hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contrast transfer function
The contrast transfer function (CTF) mathematically describes how aberrations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) modify the image of a sample. This contrast transfer function (CTF) sets the resolution of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), also known as phase contrast TEM.

By considering the recorded image as a CTF-degraded true object, describing the CTF allows the true object to be reverse-engineered. This is typically denoted CTF-correction, and is vital to obtain high resolution structures in three-dimensional electron microscopy, especially electron cryo-microscopy. Its equivalent in light-based optics is the optical transfer function.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
2008 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying
The 2008 CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying was the twelfth edition of the CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying, the quadrennial, international, age-restricted football tournament organized by CONCACAF to determine which men's under-23 national teams from the North, Central America and Caribbean region qualify for the Olympic football tournament. It was held in the United States, from 11 and 23 March 2008.

Honduras won the title after with a 1–0 win over the United States in the final. As the top two teams, Honduras and the United States both qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in China as the CONCACAF representatives.

CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship
The CONCACAF Men's Olympic Qualifying Championship was an association football competition organized by CONCACAF as its continental qualifying tournament for the men's olympic teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean, to determine the qualified teams for the Olympic football tournament. The olympic teams were represented by amateur players (1964–1988) and later by under-23 players since 1992. The tournament was held from 1964 to 2020.

On 16 September 2021, CONCACAF announced that the representatives at the 2024 Summer Olympic Games will qualify through the 2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship.  The two finalists at the U-20 tournament will qualify for the Olympics in 2024.
Caribbean Socialist Party
The Caribbean Socialist Party was a political party in Trinidad and Tobago. Led by Patrick Solomon, it contested the 1950 general elections with the Butler Party, receiving 3% of the vote and winning a single seat, taken by A. P. T. James. It did not contest any further national elections.

Butler Party
The British Empire Citizens' and Workers' Home Rule Party, also known as the Butler Home Rule Party and more commonly as the Butler Party, were a series of political parties in Trinidad and Tobago organised by Tubal Uriah Butler.
Cerrina Monferrato
Cerrina Monferrato (population about 1,600) is a commune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Alessandria. Its municipal borders enclose an area of 17.3 square kilometres (6.7 sq mi) ranging in elevation from 158 to 422 metres (518 to 1,385 ft) above sea level. The commune borders Gabiano to the north, Mombello Monferrato to the east, Castelletto Merli and Odalengo Piccolo to the south, and Odalengo Grande and Villamiroglio to the west. The two principal population centres are Valle Cerrina which had a population of 583 at the time of the 2001 census, and Cerrina itself, the historic centre and capoluogo which had a population of 353. Montalero (pop. 35) and Rosingo (pop. 261) were both communes in their own right until 1928. The other settlements include Montaldo, Piancerreto and Gaminella: although the last lies mostly within the commune of Mombello Monferrato.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's combined
The men's combined was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics, and was held on Friday, October 28. 1904 was the second time a combined apparatus event was held at the Olympics, though the previous incarnation was more similar to the all-around turnverein which took place in July. The format of the combined, however, was the basis for later all-around type events.

An unknown number of gymnasts competed, only five are known, with possibly ten gymnasts competing in total. The scores were a sum of the gymnasts' scores in the parallel bars, horizontal bar, vault, and pommel horse events.

Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics of St. Louis, Missouri, eleven gymnastics events were contested for the first time.

The 1904 Games had a program of events spread out over several months, and the gymnastics competition was no different.  The International Olympic Committee considers two sets of events as "Olympic":

International Turners' Championship held July 1–2, comprising the all-around, triathlon, and team events

Olympic Gymnastics Championships held October 29, comprising the seven individual apparatus events and the combined event.

The individual all-around was a combination of the gymnastic triathlon competition and the athletics triathlon.  The team competition was a combination of individual scores from the individual all-around.
The parallel bars, horizontal bar, vault, and pommel horse scores for each gymnast were summed to get the combined score.
Luo Scientific Reserve
The Luo Scientific Reserve (French: Réserve Scientifique de Luo) is a protected area situated in the Ikela territory of Tshuapa province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.  The reserve covers 225.59 km2 (55,740 acres; 87.10 sq mi).

The reserve is in the territory of the Bongando people.
A Japanese team first started researching the bonobo population near the village of Wamba in 1973, and the Luo Scientific Reserve was established in 1990.
However, research was discontinued after political disorders started in 1991 followed by civil war in 1997, resuming only in the mid-2000s.

Tshuapa
Tshuapa is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tshuapa, Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, and Sud-Ubangi provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Équateur province.  Tshuapa was formed from the Tshuapa District whose town of Boende was elevated to capital city of the new province.
Odense Boldklub
Odense Boldklub (Danish pronunciation: [ˈoˀðn̩sə ˈpʌlˀtkʰlup]; also known as Odense BK or the more commonly used OB) is a Danish professional football club based in the city of Odense, in southern Denmark. The club has won three Danish championships and five Danish Cup trophies. OB play in the Danish Superliga and their home field is Nature Energy Park. OB's clubhouse is located in Ådalen near Odense River.

Danish 1st Division
The 1st Division (1. Division) is the second-highest football league in Denmark, also known as Betinia LIGA for sponsorship reasons. From 1945 to 1991, the 1. Division was the name of the highest level of football in Denmark. With the formation of the Danish Superliga, the 1st Division became the second tier of Danish football. While all the teams in the Superliga are full-time professional the 1. Division has a mixture of full-time professional and semi-professional teams.

The top-ranking teams each year win promotion to the Superliga, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Division.

Viaplay broadcasts all matches from the league.
Opcode prefix
In computing, an opcode prefix is a numeric value that alters the function of a following opcode. On some instruction set architectures multiple opcode prefixes are allowed sequentially, with all combining to alter the subsequent opcode. The opcode prefix is a portion of a larger machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.

In addition to the opcode, some instructions specify the operands the operation will act upon. Opcode prefixes may alter the number, size, or addressing mode of the operands.

RISC processors do not use opcode prefixes.

Operand
In mathematics, an operand is the object of a mathematical operation, i.e., it is the object or quantity that is operated on.

Unknown operands in equalities of expressions can be found by equation solving.
Zapadnoye Lake
Zapadnoye Lake (70°44′S 11°28′E﻿ / ﻿70.733°S 11.467°E﻿ / -70.733; 11.467) is a lake about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) long situated near the western end of the Schirmacher Hills, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named Ozero Zapadnoye (western lake).

Schirmacher Hills
Schirmacher Hills (70°45′S 11°40′E﻿ / ﻿70.750°S 11.667°E﻿ / -70.750; 11.667) is a line of low coastal hills, 11 nautical miles (20 km) long, with numerous meltwater ponds (Schirmacher Oasis), standing 40 nautical miles (70 km) north of the Humboldt Mountains along the coast of Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition under Alfred Ritscher, 1938–39, and named for Richardheinrich Schirmacher, pilot of the Boreas, one of the expedition seaplanes.
Phonophobia
Phonophobia, also called ligyrophobia or sonophobia, is a fear of or aversion to specific sounds—a type of specific phobia as well as a form of auditory hypersensitivity. 
Occasionally it is called acousticophobia. Although some sounds could be feared by most people, such as certain loud sounds or sounds that signal threats, fears of these sounds would not be considered phonophobia unless the amount of fear and anxiety was disproportionate. In phonophobia, the feared sounds may be ones that are soft and non-damaging, such as kitchen sounds or a door closing. Another example is watching someone blow up a balloon beyond its normal capacity. This is often an unsettling, even disturbing thing for a person with phonophobia to observe, as they anticipate a loud sound when the balloon pops.

Phonophobia generally leads to anxiety around and avoidance of contexts where individuals might be exposed to feared sounds. Such avoidance could risk making the auditory system more sensitive.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
2020 European Darts Grand Prix
The 2020 European Darts Grand Prix was the third PDC European Tour event on the 2020 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the Glaspalast, Sindelfingen, Germany from 16–18 October 2020. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Ian White was the defending champion, after defeating Peter Wright 8–7 in the 2019 final. However, he lost 7–6 to José de Sousa in the semi-finals.

