hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shifra Baruchson Arbib
Shifra Baruchson-Arbib (Hebrew: שפרה ברושסון ארביב; born 1951) is a Full Professor in the Department of Information Science at Bar-Ilan University Israel, specializing in the history and sociology of media. She was the Head of the Information Science Department (1990-1998, 2005-2008, 2012–2014) and has served as the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Bar- Ilan University (2015-2016). Her major achievements include her studies in the fields of the "History of Hebrew Books and Manuscripts" and of "Information Science", leading the Department of Information Science; and developing the academic field of Social Information Science.

Judit Bar-Ilan
Judit Bar-Ilan (Hebrew: יהודית בר-אילן, 1958–2019) was an Israeli computer scientist known for her research in informetrics and scientometrics. She was a professor of information science, and head of the Department of Information Science at Bar-Ilan University.
Scouting and Guiding in Estonia
The Scout and Guide movement in Estonia is served by

Eesti Gaidide Liit, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Eesti Skautide Ühing, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

In addition, there are youth branches Young Eagles for boys and Home Daughters for girls of the Estonian Defence League which sometimes employ the Scout method.

Estonian Guides Association
Eesti Gaidide Liit (EGL, Estonian Guides Association) is the national Guiding organization of Estonia. In 1993 it was readmitted as a member of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).
Tell el-Kheleifeh
29°32′50″N 34°58′49″E﻿ / ﻿29.54722°N 34.98028°E﻿ / 29.54722; 34.98028

Tell el-Kheleifeh (also Tell el-Chulefi) is an archaeological site in Jordan at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba immediately northwest of the city of Aqaba. Its older identification with the 10th-century port from the biblical King Solomon narrative does not stand up to newer archaeological assessments, while its identification with biblical Ezion-geber and/or Elath of a later date remains a matter of speculative interpretation.

Gulf of Aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba (Arabic: خَلِيج الْعَقَبَة, romanized: Khalīj al-ʿAqaba) or Gulf of Eilat (Hebrew: מפרץ אילת, romanized: Mifrátz Eilát) is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea, southeast of the Sinai Peninsula, and west of the Arabian Peninsula. Its coastline is divided among four countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
Helen Ladd
Helen F. Ladd is an education economist who currently works as the Susan B. King Professor Emeritus of Public Policy and Economics at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. In recognition of her research on the economics of education, she has been elected to the National Academy for Education and the National Academy of Sciences.

Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.
Risen Peak
Risen Peak (71°58′S 3°18′E﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 3.300°E﻿ / -71.967; 3.300) is a peak 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) north of Medhovden Bluff in the Gjelsvik Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Mapped from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Risen (the giant).

Medhovden Bluff
Medhovden Bluff (72°1′S 3°18′E﻿ / ﻿72.017°S 3.300°E﻿ / -72.017; 3.300) is a high ice-covered bluff with a steep, eastern rock face, forming the northeastern end of Risemedet Mountain in the Gjelsvik Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and was named "Medhovden" (the landmark bluff).
Rotenone
Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Rotenone is approved for use as a piscicide to remove alien fish species, see Uses. It has also been used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, but its use as an insecticide has been banned in many countries.

Isoflavone
Isoflavones are a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones occur in many plant species, but are especially high in soybeans.

Although isoflavones and closely related phytoestrogens are sold as dietary supplements, there is little scientific evidence for either the safety of long-term supplementation or of health benefits from these compounds. Some studies indicate that isoflavone supplementation may help lower the risk of hormone-related cancers.
Hyderabad State Forces
The Hyderabad State Forces were the armed forces of the princely state of Hyderabad. People from both India and abroad were recruited into the Forces. Among these groups were Arab nationals like Chaush and African nationals like Siddis who now stay in Barkas and A. C. Guards areas of Hyderabad respectively. The Hyderabad cavalry was chiefly composed of Muslim castes such as Mughals, Pathans, Syeds, Sheikhs and Balochs. They were principally recruited from the Deccan Plateau, but Delhi, Lucknow, Shahjahanpur, Sindh and Balochistan also supplied recruits to bolster ranks. These non-indigenous soldiers were known as the "Rohollas". The Hindus made a very small portion of the cavalry. The Nizam of Hyderabad also had about 1200 Sikh guards. Other battalions within the army were referred to with the suffix "-walas". Some troops were also supplied by the Europeans for the security of the Nizam.

