hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Margarine Reference
Reference Re Validity of Section 5(a) of the Dairy Industry Act (1949),  also known as the Margarine Reference or as Canadian Federation of Agriculture v Quebec (AG), is a leading ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, upheld on appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on determining if a law is within the authority of the Parliament of Canada's powers relating to criminal law.  In this particular case, the Court found that a regulation made by Parliament was ultra vires. Though the regulation contained sufficient punitive sanctions, the subject matter contained within it was not the kind that served a public purpose.

The case was decided by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on appeal from the Supreme Court of Canada, as the cause for appeal arose before the abolition of such appeals in 1949. The decision by Rand J was upheld in 1951, and the case has been cited in federalism disputes many times since.

Section 91(2) of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 91(2) of the Constitution Act, 1867, also known as the trade and commerce power, grants the Parliament of Canada the authority to legislate on:

2.  The Regulation of Trade and Commerce.

The development of Canadian constitutional law has given this power characteristics that are unique from those that are specified in the United States Constitution's Commerce Clause and the Australian Constitution's interstate trade and commerce power.
Kali Masjid, Jalna
The Kali Masjid, also known as the Jumma Masjid, is a Friday mosque, located in the Old City of Jalna, in the Jalna district of the state of Maharashtra, India. The 16th-century mosque is known for its unique architectural features with black stones and rich cultural heritage, and is a tourist attraction for the region.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
1988 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1988 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 80th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 24 September 1988 at Mitchel Park, between Portaferry and Ballycran, in what was their first meeting in the final in two years. Portaferry won the match to claim their 11th championship title overall and a first title in six years.

Down Senior Hurling Championship
The Down Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Morgan Fuels Down GAA Senior Hurling Championship and abbreviated to the Down SHC) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Down GAA clubs. The Down County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1903. Ballycran won the 2021 championship defeating Portaferry in the Final after extra time.

Portaferry are the title holders, defeating Ballycran by 0-20 to 0-16 in the 2023 final.
Arenibek
Arenibek is a village in Buada district, Nauru, around the Buada Lagoon, which forms a depression within the plateau.

The population (estimated at 673 inhabitants in 2002) is distributed there along a road which surrounds the Buada Lagoon, itself connected to Island Ring Road, Nauru's main road. There is a Protestant temple there.

Buada district
Buada is a district in the Pacific island nation of Nauru. It is the only district in Buada constituency. It has a population of 969 (2021). Several things are special about Buada compared to the coastal areas, it is entirely inland, it has a lagoon, and the soil and vegetation here are richer.
Chiesina Uzzanese
Chiesina Uzzanese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pistoia in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Florence and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Pistoia.

Chiesina Uzzanese borders the following municipalities: Altopascio, Buggiano, Fucecchio, Montecarlo, Pescia, Ponte Buggianese, Uzzano.

Fucecchio
Fucecchio (Italian pronunciation: [fuˈtʃekkjo]) is a town and comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany. The main economical resources of the city are the leather industries, shoes industry and other manufacturing activities, although in the recent years their number has been decreasing because of a slight recession started.

The medieval town of Fucecchio is mentioned frequently in the opera Gianni Schicchi (1917) by Giacomo Puccini – one character, Simone, was once its podestà, and some of the estates to be distributed are situated there.
Real Estate Counseling Group of America
The Real Estate Counseling Group of America (RECGA) is an American group of recognized experts, each a principal in a firm that provides real estate valuations or similar, that provides a wide variety of professional expertise and resource skills to the industry in the United States. The organization limits itself to 30 active members at any one time.

Appraisal Institute
The Appraisal Institute (AI), headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, is an international association of professional real estate appraisers. It was founded in January 1991 when the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers (AIREA) and the Society of Residential Appraisers merged. The AIREA and the Society were respectively founded in 1932 and 1935. Real estate appraisal emerged as a profession at this point in response to the crash of home values as a result of the Great Depression, building on the intellectual frameworks developed over the course of the 1920s by land value theorists like Ernest McKinley Fisher, Frederick Babcock, Homer Hoyt, and Richard T. Ely. As of February 2007, the Appraisal Institute has more than 21,000 members and 99 chapters throughout the United States, Canada, and overseas.

