hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Lushington
Thomas Lushington (1590–1661) was a British author and theologian, born in 1590 Sandwich, Kent and baptised in Hawkinge, near Folkestone on 2 September 1590. He was the son of Ingram and Agnes Lushington, and was one of four children.  He is best known for being the tutor to Sir Thomas Browne, author of Religio Medici. However, he is also known for being a controversial preacher, having been later accused of heresy.

Thomas Browne
Sir Thomas Browne (/braʊn/ "brown"; 19 October 1605 – 19 October 1682) was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science, medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a deep curiosity towards the natural world, influenced by the Scientific Revolution of Baconian enquiry and are permeated by references to Classical and Biblical sources as well as the idiosyncrasies of his own personality. Although often described as suffused with melancholia, Browne's writings are also characterised by wit and subtle humour, while his literary style is varied, according to genre, resulting in a rich, unique prose which ranges from rough notebook observations to polished Baroque eloquence.
Deaths in August 2013
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2013.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference.

Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, 9th Duke of Arión
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Larios, 9th Duke of Arión, GE (14 February 1934 – 12 August 2013) was a Spanish sailor. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics, the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer for Spain in the opening ceremony of the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Osborn v. Irwin Memorial Blood Bank
In Osborn v. Irwin Memorial Blood Bank, 5 Cal.App.4th 234 (1992), the Court of Appeals of California considered certain questions pertaining to whether a blood bank could be held liable for negligence or negligent misrepresentation after a patient contracted HIV/AIDS as a result of a blood transfusion.

Blood bank
A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion. The term "blood bank" typically refers to a department of a hospital usually within a clinical pathology laboratory where the storage of blood product occurs and where pre-transfusion and blood compatibility testing is performed. However, it sometimes refers to a collection center, and some hospitals also perform collection. Blood banking includes tasks related to blood collection, processing, testing, separation, and storage.

For blood donation agencies in various countries, see list of blood donation agencies and list of blood donation agencies in the United States.
MyTravel Airways
MyTravel Airways Limited was a British scheduled and charter airline with headquarters in Manchester, England. It operated worldwide holiday charter services mainly for its parent company, the MyTravel Group. The airline merged with Thomas Cook Airlines UK Limited in 2008 and was renamed Thomas Cook Airlines Limited.

The airline was founded in 1990 as Airtours International Airways and was to be the in-house airline for Airtours Holidays, (Going Places Travel Agent). In 1993 they purchased Inter European Airways and the fleet was merged. In 2002 Airtours changed their brand name to MyTravel and therefore Airtours International Airways became MyTravel Airways. During 2007 the MyTravel Group agreed to merge with Thomas Cook AG, and on 30 March 2008, MyTravel Airways was fully integrated into Thomas Cook Airlines.

MyTravel Airways A/S was the Danish sister airline of MyTravel Airways, which was re-branded Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia on 8 May 2008.

Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:

Supervising the issuing of pilots and aircraft engineers licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections (Civil Aviation Flying Unit).

Managing the regulation of security standards, including vetting of all personnel in the aviation industry (Directorate of Aviation Security).

Overseeing the national protection scheme for customers abroad in the event of a travel company failure (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing – ATOL).

Licensing of spaceflight activities in the UK. This includes: Launch, Range Control, Orbital Operators, and Spaceport licence issuing (Space Industry Act 2018).

The CAA is a public corporation of the Department for Transport, liaising with the government via the Standards Group of the Cabinet Office.
Everybody, Sing!
Everybody, Sing! is a Philippine television game show broadcast by Kapamilya Channel. Hosted by Vice Ganda, it aired on the network's Yes Weekend line up from June 5, 2021 to February 11, 2024, replacing the third season of Your Face Sounds Familiar and was replaced by the third season of The Voice Teens.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Michael J. Conrad
Michael John Conrad (July 29, 1933 – January 6, 2023) was a United States Army major general who served as Commanding General, 1st Cavalry Division from 1984 to 1986 and then as Deputy Inspector General of the Army until his retirement in 1988. He graduated from the United States Military Academy with a B.S. degree in military science in 1956. Conrad later earned an M.S. degree in mathematics from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1965.

Conrad served as a battalion commander in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and was awarded two Silver Star Medals, the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Bronze Star Medals, seventeen Air Medals and two Purple Hearts. He has also received the Distinguished Service Medal, two awards of the Legion of Merit and an Army Commendation Medal.

Conrad died in Carmichael, California on January 6, 2023, at the age of 89.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
2024 Irvine elections
The 2024 Irvine elections were held on March 5, 2024, and November 5, 2024. In the March primary, voters approved Measure D, expanding the Irvine City Council from five to seven members and transitioning the city from at-large to by-district elections.

Measure D took effect in time for the November general election, creating four new council districts — three of which would elect representatives to four-year terms, and one short-term seat (District 1) to be contested again in 2026. The mayoralty was also on the ballot.

Municipal elections in California are officially nonpartisan; candidates' party affiliations do not appear on the ballot, but every major candidate was registered with or endorsed by a major political party.

Orchard Hills, Irvine, California
Orchard Hills is a planned community in Irvine, California. It borders Limestone Canyon Regional Park to the northeast, California State Route 241 to the southeast, the Northwood neighborhood to the southwest, and California State Route 261 to the northwest. Orchard Hills is home to the Rattlesnake and Syphon reservoirs.
Howser Spire
Howser Spire, or Howser Spire Massif, is a group of three distinct granite peaks, and the highest mountain of the Canadian Bugaboo Spires. The mountain is located at the southwest corner of the Vowell Glacier, within the Bugaboo mountain range in the Purcell Mountains, a subrange of British Columbia's Columbia Mountains, 
The highest of the three spires is the North Tower at 3,412 m (11,194 ft), the Central Tower the lowest, and the South Tower is slightly lower than the North at 3,292 m (10,801 ft).

Howser Spire is named after the town of Howser on Duncan Lake and Howser Creek.

The first ascent of the North Tower was made in August 1916 by Conrad Kain, Albert MacCarthy, E. MacCarthy, J. Vincent and Henry Frind.

The Beckey-Chouinard/West Buttress route is recognized in the historic climbing text Fifty Classic Climbs of North America and considered a classic around the world.

Duncan River (British Columbia)
The Duncan River is in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. Entering the North Arm of Kootenay Lake, the river is a major tributary of the Kootenay River, which in turn flows into the Columbia River. The Selkirk Mountains lie to the west and the Purcell Mountains to the east.
Feudal aid
Feudal aid is the legal term for one of the financial duties required of a feudal tenant or vassal to his lord. Variations on the feudal aid were collected in England, France, Germany and Italy during the Middle Ages, although the exact circumstances varied.

Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe and elsewhere. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.

In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) is sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.
Mixed Kočevje subdialects
Mixed Kočevje subdialects (Slovene: mešani kočevski govori) is a catch-all category for the Slovene dialects of heterogeneous origin now spoken in the Kočevje region, between Goteniška Gora in the west and the Kočevje Rog Plateau in the east, and spanning as far south as the border with Croatia border. The microdialects are very poorly studied, but they are very close to standard Slovene. The subdialects border the North White Carniolan dialect to the east, South White Carniolan dialect to the southwest, Kostel dialect to the south, Čabranka dialect to the west, and Lower Carniolan dialect to the north. The subdialects are derived from many different dialect bases, but they are currently listed as a special group of subdialects in the Lower Carnolan dialect group.

Tine Logar
Valentin "Tine" Logar (11 February 1916 – December 25, 2002) was a Slovenian historical linguist, dialectologist, and university professor. He was best known for his works on Slovene dialects, published in Slovenska narečja (Slovenian Dialects, 1975) and  Karta slovenskih narečij (Map of Slovenian Dialects, 1983).

He was born in the town of Horjul northwest of Ljubljana and started his scholarly career researching the dialect of his native area. He graduated from the University of Ljubljana in 1940. From 1947 to 1958 he worked at the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, with a hiatus from 1949 to 1950. This interruption occurred at the onset of the Informbiro period, when he was arrested and interned as a political prisoner by the Communist regime in the Goli Otok concentration camp and then served penal labor in the mines of Bosnia.

He died in Ljubljana.
Marcus Stock (rugby league)
Marcus Stock (born 1 May 1996) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row, loose forward and prop for the London Broncos in the Betfred Championship.

He previously played for the Hemel Stags in League 1, the York City Knights in the Championship, and on loan from York at the Coventry Bears in League 1. He also represented the London Padel team with his great friend Lionel Jefferson in 2025.