De Sousa won his first European Tour title after beating Michael van Gerwen 8–4 in the final.

The tournament was postponed from its original date of 20–22 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

2019 European Darts Grand Prix
The 2019 European Darts Grand Prix was the sixth of thirteen PDC European Tour events on the 2019 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Glaspalast, Sindelfingen, Germany, from 10 to 12 May 2019. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Michael van Gerwen was the defending champion after defeating James Wade 8–3 in the final of the 2018 tournament, but he lost 6–3 to Peter Wright in the quarter-finals.

Ian White became the eighth player to win multiple European Tour titles after beating Wright 8–7 in the final. It was White's third consecutive final on the European Tour, a record matched only by Van Gerwen.
Stephen Cepello
Stephen Cepello (born June 29, 1949) is an American artist and former professional wrestler. As a wrestler, he was best known by his ring name, "The California Terminator" Steve Strong. After retiring from wrestling to focus on his art career, he was selected to paint the official Governor's Mansion and Minnesota State Capitol portraits of former wrestler and Governor of Minnesota Jesse Ventura.

NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship
The NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship was the primary tag team title of 50th State Big Time Wrestling and was defended between 1952 and 1979 when it was phased out. The title was later revived by the current incarnation of NWA Hawaii in 2000. It is the earliest regional tag team title in to be defended in the Pacific coast of the United States, along with the NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship, and was originally defended in Honolulu, Hawaii. As of 2007, it is defended in Kalihi, Kaneohe and Wahiawa, Hawaii.
Michael Frederick Musñgi
Michael Frederick de Leon Musñgi (born April 14, 1965) (commonly known as Mike Musñgi), is a Filipino lawyer, Associate Justice of the Sandiganbayan, and veteran public servant with over two decades of experience in both the Executive and Judicial branches of government. Since his appointment as Associate Justice in 2016, he has served with distinction, becoming Chairperson of the Court’s Fourth Division in 2022.

National Housing Authority (Philippines)
The National Housing Authority (NHA) is a government agency responsible for public housing in the Philippines.  Established on July 31, 1975, it is organized as a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development as an attached agency.
Haleh Esfandiari
Haleh Esfandiari (Persian: هاله اسفندیاری) (born March 3, 1940) is an Iranian-American academic and former Director of the Middle East Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Her areas of expertise include Middle Eastern women's issues, contemporary Iranian intellectual currents and politics, and democratic developments in the Middle East. She was detained in solitary confinement at Evin Prison in Tehran, Iran for more than 110 days from May 8 to August 21, 2007.

Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)
The Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: وزارت اطّلاعات جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanized: Vezarat-e Ettela'at Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran), also known as Ministry of Intelligence and Security is the primary intelligence agency of Iran and a member of the Iran Intelligence Community. It was initially known as SAVAMA, after it took over the Shah's intelligence apparatus SAVAK. The ministry is one of the three "sovereign" ministerial bodies of Iran due to nature of its work at home and abroad.
Chicago Bluesmen
The Chicago Bluesmen were an American professional roller hockey team based at the Fox Valley Ice Arena in Geneva, Illinois, that played in Roller Hockey International. The team was coached by Eric Schneider.

Geneva, Illinois
Geneva is a city in and the county seat of Kane County, Illinois, United States. It is located in the far western side of the Chicago suburbs. Per the 2020 census, the population was 21,393.

Geneva is part of a tri-city area, located between St. Charles and Batavia. The area experienced rapid population growth from the late 1980s through the mid-2000s as the Chicago suburbs spread to the west.

Geneva is located along the Fox River. Portions of the Fox River Trail and the Illinois Prairie Path pass through Geneva. The Fabyan Windmill, a Dutch windmill dating from the 1850s, is located here.
Harrison West
Harrison West is a historic urban neighborhood located northwest of downtown Columbus, Ohio. It sits on several blocks along the Olentangy River and includes the western part of the Near Northside Historic District, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The character of the neighborhood is similar to Victorian Village, which sits just to the east and is more well-known.

