hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Splachnaceae
Splachnaceae is a family of mosses, containing around 70 species in 6 genera. Around half of those species are entomophilous, using insects to disperse their spores, a characteristic found in no other seedless land plants.

Many species in this family are coprophilous, growing exclusively on animal faeces or carrion. For this reason, certain genera such as Splachnum Hedw. are often referred to as dung mosses.

Splachnum sphaericum
Splachnum sphaericum, also known as pinkstink dung moss, is a species of moss. This species occurs in North America. It also occurs in upland Britain, where it is known as round-fruited collar-moss and in north temperate and boreal regions of Europe.  
Its habitat is bog and wet heathland where it grows on herbivore dung. This and other Splachnum species are entomophilous. The sporophytes, which are generally coloured red or black, produce an odour of carrion that is attractive to flies and the spores are dispersed by flies to fresh dung.
6th Indian Cavalry Brigade
The 6th Indian Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service in the Indian Army during the First World War.  It took part in the Mesopotamian campaign and was broken up soon after the end of the war.

11th Cavalry (Frontier Force)
The 11th Cavalry (Frontier Force), is an armoured regiment of the Pakistan Army. It was previously known as the 11th Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry and was a regular cavalry regiment of the old British Indian Army. It was formed in 1849 and later 21st Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry (Frontier Force) and the 23rd Cavalry were amalgamated.
Aamland
Aamland or Åmland is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Tolv Aamland (1893–1983), Norwegian politician

Torkil Åmland (born 1966), Norwegian politician

David Amland (1931–2010), American painter and art educator

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
Norfolk Militia
The Norfolk Militia was an auxiliary military force in the English county of Norfolk in East Anglia. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 until their final service as the Special Reserve, the Militia regiments of the county carried out internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. They saw active service during the Bishops' Wars, the English Civil Wars and the Second Boer War, and finally trained thousands of reinforcements during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence they were formally disbanded in 1953.

Mitford and Launditch Rural District
Mitford and Launditch Rural District was a rural district in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Mitford and Launditch rural sanitary district, taking its name from the two ancient hundreds of Mitford and Launditch. It completely encircled East Dereham Urban District.

The district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 and became part of the Breckland district. Its boundaries never changed during its 80 year existence.
Church of St Mary, Great Baddow
St Mary's Church is an active parish church in the village of Great Baddow, Essex, England. The church stands on the High Street in the centre of the village and dates from the 12th century. Much extended in the 16th century, and heavily restored in the 19th and 20th centuries, the church is a Grade I listed building.

William White (publisher)
William White (3 January 1799 – 3 September 1868) of Sheffield was a British publisher of White's Directories. He began his career in publishing at the age of 18 when he joined Edward Baines of Leeds in the preparation of county histories and directories. Within four years he had succeeded Mr Baines and proceeded to publish directories of numerous counties of England until 1864 when he was succeeded by his son, also William White (1832–1870).
Lance Jeter
Lance Lamar Jeter (born July 18, 1988) is an American professional basketball player. He plays point guard and occasionally shooting guard position. Jeter played college basketball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Nicknamed "the General", he is a two-time winner of the Dutch Basketball League MVP Award during his time with Donar.

2014–15 Dutch Basketball League
The 2014–15 season was the 55th season of the Dutch Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in the Netherlands. The defending champion was Donar from Groningen.

The league started the season with nine teams, after Matrixx Magixx did not enter. In December the number of teams was reduced to eight, after Den Helder Kings went bankrupt.

Top seeded SPM Shoeters won the league, by beating Donar 4–1 in the Finals.
Gmina Szastarka
Gmina Szastarka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Szastarka, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Kraśnik and 48 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 73.53 square kilometres (28.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,236 (5,957 in 2013).

Kraśnik
Kraśnik [ˈkraɕɲik] is a town in southeastern Poland with 30 842 inhabitants (2024), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, historic Lesser Poland. It is the seat of Kraśnik County. The town of Kraśnik as it is known today was created in 1975, after the merger of its two districts - Kraśnik Lubelski, and Kraśnik Fabryczny.
NGC 20
NGC 20 (also known as NGC 6) is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Andromeda.

The double name of the galaxy is due to the history of its discoveries: for the first time it was discovered on September 18, 1857, by Irish astronomer R. J. Mitchell, an assistant to William Parsons, Lord Rosse; however, the information was not published until Lawrence Parsons, the son of W. Parsons, did so in 1880. The galaxy was independently rediscovered by Herman Schultz on October 16, 1866, and by Lewis Swift in 1885. As a result, J. L. E. Dreyer cataloged it twice in the New General Catalogue, as NGC 6 (from Swift's observation) and NGC 20 (from Lord Rosse's).

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Wandearah East, South Australia
Wandearah East is a locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, Australia and a suburb of Port Pirie.

Wandearah East is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Frome and the local government area of the Port Pirie Regional Council.

