hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass customization
Mass customization makes use of flexible computer-aided systems to produce custom products. Such systems combine the low unit costs of mass production processes with the flexibility of individual customization.

Mass customization is the new frontier in business for both manufacturing and service industries. At its core, is a tremendous increase in variety and customization without a corresponding increase in costs. At its limit, it is the mass production of individually customized goods and services. At its best, it provides strategic advantage and economic value.

Personalized marketing
Personalized marketing, also known as one-to-one marketing or individual marketing, is a marketing strategy by which companies use data analysis and digital technology to show adverts to individuals based on their perceived characteristics and interests. Marketers use methods from data collection, analytics, digital electronics, and digital economics then use technology to analyze it and show personalized ads based on algorithms that attempt to deduce people’s interests.
Towlak Rud
Towlak Rud (Persian: تولك رود, also Romanized as Towlak Rūd; also known as Towlagrūd) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 18 families.

Pir Sohrab Rural District
Pir Sohrab Rural District (Persian: دهستان پيرسهراب) is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Sohrab.
Juries (Ireland) Act 1833
The Juries (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 91) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated and amended statutes for Ireland related to juries. The act abolished outdated penalties, moved responsibility for creating jury lists from petty constables to churchwardens and parish overseers, expanded jury qualification to include bankers and merchants and devise a new method of jury selection. The act repealed for Ireland statutes from 1259 to 1825.

The act included repeals mirroring for Ireland the Juries Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4 c. 50), including repealing acts of the Parliament of England extended to Ireland by Poynings' Act 1495.

Peel's Acts
Peel's Acts (as they are commonly known) were Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. They consolidated provisions from a large number of earlier statutes which were then repealed. Their purpose was to simplify the criminal law. The term refers to the Home Secretary who sponsored them, Sir Robert Peel.

Some writers apply the term Peel's Acts to the series of acts passed between 1826 and 1832. Other writers apply the term Peel's Acts specifically to five of those acts, namely chapters 27 to 31 of the session 7 & 8 Geo. 4 (1827).

According to some writers, the Criminal Law Act 1826 (7 Geo. 4. c. 64) was the first of Peel's Acts.

The acts were the product of a failed attempt to codify the criminal law.
Ernest Alexander
Major-General Ernest Wright Alexander (2 October 1870 – 25 August 1934) was a British Army officer and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Michael Ashcroft
Michael Anthony Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft, KCMG, PC (born 4 March 1946) is a British-Belizean businessman, pollster and politician. He is a former deputy chairman of the Conservative Party. Ashcroft founded Michael A. Ashcroft Associates in 1972 and was the 132nd richest person in the UK, as ranked by the Sunday Times Rich List 2021, with an estimated fortune of £1.257 billion.

He was created a life peer in 2000, and sat on the Conservative benches of the House of Lords until resigning in 2015. The Cabinet Office stated that he would take up permanent residence in the UK for tax purposes, but it was reported a decade later that he had not done so.

Ashcroft holds dual British and Belizean nationality, and is a belonger of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Sikkim tea
Sikkim tea is a variety of tea grown in the state of Sikkim, India. Sikkim tea is not as widespread in use as the neighboring Darjeeling tea, however it has recently gained more popularity due to the increasing demand for organic products. The tea is mostly sold under the marketing name 'Temi tea'. Unlike Darjeeling tea, Sikkim tea has yet to receive a GI tag.

Temi Tea Garden
The Temi Tea Garden (27°14′12″N 88°25′20″E﻿ / ﻿27.2367°N 88.4222°E﻿ / 27.2367; 88.4222) in Temi, established in 1969 by the erstwhile King Palden Thondup Namgyal the last ruler of Sikkim, is located in Namchi in the northeastern Indian state of Sikkim. It is the only tea garden in Sikkim and is considered one of the best in India and the world. Top quality tea is produced, which is in demand in the international market. The garden is laid over a gradually sloping hill. The tea produced in this garden is also partly marketed under the trade name "Temi Tea".

The guidelines issued by the Institute of Marketology (IMO) of Switzerland to produce organic tea have been adopted in the Temi Tea Garden; a project initiated in April 2005 and nearing completion. In growing organic tea, agrochemicals are avoided by the tea estates that resulting in low production costs. Many European countries and Japan have shown a preference for tea produced by adopting the organic manuring method.
TN 60
The TN 60 was a French nuclear missile warhead. The 1 megaton TN 60 missile warhead entered service in early 1977 as an interim warhead for the MSBS M20 SLBM. The TN 60 was the first French warhead "hardened" to penetrate the Russian anti-ballistic missile defences around Moscow. The TN 60 was replaced with the TN 61 starting in late 1977.

