hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kashmir Singh Katoch
Lieutenant General Kashmir Singh Katoch, MC (15 July 1915 – 25 April 2007) was an Indian Army General and military adviser to the Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, officiating as the Chief of Staff of the State Forces during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. He later served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army.

Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)
The Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS) is a statutory position in the Indian Armed Forces usually held by a three star Lieutenant General. As the second highest ranking officer in the Indian Army, the VCOAS serves as the deputy professional head of the Indian Army and the senior most Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the Chief of the Army Staff. The VCOAS  serves as the senior adviser to the Minister of Defence. The office holder is usually the second most senior army officer unless the Chief of Defence is an army officer.

The current VCOAS is Lieutenant General Pushpendra Pal Singh who assumed the office on 1 August 2025.
1998 World Snooker Championship
The 1998 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1998 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 18 April and 4 May 1998 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England.

John Higgins won his first World title by defeating defending champion Ken Doherty 18–12 in the final. Doherty became another World Champion who fell to the Crucible curse and could not defend his first World title. However, Doherty has come closer than any other first-time champion bar Joe Johnson to retaining his championship.  The tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy.

Crucible curse
The "Crucible curse" (also known as "The curse of the Crucible") is a quip in professional snooker, referring to the fact that no first-time winner of the World Snooker Championship has retained the title since the tournament moved to Sheffield's Crucible Theatre in 1977. Beginning with the 1979 champion Terry Griffiths, who lost in the second round of the 1980 event, 20 first-time world champions have failed to defend their titles, although  Joe Johnson and Ken Doherty made it to the final the year after their maiden victories. Most recently, the 2024 champion Kyren Wilson lost in the first round of the 2025 World Snooker Championship. Zhao Xintong, first-time winner of the 2025 event, can attempt to break the Curse in the 2026.

Several world champions successfully defended their first title in the pre-Crucible era; the last to do so was John Pulman in 1964.
Katapult
Katapult is a free and open source application launcher developed originally for KDE 3 and now used on the Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE). It is licensed under the GPL. It was inspired by another application launcher, Quicksilver for Mac OS X. Original development ceased in 2008 and it was removed in KDE 4, but it has been maintained by the TDE developers ever since.

Some of the functionality of Katapult has been integrated into the built-in KRunner program that ships with KDE Software Compilation 4.

K Desktop Environment 3
K Desktop Environment 3 (KDE 3) is the third series of releases of the K Desktop Environment (after that called KDE Software Compilation). It was one of the two major desktop environments for GNU/Linux systems between 2002 and 2008.
There are six major releases in this series. After the release of KDE 4, version 3.5 was forked into the Trinity Desktop Environment.
Mahesh Chandra Gupta
Mahesh Chandra Gupta is an Indian politician and a member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly and 17th Legislative Assembly, Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Badaun (Assembly constituency) in Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Financial Secretary of Ceylon
The financial secretary of Ceylon was an officer of the Ceylonese Government and member of the Board of Ministers. The Treasurer of Ceylon was one of six offices that held a seat in the Executive Council of Ceylon from 1809 to 1932. The post was replaced by the that of financial secretary in 1932, as one of three officers of state of the new Board of Ministers that replaced the Executive Council under recommendations of the Donoughmore Commission. The financial secretary was in turn replaced by the new office of the Minister of Finance in 1947 under the recommendations of the Soulbury Commission under the Ceylon Independence Act, 1947 and The Ceylon (Constitution and Independence) Orders in Council 1947.

Soulbury Commission
The Soulbury Commission (Sinhala: සෝල්බරි කොමිෂන් සභාව Solbari Komisyan Sabawa; Tamil: சோல்பரி ஆணைக்குழு) was a prime instrument of constitutional reform in British Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) that succeeded the Donoughmore Commission. It was announced in 1944 and headed by Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury. The immediate basis for the appointment of a commission for constitutional reforms was the 1944 draft constitution of the Board of Ministers, headed by D.S. Senanayake. This commission ushered in the Soulbury Constitution and independence to the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. Its constitutional recommendations were largely those of the 1944 Board of Ministers' draft, a document reflecting the influence of Senanayake and his main advisor, Sir Ivor Jennings.
Panmun Field
Panmun Field(판문흰두루미살이터) is an 8000 ha wetland site in southern North Hwanghae Province of North Korea, close to the city of Kaesong and the border with South Korea. It contains mainly rice paddies. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of swan geese, greater white-fronted geese, white-naped cranes, hooded cranes and red-crowned cranes. It is threatened by human disturbance.

