hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boxing at the 2015 Commonwealth Youth Games
Boxing was competed as one of the nine sports at the 2015 Commonwealth Youth Games in the Apia from September 5 to 11, 2015, in the Tuana’imato Sports Facility, Apia. The event is only open to boys. In the Games, the age limit for participating athletes has been set according to the youth category of the International Boxing Association, which is 17–18 years, means athletes born in 1997 or 1998 are only eligible to take part.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
Rugby league in France
Rugby league has been played in France since 1934. As with rugby union, rugby league was introduced by the English and the heartland of the game is in the south of France.

During the Second World War, in association with the French Rugby Federation (FFR), the sport was banned by the Vichy government, an act from which the code has struggled to recover. There has been a recent resurgence of the sport following the admission of Catalans Dragons and Toulouse Olympique to the professional RFL system, with Catalans a mainstay in the Super League who most recently made the Grand Final in 2023.

In 2012, there were approximately 30,000 active participants.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
LNER Class EE1
Class EE1 (Electric Express 1) was a one-off electric locomotive commissioned by the North Eastern Railway  in 1922.  Ownership passed to the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923 and to British Railways in 1948.

It was an electrically powered locomotive in the pre-TOPS period.

Ken Hoole
Ken Hoole (1916–1988) was an English historian known for his works on the railways of the north east of England.

The Ken Hoole Study Centre at the Darlington Railway Centre and Museum, and the Ken Hoole Trust are named after him.
2017 Royal Bank Cup
The 2017 Royal Bank Cup was the 47th Canadian junior A Ice Hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior Hockey League and the 47th consecutive year a national championship was awarded to this skill level since the breakaway of Major Junior hockey in 1970.  The tournament was played at the Cobourg Community Centre in Cobourg, Ontario.

Centennial Cup
The Centennial Cup is an annual ice hockey tournament organized by Hockey Canada and the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL), which determines the national champion of junior A ice hockey. It consists of a ten-team round robin featuring the winners of all nine CJHL member leagues as well as a pre-selected host city.

The championship has also been known as the National Junior A Championship in 2019, it was formerly known as the Royal Bank Cup from 1996 to 2018 and the Manitoba Centennial Cup from 1971 to 1995. It is currently branded as the Centennial Cup after Tim Hortons, the title sponsor of the 2022 tournament, withdrew future sponsorship in response to the Hockey Canada sexual assault scandal.
Charles Howard Lloyd
Charles Howard Lloyd (October 12, 1873 – September 21, 1937) was an American architect based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Active in the early 20th century, he became one of the city's most prominent designers, producing civic, educational, residential, and commercial buildings during the City Beautiful movement. His works include the Zembo Shrine, Simon Cameron School, Telegraph Building (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania), and private residences such as the David E. Tracy Mansion.

Moorish Revival architecture
Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of articulated decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar classical and Gothic modes. Neo-Moorish architecture drew on elements from classic Moorish architecture and, as a result, from the wider Islamic architecture.
Abdominal tuberculosis
Abdominal tuberculosis is a type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which involves the abdominal organs such as intestines, peritoneum and abdominal lymph nodes. It can either occur in isolation or along with a primary focus (such as the lungs) in patients with disseminated tuberculosis.

Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration (/ˈkeɪsiəs/) is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance, appearing as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.  The dead tissue is enclosed within a granuloma, and differs from coagulative necrosis in that tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with tuberculoma.

The term caseous means 'pertaining or related to cheese', and comes from the Latin word caseus 'cheese'.
Martyn Finlay
Allan Martyn Finlay QC (1 January 1912 – 20 January 1999) was a New Zealand lawyer and politician of the Labour Party. He was an MP in two separate spells and a member of two different governments, including being a minister in the latter where he reformed the country's justice system.

1969 New Zealand general election
The 1969 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of Parliament's 36th term. It saw the Second National Government headed by Prime Minister Keith Holyoake of the National Party win a fourth consecutive term. This is the most recent election where an incumbent government won a fourth term in office.
Ante Moric
Ante Tomislav Moric (born 19 April 1974) is an Australian professional soccer coach and former player who is the head coach for Geelong.

A midfielder, Moric represented Australia at youth, Olympic, and senior levels. After retirement he become a coach, initially at the Under 20 level at Sydney United in the NSW NPL, then St George, before being appointed head coach of Victorian NPL side Dandenong City in 2019.

Football NSW League
The Football NSW League is an Australian soccer league based in New South Wales that was founded in 2022 and administered by Football NSW. It consists of two divisions that were named after the Football NSW League's breakaway of the National Premier Leagues NSW second and third divisions (and formerly fourth division) that ran in the NPL NSW system from 2013 to 2021.
Euthyphro dilemma
The Euthyphro dilemma is found in Plato's dialogue Euthyphro, in which Socrates asks Euthyphro, "Is the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?" (10a)

Although it was originally applied to the ancient Greek pantheon, the dilemma has implications for modern monotheistic religions. Gottfried Leibniz asked whether the good and just "is good and just because God wills it or whether God wills it because it is good and just". Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma, and it continues to be an object of theological and philosophical discussion today.

Voluntarism (philosophy)
Voluntarism is "any metaphysical or psychological system that assigns to the will (Latin: voluntas) a more predominant role than that attributed to the intellect", or equivalently "the doctrine that will is the basic factor, both in the universe and in human conduct". Voluntarism has appeared at various points throughout the history of philosophy, seeing application in the areas of metaphysics, psychology, political philosophy and theology. The term voluntarism was introduced by Ferdinand Tönnies into the philosophical literature and particularly used by Wilhelm Wundt and Friedrich Paulsen.

In the context of socialist thought, voluntarism is the use of human will and effort to overcome material limitations to advance development in the absence of advanced technology and economic resources.
Palmgrenska samskolan
59°20′19.8″N 18°4′45.2″E﻿ / ﻿59.338833°N 18.079222°E﻿ / 59.338833; 18.079222

Palmgrenska samskolan ('Palmgren Coeducational School'), originally Praktiska arbetsskolan för barn och ungdom ('Practical Work School for Children and Youth'), in Stockholm, Sweden, was the first school in Scandinavia to offer coeducation up to the studentexamen. It was also the first to offer sloyd, a handicraft-based education, in addition to theoretical subjects. The school changed its name to Palmgrenska samskolan in 1891–1892.

Sloyd
Sloyd (Swedish slöjd), also known as educational sloyd, is a system of handicraft-based education started by Uno Cygnaeus in Finland in 1865. The system was further refined and promoted worldwide, and was taught in the United States until the early 20th century. It is still taught as a compulsory subject in Finnish, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian schools.
1985 Seiko Super Tennis Hong Kong
The Seiko Super Tennis Hong Kong, also known as the 1985 Hong Kong Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Victoria Park Tennis Centre in Hong Kong that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from 18 November through 24 November 1985. Third-seeded Andrés Gómez won the singles title.

Hong Kong Open (tennis)
The Hong Kong Open is a professional tennis tournament played annually at the Victoria Park Centre Court in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.
The men's tournament is named the Bank of China Hong Kong Tennis Open, an ATP 250 tournament leading up to the Australian Open, and is held in early January every year starting in 2024. 
The women's tournament is named the Prudential Hong Kong Tennis Open, a WTA 250 tournament, and is held in early October every year starting in 2014.

The Hong Kong Tennis Open was previously named the Salem Open that began in 1973 and discontinued in 2002. After a 21-year absence, the men's tournament resumed in January 2024. The women's tournament commenced in 1980 and was discontinued two years later. In 1993, the tournament returned for one year before being discontinued until 2014 where it has become a permanent fixture of the Asian swing on the WTA Tour.
Carmen Scarpitta
Carmen Scarpitta (26 May 1933 – 26 April 2008) was an Italian stage and film actress. She appeared in 30 films between 1960 and 2001.

Scarpitta was born in Hollywood, California. She debuted on stage in 1960 in Alessandro Manzoni's Adelchis and in Ennio Flaiano's A Martian in Rome, both directed by Vittorio Gassman. During her 40-year career she worked on stage with Carmelo Bene, Luca Ronconi and Luigi Squarzina, and starred in films directed by Federico Fellini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Mauro Bolognini and Luigi Magni.

She died from a gas leak in her house in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.

Carmelo Bene
Carmelo Pompilio Realino Antonio Bene (1 September 1937 – 16 March 2002) was an Italian actor, poet, film director, and screenwriter. He was an important exponent of the Italian avant-garde theatre and cinema. 
In 1968, his movie Our Lady of the Turks won the Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival) at the Venice Film Festival. 
He died of a heart ailment in 2002.
Pratápolis
Pratápolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 8,566 people living in a total area of 214 km2 (83 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos.  It became a municipality in 1943.

Setubinha
Setubinha is a  municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.  As of 2020 the population was 12,378 in a total area of 536 km2 (207 sq mi). The elevation is 729 metres. It is part of the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, with the main crops being coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and corn.  As of 2005 there were no hospitals and 3 public health clinics.  In 2006 there were 14 primary schools and 2 middle schools.
The Many Hands
The Many Hands is a BBC Books original novel written by Dale Smith and based on the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones. It was published on 10 April  2008, alongside Martha in the Mirror and Snowglobe 7.

Alexander Monro Secundus
Alexander Monro of Craiglockhart and Cockburn FRSE FRCPE (22 May 1733 – 2 October 1817) was a Scottish anatomist, physician and medical educator. He is typically known as Alexander Monro secundus  to distinguish him as the second of three generations of physicians of the same name. His students included the naval physician and abolitionist Thomas Trotter. Monro was from the distinguished Monro of Auchenbowie family. His major achievements included, describing the lymphatic system, providing the most detailed elucidation of the musculo-skeletal system to date and introducing clinical medicine into the curriculum. He is known for the Monro–Kellie doctrine on intracranial pressure, a hypothesis developed by Monro and his former pupil George Kellie, who worked as a surgeon in the port of Leith.
Église du Bon-Pasteur
The Église du Bon-Pasteur (French pronunciation: [eɡliz dy bɔ̃ pastœʁ]) is a Roman Catholic church located at rue Neyret on the slopes of La Croix-Rousse, near the montée de la Grande Côte, in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon. Cardinal Barbarin described the church as "highly symbolic for Lyon Christians".

Montée de la Grande Côte
The Montée de la Grande Côte, or the Montée de la Grande-Côte (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃te də la ɡʁɑ̃d kot] ⓘ), is a street of La Croix-Rousse quarter, in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon, which connects the Terreaux quarter and the Plateau de la Croix Rousse. It is characterized by a high elevation and is more narrow at the bottom. The street belongs to the zone that is classified as World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Al-'Azi
Al-'Azi (Arabic: العازي, Hebrew: אל עזי) is an Arab village in central Israel. Located just south of Kfar Menahem, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 193.

Kfar Menahem
Kfar Menahem (Hebrew: כְּפַר מְנַחֵם, lit. Menahem Village) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located about 7 km east of Kiryat Malakhi, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,371.
Place D'Youville (Quebec)
Place D’Youville, also referred to as carré D'Youville, is a public square in the core of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It is situated on rue Saint-Jean, one of the oldest roads in Quebec City. It marks the boundary between the Quebec Parliament Hill and Old Quebec. The square is named in honour of Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, a French Canadian widow who founded the religious order known as the Grey Nuns of Montreal.

In addition to the square itself, Place D'Youville is also used to refer to the area surrounding the bus terminal for the Réseau de transport de la Capitale (Quebec City's transit system), the Palais Montcalm, and the Théâtre Capitole de Québec.

Part of the square is transformed into a skating rink during winter months, and to its west is the sculpture "The Muses" by Alfred Laliberté, donated by the Government of Quebec for the 375th anniversary of the city in 1983.

Parliament Hill (Quebec City)
Parliament Hill (French: Colline parlementaire, pronounced [kɔlin paʁləmɑ̃tɛʁ]) is located in Quebec City in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou, specifically in districts of Vieux-Québec—Cap-Blanc—colline Parlementaire and Saint-Jean-Baptiste. In addition to the Parliament Building of Quebec, the Hill has a few shopping streets and residential areas and public green spaces. The hill on which it is located is the promontory of Quebec.

In 1985, the complex of parliamentary building was declared a Site historique national ("National Historic Site of Canada").
S.V. Excelsior
SV Excelsior is an amateur football club from the Commewijne District town of Meerzorg, Suriname. The club was founded in 1918 and spent most of its tenure in the top flight of Surinamese football. Recently, the club had been in a dry spell, and spend time in the second tier of Surinamese football, only recently to be promoted back into the Hoofdklasse.

SVB Tweede Divisie
The SVB Tweede Divisie is third-highest division overall in the Surinamese football league system after the SVB Eerste Divisie, where the top club is promoted to each season. The weakest club is relegated to the Derde Divisie. The league was previously known as the SVB Eerste Klasse but became the Eerste Divisie for the 2016–17 season after Suriname's top division changed its name from Hoofdklasse to Topklasse, only to be rebranded as the Tweede Divisie for the 2017–18 season.

The competition was founded in 1923.
Tupolev DB-1
The Tupolev DB-1 (ANT-36) was a Soviet long-range bomber developed in the 1930s. It was developed from the Tupolev ANT-25 distance record-breaking aircraft. Development was prolonged and it was recognized as obsolete by the time it was in production. Only eighteen were built and all were withdrawn from service in 1937.

Degtyaryov machine gun
The Degtyaryov machine gun (Russian: Пулемёт Дегтярёва Пехотный (ПДП), romanized: Pulemyot Degtyaryova Pekhotny (PDP), lit. 'Degtyarev Infantry Machinegun' or DP-27/DP-28 is a light machine gun firing the 7.62×54mmR cartridge that was primarily used by the Soviet Union, with service trials starting in 1927, followed by general deployment in 1928.

Besides being the standard Soviet infantry light machine gun (LMG) during World War II, with various modifications it was used in aircraft as a flexible defensive weapon, and it was equipped on almost all Soviet tanks in WWII as either a flexible bow machine gun or a co-axial machine gun controlled by the gunner. It was improved in 1943 producing the DPM, but it was replaced in 1946 with the RP-46 which improved on the basic DP design by converting it to use belt feed. The DP machine gun was supplemented in the 1950s by the more modern RPD machine gun and entirely replaced in Soviet service by the general purpose PK machine gun in the 1960s.
Amendingen (Memmingen)
Amendingen (Swabian: Aumadenga) is a district and parish village of the independent city of Memmingen in Bavaria. The first settlement dates back to before 233. The village was first documented in 1180 and belonged to the rule of the Knights of Eisenburg until 1455. From 1475, the village was divided among various ruling dynasties and monasteries. In 1803 the present parish was established with the Imperial Delegation.

Amendingen was an independent municipality from 1805 until it was incorporated into Memmingen in 1972. With a population of over 3700, Amendingen is the largest district after Memmingen. The former parish village is best known for its baroque St. Ulrich's Church and the northern industrial park, which is largely located on Amendingen's land.

Odile of Alsace
Odile of Alsace, also known as Odilia and Ottilia, born c. 662 – c. 720 at Mont Sainte-Odile), is a saint venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. She is a patroness saint of good eyesight and of the region of Alsace.

Saint Odile is commemorated with a feast day on 13 December, and on 14 December in Alsace.
Light aircraft manufacturers in the Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia had a significant history in producing aircraft, but the aeronautical industry was extremely influenced by several negative factors at the end of the 1980s. The collapse of the East European market, combined with the global recession reduced the production of all aircraft manufacturers.

Since 1990, many small private companies specializing mainly in the production of light sporting aircraft were founded.  These firms are headed by very experienced engineers and workers, being former employees of big state owned aeronautical factories. By 2003, the Czech Republic became the third largest manufacturer of such planes in Europe (after France and Germany), with over 500 light aircraft produced yearly.

Incomplete list of manufacturers:

ATEC v.o.s.

BRM Aero

Czech Sport Aircraft

Dova Aircraft

Evektor-Aerotechnik

InterPlane Aircraft

Skyleader

TL-Ultralight

UL-Jih

Urban Air

ATEC v.o.s.
ATEC v.o.s. is a Czech aircraft manufacturer, founded in 1992 and based in Libice nad Cidlinou. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction as well as ready-to-fly aircraft for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and the American light-sport aircraft categories.

Petr Volejník is the company owner, general and production manager, designer and test pilot.

The company was formed in 1992 as a manufacturer of aircraft parts under sub-contract. The first aircraft built was the composite fuselage wood and fabric-wing Zephyr in 1996. The design was developed into the smaller, single-seat ATEC 212 Solo made entirely from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer. The ATEC 321 Faeta was introduced in 2003 and improves on the Zephyr in that it is also made from carbon fibre.

The Faeta has been accepted by the US Federal Aviation Administration as a light-sport aircraft.
Robert Barnhart
Robert K. Barnhart (1933 – April 2007) was an American lexicographer and editor of various specialized dictionaries.   He was co-editor, with his father Clarence Barnhart, on some editions of the Thorndike-Barnhart dictionaries and The World Book Dictionary.   With his father and Sol Steinmetz, he edited the three volumes of The Barnhart Dictionary of New English (1973, 1980, 1990).

He also edited The Hammond Barnhart Dictionary of Science (1986), also published as The American Heritage Dictionary of Science (1988).   Perhaps his major work is The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology (1988), which is marketed under the title Chambers Dictionary of Etymology in the United Kingdom. It is one of the most comprehensive volumes of its kind. He edited an abridgement, The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995).  His Barnhart Abbreviations Dictionary (1995) includes a reverse list of what the abbreviations stand for.

Robert's brother David K. Barnhart is also a lexicographer.

Sol Steinmetz
Sol Steinmetz (July 29, 1930 – October 13, 2010) was a Hungarian American linguistics and lexicography expert who wrote extensively about etymologies, definitions and uncovered earliest recorded usages of words in English and Yiddish. A widely sought source on all things lexical, he earned recognition from William Safire in his On Language column in The New York Times Magazine in 2006 as a "lexical supermaven".