hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2001 Challenge Bell
The 2001 Challenge Bell was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Club Avantage Multi-Sports in Quebec City in Canada that was part of Tier III of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 9th edition of the Challenge Bell, and was held from September 17 through September 23, 2001. First-seeded Meghann Shaughnessy won the singles title.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
12th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Bermondsey)
The 12th (Service) Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (Bermondsey) (12th East Surreys or 12th ESR) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the summer of 1915 by the Mayor and Borough of Bermondsey in South East  London. It served on the Western Front from May 1916, seeing action at the Battle of Flers–Courcelette when it famously followed one of the first tanks down the high street. Later it fought at Messines and Ypres. After a period on the Italian Front it returned to the west to serve against the German spring offensive. Lastly, it took part in the final advance to victory in Flanders, before participating in the Allied occupation of the Rhineland.

1st Royal Surrey Militia
The 1st Royal Surrey Militia, later the 3rd Battalion, East Surrey Regiment was an auxiliary regiment raised in Surrey in the Home Counties of  England. From its formal creation in 1759 the regiment served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars until 1918, seeing active service in the Second Boer War and supplying reinforcements to the East Surreys during World War I.
Amos Yong
Amos Yong (Chinese: 楊偉明; born July 26, 1965) is a Malaysian-American Pentecostal theologian and Professor of Theology and Mission at Fuller Theological Seminary. He has been Dean of School of Theology and School of Intercultural Studies at Fuller Seminary, since July 1, 2019.

Society for Pentecostal Studies
The Society for Pentecostal Studies (SPS) is an American scholarly association of biblical scholars, theologians, and others who are members of Pentecostal churches or are involved in the Charismatic Renewal. It was founded in 1970.  The members of the Society consider themselves responsible for recording the history and developing the theology of these grassroots movements that have influenced Christianity worldwide.
López de Lacalle
López de Lacalle is a Spanish surname. It derives from the patronymic López and from the Sephardic surname Lacalle, De La Calle, De Lacalle or Calle.

The anthropologist Kenneth Moore explains that the xuetes (a despective term, similar to marrano) were called los de la calle ("the ones from the street") because they lived in the "street of the Jews" or call , from Hebrew kahal (קהל), a word used in Catalan-speaking areas.

López
López or Lopez is a surname of Spanish origin. It was originally a patronymic, meaning "Son of Lope", Lope itself being a Spanish given name deriving from Latin lupus, meaning "wolf". Its Portuguese and Galician equivalent is Lopes, its Italian equivalent is Lupo, its French equivalent is Loup (or Leu), its Romanian equivalent is Lupu or Lupescu, its Catalan and Valencian equivalent is Llopis and its Basque equivalent is Otxo.

López is the fifth most common Hispanic surname globally and in Spain and the USA. It is the most common surname in the province of Lugo. It is the most common Spanish surname in the United Kingdom.
Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation
High-precision experiments could reveal
small previously unseen differences between the behavior
of matter and antimatter.
This prospect is appealing to physicists because it may
show that nature is not Lorentz symmetric.

CPT symmetry
Charge, parity, and time reversal symmetry is a fundamental symmetry of physical laws under the simultaneous transformations of charge conjugation (C), parity transformation (P), and time reversal (T). CPT is the only combination of C, P, and T that is observed to be an exact symmetry of nature at the fundamental level. The CPT theorem says that CPT symmetry holds for all physical phenomena, or more precisely, that any Lorentz invariant local quantum field theory with a Hermitian Hamiltonian must have CPT symmetry. In layman terms, this stipulates that an antimatter, mirrored, and time reversed universe would behave exactly the same as our regular universe.
Bathochromic shift
In spectroscopy, bathochromic shift (from Greek  βαθύς (bathys) 'deep' and  χρῶμα (chrōma) 'color'; hence less common alternate spelling "bathychromic")  is a change of spectral band position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a molecule to a longer wavelength (lower frequency). Because the red color in the visible spectrum has a longer wavelength than most other colors, the effect is also commonly called a red shift.

Hypsochromic shift is a change to shorter wavelength (higher frequency).

Transmittance
Electromagnetic radiation can be affected in several ways by the medium in which it propagates.  It can be scattered, absorbed, and reflected and refracted at discontinuities in the medium.  This page is an overview of the last 3.  The transmittance of a material and any surfaces is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy; the fraction of the initial (incident) radiation which propagates to a location of interest (often an observation location). This may be described by the transmission coefficient.
Winfred Yavi
Winfred Mutile Yavi OLY (Arabic: 
وينفريد يافي, born 31 December 1999) is a Kenyan-born Bahraini female athlete who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase. Currently the second fastest athlete in history at the distance with a personal best of 8:44.39, she won the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, setting a new Olympic record. She won the gold medal at the 2023 World Athletics Championships.

Meeting de Paris
Meeting de Paris (formerly known as the Meeting Areva and Meeting Gaz de France) is an annual track and field meeting at the Stade Sébastien Charléty in Paris, France. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League. It was first organized in 1999. The record attendance was set on 1 July 2005, with a total of 70,253 spectators.
Acraga concolor
Acraga concolor is a moth from the family Dalceridae. It is found in Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil (Amazon Basin), Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The habitat consists of tropical moist, tropical wet, tropical premontane rain, tropical premontane wet and subtropical moist forests.

The length of the forewings is 9–10 mm. Adults are on wing year-round.

Dalceridae
The Dalceridae are a small family of zygaenoid moths with some 80 known species encompassing about one dozen genera mostly found in the Neotropical region with a few reaching the far south of the Nearctic region.

These are generally small or medium-sized moths with very hairy bodies. The larvae are rather slug-like and, along with the larvae of the sister taxa Limacodidae and Megalopygidae, are often known as slug caterpillars. More specifically, they are also called jewel caterpillars due to the colorful bead-like gelatinous mass covering the exoskeleton of many species.

Female Dalceridae have "accessory glands" that apply a rapidly drying liquid to the eggs. The function of the liquid is unknown but it is theorized that it may provide strength to eggs, help glue the eggs in place, or offer protection from egg parasites.
William Fitzherbert (New Zealand politician)
Sir William Fitzherbert KCMG (15 August 1810 – 6 February 1891) was a New Zealand politician. He served as Minister of Finance, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Speaker of the Legislative Council.

Wellington Province
Wellington Province, governed by the Wellington Provincial Council, was one of the provinces of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. It covered much of the southern half of the North Island until November 1858, when Hawke's Bay Province split off, taking about a third of its area.
Frans Badens
Frans Badens (Antwerp, 1571 – Amsterdam, before 17 November 1618) was a Flemish-born painter who was active in Amsterdam where he was known for his mythological and biblical scenes, genre scenes, portraits and still lifes. In his lifetime he was regarded as one of the most important painters who had moved to Amsterdam and was admired for his realistic treatment of the skin.

Pieter Isaacsz
Pieter Isaacsz (ca 1569, Helsingør – 14 September 1625) was a Danish court and portrait painter from Dutch origin who worked in a mannerist style on historical, biblical and mythological subjects. He was also a tapestry designer and art-dealer who spied for both the Netherlands, Denmark, and, eventually, for Sweden.
Carl Rüedi
Carl Rüedi  (April 21 (or 23?), 1848 – June 17, 1901) was a Swiss pulmonologist and at his lifetime one of the best-known physicians in Graubünden.

Rüedi rose to fame around the world after having treated the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson in the winters of 1880-81 and 1881-82. Stevenson praised Rüedi in the dedication of his poetry collection Underwoods (1887) as "the good genius of the English in his frosty mountains".

Climatotherapy
Climatotherapy refers to temporary or permanent relocation of a patient to a region with a climate more favourable to recovery from or management of a condition. Examples include:

The partial pressure of oxygen is lower at high altitude, so a person with sickle cell disease might move to a lower altitude to reduce the number of sickle crises.

Several sites around the world are advertised or studied as possibly of therapeutic benefit to patients with psoriasis, most notably the Dead Sea region.
National Christian Party
The National Christian Party (Romanian: Partidul Național Creștin) was a far-right, authoritarian, and strongly antisemitic political party in the Kingdom of Romania, active between 1935 and 1938. It was formed by a merger of Octavian Goga's National Agrarian Party (PNA) and A. C. Cuza's National-Christian Defense League (LANC). Among its members was the philosopher Nichifor Crainic, the party's main ideologue. In December 1937, Goga was chosen by King Carol II to form a government that included Cuza; the government lasted only 44 days and was followed by a royal dictatorship under Carol II. The party's members were commonly nicknamed the “Gogo-Cuzists” or simply “Cuzists”, referring to Cuza's wing within the party and the former LANC militants, who were far more notorious than Goga's PNA due to violent street clashes and virulent antisemitic rhetoric throughout the 1920s.

Alexandru Vaida-Voevod
Alexandru Vaida-Voevod or Vaida-Voievod (27 February 1872 – 19 March 1950) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician who was a supporter and promoter of the union of Transylvania (before 1920 part of  Hungary) with the Romanian Old Kingdom. He later served as 28th Prime Minister of Romania.
Diarmuid Murphy
Diarmuid Murphy (born 22 August 1975 in Dingle, County Kerry) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for his local club Dingle and was the goalkeeper at senior level on the Kerry county football team from 2004 until 2009.

Jack O'Connor (Gaelic footballer)
Jack O'Connor (born 23 October 1960) is an Irish Gaelic football manager and former player. He has been manager of the senior Kerry county team since 2021, having earlier managed it over two terms in the 2000s.

O'Connor played football with his local club, Dromid Pearses, from the 1970s until the early 2000s. As manager, he guided Kerry to five All-Ireland SFC titles: in 2004, 2006, 2009, 2022, and 2025, during his three terms as manager. Kerry also won the National Football League in all of those years
Robert Richenburg
Robert Richenburg (July 14, 1917 – October 10, 2006 in East Hampton, New York) was an abstract expressionist artist based in New York City, whose paintings were widely acclaimed in the 1950s and 1960s. While a student of Hans Hofmann, Richenburg exhibited at the Museum of Non-Objective Painting (later the Guggenheim) in 1950. The following year, he participated in the historic Ninth Street Art Exhibition, and subsequently taught at Pratt Institute along with Franz Kline, Adolph Gottlieb, Jack Tworkov, Philip Guston, Milton Resnick and Tony Smith. By 1961, critic Irving Sandler declared that "Richenburg emerges as one of the most forceful painters on the New York Art Scene." The Whitney Museum, the Museum of Modern Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art, among others, purchased his work.

Franz Kline
Franz Kline (May 23, 1910 – May 13, 1962) was an American painter. He is associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement of the 1940s and 1950s. Kline, along with other action painters like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Robert Motherwell, John Ferren, and Lee Krasner, as well as local poets, dancers, and musicians, came to be known as the informal group, the New York School. Although he explored the same innovations to painting as the other artists in this group, Kline's work is distinct in itself and has been revered since the 1950s.
2009–10 Liga Nacional de Básquet season
The 2009–10 Liga Nacional de Básquet season was the 26th season of the top professional basketball league in Argentina. The regular season started on 7 October 2009. Peñarol won their second title, defeating Atenas in the finals.

Club Atlético Peñarol (Mar del Plata)
Club Atlético Peñarol (usually called Peñarol de Mar del Plata or simply Peñarol) is an Argentine sports club based in Mar del Plata. The club is mostly known for its basketball team, which is currently playing in the Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB), the top level of the Argentine league system. Their home arena is the Polideportivo Islas Malvinas.

The team had its most successful campaign during 2010, winning 5 official tournaments (FIBA Americas League, Liga Nacional, InterLigas, and Copa Argentina).

Apart from basketball, other activities held in Peñarol are football and martial arts.
New World wine
New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional winegrowing areas of Europe and the Middle East, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Japan (primarily Yamanashi), Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States (primarily California). The phrase connotes a distinction between these "New World" wines and those wines produced in "Old World" countries with a long-established history of wine production, essentially in Europe and the Middle East, most notably: France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Romania, Georgia, and Switzerland.

Both the quantity and quality of New World wine production have increased greatly since about 1970.

Outside their home markets, New World wines can be said to have been very successful in exports to non-wine producing countries, above all the United Kingdom, and also to North America. But they have achieved relatively little penetration in old wine-making countries such as France and Italy.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and  British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

This grape variety appeared in France in the 17th century as a result of natural crossbreeding. Its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticulture hazards.

The classic profile of Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. In cool areas, it has flavors of blackcurrant and green pepper; in warmer places, it may taste like black cherry and olive; in very hot climates, it can have a jammy flavor.
2023–24 Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup
The 2023–24 Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup was the second edition of the Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup, the annual qualification tournament for the Men's FIH Pro League organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was held from 31 May to 9 June 2024 at Gniezno, Poland.

New Zealand won the tournament and were promoted to the 2024–25 Men's FIH Pro League. The New Zealand withdrew, 2 October 2024, and were replaced by Ireland.

Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup
The Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup is an international men's field hockey tournament organised annually by the International Hockey Federation. The winner of the tournament qualifies for the Men's FIH Pro League.

The tournament was founded in 2019 and the first edition was held in November 2022 in Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Helicampodus
Helicampodus is an extinct genus of shark-like eugeneodont fish that lived during the Late Permian to Early Triassic period. Fossils of Helicampodus have been found in Asia. The largest teeth of Helicampodus kokeni are about 2.7 cm in length, which points to a maximum size of around 2 m based on its relatives. It was earlier placed in the families Helicoprionidae and Edestidae, but has more recently been placed in Helicampodontidae.

Helicoprionidae
Helicoprionidae (sometimes referred to as Agassizodontidae) is an extinct family of holocephalans within the order Eugeneodontida. Members of the Helicoprionidae possessed a "whorl" of tooth crowns connected by a single root along the midline of the lower jaw. While historically considered elasmobranchs related sharks and rays, the closest living relatives of the Helicoprionidae and all other eugeneodonts are now thought to be the ratfishes. The anatomy of the tooth-whorls vary between taxa, with some possessing highly specialized, coiling spirals (such as those of the namesake genus Helicoprion), while others such as Sarcoprion and Parahelicoprion possessed shorter whorls.
Menin (title)
In Ancien Régime France, a menin (French pronunciation: [mənɛ̃]) was one of six gentlemen who were particularly attached to the person of the dauphin. They were also known as gentilshommes de la manche. The word originates in the Portuguese word menino (masculine) or menina (feminine, as in the title of the Vélasquez painting Las Meninas), meaning boy or girl, where it denoted a young nobleman made a companion to the royal children. The word was used in France for the first time in 1680 when the household of the Grand Dauphin was set up.

Holders of this office during the Ancien Régime included marquis de Dangeau, the marquis de Mimeure and the comte du Muy. The Bourbon Restoration saw the return of many old court offices, and the duc d'Angoulême (dauphin from the accession of Charles X in 1824) also had menins, including the marquis d'Osmond.

Bourbon Restoration in France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation. The July Revolution of 1830 effectively ended the restoration during the reign of Charles X, brother of the late King Louis XVI, leading to the July Monarchy and eventually the French Second Republic.
Annolesie, Łódź Voivodeship
Annolesie [annɔˈlɛɕɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusiec, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Rusiec, 33 km (21 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Rusiec, Łódź Voivodeship
Rusiec [ˈruɕɛt͡s] is a village in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rusiec. It lies approximately 28 km (17 mi) west of Bełchatów and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Sanatana Goswami
Sanatana Goswami (Sanskrit: सनातन गोस्वामी, IAST: Sanātana Gosvāmī; Bengali: সনাতন গোস্বামী; 1488–1558) was a principal follower of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Sanatana wrote a number of  works in the bhakti tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and was the senior most of the influential Six Goswamis of Vrindavan, among whom was his brother Rupa Goswami.

Vrindavan
Vrindavan (pronounced [ʋɾɪnˈdɑːʋən] ⓘ; IAST: Vṛndāvana), also spelt Vrindaban and Brindaban, is a historical city in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located in the Braj Bhoomi region and holds religious importance for Hindus, who believe that Krishna, one of the main Gods in Hinduism, spent most of his childhood in this city. Vrindavan has about 5,500 temples dedicated to the worship of Krishna and his chief consort, Radha. It is one of the most sacred places for Vaishnava traditions.

Vrindavan forms a part of the "Krishna pilgrimage circuit" under development by the Indian Ministry of Tourism. The circuit also includes Mathura, Barsana, Gokul, Govardhan, Kurukshetra, Dwarka and Puri.
William Thomas Rickard
William Thomas Rickard, VC, CGM (10 February 1828 – 21 February 1905) was a British sailor and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM) was, until 1993, a military decoration for gallantry in action. Initially, it was awarded to petty officers and seamen of the Royal Navy, including Warrant Officers and other ranks of the Royal Marines. The CGM was also later awarded to personnel of other Commonwealth navies. From 1943, it was also awarded to NCOs of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces, for conspicuous gallantry in action against the enemy in the air. The CGM was officially discontinued in 1993.
WXTX
WXTX (channel 54) is a television station in Columbus, Georgia, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by American Spirit Media, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Media, owner of ABC affiliate WTVM (channel 9), for the provision of certain services. Gray also operates dual NBC/CW+ affiliate WLTZ (channel 38) under a separate SSA with owner SagamoreHill Broadcasting. WXTX and WTVM share studios (which also house master control and most internal operations for WLTZ) on Wynnton Road (GA 22) in the Dinglewood section of Columbus; WXTX's transmitter is located in the Vista Terrace section of South Columbus.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.