hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tolkien fandom
Tolkien fandom is an international, informal community of fans of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, especially of the Middle-earth legendarium which includes The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion. The concept of Tolkien fandom as a specific type of fan subculture sprang up in the United States in the 1960s, in the context of the hippie movement, to the dismay of the author (Tolkien died in 1973), who talked of  "my deplorable cultus".

A Tolkienist is a fan who studies the work of J. R. R. Tolkien: this usually involves the study of the Elvish languages and "Tolkienology". A Ringer is a fan of The Lord of the Rings in general, and of Peter Jackson's live-action film trilogy in particular. Other terms for Tolkien fans include Tolkienite  or Tolkiendil.

Many fans share their Tolkien fan fiction with other fans. Tolkien societies support fans in many countries around the world.

Tolkien research
The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, along with his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages, especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth, and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race.
Ron & Carol Cope Stadium
Ron & Carol Cope Stadium at Foster Field is a football stadium located in Kearney, Nebraska, U.S., on the University of Nebraska at Kearney campus. In 2005, the university named the stadium after Ron and Carol Cope, who were long-time supporters of the University of Nebraska system. The field is named after Charlie Foster, a former coach and athletic director at Nebraska–Kearney.

University of Nebraska at Kearney
The University of Nebraska at Kearney (UNK) is a public university in Kearney, Nebraska, United States. It is a part of the University of Nebraska system. The university was formed in 1903 by the Nebraska State Legislature as Kearney State Normal School. The school would later join the University of Nebraska system in 1989 and would re-brand to its current name in 1991.
Sangha Department (Burkina Faso)
See also Sangha (disambiguation).

Sangha  is a department or commune of Koulpélogo Province in eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Sangha. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 54,623.

Departments of Burkina Faso
The provinces of Burkina Faso are divided into 351 departments (as of 2014 and since local elections of 2012), whose urbanized areas (cities, towns and villages) are grouped into the same commune (municipality) with the same name as the department. The department also covers rural areas (including national natural parks) that are not governed locally by the elected municipal council of the commune (presided by its mayor, with representants elected for each village or urban sector), but by the state represented at departmental level by a prefect (supervized by the haut-commissaire of its province, themself assisted by a general secretary and acting under the hierarchic authority the governor of its region, all of them being nominated by the national government).
Malmstrom Air Force Base
Malmstrom Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base in Cascade County, Montana, United States, adjacent to the city of Great Falls. It was named in honor of World War II POW Colonel Einar Axel Malmstrom. Malmstrom AFB is the largest of three US Air Force Bases that maintain and operate the Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile. It is the home of the 341st Missile Wing (341 MW) of the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Malmstrom Air Force Base as a census-designated place (CDP). It had a population of 3,472 at the 2010 census.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.

George Ostrogorsky
George Alexandrovich Ostrogorsky (Russian: Георгий Александрович Острогорский, romanized: Georgiy Aleksandrovich Ostrogorskiy; Serbian: Георгије Александрович Острогорски, Georgije Aleksandrovič Ostrogorski; 19 January 1902 – 24 October 1976) was a Russian-born Yugoslav historian and Byzantinist who was widely known for his achievements in Byzantine studies. He was a professor at the University of Belgrade.
Sean Gannon (footballer)
Sean Gannon (born 11 July 1991) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a defender for  Shelbourne in the League of Ireland Premier Division. He previously played for Shamrock Rovers (over 2 spells), St Patrick's Athletic, and Dundalk. He has won a record 11 League of Ireland Premier Division winners medals. Gannon has featured in European competition group stage/league phase for Dundalk, Shamrock Rovers, and Shelbourne. He has made 64 appearances in European competition – a record for a League of Ireland player.

Leinster Senior Cup (association football)
The Leinster Senior Cup is an association football cup competition organized by the Leinster Football Association. It is currently contested by LFA affiliated League of Ireland clubs, Leinster Senior League Senior Division clubs and invited teams from the various LFA affiliated junior leagues. Before the introduction of the FAI Cup, it was considered the major cup competition for clubs in what is now the Republic of Ireland. It is also the oldest association football cup competition in the Republic of Ireland.
Bradford-Felter Tanglewood
Bradford-Felter Tanglewood is a 176-acre (710,000 m2) city park in the neighborhood of Mount Airy in Cincinnati, Ohio, owned and operated by the Cincinnati Park Board. The park area was donated to the city in 1938 by Lloyd F. Felter, at the time consisting of just over 38 acres (150,000 m2) and called Felter Tanglewood. The park board obtained an additional 83 acres (340,000 m2) in 1978, half of which they purchased and the other half donated by Ray Tully Bradford and his wife. In the years since other land donations and purchases were made, resulting in the current land area.

