hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gupwell Pond
Gupwell Pond (77°33′26″S 160°54′33″E﻿ / ﻿77.55722°S 160.90917°E﻿ / -77.55722; 160.90917) is a pond 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) south of midmost Hoffman Ledge in the Labyrinth of Wright Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2004) after J.H. Gupwell, a drilling supervisor with the New Zealand drilling team during the McMurdo Dry Valleys Drilling Project, 1973–76.

Wright Valley
The Wright Valley (77°31′S 161°50′E﻿ / ﻿77.517°S 161.833°E﻿ / -77.517; 161.833﻿ (Wright Valley)) is a large east–west trending valley, formerly occupied by a glacier but now ice free except for Wright Upper Glacier at its head and Wright Lower Glacier at its mouth, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
It was named by the VUWAE (1958-59) for Sir Charles Wright, for whom the BrAE (1910-13) named the glacier at the mouth of this valley.

The Wright Valley is the central one of the three large McMurdo Dry Valleys in the Transantarctic Mountains, located west of McMurdo Sound.  
Wright Valley contains the Onyx River, the longest river in Antarctica, Lake Brownworth, the origin of the Onyx River, and Lake Vanda, which is fed by the Onyx River. Its southwestern branch, South Fork, is the location of Don Juan Pond.  The upland area known as the Labyrinth is at the valley's west end.
Prepositional pronoun
A prepositional pronoun is a special form of a personal pronoun that is used as the object of a preposition.

English does not have a distinct grammatical case that relates solely to prepositional pronouns. Certain genitive pronouns  (e.g. a friend of hers; that dog of yours is as friendly as mine) both complement prepositions and also may function as subjects. Additionally, object pronouns (e.g. watch him; look at him) may complement either prepositions or transitive verbs. In some other languages, a special set of pronouns is required in prepositional contexts (although the individual pronouns in this set may also be found in other contexts).

Object pronoun
In linguistics, an object pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used typically as a grammatical object: the direct or indirect object of a verb, or the object of a preposition. Object pronouns contrast with subject pronouns. Object pronouns in English take the objective case, sometimes called the oblique case or object case.
For example, the English object pronoun me is found in "They see me" (direct object), "He's giving me my book" (indirect object), and "Sit with me" (object of a preposition); this contrasts with the subject pronoun in "I see them," "I am getting my book," and "I am sitting here."
Myer Lyon
Myer Lyon (c. 1750, Germany – 1797, Kingston, Jamaica), better known by his stage name Michael Leoni, was a hazzan at the Great Synagogue of London who achieved fame as a tenor opera singer in London and Dublin, and as the mentor of the singer John Braham.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Bexhövede
Bexhövede is a village in the Cuxhaven district of Lower Saxony, Germany which was incorporated into the municipality of Loxstedt in 1974.  It is well known for being the origin of the noble Buxhoeveden family.

Its population as of the 2011 census is 2,100 residents.

Cuxhaven (district)
Cuxhaven is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Stade, Rotenburg, Osterholz and Wesermarsch, the city of Bremerhaven and the North Sea.
2024 Women's European U-19 Water Polo Championship
The 2024 Women's European U-19 Water Polo Championship was the 15th edition of the Women's European U-19 Water Polo Championship. The tournament was played in Zagreb, Croatia from 24 to 31 August 2024. Spain were the two-time defending champions and successfully defended their title with a win over Hungary in the final.

European Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championship
The European Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championship, previously known as the LEN European U19 Water Polo Championship, is a continental water polo tournament held every two years for the players under the age of 20. It was launched by LEN in 1970 for men and in 1994 for women. With the 2026 competition, the age category was changed from U19 to U20.
Popular Movement for National Liberation
The Popular Movement for National Liberation (Spanish: Movimiento Popular de Liberación Nacional, MPLN) was a left-wing political party in Bolivia. In 1972, Ramiro Velasco Romero split from the Revolutionary Left Movement and founded the Popular Movement for National Liberation.

