hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Common Schools Act of 1871
The Common Schools Act of 1871 was a statute of the Canadian Province of New Brunswick, passed by the 22nd New Brunswick Legislature. The statute replaced the Parish Schools Act of 1858. It abolished church-run schooling in New Brunswick and replaced them with a system of government-run "common schools." The case of Maher v. Town Council of Portland was initiated as a result, and in the end, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council upheld the Act. The Act was stridently opposed by the Roman Catholic Church and its adherents, and a series of clashes between New Brunswick Catholics and the provincial government culminated in the shooting of two people following riots at Caraquet in 1875, after which the Act was substantially amended to implement a joint religious/secular schooling system.

Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is a clerical-political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on (and expresses loyalty to) the prerogatives and powers of the Pope in matters related to civil state governance. It contrasts with Gallicanism, the belief that popular civil authority – often represented by the monarch's or state's authority – over the Church is comparable to that of the Pope.
Shek Kip Mei SA
Shek Kip Mei Sports Association (Chinese: 石硤尾體育會) was a Hong Kong football club which played in the Hong Kong First Division League. It is better known as Workable FC (Chinese: 華家堡足球會) and Tuen Mun Progoal FC (Chinese: 屯門普高足球會), which are under the football division of the Hong Kong Football Association from 2007 to 2009.

Hong Kong Third A Division League
Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League was a division of the third overall tier of the Hong Kong football league system organised by the Hong Kong Football Association in Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League. It was folded in 2012 as Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League and Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League are merged into one.

Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League is introduced in 1951. The first two teams of the league, with the first two teams of Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League, qualifies to the Hong Kong Third Division League final round. The champion and the second of the final round are promoted to the Hong Kong Second Division League. For other two teams, they are still in their third division league.

Teams from this division, as well as from Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League, enter the Hong Kong Junior Challenge Shield.
Shipley, West Sussex
Shipley is a village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the A272 road 6 miles (10 kilometres) north-east of Storrington. The parish includes the village of Coolham and the hamlets of Dragon's Green, Brooks Green and Broomer's Corner.

Storrington
Storrington is a town and former civil parish, now in the parish of Storrington and Sullington, in the Horsham district of West Sussex, England. Storrington lies at the foot of the north side of the South Downs. As of 2021 it had a population of around 6,000. It has one main shopping street (High Street). The A283 road runs directly through the town and connects Storrington to Steyning in the east and Pulborough in the west. It is three miles (five kilometres) west of Washington.
2016–17 Super Smash
The 2016–17 McDonald's Super Smash (named after the competition's sponsor McDonald's) was the twelfth season of the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 cricket tournament in New Zealand. The competition was run from 4 December 2016 to 7 January 2017. The previous edition was known as the Georgie Pie Super Smash. The Auckland Aces were the defending champions.

The match between Otago Volts and Central Stags on 21 December 2016 set a new record for the highest aggregate total in a T20 fixture, with a total of 497 runs scored.

The Wellington Firebirds beat Canterbury Kings by three wickets in the elimination final, and faced Central Stags in the final on 7 January 2017. The Wellington Firebirds won the final by 14 runs.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
International Confederation of Musicians
The International Confederation of Musicians (ICM) was a global union federation bringing together trade unions representing musicians.

The confederation was established on 11 May 1904, at a conference in Paris.  After World War I, it affiliated to the International Federation of Trade Unions.  By 1922, its affiliates had a total of 52,550 members, but it appears to have dissolved soon afterwards.  After World War II, a new International Federation of Musicians was established.

Global union federation
A global union federation (GUF) is an international federation of national trade unions organizing in specific industry sectors or occupational groups.  Historically, such federations in the social democratic tradition described as international trade secretariats (ITS), while those in the Christian democratic tradition described themselves as international trade federations.  Equivalent sectoral bodies linked to the World Federation of Trade Unions described themselves as trade union internationals.

Many unions are members of one or more global union federations, relevant to the sectors where they have their members. Individual unions may also be affiliated to a national trade union centre, which in turn can be affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) or the WFTU.
Sanyang Motor
Sanyang Motor Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 三陽工業股份有限公司; pinyin: Sānyáng Gōngyè Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) (stylized as SYM) is a Taiwanese motorcycle manufacturer headquartered in Hukou, Taiwan. Founded in Taipei, Taiwan in 1954 by Huang Chi-Chun and Chang Kuo An, SYM currently has three major production facilities in Taiwan, mainland China, and Vietnam. SYM manufactures and sells scooters, motorcycles and ATVs under the Sanyang Motor [SYM] brand, while it also manufactures automobiles and mini-trucks under the Hyundai brand.

Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra and Mahindra is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the Mahindra Tractors subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors. Anish Shah is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.
OR6C75
Olfactory receptor, family 6, subfamily C, member 75 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the OR6C75 gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter receptors and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are chemoreceptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (for example, compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.  Activated olfactory receptors trigger nerve impulses which transmit information about odor to the brain.  In vertebrates, these receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The olfactory receptors form the largest multigene family in vertebrates consisting of around 400 genes in humans and 1400 genes in mice. In insects, olfactory receptors are members of an unrelated group of ligand-gated ion channels.
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been varied, and have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews. As of 15 October 2025, 778,652,552 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, resulting in 7,101,788 reported deaths. The most affected countries in terms of confirmed cases are the United States, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Mexico, Chile, the United Kingdom, and Iran.

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA; Korean: 질병관리청), formerly Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC, 질병관리본부), is an organization under the South Korean Ministry of Welfare and Health that is responsible for the advancement of public health by managing prevention, survey, quarantine, trial, and research on infectious diseases, chronic and rare illnesses and injuries. It was founded in December 2003 and is located in Osong Health Technology Administration Complex in Cheongju. The organization is led by the vice-ministerial-level Commissioner of KDCA.
Chess World Cup 2013
The Chess World Cup 2013 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, played between 11 August and 2 September 2013, in the hotel Scandic Tromsø in Tromsø, Norway. It was won by Vladimir Kramnik, who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2½–1½ in the final match. The finalists qualified for the 2014 Candidates Tournament.

The winner of the Chess World Cup 2011, Peter Svidler, was defeated by Dmitry Andreikin in the quarter-finals.

Chess World Cup 2011
The Chess World Cup 2011 was a chess World Cup tournament. It was a 128-player single-elimination tournament, played between 26 August and 21 September 2011, in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. The Cup winner Peter Svidler, along with second placed Alexander Grischuk and third placed Vassily Ivanchuk, qualified for the Candidates stage of the World Chess Championship 2013.
Fibre supplements
Fibre supplements (also spelled fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM).  According to the IOM, functional fibre "consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans".

Fibre supplements are widely available, and can be found in forms such as powders, tablets, and capsules. Consumption of fibre supplements may be for improving dietary intake, lowering blood cholesterol, alleviating irritable bowel syndrome, reducing the risk of colon cancer, and increasing feelings of satiety.

Excessive fibre intake can lead to fluid imbalance, dehydration, mineral deficiencies, nutrient and drug interactions, and other medical problems.

Pectin
Pectin (Ancient Greek: πηκτικός pēktikós: 'congealed' and 'curdled') is a heteropolysaccharide, a structural polymer contained in the cell walls and middle lamellae of terrestrial plants. The principal chemical component of pectin is galacturonic acid (a sugar acid derived from galactose) which was isolated and described by Henri Braconnot in 1825. Commercially produced pectin is a white-to-light-brown powder, produced from citrus fruits for use as an edible gelling agent, especially in jams and jellies, dessert fillings, medications, and sweets; as a food stabiliser in fruit juices and milk drinks; and as a source of dietary fiber.
Massimo Crippa
Massimo Crippa (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmassimo ˈkrippa]; born 17 May 1965) is an Italian former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder; he is the current sporting director of Renate. Crippa played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, winning several titles during his spells with Napoli and Parma. At international level, he represented the Italy national football team at the 1988 and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

1989–90 Serie A
The 1989–90 Serie A season was another successful year for Napoli, with Diego Maradona being among the leading goalscorers in Serie A (16 goals), behind Marco van Basten of Milan (19 goals) and Roberto Baggio of Fiorentina (17 goals). But while Baggio's Fiorentina narrowly avoided relegation, Maradona's Napoli won their second Serie A title in four seasons, while Van Basten helped Milan retain the European Cup as compensation for their failure to win the Serie A title, having finished two points behind Napoli. Demoted to Serie B for 1990–91 were Udinese, Hellas Verona, Cremonese and Ascoli. In Europe, Sampdoria won the Cup Winners Cup and Juventus the UEFA Cup, making this year the most successful in Italian football history.
2024 Los Cabos Open – Doubles
Max Purcell and Jordan Thompson defeated Gonzalo Escobar and Aleksandr Nedovyesov in the final, 7–5, 7–6(7–2) to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Los Cabos Open.

Santiago González and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the reigning champions, but Roger-Vasselin chose to compete in Doha instead. González partnered Neal Skupski, but lost in the quarterfinals to Escobar and Nedovyesov.

2024 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Doubles
Jamie Murray and Michael Venus defeated Lorenzo Musetti and Lorenzo Sonego in the final, 7–6(7–0), 2–6, [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 ATP Qatar Open.

Rohan Bopanna and Matthew Ebden were the reigning champions, but chose not to participate this year. Since Ebden's next-best result for ranking purposes was better than Bopanna's, Ebden attained the ATP No. 1 doubles ranking when their 2023 points were replaced at the end of the tournament.
Euboea (regional unit)
Euboea (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Εύβοιας) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. It consists of the islands of Euboea and Skyros, as well as a 260 km2 area on the Greek mainland. Its land area is 4,167.449 km2, whereas the total land area of the municipalities actually on the island Euboea is 3,684.848 km2, which includes that of numerous small offshore islets (Petalies Islands) near Euboea's southern tip.

Chalcis
Chalcis (/ˈkælsɪs/; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Χαλκίς, romanized: Chalkís), also called Chalkida or Halkida (Modern Greek: Χαλκίδα, pronounced [xalˈciða]), is the chief city of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point. The name is preserved from antiquity and is derived from the Greek χαλκός (copper, bronze), though there is no trace of any mines in the area. In the Late Middle Ages, it was known as Negropont(e), an Italian name that has also been applied to the entire island of Euboea.
Willka Raymi
Willka Raymi (Quechua willka grandchild / great-grandson / lineage / minor god in the Inca culture, an image of the Willkanuta valley worshipped as God / holy, sacred, divine, willka or wilka Anadenanthera colubrina (a tree), raymi feast) is a feast celebrated in the Cusco Region in Peru. It is the representation of the traditional offering ceremony to Pachamama. The celebrations are held annually on August (24th) in the archaeological complex of Pisac.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
1986 Valleydale 500
The 1986 Valleydale 500 was the fifth stock car race of the 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 26th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, April 6, 1986, before an audience of 34,200 in Bristol, Tennessee, at Bristol International Raceway, a 0.533 miles (0.858 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack.

By race's end, Blue Max Racing's Rusty Wallace managed to dominate the late stages of the race, leading the final 101 laps to take his first career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his first victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Bud Moore Engineering's Ricky Rudd and Junior Johnson & Associates' Darrell Waltrip finished second and third, respectively.

1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 38th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 15th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 16 and ended November 16. Dale Earnhardt of RCR Enterprises won his second championship this year.
Otlak resmi
Otlak resmi was a tax on pasture land in the Ottoman Caliphate. It was paid annually by herdsmen during the cold season (zemheri), to the timar holder or directly to the treasury, in return for the right to let their livestock graze on open pasture.

It could prove quite difficult to enforce otlak resmi (and other taxes) on nomadic farmers in border areas, who might try to play one state's tax-collector off against the other.

Otlak resmi was a divani tax.

Timar
A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service. A holder of a timar was known as a timariot. If the revenues produced from the timar were from 20,000 to 100,000 akçes, the land grant was called a zeamet, and if they were above 100,000 akçes, the grant would be called a  hass.
Wolsung
Wolsung is a Polish tabletop role-playing game franchise set in a steampunk-inspired fantasy world. Developed by Artur Ganszyniec and Maciej Sabat, and released by Kuźnia Gier, the game combines elements of Victorian-era aesthetics with magic, advanced steam technology, and pulp-fiction-style adventure.

Wolsung's primary medium is a role-playing game, but the setting has also been adapted to other media, including board games and two fiction anthologies. The first Wolsung medium, Wolsung: The Boardgame, was released in 2008, followed in 2009 by the Wolsung: Magia Wieku Pary roleplaying game; the latter was released in English in 2012 as the Wolsung Steam Pulp Fantasy.

Eurogame
A Eurogame, also called a German-style board game, German game, or Euro-style game (generally only referred to as board games in Europe), is a class of tabletop games which generally feature indirect player interaction, lack of player elimination, and provide multiple ways to score points. Eurogames are sometimes contrasted with American-style board games which generally involve more luck, conflict, and drama. They are usually less abstract than chess or Go, but more focused on economic competition than wargames. Likewise, they generally require more thought and planning than party games like Pictionary and Trivial Pursuit.
Fleet Spurs F.C.
Fleet Spurs Football Club are a football club based in Fleet, England. They play in the Thames Valley Premier League Division One. The club is affiliated to the Hampshire Football Association and is an FA Charter Standard Development club.

Wessex Football League
The Wessex Football League, known as the Velocity Wessex Football League for sponsorship reasons, is an English regional men's football league in southern England. Its members are primarily from Hampshire and Dorset, but clubs from adjoining counties such as Wiltshire, Berkshire, Surrey, and the Isle of Wight are also eligible. The Premier Division is one of the sixteen recognised leagues to form the ninth level of the English football league system (known as Step 5 of the National League System), and Division One is one of seventeen recognised leagues at level 10 (Step 6).

Champions of the Wessex League who meet the relevant ground and financial requirements are eligible for promotion to the Southern League Division One South or Isthmian League Division One South Central.
Battle honours of the British and Imperial Armies
The following battle honours were awarded to units of the British Army and the armies of British India and the Dominions of the British Empire. From their institution until the end of the Second World War, awards were made by, or in consultation with, the British government, but, since 1945, the individual countries of the former British Empire have awarded battle honours to their forces independently.

Spring 1945 offensive in Italy
The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of all Axis forces in Italy.
Siphocranion
Siphocranion is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1929. It is native to China, the Himalayas, and northern Indochina.

Species

Siphocranion macranthum (Hook.f.) C.Y.Wu - Assam, south central and southeast China, east Himalaya, Myanmar, Tibet, Vietnam.

Siphocranion nudipes (Hemsl.) Kudô - Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Siphocranion macranthum
Siphocranion macranthum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is commonly known as big-flower siphocranion and tong guan hua in China. It is a perennial herb that is native to Assam, Myanmar, Tibet, Vietnam, South China and East Himalayas. S. macranthum grows in subtropical evergreen and mixed forests.
Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel
Baltimore Marriott Waterfront Hotel is a high-rise hotel building, located in the Harbor East area of Baltimore, Maryland.  The hotel is situated at 700 Aliceanna St.  Primarily a convention hotel, the property has 32 floors with over 750 rooms, standing at 360 feet (110 m). The hotel has been the tallest hotel structure in Baltimore since it opened in 2001 as one of the first structures in Harbor East. The construction of the building was completed in 2001 by the developers of Beatty Harvey Fillat Architects. Beginning on November 16, 2007, management of the hotel began renovations of the building's rooms, which ended on May 25, 2008.

Inner Harbor East, Baltimore
Inner Harbor East, sometimes referred to simply as Harbor East, is a mixed-use development project in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Major tenants of Harbor East include Marriott International and Legg Mason. A Four Seasons Hotel opened in November 2011.
Somerleyton railway station
Somerleyton railway station is on the Wherry Lines in the east of England, serving the village of Somerleyton, Suffolk. It is 18 miles (29 km) down the line from Norwich on the route to Lowestoft, and is less than 2 miles (3.2 km) from Somerleyton Hall on foot. Its three-letter station code is SYT.

The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all of the trains that call.

In The Rings of Saturn, the author W. G. Sebald describes travelling by train from Norwich and crossing the line to walk to Somerleyton Hall.

Somerleyton Hall
Somerleyton Hall is a country house and 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) estate near Somerleyton in Suffolk, England. The hall is Grade II* listed on the National Heritage List for England, and its landscaped park and formal gardens are Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The property is owned and occupied by Hugh Crossley, 4th Baron Somerleyton, and the formal gardens cover 12 acres (4.9 ha). Inspired by Knepp Wildland, Lord Somerleyton is rewilding 1,000 acres (400 ha) of the estate, to which he has introduced free-roaming cattle, large black pigs and Exmoor ponies.