2023 RFL Championship
The 2023 RFL Championship, (officially known as the Betfred Championship for sponsorship reasons), was a professional rugby league club competition. Fourteen clubs – thirteen from England and one from France – competed to gain promotion to the 2024 Super League, while avoiding relegation to the 2024 League One season.

The seasons comprised 27 rounds in the regular season with the top six teams taking part in the play-offs.

The champions were London Broncos who after finishing fifth in the regular season, won the play-off grand final against  Toulouse Olympique.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Leader's Shield finishing the regular season 12 points ahead of their nearest rivals, Toulouse.

Newcastle Thunder and Keighley Cougars were relegated to League One.
Kākā
The New Zealand kākā (Nestor meridionalis) is a large species of parrot of the family Strigopidae found in New Zealand's native forests across the three main Islands of New Zealand. The species is often known by the abbreviated name kākā, although it shares this name with the recently extinct Norfolk kākā and Chatham kākā. Two subspecies of New Zealand kākā are recognised. It is endangered and has disappeared from much of its former range, though the re-introduction of North Island kākā at Zealandia in Wellington has led to an increasing population of the birds across the city.

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
2012 Tour de Wallonie
The 2012 Tour de Wallonie was the 39th edition of the Tour de Wallonie cycle race and was held on 21–25 July 2012. The race started in Tournai and finished in Perwez. The race was won by Giacomo Nizzolo.

Tour de Wallonie
The Tour de Wallonie is a stage race cycling race on the UCI Europe Tour. It runs in Wallonia, the French-speaking part of Belgium at the end of July. Between 1974 and 1995, it was reserved to amateurs. Since 2005, the race has been organized as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. The race became part of the UCI ProSeries in 2020.
Savannah Clarke
Savannah Clarke (born 9 July 2003) is an Australian singer, dancer, actress and model.
She is a 3 times winner of Aussie/Legend of the year on the Kids Choice Awards She first gained recognition for her role in the musical The Sound of Music. She is best known for representing Australia in the global pop group Now United.

Now United
Now United (sometimes abbreviated as NU) is a global pop group formed in West Hollywood, Los Angeles County, USA, in 2017 by Idols creator Simon Fuller. Originally debuting with 14 members from 14 different countries, the group has since represented a total of 20 countries and special administrative region and featured 23 official members.

Now United operates on a rotational system, where members may be active, inactive, or return temporarily for specific projects or tours. Some members have left to pursue solo careers, but they are still considered part of the Now United family. The group's motto is: "Once a Now United member, always a Now United member." Their dynamic structure allows for new members to be added and for representation to be passed to a new generation.
1937 Monaco Grand Prix
43°44′4.74″N 7°25′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿43.7346500°N 7.421333°E﻿ / 43.7346500; 7.421333

The 1937 Monaco Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Circuit de Monaco on 8 August 1937. The 100 lap event was won by Manfred von Brauchitsch.

Just after the start of the race

Rudolf Caracciola

Caracciola

Manfred von Brauchitsch, the winner

Circuit de Monaco
Circuit de Monaco is a 3.337 km (2.074 mi) street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the Principality of Monaco. It is commonly, and even officially, referred to as "Monte Carlo" because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco.

The circuit is annually used on three weekends in April–May for Formula One Monaco Grand Prix, Formula E Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco. Formula One's respective feeder series over the years – Formula 3000, GP2 Series and today the Formula 2 and FIA Formula 3 championships and Porsche Supercup – also visit the circuit concurrently with Formula One. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the three events victories which count towards the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
Weidhausen
Weidhausen bei Coburg (German pronunciation: [vaɪtˈhaʊzn̩ baɪ ˈkoːbʊʁk], lit. 'Weidhausen near Coburg', officially: Weidhausen b. Coburg) is a municipality in the southeastern portion of the Coburg district of Bavaria in Germany.

Coburg (district)
Coburg (German pronunciation: [ˈkoːbʊʁk]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Kronach, Lichtenfels, Bamberg and Haßberge, and by the state of Thuringia (districts Hildburghausen and Sonneberg). The district surrounds, but does not include the city of Coburg.
1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships
The 1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Adelaide, Australia and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 until 6 January 1991. Unseeded Nicklas Kulti won the singles title.

