hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bāṣkali
Bāṣkali (Bashkali) also known as Bahkali or Bahkala, was one of the arrangers of the Vedas. Paila divided the Rig Veda, and gave the two Sanhitas, or collections of hymns, to Indrapramati and to Bāṣkali.

Samhita
Samhita (IAST: Saṃhitā) literally means "put together, joined, union", a "collection", and "a methodical, rule-based combination of text or verses". Saṃhitā also refers to the most ancient layer of text in the Vedas, consisting of mantras, hymns, prayers, litanies and benedictions.

Parts of Vedic Samhitas constitute the oldest living part of Hindu tradition.
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal (Bengali: মুহম্মদ জাফর ইকবাল; pronounced [muɦɔmmɔd dʒafor ikbal]; born 23 December 1952) is a Bangladeshi author, physicist, activist, former professor of computer science and engineering, and former head of the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST).  He achieved his PhD from University of Washington. After working 18 years as a scientist at California Institute of Technology and Bell Communications Research, he returned to Bangladesh and joined Shahjalal University of Science and Technology as a professor of Computer Science and Engineering. He retired from his teaching profession in October 2018.

Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering (CSE) is an academic subject comprising approaches of computer science and computer engineering. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of materials science and engineering. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used  in Europe to translate the name of technical or engineering informatics academic programs. It is offered in both undergraduate as well postgraduate with specializations.
1900 Cork Junior Hurling Championship
The 1900 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

Redmonds won the championship title for the fourth consecutive time.

1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 11 August 1895 at the Park in Cork, between Blackrock and Evergreen. Blackrock won the match by 1–04 to 1–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
George Innes (bishop)
Christianity portal

George Innes  (1717–1781) was an Anglican clergyman who served in the Scottish Episcopal Church as the Bishop of Brechin from 1778 to 1781.

He was consecrated the Bishop of the Diocese of Brechin on 13 August 1778 at Edinburgh by Primus Falconer and bishops Rose and Petrie.

He died in office on 18 May 1781, aged 61.

Arthur Petrie
Arthur Petrie (died 19 April 1787) was the 37th bishop of the Diocese of Ross and Moray of the Scottish Episcopal Church. He was one of the three bishops to consecrate Samuel Seabury, an American Episcopal priest as a bishop in 1784.

The Glasgow Mercury newspaper reporting his death at Micklefollo, described him as 'a dignified clergyman of the Episcopal Church in Scotland, much respected'.
Iron pentacarbonyl
Iron pentacarbonyl, also known as iron carbonyl, is the compound with formula Fe(CO)5. Under standard conditions Fe(CO)5 is a free-flowing, straw-colored liquid with a pungent odour.  Older samples appear darker.  This compound is a common precursor to diverse iron compounds, including many that are useful in small scale organic synthesis.

Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a nickel(0) organometallic compound with the formula Ni(CO)4. This colorless liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel.  It is an intermediate in the Mond process for producing very high-purity nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry, although the Mond Process has fallen out of common usage due to the health hazards in working with the compound. Nickel carbonyl is one of the most dangerous substances yet encountered in nickel chemistry due to its very high toxicity, compounded with high volatility and rapid skin absorption.
2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup final
The 2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final took place between Italy and Brazil on 27 July 2008 at the Plage du Prado. Brazil were the winners, winning by five goals to three. Brazil have beaten fifteen other teams to be crowned FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup 2008 Winners. It was Brazil's third title in a row.

Brazil national beach soccer team
The Brazil national beach soccer team represents Brazil in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the CBF, the governing body for football in Brazil. Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner a record seven times and having won the defunct World Championships also a record nine times.  The Seleção also has the best overall performance in the World Cup competition, both in proportional and absolute terms. Portugal, Russia, Spain and Senegal are the only squads to have eliminated Brazil out of the World Cup. Brazil are ranked 1st in the BSWW World Rankings. They are, alongside Portugal, the only team to have won the world title before and after FIFA assumed the government of beach soccer worldwide. As of 2025, the brazilian team has a winning record against every nation they've faced in their history, winning over 94% of the matches and losing 6% of then, both records in the history of beach soccer.
Kaleidics
The term kaleidics (Greek: καλός kalos: "good", "beautiful"; εἶδος eidos: "form", "shape") denotes the ever-changing shape and status of an economy. Uncertainty is the primary kaleidic factor. It is strongly associated with the work of George Shackle, who had a rather radical interpretation of Keynesian economic theory. He surmised that the uncertainty in a capitalist economy was due to the irrational nature of investment, which is often driven by irrational fears, rumors, and superstition, rather than what is traditionally assumed to be cold, hard, calculation. Such theories lead to the view, expressed in Viennese kaleidics, that the turbulence of markets cannot be smoothed through government interference, and must therefore be left to their own devices.

Richard E. Wagner
Richard Edward Wagner (born April 28, 1941) is an American economist. He is professor emeritus of economics at George Mason University. He works primarily in the fields of public finance, public choice, and complexity economics.

Wagner received his doctorate in economics from the University of Virginia, studying under James M. Buchanan.  Wagner's work centers on the notion that macroeconomic phenomena are emergent, rather than being objects of choice, and the relationship between Systems theory and Economics. In addition to Buchanan, major influences on his thought include Carl Menger, Frank Knight, G. L. S. Shackle and Thomas Schelling.
Battle of Sanaa (2014)
The Battle of Sanaa in 2014 marked the advance of the Houthis into Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and heralded the beginning of the armed takeover of the government that unfolded over the following months. Fighting began on 9 September 2014, when pro-Houthi protesters under the command of Abdul-Malik al-Houthi marched on the cabinet office and were fired upon by security forces, leaving seven dead. The clashes escalated on 18 September, when 40 were killed in an armed confrontation between the Houthis led by military commander Mohammed Ali al-Houthi and supporters of the Sunni hardliner Islah Party when the Houthis tried to seize Yemen TV, and 19 September, with more than 60 killed in clashes between Houthi fighters and the military and police in northern Sanaa. By 21 September, the Houthis captured the government headquarters, marking the fall of Sanaa.

Cabinet of Yemen
The Cabinet of Yemen or Yemeni Government or Yemenite Government is the executive body of the internationally recognized government of the Republic of Yemen, appointed by Rashad al-Alimi as the chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council (PLC).
Orta Nova
Orta Nova is a town and comune about 25.4 kilometres (15.8 mi) from Foggia, in the region of Apulia, in southern Italy.  It stretches to the southern part of the Tavoliere (Foggia's plain) on the right bank of the river Carapelle.

The origins of the name "Orta" are rather uncertain, as it the word may indicate: "crooked born", from the Latin ortus, or "garden" from the Latin word hortus, or also simply "East".

Foggia
Foggia (UK: /ˈfɒdʒə/, US: /ˈfoʊdʒə/; Italian: [ˈfɔddʒa] ⓘ; Foggiano: Fògge [ˈfɔddʒə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".
Pini Gershon
Pinhas Yair Gershon (Hebrew: פנחס "פיני" גרשון; born 13 November 1951), is an Israeli former professional basketball player and coach. He won three top-level European-wide club championships as the head coach of Maccabi Tel Aviv. He won the FIBA SuproLeague championship in 2001, and the EuroLeague championship in 2004 and 2005. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest coaches in Israeli and European history.

He was named the EuroLeague Coach of the Year in 2005. In 2008, he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors, as a coach. He was also the head coach of the senior Bulgarian national team.

Saski Baskonia
Club Deportivo Saski-Baskonia, S.A.D commonly known as Saski Baskonia (pronounced [s̺as̺ki bas̺konia]) and also simply as Baskonia, is a professional basketball team based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country. The team plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague.
1977 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Moneygall were the defending champions.

On 23 October 1977, Kilruane MacDonaghs won the championship after a 1–05 to 0–05 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in a final replay at Semple Stadium. It was their first ever championship title.

1976 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1976 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 86th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Moneygall were the defending champions.

On 12 September 1976, Moneygall won the championship after a 1–09 to 2–05 defeat of Roscrea in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

Minister of Health (Italy)
The minister of health (Italian: ministro della salute) in Italy is one of the positions in the Italian government. The ministry was officially established in 1958, with Vincenzo Monaldi, of the Christian Democracy, serving as the first minister. From 1946 to 1958, the position was held by a high commissioners for hygiene and public health, who was not a minister but a special commissioner. Nicola Perrotti, of the Italian Socialist Party, served as the first high commissioner.

The current head of the Ministry of Health is professor Orazio Schillaci, appointed on 22 October 2022 by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.
Battle of Varna
The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in what is today eastern Bulgaria. The Ottoman army under Sultan Murad II (who did not actually rule the sultanate at the time) defeated the Crusaders commanded by King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary, John Hunyadi (acting as commander of the combined Christian forces) and Mircea II of Wallachia. It was the final battle of the unsuccessful Crusade of Varna, a last-ditch effort to prevent further Ottoman expansion into the Balkans.

Sipahi
The sipahi (Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی, , Turkish pronunciation: [sipaːhi])[a] were professional cavalrymen of the Ottoman Empire. Sipahi units included the land grant–holding (timar) provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the salaried regular kapikulu sipahi, or palace troops. However, the irregular light cavalry  akıncı ("raiders") were not considered to be sipahi. The sipahi formed their own distinctive social classes and were rivals to the Janissaries, the elite infantry corps of the sultans.

The sipahi held a state-owned land tenure known as timar in exchange for tax collection, security, and active military service.
Peter Startup
Peter Startup was a British artist who lived from 1921 to 1976. He was a painter and sculptor principally known for his sculpture in using unusual combinations of materials and found objects, with an important contribution to the new wave of post-war British sculpture and the turn to non-traditional materials and forms.

Startup also had a career as an art school lecturer, culminating as Head of Sculpture at Wimbledon School of Art in London (now part of the University of the Arts, UAL).

Eduardo Paolozzi
Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi CBE RA (/paʊˈlɒtsi/, Italian: [paoˈlɔttsi]; 7 March 1924 – 22 April 2005) was a Scottish artist, known for his sculpture and graphic works. He is widely considered to be one of the pioneers of pop art.
Fort of Archeira
The Fort of Archeira is located in the municipality of Torres Vedras, in the Lisbon District of Portugal. It is also today known as the Furadouro Redoubt and was called the “Cheira” at the time of construction. Construction began in 1810 as part of the first of the three Lines of Torres Vedras, which were defensive lines to protect the Portuguese capital Lisbon from invasion by the French during the Peninsular War (1807–14) or, in the event of defeat, to protect the embarkation of a retreating British Army.

Lines of Torres Vedras
The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon during the Peninsular War. Named after the nearby town of Torres Vedras, they were ordered by Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, constructed by Colonel Richard Fletcher and his Portuguese workers between November 1809 and September 1810, and used to stop Marshal Masséna's 1810 offensive. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019.
Apostolic Nunciature to Spain
The Apostolic Nunciature to the Kingdom of Spain is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Spain. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. For much of the 19th and 20th centuries the holders of the office have gone on to become cardinals with positions in the Roman Curia.

The Apostolic Nuncio to Spain is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Andorra upon his appointment to said nation.

Ildebrando Antoniutti
Ildebrando Antoniutti (3 August 1898 – 1 August 1974) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as prefect of the Congregation for Religious from 1963 to 1973, and was elevated to the cardinalate by Pope John XXIII in 1962.
Robert Williams Daniel
Robert Williams Daniel (September 11, 1884 – December 20, 1940) was an American banker who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, and later became a gentleman farmer and served in the Virginia Senate.

RMS Carpathia
RMS Carpathia was a Cunard Line transatlantic passenger steamship built by C. S. Swan & Hunter in their shipyard in Wallsend, England.

Carpathia made her maiden voyage in 1903 from Liverpool to Boston, and continued on this route before being transferred to Mediterranean service in 1904. In April 1912, she became famous for rescuing survivors of the rival White Star Line's RMS Titanic after it struck an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Carpathia navigated the ice fields to arrive two hours after Titanic had sunk, and the crew rescued 712 survivors from the ship's lifeboats.

Carpathia was sunk on 17 July 1918 during the First World War after being torpedoed three times by the German submarine U-55 off the southern Irish coast, with the loss of five crew members.

The name of the ship comes from the Central European mountain range, the Carpathians.
Oath book
An oath book (also spelled oathbook or oath-book) is a book upon which an oath is sworn, typically in oaths of office and in courts of law to provide sworn testimony. Rooted in Germanic pagan and Jewish custom, the practice of swearing upon books is performed across various religions and countries. Christians generally swear upon the Bible (or historically a Gospel book), Jews by the Torah, Muslims by the Quran, and Hindus by the Bhagavad Gita, although some religious opposition to the practice exists, particularly among Quakers.

Torah scroll
A Torah scroll (Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, romanized: Sefer Torah, lit. 'Book of Torah'; pl. סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה, Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible). The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers. At other times, it is stored in the holiest spot within a synagogue, the Torah ark, which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.

The text of the Torah is also commonly printed and bound in book form for non-ritual functions, called a Chumash (plural Chumashim; "five-part", for the five books of Moses), and is often accompanied by commentaries or translations.
Sonwa Mandap
Sonwa Mandap is an open-air pavilion in Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of the four notable buildings within Chunar Fort. Its 28 pillars are in the Hindu style of architecture.

An engraving on its mehrab is believed to be filled with gold. Sonwa Mandap has four gates and a tunnel at the front yard of the building. It is mentioned that in 1333 AD, princess Sonwa, daughter of Sandeva, a Nepali king, came here frequently to take baths in the Ganga River through this tunnel. The access is from the fort. A bawdi measuring 17 feet (5.2 m) diameter and of nearly 200 feet (61 m) depth contains perennial water, its source connected to the Ganga River. It is also mentioned that princess Sonwa used this well for her ablutions. Bhartri Nath's samadhi is located at the back of this monument where religious ceremonies are conducted.

Mirzapur district
Mirzapur district is one of the 75 districts in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district is bounded on the north by Bhadohi and Varanasi districts, on the east by Chandauli district, on the south by Sonbhadra district and Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh and on the northwest by Prayagraj. The district occupies an area of 4521 km2. Mirzapur city is the district headquarters. Mirzapur district is a part of Mirzapur division. This district is known for the Vindhyavasini temple in Vindhyachal and several tourist attractions like waterfalls like Rajdari and Devdari and dams. It consist of several Ghats where historical sculptures are still present. During the Ganges festival these Ghats are decorated with lights and earthen lamps.

It was once the largest district in Uttar Pradesh until Sonbhadra district was separated from Mirzapur in 1989.
Bärenhorn
The Bärenhorn is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, situated between Vals and Rheinwald in Graubünden, on territory of both municipalities. The northeastern face lies on territory of Safien.

A popular hike starts at Zervreila, passes three remote lakes (Guraletschsee, Amperveilsee and Selvasee) and descends via Selva Alp to Vals. Vals is famous for its spa.

Amperveilsee
Amperveilsee is a lake above Vals in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland.

A popular hike starts at Zervreila, passes the three remote lakes Guraletschsee, Amperveilsee and Selvasee and descends via Selva Alp to Vals. Vals is famous for its spa.
2013 Guangzhou International Women's Open
The 2013 Guangzhou International Women's Open (named as GRC Bank Guangzhou International Women's Open for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 10th edition of the Guangzhou International Women's Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. It  took place in Guangzhou, China, from September 16 through September 21, 2013. Unseeded Zhang Shuai, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title.

Guangzhou International Women's Open
The Guangzhou Open (formerly the Guangzhou International Women's Open) is a tennis tournament held in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Held since 2004, the inaugural tournament had Li Na as the first Chinese singles title winner.
Far East Children's Railway
The Far East Children's Railway (Russian: Дальневосточная детская железная дорога, Dalwenostotschnaja detskaja schelesnaja doroga) is a narrow gauge miniature railway in the Russian town of Khabarovsk. The railway was opened on  19 May, 1958, as one of many pioneer railways in the USSR and is still in use.

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
Destination X (2013)
The 2013 Destination X (also known as Impact Wrestling: Destination X) was a special episode of Impact Wrestling, produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on July 18 at the Broadbent Arena in Louisville, Kentucky. It was the ninth event under the Destination X chronology. Unlike the previous events, this event was not held on pay-per-view (PPV).

Six matches were contested on the event, including one taped for a future episode of Xplosion. In the main event, Chris Sabin defeated Bully Ray to win his first World Heavyweight Championship in what was Sabin's Option C match, which he invoked by vacating the X Division Championship in exchange for a World Heavyweight Championship match at Destination X. The undercard featured first round tournament matches for the vacant X Division Championship and a match between Austin Aries and Bobby Roode in the 2013 Bound for Glory Series.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.