hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosa chinensis
Rosa chinensis (Chinese: 月季; pinyin: yuèjì), known commonly as the China rose, Chinese rose, or Bengal rose, is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces. The first publication of Rosa chinensis was in 1768 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Observationum Botanicarum, 3, p. 7 & plate 55.

Rose hip
The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the various species of rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.
Goa Sampark Kranti Express
The 12449 / 12450 Goa Sampark Kranti Express is one of the most important trains among the Sampark Kranti Express trains series operated on Indian Railways by the Northern Railway Delhi Division between Hazrat Nizamuddin and Madgaon Junction, a town in the Indian state of Goa The train is extended to Chandigarh similar to Kerala Sampark Kranti recently.

As of 2015, this train is running on a bi-weekly basis and holds Superfast status.

Konkan Railway zone
The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Konkan Railway line from Roha to Thokur is operated and maintained by Konkan Railway corporation (KRCL).  The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore. During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway to implement new technology. Anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and roll-on/roll-off are several of the railway's innovations.  The 756.25 km (469.91 mi) long railway line connects the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The first train on the completed track was sent off on 26 January 1998.
Hildebrandt's starling
Hildebrandt's starling (Lamprotornis hildebrandti) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It forms a superspecies with and has previously been included in the same species as Shelley's starling, a migratory species ranging from Ethiopia and Somalia to Kenya. Both of these species have also been combined into a superspecies with the chestnut-bellied starling of West Africa. It was originally placed in the now defunct genus Notauges. The species is named for Johann Maria Hildebrandt, a German collector who was the first European to obtain specimens.

Shelley's starling
Shelley's starling (Lamprotornis shelleyi) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in East Africa, within the borders of Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Somaliland, South Sudan, and Tanzania.

The common name and Latin binomial commemorate George Ernest Shelley, an English ornithologist and nephew of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Aden Colony Gazette
The Aden Colony Gazette was the government gazette for the Colony of Aden (1930s to 1963), and of the State of Aden within the Federation of South Arabia (1963-67). It was published at Aden.

It was continued by the Official Gazette of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

Official Gazette (South Yemen)
The Official Gazette (Arabic: al-Jaridah al-rasmiyah-Jumhuriyat al-Yaman al-dimuqratiyah al-Sha'biyah) was the government gazette of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967 to 1990). It was published at Aden in English and Arabic.
2024 U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship
The 2024 U Sports Women's Ice Hockey Championship was held March 14–17, 2024, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to determine a national champion for the 2023–24 U Sports women's ice hockey season. After finishing the regular season with a perfect 25–0 record, the RSEQ Champion Concordia Stingers defeated the Toronto Varsity Blues by a score of 3–1 to win the fourth gold medal in program history.

Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey
The Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program represents Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec in the sport of ice hockey in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ) conference of U Sports. The Stingers have won nineteen RSEQ conference championships and four U Sports national championships, in 1998, 1999, 2022, and 2024.
Geibel House
The Geibel House at 327 N. Main St. in Henderson, Kentucky, was built in 1896.  It has also been known as L & N Bed and Breakfast.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

The building is Italianate in style.

Henderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a home rule-class city along the Ohio River and the county seat of Henderson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 29,781 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Evansville–Henderson, Indiana–Kentucky Combined Statistical Area, locally known as the "Tri-State Area," and is considered the southernmost suburb of Evansville, Indiana.
Phintella arenicolor
Phintella arenicolor is a jumping spider species in the genus Phintella found in the Russian Far East, China, Korea, and Japan. It belongs to the tribe Chrysillini, which is ubiquitous across most continents.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Utica Canal Terminal Harbor
Utica Canal Terminal Harbor, commonly known as Utica Harbor, is a small man-made harbor in Utica, Oneida County, New York. The harbor was once connected to the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal by the Utica Harbor Lock, which is now permanently closed and used only for flood control.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
Faleia
Faleia (Greek: Φάλεια or Φάλια; Turkish: Falya or Gökçebel) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 3 km south of Agios Fotios. Prior to 1974, it was inhabited exclusively by about 200 Turkish Cypriots of Gurbeti Ancestry. As of 2011, only 2 people lived in Faleia. The village is now in a desolate state.