Mid North
The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the southern part of the Flinders Ranges, and the northern part of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Temperate Grassland of South Australia cover most of the area.
Ashthabhuja Prasad Shukla
Ashthabhuja Prasad Shukla (born 20 December 1955) is an Indian politician. He represented the Khalilabad constituency in the Lok Sabha during 1991-1996 (10th Lok Sabha). He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

Basti, Uttar Pradesh
Basti is a city, municipal board and administrative headquarters of Basti district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district is part of Basti division. It is situated 202 kilometres east of the state capital, Lucknow.
Allison Pineau
Allison Marie Pineau (born 2 May 1989) is a French handballer for Metz Handball and the French national team. She won gold medal at the 2017 World Championship, 2018 European Championship and 2020 Olympic Games.

She was voted World Handball Player of the Year 2009 by the International Handball Federation.

LFH Division 1 Féminine
LFH Division 1 Féminine, known for sponsorship reasons as Ligue Butagaz Énergie, is the premier women's handball league in France. It is overseen by the Ligue Féminine de Handball (LFH), the governing body of French women's professional handball, under delegation from the French Handball Federation (FFHB). Founded in 1952, it is currently contested by twelve teams.

Metz Handball has dominated the championship in recent times with 27 titles between 1989 and 2025 including a 6-year winning streak, while US Ivry and Paris UC were the most successful teams in past decades with nine and five titles respectively.

As of 2025:

Brest Bretagne Handball is the french club that went the furthest in the EHF Champions League: they were finalist in 2021.

The EHF European League has been won by only one french club: Neptunes de Nantes in 2021.
Sidney Sam
Sidney Sam (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪd.nɛː ˈzam]; born 31 January 1988) is a German former professional footballer who played as a forward or winger. He was known for his explosive speed and dribbling style.

Shooting (association football)
In association football, shooting is the act of striking the ball in an attempt to score a goal. Shooting is a core attacking skill and may occur in open play, from set pieces, or during a penalty kick. A shot is typically taken using the feet, though players may also shoot using the head (a header), particularly when finishing crosses or aerial passes.

A shot on target (also called a shot on goal) is a shot that enters the goal, or would have entered the goal if it had not been saved by the goalkeeper or blocked by another defensive player.
2021 Nur-Sultan Challenger
The 2021 Nur-Sultan Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan between 22 and 28 February 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Norwegian County Road 5096
County Road 5096 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 5096) is a 9.2 kilometers (5.7 mi) long county road in Eidfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The road heads northeast from the village of Eidfjord.  Prior to 2020, the road was called County Road 103.  It was changed in 2020 when Vestland county was created.

The road branches off from Norwegian National Road 7 at Eidfjord and runs along the south shore of the Simadal Fjord. After passing the Sima Hydroelectric Power Station at the mouth of the Sima River below Kjeåsen, the road continues into the Sima Valley, where it terminates. The road is 9.2 kilometers (5.7 mi) long.

Sima Hydroelectric Power Station
The Sima Power Station  is a hydroelectric power station located in Eidfjord Municipality in Vestland, Norway. It stands at the mouth of the Sima River. The facility Lang-Sima operates at an installed capacity of 500 megawatts (670,000 hp), and has an average annual production of 1,212 gigawatt-hours (4,360 TJ). The facility Sy-Sima has an installed capacity of 620 megawatts (830,000 hp), and an average annual production of 1,640 gigawatt-hours (5,900 TJ). Operator is Statkraft.
NGC 7479
NGC 7479 (also known as Caldwell 44 or the Superman Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy about 105 million light-years away in the constellation Pegasus.  William Herschel discovered it in 1784.  NGC 7479 is also recognized as a Seyfert galaxy and a LINER undergoing starburst activity not only on the nucleus and the outer arms, but also across the bar of the galaxy, where most of the stars were formed in the last 100 million years. Polarization studies of this galaxy indicate that it recently underwent a minor merger and that it is unique in the radio continuum, with arms opening in a direction opposite to the optical arms. This feature, along with the asymmetrical arms of the galaxy and the intense star formation activity are attributed to a merger with a smaller galaxy. This galaxy is similar in both size and morphology to the barred spiral NGC 1300.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Acrometopa macropoda
Acrometopa macropoda is a species belonging to the family Tettigoniidae  subfamily Phaneropterinae. It is found in southern Europe approximately from Trieste on both sides of the Adriatic coast - Italy and Yugoslavia and to the south Greece and the Dinaric Mountains . It prefers dry grasslands and wastelands with loose bushes or higher-growing plants, such as thistles . Taxonomy- may be a
subspecies of Acrometopa servillea

Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.  They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
Strait Thunder–2025A
The Strait Thunder–2025A (Chinese: 海峽雷霆-2025A) was a military exercise organized by the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China from 1–2 April 2025, involving the command's land, sea, air, and rocket forces. The exercise was conducted in the vicinity of the Matsu Islands and the main island of Taiwan. The drill on 2 April was held in the central and southern parts of the Taiwan Strait. This was China's seventh major military drill targeting Taiwan since August 2022.

