hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formability
Formability is the ability of a given metal workpiece to undergo plastic deformation without being damaged. The plastic deformation capacity of metallic materials, however, is limited to a certain extent, at which point, the material could experience tearing or fracture (breakage).

Processes affected by the formability of a material include: rolling, extrusion, forging, rollforming, stamping, and hydroforming.

Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.  The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.  Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons. Forging has been done by smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery.

Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) to achieve a finished part. Today, forging is a major worldwide industry.
Bathing Water Regulations 2013
In England the Bathing Water Regulations 2013 (SI 2013/1675) is a statutory instrument defining water suitable for bathing (in the sense of recreational swimming and paddling), other than swimming pools and similar places. An annual list of bathing places is produced. The water must pass water quality standards set by the Environment Agency.

In December 2020 it was announced that a stretch of the River Wharfe at Ilkley in West Yorkshire would become the first river bathing place to be added to the list, which hitherto included coastal sites and lakes.

Statutory instrument (UK)
A statutory instrument (SI) is the principal form in which delegated legislation is made in the United Kingdom.

Statutory instruments are governed by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946. They replaced statutory rules and orders, made under the Rules Publication Act 1893, in 1948.

Most delegated legislation in Great Britain is made in the form of a statutory instrument (in Northern Ireland, delegated legislation is organised into statutory rules, rather than statutory instruments.) The advent of devolution in 1999 resulted in many powers to make statutory instruments being transferred to the Scottish and Welsh governments, and oversight to the Scottish Parliament and Senedd. Instruments made by the Scottish Government are now classed separately as Scottish statutory instruments. Instruments made by the Welsh Government are now classed separately as Welsh statutory instruments.
Charlie Parry
Charles Frederick Parry (25 December 1869 – 4 February 1922) was a Welsh footballer who played as a defender for Everton in the 1890s, helping them to win the Football League championship in 1891. He also made thirteen appearances for the Wales national football team including four as captain. Later in his career, he returned to Wales where he won the Welsh Cup with Aberystwyth Town in 1900. He subsequently fell on hard times and was the beneficiary of three testimonial matches.

Newtown A.F.C.
Newtown Association Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed y Drenewydd) is a Welsh football club based in Newtown, Powys, which plays in the Cymru North

The club plays at Latham Park, Newtown, which accommodates 5,000 spectators.
Sideshow (album)
Sideshow is the second album by the jazz group 8 Bold Souls. It was recorded in November 1991 in Chicago, and was released in 1992 by Arabesque Records. The album features performances by saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer Edward Wilkerson, saxophonist Mwata Bowden, trumpeter Robert Griffin, Jr., trombonist Isaiah Jackson, tubist Aaron Dodd, cellist Naomi Millender, bassist Harrison Bankhead, and drummer Dushun Mosley.

Arabesque Records
Arabesque Records is an American record company and label specializing in jazz and classical music.

It was founded by Ward Botsford with Caedmon Audio as a classical music label. In 1988 it was acquired by Botsford and Marvin Reiss, becoming an independent label, and in 1992 added jazz to its production, with early releases by Craig Handy and Carmen Lundy. Its catalogue grew to include  Jane Ira Bloom, Bruce Brubaker, Thomas Chapin, Dave Douglas, Art Farmer, Billy Hart, Myra Melford, and Charles McPherson, and Horace Tapscott.
Bielitz District
Bielitz District (German: Politischer Bezirk Bielitz, Polish: Powiat polityczny Bielsko) was a political district (equivalent to powiat in Poland) in Austrian Silesia of the Austrian Empire (and since 1867 of Austria-Hungary) existing between 1850–1855 and 1868–1920. Seat of its 
district captaincy and administrative center was the city of Bielitz (now Bielsko-Biała, Poland).

Skoczów
Skoczów (pronounced Sko-choof [ˈskɔt͡ʂuf] ⓘ, German: Skotschau, Czech: Skočov) is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,385 inhabitants (2019). The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

The name of the town is of possessive origin, derived from personal name Skocz.
Sir Charles Shelley, 5th Baronet
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Shelley, 5th Baronet, JP (14 May 1838 – 20 July 1902), was a British Army officer and Hampshire landowner.

