hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Bojadła
Gmina Bojadła is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bojadła, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 102.55 square kilometres (39.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,267.

Zielona Góra County
Zielona Góra County (Polish: powiat zielonogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zielona Góra, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Sulechów, which lies 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Nowogród Bobrzański, which lies 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra, Babimost, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Czerwieńsk, which lies 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and Kargowa, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.

The county covers an area of 1,349.75 square kilometres (521.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 75,626. The most populated towns are Sulechów with 16,831 inhabitants and Nowogród Bobrzański with 5,165 inhabitants.
Püskumadal
Püskumadal (also known as Piskumadal) is a small islet in the Baltic Sea belonging to the country of Estonia. Püskumadal lies just off the northwest coast of the island of Saaremaa, and is administratively part of Atla village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County and is also part of Vilsandi National Park.

Saaremaa Parish
Saaremaa Parish, also known as Saaremaa Municipality (Estonian: Saaremaa vald), is a municipality in Saare County in western Estonia. It is the largest municipality by land area and largest rural municipality – or parish – by population in Estonia. The administrative centre of the municipality is its only town Kuressaare.

It is one of three parishes comprising the county, along with Muhu and Ruhnu Parish. It was formed following the 2017 Estonian municipal reform on 21 October 2017 on the basis of all twelve former Saaremaa municipalities: Kuressaare town and Kihelkonna, Laimjala, Leisi, Lääne-Saare, Mustjala, Orissaare, Pihtla, Pöide, Salme, Torgu and Valjala parishes.
António Barroso
António José de Sousa Barroso GCC GCNSC (5 November 1854 – 31 August 1918) was a Portuguese missionary and prelate of the Catholic Church, who was Prelate of Mozambique from 1891 to 1897, Bishop of Saint Thomas of Mylapore from 1897 to 1899, and thence Bishop of Porto until his death.

The cause for his canonization was officially opened in 1992 by Archbishop Júlio Tavares Rebimbas. In June 2017, Pope Francis officially recognized a decree from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints stating that he lived a life of "heroic virtues" — a major step towards beatification — and he is now referred to as "Venerable".

Júlio Tavares Rebimbas
Júlio Tavares Rebimbas (21 June 1922 – 6 December 2010) was the Roman Catholic archbishop (personal title) of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto, Portugal.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1945, Tavares Rebimbas was named bishop in 1965 and became bishop of the Porto Diocese in 1982 and retired in 1997.
Reactor (software)
Reactor is a physics engine developed by the Irish software company Havok for use in Autodesk 3ds Max. Reactor was fully integrated with 3ds Max from versions 5 to 2011. In 3ds Max 2012, Reactor was replaced by a PhysX-based engine called MassFX. Reactor was often used for realistic physics simulation that would be difficult or time-consuming to animate by hand.

PhysX
PhysX is an open-source realtime physics engine middleware SDK developed by Nvidia as part of the Nvidia GameWorks software suite.

Initially, video games supporting PhysX were meant to be accelerated by PhysX PPU (expansion cards designed by Ageia). However, after Ageia's acquisition by Nvidia, dedicated PhysX cards have been discontinued in favor of the API being run on CUDA-enabled GeForce GPUs. In both cases, hardware acceleration allowed for the offloading of certain physics calculations from the CPU, allowing it to perform other tasks instead.

PhysX and other middleware physics engines are used in many video games today because they allow game developers to save development time by not having to write their own code that implements classical mechanics (Newtonian physics) to do, for example, soft body dynamics.
Protein contact map
A protein contact map represents the distance between all possible amino acid residue pairs of a three-dimensional protein structure using a binary two-dimensional matrix. For two residues  and , the  element of the matrix is 1 if the two residues are closer than a predetermined threshold, and 0 otherwise. Various contact definitions have been proposed: The distance between the Cα-Cα atom with threshold 6-12 Å; distance between Cβ-Cβ atoms with threshold 6-12 Å (Cα is used for Glycine); and distance between the side-chain centers of mass.

Protein secondary structure
Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as well. Secondary structure elements typically spontaneously form as an intermediate before the protein folds into its three dimensional tertiary structure.

Secondary structure is formally defined by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone. Secondary structure may alternatively be defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds.

