hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrow (computer science)
In computer science, arrows or bolts are a type class used in computer programming to describe computations in a pure and declarative fashion. First proposed by computer scientist John Hughes as a generalization of monads, arrows provide a referentially transparent way to express relationships between logical steps in a computation. Unlike monads, arrows don't limit steps to having one and only one input. As a result, they have found use in functional reactive programming, tacit programming (point-free style), parsers, and in other uses.

Type class
In computer science, a type class is a type system construct that supports ad hoc polymorphism in a programming language. This is achieved by adding constraints to type variables in parametrically polymorphic types. Such a constraint typically involves a type class T and a type variable a, and means that a can only be instantiated to a type whose members support the overloaded operations associated with T.

Type classes were first implemented in the language Haskell after first being proposed by Philip Wadler and Stephen Blott as an extension to eqtypes in Standard ML, and were originally conceived as a way of implementing overloaded arithmetic and equality operators in a principled fashion.
In contrast with the "eqtypes" of Standard ML, overloading the equality operator through the use of type classes in Haskell does not need extensive modification of the compiler frontend or the underlying type system.
Rashidabad, East Azerbaijan
Rashidabad (Persian: رشيداباد, also Romanized as Rashīdābād; also known as Eleshtava and Yeleshtava) is a small village in Kaghazkonan-e Shomali Rural District, Kaghazkonan District, Meyaneh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 36 families.

Rashid al-Din Hamadani
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (Persian: رشیدالدین طبیب;‎ 1247–1318; also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, Persian: رشیدالدین فضل‌الله همدانی) was a statesman, historian, and physician in Ilkhanate Iran.

Having converted to Islam from Judaism by the age of 30 in 1277, Rashid al-Din became the powerful vizier of Ilkhan Ghazan. He was commissioned by Ghazan to write the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh, now considered the most important single source for the history of the Ilkhanate period and the Mongol Empire. He retained his position as a vizier until 1316.

After being charged with poisoning the Ilkhanid king Öljaitü, he was executed in 1318.

Historian Morris Rossabi calls Rashid al-Din "arguably the most distinguished figure in Persia during Mongolian rule".  He was a prolific author and established the Rab'-e Rashidi academic foundation in Tabriz.
Junne
Junne is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is a part of the municipality of Ommen, and lies about 22 km northwest of Almelo.

The Vecht river is navigable straight from Zwolle until the weir at Junne. On the banks of the Vecht are some small nature reserves, which have a unique ecosystem of river dunes and grasslands and are now managed by the National Forest Service.

Almelo
Almelo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑlməloː] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. The main population centres are Almelo itself and the villages of Aadorp, Mariaparochie, and Bornerbroek. Almelo has about 75,000 inhabitants in the middle of the rolling countryside of Twente, with the industrial centres of Enschede and Hengelo as close neighbours but also with tourist towns like Ootmarsum, Delden and Markelo only a bicycle ride away.

Almelo received city rights in 1394. Within the city limits lies the castle of the Counts of Almelo. Located in the city centre is Huize Almelo, a castle that in its current form dates back to 1662 but is not open to the public.

The city is also known for its local association football club Heracles Almelo, which plays in the Eredivisie, the highest football league in the Netherlands, and uses the Erve Asito stadium. Some of the Almelo population speak the Tweants dialect.
Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
The Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust responsible for the management of the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, Berkshire, as well as the Prince Charles Eye Unit and the Dialysis Unit, both in Windsor; Bracknell Healthspace, Townlands Hospital in Henley-on-Thames, and West Berkshire Community Hospital, which is between Newbury and Thatcham.

NHS foundation trust
NHS foundation trusts are semi-autonomous organisational units within the National Health Service (NHS) in England. They operate with a degree of independence from the Department of Health and Social Care, and—prior to the abolition of strategic health authorities (SHAs) in 2013—from their respective SHA. Foundation trusts were established to decentralise decision-making and improve responsiveness to local needs. As of March 2019, there were 151 foundation trusts in operation.
1995 GP Ouest-France
The 1995 GP Ouest-France was the 59th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 27 August 1995. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Rolf Järmann of the MG Maglificio team.

Bretagne Classic
The Bretagne Classic, also called Bretagne Classic CIC, is an elite cycling classic held annually in late summer around the Breton village of Plouay in western France.

The race was originally named Grand-Prix de Plouay and, from 1989 to 2015, GP Ouest-France. It was included in the inaugural UCI ProTour in 2005 and in 2011 in its successor, the UCI World Tour. Since 2016 it is called Bretagne Classic Ouest-France.

Since 2002, a women's event, the Classic Lorient Agglomération is organized on Saturday, the day before the men's race. Supporting events have grown over the years and now include BMX races, track racing and a mass-participation ride, as part of a four–day festival in the last summer weekend in Brittany.
Salt Creek (Little Wabash River tributary)
Salt Creek is a tributary of the Little Wabash River, which it joins near Edgewood, Illinois, near the boundary between Effingham and Clay counties. There are at least two other "Salt Creeks" in Illinois: Salt Creek (Des Plaines River tributary) and Salt Creek (Sangamon River tributary).

Salt Creek is about 18.5 miles (29.8 km) in length.

Salt Creek (Sangamon River tributary)
Salt Creek is a major tributary to the Sangamon River, which it joins at the boundary between Mason and Menard County, Illinois. There are at least two other Salt Creeks in Illinois, Salt Creek (Des Plaines River Tributary), and in Effingham County, Illinois.

Salt Creek is about 110 miles (180 km) in length. From its headwaters near Saybrook, Illinois, it runs generally westward to the main stem of the Sangamon near Greenview. The largest lake formed by Salt Creek is Clinton Lake near Clinton, which provides cooling water for the Clinton Nuclear Generating Station.  The lower reaches of Salt Creek at one time formed the boundary between Mason and Menard counties. This stretch has been channelized so that the modern route of the creek only approximates the actual county line.  The major tributaries of Salt Creek include Sugar Creek, Kickapoo Creek, and the North Fork of Salt Creek.
Crocus versicolor
Crocus versicolor is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae, found in southeast France, Monaco, and northwestern Italy.

The flower is white, lilac, and purple, often with external stripes.

In wild habitat, it is often found in stony and grassy places.

Flowering occurs from February to April, it is found growing in scrub environments and among rocks to an elevation of 1200 meters.

Its closest relatives are Crocus imperati and Crocus malyi.

Crocus malyi
Crocus malyi, the Maly crocus, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crocus of the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to the Velebit mountains of southwestern Croatia.

Growing to 10 cm (3.9 in), this cormous perennial produces white flowers with a yellow throat in early spring. In cultivation, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Pyrton
Pyrton /ˈpɜːrtən/ is a small village and large civil parish in Oxfordshire about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the small town of Watlington and 5 miles (8 km) south of Thame. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 227. The toponym is from the Old English meaning "pear-tree farm".

Thame
Thame /teɪm/ is a market town and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England, about 13 miles (21 km) east of the city of Oxford, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Aylesbury and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of London. It derives its name from the River Thame which flows along the north side of the town and forms part of the county border with Buckinghamshire. The parish includes the hamlet of Moreton south of the town. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 11,561.  Thame was founded in the Anglo-Saxon era and was in the kingdom of Wessex.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is a method of mass spectrometry in which an ion's mass-to-charge ratio is determined by a time of flight measurement. Ions are accelerated by an electric field of known strength. This acceleration results in an ion having the same kinetic energy as any other ion that has the same charge. The velocity of the ion depends on the mass-to-charge ratio (heavier ions of the same charge reach lower speeds, although ions with higher charge will also increase in velocity). The time that it subsequently takes for the ion to reach a detector at a known distance is measured. This time will depend on the velocity of the ion, and therefore is a measure of its mass-to-charge ratio. From this ratio and known experimental parameters, one can identify the ion.

Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant). Two sequences are inversely proportional if corresponding elements have a constant product.

Two functions  and  are proportional if their ratio  is a constant function.

If several pairs of variables share the same direct proportionality constant, the equation expressing the equality of these ratios is called a proportion, e.g., ⁠a/b⁠ = ⁠x/y⁠ = ⋯ = k (for details see Ratio).
Proportionality is closely related to linearity.
R33 (South Africa)
The R33 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Pietermaritzburg with Lephalale via Greytown, Paulpietersburg, Carolina, Belfast and Vaalwater. It is a very long road, passing through 3 provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal).

Provincial routes (South Africa)
Provincial routes (also referred to as major regional routes) are the second category of road in the South African route-numbering scheme. They are designated with the letter "R" followed by a number from 21 to 82, formerly with the letter "P" followed by a number from 66. They serve as feeders to the national routes and as trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

Designation as a provincial route does not necessarily imply that a road is maintained by the road authority in the provincial government; some parts of the provincial route network are maintained by the National Roads Agency (SANRAL), and parts in towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the municipal roads departments. Provincial routes vary in quality from gravel roads (for example the R31 between Askham and Hotazel) to freeways (for example the R59 between Vereeniging and Johannesburg).
Gorakhpur–Manduadih Intercity Express
The Gorakhpur–Banaras Intercity Express is an Intercity train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Gorakhpur Cantt. and Banaras railway station in India. It is currently being operated with 15103/15104 train numbers on a daily basis.

Intercity Express (Indian Railways)
The Intercity Express is an express-train service in India which connects major railway junctions and state capitals. These act as long-distance reserved and unreserved suburban trains with sitting accommodation (AC Chair Car - CC, AC Executive Chair Car EC, Anubhati class K, Vistadome EA and Non-Ac Second Sitting - 2S). These are quite fast and maintain a high average speed for short distances along with priority over other trains.
The Rolling Stones 1966 tours
The Rolling Stones had four concert tours in 1966. Ike & Tina Turner supported them on the UK leg in the fall. "I didn't know who the Stones were," Tina recalled. "They were just these white boys and Mick was the one who was always standing in the wings watching us. He was a little shy of me, but finally we started having fun and I tried to teach him some dances, because he'd just stand still onstage with the tambourine. He'd try things like the Pony or some hip movements backstage and we'd all just laugh." Tina later appeared solo with the Stones on their 1981 tour. In April, the band released the album Aftermath to critical success; they promoted it during their American tour in June and July.

The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981
The American Tour 1981 was a concert tour by English band the Rolling Stones, promoting their album Tattoo You (1981). The tour visited stadiums and arenas in the United States, and it became the largest grossing tour of 1981 with $50 million in ticket sales. Roughly 2.5 million concert goers attended the concerts, setting various ticket sales records. The 5 December show in New Orleans set an indoor concert attendance record which stood for 33 years.
Beijing Knot
Beijing Knot (北京结; Běijīng jié) is a branch point in the Great Wall of China located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of central Beijing in China and marks the most northwestern tower of Jiankou. At Beijing Knot the main body of the Great Wall from Shanhai Pass in the east splits up into two branches. One continues west towards Juyong Pass and further to Niangzi Pass and forms the inner wall. The other branches continues northwest towards Zhangjiakou and further west towards the Yellow River and forms the outer wall.

Niangzi Pass
Niangzi Pass (simplified Chinese: 娘子关; traditional Chinese: 娘子關; pinyin: Niángzǐ Guān), also called the Ladies' Pass, is a mountain pass west of Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province in North China. One of the major passages from Shanxi Province to Hebei Province across the Taihang Mountains, it is 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Shijiazhuang, at the point where the Shitai Railway (Shijiazhuang--Taiyuan, capital of Shanxi) crosses the border between the two provinces on its way to Taiyuan.
Smith Mountain (Taconic Mountains)
Smith Mountain, 2,170 feet (660 m), is a prominent peak in the Taconic Mountains of western Massachusetts, USA. The mountain is located in Pittsfield State Forest and is traversed by the 12.1 mi (19.5 km) multi-use Taconic Skyline Trail. The summit is known for its extensive stand of wild azalea and is wooded with northern hardwood tree species.

Most of Smith Mountain is located within Hancock with lower east slopes within Pittsfield. West Mountain, 1,950 feet (590 m), a spur of Smith Mountain, is located along the mountain's south ridgeline. The Taconic ridgeline continues north from Smith Mountain as Pine Mountain and Tower Mountain, and south as Doll Mountain. It is bordered by West Hill to the west across the Wyomanock Creek valley. The west side of the mountain drains into Wyomanock Creek, then into Kinderhook Creek, thence into the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. The east side drains into Smith Brook, thence to the Housatonic River and Long Island Sound.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).
Philadelphia Firebirds (IWFL)
The Philadelphia Firebirds are a women's football team in the Independent Women's Football League based in Philadelphia.  They are in the Eastern Conference, North Atlantic Division with the Boston Militia, New York Nemesis, and New York Sharks.  The team was formerly known as the Philadelphia Phoenix and formerly played in the National Women's Football Association.  Upon moving to the IWFL, they changed their name so as to avoid confusion with their fellow IWFL franchise, the Carolina Phoenix.

Philadelphia's first women's tackle football team was founded in 2001 as the Philadelphia Liberty Belles. The Belles won the inaugural NWFL Championship that year. In 2002, the Belles lost in the semi-final playoff round. Heading into the 2003 season, the team split and the Philadelphia Phoenix was formed. The two teams existed simultaneously until the Philadelphia Liberty Belles eventually folded. The Liberty Belles have since reformed for the 2009 season and have joined the new WFA.

Independent Women's Football League
The Independent Women's Football League (IWFL) was the first women's American football league established by women players for women players. The league was founded in 2000, began play in 2001, and played its last season in 2018.  Members of the original Austin Outlaws roster were the league's founders. Following the league's establishment as a separate entity from the team, former Outlaws players Laurie Frederick, Jaime Bailey, and Sandra Plato became the league's original IWFL executive council.

