hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbal distillate
Herbal distillates, also known as floral waters, flower waters, hydrosols, hydrolates, herbal waters, and essential waters, are aqueous products of hydrodistillation. They are colloidal suspensions of essential oils as well as water-soluble components obtained by steam distillation or hydrodistillation (a variant of steam distillation) from plants and herbs. These herbal distillates have uses as flavorings and cosmetics. Common herbal distillates for skincare include rose water, orange flower water, and witch hazel. Rosemary, oregano, and thyme are hydrosols that may be used in food manufacturing industries.

Thyme
Thyme (/taɪm/) is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus Thymus of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are native to Eurasia and north Africa. Thymes have culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The species most commonly cultivated and used for culinary purposes is Thymus vulgaris, native to Southeast Europe.
Meritaten Tasherit
Meritaten Tasherit, which means Meritaten the Younger was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th Dynasty. She is likely to have been the daughter of Meritaten, eldest daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten.

Who her father was remains a matter of debate. Many assume it to be Meritaten's father, Akhenaten, or possibly her husband Smenkhkare. Since both Meritaten Tasherit and another princess, Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit appear only in texts that once mentioned Akhenaten's second wife Kiya, it is also possible that they were children of Akhenaten and Kiya, or that they were fictional, replacing the name of Kiya's daughter, who might have been Beketaten, more commonly thought to be Tiye's child.

Meritaten Tasherit's fate is uncertain. The mention of the god Aten in her name suggests that she was indeed a daughter of Akhenaten, since his successors reverted his religious reforms, and reverted to the worship of Egypt's traditional gods. The name Aten was dropped from popular use during this time.

Kiya
Kiya was one of the wives of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Little is known about her, and her actions and roles are poorly documented in the historical record, in contrast to those of Akhenaten's 'Great royal wife', Nefertiti. Her unusual name suggests that she may originally have been a Mitanni princess. Surviving evidence demonstrates that Kiya was an important figure at Akhenaten's court during the middle years of his reign, when she had a daughter with him. She disappears from history a few years before her royal husband's death. In previous years, she was thought to be mother of Tutankhamun, but recent DNA evidence suggests this is unlikely.
Dormington
Dormington is a village and civil parish  in Herefordshire, in the  West Midlands of England. Dormington village is at the north of its parish, 5 miles (8 km) east from the centre of the city and county town of Hereford, and 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest from the town of Ledbury. The parish is a significant traditional centre for hop growing.

Ledbury
Ledbury is a market town and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, lying east of Hereford, and west of the Malvern Hills.

It has a significant number of Tudor-style timber-framed structures, in particular along Church Lane and High Street. One of the most outstanding is Ledbury Market Hall, built in 1617, located in the town centre. Other notable buildings include the parish church of St. Michael and All Angels, the Painted Room (containing sixteenth-century frescoes), the Old Grammar School, the Barrett-Browning memorial clock tower (designed by Brightwen Binyon and opened in 1896 to house the library until 2015), nearby Eastnor Castle and the St. Katherine's Hospital site. Founded c. 1231, this is a rare surviving example of a hospital complex, with hall, chapel, a Master's House (fully restored and opened in March 2015 to house the Library), almshouses and a timber-framed barn.
Wolofization
Wolofization or Wolofisation is a cultural and language shift whereby populations or states adopt Wolof language or culture, such as in the Senegambia region. In Senegal, Wolof is a lingua franca The Wolofization phenomenon has taken over all facets of Senegal and encroaching on Gambian soil. This phenomenon has caused other Senegambian ethnic groups great concern and resulted in taking steps to preserve their languages and culture. In this regard, the Serer ethnic group who have had a long history fighting against Islamization and Wolofization have been taking active steps in the past decades by setting up associations and other organisations in order to preserve their languages, culture and "ancient religious past." Haalpulaar speakers, namely the Fula and Toucouleur have also been taking steps to preserve their language.

Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire.

Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge.
ꞋAreꞌare constituency
ꞌAreꞌare was a single-member constituency of the Governing Council and Legislative Assembly of the Solomon Islands. Created in 1973 when the Governing Council was expanded from 17 to 24 seats, it was located on the island of Malaita. In the 1973 elections the seat was won by David Kausimae, who had been elected in the South Central Malaita constituency in the 1970 elections, defeating Peter Kenilorea. It was abolished in 1976 and succeeded by East ꞌAreꞌare (which was won by Kenilorea, who went on to be appointed the Islands' first Chief Minister) and West ꞌAreꞌare (in which Kausimae was elected).

