hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum deficiency (plant disorder)
Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency occurs when plant growth is limited because the plant cannot take up sufficient quantities of this essential micronutrient from its growing medium. For crops growing in soil, this may be a result of low concentrations of Mo in the soil as a whole (i.e. the parent material of the soil is low in Mo), or because the soil Mo is held in forms that are not available to plants – sorption of Mo is strongest in acid soils.

Liming (soil)
Liming is the application of calcium- (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime to soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Modern liming was preceded by marling, a process of spreading raw chalk and lime debris across soil, in an attempt to modify pH or aggregate size. Evidence of these practices dates to the 1200's and the earliest examples are taken from the modern British Isles.
Surmurd
Surmurd (Persian: سورمورد, also Romanized as Sūrmūrd) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 132, in 27 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ شرقي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Javardeh.
Bogislaw VIII
Bogisław VIII (c. 1364 – 11 February 1418), a member of the House of Griffin, was Duke of Pomerania ruling in Pomerania-Stolp from 1395 until his death. He also served as administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Cammin from 1387 and as Cammin Prince-bishop from 1394 to 1398.

Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania
The Duchy of Pomerania was partitioned several times to satisfy the claims of the male members of the ruling House of Pomerania. The partitions were named after the ducal residences: Pomerania-Barth, -Demmin, -Rügenwalde, -Stettin, -Stolp, and -Wolgast. None of the partitions had a hereditary character, the members of the House of Pomerania inherited the duchy in common. The duchy thus continued to exist as a whole despite its division. The only exception was made during a war with the Margraviate of Brandenburg, when in 1338 Barnim III of Pomerania-Stettin was granted his partition as a fief directly from the Holy Roman Emperor, while Pomerania-Wolgast remained under formal Brandenburgian overlordship. However, already in 1348, German king and later emperor Charles IV again granted the Duchy of Pomerania as a whole and the Principality of Rügen as a fief to the dukes of both Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast, nullifying Brandenburg's claims by granting Imperial immediacy.
Asira al-Qibliya
’Asira al-Qibliya (Arabic: عصيرة القبلية) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the eastern West Bank, located  southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 2,935 inhabitants in 2017.

Nablus Governorate
The Nablus Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نابلس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Nāblus) is an administrative district of Palestine located in the Central Highlands of the West Bank, 53 km north of Jerusalem. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The governor of the district is Mahmoud Aloul.
Baby Train
The Baby Train, or simply Baby Train, is an urban legend told in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia.  The legend first appeared in Christopher Morley's 1939 novel Kitty Foyle. According to the legend, a certain small town had an unusually high birth rate. This was allegedly caused by a freight train passing through the town and blowing its whistle, waking up all the residents. Since it was too late to go back to sleep and too early to get up, couples would have sex. This resulted in a mini-baby boom.

Baby boom
A baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of births. This demographic phenomenon is usually an ascribed characteristic within the population of a specific nation or culture. Baby booms are caused by various fertility factors. The best-known baby boom occurred in the mid-twentieth century, sometimes considered to have started in the aftermath of World War II, from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. People born during this period are often called baby boomers.
Gnathophyma
Gnathophyma involves swelling of the chin.: 693  It is a type of lesion associated with rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous (oily and fatty) glands characterized by redness, swelling, and acne-like pustules.

Other lesions associated with rosacea, which affects about 10 percent of fair-skinned people normally between the ages of 30 and 50, include:

Rhinophyma (enlarged nose)

Metophyma (enlarged cushion-like swelling of the forehead)

Blepharophyma (swelling of the eyelids)

Otophyma (a cauliflower-like swelling of the earlobes)

Treatment for mild to moderate cases includes an oral antibiotic or topical gel or cream.

Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma is a condition causing development of a large, bulbous nose associated with granulomatous infiltration, commonly due to untreated rosacea. The condition is most common in older white males.

