hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tilatá Formation
The Tilatá Formation (Spanish: Formación Tilatá, N1t, Tpt) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates and sandstones. The Tilatá Formation dates to the Neogene period; Early to Late Pliocene epoch (Montehermosan to Uquian in the SALMA classification, from approximately 5.3 to 2.7 Ma), and has a maximum thickness of 83 metres (272 ft). The formation underlies the Quaternary sequence of alluvial, lacustrine and fluvial sediments of Lake Humboldt.

Montehermosan
The Montehermosan age is a period of geologic time (6.8–4.0 Ma) within the Miocene and Pliocene epochs of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Huayquerian and precedes the Chapadmalalan age.
Högvaktsterrassen
Högvaktsterrassen (Swedish: [ˈhø̂ːɡvaktstɛˌrasːɛn], "Main Guard Terrace") is a street in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden passing west of Yttre Borgården, the outer court of the Stockholm Palace.

The street stretches north from the Stockholm Cathedral at Storkyrkobrinken and ends in a terrace offering a panoramic view of the Riksdag Building, the square Mynttorget and the northern ramp of the palace, Lejonbacken. It is delimited to the east by the two curved western wings of the Royal Palace, and to the west by a state-owned annex composed by the Oxenstierna Palace and Beijer House and serving as offices and the workrooms of the court.

Lejonbacken
Lejonbacken (Swedish: "Lion Slope") is a system of ramps leading up to the northern entrance of the Royal Palace in Stockholm, Sweden. They were built during the 1780s named after the pair of sculpted Medici lions prominently exposed on the stone railings of the ramps.
Samsung SGH-P520 Giorgio Armani
The Samsung SGH-P520 is a smartphone created by Samsung Electronics, announced on September 24, 2007, at a Giorgio Armani fashion show in Milan in a partnership between the two companies.

It is the successor to the Samsung P310 (and the P300 before that), classified by Samsung as a "credit card-phone". Originally retailing at 750 euros ($1100), it has a 2.6-inch touchscreen with haptic feedback similar to that of the LG Viewty and a 3-megapixel camera. It uses Samsung's "Croix" user interface.

The Samsung Giorgio Armani's design would heavily influence the Samsung Tocco handset in 2008.

LG Viewty
The LG KU990 or LG KE990 (known and marketed as the LG Viewty) is a 3.5G touchscreen smartphone by LG Electronics, announced on August 23, 2007 and then released in Europe and Asia. A high-end model at the time of its release, the Viewty had a resistive touchscreen and was specially marketed for its camera due to its powerful camera features. The Viewty had a high gloss black look similar to the previous LG Prada, although it was also released in many other colours. In South Korea, it was known as the Beauty Phone (뷰티폰).
Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo supérieur aux Grands Lacs africains
The Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo supérieur aux Grands Lacs africains (French; lit. 'Company of the Upper Congo to the African Great Lakes Railway', abbreviated to CFL) was a Belgian railway company established in 1902 in the Congo Free State, later the Belgian Congo, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
It provided service in the eastern part of the colony south of Stanleyville (Kisangani) to serve the settlers and mining operations in Katanga.
It operated a combination of river steamer service along the Lualaba River (Upper Congo River) and railway links where the river was not navigable, including a link to Lake Tanganyika.
In 1960 it became the Société congolaise des chemins de fer des Grands Lacs.

3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.
Ministry of Grain Products
The Ministry of Grain Products (Minkhleboproduktov; Russian: Министерство хлебопродуктов СССР) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union.

Originally established from parts of the Ministry of Agriculture in 1953, the Ministry of Procurement received its title in 1969. In December 1985, the name of the Ministry of Procurement was changed to the Ministry of Grain Products. In addition to its former responsibilities, the new ministry oversaw all bread and macaroni production.

Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Soviet Union)
The People's Commissariat for Agriculture, abbreviated as Narkomzem  was established in the RSFSR following the October Revolution. When the RSFSR joined the other Soviet republics to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), agriculture was to be an area of policy (along with education, health, etc.) governed exclusively by the individual union republics and Narkomzem remained a Commissariat of the RSFSR and other respective Soviet Socialist Republics. Coinciding with the onset of the policy of mass collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plan, it was decided to create a union-level People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the USSR in 1929 which would exist above the republic-level People's Commissariats of Agriculture. Its headquarters building was located at Orlikov Pereulok, 1, Moscow, designed by Aleksey Shchusev in 1928. Narkomzem was reformed  as the Soviet Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Minsel'khoz) in 1946.
Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association
The Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association (PRSSA) —Spanish: Asociación de Estudiantes Estadistas de Puerto Rico— is a Puerto Rican non-profit student organization dedicated to promoting statehood for Puerto Rico. It was founded in 1979, and remained active for two years, becoming inactive 1981–1993, active again 1993 to 1997, inactive once more 1997 to 2007, when it was reactivated once again.

PRSSA promotes the participation of pro-statehood students in the political process, serves as a pro-statehood student think tank, leads a grassroots approach to lobby the United States Congress, and provides professional development to its members through informational and internship programs.

Puerto Rico Democracy Act
The Puerto Rico Democracy Act is a bill to provide for a federally sanctioned self-determination process for the people of Puerto Rico.

This act would provide for plebiscites to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island's ultimate political status.  The bill was approved by the House of Representatives on April 29, 2010 by a recorded vote of 223–169. It was not approved by the Senate and died with the sine die adjournment of the 111th Congress.

The bill has been introduced twice in the United States Congress, first in 2007 and again in 2009.
2019–20 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship
The 2019–20 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's junior inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship began on 12 October 2019 and ended on 18 January 2020.

The All-Ireland final was played on 18 January 2020 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Conahy Shamrocks from Kilkenny and Russell Rovers from Cork, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Conahy Shamrocks won the match by 0-22 to 0-15 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in 12 years.

Eoghan Rua's Seán Leo McGoldrick was the championship's top scorer with 1-42.

2007–08 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship
The 2007–08 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship was the fifth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association.

The All-Ireland final was played on 9 February 2008 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Conahy Shamrocks from Kilkenny and Moyle Rovers from Tipperary, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Conahy Shamrocks won the match by 0-19 to 1-09 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.
Dryandra ser. Floribundae
Dryandra ser. Floribundae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.

Banksia sessilis var. cordata
Banksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis (Parrot Bush), with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.
Siruleh Zarun
Siruleh Zarun (Persian: سيروله ضرون, also Romanized as Sīrūleh Ẕarūn) is a village in Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 12 families.

Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District
Kuhdasht-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهدشت شمالی) is in the Central District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Namju. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Horin Khalifeh.
1980 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1980 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Down entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Tyrone in the Ulster final.

On 12 October 1980, Cork won the championship following a 2-8 to 1-5 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in nine championship seasons.

1979 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1979 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.

Roscommon entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Connacht Championship.

On 23 September 1979, Down won the championship following a 1-9 to 0-7 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.

The final was refereed by Gerry Mc Cabe from Clonoe in Co Tyrone
Ornithological Dictionary
The Ornithological Dictionary; or Alphabetical Synopsis of British Birds was written by the English naturalist and army officer George Montagu, and first published by J. White of Fleet Street, London in 1802.

It was one of the texts, along with Thomas Bewick's contemporaneous A History of British Birds (2 volumes, 1797 and 1804) that made ornithology popular in Britain, and, with the 1676 Ornithologia libri tres of Francis Willughby and John Ray, helped to make it the object of serious study. The book includes a description of the cirl bunting, discovered by Montagu in 1800 near his home in Kingsbridge, Devon.

The first edition was admired by biologists including Charles Darwin and David Lack.

A second edition, extensively revised by James Rennie in 1831, was panned by scientific critics.

Birds Britannica
Birds Britannica is a book by Mark Cocker and Richard Mabey, about the birds of the United Kingdom, and a sister volume to Mabey's 1996 Flora Britannica, about British plants. It was published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus.

According to the project's official website:

It covers cultural links; social history; birds as food; ecology; the lore and language of birds; myths, art, literature and music; anecdotes, birdsong and rare facts; modern developments; migration, the seasons and our sense of place.

Over 1,000 members of the public provided details of their observations and experiences, during the book's eight-year research period. Mabey's contribution was limited by his depression, leading to Cocker having a leading role, doing the bulk of the work and this more prominent credit.
Allan Grimson
Allan Michael Grimson (born 1958) is a convicted British murderer and suspected serial killer who is responsible for murdering at least two Royal Navy sailors and who is suspected of killing many others, possibly up to another 20 undiscovered victims. The judge, who sentenced him to a minimum term of 22 years at his trial, said that Grimson was "a serial killer by nature if not by number". Because his two victims were killed on the same date exactly a year apart (12 December), detectives believe there may be more victims as yet unidentified. He is the prime suspect in the disappearance of Simon Parkes, another young Royal Navy sailor who also vanished on 12 December from Gibraltar while Grimson was docked in the area.

Open prison
An open prison or open jail is a jail in which prisoners are trusted to complete sentences with minimal supervision and perimeter security, and are often not locked up in their prison cells. Prisoners may be permitted to take up employment while serving their sentence, thus encouraging them to reintegrate into society while withdrawing from criminal behavior. Without the constraints and stresses of typical incarcerations, they can discover more constructive lifestyles through support and light supervision from the criminal justice system. Such arrangements give prisoners time to improve their mental health and increase their chances of future employment. Despite these benefits, some scholars have pointed out that new forms of “pains of imprisonment” can emerge within open prisons, arising from the stresses of “liberty under constraint.”
Espanola Eagles
The Espanola Eagles (aka Espanola Screaming Eagles) were a Canadian Junior ice hockey team. The team was coached for eighteen years by Red McCarthy who then managed it for another four. The Eagles were located in Espanola, Ontario and played in the Memorial Cup-eligible Northern Ontario Junior Hockey Association and later the Centennial Cup-eligible Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League.

The Eagles played from 1962 until 2003 when their franchise was bought by interests in Michigan and relocated. The team was renamed the Northern Michigan Black Bears. The Bears existed from 2003–2006, then became the Soo Indians from 2008–2012. The team was then renamed again and from 2012–2015 was known as the Soo Eagles. From 2015 to the present, the team has been known as the New Jersey Junior Titans.

Soo Eagles
The Soo Eagles are an American junior ice hockey team from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan that plays in the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL).  In 2012, the Eagles bought the North American Hockey League franchise rights of the Traverse City North Stars and transferred to the NAHL.  In 2015, the Eagles sold their franchise rights and rejoined the NOJHL.
Juno Awards of 2018
The Juno Awards of 2018, honouring Canadian music achievements, were presented in Vancouver, British Columbia during the weekend of 24–25 March 2018. The primary telecast ceremonies were held at Rogers Arena. Vancouver previously hosted the Juno Awards in 1991, 1998 and 2009. Michael Bublé hosted these awards after having stepped down from his scheduled hosting the previous year due to his son's cancer diagnosis. Nominations were announced on 6 February 2018.

Changes in 2018 from previous years include the reintroduction of the Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year, a category which has not been awarded since 1984, and the ceremony's television broadcast returning to CBC Television, after previously being broadcast by CTV.

City and Colour
Dallas Michael John Albert Green (born September 29, 1980) is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter and record producer who records under the name City and Colour. He is also known for his contributions as a singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and co-founder of the post-hardcore band Alexisonfire. In 2005, he debuted his first full-length album, Sometimes, which achieved platinum certification in 2006. City and Colour began performing in small intimate venues between Alexisonfire tours. The name City and Colour comes from his own name: Dallas, a city, and Green, a colour. His reasoning for the name was that he felt uneasy "putting the album out under the name Dallas Green".
Kaersutite
Kaersutite is a dark brown to black double-chain calcic titanium-bearing amphibole mineral with formula: NaCa2(Mg3Ti4+Al)(Si6Al2)O22(O)2.

Ferro-kaersutite is the divalent iron-rich endmember of the kaersutite group, with the iron replacing magnesium in the structure.

Kaersutite occurs as phenocrysts in alkalic volcanic rocks, in nodules of peridotite and gabbro in alkalic basalts, and in syenites, monzonites, and carbonatite tuffs. Mineral associations include titanian augite, rhoenite, olivine, ilmenite, spinel, plagioclase, and titanian pargasite.

It was first described in 1884 and is named for Qaersut (formerly Kaersut), Umanq district in northern Greenland.

Augite
Augite, also known as Augurite, is a common rock-forming  pyroxene mineral with formula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6. The crystals are monoclinic and prismatic. Augite has two prominent cleavages, meeting at angles near 90 degrees.
Fredholm alternative
In mathematics, the Fredholm alternative, named after Ivar Fredholm, is one of Fredholm's theorems and is a result in Fredholm theory. It may be expressed in several ways, as a theorem of linear algebra, a theorem of integral equations, or as a theorem on Fredholm operators. Part of the result states that a non-zero complex number in the spectrum of a compact operator is an eigenvalue.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Utah State Route 98 (1969–2000)
Utah State Route 98 (SR-98) was a state highway in Weber County,  Utah, United States. The designation was applied to an approximately 3-mile (4.8 km) street that runs east–west and connects SR-37 in Hooper with SR-108 in Roy.

Utah State Route 37
State Route 37 (SR-37) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah, forming a 270° loop through the western part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area. The route is 12.35 miles (19.88 km).

When the road was added to the state highway system in 1915 and numbered in 1927, it formed a connection from Ogden to Hooper. However, after a series of changes, SR-37 does not enter Ogden and extends further south to Sunset.
Back Burners
"Back Burners" is the 32nd episode of the American crime drama The Wire, also the seventh episode of the show's third seasons. The episode was written by Joy Lusco from a story by David Simon & Joy Lusco and was directed by Tim Van Patten. It premiered November 7, 2004, on HBO in the U.S. In the episode, a designated drug dealing zone descends into chaos and violence, Omar Little hesitates in purchasing the service weapon stolen from Baltimore police ofifcer Dozerman, and the Baltimore police attempts to unmask burner phones used by Marlo's crew and the Barksdale Organization.

Critics for The Guardian and HitFix analyzed the episode for its message about drug decriminalization.

Dennis "Cutty" Wise
Dennis "Cutty" Wise is a fictional character inspired by real-life boxing trainer Calvin Ford on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Chad Coleman. Wise is a reformed criminal who sets up a boxing gym for neighborhood children. The name "Dennis Wise" was taken from an actual Baltimore contract killer who is serving a life sentence in prison. The nickname "Cutty" originates from the character serving time in the Maryland State Penitentiary in Jessup, Maryland, which was nicknamed "The Cut".
Preethi Madu Thamashe Nodu
Preethi Madu Thamashe Nodu (pronunciationⓘ transl. Make Love and Look Funny) is a 1979 Indian Kannada-language romantic comedy film, directed by C. V. Rajendran and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Srinath, Shankar Nag, Dwarakish and Manjula and Padmapriya. It is a remake of the 1964 Tamil romantic-comedy film Kadhalikka Neramillai.

Dwarakish
Bungle Shama Rao Dwarakanath (19 August 1942 – 16 April 2024), known by his stage name Dwarakish (/ˈdwɑːrkɪʃ/ DWAR-kish), was an Indian actor, comedian and filmmaker who predominantly worked in Kannada cinema in addition to few Tamil, Telugu and Hindi films. Starting his career as a supporting actor in Veera Sankalpa (1964) and co-producer for the film Mamatheya Madilu in 1966, Dwarakish went on to work over five decades in cinema. He debuted as a director with the film Nee Bareda Kadambari (1985).

Fondly remembered as "Karnatakada Kulla" (lit. 'Dwarf of Karnataka'), Dwarakish produced over 50 films under his home production called "Dwarakish Chitra". Mayor Muthanna (1969) was the first film to be produced under his banner. He is referred to be the "First showman of Kannada cinema" for his daring and lavish experiments and his films were known for grand sets, songs and exotic locations.
2025 Hellenic Championship – Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Lorenzo Musetti in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Hellenic Championship. It was his 101st career ATP Tour-level title and his 72nd title won on hard courts, breaking a tie with Roger Federer. Aged 38 years and 5 months old, Djokovic became the oldest men's singles champion on the ATP Tour since its establishment in 1990, and the third-oldest men's singles tour-level champion in the Open Era.

This was the first edition of the tournament, which replaced the Belgrade Open on the calendar.

2025 Hellenic Championship
The 2025 Hellenic Championship, also known as the Vanda Pharmaceutical Hellenic Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the ATP 250 Hellenic Championship. The event was played on indoor hardcourts at the OAKA Basketball Arena, a multi-purpose venue that was used for the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens, Greece. It replaced the Belgrade Open on the calendar. The event took place from 2 November to 8 November 2025.