hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Farzaneh Milani
Farzaneh Milani (Persian: فرزانه میلانی; born c. 1947) is an Iranian-born American scholar, author, poet, translator, and educator. Milani teaches Persian literature and women's studies at the University of Virginia; and serves as the Chair of the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures. She is also a poet, award-winning translator, and a recipient of the Carnegie Fellowship and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Milani's 1992 book Veils and Words: the Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers (Syracuse, 1992), has seen its sixteenth printing.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Plasau Duon
Plasau Duon or Plasauduon is a  timber-framed house,  formerly in the parish of  Carno, but now within the area of the community council of Caersws in the historic county of Montgomeryshire, and  now in Powys, Wales. It  is located on a site above the left bank of the Afon Carno, on a farm road leading off the lane from the A.470 to Bwlch-y-garreg.  It is a fine example of a ‘’Severn Valley’’  house and has a Grade II* listing.  It is likely to have been built in the second half of the 16th. century.

Glas Hirfryn
Glas Hirfryn is a farm in Cwmdu, at east side of the road through the valley of the Lleiriog on the southern side of the Berwyn Mountains. It is in the community of Llansilin, which was formerly in Denbighshire, but since 1996 has been in the Montgomeryshire part of Powys. The timber-framed farmhouse, which stands within a group of farm buildings was abandoned in the mid-20th century, at which time it was listed as Grade II. The house has now been dated by dendrochronology to about 1559 AD or shortly afterwards.

By 2002 the building had largely collapsed, but since 2012 a restoration programme has been started under the supervision of architect Graham Moss and drawing on the expertise of the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT). The restoration work has been undertaken by Manor Joinery of Minsterley, Shropshire.
2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship squads
This article lists the confirmed squads for the 2019 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship tournament held in Antwerp, Belgium between 16 and 24 August 2019. The eight national teams were required to register a playing squad of eighteen players and two reserves.

Age, caps and club for each player are as of 16 August 2019, the first day of the tournament.

2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 17th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

It was held alongside the women's tournament from 16 to 24 August 2019 in Antwerp, Belgium. The tournament also served as a direct qualifier for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, with the winner Belgium qualifying.

The hosts Belgium won their first-ever European title after beating Spain 5–0 in the final. The two-time defending champions the Netherlands won the bronze medal by defeating Germany 4–0.
Jurgis Astikas
Jurgis Astikas or Jurgis Astikaitis (1530–1579)  was a Lithuanian nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a member of the noble Astikai family. He participated in the Livonian War and signing of the election of king Henry of Valois after the death of king Sigismund Augustus in 1572. Jurgis was executed in Lithuania in 1579 under suspicions of plotting to assassinate king Stephen Báthory. Jurgis did not leave any descendants.

Astikai
Astikai (Latin: Astikus, Polish: Ościk, Ościkowicze or Ostik) was a Lithuanian noble family, that prospered in late 14th and early 17th centuries. Kristinas Astikas, a noble from Kernavė, was the founder of the family. There is some vague evidence, that his father was Sirputis (probably descendant of other Sirputis, brother of Traidenis, Bardis, Liesis, and Svalkenis) and his grandfather was Viršulis, mentioned in chronicles. It is worth to note, that members of Astikai family on different occasions were referred to by these names. One of treaties signed by Kristinas Astikas mentions his father name, Radvilas. However, that is the only reliable clue into the genealogy of Astikai family.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
In medicine, hepatopulmonary syndrome is a syndrome of shortness of breath and hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood of the arteries) caused by vasodilation (broadening of the blood vessels) in the lungs of patients with liver disease. Dyspnea and hypoxemia are worse in the upright position (which is called platypnea and orthodeoxia, respectively).

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Pardes House Grammar School
Pardes House Grammar School is a 10–16 private, Orthodox Jewish, secondary school for boys in Finchley, Greater London, England. It was established in 1976 and since 2001, it has occupied the former Christ's College school building which is a Grade II listed building that was constructed in 1860.

Finchley
Finchley (/ˈfɪntʃli/) is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet. 7 mi (11 km) north of Charing Cross, nearby districts include: Golders Green, Muswell Hill, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, Mill Hill and Hendon.

