hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas A. Giles
Thomas Augustine Giles (November 23, 1916 – October 23, 1970) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cumberland West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1949 to 1953. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in 1916 at Victoria, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Giles graduated from St. Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie University, and was a lawyer by career. He married Joan Edwards of Salisbury, England in 1945, and then Sylvia Bowser of Sussex, New Brunswick. Giles entered provincial politics in the 1949 election, defeating Liberal incumbent Kenneth Judson Cochrane by 177 votes in the newly established Cumberland West riding. He was defeated by Liberal Allison T. Smith when he ran for re-election in 1953. In 1967, Giles was appointed a judge of the Provincial Magistrate's Court. He died at Antigonish on October 23, 1970.

Allison T. Smith
Allison Thompson Smith (June 20, 1902 – February 8, 1970) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cumberland West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1953 to 1963. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1902 at Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Smith was a funeral director. He was president of S.W. Smith & Son from 1935. He married Mildred Wilson. Smith entered provincial politics in the 1953 election, defeating Progressive Conservative incumbent Thomas Augustine Giles in Cumberland West. He was re-elected in the 1956 and 1960 elections. Smith was defeated by Progressive Conservative D. L. George Henley when he ran for re-election in 1963. Smith died at Truro, Nova Scotia, on February 8, 1970.
2017 Match des Champions
The 2017 Match des Champions (English: 2017 Champions Game) was the 12th edition of the Match des Champions. The game was played between Élan Chalon, the winner of the 2016–17 Pro A season, and Nanterre 92, the winner of the 2016–17 French Cup.

Nanterre 92 won the game 95–69 over Élan Chalon and won its second title in club history.

Match des Champions (basketball)
The Match des Champions (English: Match of champions) or French Basketball Supercup, is an annual super cup basketball game in France. It is contested by the champions of the top-tier level league in France, the LNB Pro A, and the French Federation Cup winner. The game was introduced in 2005.
Spring Creek (Roaring River tributary)
Spring Creek is a large stream in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It flows through Putnam, Overton and Jackson counties and is a major tributary of the Roaring River. It is part of the State Scenic River system of Tennessee, along with the Roaring River and Blackburn Fork River.

The river can be roughly divided into three sections: a smaller but still big headwaters on the Highland Rim, a huge and moderately turbulent lower part and an even more violent whitewater stream as the middle part descends to the level of the Nashville Basin. The lower part dries up due to limestone-dominated karst topography.

Roaring River (Tennessee)
The Roaring River is a 37.7-mile-long (60.7 km) tributary of the Cumberland River in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Via the Cumberland and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.

It rises on the Highland Rim approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of Livingston, Tennessee in Overton County.  It initially flows roughly north, then turns largely west for the balance of its course. After crossing into Jackson County, it begins a relatively steep descent, resulting in the namesake "roar" during periods of high flow. The lower portion of its course is designated as a "State Scenic River" under the terms of the Tennessee Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

The Roaring River empties into the Cordell Hull Lake impoundment of the Cumberland River. A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recreation area is at and around the actual confluence, which is very near the Jackson County seat of Gainesboro.
Silver Line (Pittsburgh)
The Silver Line is a line on the Pittsburgh Light Rail system that runs between Downtown Pittsburgh through the Overbrook neighborhood to Library. It is the renamed service for the former Blue Line –Library branch.

Washington Junction station
Washington Junction is a station on Pittsburgh Regional Transit's light rail network. It is located in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania. The facility is designed both as a transfer station for southbound travelers (the Red and Blue Lines continue toward Upper St. Clair and South Hills Village, while the Silver Line continues toward South Park and Library), and as a commuter park and ride facility. 230 spaces are located on site, designed for allowing travel to Downtown Pittsburgh by residents of northern Bethel Park and commuters who choose to use the stop by traveling from more eastern suburbs via Library or Broughton Roads.
Sinoconodon
Sinoconodon is an extinct genus of mammaliamorphs that appears in the fossil record of the Lufeng Formation of China in the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic period, about 193 million years ago. While sharing many plesiomorphic traits with other non-mammaliaform cynodonts, it possessed a special, secondarily evolved jaw joint between the dentary and the squamosal bones, which in more derived taxa would replace the primitive tetrapod one between the articular and quadrate bones. The presence of a dentary-squamosal joint is a trait historically used to define mammals.

Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliamorpha is a clade of cynodonts. It contains the clades Tritylodontidae and Mammaliaformes, as well as a few genera that do not belong to either of these groups. The family Tritheledontidae has also been placed in Mammaliamorpha by some phylogenetic analyses, but has been recovered outside the clade by others. According to a 2022 study based on inner ear anatomy, Mammaliamorpha may be the clade in which endothermy ("warm-bloodedness") first appeared in the mammalian lineage.
Echiodon drummondii
Echiodon drummondii, sometimes called Drummond's echiodon or Drummond's pearlfish, and in Ireland simply called the pearlfish, is a species of fish in the family Carapidae (pearlfish).

It is named for James Lawson Drummond, who collected the holotype at Carnlough, Ireland in 1836.

Pearlfish
Pearlfish are marine fish in the ray-finned fish family Carapidae. Pearlfishes inhabit the  tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans at depths to 2,000 m (6,600 ft), along oceanic shelves and slopes. They are slender, elongated fish with no scales, translucent bodies, and dorsal fin rays which are shorter than their anal fin rays. Adults of most species live symbiotically inside various invertebrate hosts, and some live parasitically inside sea cucumbers. The larvae are free living.
Roebling Medal
The Roebling Medal is the highest award of the Mineralogical Society of America for scientific eminence as represented primarily by scientific publication of outstanding original research in mineralogy. The award is named for Colonel Washington A. Roebling (1837–1926) who was an engineer, bridge builder, mineral collector, and significant friend of the Mineralogical Society of America. It is awarded for scientific eminence represented by scientific publication of outstanding original research in mineralogy. The recipient receives an engraved medal and is made a Life Fellow of the Mineralogical Society.

Mineral collecting
Mineral collecting is the hobby of systematically collecting, identifying and displaying mineral specimens. Mineral collecting can also be a part of the profession of mineralogy and allied geologic specialties.  Individual collectors often specialize in certain areas, for example collecting samples of several varieties of the mineral calcite from locations spread throughout a region or the world, or of minerals found in pegmatites.
Ferocactus echidne
Ferocactus echidne is a barrel cactus in the genus Ferocactus.  It is found in nature in Mexico.  This cactus is known commonly as Sonora barrel, Coville's barrel cactus, Emory's barrel cactus, and traveler's friend. This plant is often sold as a houseplant.

Ferocactus
Ferocactus is a genus of large barrel-shaped cacti, mostly with large spines and small flowers. There are about 30 species included in the genus. They are found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
DZRJ-AM
DZRJ (810 AM) Radyo Bandido is a radio station owned and operated by Rajah Broadcasting Network through its licensee Free Air Broadcasting Network, Inc. Its studio is located at the 2nd Floor, Ventures I Building, Makati Avenue corner General Luna Street, Barangay Poblacion, Makati, while its transmitter is located along Km. 21 Quirino Highway, Barangay Pasong Putik, Novaliches, Quezon City.

Solar Entertainment
Solar Entertainment Corporation (also known as Solar Entertainment, and simply known as Solar or SEC) is a Filipino media company based in Makati, Philippines. Founded and owned by the brothers Wilson, William and Willy Tieng, Solar Entertainment operates three digital free-to-air channels and one cable channel. Solar also owns a film distribution company (Solar Pictures) and defunct freemium digital television service (Easy TV Home).

Solar Entertainment owns and operates three digital TV channels: SolarFlix, Solar Sports, and Solar Learning. It also owns television network Southern Broadcasting Network (SBN).

Solar Entertainment formerly owns Nine Media Corporation, a Solar's former broadcast media firm, which privatized Radio Philippines Network (RPN) in 2011. NMC and RPN are currently owned by ALC Group of Companies and operates RPTV, a free-to-air channel in partnership with TV5 Network.
Interfacial rheology
Interfacial rheology is a branch of rheology that studies the flow of matter at the interface between a gas and a liquid or at the interface between two immiscible liquids. The measurement is done while having surfactants, nanoparticles or other surface active compounds present at the interface. Unlike in bulk rheology, the deformation of the bulk phase is not of interest in interfacial rheology and its effect is aimed to be minimized. Instead, the flow of the surface active compounds is of interest.

The deformation of the interface can be done either by changing the size or shape of the interface. Therefore interfacial rheological methods can be divided into two categories: dilational and shear rheology methods.

Foam
Foams are two-phase material systems where a gas is dispersed in a second, non-gaseous material, specifically, in which gas cells are enclosed by a distinct liquid or solid material.: 6 : 4  Foam "may contain more or less liquid [or solid] according to circumstances",: 6  although in the case of gas-liquid foams, the gas occupies most of the volume.: 4

In most foams, the volume of gas is large, with thin films of liquid or solid separating the regions of gas.
Modoc sucker
The Modoc sucker (Catostomus microps) is a rare species of freshwater fish native to northern California and southern Oregon. It grows to a length of about 7 in (18 cm) and becomes sexually mature at 4 in (10 cm). It feeds on algae, small invertebrates and detritus, and hides under stones, detritus and overhanging vegetation. It is found in only a few streams and is listed as an endangered species in California and the United States. Conservation measures have been put in place such as fencing the streams in which it lives from livestock. It was previously rated as "endangered" in 1973 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, but this rating has now been changed to "near threatened", and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service removed the Modoc sucker from the federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife in 2016.

Catostomidae
The Catostomidae are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family  of freshwater fishes. The Catostomidae are almost exclusively native to North America. The only exceptions are Catostomus catostomus, found in both North America and Russia, and Myxocyprinus asiaticus found only in China. In the Ozarks they are a common food fish and a festival is held each year to celebrate them. The bigmouth buffalo, Ictiobus cyprinellus, can reach an age up to 127 years, making it the oldest known freshwater teleost by more than 50 years.
Jelly Belly
Jelly Belly Candy Company, formerly known as Herman Goelitz Candy Co. and Goelitz Confectionery Co., is an American company that manufactures Jelly Belly jelly beans and other candy.

The company is based in Fairfield, California, with a second manufacturing facility in North Chicago, Illinois.  A distribution and visitor center in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin closed in 2020. In October 2008, the company opened a 50,000 sq ft (4,645 m2) manufacturing plant in Rayong, Thailand, where it produces confections for the international market.

In October 2023, the Ferrara Candy Company announced an agreement to acquire Jelly Belly Candy Co. The transaction was completed a month later.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
Postings list
The postings list is a data structure commonly used in information retrieval (IR) systems to store indexing information about a corpus. It is central to the design and efficiency of search engines and database management systems that need to retrieve information rapidly.

At the bare minimum, a postings list is associated with a term from a document and records the places where that term appears. Each term found in documents within a corpus is mapped to a corresponding postings list containing information such as the documents the term appears in and often the positions within those documents.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
South Carolina Highway 68
South Carolina Highway 68 (SC 68) is a 15.330-mile (24.671 km) state highway in Hampton County, in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the Hampton–Varnille area with Yemassee and Interstate 95 (I-95).

Interstate 95 in South Carolina
Interstate 95 (I-95) is a major Interstate Highway, running along the East Coast of the United States from Florida to Maine. In South Carolina, I-95 runs approximately parallel to the Atlantic Ocean shore although about 50 miles (80 km) inland, from Hardeeville in the south to Dillon in the northeast. The route runs through the cities of Florence and Walterboro.
Fractal derivative
In applied mathematics and mathematical analysis, the fractal derivative or Hausdorff derivative is a non-Newtonian generalization of the derivative dealing with the measurement of fractals, defined in fractal geometry. Fractal derivatives were created for the study of anomalous diffusion, by which traditional approaches fail to factor in the fractal nature of the media. A fractal measure t is scaled according to tα. Such a derivative is local, in contrast to the similarly applied fractional derivative. Fractal calculus is formulated as a generalization of standard calculus.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Zone 81, Qatar
Zone 81 is a zone of the municipality of Al Rayyan in Qatar. The main district recorded in the 2015 population census was Mebaireek.

Other districts which fall within its administrative boundaries are Al Hemaila, Al Khaldiya, Al Mukaynis, and Ummahat Owaina.

Al Rayyan
Al Rayyan (Arabic: الريان; also spelled Ar Rayyan) is the third-largest municipality in Qatar. Its primary settlement is the city of the same name, which occupies the entire eastern section and is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area. The vast expanse of mostly undeveloped lands in the south-west also falls under the municipality's administration.
Army Public School, Mhow
The Army Public School, Mhow, is a public school located at Dr. Ambedkar Nagar operated by the Indian Army under the aegis of Army Welfare Education Society (AWES). The school is situated at 44 Mall Road. It is one of the most prominent Army Schools, ranking among the top three Army Public Schools and top ten in India. In 2012, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam visited the school and inaugurated the new Abdul Kalam block and had an interactive session with the students.

Army Welfare Education Society
Army Welfare Education Society (AWES) manages and ensures proper education facilities to children of Indian Army personnel through Local Military Authorities. Established in 1983, the society has its office at Shankar Vihar, Delhi Cantonment and over the years has opened over 139 Army Public Schools and 250 Army Pre Primary Schools across India. It has 12 professional institutions of higher education. A list of colleges and schools including Army Public Schools all across the nation in many cities, colleges pertaining to engineering, medicals, dental, management, law etc.
Helena Konanz
Helena Konanz MP (née Manset; born February 1, 1961) is an American-born Canadian politician and former tennis player. She was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Similkameen—South Okanagan—West Kootenay in the 2025 Canadian federal election for the Conservative Party of Canada.

American Canadians
American Canadians are Canadians of American descent. The term is most often used to refer to Canadians who migrated from or have ancestry from the United States. This may include people born in the United States who have naturalized as Canadian citizens. Many American Canadians and Canadian Americans hold both US and Canadian citizenship.
Christian dietary laws
Christian dietary laws vary between denominations. The general dietary restrictions specified for Christians in the New Testament are to "abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from meat of strangled animals". Some Christian denominations forbid certain foods during periods of fasting, which in some cases may cover half the year and may exclude meat, fish, dairy products, and olive oil.

Christians in the Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and Orthodox denominations, among others, traditionally observe Friday as a meat-free day (in mourning of the crucifixion of Jesus); many also fast and abstain from consuming meat on Wednesday (in memory of the betrayal of Jesus). There are various fasting periods, most notably the liturgical season of Lent. A number of Christian denominations forbid alcohol consumption, and many Christian churches condemn drunkenness as being a sin.

Jhatka
Jhatka (Punjabi: ਝਟਕਾ, romanized: jhaṭkā pronounced [t͡ɕʌ˩˥ʈ.kaː]) is a method of slaughtering an animal for meat by a single strike of a sword or axe to sever its head within the Sikh religion. This kills the animal almost instantly. This type of slaughter is preferred by most meat-consuming Sikhs.
Allegiant Air
Allegiant Air, styled as allegiant, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. The airline focuses on serving leisure traffic from small and medium-sized cities which it considers to be underserved, using an ultra low-cost business model with minimal inclusions in fares and a greater number of add-on fees.

Allegiant was founded in 1997 and is wholly owned by Allegiant Travel Company, a publicly traded company with 5,600 employees and over US$2.6 billion market capitalization in 2016. The airline is the fourteenth largest in North America.

Harrah's Entertainment
Harrah's Entertainment (later named Caesars Entertainment Corporation, previously The Promus Companies) was an American casino and hotel company founded in Reno, Nevada, and based in Paradise, Nevada, that operated over 50 properties and seven golf courses under several brands. In 2013, it was the fourth-largest gambling company in the world, with annual revenues of $8.6 billion. It was acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts, which then changed its own name to Caesars Entertainment.

At the end of its existence, Caesars was a public company, majority owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management, TPG Capital, and Paulson & Co. and Carl Icahn. Caesars' largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2015, which led to the foundation of Vici Properties as a result.
Red-faced cisticola
The red-faced cisticola (Cisticola erythrops) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is widely present across sub-Saharan Africa (rare in southern Africa). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and swamps.

Gustav Hartlaub
Karel Johan Gustav Hartlaub (8 November 1814 – 29 November 1900) was a German physician and ornithologist.

Hartlaub was born in Bremen, and studied at Bonn and Berlin before graduating in medicine at Göttingen. In 1840, he began to study and collect exotic birds, which he donated to the Bremen Natural History Museum. He described some of these species for the first time. In 1852, he set up a new journal with Jean Cabanis, the Journal für Ornithologie. He wrote with Otto Finsch, Beitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens: Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa und Tonga- Inseln. Halle, H. Schmidt. This 1867 work which has handcoloured lithographs was based on bird specimens collected by Eduard Heinrich Graeffe for Museum Godeffroy.
A number of birds were named for him, including Hartlaub's Bustard, Hartlaub's Turaco, Hartlaub's Duck, and Hartlaub's Gull.