hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
304 Olga
304 Olga is a large Main belt asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material.

It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 14 February 1891 in Vienna.

304 Olga was identified as one of three asteroids that were likely to be a parent body for chondrites along with 449 Hamburga and 335 Roberta. All three asteroids were known to have low-albedo (not reflect as much light) and be close to "meteorite producing resonances". Chrondrites are the most common type of meteor found on Earth, accounting for over 80% of all meteors. They are named for the tiny spherical silicate particles that are found inside them (those particles are called chondrules).

Orbit diagram

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Al-Faddayni
Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Uthmani (Arabic: سعيد بن خالد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان, fl. 813 CE), commonly known as al-Faddayni (الفديني), was a member of the Umayyad family who led a failed revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in the Hauran and Balqa (Transjordan) in 813, during the Fourth Muslim Civil War, in a bid to claim the caliphate. His revolt followed two other abortive revolts by Umayyad claimants to the caliphate in Damascus, those of Abu al-Umaytir al-Sufyani and Maslama ibn Ya'qub. In effect, al-Faddayni's rebellion was the last major attempt to resurrect the Umayyad Caliphate in Syria.

Wilferd Madelung
Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung FBA (26 December 1930 – 9 May 2023) was a German author and scholar of Islamic history widely recognised for his contributions to the fields of Islamic and Iranian studies. He was appreciated in Iran for his "knowledgeable and fair" treatment of the Shia perspective. In the obituary of the Institute of Ismaili Studies (London) where Madelung worked his last years, it reads: "With particular reference to religious schools and movements in early Islam, his studies, based on a vast array of primary sources, have enriched the discipline’s understanding of almost every major Muslim movement and community – not only early Imami Shi‘ism and the later developments of Twelver, Ismaili and Zaydi Islam but also the lesser known aspects of Sunni, Khariji and the Mu‘tazili schools of theology and philosophy."
Mervyn O'Gorman
Mervyn Joseph Pius O'Gorman CB (19 December 1871 – 16 March 1958) was a British electrical and aircraft engineer. After working as an electrical engineer, he was appointed Superintendent of what became the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough in Hampshire in 1909. In 1916, following a scandal over the quality of the aircraft used by the Royal Flying Corps, he was removed from this post but continued to act in an advisory capacity. After the war he concentrated his energies on motoring issues, particularly road safety and traffic management, and played an important part in the publication of the Highway Code.  He died in 1958 in Chelsea, London.

Royal Automobile Club
The Royal Automobile Club is a British private social and athletic club. It has two clubhouses: one in London at 89 Pall Mall, and the other in the countryside at Woodcote Park, near Epsom in Surrey. Both provide accommodation and a range of dining and sporting facilities.

It is best-known for establishing the roadside assistance service RAC Limited, though this is no longer owned by the club.
Dušan Čater
Dušan Čater (born 1968) is a Slovene writer, editor and translator. He has published six novels, two of which have also been translated and published in Croatian.

Čater was born in Celje in 1968. He studied journalism and sociology at the University of Ljubljana and works as a freelance writer and translator. He has also written a number of books for children based on traditional stories and legends about figures like Kralj Matjaž, Peter Klepec and Veronika of Desenice.

Čater won the 2012 Fabula Award for Džehenem (Jahannam).

Fabula Award
Fabula is a literary award in Slovenia awarded each year for the best collection of short prose in Slovene published in the previous two years. It has been bestowed since 2006 by the national newspaper house Dnevnik at the Fabula World Literatures festival that takes place every spring in Ljubljana. The winner also receives a financial award.
2024 BWF World Tour Finals
The 2024 BWF World Tour Finals (officially was the HSBC BWF World Tour Finals 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was the final tournament of the 2024 BWF World Tour. It has been held from 11 to 15 December 2024 in Hangzhou, China and features a total prize pool of $2,500,000.

BWF World Tour Finals
The BWF World Tour Finals, officially HSBC BWF World Tour Finals, which succeeds BWF Super Series Finals, is an annual season finale badminton tournament which is held every December of a year where the players with the most points from that calendar year's events of the BWF World Tour compete for total prize money of at least US$ 2,500,000.
Limnophyes angelicae
Limnophyes angelicae is a species of dark brown chironomid midge. It has been recorded in the British Isles, Germany and European Russia and is assumed to be widespread in Europe.

