hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glycerol ester of wood rosin
Glycerol ester of wood rosin (GEWR), also known as glyceryl abietate, gum rosin or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445). The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water, and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing gum and ice cream.

To make the glycerol ester of wood rosin, refined wood rosin (for example, from solvent extraction of aged pine stumps) is reacted with glycerin to produce the glycerol ester.

Glycerol ester of wood rosin is an alternative to brominated vegetable oil in citrus oil-flavored soft drinks. In some cases, both ingredients are used together.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
Darker My Love
Darker My Love was a psychedelic rock band based in Los Angeles, California. Guitarist/vocalist Tim Presley, a former member of the hardcore punk band the Nerve Agents, formed the band in 2004 with drummer and former Nerve Agents bandmate Andy Granelli, then also of the Distillers. They were joined shortly thereafter by bass guitarist Rob Barbato, who shared songwriting and vocals with Presley, and rhythm guitarist Jared "The Sandwich" Everett. Will Canzoneri joined the band on organ and clavinet in the latter half of 2006. The band released three LPs and one EP. Presley is also a visual artist responsible for much of the band's imagery.

The band's name was derived from a T.S.O.L. song of the same name.

T.S.O.L.
T.S.O.L. (True Sounds of Liberty) is an American punk rock band formed in 1978 in Huntington Beach, California. Although most commonly associated with hardcore punk, T.S.O.L.'s music has varied on each release, including such styles as deathrock, art punk, horror punk, other varieties of punk music, and hard rock.
1998 Davidoff Swiss Indoors
The 1998 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 29th edition of the event known that year as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors, and was part of the World Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. It took place at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 5 October until 11 October 1998. Sixth-seeded Tim Henman won the singles title.

1998 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the ATP World Tour Finals, the ATP Super 9, the Championship Series and the World Series tournaments.
2024 ICF Paracanoe World Championships
The 2024 ICF Paracanoe World Championships were held in Szeged, Hungary from 9 to 11 May 2024. This event, which is part of the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in non-Paralympic years, took place as a standalone competition in order to accommodate athletes seeking to qualify for the 2024 Paralympic regatta. It shared the venue with, and was held concurrently with the 2024 European Canoe Sprint Qualifier and Szeged leg of the 2024 ICF Canoe Sprint World Cup.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Brotula barbata
Brotula barbata, commonly known as the bearded brotula, Atlantic bearded brotula, or sugarfish, is a species of cusk-eel in the genus Brotula. It lives in the Atlantic Ocean, in depths of up to 300 meters. Its coloring ranges from olive-brown to red-brown, and it grows up to be around 50 centimeters. It has a carnivorous diet, and it is oviparous.

Cusk-eel
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses, and others.

The oldest fossil cusk-eel is Ampheristus, a highly successful genus with numerous species that existed from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the early Oligocene.
CB Atapuerca
Club Baloncesto Atapuerca, more commonly known as (Autocid) Ford Burgos by sponsorship reasons, was a professional basketball team based in Burgos, Castilla y León, and played in the Polideportivo El Plantío, in LEB Gold league.

Segunda FEB
The Segunda FEB, formerly known as LEB 2 and LEB Plata, is the third basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system and the second basketball division organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation. Since 2019, three teams are promoted to Primera FEB and six teams are relegated to Tercera FEB.

From the 2024–25 season, it is named Segunda FEB.
Pajottenland
The Pajottenland (Dutch pronunciation: [paːˈjɔtə(n)ˌlɑnt]; in English occasionally Payottenland) is a distinct region within the Flemish Brabant province and the south-western part of the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. The Pajottenland is predominantly farmland, with occasional gently rolling hills, and lies mostly between the rivers Dender and Zenne/Senne. The area has historically provided food and drink for the citizens of Brussels, especially Lambic beers, which are only produced there and in the Zenne valley where Brussels is.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Shagou Township, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Shagou Township (Mandarin: 沙沟乡) is a township in Guinan County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Shagou Township had a total population of 7,786 people: 3,894 males and 3,892 females: 1,927 under 14 years old, 5,370 aged between 15 and 64 and 489 over 65 years old.

