hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apologetics
Apologetics (from Ancient Greek  ἀπολογία (apología) 'speech in defense') is the religious discipline of  defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, apologetics is often identified with debates over religion and theology.

Scott Hahn
Scott Walker Hahn (born October 28, 1957) is an American author, theologian and Catholic apologist.

Hahn is the author of over 50 books regarding Catholic theology, Church history and Bible studies. Hahn currently teaches at the Franciscan University of Steubenville in Ohio. He has also lectured at the Pontifical College Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio. Hahn has delivered thousands of popular talks and academic lectures, nationally and internationally.

Hahn was a Presbyterian minister before converting to Catholicism. His popular works include Rome Sweet Home and The Lamb's Supper: The Mass as Heaven on Earth. His lectures have been featured in multiple audio distributions through Lighthouse Catholic Media. Hahn is known for his research on Early Christianity during the Apostolic Age and various theoretical works concerning the early Church Fathers.
2016 Russell Athletic Bowl
The 2016 Russell Athletic Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 28, 2016 at the Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 27th edition of the Russell Athletic Bowl featured the West Virginia Mountaineers of the Big 12 Conference against the Miami Hurricanes of the Atlantic Coast Conference. It was one of the 2016–17 bowl games that concluded the 2016 FBS football season.  The game's naming rights sponsor is the Russell Athletic uniform company.

Pop-Tarts Bowl
The Pop-Tarts Bowl is an annual college football bowl game that is played in Orlando, Florida, at Camping World Stadium. Originally commissioned as the Sunshine Classic, it has undergone many name changes due to sponsorship rights. It is currently named after the Pop-Tarts brand of toaster pastries, produced and distributed by Kellanova (formerly Kellogg's).

The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group which also organizes the Citrus Bowl and the Florida Classic. It was first played in 1990 in Miami Gardens, Florida, before moving to Orlando in 2001. The game has tie-ins with the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and Big 12 Conference. In the College Football Playoff (CFP) era, the bowl seeks to match the top non-CFP selection from the ACC (inclusive of Notre Dame) against the second non-CFP selection from the Big 12.
2019 Northeast Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2019 Northeast Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Northeast Conference held on November 8 and 10, 2019. The three-match tournament took place at Central Connecticut Soccer Field in New Britain, Connecticut, home of the regular season champions and tournament #1 seed Central Connecticut State Blue Devils. The four-team single-elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Central Connecticut State Blue Devils who successfully defended their title, defeating the Fairleigh Dickinson Knights 1–0 in the final. This was the tenth Northeast Conference tournament title for the Central Connecticut women's soccer program, eight of which have come under the direction of head coach Mick D'Arcy.

Central Connecticut Blue Devils
The Central Connecticut Blue Devils are composed of 16 teams representing Central Connecticut State University in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, and track and field. Men's sports include baseball and football. Women's sports include volleyball, lacrosse, swimming & diving, and softball. The Blue Devils compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Northeast Conference.
Children of Crisis
Children of Crisis is a social study of children in the United States written by child psychiatrist Robert Coles and published in five volumes by Little, Brown and Company between 1967 and 1977. In 2003, the publisher released a one-volume compilation of selections from the series with a new introduction by the author. Volumes 2 and 3 shared (with Frances FitzGerald's Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam) the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.

Child and adolescent psychiatry
Child and adolescent psychiatry (or pediatric psychiatry) is a branch of psychiatry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders in children, adolescents, and their families. It investigates the biopsychosocial factors that influence the development and course of psychiatric disorders and treatment responses to various interventions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists primarily use psychotherapy and/or medication to treat mental disorders in the pediatric population.
NGC 2336
NGC 2336 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is located at a distance of about 100 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2336 is about 200,000 light years across. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876.

Wilhelm Tempel
Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (4 December 1821 – 16 March 1889), normally known as Wilhelm Tempel, was a German astronomer who worked in Marseille until the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, then later moved to Italy.

Tempel was born at Niedercunnersdorf, Saxony. He was a prolific discoverer of comets, discovering or co-discovering 21 in all, including Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, now known to be the parent body of the Leonid meteor shower, and 9P/Tempel, the target of the NASA probe Deep Impact in 2005. Other periodic comets that bear his name include 10P/Tempel and 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR.

In 1861, he was awarded the Lalande Prize. He won the Prix Valz for the year 1880. The main-belt asteroid 3808 Tempel and the lunar crater Tempel are named after him.
Tche music
Tchê music or chê music is a variation of the traditional music style from the most southern state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. It incorporates elements from Bahian music (north-east), of the Chorinho (ancient Brazilian style), the Pagode (a variation of Samba), the Samba itself is also used, folk and dance music, to the most common musical rhythms of Rio Grande do Sul, like the Chamamé, Vaneira and Xote.

Choro
Choro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃoɾu], "cry" or "lament"), also popularly called chorinho ("little cry" or "little lament"), is an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Despite its name, the music often has a fast and happy rhythm. It is characterized by virtuosity, improvisation and subtle modulations, and is full of syncopation and counterpoint. Choro is considered the first characteristically Brazilian genre of urban popular music. The serenaders who play choros are known as chorões.
Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh
Balrampur district is one of the districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is a part of Devipatan division as well as the historic Awadh regions. It has been cut from the adjacent district Gonda in 1997. Located on the banks of the West Rapti River. Balrampur is known for the temple of Pateshwari Devi, a Shakti Pitha, and for the ruins of the nearby ancient city of Sravasti, now a pilgrimage site for Buddhists and Jains. The nearest airport is Shravasti airport 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi) from the town but it is not an international and regular airport; the nearest international and regular airport is Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow, 235 kilometres (146 mi) away. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh and is 220 kilometres (140 mi) from Balrampur district headquarters.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Alfonso I del Carretto
Alfonso I del Carretto (1457, in Finale Ligure – 1516, in Finale Ligure) was an Italian noble who was the Marquis of Finale from 1482 till 1499 and then again from 1514 till 1516. He was also appointed an Imperial vicar in the Holy Roman Empire from 1498.

Imperial vicar
An imperial vicar (German: Reichsvikar) was a prince charged with administering all or part of the Holy Roman Empire on behalf of the emperor. Later, an imperial vicar was invariably one of two princes charged by the Golden Bull with administering the Holy Roman Empire during an interregnum.
Majorca, Victoria
Majorca is a locality in central Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Central Goldfields, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of Maryborough and 171 kilometres (106 mi) north west of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Majorca and the surrounding rural area had a population of 387. By the time of the 2016 census the population had declined to 211.

Maryborough, Victoria
Maryborough (/ˈmɛəribərə/) is a town in Victoria, Australia, on the Pyrenees Highway, 58 kilometres (36 mi) north of Ballarat and 168 kilometres (104 mi) northwest of Melbourne, in the Shire of Central Goldfields. At the 2021 census, the urban centre had a population of 7,769, while the larger Level 2 Statistical Area which includes the urban fringe, had a population of 8,160, both an increase of more than 3% since 2016.
Damoiseau (crater)
Damoiseau is a lunar impact crater that is located just to the west of the Oceanus Procellarum, in the western part of the Moon's near side. It lies due east of the prominent crater Grimaldi, a walled plain with a distinctive dark floor. Due south of Damoiseau is the crater Sirsalis.

The low outer rim of Damoiseau is not quite circular, having an outward protrusion to the northeast and smaller bulges to the north and southeast. The interior floor is irregular and complex, with a series of fractures (similar to Vitello). The crater is concentric with a larger, older crater designated Damoiseau M that is approximately twice the diameter. This outer feature is missing a rim to the northeast where it intersects the lunar mare.

To the southeast is a rille system named the Rimae Grimaldi. This continues to the west and south, for a maximum dimension of 230 kilometers.

Damoiseau was formally named by the IAU in 1935.  Its satellite craters were named in 2006.

Vitello (crater)
Vitello is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of the small Mare Humorum, in the southwest part of the Moon's near side. It was named after 13th century Polish theologian and physicist Vitello. It lies just to the east of the lava-flooded crater Lee. To the northeast along the edge of the lunar mare is the Rupes Kelvin, an irregular fault line.
Wangyefu
Wangyefu Town (Chinese: 王爷府镇, Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ) is a town in the Harqin Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It is 67 kilometres south of Chifeng. According to the 2010 census, the population is around 30,000.

