hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Long-term support
Long-term support (LTS) is a product lifecycle management policy in which a stable release of computer software is maintained for a longer period of time than the standard edition. The term is typically reserved for open-source software, where it describes a software edition that is supported for months or years longer than the software's standard edition. This is often called an extended-support release.

Short-term support (STS) is a term that distinguishes the support policy for the software's standard edition. STS software has a comparatively short life cycle, and may be afforded new features that are omitted from the LTS edition to avoid potentially compromising the stability or compatibility of the LTS release.

IT risk
Information technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on information, information processing and especially IT.  Various events or incidents that compromise IT in some way can therefore cause adverse impacts on the organization's business processes or mission, ranging from inconsequential to catastrophic in scale.

Assessing the probability or likelihood of various types of event/incident with their predicted impacts or consequences, should they occur, is a common way to assess and measure IT risks.  Alternative methods of measuring IT risk typically involve assessing other contributory factors such as the threats, vulnerabilities, exposures, and asset values.
Norwegian Institute at Athens
The Norwegian Institute at Athens (Norwegian: Det Norske Institutt I Athen; Greek: Νορβηγικό Ινστιτούτο Αθηνών) is one of the 19 foreign archaeological institutes operating in Athens, Greece.

The Institute aims to promote research in all areas of Greek Studies by Norwegian scholars. It contributes, with its Danish, Finnish and Swedish counterparts, to the Nordic Library at Athens. Its archaeological activities, since its foundation in 1989, include archaeological survey in Arcadia, deep-water archaeological survey in the Northern Sporades and off Ithaca (Ionian Islands), and excavations at Petropigi (Kavala regional unit), and at Tegea (Arcadia) where the city and the sanctuary of Athena Alea are under investigation.

Finnish Institute at Athens
The Finnish Institute at Athens (Greek: Φινλανδικό Iνστιτούτο Aθηνών, Finlandikó Institoúto Athinón, FIA) is a scientific institute of Finland, operating in Athens, Greece. The institute's main objective is to practice and promote research on Greek archaeology, history, language and culture from antiquity until the present day. It is one of the 19 foreign archaeological institutes operating in Greece.

The institute opened in 1984, which makes it the second oldest scientific institute of Finland operating abroad. The current director of the institute is Petra Pakkanen (2021–). The institute's operations are sustained and founded by the Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens.
Western marsh harrier
The western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa. It is also known as the Eurasian marsh harrier. Formerly, a number of relatives were included in C. aeruginosus, which was then known as "marsh harrier". The related taxa are now generally considered to be separate species: the eastern marsh harrier (C. spilonotus), the Papuan harrier (C. spilothorax) of eastern Asia and the Wallacea, the swamp harrier (C. approximans) of Australasia and the Madagascar marsh harrier (C. maillardi) of the western Indian Ocean islands.

The western marsh harrier is often divided into two subspecies, the widely migratory C. a. aeruginosus which is found across most of its range, and C. a. harterti which is resident all-year in north-west Africa.

Malagasy harrier
The Malagasy harrier (Circus macrosceles) is a bird of prey belonging to the marsh harrier group of harriers. It inhabits Madagascar and the Comoro Islands in the Indian Ocean. It was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the Réunion harrier (C. maillardi) but is increasingly treated as a separate species. It is also known as the Madagascar harrier, Madagascar marsh harrier or Malagasy marsh harrier.
Tamar River Conservation Area
41°20′23.39″S 147°2′3.06″E﻿ / ﻿41.3398306°S 147.0341833°E﻿ / -41.3398306; 147.0341833

The Tamar Conservation Area covers approximately 4,633 ha on the Tamar River estuary in Tasmania. It includes the Tamar Island Wetlands Reserve and a stretches through the upper part of the Tamar Estuary from St Leonards to the Batman Bridge.  It is a popular area for birdwatching and is about 15 minutes drive from Launceston. There are approximately 3.2 km of walking tracks at the wetlands including a boardwalk for easy access to the island.

The site lies within the Tamar Wetlands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in supporting over 1% of the world populations of pied oystercatchers and chestnut teals.  The Tasmanian State of the Environment report in 2003 described the Tamar estuary as one of the five catchments statewide with the highest percentage area under urban and suburban land use.

Tamar River
The Tamar River, officially kanamaluka / River Tamar, is a 70-kilometre (43-mile) estuary located in northern Tasmania, Australia. Despite being named a river, the waterway is a brackish and tidal estuary over its entire length.
Sainte-Marie River
The Sainte-Marie River (French: Rivière Sainte-Marie) is a tributary of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, flowing in the municipality of L'Île-d'Anticosti, in the Minganie Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Sainte-Marie River is the most westerly river in the SÉPAQ Anticosti territory. The "Rivière-Sainte-Marie" sports camp was built during the 20th century, west of the mouth of this stream.

The main forest road (east-west) of Anticosti Island serves the upper part of this valley. A network of secondary roads connect to this main road, as well as to the west to a forest road network for forestry purposes.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this area; recreational tourism activities, second.

L'Île-d'Anticosti, Quebec
L'Île-d'Anticosti (French pronunciation: [lil dɑ̃tikɔsti]) is a municipality located on the Anticosti island, between the straits of Jacques Cartier and Honguedo, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Minganie Regional County Municipality, Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada.
Woolwich pub bombing
The Woolwich pub bombing was an attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on the Kings Arms, a public house in Woolwich in southeast London, on 7 November 1974. Two people were killed in the explosion.

Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich
Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich, is a barracks of the British Army which forms part of Woolwich Garrison. The Royal Regiment of Artillery had its headquarters here from 1776 until 2007, when it was moved to Larkhill Garrison.
Asian immigration to the United States
Asian immigration to the United States refers to immigration to the United States from part of the continent of Asia, which includes East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Asian-origin populations have historically been in the territory that would eventually become the United States since the 16th century. The first major wave of Asian immigration occurred in the late 19th century, primarily in Hawaii and the West Coast. Asian Americans experienced exclusion, and limitations to immigration, by the United States law between 1875 and 1965, and were largely prohibited from naturalization until the 1940s. Since the elimination of Asian exclusion laws and the reform of the immigration system in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, there has been a large increase in the number of immigrants to the United States from Asia.

United States Border Patrol
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and is responsible for securing the borders of the United States. According to its website as of 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nation’s economic prosperity."

With 19,648 agents in 2019, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. For fiscal year 2017, Congress enacted a budget of $3,805,253,000 for the Border Patrol.
MMST
MMST (Hebrew: ממשת‎ MMŠT) is a word written in Paleo-Hebrew abjad script. It appears exclusively on LMLK seal inscriptions, seen in archaeological findings from the ancient Kingdom of Judah, whose meaning has been the subject of continual controversy.

Louis-Hugues Vincent
Louis-Hugues Vincent OP (31 August 1872 – 30 December 1960) was a French archaeologist, friar of the Dominican Order, who was educated at Jerusalem's École Biblique. He undertook important archaeological research in Palestine (region), primarily during the Mandatory Palestine period.
Henrique II of Kongo
Henrique II was ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1794 – 1803.

His rule came after the end of a period of conflict in the kingdom after the death of Afonso V, who was said to have been poisoned. Henrique was able to take the throne as a compromise between the various powerful factions which had been brokered by the Água Rosada house, the descendants of Pedro IV, who had familial ties to branches of both Kinlaza and Kimpanzu houses. Under this peace, Henrique was able to rebuild the nation, and eventually passed the throne on to Garcia V, a member of the Água Rosada house.

Garcia V of Kongo
Garcia V (died 1830) was ruler (Manikongo) of the Kingdom of Kongo from 1803 until January 1830.

He returned the Kingdom of Kongo to the rule of the Água Rosada dynasty, founded by Pedro IV, after a number of Kinlaza kings. He was succedded by his son André II Mvizi a Luken.
1994 WR12
1994 WR12 is an asteroid and near-Earth object approximately 130 meters (430 feet) in diameter. As a member of the Aten group almost all of its orbit is closer to the Sun than Earth is. On 24 November 1994 it passed about 374100 km from the Moon. First imaged at Kitami Observatory on 26 November 1994, it was discovered two nights later by American astronomer Carolyn S. Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory on 28 November 1994. The asteroid then went unobserved from 1994 until it was recovered by Mauna Kea in March 2016. It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 2 April 2016.

Aten asteroid
The Aten asteroids are a dynamical group of asteroids whose orbits bring them into proximity with Earth. By definition, Atens are Earth-crossing asteroids (a < 1.0 AU and Q > 0.983 AU). The group is named after 2062 Aten, the first of its kind, discovered on 7 January 1976 by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory. As of January 2025, 2,966 Atens have been discovered, of which 271 are numbered, 14 are named, and 197 are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids.
Timanophon
Timanophon is an extinct genus of procolophonine procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic deposits of Arkhangelsk, Russia. It is known from the holotype PIN 3359/11, a partial skeleton including nearly complete skull and lower jaw which was previously referred to Burtensia sp. by Ivakhnenko in 1975. It was collected in the Mezenskaya Pizhma and Lower Syamzhen'ga localities from the Pizhmomezenskoi Formation. Ten additional specimens from the same localities are PIN 3359/1-3, 3359/63-65 and 4364/35-38. The fragmentary dentaries PIN 3360/1-3 were collected in the Vybor River locality, from the same formation. All specimens came from the Ustmylian Gorizont, dating to the early Olenekian faunal stage of the Early Triassic, about 249-247 million years ago. It was first named by I. V. Novikov in 1991 and the type species is Timanophon raridentatus.

