hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macro-haplogroup L
In human mitochondrial genetics, L  is the mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup that is at the root of the anatomically modern human (Homo sapiens) mtDNA phylogenetic tree. As such, it represents the most ancestral mitochondrial lineage of all currently living modern humans, also dubbed "Mitochondrial Eve".

Its two sub-clades are L1-6 and L0.
The split occurred during the Penultimate Glacial Period; L1-6 is estimated to have formed ca. 170 kya, and L0 ca. 150 kya.  The formation of L0 is associated with the peopling of Southern Africa by populations ancestral to the Khoisan, ca. 140 kya, at the onset of the Eemian interglacial.
L is further subdivided into L1-6 and L1,  dated ca. 150 kya and 130 kya, respectively.
Haplogroups L5 (120 kya), L2 and  L6 (90 kya),  L4 (80 kya) and L3 (70 kya).

Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. An enormous haplogroup spanning all the continents, the macro-haplogroup M, like its sibling the macro-haplogroup N, is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.

All mtDNA haplogroups considered native outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup M or its sibling haplogroup N. Haplogroup M is relatively young, having a younger most recent common ancestor date than some subclades of haplogroup N such as haplogroup R.
Count of Ribeira Grande
The Count of Ribeira Grande (Portuguese: Condes de Ribeira Grande) is a title of nobility granted to a hereditary line of nobles from the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, most closely associated with the Gonçalves da Câmara family.

The title was first conferred to Dom Manuel Luís Baltazar da Câmara, 4th Count of Vila Franca, in 1662, and his branch of the Câmara family continued to represent the title after the extinction of noble titles and the monarchy in 1910.

Manuel da Câmara II
Manuel Luís Baltazar da Câmara (c. 1570 – April 1617), member of the dynastic Gonçalves da Câmara family, was son of Rui Gonçalves da Câmara III, and succeeded him as the 6th Donatary Captain of the island of São Miguel.
Innokenty Smoktunovsky
Innokenty Mikhailovich Smoktunovsky (Russian: Иннокентий Михайлович Смоктуновский; born Smoktunovich, 28 March 1925 – 3 August 1994) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1974 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1990.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Yang Yi (author)
Yang Yi (simplified Chinese: 杨逸; traditional Chinese: 楊逸; pinyin: Yáng Yì) (born June 18, 1964) is the pen name of Liu Qiao, a Chinese-born novelist who has lived in Japan since 1987.

Yang was born in the Chinese city of Harbin and remains a Chinese citizen. In 2008, she won the 139th Akutagawa Prize for her Japanese language novel Tokiga nijimu asa (literally, A Morning When Time Blurs). She is thus far the only Chinese national and, along with Li Kotomi, one of only two non-native Japanese speakers to win the award.

Currently she is a visiting professor at Kanto Gakuin University and a professor at Nihon University.

Li Kotomi
Li Kotomi (李琴峰, born on 26 December 1989), is the pen name of a Taiwanese fiction writer, translator, and essayist in Mandarin and Japanese. Her native language is Mandarin Chinese, but her novels are predominantly written in Japanese. Her literary career began in 2017 with the Japanese novel titled Hitorimai (Chinese: 獨舞 English: Solo Dance), which received the 60th Gunzo Prize for New Writers that year. Her novel Higanbana ga saku shima (An Island Where Red Spider Lilies Bloom) received the 165th Akutagawa Prize, which was established in 1935 in commemoration of Ryūnosuke Akutagawa.
Fremont Peak (Wyoming)
Fremont Peak is the third highest peak in the state of Wyoming, surpassed only by Gannett Peak and Grand Teton, and straddles the boundary between Fremont and Sublette counties in the Wind River Range. It is named for American explorer John C. Frémont who climbed the peak with Charles Preuss and Johnny Janisse from August 13 to August 15, 1842. Kit Carson had been with the climbing party on its first attempt at the peak, but had gone back for supplies the day Fremont and his men reached the summit. Carson is thought by some to have been the first to climb neighboring Jackson Peak. At that time, Fremont Peak was mistakenly thought to be the highest mountain in the Rocky Mountains, although there are actually over 100 higher peaks in the Rocky Mountain range.

