hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Protected areas of Chile
The protected areas of Chile are areas that have natural beauty or significant historical value  protected by the government of Chile. These protected areas cover over 140,000 km2 (54,054 sq mi), which is 19% of the territory of Chile. The National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE by its Spanish acronym) is regulated by law #18,362 passed in 1984, and administered by the National Forest Corporation (CONAF).

There are three types of territories:

National Parks

National Reserves

Natural Monuments

Malalcahuello-Nalcas
Malalcahuello-Nalcas is a protected area comprising two adjoining national reserves: Malalcahuello and Nalcas. It is located in the Andes, in the Araucanía Region of Chile and bordering the Bío-Bío Region.

The landscape of the area is dominated by the volcanoes Lonquimay and Tolhuaca.

The combined Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello-Nalcas covers 313 km2, with the boundary between the Reserva Nacional Nalcas (to the north) and the Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello (to the south) crossing the summit of Lonquimay.

Sandy volcanic soil covers much of the area, with large forested areas dominated by araucaria trees. Widespread logging took place in the 1950s.

A number of trekking paths can be followed, including a route encircling Lonquimay. Many of these start from the administrative centre of the reserve, operated by CONAF, at the village of Malalcahuello.
Grahovo (region)
Grahovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Грахово) is a field and historical region in western Montenegro. The region's area roughly comprises 219 km2, west of Rudine, in the centre between Petrovići and Cuce, from the top of Orjen mountain to the west of the Ostrog Monastery.

Risan
Risan (Montenegrin: Рисан, pronounced [rîsan]) is a town in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. It traces its origins to the ancient settlement of Rhizon, the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor.

Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible limestone cliffs of the Orjen mountain which are the highest range of eastern Adriatic, and through several following narrow straits in the Bay of Kotor from the open sea.

While the Krivošije karst plateau that hangs steep above the narrow shores of Risan bay receives over 5000 mm rain annually (European record), several strong karst springs that form a short brook collect in the narrow cultivable belt at Risan.
Toporivtsi
Toporivtsi (Ukrainian: Топорівці; Romanian: Toporăuți; German: Toporoutz) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Toporivtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Toporivtsi belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Toporivtsi being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion. Toporivtsi rural hromada also included the villages of Hrozyntsi, Kolinkivtsi, and Bochkivtsi, which belonged to Khotyn Raion. After the reform, these villages were transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.

Bochkivtsi
Bochkivtsi (Ukrainian: Бочківці; Romanian: Bocicăuți) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Toporyvtsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Bochkivtsi belonged to Khotyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Khotyn Raion was merged into Dnistrovskyi Raion. However, Bochkivtsi, together with Hrozyntsi and Kolinkivtsi, belonged to Toporyvtsi rural hromada, based in Novoselytsia Raion. After the reform, these villages were transferred to Chernivtsi Raion.
UNICOS
UNICOS is a range of Unix and later Linux operating system (OS) variants developed by Cray for its supercomputers. UNICOS is the successor of the Cray Operating System (COS). It provides network clustering and source code compatibility layers for some other Unixes. UNICOS was originally introduced in 1985 with the Cray-2 system and later ported to other Cray models. The original UNICOS was based on UNIX System V Release 2, and had many Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) features (e.g., computer networking and file system enhancements) added to it.

Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).

If the hardware provides multiple rings or CPU modes, the microkernel may be the only software executing at the most privileged level, which is generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel itself and are instead run in user space.

In terms of the source code size, microkernels are often smaller than monolithic kernels. The MINIX 3 microkernel, for example, has only approximately 12,000 lines of code.
Rational unified process
The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is an iterative software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation, a division of IBM since 2003. RUP is not a single concrete prescriptive process, but rather an adaptable process framework, intended to be tailored by the development organizations and software project teams that will select the elements of the process that are appropriate for their needs. RUP is a specific implementation of the Unified Process.

Iterative and incremental development
Iterative and incremental development is any combination of both iterative design (or iterative method) and incremental build model for development.

