hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mortgage industry of the United States
The mortgage industry of the United States is a major financial sector. The federal government created several programs, or government sponsored entities, to foster mortgage lending, construction and encourage home ownership. These programs include the Government National Mortgage Association (known as Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (known as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (known as Freddie Mac).

The subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indication of the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backing said mortgages. The earlier savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and the national mortgage crisis of the 1930s also arose primarily from unsound mortgage lending. The mortgage crisis has led to a rise in foreclosures, leading to the 2010 United States foreclosure crisis.

2010 United States foreclosure crisis
The 2010 United States foreclosure crisis, sometimes referred to as Foreclosure-gate or Foreclosuregate, refers to a widespread epidemic of improper foreclosures initiated by large banks and other lenders.  The foreclosure crisis was extensively covered by news outlets beginning in October 2010, and several large banks—including Bank of America, JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup—responded by halting their foreclosure proceedings temporarily in some or all states.  The foreclosure crisis caused significant investor fear in the U.S. A 2014 study published in the American Journal of Public Health linked the foreclosure crisis to an increase in suicide rates.

One out of every 248 households in the United States received a foreclosure notice in September 2012, according to RealtyTrac.
Dad Fatihana railway station
Dad Fatihana railway station (Urdu: داد فاتیہانا ریلوے اسٹیشن) is a disused railway station on the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line located in Dad Fatihana village, Punjab, Pakistan. The station is located east of Chichawatni railway station and west of Harappa railway station.

Chichawatni railway station
Chichawatni Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: چیچہ وطنی ریلوے اسٹیشن)  is located in Chichawatni city, Sahiwal district of Punjab province of the Pakistan. In 2024, Pakistan Railways approved a two-minute stop for Business Express train, which travel from Lahore to Karachi, at Chichawatni station.
Susanna Centlivre
Susanna Centlivre (/sɛntˈlɪvər/ sent-LIV-ər or /sɛntˈliːvər/ sent-LEE-vər; born Susanna Freeman; baptised 1669 – 1 December 1723), also known professionally as Susanna Carroll, was an English poet, actress, and "the most successful female playwright of the eighteenth century". Centlivre's "pieces continued to be acted after the theatre managers had forgotten most of her contemporaries." During a long career at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, she became known as the second woman of the English stage, after Aphra Behn.

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Jeffrey Vanderbeek
Jeff Vanderbeek (born 1958) is the former owner of the New Jersey Devils, a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League. Vanderbeek, a New Jersey native and Devils season ticket holder since the late 1980s, bought a minority stake in the Devils when Puck Holdings, an affiliate of YankeeNets, purchased the team in 2000. In 2004, he bought the team outright and resigned his position as an executive vice president of Lehman Brothers, which he joined in 1984. He was ranked the ninth highest paid executive of 2002 by Business Week with pay totaling over $29 million.

Yankee Global Enterprises
Yankee Global Enterprises, LLC, formerly YankeeNets, LLC, is an American limited liability company (LLC) which owns the New York Yankees baseball team, along with a plurality stake in YES Network and 10% stakes in New York City FC and AC Milan soccer clubs. It was formed in 1999 and is controlled by the family of George Steinbrenner. Other investors, including Lester Crown, Jerry Speyer, and Marvin Goldklang own minority stakes.

The company was originally created as YankeeNets, through a merger between the Yankees and the New Jersey Nets (now known as the Brooklyn Nets).
Shahriyar ibn Abbas
Kiya Abu'l-Fawaris Shahriyar ibn Abbas ibn Shahriyar (Persian: کیا ابوالفارس شهریار بن عباس بن شهریار), better simply known as Shahriyar ibn Abbas (شهریار بن عباس) was a Bavandid prince, who is solely known for being mentioned in the inscription on the mausoleum in Savadkuh, known as the Lajim Tower. The mausoleum was constructed in 1022, where he was most already likely dead. The person who ordered the construction was his mother Chihrazad, whilst the name of the architect was a certain al-Husayn ibn Ali. In the inscription, Shahriyar is labeled as "Client of the Commander of the Faithful" (mawlā amīr al-muʾminīn). However, he is not called ispahbad, which was the title used by the Bavandid rulers, and thus it is dubious if he ever ruled.[a]

Shahriyar was possibly a grandson of the Bavandid ruler Shahriyar III (r. 986-988), and may have been the Shahriyar that the prominent Persian poet and author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), Ferdowsi visited in 1010/1.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Bulu, Petarukan
Bulu (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbulu]) is a village in the town of Petarukan, Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This villages has an area of 1,42 km² and a population of 5,651 inhabitants in 2022.

