hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menko (chronicler)
Menko or Menco (1213/4 – 1276) was a priest and chronicler. He entered the Premonstratensian abbey of Bloemhof in Wittewierum in 1230 and was ordained as a priest in 1238. Over the next five years he served as vestiarius, cellarer and schoolmaster before being elected Bloemhof's third abbot in 1243. During his abbacy, he wrote a continuation of the Latin house chronicle, Cronica Floridi Horti, begun by the first abbot, Emo. He has an important account of the Frisian crusaders on the Eighth Crusade in 1269–1270. His continuation runs to 1273. He died in 1276. His autograph manuscript survives, as does a later copy of his chronicle with an anonymous continuation down to 1296.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Siege of Turjak
The siege of Turjak or Battle of Turjak (Slovene: bitka za Turjak) was fought between 14 and 19 September 1943 at the Turjak Castle between the Slovene Partisans and the combined forces of Slovene former units of the Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia (MVAC) and Slovene Chetniks. The battle followed the Partisan victory at Battle of Grčarice. Partisans encircled the Turjak castle on 14 September and laid siege to the castle after the defenders refused to surrender. The siege ended on 19 September with a Partisan victory, in part due to the heavy weapons that they had acquired from Italian forces.

Blue Guard (Slovene)
The Blue Guard (Slovene: Plava garda), also known as the Slovene Chetniks (Slovene: Slovenski četniki, Serbo-Croatian: Slovenački četnici), was a Slovenian anti-communist militia, initially under the leadership of Major Karl Novak and later Ivan Prezelj. Their official name was the Royal Yugoslav Army in Slovenia.
Lagoa de Óbidos
The Lagoa de Óbidos is the largest coastal lagoon system on the Portuguese coast. It has a total area of approximately 6.9 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) and an average depth of 2 metres (6.6 ft), with depths ranging from 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft). It is located in the Oeste region and it is bordered by the municipality of Caldas da Rainha to the north and by the municipality of Óbidos to the south.

The lagoon has a predominant NW-SW orientation, with a maximum length of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and a width that varies between 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi). It extends inland through two main channels: the Braço do Bom Sucesso to the west and the Braço da Barrosa to the east. It is connected to two small lakes, Poça do Vau to the south and Poça das Ferrarias to the west.

The lagoon is largely responsible for the development of historic sites, such as Castle of Óbidos. It was designated as a protected Ramsar site in 2025.

Óbidos, Portugal
Óbidos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔβiðuʃ] ⓘ; Proto-Celtic: *Eburobrittium) is a town  and a municipality in the Oeste region, historical province of Estremadura and the Leiria district. The town proper has approximately 3,100 inhabitants. The municipality population in 2011 was 11,772 covering an area of 141.55 square kilometres (54.65 square miles).
Grantola
Grantola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Varese.

The municipality of Grantola contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bellaria, Motta, Montebello, and Vicema.

Grantola borders the following municipalities: Cassano Valcuvia, Cugliate-Fabiasco, Cunardo, Ferrera di Varese, Mesenzana, Montegrino Valtravaglia.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Aero (motorcycle)
The Aero was the creation of Narazo Shamazu, who had built motorcycles under the NS name prior to World War I. The Aero was manufactured between 1925 and 1927, and featured 250cc and 633cc single-cylinder engines.

NS Motorcycle
The NS motorcycle, made by Narazo Shimazu in 1909, was the first motorcycle to be designed, built and sold in Japan. Shimazu created the Nihon Motorcycle Company (NMC) to manufacture the NS. In 1926 he then produced another new motorcycle design, the Arrow First. The earliest motorcycle that the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (in Japanese) includes on its list of the 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology is the 1909 NS.
2002 Strait of Gibraltar terror plot
In May and June 2002, Moroccan authorities arrested several people in connection with an Al-Qaeda plot to attack American and British naval ships and shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. Three Saudi Arabians were arrested for the plot, followed by several Moroccan Islamists, many members of Salafia Jihadia.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
The Daily Reporter (Coldwater)
The Daily Reporter is a daily newspaper published in Coldwater, Michigan, in the United States. It is owned by USA Today Co. Former owner GateHouse Media acquired the paper from Independent Media Group in 2000.

In addition to Coldwater, the paper covers several other cities and villages in Branch County, Michigan, including Bronson, Quincy and Union City.

The newspaper was founded in December 1895.

Branch County, Michigan
Branch County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 44,862. The county seat is Coldwater. One of the "cabinet counties", it was named for John Branch, U.S. Secretary of the Navy under President Andrew Jackson. The county was founded in 1829, and was organized in 1833. Branch County comprises the Coldwater, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Lymphad
A lymphad  or galley is a charge used primarily in Scottish heraldry. It is a single-masted ship propelled by oars.  In addition to the mast and oars, the lymphad has three flags and a basket. The word comes from the Scottish Gaelic long fhada, meaning a long ship or birlinn. It usually indicates a title associated with islands, such as Lord of the Isles, specifically those on the west coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides – but is not limited to Scottish arms: prominent examples including the coats of arms of New Zealand and New Brunswick.

Although the drawing of the lymphad for heraldic design purposes naturally became standardized, there are minor differences. These usually involve the position of the sails and oars and the tincture of the flags. There are other variations as well, such as the tincture of the ship. Additionally, the basket may be afire and a crew may be depicted.

Scottish heraldry
Heraldry in Scotland, while broadly similar to that practised in England and elsewhere in western Europe, has its own distinctive features. Its heraldic executive is separate from that of the rest of the United Kingdom.
Solicoccozyma terrea
Solicoccozyma terrea (synonym Cryptococcus terreus) is a species of fungus in the family Piskurozymaceae. It is only known from its yeast state. In this state, it can use glucose, lactose, galactose and potassium nitrate. The cells are oval with mucous capsules. Cultures of the yeast are cream at first, becoming tan with a “tough” surface skin. No mycelium is present.

Piskurozymaceae
The Piskurozymaceae are a family of fungi in the order Filobasidiales. Most species are only known from their yeast states, but some produce filamentous sexual states with basidia that are parasitic on other fungi. The family currently contains two genera.

The genus name of Piskurozyma is in honour of Jure Piškur (1960-2014), who was a Slovenian molecular geneticist from the University of Copenhagen.
Environment Protection Authority (South Australia)
The Environment Protection Authority South Australia (EPA) is South Australia's environmental regulator. The EPA is an independent statutory authority, established in 1995 under the Environment Protection Act 1993 (EP Act). The EPA's role is to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of pollution and waste on South Australians and their environment.

Environment Protection Act 1993
The Environment Protection Act 1993 is a law in the Australian state of South Australia "to provide for the protection of the environment; to establish the Environment Protection Authority and define its functions and powers; and for other purposes."
Keilhaubreen
Keilhaubreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about five kilometers and is located north of Keilhaufjellet, flowing from Sørkappfonna towards the eastern coast of Spitsbergen. The glacier is named after Norwegian geologist Baltazar Mathias Keilhau. To the south of the glacier is the bay Austerbogen.

Sørkappfonna
Sørkappfonna is a glaciated area in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about fourteen kilometers, and a width of about five kilometers. The glacier debouches both into Stormbukta at the western coast, and into Isbukta at the eastern coast of Spitsbergen.
Carlos Secretário
Carlos Alberto de Oliveira Secretário (born 12 May 1970) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played mainly as a right-back, currently a manager.

In a 17-year career, in which he appeared in 341 Primeira Liga games and scored 12 goals, he played for six clubs in his country including Porto, with which he won 16 major titles. He also briefly represented Real Madrid.

Secretário played more than 30 times with the Portugal national team, representing the country in two European Championships. In 2007, he started working as a coach.

2018–19 Championnat National 2
The 2018–19 Championnat National 2 is the 21st season of the fourth tier in the French football league system in its current format. The competition is contested by 64 clubs split geographically across 4 groups of 16 teams each. The teams included amateur clubs (although a few are semi-professional) and the reserve teams of professional clubs.
Virginia Dwan
Virginia Dwan (October 18, 1931 – September 5, 2022) was an American art collector, art patron, philanthropist, and founder of the Dwan Light Sanctuary in Montezuma, New Mexico. She was the owner and executive director of Dwan Gallery, Los Angeles (1959–1967) and Dwan Gallery New York (1965–1971), a contemporary art gallery closely identified with the American movements of minimalism, conceptualism, and land art.