The group publishes the Appraisal Journal.
One-tamlueng coin
The tamlueng (Thai: ตำลึง) was a historic Thai currency unit used during the pre-decimal era of the Thai baht. One tamueng was equal to  4 baht, making it one of the biggest denominations in the traditional Thai monetary system.

One-baht coin
The one-baht coin is a denomination coin of the Thai baht, the Thai currency unit.

Like all coins in Thailand, its obverse features the King of Thailand, Vajiralongkorn, and previously Bhumibol Adulyadej. The newest set of coins features King Vajiralongkorn's royal monogram on the reverse side while the coins of the previous set featured Wat Phra Sri Rattana Satsadaram or Wat Phra Kaew, the royal temple in Bangkok's Grand Palace complex.

It is commonly called rian baht (Thai:เหรียญบาท) by Thai speakers (rian meaning "coin" in Thai).
Namdalseid Municipality
Namdalseid is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 to 1846 and then again from 1904 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined Namsos Municipality. It was part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Namdalseid. Other villages and farm areas in the municipality included Sjøåsen, Statland, Tøttdalen, and Sverkmoen.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 770-square-kilometre (300 sq mi) municipality was the 144th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Namdalseid Municipality was the 348th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,576. The municipality's population density was 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 8.4% over the previous decade.

Sjøåsen
Sjøåsen is a village in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at the mouth of the river Årgårdselva at the end of the Løgnin arm of the Namsenfjorden.

It is located along the Norwegian County Road 17 at the intersection with Norwegian County Road 766, which goes north to the neighboring Flatanger Municipality and Osen Municipality.
Bengaline
Bengaline is a rayon-and-cotton material which became fashionable for women and children to wear in the 1880s and 1890s. It offered the impression of genuine silk but was made with lesser amounts of silk than cotton. Lizzie Borden stated at her August 1892 inquest that she was wearing a dress made of bengaline silk on the morning she was accused of murdering her father and stepmother.

The fabric went out of fashion when completely smooth-surfaced materials became popular. Piqué, coachman's whipcord, diagonal serge, and surah are similar to bengaline silk. Surah was once known in France as silk serge.

Bengaline silk sold for $2.50 per yard in 1889 but was sometimes discounted to sell for $1.25 per yard. A heavy lined, long cloak for infants,  with deep bengaline silk embroidery, retailed for $7.98 at a Manhattan, New York clothing shop, in 1893. Diagonal striped dresses featuring the fabric were popular in the spring of 1912.

Twill
Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of parallel, diagonal ribs. It is one of three fundamental types of weave, along with plain weave and satin. It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step", or offset, between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Due to this structure, twill generally drapes well.
Andrew Taylor (businessman)
Andrew Taylor (born 2 November 1957 in Plymouth, England) was previously chairman and CEO of McDonald's UK. He attended the University of Leicester.

Taylor became the 23rd chairman of Leicester City on 14 April 2006, replacing Jim McCahill. He had been a fan of the club for more than 30 years. He resigned on 1 February 2007, being replaced by Milan Mandarić.

Milan Mandarić
Milan Mandarić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Мандарић; 5 September 1938 – 4 October 2025) was a Serbian-American businessman who owned a string of businesses and association football clubs, including Portsmouth, Leicester City and Sheffield Wednesday. He was most recently the vice-president of Serbian Superliga team Vojvodina.
2011 Baden Masters
The 2011 Baden Masters were held from September 2 to 4 in Baden, Switzerland. It was the first event of the Men's World Curling Tour for the 2011–12 curling season. The total purse of the event was 29,000 Swiss francs (CHF).

Baden Masters
The Baden Masters is an annual men's curling tournament, held in early September/late August in Baden, Switzerland. It is the first curling tournament of the European Curling Champions Tour (CCT) season and is part of the World Curling Tour. It was first held in 2000 and it became a CCT event in 2005.

In 2021, for the first time in the event's twenty-one year history, two women's teams competed alongside the men's field: 2018 Olympic Gold Medalists Team Anna Hasselborg from Sweden and Team Irene Schori of Limmattal, Switzerland.
Cass County Courthouse (Iowa)
The Cass County Courthouse in Atlantic, Iowa, United States, was built in 1934 as the first courthouse in the state built with funding from the Public Works Administration (PWA). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of Iowa Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the third structure to house court functions and county administration.

