hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruinenberg
The Ruinenberg is a hill in the Bornstedt borough of Potsdam, located north of Sanssouci Park. In 1748, the Prussian king Frederick the Great had a water tank with a capacity of around 7,600 cubic metres (270,000 cu ft) built on top to supply the Sanssouci water features, and had it decorated with artificial ruins. From 1841 a surrounding landscape garden was laid out at the behest of King Frederick William IV of Prussia, according to plans designed by Peter Joseph Lenné.

Bornstedt (Potsdam)
Bornstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔʁnʃtɛt]) is a borough of Potsdam, Germany. Located north of Sanssouci Park and the Orangery Palace, it is known for the Bornstedt Crown Estate, former residence of Princess Royal Victoria, and the Bornstedt Cemetery with numerous tombs of famous personages.
New Jersey Wildcats
The New Jersey Wildcats is an American women's soccer team, founded by Vincent Baldino in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States and Canada. The team played in the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference against the D.C. United Women, New Jersey Rangers, Long Island Rough Riders, New York Magic, and North Jersey Valkyries.

As of April 2018, the Wildcats have merged their teams with Princeton Soccer Association to create the PSA Wildcats. In addition to the merge, the Wildcats have joined the WPSL, playing in the East Region (Metropolitan Conference) alongside SUSA FC, New York Athletic Club, Rhode Island Rogues, and  Long Island Fury, as of the 2019 WPSL season.
The team currently plays its home games in the stadium at Woodbridge High School in Woodbridge, New Jersey. The club's colors are white and blue.

North Jersey Valkyries
North Jersey Valkyries was an American women's soccer team, founded in 2009 based in Wayne, New Jersey, United States. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League and United Women's Soccer.

The team's home field was on the grounds of DePaul Catholic High School. They played their last season in 2016 as the TSF Academy Valkyries,
The Seattle Times Company
The Seattle Times Company is a privately owned publisher of daily and weekly newspapers in the U.S. state of Washington. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 1896, the company is in its fourth generation of control by the Blethen family as of 2022.

Alden J. Blethen founded the company in 1896, and kept ownership of it in his family, until his son sold a minority stake of 49.5% the company to Knight Ridder. McClatchy now owns the share. Frank A. Blethen, Alden's great-grandson, is the chief executive officer and chairman of the company.

McClatchy
McClatchy Media Company, also known as McClatchy, is an American publishing company incorporated under Delaware's General Corporation Law. Originally based in Sacramento, California, United States, and known as The McClatchy Company, it became a subsidiary of Chatham Asset Management, headquartered in Chatham Borough, New Jersey, as a result of its 2020 bankruptcy.

The company operates 29 daily newspapers in 14 states and has an average weekday circulation of 1.6 million and Sunday circulation of 2.4 million. In 2006, it purchased Knight Ridder, which at the time was the second-largest newspaper company in the United States. In 2024, McClatchy merged with A360media.

McClatchy journalists have also won nine Pulitzer prizes in their 159-year history, most recently in 2017 for an article on the Panama Papers. They were also finalists in 2015 for articles on government efforts to hide Bush-era CIA Enhanced interrogation techniques.
Boukoleon Palace
The Palace of Boukoleon (Greek: Βουκολέων) or Bucoleon was one of the Byzantine palaces in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul in Turkey). The palace is located on the shore of the Sea of Marmara, to the south of the Hippodrome and east of the Little Hagia Sophia.

Hippodrome of Constantinople
The Hippodrome of Constantinople (Greek: Ἱππόδρομος τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, romanized: Hippódromos tēs Kōnstantinoupóleōs; Latin: Circus Maximus Constantinopolitanus; Turkish: Hipodrom) was a circus that was the sporting and social centre of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. Today it is a square in Istanbul, Turkey, known as Sultanahmet Square (Turkish: Sultanahmet Meydanı).

