hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tropical Park Oaks
The Tropical Park Oaks is an American Thoroughbred horse race in Florida formerly run on New Year's Day. Formerly run at Calder Race Course in Miami Gardens, Florida, the event moved to Gulfstream Park after Calder closed in 2020. The one and one sixteenth mile ungraded stakes turf event for 3-year-old fillies offers a purse of $125,000 added.

The race is named for the old Tropical Park Race Track.

Gulfstream Park
Gulfstream Park  is a Thoroughbred horse race track, casino and outdoor entertainment and shopping destination in Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States. It is among the most important venues for horse racing in the United States, and is open 365 days a year.

The venue is owned by The Stronach Group. Thoroughbred horse racing occurs year-round, defined by three distinct race meets and one invitational:

Championship Meet (December - March)

Pegasus World Cup

Royal Palm Meet (April - September)

Flamingo Festival Meet (October - November)
Ahmad Eghtedari
Ahmad Eghtedari (Persian: احمد اقتداری‎; 24 May 1925, Gerash, Iran – 16 April 2019, Tehran) was an Iranian teacher, lawyer, writer, historian and geographer who was regarded as a prominent scholar in Persian Gulf studies. Historically, he was a descendant of Gerashi thanes (Khan in Persian). In his youth, he traveled on foot along the coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and began mapping and documenting their topography.

Jalal Ale Ahmad, the famous writer, described the friendship between Ahmad Eghtedari, Iraj Afshar and Manuchehr Sotudeh as "three musketeers" and "gravestone-graphers", alluding to the fact that these three managed to introduce a lot of Iran's historical documents and ancient monuments.

The Pearl of The Persian Gulf is a book that documents his Iranian Studies researches, and the documentary film, To Iran, My Eternal, is made based on his life and works.

Ahmad Eghtedari died on 16 April 2019 in Tehran.

Manouchehr Sotoudeh
Manouchehr Sotoudeh (Persian: منوچهر ستوده, 19 July 1913 – 8 April 2016) was an Iranian geographer and scholar of Persian literature who was famously known for his studies on Iranian languages and ethnic groups. Sotudeh earned his Ph.D. from the University of Tehran after studying Persian language and literature.

He wrote 60 books and nearly 300 articles. He was the first Iranian who published the first dialectal dictionary. He was also a professor at the University of Tehran.

One of the master's most notable works is From Astara to Astarabad, which explores the fascinating blend of the history of the northern portion of Iran. His other contributions include editing the volumes on the history of Gilan and creating the Gilaki, Semnani, and Kermani dictionaries.

Professor Manouchehr Sotoudeh died at the age of 103 in April 2016.
Pirate Harbour, Nova Scotia
Pirate Harbour is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County. The community is located just south of Mulgrave, on the west side of the Strait of Canso. The Mi'kmaq name for the place was Tesogwode, "the place where goods were sorted." The name Pirate Harbour was allegedly given because the space between the small island and the cove provided safe anchorage and a hiding place for pirates such as Captain Kidd and Paul Jones.  A settlement was established in 1785, and early settlers included John Wilson and John Peeples, who each received a thousand-acre grant there in 1785.

Mulgrave, Nova Scotia
Mulgrave is an incorporated town on the Strait of Canso in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Located along the Marine Drive, Route 344 traverses the community. The town's current name was adopted in 1859 to honour the colonial Lieutenant Governor, the Earl of Mulgrave. Lying opposite to the town of Port Hawkesbury, the community is located along the western shore of the Canso Strait. It was established as McNair's Cove in the early 19th century, and the name Port Mulgrave was adopted in 1859, later shortening to its current form. The early industry of the community relied on ferry service between the Nova Scotia mainland and Cape Breton Island. Ferry service began in the 1810s and rail service reached the area in the 1880s. The ferry services lasted until the opening of the Canso Causeway in 1955, dealing a major blow to the local economy. As of 2021, Mulgrave has a population of 627 and a population density of 35.2/km2 (91.1/sq mi), within an area of 17.83 km2 (6.88 sq mi).
Acura TL
The Acura TL is an entry-level luxury sedan that was manufactured by Acura, the luxury division of Honda. It was introduced in 1995 for the 1996 model year, to replace the Acura Vigor and was badged for the Japanese market from 1996 to 2000 as the Honda Inspire and from 1996 to 2004 as the Honda Saber. The TL was Acura's best-selling model until it was outsold by the MDX in 2007. In 2005, it ranked as the second best-selling luxury sedan in the United States behind the BMW 3 Series, but sales decreased after the 2008 model year. Four generations of the Acura TL were produced, with the final generation premiering in 2008 for the 2009 model year, and ending production in 2014, when it was replaced together with the TSX by the TLX.

