hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leopold Kronecker
Leopold Kronecker (German: [ˈkʁoːnɛkɐ]; 7 December 1823 – 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician who worked on number theory, abstract algebra and logic, and criticized Georg Cantor's work on set theory.  Heinrich Weber quoted Kronecker
as having said, "Die ganzen Zahlen hat der liebe Gott gemacht, alles andere ist Menschenwerk" ("God made the integers, all else is the work of man").
Kronecker was a student and life-long friend of Ernst Kummer.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Eila Galitsky
Eila Galitsky (Thai: แอลล่า แกลิทสกีย์; born 26 October 2006) is a Thai amateur golfer. She won the 2023 Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific Championship, which earned her invitations to several major championships, including the 2023 Chevron Championship, where she made the cut and finished as the low amateur in a tie for 28th place.

Galitsky is currently studying at the University of South Carolina, competing as part of the South Carolina Gamecocks women's golf team.

Thai LPGA Tour
The Thai LPGA Tour is a professional golf tour for women organized by the Thailand Ladies Professional Golf Association.

Founded in 2008, the Thai LPGA Tour initially hosted 4-6 professional events per year from 2009 to 2012. In 2013, with support from the Sports Authority of Thailand and private sponsors, the tour expanded to eight events. From 2017 to 2019, the season-ending tournament, Thailand LPGA Masters, was co-sanctioned with the ALPG Tour and China LPGA Tour, and awarded Women's World Golf Rankings points.

In December 2022, the Thai LPGA Tour was officially included in the Women's World Golf Rankings. The tour has been accumulating ranking points since 2023, starting with the BGC Championship.
Modal algebra
In algebra and logic, a modal algebra is a structure  such that

is a Boolean algebra,

is a unary operation on A satisfying  and  for all x, y in A.

Modal algebras provide models of propositional modal logics in the same way as Boolean algebras are models of classical logic. In particular, the variety of all modal algebras is the equivalent algebraic semantics of the modal logic K in the sense of abstract algebraic logic, and the lattice of its subvarieties is dually isomorphic to the lattice of normal modal logics.

Stone's representation theorem can be generalized to the Jónsson–Tarski duality, which ensures that each modal algebra can be represented as the algebra of admissible sets in a modal general frame.

A Magari algebra (or diagonalizable algebra) is a modal algebra satisfying . Magari algebras correspond to provability logic and are named after Roberto Magari.

Normal modal logic
In logic, a normal modal logic is a set L of modal formulas such that L contains:

All propositional tautologies;

All instances of the Kripke schema:

and it is closed under:

Detachment rule (modus ponens):  implies ;

Necessitation rule:  implies .

The smallest logic satisfying the above conditions is called K. Most modal logics commonly used nowadays (in terms of having philosophical motivations), e.g. C. I. Lewis's S4 and S5, are normal (and hence are extensions of K). However a number of deontic and epistemic logics, for example, are non-normal, often because they give up the Kripke schema.

Every normal modal logic is regular and hence classical.
Nassenfels Castle
Nassenfels Castle (German: Burg Nassenfels) stands at the edge of the market village of Nassenfels in the county of Eichstätt in Upper Bavaria. The former water castle is still lived in and may only be viewed from the outside.

Eichstätt (district)
Eichstätt is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Donau-Ries, Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, Roth, Neumarkt, Kelheim and Pfaffenhofen, and by the city of Ingolstadt.
History of early and simple domes
Cultures from pre-history to modern times constructed domed dwellings using local materials. Although it is not known when or where the first dome was created, sporadic examples of early domed structures have been discovered. Brick domes from the ancient Near East and corbelled stone domes have been found from the Middle East to Western Europe. These may indicate a common source or multiple independent traditions. A variety of materials have been used, including wood, mudbrick, or fabric. Indigenous peoples around the world produce similar structures today.

Beehive tomb
A beehive tomb, also known as a tholos tomb  (plural tholoi; from Greek: θολωτός τάφος, romanized: tholotós táphos, θολωτοί τάφοι tholotoi táphoi, "domed tomb(s)"), is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by corbelling, the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones. The resulting structure resembles a beehive, hence the traditional English name.

Tholoi were used for burial in several cultures in the Mediterranean and West Asia, but in some cases they were used for different purposes such as homes (Cyprus), rituals (Bulgaria, Syria), and even fortification (Spain, Sardinia). Although Max Mallowan used the same name for the circular houses belonging to the Neolithic culture of Tell Halaf (Iraq, Syria and Turkey), there is no relationship between them.
State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain
The State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain (1975 AIR 865, 1975 SCR (3) 333) was an election case heard by the Allahabad High Court in 1975 that found the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices. The election petition was filed by Raj Narain, a candidate from the Rae Bareli constituency, who alleged misuse of public finances by a political party for the re-election of the Prime Minister of India. In a landmark verdict, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of the court held Indira Gandhi guilty under Section 123(7) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, for obtaining assistance from gazetted officers in furtherance of her election prospects. The court declared Gandhi's election "null and void" and disqualified her from holding any elected office for six years from the date of the judgment. The decision led to an ensuing legal battle and political crisis leading to the imposition of a state of emergency by Gandhi in 1975.

Representation of the People Act, 1951
The Representation of the People Act, 1951 is an act of Parliament of India to provide for the conduct of election of the Houses of Parliament and to the House or Houses of the Legislature of each State, the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of those Houses, what constitute corrupt practices and other offences at or in connection with such elections and the determination of disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections. It  was introduced in Parliament by law minister Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. The Act was enacted by the provisional parliament under Article 327 of the Indian Constitution, before the first general election.
Andreas Petrus Lundin
Andreas Petrus Lundin (21 July 1869 – August 29, 1929), or Andrew Peter Lundin I, was an engineer for the Welin Marine Equipment Company. He created a series of lifeboats. In 1914 to test his design he arranged to have a newlywed couple cross the Atlantic Ocean in a Lundin Power Life Boat. He died on August 29, 1929.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Coin show
Coin shows are events where coin collectors and coin dealers attend to buy, trade and sell coins. In addition to coins, dealers also sell paper money, books and tokens.

Like other hobby shows, a show hall is arranged with aisles and tables where coin sellers can display their coins. In cities across the United States there are thirty to fifty smaller local shows each weekend. The American Numismatic Association hosts national shows each year that may feature up to 1000 coin dealers.

A coin show is also an event that allows the public to sell coins to dealers. A show offers a coin collector the opportunity to meet multiple dealers and see a variety of coins, books, paper money and tokens. A coin show provides dealers and collectors a chance to see a great variety of coins to fill out coin sets.

Coin set
A coin set, or mint set, is a collection of uncirculated or proof coins, released by a mint. Such sets are usually released annually and often called a year set. They include sets of all the circulating coins of that year, as well as sets of commemorative coins.
İske Boğadı
İske Boğadı (Tatar: Иске Богады, romanized: İske Boğadı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Aqtanış District, Tatarstan. The population was 627 as of 2010.
İske Boğadı is located 18 km from Aqtanış, district's administrative centre, and 362 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 17th century.
There are 1 streets in the village.

Aktanysh
Aktanysh (Russian: Актаны́ш; Tatar: Актаныш; Bashkir: Аҡтаныш), historically known as Lower Aktanyshbash (Russian: Нижний Актанышбаш; Bashkir: Түбәнге Аҡтанышбаш) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aktanyshsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The population is less than 10,000, though it has steadily increased in recent decades;  8,923 (2010 Census); 8,148 (2002 Census); 6,814 (1989 Soviet census).

The village is situated in the lower reaches of the Belaya (Ağiðel) river, in the easternmost part of Tatarstan, less than 6 km (3.7 mi) from the border with Bashkortostan. Aktanysh lies about 300 km (190 mi) east of Kazan and 165 km (103 mi) northwest of Ufa as the crow flies.
Krogaspe
Krogaspe is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Krogaspe is located north west of Neumünster close to Autobahn A7 and county highway 205 to Rendsburg.

Rendsburg-Eckernförde
Rendsburg-Eckernförde (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛnt͡sˌbʊʁk ɛkɐnˈføːɐ̯də] ⓘ; Danish: Rendsborg-Egernførde) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the city of Kiel, the district of Plön, the city of Neumünster, the districts of Segeberg, Steinburg, Dithmarschen and Schleswig-Flensburg, and the Baltic Sea.
Uranyl chloride
Uranyl chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula UO2Cl2. It consists of uranyl cations UO2+2 and chloride anions Cl−. It is fluorescent. Uranyl chloride also refers to inorganic compounds with the formula UO2Cl2(H2O)n where n = 0, 1, 2, or 3. These are yellow salts.

