hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China
The evolving structure of science and technology and frequent reversals of policy under the People's Republic have combined to give Chinese science a distinctive character. The variation in quality and achievements stems in part from a large and poorly educated rural populace and the somewhat limited opportunities for secondary and higher education — conditions common to all developing countries. The character of Chinese science has also reflected the concentration of resources in a few key fields and institutions, some with military applications. In more politically radical periods — such as the Great Leap Forward (1958–60) and the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) — efforts were made to expand the ranks of scientists and technicians by sharply reducing education and certification standards.

Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
The Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND; 国防科学技术工业委员会) was a civilian commission within the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for setting policy for defense procurement. It was considered as the Chinese counterpart of DARPA of the US. The ministry was formed in 1982 to centralize Chinese defense procurement and technology whose responsibility had been distributed among several agencies. In March 2008, COSTIND was merged into a new ministry called the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and renamed as the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND). The final-term COSTIND deputy director, Chen Qiufa, was named as the head of SASTIND.
Robbert de Winter
Robbert Jan de Winter (born on August 23, 1958) is a Dutch cardiologist who along with Niels Verouden, Arthur Wilde, and Hein J.J. Wellens described the namesake De Winter syndrome, a rare presentation of myocardial infarction of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) without obvious ST segment elevation, found in 2% of LAD occlusions.
De Winter is currently a professor of clinical cardiology at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Amsterdam.

Hein Wellens
Henrick Joan Joost (Hein J. J. ) Wellens, M.D., (1935–2020) was a Dutch cardiologist who is considered one of the founding fathers of clinical cardiac electrophysiology - a discipline which enables patients with cardiac arrhythmias to have catheter electrode mapping and ablation.

Wellens was known among European cardiologists as "the giant of Maastricht" and for many years was associated with the University of Limburg School of Medicine in Maastricht, Netherlands. At his department of cardiology, many future clinical cardiac electrophysiologists trained from 1976 until his retirement in 2002.
Sportfreunde 05 Saarbrücken
The Sportfreunde 05 Saarbrücken is a German Association football club from the town of Saarbrücken, Saarland.

Historically the club has been a strong side in Saarbrücken, playing at highest level, and even applying for Fußball-Bundesliga membership in 1963. The club also took part in the first round of the 1962–63 DFB-Pokal. Since then however Sportfreunde Saarbrücken has declined to a point where it now plays in the lower amateur leagues, having fallen behind local rivals 1. FC Saarbrücken and Saar 05 Saarbrücken.

Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar
The Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, formerly the Oberliga Südwest, is the highest regional football league for the Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland states of Germany, organized by the Southwestern Regional Football Association. It is one of twelve Oberligas in German football, the fifth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system. Before the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994, it was the third tier.

From January 1946 up until the creation of the Bundesliga in 1963, the Oberliga Südwest was one of the five highest divisions in Germany. The current league originates from 1978.
Clearwater Academy International
Clearwater Academy International is a Scientologist school located in Clearwater, Florida. The school serves grades Pre-K to 12 in a co-educational system. It was formed in 1997 after the merger of Jefferson Academy, A To Be School, and the Renaissance Academy.

The school is licensed by Applied Scholastics and uses the Study Technology by Scientology's founder L. Ron Hubbard. The school receives public funding through voucher and tax credit scholarship programs as per a 2017 Huffington Post investigation where it was disclosed the school received more than $500,000 in taxpayer money for student scholarships between 2012 and 2016.

Clearwater Academy's football team are called the Knights and they won the 8-man football championships in 2014 and 2015, and moved to 11-to-11 in 2016.

In 2017, students from the academy participated in Hurricane Harvey relief efforts in Texas.

Applied Scholastics
Applied Scholastics (APS) is an organization that promotes and licenses the use of study techniques created by L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology. Applied Scholastics is operated by the Church of Scientology.
Bergring Arena (speedway)
The Bergring Arena formerly the Kellerholz Arena is a 18,000-capacity multi-use stadium in Teterow, Germany. It hosts one of the rounds of the Speedway Grand Prix, which is the premier world event in motorcycle speedway. The speedway track is located adjacent to the famous Teterower Bergring (mountain ring).

German Team Speedway Championship
The German Speedway Team Championships are an annual motorcycle speedway events held each year organised by the Deutscher Motor Sport Bund.

The Championships are referred to as the Bundesliga but from 2021 until 2022, a shortened format was arranged due to the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Archduke Gottfried of Austria
Archduke Gottfried of Austria (German: Gottfried Maria Joseph Peter Ferdinand Hubert Anton Rupert Leopold Heinrich Ignaz Alfons, Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Toskana; 14 March 1902 – 21 January 1984), also styled as Gottfried Erzherzog von Österreich, was an Archduke of Austria and claimant to the defunct throne of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

Starnberg
Starnberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaʁnbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, some 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Munich. It is at the north end of Lake Starnberg, in the heart of the "Five Lakes Country", and serves as capital of the district of Starnberg. Recording a disposable per-capita income of €26,120 in 2007, Starnberg regained its status as the wealthiest town in Germany.
1986 Madrid Open
The 1986 Madrid Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Club de Campo Villa de Madrid in Madrid, Spain that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was played from 28 April until 4 May 1986. First-seeded Joakim Nyström won the singles title and earned $17,000 first-prize money.

1986 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit held that year. The tour consisted of 70 tournaments in 23 different countries. It incorporated three of the four grand slam tournaments, three World Championship Tennis tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The season ending Masters tournament was moved from the January slot to December.
Rock the Park
RBC Rock the Park, formerly known as Start.ca Rocks the Park and Hawk Rocks the Park, is an annual music concert held at Harris Park in London, Ontario, Canada. From 2004 to 2008, it was primarily a classic rock concert sponsored by radio station 103.9 The Hawk. In 2010, the three-day concert was sponsored by three radio stations: 98.1 Free FM,  FM96, and country music station BX93.

For the first 12 years, the purpose of the event was to raise money for Bethany's Hope Foundation for MLD Research, which raised over $2.2 million.

Since 2016, Rock the Park has teamed up with the following charities: Big Brothers Big Sisters of London and Area, Make-A-Wish Southwestern Ontario and Children's Health Foundation, while also supporting Western Mustangs Football. In 2019, they rebranded the name to Start.ca Rocks the Park with their partnership with Start.ca. In 2023, they again rebranded to RBC Rock the Park to reflect their partnership with Royal Bank of Canada.

CIQM-FM
CIQM-FM (97.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station in London, Ontario, Canada, branded as 97.5 Virgin Radio.  It is owned by Bell Media and it airs a contemporary hit radio format. The station has several London-based full-time air personalities, while some shows are syndicated from iHeartRadio. The studios and offices are at 1 Communications Road off Highview Avenue West, shared with sister stations 92.7 CJBX-FM and channel 10 CFPL-DT.

CIQM-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts.  The transmitter is off Byron Baseline Road at Westdel Bourne Road, west of downtown London.
Woolhope
Woolhope is a village and civil parish in the English county of Herefordshire. The population of the civil parish was 486 at the 2011 census. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Broadmoor Common to the west of the village (and a nature reserve of the same name), and a locale known as The Nurdens also known as Upper Woolhope to its northeast.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Meydan, Sonqor
Meydan (Persian: ميدان, also Romanized as Meydān; also known as Mayāna) is a village in Gavrud Rural District, in the Central District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 211, in 50 families.

Gavrud Rural District (Sonqor County)
Gavrud Rural District (Persian: دهستان گاورود) is in Bavaleh District of Sonqor County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Deh-e Rezvan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qomam.
Claire Fahey
Claire Fahey née Vigrass (born 19 June 1991) is a British real tennis and rackets player and current real tennis Ladies World Champion. She holds over 40 Open singles titles and has completed a calendar year Grand Slam on six occasions. She is 
the first female player to play in the main draw of three of the four Men's Opens, and the first to female player to reach a semi final stage. She has also challenged for the Rackets World Championships on two occasions and has won five British Open Rackets titles. In 2025, she defended her World Championship titles in both singles and doubles.

Prested Hall
Prested Hall is a country house in Feering, Essex. It was built in the fourteenth century for the Weston family and passed through several notable families over the next six hundred years. Now Prested Hall is a Boutique Wedding and Events venue with Elemis SPA, Health Club, 20-bedroom accommodation, and Real Tennis & Padel Tennis. It is probably the only hotel in the world with 2 courts of Real tennis, the original game of tennis whose origins can be traced to the 14th century. It is a Grade II listed building.
National Union for the Future of Monaco
The National Union for the Future of Monaco (Union nationale pour l'Avenir de Monaco) was a centrist political party in Monaco. It ran as a part of the Union Monégasque list.

In 2013, National Union for the future of Monaco and Union of Monegasques formed a political group Union Monégasque. In the 2013 legislative elections, as a member of the Union Monégasque, the alliance won 38.99% of the popular vote and 3 out of 24 seats.

In the 2018 legislative elections, Union Monégasque won 16.2 percent of the vote and 1 seat.

In the 2023 legislative elections, Union Monégasque ran as a part of Monegasque National Union list.

Monegasque National Union
The Monegasque National Union (French: Union Nationale Monégasque, UNM) is a Monegasque electoral list consisting of three parties: Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, and Union Monégasque. It has been led by Brigitte Boccone-Pagès of Priorité Monaco since 2022. It won all the seats in the National Council in the 2023 general election.
Pilosella aurantiaca
Pilosella aurantiaca (fox-and-cubs,: 758  orange hawkweed,: 208  devil's paintbrush,: 324  grim-the-collier) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is native to alpine regions of central and southern Europe, where it is protected in several regions.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
1981 American League Division Series
The 1981 American League Division Series (ALDS), the opening round of the American League side of the 1981 MLB Postseason, began on Tuesday, October 6, and ended on Sunday, October 11. The Division Series were approved by team owners on August 6 in response to the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, which caused the cancellation of roughly one-third of the regular season between June 12 and August 9; by the time play was resumed, it was decided that the best approach was to have the first-half leaders automatically qualify for postseason play, and allow all the teams to begin the second half with a clean slate.

1981 Major League Baseball strike
The 1981 Major League Baseball strike was the first work stoppage in Major League Baseball since the 1972 Major League Baseball strike that caused regular season games to be cancelled. It was the fourth work stoppage since 1972, but actions in 1973, 1976, and 1980 cancelled no regular-season games. The strike began on June 12 and forced the cancellation of 712 games—nearly 34 percent of the Major League schedule—in the middle of the season. The two sides reached an agreement on July 31. Play resumed on August 9 with the All-Star Game; regular-season games resumed the following day.

An estimated US$146 million was lost in player salaries, ticket sales, broadcast revenues, and concession revenues. The players lost $4 million a week in salaries while the 30 owners lost a total of $72 million.
Y Chromosome Consortium
The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) was a collection of scientists who worked toward the understanding of human Y chromosomal phylogenetics and evolution. The consortium had the following objective: web resources that communicate information relating to the non-recombinant region of the Y-chromosome including new variants and changes in the nomenclature.  The consortium sponsored literature regarding updates in the phylogenetics and nomenclature.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
Masburg
Masburg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Deportivo Tepic F.C. Premier
Deportivo Tepic JAP Fútbol Club Premier play in the Segunda División in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico and are the official reserve team for Deportivo Tepic F.C. The games are held in the city of Tepic in the Estadio Olímpico Santa Teresita.

Coras FC
Coras Fútbol Club, simplified as Coras FC and also known as Coras de Tepic, was a Mexican professional football club based in Tepic, Nayarit. It competed in Liga Premier, the second level division of Mexican football, and played its home matches at the Estadio Sección 123. Founded in 1950 as Deportivo Tepic, the club changed its name to Club Universidad de Nayarit in 1971, later renamed as Chivas Coras in 2006 and finally it changed to its current name in 2014. The club was moved to Piedras Negras, Coahuila, and later dissolved in 2024.
Awaba, New South Wales
Awaba (/əwɒbə/) is a town and locality in the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, inland from Toronto. The name Awaba is of Aboriginal origins, and means "flat or plain surface", referring to Lake Macquarie.

Toronto, New South Wales
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/ ⓘ tə-RONT-oh) is a lakeside suburb within the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Newcastle's central business district and is a commercial hub for the sprawling suburbs on the western shore of the lake. It is one of the major centres in the City of Lake Macquarie.
Jonas Erikson Sundahl
Jonas Erikson Sundahl (1678-1762) was a Swedish-born architect who spent most of his working life at and around Zweibrücken in the German Palatinate. Most of his designs were in the then-modern Baroque style.