Chaush
The Chaush or Chaus are a community of Hadhrami Arab descent found in the Deccan region of India.

The Chaush or Chaus were brought from Yemen to work in the former Hyderabad State as military men for the Nizams. It is said that especially when it came to safe guarding his family, the 7th Nizam had absolute trust on these Arab Soldiers. They are most concentrated in Marathwada, Telangana and Hyderabad-Karnataka regions, and most of their population is concentrated in the neighbourhoods of Barkas in Hyderabad, Shasha Mahallah in Karimnagar, Al-Tamash in Aurangabad. They also live in Adilabad, Asifabad, Kagaznagar, Nizamabad, Mahabubnagar and Warangal.
African dwarf kingfisher
This article discusses the African dwarf kingfisher, which is distinct from the Oriental dwarf kingfisher.

The African dwarf kingfisher (Ispidina lecontei) is a species of kingfisher in the Alcedininae subfamily.

John Cassin
John Cassin (September 6, 1813 – January 10, 1869) was an American ornithologist from Pennsylvania. He worked as curator and vice president at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences and focused on the systemic classification of the academy's extensive collection of birds. He was one of the founders of the Delaware County Institute of Science and published several books describing 194 new species of birds.  Five species of North American birds, a cicada, and a mineral are named in his honor.
Walter Devaram
Walter Issac Devaram (born 20 July 1939) is a retired Indian Police Service officer. He served as the director general of police for the state of Tamil Nadu.

He was a former Army officer before he sat for the IPS wherein he stood first in the order of merit. 
He curbed the Naxal menace with an iron hand during his stint as DIG/Vellore Range and Intelligence Unit Tamil Nadu Police. He led the joint forces set up by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka Government to apprehend the forest brigand, Veerappan. He also served as the vice chairman of the Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu. He retired from service on 31 July 1997.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Hong Kong cuisine
Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, European cuisines (especially British cuisine) and non-Cantonese Chinese cuisines (especially Hakka, Teochew, Hokkien and Shanghainese), as well as Japanese, Korean and Southeast Asian cuisines, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and a long history of being an international port of commerce. Complex combinations and international gourmet expertise have given Hong Kong the labels of "Gourmet Paradise" and "World's Fair of Food".

Egg tart
The egg tart (traditional Chinese: 蛋撻; simplified Chinese: 蛋挞; Cantonese Yale: daahn tāat; pinyin: dàntǎ) is a kind of custard tart found in Cantonese cuisine, derived from the English custard tart and Portuguese pastel de nata. The dish consists of an outer pastry crust filled with egg custard. Egg tarts are often served at dim sum restaurants, Chinese bakeries and cha chaan tengs (Hong Kong–style cafes).
Málaga Centro-Alameda railway station
Málaga Centro-Alameda is an underground railway station opened in 1976 in the Spanish city of Málaga, Andalucia. It serves as the city centre terminus for Cercanías Málaga lines C-1 to Fuengirola and C-2 to Álora. In 2023 the Málaga Metro's Guadalmedina station opened, a short walk from Centro-Alameda.

Guadalmedina (Málaga Metro)
Guadalmedina is an underground station serving Lines 1 and 2 of the Málaga Metro. It opened on 27 March 2023, serving Málaga city centre, and is the largest metro station in Andalusia, at 2,800 square metres in size.
Termitotroginae
Termitotroginae is a monotypic subfamily of the family Scarabaeidae, the scarab beetles. The only genus in the subfamily is Termititrox. A second genus, Aphodiocopris, Arrow, 1920, has been synonymised with Termitotrox. All known members of this subfamily are tiny, blind and flightless, and are termitophiles, dwelling within the fungal gardens of colonies of species of termite in Africa or tropical Asia.

Termitotrogins are characterised by having no eyes and no wings, and their pronotum and elytra have a distinctive patterning of ribs and grooves. The function of the beetles in the termite colony is unclear but it seems that they are likely to be obligatory termitophiles and somehow play an important role in the nest environment of their fungus-growing hosts.

