hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phoebus Dhrymes
Phoebus James Dhrymes (October 1, 1932 – April 8, 2016) was a Cypriot American econometrician. He was a professor of economics at Columbia University. Dhrymes made substantial contributions to econometric theory through journal articles and textbooks.

Born on Cyprus, Dhrymes arrived in the United States in 1951, settling with relatives in New York City. After a few months, he volunteered to be drafted into the US Army for a two-year tour of duty, and afterwards attended the University of Texas at Austin on the G.I. Bill. In 1961 he earned his Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology under supervision of Edwin Kuh and Robert Solow. He was appointed associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1963 and became a full professor in 1967. Since 1973, he had been a professor at Columbia University.

He died on April 8, 2016.

Edwin Kuh
Edwin Kuh (April 13, 1925 – June 9, 1986) was an American economist. He was a faculty member at the MIT Sloan School of Management for over 30 years, and was widely known for his work with econometric models to forecast production, savings, investment, business cycle, unemployment, and related functions. John Kenneth Galbraith called him "one of the most innovative economists of his generation."

A native of Chicago, Kuh attended Williams College and received his Ph.D. degree from Harvard University in 1955; the year after, he joined the faculty of the MIT Sloan School of Management as an associate professor. His dissertation topic—business investment decisions—coincided with that of a Harvard classmate, John R. Meyer, leading them to merge both papers and publish it as The Investment Decision: An Empirical Study in 1957. In 1972, Kuh headed George McGovern's economic advisory panel during his presidential campaign.
Gorlic acid
Gorlic acid is a long-chain unsaturated carbocyclic fatty acid composed of 18 carbon atoms, featuring a five-membered cyclopentene ring and a cis-double bond in the position 6=7. The chemical formula is C18H30O2. In biochemistry, the compound is considered a rare fatty acid that is only found in some plants.

Cyclopentene
Cyclopentene is a chemical compound with the formula (CH2)3(CH)2. It is a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor.  It has few applications, and thus is mainly used as a minor component of gasoline, present in concentrations of less than 1%. It is one of the principal cycloalkenes.
James Cantwell
James "Jim" Cantwell is an American politician and lawyer from Massachusetts. A Democrat, Cantwell is the State Director and Senior Advisor for United States Senator Ed Markey. Cantwell previously served as the Massachusetts State Representative for the 4th Plymouth district from 2008 to 2018. The district encompassed Marshfield and precincts 1, 2, 4, 5, & 6 of Scituate.

Congressional staff
Congressional staff are employees of a legislative Congress who support legislators in their duties. They handle a variety of tasks, including policy research, constituent services, communications, and administrative support. Staffers may work with individual members of Congress, or they may be associated with committees or other organizations that support Congress.
Marie-Jeanne Boucher
Marie-Jeanne Boucher was a French painter and engraver. She was baptized on 9 January 1716, in the parish of Saint-Nicolas des Champs.

She was married to François Boucher and several of her works have been attributed to her husband.

She died on Friday 30 December 1796 in her home on the rue de l'Égalité.

François Boucher
François Boucher (UK: /ˈbuːʃeɪ/ BOO-shay, US: /buːˈʃeɪ/ boo-SHAY; French: [fʁɑ̃swa buʃe]; 29 September 1703 – 30 May 1770) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher, who worked in the Rococo style. Boucher is known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories, and pastoral scenes. He was perhaps the most celebrated painter and decorative artist of the 18th century.
Robert L. Simpson Jr.
Robert L. Simpson Jr. (July 28, 1946 – December 26, 2020) was a computer scientist whose primary research interest was applied artificial intelligence.  He served as chief scientist at Applied Systems Intelligence, Inc. (ASI) working with Dr. Norman D. Geddes, CEO. Simpson was responsible for the creation of the ASI core technology PreAct. ASI has since changed its name to Veloxiti Inc.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
2024 Arizona Tennis Classic
The 2024 Arizona Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Phoenix, United States, between 12 March and 17 March 2024 and was listed as an ATP Challenger Tour 175 for a second year.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Portellsaurus
Portellsaurus (meaning "Portell Lizard") is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Margas de Mirambell Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, Portellsaurus sosbaynati, known from a partial right dentary.