Chloride
The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl−), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.

Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides include potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Examples of covalent chlorides include methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).
Chan Kam Lee
Practitioners of Lee-style tai chi believe Chan Kam Lee was a Taoist teacher who brought Taoist Arts to the West. According to Chee Soo, Chan Kam Lee established a Taoist Arts school in Red Lion Square in Holborn in 1930 teaching Lee-style tai chi, Qigong, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Feng Shou 'Hand of the Wind' kung fu, and used his knowledge of Chinese Medicine and Herbalism to adapt the Ch'ang Ming diet for Westerners. Chan Kam Lee is referenced in several books written by Chee Soo and published by HarperCollins, but there is no corroboration of his existence independent of Chee Soo's accounts.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Shimanoumi Kōyō
Shimanoumi Kōyō (志摩ノ海 航洋; born July 11, 1989 as Kōyō Hamaguchi (濱口 航洋, Hamaguchi Kōyō) and known after his marriage as Kōyō Fukuzono (福薗 航洋, Fukuzono Kōyō)) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Shima, Mie. He debuted in sumo wrestling in July 2012 and made his makuuchi debut in May 2019. His highest rank has been maegashira 3. He wrestles for Kise stable.

Kimarite
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision. The records of kimarite are then kept for statistical purposes.

The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) have officially recognized 82 such techniques since 2001, with five also recognized as winning non-techniques. However, only about a dozen of these are frequently and regularly used by rikishi.

A sumo match can still be won even without a kimarite, by the virtue of disqualification due to a kinjite (foul), such as striking with closed fist.
Kwaza people
The Kwazá (or Coaiá, Koaiá, Koaya, Kwaza, and Quaiá) are an indigenous people of Brazil. Most Kwazá live with the Aikanã and Latundê in the Tubarão-Latundê Indigenous Reserve in the province of Rondônia; however, some Kwazá live in the Terra Indígena Kwazá do Rio São Pedro. In 2008 their population was 40, up from 25 in 1998.

Little is known about Kwaza people and language due to the minimal historical sources available; if mentioned in reliable documents, it is usually in reference to its neighbors.  What is known, is that the Kwaza people were at one point a nation of a few thousand people, which could be subdivided into various groups.

Guaporé, Rio Grande do Sul
Guaporé is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is the state's greatest jewelry and lingerie producer, ranking second in the country. The city was mainly colonized by Italian immigrants in the 19th century and still retains their traditions. The name comes from the Guaraní language and its meaning is disputed, most likely being Desert Valley.
2014 Rugby League European Championship C
In 2014 the Rugby League European Federation announced a new European Championship structure in which the European Bowl would be renamed as the European Championship C. The competition this year saw 3 teams taking part with the Czech Republic being joined by Malta and Greece. The winners were Greece.

Rugby League European Championship C
The Rugby League European Championship C (formerly the European Bowl) is an international European rugby league football tournament organised by the European Rugby League for third tier rugby league nations.
Tupsley
Tupsley is a historic village, ward and suburb of the city of Hereford in Herefordshire, England. It is located southeast of the city centre and close to the River Wye. Tupsley is surrounded by the suburbs of Bartonsham, Eign Hill, and The Hamptons. The population of the ward at the 2021 Census was recorded at 3,075. It is one of the sixteen wards of Hereford City Council. It is represented by Cllr Jim Kenyon.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Malík
Malík (feminine: Malíková) is a Czech and Slovak surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Belousovová (née Malíková; born 1959), Slovak politician

Barbora Malíková (born 2001), Czech sprinter

Helena Malikova (born 1983), French-Slovak civil servant

Jan Malík (born 1992), Czech footballer

Marek Malík (born 1975), Czech ice hockey player

Štefan Malík (born 1966), Slovak race walker

Zuzana Malíková (born 1983), Slovak race walker

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Kaylen Frederick
Kaylen Frederick (born 4 June 2002) is an American racing driver of German descent who is currently competing in the IMSA SportsCar Championship with JDC–Miller MotorSports. He was the last champion of the British Formula 3 Championship in 2020. He previously competed in Super Formula Lights with B-Max Racing Team.

