hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burhan-ud-Din (Indian National Army officer)
Burhan-ud-Din (1914–1996) (Urdu: برھان الدین) of Chitral was a veteran of the Indian National Army. Burhan-ud-Din was the son of Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk, the ruler of Chitral. He was by far the most famous Chitrali as a result of his service in the Indian National Army under Subhas Chandra Bose during World War II.

He later served with the Chitral Scouts alongside the Pakistan Army in Chilas in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948.

Rashtriya Indian Military College
The Rashtriya Indian Military College (abbreviated RIMC; founded as the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College) is a military school for boys and girls situated in Doon Valley, Dehradun in India. The RIMC is a feeder institution for the National Defence Academy, Indian Naval Academy and subsequently the Indian Armed Forces. Rimcollians, the name by which alumni of the RIMC are usually denoted, have gone on to hold the highest ranks in the Army, Navy and the Air Force of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
2018–19 Malaysia Purple League
2018–19 Malaysia Purple League (also known as SS Purple League for sponsorship reasons) is the fifth edition of Malaysia Purple League. It started on 21 December 2018 and will conclude on 27 January 2019. It will consist of 28 league ties (each tie consisting of 5 matches) in Stage 1. Top two teams in Stage 1, progressed to the finals stage. Meanwhile, the rest to the Stage 2 (divided into 2 groups) to accumulates points to contest four remaining spots for finals stage. Finals stage will features six teams.

Malaysia Purple League
The Malaysia Purple League (Malay: Liga Ungu Malaysia) is Malaysia's premier professional badminton league managed by Purple League (M) Sdn. Bhd. The seasons usually run from December to January. The League features local and international players ranging from Olympic medallist, World Champions, former stars and also rising talents. Players from 8 teams will participate in 3 stages on a round robin and play-off format for the coveted Senheng Purple League trophy and championship title. It offers a total prize money of RM1,500,000.

The 2021/2022 season kicked off at Malawati Stadium, Shah Alam on 1 October, while the finals will be held at the Arena of Stars in Resorts World Genting on 8 and 9 October.
Psychobiography
Psychobiography aims to understand historically significant individuals, such as artists or political leaders, through the application of psychological theory and research.

Through its merging of personality psychology and historical evidence, psychobiography may be considered a historical form of therapeutic case study: it represents a growing field in the realm of biography. Psychopathography is sometimes used as a term to indicate that the person being analyzed was not mentally healthy, "path" coming from pathos (πάθος)—Ancient Greek for suffering or illness.

Henry Murray
Henry Alexander Murray (May 13, 1893 – June 23, 1988) was an American psychologist at Harvard University. From 1959 to 1962, he conducted a series of psychologically damaging and purposefully abusive experiments on minors and undergraduate students. One of those students was Ted Kaczynski, later known as the Unabomber.

Murray was Director of the Harvard Psychological Clinic in the School of Arts and Sciences after 1930. Murray developed a theory of personality called personology, based on "need" and "press".  Murray was also a co-developer, with Christiana Morgan, of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which he referred to as "the second best-seller that Harvard ever published, second only to the Harvard Dictionary of Music".
Ozuma
Leiji Matsumoto's Ozma (松本零士「オズマ」, Matsumoto Reiji "Ozuma"; stylized as OZMA) is a 2012 Japanese anime television series. It was based on a 1980 unused script by Leiji Matsumoto. It was the final anime that Matsumoto had involvement with before his death in February 2023.

Leiji Matsumoto
Leiji Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本零士, Hepburn: Matsumoto Reiji; born Akira Matsumoto (松本晟); January 25, 1938 – February 13, 2023) was a Japanese manga artist, and creator of several anime and manga series. His widow Miyako Maki is also a manga artist.

Matsumoto was famous for his works such as Space Battleship Yamato, Space Pirate Captain Harlock, and Galaxy Express 999. His style was characterized by mythological and often tragic storylines with strong moral themes, noble heroes, feminine heroines, and a love of strange worlds and melancholic atmosphere.
2022–23 Süper Lig
The 2022–23 Süper Lig, officially called the Spor Toto Süper Lig 2022–23 season, was the 65th season of the Süper Lig, the highest tier football league of Turkey. The season has started on 5 August 2022 and ended on 7 June 2023.

Galatasaray clinched their 23rd league title, and first since the 2018–19 season, on 30 May 2023, with two games to spare.

Due to Turkey's poor UEFA ranking (20th at the end of the 2021–22 season), in this season only four teams qualified for the European cups instead of the usual five. The team in first place entered the 2023–24 UEFA Champions League's second qualifying round, while teams in second and third place, as well the winners of the 2022–23 Turkish Cup, entered the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League's second qualifying round.

2022–23 Turkish Cup
The 2022–23 Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) was the 61st season of the tournament. Ziraat Bank was the sponsor of the tournament, thus the sponsored name was Ziraat Turkish Cup. The winners earned a berth in the second qualifying round of the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League, and also qualified for the 2023 Turkish Super Cup.
Tigaraksa railway station
Tigaraksa Station (TGS) is a large class type C railway station located in Cikasungka, Solear, Tangerang Regency. The station, which is located at an altitude of +51 meters, is included in the Operation Area I Jakarta. Even though it is named Tigaraksa, this station is not located in the Tigaraksa district, but is located in the south of the Tigaraksa district itself.

Since 1 April 2013, Tigaraksa Station has served the KRL Commuterline system. But 4 years later, on 1 April 2017, Tigaraksa Station has no longer serves all local train trips operating in the Banten province.

After undergoing trials since 20 January 2021, on 1 February 2021, Tigaraksa Station was determined to be the starting point of departure for KRL Commuter Lines serving the Tanah Abang–Tigaraksa route.

Tigaraksa
Tigaraksa (Indonesian pronunciation: [t̪iɡaˈrak̚sa]) is a town (kota) and an administrative district (kecamatan) located in the Tangerang Regency of Banten Province on Java (island), Indonesia. The district covers a land area of 55.30 km2 and had 119,245 inhabitants in 2010 and 155,557 inhabitants in 2020; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 170,918 (comprising 86,668 males and 84,250 females). The administrative headquarters of the Regency and of the district are located at the town of Tigaraksa.
Jainism in North Karnataka
Jainism in North Karnataka flourished under the Chalukyas, Kadamba, Rashtrakutas, and Vijayanagara Empire. Imbued with religious feeling, patronage was extended towards the building of Jain temple and it garnered high repute among the people, particularly the ruling classes and the mercantile community; effectively getting treated as the state religion.

Malkheda
Malkheda  originally known as Manyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa, Prakrit: "Mannakheḍa"), and also known as Malkhed, is a town in Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river in Sedam Taluk of Kalaburagi district, around 40 km from Kalaburagi.

The city reached the peak of its prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries, serving as the Imperial capital of the Rashtrakutas and historical heart of Jainism where most Jain present at the time. At Manyakheta, there is a historical fort whose restoration is in progress based on a proposal submitted by HKADB (Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board).
1988 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1988 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University as an independent during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Don Nehlen, the Mountaineers compiled a record of 11–1 with a loss to Notre Dame in the Fiesta Bowl, which decided the national championship. West Virginia played home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia.

Milan Puskar Stadium
Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium is an American football stadium in Morgantown, West Virginia, on the campus of West Virginia University. It opened in 1980 and serves as the home field for the West Virginia Mountaineers football team. On the day the stadium opened, at an opening ceremony, John Denver touched down on the field in a helicopter, performed the song "Take Me Home, Country Roads," and then immediately departed by helicopter. The facility is named for Milan Puskar, a Morgantown resident and founder of Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. who donated $20 million to the university in 2004. The playing surface retains the stadium's original name of Mountaineer Field, which was also the name of WVU's previous football stadium. The stadium’s design was inspired by Jack Trice Stadium, which opened a few years earlier at Iowa State University.
Allysine
Allysine is a derivative of lysine that features a formyl group in place of the terminal amine.  The free amino acid does not exist, but the allysine residue does.  It is produced by aerobic oxidation of lysine residues by the enzyme lysyl oxidase.  The transformation is an example of a post-translational modification.  The semialdehyde form exists in equilibrium with a cyclic derivative.

Semialdehyde
In organic chemistry, a semialdehyde is a compound containing an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid functional groups. Semialdehydes are common in biochemistry.  The simplest semialdehydes have the formula HO2C(CH2)nCHO.  As illustrated by the behavior of the smallest member, glyoxylic acid, semialdehydes often exist as hydrates (geminal diols) HO2C(CH2)nCH(OH)2.

Some of semialdehydes and their parent dicarboxylic acids are listed below.

Although structurally related to semialdehydes, dicarboxylic acids are rarely biochemical precursors to them.
Brian Lehrer
Brian Lehrer (born October 5, 1952) is an American radio talk show host on New York City's public radio station WNYC. His daily two-hour 2007 Peabody Award-winning program, The Brian Lehrer Show, features interviews with newsmakers and experts about current events and social issues. Lehrer was formerly an anchor and reporter for NBC Radio Networks and has been in broadcast journalism for over 30 years.

