hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Legion Memorial Bridge (Potomac River)
The American Legion Memorial Bridge, also known as the American Legion Bridge and formerly as the Cabin John Bridge, is a bridge carrying Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway) across the Potomac River between Montgomery County, Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia in the United States. It is an American Water Landmark. Plummers Island is located immediately downstream of the bridge.

The bridge has five traffic lanes in each direction. The outermost lane in each direction is an entrance/exit-only lane for traffic to/from the Clara Barton Parkway in Maryland and the George Washington Memorial Parkway and Georgetown Pike (State Route 193) in Virginia. There are no facilities for pedestrians or cyclists, which are prohibited.

Virginia State Route 193
State Route 193 (SR 193) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Georgetown Pike, the state highway runs 11.79 mi (18.97 km) from SR 7 in Dranesville east to SR 123 in Langley.  SR 193 passes through Great Falls and meets Interstate 495 (I-495) in McLean.  The state highway was designated the first Virginia Byway for its scenic value in 1974.
Progressive and Popular Revolution
The Progressive and Popular Revolution is a social and political revolution in Burkina Faso that was started by Burkinabe President Ibrahim Traoré, the current leader of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, the official name of the ruling military junta of Burkina Faso. The Progressive and Popular Revolution is named after the Democratic and Popular revolution, a name given to the Revolution and social upheaval of the Sankarist era by Thomas Sankara. According to Traoré and supporters, the Progressive and Popular Revolution seeks to build a Pan-African coalition to combat what its supporters call French Neo-Colonialism and Imperialism. It places emphasis on connecting with the Sankara era of Burkina Faso. Its main ideological futures are nationalism and a state-led economy.

Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration
The Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (PMSR) has been the ruling military junta of Burkina Faso since the January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état. Originally it was led by Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, but he was overthrown by dissatisfied junta members during the September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état. In his place, Capt. Ibrahim Traoré was installed as the leading figure. Aside from Traoré and Sorgho (the group's official spokesperson), other MPSR members are not known to the public.
2017 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 2017.

That year the first German television drama series were produced for Amazon Prime Video (You Are Wanted) and Netflix (Dark), which was said to have ”changed the nature of TV” in the country.

Maya the Bee (TV series)
Maya the Bee is an animated television series produced by Studio 100 Animation in association with ZDF for Germany and TF1 for France. It is based on the character Maya the Bee introduced in 1912. This is the second animated adaptation focused on the character, after the anime Maya the Honey Bee that aired in the 1970s.
Marriage Pact
The Marriage Pact is an annual matchmaking activity that takes place on American college campuses, by which students fill out compatibility surveys in order to find a partner among fellow participants, who they agree will be their backup "safety" spouse in the future in case they are then unmarried.

Matchmaking
Matchmaking is the process of pairing two or more people together, usually for the purpose of marriage, in which case the intermediary or matchmaker is also known as a marriage broker. Matchmaking may be done as a profession for a fee or it may be done by clergy.

The term is also used in the context of other analogous pairing activities, such as with sporting events such as boxing, in business, online video games and in pairing organ donors.
Argyle, Guysborough County, Nova Scotia
Argyle is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Saint Mary's in Guysborough County. The name of the community is of Scottish origin and is attributed to the early settler Duncan McIntosh, who immigrated to Nova Scotia from Scotland in 1843. He brought with him four sons and three daughters. A schoolhouse was built in Argyle sometime before 1865.

Municipality of the District of St. Mary's
St. Mary's, officially named the Municipality of the District of St. Mary's, is a district municipality in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The district municipality occupies the western half of the county and its administrative seat is in the village of Sherbrooke.
Youth voice
Youth voice refers to the distinct ideas, opinions, attitudes, knowledge, and actions of young people as a collective body. The term youth voice often groups together a diversity of perspectives and experiences, regardless of backgrounds, identities, and cultural differences. It is frequently associated with the successful application of a variety of youth development activities, including service learning, youth research, and leadership training. Additional research has shown that engaging youth voice is an essential element of effective organizational development among community and youth-serving organizations.

Student voice
Student voice is the individual and collective perspective and actions of students within the context of learning and education. It is identified in schools as both a metaphorical practice and as a pragmatic concern. Tech educator Dennis Harper noted that student voice gives students "the ability to influence learning to include policies, programs, contexts and principles."
Japan-Netherlands Institute
The Japan-Netherlands Institute (日蘭学会) was a research institute founded in 1975 to carry out research on historical Dutch-Japanese relations and to foster and promote modern academic and cultural exchange. In 1986, they received the Japan Foundation's special prize for contributions to cultural exchange and mutual understanding between Japan and other countries.

