hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giani Kuldeep Singh Gargaj
Giani Kuldeep Singh Gargaj (born c. 1985) is an Indian Sikh preacher and the acting Jathedar of the Akal Takht, the highest temporal seat of the Sikhs. He also serves as the Jathedar of Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib at Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. Known for his strong Panthic credentials and traditional scholarship, he represents a younger generation of Sikh clergy within the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC).

Jathedar
A jathedar (Punjabi: ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ) is a leader of high regard chosen to head and ensure discipline within a jatha, a troop of Sikhs. In modern-times, the term is used to in-reference to leaders of Sikh spiritual organisations, such as any of the Panj Takhts.
Talgo
Talgo (officially Patentes Talgo, SAU) is a Spanish manufacturer of intercity, standard, and high-speed passenger trains. Talgo is an abbreviation of Tren Articulado Ligero Goicoechea Oriol (English: Lightweight articulated train Goicoechea Oriol).

The company was founded by Alejandro Goicoechea and José Luis Oriol. It was first incorporated in 1942.

Break of gauge
With railways, a break of gauge occurs where a line of one track gauge (the distance between the rails, or between the wheels of trains designed to run on those rails) meets a line of a different gauge. Trains and rolling stock generally cannot run through without some form of conversion between gauges, leading to passengers having to change trains, and freight having to be transloaded or transshipped. That can cause delays, added costs, and inconvenience to those travelling on affected routes.
1976–77 Isthmian League
The 1976–77 season was the 62nd season of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.

It was the first Isthmian League season to use goal difference as a tie-breaker.

Enfield won Division One, while Tilbury won Division Two.

At the end of the season the league divisions were renamed: Division One was renamed the Premier Division and Division Two was renamed Division One. Also, seventeen new clubs were newly admitted to the league, they were placed to new Division Two, as the league expanded to three divisions.

1975–76 Isthmian League
The 1975–76 season was the 61st in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.

It was the last Isthmian League season to use goal average as a tie-breaker.

Enfield won Division One, while Tilbury won Division Two.
QR code payment
A QR code payment is a mobile payment method where payment is performed by scanning a QR code from a mobile app. This is an alternative to doing electronic funds transfer at point of sale using a payment terminal.  This avoids a lot of the infrastructure traditionally associated with electronic payments such as payment cards, payment networks, payment terminal and merchant accounts.

To make a QR code payment, the consumer scans the QR code displayed by the merchant with their smartphone to pay for their goods. They enter the amount they have to pay and finally submit. This is a more secure card-not-present method than others.

Monetary Authority of Singapore
The Monetary Authority of Singapore or (MAS), is the central bank and financial regulatory authority of Singapore. It administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and the financial sector in general, as well as currency issuance and manages the foreign-exchange reserves. It was established in 1971 to act as the banker to and as a financial agent of the Government of Singapore. 
The body is duly accountable to the Parliament of Singapore through the Minister-in-charge, who is also the Incumbent Chairman of the central bank. In May 2025 the fund had US$629 billion in assets under management.
Drill Instructor Ribbon
A Drill Instructor Ribbon is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which is issued by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Space Force, and U.S. Marine Corps. The Drill Instructor Ribbon recognizes those service members who are trained and qualified as military instructors to new recruits during initial basic training.

Military recruit training
Military recruit training, commonly known as basic training or boot camp, refers to the initial instruction of new military personnel. It is a physically and psychologically intensive process, which resocializes its subjects for the unique demands of military employment.
Melanoplus aridus
Melanoplus aridus, the arid lands spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America. It is known to feed on Flourensia cernua leaves, among other plants.

Melanoplus aridus at Texas Canyon Rest Area, Cochise County, Arizona, USA.

Melanoplus aridus at Peña Blanca, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, USA.

Melanoplus aridus molting

Melanoplinae
The Melanoplinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. They are distributed across the Holarctic and Neotropical realms. They are one of the two largest subfamilies in the Acrididae. As of 2001 the Melanoplinae contained over 800 species in over 100 genera, with more species being described continuously.
Alder
Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.