Scarabaeidae
The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank (e.g., Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaresidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, and Pleocomidae), and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships
The 2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships was the eighth edition of the World Championships for road cycling for athletes with a physical disability. The Championships took place in Maniago in Italy from 2 to 5 August 2018.

UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships
The UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships are the world championships for road cycling where athletes with a physical disability compete, organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

The Championships were earlier administered by the International Paralympic Committee. The UCI and the IPC organized the 2006 IPC Cycling World Championships, combined track and road event.

The 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2007 IPC World Championships combined track and road events.
Geo Barents
Geo Barents is a rescue and salvage ship owned by Uksnøy & Co AS. She is currently chartered by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors Without Borders) for sea-rescue operations of refugees in the Mediterranean since June 2021. Geo Barents is the sixth ship chartered or operated by MSF for humanitarian missions. Geo Barents sails under the Norwegian flag.

Rescue and salvage ship
Rescue and salvage ships (hull classification symbol ARS) are a type of military salvage tug. They are tasked with coming to the aid of stricken vessels. Their general mission capabilities include combat salvage, lifting, towing, retraction of grounded vessels, off-ship firefighting, and crewed diving operations. They were common during World War II.
1933–34 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain
The 1933–34 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain was the fifth Kangaroo tour, and took the Australia national rugby league team around the north of England, to London and Paris. The tour also featured the 11th Ashes series which comprised three Test matches and was the first to be won by Great Britain in a clean sweep. The squad's outbound journey was marred by tragedy when Sydney University centre Ray Morris contracted meningitis en route and died in hospital. The tour match played at Stade Pershing in Paris on New Year's Day 1934 was the first rugby league international played in France.

Kangaroo Tour
Kangaroo Tour is the name given to Australia national rugby league team tours of Great Britain and France, tours to New Zealand and the one-off tour to Papua New Guinea (1991). The first Kangaroo Tour was in 1908. Traditionally, Kangaroo Tours took place every four years and involved a three-Test Ashes series against Great Britain (sometimes called Northern Union or The Lions) and a number of tour matches. The 1911/12 and 1921/22 tours were by the Australasian Kangaroos as both teams included New Zealand players. Some Kangaroo tours to Great Britain and France also included international friendly matches against Wales, though these games were not given test match status.

The last full Kangaroo Tour was in 1994, although shortened Kangaroo Tours took place in 2001 and again in 2003.

Since 1954, the Kangaroos have also made a number of overseas tours for multi-team tournaments such as the World Cup, Tri-Nations and Four Nations, however these are not classed as Kangaroo tours.
Turmerone
Turmerones are a group of related chemical compounds of the sesquiterpene class. They are found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), from which they derive their name, as well as other related plants such as Curcuma caesia. There are multiple structural types of turmerones which differ in the number and placement of double bonds including α-tumerone, β-turmerone (also known as curlone), and ar-turmerone. Each of these types consists of multiple stereoisomers.

A number of in vitro biological activities of turmerones have been reported, including antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antifungal activities.

Sesquiterpene
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be cyclic or contain rings, including many combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids.  It is estimated (2006) that 3000 sesquiterpenes have been identified.
1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 7 October 1951 and ended on 4 November 1951.

Borris-Ileigh were the defending champions.

On 4 November 1951, Holycross-Ballycahill won the championship after a 5–15 to 1–04 defeat of Clonoulty in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1948.

1950 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1950 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 1 October 1950 and ended 26 November 1950.

Borris-Ileigh were the defending champions.

On 26 November 1950, Borris-Ileigh won the championship after a 2–07 to 2–03 defeat of Carrick Davins in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Peron, Western Australia
Peron is an outer southern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, and is located within the City of Rockingham.

The suburb was gazetted in 1974. It is named for its location at Cape Peron although that land feature and the immediate locality are often called "Point Peron", both locally and in written references, and this has influenced the naming of roads and features in the locality. There is a small promontory on the south west of the Cape, though not its most westerly point, that is named "Point Peron".

During World War II, Point Peron hosted the Peron Battery, a coastal defence battery of the Fremantle Fortress.

