hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lewknor
Lewknor is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) south of Thame in Oxfordshire. The civil parish includes the villages of Postcombe and South Weston. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 663.

Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society
The Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society (OAHS) has existed in one form or another since at least 1839, although with its current name only since 1972. Its annual publication, Oxoniensia, has been produced since 1936.
Villejuif leaflet
The Villejuif leaflet, also known as the Villejuif flyer and the Villejuif list, was a pamphlet which enjoyed wide distribution. The leaflet listed a number of safe food additives with their E numbers as alleged carcinogens. The leaflet caused mass panic in Europe in the late 1970s and 1980s. One of the entries on the list was citric acid (E330).

Its name derives from its false claim to have been produced at the hospital in Villejuif.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Masquefa
Masquefa (Catalan pronunciation: [məsˈkefə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Anoia in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the edge of the Penedès Depression on the road between Piera and Martorell. It is served by a station on the FGC railway line R6 from Barcelona via Martorell to Igualada.

Martorell
Martorell (Catalan pronunciation: [məɾtuˈɾeʎ]) is a municipality, county, and city that forms part of the Baix Llobregat comarca, in Catalonia, Spain, primarily known for its medieval Devil's bridge. It lies at the confluence of the Llobregat and Anoia rivers.

It has three railway stations - one on the Renfe line from Manresa to Sant Vicenç de Calders (via Barcelona and Vilafranca del Penedès) called "Martorell", and three on the FGC line from Barcelona to Manresa called "Martorell-Vila", "Martorell-Enllaç" and "Martorell-Central".

Martorell is home to the SEAT corporate headquarters and automobile factory, where the SEAT Ibiza, Leon, Arona and Audi A1 are manufactured.
Homogeneously Suslin set
In descriptive set theory, a set  is said to be homogeneously Suslin if it is the projection of a homogeneous tree.  is said to be -homogeneously Suslin if it is the projection of a -homogeneous tree.

If  is a  set and  is a measurable cardinal, then  is -homogeneously Suslin. This result is important in the proof that the existence of a measurable cardinal implies that  sets are determined.

Measurable cardinal
In mathematics, specifically in set theory, a measurable cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number. In order to define the concept, one introduces a two-valued measure on a cardinal , or more generally on any set. For a cardinal , it can be described as a subdivision of all of its subsets into large and small sets such that  itself is large, the empty set and all singletons  with  are small, complements of small sets are large and vice versa. The intersection of fewer than  large sets is again large.

It turns out that uncountable cardinals endowed with a two-valued measure are large cardinals whose existence cannot be proved from ZFC.

The concept of a measurable cardinal was introduced by Stanisław Ulam in 1930.
Rock and the Pop Narcotic
Rock and the Pop Narcotic is a 1990 book of popular music criticism by Joe Carducci. (Revised edition 1995.)

Rock and the Pop Narcotic is perhaps the only book of popular music criticism that attempts to achieve a genuine aesthetic of rock music. Other works, such as Richard Meltzer's The Aesthetics of Rock or Simon Frith's Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music, either focus on lyrical content or on the sociology of the music's listeners. Rock and the Pop Narcotic is both a critique of the sociological approach and a polemic in favour of the music's artistic qualities.

The Aesthetics of Rock
The Aesthetics of Rock  is a book by Richard Meltzer (born May 10, 1945). Written between 1965 and 1968, it was first published in 1970 by Something Else Press. In 1987, Da Capo Press published an unabridged second edition, with a new foreword by Meltzer. It is one of the first major works of rock-music criticism and analysis. He wrote it as an undergraduate at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and as a graduate student at Yale University, from which he was, as he relates in his foreword, "kicked out toot-sweet on my rock-roll caboose" for writing papers with rock-music themes for philosophy classes.

Writer Greil Marcus, in his introduction to the Da Capo edition of Aesthetics, maintains that the book is "the best and most obsessive book about the Beatles ever written," and that the work seeks to illuminate "the collapse of art into everyday life, and vice versa."
Kings of Colosseum (2022)
Kings of Colosseum (2022) was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on May 13, 2022, at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The event was the third under the Kings of Colosseum chronology and a television taping for MLW Fusion; the main event aired as part of the season finale on July 14, 2022.

