hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compressive strength
In mechanics, compressive strength (or compression strength) is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (compression). It is opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate, resisting tension (being pulled apart). In the study of strength of materials, compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength can be analyzed independently.

Some materials fracture at their compressive strength limit; others deform irreversibly, so a given amount of deformation may be considered as the limit for compressive load. Compressive strength is a key value for design of structures.

Compressive strength is often measured on a universal testing machine. Measurements of compressive strength are affected by the specific test method and conditions of measurement. Compressive strengths are usually reported in relationship to a specific technical standard.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Frenchy Martin
Jean Gagné (July 19, 1947 – October 21, 2016) was a Canadian professional wrestler and manager, best known under the ring name Frenchy Martin. During his World Wrestling Federation heyday in the 1980s as the manager of Canadian wrestler Dino Bravo, he was known for his trademark sign that read "USA is not OK". He is also known for his work in Canada’s Stampede Wrestling and in Puerto Rico's World Wrestling Council.

Canadian International Tag Team Championship
The Canadian International Tag Team Championship was the tag team title in the Montreal-based wrestling promotion Lutte Internationale (International Wrestling). The title lasted from 1976 until Lutte Internationale closed in 1987.
Hazewinkel
The Hazewinkel  is a 2000-meter rowing and regatta course belonging to Sport Vlaanderen in Heindonk, municipality of Willebroek, near Mechelen, Belgium.  The site consists of a finish tower,  boathouses, a cafeteria, and eight basic huts that house athletes using the lake.  The course hosted British Rowing's final trials for some years as well as a World Rowing Junior Championships (1997), two World Rowing Under 23 Championships (1996, 2006), and two World Rowing Championships (1980, 1985).

An accessible wetland nature reserve borders the south side. Boats under 5 metres length sail on a lake just to the north at 'De Bocht' with the VVW-Hazewinkel Club (founded 1978). This lake also serves members of the Hazewinkel Windsurfing Club, which welcomes visitors for a day.

Sport Vlaanderen
Sport Vlaanderen is the Flemish sports agency. Within Belgium, it is the Flemish counterpart of French-speaking ADEPS. Both agencies were founded in 1969 to succeed the state-founded national INEPS/NILOS.

Until 2016 Sport Vlaanderen was called Bloso, short for Bestuur voor Lichamelijke Opvoeding, Sport en Openluchtleven. The new name was assumed after a merger with the smaller departement Sport, another sports administration of the Flemish government. The new agency thereby acquired more responsibilities and greater authority over sport in Flanders.

Sport Vlaanderen has several responsibilities:

support topsport in Flanders,

divide government support funds over the organized sports actors in Flanders,

operate the 13 sports centres of Sport Vlaanderen,

organize training and courses for sports trainers,

organize sports camps and

making sport promotion.
1936 All-America college football team
The 1936 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1936. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1936 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the United Press (UP), (4) the All-America Board (AAB), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) the North American Newspaper Alliance (NANA), and (9) the Sporting News (SN).

International News Service
The International News Service (INS) was a U.S.-based news agency (newswire) founded by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in 1909.

The INS consistently ranked as the third-largest news agency in the U.S., trailing behind its major competitors, the Associated Press and United Press. Despite notable achievements and considerable investments, the INS never managed to surpass its rivals. At its peak, the INS served 19 percent of American daily newspapers (1948). In May 1958 it merged with rival United Press to become United Press International.
Spheciformes
Spheciformes is an obsolete paraphyletic assemblage of insect families which collectively comprise the "sphecoid wasps", and includes about 10,000 species and several hundred genera. The largest genus is Cerceris (Philanthidae), with almost 900 species. Larvae are carnivorous, consuming prey captured by adult females and typically paralyzed with venom, provisioned in underground nests.

Spheciformes includes all the members of the superfamily Apoidea which are not bees and which in older classifications were called the "Sphecoidea". The group includes familiar types of wasps such as mud daubers, digger wasps, sand wasps, cicada killers, and cockroach wasps.

The group is paraphyletic because bees are believed to have arisen from a subgroup within the family Ammoplanidae, thus Spheciformes does not include all of the descendants of its common ancestor.

Ammoplanidae
Ammoplanidae is a family of aphid wasps formerly treated as the Crabronidae subtribe Ammoplanina. There are about 10 genera and at least 130 described species in Ammoplanina. Phylogenetic analyses in 2018 and 2021 have confirmed this group as the sister lineage to the bees, and thus accorded the group family rank.
Unconditional love
Unconditional love is known as love without judgment. There are many ways of describing unconditional love, but most will agree that it is that type of love which has no bounds and is unchanging.

