hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Social network (sociolinguistics)
In the field of sociolinguistics, social network describes the structure of a particular speech community.  Social networks are composed of a "web of ties" (Lesley Milroy) between individuals, and the structure of a network will vary depending on the types of connections it is composed of. Social network theory (as used by sociolinguists) posits that social networks, and the interactions between members within the networks, are a driving force behind language change.

Penelope Eckert
Penelope "Penny" Eckert (born 1942) is an American sociolinguist and the Albert Ray Lang Professor Emerita of Linguistics at Stanford University. She specializes in variationist sociolinguistics and is the author of several scholarly works on language and gender. She served as the president of the Linguistic Society of America in 2018.
Great Storm of 1975
The Great Storm of 1975 (also known as the Super Bowl Blizzard, Minnesota's Storm of the Century, or the Tornado Outbreak of January, 1975) was an intense winter storm system that impacted a large portion of the Central and Southeast United States from January 9–12, 1975. A classic panhandle hook, the mid-latitude cyclone produced an outbreak of 45 tornadoes in the Southeast U.S. resulting in 12 fatalities, while later dropping over 2 feet (61 cm) of snow and killing 58 people in the Midwest. This storm, which caused blizzard conditions, remains one of the worst blizzards to ever strike parts of the Midwest, as well as one of the largest January tornado outbreaks on record in the United States.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
2023 French Open – Boys' doubles
Yaroslav Demin and Rodrigo Pacheco Méndez won the boys' doubles title at the 2023 French Open, defeating Lorenzo Sciahbasi and Gabriele Vulpitta in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Edas Butvilas and Mili Poljičak were the reigning champions, but were no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

2023 French Open
The 2023 French Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 28 May to 11 June 2023, comprising singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair tournaments were also played. 
It was the 122nd edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam tournament of 2023.
The Carter Sisters
The Carter Sisters, (also known as the second version of The Carter Family) were an American band consisting of Maybelle Carter and her daughters June Carter Cash, Helen Carter, and Anita Carter. Each played an instrument, with June being a pioneer as a front-man.  Formed during World War II, the group recorded and performed into the 1990s. Maybelle and Ezra named the band "The Carter Sisters and Mother Maybelle" and recorded under that title for 2 record labels RCA and Columbia. Maybelle wanted her daughters to be the face of the band.

Sara Carter
Sara Elizabeth Carter (née Dougherty, later Bayes; July 21, 1898 – January 8, 1979) was an American country music musician, singer, and songwriter. Remembered mostly for her deep, distinctive, mature singing voice, she was the lead singer on most of the recordings of the historic Carter Family act in the 1920s and 1930s. In her earliest recordings her voice was pitched very high.
U.S. Route 150
U.S. Route 150 (US 150) is a 571-mile (919 km) long northwest–southeast United States highway, signed as east–west. It runs from U.S. Route 6 outside of Moline, Illinois, to U.S. Route 25 in Mount Vernon, Kentucky.

Quad Cities International Airport
Quad Cities International Airport (IATA: MLI, ICAO: KMLI, FAA LID: MLI) is a public airport in Rock Island County, Illinois, three miles (5 km) south of Moline, partly in Blackhawk Township and partly in Coal Valley Township. In 2012 it was named "Illinois Primary Airport of the Year". It serves the Quad Cities Metropolitan area, including Davenport and Bettendorf in Scott County, Iowa as well as Moline in Rock Island County, Illinois.

The airport does not have any international commercial passenger flights; its international designation is due to being an official port of entry and having a Foreign Trade Zone and U.S. Customs Office, enabling international cargo shipments and international general aviation passenger flights.

The airport is directly south of the Quad-City Seaplane Base, which is located on the Rock River, Quad Cities International's northern boundary.
1983 NBL Finals
The 1983 NBL Finals was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball League's 1983 season, which began in February. The finals began on 23 June. The tournament concluded with the Canberra Cannons defeating the West Adelaide Bearcats in the NBL Grand Final on 4 July.

NBL Finals
The National Basketball League (NBL) Finals is a tournament held at the end of each NBL season to determine the league champions.

The top six teams qualify for the finals based on their regular season performance. The current Finals format consists of four rounds: two sudden-death play-in games, followed by the best-of-three Semifinals and the best-of-five Grand Final series.
Safeway Stores Office and Warehouse Building
The Safeway Stores Office and Warehouse Building is a historic building near downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The building was designed by Kansas City architects Archer and Gloyd and was built by local contractor J. H. Thompson in 1929. It served as Safeway's regional produce and canned goods warehouse, as well as the regional headquarters for the chain. The warehouse served a region extending from Topeka, Kansas in the west to St. Joseph, Missouri in the north, Columbia, Missouri in the east to Joplin, Missouri in the south.

