hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serra da Estrela Subregion
Serra da Estrela (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɛʁɐ ðɐ ɨʃˈtɾelɐ]) is a former NUTS3 statistical subregion of Portugal integrated in the NUTS2 Centro region that takes its name from the largest mountain range in Portugal - the Serra da Estrela. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision.

Bordered to the north by Dão-Lafões, to the west by Beira Interior Norte, to south by Cova da Beira, and to the east by Pinhal Interior Norte the subregion contains the Serra da Estrela, the largest range and highest mountain in Portugal and much of the 1000 km2 Natural Park of Serra da Estrela.  The subregion itself is only 867.8 km2.

Dão-Lafões
Viseu Dão-Lafões is a Portuguese subregion located in the north of the Central Region. In 2021, the subregion recorded 252,984 inhabitants and a population density of 78 inhabitants per km2. The subregion has an area of 3,238 km2, which can be divided into 14 municipalities and 156 parishes. The capital of the subregion is the city of Viseu, which is the largest city in the subregion and the third largest city in the Central Region, with 99,561 inhabitants in the entire municipality and 59,469 inhabitants in the urban area. It borders the Porto metropolitan area to the northwest, the Tâmega e Sousa subregion to the north, the Douro subregion to the northeast, the Beiras e Serra da Estrela subregion to the east, the Região de Coimbra subregion to the south and the Região de Aveiro subregion to the west.
Šeškinė
Šeškinė (literally Lithuanian: 'A place with polecats') is a  district located in the north of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, built in 1977 as a microdistrict. It is located to the east of Justiniškės district, to the north and north-west of Žvėrynas and Šnipiškės elderships, to the south of Fabijoniškės and Pašilaičiai districts, and to the south-west of Verkiai district.

Šeškinė is a largely residential district although it is also home to the Akropolis Mall. The only water park in Vilnius was opened on June 1, 2007, next to the Siemens Arena.

Šeškinė is one of the most densely populated districts, having a density of 3,600/km². It's also one of the smallest, being the 6th smallest eldership in Vilnius.

Šnipiškės
Šnipiškės is a neighborhood in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Vilnius Central Business District is a part of Šnipiškės. Located on the north bank of the river Neris, it became the site of a modern business district with skyscrapers which, however, mix with some historical wooden architecture.

Until recently, the area was a small historical suburban village north of the Vilnius Old Town. Several skyscrapers, including Europa Tower business center, have been erected since the turn of the millennium. It continues to rapidly expand with major projects for modern commercial and apartment complexes as well as recreational areas. An area with late 19th- and early 20th-century wooden houses, popularly referred to as the Shanghai district, is now under cultural protection and preservation.

Šnipiškės is also home to the Kalvarijos Market.
2019 Canadian Senior Curling Championships
The 2019 Everest Canadian Senior Curling Championships, Canada's national 50+ curling championship was held March 22 to 28 at the Chilliwack Curling and Community Centre in Chilliwack, British Columbia. The winning teams were supposed to represent Canada at the 2020 World Senior Curling Championships, but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This was the first event to be held at the new Chilliwack Curling and Community Centre facility.

The men's event was headlined by defending champions Bryan Cochrane of Ontario and two-time world champion Al Hackner of Northern Ontario. The women's event was headlined by defending champions Sherry Anderson (and 2018 World Senior champion) of Saskatchewan, 2006 Olympic bronze medallist Glenys Bakker of Alberta and four-time Tournament of Hearts bronze medallist Sherry Middaugh of Ontario, who made her seniors debut.

Canadian Senior Curling Championships
The Canadian Senior Curling Championships are an annual bonspiel held to determine the national champions in senior curling for Canada. Seniors are defined as being people over the age of 50. The championship teams play at the World Senior Curling Championships the following year.

The event's first committee was established in October 1964. Frank Sargent was an original member of the senior championship committee, and believed the event would attract former Brier competitors and give seniors a place to compete which had not existed. The inaugural Canadian Seniors Curling Championship was hosted in Port Arthur in March 1965. It used a minimum age of 55 for competitors, and had the Seagram Company as its title sponsor.
Student cap
In various European countries, student caps of different types are, or have been, worn either as a marker of a common identity, as is the case in the Nordic countries, or to identify the wearer as a member of a smaller body within the larger group of students, as is the case with the caps worn by members of German Studentenverbindungen, or student groups in Belgium.

Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)
The Higher Preparatory Examination (in Danish: Højere Forberedelseseksamen or HF) is a 2-year general upper secondary programme building on to the 10th form of the Folkeskole and leading to the higher preparatory examination (the HF-examination), which qualifies for admission to higher education, subject to the special entrance regulations applying to the individual higher education programmes.
Dvergen Hill
Dvergen Hill (72°13′S 0°47′E﻿ / ﻿72.217°S 0.783°E﻿ / -72.217; 0.783) is a small, isolated rock hill about 4 nautical miles (7 km) north of Fuglefjellet in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctic. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Dvergen (the dwarf).

Fuglefjellet
Fuglefjellet (72°17′S 0°46′E﻿ / ﻿72.283°S 0.767°E﻿ / -72.283; 0.767) is a mountain 7 nautical miles (13 km) east of Mount Roer in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Fuglefjellet (the bird mountain).
Stephen Eichhorn
Stephen James Eichhorn (born 24 July 1972) FREng FRSC FInstP FIMMM ACSF CEng is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Bristol. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Institute of Physics and the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. EPSRC research areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and computer science, but exclude particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (which fall under the remit of the Science and Technology Facilities Council).
2010 IPP Trophy
The 2010 IPP Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament which is part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Geneva, Switzerland between 23 and 29 August 2010.

Geneva Open Challenger
The Geneva Open Challenger, also known as IPP Trophy was a tennis tournament held in Geneva, Switzerland from 1988 to 2014. The event was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. Previously played on outdoor clay courts, it was subsequently played indoors on hard GreenSet courts since 2011, at Sport Center of the Queue d'Arve. Originally, it was held at the Drizia-Miremont Tennis Club.

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) awarded the Jim McManus Challenger Award to the tournament in 2013. This award honors the best challenger tournament in the world.
Copyright troll
A copyright troll is a party (person or company) that enforces copyrights it owns for purposes of making money through strategic litigation, in a manner considered unduly aggressive or opportunistic, sometimes without producing or licensing the works it owns for paid distribution. Critics object to the activity because they believe it does not encourage the production of creative works, but instead makes money through the inequities and unintended consequences of high statutory damages provisions in copyright laws intended to encourage creation of such works.

Both the term and the concept of a copyright troll began to appear in the mid-2000s. It derives from the pejorative "patent trolls", which are companies that enforce patent rights to earn money from companies that are selling products, without having products of their own for sale. It is distinguished from organizations such as ASCAP, which collect royalties and enforce copyrights of their members.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
The Planet Crafter
The Planet Crafter is an open-world survival game developed and published by the French studio Miju Games for Windows, initially created by two developers before the team grew to six members over the course of production. The game entered early access on March 24, 2022, and was officially released on April 10, 2024. In October 2024, Miju Games released the first downloadable content (DLC) for the game, titled Planet Humble.

Players assume the role of an imprisoned convict in the 3000s, tasked with terraforming a barren planet to make it habitable. Gameplay involves gathering resources, crafting tools, building machines, and gradually transforming the environment.

The Planet Crafter received generally positive reviews, with critics praising its terraforming systems, sense of progression, and relaxing sandbox gameplay. Player reception was similarly favorable, and the game sold over one million copies by June 2024.