Grand Teton
Grand Teton is the highest mountain of the Teton Range in Grand Teton National Park at 13,775 feet (4,199 m) in Northwest Wyoming. Below its north face is Teton Glacier. 
The mountain is a classic destination in American mountaineering via the Owen-Spalding route (II, 5.4), the North Ridge and North Face.
Oxford–Cambridge rivalry
Oxford–Cambridge rivalry dates back to their founding in the 13th century, the oldest rivalry of any current universities in the world. During most of that time, they were the only two universities in the United Kingdom and two of the most prestigious universities in any country, generating an intense rivalry that is one of the most enduring and well-known university rivalries in the world. Between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers, and politicians, as well as noted figures in many other fields.

Rivalry between the two universities, including varsity matches held between Oxford and Cambridge influenced the development of college rivalry and college sports in the United States and other countries around the world.

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Mount Madarao
Mount Madarao (Japanese: 斑尾山) is an extinct volcano located between Iiyama and Shinano, Nagano, Japan. It is 1382 meters (4534 ft) high.

Mount Madarao has traditionally been included in the Five Mountains of Northern Shinshu. Compared to other mountains (Iizuna 1917 meters, Togakushi 1904, Kurohime 2053, and Myoko 2454), it is a low mountain, but looks a mountain of comparable height because it is nearest to Nakano, Nagano where the Five Mountains have been defined. In winter, the ski slopes of Madarao Mountain Resort and Tangram Ski Circus are in operation.

Shinano, Nagano
Shinano (信濃町, Shinano-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2019, the town had an estimated population of 8,339 in 3351 households, and a population density of 56 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 149.30 square kilometres (57.65 sq mi).
North Korean involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
North Korea has been involved in the Russo-Ukrainian war since 2022, when it supported Russia by recognizing the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic. In the autumn of 2024, North Korea sent military personnel to Russia who fought against Ukraine for Russia in Russian uniforms and under Russian command.

Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України, ГУР МОУ, romanized: Holovne upravlinnia rozvidky Ministerstva oborony Ukrainy, GUR / HUR MO), also known in English as the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine (DIU), is the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government. It is an agency of the Ministry of Defence, not the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Unlike the intelligence agencies of many countries, the HUR is not restricted to intelligence-gathering but also carries out military operations.
Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla
Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla is one of the nine comarcas of the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain. It contains the capital of the province, Seville, as well other municipalities that form a conurbation around it. This comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia.

Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla shares borders with other six comarcas: Campiña de Carmona, Campiña de Morón y Marchena, and Bajo Guadalquivir to the east; Costa Noroeste de Cádiz to the south; El Aljarafe to the west; and Sierra Norte de Sevilla and Vega del Guadalquivir to the north.

Bajo Guadalquivir
The comarca of Bajo Guadalquivir is a comarca in the province of Seville, in Andalucia, Spain. A Spanish comarca is roughly the equivalent of a county in the United States or Canada, a riding in the United Kingdom, or a Landkreis in Germany.

Is formed by eight municipalities of the province of Seville:

El Coronil

El Cuervo de Sevilla

Las Cabezas de San Juan

Lebrija

Los Molares

Los Palacios y Villafranca

El Palmar de Troya

Utrera

36°45′06″N 6°19′52″W﻿ / ﻿36.75167°N 6.33111°W﻿ / 36.75167; -6.33111
Mark Quigley
Mark Quigley (born 27 October 1985) is an Irish former professional footballer who played for Millwall, Shamrock Rovers (over 2 spells), St Patrick's Athletic (over 2 spells), Bohemians (over 2 spells), Dundalk, Sligo Rovers and Derry City.

Leinster Senior Cup (association football)
The Leinster Senior Cup is an association football cup competition organized by the Leinster Football Association. It is currently contested by LFA affiliated League of Ireland clubs, Leinster Senior League Senior Division clubs and invited teams from the various LFA affiliated junior leagues. Before the introduction of the FAI Cup, it was considered the major cup competition for clubs in what is now the Republic of Ireland. It is also the oldest association football cup competition in the Republic of Ireland.
Nun danket all und bringet Ehr
"Nun danket all und bringet Ehr" (Now thank all and bring honour) is a German Lutheran hymn in nine stanzas, with a text written by Paul Gerhardt. It was first published in 1647, in Johann Crüger's Praxis pietatis melica which was the first publication of hymns by Gerhardt. In the 1653 edition, Crüger added a melody that he composed. A general song of thanks, it has appeared in several hymnals, including the German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch and the Catholic hymnal Gotteslob. It has inspired musical settings by composers from the 17th to the 21st century. Johann Sebastian Bach used the first stanza in a cantata, however with the melody of "Lobt Gott, ihr Christen alle gleich", Hugo Distler composed a chorale cantata, and Günter Berger based a toccata for organ on it.

