hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guvåg
Guvåg is a village in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The village is located on the shore of Eidsfjord between the mouth of Jørnfjorden to the east and Hellfjorden to the west. Many skerries lie in the sea near Guvåg. Ørntuva Hill (247 meters or 810 feet) rises immediately north of Guvåg, with the Breitinden Plateau (598 meters or 1,962 feet) rising beyond that.

Norwegian County Road 913, which terminates in Guvåg, runs north from the village, connecting it to other settlements on the island of Langøya.

Langøya
Langøya is the third largest island of Norway (outside of Svalbard), with an area of 850.2 square kilometres (328.3 sq mi). The island is a part of the Vesterålen archipelago in Nordland county, Norway. The island includes Bø Municipality and Øksnes Municipality as well as parts of Sortland Municipality and Hadsel Municipality.
Bill Kenwright
William Kenwright (4 September 1945 – 23 October 2023) was an English theatre and film producer. He was also the chairman of Everton Football Club for nearly two decades, from 2004 until his death in 2023.

Keith Wyness
Keith Wyness (born 26 October 1958) is a Scottish businessman and football executive, most recently he was the Chief Executive of Aston Villa football club. He previously held the same position at Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen and later Premier League club Everton during the 2000s.
St. Anthony High School (Detroit)
St. Anthony High School was a coeducational Catholic high school in Detroit, Michigan, United States and belonged to the Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit. The first high school was built in 1918 on the corner of Field and Frederick Street in Detroit. A new high school was then built in 1926 across the street, featuring 13 classrooms, laboratories, and a large study hall. St. Anthony was a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association and competed athletically in the Catholic High School League.

Following a series of consolidations of Catholic schools, several were merged into St. Anthony to form East Catholic High School in 1969.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Clive Spate
Clive Spate (born 16 January 1952) is a British game show contestant.  He was the winner of the eighth series of Countdown and has won many other TV quizzes, including the 2003 series Grand Slam, a contest between previous quiz show champions which also featured Olav Bjortomt, Mark Labbett, Graham Nash and David Edwards, among others.

He appeared on Who Wants to be a Millionaire? (Series 15, Episode 13), broadcast on 27 March 2004, where he won £125,000.

Spate is also a former tournament Scrabble player.  He was the top rated UK player in 1991, 1994 and 1995.  He competed at the World Scrabble Championship in 1993, finishing ninth out of sixty-four.  The winner that year was Countdown Champion of Champions Mark Nyman – the first UK Scrabble player to hold the World Championship title.

Spate gradually retired from the game, although he made a brief comeback in 2003, when he was the runner-up at the British National Scrabble Championship.

David Edwards (quiz contestant)
David Edwards (born 1947) is a British physics teacher, best known as a TV quiz contestant. On 21 April 2001 he became the first man to win the million pounds in the UK version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and only the second person after Judith Keppel. He competed in both series of Are You an Egghead?, reaching the last 16 in 2008, and the final in 2009, where he lost to fellow Millionaire winner Pat Gibson.
Lacrosse at the Summer Olympics
Lacrosse has been contested at two editions of the Summer Olympic Games, 1904 and 1908. Both times a Canadian team won the competition. In its first year, two teams from Canada and one team from the United States competed at the games in St. Louis, Missouri. Only two teams, one from Canada and one from Great Britain, competed in 1908 in London.

Lacrosse was also held as a demonstration event at the 1928, 1932, and 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1928 and 1932, the United States was represented by the Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse team, and in 1948 by the  RPI Engineers men's lacrosse team. Canada sent an all-star team in 1928 and 1932; Great Britain sent an all-star team in 1928 and 1948.

The International Olympic Committee granted provisional status to World Lacrosse in 2018 and in October 2023, the sport was approved to be included in the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles. It will be played in the lacrosse sixes format.

Lacrosse at the 1904 Summer Olympics
The sport of field lacrosse was played at the 1904 Summer Olympics, which marked the first time that lacrosse had been featured at the Olympic Games. Three teams participated — two from Canada and one from the United States. One of the Canadian teams consisted entirely of Mohawk nation players. The victorious Shamrock Lacrosse Team is more commonly known as the Winnipeg Shamrocks.

A second American team, the Brooklyn Crescents, was entered but did not participate: they were scheduled to play a semi-final against the Shamrocks, but arrived too late and were disqualified.
Buštranje oil shale deposit
The Buštranje oil shale deposit is an oil shale deposit located in Buštranje, Pčinja District, Serbia. The deposit has oil shale reserves amounting to 102 million tonnes, one of the largest oil shale reserves in Serbia and Europe and has an organic content equivalent to 2.5 million tonnes of shale oil.

Pčinja District
The Pčinja District (Serbian: Пчињски округ, romanized: Pčinjski okrug, pronounced [ptʃǐɲskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It occupies the southernmost part of the country. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 193,802 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Pčinja District is the city of Vranje.
Kiyose, Tokyo
Kiyose (清瀬市, Kiyose-shi) is a city located in the west of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 74,972 in 36,376 households, and a population density of 7300 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 10.23 square kilometres (3.95 sq mi).

Western Tokyo
Western Tokyo (東京都西部, Tōkyō-to seibu), known as the Tama area (多摩地域, Tama chiiki), Tama region (多摩地方, Tama-chihō) or toka (都下) locally, in the Tokyo Metropolis consists of 30 ordinary municipalities (cities (市 shi), towns (町 machi) and one village (村 mura)), unlike the eastern part which consists of 23 special wards.

Before it was transferred to Tokyo in 1893, the Tama area, then also still often referred to as the "three Tama" (三多摩, san-Tama) (referring to the West, North and South Tama counties it consisted of) had formed the Northern part of Kanagawa Prefecture.
TT178
The Theban Tomb TT178 is located in El-Khokha, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor.

TT178 was the burial place of the ancient Egyptian named Neferronpet called Kenro, who was a scribe of the treasury in the estate of Amun-Re. Neferronpet called Kenro lived during the reign of  Ramesses II during the  Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He had a wife named Mutemwia. In the inner room Neferronpet called Kenro is said to be the son of a man named Piay. Four seated statues include those of the priest of Amun named Piay and a woman named Wiay (his mother?)

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid  dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty furthermore together constitute an era known as the Ramesside period. This Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne.
Rae-1 family
Retinoic acid early inducible 1 (RAE-1) family of murine cell surface glycoproteins is composed of at least five members (RAE-1α-ε). Genes encoding these proteins are located on mouse chromosome 10. RAE-1 proteins are related to MHC class I, they are made up of external α1α2 domain which is linked to the cell membrane by the GPI anchor. They function as stress-induced ligands for NKG2D receptor and their expression is low or absent on normal cells. However, they are constitutively expressed on some tumour cells and they can be upregulated by retinoic acid.

MHC class I
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates. They also occur on platelets, but not on red blood cells. Their function is to display peptide fragments of proteins from within the cell to cytotoxic T cells; this will trigger an immediate response from the immune system against a particular non-self antigen displayed with the help of an MHC class I protein. Because MHC class I molecules present peptides derived from cytosolic proteins, the pathway of MHC class I presentation is often called cytosolic or endogenous pathway.

In humans, the HLAs corresponding to MHC class I are HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C.
Chintamanrao Dhundirao Patwardhan
Shrimant Raja, Sir Chintamanrao Dhundirao Patwardhan KCSI, KCIE, PB (14 February 1890 - 11 February 1965) also known as Appasaheb Patwardhan was the 3rd Raja of the princely state of Sangli of British Raj during the reign (15 June 1903 – 19 February 1948 ) (but officially with full power's on 5 June 1910). He signed the accession to the Indian Union on 19 February 1948 which ended the separate existence of Sangli State.

Raja
Raja (/ˈrɑːdʒɑː/; from IAST rājan-) is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá, the "Battle of Ten Kings".

The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix.

The Maratha title "Rao" (or "Rao") functions as both a given name and an honorific title, derived from words like the Sanskrit "Rājā" meaning "king," is a associated with the Kshatriya varna and can be considered a Kshatriya title.
Lorraine J. Pitkin
Lorraine J. Pitkin (July 15, 1845 - 1922) was an American women's activist and political postmaster. She served as Most Worthy Grand Matron (1880–86) and Right Worthy Grand Secretary of the Order of the Eastern Star (O.E.S.) of the Illinois Grand Chapter.

Order of the Eastern Star
The Order of the Eastern Star (OES) is a Masonic appendant body open to both men and women. It was established in 1850 by lawyer and educator Rob Morris, a noted Freemason, and adopted and approved as an appendant body of the Masonic Fraternity in 1873. The order is based on teachings from the Bible and is open to people of all religious beliefs. It has approximately 10,000 chapters in 18 countries and approximately 500,000 members under its General Grand Chapter.

Members of the Order of the Eastern Star are aged 18 and older; men must be Master Masons and women must be sponsored. Originally, a woman would have to be the daughter, widow, wife, sister, or mother of a Master Mason. The Order now allows other relatives as well as allowing Job's Daughters, Rainbow Girls and Members of the Organization of Triangles (in New York) to become members when of age.
Rhaphiostylis
Rhaphiostylis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Metteniusaceae.

Its native range is Tropical Africa, Madagascar.

Species:

Rhaphiostylis beninensis (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Planch. ex Benth.

Rhaphiostylis cordifolia Hutch. & Dalziel

Rhaphiostylis elegans Engl.

