hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rubus immanis
Rubus immanis is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the state of North Carolina in the eastern United States.

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy. Some studies have suggested that R. immanis may have originated as a hybrid between R. allegheniensis and R. canadensis.

Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus allegheniensis is a North American species of highbush blackberry in Section Alleghenienses of the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It is the most common and widespread highbush blackberry in eastern and central North America. It is commonly known as Allegheny blackberry.
South Troy, Minnesota
South Troy is an unincorporated community in Zumbro Township, Wabasha County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 63 about 13 miles north of Rochester. Nearby places include Hammond, Zumbro Falls, Mazeppa, Potsdam, and Oronoco. Wabasha County Roads 7 and 11 are nearby.

South Troy had a post office from 1858 to 1903. Nearby Zumbro Falls was originally named Troy in the 1850s.  The area south of Zumbro Falls to the Wabasha–Olmsted County line along U.S. 63 was named South Troy. The name of Troy was changed to Zumbro Falls after 1860 because there was already a community named Troy in southeast Minnesota at Winona County.

Potsdam, Minnesota
Potsdam is an unincorporated community in Farmington Township, Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States, near Elgin and Rochester.  The community is located along State Highway 247 (MN 247) near Olmsted County Road 11.  The boundary line between Olmsted and Wabasha counties is nearby.
Alectrosaurus
Alectrosaurus (/əˌlɛktroʊˈsɔːrəs/; meaning "alone lizard") is a genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about some 96 million years ago in what is now the Iren Dabasu Formation.

It was a medium-sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, estimated at 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft) with a body shape similar to its much larger advanced relative, Tyrannosaurus. Alectrosaurus was a very fast running tyrannosauroid as indicated by the elongated hindlimbs that likely filled the niche of a pursuit predator, a trait that seems to be lost by the advanced and robust tyrannosaurids, in adulthood.

1933 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1933.
Woomelang-Lascelles Football Club
The Woomelang-Lascelles Football Club was an Australian rules football club based in Woomelang, Victoria. With its neighbouring township Lascelles, Woomelang formed a merged football team in 1951 that initially competed in the Southern Mallee Football League, from 1951 to 1996, then played in the Mallee Football League from 1997 until the league folded at the end of the 2015 season. The Cats won a senior football premiership in 2013.

Lascelles, Victoria
Lascelles is a town in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 113 km from Swan Hill, Victoria. In the 2016 census the state suburb of Lascelles had a population of 93.

The township was established as a station on the Mildura railway line and was named after Edward Harewood Lascelles, owner of the Minapre grazing property in the area and a partner of wool-brokers Dennys-Lascelles.
Lascelles Post Office opened in 1903 when the railway arrived.

With its neighbouring township Woomelang, Lascelles had a football team (Woomelang-Lascelles) competing in the Mallee Football League until the league folded in 2015.

In 1917, after an abnormally warm winter, the mouse population of Lascelles was so large that mice filled every square inch of ground. More than 1,500 tons of mice - it is estimated that there were over a hundred million - were slain before the outbreak was finally tamed.
Sanjeev Jha
Sanjeev Jha  is an Indian politician belonging to the Aam Aadmi Party. He is now a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Burari Constituency. Sanjeev is also the incharge of Chhattisgarh  and  Spokesperson of the Aam Aadmi Party.

7th Delhi Assembly
The Seventh Legislative Assembly of Delhi was constituted on 16 February 2020 after the 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections were concluded earlier on 8 February 2020 and the results were announced on 11 February 2020. It was the legislative arm of the  Government of Delhi.
Specialist Firearms Command
The Specialist Firearms Command (MO19) is the firearms unit of the Metropolitan Police Service. Formed in 2005 but with antecedents dating back to 1966, the Command is responsible for providing a firearms-response capability, assisting the rest of the service, which is not routinely armed.

Smith & Wesson Model 10
The Smith & Wesson Model 10, previously known as the Smith & Wesson .38 Hand Ejector Model of 1899, the Smith & Wesson Military & Police or the Smith & Wesson Victory Model, is a K-frame revolver. In production since 1899, the Model 10 is a six-shot, .38 Special, double-action revolver with fixed sights. Over its production run it has been available with barrel lengths of 2 in (51 mm), 3 in (76 mm), 4 in (100 mm), 5 in (130 mm), and 6 in (150 mm). Barrels of 2.5 inches (64 mm) are also known to have been made for special contracts. Over 6,000,000 of the type have been produced over the years, making it the most-produced handgun of the 20th century.
Jerry Fishman
Jerry Fishman (born c. 1943) is an American former football player. He played college football for the Maryland Terrapins of the University of Maryland and was selected by the Baltimore Colts in the 1965 NFL draft. Fishman gained notoriety when he twice gave an obscene gesture during the 1964 Maryland–Navy game, which directly resulted in a 40-year hiatus of the series.

Darryl Hill (American football)
Darryl Andre Hill (born October 21, 1943, in Washington, D.C.) is an athlete and businessman; in 1963 he started with the University of Maryland football team as the first African-American football player in any of the southern athletic conferences composed of formerly segregated white institutions.  (In that era, Maryland competed in the Atlantic Coast Conference, which at the time consisted only of such institutions.) The only black player on the team until his senior year, Hill set two records that still stand: total yards receiving, and most passes caught in a single game.

After college and graduate school, Hill was an early advocate of minority business enterprise. He became a ground-breaking businessman, with an entrepreneurial range that has included fine restaurants and green energy companies. In the 1990s, he also established business relations in Russia and China.
Plicaria carbonaria
Plicaria carbonaria is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This is a common European fungus of burnt ground, appearing from spring to autumn as dark brown to black cups up to 3 cm in diameter.

Pezizaceae
The Pezizaceae (commonly referred to as cup fungi)  are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota which produce mushrooms that tend to grow in the shape of a "cup".  Spores are formed on the inner surface of the fruit body (ascoma). The cup shape typically serves to focus raindrops into splashing spores out of the cup.  Additionally, the curvature enables wind currents to blow the spores out in a different manner than in most agarics and boletes.

Cup fungi grow in peculiar shapes, frequently resembling cups or saucers. For example, the orange peel fungus (Aleuria aurantia) resembles a discarded orange rind. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 31 genera and 230 species.
Central District (Babolsar County)
The Central District of Babolsar County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان بابلسر) is in Mazandaran province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Babolsar. The previous capital of the district was the village of Kalleh Bast (now the city of Hadishahr) in 1995.

Hadishahr, Babolsar
Hadishahr (Persian: هادی‌شهر) is a city in, and the capital of, Rudbast District in Babolsar County, Mazandaran province, Iran. The village of Kalleh Bast was converted to a city in 2000 and renamed Hadishahr in 2012.
Ashness Bridge
Ashness Bridge is a traditional stone-built bridge on the single-track road from the Borrowdale road (B5289) to Watendlath, in the English Lake District, Cumbria.

The bridge is at grid reference NY270196, and is known for being a fine viewpoint across Borrowdale towards Skiddaw, including views of Derwent Water nearby.

It or its predecessor may have been a packhorse bridge conveying packhorse traffic from Watendlath to Keswick.

Near the bridge is a small cairn to Bob Graham, who ran a round of 42 Lakeland peaks in 1932 in under 24 hours, a record which was not equalled for 28 years.

The area is owned by the National Trust.

Packhorse bridge
A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses. Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges.: 24–25

Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century. Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails. Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.
2015 Oman Super Cup
The 2015 Oman Super Cup was the 13th edition of the Oman Super Cup, an annual football match between Al-Oruba SC, the champions of the 2014-15 Oman Professional League and the 2014-15 Sultan Qaboos Cup and Fanja SC, the runners-up of the 2014-15 Oman Professional League. The match was played at the Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex in Muscat, Oman.

On 19 August 2015, the defending Oman Professional League and Sultan Qaboos Cup champions, Al-Oruba SC decided to pull out of the 2015 Oman Super Cup citing non-payment of dues by the Oman Football Association and a late release of its players from national and army team camps as the main reasons behind the club's decision to pull out. On 21 August 2015, Fanja was declared the winner of the Super Cup after its opponent, Al-Oruba, as expected failed to turn up for the match.

2014–15 Oman Professional League
The 2014–15 Oman Professional League (known as the Omantel Professional League for sponsorship reasons) was the 39th edition of the top football league in Oman. The season began on 11 September 2014, and concluded on 28 May 2015. Al-Nahda Club were the defending champions, having won their third title in the 2013–14 season. On 9 May 2015, Al-Oruba SC were crowned the champions of the 2014–15 Oman Professional League with three games to spare after Sur SC was held to a 2–2 draw by Al-Suwaiq Club at the Al-Seeb Stadium. Al-Oruba who had beaten Sohar SC, 1–0 on Friday took their tally to 48 points from 23 matches, gaining an unassailable lead of eight points ahead of second-placed Sur. Sur, which needed to win on Saturday to keep their title hopes alive, and settled for one point to take its tally to 40 points, helping the fierce rivals from Sur city to win their 4th domestic title.
Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011
The Protecting Children from Internet Pornographers Act of 2011 (H.R. 1981) was a United States bill designed with the stated intention of increasing enforcement of laws related to the prosecution of child pornography and child sexual exploitation offenses. Representative Lamar Smith (R-Texas), sponsor of H.R. 1981, stated that, "When investigators develop leads that might result in saving a child or apprehending a pedophile, their efforts should not be frustrated because vital records were destroyed simply because there was no requirement to retain them."

Stored Communications Act
The Stored Communications Act (SCA), codified at 18 U.S.C. Chapter 121 §§ 2701–2713), is a United States law that addresses voluntary and compelled disclosure of "stored wire and electronic communications and transactional records" held by third-party Internet service providers (ISPs). It was enacted as Title II of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA).

The SCA creates Fourth Amendment-like privacy protection for email and other digital communications stored on the Internet. It limits the government's ability to compel an ISP to turn over content information and non-content information (such as logs and "envelope" information from email). It also limits the ability of commercial ISPs to reveal content information to non-government entities.
René Janssen
René A.J. Janssen (born 1959 in Roermond, Netherlands) is a Dutch chemist who is Professor of the Moleculair Materials and Nanosystems group (M2N group) within the department of Chemical engineering and Chemistry at Eindhoven University of Technology.

In 2013 Janssen won a 2.5 million euro grant by the European Research Council to develop methods to produce solar energy systems at a lower cost.

In 2015 he was one of four winners of the Dutch Spinoza Prize. Part of Janssen's research focuses on plastic solar cells and the storage of solar energy in solar cells.

Since 2011 Janssen is member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Spinoza Prize
The Spinoza Prize (Dutch: Spinozapremie) is an annual award of 1.5 million euro prize money, to be spent on new research given by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The award is the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. It is named after the philosopher Baruch de Spinoza.

The prize is awarded to researchers in the Netherlands who belong to the best in their field. Academics can nominate each other and an international commission evaluates the submissions. It is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Nobel Prize.
Dugway Range
The Dugway Range is a 13-mile (21 km)  long mountain range located in central-south Tooele County, Utah, on the Juab County north border.

The Dugway Range extends northwesterly into the south of the Great Salt Lake Desert, the region at the west and southwest of the Great Salt Lake, about three times its area, a region of a flat white, salt flat, flat alluvial plains, and some alluvial mountain range pediments. It is the location of the Bonneville Salt Flats.

The 8 mi (13 km) long Granite Mountain lies 4 mi (6 km) north of the range; the mountain is a traveler's landmark with landscape sketches made in the 1800s (1859).

Great Salt Lake Desert
The Great Salt Lake Desert (colloquially referred to as the West Desert) is a large dry lake in northern Utah, United States, between the Great Salt Lake and the Nevada border. It is a subregion of the larger Great Basin Desert, and noted for white evaporite Lake Bonneville salt deposits including the Bonneville Salt Flats.
Round Mountain Oil Field
The Round Mountain Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Bakersfield, California, United States. It is east of the giant Kern River Oil Field, one of the largest in the United States, and also close to the Mount Poso Oil Field and Kern Front Oil Field.  With a cumulative total recovery of more than 110 million barrels (17,000,000 m3) of oil, it is the 48th largest oil field in California, but remains relatively productive with still about ten percent of its reserves remaining in the ground, according to the California Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR).

Kern Front Oil Field
The Kern Front Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in the lower Sierra Nevada foothills in Kern County, California.  Discovered in 1912, and with a cumulative production of around 210 million barrels (33,000,000 m3) of oil, it ranks 29th in size in the state, and is believed to retain approximately ten percent of its original oil (approximately 22 million barrels (3,500,000 m3)), according to the official estimates of the California Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR).  It is adjacent to the much larger Kern River Oil Field, which is to the southeast, and the Mount Poso Oil Field to the north.
New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants
The New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants (NZICA), previously the New Zealand Society of Accountants, was the operating name for the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand. The Institute represented over 33,000 members in New Zealand and overseas. Most accountants in New Zealand belonged to the institute.

New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (ICAA) amalgamated to become Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand.

The Institute adopted the name Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand in 1996. Prior to that, it was known as the New Zealand Society of Accountants.

In November 2013 Members of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia and the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants voted yes on a proposal to create One New Institute: "Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand".

Chartered Accountants Ireland
Chartered Accountants Ireland was established by Royal Charter on 14 May 1888, and is Ireland's largest accountancy body. According to its website, it represents over 30,000 members globally.

Chartered Accountants Ireland is part of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies and members are authorised to conduct audit, insolvency and investment business work. It is one of Ireland's six Recognised Accounting Bodies, regulated by the Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority (IAASA).

Chartered Accountants Ireland is a founding member of the chartered accountants body, Chartered Accountants Worldwide.
Miracle of Dammam
The Miracle of Dammam also known as The Dammam Miracle was the name given to the result of a quarter-final football match between the Nigerian U-20 football team and the USSR U-20 football team at the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship in Saudi Arabia which the Nigerian U-20 team went on to win on penalties. The match created a footballing record as Nigeria became the first team to come back from four goals down to equalize and then go on to win a FIFA World Cup match at any level.

1989 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Saudi Arabia between 16 February and 3 March 1989. The 1989 championship was the 7th contested. The tournament took place across four cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, and Taif.
2006 Betta Electrical 500
The 2006 Betta Electrical 500 was an endurance motor race for V8 Supercars. The race was held on 3 September 2006 at Sandown International Raceway in Victoria, Australia, and was the eighth round of the 2006 V8 Supercar Championship Series. It was the 39th in a sequence of "Sandown long distances races" which are commonly referred to under the Sandown 500 name.

The race was won by Jason Bright and Mark Winterbottom driving a Ford BA Falcon for Ford Performance Racing.

Sandown 500
The Sandown 500 (commercially titled Penrite Oil Sandown 500) is an annual endurance motor race which is staged at the Sandown Raceway, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia from 1964. The event's name, distance – and the category of cars competing in it – has varied widely throughout its history. Currently, the event is held as a championship event for Supercars.

Historically the event has been held in September, the month before Australia's premier endurance race, the Bathurst 1000, with a recent exception of the 2019 running, held in November. The event returned in September 2023 after a three-year hiatus.
Irwin Goodman
Antti Yrjö Hammarberg (14 September 1943 – 14 January 1991), professionally known as Irwin Goodman, was a Finnish rock and folk singer. He started as a protest song singer in the folk boom of the mid-1960s; his humorous songs, often mocking the authorities, became favorites of the Finnish people; Goodman singalike contests are still held by some pubs for entertainment.

Goodman's songs include "Poing poing poing" (1971), "Haistakaa paska koko valtiovalta" (1976), "Rentun ruusu" (1988), "Ei tippa tapa" (1966), "Työmiehen lauantai" (1965), "En kerro kuinka jouduin naimisiin" (1965) and "Tyttö tuli" (1978).

Esa Pakarinen
Feeliks Esaias "Esa" Pakarinen (9 February 1911 – 28 April 1989) was a Finnish actor, singer, accordionist and comedian, best known for the role of Pekka Puupää in the Pekka and Pätkä films from 1953–1960. He was also a skilled, self-taught accordion player.

His son, Esa Pakarinen Jr. (1947–2026), was also an actor.
Gypenoside
Gypenosides are triterpenoid saponins and are the main active components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a climbing plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. They have been traditionally used in herbal medicine and have been shown to be effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, although their mechanism of action is unknown.

Gypenoside A has the chemical formula C46H74O17.

Saponin
Saponins (Latin sapon, 'soap' + -in, 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus Saponaria), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), common corn-cockle (Agrostemma githago L.), baby's breath (Gypsophila spp.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g., drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin (licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark extract used in beverages.
Jamaica ginger
Jamaica ginger extract, known in the United States by the slang name Jake, was a late 19th-century patent medicine that provided a convenient way to obtain alcohol during the era of Prohibition, since it contained approximately 70% to 80% ethanol by weight. In the 1930s, a large number of users of Jamaica ginger were afflicted with a paralysis of the hands and feet that quickly became known as Jamaica ginger paralysis or jake paralysis.

Ishmon Bracey
Ishmon Bracey (January 9, 1899 or 1901 – February 12, 1970), sometimes credited as Ishman Bracey, was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. Alongside his contemporary Tommy Johnson, Bracey was a highly influential bluesman in Jackson, Mississippi, and was one of the area's earliest figures to record blues material. Bracey's recordings include "Trouble Hearted Blues" and "Left Alone Blues", both of which appear on several compilation albums.