hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail transport in Greece
Rail transport in Greece has a history which began in 1869, with the completion of the then Athens & Piraeus Railway. From the 1880s to the 1920s, the majority of the network was built, reaching its heyday in 1940. From the 1950s onward, the railway system entered a period of decline, culminating in service cuts in 2011. Ever since the 1990s, the network has been steadily modernized, but still remains smaller than its peak length. The operation of the Greek railway network is split between the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE), which owns and maintains the rail infrastructure; GAIAOSE, which owns the building infrastructure (including stations) and the former OSE rolling stock, Hellenic Train; and other private companies that run the trains on the network. Greece is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Greece is 73.

P.A.Th.E./P.
P.A.Th.E./P (Greek: Π.Α.Θ.Ε./Π., Πάτρα - Αθήνα - Θεσσαλονίκη - Ειδομένη/Προμαχώνας), which stands for Patras–Athens–Thessaloniki–Idomeni/Promachonas is a higher-speed rail line in Greece which is partly completed and partly under construction. The section between Athens and Thessaloniki was completed in 2019 and allows a theoretical minimum travel time of 3 hours and 20 minutes, although that has never been achieved in regular service. The line was significantly damaged by Storm Daniel in July 2023, and as of January 2026 is still undergoing extensive repairs.
Simbirsk Chuvash teacher's school
Simbirsk Chuvash teacher's school (Russian: Симбирская чувашская учительская школа, Chuvash: Чӗмпӗрти чӑваш вӗрентӳҫиҫен шкулӗ) is the training center for the creative intelligentsia of the Chuvash and other peoples of the Volga region. Center founded educator of Chuvash people I. Y. Yakovlev, October 28, 1868 in Simbirsk, the administrative center of the homonymous province.

Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.

The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov.
Germiston District (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Germiston District (Afrikaans: Germiston-Distrik) was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1943 to 1994. It covered a part of the East Rand surrounding the town of Germiston. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
180-line television system
180-line is an early electronic television system. It was used in Germany after March 22, 1935, using telecine transmission of film, intermediate film system, or cameras using the Nipkow disk. Simultaneously, fully electronic transmissions using cameras based on the iconoscope began on January 15, 1936, with definition of 375 lines.

The Berlin Summer Olympic Games were televised, using both closed-circuit 375-line fully electronic iconoscope-based cameras and 180-line intermediate film cameras transmitting to Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg, and Bayreuth via special Reichspost long-distance cables in August 1936. In Berlin, twenty-eight public 180-line television rooms were opened for anybody who did not own a television set.

Some TV sets for this system were available, including the French Grammont models, Telefunken FE II and FE III, and Fernseh Tischmodell

After February 1937, both 180- and 375-line systems were replaced by a superior, 441-line system.

Intermediate film system
The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera, then scanned by a television scanner, and transmitted over the air. This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light, but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shone through motion picture film directly into the camera lens.
Rolls-Royce Phantom VII
The Rolls-Royce Phantom is a full-sized luxury saloon car made by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. Launched in 2003, it was the first Rolls-Royce developed and introduced after BMW purchased the right to use the Rolls-Royce name and logo in 1998. It was the seventh Rolls-Royce design to use the Phantom nameplate.

It is credited with successfully reviving the Rolls-Royce brand and restoring Rolls-Royce's reputation as a maker of luxury cars.

The Phantom Drophead Coupé and Phantom Coupé are two-door derivatives of the Phantom launched in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

From 2003 until the launch of the smaller Ghost in 2009, the Phantom was the only car produced by Rolls-Royce. The Phantom acted as the company's flagship model but was less exclusive than all previous Phantoms (none of which surpassed 600 per year).

Production of the car ceased in January 2017, with the Rolls-Royce Phantom VIII launching later that year.

Goodwood Circuit
Goodwood Circuit is a historic venue for both two- and four-wheeled motorsport in the United Kingdom. The 2.367-mile (3.809 km) circuit is situated near Chichester, West Sussex, close to the south coast of England, on the estate of Goodwood House, and completely encircles Chichester/Goodwood Airport. This is the racing circuit dating from 1948, not to be confused with the separate hillclimb course located at Goodwood House and first used in 1936.
Ko Yao Yai
Ko Yao Yai (Thai: เกาะยาวใหญ่) is the larger of the two big islands in the Ko Yao Archipelago. The island group is in Phang Nga Bay in the Phang Nga Province of southern Thailand. Ko Yao Yai means 'big long island'. The other main island of the group is Ko Yao Noi ('little long island'), off Ko Yao Yai's north side and separated from it by a narrow sound. The two islands form Phang Nga's Ko Yao District.
The population of Ko Yao is about 18,000 (2018). Ninety percent are Muslims. The area of the archipelago is 147 km2. It lies around 600 km south of Bangkok and about 50 km from Phuket or Phang Nga. Ko Yao Noi is more popular with visitors as it has more facilities.

Legends say that the island of Ko Yao was split into two islands by battling sea serpents.

Phang Nga Bay
Phang Nga Bay (Thai: อ่าวพังงา, RTGS: ao phangnga [ʔàːw pʰāŋ.ŋāː]) is a 400 km2 (150 sq mi) bay in the Andaman Sea between the island of Phuket and the mainland of the Kra Isthmus of southern Thailand. Since 1981, an extensive section of the bay has been protected as the Ao Phang Nga National Park.  The park is in Phang Nga Province, at 8°17′N 98°36′E﻿ / ﻿8.283°N 98.600°E﻿ / 8.283; 98.600.

Limestone cliffs with caves, collapsed cave systems, and archaeological sites are found about Phang Nga Bay.  Around 10,000 years ago, when sea levels were lower, it was possible to walk from Phuket and Krabi.
Sanriku-kita Jūkan Road
The Sanriku-kita Jūkan Road (三陸北縦貫道路, Sanriku-kita Jūkan Dōro) is an incompleted expressway in the coastal area of Iwate Prefecture in northern Japan. It is owned and operated primarily by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). It is routed concurrently with an alternate route of Japan National Route 45 and is numbered E45 under MLIT's "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering" as an expressway running parallel to the aforementioned National Route 45.

Expressways of Japan
The expressways (高速道路, kōsoku-dōro, lit. "high-speed road", also jidōsha-dō (自動車道), lit. "automobile road", "freeway", "expressway", or "motorway") of Japan make up a large network of controlled-access toll expressways.
World of Outlaws: Sprint Cars
World of Outlaws: Sprint Cars is a racing video game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was developed by Big Ant Studios and published by THQ. It features 12 Tracks from the World of Outlaws schedule and 20 drivers such as, Steve Kinser and Donny Schatz. It features 8 player online racing with 5 multiplayer modes. In the US it was released for Xbox 360 on February 9, 2010 and the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Store on May 11, 2010. In Australia, it was released on June 21, 2010.

World of Outlaws
World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series, originally known as the World of Outlaws (often abbreviated WoO) is an American national touring dirt track racing series. It is owned and operated by World Racing Group, and was rebranded when the World of Outlaws Late Model Series was introduced. The Sprint Car Series has been sponsored by Monster Beverage's NOS Energy Drink since 2019.
Great Bend Municipal Airport
Great Bend Municipal Airport (IATA: GBD, ICAO: KGBD, FAA LID: GBD) is five miles west of Great Bend, in Barton County, Kansas. It is used for general aviation and formerly saw one airline, subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

The Federal Aviation Administration says this airport had 1,407 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 927 in 2009, and 719 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires 2,500 enplanements per year).

Cessna 208 Caravan
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a utility aircraft produced by Cessna.

The project was commenced on November 20, 1981, and the prototype first flew on December 9, 1982.
The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984 and its Cargomaster freighter variant was developed for FedEx.
The 4 ft (1.2 m) longer 208B Super Cargomaster first flew in 1986 and was developed into the passenger 208B Grand Caravan.

The strutted, high wing 208 typically seats nine passengers in its unpressurized cabin, is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A tractor turboprop and has a fixed tricycle landing gear, floats, or skis.

By 2022, 3,000 had been delivered and 24 million flight hours have been logged. Caravans have been used for flight training, commuter airlines, VIP transport, air cargo, skydiving and humanitarian missions.
Akkeshi, Hokkaido
Akkeshi (厚岸町, Akkeshi-chō) is a town located in Kushiro Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 31 October 2025, the town had an estimated population of 8059 in 4251 households, and a population density of 10.9 people per km2. The total area of the town is 739.12 km2 (285.38 sq mi).

Kushiro
Kushiro (釧路市, Kushiro-shi) is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Located along the coast of the North Pacific Ocean, it serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island.  As of 31 October 2025, the city had an estimated population of 151,833 in 90771 households, and a population density of 111 people per km2. The total area of the city is 1,363.26 km2 (526.36 sq mi).
Super Hybrid
Super Hybrid is a 2011 science fiction horror thriller film directed by Eric Valette and starring Shannon Beckner, Oded Fehr, Ryan Kennedy, and Melanie Papalia. The screenplay follows a malicious shape shifting sentient car that devours its victims by tricking them into its cab, and then sent to a police precinct garage after a terrible accident, and stalks the mechanics as it tries to find a way to escape.

Chevrolet Corvette (C5)
The Chevrolet Corvette (C5) is the fifth generation of the Corvette sports car, produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors for the 1997 through 2004 model years. Production variants include the high-performance Z06. Racing variants include the C5-R, a 24 Hours of Daytona and 24 Hours of Le Mans GTS/GT1 winner. The C5 Corvette was the first GM vehicle to feature the third generation small block "LS" engines, and the last generation Corvette with Pop-up headlights.
Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea
The Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1900 and 1965. It was created by the London Government Act 1899 from most of the ancient parish of Chelsea.  Following the London Government Act 1963, it was amalgamated with the Royal Borough of Kensington in 1965 to form the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London
Metropolitan boroughs were subdivisions of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. The 28 boroughs were created by the London Government Act 1899. In 1965 they were abolished and replaced by larger London boroughs within the new area of Greater London.

The City of London, indicated no. 1 on the map, was not a metropolitan borough. It predated the metropolitan boroughs and is still in existence.
K. Radhakrishnan (police officer)
Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, IPS (born 21 July 1958) is an Indian Police Service Officer of the batch of 1983, belonging to the Tamil Nadu Cadre and former Director General of Police of the Civil Supplies, CID department of Tamil Nadu from which he retired in 2017.
Dr. K. Radhakrishnan did his PhD from the Department of Criminology from the University of Madras for seminal research on 'Tactical and Strategic Police Response to Communal Violence: Coimbatore, a case study', in October 2009. He received the Queen's Award for Innovation in Police Training and Development in 2002 and 2004.

Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of India are eligible for many military decorations awarded for extraordinary bravery and distinguished service during times of war and peace. Service and campaign medals have been awarded throughout India's history as an independent state.

Post-nominal letters for wartime gallantry decorations were approved when those decorations were created in 1950. Until 27 January 1967, when they received their present names, the two lower peacetime gallantry decorations and the two higher peacetime distinguished service medals were respectively distinct classes of the Ashoka Chakra and the Vishisht Seva Medal. Post-nominals for peacetime gallantry, peacetime distinguished service and branch distinguished service awards were approved in August 1967.
Boizenburg
Boizenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔʏtsn̩ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, 53 kilometres (33 mi) west of Ludwigslust, 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lüneburg and 50 km (31 mi) east of Hamburg. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Boizenburg's historical old town stretches along the Elbe, has a harbour and offers heritage baroque timberframe and brick buildings.

As per the dictates of the Yalta Conference, Boizenburg was placed just a few kilometers behind the perimeter of the Iron Curtain, otherwise known as the 'Inner German Border'.

Ludwigslust-Parchim
Ludwigslust-Parchim, commonly abbreviated as LUP, is a rural district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At 4,750 km2 (1,830 mi2) it is the second largest district in all of Germany by area, only being surpassed by neighboring Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, while also having the lowest population density of the districts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the sixth-lowest in Germany overall. Its territory comprises 145 municipalities, 16 thereof towns, most of which are administered by one of the 15 constituent Ämter in the district. The seat of the district administration is Parchim. It is a member of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
Education in Karachi
Karachi's educational system is divided into five levels: primary (grades one through five); middle (grades six through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate); intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate); and university programs at undergraduate and graduate level.

Karachi has both public and private educational institutions from primary to university level. Most educational institutions are gender based from primary to university level.

All academic education institutions are the responsibility of the provincial governments. The federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and some financing of research.

Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology or SZABIST University is a multi-campus private university with campuses in various major cities of Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. Its main campus is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Doha (municipality)
Doha (Arabic: الدوحة, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa, Arabic pronunciation: [addawħa]) is one of the eight municipalities of Qatar. It is the most populous municipality in the country, with a population of 1,186,023 in 2020, and contains Qatar's capital city, Doha.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
2014 ONGC–GAIL Delhi Open
The 2014 ONGC–GAIL Delhi Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It is the first edition of the tournament for the men and for the women. It was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000 in prize money in the men's event and $25,000 in the women's event. It took place in New Delhi, India, on 17–23 February 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Stephen Maguire
Stephen Maguire (born 13 March 1981) is a Scottish professional snooker player. He has won seven major ranking tournaments, including the 2004 UK Championship, and has twice since reached the finals of that event. Maguire turned professional in 1998 after winning the IBSF World Snooker Championship. He was in the top 16 of the snooker world rankings for 11 consecutive years, from 2005 to 2016, twice reaching world no. 2. He is a prolific break-builder, having compiled over 500 century breaks, including three maximums.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Tommi Jyry
Tommi Matti Jyry (born 16 August 1999) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Liga I club Petrolul Ploiești.

A youth product of HJK, Jyry started his professional career at rival team HIFK in 2017. Two years later, he signed for KuPS, winning two domestic trophies during his stint. Jyry changed teams again in 2022, spending two seasons at Inter Turku where he was eventually appointed captain, before moving abroad to Romanian side Petrolul Ploiești.

2018 Ykkönen
The 2018 Ykkönen was the 47th season of Ykkönen, the second highest football league in Finland. The season began on 28 April 2018 and ended on 27 October 2018. The winning team was directly promoted to the 2019 Veikkausliiga, while the second-placed team played a play-off against the eleventh-placed team from Veikkausliiga to decide who would play in that division. The bottom two teams were relegated to Kakkonen.
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).

La Felguera
La Felguera is a parish of Langreo, and the most important district in the municipality of Langreo (Principality of Asturias) in northern Spain, with 21,000 inhabitants. It is located 18 minutes by car to Oviedo, the capital of Asturias. La Felguera is close to the Nalón River.
Montasola
Montasola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Rieti.

Montasola borders the following municipalities: Casperia, Contigliano, Cottanello, Torri in Sabina, Vacone.

Among the churches in the town are: Santa Maria Murella, Santi Pietro e Tommaso, and San Michele Arcangelo.

Vacone
Vacone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Rieti.

The parish church, San Giovanni Evangelista is dedicated to St John the Evangelist.

An elaborate ancient Roman villa has been excavated nearby dating from the 2nd century BC.
Coy Bacon
Lander McCoy Bacon (August 30, 1942 – December 22, 2008) was an American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, Cincinnati Bengals, and Washington Redskins. He also was a member of the Washington Federals in the United States Football League (USFL). He was selected to three Pro Bowls during his 14-year career. While sacks were not an official statistic during his career, researchers credit Bacon with a career total of 130.5. He played college football for the Jackson State Tigers.

Ironton, Ohio
Ironton is a city in Lawrence County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Its population was 10,571 at the 2020 census. Located in southernmost Ohio along the Ohio River, it is 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Huntington, West Virginia, within the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area. The city's name is a contraction of "iron town", stemming from its long ties to the iron industry. It also had one of the first professional football teams, the Ironton Tanks.