hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British military rifles
The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor, the Brown Bess musket. While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly. The use of volley or mass firing by troops meant that the rate of fire took precedence over accuracy.

Beginning in the late 1830s, the superior performance of the new rifles led the British military to phase out the venerable .75 calibre Brown Bess musket in favour of smaller-calibre muzzle-loading rifles. Early rifles were non-standard and often used components from the Brown Bess, including locks and stocks adapted to new rifled barrels. It was not until the late 19th century that the rifle fully supplanted the musket as the weapon of the infantryman.

Colt Canada C7
The Colt Canada C7 is the Canadian military's adoption of Colt's Armalite AR-15 platform, manufactured by Colt Canada (formerly Diemaco), having similar design and function to the M16A3.

The C7 and its variants have been adopted as the standard-issue rifle by the militaries of Canada, Norway (special forces only), Denmark and the Netherlands. Following trials, C8 variants are general-issue firearms for the United Kingdom's Special Forces. The C8A1 is also the standard firearm of the Royal Netherlands Air Force and other specialist users within the Dutch and British militaries. It has been used in various combat deployments by Canadian, British, Norwegian, Dutch, and Danish forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Mali.
728C Naval Air Squadron
728C Naval Air Squadron (728C NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was active between January and October 1958 as the Amphibious Warfare Trials Unit. Equipped with four Westland Whirlwind HAS.22 helicopters, the squadron operated around the Mediterranean Basin before it was redesignated 848 Naval Air Squadron on achieving first line status.

RAF Hal Far
Royal Air Force Hal Far or more commonly RAF Hal Far is a former Royal Air Force station which was the first permanent airfield to be built on Malta. It was operated by the RAF from 1 April 1929 until 1946 when it was transferred and renamed to HMS Falcon, a Royal Navy stone frigate, and was used by Fleet Air Arm crews. It was transferred back to the RAF on 1 September 1965 and returned to the Maltese Government and redeveloped from January 1979. It is now closed and one of its runways is used by drag racing enthusiasts. The second runway is now a road leading to an industrial estate which was developed recently. The Maltese fire service, the CPD occupy the newer building with the glass control tower on the roof. The old Royal Naval Air Station building is now occupied by the International Safety Training College who utilise part of the runway for firefighting training.
Library of Congress Linked Data Service
The LC Linked Data Service is an initiative of the Library of Congress that publishes authority data as linked data.
It is commonly referred to by its URI: id.loc.gov.

The first offering of the LC Linked Data Service was the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) dataset, which was released in April 2009.

Linked data
In computing, linked data is structured data which is associated with ("linked" to) other data. Interlinking makes the data more useful through semantic queries. 
Tim Berners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), coined the term in a 2006 design note about the Semantic Web project.
Part of the vision of linked data is for the Internet to become a global database.

Linked data builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages and hyperlinks only for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers (machine readable).
Linked data may also be open data, in which case it is usually described as Linked Open Data.
Unital (geometry)
In geometry, a unital is a set of  points arranged into subsets of size n + 1 so that every pair of distinct points of the set are contained in exactly one subset. This is equivalent to saying that a unital is a 2-(n3 + 1, n + 1, 1) block design. Some unitals may be embedded in a projective plane of order n2 (the subsets of the design become sets of collinear points in the projective plane). In this case of embedded unitals, every line of the plane intersects the unital in either 1 or n + 1 points. In the Desarguesian planes, PG(2,q2), the classical examples of unitals are given by nondegenerate Hermitian curves. There are also many non-classical examples. The first and the only known unital with non prime power parameters, n=6, was constructed by Bhaskar Bagchi and Sunanda Bagchi. It is still unknown if this unital can be embedded in a projective plane of order 36, if such a plane exists.

Collinearity
In geometry, collinearity of a set of points is the property of their lying on a single line. A set of points with this property is said to be collinear (sometimes spelled as colinear). In greater generality, the term has been used for aligned objects, that is, things being "in a line" or "in a row".
Iwakiyama Shrine
Iwakiyama Shrine (岩木山神社, Iwakiyama jinja) is a Shintō shrine in the city of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It is the ichinomiya of former Tsugaru Domain. All of Mount Iwaki is considered to be a portion of the shrine.

The main festival of the shrine, the Oyama-sankei, features a parade from the shrine to the top of the mountain, and is held annually at the time of the autumn equinox. The pilgrims carry colorful banners and are accompanied by traditional drums and flutes

Hirosaki
Hirosaki (弘前市, Hirosaki-shi) is a city located in western Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2026, the city had an estimated population of 157,031 in 84,998 households, and a population density of 300 per square kilometre (780/sq mi). The total area of the city is 524.20 square kilometers (202.39 sq mi).

Hirosaki developed as a castle town for the 100,000 koku Hirosaki Domain ruled by the Tsugaru clan. The city is currently a regional commercial center, and the largest producer of apples in Japan.  The city government has been promoting the slogans "Apple Colored Town Hirosaki" and "Castle and Cherry Blossom and Apple Town" to promote the city image. The town is also noted for many western-style buildings dating from the Meiji period.
Ashbel Green (editor)
Ashbel Green (March 15, 1928 – September 18, 2012) was an American book editor. He was a senior editor and vice president at Alfred A. Knopf. He oversaw the publication of over 500 books including books by Gabriel García Márquez and Walter Cronkite's autobiography. He was "one of the finest history editors in all of American history…[and] helped make the Knopf imprint the most distinguished in the United States."

Joseph Ellis
Joseph John-Michael Ellis III (born July 18, 1943) is an American historian whose work focuses on the lives and times of the Founding Fathers of the United States.  His book American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson won a National Book Award in 1997 and Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation won the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for History. Both books were bestsellers.
R. B. J. Walker
R. B. J. "Rob" Walker (born 1947) is a professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Victoria, Canada, and PUC-Rio. He is the founding co-editor, with Didier Bigo, of the journal International Political Sociology, and long-term editor of the journal Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. With his colleague Warren Magnusson, he is a founding member of UVIC's interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cultural, Social and Political Thought. His work, while critical of international relations and political theory disciplines, addresses a broad range of problematics bound up with practices and theories of spatiotemporality, boundaries, and sovereignties.

International political sociology
International political sociology (IPS) is an interdisciplinary field and set of approaches at the crossroads of international relations theory and other disciplines such as sociology, geography and anthropology. It is structured around initiatives such as the journal International Political Sociology and the network Doingips, as well as scholars such as Didier Bigo, Anastassia Tsoukala, Ayse Ceyhan or Elspeth Guild.
Bois de Belle-Rivière Regional Park
The Bois de Belle-Rivière Regional Park (also referred to as: Bois-de-Belle-Rivière Regional Educational Park) is a regional park located in the city of Mirabel, in the administrative region of Basses-Laurentides, in Quebec, Canada.

This regional park is open year round.

Mirabel, Quebec
Mirabel (French pronunciation: [miʁabɛl]) is a suburb of Montreal, located on the North Shore in southern Quebec.

Mirabel is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Mirabel. Its geographical code is 74.  Prior to 2002, Mirabel was not only a city but also comprised the Mirabel Regional County Municipality.

The city is home to Montréal–Mirabel International Airport.
Piano Sonata Hob. XVI/52
The Piano Sonata in E♭ major, Hob. XVI/52, L. 62, was written in 1794 by Joseph Haydn. It is the last of Haydn's piano sonatas, and is widely considered his greatest. It has been the subject of extensive analysis by distinguished musicological personages such as Heinrich Schenker and Sir Donald Tovey, largely because of its expansive length, unusual harmonies and interesting development. The sonata is sometimes referred to as number 62 based on the numbering of Landon instead of the numbering of Hoboken.

Daniel Heartz
Daniel Heartz (October 5, 1928 – November 24, 2019) was an American musicologist and professor of music at the University of California, Berkeley.

Heartz studied at Harvard University. He lived in Berkeley, California.
2021 Potchefstroom Open II – Singles
This was the second of two editions of the tournament in the 2021 tennis season. Benjamin Bonzi was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Jenson Brooksby.

Brooksby won the title after defeating Teymuraz Gabashvili 2–6, 6–3, 6–0 in the final.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
Little Buade Lake
Little Buade Lake is a freshwater body of the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec in the western part of the Regional County Municipality (MRC) Le Domaine-du-Roy, in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean administrative region, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This lake straddles the townships of Buade and Ventadour.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector, followed by recreational tourism activities.

The forest road route 212 connecting Obedjiwan, Quebec and La Tuque passes south of Dubois Lake and Buade Lake (Normandin River). Other secondary forest roads serve the vicinity of the lake.

The surface of Little Buade Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, but safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Le Domaine-du-Roy Regional County Municipality
Le Domaine-du-Roy (French pronunciation: [lə dɔmɛn dy ʁwa], lit. 'The King's Domain') is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is in Roberval, and it is named for the King of France, who owned the land at the time of the colonization of Quebec.
Speedway World Championship Competitions
There are annual world championship events in the sport of motorcycle speedway for individual riders - the Speedway Grand Prix - and for national teams - the Speedway World Cup. Each has a counterpart for riders under 21: the Speedway World Under 21 Championship and the Team Speedway Junior World Championship. A pairs event, the Speedway World Pairs Championship, ran until 1993.

In addition there are two Ice Speedway World Championships for individuals and teams. The first Ice World Championships were held in 1966.

Another form of speedway on larger tracks takes place called Longtrack and there is a World Championship called the Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship. Since 1998 it has been a combination of grasstrack and longtrack

Speedway World Cup
The Speedway World Cup is a motorcycle speedway event for national teams held in different countries. The first edition of the competition in the current format was held in 2001 and replaced the old World Team Cup which ran from 1960 until 2000. The competition was held annually until 2017 when it was replaced by the Speedway of Nations pairs event. The Speedway World Cup returned in 2023 and will be held every three years.
Nansensgade
Nansensgade is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, linking Gyldenløvesgade in the southwest with Gothersgade in the northeast. The street is known for its abundance of cafés and trendy shops, and plays host to an annual street festival. Charlotte Ammundsens Plads, located in front of the local community centre, is an urban space which connects Nansensgade to Nørre Søgade

Gothersgade
Gothersgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkoˀtɐsˌkɛːðə]; see below) is a major street in the City Centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends from Kongens Nytorv to Sortedam Lake, passing Rosenborg Castle and Gardens, Nørreport Station and Copenhagen Botanic Gardens on the way.

Every day at 11:30 am, the Royal Life Guards, who are based at Rosenborg Barracks, depart from Rosenborg Eksercerplads and march down Gothersgade and up Bredgade for the ceremonial changing of the guard at 12 noon at Amalienborg Palace Square.
LandLords
LandLords is a fantasy play-by-mail game that was published by Quest Computer Services, beginning in 1984. The game was a computer moderated, closed-end game with the goal to retrieve treasures from castles in a medieval setting. The game received generally positive reviews in periodicals of the period, with specific mentions of its combat, maps, and low error rates on turn sheets.

The Space Gamer
The Space Gamer was a magazine dedicated to the subject of science fiction and fantasy board games and tabletop role-playing games. It quickly grew in importance and was an important and influential magazine in its subject matter from the late 1970s through the mid-1980s. The magazine is no longer published, but the rights holders maintain a web presence using its final title Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer.
Year 8
Year 8 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the eighth or ninth year of compulsory education. It is known as First Year in Scotland and Ireland. Children in this year are between 12 and 13. This is generally equivalent to Seventh grade in the United States.

Seventh grade
Seventh grade (also 7th grade or Grade 7) is the seventh year of formal or compulsory education in the USA. The seventh grade is typically the first or second year of middle school. In the United States, kids in seventh grade are usually around 12–13 years old. It is the eighth school year since kindergarten. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Federico Fazio
Federico Julián Fazio (born 17 March 1987) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

Fazio began his career at Ferro Carril Oeste, signing for Sevilla in 2007. He made 204 official appearances for the latter club in nine years and scored 15 goals, joining Tottenham Hotspur in August 2014 and subsequently returning to Sevilla on loan; in August 2016, he moved to the Italian Serie A with Roma.

Fazio made his debut for Argentina in 2011, and represented the country at the 2018 World Cup.

2006–07 Segunda División B
The Segunda División B 2006–07 season was the 30th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 27 August 2006, and the season ended on 24 June 2007 with the promotion play-off finals.
Ovens Murray
The Ovens Murray subregion is part of the Hume region in north eastern Victoria. 
It includes the municipalities of Alpine Shire, City of Wodonga, Rural City of Benalla, Rural City of Wangaratta, Shire of Indigo, Shire of Mansfield, Shire of Towong.

Ovens-Murray is commonly used to refer to sporting bodies and recreational activities associated with the area, such as Australian rules football and swimming.

Rural City of Wangaratta
The Rural City of Wangaratta is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 3,645 square kilometres (1,407 sq mi) and, in August 2021, had a population of 29,808. It includes the towns of Cheshunt, Eldorado, Everton, Glenrowan, Greta, Greta West, Milawa, Moyhu, Oxley, Tarrawingee, Wangaratta and Whitfield. When formed the municipality was originally called the Shire of Milawa, but a few months later, was renamed to its current name.

The Rural City is governed and administered by the Wangaratta Rural City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Wangaratta. The Rural City is named after the main urban settlement located in the north of the LGA, that is Wangaratta, which is also the LGA's most populous urban centre with a population of around 18,500.
Erzurum Castle
The Erzurum Castle is a 5th century fortification located in Erzurum, Turkey. It is a monument of cultural heritage and is the oldest site in the city. The castle is located at the traditional center of the city and is near other monuments such as the Çifte Minareli Medrese.

Çifte Minareli Medrese, Erzurum
Twin Minaret Medrese (Persian: مدرسه اسلامی جفت مناره) is an architectural monument of the late Seljuk period in Erzurum City, Erzurum Province, Turkey. Built as a theological school a few years before 1265, it takes its name, Twin Minaret Madrasa, from the two fluted minarets that crown the monumental façade.
Raid on the Suez Canal
The raid on the Suez Canal, also known as actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman force advanced from southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, marking the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine campaign (1915–1918) of World War I (1914–1918).

Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, and a few managed to cross the Canal. The primary objective of the Ottoman forces was not to capture British Egypt, but to seize the Suez Canal. Capturing this strategically vital channel would cut British communications with East Africa, India and Asia, and prevent British Empire troops from reaching the Mediterranean Sea and Europe. The Ottoman attack was a failure with the loss of nearly 2,000 troops.

Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)
The Fourth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Dördüncü Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle nineteenth century, during Ottoman military reforms.

The army did not survive the WWI battles in Palestine and Syria.
Pacific University Health Professions Campus
The Pacific University Health Professions Campus is a satellite campus of Pacific University located in downtown Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Opened in 2006, the campus contains the school's College of Health Professions with plans to move Pacific's College of Optometry and School of Professional Psychology in later phases. Housed in two brick buildings, the campus is located in the city's Health and Education District and adjacent to the Hillsboro Health District light rail station. The campus of Tuality Community Hospital is across Baseline Street to the south.

Pacific University
Pacific University is a private university in Forest Grove, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1849 as the Tualatin Academy, the original Forest Grove campus is 23 miles (37 km) west of Portland. The school maintains one other campus, in Hillsboro, and an office in Portland, and has an enrollment of more than 3,000 students. The university has Oregon's only optometry school, and offers doctorates in 14 programs. Pacific competes in NCAA Division III as part of the Northwest Conference, with its teams known as the Boxers.
1989 Norwegian Second Division
The 1989 2. divisjon was a Norwegian second-tier football league season. The league was contested by 24 teams, divided into two groups; A and B. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1990 Tippeligaen.

The second placed teams met the 10th position finisher in the 1. divisjon in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to Tippeligaen. The bottom three teams inn both groups were relegated to the 3. divisjon.

1989 Norwegian First Division
The 1989 1. divisjon was the 45th completed season of top division football in Norway. The season began on 30 April 1989, and ended on 8 October 1989.

22 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number eleven and twelve were relegated. The winners of the two groups of the 2. divisjon were promoted, as well as the winner of a series of play-off matches between the two second placed teams in the two groups of the 2. divisjon and number ten in the 1. divisjon.

This was the last season the top flight of Norwegian football would be called the 1. divisjon. The following year, the league changed its name to Tippeligaen, from its sponsor, Norsk Tipping.
Paula Doepfner
Paula Doepfner

Paula Doepfner (born in Berlin - July 1980) is a contemporary artist. Her work includes text-based drawings, performances, and objects made of ice, organic matter, and damaged armored glass. She lives and works in Berlin.

Konrad Adenauer Foundation
The Konrad Adenauer Foundation (German: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.; Abbreviation: KAS) is a German political party foundation associated with but independent of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The foundation's headquarters are located in Sankt Augustin near Bonn, as well as in Berlin. Globally, the KAS has 111 foreign offices and runs programs in over 100 countries. Its current chairwoman is Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, a former Federal Minister of Defence and Minister-President of Saarland. It is a member of the Martens Centre, the official foundation and think tank of the European People's Party (EPP). In 2020, it ranked 15th amongst think tanks globally.

In August 2024, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation was declared an undesirable organization in Russia.

In November 2024, the Center for Studies in Social Sciences Research (CERSS) in Morocco terminated its partnership with KAS due to a politics-based disagreement.