Petarukan, Pemalang
Petarukan (Indonesian pronunciation: [pət̪aˈrukan]) is an administrative district (kecamatan) in Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. It lies immediately to the east of the highly urbanised Pemalang-Taman area. Petarukan District contains the urban village (kelurahan) of Petarukan and 19 rural villages (desa).
Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS
Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS (BC/EFA) is an American nonprofit organization that raises funds for AIDS-related causes across the United States, headquartered in New York City. It is the theatre community's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. By drawing upon the talents, resources and generosity of the American theatre community, BC/EFA has raised over $300 million for critically needed services for people with AIDS, HIV, and other critical illnesses since its founding in 1988. The organization awards annual grants to over 450 AIDS and family service organizations across all 50 states, Puerto Rico & Washington D.C., and is the single largest financial supporter of the social service programs of The Actors Fund.

Alex Newell
Alex Eugene Newell (born August 20, 1992) is an American actor and singer. They  are known for their role as Unique Adams on the Fox musical series Glee and Mo on Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist, Newell also starred as Asaka in the Broadway revival of Once on This Island at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 2018. For their role in Shucked, Newell won the 2023 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. Newell and J. Harrison Ghee were the first openly non-binary actors to be nominated for and win the Tony Award.

As a singer, Newell has released tracks with Clean Bandit, Blonde, and The Knocks.
Peugeot 307
The Peugeot 307 is a small family car produced by the French automaker PSA Peugeot Citroën under their Peugeot marque, from 2001 to 2008 in Europe, and was the successor to the Peugeot 306, which was discontinued in 2002 after being in production for nine years. Using the PSA PF2 platform, it was awarded the European Car of the Year title for 2002, and continued to be offered in China and certain South American markets through 2014, despite the September 2007 French launch of the 308 (its intended successor), which is built on the same platform.

2005 Rally Finland
The 2005 Rally Finland (formally the 55th Neste Rally Finland) was the tenth round of the 2005 World Rally Championship. The rally was held over four days between 4 August and 7 August 2005, and was won by Peugeot's Marcus Grönholm, his 17th win in the World Rally Championship.
Chloral cyanohydrin
Chloral cyanohydrin is the cyanohydrin derivative of chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde). It was historically used as a source of hydrogen cyanide for medicinal purposes. Chloral cyanohydrin is toxic by inhalation.

Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide (also called prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N. It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. Large-scale applications are for the production of potassium cyanide and adiponitrile, used in mining and plastics, respectively. It is more toxic than solid cyanide compounds due to its volatile nature. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water, represented as HCN(aq), is called hydrocyanic acid. The salts of the cyanide anion are known as cyanides.

Whether hydrogen cyanide is an organic compound or not is a topic of debate among chemists. It is traditionally considered inorganic, but can also be considered a nitrile, giving rise to its alternative names of methanenitrile and formonitrile.
Gina Miller
Gina Nadira Miller (née Singh; born 19 April 1965) is a Guyanese-British business owner and activist who initiated the 2016 R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union court case against the British government over its authority to implement Brexit without approval from Parliament. In September 2019, she successfully challenged the government's prorogation of Parliament, formally supported in the legal proceedings by the former prime minister Sir John Major and the shadow attorney general, Shami Chakrabarti. She founded the True and Fair Campaign in 2012, calling for an end to financial misconduct in the investment and pension industries. Miller was a candidate in the 2025 University of Cambridge Chancellor election.

University of East London
The University of East London (UEL) is a public university located in the London Borough of Newham, London, England, based at three campuses in Stratford and Docklands, following the opening of University Square Stratford in September 2013. The University of East London began as the West Ham Technical Institute and it was officially opened in October 1898 after approval was given for the construction of the site by the West Ham Technical Instruction Act Committee in 1892 following the Technical Instruction Act of 1889. It gained university status in 1992. It was formerly known as College of East London.

