hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinus × schwerinii
Pinus × schwerinii, commonly known as the Schwerin pine or Schwerin's pine, is a hybrid pine species between Pinus wallichiana and Pinus strobus. It was first described by German botanist Jost Fitschen in 1930 in Ludwig Beissner's third edition of Handbuch der Nadelholzkunde. P. × schwerinii is named for Fritz Kurt Alexander von Schwerin, who owned the estate near Berlin where the hybrid was first observed growing in proximity to its parent species.

Pinus wallichiana
Pinus wallichiana is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains, from eastern Afghanistan east across northern Pakistan and north west India to Yunnan in southwest China. It grows in mountain valleys at altitudes of 1800–4300 m (rarely as low as 1200 m), reaching 30–50 m (98–164 ft) in height. It favours a temperate climate with dry winters and wet summers. In Pashto, it is known as Nishtar.

This tree is often known as Bhutan pine, (not to be confused with the recently described Bhutan white pine, Pinus bhutanica, a closely related species). Other names include blue pine, Himalayan pine and Himalayan white pine.
Federated identity
A federated identity in information technology is the means of linking a person's electronic identity and attributes, stored across multiple distinct identity management systems.

Federated identity is related to single sign-on (SSO), in which a user's single authentication ticket, or token, is trusted across multiple IT systems or even organizations. SSO is a subset of federated identity management, as it relates only to authentication and is understood on the level of technical interoperability, and it would not be possible without some sort of federation.

Security token
A security token is a peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource. The token is used in addition to, or in place of, a password. Examples of security tokens include wireless key cards used to open locked doors, a banking token used as a digital authenticator for signing in to online banking, or signing transactions such as wire transfers.

Security tokens can be used to store information such as passwords, cryptographic keys used to generate digital signatures, or biometric data (such as fingerprints). Some designs incorporate tamper resistant packaging, while others may include small keypads to allow entry of a PIN or a simple button to start a generation routine with some display capability to show a generated key number. Connected tokens utilize a variety of interfaces including USB, near-field communication (NFC), radio-frequency identification (RFID), or Bluetooth. Some tokens have audio capabilities designed for those who are vision-impaired.
Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (New York)
The Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (New York) was a short-lived co-educational collegiate institute operated initially by the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America at Saratoga Springs, New York from September 1900 to May 1902, and from then by Lyman C. Pettit until its closure in February 1903. It is considered an antecedent institution of the Pentecostal Collegiate Institute (Rhode Island) and also Eastern Nazarene College.

Eastern Nazarene College
The Eastern Nazarene College (ENC) was a private, Christian college in Quincy, Massachusetts. Established as a holiness college in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1900, the college moved to Rhode Island for several years. With its expansion to a four-year curriculum, it relocated to Wollaston Park in Quincy in 1919. It expanded to additional sites in Quincy and, in the late 20th century, to satellite sites across the state. Its academic programs were primarily undergraduate, with some professional graduate education offered.

In June 2024, ENC announced that it would close in May 2025.

Instead, the college were teach out plans to Gordon College, Mount Vernon Nazarene University (the institution of record), and Trevecca Nazarene University.

The campus was put on the market. As of December 2025, the college's campus has not been sold.
Lemmings (series)
Video games portal

Lemmings is a series of video games originally created by DMA Design and Psygnosis. DMA Design developed the first installment of the series, Lemmings, which was published by Psygnosis for the Amiga on 14 February 1991, to wide commercial success and critical acclaim. Several sequels to the game were created by various developers in collaboration with Psygnosis, and later Sony Interactive Entertainment after the former was folded into the latter.

The Lemmings series primarily consists of puzzle video games centered around characters named "Lemmings"; the Lemmings continuously walk straight forward, and are meant to be led to an exit by the player by being given abilities. Beyond this, each installment features variations to the gameplay style and mechanics. The series has few spin-off titles; some of these encompass other game genres.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Future Integrated Soldier Technology
The Future Integrated Soldier Technology (or FIST), sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Future Infantry System Technology or Future Infantry Soldier Technology, was a project by the British Army which aims to enhance the infantry's combat effectiveness in the 21st century as part of the Future Soldier project. The contract was awarded to Thales in March 2003.

The goal is to integrate a modular system of all equipment, weapons and their sighting systems, radios that the individual soldier carries or uses, in order to increase their overall effectiveness on the battlefield.