In 1978 the political party took out a pamphlet where they explain its origin, where they talk about its influence from the Ñancahuazú Guerrilla, the Foquismo, and the social and political crisis lived in Bolivia..In 1978, 1979, and 1980 the MPLN took part in an electoral coalition Democratic and Popular Union backing Hernán Siles Zuazo.

In 1983, the Popular Movement for National Liberation merged with the Socialist Party-One.

The Socialist Party-One presented Ramiro Velasco Romero as its presidential candidate in 1985 and 1993.

Democratic and Popular Unity
Democratic and Popular Unity (Spanish: Unidad Democrática y Popular) was a Bolivian umbrella political alliance. It existed from 1977 to 1984. It was formed in 1977 by former president Hernán Siles Zuazo and consisted chiefly of Siles' Movimiento Nationalista Revolutionario de Izquierda (Leftwing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), a spin-off of the Moviminento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), and Jaime Paz Zamora's Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Left Movement). The coalition emerged as a major political force and gained support with Bolivian voters in the late 1970s, due to public dissatisfaction with the military dictatorships that had ruled Bolivia since 1964.
Lulworthiaceae
The Lulworthiaceae are a family of marine fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. Species in the family have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical oceans, and are typically found growing on submerged wood or on seaweed. In 2000, Molecular analysis of several species of Lulworthia and Lindra led to the reassignment of their parent genera to the new order Lulworthiales in addition to the new family Lulworthiaceae. In 2020, a large fungi study added more genera to the family.

Lulworthiales
Lulworthiales is a monotypic order of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes and also subclass Lulworthiomycetidae.

The order Lulworthiales, with its sole family Lulworthiaceae, consists of strictly marine fungal genera found on a wide range of substrates such as seagrasses (including Posidonia oceanica), seaweeds, and seafoam. Order Lulworthiales was introduced on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses built upon LSU and SSU partial sequences to accommodate the polyphyletic genera Lulworthia and Lindra.

Members of this family (and order) are well-known cellulase producers and can break down complex lignocellulose compounds, thus contributing to the recycling of nutrients. Morphologically, they are characterized by ascomata which is subglobose to cylindrical, 8-spored asci, cylindrical to fusiform and filamentous ascospores with end chambers filled with mucus (the latter character is missing in Lindra).
Soeroso
Raden Panji Soeroso (EYD: Suroso; 3 November 1893 – 16 May 1981) was an Indonesian politician and labor union activist. He served in various positions throughout his career, including as the first governor of Central Java and a minister in several cabinets. He was also the leader of the Persatuan Vakbond Pegawei Negeri union federation and was active in the Parindra political party during the colonial period. He was also a member of the BPUPK and PPKI committees. He also founded the Civil Servants Cooperative Republic of Indonesia. In 1986, he was made a national hero by presidential decree. He died in Indonesia.

Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, abbreviated as PPKI; Japanese: 独立準備委員会, Hepburn: Dokuritsu Junbi Īnkai) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the occupying Japanese to Indonesia. It approved and promulgated the first Constitution of Indonesia, and appointed Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as the first president and vice president of Indonesia, respectively.
Felicity (pragmatics)
In linguistics and philosophy of language, an utterance is felicitous if it is pragmatically well-formed. An utterance can be infelicitous because it is self-contradictory, trivial, irrelevant, or because it is somehow inappropriate for the context of utterance. Researchers in semantics and pragmatics use felicity judgments much as syntacticians use grammaticality judgments. An infelicitous sentence is marked with the pound sign.

The terms felicitous and infelicitous were first proposed by J. L. Austin as part of his theory of speech acts. In his thinking, a performative utterance is neither true nor false, but can instead be deemed felicitous or infelicitous according to a set of conditions whose interpretation differs depending on whether the utterance in question is a declaration ("I sentence you to death"), a request ("I ask that you stop doing that") or a warning ("I warn you not to jump off the roof").

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Washington Luís
Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈwɔʃĩtõ luˈis peˈɾejɾɐ dʒi ˈsowzɐ]; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 13th president of Brazil. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís belonged to the Republican Party of São Paulo (PRP) and served as the last president of the First Brazilian Republic.

Facing the crisis generated by the Great Depression in the United States, the president lost almost all his support. He selected his friend Júlio Prestes as his successor in 1930, but just three weeks before the end of his term, Luís was overthrown in a coup d'état during the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 and was succeeded as president by the short-lived Brazilian Military Junta in the last few months of 1930.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Princess Beatrice of Bourbon-Parma (1879–1946)
Princess Beatrice of Bourbon-Parma (9 January 1879 – 11 March 1946) was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma. She was the daughter of Robert I, Duke of Parma and his first wife, Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies.

House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is an Italian cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons, as the founder Philip, Duke of Parma who was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, married Louise Élisabeth of France, getting the house of Bourbon, and the state of Parma, together.
The House of Bourbon-Parma is today the Sovereign House of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (agnatically) and all members of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg are members of the House of Bourbon-Parma with the title of "Princes/Princesses" and the predicate of Royal Highness.
Friends Meetinghouse (Wilmington, Delaware)
Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker meeting house at 4th and West Streets in Wilmington, Delaware in the Quaker Hill neighborhood. The meeting has a membership of about 400 and is part of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. It was built in 1815–1817 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Quaker Hill Historic District (Wilmington, Delaware)
The Quaker Hill Historic District  is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It encompasses 151 contributing buildings in a residential neighborhood west of the central business district of Wilmington. The district includes 19th-century residential structures of all classes, along with several 19th-and 20th-century commercial structures.  The predominant structures are three-story rowhouse dwellings in a variety of popular styles including Second Empire, Italianate, and Gothic Revival.  Notable non-residential buildings include the Quaker Meetinghouse and Cemetery, St. Peter's Cathedral and Rectory (1816), Union Methodist Church, and New Mount Bethel Baptist Church

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with a boundary increase in 1985.
Koine Greek phonology
The Greek language underwent pronunciation changes during the Koine Greek period, from about 300 BC to 400 AD. At the beginning of the period, the pronunciation was close to Classical Greek, while at the end it was almost identical to Modern Greek.

Vowel length distinctions are important for classical poetry and drama, but become less important for prose into the patristic age.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Sutherlands, South Australia
Sutherlands is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) east of Eudunda and 125 kilometres (78 miles) north-east of Adelaide in the Regional Council of Goyder.

Sutherlands railway station was a stop on the Morgan railway line from 1878 until 1969. All track and infrastructure has been removed.

As recorded in the 2021 Australian census, Sutherlands is a small community that had a population of 33 in that year. The gender distribution was equal. The median age of the residents was 52, and there were 12 families living in the area. The census reported a total of 26 private dwellings, with an average of 2.2 people per household. The median weekly household income was $900, and the median monthly mortgage repayments $774. Renters in Sutherlands paid a median weekly rent of $150. The township had an average of 2.5 motor vehicles per dwelling.

Eudunda
Eudunda is a town in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated 111 kilometres (69 miles) north-east of Adelaide in the jurisdiction of the Regional Council of Goyder. As of 2021, Eudunda had a population of 815 people. Eudunda is renowned as the birthplace of author and educator Colin Thiele.
Interictal dysphoric disorder
Interictal dysphoric disorder (IDD) is a mood disorder sometimes found in patients with epilepsy, at a prevalence rate of approximately 17%. The most common symptom of IDD is intermittent dysphoric mood in between seizures. Interictal dysphoric disorder can often be treated with a combination of antidepressant and anticonvulsant medication. Its existence as a diagnostic entity is not totally established, and IDD is not included in the DSM-5.

Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek  δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from  δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult' and  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the semantic opposite of euphoria. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation.
Cephalotes complanatus
Cephalotes complanatus is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head, and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

It was first identified and classified by the French entomologist Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, in 1844.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Bembecia albanensis
Bembecia albanensis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found from most of Europe (except Ireland, Fennoscandia, the Benelux, Portugal, Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic region) to Asia Minor and the Black Sea. It is also found in North Africa.