North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.buk̚.t͈o̞], lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae.  The provincial capital is Sariwon.  The province is bordered by Pyongyang and South Pyongan to the north, Kangwon to the east, Kaesong Industrial Region and South Korea's Gyeonggi Province to the south, and South Hwanghae southwest.  In 2003, Kaesong Directly Governed City (Kaesong Chikhalsi) became part of North Hwanghae as Kaepung County. Later on in 2019, it was promoted as Special City (Kaesong T'ŭkpyŏlsi). Thus, it was separated from North Hwanghae.
Chaviz
Chaviz (Persian: چاويز, also Romanized as Chāvīz) is a village in Mishkhas Rural District, in the Sivan District of Ilam County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 177, in 35 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Mish Khas Rural District
Mish Khas Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميش خاص) is in Sivan District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Meydan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Jafarabad (now a city).
Bartica
Bartica is a town located on the west bank of the Essequibo River in Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Region 7), at the confluence of the Cuyuni and Mazaruni Rivers with the Essequibo River in Guyana. It is the regional capital of Cuyuni-Mazaruni.

Considered the "Gateway to the Interior", the town has a population of 8,004 as of 2012, and is the launching point for people who work in the bush, mining gold and diamonds.

Essequibo River
The Essequibo River (Spanish: Río Esequibo; originally called by Alonso de Ojeda; Río Dulce) is the largest river in Guyana, and the largest river between the Orinoco and Amazon. Rising in the Acarai Mountains near the Brazil–Guyana border, the Essequibo flows to the north for 1,014 km (630 mi) through forest and savanna into the Atlantic Ocean. It has a total drainage basin of 156,828 km2 (60,552 mi2) and an average discharge of 154 to 178 km³/year.

Territory near the river is argued over by Venezuela and Guyana. The river is administered by Guyana after being previously colonized by the British. Historically, Venezuela has claimed the Essequibo River as their most eastern border, though in practice it was under Dutch control.
Tingmiatornis
Tingmiatornis (meaning "bird that flies") is a genus of flighted and possibly diving ornithuran dinosaur from the High Arctic of Canada. The genus contains a single species, T. arctica, described in 2016, which lived during the Turonian epoch of the Cretaceous.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
Cross o' th' Hands
Cross o' th' Hands is a small area of settlement in Derbyshire, England, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Derby on the A517 road between Hulland and Turnditch.

The settlement is named after its original public house, near a gravel pit used for staging bare-knuckle fist fights, which was probably itself named after the sport.

Despite the settlement's small size, it is well connected via public transport, served by two Arriva buses: the 109 and the Swift service between Derby and Ashbourne.

Cross o' th' Hands' single through road, Intakes Lane, joins the A517 at the top of the hill, becoming Hillcliff Lane and joining up with the B5023 Wirksworth Road. The top of Hillcliff Lane has views across the open greenlands of Amber Valley.

Ashbourne, Derbyshire
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales district in Derbyshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) west of Derby. Its population was measured at 8,377 in the 2011 census  and was estimated to have grown to 9,163 by 2019. It has many historical buildings and independent shops. The town offers a historic annual Shrovetide football match. Its position near the southern edge of the Peak District makes it the closest town to Dovedale, to which Ashbourne is sometimes referred to as the gateway.
POW-R
POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth reduction.
Developed by a consortium of four companies – The POW-R Consortium – the algorithms were first made available in 1999 in digital audio hardware products.
POW-R is now licensed for use by many companies, particularly those in the digital audio workstation (DAW) arena, where it currently has significant market share.

Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW /dɔː/) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files. DAWs come in a wide variety of configurations, from a single software program on a laptop, to an integrated stand-alone unit, all the way to a highly complex configuration of numerous components controlled by a central computer. Regardless of configuration, modern DAWs have a central interface that allows the user to alter and mix multiple recordings and tracks into a final produced piece.

DAWs are used for producing and recording music, songs, speech, radio, television, soundtracks, podcasts, sound effects and nearly every other kind of complex recorded audio.
Josiane Nunes
Josiane Nunes (born December 23, 1993) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA fighter since 2013, she has competed in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Icaro Twin Electric
The Icaro Twin Electric is an Italian electric ultralight trike that was designed by World Hang Glider Champion pilot Manfred Ruhmer and under development by Icaro 2000 of Sangiano.

