hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbonate-associated sulfate
Carbonate-associated sulfates (CAS) are sulfate species found in association with carbonate minerals, either as inclusions, adsorbed phases, or in distorted sites within the carbonate mineral lattice. It is derived primarily from dissolved sulfate in the solution from which the carbonate precipitates. In the ocean, the source of this sulfate is a combination of riverine and atmospheric inputs, as well as the products of marine hydrothermal reactions and biomass remineralisation. CAS is a common component of most carbonate rocks, having concentrations in the parts per thousand within biogenic carbonates and parts per million within abiogenic carbonates. Through its abundance and sulfur isotope composition, it provides a valuable record of the global sulfur cycle across time and space.

Isotope fractionation
Isotope fractionation describes fractionation processes that affect the relative abundance of isotopes, a phenomenon that occurs (and so advantage is taken of it) in the study geochemistry, biochemistry, food science,  and other fields. Normally, the focus is on stable isotopes of the same element. Isotopic fractionation can be measured by isotope analysis, using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance methods (specialised techniques,) cavity ring-down spectroscopy, etc., to measure ratios of isotopes, important tools to understand geochemical and biological systems, past and present. For example, biochemical processes cause changes in ratios of stable carbon isotopes incorporated into biomass.
Tamás Mocsai
Tamás Mocsai (born 9 December 1978) is a retired Hungarian handball player who played for MKB Veszprém KC and the Hungarian national team. He served as the mayor of Felsőmocsolád between 2014 and 2024.

Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball)
The Nemzeti Bajnokság I (English: National Championship I, commonly abbreviated NB I) is the premier men's professional handball league in Hungary, administered by the Hungarian Handball Federation. Since 2016 the official name of the championship is K&H Férfi Kézilabda Liga due to sponsorship reasons.
HD 156091
HD 156091 is a double star in the southern constellation of Ara. The primary is a sixth magnitude giant star with stronger than normal lines of carbon, nitrogen, and barium in its spectrum. The companion is a 13th magnitude star at an angular separation of 27.4″ along a position angle of 275°, as of 2000.

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
Andrew Rodriguez (American football)
Andrew Scott Rodriguez (born May 12, 1990) is an American former football player for the Army Black Knights of the United States Military Academy.

A graduate of Bishop Ireton High School in Alexandria, Virginia, Rodriguez started in twelve games as a sophomore for the Black Knights. Prior to his junior season, he suffered a serious back injury which caused him to miss the rest of the season but made a comeback for his senior year, for which he was voted captain by his teammates. He won the 2011 James E. Sullivan Award and the William V. Campbell Trophy.

Rodriguez graduated in 2012, ranking third in his class. His father is General David M. Rodriguez, Commanding General of the United States Africa Command (AFRICOM).

David M. Rodriguez
David Mitchell "Rod" Rodriguez (born 23 May 1954) is an American Army four-star general who served as the Commander of the United States Africa Command from April 2013 till August 2016.

Rodriguez served as the Commanding General of the United States Army Forces Command from 12 September 2011 until 15 March 2014. He has also served as Commander, International Security Assistance Force Joint Command (IJC) and Deputy Commander, United States Forces – Afghanistan (USFOR-A) from 12 November 2009 to 11 July 2011. General Rodriguez retired in August 2016 after 40 years of service.
Donau-Ries (electoral district)
Donau-Ries is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 253. It is located in western Bavaria, comprising the Dillingen district, Donau-Ries district, and the northern part of the Aichach-Friedberg district.

Donau-Ries was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2009, it has been represented by Ulrich Lange of the Christian Social Union (CSU).

Dillingen (district)
Dillingen is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Donau-Ries, Augsburg and Günzburg, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (district of Heidenheim).
Pseudolarix amabilis
Pseudolarix amabilis is a species of coniferous tree in the pine family Pinaceae. The species is commonly known as golden larch, but being more closely related to Keteleeria, Abies and Cedrus, is not a true larch (Larix).  P. amabilis is native to eastern China, occurring in small areas in the mountains of southern Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and eastern Sichuan, at altitudes of 100–1,500 m (328–4,921 ft).  The earliest known occurrences are of compression fossils found in the Ypresian Allenby Formation and mummified fossils found in the Late Eocene Buchanan Lake Formation on Axel Heiberg Island.

Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.
1998 PDSL season
The 1998 Premier Development Soccer League season was the 4th PDSL season. The season began in April 1998 and ended in August 1998.

San Gabriel Valley Highlanders won the championship, defeating the Jackson Chargers 3–2.  Jackson won the regular season title, winning all 16 games and posting a whopping +84 goal difference.  Four teams from the Pacific Coast Soccer League joined as associate members this season, with two (Abbotsford and Seattle) going on to become full members in 1999.

Jackson Chargers
The Jackson Chargers were an American soccer team based in Jackson, Mississippi that played in the PDL (formerly the USISL Premier League) from 1995 to 1999. The team had very successful consecutive seasons in 1998 and 1999, becoming regular season champions in both years and going undefeated, 16–0, in the 1998 season before losing the championship match to Southwest rivals San Gabriel Valley Highlanders. The team dissolved following the 1999 season.
Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
Hasan Hasanzade Amoli (Persian: حسن حسن‌زاده آملی: 10 February, 1927 – 25 September, 2021) was an Iranian Shi'ite theologian known for his mystical tendencies and Islamic philosophy. He was among clerics who overcame the traditional opposition to teaching philosophy courses at Shi'ite seminaries. He wrote many books in philosophy, mysticism, mathematics, astronomy, Persian and Arabic literature. He interpreted the Islamic philosophical tradition in a similar way to Mulla Sadra, which is a reconciliation of religion, reason and mysticism. His books include Sharh fusus al-hikam, Tashih nahj al-balagha, Insan dar 'urf-i 'irfan, Tashih kalila wa dimna.

He died on Saturday, 25 September 2021, at the age of 94. Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei offered prayers on his body. Hassanzadeh Amoli was elected as one of the "Immortal figures of Iran" in 2003.

Hassanzadeh-Amoli was father-in-law of Iranian conservative politician Baqer Larijani.

Bagher Larijani
Bagher Ardeshir Larijani (born May 1961) is an eminent Iranian medical practitioner (Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology) at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. He was Director of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI).
Mail Order Ninja
Mail Order Ninja is an original English-language (OEL) manga written by Joshua Elder and illustrated by Erich Owen. It was the winner of Tokyopop's fifth Rising Stars of Manga competition. It is about a boy who orders a ninja from a comic book.

Original English-language manga
An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English. The term "international manga", as used by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, encompasses all foreign comics which draw inspiration from the "form of presentation and expression" found in Japanese manga. This may also apply to manga-inspired comics made in other languages.
Mohamed Bajeddoub
Mohamed Bajeddoub (Arabic: محمد باجدوب; born 1945 in Safi, Morocco) is an acclaimed Moroccan artist of the traditional Andalusian music.

As a youngster he regularly attended Sufi ceremonials in Sheikh Abu Mohammed Salih where they used to sing the al-Burda in Choirs. Aged 15, he studied under Sidi Said al-Qadiri in Salé and Mohamed Tbayek in Marrakesh. In Salé he progressively attracted interest and relative fame, and eventually achieved a status nationwide.

He has a distinctive style that is considered modern in comparison to more traditional Andalusian artists such as Mohammed Loukili, and sings in a tenor voice.

Abu Muhammad Salih al-Majiri
Abu Muhammad Salih ibn Yansaran Said ibn Ghafiyyan ibn al-Haj Yahya al-Dukkali al-Majiri (Arabic: أبو محمد صالح) (sometimes spelled al-Magiri), simply known as Abu Muhammad Salih (1155–1234), was a Maghrebi saint and one of the successors of Abu Madyan. He was the patron saint of Safi and lived during the reign of the Almohad Caliphate.
Ceramic heater
A ceramic heater as a consumer product is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). Ceramic heaters are usually portable and typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element fan heaters.

Fan heater
A fan heater, also called a blow heater, is a heater that works by using a fan to pass air over a heat source (e.g. a heating element). This heats up the air, which then leaves the heater, warming up the surrounding room. They can heat an enclosed space such as a room faster than a heater without a fan, but like any fan, create a degree of noise.
The Snow Queen (Once Upon a Time)
"The Snow Queen" is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, which aired on November 9, 2014.

This episode centers around the Snow Queen as she is interrogated by Emma Swan, while flashbacks show The Snow Queen's past.

Once Upon a Time season 4
The fourth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time was announced on May 8, 2014. Like the previous season, it was also split into two volumes, with the first airing from September 28 to December 14, 2014, and the second from March 2 to May 10, 2015. Ginnifer Goodwin, Jennifer Morrison, Lana Parrilla, Josh Dallas, Emilie de Ravin, Colin O'Donoghue, Jared S. Gilmore, and Robert Carlyle return as principal cast members from the previous season, and are joined by Michael Socha, reprising his role from the spin-off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, in his only season as a regular.

Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include the main antagonists for the two volumes, the Snow Queen and the Queens of Darkness (a triad of villains including returning character Maleficent, and new characters Cruella de Vil and Ursula), alongside Elsa, Anna, Kristoff, the Apprentice, Little Bo Peep and Poseidon.
Pentamirror
A pentamirror is an optical device used in the viewfinder systems of various single-lens reflex cameras instead of a pentaprism. It is used to reverse again the laterally reversed image coming from the reflex mirror.

Instead of the solid block of glass of the prism in a pentaprism system, here 3 mirrors are used to perform the same task. This is cheaper and lighter, but generally produces a viewfinder image of lower quality and brightness.

This optical device is often (more precisely) referred to as roof pentamirror because of the roof-like ridge.

Viewfinder
In photography, a viewfinder is a device on a camera that a photographer uses to determine exactly where the camera is pointed, and approximately how much of that view will be photographed. A viewfinder can be mechanical (indicating only direction and approximate view), with simple optical components, with precision optics and optical functions, or a digital accessory device used with digital cameras.
Les Deux Jaloux
Les Deux Jaloux is a French one-act opéra comique composed by Sophie Gail. It was first performed on 27 March 1813 by the Opéra-Comique company at the Théâtre Feydeau, and remained in the company's repertoire until 1839. It was Gail's first opera: she was established as an opera singer and had previously written songs.

The libretto is by Jean-Baptiste-Charles Vial and is based on the 1708 play Le jaloux honteux de l'être by Charles Rivière Dufresny. The plot concerns the romantic adventures of the niece of the president of France.

The opening performance was reviewed in Journal de l'Empire, Journal des arts and Gazette de France.

Opéra comique
Opéra comique (French: [ɔpeʁa kɔmik]; plural: opéras comiques) is a genre of French opera that contains spoken dialogue and arias. It emerged from the popular opéras comiques en vaudevilles of the Fair Theatres of St Germain and St Laurent (and to a lesser extent the Comédie-Italienne), which combined existing popular tunes with spoken sections. Associated with the Paris theatre of the same name, opéra comique is not necessarily comical or shallow; Carmen, perhaps the most famous opéra comique, is a tragedy.
Johannes Jacobus Smith
Johannes Jacobus Smith (Antwerp 29 June 1867 – Oegstgeest 14 January 1947) (sometimes written as Joannes Jacobus Smith) was a Dutch botanist who, between years 1905 to 1924, crossed the islands of the Dutch East Indies (mainly Java), collecting specimens of plants and describing and cataloguing the flora of these islands. The standard botanical author abbreviation J.J.Sm. is applied to plants described by J.J. Smith.

The description of the flowers of the western half of New Guinea (then a Dutch territory) is largely based on his work. He was, next to Rudolf Schlechter, the most prolific author on New Guinea orchids. He also described numerous plants from other families, such as Ericaceae and Euphorbiaceae.

Dendrobium cuthbertsonii
Dendrobium cuthbertsonii is a species of orchid in the genus Dendrobium. It grows epiphytically at up to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above sea level in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. It is targeted by commercial collectors who harvest it for export. It has one of the longest floral durations of any orchid, with individual flowers remaining open for up to nine months.  Another source says ten months. Its stems are 1–2 centimetres (0.4–0.8 in) tall and 4–7 millimetres (0.16–0.28 in) wide; the flowers are 25–40 mm (1.0–1.6 in) long, 13–35 mm (0.5–1.4 in) wide, and extremely variable in colour., ranging from crimson through orangey-red.
Clan Forrester
The Forresters are an ancient and noble clan of the Scottish Lowlands.

The clan took their name from their ancient role as guardians of the royal forest. The Forresters had significant holdings in Lothian, and Stirlingshire. The clan does not currently have a chief and is therefore considered an armigerous clan.

The clan is likely related to the English Forrester´s of Etherstone and later Forster´s of Bamburgh, sharing the same bugle-horned arms.

The original caput of the clan is believed to have been Torwood Castle in Stirlingshire, as well as Corstorphine Castle on the outskirts of Edinburgh. Many clan chiefs and Lord's Forrester are interred in Corstorphine Church.

Scottish Lowlands
The Lowlands (Scots: Lallans or Lawlands, pronounced [ˈlɑːlən(d)z, ˈlo̜ːl-]; Scottish Gaelic: a' Ghalldachd, lit. 'place of the foreigners', pronounced [ə ˈɣauɫ̪t̪əxk]) is a cultural and historical region of Scotland.

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. This area includes cities like Edinburgh and Glasgow and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the Highlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands.
Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County
Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County, No. 1:69-cv-02145, is a case in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois regarding political patronage in the hiring of public officials and First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment rights.  The case resulted in negotiations from 1969-1983 that brought to fruition the Shakman Decrees, largely reducing political corruption in the Chicago government.  Parts of the case are still being negotiated to this day.

Shakman Decrees
The Shakman decrees are a series of federal court orders regarding government employment in Chicago, which were issued in 1972, 1979, and 1983, in response to a lawsuit filed by civic reformer Michael Shakman. The decrees bar the practice of political patronage, under which government jobs are given to supporters of a politician or party, and government employees may be fired for not supporting a favored candidate or party.

Shakman filed his initial lawsuit in 1969 and continued the legal battle through 1983. The decrees are compromises, but are considered a victory for Shakman, as political patronage was largely abolished in Chicago.

In 2022, after more than fifty years of litigation, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit vacated the consent decree as to one of the defendants, the governor of Illinois, citing significant progress towards the elimination of political patronage.
Kruczaj
Kruczaj [ˈkrut͡ʂai̯] (German: Marienwalde) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bierzwnik, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Bierzwnik, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Choszczno, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Bierzwnik, Choszczno County
Bierzwnik [ˈbjɛʐvnik] (German: Marienwalde) is a village in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bierzwnik. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Choszczno (Arnswalde) and 84 km (52 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin (Stettin).
Liwaito, California
38°31′20″N 121°58′15″W﻿ / ﻿38.52222°N 121.97083°W﻿ / 38.52222; -121.97083

Liwaito (also Lewytos and Liguaytoy) is a former settlement of the Patwin branch of the Wintun tribe in Yolo County, California. The name means "waiving" in the Patwin language, and was also applied to Putah Creek.  It lay at an elevation of 135 feet (41 m).  Its location is quite near Winters, California.

Patwin language
Patwin (Patween) is a critically endangered Wintuan language of Northern California. As of 2021, there was one documented first language speaker of Patwin. As of 2010, Patwin language classes were taught at the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation (formerly Rumsey Rancheria) tribal school (Dubin 2010).

Patwin has two (excl. Southern Patwin) or three (incl. Southern Patwin) dialects: "River Patwin (or Valley Patwin) was traditionally spoken along the Sacramento River in Colusa County ... Hill Patwin, was spoken in the plains and foothills to the west."

Southern Patwin became extinct shortly after contact. It is very poorly attested, and may be a separate Southern Wintuan language (Mithun 1999).

As of 2012, the Tewe Kewe Cultural Center of the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation has "a California Indian Library Collection and an extensive Patwin language and history research section."
2026 Major League Baseball season
The 2026 Major League Baseball season is scheduled to begin on March 25 with a single night game featuring the San Francisco Giants hosting the New York Yankees before the regular season proper runs from March 26 to September 27. The postseason will begin on September 29. The World Series will begin on October 23 and will end with Game 7 if necessary on October 31. The 96th All-Star Game is scheduled for July 14 at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the home of the Philadelphia Phillies.

Citizens Bank Park
Citizens Bank Park is a baseball stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Home to Major League Baseball's Philadelphia Phillies, the stadium opened April 3, 2004.

The 42,901-seat ballpark was built to replace the 33-year-old Veterans Stadium, a multipurpose football and baseball facility that was demolished in 2004. Citizens Bank Park features a natural grass-and-dirt playing field and Philadelphia-style food stands that serve cheesesteak sandwiches, hoagies, Tastykakes, soft pretzels, Yards and Yuengling beer, and other regional specialties.

The ballpark is named after Citizens Bank, N.A.. It sits on the northeast corner of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex, which includes Lincoln Financial Field, Xfinity Mobile Arena, and Stateside Live!, a dining and entertainment venue which often serves as a media hub for various live broadcasts.
Chorizanthe douglasii
Chorizanthe douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common names San Benito spineflower and Douglas' spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the mountains of the Southern California Coast Ranges, from the Santa Lucia Range east to the Gabilan Range.

Gabilan Range
The Gabilan Range or Gabilán Range (Spanish for "sparrow hawk") is a mountain range in the inner California Coast Ranges System, located in Monterey County and San Benito County of central California.  Pinnacles National Park is located in the southern section of the range.
Wiek County
Wiek County (German: Kreis Wiek or Kreis Hapsal, Estonian: Lääne kreis, Russian: Гапсальскій/Викскій уѣздъ, romanized: Gapsalskiy/Vikskiy uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia. It was situated in the western part of the governorate (in the northwestern part of present-day Estonia). Its capital was Haapsalu (Hapsal). The territory of Wiek County corresponds to present-day Lääne and Hiiu counties, the westernmost part of Rapla County, and a small part of Pärnu County.

Haapsalu
Haapsalu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈhɑːpsɑlu]) is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Lääne County, and on 1 January 2020 it had a population of 9,375.