Usage of the term began in software development, with a long-standing combination of the two terms iterative and incremental having been widely suggested for large development efforts. For example, the 1985 DOD-STD-2167
mentions (in section 4.1.2): "During software development, more than one iteration of the software development cycle may be in progress at the same time." and "This process may be described as an 'evolutionary acquisition' or 'incremental build' approach." In software, the relationship between iterations and increments is determined by the overall software development process.
Basic oxide
Basic oxides are oxides that show basic properties, in opposition to acidic oxides. A basic oxide can either react with water to form a base, or with an acid to form a salt and water in a neutralization reaction.

Examples include:

Sodium oxide, which reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide

Magnesium oxide, which reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride

Copper(II) oxide, which reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
Västra Vemmerlöv Church
Västra Vemmerlöv Church (Swedish: Västra Vemmerlövs kyrka) is a medieval church in Trelleborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It belongs to the Church of Sweden. The church was built during the 12th century, but substantially altered in the 19th century. It still contains several medieval murals and a baptismal font from the time when it was built.

Trelleborg Municipality
Trelleborg Municipality (Swedish: Trelleborgs kommun) is the southernmost municipality of Sweden, in Skåne County. Its seat is located in the city Trelleborg.

The present municipality was created in 1967 through the amalgamation of the City of Trelleborg with five rural municipalities. It consists of over thirty original local government units.

The municipality boasts 35 kilometers of predominantly sandy beach in the south, beech woods to the north, and in between one of the most fertile soils in the world.
Amphiagrion
Amphiagrion is a genus of damselflies in the family Coenagrionidae. The males are bright red with some black; the females are duller. The genus is confined to North America.

The genus contains the following species:

Amphiagrion abbreviatum (Selys, 1876) - western red damsel

Amphiagrion saucium (Burmeister, 1839) - eastern red damsel

Amphiagrion saucium
Amphiagrion saucium, the eastern red damsel, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Amphiagrion saucium is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

pair

Male

from above

Male note the secondary genitalia, the hamulus

female

Media related to Amphiagrion saucium at Wikimedia Commons
Iris farreri
Iris farreri is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from 
China. It has grey-green leaves, long stem and 1 or 2 violet, lilac or light blue flowers. It has undergone several changes of name and series, before being left as Iris farreri.

Iris graminea
Iris graminea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the subgenus Limniris of the genus Iris, in particular the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with purple or violet blue flowers almost hidden by narrow, grass-like leaves, and a plum scented fragrance. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It has several common names, including grass-leaved flag, grass leaved iris, plum iris and plum tart iris (due to its scent). This species naturally occurs in the southern half of Europe, from Spain and France in the West to Russia and the Caucasus in the East.
Elizabeth Bartlett (American poet)
Elizabeth Bartlett (July 20, 1911 – August 12, 1994) was an American poet and writer noted for her lyrical and symbolic poetry, creation of the new twelve-tone form of poetry, founder of the international non-profit organization Literary Olympics, Inc., and known as an author of fiction, essays, reviews, translations, and as an editor.

Allen Tate
John Orley Allen Tate (November 19, 1899 – February 9, 1979), known professionally as Allen Tate, was an American poet, essayist, social commentator, and poet laureate from 1943 to 1944. Among his best known works are the poems "Ode to the Confederate Dead" (1928) and "The Mediterranean" (1933), and his only novel The Fathers (1938). He is associated with New Criticism, the Fugitives and the Southern Agrarians.
5 Years of Mau5
5 Years of Mau5 is a greatest hits and remix album by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5. It was released on November 24, 2014, in celebration of the five-year anniversary of his label, Mau5trap. Like his previous studio album, While(1<2) the retrospective was released in double disc format. The first disc acts as a greatest hits album encompassing highlights from the past five years of his back catalog, while the second disc serves as a remix album featuring exclusive and new remixes from various artists. The album artwork features a combination of the 'Mau5heads' used in the cover art of his first four studio albums released through the label: Random Album Title, For Lack of a Better Name, 4×4=12 and Album Title Goes Here.

Remix album
A remix album is an album consisting of remixes or rerecorded versions of an artist's earlier released material. The first act who employed the format was American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson (Aerial Pandemonium Ballet, 1971). As of 2007, the best-selling remix album of all time is Michael Jackson's Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997).
World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the Arab States
Under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, there are 31 biosphere reserves recognised as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the African States and Arab States. These are distributed across 12 countries in the region as of March 2018.

World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated areas of high biological and cultural diversity, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development). They are created under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).
Albinovana gens
The gens Albinovana was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are known to have held any of the higher offices of the Roman state, and hardly any are mentioned in history.  The family is perhaps best known from Publius Albinovanus, an infamous participant in the civil war between Marius and Sulla, and from the first-century poet Albinovanus Pedo.  A number of Albinovani are known from inscriptions.

Florus
Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, the Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all). As to whether these were composed by the same person, or set of people, is unclear, but the works are variously attributed to:

Publius Annius Florus, described as a Roman poet and rhetorician.

Julius Florus, described as an ancient Roman poet, orator, and author who was born around 74 AD and died around 130 AD Florus was born in Africa, but raised in Rome.

Lucius Annaeus Florus (circa 74 – 130 AD), a Roman historian, who lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian and was also born in Africa.
Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.

Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication. When used to address infertility, ART may also be referred to as fertility treatment. ART primarily belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility Some forms of ART may be used about fertile couples for genetic purposes (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis). ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART.
The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider, as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments or with behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits.
Luna bar
LUNA Bars is a brand of nutrition bars created by Clif Bar & Company in 1999. The initial product introduced was one of the first energy bars primarily targeted at women. Over time, the brand has expanded to encompass a range of drinks, protein bars, and the philanthropic initiative known as LUNAFEST, a women's film festival.

Energy bar
Energy bars are supplemental snack bars containing cereals, micronutrients, and flavor ingredients intended to supply quick food energy. Because most energy bars contain added protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and other nutrients, they may be marketed as functional foods. Manufacturing of energy bars may supply nutrients in sufficient quantity to be used as meal replacements.
Addy Bucek
Addy Elizabeth Bucek (born 30 December 1960) is an Australian sailor. She competed in the women's two-person 470 dinghy class for Australia at two Olympic Games.

Bucek began sailing as a child, competing with her brother Frank Bucek as skipper in the cadet dinghy class. In 1974 they won the  Cadet World Championships in Tróia, Portugal.

At the Barcelona 1992 Olympics, with Jeni Lidgett as skipper, she finished 9th in the 470 event. At Savannah, Georgia, the 1996 Olympic sailing venue, she and Lidgett finished 8th in the 470 event.

The 470 World Championships in Toronto, Canada 1995 saw Lidgett and Bucek finish 12th.

Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's 470
The Women's 470 Class Competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics was held from 27 July to 4 August 1992, in Barcelona, Spain. Points were awarded for placement in each race. The best six out of seven race scores did count for the final placement.
Thenral Nagar
Thenral Nagar is a township in Tiruvannamalai Taluk in Tiruvannamalai District in Tamil Nadu State. Melathikkan is 2.6 km far from its Taluk Main Town Tiruvannamalai. It is located 2.9 km distance from its District Main City Tiruvannamalai. It is located 158 km distance from its State Main City Chennai.

Near-by towns and panchayats with distance are Tiruvannamalai (2.9 km), Thenmathur (3.3 km), So.Kilnachipattu (3.4 km), Chinnakangiyanur (3.8 km) and Nallavanpalayam (4.3 km). Towns Near By Tiruvannamalai (2.6 km), Thandrampet (15.3 km), Thurinjapuram (19.9 km) and Keelpennathur (21.8 km).

Melathikkan
Melathikkan is a township in Tiruvannamalai Taluk in Tiruvannamalai District in Tamil Nadu State. Melathikkan is 2.6 km far from its Taluk Main Town Tiruvannamalai. Melathikkan is located 2.9 km distance from its District Main City Tiruvannamalai. It is located 158 km distance from its State Main City Chennai.

Nearby towns and panchayats with distance are Tiruvannamalai (2.9 km), Thenmathur (3.3 km), So.Kilnachipattu (3.4 km), Chinnakangiyanur (3.8 km), Nallavanpalayam (4.3 km). Towns nearby Tiruvannamalai (2.6 km), Thandrampet (15.3 km), Thurinjapuram (19.9 km), Keelpennathur (21.8 km).
Figurative palanquin
A figurative palanquin connected with the totem of its owner is a special kind of litter used in the Greater Accra Region in Ghana. These palanquins called in the Ga language okadi akpakai belong to the royal insignias and are used only by the Ga kings or mantsemei and their sub-chiefs when they are carried in public at durbars and festivals like Homowo. With these figurative palanquins the Ga create ethnic differences between themselves and their Akan neighbours that only use simple boat- or chair-shaped litters.

Greater Accra Region
The Greater Accra Region has the smallest area of Ghana's 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 3,245 square kilometres. This is 1.4 per cent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region, with a population of 5,455,692 in 2021, accounting for 17.7 per cent of Ghana's total population.

The Greater Accra region is the most urbanized region in the country, with 87.4% of its total population living in urban centres. The capital city of Greater Accra Region is Accra which is at the same time the capital city of Ghana.
Tsondab River
The Tsondab River is an ephemeral river in the Hardap Region of central Namibia. Its source is in the Remhoogte Mountains. From there it flows westwards through the Namib-Naukluft National Park before evaporating at Tsondabvlei. Inflows of the Tsondab are Diep,
Noab and Koireb. Tsondab's catchment area (including its tributaries) is 3,500 km2 (1,400 sq mi).

Namib-Naukluft National Park
The Namib-Naukluft National Park is a national park in western Namibia, situated between the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and the edge of the Great Escarpment. It encompasses part of the Namib Desert (considered the world's oldest desert), the Naukluft mountain range, and the lagoon at Sandwich Harbour. The best-known area of the park and one of the main visitor attractions in Namibia is Sossusvlei, a clay pan surrounded by dunes, and Sesriem, a small canyon of the Tsauchab. The desert research station of Gobabeb is situated within the park.
Chapter One (restaurant)
Chapter One is a restaurant in Parnell Square in Dublin, Ireland. It is a fine dining restaurant that has been awarded two Michelin stars since 2022. It previously held one star between 2007 and 2021. The Michelin Guide awarded the restaurant the "Red M", indicating 'good food at a reasonable price', in the period 1996–2001.

The restaurant is located in the basement of the Dublin Writers Museum and the Irish Writers’ Centre. The name of the restaurant refers to that.

In 2007 and 2008 the restaurant was completely renovated and modernised. New rules for hygiene and working conditions made that necessary.

On May 21, 2021, The Irish Times announced that chef Mickael Viljanen had entered into a business partnership with head chef and owner Ross Lewis, and would take over as the head chef of Chapter One. Lewis stays on as co-owner.

Dublin Writers Museum
The Dublin Writers Museum was a museum of literary history in Dublin, Ireland.  It opened in November 1991, and was hailed as an "iconic" museum in Dublin. It closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was brought to an end in 2022 without ever reopening.
Proto-Indo-European reduplicated presents
Proto-Indo-European reduplicated presents, being an ancient class of Proto-Indo-European verbs, probably existed as there a variety of such forms in the daughter languages.

There is evidence to support the reconstruction of separate classes of athematic and thematic presents in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). The exact structure of any reduplicated present class in PIE is uncertain, as there are a variety of different accentuation patterns in Vedic and there also inconsistencies regarding the choice of the initial reduplicant between languages such as Ancient Greek and Sanskrit. In general, the class of thematic reduplicated presents may be reconstructed with a fixed ablaut grade and initial i-reduplication, whereas the athematic type shows varying e- and i-reduplication and a more dynamic ablaut.

Jens Elmegård Rasmussen
Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (15 March 1944 – 15 May 2013) was a Danish linguist who served as associate professor of Indo-European Studies and head of the Roots of Europe research center at the University of Copenhagen from its initiation in 2008 until his death. He was an expert on Proto-Indo-European and Indo-European languages in general, especially morphophonemics, but he also published articles on the history of Eskimo–Aleut languages and linguistic diachrony. He supported the Indo-Uralic and Eurasiatic hypotheses.

Elmegård Rasmussen was the leading editor of the international scholarly journal Tocharian and Indo-European Studies (TIES) and chief editor of the book series Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European. He was married to the Danish Indo-Europeanist Birgit Anette Olsen.