As of 2018 the aircraft was not advertised on the manufacturer's website and it is likely that it did not progress beyond one flying prototype.

Icaro 2000
45°52′42″N 8°37′40″E﻿ / ﻿45.8783089°N 8.6278972°E﻿ / 45.8783089; 8.6278972

Icaro 2000 is an Italian aircraft manufacturer, based in Sangiano. The company specializes in the design and manufacturer of hang gliders, ultralight trikes and hang gliding helmets.

By the end of 2010, the company had sold over 9,000 hang gliders, including many used by world champions.
2021 UMass Dartmouth Corsairs football team
The 2021 UMass Dartmouth Corsairs football team represented the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth as a member of the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC) during the 2021 NCAA Division III football season. The Corsairs, led by 15th-year head coach Mark Robichaud, played their home games at Cressy Field in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.

The Corsairs 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

UMass Dartmouth Corsairs football
The UMass Dartmouth Corsairs football team represents the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Corsairs are members of the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC), fielding its team in the MASCAC since 2013. The Corsairs play their home games at Cressy Field in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.

Their head coach is Josh Sylvester, who took over the position in 2023.
2024 Bathurst 500
The 2024 Bathurst 500 (commercially titled the 2024 Thrifty Bathurst 500) was a motor racing event for the Supercars Championship held from 23 to 25 February 2024. The event was held at the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia and consisted of two 250 km races. It was the opening round of the 2024 Supercars Championship as well as the eighth running of an Australian Touring Car Championship/Supercars Championship sprint round at Mount Panorama-Wahluu.

2024 Supercars Championship
The 2024 Supercars Championship (known for commercial reasons as the 2024 Repco Supercars Championship) was a motor racing series for Supercars.

It was the twenty-sixth running of the Supercars Championship and the twenty-eighth series in which Supercars have contested the Australian Touring Car Championship, the premier title in Australian motorsport. It was the sixty-fifth season of touring car racing in Australia.

Erebus Motorsport entered the championship as the defending Teams' Champions, while Brodie Kostecki entered the championship as the defending Drivers' Champion.

Triple Eight Race Engineering secured their record-extending twelfth Teams' Championship at the Bathurst 1000. Will Brown secured his first Drivers' Championship at the Adelaide 500.
Khmara Island
Khmara Island is a small island lying 2 kilometres (1 nmi) south of Haswell Island, Queen Mary Coast, Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. It was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1956, and named after tractor driver Ivan F. Khmara.

Haswell Island
Haswell Island is the largest of the Haswell Islands, lying off the coast of Antarctica, about 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) north of Mabus Point in Queen Mary Land. It was discovered by the Western Base Party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911–14, under Mawson, and named by him for Professor William A. Haswell, a zoologist at Sydney University and a member of the expedition's Advisory Committee.
Shahuwadi
Shahuwadi is a tehsil in the Karvir subdivision of the Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

As India expanded in 1949, Kolhapur was redistricted and expanded to include Shahuwadi.

The Amba Ghat mountain pass on Ratnagiri-Kolhapur road (NH 204) is nearby. Shahuwadi has 145 villages. The distance between Kohalpur and Shahuwadi is 46.5km.

Kolhapur district
Kolhapur district (Marathi pronunciation: [kolʱaːpuɾ]) is a district in the Maharashtra state of India. The city of Kolhapur is its district headquarter. It is situated near Panchaganga river.

It is bordered by the Sangli district to the north, by Ratnagiri district, Sindhudurg to the west and by Karnataka state to the east.

Kolhapur was a princely state during British rule in India. Shahu Maharaj ruled the state from 1894 to 1922 and worked toward its social and educational development. Kolhapur was a major hub of the Marathi film industry and was known as Chitranagari. It is now known as Bhalji Pendharkar Chitranagari.
All One Farm
All One Farm was a 1970s commune in McMinnville, Oregon, United States, that played a pivotal role in Steve Jobs' early life. It is credited as the inspiration for the naming of Apple Inc. and has ties to Atari, Robert Friedland, and the birth of Jobs’ first child, Lisa Brennan-Jobs.

Rooted in the counterculture movement, All One Farm emphasized spirituality, communal living, and alternative thinking. The commune attracted individuals interested in Eastern philosophy, meditation, and psychedelics, which were believed to expand consciousness.

