hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of solar cells
In the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable.

As the invention was brought out it made solar cells as a prominent utilization for power generation for satellites. Satellites orbit the Earth, thus making solar cells a prominent source for power generation through the sunlight falling on them. Solar cells are commonly  used in satellites in today's times.

National Laboratory of the Rockies
The National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), formerly the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in the United States specializes in the research and development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy systems integration, and sustainable transportation. NREL is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Department of Energy and operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, a joint venture between MRIGlobal and Battelle. Located in Golden, Colorado, NREL is home to the National Center for Photovoltaics, the National Bioenergy Center, and the National Wind Technology Center. On December 1, 2025, the Department of Energy announced a new name for NREL, the National Laboratory of the Rockies, pending Congressional authorization.
Måvatn
Måvatn is a lake in the municipality of Åmli in Agder county, Norway.  It is located about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) northeast of the village of Askland in the Gjøvdal valley and about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the municipal border with Nissedal in Telemark county.

Askland
Askland is a village in Åmli municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is located in the Gjøvdal valley, just north of the river Gjøv. The village of Homdrom lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the southeast and the municipal centre of Åmli lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast. From 1908 until 1960, the Gjøvdal valley was the separate municipality of Gjøvdal which had Askland as its administrative centre. Gjøvdal Church is located in Askland.
Police board
A police board, police services board, or police commission is an appointed national or local government commission charged with the responsibility of overseeing a police force within its jurisdiction. Police boards may be required by government regulation, as they are in most of Canada, or they may be voluntarily formed by individual municipalities.

Police boards are generally established to create a degree of separation between political councils and non-political police forces, and are variously responsible for setting the policies, priorities, and budget of a police force; hiring the chief and deputy chiefs of police; determining the structure and organization of the police force; and conducting collective bargaining with police associations. Police boards are usually explicitly prohibited from making operational decisions.

Esquimalt
The Township of Esquimalt (/ɪˈskwaɪmɔːlt/) is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada.  It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the west by Esquimalt Harbour and Royal Roads, to the northwest by the New Songhees 1A Indian reserve and the town of View Royal, and to the north by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge, across which is the district municipality of Saanich. It is almost tangential to Esquimalt 1 Indian Reserve near Admirals Road. It is one of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria and part of the Capital Regional District.

Esquimalt had a population of 17,533 in 2021. It covers 7.08 km2 (2.73 sq mi). It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy.
S. A. M. Wood
Sterling Alexander Martin Wood (March 17, 1823 – January 26, 1891) commonly referred to as S.A.M. Wood, was an American lawyer and newspaper editor from Alabama. He  served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War until 1863, and resumed practicing law, served as a state legislator, and later taught law.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Černý potok (Smědá)
The Černý potok is a tributary on the left side of the river Smědá in Liberec District in Liberec Region, Czech Republic. The stream flows for 5.1 km, with a basin area measuring 6.7 km ².

The stream rises on the northern slopes of Černé Mountain (1085 m) in the Jizera Mountains at an altitude of 1035 m. The average flow at the mouth is 0.16 m³ / s. It flows mainly north. During its relatively short flow creates innumerable waterfalls and cascades. The outflow rushes through a stream northwards through, where there is the forest, dividing into several branches to the Strašice.

Smědá
The Smědá (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsmɲɛdaː]; Polish: Witka, German: Wittig) is a river in the Czech Republic and Poland, a right tributary of the Lusatian Neisse River. It flows through the Liberec Region in the Czech Republic and then through Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Together with the Bílá Smědá, which is its main source, the Smědá is 55.3 km (34.4 mi) long. Without the Bílá Smědá, it is 51.9 km (32.2 mi) long.
1933 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1933 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Young Irelands entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 111 June 1933 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Army Metro and Garda, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Army Metro won the match by 3–06 to 3–04 to claim their first ever championship title.

1932 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1932 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the 45th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887.

