hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memphis Zoo
The Memphis Zoo is a zoo in Midtown, Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It is home to more than 3,500 animals representing over 500 different species. Created in April 1906, the zoo has been a major tenant of Overton Park for more than 100 years. The land currently designated to the Memphis Zoo was defined by the Overton Park master plan in 1888, it is owned by the City of Memphis. The zoo is set on 76 acres (31 ha), of which approximately 55 acres (22 ha) are developed.

In 2008, the Memphis Zoo was ranked "#1 Zoo in the U.S." by TripAdvisor. The ranking was based on visitor opinions.

Since the early 1990s, the Memphis Zoo has invested over $77 million for renovation and expansion. The zoo's animal inhabitants reside in three zones with 19 exhibits, such as Teton Trek, Northwest Passage and China.

The Memphis Zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

Grey crowned crane
The grey crowned crane or gray crowned crane (Balearica regulorum) is a large crane species native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It occurs mainly in dry savannah, although it nests in somewhat wetter habitats, and can also be found in marshes, cultivated lands and grassy flatlands near rivers and lakes. Its body plumage is mainly grey and it has white cheeks, a red throat patch, and a stiff golden crown. It is omnivorous, consuming a wide variety of animal and plant matter, including plants, seeds, grain, insects, frogs, worms, snakes, small fish and the eggs of aquatic animals. It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
1977 Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council election
Elections to Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council were held on 3 May 1977, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the second election to the district council following the local government reforms in 1974.

The election used the original 16 wards created by the Formation Electoral Arrangements in 1974. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.

Labour won the popular vote despite their vote share decreasing by 16.3% and, as a result, lost overall control of the district council. The party lost five seats to hold seven – two short of an overall majority. The Conservatives tied as the joint-largest party with Labour on seven seats – an increase of three from previous election in 1974. For the first time, the Scottish National Party (SNP) won seats in Kilmarnock and Loudoun as they took the remaining two seats which put them in position as the kingmaker.

1974 Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council election
Elections to Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council were held on 7 May 1974, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the first election to the district council following the implementation of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.

The election used the 16 wards created by the Formation Electoral Arrangements in 1974. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.

Labour took control of the council after winning a large majority. The party took 12 of the 16 seats and more than 50% of the popular vote. The other four seats were won by the Conservatives.
INS Aravali
INS Aravali serves as the Indian Navy's Naval Information and Communication centre, located in Gurugram city of Haryana state of India, where it enhances India's command and control (C2) and maritime domain awareness (MDA), and provides support to the co-located Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC) and Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean region (IFC-IOR). As a land-based naval establishment, which is referred to as a "stone frigate," INS Aravali is not a naval vessel but a landlocked facility commissioned into the Indian Navy.

Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
The Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) is a series of biennial meetings between the littoral states of the Indian Ocean region. It provides a forum to increase maritime security cooperation, discuss regional maritime issues, and promote friendly relationships among the member states.
Aníbal (wrestler)
Carlos Ignacio Carrillo Contreras (November 5, 1940 – March 4, 1994) was a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler, known under the ring name Aníbal. Carrillo made his debut in November 1963, and adopted the enmascarado character (masked) Aníbal, named after the Carthaginian general Hannibal, in 1965. Carrilo's career peaked in the late 1960s and the 1970s as he worked for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre and the Universal Wrestling Association, winning a number of championships. Carrillo was unmasked after losing a Lucha de Apuesta (bet fight) to Máscara Año 2000 on December 13, 1991. Carrillo retired from wrestling in 1993 and died from a brain tumor in 1994. El Hijo de Aníbal (Spanish for "the Son of Aníbal") is billed as Aníbal's son, but it has never been confirmed if he is indeed the son of Carrillo or if he paid for the rights to use the name, a practice not uncommon in Lucha Libre.

WWC World Junior Heavyweight Championship
The WWC Junior Heavyweight Championship is a championship contested for in the Puerto Rican professional wrestling promotion, the World Wrestling Council. While weight classes are generally not strictly adhered to in professional wrestling today, this particular championship is usually competed for by wrestlers weighing less than 230 lbs.
Morphogram
A morphogram is the representation of a morpheme by a grapheme based solely on its meaning. Kanji is a writing system that makes use of morphograms, where Chinese characters were borrowed to represent native morphemes because of their meanings. Thus, a single character can represent a variety of morphemes which originally all had the same meaning. An example of this in Japanese would be the grapheme 東 [east], which can be read as higashi or azuma, in addition to its logographic representation of the morpheme tō. Additionally, in Japanese, the logographic (Chinese-derived) reading is called the on'yomi reading, and the morphographic reading (native Japanese) is called the kun'yomi reading.

Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek's gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme (by analogy with phoneme and other emic units). The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of a grapheme is abstract; it is similar to the notion of a character in computing. (A specific geometric shape that represents any particular grapheme in a given typeface is called a glyph.) In orthographic and linguistic notation, a particular glyph (character) is represented as a grapheme (is used in its graphemic sense) by enclosing it within angle brackets: e.g. ⟨a⟩.
Rani Sarker
Mosammat Amirun Nesa Khanam, known by her stage name Rani Sarker (1931/1932 – 7 July 2018) was a Bangladeshi film actress. She started her acting career in Bengali cinema in the 1960s.

In 2014, she was awarded Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement for her contribution to Bengali films.

Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement
The Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার আজীবন সম্মাননা) is one of the most prestigious film awards given in Bangladesh. Since 2009, awards have been given in the category.
Ulli Beier Museum
Ulli Beier Museum is an art gallery and art school in Osogbo, Nigeria. It was established by the artists Ulli Beier and Susanne Wenger.
Today it is a contemporary African art gallery, hosting the work of talented and aspiring artists from the Osogbo area and across Nigeria.

Osogbo
Osogbo // ⓘ (also known as Oṣogbo, and seldomly as Oshogbo) is a city in Nigeria. It became the capital city of Osun State in 1991. Osogbo city seats the Headquarters of both Osogbo Local Government Area (situated at Oke-Baale Area of the city) and Olorunda Local Government Area (situated at Igbonna Area of the city). It is some 88 kilometers by road northeast of Ibadan. It is also 108 kilometres (67 mi) by road south of Ilorin (capital and largest city of Kwara State) and 108 kilometres (67 mi) northwest of Akure. Osogbo shares boundaries with Ikirun, Ilesa, Ede, Egbedore, Ogbomosho and Iragbiji and it is easily accessible from any part of the state because of its central nature. It is about 48 km from Ife, 32 km from Ilesa, 46 km from Iwo, 48 km from Ikire and 46 km from Ila-Orangun; the city had a population of about 200,000  people and an approximate land area of 126 km. The postal code of the area is 230. The current chairman of the council is Onibonokuta Saheed M.
Rivière à la Cruche
The rivière à la Cruche (river of the jug) is a tributary of the Malbaie River, flowing into the Lac-Pikauba unorganized territory, into the Regional County Municipality (MRC) of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, in the Capitale-Nationale administrative region, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. Most of the "rivière à la Cruche" flows to the eastern end of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve except for the lower part of its course.

The hydrographic slope of "rivière à la Cruche" is served primarily by route 381 (north–south direction) which goes up this valley. It is also served by various secondary forest roads for forestry and recreational tourism purposes.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second.

The "rivière à la Cruche" area is usually frozen from early December to late March, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-December to mid-March.

Grands-Jardins National Park
Grands-Jardins National Park (French: Parc national des Grands-Jardins, pronounced [paʁk nɑsjɔnal de ɡʁɑ̃ ʒaʁdɛ̃]) is a provincial park, located in the Unorganized Territory of Lac-Pikauba, in the Charlevoix Regional County Municipality, an administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, Canada.

The Grands-Jardins National Park is a protected area for the conservation of the natural heritage of the Charlevoix region in which certain human activities are permitted. It is one of the central areas of the Charlevoix World Biosphere Reserve, status granted by the UNESCO in 1988, just seven years after the park was created. The park is managed by the Quebec government thanks to the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (SÉPAQ).

This Charlevoix park covers an area of 318.9 kilometres (198.16 mi) accessible from the south by Route 381 via Saint-Urbain in the region of Capitale-Nationale. The closest town to the park is Baie-Saint-Paul.
New American High Schools
The New American High Schools initiative, started in 1996 under the direction of the United States Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley, is a national recognition program for United States secondary schools.

United States Secretary of Education
The United States secretary of education is the head of the United States Department of Education. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, and the federal government, on policies, programs, and activities related to all education in the United States. As a member of the Cabinet of the United States, the secretary is sixteenth in the line of succession to the presidency. Prior to its creation as an Executive Department, there was a non-Cabinet level position called the United States commissioner of education who led the United States Office of Education.