A-35 anti-ballistic missile system
The A-35 anti-ballistic missile system was a Soviet military anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system deployed around Moscow to intercept enemy ballistic missiles targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The A-35 was the only Soviet ABM system allowed under the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. In development as of the 1960s and in operation from June 1972 until the 1990s, it featured the nuclear-armed A350 exoatmospheric interceptor missile. The A-35 was supported by two Dunay radars (NATO reporting names: Cat House and Dog House) and the Soviet early warning system. It was followed by the A-135 in the early 1990s.
Kumamoto Prefectural Ancient Burial Mound Museum
Kumamoto Prefectural Ancient Burial Mound Museum (熊本県立装飾古墳館, Kumamoto kenritsu sōshoku kofun-kan) is a museum of decorated kofun in Yamaga, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The collection includes full-size replicas of the inner chambers of twelve tumuli.

The museum was designed by Tadao Ando and completed at a cost of ¥1.6 bn in April 1992.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
129 West Trade
129 West Trade is a 250 feet (76 m) high-rise in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was built in 1958 and has 15 floors. The building is clad with 3,822 - 2,000 pound (890 kg) precast concrete facade panels which measure 5.5 by 6 feet (1.6 by 1.8 m).

This building was home to the Wachovia Charlotte office prior to 1975, when the bank moved to 400 South Tryon. The Charlotte Chamber of Commerce occupied the building from 1975 to 1995.

400 South Tryon
400 South Tryon, formerly called the Wachovia Center, is a high-rise office building in Charlotte center city, North Carolina. When it was being built, there were rumors that the developer intended to add ten more floors to pass Bank of America Plaza, and become the tallest building in Charlotte. It is now the 15th tallest building. Construction of the building began in 1972 and was completed in 1974.  In April 2025 the building was put up for public auction.  The only bid was for $36 million, from the lender, listed as 400 South Tryon LP.  At the time of the auction the building was 23% occupied.
House of Metal
House of Metal is a metal music festival in Umeå, Sweden, that was conducted for the first time on 16–17 February 2007.

HoM has three different stages for bands of varying size and as well as an additional stage for cover bands. Every year appear about 25 bands from Sweden and the rest of the world.

The 14th edition of House of Metal festival will be at Umeå Folkets Hus, 28-29 February 2020.

Dark Tranquillity
Dark Tranquillity are a Swedish melodic death metal band from Gothenburg, formed in 1989. They are considered one of the pioneering acts of the Gothenburg metal scene, which also includes bands such as At the Gates and In Flames. After a nearly three-decade long collaboration of four founding members frequent lineup changes between 2015-2021 have left only vocalist Mikael Stanne as an original member, together with long-time keyboardist Martin Brändström. The current lineup of the band consists of Stanne (vocals), Brandstrom (keyboards, electronics), Johan Reinholdz (lead guitar), Peter Lyse Karmak (rhythm guitar), Christian Jansson (bass), and Joakim Strandberg Nilsson (drums).
Ben Zion Shenker
Ben Zion Shenker (1925–2016) was a world-renowned American Hasidic composer and hazzan (cantor), associated with the Modzitz hasidic dynasty. Shenker was born in the heyday of the American hazzan. He became interested in the art as a child, and was performing on radio by his early teens. Soon after, he became close to Rabbi Shaul Taub, the Holocaust-surviving Modzitz Grand Rabbi, who was known for his mystical Hasidic compositions. He dedicated much of his life to recording and publishing the large stock of pre-war Modzitz songs, as well as Taub's post-war work. Shenker created a music label, Neginah, for the purpose of recording those songs,  and himself became a composer of hundreds Modzitz moded songs.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Donna Moore (strongwoman)
Donna Moore (born 1980) is a British strongwoman. The winner of the 2016, 2017, and 2019 World's Strongest Woman competitions, the 2015 Europe's Strongest Woman title, the 2016 and 2017 Arnold Amateur Strongwoman world championships, and 2018 Arnold Pro Strongwoman title, she's the second-most decorated professional strongwoman of all-time.

World's Strongest Woman
World's Strongest Woman is an annual strongwoman contest. It has been known at various times as the Strongwoman World Championships, World's Strongest Lady, and United Strongmen Women's World Championships.
Al-Sawda
Al-Sawda (Arabic: السودا, also spelled Sauda or al-Soda) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Tartus Governorate, located 15 kilometers northeast of Tartus. Nearby localities include Annazah to the northeast, Maten al-Sahel to the northwest, Husayn al-Baher to the west, Dweir al-Shaykh Saad to the southwest, Awaru to the south, Khirbet al-Faras to the southeast and Khawabi to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Sawda had a population of 4,064 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the al-Sawda nahiyah ("sub-district") which contained 27 localities with a collective population of 32,925 in 2004. The inhabitants are predominantly Christians, of the Greek Orthodox Church.

Dweir al-Shaykh Saad
Dweir al-Shaykh Saad (Arabic: دوير الشيخ سعد) is a Syrian village in the Tartus District in Tartous Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dweir al-Shaykh Saad had a population of 4,117 in the 2004 census.
Blue spruce
The blue spruce (Picea pungens), also commonly known as Colorado spruce or Colorado blue spruce, is a species of spruce tree native to North America in Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. It is noted for its often strongly glaucous blue-green needles, and has therefore been used as an ornamental tree in many places far beyond its native range.

Augustine Henry
Augustine Henry (2 July 1857 – 23 March 1930) was a British-born Irish plantsman and sinologist. He is best known for sending over 15,000 dry specimens and seeds and 500 plant samples to Kew Gardens in the United Kingdom. By 1930, he was a recognised authority and was honoured with society membership in Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, and Poland. In 1929 the Botanical Institute of Peking dedicated to him the second volume of  Icones plantarum Sinicarum, a collection of plant drawings. In 1935, John William Besant was to write: 'The wealth of beautiful trees and flowering shrubs which adorn gardens in all temperate parts of the world today is due in a great measure to the pioneer work of the late Professor Henry'.
State Highway 64 (Rajasthan)
State Highway 64 ( RJ SH 64) is a state highway in Rajasthan state of India that connects Rohat in Pali district of Rajasthan with Ahore in Jalore district of Rajasthan. The total length of RJ SH 64 is 82 km.

This highway connects NH 65 in Rohat to RJ SH 16 in Ahore. Other cities and towns on this highway are: Garwara, Vasi and Bhadrajun.

Pali district
Pali district is a district in Rajasthan, India. The city of Pali is its administrative headquarters.
Pali is also known as the Industrial/Textile City and has been a hub for merchant activities for centuries. It has a rich heritage and culture, including beautiful Jain temples and other elaborate monuments.
Ramakant Goswami
Ramakant Goswami (born 29 October 1944) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Delhi from Rajendra Nagar constituency. He was the Minister of Industry, Labour, Election, Law & Justice and Parliament Affairs, Transport and Law Govt. of NCT, Delhi. He was also a member of the Business Advisory Committee of Delhi Government since 2002.

2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Delhi on 29 November 2008 to elect 70 members of the Delhi Legislative Assembly. The voter turnout for the election was 57.60% an increase by 4.18% than the previous election in 2003.
The Indian National Congress won the election comfortably winning 43 of the 70 seats, while the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party managed to win 23 seats. Sheila Dikshit of the Indian National Congress was sworn in as the Chief Minister for the third consecutive time.
Lyngdalsfjorden
Lyngdalsfjorden is a fjord in Agder county, Norway.  The 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) fjord begins at the village of Alleen in Lyngdal municipality and it flows southwest into Farsund municipality before emptying into the North Sea just south of the town of Farsund.  The 1-to-2-kilometre (0.62 to 1.24 mi) wide fjord is fed by the river Lygna at Alleen and it has a couple larger fjords that join the Lyngdalsfjorden.  The Åptafjorden joins the Lyngdalsfjorden from the northwest, coming from Sande and Åpta in the Herad area.  The large lake Framvaren flows into the Helvikfjorden, which joins the Lyngdalsfjorden from the west.

Herad
Herad is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 85-square-kilometre (33 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality encompassed the area northeast of the lake Framvaren inside the present-day municipality of Farsund in what is now Agder county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Sande where the Herad Church is located.
Quercus pungens
Quercus pungens, commonly known as the sandpaper oak or scrub oak, is a North American species  evergreen or sub-evergreen shrub or small tree in the white oak group. There is one recognised variety, Quercus pungens var. vaseyana, the Vasey shin oak. Sandpaper oak hybridizes with gray oak (Quercus grisea) in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Teal Wicks
Teal Wicks (born September 8, 1982 in Sacramento, California) is an American singer and stage actress, who is best known for her performances as Elphaba in the Broadway, San Francisco, and Los Angeles productions of the musical Wicked and as Mary Barrie in the musical Finding Neverland.

In 2013, Wicks played the role of Emma Carew, Dr. Jekyll's fiancée, in the 2013 Broadway revival of Jekyll & Hyde. Wicks starred as Lady in The Cher Show at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway for the entirety of its run, from October 2018 to August 2019.

Goodspeed Musicals
Goodspeed Musicals is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and advancement of musical theater and the creation of new works, located in East Haddam, Connecticut. Its landmark Goodspeed Opera House is a distinctive feature of the view from the Connecticut River and is the birthplace of some of the world's most famous musicals, including Annie, Man of La Mancha, and Shenandoah.

Goodspeed Musicals also includes the Norma Terris Theatre in Chester as well as several writing and performing seminars. Goodspeed Musicals is considered one of the foremost regional theaters in the United States to date producing 250 musicals, over 70 world premieres, and sending 21 productions to Broadway.  Goodspeed Musicals is the first regional theatre in America to earn two special Tony Awards, one in 1980 for outstanding contributions to the American musical and a second in 1995 for distinguished achievement for a regional theatre.
Armoured Battalion (Norway)
The Armoured Battalion (Norwegian: Panserbataljonen) is the first battalion and an infantry unit of the Norwegian Army. Although it is categorised as an armoured unit, the battalion (strictly a battlegroup) primarily serves in the mechanised infantry role. As with the Telemark Battalion, the unit also has a tank squadron equipped with the Leopard 2 main battle tank. The battalion is recognised as a cavalry unit for ceremonial purposes, so its conscripted soldiers are referred to as dragoons as opposed to privates, as is the case in most of the Norwegian Army.

The motto of the battalion is Bitit fyrst (Old Norse for "Strike First"), referring to the offensive role of the battalion.

Telemark Battalion
The Telemark Battalion (Norwegian: Telemark bataljon, abbreviated as TMBN) is a mechanised infantry battalion of the Norwegian Army. It was established in 1993, and is a part of Brigade Nord and stationed at Rena, Hedmark. The battalion consists of five companies/squadrons.
Carthago Nova
Ancient Rome portal

Cartago Nova is an historical name for the city of Cartagena in Spain, from the Roman conquest until the Byzantine domination in the 6th century. Its name then changed to Carthago Spartaria. The city may not have been founded entirely ex novo but rather built on earlier Iberian or possibly Tartessian settlement.

Roman Theatre (Cartagena)
The Roman Theatre of Cartagena is a Roman theatre in the Roman colonia of Carthago Nova—present-day Cartagena, Spain. Built between the years 5 and 1 BCE, it had a capacity of some 6,000 spectators and was used for Roman theatrical performances.
Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (born July 15, 1962) is a Polish-American historian specializing in Central European history of the 19th and 20th centuries. He teaches at the Patrick Henry College and at the Institute of World Politics. He has been described as conservative and nationalistic, and his attitude towards minorities has been widely criticized.

Dovid Katz
Dovid Katz (Yiddish: הירשע־דוד כ״ץ‎, also הירשע־דוד קאַץ‎, Hirshe-Dovid Kats, [ˌhirʃɛ-ˈdɔvid ˈkɑt͡s], born 9 May 1956) is an American-born Vilnius-based scholar, author, and educator specializing in Yiddish language and literature, Lithuanian-Jewish culture, and the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.
2020 Bas-Rhin municipal elections
The 2020 Bas-Rhin municipal elections took place on 15 March 2020, with a second round of voting initially expected for 22 March 2020. Like the rest of France, the second round was initially suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 22 May, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe announced that the second round of voting would take place on the 28th of June.

The Ecologists
The Ecologists – Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Les Écologistes – Europe Écologie Les Verts), commonly known as The Ecologists (French: Les Écologistes, LÉ) and formerly as Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Europe Écologie Les Verts [øʁɔp ekɔlɔʒi le vɛʁ], EELV [ə ɛl ve]) until 2023, is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. It was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
Fox Soccer Plus
Fox Soccer Plus (formerly Setanta Sports) is an American sports channel dedicated to soccer and rugby league football. Launched in 2005 by the Irish sports broadcaster Setanta Sports to offer live and tape-delayed mainstream sports events in the United States and Caribbean, it was rebranded on March 1, 2010, as a spin-off of the now-defunct Fox Soccer after its owner News Corporation acquired the channel and its coverage rights from Setanta in January 2010.

Despite the September 2013 replacement of Fox Soccer with FXX, Fox Soccer Plus remains operational, although in recent years, the channel has lost many of its key events that had carried over from the Fox Soccer Channel.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.