hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victor Gotbaum
Victor H. Gotbaum (September 5, 1921 – April 5, 2015) was an American labor leader. From 1965 to 1987, he was president of AFSCME District Council 37 (DC37), the largest municipal union in New York City.

History of New York City (1946–1977)
Immediately after World War II, New York City became known as one of the world's greatest cities. However, after peaking in population in 1950, the city began to feel the effects of suburbanization brought about by new housing communities such as Levittown, a downturn in industry and commerce as businesses left for places where it was cheaper and easier to operate, an increase in crime, and an upturn in its welfare burden, all of which reached a nadir in the city's fiscal crisis of the 1970s, when it barely avoided defaulting on its obligations and declaring bankruptcy.
Plattenhausenriegel
Plattenhausenriegel (Czech: Blatný vrch) is a mountain of the Bavarian Forest; (German: Bayerischer Wald) and Bohemian Forest, (Czech: Šumava) on the border between Germany and the Czech Republic.
48°57′51″N 13°26′57″E﻿ / ﻿48.96417°N 13.44917°E﻿ / 48.96417; 13.44917

Bohemian Forest
The Bohemian Forest (known in Czech as Šumava (pronounced [ˈʃumava] ⓘ) and in German as Böhmerwald) is a low mountain range in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. The mountains extend from the Plzeň and South Bohemian regions into Upper Austria and Bavaria, and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif, up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide. They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Austria and Germany on the other.
Allaro
The Allaro (Calabrian dialect Alaru) is a river in Calabria, Southern Italy. It flows into the Ionian Sea at Marina di Caulonia. It gives its name to the valley through which it runs (Vallata dello Stilaro Allaro) and is a candidate for the site of the ancient river Sagra.

Caulonia
Caulonia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria in the Stilaro Valley. Originally it was known as Castelvetere, but in 1862 the citizens decided to change the name of the town to that of the ancient city Caulonia. They believed that this city had been located on their territory, but it was eventually proved that ancient Caulonia was to be found near modern Monasterace, 16 kilometres (10 mi) to the northeast.
Peoples' Global Action
Peoples' Global Action (PGA) was the name of a worldwide co-ordination of radical social movements, grassroots campaigns and direct actions in resistance to capitalism and for social and environmental justice. PGA was part of the anti-globalization movement.

Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha
Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha, also known as KRRS, is a farmer's movement. M. D. Nanjundaswamy was the president of the organisation.

Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha's state president is Chamarasa Mali Patil. He is based in Raichur District, present Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha State President Mallappanahalli Girish Gowda M T. He is based in Ramanagar district.
History of English law
History of English law is the history of the legal system and laws of England.

Coverage of the history of English law is provided by:

Fundamental Laws of England

History of English land law

History of English contract law

History of English criminal law

History of trial by jury in England

History of the courts of England and Wales

History of English contract law
The history of English contract law traces back to its roots in civil law, the lex mercatoria and the Industrial Revolution. Modern English contract law is composed primarily of case law decided by the English courts following the Judicature Acts and supplemented by statutory reform. However, a significant number of legal principles were inherited from recording decisions reaching back to the aftermath of the Norman Invasion.
Nettlestone and Seaview
Nettlestone and Seaview is a civil parish and  electoral ward on the Isle of Wight. It contains the villages of Nettlestone and Seaview.

Public Transport is provided by Southern Vectis bus route 8, which operates between Ryde, and Newport via Bembridge and Sandown.

Ryde
Ryde is a seaside town and civil parish on the north-east coast of the Isle of Wight. The parish area had a population of 24,096 according to the 2021 Census. Its growth as a seaside resort came after the villages of Upper Ryde and Lower Ryde were merged in the 19th century, as can still be seen in the town's central and seafront architecture. The resort's expansive sands are revealed at low tide. Their width means the regular ferry service to the mainland requires a long listed pier – the fourth longest in the United Kingdom, and the oldest surviving.
Madison Public Library (Madison, Wisconsin)
Madison Public Library (MPL), originally called the Madison Free Library, is the public library system in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, consisting of a central library and 8 neighborhood libraries. Madison Public Library is part of the South Central Library System, the second-largest public library system in Wisconsin after Milwaukee Public Library.

Milwaukee Public Library
Milwaukee Public Library (MPL) is the public library system in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, consisting of a central library and 13 branches, all part of the Milwaukee County Federated Library System. MPL is the largest  public library system in Wisconsin.
Pork in Pakistan
The sale and consumption of pork is mostly illegal in Pakistan, a Muslim-majority country where halal dietary guidelines are observed. Being 98.1853% Muslim majority makes pork hard to find. Like alcohol however, the meat may be consumed by non-Muslim citizens and foreigners who reside in the country.

Pork
Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig (Sus domesticus). It is the second most commonly consumed type of meat worldwide, following poultry, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 8000–9000 BCE.

Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham, gammon, bacon, and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.

Pork is one of the most popular meats in the Western world, particularly in Central Europe. It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia (Mainland Southeast Asia, Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines, especially in China (including Hong Kong) and Northeast India, for its fat content and texture.

Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably Islam and Judaism.
Mana Sakura
Mana Sakura (Japanese: 紗倉まな, Hepburn: Sakura Mana; born March 23, 1993) is a Japanese AV idol, gravure model, novelist and singer. Originally debuting as a model, she transitioned to AV in 2012, becoming an exclusive performer for Soft On Demand and starred over 150 adult films since her debut. Sakura is considered one of the most popular and recognizable contemporary AV idols as she managed to crossover into mainstream entertainment with regular appearances in television, films and even video games as well. She also became an accomplished author, publishing several novels, magazine essays and running columns.

Goddotan
Goddotan (ゴッドタン 〜The God Tongue 神の舌〜, The God Tongue) is a Japanese variety show, broadcast since 2005 on TV Tokyo. In 2013, Toho produced a film based on the show, Goddotan kiss patience Championship - The Movie, directed by Nobuyuki Sakuma.  It debuted at number 15 on the Japanese box office chart.
Cheteria
The Cheteria are a group of noble dignitaries within the Sultanate of Brunei whose position ranks below the Wazir (Vizier) but above the Manteri. Each carry specialised tasks and report directly to the Sultan of Brunei. The Cheteria hierarchy is structured around what is known as the Four Fold system which expands up to 32 folds. The title of Cheteria are only bestowed upon the Pengiran, especially to the caste of Pengiran known as the Pengiran Peranakan. The awarding of such titles are held in a ceremony called "mengangkat".

Heraldic flag
In heraldry and vexillology, a heraldic flag is a flag containing coats of arms, heraldic badges, or other devices used for personal identification.

Heraldic flags include banners, standards, pennons and their variants, gonfalons, guidons, and pinsels.  Specifications governing heraldic flags vary from country to country, and have varied over time.
Cyclopina wido
Cyclopina wido is a species of copepod belonging to the order Cyclopoida, in the family, Cyclopinidae. The species was first described in 2020 by zoologist, Tomislav Karanovic. The species epithet, wido, references the type locality.

it has been found in the intertidal zone within the sand of a small beach in Wido, South Korea. The body length of the female type species is 327 μm, and 323 μm.

Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the class Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both in the sea and in freshwater habitats. They are capable of rapid movement. Their larval development is metamorphic, and the embryos are carried in paired or single sacs attached to first abdominal somite.
Withymead Nature Reserve
Withymead Nature Reserve is a 13-acre (5.3 ha) site on the banks of the River Thames near Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. The nature reserve is managed by the Anne Carpmael Charitable Trust, and aims to provide a haven for wildlife and inspiration to visitors.

South Stoke, Oxfordshire
South Stoke is a village and civil parish on an east bank of the Thames, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Goring-on-Thames in South Oxfordshire.  It includes less than 1 mile (1.6 km) to its north the hamlet and manor house of Littlestoke (a.k.a. Stoke Marmion).
Blackfield V
Blackfield V is the fifth studio album by art rock band Blackfield. Recorded over a year and a half period across 2015 and 2016, the album, initially intended for release on 18 November 2016, was later delayed to 10 February 2017. The album, the fifth between the musical partnership between Steven Wilson and Aviv Geffen, is the third released as an even collaboration between the two; while Blackfield and Blackfield II were even collaborations, Welcome to My DNA and Blackfield IV saw increased writing and musicianship from Geffen while Wilson focused on his solo albums Grace for Drowning and The Raven that Refused to Sing (And Other Stories).

The Raven That Refused to Sing (And Other Stories)
The Raven That Refused to Sing (And Other Stories) is the third solo album by British musician Steven Wilson, released by Kscope Music Records on 25 February 2013. Each track on the album is based on a story of the supernatural. Alan Parsons, who had previously been involved in the creation of Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, was responsible for engineering the album.

