank, New South Wales
Darawank is a small village area located approximately 10 km north of Forster and Tuncurry along the Lakes Way Road towards Taree where the road meets the Wallamba River.

Darawank is Aboriginal for "Dark Waters".

Forster, New South Wales
Forster (/ˈfɒstər/ FOST-ər) is a coastal town in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, on country of the Worimi People, Australia, in the Mid-Coast Council LGA, about 308 km north-north-east of Sydney. It is immediately adjacent to its twin, Tuncurry, which is the smaller of the two towns. Forster is known for its stunning waters and Manning Valley beauty.
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined.  There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.

Chromate and dichromate
Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO2−4. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr2O2−7. They are oxyanions of chromium in the +6 oxidation state and are moderately strong oxidizing agents. In an aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate ions can be interconvertible.
1939 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1939 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1939 college football season.  The team was led by their head coach Henry Redd and finished with a record of four wins, five losses and one tie (4–5–1).

VPI was ranked at No. 110 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.

Henry Redd
Henry Barksdale "Puss" Redd (January 22, 1895 – January 1, 1960) was head football coach at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI)—now Virginia Tech—from 1932 to 1940. He also served as the school's men's basketball head coach for one season in 1926–27. Redd played college football for Tech in 1916 and 1917 before entering active service in World War I as a lieutenant in the artillery. He reentered school after the war and played again on the 1919 and 1920 teams, serving as captain for the 1920 season.  He graduated in 1921.   He was inducted into the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 1985.
2025 General Tire 200 (Talladega)
The 2025 General Tire 200 was the 3rd stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 63rd running of the event. The race was held on Saturday, April 26, 2025, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama, a 2.66 mile (4.28 km) permanent quad-oval shaped asphalt superspeedway. The race was scheduled to be contested over 76 laps, but was extended to 77 laps due to an overtime finish. In an action-packed race, Lawless Alan, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would take the lead in the late stages, and won the race after the caution came out on the final restart. This was Alan's first career ARCA Menards Series win. This Was Also The Final ARCA Win For Venturini Motorsports. To fill out the podium, Thad Moffitt, driving for Nitro Motorsports, and Isabella Robusto, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Venturini Motorsports
Venturini Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West. Founded in 1982 by Bill Venturini Sr., Venturini Motorsports was the longest continually operated ARCA racing team in the United States. The team was based in Concord, North Carolina.

The team announced on April 18, 2025 that they will shut down their operations, transferring the ownership to Nitro Motorsports beginning on October 15.
Marilyn Szalay
Marilyn Szalay (1950-2012) was a contemporary figurative realist painter and draftsperson. Best known for her oversized charcoal drawings of humans and animals, her aesthetic came from journalistic photography and her work relies on strong draftsmanship and powerful compositions with great psychological depth. Hellen Cullinan of the Cleveland Plain Dealer said of Szalay's work, "Powerfully expressive gestural and facial closeup details reflect Szalay's command of behavioral and physical characteristics."

For the span of her almost 40 year career as a fine artist, Szalay was an instructor of life drawing at every major art institution in Northeast Ohio.

Jewish Community Center
A Jewish Community Center or Centre (JCC) is a general recreational, social, and fraternal organization serving the Jewish community in a number of cities. JCCs promote Jewish culture and heritage through holiday celebrations, Israel-related programming, and other Jewish education. However, they are open to everyone in the community.

JCC Association of North America is the continental umbrella organization for the Jewish Community Center movement, which includes nearly 150 JCCs, YM–YWHAs, and camp sites in the U.S. and Canada.
Bulgarian Braille
Bulgarian Braille is a braille alphabet for writing the Bulgarian language. It is based on the unified international braille conventions, with braille letters approximating their Latin transliteration, and the same punctuation, with the French question mark. In Bulgarian, it is known as Брайлова азбука (Brailova azbuka) "braille alphabet".

International uniformity of braille alphabets
The goal of braille uniformity is to unify the braille alphabets of the world as much as possible, so that literacy in one braille alphabet readily transfers to another. Unification was first achieved by a convention of the International Congress on Work for the Blind in 1878, where it was decided to replace the mutually incompatible national conventions of the time with the French values of the basic Latin alphabet, both for languages that use Latin-based alphabets and, through their Latin equivalents, for languages that use other scripts. However, the unification did not address letters beyond these 26, leaving French and German Braille partially incompatible and as braille spread to new languages with new needs, national conventions again became disparate. A second round of unification was undertaken under the auspices of UNESCO in 1951, setting the foundation for international braille usage today.
Space Harrier 3-D
Space Harrier 3-D (スペースハリアー3D, Supēsu Hariā Surī Dī) is a 1988 rail shooter video game developed and published by Sega for the Master System. It is a sequel to the original Space Harrier, released in 1985.

Rail shooter
Rail shooter, also known as on-rails shooter, is a subgenre of shoot 'em up video game. Beginning with arcade games such as the 1985 Space Harrier, the gameplay locks the player character into a set path, only allowing for limited or no divergence from it, in a manner similar to a theme park dark ride, which is typically on train tracks. While moving on this path, players must aim and shoot enemies while dodging projectiles and avoiding damage.

Many rail shooters feature a flying protagonist or ship. Some take place while walking, running or driving. While rail shooters saw a resurgence on the Wii due to its Wii Remote control scheme, new games in the genre are considered a rarity in the modern day, although many games of other genres contain rail shooter segments.
Korach (parashah)
Korach or Korah (Hebrew: קֹרַח Qoraḥ—the name "Korah," which in turn means baldness, ice, hail, or frost, the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 38th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Numbers. It tells of Korach's failed attempt to overthrow Moses.

The parashah comprises Numbers 16:1–18:32. It is made up of 5,325 Hebrew letters, 1,409 Hebrew words, 95 verses, and 184 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Korach is generally read in June or July.

The Latin and other Christian translations have a different division of chapters and verses from that later adopted for the Hebrew, where the xvi chapter has fifty verses, until the Hebrew xvii:15, and the xvii chapter, starting from the Hebrew xvii:16, has only thirteen verses.

Gunther Plaut
Wolf Gunther Plaut, (November 1, 1912 – February 8, 2012) was an American Reform rabbi and author of a Torah commentary who was based in Canada. Plaut was the rabbi of Holy Blossom Temple in Toronto for several decades and from 1978 was its senior scholar.
American Debate Association
The American Debate Association began in 1985 as an intercollegiate debate association. It uses the resolution selected by the Cross Examination Debate Association and the National Debate Tournament. Currently they have 40 member schools. Its current president is Danielle Verney-O'Gorman, Director of Debate at the United States Naval Academy.

Cross Examination Debate Association
The Cross Examination Debate Association (CEDA) (/ˈsiːdə/ SEE-də) is the largest intercollegiate policy debate association in the United States. Throughout the school year, CEDA sanctions over 60 tournaments throughout the nation, including an annual National Championship Tournament that brings together over 175 individual debate teams from across the nation to compete on the basis of research, persuasive speaking, argumentation, and philosophy.

For a number of years, CEDA employed a two-person team value debate format. CEDA utilized two topics each year, one governing the fall semester and the second governing the spring semester. For the spring 1996 topic, it was voted to continue debating the fall topic about Mexico.  Beginning with the 1996–1997 season, however, CEDA has employed a single, year-long policy debate topic.