Hadrosauroidea
Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or Hadrosauridae, and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to Iguanodon. Their remains have been recovered in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the Asian Probactrosaurus and Altirhinus, have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only Iguanodon and perhaps its closest relatives.
First Battle of Middlewich
53°11′34″N 2°26′40″W﻿ / ﻿53.19266°N 2.44457°W﻿ / 53.19266; -2.44457

The First Battle of Middlewich took place on 13 March 1643, during the First English Civil War, and was fought between the Parliamentarians, under Sir William Brereton, and the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, under Sir Thomas Aston.

Northwich
Northwich is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire West and Chester borough of Cheshire, England. It lies on the Cheshire Plain, at the confluence of the rivers Weaver and Dane, 18 miles (29 km) east of Chester, 15 miles (24 km) south of Warrington, 19 miles (31 km) south of Manchester, 69 miles (111 km) north of Birmingham, and 36 miles (58 km) south-east of Liverpool. The population of the parish was 22,726 at the 2021 census.

The area around Northwich was exploited for its salt pans by the Romans, when the settlement was known as Condate. The town had been severely affected by salt mining and subsidence was historically a significant problem. Mine stabilisation work was completed in 2007.
Brendan Schaub
Brendan Peter Schaub (born March 18, 1983) is an American podcast host, former professional mixed martial artist, and stand-up comedian. He is the host of The Fighter and the Kid podcast, the Below the Belt with Brendan Schaub podcast, and co-host of the Golden Hour podcast, along with fellow comedians Chris D'Elia and Erik Griffin. After signing with Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 2009 to compete on The Ultimate Fighter, he fought for the company until 2014. He officially retired from mixed martial arts (MMA) in 2015. Since 2015, Schaub has been performing stand-up comedy, initially as a duo act with comedian Bryan Callen, but more recently as a solo comedian. Schaub released his debut comedy special titled You'd Be Surprised in 2019 followed by his second special, The Gringo Papi in 2022, both of which received negative reviews.

Aurora, Colorado
Aurora (/əˈroʊrə/, /əˈrɔːrə/) is a home rule city located in Arapahoe, Adams, and Douglas counties, Colorado, United States. The city's population was 386,261 at the 2020 United States census with 336,035 living in Arapahoe County, 47,720 in Adams County, and 2,506 in Douglas County. Aurora is the third-most-populous city in the State of Colorado and the 51st-most-populous city in the United States. Aurora is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Combined Statistical Area, and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Healthcare in Merseyside
Healthcare in Merseyside reflects the unique historical legacy of the region. The main city, Liverpool, had five of the most deprived areas in the country in 2012 according to a Church Urban Fund report. According to then-city Mayor Joe Anderson, "The people in Calderstones, Woolton, and Childwall outlive the people in other areas of Liverpool, like parts of north Liverpool, by 10 to 12 years or so".

Clinical commissioning group
Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were National Health Service (NHS) organisations set up by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to replace strategic health authorities and primary care trusts to organise the delivery of NHS services in each of their local areas in England. On 1 July 2022, they were abolished and replaced by integrated care systems as a result of the Health and Care Act 2022.
Anoop Jacob
Anoop Jacob (born 16 December 1977) is an Indian politician and a Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly and Legislative Party leader of the Kerala Congress (Jacob), a constituent of the UDF political alliance. He is the son of T. M. Jacob who founded the party in 1993. Anoop represents Piravom Constituency in Kerala Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Assembly following a by-election at Piravom in March 2012 which was necessitated due to the demise of his father, the incumbent of the constituency. He was also elected in May 2016. In the 2021 election Anoop was elected from the same constituency with a highest majority.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)
The Battle of Baton Rouge was a ground and naval battle in the American Civil War fought in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, on August 5, 1862. The Union victory halted Confederate attempts to recapture the capital city of Louisiana.

