hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pališkiai
Pališkiai (formerly Russian: Палишки, Polish: Paliszki, Piliszki, Poliszki) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 71 people. It is located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from Krakės, just south from Meironiškiai. Pališkiai de facto is part of Meironiškiai village.

At the beginning of the 20th century Pališkiai was an okolica.

Krakės
Krakės (formerly Krakiai ) is a small town in Kėdainiai district, central Lithuania. It is located on the Smilgaitis River. In the town, there are the Catholic church of St. Matthew the Evangelist (built in 1907), Mikalojus Katkus gymnasium, library, medicine station, St. Catherine women convent, Krakės Agriculture Cooperative with former culture center, swimming pool and shop (built in 1983, architect K. Žalnierius). There is the Vytautas Ulevičius museum of wooden sculptures.

Krakės is on the eastern boundary of the Nevėžis Plain, on the Krakės Ridge (altitude 95–100 meters). Roads go to Betygala, Grinkiškis, Kėdainiai, Bokštai, Gudžiūnai and Josvainiai. The Krakės-Dotnuva Forest is 2–3 km away from the town.
PS22 Chorus
The PS22 Chorus, directed by Gregg Breinberg, is a Webby Award-winning public elementary school chorus from PS 22 in Graniteville, Staten Island, New York City. It is composed of 60-70 fifth-graders. PS 22 is the largest elementary school on Staten Island. PS22 Chorus has performed with a multitude of musical acts (e.g. Katy Perry, O.A.R., Carrie Underwood, Portugal. The Man, and Fifth Harmony) and has had celebrated appearances on numerous national and international broadcasts throughout the years (including the widely publicized performance of "Over The Rainbow" that closed the 83rd Academy Awards), after its videos had gained worldwide attention within the popular video-sharing site YouTube. To date, the chorus's YouTube videos have been watched more than 100 million times.

Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA), is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) veterans organization founded by Paul Rieckhoff, an American writer, social entrepreneur, advocate, activist and veteran of the United States Army and the Iraq War. He served as an Army First Lieutenant and infantry rifle platoon leader in Iraq from 2003 through 2004. Rieckhoff was released from the Army National Guard in 2007.
Latin omega
Latin omega, or simply omega, is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet, based on the lowercase shape of the Greek letter omega ⟨ω⟩. It was included as a Latin letter in the Mann and Dalby 1982 revision of the African Reference Alphabet and has been used as such in some publications in the Kulango languages in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s. In other Kulango publications the letters V with hook ⟨Ʋ⟩ or Latin upsilon ⟨Ʊ⟩ are found instead.
The Italian humanist Giovan Giωrgio Trissino proposed in 1524 a reform of Italian orthography that included lowercase and uppercase omega for the open ⟨o⟩ sound ([ɔ]).
He later reassigned it to the closed ⟨o⟩ ([o]).

V with hook
The letter V with hook (Majuscule: Ʋ, minuscule: ʋ) is a Latin script character based on an italic form of V, although it more closely resembles U. It is used in the orthographies of some African languages such as Ewe, and Shona from 1931 to 1955 to write [β], like the pronunciation of ⟨v⟩ in "van" using both lips. In Mossi (Mooré) it is used to write [ʊ], like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "foot". In Kabiye and Ikposso it is used to write [u] (with retracted tongue root), like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "food". It is also used in the North American language Choctaw to write [ə], a schwa, like the pronunciation of ⟨a⟩ in "again".

Its lowercase form, [ʋ], is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a labiodental approximant.

Its Unicode code points are U+01B2 ("Latin capital letter V with hook") and U+028B ("Latin small letter V with hook"), respectively.
Scholl Canyon Landfill
The Scholl Canyon Landfill is a municipal solid waste disposal facility and landfill located in the central San Rafael Hills, within eastern Glendale in Los Angeles County, southern California. The 314 acres (127 ha) of land is located at 3001 Scholl Canyon Road, north of the Ventura Freeway (State Route 134), east of the Glendale Freeway (State Route 2), north of Eagle Rock, and west of the Arroyo Seco. It is owned by the City of Glendale. The landfill opened in 1961.