In Christianity, unconditional love is thought to be part of the Four Loves; affection, friendship, eros, and charity. In ethology, or the study of animal behavior, unconditional love would refer to altruism, which in turn refers to the behavior by individuals that increases the biological fitness of another while decreasing the fitness of the individual committing the act. In psychology, unconditional love refers to a state of mind in which one has the goal of increasing the welfare of another, despite the lack of any evidence of benefit for oneself.

Affection
Affection or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body" commonly linked to a feeling or type of love. It has led to multiple branches in philosophy and psychology that discuss emotion, disease, influence, and state of being. Often, "affection" denotes more than mere goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and temporary. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.

Affection can elicit diverse emotional reactions such as embarrassment, disgust, pleasure, and annoyance. The emotional and physical effect of affection also varies between the giver and the receiver.
Till Nowak
Till Nowak is a German digital artist and visual artist, graphic designer and filmmaker.  He received recognition for his grad project, the 2005 film Delivery, and for his art piece The Experience of Fliehkraft and its film offshoot The Centrifuge Brain Project, both released in 2011, and more recently for his 2015 film Dissonance.

European Film Awards
The European Film Awards (or European Film Academy Awards) have been presented annually since 1988 by the European Film Academy to recognize excellence in European cinematic achievements. The awards are given in 19 categories, of which the most important is the Best Film. They are restricted to European cinema and European producers, directors and actors. The awards were officially also called the "Felix Awards" until 1997, in reference to the former award's trophy statuette, which was replaced by a feminine statuette.

Since 1997, the European Film Awards have been held in early- to mid-December. Hosting duties have alternated between Berlin, Germany in odd-numbered years and other European cities in even-numbered years. The 33rd European Film Awards were held on 12 December 2020 as a virtual ceremony. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian films were excluded from the 2022 European Film Awards.
Elephant Island (Vanuatu)
Elephant Island is an uninhabited island in Sanma Province of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean. Another island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean, shares the same name.

Sanma Province
15°20′S 166°45′E﻿ / ﻿15.333°S 166.750°E﻿ / -15.333; 166.750

Sanma is a province located in the Northern part of the nation of Vanuatu, occupying the nation's largest island, Espiritu Santo. The province spans an area of 4,248 square kilometres (1,640 sq mi) and has its capital in Luganville, Vanuatu's second-largest city. Named as a portmanteau of Santo and Malo, Sanma is geologically among the oldest parts of the archipelago and includes Mount Tabwemasana, the highest peak in the country. According to the national 2020 census, Sanma had a population of 61,458. The local economy is primarily based on subsistence agriculture and fishing, with cacao, copra, and kava as key cash crops.
Katherina Minola
Katherina (Kate) Minola is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play The Taming of the Shrew. Referred to in the play as the titular  "shrew" and the "ingenue", the play focuses on Katherina's taming by Petruchio into a more conventional role of a good wife. She is the elder daughter of Baptista Minola and the sister of Bianca Minola.

Petruchio
Petruchio (/pɪˈtruːkioʊ, -tʃioʊ/ pih-TROO-kee-oh, -⁠chee-oh; an anglicisation of the Italian name Petruccio, pronounced [peˈtruttʃo]) is the male protagonist in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew (c. 1590–1594).
Alfalfa House
Alfalfa House Community Food Cooperative Ltd is a not-for-profit food cooperative in Enmore, Sydney, Australia. It is a registered cooperative. Alfalfa House began in the front room of a terraced house in Erskineville in 1981.

According to its introductory material for new members, the main aim of the cooperative is to provide minimally-packaged and minimally-processed organic food and low-impact common household products, processed in ways that minimise harm to both people and the environment.

Food cooperative
A food cooperative or food co-op is a food distribution outlet organized as a cooperative, rather than a private or public company. Food cooperatives are usually consumer cooperatives, where the decisions regarding the production and distribution of its food are chosen by its members. Like all cooperatives, food cooperatives are often based on the 7 Rochdale Principles, and they typically offer natural foods. Decisions about how to run a cooperative are not made by outside shareholders, therefore cooperatives often exhibit a higher degree of social responsibility than their corporate analogues.

In the United States, the National Cooperative Grocers (NCG) is a cooperative federation that is composed of 146 food cooperatives.
Hvar Arsenal
The Hvar Arsenal is a historic building in the town of Hvar, Croatia. It was first constructed in the 14th century as a maintenance shipyard for the galley of the commune. Over time it was further expanded and gained additional functions. Most notable is the historic theater (Hvarsko Kazalište), built in 1612 as part of the first floor, above the galley space. It is a multi-functional building centered on the theater.

