hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Merseyrail
The history of Merseyrail dates back to the 19th century with the original formation of the Mersey Railway in 1886. Merseyrail, created in 1963, became a single network in 1977 and was developed from lines previously owned by a number of companies. The 1970s Loop and Link project, consisting of two tunnels under Liverpool's city centre, was designed to increase capacity and improve service. When Merseyrail originally opened, there were 50 stations on the network; this has since expanded to almost 70, with plans for a network expansion, battery-powered trains, the reopening of lines, and the reuse of track and tunnels.

Liverpool James Street railway station
Liverpool James Street (or simply James Street) is a railway station located in the centre of Liverpool, in Merseyside, England; it is situated on the Wirral Line of the Merseyrail network. James Street is an underground station, with access to the platforms via lifts from the booking hall. At certain times, the platforms are accessed via a pedestrian tunnel from the India Buildings on Water Street. As of 2013/14, James Street was the fifth-busiest station on the Merseyrail network.
Rice pudding
Rice pudding is a dish made from rice and milk, and commonly other ingredients such as sweeteners, spices, flavourings and sometimes eggs.

Variants are used for either desserts or dinners. When used as a dessert, it is commonly combined with a sweetener such as sugar. Such desserts are found on many continents, especially Asia, where rice is a staple. Some variants are thickened only with the rice starch, while others include eggs, making them a kind of custard.

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Metacarpal synostosis
Metacarpal synostosis is a rare congenital difference which is characterized by the fusion of 2 (or, in rare cases, more) metacarpals of the hand, which are usually shortened. It is most commonly seen as a fusion of the 4th and 5th metacarpals. It is a type of non-syndromic syndactyly/synostosis. Autosomal dominant and X-linked recessive inheritance patterns have been reported.

Synostosis
Synostosis (from Ancient Greek  συν- (syn-) 'together' and  ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone'; plural: synostoses) is fusion of two or more bones. It can be normal in puberty (e.g. fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become the epiphyseal line), or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Examples of synostoses include:

craniosynostosis – an abnormal fusion of two or more cranial bones;

radioulnar synostosis – the abnormal fusion of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm;

tarsal coalition – a failure to separately form all seven bones of the tarsus (the hind part of the foot) resulting in an amalgamation of two bones; and

syndactyly – the abnormal fusion of neighboring digits.

Synostosis within joints can cause ankylosis.
Arrondissements of the Nièvre department
The 4 arrondissements of the Nièvre department are:

Arrondissement of Château-Chinon (Ville), (subprefecture: Château-Chinon (Ville)) with 80 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 27,268 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Clamecy, (subprefecture: Clamecy) with 84 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 20,156 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire, (subprefecture: Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire) with 63 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 42,206 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nevers, (prefecture of the Nièvre department: Nevers) with 82 communes.  The population of the arrondissement was 112,787 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Nevers
The arrondissement of Nevers is an arrondissement of France in the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It has 82 communes. Its population is 112,787 (2021), and its area is 2,025.4 km2 (782.0 sq mi).
William H. Spurgeon III
William H. Spurgeon III (May 14, 1916 – September 13, 1970) was a Southern California businessman who worked to promote experientional learning through the Exploring program of the Boy Scouts of America. He was the grandson of William H. Spurgeon. In 1970, he received the Silver Buffalo Award for his contributions to Scouting.

Irvine Company
The Irvine Company LLC is an American private company focused on real estate development. It is headquartered in Newport Beach, California, with a large portion of its operations centered in and around Irvine, California, a planned city of more than 300,000 people mainly designed by the Irvine Company. The company was founded by the Irvine family and is currently wholly owned by Donald Bren.

Since the company is private, its financials are not released to the public. However,  Bren is the wealthiest real estate developer in the United States with a net worth of $15.3 billion as of April 2021.
Lava rock mountain snail
The lava rock mountain snail (Oreohelix waltoni) is a species of land snail in the family Oreohelicidae. It is also known as Walton's banded mountain snail. It is endemic to Idaho in the United States, where it is known from just a few locations on the Salmon River.

Oreohelicidae
Oreohelicidae is a family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Nikolai Ivanov (general)
Nikolai Iudovich Ivanov (Russian: Никола́й Иу́дович Ива́нов; 3 August [O.S. 22 July] 1851 – 27 January 1919) was a Russian artillery general in the Imperial Russian Army. In July 1914, Ivanov was given command of four armies in the Southwestern Front against the Austro-Hungarian army, winning a major battle of Galicia. During the Russian Revolution of March 1917, Tsar Nicholas II ordered Ivanov to suppress the revolutionaries but as promised reinforcements failed to come to his aid, he canceled the aborted mission. In 1917, he retired but a year later took command of the White Army. In 1919, Ivanov died of typhus in Southern Russia.