Shelley was born in 1838, the second son of John Shelley (1806–1866) by his wife Elizabeth Bowen (died 1889). His paternal grandfather was Sir Timothy Shelley, 2nd Baronet. On the death of a cousin, Sir Percy Shelley, in 1889, his elder brother Edward Shelley (1827–1890) succeeded as 4th Baronet. Sir Edward died childless the following year, when Charles succeeded to the baronetcy.

He served in the Scots Guards from 1855 to 1871, when he retired as a lieutenant-colonel.

He lived at Avington park, near Winchester, which his father had purchased from the last Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, and was a well-known figure in Hampshire, where he was a Justice of the peace (JP). He died on 20 July 1902.

Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
Sir Percy Florence Shelley, 3rd Baronet (12 November 1819 – 5 December 1889), was the son of the novelist and author of Frankenstein, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley and her husband, the English writer and poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. She was his second wife. He was the only child of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley to live beyond infancy. His middle name, possibly suggested by his father's friend Sophia Stacey, came from the city of his birth, Florence in Italy. He had two elder half-siblings, by his father's first marriage to Harriet Westbrook, and three full siblings who died in infancy.
Discrete Weibull distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the discrete Weibull distribution is the discrete variant of the Weibull distribution. Introduced by Toshio Nakagawa and Shunji Osaki in 1975, it is a discrete analog of the continuous Weibull distribution. It models primarily random variables concerning time to failure or time between events, particularly when that time is measured in discrete units. The discrete Weibull distribution is infinitely divisible only for .

Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical models can project how infectious diseases progress to show the likely outcome of an epidemic (including in plants) and help inform public health and plant health interventions. Models use basic assumptions or collected statistics along with mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases and use those parameters to calculate the effects of different interventions, like mass vaccination programs. The modelling can help decide which intervention(s) to avoid and which to trial, or can predict future growth patterns, etc.
Snønutane Peaks
Snønutane Peaks is a group of rock peaks rising above the elevated snow surface just east of Snøbjørga Bluff, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Snønutane ("the snow peaks").

Snøbjørga Bluff
Snøbjørga Bluff (72°5′S 4°39′E﻿ / ﻿72.083°S 4.650°E﻿ / -72.083; 4.650) is a rock and ice bluff at the east side of the head of Stuttflog Glacier, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Snøbjørga ("the snow mountain").
Manuel Lopez (politician)
Manuel Villanueva López (June 9, 1875 - January 14, 1947) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Negros Occidental from May 9, 1906 to September 25, 1907. He later represented the eighth district at the Senate of the Philippines from October 16, 1916 to June 3, 1919.

Governor of Negros Occidental
The governor of Negros Occidental is the local chief executive and head of the Provincial Government of Negros Occidental. Along with the governor of Negros Oriental and the mayor of the highly urbanized city of Bacolod, he serves as one of the chief executives of Negros Island in the Philippines.
Albert Village
Albert Village is a small post-industrial village in Leicestershire, England and is located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the town of Swadlincote. The area's heritage is in coal-mining and pottery manufacture, both locally defunct. The National Forest's visitor attraction  'Conkers' is at nearby Moira. The population is included in the civil parish of Ashby Woulds.

The National Forest (England)
The National Forest is an environmental project in central England run by The National Forest Company. From the 1990s, 200 square miles (520 km2) of north Leicestershire, south Derbyshire and southeast Staffordshire have been planted in an attempt to blend ancient woodland with newly planted areas to create a new national forest. It stretches from the western outskirts of Leicester in the east to Burton upon Trent in the west, and is planned to link the ancient forests of Needwood and Charnwood.
Taukina seamounts
27°S 141°W﻿ / ﻿27°S 141°W﻿ / -27; -141
Taukina seamounts are a series of seamounts on the Pacific Plate. The Macdonald hotspot and the Ngatemato seamounts are located nearby. The Taukina and Ngatemato seamounts were discovered in 1996 by the RV Maurice Ewing and both are named after families in Rapa Iti.

