hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Global Burden of Disease Study
The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is a comprehensive regional and global research program of disease burden that assesses mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors. GBD is a collaboration of over 12,000 researchers from more than 160 countries. Under principal investigator Christopher J.L. Murray, GBD is based in the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington and funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) is a public health research institute of the University of Washington in Seattle. Its research fields are global health statistics and impact evaluation.

IHME is headed by Christopher J.L. Murray, a physician, health economist, and global health researcher, and professor at the University of Washington Department of Global Health, which is part of the School of Medicine. IHME conducts research and trains scientists, policymakers, and the public in health metrics concepts, methods, and tools. Its mission includes judging the effectiveness and efficacy of health initiatives and national health systems. IHME also trains students at the post-baccalaureate and post-graduate levels.
Dulnain Bridge
Dulnain Bridge (Scottish Gaelic: Drochaid Thulnain) is a village in Strathspey, next to the meeting of the River Dulnain and the River Spey, three miles south-west of Grantown-on-Spey, in the Scottish Highlands and the Highland council area.

Grantown-on-Spey
Grantown-on-Spey (Scottish Gaelic: Baile nan Granndach) is a town in the Highland Council Area, historically within the county of Moray. It is located on a low plateau at Freuchie beside the river Spey at the northern edge of the Cairngorm mountains, about 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Inverness (35 miles or 56 km by road).

The town was founded in 1765 as a planned settlement, and was originally called simply Grantown after Sir James Grant. The addition 'on Spey' was added by the burgh council in 1898. The town has several listed 18th and 19th century buildings, including several large hotels, and serves as a regional centre for tourism and services in the Strathspey region.

The town is twinned with Notre-Dame-de-Monts in the Vendée, Pays de la Loire, France.
Henry Street, Fremantle
Henry Street is a 400-metre-long (1,300 ft) street in Fremantle, Western Australia. It was named after John Henry, second lieutenant of HMS Challenger. It was developed very early in the history of the Swan River Colony with licensed premises being located as early as 1833.

Henry Street has seen significant funeral processions pass along it on their way to the Fremantle Cemetery.

It has some significant historical buildings, including Falk & Company Warehouse, Fowler's Warehouse, Fremantle Customs House, the Marich Buildings, the Moore's Building, the Bateman Hardware building and the Orient Hotel. 33 Henry Street was a regular meeting place for a range of Fremantle associations.

Falk & Company Warehouse
Customs House and former Falk & Company Warehouse is an historic three-storey brick building located in Fremantle, Western Australia. The building has a number of prominent ornate façades on Phillimore Street between Henry and Pakenham Streets. It houses the Fremantle regional office of the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Centrelink, and a number of other Australian Government offices.
Strunzite
Strunzite (Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O) is a light yellow mineral of the strunzite group, first discovered in 1957.

It crystallizes in the triclinic system and has a light, vitreous luster, a specific gravity of 2.52 and a Mohs hardness of 4. Associated minerals include beraunite, quartz and strengite.

It is named after Hugo Strunz, a Professor of Mineralogy at Technische Universität Berlin.

Strengite
Strengite is a relatively rare iron phosphate mineral with the formula: FePO4·2H2O. The mineral is named after the German mineralogist Johann August Streng (1830–1897). Lavender, pink or purple in hue, it is similar to variscite and is partially soluble, particularly in conditions where there is a low pH and low oxidation-reduction potential.  The color comes from ferric ion (Fe3+).
2018 Michigan House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect all 110 members to Michigan's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor and Senate. The primary election was held on August 7, 2018.

Republicans retained control of the House, despite losing the popular vote, after a net loss of five seats, winning 58 seats compared to 52 seats for the Democrats.

2018 United States Senate election in Michigan
The 2018 United States Senate election in Michigan took place on November 6, 2018, in order to elect the Class 1 U.S. Senator from the State of Michigan, concurrently with a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives. This was one of ten Democratic-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2016 presidential election.

Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow won reelection to a fourth term.  On August 7, 2018, John James won the Republican nomination, defeating businessman Sandy Pensler. On May 5, 2018, Marcia Squier received the endorsement and nomination of the Green Party of Michigan at the state convention in Flint.

