hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cartographic design
Cartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the appearance of a map, applying the principles of design and knowledge of how maps are used to create a map that has both aesthetic appeal and practical function. It shares this dual goal with almost all forms of design; it also shares with other design, especially graphic design, the three skill sets of artistic talent, scientific reasoning, and technology. As a discipline, it integrates design, geography, and geographic information science.

Arthur H. Robinson, considered the father of cartography as an academic research discipline in the United States, stated that a map not properly designed "will be a cartographic failure." He also claimed, when considering all aspects of cartography, that "map design is perhaps the most complex."

Figure-ground (cartography)
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the figure), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention. It is thus based on the concept of figure–ground from Gestalt psychology. For example, in a street map with strong figure-ground contrast, the reader would be able to isolate and focus attention on individual features, like a given street, park, or lake, as well as layers of related features, like the street network.

Strong figure-ground contrast has been seen as a desirable goal of map design, because it helps the map reader to perceive distinct geographic phenomena in the map. This allows more complex composition techniques such as visual hierarchy to organize these phenomena into clear structures that help readers use the map for its intended purposes.
Daljit Singh (Sikh politician)
Raja Sir Daljit Singh (7 December 1882 – 6 November 1946) was a politician born in Kapurthala. He is considered as the first prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1921) before Indian independence, while some consider Albion Rajkumar Banerjee as first prime minister.

Albion Rajkumar Banerji
Sir Albion Rajkumar Banerji Esq. M.A.I.C.S. (10 October 1871 – 25 February 1950) was an Indian civil servant and administrator who served as the Diwan of Cochin from 1907 to 1914, 21st Diwan of Mysore from 1922 to 1926, and as Prime Minister of Kashmir from 1927 to 1929.
Kim Jong Suk Naval Academy
Kim Jong Suk Naval University (Korean: 김정숙해군대학) is a post-secondary educational institution located in Hamhung, North Korea for officers of the Korean People's Navy. Its namesake is Kim Jong-suk, a Korean anti-Japanese guerrilla and North Korean leader Kim Il Sung's first wife. There is a bust in her honor at the academy. It has produced naval commanders, including dozens of Heroes of the DPRK and Heroes of Labor. It is similar in function to the Korean Naval Academy.

Hamhung
Hamhŭng (Hamhŭng-si; Korean pronunciation: [hamɣɯŋ]) is North Korea's second-most populous city, and a major port city and industrial hub. Hamhung is the capital of South Hamgyŏng Province and the 16th largest city in the Korean Peninsula. Located in the southern part of the South Hamgyong Province, Hamhung is the main and most populous metropolitan area in the province. Hamhung was centrally planned and built by the North Korean Government.
HMS Forth (1813)
HMS Forth was a 50-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Endymion class, launched on 14 June 1813 at Blackwall and broken up at Chatham in July 1819.

From June 1813 to 1815 Forth came under the command of Captain Sir William Bolton in The Downs and later in the year off the Scheldt, with a spell under Sir Edward Codrington in 1814–1815. During service off North America in the War of 1812 under Captain Bolton, the American privateer brig Regent was captured on 19 Sep 1814 in Little Egg Harbor.

From February 1816 until July 1819 Forth came under the command of Captain Sir John Louis, after undergoing a refitting first as a flagship and subsequently as a fourth rate frigate at Chatham.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Architecture of the Paris Métro
From the original plain white tilework and Art Nouveau entrances, the architecture of Paris Métro stations has evolved with successive waves of building and renovation.

After experiments with diverse colour schemes, furniture and lighting, since 1999 there has been a reversion to the original design principles of the network. In parallel, the line 14 has provided an entirely new template for the stations of the 21st century.

Railway platform
A railway platform is an area in a train station alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan hosts 44 platforms, more than any other rail station in the world. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.

Among some American train conductors, the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".
DragonStrike (board game)
Dragon Strike is a 1993 adventure board game from TSR, Inc. based on the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. It was intended to be a pathway for beginners to start with, and for players to eventually play the full Advanced Dungeons & Dragons tabletop game after kindling their interest.

Adventure board game
An adventure board game is a board game in which a player plays as a unique individual character that improves through gameplay. This improvement is commonly reflected in terms of increasing character attributes, but also in receiving new abilities or equipment.
Gotham Independent Film Award for Outstanding Supporting Performance
The Gotham Independent Film Award for Outstanding Supporting Performance is one of the annual Gotham Independent Film Awards and was first awarded in 2021.