Rhaphiostylis ferruginea Engl.

Rhaphiostylis fusca (Pierre) Pierre

Rhaphiostylis minima Jongkind

Rhaphiostylis ovatifolia Engl. ex Sleumer

Rhaphiostylis parvifolia (S.Moore) Exell

Rhaphiostylis poggei Engl.

Rhaphiostylis preussii Engl.

Rhaphiostylis subsessilifolia Engl.

Rhaphiostylis beninensis
Rhaphiostylis beninensis is a woody, sprawling or scrambling glabrous, evergreen shrub or liane native to Tropical Africa, belonging to the family Metteniusaceae, and one of 3 species in the genus Rhaphiostylis. It is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory by the Bantu people of Africa.

Occasionally forming thickets, it is found in or on the margins of rain-forest, where, as a climber, it reaches 10-15m in height, and rarely as a free-standing tree 5-8m. Its bark is smooth and dark grey, while young branches are reddish-brown to purple. Leaves are alternate and elliptic-lanceolate in shape with acuminate apex. Flowers in axillary clusters, white and fragrant. Fruit flattened and sub-reniform, persistent lateral style, reticulate or wrinkled, bright red turning black when ripe.

This species occurs in Liberia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Senegal, Gambia, Congo and Angola.
1984 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1984 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican John Spellman ran for re-election to a second term but was defeated by Democrat Booth Gardner despite Republican President Ronald Reagan carrying the state by 13 points in the concurrent concurrent U.S. presidential election in Washington. This is the last time that the Washington governor's office changed partisan control or that an incumbent governor of Washington lost a general election.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Vincente (crater)
Vicente is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 108 kilometres (67 miles). Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Vicente is named for the Portuguese writer Gil Vicente.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the north of Vincente is the crater Sibelius, and to the south is Rimbaud.

Oblique view of Vincente crater

The region around Vincente in exaggerated color.  The rays of Han Kan crater cross the scene.

Han Kan (crater)
Han Kan is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 50 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Han Kan is named for the Chinese painter Han Gan, who lived from 720 to 780.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

On the eastern floor of Han Kan is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM), closely associated with hollows.

Han Kan has an extensive ray system extending for hundreds of kilometers.

Mariner 10 image with Han Kan at center

Exaggerated color image by MESSENGER with Han Kan at center

Han Kan (bottom center), Van Gogh (upper left), and Dickens (right) craters
Naṣru
Naṣru (Hatran Aramaic: 𐣭𐣱𐣣𐣥‎) was a local governor at Hatra (an ancient town in the North of modern Iraq). He is attested by at least in 34 inscriptions found in the Hatra. Three of the inscriptions are dated (between AD 128/29 and AD 137/38). A fourth one dates most likely after he died and gives the year 176/177 BC.

During his rule, Nasru took significant measures in fortifying Hatra, such as the construction of the northern and eastern gates and the city wall (as attested to in an Inscription dated to AD 137/138).

Naṣru carried the enigmatic title mry' , which might translate as master, governor or administrator. He was the son of Nashrihab and father of Wolgash and Sanatruq I.

Hatra
Hatra (/ˈhæ.trə/; Arabic: الحَضْر (Arabic pronunciation: [al.ˈħadˤr]); Syriac: ܚܛܪܐ) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq with an Arab ruling dynasty and a mixed populace which was largely ethnically indigenous Assyrian and Syriac-Aramaic speaking. The ruins of the city lie 290 km (180 mi) northwest of Baghdad and 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeological site from the Parthian Empire known to date.

Hatra was a strongly fortified caravan city and capital of the small Kingdom of Hatra, located between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. Hatra flourished in the 2nd century, and was destroyed by the Sassanid Empire and deserted in the 3rd century alongside other Neo-Assyrian populated states such as Assur, Adiabene, Osroene and Beth Nuhadra. Its ruins were discovered in the 19th century.
Semyon Chernetsky
Semyon Aleksandrovich Chernetsky (born Solomon Isayevich Chernetsky; 23 October [O.S. 11 October] 1881 – 13 April 1950) was a Soviet military composer and conductor. He is credited as the founder of modern Russian military bands. He served as the Senior Director of the Central Military Band of the People's Commissariat of National Defense of the USSR from 1924 to 1950.

8th Cavalry Division (Russian Empire)
The 8th Cavalry Division (Russian: 8-я кавалерийская дивизия, romanized: 8-ya Kavaleriiskaya Diviziya) was a cavalry formation of the Russian Imperial Army, part of the 8th Army Corps. It was headquartered at Kishinev by 1914.
Henrietta McKenney
Henrietta Foxall McKenney (November 11, 1825 – February 2, 1887) was an American painter.

McKenney was born in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., the daughter of Samuel and Mary Ann Foxall McKenney; her grandfather, Henry Foxall, was a noted industrialist and lay Methodist preacher. In youth she was a talented artist, painting at fifteen a View of Mount Vernon and at sixteen a view of Harper's Ferry. In 1845 she produced a harbor scene; two foreign views are known as well. She married Dr. Charles Hartwell Cragin, Sr., who served for a time as Police Commissioner of the District of Columbia, and died in Washington, where she is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery.

McKenney's view of Harper's Ferry was included in the inaugural exhibition of the National Museum of Women in the Arts, American Women Artists 1830–1930, in 1987.

Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Oak Hill Cemetery is a historic 22-acre (8.9 ha) cemetery located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was founded in 1848 and completed in 1853, and is a prime example of a rural cemetery. Many famous politicians, business people, military people, diplomats, and philanthropists are buried at Oak Hill, and the cemetery has a number of Victorian-style memorials and monuments. Oak Hill has two structures which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel and the Van Ness Mausoleum.

The cemetery's (temporary) interment of "Willie" Lincoln, deceased son of president Abraham Lincoln, was the inspiration for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Lincoln in the Bardo by George Saunders.
John Copeland Cole
John Copeland Cole (died 23 April 1987) was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1957 to 1969. He was nominated by the Taoiseach Éamon de Valera in 1957 to the 9th Seanad. He was nominated by Seán Lemass in 1961 and 1965 to the 10th and 11th Seanads respectively. He did not contest the 1969 Seanad election.

He was a member of the Orange Order and was grand master of the County Cavan lodge. His father John James Cole was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan constituency, elected on five occasions between 1923 and 1943. His uncle Thomas Loftus Cole, was an MP for Belfast East.

9th Seanad
The 9th Seanad was in office from 1957 to 1961. An election to Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), followed the 1957 general election to the 16th Dáil. The senators served until the close of poll for the 10th Seanad in 1961.

On 16 May 1957, Seán Moylan was appointed as Minister for Agriculture. He was the first senator appointed as a minister since the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937. Moyland died on 16 November 1957.
Trams in Krefeld
The Krefeld tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Krefeld) is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Krefeld, a city in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.  Opened in 1883, the network has been operated since 2002 by SWK MOBIL, and is integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR).

Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr
Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) (German: [fɐˈkeːɐ̯sfɐˌbʊnt ˌʁaɪ̯n ˈʁuːɐ̯]), is a public transport association (Verkehrsverbund) in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It covers large parts of the Ruhr area, the Lower Rhine region including Düsseldorf and the Rhine-Ruhr conurbation. It was founded on 1 January 1980, and is Europe’s largest public Transport association, covering an area of some 7,305 km2 (2,820 sq mi) with around 7.8 million inhabitants, spanning as far as Dorsten in the north, Dortmund in the east, Langenfeld in the south, and the Dutch border in the west and northwest.
Diocese of Adria-Rovigo
The Diocese of Adria-Rovigo (Latin: Dioecesis Adriensis-Rhodigiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the Triveneto. It has existed under this name since 1986. It is a Latin suffragan to the Patriarchate of Venice.

The comune of Adria is north of the Po River, some 88 km (56 mi) north of Ravenna. Its territory comprises roughly the northeastern Italian civil Province of Rovigo (Rovigo itself is not an episcopal see), and a part of one town in the Province of Padua.

Diocese of Treviso
The Diocese of Treviso (Latin: Dioecesis Tarvisina) is Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Veneto, Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Patriarchate of Venice.
Comparison of iPod file managers
This is a list of file managers for the iPod. Such software permits the transferring of media files between an iPod and a computer or vice versa.

iTunes is the official iPod managing software, but 3rd parties have created alternatives to work around restrictions in the program, or for those avoiding known issues with iTunes.

File manager
A file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user interface to manage files and folders.  The most common operations performed on files or groups of files include creating, opening (e.g. viewing, playing, editing or printing), renaming, copying, moving, deleting and searching for files, as well as modifying file attributes, properties and file permissions. Folders and files may be displayed in a hierarchical tree based on their directory structure.
Zonguldak Province
Zonguldak Province (Turkish: Zonguldak ili) is a province along the western Black Sea coast region of Turkey. Its area is 3,342 km2, and its population is 588,510 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Düzce to the southwest, Bolu to the south, Karabük to the southeast, and Bartın to the east. The capital is Zonguldak. Its Governor is Osman Hacıbektaşoğlu.

Bolu Province
Bolu Province (Turkish: Bolu ili) is a province in north-western Turkey, between the capital, Ankara, and the largest city in the country, Istanbul. Its area is 8,313 square kilometres (3,210 sq mi), and its population is 320,824 (2022). The capital city of the province is Bolu.