hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Input–output memory management unit
In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory. Like a traditional MMU, which translates CPU-visible virtual addresses to physical addresses, the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device addresses or memory mapped I/O addresses in this context) to physical addresses. Some units also provide memory protection from faulty or malicious devices.

An example IOMMU is the graphics address remapping table (GART) used by AGP and PCI Express graphics cards on Intel Architecture and AMD computers.

On the x86 architecture, prior to splitting the functionality of northbridge and southbridge between the CPU and Platform Controller Hub (PCH), I/O virtualization was not performed by the CPU but instead by the chipset.

X86 virtualization
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.

In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by complex software techniques, necessary to compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable performance. In 2005 and 2006, both Intel (VT-x) and AMD (AMD-V) introduced limited hardware virtualization support that allowed simpler virtualization software but offered very few speed benefits. Greater hardware support, which allowed substantial speed improvements, came with later processor models.
Maypole, Isles of Scilly
Maypole (Cornish: Peul Kala' Me) is a dispersed settlement located on the island of St Mary's, the largest of the Isles of Scilly, England. It is a tourist and farming area, with the only horse riding school in the islands.

Nearby are Holy Vale and Pelistry. The A3110 road runs through the area; on this road to the west of Maypole, towards Telegraph, is Silver Carn or High Lanes, a small settlement which includes a large guesthouse and café.

Telegraph, Isles of Scilly
Telegraph (Cornish: Brebellskrif) is a settlement on St Mary's, the largest of the Isles of Scilly, England.

Telegraph is located in the north west of the island and is the highest point on St Mary's and in the Isles of Scilly, at 51 metres (167 ft) above sea level. The settlement takes its name from Telegraph Tower, situated at the summit of the hill.
Grunwald Square (Warsaw)
Grunwald Square (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡrun.valt]; Polish: Plac Grunwaldzki) is an urban square in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Żoliborz, at the crossing of Broniewskiego Street, Jana Pawła II Avenue, Popiełuszki Street, Wojska Polskiego Avenue, and Matysiakówny Street.

Żoliborz
Żoliborz (Polish pronunciation: [ʐɔˈlibɔʂ])  is one of the northern districts of the city of Warsaw. It is located directly to the north of the City Centre, on the left bank of the Vistula river. It has approximately 50,000 inhabitants and is one of the smallest boroughs of Warsaw. Despite its small size, the district has many green areas and mostly consists of low-rise architecture. Historically an upscale neighborhood and home to Warsaw's intelligentsia prior to World War II, Żoliborz is the second most expensive residential district in Warsaw after Śródmieście.
Peter Karow
Peter Karow (born 11 November 1940) is a German entrepreneur, inventor and software developer. He holds several patents in the field of desktop publishing and is known for his work on computer fonts. He contributed with several books and patents to the development of operating systems for computers. He is recognized as the inventor of outline computer fonts.

Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight, and style of a typeface, defined as the set of fonts that share an overall design.
For instance, the typeface Bauer Bodoni (shown in the figure) includes fonts "Roman" (or "regular"), "bold" and "italic"; each of these exists in a variety of sizes.  In traditional printing, fonts were physically created using metal or wood type, with a font for each size.

In the digital description of fonts (computer fonts), the terms font and typeface are often used interchangeably. For example, when used in computers, each style is stored in a separate digital font file. Most are scalable fonts, so all sizes of a style are encompassed in one font.

In both traditional typesetting and digital design, the term font refers to a specific style or version of a typeface.
Huun-Huur-Tu
Huun-Huur-Tu (Tuvan: Хүн Хүртү, romanized: Xün Xürtü [ˌxyn xyrˈty]; Russian: Хуун-Хуур-Ту [ˌxuːn xuːr ˈtʊ]) are a music group from Tuva, a Russian federative republic situated on the Mongolia–Russia border. Their music includes throat singing, in which the singers sing both a note and its overtones, thus producing two or three notes simultaneously. The overtone may sound like a flute, whistle or bird, but is solely a product of the human voice.

The group primarily use native Tuvan instruments such as the igil, khomus (Tuvan jaw harp), doshpuluur, and dünggür (shaman drum). However, in recent years, the group have begun to selectively incorporate Western instruments, such as the guitar. While the thrust of Huun-Huur-Tu's music is fundamentally indigenous Tuvan folk music, they also experiment with incorporating Western instruments and electronic music.

Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir
The Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir is a Bulgarian musical ensemble that performs modern arrangements of traditional Bulgarian folk melodies. It is most recognized for its contribution to Marcel Cellier's Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares (The Mystery Of The Bulgarian Voices) project, for which it was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1989.

