hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Council Bluffs Transfer Depot
Council Bluffs Transfer Depot is a former train station in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The depot had a grand hotel as it was the terminus for the First transcontinental railroad that headed west from the depot.  In 1872, the Union Pacific Railroad built the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge over the Missouri River connecting the transcontinental railroad (Union Pacific Railroad Overland Route) and Omaha, Nebraska to Council Bluffs. The bridge was 2,750 feet (840 m) long, and from the bridge had a one-mile long track which led up to the Council Bluffs Transfer Depot and its hotel. The depot and Council Bluffs Transfer Hotel names were given due to the many eastern trains that arrived for passengers and freight/US mail, which transferred to the transcontinental railroad heading west. The Depot and Hotel was built in the high high victorian italianate architecture  style.

Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge
41°14′59″N 95°55′02″W﻿ / ﻿41.249722°N 95.917222°W﻿ / 41.249722; -95.917222

The Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge is a rail truss bridge across the Missouri River between Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebraska.
Wüstheuterode
Wüstheuterode (German pronunciation: [vyːsthɔʏtəˈʁoːdə]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. On 1 January 2024 it became part of the municipality Uder.

Eichsfeld (district)
Eichsfeld is a district in Thuringia, Germany, and part of the historical region of Eichsfeld. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Nordhausen, Kyffhäuserkreis and Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis, and by the states of Hesse (district Werra-Meißner-Kreis) and Lower Saxony (district Göttingen).
Battle Axe culture
The Battle Axe culture, also called Boat Axe culture, is a Chalcolithic culture that flourished in the coastal areas of the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula and southwest Finland, from c. 2800 BC – c. 2300 BC. It was an offshoot of the Corded Ware culture, and replaced the Funnelbeaker culture in southern Scandinavia, probably through a process of mass migration and population replacement. It is thought to have been responsible for spreading Indo-European languages and other elements of Indo-European culture to the region. It co-existed for a time with the hunter-gatherer Pitted Ware culture, which it eventually absorbed, developing into the Nordic Bronze Age. The Nordic Bronze Age has, in turn, been considered ancestral to the Germanic peoples.

Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and South Asia.

The R1a (R-M420) subclade diverged from R1 (R-M173) 15-25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c. 3,400-5,800 years ago. The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.

The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 (R1a1) branch leading to R-M17.
2008 NCAA Division I tennis championships
The 2008 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships were the 62nd annual men's and 26th annual women's championships to determine the national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.

The tournaments were played concurrently during May 2008 in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Defending team champions Georgia defeated Texas in the men's championship, 4–2, to claim the Bulldogs' sixth team national title.

UCLA defeated California in the women's championship, 4–0, to claim the Bruins' first team national title.

NCAA Division I women's tennis championships
The NCAA Division I women's tennis championships are contested at an annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champions of women's team, singles, and doubles collegiate tennis among its Division I members in the United States. It has been organized by the NCAA every year since 1982, except for 2020.

Stanford has been the most successful program across all three events (singles, doubles, and team).

The University of Georgia is the reigning team national champions, winning their third national title in 2025.

The Division I NCAA team tournament was expanded to 64 teams in 1999.
Mukesh Chadha (general)
Mukesh Chadha is a lieutenant general in the Indian Army, who is serving as the Director General Supplies and Transport. He also serves as Senior Colonel Commandant of the Indian Army Service Corps. He also served as Chief of Staff of the Central Command, one of the major appointments of the army. He is a decorated officer of the army, who has been awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Sena Medal, Vishisht Seva Medal.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Combat of Cardona
The combat of Cardona (21 October 1810) was a Spanish victory at Cardona, Barcelona, Catalonia during the Peninsular War.

The Spanish General Marquis de Campoverde's division, together with several thousand somatenes, had manned the town, its castle, and the neighbouring heights.

As Marshal Macdonald and his two Italian and two French brigades, approached, the Italian general Eugenio marched straight at the position, with Salme's French brigade in support, and was forced to retreat by the Spanish forces.

Castle of Cardona
The Castle of Cardona (Catalan: Castell de Cardona, IPA: [kəsˈteʎ də kəɾˈðonə]) is a medieval fortress in Catalonia, Spain. Situated on a hill overlooking the river valley of the Cardener and the town of Cardona. The fortress was initially constructed by Wilfred the Hairy in 886; it is now a hotel belonging to the state-owned Paradores chain.
Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos
Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos (TAG) is a private passenger and cargo airline with its headquarters in Zone 13 of Guatemala City, and with its main hub at La Aurora International Airport. It was founded in 1969 in Guatemala City. It currently has a fleet of 5 aircraft.

TAG has around 400 employees and operates a maintenance facility at La Aurora International Airport. The hangars are located opposite to the main terminal building, on the east side of the airport. It operates regular flights between the capital and Mundo Maya International Airport in Flores and offers charters, ambulance flights and agricultural flights, both domestic and to Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico.

TAG is the first airline in Guatemala to be certified by the ICAO.

Puerto Barrios Airport
Puerto Barrios Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Puerto Barrios, IATA: PBR, ICAO: MGPB), formerly Izabal Air Base (Base Aérea de Izabal), serves the city of Puerto Barrios, the port of Santo Tomás de Castilla and the Guatemalan Caribbean. It is operated and administrated by Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC).
Fencing
Fencing is a combat sport that features sword fighting. It consists of three primary disciplines: foil, épée, and sabre (also spelled saber), each with its own blade and set of rules. Most competitive fencers specialise in one of these disciplines. The modern sport gained prominence near the end of the 19th century, evolving from historical European swordsmanship. The Italian school altered the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and the French school later refined that system. Scoring points in a fencing competition is done by making contact with the opponent with one's sword.

The 1904 Olympic Games featured a fourth discipline of fencing known as singlestick, but it was dropped after that year and is not a part of modern fencing. Competitive fencing was one of the first sports to be featured in the Olympics and, along with athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics, has been featured in every modern Olympics.

Italian school of swordsmanship
The term Italian school of swordsmanship is used to describe the Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise (1409) to the days of classical fencing (up to the modern day).

Although the weapons and the reason for their use changed dramatically throughout these five centuries, a few fundamental traits have remained constant in the Italian school. Some of these are the preference for certain guards, the preoccupation with time (or "tempo") in fencing as well as many of the defensive actions.

The Dardi school of fencing with the spada da lato was one of the influences of the early modern style of fencing.
1968 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 2nd World Cup season began in January in West Germany and concluded in April in the US Jean-Claude Killy of France repeated as the overall champion, and announced his retirement from World Cup competition.  Nancy Greene of Canada repeated as the women's World Cup overall champion, and announced her retirement from World Cup competition.

For the only time, the results of the Winter Olympics were included in the season standings.  Future Olympic results were not included as World Cup races, nor were World Championship results after 1970.  However, the inclusion of the Olympics was irrelevant to the final outcome, as both Killy and Greene would have won the season titles had the Olympics been excluded.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Hathras Fort
The Hathras Fort, (also known as Raja Dayaram Fort and Shri Dauji Mandi) was constructed by Raja Dayaram Singh in the 18th century. It is located in the city of Hathras in Uttar Pradesh. Commonly known as Kila Gate, Hathras Fort is a popular tourist site, although it is not registered as a tourist place in Uttar Pradesh.

The Siege of Hathras also known as the Hathras Rebellion, took place at the fort between Raja Dayaram, ruler of Hathras, and the British East India Company in February 1817. In the late 20th century, the 200 year old heritage building was turned into a temple of Hindu Lord, Dauji.

Hathras
Hathras (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦaːt̪ʰ.ɾəs]) is a historical city in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of Hathras district, formed on 3 May 1997 by merging parts of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra. It is part of the Aligarh Division.

The primary spoken language is a dialect of Hindi, Braj Bhasha, which is closely related to Khariboli, one of several dialects spoken in the Delhi region. It is known for production of asafoetida.
2003–04 VfB Stuttgart season
VfB Stuttgart debuted in the modern-era 32-team Champions League with a progression from the group stage and a somewhat surprising victory with 2–1 against English champions Manchester United. Ultimately, the tournament ended with a narrow defeat to Chelsea. Kevin Kurányi, Philipp Lahm and Alexander Hleb were key players in a side that only just failed to finish in the top three for the second season in succession. Following an initial eight clean sheets, the attack suffered from only Kurányi being able to score, despite goalkeeper Timo Hildebrand keeping 18 clean sheets.

