hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Florence, South Dakota
Florence is a town in northwestern Codington County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 337 at the 2020 census.

Florence was named for a lady acquaintance of a railroad employee.

Watertown, South Dakota
Watertown is a city in and the county seat of Codington County, South Dakota, United States. Watertown is home to the Redlin Art Center, which houses many of the works of Terry Redlin, one of the nation's most popular wildlife artists. Watertown is between Pelican Lake and Lake Kampeska, from which Redlin derived inspiration for his artwork.

The population was 22,655 at the 2020 census, making Watertown South Dakota's 5th-most populous city. It is also the principal city of the Watertown Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Codington County. It is home to the Bramble Park Zoo. Watertown's residential real estate is considered the most expensive in South Dakota for cities of its size; the median price for a home in Watertown was approximately $200,000 as of 2013.
Mina Tamang
Mina Tamang is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (Maoist Centre) Party. She is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from the indigenous people category.

2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal
The Second Federal Parliament of Nepal, was elected by the 2022 general elections on 20 November 2022. The elections elected 275 Members of Parliament (MPs), 165 for each constituency and 110 through the party list, to the House of Representatives. The parliament convened for the first time on 9 January 2023 and was dissolved on 12 September 2025 following the 2025 Gen Z protests.
Kolonia Krzemieniewice
Kolonia Krzemieniewice [kɔˈlɔɲa kʂɛmjɛɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Gorzkowice, 23 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 67 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gorzkowice
Gorzkowice [ɡɔʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gorzkowice. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Phursumba Sherpa
Phursumba Sherpa (February 14, 1944 – October 20, 2025)
was an Indian mountaineer, instructor, Arctic explorer, and Alpine Guide. His career included work in the Himalayas, the Arctic Circle, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. He was one of the early instructors at the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute (HMI) in Darjeeling and later became one of the first Sherpa climbing guides in North America with RMI Expeditions, also known as Rainier Mountaineering, Inc (RMI). His work bridged Himalayan climbing traditions with Western alpine climbing and outdoor education.

Chaukhamba
Chaukhamba is a mountain massif in the Gangotri Group of the Garhwal Himalaya. Its main summit, Chaukhamba I, is the highest peak in the group. It lies at the head of the Gangotri Glacier and forms the eastern anchor of the group. It is located in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, west of the Hindu holy town of Badrinath.
Bhāviveka
Bhāviveka, also called Bhāvaviveka (traditional Chinese: 清辯; ; pinyin: Qīngbiàn; Wylie: slob dpon bha bya, skal ldan, legs ldan), and Bhavya was a sixth-century (c. 500 – c. 570) madhyamaka Buddhist philosopher. Alternative names for this figure also include Bhavyaviveka, Bhāvin, Bhāviviveka, Bhagavadviveka and Bhavya. Bhāviveka is the author of the Madhyamakahrdaya (Heart of the Middle), its auto-commentary the Tarkajvālā (Blaze of Reasoning) and the Prajñāpradīpa (Lamp for Wisdom).

In Tibetan Buddhism Bhāviveka is regarded as the founder of the svātantrika tradition of mādhyamaka, as opposed to the prāsaṅgika madhyamaka of Chandrakirti.

There is also another later author called Bhāvaviveka who wrote another set of madhyamaka texts. He is sometimes called Bhāvaviveka II by modern scholars.

Doxography
Doxography (Greek: δόξα – "an opinion", "a point of view" + γράφειν – "to write", "to describe") is a term used especially for the works of classical historians, describing the points of view of past philosophers and scientists. The term was coined by the German classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels.
Art in Paris
For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, arriving in the city to educate themselves and to seek inspiration from its artistic resources and galleries. As a result, Paris has received a reputation as the "City of Art". In the city developed art schools and movements centered on French and immigrant artists, including the School of Paris. Home to some of the world's most famous museums and galleries, including the Louvre and the Musée d'Orsay, the city today remains home to a thriving community of artists. Paris is recognized globally for its public landmarks and masterpieces of architecture including the Arc de Triomphe and a symbol of France, the Eiffel Tower.

Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture
The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (French: [akademi ʁwajal də pɛ̃tyʁ e də skyltyʁ]; English: "Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture") was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. It included most of the important painters and sculptors, maintained almost total control of teaching and exhibitions, and afforded its members preference in royal commissions.
2nd Battalion, 8th Marines
2d Battalion, 8th Marines (2/8) is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps based in Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina consisting of approximately 900 marines and sailors. Nicknamed "America's Battalion", they fall under the 8th Marine Regiment and the 2nd Marine Division.