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, formerly known as Tsolho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 海南藏族自治州; Tibetan: མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་), is an autonomous prefecture of Northeastern Qinghai Province in Western China. The prefecture has an area of 45,895 square kilometres (17,720 sq mi) and its seat is located in Gonghe County. Its name literally means "south of (Qinghai) Lake."
Wye with Hinxhill
Wye with Hinxhill is a hillside civil parish in the borough of Ashford northeast of Ashford, Kent itself, centred 3.7 miles (6.0 km) NNE of the town centre. The North Downs range of hills has a high escarpment on the east and west borders of the village, flanking a gap caused by the River Great Stour in the centre of the parish.

The combined village has a relatively low population and a large geographical area. The civil parish council meets monthly to administer local government resources, funding, and planning community events and facilities. It contains the main village of Wye and the much smaller Hinxhill and had a combined population of 2,300 in 2001. By the time of the 2011 Census, the population had reduced to 2,282.

North Downs
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills and an area of downland in south-east England, that stretch from Farnham in Surrey to the White Cliffs of Dover in Kent. Much of the North Downs comprises two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs): the Surrey Hills and the Kent Downs. The North Downs Way National Trail runs along the North Downs from Farnham to Dover. They form the northern boundary of the Weald, which is correspondingly bounded to the south by the South Downs.

The highest point in the North Downs is Botley Hill, Surrey (270 metres (890 ft) above sea level). The County Top of Kent is  Betsom's Hill (251 m (823 ft) above sea level), which is less than 1 km from Westerham Heights, Bromley, the highest point in Greater London at an elevation of 245 m (804 ft).
Sutherland Sharks FC
Sutherland Sharks FC is an Australian association football club based in the suburb of Sutherland in Sydney, New South Wales. The club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Its home games are played at Seymour Shaw Park, located in the southern Sydney suburb of Miranda. It is incorporated as a non-profit club.

Miranda, New South Wales
Miranda (/mɪˈrændə/) is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is known as a commercial centre for the southern suburbs. Miranda is 24 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the Sutherland Shire.
Tovo San Giacomo
Tovo San Giacomo (Ligurian: U Tu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Savona.

Tovo San Giacomo borders the following municipalities: Borgio Verezzi, Calice Ligure, Finale Ligure, Giustenice, Magliolo, Pietra Ligure, and Rialto.

Finale Ligure
Finale Ligure (Ligurian: O Finâ, locally Finô; Latin: Finarium) is a comune on the Gulf of Genoa, in the province of Savona, in Liguria, Italy. It is considered part of the Italian Riviera. Part of its historical center ("Finalborgo") is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Atlas Delmenhorst
Atlas Delmenhorst is a German association football club from the city of Delmenhorst, Lower Saxony, playing in the fifth-tier Oberliga Niedersachsen.

The club, originally formed with a merger in 1973, discontinued in 2002 after declaring insolvency but was reformed a decade later in 2012. The club's previous greatest success was to play in the Regionalliga Nord, then at tier three level, for three seasons from 1995. The club has also made three appearances in the DFB-Pokal, first in 1980–81 and then twice again, after reforming, in 2019–20 and 2025–26, the latter a spirited 3-2 loss to Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Delmenhorst
Delmenhorst (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛlmənˌhɔʁst] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Demost) is an urban district (Kreisfreie Stadt) in Lower Saxony, Germany.  It has a population of 74,500 and is located 10 kilometres (6 miles) west of downtown Bremen with which it forms a contiguous urban area, whereas the city of Oldenburg is 25 kilometres (16 miles) to the northwest. The city has a total area of 62.36 square kilometres (24.08 square miles); and a population density of approx. 1200 inhabitants per km².

Since 2021 the mayor has been Petra Gerlach (CDU).
Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's triathlon
The men's triathlon was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was the only time the event was held at the Olympics. The competition was held on Friday, July 1, 1904, and on Saturday, July 2, 1904. One hundred and nineteen gymnasts from three nations competed.

The three apparatus used were the horizontal bar, the parallel bars, and the horse (itself actually split further between the "long horse" or vault and the "side horse" or pommel horse). Each gymnast performed two compulsory routines and one optional routine on each apparatus, with the compulsory routines split between the two versions of the horse and the optional horse routine being on the side horse. The maximum score in each routine was 5, for a total maximum of 45.

Scores from this event, as well as the athletics triathlon event, were used to determine final scoring in the gymnastic all-around event.

Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics
At the 1904 Summer Olympics of St. Louis, Missouri, eleven gymnastics events were contested for the first time.

The 1904 Games had a program of events spread out over several months, and the gymnastics competition was no different.  The International Olympic Committee considers two sets of events as "Olympic":

International Turners' Championship held July 1–2, comprising the all-around, triathlon, and team events

Olympic Gymnastics Championships held October 29, comprising the seven individual apparatus events and the combined event.

The individual all-around was a combination of the gymnastic triathlon competition and the athletics triathlon.  The team competition was a combination of individual scores from the individual all-around.
The parallel bars, horizontal bar, vault, and pommel horse scores for each gymnast were summed to get the combined score.
Butterfly cluster compound
In the area of metal cluster chemistry, a butterfly cluster compound usually describes tetrametallic clusters containing five M-M bonds.  A prototype of this motif is [Re4(CO)16]2−. Most butterfly clusters have additional bridging ligands.  One example is the pentaphosphide [[Rh4(CO)5(PPh2)5]]− where all Rh---Rh edges are bridged by PPh2.  A carbide-containing butterfly cluster is [Fe4C(CO)12]2− where the carbide is bonded to all four Fe centers.

Bonding in such clusters is often discussed in the context of polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory. This theory predicts that tetrametallic clusters with 60 valence electrons will adopt tetrahedral geometry with six M-M bonds.  Tetrahedral clusters is classified as nido clusters.  By addition of 2e, the 60e cluster opens one edge, as manifested in the butterfly motif.

Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory
In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters  such as borane and carborane clusters. The electron counting rules were originally formulated by Kenneth Wade, and were further developed by others including Michael Mingos; they are sometimes known as Wade's rules or the Wade–Mingos rules. The rules are based on a molecular orbital treatment of the bonding. These rules have been extended and unified in the form of the Jemmis mno rules.
Charles P. Bailey (pilot)
Charles Phillip Bailey Sr. (November 25, 1918 – April 1, 2001) was a U.S. Army Air Force officer and one of the Tuskegee Airmen's most decorated combat fighter pilots. He was Florida's first African American fighter pilot. He flew 133 missions over Europe and North Africa, and was credited with shooting down two enemy aircraft.

For his heroics during World War II, the U.S. Army Air Corps awarded Bailey four Air Medals and the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Bethune–Cookman University
Bethune–Cookman University (B–CU or Bethune–Cookman) is a private historically black university in Daytona Beach, Florida. Bethune–Cookman University is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The primary administration building, White Hall, and the Mary McLeod Bethune Home are historic venues.
Rototom Sunsplash
Rototom Sunsplash is a large European reggae festival founded in 1994 in Gaio di Spilimbergo (Pordenone, Italy), and since 2010 held in Benicàssim, a few miles north of Valencia, Spain. It attracts thousands of fans from all over the world, thanks to a cultural and musical program that lasts for up to ten days.

Latisana
Latisana (Friulian: Tisane, locally Tisana) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, north-eastern Italy, on the Tagliamento river.
Anniversary (2015 film)
Anniversary (traditional Chinese: 紀念日) is a 2015 Hong Kong romance film directed by Patrick Kong. It was released in Hong Kong on 31 December 2015. It is also the tenth year of Alex Fong and Stephy Tang's relationship. While they have filmed Marriage With A Fool, Love Is Not All Around and L for Love, L for Lies together, all four movies have separate storylines, but they both were starred as leading actor and actress, and directed by Patrick Kong.

L for Love L for Lies
L for Love L for Lies (stylized L for Love ♥ L for Lies; (Chinese: 我的最愛, literally means My Favorite) is a 2008 Hong Kong film written and directed by Patrick Kong and starring Alex Fong, Stephy Tang and Alice Tzeng.
HMS Saintes
HMS Saintes was a 1942 Battle-class fleet destroyer of the Royal Navy (RN). She and 15 sister ships being ordered under the 1942 defence estimates. The ship was named after the Battle of the Saintes, a Royal Navy victory over a French fleet intending to invade Jamaica in 1782. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name. Saintes was built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company on the Tyne. The vessel was launched on 19 July 1944 and commissioned on 27 September 1946.