Survival game
Survival games are a subgenre of action games which are often set in hostile, intense, open-world environments. Players generally start with minimal equipment and are required to survive as long as possible by finding the resources necessary to manage hunger, thirst, disease and/or mental state. Many survival games are based on randomly or procedurally generated persistent environments; more recently, survival games are often playable online, allowing players to interact in a single world. Survival games are generally open-ended with no set goals and often closely related to the survival horror genre, where the player must survive within a supernatural setting, such as a zombie apocalypse.
Mentougou, Beijing
Mentougou District (Chinese: 门头沟区; pinyin: Méntóugōu Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is at the western part of the city. Spanning 1,321 square kilometres (510 sq mi), with 392,606 inhabitants (2020 Census), it is subdivided into 4 subdistricts and 9 towns. It borders the Beijing districts of Changping to the northeast, Haidian and Shijingshan to the east, Fengtai to the southeast, and Fangshan to the south, as well as Hebei province to the west and northwest.

It lies in the Western Hills of Beijing and is mountainous in terrain. In fact, the mountainous terrain—including a hundred or more peaks—occupy a stunning 93% of the entire area.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Liam Henderson (footballer, born August 1996)
Liam Henderson (born 23 August 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a Central Defender for Scottish Premiership club Falkirk.

Starting in the Hearts Academy in 2014, Henderson was released in 2016 and subsequently played for Falkirk, Stenhousemuir, Cowdenbeath, Edinburgh City and Arbroath before returning to Falkirk in 2022.

PFA Scotland Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Scotland Team of the Year (often called the PFA Scotland Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the four national tiers of the Scottish football league system, who are seen to be deserving of being named in a "Team of the Year". The award is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, Professional Footballers' Association Scotland (PFA Scotland), with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions. The award was instituted in the 2006–07 season. In that first season, the award was voted for by the managers in each division.

The award was expanded to include the Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) in 2021–22.
Stone carving
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory or past time.

Work carried out by paleolithic societies to create stone tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering. The process of removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying.

Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.

Hardness
In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.
2091 Sampo
2091 Sampo (provisional designation 1941 HO), is a stony Eos asteroid and relatively slow rotator from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 April 1941, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory, Finland, and named after Sampo from Finnish mythology.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
Jérez del Marquesado
Jérez del Marquesado is a municipality in the province of Granada, southern Spain. It borders the municipalities of Cogollos de Guadix, Albuñán, Valle del Zalabí, Alquife, Lanteira, Bérchules, Trevélez, Güéjar Sierra and Lugros.

Lugros, Granada
Lugros is a municipality located in the province of Granada, southeastern  Spain, in the comarca of Guadix. It is in the North skirt of Sierra Nevada in the valley called by the villagers “Valley of the aim of the World”. A great part of its territory lies  within the national park of Sierra Nevada with hundreds of endemic plants that are unique to this zone.
Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet
Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet (21 March 1632 – 29 March 1689) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  from 1660 to 1685 and in 1689.

Hotham was the son of Captain John Hotham. He inherited the baronetcy in 1645 after his father and grandfather the 1st Baronet were executed by the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War.

In 1660, Hotham was elected Member of Parliament for Beverley in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Beverley  in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until 1685. He was re-elected MP for Beverley in 1689 and sat until his death. He was Custos Rotulorum of the East Riding of Yorkshire from 1660 to 1680.

John Hotham, the younger
Sir John Hotham the younger (1610, Yorkshire – 2 January 1645, London), known as Captain Hotham, was an English member of parliament and military commander who fought for the Parliamentarians during the First English Civil War. He was executed for treason in 1645.
Tatty Devine
Tatty Devine is a brand name for a jewellery company based in the East End of London, owned by Rosie Wolfenden and Harriet Vine who established the company in 1999. They have one shop in London's Covent Garden, situated on Neal Street. They make laser cut acrylic-based art jewellery which is handmade in the UK and personalised Name Necklaces, laser cut and handmade to order. In 2013, Rosie Wolfenden and Harriet Vine were awarded MBEs for Services to the Fashion Industry.