First created by Georgi Boyadjiev in 1952 as the Ensemble for Folk Songs of the Bulgarian Radio, the choir is now directed by Dora Hristova. It was granted the name Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares by Marcel Cellier in 1997, in recognition of the fact that it had contributed most of the songs on the original compilations.
Hermannsdalstinden
Hermannsdalstinden is the highest mountain on the island of Moskenesøya. It is located in the Lofoten archipelago in Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 1,029-metre (3,376 ft) tall mountain lies on the west side of the island, about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) west of the municipal centre of Reine. There's a cabin, Munkebu Hut, that is used as an overnight base camp for summiting Hermannsdalstinden. The hike from Munkebu Hut to the Hermannsdalstinden summit takes about six to eight hours round trip.

Reine
Reine is the administrative centre of Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The fishing village is located on the island of Moskenesøya in the Lofoten archipelago, above the Arctic Circle, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) southwest of the city of Tromsø. Reine Church is located in the village.

The 0.28-square-kilometre (69-acre) village has a population (2023) of 297 and a population density of 1,061 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,750/sq mi).
Sebastián de Segurola
Sebastián de Segurola y Olidén (Azpeitia, province of Guipúzcoa, Spain,27 January, 1740 – La Paz, Audiencia de Charcas, 1 October, 1789) was a nobleman from the Basque Country, and a Knight of the Order of Calatrava.

Sebastián de Segurola was missioned in Upper Peru since 1777, and reached the rank of brigadier. He was a military man who held important political positions and participated in the repression of indigenous rebellions of the end of the 18th century. He was named interim viceroy of Buenos Aires, a few days before his death. His grandson was Marshal José Ballivián Segurola, who became President of Bolivia from 1841 to 1847.

Real Audiencia of Charcas
The Real Audiencia of Charcas (Spanish: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de La Plata de los Charcas) was a Spanish audiencia with its seat in what is today Bolivia. It was established in 1559 in Ciudad de la Plata de Nuevo Toledo (later Charcas, modern-day Sucre) and had jurisdiction over the Governorate of Charcas (es), Paraguay and the Governorate of the Río de la Plata (now Uruguay and northern Argentina). The audiencia oversaw the incredible silver output of the mines at Potosí. It was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776, when it was transferred to the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and began to be referred to as Upper Peru.
The Union MMU
The Union MMU is the students' union of Manchester Metropolitan University, an institution of higher education and research in North West England. Named MMUnion until August 2014; Manchester Metropolitan Students' Union (MMSU) until July 2005; and Manchester Polytechnic Students' Union (MPSU) before the institution gained its university status in 1992.

The union has one building on the All Saints campus in Manchester, after the Crewe campus closed its doors in Cheshire in 2019. The union is affiliated to the National Union of Students (NUS).

The union has an independent advice centre available for all students at the university, as well as an activities centre for the sports clubs and societies at MMU.

Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University is a public university in Manchester, England. The university's predecessor, Manchester Polytechnic, gained university status in 1992. The university has 44,000 students and over 5,100 members of staff. It is home to four faculties (Arts and Humanities, Business and Law, Health and Education and Science and Engineering). It is the fifth-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment.
Savings bond
A savings bond is a government bond designed to provide funds for the issuer while also providing a relatively safe investment for the purchaser to save money, typically a retail investor. The earliest savings bonds were the war bond programs of World War II. Examples of savings bonds include:

Canada Savings Bond
Ontario Savings Bond
Saskatchewan Savings Bond

Japanese Government Bonds for Retail Investors

United States Savings Bonds

United States Savings Bonds
United States Savings Bonds are debt securities issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to help pay for the U.S. government's borrowing needs. They are considered one of the safest investments because they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. The savings bonds are nonmarketable treasury securities issued to the public, which means they cannot be publicly traded or otherwise transferred. They are redeemable only by the original purchaser, a recipient (for bonds purchased as gifts) or a beneficiary in case of the original holder's death.
Rural Glen Cemetery
Rural Glen Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Worcester Road (Massachusetts Route 68) in Hubbardston, Massachusetts.  Established about 1820, it is at 3.5 acres (1.4 ha) one of the town's largest cemeteries.  It was created on land formerly owned by the locally prominent Reed/Reid family, and includes the burials of some of the town's notable 19th and 20th-century residents.  The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.  It is presently restricted to burials related to existing interments.

Hubbardston, Massachusetts
Hubbardston is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts,  United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the town population was 4,328. It is situated 18 miles north of Worcester and 53 miles west of Boston; it is distinguished in Massachusetts by being unusually high, at 1015 feet above sea level.
Schnelldorf
Schnelldorf is a municipality  in the district of Ansbach in Mittelfranken in Bavaria in Germany.
It neighbours to Feuchtwangen, Wörnitz and Wettringen (Mittelfranken) in Bavaria and Rot am See, Wallhausen, Baden-Württemberg, Satteldorf and Kreßberg

Ansbach (district)
Ansbach (German pronunciation: [ˈansbax]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It surrounds – but does not include – the town of Ansbach; nonetheless the administrative seat of the district is located in Ansbach. It is the district with the largest area in Bavaria. At the end of December 2022, the district population was 188,623.
Reorganization Act of 1939
The Reorganization Act of 1939, Pub. L. 76–19, 53 Stat. 561, enacted April 3, 1939, is an American Act of Congress which gave the president of the United States the authority to hire additional confidential staff and reorganize the executive branch (within certain limits) for two years subject to legislative veto. It was the first major, planned reorganization of the executive branch of the government of the United States since 1787. The act led to Reorganization Plan No. 1, which created the Executive Office of the President.

Comptroller General of the United States
The Comptroller General of the United States is the director of the Government Accountability Office (GAO, formerly known as the General Accounting Office), a legislative-branch agency established by Congress in 1921 to ensure the fiscal and managerial accountability of the federal government.
Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers
40°44′11″N 73°59′59″W﻿ / ﻿40.736416°N 73.999588°W﻿ / 40.736416; -73.999588

Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers (also known as Saint Vincent's or SVCMC) was a healthcare system in New York City, anchored by its flagship hospital, St. Vincent's Hospital Manhattan.

St. Vincent's was founded in 1849 and was a major teaching hospital in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It closed on April 30, 2010. Demolition began at the end of 2012 and was completed in early 2013. Other hospital buildings were converted into luxury condos and a new luxury building, Greenwich Lane, has replaced the St. Vincent's building.

Elizabeth Ann Seton
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton SC (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was an American Catholic educator, known as a founder of the country's parochial school system. Born in New York and reared as an Episcopalian, she married and had five children with her husband William Seton. She converted to Catholicism in 1805 and established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland. There she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.

On September 14, 1975, Seton was the first person born in what would become the United States to be canonized by the Catholic Church.
Protectorate of the Western Regions
The Protectorate of the Western Regions (simplified Chinese: 西域都护府; traditional Chinese: 西域都護府; pinyin: Xīyù Dūhù Fǔ; Wade–Giles: Hsi1-yü4 Tu1-hu4 Fu3) was an imperial administration (a protectorate) situated in the Western Regions administered by Han dynasty China and its successors on and off from 59 or 60 BCE until the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period in 439 AD. The "Western Regions" refers to areas west of Yumen Pass, especially the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. These areas would later be termed Altishahr (southern Xinjiang, excluding Dzungaria) by Turkic-speaking peoples. The term "western regions" was also used by the Chinese more generally to refer to Central Asia.

The protectorate was the first direct rule by a Chinese government of the area. It consisted of various vassal states and Han garrisons placed under the authority of a protector-general of the Western Regions, who was appointed by the Han court.

Altishahr
Altishahr (Traditional Uyghur: آلتی شهر, Modern Uyghur: ئالتە شەھەر, romanized: Altä-şähär, cyrillized: Алтә-шәһәр, pronounced [ɑltʰǽ‿ɕæhǽɚ̯]), also known as Kashgaria or Yettishar, is a historical name for the Tarim Basin region used in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term means 'Six Cities' in Turkic languages, referring to oasis towns along the rim of the Tarim, including Kashgar, in what is now southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.
Sandownidae
Sandownidae is a family of extinct marine turtles from the Cretaceous and Paleogene distributed around the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent areas. The family is defined as all taxa closer to the type genus Sandownia than to Pelomedusa, Testudo, Solnhofia, Eurysternum, Plesiochelys, Thalassemys or Protostega, a definition that encompasses the previous concept of the clade while also excluding it from being synonymous with other clades of modern or extinct marine turtles. Sandownidae may be within the larger clade Angolachelonia, defined as inclusive of Angolachelys and Solnhofia, sister to the entirely Late Jurassic marine group Thalassochelydia, although the concepts of the clades may shift with further phylogenetic analysis.

Plesiochelys
Plesiochelys ("near turtle") is a genus of late Jurassic European and Asian turtle. The type species is Plesiochelys etalloni.

Fossil records have discovered Plesiochelys bigleri and Plesiochelys etalloni from the Kimmeridge Clay of England and outside the Swiss and French Jura Mountains.