The wingspan is 14–23 millimetres (0.55–0.91 in).

The larvae feed on Ononis species (including Ononis spinosa, Ononis arvensis, Ononis hircina and Ononis repens) and Psoralea bituminosa. The larvae of ssp. tunetana have been recorded feeding on Hedysarum coronarium.

Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.

The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.: Backcover, 6
Little Island (California)
Little Island is a partially submerged marsh island in the Napa Slough, branching off from the Napa River upstream of San Pablo Bay (an embayment of San Francisco Bay). It is almost entirely in Napa County, California, although part of its southern tip is in Solano County; it is managed as part of the Napa-Sonoma Marshes Wildlife Area. Its coordinates are 38°10′48″N 122°21′05″W﻿ / ﻿38.18000°N 122.35139°W﻿ / 38.18000; -122.35139﻿ (Little Island), and the United States Geological Survey measured its elevation as 3 ft (0.91 m) in 1981.

San Pablo Bay
San Pablo Bay is a tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of the San Francisco Bay in the East Bay and North Bay regions of the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California.

Most of the Bay is shallow; however, there is a deep water channel approximately in the middle of the bay, which allows access to major ports in Sacramento, Stockton, Benicia, and Martinez; and other smaller ports on the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta.
Woodland Fort
Woodland (or Woodlands) Fort is a Royal Commission Fort built in the 1860s as part of Lord Palmerston's ring of land defences for Plymouth, England. Currently owned by Plymouth City Council, the site is in use but largely derelict.

Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom
The Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom was a committee formed in 1859 to enquire into the ability of the United Kingdom to defend itself against an attempted invasion by a foreign power, and to advise the British Government on the remedial action required. The appointment of the Commission had been prompted by public concern about the growing military and naval power of the French Empire and was instigated by the Prime Minister, Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, who came to be closely associated with the project. In the following year, the Commission's report recommended a huge programme of fortification to defend the country's arsenals and naval bases. Many of the recommendations were acted upon; however, the great expense, the length of time taken to complete the various works and their perceived usefulness were all subjects of critical political, press and public debate.
Marketing automation in email campaigns
Marketing automation in email campaigns refers to a numerous methods implemented in marketing for segmenting, targeting, scheduling, automating, and tracking of marketing messages. This can be for any marketing channel, but is popular among email and SMS channels.

Marketing automation
Marketing automation refers to software platforms and technologies designed for marketing departments and organizations to automate repetitive tasks and consolidate multi-channel (email, SMS, chatbot, and social media) interactions, tracking and web analytics, lead scoring, campaign management and reporting into one system. It often integrates with customer relationship management (CRM) and customer data platform (CDP) software.
1773 English cricket season
In the 1773 English cricket season, there was a downturn in the fortunes of the Hambledon Club as their Hampshire team lost every match they are known to have played, and some of their defeats were heavy. Their poor results owed much to star bowler Thomas Brett having been injured. Three other county teams were active: Kent, Middlesex and Surrey. Teams called England took part in five matches, all against Hampshire, and won all five.

William Yalden was one of the season's leading wicket-keepers and he also equalled Richard Newland's record for the highest individual innings in a senior match when he scored 88 for Surrey against Hampshire in September. Based on surviving scorecard data, the highest runscorers of the whole season were Thomas White (Surrey), Joseph Miller (Kent) and Will Palmer (Surrey). Lumpy Stevens of Surrey was the leading bowler with 18 wickets.

Joseph Miller (cricketer)
Joseph Miller (died October 1784) was a noted English cricketer who is generally recognised as one of the greatest batsmen of the 18th century. He is mostly associated with Kent but also made appearances for England and Surrey. First recorded in the 1769 season, Miller made 65 known appearances (including single wicket) from then to 1783. He was unquestionably an outstanding batsman and perhaps second only to John Small in the 18th century.