hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A Complicated Girl
Una ragazza piuttosto complicata (internationally released as A Complicated Girl) is a 1968 Italian giallo film directed by Damiano Damiani. For her performance in this film and in Metti una sera a cena, Florinda Bolkan was awarded with a Golden Plate at the 1968 Edition of David di Donatello.

Giallo
In Italian cinema, giallo (Italian: [ˈdʒallo]; pl.: gialli; from giallo, lit. 'yellow') is a genre that often contains slasher, thriller, psychological horror, psychological thriller, sexploitation, and, less frequently, supernatural horror elements.

This particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery horror-thriller film usually blends the atmosphere and suspense of thriller fiction with elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre), and often involves a mysterious killer whose identity is not revealed until the final act of the film. The genre developed in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined in commercial mainstream filmmaking over the next few decades, though examples continue to be produced. It was a predecessor to, and had significant influence on, the later slasher film genre.
Southern Research
Southern Research is a not-for-profit US 501(c)(3) research organization that conducts basic and applied research for commercial and non-commercial organizations across four divisions: Drug development, Drug discovery, Energy & Environment, and Engineering.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Carlo Muscetta
Carlo Muscetta (22 August 1912 – 22 March 2004) was a poet who became better known as a literary critic and, later, as an editor of literary magazines.   He also had a parallel career in teaching, employed as a university professor of Literature successively at Catania, Paris (as a "visiting professor") and Rome.  During the 1960s and 70s he came to wider prominence as a free-thinking Marxist commentator.

Action Party (Italy)
The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.
Paladin Golden Eagle
The Paladin Golden Eagle is an American powered parachute, that was designed and produced by Paladin Industries of Pennsauken, New Jersey.

The company's website was removed in 2012, the company seems to have gone out of business and production ended.

Paladin Industries
Paladin Industries, Inc was an American aircraft manufacturer, based in Pennsauken, New Jersey. The company specialized in the design and construction of powered parachutes.

The company's website was removed in 2012 and the company seems to have gone out of business.
Sause Bros.
Sause Bros., Inc., is an American ocean towing company based in Coos Bay, Oregon. Founded in 1936, it is a privately held company serving routes along the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii and other islands of the South Pacific, as well as Alaska.

The company maintains a sixty-vessel fleet of tugboats and barges, employing approximately 400 people at its facilities in Coos Bay, Portland, and Rainier, Oregon; in Long Beach, California; and in Honolulu and Kalaeloa, Hawaii. The company's Southern Oregon Marine division repairs and maintains the fleet, as well as designing and building new vessels.

Sause Bros.' history includes two fatal accidents and a 1988 oil spill.

Grays Harbor Ports
The Grays Harbor Ports was the first name of the minor league baseball team that represented the communities of Grays Harbor, Washington, Hoquiam, Washington and Aberdeen, Washington. Grays Harbor played as members of the Class A Short Season Northwest League in 1976.
1974 Norfolk mid-air collision
The 1974 Norfolk mid-air collision happened on 9 August 1974 at Fordham Fen, Norfolk, England when a Royal Air Force McDonnell-Douglas F-4M Phantom FGR.2 of No. 41 Squadron RAF (41 Sqn) collided with a Piper PA-25-235 Pawnee crop spraying aircraft. All three aviators were killed: the pilot and navigator of the Phantom and the pilot of the Pawnee. The Phantom pilot was a Royal Air Force Group Captain and station commander of RAF Coningsby. It was the first collision between a civil aircraft and a military fast jet in the United Kingdom low flying military training system.

United Kingdom Low Flying System
The United Kingdom Low Flying System (UKLFS) is the airspace across the United Kingdom in which low flying training is permitted. The system was established in 1979 and extends from ground level to 2000ft AGL. Flying is carried out from 0800 to 2300 during weekdays only. Military aircraft are also allowed to fly in Tactical Training Areas.

Aircraft are restricted to a cruising speed of 450 knots, and reheat (use of afterburner) is not permitted except for emergencies. Low flying aircraft should not enter any Air Traffic Zones, including Aerodrome Traffic Zones and Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone.
Trogon (genus)
Trogon is a genus of Coraciimorphae birds in the trogon  family. Its members occur in forests and woodlands of the Americas, ranging from southeastern Arizona to northern Argentina.

They have large eyes, stout hooked bills, short wings, and long, squared-off, strongly graduated tails; black and white tail-feather markings form distinctive patterns on the underside.  Males have richly colored metallic plumage, metallic on the upperparts. Although many have brightly coloured bare eye-rings, they lack the colorful patches of bare facial skin in their African counterparts, Apaloderma.  Females and young are duller and sometimes hard to identify in the field.  Eggs are white or bluish-white, unlike the pale blue eggs of quetzals.  See the family account for further details.

Apaloderma
Apaloderma is a genus of birds in the family Trogonidae.

The name is a compound word composed of two Greek words: hapalos, meaning "delicate"and derma, meaning "skin". Established by William Swainson in 1833, the genus contains the following species:
Brouwer's conjecture
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory, Brouwer's conjecture is a conjecture by Andries Brouwer on upper bounds for the intermediate sums of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian of a graph in term of its number of edges.

The conjecture states that if G is a simple undirected graph and L(G) its Laplacian matrix, then its eigenvalues λn(L(G)) ≤ λn−1(L(G)) ≤ ... ≤ λ1(L(G)) satisfy

where m(G) is the number of edges of G.

Spectral graph theory
In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix.

The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a real symmetric matrix and is therefore orthogonally diagonalizable; its eigenvalues are real algebraic integers.

While the adjacency matrix depends on the vertex labeling, its spectrum is a graph invariant, although not a complete one.

Spectral graph theory is also concerned with graph parameters that are defined via multiplicities of eigenvalues of matrices associated to the graph, such as the Colin de Verdière number.
Nordfold Municipality
Nordfold is a former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 561-square-kilometre (217 sq mi) municipality existed from 1906 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality surrounded the Nordfolda branch off of the Folda fjord in what is now Steigen Municipality, plus a small portion of the present-day Sørfold Municipality. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Nordfold, where the Nordfold Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 560.8-square-kilometre (216.5 sq mi) municipality was the 180th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nordfold Municipality was the 539th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,481. The municipality's population density was 2.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.7/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 11.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Nordfold Church
Nordfold Church (Norwegian: Nordfold kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Steigen Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nordfold. It is the church for the Nordfold parish which is part of the Salten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The wood and brick church was built in a rectangular style in 1976 using plans drawn up by the architect Tor G. Dahlstrøm. The church seats up to about 260 people.
2016 FSP Gold River Women's Challenger
The 2016 FSP Gold River Women's Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Sacramento, California, United States, on 18–24 July 2016.

FSP Gold River Women's Challenger
The FSP Gold River Women's Challenger was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. The event was classified as a $60,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and had been held in Sacramento, California since 2012.
Shiloh (biblical figure)
Shiloh (/ˈʃaɪloʊ/; Hebrew: šīlō שִׁיל֔וֹ or šīlōh שילה) is a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 49:10 as part of the benediction given by Jacob to his son Judah. Jacob states that "the sceptre will not depart from Judah... until Shiloh comes...".

Lion of Judah
The Lion of Judah (Hebrew: אריה יהודה, Aryeh Yehudah) is a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as the symbol of the tribe of Judah. The association between the Judahites and the lion can first be found in the blessing given by Jacob to his fourth son, Judah, in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible.

It is also mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament as a term representing Jesus of Nazareth, according to Christian theology. The Lion of Judah was also one of the titles used by Ethiopian emperors from the Solomonic dynasty.
Leaving (Pet Shop Boys song)
"Leaving" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys from their eleventh studio album, Elysium (2012). It was released as the album's second single on 12 October 2012. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 44.

Oren Waters
Oren Waters is an American vocalist best known for his work with the backup singing group The Waters, his siblings: Luther, Maxine and Julia. As an ensemble, Waters has been a part of 260 gold and over 100 platinum albums with artists including Johnny Rivers, Dan Fogelberg, Neil Diamond, Patti La Belle, Paul Simon, Pet Shop Boys, Helen Reddy, Don Henley, Glenn Frey, John Fogerty, Janet and Michael Jackson. He has also provided the vocals for TV themes such as "Baretta's Theme", and "Movin' on Up" for The Jeffersons.

Waters has also contributed to movie soundtracks including Happy Feet, The Lion King, The Matrix, Saint Seiya: The Legend of Crimson Youth, Avatar and American Gangster. He currently teaches vocal performance at the California College of Music.

Waters lost his home in the Eaton Fire in January 2025, and so did his sister Maxine. The home of his sister Julia was not harmed.
Harvey (crater)
Harvey is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon from the Earth. It lies astride the eastern rim of the much larger crater Mach, and the outer rampart of Harvey extends part way across the interior floor. Some distance to the north of Harvey is the crater Joule, and equally far to the east-southeast is Kekulé.

The rim of Harvey is mildly eroded, and a small craterlet lies in the western part of the interior floor. There is a low central peak at the midpoint. Ray material from Joule T to the north crosses the floor of Harvey, passing along the western side of the midpoint and nearly bisecting the interior.

Kekulé (crater)
Kekulé is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies just to the west-southwest of the larger crater Poynting, on the edge of the ejecta skirt surrounding the walled plain Hertzsprung to the southeast.

The outer rim of Kekulé displays some degradation due to impact erosion, but is for the most part intact. The rim is roughly circular, with the greatest wear along the northeast rim. There a small crater lies along the rim edge. The interior floor is relatively level with no central peak, but there are some irregularities in the surface in the northeastern half and along the southern edge. There are a number of tiny craterlets pitting the interior, and a pair of small craterlets along the northern inner wall.
655 Park Avenue
655 Park Avenue is a Georgian-style co-op residential building on Manhattan's Upper East Side, located on Park Avenue between 67th Street and 68th Street, adjacent to the Park Avenue Armory. It was developed in 1924 by Dwight P. Robinson & Company. The building at 655 Park Avenue was designed by architects James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter, Jr., often referred to by the initials "J.E.R. Carpenter", and Mott B. Schmidt. Carpenter is considered the leading architect for luxury residential high-rise buildings in New York City in the early 1900s, while Schmidt is known for his buildings in the American Georgian Classical style, including Sutton Place and houses for New York City's society figures and business elite.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Federal Security Force (Pakistan)
The Federal Security Force (FSF) was a paramilitary and secret police force in Pakistan from 1972 to 1977. The FSF was established by then-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as a task force of the Government of Pakistan as a substitute for the use of the Pakistan Armed Forces in civilian affairs. It was mainly to serve as protection for civil leadership such as the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition, and assisting the government and police in maintaining law and order. The FSF was disbanded by military dictator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq after Bhutto was overthrown in the 1977 Pakistani military coup.

Secret police
Secret police (or political police) are government agencies that operate as secret services engaging in covert operations against a government's political, ideological or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of police states governed by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
Urs Fischbacher
Urs Fischbacher (born 17 September 1959 in Dietikon, Zürich) is a Swiss economist and professor of applied economic research at the University of Konstanz. He is director of the Thurgau Economic Institute, an affiliated institute of the University of Konstanz. He pioneered the field of software tools for experimental economics.

Public goods game
The public goods game is a standard of experimental economics. In the basic game, subjects secretly choose how many of their private tokens to put into a public pot. The payoff of each player is her "private consumption" (her endowment minus her contribution) plus her benefit from the "public good" (the sum of contributions multiplied by a factor). The game is used to study degree of altruism and cooperation between individuals.
Gaydari Peak
Gaydari Peak (Bulgarian: връх Гайдари, romanized: vrah Gaydari, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ ɡɐjˈdari]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 852 m on the coast of Darbel Bay on Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It surmounts Darbel Bay to the west and its part Tlachene Cove to the south, and Hopkins Glacier to the southeast.

The peak is named after the settlement of Gaydari in the Northern Bulgaria.

Darbel Bay
Darbel Bay (66°30′S 65°55′W﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 65.917°W﻿ / -66.500; -65.917) is a bay 25 nautical miles (50 km) wide, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Stresher Peninsula and Pernik Peninsula.  Entered southwest of Cape Bellue and northeast of Cape Rey. The glaciers Widmark Ice Piedmont, Cardell, Erskine, Hopkins, Drummond, Widdowson, McCance, Solun, and Škorpil feed the bay.

It was discovered and roughly charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who gave it the name Baie Marin Darbel. The bay was further charted in 1931 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.
Paederinae
The Paederinae are a subfamily of the Staphylinidae, rove beetles.  As of 2024, three tribes are accepted within this subfamily: Lathrobiini, Paederini, and Pinophilini. This insect is commonly known as Tomcat.

Three of the genera of a subtribe of the Paederini are associated with a skin irritation called Paederus dermatitis, due to a potent vesicant in their haemolymph. This irritant, pederin, is highly toxic, more potent than cobra venom. Thirty-six genera and 436 species are found in North America, generally in damp places, under logs, in caves and ant nests, in litter, or on foliage. Genera include Rugilus and Trisunius.

Astenus cinctus

Deroderus sp.

Lathroium sp.

Myrmecosaurus ferrugineus

Palaminus sp.

Sunius rufipes

Lathrobiini
Lathrobiini is a tribe of rove beetles within the family Staphylinidae. As of 2024, it contains eight subtribes:

Astenina Hatch, 1957

Cylindroxystina Bierig, 1943

Echiasterina Casey, 1905

Lathrobiina Laporte de Castelnau, 1835

Medonina Casey, 1905

Scopaeina Mulsant & Rey, 1878

Stilicina Casey, 1905

Stilicopsina Casey, 1905
Ptarmigan Island
Ptarmigan Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Aubrey Island, Beveridge Island, Coffin Island, Emerick Island, and Thompson Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
The Jerky Boys (album)
The Jerky Boys is the self-titled debut album of prank calls recordings by American comedy act the Jerky Boys. It was released on March 1, 1993 via Select Records.

The album was received well by critics and the public alike, eventually reaching platinum sales certification by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Select Records
Select Records was an American record label. Among its most popular acts were the Real Roxanne, Chubb Rock, AMG, The Jerky Boys, Kid 'n Play, UTFO, Whistle, and Gary Private. From 1990 to 1995, it had a distribution deal with Elektra Records and is still distributed by the Warner Music Group's Alternative Distribution Alliance. It also had a dance-music sub-label called Active Records.
Nazism and the Wehrmacht
The relationship between the Wehrmacht (from 1935 to 1945 the regular combined armed forces of Nazi Germany) and the Nazi Party which ruled Germany has been the subject of an extensive historiographical debate.

After the Nazis came to power, they sought to control all aspects of civil society and the state, including the military. Historically, the German armed forces had operated with a great deal of autonomy, which was steadily eroded until they were under the direct control of the Nazis.

Following the war, many former Nazis denied and downplayed the extensive war crimes committed by the Wehrmacht and its complicity in the Holocaust. This is referred to as the myth of the clean Wehrmacht.

Omer Bartov
Omer Bartov (Hebrew: עֹמֶר בַּרְטוֹב [ʔoˈmeʁ ˈbaʁtov]; born April 17, 1954) is an Israeli-American historian. He is the Dean's Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Brown University, where he has taught since 2000. Bartov is a historian of the Holocaust and is considered a leading authority on genocide.
Beer in San Diego County, California
San Diego County, California, has been called "the Craft Beer Capital of America". As of 2018, the county was home to 155 licensed craft breweries – the most of any county in the United States. Based on 2016 sales volume, three San Diego County breweries – Stone, Green Flash, and Karl Strauss – rank among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States. San Diego County brewers pioneered the specialty beer style known as Double India Pale Ale (Double IPA), sometimes called San Diego Pale Ale. Its beer culture is a draw for tourism, particularly during major festivals such as San Diego Beer Week and the San Diego International Beer Competition. San Diego County breweries including Stone Brewing Co., AleSmith Brewing Company and Ballast Point Brewing Company are consistently rated among the top breweries in the world.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.