East ꞌAreꞌare constituency
East ꞌAreꞌare is a single-member constituency of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands. Established in 1976 when the Legislative Assembly was expanded from 24 to 38 seats, it is located on the island of Malaita.
Sea Pearl 21
The Sea Pearl 21 is an American trailerable sailboat or sailing dinghy, that was designed by Ron Johnson as a daysailer and first built in 1982.

The Sea Pearl 21 is a development of, or at least inspired by, the 1929 Herreshoff Carpenter design by L. Francis Herreshoff.

Trailer sailer
A trailer sailer is a keelboat that is big enough to accommodate crew for a weekend cruise, yet small enough to be launched, rigged, and recovered single-handed. It is also relatively easy to haul on a trailer behind a car, which requires low displacement and a shallow draft.

Although many small yachts can in principle be moved on a trailer, not all qualify as trailer sailers. The term is generally reserved for cabin sailboats intended for regular ramp launching. It does not apply to dinghies or small open keelboats under about 19 feet, since these are almost always easy to tow due to their characteristic light weight and shallow draft.
Aprilia RS250
The Aprilia RS250 is a two-stroke 249 cc (15.2 cu in) sport bike made by the Italian motorcycle manufacturer Aprilia.

The Aprilia RS250 is a race oriented motorcycle with technology derived from Aprilia's racing experience. It is inspired by the Aprilia RSW250 Grand Prix motorcycle used by riders such as Valentino Rossi, Max Biaggi and Loris Capirossi in MotoGP races.

Sport bike
A sport bike, sports motorcycle, or sports bike is a motorcycle designed and optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on asphalt concrete race tracks and roads. They are mainly designed for performance at the expense of comfort, fuel economy, safety, noise reduction and storage in comparison with other motorcycles.

Sport bikes can be and are typically equipped with fairings and a windscreen to deflect wind from the rider to improve aerodynamics.
David Watson (footballer, born 1973)
David Neil Watson (born 10 November 1973) is an English football coach and former player, who played as a goalkeeper for Barnsley and the England under-21 team. After injury forced his early retirement from playing, he took up coaching, working as goalkeeping coach for several clubs as well as spending four years in the same role with the England team. In 2014, he joined Southampton, where he has been a first-team assistant coach since 2019.

1993 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship, known as the 1993 FIFA/Coca-Cola World Youth Championship for sponsorship purposes, was the 9th edition FIFA World Youth Championship. U20 Brazil defeated Ghana, 2–1 for its third title. It took place across five cities in Australia. The tournament was originally to be held in Yugoslavia, but due to the Yugoslav Wars, was moved to Australia.
Iran–Kuwait relations
Kuwait and Iran have longstanding historical ties spanning hundreds of years, particularly in the pre-oil era. Relations were negatively influenced by the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s. Relations improved after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

'Ajam of Kuwait
The 'Ajam of Kuwait (Arabic: عيم الكويت), also known as Persian Kuwaitis, are Kuwaiti citizens of Iranian descent. The majority of Shia Kuwaiti citizens are of Iranian descent, although there are Ajam Kuwaitis who are Sunni.

Historically, the community experienced racism and discrimination. In the mid-to-late 20th century, the term "Ajam" became synonymous with Shia families; which can be partly attributed to the politicization of sectarian identities following the 1979 Iranian revolution.
Leiuperinae
The Leiuperinae are a subfamily of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae. Over 90 species are in five genera. The distribution of this subfamily is from southern Mexico to the Central America and much of South America.

Physalaemus
Physalaemus is a large genus of leptodactylid frogs. These frogs, sometimes known as dwarf frogs or foam frogs, are found in South America. It is very similar to Leptodactylus, a close relative, and indeed the recently described Leptodactylus lauramiriamae is in some aspects intermediate between them. They have been described by researchers as presenting one of the most puzzling taxonomic histories among Neotropical anurans because of the occurrence of highly polymorphic and cryptic species.
Calvin Day House
The Calvin Day House is a historic house at 105 Spring Street in Hartford, Connecticut.  Built in 1852, it is the last survivor of a series of fine Italianate houses that lined a bluff overlooking Hartford's Union Station.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.  It now houses a social service agency.

Hartford Union Station
Hartford Union Station is a railroad station in Hartford, Connecticut, United States on the New Haven–Springfield Line. It is served by Amtrak Hartford Line, Northeast Regional, Valley Flyer, and Vermonter intercity rail service, plus CT Rail Hartford Line commuter rail service and CTfastrak bus rapid transit service.

