hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plectranthus fruticosus
Plectranthus fruticosus, the forest spurflower, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to Mozambique, Eswatini, and South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal, Northern, and Cape provinces. Growing up to 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, it is an erect evergreen shrub, with rounded, hairy leaves, and spikes of soft blue or mauve flowers in summer.

The Latin specific epithet fruticosus means "shrubby".

This plant is found throughout the Western Cape and Limpopo regions, enjoying the moist conditions and dappled shade of forest margins.

It has a long history of cultivation in Europe, where it requires protection from freezing temperatures. Several cultivars are available, of which the pink-flowered 'James' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
4th New York State Legislature
The 4th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from September 7, 1780, to July 1, 1781, during the fourth year of George Clinton's governorship, first at Poughkeepsie, then at Albany, and finally at Poughkeepsie again.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Manapparai Assembly constituency
Manapparai is a state assembly constituency in Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, India newly formed after the constituency delimitation in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 138. It is included in Karur Lok Sabha constituency for Lok Sabha elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

Tiruchirappalli district
Tiruchirappalli district is one of the 38 districts, located along the Kaveri River, in Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the district is the city of Tiruchirappalli.

During the British Raj, the district was referred to as Trichinopoly, and was a district of the Madras Presidency; it was renamed upon India's declaration of independence in 1947. The district is spread over an area of 4,404 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi) and had a population of 2,722,290 in 2011.
Discrete fixed-point theorem
In discrete mathematics, a discrete fixed-point is a fixed-point for functions defined on finite sets, typically subsets of the integer grid .

Discrete fixed-point theorems were developed by Iimura, Murota and Tamura, Chen and Deng and others. Yang provides a survey.

Integrally convex set
An integrally convex set is the discrete geometry analogue of the concept of convex set in geometry.

A subset X of the integer grid  is integrally convex if any point y in the convex hull of X can be expressed as a convex combination of the points of X that are "near" y, where "near" means that the distance between each two coordinates is less than 1.
Manning's School
Manning's School  in Savanna-la-Mar, Westmoreland, Jamaica, which started offering classes in 1738, is the oldest continuously operating high school in Jamaica. The school's motto is  rendered in latin "Vita sine litteris mors est  " its English translation being "Life without learning is death."

There is often debate whether Manning's or Wolmer's Trust School for Boys, one of the Wolmer's Schools is the oldest in Jamaica or the oldest continuously operating high school in Jamaica. Thomas Manning (who bequeathed the land and initial funding for Manning's in 1710 ) did so before John Wolmer (who's will at his death, provided for the monies to fund Wolmer's in 1729).  Manning's continued without ceasing since its doors were first opened, whilst Wolmer's record provides that for two years (1755-1757) its doors were closed.

Wolmer's Schools
Wolmer's Schools, also referred to as Wolmer's Trust Group of Schools, is located in Kingston, Jamaica and currently consists of Wolmer's Pre-School, Wolmer's Preparatory School and two high schools: Wolmer's Trust High School for Boys and Wolmer's Trust High School for Girls. Both high schools are popular choices among Jamaican students taking the Primary Exit Profile (PEP) examinations. While acknowledged as separate institutions, the schools share a school song, crest, and motto, "Age Quod Agis", a Latin phrase that translates as "Whatever you do, do it well". Another English translation is “Whatever you do, do it to the best of your ability”.

Wolmer's Schools closely resemble British schools of the 1950s more than those today, a trend that can be noted of the entire Jamaican schooling system.
Japanese landing craft carrier Nigitsu Maru
Nigitsu Maru (にぎつ丸) was a Japanese "Type A" landing craft carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

It was initially planned as a "Type C" landing craft carrier like Akitsu Maru, but was replanned as a "Type A", without any flight deck and looking like a passenger ship.

Landing craft carrier
Landing craft carriers or landing craft depot ships were an innovative type of amphibious warfare ship developed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, capable of deploying multiple landing craft for ground invasions. Their official designation was "Army Special Purpose Ship" (陸軍特殊船, Rikugun tokushu-sen). The prototype was developed in secrecy under the pseudonyms Ryūjō Maru and Fusō Maru using features later adopted by other navies for dock landing ships and amphibious transport docks. Additional ships were built after combat experience validated the concept, but most were completed after the Japanese invasions of the early war, and used primarily as troopships during later operations. Today's amphibious assault ships bear a strong similarity to this concept.
0/1-polytope
A 0/1-polytope is a convex polytope generated by the convex hull of a subset of d coordinates value 0 or 1, {0,1}d. The full domain is the unit hypercube with cut hyperplanes passing through these coordinates. A d-polytope requires at least d + 1 vertices, and can't be all in the same hyperplanes.

n-simplex polytopes for example can be generated n + 1 vertices, using the origin, and one vertex along each primary axis, (1,0....), etc. Every simple 0/1-polytope is a Cartesian product of 0/1 simplexes.

