hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hemiauchenia
Hemiauchenia is an extinct genus of lamine camelids that evolved in North America in the Miocene epoch about 10 million years ago. This genus diversified and entered South America in the Late Pliocene about three to two million years ago, as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange. The genus became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. The monophyly of the genus has been considered questionable, with phylogenetic analyses finding the genus to paraphyletic or polyphyletic, with some species suggested to be more closely related to living lamines (llamas and relatives) than to other Hemiauchenia species.

This genus gave rise to the genus Lama, of which modern lamines belong to.

Browsing (herbivory)
Browsing is a type of herbivory in which a herbivore (or, more narrowly defined, a folivore) feeds on leaves, soft shoots, or fruits of high-growing, generally woody plants such as shrubs.  This is contrasted with grazing, usually associated with animals feeding on grass or other lower vegetations. Alternatively, grazers are animals eating mainly grass, and browsers are animals eating mainly non-grasses, which include both woody and herbaceous dicots. In either case, an example of this dichotomy are goats (which are primarily browsers) and sheep (which are primarily grazers).
Package (UML)
A package in the Unified Modeling Language is used "to group elements, and to provide a namespace for the grouped elements". A package may contain other packages, thus providing for a hierarchical organization of packages.

Pretty much all UML elements can be grouped into packages. Thus, classes, objects, use cases, components, nodes, node instances etc. can all be organized as packages, thus enabling a manageable organization of the myriad elements that a real-world UML model entails.

Use case
In both software and systems engineering, a use case is a structured description of a system’s behavior as it responds to requests from external actors, aiming to achieve a specific goal. The term is also used outside software/systems engineering to describe how something can be used.

In software (and software-based systems) engineering, it is used to define and validate functional requirements. A use case is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role (known in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an actor) and a system to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human or another external system. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. The detailed requirements may then be captured in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) or as contractual statements.
Nguyễn Phúc Dương
Nguyễn Phúc Dương (died 18 September 1777) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled over the southern portion of Vietnam from the 16th-18th centuries. Duong was the first son  Nguyễn Phúc Hiệu, who is the son of lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát. From 1774 to 1776, Duong was captured and used by the Tay Son rebels to gain popularity among the Southern Vietnamese. In 1776, he escaped and fled to Gia Dinh. Thereafter, Lý Tài, a Chinese mercenary general of the Nguyen army, granted him the title of Tân Chính Vương, a co-lord position with Nguyễn Phúc Thuần. In 1777, Dương was captured and executed by Tay Son rebels.

Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
Nguyễn Phúc Thuần (31 December 1754 – 18 October 1777) was one of the Nguyễn lords who ruled over the southern portion of Vietnam from the 16th-18th centuries. The collapse of the Nguyễn lords intensified during Thuần's reign, many uprisings broke out throughout the central part of Vietnam, including the Tây Sơn revolt; as well as the offensive of the Trịnh lords from northern Vietnam. He tried to re-establish the Nguyễn lords' authority but failed to do so. At last, he was captured and executed along with his followers and almost all his family members by Tây Sơn rebel general Nguyễn Huệ in 1777.
Loren Pankratz
Loren Pankratz (born February 27, 1940) is a consultation psychologist at the Portland VA Medical Center,

Following his retirement in 1995, he maintained a forensic practice until 2012.  He testified nationally on cases of Münchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP), often defending mothers accused of harming their children.

He has written, lectured and spoke on a wide variety of unusual topics such as Early childhood abuse, dancing manias, spiritualism, Greek oracles, ghosts, plagues, historical enigmas, mesmerism, moral panics, con-games, self-deception, faith healing, self-surgery, miracles, ethical blunders, quackery, and renaissance science.  He has also published magic history, magic tricks, and mentalism effects in magazines. Pankratz, along with Ray Hyman and Jerry Andrus, was a founding faculty member of the Skeptic's Toolbox in Eugene, Oregon. Pankratz is also a Fellow for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

Jerry Andrus
Jerry Andrus (January 28, 1918 – August 26, 2007) was an American magician and writer known internationally for his original close-up, sleight of hand tricks, such as the famous "Linking Pins", and optical illusions.
NGC 343
NGC 343 are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Frank Muller. It was described by Dreyer as "extremely faint, very small, irregularly round, suddenly brighter middle and nucleus (perhaps a star?)."

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Robert Sarvis
Robert Christopher Sarvis (born September 15, 1976) is an American attorney. While attending law school, he was the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the NYU Journal of Law & Liberty; he also clerked for Judge E. Grady Jolly on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In addition, he has been a software developer, being named by Google as a Grand Prize Winner for their Android Development challenge.

In 2011, he ran for the Virginia Senate as a Republican, losing to Democrat Dick Saslaw; after the election, Sarvis switched to the Libertarian Party. He was the Libertarian Party of Virginia's nominee for Governor of Virginia in the 2013 election, finishing third behind Democrat Terry McAuliffe and Republican Ken Cuccinelli, and he was the nominee for the U.S. Senate in the 2014 midterm election.

Fairfax, Virginia
Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks) is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.

Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by  Washington Metro's Orange Line.

George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.
Walking tour
A walking tour usually refers to either:

a guided walk around a historical or cultural site, usually in an urban setting, or

a long walk over several days in the countryside, also called backpacking.

Museum theatre
Museum theatre is the use of theatre and theatrical techniques by a museum for educational, informative, and entertainment purposes.  It can also be used in a zoo, an aquarium, an art gallery, and at historic sites. It is generally performed by professional actors.  Varieties of museum theatre include historical characters, puppetry, movement and music.
Duck opening
In shogi, the Duck or Duck Legs (アヒル ahiru) opening is a surprise Static Rook position characterized by a Duck castle and formation similar to a Double Wing Attack opening that transitions to a Twisting Rook-like position. It is typically used in a Double Static Rook game; however, there is a variation for playing against a Ranging Rook opponent.

The opening may be played by amateurs, but is not used by professional players.

Essentially, the opening tries to trade the major pieces to get them in hand in order to drop them within the opponent's camp. Since the Duck castle is defending broadly against major piece drops, this situation can favor the Duck player. Failing the piece exchange, the Duck opening typically aims for an edge attack to break through their opponent's camp.

Shogi opening
A shogi opening (戦法 senpō) is the sequence of initial moves of a shogi game before the middle game. The more general Japanese term for the beginning of the game is joban (序盤).

A jōseki (定跡) is the especially recommended sequence of moves for a given opening that was considered balanced play at one point in time for both sides by professional players. (However, some jōsekis have become outdated when they are reevaluated to no longer give balanced play.) Jōsekis also typically include commentary about the possible reasons to deviate from the jōseki especially regarding blunders.

Note that not all openings have jōsekis. For example, trap openings like Demon Slayer, while they may have standard moves, are considered to favor one player and are not balanced play. Thus, the Demon Slayer opening is not a jōseki.
2003 NAIA football rankings
One human poll made up the 2003 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) football rankings, sometimes called the NAIA Coaches' Poll or the football ratings. Once the regular season was complete, the NAIA sponsored a playoff to determine the year's national champion. A final poll was then taken after completion of the 2003 NAIA Football National Championship.

2003 NAIA football national championship
The 2003 NAIA football championship series concluded on December 20, 2003 with the championship game played at Jim Carroll Stadium in Savannah, Tennessee.  The game was won by the Carroll Fighting Saints over the Northwestern Oklahoma State Rangers by a score of 41–28.
Orbia gens
The gens Orbia was a minor plebeian family at Rome.  No members of this gens are known to have held any magistracies, but many of them are known from inscriptions.  The most illustrious of the family may have been the jurist Publius Orbius, a contemporary of Cicero.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 11 April 1954 and ended on 5 September 1954.

Cork were the defending champions and retained their title following a 1–9 to 1–6 victory over Wexford in the final.

1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 15 May 1949 and ended on 4 September 1949.

Waterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Tipperary won the title following a 3–11 to 0–3 defeat of Laois.
Zhu Hongzhang
Zhu Hongzhang (Chinese: 朱洪章; pinyin: Zhū Hóngzhāng; 1832–1895), courtesy name Huanwen (煥文), posthumous name Wushen (武慎), was an official official and a military general of the Qing dynasty of China. Born in Liping, Guizhou, he joined the Xiang Army to fight against the Taiping Rebellion and to restore the stability of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the nine generals who led a force of 60,000 troops to recover Nanjing from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in 1864. Zhu was awarded a third-class merit for the recovery of Nanjing for the Qing dynasty, after Commander Zeng Guoquan commended Zhu's work to the Qing government.

Third Battle of Nanjing
The Third Battle of Nanjing in 1864 was the last major engagement of the Taiping Rebellion in the Qing Empire. With the fall of Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the rebellion came to an end. The Hunan Army, an unpaid and barely fed militia commissioned by the Qing Empire, lost all their discipline and committed mass-scale random murder, wartime rape, looting and arson against the civilians of Nanjing, seen as "rebels". 
200,000–300,000 "rebels" were reported dead by Zeng Guofan, the commander-in-chief of the Hunan Army.
Henry Vasnier
Henry Vasnier (1832–1907), born April 28, 1832, in Paris and died February 28, 1907, in Reims (Marne), was a wine merchant associated with the Maison Veuve Pommery, fils et Cie. A major collector at the end of the 19th century, he bequeathed his works to the city of Reims on his death in 1907, considerably enriching its collections and forming the core of the future Musée des Beaux-Arts.

Georges Petit
Georges Petit (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ pəti]; 11 March 1856 – 12 May 1920) was a French art dealer, a key figure in the Paris art world and an important promoter and cultivator of Impressionist artists.
2015 American Athletic Conference softball tournament
The 2015 American Athletic Conference softball tournament was held at the UCF Softball Complex on the campus of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida, from May 7 through May 9, 2015. The event determined the champion of the American Athletic Conference for the 2015 NCAA Division I softball season.  Top-seeded UCF won the tournament and earned the American Athletic Conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament. All games were televised; the quarterfinals and semifinals were shown on the American Digital Network while the championship was broadcast on ESPN2.

Former member Louisville won the only previous event, in 2014, and then departed for the Atlantic Coast Conference.

2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 14 through June 3, 2015 as the final part of the 2015 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams were selected out of an eligible 293 teams on May 10, 2015. Thirty-two teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference, and thirty-two teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I softball selection committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2015 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City.
Einar Bergsland
Einar Bergsland (11 December 1909 – 12 July 1982) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who later became a promoter for the Holmenkollen ski festival, for alpine skiing in Norway, and for the FIS.

As a Nordic skier, Bergsland once beat the legendary Johan Grøttumsbråten in competition.  He also was national champion in rowing, golf, and dogsled racing.  Later, Bergsland introduced alpine skiing to Norway, and was involved on the Holmenkollen organizing committee for 35 years, including 14 as president.  From 1945 to 1951, he was Secretary-General of the International Ski Federation (FIS), later serving on the Council until 1969.  Bergsland was also President of the Commission from 1951 to 1953 and served as an honorary member of the (FIS) until his 1982 death.

He also wrote many skiing books, including one about the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo (1951).

For his lengthy and diverse service in skiing, Bergsland received the Holmenkollen medal in 1973 (shared with Ingolf Mork and Franz Keller).

Holmenkollen Medal
The Holmenkollen Medal (Norwegian: Holmenkollenmedaljen) is an annual honorary skiing award that has been issued by the Skiforeningen in Norway since 1895. It recognizes the outstanding achievements of skiing athletes who place at the top of international championships and at Holmenkollen Ski Festival events, as well as those who contribute to advancement of the sport of skiing. The Holmenkollen Medal is considered Norwegian skiing highest honor.
Bruno Telushi
Bruno Telushi (born 14 November 1990) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for AF Elbasani.

Telushi began his career with his local club Flamurtari, making his debut in 2011 after spending four years in Italy at Virtus Entella. From 2014 to 2017 he served as the captain of Flamurtari, replacing Franc Veliu. In 2017, he moved aboard for the first time, joining Croatia's Slaven Belupo. After a short spell, he returned in Albanian by joining Partizani Tirana, whom he won the Albanian Superliga title in the 2018–19 season. In August 2020, he joined Kukësi as a free agent.

A former youth international, Telushi first represented the under-17 squad and then the under-21, and is yet to make his senior debut, despite receiving a call-up in November 2012.

Albanian Football Federation
The Albanian Football Federation (Albanian: Federata Shqiptare e Futbollit; FSHF) is the governing body of football in Albania. Headquartered in Tirana, it organises the national football leagues of Kategoria Superiore, Kategoria e Parë, Kategoria e Dytë, Kategoria e Tretë, Albanian Cup, Supercup, Kategoria Superiore Femra and the Albanian Women's Cup. The federation also coordinates and oversees the activities of the Albania national football team, Albania women's national football team and the Albania national youth football teams such as Under-21, Under-20, Under-19, Under-18, Under-17, Under-16 and Under-15.
Laurent Cunin-Gridaine
Laurent Cunin-Gridaine (10 July 1778 – 19 April 1859) was a French businessman and politician. He was a deputy from 1827 to 1848, and Minister of Agriculture and Commerce from 1839 to 1848, with one short interruption.

French Revolution of 1848
The French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.

The revolution took place in Paris, and was preceded by the French government's crackdown on the campagne des banquets. Starting on 22 February as a large-scale protest against the government of François Guizot, it later developed into a violent uprising against the monarchy. After intense urban fighting, large crowds managed to take control of the capital, leading to the abdication of King Louis Philippe I on 24 February and the subsequent proclamation of the Second Republic.
Writ of quominus
In the history of the courts of England and Wales, the writ of quominus, or writ of quo minus (Latin: "that not"), was a writ and legal fiction which allowed the Court of Exchequer to obtain a jurisdiction over cases normally brought in the Court of Common Pleas. The Exchequer was tasked with collecting the King's revenue, and the legal fiction worked by having the plaintiff in a debt case claim that he was a debtor to the king, and that the defendant's debt prevented him paying the King. As such, the defendant would be arrested, and the case heard by the Exchequer. The writ's predecessors were in use from at least 1230, and it was in common (albeit strict) use during the 16th century. The use continued into the 19th century, until all original writs were abolished in 1883.

History of the courts of England and Wales
Certain former courts of England and Wales have been abolished or merged into or with other courts, and certain other courts of England and Wales have fallen into disuse.

For just under 600 years, from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1642, French was the language of the courts, rather than English. Until the twentieth century, many legal terms were still expressed in Latin.
Franz Koglmann
Franz Koglmann (born 22 May 1947) is an Austrian jazz composer. He performs on both the trumpet and flugelhorn in most often in avant-garde jazz and third stream. An award-winning composer, Koglmann has performed or recorded with Lee Konitz, Paul Bley, Bill Dixon, Georg Gräwe, Andrea Centazzo, Theo Jörgensmann, Wolfgang Reisinger, Enrico Rava, Yitzhak Yedid, Ran Blake, and John Lindberg; together with the bassist Peter Herbert he has often musically accompanied works of the Austrian artist Heidi Harsieber.

When the Romanian town of Sibiu commissioned Koglmann to write a piece, he brought together bits from Haydn's 27th symphony with a tape recording of Sibiu native Emil Cioran philosophisizing. In 2003, he received the highest Austrian jazz award, the Hans Koller Prize, in the category Album of the Year.

Ran Blake
Ran Blake (born April 20, 1935) is an American pianist, composer, and educator. He is known for his unique style that combines blues, gospel, classical, and film noir influences into an innovative and dark jazz sound. His career spans over 40 recording credits on jazz albums along with more than 40 years of teaching jazz at the New England Conservatory of Music, where he started the Department of Third Stream (now called the Department of Contemporary Improvisation) with Gunther Schuller.
1954 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1954 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 66th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round of the championship took place on 24 January 1954. The championship ran from 21 March to 3 October 1954.

Collins entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 3 October 1954, St. Nicholas' won the championship following a 2-11 to 0-03 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their third championship title and their first title since 1941.

1953 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1953 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 65th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Clonakilty entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 8 November 1953, Collins won the championship following a 1-08 to 1-04 defeat of University College Cork in a replay of the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1951. It remains their last championship title.
Madtown Doubledown
The Madtown Doubledown is an annual mixed doubles curling tournament that was on the ISS Mixed Doubles World Curling Tour from 2018 until 2023. It is held annually at the Madison Curling Club in McFarland, Wisconsin.

The purse for the event is $26,000, and its event categorization is 750 (highest calibre is 1000). It has one of the largest payouts on the mixed doubles tour.

The event has been held since 2018.

Doubles curling
Doubles curling (most commonly seen as mixed doubles) is a variation of the sport of curling with only two players on each team.  Mixed doubles is the most common format of doubles curling, where the term 'mixed' specifies that each team is composed of one man and one woman. The term mixed is also used to describe a specific format of 4-person team curling where the team consists of two men and two women and the throwing order alternates genders, see mixed team.

With its smaller teams and quicker games, doubles curling has provided an opportunity for more countries to participate in international competition. At the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Championship 48 of the 61 World Curling member countries were represented, including the first international curling competition for Kosovo, Ukraine, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico.