hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia
The Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, commonly abbreviated as CGPCS, is an ad-hoc formed international governance mechanism (International Contact Group) established in New York on January 14, 2009, to facilitate the discussion and coordination of actions among states and organizations to suppress Somali piracy.

The CGPCS was established in response to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1851 (2008), later recalled and replaced with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1918 (2010). To date, more than 60 countries and international organizations have become part of this forum, all of which are working towards the prevention of piracy off the Somali coast.

Piracy off the coast of Somalia
Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, and Indian Ocean, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding places and has a long troubled history with different perspectives from different communities. It was initially a threat to international fishing vessels during the early 2000s, only to rapidly escalate and expand to international shipping during the War in Somalia (2006–2009). The escalation of conflict between local Somali fishermen and foreign vessels occurred in a context where Somalia is estimated to lose approximately $300 million annually since 1991 due to the unauthorized extraction of marine resources using harmful methods, such as dynamite fishing, which is prohibited in a number of other regions.
Buovo d'Antona (Traetta)
Buovo d'Antona is an Italian-language dramma giocoso opera in three acts by Tommaso Traetta, on a libretto by Carlo Goldoni based on the Bevis of Hampton chivalric tale, which premiered at the Teatro San Moisè, Venice on 27 December 1758. The opera was well received and staged in Bologna, Turin, Verona, Palma, Barcelona, Seville and finally Dresden in 1772. Antonio Zatta's Venetian edition of Goldoni's plays (1788–95) gives "1750" as the date for a Florence premiere of the opera, but this is now thought to be a mistake.

Bevis of Hampton
Bevis of Hampton (Old French: Beuve(s) or Bueve or Beavis de Hanton(n)e; Anglo-Norman: Boeve de Haumtone; Italian: Buovo d'Antona) or Sir Bevois was a legendary English hero and the subject of Anglo-Norman, Dutch, French, English, Venetian, and other medieval metrical chivalric romances that bear his name. The tale also exists in medieval prose, with translations to Romanian, Russian, Dutch, Irish, Welsh, Old Norse and Yiddish.
Carry On My Way
Carry On My Way is Japanese J-pop girlband Speed's third and final album following their first album, Starting Over, and their second album, Rise. This album was released on December 22, 1999. It contains hit singles such as "Precious Time", "Breakin' Out to the Morning" and "Long Way Home". The album sold 1.5 million copies and successfully hit the top position of the Oricon chart in the first week of the millennium (2000).

Starting Over (Speed album)
Starting Over Is Japanese J-pop girlband Speed's debut studio album released on May 21, 1997. It contains three singles: "Body & Soul", "Steady" and "Go! Go! Heaven" respectively. The album was hugely successful entering the Oricon Albums Charts weekly charts at number 1 for three consecutive weeks.
Black Knights' Tango
The Black Knights' Tango (also known as the Mexican Defense, Two Knights' Tango or Kevitz–Trajkovic Defense) is a chess opening beginning with the moves:

1. d4 Nf6

2. c4 Nc6

This position can also be reached by transposition, for example 1.c4 Nf6, 1.d4 Nc6, or 1.c4 Nc6.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Londonderry (Assembly constituency)
54°55′19″N 6°57′11″W﻿ / ﻿54.922°N 6.953°W﻿ / 54.922; -6.953

Londonderry was a constituency used for the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973.  Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention and the 1982 Assembly.  After the Assembly dissolved in 1986, the constituency was not used again, its area being represented by parts of East Londonderry, Foyle and Mid Ulster.

It usually shared boundaries with the Londonderry UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency).

Northern Ireland Assembly (1982)
The Northern Ireland Assembly established in 1982 represented an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to restore the devolution to Northern Ireland which had been suspended 10 years previously.  The Assembly was dissolved in 1986.
Flemington Road Cemetery
Flemington Road Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Flemington Road, Bowen, Whitsunday Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1878 to 1954. It is also known as Bowen Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 23 July 1999.

Shire of Bowen
The Shire of Bowen was a local government area in the North Queensland region of Queensland, Australia. The shire, administered from the town of Bowen, covered an area of 21,184.4 square kilometres (8,179.3 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shire of Whitsunday to form the Whitsunday Region.

