hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chorobates
The chorobates, described by Vitruvius in Book VIII of the De architectura, was used to measure horizontal planes and was especially important in the construction of aqueducts (mainly during Roman Times).

Similar to modern spirit levels, the chorobates consisted of a beam of wood 6 m in length held by two supporting legs and equipped with two plumb lines at each end. The legs were joined to the beam by two diagonal rods with carved notches.  If the notches corresponding to the plumb lines matched on both sides, it showed that the beam was level. On top of the beam, a groove or channel was carved.  If the condition was too windy for the plumb bobs to work effectively, the surveyor could pour water into the groove and measure the plane by checking the water level.

Spirit level
A spirit level, bubble level, or simply a level, is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb). It is called a "spirit level" because the liquid inside its vial is commonly alcohol, or "spirit". The name refers to this alcohol-based solution, which, along with an air bubble, indicates whether a surface is level or plumb. Alcohol was historically preferred over water because it has a wider temperature range, won't freeze, and provides less friction for the bubble, ensuring greater accuracy and longevity of the tool. 
Two basic designs exist: tubular (or linear) and bull's eye (or circular).
Different types of spirit levels may be used by carpenters, stonemasons, bricklayers, other building trades workers, surveyors, millwrights and other metalworkers, and in some photographic or videographic work.
Ciprian Deac
Ioan Ciprian Deac (Romanian pronunciation: [tʃipriˈan iˈo̯an ˈde̯ak, - deˈak]; born 16 February 1986) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger or an attacking midfielder for Liga I club CFR Cluj.

After starting out at Unirea Dej, he spent most of his professional career at CFR Cluj, where he won thirteen domestic trophies. With seven of these being national championships, Deac is one of the most decorated players of the competition. He also had loan stints at Oțelul Galați and Rapid București in Romania, while abroad he represented Schalke 04 in Germany and Aktobe and Tobol in Kazakhstan.

Deac made his international debut for Romania in March 2010, in a 0–2 friendly loss to Israel. He amassed 26 appearances and one goal, before retiring in 2020.

2016–17 Liga I
The 2016–17 Liga I (also known as Liga 1 Betano for sponsorship reasons) was the 99th season of the Liga I, the top professional league for Romanian association football clubs. The season began on 22 July 2016 and concluded on 5 June 2017, being the second to take place since the play-off/play-out format has been introduced. Viitorul Constanța were crowned champions for the first time in their history.
Choe Ryong-hae
Choe Ryong-hae (Korean: 최룡해; born 15 January 1950) is a North Korean politician and military officer who currently serves as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly and First Vice President of the State Affairs Commission, holding both positions since April 2019.

He is also a member of the Presidium of the Politburo and Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). He also served as North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's military second-in-command, currently being third top-ranking official in North Korea after Kim Jong Un and Premier Pak Thae-song

Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea
The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) were offices that existed within the WPK between 1949–66 and 2016–21. The office of "Chairman of the Central Committee" existed between 1949–66 and the office of "Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea" existed in 2016–21. The deputy to the Chairman, the officeholder of Vice Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1949–66 and 2016–21. This list also includes the chairmen and vice chairmen of the direct predecessors of the WPK.
Eurocard (credit card)
Eurocard was a credit card, introduced in 1964 by Marcus Wallenberg Jr. of the Wallenberg family as an alternative to American Express.  In 1968, it signed a deal with the Interbank Card Association (today's MasterCard) so that their cards were accepted by each other's networks; this eventually led to a joint venture known as Maestro International in 1992, and merger in 2002.

Its operations were relocated to Belgium in the end of the 1960s, and the card became the dominant brand in North and Central Europe between 1970 and 2002. It was eventually replaced by the Mastercard brand in most locations, but its logo is still used in some countries.

Waterloo, Belgium
Waterloo (French pronunciation: [watɛʁlo] ⓘ; Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋaːtərloː] ⓘ; Walloon: Waterlô) is a municipality in Wallonia, located in the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium, which in 2011 had a population of 29,706 and an area of 21.03 km2 (8.12 sq mi).

Waterloo lies a short distance south of Brussels and immediately south of the official language border between Flanders and Wallonia. Waterloo is most famous for being the site of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, where Napoleon was defeated in the War of the Seventh Coalition.
Dağ Tumas
Dagh Tumas (Azerbaijani: Dağ Tumas) is a village in the administrative unit with the same name of Jabrayil District of Azerbaijan,  located on the southwestern slopes of Karabakh ridge, 23 km to the west of Jabrayil city.

Jabrayil
Jabrayil (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl, IPA: [dʒæbɾɑˈjɯl] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, nominally the administrative capital of Azerbaijan's Jabrayil District.

A town with Azerbaijani majority and Armenian plurality at various times during the Russian imperial era, and Azerbaijani majority since the Soviet times, it was abandoned since its destruction by local Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. On 4 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces retook the city during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Reconstruction of the city started in 2021, and the first residents returned in 2024.
Maynas language
Maynas (Mayna, Maina), also known as Rimachu, is a Cahuapanan language of Peru. Several sources have listed it as a dialect of Omurano, which also goes by the name Mayna, but Hammarström (2011) showed that they are separate languages. Attempts have been made to link Maynas with the Jivaroan, Cahuapanan, Zaparoan, and Candoshi languages, but they have not yet been conclusive (Campbell 2012).

According to Rojas-Berscia, the group referred to as Maynas spoke two different languages: Northern Maynas could be related to Candoshi, whereas Southern Maynas clearly belongs to the Kawapanan group.

It was once spoken between the Nucuray River, Chambira River, and Pastaza River.

Candoshi-Shapra language
Candoshi-Shapra (also known as Candoshi, Candoxi, Kandoshi, Kandozi-Chapra, and Murato) is an indigenous American language isolate, spoken by several thousand people in western South America along the Chapuli, Huitoyacu, Pastaza, and Morona river valleys. There are two dialects, Chapara (also spelled Shapra) and Kandoashi (Kandozi). It is an official language of Peru, like other native languages in the areas in which they are spoken and are the predominant language in use. Around 88.5 percent of the speakers are bilingual with Spanish. The literacy rate in Candoshi-Shapra is 10 to 30 percent and 15 to 25 percent in the second language Spanish. There is a Candoshi-Shapra dictionary, and grammar rules have been codified.
Paul Guyer
Paul Guyer (/ˈɡaɪ.ər/) is an American philosopher and a leading scholar of Immanuel Kant and of aesthetics. From 2012, he was Jonathan Nelson Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at Brown University until his retirement in 2023. In 2025, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Cremaste
Cremaste or Kremaste (Ancient Greek: Κρεμαστή) was a town in ancient Troad. Xenophon speaks of the town and the plain nearby "where there are the gold mines of the Abydeni." Strabo mentions the gold mines of Astyra which town is nearby. Gold mines belonging to Lampsacus are mentioned by Pliny the Elder and by Polyaenus; and they may be the same as those of Cremaste, as the town was generally between Abydus and Lampsacus.

Its site is located near Sarıbeyle, Asiatic Turkey.

Abydos (Hellespont)
Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβυδος, Latin: Abydus) was an ancient city and bishopric in Mysia. It was located at the Nara Burnu promontory on the Asian coast of the Hellespont (the straits of Dardanelles), opposite the ancient city of Sestos, and near the city of Çanakkale in Turkey. Abydos was founded in c. 670 BC at the most narrow point in the straits, and thus was one of the main crossing points between Europe and Asia, until its replacement by the crossing between Lampsacus and Kallipolis in the 13th century, and the abandonment of Abydos in the early 14th century.

In Greek mythology, Abydos is presented in the myth of Hero and Leander as the home of Leander. The city is also mentioned in Rodanthe and Dosikles, a novel written by Theodore Prodromos, a 12th-century writer, in which Dosikles kidnaps Rodanthe at Abydos.
Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants
Due to the Messerschmitt Bf 109's versatility and time in service with the German and foreign air forces, numerous variants were produced in Germany to serve for over eight years with the Luftwaffe. Additional variants were produced abroad totalling in 34,852 Bf 109s built.

"The 109 was a dream, the non plus ultra. Of course, everyone wanted to fly it as soon as possible."

MG FF cannon
The MG FF was a drum-fed, blowback-operated, 20 mm aircraft autocannon, developed in 1936 by Ikaria Werke Berlin of Germany. It was a derivative of the Swiss Oerlikon FF F cannon (its  FF suffix indicating Flügel Fest, for a fixed-mount, wing location from the Swiss original), with the Oerlikon FF design itself a development of the Imperial German World War I Becker 20 mm cannon, and was designed to be used in space-limited, fixed mountings such as inside aircraft wings, although it saw use as both an offensive and a defensive weapon, in both fixed and flexible format. It saw widespread use in those roles by the German Luftwaffe, particularly during the early stages of World War II, although from 1941 onwards it was gradually replaced by the Mauser firm's 20 mm MG 151/20, which had both a higher rate of fire and muzzle velocity.

One major disadvantage of the MG FF cannon was its extremely low ammunition count. One cannon only carried 90 rounds, and these were fired very quickly.
Gil Hanse
Gilbert Hanse (born August 12, 1963) is an American golf course designer. Hanse, along with his business partner Jim Wagner, was selected to design the Rio 2016 Olympic Golf Course, the first Olympic venue to host golf since 1904.

Baltusrol Golf Club
The Baltusrol Golf Club is a private 36-hole golf club in Springfield, New Jersey, United States, about twenty miles (30 km) west of New York City. It was founded 131 years ago in 1895 by Louis Keller.

In 1985, Baltusrol became the first club to have hosted both the U.S. Open and Women's U.S. Open on two different courses. Both courses were originally designed by A. W. Tillinghast in 1918. The club has been the site of seven U.S. Opens and two PGA Championships.

In 2005, the club was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  In 2014, it was further designated a National Historic Landmark in recognition of its importance to Tillinghast's career as a course designer.
Croatia Open
The Croatia Open (sponsored by Plava Laguna) is a men's ATP tennis tournament held in Umag, Croatia that is part of the 250 series of the ATP Tour.

The tournament began in 1990 when it was part of Yugoslavia, and is the oldest tennis tournament in Croatia. It began as the Yugoslav Open and has been played every year since. It is played on outdoor red clay courts. Carlos Moyá has won the tournament a record five times; he also holds the record for the most consecutive wins at three. His most recent win was in 2007. In 2016, the centre court stadium was named after Croatian tennis player Goran Ivanišević.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Ulf Fischer
Ulf Fischer (born 29 July 1965) is a German tennis coach and former professional player.

Active on tour in the 1980s, Fischer was born in Göttingen and had a best career singles world ranking of 357. He featured in the qualifying draw for the 1987 Wimbledon Championships. His best performance on the Grand Prix tennis circuit was a doubles semi-final appearance at the 1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships and he made two doubles finals on the second tier ATP Challenger Series. He had a best doubles ranking of 190 in the world.

Fischer has been a tennis coach since 1992 and served as an assistant coach for the Germany Davis Cup team from 2007 to 2011, under Patrik Kühnen. During the 1990s he coached both Hendrik Dreekmann and Alex Rădulescu to grand slam quarter-finals. More recently he was coach of Benjamin Becker, Tommy Haas and Florian Mayer. He was named "Trainer of the Year" by the German Tennis Federation in 2014.

Benjamin Becker
Benjamin Becker (born 16 June 1981) is a German former professional tennis player. He is most known for defeating former world No. 1 Andre Agassi in the third round at the 2006 US Open, in Agassi's last match as a professional player.

Becker has reached a career-high ATP ranking of No. 35 in singles on 27 October 2014, and No. 58 in doubles on 5 July 2010.

Becker is not related to German compatriot and former professional tennis player Boris Becker.
Live for Speed
Live for Speed (LFS) is a racing simulator developed by a three-person team comprising Scawen Roberts, Eric Bailey, and Victor van Vlaardingen with its latest release in 2025. The main focus is to provide a realistic racing experience for the online multiplayer game and to allow single player races against AI cars. Users can set personal bests which can then be uploaded to LFSWorld in hotlap mode, and take driving lessons in 'training' mode.

LFS is entirely distributed via the Internet. It can be downloaded and installed for free from the official website, but unlocking all of the content (and some features) requires purchasing a license. Without a license it functions as a content-limited demo without time restrictions, with only one track and three cars available.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election
The following is a timeline of major events leading up to and immediately following the United States presidential election of 2008. The election was the 56th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was held on November 4, 2008, but its significant events and background date back to about 2002. The Democratic Party nominee, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, defeated the Republican Party's nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona.

2008 Michigan Republican presidential primary
The 2008 Michigan Republican presidential primary took place on January 15, 2008. Mitt Romney came in first with 39 percent of the vote, followed by John McCain with 30 percent and Mike Huckabee in third-place with 16 percent. The victory was widely viewed as critical for the Romney campaign, as a loss in Michigan, where his father was governor, would have resulted in a loss of momentum after two losses already in New Hampshire and Iowa.

National delegates determined: 30 out of 60

In accordance with Republican National Committee rules, Michigan was stripped of half its delegates for holding primary contests before February 5, 2008.
Roxanne Benjamin
Roxanne Benjamin is an American film director, writer, and producer. She is best known for directing the horror films Body at Brighton Rock and There's Something Wrong with the Children and as one of the creators and producers of the V/H/S horror anthology films, having developed and produced V/H/S and V/H/S/2. She also produced the genre anthology Southbound, along with directing and writing on the film, and wrote and produced multiple segments of the anthology film XX.

The Devil's Candy
The Devil's Candy is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Sean Byrne. The film stars Ethan Embry, Shiri Appleby, Kiara Glasco, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Craig Nigh and Marco Perella. The film was released by IFC Midnight on March 17, 2017.
Karaimadai railway station
Karaimadai railway station (station code: KAY) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a station in the Coimbatore suburb of Karamadai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located between Periyanaickenpalayam and Mettupalayam.

Periyanaickenpalayam railway station
Periyanaickenpalayam Railway station (station code: PDKM) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a suburban railway station in Coimbatore.
Anka Butorac
Anka Butorac (1903 – January 19, 1942) was a Croatian communist who died in World War II and was proclaimed a People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

Anka Butorac was born in Lika, Croatia. She joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the Partisans and was killed by the Croatian fascist Ustasha in Kostajnica.

Order of the People's Hero
The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero (Serbo-Croatian: Orden narodnog heroja / Oрден народног хероја; Slovene: Red narodnega heroja, Macedonian: Oрден на народен херој, romanized: Orden na naroden heroj) was a Yugoslav gallantry medal, the second highest military award, and third overall Yugoslav decoration. It was awarded to individuals, military units, political and other organisations who distinguished themselves by extraordinary heroic deeds during war and in peacetime. The recipients were thereafter known as People's Heroes of Yugoslavia or National Heroes of Yugoslavia. The vast majority was awarded to partisans for actions during the Second World War. A total of 1,322 awards were awarded in Yugoslavia, and 19 were awarded to foreigners.

In 1998, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia decided to award the Order of the People's Hero again and decorated several military units, but no individuals.
84th United States Congress
The 84th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1955, to January 3, 1957, during the third and fourth years of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1950 United States census.

The Democratic Party won back majorities in both the House and Senate, thus giving them full control of Congress, although Republican Party briefly won the Senate after the last congressional session. The Democratic Party would continue to hold onto its house majority until the 104th Congress.

Senate Democratic Caucus
The Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate, sometimes referred to as the Democratic Conference or simply Senate Democrats, is the formal organization of all senators who are part of the Democratic Party in the United States Senate. For the makeup of the 119th Congress, the caucus additionally includes two independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Angus King of Maine) who caucus with the Democrats, bringing the current total to 47 members. The central organizational front for Democrats in the Senate, its primary function is communicating the party's message to all of its members under a single banner. The present chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus is Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of New York.
France-Guyane
France-Guyane is a daily, French-language newspaper headquartered in Cayenne, French Guiana. Founded in 1973, the newspaper is owned by French-Antilles, which is controlled by the Groupe Hersant Média group.

Cayenne
Cayenne (/keɪˈɛn/; French pronunciation: [kajɛn] ⓘ; Guianese Creole French: Kayenn) is the prefecture and capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.  The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast.  The city's motto is "fert aurum industria", which means "work brings wealth". Cayenne is the largest Francophone city of the South American continent.

In the 2023 census, there were 153,884 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne (as defined by INSEE), 62,675 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Cayenne proper.
Drowning detection system
Drowning detection systems are systems designed to improve safety by reducing drowning deaths  and injuries in public and private pools, waterparks, thermal baths, spa facilities, beaches, or other natural bodies of water smart beach.

Lifeguard
A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, beach, spa, river and lake. Lifeguards are trained in swimming and CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue. In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, lifeguards may function as the primary EMS provider.
Charles F. Hackmeyer
Charles F. Hackmeyer (1903-1989) was a Mobile, Alabama-area community leader and politician who served two terms on the Mobile City Commission. He was also the city's 80th Mayor. His terms as Mayor of Mobile was when the title was co-extensive with the presidency of the City Commission. He was defeated for re-election in 1961 by challenger Charles S. Trimmier who would go would only serve one term, losing four years later to Lambert C. Mims.

Lambert C. Mims
Lambert C. Mims (April 20, 1930 – November 25, 2008) was an American politician and author who for two decades was a member of the City Commission of Mobile, Alabama (1965-1985). During this period, he also served co-terminously in several one-year terms as the commission's president and city's mayor. He considered himself deeply religious, he saw morality as a cornerstone of Mobile's community. His two decades in public service were overshadowed by a controversial corruption conviction in 1990.