Colloquial terms for the rhinophyma include "whiskey nose", "gin blossom", "toros nose", and "potato nose".
Mikołów County
Mikołów County (Polish: powiat mikołowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mikołów, which lies 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice. The county also contains the towns of Łaziska Górne, lying 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Mikołów, and Orzesze, 11 km (7 mi) west of Mikołów.

The county covers an area of 231.53 square kilometres (89.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 98,689, out of which the population of Mikołów is 40,898, that of Łaziska Górne is 22,298, that of Orzesze is 21,043, and the rural population is 14,450.

Łaziska Górne
Łaziska Górne [waˈʑiska ˈɡurnɛ] (German: Ober Lazisk, Silesian: Gōrne Łaziska) is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Outer town of the Metropolis GZM – metropolis with a population of 2 million. Located in the Silesian Highlands.

It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Łaziska is one of the towns of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the town is 22,298 as of 2019.
Gmina Zawonia
Gmina Zawonia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Zawonia, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Trzebnica, and 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The gmina covers an area of 118.12 square kilometres (45.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,929.

Trzebnica
Trzebnica (Polish pronunciation: [tʂɛbˈɲit͡sa]; German: Trebnitz, Czech: Třebnice) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Trzebnica County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Trzebnica. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area. As of 2019, it has a population of 13,331.

Founded in the medieval period, Trzebnica is home to the Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga, one of the historical burial sites of Polish monarchs and consorts and a regional pilgrimage site since the 14th century, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Trzebnica was the temporary capital of Lower Silesia in 1945. In 2017, the town was the co-host of the World Games (orienteering, middle distance).
2022 Sparkassen ATP Challenger
The 2022 Sparkassen ATP Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Ortisei, Italy between 24 and 30 October 2022. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Morshi
Morshi is a town in the Amravati district of Maharashtra, India. It is situated near the Madhya Pradesh border, in the scenic southern foothills of the Satpura ranges, 55 km northeast of Amravati. Morshi and the surrounding region are also known for the cultivation of Nagpur oranges and the prominent Nal Damayanti Dam. Salbardi village is also very close to Morshi.

Akola
Akola  (/əˈkoʊlɑː/) is a major city in the Vidarbha region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. With an estimated population of 600,000, Akola is a growing metropolis surrounded by forts, and has the Morna River running through the center of the city.

Akola is an important financial city and  affiliated with Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. It has recently become a hub of coaching classes preparing students for competitive exams like  NEET and JEE.  The city is developing into a market centre. The primary language spoken by the people of Akola is the Varhadi dialect of Marathi while English is used mostly in educational institutions and Hindi being a lingua franca, including large number of Native Berari a branch of Deccani language which is formally recognized as dialect of Urdu language.
1990 United States Senate special election in Hawaii
The 1990 United States Senate special election in Hawaii took place on November 4, 1990. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka was elected to finish the term ending in 1995.  He had been  appointed by Governor John Waiheʻe in April 1990 to serve temporarily after the death of Spark Matsunaga. This was the best Republican performance in a U.S. Senate race in Hawaii where the Democrat won since Hiram Fong retired in 1976.

1976 United States Senate election in Hawaii
The 1976 United States Senate election in Hawaii took place on November 2, 1976. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Hiram Fong did not seek re-election to a fourth term. Democrat Spark Matsunaga won the open seat by defeating Republican William Quinn.

Primary elections were held on October 2. Former Governor William F. Quinn easily won the Republican nomination with 93 percent of the vote. In the Democratic primary, Spark Matsunaga won with 51 percent of the vote. His closest competitor was his House colleague Patsy Mink, who received 41 percent.
High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.

Film look
Film look (also known as filmizing or film-look) is a process in which video is altered in overall appearance to appear to have been shot on film stock. The process is usually electronic, although filmizing can sometimes occur as an unintentional by-product of some optical techniques, such as telerecording.  The process has the opposite result to VidFIRE, used to restore a video look to telerecorded video.
Sunset Beach, Oregon
Sunset Beach is a small unincorporated community located between the cities of Seaside and Warrenton in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Sunset Beach is located between U.S. Route 101, Sunset Lake and the Pacific Ocean.  It serves as the northernmost access to the resort community of Surf Pines, and provides motor vehicle beach access. The "Fort to Sea Trail", which follows the route used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition when hiking from Fort Clatsop to the Pacific Ocean, ends at the beach access. A beach of the same name is west of the community.

Seaside, Oregon
Seaside is a coastal city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The name Seaside is derived from Seaside House, a historic summer resort built in the 1870s by railroad magnate Ben Holladay. The city's population was 7,115 at the 2020 census.
Leadville Trail 100 MTB
The Leadville Trail 100 MTB is the second oldest of the well-known 100-mile (160 km) marathon mountain bike races held in the United States, the oldest being the Wilderness 101 in central Pennsylvania.  The Leadville Trail 100 MTB was first run in 1994 and has become one of the best marketed, attended and known marathon events in mountain bike racing.

Entry to the event is controlled and restricted. Some entries are awarded by a random lottery, while other entries are awarded by finishing well in a series of qualifying events. Lottery entries are due by the end of December for the race that is run the second Saturday in August. Qualifying events are similar to the Leadville 100 race but shorter, typically around 100 km in length. Courses for qualifying events typically cover similar terrain (roads, dirt roads, gravel roads and mild trails) with similar vertical elevation gains (~100 feet per 1 mile).

Wilderness 101 Mountain Bicycle Race
The Wilderness 101 Mountain Bicycle Race is an ultra-endurance 101 miles (163 km) mountain bike race held annually in late July. The race is commonly called the W101, akin to a first year college course, such as Physics 101, at the nearby Penn State University.

The race was first held in 1991 and been held continuously since 2001. The W101 starts and ends in a small village Coburn, Pennsylvania near Millheim, Pennsylvania. The W101 course is a single loop covering roads, forest roads and trails. The total climbing in the race is approximately 12,000 feet (3,700 meters).)  The majority of the course is within the Bald Eagle and Rothrock Pennsylvania State Forests. The event is organized and run primarily by Shenandoah Mountain Touring (located in Harrisonburg, VA) and has been one of the stops of the National Ultra Endurance Series since 2006.
Merope (play)
Merope is a 1731 tragedy by the British writer George Jeffreys. It takes place in Ancient Greece, based around the myth of Merope. Voltaire wrote his own play Mérope on the subject in 1743.

The original cast included Anne Berriman as Merope, James Quin as Glycon, Thomas Chapman as Nicanor, Thomas Walker as Adrastus, Lacy Ryan as Egistus, William Milward as Polydorus, Charles Hulett as Argaleon and John Ogden as Arbantes. The prologue was written by Aaron Hill.

Mérope
Mérope (original French title: La Mérope Française) is a tragedy in five acts by Voltaire. The text is a reworking by Voltaire of the Italian tragedy Merope (1713) by Scipione Maffei, dating from 1736/1737. The play premiered in 1743 and first appeared in print in 1744.
Yves Edwards
Yves Edwards (born September 30, 1976) is a Bahamian retired mixed martial artist, who is best known for competing in the UFC's Lightweight division, fighting 21 times in the promotion. A professional competitor since 1997, he also competed for PRIDE, the WEC, Strikeforce, Bellator, EliteXC, King of the Cage, BodogFIGHT, the MFC, and HDNet Fights. For a period of time (2004), Edwards was ranked as the #1 Lightweight in the world.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
1989 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Defending champion Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova in a rematch of the previous two years' finals, 6–2, 6–7(1–7), 6–1 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. It was her second Wimbledon singles title and seventh major singles title overall. This marked the third of three years that Graf and Navratilova contested the Wimbledon final.

In her final Wimbledon appearance, three-time champion Chris Evert reached her 52nd major semifinal, an Open Era women's singles record. She reached the semifinals at the majors all but four times during her career, failing only once at Wimbledon (in 1983).

1983 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Defending champion Martina Navratilova defeated Andrea Jaeger in the final, 6–0, 6–3 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1983 Wimbledon Championships. It was her fourth Wimbledon singles title and sixth major singles title overall. Navratilova did not lose a set during the tournament.