Stabenow was re-elected by a 6.5% margin and a difference of 275,660 votes, making this the second-closest U.S. Senate election in Michigan since Stabenow was first elected in 2000.
Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists
The Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists (AOJS) is an organization of scientists committed to the views and beliefs of Orthodox Judaism and promote the integration of scientific and Orthodox Jewish worldviews. The purpose of the organization was to provide a social milieu that supported the Orthodox theological stance of “Torah im Derekh Eretz" in Jewish communal life. The AOJS organized annual conventions and publications to support this aim, allowing for extensive interaction between religious and scientific worldviews.

Torah im Derech Eretz
Torah im Derech Eretz (Hebrew: תורה עם דרך ארץ – Torah with "the way of the land") is a phrase common in Rabbinic literature referring to various aspects of one's interaction with the wider world.  The term also refers to a philosophy of Orthodox Judaism articulated by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808–1888), which formalizes a relationship between traditionally observant Judaism and the modern world. The resultant mode of Orthodox Judaism is sometimes termed Neo-Orthodoxy or, in some historiographies, Frankfurter Orthodoxy.
Soyuz T-3
Soyuz T-3 was a Soviet spaceflight, launched on 27 November 1980 to the Salyut 6 space station.  It was the first Soyuz spacecraft to carry three cosmonauts following the fatal Soyuz 11 disaster in 1971.

The mission was both an early flight of the new Soyuz-T variant craft, as well as one of the later flights to the Salyut 6 station, which had successfully received several crews and visiting craft in recent years.  Unlike previous habitations of the station, the crew of Soyuz T-3 did not receive any visitors, and thus did not exchange Soyuz craft with other crews for a return journey, a common practice.

Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 (Russian: Союз 11, lit. 'Union 11') was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971, and departed on 29 June 1971. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-person crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space.
Ralph Mullins
Ralph K. Mullins aka Diz Mullins (born 10 May 1929 in Tulsa) is an American jazz trumpet player, arranger, composer, and collegiate educator.  He grew up in Oklahoma but spent most of his professional career in the Los Angeles area.  After seventy-two years of playing trumpet in Southern California, Mullins is still playing and leads his own band.

Maynard Ferguson
Walter Maynard Ferguson CM (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz trumpeter and bandleader. He came to prominence in Stan Kenton's orchestra before forming his own big band in 1957. He was noted for his bands, which often served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent, his versatility on several instruments, and his ability to play in a high register.
Film temperature
In fluid thermodynamics, the film temperature (Tf ) is an approximation of the temperature of a fluid inside a convection boundary layer. It is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the temperature at the surface of the solid boundary wall (Tw) and the free-stream temperature (T∞):

The film temperature is often used as the temperature at which fluid properties are calculated when using the Prandtl number, Nusselt number, Reynolds number or Grashof number to calculate a heat transfer coefficient, because it is a reasonable first approximation to the temperature within the convection boundary layer.

Somewhat confusing terminology may be encountered in relation to boilers and heat exchangers, where the same term is used to refer to the limit (hot) temperature of a fluid in contact with a hot surface.

Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.
2015–16 Ekstraklasa
The 2015–16 Ekstraklasa was the 82nd season of the highest level of football leagues in Poland since its establishment in 1927. A total of 16 teams were participating, 14 of which competed in the league during the 2014–15 season, while the remaining two were promoted from the I Liga. Each team played a total of 37 matches, half at home and half away.

Lech Poznań were the defending champions, having won their 7th title last season.

Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza
Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza Klub Sportowy Spółka Akcyjna, commonly referred to as Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbruɡbɛt tɛrmaˈlika ɲɛˈt͡ɕɛt͡ʂa]), is a Polish professional football club based in Nieciecza. They compete in the Ekstraklasa, the top level of the Polish football league system.
Urban planning in ancient Egypt
The use of urban planning in ancient Egypt is a matter of continuous debate. Because ancient sites usually survive only in fragments, and many ancient Egyptian cities have been continuously inhabited since their original forms, relatively little is actually understood about the general designs of Egyptian towns for any given period.

The Egyptians referred to most cities as either nwt or dmj. Nwt usually refers to unplanned cities that grew naturally, such as Memphis and Thebes, while dmj can be translated as "settlement" and usually refers to towns that were laid out along a plan. The archaeological evidence of such cities is best preserved, and has been most thoroughly delved, at El Lahun, Deir el-Medina, and Amarna, though some averment of urban planning exists at other sites as well.