Professional wrestling tag team match types
Much like the singles match, tag team professional wrestling matches can and have taken many forms. Just about any singles or melee match type can be adapted to tag teams; for example, hardcore tag team matches are commonplace. Tag team ladder match and variations are also frequently used as a title feud blow-off match. Stipulations, such as "I quit" or "loser leaves town" may also be applied.

The following are match variations that are specific to tag team wrestling.
Management entrenchment
Management entrenchment is a industry-sociological phenomenon wherein the subordinate management of a company, franchise, or branch binds the efficiency, function, and knowledge of their workplace with their own person, rendering them irreplacable without incurring significant damage to the company as a whole. This phenomenon complicates the process by which a manager's superior can intervene with management, despite the presence or lack of protest.

Management is a type of labor with a special role of coordinating the activities of inputs and carrying out the contracts agreed among inputs, all of which can be characterized as "decision making". Managers usually face disciplinary forces by making themselves irreplaceable in a way that the company would lose without them. A manager has an incentive to invest the firm's resources in assets whose value is higher under him than under the best alternative manager, even when such investments are not value-maximizing.

Takeover
In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer or bidder). In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a public company whose shares are publicly listed, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

Management of the target company may or may not agree with a proposed takeover, and this has resulted in the following takeover classifications: friendly, hostile, reverse or back-flip. Financing a takeover often involves loans or bond issues which may include junk bonds as well as a simple cash offer. It can also include shares in the new company.
Mudiad Adfer
Mudiad Adfer (trans: 'Restoration Movement') was a splinter group of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh language Society) in the 1970s. Taking its Welsh-only philosophy from the works and teachings of Owain Owain and Emyr Llewelyn, it believed in the creation of "Y Fro Gymraeg" - a monoglot region based on the existing Welsh language heartlands in the west of Wales. Adfer slowly disappeared from the scene in the late 1980s.

Cymuned later emerged as a pressure-group in the Welsh-speaking areas of Wales.

Cymuned
Cymuned (translated in English as "community", Welsh pronunciation: [kəˈmɨnɛd]) was a Welsh communities direct action pressure group. The group was established on 11 July 2001 at a conference held at Mynytho Memorial Hall, hosted by Simon Brooks and Twm Morys, along with Plaid Cymru Gwynedd councillor Seimon Glyn. It campaigned on behalf of local communities in Wales, particularly (but not exclusively) Welsh-speaking and rural ones, which it perceived to be under threat due to demographic change. The organisation has been characterised as Welsh nationalist, and critics have accused its rhetoric as being anti-English in nature, although this has been disputed.
Henry Robson Bowman
Henry Robson Bowman (June 16, 1896 – November 5, 1954) was a political figure in British Columbia. He represented Fort George in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1949 to 1952 as a Liberal.

He was born in Mount Forest, Ontario, the son of William Robert Bowman and Mary Adeline Teskey, and was educated at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1928, Bowman married Marian Edna Potter. He was Colonization and Agriculture Superintendent for the Canadian National Railway. Bowman was president of the Board of Trade for Fort George. From 1949 to 1952, he served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Agriculture. In 1952, he also served as Minister of Fisheries and Minister of Railways. Bowman was defeated by Llewellyn Leslie King when he ran for reelection in 1952. He died in Victoria at the age of 57.

Llewellyn Leslie King
Llewellyn Leslie King (April 8, 1909 – July 29, 2000) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1952 to 1953 for the electoral district of Fort George, a member of the Social Credit party.
Federal Horticultural Show 2011
The Federal Horticultural Show 2011 (German: Bundesgartenschau 2011) was held from 15 April to 16 October 2011 in Koblenz, Germany. It was the first Federal Horticultural Show in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Venues had been the plateau in front of the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress, the square in front of the Electoral Palace and flower beds in the area around the Deutsches Eck. One of its attractions was the cable car over the Rhine, which was established as an ecologically sound transport connection. It connects the Rhine shores near the Basilica of St. Kastor with the plateau in front of the fortress. Unlike previous garden shows, the staging area in Koblenz was mainly in the centre of the city and directly affected the local population. In addition to the prestige of hosting a Federal Horticultural Show, Koblenz benefited to a much greater extent from the associated urban development.

Deutsches Eck
The Deutsches Eck (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃəs ˈʔɛk] ⓘ, "German Corner") is the name of a promontory in Koblenz, Germany, where the Mosel river joins the Rhine. Named after a local commandry of the Teutonic Order, it became known for a monumental equestrian statue of William I, first German Emperor, dedicated in 1897 in appreciation of his role in the unification of Germany. One of many Emperor William monuments raised in the Prussian Rhine Province, it was dismantled on the orders of the French military government immediately after the Second World War, and only the plinth was preserved as a memorial. Following German reunification, a replica of the statue was erected on the pedestal after controversial discussions in 1993. It is today a Koblenz landmark and a popular tourist attraction.
Dionycha
The Dionycha are a clade of spiders (Araneomorphae:Entelegynae), characterized by the possession of two tarsal claws with tufts of hairs (setae) beside them, which produce strong adhesion, enabling some species to climb glass. The circumscription of the group has varied widely; a 2021 analysis resulted in about 20 families, including Salticidae (jumping spiders), Gnaphosidae (ground spiders), and Clubionidae.

The Dionycha are considered to be a subgroup of the larger RTA clade. Most species hunt their prey instead of building webs.

There are no cribellate members in the Dionycha.

Today it is thought that the reduction of the third claw present in ancestral spiders evolved several times independently, so this alone is not a criterion that defines the clade.

Entelegynae
The Entelegynae or entelegynes are a subgroup of araneomorph spiders, the largest of the two main groups into which the araneomorphs were traditionally divided. Females have a genital plate (epigynum) and a "flow through" fertilization system; males have complex palpal bulbs. Molecular phylogenetic studies have supported the monophyly of Entelegynae (whereas the other traditional subgroup, the Haplogynae, has been shown not to be monophyletic).

The clade contains both cribellate and ecribellate spiders.
Allwood Green
Allwood Green is an area in Suffolk, England. It is not a village or parish itself but was once the largest common in the county extending into five parishes; Gislingham, Finningham, Walsham-le-Willows and the two Ricklinghalls, Inferior and Superior. It is not mentioned in Domesday Book as the area would most likely have been heavily wooded virgin forest. It is mentioned in a licence of 1332 to "close a waye leading from Merssh to Aldewodegrene". Nothing now remains as it was completely enclosed under the Enclosure of Commons Act 1818. Allwood Piggeries sits on a side road off the Finningham to Rickinghall Superior road the B1113 at OS  ref - TM048723.

Walsham le Willows
Walsham le Willows is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district, in Suffolk, England, located around 3 miles (4 km) south-east of Stanton. Queen Elizabeth I granted Walsham le Willows to Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, in 1559. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1213.

Because the village is documented unusually fully in surviving records of the time, the Cambridge historian John Hatcher chose to use it as the setting for his semi-fictionalised account of the effects of the mid-14th century plague epidemic in England, The Black Death: A Personal History (2008).

Sacrifice Pole

Dating from ancient time, a wooden beam has been stored in buildings around the village. Each year, at the start of February, around the time of Imbolc the wood is moved to a new building. The name Sacrifice Pole may relate to the era of plague but, equally, may not.
Billabong Pro Teahupoo 2017
The Billabong Pro Teahupoo 2017 was an event of the Association of Surfing Professionals for 2017 World Surf League.

This event was held from 11 to 22  August at Teahupo'o, (Tahiti, French Polynesia) and opposed by 36 surfers. The winner of the competition was Julian Wilson, who defeated Gabriel Medina in the final. The Tahitian competitors were both eliminated in the first two rounds.

2017 World Surf League
The 2017 World Surf League Championship Tour (CT) is a professional competitive surfing league run by the World Surf League. Men and women compete in separate tours with events taking place from late February to mid-December, at various surfing locations around the world.

Surfers receive points for their best events. The surfer with the most points at the end of the tour (after discarding their two worst results) is announced the 2017 World Surf League Champion.
1960 1000 km Nürburgring
The VI. Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen took place on 22 May, on the Nürburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was also the third round of the FIA GT Cup.

1960 World Sportscar Championship
The 1960 World Sportscar Championship was the eighth FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was contested over a five race series commencing 31 January 1960 and ending 26 June 1960.

The championship was won by Ferrari.
Mart Poom
Mart Aro Poom (born 3 February 1972) is an Estonian football coach and former professional player who is regarded as one of the greatest Estonian footballers of all time. He is the goalkeeping coach of the Estonia national team.

Poom played as a goalkeeper for Lõvid, Sport Tallinn, KuPS, Flora, Wil, Portsmouth, Derby County, Sunderland, Arsenal, and Watford. Poom made his international debut on 3 June 1992 in the Estonia national team's first official match since restoration of independence, a 1–1 draw against Slovenia in a friendly. He made a total of 120 appearances for Estonia and was the team's captain. Poom won the Estonian Footballer of the Year award six times, in 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 and 2003, the second highest number of times won, behind only Ragnar Klavan. In November 2003, Poom was named Estonia's Golden Player. He ended his career on 10 June 2009, after a 0–0 draw against Portugal.

Derby County F.C. Player of the Year
Derby County's Player Of The Season award is voted for by the club's supporters and named in honour of Jackie Stamps (The Jack Stamps Trophy) – who scored two goals in Derby's sole FA Cup final victory in 1946. It was first introduced in the 1968–69 season.
Rake (geology)
In structural geology, rake (or pitch) is formally defined as "the angle between a line [or a feature] and the strike line of the plane in which it is found", measured on the plane.  The three-dimensional orientation of a line can be described with just a plunge and trend.  The rake is a useful description of a line because often (in geology) features (lines) follow along a planar surface.  In these cases the rake can be used to describe the line's orientation in three dimensions relative to that planar surface.  One might also expect to see this used when the particular line is hard to measure directly (possibly due to outcrops impeding measurement).  The rake always sweeps down from the horizontal plane.

Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
Oklahoma State Cowgirls basketball
The Oklahoma State Cowgirls basketball team represents Oklahoma State University–Stillwater and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The team's head coach is Jacie Hoyt, who was hired in March 2022.  The Cowgirls play their home games in the Gallagher-Iba Arena in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

The Cowgirls have made 18 appearances in the NCAA tournament, reaching the Sweet Sixteen on three occasions. Oklahoma State has also won three conference titles, all of which came during their time in the Big Eight Conference.

Gallagher-Iba Arena
Gallagher-Iba Arena, also known as "The Rowdiest Arena in the Country" and "The Madison Square Garden of the Plains”, is the basketball and wrestling venue at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States. Originally completed in 1938 and named the 4-H Club and Student Activities Building, it was soon renamed Gallagher Hall to honor wrestling coach Ed Gallagher. After renovations in 1987, the name became Gallagher-Iba Arena, as a tribute to longtime basketball coach and innovator Henry Iba.
Stemming
In linguistic morphology and information retrieval, stemming is the process of reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their word stem, base or root form—generally a written word form. The stem need not be identical to the morphological root of the word; it is usually sufficient that related words map to the same stem, even if this stem is not in itself a valid root. Algorithms for stemming have been studied in computer science since the 1960s. Many search engines treat words with the same stem as synonyms as a kind of query expansion, a process called conflation.

A computer program or subroutine that stems word may be called a stemming program, stemming algorithm, or stemmer.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
2025 Kia Open Barranquilla
The 2025 Kia Open Barranquilla was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Barranquilla, Colombia between 11 and 16 August 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Dongfeng DMU
The Dongfeng diesel multiple unit, also known as the Dongfeng motor coach, and NM1, was a DMU of Ministry of Railways, and was also the first diesel-hydraulic power car and double deck passenger car of China, built by Qingdao Sifang in 1958. The train consisted two motors and four double deck trailers, and was designed for short, commuter services. Each motor has two DV12A high speed diesel engines, and has the SF2006-1 hydraulic transmission. As the set had numerous flaws, it never entered mass production, but the valuable experience gained in the design and manufacturing process was later applied to the DFH1 and Red Star-class locomotive, while the passenger cars designs were later further developed for double deck trains such as the NZJ.

China Railways DFH mainline locomotives
The China Railways DFH1 (Chinese: 东方红1) was a type of 4-axle B'B' single-cab diesel-hydraulic locomotive used on mainline passenger services; the DFH3 (Chinese: 东方红3) was a later development of a similar design but with two driving cabs.

The China Railways DFH4 (Chinese: 东方红4) was a 6-axle high-powered freight and passenger locomotive, it did not reach mass production.