hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euler calculus
Euler calculus is a methodology from applied algebraic topology and integral geometry that integrates constructible functions and more recently definable functions by integrating with respect to the Euler characteristic as a finitely-additive measure. In the presence of a metric, it can be extended to continuous integrands via the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. It was introduced independently by Pierre Schapira and Oleg Viro in 1988, and is useful for enumeration problems in computational geometry and sensor networks.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
Khaledabad, Fars
Khaledabad (Persian: خالداباد, also Romanized as Khāledābād; also known as Kholdābād) is a village in Darian Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 18 families.

Darian Rural District
Darian Rural District (Persian: دهستان داريان) is in Darian District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dowdej. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Darian.
David Burns, Lord Burns
David Spencer Burns, Lord Burns (born 1952) is a Senator of the College of Justice.

Burns was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1977 and became a Queen's Counsel in 1991. Before admission, he worked as a legal assistant in New York and California. He practiced family, personal injury and planning. Between 1989 and 1991, he was full-time Advocate Depute. He was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Social Security. During the Lockerbie trial (2000–2002), Burns was one of the advocates representing Abdelbaset al-Megrahi.

Burns served as a temporary judge from 2002 to 2005, and he became a part-time sheriff in 2007. On 1 June 2012, it was announced he had been appointed a Senator of the College of Justice, and he took up the post on 12 July 2012.

Faculty of Advocates
The Faculty of Advocates (Scottish Gaelic: Dàmh an Luchd-tagraidh) is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constituent part of the College of Justice and is based in Edinburgh.

Advocates are privileged to plead in any cause before any of the courts of Scotland, including the sheriff courts and district courts, where counsel are not excluded by statute.
Glen Eden Intermediate School
Glen Eden Intermediate School (G.E.I.S) is an intermediate school located in the suburb of Kaurilands in Auckland, New Zealand. The roll fluctuates around 1000 students and there is an enrolment scheme (school zone) in place. In-zone suburbs include Titirangi, Laingholm, Woodlands Park most of Glen Eden, Konini and Kaurilands. The current principal is Jonathan Hughes.

Piha
Piha is a coastal settlement in West Auckland, on the western coast of the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is one of the most popular beaches in the area and a major day-trip destination for Aucklanders throughout the year, and especially in summer.

Piha is 39 kilometres west of Auckland city centre, on the Tasman Sea coast to the north of the Manukau Harbour, on the western edge of the Waitākere Ranges. Immediately to the north of Piha is Whites Beach, and immediately to the south is Te Unuhanga-a-Rangitoto / Mercer Bay; land access to both is only by foot. The nearest beaches accessible by road are Karekare to the south, and Anawhata to the north.
Kilnamadoo
Kilnamadoo or Kilnamaddoo (from Irish  Coill na Madadh 'wood of the dogs') is a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated within the civil parish of the area of Boho, as well as Fermanagh and Omagh district.

The Coal Bog road travels through this townland and the adjacent townland of Drumacoorin. This is a traditional peat cutting area and in past times was the main highway between Lough MacNean and Lough Erne. The area is particularly notable for the remnants of a Neolithic settlement found in the coal bog. An impressive bronze spearhead was also found in this area and is now on display in the National Museum of Ireland.

Fermanagh and Omagh
Fermanagh and Omagh is a local government district that was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Fermanagh District and Omagh District. It covers most of the Southwest of Northern Ireland. The local authority is Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, which likewise replaced Fermanagh District Council and Omagh District Council.
2024 Libéma Open
The 2024 Libéma Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at Autotron Rosmalen in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands from 10 to 16 June 2024. It was the 33rd edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships and is classified as an ATP 250 event on the 2024 ATP Tour and a WTA 250 event on the 2024 WTA Tour.

2024 WTA Tour
The 2024 WTA Tour (branded as the 2024 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and the Summer Olympic Games.
Saw-shelled turtle
The saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys latisternum) is a species of turtle in the Chelidae family  endemic to Australia, ranging along rivers and streams and connected swamps and lagoons from coastal Cape York Peninsula to northern New South Wales, with populations also noted as far south as Newcastle - (Williams River Catchment site of the former Tilligra Dam). They are thought to have been introduced to Lake Eacham in the Atherton Tablelands. Other common English names are: serrated snapping turtle or common sawshell turtle.

Chelidae
Chelidae is one of three living families of the turtle suborder Pleurodira, and are commonly called Austro-South American side-neck turtles. The family is distributed in Australia, New Guinea, parts of Indonesia, and throughout most of South America. It is a large family of turtles with a significant fossil history dating back to the Cretaceous. The family is entirely Gondwanan in origin, with no members found outside Gondwana, either in the present day or as a fossil.
Cyrus Addie Pithawalla
Major General Cyrus Addie Pithawalla AC, VSM,  is a former General officer of the Indian Army. He was awarded India's highest peacetime decoration for gallantry, the Ashok Chakra, in 1981, and by virtue of this is one of the most decorated flag officers in the history of the Indian Armed Forces (the Ashoka Chakra ranks above all other Indian decorations excepting the Param Vir Chakra, its wartime equivalent, and the Bharat Ratna).

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Aaron Costello
Aaron Costello (born 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays for Limerick Senior Championship club Kilmallock and at inter-county level with the Limerick senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-back.

2012 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 2012 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 118th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 11 May to 7 October 2012.

Na Piarsaigh entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kilmallock in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 7 October 2012 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Kilmallock and Adare, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilmallock won the match by 1–15 to 0–15 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Na Piarsaigh's Shane Dowling was the championship's top scorer with 3–37.
Raúl Ruidíaz
Raúl Mario Ruidíaz Misitich (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈul rujˈðiaθ misiˈtitʃ]; born 25 July 1990) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga 1 club Atlético Grau.

His nickname, "The Flea", stems from his small frame and his ability to get past defenders with great ball control. Ruidíaz began his career at Universitario de Deportes in Peru and later played for Chilean Primera División club Universidad de Chile and Monarcas Morelia in Liga MX between stints with Universitario. He joined Seattle Sounders FC in 2018 and became their all-time top goalscorer in Major League Soccer play during his seven seasons with the club.

2013 Torneo Descentralizado
The 2013 Torneo Descentralizado de Fútbol Profesional (known as the 2013 Copa Movistar for sponsorship reasons) is the 97th season of the highest division of Association Peruvian football. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament, with Sporting Cristal as the defending champion. The Torneo Descentralizado began in February and ended in December 2013.
Dave MacDonald
David George MacDonald (July 23, 1936 – May 30, 1964) was an American racing driver noted for his successes driving Corvettes and Shelby Cobras in the early 1960s. He was killed in the 1964 Indianapolis 500, along with fellow driver Eddie Sachs.

Riverside International Raceway
Riverside International Raceway (sometimes known as Riverside, RIR, or Riverside Raceway) was a motorsports race track and road course established in the Edgemont area of Riverside County, California, just east of the city limits of Riverside and 50 mi (80 km) east of Los Angeles, in 1957. In 1984, the raceway became part of the newly incorporated city of Moreno Valley. Riverside was noted for its hot, dusty environment, which was a dangerous challenge for drivers. It was also considered one of the finest tracks in the United States. The track was in operation from September 22, 1957, to July 2, 1989, with the last race, The Budweiser 400, won by Rusty Wallace, held in 1988. After that final race, a shortened version of the circuit was kept open for car clubs and special events until 1989.
EuroBasket 1961
The 1961 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1961, was the twelfth FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA Europe. Nineteen national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took art in the competition. The tournament was hosted by Yugoslavia, and was held at the Belgrade City Fair.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Wesley Mission
Wesley Mission is a name used by three independent Uniting Church groups which are a part of the Uniting Missions Network of UnitingCare Australia. These predominantly grew out of inner city Central Methodist Missions of the Methodist Church of Australasia. Most of the Methodist City Missions of that era later joined together to form Mission Australia.