The programme is managed by the Dismounted Close Combat Integrated Project Team at Defence Equipment and Support, MoD Abbey Wood in Bristol.

MOD Abbey Wood
MOD Abbey Wood is a Ministry of Defence establishment at Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom. The purpose-built site houses the MOD's Defence Equipment and Support and Submarine Delivery Agency procurement organisations. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in July 1996, after which various government departments relocated to the site.
Stranger from Santa Fe
Stranger from Santa Fe is a 1945 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer and written by Adele Buffington. This is the sixteenth film in the "Marshal Nevada Jack McKenzie" series, and stars Johnny Mack Brown as Jack McKenzie and Raymond Hatton as his sidekick Sandy Hopkins, with Beatrice Gray, Joan Curtis, Jimmy Martin and Jack Ingram. The film was released on May 15, 1945, by Monogram Pictures.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Stockholm Program of Place Branding
Center for Metropolitan Branding or Stockholm Program of Place Branding is an international research program at Stockholm University School of Business. The program includes researchers from fields like marketing, branding, place branding, geography, and management. It sponsors research activities for scholars in the field of place branding, including its Advanced Seminar Series. The program is funded by the Swedish Research Council with an annual endowment of SEK 1.3 million.

The program has produced city reports on Jerusalem, Stockholm, Sydney, Hamburg, and San Francisco. These reports serve as data sources as well as case studies for academics in the fields of marketing, branding, place branding, and beyond. In addition to these publications, the program archives articles on branding for the public.

Stockholm Business School
Stockholm Business School (SBS; Swedish: Företagsekonomiska institutionen) is one of the largest academic departments at Stockholm University with around 3 500 students and 120 researchers/lecturers. SBS offers BSc, MSc programmes along with PhD. Through close ties with other academic departments and regular collaborations with key business actors, the School has become a melting pot for interdisciplinary research and education generating new perspectives on current topics within business and beyond.
Browne's Addition, Spokane
Browne's Addition, often referred to shorthand as just Browne's, is a neighborhood in Spokane, Washington. It is located directly west of Downtown Spokane and is one of the oldest and densest neighborhoods in the city. The area is known for its numerous historic mansions, many of which have been converted into multi-family apartments. The terrain is flat in the neighborhood despite the degree of topographical relief in the immediate surrounding area. Latah Creek cuts a deep valley to the west, separating Browne's Addition from the Sunset Hill portion of the West Hills neighborhood and the Spokane River gorge drops off dramatically to the north into the Peaceful Valley neighborhood. The South Hill area of Spokane rises to the southwest.

Browne's Addition is known as one of Spokane's centers of culture, with its collection of historic structures, vibrant culinary and nightlife scene, numerous community festivals, and for being the location of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.

Spokane River
The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 111 miles (179 km) long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. It drains a low mountainous area east of the Columbia, passing through the Spokane Valley and the city of Spokane, Washington.
NGC 4615
NGC 4615 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5,022±20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 241.6 ± 16.9 Mly (74.07 ± 5.19 Mpc). However, one non-redshift measurement gives a much closer distance of 213 Mly (65.4 Mpc). It was discovered by German astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on 9 May 1864.

NGC 4615 is listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 34, as an example of a galaxy that looks like a stretched-out S shape.

NGC 4615 and NGC 4614 are listed together as Holm 439 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. This grouping was also listed by A. P. Mahtessian in a paper published in 1998.

Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966. A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas, which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology. The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among galaxies.
Guatemalan Olympic Committee
The Guatemalan Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Guatemalteco, abbreviated as COG) (IOC Code: GUA) is a non-profit organization serving as the National Olympic Committee of Guatemala and a part of the International Olympic Committee and PASO. It was formed in 1947 and recognized by the IOC that same year.

Panam Sports
Panam Sports, officially the Pan American Sports Organization (Spanish: Organización Deportiva Panamericana), is an international organization which represents the current 41 National Olympic Committees of the American continents.

It is affiliated with the International Olympic Committee and its affiliated bodies, including ANOC, the Association of National Olympic Committees, and serves as the continental association of the American Continents.