Statos–Agios Fotios
Statos–Agios Fotios (Greek: Στατός-Άγιος Φώτιος) is a community consisting of two villages, Statos and Agios Fotios, in the Paphos District of Cyprus. The two are located about 4 km south-south-west of Pano Panagia. As of 2011, their combined population was 243.
2023 European Under 23 Team Speedway Championship
The 2023 European Under 23 Team Speedway Championship was the 16th European Under-23 Team Speedway Championship season. It was organised by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme and was the third time that the event had an age limit of under 23 years of age.

The qualifying round was held at the Paul Greifzu Stadium in Stralsund, Germany on 18 May. Sweden won the qualifier with 38 points, the Czech Republic (29), Great Britain (28) and Germany (25) were all eliminated.

The final took place on 22 July 2023 at the Mâcon speedway track in Mâcon, France. The defending champions Poland won again to claim the title for the 13th time.

European Under-23 Team Speedway Championship
The European Under-23 Team Speedway Championship, formerly known as the Team Speedway Junior European Championship is an annual motorcycle speedway event.  Inaugurated as a European Under-19 competition, the competition age limits have twice been amended.  Since 2021, the event has been staged as the European Under-23 Team Championship.

The inaugural 2008 edition was staged at the Florian Kapała Stadium in Rawicz, Poland, and won by the Swedish team. The next two editions were won by the Poland national under-19 speedway team.

The event is organised by FIM Europe, formerly known as the European Motorcycle Union (UEM) from 2008 until December 2012.
Tømmerstø
Tømmerstø is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It's located in the borough of Oddernes and in the district of Randesund. The neighborhood of Odderhei lies to the northwest, Holte and Frikstad lie to the northeast, and Kongshavn lies to the southeast.

It is located with the shore in a typical Southern Norway archipelago. The neighborhood is mostly located with large houses and some villas. Tømmerstø is a popular tourist area in the summer with a lot of cabins for rent, The Royal Family of Norway owns a cottage in Tømmerstø. Islands like Herøya, Teistholmen, and Furuholmen are located just offshore.

There are three schools in the area: Dvergsnes skole (an elementary school), Sørlandet Maritime videregående school (a high school), and a junior high school in Holte.

Oddernes
Oddernes is a borough in the city of Kristiansand which lies in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The borough covers eastern Kristiansand on the east side of the Topdalsfjorden and the Varodd Bridge.  The borough includes the former municipalities of Randesund and Tveit.  There was a municipality of Oddernes from 1838 until 1965, but its boundaries were very different from those of the present-day borough.
1903–04 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The 1903–04 season was the first season in Bradford City A.F.C.'s history, having been founded on 29 May 1903 and then elected into the English Football League to replace Doncaster Rovers in the Second Division. They finished in 10th position in the league and reached the fourth qualifying round of the FA Cup.

Bradford City were formed following a series of meetings during the first half of 1903 and replaced the former rugby league club of Manningham, whose Valley Parade ground they used. The club had already signed six players before they were accepted into the league before the rest of the side were later signed by a five-man committee. The board directors appointed Robert Campbell as the club's first manager. Bradford City's first game ended in a 2–0 defeat at Grimsby Town and the first home game resulted in another loss to Gainsborough Trinity. Club captain Johnny McMillan finished the top goalscorer with 14 league and two FA Cup goals.

Johnny McMillan
John Stuart McMillan (16 February 1871 – 4 November 1941) was a Scottish football player and manager. He made nearly 400 appearances in the Football League in the 1890s and 1900s, playing at inside left or centre forward.
Judit Csabai (politician)
Judit Csabai (née Rácz; born 24 March 1947) is a Hungarian politician, a former member of the National Assembly between 1994–95 and 1998–2006. She represented Nyíregyháza (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Constituency II) from 2002-06. Csabai served as Mayor of Nyíregyháza between 1994 and 2010. She was succeeded by Ferenc Kovács.

Her daughter, Judit, is a former freestyle swimmer, who competed at the Summer Olympics for her native country in 1988.

Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian: [ˈɲiːrɛchaːzɒ] ⓘ, Slovak: Níreďháza [ˈɲiːrɛɟɦaːza]) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great Plain region. Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Nyíregyháza Zoo, with over 500 species, is recognized throughout Europe.
Plaetoria gens
The gens Plaetoria was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  A number of Plaetorii appear in history during the first and second centuries BC, but none of this gens ever obtained the consulship.  Several Plaetorii issued denarii from the late 70s into the 40s, of which one of the best known alludes to the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March, since one of the Plaetorii was a partisan of Brutus during the Civil War.

Michael Crawford (historian)
Michael Hewson Crawford  (born 7 December 1939) is a British ancient historian and numismatist. Having taught at Christ's College, Cambridge and the University of Cambridge, he was Professor of Ancient History at University College London from 1986 until he retired in 2005.
Informal logic
Informal logic encompasses the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting (characterized by the usage of particular statements). However, the precise definition of "informal logic" is a matter of some dispute. Ralph H. Johnson and J. Anthony Blair define informal logic as "a branch of logic whose task is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism and construction of argumentation." This definition reflects what had been implicit in their practice and what others were doing in their informal logic texts.

Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, the thinking skills movement and the interdisciplinary inquiry known as argumentation theory. Frans H. van Eemeren writes that the label "informal logic" covers a "collection of normative approaches to the study of reasoning in ordinary language that remain closer to the practice of argumentation than formal logic."

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Prayer circle (Mormonism)
In Mormonism, a prayer circle, also known as the true order of prayer, is a ritual established by Joseph Smith that some Mormons believe is a more potent method of prayer that can lead to receiving greater blessings and revelation from God. The ritual involves forming a circle of participants around a person who offers a prayer, usually at an altar in a temple. The members of the circle repeat the words of the prayer.

Mormon prayer circles were once organized by local congregations on a monthly schedule, but in the late 1970s were restricted only to temples.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
Scutellinia olivascens
Scutellinia olivascens is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pyronemataceae. The species was described in 1876 by Mordecai Cooke as Peziza olivascens, but Otto Kuntze revised the genus to Scutellinia in 1891.

The species resembles the abundant Scutellinia umbrorum and can only be reliably identified by microscopic features. Found in Europe, S. olivascens forms clusters of orange discs up to 1.5 cm in diameter on soil or rotting wood in summer and autumn.

Scutellinia
Scutellinia is a genus of cup-fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus is widely distributed, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, and according to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), contains 66 species.
Taxtakópir
Taxtakópir (Karakalpak: Тахтакөпир, lit. 'wooden bridge') is an urban-type settlement and seat of the Taxtakópir district in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan. It is 107 kilometres (66 mi) from the Karakalpak capital of Nukus.

The town has been the seat of Taxtakópir district since 1984. It has six public schools and two vocational colleges.

In 1989, during the last Soviet census, the population was recorded as 15,022 (7,553 men and 7,469 women). The population in 2004 was 17,100.

Nukus
Nukus (Karakalpak: Nókis, Нөкис; Uzbek: Nukus, Нукус) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. The population of Nukus as of 1 January 2022 was 329,100. The Amu Darya river passes west of the city. Administratively, Nukus is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Karatau.

The city is best known for its Nukus Museum of Art.
Scoville Powerhouse
The Scoville Powerhouse is a historic former power generation facility at Twin Lakes and Taconic Roads in the Taconic neighborhood of Salisbury, Connecticut, United States.  Built about 1899, it provided power to the surrounding estate of the Scoville family, owners of local iron mining and processing operations.  It was converted into a private residence in the 1950s, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its distinctive architecture.

Salisbury, Connecticut
Salisbury (/ˈsɑːlzbɛri/) is a town situated in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is the northwesternmost in the state of Connecticut; the Connecticut-Massachusetts-New York tri-state marker is located at the northwestern corner of the town. The population was 4,194 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region.
Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Tempelhof-Schöneberg (German pronunciation: [ˈtɛmpl̩hoːf ˈʃøːnəˌbɛʁk]) is the seventh borough of Berlin, formed in 2001 by merging the former boroughs of Tempelhof and Schöneberg. Situated in the south of the city it shares borders with the boroughs of Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the north, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Steglitz-Zehlendorf in the west as well as Neukölln in the east.