Amarna
Amarna (/əˈmɑːrnə/; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.

The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about 58 km (36 mi) south of the city of al-Minya, 312 km (194 mi) south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and 402 km (250 mi) north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.

Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era.
Simeon
Simeon (/ˈsɪmiən/) is a given name, from the Hebrew שמעון (Biblical Šimʿon, Tiberian Šimʿôn), usually transliterated in English as Shimon. In Greek, it is written Συμεών, hence the Latinized spelling Symeon. It is a cognate of the name Simon.

Simeon (son of Jacob)
Simeon (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן, Modern: Šīmʾōn, Tiberian: Šīmʾōn) was the second of the six sons of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite tribe of Simeon, according to the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. Biblical scholars regard the tribe as part of the original Israelite confederation. Simeon is absent in some sections of the Bible that list the other tribes, and some scholars think that it was not initially regarded as a distinct tribe. Some Biblical scholars believe that Simeon was not considered a distinct tribe due to the Zimri scandal. The Blessing of Moses before his death had omitted the Tribe of Simeon because Jacob had castigated him, Genesis 49:5-7, and because of the affair of Baal-peor.
Eichsfeld
The Eichsfeld (German: [ˈaɪçsfɛlt] or [ˈaɪksfɛlt] ⓘ; 'Oak-field') is a historical region in the southeast of the state of Lower Saxony (which is called Untereichsfeld, 'lower Eichsfeld') and northwest of the state of Thuringia (Obereichsfeld, 'upper Eichsfeld') in the south of the Harz mountains in Germany. Until 1803 the Eichsfeld was for centuries part of the Archbishopric of Mainz, which is the cause of its current position as a Catholic enclave in the predominantly Protestant north of Germany. Following German partition in 1945, the West German portion became Landkreis Duderstadt. A few small transfers of territory between the American and Soviet zones of occupation took place in accordance with the Wanfried Agreement.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Martha Copeland
Martha Copeland (c. 1891–1894; date of death unknown) was an American classic female blues singer. She recorded 34 songs between 1923 and 1928. She was promoted by Columbia Records as "Everybody's Mammy", but her records did not sell in the quantities achieved by the Columbia recording artists Bessie Smith and Clara Smith. Apart from her recording career, little is known of her life.

Classic female blues
Classic female blues was an early form of blues music, dominated by women that was popular in the 1920s in the United States. An amalgam of traditional folk blues and urban theater music, the style is also known as vaudeville blues. Classic blues were performed by female singers accompanied by pianists or small jazz ensembles and were the first blues to be recorded. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and the other singers in this genre were instrumental in spreading the popularity of the blues. Women in blues were instrumental in influencing later genres of music such as jazz, rhythm & blues and rock and roll.
Innovation Center station
Innovation Center station is a Washington Metro station in Fairfax County, Virginia on the Silver Line. It is located adjacent to the Virginia Center for Innovative Technology at the intersection of the SR 267 and SR 28 in McNair, near the Fairfax / Loudoun county line. Originally planned to begin operation in 2016, the station opened on November 15, 2022.

Facilities for the station include two pedestrian bridges across SR 267, leading to bus bays and kiss and ride lots at both entrances, as well as parking for 2,000 cars at the south entrance.

Virginia State Route 267
State Route 267 (VA 267) is an expressway in the US state of Virginia. It consists of two end-to-end toll roads – the Dulles Toll Road and Dulles Greenway – as well as the non-tolled Dulles Access Road, which lies in the median of Dulles Toll Road and then extends east to Falls Church. The combined roadway provides a toll road for commuting and a free road for access to Washington Dulles International Airport. The three sections are operated and maintained by separate agencies: Dulles Toll Road and Dulles Access Road are maintained by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA); the Dulles Greenway is owned by TRIP II, a limited partnership, but is maintained by Atlas Arteria, an Australian company which owns the majority stake in the partnership. The Dulles Access Road's median hosts the Washington Metro's Silver Line between the airport and Tysons.
1994 European Cup (athletics)
The 1994 European Cup was the 15th edition of the European Cup of athletics. From this edition on, the event was held annually until 2011.

The Super League Finals were held in Birmingham, Great Britain between 25–26 June 1994. The first two teams qualified for the 1994 IAAF World Cup.