The organization's flagship event is the quadrennial Pan American Games, held since 1951. The Parapan American Games were inaugurated in 1999 for disabled athletes and are held alongside the able-bodied Pan American Games. The Pan American Winter Games, for winter sports, were held only once in 1990. The Pan American Sports Festival was inaugurated in 2014 as a developmental event for the region's athletes.
Matrix analysis
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra and applications, matrix analysis is the study of matrices and their algebraic properties. Some particular topics out of many include; operations defined on matrices (such as matrix addition, matrix multiplication and operations derived from these), functions of matrices (such as matrix exponentiation and matrix logarithm, and even sines and cosines etc. of matrices), and the eigenvalues of matrices (eigendecomposition of a matrix, eigenvalue perturbation theory).

Eigenvalue perturbation
In mathematics, an eigenvalue perturbation problem is that of finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a system  that is perturbed from one with known eigenvectors and eigenvalues . This is useful for studying how sensitive the original system's eigenvectors and eigenvalues   are to changes in the system. 
This type of analysis was popularized by Lord Rayleigh, in his investigation of harmonic vibrations of a string perturbed by small inhomogeneities.

The derivations in this article are essentially self-contained and can be found in many texts on numerical linear algebra or numerical functional analysis.
This article is focused on the case of the perturbation of a simple eigenvalue, as opposed to a 
multiplicity of eigenvalues.
West Ottawa High School
West Ottawa High School is located in Park Township, Michigan, with a mailing address in Holland. It is one of the four high schools in the Holland area (along with Holland High School, Holland Christian High School and Black River Public School.)

Holland Christian High School
Holland Christian High School is a private, Calvinist high school in the city of Holland, Michigan. Holland Christian's colors are maroon and white, and their nickname is "The Maroons". Holland Christian High School is the only grade 9–12 building in the Holland Christian Schools system.
Lindley Hall Farm
Lindley Hall Farm is a farm in Leicestershire, England, in close proximity to Fenny Drayton and Higham on the Hill. The farm is owned by Stephen Farmer. It has been best known as the geographical centre of England since the Ordnance Survey's investigation in 2002. A plaque has been erected by the Ordnance Survey denoting the geographical central point and disputing the historically believed idea that Meriden was the geographical centre.

Fenny Drayton
Fenny Drayton (once Drayton-in-the-Clay) is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Witherley, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England. It lies near the Warwickshire boundary, three miles south-east of Atherstone in the Coventry postcode area, just off the A444, the Roman Watling Street. Another Roman road crosses at the end of the scenic Fenn Lanes. The village is four miles from Stoke Golding, where Henry VII of England was crowned after the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The reinterment of Richard III of England on 21 March 2015 started along Fenn Lanes, near the village. In 1931 the parish had a population of 125. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Witherley, parts also went to Hartshill, Mancetter and Caldecote. The name means "farm/settlement for portage" or "farm/settlement used as a dragging place". "Fenny" reflects the fen-like ground along the Roman road.
CS Viitorul Dăești
Clubul Sportiv Viitorul Dăești, commonly known as Viitorul Dăești, is a Romanian football club originally from Dăești, Vâlcea County, and currently playing in Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system, after was promoted at the end of the 2018–19 season.

2016–17 Liga IV
The 2016–17 Liga IV was the 75th season of Liga IV and the 49th since the 1968 administrative and territorial reorganization of the country, representing the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association played against one from a neighbouring county in a play-off for promotion to Liga III.
Assiniboia Downs
Assiniboia Downs is a Canadian horse race track on 150 ha (360 acres) of land located in the Winnipeg suburb of St. James-Assiniboia. It is operated by the Manitoba Jockey Club and is the site of the annual Manitoba Derby.

The track is located on the western edge of the city, near the intersection of the Perimeter Highway and Portage Avenue. It was opened on June 10, 1958, replacing the former Polo Park Racetrack, which was demolished to make way for Polo Park Shopping Centre.

Thoroughbred racing season events run from May and end in September. Harness racing events operate during the winter months.

Polo Park
Polo Park (corporately styled as CF Polo Park) is a shopping centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is situated on the former Polo Park Racetrack near the junction of Portage Avenue and St. James Street. Its grounds also includes a Scotiabank Theatre (formerly SilverCity), a TD Canada Trust, a Party City, and an Earls. The mall is currently anchored by Forever 21, Shoppers Drug Mart, Urban Planet, Sport Chek, ZARA, and EQ3. Hudson's Bay, Sears, Zellers and Safeway formerly anchored the mall.