Plectrum
A plectrum is a small flat tool used for plucking or strumming of a stringed instrument.  For hand-held instruments such as guitars and mandolins, the plectrum is often called a pick and is held as a separate tool in the player's hand. In harpsichords, the plectra are attached to the jack mechanism.
Bachelor griller
A bachelor griller, mini oven or mini kitchen is a countertop kitchen appliance about the size of a microwave oven but which can instead grill, bake, broil or roast food. It generally incorporates one or two heating elements at the top and bottom of the appliance, has one or two hobs (American English: burners) on the cooktop, or a ceramic hotplate, and may incorporate a rotisserie.

It can be used to fry, bake and grill (American English: broil) foods. It is an alternative to reheating prepackaged meals in a microwave oven.

Modern bachelor grillers have controller knobs to control cooking temperatures. These are steadystates, a combination of a potentiometer and a thermostat, which ensure that the temperature stays stable.

Cooktop
A cooktop (American and Canadian English), hob (British English), or stovetop (general) is a device commonly used for cooking that is typically found in kitchens and used to apply heat to the base of pans or pots. Cooktops are often found integrated with an oven into a kitchen stove but may also be standalone devices. Cooktops are most often powered by gas or electricity, although oil or other fuels are sometimes used.

A cooktop may also be called a stove or range, though in more formal usage these refer collectively to the stovetop and the furnace or appliance beneath.
Clinch Mountain
Clinch Mountain is a mountain ridge in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Virginia, located within the ridge-and-valley section of the Appalachian Mountains. The ridge runs generally east-northeasterly from its southern terminus at Kitts Point (at the intersection of Knox, Union, and Grainger counties near Blaine, Tennessee) to Garden Mountain near Burke's Garden, Virginia. It separates the Clinch River basin to the north and the Holston River basin to the south.

Ralph Stanley
Ralph Edmund Stanley (February 25, 1927 – June 23, 2016) was an American bluegrass artist, known for his distinctive singing and banjo playing. He began playing music in 1946, originally with his older brother Carter Stanley as part of the Stanley Brothers, and most often as the leader of his band, the Clinch Mountain Boys. He was also known as Dr. Ralph Stanley.

He was part of the first generation of bluegrass musicians and was inducted into both the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor and the Grand Ole Opry. Stanley also often performed with Country music artists and performed the genre itself.
Elephant Marsh
Elephant Marsh lies on the flood plain of the Lower Shire River in the African country of Malawi, between the towns of Chikwawa and Nsanje. The marsh varies in size from 150 to 450 square miles (390 to 1,170 km2) depending on the flow of the Shire and Ruo rivers and has no permanent boundary. In some places, floating mats of vegetation are so thick boat travel is nearly impossible. The Ruo River, the largest tributary of the Shire and the southeastern boundary between Malawi and Mozambique, merges with the Shire in the Elephant Marsh.

The marsh was named by David Livingstone in 1859, who counted as many as 800 elephants in one sighting. Today, the elephants are largely gone, but Elephant Marsh supports a large number of aquatic birds as well as hippopotamus. The marsh is similar to swampy Lake Chilwa, located 200 miles (320 km) to the north. Boat trips through Elephant Marsh can be arranged from nearby Lengwe National Park.

Lengwe National Park
Lengwe National Park is a national park in Malawi located near the town of Chikwawa and about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Blantyre. Lengwe's topography is unusual for Malawi and consists of open deciduous forests and dense thickets. It is the home of the reclusive Nyala antelope.

The climate of Lengwe is hot and dry, and rain is the only source of consistent water. Many man-made water holes have been constructed to attract and maintain the animal population. Jambo Africa Ltd operates Nyala Lodge for visitors. Animals that inhabit this park include giraffe, spotted hyena, leopard, warthog, kudu, impala, Samango monkey, reedbuck, Cape buffalo and suni; and many interesting birds, particularly shrikes, rollers, bee-eaters and the Yellow-spotted nicator.