McMinnville, Oregon
McMinnville is the county seat of and the most populous city in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States, at the base of the Oregon Coast Range. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,319.

McMinnville is located in the Willamette Valley at the confluence of the North and South forks of the Yamhill River. The city's economy has both industry and service businesses as well as the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, home of Howard Hughes's famed Spruce Goose flying boat. Linfield University provides higher education.

McMinnville is a center of the well-developed Oregon wine industry in the Willamette Valley, which has hundreds of wineries and vineyards.
Tom Finney
Sir Thomas Finney (5 April 1922 – 14 February 2014) was an English international footballer who played from 1946 to 1960 as a outside left for Preston North End and England. He is widely acknowledged to have been one of England's greatest ever players. He was noted for his loyalty to Preston, for whom he made 433 Football League and 39 FA Cup appearances, scoring a total of 210 goals. He played for England 76 times, scoring 30 goals.

Assist (association football)
In association football, an assist is a contribution leading to the scoring of a goal, where the contribution is made by someone on the scoring team other than the scorer. Statistics for assists made by players may be kept officially by the organisers of a competition, or unofficially by, for example, journalists or organisers of fantasy football competitions. Recording assists is not part of the official Laws of the Game and the criteria for an assist to be awarded may vary. Record of assists was virtually not kept at all until the end of the 20th century, although reports of matches commonly described a player as having "made" one or more goals. Since the 1990s, some leagues have kept official record of assists and based awards on them.

The separate player statistics "goals [scored]" and "assists" may be aggregated to a statistic called "[goal] contributions" or "[goal] involvements" (analogous to what is called a point in ice hockey).
503 Kingston Rd
The 503 Kingston Rd (303 Kingston Rd during overnight periods) is an east–west Toronto streetcar route in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission. The 503 Kingston Rd travels on a route to the downtown financial district from the Bingham Loop along Kingston Road and shares much of its track with the 501 Queen and 504 King. Originally a rush-hour service, the route was upgraded in September 2019 to run weekdays excluding evenings after the consolidation of 502 Downtowner service into this route. Route 503 in combination with overnight route 303 provide combined 24-hour service.

Toronto Transit Commission
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in Canada, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

Established as the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1921, the TTC owns and operates five rapid transit lines with 109 stations, more than 150 bus routes, and nine streetcar lines. In 2025, the system had a total of 800,212,000 boardings. The TTC is the most heavily used urban transit system in Canada.
Jadwiga Lachowska
Jadwiga Aga Lachowska de Romanska (1 January 1892 – after 1962) also known as Aga Lahowska-Mundell was a Polish operatic soprano and mezzo-soprano. She developed part of her professional career in Spain in close collaboration with Manuel de Falla.

Jesús Guridi
Jesús Guridi Bidaola (25 September 1886 – 7 April 1961) was a Spanish Basque composer who was a key player in 20th-century Spanish and Basque music. His style fits into the late Romantic idiom, directly inherited from Wagner, and with a strong influence from Basque culture. Among his best-known works are the zarzuela El Caserío, the opera Amaya, the orchestral work Ten Basque Melodies and his organ works, where the Triptych of the Good Shepherd can be highlighted.
The Power and the Glory (Gentle Giant album)
The Power and the Glory is the sixth studio album by the British progressive rock group Gentle Giant, released in 1974. Contrary to popular belief, the title of the album and its many lyrical themes were not inspired by author Graham Greene's novel of the same name, although Derek Shulman was aware of Greene's novel. Guitarist Gary Green has cited this album as his favourite by the band.

The album was originally released in the US and Canada by Capitol Records, as would all Gentle Giant's albums until Civilian.  The original LP cover was diecut, with rounded upper corners.

Civilian (Gentle Giant album)
Civilian is the eleventh and final studio album by the British band Gentle Giant, released in 1980. It was recorded at Sound City Studios in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles with the former Beatles engineer Geoff Emerick. Consisting mostly of short rock songs, it is closer to a traditional rock sound than the progressive style for which the band is best known. The album also marked a return to Columbia Records in the U.S. and Canada after an eight-year hiatus; the band's last album released with Columbia had been 1972's Octopus.

The album peaked at No. 203 on the Billboard 200. Soon after the album's release, Gentle Giant played a final tour and then split up.

A previously unreleased track, "Heroes No More", has been included on some CD reissues of the album. Another track from the same period, "You Haven't a Chance", appeared on the compilation album Under Construction 17 years later.