hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2020 Tour de France is the 107th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Nice with a hilly stage on 29 August, and Stage 12 occurred on 10 September with a hilly stage from Chauvigny. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 20 September.

Adam Yates
Adam Richard Yates (born 7 August 1992) is a British professional road and track racing cyclist who rides for UCI WorldTeam UAE Team Emirates XRG. Yates placed third overall at the 2023 Tour de France. In 2016 he became the first British rider to win the young rider classification, one year ahead of his twin brother Simon Yates.

Yates has taken more than twenty wins during his professional career, including overall victories at the 2021 Volta a Catalunya, the 2023 Tour de Romandie and the 2024 Tour de Suisse. He has also won a stage at the Tour de France, in 2023, and the one-day races Clásica de San Sebastián (2015) and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal (2023).
Copenhagen Suborbitals
Copenhagen Suborbitals is a crowd-funded human space program. It has flown six home-built rockets and capsules since 2011. The organization successfully launched its Nexø II rocket in the summer of 2018. Its stated goal is to have one of its members reach space (above 100 km) on a sub-orbital spaceflight. The organization was founded by Kristian von Bengtson and Peter Madsen.

As of September 2024, the program has 63 volunteers who elect a chairman and board members at their annual general assemblies. The chairman is Jørgen Skyt.

Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear, pale cyan liquid form of dioxygen O2. It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing.
Forsal.pl
Forsal.pl is a Polish language web site covering financial and business news. It has a readership of approximately 500.000 unique visitors per month and has roughly 3 million page views per month.

Forsal.pl is a part of INFOR Biznes sp. z o.o. The web site cooperates closely with business news & legal weekday newspaper Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, which is also one of INFOR Biznes's proprietaries.

INFOR Biznes is owned in 51% by the Polish publishing company INFOR PL and in 49% by Ringier Axel Springer Media AG, which is a joint venture between the Swiss publishing company Ringier and the German publishing company Axel Springer.

Dziennik Gazeta Prawna
Dziennik Gazeta Prawna (Polish: [ˈd͡ʑɛn.ɲik ɡaˈzɛ.ta ˈprav.na], Daily Legal Newspaper; abbreviation: DGP) is a Polish legal and business daily newspaper, headquartered in Warsaw and published from Monday to Friday. The paper focuses on law, taxes and finances. The publisher of DGP is Infor Biznes, a Polish publishing company.
Henry Williams (bishop)
Henry Herbert Williams CH (19 December 1872 – 29 September 1961) was an English clergyman who served as Bishop of Carlisle.

Williams was the elder son of Rev. John Williams, Vicar of Poppleton. He was educated at St Peter's School, York and The Queen's College, Oxford. He began his ministry in 1900 as a tutor and lecturer in philosophy at Hertford College, Oxford and in 1913 he became Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford. From 1920 to 1941 he was Bishop of Carlisle. He died on 29 September 1961.

He is credited with the quote "furious activity is no substitute for understanding".

Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire.

The order was originally intended to be conferred upon a limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with the war" and were listed in The London Gazette.
2018 Atlanta Blaze season
The 2018 Atlanta Blaze season was the third season for the Atlanta Blaze of Major League Lacrosse. The Blaze created a lot of noise in the preceding offseason period. On September 12, 2017, the Blaze signed former Lizard Tommy Palasek. Later in the month, the Blaze also signed Matt Gibson from the Lizards and acquired Eddy Glazener from the Denver Outlaws for Christian Burgdorf.

On December 18, 2017, Blaze head coach Dave Huntley died unexpectedly at the age of 60. Former MLL player Liam Banks was named his replacement on January 15, 2018, becoming the third head coach in the young team's history.

For the second straight year, the Blaze improved their record, finishing .500 for the first time in franchise history at 7-7. The team entered the final week of the season just needing a win to clinch a playoff spot. However, the Blaze lost a close one to the Denver Outlaws, 15-14.

Denver Outlaws
The Denver Outlaws are a professional field lacrosse team based in Denver, Colorado, that competes in the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). Founded as the Chrome Lacrosse Club, they began play as one of the league's six inaugural teams in the 2019 season alongside Archers, Atlas, Chaos, Redwoods, and Whipsnakes. The team competes as a member of the league's Western Conference.

Following the assignment of home markets for the 2024 season on November 14, 2023, they were rebranded with the identity of the former Denver Outlaws of Major League Lacrosse. The Denver Outlaws notched their first PLL win defeating the defending champion Utah Archers 18–17 in overtime on June 7, 2024, in Charlotte, North Carolina.
María Ontiveros
María García-Ontiveros y Herrera (born in Venezuela – died in Madrid, November 1956), known in literary circles as María Ontiveros, was a Spanish poet and politician, and a member of the literary circle Versos con faldas.

