hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hot air (economics)
Hot air in economics refers to the Assigned Amount Units (AAU) credits given for the reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions among the former Soviet Bloc countries since 1990.

The fall of the Soviet Union led to massive restructuring and deindustrialization of many of the former Soviet Bloc. When the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated, there were several mechanisms that allowed for trading of emissions credits. These included credits produced under the Joint Initiative (JI) provision: Emission Reduction Unit credits; the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Certified Emission Reduction credits; and Assigned Amount Units (AAU) now also widely known as Hot Air in the post Soviet context. These were given to Russia as an incentive to sign the treaty. Critical climate change experts decry these credits as a way for countries to buy their way out of taking action to address climate change.

Emission reduction unit
The emission reduction unit (ERU) was an emissions unit issued under a Joint Implementation project in terms of the Kyoto Protocol. An ERU represented a reduction of greenhouse gases under the Joint Implementation mechanism, where it represented one tonne of CO2 equivalent reduced.
Russian Socialist Federation
The Russian Socialist Federation was a semi-autonomous American political organization which was part of the Socialist Party of America from 1915 until the split of the national organization into rival socialist and communist organizations in the summer of 1919. Elements of the Russian Socialist Federation became key components of both the Communist Party of America and the rival Communist Labor Party of America as "Russian Federations" within these organizations. Following the unification of these two groups in 1921, the resulting unified Russian Communist Federation gradually evolved into the so-called Russian Bureau of the Communist Party USA.

Language federation
Language federations were formed in the late 19th and early 20th century by immigrants to the United States, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe, who shared a commitment to some form of socialist politics. Some of these groups joined the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP); later, many joined the Socialist Party of America (SPA) and then later joined one of the precursors of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA); a number of federations also remained in the Socialist Party. The Russian and Finnish federations were particularly important in the early years of the Communist Party.
USNS Sojourner Truth
USNS Sojourner Truth (T-AO-210) is a John Lewis-class replenishment oiler planned to be operated by the Military Sealift Command to logistically support the United States Navy. She was launched in 2025 and is named after activist Sojourner Truth.

John Lewis-class replenishment oiler
The John Lewis class is a class of fleet replenishment oilers which began construction in September 2018. The class, named for its lead ship, which was named for the civil rights movement leader and congressman John Lewis, will comprise twenty oilers ships which will be operated by Military Sealift Command to provide underway replenishment of fuel and limited amounts of dry cargo to United States Navy carrier strike groups, amphibious ready groups, and other surface forces, to allow them to operate worldwide.
David J. Barram
David J. Barram (born December 27, 1943) is an American businessman who served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce from 1993 to 1996 and as Administrator of the General Services Administration from 1996 to 2000.

United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce
The United States deputy secretary of commerce is a high-ranking position within the U.S. Department of Commerce. It was created on December 13, 1979, when President Jimmy Carter sent a letter to the U.S. Senate and nominated Luther H. Hodges Jr., who then currently held the title of under secretary of commerce. The deputy secretary serves as the department’s chief operating officer, with responsibility for the day-to-day management of its approximately $11.4 billion budget, 13 operating units, and 46,000 employees. In that capacity, the deputy secretary is also a member of the President’s Management Council. The most recent deputy secretary was Don Graves, who was sworn in on May 14, 2021 and resigned January 20, 2025.
Collón Curá River
The Collón Curá River is a geographical feature of Neuquén Province, Argentina. It flows southward from the confluence of the Aluminé and Chimehuin Rivers, near the town of Junín de los Andes, for around 70 kilometres (43 mi), past which it becomes a tributary of the Limay River. The Collón Curá Formation and in turn the South American land mammal age Colloncuran are named after the river.

The valley is famous for its two activities: birdwatching and fly fishing.

Colloncuran
The Colloncuran (Spanish: Colloncurense) age is a period of geologic time (15.5–13.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Friasian and precedes the Laventan age.
Nevada State Route 827
State Route 827 (SR 827) is a state highway in Lyon County, Nevada. The road starts at SR 339 and heads east as Mason Road. It continues east across SR 208 and is renamed West Cremetti Lane, then turns south as MacKenzie Lane, and then turns east again onto East Pursel Lane. The highway then turns into a gravel county road.

Nevada State Route 208
State Route 208 (SR 208) is a 37.893-mile (60.983 km) state highway in Douglas and Lyon counties in Nevada, United States.  It connects U.S. Route 395 (US 395) north of Topaz Lake to U.S. Route 95 Alternate in Yerington. The road serves as the primary transportation corridor of Smith Valley and is Main street in Yerington. The route was originally a portion of State Route 3.
Austria–Kurdistan Region relations
Austria–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between Austria and the Kurdistan Region. Austria is represented in Kurdistan Region through a commercial office in Erbil since 2006, while Kurdistan Region has a representation in Vienna since 2012.

Masoud Barzani
Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: مەسعوود‌ بارزانی, romanized: Mesûd Barzanî; born 16 August 1946) is a Kurdish politician who has been leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979, and was President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from 2005 to 2017.
Mesquite Bandits
The Mesquite Bandits indoor football club was a charter member of the Lone Star Football League (LSFL) that was scheduled to begin play for its 2012 inaugural season. Based in Mesquite, Texas, the Bandits would have played their home games at the Resistol Arena, home of the famous Mesquite Championship Rodeo. Citing financial and organizational issues, the LSFL revoked the team's franchise in January 2012.

Mesquite Championship Rodeo
The Mesquite Championship Rodeo is a rodeo located in Mesquite, Texas, United States, that operates from June through August. It is only a 15 minute drive from Dallas, Texas. It is sanctioned by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). In 2020, it received the PRCA Small Rodeo of the Year award. It also received the Texas Small Rodeo of the Year award.
Rollomonadia
Rollomonadia is a group of single-celled flagellates. It contains a small group of heterotrophic flagellates known as katablepharids, as well as the abundant cryptomonads (=cryptophytes), which comprise the heterotrophic Goniomonadea and the photosynthetic Cryptophyceae. Together with Palpitomonas and the Endohelea heliozoans, they compose the phylum Cryptista.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Myriospora signyensis
Myriospora signyensis is a crustose lichen in the family Acarosporaceae, known only from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, Antarctica). It is characterised by a thallus that becomes distinctly lobed and often orange-red or rust-coloured at the margins, and by large, sessile apothecia with a prominent, raised rim. Molecular phylogenetics analyses place it as a well-supported sister to Myriospora scabrida, although it never attains the green-tinged colouration of that species and instead lacks the thick pigmented epinecral layer common in M. scabrida.

Acarosporaceae
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids (hyphal structures similar in function to true paraphyses, but often branched and forming a network).
Barcelona Charter
The Barcelona Charter, in full the European Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Traditional Ships in Operation is an informal but widely accepted standard for maintenance and restoration projects on historic watercraft that are still in operation as active sailing vessels.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
MasterChef Israel
MasterChef Israel (Hebrew: מאסטר שף) is an Israeli reality cooking competition show that debuted on 14 October 2010 by Keshet on Channel 2 (from 2017 Keshet 12). It is based on the global MasterChef competitive cooking show television format. The show was very well received and highly acclaimed, achieving excellent reviews and high ratings.

MasterChef
MasterChef is a competitive cooking show television format created by Franc Roddam, which originated with the British version in July 1990. The show aims to discover the culinary talent of chefs of varying skill levels, through a series of cooking challenges, watched over by various acclaimed food critics and chefs.

Dave Ross commissioned the show for the BBC and gave it the name; he had already produced Masterteam, a quiz show hosted by Angela Rippon, and worked on the long-running Mastermind, and so the name was a continuation of that. The format was revived and updated for the BBC in February 2005 by executive producers Roddam and John Silver with series producer Karen Ross.

The revived format is sold internationally by Banijay. Its first international adaptation was MasterChef Australia, which began in 2009. The show has since been adapted in several other countries.
NGC 24
NGC 24 is a spiral galaxy in the southern constellation of Sculptor, about 23.8 megalight-years distant from the Milky Way. It was discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1785, and measures some 40,000 light-years across. The general shape of this galaxy is specified by its morphological classification of SA(s)c, which indicates it is an unbarred spiral with no ring-like structure and moderate to loosely-wound spiral arms. This galaxy is positioned in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is actually a background object that is about two times as distant. It may form a pair with another background galaxy, NGC 45.

Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Museum of Contemporary Art (Tangier)
The Galerie d'Art Contemporain Mohamed Drissi, formerly the Museum of Contemporary Art or Musée d' Art Contemporain, is a museum in Tangier, Morocco, housed in the building of the former British consulate near the Church of St. Andrew.

The museum opened in 1986. After a redevelopment in 2006 the museum was renamed and re-opened on April 12, 2007, under its current name. It shows mainly traveling exhibitions.