It is the largest mall of the 8 malls in the city, and is the 15th largest shopping centre in Canada, ranking between Guildford Town Centre and Laurier Québec.

For census purposes, Polo Park is also the name given to the neighbourhood including and surrounding the shopping centre.
Gomti Nagar railway station
Gomti Nagar Railway Terminus (station code GTNR) is a railway station in Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The station is part of the North Eastern Railway zone's Lucknow NER Division and the Varanasi–Lucknow line via Ayodhya.

It is also part of the Barabanki-Lucknow Suburban Railway and Lucknow–Gorakhpur line.

This station is an Adarsh category (NSG 3) in North Eastern Railway. This station is situated in eastern Lucknow.

Nearby stations include Badshahnagar (BNZ),  Lucknow City (LC) and Lucknow Charbagh (LKO).

Lucknow Charbagh railway station
Lucknow Charbagh (officially Lucknow NR, station code: LKO) is a railway station in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the largest and busiest railway station of Lucknow city.

The station is part of the Northern Railway zone's Lucknow NR Division and the Varanasi–Lucknow line.

It is also part of the Lucknow-Rae Bareli-Varanasi line, Lucknow-Sultanpur-Jaunpur City-Varanasi line, Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway and Lucknow-Moradabad line.

This station is a (NSG 2) category in Northern Railway. This station is situated in southern central part of Lucknow and adjacent to Lucknow Junction.

Nearby stations include Lucknow Junction (LJN) and Aishbagh (ASH).
Cesana Brianza
Cesana Brianza is a municipality of 2,393 inhabitants in the Province of Lecco in Lombardy, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of Lecco.

The territory of Cesana Brianza is located near Lake Pusiano, located on the southern slope of Mount Cornizzolo, belonging to the so-called "Larian Triangle". It is part of the Mountain Community Lario Orientale – Valle San Martino.

Cesana Brianza borders the following municipalities: Annone di Brianza, Bosisio Parini, Canzo, Civate, Eupilio, Pusiano, Suello.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Westland Weasel
The Westland Weasel was a prototype British two-seat fighter/reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War. Designed to replace the Bristol Fighter, the Weasel was a single engined tractor biplane. Four prototypes were built, but no production followed owing to the failure of its original engine, although the prototypes were used as engine test beds for the successful Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar and Bristol Jupiter engines.

ABC Dragonfly
The ABC Dragonfly was a British radial engine developed towards the end of the First World War. It was expected to deliver excellent performance for the time and was ordered in very large numbers. It proved, however, to be extremely unreliable and was abandoned when its faults were unable to be corrected.
Treaty Oak (Jacksonville)
The Treaty Oak is an octopus-like Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) in Jacksonville, Florida. The tree is estimated to be 250 years old and may be the single oldest living thing in Jacksonville,  predating the founding of the city by Isaiah Hart during the 1820s. It is located in Treaty Oak Park in the Southbank area of Downtown Jacksonville.

Isaiah Hart
Isaiah David Hart (November 6, 1792 – September 4, 1861) was an American plantation owner, and the founder of Jacksonville, Florida. Originally from Georgia, Hart took up arms against Spain in the Patriot Rebellion of 1812. After moving to a location near the cow ford on the narrows of the St. Johns River, he began platting the town in 1822, and later served as postmaster, court clerk, commissioner of pilotage, judge of elections, major in the local militia during the Seminole War, and as a Whig member of the Florida Territorial Senate. The Isaiah D. Hart Bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville is named after him.
Thumb signal
A thumb signal, usually described as a thumbs-up or thumbs-down, is a common hand gesture achieved by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward or downward, respectively. The thumbs-up gesture is associated with positivity, approval, achievement, satisfaction and solidarity, while the thumbs-down gesture is associated with concern, disapproval, dissatisfaction, rejection and failure.

Finger-counting
Finger-counting, also known as dactylonomy, is the act of counting using one's fingers. There are multiple different systems used across time and between cultures, though many of these have seen a decline in use because of the spread of Arabic numerals.

Finger-counting can serve as a form of manual communication, particularly in marketplace trading – including hand signaling during open outcry in floor trading – and also in hand games, such as morra.

Finger-counting is known to go back to ancient Egypt at least, and probably even further back.