hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Singla
La Singla, also spelled La Sengla, is a 3,714 m mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It is the highest summit lying between the valleys of Bagnes (Valais) and Valpelline (Aosta Valley). On its northern side La Singla overlooks the Otemma Glacier.

Bagnes
Bagnes (French pronunciation: [baɲ] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Bagnes and Vollèges merged to form the new municipality of Val de Bagnes.

With an area of 282 km2 (108.88 sq mi), Bagnes used to be the largest municipality of Switzerland until the formation of Glarus Süd in 2011.
Keluar Sekejap
Keluar Sekejap (alternatively referred by its initials KS) is a weekly Malaysian political podcast hosted by two Malaysian politicians Khairy Jamaluddin and Shahril Hamdan. It launched its pilot episode on March 1, 2023, and officially its first episode on March 7, 2023, on YouTube and Spotify. Keluar Sekejap has consistently been ranked as one of Malaysia's most popular podcasts and has influenced the trend of political podcasting in the country and the Southeast Asian region. The podcast has been available on various platforms such as YouTube, Spotify, and Apple Podcasts with highlights uploaded onto their main Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and Twitter page.

The Rest Is Politics
The Rest Is Politics is a British podcast and television series hosted by Alastair Campbell and Rory Stewart. It launched in March 2022, and has since become one of the leading political podcasts in the United Kingdom. The podcast is produced by Goalhanger Podcasts. Campbell and Stewart generally discuss contemporary news and politics, with a strong focus on UK politics, but also international developments, such as foreign elections and humanitarian catastrophes. As Campbell is a member of the Labour Party, and Stewart was a Conservative, historically the major opposing parties in British politics, they often come to issues with different perspectives and experiences.

An American edition was launched in April 2024 with Anthony Scaramucci and Katty Kay hosting.
Reactive transport modeling in porous media
Reactive transport modeling in porous media refers to the creation of computer models integrating chemical reaction with transport of fluids through the Earth's crust. Such models predict the distribution in space and time of the chemical reactions that occur along a flowpath. Reactive transport modeling in general can refer to many other processes, including reactive flow of chemicals through tanks, reactors, or membranes; particles and species in the atmosphere; gases exiting a smokestack; and migrating magma.

Chemical thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.

The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics.  Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the "fundamental equations of Gibbs" can be derived.  From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics.  This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
Necklace of Venus
Necklace of Venus describes the white spots on the side of the neck associated with syphilis.

It is a type of leucoderma syphiliticum, appearing around  six-months following the onset of syphilis.

It is rare. The term was coined by Jean Alfred Fournier in 1906.

Hypopigmentation
Hypopigmentation is characterized specifically as an area of skin becoming lighter than the baseline skin color, but not completely devoid of pigment. This is not to be confused with depigmentation, which is characterized as the absence of all pigment.  It is caused by melanocyte or melanin depletion, or a decrease in the amino acid tyrosine, which is used by melanocytes to make melanin. Some common genetic causes include mutations in the tyrosinase gene or OCA2 gene.  As melanin pigments tend to be in the skin, eye, and hair, these are the commonly affected areas in those with hypopigmentation.

Hypopigmentation is common and approximately one in twenty have at least one hypopigmented macule. Hypopigmentation can be upsetting to some, especially those with darker skin whose hypopigmentation marks are seen more visibly. Most causes of hypopigmentation are not serious and can be easily treated.
Radio Gračanica
Radio Gračanica  is a Bosnian local public radio station, broadcasting from Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It was launched on 1 March 1969 by the municipal council of Gračanica. In Yugoslavia and in SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was part of local/municipal Radio Sarajevo network affiliate.

This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music, sport, local news and talk shows. Programs are mainly produced in Bosnian language.

Estimated number of potential listeners of Radio Gračanica is around 216,054. The radio station is also available in municipalities of Zenica-Doboj Canton and in Bosanska Posavina area.

Radio Gračanica is also available via IPTV platform Moja TV on channel 177.

Radio Sarajevo
Radio Sarajevo is a radio station and magazine that began airing 10 April 1945, four days after the liberation of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina near the end of World War II. It was Bosnia and Herzegovina's first radio station. The first words spoken by announcer Đorđe Lukić were "This is Radio Sarajevo... Death to fascism, freedom to the people!"

Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1.
Princess Kusakanohatabino
Princess Kusakanohatabino (also Kusaka no hatabi no) (? – after 405) was Empress of Japan as the consort of her nephew, Emperor Richū.

She was the daughter of Emperor Ōjin. She gave birth to Princess Nakashi.

Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.
Griffith Davies (poet)
Griffith Davies (1868-1962) was a Welsh poet from the Llanuwchllyn area Merionethshire. He was raised by his mother, his father having died before he was born, and was educated at the local school, and for a time at Owen Owen's (1850 - 1920) school in Oswestry. For most of his life he lived as a farmer, farming Bryncaled farm in Merionethshire. He also served as a deacon of Yr Hen Gapel (Congregational church), Llanuwchllyn, and was for a time Vice-President of the Merioneth Historical Society.

His writings include a number of contributions to the local press, and articles written for 'Y Tyst', 'Dysgedydd', and 'Geninen'. In 1910 he published a booklet containing his awdl (long poem) to Michael D. Jones. Awen Gwyndaf Llanuwchllyn, a volume of his works, was published posthumously in 1966, edited by James Nicholas. He died in 1962, and was buried in the new cemetery at Llanuwchllyn.

Merionethshire
Merionethshire, or Merioneth (Welsh: Meirionnydd or Sir Feirionnydd), was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.
Heidelberg Castle
Heidelberg Castle (German: Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg. The castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps.

The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demolition in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is located 80 metres (260 ft) up the northern part of the Königstuhl hillside, and thereby dominates the view of the old downtown. It is served by an intermediate station on the Heidelberger Bergbahn funicular railway that runs from Heidelberg's Kornmarkt to the summit of the Königstuhl.

The earliest castle structure was built before 1214 and later expanded into two castles circa 1294; however, in 1537, a lightning bolt destroyed the upper castle. The present structures had been expanded by 1650, before damage by later wars and fires. In 1764, another lightning bolt caused a fire which destroyed some rebuilt sections. By 1880, Mark Twain mentioned it as a ruin.

Louis V, Elector Palatine
Louis V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (German: Ludwig V. von der Pfalz) (2 July 1478, in Heidelberg – 16 March 1544, in Heidelberg), also Louis the Pacific, was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty. He was prince elector of the  Palatinate.
His parents were Philip, Elector Palatine, and Margaret, a daughter of Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut.

He converted to Lutheranism in the 1530s.
Bernard Baruch Stakes
The Bernard Baruch Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three-years-old and older run over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the turf annually in early August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York.  The event currently offers a purse of $150,000.

Saratoga Race Course
Saratoga Race Course is a Thoroughbred horse racing track located on Union Avenue in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. Opened in 1863, it is often considered to be the oldest major sporting venue of any kind in the U.S. It is the fourth oldest racetrack after Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack (1858), Freehold Raceway (1854) and Fair Grounds Race Course (1852).

The racetrack is operated by the New York Racing Association.

The Saratoga meet originally lasted only four days. The meet has been lengthened gradually since that time. From 1962 to 1990, the meet lasted four weeks and began in late July or early August. In 2010, the meet expanded to 40 racing days, with races held five days per week. It lasts from mid-July through Labor Day in early September.
Sophie Adenot
Sophie Marie Laurence Adenot (French pronunciation: [sɔfi ad(ə)no]; born 5 July 1982) is a French engineer, helicopter pilot, and astronaut. She holds the rank of colonel in the French Air and Space Force and became France's first female helicopter test pilot in 2018. She was selected to join the European Astronaut Corps as part of the 2022 group. Her first space flight was in 2026, on SpaceX Crew-12, during which she launched to the International Space Station for a long-duration mission as a part of Expedition 74/75.

Claudie Haigneré
Claudie Haigneré (French pronunciation: [klodi ɛɲəʁe]; née André; formerly Deshays; born 13 May 1957) is a French doctor, former politician and retired astronaut. The first female astronaut of the French Space Agency (CNES) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to go to space and to visit the ISS, she later was a government minister under Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin.
1936 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1936 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 3, 1936. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Virginia voted for the Democratic nominee, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, over the Republican nominee, Kansas Governor Alf Landon. Roosevelt ultimately won the national election with 60.80% of the vote.  Roosevelt carried Virginia with the largest percentage since 1832, and no candidate since has been able to match his performance in the state. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Page County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.

1832 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1832 United States presidential election in Virginia took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. Voters chose 23 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Virginia voted for the Democratic Party candidate, incumbent President Andrew Jackson, over the National Republican candidate, Henry Clay, and the Anti-Masonic Party candidate, William Wirt. Jackson won Virginia by a margin of 49.93%.
Capitol View Manor
Capitol View Manor is a small community in Southwest Atlanta that was named for the excellent view of the Georgia State Capitol building. Its boundaries include I-75/85 to the east, the Beltline to the north, Metropolitan Parkway to the west, and Atlanta Technical College to the south.

Georgia State Capitol
The Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The building has been named a National Historic Landmark which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the primary office building of Georgia's government, the capitol houses the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state on the second floor, chambers in which the General Assembly, consisting of the Georgia State Senate and Georgia House of Representatives, meets annually from January to April. The fourth floor houses visitors' galleries overlooking the legislative chambers and a museum located near the rotunda in which a statue of Miss Freedom caps the dome.
JADES-GS-z13-1
JADES-GS-z13-1 or JADES-GS-z13-1-LA (also known as JADES-GS+53.06475-27.89024) is a high-redshift Lyman-Break galaxy in the constellation Fornax that was observed with the NIRSpec instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) between 10 and 12 January 2024 as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) and JADES Origins Field (JOF) programmes.

It has a redshift of 13.01+0.02−0.01, making it one of the most distant galaxies discovered. According to current theory, this redshift corresponds to a time about 13.47 billion years ago, approximately 330 million years after the Big Bang, or about 2,4% of its current age.

Fornax
Fornax (/ˈfɔːrnæks/) is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, partly ringed by the celestial river Eridanus. Its name is Latin for furnace. It was named by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756. Fornax is one of the 88 modern constellations.

The three brightest stars—Alpha, Beta and Nu Fornacis—form a flattened triangle facing south. With an apparent magnitude of 3.91, Alpha Fornacis is the brightest star in Fornax. Six star systems have been found to have exoplanets. The Fornax Dwarf galaxy is a small faint satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. NGC 1316 is a relatively close radio galaxy.

The Hubble Space Telescope's Ultra-Deep Field is located within Fornax.

It is the 41st largest constellation in the night-sky, occupying an area of 398 square degrees. It is located in the first quadrant of the southern hemisphere (SQ1) and can be seen at latitudes between +50° and -90° during the month of December.
Crites Hall
Crites Hall, at 10th and Main Sts. in Chadron, Nebraska, is the student services building of Chadron State College.  The building is historic, dating from  1938, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It is in Art Deco style, designed by architect Gordon Shattuck, and was the first men's dormitory at the college.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

It is named for Edwin D. Crites (1884-1953), a first generation northwestern-Nebraskan who spent his career as an attorney in Chadron and was a State Normal Board member from 1931 to 1953.

Gordon Shattuck also designed the H. J. Bartenbach House, in Grand Island, Nebraska, which is also NRHP-listed.

Chadron State College
Chadron State College (CSC) is a public college in Chadron, Nebraska, United States. It is one of three public colleges in the Nebraska State College System. The school opened in June 1911 and has an enrollment of about 2,200 students.
1998 Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix
The 1998 Bosch Spark Plug Grand Prix Presented by Toyota was the fourth round of the 1998 CART FedEx Champ Car World Series season, in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. The race was won by Jimmy Vasser, his first win on an oval for nearly two years. Vasser won ahead of teammate and reigning champion Alex Zanardi, making it a 1-2 finish for Chip Ganassi Racing.

Firestone Indy 225
The Firestone Indy 225 was an IndyCar racing event held at Nazareth Speedway from 1987–2004. From 1987–2001, the event was sanctioned by CART. In 2002, the race switched to the Indy Racing League. From 1987–1996, the race was scheduled for 200 laps. In 1997, the race was lengthened to 225 laps. Rising speeds had led to the races being completed very quickly, and CART officials worried that the fans were not getting their money's worth. The race was discontinued after the track closed permanently in 2004.

Nazareth also hosted the Marlboro Challenge all-star event in 1990 and 1992. IndyCar points racing would not return in Pennsylvania until their return to Pocono Raceway in 2013 for the first time since 1989.
Medlen
Medlen is a surname of English descent, derived from Medlin. Notable people with the surname include:

Eric Medlen (1973–2007), American racing car driver

Kris Medlen (born 1985), American baseball player

Pamela Medlen, Australian journalist

Medlin
Medlin is a surname of English (Cornwall) origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Herbert Medlin (1927–2004), Australian philosopher

Dan Medlin (born 1949), American football player

John Medlin (1933–2012), American businessman

Lee Medlin (born 1964), American cyclist

Lex Medlin (born 1969), American actor

Lu Long Ogburn Medlin (1932–2025), American beauty queen

Richard Medlin (born 1987), American football player

Steve Medlin (born 1944), American rancher
Quantum spacetime
In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra. The choice of that algebra varies from one theory to another. As a result of this change, some variables that are usually continuous may become discrete. Often only such discrete variables are called "quantized"; usage varies.

The idea of quantum spacetime was proposed in the early days of quantum theory by Heisenberg and Ivanenko as a way to eliminate infinities from quantum field theory. The germ of the idea passed from Heisenberg to Rudolf Peierls, who noted that electrons in a magnetic field can be regarded as moving in a quantum spacetime, and to Robert Oppenheimer, who carried it to Hartland Snyder, who published the first concrete example. Snyder's Lie algebra was made simple by C. N. Yang in the same year.

