hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghaznavid campaigns in Persia
The Ghaznavid campaigns in Persia, (modern-day Iran) was a series of expeditions and conquests led by Ghaznavid dynasty based in Ghazni. The Ghaznavids under Mahmud of Ghazni and Mas'ud, expanded their empire into Persia, targeting regions of Makran, Ray, Hamadan, Ishfahan, Tabaristan, Jibal, Fars, Kurdistan adjoining land of Sistan, Khorasan and parts of northern Persia. The conquests mostly occurred between 1026-1033 except Tabaristan which was subdued in 1012 AD. These campaigns were driven by ambitions of territorial expansion and spread of Sunni Islam, often at the expense of local Persian dynasties like the Buyids, Kakuyids, Ziyarids and Sallarid dynasty also secured regions through diplomacy.

Seri Jahan
Seri Jahan (Persian: سريجهن, also Romanized as Serī Jahan and Sarī Jahan; also known as Sar Jahan, Sīrījahan, Sīrī Jahan, and Sīr Jahand) is a village in Garmsir Rural District, in the Central District of Ardestan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 14 families.
Yoshii Isamu Memorial Museum
The Yoshii Isamu Memorial Museum (香美市立吉井勇記念館, Kami Shiritsu Yoshii Isamu Kinenkan) opened in then Kahoku, now Kami, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan in 2003. It is dedicated to the life and works of poet Yoshii Isamu. In the grounds lies the Keiki-sō, his retreat of 1934, restored in 1964 and relocated to this site in 2006, a registered Tangible Cultural Property.

Kami, Kōchi
Kami (香美市, Kami-shi) is a city located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2022, the city had an estimated population of 25,562 in 13212 households and a population density of 48 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 537.86 square kilometres (207.67 sq mi).
Rudolf Plajner
Rudolf Plajner (5 April 1901 – 23 June 1987) was a Czech Scouting pioneer and teacher, He was declared the Chief Scout of the newly unified Czech Scouts and Guides association called Junák after its inception on 22 January 1939. Junák was abolished by force and Scouting prohibited by German State Secretary Karl Hermann Frank during the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia on 28 October 1940. After World War II, the association was reborn. His function was confirmed at the third Junák council (Czech: sněm) in 1968, and served in this function until the end of his life.

Karl Hermann Frank
Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 – 22 May 1946) was a Czech official in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia prior to and during World War II. Attaining the rank of Obergruppenführer, he was in command of the Nazi police apparatus in the protectorate, including the Gestapo, the SD, and the Kripo. After the war, he was tried, convicted and executed by hanging for his role in organizing the massacres of the people of the Czech villages of Lidice and Ležáky.
Yorba Linda Fault
The Yorba Linda Fault or Yorba Linda Trend is a fault system that transects the Whittier Fault and extends from northeast Yorba Linda, California to the southeastern portion of the Chino Hills and Chino Hills (city), in San Bernardino County, California.

The fault was discovered in the late 1990s and is known to have caused the Mw 5.5 2008 Chino Hills earthquake. The fault is believed to produce a Mw  6.0 earthquake at most.

Yorba Linda, California
Yorba Linda (/ˈjɔːrbə ˈlɪndə/, YOR-buh LIN-duh) is a suburban city in northeastern Orange County, California, United States, with the city hall approximately 27 miles (43 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and had a population of 68,336 at the 2020 census.

Yorba Linda is known for its connection to Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States. His birthplace is a National Historic Landmark, and his presidential library and museum are also located in the city.
Mainland BlockParty
The BlockParty Series started in Lagos, Nigeria as Mainland BlockParty in 2018. Formed by Oluwatobi Mohammed, the party series comprises Island BlockParty, Capital BlockParty, Garden BlockParty, Premier BlockParty, Gold BlockParty, and a BlockParty pop-up at Afro Nation. The music festival is held monthly on the last Sunday of the month except for the anniversary edition on 1 January. It holds in various cities including Abuja, Port Harcourt, Ibadan, and Accra. The party series is produced by TopBoy Entertainment and Plug Live It is one of West Africa’s biggest monthly youth festivals by attendance drawing considerable media attention internationally.

Jameson Irish Whiskey
Jameson (/ˈdʒeɪməsən, ˈdʒɛməsən/) is a blended Irish whiskey produced by the Irish Distillers subsidiary of Pernod Ricard. Originally one of the six main Dublin whiskeys at the Jameson Distillery Bow St., Jameson is now distilled at the New Midleton Distillery in County Cork. It is by far the best-selling Irish whiskey in the world; in 2019, annual sales passed 8 million cases. It has been sold internationally since the early 19th century, and is available to buy in over 130 countries.
Sheikh Rahman
Sheikh Rahman (born November 15, 1960) is a Bangladeshi-American politician who has served in the Georgia State Senate from the 5th district since January 14, 2019. He is the first Muslim lawmaker in Georgia.

