hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thorium compounds
Many compounds of thorium are known: this is because thorium and uranium are the most stable and accessible actinides and are the only actinides that can be studied safely and legally in bulk in a normal laboratory. As such, they have the best-known chemistry of the actinides, along with that of plutonium, as the self-heating and radiation from them is not enough to cause radiolysis of chemical bonds as it is for the other actinides. While the later actinides from americium onwards are predominantly trivalent and behave more similarly to the corresponding lanthanides, as one would expect from periodic trends, the early actinides up to plutonium (thus including thorium and uranium) have relativistically destabilised and hence delocalised 5f and 6d electrons that participate in chemistry in a similar way to the early transition metals of group 3 through 8: thus, all their valence electrons can participate in chemical reactions, although this is not common for neptunium and plutonium.

Binary phase
In materials chemistry, a binary phase or binary compound is a chemical compound containing two different elements. Some binary phase compounds are molecular, e.g. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). More typically binary phase refers to extended solids.  Famous examples zinc sulfide, which contains zinc and sulfur, and tungsten carbide, which contains tungsten and carbon.

Phases with higher degrees of complexity feature more elements, e.g. three elements in ternary phases, four elements in quaternary phases. These phases exhibit a higher degree of complexity due to the interaction of these elements at different conditions.
Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame
The Magic:  The Gathering Pro Tour Hall of Fame was started in 2005 to honor the most successful Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour players. The first inductions came on the tenth anniversary of the first Pro Tour event, and new Hall of Famers will be determined annually. Players who are eligible for the ballot (as below) can be voted in the Hall of Fame if they get more than 60% of the election committee's votes. As of 2018, there are 48 players from 12 countries in the Hall of Fame.

Wizards Play Network
The Wizards Play Network (WPN) is the  official sanctioning body for competitive play in Magic: The Gathering (Magic) and various other games produced by Wizards of the Coast and its subsidiaries, such as Avalon Hill. Originally, it was known as the DCI (formerly Duelists' Convocation International) but was rebranded in 2008. The WPN provided game rules, tournament operating procedures, and other materials to private tournament organizers and players. It also operated a judge certification program to provide consistent rules enforcement and promote fair play. The DCI's name was still commonly used, however, to refer to the player registration number ("DCI number") until 2020.
Goodwin Park (Hartford, Connecticut)
Goodwin Park is a city park and golf course located in Hartford and Wethersfield, Connecticut. Opened to the public in 1901, it covers 227 acres (92 ha) and offers a playground, community pool and a 27-hole golf course.

In December each year, the park hosts Holiday Lights Fantasia, a Greater Hartford tradition since 1999 where illuminated structures festoon the interior road and thousands of cars stream through the park to enjoy 1 million lights.

Wethersfield, Connecticut
Wethersfield (/ˈwɛð.ərsfild/ WEH-thers-feeld) is a town located in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located immediately south of Hartford along the Connecticut River. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 27,298 at the time of the 2020 census.

Many records from colonial times spell the name "Weathersfield" and "Wythersfield", while Native Americans called it Pyquag. "Watertown" is a variant name.

The neighborhood known as Old Wethersfield is the state's largest historic district, spanning 2 sq mi (5.2 km2) and containing 1,100 buildings, dating to the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The town is primarily served by Interstate 91.
Miss Universe Malaysia 2017
Miss Universe Malaysia 2017, the 51st edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia, was held on 23 February 2017 at the Majestic Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. Samantha James of Kuala Lumpur of  was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Kiran Jassal of Selangor at the end of the event. She then represented Malaysia at the Miss Universe 2017 pageant in Las Vegas, United States.

Kiran Jassal
Kiranmeet Kaur Jassal (Punjabi: ਕਿਰਨ ਜੱਸਲ, romanized: Kirana jasala; born 13 March 1996), commonly known as Kiran Jassal, is a Malaysian Indian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Malaysia 2016. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2016 in Manila, Philippines.
Tepe Gawra
Tepe Gawra (also Tepe Gaura) is an ancient Mesopotamian settlement 24 km (15 mi) NNE of Mosul in northwest Iraq that was occupied between 5000 and 1500 BC. It is roughly a mile from the site of Nineveh and 2 miles E of the site of Khorsabad. It contains remains from the Halaf period, the Ubaid period, and the Uruk period (4000–3100 BC). Tepe Gawra contains material relating to the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period c. 5,500–5,000 BC.

Tell Arpachiyah is a contemporary Neolithic site nearby. At Yarim Tepe, located about 70 km (43 mi) to the west of Gawra, the uppermost levels of the Halaf cultural deposits are analogous to the Arpachiyah levels TT-6 to TT-8, and Tepe Gawra levels XVIII-XX.

Jemdet Nasr period
The Jemdet Nasr Period (also Jemdat Nasr period) is an archaeological culture in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). It is generally dated from 3100 to 2900 BC. It is named after the type site Tell Jemdet Nasr, where the assemblage typical for this period was first recognized. Its geographical distribution is limited to south-central Iraq. The culture of the proto-historical Jemdet Nasr period is a local development out of the preceding Uruk period and continues into the Early Dynastic I period.
Hikone screen
The Hikone screen (彦根屏風, Hikone byōbu) is a Japanese painted byōbu folding screen of unknown authorship made during the Kan'ei era (c. 1624–44).  The 94-×-274.8-centimetre (37.0 × 108.2 in) screen folds in six parts and is painted on gold-leaf paper.  It depicts people in the pleasure quarters of Kyoto playing music and games.  The screen comes from the feudal Hikone Domain, ruled by the screen's owners, the Ii clan.  It is owned by the city of Hikone in Shiga Prefecture, in the Ii Naochika Collection.

The work is seen as representative of early modern Japanese genre painting; some consider it the earliest work of ukiyo-e.  In 1955 it was designated a National Treasure of Japan and given the official name Shihon Kinjichaku-shoku Fuzoku-zu (紙本金地著色風俗図).

Hikone Castle
Hikone Castle (彦根城, Hikone-jō) is an Edo-period Japanese castle located in the city of Hikone, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It is considered the most significant historical site in Shiga. The site has been protected as a National Historic Site since 1951. Hikone is one of only twelve castles in Japan with its original tenshu, and one of only five castles with buildings listed as National Treasures.
Matlaske
Matlaske is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 21.6 miles (34.8 km) North-north-west of Norwich, 9.3 miles (15.0 km) south-west of Cromer and 136 miles (219 km) north-north-east of London. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The parish of Matlask in the 2001 census, a population of 124, increasing to 139 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.

Bittern Line
The Bittern Line is a railway branch line in Norfolk, England, that links Norwich to Sheringham. It passes through the Broads on its route to an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty on the north Norfolk coast. It is named after the bittern, a rare bird found in the reedy wetlands of Norfolk.

The line is 30 miles 22 chains (48.7 km) in length and there are 10 stations. It is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.11, and is classified as a rural line.

Passenger services are operated by Greater Anglia, which also manages all of the stations.
Boon Lay (planning area)
Boon Lay is a planning area situated in the West Region of Singapore. It shares boundaries with the planning areas of Pioneer to the west, Jurong West to the north, Jurong East to the east and Jurong Strait to the south.

The Boon Lay Planning Area is distinct from the Boon Lay subzone, which lies within the neighbouring planning area of Jurong West. Together with adjacent Pioneer, the Boon Lay Planning Area forms part of the broader Jurong Industrial Estate.

Boon Lay
Boon Lay (simplified Chinese: 文礼; traditional Chinese: 文禮, Tamil: பூன் லே) is a neighbourhood located in the town of Jurong West in the West Region of Singapore. Its borders very roughly correspond to the URA subzone of Boon Lay Place, situated within the Jurong West Planning Area.
Rita Aragon
LaRita A. "Rita" Aragon (born December 3, 1947) is a retired United States Air National Guard two-star general who most recently served as the 4th Oklahoma Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Her final active military post was as the Air National Guard assistant to the Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff Manpower and Personnel. She retired in 2006.

Aragon is the first woman to hold the position of VA Secretary. As secretary, Aragon serves as Governor Mary Fallin's chief advisor on matters related to the policies and operations of the Oklahoma Department of Veterans Affairs.

Oklahoma Secretary of Veterans Affairs
The Oklahoma Secretary of Veterans Affairs is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The Secretary is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The Secretary serves as the chief advisor to the Governor on veterans healthcare and benefits.

The current Secretary is Major General Ben T. Robinson, USAF (ret.).
Mohammad Al-Mosawi
Sayed Mohammed Al-Mosawi (Arabic: سيد محمد الموسوي, born 12 May 1995) is a Kuwaiti karateka. He represented Kuwait at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's kata event. He finished in 5th place in his pool in the elimination round and he did not advance to the next round.

World Karate Federation
The World Karate Federation (WKF) is an international governing body of sport karate with 198 member countries. It is the only karate organization recognised by the International Olympic Committee and has more than a hundred million members. The WKF organizes their Junior and Senior Karate World Championships, which are each held every other year. The President of the WKF is Antonio Espinós, and the headquarters are located in Madrid, Spain.
J. T. Smith (wrestler)
John T. Smith (born April 25, 1967) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, J. T. Smith. He is best known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling in the 1990s.

ECW Maryland Championship
The ECW Maryland Championship was a short-lived title in Eastern Championship Wrestling, later known as Extreme Championship Wrestling. It was also known as NWA Maryland Heavyweight Championship, and only existed from 1993 to early 1994.
Arigomphus
Arigomphus is a genus of dragonflies of the Gomphidae family.
This group is commonly called the pond clubtails. The species are fairly plain and only the males have the club-shaped abdomen. Unlike other gomphids, they may emerge from artificial ponds.

The genus is confined to North America. It contains the following species:

Arigomphus cornutus (Tough, 1900) – horned clubtail

Arigomphus furcifer (Hagen in Selys, 1878) – lilypad clubtail

Arigomphus lentulus (Needham, 1902) – stillwater clubtail

Arigomphus maxwelli (Ferguson, 1950) – bayou clubtail

Arigomphus pallidus (Rambur, 1842) – gray-green clubtail

Arigomphus submedianus (Williamson, 1914) – jade clubtail

Arigomphus villosipes (Selys, 1854) – unicorn clubtail

Arigomphus lentulus
Arigomphus lentulus, the stillwater clubtail, is a species of clubtail in the family of dragonflies known as Gomphidae. It is found in North America. This dragonfly species can breed in calm waters. Like many dragonflies, this species feeds on small flying insects.

The IUCN conservation status of Arigomphus lentulus is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable.
Giebel (mountain)
The Giebel is the northeastern corner of the mountain chain that branches off to the northeast at the Laufbacher Eck. It has a height of 1,949 metres and belongs to the Allgäu grass mountains. Northeast of the Giebel lies the Alpine hut of Giebelhaus, which may be reached on a road from Hinterstein that is not open to the public. From the Giebel there are impressive views down to the Giebelhaus.

No waymarked path leads to the Giebel. It may be ascended, however, from the Feldalpe on trackless terrain. This climb requires a head for heights and sure-footedness. A crossing of the entire ridge from the Giebel via the Berggächtle and the Salober to the Laufbacher Eck is occasionally attempted by experienced mountain climbers (climbing grade UIAA III).

The botany of the Giebel is similar to that of the more famous Höfats or Schneck.

Bad Hindelang
Bad Hindelang (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhɪndəlaŋ]) is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. As of 2025, it had a population of 5,072. Its sulphur spring was used for cures in the 19th century and today the municipality is a major health resort. In 2025, the town was awarded the title “Best Tourism Village” by the World Tourism Organization.
Patía River
The Patía River (Spanish: Río Patía) is a river in southwestern Colombia. It flows over 400 kilometres (250 mi) to drain into the Pacific Ocean north of Tumaco.  The Patía River is the longest river on the Colombian Pacific Coast.  The last 90 kilometres (56 mi) is navigable by boat.

Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Occidental (English: Western Ranges) is the lowest in elevation of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.  The average altitude is 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and the highest peak is Cerro Tatamá at 4,100 m (13,500 ft).  The range extends from south to north diverging from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. The cordillera is paralleled on the east by the Cauca river. From this massif the range divides further to form the Serranías de Ayapel, San Jerónimo and Abibe, receding into the Caribbean plain and the Sinú River valley.

It is a direct continuation of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador.
Giovanni Calabrese
Giovanni Calabrese (born 30 October 1966 in Messina) is an Italian rower who competed at three Olympic Games.

He is married to Paola Grizzetti, 6th in rowing at Los Angeles 1984, and his daughter Valentina is also a rower, silver medal at senior level at the 2010 European Rowing Championships, he is her coach.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Riccardo Pazzaglia
Riccardo Pazzaglia (12 September 1926 – 4 October 2006) was an Italian actor, film director, screenwriter, songwriter (for Domenico Modugno), TV and radio personality.

Born in Naples, Pazzaglia graduated in direction from the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome. He entered the film industry as an assistant director and screenwriter, specializing in adventure and comedy films. Pazzaglia made his directional debut with L'onorata società, starring the comedy duo Franco and Ciccio, whom he also directed in Farfallon. After some years of hiatus, Pazzaglia got a personal success thanks to his participation to the Renzo Arbore's variety show Quelli della notte. He later reprised his film activities, collaborating to the screenplays of some films by Luciano De Crescenzo and writing, directing and also starring in his last film, Separati in casa.

Domenico Modugno
Domenico Modugno (Italian pronunciation: [doˈmeːniko moˈduɲɲo]; 9 January 1928 – 6 August 1994) was an Italian singer, actor and, later in life, a member of the Italian Parliament. He is known for his 1958 international hit song "Nel blu dipinto di blu", for which he received the first Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. He is considered the first Italian cantautore.
WampServer
WampServer refers to a solution stack for the Microsoft Windows operating system, created by Romain Bourdon and consisting of the Apache web server, OpenSSL for SSL support, MySQL database and PHP programming language.