5/16 inch star
A 5⁄16-inch star (9.7 mm) is a miniature gold or silver five-pointed star that is authorized by the United States Armed Forces as a ribbon device to denote subsequent awards for specific decorations of the Department of the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service (PHS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A gold star indicates a second or subsequent decoration, while a silver star is worn in lieu of five gold stars.

A 5⁄16-inch silver star is not to be confused with representing a Silver Star medal.
Rory McCarthy
Rory McCarthy (born 4 September 1975) is a retired Irish sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club St Martin's and with the Wexford senior inter-county team.  He played in the half-back line.

Leinster Colleges Senior Football Championship
The Leinster colleges senior football "A" championship, is the top level Gaelic football competition for secondary schools in Leinster. The winners receive the Brother Bosco (Mulhare) Cup and advance to the All-Ireland colleges "A" senior football championship, where they compete for the Hogan Cup.

St Mel's College of Longford hold the record for number of wins and this includes a record of six title wins in a row and a total of eight in the same decade. They also reached fourteen straight finals between 1930 and 1943. Coláiste Mhuire, Mullingar are the current title holders.
Brochfael ab Elisedd
Brochfael ab Elisedd was a king of Powys in the mid-8th century, who inherited the throne from his father, Elisedd ap Gwylog. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his son, Cadell ap Brochfael. His name also was inscribed (as "Brochmail") in the Pillar of Eliseg.

Pillar of Eliseg
The Pillar of Eliseg – also known as Elise's Pillar or Croes Elisedd in Welsh – stands near Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbighshire, Wales [Grid reference SJ 20267 44527]. It was erected by Cyngen ap Cadell (died 855), king of Powys in honour of his great-grandfather Elisedd ap Gwylog. The form Eliseg found on the pillar is assumed to be a mistake by the carver of the inscription.
Lee Kump
Lee R. Kump is a professor of geosciences at Pennsylvania State University and a fellow of the American Geophysical Union. He is currently the Dean of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include biogeochemical cycles, environmental biogeochemistry, and atmosphere/ocean evolution. With James Kasting, he is the co-author of the popular textbook The Earth System.

Kump highlights the relationship between the climate crisis and mass extinction in Earth's history: “The rate at which we’re injecting CO2 into the atmosphere today, according to our best estimates, is 10 times faster than it was during the End-Permian [...] And rates matter. So today we’re creating a very difficult environment for life to adapt, and we’re imposing that change maybe 10 times faster than the worst events in earth’s history.”

James Kasting
James Fraser Kasting (born January 2, 1953) is an American geoscientist and Distinguished Professor of Geosciences at Penn State University. Kasting is active in NASA's search for habitable extrasolar planets. He is considered a world leader in the field of planetary habitability, assessing habitable zones around stars. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. Kasting also serves on the Advisory Council of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence).
Bile acid sequestrant
The bile acid sequestrants are a group of resins used to bind certain components of bile in the gastrointestinal tract. They disrupt the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids by combining with bile constituents and preventing their reabsorption from the gut. In general, they are classified as hypolipidemic agents, although they may be used for purposes other than lowering cholesterol. They are used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea due to bile acid malabsorption.

Enterohepatic circulation
Enterohepatic circulation is the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver. Enterohepatic circulation is an especially important concept in the field of toxicology as many lipophilic xenobiotics undergo this process causing repeated liver damage.
Masaki Kaji
Masaki Kaji (加治 将樹, Kaji Masaki) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is known for his role as Takeshi Momoshiro in the Prince of Tennis musical series, Tenimyu, and the live film adaptation. He was also part of a young men's stage acting troupe, D-BOYS, which perform in various skit-like performances.

Ryo Kimura
Ryo Kimura (木村 了, Kimura Ryō, born September 23, 1988) is a Japanese actor who debuted in 2002. His first movie was Moonlight Jellyfish, in which he co-starred with Tatsuya Fujiwara. He played the role of Michio, a mentally challenged 15-year-old boy diagnosed with an incurable skin disease called XP (Xeroderma Pigmentosum).
2012 Franken Challenge
The 2012 Franken Challenge was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 26th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Fürth, Germany, between 4 and 10 June 2012.

