hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Welsh grammar
Welsh grammar reflects the patterns of linguistic structure that permeate the use of the Welsh language. In linguistics grammar refers to the domains of the syntax, and morphology. The following articles contain more information on Welsh:

Welsh syntax

Colloquial Welsh morphology (the patterns that shape the spoken language as it is used by present-day Welsh speakers.)

Literary Welsh morphology (the rules governing the use of the formal written language, normally corresponding to older, historical patterns.)

Literary Welsh morphology
The morphology of the Welsh language shows many characteristics perhaps unfamiliar to speakers of English or continental European languages like French or German, but has much in common with the other modern Insular Celtic languages: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Cornish, and Breton. Welsh is a moderately inflected language. Verbs conjugate for person, tense and mood with affirmative, interrogative and negative conjugations of some verbs. A majority of prepositions inflect for person and number. There are few case inflections in Literary Welsh, being confined to certain pronouns.

Modern Welsh can be written in two varieties – Colloquial Welsh or Literary Welsh. The grammar described on this article is for Literary Welsh.
Osireion
The Osireion (or Osirion) is believed to be the cenotaph of Seti I, located to the rear of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt. The temple was built in the 13th century BC and many researchers believe the Osireion dates from the same period.  Seti I ruled from c. 1294 BCE to c. 1279 BCE.

Seti I
Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I in Greek) was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom period, ruling c. 1294 or 1290 BC to 1279 BC. He was the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II (commonly known as Ramesses the Great).

The name 'Seti' means "of Set", which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set (also termed "Sutekh" or "Seth"). As with most pharaohs, Seti had several names. Upon his ascension, he took the prenomen "mn-m3't-r' ", usually vocalized in Egyptian as Menmaatre (Established is the Justice of Re). His better known nomen, or birth name, is transliterated as "sty mry-n-ptḥ" or Sety Merenptah, meaning "Man of Set, beloved of Ptah". Manetho incorrectly considered him to be the founder of the 19th Dynasty, and gave him a reign length of 55 years, though no evidence has ever been found for so long a reign.
Ekpatta
Ekpatta was a veil, a simple loose draped garment similar to Dupatta. Ekpatta was made of fine fabric like muslin, a single breadth of fabric that was six cubits long and three cubits wider. It was frequently embellished with silver or gold lace work around the edges. Dresses such as peshwaj were worn with ekpatta.

Veil
A veil is an article of clothing or hanging cloth that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has been prominent in different forms in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The practice of veiling is especially associated with women and sacred objects, though in some cultures, it is men, rather than women, who are expected to wear a veil. Besides its enduring religious significance, veiling continues to play a role in some modern secular contexts, such as wedding customs.
Charles Stileman
Charles Harvey Stileman (15 February 1863 – 23 February 1925) was an Anglican clergyman, the inaugural Anglican Bishop in Persia from 1912 until 1917.

Charles Harvey Stileman was educated at Repton School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1887, his first post was as a curate at St Peter's North Shields. He subsequently became a missionary in the Middle East. His last post before elevation to the episcopate was as secretary of the Church of England Zenana Mission. On his return to England he was Vicar of Emmanuel Church, Clifton, Bristol. He died on 23 February 1925. His brother, Leonard, was a first-class cricketer.

Church of England Zenana Missionary Society
The Church of England Zenana Missionary Society (CEZMS; founded 1880), also known as the Church of England Zenana Mission, was a British Anglican missionary society established to spread Christianity in India via women. It would later expand its Christian missionary work into Japan and Qing Dynasty China. In 1957 it was absorbed into the Church Missionary Society (CMS).
Geography of Omaha
The geography of Omaha, Nebraska is characterized by its riverfront position alongside the Missouri River. The city's geography, with its proximity to the river was a factor in making Omaha the "Gateway of the West" from which thousands of settlers traveled into the American West during the 19th century. Environmental issues include more than one hundred years of industrial smelting along the riverfront along with the continuous impact of suburban sprawl on the city's west side. The city's climate is temperate.

Midtown Omaha
Midtown is a geographic area of Omaha, Nebraska that is a culturally, socially and economically important area of the city. It is home to major research centers, national corporations, several historic districts, and a number of historic residences.
Life estate
In common law and statutory law, a life estate (or life tenancy) is the ownership of immovable property for the duration of a person's life. In legal terms, it is an estate in real property that ends at death, when the property rights may revert to the original owner or to another person. The owner of a life estate is called a "life tenant". The person who will take over the rights upon death is said to have a "remainder" interest and is known as a "remainderman".