Methodist Church of Australasia
The Methodist Church of Australasia was a Methodist denomination based in Australia. It existed from 1902 to 1977, when the Uniting Church in Australia was formed. It did missionary work in Australia through two organisations: the Methodist Overseas Mission (founded 1916), which focused mainly on Aboriginal Australians, and the Methodist Inland Mission (founded 1926), which served settler communities in remote parts of Australia.
Maria Augimeri
Maria Augimeri (/ˌɔːdʒɪˈmɛəri/ ⓘ AW-jim-AIR-ee, Italian: [maˈriːa audʒiˈmɛːri]; born c. 1954) is a Canadian politician. From 1985 to 2018, she served as a local politician in Toronto, holding office as a school board trustee, and as a council member in North York, Metropolitan Toronto, and on Toronto City Council. In 2019, Augimeri stood as the New Democratic candidate for the riding of Humber River-Black Creek.

2014 Toronto municipal election
The 2014 Toronto municipal election was held on October 27, 2014, to elect a mayor and 44 city councillors in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In addition, school trustees were elected to the Toronto District School Board, Toronto Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest and Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud. The election was held in conjunction with those held in other municipalities in the province of Ontario. Candidate registration opened on January 2, 2014, and closed on September 12, 2014, at 2pm EST.
Castlereagh Street
Castlereagh Street is a 1.6-kilometre-long (1 mi) major street located in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs north-to-south, in a one way direction only.

Elizabeth Street, Sydney
Elizabeth Street is a major street in the central business district of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. The street continues south of the central business district (CBD), through the inner city suburbs of Surry Hills, Redfern and Waterloo, before terminating in Zetland. Elizabeth Street lies within the City of Sydney local government area.
Alaettin Çakıcı
Alaettin Çakıcı (born 20 January 1953) is one of the leading figures of the Turkish mafia, a convicted felon and a former member of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves in Turkey.

Initially employed by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization for covert operations outside Turkey in the 1980s, contracting assassinations, he went underground from 1992-1998, was arrested and imprisoned for 2 years, arrested again and imprisoned for 16 years. Çakıcı is the arch rival of mafia boss Sedat Peker. After Çakıcı’s release in 2020, Peker left the country and exposed Çakıcı's connections to former members of the Erdogan cabinet, like Mehmet Ağar.

Sedat Peker
Reis Sedat Peker (Turkish: [(re'jis) seˈdat peˈcæɾ]; born 26 June 1971) is a Turkish mafia leader and whistle-blower who has made multiple allegations regarding Turkish politicians and alleged government involvement in illegal activities through his YouTube channel. He identifies himself as a pan-Turkist and Turanist.
Kamouraska (federal electoral district)
Kamouraska (French pronunciation: [kamuʁaska] ⓘ) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1869 to 1979. It was created by the British North America Act, 1867. There was no election in 1867 due to riots. There was a by-election held in 1869 in its place. The district was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Bellechasse, Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup and Rimouski ridings.

Bellechasse (federal electoral district)
Bellechasse (French pronunciation: [bɛlʃas]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada. It was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867, until the 1997 election, when it became Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet. After redistribution prior to the 2004 election, that riding became Lévis—Bellechasse. Currently, the only riding which includes the name "Bellechasse" is Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis.
Daniel Amartey
Daniel Amartey (born 21 December 1994) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who most recently played as a defender or midfielder for Süper Lig club Beşiktaş and the Ghana national team. He is currently a free agent.

A graduate of International Allies' youth academy, Amartey played for Djurgården and Copenhagen, before joining Leicester City in 2016.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
2024 SA20
The 2024 SA20 or SA20 Season 2 (also known as Betway SA20 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was the second season of the SA20, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league in South Africa, organised by Cricket South Africa (CSA). The tournament started from 10 January and final was played on 10 February 2024. Sunrisers Eastern Cape were the defending champions.

The tournament was won by the Sunrisers Eastern Cape for the second successive season, with the team defeating Durban's Super Giants by 89 runs in the final.