Atlantic, Iowa
Atlantic is a city in and the county seat of Cass County, Iowa, United States, located along the East Nishnabotna River. The population was 6,792 in the 2020 census, a decline from the 7,257 population in 2000.
Revolutionary Democratic Front
The Revolutionary Democratic Front (Spanish: Frente Democrático Revolucionario, FDR) was a coalition of mass organizations in El Salvador. It was aligned with the FMLN guerrilla movement in the Salvadoran Civil War. The FDR was formed in 1980, through the merger of the Salvadoran Democratic Front and the Revolutionary Mass Coordination, itself an alliance of the People's Revolutionary Bloc, the People's Liberation Movement, the February 28 Popular Leagues, the Unified Popular Action Front, and the Union of Democratic Nationalists. In 1987, the constituent organizations rebranded as the Democratic Convergence Party and participated in politics legally for the first time in the 1991 election, receiving 12.16% of the vote.

Unified Popular Action Front
Unified Popular Action Front (Spanish: Frente de Acción Popular Unificada) was a revolutionary mass front in El Salvador, linked to the National Resistance Armed Forces. FAPU was formed in 1974. It consisted of trade union, student, peasants and teachers organizations.

In 1980 FAPU was one of the founding organizations of Coordinadora Revolucionaria de Masas.
Princeton: A Search for Answers
Princeton: A Search for Answers is a 1973 American short documentary film, directed by Julian Krainin and DeWitt Sage, and produced for the Princeton University Undergraduate Admissions Office as a recruiting film. In 1974, it won the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) at the 46th Academy Awards.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Capelle Schollevaar railway station
The Capelle Schollevaar railway station, also known as Capelle Schollevaer, is a railway station in Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands, located on the Utrecht–Rotterdam railway between Rotterdam and Gouda. The railway station was opened in 1981 and has two platforms; it is located near to the "De Scholver" shopping mall.

Gouda railway station
Gouda is a railway station in Gouda, Netherlands. The station opened on 21 May 1855 when the Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (Dutch Rijn Railway Company) opened the Utrecht–Rotterdam railway. The Gouda–Den Haag railway to The Hague was opened in 1870, and the connection to Alphen a/d Rijn in 1934.

Trains running between Den Haag Centraal / Rotterdam Centraal and Utrecht Centraal call at the station, as well as the RijnGouweLijn connection to Alphen a/d Rijn.

In November 1944, during World War II, the strategically located railway station was bombed by the Royal Air Force. The main building of the railway station was severely damaged; traces of the bombing are visible to this day on platforms 3 and 5. In 1948 a new building was constructed out of the remaining first floor of the old building. This was replaced by the current building in 1984. In 2022 the building and related nearby infrastructure were renovated.
Ap Lei Chau North (constituency)
Ap Lei Chau North is one of the 17 constituencies in the Southern District, Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Southern District Council, with an election every four years.

Ap Lei Chau North constituency is loosely based on the northeastern part of Ap Lei Chau including private apartments Marina Habitat and Sham Wan Towers with estimated population of 13,025.

Ap Lei Chau
Ap Lei Chau or Aberdeen Island is an island of Hong Kong, located off Hong Kong Island next to Aberdeen Harbour and Aberdeen Channel. It has an area of 1.30 square kilometres (0.50 sq mi) after land reclamation. Administratively it is part of the Southern District. Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands on earth.

In the 2000s, the Guinness World Records called it the world's most densely populated island on their website.
Campania (Catholic ecclesiastical region)
The ecclesiastical region of Campania is one of the sixteen ecclesiastical regions of the Catholic Church in Italy. It consists of three ecclesiastical provinces, twenty-two dioceses, one territorial prelature, and two territorial abbeys. Its territory roughly corresponds with the Italian Republic homonymous region's one.

Archdiocese of Naples
The Archdiocese of Naples (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Napoli; Neapolitan: Arcidiocesi 'e Napule); Latin: Archidioecesis Neapolitana) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church  in southern Italy, the see being in Naples. A Christian community was founded there in the 1st century AD and the diocese of Naples was raised to the level of an Archdiocese in the 10th century.  Two Archbishops of Naples have been elected Pope, Paul IV and Innocent XII.

In 2004 it counted c. 1,600,000 baptized people.

The current ordinary of the Archdiocese of Naples is Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe. Lucio Lemmo and Gennaro Acampa are auxiliary
bishops.

