hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defected ground structure
In printed circuit board manufacturing, a defected ground structure (DGS) is a purposefully-created defect on the ground plane of a printed microstrip board. It is typically created in the form of an etched-out pattern on the ground plane. DGS is a simplified form of an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. This EBG is a periodic pattern featuring a band-stop property in microstrip transmission line and circuit applications, but the DGS comprises a single defect or a very limited number of defects with periodic/aperiodic configurations.

Ground plane
In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground. Ground planes are typically made of copper or aluminum, and they are often located on the bottom of printed circuit boards (PCBs).

The term has two different meanings in separate areas of electrical engineering.

In antenna theory, a ground plane is a conducting surface large in comparison to the wavelength, such as the Earth, which is connected to the transmitter's ground wire and serves as a reflecting surface for radio waves.

In printed circuit boards, a ground plane is a large area of copper foil on the board which is connected to the power supply ground terminal and serves as a return path for current from different components on the board.
Canadian Folk Music Award for Contemporary Singer of the Year
The Canadian Folk Music Award for Contemporary Singer of the Year is an annual music award, presented by the Canadian Folk Music Awards to honour the best vocal performances in contemporary folk music by Canadian artists.

Canadian Folk Music Awards
The Canadian Folk Music Awards are an annual music awards ceremony presenting awards in a variety of categories for achievements in both traditional and contemporary folk music, and other roots music genres, by Canadian musicians.

The awards program was created in 2005 by a group of independent label representatives, folk music presenters, artists, and enthusiasts to celebrate and promote Canadian folk music.
Alichen
Alichen is a town in Mokokchung district of Nagaland state in India. It is situated at the country side South of Mokokchung Town. It is the headquarters of the 2nd Battalion of the Nagaland Armed Police. 2001 census figures put the town's population at 4403 with 880 households. The number of children below the age of five is 572. Alichen Town  is part of the Urban Station agglomeration.

Mokokchung
Mokokchung (/ˌməʊkɒktʃʌŋ/) is a municipality in the Mokokchung District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It serves as the district headquarters as well as the main urban hub of Mokokchung District. Mokokchung is the cultural nerve centre of the Ao people and is economically and politically the most important urban centre in northern Nagaland. The town is made up of 16 wards, of which Kumlong, Sangtemla, Alempang and Yimyu are the largest.
2024–25 Frauen-Regionalliga West
The 2024–25 season of the Frauen-Regionalliga West was the 21st season of the top league of Western German Football Association in women's football. The 2024–25 Regionalliga West was one of the five regional leagues that serve as the third-tier women's league in Germany.

The 2024–25 season started on 22 August 2024 with an advance first matchday Cologne derby between Vorwärts Spoho Köln and 1. FC Köln II.

Frauen-Regionalliga
The Frauen-Regionalliga is the third tier of German women's association football. The Frauen-Regionalliga is made up of five separate leagues. Until 2017, the champion of each league was promoted to the 2. Frauen-Bundesliga for the next season, so were the winners of two promotion groups in 2018. From 2021 to 2024, the Regionalliga Süd champion and two winners of promotion play-offs have qualified for next season's 2. Bundesliga. All five league champions will earn promotion in 2025, with the play-offs expected to return in 2026.
Mount Olive, Washington County, Arkansas
Mount Olive is an unincorporated community in Richland Township in eastern Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is located on Mount Olive Road, east of Elkins and the Mount Olive Cemetery is about one quarter mile west of the Washington-Madison county line.

Elkins, Arkansas
Elkins is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located in the Boston Mountains, deep in the Ozark Mountains. A combination of the former unincorporated communities of Harris and Hood, Elkins was established in 1964.

Located immediately east of Fayetteville in the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan statistical area, Elkins had a population of 3,602 as of the 2020 census.
Namalata
Namalata (Fijian pronunciation: [namalata]) is a village and island in Fiji. It is located in the southern portion of the Vanua Balavu island group, part of Fiji's Lau Islands. The village is a constituent of the larger Lomaloma village.

The people of Namalata descend from the original inhabitants of Mago Island, who were displaced in the nineteenth century.

Lau Islands
The Lau Islands (also called the Lau Group, the Eastern Group, the Eastern Archipelago) of Fiji are situated in the southern Pacific Ocean, just east of the Koro Sea. Of this chain of about sixty islands and islets, about thirty are inhabited.  The Lau Group covers a land area of 188 square miles (487 square km), and had a population of 10,683 at the most recent census in 2007.  While most of the northern Lau Group are high islands of volcanic origin, those of the south are mostly carbonate low islands.