The Shire's economy was based on tropical agriculture, fishing, tourism and coal mining.
Boston-Maine Airways
Boston-Maine Airways was an American airline headquartered in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. It operated scheduled commuter turboprop services as well as Boeing 727-200 jet flights under the Pan Am Clipper Connection name. Its main base was Pease International Airport.  Boston-Maine Airways ceased
all Pan Am flights on February 29, 2008.

Elmira, New York
Elmira (/ɛlˈmaɪrə/) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira.  It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.
Ambrysus amargosus
Ambrysus amargosus, the Ash Meadows naucorid,  is a small insect of the Naucoridae family. They were first identified by Ira La Rivers in 1953. They live in the waters of Point of Rocks Springs, in the east-central region of Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in Nye County, Nevada. Because of changes to their habitat, this species lives only in a few small stream channels. Scientific over-collection and introduced predatory fish are the main threats to these insects. They are the first species to be listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). They are also currently protected under the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR)

Naucoridae
Naucoridae is a small family of insects commonly known as the creeping water bugs and saucer bugs. They are similar in appearance and behavior to Belostomatidae (giant water bugs), but considerably smaller, at 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) long. Naucoridae are found around the world, but the greatest diversity is in tropical regions. They inhabit a wide range of freshwater habitats, ranging from still waters like ponds, to flowing rivers and even torrential streams. There are eight subfamilies containing about 400 species in 46 genera. One of these subfamilies is Pelocoris, and the species within this group are usually found in ponds or quiet bodies of water. They are predators that feed on other small invertebrates.

They were formerly united in a superfamily Naucoroidea with the Aphelocheiridae and Potamocoridae, but these are now in their own superfamily (Aphelocheiroidea) and the Naucoroidea are monotypic.
Kanran
Kanran, or Karan, was an Alaafin of the Oyo Empire, who was preceded Odarawu. His reign was short and tyrannical and he was overthrown by the Oyo Mesi.

He was considered a fierce and tempestuous leader, and is said to have subjected his subjects to severe punishments. He inspired the Oyo proverb, 'O nika ninu ju Karan lo' ('He is more cruel than Karan').

As a result of his propensity to harm his own people, a plot to terminate him or get him to abdicate the throne was entered into by his nobles. He was rejected by the Oyo Mesi (the principal counselors of the state) but defied the subsequent order to commit suicide. When the army entered his city to depose him, Kanran reportedly climbed onto the roof of his palace and shot arrows at them until the building was set on fire.

He was succeeded by his son Jayin.

Odarawu
Ódárawu was an Aláàfin of the Oyo Empire, who ruled briefly during the seventeenth century. He was the first Aláàfin recorded to be dethroned by the Oyo Mesi

Ódárawu was the son of Àjàgbó and ruled for a short period of time. He was considered a man of bad temperament. According to Oyo legend his bad temper led him to being removed as king and also served as a warning and lesson to future kings on character development.

Before Ódárawu was crowned, he was a great trader. In the market of Ojo-Sẹgi he expected a discount for being a royal and did not pay the full sum for his purchase. The trader, not knowing he was a royal, accused him of being a thief and slapped him. After he ascended the throne he ordered the destruction of Ojo-Sẹgi. This was seen as tyrannical and he was therefore dethroned and killed by the Oyo Mesi through ritual suicide.
Taras Mykhalyk
Taras Volodymyrovych Mykhalyk (Ukrainian: Тарас Володимирович Михалик; born 28 October 1983) is a retired Ukrainian footballer who played as a centre-back. He is a versatile player, having professionally played at every position except goalkeeper.

Ukrainian Super Cup
The Ukrainian Super Cup (Ukrainian: Суперкубок України) is an association football game of the Ukrainian Premier League in traditional super cup format that acts as the grand-opening for every new football competition season in Ukraine. Originally it was set as a contest between the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup. From 2008 through 2014, it was branded as the Inter Super Cup of Ukraine, in 2017 – Super Cup Fokstrot.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the competition is currently suspended.
Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman
Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman (transl. Raju became a Gentleman) is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama film directed by Aziz Mirza starring Shah Rukh Khan, Amrita Singh, Juhi Chawla and Nana Patekar. Khan plays Raju, a young Diploma Holder in Civil Engineering from Darjeeling who comes to Bombay hoping to become a successful engineer. The film emerged as a commercial success. The movie plot is loosely inspired by the 1987 movie The Secret of My Success, Shree 420 (1955) and Anari (1959).