Franken Challenge
The Franken Challenge (former Schickedanz Open) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Fürth, Germany, since 1979 (as a club event from 1979 to 1985, as a Futures in 1986, as a Challenger since 1987). After having been on the calendar for 38 years, the 2017 edition had to be cancelled for lack of funding.
Hybrid electric aircraft
A hybrid electric aircraft is an aircraft with a hybrid electric powertrain. As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is much lower than aviation fuel, a hybrid electric powertrain may effectively increase flight range compared to pure electric aircraft.
By May 2018, there were over 30 hybrid electric aircraft projects, and short-haul hybrid-electric airliners were envisioned from 2032. Sometimes flight is all electric with fuel for backup.

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (short takeoff and landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2022, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the name De Havilland Canada. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics.

The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. The Twin Otter has also been popular with commercial skydiving operations and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force.
Microsoft Reserved Partition
A Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR) is a partition of a data storage device that uses the GUID Partition Table (GPT) layout. The Windows operating system uses this partition for compatibility purposes. No meaningful data is stored within the MSR. Rather, when compatibility needs arise, Windows shrinks this partition to make way for other special-purpose partitions, which may contain data. The GPT label for this partition type is E3C9E316-0B5C-4DB8-817D-F92DF00215AE.

Logical Disk Manager
The Logical Disk Manager (LDM) is an implementation of a logical volume manager for Microsoft Windows NT, developed by Microsoft and Veritas Software. It was introduced with the Windows 2000 operating system, and is supported in Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows 11. The MMC-based Disk Management snap-in (diskmgmt.msc) hosts the Logical Disk Manager. On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, Microsoft deprecated LDM in favor of Storage Spaces.

Logical Disk Manager enables disk volumes to be dynamic, in contrast to the standard basic volume format. Basic volumes and dynamic volumes differ in their ability to extend storage beyond one physical disk. Basic partitions are restricted to a fixed size on one physical disk. Dynamic volumes can be enlarged to include more free space - either from the same disk or another physical disk. (For more information on the difference, see Basic and dynamic disks and volumes, below.)
Le Parti pris des choses
Le Parti pris des choses is a collection of 32 short to medium-length prose poems by the French poet and essayist Francis Ponge. It was first published in 1942. The title has been translated into English as Taking the Side of Things and as The Nature of Things.

Pun
A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language.

A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.

Puns have a long history in writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.
Dhubri railway station
Dhubri  is the terminal railway station on the Fakiragram–Dhubri branch line. It also links to the New Cooch Behar–Golokganj branch line.  A new line is being laid to connect Dhubri with Jogighopa.  It is located on the west bank of the Brahmaputra in Dhubri district in the Indian state of Assam. Important trains like Alipurduar–Silghat Town Rajya Rani Express, Siliguri–Dhubri Intercity Express are available from Dhubri. It lies under Alipurduar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone.

Alipurduar railway division
Alipurduar railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 15 January 1958 and its headquarter is located at Alipurduar in the state of West Bengal.

Katihar railway division, Lumding railway division, Tinsukia railway division and Rangiya railway division are the other four railway divisions under the NFR Zone headquartered at Maligaon, Guwahati.
Digha, Patna
Digha, also spelled as Deega in colonial documents, is a residential neighbourhood in Patna. The area is served by Digha PS under Patna Police. Digha is mostly known for the "Ghats" mean place near Ganga river. Digha is also known for Rnet Software's (software company located in Digha Bans Kothi), ITI college and WITI (Women's ITI) college. It comes under Digha (Vidhan Sabha constituency). There is a place called Digha Ghat Chauhatta and a colony named Haripur colony.
The JP Setu or Digha Rail-Road Bridge is started from Digha to Sonpur which connects Patna to Sonpur. This is the resident place of an international repute poet namely Tapeshwar Prasad Yadav. He has been selected as one of the awardees in the Category: *Poet of the Year* for the title: *Embers of My Dream* by ukiyoto Literary Awards 2022. Digha has now become the first destination for people who entered in Patna from other district of Bihar from Sonpur route.