Edward Kienholz
Edward Ralph Kienholz (October 23, 1927 – June 10, 1994) was an American installation artist and assemblage sculptor whose work was highly critical of aspects of modern life. From 1972 onwards, he assembled much of his artwork in close collaboration with his artistic partner and fifth wife, Nancy Reddin Kienholz. Throughout much of their career, the work of the Kienholzes was more appreciated in Europe than in their native United States, though American museums have featured their art more prominently since the 1990s.

Art critic Brian Sewell called Edward Kienholz "the least known, most neglected and forgotten American artist of Jack Kerouac's Beat Generation of the 1950s, a contemporary of the writers Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Norman Mailer, his visual imagery at least as grim, gritty, sordid and depressing as their literary vocabulary".
.470 Capstick
The .470 Capstick is a rifle cartridge created by Col. Arthur B Alphin from A-Square in 1990, named after writer and hunter Peter Hathaway Capstick. It is based on a .375 H&H Magnum case blown out and necked to accept a .475 inch (12 mm) bullet. With 500 grain (32 g) bullets, it can achieve 2400 feet per second (730 m/s) muzzle velocity from a 26" barrel.

.458 Lott
The .458 Lott is a .458 caliber rifle cartridge designed for the purpose of hunting large, thick-skinned dangerous game animals in Africa. It is based on the full length .375 H&H Magnum case blown out and shortened to 2.800 inches (71.1 mm).

The .458 Lott was designed in response to perceived inadequacies and problems encountered with the .458 Winchester Magnum. The cartridge provides a distinct step up in performance over the .458 Winchester Magnum. A-Square, Česká Zbrojovka/Brno, Hornady, and Ruger have been instrumental in the cartridge's rise in popularity.
WTLJ
WTLJ (channel 54) is a religious television station licensed to Muskegon, Michigan, United States, serving West Michigan as an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). The station's transmitter is located in Allendale Charter Township in Ottawa County, just southwest of Grand Valley State University. Its signal is relayed on translator station WJGP-LD (channel 26; originally W24BO channel 24) in Kalamazoo.

Until June 2018, the station aired its own locally produced programs, Ask the Pastor and Down Home, from a studio adjacent to its transmitter. This ended with the elimination of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s Main Studio Rule earlier in the year and a decision by TCT's operators to consolidate all programming operations at its headquarters in Marion, Illinois.

Muskegon, Michigan
Muskegon (/məˈskiːɡən/ mə-SKEE-gən) is a city in and the county seat of Muskegon County, Michigan, United States. Situated around a harbor of Lake Michigan, Muskegon is known for fishing, sailing regattas, and boating. It is the most populous city along Lake Michigan's eastern shore. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 38,318. The city is administratively autonomous from adjacent Muskegon Township, and several locations in Muskegon Township and other surrounding townships have Muskegon addresses.

Muskegon is the center of the Muskegon metropolitan statistical area, which is coextensive with Muskegon County and had a population of 175,824 as of the 2020 census. It is also part of the larger Grand Rapids-Kentwood-Muskegon-combined statistical area.
Manchester Art Gallery
Manchester Art Gallery, formerly Manchester City Art Gallery, is a publicly owned art museum on Mosley Street in Manchester city centre, England. The main gallery premises were built for a learned society in 1823 and today its collection occupies three connected buildings, two of which were designed by Sir Charles Barry. Both of Barry's buildings are listed. The building that links them was designed by Hopkins Architects following an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions. It opened in 2002 following a major renovation and expansion project undertaken by the art gallery.

Manchester Art Gallery is free to enter and open six days a week, closed Mondays. It houses many works of local and international significance and has a collection of more than 25,000 objects. More than half a million people visited the museum in the period of a year, according to figures released in April 2014.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Doctor Guillermo Mann Base
Doctor Guillermo Mann Base (formerly Camp Shirreff) is a Chilean Antarctic research base. It is located on the east side of Cape Shirreff on Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic peninsula.

It is adjacent to the Shirreff Base that is administrated by the United States.

The base is named after the Chilean zoologist, naturalist and ecologist Guillermo Mann, who participated in 1947 on the first Chilean Antarctic Expedition.

This base should not be confused with the old Doctor Guillermo Mann or Spring-INACH Base from 1973 that is located in the Spring Point, Hughes Bay. Today that base is not operational.