Blieskastel
Blieskastel (German pronunciation: [ˌbliːsˈkastl̩] ⓘ Palatine German: Kaschdel [ˈkaɕ.d̥l̩]) is a town in the Saarpfalz (Saar-Palatinate) district, in Saarland, Germany which is divided into villages. It is situated on the river Blies, approximately 10 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Homburg (Saar), 8 km (5 mi) west of Zweibrücken, and 20 km (12 mi) east of Saarbrücken.
Jack Hylton
Jack Hylton (born John Greenhalgh Hilton; 2 July 1892 – 29 January 1965) was an English pianist, composer, band leader and impresario.

Hylton rose to prominence during the British dance band era, being referred as the "British King of Jazz" and "The Ambassador of British Dance Music" by the musical press, not only because of his popularity which extended throughout the world, but also for his use of unusually large ensembles for the time and his polished arrangements. He mostly retired from the music industry after 1940, becoming a successful theatrical businessman until his death.

British dance band
British dance band is a genre of popular jazz and dance music that developed in British dance halls and hotel ballrooms during the 1920s and 1930s, often called a Golden Age of British music, prior to the Second World War.

Thousands of miles away from the origins of jazz in the United States, British dance bands of this era typically played melodic, good-time music that had jazz and big band influences but also maintained a peculiarly British sense of rhythm and style which came from the music hall tradition. Often, comedians of the day or music hall personalities would sing novelty recordings backed by well-known British dance band leaders. Some of the British dance band leaders and musicians went on to fame in the United States in the swing era.

Thanks to Britain's continuing ballroom dancing tradition and its recording copyright laws, British dance music of the pre-swing era still attracts a modest audience, which American dance music of the same period does not.
Dirk Müller (racing driver)
Dirk Müller (born 18 November 1975) is a German Ford factory racing driver. He drove for Ford Chip Ganassi Racing in the 2016 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. He won the GTE Pro class at Le Mans in 2016 and won the GTLM in 2017.

Müller's former Schnitzer BMW team-mate Jörg Müller is unrelated, as is French driver Yvan Muller.

American Le Mans Series
The American Le Mans Series (ALMS) was a sports car racing series based in the United States and Canada. It consisted of a series of endurance and sprint races, and was created in the spirit of the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

The American Le Mans' headquarters was in Braselton, Georgia, adjacent to Road Atlanta.

In 2014, the series merged with the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series to form the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
ConDiego
ConDiego was the fifth North American Science Fiction Convention, held in San Diego, California, on August 30 – September 3, 1990, at the Omni Hotel San Diego and the San Diego Convention & Performing Arts Center.   This NASFiC was held because The Hague, Netherlands, was selected as the location for the 1990 Worldcon.

North American Science Fiction Convention
NASFiC, an abbreviation for North American Science Fiction Convention, is a science fiction convention scheduled in North America during years when a Worldcon is being held outside North America; NASFiCs are held only during such years. Bids for the location of a NASFiC are voted on by the membership of the Worldcon (or NASFiC if it exists), the year after a non-North-American Worldcon site has been selected. As of 2014, this is one year in advance of a potential NASFiC, since Worldcon sites are chosen two years in advance.
Two Against Tyre
"Two Against Tyre" is a story based on an unpublished story featuring Eithriall the Gaul, one of the lesser-known characters created by  Robert E. Howard. The story celebrated the pageantry of medieval knighthood, the exoticism of the Orient, the ferocity of the invaders from the steppes, the mysteries of the seraglio and the rise and fall of great dynasties. It was adapted by Marvel Comics into the Conan The Barbarian comics episode Two Against Turan, with major changes in the story line.

Conan the Barbarian (comics)
Conan the Barbarian is a comics book title starring the sword-and-sorcery character created by Robert E. Howard, published by the American company Marvel Comics. It debuted with a first issue cover-dated October 1970 and ran for 275 issues until 1993. A commercial success, the title launched a sword-and-sorcery vogue in American 1970s comics. He was often partnered with Red Sonja.

Marvel Comics reacquired the publishing rights in 2018 and started a new run of Conan the Barbarian in January 2019, at first with the creative team of writer Jason Aaron and artist Mahmud A. Asrar. This run ended in November 2021 after 25 issues, when Titan Comics acquired the license to publish Conan comic books in 2022.
Talha Asmal
Talha Asmal was a British teenager from Dewsbury, West Yorkshire who traveled with his neighbor Hassan Munshi to Syria to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in March 2015. A few months later, in June, he became the youngest suicide bomber in British history. He was seventeen at the time of his death.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.