hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 5098
NGC 5098 are a binary pair of distant galaxies located in Canes Venatici constellation. They are made up of one Type E elliptical galaxy, PGC 46529 or NGC 5098 NED01 located east and one Type ES-0 lenticular galaxy, PGC 46515 or NGC 5098 NED02 located west. Both galaxies are located 559 million light-years away from the Solar System and were discovered on April 29, 1827, by John Herschel.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Insulin receptor substrate 1
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene. It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this, followed by a poorly conserved C-terminus tail. Together with IRS2, IRS3 (pseudogene) and IRS4, it is homologous to the Drosophila protein chico, whose disruption extends the median lifespan of flies up to 48%. Similarly, Irs1 mutant mice experience moderate life extension and delayed age-related pathologies.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of  serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes.

MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Expeditie Robinson 2023
Expeditie Robinson 2023 is the twenty-fifth season of the Dutch reality television series Expeditie Robinson. This season returns to Langkawi, Malaysia where 20 Dutch celebrities compete in tribes to win challenges and avoid elimination to try and win the title of Robinson 2023. The season is presented by Nicolette Kluijver and for the first time since All Stars, Art Rooijakkers. The season premiered on 2 September 2023 on RTL 4.

Expeditie Robinson: All Stars
Expeditie Robinson: All Stars is the twenty-third season of the Dutch reality television series Expeditie Robinson. The season was filmed in Zanzibar, Tanzania and consists of 16 former contestants who've reached the semi-finals of their respective seasons return to compete for another shot of winning the title of Robinson and a prize of €25,000. The season was initially supposed to premiere on 10 March 2022 on Videoland but due to the controversies surrounding The Voice of Holland, the premiere date was pushed up and premiered on 24 February 2022 and now aired on RTL 4. Videoland however, will still air new episodes a week ahead of when it is broadcast on RTL 4.
Meriden School
Meriden, An Anglican School for Girls is an independent Anglican single-sex early learning, primary, and secondary day school for girls, located in Strathfield, an Inner West suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Founded in 1897 by Jane Monckton, the school has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1650 students from early learning, through Year K to Year 12.

Meriden is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Girls' Schools (AHIGS), the Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), and the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA).

Independent Primary School Heads of Australia
The Independent Primary School Heads of Australia (IPSHA) formerly Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), is an incorporated body representing the heads of independent primary schools in Australia. 
Officially established in September 1952, the Association is broken into state branches, with six offices across Australia. The organisation currently has a membership of nearly 380 Full Members, 60 Associate and Life Members and 23 Overseas Members. Combined, the member schools employ around 6,000 people, and are responsible for educating about 100,000 primary aged children.
Serra da Estrela Natural Park
Serra da Estrela Natural Park or Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela is a nature reserve in the largest mountain range in Portugal - the Serra da Estrela – and is the source of the rivers Mondego, Zêzere (tributary of the Tagus), and Alva.  The park is the largest natural conservation area in Portugal and occupies about 1,000 km2.  More than half of its area is located at altitudes higher than 700 m. At 1,993 m it contains the highest peak in Continental Portugal (named Torre) and a ski resort, the Serra da Estrela Ski Resort.

During the Quaternary period, the entire region was subjected to the action of ice and once this disappeared visible marks were left on the landscape. Valleys in the shape of horseshoes, ravines, polished rocks and lakes of glacial origin are just some of the formations that demonstrate the importance of the ice and snow in modelling the mountains.

Zêzere River
The Zêzere (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈzezɨɾɨ]) is a river in Portugal, tributary to the Tagus. It rises in the Serra da Estrela, near the Torre, the highest point of continental Portugal. The Zêzere runs through the town Manteigas, runs through Belmonte, passes south of the city of Covilhã and east of the town of Pedrogão Grande. It flows into the Tagus in Constância. It is the second longest river entirely within Portuguese territory (the Mondego being the longest). Its slope allows for the hydroelectric powerplants of Cabril, Bouçã and Castelo de Bode.
Lisnamuck, Maghera civil parish
Lisnamuck is a townland lying within the civil parish of Maghera, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies south-west boundary of the parish beside that of Ballynascreen, with the Moyola River forming most of its southern boundary. It is bounded by the townlands of; Bracaghreilly, Drumballyhagan, Drumcrow, and Kirley. It was apportioned to the Drapers company as well as freeholds.

The townland in 1926 was part of Carnamoney district electoral division as part of the Draperstown dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. Lisnamuck as part of Maghera civil parish also lies in the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

Maghera (parish)
Maghera (from Irish  Machaire Rátha 'plain of the fort') is a parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by the parishes of Ballynascreen, Ballyscullion, Desertmartin, Dungiven, Kilcronaghan, Killelagh, Magherafelt, Tamlaght O'Crilly, and Termoneeny. As a civil parish it lies within the former barony of Loughinsholin and as an ecclesiastical parish it lies within the Church of Ireland Diocese of Derry and Raphoe.
Twilight Son
Twilight Son (foaled 1 April 2012) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Bred and owned by Caroline and Godfrey Wilson and trained by Henry Candy he was a specialist sprinter who won six of his ten races in a racing career which lasted from August 2014 until October 2016. He won both of his races as a two-year-old and his first three races as a three-year-old including a victory in the Group One Betfred Sprint Cup. As a four-year-old in 2016 he recorded his second Group One success when he defeated a strong international field in the Diamond Jubilee Stakes. He was retired at the end of the season to become a breeding stallion.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Mátraszele
Mátraszele is a village in Nógrád County, Hungary. The Zagyva river flows through the settlement. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 904 (see Demographics). The village is located 8.5 km from (Nr. 81) Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway line, 12.0 km far from Salgótarján, 10.4 km from the main road 21 and 52.8 km from the M3 motorway. The closest train station with public transport in Bátonyterenye 10.4 km away.

Salgótarján
Salgótarján (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃɒlɡoːtɒrjaːn]; Slovak: Šalgotarján, German: Schalgau) is a city with county rights in Hungary, the capital of Nógrád County, north-eastern Hungary, making it the third least populous county capital. The nearby Salgó Castle is a well-known tourist attraction.
Gathanga
Gathanga is a settlement in Kenya's Kiambu County. It is situated within Kiambu County, which is known for its agricultural activities, including tea and coffee farming. Gathanga lies near the larger town of Kiambu, and the region around it is primarily rural.

The local population engages in farming as the main economic activity, with small-scale farmers cultivating crops like maize, beans, and bananas. The settlement is also known for having community services such as local schools and small markets serving the residents.

Due to its rural nature, Gathanga experiences limited urban development, but it benefits from its proximity to Kiambu and Nairobi, Kenya's capital city.

Kiambu County
Kiambu County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya located in the Mount Kenya region of Kenya. Its capital is Kiambu and its largest town is Thika town. Kiambu County is the second most populous county in Kenya after Nairobi County. Kiambu County borders Nairobi and Kajiado Counties to the South, Machakos to the East, Murang'a to the North and North East, Nyandarua to the North West, and Nakuru to the West. It has a population of 2,417,735.

The county is 40% rural and 60% urban owing to Nairobi's consistent growth Northwards. The Kikuyu are the dominant tribe in the county. Kiambu is also an economic and political powerhouse in Kenya due to its sprawling population and relatively urban and educated populace. The county features the second most universities only behind Nairobi.
1960–61 AHL season
The 1960–61 AHL season was the 25th season of the American Hockey League. Seven teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The All-Star Game was not played, and put on hold until resurrected in the 1994–95 AHL season. The Springfield Indians finished first overall again in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.

Springfield Indians
The Springfield Indians were two separate minor professional ice hockey franchises, originally based in West Springfield, Massachusetts and later Springfield, Massachusetts. The original Indians were founding members of the American Hockey League. Combined, they were in existence for a total of 60 seasons from 1926 to 1994, with three interruptions. The Indians had two brief hiatuses from 1933 to 1935, and from 1942 to 1946. The team was known as the Syracuse Warriors from 1951 to 1954; in addition, the team was named the Springfield Kings from 1967 to 1975. The Indians won seven Calder Cup championships; six as the Indians, three consecutive from 1960 to 1962, one in 1974, and two consecutive in 1990 and 1991; and one as the Kings, in 1971.
Susannah Hunnewell
Susannah Gordon Hunnewell (July 16, 1966 – June 15, 2019) was an American editor and publisher. She was the publisher of The Paris Review. Hunnewell was born in Boston and spent much of her life in Paris. In 2018 she was named as a Chevalier of the French order of arts and letters.

The Paris Review
The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy wrote that the series was "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003.
East Indian Railway Company
The East Indian Railway Company, operating as the East Indian Railway (reporting mark EIR), introduced railways to East India and North India, while the Companies such as the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, South Indian Railway, Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway and the North-Western Railway operated in other parts of India. The company was established on 1 June 1845 in London by a deed of settlement with a capital of £4,000,000, 
largely raised in London.

Sone River
Sone River, also spelt Son River, is a perennial river located in central India. It originates near Amarkantak Hill in Pendra (Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district), Chhattisgarh and finally merges with the Ganges river near Maner in Patna, Bihar. The Sone River is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River. India's oldest river bridge Koilwar Bridge over the Sone River connects Arrah with Patna. Sone river is famous for its sand across country. Multiple dams and hydro-electric projects run on its course towards the Ganges.The river is also mentioned in Valmiki Ramayans's Balkand where Ram. Laxman along with Vishvamitra is crossing the river to further go north towards Ganga.
Petrus Nannius
Petrus Nannius (Dutch: Pieter Nanninck; b. 1496, Alkmaar – d. 1557) was a Dutch poet, accomplished Latin scholar and humanist of the 16th century. A contemporary of Desiderius Erasmus, he was born in Alkmaar and was an important figure in the humanism of the time, having provided a foundation with his teaching for the later flowering of humanism in the region.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Conical measure
A conical measure is a type of laboratory glassware which consists of a conical cup with a notch on the top to allow for the easy pouring of liquids, and graduated markings on the side to allow easy and accurate measurement of volumes of liquid.

They may be made of plastic, glass, or borosilicate glass. The use of the conical measure usually dictates its construction material. Plastic conical measures, commonly referred to as measuring cups are used by patients to measure liquid medicaments for oral administration. Glass and borosilicate conical measures are commonly used when compounding by the pharmacy profession.

Conical measures are the most commonly used item of glassware used in the preparation of extemporaneous medicaments. They are not as precise as graduated cylinders for measuring liquids, but make up for this in terms of easy pouring and ability to mix solutions within the measure itself.

Laboratory glassware
Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories.  Many laboratories have training programs to demonstrate how glassware is used and to alert first–time users to the safety hazards involved with using glassware.
Uki (TV series)
Uki is a Belgian animated television series for children. The main character is a small yellow creature who invites his young viewers to discover the world with her.

The show has been airing on Belgian and Finnish networks since April 2010. It was first shown on Club RTL and Ketnet.
 From September 2011 on, it was also aired on BBC's CBeebies channel, as part of Show Me Show Me.

CBeebies
CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content targeted for children aged six years and under. Its sister channel, CBBC, is intended for older children aged six to twelve. It broadcasts every day from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Four.
Dold manifold
In mathematics, a Dold manifold is one of the manifolds , where  is the involution that acts as −1 on the m-sphere  and as complex conjugation on the complex projective space . These manifolds were constructed by Albrecht Dold (1956), who used them to give explicit generators for René Thom's unoriented cobordism ring. Note that , the real projective space of dimension m, and .

Real projective space
In mathematics, real projective space, denoted ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ is the topological space of lines passing through the origin 0 in the real space ⁠⁠ It is a compact, smooth manifold of dimension n, and is a special case ⁠⁠ of a Grassmannian space.
Fruitlands, New Zealand
Fruitlands, originally known as Bald Hill Flat, is a settlement in Central Otago in the Otago region of New Zealand.

It is situated on State Highway 8, 14 km southwest of Alexandra, and 27 km northeast of Roxburgh. Fruitlands was initially settled a gold mining town following a gold rush in the early 1860s.

Alexandra, New Zealand
Alexandra (Māori: Manuherikia or Areketanara) is a town in the Central Otago district of the South Island of New Zealand. It is on the banks of the Clutha River (at the confluence of the Manuherikia River), on State Highway 8, 188 kilometres (117 mi) by road from Dunedin and 33 kilometres (21 mi) south of Cromwell. The nearest towns to Alexandra via state highway 8 are Clyde seven kilometres to the northwest and Roxburgh forty kilometres to the south. State highway 85 also connects Alexandra to Omakau, Lauder, Oturehua, Ranfurly and on to Palmerston on the East Otago coast.

The town of Alexandra is home to 5,860 people as of June 2025.
José Luis Alcaine
José Luis Alcaine Escaño (born 26 December 1938) is a Spanish cinematographer. Educated in Tangier, he was the first cinematographer to use a fluorescent tube as key lighting in the 1970s. He has worked on films such as Belle Époque (Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, 1993), Two Much (1995), Blast from the Past (1999), and The Skin I Live In (2011).

He won the European Film Award for Best Cinematographer for Volver, and has received five Goya Awards for best cinematography.

In February 2019, he received the Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes.

European Film Award for Best Cinematographer
The European Film Award for Best Cinematographer, also known as Carlo Di Palma European Cinematographer Award, is an award given to cinematographers working in the motion picture industry by the European Film Academy.
Diocese of London, Ontario
The Diocese of London (Latin: Diœcesis Londonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Canada. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Toronto.

The present episcopal see of the diocese, St. Peter's Cathedral in London, Ontario, was built in a French Gothic Revival style from 1880 to 1885. It was raised to the status of a minor basilica by Pope John XXIII in December, 1961.

Diocese of Charlottetown
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown (Latin: Dioecesis Carolinapolitana) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Canada. It is a suffragan diocese comprising the entire province of Prince Edward Island.

Originally carved from the Archdiocese of Quebec on August 11, 1829, it was transferred to the Archdiocese of Halifax–Yarmouth on May 4, 1852. It is the second-oldest English-speaking diocese in Canada.

Its seat is the Cathedral–Basilica of Saint Dunstan in downtown Charlottetown.
Actenicerus siaelandicus
Actenicerus siaelandicus is a species of click beetle belonging to the family Elateridae, subfamily Dendrometrinae.

This beetle is present in most of Europe, in the East Palearctic realm and in the Nearctic realm.

The adults grow up to 10–17 millimetres (0.39–0.67 in) long and can mostly be encountered from May through August, mainly in wet meadows, bogs and marshes. One of preferred host-plants are Carex species.

The whole body is bronzed-brownish or auburn-purplish, with a greyish pubescence.

Dendrometrinae
Dendrometrinae is a very large subfamily of click beetles in the family Elateridae, containing 10 tribes worldwide, including several formerly recognized subfamily-rank groups such as Athoinae, Crepidomeninae, Denticollinae, Oxynopterinae, Prosterninae, and Semiotinae now all reduced to tribal rank or lower.
Gertrude Nason
Gertrude Nason (1890–1969) was an American painter and printmaker.

Born in Everett, Massachusetts, Nason studied in Boston at the Massachusetts College of Art under Joseph DeCamp and at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts under Edmund Charles Tarbell. Her brother was the engraver Thomas Nason, and she was married to the artist William Donahue, with whom she lived in Greenwich Village and had a summer residence in Lyme, Connecticut. She exhibited widely, and won numerous honors and awards. During her career she was a member of the Brooklyn Society of Modern Art, the Creative Arts Association, Lyme Art Association, the National Association of Women Artists, and the  New York Society of Women Artists. She also worked for a time as the supervisor of art for a school district in Boston.

Edmund C. Tarbell
Edmund Charles Tarbell (April 26, 1862 – August 1, 1938) was an American Impressionist painter. A member of the Ten American Painters, his work hangs in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Metropolitan Museum of Art, National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Corcoran Gallery of Art, DeYoung Museum, National Academy Museum and School, New Britain Museum of American Art, Worcester Art Museum, and numerous other collections. He was a leading member of a group of painters which came to be known as the Boston School.