The Japan-Netherlands Institute was dissolved in 2013, and many of its activities have since been continued by the Leiden University Office Tokyo.

Rangaku
Rangaku (Kyūjitai: 蘭學, English: Dutch learning), and by extension Yōgaku (Japanese: 洋学; "Western learning"), is a body of knowledge developed by Japan through its contacts with the Dutch enclave of Dejima, which allowed Japan to keep abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners from 1641 to 1853 because of the Tokugawa shogunate's policy of national isolation (sa'koku).

Through Rangaku, some people in Japan learned many aspects of the scientific and technological revolution occurring in Europe at that time, helping the country build up the beginnings of a theoretical and technological scientific base, which helps to explain Japan's success in its radical and speedy modernization following the forced American opening of the country to foreign trade in 1854.
Notharchus
Notharchus is a genus of puffbird in the Bucconidae family.

The genus was introduced by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine in 1863. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-necked puffbird (Notharchus hyperrhynchus) by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1882. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek nōthēs meaning "sluggish" and arkhos meaning "leader" or "chief".

The genus contains six species:

White-necked puffbird
The white-necked puffbird (Notharchus hyperrhynchus) is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Mark Nordlicht
Mark (Meir) Nordlicht (born 1968) is the founder and former chief investment officer of (now defunct) Platinum Partners, a U.S. based hedge fund, which came to be known for its investment strategies becoming the subject of a series of controversial and legal actions. In a high-profile case, Nordlicht asserted that government prosecutors leaked that he ran a “Ponzi scheme”, a notion rejected by the court. Nordlicht was convicted of securities fraud.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
Reveal (carpentry)
In carpentry, a reveal is a feature resembling a rabbet, but constructed of separate pieces of wood. A reveal may typically be seen at the edge of a door or window, where the face molding is set back, often by a distance from 3⁄16 in (4.8 mm) to 1⁄2 in (13 mm).  (This noun is unrelated to the verb reveal but is from the obsolete verb revale 'to lower, bring down,' which is related to vale and valley.)

A "tight reveal" is where the distance to the edge of the casing is kept as small as possible, to give a smoother, more consistent look, often thought to be more contemporary. This is often achieved on a cabinet door by notching out the area of the door where the hinge mounts.

Rabbet
A rabbet (American English) or rebate (British English) is a recess or groove cut into the edge of a piece of machinable material, usually wood. When viewed in cross-section, a rabbet is two-sided and open to the edge or end of the surface into which it is cut.

An example of the use of a rabbet is in a glazing bar where it makes provision for the insertion of the pane of glass and putty. It may also accommodate the edge of the back panel of a cabinet . It is also used in door and casement window jambs, and for shiplap planking. In a picture frame the rabbet may hide uneven or poor edges of a painting and its support, while for graphic art and photographs protective glazing is used. A rabbet can be used to form a joint with another piece of wood (often containing a dado).

Rabbet joints are easy to construct, but are not as strong as some other joints. Nails and screws can be added to help increase the overall strength.
Napoli, New York
Napoli is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. It is located in the western half of the county, northwest of Salamanca. The only permanent community in the town is Napoli village, formerly "Napoli Corners". The population was 1,173 at the 2020 census.

The town's name presumably comes from Napoli, the Italian name of Naples, but is pronounced with a non-Italian pronunciation: /nəˈpoʊlaɪ/ nə-POH-ly, with a long "i" sound at the end (much like communities named Pulaski and Chili in other parts of the state).

Chili, New York
Chili (/ˈtʃaɪlaɪ/ CHY-ly) is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 29,123 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of the city of Rochester, established in 1822 from part of the town of Riga. North Chili was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Black Creek Park is one of many parks in Chili where visitors can make use of nature trails that run along the creek.
Mekelle offensive
The Mekelle offensive was a military campaign fought at the start of the Tigray War between the national armed forces of Ethiopia and the Tigray Region. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) launched an offensive aimed at seizing the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) controlled regional capital of Mekelle starting on 17 November 2020.

Fierce fighting occurred in the Wajirat district of Tigray between the ENDF and newly formed Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) as the military pushed towards the regional capital. The Ethiopian Air Force was heavily employed during the offensive, the use of drone strikes in particular, and after several weeks the TDF was routed into the mountains.

