hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, which dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−4 ions to give an intensely pink to purple solution.

Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also traditionally as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has a great variety of niche uses such as biocide for water treatment purposes and for tanning and dyeing cloth. In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tons.

It is also referred to as chameleon mineral, Condy's crystals, permanganate of potash, hypermangan, purple potion powder, permanganic acid (potassium salt), and purple salt.

Potassium permanganate (medical use)
Potassium permanganate is used as a medication for a number of skin conditions. This includes fungal infections of the foot, impetigo, pemphigus, superficial wounds, dermatitis, and tropical ulcers. For tropical ulcers it is used together with procaine benzylpenicillin. It can be applied as a soaked dressing or a bath.

Side effects may include irritation of the skin and discoloration of clothing. If it is taken by mouth, toxicity and death may occur. Potassium permanganate is an oxidizing agent. The British National Formulary recommends that each 100 mg be dissolved in a liter of water before use.

Potassium permanganate was first made in the 1600s and came into common medical use at least as early as the 1800s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Goodman's mouse lemur
Goodman's mouse lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara) is a species of mouse lemur from the region near Andasibe in eastern Madagascar. The species is named in honor of primatologist Steven M. Goodman. "Lehilahytsara" is a combination of the Malagasy words which mean "good" and "man". The finding was presented August 10, 2005, along with the discovery of the northern giant mouse lemur (Mirza zaza) as a separate species.

Northern giant mouse lemur
The northern giant mouse lemur (Mirza zaza), or northern dwarf lemur, is a species of lemur discovered in 2005. They are part of the primate order, and classified in the family Cheirogaleidae. Previously, both populations of giant mouse lemurs were believed to belong to one species. The northern giant mouse lemurs are small nocturnal lemurs endemic to Madagascar. They weigh about 300 grams (11 oz), and have long, bushy tails and relatively small ears. Their large testicles are an indication of their promiscuous copulation system. These lemurs have been found to use communal sleeping nests including multiple males, which is an uncommon behaviour in lemurs.
Billie's Bounce
"Billie's Bounce"  (also known as "Bill's Bounce") is a jazz composition written in 1945 by Charlie Parker in the form of a 12 bar F blues. Some sources claim that the song was dedicated to Dizzy Gillespie's agent, Billy Shaw, although according to Ross Russell, Shaw's "name was misspelled" accidentally. However, others claim that the song was in fact dedicated to Shaw's secretary, who was called Billie. The original recording by Charlie Parker and His Re-Boppers was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002.

Originally an instrumental, lyrics were added later by Jon Hendricks and by Eddie Jefferson.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The Grammy Hall of Fame is a hall of fame to honor musical recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance. Inductees are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts. It is compiled by The Recording Academy in the United States, and was established in 1973. Recordings (singles and albums) in all genres are eligible for selection, and must be over 25 years old to be considered. Additions to the list are chosen annually by a committee of recording arts professionals.

Alphabetical listing by title:

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (A–D)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (E–I)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (J–P)

List of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients (Q–Z)
Weizhou, Guangxi
Weizhou (simplified Chinese: 涠洲镇; traditional Chinese: 潿洲鎮; pinyin: Wéizhōu Zhèn; Jyutping: Wai4zau1 Zan3) is a town of Haicheng District, Beihai, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. The town comprises two Gulf of Tonkin islands: Weizhou Island and a smaller 1.89 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi) Xieyang Island (斜阳岛), covering an area of 26.63 km2 (10.28 sq mi) and with a population of 15,900.  It includes 2 neighborhood committees, 9 village committees. As of 2011, it has 2 residential communities (社区) and 9 villages under its administration.

Beihai
Beihai (Chinese: 北海; pinyin: Běihǎi; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of international trade for Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. Between 2006 and 2020, Beihai was predicted to be the world's fastest growing city. Beihai has a large shipyard, but most of the money generated in the city is derived from trade.

In addition, it governs the small islands of Weizhou and Xieyang, and is directly west of Leizhou Peninsula. At the end of 2024, the city's resident population is 1.91,700, of which 1.169 million are urban residents, accounting for 61.52% of the resident population (urbanization rate of the resident population).
2022 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg
The women's freestyle 53 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Belgrade, Serbia on 13 and 14 September 2022.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2022 World Wrestling Championships
The 2022 World Wrestling Championships was the 17th edition of the World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held between 10 and 18 September 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

The UWW Bureau approved the candidature of Belgrade, Serbia as the host of the 2023 Senior World Championships. However, due to the restrictions on Russia for hosting World Championships in 2021–2022, Belgrade replaced the former city of Krasnoyarsk as the World Championships host for 2022. In addition, Russian and Belarusian athletes have been banned from 2022 World Championships.
Devipuram
Devipuram is a Hindu temple complex located near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Belonging primarily to the Shakta school of Hinduism, it is dedicated to the goddess Sahasrakshi (lit., "she who has a infinite eyes", a form of Lalita Tripurasundari or Parvati), and her consort Kameshwara (a form of Shiva).

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a research Institute under the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India. It is a public deemed university located at Navy Nagar, Colaba in Mumbai. It also has centres in Bangalore, Pune and Hyderabad. TIFR conducts research primarily in the natural sciences, the biological sciences and theoretical computer science.
KTM Class 22
The KTM Class 22 is a class of mainline diesel electric locomotives designed and equipped by English Electric-AEI Traction, with construction by Metro-Cammell, for operations by Keretapi Tanah Melayu in Malaysia.

Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
WCHW-FM
WCHW-FM (91.3 FM) is a high school radio station. Licensed to Bay City, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1973.  The station broadcasts in mono.  It broadcasts from a 124-foot antenna located at Central High School on Columbus Avenue in the east side of Bay City.

Programming on WCHW, generally an Album Oriented Rock format, is shared by students at Bay City Central High School and Bay City Western High School during the day on days when school is in session especially between the times of 9-10am. During nighttime hours, weekends and student holidays, programming from North Carolina's WCPE-FM can be heard instead.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Gasotransmitter
Gasotransmitters is a class of neurotransmitters. The molecules are distinguished from other bioactive endogenous gaseous signaling molecules based on a need to meet distinct characterization criteria. Currently, only nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide are accepted as gasotransmitters. According to in vitro models, gasotransmitters, like other gaseous signaling molecules, may bind to gasoreceptors and trigger signaling in the cells.

The name gasotransmitter is not intended to suggest a gaseous physical state such as infinitesimally small gas bubbles; the physical state is dissolution in complex body fluids and cytosol. These particular gases share many common features in their production and function but carry on their tasks in unique ways which differ from classical signaling molecules.

Nitrosation and nitrosylation
Nitrosation and nitrosylation are two names for the process of converting organic compounds or metal complexes into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R−NO functionality.  The synonymy arises because the R-NO functionality can be interpreted two different ways, depending on the physico-chemical environment:

Nitrosylation interprets the process as adding a nitrosyl radical NO•.  Nitrosylation commonly occurs in the context of a metal (e.g. iron) or a thiol, leading to nitrosyl iron Fe−NO (e.g., in nitrosylated heme = nitrosylheme) or S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).

Nitrosation interprets the process as adding a nitrosonium ion NO+.  Nitrosation commonly occurs with amines (–NH2), leading to a nitrosamine.

There are multiple chemical mechanisms by which this can be achieved, including enzymes and chemical synthesis.
2003 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2003 Italian Open (also known as 2003 Rome Masters or its sponsored title 2003 Telecom Italia Masters) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 60th edition of the Italian Open and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 2003 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy. The men's tournament was played from 5 May through 11 May 2003 while the women's tournament was played from May 12 through May 18, 2003.

Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.
Maude E. Callen
Maude E. Callen (November 8, 1898 in Quincy, Florida – January 23, 1990 in Pineville, South Carolina) was a nurse-midwife in the South Carolina Lowcountry for over 60 years. Her work was brought to national attention in W. Eugene Smith's photo essay "Nurse Midwife," published in Life on December 3, 1951.

Berkeley County, South Carolina
Berkeley County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 229,861. Its county seat is Moncks Corner, and the largest community is Goose Creek.

After two previous incarnations of Berkeley County, the current county was created in 1882. Berkeley County is included in the Charleston, South Carolina metropolitan area.
Bajrang Lal Takhar
Bajrang Lal Takhar (born 5 January 1981) is a retired Indian rower and coach. He is the first Indian to win an individual gold medal in rowing at the Asian Games. Previously, he won a silver medal at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha. Takhar represented India at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, competing in the men’s single sculls. He has also won multiple gold medals at the South Asian Games and the Asian Championships.

A retired Naib Subedar in the Rajputana Rifles regiment of the Indian Army, Takhar was honored with the Arjuna Award in 2008 and the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian award, in 2013. He has coached notable rowers, including Balraj Panwar and Arjun Lal Jat.

Chongju
Chŏngju (Korean pronunciation: [tsʌŋ.dzu]; also Jŏngju) is a si, or city, in southern North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. Prior to 1994, it was designated as a kun or county. The terrain is mostly level, but mountainous in the north. To the south lies the Chongju Plain, where the hills do not rise above 200 metres (660 ft). Chŏngju also includes approximately 10 islands in the Yellow Sea.
Zyras collaris
Zyras collaris is a species of aleocharinae rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. The species is widespread in Europe, extending into parts of West Asia (Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran) and North Africa (Algeria).

Aleocharinae
The Aleocharinae are one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles, containing over 12,000 species. Previously subject to large-scale debate whether the subfamily deserved the familial status, it is now considered one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles.
Realized eschatology
Realized eschatology is a Christian eschatological theory popularised by J.A.T. Robinson, Joachim Jeremias, Ethelbert Stauffer (1902–1979), and C. H. Dodd (1884–1973) that holds that the eschatological passages in the New Testament do not refer to the future, but instead refer to the ministry of Jesus and his lasting legacy.: 60  Eschatology is therefore not the end of the world but its rebirth instituted by Jesus and continued by his disciples, a historical (rather than transhistorical) phenomenon. Those holding this view generally dismiss eschatology theories, believing them to be irrelevant; they hold that what Jesus said and did, and told his disciples to do likewise, are of greater significance than any messianic expectations. Realized eschatology is contrasted with consistent eschatology. The two concepts have been combined in inaugurated eschatology.

Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.
Korean War Veterans Plaza
Korean War Veterans Plaza is a memorial plaza in Brooklyn, New York City, at Fulton and Tillary streets (Cadman Plaza). The plaza features a gate and flagstaff, cast in 1992 and dedicated on November 11 (Veterans Day) of that year. The park is named in honor of the Brooklyn military personnel who served in the Korean War.

Fulton Street (Brooklyn)
Fulton Street is a long east–west street in northern Brooklyn, New York City. This street begins at the intersection of Adams Street and Joralemon Street in Brooklyn Heights, and runs eastward to East New York and Cypress Hills. At the border with Queens, Fulton Street becomes 91st Avenue, which ends at 84th Street in Woodhaven.
Razakars (Pakistan)
The Razakars (Urdu: رضا کار Bengali: রাজাকার, lit. 'Volunteer') were a gendarmerie and paramilitary force in East Pakistan organised by General Tikka Khan in 1971. They were organised as a counter-insurgency force to fight Mukti Bahini members in the Bangladesh War of Independence, and played an infamous role in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. The Razakars were disbanded following Pakistan's defeat and surrender in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.

Persecution of Buddhists
Many adherents of Buddhism have experienced religious persecution because of their adherence to the Buddhist practice, including unwarranted arrests, imprisonment, beating, torture, and/or execution. The term also may be used in reference to the confiscation or destruction of property, temples, monasteries, centers of learning, meditation centers, historical sites, or the incitement of hatred towards Buddhists.
American Dreamer (2022 film)
American Dreamer is a 2022 American black comedy film directed by Paul Dektor and written by Theodore Melfi. Based on a segment from the radio show This American Life, it stars Peter Dinklage as a professor who tries to buy the estate of a lonely widow played by Shirley MacLaine. Kim Quinn, Danny Pudi, Danny Glover, and Matt Dillon also star.

The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on June 11, 2022. It was released in the United States on March 8, 2024.

This American Life
This American Life is a weekly hour-long American radio program produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media and hosted by Ira Glass. It is broadcast on numerous public radio stations in the United States and internationally, and is also available as a free weekly podcast. Primarily a journalistic non-fiction program, it has also featured essays, memoirs, field recordings, short fiction, and found footage. The first episode aired on November 17, 1995, under the show's original title, Your Radio Playhouse. The series was distributed by Public Radio International until June 2014, when the program became self-distributed with Public Radio Exchange delivering new episodes to public radio stations.

A television adaptation of the show ran for two seasons on the Showtime cable network between June 2007 and May 2008.
1954 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1954 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at St. Louis Public Schools Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri, and it took place 18–19 June. The women's meet was held separately at Fager Field in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on 30-31 July. The women's pentathlon was held on 9 October in Cleveland, Ohio.

The men's championships were described as hot and humid with little wind. In the women's competition, the shot put weight was changed from 8 pounds (3.6 kg) to the international standard 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) for the first time.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Papau
Papau is one of 22 islands in the Aitutaki atoll of the Cook Islands. It is located on the eastern perimeter of Aitutaki Lagoon, four kilometres to the east of the main island of Aitutaki. The island is 400m long and 200m wide.

Aitutaki
Aitutaki, also traditionally known as Araʻura and Utataki, is the second most-populated island in the Cook Islands, after Rarotonga. It is an "almost atoll", with fifteen islets in a lagoon adjacent to the main island. Total land area is 18.05 km2 (6.97 sq mi), and the lagoon has an area of between 50 and 74 km2 (19 and 29 sq mi). A major tourist destination, Aitutaki is the second most visited island of the Cook Islands archipelago.

Aitutaki had a population of 1,782 in 2021. The main village is Arutanga (Arutunga) on the west side.
Cyperochloeae
Cyperochloeae is a small tribe of grasses in the Panicoideae subfamily, found in Australia. It has only two species in two monotypic genera, Cyperochloa and Spartochloa. Cyperochloeae is sister to the tribe Thysanolaeneae. These two tribes, together with the Centotheceae, Steyermarkochloeae, Tristachyideae, Zeugiteae, and Chasmanthieae, form a monophyletic clade that is sister to the rest of the Panicoideae. They use the C3 photosynthetic pathway.

Spartochloa
Spartochloa is a genus of Australian plants in the grass family. The only known species is  Spartochloa scirpoidea, found only in the southern part of Western Australia.

The species was first described by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in 1854 as Bryzopyrum scirpoideum.
2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League season was the 24th since its establishment. The competition commenced on 25 July when Metalurh Donetsk hosted Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk in Lviv. Due to the war in Donbas, the league reduced the number of teams.

2015–16 UEFA Europa League
The 2015–16 UEFA Europa League was the 45th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League.

The final was played between Liverpool and Sevilla at the St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland, and won by Sevilla, their fifth title (extending their own record) and third win in a row (also a tournament record).

Sevilla initially started the 2015–16 European club season in the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, but qualified for the Europa League by finishing third in the Champions League group stage, and successfully defended their title. As the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, they qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup.