hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defence Medical Welfare Service
The St John and Red Cross Defence Medical Welfare Service, commonly the Defence Medical Welfare Service (DMWS), is a charitable organisation contracted by the UK Ministry of Defence to provide uniformed civilian welfare officers in support of service personnel of the British Armed Forces.

Originally formalised in 1943 as the Service Hospitals Welfare Department under the auspices of the Joint Committee of the Venerable Order of St John and the British Red Cross, it became an independent organisation in 2001.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Loch of Boardhouse
The Loch of Boardhouse is a freshwater loch in the parish of Birsay in the north west of the mainland of Orkney, Scotland. It acts as a reservoir for public water supply and is popular for trout fishing. Nearby are the Loch of Hundland and the Loch of Swannay.

The loch was surveyed in 1906 by Sir John Murray and later charted as part of the Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.

On 2nd August 2016, brothers Andrew Crawford Livingstone (known as Andy) and Stanley Boyd Livingstone (known as Boyd) from the nearby village of Dounby went missing after going fishing on the loch. A search began on 3rd August 2016. Andy was found the same day. Boyd remained missing until 14th August 2016.  Both post mortems reported deaths as a result of drowning. Boyd's ashes were scattered at his favourite fishing spot, just off the coast of Hoy, Orkney.  Andy's son, Adam, prevented the family from claiming his remains.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Men's 18 kilometre
The 18 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Saturday, 31 January 1948. Eighty-four cross-country skiers from 15 nations competed.

Cross-country skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics
At the 1948 Winter Olympics, three cross-country skiing events were contested. The 18 km competition was held on Saturday, 31 January 1948, the relay event was held on Tuesday, 3 February 1948, and the 50 km event was held on Friday, 6 February 1948.
Montgai
Montgai (Catalan pronunciation: [moŋˈgaj]) is a municipality in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the river Sió among the hills of Bellmunt in the south and the mountains of Montclar in the north.

It has a population of 637 (register office, 2024) .

The municipality consists of two villages: Montgai and Butsènit d'Urgell.

Bellmunt d'Urgell
Bellmunt d'Urgell (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌbeʎˈmun duɾˈdʒeʎ]) is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

It has a population of 182 (register office, 2024) .
Origin Pacific Airways
Origin Pacific Airways was an airline based in Nelson in New Zealand. Its main base was at Nelson Airport (NSN). It ceased passenger operations on 10 August 2006,  and its residual freight operations on 15 September 2006.

British Aerospace Jetstream
The British Aerospace Jetstream is a small twin turboprop airliner, with a pressurised fuselage, developed as the Jetstream 31 from the earlier Handley Page Jetstream.  A larger version of the Jetstream was also manufactured, the British Aerospace Jetstream 41.
Mespilus
Mespilus, commonly called medlar, is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae containing the single species Mespilus germanica of southwest Asia. It is also found in some countries in the Balkans, especially in Albanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian regions, and in Azerbaijan and Caucasian Georgia. A second proposed species, Mespilus canescens, discovered in North America in 1990, proved to be a hybrid between M. germanica and one or more species of hawthorn, and is properly known as × Crataemespilus canescens.

Mespilus canescens
Mespilus canescens, commonly known as Stern's medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, recently discovered in Prairie County, Arkansas, United States, and formally named in 1990. It is a critically endangered endemic species, with only 25 plants known, all in one small (9 ha) wood, now protected as the Konecny Grove Natural Area.

Originally discovered by Jane Stern (hence "Stern's medlar") in 1968–69, the plant was difficult to identify, and at times placed in the genus Crataegus, and even Aronia. J.B. Phipps first described it as belonging to the genus Mespilus in 1990.

It has been shown by genetic analysis to be closely related to the common medlar Mespilus germanica, which was previously the only known species in the genus. Subsequent molecular analyses suggest that Stern's medlar is likely a hybrid between cultivated M. germanica and one or two native North American species of Crataegus, in which case it should be referred to as × Crataemespilus canescens.
Purwa
Purwa is a town and nagar panchayat in Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 32 km southeast of Unnao, the district headquarters. Roads connect it with several major cities including Unnao, Lucknow, Kanpur, and Rae Bareli. As of 2011, its population is 24,467 people, in 4,128 households.

Purwa is the headquarters of a community development block, which was first inaugurated on 1 April 1959 in order to oversee implementation of India's Five-Year Plans at a local and rural level. Most of the block lies within the tehsil of Purwa, but parts are in the tehsil of Bighapur instead. As of 2011, the block comprises 112 rural villages (including Asoha itself), with a total population of 125,619 people in 25,020 households.

Bighapur
Bighapur is a town and nagar panchayat in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. First officially classified as a town for the 1981 census, it now serves as a tehsil headquarters(established in Patan). Important items manufactured here include clay pots, leather products, and wooden furniture. As of 2011, the population of Bighapur is 6,501, in 1,201 households.

Bighapur is the headquarters of a community development block, which was first inaugurated on 1 October 1959 in order to oversee implementation of India's Five-Year Plans at a local and rural level. As of 2011, the block comprises 128 rural villages, with a total population of 136,589 people in 27,180 households.
VFC-204
Fighter Squadron Composite 204 (VFC-204), also known as the "River Rattlers", is a United States Navy Reserve adversary squadron, slated to fly the F-5N/F Tiger II after having previously flown the F/A-18C/D Hornet. The squadron is based out of Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans, Louisiana, and is part of the U.S. Navy Reserve's Tactical Support Wing. Their radio callsign is "River" and their tail code is "AF".

Modern United States Navy carrier air operations
Modern United States Navy aircraft carrier air operations include the operation of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft on and around an aircraft carrier for performance of combat or noncombat missions. The carrier is usually the centerpiece of the carrier strike group. The flight operations are highly evolved, based on experiences dating back to 1922 with USS Langley.
Shahrinav District
Shahrinav District (Tajik: Ноҳияи Шаҳринав Nohiyai Shahrinav; Russian spelling; Shakhrinav) is a district in Tajikistan, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. It lies between Tajikistan's capital Dushanbe and Uzbekistan. The Shahrinav District borders on the city of Tursunzoda in the west, the city of Hisor in the east, and Rudaki District in the south. It is delimited by the Gissar Range in the north and is part of the fertile Gissar Valley. Its capital is Shahrinav, a village 30 km west of Dushanbe. The population of the district is 123,000 (January 2020 estimate).

Districts of Tajikistan
As of 2020, the regions of Tajikistan are subdivided into 47 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, rayon), not including 4 districts belonging to the capital city Dushanbe, and 18 cities of regional subordination (including Dushanbe, an extraregional capital city). Before ca. 2017, there were 58 districts. The districts are further subdivided into municipal units: either as urban municipalities called either as cities (Tajik: шаҳр, romanized: şahr, "cities") or towns (Tajik: шаҳрак, romanized: şahrak, "towns"), or as rural municipalities called jamoats (Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes"), which in turn are further subdivided into villages (Tajik: деҳа or қишлоқ, romanized: deha or qyshloq, "villages/hamlets").

The numbering of the districts follows the map.
Edmonton Group
Within the earth science of geology, the Edmonton Group is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) to early Paleocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the central Alberta plains. It was first described as the Edmonton Formation by Joseph Burr Tyrrell in 1887 based on outcrops along the North Saskatchewan River in and near the city of Edmonton. E.J.W. Irish later elevated the formation to group status and it was subdivided into four separate formations. In ascending order, they are the Horseshoe Canyon, Whitemud, Battle and Scollard Formations. The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary occurs within the Scollard Formation, based on dinosaurian and microfloral evidence, as well as the presence of the terminal Cretaceous iridium anomaly.

Iridium anomaly
The term iridium anomaly commonly refers to an unusual abundance of the chemical element iridium in a layer of rock strata at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. The unusually high concentration of a rare metal like iridium is often taken as evidence for an extraterrestrial impact event.
Paul Smith (Christian music singer)
Paul Charles Smith is a Contemporary Christian Music performer and songwriter.  He is best remembered for his early years with influential gospel group The Imperials.  Smith spent four years with that group, recording four albums and one live video.  Smith was inducted into the Gospel Music Association's Gospel Music Hall of Fame as a member of The Imperials.  He has recorded several solo albums and is a songwriter.

Integrity Music
Integrity Music is part of the David C. Cook nonprofit group. Founded as a direct-to-consumer music club in 1987 as Integrity Music, Integrity was at the forefront of contemporary worship music's widespread popularity of praise and worship music. Integrity publishes many of the top songs in the Church, including "We Believe" (Newsboys). The label has also translated albums into Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, Indonesian, Cantonese, Russian, Dutch, French and Portuguese.
George Goring (died 1594)
George Goring (after 1522 – 1594) was an English politician.

He was the second son of Sir William Goring of Burton Park, Sussex.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1578–79.

He was a Member of the Parliament of England (MP) for Lewes in 1559 and 1563. He was appointed receiver-general of the Court of Wards for life on 3 July 1584. He built Pelham House in Lewes and purchased a number of manors elsewhere in Sussex, including Danny Park in 1582. He lavishly extended Danny House in 1593, using funds collected in his capacity as Receiver of the Court of Wards, which were rightfully revenues of the Crown. The house is now a Grade I listed building.

He married Mary, the daughter and coheiress of William Everard, and the widow of Richard Bellingham, with whom he had 2 sons and 2 daughters. His eldest son and heir George was also MP for Lewes. His daughter Dorothy married firstly the wealthy ironmaster Sir Henry Bowyer, and secondly Sir John Shurley MP.

Sheriff of Sussex
The office of Sheriff of Sussex was established before the Norman Conquest. The Office of sheriff remained first in precedence in the counties until the reign of Edward VII when an Order in Council in 1908 gave the Lord-Lieutenant the prime office under the Crown as the Sovereign's personal representative.

At various times the sheriff of Surrey was also sheriff of Sussex (1229–1231, 1232–1240, 1242–1567, 1571–1635), The office of Sheriff of Sussex ceased with local government re-organisation in 1974, when the county was split for local government purposes into East Sussex (see High Sheriff of East Sussex) and West Sussex (see High Sheriff of West Sussex). The High Sheriffs remain the Sovereign's representative in the County for all matters relating to the Judiciary and the maintenance of law and order.
Reception Tower Utlandshörn
The Reception Tower Utlandshörn was a 65-metre (211 ft) high wood framework tower built of oak wood on the area of the radio reception station Utlandshoern, a part of Norddeich Radio coastal station (callsign DAN).

This tower carried wire antennas of four arms on its top, which were manufactured of teak wood, for the reception of short wave signals. It was built in 1935. In the middle of 1976 it was replaced by an antenna system, which was fastened on steel towers and which also does not exist any more.

At the beginning of 1977 the tower, which was already one of the last large wood towers in Germany, was knocked down with great care.

From the wood of the demolished tower some carvings and ornaments were made.

Norddeich radio station
Norddeich Radio, DAN (former call signs KND, KAV, DAF) was the coast radio station for international communication to German ships. The station was built in 1907 in Norddeich, Lower Saxony. Radio communications were carried out with ships all over the world for around 90 years.

It also served as a radio station during the National Socialist period and disseminated Nazi propaganda for English-speaking countries. On December 31, 1998, the station finally shut down.
NGC 1721
NGC 1721 is a lenticular galaxy (S0) located in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered on the 10th of Nov 1885 by Edward Emerson Barnard. This galaxy is a member of the NGC 1723 Group—consisting of NGC 1723 (the brightest member, 11.7-mag) and a close triplet of NGC 1721, NGC 1725 and NGC 1728.

NGC 1721 is a Dreyer Object (a now archaic astronomical term), meaning that it was included in the original New General Catalogue by JLE Dreyer.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg
The mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg began on January 1, 2002, when Michael Bloomberg was inaugurated as the 109th mayor of New York City, and ended on December 31, 2013.

Bloomberg was known as a political pragmatist, and for a managerial style that reflected his experience in the private sector. Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical approach to city management, appointing city commissioners based on their expertise and granting them wide autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, Bloomberg implemented a "bullpen" open plan office, reminiscent of a Wall Street trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design was intended to promote accountability and accessibility. At the end of Bloomberg's three terms, The New York Times said, "New York is once again a thriving, appealing city where [...] the crime rate is down, the transportation system is more efficient, the environment is cleaner."

Independence Party of New York
The Independence Party was a populist centrist political party in the U.S. state of New York. The party was founded in 1991, and it acquired ballot status in 1994. The party lost its ballot status in 2020 following changes to New York's ballot access requirements.

On December 9, 2022, New York governor Kathy Hochul signed legislation banning the use of the words "independent" and "independence" from use in political party names in New York, effectively banning the party. However, in January 2025, Cuti Frisch filed a lawsuit on independent 2025 New York City mayoral election candidate Jim Walden's behalf challenging the law as he has asked to run as a member of the party despite it being banned. A U.S. appeals court would later uphold the ban. Walden would later drop out of the election in September 2025.
2020 in Central America
The following lists events that happened during 2020 in Central America:  Belize,  Costa Rica,  El Salvador,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua, and  Panama.

The combined population of Central America is estimated at 44.53 million (2016).

Colón, Panama
Colón (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlon]) is a city and seaport in Panama, beside the Caribbean Sea, lying near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama's second city. City proper located entirely on Manzanillo Peninsula (former island), surrounded by Limon Bay, Manzanillo Bay, and the Folks River. Since the disestablishment of the Panama Canal Zone, suburban corregimiento of Cristobal to include Fort Gulick, a former U.S. Army base, as well as the towns of Cristobal and Margarita; and recent corregimiento of Cristóbal Este now include the town of Coco Solo.
Gosiewski (Ślepowron)
Gosiewski (plural form: Gosiewscy; feminine form: Gosiewska) is the surname of a Polish szlachta family whose members gained prominence in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the period of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Cyclotruncated 5-simplex honeycomb
In five-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the cyclotruncated 5-simplex honeycomb or cyclotruncated hexateric honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). It is composed of 5-simplex, truncated 5-simplex, and bitruncated 5-simplex facets in a ratio of 1:1:1.

Honeycomb (geometry)
In geometry, a honeycomb is a space filling or close packing of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for a honeycomb of n-dimensional space.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.
Collecting duct system
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis. The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).

There are several components of the collecting duct system, including the connecting tubules, cortical collecting ducts, and medullary collecting ducts.

Renal pelvis
The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. It is formed by the convergence of the major calyces, acting as a funnel for urine flowing from the major calyces to the ureter. It has a mucous membrane and is covered with transitional epithelium and an underlying lamina propria of loose-to-dense connective tissue.

The renal pelvis is situated within the renal sinus alongside the other structures of the renal sinus.
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2022
The 23rd Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards were presented on February 13, 2023, to honour the films selected by the Vancouver Film Critics Circle as the best of 2022.

The nominations were announced on January 22, 2023, with The Banshees of Inisherin and Everything Everywhere All at Once leading the International film nominations with seven each. Riceboy Sleeps received the most Canadian film nominations with nine, followed by Until Branches Bend with six and Brother with five.

Vancouver Film Critics Circle
The Vancouver Film Critics Circle (VFCC) was founded in 2000 by David Spaner and Ian Caddell, in order to help promote Canadian films and the British Columbia film and television industry. Its membership includes print, radio, on-line, and television critics, either based in Vancouver or with Vancouver outlets. The current Chair of the VFCC is Jorge Ignacio Castillo, editor in chief of the web platform The Canadian Crew.