Proprism
In geometry of 4 dimensions or higher, a proprism is a polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of two or more polytopes, each of two dimensions or higher. The term was coined by John Horton Conway for product prism. The dimension of the space of a proprism equals the sum of the dimensions of all its product elements. Proprisms are often seen as k-face elements of uniform polytopes.
Christopher Scarabosio
Christopher Scarabosio is a sound editor who started working in sound on Gumby Adventures (1988) as a Sound Effects Assistant, and later as a Sound Editor on The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He usually works at Skywalker Sound.

He was nominated at the 80th Academy Awards for the film There Will Be Blood in the category of Best Sound Editing, shared with Matthew Wood. He has, also, received two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing, for his work on Star Wars: The Force Awakens (with Andy Nelson and Stuart Wilson), and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (with David Parker and, again, Stuart Wilson).

Stuart Wilson (sound engineer)
Stuart Wilson is a Scottish sound engineer working in feature films.

He has been nominated for 7 Academy Awards, for the films War Horse in 2012, Skyfall in 2013, Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2016, Rogue One in 2017, Star Wars: The Last Jedi in 2018, 1917 in 2020 and The Batman, winning the award for 1917. He was nominated for a British Academy Film Award for The Constant Gardener in 2006, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 and War Horse in 2012, Skyfall in 2013, Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2016, Star Wars: The Last Jedi in 2018 and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker and 1917 in 2020. He won the award for the later.
Charles K. Williams
Charles Kilbourne Williams (January 24, 1782 – March 9, 1853) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as
Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1834 to 1846 and as 20th governor of Vermont from 1850 to 1852.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Quarterstaff
A quarterstaff (plural quarterstaffs or quarterstaves), also short staff or simply staff is a traditional European polearm, which was especially prominent in England during the Early Modern period.

The term is generally accepted to refer to a shaft of hardwood from 6 to 9 feet (1.8 to 2.7 m) long, sometimes with a metal tip, ferrule, or spike at one or both ends.
The term "short staff" compares this to the "long staff" based on the pike with a length in excess of 10 to 12 feet (3.0 to 3.7 m). The height of the staff should be around the same as the user plus their hand set upright on their head (approximately 8 inches (20 cm)).

Pike (weapon)
A pike is a long thrusting spear formerly used in European warfare from the Late Middle Ages and most of the early modern period, and wielded by foot soldiers deployed in pike square formation, until it was largely replaced by bayonet-equipped muskets. The pike was particularly well known as the primary weapon of Spanish tercios, Swiss mercenaries, German Landsknecht units and French sans-culottes. A similar weapon, the sarissa, had been used in antiquity by Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx infantry.
Diamond Eyes
Diamond Eyes is the sixth studio album by the American alternative metal band Deftones. It was released on May 4, 2010, by Reprise Records. It was the first album to be produced by Nick Rasculinecz, and also the first album to feature bassist Sergio Vega, who replaced original bassist Chi Cheng. An album tentatively titled Eros was originally intended to be the band's sixth full-length release following Saturday Night Wrist (2006), but was not finished due to Cheng entering a coma after a serious car accident that occurred in November 2008, eventually resulting in his death in 2013. The band continued on with Vega as his replacement, and the release of Eros was put on hold in favor of Diamond Eyes in June 2009. Diamond Eyes was a critical and commercial success, peaking within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 and several other international charts; it was the band's highest charting album on the Billboard 200 since their eponymous fourth album, Deftones (2003).

Deftones (album)
Deftones is the fourth studio album by the American alternative metal band Deftones. Released on May 20, 2003, by Maverick Records, the album incorporates trip hop and shoegaze influences. It was the band's last release to be produced by Terry Date until Ohms in 2020. Being one of the most expensive rock albums of all time to record at a budget of $2.5 million, Deftones is the 13th most expensive album ever made.
Johann Casimir Häffelin
Johann Casimir von Haeffelin (3 February 1737, Minfeld - 27 August 1827, Rome) was a Roman Catholic priest in the diocese of Speyer, a cardinal and a major diplomat during the reign of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. As Bavaria's ambassador to the Holy See he negotiated the Concordat of 24 October 1817 between the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Catholic Church under pope Pius VII. He was made titular bishop of Chersonesus on Crete on 28 September 1817 by Pius VII and consecrated in the Maltheserkirche St. Michael in Munich on 11 November that year by the apostolic nuncio Giulio Cesare Zoglio. In the consistory of 6 April 1818 Pius VII also made him a cardinal, with his title being Santa Sabina and then from 1822 Sant'Anastasia - as such he took part in the conclave of 1823 which selected pope Leo XII.

Pope Leo XII
Pope Leo XII (Italian: Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in February 1829.

Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his election to the papacy to his death less than six years later, though he was noted for enduring pain well. He was a deeply conservative ruler, who enforced many controversial laws, including one forbidding Jews to own property. Though he raised taxes, the Papal States remained financially poor.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport
The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to motorsport across the world, mirroring its impact across all sports. Across the world and to varying degrees, events and competitions were cancelled or postponed. Motorsport UK - the governing body for the sport in the UK - announced in March that no sanctioned events would take place until May before extending that to the end of June, due to the UK's lockdown following the spread of COVID-19.

Canadian Tire Motorsport Park
Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport Park and Mosport International Raceway) is a multi-track motorsport venue located north of Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) east of Toronto. The facility features a 3.957 km (2.459 mi), 10-turn road course; a 2.9 km (1.8 mi) advance driver and race driver training facility with a 0.402 km (0.250 mi) skid pad (Driver Development Centre) and a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) kart track (Mosport Karting Centre Inc., previously "Mosport Kartways"). The name "Mosport", a portmanteau of Motor Sport, came from the enterprise formed to build the track.
William Campion (organist)
William Campion was the first Organist of Chichester Cathedral mentioned in the cathedral archives, and was paid 6 s. 8 d. for playing the 'organs in the choir' and 3 s. 4 d. for the 'organs in the Lady Chapel' in the last quarter of 1543 and twice again in 1544.

Semis
The semis (lit. 'half of an as') was a small Roman bronze coin that was valued at half an as. During the Roman Republic, the semis was distinguished by an 'S' (indicating semis) or 6 dots (indicating a theoretical weight of 6 unciae). Some of the coins featured a bust of Saturn on the obverse, and the prow of a ship on the reverse.

Initially a cast coin, like the rest of Roman Republican bronzes, it began to be struck from dies shortly before the Second Punic War (218–201 BC).
Following the Augustan Coinage reforms of 23 BC the semis became the smallest orichalcum (brass) denomination, having twice the value of a copper quadrans and half the value of the copper as. Its size and diameter corresponded directly to the quadrans, so its value was attained from brass having double the value of copper. The coin was issued infrequently and it ceased to be issued by the time of Hadrian (117–138 AD).

In the early Imperial period, a semis could buy a cerae (wax writing tablet).
Willian (footballer, born 1988)
Willian Borges da Silva (born 9 August 1988), known mononymously as Willian, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger or wide midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Grêmio.

Willian began his career at Corinthians before joining Shakhtar Donetsk in August 2007 for a fee of €14 million. During his six years at the club, he won several honours, including four Ukrainian Premier League titles and the UEFA Cup in 2009. In 2013, he briefly signed with Anzhi Makhachkala before moving to Chelsea for £30 million, winning the Premier League and the League Cup in his second season in England. He signed for Arsenal in August 2020 before re-signing for boyhood club Corinthians the following year.

Willian made his debut for Brazil in 2011 and had since represented his country at the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups, as well as the 2015 Copa América, the Copa América Centenario, and the 2019 Copa América, a tournament Brazil won on home soil.

2010 Ukrainian Super Cup
The 2010 Ukrainian Super Cup became the seventh edition of Ukrainian Super Cup, which is an annual football exhibition game contested by the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Top League and Ukrainian Cup competitions.

The match was played on 4 July 2010 in Zaporizhia at the Slavutych Arena which was completely rebuilt four years before.

This year the Super Cup was contested by league winner Shakhtar Donetsk and cup winner Tavriya Simferopol. Shakhtar won it by thrashing Crimeans 7–1.
Vitkovići (Goražde)
Vitkovići is a suburb in the city of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina, around 5 kilometers south of the city centre.

Vitkovići was founded in 1953, a purpose-built new town to serve the then-new FAJ Azot chemical works, one of the largest chemical factories in former Yugoslavia, specialising in nitrogen-based chemicals and with its own a water-purifying works. The original citizens were drawn from all over Yugoslavia and the suburb thus had a very mixed ethnic make-up (now totally changed).

During the Serb-offensive of March–April 1994 it was reported by Bosniak media that the complex's storage tanks of ammonia and ethanol had been booby trapped and would be exploded if attacks continued. Had the threat been carried out this would have been effectively a suicide bombing on an urban scale, but the threats were not eventually carried out.

After the civil war FAJ Azot Vitkovići was divided into five separate industrial complexes for privatisation.

Goražde
Goražde (Serbian Cyrillic: Горажде, pronounced [ɡǒraʒde]) is a town and the administrative centre of the Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of the Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 20,897 inhabitants, while the urban centre has 11,806 inhabitants.
Rail transport in Iceland
As of 2026, Iceland has no railways, although there have been two small locomotive hauled narrow-gauge railways in the past. The main reasons for the lack of railways are the small population outside the capital region and the availability of automobile, bus, and air transportation for inter-city travel.

Several proposals were made for mainline railways in the first half of the 20th century, but none of them proceeded. A 900 mm narrow-gauge railway was used for the construction of the Reykjavík harbour from 1913 to 1928 and was occasionally used for other freight transport during its operation. A diesel-hauled narrow-gauge railway was used during the construction of the Kárahnjúkar hydropower project in the 2000s. In the 2010s, there were new proposals for a light railway system in the capital region and an airport rail link to Keflavík.

Minecart
A minecart, mine cart, or mine car (or more rarely mine trolley or mine hutch), is a type of rolling stock found on a mine railway, used for transporting ore and materials procured in the process of traditional mining. Minecarts are seldom used in modern operations, having largely been superseded in underground operations (especially coal mines) by more efficient belt conveyor systems that allow machines such as longwall shearers and continuous miners to operate at their full capacity, and above ground by large dumpers.
Alfonso Almasqué
Alfonso Almasqué Domènech (23 September 1883 – 5 June 1960) was a Spanish journalist and footballer who played as a midfielder for FC Barcelona. He is the older brother of Alberto Almasqué, who also played for Barcelona, and in doing so, they became the first Catalan brothers in the club's history. He later became a referee, officiating the 1909 Copa del Rey final.

1901–02 Copa Macaya
The 1901–02 Copa Macaya was the 2nd staging of the Copa Macaya. This tournament is best known for being the very first trophy won by the Spanish club FC Barcelona. The competition was held on the road between 22 December 1901 and ended on 12 March 1902.
K. S. Bharat
Kona Srikar Bharat (born 3 October 1993) is an Indian international cricketer who plays as a wicket-keeper batsman for the Indian cricket team and Andhra in domestic cricket. In February 2023, he made his Test debut for India against Australia. In February 2015, he became the first wicket-keeper batsman to score a triple hundred in the Ranji Trophy. In seven Test matches he averages 20.09 with a highest score of 44.

Delhi Capitals
The Delhi Capitals, formerly the Delhi Daredevils, are  a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Delhi that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The franchise is owned by GMR Group and JSW Sports. Its home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium in New Delhi. The team is captained by Axar Patel, and is coached by Hemang Badani. They appeared in their first IPL final in 2020 against Mumbai Indians.
Kinnerton Street
Kinnerton Street is in the district of Belgravia in the City of Westminster, London, England. It had modest origins as a service street for wealthy areas of the Grosvenor Estate and was originally occupied by the animals, servants, shopkeepers and tradesmen who served their richer neighbours. The small side streets on its west side end at the Ranelagh Sewer which was not covered over until 1844. The street was the site of a medical school where the dissecting was carried out for Gray's Anatomy. Later, the street was gentrified.

Belgravia
Belgravia (/bɛlˈɡreɪviə/) is a district in Central London, covering parts of the areas of the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Belgravia was known as the 'Five Fields' during the Tudor Period, and became a dangerous place due to highwaymen and robberies. It was developed in the early 19th century by Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster under the direction of Thomas Cubitt, focusing on numerous grand terraces centred on Belgrave Square and Eaton Square. Much of Belgravia, known as the Grosvenor Estate, is still owned by a family property company, the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor Group, although owing to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967, the estate has been forced to sell many freeholds to its former tenants.

The part of Belgravia that lies in the City of Westminster is a district of Westminster.