Lutheran hymn
Martin Luther was a great enthusiast for music, and this is why it forms a large part of Lutheran services; in particular, Luther admired the composers Josquin des Prez and Ludwig Senfl and wanted singing in the church to move away from the ars perfecta (Catholic Sacred Music of the late Renaissance) and towards singing as a Gemeinschaft (community). Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales. Lutheran hymnody is well known for its doctrinal, didactic, and musical richness. Most Lutheran churches are active musically with choirs, handbell choirs, children's choirs, and occasionally change ringing groups that ring bells in a bell tower. Johann Sebastian Bach, a devout Lutheran, composed music for the Lutheran church: more than half of his over 1000 compositions are or contain Lutheran hymns.
Frosted (horse)
Frosted (foaled April 18, 2012, in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. In 2016, he set a stakes record while winning the Metropolitan Handicap in a "dazzling performance" and followed up with a win in the Whitney Handicap. Prior to that, despite winning several stakes races, he was best known for finishing behind American Pharoah four times, including a runner-up performance in the 2015 Belmont Stakes.

Leading sire in North America
The list below shows the leading sire of Thoroughbred racehorses in North America for each year since 1830. This is determined by the amount of prize money won by the sire's progeny during the year. It is restricted to stallions which are based in North America, but currently includes earnings from overseas races in Great Britain, Ireland, France, Italy, Germany and the United Arab Emirates as well as domestic earnings.

Prior to 2015, the Leading Sire Lists published by The Blood-Horse excluded earnings from Hong Kong and Japan due to the disparity in purses. Starting in 2015, earnings from Hong Kong and Japan are included on an adjusted basis.

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.
1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)
The second of three 1949 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: III Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Perón), was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Palermo street circuit in Buenos Aires on February 6, 1949. The race was shortened from 35 laps due to rain.

Circuito Palermo
The Circuito Palermo (English: Palermo Circuit) was a Grand Prix circuit in Buenos Aires (Argentina). The 4.865 km (3.023 mi) circuit used a layout of public roads within the north-end of the Palermo park complex (adjacent to the Hipodromo Argentino), to host the Buenos Aires Grand Prix from 1948 to 1950.

Palermo was the site of the General Juan Perón / Eva Duarte de Perón Grand Prix series, hosting five (of twelve) alternating editions (the first was held at the Retiro circuit in 1947).
Battle of Cole Camp
The Battle of Cole Camp was a skirmish of the American Civil War, occurring on June 19, 1861, in Benton County, Missouri.  The Union loss provided an open path for the fleeing governor and Missouri State Guard away from Lyon's force in Boonville.

Benton County, Missouri
Benton County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 19,394 as of the 2020 Census. Its county seat is Warsaw. The county was organized January 3, 1835, and named for U.S. Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri.
Canon (music)
In music, a canon is a contrapuntal (counterpoint-based) compositional technique that employs a melody with one or more imitations of the melody played after a given duration (e.g., quarter rest, one measure, etc.). The initial melody is called the leader (or dux), while the imitative melody, which is played in a different voice, is called the follower (or comes). The follower must imitate the leader, either as an exact replication of its rhythms and intervals or some transformation thereof. Repeating canons in which all voices are musically identical are called rounds—familiar singalong versions of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" and "Frère Jacques" that call for each successive group of voices to begin the same song a bar or two after the previous group began are popular examples.

An accompanied canon is a canon accompanied by one or more additional independent parts that do not imitate the melody.

Peter Maxwell Davies
Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CH CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016) was an English composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music.

As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music, Davies formed a group dedicated to contemporary music called the New Music Manchester with fellow students Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Davies's compositions include eight works for the stage—from the monodrama Eight Songs for a Mad King, which shocked the audience in 1969, to Kommilitonen!, first performed in 2011—and ten symphonies, written between 1973 and 2013.

As a conductor, Davies was artistic director of the Dartington International Summer School from 1979 to 1984 and associate conductor/composer with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1992 to 2002, holding the latter position with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra as well.
Prodoxus weethumpi
Prodoxus weethumpi is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found in the United States in the south-western and north-eastern edges of the Mojave Desert in southern California and Nevada, north-western Arizona and south-western Utah.

