hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1899) is a racialist book by the British-German philosopher Houston Stewart Chamberlain. In the book, Chamberlain advances various racialist and especially völkisch antisemitic theories on how he saw the Aryan race as superior to others, and the Teutonic peoples as a positive force in European civilization and the Jews as a negative one. The book was his best-selling work.

Semitic people
Semitic people or Semites is a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group associated with people of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, including Akkadians (Assyrians and Babylonians), Arabs, Arameans, Canaanites (Ammonites, Edomites, Israelites, Moabites, Phoenicians, and Philistines) and Habesha peoples. The terminology is now largely unused outside the grouping "Semitic languages" in linguistics. First used in the 1770s by members of the Göttingen school of history, this biblical terminology for race was derived from Shem (שֵׁם), one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, together with the parallel terms Hamites and Japhetites.

In archaeology, the term is sometimes used informally as "a kind of shorthand" for ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. Identification of pro-Caucasian racism has either partially or completely devalued the use of the term as a racial category, with the caveat that an inverse assessment would still be considered scientifically obsolete.
Forty-Fours
The Forty-Fours are a group of islands in the Chatham Archipelago, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the main Chatham Island.  They are called Motchuhar in Moriori and Motuhara in Māori.  The group includes the easternmost point of New Zealand, whose South Island is located about 800 kilometres (497 mi) to the west.

Scientists on the 1954 Chatham Islands expedition visited the islands recording prolific bird life including albatrosses and mollymawks.

The region is one of only two breeding sites for the Chatham fulmar prion.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International due to it also supporting colonies of Buller's and northern royal albatrosses.

Chatham Island
Chatham Island (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) (Moriori: Rēkohu, lit. 'Misty Sun'; Māori: Wharekauri) is the largest island of the Chatham Islands group, in the south Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island.  It is said to be  "halfway between the equator and the pole, and right on the International Date Line", although that point is 173 miles WSW of the island's westernmost point. The Moriori are the first settlers of the Chatham Islands. The island is called Rekohu ("misty skies") in Moriori, and Wharekauri  in Māori.

The island was named after the survey ship HMS Chatham which was the first European ship to locate the island in 1791. It covers an area of 920 km2 (355 sq mi).
Chatham Island lies 650 km (404 mi) south-east of Cape Turnagain, the nearest point of mainland New Zealand.
Alice and Martin Provensen
Alice Rose Provensen (née Twitchell; 1918–2018) and Martin Provensen (1916–1987) were an American couple who illustrated more than 40 children's books together, 19 of which they also wrote and edited. According to Alice, "we were a true collaboration. Martin and I really were one artist."

Margaret Wise Brown
Margaret Wise Brown (May 23, 1910 – November 13, 1952) was an American writer of children's books, including Goodnight Moon (1947) and The Runaway Bunny (1942), both illustrated by Clement Hurd. She has been called "the laureate of the nursery" for her achievements. Besides her real name, she also used the noms-de-plume Golden MacDonald for Doubleday and Company, Timothy Hay for Harper & Brothers and Juniper Sage (her collaboration with Edith Thacher Hurd) for William R. Scott, Inc.
Greco (surname)
Greco (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡrɛːko]) is a common Italian surname, ranking 10th among the most widespread surnames in Italy, and it literally means "Greek". Historically, its popularity is due to the frequent relationships between Italy and Greece.

Variants of the surname include Del Greco, Della Greca, Greci, Grego, Grieco, La Greca, Lagreca, Lo Greco, Logreco, Logrieco, Greca, Grech, Grecco, etc.

Grego (surname)
Grego is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Grego (born 1969), Italian composer

Andrea Grego (1400–1485), Italian Dominican friar and preacher

Antun Grego (born 1940), Croatian sailor

Bojan Grego (born 1970), Croatian sailor

Egidio Grego (1894–1917), Italian aviator

Jim Grego (born 1955), American politician

João Grego, 15th century Portuguese explorer

Joseph Grego (1843–1908), English art collector

Laura Grego, American physicist

Melania Grego (born 1973), Italian water polo player
Llansantffraed, Monmouthshire
Llansantffraed is the smallest parish in Monmouthshire, Wales, located four miles to the west of Raglan, north of the A40 between Raglan and Abergavenny. There is no community, only the Llansantffraed Court estate and the church.

Raglan, Monmouthshire
Raglan (/ˈræɡlən/; Welsh: Rhaglan) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales.  It is located some 9 miles south-west of Monmouth, midway between Monmouth and Abergavenny on the A40 road very near to the junction with the A449 road. It is the location of Raglan Castle, built for William ap Thomas and now maintained by Cadw. The community includes the villages of Llandenny and Pen-y-clawdd. Raglan itself has a population of 1,183.
Young German Order
The Young German Order (German: Jungdeutscher Orden, shortened form Jungdo) was a nationalist-liberal association founded by Artur Mahraun in the early years of the Weimar Republic. It grew out of a Freikorps unit but kept its paramilitary structure for only a few years before it turned away from the political Right. It differed from other similar associations in its organisation and customs, which were based on the medieval Teutonic Order, and in its political aims. Mahraun hoped to overcome class and social differences in German society by instilling it with the camaraderie that front-line soldiers had experienced during World War I.

Most of its members belonged to the middle classes. It was antisemitic and in favour of reconciliation with France. It achieved its historical prominence through its brief merger with the left-liberal German Democratic Party to form the German State Party in 1930. It was banned when the Nazi Party came to power in 1933.

Einsatzkommando
During World War II, the Nazi German Einsatzkommandos were a sub-group of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads) – up to 3,000 men total – usually composed of 500–1,000 functionaries of the SS and Gestapo, whose mission was to exterminate Jews, Polish intellectuals, Romani, and communists in the captured territories often far behind the advancing German front. Einsatzkommandos, along with Sonderkommandos, were responsible for the systematic murder of Jews during the aftermath of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. After the war, several commanders were tried in the Einsatzgruppen trial, convicted, and executed.
Bong-7
Bong-7 is an electoral district for the elections to the House of Representatives of Liberia. The constituency covers the Fuamah District and the Sanayea District (except the Gou, Laryea and Gbonota communities).

Sanayea District
Sanayea District (or Sanoyeah) is one of twelve districts located in Bong County, Liberia. It has six third level sub-divisions: Menquelleh, Wallahun, Deingmah, Boryermah, Sanoyea, and Bonkomu. It had a population of 30,300 people in the 2008 Census.
Eucalyptus microschema
Eucalyptus microschema is a species of small, shrubby mallee that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth, silvery grey bark, linear adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine or eleven, white flowers and short, barrel-shaped fruit. It is restricted to a small area near Newdegate.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Frank Brady (writer)
Frank Brady (born March 15, 1934, in Brooklyn, New York), is an American writer, editor, biographer and educator. Former chairman of the Department of Mass Communications, Journalism, Television and Film at St. John's University, New York, he is founding editor of Chess Life magazine.

United States Chess Federation
The United States Chess Federation (also known as US Chess or USCF) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in The World Chess Federation (FIDE). USCF administers the official national rating system, awards national titles, sanctions over twenty national championships annually, and publishes two magazines: Chess Life and Chess Life Kids. The USCF was founded and incorporated in Illinois in 1939, from the merger of two older chess organizations.  It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. Its membership as of 2024 was 112,000.
Big 5 Classic
The Big 5 Classic, officially known as the Toyota Big 5 Classic for sponsorship reasons, is an annual early-season college basketball tournament and showcase featuring the six member schools of the Philadelphia Big 5—Drexel, La Salle, Penn, Saint Joseph's, Temple, and Villanova. The tournament begins in November with pod play and concludes on the first weekend in December with triple-headers for the men's and women's competitions.

Temple Owls
The Temple Owls  are the athletic teams that represent Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The current athletic director is Arthur Johnson.

The owl has been the symbol and mascot for Temple University since its founding in the 1880s. Temple was the first school in the United States to adopt the owl as its symbol or mascot. The owl, a nocturnal hunter, was initially adopted as a symbol because Temple University began as a night school for young people of limited means. Russell Conwell, Temple's founder, encouraged these students with the remark: "The owl of the night makes the eagle of the day."
Krohns Lake
Krohns Lake, is a spring-fed lake southwest of Algoma, Wisconsin, in Kewaunee County. The lake is part of the Tri-Lakes Association, who are in charge of this lake, East Alaska Lake, and West Alaska Lake.

East Alaska Lake
East Alaska Lake is a lake in central Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, it is the biggest inland lake in the county. The lake is located on a golf course. Fish in the lake include Bluegill, Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, and Muskellunge.
Nurhachius
Nurhachius is a genus of istiodactylid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Barremian to Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China. Its fossil remains date back about 120 million years ago.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Baldwin V of Jerusalem
Baldwin V (born 1177 or 1178; died 1186) reigned as the king of Jerusalem together with his uncle Baldwin IV from 1183 until his uncle's death in 1185, after which he was sole king until his own death in 1186. Baldwin IV's leprosy meant that he could not have children, and so he spent his reign grooming various relatives to succeed him. Finally his nephew was chosen, and Baldwin IV had him crowned as co-king in order to sideline the child's unpopular stepfather, Guy of Lusignan. When Baldwin IV died, Count Raymond III of Tripoli assumed government on behalf of the child king. Baldwin V died of unknown causes and was succeeded by his mother, Sibylla, who then made Guy king.

Malcolm Barber
Malcolm Charles Barber (born 4 March 1943) is a British medievalist. He has been described as the world's leading living expert on the Knights Templar. He is considered to have written the two most comprehensive books on the subject, The Trial of the Templars (1978) and The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple (1994).  He has been an editor for The Journal of Medieval History and written many articles on the Templars, the Cathars, various elements of the Crusades, and the reign of Philip IV of France.
Kashikishi
Kashikishi is a town on the south-eastern shore of Lake Mweru in the Luapula Province of Zambia. It lies just north of the district headquarters Nchelenge, and close enough for them to be considered twin towns; they are sometimes referred to as Nchelenge–Kashikishi.

While Nchelenge is the seat of the district government and branches of national agencies, Kashikishi is the market and fisheries centre. It is also the site of a government secondary school and St Paul's Catholic Mission, which includes the largest hospital in the Nchelenge District.

The principal highway of the Luapula Province ends its tarred surface at Nchelenge-Kashikishi, providing good communication southwards with Mansa and Serenje. Northwards a dirt road continues to Chiengi and Zambia's border with DR Congo.

As of 1976, Kashikishi had a population of approximately 1,500.: 1

Mansa, Zambia
Mansa is the capital of the Luapula Province of Zambia, and headquarters of Mansa District. It takes its name from the local Chief Mansa and the small Mansa River which flows west to the Luapula River. During British rule the city was named Fort Rosebery.
Kanysh Satbayev
Kanysh Imantayuli Satbayev (11 April 1899 – 31 January 1964) was a Kazakh professor, geologist and one of the founders of Soviet metallogeny (specifically the Kazakhstani school) and the principal advocate and first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.

He was a doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1942), Professor (1950), Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1946), member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), and the first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. He is famous as the geologist who discovered the Ulutau-Dzhezkazgan copper deposit that was, at the time, amongst the largest copper reserves discovered.

Satbayev University
Satbayev University (Kazakh: Сәтбаев университеті, romanized: Sätbaev universitetı) is a technical university located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The university is the oldest technical university in Kazakhstan, comprising 10 institutions and 27 departments.
Jōrakuji-Nanatsuzuka Kofun Cluster
The Jōrakuji-Nanatsuzuka Kofun Cluster (浄楽寺・七ツ塚古墳群, Jōrakuji-Nanatsuzuka kofun-gun) is a group of Kofun period burial mounds located in the Takasugi and Odasaiwai neighborhoods of the city of Miyoshi, Hiroshima Prefecture in the San'yō region of Japan. The cluster was designated a National Historic Site in 1972.

Miyoshi, Hiroshima
Miyoshi (三次市, Miyoshi-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 49,106 in 23154 households and a population density of 63 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 778.14 square kilometres (300.44 sq mi).
Key Island
Key Island, with the adjacent Key Reef, is a granite island, with an area of 6 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Long Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait west of Cape Barren Island in the Furneaux Group. The ketch 'Grace Victoria Holyman' was wrecked near here in Thunder & Lightning Bay in 1897.

Cape Barren Island
Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island, is a 478-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at 715 metres (2,346 ft). The name of the island derives from the cape on the south-eastern point of the island, which was named "Cape Barren"  by Tobias Furneaux in March 1773. Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island. The number of permanent residents is variously estimated around 65-80 (2021/2025), most of whom live in a settlement called "The Corner".
Morning Call (TV program)
Morning Call is an American TV business program that aired on CNBC, from 10AM to 12 noon ET weekdays. The show premiered as Midday Call on February 4, 2002, offered a clear focus on real-time market coverage at the heart of the trading day. Previous programs shown in the same time slot were The Money Wheel with Ted David and Martha MacCallum (who later joined Fox News Channel) and Market Watch. The program last aired August 8, 2007.

CNBC Europe
Consumer News and Business Channel Europe (referred to on air simply as CNBC) is a business and financial news television channel which airs across Europe. The station is based in London, where it shares the Adrian Smith-designed 10 Fleet Place building with organisations including Dow Jones & Company. Along with CNBC Asia, the channel is operated by the Singapore-headquartered CNBC subsidiary company CNBC International, which is in turn wholly owned by Versant.

As the most viewed pan-European financial TV channel according to the 2010 EMS survey, the broadcaster reaches over 100 million households across the continent. CNBC Europe produces four hours of live programming each weekday and airs reports and content for its global sister stations and the outlets of NBC News.
Renee Ellmers
Renee Louise Ellmers (née Jacisin; born February 9, 1964) is an American registered nurse and politician who was the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 2nd congressional district from 2011 to 2017. She is a member of the Republican Party. Ellmers defeated seven-term Democratic incumbent Bob Etheridge in 2010 by 1,489 votes, confirmed after a recount. In the 2016 Republican primary, Ellmers was defeated by fellow U.S. Representative George Holding.

In 2020, Ellmers sought election as Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. She placed fifth in the Republican primary election, with businessman Mark Robinson securing the nomination and eventually winning the general election. She ran unsuccessfully  in the 2022 election in North Carolina's 13th congressional district, finishing fifth in the primary field.

Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act
The Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (also colloquially known as Micah's Law) is a congressional bill that would, in most cases, make it unlawful to perform an abortion if the estimated post-fertilization age of a fetus is 20 weeks or more. The bill is based upon the assertion that a fetus is capable of feeling pain during an abortion at and after that point in a pregnancy.

The Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act was first introduced in Congress in 2013. It passed the House of Representatives in 2013, 2015, and 2017. The bill has twice received a majority of votes in the Senate, but has failed to reach the 60 votes required to break a filibuster.
Samuel Thompson (herald)
Samuel Thompson (d. 1624) was employed by the herald William Segar, before being recommended by William Dethick to be granted a place as a pursuivant, as he was competent in Latin. He was appointed Portcullis pursuivant in 1597. He was promoted to be Windsor herald in 1617. In 1623, he conducted the visitation of Surrey as deputy for William Camden. He had a house in Streatham, where his will was written in May 1624, but asked to be buried in St John Zachary.

William Dethick
Sir William Dethick (c. 1542–1612) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. He was the son of Sir Gilbert Dethick and followed his father as Garter Principal King of Arms. Though he was adjudged a qualified armorist and antiquarian, Dethick's biography is notable for numerous instances of conflict with his colleagues and others.
Spectrum Sports (New York)
Spectrum Sports was a network of regional sports cable television stations serving much of the upstate New York area. The stations, which were owned and operated by Charter Communications through its acquisition of Time Warner Cable in May 2016, were available in Rochester, Binghamton, Syracuse and Buffalo. The network broadcast a variety of local college and minor league sports games and was the de facto successor to the Buffalo-based Empire Sports Network. Unlike most regional sports networks, Spectrum Sports was never available on satellite television, nor was it available in areas of upstate that are served by companies other than Charter Spectrum/Time Warner Cable (such as Atlantic Broadband in Cattaraugus County or Zito Media in Cayuga County).

Rochester Americans
The Rochester Americans (colloquially known as the Amerks) are a professional ice hockey team based in Rochester, New York. They are the American Hockey League affiliate of the National Hockey League's Buffalo Sabres. The team plays its home games at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. The Americans are the fourth oldest franchise in the AHL, and have the second longest continuous tenure among AHL teams in their current locations after the Hershey Bears.

Rochester was awarded a new franchise in June 1956, when the Pittsburgh Hornets were forced to suspend operations after their arena, the Duquesne Gardens was razed in an urban renewal project. With the Hornets franchise in limbo until a new arena could be built, there was room in the league for a team in Rochester.

The Americans' team colors are red, white and blue. The logo is a patriotic badge with "Americans" written in cursive script. They have won the Calder Cup six times, and lost in the Cup finals ten times.
Dingolshausen
Dingolshausen is a municipality in the district of Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany.

Located at the foot of the Steigerwald (forest) and in the valley of a creek named the Volkach. Dingolshausen is known for its wineries.

Schweinfurt (district)
Schweinfurt is a Landkreis (district) in the northwestern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Bad Kissingen, Rhön-Grabfeld, Haßberge, Bamberg, Kitzingen, Würzburg and Main-Spessart. The district-free city Schweinfurt is surrounded by the district.
Keratin 12
Keratin 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT12 gene. It is a type I keratin.

Keratin 12 is keratin found expressed in corneal epithelia. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein lead to Meesmann corneal dystrophy.

Type I keratin
Type I keratins (or Type I cytokeratins) are cytokeratins that constitute the Type I intermediate filaments (IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells. Most of the type I keratins consist of acidic, low molecular weight proteins which in vivo are arranged in pairs of heterotypic Type I and Type II keratin chains, coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues.

Type I keratins are encoded on chromosome 17q and encompasses: K9, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27 and K28. Their molecular weight ranges from 40 kDa (K19) to 64 kDa (K9).