The current secretary of education is Linda McMahon, serving in this role under President Donald Trump.
Mohammed Asha
Mohammed Jamil Abdelqader Ashar (Arabic: محمد جميل عبد القادر عشا) is a Saudi-born Jordanian doctor resident in the United Kingdom, who was a suspect arrested after the 2007 Glasgow Airport attack. He was falsely charged with conspiracy to murder and conspiracy to cause explosions, but on 16 December 2008 was found not guilty and acquitted on all charges.

Kafeel Ahmed
Kafeel Ahmed (1 January 1979 – 2 August 2007) was an Islamic terrorist who was one of the two terrorists behind the 2007 UK terrorist incidents. He died after lighting himself on fire during the vehicle-ramming attack at Glasgow Airport.
Sanjak of Travnik
Sanjak of Travnik (Serbo-Croatian: Travnički sandžak) was a sanjak of the Eyalet of Bosnia during the Ottoman rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was divided into kazas: Travnik, Jajce, Glamoč, Duvno, Livno and Prusac, with the latter changing its capital to Donji Vakuf.

According to the 1870 census, it had a population of 260,199, of which the majority were Muslims, 122,251 or 47,0%, followed by Eastern Orthodox Christians, 70,547 or 27.1%, and Catholics, 65,110 or 25,0%.

Bosnia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Bosnia (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بوسنه, romanized: Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; Turkish: Bosna Eyaleti; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in 1853 was 52,530 square kilometres (20,281 sq mi).
Georgian Bay Islands National Park
Georgian Bay Islands National Park  (established 1929) consists of 63 small islands or parts of islands in Georgian Bay, near Port Severn, Ontario. The total park area is approximately 13.5 km2 (5.2 sq mi). Prior to the creation of Fathom Five National Marine Park, Flowerpot Island was also a part of the park.

The islands blend the exposed rocks and pines of the Canadian Shield with the hardwood forests found further south. The park can only be reached by boat and all of the islands are open to the public. Limited camping and docking facilities, trails and cabins are only available on the largest island, Beausoleil Island.

It is part of the Georgian Bay Littoral Biosphere Reserve.

Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.

The shores and waterways of Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Iroquoian trade route.
Communist Party of the Basque Homelands
The Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (Basque: Euskal Herrialdeetako Alderdi Komunista, EHAK; Spanish: Partido Comunista de las Tierras Vascas, PCTV) was a communist Basque separatist party in the Basque Country, Spain. The party was outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court in 2008 after it was judicially proven to be part of Batasuna and, therefore, ETA.

Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism (Basque: eusko abertzaletasuna [eus̺ko abeɾts̻aletas̺una]; Spanish: nacionalismo vasco; French: nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today split between Spain and France. Since its inception in the late 19th century, Basque nationalism has included movements supportive of Basque independence.

Basque nationalism, spanning three different regions in two states (the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and the French Basque Country in France), is "irredentist in nature" as it favours political unification of all the Basque-speaking provinces.
Clitarchus hookeri
Clitarchus hookeri, commonly known as the smooth stick insect or the common stick insect, is a stick insect of the family Phasmatidae, endemic to New Zealand. It is possibly New Zealand's most common stick insect. Clitarchus hookeri is often green in appearance, but can also be brown or red. Alongside the prickly stick insect and the Unarmed stick insect, C. hookeri is one of three stick insect species to have become naturalised in Great Britain, with all three having originated in New Zealand.

Phasmatidae
The Phasmatidae are a family of the stick insects (order Phasmatodea). They belong to the superfamily Anareolatae of suborder Verophasmatodea.

Like many of their relatives, the Phasmatidae are capable of regenerating limbs and commonly reproduce by parthenogenesis. Despite their bizarre, even threatening appearance, they are harmless to humans.

The Phasmatidae contain some of the largest insects in existence. An undescribed species of Phryganistria is the longest living insect known, able to reach a total length of 64 cm (25.2 inch).
2015 North Queensland Cowboys season
The 2015 North Queensland Cowboys season was the 21st in the club's history. Coached by Paul Green and co-captained by Johnathan Thurston and Matthew Scott, they competed in the NRL's 2015 Telstra Premiership. The Cowboys celebrated 20 years as a club in 2015 and played in the first all-Queensland grand final, defeating the Brisbane Broncos 17–16 in golden point to win their first premiership.

Paul Green (rugby league)
Paul Gregory Green (12 September 1972 – 11 August 2022) was an Australian professional rugby league football coach, best known for taking the North Queensland Cowboys to the NRL premiership in 2015, and a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s.

