hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jiangjiehe Bridge
The Jiangjiehe Bridge is a concrete arch bridge in Weng'an County, Guizhou, China, spanning 330 metres over the Wu River. At 256 metres high the Jiangjiehe Bridge was the highest bridge in China from 1995 when it opened until 2001 when the 297-metre-high Liuguanghe Bridge was completed. As of 2019, it is among the forty highest bridges in the world. The bridge is located on the provincial S205 road between Weng'an and Honghuagang.

Liuguanghe Bridge
Liuguanghe Bridge is a 297-metre-high (974 ft) beam bridge at Liu Guangzhen, Guizhou, China. It held the record for world's highest bridge from its completion in 2001 until 2003, surpassing the 72-year-old, 291-metre-high (955 ft) Royal Gorge Bridge in the U.S., until the opening of the 366 m (1,201 ft) Beipan River Guanxing Highway Bridge, also in China. As of 2011, it is still the highest beam bridge and among the twenty highest bridges in the world.

The Liuguanghe Bridge forms part of China National Highway 321 between Bijie and Guiyang and has a 240-metre-long (790 ft) span. The highest pillar, which sits on the edge of a steep, deep valley, is 90 metres high.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2024)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom in 2024.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

Do not resuscitate
A do-not-resuscitate order (DNR), also known as Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR), Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR), no code or allow natural death, is a medical order, written or oral depending on the jurisdiction, indicating that a person should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if that person's heart stops beating. Sometimes these decisions and the relevant documents also encompass decisions around other critical or life-prolonging medical interventions. The legal status and processes surrounding DNR orders vary in different polities. Most commonly, the order is placed by a physician based on a combination of medical judgement and patient involvement.
Leonidas J. Skyrianidis
Leonidas J. Skyrianidis (Greek: Λεωνίδας Σκυριανίδης) served as the Headquarters Commissioner of the Scouts of Greece.

In 1974, Skyrianidis was awarded the 90th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Therminea
Therminea (Ancient Greek: Θερμινέα) was a town of ancient Aetolia, near the border of Acarnania. It is known only through epigraphic testimony mentioning the appointment of a theorodokos of Therminea, about the year 356/5 BCE to welcome the theoroi of Epidaurus.

Its exact location is unknown, although by the order it occupies in the list of theorodokoi, after Hyporeiae and before Phylea and Proschium, it is considered to be in Aetolia rather than Acarnania.

Epidaurus
Epidaurus (Greek: Ἐπίδαυρος) was a small city (polis) in ancient Greece, on the Argolid Peninsula at the Saronic Gulf. Two modern towns bear the name Epidavros: Palaia Epidavros and Nea Epidavros. Since 2010 they belong to the new municipality of Epidaurus, part of the regional unit of Argolis. The seat of the municipality is the town Lygourio. The nearby sanctuary of Asclepius and ancient theatre were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1988 because of their exemplary architecture and importance in the development and spread of healing sanctuaries and cults across the ancient Greek and Roman worlds.
Candy pumpkin
A candy pumpkin is a small, pumpkin-shaped, mellow crème candy primarily made from corn syrup, honey, carnauba wax, chocolate, and sugar. Traditionally colored with an orange base and topped with a green stem to make candy pumpkins largely identifiable with Halloween, a candy pumpkin is considered a mellow crème by confectioners since the candy has a marshmallow flavor. Sometimes called candy corn's first cousin, candy pumpkins are made through a starch casting process similar to that for candy corn. Brach's candy pumpkin, known by the trademarked name "Mellowcreme" Pumpkins, is the most popular candy pumpkin. Brach's Confections is now owned by Ferrara Candy Company.

Marshmallow
Marshmallow (UK: /ˌmɑːrʃˈmæloʊ/, US: /ˈmɑːrʃˌmɛloʊ, -mæl-/) is a confection made from sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a solid-but-soft consistency. It is used as a filling in baking or molded into shapes and coated with corn starch. This sugar confection is inspired by a medicinal confection made from Althaea officinalis, the marsh-mallow plant.
Listed buildings in Brettenham, Suffolk
Brettenham is a village and civil parish in the Babergh District of Suffolk, England. It contains 24 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, two are grade II* and 21 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Brettenham, Suffolk
Brettenham is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district of Suffolk, England. In 2005 it had a population of 270, increasing to 353 at the 2011 Census, and reduced to 321 in the 2021 census.

Almost the entire built-up area is defined as a conservation area, and the parish also contains some ancient woodland at Ram's Wood. The village is home to independent prep school, Old Buckenham Hall.
Georg Arnold Heise
Georg Arnold Heise (2 August 1778 – 6 February 1851) was an influential German legal scholar. He served as president of the (Lübeck based) Oberappellationsgericht der vier Freien Städte (High Court of Appeal of the Four Free Cities) for more than three decades and is identified in certain academic circles as a leading representative of the 19th century German Historical School of Jurisprudence.