The word hippodrome comes from the Greek hippos (ἵππος), horse, and dromos (δρόμος), path or way. For this reason, it is sometimes also called Atmeydanı ("Horse Square") in Turkish. Horse racing and chariot racing were popular pastimes in the ancient world and hippodromes were common features of Greek cities in the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine eras.
Upper Street (group)
Upper Street were a UK boy band formed in 2006 from the MTV-produced reality television series Totally Boyband. The members of the group were all ex-members of other groups. They were Dane Bowers of Another Level, Jimmy Constable of 911, Bradley McIntosh of S Club 7, and Danny Wood of New Kids on the Block. Lee Latchford-Evans of Steps was also originally in the line-up, but left due to conflict within the group. Their only single, "The One" was released in the United Kingdom on 23 October 2006 by Concept Records.

Despite the group's confidence that it would place in the top 10, the single entered the charts on 29 October 2006, at number 35. Teletext's Planet Sound reported on 6 November 2006, that the group had split up after confrontation with their record company.

Another Level (group)
Another Level is an English soul and R&B-influenced boy band that formed in 1997 originally consisting of Mark Baron, Dane Bowers, Bobak Kianoush and Wayne Williams. They achieved seven top ten singles, including the band's only number one single "Freak Me" in 1998.

In 2013, the band were about to reunite for the ITV2 documentary The Big Reunion; however, Williams and Baron chose not to take part in the show. Bowers was the only member to take part in the show and joined the supergroup 5th Story along with Kenzie from Blazin' Squad and former soloists Adam Rickitt, Kavana and Gareth Gates.

According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Another Level has been certified for sales of 400,000 albums and 1 million singles in the UK.
Erwin v. State
Erwin v. State, 29 Ohio St. 186, 199 (1876), is a criminal case in which the court rejected the duty to retreat when using deadly force in self-defense.: 551  The court wrote that a faultless "true man" would not retreat.

Using "famous language",: 551  the court wrote:

"The law, out of tenderness for human life and the frailty of human nature, will not permit the taking of it to repel mere trespass, or even to save a life where the assault is provoked; but a true man who is without fault is not obliged to fly from an assailant, who by violence of surprise maliciously seeks to take his life or do him enormous bodily harm."

Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
José Mouzinho
José Mouzinho d'Albuquerque (27 December 1885 – 8 August 1965) was a Portuguese horse rider. He competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1924, Mouzinho and his horse Hetrugo won the bronze medal as part of the Portuguese show jumping team, after finishing 17th in the individual jumping competition. Four years later, he and his horse Hebraico finished sixth as part of the Portuguese show jumping team, after finishing 19th in the individual jumping competition.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
2018–19 European Rugby Challenge Cup
The 2018–19 European Rugby Challenge Cup is the fifth edition of the European Rugby Challenge Cup, an annual second-tier rugby union competition for professional clubs. Including the predecessor competition, the original European Challenge Cup, this is the 23rd edition of European club rugby's second-tier competition. Clubs from five of the nations that participate in the Six Nations Championship (Scotland being the only exception), along with club-sides from Romania and Russia, are competing.

The first round of the group stage began on 12 October 2018, and the competition will end with the final on 10 May 2019 in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. This will be the second time the final will be held in England in the era of the current Challenge Cup, and the 12th including finals of the original Challenge Cup.

2017–18 European Rugby Continental Shield
The 2017–18 European Rugby Continental Shield is a rugby union competition, organised by European Professional Club Rugby, Rugby Europe and the Federazione Italiana Rugby, for entry into the European Rugby Challenge Cup.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K, MEK, MAPKK) is a dual-specificity kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).

MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2.

There are seven genes:

MAP2K1 (a.k.a. MEK1)

MAP2K2 (a.k.a. MEK2)

MAP2K3 (a.k.a. MKK3)

MAP2K4 (a.k.a. MKK4)

MAP2K5 (a.k.a. MKK5)

MAP2K6 (a.k.a. MKK6)

MAP2K7 (a.k.a. MKK7)

The activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK6), JNK (MKK4 and MKK7), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways. The acronym MEK derives from MAPK/ERK Kinase.

MAP2K3
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K3 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is activated by mitogenic and environmental stress, and participates in the MAP kinase-mediated signaling cascade. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK14/p38-MAPK. This kinase can be activated by insulin, and is necessary for the expression of glucose transporter. Expression of RAS oncogene is found to result in the accumulation of the active form of this kinase, which thus leads to the constitutive activation of MAPK14, and confers oncogenic transformation of primary cells. The inhibition of this kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene.
Voznesenovskoye mine
The Voznesenovskoye mine is a large mine located in the southern part of Russia in Primorsky Krai in the Khorolsky District. Voznesenovskoye represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Russia having estimated reserves of 17.2 million tonnes of ore grading 0.012% tantalum.

Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is named after Tantalus, a figure in Greek mythology. Tantalum is a very hard, ductile, lustrous, blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element, along with vanadium and niobium, and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite, columbite, and coltan.

The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces. It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers. It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.
Lost Cause Motors
Lost Cause Motors was an American automobile manufacturer, based in Louisville, Kentucky from 1963 to 1964. Its founder, Charles P. Farmsley, had previously been mayor of Louisville and worked at the coachbuilding company Derham Body Company in Rosemont, Pennsylvania.

Derham Body Company
Derham Body Company of Philadelphia was a custom coachbuilding company founded by Irish wheelwright Joseph Derham (1865–1928) in 1887 to make carriages. As automobiles became more popular their clientele asked Derham to provide bodies for their cars. It was claimed only New York's Brewster had a similar reputation.

Following World War II Derham's business steadily declined. Most competitors had already been destroyed by the Great Depression. After the retirement of the last of the founder's sons in 1971 the entire premises were used as a Ferrari dealership.
34th International Film Festival of India
The 34th International Film Festival of India was held from 9–19 October 2003 in New Delhi. The competitive edition was restricted to Asian Directors and Neelam Kapur was the festival director. Veteran actor Kamal Haasan was the chief guest.

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
Low-temperature technology timeline
The following is a timeline of low-temperature technology and cryogenic technology (refrigeration down to close to absolute zero, i.e. –273.15 °C, −459.67 °F or 0 K). It also lists important milestones in thermometry, thermodynamics, statistical physics and calorimetry, that were crucial in development of low temperature systems.

Vacuum flask
A vacuum flask (also known as a Dewar flask, Dewar bottle or thermos) is an insulating storage vessel that slows the speed at which its contents change in temperature.  It greatly lengthens the time over which its contents remain hotter or cooler than the flask's surroundings by trying to be as adiabatic as possible. Invented by James Dewar in 1892, the vacuum flask consists of two flasks, placed one within the other and joined at the neck. The gap between the two flasks is partially evacuated of air, creating a near-vacuum which significantly reduces heat transfer by conduction or convection. When used to hold cold liquids, this also virtually eliminates condensation on the outside of the flask.

Vacuum flasks are used domestically to keep contents inside hot or cold for extended periods of time. They are also used for thermal cooking. Vacuum flasks are also used for many purposes in industry.
Federation of General Unions of National Education
The Federation of General Unions of National Education (French: Fédération des syndicats généraux de l'Éducation nationale, SGEN) is a trade union representing education workers in France.

The union was founded in October 1937, by Guy Raynaud de Lage, François Henry and Paul Vignaux.  Despite being a secular union, it decided to join the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC), in preference to the secular but left-wing General Confederation of Labour (CGT).  The union argued that the CFTC should also become a secular organisation, and this was achieved in 1964, when the majority of the federation became the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.

By 1995, the union claimed 40,700 members, but by 2017, this had fallen to 24,952.

French Confederation of Christian Workers
The French Confederation of Christian Workers (French: Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens; CFTC) is one of the five major French confederation of trade unions, belonging to the social Christian tradition.

It was founded in 1919 as the Trade Union of Employees of Industry and Commerce under the inspiration of Exupérien Mas with the goal of safeguarding the material as well as the spiritual interests of its members. In 1964, the union split, a majority founding the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT), a non-confessional trade-union.

The CFTC is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation and the European Trade Union Confederation. Its leader is Jacques Voisin.
Emblem of Uttar Pradesh
The Emblem of Uttar Pradesh is the official seal of the government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The emblem was originally designed in 1916 for the then United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and continued in use following Indian Independence in 1947.

Rampur State
Rampur State was a 15 gun-salute princely state of British India. Following the Rohilla defeat in the First Rohilla War, the British would establish the state, and install Faizullah Khan as its first Nawab. The state's capital was Rampur, and its total area was 945 sq miles.

Following independence in 1947, Rampur State acceded to India. It was merged into the United Provinces, which would later become Uttar Pradesh.
2012 Classic Powerlifting World Championships
The 2012 Classic Powerlifting World Championships (also called the World Classic Powerlifting Cup) were held in Stockholm, Sweden from 12 to 17 June 2012 featuring 168 athletes across 31 countries.

This was the first edition of the IPF Powerlifting World Championships that was held in classic (raw) format.

IPF Powerlifting World Championships
The Powerlifting World Championships is the main international event for the powerlifting sport. These are conducted on behalf of the sport's governing body, International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) by an affiliated national federation.
The Silent Service
The Silent Service (Japanese: 沈黙の艦隊, Hepburn: Chinmoku no Kantai) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kaiji Kawaguchi. It was published in Kodansha's Weekly Morning manga magazine from 1988 to 1996 and collected in 32 tankōbon volumes.

The series was adapted into an anime television special and original video animation (OVA) series by Sunrise. The special was released in North America by Central Park Media. A live-action film adaptation premiered in Japanese theaters in September 2023 and a sequel, titled The Silent Service: The Battle of Arctic Ocean, premiered in September 2025.

In 1990, The Silent Service won the 14th Kodansha Manga Award for the general manga category. It has over 25 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
St. Mary Assumpta Cathedral, Tanjung Selor
St. Mary Assumpta Cathedral (Indonesian: Katedral St. Maria Assumpta), also known simply as Tanjung Selor Cathedral, is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjung Selor in Tanjung Selor, Bulungan,  Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo in Indonesia.

The parish was created in 1996, and elevated to cathedral with the erection of the diocese in 2001 via the bull Ad aptius Consulendum of Pope John Paul II. The church, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, was blessed by the representative of the Holy See, the apostolic nuncio Monsignor Antonio Guido Filipazzi, on February 5, 2012.

Tanjung Selor
Tanjung Selor is the capital of both the North Kalimantan province in Indonesia, and of the Bulungan Regency. It is among those provincial capitals in Indonesia that as of 2025 does not yet have city status, together with Mamuju in West Sulawesi, Sofifi in North Maluku, Nabire in Central Papua, Wamena in Highland Papua, Salor in South Papua, and Manokwari in West Papua. The district has an area of 677.77 km2 and had a population of 39,439 at the 2010 Census  and 56,569 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 62,111 (comprising 32,443 males and 29,668 females), while the mid 2024 estimate was 69,515.

Tanjung Selor was formally established as an administrative district (kecamatan) within Bulungan, after being separated from Tanjung Palas District, on 15 August 2002.
Larsenaikia
Larsenaikia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Gardenieae of the family Rubiaceae. Its native range is Eastern and Northern Australia.

It contains three species — L. jardinei, L. ochreata, and L. suffruticosa — formerly classified in Gardenia, and possibly belonging to Kailarsenia.

Larsenaikia is a taxonomic anagram derived from the name of the confamilial genus Kailarsenia. The latter name is a taxonomic patronym honoring Kai Larsen, professor of botany at Århus University, Denmark.

Gardenia
Gardenia is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar, Pacific Islands, and Australia.

The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis after Alexander Garden (1730–1791), a Scottish naturalist. The type species is Gardenia jasminoides, as first published by Ellis in 1761.
Apple II graphics
Apple II graphics debuted on the original Apple II in 1977 and were used throughout the computer series of the same name. There is a 16 color 40 × 48 mode (low res) and a 280 × 192 mode (high res) where visuals are dependent on artifact color. Both modes can optionally have four lines of text at the bottom, reducing the vertical resolution. The Apple IIe adds "double" versions of each of these, most prominently "double high-resolution" with twice the horizontal resolution in 16 colors. Internally, Apple II graphics modes are idiosyncratic and do not use a linear frame buffer.

The graphics modes introduced with the 1986 Apple IIGS split from those of previous Apple II models and have more in common with the Atari ST and Amiga.

D-subminiature
The D-subminiature or D-sub is a common type of electrical connector. They are named for their characteristic D-shaped metal shield. When they were introduced, D-subs were among the smallest connectors used on computer systems.
Sperwill 2+
The Sperwill 2+ is a British paramotor that was designed by Riann Oliver and produced by Sperwill Ltd of Bristol for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.