The 84,000-square-foot (7,800 m2) four-story building is approximately 100 feet (30 m) by 140 feet (43 m). The concrete structure is clad with brick and stone on the main (west) facade, while the remaining sides reveal the concrete. The interior is supported by concrete mushroom columns.

A loading dock was added in 1949. The facility was operated by Safeway until 1953, when it was purchased by the Halls Company. Another addition was made in 1976.

Safeway
Safeway, Inc. is an American supermarket chain that provides grocery items and general merchandise along with various specialty departments such as bakery, delicatessen, floral, and pharmacy, as well as Starbucks coffee shops and vehicle fuel centers. Safeway's primary base of operations is in the Western United States, with some stores located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern Seaboard.

It is a subsidiary of Albertsons after being acquired by private equity investors led by Cerberus Capital Management in January 2015. The subsidiary is headquartered in Pleasanton, California.
Gametophytic selection
Gametophytic selection is the selection of one haploid pollen grain over another through the means of pollen competition (see also certation), and that resulting sporophytic generations are positively affected by this competition. Evidence for the positive effects of gametophytic selection on the sporophyte generation has been observed in several flowering plant species, but there are is still some debate as to the biological significance of gametophytic selection.

Gametophyte
A gametophyte (/ɡəˈmiːtəfaɪt/) is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore, that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes.
Owlshead Peak
Owlshead Peak (66°19′S 65°49′W﻿ / ﻿66.317°S 65.817°W﻿ / -66.317; -65.817) is a peak 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) east of Cape Bellue on Stresher Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land. Photographed by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) in 1956–57, and roughly surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey FIDS from "Detaille Island", 1956-59. The name is descriptive of the feature when seen from Crystal Sound and Darbel Bay.

Cape Bellue
Cape Bellue is a headland on the north side of the entrance to Darbel Bay, which forms the west extremity of Stresher Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It separates Graham Coast to the northeast from Loubet Coast to the southwest.  Discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–1910, under Charcot, and named by him for Admiral Bellue, Superintendent of the Dockyard at Cherbourg, France. The cape was roughly mapped by BGLE in August–September 1935 and called in error "Cape Evensen". The cape was photographed from the air by FIDASE and surveyed from the ground by FIDS from Detaille Island, 1956–57.
Scoarța
Scoarța is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of eleven villages: Bobu, Budieni, Câmpu Mare, Cerătu de Copăcioasa, Colibași, Copăcioasa, Lazuri, Lintea, Mogoșani, Pișteștii din Deal, and Scoarța.

The commune is located in the central part of Gorj County, 8 km (5 mi) north of the town of Târgu Cărbunești and 17 km (11 mi) east of the county seat, Târgu Jiu. National road DN67 connects it to Târgu Jiu and Drobeta-Turnu Severin to the west and to Râmnicu Vâlcea to the east.

Scoarța lies at an altitude of 242 m (794 ft), on the banks of the rivers Blahnița and Zlast.

Râmnicu Vâlcea
Râmnicu Vâlcea (formerly Râmnic, Romanian pronunciation: [ˈrɨmniku ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a]) is a city in Romania. Located in the south-central part of the country, in the historical province of Oltenia, it is the seat of Vâlcea County and its main urban settlement. According to the 2021 Romanian census, it has a population of 93,151.
St Mawgan and Colan (electoral division)
St Mawgan and Colan (Cornish: Lannhernow ha Kolan) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council from 2013 to 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by St Columb Minor and Colan and St Columb Major, St Mawgan and St Wenn.

St Columb Major, St Mawgan and St Wenn (electoral division)
St Columb Major, St Mawgan and St Wenn is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being formed from the former division of St Columb Major. Since 2025, it has been represented by Rowland O'Connor, a member of Reform UK.
Wills Act 1963
The Wills Act 1963 (c. 44) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed the Wills Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 114) and brought United Kingdom law in line with the suggestions of the Ninth Hague Conference on Private International Law, completed on 5 October 1961. Along with the Wills Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 26), the 1963 act is the principal act dealing with wills in the United Kingdom. The act allows a will to be considered "properly executed" if it was executed in line with local law in the state where it was executed, the state where the testator lived or the state the testator was a citizen of, rather than applying United Kingdom law to all wills.

