hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed train
The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed train (京沪高速动车组列车) are high-speed train services operated by CR Beijing and CR Shanghai on Beijing–Shanghai HSR in China. The services provide high-speed train connections between Beijing, the capital of China, and Shanghai, the economic center and largest city of the country. Currently, 41 pairs of G-series trains are operated daily.

G-series trains
G-series trains (Chinese: 高速动车组列车) are the fastest train services of China Railway. The trains usually run on dedicated high-speed railways with a designed top speed of 300–350 km/h (186–217 mph). The prefix "G" is pronounced as Gao in the CR system, which is short for Gaosu Dongche meaning high-speed EMUs in Chinese. The numbering of G trains are defined by the prefix G followed by a train number. Compared with D-series trains, G-series trains are operated at higher speeds for either part or whole of the journey, and if compared to the D trains sharing  the route, may have fewer stops and even overtake these D trains by giving the latter a longer stay at some stations. G trains are also the only type of train that do not permit standees.
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor that is encoded by the DDIT3 gene. It is a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of DNA-binding transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis and has an important role in the cell's stress response.

EIF2
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) is a eukaryotic initiation factor. It is required for most forms of eukaryotic translation initiation. eIF2 mediates the binding of tRNAiMet to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. eIF2 is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha (also called subunit 1, EIF2S1), a beta (subunit 2, EIF2S2), and a gamma (subunit 3, EIF2S3) subunit.

Once the initiation phase has completed, eIF2 is released from the ribosome bound to GDP as an inactive binary complex. To participate in another round of translation initiation, this GDP must be exchanged for GTP.
Lake Vereteno
Lake Vereteno is a narrow glacial lake, 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) long, located in the northeast part of Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills in Princess Elizabeth Land of Antarctica. The lake is approximately 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) south of Luncke Ridge.

The lake was first photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and subsequently by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954–58), and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). It was named Ozero Veretenu (Spindle Lake) by the latter.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Lake Vereteno". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Vestfold Hills
The Vestfold Hills are rounded, rocky, coastal hills, 512 square kilometres (198 sq mi) in extent, on the north side of Sorsdal Glacier on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. The hills are subdivided by three west-trending peninsulas bounded by narrow fjords. Most of the hills range between 30 and 90 metres (98 and 300 ft) in height, with the highest summit reaching nearly 160 metres (520 ft).
2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2015 Trofeo Faip–Perrel was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 9 and 15 February 2015.

Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The Internazionali di Bergamo, known as the Trofeo Faip-Perrel, is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts at the ChorusLife Arena. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. 
In 2025 after a year hiatus (when the event was moved to Rovereto), it came back to Bergamo as an upgraded Challenger 100. It was held annually at the PalaNorda di Bergamo - Palazzetto di Bergamo, in Bergamo, Italy from 2006 until 2022. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ in 2009.
History of Newcastle Jets FC
The History of the Newcastle Jets FC starts at their inception in 2000 by businessman Con Constantine after the collapse of the city's previous football club the Newcastle Breakers. The Breakers were dissolved when Soccer Australia revoked its NSL licence at the conclusion of the 1999/2000 season. At the formation of Newcastle United the home ground was moved back to where Newcastle KB United played, now known as EnergyAustralia Stadium.

Sasho Petrovski
Sasho Petrovski (Macedonian: Сашо Петровски, Sašo Petrovski) (born 5 March 1975) is a former Australian football (soccer) player who last played for Bankstown City. Petrovski has two caps for the Australian national team. Petrovski was known in the A-League as one of the most prolific strikers, scoring 41 goals between the 3 clubs.
Liberty Christian Preparatory School
Liberty Christian Preparatory School (LCPS) is a private Christian school in Tavares, Florida, United States, run by neighboring Liberty Baptist Church. Founded in 1983, it educates approximately 500 students in kindergarten through 12th grade. After a 2002 expansion, it changed to its current name from Liberty Christian Academy, reflecting the upgrade of its curriculum to a college-preparatory program accredited by the Florida Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, the National Council for Private School Accreditation and the Middle States Association-Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools.

Florida Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
The Florida Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (FACCS) is an organization that accredits Florida's Christian schools. It holds teachers conventions and annual competitions for its member schools. It is a member of the National Council for Private School Accreditation and is recognized by the Florida Association of Academic Nonpublic Schools.
Isle of Man Steam Packet Company
The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company Limited (abbreviated to IoMSPCo or, locally, The Steam Packet (Manx: Phaggad Bree Ellan Vannin)) is the oldest continuously operating passenger shipping company in the world, having been founded in 1830.