Alnus alnobetula
Alnus alnobetula is a common tree widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. Many sources refer to it as Alnus viridis, the green alder, but botanically this is considered an illegitimate name synonymous with Alnus alnobetula subsp. fruticosa.
Nanyuki Airport
Nanyuki Airport is a small domestic airport located just outside Nanyuki town in Laikipia County, Kenya. It serves as a gateway to Mount Kenya, Laikipia Plateau, and various private conservancies and lodges in the region. The airport mainly handles charter and scheduled flights from Nairobi’s Wilson Airport, operated by carriers like Tropic Air Kenya and Safarilink. It has a single runway and limited terminal facilities, catering primarily to tourism and local business travel.

Wilson Airport
Wilson Airport (IATA: WIL, ICAO: HKNW) is an airport in Nairobi, Kenya. It has flights to many regional airports in Kenya while Nairobi's main airport, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, serves domestic and many international destinations.

The airport serves domestic flights to Kenyan cities, and an international flight to Tanzania.
Kakowal
Dera haji bati khan Gondal is a village of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°31′0″N 73°26′0″E﻿ / ﻿32.51667°N 73.43333°E﻿ / 32.51667; 73.43333 and has an altitude of 252 metres (827 ft). Neighbouring settlements include Bhikhi and Wasu. Dera Haji bati khan Gondal is a small countryside containing the population of about 2000 people.

Haji bati kha n Gondal/Dera hajibati kha n Gondal/==References==

Wasu, Punjab
Wasu (Urdu: واسو) is a village and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It has an altitude of 221 metres (728 feet). A Government Girls High School is located here.
1997 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 1997 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played at Stabler Arena in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Alumni Hall in Annapolis, Maryland, after the conclusion of the 1996–97 regular season. Top seed Navy defeated #2 seed Bucknell, 76–75 in the championship game, to win its second Patriot League Tournament title. The Midshipmen earned an automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA tournament as #15 seed in the West region.

Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The Patriot League men's basketball tournament is held at the conclusion of each regular season. The winner of the tournament is awarded an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
Asifabad Assembly constituency
Asifabad Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of two constituencies in Komaram Bheem district. It comes under Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency along with six other Assembly constituencies.

Kova Laxmi of Telangana Rashtra Samithi represented the constituency until 2018. Athram Sakku of Indian National Congress is representing the constituency since 2018.

Komaram Bheem Asifabad district
Kumuram Bheem Asifabad district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The town of Asifabad is its district headquarters and kagaznagar as its largest town. It is named after Gond tribal leader Kumuram Bheem.Kumuram bheem asifabad district is located northern parts of state.The district share boundaries with Adilabad, Nirmal, Mancherial districts and with the state boundary of Maharashtra. It is the second most backward district in India, according to the 2018 NITI Aayog ranking.
Great Officers of State (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, the Great Officers of State are traditional ministers of the Crown who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely ceremonial functions or to operate as members of the government. Separate Great Officers exist for England and Wales, Scotland, and formerly for the Kingdom of Ireland, though some exist for Great Britain and the United Kingdom as a whole.

Steward (office)
A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country and who may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, it is synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy, king's lieutenant (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus, or vicarius).
Chiappa Rhino
The Chiappa Rhino is a series of revolvers produced by Italian manufacturer Chiappa Firearms.  The Rhino's frames are CNC-machined from a solid block of high-tensile aluminium alloy and all internal parts are CNC-machined from steel.

Chambered for the .357 Magnum/.38 Special, 9mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, or 9×21mm cartridges, their most distinctive feature is that the barrel is on a much lower bore axis, as the Rhino fires from the lowermost chamber of the cylinder rather than from the topmost chamber as in conventional revolvers.

.40 S&W
The .40 S&W is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate the performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses 0.40-inch-diameter (10 mm) bullets ranging in weight from 105 to 200 grains (6.8 to 13.0 g).
2025 Tampere Open
The 2025 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tampere, Finland, between 21 and 27 July 2025.

2025 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2025 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2025 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 217 tournaments with prize money ranging from $60,000 up to $250,000. It was the 48th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 17th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Alfred Daldy
Christianity portal

The Ven  Alfred Edward Daldy, MA (24 June 1865 – 29 October 1935) was Archdeacon of Winchester from 1920 until his death.

Daldy was educated at Cranbrook School, Kent and the University of Cambridge. He was ordained deacon in 1888; and priest in 1889. After curacies at St Mary Bromley and All Hallows-by-the-Tower he was Winchester Diocesan Missioner from 1897 to 1904; Vicar of St Peter, Bournemouth from 1904 to 1920; and Master of St Cross Hospital, Winchester from 1928.

Archdeacon of Bournemouth
The archdeacon of Bournemouth is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Winchester. The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the archdeaconry, which consists of six deaneries in the southern part of the diocese: Bournemouth, Christchurch, Eastleigh, Lyndhurst, Romsey and Southampton. Before 2000, the title was archdeacon of Winchester.
Robert E. Kelley
Robert E. Kelley (November 3, 1933 – February 5, 2021) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general, the ninth Superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy.  He retired as a lieutenant general on September 1, 1986.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Manavati
Manavati (pronounced mānavati, meaning the bride) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 5th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. In Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music, the  5th melakarta is Manōranjani.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
Hong Jeong-ho
Hong Jeong-ho (Korean: 홍정호; Korean pronunciation: [hoŋ.dʑʌŋ.ɦo] or [hoŋ] [tɕʌŋ.ɦo]; born 12 August 1989) is a South Korean footballer who plays for K League 2 club Suwon Samsung Bluewings as a centre-back. He also played for the South Korea national team at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).
Parthibanur
Parthibanur is a panchayath in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu in southern India  belonging to Paramakudi Taluk, away from 61 km from Madurai and 54 km from District headquarters (Ramanathapuram). Parthibanur also belongs to Paramakudi Assembly constituency which is a part of Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency).  Although a small town, and it is located in the centre of the three main towns such as Paramakudi, Manamadurai and Kamuthi.

Kamuthi
Kamuthi also spelled Kamudi actually stands for Kavinmigu Mullai Thirunagar. Kamuthi is a Panchayat town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Kamuthi is known for being the home of the Kamuthi Solar Power Project, a large solar power plant.

Kamuthi town is situated in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu. The Kamuthi town has a population of 14754, male population is 7416 and female population is 7338 as per the Census 2011 data. Population of children under the age of 0-6 is 1514, male child population under the age of six is 766 and female child population under the age of six is 748. The total literacy rate of Kamuthi city is 88.56%, the male literacy rate is 93.8% and the female literacy rate is 83.28%. In Kamuthi the female sex ratio is 989 per 1000 male persons. Child sex ratio is 977 per 1000 male child under the age of six. The total number of households in Kamuthi is 3379.
2011 African Olympic Qualifier (field hockey)
The 2011 African Olympic Qualifier was the second edition of the African field hockey qualification tournament for the Summer Olympics for men and women. It was held from 2 to 11 September in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

Six teams competed in the men's tournament, while four women's teams participated. The winner of each tournament qualified for the field hockey competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics. More teams were originally entered, but later withdrew.

Men's African Olympic Qualifier
The Men's African Olympic Qualifier is the African qualification tournament for the men's field hockey event at the Summer Olympics. It is held every four years and was introduced after field hockey was removed from the All-Africa Games program. The first edition was held in Nairobi, Kenya simultaneously with the 2007 All-Africa Games.
Tiko
Tiko, originally called Keka by the Bakweris, is a town and important port in the southwest region of Cameroon. The settlement grew as a market town for Douala fishermen, Bakweri (Kpwe people) farmers, and hunters from Molyko, Bwenga, Bulu, and Bokova. The core quarters in Tiko include Streets 1 to 7, Motombolombo, Down Beach, New Quarter, P&T quarters, New Layout, Long Street, Likomba, Golf Club, Mutengene, and Ombe. As of 2010, the town is estimated to have a population of 55,914.

Bonabéri
Bonabery is a district of Douala, the largest city and economic capital of Cameroon. It is located on the right bank of the Wouri River, opposite the districts of Akwa, Deido and Bonanjo. Bonabery is home to many industries, markets, and transport facilities. It is also a cultural hub, with a vibrant music scene and a rich history. It is located on the western side of the harbour across the Wouri River from the larger port of Douala.
Archaeological Museum, Vijayapura
Archaeological Museum, Vijayapura, also known as the Gol Gumbaz Archaeological Museum is a museum located in Vijayapura, in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the Naqqar Khana, which stands opposite the Gol Gumbaz. It falls under the purview of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Gol Gumbaz
Gol Gumbaz (lit. 'Round Dome'), also written Gol Gumbad, is a 17th-century mausoleum located in Bijapur (now known as Vijayapura), a city in Karnataka, India. It houses the remains of Mohammad Adil Shah, seventh sultan of the Adil Shahi dynasty, and some of his relatives. Begun in the mid-17th century, the structure never reached completion. The mausoleum is notable for its scale and exceptionally large dome. The structure is an important example of Adil Shahi architecture.

The building is one of those put by UNESCO on its "tentative list" to become a World Heritage Site in 2014, under the name Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate.
Windsor-Orange-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Windsor-Orange-2 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Windsor-Orange-2 District includes all of the Windsor County towns of Norwich and Sharon, and the Orange County towns of Strafford and Thetford.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Windsor-Orange-2 District had a population of 8,617 in that same census, 6.15% above the state average.

Sharon, Vermont
Sharon is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It had a population of 1,560 at the 2020 census.

Sharon is the birthplace of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and as such is an important historical site for followers of the faith. The town is also home to The Sharon Academy, an independent middle and high school.
PlagScan
PlagScan is a plagiarism detection software, mostly used by academic institutions. PlagScan compares submissions with web documents, journals and internal archives. The software was launched in 2009 by Markus Goldbach and Johannes Knabe of Cologne, Germany.

In 2019/2020, PlagScan merged with a similar Swedish company, Urkund, to form the company Ouriginal, owned by private equity firm Procuritas. Commenters suggested this might provide competition for leading plagiarism detection company, Turnitin. In March 2021, Turnitin announced its intent to purchase Ouriginal. The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission considered opposing the acquisition, but ultimately decided against it. The acquisition was completed in November 2021.

Content similarity detection
Content similarity detection or plagiarism detection is the process of locating instances of plagiarism or copyright infringement within a work or document. The widespread use of computers and the advent of the Internet have made it easier to plagiarize the work of others.

Detection of plagiarism can be undertaken in a variety of ways. Human detection is the most traditional form of identifying plagiarism from written work. This can be a lengthy and time-consuming task for the reader and can also result in inconsistencies in how plagiarism is identified within an organization. Text-matching software (TMS), which is also referred to as "plagiarism detection software" or "anti-plagiarism" software, has become widely available, in the form of both commercially available products as well as open-source software. TMS does not actually detect plagiarism per se, but instead finds specific passages of text in one document that match text in another document.
Song Yun
Song Yun or Songyun (fl. 510s & 520s) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled to medieval India from the Tuoba Northern Wei kingdom during China's Northern and Southern dynastic period at the behest of the Empress Hu. He and his companions Huisheng, Fali, and Zheng or Wang Fouze left the Wei capital Luoyang on foot in 518 and returned in the winter of 522 with 170 Buddhist scriptures. Song and Hui's accounts of their journey are now lost but much of their information was preserved in other texts.

Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia. They are located at a junction with other notable mountains, namely the Tian Shan, the Karakoram, the Kunlun, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayas. They are among the world's highest mountains.

Much of the range lies in the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan. Spanning the border parts of four countries, to the south, they border the Hindu Kush mountains along Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in Badakhshan Province, Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan. To the north, they join the Tian Shan mountains along the Alay Valley of Kyrgyzstan. To the east, they extend to the range that includes China's Kongur Tagh, in the "Eastern Pamirs", separated by the Yarkand valley from the Kunlun Mountains.

Since the Victorian era, they have been known as the "Roof of the World", presumably a translation from Persian.
Sermons of John Wesley
This is a list of the sermons of John Wesley, founder of Methodism. The first four volumes of Wesley's sermons include 44 discourses that are of special significance, while later volumes are also studied by Methodists for their doctrinal and moral teachings.

First Epistle of John
The First Epistle of John is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. There is no scholarly consensus as to the authorship of the Johannine works. Most scholars believe the three Johannine epistles have the same author, but there is no consensus if this was also the author of the Gospel of John.

This epistle was probably written in Ephesus between 95 and 110 AD. The author advises Christians on how to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love. The original text was written in Koine Greek. The epistle is divided into five chapters.