Sunrisers Eastern Cape
Sunrisers Eastern Cape is a South African professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that competes in the SA20 tournament. The team is based in Gqeberha, and was formed in 2022. The team's home-ground is St George's Park Cricket Ground. The team is coached by Adrian Birrell. The franchise is owned by the Indian SUN Group.
Ossie Clark
Raymond "Ossie" Clark (9 June 1942 – 6 August 1996) was a British fashion designer who was a major figure in the Swinging Sixties scene in London and the fashion industry in that era. Clark is now renowned for his vintage designs by present-day designers.

Clark is compared to the 1960s fashion great Biba and influenced many other designers, including Yves Saint Laurent, Anna Sui and Tom Ford. Manolo Blahnik has said of Ossie Clark's work: "He created an incredible magic with the body and achieved what fashion should do—produce desire." Ossie Clark and Ossie Clark for Radley clothes are highly sought after, and are worn by well known models such as Kate Moss and Naomi Campbell.

Tom Ford
Thomas Carlyle Ford (born August 27, 1961) is an American fashion designer and filmmaker. He launched his eponymous fashion brand in 2005, having previously been the creative director at Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent. He wrote and directed the films A Single Man (2009) and Nocturnal Animals (2016), and served as chairman of the Council of Fashion Designers of America from 2019 to 2022.
Veiled Aristocrats
Veiled Aristocrats  is a 1932 American pre-Code race film written, directed, produced and distributed by Oscar Micheaux. The film deals with the theme of "passing" by mixed-race African Americans to avoid racial discrimination. It is a remake of The House Behind the Cedars (1927), based on a novel by the same name published in 1900 by Charles W. Chesnutt. Micheaux may have borrowed the new title from a 1923 novel by Gertrude Sanborn.

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
Drew Butler
Andrew Joseph Butler (born May 10, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs, winning the Ray Guy Award and earning unanimous All-American honors in 2009. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent after the 2012 NFL draft.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Hoge Building
The Hoge Building is a 17-story building constructed in 1911 by, and named for James D. Hoge, a banker and real estate investor, on the northwest corner of Second Avenue and Cherry Street in Seattle, Washington. The building was constructed primarily of tan brick and terracotta built over a steel frame in the architectural style of Second Renaissance Revival with elements of Beaux Arts. It was the tallest building in Seattle from 1911 to 1914, until the completion of Smith Tower.

Seafirst Bank
Seafirst Corporation was an American bank holding company based in Seattle, Washington. Its banking subsidiary, Seafirst Bank, was the largest bank in Washington, with 235 branches and 497 ATMs across the state.

Formed in 1929 via the merger of Seattle's three largest banks, Seafirst was acquired in 1983 by BankAmerica after posting huge losses from loans it purchased from the failed Penn Square Bank; the Seafirst brand was retired in 1999 after NationsBank acquired BankAmerica the previous year and subsequently implemented the Bank of America brand nationwide.
Criticism of fascism
Criticism of fascism has come from diverse groups, including many political ideologies, academic disciplines, survivors of fascist governments, and other observers.

The defeat of the Axis powers in World War II and subsequent revelation of the crimes against humanity committed during the Holocaust by Nazi Germany have led to an almost universal condemnation of both past and present forms of fascism in the modern era. "Fascism" is today used across the political spectrum as a pejorative or byword for perceived authoritarianism and other forms of political evil.

Robert Paxton
Robert Owen Paxton (born June 15, 1932) is an American political scientist and historian specializing in Vichy France, fascism, and Europe during the World War II era. He is Mellon Professor Emeritus of Social Science in the Department of History at Columbia University. He is best known for his 1972 book Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, which precipitated intense debate in France, and led to a paradigm shift in how the events of the Vichy regime are interpreted.
Dacabalaio, Santiago
Dacabalaio is a village in the southcentral part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality of São Domingos. It is 2 km south of Rui Vaz and 4 km southwest of the municipal seat São Domingos. In 2010 its population was 47. Its elevation is about 710 m.

São Domingos, Cape Verde
São Domingos (also: Várzea da Igreja) is a city in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. In 2010, its population was 2,818. 
It is the seat of the São Domingos Municipality. It is situated 13 km southeast of Assomada and 13 km northwest of the capital Praia, along the national road from Praia to Assomada (EN1-ST01). The settlement appeared in the 1747 map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin as St. Domingo.