New York Emmy Awards
The New York Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences honoring those in television and advanced media in the tri-state New York-New Jersey-Connecticut and New York State. The division was founded in 1955 and in addition to granting the New York Emmy Awards, the chapter also recognizes awards scholarships, honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration, has a free research and a nationwide job bank. The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels.
XXV (Vader album)
XXV is the 25th-anniversary studio album by Polish death metal band Vader, released in 2008 by Regain Records. The album is a collection of re-recorded songs from earlier Vader albums, from The Ultimate Incantation up to The Beast. The special edition includes three bonus tracks and a bonus third DVD, with an old and rare live VHS containing footage from throughout the band's career. XXV was recorded between July 2007 and March 2008 at Hertz Studio in Białystok, Poland and produced by  Wojtek and Sławek Wiesławscy. The album is the last Vader release that features guitarist Maurycy "Mauser" Stefanowicz and drummer Dariusz "Daray" Brzozowski, and the only studio recording with bassist Marcin "Novy" Nowak.

The release was preceded by the single "v.666", issued on 15 January 2008. A music video was shot for the song "Carnal", directed by Carlos Abysmo.

The Ultimate Incantation
The Ultimate Incantation is the debut studio album by Polish death metal band Vader. It was released in 1992 by Earache Records. A music video was shot for the song "Dark Age", which was directed by Kimmo Kuusniemi and Tanja Katinka.
NGC 1964
NGC 1964 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Lepus. The galaxy lies 65 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1964 is approximately 150,000 light years across. At its center lies a supermassive black hole, with estimated mass 2.5 × 107 M☉. The galaxy features two tightly wound inner spiral arms within a disk with high surface brightness and two outer, more open spiral arms that originate near the inner ring. The outer arms feature few small HII regions.

NGC 1964 is the main galaxy in a group of galaxies, known as the NGC 1964 group, which also includes the galaxies NGC 1979, IC 2130 and IC 2137.

Supernova SN 2021jad (Type Ia, mag. 12.9) was discovered in this galaxy in April 2021.

Lepus (constellation)
Lepus is a constellation lying just south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare. It is located below—immediately south—of Orion (the hunter), and is sometimes represented as a hare being chased by Orion or by Orion's hunting dogs.

Although the hare does not represent any particular figure in Greek mythology, Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
Barnard's test
In statistics, Barnard’s test is an exact test used in the analysis of  2 × 2  contingency tables with one margin fixed. Barnard’s tests are really a class of hypothesis tests, also known as unconditional exact tests for two independent binomials. These tests examine the association of two categorical variables and are often a more powerful alternative than Fisher's exact test for  2 × 2  contingency tables. While first published in 1945 by G.A. Barnard, the test did not gain popularity due to the computational difficulty of calculating the p value and Fisher’s specious disapproval. Nowadays, even for sample sizes n ~ 1 million, computers can often implement Barnard’s test in a few seconds or less.

Hypergeometric distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of  successes (random draws for which the object drawn has a specified feature) in  draws, without replacement, from a finite population of size  that contains exactly  objects with that feature, where in each draw is either a success or a failure. In contrast, the binomial distribution describes the probability of  successes in  draws with replacement.
2005–06 Australian Athletics Championships
The 2005–06 Australian Athletics Championships was the 84th edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Australia. It was held from 2–5 February 2006 at the Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre in Sydney. It served as a selection meeting for Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Australian Athletics Championships
The Australian Athletics Championships or Australian Open Track and Field Championships are held annually to determine Australia's champion athletes in a range of athletics events.  The championships are the primary qualification trial for athletes wishing to compete at the Olympic Games, Commonwealth Games or World Championships. The event is conducted by Australian Athletics.

The 2023 Australian Championships were the 100th edition of the event, which dates back to 1890 for men, and 1931 for women. These championships has been held in all states of Australia, with the Queensland Sport & Athletics Centre being the venue that has held the most editions of the event (12).

Initially, men’s and women’s events were held separately, in different places, until the Olympic selections of 1972 and 1976, and as a single event since 1978.

These championships are considered open: athletes from other countries such as New Zealand and the USA have competed in and won events.
José Sá
José Pedro Malheiro de Sá (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ sa]; born 17 January 1993) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers and the Portugal national team.

He started his career with Marítimo B, making his debut with the first team in 2013, before signing for FC Porto in 2016. Sá was loaned for one year to Super League Greece side Olympiacos in 2018, in a deal which was made permanent at the end of the season. With Olympiacos, he won two Super League Greece titles and the Greek Cup, including a domestic double in 2020. In 2021, he signed with Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Sá is a former Portuguese under-21 international, reaching the European Championship final in 2015. He was part of the full squad that finished third at the 2017 Confederations Cup and won the 2019 UEFA Nations League Finals on home soil, and was also chosen for the 2022 World Cup. The following year, he made his senior international debut.

2020–21 Super League Greece
The 2020–21 Super League Greece was the 85th season of the Super League Greece, the top Greek professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1959. Olympiacos were the defending champions.
Amba Aradam Formation
The Amba Aradam Formation is a Cretaceous sandstone formation in Ethiopia. It is up to 200 metres thick, for instance in the Degua Tembien district. As fossils are absent, the age of the Amba Aradam Formation was interpreted based on the age of assumed corresponding sandstones elsewhere in Ethiopia: the Debre Libanos Sandstones in the Blue Nile Basin, and the Upper Sandstone near Harrar in southeast Ethiopia, both of Late Cretaceous age (100–66 million years ago). The lithology of the Amba Aradam Formation makes it less suitable for rock church excavation; caves have however been blasted in this formation to serve as headquarters for the TPLF during the Ethiopian Civil War of the 1980s.

Trap rock
Trap rock, also known as either trapp or trap, is any dark-colored, fine-grained, non-granitic intrusive or extrusive igneous rock. Types of trap rock include basalt, peridotite, diabase, and gabbro. Trap is also used to refer to flood (plateau) basalts, such as the Deccan Traps and Siberian Traps. The erosion of trap rock created by the stacking of successive lava flows often creates a distinct stairstep landscape from which the term trap was derived from the Swedish word trappa, which means "stairs".

The slow cooling of magma either as a sill or as a thick lava flow sometimes creates systematic vertical fractures within the resulting layer of trap rock. These fractures often form rock columns that are typically hexagonal but could be four- to eight-sided.
2010 UEFA Europa League final
The 2010 UEFA Europa League final was the final match of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, the first season of the revamped European football competition formerly known as the UEFA Cup. Played at the Volksparkstadion in Hamburg, Germany, on 12 May 2010, the match was won by Spain's Atlético Madrid, who, after extra time, beat England's Fulham 2–1.

The win gave Atlético their second major European title, following the 1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup. Having beaten defending champions Shakhtar Donetsk on the way, Fulham were playing in their first final in only their second season of European football, and their second major final overall in the club's history.

As the winners, Atlético qualified automatically for the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. They also played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup in Monaco on 27 August 2010, where they took on Italy's Inter Milan, the winners of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League; Atlético won 2–0.

2009–10 UEFA Europa League
The 2009–10 UEFA Europa League was the first season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA. The competition was previously known as the UEFA Cup, which had been in existence for 38 years.

Spain's Atlético Madrid won the tournament for the first time, beating Fulham – who were playing in their first European final – at the Volksparkstadion, home ground of Hamburger SV, in Hamburg, Germany.

Shakhtar Donetsk were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual finalists Fulham in the round of 32.
Schur's lemma
In mathematics, Schur's lemma is an elementary but extremely useful statement in representation theory of groups and algebras. In the group case it says that if M and N are two finite-dimensional irreducible representations  
of a group G and φ is a linear map from M to N that commutes with the action of the group, then either φ is invertible, or φ = 0. An important special case occurs when M = N, i.e. φ is a self-map; in particular, for representations  over an algebraically closed field (e.g. ), any element of the center of a group must act as a scalar operator (a scalar multiple of the identity) on M. The lemma is named after Issai Schur who used it to prove the Schur orthogonality relations and develop the basics of the representation theory of finite groups. Schur's lemma admits generalisations to Lie groups and Lie algebras, the most common of which are due to Jacques Dixmier and Daniel Quillen.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
2018 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2018 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Bratislava, Slovakia from 16 to 19 August 2018 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA) at the Čunovo Water Sports Centre. It was the 20th edition of the competition for Juniors (U18) and the 16th edition for the Under 23 category. A total of 16 medal events took place, 8 in each of the two age categories. In addition, there were two exhibition events. One in the discontinued men's C2 category and the other in the mixed C2. The senior Freestyle European Championships were held as part of the same event.

European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships is an annual international canoeing and kayaking event organized by the European Canoe Association (ECA). The Junior Championships were first held in 1995 and then every two years until 2003. The Under-23 Championships were first held in 2002 as part of the senior championships that year. Since 2004 the junior and U23 age categories are held annually together as part of the same event. Athletes under the age of 18 are eligible for the junior category.