In the foreword to the Summa Theologica, the famous theological summary of the Catholic Church's doctrines, where a biography of the author, Saint Thomas Aquinas, is found, it is mentioned that he was offered the post of Archbishop of Naples (in the 1200s), which even then was one of the most prominent archdioceses, but turned it down.
Central Lowlands
56°24′29″N 4°02′38″W﻿ / ﻿56.408°N 4.044°W﻿ / 56.408; -4.044

The Central Lowlands, sometimes called the Midland Valley or Central Valley, is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying  land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to the north, northwest and the Southern Uplands, which lie south of the associated second fault line. It is the most populated of Scotland’s three geographical regions.

Rift valley
A rift valley is a linear shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges produced by the action of a geologic rift. Rifts are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the lithosphere due to extensional tectonics. The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion. More generally the valley is likely to be filled with sedimentary deposits derived from the rift flanks and the surrounding areas. In many cases rift lakes are formed. One of the best known examples of this process is the East African Rift. On Earth, rifts can occur at all elevations, from the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in continental crust or in oceanic crust. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary or co-extensive valleys, which are typically considered part of the principal rift valley geologically.
2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships
The 2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships were held at the Uzbekistan Sport Complex and Gymnastics Sport Complex in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from 7 to 17 December 2021.

In agreement with the IWF, the event - having been postponed twice before (in Singapore and, from the previous year, Nauru) - was held within that year's World Championships. After the Omicron variant emerged, updated border restrictions rendered athletes from several Commonwealth countries unable to enter Uzbekistan, and Great Britain chose to send a small Worlds-only team not co-registered for Home Nations representation. Nonetheless, the championships went ahead, with the winners in qualifying weight classes also securing their places at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships
The Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships are an international weightlifting competition, open to countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. They are usually held every non-Commonwealth Games year under the auspices of the Commonwealth Weightlifting Federation (often combined with associated continental championships) and serve as a qualifying tournament for the Games themselves.
Tesco.com
Tesco.com is an electronic commerce website operated by Tesco. It offers a wide range of other products, including electronic goods, books, broadband and financial services. Tesco closed their Tesco Direct website in 2018.

Tesco Direct
Tesco Direct was a shopping catalogue and website operated by the British supermarket chain and retailer Tesco. It was supplying non-food goods such as homeware and consumer products with delivery or in-store collection through collection points in Tesco stores. It was run in competition with Argos and Amazon. Its final catalogue was published and printed in 2012.

Tesco Direct opened in 2006 and ceased trading on 9 July 2018. When it closed it employed around 500 people. Tesco described the loss-making service as having “no route to profitability” when announcing the closure. Citing high costs of marketing and fulfillment for the service as responsible for the failure.
2022 Montana Senate election
An election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect 25 members to Montana's Senate. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including the U.S. House of Representatives, and state house. The primary election was held on June 7, 2022. Republicans expanded their supermajority in the chamber as they did in the house.

2022 Montana elections
A general election was held in Montana on November 8, 2022. Both of Montana's seats in the United States House of Representatives, all of the seats in the Montana House of Representatives, and half of the seats in the Montana Senate were up for election, as well as various local offices and ballot measures. The primary election was held on June 7, 2022.
Starsky & Hutch (video game)
Starsky & Hutch is a 2003 vehicular combat video game by British studio Mind's Eye Productions and published by Empire Interactive based on the television series of the same name created by William Blinn. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance and GameCube.

Vehicular combat game
A vehicular combat game (or car combat game) is a vehicle simulation video game where the primary gameplay objectives include vehicles armed with weapons attempting to destroy vehicles controlled by the CPU or by opposing players. The genre normally features a variety of different vehicles available for play, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and special attack abilities. Players may also unlock hidden vehicles by completing certain in-game tasks. Games may include racing themes, but they are generally secondary to the action.
Przeczno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Przeczno [ˈpʂɛt͡ʂnɔ] (German: Hagelfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bierzwnik, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-east of Bierzwnik, 25 km (16 mi) south-east of Choszczno, and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Bierzwnik, Choszczno County
Bierzwnik [ˈbjɛʐvnik] (German: Marienwalde) is a village in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bierzwnik. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Choszczno (Arnswalde) and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin (Stettin).