Chifeng
Chifeng, also known as Ulankhad in Mongolian, is a prefecture-level city in Southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, Chaoyang (Liaoning) to the southeast and Chengde (Hebei) to the south. The city has a total administrative area of 90,275 km2 (34,855 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, had a population of 4,035,967 inhabitants (4,341,245 in 2010). However, 1,175,391 of those residents lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Hongshan and Songshan, as Yuanbaoshan is not conurbated yet. However, a large part of Songshan district is still rural and Yuanbaoshan district a de facto separate town 27 kilometers away from the core district of Chifeng. The city was the administrative center of the previous Ju Ud League.
2009–10 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1
The 2009–10 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1(Tunisian Professional League)  season was the 84th season of top-tier football in Tunisia. The competition began on 27 July 2009, and concluded on 15 May 2010. The defending champions from the previous season are Espérance de Tunis.

2008–09 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1
The 2008–09 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 was the 83rd season of top-tier football in Tunisia. It began on 8 August 2008 and concluded on 13 May 2009. The competition saw the return of two previous participants, Avenir Sportif de Kasserine and Espoir Sportif de Hammam-Sousse from Ligue Professionnelle 2. Espérance de Tunis won the championship while previous year's winnersClub Africain finished in second place.
1912 English cricket season
1912 was the 23rd season of County Championship cricket in England. The much-criticised Triangular Tournament of Test Matches was held between England, Australia and South Africa. The contest was affected by one of the wettest summers on record and was never repeated. England retained the Ashes, having defeated Australia in one Test.

1912 Triangular Tournament
The 1912 Triangular Tournament was a Test cricket competition played between Australia, England and South Africa, the only Test-playing nations at the time.

The ultimate winners of the tournament were England, with four wins in their six matches, but the tournament was deemed a failure, with disappointing crowds and uncompetitive cricket, caused in part by a weakened Australia team.

The tournament was the first tournament in Test history to be played between more than two nations. It was the only such tournament until the Asian Test Championships of 1998–99 and 2001–02, and the ICC World Test Championship which began in 2019.
At the Carnival
At The Carnival is a puzzle video game by Cliff Johnson published in 1989 by Miles Computing.

It was intended to be the first of a series of games called Puzzle Gallery, but Miles Computing went out of business before any further games could be made.

At The Carnival is a collection of games similar to some in The Fool's Errand, but with enhanced user interfaces. The endgame puzzle is simpler compared to Fool's Errand and 3 in Three, consisting merely of a crossword puzzle filled by key words found in other solved puzzles.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Titlagarh Assembly constituency
Titilagarh is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Balangir district, Odisha. After 2008 Delimitation, Saintala Assembly constituency was subsumed into this constituency.

This constituency includes Titlagarh, Titilagarh block, Saintala block and Tentulikhunti (Gudvella) block.

Balangir district
Balangir district, also called Bolangir district, is a district situated in Odisha state of India. The district has an area of 6,575 km2 (2,539 sq mi), and a population of 1,648,997 (2011 census). The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The composition of the land is predominantly rural. Other important towns in Balangir district are Titlagarh, Patnagarh, Kantabanji, Loisingha, Saintala, Belpada, Tushra, Agalpur, Deogaon, Chudapali, Biripali, Bhalumunda, Bangomunda, Sindhekela, Kansil, Turekela and Muribahal.
Cora G. Burwell
Cora Gertrude Burwell (June 25, 1883 – June 20, 1982) was an American astronomical researcher specialized in stellar spectroscopy. She was based at Mount Wilson Observatory from 1907 to 1949. Burwell compiled several catalogs of Be stars before 1950, and co-authored papers with astronomers Dorrit Hoffleit, Henrietta Hill Swope, Walter Sydney Adams, Milton L. Humason, and Paul W. Merrill.

Milton L. Humason
Milton La Salle Humason (August 19, 1891 – June 18, 1972) was an American astronomer. He worked with Edwin Hubble to measure the redshift of nebulas in the early 20th century, providing evidence of the expansion of the universe.
Khurshid Alam Babul
Khurshid Alam Babul (Bengali: খুরশিদ আলম বাবুল) is a retired former Bangladeshi footballer. A defensive midfielder, he achieved most of his success while playing for Abahani Krira Chakra in the Dhaka First Division League during his decade-long spell with the club starting in 1977. He won league title with Abahani in 1977, 1981, 1983, 1984 and 1985. In 1987 he won the title with Mohammedan. Thus he joined an elite list of players who had won the First Division title with both clubs. He also represented Bangladesh national team, and was captain in 1979, 1983 and again in 1986.

Football at the 1985 South Asian Games
The men's football tournament at the 1985 South Asian Games was held from 21 to 25 December 1985 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nepal was the defending champion.

India won the tournament by defeating Bangladesh in the final.
20, Ashoka Road
20, Ashoka Road, officially Sanchar Bhawan, is the headquarters of the Union Ministry of Communications and Information Technology of India. It is also the headquarters of Department of Telecommunications of the ministry. The building is situated in the heart of the Indian capital, New Delhi. It is very similar in design to the Reserve Bank of India's Mumbai headquarters, and both were designed by the same architect, Firoz Kudianwala.

Minister of Communications (India)
The minister of communications (Hindi: संचार मंत्री) is the head of the Ministry of Communications and a senior member of the union council of ministers of the Government of India. The portfolio is usually held by a minister with cabinet rank who is a senior member of the council of ministers and is often assisted by one or two junior ministers or the ministers of state.

The current minister is Jyotiraditya Scindia who has been serving in office since 10 June 2024 and is currently assisted by Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani as the minister of state for communications.

One former president - Shankar Dayal Sharma served as minister in the ministry. Sharma was Cabinet minister for communications from 1974 until 1977. Two former prime ministers, Lal Bahadur Shastri and Inder Kumar Gujral also served as ministers in the ministry. Shastri was Cabinet minister for transport and communications from 1957 until 1958, while Gujral was minister of state for communications from 1967 until 1971.
John Zaborszky
John Zaborszky (May 13, 1914 – February 11, 2008) was a noted Hungarian-born applied mathematician and a professor in the Department of systems science and mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis. He received the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 1986. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1984.

Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
The Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award is an annual award (since 1979) given by the American Automatic Control Council (AACC) for achievements in control theory, named after the applied mathematician Richard E. Bellman. The award is given for "distinguished career contributions to the theory or applications of automatic control", and it is the "highest recognition of professional achievement for U.S. control systems engineers and scientists".

The original name was Control Heritage Award, and it was initially only given for the engineering side of control.
2021 Bad Homburg Open
The 2021 Bad Homburg Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the inaugural edition of the Bad Homburg Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. The event took place at the TC Bad Homburg in Bad Homburg, Germany, from 20 until 26 June 2021.

Bad Homburg is historically significant in the development and popularity of tennis in Europe.

2021 WTA Tour
The 2021 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2021 tennis season. The 2021 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2021 calendar are the Summer Olympic Games, which were rescheduled from 2020.
Manuel Casanueva
Juan Manuel Casanueva Ramírez (Santiago, 15 August 1907 – Santiago, 4 January 1984) was a Chilean agricultural engineer and politician, a member of the United Conservative Party. He served as a Minister of State during the governments of Presidents Juan Antonio Ríos and Jorge Alessandri.

Ministry of Agriculture (Chile)
The Ministry of Agriculture (Spanish: Ministerio de Agricultura) is an institution in charge of the agriculture and livestock in Chile. It was created in 1924 under the name of Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Colonization; its current name was established in 1930.

Since August 2025, Ignacia Fernández Gatica is the current minister.
Kentucky's 24th Senate district
Kentucky's 24th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the northern part of the state, it comprises the counties of Bracken, Campbell, Pendleton, and part of Kenton. It has been represented by Shelley Funke Frommeyer (R–Alexandria) since 2023. As of 2023, the district had a population of 120,875.

From 1887 to 1900, the district was represented by William Goebel, who was declared the winner in the contested 1899 gubernatorial election.

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus durans is a species of Enterococcus.
It is a gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccus bacterium. The organism is also a facultative anaerobic organism. Prior to 1984, it was known as Streptococcus durans.

Certain strains have also been identified as producers of anti-inflammatory agents, which are being studied in medical research. E. durans is less commonly isolated in clinical infections than E. faecalis and E. faecium, but it has been increasingly recognized in hospital settings, particularly in patients with urinary catheters and prolonged antibiotic exposure.

Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, gamma-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal (innocuous, coexisting organism) in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis or endocarditis.

Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE.