hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memorization
Memorization (British English: memorisation) is the process of committing something to memory. It is a mental process undertaken in order to store in memory for later recall visual, auditory, or tactical information.

The scientific study of memory is part of cognitive neuroscience, an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

Testing effect
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. It is different from the more general practice effect, defined in the APA Dictionary of Psychology as "any change or improvement that results from practice or repetition of task items or activities."

Cognitive psychologists are working with educators to look at how to take advantage of tests—not as an assessment tool, but as a teaching tool  since testing prior knowledge is more beneficial for learning when compared to only reading or passively studying material (even more so when the test is more challenging for memory).
Environmental impacts of the Mexico–United States border
The environmental impacts of the Mexico–United States border are numerous, including the disposal of hazardous waste, increase of air pollution, threats to essential water resources, and ecosystem fragmentation.

Tohono Oʼodham
The Tohono Oʼodham (/təˈhoʊnoʊ ˈɔːtəm, - ˈoʊtəm/ tə-HOH-noh AW-təm, -⁠ OH-təm, O'odham: [ˈtɔhɔnɔ ˈʔɔʔɔd̪am]) are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert, residing primarily in the U.S. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The United States federally recognized tribe is the Tohono Oʼodham Nation. The Ak-Chin Indian Community also has Tohono Oʼodham citizens.

The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs the Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, a major reservation located in southern Arizona. It encompasses portions of three counties: Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa in the United States. Tohono Oʼodham territory extends into the Mexican state of Sonora.
The Falls (Oates)
The Falls is a novel by Joyce Carol Oates published in 2004 by  Ecco/HarperCollins.
The work is the winner of the 2005 Prix Femina étranger and a recipient of the International IMPAC DUBLIN Literary Award for 2006.

Maya Jaggi
Maya Jaggi FRSL is a British writer, literary critic, editor and cultural journalist. In the words of the Open University, from which Jaggi received an honorary doctorate in 2012, she "has had a transformative influence in the last 25 years in extending the map of international writing today". In 2023, Jaggi was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

Jaggi has been a contributor to a wide range of publications including The Guardian, Financial Times, The Independent, The Literary Review, The Times Literary Supplement, The New York Review of Books, The Wall Street Journal, The Economist, New Statesman, Wasafiri, Index on Censorship, and Newsweek, and is particularly known for her profiles of writers, artists, film-makers, musicians and others. She is also a broadcaster and presenter on radio and television. Jaggi is the niece of actor and food writer Madhur Jaffrey.
Rob Pearlstein
Rob Pearlstein is a writer and director. He is best known as the writer and director of Our Time is Up, the film for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.

Pearlstein has worked as a copywriter at agencies including TBWA Chiat/Day, Fallon McElligott, BBDO, Deutsch, Saatchi & Saatchi, and MTV. He was also among the top 10 finalists for HBO’s Project Greenlight contest.

He has sold screenplays and television pilots to major studios and networks such as Universal Pictures, Focus Features, Jerry Bruckheimer Television, and Lorne Michaels's Broadway Video Productions, and has written episodes for the NBC series Medium and the Fox series The Inside.

Pearlstein wrote, directed, and starred in Matumbo Goldberg and he also wrote and directed Someone Marry Barry.

Lorne Michaels
Lorne Michaels (born Lorne David Lipowitz; November 17, 1944) is a Canadian and American television and film producer, comedian, screenwriter and director. He created and produced Saturday Night Live (1975–1980, since 1985) and produced the Late Night series (since 1993), The Kids in the Hall (from 1989 to 1995), and The Tonight Show (since 2014).

He has received 24 Primetime Emmy Awards from 112 nominations, holding the record as the most nominated individual in the award show's history.
Ambla Vallameeskond
Ambla Vallameeskond is an Estonian football club based in Ambla. Founded in 2010, they currently play in the III Liiga, the fifth tier of Estonian football. Ambla Vallameeskond is the reserve team of Estonian football club Rakvere JK Tarvas and it has a reserve team Rakvere JK Tarvas II.

Rakvere JK Tarvas
Rakvere Jalgpalliklubi Tarvas, commonly known as Rakvere Tarvas, or simply as Tarvas, is an Estonian football club based in Rakvere that competes in II liiga, the fourth tier of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Rakvere linnastaadion.