Order of Saint Vladimir
The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (Russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on 3 October [O.S. 22 September] 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
Hermann Rauschning
Hermann Adolf Reinhold Rauschning (7 August 1887 – 8 February 1982) was a German politician and author, adherent of the Conservative Revolution movement who briefly joined the Nazi movement before breaking with it. He was the President of the Senate (head of government and chief of state) of the Free City of Danzig from 1933 to 1934. In 1934, he renounced Nazi Party membership and in 1936 emigrated from Germany. He eventually settled in the United States and began openly denouncing Nazism. Rauschning is chiefly known for his book Gespräche mit Hitler ("Conversations with Hitler", American title: Voice of Destruction, British title: Hitler Speaks) in which he recalls meetings and conversations with Adolf Hitler.

Richard J. Evans
Sir Richard John Evans FRSL FRHistS FBA FLSW (born 29 September 1947) is a British historian of 19th- and 20th-century Europe with a focus on Germany. He is the author of eighteen books, including his three-volume The Third Reich Trilogy (2003–2008). Evans was Regius Professor of History at the University of Cambridge from 2008 until he retired in 2014, and President of Cambridge's Wolfson College from 2010 to 2017. He has been Provost of Gresham College in London since 2014.
Evans was appointed Knight Bachelor for services to scholarship in the 2012 Birthday Honours.
Fuego (Phish album)
Fuego is the thirteenth studio album by the American rock band Phish, released on June 24, 2014 on the band's own JEMP Records label.

The album was the band's first in five years, and features material that the band had debuted at their Halloween concert on October 31, 2013 in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Page McConnell
Page Samuel McConnell (born May 17, 1963) is an American multi-instrumentalist, most noted for his work as the keyboardist and a songwriter for the band Phish.

McConnell joined Phish in 1985, and is the only member of its long-standing quartet lineup to not be an original member of the band. McConnell has been part of a number of other side projects, including leading the electronic jazz fusion band Vida Blue and acting as a session musician for the comedy rock duo Tenacious D. He released his debut solo album, Page McConnell, in 2007.
Krieger Peak
Krieger Peak (71°46′S 70°35′W﻿ / ﻿71.767°S 70.583°W﻿ / -71.767; -70.583) is a peak between Duffy Peak and The Obelisk in the central part of the Staccato Peaks, southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peak was photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth in 1935, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Commander Charles J. Krieger, U.S. Navy, an aircraft commander in Squadron VXE-6, Operation Deep Freeze, 1969 and 1970.

Duffy Peak
Duffy Peak (71°45′S 70°40′W﻿ / ﻿71.750°S 70.667°W﻿ / -71.750; -70.667) is a peak southeast of Hageman Peak in the Staccato Peaks, southwest Alexander Island, Antarctica. Dargomyzhsky glacier extends and flows west from the base of Duffy Peak and enters the nearby Bach Ice Shelf. The peak was photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth in 1935, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Commander Joseph A. Duffy, a U.S. Navy aircraft pilot in Squadron VXE-6 during Operation Deep Freeze, 1969 and 1970.
Denmark national under-17 football team
The Denmark national under-17 football team represents Denmark in international football at this age level and is controlled by the Danish Football Association, the governing body for football in Denmark. It was founded in 1964 as an under-16 team. In 2001, it was changed to an under-17 team.

Germany national under-17 football team
Germany national under-17 football team, also known as Germany Under-17s or Germany U17(s), represents Germany in association football at an under-17 age level and is controlled by German Football Association, the governing body for football in Germany.
Keith Grant
Keith Robertson Grant (16 February 1941 – 18 June 2012) was a British sound engineer. He won a British Academy Film Award in the category Best Soundtrack for the film Jesus Christ Superstar.

Grant died on 18 June 2012 in Sunbury-on-Thames, at the age of 71.

BAFTA Award for Best Sound
The BAFTA Award for Best Sound is a film award that is presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to sound designers, sound editors, sound engineers, and sound mixers. It has been presented at the annual British Academy Film Awards since 1969.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
Shap Long
Shap Long (Chinese: 十塱) is a village located on Lantau Island in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It contains several settlements, including Shap Long Chung Hau (十塱涌口), Shap Long Kau Tsuen (十塱舊村) and Shap Long San Tsuen (十塱新村).

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Holomorphic tangent bundle
In mathematics, and especially complex geometry, the holomorphic tangent bundle of a complex manifold  is the holomorphic analogue of the tangent bundle of a smooth manifold. The fibre of the holomorphic tangent bundle over a point is the holomorphic tangent space, which is the tangent space of the underlying smooth manifold, given the structure of a complex vector space via the almost complex structure  of the complex manifold .

Complex manifold
In differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex manifold or a complex analytic manifold is a manifold with a complex structure, that is an atlas of charts to the open unit disc in the complex coordinate space , such that the transition maps are holomorphic.

The term "complex manifold" is variously used to mean a complex manifold in the sense above (which can be specified as an integrable complex manifold) or an almost complex manifold.
Kosugi Hōan Museum of Art, Nikkō
Kosugi Hōan Museum of Art, Nikkō (小杉放菴記念日光美術館, Kosugi Hōan Kinen Nikkō Bijutsukan) opened in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan in 1997. Named after and exhibiting works by artist Kosugi Hōan, the museum's collection and displays document the area's natural beauty as well as its cultural presence.

Nikkō
Nikkō (日光市, Nikkō-shi; IPA: [ɲikkoꜜːɕi]) is a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 2 December 2020, the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi).

Nikkō is a popular destination for Japanese and international tourists. Attractions include the mausoleum of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Nikkō Tōshō-gū shrine, and that of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu (Iemitsu-byō Taiyū-in), along with Futarasan shrine, which dates to the year 767. There are many famous onsen (hot springs) in the area. Elevations range from 200 to 2,000 meters.

The Japanese saying "Never say kekkō until you've seen Nikkō" (日光を見ずして結構と言うなかれ)" – with kekkō (結構) meaning splendid, magnificent, or satisfied – is a reflection of the beauty and sites in Nikkō.
Education in Thrissur District
Thrissur is a district situated in the central part of Kerala state, India.  Thrissur District was formed on 1 July 1949.  The headquarters of the district has the same name, Thrissur city.  It is an important cultural centre, and is known as the "cultural capital" of Kerala.  The number of schools in Thrissur District is numerous. Church Mission Society School started in 1845 is the oldest school and St. Thomas College is the first college in Thrissur. On 2 September 2022, Thrissur joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC).

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
2011 Ilocos Sur's 1st congressional district special election
A special election for Ilocos Sur's 1st district seat in the House of Representatives of the Philippines was held on May 28, 2011. The special election was called after incumbent representative Ronald Singson resigned on March 7, 2011, after being convicted of drug possession by the Wan Chai District Court in Hong Kong. Vigan vice mayor Ryan Luis Singson, the former representative's brother, won the election and shall serve the remainder of his brother's term which will end on June 30, 2013.

Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur
The legislative districts of Ilocos Sur are the representations of the province of Ilocos Sur in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts.

Abra last formed part of the province's representation in 1917.

The first district of Ilocos Sur is among the original representative districts from 1907 which has never changed in territorial coverage, along with Albay's first, Ilocos Norte's first and second, and Iloilo's first districts.
Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000
The Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 (Pub. L. 106–224 (text) (PDF)) made major revisions to the United States' federal crop insurance program and provided emergency agricultural assistance. The crop insurance provisions significantly increased the program's government subsidy; improved coverage for farmers affected by multiple years of natural disasters; and authorized pilot insurance programs for livestock farmers and growers of other farm commodities that were not served by crop insurance, among many other provisions. The emergency provisions made available a total of $7.14 billion in emergency farm assistance, mostly in direct payments (called market loss payments) to growers of various commodities to compensate for low farm commodity prices.

Market loss payments
Market loss payments is a United States government designation first used in the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Appropriations Act, FY1999 (P.L. 105-277) to describe the $3.1 billion in emergency income support payments authorized for eligible grain, cotton, and dairy farmers.

The Act stated that such funds were to compensate farmers for the loss of 1998 income caused by “regional economic dislocation, unilateral trade sanctions, and the failure of the government to pursue trade opportunities aggressively.”  Similar economic emergency support payments for selected commodities were subsequently enacted in P.L. 106-78 ($6.5 billion), in P.L. 106-224 ($6.5 billion), in P.L. 106-387 ($0.9 billion), and in P.L. 107-25 ($5.5 billion).  Market loss assistance to grain and cotton producers were distributed in parallel manner to the contract payments authorized by the Agricultural Market Transition Act.
Hedge End
Hedge End is a town and civil parish in Hampshire, England. Situated to the east of the City of Southampton, it adjoins the districts of West End and Botley. Hedge End lies within the Borough of Eastleigh and is part of the Southampton Urban Area. The original hamlet developed on Botley Common after 1250 when it was granted to the men of Botley as common pasture. In 1267, royal charters allowed Botley to hold an annual fair and a weekly market on the common which eventually became a market town.

