hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Colombian student protests
The 2011 Colombian student protests consisted of a series of demonstrations led by students, some teachers, university employees, and unions, which started on October 12. These demonstrations took place throughout the Colombian territory in protest against the draft of the Higher Education Reform Project presented by the National Government to the Congress of the Republic in October 2011.

Student leader Jairo Rivera had claimed that Colombian education is drifting toward "the Chilean model", which was something he warned against and said that "the Chilean model is the one to not follow".

2011 Colombian student protests and 2011 Chilean student protests leaders have announced a joint bi-national student protest for November 24, 2011. Chilean newspaper The Clinic have pointed out that these two student protests have in common that they broke out in the only two South American countries ruled by right-wing presidents.

Central Union of Workers
The Central Union of Workers (CUT; Spanish: Central Unitaria de Trabajadores) is a Leftist trade union center in Colombia. It was formed in 1986, and is the country's largest union federation, with 546,000 members.

ICTUR reports that nearly 800 members of CUT were murdered between 1987 and 1992.

In 2000 a past president of CUT, Luis Eduardo Garzón was awarded the AFL–CIO human rights award.
Wamanripa (Carampoma)
Wamanripa (Quechua wamanripa Senecio, "the one with the wamanripa", also spelled Huamanripa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 4,600 metres (15,092 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Carampoma District. Wamanripa lies southeast of Wamanripayuq.

Wamanripayuq (Lima)
Wamanripayuq (Quechua wamanripa Senecio, -yuq a suffix, "the one with the wamanripa", also spelled Huamanripayoc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches an altitude of approximately 5,000 metres (16,404 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Carampoma District. Wamanripayuq lies east of Awqa Pallqa.
Cryptal Darkness
Cryptal Darkness were an Australian doom metal band from Melbourne featuring Mark Kelson, now of The Eternal and InSomnius Dei and for a short period, former My Dying Bride/Cradle of Filth member, Martin Powell.

Paramaecium
Paramaecium (sometimes typeset as Paramæcium) was an Australian death-doom metal band formed in 1991, one of the few doom metal bands that focus on Christian lyrical themes and Christian concepts. According to Doom-metal.com, "what sets Paramaecium apart from other bands in the doom metal scene, is the fact that they are the only Christian death/doom band that made it to the top of the genre." There is use of symphonic instrumentation like flutes, cellos and violins on some albums.
Antonio La Bruna
Antonio La Bruna (born 28 December 1959) is an Italian wrestler. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics, where he lost to eventual Olympic champion Randy Lewis. He was also previously an Italian sambo champion.

He is presently a coach for the Livorno Wrestling Group.

Randy Lewis (wrestler)
Randall Scott Lewis (born June 7, 1959) is an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, where he won the gold medal in freestyle wrestling in the featherweight class. In 1998, Lewis was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
Olga Gnedovskaya
Olga Gnedovskaya (Russian: Ольга Гнедовская; born August 15, 1989) is an Uzbekistani former swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. Gnedovskaya qualified for the women's 100 m backstroke, as Uzbekistan's youngest swimmer (aged 14), at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. She cleared a FINA B-standard entry time of 1:05.42 from the Russian Championships in Moscow. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including Kazakhstan's Anastassiya Prilepa, who shared the same age with Gnedovskaya. She rounded out the field to last place in 1:15.33, nearly 10 seconds off her entry time. Gnedovskaya failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed forty-first overall in the preliminaries.

After her competitive career, Gnedovskaya opened a youth swimming center in Tashkent.

Anastassiya Prilepa
Anastasiya Sergeyevna Prilepa (also Anastassiya Prilepa, Kazakh: Анастасия Сергеевна Прилепа; born March 15, 1990) is a Kazakh swimmer, who specialized in backstroke events. She is a multiple-time Kazakhstan champion in all backstroke distances, and holds two titles at the Asian Age Group Championships.

Prilepa qualified for the women's 100 m backstroke, as Kazakhstan's youngest swimmer (aged 14), at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. She cleared a FINA B-standard entry time of 1:05.43 from the Kazakhstan Open Championships in Almaty. She challenged seven other swimmers in heat two, including Uzbekistan's Olga Gnedovskaya, who shared the same age with Prilepa. She raced to seventh place by a 3.18-second margin behind winner Kiera Aitken of Bermuda in 1:07.55. Prilepa failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed thirty-eighth overall in the preliminaries.
Diocese of Yuanling
The Diocese of Yuanling (Latin: Iuen-limen(sis), Chinese: 沅陵, 辰州) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in the county of Yuanling (Hunan), China. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Changsha, yet depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

It is episcopal seat is vacant since 1968, but has had an apostolic administrator since 2012.