Garda entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 1 May 1932 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Young Irelands and University College Dublin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Young Irelands won the match by 8–02 to 3–01 to claim their first ever championship title.
Londonistan
"Londonistan"  is a sobriquet referring to the British capital of London and the growing Muslim population of late 20th- and early 21st-century London.

The word is a portmanteau of the UK's capital and the Persian suffix -stan, meaning "land", used by several countries in South and Central Asia. The term has been used in a number of publications, including The New York Times, Vanity Fair, The Weekly Standard, and in the 2006 book Londonistan: How Britain is Creating a Terror State Within.

Londonistan: How Britain Is Creating a Terror State Within
Londonistan: How Britain is Creating a Terror State Within is a 2006 best-selling book by the British journalist Melanie Phillips about the spread of Islamism in the United Kingdom over the previous twenty years. The book was published in London by Encounter Books.
History of Victoria
The history of Victoria refers to the history of the Australian state of Victoria and the area's preceding Indigenous and British colonial societies.

Before British colonisation of Australia, many Aboriginal peoples lived in the area now known as Victoria. After the first Europeans settled there in October 1803, in September 1836 the area became part of the colony of New South Wales, known as the District of Port Phillip. In July 1851, the District of Port Phillip was established as its own colony, becoming the Colony of Victoria, with its own government within the British Empire. During the 1850s, gold was discovered in Clunes and Buninyong in Ballarat in 1851, which was the start of the Victorian Gold Rush. In 1901 it became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia.

Wadawurrung
The Wadawurrung nation, also called the Wathaurong, or Wathaurung, are an Aboriginal Australian people living in the area near Melbourne, Geelong, and the Bellarine Peninsula in the state of Victoria. They are part of the Kulin alliance. The Wathaurong language was spoken by 25 clans south of the Werribee River and the Bellarine Peninsula to Streatham.  The area they inhabit has been occupied for at least the last 25,000 years.
History of the Community of Christ
The history of Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, covers a period of approximately 200 years. The church's early history traces to the revelations of Joseph Smith, who founded the  Church of Christ. After Smith's death, a  crisis in leadership would lead to several factions forming, some of which would coalesce into the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Under the  leadership of Smith's son, Joseph Smith III, the church would develop a more moderate character than other groups within the Latter Day Saint Movement. The church has continued to grow, becoming the second-largest church in the movement at large, behind the  Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 2001, the church changed its name to Community of Christ in order to better reflect its mission as an organization focused on community and Christ.

World Conference (Community of Christ)
World Conference is the highest legislative body in Community of Christ and is empowered to act for the entire church. It operates according to a principle known as "common consent" and is presided over by the First Presidency. The functioning of the councils, quorums and orders of the church are also considered an important part of the World Conference.

Delegates to the conference are elected by Mission Center conferences. Motions are often debated vigorously and the results are sometimes close and controversial. World Conferences are traditionally held at Community of Christ World Headquarters, with the legislative and main worship services held in the Auditorium in Independence, Missouri.
Prakash Sharan Mahat
Prakash Sharan Mahat is a Nepali politician and economist. He is a senior leader and spokesperson of the Nepali Congress. He has served as Minister of Finance, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Energy of Nepal.

Minister of Finance (Nepal)
The minister of finance (or simply, the finance minister, ( Nepali: अर्थ मन्त्री ) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of Nepal. One of the senior-most officers in the Federal Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. A key duty of the finance minister is to present the annual federal budget in Parliament, detailing the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the budget, the finance minister also outlines allocations to all the ministries and departments. The minister is assisted by the minister of state for finance and the junior deputy minister of finance.
Unteroffizier
Unteroffizier (lit. 'Under officer') is a junior non-commissioned officer rank used by the Bundeswehr. It is also the collective name for all non-commissioned officers in Austria and Germany. The Dutch version (onderofficier) is used by the Dutch armed forces. It was formerly a rank in the Imperial Russian Army.

Unteroffiziere mit Portepee
Unteroffizier(e) mit Portepee, also Portepeeunteroffizier(e) (transl. Non-commissioned officer(s) with sword knot), is the designation for German senior non-commissioned officers in the armed forces of Germany. The title derives from the French porte-épée ("sword bearer"), as senior enlisted men would historically carry a sword into battle.
HD 175167 b
HD 175167 b is an exoplanet orbiting HD 175167, which is a G type star within the Pavo constellation 232 light-years away from the Earth. The planet was discovered by the Magellan Planet Search Program as the astronomical object fit the Keplerian orbital model. During the observations 13 doppler velocity tests were conducted, which showed this object's mass was at least 7.8 Jovian-masses and its orbit has a high eccentricity. The exoplanet takes 3.53 years to complete a full stellar orbit.

An astrometric measurement of the planet's inclination and true mass was published in 2022 as part of Gaia DR3. A number of subsequent studies in 2022 and 2023 have determined astrometric orbits for HD 175167 b, estimating masses ranging from 6.4 MJ to 15 MJ, the latter of which would put it at the borderline of being a brown dwarf. The most recent and accurate mass measurement is 10 MJ, making it a massive super-Jovian planet.

HD 175167
HD 175167 is a star with an exoplanet companion in the southern constellation of Pavo. It is too faint to be visible with the naked eye at an apparent visual magnitude of 8.01. The star is located at a distance of 232 light-years based on parallax measurements, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 5 km/s. It shows a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.190 arcsec yr−1.

This yellow-hued star has a stellar classification of G5IV/V, which, together with the star's absolute magnitude of 3.88, is consistent with a star that is in the early stages of evolving off the main sequence. It has a high metallicity and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 2.6 km/s. The star has 1.2 times the mass of the Sun and 1.75 times the Sun's girth. It is radiating 2.9 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,635 K.
Te Matuku Bay
Te Matuku Bay is a bay on Waiheke Island in New Zealand's Hauraki Gulf. It is one of the largest and least disturbed estuaries on the island. Since 2003, the area has been protected as part of Te Matuku Marine Reserve.

The bay and marine reserve are named after the now-rare matuku or Australasian bittern.

Te Matuku has public toilets but no shops. The area has opportunities for swimming, diving, boating, kayaking, snorkelling and walking where weather conditions permit.

Hauraki Gulf
The Hauraki Gulf (Māori: Tīkapa Moana) is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand. It has an area of 4000 km2, and lies between, in anticlockwise order, the Auckland Region, the Hauraki Plains, the Coromandel Peninsula, and Great Barrier Island. Most of the gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park.

Hauraki is Māori for north wind. In 2014, the gulf was officially named Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the mournful sea" for Tīkapa Moana.  In traditional legend, the Hauraki Gulf is protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale.
Vegglifjell
Vegglifjell is a mountain range located along the border of Buskerud and Telemark counties in southern Norway. It runs through the municipalities of Tinn, Rollag, and Nore og Uvdal. The highest point is the 1,380-metre (4,530 ft) tall Skirveggen mountain. The mountain range is surrounded by the Numedalen valley to the east side, the Uvdalen valley to the north, and the Tessungdalen valley on the west side.

Nore og Uvdal
Nore og Uvdal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Numedal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rødberg.

The area of Nore was separated from the municipality of Rollag in 1858. The municipality of Nore was divided into two municipalities on 1 January 1901: Nore and Uvdal.  These two municipalities were merged back together on 1 January 1962, and the new municipality was called Nore og Uvdal.
Caw (hill)
Caw is a hill in Cumbria, England, near the village of Seathwaite above the Duddon Valley, reaching 1,735 feet (529 m) and having a trig point at the summit (OS grid SD231945). It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. His anticlockwise route from Seathwaite returns over Pikes at 1,520 feet (460 m) and Green Pikes at 1,350 feet (410 m).

Caw is a Fellranger, being included in Mark Richards'  The Old Man of Coniston, Swirl How, Wetherlam and the South as one of the 18 (now 21) of his 227 (230 with the extension of the national park) summits which are not in Alfred Wainwright's list of 214. Richards describes it as "A great stand-alone fell with plenty to offer the explorer". It is also classified as a Birkett, Clem,  Dewey, Dodd, HuMP and Synge.