The company provides freight, passenger and vehicle services between the Isle of Man Sea Terminal, in Douglas, Isle of Man, and four ports in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is owned by the Isle of Man Government.

Linkspan
A linkspan or link-span is a type of drawbridge used mainly in the operation of moving vehicles on and off a roll-on/roll-off (RO-RO) vessel or ferry, particularly to allow for tidal changes in water level.

Linkspans are usually found at ferry terminals where a vessel uses a combination of  ramps either at the stern, bow or side to load or unload cars, vans, trucks and buses onto the shore, or alternately at the stern and/or the bow to load or unload railroad cars.
2019 IndyCar Grand Prix
The 2019 IndyCar Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 2019 IndyCar season. The race took place over 85 laps on the infield road course at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. Simon Pagenaud, who drove for Team Penske, made a late race pass on Scott Dixon to win his first race since 2017.

2019 IndyCar Series
The 2019 NTT IndyCar Series was the 24th season of the IndyCar Series and the 108th official championship season of American open-wheel racing. The premier event was the 2019 Indianapolis 500, with Will Power entering as the defending winner. Honda entered as the defending Manufacturers' Cup champion. Scott Dixon entered the season as the defending National Champion.

Josef Newgarden won his second Drivers' Championship, while Honda won the Manufacturers' Championship for the second year in a row, and it was the manufacturer's first championship of the Reiwa era. Rookie of the Year honors went to Felix Rosenqvist.
David van der Poel
David van der Poel (born 15 June 1992) is a Belgian-born Dutch former road and cyclo-cross cyclist.

He represented his nation in the men's elite event at the 2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in Heusden-Zolder.

He is the son of the Dutch cyclist Adri van der Poel, brother of Mathieu van der Poel and grandson of the French cyclist Raymond Poulidor.

He retired at the end of the 2023 season.

Exact Cross
The Exact Cross is a season-long cyclo-cross competition, formerly known as the Ethias Cross and the Brico Cross, consisting of 8 rounds throughout the season in Belgium and the Netherlands. It is one of five season-long competitions, alongside the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup, Cyclo-cross Superprestige, the X²O Badkamers Trophy (formerly known as the DVV Trophy, before that the BPost Bank Trophy and before that as the Gazet van Antwerpen trophy) and the HSF System Cup. In contrast to the other competitions, the Exact Cross does not award points or compose an overall ranking, but rather consists of separate races. Sponsored by the Belgian hardware chain Brico for the first three seasons and then by the Belgian insurance company Ethias from 2019 to 2022, its main sponsor is the enterprise software provider Exact.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 12 U.S. representatives from the state of New Jersey, one from each of the state's 12 congressional districts. The primary election in which candidates were chosen took place on July 7, 2020. The general election coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

No seats changed parties, although Rep. Jeff Van Drew was re-elected as a Republican after switching parties earlier in the year.

New Jersey's 2nd congressional district
New Jersey's 2nd congressional district, based in Southern New Jersey, is represented by Republican  Jeff Van Drew. He was first elected as a Democrat in 2018, but announced on December 19, 2019, that he would be switching parties. The district, which is New Jersey's largest geographically, is a Republican-leaning seat that has shifted to the right since the mid 1990s.
Collegium Hosianum
The Collegium Hosianum was the Jesuit collegium founded in 1565, 1566 by Polish Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Braunsberg (Braniewo), Kingdom of Poland. The town was then part of the Polish Prince-Bishopric of Warmia under rule of Cardinal Hosius. The Collegium Hosianum was one of the biggest Jesuit schools and one of the most important centres of Counter-Reformation in Europe and was particularly established to educate Catholic clergy of different countries.

Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)
The Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) was the last in a series fought by Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1600 and 1629. In July 1626, Gustavus Adolphus landed in Polish Prussia in an attempt to capture Gdańsk, but neither side could win a decisive advantage and the war became a stalemate.

Under the September 1629 Truce of Altmark, the Commonwealth accepted the loss of what became Swedish Livonia, including the strategic Baltic Sea port of Riga. Sweden also retained its gains in Prussia, although these were returned in the 1635 Treaty of Stuhmsdorf. The end of hostilities permitted Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War in June 1630.
JFLAP
JFLAP (Java Formal Languages and Automata Package) is interactive educational software written in Java 
for experimenting with topics in the computer science 
area of formal languages and automata theory, primarily intended for use at the undergraduate level or as an advanced
topic for high school.  JFLAP allows one to create and simulate structures, such as programming a finite-state machine, and 
experiment with proofs, such as converting a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) to a 
deterministic finite automaton (DFA).

JFLAP is developed and maintained at Duke University, with support from the  National Science Foundation since 1993. It is freeware and the source code of the most recent version is available, but under some restrictions. JFLAP runs as a Java application.

Regular language
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a regular language (also called a rational language) is a formal language that can be defined by a regular expression, in the strict sense in theoretical computer science (as opposed to many modern regular expression engines, which are augmented with features that allow the recognition of non-regular languages).

Alternatively, a regular language can be defined as a language recognised by a finite automaton. The equivalence of regular expressions and finite automata is known as Kleene's theorem (after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene). In the Chomsky hierarchy, regular languages are the languages generated by Type-3 grammars.
Outline of lichens
The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.

Lichens are composite organisms made up of multiple species. They comprise a fungal partner, one or more photosynthetic partners, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria, and, in at least 52 genera of lichens, a yeast. In American English, "lichen" is pronounced the same as the verb "liken" (/ˈlaɪkən/). In British English, both this pronunciation and one rhyming with "kitchen" (/ˈlɪtʃən/) are used.

Acarosporales
The Acarosporales are an order of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. Phylogenetic analyses conducted using the sequences of both the protein-coding gene RPB2 as well as nuclear ribosomal genes place this order within the subclass Acarosporomycetidae.

According to a recent (2020) survey of fungal classification, the Acarosporales contain two families: Acarosporaceae, with 11 genera and about 260 species, and Eigleraceae, with 1 genus and 2 species.
Lackagh
Lackagh (Irish: Leacach) is a civil parish in County Galway, Ireland. It is approximately halfway between Galway city and Tuam (east of a line between these two towns) and bounded by the parishes of Athenry, Abbeyknockmoy, Corofin, Annaghdown and Claregalway. The River Clare runs through the centre of the parish.

It was once part of the kingdom of the Soghain of Connacht. Cregmore and Turloughmore lie within the parish.

Claregalway
Baile Chláir or Baile Chláir na Gaillimhe (anglicised Claregalway) is a Gaeltacht village about 10 km north of Galway city in County Galway, Ireland. Claregalway was founded on the banks of the River Clare, hence the derivation of its name: Baile Chláir na Gaillimhe meaning "town on the Clare, in Galway". Claregalway lies within a Gaeltacht (Irish speaking) area and most locals traditionally spoke English only as a second language. The village is in a civil parish and barony of the same name.
Mermoz BC
Mermoz Basket Club, also known as simply Mermoz or MBC, is a Senegalese basketball club based in Dakar. Their men's team plays in the Nationale 1, the top level of national basketball. They won the Saint Michel Cup once, in 2011, after defeating US Gorée in the final.

US Gorée (basketball)
Union Sportive Gorée is a basketball club based in Gorée Island, east of the city centre of Dakar. They play in the top division in Senegalese basketball, the Nationale 1. Their home arena is the Marius Ndiaye Stadium. The team president is Augustin Senghor. The club has won six national championships.
Lluís Graner
Lluís Graner i Arrufí, or Arrufat in Spanish (5 February 1863–7 May 1929) was a Catalan painter in the Realistic style, artistic director and theater entrepreneur from Barcelona, Spain. After achieving notable success in painting, he moved into lighting design for theatrical shows and developed the Catalan lyrical theater genre of "musical visions".

He was the owner of the sala Mercè, on Barcelona's Rambla, where he established the first stable season of cinematograph sessions and musical visions. In 1905 he won the competition for the lease of Barcelona's Teatro Principal, where he set up the company Espectacles-Audicions Graner. Under his artistic direction, notable pieces of Catalan lyric theater were premiered, such as La santa espina, by Enric Morera and Àngel Guimerà.

La Rambla, Barcelona
La Rambla (Catalan pronunciation: [lə ˈramblə]) is considered the most well known street in central Barcelona. A tree-lined pedestrian street, it stretches for 1.2 kilometres (3⁄4 mile) connecting  the Plaça de Catalunya in its center with the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. La Rambla forms the boundary between the neighbourhoods of the Barri Gòtic to the east and the El Raval to the west.

La Rambla can be crowded, especially during the height of the tourist season. It hosts a combination of eateries, shops, markets, and cultural institutions.

The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once said that La Rambla was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."
Cross burning
In modern times, cross burning or cross lighting is a practice which is associated with the Ku Klux Klan. However, it was practiced long before the Klan's inception. Since the early 20th century, the Klan has burned crosses on hillsides as a way to intimidate and threaten Black Americans and other marginalized groups.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Neothorelia
Neothorelia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Capparaceae. The only species is Neothorelia laotica Gagnep..

It is native to Laos in Indo-China.

The genus name of Neothorelia is in honour of Clovis Thorel (1833–1911), a French botanist, explorer and doctor. The Latin specific epithet of laotica means "of Laos", the place where the plant was found.
Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Bull. Soc. Bot. France Vol.55 on page 269 in 1908.

Capparaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 140 species), Morisonia (87 species), Maerua (70 species), Boscia (30 species), and Cadaba (30 species).
Tug McGraw
Frank Edwin "Tug" McGraw Jr. (August 30, 1944 – January 5, 2004) was an American professional baseball relief pitcher. McGraw played in 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1965 to 1984, for the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. He is often remembered for coining the phrase "Ya Gotta Believe", which became the rallying cry for the 1973 New York Mets and has since become a popular slogan for the team and fans.

McGraw struck out Willie Wilson to end the 1980 World Series against the Kansas City Royals, bringing the Philadelphia Phillies their first World Series championship in franchise history.

McGraw was one of six Phillies players to die prematurely from glioblastoma, a brain cancer.

1980 Kansas City Royals season
The 1980 Kansas City Royals season was their 12th in Major League Baseball. The Royals, under new manager Jim Frey, finished first in the American League West with a record of 97–65. Kansas City finally broke through in the postseason, sweeping the New York Yankees 3–0 in the 1980 American League Championship Series after falling to the Yankees in the ALCS in 1976, 1977 and 1978. The Royals lost to the Philadelphia Phillies 4–2 in the World Series.

George Brett had one of the best seasons in Major League Baseball history. Brett became the first Royals player to win a Most Valuable Player award, and his league-leading .390 batting average was the highest in the majors since Ted Williams hit .406 in 1941. Brett also led the team in home runs (24) and set a single-season franchise record with 118 runs batted in.
Nguyễn Văn Quyết
Nguyễn Văn Quyết (born 1 July 1991) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for V.League 1 club Hà Nội.

Nguyễn Văn Quyết started his career with Thể Công before moving to V.League 1 side Hanoi FC in 2011, where he established himself as one of the best player in the league. He won thirteen trophies at Hanoi, including five V.League 1 titles, three National Cups and five Super Cups.

A youth international for Vietnam from under-19 to under-23 level, Văn Quyết made his senior debut in 2011. He has represented his nation at five editions of the ASEAN Championship, as well as the 2018 Asian Games. He retired from international football in 2024.

Vietnamese Golden Ball
Vietnamese Golden Ball (Vietnamese: Quả bóng vàng Việt Nam), also referred to as Vietnamese Footballer of the Year, is an annual association football award for the best performances of Vietnamese footballer over the previous year. Presented since 1995 by Sài Gòn Giải Phóng Newspaper. The first winner was striker Le Huynh Duc. Since 2001, It also awards Young Player of the Year, Best Woman Player of the year and Best Foreign Player of the year. The current holder of the men's Golden Ball award, as selected in 2025, is Ninh Binh's striker Nguyễn Hoàng Đức.
2009 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open
The 2009 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 5th edition, for men, and 8th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2009 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $100,000, for men, and $75,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada between August 3 and August 9, 2009.

2009 ITF Women's Circuit
The ITF Women's Circuit is the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis organised by the International Tennis Federation, and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.

The 2009 ITF Women's Circuit was a series of professional tennis tournaments organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) for female players. These events serve as a stepping stone for players on their way to the WTA Tour, offering ranking points and prize money. Players compete in singles and doubles events at various levels of competition across the globe.
3-Hexanone
3-Hexanone (ethyl propyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula C6H12O. It is a ketone used as a solvent and as a chemical intermediate. It is highly flammable. It has roles as a human urinary metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an insect trap, a plant metabolite and a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from a hydride of hexane.

According to IFF, it was described as having sweet, fruity, waxy, grape organoleptic properties.

Ethyl isopropyl ketone
Ethyl isopropyl ketone (2-methyl-pentan-3-one) is an aliphatic ketone with used as a reagent in organic chemistry and as a solvent.

Its fully fluorinated analog is known as Novec 1230 and is used in gaseous fire suppression.
Opostega amphimitra
Opostega amphimitra is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is known from the area of the former Transvaal Province in South Africa.

Adults have been recorded from December to February.

Opostegidae
Opostegidae or "white eyecap moths" is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera that is characterised by particularly large eyecaps over the compound eyes (see also Nepticulidae, Bucculatricidae, Lyonetiidae). Opostegidae are most diverse in the New World tropics (83 described species, representing 42% of the world total).

These small, whitish moths are probably miners in plant stems. Examples of host plants used in Europe are Lycopus, Mentha and Rumex, but their biology is poorly known. The subfamily Oposteginae comprises 87 described species and Opostegoidinae includes 15 described species.