hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowel management
Bowel management is the process which a person with a bowel disability uses to manage fecal incontinence or constipation. People who have a medical condition which impairs control of their defecation use bowel management techniques to choose a predictable time and place to evacuate. A simple bowel management technique might include diet control and establishing a toilet routine. As a more involved practice a person might use an enema to relieve themselves. Without bowel management, the person might either suffer from the feeling of not getting relief, or they might soil themselves.

Bowel control is often a challenge for children who are born with anomalies in their anus or rectum, Hirschsprung's disease, and/or spina bifida. Medical providers can help anyone with long term bowel problems to develop a routine in such cases to assist children in managing their bowels so that they can otherwise live normally.

Imperforate anus
An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed. ARMs are a spectrum of different congenital anomalies which vary from fairly minor lesions to complex anomalies. The cause of ARMs is unknown; the genetic basis of these anomalies is very complex because of their anatomical variability. In 8% of patients, genetic factors are clearly associated with ARMs. Anorectal malformation in Currarino syndrome represents the only association for which the gene HLXB9 has been identified.
2006–07 Celtic League
The 2006–07 Celtic League (known as the 2006–07 Magners League for sponsorship reasons) was the sixth Celtic League season and the first with Magners as title sponsor. The season commenced on 1 September and was completed on 12 May.

The teams competing remained the same as the previous season with four Irish provinces; Munster, Leinster, Connacht and 2005–06 champions Ulster, three Scottish regions; Edinburgh, Border Reivers and Glasgow Warriors and four Welsh regions; Llanelli Scarlets, Cardiff Blues, Ospreys and Newport Gwent Dragons.

The league was won for the second time in three seasons by the Ospreys, with a final-day win over the Borders, playing their last match, as the Scottish Rugby Union had announced that the Borders would not exist in the following season. Cardiff Blues finished second, making this the only season of the tournament (as of 2021) in which no Irish team made the top two of the United Rugby Championship and predecessor tournaments.

2007–08 EDF Energy Cup
The 2007–08 EDF Energy Cup was the 37th season of England's national rugby union cup competition, and the third to follow the recently adopted Anglo-Welsh format.

As in the previous two years, the competition is contested between the 12 teams of the Guinness Premiership and the four Welsh regions from the Celtic League. The 16 teams are arranged into four pools, with one Welsh and three English teams in each. Teams are randomly drawn into groups, as opposed to previous years when English sides were grouped according to proximity to one another. Each team plays the other team from their group only once, meaning that two teams in each group face two away games, whereas the other two teams have two home games.
John M. Bethea State Forest
John M. Bethea State Forest is a 37,736-acre state forest north of Sanderson, Florida, in northern Baker County near the Florida/Georgia border. It provides a wildlife corridor between the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and the Osceola National Forest. The area was acquired by the State of Florida in 2001, and was named after a member of the forestry department who served between 1970 and 1987.

Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge
The Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge is a 402,000‑acre (1,627 km2) National Wildlife Refuge located in Charlton, Ware, and Clinch Counties of Georgia, and Baker County in Florida, United States. The refuge is administered from offices in Folkston, Georgia. The refuge was established in 1937 to protect a majority of the 438,000 acres (1,770 km2) in the Okefenokee Swamp. The name "Okefenokee", often translated as "land of trembling earth", is likely derived from Hitchiti oki fanôːki ("bubbling water").

Nearly 400,000 people visit the refuge each year, making it the 16th most visited refuge in the National Wildlife Refuge System. It is the largest in acreage of any that is not located in a western state. In 1999, the economic impact of tourism in Charlton, Ware, and Clinch Counties in Georgia exceeded $67 million. The refuge has a staff of 16 with a fiscal year 2005 budget of $1,451,000. The refuge also administers the Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
Siphiwe Nyanda
General Siphiwe Nyanda SSA SBS CLS DMG MMS MMM (born 1950) is a former South African military commander and politician. He was a member of uMkhonto we Sizwe and served as Chief of the South African National Defence Force from 1998 to 2005, Minister of Communications from 2009 to 2010 and was appointment as a board member of Denel in May 2018.

Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies
The minister of communications and digital technologies (formerly minister of communications, minister of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting and minister of posts and yelecommunications) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, responsible for overseeing the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies.

In May 2014 President Jacob Zuma split the ministry by establishing the position of minister of telecommunications and postal services alongside the minister of communications. However, in a cabinet reshuffle in November 2018, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the reversal of the split, absorbing the telecommunications and postal services functions back into the Ministry of Communications. The respective departments did not merge until after the 2019 general election. After the election Ramaphosa renamed the office as the minister of communications and digital technologies.
Equality Pennsylvania
Equality Pennsylvania is an organization which advocates throughout the state of Pennsylvania for LGBT rights. Equality Pennsylvania also attempts to "advance LGBT-friendly policy and legislative initiatives". The organization is a member of the Equality Federation.

Equality Federation
Equality Federation is a social justice, advocacy and capacity building organization serving and supporting state-based lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBTQ) advocacy organizations in the United States.
GHKL domain
The GHKL domain (Gyrase, Hsp90, Histidine Kinase, MutL) is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. It is an ATPase domain found in several ATP-binding proteins such as histidine kinase, DNA gyrase B, topoisomerases, heat shock protein HSP90, phytochrome-like ATPases and DNA mismatch repair proteins.

More information about this protein can be found at Protein of the Month: DNA Topoisomerase.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Russian famine of 1921–1922
The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine (Russian: Голод в Поволжье 'Volga region famine'), was a severe famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic that began early in the spring of 1921 and lasted until 1922. The famine resulted from the combined effects of severe drought, the continued effects of World War I, economic disturbance from the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and failures in the government policy of war communism (especially prodrazvyorstka). It was exacerbated by rail systems that could not distribute food efficiently.

The famine killed an estimated five million people and primarily affected the Volga and Ural River regions. Many of the starving resorted to cannibalism. The outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and typhus were also contributing factors to famine casualties.

Prodrazverstka
Prodrazverstka, also transliterated prodrazvyorstka (Russian: продразвёрстка [prədrɐˈzvʲɵrstkə], short for продовольственная развёрстка, lit. 'food apportionment'), alternatively referred to in English as grain requisitioning, was a policy and campaign of confiscation of grain and other agricultural products from peasants at nominal fixed prices according to specified quotas (the noun razverstka, Russian: развёрстка, and the verb razverstat, refer to the partition of the requested total amount as obligations from the suppliers).

The term is commonly associated with war communism during the Russian Civil War when it was introduced by the Bolshevik government. However, the Bolsheviks borrowed the idea from the grain razverstka introduced in the Russian Empire in 1916 during World War I.
Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar is the name of several kings' sagas on the life of  Óláfr Tryggvason, a 10th-century Norwegian king.

Latin lives of Óláfr Tryggvason were written by Oddr Snorrason and by Gunnlaugr Leifsson; both are now lost, but are thought to have formed the basis of Old Norse sagas on his life including in the collection of texts referred to as Heimskringla by scholars. The longest is Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta (The Greatest Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason), found in the Flateyjarbók, Bergsbók, and other manuscripts.

Kings' sagas
Kings' sagas  (Icelandic: konungasögur, Nynorsk: kongesoger, -sogor, Bokmål: kongesagaer) are Old Norse sagas which principally tell of the lives of semi-legendary and legendary (mythological, fictional) Nordic kings, also known as saga kings. They were composed during the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries, primarily in Iceland, but with some written in Norway.

Kings' sagas frequently contain episodic stories known in scholarship as þættir, such as the Íslendingaþættir (about Icelanders), Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa, Hróa þáttr heimska, and Eymundar þáttr hrings (about people from elsewhere).
Huernia thuretii
Huernia thuretii is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Namibia and to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. A succulent, as Huernia thurettii it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Hungdah Chiu
Hungdah Chiu (Chinese: 丘宏達; pinyin: Qiū Hóngdá; March 23, 1936 – April 12, 2011) was a Taiwanese legal scholar. He was the president of the Association of Chinese Social Scientists in North America (1984–86) and president of the American Association for Chinese Studies (1985–87). From 1993 to 1994, he served as a minister without portfolio in the Executive Yuan. He was also the president of the International Law Association from 1998 to 2000.

University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (formerly University of Maryland School of Law from 1924 to 2011) is the law school of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. It is located in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1816, it is one of the oldest law schools in the United States.

The law school is fully accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). It is a member of the Association of American Law Schools and has a chapter of the Order of the Coif honor society.
Berry Castle, Huntshaw
50°58′45″N 4°08′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.9793°N 4.1457°W﻿ / 50.9793; -4.1457

Berry Castle is an Iron Age Hill fort in the civil parish of Huntshaw, close to Weare Giffard in Devon, England, to the north of Great Torrington.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Waldshut (electoral district)
Waldshut is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 288. It is located in southwestern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the Waldshut district and the eastern part of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district.

Waldshut was created for the 1965 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Felix Schreiner of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Waldshut (district)
Waldshut (German pronunciation: [ˌvalt͡sˈhuːt]) is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighbouring districts are (clockwise from the west) Lörrach, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Schwarzwald-Baar; followed in the south by the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen, Zürich and Aargau.
Teuchestes fossor
Teuchestes fossor is a species of dung beetle native to the Palaearctic, but is also widespread in North America following accidental introduction and naturalisation during European settlement. Both adults and larvae are coprophagous, differentiating resource use by respectively feeding on the liquid and fibrous fractions of herbivore dung.  It can be readily collected from the dung of livestock, and other large mammals This species is known to support a number of key ecosystem services in cattle pastures.

Teuchestes fossor was formerly a member of the genus Aphodius.

Aphodius
Aphodius is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. In most species both the adults and larvae are coprophagous (dung feeding) although some species have herbivorous or saprophagous larvae. Aphodius species typically dominate dung beetle communities in north temperate ecosystems. Most species are functionally classified as endocoprids, also known as dwellers, because the larvae live and feed within the dung pat itself.

With a discovery of an earlier published version by Hellwig, the correct citation for this genus is now: Aphodius Hellwig, 1798 (p. 101; 24 January). Type species by subsequent designation by Latreille (1810): Scarabaeus fimetarius Linnaeus, 1758.
Idente Missionaries
The Institute Id of Christ the Redeemer, Idente Missionaries, is a Catholic religious institute of consecrated life founded by Fernando Rielo in 1959 on the island of Tenerife, Spain. The congregation has religious men and women, as well as married missionaries.

Institute of consecrated life
An institute of consecrated life is an association of faithful in the Catholic Church canonically erected by competent church authorities to enable men or women who publicly profess the evangelical counsels by religious vows or other sacred bonds "through the charity to which these counsels lead to be joined to the Church and its mystery in a special way." They are defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 573–730. The Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life has ecclesiastical oversight of institutes of consecrated life.

The more numerous form of these are religious institutes, which are characterized by the public profession of vows, life in common as brothers or sisters, and a degree of separation from the world. They are defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law under canons 607–709. The other form is that of secular institutes, in which the members live in the world, and work for the sanctification of the world from within.
2018 Irish presidential election
The 2018 Irish presidential election took place on Friday, 26 October, between 7.00 a.m. and 10.00 p.m. President Michael D. Higgins, who was elected in 2011 with the support of the Labour Party, was seeking re-election to a second term as an independent. This was the first time since the 1966 election that an incumbent president faced a contest for a second term. Higgins was re-elected on the first count with nearly 56% of the vote, becoming the first president since Éamon de Valera to win a second term in a contested election (Seán T. O'Kelly in 1952, Patrick Hillery in 1983 and Mary McAleese in 2004 had been re-elected unopposed). He was inaugurated for his second term on 11 November.

The election was held on the same date as a referendum on blasphemy.

2004 Irish presidential election
The 2004 Irish presidential election was the twelfth presidential election held in Ireland. The poll for the election was scheduled to be held on Friday, 22 October 2004. However, nominations closed at noon on 1 October and the incumbent president, Mary McAleese, who had nominated herself in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, was the only candidate nominated. Accordingly, she was re-elected for a second seven-year term of office without the need to hold a poll. This was the third time a president was returned unopposed, following Seán T. O'Kelly in 1952, and Patrick Hillery in 1983. McAleese was inaugurated for her second term on Thursday, 11 November 2004.
Ligand bond number
Ligand bond number (LBN) represents the effective total number of ligands or ligand attachment points surrounding a metal center, labeled M.  More simply, it represents the  number of coordination sites occupied on the metal.  Based on the covalent bond classification method (from where LBN is derived), the equation for determining ligand bond number is as follows:

LBN = L + X + Z

Where L represents the number of neutral ligands adding two electrons to the metal center (typically lone electron pairs, pi-bonds and sigma bonds. Most encountered ligands will fall under this category. X represents covalent-bonding ligands such as halogen anions. Z represents, though rarely encountered electron accepting ligands or dative bond forming ligands. The ligand bond number convention is most commonly encountered within inorganic chemistry and it's related fields organometallic chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry.

Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in which each of two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases.

The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding.
Picrosia
Picrosia is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Picrosia cabreriana A.G.Schulz - Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Amambay), Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Misiones)

Picrosia longifolia D.Don - northern + southern Argentina, Chile (Tarapaca), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Presudente Hayes, San Pedro), Uruguay (Montevideo), Peru (Lima), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)

Cichorieae
The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Cichorieae all have milky latex and flowerheads that only contain one type of floret. The genera Gundelia and Warionia only have disk florets, while all other genera only have ligulate florets. The genera that contain most species are Taraxacum (Crepidinae subtribe) with about 1,600 apomictic species, Hieracium with about 770 sexually reproducing and 5,200 apomictic species, and Pilosella with 110 sexually reproducing and 700 apomictic species (both Hieraciinae). Well-known members include lettuce, chicory, dandelion, and salsify.
2022 Derry Senior Hurling Championship
The 2022 Derry Senior Hurling Championship was the 77th staging of the Derry Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Derry County Board in 1887. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 29 June 2022.

Slaughtneil entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a 10th consecutive title.

The final was played on 25 September 2022 at the Owenbeg Centre of Excellence, between Slaughtneil and Kevin Lynch's in what was their eight meeting in the final overall and a fourth successive meeting. Slaughtneil won the match by 2–18 to 1–08 to claim their 16th championship title overall and a 10th title in succession.

Derry Senior Hurling Championship
The Derry Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Derry GAA clubs. The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1887.

Slaughtneil are the title holders, defeating Kevin Lynch's  in the Final in October 2025 to win their thirteenth title in a row.
Paris Courthouse Square Historic District
The Paris Courthouse Square Historic District, in Paris, Kentucky, is a 4 acres (1.6 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.  The listing included 21 contributing buildings.

It includes:

Bourbon County Courthouse (1902–05), designed by Frank P. Milburn, which is separately listed on the National Register

Duncan Tavern, which is separately listed on the National Register

The Memorial Building (1859), which served as a bank and residence until 1884, and later served World War I veterans and others

Teen Square (1960s), a one-story brick building

Ewalt Building (c.1840), a Greek Revival townhouse

It includes Italianate and other architecture.

The entire district was included in the 1989-listed Downtown Paris Historic District.

Paris, Kentucky
Paris is a home rule–class city in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and the county seat. It lies 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Lexington on the Stoner Fork of the Licking River. It is part of the Lexington–Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2020, it had a population of 10,171.