José María Pemán
José María Pemán y Pemartín (8 May 1897 – 19 July 1981) was a Spanish journalist, poet, playwright, novelist, essayist and monarchist intellectual. He was a member of Francisco Franco's Falange movement.
2006 California League season
The 2006 California League was a Class A-Advanced baseball season played between April 6 and September 4. Ten teams played a 140-game schedule, as three teams from each division qualified for the post-season, the winner of each half of the season plus playoff qualifiers.

The Inland Empire 66ers won the California League championship, as they defeated the Visalia Oaks in the final round of the playoffs.

Inland Empire 66ers
The Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners. The 66ers are based in San Bernardino, California, and play at San Manuel Stadium.
Africa Speaks (album)
Africa Speaks is the twenty-fifth studio album by American rock band Santana, released on June 7, 2019, by Concord Records and Suretone Records.

The album was produced during a 10-day recording session by Rick Rubin at Rubin's Shangri-La recording studio in Malibu, during which they recorded 49 songs. Rubin and Carlos Santana used an eight-piece band (which included Santana's wife, Cindy Blackman Santana, on drums).

The first single from the album, "Breaking Down the Door", was released on April 19, 2019. In January 2019, Santana released the EP In Search of Mona Lisa, which served as a preamble to the LP. The album debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200.

In Search of Mona Lisa
In Search of Mona Lisa is an EP by Santana released on January 25, 2019, on Concord Records.

A music video for the EP's first single, "Do You Remember Me", was released on January 24, 2019.

Santana has announced plans to release a new full-length album, produced by Rick Rubin, scheduled for mid-2019, with the EP serving as a preamble.
Convention Center station (San Diego Trolley)
Convention Center station is a station of the Green and Silver Lines on the San Diego Trolley. It is located in the Marina district section of the city, which features a variety of waterfront apartments just west of downtown. The San Diego Convention Center is located adjacent to the station, and Petco Park is less than half a mile away. This station opened June 30, 1990 as part of the Orange Line's (then called the East Line) Bayside Extension.

It was closed from April 9 through July 2012 to undergo renovations as part of the Trolley Renewal Project.

On September 2, 2012, service to this station by the Orange Line was replaced by the Green Line as part of a system redesign.

Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)
The Silver Line is a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) heritage streetcar line operated by the San Diego Trolley, an operating division of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). It operates on a "downtown loop", a circle of tracks around downtown San Diego, and is operated using renovated historic vehicles. The line is one of five lines in the trolley system, sharing tracks with other lines; the other four lines are the Blue, Orange, Green, and Copper lines.
Loma Prieta
Loma Prieta (Spanish for "Black Hill") is the highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California, measuring 3,790 feet (1,160 m) in height.

Although the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake was named for this mountain, the actual epicenter was five miles southwest of the peak, across the San Andreas Fault, in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park.

In the 19th century, the peak was called Mount Bache, a name given in honor of Alexander Dallas Bache; the name is no longer in use.

From 1955 to 2005, the mountain was the longtime site for the transmitter tower of San Jose television station KNTV. In September 2005, it moved its transmitter 83 kilometres (52 mi) northwest to San Bruno Mountain after it became the Bay Area's NBC affiliate.

The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park
The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park is a state park of California, United States, protecting a secondary forest in the watershed of Aptos Creek and Soquel Creek within the Santa Cruz Mountains. It is located outside Aptos, California, and contains over 40 miles (64 km) of hiking trails and fire roads through 10,223 acres (4,137 ha) of variable terrain.
Strilelandet
Strilelandet is a loosely defined district in Vestland county, Norway. It is normally defined as Nordhordland and Midhordland except for Bergen. It has traditionally been used as a term within Bergen to describe people who came from the surrounding area, and could be approximately defined as the area which was within a day's rowing of Bergen.

Nordhordland
Nordhordland is a traditional district in the western part of Norway. The district consists of the northern portion of the old Hordaland county (now part of Vestland county), north of the city of Bergen. It includes the municipalities of Alver, Austrheim, Fedje, Masfjorden, Modalen, Osterøy, and Vaksdal. The district roughly corresponds to the Nordhordland prosti, a Church of Norway deanery. Historically, Gulen Municipality to the north was included in the district.
French submarine Dorade
Dorade was one of 20 Naïade-class submarines built for the French Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. She was of the Romazotti type, and remained in service until just prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

Naïade-class submarine
The Naïade-class submarines, sometimes referred to as the Perle class were a group of submarines built for the French Navy  at the beginning of the 20th century. There were twenty vessels in this class, which was designed by Gaston Romazotti. The class introduced internal combustion engines into French submarine design. They remained in service until just prior to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
Fruit sours
Fruit sours is a confectionery that is normally sold in bulk. Each piece is spherical and about 15mm in diameter. They come in a variety of colors; typically red (strawberry), orange, yellow (lemon), green (apple or lime), and purple (berry or black currant). Fruit sours are comparable to jelly beans in texture, with a soft candy center and a glazed outer shell. They are also mildly tart and tangy in flavor, due to citric acid and malic acid which are sometimes crystals that coat the sweets. Gourmet varieties will have a more prominent fruit-flavoring added.

A 4 oz. serving of fruit sours contains about 400 calories with 105 grams of carbohydrates.

Bulk confectionery
Bulk confectionery, pick and mix candy, candy walls, or simply loose candy is a retailing strategy where various types of confectionery are sold together in large containers or in separate bins, allowing customers to select the assortment and quantity they prefer. Typically used in vending machines or confectionery retailers, this method involves dispensing candy by weight or piece count. This method has a global presence, with variations in practice and terminology across regions.
Horestes
Horestes is a late Tudor morality play by the English dramatist John Pickering. It was first published in 1567 and was most likely performed by Lord Rich's men as part of the Christmas revels at court that year. The play's full title is A new interlude of Vice containing the history of Horestes with the cruel revengement of his father's death upon his one natural mother. It has been proposed that John Pickering (John Pickeryng) is likely to be the same person as lawyer and politician Sir John Puckering.

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".
Redenham
Redenham is a small village in the civil parish of Appleshaw in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Andover, which lies approximately 4.8 miles (7.7 km) south-east from the village.

Redenham House is a Grade II* listed country house which stands in Redenham Park.

Andover, Hampshire
Andover (/ˈændoʊvər/ AN-doh-vər) is a town in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. The town is on the River Anton, a major tributary of the Test, and lies alongside the major A303 trunk road at the eastern end of Salisbury Plain, 18 miles (29 km) west of the town of Basingstoke. It is 14 miles (23 km) from Winchester, 35 miles (56 km) north of Southampton and 65 miles (105 km) from London.

The town developed as a centre for grain milling and wool processing, and in the 20th century it took on a significant Armed Forces presence.
Chico River (Upper Chubut)
The Chico River is a river, about 120 km (75 mi) long, flowing from Río Negro into Chubut Province, Argentina. Originating in the Andes foothills, it joins the Chubut River to the south of Cushamen.

This river is not to be confused with the much longer Chico River joining the Chubut at Florentino Ameghino Dam.

Chico River (Lower Chubut)
The Chico River is a river of Chubut Province, Argentina. It is about 300 kilometres (190 mi) long, flowing in a northeasterly direction from the vicinity of Lake Colhue Huapi. It is a tributary of the Chubut River, joining it at the Florentino Ameghino Dam.

Before 1939 water from the Senguerr River entered the Chico via an outlet on the east side of Lake Colhue Huapi, but heavy use of water for irrigation has lowered the lake level and led to desiccation of the Chico river. The wide valley of the Chico is mostly dry today, except during periods of especially heavy snowmelt in the Andean headwaters of the Senguerr.
Methane clumped isotopes
Methane clumped isotopes are methane molecules that contain two or more rare isotopes. Methane (CH4) contains two elements, carbon and hydrogen, each of which has two stable isotopes. For carbon, 98.9% are in the form of carbon-12 (12C) and 1.1% are carbon-13 (13C); while for hydrogen, 99.99% are in the form of protium (1H) and 0.01% are deuterium (2H or D). Carbon-13 (13C) and deuterium (2H or D) are rare isotopes in methane molecules. The abundance of the clumped isotopes provides information independent from the traditional carbon or hydrogen isotope composition of methane molecules.

Kinetic isotope effect
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light (kL) and the heavy (kH) isotopically substituted reactants (isotopologues): KIE = kL/kH.

This change in reaction rate is a quantum effect that occurs mainly because heavier isotopologues have lower vibrational frequencies than their lighter counterparts. In most cases, this implies a greater energy input needed for heavier isotopologues to reach the transition state (or, in rare cases, dissociation limit), and therefore, a slower reaction rate. The study of KIEs can help elucidate reaction mechanisms, and is occasionally exploited in drug development to improve unfavorable pharmacokinetics by protecting metabolically vulnerable C-H bonds.
William B. Rodman
William Blount Rodman (1817, in Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina – 1893) was an American lawyer and politician from North Carolina. He was a justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1868 to 1878.