Philipp Lahm
Philipp Lahm (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlɪp ˈlaːm]; born 11 November 1983) is a German former professional footballer who played as a full-back or midfielder. Widely regarded as one of the greatest full-backs of all time, Lahm was the long-time captain of Bayern Munich, having led them to numerous honours including the UEFA Champions League in 2013 as part of the treble.

Lahm is also a former captain of his national team, which he led to win the 2014 FIFA World Cup, before retiring from international football. He was included in the World Cup team of the tournament in 2006, 2010, and 2014, and the UEFA Team of the Tournament in 2008 and 2012 and in the UEFA Team of the Year 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2014. His 113 appearances, make him the eighth-most capped player in Germany’s history.
Przykop, Olsztyn County
Przykop [ˈpʂɨkɔp] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Purda and 19 km (12 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Warmia.

Purda, Poland
Purda [ˈpurda] is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Purda. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located within the historic region of Warmia.

The historic sights of Purda include the Gothic Saint Michael Archangel church, a typical Warmian old wayside shrine and a Catholic cemetery.

The village was founded in 1384. Polish poet and bishop Ignacy Krasicki visited Purda in 1779.
Tapa (Filipino cuisine)
Tapa is dried or cured beef, pork, mutton, venison or horse meat, although other meat or even fish may be used. Filipinos prepare tapa by using thin slices of meat and curing these with salt and spices as a preservation method.

Tapa is often cooked fried or grilled. When served with fried rice and fried egg, it is known as tapsilog, a portmanteau of the Tagalog words tapa, sinangag (fried rice) and itlog (egg). It sometimes comes with atchara, pickled papaya strips, or sliced tomatoes as side dish. Vinegar or ketchup is usually used as a condiment.

Tinapa
Tinapa is a Filipino term for fish cooked or preserved through smoking. It is a native delicacy in the Philippines and is often made from blackfin scad (Alepes melanoptera, locally called galunggong) or milkfish, (locally called bangus).

Tinapa can produced and sold commercially or prepared at home. The recipe generally involves cleaning the fish, soaking it in brine for several hours (usually 5–6), air-drying, and finally smoking the fish. Common fish used for tinapa include galunggong (scads) and bangus (milkfish).

The term tinapa means "prepared by smoking". Its root,tapa, originally referred to fish or meat preserved by smoking in Philippine languages. During the Spanish colonial period, tapa came to refer to meats preserved by other methods. Tinapa is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian tapa, which in turn comes from Proto-Austronesian Capa.

The term tinapa has also come to describe modern canned sardines in tomato sauce, although these are not always smoked.
Beatrice Chautauqua Pavilion and Gatehouse
The Beatrice Chautauqua Pavilion and Gatehouse is a historic structure in Beatrice, Nebraska. The pavilion was built in 1889 for the Chautauqua movement, which held meetings in Beatrice until 1916. The gatehouse, designed in the Gothic Revival architectural style, was moved to its current location after 1916, and the porch was added circa 1920. The structure has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 9, 1979.

Chautauqua
Chautauqua (/ʃəˈtɔːkwə/ shə-TAW-kwə) is an adult education and social movement in the United States that peaked in popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and spread throughout rural United States until the mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the whole community, with speakers, teachers, musicians, showmen, preachers, and specialists of the day. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is often misquoted as saying that Chautauqua is "the most American thing in America". What he actually said was: "it is a source of positive strength and refreshment of mind and body to come to meet a typical American gathering like this—a gathering that is typically American in that it is typical of America at its best." Several Chautauqua assemblies continue to gather to this day, including the original Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York.
Benton, Tyne and Wear
Benton is an area of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) to the north east of Newcastle upon Tyne. The parish of St Bartholomew, Longbenton, is within the North Tyneside district. The population of the North Tyneside Ward taken at the Census 2011 was 10,359. The area is contiguous with the suburbs of Newcastle.

North Tyneside
North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It forms part of the greater Tyneside conurbation. North Tyneside Council is headquartered at Cobalt Park, Wallsend.

North Tyneside is bordered by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields, Killingworth, Tynemouth and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Wait in the Truck
"Wait in the Truck" (stylized in all lowercase) is a song by American country music singer Hardy featuring American country music singer Lainey Wilson. It was released on August 29, 2022, as the lead single from Hardy's second studio album The Mockingbird & the Crow. The song is a murder ballad about a male protagonist killing an abuser. It is his highest charting single in the US.

Murder ballad
Murder ballads are a subgenre of the traditional ballad form dealing with a crime or a gruesome death. Their lyrics form a narrative describing the events of a murder, often including the lead-up and/or aftermath. The term refers to the content, and may be applied to traditional ballads, part of oral culture.
Stångån
57°54′13″N 15°46′56″E﻿ / ﻿57.90349°N 15.78230°E﻿ / 57.90349; 15.78230

Stångån is a small river in southern Sweden, 185 km long and with a drainage basin of 2440 km2. It flows from the highlands of eastern Småland in the south to lake Roxen in the north. At the outlet near Linköping, the average discharge is 15 m3 per second.

It passes through Vimmerby, Kisa, and Linköping. A great deal of the river is extended to a canal, Kinda Canal. A railway takes the same course as the river.

Roxen (lake)
Roxen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔ̌ksɛn]) is a medium-sized lake in south-central Sweden, east of Lake Vättern, part of the waterpath Motala ström and the Göta Canal. South of Lake Roxen is the city Linköping.

Roxen, especially the western parts, is very good for birdwatching. There are natural reserves at Kungsbro and Svartåmynningen.

The lake develops in a graben depression.
International Club Crosby
The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the "Bing Crosby Fan Club". As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 500 active supporters in major countries around the globe. Monthly Zoom meetings commenced in 2023 and recordings of these can be found on YouTube.

Kathryn Crosby
Olive Kathryn Crosby (née Grandstaff; November 25, 1933 – September 20, 2024) was an American actress and singer who performed in films, primarily under the stage name Kathryn Grant. She married Bing Crosby in 1957 and subsequently appeared on television with him and hosted a talk show, The Kathryn Crosby Show, on which he occasionally appeared, before returning to acting after his death.
VP-94
VP-94 Crawfishers was a Patrol Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve.  Originally established on 1 November 1970 at NAS Belle Chase, Louisiana, it was disestablished in September 2006. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-94, the first VP-94 was redesignated VPB-94 on 1 October 1944.

VPB-94
VPB-94 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 94 (VP-94) on 3 March 1942, redesignated as Patrol Bombing Squadron 94 (VPB-94) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 22 December 1944. It operated the PBY-5A Catalina throughout its operational history.
Gmina Daleszyce
Gmina Daleszyce is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Daleszyce, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 222.18 square kilometres (85.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,713 (out of which the population of Daleszyce amounts to 2,800, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 11,913).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Cisów-Orłowiny Landscape Park.

Daleszyce
Daleszyce [dalɛˈʂɨt͡sɛ] ⓘ is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 2,830 inhabitants as of December 2021. It became a town at the start of 2007. Daleszyce lies among the hills of the Malopolska Upland, in the historic region of Lesser Poland. The area of the town is 15.50 km2 (5.98 sq mi), and due to proximity to Kielce, it is served by buses of Kielce Transit System. Origins of its name are not known, Daleszyce was probably named after its founder, a man named Dalesz or Dalech.
Homunculus (novel)
Homunculus is a comic science fiction novel by American writer James P. Blaylock.  It was published in 1986.  It was the second book in Blaylock's loose steampunk trilogy, following The Digging Leviathan (1984) and preceding Lord Kelvin's Machine (1992).  The book was originally published as an Ace paperback by the Berkeley Publishing Group and is included in the Adventures of Langon St. Ives collection.

Blaylock used the book London Labour and the London Poor by Henry Mayhew to research the period setting.

The Digging Leviathan
The Digging Leviathan is a science fiction novel by American writer James P. Blaylock. It was first published in 1984 by Ace Books. The source was Blaylock's first novel The Chinese Circus, which was never finished.
Mount Osborne
Mount Osborne (78°37′S 84°47′W﻿ / ﻿78.617°S 84.783°W﻿ / -78.617; -84.783) is a mountain (2,600 m) standing 5 nautical miles (9 km) east of Mount Craddock, at the end of a side ridge running from the latter and featuring Sanchez Peak and Stolnik Peak, in the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts Thomas Glacier to the northeast and Saltzman Glacier to the south.

The peak was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Thomas M. Osborne, a Navy builder who helped construct and served at the South Pole Station with the winter party of 1957.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.