Legislation.gov.uk
legislation.gov.uk, formerly known as the UK Statute Law Database, is the official Web-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom, hosted by The National Archives. Established in the early 2000s, it contains all primary legislation in force since 1267 and all secondary legislation since 1823; it does not include legislation which was fully repealed prior to 1991. The contents have been revised to reflect legislative changes up to 2002, with material that has been amended since 2002 fully updated and searchable.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
The assistant secretary of the navy (financial management and comptroller) (abbreviated ASN FM) is a civilian office of the United States Department of the Navy.  The assistant secretary of the navy (financial management and comptroller) is responsible for managing and directing all of the financial matters, including the annual budgets, of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.  The assistant secretary of the navy (financial management and comptroller) is also the comptroller of the Department of the Navy.  The assistant secretary of the navy (financial management and comptroller) reports to the under secretary of the navy.

The office was established in 1954; disestablished in 1958; and then re-established in 1961.  In June 1981, the office was re-designated as Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller), but in March 1984, the name switched back to Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller).

United States Under Secretary of the Navy
The under secretary of the navy is the second-highest ranking civilian official in the United States Department of the Navy. The under secretary reports to the secretary of the navy (SECNAV). Before the creation of the under secretary's office, the second-highest civilian at the Department of the Navy was the assistant secretary of the navy.
1458 mystery eruption
There are two large sulfate spikes caused by mystery volcanic eruptions in the mid-1400s: the 1452/1453 mystery eruption and 1458 mystery eruption. Before 2012, the date of 1458 sulfate spike was incorrectly assigned to be 1452 because previous ice core work had poor time resolution. The exact location of this eruption is uncertain, but possible candidates include the submerged caldera of Kuwae in the Coral Sea, Mount Reclus and Tofua caldera. The eruption is believed to have been VEI-7.

Unexplained volcanic eruption
An unexplained volcanic eruption is a major volcanic event known primarily through indirect evidence such as sulfate spikes in polar ice cores, tree ring anomalies, and historical climate impacts. They are sometimes referred to as mystery volcanic eruptions because the exact source of the material is unknown. Because evidence for them is indirect, precise details are unknown but some of these events were later identified through further research.

These eruptions can have significant climate impacts by creating a volcanic winter event where material from the eruption decreases the amount of solar energy reaching the earth for a period. These global cooling episodes can have significant societal impacts. Many of these unexplained eruptions are believed to have occurred in remote tropical regions where there are limited historical records from the period as well as limited modern scientific data on many volcanoes.
1986 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 8 February 1986 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and 17 members to the 34-seat Legislative Council. The Labor government, led by Premier Brian Burke, won a second term in office against the Liberal Party, led by Opposition Leader Bill Hassell since 16 February 1984.

The election resulted in one of Labor's best state election results after World War II, and featured a united National Party for the first time since the 1977 election.

1977 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 19 February 1977 to elect all 55 members to the Legislative Assembly and 17 members to the 32-seat Legislative Council. The Liberal-National Country coalition government, led by Premier Sir Charles Court, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Colin Jamieson.

The election produced a decisive victory for the Coalition, attributed by some observers to its strong and organised campaign, the Premier's ability in dealing with the media and good economic times built on resource exports, as contrasted against the Labor Opposition's often unfocussed campaign dwelling on the government's perceived autocratic methods and those sections of the general population which were not benefitting from the good times.
Nancy Guptill
Nancy Evelyn Guptill (April 28, 1941 – August 24, 2020) was a Canadian politician from Prince Edward Island (PEI).  She served in its Legislative Assembly from 1987 to 2000.  A member of the provincial Liberal Party, she represented the electoral districts of 5th Prince from 1987 to 1996 and St. Eleanors-Summerside from 1996 to 2000.  She was noted for being part of PEI's Famous Five when she was elected speaker in 1993.

Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Summerside is a Canadian city in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, consisting of the amalgamated communities of Summerside, St Eleanors, and Wilmot. It is the second largest city in the province and the primary service centre for the western part of the island.
1972–77 Nordic Football Championship
The 1972–77 Nordic Football Championship was the eleventh Nordic Football Championship staged. Four Nordic countries participated: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament, its ninth Nordic Championship win.