Okayama International Circuit
Okayama International Circuit (岡山国際サーキット), formerly known as TI Circuit Aida (TIサーキット英田) before 2005, is a 3.703 km (2.301 mi) private motorsport race track in Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. TI was the abbreviation of "Tanaka International" after the name of the golf club owner, Hajime Tanaka, though the name of the circuit was officially "TI Circuit Aida".

As well as hosting racing events, the circuit has rental facilities including bikes and go karts available.
A. K. Singh
Lieutenant General Ajay Kumar Singh, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM is the former Lieutenant Governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He is an alumnus of Sainik School Rewa and National Defence Academy. He is former General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Command of Indian Army.

Singh was named 11th Lieutenant Governor of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in July 2013 and took office on 8 July 2013. He was given additional responsibility of the administration of Puducherry from July 2014 to May 2016.

Singh is known for his contributions towards Andaman Society by starting Andaman's first medical College, ANIIMS and second degree college of South Andaman, ANCOL.

Singh left the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after handing over charges on 19 August 2016.

A.K. Singh was appointed as independent director to Air Works.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Withnail and I
Withnail and I is a 1987 British black comedy film written and directed by Bruce Robinson. Loosely based on Robinson's life in London in the late 1960s, the plot follows two unemployed actors, Withnail and "I" (portrayed by Richard E. Grant and Paul McGann, respectively), who share a flat in Camden Town in 1969. Needing a holiday, they obtain the key to a country cottage in the Lake District belonging to Withnail's wealthy eccentric uncle Monty and drive there. The weekend holiday proves less recuperative than they expected.

Withnail and I was Grant's film debut and established his profile. Featuring performances by Richard Griffiths as Withnail's Uncle Monty and Ralph Brown as Danny the drug dealer, the film has tragic and comic elements and is notable for its period music and many quotable lines. It has been described as "one of Britain's biggest cult films".

The character "I" is named "Marwood" in the published screenplay but goes unnamed in the film credits.

BFI Top 100 British films
In 1999, the British Film Institute surveyed 1,000 people from the world of British film and television to produce a list of the greatest British films of the 20th century. Voters were asked to choose up to 100 films that were "culturally British".
Ntolonapemk, Eastern Surplus Superfund Site
Ntolonapemk, also known as the Eastern Surplus Company Superfund Site and Maine State Survey No. 96.02, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Meddybemps, a small town in Washington County, Maine.  Located near the outlet of Meddybemps Lake, it is one of the only major inland prehistoric habitation sites in the county, with evidence of more than 8,000 years of use.  The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Washington County, Maine
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,095, making it the third-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Machias. The county was established on June 25, 1789. It borders the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It is sometimes referred to as "Sunrise County" because it includes the easternmost point in the 48 contiguous United States. Claims have been made that Washington County is where the sun first rises on the 48 contiguous states.  Many small seaside communities have small-scale fishing-based economies. Tourism is also important along the county's shoreline, but it is not as important as elsewhere in the state. The blueberry crop plays a major role in the county's economy.
Andrews Square
Harold T. Andrews Square is a public square and World War I memorial in Portland, Maine, United States. Located at the intersection of Clark, Pine, and West Streets in the West End neighborhood, the former Butler School is adjacent to the square.

West End (Portland, Maine)
The West End is a downtown neighborhood in Portland, Maine. It is located on the western side of Portland's peninsula primarily on Bramhall Hill and is noted for its architecture and history. The neighborhood is home to many late 19th- and early 20th-century homes and, in 2010, it was called "one of the best preserved Victorian neighborhoods in the country". The Western Promenade, a park laid out in 1836, overlooks the forests and small settlements of Southwestern Maine, along with the distant White Mountains. Other historic structures include 68 High Street, The Gothic House, Brown House, Butler House, Ingraham House, Morrill Mansion and the Minott House.

The West End is known for ethnic and socioeconomic diversity; in 1994, it was called one of Portland's 'gay-friendly' neighborhoods.
Eber ben Pethahiah
Eber ben Pethahiah (Hebrew: עבר בן פתחיה; fl. early 18th century) was a scholar from Uherský Brod, Moravia. Moritz Steinschneider indicates the possibility of the name being merely a pseudonym. It appears on the title-page of Mar'eh ha-Ketab ve-Rashe Tebot, a guide to Judeo-German and its abbreviations, apparently abridged from a work of Hayyim ben Menahem of Glogau.

Moritz Steinschneider
Moritz Steinschneider (Yiddish: משה שטיינשניידער; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term antisemitism.