999-year lease
A 999-year lease, under historic common law, is an essentially permanent lease of property. The lease locations are mainly in Britain, its former colonies, and the Commonwealth.

A former colony, the Republic of Mauritius (The Raphael Fishing Company Ltd v. The State of Mauritius & Anor (Mauritius) [2008] UKPC 43 (30 July 2008)) established legal precedent on 30 July 2008 in respect of a 1901 "permanent lease" on the Thirteen Islands of St. Brandon (Cargados Carajos) which were adjudged as being a permanent grant by the Privy Council.
Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (hospital group)
The Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS Group of Hospitals) is an Indian multi-speciality hospital chain. It was founded by Dr. Bhaskar Rao Bollineni in 2000 in the city of Nellore.  Currently, the KIMS Group of Hospitals operates 25 hospitals across the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Karnataka. The KIMS Group of Hospitals is certified by NABH and NABL. It is listed on BSE and the NSE.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
HMTSS Te Mataili
HMTSS Te Mataili (801) was a Pacific Forum-class patrol vessel provided by Australia to Tuvalu, and operated by the Tuvalu Police Force.  Tuvalu has a 900,000 square kilometres (350,000 sq mi) exclusive economic zone, and Te Mataili was its sole long range patrol vessel, until it was retired, and replaced by the larger and more modern Te Mataili II.

Pacific-class patrol boat
The Pacific class (also known as the Pacific Forum class and the ASI 315 class) is a class of 22 patrol boats built by Australia and donated to twelve South Pacific countries. The vessels were constructed between 1985 and 1997 and are operated by the militaries, coast guards or police forces of the twelve island nations. These boats are supported by the Pacific Patrol Boat Program and used primarily for maritime surveillance and fisheries protection.
Marian exiles
The Marian exiles were English Protestants who fled to continental Europe during the 1553–1558 reign of the Catholic monarchs Queen Mary I and King Philip. They settled chiefly in Protestant countries such as the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany, and also in France, Italy and Poland.

John Scory
John Scory (died 1585) was an English Dominican friar who later became a bishop in the Church of England.

He was Bishop of Rochester from 1551 to 1552, and then translated to Bishop of Chichester from 1552 to 1553. He was deprived of this position on Queen Mary's accession, but returned to the Anglican episcopate under Elizabeth's reign as Bishop of Hereford from 1559 to 1585.

He participated in the Westminster Disputation of 1559.
Carpathian Peak
Carpathian Peak is a prominent 6,000+ ft (1,830+ m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Whittier, Alaska, at the isthmus of the Kenai Peninsula, where the Kenai Mountains meet the Chugach Mountains. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the eastern aspect of the mountain rises from sea level at Blackstone Bay in Prince William Sound. The peak's nearest higher peak is Isthmus Peak, 8 mi (13 km) to the south, and nearby Bard Peak lies 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1959 by the United States Geological Survey. The 1959 first ascent party of Keith Hart, Ted Barrett, and Mat Nitsch suggested the name as a tribute to the Carpathian Mountains back in Mat's homeland which at the time was behind the Iron Curtain, with the intention to create a symbol of freedom.

Whittier, Alaska
Whittier is a city at the head of the Passage Canal in the Chugach Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of Alaska, about 58 miles (93 km) southeast of Anchorage. The city is located within the Chugach Census Area, established in 2019 when the former Valdez–Cordova Census Area was dissolved.

The city's population was 272 at the 2020 census, having increased from 220 in 2010. Almost all of its residents live in the Begich Towers Condominium, earning it the nickname of a "town under one roof".

Whittier has an extremely wet climate, receiving an average of 197 inches (5,000 mm) of precipitation per year. It is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway.
1940 United States Senate special election in Illinois
The 1940 United States Senate special election in Illinois took place on November 5, 1940. The election was triggered by the vacancy left by the death in office of Democrat J. Hamilton Lewis. After Lewis' death, James M. Slattery was appointed to fill the seat in the interim period until the individual elected in the special election would be sworn in. Slattery was the Democratic Party's nominee in the special election. He was defeated by Republican nominee C. Wayland Brooks. Brooks' father-in-law, Senator John Thomas of Idaho, also won a special election that same day and the two would serve in the Senate together until Thomas' death in 1945.

