hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Las Cruces (1928)
The Second Battle of Las Cruces, or the New Year's Day Battle, was a major engagement during the American occupation of Nicaragua. It was fought on 1 January 1928, during an expedition to destroy a Sandinista fortress. A column of United States Marines and Nicaraguan National Guardsmen were attacked by a superior force of rebels entrenched on Las Cruises Hill and, after a long battle, the Americans and Nicaraguans routed the Sandinistas and captured their positions.

Lewis gun
The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned breech-to-muzzle aluminium heat sink to cool the gun barrel), and top-mounted pan magazine. The Lewis served until the end of the Korean War, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling.
Kudüs Fatihi Selahaddin Eyyubi
Kudüs Fatihi Selahaddin Eyyubi (English: Saladin: The Conqueror of Jerusalem) is a Turkish/Pakistani television series produced by Turkey's Akli Films and Pakistan's Ansari and Shah Films. The series is based on the life of Saladin, the founder of Ayyubid dynasty. The television series started production in summer 2022. The producers asserted that the main target of the series are non-Muslims who are unaware of the Muslim history.

Shirkuh
Asad ad-Dīn Shīrkūh bin Shādhī (Arabic: أسد الدين شيركوه بن شاذي, romanized: ʾasad al-Dīn Šērkōh bin Šāḏī; Kurdish: ئەسەدەدین شێرکۆ، شێرگوێ, romanized: Esed El-Dîn Şêrko, Şêrgûh), (died 23 March 1169) was a Kurdish mercenary commander in service of the Zengid dynasty, then the Fatimid Caliphate and uncle of Saladin. His military and diplomatic efforts in Egypt were a key factor in establishing the Ayyubid dynasty in that country.
Abkhaz Range
Abkhaz Ridge or Chkhalta Ridge (Georgian: აფხაზეთის ქედი, apkhazetis kedi; Abkhaz: Aҧsnytәi ashkhaӡқua, Apsnytvi ridge) — mountain range in Abkhazia, on the southern slopes of Greater Caucasus. Ridge provides drainage divide between the Chkhalta River drainage basin and basins of the Amtkeli, Jambali, Kuabchari and Zimi rivers.

Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains. It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea: from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.
Asian Pacific American Heritage Festival
The Asian Pacific American Heritage Festival, hosted by the Coalition of Asian Pacific Americans in New York City, is one of the largest outdoors celebrations of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month in the United States.

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month (as of 2025, officially changed from Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander Month) is an annually observed commemorative month in the United States. It is celebrated during the month of May, and recognizes the contributions and influence of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States. This demographic group is collectively referred to as Asian Pacific Americans (APA) or Asian American Pacific Islanders (AAPI).

On January 20, 2025, the Trump administration's Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions eliminated federal recognition of the month. The White House Initiative on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders was subsequently dissolved. Nonetheless, on May 16, 2025, the proclamation was issued after all.
F Hydrae
F Hydrae, also known as HD 74395, is a star in the constellation Hydra with an apparent magnitude is 4.64.  It was catalogued as 31 Monocerotis, but this name is now rarely used since the star is now within the boundaries of Hydra.  With about five times the mass of the Sun, it is a relatively low mass yellow supergiant several thousand times more luminous than the Sun.

F Hya is a catalogued as a triple star, with 8th magnitude BD−06°2707 80" away and 13th magnitude companion at 57".

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
Hamburg/ESO Survey
The Hamburg/ESO Survey is an astrometric star catalogue published by the University of Hamburg.  The catalog contains stars between magnitudes 13 and 18 covering the Southern extragalactic sky.

The stated goals of the catalog are

Compile samples of high-redshift (1.5 < z < 3.2), bright Quasi-stellar objects suited for high-resolution spectroscopy (e.g., for the ESO-VLT);

Provide targets for ultraviolet spectroscopy with HST

Discover new gravitationally lensed systems

Construct large flux-limited and bias-free samples of bright low-redshift QSOs and Seyferts for host galaxy studies

Determine the local luminosity function of QSOs

Study the evolution of the most luminous part of the QSO population

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
The Iron Men (album)
The Iron Men is an album led by trumpeter Woody Shaw which was recorded in 1977 but not released on the Muse label until 1980. The Iron Men was reissued by Mosaic Records as part of Woody Shaw: The Complete Muse Sessions in 2013.

Woody Shaw: The Complete Muse Sessions
Woody Shaw: The Complete Muse Sessions is a 7-CD box set compilation of recordings by jazz trumpeter, composer and bandleader Woody Shaw, released in 2013 by Mosaic Records.

The box set includes all nine of Woody Shaw's albums for Muse Records that were originally released during the periods between 1974–1977 and 1983–1987. The collection features an accompanying booklet written by Shaw's son, Woody Louis Armstrong Shaw III, who co-produced the set. Includes new photographs and remastered sound by Malcolm Addey.
George William Symes
Major-General George William Symes, CB, MC & Bar (12 January 1896 – 26 August 1980) was a senior British Army officer who served in the First World War, in which he was twice awarded the Military Cross. During the Second World War he commanded the 70th Infantry Division in India, and was deputy commander of the Special Force, commonly known as the Chindits, in Burma. He was deputy commander of the lines of communication of the 21st Army Group from May to November 1944, and then commanded the lines of communication in South East Asia Command. In June 1945, he became general officer commanding in Southern Burma.

In 1949, he retired from the British Army and emigrated to Australia, where he became one of the first directors of Santos from its initial incorporation in Adelaide on 18 March 1954 until he retired in 1978. He was private secretary to two South Australian Governors, Sir Robert George and Sir Edric Bastyan.

Acting rank
An acting rank is a designation that allows military personnel to assume a higher military rank, which is usually temporary. They may assume that rank either with or without the pay and allowances appropriate to that grade, depending on the nature of the acting promotion. An acting officer may be ordered back to the previous grade.  This situation may arise when a lower-ranking officer is called upon to replace a senior officer, or fill a position higher than the incumbent rank.
National List (Italy)
The National List (Italian: Lista Nazionale) also known as Listone (literally "Big List") was a Fascist and nationalist coalition of political parties in Italy established for the 1924 general election, and led by Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the National Fascist Party.

Italian Nationalist Association
The Italian Nationalist Association (Associazione Nazionalista Italiana, ANI) was Italy's first nationalist political movement founded in 1910, under the influence of Italian nationalists such as Enrico Corradini and Giovanni Papini. Upon its formation, the ANI supported the repatriation of Austrian held Italian-populated lands to Italy and was willing to endorse war with Austria-Hungary to do so. The party had a paramilitary wing called the Blueshirts. The authoritarian nationalist faction of the ANI would be a major influence for the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini formed in 1921. In 1922 the ANI participated in the March on Rome, with an important role, but it was not completely aligned with Benito Mussolini's party. Nevertheless, the ANI merged into the Fascist Party in October 1923.
Empress of Japan
The empress of Japan is the title given to the wife of the Emperor of Japan or a female ruler in her own right. The current empress consort is Empress Masako, who ascended the throne with her husband on 1 May 2019.

Emperor Shōmu
Emperor Shōmu (聖武天皇, Shōmu-tennō; September 22, 701 – June 4, 756) was the 45th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the Nara period.
John Gore (priest)
John Ribton Gore  (3 November 1820 - 20 November 1894) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the nineteenth century.

Gore was born in County Cavan and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained in 1851 and was for many years the incumbent at Dromard. He was Archdeacon of Achonry from 1883 until his death.

His son, John Ellard Gore, was an astomoner.

John Ellard Gore
John Ellard Gore (1 June 1845 – 18 July 1910) was an Irish amateur astronomer and prolific author, and a founding member of the British Astronomical Association.  He was mainly interested in variable stars of which he discovered several, most notably W Cygni in 1884, U Orionis in 1885, and independently discovered Nova Persei.
In 2009, the IAU named a lunar impact crater after Gore.
Rangitoto College
Rangitoto College is a state coeducational secondary school, located on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. Serving years 9 to 13, Rangitoto has a school roll of 4,071 as of October 2025, making it the largest "brick-and-mortar" school in New Zealand (only The Correspondence School is larger, with 9,229 students). Peter Morton is the current temporary Principal after Patrick Gale resigned.

Socioeconomic decile
In the New Zealand education system, decile was a key measure of socioeconomic status used to target funding and support schools. In academic contexts the full term "socioeconomic decile" or "socioeconomic decile band" was used.

A school's decile indicated the extent to which the school draws its students from low socioeconomic communities. Decile 1 schools were the 10% of schools with the highest proportion of students from low socio-economic communities.

This system was implemented in 1995 and later replaced by the Equity Index in January 2023.
JCSAT-1
JCSAT-1 was a geostationary communications satellite designed and manufactured by Hughes (now Boeing) on the HS-393 satellite bus. It was originally ordered by Japan Communications Satellite Company (JCSAT), which later merged into the JSAT Corporation. It had a Ku-band payload and operated on the 150° East longitude until it was replaced by JCSAT-1B.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
Kudra railway station
Kudra railway station is a railway station situated on the Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section under East Central Railway zone. It is located beside Kudra Parsathua Road at Kudra in Kaimur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section
The Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section, formerly Gaya–Mughalsarai section , is a railway line connecting Gaya Junction and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. This 197-kilometre (122 mi) track is part of the Grand Chord, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. This section includes Arrah-Sasaram and Son Nagar branch lines. It is under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway.
Metán Department
Metán is a department located in Salta Province, in Argentina.

With an area of 5,235 km2 (2,021 sq mi) it borders to the north with the departments of General Güemes and Anta, to the east with Anta, to the south with Santiago del Estero Province and Rosario de la Frontera Department, and to the west with Guachipas Department, La Viña Department, and Capital Department.

La Viña Department
La Viña is a department located in Salta Province, in northwestern Argentina.

With an area of 2,152 km2 (831 sq mi) it is one of the smallest departments of the province. It borders to the north with the departments of Cerrillos, and Rosario de Lerma, to the east with Capital Department, to the south with La Viña Department and to the west with the departments of Cachi and San Carlos.
Clarence H. Miller
Clarence H. Miller (August 4, 1930 – June 21, 2019), born in Kansas City, Missouri, was an American professor emeritus of English at Saint Louis University.  He is best known for major contributions to the study of Renaissance literature, and creating the classic translations from Latin of Saint Thomas More's 1516 book Utopia, and Erasmus's 1509 The Praise of Folly.  Utopia is considered one of the most important works of European humanism.  Miller was also Executive Editor of the Yale University Thomas More variorum project, which produced, over a period of decades, the 15-volume Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More.

Notes and Queries
Notes and Queries, also styled Notes & Queries, is a long-running quarterly scholarly journal that publishes short articles related to "English language and literature, lexicography, history, and scholarly antiquarianism". Its emphasis is on "the factual rather than the speculative". The journal has a long history, having been established in 1849 in London; it is now published by Oxford University Press.

The journal was originally subtitled "a medium of inter-communication for literary men, artists, antiquaries, genealogists, etc". It is now subtitled "For readers and writers, collectors and librarians". Its motto was once "When found, make a note of", the catchphrase of Capt. Cuttle, a character in Dickens's novel Dombey and Son.

It is the 250th-most-quoted source in the Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.), giving 1,633 quotations, many being first evidence of a word or a particular meaning.
Gunship 2000
Gunship 2000 is a helicopter combat flight simulation video game developed and published by MicroProse as a follow-up to their earlier game Gunship. It was originally released in 1991 for DOS; this version received an expansion in 1992. The Amiga, PC-98, Amiga CD32 and PlayStation versions were released in 1993, 1994 and 1996 respectively (the PlayStation version was retitled as simply Gunship, but was sometimes still referred to as Gunship 2000). A sequel, Gunship!, was released in 2000.

Gunship 2000 significantly enhanced and expanded the features and gameplay from the original Gunship. Besides improved audio and graphics, key areas of change were enhanced terrain, the ability to fly multiple helicopter types, and the ability to command a team of helicopters and their crews.

Combat flight simulation game
Combat flight simulators are vehicle simulation games, amateur flight simulation computer programs used to simulate military aircraft and their operations. These are distinct from dedicated flight simulators used for professional pilot and military flight training which consist of realistic physical recreations of the actual aircraft cockpit, often with a full-motion platform.

Combat flight simulation titles are more numerous than civilian flight simulators due to the variety of subject matter available and market demand. Many free flight simulators, such as the open source Linux Air Combat, Falcon 4.0, Digital Combat Simulator and Rise of Flight, can be downloaded for free off the Internet.
Ana Maria Pavăl
Ana Maria Pavăl (born July 10, 1983) is a Romanian freestyle wrestler, who is playing for the women's 53 kilograms category. Since 2005, Pavăl had won a total of five bronze medals at the European Wrestling Championships. She is a member of CSA Steaua București, and is coached and trained by Simon Constantin and Vasile Vişan.

Paval represented Romania at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 55 kg class. She lost the first preliminary match to China's Xu Li. Because her opponent advanced further into the final match, Pavăl offered another shot for the bronze medal by defeating Kazakhstan's Olga Smirnova in the repechage bout. She progressed to the bronze medal match, but narrowly lost by a fall to Colombia's Jackeline Rentería, finishing only in fifth place.

Xu Li (wrestler)
Xu Li (simplified Chinese: 许莉; traditional Chinese: 許莉; pinyin: Xǔ Lì; born December 17, 1989, in Suzhou, Anhui) is a female Chinese freestyle wrestler who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics and received the silver medal in the 55 kg weight class.

She also placed first at the 2007 Women's Wrestling World Cup.
Cucu Diamantes
Cucu Diamantes is a Grammy nominated Cuban-American singer, songwriter, and philanthropist. Her 2009 debut album Cuculand received a Latin Grammy Nomination for Best Alternative Song, "Más Fuerte". Diamantes is also cofounder and lead singer of Grammy nominated New York City fusion band Yerba Buena. A frequent collaborator, Diamantes has worked with Carlinhos Brown, Yotuel Romero, Lenine, Fat Boy Slim, Meshell Ndegeocello, Vico C, Les Nubians, Rossy de Palma, John Leguizamo, Paulina Rubio, Aleks Syntek, and Beto Cuevas.

Aleks Syntek
Raúl Alejandro Escajadillo Peña (born 29 September 1969), known by his stage name, Aleks Syntek, is a Mexican singer and songwriter. He has earned nine nominations for the Latin Grammy Awards, a Grammy nomination, five nominations for the MTV Latin Awards, and is the winner of three Latin Billboard awards. He has also received an Ariel award from the Mexican Academy of Cinematography for Best Film Music.

As a performer and singer Syntek has released 10 albums receiving Gold and Platinum disc awards for high sales. He has earned special awards such as "The Honor Composer Achievement Award" presented by the Univision Network by actor Edward James Olmos and also "The Music Legacy Award" presented by the North American Society of Composers SESAC. Syntek also starred and pioneered the hit show The Voice in México.
Maine State Route 151
State Route 151 (SR 151) is a 30.5-mile-long (49.1 km) L-shaped state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. Running entirely in Somerset County, it travels from U.S. Route 2 (US 2) in Palmyra to Northeast Somerset, an unorganized territory within the state. It passes through the towns of Hartland, Athens, and Brighton intersecting other state highways in the centers of these towns.

U.S. Route 2 in Maine
U.S. Route 2 (US 2) in the U.S. state of Maine is a principal east–west route through the central portion of the state, extending from the New Hampshire border in Gilead to the town of Houlton less than a quarter mile from the Canadian border.
Hangad
Hangád (Tagalog: "yearning" or "desire") is an inspirational vocal ensemble known for songs like Pananatili, Pagkakaibigan, and Panunumpâ (covered by pop singer Carol Banawa). It consists of former members of Days with the Lord.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Rory McCarthy
Rory McCarthy (born 4 September 1975) is a retired Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club St Martin's and with the Wexford senior inter-county team.  He played in the half-back line.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
1977 Thailand Regional Games
The 11th Thailand National Games (Thai: กีฬาเขตแห่งประเทศไทย ครั้งที่ 11, also known as the 1977 National Games and the 1977 Inter-Provincial Games) were held in Bangkok, Thailand from 11 to 17 December 1977, with contests in 14 sports and athletes from 10 regions. These games were the qualification for Thai athletes in the 1978 Asian Games.

Thailand National Games
The Thailand National Games (Thai: กีฬาแห่งชาติ) is a national multi-sport event held every two years among athletes from all over Thailand. The games were regulated by the Organization of the Sport of Thailand (OST) from the first games in Bangkok, Thailand, from the 1967 games until the 1984 games. Since the 1985 games, they have been organized by the Sports Authority of Thailand (SAT), after the breakup of the Organization of the Sport of Thailand. The games are recognized by the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, and are described as the largest multi-sport event in Thailand.

In its history, twenty-six provinces have hosted the National Games. Seventy-seven provinces have participated in the games, including Bueng Kan, which was the most recent participant, in 2011.

The last games were held in Chiang Rai, Thailand in 2018.