hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingsbridge Heights, Bronx
Kingsbridge Heights is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries are Van Cortlandt Park to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, Kingsbridge Road to the south, and the Major Deegan Expressway to the west. Sedgwick Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Kingsbridge Heights.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 8, and its ZIP Codes include 10463 and 10468. The area is patrolled by the 50th and 52nd Precincts of the New York City Police Department. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 8 at 2794 Randall Avenue in the Throgs Neck section of the Bronx.

Bx1 and Bx2 buses
The Bx1 and Bx2 are two bus routes that run on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx, New York City. The routes, which are operated by MaBSTOA, also follow Sedgwick Avenue and Mosholu Parkway for a short distance at their northern end. As the numbers suggest, these were the first two bus routes in the Bronx.
Kington Tramway
The Kington Tramway was an early narrow gauge horse-drawn tramway that linked limestone quarries at Burlingjobb near New Radnor in Radnorshire, Wales, to Eardisley in Herefordshire, England, where it joined the Hay Tramway. With a combined length of 36 miles this was the longest plateway that was built in Britain.

Wagonway
A wagonway (or waggonway; also known as a horse-drawn railway, or horse-drawn railroad) was a method of railway transportation that preceded the steam locomotive and used horses to haul wagons. The terms plateway and tramway were also used. The advantage of wagonways was that far bigger loads could be transported with the same power compared to horse haulage along roads.
Lagarith
Lagarith is an open source lossless video codec written by Ben Greenwood. It is a fork of the code of HuffYUV and offers better compression at the cost of greatly reduced speed on uniprocessor systems. Lagarith was designed and written with a few aims in mind:

Speed

While not as fast as HuffYUV, it still outperforms most other lossless video codecs when it comes to encoding times, although decoding speed may be slower. Recent versions also support parallelizing on multi-processor systems.

Color-space support

Color-space conversions can cause rounding errors, introducing data loss, contrary to the ideal of lossless video compression. Lagarith attempts to avoid this problem by supporting YV12, YUY2, RGB, and RGBA colorspaces.

Keyframes

Disallowing inter-prediction means that each frame can be separately decoded. This makes cutting, joining and seeking much easier.

These three things, as well as being more efficient at compression than HuffYUV, make it editing stage.

Video codec
A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder.

The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video.

There are complex relationships between the video quality, the amount of data used to represent the video (determined by the bit rate), the complexity of the encoding and decoding algorithms, sensitivity to data losses and errors, ease of editing, random access, and end-to-end delay (latency).
Gillingham and Rainham
Gillingham and Rainham is a constituency in Kent represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Naushabah Khan of the Labour Party. It was previously represented since its 2010 creation by Rehman Chishti of the Conservative Party and replaced the previous constituency of Gillingham.

Medway
Medway is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Kent in South East England. It was formed in 1998 by merging the boroughs of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham, and is administered by Medway Council, which is independent from Kent County Council. The borough had a population of 278,016 in 2019.  The borough contains the towns of Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, Rochester and Strood, which are collectively known as the Medway Towns.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the Medway School of Arts.
Paulos Faraj Rahho
Paulos Faraj Rahho (also known as Paul Faraj Rahho and Paulos Faradsch Raho; Arabic: بولس فرج رحو, Būlus Farağ Raḥū; Syriac: ܦܘܠܘܣ ܦ̮ܪܔ ܪܚܘ, Paulōs Farağ Raḥō; 20 November 1942 – February or March 2008) was a Chaldean Catholic prelate who served as the Archeparch of Mosul in the northern part of Iraq from 2001 until his death in 2008 at the hands of terrorists.

Karamlesh
Karamlesh (Syriac: ܟܪܡܠܫ, Arabic: كرمليس; also spelled Karemlash, Karemles, Karemlish, etc.) is a town in northern Iraq located less than 18 miles (29 km) south east of Mosul.

It is surrounded by many hills that along with it made up the historical Assyrian city of Kar-Mullissi (written URU.kar-dNIN.LÍL), which means "the city of Mullissu" in Akkadian. Its Assyrian residents fled to Kurdistan Region because of the planned escape from the Peshmerga following the invasion of the town by ISIS forces in August 2014. The town was liberated by Iraqi Security Forces from ISIS rule on October 24, 2016, as part of the larger Battle of Mosul.
Tydd Gote
Tydd Gote is an English village, partly, at the north, in the civil parish of Tydd St Mary of the South Holland District of Lincolnshire, and partly, at the south, in the civil parish of Tydd St Giles of the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire.

Fenland District
Fenland is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. It was historically part of the Isle of Ely. The district covers around 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi) of mostly agricultural land in the extremely flat Fens. The council is based in Fenland Hall, in March. Other towns include Chatteris, Whittlesey and Wisbech, the largest of the four.

Since 2017 the district has been a constituent member of the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority, led by the directly-elected Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.

The neighbouring districts are East Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Peterborough, South Holland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Denis Fogarty
Denis Fogarty (born 16 July 1983) is a former Irish rugby union player who played at hooker for Munster, Aurillac, Agen and Provence. He has also represented Ireland at schoolboy, U21 and 'A' level. He was educated at Rockwell College. In May 2016, Fogarty was forced to retire from rugby after suffering a recurrence of a shoulder injury.

2009 Churchill Cup
The 2009 Churchill Cup took place between June 6 and June 21, 2009, marking the seventh year of the Churchill Cup.

For the first time in the tournament's history, all rounds were held in the United States. This was done in an effort to reduce the cost of the tournament after the discontinued sponsorship by Barclays and to keep the tournament from being suspended for a year. Six rugby union teams took part: Canada, England Saxons, Ireland A, the USA, Argentina Jaguars, and for the first time in the tournament, the Georgia national team. Tickets for the event went on sale to USA Rugby members on April 2, 2009, and general sales tickets went on sale on April 24, 2009. The matches were broadcast live on Sky Sports in the UK and Setanta Sports North America in the US.
Azizollah Khoshvaght
Azizollah Khoshvaght (Persian: عزیزالله خوشوقت), also known as Ayatollah Khoshvaqt (or Khoshwaqt) (1926 – 19 February 2013), was a contemporary philosopher, mystic, theologian, and faqih. He was a student of Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi and Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini. He was the second child of the family, went to seminary after passing high-school, and went to Qom after educating for five years in Lorzadeh mosque in Tehran.

Khoshvaght returned to Tehran after the end of his seminary education, and got married at the age of 33, resulting in 2 sons and 4 daughters. His parents were from Zanjan. Khoshvaqt was a prominent scholar, Faqih and a teacher of ethics.

Khoshvaght who was also well known as Aziz Khoshvaght, was also the Imam Jama'a of Imam Hassan-Mojtaba mosque in Tehran.

Azizollah Khoshvaght died at the age of 86, when he was in Mecca on 19 February 2013.

Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (Persian: سید محمدحسین طباطبائی, romanized: Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī; 16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his Tafsir al-Mizan, a twenty-seven-volume work of tafsir (Quranic exegesis), which he produced between 1954 and 1972. He is commonly known as Allameh Tabataba'i, and the Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran is named after him.
Dianella amoena
Dianella amoena, commonly known as the matted flax-lily, is an endangered, herbaceous, perennial plant endemic to Australia. It belongs to the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae. It has long grey-green leaves which grow in clumps from an underground rhizome, and displays blue-purple flowers in spring-summer, up to 90 cm in height. The common name Matted Flax-lily refers to its extensively rhizomatous nature, sometimes forming large mats up to 5m wide.

Clonal colony
A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor. In plants, an individual in such a population is referred to as a ramet. In fungi, "individuals" typically refers to the visible fruiting bodies or mushrooms that develop from a common mycelium which, although spread over a large area, is otherwise hidden in the soil. Clonal colonies are common in many plant species. Although many plants reproduce sexually through the production of seed, reproduction occurs by underground stolons or rhizomes in some plants. Above ground, these plants most often appear to be distinct individuals, but underground they remain interconnected and are all clones of the same plant. However, it is not always easy to recognize a clonal colony especially if it spreads underground and is also sexually reproducing.
1934 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1934 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 25th staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 18 November 1934 at the Athletic Grounds in Bandon, between Bantry Blues and St Nicholas', in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Bantry Blues won the match by 1–01 to 0–03 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 22 years.

