hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Superalgebra
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z2-graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading.

The prefix super- comes from the theory of supersymmetry in theoretical physics. Superalgebras and their representations, supermodules, provide an algebraic framework for formulating supersymmetry. The study of such objects is sometimes called super linear algebra. Superalgebras also play an important role in related field of supergeometry where they enter into the definitions of graded manifolds, supermanifolds and superschemes.

Algebra representation
In abstract algebra, a representation of an associative algebra is a module for that algebra. Here an associative algebra is a (not necessarily unital) ring. If the algebra is not unital, it may be made so in a standard way (see the adjoint functors page); there is no essential difference between modules for the resulting unital ring, in which the identity acts by the identity mapping, and representations of the algebra.
River lapwing
The river lapwing (Vanellus duvaucelii) is a lapwing species which breeds from the Indian subcontinent eastwards to Southeast Asia.  It range includes much of northern and northeastern India, and extends through Southeast Asia to Vietnam. It appears to be entirely sedentary. Formerly also called spur-winged lapwing, this name is better reserved for one of the "spur-winged plovers" of old, Vanellus spinosus of Africa, whose scientific name it literally translates. The masked lapwing of Australasia was at one time also called "spur-winged plover" (and still is in New Zealand), completing the name confusion.

This species resembles the closely related spur-winged lapwing of Africa, and has sometimes been considered conspecific. The species name commemorates Alfred Duvaucel.

Masked lapwing
The masked lapwing (Vanellus miles) is a large, common and conspicuous bird native to Australia (particularly the northern and eastern parts of the continent), New Zealand and New Guinea. It spends most of its time on the ground searching for food such as insects and worms, and has several distinctive calls. It is common in Australian fields and open land, and is known for its defensive swooping behaviour during the nesting season.

Despite the species being also known as the masked plover and often called the spur-winged plover or just plover in its native range, lapwings are classified to their own subfamily, Vanellinae, and not to the closely related plover subfamily, Charadriinae. There are two subspecies: the nominate subspecies and the southern novaehollandiae. The latter has distinctive black markings on the shoulder and side of the chest, and is sometimes recognized as a separate species: the black-shouldered lapwing (Vanellus novaehollandiae).
B. B. Lyngdoh
Brington Buhai Lyngdoh or B. B. Lyngdoh (2 February 1922 – 27 October 2003) was an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He was a prominent leader in the movement for a separate state for the tribal people of the hills of the Assam. He was the third Chief Minister of Meghalaya, and served four incomplete terms between 1979 and 2000. He is often referred to as the 'Father of coalition politics' in the state.

Chief Minister of Meghalaya
The chief minister of Meghalaya is the chief executive of the Indian state of Meghalaya. As per the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers is collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. Chief Minister also serves as Leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly.

Since 1970, twelve people have served as chief minister of Meghalaya. Six of these belonged to the Indian National Congress, including the inaugural officeholder Williamson A. Sangma. The current incumbent is Conrad Sangma of the National People's Party since 6 March 2018.
Duma
A duma (Russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

The term boyar duma is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia.

The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason. Nicholas dismissed the First State Duma (1906) within 75 days;   elections for a second Duma took place the following year. The Russian Provisional Government dissolved the last Imperial State Duma (the fourth Duma) in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

Since 1993, the State Duma (Государственная дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma) has functioned as the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation.

State Duma (Russian Empire)
The State Duma, also known as the Imperial Duma, was the lower house of the legislature in the Russian Empire, while the upper house was the State Council. It held its meetings in the Tauride Palace in Saint Petersburg. It convened four times between 27 April 1906 and the collapse of the empire in February 1917. The first and the second dumas were more democratic and represented a greater number of nationalities and groups than their successors. The third duma was dominated by gentry, landowners, and businessmen. The fourth duma held five sessions; it existed until 2 March 1917, and was formally dissolved on 6 October 1917.
Mona Douglas
Mona Douglas MBE RBV (18 September 1898 – 8 October 1987) was a Manx cultural activist, folklorist, poet, novelist and journalist. She is recognised as the main driving force behind the modern revival of Manx culture and is acknowledged as the most influential Manx poet of the 20th century, but she is best known for her often controversial work to preserve and revive traditional Manx folk music and dance. She was involved in a great number of initiatives to revive interest and activity in Manx culture, including societies, classes, publications and youth groups. The most notable and successful of these was Yn Chruinnaght.

Gorsedd Cymru
Gorsedd Cymru (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡɔrsɛð ˈkəmrɨ, -ri]), or simply the Gorsedd (Welsh: yr Orsedd), is a society of Welsh-language poets, writers, musicians and others who have contributed to the Welsh language and to public life in Wales. Its aim is to honour such individuals and help develop and promote their fields in addition to maintaining relationships with other Celtic nations and Y Wladfa in Patagonia. The Gorsedd is most prominent at the National Eisteddfod of Wales where it is responsible for the main ceremonies held.
Sanctuary Point
Sanctuary Point is a town in New South Wales, Australia, under the jurisdiction of the City of Shoalhaven, on the shores of St Georges Basin.  It is roughly 25 km south of Nowra, and approximately 200 km south of Sydney. At the 2021 census, the population of Sanctuary Point was 7,874.

Originally known as Redhead Point, Sanctuary Point was officially named on 24 December 1969.

City of Shoalhaven
The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Sydney. The Princes Highway passes through the area, and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section, terminating at Bomaderry. At the 2021 census, the population was 108,531.
Nicolaas Frederic de Waal
Sir Nicolaas Frederic de Waal KCMG (8 July 1853 – 5 April 1932) was the first Administrator of the Cape Province in South Africa. He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands and arrived in South Africa in 1880 where he settled in Middelburg and opened a law practice. He became a leading figure in the Afrikaner Bond and in 1898 became a member of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1908, he became Colonial Secretary in the cabinet of Prime Minister John X. Merriman.

After the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, De Waal became the Administrator of the Cape Province until his retirement in 1926. As Administrator, he initiated the construction of a high-level road linking the city to the Southern Suburbs, known until 2017 as De Waal Drive. He also initiated the construction of Chapman's Peak Drive between Hout Bay and Noordhoek, a major engineering challenge.

De Waal served as Chief Scout for the Boy Scouts Association in the Cape Province between 1912 and 1926.

John X. Merriman
John Xavier Merriman (15 March 1841 – 1 August 1926) was a South African politician who served as the eleventh Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1908 to 1910. He was the last prime minister of the Cape Colony before the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. During his political career he became the longest-serving member of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope, serving a total of 42 years as member of Aliwal North, Wodehouse, Namaqualand, and Victoria West between 1869 and 1910.
Silver Lake (Serbia)
Silver Lake or Srebrno Lake (Serbian: Сребрно језеро / Srebrno jezero, lit. 'Silver Lake') is an oxbow lake along the right Danube bank in the Braničevo region in eastern Serbia, near the town of Veliko Gradište. It is a popular tourist resort.

Braničevo District
The Braničevo District (Serbian: Браничевски округ, romanized: Braničevski okrug, pronounced [brǎnitʃɛv̞skiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 156,367 inhabitants. Braničevo District is named after the village of Braničevo. The administrative center of the district is Požarevac.
Lyonetia anthemopa
Lyonetia anthemopa is a moth in the  family Lyonetiidae. It is known from Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Yakushima) and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 5–8 mm. There are four generations per year in Japan.

The larvae feed on Pyracantha angustifolia, Pyracantha crenurata, Rhapiolepis umbellata and Photinia taiwanensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Lyonetiidae
Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed apices noticeably up- or down-turned. The larvae are leaf miners.

The families Bucculatricidae and Bedelliidae are sometimes considered subfamilies of Lyonetiidae.
Poultney (town), Vermont
Poultney is a town in Rutland County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. New York state is on its western border. Castleton, Vermont, is on its northern border. Poultney was home to Green Mountain College, a private liberal arts college that closed in 2019. The Village of Poultney is entirely within the town. The town population was 3,020 at the 2020 census.

Poultney was charted on September 21, 1761, named for William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, a British politician and orator. Bath was the founder of the political faction known as the Patriot Whigs, in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole.

Patriot Whigs
The Patriot Whigs,  later the Patriot Party, were a group within the Whig Party in Great Britain from 1725 to 1803. The group was formed in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole in the House of Commons in 1725, when William Pulteney (later 1st Earl of Bath) and seventeen other Whigs joined with the Tory Party in attacks against the ministry. By the mid-1730s, there were over one hundred opposition Whigs in the Commons, many of whom embraced the Patriot label. For many years, they provided a more effective opposition to the Walpole administration than the Tories were.
Bad Salzelmen
Bad Salzelmen has been a district of Schönebeck (Elbe) since 1932 and is a state-approved spa in the Salzlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was founded in 1894 when the town of Groß Salze absorbed the neighbouring town of Elmen. The town was renamed to Bad Salzelmen in 1926.

Salzlandkreis
Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.
Graham Maitland
Graham Macdowall Maitland (20 May 1879 – 1 November 1914) was an English rower who won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta.

Maitland was born at Kirkcudbright, the third son of David Maitland of Cumstoun, Kirkcudbright. He was educated at Marlborough College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a member of the Pitt Club. In 1900 Maitland won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta with Claude Goldie. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1901.

Maitland was called to the Bar at Inner Temple in July 1905. He spent some time surveying in British Columbia. In the First World War, he was a 2nd lieutenant in the Irish Guards and was mentioned in despatches. He was killed in action at Klein Zillebeke, Flanders.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
Kelvin Yeboah
Kelvin Kwarteng Yeboah (born 6 May 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Major League Soccer club Minnesota United. Born in Ghana, Yeboah was a youth international for Italy.

He is the nephew of former Ghanaian international footballer Tony Yeboah.

Austrian Football Bundesliga
The Bundesliga (German: Bundesliga [ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa], "Federal League"), also known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Austria and the highest level of the Austrian football league system. The competition decides the Austrian national football champions, as well the country's entrants for the various European cups run by UEFA.

The Austrian Bundesliga, which began in the 1974–75 season, has been a separate registered association since 1 December 1991. It has been won the most by the two Viennese giants Austria Wien, who were national champions 24 times, and Rapid Wien, who won the national title 32 times. The current champions are SK Sturm Graz. Phillip Thonhauser is president of the Austrian Bundesliga. The Austrian Football Bundesliga is currently known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons.
2023 BC Men's Curling Championship
The 2023 BC Men's Curling Championship, the provincial men's curling championship for British Columbia, was held from January 11 to 15 at the Chilliwack Curling Club in Chilliwack, British Columbia. The event was held in conjunction with the 2023 British Columbia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship.

The winning Jacques Gauthier rink represented British Columbia at the 2023 Tim Hortons Brier in London, Ontario where they finished fifth in Pool B with a 3–5 record.

BC Men's Curling Championship
The BC Men's Curling Championship (formerly the belairdirect BC Men's Provincial Curling Championship and the Canadian Direct Insurance BC Men's Provincials) is the British Columbia provincial championship for men's curling. It was known as the Safeway Select up to 2003.  The tournament is run by Curl BC, the provincial curling association. The winner represents Team British Columbia at the Tim Hortons Brier.
1984 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes
The 1984 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes was the fifth edition of the European basketball championship for U16 women's teams, today known as FIBA U16 Women's European Championship. 12 teams featured in the competition, held in Perugia and Marsciano, Italy, from 8 to 15 July 1984.

The Soviet Union won their fifth title in a row.

FIBA U16 Women's EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 Women's EuroBasket is the new name for the FIBA U16 Women's European Championship, originally known as the FIBA European Championship for Cadettes. It's a women's youth basketball competition that was inaugurated with the 1976 edition. Through the 2003 edition, it was held every second year, but since the 2004 edition onward, it is held every year. The tournament serves as a qualification for the FIBA Under-17 Women's Basketball World Cup in odd years, for the FIBA Europe region. The current champions are Finland.
2007 Formula BMW ADAC season
The 2007 Formula BMW ADAC season was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in 1.2 litre Formula BMW single seat race cars. The 2007 season was the tenth and the last Formula BMW ADAC season organized by BMW Motorsport and ADAC before it was merged with Formula BMW UK series into Formula BMW Europe in 2008. The season began at Motorsport Arena Oschersleben on 5 May and finished at the Hockenheimring on 14 October, after eighteen races.

Jens Klingmann was crowned series champion.

Formula BMW
Formula BMW was a junior  racing formula for single seater cars. It was positioned at the bottom of the motorsport career ladder alongside the longer established Formula Ford category. Like Formula Ford, it was intended to function as the young kart racing graduate's first experience of car racing.

The new formula was created by BMW Motorsport in 2001, with the first of its championships being inaugurated in Germany in 2002. Selected competitors from each series meet in the World Final at the end of each season, with the promise of a Formula One test for the winner.

From 2011 onwards BMW ceased to support the Pacific and Europe series, in favour of the Formula BMW Talent Cup. The Talent Cup, which was the final Formula BMW championship in existence, ended after the 2013 season.
Polytechnic Boxing Club
The Polytechnic Boxing Club for amateur boxing was formed in 1888 and is located at 309 Regent Street in London. The name "Polytechnic" comes from the Royal Polytechnic Institute having been formerly at that address which would later become the home of the University of Westminster.

Starting in 1898 the boxing club awarded the Studd trophy, named after Sir John Edward Kynaston Studd. The club was a member of the Amateur Boxing Association of England.

The Polytechnic Magazine being the in-house magazine of the school would cover the boxing club along with many other clubs, social activities, and other news.

England Boxing National Amateur Championships Heavyweight Champions
The England Boxing National Amateur Championships Heavyweight Championship formerly known as the ABA Championships is the primary English amateur boxing championship. It had previously been contested by all the nations of the United Kingdom.
Nordlia (Kristiansand)
Nordlia is a neighborhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is a part of the district of Søm. Nordlia is located on the eastern shore of the Topdalsfjorden, near the eastern end of the Varodd Bridge, in the northern part of Søm. The neighborhoods of Rona and Strømme lie to the east.

Varodd Bridge
The Varodd Bridges are two parallel cantilever bridges in Kristiansand municipality, in Agder county, Norway, and they cross the Topdalsfjorden. They are named after the peninsula on the western shore. It goes from Vige and ends in Søm in Kristiansand. The bridges carry the European route E18 highway over the fjord.
Joe Kreger
Joe Russel Kreger (born 1939 in Tonkawa, Oklahoma) served twice as poet laureate of the American state of Oklahoma. He was previously appointed in 1998 after the death of Betty Shipley, and reappointed in 2021. Kreger was the first poet laureate of the state to be considered primarily a "cowboy poet,", preceding Eddie Wilcoxen (2011–2012) and Jay Snider (2023-2024). Born in Tonkawa, Oklahoma, Kreger has spent most of his life as a rancher.

His poems have been published as Lookin' at Life (1997, Innovative Broadcast Corp) and Still Lookin'  (2000, Doane Agricultural Service).

Betty Lou Shipley
Betty Lou Shipley (July 11, 1931 – March 14, 1998) was an American poet who served as the twelfth poet laureate of the state of Oklahoma. Shipley's term as laureate was cut short by her death. Along with authoring three books of poetry, Shipley was the poetry editor for Byline Magazine and operator of Full Count Press and, later, Broncho Press.
TA cloning
TA cloning (also known as rapid cloning or T cloning) is a subcloning technique that avoids the use of restriction enzymes and is easier and quicker than traditional subcloning. The technique relies on the ability of adenine (A) and thymine (T) (complementary basepairs) on different DNA fragments to hybridize and, in the presence of ligase, become ligated together. PCR products are usually amplified using Taq DNA polymerase which preferentially adds an adenine to the 3' end of the product. Such PCR amplified inserts are cloned into linearized vectors that have complementary 3' thymine overhangs.

DNA ligase
DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break in both complementary strands of DNA). Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.

DNA ligase is used in both DNA repair and DNA replication (see Mammalian ligases).  In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in molecular biology laboratories for recombinant DNA experiments (see Research applications). Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA.
Tutton Point
Tutton Point (66°53′S 67°36′W﻿ / ﻿66.883°S 67.600°W﻿ / -66.883; -67.600) is the southwestern point of Liard Island in Hanusse Bay, Graham Land. This point is a landing place, the start of a route into the interior of the island. Mapped from air photos taken by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) (1947–48) and Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) (1956–57). Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Alfred E.H. Tutton (1864–1938), British mineralogist, author of The Natural History of Ice and Snow Illustrated from the Alps.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tutton Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Hanusse Bay
Hanusse Bay is a broad, V-shaped bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The bay is 37 kilometres (20 nmi) long and trends generally north–south. It is bordered by Cape Mascart on Anvers Island, and Shmidt Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula, Loubet Coast. At its north entrance, Isacke Passage separates it from Liard Island. It is bounded to the south by a line from Landauer Point, the north point of Hansen Island and Bagnold Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula.

The bay was discovered and first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the director of the Hydrographic Service of the French Navy  Ferdinand Isidore Hanusse (1848–1921). Isacke Passage was also charted Charcot's expedition. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Captain Christopher J. Isacke, Royal Navy, commanding officer of HMS Endurance in the Antarctic Peninsula area, 1972–74.