hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merrill M. Flood
Merrill Meeks Flood (1908 – 1991) was an American mathematician, notable for developing, with Melvin Dresher, the basis of the game theoretical Prisoner's dilemma model of cooperation and conflict while being at RAND in 1950 (Albert W. Tucker gave the game its prison-sentence interpretation, and thus the name by which it is known today).

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) is an international society for practitioners in the fields of operations research (O.R.), management science, and analytics. It was established in 1995 with the merger of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) and The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS).

The INFORMS Roundtable includes institutional members from operations research departments at major organizations.

INFORMS administers the honor society Omega Rho.
Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.

John Boswell
John Eastburn Boswell (March 20, 1947 – December 24, 1994) was an American historian and a full professor at Yale University. Many of Boswell's studies focused on the issue of religion and homosexuality, specifically Christianity and homosexuality. Much of his work addressed the history of marginalized groups, particularly in the context of religion and sexuality.

His first book, The Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities Under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century, appeared in 1977. In 1994, Boswell's fourth book, Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe, was published. He died that same year from AIDS-related complications.
Abu Zahar Ithnin
Abu Zahar bin Ithnin (14 September 1937–12 July 2013) was a Malaysian politician and the Chief Minister of Malacca from May 1997 to December 1999. He had also been Malacca State Legislative Assembly Speaker. His daughter, Dira Abu Zahar is also a politician and former actress.

Chief Minister of Malacca
The chief minister of Malacca (Malay: Ketua Menteri Melaka) is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Malacca. According to convention, the chief minister is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly. The position has been held by Ab Rauf Yusoh since 31 March 2023.
2015 Copa Libertadores first stage
The 2015 Copa Libertadores first stage was played from February 3 to February 12, 2015. A total of 12 teams competed in the first stage to decide six of the 32 places in the second stage of the 2015 Copa Libertadores.

2015 Copa Libertadores
The 2015 Copa Libertadores de América (officially the 2015 Copa Bridgestone Libertadores for sponsorship reasons) was the 56th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

Argentine team River Plate qualified to play in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2016 Recopa Sudamericana as the best-placed South American team, before winning the final against Mexican team UANL 3–0 on aggregate to win their third title. San Lorenzo were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the group stage.
Biosignature
A biosignature is a phenomenon that can be explained by biological processes where all possible abiotic causes of this phenomenon have been eliminated. This term is mainly used in the field of astrobiology in the search for past or present extraterrestrial life, from planets and moons in the Solar System to exoplanets. Candidate biosignatures strongly indicate some of the earliest known life forms, aid studies of the origin of life on Earth as well as the possibility of life on Mars, Venus and elsewhere in the universe.

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
Arizona's 6th legislative district
Arizona's 6th legislative district is one of 30 in the state, consisting of all of Apache County and sections of Coconino County, Gila County, Graham County, Mohave County, Navajo County, and Pinal County. As of 2023, there are 108 precincts in the district, with a total registered voter population of  151,306. The district has an overall population of 225,474.

Following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, the Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission (AIRC) redrew legislative district boundaries in Arizona. The 6th district was drawn to guarantee a majority Native American constituency, with 61% of residents being non-Hispanic Native Americans. According to the AIRC, the district is outside of competitive range and considered leaning Democratic.

Graham County, Arizona
Graham County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,533, making it the third-least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Safford.

Graham County composes the Safford, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The county is home to several organizations including Eastern Arizona College and the Mount Graham International Observatory, which includes one of the world's largest and most powerful telescopes. Graham County is also home to the Arizona Salsa Trail and the annual Salsa Fest.

Graham County contains part of the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's road time trial H4–5
The women's road time trial H4–5 road cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 31 August 2021, at Fuji Speedway, Tokyo. 12 riders competed in the event.

The event covers the following two classifications, that both use hand-operated bicycles:

H4: paraplegics with impairment from T11 down, and amputees unable to kneel.

H5: athletes who can kneel on a handcycle, a category that includes paraplegics and amputees.

Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place in two separate locations. Track cycling took place at the Izu Velodrome from 25 to 28 August 2021 and road cycling took place on the Fuji Speedway from 31 August to 3 September 2021.

The 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

The competition was dominated by the squads from Great Britain and The Netherlands, winning 19 gold medals from 51 events. Great Britain, as in 2008, 2012 and 2016 dominated the track events, while the Netherlands were particularly strong in road racing.

Among the highlights were Great Britain's Sarah Storey becoming her country's most successful ever Paralympian, echoing the achievement of Jason Kenny in the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning her 15th, 16th and 17th gold medals in her eighth Paralympic Games.
Bajadero, Puerto Rico
Bajadero is a community in the municipality of Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,710. Three barrios border each other and each contains a section of the community. The Bajadero community in the barrio of Arenalejos had a population of 2,380 in 2010. The Bajadero community in the barrio of Carreras had a population of 64 in 2010 and the Bajadero community in the barrio of Domingo Ruíz had a population of 1,266 in 2010. There is a U.S. Post office in the community of Bajadero and its zip code is 00616.

Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Arecibo (/ˌærəˈsiːboʊ/; Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈsiβo]) is a city and municipality on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, located north of Utuado and Ciales; east of Hatillo; and west of Barceloneta and Florida. It is about 50 miles (80 km) west of San Juan, the capital city. Arecibo is the largest municipality in Puerto Rico by area, and it is the core city of the Arecibo Metropolitan Statistical Area and part of the greater San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area. It is spread over 18 barrios and Arecibo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). Its population in 2020 was 87,754.

The Arecibo Observatory, which housed the Arecibo Telescope, the world's largest radio telescope until July 2016, is located in the municipality. The Arecibo telescope collapsed on December 1, 2020. Arecibo is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo.
Ōpōtiki District Council
Ōpōtiki District Council or Opotiki District Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera o Ōpōtiki) is the territorial authority for the Ōpōtiki District of New Zealand.

The council is led by the mayor of Ōpōtiki, who is currently David Moore. There are also six ward councillors.

The Opotiki County Council changed its name to Opotiki District Council on 2 October 1986. It was reconstituted on 1 November 1989 as part of nationwide local government reforms.

Territorial authorities of New Zealand
The territorial authorities of New Zealand are the country's municipal local government entities, existing alongside the country's regional councils. There are 67 such authorities, including 12 city councils, 53 district councils and 2 sui generis councils (Auckland Council and Chatham Islands Council). Five territorial authorities also have the powers of regional councils, and these are called unitary authorities.

Territorial authorities are not subservient to regional councils, and several of them have jurisdictions overlapping multiple regional council areas. Territorial authorities are responsible for the administration of local matters and resources. These include roads, building consents, water supply and sanitation, amongst other responsibilities. They are not responsible for broader regional environmental management or public transport, as those are the responsibilities of the regional councils.
Shama Sikander
Shama Sikander Ali Gesawat is an Indian actress and fashion designer, known for her roles in television series, films, and web series. She gained recognition for her portrayal of Pooja Mehta in the popular television show Yeh Meri Life Hai (2003–2005). Over the years, she has appeared in several Bollywood films, short films, and web series, including Sexaholic (2016) and Maaya: Slave of Her Desires (2017).

Yash Raj Films
Yash Raj Films (YRF) is an Indian film production and distribution company founded by filmmaker Yash Chopra in 1970. Since 2012, it has been led by his son Aditya Chopra. The company primarily produces and distributes Hindi films and has played a significant role in shaping the Hindi film industry.
1988 European Indoors
The 1988 European Indoors was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Saalsporthalle Allmend in Zürich in Switzerland and was part of the Category 3 of the 1988 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 17 October through 23 October 1988. First-seeded Pam Shriver won the singles title  and earned $40,000 first-prize money.

1988 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1988 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the 16th elite tour for professional women's tennis of the Women's International Tennis Association (WITA) for the 1988 season. The 1988 Virginia Slims World Championship Series included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WITA Tour Championships and the WTA Category 1-5 events. ITF tournaments were not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.

The tour was governed by the Women's International Professional Tennis Council (WIPTC), a cooperation between WITA, ITF and recognized tournaments. Philip Morris sponsored the tour under its 
Virginia Slims brand.

Steffi Graf became the first singles player in history to win the Golden Slam by taking the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open singles titles, along with the Olympic gold medal. Graf's defeat by Pam Shriver in the semifinals of the Virginia Slims Championships deprived her of a Super Slam.
Linda Vista, Pasadena, California
Linda Vista is a neighborhood in Pasadena, California. It is one of Pasadena's wealthiest neighborhoods, and its largest by area. It is bordered by Oak Grove Drive to the north, Colorado Boulevard to the south, the Pasadena-Glendale border to the west, and Linda Vista Avenue to the east.

Annandale, California
Annandale is a former community in Los Angeles County, California that is now a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California and Pasadena, California. The Pasadena portion is bordered by Colorado Boulevard to the north, San Rafael Avenue to the east, and the Pasadena-Los Angeles border to the south and west.  The Los Angeles portion is approximately bordered by Meridian Street, Figueroa Street, Colorado Blvd and the Pasadena-Los Angeles border. The main roads through the neighborhood are Figueroa Street, Avenue 64 and La Loma Road.

The portions of Annandale now in Los Angeles were annexed by Los Angeles on February 24, 1924.

The Pacific Electric Railway served Annandale with the Annandale Line from 1902 to 1928.
2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads
The following is a list of squads for each national team that competed at the 2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship in Bulgaria. Each national team had to submit a squad of 18 players born after 1 January 1998.

Players in boldface have been capped at full international level at some point in their career.

2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the 14th edition of the UEFA European Under-17 Championship (33rd edition if the Under-16 era was also included), the annual European youth football competition contested by the men's under-17 national teams of the member associations of UEFA. Bulgaria hosted the tournament. The finals featured 16 teams for the first time since 2002, as the number of teams was increased from eight in the previous tournament. Players born on or after 1 January 1998 were eligible to participate in this competition.

The final tournament also acted as the UEFA qualifier for the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Chile, with six teams qualifying (the four semi-finalists and the two winners of play-off matches between the losing quarter-finalists).

Each match lasted 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes, with an interval of 15 minutes.
Robert Uffen
Robert James Uffen, OC FRSC (September 21, 1923 – July 18, 2009) was a Canadian research geophysicist, professor, and university administrator. He was the first dean of The University of Western Ontario Faculty of Science.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Trichology
Trichology is the study of the hair and scalp. The term derives from Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx), "hair"  and -λογία -logia. In most jurisdictions the title of a trichologist, not the field of trichology, is considered a para-medical discipline.

The Institute of Trichologists was founded in 1902. The first journal for the field, International Journal of Trichology, was founded in 2009.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
CDemu
CDemu is a free and open-source virtual drive software, designed to emulate an optical drive and optical disc (including CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs) on the Linux operating system.

As of 30 June 2019, CDemu is not available in the official repositories of Debian, Ubuntu and Fedora Linux for any release, but it is available via official PPA for Ubuntu and COPR for Fedora Linux.

Optical disc image
An optical disc image (or ISO image, from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media) is a disk image that contains everything that would be written to an optical disc, disk sector by disc sector, including the optical disc file system. ISO images contain the binary image of an optical media file system (usually ISO 9660 and its extensions or UDF), including the data in its files in binary format, copied exactly as they were stored on the disc. The data inside the ISO image will be structured according to the file system that was used on the optical disc from which it was created.