Yuanling County
Yuanling County (simplified Chinese: 沅陵县; traditional Chinese: 沅陵縣; pinyin: Yuánlíng Xiàn) is a county of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Huaihua prefecture-level city.

Located in northwest of the province, Yuanling is in the border locations of Huaihua, Xiangxi, Zhangjiajie, Changde and Yiyang five prefecture-level divisions. The Yuan River flows through it southwest to northeast. The county is bordered to the north by Yongding District, to the east by Taoyuan and Anhua Counties, to the south by Xupu and Chenxi Counties, and to the west by Luxi, Guzhang and Yongshun Counties. Yuanling County covers an area of 5,852 km2 (2,259 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 671,500 and a resident population of 601,800. Yuanling County has eight towns and 13 townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Yuanling Town (沅陵镇).
2015 Detroit Lions season
The 2015 season was the Detroit Lions' 86th in the National Football League (NFL), their 82nd as the Detroit Lions and their second under head coach Jim Caldwell. By Week 7 of the season, the Lions had already lost six games, more than they did in the entire 2014 season. This led to the firing of offensive coordinator Joe Lombardi and two other coaches. After falling to 1–7 the following week, the team fired president Tom Lewand and general manager Martin Mayhew. On November 19, the Lions named Rod Wood as team president. The Lions were eliminated from playoff contention after their loss to the St. Louis Rams in week 14. The team had a 6–2 record in the second half of the season to finish at 7–9, good for third place in the NFC North. One highlight of the season was the Lions beating the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field for the first time since 1991.

Joe Lombardi
Joseph Philip Lombardi (born June 6, 1971) is an American professional football coach and former player who currently serves as a senior offensive assistant for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the offensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos, Detroit Lions, and Los Angeles Chargers. Lombardi also previously served as an assistant coach for the Atlanta Falcons. He is the grandson of Pro Football Hall of Fame Coach Vince Lombardi.
2012 GoDaddy.com Bowl
The 2012 GoDaddy.com Bowl the thirteenth edition of the GoDaddy.com Bowl, an American college football bowl game. Part of the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and one of the 2011–12 NCAA football bowl games, it took place on January 8, 2012, at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. The Northern Illinois Huskies from the Mid-American Conference (MAC) defeated the Arkansas State Red Wolves from the Sun Belt Conference, 38–20.

The first quarter saw the Red Wolves build up a 13–0 lead, but then the Huskies scored 31 unanswered points to put the game away in the second half.

68 Ventures Bowl
The 68 Ventures Bowl is a postseason NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game that has been played annually in Mobile, Alabama since 1999. In 2021, the game was moved from Ladd–Peebles Stadium to Hancock Whitney Stadium, on the campus of the University of South Alabama. The game currently matches teams from the Sun Belt Conference and the Mid-American Conference. Originally known as the Mobile Alabama Bowl during its first two editions, it has since undergone numerous name changes.
1983 Arab Athletics Championships
The 1983 Arab Athletics Championships was the fourth edition of the international athletics competition between Arab countries. It took place in Amman, Jordan from 19–22 August. A total of 39 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 16 for women. The men's 20 kilometres walk was dropped from the programme, having been initiated at the 1981 edition. Although the majority of the races were measured using fully automatic time systems, four track finals were only timed to the tenth of a second due to technical issues.

Arab Athletics Championships
The Arab Athletics Championships (Arabic: البطولة العربية لألعاب القوى) is an event organized by the Arab Athletics Federation. It traditionally occurred every two years. It was not held in 1985 due to the schedule clash with the Pan Arab Games. However, due to the erratic scheduling of the games, both the athletics championships and games athletics competition have been held in the same year on several occasions since 1997. Typically, the championships is rescheduled to earlier in the year as a result. Women's events have been present on the programme since the second edition in 1979. The programme is usually combined although the women competed separately from the men for the tenth edition of the tournament, which was split between 1997 and 1998.
Fencing at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's team foil
The men's team foil was one of eight fencing events on the fencing at the 1976 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourteenth appearance of the event. The competition was held from 24 to 25 July 1976. 63 fencers from 14 nations competed.

One of the gold medalists from West Germany team was Thomas Bach, who went on to serve as President of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025.

Fencing at the 1976 Summer Olympics
At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, eight events in fencing were contested. Men competed in both individual and team events for each of the three weapon types (épée, foil and sabre). Women competed in foil events.

One of the gold medalists from West Germany team was Thomas Bach, who currently serves as President of the International Olympic Committee.
Royal Ballet of Cambodia
The Royal Ballet of Cambodia (Khmer: របាំព្រះរាជទ្រព្យ, Robam Preah Reach Troap, lit. 'Dance of Royal Wealth') is a classical Khmer dance known for its intricate hand movements and elaborate costumes. Historically linked to the Khmer court, it has been performed at various royal ceremonies such as coronations, weddings, funerals, and Khmer holidays. The repertoire includes various ancient Khmer legends.