The community is made up of over 40,000 students from over 160 countries studying at the University of East London and collaborative partners.
Julius Curtis Townsend
Julius Curtis Townsend (February 22, 1881 – December 28, 1939) was born in Missouri. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1902.

He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914. He was later awarded the Navy Cross and also served in World War I. He remained in the United States Navy for the rest of his life, ultimately serving as a rear admiral from May 1936 until his death in December 1939.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
34th (Pomeranian) Fusiliers "Queen Victoria of Sweden"
The 34th (Pomeranian) Fusiliers "Queen Victoria of Sweden" was a regiment of the Royal Prussian Army, and later of the Imperial German Army until the end of the First World War. The regiment was first founded under the rule of the Swedish Empire in 1720, under the name the Queen's Life Regiment of Foot (Swedish: Drottningens livregemente till fots). It was an enlisted infantry regiment that was set up in Stralsund in 1720, during the Great Northern War. It operated under Swedish rule until 1815, when the regiment was transferred together with the dominion of Swedish Pomerania to Prussia following a decision at the Congress of Vienna.

Military colours, standards and guidons
In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards, flags, or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago. The Roman Empire also made battle standards reading SPQR a part of their vast armies. It was formalized in the armies of Europe in the High Middle Ages, with standards being emblazoned with the commander's coat of arms.
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia (Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1850 in St. Petersburg – 14 November 1908 in Paris) was the fifth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. Chosen for a naval career, Alexei Alexandrovich started his military training at the age of seven. By the age of 20 he had been appointed lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy and had visited all Russia's European military ports. In 1871, he was sent as a goodwill ambassador to the United States and Japan.

In 1883 he was appointed general-admiral. He had a significant contribution in the equipment of the Russian navy with new ships and in modernizing the naval ports. However, after the Russian defeat in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, he was relieved of his command. He was viewed at the time as an incompetent and corrupt dilettante.  He died in Paris in 1908.

Borodino-class battleship
The Borodino-class battleships were a group of five pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy around the end of the 19th century. Their design was based on that of the French-built Tsesarevich modified to use Russian equipment. The first four ships were finished after the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and were among the ships ordered to sail from the Baltic Sea to the Far East to relieve the Pacific Squadron besieged by the Japanese in Port Arthur. Three of these ships were sunk and one was captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. The fifth and final ship, Slava, was not completed in time to participate in the war and served with the Baltic Fleet through World War I.
Hesham Abdul Wahab
Sayyed Hesham Abdul Wahab (born 14 October 1990) is an Indian music composer, music producer and singer who predominantly works in Malayalam and Telugu cinema. He is best known for the compositions of Qadham Badha (2015), Hridayam (2022), Kushi (2023) and Hi Nanna (2023). He is the recipient of a Kerala State Film Award, SIIMA Award, and IIFA Award for music direction.

Vineeth Sreenivasan
Vineeth Sreenivasan (born 1 October 1984) is an Indian actor, director, producer, dubbing artist, screenwriter, playback singer and lyricist who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema. He is the eldest son of actor and screenwriter Sreenivasan.
1908–09 Western Football League
The 1908–09 season was the 17th in the history of the Western Football League.

For the last time, Division One was split into two sections of six clubs, reorganised from the previous season, with the winner of each section playing each other in a Championship decider. Brighton & Hove Albion won Section A and reigning champions Millwall won Section B, with Millwall winning the decider 2–1 in a replay after the first match was drawn. At the end of this season, all 14 clubs in Division One resigned from the League, leaving Division Two as the only division in the league. All the member clubs of Division One also competed in the Southern League during this season. As with the previous season, the Division Two champions were Bristol City Reserves.

1908–09 Southern Football League
The 1908–09 season was the 15th in the history of Southern Football League. Northampton Town won Division One and Croydon Common finished top of Division Two. No clubs applied for election to the Football League.
Mount Ōbami
Mount Ōbami (大喰岳, Hotaka-dake), also known as Mount Ōbamidake, is a mountain situated in Japan's southern Hida Mountains, on the border between the cities of Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, and Takayama, Gifu Prefecture. It is also located south of Mount Yari.

The name of the mountain is said to have come from the fact that it was called Big Eat by hunters because the herds of animals gathered around this area and devoured the mountain grass. Mount Ōbami is part of Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.