The primaries and general election coincided with those for other federal elections (president and House) and those for state elections.

Primaries were held April 9, 1940.

1940 Illinois elections
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 5, 1940.

Primaries were held April 9, 1940.

While the Democratic ticket of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry A. Wallace won the state's electors in the presidential election, the election overall saw significant victories for the Republican Party. The Republican Party retained their control of the Illinois House, and flipped control of the Illinois Senate, as well as control of the executive offices of governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor of public accounts, and treasurer, all of which had previously been under Democratic Party control. Democrats retained their hold on the executive office of secretary of state. Additionally, Republicans won all seats up for election on the board of trustees of the University of Illinois. Republicans also won the state's special United States Senate election and flipped six Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives.
Electoral Commission of Catalonia
The Electoral Commission of Catalonia (Catalan: Sindicatura Electoral de Catalunya) was the electoral commission for the independence referendum, guaranteeing the transparency and objectivity of the electoral process and the effective exercise of electoral rights. It is based in Parliament of Catalonia. On September 21, 2017, the Constitutional Court of Spain imposed daily fines of 12,000 euros for each member of the commission, and 6,000 euros for each territorial trustee.  On September 22, 2017, the Commission dissolved itself.

Election commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a central or state election commission, or an election board, an electoral council  or an electoral court. Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner.
Mesoamerican cosmovision
Mesoamerican cosmovision or cosmology is the collection of worldviews shared by the Indigenous pre-Columbian societies of Mesoamerica. The cosmovision of these societies was reflected in the ways in which they were organized, such as in their built environment and social hierarchies, as well as in their epistemologies and ontologies, including an understanding of their place within the cosmos or universe. Elements of Mesoamerican cosmovision are reflected in pre-Columbian textual sources, such as the Popol Vuh and the Cuauhtinchan maps, the archeological record, as well as in the contemporary beliefs, values, and practices of Indigenous people, such as the Maya, Nahua, and Purépecha, as well as their descendants. It has been argued that the Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de los Muertos) ceremony exists as a legacy of Mesoamerican cosmovision.

Purépecha
The Purépecha (Western Highland Purepecha: P'urhepecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa]) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.

They are also known by the derogatory term "Tarascan", an exonym, applied by outsiders and not one they use for themselves.

The Purépecha occupied most of Michoacán but also some of the lower valleys of both Guanajuato and Jalisco. Celaya, Acambaro, Cerano, and Yurirapundaro. Now, the Purépecha live mostly in the highlands of central Michoacán, around Lakes Patzcuaro and Cuitzeo.
Ralph Hasenhüttl
Ralph Hasenhüttl (listenⓘ; born 9 August 1967) is an Austrian professional football manager and former player who was most recently the manager of VfL Wolfsburg. During his playing career, he played as a centre forward.

As a manager, he has developed a reputation as an Alpine Klopp for similarities in the style of play of his teams. He managed RB Leipzig to a second placed finish in their debut season in the Bundesliga before having a four-year period in charge of Southampton in the Premier League. In March 2024, he returned to German football as manager of VfL Wolfsburg and was dismissed in May 2025.

Austrian Supercup
The Austrian Supercup (German: ÖFB-Supercup) was a football competition held annually from 1986 until 2004 between the winners of the Austrian Football Bundesliga and the Austrian Cup.

19 editions were played during the short history of the competition.
Siege of Acre (1799)
The siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) and was the turning point of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and Syria, along with the Battle of the Nile.  It was Napoleon's third tactical defeat in his career, being defeated at the Second Battle of Bassano and the Battle of Caldiero three years previously during the Italian campaign, and his first major strategic defeat, along with the last time he was defeated in battle for 10 years. As a result of the failed siege, Napoleon retreated two months later and withdrew to Egypt.

Sacred Band of Thebes
The Sacred Band of Thebes (Ancient Greek: Ἱερὸς Λόχος τῶν Θηβῶν, Hieròs Lóchos tôn Thēbôn) was an elite heavy infantry of select soldiers consisting of 150 pairs of male couples, 300 men total, organized by age that formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC. It was first organised under commander Gorgidas in 378 BC and later Pelopidas, and played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was annihilated by Philip II of Macedon and young Alexander the Great in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.
Camanche Dam
Camanche Dam is an earthfill dam on the Mokelumne River in the central California, about 20 mi (32 km) from East Lodi. The dam and reservoir lie in the Sierra Nevada foothills in San Joaquin County. Construction of Camanche Dam was started in 1963 and completed in 1964. East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD) owns and operates it. The purpose of Camanche Dam and reservoir is to provide flood control, water flows for agriculture, habitat for fisheries and recreation for community.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
TMC Costin
The TMC Costin is a Clubman-style sports car built from 1983 to 1987 in Castlebridge, County Wexford, Ireland. Fewer than forty were produced. It was an unusual design of an ungainly, cobbled together appearance, mixing the front design of a Lotus Seven with a slab-sided, shed-like structure at the rear. It was a very purposeful design, however, strictly oriented towards low aerodynamics, good high-speed stability, light weight, and structural strength.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
What I Talk About When I Talk About Running
What I Talk About When I Talk About Running (走ることについて語るときに僕の語ること, Hashiru Koto ni Tsuite Kataru Toki ni Boku no Kataru Koto) is a memoir by Haruki Murakami in which he writes about his interest and participation in long-distance running. The book is translated to English by Philip Gabriel. Murakami started running in the early 1980s and since then has competed in over twenty marathons and an ultramarathon.

The book's title was inspired by Raymond Carver's collection of short stories What We Talk About When We Talk About Love.

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love
What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a 1981 collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, as well as the title of one of the stories in the collection. Considered by many to be one of American literature's most ambitious short-story collections, it was this collection that turned Raymond Carver into a household name in the publishing industry.
1979 Carolina League season
The 1979 Carolina League was a Class A baseball season played between April 13 and September 1. Six teams played a 140-game schedule, with the top team in each half of the season competing for the championship.

The Winston-Salem Red Sox won the Carolina League championship, as they finished in first place in both halves of the season.

Winston-Salem Dash
The Winston-Salem Dash are a Minor League Baseball team in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They are a High-A team in the South Atlantic League and have been a farm team of the Chicago White Sox since 1997. The Dash began playing their home games at Truist Stadium in 2010 after having Ernie Shore Field (now known as Gene Hooks Field at Wake Forest Baseball Park) as their home from 1956 to 2009.
United States v. Solon
United States v. Solon, 596 F.3d 1206 (10th Cir. 2010), was a case in which Nathaniel Solon, a resident of Casper, Wyoming, was convicted for possession of child pornography. The case became known in the media for irregularities in the process, and suspicions (affirmed by the defendant) that the material was introduced by malware on the computer. There were other people accused of similar crimes, who were later acquitted, but Solon was never exonerated.

Casper, Wyoming
Casper is a city in, and the county seat of, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census. Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.

Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
Machine Check Architecture
In computing, Machine Check Architecture (MCA) is an Intel and AMD mechanism in which the CPU reports hardware errors to the operating system.

Intel's P6 and Pentium 4 family processors, AMD's K7 and K8 family processors, as well as the Itanium architecture implement a machine check architecture that provides a mechanism for detecting and reporting hardware (machine) errors, such as: system bus errors, ECC errors, parity errors, cache errors, and translation lookaside buffer errors. It consists of a set of model-specific registers (MSRs) that are used to set up machine checking and additional banks of MSRs used for recording errors that are detected.

Model-specific register
A model-specific register (MSR) is any of various control registers in the x86 system architecture used for debugging, program execution tracing, performance monitoring, and toggling certain CPU features.
Yana Yaku
Yana Yaku (Quechua yana black, yaku water, "black water", Hispanicized spelling Yanayacu) is a mountain in the northern part of the Cordillera Negra in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Santa Province, Cáceres del Perú District. Yana Yaku lies between Qarwaqucha in the southeast and Quñuqranra in the northwest, west of Rumi Cruz.

Qarwaqucha (Ancash)
Qarwaqucha (Quechua qarwa yellowish, qucha lake, "yellowish lake", also spelled Carhuacocha), also known as Qarwa Punta (Quechua for "yellowish peak (or ridge)", also spelled Carhuapunta) or Flery Punta, is a mountain in the Cordillera Negra in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Santa Province, Cáceres del Perú District, near a little lake of that name. It reaches a height of  5,070 m (16,634 ft).

The lake named Qarwaqucha lies southeast of the peak at 8°57′35″S 77°57′26″W﻿ / ﻿8.95972°S 77.95722°W﻿ / -8.95972; -77.95722.