The concept of secondary structure was first introduced by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang at Stanford in 1952. Other types of biopolymers such as nucleic acids also possess characteristic secondary structures.
Great Lakes National Cemetery
Great Lakes National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Holly, Oakland County, Michigan. It was established in 2005, and is one of two national cemeteries in Michigan (the other being Fort Custer). Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the cemetery covers 544 acres and, as of 2024, had over 55,000 interments. This is the largest Cemetery in Michigan and the 6th busiest Veterans Cemetery in the United States.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Philoponella vicina
Philoponella vicina is a species of spider that does not use venom (characteristic of Uloboridae), but instead wraps its prey in hundreds of metres of spider silk to crush it to death. The spider then goes on to regurgitate digestive fluid into the shroud, then consuming the pre-digested liquid.

Stabilimenta occur in more than half of constructed orbs, most commonly with two lines pointing up and down from the spider. If only one radius is constructed, it is mostly constructed above the spider. Some spiders build resting webs that are not used for prey capture. These also sometimes feature stabilimenta, suggesting that prey capture plays no role in its construction. When disturbed, the spider flees up one of the stabilimentum lines.

Uloboridae
Uloboridae is a family of non-venomous spiders, known as cribellate orb weavers or hackled orb weavers. Their lack of venom glands is a secondarily evolved trait. Instead, they wrap their prey thoroughly in silk, cover it in regurgitated digestive enzymes, and then ingest the liquified body.
Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault was one of six jumping events on the athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on Friday, July 24, 1908. 15 pole vaulters from seven nations competed. It is the only one of the 111 events featured in 1908 to not have any competitors from the host nation. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Edward Cook and Alfred Carlton Gilbert of the United States, the nation's fourth consecutive victory in the men's pole vault. The tie was permitted, rather than a jump-off being held, due to the length of the competition. Similarly, bronze medals were awarded to all three men who had cleared 3.58 metres for third place. Sweden and Canada thus received their first medals in the pole vault, while the United States had the unusual distinction of winning three medals in an event but not sweeping.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London, England, 26 athletics events were contested, all for men only. A total of 79 medals (27 gold, 27 silver, 25 bronze) were awarded.

Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events.  In the team races (the medley relay and the 3 mile team race), each nation entered one team.  The medley relay was run by four athletes, with four alternates allowed.  In the 3 mile team race, five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting.

The competition was restricted to amateurs, and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association.
Fused (album)
Fused is the second solo album by Black Sabbath guitarist Tony Iommi, released in 2005. The album also features vocalist/bassist Glenn Hughes (who briefly “fronted” Black Sabbath in the mid-1980s, assuming vocal duties on the album Seventh Star – an album that was originally intended to be Iommi's first solo album) and drummer Kenny Aronoff.

The album was recorded in Monnow Valley Studios, Wales in December 2004 and BHM's studio in Warwickshire, England, and was produced, engineered and mixed by Bob Marlette (who also contributed keyboards and bass on the album), with additional production by Tony Iommi.  Fused reached number 34 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart.

A two-LP edition on vinyl was released in 2024.

Seventh Star
Seventh Star is the twelfth studio album by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. Released on 28 January 1986 in the United States and on 21 February 1986 in the United Kingdom, it features founding guitarist Tony Iommi alongside musicians Geoff Nicholls, Eric Singer, and Dave Spitz, playing keyboards, drums, and bass, respectively, and Glenn Hughes, ex-Deep Purple and ex-Trapeze vocalist, as lead singer. The album was the group's first release without bassist and primary lyricist Geezer Butler, who left the band in 1984 after the Born Again tour. It was originally written, recorded, and intended to be the first solo album by Iommi. Because of the pressures from Warner Bros. Records and the prompting of band manager Don Arden, the record was billed as Black Sabbath featuring Tony Iommi. Despite the issues behind the release's production, it earned moderate commercial success, reaching No. 27 in the UK and No. 78 on the Billboard 200 chart.
Energy Traders Europe
Energy Traders Europe or EFET (formerly the European Federation of Energy Traders) is a trade association of European energy traders in markets for wholesale electricity and gas. EFET advocates policies and regulatory measures which allow electricity and gas trading to develop freely while encouraging good risk management practices and responsible corporate governance. In its role as a standard setting body, EFET aims to provide standard solutions to common aspects of wholesale energy transactions, such as contracting and data exchange.

EFET depends on the cooperation of grid operators, regulators, brokers, exchanges, and other relevant actors. Therefore, EFET maintains frequent contact and exchange with the European Commission, ACER, ENTSO-E, etc., and similar bodies at national/regional level. On national/regional level, EFET cooperates with other trading associations such as TOE for the Polish market or Energy Traders Deutschland for the German market.

Energy liberalisation
Energy liberalisation refers to the liberalisation of energy markets, with specific reference to electricity generation markets, by bringing greater competition into electricity and gas markets in the interest of creating more competitive markets and reductions in price by privatisation. As the supply of electricity is a natural monopoly, this entails complex and costly systems of regulation to enforce a system of competition.

A strong drive for liberalisation occurred in European Union energy markets at the turn of the millennium, directed by European Commission directives favouring market liberalisation promulgated in 1996, 2003, and 2009. These programmes were supported with the interest of increasing the interconnectedness of European energy markets and building the common market. Similar initiatives, to varying degrees, have been pursued in nations around the world, such as Argentina, Chile, and the United States.
Warcraft: The Sunwell Trilogy
Warcraft: The Sunwell Trilogy is a collection of three volumes of OEL manga, written by Richard Knaak, illustrated by Kim Jae-hwan, and published by Tokyopop. The series is based on Blizzard Entertainment's Warcraft universe and follows the adventures of Kalec, a blue dragon who takes the form of a human to investigate a mysterious power, and Anveena, a beautiful young maiden with an enchanting secret.

Original English-language manga
An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English. The term "international manga", as used by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, encompasses all foreign comics which draw inspiration from the "form of presentation and expression" found in Japanese manga. This may also apply to manga-inspired comics made in other languages.
Wassmer WA-51 Pacific
The Wassmer WA-51 Pacific is a French four-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by Société Wassmer. Different-powered variants include the Wassmer WA-52 Europa and the Wassmer WA-54 Atlantic.  It was the world's first composite material-built aircraft.

Lycoming O-320
The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of naturally aspirated, 320 cu in (5.2 L) air-cooled, horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, direct-drive engines produced by Lycoming Engines. Introduced in 1953, it is commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee, and remains in production as of 2024.  Different variants are rated for 150 or 160 horsepower (112 or 119 kilowatts).
The Silver Sword
The Silver Sword is a children's novel written by Ian Serraillier, originally illustrated by C. Walter Hodges, published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape in 1956 and then by Puffin Books in 1960. It has also been published in the United States under the title Escape From Warsaw.

The story is of a Polish family in the Second World War. It is based on fact, although fictional names are given to a few of the places mentioned. The account of the Red Army on the march is derived from eyewitness accounts in Jan Stransky's East Wind over Prague. In an afterword to the 2003 edition Jane Serraillier Grossfeld, the author's daughter, identifies a Picture Post article about the Pestalozzi children's village as a source. The Silver Sword has been adapted for television and radio.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Qarah Aghaj-e Olya, West Azerbaijan
Qarah Aghaj-e Olya (Persian: قره اغاج عليا, also Romanized as Qarah Āghāj-e ‘Olyā; also known as Qarah Āghāj and Qareh Āghāj) is a village in Bakeshluchay Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 376, in 101 families.

Bakeshluchay Rural District
Bakeshluchay Rural District (Persian: دهستان بکشلوچای) is in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Emamzadeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kashtiban.
Shoghakat Church of Tabriz
The Shoghakat Church or Shoghagat Church (Armenian: Թաւրիզի Սուրբ Շողակաթ եկեղեցի, Շողակաթ եկեղեցի, T’avrizhi Surb Shoghakat yekeghets’i, Persian: کلیسای شوغاگات مقدس) is an Armenian Apostolic church in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran completed in 1940.

Armenian Prelacy of Atrpatakan
The Armenian Prelacy of Atrpatakan (Armenian: Ատրպատականի հայոց թեմ ; Persian: خلیفه‌گری ارامنه آذربایجان), is Oriental Orthodox Christian diocese (or eparchy) of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Tabriz, Azerbaijan, Iran. It is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholicossate of the Great House of Cilicia, seated in Antelias. The Diocese of Atrpatakan is currently headed by Archbishop Grigor Chiftchian.

