hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Football in Sofia
Football is the most popular sport in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. Sofia was the first city in the country to have an organized football championship, which was created in 1921. Teams from Sofia have been crowned national champions on 70 occasions in the 90 seasons between 1924 and 2013. As of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, there are four teams from Sofia which have been constant participants in the top national division – Levski, CSKA, Slavia and Lokomotiv. All four have managed to reach the latter stages of European competitions on several occasions, the best of which are CSKA's two European Cup semi-finals in 1967 and 1982, and Slavia's Cup Winners' Cup semi-final in 1967.

1944 Bulgarian coup d'état
The 1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, also known as the 9 September coup d'état (Bulgarian: Деветосептемврийски преврат, romanized: Devetoseptemvriyski prevrat), was a coup that overthrew the government of Kingdom of Bulgaria on the eve of 9 September 1944. During the Communist era, official propaganda called the coup the People's Uprising of 9 September on the grounds of the broad unrest and the Socialist Revolution as it was a turning point politically and the beginning of radical reforms towards Soviet-style socialism.
National Anti-Vivisection Society
The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) is an international non-profit animal protection group, based in London, working to end animal testing, and focused on the replacement of animals in research with advanced, scientific techniques. Since 2006, the NAVS has operated its international campaigns under the working name Animal Defenders International (ADI), and the two groups now work together under the ADI name.

Vivisection
Vivisection (from Latin  vivus 'alive' and  sectio 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experimentation on live animals by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture.
National Committee on American Foreign Policy
The National Committee on American Foreign Policy (NCAFP) is an American nonprofit, nonpartisan activist organization dedicated to the resolution of conflicts that threaten United States interests.

Founded in 1974 by Hans Morgenthau, NCAFP works to identify, articulate, and advance U.S. foreign-policy interests within the framework of political realism.

Cyrus Vance
Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917 – January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as the 57th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to serving in that position, he was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense in the Johnson administration. During the Kennedy administration he was Secretary of the Army and General Counsel of the Department of Defense.

As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, he resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. He was succeeded by Edmund Muskie.

Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of 1924 Democratic presidential nominee and lawyer John W. Davis. He was the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr.
Rome station (New York)
Rome station is a Neoclassical train station served by Amtrak. It is located on 6599 Martin Street in Rome, New York between the NY 26-49-69 bridge and Mill Road south of the Erie Canal.

Four Empire Service trains (two westbound to Niagara Falls and two eastbound to Penn Station in New York City) stop at Rome, as do a pair of Maple Leaf trains (one eastbound, one westbound) between Penn Station and Toronto Union Station for a total of six daily departures. CENTRO of Oneida's Rome bus routes 4 and 7 also stop at the station.

New York State Route 69
New York State Route 69 (NY 69) is a state highway extending for 57.42 miles (92.41 km) across the central portion of the U.S. state of New York. The western terminus of the route is at NY 104 in the Oswego County village of Mexico. The eastern terminus is at NY 5A in the Oneida County village of Yorkville, just west of Utica. In between, NY 69 serves the city of Rome.

When NY 69 was first assigned in 1930, it stretched only from Colosse to Rome. By the early 1940s, NY 69 was extended to encompass all of its current alignment, as well as what is now NY 5A from Yorkville to Utica. It was reduced to its current length in 1970.
2021 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The 2021 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior) were the 21st continental championships for European under-23 and junior track cyclists, and the 12th since the event was renamed following the reorganisation of European track cycling in 2010. The event took place at the Omnisport Apeldoorn in Apeldoorn, Netherlands from 17 to 22 August 2021.

UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The European Track Cycling Championships (under-23 & junior) are a set of competition events held annually for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling, exclusively for European cyclists under the ages of 23 and 18, and regulated by the European Cycling Union (UEC). They were first held in their current format in 2010, when a competition for elite level cyclists was devised and held for the first time following an overhaul of European track cycling.

Prior to 2010, similar age group championships were held for many years under the title of European Track Championships, a title now used solely for the elite championships. The Under 23 and Junior championships thereafter were run as an annual separate event under their current name.

In line with cycling tradition, winners of an event at the championships are presented with, in addition to the gold medal, a special, identifiable jersey. This UEC European Champion jersey is a blue jersey with gold European stars.
East Central Georgia
East Central Georgia is a twelve-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia, with a 2020 census-tabulated population of 643,390. The region's largest city by population is Athens, forming the core of the Athens metropolitan area.

Athens–Clarke County metropolitan area
The Athens–Clarke County Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties – Clarke, Madison, Oconee, and Oglethorpe – in northeastern Georgia, anchored by the city of Athens. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 215,479.
Constant of motion
In mechanics, a constant of motion is a physical quantity conserved throughout the motion, imposing in effect a constraint on the motion.  However, it is a mathematical constraint, the natural consequence of the equations of motion, rather than a physical constraint (which would require extra constraint forces).  Common examples include energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (for inverse-square force laws).

Hamiltonian mechanics
In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities  used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.

Hamiltonian mechanics has a close relationship with geometry (notably, symplectic geometry and Poisson structures) and serves as a link between classical and quantum mechanics.
Richmond (CDP), Maine
Richmond is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Richmond in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,864 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Georges Florovsky
Georges Vasilievich Florovsky (Russian: Гео́ргий Васи́льевич Флоро́вский; 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1893 – August 11, 1979) was a Russian Orthodox priest, theologian, and historian.

Born in the Russian Empire, he spent his working life in Paris (1920–1949) and New York (1949–1979). With Sergei Bulgakov, Vladimir Lossky, Justin Popović and Dumitru Stăniloae he was one of the more influential Eastern Orthodox Christian theologians of the mid-20th century. He was particularly concerned that modern Christian theology might receive inspiration from the lively intellectual debates of the patristic traditions of the undivided Church rather than from later Scholastic or Reformation categories of thought.

Justin Popović
Justin Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Јустин Поповић, Serbian pronunciation: [jǔstin pǒpoʋitɕ], secular name Blagoje Popović, Serbian Cyrillic: Благоје Поповић; 6 April 1894 – 7 April 1979) was a Serbian Orthodox theologian, archimandrite of the Ćelije Monastery, Dostoyevsky scholar, writer, anti-communist advocate and critic of the pragmatic church ecclesiastical life.

On 2 May 2010, he was canonized as a saint by the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In English, his name is sometimes spelled "Iustin Popovich".
Norton, Vermont
Norton is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States. The population was 153 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Berlin, NH –VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located on the Canada–US border immediately south of Stanhope, Quebec.

Berlin micropolitan area, New Hampshire
The Berlin Micropolitan Statistical Area is the core-based statistical area centered on the urban cluster associated with the city Berlin, New Hampshire, in the United States. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget using counties as building blocks, the area consists of two counties – Coös County in New Hampshire, which contains the city of Berlin, and the adjacent Essex County in Vermont.

An alternative definition using towns as building blocks is the Berlin Micropolitan NECTA. In addition to the city of Berlin, the NECTA consists of the towns of Dummer, Gorham, Milan, Randolph, Shelburne, Stark, and Success.

As of the 2000 census, the micropolitan area had a population of 39,570 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 37,881). As of the 2000 census, the NECTA had a population of 16,102.
Albert Celades
Albert Celades López (born 29 September 1975) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently manager of Cypriot First Division club Pafos.

A tactically astute player with a strong defensive mentality, he was best known for his stints with Barcelona and Real Madrid, and he amassed La Liga total of 223 matches and eight goals over 12 seasons, totalling ten major titles with the clubs.

Celades appeared with the Spain national team at the 1998 World Cup. He worked as a manager after retiring, mainly with Spain's youth sides.

2001–02 UEFA Champions League
The 2001–02 UEFA Champions League was the 47th season of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA's premier club football tournament, and the 10th since its rebranding from the "European Champion Clubs' Cup" or "European Cup". The tournament was won by Real Madrid, who beat Bayer Leverkusen in the final to claim their ninth European Cup title. The final's winning goal was scored by Zinedine Zidane, with a left-footed volley from the edge of the penalty area into the top left corner.

Bayer Leverkusen eliminated all three English teams on their way to the final: Arsenal in the second group stage, followed by Liverpool in the quarter-finals and Manchester United in the semi-finals.

Manchester United striker Ruud van Nistelrooy was the tournament's top scorer, scoring 10 goals from the first group stage through to the semi-final.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual winners Real Madrid in the quarter-finals.
Margaret Guilfoyle
Dame Margaret Georgina Constance Guilfoyle AC DBE (/ˈɡɪlfɔɪl/; née McCartney; 15 May 1926 – 11 November 2020) was an Australian politician who served as a senator for Victoria from 1971 to 1987, representing the Liberal Party. She was the first woman to hold a cabinet-level ministerial portfolio in Australia and served as a minister for the duration of the Fraser government. Guilfoyle was successively Minister for Education (1975), Minister for Social Security (1975–1980) and Minister for Finance (1980–1983). She worked as an accountant before entering politics and in retirement held various positions in the public and non-profit sectors.

1983 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 5 March 1983. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives and all 64 seats in the Senate were up for election, following a double dissolution. The incumbent Coalition government which had been in power since 1975, led by Malcolm Fraser (Liberal Party) and Doug Anthony (National Party), was defeated in a landslide by the opposition Labor Party led by Bob Hawke.

This election marked the end of the seven year Liberal–National Coalition Fraser government and the start of the 13 year Hawke-Keating Labor government. The Coalition would spend its longest ever period in opposition and the Labor party would spend its longest ever period of government at a federal level. The Coalition would not return to government until the 1996 election.

Hawke became the second Labor leader after World War II to lead the party to victory from opposition, after Gough Whitlam in 1972 and before Kevin Rudd in 2007 and Anthony Albanese in 2022.
Jeremiah Emmanuel
Jeremiah Emmanuel BEM (born 20 June 1999) is an entrepreneur and youth activist  He set up the One Big Community at the age of 13. He has been elected to the UK Youth Parliament and was deputy young mayor of Lambeth. He founded BBC Radio 1Xtra Youth Council & EMNL Consultancy

He was awarded a BEM for services to Young People and the community in London in 2017 New Year Honours.

Emmanuel is the author of Dreaming in a Nightmare published in 2020 by Penguin books.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
John Webster Bride
John Webster Bride (1884–1963) was a consultant surgeon at St. Mary's Hospital in Manchester, gynaecological surgeon at the Northern Hospital for Women and Children, Manchester, and lecturer in obstetrics and gynaecology at Manchester University.

Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester
St Mary's Hospital is a hospital in Manchester, England. It is part of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. Founded in 1790, St Mary's provides a range of inter-related services specifically for women and children. In 1986, St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre was the first sexual assault referral centre (SARC) to open in the UK.
Palestinian landscape painting
Palestinian landscape painting refers to landscape painting made in and about the land of Palestine. Historically, Palestinian landscape art originally focused on a majority-Islamic depiction of the holy land. However, after the Nakba and subsequent displacement of Palestinians, Palestinian landscape art (similarly to all Palestinian art) began to have more of a nationalist subtext to explore Palestinians’ connection to their identity and homeland.

Asim Abu Shakra
Asim Abu Shakra (Arabic: عاصم أبو شقرة, also transliterated Asim Abu Shaqra, Asem Abu Shaqra, 'Asim Abu Shaqra, Assem Abu Shakra) (1961–1990) was a Palestinian artist. Among his works are paintings of potted cacti inspired by his state of exile as a Palestinian living in Israel.: 364
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
Sheikh Sulaiman ar-Rasuli (10 December 1871 – 1 August 1970), known as Inyiak Canduang, was an Indonesian ʿālim and founder of Union of Islamic Education (Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah, PERTI), a kaum tua (traditionalist) Islamic organization from West Sumatra. He was credited for popularizing the famous Minangkabau idiom, adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah (traditions are founded upon the [Islamic] law, and the law founded upon the Qur'an).

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
1991 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse – Singles
The 1991 Grand Prix de Tennis de Toulouse was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Toulouse, France that was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was held from 30 September until 6 October 1991.

1991 ATP Tour
The 1991 IBM ATP Tour was the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP Tour. The IBM ATP Tour included the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series and the ATP Tour World Championships. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) – Veraval Vande Bharat Express
The 26901/26902 Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) – Veraval Vande Bharat Express is India's 67th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the largest capital metropolitan city, Ahmedabad with the pilgrimage city of Veraval in the western side of Gujarat.

This express train was inaugurated on 26 May 2025, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via virtual conferencing from Dahod, located on the eastern side of Gujarat.

Sabarmati Junction railway station
Sabarmati Junction railway station is a junction station of the Indian Western Railway in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The station is six kilometres (3.7 mi) from the main Ahmedabad Junction railway station on the Ahmedabad–Delhi main line, at Dharamnagar near the Sabarmati Ashram. Sabarmati Junction has 2 tracks, the Mehsana line, and the Botad line, in addition to the main broad-gauge line for trains departing from Ahmedabad. The station has a dedicated rail yard for passenger trains, and was proposed in 2010 for development as an additional terminal for Delhi-bound trains.
Kaʻū Desert
The Kaʻū Desert is a leeward desert in the district of Kaʻū, the southernmost district on the Big Island of Hawaii, and is made up mostly of dried lava remnants, volcanic ash, sand and gravel. The desert covers an area of the Kīlauea Volcano along the Southwest rift zone. The area lacks any vegetation, mainly due to acid rainfall.

Kaʻū, Hawaii
Kaʻū is the southernmost and largest district (922 square miles (2,390 km2)) of Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii, located on the island of Hawaiʻi.

Kaʻū was one of the six original districts of ancient Hawaii on the island, known as moku.
It includes the areas of South Point (Ka Lae), Hawaiian Ocean View, Nīnole, Waiʻōhinu, Nāʻālehu and Pāhala.

The district contains much of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, including the volcanoes Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, and Punaluʻu (Black Sand) Beach, Papakōlea (Green Sand) Beach and Kamilo Beach. 
To the east of Kaʻū is the Puna District, and to the west is the South Kona District.
Nadiia Bashynska
Nadiia Bashynska (born November 15, 2003) is a Ukrainian-Canadian ice dancer. With former partner, Peter Beaumont, she is a two-time World Junior bronze medalist (2022, 2023), 2022–23 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, a four-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medallist, and the 2023 Canadian Junior champion.

ISU Junior Grand Prix in Russia
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in Russia is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia (Russian: Федерация фигурного катания на коньках России). It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.
Hans Luther
Hans Luther (listenⓘ) (10 March 1879 – 11 May 1962) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany for 482 days in 1925 to 1926. As Minister of Finance he helped stabilize the Mark during the hyperinflation of 1923. From 1930 to 1933, Luther was head of the Reichsbank and from 1933 to 1937 he served as German Ambassador to the United States.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Electorate of Württemberg
The Electorate of Württemberg was a short-lived state of the Holy Roman Empire on the right bank of the Rhine. In 1803, the Imperial diet raised the Duchy of Württemberg to an Electorate, the highest form of a princedom in the Holy Roman Empire. However, soon afterward, on 1 January 1806, the last Elector assumed the title of King of Württemberg. Later, the last Emperor, Francis II, abolished de facto the empire on 6 August 1806.

Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg (21 January 1732 – 23 December 1797) was the fourth son of Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis. He was born in Stuttgart. From 1795 until 1797, he was Duke of Württemberg.