hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Masquers Club
The Masquers Club is a private social club for actors in Los Angeles, California. It was created in 1925 by actors from New York City who had left Broadway to act in motion pictures. It was similar to the Lambs Club in New York. The Club produced thirteen short subjects, the most famous of which, The Stolen Jools, featured seven Oscar-winning performers. Raymond Griffith died there in 1957.

The Lambs
The Lambs, Inc. (also known as The Lambs Club) is a New York City social club that nurtures those active in the arts, as well as those who are supporters of the arts, by providing activities and a clubhouse for its members.  It is America's oldest professional theatrical organization.

The club's name honors the essayist Charles Lamb and his sister Mary, who during the early 19th century played host to actors and literati at their famed salon in London.
Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures
In mathematics, equivalent definitions are used in two somewhat different ways. First, within a particular mathematical theory (for example, Euclidean geometry), a notion (for example, ellipse or minimal surface) may have more than one definition. These definitions are equivalent in the context of a given mathematical structure (Euclidean space, in this case). Second, a mathematical structure may have more than one definition (for example, topological space has at least seven definitions; ordered field has at least two definitions).

In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition.

In the latter case, the meaning of equivalence (between two definitions of a structure) is more complicated, since a structure is more abstract than an object. Many different objects may implement the same structure.

Topological group
In mathematics, topological groups are the combination of groups and topological spaces, i.e. they are groups and topological spaces at the same time, such that the continuity condition for the group operations connects these two structures together and consequently they are not independent from each other.

Topological groups were studied extensively in the period of 1925 to 1940. Haar and Weil (respectively in 1933 and 1940) showed that the integrals and Fourier series are special cases of a construct that can be defined on a very wide class of topological groups.

Topological groups, along with continuous group actions, are used to study continuous symmetries, which have many applications, for example, in physics. In functional analysis, every topological vector space is an additive topological group with the additional property that scalar multiplication is continuous; consequently, many results from the theory of topological groups can be applied to functional analysis.
Jordan 199
The Jordan 199 was the car with which the Jordan team competed in the 1999 Formula One World Championship. It was driven by 1996 World Champion Damon Hill, who had won the team's first Grand Prix in Belgium the previous season, and Heinz-Harald Frentzen, who was swapped with Williams in favour of Ralf Schumacher. The car was also driven by test drivers Tomáš Enge and Shinji Nakano. It was designed by technical director Mike Gascoyne and his assistant Tim Holloway.

It proved to be Jordan's most successful car in its fifteen-year history, scoring two wins, a pole position and third place in the Constructors' Championship.  Frentzen also had a realistic shot of winning the Drivers' Championship, in what would prove to be his most successful season as well.

For Hill the year was not so good.  Comprehensively out-performed throughout the season by Frentzen, he decided to retire during the course of the year and could only score seven points towards the team's eventual tally of 61.

Jordan EJ10
The Jordan EJ10, and an updated version, the EJ10B, was the car with which the Jordan team competed in the 2000 Formula One World Championship. The car was driven by German Heinz-Harald Frentzen, who was in his second season with the team, and Italian Jarno Trulli, who moved from Prost.

The car was designed by Mike Gascoyne, and powered by a Mugen-Honda V10 engine. It was designated the EJ10 to honour team boss Eddie Jordan and the team's tenth season in Formula One, breaking with the previous designation format of '1' followed by the last two digits of the year of competition.
Rauðhólar (Vesturdalur)
Rauðhólar (Vesturdalur) is a small chain of volcanoes within the Askja or the Fremrinámur volcanic systems in the north of Iceland.

They are located at the lower course of the river Jökulsá á Fjöllum, around 25 km from Öxarfjörður fjord and at the same time near Vesturdalur in Jökulsárgljúfur National Park next to the Hljóðaklettar (the echo cliffs).

Dike (geology)
In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. Dikes can be either magmatic or sedimentary in origin. Magmatic dikes form when magma flows into a crack then solidifies as a sheet intrusion, either cutting across layers of rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack.
2002 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The 2002 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships was the 23rd edition of the global wildwater canoeing competition, Wildwater Canoeing World Championships, organised by the International Canoe Federation.

Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The Wildwater Canoeing World Championships are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every two years from 1959 to 1995 and then from 1996 to 2001, from 2011 the event is annual.
Medial knee injuries
Medial knee injuries (those to the inside of the knee) are the most common type of knee injury. The medial ligament complex of the knee consists of:

superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), also called the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or tibial collateral ligament

deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL), or mid-third medial capsular ligament

posterior oblique ligament (POL), or oblique fibers of the sMCL

This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
Hagal dune field
Hagal is the informal name of a dune field on Mars located below the north pole of Mars. Its name derives from the sand dunes in Frank Herbert's novel Dune and the fictional planet Hagal. It is located at coordinates 78.0° N latitude, 84.0° E longitude, and consists of linear and round dunes with a southeast slipface orientation. It was one of the dune formations targeted for imaging by the HiRISE camera, on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, at the rate of one image every six weeks. in the third year (MY31–Mars Year 31) of its seasonal expedition. It is also known as the "Martian Morse Code" due to the linear and rounded formations of its dunes, which have the appearance of dots and dashes.

Planum Boreum
Planum Boreum (Latin: "the northern plain") is the northern polar plain on Mars. It extends northward from roughly 80°N and is centered at 88°00′N 15°00′E﻿ / ﻿88.0°N 15.0°E﻿ / 88.0; 15.0. Surrounding the high polar plain is a flat and featureless lowland plain called Vastitas Borealis which extends for approximately 1500 kilometers southwards, dominating the northern hemisphere.
Chimichurri
Chimichurri (Spanish: [tʃimiˈtʃuri]) is an uncooked sauce used as an ingredient in cooking and as a table condiment for grilled meat. Found originally in Argentina and used in Argentinian, Uruguayan, Paraguayan and Brazilian cuisines, it has become widely adopted in most of Latin America. The sauce comes in green (chimichurri verde) and red (chimichurri rojo) varieties. It is made of finely chopped flat-leaf parsley, chili peppers, minced garlic, olive oil, oregano, and red wine vinegar or lemon juice. It is similar to Moroccan chermoula and Italian pesto.

Uruguayan cuisine
Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines from several European countries, especially of Mediterranean foods from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France. Other influences on the cuisine resulted from immigration from countries such as Germany and Scotland. Uruguayan gastronomy is a result of immigration, rather than local Amerindian cuisine, because of late-19th and early 20th century immigration waves.

The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products: primarily beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish. The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, although modernization has popularized frying. Although Uruguay has considerable native flora and fauna, with the exception of yerba mate, native plants and animals largely do not figure into Uruguayan cuisine. Popular sweets are membrillo quince jam and dulce de leche.
William H. Tyler House
The William H. Tyler House is a historic house in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was built in 1890 for William Henry Tyler, an immigrant from Wales who founded the W. H. Tyler Stone Company in Lincoln in 1881. It was designed in the Queen Anne and Richardsonian Romanesque styles by James Tyler, William's brother. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 6, 1978.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lancaster County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. Another 6 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Douglas Mackiernan
Douglas Seymour Mackiernan (April 25, 1913 – April 29, 1950) was an American intelligence officer and spy known for being the first officer of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to be killed in the line of duty.

Osman Batur
Osman Batur (Kazakh: Оспан батыр, romanized: Ospan Batyr; 1899 – April 29, 1951) was a Kazakh military leader active in the Altai Mountains. He led a personal army of fellow Kazakhs and fought alongside the Soviet-backed Second East Turkestan Republic, before defecting to the Nationalist forces of the Republic of China.
Boggy Depot, Oklahoma
Boggy Depot is a ghost town and Oklahoma State Park that was formerly a significant city in the Indian Territory. It grew as a vibrant and thriving town in present-day Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, and became a major trading center on the Texas Road and the Butterfield Overland Mail route between Missouri and San Francisco. After the Civil War, when the MKT Railroad came through the area, it bypassed Boggy Depot and the town began a steady decline. It was soon replaced by Atoka as the chief city in the area.  By the early 20th century, all that remained of the community was a sort of ghost town.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
The Wycherly Woman
The Wycherly Woman is a detective novel by Ross Macdonald. The ninth to feature Lew Archer, it was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1961. Earlier that year a condensed version had appeared in Cosmopolitan under the title "Take My Daughter Home". The novel was nominated for the 1962 Edgar Awards, and earlier included in Anthony Boucher’s best crime fiction list of 1961.

While some translations of the title were faithful to the original, others contained glosses of the plot, which turns on the hunt for and confusion in identifying a mother and daughter. Titles included Die wahre Mrs. Wycherly (The True Mrs Wycherly, German 1964); Mutter und Tochter (Mother and Daughter), German e-book, 2018; Så levende så død (So living, so dead), Danish 1966; Honba za Phoebe (The Hunt for Phoebe), Czech 1972; Rikas tyttöparka (Rich girl on the lam), Finnish 1990; 위철리 여자 (Smart Woman), Korean 1992.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Monchegorsky District
Monchegorsky District (Russian: Мончего́рский райо́н) was an administrative division (a district) of Murmansk Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, and later of Murmansk Oblast of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, which existed in 1938–1949.

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
Staiti
Staiti (Calabrian Greek: Στάτη, romanized: Stàti) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 335 and an area of 15.9 square kilometres (6.1 sq mi).

Staiti borders the following municipalities: Africo, Bova, Brancaleone, Bruzzano Zeffirio, Palizzi.

Africo
Africo (Calabrian: Africu; Calabrian Greek: Άφρικο, romanized: Aphriko) is a comune in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Southern Italian region of Calabria located 74 kilometres (46 mi) from Reggio Calabria.

Africo consists of two main centers. The first, Africo Vecchio (Old Africo), is located some 15 kilometres (9 mi) in the mainland at the feet of the Aspromonte. The old town was destroyed by disastrous floods and landslides in October 1951 and abandoned. The second, Africo Nuovo (New Africo), was reconstructed around 15 kilometres (9 mi) away, on the Ionian coast near Bianco. The remnants of the old town are situated in the Aspromonte National Park.
Randy Salerno
Randall Salerno (January 4, 1963 – January 24, 2008) was an American news anchor for CBS news in Chicago, Illinois at WBBM-TV.  Salerno had previously worked at WGN-TV alongside Roseanne Tellez at both WBBM-TV and WGN-TV 1993-2004.

Roseanne Tellez
Roseanne Tellez (born October 13, 1962) is an American television reporter and anchor who has been working since 1988. From December 2004 to February 2019, she anchored morning, midday, and evening newscasts for WBBM-TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago, Illinois. Most recently, she was a general assignment reporter and fill-in anchor.
Siege of Coimbra (1117)
The siege of Coimbra of 1117 was a military engagement between the forces of the Almoravid dynasty and those of the County of Portugal in the city of Coimbra. In 1117, the Almoravids launched a campaign into the County of Portugal to attack the city of Coimbra and withdrew after failing to capture it.

Henry, Count of Portugal
Henry of Burgundy (Portuguese: Henrique de Borgonha, French: Henri de Bourgogne; c. 1066 – 22 May 1112), Count of Portugal, was the first member of the Capetian House of Burgundy to rule Portugal and the father of the country's first king, Afonso Henriques.
Bodebarsain Municipality
Bodebarsain (Nepali: बोदेबरसाइन) is a municipality of Saptari District, Madhesh Province. It lies in the eastern Terai region of Nepal. It was officially upgraded to become a municipality in 2016, which otherwise was a Village Development Committee prior to that change. In order to meet the requirements to become a municipality, Bodebarsain merged Phulkahi, Manraja, Khadgapur, Deuri, Kachan, Sarashwar, Negada and Dhanagadi VDC with itself. Bodebarsain spreads over an approximate area of 58.93 km2 (22.75 sq mi) and comprises 10 wards. According to 2021 census, the city had a population of 46,017.

Dhanagadi
Dhanagadi  is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,201 people living in 954 individual households.
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin condition, characterised by intensely itchy blisters filled with a watery fluid. DH is a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, although the exact causal mechanism is not known. DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus; the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance (Latin: -formis) similar to herpes.

The age of onset is usually about 15 to 40, but DH also may affect children and the elderly. Men are slightly more affected than women. Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000. It is most common in patients of northern European and northern Indian ancestry, and is associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.

Dermatitis herpetiformis was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884. A connection between DH and coeliac disease was recognized in 1967.

Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.  The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering (AMACE) is an engineering college in Vadamavandal near Kancheepuram, India. Established in 1985, this college is managed by Meenakshi Ammal Trust.

Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering is an institution that has been approved by All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi, and is affiliated to Anna University, South India. The college was established in 1985 by an order of the government of Tamil Nadu as a Telugu Linguistic Minority Engineering College, approved by AICTE and affiliated to University of Madras. Now it is affiliated with Anna University in Chennai.

Anna University
Anna University is a public state university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The main campus is in Guindy. It was originally established on 4 September 1978 and is named after C. N. Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Kosmos 1581
Kosmos 1581 (Russian: Космос 1581 meaning Cosmos 1581) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1581 was launched from Site 43/4 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 21:31 UTC on 3 July 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-071A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15095.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.