Cincinnati Park Board
The Cincinnati Park Board (officially the Cincinnati Board of Park Commissioners) maintains and operates all city parks in Cincinnati, Ohio. Established in 1911 with the purchase of 168 acres (0.68 km2), today the board services more than 5,000 acres (20 km2) of city park space. The board receives its funding from the city, state and federal grants, as well as private endowments. In 1932 the Cincinnati Zoo was purchased by the city and placed under the management of the board.
Dave's Picks Volume 29
Dave's Picks Volume 29 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. It contains the complete concert recorded on February 26, 1977 at Swing Auditorium in San Bernardino, California, and three bonus tracks from February 27, 1977. It was produced as a limited edition of 20,000 copies, and released on February 1, 2019.

This concert featured the band's first live performances of the songs "Terrapin Station" and "Estimated Prophet".

The album cover depicts a skeleton couple who are walking towards Swing Auditorium.  In the background is the San Bernardino landmark known as the Arrowhead.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
Dora Manchado
Dora Manchado (Camusu Aike, Argentina, c. 1934 – Río Gallegos, January 4, 2019) was an Argentinian woman who was the last first-language speaker of the Tehuelche language of Patagonia. She was also the last first-language speaker of any of the Chonan languages.  She became a professor of the language. Thanks to her efforts, scientists were able to carry out work on the documentation of her language during a period in which native speakers were passing away rapidly.

Camusu Aike
Camusu Aike is an indigenous community settlement in the Güer Aike Department of the Santa Cruz Province in southern Argentina. Its inhabitants are members of the Aonikenk (Tehuelche) people.

Camusu Aike was the first state-recognized Aonikenk community.
Ressad
Ressad or Ress refers to a now lost city and possibly also to a territory that is still unidentified but believed by scholars to have been somewhere within the borders of modern County Limerick in western Ireland, in what was once the territory of the kingdom of the Uí Fidgenti.

The name occurs in only a small number of surviving sources, which for this region of Ireland, of once respectable wealth, are generally quite poor.

Uí Fidgenti
The Uí Fidgenti, Fidgeinti, Fidgheinte, Fidugeinte, Fidgente, or Fidgeinte (/iː ˈfiːjɛnti/ or /ˈfiːjɛntə/; "descendants of, or of the tribe of, Fidgenti") were an early kingdom of northern Munster in Ireland, situated mostly in modern County Limerick, but extending into County Clare and County Tipperary, and possibly even County Kerry and County Cork, at maximum extents, which varied over time. They flourished from about 377 AD (assumption of power of Fidgheinte) to 977 (death of Donovan), although they continued to devolve for another three hundred years. They have been given various origins among both the early or proto-Eóganachta and among the Dáirine by different scholars working in a number of traditions, with no agreement ever reached or appearing reachable.
Interpretation Act 1978
The Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act makes provision for the interpretation of acts of Parliament, Measures of the General Synod of the Church of England, Measures of the Church Assembly, subordinate legislation, "deeds and other instruments and documents", acts of the Scottish Parliament and instruments made thereunder (added 1998), and Measures and acts of the National Assembly for Wales and instruments made thereunder. The act makes provision in relation to: the construction of certain words and phrases, words of enactment, amendment or repeal of Acts in the Session they were passed, judicial notice, commencement, statutory powers and duties, the effect of repeals, and duplicated offences.

The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 applies in the same way to Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland or Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

Statutory interpretation
Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation. Some amount of interpretation is often necessary when a case involves a statute. Sometimes the words of a statute have a plain and a straightforward meaning, but in many cases, there is some ambiguity in the words of the statute that must be resolved by the judge. To find the meanings of statutes, judges use various tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including traditional canons of statutory interpretation, legislative history, and purpose.
In common law jurisdictions, the judiciary may apply rules of statutory interpretation both to legislation enacted by the legislature and to delegated legislation such as administrative agency regulations.
2011 in archosaur paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

The year 2011 in archosaur paleontology was eventful.  Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs,  extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur palaeontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago.  The year 2011 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2011, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2011.

2011 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2011.
Not Here
Not Here is a 2018 poetry collection by Vietnamese American poet Hieu Minh Nguyen, published by Coffee House Press. Its included poems address topics such as queer Vietnamese American identity, body politics, trauma, family, and solitude. Nominated for several awards, the book won the Publishing Triangle's Thom Gunn Award for Gay Poetry in 2019.