The club was founded in 2004 as Virumaa JK Rakvere. From 2008 until 2010, the club was named Rakvere FC Flora, and since 2011 Rakvere JK Tarvas. The club has competed in the Estonian top division Meistriliiga once, in 2016.
Gmina Drezdenko
Gmina Drezdenko is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Strzelce-Drezdenko County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Drezdenko, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Strzelce Krajeńskie and 41 km (25 mi) east of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The gmina covers an area of 399.9 square kilometres (154.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 17,166.

Strzelce-Drezdenko County
Strzelce-Drezdenko County (Polish: powiat strzelecko-drezdenecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Strzelce Krajeńskie, which lies 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 104 km (65 mi) north of Zielona Góra. The county also contains the towns of Drezdenko, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Strzelce Krajeńskie, and Dobiegniew, 18 km (11 mi) north-east of Strzelce Krajeńskie.

The county covers an area of 1,248.32 square kilometres (482.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 49,156, out of which the population of Drezdenko is 10,122, that of Strzelce Krajeńskie is 9,950, that of Dobiegniew is 3,061, and the rural population is 26,023.
América Móvil
América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V. is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It is the 7th largest mobile network operator in the world in terms of equity subscribers, as well as one of the largest corporations in the world. América Móvil is a Forbes Global 2000 company. As of 31 December 2023, América Móvil had 310.1 million wireless subscribers, and 73.7 million fixed revenue generating units ("RGUs", consisting of fixed voice, fixed data and Pay TV units).

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Corn Hill, Rochester, New York
Corn Hill is a historic neighborhood in southwest Rochester, New York, United States, situated on the west bank of the Genesee River immediately south of downtown. Originally known as the Third Ward, it was Rochester's most prestigious residential neighborhood throughout much of the 19th century. The Third Ward Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and the City of Rochester designated the Corn Hill Historic Preservation District in 1977. The neighborhood is bounded by the Genesee River to the east, Interstate 490 to the north, and Ford Street to the west and south.

Campbell–Whittlesey House
The Campbell–Whittlesey House, also known as the Benjamin Campbell House, in Rochester, New York is a historic Greek Revival home, designed by architect Minard Lafever.  It was built in 1836, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 1971.

Campbell was a flour miller, as were many of Rochester's first residents.  The home featured parlors painted in a dozen different colors and furniture stenciled with gold.

From 1939 until July 2010, the house served as a museum operated by the Landmark Society of Western New York. In February 2010, the Society announced plans to sell the house to private interests, saying it would close as a museum by July 1.  The Landmark Society cited decreased attendance—school visits, for example, decreased from 1,300 students in 2003 to 300 in 2009—and the society's shifting mission as explanations for the decision.

It is located within the boundaries of the Third Ward Historic District.
Moonsund operation
The Moonsund landing operation (Russian: Моонзундская десантная операция; Estonian: Lääne-Eesti saarte kaitsmine; Swedish: Moonsund Invasionen) was an amphibious operation and offensive by the Red Army during World War II, taking place in late 1944. It was part of the Baltic offensive, and was designed to clear German forces of Army Group North from the islands in East Baltic Sea, the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago). The attacking forces were from the 8th Army of the Leningrad Front.

The Estonian islands were occupied largely by units of the German 23rd Infantry Division, which had been split across the three islands and reinforced with a variety of artillery, coastal artillery, and assault engineer detachments.

West Estonian archipelago
The West Estonian archipelago (Estonian: Lääne-Eesti saarestik,  also Moonsund archipelago) is a group of Estonian islands located in the Baltic Sea around Väinameri. The total area is about 4,000 km2 (1,500 sq mi). The archipelago is composed of the islands Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Muhu, Vormsi and about 900 other smaller islands. The archipelago is separated from the Estonian mainland by the Väinameri Sea.
St. Clair Region Conservation Authority
The St. Clair Region Conservation Authority is a conservation authority in the province of Ontario. It is headquartered in Strathroy, Ontario. The conservation authority's jurisdiction covers all of the waterways that feed into the St. Clair River.

The authority was established in 1961 to help clean up the environment.

St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km) river in eastern North America that flows from Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair, forming part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States and between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan.  The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, whose shipping channels permit cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. The St. Clair Delta is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River where it meets Lake St. Clair and is the largest delta in the Great Lakes system, covering approximately 140 square miles (360 km2).
Mir:ror
Mir:ror is a personal RFID reader that connects to a personal computer via a USB port.  It was presented at the Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin in September 2008 and is produced by Violet, which also produces the Nabaztag.  It is designed to work with Violet-produced RFID tags (Ztamps) which are industry standard ISO/IEC 14443 type A or B.  When a tagged object is moved near the RFID reader, the reader will prompt the computer to do something, such as opening a related website.

IFA Berlin
The IFA (/ˈifɑː/ EE-fah), or Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (International radio exhibition Berlin, a.k.a. 'Berlin Radio Show'), is one of the oldest industrial exhibitions in Germany. Between 1924 and 1939 it was an annual event, but from 1950 it was held every other year until 2005. Since then it has become an annual event again, held in September. Today it is one of the world's leading trade shows for consumer electronics and home appliances.

It offers the opportunity to exhibitors to present their latest products and developments to the general public. As a result of daily reporting in almost all the German media, the radio exhibition and the showcased technology receives a large amount of attention around the globe. In the course of its history, many world innovations were first seen at the exhibition.

As of 2015 IFA is "Europe's biggest tech show". 245,000 visitors and 1,645 exhibitors attended IFA 2015.
Mortgage industry of the United States
The mortgage industry of the United States is a major financial sector. The federal government created several programs, or government sponsored entities, to foster mortgage lending, construction and encourage home ownership. These programs include the Government National Mortgage Association (known as Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (known as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (known as Freddie Mac).

The subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indication of the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backing said mortgages. The earlier savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and the national mortgage crisis of the 1930s also arose primarily from unsound mortgage lending. The mortgage crisis has led to a rise in foreclosures, leading to the 2010 United States foreclosure crisis.

National Mortgage Crisis of the 1930s
The National Mortgage Crisis of the 1930s was a Depression-era crisis in the United States characterized by high-default rates and soaring loan-to-value ratios in the residential housing market. Rapid expansion in the residential non-farm housing market through the 1920s created a housing bubble inflated in part by ad hoc innovation on the part of the four primary financial intermediaries – commercial banks, life insurance companies, mutual savings banks, and Building & Loans (thrifts).  As a result, the federal overhaul stemming from New Deal legislation gave rise to a paradigmatic shift in mortgage lending, popularizing longer-term maturity, fully amortizing mortgages and creating a thick secondary market for mortgage-related securities.
Fan Island
Fan Island is a 5,092-foot-elevation (1,552-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated two miles south of Dutton Point, 2.5 miles west-northwest of Dox Castle, and 1.6 miles south-southwest of Masonic Temple. Topographic relief is significant as it rises 2,900 feet (880 meters) above the Colorado River in one mile (1.6 km). Fan Island was so named because the flat top resembles an unfolded hand fan. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Fan Island is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining south to the Colorado River via Hakatai Canyon from the west aspect, and Burro Canyon from the east aspect. This butte is an erosional remnant composed of Redwall Limestone overlaying the Tonto Group.

Tonto Group
The Tonto Group is a name for an assemblage of related sedimentary strata, collectively known by geologists as a Group, that comprises the basal sequence Paleozoic strata exposed in the sides of the Grand Canyon. As currently defined, the Tonto groups consists of the Sixtymile Formation, Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale (or Formation), Muav Limestone (or Formation), and Frenchman Mountain Dolostone. Historically, it included only the Tapeats Sandstone, Bright Angel Shale, and Muav Limestone. Because these units are defined by lithology and three of them interfinger and intergrade laterally, they lack the simple layer cake geology as they are typically portrayed as having and geological mapping of them is complicated.
Midvalley Express
The Midvalley Express (MVX), originally known as the Taylorsville-Murray BRT and later as Midvalley Connector) is an under construction bus rapid transit (BRT) line anticipated to run between Murray and West Valley City (passing through Taylorsville) in Utah, United States, that will be operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA).: 1–2  It will connect the main campus of Salt Lake Community College (SLCC) in Taylorsville with both the TRAX light rail system and the FrontRunner commuter rail. It is the fourth (third currently operating) of several BRT lines that UTA is planning along the Wasatch Front. Bus Rapid Transit is described by UTA as "light rail on rubber tires".

TRAX (light rail)
TRAX is a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah, in the United States, serving Salt Lake City and many of its suburbs throughout Salt Lake County. The system's official name, Transit Express, is rarely, if ever, used. The system is operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA). All TRAX trains are electric, receiving power from overhead wires.

TRAX has 52 stations on three lines. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak Community of South Jordan. The Green Line provides service from Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 13,965,200, or about 39,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
HMS Tremendous
HMS Tremendous was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, designed by Edward Hunt, built to the lines of HMS Ganges by William Barnard's yard at Deptford Green, and launched on 30 October 1784.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
The Thumbs (Tasmania)
The Thumbs is a small and jagged island, with three prominent spires and an area of 4,500 square metres (1.1 acres), in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of the Tasman Island Group, lying close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania around the Tasman Peninsula, and is in the Tasman National Park.

Tasman National Park
The Tasman National Park is a national park in eastern Tasmania, Australia, approximately 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of Hobart. The 107.5-square-kilometre (41.5 sq mi) park is situated on part of both the Forestier and Tasman peninsulas and encompasses all of Tasman Island.
Bodarwar railway station
Bodarwar railway station is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Varanasi railway division of North Eastern Railway zone. This is situated beside Pipraich-Kaptangunj Road at Bodarwar in Kushinagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Varanasi railway division
Varanasi railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 May 1969 and its headquarter is located at Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh of India.

Izzatnagar railway division (at Bareilly City) and Lucknow NER railway division are the other two railway divisions under NER Zone headquartered at Gorakhpur.
John Bailey (cinematographer)
John Ira Bailey ASC (August 10, 1942 – November 10, 2023) was an American cinematographer and film director known for his collaborations with directors Paul Schrader, Lawrence Kasdan, Michael Apted, and Ken Kwapis. In August 2017, Bailey was elected president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was succeeded by casting director David Rubin in August 2019.

Ken Kwapis
Kenneth William Kwapis (born August 17, 1957) is an American film and television director, screenwriter, and author. He specialized in single-camera sitcoms in the 1990s and 2000s and has directed feature films such as Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird (1985), The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005), and He's Just Not That into You (2009).
Blue Valley North High School
Blue Valley North High School is a public high school located in Overland Park, Kansas, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. The school is one of the five high schools operated by Blue Valley USD 229 school district.  The school colors are navy blue and silver.  The current enrollment is approximately 1,550 students.  The principal is Tyson Ostroski.

Blue Valley North is a member of the Kansas State High School Activities Association and offers a variety of sports programs. Athletic teams compete in the 6A Division and are known as the "Mustangs". Extracurricular activities are also offered in the form of performing arts, school publications, and clubs.

Blue Valley USD 229
Blue Valley USD 229 is a public unified school district headquartered in Overland Park, Kansas, United States.  It is located in east central and southeast Johnson County, Kansas, and within the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.  The district includes sections of Leawood and Olathe, as well as Stilwell, and extends into Miami County.
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Remake
Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell: Remake is an upcoming action-adventure stealth game developed by Ubisoft Toronto and published by Ubisoft. It is a remake of the 2002 game Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell which was originally developed by Ubisoft Montreal. It is being built “from the ground up” and aims to preserve the core spirit of the original while employing modern technology and design sensibilities. The project is being built using the Snowdrop engine.

Video game remake
A video game remake is a video game closely adapted from an earlier title, usually for the purpose of modernizing a game with updated graphics for newer hardware and gameplay for contemporary audiences. Typically, a remake of such game software shares essentially the same title, fundamental gameplay concepts, and core story elements of the original game, although some aspects of the original game may have been changed for the remake.

Remakes are often made by the original developer or copyright holder, and sometimes by the fan community. If created by the community, video game remakes are sometimes also called fangames and can be seen as part of the retro gaming phenomenon.
2023 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2023. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Luv Is
Luv Is is a 2023 Philippine television drama romance anthology series broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on January 16, 2023 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on July 28, 2023 with a total of 75 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.