Pandectists
The Pandectists were German university legal scholars in the early 19th century who studied and taught Roman law as a model of what they called Konstruktionsjurisprudenz (conceptual jurisprudence) as codified in the Pandects of Justinian (Berman).

Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Pandectists were attacked in arguments by noted jurists Julius Hermann von Kirchmann and Rudolf von Jhering, who favored a modern approach of law as a practical means to an end (Weber).

In the United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and other legal realists pushed for laws based on what judges and the courts actually did, rather than the historical and conceptual or academic law of Friedrich Carl von Savigny and the Pandectists (Rosenberg).
Iris Dixon
Iris Mary Bent (later Iris Dixon, 1931–2022) was an Australian cyclist. She won sixteen Australian national titles and was crowned Australian Champion of Champions at least three times. During Bent's career, women's cycling was not yet an event at the world championships or the Olympics. In 1951, she was described by one paper as "the best women's track cyclist in the world today". After the birth of her second children, she stopped racing but she returned to competitive racing in her mid-fifties in the 1970s. Bent was inducted into Cycling Australia Hall of Fame in 2016. In 2025, the Dixon Veloway, a cycling highway, in Melbourne was named for her.

Cycling Victoria
Cycling Victoria (CV) is the peak governing body for organised competitive and recreational cycling within Victoria, Australia. CV is an affiliate of Cycling Australia (CA) and the UCI (International Cycling Union) and currently has 65 affiliated clubs and over 6,000 members throughout Victoria.
Oswaldo Vigas
Oswaldo Vigas (August 4, 1923 – April 22, 2014) was a Venezuelan artist who worked as a painter, muralist, and sculptor. His body of work encompassed paintings, prints, drawings, ceramics, and tapestries. He integrated pre-Columbian with modernist and contemporary artistic currents. He lived and worked in France and Venezuela.

Valencia, Venezuela
Valencia (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈlensja]) is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela.

The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay metropolitan region, which with a population of about 4.5 million is the country's second largest after that of Caracas. Caracas lies some 172 kilometres (107 miles) away to the east.
Gilberto Benetton
Gilberto Benetton (19 June 1941 – 22 October 2018) was an Italian billionaire businessman, one of Europe's most influential industrialists. He was a co-founder of Benetton Group, the Italian fashion brand which he started and ran with his three siblings. In October 2018, Forbes estimated the net worth of Gilberto Benetton, and each of his siblings, at US$2.7 billion. In June 2018, the conglomerate he created had assets of €12.1 billion.

Ponte Morandi
Ponte Morandi (English: Morandi Bridge), officially Viadotto Polcevera (English: Polcevera Viaduct), was a road viaduct in Genoa, Liguria, Italy, constructed between 1963 and 1967 along the A10 motorway over the Polcevera River, from which it derived its official name. It connected Genoa's Sampierdarena and Cornigliano districts across the Polcevera Valley. The bridge was widely called "Ponte Morandi" after its structural designer, engineer Riccardo Morandi.

On 14 August 2018, a 210-metre (690 ft) section of the viaduct collapsed during a rainstorm, resulting in the deaths of 43 people. The collapse led to a year-long state of emergency in the Liguria region, extensive analysis of the structural failure, and widely varying assignment of responsibility.

The remains of the original bridge were demolished in June 2019. The replacement bridge, the Genoa-Saint George Bridge was inaugurated a year later.
Passed pawn
In chess, a passed pawn is a pawn with no opposing pawns to prevent it from advancing to the eighth rank; i.e. there are no opposing pawns in front of it on either the same file or adjacent files.  A passed pawn is sometimes colloquially called a passer.  Passed pawns are advantageous because only the opponent's pieces can stop them from promoting.

In the diagram, the white pawns on b5, c4, and e5 are passed pawns, and Black's pawn on d4 is a passed pawn.  If Black plays ...fxg4, then the black pawn on g4 will be passed, as well as White's pawn on f4.

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Scott Irvine
James Scott Irvine (born 30 December 1953) is a Canadian composer, arranger, and tuba player based in Owen Sound, Ontario. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre and a member of the Canadian League of Composers, he has been commissioned to compose works by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the Laidlaw Foundation, and the Ontario Arts Council. His works have been recorded on a number of commercial releases, including CDs by Joan Watson, Jack Grunsky, the Canadian Chamber Ensemble, and the Berlin Philharmonic. Most of his compositions are written for concert band and brass instruments.