St Andrew's Church, Tangier
The Church of Saint Andrew is an Anglican church in Tangier, Morocco. Consecrated in 1905, the church is within the Archdeaconry of Gibraltar. The building is constructed in a Moorish architectural style.
Amina Oyiza Bello
Amina Oyiza Bello, née Yakubu (born 2 April 1978) is a lawyer, philanthropist, and the first wife of Yahaya Bello, Kogi state governor. She is the CEO of Fairplus International ltd, founder of Hayat Foundation, businesswoman, and a humanitarian.

She is the second of eight siblings.

Amina attended Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria, where she studied Law and received her LLB degree.

Yahaya Bello
Yahaya Adoza Bello CON (// ⓘ; born 18 June 1975) is a Nigerian businessman, politician. He served as the governor of Kogi State from 2016 to 2024. A member of the All Progressives Congress, Bello was the youngest governor in Nigeria throughout his term in office.

Born in Okene, Bello studied accounting and business administration at Ahmadu Bello University before entering the workforce in the mid-2000s. His political career began with a loss to Abubakar Audu in the APC gubernatorial primary in 2015. Audu won the election, but died on election day; Bello was selected to replace him as party nominee, and was sworn in the following year. Four years later, Bello was elected amid reports of violence and fraud. His profile rose during his term due to his relative youth compared to other Nigerian politicians and his controversial statements and questionable expenditures.
Zermatt GGB railway station
Zermatt GGB railway station (German: Bahnhof Zermatt GGB, French: Gare de Zermatt GGB) is a railway station in the municipality of Zermatt, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is the northern terminus of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Gornergrat Railway and is served by local trains only. The station is across the street from Zermatt railway station, the southern terminus of the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn's Brig–Zermatt line.

Brig–Zermatt railway line
The Brig–Zermatt railway line is a metre gauge railway line in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Its 44-kilometre-long (27 mi) line links the communities of Brig and Visp in the Rhone Valley with Täsch and the car free holiday resort of Zermatt in the Mattertal. The line also forms part of the much travelled and admired route of the Glacier Express between St. Moritz and Zermatt. The Gornergratbahn (which was opened in 1898) is connected with the line at Zermatt.

The line was originally built by the Visp-Zermatt-Bahn (VZ), and opened between Visp and Zermatt in 1890–1891. The extension to Brig opened in 1930. The company was renamed the Brig-Visp-Zermatt-Bahn (BVZ) in 1961, and was later branded as BVZ Zermatt-Bahn. It merged with the Furka Oberalp Bahn (FO) in 2003 to form the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB).
Shea Fahy
Shea Fahy (born 6 October 1962) is an Irish Gaelic football coach and former player. At club level he played with Sarsfields and Nemo Rangers and was a member of the Kildare and Cork senior football teams. Fahy usually lined out at midfield.

All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament which began in season 1970–71. It is the top-tier competition for the senior football clubs of Ireland and London.

The current champions are Dingle of Kerry who defeated St Brigid's of Roscommon on 18 January 2026 to win their first All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The current trophy is the Andy Merrigan Cup, named after a footballer who played for Castletown Liam Mellows and Wexford who died as a result of a farm accident at the height of his playing career. It was first presented in 1974.
Hont County
Hont County was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Most of its territory is now part of Slovakia, while a smaller southern portion is part of Hungary.

Today, in Slovakia Hont is the informal designation of the corresponding territory and an official tourist region.

Counties of Hungary (1000–1920)
A county (Hungarian: vármegye 'castle-county' or megye) is the name of a type of administrative unit in Hungary.

This article deals with counties in the former Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century until the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see: Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see: Counties of Hungary.
Alay District
Alay (Kyrgyz: Алай району, romanized: Alay rayonu) is a district of Osh Region in south-western Kyrgyzstan. The capital is Gülchö. The Alay District borders with China in the east, Tajikistan in the south, Chong-Alay District in the west, Nookat District in the north-west, Kara-Suu District and Özgön District in the north, and Kara-Kulja District in the north-east. Its area is 6,821 square kilometres (2,634 sq mi), and its resident population was 87,398 in 2021.

Nookat District
Nookat (Kyrgyz: Ноокат району, also: Naukat) is a district of Osh Region in south-western Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 3,179 square kilometres (1,227 sq mi), and its resident population was 302,481 in 2021. The administrative seat lies at Nookat.
Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre
Joseph Alexandre Saint-Yves, Marquis d’Alveydre (French: [sɛ̃tiv]; 26 March 1842 – 5 February 1909) was a French occultist who adapted the works of Fabre d'Olivet (1767–1825) and, in turn, had his ideas adapted by Gérard Encausse alias Papus. His work on L'Archéomètre deeply influenced the young René Guénon.

He developed the term "synarchy"—the association of everyone with everyone else—into a political philosophy, and his ideas about this type of government proved influential in politics and the occult.

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).
Christian Ranucci
Christian Ranucci (French pronunciation: [kʁistjɑ̃ ʁanutʃi]; 6 April 1954 – 28 July 1976) was a French man convicted for the abduction and killing of an eight-year-old girl on Whit Monday 1974. Sentenced to death by beheading on 10 March 1976, Ranucci was the third-to-last person executed in France, and frequently cited as the last due to the notoriety and media frenzy over the case.

Ranucci's case greatly influenced the debate over capital punishment in France after the book Le Pull-over rouge (1978) was published by former lawyer and journalist Gilles Perrault. It called Ranucci's guilt into question, and had a notable impact on public opinion, with over one million copies sold, and was translated into twenty languages.

Paris Match
Paris Match (French pronunciation: [paʁi matʃ]) is a French-language weekly magazine that features a mix of news and pop culture. It covers major national and international news along with celebrity lifestyle features and photo reporting. Paris Match has been considered "one of the world's best outlets for photojournalism". Its content quality was compared to the American magazine Life. Paris Match's original slogan was "Le poids des mots, le choc des photos" ("The weight of words, the shock of photos"), which was changed to "Life is a true story" in 2008. The magazine was sold by Lagardère to LVMH in 2024.
Jacques Guérin-Desjardins
Jacques Guérin-Desjardins (French: [ʒak ɡeʁɛ̃ deʒaʁdɛ̃]; November 1894 – 1982) was the National Commissioner of Eclaireurs Unionistes de France from 1923 to 1936. He had been a Boy Scout in Britain where he was educated, attended the Birmingham Scout Rally in 1913, and served as the interpreter of Lord Baden-Powell at International Conferences and World Jamborees. He was a recipient of the Silver Wolf Award, the highest award made by The Scout Association "for services of the most exceptional character.".

He was a lieutenant at Verdun, a recipient of the Croix de Guerre with citations, Légion d’Honneur and was promoted to captain in 1940 with a second Croix de Guerre. He married Antoinette Nègre from Nîmes, was the father of three children, the eldest of whom was Arnaud Desjardins. Later, he was a Human Resources Director at Peugeot.

Imperial Scout Exhibition
The Imperial Scout Exhibition was the first International scout rally in Birmingham, a gathering of Boy Scouts held in July 1913, with an exhibition  at Bingley Hall, opened by Princess Alexander of Teck, and events in Perry Hall Park (then in Staffordshire; part of Birmingham from 1928) attended by about 30,000 Scouts, in the presence of Prince Arthur of Connaught. A review of Sea Scouts took place at Edgbaston Reservoir.

The 1st Shanghai Troop of Baden-Powell Scouts attended, taking six weeks to arrive from Shanghai. There were also troops from Australia, South Africa, Canada, Gibraltar, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Poland, Sweden, and Holland.
Governor of Maryland
The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments).

The current governor is Wes Moore, who has been in office since 2023.

Damnatio memoriae
Damnatio memoriae (Classical Latin pronunciation: [damˈnaːti.oː mɛˈmɔri.ae̯]) is a modern Latin phrase meaning "condemnation of memory" or "damnation of memory", indicating that a person is to be excluded from official accounts. There are and have been many routes to damnatio memoriae including the destruction of depictions, the removal of names from inscriptions and documents, and even large-scale rewritings of history.
Alligator (The National album)
Alligator is the third studio album by American indie rock band the National, released on April 12, 2005 on Beggars Banquet. Recorded and produced by Peter Katis and Paul Mahajan, the album brought The National critical acclaim and increased their fanbase significantly.

The band performed album track "The Geese of Beverly Road" at the wedding of producer Peter Katis. A photo of the band performing on stage, with couples dancing in the foreground, became the cover of the band's next album Boxer.

The band supported Barack Obama's presidential candidacy in 2008. In July of that year, the band designed and sold a T-shirt featuring Obama's image above the words "Mr. November", a reference to both the closing track on the album and the month of the U.S. presidential election. All proceeds were donated to Obama's campaign. The song had been written, in part, about John Kerry's candidacy four years earlier.

Clogs (band)
Clogs are a mostly instrumental project led by Bryce Dessner and Padma Newsome. Clogs have released five albums on Brassland Records—Thom's Night Out (2001), Lullaby for Sue (2003), Stick Music (2004), Lantern (2006) and The Creatures in the Garden of Lady Walton (2010).