Bangladeshi Americans
Bangladeshi Americans (Bengali: বাংলাদেশী মার্কিনী, romanized: Bangladeshī Markinī) are American citizens with Bangladeshi origin or descent. Bangladeshi Americans are predominantly Bengali-speaking Muslims. Since the early 1970s, Bangladeshi immigrants have arrived in significant numbers to become one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the U.S. New York City is home to two-thirds of the Bangladeshi American population. Meanwhile, Paterson, New Jersey; Atlantic City, New Jersey; and Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey are also home to notable Bangladeshi communities.
German American Partnership Program
The German American Partnership Program (GAPP) is a high school exchange program between schools in the United States and Germany, sponsored by the German Foreign Office and the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Organizational support is provided by the Goethe-Institut. The program was started in 1977 . Over 200,000 students have participated in the program .

An exchange in this program is organized by two schools which enter into a long-term partnership. Each exchange itself, however, is defined as a short-term exchange. Students from the partner schools are eligible to participate in the annual or bi-annual school visits. These last between three and four weeks each. According to the program rules, 10 to 20 students from each school can participate and are accompanied by teachers from their home schools.

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the United States Department of State fosters mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries around the world. It is responsible for the United States' cultural exchange programs.

As of February 4, 2025, Darren Beattie is the senior official and acting Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs.
Karl Negley Mellon
Karl Negley Mellon (August 5, 1937 – March 31, 1983) was an American heir and the son of Matthew T. Mellon. A member of the Mellon family, he experienced difficulties during his life before dying by suicide at age 45. The disposition of his estate—incorrectly rumored to be worth a fortune—was the subject of media attention.

Mellon family
The Mellon family is a wealthy and influential American family from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The family includes Andrew Mellon, one of the longest serving U.S. Treasury Secretaries, while other members worked in the judicial, banking, financial, business, and political professions. Other notable figures include the prominent banker R.B. Mellon and his son R.K. Mellon, who provided funding and leadership for the first Pittsburgh Renaissance.
Faisalabad–Sangla Hill Road
Faisalabad–Sangla Hill Road (Punjabi, Urdu: فیصل آباد – سانگلہ ہِل سڑک), also known locally as Sangla-Jhumra Road, is a provincially maintained road in Punjab, Pakistan, that connects the cities of Faisalabad and Sangla Hill.

Provincial highways of Punjab
The Provincial Highways of Punjab are all public highways maintained by the Punjab Highway Department in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The highway department under the Department of Transportation maintains over 38,000 kilometres (24,000 mi) of roadways organised into various classifications which crisscross the province and provide access to major population centres. These are not to be confused with national highways which are federal roads maintained by the Government of Pakistan and the National Highway Authority.
Strogino District
Strogino (Russian: Строгино), formerly known as Ostrogino (Острогино), is a district in North-Western Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia, located on the right bank of the Moskva River about 12 km west-northwest of central Moscow.  An eponymous Moscow Metro station Strogino on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line was opened here on January 7, 2008.  The Moscow Ring Road runs down the western border, and the Moskva River borders the district on the north and east.  The area of the district is 18.643 square kilometres (7.198 sq mi). Population: 152,500 (2017 est.)

Moskva (river)
The Moskva (/məsˈkvɑː/ məs-KVAH or /ˈmɒskvə/ MOS-kvə; Russian: Москва) is a river that flows through Western Russia. It rises about 140 km (90 mi) west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About 110 km (70 mi) southeast of Moscow, at the city of Kolomna, it flows into the Oka, itself a tributary of the Volga, which ultimately flows into the Caspian Sea.
Melouseia
Melouseia (Greek: Μελούσεια; Turkish: Kırıkkale) is a village in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of Athienou. It is one of four villages in the district under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus, the other three being Arsos, Pergamos and Tremetousia.

Pergamos, Cyprus
Pergamos (Greek: Πέργαμoς; Turkish: Beyarmudu) is a Turkish Cypriot village in Larnaca District, Cyprus, 4 km north of Pyla, almost surrounded by the British Sovereign Base Area (SBA) at Dhekelia. Pergamos is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

Under Ottoman rule it was in the Caza of Famagusta and initially remained so under British rule. Around 1920 it was moved to Larnaca District.
2023 Surbiton Trophy
The 2023 Surbiton Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass. It was the 18th edition for men and 19th for women, which were respectively part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Surbiton, United Kingdom between 5 and 11 June 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Hamed Hajimehdi
Hamed Hajimehdi (Persian: حامد حاجی مهدی; born 19 January 1988) is an Iranian professional footballer and former futsal player who plays as a midfielder for Mendiola 1991 of the Philippines Football League. He has mainly played for various clubs in the Philippines.

7's Football League
The 7's Football League (7s FL) is a seven-a-side football league in the Philippines. Established in 2018, the league already had four seasons. It has a two-tiered men's division, a women's division, and youth divisions. The league is an open tournament with participation from representative sides of the domestic football competition, the Philippines Football League.
George B. Sennett
George Burritt Sennett (July 28, 1840 in Sinclairville, New York – March 18, 1900 in Youngstown, Ohio) was an American ichthyologist and ornithologist. He came from an affluent background and, due to failing eyesight, toured Europe rather than study at Yale University. For a time he concentrated on business, but after 1873 or 1874 he became increasingly interested in ornithology. He would later correspond with Elliott Coues and develop a working relationship to him. In 1876 he had his first expedition and later wrote papers on the birds of the Lower Rio Grande. Other than expeditions he spent much of his life in Pennsylvania and Ohio.

Elliott Coues
Elliott Ladd Coues (/ˈkaʊz/; September 9, 1842 – December 25, 1899) was an American army surgeon, historian, ornithologist, and author. He led surveys of the Arizona Territory, and later as secretary of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. He founded the American Ornithological Union in 1883, and was editor of its publication, The Auk.
2025 Tour of Oman
The 2025 Tour of Oman is a road cycling stage race that takes place between 8 and 12 February 2025 in Oman. The race is rated as a Category 2. Pro event on the 2025 UCI ProSeries calendar, and is the 14th edition of the Tour of Oman.

2025 UCI ProSeries
The 2025 UCI ProSeries was the sixth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consists of 58 events, of which 35 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 23 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 51 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5
WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5 (abbreviated WISE 0410+1502) is a sub-brown dwarf of spectral class Y0, located in constellation Taurus. Being approximately 21.6 light-years from Earth, it is one of the Sun's nearest neighbors, especially assuming outdated parallax by Marsh et al., corresponding to even closer distance of approximately 14 light-years.

Sub-brown dwarf
A sub-brown dwarf or planetary-mass brown dwarf is an astronomical object that formed in the same manner as stars and brown dwarfs (i.e. through the collapse of a gas cloud) but that has a planetary mass, therefore by definition below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (about 13 MJ).
Some researchers include them in the category of rogue planets whereas others call them planetary-mass brown dwarfs.
Leez Priory
Leez Priory is a 16th-century mansion in Little Leighs, a small parish in the district of Chelmsford in the county of Essex, England. The civil parish boundary between Felsted and Great and Little Leighs crosses the priory, so that it partially lies in Felsted and partially in Great and Little Leighs. The priory was designated a Grade I listed building in 1952.

Great and Little Leighs
Great and Little Leighs is a civil parish in the Chelmsford district of Essex, England. The main village in the parish is Great Leighs. The parish also includes Little Leighs and a number of small hamlets in the surrounding rural area. It lies 4 miles (6 km) south of Braintree and 6 miles (10 km) north of Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,968.
Persian clothing
Traditional Persian clothing is the historical costume of the Persian people, and of ancient Persia (Iran) before the 1930s Pahlavi dynasty. Historically, the fabric and color of clothing was very important. During the Achaemenian period (550–330 BC), Persian clothing started to reflect social status and eminence, the climate of the region, and the season. The design philosophy for ancient clothing was a marriage of both function and aesthetics.

Images of Persian clothing examples can be seen in ancient art and Persian miniature paintings. Persian miniatures can employ both vivid and muted colors for clothing, although the colors of paint pigment often do not match the colors of dyes. Traditional Persian clothing is seldom worn in urban areas in modern times but has been well preserved in texts and paintings throughout history.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Moscow Group
The Moscow Group was Menshevik organisation based in Moscow during the 1905 Revolution. The Group was founded in the spring of 1905. Following the appearance of the Bulygin Constitution on 6 August 1905, the Moscow Group was unhappy that it proposed a purely consultative Duma elected by a highly restricted electorate from which workers would be excluded by means of property qualifications. They started agitating for the formation of the Moscow Soviet of 1905, as a broad base cross-party workers organisation, as had been agreed at their Geneva conference held in April 1905. Whereas the St Petersburg Soviet had been founded on 13 October 1905, the Moscow Soviet was formed later, but took on a major role in the Moscow uprising of 1905.

Moscow uprising of 1905
The Moscow uprising, centered in Moscow's Presnensky district between 7 and 18 December 1905, was the climax of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Thousands of workers joined an armed rebellion against the imperial government fighting for better societal conditions. The uprising ended in defeat for the revolutionaries and provoked a swift counter-revolution that lasted until 1907. The revolution of 1905 was a turning point in Russian history, and the Moscow uprising played an important role in fostering revolutionary sentiment among Russian workers. The Moscow revolutionaries gained experience during the uprising that helped them succeed years later in the October Revolution of 1917.
Sheffield & District Law Society
Sheffield & District Law Society is one of the United Kingdom's oldest and largest regional law societies.  Founded in 1875 as The Sheffield District Incorporated Law Society, the organization dropped the word "incorporated" from its name in 2008. It is registered as a company limited by guarantee. The Society is based at Law Society Hall in Campo Lane, Sheffield, premises built with the assistance of a generous donation from local solicitor Edward Bramley in 1929.

Law society
A law society is an association of lawyers with a regulatory role that includes the right to supervise the training, qualifications, and conduct of lawyers. Where there is a distinction between barristers and solicitors, solicitors are regulated by the law societies and barristers by a separate bar council.
Literary devices in The Lord of the Rings
The philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien made use of multiple literary devices in The Lord of the Rings, from its narrative structure and its use of pseudotranslation and editorial framing, to character pairing and the deliberate cultivation of an impression of depth while constructing the novel. The narrative structure in particular has been seen as a pair of quests, a sequence of tableaux (static scenes), a complex edifice, multiple spirals, and a medieval-style interlacing. The first volume, The Fellowship of the Ring, on the other hand, has a single narrative thread, and repeated episodes of danger and recuperation in five "Homely Houses". His prose style, too, has been both criticised and defended.

Constructing The Lord of the Rings
The task of constructing The Lord of the Rings was long and complex, lasting from its start in 1937, soon after the success of J. R. R. Tolkien's children's book The Hobbit, until the novel's publication in 1954–1955. Tolkien began with no idea where the story would go, and made several false starts before the tale of the One Ring emerged. The names of the characters, including the protagonists, of The Lord of the Rings changed many times. Tolkien stopped writing repeatedly, sometimes for years at a time. Inspiration, when it came, was based on practical work with maps, names, and languages that Tolkien incorporated in the novel. He illustrated places described in the text, updating drawings and text together until he felt they were correct.
Richmond and Putney Unitarian Church
Richmond and Putney Unitarian Church is a Unitarian church in Ormond Road, Richmond, London.

The church building, dating from 1896 and designed by the architect T Locke Worthington, includes an apse with five stained glass lancers, dating from 1912, by Morris & Co. A rear extension designed by Kenneth Tayler was opened in 1966. The Putney congregation merged into the Richmond congregation in 1985.

The Putney Unitarian Church congregation had met at the Wandsworth Unitarian Church, which was expropriated in 1967 for a road-widening project. Their new church on the Upper Richmond Road opened in 1968. After the Putney congregation combined with Richmond, that building, also designed by Kenneth Tayler, was sold to the All Saints Liberal Catholic Church.

Morris & Co.
Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. (1861–1875) was a furnishings and decorative arts manufacturer and retailer founded by the artist and designer William Morris with friends from the Pre-Raphaelites. With its successor Morris & Co. (1875–1940) the firm's medieval-inspired aesthetic and respect for hand-craftsmanship and traditional textile arts had a profound influence on the decoration of churches and houses into the early 20th century.

Although its most influential period was during the flourishing of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the 1880s and 1890s, Morris & Co. remained in operation in a limited fashion from World War I until its closure in 1940.  The firm's designs are still sold today under licences given to Sanderson & Sons, part of the Walker Greenbank wallpaper and fabrics business (which owns the "Morris & Co." brand,) and to Liberty of London.
Agia Eirini, Cephalonia
Agia Eirini (Greek: Άγια Ειρήνη, for Saint Irene) is a community in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi in the southeastern part of the island of Cephalonia, Greece. It is situated in an inland valley, at about 90 m elevation. It is 2 km south of Tzanata, 3 km southeast of Xenopoulo, 3 km north of Pastra and 4 km southwest of Poros.  It is located on the road connecting Poros with Argostoli.

Argostoli
Argostoli (Greek: Αργοστόλι, romanized: Argostóli, Katharevousa: Ἀργοστόλιον, romanized: Argostólion) is a town and a municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is one of the three municipalities on the island. It has been the capital and administrative centre of Kefalonia since 1757, following a population shift down from the old capital of Agios Georgios, also known as Kastro, to take advantage of the trading opportunities provided by the sheltered bay upon which Argostoli sits.

Argostoli developed into one of the busiest ports in Greece, leading to prosperity and growth. The municipality has an area of 377.0 km2 and the municipal unit (the pre-2010 municipality) has an area of 157.670 km2. The 2021 census recorded a population of 13,666 in the Argostoli municipal unit, and 23,574 in the municipality in its post-2019 extension.