hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Porte-class gate vessel
The Porte-class gate vessels were a class of five boom defence vessels built in the early 1950s and operated by the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and Canadian Forces (CF) during the Cold War. The class derived its name from the gates of the French fortifications of Québec and Louisbourg and was designed by the RCN as a replacement for World War I-era Battle-class trawlers used to operate anti-submarine booms during World War II. The Porte class were used primarily as training vessels during the Cold War.

Net laying ship
A net laying ship, also known as a net layer, net tender, gate ship or boom defence vessel was a type of naval auxiliary ship.

A net layer's primary function was to lay and maintain steel anti-submarine nets or anti torpedo nets. Nets could be laid around an individual ship at anchor, or harbor entrances or dry docks, or other anchorages. Net laying was potentially dangerous work, and net laying seamen were experts at dealing with blocks, tackles, knots and splicing. As World War II progressed, net layers were pressed into a variety of additional roles including salvage, troop and cargo transport, buoy maintenance, and service as tugboats. Many of the ships were decommissioned after the war, but some continued in service for several more decades.

Net layers were eventually made redundant by advances in underwater detection technology.
The People of the Family
The People of the Family (Italian: Il Popolo della Famiglia, PdF), is a social conservative political party in Italy. Its leader and President is Mario Adinolfi, writer and director of La Croce newspaper and former member of the Democratic Party.

In a July 13, 2023 report, the anti-extremist organization Global Project Against Hate and Extremism designated The People of Family as an anti-LGBTQ+ and religious nationalist organization.

2019 European Parliament election in Italy
The 2019 European Parliament election in Italy were held on 26 May 2019, electing members of the 9th Italian delegation to the European Parliament as part of the European elections held across the European Union.
Emilia di Liverpool
Emilia di Liverpool (Emilia of Liverpool; also given as L'eremitaggio di Liverpool) is a dramma semiserio, ("half-serious") dramatic opera, in two acts with music by Gaetano Donizetti.  Giuseppe Checcherini wrote the Italian libretto after the anonymous libretto for Vittorio Trento's Emilia di Laverpaut, itself based on Stefano Scatizzi's play of the same name.  It premiered on 28 July 1824 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples.

Stanley Sadie
Stanley John Sadie CBE (/ˈseɪdi/; 30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was a British musicologist, music critic, and editor. He was editor of the sixth edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980), which was published as the first edition of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Along with Thurston Dart, Nigel Fortune and Oliver Neighbour he was one of Britain's leading musicologists of the post-World War II generation.
Massagetae
The Massagetae or Massageteans, also known as Sakā Tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian Saka people who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia and were part of the wider Scythian cultures. The Massagetae rose to power between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, expelling the Scythians out of Central Asia and into the Caucasian and Pontic Steppes, an event which was to have wide-reaching consequences. The Massagetae are most famous for their queen Tomyris and her alleged defeat and killing of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

The Massagetae declined after the 3rd century BCE, after which they merged with some other tribes to form the Alans, a people who belonged to the larger Sarmatian tribal confederation, and who moved westwards into the Caucasian and European steppes, where they participated in the events of the Migration Period.

Amu Darya
The Amu Darya, historically known as the Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia which flows through Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Kush, the Amu Darya is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. However, today the Amu Darya does not reach the Aral Sea, and its mouth is in a dried-up area, of what was once the Aral Sea. In its upper course, the river forms part of Afghanistan's northern border with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. In ancient history, the river was regarded as the boundary of Greater Iran with Turan, which roughly corresponded to present-day Central Asia. The Amu Darya has a flow of about 70 cubic kilometres per year on average.
Region of Durham Paramedic Services
Region of Durham Paramedic Service provides emergency medical services to Durham Region in Ontario, Canada.

The service has 315 paramedics in eleven EMS stations throughout the region. The service began in 2000 and replaced six different contractors to the Ontario Ministry of Health.

Regional Municipality of Durham
The Regional Municipality of Durham (/ˈdʊərəm/), informally referred to as Durham Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. Located east of Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York, it forms the east end of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and is part of the Golden Horseshoe region. It has an area of approximately 2,500 km2 (970 sq mi). The regional government is headquartered in Whitby.

The southern portion of Durham Region, on Lake Ontario, is primarily suburban in nature, forming the eastern end of the "905 belt" of suburbs around Toronto, while the northern portion comprises rural areas and small towns. The city of Pickering, town of Ajax, and the township of Uxbridge are part of the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area, while the communities of Oshawa, Whitby, and Clarington comprise the Oshawa Census Metropolitan Area.
Chaupijanca
Chaupijanca or Chaupi Janca (possibly from Quechua chawpi central, middle, hanka snowcapped ridge or peak; ice, "central ridge (or peak)") is a 5,283-metre-high (17,333 ft) mountain in the Huallanca (or Chaupijanca) mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, in the districts of Huallanca and Huasta.

Huallanca mountain range
The Huallanca mountain range (possibly from Quechua, wallanka mountain range; a cactus plant (Opuntia subulata); also called Chaupi Janca or Shicra Shicra (possibly from Quechua sikra woven basket) lies in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province. The Huallanca mountain range is a small range southeast of the Cordillera Blanca and north of the Huayhuash mountain range extending between 9°52' and 10°03'S and 76°58' and 77°04'W for about 19 km in a northeasterly direction.

East of the town of Aquia there is a small range called Huaman Hueque (possibly from Quechua waman falcon or variable hawk, wiqi tear). It is sometimes considered a sub-range of the Huallanca range. The Huaman Hueque range is dominated by Kikash.
Forró
The term forró (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [fɔˈʁɔ]) refers to a musical genre, a rhythm, a dance and the event itself where forró music is played and danced. Forró is an important part of the culture of the Northeastern Region of Brazil. It encompasses various dance types as well as a number of different musical genres. Their music genres and dances have gained widespread popularity in all regions of Brazil, especially during the Brazilian June Festivals. Forró has also become increasingly popular all over the world, with a well-established forró scene in Europe.

Samba de Gafieira
Samba de Gafieira (also called Gafieira) is a partner dance to various Brazilian samba musical rhythms. Unlike street and club forms of Brazilian samba, it evolved as a ballroom dance (dança de salão, literally, "salon dance").

Samba de Gafieira differs from the ballroom Samba, danced in International Latin and American Rhythm ballroom dance styles.

Gafieira is usually a pair dance, although in artistic performances it is not uncommon to add solo variations, including steps of Samba no Pé.
Varali
Varali or Varaali (pronounced varāḷi) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is classified either as the 39th mela kartha raga or as a janya rāgam (derived scale) of the 39th melakarta scale Jhalavarali. Even though it is a mela kartha, the scale is most often rendered with a vakra scale (zig-zag notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a vivadi rāgam. It is the 4th in the list of 5 Ghana rāgams (Natta, Gaula, Arabhi and Shree being the others). In olden times, this rāgam was called Varati, and is said to be more than 1300 years old. It is with this name that it is referred in old musical texts like Sangita Makarandha and Sangita Ratnakara.

Janya
Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas (fundamental melodic structures). Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.
Royal Regalia Museum
The Royal Regalia Museum (Malay: Muzium Alat Kebesaran Diraja) is a museum located in the heart of Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. Originally built as a monument in 1965, the museum had a makeover and expansion in 1992 that combined constructivist and Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) architectural elements. Originally constructed as a monument, Royal Regalia Building (Muzium Alat Kebesaran Diraja) later underwent a transition into a museum. The building, which still has some of its original features intact, currently houses historical antiques and royal regalia from Brunei, signifying the country's rich cultural legacy and royal customs.

Constructivist architecture
Constructivist architecture was a constructivist style of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. Abstract and austere, the movement aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space, while rejecting decorative stylization in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials. Designs combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced many pioneering projects and finished buildings, before falling out of favor around 1932. It has left marked effects on later developments in architecture.
Draper–Adkins House
Draper–Adkins House, also known as the Jenny Adkins House, is a historic home located at Milton, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built about 1840, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, single pile, wood frame dwelling clad in weatherboard.  The interior has Greek Revival style details.  It sits on a brick foundation has a lower rear wing, and has a two-story front portico with scroll-cut wooden decoration.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.  It is located in the Milton Historic District.

Milton, Delaware
Milton is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States, on the Delmarva Peninsula. It is located on the Broadkill River, which empties into Delaware Bay. The population was 3,291 at the 2020 census.

It is part of the rapidly growing Cape Region and lies within the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. Delaware Route 5 passes through Milton.
MDGA2
MDGA2 (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2) is a human gene. 
It has previously been called MAMDC1.
MDGA2 is located on chromosome 14.

The gene has a homologue in rat and mouse, Mdga2,
and investigations in rats have found that the gene is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system in a subpopulation of neurons, e.g., in the basilar pons and cerebral cortex.

There are several variants in the human gene,
and a genome-wide association study has pointed to that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MDGA2 is associated with neuroticism. However, a more recent study has failed to replicate that finding.

Chromosome 14
Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 107 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.

The centromere of chromosome 14 is positioned approximately at position 17.2 Mbp.
David Ellsworth
David Ellsworth (born June 25, 1944 died 16 June 2025) was an American woodturner known for his tools and techniques for creating thin-walled hollow wood vessels. He began woodturning in 1958 and later earned both BFA and MFA degrees in sculpture from the University of Colorado, Boulder. His work is in the collections of over 40 museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In recognition of his contributions to the field, he received the Smithsonian Visionary Award in 2021.

Sheldon Museum of Art
The Sheldon Museum of Art (formerly the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery) is an art museum on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. The museum was established in 1963 when the university's art collection was moved to dedicated building at 451 North 12th Street. The building, designed by architect Philip Johnson and funded by siblings Mary Frances and Adams Bromley Sheldon, is made of Italian travertine, featuring a grand hall and distinctive central staircase.

The museum focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century art and houses over 12,000 artworks spanning multiple American art movements. An outdoor sculpture garden features more than thirty large-scale works. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
British Rail Class 165
The British Rail Class 165 Networker Turbo is a fleet of suburban diesel-hydraulic multiple unit  passenger trains (DMUs), originally specified by and built for the British Rail Thames and Chiltern Division of Network SouthEast. They were built by BREL York Works between 1990 and 1992. An express version was subsequently built in the form of the Class 166 Networker Turbo Express trains. Both classes are now referred to as "Networker Turbos", a name derived some three years later for the project that resulted in the visually similar Class 365 and Class 465 EMUs.

The class is still in service, now operated by Great Western Railway and by Chiltern Railways. When operated originally by Network SouthEast, along with that operator's Class 166 trains, the Paddington suburban units were initially known as Thames Turbos, while the units operated on the Marylebone suburban network were known as Chiltern Turbos.

British Rail Class 465
The British Rail Class 465 Networker are electric multiple unit passenger trains that were built by Metro-Cammell, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) and ABB Rail between 1991 and 1994. Originally operated by Network SouthEast, these units are now operated by Southeastern.
2007 World Wushu Championships
The 2007 World Wushu Championships was the 9th edition of the World Wushu Championships. It was held at the Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium in Beijing, China from November 11 to November 17, 2007. Nearly 1,000 athletes from 89 IWUF national federations participated in the event. The competition also acted as a qualifier for the 2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament and the 2009 World Games.

World Wushu Championships
The World Wushu Championships (WWC) is an international sports championship hosted by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) for the sports of wushu taolu and sanda (sanshou). The tournament has been held biennially since 1991 and is the pinnacle event of the IWUF. The World Wushu Championships also coincides with the IWUF Congress and various committee meetings. This competition additionally serves as the qualification event for the Taolu World Cup and the Sanda World Cup.
History of libraries
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents. Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for targeted audiences, architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's cultural heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship. Computerization and digitization arose from the 1960s, and changed many aspects of libraries.

Subscription library
A subscription library (or membership library) is a library that is financed by private funds either from membership fees or endowments. Historically, they are predecessors to the public library as it is known today. Unlike a public library, access is often restricted to members, but access rights can also be given to non-members, such as students. Through time, different library types have been grouped under this term, but may represent the following library models. A library formed as a joint stock company can be called a proprietary model. Some libraries allowed individuals who were not stock holders to subscribe for given time periods, and were thusly labeled subscription libraries. Athenaeums were similar to social libraries and provided the additional benefit of scholarly publications and cultural programming. The term mechanics or mercantile library refers to institutions established, often by benefactors, for the benefit of the working class.
Oberfeldarzt
Oberfeldarzt (short: OFArzt or OFA) is a military rank in German speaking armed forces. It denotes a medical staff officer surgeon or medical staff officer dentist and is comparable in rank to lieutenant colonel (de: Oberstleutnant) or (naval) commander (de: Fregattenkapitän) NATO-Rangcode OF4 in anglophone armed forces.

Oberstleutnant
Oberstleutnant (German pronunciation: [ˈʔoːbɐstlɔʏtnant]) (English: Lieutenant Colonel) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to lieutenant colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland and Norway. The Swedish rank överstelöjtnant is a direct translation, as is the Finnish rank everstiluutnantti.
Rost (crater)
Rost is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southwestern part of the Moon, to the southeast of the elongated formation Schiller. To the southeast of Rost is the larger crater Scheiner. West-southwest of this formation is the smaller Weigel.

This crater is a circular formation with a low rim and a relatively featureless inner wall and interior floor. There are some tiny craterlets around the rim, including one across the northwest wall and another on the inner wall to the south. The interior has no significant features, with only a tiny craterlet to mark the surface.

Rost lies east of the Schiller-Zucchius Basin, and the outer rim of the basin lies between Rost and Rost A.

Scheiner (crater)
Scheiner is a lunar impact crater that lies to the west of the enormous walled plain Clavius. To the southeast near the rim of Clavius is the crater Blancanus. The rim of Scheiner is worn, eroded, and marked with multiple impacts. It is most heavily worn in the northern part, where a cluster of craterlets covers the entrance to a low valley leading to the north. The floor of the crater has several craterlets, including Scheiner A that lies near the midpoint. There is also a low ridge crossing part of the eastern floor.
Pycnonuclear fusion
Pycnonuclear fusion (from Ancient Greek  πυκνός (pyknós) 'dense, compact, thick') is a type of nuclear fusion reaction which occurs due to zero-point oscillations of nuclei around their equilibrium point bound in their crystal lattice. In quantum physics, the phenomenon can be interpreted as overlap of the wave functions of neighboring ions, and is proportional to the overlapping amplitude. Under the conditions of above-threshold ionization, the reactions of neutronization and pycnonuclear fusion can lead to the creation of absolutely stable environments in superdense substances.

The term "pycnonuclear" was coined by A.G.W. Cameron in 1959, but research showing the possibility of nuclear fusion in extremely dense and cold compositions was published by W. A. Wildhack in 1940.

Coulomb barrier
The Coulomb barrier, named after Coulomb's law, which is in turn named after physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, is the energy barrier due to electrostatic interaction that two nuclei need to overcome so they can get close enough to undergo a  nuclear reaction such as nuclear fusion.
History of St. Augustine, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European origin in the continental United States, was founded in 1565 by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. The Spanish Crown issued an asiento to Menéndez, signed by King Philip II on March 20, 1565, granting him various titles, including that of adelantado of Florida, and expansive privileges to exploit the lands in the vast territory of Spanish Florida, called La Florida by the Spaniards. This contract directed Menéndez to explore the region's Atlantic coast and report on its features, with the object of finding a suitable location to establish a permanent settlement from which the Spanish treasure fleet could be defended and Spain's claimed territories in North America protected against incursions by other European powers.

Andrew Young
Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, and activist. Beginning his career as a pastor, Young was an early leader in the civil rights movement, serving as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and a close confidant to Martin Luther King Jr. A member of the Democratic Party, Young later became active in politics, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Georgia, United States Ambassador to the United Nations in the Carter Administration, and 55th Mayor of Atlanta. He was the first African American elected to Congress from Georgia since Reconstruction, as well as one of the first two African Americans elected to Congress from the former Confederacy since Reconstruction. Since leaving office, Young has founded or served in many organizations working on issues of public policy and political lobbying.
Henry Jones (Upper Canada politician)
Henry Jones (1790 – January 21, 1860) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Brockville in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1834 as a Conservative.

He was born in the United States, the son of Joseph Jones. Jones married Lucy Catherine Macdonell. He lived in Brockville. He served in the Leeds militia and was a justice of the peace for the Johnstown District. He was also postmaster for Brockville.

Jones was a cousin of Jonas and Charles Jones, who both also served in the assembly.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.