The Taukina seamounts are formed by small volcanoes, with heights of 1,500–1,000 metres (4,900–3,300 ft) and widths of 6–10 kilometres (3.7–6.2 mi). They often feature a caldera on their summit. Tholeiitic rocks make up the seamounts.

The shape of the Taukina seamounts resembles that of the seamounts that form on the East Pacific Rise. An alternate theory of origin is that the Ngatemato seamounts deformed the Pacific plate enough with their weight to trigger the eruption of magma.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.
2013 in science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2013, including the discovery of numerous Earthlike exoplanets, the development of viable lab-grown ears, teeth, livers and blood vessels, and the atmospheric entry of the most destructive meteor since 1908. The year also saw successful new treatments for diseases such as HIV, Usher syndrome and leukodystrophy, and a major expansion in the use and capabilities of technologies such as 3D printing and autonomous cars.

The United Nations designated 2013 the International Year of Water Cooperation.

Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences is a scientific award, funded by internet entrepreneurs Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan of Facebook; Sergey Brin of Google; entrepreneur and venture capitalist Yuri Milner; and Anne Wojcicki, one of the founders of the genetics company 23andMe.

The award of $3 million, the largest award in the sciences, is given to researchers who have made discoveries that extend human life. The Prize is awarded annually, beginning in 2013, with six awards given in each subsequent year. Winners are expected to give public lectures and form the committee to decide future winners. The ceremony takes place in the San Francisco Bay Area, with the symposiums alternating between University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Francisco, and Stanford University.
DeVon Hardin
DeVon Michael Hardin (born August 7, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m), 235 lb (107 kg; 16.8 st) forward-center, Hardin was selected in the 2008 NBA draft as the 50th overall pick by the Seattle SuperSonics.

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
Harivansh Rai Bachchan
Harivansh Rai Bachchan (né Srivastava; 27 November 1907 – 18 January 2003) was an Indian poet and writer of the Nayi Kavita literary movement (romantic upsurge) of early 20th century Hindi literature. He was also a poet of the Hindi Kavi Sammelan. Bachchan is best known for his early work Madhushala. He was the father of Amitabh Bachchan, and grandfather of Shweta Bachchan Nanda and Abhishek Bachchan. His wife Teji Bachchan was a social activist. In 1976, he received the Padma Bhushan for his service to Hindi literature.

Shweta Bachchan Nanda
Shweta Bachchan Nanda (née Bachchan, pronounced [ˈbətːʃən]; born 17 March 1974) is an Indian columnist, author, and former model . She has been a columnist for Daily News and Analysis and Vogue India, and is the author of the bestselling novel Paradise Towers. She has worked as a model for television advertisement, and in 2018 launched her own fashion label, MXS.
Stow Bardolph
Stow Bardolph, sometimes simply referred to as Stow, is an estate and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, lying between King's Lynn and Downham Market on the A10.

It covers an area of 6,100 acres (2,500 ha) and had a population of 1,014 in 421 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 1,230 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. The parish includes Stowbridge and Barroway Drove.

King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in the town of King's Lynn. The district also includes the towns of Downham Market and Hunstanton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The population of the district at the 2021 census was 154,325.

Part of the borough lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The borough lies on the coast, facing both The Wash to the west and the North Sea to the north. The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Breckland, West Suffolk, East Cambridgeshire, Fenland and South Holland.
2017 Chevrolet Sports Car Classic
The 2017 Chevrolet Sports Car Classic was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at The Raceway on Belle Isle in Detroit, Michigan on June 3, 2017. The race was the fifth round of the 2017 IMSA SportsCar Championship.

Action Express Racing
Action Express Racing (AXR) dba Cadillac Whelen for the 2025 season is a sports car racing team that currently competes in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. The team is owned by NASCAR CEO Jim France and run by Bob Johnson and former NASCAR champion crew chief Gary Nelson. Based in Denver, North Carolina, the team currently fields the No. 31 Whelen Engineering Cadillac V-LMDh for Jack Aitken, Earl Bamber and Frederik Vesti.
Mount Adams Wilderness
The Mount Adams Wilderness is a 47,708-acre (19,307 ha) wilderness area in the U.S. state of Washington managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The wilderness encompasses an ecologically complex and geologically active landscape. Weather differs between the dry eastside and moist westside of the mountain. At 12,276 feet (3,742 m), Mount Adams is the second tallest mountain in Washington State and one of the tallest in the Cascade Range. The wilderness area is on the west side of the mountain and is part of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The east side of the mountain is part of the Yakama Nation, with the southeast side part of the Mount Adams Recreation Area, and includes Bird Creek Meadows.