A deluxe, 4-disc edition of the album was released as well, which included a 128-page book of lyrics and ghost stories, with illustrations by Hajo Mueller. In addition to this, the album is also available in stand alone double-vinyl, CD and Blu-ray editions. The album was generally well received critically, and has sold over 100,000 copies.
Microsoft Silverlight version history
Microsoft Silverlight is an application framework for writing and running rich web applications that was actively developed and marketed by Microsoft from 2007 to 2012. This is a technical overview of the platform's history.

Windows Presentation Foundation
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source user interface framework for Windows-based desktop applications. WPF applications are based in .NET, and are primarily developed using C# and XAML.

Originally developed by Microsoft, WPF was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. In 2018, Microsoft released WPF as open source under the MIT License. WPF's design and its layout language XAML have been adopted by multiple other UI frameworks, such as UWP, .NET MAUI, and Avalonia.
2014 UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 time trial
The Men's under-23 time trial of the 2014 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Ponferrada, Spain on 22 September 2014. The course of the race was 36.15 km (22.46 mi) with the start and finish in Ponferrada.

The world title was won by Australia's Campbell Flakemore – who finished fourth in the event in 2013 – and in the process, became the fourth Australian rider in the last six years to win the title. Flakemore completed the course just 0.48 seconds quicker than the silver medallist Ryan Mullen of the Republic of Ireland, while the bronze medal was taken by Swiss rider Stefan Küng, 9.22 seconds behind Flakemore.

UCI Road World Championships – Men's under-23 time trial
The UCI Road World Championships - Men's under-23 time trial is the annual world championship for road bicycle racing in the discipline of individual time trial for men aged 23 or under, organised by the world governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale. The event was first run in 1996. In 2020 no race race was held due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mikkel Bjerg is the most successful rider in the discipline, having won the event on three occasions.
Podesta Baldocchi
Podesta and Baldocchi, later Podesta Baldocchi, was one of the oldest operating florists in San Francisco, founded in 1871. The business is no longer operating.

Their headquarters on 224 Grant Avenue, with Italian marble artwork and tile floors, acquired from the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, was featured in Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film Vertigo.

Grant Avenue
Grant Avenue in San Francisco, California, is one of the oldest streets in the city's Chinatown district. It runs in a north–south direction starting at Market Street in the heart of downtown and dead-ending past Francisco Street in the North Beach district. It resumes at North Point Street and stretches one block to The Embarcadero and the foot of Pier 39.

Grant Avenue is primarily a one-way street; automobile traffic can travel only northbound. In 2012, however, the two blocks of Grant Avenue between Sutter and Geary streets were converted to two-way traffic in order to ease southbound traffic congestion during the multi-year closure of Stockton Street, part of the construction plan for the Central Subway.
Ladislas the Bald
Ladislas the Bald (Hungarian: Szár László; Latin: Ladislas calvus; before 997–before 1030) was a member of the House of Árpád, a grandson of Taksony, Grand Prince of the Hungarians. He is the only known brother of Vazul, a rebellious duke who was blinded on the order of their cousin, King Saint Stephen I of Hungary in 1031 or 1032. Medieval chroniclers, in their effort to conceal that the Kings of Hungary were descended from a prince condemned by the saintly first king, wrote that instead of Vazul, Ladislas was the Hungarian monarchs' forefather. Ján Steinhübel and other modern Slovak historians write that he was Duke of Nyitra under Polish suzerainty, but this theory has not been universally accepted by historians.

Cometopuli dynasty
The Kometopuli dynasty (Bulgarian: Династия на комитопулите, Dinastiya na komitopulite; Byzantine Greek: Δυναστεία Κομητoπούλων, Dynasteía Kometopoulon) was the last royal dynasty in the First Bulgarian Empire, ruling from c. 976 until the fall of Bulgaria under Byzantine rule in 1018. The most notable member of the dynasty, Tsar Samuel, is famous for successfully resisting Byzantine conquest for more than 40 years. Sometimes the realm of the Cometopuli is called Western Bulgarian Kingdom or Western Bulgarian Empire.
N-STAR c
N-STAR c, is a geostationary communications satellite originally ordered by NTT DoCoMo and later fully acquired by SKY Perfect JSAT Group. It was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin, which acted as prime, developed the payload and did the final integration and testing, and Orbital Sciences Corporation, which supplied the satellite bus on the GEOStar-2 platform and procured the launch services. It had a launch weight of approximately 1,645 kg (3,627 lb), and a 15-year design life. Its payload is composed of 1 C-band, and 20 S-band transponders and its stationed in the 136° East longitude.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
Sunset Handicap
The Sunset Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually during the third week of July at Hollywood Park Racetrack in inglewood, California. The Grade III event is open to horses, age three and up, willing to race one and one-half miles on turf. With the closure of Hollywood Park at the end of 2013 the Sunset Handicap ceased to exist.

Inaugurated in 1938 as the Aloha Handicap, in 1940 it was renamed the Sunset Handicap. It was raced on dirt until 1967. Since inception it has been contested at various distances:

9 furlongs : 1938, 1950

12 furlongs : 1939, 1940, 1967–1968, 1973–present

13 furlongs : 1941, 1946–1949, 1951–1966

16 furlongs : 1969-1972

In 1975, the Sunset Handicap was run in two divisions.

On December 2, 2009, this Grade II stakes race was downgraded to a Grade III by the American Graded Stakes Committee.

Hollywood Park Racetrack
Hollywood Park was a thoroughbred race course located in Inglewood, California, about three miles (5 km) from Los Angeles International Airport and adjacent to the Forum indoor arena. In 1994, the original Hollywood Park Casino was added to the racetrack complex. Horse racing and training were shut down in December 2013 though the casino operations continued until the Hollywood Park Casino opened in October 2016.

The track was demolished in stages from 2014 until 2016 and the area is now the site of a master-planned neighborhood in development named Hollywood Park after the former track. The most prominent parts of the development are SoFi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), YouTube Theater, a 6,000-seat performance arts venue, Hollywood Park Casino, and the NFL Los Angeles building, which is home to the NFL Network, NFL RedZone, NFL.com, and the NFL app.
Timeline of biotechnology
The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.

These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.

Lipid-based nanoparticle
Lipid-based nanoparticles are very small spherical particles composed of lipids.  They are a novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system (part of nanoparticle drug delivery), and a novel pharmaceutical formulation.  There are many subclasses of lipid-based nanoparticles such as: lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).

Sometimes the term "LNP" describes all lipid-based nanoparticles. In specific applications, LNPs describe a specific type of lipid-based nanoparticle, such as the LNPs used for the mRNA vaccine.

Using LNPs for drug delivery was first approved in 2018 for the siRNA drug Onpattro. LNPs became more widely known late in 2020, as some COVID-19 vaccines that use RNA vaccine technology coat the fragile mRNA strands with PEGylated lipid nanoparticles as their delivery vehicle (including both the Moderna and the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines).
Frida Maanum
Frida Leonhardsen Maanum (Norwegian: [ˈfriːdɑ ˈleːʊnhɑɖsn̩ ˈmɑːnʉm]; born 16 July 1999) is a Norwegian  professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Women's Super League club Arsenal and the Norway national team. Prior to her move to Arsenal, she played for Stabæk and Linköping.

Women's League Cup
The Women's League Cup, also known as the Subway Women's League Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a league cup competition in English women's association football. The competition was originally open to the eight teams in the FA WSL, but since the WSL's restructuring to two divisions, it has featured 23 teams. Prior to this it was known as the FA WSL Cup. Following the completed takeover by Women's Professional Leagues Limited (WPLL), the cup is now referred to as the Women's League Cup.

Fourteen editions have been played, with Arsenal being the most successful club with seven titles.

Following a successful use of the VAR (Video Assistant Referee) and Goal line technology in the 2023 Womens FA Cup final, they were used for the first time in the competions history in the 2024 final and both have been used in the finals since.
Kokpara railway station
Kokpara Railway Station is an Indian railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Kokpara in East Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Jhargram railway station and 58 km (36 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.

Jhargram railway station
Jhargram railway station is a railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Kharagpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Jhargram in Jhargram district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is 40 km (25 mi) from Kharagpur Junction and 96 km (60 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.
Richard Perdue
Christianity portal

Richard Gordon Perdue (13 February 1910 – 8 August 1998) was an Anglican bishop.

Perdue was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and ordained in 1934. After curacies at Drumcondra and Rathmines he was the incumbent at Castledermot and then Archdeacon of Killaloe and Kilfenora. He was ordained to the episcopate as the Bishop of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in 1953 and translated to be the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross in 1957. He retired in 1978.

Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
The Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross is the Church of Ireland Ordinary of the united Diocese of Cork, Cloyne and Ross in the Province of Dublin.

The current bishop is the Right Reverend Paul Colton BCL, DipTh, MPhil, LLM, PhD. He was consecrated bishop at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, on Thursday 25 March 1999; the Feast of the Annunciation. He was enthroned in St. Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork on 24 April 1999, in St Colman's Cathedral, Cloyne on 13 May 1999, and in St. Fachtna's Cathedral, Ross on 28 May 1999.