China Coast Guard
The China Coast Guard (CCG; 中国海警局) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) of China. The emergency number of the Coast Guard is 95110, which began operation in 2019.

Between 2013 and 2023, the CCG confiscated a total of 9.875 tonnes of drugs, 21 billion RMB worth of smuggled goods and 12 million tonnes of stolen sand, along with responding to over 53,000 emergency calls  and handling 24,000 cases.
Santa María la Antigua del Darién
Santa María la Antigua del Darién—rendered as Dariena in the Latin of De Orbe Novo—was a Spanish colonial town founded in 1510 by Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Located in present-day Colombia approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Acandí, within the municipality of Unguía in the Chocó Department, it was the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas and served as the first capital of Castilla del Oro. The settlement was abandoned in 1524 after the capital was transferred to the newly founded Panama City and was subsequently attacked and burned by indigenous peoples.

Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (August 1478 – 1557), commonly known as Oviedo, was a Spanish soldier, historian, writer, botanist and colonist. Oviedo participated in the Spanish colonization of the West Indies, arriving in the first few years after Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands in 1492. Oviedo's chronicle Historia general de las Indias, published in 1535 to expand on his 1526 summary La Natural hystoria de las Indias (collectively reprinted, three centuries after his death, as Historia general y natural de las Indias), forms one of the few primary sources about it. Portions of the original text were widely read in the 16th century in Spanish, English, Italian and French editions, and introduced Europeans to the  hammock, the pineapple, and tobacco as well as creating influential representations of the colonized peoples of the region.
Inverbervie (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Inverbervie (formerly just Bervie) in Kincardineshire was a royal burgh that elected one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Inverbervie, Aberdeen, Arbroath, Brechin and Montrose formed the Aberdeen district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Commissioner (Scottish Parliament)
A commissioner was a legislator appointed or elected to represent a royal burgh or shire in the Parliament of Scotland and the associated Convention of the Estates. Member of Parliament (MP) and Deputy are equivalent terms in other countries.

The Scottish Parliament (also known as the Three Estates) and the Convention of the Estates were unicameral legislatures, so commissioners sat alongside prelates (the first estate) and members of the nobility (the second estate).
Pila Niningi
Pila Kole Niningi is a Papua New Guinea politician. He is a Member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, and represented the seat of Imbonggu Open from 1997 to 1998 and was re-elected to the seat in 2017.

National Executive Council
The National Executive Council (NEC), also known as the Cabinet of Papua New Guinea functions as the policy and decision-making body of the executive branch within the government system of Papua New Guinea. The Prime Minister and Ministers serve as members of the Cabinet.
Imperia Online
Imperia Online is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the Bulgarian game production company Imperia Online JSC. It was originally released on 23 August 2005.

Set in a medieval world, Imperia Online is a predominantly militaristic strategy game.
Imperia Online has been translated into 30 languages and has over 40 million registered users.  The game is currently in its seventh version, but there are still active previous realms (such as Version 5).

Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game
Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game (MMORTS) mixes the genres of real-time strategy and massively multiplayer online games, possibly in the form of web browser-based games, in which a very large  number of players interact with one another within a virtual world. Players often assume the role of a general, king, or other type of figurehead leading an army into battle while maintaining the resources needed for such warfare.  The titles are often based in a sci-fi or fantasy universe and are distinguished from single or small-scale multiplayer RTSes by the number of players and common use of a persistent world, generally hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to evolve even when the player is offline.
Francisco O. Santos
Francisco O. Santos (3 June 1892 – 19 February 1983) was a Filipino nutritionist and biochemist. His researches involved comprehensive investigations on the nutritional value of many Filipino foods. He was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 1983 by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

National Scientist of the Philippines
The Order of National Scientists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Agham ng Pilipinas), abbreviated as ONS, is the highest award accorded to Filipino scientists by the Philippine government. Members of the order are known as National Scientists.

The award was created on December 16, 1976, by President Ferdinand Marcos through Presidential Decree Nos. 1003 and 1003-A, which also created the National Academy of Science and Technology. For the purposes of the law, a scientist is defined as "an individual who has earned a doctoral degree in any field of the sciences" and "has demonstrated and earned distinction in independent research or significant innovative achievement in the basic and applied sciences, including agricultural, engineering, and medical sciences, in mathematics and in the social sciences as manifested by published works in recognized scientific and technical journals." It was elevated to the status of order in 2003.
Stanley Park (Westfield, Massachusetts)
Stanley Park is a non-profit privately owned park including an arboretum and botanical garden, located in Westfield, Massachusetts. It is open to the public daily without charge from May to November. Although the park is closed during the winter, people can still enter the park at their own risk. The duck pond area is monitored 24/7 with three security cameras, which are accessible on the park's websites.

Stanley Park was founded by Frank Stanley Beveridge in 1949. The park began on a 25-acre (100,000 m2) plot, but now spans 300 acres (1.2 km2) with multiple gardens, trails, and playing fields. It is a short walking distance from Westfield State University, located across Western Avenue to the northwest from Stanley Park.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.