hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valeriu Alaci
Valeriu Alaci (October 22, 1884–1955) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian mathematician.

Alaci was a native of Cacica, a village in the Duchy of Bukovina. Having lost his father at the age of 3, his mother returned to her hometown, Vaslui, where Valeriu Alaci attended primary school and the Mihail Kogălniceanu Gymnasium. He completed his secondary education at the Roșca Codreanu High School in Bârlad, which he graduated in 1905. He then attended the sciences faculty of the University of Bucharest in the Romanian Old Kingdom, graduating in 1909. He taught mathematics at Dimitrie Cantemir High School in Bucharest and Mircea cel Bătrân High School in Constanța. In 1916–1918, during World War I, he taught at a refugee camp in Sculeni, near Iași. In 1921, he obtained his PhD from the University of Bucharest, with thesis advisor Traian Lalescu, after which he became a professor at Politehnica University of Timișoara.

He died in Timișoara. A street in this city is named after him.

University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (UB) (Romanian: Universitatea din București) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 (1864-07-04) by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (a group of elite Romanian universities).

The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education.
Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
The statutory boards of the Government of Singapore are autonomous organisations that have been tasked to perform an operational function by legal statutes passed as Acts in the Parliament of Singapore. The statutes define the purpose, rights and powers of each authority. These organisations would usually subsequently report to one specific ministry. This list includes both current and new statutory boards formed.

Singapore is a country known for its highly efficient and centralised government system largely due to these statutory boards. They play a significant role in the development and implementation of policies and programs in various sectors of the country.

These boards are responsible for providing essential services and regulating key industries, with the goal of ensuring the welfare and well-being of Singaporeans. The highly centralized and efficient system of statutory boards has contributed to Singapore's success as a modern and prosperous nation.

PSA International
PSA International Pte. Ltd., formerly the Port of Singapore Authority, is a global port operator and supply chain company. One of the largest port operators in the world, PSA's portfolio comprises over 70 deepsea, rail, and inland terminals. The operator is present in more than 180 locations in 45 countries, including flagship operations in Singapore and Belgium, and encompasses supply chain solutions, marine, and digital businesses.
Rhymney Railway M class
The Rhymney Railway M class was a class of 0-6-2T tank locomotive introduced into traffic on the Rhymney Railway in 1904.  These were substantial sized tank engines, and weighed 66 long tons (74 short tons; 67 t) (64 long tons or 72 short tons or 65 tonnes after rebuilding) and were 36 feet 9 inches (11.20 m) in length.

There were six locos in the class. They were built by Robert Stephenson and Company and are sometimes referred to as the Rhymney Stephensons even though Hudswell Clarke and Beyer, Peacock and Company contributed many of the derived designs.

Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 in Forth Street, Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It was the first company in the world created specifically to build railway engines.

Famous early locomotives were Locomotion No. 1 and Rocket. By 1899, 3,000 locomotives had been built at the Forth Street site, and a new company was formed, Robert Stephenson and Company Limited, and the Darlington works was opened.

In 1937, the company merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. In 1944, they became part of English Electric.
Frankie Schneider
Frank E. Schneider (August 11, 1926 – November 11, 2018) was an American stock car, modified, midget, and sprint car racer. He had one NASCAR Grand National Series victory at Old Dominion Speedway in 1958 driving a 1957 Chevrolet. He also won the 1952 NASCAR modified title, where it is suspected that he scored at least 100 wins. Schneider earned his nickname "The Old Master" for his ability to master anything with wheels.

NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (NWMT) (previously the NASCAR Winston Modified Tour and NASCAR Featherlite Modified Series from 1985 until 2005) is a modified stock car racing series owned and operated by NASCAR in the Modified Division.  The Modified Division is NASCAR's oldest division, and is the only open-wheeled division that NASCAR sanctions. NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour events are mainly held in the northeastern United States, but the 2007 and 2008 tours expanded to the Midwest with the addition of a race in Mansfield, Ohio. The tour races primarily on short oval paved tracks, but the NWMT also has made appearances at larger ovals and road courses.
Brajkovac, Lazarevac
Brajkovac, formerly Smrdljikovac, is a village situated in Lazarevac municipality in Serbia.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Kačer during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). The bimbaša (captain) Uzun-Mirko (1782–1868) was from Smrdljikovac.

Lazarevac
Lazarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Лазаревац, pronounced [lazareʋat͡s]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. As of 2022, the town has a total population of 27,635 inhabitants, while the municipal area has a total of 55,146 inhabitants.

Its name stems from the name of medieval Serbian ruler Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović.
Katherine Garrison Chapin
Katherine Garrison Chapin (September 4, 1890 – December 30, 1977), sometimes known by her married name Katherine Biddle, was an American poet, librettist, and playwright. She is best known for two collaborations with composer William Grant Still: And They Lynched Him on a Tree (1940) and Plain-Chant for America (1941).