Digha Bridge Halt railway station
Digha Bridge Halt is a small railway station in Patna district, Bihar, India. Its railway station code is DGBH. This halt was constructed 3 km north from Patliputra Junction, near Danapur Bankipur road. It saves time for rail passengers going to Gandhi Maidan at least 1 hour. The distance between the Digha–Sonpur Bridge and this halt is around 2 km. Due to this small but functional railway station many students, government employees and elderly people including patients, get easy access to basic transportation to Patna. AIIMS-Digha Elevated Corridor (Patli Path) is parallel to this halt.
Rose Mary Woods
Rose Mary Woods (December 26, 1917 – January 22, 2005) was Richard Nixon's secretary from his days in Congress in 1951 through the end of his political career. Before H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman became the operators of Nixon's presidential campaign, Woods was known as Nixon's gatekeeper.

John Ehrlichman
John Daniel Ehrlichman (/ˈɜːrlɪkmən/; March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was an American political aide who served as White House Counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. Ehrlichman was an important influence on Nixon's domestic policy, coaching him on issues and enlisting his support for environmental initiatives.

Ehrlichman was a key figure in events leading to the Watergate break-in and the ensuing Watergate scandal, for which he was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury, and served a year and a half in prison.
Elgin Park
Elgin Park was a perpetual miniature imaginary village created by artist and photographer Michael Paul Smith in 2008. It was a 1:24-scale recreation of everyday scenes from mid-20th-century America, ranging from the 1920s to the mid-1960s, based loosely on Sewickley, Pennsylvania, where Smith lived for the first seventeen years of his life. Smith, who was "founder, chief architect and mayor" of Elgin Park, photographed with his digital camera, using forced perspective, meticulously arranged scenes from the village and shared them online. Each photograph was a self-contained miniature play, meant to be viewed as a window into his memories and imagination.

Die-cast toy
A die-cast toy (also spelled diecast, or die cast) is a toy or a collectible model produced by using the die-casting method of putting molten lead, zinc alloy or plastic in a mold to produce a particular shape. Such toys are made of metal, with plastic, rubber, glass, or other machined metal parts. Wholly plastic toys are made by a similar process of injection molding, but the two methods are distinct because of the properties of the materials.
The Voice Kids (Polish TV series) series 1
The Voice Kids is a Polish reality talent show that premiered on January 1, 2018 on the TVP 2 television network. The Voice Kids is part of the international syndication The Voice based on the reality singing competition launched in the Netherlands as The Voice Kids, created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. The coaches are Tomson & Baron, Edyta Górniak and Dawid Kwiatkowski. The season was won by then 13-year-old Roksana Węgiel from Jasło. This marked Edyta Górniak's first and only win as a coach.

The Voice Kids (Polish TV series)
The Voice Kids is a Polish reality and talent show that premiered on January 1, 2018, on the TVP 2 television network. The Voice Kids is a part of the internationally syndicated show The Voice and based on the reality singing competition launched in the Netherlands as The Voice Kids. The show was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol.
NGC 2146
NGC 2146 (also known as the Dusty Hand Galaxy) is a barred spiral galaxy type SB(s)ab pec in the constellation Camelopardalis. The galaxy was discovered in 1876 by Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke.

NGC 2146 has an isophotal diameter of 38.3 kiloparsecs (125,000 light-years), slightly larger than the Milky Way. The galaxy's most conspicuous feature is the dusty lanes of a spiral arm lying across the core of the galaxy as seen from Earth, the arm having been bent 45 degrees by a close encounter with a smaller galaxy, possibly NGC 2146A, about 0.8 billion years ago. This close encounter is credited with the relatively high rates of star formation that qualify NGC 2146 as a starburst galaxy.

Starburst galaxy
A starburst galaxy is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy, or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies.

For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M☉/yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M☉/yr or more. While many main-sequence galaxies use up their molecular gas reservoir in 1-2 Gyr, the high rate of star formation in starbursts can deplete all of their star-forming material in scales of 0.1 Gyr - much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution. The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82, NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10.
Robert J. Mazzuca
Robert J. "Bob" Mazzuca (/məˈzuːkə/; born 1947) is a retired professional Scouter and was the 11th Chief Scout Executive of Scouting America (then called the Boy Scouts of America). His term started in 2007, and he retired on August 31, 2012.

Chief Scout Executive
The Chief Scout Executive is the president and chief executive officer of Scouting America. The office holder is a member of the organization’s professional staff and is responsible for its management and operations.

Roger Krone is the current chief scout executive, succeeding Roger Mosby after his retirement in November 2023. Krone is the first chief scout executive appointed after the organization emerged from bankruptcy.