1912 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1912 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played on 20 October 1912 at the Town Park in Clonakilty, between Bantry Blues and CYMS, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Bantry Blues won the match by 0–01 to 0–00 to claim their first ever championship title.
Floyd Crosby
Floyd Delafield Crosby, ASC (December 12, 1899 – September 30, 1985) was an American cinematographer. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 1931 for Tabu: A Story of the South Seas, his debut film, before going on to shoot over 120 productions in a career spanning over 40 years. Beginning in the 1950s, he was the regular cinematographer for Roger Corman, totaling 21 films together. He also worked with directors like Fred Zinnemann, John Sturges, and Buzz Kulik.

Crosby was the father of singer-songwriter David Crosby.

John Sturges
John Eliot Sturges (/ˈstɜːrdʒɪs/; January 3, 1910 – August 18, 1992) was an American film director. His films include Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Magnificent Seven (1960), The Great Escape (1963), and Ice Station Zebra (1968). In 2013 and 2018, respectively, The Magnificent Seven and Bad Day at Black Rock were selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
NGC 2804
NGC 2804 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Cancer. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 8580 ± 20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 	126.55 ± 8.86 Mpc (~413 million light-years). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 24 February 1827. This galaxy was also observed by the French astronomer Stéphane Javelle on 9 April 1896, and was later added to the Index Catalogue as IC 2455.

According to the SIMBAD database, NGC 2804 is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 2804: SN 2023ftr (Type Ia, mag. 18.51) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 16 April 2023.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Misoscale meteorology
Misoscale is an unofficial scale of meteorological phenomena that ranges in size from 40 metres (100 ft) to about 4 kilometres (2 mi). This scale was proposed by Ted Fujita, the founder of the Fujita scale, to classify phenomenon of the order of the rotation within a thunderstorm, the scale of the funnel cloud or a tornado, and the size of the swath of destruction of a microburst. It is a subdivision of the microscale.

Funnel cloud
A funnel cloud is a funnel-shaped cloud of condensed water droplets, associated with a rotating column of wind and extending from the base of a cloud (usually a cumulonimbus or towering cumulus cloud) but not reaching the ground or a water surface. A funnel cloud is usually visible as a cone-shaped or needle like protuberance from the main cloud base. Funnel clouds form most frequently in association with supercell thunderstorms, and are often, but not always, a visual precursor to tornadoes. Funnel clouds are visual phenomena, but these are not the vortex of wind itself.
Richard J. Ferris
Richard Jesse Ferris (August 31, 1936 – January 16, 2022) was an American business executive who was the CEO of UAL Corporation, the former holding company of United Airlines, and was later the co-owner of the Pebble Beach Golf Links in Monterey County, California. During his time as the CEO of UAL Corporation, he helped restructure the company into a travel industry conglomerate called the Allegis Corporation, which combined the assets of United Airlines, The Hertz Corporation, Westin Hotels, Hilton International, and the Apollo Reservation System.

Takeover
In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer or bidder). In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a public company whose shares are publicly listed, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

Management of the target company may or may not agree with a proposed takeover, and this has resulted in the following takeover classifications: friendly, hostile, reverse or back-flip. Financing a takeover often involves loans or bond issues which may include junk bonds as well as a simple cash offer. It can also include shares in the new company.
Korea TESOL
Korea TESOL (KOTESOL, Korean: 대한영어교육학회) is the largest multicultural English teachers association in South Korea, organized as a nonprofit scholarly/professional society under the National Research Foundation of Korea and local tax laws since 1993 (initially formed in 1992).

National Research Foundation of Korea
The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF; Korean: 한국연구재단) is a research institute for Korean studies.

It was established in 2009 through a merger between the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF; 한국과학재단), Korea Research Foundation (KRF; 한국학술진흥재단; established in 1981), and Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS; 국제과학기술협력재단).

Its offices are located in 25 Heolleung-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul and 201 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon.
Gerd-e Siah (2)
Gerd-e Siah (Persian: گردسياه, also Romanized as Gerd-e Sīāh) is a village in Fin Rural District, Fin District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 5 families.

Fin Rural District
Fin Rural District (Persian: دهستان فین) is in Fin District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Fin. The rural district is home to the centuries-old Fin Castle.
Barsinghausen
Barsinghausen (German pronunciation: [ˌbaʁzɪŋˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the Deister chain of hills approx. 20 km west of Hanover. Barsinghausen belongs to the historic landscape Calenberg Land and was first mentioned in 1193.

Hanover Region
Hanover Region (German: Region Hannover) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Heidekreis, Celle, Gifhorn, Peine, Hildesheim, Hameln-Pyrmont, Schaumburg and Nienburg.

The Hanover Region district has a unique legal status among the districts of Lower Saxony. It includes the city of Hanover (the state capital) which has the same privileges as a kreisfreie Stadt, a city that is not part of a district. As a consequence, the district is much larger in population than any other district of the state. Its administrative body is the regional parliament (Regionsparlament), headed by the regional president (Regionspräsident), which since 2021 is Steffen Krach (SPD). The members of the regional parliament are elected once every five years and the regional president is elected also every five years in local elections.
Dirty Beasts
Dirty Beasts is a 1983 collection of Roald Dahl poems about unsuspecting animals. Intended to be a follow-up to Revolting Rhymes, the original Jonathan Cape edition was illustrated by Rosemary Fawcett. In 1984, a revised edition was published with illustrations by Quentin Blake.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Spacefiller
In Conway's Game of Life and related cellular automata, a spacefiller is a pattern that spreads out indefinitely, eventually filling the entire space with a still life pattern. It typically consists of three components: stretchers that resemble spaceships at the four corners of the pattern, a growing boundary region along the edges of the pattern, and the still life in the interior pattern.

It resembles a breeder in that both types of patterns have a quadratic growth rate in their numbers of live cells, and in both having a three-component architecture. However, in a breeder the moving part of the breeder (corresponding to the stretcher) leaves behind a fixed sequence of glider guns which fill space with gliders, moving objects (gliders or spaceships) rather than still life patterns. With a spacefiller, unlike a breeder, every point in the space eventually becomes part of the space-filling still life pattern.

Glider (Conway's Game of Life)
The glider is a pattern that travels across the board in Conway's Game of Life. It was first discovered by Richard K. Guy in 1969, while John Conway's group was attempting to track the evolution of the R-pentomino. Gliders are the smallest spaceships, and they travel diagonally at a speed of one cell every four generations, or . The glider is often produced from randomly generated starting configurations.

The name comes from the fact that, after two steps, the glider pattern repeats its configuration with a glide reflection symmetry. After four steps and two glide reflections, it returns to its original orientation. John Conway remarked that he wished he hadn't called it the glider. The game was developed before the widespread use of interactive computers, and after seeing it animated, he feels the glider looks more like an ant walking across the plane.
Neighborite
Neighborite is a mineral composed of a double fluoride salt of sodium and magnesium. It was initially recognized as pink and brown masses of round grains in the Green River Formation South of Ouray, Utah. Originally found in dark dolomitic oil shales, neighborite typically forms as subrounded or octahedral crystals. Neighborite received its name from Frank Neighbor, a geologist for the Sun Oil Co. based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Due to Mr. Neighbor's work in discovering neighborite, along with other newly discovered minerals to the Green River Formation, the mineral was named after him. Neighborite is in the family of perovskite crystal structure minerals, possessing a general formula of ABX3.

Perovskite
Perovskite (pronunciation: /pəˈrɒvskaɪt/) is an orthorhombic calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3 for chalcogen (group 16) perovskites, or A1+B2+(X1−)3 for the halogen (group 17) perovskites (the kind typically found in modern photovoltaics like photodiodes and solar panels). Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.
IDGAFOS
"IDGAFOS" (an acronym for "I Don't Give a Fuck or Shit") is the debut single by American record producer Dillon Francis, released on October 18, 2011 through Mad Decent. It contains a heavily distorted sample of Adam Levine's vocals from "Stereo Hearts" by Gym Class Heroes (which Francis had previously released an official remix for). The song marked the start of Francis' breakthrough, topping Hype Machine's "Most Popular Tracks" chart. It was featured on the fifth episode of Avicii's Levels podcast.

Stereo Hearts
"Stereo Hearts" is a song by American rap rock group Gym Class Heroes featuring Maroon 5 frontman Adam Levine. The song was released on June 14, 2011, as the lead single from the group's fifth studio album The Papercut Chronicles II (2011). The song topped the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 and also reached number four on the Hot 100.