The players were amateur/semi-professional and had to cover part of their expenses.
Quattro compilations
Quattro is a series of video game compilations (each with four games) released in the 1990s. They consisted of games developed by Codemasters. The NES versions were released as multicarts and were published by Camerica without a license by Nintendo.

Fast Food (1989 video game)
Fast Food (sometimes referred to as Fast Food Dizzy) is the title of two slightly different maze video games in the vein of Pac-Man. Both feature Dizzy, who is an anthropomorphic egg designed by the British-born Oliver Twins. The game was originally released in April 1989 and published by Codemasters. It is the third title to feature Dizzy.

The 8-bit versions of the game were released for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and Amstrad CPC with mazes of abstract design. The 16-bit versions released for the Amiga, Atari ST and MS-DOS have environments that are identifiable as real-world locations such as gardens, harbours, and graveyards.
2003 Quetta mosque bombing
On 4 July 2003, 53 Hazara Shias were killed and at least 65 others were injured when a mosque was attacked during the Friday prayer in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. When hundreds of worshipers were offering Friday prayer, three armed men entered the Asna Ashari Hazara Imambargah and started shooting and throwing hand grenades and one suicide bomber blew himself up - which left 53 dead and scores injured. It was the latest of several major sectarian attack targetting the Hazaras in Quetta, coming less than a month after the massacre of Hazara police cadets on June 8, 2003.

Persecution of Hazaras in Quetta
Hazaras have experienced a series of ethnically or religiously motivated attacks in Quetta, Pakistan.

Terrorist organisations like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi or Lashkar-e-Taiba have often accepted responsibility for conducting attacks on Hazaras in Pakistan.

Hazaras have been living in Afghanistan before the partition of India since the 1880s. Almost all migrated from Afghanistan due to persecution and genocide by Abdur Rahman Khan and later in the 1990s due to ethnic cleansing by the Afghan Taliban. The Hazaras are easily identifiable because of their Turko-Mongol facial features and high cheek bones.
Zakimi Seichin
Zakimi Ueekata Seichin (座喜味 親方 盛珍; 23 March 1781–25 October 1837), also known by his Chinese style name Mō Shikkō (毛 執功), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Seichin was born to an aristocrat family, Mō-uji Zakimi Dunchi (毛氏座喜味殿内), and he was also the seventh head of this family. In 1807, he was granted Yuntanza magiri (読谷山間切, modern Yomitan) as his hereditary fief.

Seichin was dispatched as nentōshi (年頭使), a mission sent to Kagoshima each year to convey formal New Year's greetings to daimyō of Satsuma, in 1826. He served as a member of sanshikan from 1826 to 1836.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
Broccostella
Broccostella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Frosinone.

Broccostella borders the following municipalities: Arpino, Campoli Appennino, Fontechiari, Posta Fibreno, Sora.

Lady Gaga's maternal great-grandparents Vincenzo Ferri and Filomena Campagna (Veronica Rose Bissett's parents) were both born in this comune when its name still was only Brocco.

Arpino
Arpino (Southern Latian dialect: Arpinë) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Frosinone, in the Latin Valley, region of Lazio in central Italy, about 100 km SE of Rome. Its Roman name was Arpinum. The town produced two consuls of the Roman Republic: Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Cross Bay Link
The Cross Bay Link (Chinese: 將軍澳跨灣連接路) is a 1.8 km (1.1 mi) dual two-lane carriageway connecting the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate and LOHAS Park areas in Tseung Kwan O New Town, New Territories, Hong Kong with Tseung Kwan O-Lam Tin Tunnel.

The mainstay of the link is the 1.0 km (0.62 mi) Tseung Kwan O Cross Bay Bridge (Chinese: 將軍澳跨灣大橋), a marine viaduct spanning Junk Bay incorporating a 200 m (660 ft) double-arch steel bridge. It is the first marine crossing in Hong Kong that combines the functions of carriageway, footway and cycle track in one bridge. The rest of the link is the bridge's at-grade approach named Wan O Road (Chinese: 環澳路) south of LOHAS Park.

Junk Bay
Junk Bay, also known by its Chinese transliteration Tseung Kwan O or Cheung Kwan O (Chinese: 將軍澳); is a bay in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. In the northern tip of the bay lies the Tseung Kwan O Village.

The Tseung Kwan O New Town, one of the nine new towns in Hong Kong, was mainly built on reclaimed land in the northern half of the bay. The population as of 2011 is about 368,000.