It is a gender neutral award and was introduced for the Gotham Independent Film Awards 2021 to replace the awards for Best Actor and Best Actress given out in previous years.

Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Actress
The Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Actress was one of the annual Gotham Independent Film Awards awarded between 2013 and 2020. In 2021, it was replaced by the gender neutral awards for Outstanding Lead Performance and Outstanding Supporting Performance.
Feminist language reform
Feminist language reform or feminist language planning refers to the effort, often of political and grassroots movements, to change how language is used to gender people, activities and ideas on an individual and societal level. This initiative has been adopted in countries such as Sweden, Switzerland and Australia.

Ms.
Ms. (American English) or Ms (British English; normally /ˈmɪz/, but also /məz/, or /məs/ when unstressed) is an English-language honorific used with the last name or full name of a woman, intended as a default form of address for women regardless of marital status. Like Miss and Mrs., the term Ms. has its origins in the female English title once used for all women, Mistress, the feminine form of Mister and Master. It originated in the 17th century and was revived into mainstream usage in the 20th century. Its usage remains controversial in Britain, with many style guides recommending not to use it unless specifically requested to.

It is followed by a full stop, or period, in Canada and the United States, but not in many other English-speaking countries.
The Cup (2011 film)
The Cup is a 2011 Australian biographical film directed by Simon Wincer. The film is about the 2002 Melbourne Cup race won by Damien Oliver. Starring Brendan Gleeson, Stephen Curry, Daniel MacPherson, Tom Burlinson and Bill Hunter, in his final film before his death.

2002 Melbourne Cup
The 2002 Melbourne Cup was the 142nd running of the Melbourne Cup, a prestigious Australian Thoroughbred horse race. The race, run over 3,200 metres (1.988 mi), was held on 5 November 2002 at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse.

It was won by Media Puzzle, trained by Dermot Weld and ridden by Damien Oliver. A week before the race Damien's older brother Jason, who was also a jockey was killed from severe head injuries suffered after a fall during a trail the day before at Belmont Park Racecourse in Perth.
Wola Świdzińska
Wola Świdzińska [ˈvɔla ɕfiˈd͡ʑiɲska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasocin, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Krasocin, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Włoszczowa, and 39 km (24 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Krasocin
Krasocin [kraˈsɔt͡ɕin] is a village in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krasocin. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Włoszczowa and 36 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton
Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton (1 May 1884 – 27 July 1972), known as Philip Lloyd-Greame until 1924 and as The Viscount Swinton between 1935 and 1955, was a prominent British Conservative politician from the 1920s until the 1950s. He was notable through the 1940s and 1950s as being firstly the Minister for Aviation and then being on the steering committee for the Convention on International Civil Aviation. He retired from politics in 1955, and his status was raised to an earldom.

President of the Board of Trade
The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. A committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, it was first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th century that evolved gradually into a government department with diverse functions. The current holder of the post is Peter Kyle, who is concurrently the secretary of state for business and trade.
Steinkjerelva
Steinkjerelva is a 2.2-kilometer (1.4 mi) long river in the town of Steinkjer in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It forms at the confluence between the rivers Byaelva and Ogna at Guldbergaunet and flows through the town of Steinkjer before flowing into Beitstadfjorden, the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord. The river is crossed by four bridges, including one for the Nordland Line and the Sneppen Bridge which is part of the European route E6 highway. The river drains the entire Snåsavatnet watershed, which covers an area of 2,143 square kilometers (827 sq mi).

Beitstadfjorden
Beitstadfjorden (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ɪtstɑˌfjuːɳ]) is the innermost arm of the Trondheimsfjord in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in Steinkjer Municipality, Inderøy Municipality, and a small part extends into Indre Fosen Municipality. The fjord has a length of 28 kilometres (17 mi) from southwest to northeast, and a width of about 6 to 8 kilometres (3.7 to 5.0 mi).

The fjord begins at the Skarnsund strait in the south and extends northeast to the city of Steinkjer. On the far western part of the fjord, the Verrasundet strait extends south to the village of Verrabotn in Indre Fosen Municipality, while in the north the Beitstad strait stretches northward past the villages of Malm, Beitstad, and Vellamelen. In Inderøy Municipality, the villages of Kjerknesvågen and Breivika are located along the shoreline. Follafoss is located along the north side of the fjord.
Sakaibe no Marise
Sakaibe no Marise (境部 摩理勢) (died 628) was a court aristocrat of the Asuka period of Japanese history, and member of the Soga clan. When Empress Suiko died in 628, Marise sought to place Prince Yamashiro, the son of Prince Shōtoku, on the Imperial throne. However, his nephew Soga no Emishi, a government minister, opposed him and ordered Marise killed, ensuring that his choice, Prince Tamura, would succeed Suiko.

Marise was a son of Soga no Iname, and brother to Soga no Umako.

Soga clan
The Soga clan (Japanese: 蘇我氏, Hepburn: Soga-shi) was one of the most powerful aristocratic kin groups (uji) of the Asuka period of the early Japanese state—the Yamato polity—and played a major role in the spread of Buddhism in Japan. Through the 5th and 7th centuries, the Soga monopolized the kabane or hereditary rank of Great Omi and was the first of many families to dominate the Imperial House of Japan by influencing the order of succession and government policy.
2014 Dutch National Time Trial Championships – Women's time trial
The Women's time trial of the 2014 Dutch National Time Trial Championships (NK tijdrijden 2014) will take place in Zaltbommel, the Netherlands, on 25 June 2014. It is the eighth time that Zaltbommel organizes the Dutch National Time Trial Championships. The last time was in 2009. Also Emmen showed interest to organizes the National Time Trial Championships, but will now be the host in 2015.

Ellen van Dijk is the defending champion, who won the national title at the 2013 Dutch National Time Trial Championships.

2009 Dutch National Time Trial Championships – Women's time trial
The Women's time trial of the 2009 Dutch National Time Trial Championships cycling event took place on 27 August 2009 in and around Zaltbommel, Netherlands. The competition was run over a 22.3 km flat course and the first rider started at 17:10. Riders started 1 minute apart from each other. 35 cyclists participated in the contest.

Regina Bruins won the time trial in a time of 29' 06.55", ahead of Kirsten Wild and Ellen van Dijk.
Action of 8 May 1941
The action of 8 May 1941 was a single ship action fought during the Second World War by the British heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall and the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) auxiliary cruiser Pinguin/Schiff 33 (Raider F to the Admiralty). The engagement took place in the Indian Ocean off the Seychelles archipelago, north of Madagascar. Pinguin caused slight damage to Cornwall, before its fire on Pinguin caused an explosion and sank it.

A British sailor was killed on Cornwall and about c. 200 of the 222 British and Indian Merchant Navy prisoners on Pinguin, captured from over thirty merchant vessels, were also killed. Of the crew of 401 men, 323 were killed and 60 were rescued along with 22 of the Merchant Navy prisoners. Cornwall returned to Durban for repairs until 10 June.

German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin
Pinguin was a German auxiliary cruiser (Hilfskreuzer) which served as a commerce raider in the Second World War. The Pinguin was known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and designated HSK 5.  The most successful commerce raider of the war, she was known to the British Royal Navy as Raider F. The name Pinguin means penguin in German.
Bekkersdal
Bekkersdal is a township situated 7 km east of Westonaria and 14 km south of Randfontein in the Gauteng province. It was established in 1945, to house Africans who worked in town and at the surrounding gold mines. In 1983 the township was granted municipal status. The township was the site of violent protests ahead of the general elections on 7 May 2014.

Randfontein
Randfontein is a gold mining town in the West Rand, Gauteng, South Africa, 40 km (25 mi) west of Johannesburg. With the Witwatersrand gold rush in full swing, mining financier JB Robinson bought the farm Randfontein and, in 1889, floated the Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company. The town was established in 1890 to serve the new mine and was administered by Krugersdorp until it became a municipality in 1929.: 292
Maebashi Athletic Stadium
Maebashi Athletic Stadium (前橋総合運動公園陸上競技・サッカー場, Maebashi Sōgō-undō-kōen Rikujōkyōgijō ・ sakkājō) is a combined athletic and football stadium in Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.

Since 2013, it has been the home of Tonan Maebashi.

Maebashi
Maebashi (前橋市, Maebashi-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ma.eꜜ.ba.ɕi, maꜜ.e-, ma.e.ba.ɕiꜜ.ɕi], locally [ma.e.ba.ɕi]) is the capital city of Gunma Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 335,352 in 151,171 households, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 311.59 km2 (120.31 sq mi).  It was the most populous city within Gunma Prefecture until Takasaki merged with nearby towns between 2006 and 2009. Maebashi is known to be the "City of Water, Greenery and Poets" because of its pure waters, its rich nature and because it gave birth to several Japanese contemporary poets, such as Sakutarō Hagiwara.
Ethoprophos
Ethoprophos (or ethoprop) is an organophosphate ester with the formula C8H19O2PS2. It is a clear yellow to colourless liquid that has a characteristic mercaptan-like odour. It is used as an insecticide and nematicide and it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) is a type of cholinesterase inhibitors, that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate. This increases both the level and duration of action of acetylcholine in the central nervous system, autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions, which are rich in acetylcholine receptors. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are one of two types of cholinesterase inhibitors; The other type is the butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitor.
Acetylcholinesterase is the primary member of the cholinesterase enzyme family.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible).
Thinsulate
Thinsulate is a brand of synthetic fiber thermal insulation used in winter clothing. The word is a portmanteau of the words thin and insulate, and is trademarked by 3M. The material is made by the 3M Corporation and was first sold in 1979. It was originally marketed as an inexpensive alternative to down; at the time, 3M claimed it was twice as warm as an equivalent amount of any natural material.

Originally designed for clothing, it later became popular as an acoustic damping material. In 1997, 3M generated US$150 million in annual revenue from the product. Its development originated from other microfibre products made by 3M. It has been used in US army clothing since the mid 1980s.

Synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibers or synthetic fibres (in British English; see spelling differences) are fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms, such as plants like cotton or fur from animals. They are the result of extensive research by scientists aimed at replicating naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets, forming a fiber. These are called synthetic or artificial fibers. The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek prefix 'poly,' which means 'many,' and the suffix 'mer,' which means 'single units'. (Note: each single unit of a polymer is called a monomer).
Zopfiaceae
The Zopfiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution, and appear to be saprobic, found largely on rhizomes and roots. Some species are found in marine environments.

Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum) causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens  and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Poincaré space
In algebraic topology, a Poincaré space is an n-dimensional topological space with a distinguished element μ of its nth homology group such that taking the cap product with an element of the kth cohomology group yields an isomorphism to the (n − k)th homology group.  The space is essentially one for which Poincaré duality is valid; more precisely, one whose singular chain complex forms a Poincaré complex with respect to the distinguished element μ.

For example, any closed, orientable, connected manifold M is a Poincaré space, where the distinguished element is the fundamental class

Poincaré spaces are used in surgery theory to analyze and classify manifolds. Not every Poincaré space is a manifold, but the difference can be studied, first by having a normal map from a manifold, and then via obstruction theory.

Fundamental class
In mathematics, the fundamental class is a homology class [M] associated to a connected orientable compact manifold of dimension n, which corresponds to the generator of the homology group  . The fundamental class can be thought of as the orientation of the top-dimensional simplices of a suitable triangulation of the manifold.
Theatre of Canada
Canada's contemporary theatre reflects a rich diversity of regional and cultural identities. Since the late 1960s, there has been a concerted effort to develop the voice of the 'Canadian playwright', which is reflected in the nationally focused programming of many of the country's theatres. Within this 'Canadian voice' are a plurality of perspectives - that of the First Nations, new immigrants, French Canadians, sexual minorities, etc. - and a multitude of theatre companies have been created to specifically service and support these voices.

St-Ambroise Montreal Fringe Festival
The St-Ambroise Montreal Fringe Festival is a festival that hosts fringe theatre, repertory, dance, music, and drag-queen performances in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The festival is held annually and lasts for 20 days in June. The festival was previously run by Jeremy Hechtman and Patrick Goddard, but Hechtman stepped down in 2010 after being in the position for 15 years. The festival has been run since 2011 by choreographer Amy Blackmore. McAuslan Brewing sponsors the St-Ambroise Montreal Fringe Festival and several other festivals in Montreal, including Pop Montreal, the Montreal World Film Festival, and the Fantasia Festival. The 2007 festival featured a mass fake marriage for theatre-goers at the beginning of the festival and then a corresponding mass fake divorce at the end symbolised by the eating of timbits.