He played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, North Queensland Cowboys, Sydney Roosters, Parramatta Eels and the Brisbane Broncos, winning the Rothmans Medal in 1995. He was a Queensland State of Origin and Australian international representative halfback. As a coach, Green guided the North Queensland club to their first premiership in 2015 and to another grand final two years later.
Double Feature (ballet)
Double Feature (A Ballet in Two Acts) was choreographed by Susan Stroman for the New York City Ballet to music by Irving Berlin and Walter Donaldson. The libretto is by Ms. Stroman and Glen Kelly, with orchestrations by Doug Besterman and arrangement by Mr. Kelly; the libretto for "Makin' Whoopee!" is based on the play Seven Chances, variously attributed to Roi Cooper Megris and David Belasco. The premiere took place on 23 January 2004 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center, with scenery by Robin Wagner, costumes by William Ivey Long, and lighting by Mark Stanley.

Robin Wagner (designer)
Robin Samuel Anton Wagner (August 31, 1933 – May 29, 2023) was an American scenic designer. He won Tony Awards for his work on the Broadway productions of City of Angels, On the Twentieth Century, and The Producers.
Nigeria men's national under-17 basketball team
The Nigeria men's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Nigeria, administered by the Nigeria Basketball Federation. It represents the country in men's international under-16 basketball competitions.

Nigeria Basketball Federation
The Nigerian Basketball Federation (NBBF) is the governing body for men's and women's basketball in Nigeria.  NBBF has been an affiliate of FIBA Africa since 1963, and its offices are located in Abuja and Lagos.
Vachi
Vachi (Russian: Вачи; Lak: Ваччи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Kulinsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population:  817 (2010 Census); 667 (2002 Census); 786 (1989 Soviet census). The population is predominantly Lak.

Lak language
Lak (лакку маз, [lakːu maz]) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within the family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six official languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.
The Arminian
The Arminian is a Methodist magazine published by the Fundamental Wesleyan Society (formerly known as the Wesleyan Ministers Association), which identifies with the conservative holiness movement. Named after John Wesley's original Arminian Magazine, the present-day Arminian magazine emphasizes Wesleyan, Arminian, and Holiness theology, with implications for what is happening in the world today.  It began publication in 1980. Copies of its issues are online.

The original Arminian Magazine was founded by John Wesley in 1778 and was published under that title until 1798. Its title was changed in 1798 and again in 1822. It ceased publication in 1969; the present-day magazine began publication in 1980. The Arminian does not have editorial continuity with Wesleyan Methodist Magazine and is published in the United States.

Wesleyan Methodist Magazine
The Wesleyan Methodist Magazine was a monthly Methodist magazine published between 1778 and 1969. Founded by John Wesley as the Arminian Magazine, it was retitled the Methodist Magazine in 1798 and as the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine in 1822. The co-writer with Wesley (from 1775 to 1789) was Thomas Olivers.

As to why the magazine was originally entitled the "Arminian Magazine", W. Stephen Gunter says that in 1778 John Wesley

"... chose The Arminian Magazine as title for his Methodist magazine; and his intention in doing so was to distinguish his arm of the English revival movement from that of the 'Calvinian Methodists.'  Wesley had not previously claimed this Arminian identity in a public way, ..."
1988 Norwich Union Grand Prix
The 1988 Norwich Union Grand Prix was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place between 17 September and 18 December 1988.

The tournament consisted of four legs featuring four players in each; these legs were played in Brussels, Paris, Madrid and Milan. The winner of these legs went to the semi-finals of the final tournament held at the Beach Plaza Hotel in Monte Carlo, Monaco. Steve Davis won the final tournament beating Jimmy White 5–4 in the final.

Norwich Union Grand Prix
The Norwich Union Grand Prix was a non-ranking snooker tournament staged between 1988 and 1990. Matches were held at various venues across Europe with the final stage being played in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The tournaments were sponsored by Norwich Union, who had last sponsored a snooker tournament, the Norwich Union Open, fourteen years previously.
Ammonium malate
Ammonium malate refers to organic compounds containing malate and ammonium.  Two stoichiometries are discussed: NH4H(C2H3OH(CO2)2) with one ammonium ion per formula unit, and (NH4)2(C2H3OH(CO2)2).  Malate, the conjugate base of malic acid, is chiral.  Consequently a variety of salts are possible, R vs S vs racemic.  The monoammonium salt has been crystallized as the monohydrate.

As a food additive, diammonium malate has been used as flavoring agent and as an acidity regulator. It has the E number E349.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.