hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1928 NFL season
The 1928 NFL season was the ninth regular season of the National Football League. The league dropped to 10 teams as the Cleveland Bulldogs and the Duluth Eskimos both folded before the season, while the Rochester Jeffersons, after missing two seasons of play, also folded, and the Buffalo Bisons also had a year out from the league. The Detroit Wolverines were added as an expansion team.

The Providence Steam Rollers were named the NFL champions after finishing the season with the best record.

Providence Steam Roller
The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League (NFL) from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship. The Steam Roller won the league's championship in 1928, which is the latest NFL championship win by a defunct team to date. Most of their home games were played at the Cycledrome, a 10,000-seat stadium that was built as a velodrome for bicycle races.
Vote for the Worst
VoteForTheWorst.com (VFTW) was a website devoted to voting for the worst, most entertaining, most hated or quirkiest contestants on the Fox Network television series American Idol as well as the NBC Network television series The Voice. Smaller campaigns have also been started on the site for CTV's Canadian Idol, Fox's On the Lot and The Next Great American Band, NBC's America's Got Talent, and ABC's Dancing with the Stars. The website was started in 2004 during the third season of American Idol. Vote for the Worst also had a weekly radio show that featured guests such as Ayla Brown, Trenyce, Leslie Hunt, Steffi DiDomenicantonio, Alex Wagner-Trugman and Todrick Hall. The site closed down in June 2013.

American Idol season 5
The fifth season of American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Paula Abdul, Simon Cowell, and Randy Jackson returned as judges, while Ryan Seacrest returned as host. Taylor Hicks was named the winner, while Katharine McPhee was the runner-up. 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) got record deals – nine of them with major labels.
Listed buildings in Whitmore, Staffordshire
Whitmore is a civil parish in the district of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 28 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Whitmore and the surrounding area.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages, farmhouses, and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include two churches, memorials in a churchyard, a country house with associated structures, the ruins of a former manor house, and five mileposts.

Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England.

It is named after the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Kidsgrove and several villages and surrounding rural areas lying generally to the west of Newcastle itself. Most of the borough's built-up areas form part of The Potteries Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Staffordshire Moorlands, Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Shropshire and Cheshire East.
Dease Lake (British Columbia)
Dease Lake is a lake in the Stikine Plateau of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located at the head of the Dease River, which flows north then northeast from the lake to join the Liard River.  The community of Dease Lake, British Columbia, formerly Dease Lake Post, is located at the south end of the lake, straddling a low pass which leads into the basin from the Tanzilla River, a tributary of the Stikine.  The area around the lake was the focus of the Cassiar Gold Rush and numerous ghost towns and former settlement sites are scattered around its shores, including Laketon and Centre City. Dease Lake is the burial site and has a monument to English travelogue writer Warburton Pike.

Cassiar Country
The Cassiar Country, also referred to simply as the Cassiar, is a historical geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The Cassiar is located in the northwest portion of British Columbia, just to the northeast of the Stikine Country, while to the south is the Omineca Country. The area is noted for the Cassiar gold rush of the 1870s, when Laketon became its unofficial capital. The ghost town of Cassiar is also located in the Cassiar region.
Amelanchier pallida
Amelanchier pallida, the pale serviceberry or western serviceberry, is a species of Amelanchier native to the US states of California and Arizona. They are shrubs or small trees reaching 10 ft (3 m), with attractive blue-green foliage. They typically grow in mountains up to 11,000 ft (3,400 m) above sea level, generally alongside streams. Native Americans used to dry the berries for winter provisions, and they can be made into a jam.

Amelanchier
Amelanchier (/æməˈlænʃɪər/ am-ə-LAN-sheer), also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry (or just sarvis), juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum, wild-plum or chuckley pear, is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the rose family (Rosaceae).

Amelanchier is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, growing primarily in early successional habitats. It is most diverse taxonomically in North America, especially in the northeastern United States and adjacent southeastern Canada, and at least one species is native to every U.S. state except Hawaii and to every Canadian province and territory. Four species also occur in Asia, and two in Europe.

A pome fruit, the berries are commonly consumed by wildlife and picked by humans for uses in baked goods. The Canadian city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan is named after a Cree term for the berry.
Princess Maria Immacolata of the Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies (Full Italian name: Maria Immacolata Clementina, Principessa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie) (14 April 1844, Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – 18 February 1899, Vienna, Austria) was the fifth child and second-eldest daughter of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Theresa of Austria. Through her marriage to Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria, Maria Immaculata became an Austrian archduchess.

Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand II (Italian: Ferdinando Carlo Maria; Sicilian: Ferdinannu Carlu Maria; Neapolitan: Ferdinando Carlo Maria; 12 January 1810 –  22 May 1859) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859.
James E. Ramsey
James Edward Ramsey (October 19, 1931 – May 2, 2013) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Person County, North Carolina, Ramsey served in the United States Marine Corps. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his law degree from University of North Carolina Law School. He practiced law. Ramsey served in the North Carolina House of Representatives, as a Democrat, and served as speaker in his final term (1973-1974). He ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982 but was defeated in the Democratic primary by Mickey Michaux and Tim Valentine, who advanced to a runoff. Michaux was African-American, while Valentine and Ramsey were both white.

Ramsey was inducted into the Order of the Long Leaf Pine in 2012 and died the next year at age 81, in Roxboro, North Carolina.

Mickey Michaux
Henry McKinley "Mickey" Michaux Jr. (born September 4, 1930) is an American civil rights activist and Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly. He represented the state's thirty-first House district from 1983 to 2019 and previously served from 1973 through 1977. The district included constituents in Durham County. Upon his retirement, Michaux was the longest-serving member of the North Carolina General Assembly. In the 2007-2008 session, Michaux served as senior chairman of the House Appropriations Committee and chairman of the House Select Committee on Street Gang Prevention.

In 2020, at age 89, Michaux was appointed to fill a seat in the North Carolina Senate temporarily, following the resignation of Sen. Floyd McKissick, Jr.
Tunable metamaterial
A tunable metamaterial is a metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave. This includes remotely controlling how an incident electromagnetic wave (EM wave) interacts with a metamaterial.  This translates into the capability to determine whether the EM wave is  transmitted, reflected, or absorbed. In general, the lattice structure of the tunable metamaterial is adjustable in real time, making it possible to reconfigure a metamaterial device during operation. It encompasses  developments beyond the bandwidth limitations in left-handed materials by constructing various types of metamaterials. The ongoing research in this domain includes electromagnetic band gap metamaterials (EBG), also known as photonic band gap (PBG), and negative refractive index material (NIM).

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Titermax
Titermax is a mixture of compounds used in antibody generation and vaccination to stimulate the immune system to recognise an antigen given together with the mixture. Titermax is a developed immune adjuvant.

It is a water-in-oil emulsion and consists of squalene, an emulsifier (sorbitan monooleate 80), a patented block copolymer and microparticulate silica (Stills 2005). Toxicity seems to be lower than other water in oil adjuvant such as Freund's adjuvant. The efficacy to elicit an immune response against antigens of low immunogenicity is however subject to debate.

Freund's adjuvant
Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete form, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA or CFA) is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usually M. tuberculosis), whereas the incomplete form (FIA or IFA) lacks the mycobacterial components (hence just the water in oil emulsion). It is named after Jules T. Freund.
Alniphyllum eberhardtii
Alniphyllum eberhardtii is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae. It is found in southernmost China (southern Guangxi and southeast Yunnan), Thailand, and Vietnam.

It is a deciduous tree growing to 30 m tall. The leaves are alternate, simple, 10–18 cm long and 5–8 cm broad, oblong-lanceolate, with a serrated margin.

Styracaceae
The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The family is characterised by spirally arranged simple leaves with no stipules; symmetrical white flowers with a corolla of two to five (sometimes seven) fused petals; and the fruit usually is a dry capsule, sometimes winged, less often a fleshy drupe, with one or two seeds.

Most are large shrubs to small trees 3–15 m tall, but Halesia monticola (H. carolina var. monticola) is larger, with trees 39 m tall known in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina.
Huangshatang High Bridge
22°58′47″N 114°37′49″E﻿ / ﻿22.9796°N 114.6304°E﻿ / 22.9796; 114.6304

Huangshatang High Bridge is a stone bridge located at Tantang Village, Baihua Town, Huidong County, Guangdong. According to Wu Xuhui, the president of Huidong County Museum, the bridge was built in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It was the only bridge on the Tangli River, dovetail boats with spars of 4 – 5 meters could pass under the bridge. But as the effects of riverbed deposition, now parts of its piers are underwater.