Stato da Màr
The Stato da Màr or Domini da Mar (lit. 'State of the Sea'  or 'Domains of the Sea'), sometimes described as a maritime empire or overseas empire, comprised the maritime and overseas territories controlled by the Republic of Venice from approximately 1000 until 1797. At various points, these territories included parts of present-day Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and Greece—notably Istria, Dalmatia, the Ionian Islands, the Peloponnese, Crete, the Cyclades, Euboea, and Cyprus.

It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice's possessions, the other two being the Dogado, i.e. Venice proper, and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy.

The overseas possessions, particularly islands such as Corfu, Crete, and Cyprus, played a critical role in Venice's commercial and military leadership. In his landmark study on the Mediterranean world in the 16th century, historian Fernand Braudel described these islands as "Venice's motionless fleet".
Apollo Heights
Apollo Heights is an American shoegazing band that was formed in New York City in 2002. Consisting mainly of twin brothers Daniel and Danny Chavis, they play experimental rock music and self describe their music as Afrogaze. They cite AR Kane and My Bloody Valentine as a major inspiration. Their debut album, White Music for Black People, was produced by Robin Guthrie of Cocteau Twins and features guest appearances from Mos Def, Lady Kier, David Sitek of TV on the Radio, Mike Ladd and Guthrie himself on guitar. The Chavis brothers were members of the alternative soul group The Veldt, who released three albums on Polygram, Mammoth and Capitol Records. Apollo Heights have released music under the labels Manimal Vinyl and Disques Sinthomme. Apollo Heights have appeared on various compilation albums such as Through the Wilderness and Jneiro Jarel's Return of the Shoegaze.

TV on the Radio
TV on the Radio (TVOTR) is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2001. The band consists of Tunde Adebimpe (vocals, loops), Dave Sitek (guitars, keyboards, loops), Kyp Malone (vocals, guitars, bass, loops), and Jaleel Bunton (drums, bass, vocals, loops, guitars). Gerard Smith (bass, keyboards, loops) was a member of the band from 2005 until his death in 2011.

TVOTR has released five studio albums: Desperate Youth, Blood Thirsty Babes (2004), Return to Cookie Mountain (2006), Dear Science (2008), Nine Types of Light (2011), and Seeds (2014), alongside several EPs.
2020 African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification
The 2020 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament was the 10th edition of the African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament, the biennial international youth football competition organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to determine which women's under-20 national teams from Africa qualify for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Players born on or after 1 January 2000 were eligible to compete in the tournament.

Two teams would have qualified from this tournament for the 2021 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup (originally 2020 but postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic) in Costa Rica as the CAF representatives. However, FIFA announced on 17 November 2020 that this edition of the World Cup would be cancelled. As a result, all remaining qualifying matches were cancelled.

African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification
The African U-20 Women's World Cup qualification is a biennial youth women's association football qualification competition for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup organized by the Confederation of African Football for its nations.

A final was played in the first two editions in 2002 and 2004 as only one team qualified for the first two editions of the U-20 Women's World Cup in those years. Since 2006, with the confederation granted a second spot, all qualification editions till date were and are played in a home-and-away knock-out format until 4 teams are left with half that number booking their spots at the international tournament. On 7 June 2023, CAF revealed the formats for the qualification procedures for the next editions of the FIFA U-20 and U-17 Women's World Cups, the former whose draw was conducted the following day.
Maina Gielgud
Maina Gielgud AO (born 14 January 1945) is a British former ballet dancer and a veteran ballet administrator. She was artistic director of The Australian Ballet from 1983 to 1996. She had a twenty-year career as a dancer in Europe and the United Kingdom. Gielgud directed the Royal Danish Ballet between 1997 and 1999. Until 2005, she held the artistic associate position at the Houston Ballet. She is a daughter of Lewis Gielgud and actress Zita Gordon and niece of actor Sir John Gielgud.

The Royal Ballet
The Royal Ballet is a British classical ballet company, based at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, England. The largest of the five major ballet companies in Great Britain, the Royal Ballet was founded in 1931 by Dame Ninette de Valois. It became the resident ballet company of the Royal Opera House in 1946, and has purpose-built facilities within these premises. It was granted a royal charter in 1956, becoming recognised as Britain's flagship ballet company.

The Royal Ballet was one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century, and continues to be one of the world's most famous ballet companies to this day, generally noted for its artistic and creative values. The company employs approximately 100 dancers. The official associate school of the company is the Royal Ballet School, and it also has a sister company, the Birmingham Royal Ballet, which operates independently. The prima ballerina assoluta of the Royal Ballet is the late Dame Margot Fonteyn.
Earl Moseley
Earl Victor Moseley (September 7, 1887 – July 1, 1963) was an American pitcher who played for the Boston Red Sox (1913), Indianapolis Hoosiers / Newark Pepper (1914–1915) and Cincinnati Reds (1916). Moseley batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Middleburg Heights, Ohio.

Moseley made his majors debut in 1913 with the Boston Red Sox and went 8–5. The next year, he jumped to the Federal League and won 19 and 15 in two seasons for the Indianapolis/Newark franchises, leading the league with a 1.91 earned run average in 1915 over Eddie Plank (2.08) and Mordecai Brown (2.09). Bothered by arm problems, he played his final season with the Cincinnati Reds in 1916.

In a four-season career, Moseley posted a 49–48 record with a 3.01 ERA and 469 strikeouts in 855-2/3 innings pitched. Moseley died in Alliance, Ohio, at the age of 75.

Mordecai Brown
Mordecai Peter Centennial Brown (October 19, 1876 – February 14, 1948), nicknamed "Three Finger Brown" or "Miner", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher and manager during the first two decades of the 20th century (known as the "dead-ball era"). Due to a farm-machinery accident in his youth (April 17, 1888), Brown lost parts of two fingers on his right hand, and in the process gained a colorful nickname. He turned this handicap into an advantage by learning how to grip a baseball in a way that resulted in an exceptional curveball (or knuckle curve), which broke radically before reaching the plate. With this technique he became one of the elite pitchers of his era.

Brown was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1949.
Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War
Various international and local diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War have been in effect since the conflict first began in the early 1990s. The latter include diplomatic initiatives put together by the African Union, the Arab League and the European Union, as well as humanitarian efforts led by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), UNICEF, the World Food Programme (WFP), the Puntland Maritime Police Force (PMPF) and the Somali Red Crescent Society (SRCS).

United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination
The United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) is part of the international emergency response system for sudden-onset emergencies. It is designed to help the United Nations and governments of disaster-affected countries during the first phase of a sudden-onset emergency. UNDAC also assists in the coordination of incoming international relief at national level and/or at the site of the emergency. UNDAC was created in 1993 and currently is composed by 259 national experts in emergency situations, as well as by OCHA personnel and regional and international organizations, including UN agencies.
West Virginia statistical areas
The U.S. State of West Virginia currently has 20 statistical areas that have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On July 21, 2023, the OMB delineated five combined statistical areas, 10 metropolitan statistical areas, and five micropolitan statistical areas in West Virginia. As of 2023, the largest of these is the Charleston-Huntington-Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA, which includes West Virginia's capital and largest city, Charleston.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Chapter 4: Labor Pains
Chapter 4: Labor Pains is the fourth studio album by American singer Syleena Johnson. It was released digitally on December 23, 2008, and physically on January 13, 2009, on Johnson's own label, Aneelys Entertainment, after her departure from longtime record company Jive Records. Distribution was handled by Universal Music Group and Federal Distribution. Upon its release, Chapter 4 entered the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart at number forty-two. Chapter 4's lead single was "It Is True", which was made available on iTunes on June 24, 2008, and impacted radio on July 1.

Is It Because I'm Black
"Is It Because I'm Black" is a song recorded in 1969 by blues and soul singer Syl Johnson.  It was co-written by Johnson, record producer Jimmy Jones (James L. Jones), and Glenn Watts.  The recording, issued on the Twinight label in September 1969, reached number 11 on the Billboard R&B chart, and number 68 on the Hot 100.
South Korea at the Paralympics
The Republic of Korea (South Korea) first participated at the Paralympic Games in 1968, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Paralympic Games since then. South Korea has also participated in every Winter Paralympic Games since the 1992 Games.

With 343 medals, of which 126 gold, 108 silver and 109 bronze, South Korea (following the 2016 Summer Paralympics) has been ranked among the top twenty nations around the world in the all-time Paralympic Games medal tally.

South Korea at the Asian Games
Republic of Korea has competed at every celebration of the Asian Games except the 1951 Asian Games, including hosting the Summer Games in 1986, 2002, and 2014 and the Winter Games in 1999.

South Korean athletes have won a total of 2,235 medals at the Asian Games and have won a total of 249 medals at the Asian Winter Games, with short-track speed skating and speed skating as the main medal-producing sports. However, South Korea never finished at the top of the medal table of an Asian Games (the closest was in 1986 edition).