Thom Gunn Award
The Thom Gunn Award for Gay Poetry is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honour works of gay male poetry. First presented in 2001 as the Triangle Award for Gay Poetry, the award was renamed in memory of British poet Thom Gunn, the award's first winner, following his death in 2004.
Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum
The Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum was a maritime museum in the Waterfront South neighborhood of Camden, New Jersey, across the Delaware River from Philadelphia. The building now hosts the Henson Heritage & Training Center, which is a non-profit organization that continues the mission of CSMM by equipping young adults with accessible workforce development training in trade and life skills, helping them navigate a path toward meaningful work, while preserving a historic landmark.

The museum opened in September 2016. Its main building is the former Church of our Savior, and its grounds include land once owned by the New York Shipbuilding Co., which is said to have been, at one time, the largest shipbuilder in the world. The museum partners with UrbanPromise on their Urban BoatWorks program, which teaches middle-school and high-school students wooden boat-building.

New York Shipbuilding Corporation
The New York Shipbuilding Corporation (or New York Ship for short) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968, ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy, the United States Merchant Marine, the United States Coast Guard, and other maritime concerns. At its peak during World War II, NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world. Its best-known vessels include the destroyer USS Reuben James (DD-245), the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35), the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), the nuclear-powered cargo ship NS Savannah, and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the 4 Aces.
Meduna
Meduna is a toponymic surname of Celtic origin derived from the hydronym Meduna via the related toponym Meduna (di Livenza). It is first attested as the name of the homonymus river in a charter issued by Charlemagne in the year 794, and appears as a surname in the early 11th century in Italy and since the late 16th century in the Czech lands, form where it spread mainly to Austria, the United States and Brazil.

Motta di Livenza
Motta di Livenza (Venetian: Mota de Łivensa or simply Mota) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Treviso, in the Italian region of Veneto.

Motta di Livenza borders the following municipalities:
Annone Veneto, Cessalto, Chiarano, Gorgo al Monticano, Meduna di Livenza, San Stino di Livenza.
Cell potency
Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types.
The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency.

Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.
Khost-Gardez Pass
33°28′39.9″N 69°22′17.3″E﻿ / ﻿33.477750°N 69.371472°E﻿ / 33.477750; 69.371472

The Khost-Gardez Pass, frequently abbreviated as the K-G Pass, and known locally as the Seti-Kandow Pass, or the Satukandav Pass by Soviet forces, is the main land route connecting Khost, the capital of Khost Province, and Gardez, the capital of Paktia province, in eastern Afghanistan. The pass currently consists of a rutted dirt road, though it is slowly being improved by construction crews as part of the international reconstruction effort in Afghanistan.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
VMM-365
Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 365 (VMM-365) is a United States Marine Corps tiltrotor squadron consisting of MV-22B Osprey transport aircraft. The squadron, known as the "Blue Knights", is based at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 26 (MAG-26) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).

Fleet Marine Force
The United States Fleet Marine Forces (FMF) are combined general and special forces within the United States Department of the Navy that perform offensive amphibious or expeditionary warfare and defensive maritime employment. The Fleet Marine Forces provide the National Command Authority (NCA) with a responsive force that can conduct operations in any spectrum of conflict around the globe.

The organization originated as the Advanced Base Force in 1913, which became the East Coast Expeditionary Force in 1921, and then the Fleet Marine Force in 1933. Since World War II there have been two Fleet Marine Forces, the Pacific and Atlantic.
Stone Old Alleynians F.C.
Stone Old Alleynians Football Club is a community football club based in the town of Stone, Staffordshire, England. The club plays in the Midland League Premier Division. The club is affiliated to the Staffordshire Football Association.

The club holds full, 3-Star Accreditation from The FA and hosts over 70 teams, ranging from U6s to over-70s. It also has a thriving female section, including two open-age women’s teams competing in the Staffordshire Ladies County League.

The Club is traditionally based at Alleyne’s Sports Centre, Oulton Road, Stone, located just 200 yards away from Alleyne’s Academy.

FA Vase
The Football Association Challenge Vase, also known as the Isuzu FA Vase for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football competition run by and named after The Football Association (The FA), for teams playing in Steps 5 and 6 of the English National League System. Nearly 600 teams participate in this knockout competition with semi-finals played over two legs. The final is played at Wembley Stadium.

The 2025 winners were Whitstable Town, who beat AFC Whyteleafe 2–1 at Wembley Stadium.
Oregon's 57th House district
District 57 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes all of Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, and Wheeler counties and portions of Clackamas, Jefferson, Marion, Umatilla and Wasco counties. The district includes Mt. Jefferson and the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. The current representative for the district is Republican Greg Smith of Heppner.

Gilliam County, Oregon
Gilliam County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,995, making it the third-least populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Condon. The county was established in 1885 and is named for Cornelius Gilliam, a colonel who commanded the forces of the provisional government of Oregon after the Whitman Massacre.