hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malikization of the Maghreb
The Malikization of the Maghreb was the process of encouraging the adoption of the Maliki school (founded by Malik ibn Anas) of Sunni Islam in the Maghreb, especially in the 11th and 12th centuries, to the detriment of Shia and Kharijite inhabitants of the Maghreb. The process occurred as Maliki scholars increasingly gained influence, resulting in the widespread acceptance of the Maliki legal school and the subsequent marginalization of other forms of Islam. Malikism was considered a more conservative and mainstream variant of Sunni Islam.

Ibadism
Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized: al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is the third-largest branch of Islam. Its roots go back to the Kharijite secession from the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. It is a moderate subsect that has persisted and led to the creation of Ibadi communities in various areas in the Middle East and Africa.

The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل الحقّ والاستقامة). Contemporary Ibadis may object to being classified as Kharijites. They are much less numerous than the two largest Muslim denominations: Sunnis—who account for 85–90 percent of the Muslim world—and Shias.

Today, the largest of these communities is in Oman. It is also practiced to a lesser extent in Algeria (in Mzab), Tunisia (in Djerba), Libya (in Nafusa and Zuwarah area), and Tanzania (in Zanzibar).
David Munro (physician)
Air Vice-Marshal Sir David Munro KCB CIE (23 June 1878 – 8 November 1952) was a Scottish physician, senior Royal Air Force officer, and later Rector of the University of St Andrews.

As Director of the Royal Air Force Medical Service, he pointed out in 1925 that the speed of air travel from countries where infections were endemic to susceptible countries required consideration by public health administration.

Prior to this role, he was in the Indian Medical Service.

He served as Rector of St Andrews University from 1938 to 1946 – the longest to have served in this role due to there being no elections during World War II.

Rector of the University of St Andrews
The lord rector of the University of St Andrews is an elected position, usually also the president of the University Court of the University of St Andrews; the University Court is the supreme governing body of the university.
Geography of Guinea
Guinea is a country on the coast of West Africa and is bordered by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

Guinea is divided into four geographic regions: Maritime Guinea (Lower Guinea) a coastal plain running north to south behind the coast; the pastoral Fouta Djallon highlands (Middle Guinea); the northern savanna (Upper Guinea); and a southeastern rain-forest region (Forest Guinea).

Middle Guinea
Middle Guinea (French: Moyenne-Guinée) refers to a region in central Guinea, corresponding roughly with the plateau region known as Futa Jalon (French: Fouta Djallon; Fula: Fuuta Jaloo).

It is bounded by Maritime Guinea, also known as Lower Guinea, to the west, Guinea Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Upper Guinea to the east, and Sierra Leone to the south.
Bennettiodendron leprosipes
Bennettiodendron leprosipes, transliterated as shān guì huā (Chinese: 山桂花), is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is the type species of its genus, Bennettiodendron.

The plant grows in evergreen broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 400–1,800 m (1,300–5,900 ft). It ranges from China in the regions of East, South Central, and the eastern tip of Southwestern China, to the islands of Sumatra and Java in Indonesia. It also exists in the countries of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and India in Arunachal Pradesh, with a disjunct population in Chhattisgarh.

Bennettiodendron
Bennettiodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae.

The genus spans throughout Southeast Asia, as far north as central-eastern China, and as far south as Java, Indonesia. They grow as dioecious shrubs to small trees.
National Hero of Sri Lanka
National Hero is a status an individual can receive in Sri Lanka for those who are considered to have played a major role in fighting for the freedom of the country. The status is conferred by the President of Sri Lanka. The recipients of the award are celebrated on a Sri Lankan national holiday, National Heroes’ Day, held annually on 22 May. Every year, the President and general public pay tribute by observing a two minutes silence in their memory. The individuals are also celebrated on Sri Lanka Independence Day, held on 4 February. In this, the President or Prime Minister will typically address the nation with a speech honouring the National Heroes. The award has only been awarded to Sri Lankan citizens, but is not limited to this group.

Matale rebellion
The Matale rebellion, also known as the Rebellion of 1848, took place in Matale city,  Ceylon against the British colonial government under Governor George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington. It marked a transition from the classic feudal form of anti-colonial revolt to modern independence struggles. It was fundamentally a peasant revolt.
Francis X. Prefontaine
Francis Xavier Prefontaine (French: François Xavier Préfontaine; 1838–1909) was a French Canadian Catholic priest and missionary, an early resident in the pioneer days of Seattle, Washington, and a figure in the history of Seattle and the Puget Sound region of Washington State. He was Seattle's first resident Catholic priest and built the city's first Catholic church.

Edward John O'Dea
Edward John O'Dea (November 23, 1856 – December 25, 1932) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Nesqually in Washington State from 1896 until 1907. When the Vatican renamed the diocese as the Diocese of Seattle in 1907, O'Dea served as its bishop until his death in 1932.

O'Dea was responsible for the construction of St. James Cathedral in Seattle, Washington.
Tavros – Eleftherios Venizelos metro station
Tavros, officially Tavros–Eleftherios Venizelos (Greek: Ταύρος–Ελευθέριος Βενιζέλος) is a station on Line 1 of the Athens Metro, 6.171 km from the line's southern terminus at Piraeus. It is located in the municipality of Tavros in the regional unit of South Athens, Attica, near the boundary with Kallithea. The station is also known as Tavros-Eleftherios Venizelou, after the former Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos.

Piraeus station
Piraeus (Greek: Πειραιάς, Peiraias) is the name of two railway stations in Piraeus, Athens, Greece, approximately 9 km south-west of the centre of Athens. The southern building is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 and is the present terminus of Athens Metro Line 1, formerly the Athens-Piraeus Railways Co that opened in 1869. The northern building is the railway terminus for standard gauge railway services of the Athens Suburban Railway to the Acharnes Railway Center and Chalcis. Both buildings are located next to the seaport, with the Electric Railways Museum of Piraeus located in the metro station, in the space of the former Post Office.
Newmarket and Chesterford Railway
The Newmarket and Chesterford Railway Company was an early railway company that built the first rail connection to Newmarket. Although only around 15 miles (24 km) long the line ran through three counties, the termini being in Essex (Great Chesterford) and Suffolk (Newmarket) and all intermediate stations being in Cambridgeshire.

Bourne Bridge railway station
Bourne Bridge railway station served Little Abington, Great Abington, Pampisford and Babraham in Cambridgeshire. It was closed in 1851, along with its line, which was one of the earliest line closures in England.

The site of the station was taken over for the construction of the Railway Inn public house. It is believed that the abandoned station was reconstructed around ten years after closure when it reopened as an inn to capitalise on the newly opened Pampisford railway station. What is more, it appears that approximately one-quarter to one-third of the inn comprised the actual brickwork of the station.
Arun Shridhar Vaidya
General Arunkumar Shridhar Vaidya PVSM, MVC & Bar, AVSM, ADC (27 July 1926 – 10 August 1986) was an Indian Army general. He served as the 12th Chief of the Army Staff from 1983 to 1986. Following his retirement, he was assassinated by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha in August 1986, for his role in Operation Blue Star in 1984.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Paanch Amrut
Paanch Amrut is a poem by Indian poet Haldhar Nag, written in Sambalpuri. It was later translated into English by Surendra Nath as Five Nectars of Immortality, which is included in the Kavyanjali Vol.1 and in the Haldhar Nag Selected Poems. It is also the first poem in Kavyanjali.

The "five nectars of immortality" in the poem refer to the seven seas, the moon in the skies, mother's breast, noble principles, and the poet's scribbles.

Haldhar Nag
Dr. Haldhar Nag (born 31 March 1950), popularly known as Lok Kabi Ratna, is a Odia poet and writer from Bargarh, Odisha, India. He was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India by Government of India in 2016. He has been compared to Gangadhar Meher for his style of writing.
Scott Alexander (Kentucky politician)
Scott Alexander (born 1970) is an American politician from Kentucky currently serving as Judge/Executive of Perry County. Alexander was elected Judge/Executive in 2014, defeating incumbent Denny Ray Noble in the May primary election.

He was previously a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1997 to 2001 and briefly in 2008. He was first elected to the house in 1996, but was defeated for reelection in 2000 by Republican Brandon Smith. He was again elected to the house in a March 2008 special election when Smith was elected to the Kentucky Senate. Alexander faced criticism when he left the state soon after being sworn in, in order to chaperone his daughter's school field trip to Costa Rica.

County judge/executive
A county judge/executive (or simply judge/executive, and often written judge-executive) is an elected official in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky who is the head of the executive branch of a government in a county. The judge/executive is a member and presiding officer of the Fiscal Court, the county's legislative body. The position is established by section 140 of the Kentucky Constitution. In other states, similar positions are often titled county executive or county mayor.
QW Puppis
QW Puppis (QW Pup) is a class F3V (yellow-white dwarf) star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude is 4.49 and it is approximately 69.5 light years away based on parallax.

It is a Gamma Doradus variable, ranging from 4.5 to 4.47 magnitude with a period of 0.96 days.  With a mass of 1.5 M☉ and an age of 1.6 billion years, it is about halfway through its main sequence lifetime.

Puppis
Puppis ("stern") is a constellation in the southern sky. It was originally part of the traditional constellation of Argo Navis (Argo is the ship of Jason and the Argonauts), which was divided into three parts, the other two being Carina (the keel and hull), and Vela (the sails). Puppis is the largest of the three constellations in square degrees. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Kaperich
Kaperich is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Kelberg
Kelberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is home to its seat. Kelberg is a state-recognized climatic spa.
Batroc the Leaper
Georges Batroc the Leaper (French: Batroc le Sauteur) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Tales of Suspense #75, 1966. He is a mercenary and a master of the French form of kick-boxing known as savate, commonly depicted as an adversary of Captain America, and a mentor of Gwen Poole. Batroc's name derives from the word batrachia, a classification of amphibians that includes frogs, which also plays on the stereotype of calling French people frogs.

Georges St-Pierre portrays Batroc in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and the Disney+ miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier and animated series What If...? (both 2021).

Teams and organizations of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on superhero films and other series starring various titular superheroes independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters. Over the course of the films and related media (such as Disney+ miniseries), several teams and organizations have been formed, each with different aims and purposes.
Electoral district of Frankston East
Electoral district of Frankston East was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria.  It was created in 1992, mostly out of the old Frankston North.

The seat is notable for having decided the 1999 state election, which proved to be the last election in which it was contested.  The incumbent, Liberal-turned-independent Peter McLellan, died on election day, forcing a supplementary election a month later.  Neither the Coalition nor Labor had won a majority, placing the balance of power in the hands of three independents.  They deferred their decision until the supplementary election.  In the 16 October supplementary election, Labor candidate Matt Viney won on a swing of 7.7 percent, resulting in a hung parliament.  The independents then announced their support for Labor, making Labor leader Steve Bracks premier.

Electoral district of Frankston North
The Electoral district of Frankston North was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. It was formed in 1985 when population increases in the Frankston area saw the Electoral district of Frankston divided into Frankston North and Frankston South, but absorbed back into Frankston in 1992.
Al-Washm Club
Al-Washm Football Club (Arabic: نادي الوشم) is a professional football club based in Shaqra, that plays in the Prince Mohammad bin Salman League, the second tier of Saudi football. It was founded in 1967.

Al-Washm's colors are white, orange and blue. Al-Washm have won the Saudi Second Division once in the 2017–18 season and won their first promotion to the Prince Mohammad bin Salman League on 18 March 2018.

The club play their home games at their own stadium, Al-Washm Club Stadium, in Shaqraa.

Shaqra (Saudi Arabia)
Shaqra (Arabic: شقراء [ALA-LC: Shaqrāʼ]) is a town in central Saudi Arabia, The city is located about 190 kilometers north-west of the capital Riyadh. It is a small city which is now growing due to the newly opened Shaqra University. The city is peaceful and well designed and most of the daily necessities are available.
Its astronomical location, as it is located at the intersection of latitude 15 and 25 north with longitude 15 and 45 east, so that it occupies an intermediate position between longitude and latitude in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which extends north to latitude 32 and south to latitude 16. ،

Old Shaqra Hospital

Alsubaii Haritage House

Shaqraa Old City Wall
2013 Coleman Vision Tennis Championships
The 2013 Coleman Vision Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $75,000 in prize money. It took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, on September 16–22, 2013.

Coleman Vision Tennis Championships
The Coleman Vision Tennis Championships is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. The event is classified as a $80,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament. It has been held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, since 1998.
Tonneins
Tonneins (French pronunciation: [tɔnɛ̃s]; Occitan: Tonens) is a town in the Lot-et-Garonne department of south-western France. It stands above the river Garonne, between Marmande to the west and Agen to the east, and is the first major town below the confluence of the Lot and Garonne Rivers after which the department is named. Tonneins station has rail connections to Agen, Langon and Bordeaux.

Until the early 2000s, it was the tobacco capital of France. It is known for its quays alongside which the tobacco barges were previously moored. When the tobacco factory closed down in 2004 and production moved to Spain, the town was badly affected economically with the loss of more than 500 jobs. The surrounding countryside still contains many wooden sheds, known locally as 'sechoirs', formerly used to dry the tobacco leaves. The commune of Tonneins is largely agricultural, the principal crops now being maize, rapeseed and sunflowers.

Garonne
The Garonne (/ɡəˈrɒn, ɡæˈrɒn/ gə-RON, garr-ON, French: [ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Occitan: Garona, Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ]; Latin: Garumna
or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain. It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain (Val d'Aran); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area is 56,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km2 (32,746 sq mi) if the  Dordogne River, which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included.

Umayyad and  Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux.
Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon
Angela Evans Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon (born 7 January 1959), is a British politician and life peer serving as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal since 2024. A member of the Labour and Co-operative parties, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon from 1997 to 2010.

Smith served in government as an Assistant Whip from 2001 to 2002 and a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State from 2002 to 2007. She became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, in 2007 and served until her appointment as Minister of State for the Third Sector in 2009.

Smith lost her seat to the Conservatives at the 2010 general election, contesting the reformed South Basildon and East Thurrock constituency. She was appointed to the House of Lords shortly after her defeat, where she became Shadow Deputy Chief Whip in 2012 and Shadow Leader in 2015.

Basildon (UK Parliament constituency)
Basildon was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Piquerobi (cacique)
Piquerobi (c. 1480 – 9 July 1562) was a Tupiniquim leader who fought to expel European settlers from the Captaincy of São Vicente. He became known for fighting in the Iguape War (Guerra de Iguape) and in the Siege of Piratininga (Cerco de Piratininga), where he died. He was brother of cacique Tibiriçá.

Tupiniquim
Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki,  Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins, Tupiniquins) are an indigenous people of Brazil of the Tupi family, who now live in three indigenous territories (Terras Indígenas in Portuguese). The indigenous territories (Caieiras Velhas, Pau-Brasil and Comboios) are located near the cities of Santa Cruz and Vila do Riacho in the municipality of Aracruz in northern Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. Caieiras Velhas Indigenous Territory is located along the banks of the Piraquê-Açu River. The Pau-Brasil Indigenous Territory is near Sahy Creek. The Comboios Indigenous Territory is located on the banks of the Comboios River. A 2010 census determined the population of Tupiniquim in all three indigenous territories as 2,630.
Iris hellenica
Iris hellenica is a plant species in the genus Iris and the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Saitas Mountain, in the Peloponnese Region of Greece. It has grey-green, sickle-shaped leaves, a tall slender stem, 2–3 white, lavender-blue, lilac or purple flowers and orange/purple beards. It was thought once to be a hybrid species of Iris germanica which also grows in the same area, before being separated into 2 species. It has only recently been published and is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Aroania (mountain)
Aroania (Greek: Αροάνια), also known as Helmos or Chelmos (Χελμός, from South Slavic chlmo, 'summit'), is a mountain in Achaea, Peloponnese, Greece. At 2,355 m elevation, Aroania is the third highest mountain of the Peloponnese, after Taygetus and Kyllini, and the highest in Achaea. The largest town near the mountain is Kalavryta. The municipal unit Aroania took its name from the mountain.
Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano
Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano or Sis felicior Augusto, melior Traiano (Latin: "be more fortunate than Augustus [and] better than Trajan) was the formula delivered in the Roman Senate at the inauguration of late Roman emperors.: 8.5  The phrase refers to the perceived well-being of the empire during the reigns of Augustus and Trajan. Particularly, it recalls the divine favour Augustus supposedly enjoyed,: 7.8  as well as Trajan's title Optimus, expressing the senatorial memory of Trajan as the exemplar of imperial modesty.

After the setbacks of the third century, Augustus and Trajan became in the Later Roman Empire the paragon of the most positive traits of the Imperial order. The phrase was in use until at least the 4th century AD, when the Roman Empire had dramatically changed in character from what it had been under Trajan's rule.

Inauguration
In government and politics, inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event, which may also include an inaugural address by the new official.

The word inauguration stems from the Latin augur, which refers to the rituals of ancient Roman priests seeking to interpret if it was the will of the gods for a public official to be deemed worthy to assume office.