The site accepts such waste as segregated asphalt, municipal solid and inert waste, clean dirt, manure, segregated uncontaminated green waste, scrap tires, and construction/demolition and industrial material.

Regional access to the landfill is from the Ventura Freeway (State Route 134) at the Figueroa Street exit.  Public access is only from Scholl Canyon Road.

Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km) seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà, who named the stream Arroyo Seco because its canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration, he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamongna) of the Tongva Indians.
2003 Tropicana 400
The 2003 Tropicana 400 was the stock car race of the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, July 13, 2003, in Joliet, Illinois, at Chicagoland Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 267 laps to complete. At race's end, Penske Racing South driver Ryan Newman would stretch out his fuel mileage well enough to coast to the line and win his fourth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his third of the season. To fill out the podium, Tony Stewart of Joe Gibbs Racing and Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Cup Series at Chicagoland Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series are held at the Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. Previously, the race was held in July from 2001 through 2010, with night races held from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 to 2017, the races were held as the first race of the Cup Series playoffs in the round of 16. In 2018, as part of the schedule realignment, the race was held on the last weekend of June. The race was placed on hiatus from 2019 to 2025 and returned in 2026.

Alex Bowman was the latest winner of the race.
1967 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum
A referendum on the length of the term of Parliament was held in New Zealand on 23 September 1967. Voters were asked whether they approved of extending the term from three to four years. The change was rejected by 68.1% of voters, with a turnout of 69.7%.

The referendum was held in conjunction with a licensing hours referendum.

Referendums in New Zealand
Referendums (or referenda) are held only occasionally by the Government of New Zealand. Referendums may be government-initiated or held in accordance with the Electoral Act 1993 or the Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993. Nineteen referendums have been held so far (excluding referendums on alcohol licensing, which were held triennially between 1894 and 1989); fourteen were government-led, and five were indicative citizen initiatives.
Star height problem
The star height problem in formal language theory is the question whether all regular languages can be expressed using regular expressions of limited star height, i.e. with a limited nesting depth of Kleene stars. Specifically, is a nesting depth of one always sufficient? If not, is there an algorithm to determine how many are required? The problem was first introduced by Eggan in 1963.

Kleene star
In formal language theory, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) refer to two related unary operations, that can be applied either to an alphabet of symbols or to a formal language, a set of strings (finite sequences of symbols).

The Kleene star operator on an alphabet V generates the set V* of all finite-length strings over V, that is, finite sequences whose elements belong to V; in mathematics, it is more commonly known as the free monoid construction. The Kleene star operator on a language L generates another language L*, the set of all strings that can be obtained as a concatenation of zero or more members of L. In both cases, repetitions are allowed.

The Kleene star operators are named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, who first introduced and widely used it to characterize automata for regular expressions.
Samsonite House
The Samsonite House is a historic house located in the neighborhood of Lincoln Park in Denver, Colorado. The home on Galapago Street is representative of the Italianate style of architecture, with a flat-roof cornice and tall narrow windows. It first was a rectory for the  St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church and was then owned by the Shwayder family, founders of Samsonite Corporation.

The Samsonite House received historic designation as a Denver Landmark by the Denver City Council on February 12, 2019.

Samsonite
Samsonite International S.A. is an American luggage manufacturer and retailer, with products ranging from large suitcases to small toiletries, bags and briefcases. The company was founded in 1910 in Denver, Colorado, United States.

Its registered office is in Luxembourg and it is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Aleksandr Trofimov (actor)
Aleksandr Alekseevich Trofimov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алексе́евич Трофи́мов, born 18 March 1952 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian actor of theater and cinema, Honored Artist of Russia (1992), People's Artist of Russia (2013), leading actor of the Moscow's Taganka Theatre.

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
Rocky Mountain (federal electoral district)
Rocky Mountain 
was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Bow River, Jasper—Edson, Lethbridge, and Macleod ridings.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Bow River, Calgary South, Lethbridge—Foothills, Peace River, Red Deer and Yellowhead ridings.

Peace River (federal electoral district)
Peace River was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2015. It was a rural riding in northwest Alberta, representing Clear Hills County, Saddle Hills County, Birch Hills County, the County of Grande Prairie No. 1, the County of Northern Lights, Mackenzie County, most of Northern Sunrise County, the Municipal District of Fairview No. 136, the Municipal District of Peace No. 135, the Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133, the Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130 and the northern portion of the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16. Following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012 the riding abolished into Grande Prairie-Mackenzie (72%) and Peace River—Westlock (28%).
Alabama National Cemetery
Alabama National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Montevallo, Alabama, about 35 miles south of Birmingham, Alabama. It encompasses 479 acres (194 ha), will serve veterans' needs for at least the next 50 years, and interments began on June 25, 2009.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Gmina Brańszczyk
Gmina Brańszczyk is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Brańszczyk, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Wyszków and 62 km (39 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 167.61 square kilometres (64.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,408 (8,428 in 2013).

Wyszków County
Wyszków County (Polish: powiat wyszkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It originally existed from 1956 until the abolition of the powiats in 1975, but was re-created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998, which reintroduced the powiats and created 16 large voivodeships. The administrative seat and only town in the county is Wyszków, which lies 53 kilometres (33 mi) north-east of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 876.49 square kilometres (338.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 74,094, out of which the population of Wyszków is 26,905, and the rural population is 47,189.
Prince of Wales, Highgate
The Prince of Wales is a Grade II listed public house in Highgate, London. Located on Highgate High Street, the building dates back to the eighteenth century. It became a pub in 1864 when the future Edward VII held the title of Prince of Wales. Amongst former landlords was the retired sportsman Leslie Compton who played cricket for Middlesex and football for Arsenal.  The rear of the pub faces on to Pond Square. The pub and neighbouring buildings have been listed since 1974.

Highgate
Highgate is a suburban area of north London, which is divided among three London boroughs: Haringey in the north and east, Camden in the south and west, and Islington in the south and east. It lies at the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath, 4.5 mi (7 km) north-north-west of Charing Cross.

Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has three conservation organisations: the Highgate Society, the Highgate Neighbourhood Forum and the Highgate Conservation Area Advisory Committee, to protect and enhance its character and amenities.
Shoulder sleeve insignia
Shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI) are embroidered cloth emblems worn on U.S. Army uniforms, primarily on the upper left sleeve, to identify the wearer’s current unit of assignment and lineage. When worn on the right sleeve, the insignia denotes prior participation in designated hostile conditions. Before the introduction of the current term, the right-sleeve version was officially designated Shoulder Sleeve Insignia – Former Wartime Service (SSI-FWTS); this designation was superseded by SSI-Military Operations in Hostile Conditions (SSI-MOHC) to reflect updated Department of the Army terminology. Informally, it is also known as a "combat patch". It signifies prior participation in combat or designated hostile environments with the represented unit. Authorization to wear SSI depends on the soldier’s unit and is governed by Department of the Army uniform regulations (such as Army Regulation 670-1), which specify the conditions under which patches may be worn.

Battle Dress Uniform
The Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) is a camouflaged combat uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces as their standard combat uniform from the early 1980s to the mid-2000s. Since then, it has been replaced or supplanted in every branch of the U.S. Armed Forces.

BDU-style uniforms and derivatives still see widespread use in other countries (some of them being former U.S. surplus stocks transferred under U.S. security assistance programs), while others are still worn by some U.S. federal, state, and local law enforcement agents who may work in tactical situations, such as the DEA RRT and SWAT teams. The uniforms are also used by urban search and rescue groups such as FEMA USAR task force teams and firefighting agencies when conducting technical rescues or other special operations.
Attempted assassination of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
The attempted assassination of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud occurred on 18 March 2025, when al-Shabaab militants targeted the Somali president's convoy with a roadside bomb in Mogadishu, Somalia.

The attack took place near the Villa Somalia presidential palace as President Mohamud was en route to Aden Adde International Airport to oversee military operations against al-Shabaab in the Middle Shabelle region. The president was unharmed in the attack.

Hirshabelle
Hirshabelle, officially Hirshabelle State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Hirshabelle ee Soomaaliya), is a Federal Member State in south-central Somalia. It is bordered by Galmudug state of Somalia to the north, South West State of Somalia and Banadir region to the south, Ethiopia to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east. Jowhar is the capital city.

Hirshabelle consists of the Hiran and Middle Shabelle regions of Somalia.  ,  and others, each with a rich history and significant presence in the region. The name of the state originates from combining their names. Hirshabelle proclaimed itself the autonomous Federal Member State of the Federal Republic of Somalia as stipulated in the provisional Constitution of Somalia.
Barry McGee
Barry McGee (born 1966) is an American artist. He is known for graffiti art, and a pioneer of the Mission School art movement. McGee is known by his monikers: Twist, Ray Fong, Bernon Vernon, and P.Kin.

Glossary of graffiti
A number of words and phrases that have come to describe different styles and aspects of graffiti and its subculture. Like other jargon and colloquialisms, some of these terms may vary regionally, taking on different meanings across different cities and countries. The following terminology originates primarily in the United States.
National Highway 30 (India)
National Highway 30 (NH 30) is a primary national highway in India. NH 30 connects Sitarganj in Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. The total length of this highway is 1,984.3 km (1,233.0 mi). It starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj and ends at the junction of NH 65 at Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada. Development of Ibrahimpatnam-Jagadalpur Route is under process. Rajdeep Rohan joint venture is the contract agency for this project. Second bridge was completed on 17 April 2024  at pilgrimage city of Bhadrachalam which is famous for temple of Lord Shri Rama. NH-30 runs through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India.

National Highway 731 (India)
National Highway 731 (NH 731) is a National Highway entirely located within Uttar Pradesh, India. It links Palia Kalan to Saidpur via Lucknow. Its section between Lucknow and Saidpur roughly parallels that of the Purvanchal Expressway.
North East Zone Cultural Centre
North East Zone Culture Centre  in Chümoukedima in Nagaland state is one of many regional cultural centres established by the Indian Government to preserve and promote traditional cultural heritage of India. The North East Cultural Zone is one of seven Cultural Zones of India defined and provided with administrative infrastructure by the Government of India.

Chümoukedima
Chümoukedima (/ˈtʃmʊkɛdimə/), previously spelled Chumukedima, formerly known as Samaguting, is a municipality in the Chümoukedima District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is situated on the left bank of the Chathe and with its surrounding area that includes several other towns and villages, the Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area is the largest urban agglomeration in Nagaland in terms of area and third largest in terms of population, after Dimapur and Kohima.

Chümoukedima is the only municipality of the district of the same name. Chümoukedima was designated as the first headquarters of then Naga Hills District of Assam Province, British India, from 1866 until the administrative office  moved to Wokha in 1875 and then to Kohima in 1879.
Pneumoviridae
Pneumoviridae (from Greek pneumo- 'lung' + -viridae 'virus', from Latin, 'poison, slimy liquid') is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Humans, cattle, and rodents serve as natural hosts. Respiratory tract infections are associated with member viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus. There are five species in the family which are divided between the genera Metapneumovirus and Orthopneumovirus. The family used to be considered as a sub-family of Paramyxoviridae, but has been reclassified as of 2016.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DdRP), which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps.
1974 Tour de Suisse
The 1974 Tour de Suisse was the 38th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 13 June to 21 June 1974. The race started in Gippingen and finished in Olten. The race was won by Eddy Merckx of the Molteni team.

Tour de Suisse
The Tour de Suisse (English: Tour of Switzerland) is an annual road cycling stage race. Raced over eight days, the event covers two weekends in June, and along with the Critérium du Dauphiné, it is considered a proving ground for the Tour de France, which is on the calendar approximately two weeks after the end of the Tour de Suisse. Since 2011 the event is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional races.

From 2021, a women's race has been held at the same time, with the event joining the UCI Women's World Tour from 2023.
ATC-0175
ATC-0175 is a drug used in scientific research, which is a selective, non-peptide antagonist at the melanin concentrating hormone receptor MCH1. In animal studies it has been shown to produce both anxiolytic and antidepressant actions, but without sedative or ataxic side effects.

Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (/ˌæŋksiəˈlɪtɪk, ˌæŋksioʊ-/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and their related psychological and physical symptoms.