Armenian Apostolic Diocese of Atrpatakan has been based in Lilava district since relocating from Monastery of Saint Thaddeus in 1845. Its main cathedral in Tabriz is Saint Mary Church.
Intonjane
Intonjane is a Xhosa rite of passage into womanhood practiced in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.  The ritual takes place after a girl has had her first period. This ritual is symbolic of a girl's sexual maturity and ability to conceive. It is through this ritual that girls are taught about socially accepted behaviours of Xhosa women, while also encouraging them not to have sex before marriage. 
The origin of the name intonjane is associated with the life cycle of a stick insect. At the end of its larval stage, caterpillars encase themselves in a little grass-like mat cocoon until they are ready to emerge as adults. During these months, trees have these grassy cocoons that Xhosa people refer to as ntonjane. The kind of grass that the girl sits on during the ritual, called inkxopho, bears a resemblance to the cocoons encasing of the caterpillars on the tree, hence the name intonjane. The intonjane ritual takes three to six weeks, and several events take place during that period.

Rite of passage
A rite of passage is a ceremony or ritual of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of status in society. In cultural anthropology, the term is the anglicisation of rite de passage, a French term innovated by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep in his work Les rites de passage, The Rites of Passage. The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.
Congress of Labor Organizations
The Congress of Labor Organizations (CLO) was a trade union federation in the Philippines. It was formed in 1945 by Hukbalahap guerillas who had been members of the Collective Labor Movement. Its first president was Cipriano Cid of the Philippine Trade Union Council. The CLO controlled labor unions in all major industries in Panay and Manila, representing a significant percentage of the organized labor force therein and was the dominant labor federation of the period immediately after World War II.

The CLO was part of the Democratic Alliance, a leftist political party led by the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas. Its president during the mid-1960s was Amado V. Hernandez.

Democratic Alliance (Philippines)
The Democratic Alliance was a leftist party in the Philippines created on July 15, 1945, primarily composed of members of the National Peasants Union of the Hukbalahap, the Committee of Labor Organizations of the Communist Party of the Philippines, the Filipino Blue Eagle Guerrillas, and other organizations. The party supported and endorsed the bid of incumbent president Sergio Osmeña and the Nacionalista Party during the 1946 presidential elections against Manuel Roxas and the Nacionalista's liberal wing (now the Liberal Party) due to the latter's sympathetic attitude toward Filipino collaborators of the Japanese during World War II and close affiliation with "vested-interest landlord groups".
NHL on television in the 1960s
From 1965 through 1975, in addition to the Saturday night game on CBC, Hockey Night in Canada also produced and broadcast a Wednesday night game on CTV, CBC's privately owned competitor; beginning in the 1975–76 NHL season, these midweek games would begin to be broadcast by local stations.

After CBS ended its four-year run of airing Saturday afternoon regular season games from 1956–57 to 1959–60, the NHL did not return to American network television until NBC televised selected 1966 playoff games. The clinching game of the 1966 Stanley Cup Finals then aired on RKO General-owned stations. CBS later agreed to air weekend afternoon regular-season games and playoff games from 1966–67 to 1971–72. Due to other programming commitments, CBS subleased its 1966-67 regular-season games to RKO General.

1971–72 NHL season
The 1971–72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League. Fourteen teams each played 78 games. The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals.
Amy Lehpamer
Amy Lehpamer is an Australian musical theatre performer, known for her lead roles in stage productions of The Sound of Music, Dusty: The Musical and The Rocky Horror Show. She has also had television roles.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards are accolades for live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001.

The annual awards recognise achievements in the disciplines of musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. Over forty awards are given to productions, festivals and concerts, and for individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design.

They are named in honour of ballet dancer, choreographer, director and actor Sir Robert Helpmann.

The awards are the Australian equivalent of the United States' Tony Awards for Broadway theatre and the United Kingdom's Laurence Olivier Awards for West End theatre.

The Helpmann Awards were last awarded in 2019. LPA cancelled the 2020 and 2021 awards due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No public statement has been made for subsequent years.