Chilean Antarctic Expedition
The First Chilean Antarctic Expedition (1947–1948) was an expedition to Antarctica mounted by the Chilean government and military to enforce its territorial claims against British challenges, namely Operation Tabarin.

Among other accomplishments the expedition established Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme on February 18, 1948. Chilean President Gabriel González Videla personally inaugurated the base, thereby becoming the first head of state to set foot on the continent.  The inactive research station González Videla Antarctic Base is named in his honor. The O'Higgins Base is still operated by the Chilean Army, one of the Antarctic bases with the longest times of continuous operation.

The expedition was led by Commodore Federico Guesalaga Toro.  The German-Chilean Hans Helfritz served as the expedition's official photographer.
MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field
MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field is a soccer-specific stadium on the campus of Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. The stadium serves as home to the Montclair Red Hawks men's and women's soccer teams, although it has also been a frequent venue for professional soccer teams.

Montclair, New Jersey
Montclair is a township in Essex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Situated on the cliffs of the Watchung Mountains, Montclair is a commercial and cultural hub of North Jersey and a diverse bedroom community of New York City within the New York metropolitan area. The township is home to Montclair State University, the state's second-largest university.

As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 40,921, an increase of 3,252 (+8.6%) from the 2010 census count of 37,669, which in turn reflected a decline of 1,308 (−3.4%) from the 38,977 counted in the 2000 census. As of 2010, it was the 60th-most-populous municipality in New Jersey.
Springdale, New South Wales
Springdale is a village community in the central north part of the Riverina region of the Australian state of New South Wales. It is situated by road, about 3 kilometres east of Combaning and 23 kilometres north west of Stockinbingal. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 150.

Springdale Post Office opened on 1 November 1897 and closed in 1977. A railway station on the branch line to Lake Cargelligo served the community between 1893 and 1975.

Stockinbingal
Stockinbingal is a town in the South West Slopes and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia. The town is in the Cootamundra–Gundagai Regional Council local government area and on the Burley Griffin Way. At the 2016 census, Stockinbingal had a population of 374.

Stockinbingal Post Office opened on 16 May 1891.
Vasyl Stolyar
Vasyl Stolyar (Ukrainian: Василь Столяр) (born April 11, 1962) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician. he served as a member of the Volyn Oblast council from 2006 to 2020. He was also previously chairman of FC Volyn Lutsk from 2003 to 2013, when he was replaced by Vitaliy Kvartsyanyi.

Vitaliy Kvartsyanyi
Vitaliy Volodymyrovych Kvartsyanyi (Ukrainian: Віталій Володимирович Кварцяний, born 19 July 1953) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player. Throughout his career he was mainly associated with Volyn Lutsk.
Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus
Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus is a plant species native to Nuevo León, New Mexico and Texas, It occurs in cultivated fields and other disturbed areas at elevations of less than 1000 m (3400 feet).

Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus is a perennial herb spreading by underground rhizomes. Stems are triangular in cross-section, up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall.

It is a member of Cyperus, subgenus Cyperus, section Umbellati. It was first formally described as a new variety of C. uniflorus by Georg Kükenthal in 1937, but was promoted to an independent species in 1997. It is very similar to C. uniflorus, which is now known as C. retroflexus.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Morimondo Abbey
Morimondo Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di Morimondo; Western Lombard: Badia de Marmond) is a former Cistercian monastery located at Morimondo, a few kilometers south of Abbiategrasso in the Metropolitan City of Milan, Lombardy, northern Italy. The surviving structure is Romanesque and Gothic. It was founded in 1134 as a daughter house of Morimond Abbey near Dijon, France, from which it took its name.

Lay brother
Lay brother is an outdated term which referred to a male member of a religious order who has not been ordained as priests. The term was particularly used in the Catholic Church. Lay brothers were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they did not prepare for holy orders. This specific definition is no longer applied by the Catholic Church.

Lay brothers played a crucial role in maintaining the upkeep of facilities, performing community service work, and providing technical and administrative expertise to assist with the mission of their order, while clerics typically focus on preaching, liturgy, and leadership.

In religious institutes for women, the equivalent term was lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.
Lirstal
Lirstal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Kelberg
Kelberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is home to its seat. Kelberg is a state-recognized climatic spa.