A recent study placed Plesiochelys as an Angolachelonia and outside Testudines.
1999 Nigerien general election
General elections were held in Niger in 1999; the first-round of the presidential elections was held on 17 October, with a run-off held alongside National Assembly elections on 24 November. The elections followed a coup d'état on 9 April, in which Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who had led an earlier coup in January 1996 and won disputed presidential elections, was assassinated. Coup leader Daouda Mallam Wanké initiated a transitional period that concluded with the victory of Mamadou Tandja, the candidate of the National Movement for the Society of Development (MNSD), over Mahamadou Issoufou, the candidate of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), in the run-off. The vote for the first National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, which had originally been scheduled for October, but delayed in August, also saw a victory for the MNSD, which won 38 of the 83 seats. It formed a coalition with the Democratic and Social Convention in order to gain a majority in the Assembly.

1996 Nigerien presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Niger on 7 and 8 July 1996. They followed the approval of a new constitution in a referendum in May after a military coup had ousted the first democratically elected President Mahamane Ousmane from office in January. Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, who had been installed as leader following the coup, won the elections in the first round, claiming 52% of the vote, with a 66% turnout.
Outline of Guyana
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guyana:

Guyana – previously known as British Guiana, is the only nation state of the Commonwealth of Nations on the mainland of South America.  Bordered to the east by Suriname, to the south and southwest by Brazil and to the west by Venezuela, it is the third-smallest country on the mainland of South America. It is one of four non-Spanish-speaking territories on the continent, along with the countries of Brazil (Portuguese), Suriname (Dutch) and the French overseas region of French Guiana (French).

Guyana Defence Force
The Guyana Defence Force (GDF) is the armed forces of Guyana, established in 1965. It has military bases across the nation.  The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force is always the incumbent President of Guyana. Service Branches include the Army, Air Corps, and Coast Guard.

Although a small nation, Guyana's recent petro wealth has destabilized the region, re-igniting border disputes with Venezuela inherited from the colonial era.
Hochlantsch
The Hochlantsch (1,720 m (AA)) is the highest mountain in the Graz Highlands, a subgroup of the Prealps East of the Mur according to the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps. To the north the mountain drops steeply into the Lantschmauern. The Hochlantsch is a popular destination for those living in the Graz area due to its good views and easy access.

The easiest ascent takes about two hours and starts at the Teichalm. One can either start at the Teichwirt or a few metres on at where the Teichalm Lift. Another variant from Mixnitz runs through the watery Bärenschütz Gorge. From the pub of Zirbisegger (accessible from Breitenau by car) the Friends of Nature Klettersteig (Naturfreunde-Klettersteig) runs up the rocky northern flank to the top. Nearby are the inn of zum Steirischen Jokl and the little pilgrimage church of Schüsserlbrunn.

Hochlantsch summit cross

From the north

North face

Schüsserlbrunn Pilgrimage Church

Pernegg an der Mur
Pernegg an der Mur is a municipality in the district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag in Styria, Austria. It is home to the famous Drachenhöhle cave and Bärenschützklamm gorge.

The operatic soprano Ingrid Kaiserfeld was born in the municipality.
2008 submarine cable disruption
The 2008 submarine cable disruption refers to three separate incidents of major damage to submarine optical communication cables around the world. The first incident caused damage involving up to five high-speed Internet submarine communications cables in the Mediterranean Sea and Middle East from January 23 to February 4, 2008, causing internet disruptions and slowdowns for users in the Middle East and India. The incident called into doubt the safety of the undersea portion of the Internet cable system.

In late February, there was another outage, this time affecting a fiber optic connection between Singapore and Jakarta.

On December 19, FLAG FEA, GO-1, SEA-ME-WE 3, and SEA-ME-WE 4 were all cut.

Anchor
An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin ancora, which itself comes from the Greek ἄγκυρα (ankȳra).

Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anchors are used in the creation of a mooring, and are rarely moved; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain them. Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors, which may be of different designs and weights.

A sea anchor is a drag device, not in contact with the seabed, used to minimize drift of a vessel relative to the water. A drogue is a drag device used to slow or help steer a vessel running before a storm in a following or overtaking sea, or when crossing a bar in a breaking sea.
1969 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1969 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. Princeton was one of three Ivy League co-champions.

In their first year under head coach Jake McCandless, the Tigers compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents 248 to 138. Ellis O. Moore was the team captain.

Princeton's 6–1 conference record tied with Dartmouth and Yale as the best in the Ivy League. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 220 to 74.

Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.

1969 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1969 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1969 NCAA University Division football season.  The Bulldogs were led by fifth-year head coach Carmen Cozza, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished tied for first in the Ivy League with a 6–1 record, 7–2 overall.