Alain Connes
Alain Connes (French: [alɛ̃ kɔn]; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He was a professor at the Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
Chinigchinix
Chingichngish (also spelled Chengiichngech, Chinigchinix, Chinigchinich, Changitchnish, etc.), also known as Quaoar (also Qua-o-ar, Kwawar, etc.)  and by other names including Ouiamot,  Tobet and Saor, is an important mythological figure of the Mission Indians of coastal Southern California, a group of Takic-speaking peoples, today divided into the  Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Tongva (Gabrieliño and Fernandeño), and Acjachemem (Juaneño) peoples.

Chinigchinix was born, or first appeared, after the death of Wiyot, a tyrannical ruler of the first beings, who was poisoned by his sons. 
Wiyot's murder brought death into the world, and as a consequence, the male creator Night divided the first human ancestors into distinct peoples, assigning them languages and territories.

In June 2002, 50000 Quaoar, a large trans-Neptunian object and ringed dwarf planet, was discovered and named after this deity.

Luiseño
The Luiseño or Payómkawichum are an Indigenous people of California who, at the time of the first contacts with the Spanish in the 16th century, inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the present-day southern part of Los Angeles County to the northern part of San Diego County, and inland 30 miles (48 km). In the Luiseño language, the people call themselves Payómkawichum (also spelled Payómkowishum), meaning "People of the West." After the establishment of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia (The Mission of Saint Louis King of France), "the Payómkawichum began to be called San Luiseños, and later, just Luiseños by Spanish missionaries due to their proximity to this San Luis Rey mission.

Today there are six federally recognized tribes of Luiseño bands based in southern California, all with reservations. Another organized band is not federally recognized.
Fleury-Mérogis Prison
Fleury-Mérogis Prison (Maison d'arrêt de Fleury-Mérogis) is a prison in France, located in the town of Fleury-Mérogis, in the southern suburbs of Paris. With more than 4,100 prisoners, it is the largest prison in Europe. It is operated by the Ministry of Justice.

Fleury-Mérogis is notorious as a leading center of Islamist radicalization in European prisons.

Action Directe
Action Directe (French pronunciation: [aksjɔ̃ diʁɛkt]; AD; lit. 'direct action') was a French far-left militant organization which originated in the anti-Franco struggle and the autonomous movement, and was responsible for deadly attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. The French government banned the group. During its existence members murdered 12 people and wounded a further 26. It associated at various times with the Red Brigades (Italy), Red Army Faction (West Germany), Prima Linea (Italy), Armed Nuclei for Popular Autonomy (France), Communist Combatant Cells, Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions, Irish National Liberation Army, and others.
1895 Preakness Stakes
The 1895 Preakness Stakes was the 20th running of the $1,000 added Preakness Stakes, a horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds run on May 25, 1895 at Gravesend Race Track, in Coney Island, New York. Ridden by Fred Taral, Belmar won the mile and a sixteen race by one length over runner-up April Fool. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:50 1/2.

Bred by James Galway at his Preakness Stud in Passaic County, New Jersey, he raced under the nom de course Preakness Stables.

In 1895, the Kentucky Derby was run on May 6, 1895 and the Preakness Stakes twenty days later on May 25. When the New York Jockey Club ceased operations, the running of the Belmont Stakes was delayed until November 2 once the Westchester Racing Association took over the racetrack.

The 1919 Preakness Stakes would mark the first time the race would be recognized as the second leg of a U.S. Triple Crown series.

1919 Preakness Stakes
The 1919 Preakness Stakes was the 44th running of the $50,000 added Preakness Stakes, a horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The event took place on May 14, 1919 and was run four days after the Kentucky Derby. Ridden by Johnny Loftus, the Derby winner Sir Barton easily won the mile and an eighth race by four lengths over runner-up Eternal. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:53 flat.

Sir Barton's Preakness would become what is known as the second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series.
Traditionalist Communion (2001)
The Traditionalist Communion (Spanish: Comunión Tradicionalista, CT) is a Spanish political group rooted in Carlism, headed by the prince Sixto Enrique of Borbón and organized around his political secretariat.

José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez
José Miguel Gambra Gutiérrez (born 1950) is a Spanish philosopher and politician. He is known mostly as the expert in logic and in the theory of predicates; since the 1980s he has been holding various teaching positions at Facultad de Filosofía of Universidad Complutense in Madrid. He is also recognized as a theorist of political and social science; Gambra advances the Traditionalist vision of state and society. In politics he adheres to the Carlist cause. In 2010-2021 he was leading one of two Traditionalist organisations in Spain, Comunión Tradicionalista.