Unlike many Limnophyes species, in which the larvae live in semiaquatic or damp terrestrial habitats, the larvae of L. angelicae are fully aquatic, living in shallow water at the margins of lakes.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Superior RoughRiders
The Superior RoughRiders were a junior ice hockey organization based in Superior, Boulder County, Colorado. The team played in the Western States Hockey League at the Sport Stable in Superior. The Superior RoughRiders are owned by the RoughRiders Hockey Club.

Cheyenne Stampede
The Cheyenne Stampede were a United Hockey Union-sanctioned junior ice hockey team in the Western States Hockey League (WSHL). The Stampede played their home games at the Cheyenne Ice and Events Center. The team announced it would not participate in the 2019–20 season due to a lease dispute.
Karate at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's 84 kg
The men's 84 kg competition of the karate events at the 2023 Pan American Games was held on November 4 at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile.

Karate at the 2023 Pan American Games
Karate competitions at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held between November 3 and 5, 2023 at the Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto.

12 medal events were contested. Ten of these events were in kumite (five per gender). A further two events (one per gender) in kata were contested. A total of 106 athletes qualified to compete at the games.
BibDesk
BibDesk is an open-source reference management software package for macOS, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. It can also be used to organize and maintain a library of documents in PDF format and other formats. It is primarily a BibTeX front-end for use with LaTeX, but also offers external bibliographic database connectivity for importing, a variety of means for exporting, and capability for linking to local documents and automatically filing local documents. It takes advantage of many macOS features such as AppleScript and Spotlight.

First launched publicly in 2002, BibDesk is under continuing development by various contributors via SourceForge. The original developer was Michael McCracken, and much of the code has subsequently been written by Adam Maxwell and Christiaan Hofman. Also available directly from SourceForge, it is currently bundled with the MacTeX distribution of TeX Live.

Services menu
The Services menu (or simply Services) is a user interface element in macOS. The services are programs that accept input from the user selection, process it, and optionally put the result back in the clipboard. The concept originated in the NeXTSTEP operating system, from which it was carried over into macOS and GNUstep. Similar features can be emulated on other operating systems.
De antiquitate Paterni soli et de rebus Bulgaricis
De antiquitate Paterni soli et de rebus Bulgaricis ("On the antiquity of the fatherland and the deeds of the Bulgarians") is a historical treatise written in Latin by the Bulgarian Catholic archbishop Petar Bogdan (1601–1674). Completed in 1667, it is the earliest modern written work on the history of Bulgaria, preceding Paisius of Hilendar's Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya and Blasius Kleiner's History of Bulgaria by nearly a century.

Catholic Church in Bulgaria
The Catholic Church is the fourth largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam and Protestantism. Its roots in the country date to the Middle Ages and are part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
Tōdō Takayuki
Tōdō Takayuki (藤堂 高猷; March 11, 1813 – February 9, 1895) was the 11th daimyō of Tsu Domain under the late Edo period Tokugawa shogunate and the 19th hereditary chieftain of the Tōdō clan. Takayuki's sudden betrayal of the Tokugawa forces at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi during the Boshin War was one of the decisive factors which turned the battle in the imperial army's favor.

Tōdō clan
The Tōdō clan (Japanese: 藤堂氏, Hepburn: Tōdō-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan of humble origins from the Inukami District of Ōmi Province. Under Hideyoshi, Tōdō ruled Uwajima at Iyo province. During the Edo period, the Tōdō ruled most of Ise Province and all of Iga Province as daimyō (feudal lords) of Tsu Domain (320,000 koku) under the Tokugawa shogunate.
Mustafa Kemal, Ataşehir
Mustafa Kemal is a neighborhood in the district of Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey.

Its population is 14,262 (2022).

It is bordered on the northeast by the O-4 highway with the Ümraniye neighborhoods of Site and Finanskent on the other side of the highway; on the southeast by the Ataşehir neighborhoods of Barbaros and Yenisahra; and on the northwest by the Ataşehir neighborhoods of Örnek and Aşık Veysel.

Yenisahra
Yenisahra is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ataşehir, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 9,968 (2022). It is situated on the Anatolian side of the city, on the border of the Kadıköy district. It became neighborhood in 1974, originally as a part of Kadıköy until it joined Ataşehir upon its creation as a district in 2008.
Mauldslie Woods
Mauldslie Woods is an area of woodland close to the town of Carluke, South Lanarkshire. It is one of six woodlands which form the Clyde Valley Woodlands National Nature Reserve, the others being Cartland Craigs, Chatelherault, Cleghorn Glen, Falls of Clyde and Lower Nethan Gorges. It stands on the estate of Mauldslie Castle, whose most notable resident was John Wightman of Mauldslie, Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1721/23.

The woodland was cleared in the 1800s, but has since been replanted, including one section planted as orchard for apples, pears and plums. The site is managed by South Lanarkshire Council, with aim of restoring the native woodland. The aim is to use the site to demonstrate methods of woodland management that promote biodiversity alongside sustainable timber extraction.

Chatelherault Country Park
Chatelherault Country Park is a country park in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located in the village of Ferniegair, 1+1⁄4 miles (2 kilometres) from Hamilton town centre. On the west side of the park, runs the Avon, a tributary of the River Clyde.

Its name is derived from the French town of Châtellerault, the title Duc de Châtellerault having been granted to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran in 1548 for his part in arranging the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, to Francis, Dauphin of France.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

The regional global  responses are categorized by six WHO offices: Africa, Western Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, South East Asia, Europes, and Americas.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Ge'ez: ቴዎድሮስ አድሓኖም ገብረኢየሱስ, sometimes spelled ቴድሮስ ኣድሓኖም ገብረየሱስ; born 3 March 1965) is an Ethiopian public health official, researcher, diplomat, and the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2017. He is the first African to become WHO Director-General, receiving an endorsement for the role by the African Union. Tedros played a role in the response to the Ebola virus epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak.

Prior to serving as Director-General, he held two high-level positions in the government of Ethiopia: Minister of Health from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. Tedros was included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020.
Explorer++
Explorer++ is a free and open-source navigational file manager for Microsoft Windows. It features multi-tabbed panes, bookmarks menu, and a customizable user interface. It can be configured to run portably or use the registry. It can also be set to replace Windows Explorer as the default file manager.

The original version of these is the original source of the commercial PowerDesk Pro file manager now sold by Avanquest. They still share certain features but each has added different features.

File Explorer
File Explorer, previously known as Windows Explorer, is a file manager application and default desktop environment that is included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onwards. It provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems, as well as user interface elements such as the taskbar and desktop.

The application was renamed from "Windows Explorer" to "File Explorer" in Windows 8; however, the old name of "Windows Explorer" can still be seen in the Windows Task Manager.
Cultural depictions of Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain has inspired artistic and cultural works for over four centuries, as the most powerful ruler in the Europe of his day, and subsequently a central figure in the "Black Legend" of Spanish power. The following list covers representations of him in drama, opera, film, novels, and verse. A small selection of the many artistic portrayals of Philip is shown in gallery form.

Antonis Mor
Anthonis Mor, also known as Anthonis Mor van Dashorst and Antonio Moro (c. 1517 – 1577), was a Netherlandish portrait painter, much in demand by the courts of Europe. He has also been referred to as Antoon, Anthonius, Anthonis or Mor van Dashorst, and as António Mouro, Anthony More, etc., but signed most of his portraits as Anthonis Mor.

Mor developed a formal style for court portraits, largely based on Titian, that was extremely influential on court painters across Europe, especially in the Iberian Peninsula, where it created a tradition that led to Diego Velázquez. His works can include considerable psychological penetration, especially in portraits of men, but always gives the subject a grand and self-possessed air.
Tanaina, Alaska
Tanaina is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located 4 miles north from Wasilla, it is part of the Anchorage, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2020 census the population was 8,817, up from 8,197 in 2010. Tanaina is the sixth-most populated CDP in Alaska.

Anchorage metropolitan area
The Anchorage Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of the Municipality of Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough in the south central region of Alaska.