Canadian Opera Company
The Canadian Opera Company (COC) is an opera company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest opera company in Canada and one of the largest opera producers in North America. The COC performs at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, which was purpose-built for opera and ballet and is shared with the National Ballet of Canada.

The company was founded out of the University of Toronto's opera school in 1950 for commercial opera productions at the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In 1961, the company moved its home stage to the O'Keefe Centre (now known as Meridian Hall). In 2006, the company moved to the Four Seasons Centre.
Imam Ali Al Sharqi Mosque
The Imam Ali Al Sharqi Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الإمام علي الشرقي) is a mosque and mausoleum, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River in the city of Ali Al Sharqi, in the Maysan Governorate of Iraq. The mosque was named in honor of Sayyid Ali al-Sharji, known locally as Ali al-Sharqi, an 11th-century saint, who was buried in the mausoleum. The mosque was established in 1959 as a replacement of the 1885 mausoleum.

Maysan Governorate
Maysan Governorate (Arabic: ميسان, romanized: Maysān or Mīsān) is a governorate in southeastern Iraq, bordering Iran. Its administrative centre is the city of Amarah, and it is composed of six districts. Before 1976, it was named Amara Province.
Shanadoo
Shanadoo (Japanese: シャナドゥー, Hepburn: Shanadū) were a Japanese dance and pop girl group. Produced in Germany and Japan, the band consisted of four members, lead singer Marina Kakitsu, along with Chika Takagi, Manami Fuku and Junko Fukuda. They were signed to Icezone Music and Avex.

Bad Boys Blue
Bad Boys Blue are a pop group formed in Cologne in 1984. The group performed many international hits including "You're a Woman", "Pretty Young Girl", "I Wanna Hear Your Heartbeat", and "Come Back and Stay".
P'tit Quinquin (song)
"P'tit Quinquin" is a song by Alexandre Desrousseaux which was written in the Picard language (the local dialect of which is called chti or chtimi in Nord-Pas-de-Calais) in 1853.

Picard is a — now-endangered — language closely related to French, and is spoken in Hauts-de-France region (a merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy) of France and in parts of the Belgian region of Wallonia.

This simple lullaby (P'tit quinquin means "little child") demonstrates the revival of Picard in the area, to the extent that it became the marching song of the northern soldiers leaving for the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.  Today it could be called the unofficial anthem of the French city of Lille, and more generally of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.

Extended Picard lyrics (after first stanza):

Lullaby
A lullaby (/ˈlʌləbaɪ/), or a cradle song, is a soothing song or piece of music that is usually played for (or sung to) children (for adults see music and sleep). The purposes of lullabies vary. In some societies, they are used to pass down cultural knowledge or tradition. In addition, lullabies are often used for the developing of communication skills, indication of emotional intent, maintenance of infants' undivided attention, modulation of infants' arousal, and regulation of behavior. Perhaps one of the most important uses of lullabies is as a sleep aid for infants. As a result, the music is often simple and repetitive. Lullabies can be found in many countries, and have existed since ancient times.
Strategic Defence Review (2025)
The Strategic Defence Review is a review of the United Kingdom's defence policy, published on 2 June 2025. It is the first such review carried out by a Labour government since 2003. The review was led by former NATO Secretary General Lord Robertson, with oversight from Defence Secretary John Healey. It was announced on 16 July 2024 by the newly incumbent Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

Dreadnought-class submarine
The Dreadnought class is the future replacement for the Royal Navy's Vanguard class of ballistic missile submarines. Like their predecessors they will carry Trident II D-5 missiles. The Vanguard submarines entered service in the United Kingdom in the 1990s with an intended service life of 25 years. Their replacement is necessary for maintaining a continuous at-sea deterrent (CASD), the principle of operation behind the Trident system.

Provisionally named "Successor" (being the successor to the Vanguard class SSBNs), it was officially announced in 2016 that the first of class would be named Dreadnought, and that the class would be the Dreadnought class. The next three boats will be called Valiant, Warspite and King George VI.
Standard wet liner inline-four engine
The Standard wet liner inline-four engine was an inline four cylinder petrol engine produced by the Standard Motor Company. Originally developed concurrently for passenger car use and for the Ferguson TE20 tractor, it was widely used for Standard passenger cars of the 1950s, most notably the Vanguard. Later it was successfully used in Standard's popular early generation Triumph TR series sports cars.

The water-cooled overhead valve engine  featured novel advances for an immediate post-war design, which included thin-wall bearings with replaceable shells and loose-fitted wet liners. Displacement varied from 1,850 cc to 2,088 cc (and 2,188 cc in a tractor variant), growing with time.