The wingspan is 8.75-10.6 mm for males and 9.2-13.6 mm for females. Adults are on wing from March to early May.

Prodoxidae
The Prodoxidae are a family of moths, generally small in size and undistinguished in appearance. They include species of moderate pest status, like the currant shoot borer, and others of considerable ecological and evolutionary interest, such as various species of "yucca moths".
Metopaulias
Metopaulias is a monotypic genus of fully terrestrial land crabs which do not need to go back to the sea to spawn. Metopaulias depressus is a reddish-brown crab about 2 centimetres (0.79 in) wide which lives in the pools of water that form in the leaves of bromeliads in Jamaica. The female lays about 90 eggs, then tends to her offspring, removing dead leaves that would deoxygenate the water and adding snail shells to the pool to provide high levels of calcium that they require, catching cockroaches and millipedes to feed them, and killing larvae of the damselfly Diceratobasis macrogaster which would otherwise eat them.

Terrestrial crab
A number of lineages of crabs have evolved to live predominantly on land. Examples of terrestrial crabs are found in the families Gecarcinidae and Gecarcinucidae, as well as in selected genera from other families, such as Sesarma, although the term "land crab" is often used to mean solely the family Gecarcinidae.
Mockava
Mockava is a village in Lithuania six kilometers from the border with Poland. The Mockava Railway Station is located northeast of Mockava in the village of Zelionka.

According to the 2011 census, the population of Mockava was 59.

Bogie exchange
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the track gauge.  To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the bogies or trucks (the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car), and installing a new bogie with differently spaced wheels.  It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though the bogies on diesel locomotives can be exchanged if enough time is available.

The term can also refer to  the rebuilding of rolling-stock for permanent use on another gauge, e.g. the Little Joe electric locomotives intended for the Soviet Union (Russian gauge) which were rebuilt for use in the United States, or the New Zealand British Rail Mark 2 carriage  rebuilt for use on the NZR Cape gauge.
Bash in Berlin
Bash in Berlin was a 2024 professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by the American company WWE. It took place on Saturday, August 31, 2024, at the Uber Arena in Berlin, Germany, held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. This was WWE's first PPV and livestreaming event to be held in Germany.

Five matches were contested at the event. In the main event, which was the main match from Raw which was also an interbrand match, Gunther defeated SmackDown's Randy Orton by technical submission to retain the World Heavyweight Championship. In the opening match, which was SmackDown's main match, Cody Rhodes defeated Kevin Owens to retain the Undisputed WWE Championship. In another prominent match, CM Punk defeated Drew McIntyre in a strap match, in his first televised win at WWE in over a decade.

The event received generally positive reviews, with praise directed towards the World Heavyweight Championship match.

Professional wrestling strikes
Strikes can be offensive moves in professional wrestling, that can sometimes be used to set up an opponent for a hold or for a throw. There are a wide variety of strikes in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names. Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names. Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.

Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself. Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.); these are called aerial variations. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Uttamrao Deorao Patil
Uttamrao Deorao Patil (25 December 1944 – 10 March 2012) was an Indian politician. His father was elected as MLA From Darwha twice in 1952 & 1957 & MP from Yavatmal twice in 1962 & 1967 and Rajya Sabha MP in 1974. He himself was elected to Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha from Digras in 1972. He represented Yavatmal  constituency, which is in the state of Maharashtra, in Lok Sabha, as a member of Indian National Congress, from 1980 to 1996, and 1998 to 2004, winning six elections in that span. He did not contest the 1996 Lok Sabha election. In 2004 elections, he was defeated by Harisingh Rathod of BJP.In November 2011, he quit Congress, complaining that his supporters were getting sidelined, and joined NCP. He died four months later.

Yavatmal Lok Sabha constituency
Yavatmal (formerly known as Yeotmal) was one of the 48 Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency was spread over Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts. In 2008, constituency borders were re-drawn.
Steel detailer
A steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors.  The detailer prepares detailed plans, drawings and other documents for the manufacture and erection of steel members (columns, beams, braces, trusses, stairs, handrails, joists, metal decking, etc.) used in the construction of buildings, bridges, industrial plans, and nonbuilding structures.

Steel detailers (usually simply called detailers within their field) work closely with architects, engineers, general contractors and steel fabricators.  They usually find employment with steel fabricators, engineering firms, or independent steel detailing companies.  Steel detailing companies and self-employed detailers subcontract primarily to steel fabricators and sometimes to general contractors and engineers.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.