hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmund Winston
Edmund Winston Sr. (b. 1745 – d. August 18, 1818) was a lawyer, politician, jurist, and patriot who represented south central Virginia in the Virginia Senate (1776-1783) then became a judge of the general court of Virginia (now the Virginia Supreme Court).

Charlotte County, Virginia
Charlotte County is a United States county located in the south central part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is the town of Charlotte Court House.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 11,529. Charlotte County is predominantly rural with a population density of only 26.5 persons per square mile.

The county was formed in 1764 from Lunenburg County, and it is named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III of England.  Founding Father Patrick Henry was one of its most famous residents, and his grave and the national memorial dedicated to him are located in Charlotte County.
Colorado History Museum
The Colorado History Museum was a museum in Denver, Colorado, United States, dedicated to the history of Colorado. It was at 1300 Broadway in Denver from 1976 to 2010, and was administered by the Colorado Historical Society, now known as History Colorado. It closed on 28 March 2010, and the building was demolished in June to make way for a new Colorado Judicial Complex. The replacement museum, the History Colorado Center, was constructed one block to the south.

History Colorado
History Colorado is a historical society that was established in 1879 as the State Historical Society of Colorado, also known as the Colorado Historical Society. History Colorado is a 501(c)(3) organization and an agency of the State of Colorado under the Department of Higher Education.
Baghel Singh
Baghel Singh (c. 1730s – c. 1800s) was a Sikh warrior and leader in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. He rose to prominence in the area around Sutlej and Yamuna. He joined the Singh Krora Misl, one of the Misls during Sikh Confederacy. In 1765, Singh became the leader of the Misl. Baghel Singh is remembered for constructing important Sikh Gurdwaras in Delhi at the sites of important events in Sikh history in the area.

Rohilkhand
Rohilkhand (Hindi pronunciation: [ɾoːɦɪlkʰəɳɖ]) is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, that is centered on the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain, and is named after the Rohilla, a community of Pashtun heritage. The region was called Madhyadesh and Panchala in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the colonial era in India, the region was governed by the Royal House of Rampur.
Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls
Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls is a Unicode block containing formatting characters that enable full formatting of quadrats for Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The block size was expanded by 32 code points in Unicode version 15.0 (version 14: 1343F → version 15: 1345F), and 29 more characters were defined.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Gas networks simulation
Gas networks simulation or gas pipeline simulation is a process of defining the mathematical model of gas transmission and gas distribution systems, which are usually composed of highly integrated pipe networks operating over a wide range of pressures. Simulation allows to predict the behaviour of gas network systems under different conditions. Such predictions can be effectively used to guide decisions regarding the design and operation of the real system.

Kirchhoff's circuit laws
Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference (commonly known as voltage) in the lumped element model of electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845 by German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. This generalized the work of Georg Ohm and preceded the work of James Clerk Maxwell. Widely used in electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply Kirchhoff's laws. These laws can be applied in time and frequency domains and form the basis for network analysis.

Both of Kirchhoff's laws can be understood as corollaries of Maxwell's equations in the low-frequency limit. They are accurate for DC circuits, and for AC circuits at frequencies where the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are very large compared to the circuits.
Peter Hall (minister)
Peter Hall (17 May 1851 – 1937) was a Gold Coast-born Jamaican teacher, missionary and Presbyterian clergyman who was elected the first Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast, equivalent to the rank of chairperson of the synod or chief executive of the national church organisation, a position he held from 1918 to 1922. Hall was the son of John Hall, one of 24 West Indian missionaries who arrived in the Danish Protectorate of Christiansborg and worked under the auspices of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society.

Akropong
Akropong is a town in South Ghana and the capital of the Akuapim North District, a district in the Eastern Region of South Ghana. It is known for producing snails and palm oil. Akropong has a 2013 settlement population of 13,785 people.
Morris Park Facility
The Morris Park Facility is a maintenance facility of the Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York City. It includes two employee-only side platforms on the Atlantic Branch named Boland's Landing. Two wooden platforms, each two cars long, exist on the two-track line, with a flashlight for workers to signal trains to stop.

The facility opened on November 1, 1889. Though used for train storage for over a century, it is mainly used for maintaining and refueling diesel locomotives and electro-diesel locomotives since the 1990s.: 6  The locomotive roundhouse was renovated in 2018, with construction being completed in late 2020.

Montauk Branch
The Montauk Branch is a rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The line runs the length of Long Island, 115 miles (185 km) from Long Island City to Montauk.

In LIRR maps and schedules for public use, the term Montauk Branch is used only for the train service stopping at stations at Babylon and eastwards, some of which actually use the Main Line and Central Branch to and from Jamaica during peak hours. Service along the physical Montauk Branch between Jamaica and Babylon is covered by the separate Babylon Branch service.  The line west of Jamaica is currently unused for passenger service.
31st Battalion (Alberta), CEF
The 31st Battalion (Alberta), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The battalion recruited in Alberta and was mobilized at Calgary. The battalion was authorized in November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 17 May 1915. On 18 September 1915 it disembarked in France, where it fought with the 6th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded in August 1920.

Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line
The Drocourt-Quéant Line ([dʁɔ.kuʁ ke.ɑ̃]; German: Wotan Stellung) was a set of mutually supporting defensive lines constructed by Germany between the French towns of Drocourt and Quéant during World War I. This defensive system was part of the northernmost section of the Hindenburg Line, a vast German defensive system that ran through northeastern France.

It was attacked and captured by Canadian and British troops in the closing months of the war as part of Canada's Hundred Days of successful offensive campaigning that helped end the war.
Slovenian Armed Forces
The Slovenian Armed Forces or Slovenian Army (SAF; Slovene: Slovenska vojska; [SV]) are the armed forces of Slovenia. Since 2003, it is organized as a fully professional standing army. The Commander-in-Chief of the SAF is the President of the Republic of Slovenia, while operational command is in the domain of the Chief of the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces.

Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat
The Super Dvora Mark II-class patrol boats is a high-speed class of patrol boats meant for a variety of naval missions from typical off-shore coastal patrol mission profiles to high-speed, high-maneuver littoral warfare. Built by Israel Aerospace Industries for the Israeli Sea Corps, the Super Dvora Mark II is the successor to the Dvora-class fast patrol boats. The Super Dvora Mark IIs have been employed by the Sri Lanka Navy to counter LTTE operations at sea.
Night Riviera
The Night Riviera (Cornish: Koskador Ruvyer an Nos) is a sleeper train operated by Great Western Railway (GWR). It is one of only two sleeper services on the railway in the United Kingdom (the other being the 
Caledonian Sleeper services between London and Scotland). The Night Riviera runs six nights a week (Sunday–Friday) between London Paddington and Penzance with one train in each direction.

British Rail Mark 2
The Mark 2 family of railway carriages are British Rail's second design of carriages. They were built by British Rail workshops (from 1969 British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL)) between 1964 and 1975 and were of steel construction.
Real Audiencia of Manila
The Real Audiencia of Manila (Spanish: Real Audiencia de Manila) was the Real Audiencia of the Spanish East Indies, which included modern-day Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Micronesia and the Philippines. Similar to Real Audiencias throughout the Spanish Empire, it was the highest tribunal within the territories of the Captaincy General of the Philippines, a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

The Governor-General of the Philippines was appointed as its highest judge, although on many occasions his absence forced other members to rule the tribunal and assume temporary civilian and military powers.

Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera Mendoza y Corcuera (Bergüenda, Álava, March 25, 1587 –  Tenerife, Canarias, August 12, 1660) was a Spanish soldier and imperial official. From 1632 to 1634, he was governor of Panama. From June 25, 1635 to August 11, 1644 he was governor of the Philippines. And from 1659 to his death in 1660 he was governor of the Canary Islands. He is remembered as one of the two greatest Spanish military leaders in the Philippines.
Pristimantis mutabilis
Pristimantis mutabilis, also known as the mutable rainfrog or "punk rock" rainfrog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Ecuadoran Andes of Pichincha and Imbabura provinces. Pristimantis mutabilis is the first known amphibian species that is able to change skin texture from tuberculate to almost smooth in a few minutes, an extreme example of phenotypic plasticity. The specific epithet mutabilis (changeable) refers to this ability. The physiological mechanism behind the skin texture change remains unknown.

Pristimantis
Pristimantis is a very speciose genus of frogs distributed in the southern Caribbean islands (Lesser Antilles) and in Central and South America from Honduras to northern Argentina and southern Brazil. With 626 described species (as of February 2026), the genus has more species than any other vertebrate genus. Many of these species are endemic to the Northwestern Andean montane forests ecoregion in north-western South America.
Archdiocese of Naxos, Tinos, Andros and Mykonos
The Archdiocese of Naxos, Tinos, Andros, and Mykonos (Latin: Archidioecesis Naxiensis, Andrensis, Tinensis, et Myconensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic church in insular Greece.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, in the village of Xinara, on Tinos, but is also has a Co-Cathedral of the Presentation of the Lord, in Naxos town.

The ecclesiastical territory comprises most of the Aegean islands in Greece, including, but not limited to Naxos, Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

Josif Printezis was appointed bishop in January 2021, and will be consecrated and installed in March.

Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.
Nelly Mukazayire
Nelly Mukazayire (born 1982) is a Rwandan economist and public administrator, who served as the chief executive officer of the Rwanda Convention Bureau, a division of the Rwanda Development Board. she has been promoted to the post of  the Deputy CEO of RDB in March 2023  where she was the deputy to Francis Gatare, the CEO of RDB. In September 2024 she was promoted to be the permanent secretary in the ministry of sports in the Rwandan government. In December 2024 she has been promoted as the minister of sports, where she has a mandate to implement the sports policy.

Before that, she served as the deputy chief of staff in the office of the president of Rwanda and as a senior adviser to the chief of staff in the office of the president. Before she came to the president's office, she served as a policy researcher in the economics department in the prime minister's office.

Cabinet of Rwanda
The Cabinet of Rwanda consists of the Prime Minister, Ministers, Ministers of State and other members nominated by the President. Members of Cabinet are selected from political organisations based on the number of seats they hold in the Chamber of Deputies, but members of Cabinet cannot themselves belong to the Chamber.
1980 United States Senate election in Washington
The 1980 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 4, 1980. Longtime incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Warren Magnuson, the Senate President pro tempore, ran for a seventh term in office but lost re-election to Republican State Attorney General Slade Gorton. Magnuson was the most senior U.S. senator to lose re-election until Ted Stevens' defeat in 2008. Gorton was one of the dozen Republicans who beat Democrats to seize control of the Senate fueled by Ronald Reagan's landslide victory. This was the only time since 1926 that Republicans won Washington's Class 3 Senate seat and after losing re-election to this seat in 1986, Gorton later won Washington's other Senate seat in 1988 and 1994 before losing re-election again in 2000. This was the first time since 1926 that Republicans won the Class 3 Senate seat in Washington.

2000 United States Senate election in Washington
The 2000 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 7, 2000. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Slade Gorton was seeking reelection to a third consecutive term, and a fourth overall, but he was unseated for a second time by a very narrow margin (the first time being in 1986) by former Congresswoman Maria Cantwell. The race was the most expensive contest in the state's history at the time.

By a margin of 0.09%, this election was the closest race of the 2000 Senate election cycle. Cantwell's victory was credited to her strength in the Puget Sound suburbs of Seattle, where she performed well. The campaign proved an expensive affair, with Cantwell spending almost $10 million of her own money she made at RealNetworks on her campaign.

Maria Cantwell's inauguration on January 3, 2001 marked the first time since 1981 that Democrats held both Senate seats from Washington. This is the last time a U.S. senator from Washington lost re-election.
Sarah Jibril
Sarah Nnadzwa Jibril (born 1945) is a Nigerian politician, psychologist, social reform proponent, and philanthropist. She is known for serving as the special adviser to President Goodluck Jonathan on ethics and moral values and for her advocacy of the emancipation and empowerment of Nigerian women and children. Jibril is Nigeria's first female presidential candidate both at the primaries and main elections, having run for president on four occasions.

Nigerian Army Officers' Wives Association
The Nigerian Army Officers’ Wives Association (NAOWA) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization with the objectives of assisting the poor and the needy and raising the standard of living in the barracks of the nation. Since its establishment over four decades ago, NAOWA has been in the vanguard of the provision of community health centres to complement the health care delivery services and carefully designed welfare programmes that are targeted at women, youths, children and the less privileged in Nigeria. The organisation has been described as "the most powerful women's organisation in the country".
Roderich Mojsisovics von Mojsvar
Roderich Mojsisovics von Mojsvár (Graz, 10 May 1877 – Bruck an der Mur, 30 March 1953) (also referred to as Roderick Mojsisovics, Roderich Edler von Mojsvár Mojsisovics, Roderich von Mojsisovics-Mojsvár and Roderich Edmund Ladislaus Anton Julius Mojsisovics von Mojsvár) was an Austrian composer based in Graz, head of the Schule des Musikvereins für Steiermark there.

During his leadership, the Schule des Musikvereins für Steiermark was transformed in 1920 into a Conservatory. In 1939 the Conservatory was divided into two parts, now called the Kunst Universität Graz  and the Johann-Joseph-Fux Konservatorium Graz.

His works would be termed late Romantic and show the influence of Max Reger.
During his lifetime his works failed to gain wide popularity. As a teacher Mojsisiovics had an influence on Otto Siegl, Hans Holenia, Max Schönherr, Alois Pachernegg Waldemar Bloch, Alfons Vodosek and Grete von Zieritz.

Waldemar Bloch
Waldemar Bloch (1906–1984) was an Austrian composer.

He wrote several operas, including Stella, Das Käthchen von Heilbronn and Der Diener zweier Herren, as well as choral and instrumental works. His 1968 oratorio Passio Domini was particularly well received.

In 1957 Bloch was awarded the Outstanding Artist Award for Music by the Austrian Chancellery.
Biscayne (ethnonym)
Until the early 19th century the word Biscayne (= Biscayan) was a demonym and ethnonym referring somewhat ambiguously to the Basque Country (usually excluding Navarre), or more often the Basque people in general. For example, Saint Francis Xavier identified himself as a "Biscayne" — or vizcaino, as he wrote it – meaning a Basque from Vizcaya. Whaling crews from Labourd in the North Atlantic are also referred to as Biscaynes in the 16–18th century.

The word Biscayne left an imprint in different place names and surnames (last names) of the Americas and the Philippines, related to the Basque whale hunting and colonisation of the "New World". By the time of the 1833 territorial division of Spain, the concept had shifted gradually to mean anything related to the Basque province of Biscay in Spain.

Ethnonym
An ethnonym (from Ancient Greek  ἔθνος (éthnos) 'nation' and  ὄνομα (ónoma) 'name') is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used by the ethnic group itself).

For example, the dominant ethnic group of Germany is the Germans. The ethnonym Germans is a Latin-derived exonym used in the English language, but the Germans call themselves Deutsche, an endonym. The German people are identified by a variety of exonyms across Europe, such as Allemands (French), tedeschi (Italian), tyskar (Swedish), and Niemcy (Polish).

As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics.

Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, which designate all the people of a geographic territory, regardless of ethnic or linguistic divisions within its population.
Expression quantitative trait loci
An expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) is a type of quantitative trait locus (QTL), a genomic locus (region of DNA) that is associated with phenotypic variation for a specific, quantifiable trait. While the term QTL can refer to a wide range of phenotypic traits, the more specific eQTL refers to traits measured by gene expression, such as mRNA levels. Although named "expression QTLs", not all measures of gene expression can be used for eQTLs. For example, traits quantified by protein levels are instead referred to as protein QTLs (pQTLs).

Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.  For example, having eye color is a character of an organism,   while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits.  The term trait is generally used in genetics, often to describe the phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population, such as the famous purple vs. white flower coloration in Gregor Mendel's pea plants.  By contrast, in systematics, the term  character state is employed to describe features that represent fixed diagnostic differences among taxa, such as the absence of tails in great apes, relative to other primate groups.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 126
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 126 (P. Oxy. 126 or P. Oxy. I 126) is a notice to a revenue officer, written in Greek and discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. The document was written on 10 May 572. Currently it is housed in the Egyptian Museum (10085) in Cairo.

Egyptian Museum
The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, commonly known as the Egyptian Museum (Egyptian Arabic: المتحف المصرى, romanized: al-Matḥaf al-Miṣrī, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elˈmætħæf elˈmɑsˤɾi]) and also called the Cairo Museum or the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (EMC), is a national history museum in Cairo, Egypt.

An Egyptological museum, it houses the largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in the world, including over 170,000 items. The Egyptian Museum occupies a building constructed in 1901 on Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt, and is one of the largest museums in Africa as well as the first national museum of the Middle East.
POPKI Sports Hall
POPKI Sports Hall (Indonesian: Gelanggang Olahraga POPKI) or commonly known as is GOR POPKI a multifunction sports arena in Cibubur, Ciracas, East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. This arena can be used for basketball, badminton, volleyball, futsal, and taekwondo venues.

Cibubur
Cibubur is one of the five administrative villages (kelurahan) in Ciracas district  (kecamatan) in East Jakarta, Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia.  Cibubur is located in a strategic location, situated in between Jalan Raya Bogor and the Jonggol area. Cibubur is the site of an SOS Children's Village.