hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ship of State
The Ship of State is an ancient and oft-cited metaphor, famously expounded by Plato in the Republic (Book 6, 488a–489d), which likens the governance of a city-state to the command of a vessel. Plato expands the established metaphor and ultimately argues that the only people fit to be captain of the ship (Ancient Greek: ναῦς) are philosopher kings, benevolent men with absolute power who have access to the Form of the Good. The origins of the metaphor can be traced back to the lyric poet Alcaeus (fragments 6, 208, 249), and it is also found in Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes, Sophocles' Antigone and Aristophanes' Wasps before Plato. 
During the Renaissance, Sebastian Brant amplified and reworked Plato's text in a satirical book called Ship of Fools (Das Narrenschiff, 1494) which was translated soon in Latin, French and English.

Form of the Good
The Form of the Good or simply the Good, more literally translated as "the Idea of the Good" (Ancient Greek: ἡ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἰδέα), is a concept in the philosophy of Plato. In Plato's Theory of Forms, Forms are abstract ideals that embody the essential qualities of concepts, giving meaning and intelligibility to other objects, such as those in the physical world.

The Good is the fundamental Form that underpins the system of Forms itself by making them meaningful and intelligible in turn, which Plato explains using the Analogy of the Sun: just as the Sun gives life to the world and natural light for the eye to see it, the Good gives essence to the Forms and a way for the mind to perceive them.
Arrondissements of the Finistère department
The 4 arrondissements of the Finistère department are:

Arrondissement of Brest, (subprefecture: Brest) with 77 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 381,226 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Châteaulin, (subprefecture: Châteaulin) with 57 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 81,081 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Morlaix, (subprefecture: Morlaix) with 59 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 129,938 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Quimper, (prefecture of the Finistère department: Quimper) with 84 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 329,393 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Châteaulin
The arrondissement of Châteaulin is an arrondissement of France in the Finistère department in the Brittany region. It has 57 communes. Its population is 81,081 (2021), and its area is 1,756.6 km2 (678.2 sq mi).
Miketz
Miketz or Mikeitz (מִקֵּץ‎—Hebrew for "at the end," the second word and first distinctive word of the parashah) is the tenth weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. It constitutes Genesis 41:1–44:17. The parashah tells of Joseph's interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams, Joseph's rise to power in Egypt, and Joseph's testing of his brothers.

The parashah has the most letters (although not the most words or verses) of any of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Genesis. It is made up of 7,914 Hebrew letters, 2,022 Hebrew words, 146 verses, and 255 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). (In the Book of Genesis, Parashat Vayeira has the most words, and Parashiyot Noach and Vayishlach have the most verses.) Jews read Parashat Miketz on the tenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in December, or rarely in late November or early January, usually during Chanukah.

James H. Charlesworth
James Hamilton Charlesworth (born May 30, 1940) is an American academic who served as the George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature until January 17, 2019, and Director of the Dead Sea Scrolls Project at the Princeton Theological Seminary. His research interests include the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Josephus, the Historical Jesus, the Gospel of John, and the Book of Revelation.
Axiom of equity
The axiom of equity was proposed by Samuel Clarke, an English philosopher, in the spirit of the ethic of reciprocity.

In his book A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth and Certainty of the Christian Revelation, Clarke wrote:

Whatever I judge reasonable or unreasonable for another to do to me; that, by the same judgment, I declare reasonable or unreasonable, that I in the like case should do for him.

Hastings Rashdall, in his 1907 book The Theory of Good and Evil, restated the axiom as:

One man's good is of as much intrinsic worth as the like good of another.

Golden Rule
The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that one should reciprocate to others how one would like them to treat the person (not necessarily how they actually treat them). Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages.

The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct:

Treat others as one would like others to treat them (positive or directive form)

Do not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form)

What one wishes upon others, they wish upon themselves (empathetic or responsive form)
Vinicius Queiroz
Vinicius Kappke de Queiroz (born August 29, 1983) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Heavyweight division of Bellator. A professional competitor since 2003, he has also competed for the UFC.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
Baseball in Nicaragua
Baseball is the national game of Nicaragua, it is the most popular sport in the country. Nicaragua has a professional baseball league, the Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League, consisting of five teams, playing in the winter, and a semiprofessional league, the Germán Pomares Championship, playing in spring and summer. The national baseball team has been successful in the past, mainly throughout the 1970s. Nicaragua and near-by Panama are two countries who have baseball as their national sport, rather than soccer, the national sport of many Central American countries.

Baseball awards
Professional baseball leagues, amateur-baseball organizations, sportswriting associations, and other groups confer awards on various baseball teams, players, managers, coaches, executives, broadcasters, writers, and other baseball-related people for excellence in achievement, sportsmanship, and community involvement.
Rayadillo
Rayadillo (transl. striped material) is a blue-and-white striped cotton or flannel material that was used to make the military uniforms worn by Spanish colonial soldiers from the later 19th century until the early 20th century. It was commonly worn by soldiers posted in overseas Spanish tropical colonies, Spanish Morocco and Spanish Guinea, before being adopted as a summer uniform by units stationed in Spain itself.

Pith helmet
The pith helmet, also known as the safari helmet, salacot, sola topee, sun helmet, topee, and topi, is a lightweight cloth-covered helmet made of sholapith. The pith helmet originates from the Spanish military adaptation of the native salakot headgear of the Philippines.

It was often worn by European travellers and explorers in the varying climates found in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the tropics, but it was also used in many other contexts. It was routinely issued to colonial military personnel serving in warmer climates from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The headdress remains in use in several military services in the 21st century.
2012 Citi Open – Women's singles
Nadia Petrova was the defending champion, but opted to play at the London Summer Olympics instead.
Magdaléna Rybáriková won the title, defeating top seed Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 6–1, 6–1, in the final.

Aravane Rezaï
Aravane Rezaï (French: [aʁavan ʁɛza.i]; Persian: ارغوان رضایی Arghavān-e Rezāyi pronounced [æɾɣævɒːn(-e) ɾezɒːjiː], born 14 March 1987) is an Iranian–French professional former tennis player. Her career-high ranking is world No. 15, achieved on 11 October 2010.
2018–19 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens women's basketball team represented the University of Delaware during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Fightin' Blue Hens, led by second-year head coach Natasha Adair, played their home games at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark, Delaware and were members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). They finished the season 16–15, 11–7 CAA play, to finish in a three-way tie for third place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the CAA women's tournament to Towson.

2019 CAA women's basketball tournament
The 2019 Colonial Athletic Association women's basketball tournament is the upcoming postseason women's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) for the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The tournament will be held March 13–16, 2019 at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark, Delaware. The champion will receive the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Towson won the conference tournament championship game over Drexel, 53–49 to send Towson to their first ever NCAA tournament.
Society of the Holy Cross (Korea)
The Society of the Holy Cross (SHC) is an order of women religious (or nuns) in the Anglican Church of Korea.  It is not to be confused with the Society of the Holy Cross, SSC (Societas Sanctae Crucis), which is an international order of Anglo-Catholic priests within the Anglican tradition.

Anglo-Catholicism
Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage, especially pre-Reformation roots, of the Church of England and other churches within Anglicanism. Anglo-Catholicism claims to restore liturgical and devotional expressions of church life that reflect the ancient practices of the early and medieval church.

The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic heritage of Anglicanism already existed. Particularly influential in the history of Anglo-Catholicism were the Caroline Divines of the 17th century, the Jacobite Nonjuring schism of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Oxford Movement, which began at the University of Oxford in 1833 and ushered in a period of Anglican history known as the "Catholic Revival".
Egyptian Handball Federation
The Egyptian Handball Federation (EHF) (Arabic: اتحاد كرة اليد المصري) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Egypt. EHF was founded in 1957, joined the International Handball Federation in 1960, and the African Handball Confederation in 1973. EHF is also affiliated to the Egyptian Olympic Committee. It is based in Cairo.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
1982 Independence Bowl
The 1982 Independence Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the Wisconsin Badgers and the Kansas State Wildcats at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana on December 11, 1982. The game was the final contest of the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 14–3 victory for the Badgers.

The contest was the first college football game televised live by ESPN, and it was Wisconsin's first bowl victory. The national anthem was performed by the Centenary College Choir.  At kickoff, field temperature was 32 °F (0 °C) with freezing rain falling.

Independence Stadium (Shreveport)
Independence Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. Formerly known as State Fair Stadium and Fairgrounds Stadium, the municipally owned stadium is the site of the annual Independence Bowl post-season college football game, first held in 1976 as the Bicentennial Bowl. It was also the home venue of the Shreveport Steamer of the short-lived World Football League from 1974 to 1975 and the Shreveport Pirates of the Canadian Football League from 1994 to 1995.

The stadium is also host to numerous high school football games and soccer matches, since many schools in Shreveport lack an on-campus facility. Independence Stadium also hosted the LHSAA state football championship games in 2005 after the Louisiana Superdome suffered heavy damage from Hurricane Katrina. The stadium also hosts concerts and other events.
Giovanna d'Acquapendente
Giovanna d'Acquapendente was a 15th-century noblewoman from the Kingdom of Naples. She was known as 'la Colombina' and was the lover of Francesco I Sforza for the seventeen years between the death of his first wife Polissena Ruffo (1420) and his second marriage to Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of Filippo Maria Visconti (1441). Visconti took Francesco's illegitimate children under her wing after the marriage.

Giovanna lived at the castle in Fermo with her children until Francesco was made lord of the March of Ancona. From then on she lived with her children in the castles at Abbiategrasso, Lodi, Melegnano, Pavia and Binasco, taking part in hunts, banquets and processions.

Polissena Ruffo
Polissena Ruffo (1400 Cariati - 17 July 1420) was a princess of Calabria. Princess of Rossano, countess of Corigliano and Montalto was the daughter of Carlo Ruffo di Montalto and Ceccarella Sanseverino.

She married Francesco Sforza (founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan) in 1418 as his first wife. In 1420, they had a daughter, Antonia Polissena, but Polissena died in childbirth and the baby girl also died shortly after.
Dovera
Dovera (Cremasco: Duéra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Dovera borders the following municipalities: Boffalora d'Adda, Corte Palasio, Crespiatica, Lodi, Monte Cremasco, Pandino, Spino d'Adda.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Social media age verification laws in the United States
In the United States, age verification laws for social media are ostensibly designed to limit young people's access to content deemed problematic such as pornography and to reduce the negative impact of social media on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents.

The purpose and effects of such laws are highly contested. Critics say that these laws suppress free speech by removing online anonymity. They have also stated the laws undermine safety, even for children, by increasing the exposure of user data to breaches, many sites require government IDs and biometric data (such as photographs), often transmitted or secured insecurely and without encryption. They also note that the measures are easily circumvented with VPNs, prompting some states such as Michigan and Wisconsin to propose legislation banning VPNs.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Elite One Championship 2006–2007
The 2006/07 season was the fourth year of the Elite One Championship, the top-level rugby league French Championship. The season commenced on 6 October 2006. Like the previous season, there were 11 teams with one team missing a round each week. A total of 22 rounds were played, with the last finishing on 18 April 2007, before the top four Pia XIII, Toulouse Olympique, Lézignan Sangliers and Saint-Gaudens Bears progressed to the play-offs. Pia XIII beat Lézignan Sangliers in the Grand Final 20-16 which was played at Colomiers. That win completed a double for Pia XIII as they had already lifted the Lord Derby Cup beating AS Carcassonne 30-14. Lyon Villeurbanne XIII finished bottom, finishing with 23 points but it was  Villefranche XIII Aveyron who'd finished 9th who were relegated to the Elite Two Championship, replaced by RC Albi.

Elite 2 (rugby league)
Elite 2 (formerly the Elite Two Championship) is the second tier semi-professional rugby league competition in France below Super XIII, but above the National Division 1. The regular season runs from September/October to April. The clubs play each other home and away before entering into a series of play-off matches resulting in a Grand Final. The winners can gain promotion to Super XIII providing they meet a minimum criteria. Occasionally the runners-up could be offered promotion. Promotion to Elite 2 from the National Divisions is also based on similar criteria.
Hitchhiker 2
Hitchhiker 2 (or P-11 4202, P-11 AS and OPS 3316) was a satellite launched by U.S. Air Force. It was launched with the aim of studying and measuring cosmic radiation. The satellite was the second successful satellite of the P-11 program, following the failure of the first Hitchhiker satellite in March 1963. It was launched on October 29, 1963 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on a Thor-Agena launch vehicle.

On May 23, 1965, the satellite re-entered the Earth's atmosphere.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Piraeus-Perama light railway
The Piraeus-Perama light railway (Greek: Τραμ Περάματος) was a standard gauge suburban light railway line in Greece which connected Piraeus with Perama and Salamis Naval Base. The line was owned by the Hellenic Electric Railways private company and operated from 1936 to 1977.

Hellenic Electric Railways
The Hellenic Electric Railways (Greek: Ελληνικοί Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι, romanized: Ellinikoi Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi, ΕΗΣ) was a private owned company member of British company "Power and Traction Company Ltd" which operated and extended the present Line 1 of the Athens Metro, from 14 April 1926 to 31 December 1975.

The company was nationalised and replaced by the Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, on 1 January 1976: that company was later absorbed by STASY on 17 June 2011.
1983 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1983 UCI Road World Championships was the 50th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 4 September 1983 in Altenrhein, Switzerland, over a distance of 269.89 km (167.7 mi). The race was won by Greg LeMond of the United States.

117 riders started, there were 46 classified finishers, and the winner's average speed was 38.31 km/h (23.80 mph).

UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The UCI Road World Championships Elite Men's Road Race is a one-day event for professional cyclists that takes place annually. The winner is considered the World Cycling Champion (or World Road Cycling Champion) and earns the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in road race or stage events. The event is a single mass start road race with the winner being the first across the line at the completion of the full race distance. The road race is contested by riders organized by national cycling teams as opposed to commercially sponsored trade teams, which is the standard in professional cycling.
1989 Singapore Open (badminton)
The 1989 Singapore Open, also known as the Konica Cup - The Invitational Asian Badminton Championships, took place from 21 ~ 26 February 1989 at the Singapore Badminton Hall in Singapore. It was the third and final edition of this event before it returned to the open invitation format of 1973. This was also the last time that the tournament was held at the Singapore Badminton Hall before the organiser move the event to the newly built Singapore Indoor Stadium at Kallang in 1990. The total prize money on offer was US$42,000.

Singapore Open (badminton)
The Singapore Open is a badminton event held annually in Singapore since 1929. Since 2023, the Badminton World Federation (BWF) categorised the Singapore Open as one of the six BWF World Tour Super 750 events within its tournament structure.

In 1929, the Singapore Badminton Association (SBA) was formed to promote the sport and organize competitions. The first official annual open championships were held in the same year and the best players were selected to represent Singapore in regional tournaments. In 1957, it became an open invitation championship and was held annually until 1973.

In 1987–1989, the tournament was known as the Konica Cup, an invitation-only championship for Asian players, and in 1990, it joined the International Badminton Federation Grand Prix circuit for the first time. In 2007, the Singapore Open became part of the BWF Super Series. In 2018, it was designated as a Super 500 event. In 2023, it was further upgraded into a Super 750 event.