hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doria (family)
The House of Doria (Ligurian: Döia [ˈdɔːja]) originally de Auria (from de filiis Auriae), meaning "the sons of Auria", and then de Oria or d'Oria, is an old and extremely wealthy Genoese family who played a major role in the history of the Republic of Genoa and in Italy, from the 12th century to the 16th century. Numerous members of the dynasty ruled the republic first as Capitano del popolo and later as Doge.

Prince of Melfi
The title of Prince of Melfi is an Italian noble title that was granted to Andrea Doria, a famous admiral, statesman and condottiere from the Republic of Genoa, in 1531, along with the lands of the country of Melfi by Charles V. The title was handed to his grandson Giovanni Andrea Doria upon Andrea's death.

The title continued to be held by Andrea's descendants well through the 17th to 20th centuries. The title ceased to exist in 2000 when the last direct descent of the Doria-Pamphilii-Landi family died.
Coforge
Coforge Limited, formerly known as NIIT Technologies Limited, is an Indian multinational information technology company based in Noida. The company's stock trades on the Bombay Stock Exchange and on the National Stock Exchange of India under the ticker symbol COFORGE.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Historia de Sancto Cuthberto
The Historia de Sancto Cuthberto ("History of St Cuthbert") is a historical compilation finished some time after 1031. It is an account of the history of the bishopric of St Cuthbert—based successively at Lindisfarne, Norham, Chester-le-Street and finally Durham—from the life of St Cuthbert himself onwards. The latest event documented is a grant by King Cnut, c. 1031. The work is a cartulary chronicle recording grants and losses of property as well as miracles of retribution, under a loose narrative of temporal progression. The text survives in three manuscripts, the earliest of which dates from around 1100. The original version of the text is not thought to be extant; rather, all surviving manuscripts are thought to be copies of an earlier but lost exemplar. The Historia is one of the sources for the histories produced at Durham in the early 12th century, particularly the Historia Regum and Symeon of Durham's Libellus de Exordio.

Libellus de exordio
The Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est Dunhelmensis, ecclesie (English: Tract on the Origins and Progress of this the Church of Durham), in short Libellus de exordio, is a historical work of marked literary character composed and compiled in the early 12th-century and traditionally attributed to Symeon of Durham. It relates the history of bishopric and church of Durham and its predecessors at Lindisfarne and Chester-le-Street (Cunecacestre). It is sometimes also known as the Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae (English: History of the Church of Durham).

The text survives in a number of medieval manuscripts, each with its own history, and containing different interpolations and notes. An English translation was published in 1885.

Its coverage extends from the beginning of Christianity among the English of Northumbria and the foundation of a bishopric at Lindisfarne, to the death of Bishop William of Saint-Calais in 1096.
Blunt-jawed elephantnose
The blunt-jawed elephantnose or wormjawed mormyrid (Campylomormyrus tamandua) is a species of elephantfish. It is found in rivers in West and Middle Africa. It is brown or black with a long elephant-like snout with the mouth located near the tip. Its diet consists of worms, fish, and insects.

Mormyridae
The Mormyridae, sometimes called elephantfish (more properly freshwater elephantfish), are a family of weakly electric fish in the order Osteoglossiformes native to Africa. It is by far the largest family in the order, with around 200 species. Members of the family can be popular, if challenging, aquarium species. These fish have a large brain size and unusually high intelligence.

They are not to be confused with the marine and brackish-water callorhinchid elephantfish (family Callorhinchidae) of Southern Hemisphere oceans.
Non-ministerial government department
Non-ministerial government departments, also called non-ministerial departments (NMDs), are a type of department of the United Kingdom government that deal with matters for which direct political oversight has been judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are typically headed by senior civil servants. Some fulfil a regulatory or inspection function, and their status is therefore intended to protect them from political interference.  Some are headed by a permanent office holder, such as a Permanent Secretary or Second Permanent Secretary.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
U.S. Route 331
U.S. Route 331 is a spur of U.S. Route 31.  It currently runs for 151 miles (243 km) from Montgomery, Alabama at U.S. Route 80 and U.S. Route 82 to Santa Rosa Beach, Florida east of Fort Walton Beach at U.S. Route 98. Unlike U.S. Route 131, U.S. Route 231, and U.S. Route 431, U.S. 331 never intersects with its "parent" route, U.S. Route 31; the two routes come within 4 miles (6.4 km) of each other in Montgomery.