LAMP (software bundle)
A LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) is one of the most common software stacks for the web's most popular applications. Its generic software stack model has largely interchangeable components.

Each letter in the acronym stands for one of its four open-source building blocks

Linux for the operating system

Apache HTTP Server

MariaDB or MySQL for the relational database management system

Perl, PHP, or Python for the programming language

The components of the LAMP stack are present in the software repositories of most Linux distributions.
VAX
VAX (an acronym for virtual address extension) is a series of computers featuring a 32-bit instruction set architecture (ISA) and virtual memory that was developed and sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the late 20th century. The VAX-11/780, introduced October 25, 1977, was the first of a range of popular and influential computers implementing the VAX ISA. The VAX family was a huge success for DEC, with the last members arriving in the early 1990s. The VAX was succeeded by the DEC Alpha, which included several features from VAX machines to make porting from the VAX easier.

Gate array
A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g., NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according to custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory. It was popular during the upheaval in the semiconductor industry in the 1980s, and its usage declined by the end of the 1990s.

Similar technologies have also been employed to design and manufacture analog, analog-digital, and structured arrays, but, in general, these are not called gate arrays.

Gate arrays have also been known as uncommitted logic arrays (ULAs), which also offered linear circuit functions, and semi-custom chips.
Hōjō Ujinori
Hōjō Ujinori (北条 氏規; 1545 – March 22, 1600) was the fourth son of Hōjō Ujiyasu. Very early in his life he became an acquaintance of Tokugawa Ieyasu, because he alike was also at the time a hostage of the Imagawa. Far later in 1590, he was persuaded to surrender when Odawara Castle was attacked by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He then set off to Odawara in an attempt to negotiate peace.

Tokugawa Ieyasu granted Ujinori the Sayama fiefdom, an estate of ten thousand koku. After Ujinori's death, the legacy of the Hōjō clan will be continued by his son, Hōjō Ujimori.

Odawara Castle
Odawara Castle (小田原城, Odawara-jō) is a reconstructed Japanese castle in the city of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

The current donjon (keep) was constructed out of reinforced concrete in 1960 on a stone foundation of the former donjon, torn down from 1870–1872 during the Meiji Period.  There has been fortifications at or around the castle's current site since the Kamakura Period (1185–1333).

The reconstructed Odawara Castle was listed as one of the 100 Fine Castles of Japan by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.
2019 Chrono des Nations
The 2019 Chrono des Nations was the 38th edition of the Chrono des Nations cycle race, organised as a 1.1 race on the UCI Europe Tour, was held on 20 October 2019. The race started and finished in Les Herbiers. The race was won by Jos van Emden.

Chrono des Nations
Chrono des Nations – Les Herbiers Vendée is a single-day individual time trial road bicycle race held annually in October in Les Herbiers, Vendée, France. Since 2005, the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

It was originally called Chrono des Herbiers but in 2006 the race merged with the now defunct Grand Prix des Nations to create the currently called Chrono des Nations.
Federal administration of Switzerland
The federal administration of Switzerland is the ensemble of agencies that constitute, together with the Swiss Federal Council, the executive branch of the Swiss federal authorities. The administration is charged with executing federal law and preparing draft laws and policy for the Federal Council and the Federal Assembly.

The administration consists of seven federal departments and the Federal Chancellery. The departments are roughly equivalent to the ministries of other states, but their scope is generally broader. Each department consists of several federal offices, which are headed by a director, and of other agencies. The much smaller Federal Chancellery, headed by the Federal Chancellor, operates as an eighth department in most respects.

Swiss intelligence agencies
The Swiss intelligence community is a group of agencies with responsibilities to protect the interests and infrastructure of Switzerland.

The Federal Intelligence Service (FIS), the country's main intelligence agency, is governed by the Intelligence Service Act.
Tallurutiup Imanga National Marine Conservation Area
Tallurutiup Imanga National Marine Conservation Area is a proposed National Marine Conservation Area (NMCA) located in the Qikiqtani Region of Nunavut, Canada. The goal of the marine conservation area is to work with local Inuit to conserve the rich biodiversity of Lancaster Sound and its adjacent waterways. Once formally established under the Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act, it will become the largest Parks Canada and Qikiqtani Inuit Association (QIA) co-managed protected area and the second largest protected area in Canada after Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area.

National Marine Conservation Area
National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs) is a Parks Canada programme responsible for marine areas managed for sustainability and containing smaller zones of high protection. They include the seabed, the water itself and any species which occur there. They may also include wetlands, estuaries, islands and other coastal lands. They are protected from dumping, undersea mining, as well as oil and gas exploration and development, which may damage the aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems in the conservation area. However, not all commercial activities are prohibited in these zones. Shipping, commercial and sport fishing, and recreational activities are allowed.