hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bur
A bur (also spelled burr) is a seed, dry fruit or infructescence that has hooks or teeth. The main function of the bur is to spread the seeds of the bur plant, often through epizoochory. The hooks of the bur are used to latch onto fur or fabric, enabling the bur – which contain seeds – to be transported to another location for dispersal. Another use for the spines and hooks are physical protection against herbivores. Their ability to stick to animals and fabrics has shaped their reputation as bothersome.

Some other forms of diaspores, such as the stems of certain species of cactus also are covered with thorns and may function as burs.

Bur-bearing plants, such as Tribulus terrestris and  Xanthium species, are often single-stemmed when growing in dense groups, but branch and spread when growing singly. The number of burs per fruit along with the size and shape can vary largely between different bur plants.

Diaspore (botany)
In botany, a diaspore is a plant dispersal unit consisting of a seed or spore plus any additional tissues that assist dispersal. Examples of such additional structures includes elaiosomes, fruits, pseudofruits or arils, as well as pappi. In a few plants, the diaspore is a tumbleweed and comprises most of the plant.

Diaspores are common in weedy and ruderal species.  Collectively, diaspores, seeds, and spores that have been modified for migration are known as disseminules.
Serai Quarter
Serai Quarter (Urdu: سرائے کوارٹر), sometimes called Serai Quarters, is a neighbourhood in central Karachi, Pakistan that according to Pakistan forms much of its historic central business district. In addition to Karachi's financial centre centred on Serai Quarter's I. I. Chundrigar Road, Serai Quarter contains over 200 "historic buildings", which make up about 37% of all building plots in the quarter. Of these, 78 are protected by the Sindh Cultural Heritage Preservation Act of 1994.

Standard Chartered Pakistan
Standard Chartered Pakistan is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of British multinational bank Standard Chartered and is one of the oldest foreign commercial bank in Pakistan.
2019 Internazionali di Tennis del Friuli Venezia Giulia
The 2019 Internazionali di Tennis del Friuli Venezia Giulia was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the sixteenth (men) and fourth (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Cordenons, Italy between 5 and 18 August 2019.

Internazionali di Tennis del Friuli Venezia Giulia
The Internazionali di Tennis del Friuli Venezia Giulia (previously known as the Zucchetti Kos Tennis Cup and Credit Agricole Friuladria Tennis Cup) is a tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts since 2004. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's Circuit. It is held annually at the Eurosporting Cordenons (at A.S.D. Eurotennis Club).
Anna Maxwell
Anna Caroline Maxwell (March 14, 1851 – January 2, 1929), was a nurse who came to be known as "the American Florence Nightingale". Her pioneering activities were crucial to the growth of professional nursing in the United States.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
QMA and QN connector
QMA and QN connectors are quick-connect RF connectors that were designed to replace the widely used SMA (used in low power transmissions; DC–18 GHz) and Type N (used in medium power transmissions; DC–11 GHz) connectors. The connectors have been available since 2003. The connector family was created by the Quick Lock Formula Alliance, which consists of Huber+Suhner, Radiall, Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik, and Amphenol.

QMA and QN connectors are the quick lock version of SMA and N connectors. This design can save much handling time because it allows quick mating and demating without tools. Due to the smaller overall size, it can save the operating space and allows for high density arrangement. To make cable routing easier, it can rotate 360 degrees after installation.

N connector
The N connector (also, type-N connector) is a threaded, weatherproof, medium-size RF connector used to join coaxial cables.  It was one of the first connectors capable of carrying microwave-frequency signals, and was invented in the 1940s by Paul Neill of Bell Labs, after whom the connector is named.
De-Leninization
De-Leninization (Ukrainian: Ленінопад, romanized: Leninopad, lit. 'Leninfall') is political reform aimed at refuting Leninist and Marxist–Leninist ideology and ending the personality cult of Vladimir Lenin. Examples include removing images and toppling statues of Lenin, renaming places and buildings, dismantling Lenin's Mausoleum currently in Red Square, Moscow, and burying his mummified corpse.

De-Stalinization began in the former Soviet Union in the mid-1950s during the Khrushchev thaw following the latter's secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences". But this was framed as a return to orthodox Leninism and thus the cult of Lenin remained until the dissolution of the USSR, when public challenges to the cult and its ideology and iconography began.

Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine
The demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine began during the collapse of the Soviet Union and continued on a smaller scale throughout the 1990s, primarily in some western towns of Ukraine. However, by 2013, most Lenin statues across Ukraine were still intact. During the 2013–2014 Euromaidan protests, the destruction of statues became widespread, a phenomenon that came to be popularly known as Leninopad (or Leninfall) in English. The use of "-пад" being akin to English words suffixed with "fall" as in "waterfall" and "snowfall".
Nanango railway line
The Nanango railway line was a narrow-gauge branch railway located in Queensland, Australia.  On 31 October 1882, parliament approved the construction of a branch line from Theebine (then called Kilkivan Junction) west to Kilkivan after gold and copper were discovered in this region of Queensland, Australia.  The section was opened in two stages – to Dickabram on 1 January 1886 after two crossings of the Mary River and to Kilkivan on 6 December 1886.

Parliament approved an extension of the line south west to what became Kingaroy on 12 December 1900.  The decision served to revitalise the previously unprofitable line, but such an indirect link with Brisbane faced stiff competition once roads were constructed direct from the area south east to the state's capital.  Initially, as in many other places, railway construction forged the development of settlements along its path – in this instance Goomeri, Murgon, Wondai and Kingaroy townships were thus established.

Mary River (Queensland)
The Mary River (Gubbi Gubbi: Moocooboola) is a major river system in the South East and Wide Bay–Burnett regions of Queensland, Australia. It is the sixth longest coastal river in the state and unique in that it flows south to north.

It is home to three threatened species, the Mary River turtle, white-throated snapping turtle and the Mary River cod. The Mary River was to be dammed with the construction of the Traveston Crossing Dam until it was cancelled due to environmental concerns. The river has experienced major floods in 1955, 1974, 1992, 1999, 2011, 2013 and 2022.
Geretsried
Geretsried (German pronunciation: [ɡeːʁətsˈʁiːt] ⓘ; Bavarian: Geretsriad) is a town in the district Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, located in Bavaria, Germany. The town is the most populated town in the district, with 23,219 inhabitants as of 31 December 2012.

The town is the site of a geothermal energy project using a novel closed-loop system that offers more environmental protection than conventional geothermal technologies. The project is a partnership between Eavor Technologies and Deep Energy Capital  to produce sustainable zero carbon energy in Germany.

Wolfratshausen
Wolfratshausen (German pronunciation: [vɔlfʁaːtsˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, located in Bavaria, Germany. The town had a population of 19,033 as of 31 December 2019.
Secretary of State for Justice
The secretary of state for justice is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Ministry of Justice. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. Since the office's inception, the incumbent has concurrently been appointed Lord Chancellor.

The officeholder works alongside the other justice ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for justice, and the performance of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Justice Select Committee.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.
Animal Crack-Ups
Animal Crack-Ups is an ABC game show which aired in primetime from August 8 to September 12, 1987, after which it aired on Saturday mornings from September 12, 1987, to December 30, 1989, and again from June 2 to September 1, 1990. It was produced by ABC Productions in association with Vin Di Bona Productions (both companies also produce America's Funniest Home Videos) and hosted by Alan Thicke, who was on Growing Pains at the time. The program was based on a Japanese Tokyo Broadcasting System Television series, Wakuwaku Dōbutsu Land (わくわく動物ランド).

The show's theme song was "Animals Are Just Like People Too", created by Thickovit music (Alan and Todd Thicke and Gary Pickus).

Growing Pains
Growing Pains is an American television sitcom created by Neal Marlens that ran on ABC for seven seasons from September 24, 1985, to April 25, 1992. The series follows the misadventures of the Seaver family, including psychiatrist and father Jason, journalist and mother Maggie, and their children Mike, Carol, Ben, and Chrissy. 166 episodes were produced.
Vrede Dairy Project
The Vrede Dairy Project is a South African dairy project established in 2012 on Krynaauwslust Farm, near the town of Vrede (Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality), Free State Province. The dairy was established as a public-private partnership with Estina, a Black Economic Empowerment company, as part of the Free State provincial government's agricultural project, Mohoma-Mobung. Estina was given the land under a free 99 year lease.

The aim of the R250m dairy project was to empower black farmers, but bank statements show that no payments were made to black beneficiaries.
The dairy farm was just a shell through which money was sent to India.

On 14 January 2022, the Premier of the Free State Sisi Ntombela handed over the project to 65 local farmers for management and implementation, with oversight from a trust and executive team.

Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality
The Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Setereke wa Thabo Mofutsanyana; Zulu: UMasipala wesiFunda iThabo Mofutsanyana) is one of the 5 districts of the Free State province of South Africa. The seat is Witsieshoek. As of 2011, a majority of its 725,932 residents spoke Sesotho. The district code is DC19
Emblem of Turkmenistan
The State Emblem of Turkmenistan was created after Turkmenistan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Like other post-Soviet republics whose symbols do not predate the October Revolution, the current emblem retains some components of the Soviet one such as the cotton, wheat and rug. The eight-point green starburst (known as the Rub el Hizb, a symbol of Islam, to which a majority of Turkmen profess) with golden edges features in its center a red circular disc which carries sheaves of wheat, five carpet guls, and centered upon that a smaller blue circle with a lifelike (rather than heraldically stylised) depiction of former President Saparmurat Niyazov's pet Akhal-Teke horse Yanardag, a source of pride for the Turkmen people. A round variant of the emblem was used from 1992 until 2003, when President Saparmurat Niyazov proposed to change its appearance and said that the ancient Turkmen octagon has been considered to be a symbol of abundance, peace and tranquillity.

Gul (design)
A gul (also written gol, göl and gül in Turkish) is a medallion-like design element typical of traditional hand-woven carpets from Central and West Asia. In Turkmen weavings they are often repeated to form the pattern in the main field.
Euterpeae
Euterpeae is a tribe of Neotropical plants in the family Arecaceae. Genera in the tribe are:

Hyospathe – northern South America

Euterpe – South America, Central America

Prestoea – northern South America, Caribbean

Neonicholsonia – Central America

Oenocarpus – South America

Neonicholsonia
Neonicholsonia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family native to Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama). The sole species is Neonicholsonia watsonii.  The genus and species names honor George Nicholson, a former curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and his successor William Watson.
Bloody Angle (Lexington and Concord)
The Bloody Angle (also known as the Elm Brook Hill Battle) refers to a section of the Battle Road, in Lincoln, Massachusetts, on which two battles were fought on April 19, 1775, during the battles of Lexington and Concord, in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War. The road runs east–west, but turns north for about 500 yards (460 m) and then east again, as per the direction of travel during the British regulars' retreat from nearby Concord to Boston.

Lincoln, Massachusetts
Lincoln is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,014 according to the 2020 United States census, including residents of Hanscom Air Force Base who live within town limits. The town, located in the MetroWest region of Boston's suburbs, has a large amount of colonial history and a sizeable amount of public conservation land.
2017–18 SVB Cup
The 2017–18 SVB Cup was the 27th season of the Surinamese Cup. The competition began on 6 January and ended on 30 June 2018.

Robinhood beat West United in the final, 7–1, earning themselves their seventh SVB Cup, and their first since 2016.

SVB Cup
The SVB Cup (Dutch: Beker van Suriname) is a competition organized by the Surinamese Football Association (Dutch: Surinaamse Voetbal Bond (SVB)) since 1992. It was based on the size of the KNVB Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top two layers of the Surinamese Football League Eerste Divisie and District Divisions.
Mihir Chowdhury
Mihir Chowdhury FNA, FASc (15 July 1937 – 28 March 2017) was an Indian physical chemist and Professor and Head of Department of Chemistry at Presidency College, Kolkata and at the Department of Physical Chemistry of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). He is known for his studies on the electronic structure of molecules using optical, magneto-optical and quantum-mechanical methods. He was an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1977, for his contributions to chemical sciences.
Three of his research students were also Shanti Swarup Bhatnager awardees.

Robert S. Mulliken
Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physical chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules.  Mulliken received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1966 and the Priestley Medal in 1983.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 148 BC)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus was a Roman statesman in the 2nd century BC. He was elected consul in the year 148 BC, serving alongside Spurius Postumius Albinus Magnus. His last name indicates that he was originally a member of the Caesonia gens and was adopted by one of the Pisones.

Lucius served as Praetor in 154 BC, receiving the province Hispania Ulterior during the period of the Lusitanian War. He was defeated in battle against the Lusitani led by Punicus. He was consul during the second year of the Third Punic War, which he conducted so lackadaisically that he was replaced by Scipio the following year.

Spurius Postumius Albinus Magnus
Spurius Postumius Albinus Magnus was a politician of ancient Rome, of patrician rank, during the 2nd century BC.  He was consul in 148 BC, in which year a great fire happened at Rome.  It is this Spurius Albinus of whom Cicero speaks in the Brutus, and says that there were many orations of his.
Gimjang
Gimjang (Korean: 김장), also spelled kimjang, is the traditional process of preparation and preservation of kimchi, the spicy Korean fermented vegetable dish, in the wintertime. During the summer months, kimchi is made fresh, from seasonal vegetables. For one month, starting from the tenth month of the year, people prepare large quantities of kimchi that will last throughout the winter.

Gimjang was listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in December 2013 and the 133rd Korean Intangible Cultural Property.

National Intangible Cultural Heritage (South Korea)
National Intangible Cultural Heritage (Korean: 국가무형문화재) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for intangible cultural heritage. This and other national-level designations are maintained by South Korea's Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA).

There is a separate local-level designation called "Intangible Cultural Properties". That designation is administered by provinces or cities rather than by the CHA.

Practices of particular importance can be designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties (중요무형문화재).
French submarine Méduse (1904)
Méduse was one of 20 Naïade-class submarines built for the French Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. She was of the Romazotti type, and remained in service until just prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

Naïade-class submarine
The Naïade-class submarines, sometimes referred to as the Perle class were a group of submarines built for the French Navy  at the beginning of the 20th century. There were twenty vessels in this class, which was designed by Gaston Romazotti. The class introduced internal combustion engines into French submarine design. They remained in service until just prior to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
1920 European Rowing Championships
The 1920 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on 15 August on the Saône in the French city Mâcon. The competition was for men only and they competed in five boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2+, M4+, M8+), the same ones as used at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp later in the same month. These were the first European Rowing Championships held after WWI; the previous championships had been held in 1913 in Ghent.

European Rowing Championships
The European Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organised by World Rowing (named FISA until 2020) for European rowing nations, plus Israel, which, though not a member of the European federation, is treated as a European nation for competition purposes.

The championships date back to 1893, the year after FISA (the International Rowing Federation) was founded. Over time, the competition grew in status and as it was not restricted to European countries, became regarded as the quasi-world championships. The World Rowing Championships were commenced in 1962 and the last European Championships were held in 1973 as from 1974, the World Championships became an annual event. The European Championships were re-introduced in 2007 but with a narrower focus on Europe.
Pablo García (footballer, born 1977)
Pablo Gabriel García Pérez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈpaβlo ɣaˈβɾjel ɣaɾˈsi.a ˈpeɾes]; born 11 May 1977) is a Uruguayan professional football manager and former player who played as a defensive midfielder. He is the manager of Cypriot First Division club APOEL.

A player of physical approach to the game (which earned him a reputation for being a dirty player), his nickname is Canario (canary), referring to his birthplace. He spent most of his professional career in La Liga, making 135 appearances in six years in representation of four teams, but also played several seasons in Greece with PAOK.

A Uruguayan international over one decade, García appeared for the nation at the 2002 World Cup and two Copa América tournaments.

2004–05 Copa del Rey
The 2004–05 Copa del Rey was the 103rd staging of the Copa del Rey.

The competition started on 1 September 2004 and concluded on 1 June 2005 with the Final, held at the Estadio Vicente Calderón in Madrid, in which Real Betis lifted the trophy for the first time since 1977 with a 2–1 victory over CA Osasuna.
Scale Hall railway station
Scale Hall railway station served the suburb of Scale Hall in Lancaster, Lancashire, England.

The station was located near Scale Hall Lane on Morecambe Road. The station opened in 1957 and closed to passengers in 1966 with the line between Lancaster Green Ayre, and Morecambe Promenade.

The line has since been converted into a footpath. The station has been demolished.

Morecambe Promenade railway station
Morecambe Promenade was a railway station in Morecambe, Lancashire, England. It was opened on 24 March 1907 by the Midland Railway and closed in February 1994. After twelve weeks break in passenger service for the revision of track work and signalling, a new Morecambe station was opened on a site closer to the town centre.

The station opened as Morecambe and was renamed Morecambe Promenade in 1924. It reverted to its original name in 1968 and remained so until closure.