Chapin began publishing poems in the late 1920s, in the popular press and in literary journals including Poetry. Many of her works, including her two joint compositions with Still, were musical libretti. Her corpus covers a variety of subjects, but evinces a particular fascination with politics and racial justice. Critics regarded her work as skilled, traditional, and somewhat lacking in feeling.

Alain LeRoy Locke
Alain LeRoy Locke (/əˈleɪn/; September 13, 1885 – June 9, 1954) was an American writer, philosopher, and educator. Distinguished in 1907 as the first African American Rhodes Scholar, Locke became known as the philosophical architect—the acknowledged "Dean"—of the Harlem Renaissance. He is frequently included in listings of influential African Americans. On March 19, 1968, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. proclaimed: "We're going to let our children know that the only philosophers that lived were not Plato and Aristotle, but W. E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke came through the universe."
Choeras psarae
Choeras psarae is a species of braconid wasp in the subfamily Microgastrinae of the family Braconidae. It was first described in 1927 by D.S. Wilkinson as Microgaster psarae. In 1981, Mason  transferred the species to the ganus Choeras, a decision accepted by Fernandez-Triana et al, and Korean authorities.

In a later paper (1929), Wilkinson stated that the specimens used to describe the species in 1927 had been bred from the host moths Psara bipunctalis (collected in Kuala Lumpur) and Pilocrocis (Pachyzancla) aegrotalis (collected in Nilambur, Madras, India).

This species has been found in Malaysia, India, Thailand, on the Korean Peninsula, and also in Taiwan, and Sri Lanka.

Microgastrinae
Microgastrinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps, encompassing almost 3,000 described species, with an estimated 30,000–50,000 total species. This makes it one of the richest subfamilies with the most species of parasitoid wasps.
Thomas Gould Jr. House
The Thomas Gould Jr. House is a historic house in Ventura, California. Architect Henry Mather Greene designed the American Craftsman style California bungalow, which was built in 1924. The house is considered one of the best examples of Henry Greene's independent work; most of his other designs were created alongside his brother Charles as Greene & Greene. The two-story house has a wood frame and redwood siding and window casings. The gable roof features truncated ends and a small gable on the front side which resembles a dormer. The house's interior decorations include ceiling moldings, a leaded glass china cabinet, and a carved mirror, the latter being the only piece of furniture designed by Greene himself.

The historic residence was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

California bungalow
California bungalow is an alternative name for the American Craftsman style of residential architecture, when it was applied to small-to-medium-sized homes rather than the large "ultimate bungalow" houses of designers like Greene and Greene. California bungalows became popular in suburban neighborhoods across the United States, and to varying extents elsewhere, from around 1910 to 1939.
Communist Party of Indian Union (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Party of Indian Union (Marxist–Leninist) was an Indian political party. CPIU (ML) traced its origins to a small group that broke away from the Communist Organization of India (Marxist-Leninist) of Kanu Sanyal and joined Marxist Communist Party of India. The merger between CPIU and MCPI took place at a conference in Chandigarh on 11 September 1998. At the time of the merger, the general secretary of CPIU was U. Krishanuppa from Karnataka.

Later, CPIU (ML) broke away from MCPI. CPIU (ML) was mainly based in Bihar and West Bengal.

In August 2003 discussions took place between Kanu Sanyal and Arvind Sinha from CPI (ML) and Subodh Mitra and S.D. Bose about a possible merger between CPIU (ML) and CPI (ML). The conference of CPIU (ML) in Samastipur 18 November 2003 confirmed the merger plans, and CPIU (ML) joined the CPI (ML) of Sanyal.

Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a political organisation in India. COI (ML) was formed in May 1985 through the merger of six different groups;

Organising Committee of Communist Revolutionaries led by Kanu Sanyal

Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Kaimur Range led by Ravi Shankar.

Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Umadhar Singh

A faction of Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) led by Subodh Mitra

Indian Communist Party led by U. Krishnappa

Liberation Front led by Sabuj Sen

Kanu Sanyal was elected general secretary of COI (ML). COI (ML) participated in elections.

In 2003 COI (ML) merged with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Unity Initiative to form a unified CPI (ML).
Madurai Institute of Social Sciences
Madurai Institute of Social Sciences, is a multi faculty research center located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in social sciences. The college is first of its result in South India offering courses related to professional social work and Human Research Management.

Madurai Kamaraj University
Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) is a public state university located in Madurai city, in southern Tamil Nadu, India, that was established in 1966. MKU is one of the 15 universities in India with the University with Potential for Excellence status, which was awarded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. In 2021, the university was awarded an 'A++' grade from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in its 4th cycle.
Mons-lez-Liège
Mons-lez-Liege (Walloon: Mont-dlé-Lidje) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Flémalle, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

The town was also known under the name of Mons-Crotteux until 1977.

It was a separate municipality before the merging of municipalities in 1977. The hamlet of Cahottes was part of Horion-Hozémont until then, but was transferred to Mons-lez-Liège.

It is the birthplace of Louis Antoine, in 1846. He founded the Antoinism in Jemeppe-sur-Meuse in 1910.

50°37′N 05°27′E﻿ / ﻿50.617°N 5.450°E﻿ / 50.617; 5.450

Jemeppe-sur-Meuse
Jemeppe-sur-Meuse (French pronunciation: [ʒəmɛp syʁ møz], literally Jemeppe on Meuse; Walloon: Djimepe-so-Mouze) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Seraing, located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

It was a separate municipality before the merging of municipalities in 1977. The inhabitants are about 10,000 and are called Jemeppians.

This town is best known for its steel industry, and before 1960, its coal mines. The old town has three castles: Ordange Castle, Antoine Castle and Courtejoie Castle. It is also the moral center of Antoinism.
The Hedley Kow
"The Hedley Kow" is an English fairy tale, particular to the village of Hedley on the Hill in Northumberland. It was collected by Joseph Jacobs in More English Fairy Tales in 1894. The story concerns a shapeshifting trickster known as the Hedley Kow.

Flora Annie Steel included in English Fairy Tales, renaming it "The Bogey Beast".

English Fairy Tales
English Fairy Tales is a book containing a collection of 41 fairy tales retold by Flora Annie Steel and published in 1918 by Macmillan and Co., Limited, London. It was illustrated by Arthur Rackham and entails a variety of fairy tales featuring mythical creatures, heroic figures, and moral lessons. The book explores themes including the struggle between good and evil and the importance of courage and intelligence. It provides readers with an insight into the realm of British folklore by offering a comprehensive collection of English folk narratives, thereby enhancing the accessibility of these stories for readers of the time and beyond. Originally, the tales featured in the book were primarily published in 1890 and 1894 by Joseph Jacobs.
The Drifters Girl
The Drifters Girl is a jukebox musical with a book by Ed Curtis based on an idea by Tina Treadwell. It is based on the story of the American vocal group The Drifters and their manager from 1967 until 2001, Faye Treadwell. The musical features The Drifters' music.

Jukebox musical
A jukebox musical is a stage musical or musical film in which a majority of the songs are well-known, pre-existing popular music songs, rather than original music composed for the musical.

Some jukebox musicals use a wide variety of songs, while others confine themselves to songs previously performed by one singer or band, or written by one songwriter. In such cases, the plot is often a biography of the artist or artists. In other jukebox musicals, the plot is purely fictional. For musicals about a musician or musical act, some of the songs can be diegetic, meaning that they are performed within the world of the play or film. Works in which all of the music is diegetic, however, such as a biographical film about a singer who is at times shown performing their songs, are generally not considered jukebox musicals.

Revues that lack a plot are also usually not described as jukebox musicals, although plotless shows that include a dance element sometimes are.
Jeremiah Curtin
Jeremiah Curtin (6 September 1835 – 14 December 1906) was an American ethnographer, folklorist, and translator. Curtin had an abiding interest in languages and was conversant with several. From 1883 to 1891 he was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology as a field researcher documenting the customs and mythologies of various Native American tribes.

He and his wife, Alma Cardell Curtin, traveled extensively, collecting ethnological information, from the Modocs of the Pacific Northwest to the Buryats of Siberia.

They made several trips to Ireland, visited the Aran Islands, and, with the aid of interpreters, collected folklore in southwest Munster and other Gaelic-speaking regions. Curtin compiled one of the first accurate collections of Irish folk material, and was an important source for W. B. Yeats. Curtin is known for several collections of Irish folktales.

He also translated into English Henryk Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis and other novels and stories by the Pole.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
Baizhuang, Qinghai
Baizhuang (Chinese: 白庄镇) is a town in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, Haidong, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Baizhuang had a total population of 20,919 people: 10,516 males and 10,403 females: 6,058 under 14 years old, 13,419 aged between 15 and 64 and 1,442 over 65 years old.

Haidong
36°28′24″N 102°24′38″E﻿ / ﻿36.4734°N 102.4106°E﻿ / 36.4734; 102.4106

Haidong (Chinese: 海东市; pinyin: Hǎidōng shì) is a prefecture-level city of Qinghai province in Western China. Its name literally means "east of the (Qinghai) Lake." On 8 February 2013 Haidong was upgraded from a prefecture (海东地区) into a prefecture-level city. Haidong is the third most populous administrative division in Qinghai after Xining and Golmud.