Tax horsepower
The fiscal / taxable horsepower or just tax horsepower was an early system to calculate road taxation rates for automobiles in a number of key Western European countries such as the UK, Germany, France, Belgium and Italy. Some U.S. states like Illinois also charged license plate purchase and renewal fees for passenger automobiles, based on taxable horsepower. The tax horsepower rating was typically computed not from actual engine power but by mathematical formulae based on cylinder dimensions etc, and varying per country. In the early twentieth century, fiscal power was reasonably close to real power – but as the internal combustion engine developed, real power output outpaced nominal taxable power by a factor of up to ten or more.
Fatehjang Singh Bajwa
Fatehjang Singh Bajwa (born 2 March 1958) is a Bharatiya Janata Party leader and was a member of INC. In the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Qadian.

In 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election  he contested from Batala Assembly constituency but lost the election to Amansher Singh of Aam Aadmi Party. But he still continues his work in this field.

2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
A Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Punjab on 4 February 2017 to elect the 117 members of the Fifteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly. The counting of votes was done on 11 March 2017. The ruling pre-election coalition was the alliance comprising the political parties Shiromani Akali Dal and Bharatiya Janata Party and led by Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal. The voter turnout for the Punjab Assembly election was 77.2% The Indian National Congress led by former Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh defeated the ruling alliance and the newcomer Aam Aadmi Party.
Crom Ua Donnubáin
An Crom Ua Donnubáin or Crom O'Donovan (slain 1254) is the individual characterised as the ancestor of O'Donovans later found in Carbery in County Cork, and later still in distant County Wexford in Leinster. Nothing is known for sure of his life but his progeny, and the circumstances of his slaying and further events which followed. He was the son of Máel Ruanaid, (son of Ragnall), son of Aneislis, son of Murchad, son of Amlaíb, son of Cathal, son of Donnubán, (son of Amlaíb), son of Cathal. An uncle or near relation was Amlaíb Ua Donnubáin, last known king of Uí Chairpre Áebda (Cairbre Eva), slain in 1201.

Cathal mac Donnubáin
Cathal mac Donnubáin is the second known son of Donnubán mac Cathail, king of Uí Fidgenti and an ancestor of the medieval and modern O'Donovan family. He may have succeeded his brother Uainide mac Donnubáin as King of Uí Chairpre Áebda (Cairbre Eva) at his death in 982, no ruler(s) being known after that until 1014. However, this is confused by two notices of the death of Cairpre mac Cléirchín in 1013 or 1014, wherein one he is styled king of Uí Chairpre and in the other of Uí Fidgenti, leaving it uncertain which Cathal might actually have been if either. The rivalry between the two families is unknown but cannot be ruled out.
Common tsessebe
The common tsessebe or sassaby (Damaliscus lunatus lunatus) is the southern, nominate subspecies of Damaliscus lunatus, although some authorities have recognised it as an independent species. It is most closely related to the Bangweulu tsessebe, sometimes also seen as a separate species, less to the topi, korrigum, coastal topi and tiang subspecies of D. lunatus, and less to the bontebok in the same genus. Common tsessebe are found in Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), and South Africa.

Common tsessebe are among the fastest antelopes in Africa and can run at speeds up to 90 km/h (56 mph).

Tiang (antelope)
The tiang (Damaliscus lunatus tiang) is a subspecies of the topi, an African antelope.

Depending on which topi populations are classified as tiang, they may be found in southern Chad, the northern Central African Republic, and southwestern South Sudan to southwestern Ethiopia, and extreme northwestern Kenya, or Uganda, South Sudan and Ethiopia.
Bell Multicultural High School
Bell Multicultural High School is a public school located in the neighborhood of Columbia Heights in Washington, D.C., United States.  Bell Multicultural is a part of the District of Columbia Public Schools. As of May 2008, the principal is Maria Tukeva.

District of Columbia Public Schools
The District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) is the local public school system for the District of Columbia, in the United States. It is distinct from the District of Columbia Public Charter Schools (DCPCS), which governs public charter schools in the district.
Węgorza
Węgorza [vɛnˈɡɔʐa] (German: Alt Fanger) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osina, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Osina, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 38 km (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 420.

Osina, Goleniów County
Osina [ɔˈɕina] (German: Schönhagen) is a village in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Osina. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Goleniów and 36 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Michel-Marie Poulain
Michel-Marie Poulain (born 5 December 1906, Nogent-sur-Marne, died 9 February 1991, Mandelieu-la-Napoule) was a French transgender performer and self-taught painter whose work was influenced by Matisse and by Raoul and Jean Dufy, and whose style and technique were compared to those of Bernard Buffet and Marc Chagall.

Jean Dufy
Jean Dufy (March 12, 1888 – May 12, 1964) was a French painter of Parisian society, country scenes, circuses, horse races, theatrical productions, and orchestras. His work was exhibited in museums and galleries throughout his career.