Nearby Mount Ōbami, Mount Yari has a ridgeline extending from north to south, east and west, and is called Kitakama-one, Higashi-kama-one, and Nishikama-one.The south side is not called Kama-one, but it has a series of peaks over 3,000 m, and along the way there are Mt. Okumidate, as well as Mount Naka (3,084 m) and Mount Minami (3,033 m), and continues to the Hotaka Mountain Range via Oquilet. These are the result of the valley topography and ground uplift caused by ice erosion.

Takayama, Gifu
Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ka(ꜜ).ja.ma, -ka.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2025, the city had an estimated population of 81,968 in 36,815 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 2,177.61 square kilometers (840.78 sq mi) making it the largest city by area in Japan. The high altitude and separation from other areas of Japan kept the area fairly isolated, allowing Takayama to develop its own culture over about a 300-year period.
Frederick Watkins (priest)
Frederick Watkins (1 April 1808 – 6 February 1888) was an English Anglican clergyman.  He was Archdeacon of York from 1874 until his death. He is also noted as being a school- and university friend of Charles Darwin with whom he shared correspondence.

Archdeacon of York
The Archdeacon of York (or of the West Riding) is a senior clergy position in an archdeaconry subdivision of the Church of England Diocese of York in the Province of York. It is named for the City of York and consists of the seven rural deaneries of Derwent, Easingwold, New Ainsty, Selby, Southern Ryedale, South Wold and York.
Sofia Sjöborg
Sofia Bozena Elisabett Sjöborg (born 7 May 1998) is a Swedish eventing rider. Born and raised in England, Sjöborg represented Sweden at the 2021 and 2023 European Championships and at the 2022 World Championships. She has been nominated to represent the Swedish eventing team at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

As a teenager, Sjöborg wrote to Michael Jung asking if she could train with him as a young rider. He accepted, and she moved to Germany to train with Jung from 2016 to 2019. In 2023, she placed second with Eastbourn at the Agria Top 10 Indoor Eventing competition, held at the Sweden International Horse Show.

Michael Jung (equestrian)
Michael Jung (born 31 July 1982) is a German equestrian who competes in eventing and show jumping. A four-time Olympic gold medallist, he won individual and team gold at the 2012 London Olympics, followed by individual gold and team silver at the 2016 Rio Olympics, and the individual gold for the third time at the 2024 Paris Olympics. He was inducted into the Eventing Rider Association Hall of Fame in 2013, and in 2016 he became only the second rider in history to win the Grand Slam of Eventing.
Chrząstawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Chrząstawa [xʂɔ̃sˈtava] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Widawa, 22 km (14 mi) south of Łask, and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Combo (video games)
In video games, a combo (short for combination) is a set of actions performed in sequence, usually with strict timing limitations, that yield a significant benefit or advantage. The term originates from fighting games where it is based upon the concept of a striking combination. It has been since applied more generally to a wide variety of genres, such as puzzle games, shoot 'em ups, and sports games. Combos are commonly used as an essential gameplay element, but can also serve as a high score or attack power modifier, or simply as a way to exhibit an exuberant playing style.

In fighting games, combo specifically indicates a timed sequence of moves that produce a cohesive series of hits, each of which leaves the opponent unable to block.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Tansang
Tansang is a settlement in the Betong division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 135.3 kilometres (84 mi) east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Saka 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) east

Betong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Melaban 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Nyelutong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) southeast

Penurin 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Empaong 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north

Ban 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest

Maja 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast

Melaban
Melaban is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 133.2 kilometres (82.8 mi) east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:

Betong 0 kilometres (0.0 mi) north

Ban 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) west

Semumoh 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) north

Empaong 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast

Pok 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) northwest

Salulap 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north
Marcus of Viterbo
Marcus of Viterbo (1304–1369) was an Italian Franciscan. He became Minister General of his order in 1359, a papal legate, and in 1366 a Cardinal.

He died of plague. A monument to him is in the Chiesa di S. Francesco in Viterbo.

Minister general (Franciscan)
Minister general is the term used for the head or superior general of the different branches of the Order of Friars Minor. It is a term exclusive to the order and comes directly from its founder, St. Francis of Assisi.