North Carolina Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina is the state of North Carolina's highest appellate court. Until the creation of the North Carolina Court of Appeals in the 1960s, it was the state's only appellate court. The Supreme Court consists of six associate justices and one chief justice, although the number of justices has varied.  The primary function of the Supreme Court is to decide questions of law that have arisen in the lower courts and before state administrative agencies.
Economics of the arts and literature
Economics of the arts and literature  or cultural economics (used below for convenience) is a branch of economics that studies the economics of creation, distribution, and the consumption of works of art, literature and similar creative and/or cultural products.   For a long time, the concept of the "arts" were confined to visual arts (e.g., painting) and performing arts (music, theatre, dance) in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. Usage has widened since the beginning of the 1980s with the study of cultural industry (cinema, television programs, book and periodical publishing and music publishing) and the economy of cultural institutions (museums, libraries, historic buildings).  The field is coded as JEL: Z11 in the Journal of Economic Literature classification system used for article searches.

William G. Bowen
William Gordon Bowen (/ˈboʊən/ BOH-ən; October 6, 1933 – October 20, 2016) was an American academic who served as the president emeritus of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, serving as its president from 1988 to 2006. From 1972 until 1988, he was the president of Princeton University. Bowen founded the digital library JSTOR.
2006 Züri-Metzgete
The 2006 edition of the Züri-Metzgete cycling classic took place on October 1 in a circuit in and around the Swiss city of Zürich. It was part of the 2006 UCI ProTour, and won by Samuel Sánchez. It turned out to be the last running of the Züri-Metzgete race.

2006 UCI ProTour
The 2006 UCI ProTour was the second year of the UCI ProTour system, in which the ProTour teams are guaranteed, and obliged to, participate in the series of ProTour races.

The prelude to the 2006 ProTour was dominated by a dispute between the managers of the Grand Tours and UCI, which meant that the Grand Tours were initially not to be a part of the 2006 ProTour. On April 7, 2006, an agreement to the dispute between the Grand Tours organisers and the Union Cycliste Internationale was reached , guaranteeing the future of the ProTour.
Superposition calculus
The superposition calculus is a calculus for reasoning in equational logic. It was developed in the early 1990s  and combines concepts from first-order resolution with ordering-based equality handling as developed in the context of (unfailing) Knuth–Bendix completion. It can be seen as a generalization of either resolution (to equational logic) or unfailing completion (to full clausal logic). Like most first-order calculi, superposition tries to show the unsatisfiability of a set of first-order clauses, i.e. it performs proofs by refutation. Superposition is refutation complete—given unlimited resources and a fair derivation strategy, from any unsatisfiable clause set a contradiction will eventually be derived.

Many (state-of-the-art) theorem provers for first-order logic are based on superposition (e.g. the E equational theorem prover), although only a few implement the pure calculus.

Equational logic
First-order equational logic consists of quantifier-free terms of ordinary first-order logic, with equality as the only predicate symbol. The model theory of this logic was developed into universal algebra by Birkhoff, Grätzer, and Cohn. It was later made into a branch of category theory by Lawvere ("algebraic theories").

The terms of equational logic are built up from variables and constants using function symbols (or operations).
Lanakawai
Hawaii portal

History portal

Lanakawai—also known as Lanaikawai and Lonokawai—was an ancient Hawaiian nobleman, who was a Prince of the island of Maui. He became a High Chief of the island of Hawaiʻi (the Big Island). His grandson was the founder of the Pili line, a dynasty of the chiefs of the Big Island.

Aliʻi nui of Hawaiʻi
The following is a list of Aliʻi nui of the island of Hawaiʻi.

The aliʻi nui is the supreme ruler (sometimes called the "King" or Moi) of the island. Aliʻi refers to the ruling class of Hawaiʻi prior to the formation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park
The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park is a 1972 live-action/animated television film made by Hanna-Barbera featuring the characters from The Banana Splits television series. Mixing live action sequences shot at Kings Island amusement park in Cincinnati, Ohio, with animation, the film follows the Banana Splits as they attempt to rescue a young girl who is kidnapped by a power-hungry witch.

The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park was first broadcast as an episode on the weekly program The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie on November 25, 1972, and continued to air sporadically well into the 2000s, via cable networks Cartoon Network and Boomerang, both of which also aired reruns of its parent series.

The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie
The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie — retitled The New Saturday Superstar Movie for its second season — is a series of one-hour American animated made-for-television films (some of which also contained live action sequences), broadcast on the ABC television network on Saturday mornings from September 9, 1972, to November 17, 1973.

Intended as a version of the ABC Movie of the Week for kids, this series was produced by several production companies — including Hanna-Barbera, Filmation and Rankin/Bass — and mostly contained features based on popular cartoon characters and TV shows of the time, such as Yogi Bear, The Brady Bunch and Lost in Space. Some of the films served as pilots for new TV series.

The theme music and main titles were composed by Steve Zuckerman.