Nordic Football Championship
The Nordic Football Championship (Danish: Nordisk Mesterskab, Norwegian: Nordisk Mesterskap, Swedish: Nordiska Mästerskapet, Finnish: Pohjoismaiden-mestaruusturnaus, commonly abbreviated NM or PM) was an international football competition contested by the men's national football teams of the Nordic countries. In the first tournament played 1924–1928, only Denmark, Norway and Sweden competed, but Finland joined for the second tournament, and at the last tournament played in 2000–2001, Iceland and the Faroe Islands also competed.
Pratt & Whitney F119
The Pratt & Whitney F119, company designation PW5000, is an afterburning turbofan engine developed by Pratt & Whitney for the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program, which resulted in the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. The engine delivers thrust in the 35,000 lbf (156 kN) class and was designed for sustained supersonic flight without afterburners, or supercruise; the F119 allows the F-22 to achieve supercruise speeds of up to Mach 1.8. The F119's nozzles incorporate thrust vectoring that enable them to direct the engine thrust ±20° in the pitch axis to give the F-22 enhanced maneuverability.

The F119 is also the basis for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) propulsion system, with variants powering both the Boeing X-32 and Lockheed Martin X-35 concept demonstrators. The X-35 won the JSF competition and the production Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is powered by an F119 derivative, the Pratt & Whitney F135 which produces up to 43,000 lbf (191 kN) of thrust.

Specific thrust
Specific thrust is the thrust per unit air mass flowrate of a jet engine (e.g. turbojet, turbofan, etc.) and can be calculated by the ratio of net thrust/total intake airflow.

Low specific thrust engines tend to be more efficient of propellant (at subsonic speeds), but also have a lower effective exhaust velocity and lower maximum airspeed. High specific thrust engines are mostly used for supersonic speeds, and high specific thrust engines can achieve hypersonic speeds.
Lon Adams
Alonzo Theodore Adams II (March 15, 1925 – November 28, 2020) was an American food scientist who was the inventor and creator of the modern day snack brand Slim Jim. He received his undergrad degree from St. Ambrose University in Davenport, Iowa, and his Master's degree from Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The New York Times labeled him the "Father" of the Slim Jim in an article written in 1996. Adams worked for Conagra Brands for most of his career. Adams was a World War II veteran who was in the Battle of the Bulge, in which he survived being shot in the head. He died from COVID-19 at a hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina, on November 28, 2020, at the age of 95.

Conagra Brands
Conagra Brands, Inc. (formerly ConAgra Foods) is an American consumer packaged goods holding company that makes and sells products under various brand names that are available in supermarkets, restaurants, and food service establishments. Based on its 2021 revenue, the company ranked 331st on the 2022 Fortune 500. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, Conagra was founded in Nebraska in 1919 and was originally called Nebraska Consolidated Mills.
Maebashi Futagoyama Kofun
Maebashi Futagoyama Kofun (前橋二子山古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in the Bunkyocho neighborhood of the city of Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1927. It is also sometimes referred to as the Amagawa-Futagoyama Kofun (天川二子山古墳).This tumuli appears in the poem "Futagoyama" by Sakutaro Hagiwara.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
SS Brazil Victory
The SS Brazil Victory, United States Maritime Commission designation VC2-S-AP3, hull number 8 (V-8), was the eighth Victory ship built during World War II. Built in 113 days under the Emergency Shipbuilding program, the ship was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on March 30, 1944, and completed on May 26, 1944. SS Brazil Victory served in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean during World War II. She was named for the nation of Brazil, one of the Allies of World War II.

Victory ship
The Victory ship is a ship class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by American shipyards during World War II. They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship, were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines, giving higher speed to allow participation in high-speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats.  A total of 534 Victory ships were built in between 1944 and 1946.
Newport 214
The Newport 214 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Harry R. Sindle as a pocket cruiser and Midget Ocean Racing Club (MORC) racer and first built in 1975.

The Newport 214 is a development of the 1972 Newport 212.

Trailer sailer
A trailer sailer is a keelboat that is big enough to accommodate crew for a weekend cruise, yet small enough to be launched, rigged, and recovered single-handed. It is also relatively easy to haul on a trailer behind a car, which requires low displacement and a shallow draft.

Although many small yachts can in principle be moved on a trailer, not all qualify as trailer sailers. The term is generally reserved for cabin sailboats intended for regular ramp launching. It does not apply to dinghies or small open keelboats under about 19 feet, since these are almost always easy to tow due to their characteristic light weight and shallow draft.