The Outlying Fells of Lakeland
The Outlying Fells of Lakeland is a 1974 book written by Alfred Wainwright dealing with hills in and around the Lake District of England. It differs from Wainwright's Pictorial Guides in that each of its 56 chapters describes a walk, sometimes taking in several summits, rather than a single fell. This has caused some confusion on the part of authors attempting to prepare a definitive list of peaks. The Outlying Fells do not form part of the 214 hills generally accepted as making up the Wainwrights, but they are included in Category 2B of the Hill Walkers' Register maintained by the Long Distance Walkers Association.
1979–80 WBL season
The 1979–80 WBL season was the 2nd season of the Women's Professional Basketball League. The season ended with the New York Stars winning the WBL Championship, beating the Iowa Cornets 3 games to 1 in the WBL Finals.

The league was divided into three divisions, with the New Jersey Gems, New York Stars St. Louis Streak, Washington Metros and the Philadelphia Fox in the Eastern Division, the Iowa Cornets, Minnesota Fillies, Chicago Hustle and the Milwaukee Does in the Midwest and the Houston Angels, San Francisco Pioneers, California Dreams and the Dallas Diamonds in the West. Struggling financially, Philadelphia and Washington both disbanded after 10 games.

Iowa Cornets
The Iowa Cornets was a team that played for two seasons in the Women's Professional Basketball League. George Nissen purchased the first franchise in the fledgling league on March 21, 1978 for $50,000.  Nissen, who had been a star gymnast at the University of Iowa in the 1930s, pioneered the manufacture and sale of the modern trampoline at his Griswold-Nissen Trampoline & Tumbling Co. in Cedar Rapids. The team made it to the league's championship series both seasons, falling to the Houston Angels in 1978-79 and to the New York Stars in 1979–80. The team played their games at the Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines, Iowa and at the Five Seasons Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
1992 English cricket season
The 1992 English cricket season was the 93rd in which the County Championship had been an official competition. Essex won a second successive Britannic Assurance title. Durham entered the Championship for the first time. This was the first time that a new county had been admitted to the championship for 71 years since Glamorgan in 1921. 
Pakistan defeated England 2–1 in the Test series.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
National Highway 717B (India)
National Highway 717B, commonly referred to as NH 717B is a national highway in  India. It is a secondary  spur road of National Highway 17. NH-717B traverses the state of Sikkim in India. The highway is being constructed and maintained by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL).

National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited
The National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) is a Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, set up in 2014 and is responsible for management of a network of over 16,000 km of National Highways out of 1,15,000 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). Dr. Krishan Kumar (IAS) is the present Managing Director (MD) of NHIDCL since 14 February 2024.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 400 metres T38
The T38 category is for ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy. T38 athletes have the mildest form of impairment caused by cerebral palsy, often in only one limb, and not affecting the ability to run, walk or jump freely, although impairing performance. T38 athletes may suffer minor co-ordination difficulties.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 400 metres T38 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 14 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Fremont Peak (California)
Fremont Peak or Frémont Peak, historically known as Gabilán Peak, is a summit in the Gabilan Range, one of the mountain ranges paralleling California's central coast. The peak affords clear views of the Salinas Valley, Monterey Bay, the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley, and surrounding mountain ranges. It is located on Rocky Ridge, 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Salinas, California.

The peak is the site of Fremont Peak State Park which was established with 188 acres (76 ha) in 1936. Today the park has camping and picnic facilities,
and is favored by astronomers for its clear views unsullied by artificial light. The Fremont Peak Observatory Association maintains a 30-inch (760 mm) diameter f/4.8 Newtonian "Challenger" telescope which was built by  telescope maker Kevin Medlock in the early 1980s.
The peak is also the site of the transmitters for television stations such as KSBW
and KCBA
and for radio stations such as KDON-FM.

Gabilan Range
The Gabilan Range or Gabilán Range (Spanish for "sparrow hawk") is a mountain range in the inner California Coast Ranges System, located in Monterey County and San Benito County of central California.  Pinnacles National Park is located in the southern section of the range.