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and Highway Loss Data Institute (IIHS-HLDI) is an American nonprofit organization. It was established in 1959, and it is noted for its safety reviews of vehicles in various crash tests, including the effectiveness of a vehicle's structural integrity and safety systems during a collision, in addition to examining improvement on such elements.

IIHS releases an annual list of the safest vehicles, which includes list of 'Top Safety Picks' as well as a "Top Safety Picks+'.
Ambition (Wale album)
Ambition is the second studio album by American rapper Wale. It was released on November 1, 2011, by Allido Records, Maybach Music Group and Warner Bros. Records. This serves as the follow-up to his debut album, Attention Deficit, which was released in 2009. The production on the album was handled by multiple producers including Lex Luger, T-Minus, Tha Bizness, DJ Toomp and Diplo among others. The album also features guest appearances from Rick Ross, Lloyd, Ne-Yo, Big Sean, Miguel, Meek Mill, Kid Cudi, and Jeremih.

Ambition was supported by six official singles: "That Way", "Chain Music", "Bait", Lotus Flower Bomb", "Focused" and "Sabotage". The album was also a commercial and critical success, receiving generally positive reviews from music critics. It debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 164,000 copies in its first week. In February 2016, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Attention Deficit (album)
Attention Deficit is the debut studio album by American rapper Wale. It was released on November 10, 2009, by Allido Records and Interscope Records. The production on the album was handled by multiple producers including Mark Ronson, Cool & Dre, the Neptunes, J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League and  David Sitek among others. The album also features guest appearances by Lady Gaga, Gucci Mane, J. Cole, Pharrell Williams and Jazmine Sullivan among others.

Attention Deficit was supported by three singles: "Chillin", "World Tour" and "Pretty Girls". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics and received moderate commercial success. It debuted at number 21 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 28,000 copies in its first week.
Aleksandr Ernepesov
Aleksandr Ernepesov (born 27 February 1995) is a Turkmen tennis player.

Ernepesov hasn't a career high ATP singles ranking yet.

Ernepesov has represented Turkmenistan at Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 21–18.

He played at the 2014 Asian Games on singles he lost in the 2nd round against the late winner Yoshihito Nishioka, in doubles with Georgiý Poçaý lost in the 2nd round against Gong Maoxin-Li Zhe Chinese duo.

Yoshihito Nishioka
Yoshihito Nishioka (西岡 良仁, Nishioka Yoshihito; born 27 September 1995) is a Japanese professional tennis player. He has won three ATP Tour singles titles and achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 24 on 19 June 2023.
He is currently the No. 2 Japanese player.
Tayuman station (LRT)
Tayuman station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system in Manila, Philippines. The station serves Santa Cruz and is situated at the intersection of Rizal Avenue and Tayuman Street and is named after the latter.

Tayuman station serves as the eighth station for LRT-1 trains headed to Dr. Santos, the eighteenth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr., and is one of the five LRT-1 stations serving Santa Cruz district, the others being Blumentritt, Bambang, Doroteo Jose, and Carriedo.

Dr. Santos station
Dr. Santos station, also known as Sucat station or Dr. Santos Avenue station, is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system in Parañaque. The station is part of Phase 1 of the Line 1 Cavite Extension Project, which opened to the public on November 16, 2024. It is situated in between Dr. Santos Avenue, CAVITEX–C-5 Link, and C-5 Extension, a few hundred meters behind SM City Sucat. The station is named after Dr. Santos Avenue and, in turn, Arcadio Santos, a former governor of Rizal who was a native of the present-day city that was part of the province. It is the current southern terminus of the line, pending the opening of the extension's Phase 2 towards Niog in Bacoor expected in 2031.

The station is one of the five LRT-1 stations in Parañaque; the others are Redemptorist–Aseana, MIA Road, PITX, and Ninoy Aquino Avenue.
Technological history of the Roman military
The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The rise of Hellenism and the Roman Republic are generally seen as signalling the end of the Iron Age in the Mediterranean. Roman iron-working was enhanced by a process known as carburization. The Romans used the better properties in their armaments, and the 1,300 years of Roman military technology saw radical changes. The Roman armies of the early empire were much better equipped than early republican armies. Metals used for arms and armor primarily included iron, bronze, and brass. For construction, the army used wood, earth, and stone. The later use of concrete in architecture was widely mirrored in Roman military technology, especially in the application of a military workforce to civilian construction projects.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is one of the two major political parties in India and has been the ruling party since the 16th Lok Sabha. It successfully sought re-election in the 2024 parliamentary election as the leading party of the National Democratic Alliance, with Narendra Modi as its Prime Ministerial candidate.

J. P. Nadda
Jagat Prakash Nadda (born 2 December 1960) is an Indian lawyer and politician who is serving as the 34th Minister of Health, 25th Minister of  Chemicals and Fertilizers since 2024 and served as the 10th national president of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2020 to 2026. He is also the member of the Rajya Sabha representing Gujarat since 2024. A key decision maker of the BJP, he is a close aide to Narendra Modi. He was the BJP's national working president from 2019 to 2020. Nadda was also the Minister of Health and Family Welfare in the first Modi ministry from 2014 to 2019 and Parliamentary Board Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party.

Previously, he was an MLA from Bilaspur from 2007 to 2012 and from 1993 to 2003 and Minister of Forest, Environment, Science, and Technology from 2007 to 2012 and the Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs from 1998 to 2003 in the Himachal Pradesh Government.
Lion Throne of Burma
The Lion Throne (also known as Sihasana or Thihathana Palin; Burmese: သီဟသနပလ္လင်, derived from Sanskrit: सिंहासन, romanized: siṃhāsana, lit. 'lion's seat, throne') is one of the eight imperial thrones used by the Burmese monarchs. Seven of them were destroyed by fire during the allied bombing during World War II, but the Lion Throne, the most significant of all, and an imperial symbol, was saved because the throne was transported to India in 1885 after the Third Anglo-Burmese War and remained there for more than 62 years until it was retrieved back to Myanmar in 1948.

Thibaw Min
Thibaw Min, also Thebaw (Burmese: သီပေါ‌မင်း, pronounced [θìbɔ́ mɪ́ɰ̃]; 1 January 1859 – 16 December 1916), was the last king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and also the last Burmese monarch in the country's history. His reign ended when the Royal Burmese armed forces were defeated by the forces of the British Empire in the Third Anglo-Burmese War, on 29 November 1885, prior to its official annexation on 1 January 1886.
1859 Chilean revolution
The Chilean Revolution of 1859 was the second attempt by the Chilean Liberals to overthrow their country's Conservative government. Like the first attempt in 1851, it ended in failure. 5,000 people were killed during the fighting.

1851 Chilean revolution
The Revolution of 1851 was an attempt by Chilean liberals to overthrow the conservative government of president Manuel Montt and repeal the Chilean Constitution of 1833. After various battles and sieges, by late December 1851 government forces had subdued the revolutionaries.
Ignacia Sáenz y Ulloa
Ignacia Sáenz y Ulloa (July 31, 1800 – February 18, 1873) was the First Lady of Costa Rica from 1822 to 1823 and from 1833 to 1835, and the wife of José Rafael Gallegos Alvarado, Costa Rica's Head of State for two separate terms.

First ladies and gentlemen of Costa Rica
First Lady or First Gentleman of Costa Rica (Spanish: Primera dama o Primer caballero de Costa Rica) is the title of the wife or husband of the president of Costa Rica. Traditionally, the president's wife was colloquially known as la presidenta ("the president", with a feminine -a ending). The current term was first used under Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados.
Homeland Security Group
Homeland Security Group (previously named Office for Security and Counter Terrorism) is an executive directorate of the UK government Home Office, created in 2007, responsible for leading the work on counterterrorism in the UK, working closely with the police and security services. The office reports to the Home Secretary, and to the Minister of State for Security. Its current Director General is Chloe Squires, who is the senior government official responsible for counter-terrorist and organised crime strategy.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23) (RIP or RIPA) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, regulating the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communications. It was introduced by the Tony Blair Labour government ostensibly  to take account of technological change such as the growth of the Internet and strong encryption.

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 9 February 2000 and completed its parliamentary passage on 26 July.

Following a public consultation and Parliamentary debate, Parliament approved new additions in December 2003, April 2005, July 2006 and February 2010. A draft bill was put before Parliament during 4 November 2015.
Lagrangian ocean analysis
Lagrangian ocean analysis is a way of analysing ocean dynamics by computing the trajectories of virtual fluid particles, following the Lagrangian perspective of fluid flow, from a specified velocity field. Often, the Eulerian velocity field used as an input for Lagrangian ocean analysis has been computed using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). Lagrangian techniques can be employed on a range of scales, from modelling the dispersal of biological matter within the Great Barrier Reef to global scales. Lagrangian ocean analysis has numerous applications, from modelling the diffusion of tracers, through the dispersal of aircraft debris and plastics, to determining the biological connectivity of ocean regions.

Ocean general circulation model
Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are a particular kind of general circulation model to describe physical and thermodynamical processes in oceans. The oceanic general circulation is defined as the horizontal space scale and time scale larger than mesoscale (of order 100 km and 6 months). They depict oceans using a three-dimensional grid that include active thermodynamics and hence are most directly applicable to climate studies. They are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global ocean system to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. A hierarchy of OGCMs have been developed that include varying degrees of spatial coverage, resolution, geographical realism, process detail, etc.
All Saints' Church, Grayswood
All Saints' Church is an active parish church in the village of Grayswood, Surrey, England. The church stands in the centre of the village and was built between 1900 and 1902. Designed by the Swedish artist Axel Haig, who lived in the village and is buried in the graveyard, the church is a Grade II listed building.

Ian Nairn
Ian Douglas Nairn (24 August 1930 – 14 August 1983) was a British architectural critic who coined the word "Subtopia" to describe drab suburb that look identical through unimaginative urban planning. He published two strongly personalised critiques of London and Paris, and collaborated with Nikolaus Pevsner, who considered his reports to be too subjective but acknowledged him as a better writer.
Cleidion
Cleidion is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described in 1826. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera  (Acalypha, Acidoton, Adenophaedra, Alchornea, Bocquillonia, Cleidiocarpon, Conceveiba, Macaranga, Orfilea, Plukenetia, Trigonostemon)

Orfilea
Orfilea is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1858. It is native to Madagascar and other islands in the Indian Ocean.

Species

Orfilea ankafinensis (Baill.) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts - W Madagascar

Orfilea coriacea Baill. - Comoros, Madagascar

Orfilea multispicata (Baill.) G.L.Webster - Madagascar

Orfilea neraudiana (Baill.) G.L.Webster - Mauritius
2010 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship
The 2010 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship was held Nov. 14–21, 2009 at the Burlington Golf and Country Club in Burlington, Ontario.  Nova Scotia won its seventh Mixed title, and skip Mark Dacey won his second title with then-wife, Heather Smith-Dacey as his mate who won her third. The team's front end of Andrew Gibson and Jill Mouzar won their first mixed title.

Dacey and Smith-Dacey were scheduled to represent Canada at the 2010 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, but were not able to make it to the event due to the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull.

Burlington, Ontario
Burlington is a city at the west end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. Part of Halton Region, it borders Hamilton to the south, Milton to the northwest, and Oakville to the northeast. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the Hamilton census metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe urban region. Burlington was founded in 1874, and gained city status in 1974. With a population of 186,948 as of 2021, Burlington is the twenty-eighth-most populous municipality in Canada.
Currency Symbols (Unicode block)
Currency Symbols is a Unicode block containing characters for representing unique monetary signs. Many currency signs can be found in other Unicode blocks, especially when the currency symbol is unique to a country that uses a script not generally used outside that country.

The display of Unicode currency symbols among various typefaces is inconsistent, more so than other characters in the repertoire. The French franc sign (U+20A3) is typically displayed as a struck-through F, but various versions of Garamond display it as an Fr ligature. The peseta sign (U+20A7), inherited from code page 437, is usually displayed as a Pts ligature, but Roboto displays it as a Pt ligature and Arial Unicode MS displays it as a partially struck-through P. The rupee sign (U+20A8) is usually displayed as an Rs digraph, but Microsoft Sans Serif uses the quantity-neutral "Rp" digraph instead.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Nehalennia (damselfly)
Nehalennia is a genus of very small damselflies in the family Coenagrionidae. Most of the species are commonly known as Sprites. One species, N. speciosa occurs in Eurasia; the rest in North and South America.

This genus contains the following six species:

Nehalennia gracilis Morse, 1895 – sphagnum sprite

Nehalennia integricollis Calvert, 1913 – southern sprite

Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861) – sedge sprite

Nehalennia minuta (Selys in Sagra, 1857) – tropical sprite

Nehalennia pallidula Calvert, 1913 – Everglades sprite

Nehalennia speciosa (Charpentier, 1840) – pygmy damselfly, sedgling

Nehalennia speciosa
Nehalennia speciosa (pygmy damselfly, sedgeling or sedgling) is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Austria, Belarus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, possibly France, and possibly Kazakhstan. Its natural habitats are swamps, freshwater marshes, and open excavations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Westmoreland, Portland, Oregon
Westmoreland is one of two distinct districts making up the Sellwood-Moreland neighborhood of Southeast Portland, bordering Brooklyn to the north, the Willamette River to the west, Eastmoreland to the east, and Sellwood to the south.  The isolation caused by being bounded on two sides by the river and Oregon Route 99E (a major artery) have produced a distinct small-town atmosphere, despite its being relatively close to downtown Portland.

Westmoreland was named for a local real estate developer, Judge J.C. Moreland. The district includes Westmoreland Park.

Sellwood-Moreland, Portland, Oregon
Sellwood-Moreland is a neighborhood on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River in Southeast Portland, Oregon, bordering Brooklyn to the north, Eastmoreland to the east, and the city of Milwaukie to the south. The neighborhood is linked to Southwest Portland across the Willamette River by the Sellwood Bridge, the southernmost of Portland's bridges.