Victorian Village
Victorian Village is a neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio, United States, north and near west of downtown. It is an established neighborhood built when a streetcar line first ran along Neil Avenue around 1900 with a fair number of established trees for an urban setting. To preserve, protect and enhance the unique architectural and historical features, the Victorian Village Historic District was established in 1973. Columbus Monthly named this neighborhood the top place to live for Arts and Entertainment, with fun right around the corner in the Short North as its neighborhood hangout.
2020 Korean FA Cup
The 2020 Korean FA Cup, known as the 2020 Hana Bank FA Cup due to sponsorship agreement with Hana Bank, was the 25th edition of the Korean FA Cup. University clubs, including U-League teams, could not enter the competition since this year, and were replaced by K5 League teams.

The draw was held on 18 February 2020.

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors won their fourth FA Cup title, and qualified for the 2021 AFC Champions League group stage.

2021 AFC Champions League
The 2021 AFC Champions League was the 40th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 19th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Al-Hilal won their fourth title by defeating Pohang Steelers 2–0 in the final, becoming the most successful team in the history of the competition. As winners, they automatically qualified for the 2022 AFC Champions League (although they had already qualified through their domestic performance). They also earned the right to play in the 2021 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates and the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States.

The tournament was the first to involve 40 teams during the group stage, with an increase from the previous 32 teams.

Ulsan Hyundai of South Korea were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals by fellow South Korean club Pohang Steelers.
Maji, Ethiopia
Maji (Amharic: ማጂ) (also Machi) is a town in south western Ethiopia. It is located on the Boma Plateau, lying in the West Omo Zone of the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region, and has a longitude and latitude of 6°12′N 35°35′E﻿ / ﻿6.200°N 35.583°E﻿ / 6.200; 35.583 with an elevation variously given as 2,104, 2,258 and 2,430 meters above sea level. The town is the administrative center for the Maji woreda.

Postal service in Maji started at some time between 1923 and 1932. From the 1930s the town had a customs post and a telephone station. The town is served by Tum Airport (ICAO code HAMJ).

West Omo Zone
West Omo or Mirab Omo is a Zone in the Ethiopian South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region. West Omo is located at Ethiopia's southern margin, where Maji and Surma woredas are bordering Kenya, encompassing the area to the west of the Omo River. The area is dominantly inhabited by the Dizi, Suri and Me'enit communities.

West Omo Zone has seven districts and 116 kebeles (112 rural and 4 urban).
Holden Commodore (VF)
The Holden Commodore (VF) is a full-size car that was produced from June 2013 to October 2017 by Holden, the former Australian subsidiary of General Motors. It was available under the luxury Holden Calais nameplate; utility models were sold as the Holden Ute.

It succeeded the VE series, and was the second iteration of the fourth generation of the Holden Commodore. It was the last model in the series to be manufactured in Australia. It was offered as a sedan and wagon. The long-wheelbase Holden Caprice (WN) released in 2013.

From 2013 to 2017 the VF Commodore was rebadged in the United States as the Chevrolet SS. Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) sold VF Commodore-based models in the Gen-F series, HSV also sold models in the United Kingdom under Vauxhall VXR8 range.

In December 2013, General Motors (GM) announced that it would discontinue all Australian production in 2017.

Full-size car
Full-size car, also known as large car, is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars. It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car, while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment.
Wilmington and Western 98
Wilmington and Western 98 is a preserved 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive, built in January 1909 by the American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Schenectady Works in Schenectady, New York, for the Mississippi Central (MSCI). It is preserved and operated by the Wilmington and Western Railroad (WWRC).

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
NGC 6044
NGC 6044 is a lenticular galaxy located about 465 million light-years away in the constellation Hercules. NGC 6044 was discovered by astronomer Lewis Swift on June 27, 1886. It was then rediscovered by astronomer Guillaume Bigourdan on June 8, 1888. NGC 6044 is a member of the Hercules Cluster.

Hercules (constellation)
Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythology hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the second-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is the fifth-largest of the modern constellations and is the largest of the 50 which have no stars brighter than apparent magnitude +2.5.