Peron Battery
The Peron Battery, at Cape Peron, was the southernmost of the Fremantle Fortress coastal defence batteries in Western Australia. Also referred to as K Heavy Battery, it was established in January 1943 and, like the Challenger Battery on near-by Garden Island, it was equipped with two mobile 155 mm guns. Additionally, it also operated two 18-pounder guns which were withdrawn once the Collie Secondary Battery became operational on Garden Island. The duty of the main guns was to cover the southern access to Cockburn Sound while the 18-pounder guns protected the a boom net which spanned between Cape Peron and Garden Island. The main battery was withdrawn again in December 1944 but the observation post and one of the Panama mounts of the Peron Battery are still preserved and accessible.

The Peron Battery became Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places listed on 13 October 2019.
1968 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1968 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit Mont-Tremblant in St. Jovite, Quebec, Canada on September 22, 1968. It was race 10 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 90-lap race was won by McLaren driver Denny Hulme after starting from sixth position. Hulme's teammate Bruce McLaren finished second and BRM driver Pedro Rodríguez came in third.

After the success of the 1967 Canadian Grand Prix, the event was given a place on the 1968 calendar, but was moved from Mosport Park to the Circuit Mont-Tremblant. Attention centred on the battle for the Drivers' Championship, with Graham Hill leading on 30 points, closely followed by Jacky Ickx on 27, Jackie Stewart on 26 and defending champion Denny Hulme on 24.

1967 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1967 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Mosport Park in Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada on August 27, 1967. The 90-lap contest was race 8 of 11 in both the 1967 World Championship of Drivers and the 1967 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was won by Jack Brabham driving for his own Brabham team. This was the first Canadian Grand Prix to have World Championship status.

Having already changed his battery on the grid, losing six laps, local driver Al Pease spun his private Eagle-Climax and stalled out on the circuit during the race, and suffered another flat battery. He ran back to the pits for a new one, ran back to the car, fitted the battery himself and continued. He was still running at the finish, albeit 43 laps down on Brabham.
Saint-Germain-de-Montbron
Saint-Germain-de-Montbron (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ də mɔ̃bʁɔ̃], literally Saint-Germain of Montbron; Occitan: Sent German de Montberol) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

Montbron
Montbron (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃bʁɔ̃]; Limousin: Montberol) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France on the Tardoire river.

François Victor Alphonse Aulard (1849–1928) was born in Montbron. He was the first professional French historian of the French Revolution and of Napoleon.
Youngman Lotus L5
The Youngman Lotus L5 is a compact sedan and liftback saloon produced by Europestar, a Chinese automotive sub-brand of the British Lotus Group plc. The brand is the result of the joint-venture with the Chinese Jinhua Youngman Vehicle Co., Ltd. The brand was also known as Qingnian Kuaile (Chinese: 青年快乐(莲花), pinyin: qīngnián (liánhuā) or English: Youngman (Lotus).

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Harri Rindell
Harri Rindell (born January 17, 1954) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player. Rindell took over the head coaching duties for HIFK in the Finnish Liiga on February 28, 2014 as a mid-season replacement for Raimo Summanen.

Rindell played three seasons in the SM-liiga, registering 18 goals, 17 assists, 35 points, and 22 penalty minutes, while playing 104 games with HIFK between 1975–76 and 1977–78.

Raimo Summanen
Raimo Olavi Summanen (born March 2, 1962) is a former professional ice hockey forward and the former head coach of HIFK of the Finnish SM-liiga. He is also a former coach of the Finnish national team. He was selected by the Edmonton Oilers in the sixth round of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft, 125th overall, and spent his NHL career, which lasted from 1984 to 1987 with Edmonton and the Vancouver Canucks. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1979 to 1995, was mainly spent in the SM-liiga.
Stoic Opposition
The Stoic Opposition is the name given to a group of Stoic philosophers who actively opposed the autocratic rule of certain emperors in the 1st-century, particularly Nero and Domitian. Most prominent among them was Thrasea Paetus, an influential Roman senator executed by Nero.  They were held in high regard by the later Stoics Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius.  Thrasea, Rubellius Plautus and Barea Soranus were reputedly students of the famous Stoic teacher Musonius Rufus and as all three were executed by Nero they became known collectively as the Stoic martyrs.

Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan (/ˈluːkən/), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain). He is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period, known in particular for his epic Pharsalia. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets.