hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William K. Black
William Kurt Black (born September 6, 1951) is an American lawyer, academic, author, and a former bank regulator. Black's expertise is in white-collar crime, public finance, regulation, and other topics in law and economics. He developed the concept of "control fraud", in which a business or national executive uses the entity he or she controls as a "weapon" to commit fraud.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Alpert Medical School
The Warren Alpert Medical School (formerly known as Brown Medical School; previously known as Brown University School of Medicine) is the medical school of Brown University, located in Providence, Rhode Island. Originally established in 1811, it was the third medical school to be founded in New England after only Harvard and Dartmouth. However, the original program was suspended in 1827, and the four-year medical program was re-established almost 150 years later in 1972, granting the first MD degrees in 1975.

The Warren Alpert Medical School is a component of Brown's Division of Biology and Medicine, which also includes the Program in Biology. Together with the Medical School's seven affiliated teaching hospitals, the Division has $300 million in external research funding per year.

International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) is a global not-for-profit, public-private partnership working to accelerate the development of vaccines to prevent HIV infection and AIDS. IAVI researches and develops vaccine candidates, conducts policy analyses, serves as an advocate for the HIV prevention field and engages communities in the trial process and AIDS vaccine education. The organization takes a comprehensive approach to HIV and AIDS that supports existing HIV prevention and treatment programs while emphasizing the need for new AIDS prevention tools. It also works to ensure that future vaccines will be accessible to all who need them.
McWhirters
McWhirters is a heritage-listed former department store at Wickham Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as McWhirters Marketplace, McWhirters & Son Ltd, and Myer (Fortitude Valley). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

It has been redeveloped as a shopping centre and apartment building. The buildings occupy over an acre of land bound by Brunswick, Wickham, and Warner Streets.

Tin ceiling
A tin ceiling is an architectural element, consisting of a ceiling finished with tinplate with designs pressed into them, that was very popular in Victorian buildings in North America  in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were also popular in Australia where they were commonly known as pressed metal ceilings or Wunderlich ceilings (after the main Australian manufacturer Wunderlich). They were also used in South Africa.
FOCUS
FOCUS is a fourth-generation programming language (4GL) computer programming language and development environment that is used to build database queries. Produced by Information Builders Inc., it was originally developed for data handling and analysis on the IBM mainframe. Subsequently versions for minicomputers and such as the VAX and other platforms were implemented. FOCUS was later extended to personal computers and (in 1997) to the World Wide Web: the WebFOCUS product.

SAS (software)
SAS (previously Statistical Analysis System) is data and artificial intelligence software developed by SAS Institute for  data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, and predictive analytics.

SAS was developed at North Carolina State University from 1966 until 1976, when SAS Institute was incorporated. SAS was further developed in the 1980s and 1990s with the addition of new statistical procedures, additional components and the introduction of JMP. A point-and-click interface was added in version 9 in 2004. A social media analytics product was added in 2010. SAS Viya, a suite of analytics and artificial intelligence software, was introduced in 2016.
CoCo Wheats
CoCo Wheats is a brand of instant, chocolate flavored breakfast cereal introduced in 1930 and currently owned by Post Holdings. The brand was originally owned by Little Crow Foods, and bought by MOM Brands in 2012. Three years later, MOM Brands was bought by Post Holdings in 2015.

CoCo Wheats is a wheat/farina cereal, flavored with cocoa and contains no sugar. It competes with Chocolate Flavored Malt-O-Meal and Chocolate Flavored Farina.

Post Holdings
Post Holdings, Inc. is an American consumer packaged goods holding company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri with businesses operating in the center-of-the-store, refrigerated, foodservice, and food ingredient categories. Its Post Consumer Brands business manufactures, markets, and sells both branded and private label products, mainly breakfast cereals. Its Michael Foods Group business supplies value-added egg products and refrigerated potato products to the foodservice and food ingredient channels. Through its Post Refrigerated Retail business, Post offers potato, egg, sausage, and cheese refrigerated side dishes products. Post participates in the private brand food category through its investment in 8th Avenue Food & Provisions, a leading, private brand centric, consumer products holding company.
W1AW
W1AW is both the amateur radio call sign and the primary operating station of the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). This station, which is commonly called the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station, is located on the grounds of ARRL Headquarters in Newington, Connecticut. It was inspired by Maxim's 1AW callsign which predated the use of the AA-AL, K, N and W prefixes. The station routinely transmits bulletins and Morse code practice using common amateur radio frequencies. During a communications emergency bulletins are transmitted hourly in order to keep amateur radio operators informed.

Single-sideband modulation
In radio communications, single-sideband modulation (SSB) or single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation (SSB-SC) is a type of signal modulation used to transmit information, such as an audio signal, by radio waves. A refinement of amplitude modulation, it uses transmitter power and bandwidth more efficiently. Amplitude modulation produces an output signal the bandwidth of which is twice the maximum frequency of the original baseband signal. Single-sideband modulation avoids this bandwidth increase, and the power wasted on a carrier, at the cost of increased device complexity and more difficult tuning at the receiver.
Latvijas Ziņu Kanāls
Latvijas Ziņu Kanāls (LZK, Latvian News Channel) was the first news channel from Latvia. It operated for five years before shutting down in 2011. The channel employed the resources of Latvijas Neatkarīgā Televīzija and local television stations.

Latvijas Neatkarīgā Televīzija
Latvian Independent Television (Latvian: Latvijas Neatkarīgā Televīzija, LNT) was a major private television company in Latvia, founded in 1996. LNT featured TV series, news and entertainment programmes, airing 24 hours a day in Latvian. It went off the air on 1 March 2020, and was replaced by TV3 Life.

In March 2009 it was the most viewed television channel in Latvia, from research data by TNS Latvia. LNT was switched on 18.8% of the time in March, according to LETA.
Arab al-Shamalina
Arab al-Shamalina (Arabic: عرب الشمالنة) also known as Khirbat Abu Zayna was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 4, 1948, under Operation Matate (Broom), a sub operation of Operation Yiftach. It was located 13 km southeast of Safad near the Jordan River.

In 1945 it had a population of 650.

Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Safad Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء صفد; Hebrew: נפת צפת) was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine before it was captured by Israel in 1948. It was located around the city of Safad. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Safed Subdistrict in the Northern District (Israel).
Error
An error (from the Latin errāre, meaning 'to wander') is an inaccurate or incorrect action, thought, or judgement.

In statistics, "error" refers to the difference between the value which has been computed and the correct value. An error could result in failure or in a deviation from the intended performance or behavior.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Kunkush (Bolognesi)
Kunkush (Ancash Quechua for Puya raimondii, Hispanicized spelling Cuncush) is a  4,626-metre-high (15,177 ft) mountain in the Wallanka mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Huallanca District. Kunkush lies at the Ch'uspi valley on an eastern extension of the range, west of Tuna Wayin, Yana Puyku and Muya Wayin and east of Wallanka.

Huallanca (mountain)
Huallanca (possibly from Quechua for "mountain range" and a cactus plant (Opuntia subulata)), also known as Burro (Spanish for "donkey"), is a 5,470 m (17,950 ft)) high mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is the highest peak in the Huallanca mountain range. Huallanca is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, in the districts of Aquia and Huallanca. It is situated in the northern half of the range, southeast of the Yanashallash pass and the peaks of  Tankan, Ch'uspi and Tankanqucha. Kuntur Wayi lies southwest of it. Winchus 4,795 m (15,732 ft)) is the peak west of Wallanka at the Tuna Kancha valley.
Qianjiadian
Qianjiadian Town (simplified Chinese: 千家店镇; traditional Chinese: 千家店鎮; pinyin: Qiānjiādiàn Zhèn) is a town in the Yanqing District of Beijing. It shares border with Dongmao Town to the north, Baoshan Town and Zhenzhuquan Township to the east, Sihai Town and Liubinbao Township to the south, and Xiangying Township to the west. Its population was 6,273 as of 2020.

Yanqing, Beijing
Yanqing District (Chinese: 延庆区; pinyin: Yánqìng Qū), formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center. The district consists of 3 subdistricts, 11 towns and 4 townships, and borders the Beijing districts of Huairou to the east and Changping to the south as well as the Hebei counties of Huailai to the west and Chicheng to the north. The district hosted the Expo 2019, and hosted alpine skiing, bobsled, luge and skeleton during the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Disability-adjusted life year
A disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, representing a year lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death. It was developed in the 1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries.

The concept has become more common in the field of public health and health impact assessment (HIA). It combines both potential years of life lost due to premature death (mortality) and to poor health or disability (morbidity) into a single metric.

Health impact assessment
Health impact assessment (HIA) is defined as "a combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population." (ECHP 1999, p. 4)
Traditionalism (19th-century Catholicism)
Traditionalism, in the context of 19th-century Catholicism, refers to a theory which held that all metaphysical, moral, and religious knowledge derives from God's revelation to man and is handed down in an unbroken chain of tradition. It denied that human reason by itself has the power to attain to any truths in these domains of knowledge. It arose, mainly in Belgium and France, as a reaction to 18th-century rationalism and can be considered an extreme form of anti-rationalism.

Its chief proponents were Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald, and Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais. Their doctrines were advocated in a modified form by Louis Eugène Marie Bautain, Augustin Bonnetty, Casimir Ubaghs, and the philosophers of the Louvain school. The fundamental distrust of human reason underlying traditionalism was eventually condemned in a number of papal decrees and finally ruled out by the dogmatic constitution Dei Filius during the First Vatican Council in 1870.

Dei Filius
Dei Filius is the incipit of the dogmatic constitution of the First Vatican Council on the Catholic faith, which was adopted unanimously, and issued by Pope Pius IX on 24 April 1870.

The constitution set forth the teaching of "the holy Catholic Apostolic Roman Church" on God, revelation and faith.
P. Vijayan
P Vijayan (born 4 February 1968), is the Additional Director General of Police. He is a 1999 batch official of the Indian Police Service. He is currently serving as the intelligence chief of Kerala Police. He is the founder and chief architect of the Student Police Cadet Project And CEEP, a youth development initiative.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Thiago Santos (fighter, born 1986)
Thiago Santos is a Brazilian mixed martial arts fighter currently competing in the Heavyweight division. A professional competitor since 2007, Santos has formerly fought for Bellator MMA and was a finalist in their Season Five Heavyweight Tournament.

Eric Prindle
Eric Prindle (born August 30, 1976) is an American Heavyweight mixed martial artist who last competed in 2018. A professional competitor since 2008 he has fought in Bellator MMA and Pancrase, and was the Bellator Season Five Heavyweight Tournament Winner.
2018 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships
The 2018 Shimadzu All Japan Indoor Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on carpet indoor. It was the 22nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kyoto, Japan between 19 and 25 February 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Cold War in Asia
The Cold War in Asia was a major dimension of the worldwide Cold War that shaped diplomacy and warfare from the mid-1940s to 1991.  The main countries involved were the United States, the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, South Korea, North Vietnam, South Vietnam,  Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Thailand, Laos, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan (Republic of China). In the late 1950s, divisions between China and the Soviet Union deepened, culminating in the Sino-Soviet split, and the two then vied for control of communist movements across the world, especially in Asia.

Malayan Communist Party
The Malayan Communist Party (MCP), officially the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a Marxist–Leninist and anti-imperialist communist party which was active in British Malaya and later, the modern states of Malaysia and Singapore from 1930 to 1989. It was responsible for the creation of both the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army and the Malayan National Liberation Army.

The party led resistance efforts against the Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore during World War II, and later fought a war of national liberation against the British Empire during the Malayan Emergency. After the departure of British colonial forces from the Federation of Malaya, the party fought in a third guerrilla campaign against both the Malaysian and Singaporean governments in an attempt to create a communist state in the region, before disbanding in 1989. Today, due to historical connotations surrounding the MCP, communism as an ideology remains a taboo political topic in both countries.
Mervyn Armstrong
Mervyn Armstrong, OBE (1906–1984) was an eminent Anglican clergyman during the middle third of the 20th century.

Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, he was awarded an Aeogrotat degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics ('PPE') in 1928. Ordained in 1938, his first post was as a Chaplain in the RNVR, after which he was Vicar of Margate. Appointed Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1949 he became Archdeacon of Stow and then Provost of Leicester Cathedral before appointment to the episcopate as Bishop of Jarrow in 1958. In 1964, he resigned that See to become an "advisor on industry" to Donald Coggan, Archbishop of York, and an Assistant Bishop of York; he retired in 1970.

Bishop of Jarrow
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Jarrow is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Durham, in the Province of York, England. The title takes its name after the former Anglo Saxon monastery in the town of Jarrow in Tyne and Wear.
Outline of Christian theology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Christian theology:

Christian theology is the study of Christian belief and practice. Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and the New Testament as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis, and argument. Theology might be undertaken to help the theologian better understand Christian tenets, to make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions, to defend Christianity against objections and criticism, to facilitate reforms in the Christian church, and to assist in the propagation of Christianity.

Patristics
Patristics, also known as patrology, is a branch of theological studies focused on the writings and teachings of the Church Fathers, between the first and the eighth centuries AD. Scholars analyze texts from both orthodox and heretical authors. Patristics emerged as a distinct discipline in the 19th century, supported by critical editions like Patrologia Latina and Patrologia Graeca. The field employs textual analysis, archaeology, and historical criticism to analyze early Christianity's doctrinal, cultural, and intellectual development, incorporating traditions beyond Greek and Latin, such as Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, and Ethiopian.
Snow Hill Site
The Snow Hill Site is an archeological site located near Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland. It was the location of a free African American community, which was established in this area by the mid-19th century. It includes the remains of several structures, a foundation and wall or floorboard, two in situ cast iron stoves, and concentrations of refuse. Only the portion of the site located on the United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge property has been tested. The only remaining standing structure from the community is a two-story, two-family duplex built in the late 19th century, which is located nearby.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Port Deposit, Maryland
Port Deposit is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the east bank of the Susquehanna River near its discharge into the Chesapeake Bay. As of the 2020 census, Port Deposit had a population of 614.
Scutulopsis
Scutulopsis is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Scutulopsis pinacea.

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
Sayaka Tsutsui
Sayaka Tsutsui (筒井 さやか, Tsutsui Sayaka; born 29 September 1992) is a female volleyball player from Japan. Tsutsui plays for Le Cannet (fr) and also plays for the Japan women's national volleyball team as libero.

2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 22nd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 25 July to 24 August 2014. The Group 1 final round was held in Tokyo, Japan. The Brazilian star team won the tournament for the tenth time, the second consecutive victory.
Hudson Valley (magazine)
Hudson Valley is a regional-interest monthly magazine that covers the Hudson Valley. It began publishing in April, 1972, and works out of offices in Poughkeepsie, approximately in the center of its coverage area (Albany, Rensselaer, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster and Westchester counties).

Articles in Hudson Valley are features and lifestyle pieces about residents, places, history, recreation, and dining opportunities in the region. They are accompanied by color photography and a lengthy event listing.

The magazine is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA).

Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.