Haidong was historically populated by the Qiang people, although the area has been inhabited as early as 6000 years ago. In 121 BC the area was captured by Huo Qubing, defeating the Xiongnu. In 399 AD the Xianbei founded the state of Nanliang, with its capital in Ledu District.
Colourful Life
Colourful Life (Chinese: 錦繡良緣; Jyutping: gam2 sau3 loeng4 jyun4) is a 2001 Hong Kong, ancient costumed comedy drama produced by TVB, starring Annie Man and Frankie Lam as the main leads with Gigi Wong, Louis Yuen, Ronald Cheng, Louisa So, Florence Kwok, Cutie Mui, Myolie Wu and Mimi Chu as supporting leads. The series is helmed by executive producer Mui Siu Ching and was aired as a Lunar New Year drama. Original broadcast of the series began on January 15 till February 9, 2001 on TVB's Jade channel, Monday-Friday during its 9:15-10:20 p.m. timeslot.

Princess Wencheng
Princess Wencheng (Chinese: 文成公主; pinyin: Wénchéng Gōngzhǔ; Tibetan: མུན་ཆང་ཀོང་ཅོ, Wylie: mun chang kong co) was a princess and member of a minor branch of the imperial clan of the Tang dynasty, who married King Songtsen Gampo of the Tibetan Empire in 641. She is also known by the name Gyasa or "Chinese wife" in Tibet. Both Wencheng and Songtsen Gampo's first wife, Nepali princess Bhrikuti, are considered to be physical manifestations of the bodhisattvas White Tara and Green Tara respectively.
Biopharma Credit
Biopharma Credit (LSE: BPCR), is a large British investment trust focused on investments in debt secured on life science products. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Argolis and Corinthia Prefecture
Argolis and Corinthia Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Ἀργολίδος καὶ Κορινθίας), commonly known as Argolidocorinthia (Ἀργολιδοκορινθία), was one of the prefectures of Greece. Its capital was Nafplio. It was one of the first prefectures established, first in 1833–1836 and again from 1845 until 1899, when it was split into Argolis Prefecture and Corinthia Prefecture. The split was reversed in the 1909 administrative reform, and the prefecture existed until split again in 1947.

The northern half became Corinthia with its capital at the city of Corinth, the southern half became Argolis with its capital at Nafplio. The islands Hydra, Spetses, and Kythira in the south became part of the Attica Prefecture.

Attica Prefecture
Attica Prefecture (Greek: Νομὸς Ἀττικῆς) was a prefecture of Greece, first established in 1833 and disestablished for the last time in 1987. The prefecture was coextensive with the present-day Attica region.
Itoi Shigesato no Bass Tsuri No. 1
Itoi Shigesato no Bass Tsuri No. 1 (糸井重里のバス釣りNo. 1; "Shigesato Itoi's No. 1 Bass Fishing") is a fishing video game developed and released only in Japan for the Super Famicom on February 21, 1997 and updated for broadcast as eight different episodes on the Satellaview subsystem between April and November 1997. On March 31, 2000, the latest version of the game was released for the Nintendo 64 as the Definitive Edition (糸井重里のバス釣りNo. 1決定版!). The game allows the player to play as the creator of the game, Shigesato Itoi, and includes a host of animal characters who occasionally appear in the game. The SA-1 was used in the Super Famicom version.

Fishing video game
A fishing video game is a genre of video games in which the player conducts virtual recreational fishing, usually in the form of angling and/or fishing tournaments.

Considered a subset of sports video games, and although not as prolific as other genres, fishing video games have historically been popular and have been released in arcade, console, PC and mobile platforms.
Amorphophallus
Amorphophallus is a large genus of some 200 tropical and subtropical tuberous herbaceous plants from the arum family (Araceae), native to Asia, Africa, Australia and various oceanic islands. The genus includes the Titan arum (A. titanum) of Indonesia, which has the largest inflorescence in the genus, and is known as the 'corpse flower' for the pungent odour it produces during its flowering period, which can take up to seven years of growth before it occurs.

A few species are edible as "famine foods" after careful preparation to remove irritating chemicals.

Amorphophallus konjac
Amorphophallus konjac, commonly known as konnyaku or konjac, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. In English, it is also referred to as devil's tongue, voodoo lily, snake palm, or elephant yam.

The perennial species forms a corm, the stem of which produces a purplish flower. It is native to China and is cultivated in East and Southeast Asia. Food made from the corm is known by its Japanese name, konnyaku.: 595  It can be made into white or black cake, as well as a kind of noodle called shirataki.
Mülverstedt
Mülverstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈmʏlvɐʃtɛt]) is a village and a former municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Unstrut-Hainich.

Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) the districts Eichsfeld, Kyffhäuserkreis, Sömmerda, Gotha, Wartburgkreis and the district Werra-Meißner in Hesse.