Mekelle itself came under air attack, and the city fell to the Ethiopian army on 28 November 2020, marking the end of the offensive. Despite their initial defeat, TDF fighters began organizing an insurgency soon after.

Encirclement
Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces. The situation is highly dangerous for the encircled force. At the strategic level, it cannot receive supplies or reinforcements, and on the tactical level, the units in the force can be subject to an attack from several sides. Lastly, since the force cannot retreat, unless it is relieved or can break out, it must fight to the death or surrender.

A special kind of encirclement is the siege. In that case, the encircled forces are enveloped in a fortified position in which long-lasting supplies and strong defences are in place, allowing them to withstand attacks. Sieges have taken place in almost all eras of warfare.
Bowuzhi
Bowuzhi (Chinese: 博物志; trans. "Records of Diverse Matters") by Zhang Hua (c. 290 CE) was a compendium of Chinese stories about natural wonders and marvelous phenomena. It quotes from many early Chinese classics, and diversely includes subject matter from Chinese mythology, history, geography, and folklore. The Bowuzhi, which is one of the first works in the literary genre of zhiguai "tales of anomalies; supernatural stories", records the earliest versions of several myths, such as the white yenü 野女 "wild women" living south of China in a society without men. Scholars have described the Bowuzhi as "a miscellany of scientific interest" and "an important minor classic".

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.
Long Beach Opera
Long Beach Opera is a Southern California opera company serving the greater Los Angeles and Orange County metroplex. Founded in 1979, it is the oldest continually running opera company in the L.A. area. In June 2019 LBO presented the world premiere of The Central Park Five, an opera by Anthony Davis with libretto by Richard Wesley, about the Central Park jogger case. The opera won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in May 2020.

Astor Piazzolla
Astor Pantaleón Piazzolla (Latin American Spanish: [asˈtoɾ pjaˈsola], Italian: [pjatˈtsɔlla]; March 11, 1921 – July 4, 1992) was an Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player, and arranger. His works revolutionized the traditional tango into a new style termed nuevo tango, incorporating elements from jazz and classical music. A virtuoso bandoneonist, he regularly performed his own compositions with a variety of ensembles.
In 1992, American music critic Stephen Holden described Piazzolla as "the world's foremost composer of Tango music".
TVS (Polish TV channel)
TVS (Television Silesia; Silesian: Telewizja Ślōnskŏ, German: Television Schlesien, Polish: Telewizja Śląska) is the first regional Silesia commercial DVB-T free-to-air television station with information and entertainment profile. The TVS television channel is directed mainly to the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship, covering the historical lands of Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland (including Dąbrowa and Kraków basins). The company and its television studios are headquartered at Grunwaldzki Square in Katowice in the Metropolis GZM. TVS was created as a competitor to the public service broadcaster TVP3 Katowice. TVS started broadcasting on 29 March 2008 at 10:00 am in 16:9 format.

TVP3 Katowice
TVP3 Katowice a.k.a. TV Katowice also Television Katowice is one of the regional branches of the TVP, Poland's public television broadcaster. It serves the entire Silesian Voivodeship with particular dedication to the Metropolis GZM and Katowice metropolitan area.
Chris Bacon (boxer)
Christopher Gerald Bacon (born 8 October 1969) is a British retired professional cruiserweight boxer and judoka born in Tasmania, Australia and residing in Manchester. During his professional boxing career he was trained by Bob Shannon, a long-time Manchester boxing coach. He is a former WBF European Super Cruiserweight Champion, former National Judo Champion, and Bronze medal winner at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. Bacon is former MMA fighter and also participated in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Cruiserweight (boxing)
Cruiserweight, also referred to as junior heavyweight, is a weight class in professional boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight. Before the advent of the current cruiserweight class, "light heavyweight" and "cruiserweight" were sometimes used interchangeably in the United Kingdom.
Rhododendron campylocarpum
Rhododendron campylocarpum is a rhododendron species. It is native to eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, southeastern Tibet, and southwestern China, where it grows at elevations of 3,000–4,000 m (9,800–13,100 ft). It is a shrub that grows to 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) in height, with leathery leaves that are suborbicular or ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4–8.5 cm (1.6–3.3 in) long by 2.5–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in) wide. Its flowers are yellow. It is placed in section Ponticum.

Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes
Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron, with a widespread distribution in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are evergreen shrubs and small to medium-sized trees (up to 20 m tall), with medium-sized to large leaves (very large, over 40 cm long, in a few species). The flowers are large, produced in terminal trusses of 5-40 together.

The subgenus includes two sections, Rhododendron sect. Ponticum, divided into 24 subsections and about 140 species, and (since 2005) Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera.
Non-renewable resource
A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter, with the aid of heat and pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions, nuclear decay or atmospheric escape).

Conversely, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) and wind (used to power energy conversion systems) are considered renewable resources, largely because their localized replenishment can also occur within our lifespans.

Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material that can undergo nuclear fission when struck by a neutron of low energy. A self-sustaining thermal chain reaction can only be achieved with fissile material. The predominant neutron energy in a system may be typified by either slow neutrons (i.e., a thermal system) or fast neutrons. Fissile material can be used to fuel thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors and nuclear explosives.
First Kumaraswamy ministry
H. D. Kumaraswamy ministry was the Council of Ministers in Karnataka, a state in South India headed by H. D. Kumaraswamy that was formed after the Dharam Singh ministry fell short of majority.

In the government headed by H. D. Kumaraswamy, the Chief Minister was from JD(S) while Deputy Chief Minister was from BJP. Apart from the CM & Deputy CM, there were other ministers in the government.

Dharam Singh ministry
Dharam Singh ministry was the Council of Ministers in Karnataka, a state in South India headed by Dharam Singh that was formed after the 2004 Karnataka elections.

In the government headed by Dharam Singh, the Chief Minister was from INC while Deputy Chief Minister was from JD(S). Apart from the CM & Deputy CM, there were other ministers in the government.
The Boo Crew
The Boo Crew (originally known as Thugaboo) is a series of children's animated television specials created by the Wayans Brothers. It was first aired on Nicktoons Network on August 11, 2006. Only two specials were released. As of the year of 2017, both specials have been uploaded on YouTube by Shawn Wayans on the channel titled "The Boo Crew TV", with the theme music omitted, as the series was simply re-titled "The Boo Crew".

The Wayans Bros.
The Wayans Bros. is an American sitcom television series that aired on The WB from January 11, 1995, to May 20, 1999. The series starred real life brothers Shawn and Marlon Wayans, comedian John Witherspoon, and Anna Maria Horsford (season 2 onward).
Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle
Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle (c.1710–1792, Paris) was a French priest, mathematician and inventor.

He contributed 270 articles to the Encyclopédie in the subjects of arithmetic and geometry. In June 1747 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.

He was the inventor of a primitive diving suit in 1775, which he called a "scaphandre" from the Greek words skaphe (boat) and andros (man) in his book Traité de la construction théorique et pratique du scaphandre ou du bateau de l'homme (Treatise on the theoretical and practical construction of the "Scaphandre" or human boat). The invention of the Abbé de la Chapelle consisted of a suit made of cork which allowed soldiers to float and swim in water. As the name and description suggest, it was more of a flotation suit than a diving suit.

Diving suit
A diving suit is a garment or device designed to protect a diver from the underwater environment. A diving suit may also incorporate a breathing gas supply (such as for a standard diving dress or atmospheric diving suit), but in most cases the term applies only to the environmental protective covering worn by the diver. The breathing gas supply is usually referred to separately. There is no generic term for the combination of suit and breathing apparatus alone. It is generally referred to as diving equipment or dive gear along with any other equipment necessary for the dive.

Diving suits can be divided into two classes: "soft" or ambient pressure diving suits – examples are wetsuits, dry suits, semi-dry suits and dive skins – and "hard" or atmospheric pressure diving suits, armored suits that keep the diver at atmospheric pressure at any depth within the operating range of the suit. Hot water suits are actively heated wetsuits.
Léon Werth
Léon Werth (French pronunciation: [leɔ̃ vɛʁt]; 17 February 1878 in Remiremont, Vosges – 13 December 1955 in Paris) was a French writer and art critic, a friend of Octave Mirbeau and a close friend and confidant of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.

Léon Werth wrote critically and with great precision on French society through World War I, colonization, and on French collaboration during World War II.

Jura Mountains
The Jura Mountains (/ˈdʒʊərə, ˈʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə) are a sub-alpine mountain range, a short distance north of the Western Alps, and mainly demarcate a long part of the French–Swiss border. While the Jura range proper ("folded Jura", Faltenjura) is located in France and Switzerland, the range continues northeastwards through northern Switzerland and Germany as the Table Jura ("not folded Jura", Tafeljura), which is crossed by the High Rhine.