Yakama Indian Reservation
The Yakama Indian Reservation (spelled Yakima until 1994) is a Native American reservation in Washington state of the federally recognized tribe known as the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. The tribe is made up of Klikitat, Palus, Wallawalla, Wenatchi, Wishram, and Yakama peoples.
Solano Avenue
Solano Avenue in Berkeley and Albany, California is a two-mile (3.2 km) long east-west street. Solano Avenue is one of the larger shopping districts in the Berkeley area. Businesses along Solano Avenue cover a wide range, including grocery stores, coffee shops, drugstores, bookstores, antique dealers, apparel outlets, ethnic restaurants and a movie theater.

California State Route 123
State Route 123 (SR 123) is a 7.39-mile (11.89 km) state highway in the U.S. state of California in the San Francisco Bay Area. Named San Pablo Avenue for almost its entire length except for its northernmost 0.10 miles (0.16 km), SR 123 is a major north–south state highway along the flats of the urban East Bay. Route 123 runs between Interstate 580 in Oakland in the south and Interstate 80 at Cutting Boulevard in Richmond in the north. San Pablo Avenue itself, a portion of Historic US 40, continues well past the SR 123 designation south to Downtown Oakland and north to Crockett.
Venla Luukkonen
Venla Luukkonen (born 2 March 1984) is a Finnish grappler and Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitor and instructor. In 2014, she became the first Finnish female black belt and the first Finn to win the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu World Championship at black belt level. Since 2014, in addition to winning several major tournaments, Luukkonen reached the world championship final three more times, winning gold again in 2018.

European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship
The European No-Gi Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championship is a No-Gi Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) tournament hosted annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation. It was first held in 2012 in London, England and has been held subsequently each year in Rome, Italy. Below is a table showing the results of the competition since its inception in 2012, including all editions in the adult male and female adult black belt divisions.
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Saint John, New Brunswick)
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada is a cathedral of the Diocese of Saint John located at 91 Waterloo Street in the city's central neighbourhood of Waterloo Village.

The Cathedral is a prominent example of Gothic Revival architecture. Designed by architect Matthew Stead and officially completed in 1885. The Cathedral features a tall spire, detailed stonework, and stained glass windows typical of its style. It remains the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John and continues to function as an active place of worship and a historic landmark in the city.

Catholic Church in Canada
The Catholic Church in Canada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church and has a decentralised structure, meaning each diocesan bishop is autonomous but under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. As of 2021, it has the largest number of adherents to a Christian denomination or religion in Canada, with 29.4% of Canadians (10.8 million) being adherents according to the census in 2021.
Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)
The Overland Route was a train route operated jointly by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad/Southern Pacific Railroad, between the eastern termini of Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebraska, and the San Francisco Bay Area, over the grade of the first transcontinental railroad (also called the "Pacific Railroad") which opened on May 10, 1869. Passenger trains that operated over the line included the Overland Flyer, later renamed the Overland Limited, with its eastern terminal in Chicago.

The Overland Route remains a common name for the line from northern California to Chicago, now owned entirely by the Union Pacific. The route is now primarily used for freight, with a few portions used by Amtrak's California Zephyr passenger train.

Wells, Nevada
Wells is a small city in Elko County, in northeast Nevada in the western United States. As of the 2020 census, Wells had a population of 1,237. Wells is located at the junction of Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 93, approximately 50 miles (80 km) east of Elko and is part of the Elko micropolitan area.
Ulster Minor Football Championship
The Ulster Minor Football Championship is the Minor "knockout" competition in the game of Gaelic football played in the province of Ulster in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Ulster Council. The trophy for the winning side is The Larry Murray Cup. The competition began in 1930, with Armagh winning during the inaugural year. The most successful county to date is Tyrone who have won on 26 occasions. The winner and the beaten finalist represent Ulster in the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.