It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres: North Finchley, East Finchley and Finchley Church End (Finchley Central). Made up of four wards, the population of Finchley was 65,812 as of 2011.
Eulophophyllum kirki
Eulophophyllum kirki is a katydid found in Danum Valley Conservation Area in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. It is in the genus Eulophophyllum in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It was described in 2016.

It was highlighted as one of SUNY-ESF's "Top 10 New Species of 
2017".

This species was described and named just on photographs, which has been criticized by some experts.

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
Prelože, Ilirska Bistrica
Prelože (pronounced [pɾɛˈloːʒɛ]; Italian: Prelose Sant'Egidio) is a village in the hills northwest of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Giles and belongs to the Parish of Pregarje.

Pregarje
Pregarje (pronounced [pɾɛˈɡaːrjɛ]; Italian: Pregara) is a village west of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the centre of the Brkini Hills region.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and belongs to the Koper Diocese.
Centaurea alba
Centaurea alba is a species of Centaurea found in the Iberian Peninsula in southern and central Spain and in a small neighbouring area in the interior of Portugal. There are three recognised subspecies, and of one subspecies, the nominate, there are furthermore three varieties.

It has been called pale knapweed in English. Vernacular names which have been recorded for this herb in Castilian Spanish are calcitrapa, cardo estrellado, centaura estrellada, garbanzos del cura, siempre nueva, siempre-nueva, and trapacaballos. Other local recorded names in Spanish are abreojos, abrepuños, amargosa, amargosilla, amargoso, ardolla, arzolla, cardo abrepuños, cardo de la arzolla, marbosilla, margosilla, piropo, planta para hemorroides and raíz de la arzolla. In the Catalan language it is known as raspallera in the Valencian dialect.

Province of Soria
The Province of Soria (Spanish: Provincia de Soria) is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. Most of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It is bordered by the provinces of La Rioja, Zaragoza, Guadalajara, Segovia, and Burgos.

With a population of 90,183, it is the least populous province of Spain, as well as the least densely populated with a density of less than 9 inhabitants/km2, one of the lowest in the European Union.
Douglas Robinson (academic)
Douglas Robinson (born September 30, 1954) is an American academic scholar, translator, and fiction-writer who is best known for his work in translation studies, but has published widely on various aspects of human communication and social interaction (American literature, literary theory, linguistic theory, gender theory, writing theory, rhetorical theory). He has translated several Finnish novels, plays, and monographs into English, and his own novel was written in English but first published in Finnish translation.

Robinson is currently Professor of Translating and Interpreting at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Emeritus Professor of Translation, Interpreting, and Intercultural Studies at Hong Kong Baptist University.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Hordeum comosum
Hordeum comosum is a species of wild barley in the family Poaceae. It is native to Chile and western and southern Argentina, and has been introduced to the Falkland Islands. A widespread perennial grass, it is an important forage as it is relished by sheep.

Forage
Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.

While the term forage has a broad definition, the term forage crop is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop.
HD 43197 b
HD 43197 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type main sequence or subgiant star HD 43197, located approximately 204 light years away in the constellation Canis Major. This planet has a minimum mass 55% that of Jupiter and takes 0.85 years to orbit the star at a semimajor axis of 0.882 AU. It has a high eccentricity of 0.74, but its inclination is not known. This planet was detected by HARPS on October 19, 2009, together with 29 other planets.

In 2022, a second super-Jovian planet was discovered orbiting HD 43197 using a combination of radial velocity and astrometry. Assuming HD 43197 b shares the outer planet's orbital inclination, its true mass would be about 4 MJ.

The planet HD 43197 b is named Equiano. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Nigeria, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Olaudah Equiano was a writer and abolitionist from Ihiala, Nigeria who fought injustice and for the elimination of the slave trade.

Super-Jupiter
A super-Jupiter is a gas giant exoplanet that is more massive than the planet Jupiter. For example, companions at the planet–brown dwarf borderline have been called super-Jupiters, such as around the star Kappa Andromedae.
Cymric, Saskatchewan
Cymric is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Last Mountain Valley No. 250, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located along Highway 20 between Duval and Govan, it is also serviced by the Canadian Pacific Railway and located at mile 62.3 on the rail line running between Regina and Lanigan.

Duval, Saskatchewan
Duval (2016 population: 83) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Last Mountain Valley No. 250 and Census Division No. 11. The village is located on Highway 20, approximately 93 kilometres (58 mi) north of the city of Regina.
Marin Barleti
Marin Barleti (Latin: Marinus Barletius, Italian: Marino Barlezio; c. 1450–1454 – c. 1512) was a historian, humanist and Roman Catholic priest from Shkodër. He is considered the first Albanian historian because of his 1504 eyewitness account of the 1478 siege of Shkodra. Barleti is better known for his second work, a biography on Skanderbeg, translated into many languages in the 16th to the 20th centuries.

Apostolo Zeno
Apostolo Zeno (11 December 1668 – 11 November 1750) was a Venetian poet, dramatist and scholar, known for his contributions to the development of opera seria and his role in the early eighteenth-century Italian literary scene.
Gallup Talons
The Gallup Talons were an American Basketball Association (ABA) team based in Gallup, New Mexico.  The team began play in the fall of 2005, and was announced as a Native American team; however, the team released its last Native American player in January 2006. The team started off 10-0, losing its eleventh game to the Southern California Legends.

Opting out of the 2005-06 playoffs, the team was transferred from former owner Joe Kolb to Debra Money and was renamed the Gallup Outlaws for the 2006-07 season, to much less successful results.   After taking the '07-'08 season off, the team announced they were returning for the '08-'09 season, with Kolb back as owner, and the team going back to the Talons nickname.  New Mexico Lobos men's basketball alumnus Kelvin Scarborough will serve as head coach for the resurrected Talons.

Gallup, New Mexico
Gallup is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 21,899 as of the 2020 census. A substantial percentage of its population is Native American, with residents from the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni tribes. Gallup is the county seat of McKinley County and the most populous city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, along historic U.S. Route 66.

Gallup is known as the "Heart of Indian Country" because it is on the edge of the Navajo reservation and is also home to members of many other tribes.

The city is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Because of the nearby rugged terrain, it was a popular location in the 1940s and 1950s for Hollywood Westerns.
Impidens
Impidens  is an extinct genus of large omnivorous cynodont from the Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica. Its type and only species is Impidens hancoxi. Impidens inhabited high-latitude environments of southern Gondwana during the Middle Triassic, where it was probably the apex predator.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
2024 Monaghan County Council election
An election to all 18 seats on Monaghan County Council was held on 7 June 2024 as part of the 2024 Irish local elections. County Monaghan is divided into 3 local electoral areas (LEAs) to elect councillors for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

2024 Irish local elections
The 2024 Irish local elections were held in all local authorities in Ireland on Friday, 7 June 2024. European Parliament elections were held on the same day. It also included the 2024 Limerick mayoral election, for the first directly elected mayor in Ireland. Each local government area (a city, a county, or a city and county) is divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) where three to seven councillors are elected on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This year saw a record number of women standing for election, with 31.4% (682 out of 2,171 candidates) being female. 26.1% of those elected were women (248 out of 949), a small increase compared to the last elections. Voter turnout for the elections was 49.4%, the first time less than half of registered voters participated, slightly down from 50.2% in 2019.
Donte Williams
Donte Antonio Williams (born September 1, 1982) is an American football coach who is the defensive backs coach at the University of Georgia. He previously served as USC's associate head coach under Clay Helton, and he became USC's interim head coach on September 13, 2021, after Helton was fired. After leading the Trojans for the final 10 games of the 2021 season, Williams remained at the school on the staff of new head coach Lincoln Riley. A coach with stints at Oregon, Nebraska, Arizona, and San Jose State, Williams has established himself as one of the nation's top college football recruiters.

Williams played college football at Pasadena City College, Syracuse, and Idaho State before playing professionally in the AF2.

Lincoln Riley
Lincoln Michael Riley (born September 5, 1983) is an American college football coach and former player who is the head football coach at the University of Southern California. Riley previously served as the head coach at the University of Oklahoma for five seasons from 2017 to 2021, where he won four consecutive Big 12 Championship Games.

Playing quarterback himself as a walk-on player at Texas Tech and known for his "Air Raid" offensive scheme, Riley has mentored three Heisman Trophy winners at quarterback (Baker Mayfield, Kyler Murray, and Caleb Williams) as well as another starting NFL quarterback and Super Bowl MVP in Jalen Hurts.
2016 Hurghada attack
On 8 January 2016, two suspected militants, armed with a melee weapon and a signal flare, allegedly arrived by sea and stormed the Bella Vista Hotel in the Red Sea city of Hurghada, Egypt, stabbing two foreign tourists from Austria and one from Sweden. (Early reports incorrectly stated that the victims were one German and one Danish national.) One of the attackers, 21-year-old student Mohammed Hassan Mohammed Mahfouz, was killed by police as he tried to take a woman hostage. The other attacker was injured. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility.

Terrorism in Egypt
Terrorism in Egypt in the 20th and 21st centuries has targeted the Egyptian government officials, Egyptian police and Egyptian army members, tourists, Sufi Mosques and the Christian minority. Many attacks have been linked to Islamic extremism, and terrorism increased in the 1990s when the Islamist movement al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya targeted high-level political leaders and killed hundreds – including civilians – in its pursuit of implementing traditional Sharia law in Egypt.

Ayman al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian doctor and leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad group, was believed to be behind the operations of al-Qaeda.
New Directions (Glee)
"New Directions" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee, and the one-hundred-first episode overall. Written and directed by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, it aired on Fox in the United States on March 25, 2014, and is the second part of a two-part anniversary episode that features the apparent end of New Directions after the club is shut down by principal Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch). Many graduates of the glee club have returned, as have special guest stars Kristin Chenoweth as April Rhodes and Gwyneth Paltrow as Holly Holliday. This is the last appearance of Paltrow, Chenoweth, and Melissa Benoist on the series, although Benoist is still credited as a series regular throughout the remainder of the season.

Mercedes Jones
Mercedes Jones is a fictional character from the Fox popular musical comedy-drama series Glee. The character is portrayed by actress Amber Riley, and has appeared in Glee from its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009. Mercedes was developed by Glee creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. She is a dynamic diva-in-training who refuses to sing back-up, and is a member of the glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio.
Closed Game
A Closed Game (or Double Queen's Pawn Opening) is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. d4 d5

The move 1.d4 establishes center control and permits the development of the queen's bishop. Black's symmetrical response 1...d5 does the same. White's most common response is 2.c4, the Queen's Gambit, with the most frequent alternatives being 2.Nf3 and 2.Bf4.

Unlike with the king's pawn openings, where the pawn on e4 is undefended after the first move, the pawn on d4 is protected by White's queen.The slight difference has a tremendous effect on the opening. For instance, whereas the King's Gambit is rarely played today at the highest levels of chess, the Queen's Gambit remains very popular at all levels of play.

Compared with the king's pawn openings, transpositions between variations are more common in Closed Games. Play tends to be more positional compared to lines beginning 1.e4, but there are many sharp tactical lines as well.

Queen's Gambit Declined
The Queen's Gambit Declined (or QGD) is a chess opening in which Black declines a pawn offered by White in the Queen's Gambit:

1. d4 d5

2. c4 e6

This is known as the Orthodox Line of the Queen's Gambit Declined. When the "Queen's Gambit Declined" is mentioned, it is usually assumed to be referring to the Orthodox Line; see "Other second moves for Black" below for other moves.

The most common continuation is 3.Nc3 Nf6 (covered by ECO codes D35–D69), after which White may continue with 4.Bg5, leading to the traditional line, 4.cxd5, the Exchange Variation, and 4.Nf3, the Three Knights Variation.

The Orthodox Line can be reached by a number of different move orders, such as 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 (avoiding the Nimzo-Indian Defense) d5; 1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5; 1.c4 e6 2.Nc3 d5 3.d4; 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.d4; and so on. Of the 34 games played in the 1927 World Championship between Alexander Alekhine and José Raúl Capablanca, all except the first and third began with the Queen's Gambit Declined.