ISO images can be created from optical discs by disk imaging software, or from a collection of files by optical disc authoring software, or from a different disk image file by means of conversion. Software distributed on bootable discs is often available for download in ISO image format; like any other ISO image, it may be written to an optical disc such as CD, DVD and Blu-Ray.
Wister, Philadelphia
Wister is a neighborhood in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is bounded by Chelten Avenue to the north, Germantown Avenue to the west, Belfield Avenue to the east, and Wister Street to the south.
Wister is a section within Germantown.
The Clarkson-Watson House, Fisher's Lane, Grumblethorpe, Grumblethorpe Tenant House, and Ivy Lodge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Grumblethorpe
Grumblethorpe was the home of the Wister family in the present-day Germantown section of Philadelphia, who lived there for over 160 years. It was built in 1744 as a summer residence, but it became the family's year-round residence in 1793. It is a museum, part of the Colonial Germantown Historic District.
Rhinotropis
Rhinotropis is a small genus in the family Polygalaceae. It was separated as a genus from Polygala by J. Richard Abbott in 2011. It is native to the south and west of the United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah) and to Mexico.

Polygala
Polygala is a large genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. They are commonly known as milkworts or snakeroots. The genus is distributed widely throughout much of the world in temperate zones and the tropics. The genus name Polygala comes from the ancient Greek "much milk", as the plant was thought to increase milk yields in cattle.
Trident Microsystems
Trident Microsystems Inc. was an American fabless semiconductor company that became in the 1990s a well-known supplier of integrated circuits (commonly called "chips") for video display controllers used in video cards and on motherboards for desktop PCs and laptops. In 2003, it transformed itself into being a supplier of display processors for digital televisions, and primarily LCD TVs starting from 2005, at a time when the global LCD TV market started showing strong growth.

It filed for bankruptcy protection in January 2012 and the delisting of its common stock from the NASDAQ stock market was announced shortly thereafter.

ALi Corporation
ALi Corporation (formerly Acer Laboratories Incorporated or Acer Labs Inc., and commonly known as ALi) is a major designer and manufacturer of embedded systems integrated circuits, and a former manufacturer of personal computer integrated circuits. It is based in Taiwan, and was a subsidiary of the Acer group.

The company was founded in 1987, and later spun off from Acer group in 1993. Its president is Teddy Lu. Part of ALi including the personal computer integrated circuits business was spun off as ULi Electronics Inc. in June 2003. ULi was acquired by Nvidia in 2006 for $52 million.
Hirsch, Saskatchewan
Hirsch is a hamlet in the RM of Coalfields in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and is located about 18 miles east of the city of Estevan along Highway 18. The post office originally opened on 1 December 1893 with the town misspelled as "Hirsh". It closed on 31 March 1970.

Jewish Colonisation Association
The Jewish Colonisation Association (JCA or ICA; (Yiddish/Hebrew: יק"א)) was an organisation created on September 11, 1891, by Baron Maurice de Hirsch. Its aim was to facilitate the mass emigration of Jews from Russia and other Eastern European countries, by settling them in agricultural settlements on lands purchased by the committee in North America (Canada and the United States), South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Palestine (then part of the Ottoman Empire). Today ICA is still active in Israel in supporting specific development projects under the name Jewish Charitable Association (ICA).
Philippine Rabbit
Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc. (PRBL) is a provincial bus company in the Philippines. It was founded in 1946 and is one of the oldest bus companies in the country. The company's area of coverage extends from Metro Manila to Baguio and northern provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac. Its main terminal in Metro Manila is along Avenida in Santa Cruz, Manila.

Philippine Rabbit was once known for their red, rivet-studded buses powered by Isuzu, with the illuminated sign at the front, which once became a staple of roads in Northern Luzon. They were eventually supplanted by more modern Nissan Diesel units.

Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company, often referred to as Hyundai Motors (Korean: 현대자동차) and commonly known as Hyundai (현대; [ˈhjəːndɛ]; 'modernity'), is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, which was founded in 1967. Currently, the company owns 33.88 percent of Kia Corporation, and owns a luxury cars subsidiary, Genesis. The three brands altogether make up the Hyundai Motor Group.

Hyundai operates the second largest automobile manufacturing facility in the world in Ulsan, South Korea which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units. The company employs approximately 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. As of November 2024, Hyundai is the world's third-largest carmaker in terms of production, behind competitors Toyota and Volkswagen.