At the 38th Filmfare Awards, Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman won Best Screenplay (Mirza and Lalwani), in addition to a Best Supporting Actor nomination for Patekar.

Anari (1959 film)
Anari is a 1959 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Nutan, Motilal and Lalita Pawar. The music was by Shankar Jaikishan and the lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. This was among the few films in which Lalita Pawar played a positive role and Motilal a role with shades of grey. The film was remade in Tamil as Pasamum Nesamum (1964) and in Turkish as Derbeder (1960), Enayi (1974).

It became the highest-grossing film of 1959 with Box Office India declaring it "Super Hit".
What Grabs Ya?
What Grabs Ya? is the second studio album by Belgian rock band Triggerfinger, released on 25 February 2008 through Excelsior Recordings. Following 2004's Triggerfinger, the album managed to increase the band's popularity, but not enough for the band to break through in Belgium and the Netherlands.

On 11 July 2009, the album was re-issued, with additional songs.

Triggerfinger (album)
Triggerfinger is the self-titled debut album of Belgian rock band Triggerfinger. Released on 26 January 2004 via Green L.F.ant Records, the album features the singles "Inner Peace" and "Camaro", the latter of which features guitar riffs based on the song Kashmir by English rock band Led Zeppelin.
Feminist theory
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, political theory, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy.

Feminist theory often focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics.

Objectification
In social philosophy, objectification is the act of treating a person as an object or a thing.  Sexual objectification, the act of treating a person as a mere object of sexual desire, is a subset of objectification, as is self-objectification, the objectification of one's self. In Marxism, the objectification of social relationships is discussed as "reification".
National Freeway 2
National Freeway 2 (Chinese: 國道二號) is a connector freeway in Taiwan that traverses the special municipalities of Taoyuan City and New Taipei City. The freeway begins at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Dayuan District, Taoyuan City, traveling in a northwest–southeast direction along northern Taoyuan City and ends in Yingge at the junction with National Freeway 3. It is 20.4 km (12.7 mi) long.

The freeway was initially signed as National Freeway 1A (Chinese: 國道一甲) from 1980 to 1997 before the highway was extended to its current eastern terminus in Yingge.

Luzhu District, Taoyuan
Luzhu District (Chinese: 蘆竹區; pinyin: Lúzhú Qū) is a district in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, home to 165,914 people.

The downtown district, known as Nankan, is now a high density, high-rise suburb for many who work in Taipei and Taoyuan City. The first opened shopping center in Taiwan, Taimall, located in Nankan, is a weekend destination for many Taoyuan regional residents. Taimall is located around 2 km (1.2 mi) north-northwest of the Nankan interchange, 25°03′15″N 121°17′18″E﻿ / ﻿25.054083°N 121.288389°E﻿ / 25.054083; 121.288389, on National Freeway 1.
Referendums by country
A referendum (in some countries synonymous with plebiscite, or a vote on a ballot question) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This article summarises referendum laws and practice in various countries.

1980 Quebec referendum
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. The referendum was called by Quebec's Parti Québécois (PQ) government, which advocated secession from Canada.

The province-wide referendum took place on May 20, and the proposal to pursue secession was defeated by a 59.56 percent to 40.44 percent margin.

A second referendum on sovereignty, which was held in 1995, also rejected pursuing secession, albeit by a much smaller margin (50.58% to 49.42%).
Dalham
Dalham is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. The name, meaning 'homestead/village in a valley' is of Old English origin and first recorded in the Domesday Book.

Dalham is 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of the town of Bury St Edmunds and, at the 2001 census, had a population of 191,. increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. The Icknield Way Path passes through the village on its 110-mile journey from Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire to Knettishall Heath in Suffolk. The Icknield Way Trail, a multi-user route for walkers, horse riders and off-road cyclists also passes through the village.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Province of 24 Szepes Towns
The Province of 24 Szepes Towns, also known as the Union of 24 Szepes Towns, and until c. 1344, as the Community of Szepesian Saxons, and the Province of Szepesian Saxons, was a seat, an autonomous administrative division, within Szepes County, Kingdom of Hungary. It existed from 1271 to 1412. On 8 November 1412, with the Spiš Pledge, in which Hungary had pledged part of Szepes County to the Kingdom of Poland, with the province was divided into Province of 11 Szepes Towns in Hungary, and Province of 13 Spisz Towns in Poland.

Seat (administrative division)
Seats (Latin: sedes, Hungarian: szék, German: stuhl, Romanian: scaun) were administrative divisions in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. 
The seats were autonomous regions within the Kingdom, and were independent from the feudal county system. Their autonomy was granted in return for the military services they provided to the Hungarian Kings.

The following divisions were at one point Székely seats:

Marosszék

Udvarhelyszék

Csíkszék

Gyergyószék

Bardóc-Miklósvárszék

Sepsiszék

Orbaiszék

Kézdiszék

Aranyosszék

Seats were formed by the:

Székelys

Transylvanian Saxons

Cumans

Jassic people

Ten Lance Bearers

Most seats gave up their autonomous status and military traditions in late medieval times and paid tax instead.
Unified University and College Management System
Unified University and College Management System (UUCMS) is a flagship project initiated by the Department of Higher Education, Government of Karnataka in India. It is the first system of its kind in the country. The state universities and autonomous institutions of Karnataka provide marks cards on DigiLocker using UUCMS.

The UUCMS will centralize and streamline the activities of Higher Education Institutions. It will handle admissions, examinations, degree awarding, class monitoring, lesson plans, and student attendance. Additionally, the system will manage faculty, including performance assessment and promotions.

The UUCMS is a joint effort between the Centre for Smart Governance, Government of Karnataka's Department of E-Governance, and the State Project Monitoring Unit under the Department of Higher Education. The SPMU is responsible for overseeing the project's progress and ensuring that all stakeholders remain connected during the development of UUCMS.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Graveyard of Honor (1975 film)
Graveyard of Honor (Japanese: 仁義の墓場, Hepburn: Jingi no Hakaba) is a 1975 Japanese yakuza film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. Written by Tatsuhiko Kamoi, it adapts Fujita Goro's novel of the same name. It is based on the life of real-life yakuza member Rikio Ishikawa, who is played by Tetsuya Watari. Noboru Ando, who plays Ryunosuke Nozu, was actually a yakuza member before becoming an actor.

Home Vision Entertainment released the movie on DVD in North America in 2004. Takashi Miike directed a remake of it in 2002.

Yakuza film
Yakuza film (Japanese: ヤクザ映画, Hepburn: Yakuza eiga) is a popular film genre in Japanese cinema which focuses on the lives and dealings of yakuza, Japanese organized crime syndicates. In the silent film era, depictions of bakuto (precursors to modern yakuza) as sympathetic Robin Hood-like characters were common.

Two types of yakuza films emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The Nikkatsu studio was known for modern yakuza films inspired by Hollywood gangster films, while Toei was the main producer of what is known as ninkyo eiga (仁侠映画; "chivalry films"). Set in the Meiji and Taishō eras, ninkyo eiga depict honorable outlaws torn between giri (duty) and ninjo (personal feelings).

In contrast to ninkyo eiga, jitsuroku eiga (実録映画; "actual record films") based on real crime stories became popular in the 1970s. These portrayed modern yakuza not as honorable heirs to the samurai code, but as ruthless street thugs living for their own desires.
Yongcheng North railway station
Yongcheng North railway station (Chinese: 永城北站) is a railway station of Zhengzhou–Xuzhou High-Speed Railway in Mangshan Town, Yongcheng, Shangqiu, Henan, China. The station started operation on 10 September 2016, together with the railway.

The station is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Yongcheng downtown, and 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from Mangdang Mountain scenic area.

Yongcheng
Yongcheng (Chinese: 永城; pinyin: Yǒngchéng) is county-level city in Henan province, China, and is the easternmost county-level division of the province, bordering Anhui province on all sides except the northwest and due north. Yongcheng has significant coal deposits and some insignificant magnet deposits. In 2014, Yongcheng was upgraded to a provincially directly administered city.

It is the former site of Shiyuan (柿园), the capital of Han-era Liang. It includes the excavated mausoleum of the fabulously wealthy Liu Wu, prince of Liang, now a museum (柿园汉墓) famed for its murals.

In 2015, thousands of students in Yongcheng 3rd High School (永城三高) led a riot expressing dissatisfaction following the assault of an elderly woman by school staff. They damaged school property and police vehicles before the situation was de-escalated through mediation.