U.S. Route 231
U.S. Route 231 (US 231) is a north–south U.S highway that is a parallel route of US 31. It runs for 912 miles (1,468 km) from St. John, Indiana, at US 41 to south of US 98 in downtown Panama City, Florida.
One of its most notable landmarks is the William H. Natcher Bridge, a 0.853 miles (1.373 km) long cable-stayed bridge that connects Rockport, Indiana, to Owensboro, Kentucky, spanning the Ohio River.
Mark Golovkov
Metropolitan Mark (Russian: Митрополит Марк, secular name Sergey Anatolievich Golovkov, Russian: Сергей Анатольевич Головков; born 31 March 1964), is a bishop in the Russian Orthodox Church. He holds the title of "Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Ryazan and Mikhailovsky, head of the Ryazan Metropolis", as well as "Metropolitan of Budapest and Hungary".

In the past he was titular bishop of Bogorodsk, the title given to the head of the Parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in Italy.

Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow
Patriarch Alexy II (or Alexius II, Russian: Патриарх Алексий II; secular name Aleksei Mikhailovich Ridiger Russian: Алексе́й Миха́йлович Ри́дигер; 23 February 1929 – 5 December 2008) was the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Elected Patriarch of Moscow in 1990, eighteen months before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he became the first Russian Patriarch of the post-Soviet period.
Cobweb model
The cobweb model or cobweb theory is an economic model that explains why prices may be subjected to periodic fluctuations in certain types of markets. It describes cyclical supply and demand in a market where the amount produced must be chosen before prices are observed. Producers' expectations about prices are assumed to be based on observations of previous prices. Nicholas Kaldor analyzed the model in 1934, coining the term "cobweb theorem" (see Kaldor, 1938 and Pashigian, 2008), citing previous analyses in German by Henry Schultz and Umberto Ricci.

Economic model
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. A model may have various exogenous variables, and those variables may change to create various responses by economic variables. Methodological uses of models include investigation, theorizing, and fitting theories to the world.
2015 Big Ten men's lacrosse tournament
The 2015 Big Ten Men's Lacrosse Tournament took place April 30 to May 2 at Capital One Field at Byrd Stadium in  College Park, Maryland. The winner of the tournament received the Big Ten Conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship. Four teams competed in the inaugural Big Ten Conference Men's Lacrosse Tournament in a single elimination format. The seeds were based upon the teams' regular season conference record. Johns Hopkins won the tournament, beating Ohio State 13-6.

2015 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship was the 45th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national championship for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college lacrosse.  Eighteen teams competed in the tournament, selected by winning an automatic qualifying conference tournament or as an at-large team based upon their performance during the regular season. The 18 teams were announced on May 3.
Larbert, New South Wales
Larbert is a locality in the Queanbeyan-Palerang Region of the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales. It lies mostly north of the Kings Highway between Bungendore and Braidwood where it crosses the Shoalhaven River. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 34.

Kings Highway (Australia)
Kings Highway is an interstate highway located within the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The highway connects Canberra with Batemans Bay on the South Coast. It is designated route B52.
Thereianthus bulbiferus
Thereianthus bulbiferus is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is a perennial geophyte and is part of the fynbos and renosterveld. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from Piketberg to Gouda and Paarl. The plant has lost 70% of its habitat to crop cultivation, urban development and uncontrolled fires, the plant requires fire to flower.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Grand Parade (Cape Town)
The Grand Parade is the main public square in Cape Town, South Africa.

The square is surrounded by the Cape Town City Hall, the Castle of Good Hope, and the Cape Town railway station.

The square is generally used as a market place and parking area but has also been the venue of major political rallies. It was the first place where Nelson Mandela addressed South Africans following his release from prison in 1990 and also following his election as president on 9 May 1994.

The Grand Parade underwent extensive upgrades prior to being the venue for the 2010 World Cup FIFA Fan Fest in Cape Town.

Castle of Good Hope
The Castle of Good Hope (Dutch: Kasteel de Goede Hoop; Afrikaans: Kasteel die Goeie Hoop) is a 17th century bastion fort in Cape Town, South Africa. Originally located on the coastline of Table Bay, following land reclamation the fort is now located inland. In 1936 the Castle was declared a historical monument (now a provincial heritage site) and following restorations in the 1980's it is considered the best preserved example of a Dutch East India Company fort.
Sankt Jakob in Haus
Sankt Jakob in Haus is a municipality in the Kitzbühel district in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 13.60 km (8.45 mi) northeast of Kitzbühel as well as 2.50 km (1.55 mi) above Fieberbrunn. It is the smallest community in the district. The village was mentioned in documents for the first time in 1308 but settlement already began in the 10th century. The main source of income is tourism.

Fieberbrunn
Fieberbrunn is a market town in the Austrian state of Tyrol in the Kitzbühel district. It is located at 47°28′N 12°33′E﻿ / ﻿47.467°N 12.550°E﻿ / 47.467; 12.550, in the Kitzbühel Alps. Fieberbrunn is the most populous municipality in the Pillerseetal valley.

According to a legend, the fountain near its church, and later also the market town received the name Fieberbrunn (fever well) when Tyrolean Countess Margarete Maultasch was healed from fever after drinking from it. Previously the market town was named Pramau.

Fieberbrunn is a winter sports resort and venue of international snowboarding events (like Lords of the Boards), as well as a hiking and mountaineering resort in summer. Since 2006 Fieberbrunn is venue of a new event called 'SNOWFEVER', which is one of the biggest Big Mountain Events in Austria. It is also home of the churchjump.

Schloss Rosenegg is nearby. The bathing lake of the Lauchsee is important for summer tourism.
Pie menu
In user interface design, a pie menu or radial menu is a circular context menu where selection depends on direction. It is a graphical control element. A pie menu is made of several "pie slices" around an inactive center and works best with stylus input, and well with a mouse. Pie slices are drawn with a hole in the middle for an easy way to exit the menu.

Pie menus work well with keyboard acceleration, particularly four and eight item menus, on the cursor keys and the number pad. A goal of pie menus is to provide a smooth, reliable gestural style of interaction for novices and experts. A slice can lead to another pie menu; selecting this may center the pointer in the new menu.

A marking menu is a variant of this technique that makes the menu less sensitive to variance in gesture size.

As a kind of context menu, pie menus are often context-sensitive, showing different options depending on what the pointer was pointing at when the menu was requested.

Stylus (computing)
In computing, a stylus (or stylus pen) is a small pen-shaped instrument whose tip position on a computer monitor can be detected. It is used to draw, or make selections by tapping. While devices with touchscreens such as laptops, smartphones, game consoles, and graphics tablets can usually be operated with a fingertip, a stylus can provide more accurate and controllable input.
Battle of Guadalete
The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, fought in July 711 at an unidentified location in what is now southern Spain between the Visigoths under their king, Roderic, and the invading forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, composed of mainly Berbers and some Arabs under the commander Tariq ibn Ziyad. The battle was significant as the culmination of a series of Umayyad attacks and the beginning of al-Andalus. Roderic was killed in the battle, along with many members of the Visigothic nobility, opening the way for the capture of the Visigothic capital of Toledo.

Ibn Hayyan
Abū Marwān Ḥayyān ibn Khalaf ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ḥayyān al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī (Arabic: ابن حيَّان القرطبي) (987–1075), usually known as Ibn Hayyan, was an Arab Muslim historian from Al-Andalus. His work provides an early reference to Viking raiders, called Majus by him.
Rattini
Rattini is a very large, diverse tribe of muroid rodents in the subfamily Murinae. They are found throughout Asia and Australasia, with a few species ranging into Europe and northern Africa. The most well-known members of this group are the true rats (genus Rattus), several species of which have been introduced worldwide.

Eurasian harvest mouse
The harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is a small rodent native to Europe and Asia. It is typically found in fields of cereal crops, such as wheat, rice and oats, in reed beds and in other tall ground vegetation, such as long grass and hedgerows. It has reddish-brown fur with white underparts and a naked, highly prehensile tail, which it uses for climbing. It is the smallest European rodent; an adult may weigh as little as 4 grams (0.14 oz). It eats chiefly seeds and insects, but also nectar and fruit. Breeding nests are spherical constructions carefully woven from grass and attached to stems well above the ground.
Archdiocese of Toamasina
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toamasina (Latin: Toamasinen(sis)) is one of five Latin Metropolitan archdioceses on Madagascar, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Cathédrale Saint Joseph, dedicated to Saint Joseph in the city of Toamasina. It was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan Archdiocese by Pope Benedict XVI on Friday, February 26, 2010.

Company of Mary
The Company of Mary (Latin: Societas Mariae Monfortana; abbreviated SMM), commonly known as the Montfort Missionaries, is a missionary religious congregation within the Catholic Church. The community was founded by Saint Louis de Montfort in 1705 with the recruitment of his first missionary disciple, Mathurin Rangeard. The congregation is made up of priests and brothers who serve both in the native lands and in other countries. The Montfortian Family comprises three groups: the Company of Mary, the Daughters of Wisdom and the Brothers of Saint Gabriel.
Turbidite
A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of amalgamation of fluidal and sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.

Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.

This occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction, creating a resistance to motion; this is known as the null point hypothesis. Deposition can also refer to the buildup of sediment from organically derived matter or chemical processes. For example, chalk is made up partly of the microscopic calcium carbonate skeletons of marine plankton, the deposition of which induced chemical processes (diagenesis) to deposit further calcium carbonate. Similarly, the formation of coal begins with the deposition of organic material, mainly from plants, in anaerobic conditions.
2022 Copa Sevilla
The 2022 Copa Sevilla was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 24th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Seville, Spain between 5 and 10 September 2022.

2022 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2022 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2022 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 184 tournaments with prize money ranging from $37,520 up to $159,360. It was the 45th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 14th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Lanny A. Breuer
Lanny Arthur Breuer (born August 5, 1958) is an American criminal defense lawyer who currently serves as vice chair of Covington & Burling LLP. From 2009 to 2013, he served as Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice under President Barack Obama. From 1997 to 1999, he served as Special Counsel to President Bill Clinton.  He is a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers.

United States Department of Justice Criminal Division
The United States Department of Justice Criminal Division is a federal agency of the United States Department of Justice that develops, enforces, and supervises the application of all federal criminal laws in the United States. Criminal Division attorneys prosecute many nationally significant cases and formulate and implement criminal enforcement policy. Division attorneys also provide advice and guidance to the attorney general of the United States, the United States Congress, and the White House on matters of criminal law. The Division was founded in 1919.
Macquarie River railway bridge, Dubbo
The Dubbo rail bridge over Macquarie River – Wambuul is a heritage-listed railway bridge on the Main Western line across the Macquarie River, located west of the Dubbo central business district in New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Whitton as the Engineer-in-Chief for the New South Wales Government Railways. The bridge was built during 1884 by Benjamin Barnes, with ironwork by Cochrane & Co, Middlesborough, England. The railway bridge is also known as the Dubbo Lattice Railway Bridge. The property is owned by Transport Asset Manager of New South Wales, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. The bridge was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 and was listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate on 18 April 1989.

The bridge is sited 462.762 kilometres (287.547 mi) from Sydney Central station.

Engineers Australia
Engineers Australia (EA), known formally as the Institution of Engineers, Australia, is an Australian professional body and not-for-profit organisation whose purpose is to advance the science and practice of engineering for the benefit of the community. Engineers Australia is Australia's recognised organisation for accreditation of professional engineering qualifications under the Washington Accord. As of 2022, EA has 115,000 members, which includes 31,000 students.
Bundesautobahn 37
Bundesautobahn 37 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 37, short form Autobahn 37, abbreviated as BAB 37 or A 37) is an autobahn in the Region Hannover, Germany. It consists of two parts, one connecting the borough of Hannover-Buchholz to Burgdorf via Altwarmbüchen, the other connecting the Hanover fairground to the A 7. The two parts are linked by the B 3, the whole system is known as the Messeschnellweg (fairground expressway).

During large fairs, for example CeBIT or Hannover Messe, the Messeschnellweg can be transformed to a four-lane one way road on the fly to allow for quicker travel to and from the fairground.

Bundesstraße 3
The Bundesstraße 3 (abbr. B3) is one of the longest federal highways in Germany. It begins in Buxtehude and continues through Bergen, Celle, Hanover, Alfeld, Einbeck, Göttingen, Kassel, Marburg, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe and Freiburg in southwestern Germany and ends at Weil-Otterbach on the border with Switzerland. Between Darmstadt and Wiesloch it is referred to as Ferienstraße Bergstraße.
Panayot Butchvarov
Panayot Butchvarov (Bulgarian: Панайот Бъчваров; born April 2, 1933, in Sofia, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian-born American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Iowa.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.