The Richardsonian Romanesque building was designed by George Keller, executed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge and built in 1889. A 1914 fire required a rebuild; the interior was renovated in 1987. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975.
Jedlno Drugie
Jedlno Drugie [ˈjɛdlnɔ ˈdruɡʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ładzice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Ładzice, 15 km (9 mi) west of Radomsko, and 81 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Ładzice
Ładzice [waˈd͡ʑit͡sɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ładzice. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Radomsko and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Fierté Montréal
Fierté Montréal, also called Montreal Pride, is an annual LGBT pride festival in Montreal, Quebec. The event was founded in 2007 at the initiative of Montreal’s LGBTQ+ communities after the city's prior Pride festival, Divers/Cité, repositioned itself as a general arts and music festival.

Montreal Pride is one of the largest LGBTQ+ festivals in Canada alongside Pride Toronto, and the largest LGBTQ+ gathering in the francophone world. Active year-round, Montreal Pride supports local LGBTQ+ communities and advocates on behalf of LGBTQ+ people living in countries that are hostile toward LGBTQ+ rights.

Today, Montreal Pride Festival attracts more than 3 million local and international visitors for 11 days of community, cultural, and festive activities including free shows, panels, and the parade.

Pride Toronto
Pride Toronto is an annual event held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in June each year to celebrate the LGBTQ community in the Greater Toronto Area.  The centre of the festival is the city's Church and Wellesley village, while the parade and marches are primarily routed along the nearby Yonge Street, Gerrard Street and Bloor Street. In 2014, the event served as the fourth international WorldPride.

The first parade occurred in June 1981. For most of its history, Pride was a seven-to-ten day festival centred on the final week in June, with the parade falling on either the last weekend in June or the first weekend in July depending on the year's circumstances. Since 2016, the entire month of June has been declared Pride month, with a program of events throughout the month leading up to the parade.

The event is the second largest Pride in the world with almost 3 million attendees every year.
Illinois Technology and Research Corridor
The Illinois Technology and Research Corridor is a region of commerce and industry located along Interstate 88 in the Chicago metropolitan area, primarily in Cook, DuPage, Kane, and DeKalb Counties.  The corridor is home to the headquarters or regional centers for many Fortune 1000 companies (including many specializing in research, development, logistics, and technology), several office and industrial parks, colleges and universities, research and scientific institutions, medical centers, government centers, and abundant shopping, dining, lodging, and entertainment amenities.  In addition to the I-90 Golden Corridor, the I-94 Lakeshore Corridor, and the I-55 Industrial Corridor, the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor is one of the principal economic centers in suburban Chicago.

DeKalb County, Illinois
DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 100,420. Its county seat is Sycamore. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rif Airport
Rif Airport (IATA: OLI, ICAO: BIRF) is an airport serving Ólafsvík and Hellissandur, Iceland. It is located near Rif, a coastal village in the Western Region.

Rwy 06 length includes a 1,250 feet (381 m) displaced threshold. There is high terrain southeast of the airport.

The Rif non-directional beacon (Ident: RF) is located on the field.

Western Region (Iceland)
Western Region (Icelandic: Vesturland, pronounced [ˈvɛstʏrˌlant] ⓘ) is one of the traditional eight regions of Iceland, located on the western coast of the island. As of 2024, the region has a population of 17,419.
Bando
Bando (Burmese: ဗန်တို, pronounced [bàɰ̃dò]) is a defensive unarmed martial art from Myanmar. Bando is sometimes mistakenly used as a generic word for all Burmese martial arts, but it is only one martial art; Burmese fighting systems collectively are referred to as thaing.

Banshay
Banshay (Burmese: ဗန်ရှည်, pronounced [bàɰ̃ʃè]) is a weapon-based martial art from Myanmar focusing primarily on the sword, staff and spear. Influenced by both Indian and Chinese sources, it is closely related to similar Southeast Asian systems such as Thai krabi krabong, Cambodian kbach kun boran and Malay silat.

Banshay makes extensive use of the dha (sword) in pairs. Sword-fencing demonstrations and performances often begin with a pre-fight war dance in which the swordsman spins one or two swords very close to the body without cutting themselves.

There are 37 sword forms. Sword training is conducted with the weapon still sheathed. Traditionally when a master first presents the student with a sword, the scabbard would be fixed on so that the trainee is discouraged from killing opponents. Under extreme conditions when the sword must be unsheathed, the scabbard may be broken with a rock or other object.

Defense with the staff

The panther dance
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe
The national flag of São Tomé and Príncipe is a horizontal triband of green, yellow, and green, with a red isosceles triangle at the hoist and two five-pointed black stars on the yellow band. The flag's aspect ratio is 1:2 and the ratio of the bands are 2:3:2. The flag was adopted upon São Tomé and Príncipe's independence from Portugal on 12 July 1975. The design is based on, and nearly identical to, the first flag of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP), which led the country to its independence.