Procolophoninae
Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is Procolophon from the earliest Olenekian stage.
History of Leipzig
Leipzig's history has been shaped by its importance as a trading centre. Initially, its favourable location at the crossroads of trade routes and the privileges granted to its trade fairs gave it its leading position in the trade of goods; later printing and book trade were added. Leipzig was never a royal residence or a  bishop's seat, and was always characterised by its bourgeois character. In 1409, the city became the seat of one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking area. Over the last two centuries, Leipzig has experienced strong growth and was for a time the fourth largest German city after Berlin, Hamburg and Breslau, even ahead of Munich. As an industrial location, it has declined in importance since reunification, but continues to assert itself as a trade fair city, a university city and through its cultural heritage.

St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig
The St. Nicholas Church (German: Nikolaikirche) is one of the major churches of central Leipzig, Germany (in Leipzig's district Mitte). Construction started in Romanesque style in 1165, but in the 16th century, the church was turned into a Gothic hall church. Baroque elements like the tower were added in the 18th century.

In the 18th century, several works by Johann Sebastian Bach, who was as Thomaskantor the music director of Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche from 1723 to 1750, premiered here. The Neoclassical interior dates to the late 18th century.

The church rose to national fame in 1989 with the Monday Demonstrations when it became the centre of peaceful revolt against communist rule. By capacity, it is one of the largest churches in Saxony.
African hair threading
African hair threading (also known as hair threading/ threading) is a traditional hairstyling technique deeply rooted in African culture. This practice involves intricately wrapping or braiding the natural hair with threads, often made of wool, cotton, or Nylon threads creating elaborate patterns.

Hairstyle
A hairstyle, hairdo, haircut, or coiffure refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.

The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding, which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also frequently kept covered outside the home, especially for married women.
Latin soul
Latin soul (occasionally used synonymously with boogaloo) was a short-lived musical genre that had developed in the 1960s in New York City. It consisted of a blend of Cuban music such as mambo, along with elements of Latin jazz and soul music. Although short-lived, the genre had a very great influence on the growing salsa movement which would dominate the New York Latin music scene in the 1970s. Today, the term is typically used for artists of Hispanic and Latin American descent producing R&B and/or soul music.

Latin soul heavily emphasized its Afro-Cuban rhythms and featured songs sung mainly in English. The style grew out of an attempt on the part of Latin musicians in New York City to expand the reach of their music beyond the local Latin community and into the broader mainstream American society.

Latin jazz
Latin jazz is a genre of jazz with Latin American rhythms. The two main categories are Afro-Cuban jazz, rhythmically based on Cuban popular dance music, with a rhythm section employing ostinato patterns or a clave, and Afro-Brazilian jazz, which includes samba and bossa nova.
Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel
The Flyvefisken-class patrol vessels ("Flying fish" in Danish) are warships of the Royal Danish Navy. The class is also known as the Standard Flex 300 or SF300 class. The five vessels sold to the Portuguese Navy are locally referred as Tejo class.

MU90 Impact
The MU90 Impact is a Franco-Italian advanced lightweight anti-submarine torpedo of the third generation developed for the French and Italian navies, as well as for export. It is designed to outperform the United States-built Mark 54 in and was developed in a special MU90 Hard Kill version for anti-torpedo defence.  It is built by EuroTorp, a consortium of French and Italian companies.
Science and technology in Jamaica
The Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) sector in Jamaica is guided by two primary institutions – the National Commission on Science and Technology (NCST) and the Scientific Research Council (SRC). Both operate under the Ministry of Science, Energy, Telecommunications and Transport (MSETT).

SLOWPOKE reactor
The SLOWPOKE (backronym for Safe LOW-POwer Kritical Experiment) is a family of low-energy, tank-in-pool type nuclear research reactors designed by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) beginning in the late 1960s. John W. Hilborn (born 1926 or 1927) is the scientist most closely associated with their design. They are beryllium-reflected with a very low critical mass, but provide neutron fluxes higher than available from a small particle accelerator or other radioactive sources.
Sitt al-Mulk
Sitt al-Mulk (Arabic: ست الملك, lit. 'Lady of the Kingdom'; 970–1023) was a Fatimid princess. After the disappearance of her half-brother, the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, in 1021, she was instrumental in securing the succession of her nephew Ali az-Zahir, and acted as the de facto ruler of the state until her death on 5 February 1023.

Yaacov Lev
Yaacov Lev (Hebrew: יעקב לב) is an Israeli historian of the medieval Middle East, with focus on the Islamic states of the region, particularly Egypt.

Born in 1948, he studied at the University of Manchester, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1978. He then worked as professor of the Department of Middle Eastern Studies at Bar-Ilan University.
Al-Mina
Al-Mina (Arabic: "the port") is the modern name given by Leonard Woolley to an ancient trading post on the Mediterranean coast of northern Syria, at the mouth of the Orontes River. It is now located in Hatay province in Turkey, in the urban area of Samandağ. Because of the changes in the coastline, it is now about 2 km away from the coast.

Ras al-Bassit
Ras al-Bassit (Arabic: رأس البسيط), the classical Posidium or Posideium (Ancient Greek: Ποσιδήιον and Ποσείδιον, Posidḗion), is a small town in Syria named for a nearby cape. It has been occupied since at least the late Bronze Age and was a fortified port under Greek and Roman rule. Herodotus—although not later classical geographers—made it the northwestern point of Syria. Its beaches have a distinctive black sand and are a popular resort destination within Syria.
Scottish Arts Council
The Scottish Arts Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Ealain na h-Alba), was a Scottish public body responsible for the funding, development and promotion of the arts in Scotland. The Council primarily distributed funding from the Scottish Government as well as National Lottery funds received via the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The Scottish Arts Council was formed in 1994 following a restructuring of the Arts Council of Great Britain, but had existed as an autonomous body since a royal charter of 1967. In 2010 it merged with Scottish Screen to form Creative Scotland.

Public bodies of the Scottish Government
Public bodies of the Scottish Government (Scottish Gaelic: Buidhnean Poblach Riaghaltas na h-Alba) are organisations that are funded by the Scottish Government. They form a tightly meshed network of executive and advisory non-departmental public bodies ("quangoes"); tribunals; and nationalised industries. Such public bodies are distinct from executive agencies of the Scottish Government, as unlike them they are not considered to be part of the Government and staff of public bodies are not civil servants, although executive agencies are listed in the Scottish Government's directory of national public bodies alongside other public bodies.
Panth
Panth (also panthan, meaning "path" in Sanskrit), also called the Sampradaya, is the term used for several religious traditions in India. A panth is founded by a guru or an acharya in guru-shishya parampara, and is often led by scholars or senior practitioners of the tradition.

Acharya
In Indian religions and society, an acharya (Sanskrit: आचार्य, IAST: ācārya; Pali: ācariya) is a religious teacher in Hinduism and Buddhism and a spiritual guide to Hindus and Buddhists. The designation has different meanings in Hinduism, Buddhism and secular contexts.

Acharya is sometimes used to address an expert teacher or a scholar in any discipline, e.g.: Bhaskaracharya, the expert mathematician.
Michael Mahlabe
Michael Mahlabe is a South African cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Limpopo in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup on 13 September 2019. In April 2021, he was named in Limpopo's squad, ahead of the 2021–22 cricket season in South Africa.

Limpopo cricket team
Limpopo cricket team, also called the Limpopo Impalas, are a first-class cricket team representing Limpopo, the northernmost province of South Africa. Limpopo Impala Cricket has its headquarters in Polokwane, and the team plays home games at the Polokwane Cricket Club Ground.
Asarum virginicum
Asarum virginicum, commonly known as Virginia heartleaf, is a prostrate perennial plant in the Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family). It is found in the mideastern United States from Maryland and Virginia in the north, south to North Carolina and Tennessee. The plant is encountered in deciduous and mixed forests. Its flowers emerge in early spring from April through June.

Aristolochiaceae
The Aristolochiaceae (English: /əˌrɪstəˈloʊkiəsii/) are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with eight genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is Aristolochia L.
Esumeja
Esumeja,Asumennya, Assumegya or Essumeja is a town in the Bekwai Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In the early nineties, Odeneho Nana Oduro Numapau II was the Paramount Chief of the Esumeja Traditional Area. As at 2010, Nana Adwoa Obro Pokuaa Nyankronpon was the Queenmother of the town.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Vostok-L
Vostok‑L (Russian: Восток, lit. 'East', GRAU index: 8K72) was a rocket used by the Soviet Union to conduct several early tests of the Vostok spacecraft.

It was derived from the Luna rocket, with a slightly enlarged third stage to accommodate the larger payload. and was a member of the Vostok family of rockets.

Vostok (spacecraft)
Vostok (Russian: Восток, lit. 'East') was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight was accomplished with Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

The Vostok programme made six crewed spaceflights from 1961 through 1963. This was followed in 1964 and 1965 by two flights of Vostok spacecraft modified for up to three pilots, identified as Voskhod. By the late 1960s, these were replaced with Soyuz spacecraft, which are still used as of 2025.