European Cup (athletics)
The European Cup is a former athletics competition for European teams that was replaced by the European Team Championships starting in 2009 and was organized by the European Athletics Association. The European Cup saw most of the major nations of Europe compete. Originally known as the Bruno Zauli Cup, it first took place in 1965 in Stuttgart (men) and Kassel (women), West Germany. Initially, the competition was a bi-annual event (tri-annual once); however, from 1993, it took place once every year.
2025 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 2025 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was a Belgian road cycling one-day race that took place on 27 April. It was the 111th edition of Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the 19th event of the 2025 UCI World Tour. It was the finale of the Ardennes classics, following the Amstel Gold Race and La Flèche Wallonne. The route was 252 kilometres (157 mi) long, slightly shorter than previous editions, and featured eleven classified climbs, starting and ending in Liège.

The race was won by defending champion Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) after a solo attack, winning by over a minute ahead of Giulio Ciccone (Lidl–Trek) and Ben Healy (EF Education–EasyPost). Pogačar became the first rider to finish on the podium in six successive monuments.

2025 UCI World Tour
The 2025 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-six events throughout the 2025 cycling season. The tour started with the Tour Down Under on 21 January, and concluded with the Tour of Guangxi on 19 October.

At the end of the season, Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) led the overall road world rankings ahead of Danish rider Jonas Vingegaard (Visma–Lease a Bike) and Mexican rider Isaac del Toro (UAE Team Emirates XRG). Pogačar won eight World Tour events during the season, including the Tour de France and three of the five cycling monuments.
Natural (T-Square album)
Natural is the fifteenth studio album by Japanese Jazz fusion band T-Square. It was released on April 21, 1990. It was the last to feature Takeshi Itoh on saxophone and EWI, during his initial run with the band (from the formation to 1990). He returned to T-Square in mid-2000 and has been performing with the group ever since. Russ Freeman, who formed and lead the band Rippingtons, produced this album and has composed four tracks. Another Rippingtons member and percussionist Steve Reid worked on this album for three tracks.

The Rippingtons
The Rippingtons were an American contemporary jazz group, mainly relating to the genres smooth jazz, jazz fusion, jazz pop, and crossover jazz. Formed in 1985 by guitarist and band leader Russ Freeman, their career has spanned more than three decades. With a revolving door of musicians, Freeman has been the only consistent member.

Many of their songs have been featured in the "Local on the 8s" forecast segments on The Weather Channel. The band's mascot is a grinning, sunglasses-wearing jazz cat, which appears in the artwork of all the band's releases and on their official website.
Service ex juris
Service ex juris is legal notice of an upcoming proceeding given to a defendant who resides outside of the jurisdiction of the court. Rules of service ex juris are typically found in the rules of civil procedure and are limited by subject matter, the strength of the connection between the subject and the jurisdiction, and the doctrine of forum non conveniens.

Service of process
Each legal jurisdiction has rules and discrete terminology regarding the appropriate procedures for serving legal documents on a person being sued or subject to legal proceedings. In the U.S. legal system, service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party (such as a defendant), court, or administrative body in an effort to exercise jurisdiction over that person so as to force that person to respond to the proceeding in a court, body, or other tribunal. Notice is furnished by delivering a set of court documents (called "process") to the person to be served.
Simonetta da Collevecchio
Simonetta da Collevecchio (born in Collevecchio – fl. 1510–1534) was a domestic servant of Alfonsina Orsini, wife of Piero the Unfortunate. She was the mother of Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence, by either Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII, and has been the subject of several unfounded speculations regarding the parenthood and possible racial origin of her son.

Alfonsina Orsini
Alfonsina Orsini (1472 – 7 February 1520) was a regent of Florence. She governed the Republic of Florence during the absences of her son, Lorenzo II de' Medici, in the period of 1515–1519.  Her rule was feared as a sign of the end of republican government there. She was born from a noble family and raised in the royal court of Naples. She was the spouse of Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici from 1488 and the mother of Lorenzo II de' Medici and two daughters. She helped restore the Medicis to power after they had been exiled, worked to secure a French royal marriage for her son, and was also influential at the court of Pope Leo X, her brother-in-law.

Throughout her life, she used her wealth, position, and connections to help the poor and underrepresented.  She also used them to further her family's power and wealth.  She was a patron of the arts and architecture, both in Florence and in Rome.  This included renovation of religious buildings as well as construction of palaces for the family.