National flag
A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.
Niggas vs. Black People
"Niggas vs. Black People" is a Chris Rock stand-up comedy routine appearing both on his 1996 HBO special Bring the Pain, and as track 12 on his 1997 album Roll with the New, which went a long way towards establishing his status as a comedy fixture after he left Saturday Night Live.

The routine is a twelve-minute monologue about behaviors that are a subset of the African-American community. He describes "niggas" as a cohort whose behavior is usually detrimental to the image of other black people. "Niggas", he says, glorify ignorance and sloth, and brag about fulfilling any minor responsibility. Rock rejects the view that this image of blacks is purely cultivated by the media and stereotypes, at one point saying: "When I go to the money machine tonight, alright, I ain't looking over my back for the media, I'm looking for niggas! Shit, Ted Koppel ain't never took shit from me. Niggas have, so, you think I've got three guns in my house 'cause the media outside?"

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
The 51st
The 51st is a nonprofit local news website registered in the District of Columbia. It is affiliated with the Tiny News Collective and Institute for Nonprofit News. The name is a reference to the District of Columbia statehood movement debate. In addition to publishing, the organization gathers people in person by tabling at community events and hosting their own, such as a live gameshow celebrating D.C. history and culture.

Institute for Nonprofit News
The Institute for Nonprofit News (INN) is a non-profit consortium of nonprofit journalism organizations. The organization promotes non-profit investigative and public service journalism. INN facilitates collaborations between member organizations, provides training in best-practices and fundraising and provides back-office services.
Retirement plans in the United States
A retirement plan is a financial arrangement designed to replace employment income upon retirement. These plans may be set up by employers, insurance companies, trade unions, the government, or other institutions. Congress has expressed a desire to encourage responsible retirement planning by granting favorable tax treatment to a wide variety of plans. Federal tax aspects of retirement plans in the United States are based on provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and the plans are regulated by the Department of Labor under the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).

Roth 401(k)
The Roth 401(k) is a type of retirement savings plan. It was authorized by the United States Congress under the Internal Revenue Code, section 402A, and represents a unique combination of features of the Roth IRA and a traditional 401(k) plan. Since January 1, 2006, U.S. employers have been allowed to amend their 401(k) plan document to allow employees to elect Roth IRA type tax treatment for a portion or all of their retirement plan contributions. The same change in law allowed Roth IRA type contributions to 403(b) retirement plans. The Roth retirement plan provision was enacted as a provision of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA 2001).
Buckroe Beach
Buckroe Beach is a neighborhood in the independent city of Hampton, Virginia. It lies just north of Fort Monroe on the Chesapeake Bay. One of the oldest recreational areas in the state, it was long located in the former Elizabeth City County near the downtown area of the lost town of Phoebus prior to their consolidation with Hampton in 1952.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (reporting marks C&O, CO) was a Class I railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia from several smaller Virginia railroads begun in the 19th century. Led by industrialist Collis Potter Huntington, it reached from Virginia's capital city of Richmond to the Ohio River by 1873, where the railroad town (and later city) of Huntington, West Virginia, was named for him.
1869 Texas Senate election
The 1869 Texas Senate elections took place in tandem with the 1869 Texas gubernatorial election and the election for the ratification of a new state constitution as a part of Texas's readmission to the United States following the Civil War. Texas voters elected state senators in all 30 State Senate districts. The winners of this election served in the 12th Texas Legislature, holding staggered six-year terms. This was the first time the Republican Party had ever won a majority in the Texas Senate, and it would be the only time they would do so until 1996.

1996 Texas Senate election
The 1996 Texas Senate elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state senators in 15 State Senate districts. All of the seats up for this election were for four-year terms, with senators up for re-election in the 2000 elections. The winners of this election served in the 75th Texas Legislature.
Russian tube designations
Vacuum tubes produced in the former Soviet Union and in present-day Russia carry their own unique designations. Some confusion has been created in "translating" these designations, as they use Cyrillic rather than Latin characters.

Iron–hydrogen resistor
An iron–hydrogen resistor consists of a hydrogen-filled glass bulb (similar to a light bulb), in which an iron wire is located.  This resistor has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance.  This characteristic made it useful for stabilizing circuits against fluctuations in power-supply voltages. This device is often called a "barretter" because of its similarity to the barretter used for detection of radio signals. A modern successor to the iron–hydrogen resistor is the semiconductor PTC thermistor.