Administratively the islands belong to Lau Province.
Inez Carrasquillo
Inez Carrasquillo (born 14 February 1994) is a Puerto Rican-American strongwoman competitor and tech industry professional.

Known for her prowess in overhead lifts, she holds women's log lift record in strongwoman with 145.5 kg (321 lb).

Arnold Strongwoman Classic
The Arnold Strongwoman Classic (previously known as: Arnold Pro Strongwoman) is an annual competition featuring strongwomen athletes from around the world, meant for determining who is the strongest woman in the world. It was created by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jim Lorimer and Terry Todd in 2002 initially for men, and extended by Jan Todd for women in 2017 as an offshoot of the Arnold Sports Festival. The competition takes place annually in Columbus, Ohio.

In 2023, the competition was officially renamed the "Arnold Strongwoman Classic" in parallel to its male counterpart, the Arnold Strongman Classic.
Esau (judge royal)
Esau (Hungarian: Ézsau) was a lord in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Judge royal between 1197 and 1198, during the reign of Emeric, King of Hungary.

According to historian Attila Zsoldos he is not identical with his contemporary namesake, who functioned as Palatine of Hungary at the same time, from 1197 to 1198. Judge royal Esau also held the office of ispán of Csanád County between 1197 and 1198. Furthermore, non-authentic charters also propose that Esau was already Judge royal since 1193–1195, which data does not conflict with reliable sources.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
Platino Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Platino Award for Best Supporting Actor (Spanish: Premio Platino al mejor actor de reparto/Premio Platino a la mejor interpretación masculina de reparto) is one of the Platino Awards, Ibero-America's film awards presented annually by the Entidad de Gestión de Derechos de los Productores Audiovisuales (EGEDA) and the Federación Iberoamericana de Productores Cinematográficos y Audiovisuales (FIPCA).

Platino Awards
The Platino Awards, known in Spanish as Premios Platino del Cine Iberoamericano ('Platinum Prizes of Ibero-American Cinema'), are Ibero-America's annual film awards.

The awards were established in 2013, and the first awards ceremony took place on 5 April 2014 at the Teatro Anayasi, Panama City. The ceremony continues to take place annually between April and July, and awards are given to films produced during the previous year.

The award itself is a platinum figure with the shape of a woman offering the world with Latin America's map on the center, it was created by designer Javier Mariscal.
HCT Group
HCT Group was a social enterprise providing transport services and community services in several areas of the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1982 as Hackney Community Transport in the London Borough of Hackney, to provide transport services for local voluntary organisations, charities, and community groups. HCT Group was registered as a company limited by guarantee (and therefore had no shareholders). The company was also a registered charity.

By 2014, HCT Group had a fleet of 500 vehicles, turnover of £43.7 million, and employed over 700. The company expanded into several areas of England and the Channel Islands through a series of acquisitions in 2017 and 2018, but after financial difficulties following the COVID-19 pandemic, the HCT Group ceased trading and entered administration in September 2022 after disposing of all its commercial bus services.

Minibus
A minibus, microbus, minicoach, or short bus is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying van or panel truck. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although low floor minibuses are particularly common in Japan.
Wimbledon Traincare Depot
The Wimbledon Traincare Depot is a traction maintenance depot in England operated by South Western Railway. The depot is adjacent to the South West Main Line, located between Wimbledon and Earlsfield stations. The depot is one of the busiest in the country, with an average of 250 carriages maintained there each night.

South West Main Line
The South West Main Line (SWML) is a 143-mile (230 km) major railway line between Waterloo station in central London and Weymouth on the south coast of England. A predominantly passenger line, it serves many commuter areas including south western suburbs of London and the conurbations based on Southampton and Bournemouth. It runs through the counties of Surrey, Hampshire and Dorset. It forms the core of the network built by the London and South Western Railway, today mostly operated by South Western Railway.

Operating speeds on much of the line are relatively high, with long stretches cleared for up to 100 mph (160 km/h) running. The line has four tracks for most of its length between Waterloo and Worting Junction, south west of Basingstoke; most of the rest is double track. A couple of miles from the Waterloo terminus, the line runs briefly alongside the Brighton Main Line west branch out of London Victoria, including through Clapham Junction.
Masal tchot
Masal Tchot (Kashmiri pronunciation: [masaːlɨ t͡soʈ]), is a traditional Kashmiri street food wrap consisting of Lavash bread served with boiled chickpeas and a radish-yogurt chutney. It is particularly popular throughout the Kashmir.

Masal Tchot is a historic Kashmiri street food, traditionally popular among locals for its portability and nutritional value.

Lavash
Lavash (Armenian: լավաշ; Persian: لواش, romanized: lavâš) is a thin flatbread usually leavened, traditionally baked in a tandoor (tonir or tanoor) or on a sajj, and common to the cuisines of South Caucasus, West Asia, and the areas surrounding the Caspian Sea. Lavash is one of the most widespread types of bread in Armenia. The traditional recipe can be adapted to the modern kitchen by using a griddle or wok instead of the tonir.

In 2014, "Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia" was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. In 2016, the making and sharing of flatbread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey was inscribed on the list as well. Lavash is similar to yufka, but in Turkish cuisine lavash (lavaş) is prepared with a yeast dough while yufka is typically unleavened.
Westmoore High School
Westmoore High School is an American four-year public high school located in south Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The school was founded in 1988 and serves the ninth through the twelfth grades as part of the Moore Public School District. Westmoore was the second high school in the district after Moore High School. Southmoore High School, which opened in the 2008–2009 academic year, is the third.

On May 3, 1999, tornadoes severely damaged the campus, and its auditorium, and a nearby elementary school. The remainder of the school year for the approximately 2,000 students was finished at Oklahoma City Community College.

Academically, Westmoore offers a program in which 11th or 12th grade students may apply to take morning or afternoon courses as offered at Moore Norman Technology Center. Seventeen Advanced Placement courses are offered by Westmoore in several topics including AP Music Theory,  AP Studio Art, and AP Psychology.

Moore High School (Oklahoma)
Moore High School is a four-year public high school located in Moore, Oklahoma, a suburb south of Oklahoma City. The school is led by one head principal and five class principals. Moore High School opened in 1920 and serves grades 9-12. It is the only high school that serves the east side of Moore.

Moore offers a program in which 11th or 12th-grade students may apply to take morning or afternoon courses as offered at Moore Norman Technology Center. Twenty-seven Advanced Placement courses are offered by MHS in several topics including AP Music Theory, AP Studio Art, and AP Psychology.
Singapore Sailing Federation
The Singapore Sailing Federation (Abbreviation: SSF; Chinese: 新加坡帆船协会), also known as SingaporeSailing, is the National Sports Association (NSA) responsible for the management and organisation of the sport of sailing in Singapore.

The Federation works closely with Sport Singapore, on various fronts and adheres to the various rules and regulations required by Sport Singapore for NSAs. SingaporeSailing works with various clubs and affiliates in Singapore and also the Singapore National Olympic Council (SNOC) and World Sailing on the high performance front.

The Federation is currently headed by Lincoln Chee and it is headquartered at the National Sailing Centre in East Coast Park.

Singapore National Olympic Council
The Singapore National Olympic Council (SNOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the Republic of Singapore. It was founded in 1947 as the Singapore Olympic and Sports Council (SOSC) before renaming to its current iteration in 1970.

The SNOC is responsible for supporting, entering and overseeing Team Singapore for the Olympic Games, Youth Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, Winter Youth Olympic Games, SEA Games, Asian Games, Asian Youth Games and the Commonwealth Games.

The SNOC is currently headed by Grace Fu, who was elected on 5 January following the resignation of former President Tan Chuan Jin.
1998 Clásico RCN
The 38th edition of the annual Clásico RCN, a bicycle stage race, was held from August 14 to August 23, 1998, in Colombia. The race with an UCI rate of 2.4 started in Barrancabermeja and finished in Bogotá with an individual time trial. RCN stands for "Radio Cadena Nacional" – one of the oldest and largest radio networks in the nation. There were a total of 95 competitors from 13 teams, with 81 cyclists actually finishing the stage race.

Clásico RCN
The Clásico RCN (Spanish for RCN Classic) is an annual cycling road race that takes place over many stages through different regions of Colombia during October. It is organized by the Colombian Cycling Federation.

The event is sponsored by Radio Cadena Nacional, which is one of the oldest and largest radio networks in Colombia, and by a network of Colombian business in Medellín "Empresas Públicas de Medellín". The Clásico RCN and the Vuelta a Colombia are the most important stage races in Colombia.
Nagcarlan Church
San Bartolome Apostol Parish Church, also known as Saint Bartholomew the Apostle Parish Church, is a Roman Catholic church in Nagcarlan, Laguna, Philippines. Its titular saint is Bartholomew and its feast day is celebrated every August 24. The church is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of San Pablo.

Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery
The Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery (Filipino: Libingan sa Ilalim ng Lupa ng Nagcarlan) is a national historical landmark and museum in Barangay Bambang, Nagcarlan, Laguna supervised by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. It was built in 1845 under the supervision of Franciscan priest, Fr. Vicente Velloc as a Catholic burial site and its underground crypt exclusively for Spanish friars, prominent town citizens and members of elite Catholic families. It is dubbed as the only Catholic cemetery with a crypt in the country.
Partridge Island (Tasmania)
The Partridge Island, part of the Partridge Island Group, is an 103-hectare (250-acre) island that lies close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, between Bruny Island and the mainland of Tasmania and is part of the South Bruny National Park.

The other islands in the Partridge Island Group are:

South Bruny National Park
The South Bruny National Park is a national park located on Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Hobart. The park contains the Cape Bruny Lighthouse. The highest point of the park is Mount Bruny at 504 metres (1,654 ft).
Photon counting
Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted using a single-photon detector (SPD). A single-photon detector emits a pulse of signal for each detected photon. The counting efficiency is determined by the quantum efficiency and the system's electronic losses.

Many photodetectors can be configured to detect individual photons, each with relative advantages and disadvantages. Common types include photomultipliers, geiger counters, single-photon avalanche diodes, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, transition edge sensors, and scintillation counters. Charge-coupled devices can be used.

Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area.  The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m−2 or W/m2). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm−2⋅s−1) is often used in astronomy. Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity. In astrophysics, irradiance is called radiant flux.

Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The two forms have different dimensions and units: spectral irradiance of a frequency spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per hertz (W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1), while spectral irradiance of a wavelength spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per metre (W⋅m−3), or more commonly watts per square metre per nanometre (W⋅m−2⋅nm−1).
Vernon Lee Evans
Vernon Lee Evans (born October 11, 1949) is a contract killer convicted for murdering two witnesses scheduled to testify against the leader of a drug gang. In 1984, he was convicted and sentenced to death together with drug kingpin Anthony Grandison for the 1983 murders of Susan Kennedy and David Scott Piechowicz. David Piechowicz and his wife Cheryl (Susan Kennedy's sister) had been scheduled to testify against Grandison at trial on federal drug charges.

The case was intensely discussed in the political debate about eliminating the death penalty in Maryland.

Contract killing
Contract killing, sometimes known as murder-for-hire, is a form of murder or assassination in which one party employs another party to extrajudicially kill a targeted person or people via an illegal agreement that involves some form of compensation, monetary or otherwise. An act of contract killing is also known colloquially as a hit, and the person performing the killing (i.e. the contract killer or "contractor") is known as the hitman or (as borrowed from Spanish) sicario.

Organized crime gangs and syndicates sometimes employ dedicated members or associates as contractors (each known as an enforcer) to perform targeted assassination, lynching, maiming or other acts of violence, typically for purposes such as turf war, feud, extortion or as a form of political violence to terrorize dissidents or to demoralize other groups.
Valve timing
In a piston engine, the valve timing is the precise timing of the opening and closing of the valves. In an internal combustion engine those are usually poppet valves and in a steam engine they are usually slide valves or piston valves.

Poppet valve
A poppet valve (also sometimes called mushroom valve) is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of petrol (gas) or vapour flow into or out of an engine, but with many other applications.

It consists of a hole or open-ended chamber, usually round or oval in cross-section, and a plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft known as a valve stem. The working end of this plug, the valve face, is typically ground at a 45° bevel to seal against a corresponding valve seat ground into the rim of the chamber being sealed. The shaft travels through a valve guide to maintain its alignment.

A pressure differential on either side of the valve can assist or impair its performance. In exhaust applications higher pressure against the valve helps to seal it, and in intake applications lower pressure helps open it.
Warawarrup, Western Australia
Warawarrup is a rural locality and town of the Shire of Harvey in the South West region of Western Australia. The South Western Highway and the South Western Railway both run through the locality in a north-south direction.

Between 1979 and 2014, the racetrack at King Lethbridge Park in Warawarrup was the location of the Harvey harness racing club.

Shire of Harvey
The Shire of Harvey is a local government area of Western Australia.  Harvey is located in the state's South West region, approximately 140 km south of Perth, and includes some of Bunbury's northern suburbs. The shire covers an area of 1,728 km² and had a population of approximately 26,500 as at the 2016 Census. Around 12% of the population are of Southern or Eastern European origin.

It contains three large towns, Harvey, Australind and Brunswick Junction and a number of smaller towns. The shire office is located on Uduc Road, Harvey, and an administration centre is open at Mulgara Street, Australind.