Neukölln
Neukölln (German: [nɔʏˈkœln] ⓘ; officially abbreviated Neuk), is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is located south-east of Berlin's center and stretches from the inner city southward to the border with Brandenburg, encompassing the eponymous quarter of Neukölln in the north, and the southern quarters of Britz, Gropiusstadt, Buckow and Rudow.

The borough was constituted in 1920, when the Greater Berlin Act came into effect. After World War II, Neukölln was part of the American sector during the Allied occupation of the city, and of West Berlin from 1949 until German reunification in 1990. Since the late 1950s, it has been characterised by one of the highest shares of immigrant residents in Berlin, especially in its urbanized and industrialized northern regions. An influx of students and artists since the mid-2000s has led to gentrification.
Glen Eden Intermediate School
Glen Eden Intermediate School (G.E.I.S) is an intermediate school located in the suburb of Kaurilands in Auckland, New Zealand. The roll fluctuates around 1000 students and there is an enrolment scheme (school zone) in place. In-zone suburbs include Titirangi, Laingholm, Woodlands Park most of Glen Eden, Konini and Kaurilands. The current principal is Jonathan Hughes.

Woodlands Park
Woodlands Park is a suburb on the western outskirts of West Auckland, New Zealand. Nestled in the Waitākere Ranges, Woodlands Park lies in a valley, bush clad hills separating it from Titirangi (to the north east), Parau and Huia (to the south east) and Laingholm (to the south).

Most housing was built in the 1950s to 1970s, and lies within native bush.
Peter Glacier
Peter Glacier (73°20′S 1°9′W﻿ / ﻿73.333°S 1.150°W﻿ / -73.333; -1.150) is a short, broad glacier draining northeast into Jutulstraumen Glacier just east of Neumayer Cliffs and Melleby Peak in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). Named for Peter Melleby who was in charge of sledge dogs with the NBSAE.

Jutulstraumen Glacier
71°35′S 00°30′W﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 0.500°W﻿ / -71.583; -0.500

Jutulstraumen Glacier is a large glacier in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, about 120 nautical miles (220 km) long, draining northward to the Fimbul Ice Shelf between the Kirwan Escarpment, Borg Massif and Ahlmann Ridge on the west and the Sverdrup Mountains on the east.
Reformists Front
Reformists Front (Persian: جبهه اصلاح‌طلبان), formerly called Democracy Front (Persian: جبهه مردمسالاری) and Front for Consolidation of Democracy (Persian: جبهه تحکیم دموکراسی), is an Iranian reformist political alliance of "little-known parties" formerly pivoted by Democracy Party.

2008 Iranian legislative election
Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008.  Conservatives loyal to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were considered the victors of the election, at least in part because "all the most prominent" reformist candidates were disqualified from running.
Reddal
Reddal is a village in the municipality of Grimstad in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the western part of the municipality in the Landvik area, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the town of Grimstad and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the small village of Nygrenda. The main industry in the village is agriculture, with the most important products being potatoes, berries and grain. The large lake Syndle lies just north of the village.

The freshwater Reddalsvannet lake is located along the south side of the village area. There is a protected nature reserve at the lake. In order to gain additional farmland in Reddal, a canal was built in 1877 to lower the lake's water level by 4 metres (13 ft). This lowered the water down to sea level. The Reddal Canal (Norwegian: Reddalskanalen) connects the Reddalsvannet lake and the nearby Landviksvannet lake to the sea. Today, the canal is popular with small boats.

Grimstad (town)
Grimstad (listenⓘ) is a town in Grimstad municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The town is also the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located on the Skaggerak coast in Southern Norway along the Groosefjorden, between the towns of Arendal (to the northeast) and Lillesand (to the southwest). The 10.02-square-kilometre (2,480-acre) town has a population (2019) of 13,543 and a population density of 1,352 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,500/sq mi). In Norway, Grimstad is considered a by which can be translated as either a "town" or "city" in English.

Grimstad Church is located on a small hill overlooking the town's harbour. The University of Agder is located in the town as well.