As of the 2010 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 380,821. However, 2016 population estimates increase that number to more than 400,000. This is a census definition only, and many of the settlements considered within the metropolitan area are in fact quite distant from the city center and may be very small and isolated, for example Lake Louise is about 170 miles (270 km) from Anchorage proper and has fewer than 50 year-round residents.
Mandaean studies
Mandaean studies, or Mandaic studies when referring to linguistic studies, is the study of the Mandaean religion, Mandaean people, and Mandaic language. It can be considered as a subdiscipline of Aramaic studies, Semitic studies, Middle Eastern studies, and Oriental studies. Related disciplines include Syriac studies, Assyriology, Iranian studies, Jewish studies, and religious studies.

Iranian studies
Iranian studies (Persian: ايران‌شناسی Irânšenâsi), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, language, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies.

Iranian studies is broader than Persian studies, which is the study of the Persian language and literature specifically. The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of not only Persians, but also a variety of other contemporary and historical fellow Iranian peoples, such as Kurds, Lurs, Gilakis, Talysh, Tajiks, Pashtuns, Ossetians, Baluchis, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazmians, and Mazandaranis.
Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency
The presidency of Richard Nixon began on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as the 37th president of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when, in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, he resigned the presidency (the first U.S. president ever to do so).

Melvin Laird
Melvin Robert Laird Jr. (September 1, 1922 – November 16, 2016) was an American politician, writer and statesman. A member of the Republican Party, he served a member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin from 1953 to 1969 representing Wisconsin's 7th congressional district before serving as United States Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard Nixon. Laird was instrumental in forming the administration's policy of withdrawing U.S. soldiers from the Vietnam War; he coined the expression "Vietnamization," referring to the process of transferring more responsibility for combat to the South Vietnamese forces. First elected in 1952, Laird was the last living former U.S. representative elected to the 83rd Congress at the time of his death and the last living representative to have served during the presidency of Harry Truman.
Antonio Porchia
Antonio Porchia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpɔrkja]; November 13, 1885 – November 9, 1968) was an Argentine poet.

Porchia was born in Conflenti, Italy, but, after the death of his father in 1900, moved to Argentina.

Porchia wrote a Spanish book entitled Voces ("Voices"), a book of aphorisms. It has since been translated into Italian and into English (by W.S. Merwin, Copper Canyon Press, 2003), French, and German.

A very influential, yet extremely succinct writer, Porchia has been a cult author for a number of renowned figures of contemporary literature and thought such as André Breton, Jorge Luis Borges, Don Paterson, Roberto Juarroz and Henry Miller, amongst others. Some critics have paralleled his work to Japanese haiku and found many similarities with a number of Zen schools of thought.

Don Paterson
Donald Paterson (born 1963 in Dundee) is a Scottish poet, writer and musician. His work has won several awards, including the Forward Poetry Prize, the T. S. Eliot Prize and the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize. He was recipient of the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry 2009.
Holth Peaks
The Holth Peaks (77°25′S 86°43′W﻿ / ﻿77.417°S 86.717°W﻿ / -77.417; -86.717) are a group of peaks which rise to 1,820 metres (5,970 ft) in the form of a short northeast–southwest ridge, 2 nautical miles (4 km) northwest of Mount Lymburner near the northern end of the Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. They were discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23, 1935, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Baard Holth, captain of the MV Wyatt Earp on Ellsworth's first expedition to Antarctica in 1933–34.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The Russian invasion of Ukraine received widespread international condemnation, leading to new sanctions being imposed on Russia, which triggered a Russian financial crisis. Reactions among governments have most often been negative, with criticism and condemnation, particularly in Europe, the Americas, and Southeast Asia.

International organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have also voiced significant criticism of the invasion, over its not having justifiable precedent. From the early phases of the invasion, the United Nations General Assembly voted to condemn Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.

Bucha, Ukraine
Bucha (Ukrainian: Буча, pronounced [ˈbutʃɐ] ⓘ) is a city in Ukraine's Kyiv Oblast. Administratively, it serves as the administrative center of Bucha Raion. It hosts the administration of Bucha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 37,321 (2022 estimate). Bucha Day is celebrated in the city between 11 and 13 September.

The battle of Bucha was a major part of the northern front of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The battle lasted from 27 February to 31 March 2022, when Russian forces withdrew and mayor Anatolii Fedoruk reported that the city had been fully retaken.

After Ukrainian forces regained control of Bucha, reports and testimonies of war crimes committed by the Russian military began to circulate. These war crimes have been collectively labeled the Bucha massacre.