The bridge is east–west direction, and was built purely by granitic rocks. The deck has a length of 21.57 meters, and is 3.8 meters above the river, only one person can pass through it at a time. The pier has a shape like the letter "A", and was composed   with four 0.17×0.24m long stone pillars.

Huidong County, Guangdong
Huidong County (simplified Chinese: 惠东县; traditional Chinese: 惠東縣; pinyin: Huìdōng Xiàn; Jyutping: wai6 dung1 jyun6) is a county of southeastern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China, with some South China Sea coast in the south of the county. It is under the administration of Huizhou City.
828 Naval Air Squadron
828 Naval Air Squadron (828 NAS), also known as 828 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It last operated with Grumman Avenger and served on a number of the Navy's aircraft carriers during the Second World War. It also used Fairey Swordfish, Fairey Albacore and Fairey Barracuda, before decommissioning after the end of the war.

Formed in September 1940 as a torpedo spotter reconnaissance squadron.  It operated in a number of the theatres of the Second World War, carrying out a number of attacks on enemy targets including the German battleship Tirpitz in Norway.

HMS Trumpeter (D09)
USS Bastian (CVE-37) (originally AVG-37 and then ACV-37) was a Bogue-class escort aircraft carrier built by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding of Tacoma, Washington, laid down on 25 August 1942 and launched 15 December 1942. She was transferred to the United Kingdom, under Lend-Lease and commissioned on 4 August 1943 as the Ruler-class escort carrier HMS Trumpeter (D09).

On 4 May 1945 aircraft of 846 Naval Air Squadron flew from Trumpeter to take part in Operation Judgement, an attack on the U-boat depot at Kilbotn, Norway, contributing eight Grumman Avengers and four Grumman Wildcats to a 44-aircraft attack that destroyed several vessels including the depot ship "Black Watch" and U-711.

Trumpeter was returned to United States' custody 6 April 1946, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 19 June 1946 and sold into merchant service as Alblasserdijk (later renamed Irene Valmas). She was sold for scrap in Spain in 1971.
Parthenocarpy
In botany and horticulture, parthenocarpy is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilisation of ovules, which makes the fruit seedless. The phenomenon has been observed since ancient times but was first scientifically described by German botanist Fritz Noll in 1902.

Parthenocarpy (or stenospermocarpy) occasionally occurs as a mutation in nature; if it affects every flower, the plant can no longer sexually reproduce but might be able to propagate by apomixis or by vegetative means. Examples of this include many citrus varieties that undergo nucellar embryony for reproduction, instead of solely sexual reproduction, and can yield seedless fruits.

Stenospermocarpy may also produce apparently seedless fruit, such as "seedless watermelon", but the seeds in stenospermocarpy are actually aborted while they are still small.

Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integument, forming its outer layer, the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its center. The female gametophyte — specifically termed a megagametophyte — is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule. On the basis of the relative position of micropyle, body of the ovule, chalaza and funicle, there are six types of ovules.
East Mouse
East Mouse (Welsh: Ynys Amlwch) is an islet found off the north coast of Anglesey, Wales. It is found just a few hundred metres away from the town of Amlwch. For this reason the island is known in Welsh as Ynys Amlwch, Amlwch Island. The islet is tiny (a maximum 141 metres long by 61 metres wide) with a maximum area of only 1.5 acres (6,100 m2), and void of any significant flora and fauna. The islet is one of three similarly named islands off the north coast of Anglesey, the other two being West Mouse (Maen y Bugail) and Middle Mouse (Ynys Badrig). The island is the site of the wreck of the SS Dakota, which was built in 1874, striking the island and sinking on 9 May 1877. The 4,332-ton ship was broken into three pieces but all 218 souls on board were saved.

Amlwch
Amlwch (Welsh: [ˈamlʊχ]) is a port town and community in Wales. It is situated on the north coast of the Isle of Anglesey, on the A5025 which connects it to Holyhead and to Menai Bridge. As well as Amlwch town and Amlwch Port, other settlements within the community include Burwen, Bull Bay (Porthllechog) and Pentrefelin. The town has a beach in Llaneilian, and it has significant coastal cliffs. Tourism is an important element of the local economy. At one time it was a booming mining town that became the centre of a vast global trade in copper ore. The harbour inlet became a busy port and significant shipbuilding and ship repair centre, as well as an embarkation point with boats sailing to the Isle of Man and to Liverpool. The community covers an area of about 15 square kilometres.
2001 ASB Classic
The 2001 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, and was part of Tier V of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was held from 1 January until 6 January 2001. Unseeded Meilen Tu won the singles title and earned $16,000 first-prize money.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
2022 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
The 2022 Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne was the 74th edition of the Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne cycling classic. It was held on 27 February 2022 as a category 1.Pro race on the 2022 UCI ProSeries. The race was 195.1 km (121.2 mi) long, starting and finishing in Kuurne, and featured several cobbled sections and climbs. The race formed the latter half of the opening weekend of the Belgian road cycling season with UCI WorldTour race Omloop Het Nieuwsblad held the previous day.

Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne is an annual single-day road cycling race in Belgium. It is held one day after Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, on the last Sunday of February or the first of March, and completes the opening weekend of the Belgian cycling season. It was ranked a 1.HC event of the UCI Europe Tour before joining the UCI ProSeries in 2020. Tom Boonen holds the most wins with three victories.
Nashville season 4
The fourth season of the American television musical drama series Nashville, created by Callie Khouri, premiered on September 23, 2015, on ABC and concluded on May 25, 2016. The show features an ensemble cast with Connie Britton and Hayden Panettiere in the leading roles as two country music superstars, Rayna Jaymes and Juliette Barnes. The season consisted of 21 episodes and was the last season to air on ABC before the series moved to CMT.

As with season three, the episodes are named after songs from a variety of country artists, including Lucinda Williams ("Can't Let Go"), Conway Twitty ("'Til The Pain Outwears The Shame"), Waylon Jennings ("Stop the World (And Let Me Off)"), Patty Loveless ("How Can I Help You Say Goodbye"), Reba McEntire ("How Does It Feel To Be Free") and LeAnn Rimes ("What I Cannot Change").

Juliette Barnes
Juliette Jolene Barnes-Barkley is a fictional character and one of the two leads in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville. Juliette is portrayed by actress Hayden Panettiere since the pilot episode, which aired on October 10, 2012. Juliette was a teenage country sensation and is now making more mature music. She tries to take the throne, as Queen of Country music, from rival Rayna Jaymes. Panettiere has received critical acclaim for her performance as Juliette including nominations for two Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television Series Drama in 2013 and 2014, a Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2012 and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2016.
Deutscher Genossenschafts- und Raiffeisenverband
The Deutsche Genossenschafts- und Raiffeisenverband e.V. (DGRV) is the Co-operative federation for German Co-operatives.

Since 1972, the federation has been based in Berlin. Berlin. It came out from the union of the two co-operative central associations at that time of Deutscher Raiffeisenverband and the Deutscher Genossenschaftsverband e.V. and is responsible for promoting co-operative ideals.

Cooperative federation
A cooperative federation or secondary cooperative is a cooperative in which all members are, in turn, cooperatives.
Historically, cooperative federations have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperatives can fulfill the sixth Cooperative Principle, cooperation among cooperatives. The International Cooperative Alliance notes that “Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”
1921 International League season
The 1921 International League was a Class AA baseball season played between April 20 and September 25. Eight teams played a 168-game schedule, with the first place team winning the pennant.

The Baltimore Orioles won the International League pennant, finishing in first place, twenty games ahead of the second place Rochester Colts.

Baltimore Orioles (minor league)
The city of Baltimore, Maryland, has been home to two Minor League Baseball teams called the Baltimore Orioles, in addition to the three Major League Baseball teams that have used the name (the first of which played in the American Association in 1882 to 1891, then joined the National League from 1892 to 1899, the second being the American League charter franchise which played for two seasons in 1901 and 1902, and the modern AL team since April 1954.)
Marguerite Kuczynski
Marguerite Kuczynski (born Marguerite Steinfeld:  5 December 1904 – 15 January 1998) was a European economist and literary scholar.   She was born and died in Germany. Some of her most productive and (especially for English-language readers) best documented years were spent in England, where she also achieved some notability as a feminist campaigner.

François Quesnay
François Quesnay (/keɪˈneɪ/; French: [fʁɑ̃swa kɛnɛ]; 4 June 1694 – 16 December 1774) was a French economist and physician of the Physiocratic school. He is known for publishing the "Tableau économique" (Economic Table) in 1758, which provided the foundations of the ideas of the Physiocrats. This was perhaps the first work attempting to describe the workings of the economy in an analytical way, and as such can be viewed as one of the first important contributions to economic thought. His Le Despotisme de la Chine, written in 1767, describes Chinese politics and society, and his own political support for enlightened despotism.