Billie Jean King became the oldest major semifinalist in the Open Era at 39 years, 7 months and 9 days old. Chris Evert Lloyd's loss in the third round ended her streak of 34 consecutive major semifinals, dating back to her major debut at the 1971 US Open, and marked her career first loss at a major before the semifinals.
Gmina Łapanów
Gmina Łapanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bochnia County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Łapanów, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Bochnia and 34 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 71.18 square kilometres (27.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,533.

Bochnia
Bochnia [ˈbɔxɲa] ⓘ is a town on the river Raba in southern Poland, administrative seat of Bochnia County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Bochnia is most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built in the 13th century, a World Heritage Site and a Historic Monument of Poland.

As of December 2021, Bochnia has a population of 29,317 and an area of 29.87 square kilometres (11.53 sq mi).
Book of Taliesin
The Book of Taliesin (Welsh: Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.

The volume contains some of the oldest poems in Welsh, possibly but not certainly dating back to the sixth century and to a real poet called Taliesin.

Gwyneth Lewis
Gwyneth Denver Davies MBE, FLSW (born 1959), known professionally as Gwyneth Lewis, is a Welsh poet, who was the inaugural National Poet of Wales in 2005. She, along with Menna Elfyn and Grahame Davies, wrote the text that appears over the Wales Millennium Centre.
LRDD
Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing, also known as LRDD or p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LRDD gene.

The leucine-rich repeat (LRR), first identified by Patthy, is a domain involved in protein-protein interactions and is present in numerous proteins that serve a variety of cellular roles. Leucine-rich repeats (LRR) proteins in eukaryotic cells are found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, extracellular matrix and plasma membrane.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics.

Many proteins interact with PCNA via the two known PCNA-interacting motifs PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) box and AlkB homologue 2 PCNA interacting motif (APIM). Proteins binding to PCNA via the PIP-box are mainly involved in DNA replication whereas proteins binding to PCNA via APIM are mainly important in the context of genotoxic stress.
Nazi symbolism
The 20th-century German Nazi Party made extensive use of graphic symbols, especially the swastika, notably in the form of the swastika flag, which became the co-national flag of Nazi Germany in 1933, and the sole national flag in 1935. A very similar flag had represented the Party beginning in 1920.

Nazi symbols and additional symbols have subsequently been used by neo-Nazis.

Armanen runes
The Armanen runes (or Armanen Futharkh) are 18 pseudo-runes, invented by Austrian mysticist and Germanic revivalist Guido von List in 1902. Inspired by the historic Younger Futhark runes, they were described in his Das Geheimnis der Runen ('The Secret of the Runes'); this was published as a periodical article in 1906, and as a standalone publication in 1908. The name seeks to associate the runes with the postulated Armanen, whom von List saw as ancient Aryan priest-kings. The runes continue in use today in esotericism and in Germanic neopaganism.
USS Moose (1863)
USS Moose was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat assigned to patrol Confederate waterways to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Moose, a wooden sternwheel steam gunboat built at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1863 as Florence Miller II, was purchased at Cincinnati 20 May 1863, and commissioned immediately, Comdr. LeRoy Fitch in command.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 2590 metres steeplechase
The men's 2590 metres steeplechase was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only time the event was held at the 2590 metre distance, though the 1900 Summer Olympics had featured a similar event in the 2500 metre steeplechase. The competition was held on August 29, 1904. 7 athletes from 2 nations competed. Jim Lightbody of the United States won the first of his three gold and four overall medals in the 1904 Games. Irishman John Daly took silver, with Lightbody's countryman Arthur L. Newton earning bronze.

Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 2500 metres steeplechase
The men's 2500 metres steeplechase was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the first time that a steeplechase race was held at the Olympics. The race was held on July 15, 1900, on a 500-metre track. Six athletes from six nations competed in the shorter of the two steeplechase events. The 4000 metre steeplechase race was held one day later. The event was won by George Orton of Canada, who represented the United States at the games. Sidney Robinson of Great Britain took silver, while Jean Chastanié of France earned bronze.