R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company
R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.
Muru (Lom)
Muru is a river in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 13.1-kilometre (8.1 mi) long river runs through the Memurudalen valley in the Jotunheimen mountains. It originates on the mountain Memurutinden at the glacier Austre Memurubrean, runs through Memurudalen valley, and finally empties into the lake Gjende besides Memurubu. The river is the primary source for the lake.

A unique aspect lake Gjende is its distinctive green color, a result of glacial runoff containing clay (rock flour). Looking down towards Memurubu one can even see the river Muru coloring the water.

The river is often used for recreational kayaking. There being no road access, however, boaters must carry their kayaks up to the river. Memurubu itself is a popular starting point for hikers wishing to travel across Besseggen.

Jotunheimen
Jotunheimen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈjôːtʉnˌhæɪmn̩]; "the home of the Jötunn") is a mountainous area of roughly 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) in southern Norway and is part of the long range known as the Scandinavian Mountains. The 29 highest mountains in Norway are all located in the Jotunheimen mountains, including the 2,469-metre (8,100 ft) tall mountain Galdhøpiggen (the highest point in Norway and Northern Europe). The Jotunheimen mountains straddle the border between Innlandet and Vestland counties (historically part of the old Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane counties).
Aspiring Air
Aspiring Air was an airline based in Wānaka, New Zealand. It operated charter pleasure flights around New Zealand's Southern Alps and scheduled services three times daily to Queenstown, connecting with Air New Zealand. Its main base was Wānaka Airport.

Wānaka Airport
Wānaka Airport (IATA: WKA, ICAO: NZWF) is an airport serving the rural town of Wānaka in Otago, New Zealand. The airport has no scheduled commercial flights as of the end of September 2025, as Sounds Air, and Air New Zealand having ceased flights to the airport in 2025 and 2013. It largely serves as a base for scenic and charter flights to destinations such as Milford Sound and Mount Aspiring National Park. The airport is located beside State Highway 6, on a plateau above the small village of Luggate, and is 10 km south-east of Wānaka township. It was originally a private airstrip owned by Tim Wallis, but in 1985 it became the main commercial airport for Wānaka, replacing Mount Iron Aerodrome.

The Warbirds over Wanaka air show has been held biennially at the airport since 1988, regularly attracting crowds of more than 50,000 people. Other attractions, including the National Transport and Toy Museum and the Warbirds & Wheels Museum, are also located at the airport.
Gmina Milówka
Gmina Milówka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Milówka, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Żywiec and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 98.33 square kilometres (38.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 10,052.

Żywiec County
Żywiec County (Polish: powiat żywiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Żywiec, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The county covers an area of 1,039.96 square kilometres (401.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 152,877, out of which the population of Żywiec is 31,194 and the rural population is 121,683.

The county includes part of the protected area known as Żywiec Landscape Park.
The 61 F.C. (Luton)
The 61 Football Club (Luton) is a football club based in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. The club is affiliated to the Bedfordshire County Football Association. They have reached the Second Round of the FA Vase twice in their history. Currently they are members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two. They also have a reserve team that plays in the Spartan South Midlands League Reserve Group Two, and a third team who play in the Luton District and South Beds League Division One.

South Midlands League
The South Midlands League was a football league covering Bedfordshire and some adjoining counties in England. It was founded in 1922 as the Bedfordshire County League and merged with the Spartan League in 1997 to form the Spartan South Midlands League.
Marco Katz
Marco Katz (born March 16, 1952, in New York City, USA) serves as an editor for a series that brings together music and literature at Palgrave Macmillan. He plays trombone and arranges and composes music for band, brass quintet and other musical ensembles. The reviewer Adam Gaines, in a review of the Bundee Brothers Bone Band album, wrote that "Katz's compositions are a real highlight of the disc. His trombone writing is expertly idiomatic, and his music is harmonically interesting without being obtuse." Mundo Universitario, a program televised by the University of Valle, featured "Marco Katz, master of literature and a professional musician, who was the last trombonist with the legends Charlie Palmieri and Mon Rivera."

Modern Language Association
The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is widely considered the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature. The MLA aims to "strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature". The organization includes over 20,000 members in 100 countries, primarily academic scholars, professors, and graduate students who study or teach language and literature, including English, other modern languages, and comparative literature. Although founded in the United States, with offices in New York City, the MLA's membership, concerns, reputation, and influence are international in scope.