The ballet faced near extinction during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s but continues to be a significant element of Cambodian cultural heritage. It has been inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists since 2003.

Sangkum
The Sangkum Reastr Niyum (Khmer: សង្គមរាស្ត្រនិយម, Sângkôm Réastrnĭyôm [sɑŋkɔm riəhnijɔm], lit. 'Popular Community'; French: Communauté socialiste populaire), usually translated as Popular (or People's) Socialist Community and commonly known simply as the Sangkum (Khmer: សង្គម, Sângkôm [sɑŋkɔm]; lit. 'Society'  or 'Community'), was a political organisation set up on 22 March 1955 by Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. Though it described itself as a 'movement' rather than a political party (members had to abjure membership of any political group), the Sangkum retained control of the government of Cambodia throughout the first administration of Sihanouk, from 1955 to 1970. Central to the Sangkum ideology were nationalism, conservatism, preserving the monarchy, and a conservative interpretation of Buddhism.
Pronematus pruni
Pronematus pruni is a species of mite belonging to the family Tydeidae. This small oval mite is around 300 μm in length with a smooth body and legs much shorter than the body. It has been recorded on Prunus domestica and Psidium guajava in the vicinity of Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Tydeidae
Tydeidae is a family of acariform mites. As of 2016, it contained over 300 species in three subfamilies, though more species have been discovered since then.

These mites live in a wide range of habitats and there are predatory, fungivorous and scavenging species.
Haemophilia in European royalty
Haemophilia figured prominently in the history of European royalty in the 19th and 20th centuries. Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of the United Kingdom, through two of their five daughters – Princess Alice and Princess Beatrice – passed the mutation to various royal houses across the continent, including the royal families of Spain, Germany and Russia. Victoria's youngest son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, also had the disease, though none of her three elder sons did. Tests on the remains of the Romanov imperial family show that the specific form of haemophilia passed down by Queen Victoria was probably the relatively rare haemophilia B. The presence of haemophilia B within the European royal families was well known, with the condition once popularly termed the 'royal disease.'

Prince Henry of Prussia (born 1862)
Prince Heinrich of Prussia (German: Albert Wilhelm Heinrich; 14 August 1862 – 20 April 1929) was a younger brother of German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II and a Prince of Prussia. Through his mother, he was also a grandson of Queen Victoria. A career naval officer, he held various commands in the Imperial German Navy and eventually rose to the rank of Grand Admiral and the office of Inspector General of the Navy.
Ern Utting
Ernest Benjamin 'Tich' Utting (31 October 1897 – 21 November 1948) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Peter Crimmins Medal
The Peter Crimmins Medal is an Australian rules football award given to the player(s) from the Hawthorn Football Club deemed best and fairest for the season. Peter Crimmins was a rover for Hawthorn, playing from 1966 to 1975. He died of cancer just days after the club's 1976 premiership win.

The voting system, as of the 2022 AFL season, consists of six coaches and assistants awarding votes after each match; players can receive a maximum of 12 votes per game.
Postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Republic of the Congo, a former French colony known as Middle Congo or French Congo, and now often known simply as The Congo.

The Republic of the Congo is a country in central Africa bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly known as Zaire), the Angolan exclave province of Cabinda, and the Gulf of Guinea.

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (French: Afrique équatoriale française, or  AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville.
Thomas H. Herring
Thomas Hughes Herring (August 7, 1812 – July 1, 1874) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from 1857 to 1859. He served as President of the Senate in 1859.

Born in Albany, New York to Thomas and Lucy (Olds) Herring, he graduated from The Albany Academy. Herring went to work as a clerk at Conkling & Herring, the firm of his brother and brother-in-law. At age 21, he was made a partner in the firm. In 1841, Herring retired from the business, but remained active in investing. He became the largest stockholder in the Northern Railroad of New Jersey, serving as its president from 1859 to 1869.

Herring was a resident of Ridgefield, New Jersey.

The Albany Academy
Albany Academy is an independent college preparatory day school in Albany, New York. It enrolls students from Prekindergaten (age 4) to Grade 12. It was established in 1813 by a charter signed by Mayor Philip Schuyler Van Rensselaer and the city council of Albany. In July 2007, the once separate Albany Academy and Albany Academy for Girls merged into The Albany Academies. In 2024, the school launched a unifying brand effort as "Albany Academy."
Abortion in Minnesota
Abortion in Minnesota is legal at all stages of pregnancy and is restricted only to standards of good medical practice. The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled the Minnesota Constitution conferred a right to an abortion in 1995 and the DFL-led Minnesota Legislature passed and Minnesota Governor Tim Walz signed into law a bill in 2023 to recognize a right to reproductive freedom and preventing local units of government from limiting that right. The Center for Reproductive Rights labels Minnesota as one of the most abortion-protective states in the country.

About 10,000 abortions occur each year in the state.

In a 2014 Pew Research Center survey, 52% of Minnesota adults said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases, while 45% said that abortion should be illegal in all or most cases. The 2023 American Values Atlas reported that, in their most recent survey, 67% of Minnesotans said that abortion should be legal in all or most cases.

Jane Elizabeth Hodgson
Jane Elizabeth Hodgson (January 23, 1915, Crookston, Minnesota – October 23, 2006, Rochester, Minnesota) was an American obstetrician and gynecologist. Hodgson received a bachelor's degree from Carleton College and her M.D. from the University of Minnesota. She trained at the Jersey City Medical Center and at the Mayo Clinic.

Hodgson's 50-year career focused on providing reproductive health care to women, including abortions. She opened her own clinic in St Paul, Minnesota and co-founded the Duluth WE Health Clinic (formerly Women's Health Center). In addition to providing medical care to women, Hodgson was also an advocate for women's rights, challenging state laws that restricted access to abortion. She is the only person ever convicted in the United States of performing an abortion in a hospital.
Interning (computer science)
In computer science,  interning is re-using objects of equal value on-demand instead of creating new objects. This creational pattern is frequently used for numbers and strings in different programming languages. In many object-oriented languages such as Python, even primitive types such as integer numbers are objects. To avoid the overhead of constructing a large number of integer objects, these objects get reused through interning.

For interning to work, the interned objects must be immutable, since state is shared between multiple variables. String interning is a common application of interning, where many strings with identical values are needed in the same program.

Flyweight pattern
In computer programming, the flyweight software design pattern refers to an object that minimizes memory usage by sharing some of its data with other similar objects. The flyweight pattern is one of twenty-three GoF design patterns.

In other contexts, the idea of sharing data structures is called hash consing.

The term was first coined, and the idea extensively explored, by Paul Calder and Mark Linton in 1990 to efficiently handle glyph information in a WYSIWYG document editor. Similar techniques were already used in other systems, however, as early as 1988.
Mantis Bug Tracker
Mantis Bug Tracker is a free and open source, web-based bug tracking system. The most common use of MantisBT is to track software defects. However, MantisBT is often configured by users to serve as a more generic issue tracking system and project management tool.

The name Mantis and the logo of the project refer to the insect family Mantidae, known for tracking and feeding on other insects, colloquially referred to as "bugs". The name of the project is abbreviated to either MantisBT or just Mantis.

Bug tracking system
Tracking system or defect tracking system is a software application that keeps track of reported software bugs in software development projects. It may be regarded as a type of issue tracking system.

Many bug tracking systems, such as those used by most open-source software projects, allow end-users to enter bug reports directly. Other systems are used only internally in a company or organization doing software development. Typically bug tracking systems are integrated with other project management software.

A bug tracking system is usually a necessary component of a professional software development infrastructure, and consistent use of a bug or issue tracking system is considered one of the "hallmarks of a good software team".
Kris Yenbamroong
Kris Yenbamroong (Thai: คริส เย็นบำรุง) is a Thai-American chef and cookbook author. Yenbamroong owns the 3 Night + Market restaurants in Los Angeles and 1 in Las Vegas, serving Thai cuisine in the style of kap klaem, the Thai term for "drinking food".

Born and raised in Los Angeles, Yenbamroong studied film at New York University Tisch School of the Arts. He took over his parents' Thai restaurant, Talésai, before opening the first Night + Market on West Hollywood's Sunset Strip in 2010. He was named Food & Wine Magazine's Best New Chef in 2016.

Thai Americans
Thai Americans, formerly referred to as Siamese Americans, are Americans of Thai ancestry. The Thai American population is racially and ethnically diverse, consisting of many Thais who identify as mixed race.
Mary Louise Smith (politician)
Mary Louise Smith (October 6, 1914 – August 22, 1997), a U.S. political organizer and women's rights activist, was the second woman to become chair of a major political party in the United States (the first was Jean Westwood).

Jean Westwood (politician)
Jean Miles Westwood (November 22, 1923 – August 18, 1997) was an American political figure. She was appointed the first female chair of the Democratic National Committee by Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern on July 14, 1972. Between 1976 and 1988, Westwood worked for the presidential campaigns of Terry Sanford, Edward Kennedy, Gary Hart, and Bruce Babbitt.

Born Jean Miles in Price, Utah, she married Richard E. Westwood in 1941. They started a mink farm together in 1951.

Westwood was one of McGovern's advisors who recommended dropping Thomas F. Eagleton from the ticket.