Australian Hard Court Championships
The Australian Hard Court Championships was a former professional tennis tournament established in 1938 and held until 2008. The event was played on clay courts until 1977 when it switched to hard courts. The tournament was a combined event for men and women until the end of the 1980s. In 2009, Tennis Australia merged the separate men's and women's tournaments into a new combined tournament called the Brisbane International.
Elisabetta Maria Satellico
Elisabetta Maria Satellico (31 December 1706 – 8 November 1745) – in religious Maria Crocifissa – was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Poor Clares who served as her convent's abbess.

Her beatification was celebrated on 10 October 1993.

Diocese of Senigallia
The Diocese of Senigallia (Latin: Dioecesis Senogalliensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the Marche, Italy. It has existed since the sixth century. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo.
Entente of Independents of Ivory Coast
Entente of Independents of Ivory Coast (French: Entente des Indépendants de Côte d'Ivoire, EDICI) was a splinter group of the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast (PDCI). EDICI was founded in Abidjan in the end of 1949. It was led by Vamé Doumouya and Touré Amidou. In the beginning of 1950 the Union of Independents of Ivory Coast (UICI) merged into EDICI.

EDICI was fiercely pro-France and anticommunist.

In 1951 EDICI merged with the Progressive Party of Ivory Coast (PPCI) to form the Party of the French Union of Ivory Coast (PUFCI).

Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally
The Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally (French: Parti Démocratique de la Côte d'Ivoire — Rassemblement Démocratique Africain; abbreviated PDCI-RDA) is a centre-right political party in Ivory Coast.
Riga offensive (1944)
The Riga offensive (Russian: Рижская наступательная операция, lit. 'Riga offensive operation') was part of the larger Baltic offensive on the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place late in 1944, and drove German forces from the city of Riga.

18th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 18th Army (German: 18. Armee) was a World War II field army in the German Wehrmacht.

Formed in November 1939 in Military Region (Wehrkreis) VI, the 18th Army was part of the offensive into the Netherlands (Battle of the Netherlands) and Belgium (Battle of Belgium) during Fall Gelb and later moved into France in 1940.  The 18th Army was then moved East and participated in Operation Barbarossa in 1941.

The Army was a part of the Army Group North until early 1945, when it was subordinated to Army Group Kurland.  In October 1944, the army was encircled by the Red Army offensives and spent the remainder of the war in the Courland Pocket.
Wojciech Kilar
Wojciech Kilar (Polish: [ˈvɔjt͡ɕɛx ˈkʲilar]; 17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and film music composer. One of his greatest successes came with his score to Francis Ford Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula in 1992, which received the ASCAP Award and the nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Music. In 2003, he won the César Award for Best Film Music written for The Pianist, for which he also received a BAFTA nomination. In 2012, he became the recipient of Poland's highest distinction, the Order of the White Eagle.

Krzysztof Zanussi
Krzysztof Pius Zanussi (born 17 June 1939) is a Polish film and theatre director, producer and screenwriter. He is a professor of European film at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland where he conducts a summer workshop. He is also a professor at the Krzysztof Kieślowski Film School of the University of Silesia in Katowice.

He is the recipient of the Golden Lion at the 1984 Venice Film Festival for A Year of the Quiet Sun, the Jury Prize at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival for The Constant Factor as well as two Grands Prix at the 1977 and 2000 Gdynia Film Festival for Camouflage and Life as a Fatal Sexually Transmitted Disease, respectively.
Elkan Harrison Powell
Elkan Harrison Powell (21 November 1888 – 8 May 1966) was a president of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.

Powell introduced the policies of continuous revision and of leveraging the Britannica's fame to market successful spin-off products, such as historical overviews, compilations of good Britannica articles, children's encyclopedias and atlases. These policies are still in practice today.

Powell was a vice president at Sears Roebuck in 1932, when the publisher of the Britannica, Benjamin J. Cox, resigned. Powell became his replacement and quickly analyzed the factors affecting the profitability of the Britannica.  In 1933, he introduced the  continuous revision policy.. New Britannica-branded products such as the 12-volume children's encyclopedia, Britannica Junior, appeared a year later.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is the company known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopaedia. The company also owns the American dictionary publisher Merriam-Webster. Originally founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, and historically British, the company is now based in Chicago, Illinois, United States.