Inclosure act
The inclosure acts created legal property rights to land previously held in common in England and Wales, particularly open fields and common land. Between 1604 and 1914 over 5,200 individual acts enclosing public land were passed, affecting 28,000 km2.
Loshavn
Loshavn is a small port village in Farsund municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the mouth of the Lyngdalsfjorden, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the town of Farsund. In 1865, there were over 200 residents, but today there are only a handful, with most of the buildings used as hotels and vacation rentals.

The village has perhaps the best-preserved wooden buildings along the southern coast of Norway. The place has a history of character, especially from the years of the Gunboat War (1807-1814), the so-called "privateer era" (kapertiden). During these years, Loshavn was militarized to protect the mainland from any British invasion and some of the residents also ran unauthorized hijacking of British ships with government approval along the coast.

Lyngdalsfjorden
Lyngdalsfjorden is a fjord in Agder county, Norway.  The 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) fjord begins at the village of Alleen in Lyngdal municipality and it flows southwest into Farsund municipality before emptying into the North Sea just south of the town of Farsund.  The 1-to-2-kilometre (0.62 to 1.24 mi) wide fjord is fed by the river Lygna at Alleen and it has a couple larger fjords that join the Lyngdalsfjorden.  The Åptafjorden joins the Lyngdalsfjorden from the northwest, coming from Sande and Åpta in the Herad area.  The large lake Framvaren flows into the Helvikfjorden, which joins the Lyngdalsfjorden from the west.
Intersex rights in France
Intersex people in France face significant gaps in protection from non-consensual medical interventions and protection from discrimination. The birth of Abel Barbin, a nineteenth-century intersex woman, is marked in Intersex Day of Remembrance. Barbin may have been the first intersex person to write a memoir, later published by Michel Foucault.

In response to pressure from intersex activists and recommendations by United Nations Treaty Bodies, the Senate published an inquiry into the treatment of intersex people in February 2017. It calls for significant changes to some medical practices, and compensation for individuals subjected to medical treatment deemed to be medically unnecessary or done without informed consent. An individual, Gaëtan Schmitt, has taken legal action to obtain civil status as "neutral sex" ("sexe neutre") but, in May 2017, this was rejected by the Court of Cassation.

Organisation Intersex International
The Organisation Intersex International (OII) is a global advocacy and support group for people with intersex traits. According to Milton Diamond, it is the world's largest organization of intersex persons. A decentralised network, OII was founded in 2003 by Curtis Hinkle and Sarita Vincent Guillot. Upon Hinkle's retirement, American intersex activist 
Hida Viloria served as Chairperson/President elect from April 2011 through November 2017, when they resigned in order to focus on OII's American affiliate, OII-USA's transition into the independent American non-profit, the Intersex Campaign for Equality.
Rancho San Emidio
Rancho San Emidio  was a 17,710-acre (71.7 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Kern County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José Antonio Dominguez.  The grant was located along San Emigdio Creek in the northeastern foothills of the San Emigdio Mountains, between Santiago Creek on the west and Pleitito Creek on the east.

There is speculation on the name.  Either it is an alternative spelling of San Emigdio (Saint Emygdius the protector Saint against earthquakes), or an intentional corruption, meant as a witticism since "emidio" means tired or weary. The rancho was established at a way stop at the foot of San Emigdio Canyon on El Camino Viejo ('the old road,' 18th-19th century) that ran along the eastern edge of the San Joaquin Valley from Pueblo de Los Angeles to the Mission Santa Clara de Asís and later on to Rancho San Antonio, on San Francisco Bay.

Rancho San Antonio (Peralta)
Rancho San Antonio, also known as the Peralta Grant, was a 44,800-acre (181 km2) land grant by Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá, the last Spanish governor of California, to Don Luís María Peralta, a sergeant in the Spanish Army and later, commissioner of the Pueblo of San José, in recognition of his forty years of service. The grant, issued on August 3, 1820, embraced the sites of the cities of San Leandro, Oakland, Alameda, Emeryville, Piedmont, Berkeley, and Albany.