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish (French: Paroisse de Bâton-Rouge Est; Spanish: Parroquia del Este de Bastón Rojo) is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its population was 456,781 at the 2020 census. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital. East Baton Rouge Parish is located within the Greater Baton Rouge area.
Austre Hestlægerhøe
Austre Hestlægerhøe is a mountain on the border of Vågå Municipality and Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,951-metre (6,401 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 37 kilometres (23 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Styggehøi and Vestre Hestlægerhøe to the west, Glittertinden to the northwest, Nautgardsoksli and Nautgardstinden to the east, and Stornubben and Hindnubben to the northeast.

Vågåmo
Vågåmo is the administrative centre of Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Otta River, at the eastern end of the lake Vågåvatn in the Ottadalen valley. The Norwegian National Road 15 passes through the village. The 1.68-square-kilometre (420-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,471 and a population density of 876 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,270/sq mi).

Vågåmo is home to a local museum, the Jutulheimen Bygdemuseum, and to the historical Klones farm which is also the location of the Nord-Gudbrandsdalen Upper Secondary School (videregående skole) which specializes in agriculture. The Klones farm dates back to the 15th century and has been the location of the school since 1919. There are also many horses and a store named Jutulbue there. Vågå Church is located in the village.
2017 Mid-Season Invitational
The 2017 Mid-Season Invitational was the third annual League of Legends Mid-Season Invitational (MSI) tournament, hosted by Riot Games. The tournament was held from April 28 to May 21, 2017, in Brazil. This was the first time MSI had been extended. Each of 13 premier League of Legends leagues had a team that won the Spring Split represent them; Europe (EU LCS), South Korea (LCK), and China (LPL) had their teams automatically admitted into the main event whereas the other 10 leagues competed among each other in a "Play-in Stage" with the top 3 teams advancing to join the main event.

SK Telecom T1 from South Korea successfully defended their championship from the previous year, defeating G2 Esports 3–1 in the final.

2016 Mid-Season Invitational
The 2016 Mid-Season Invitational was the second event of the Mid-Season Invitational (MSI), a League of Legends tournament by Riot Games. It took place from March 4 to March 15, 2016, in Shanghai Oriental Sports Center, Pudong, Shanghai, China. The participants were 6 winning teams of the Spring Seasons in their respective regions: 5 teams from North America (NA LCS), Europe (EU LCS), China (LPL), South Korea (LCK), Taiwan/Hong Kong/Macau (LMS) and a team from Wildcard regions (Brazil, CIS, Japan, Latin America, Oceania, Southeast Asia) that won the Mid-Season International Wildcard Invitational (IWCI).

SK Telecom T1 from South Korea won their first MSI title after defeating Counter Logic Gaming from North America 3–0 in the final.
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's), or A & SH of C, is a Primary Reserve Highland infantry regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces, based at John W. Foote VC Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 31 Canadian Brigade Group. The regiment was formed in 1903 as "91st 'Highlanders'", and since 1920 "Princess Louise's" has been part of the regimental title, for Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll.

Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line
The Drocourt-Quéant Line ([dʁɔ.kuʁ ke.ɑ̃]; German: Wotan Stellung) was a set of mutually supporting defensive lines constructed by Germany between the French towns of Drocourt and Quéant during World War I. This defensive system was part of the northernmost section of the Hindenburg Line, a vast German defensive system that ran through northeastern France.

It was attacked and captured by Canadian and British troops in the closing months of the war as part of Canada's Hundred Days of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war.
2019 Internationaux de France
The 2019 Internationaux de France was the third event of the 2019–20 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at Patinoire Polesud in Grenoble, France from November 1–3. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final.

2019–20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2019–20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final  was held from December 5–8, 2019 at the Torino Palavela in Turin, Italy. The combined event was the culmination of two international series — the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance on the senior and junior levels.

Strasbourg, France was announced as the provisional host, before being changed to Turin.
Macamish Fort
Macamish Fort is one of several Napoleonic batteries built along the shores of Lough Swilly in county Donegal, to defend the north west of Ireland. It was part of a scheme to fortify Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle against French Invasion during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and was completed between 1812 and 1813. It was built on a rock outcrop overlooking the lough. It comprises a Martello Tower mounting a single gun and battery mounting three guns. The fort was originally entered by a drawbridge.

After the end of the Napoleonic Wars the defences were neglected and not updated. By the 1860s the Fort was obsolete and disarmed.

The fort remains substantially intact, and is now in use as a private residence.

Martello tower
A Martello tower is a type of small defensive fort that was built across the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the French Revolutionary Wars onwards. Most were for coastal defense.

A Martello tower stands up to 40 feet (12 m) high, with two floors and a typical garrison of one officer and 15–25 men. The round structure and thick solid masonry walls made it resistant to cannon fire, while its height made it an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse over a complete 360 degrees. A few towers had moats or other batteries and works attached for extra defence.

The Martello tower was used during the first half of the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often preserved as historic monuments.
Ohlweiler
Ohlweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
Pardus (video game)
Pardus is a graphical browser-based MMORPG written in PHP and C/C++ and set in a futuristic universe where players interact and compete in space. It is a persistent-universe, open-ended game with a player-driven economy. Players travel through hundreds of "sectors" or solar systems while trading, building or battling with non-player characters (NPCs) and other players. There are dozens of spacecraft models in Pardus, which can be customized with different weapons, armor and other equipment. Pardus characters do not have a defined 'class'.

Partially inspired by classic computer games such as Elite and Master of Orion II, Pardus was developed and published by the Austrian company Bayer&Szell OG. Alpha testing of the game began in September 2004 and the core feature set was finished by October 1, 2006.

Master of Orion II: Battle at Antares
Master of Orion II: Battle at Antares is a 4X turn-based strategy game set in space, designed by Steve Barcia and Ken Burd, and developed by Simtex, who developed its predecessor Master of Orion and Master of Magic. The PC version was published by MicroProse in 1996, and the Macintosh version a year later by MacSoft, in partnership with MicroProse. The game has retained a large fan base, and is still played online.

Master of Orion II won the Origins Award for Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Computer Game of 1996, and was well received by critics, although reviewers differed about which aspects they liked and disliked. It is used as a yardstick in reviews of more recent space-based 4X games.
Ipswich Town F.C. Women
Ipswich Town Football Club Women is a women's team affiliated with Ipswich Town Football Club. The club currently competes in the Women's Super League 2, the second tier of women's English football, following promotion from the FAWNL South Division as champions in the 2024–25 season.

They play their home games at Colchester Community Stadium in Colchester, the home of Colchester United, while also playing the occasional game at Portman Road. The club wears the traditional home colours of blue shirts with white shorts and blue socks. Like the men's team, they have a long-standing rivalry with Norwich City, against whom they contest the East Anglian derby, though in recent years the two clubs have been in separate leagues.

Norwich City Women F.C.
Norwich City Women is the women's football club affiliated to Norwich City F.C. Previously operated by a board of volunteers, Norwich City F.C. formally integrated the women's side into the club in February 2022.

They compete in the FA Women's National League Division One South East, in the fourth tier of English women's football. Founded in 1982, the original Norwich Ladies team won the Women's FA Cup in 1986 under manager Maureen Martin before disbanding in 1987. The 1990s saw new team Canary Racers achieve four consecutive first place finishes in the Eastern Region Women's Football League Premier Division, before they joined the South East Combination Women's Football League in 1998. They started competing as Norwich City in 2001. The current Norwich City Women have won the Norfolk County Cup eight times and are the current holders. They play their home games at The Nest but occasionally play home fixtures at Carrow Road.
Chajew
Chajew [ˈxajɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brąszewice, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Brąszewice, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Brąszewice
Brąszewice [brɔ̃ʂɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brąszewice. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Sieradz and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Dogs Leg Fjord
Dogs Leg Fjord is an inlet 6 nautical miles (11 km) long in an east-west direction and 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) wide, lying south of German Peninsula, directly east of Ridge Island and opening on Bourgeois Fjord, along the Fallières Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill, and so named because of its shape.

Bourgeois Fjord
Bourgeois Fjord is an inlet, 30 miles (50 km) long in a northeast–southwest direction and 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) wide, lying between the east sides of Pourquoi Pas Island and Blaiklock Island and the west coast of Graham Land. It separates Loubet Coast to the north from Fallières Coast to the south. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Colonel Joseph E. Bourgeois, Director of the Geographic Service of the French Army. The outline of this inlet was more accurately delineated in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill.