hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bangor Township, Bay County, Michigan
Bangor Charter Township is a charter township in Bay County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township's population was 14,045 as of the 2020 Census and is included in the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Charter township
A charter township is a form of local government in the U.S. state of Michigan. While all townships in Michigan are organized governments, a charter township has been granted a charter, which allows it certain rights and responsibilities of home rule that are generally intermediate between those of a city (a semi-autonomous jurisdiction in Michigan) and a village. Unless it is a home-rule village, a village is subject to the authority of any township in which it is located.

Of Michigan's 1,240 townships, 143 are charter townships. A number of charter townships are among the most populous municipalities in Michigan. For example, Clinton Township and Canton Township, both in Metro Detroit, were respectively the 8th and 9th most populous municipalities in Michigan at the 2020 census. The most recent township to become a charter township is Brady Township in Kalamazoo County, which adopted charter status on January 3, 2024.
Arjuna River
9°28′9.7″N 77°53′28″E﻿ / ﻿9.469361°N 77.89111°E﻿ / 9.469361; 77.89111

Arjuna  is a river flowing in the Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. it is a sacred river which formed during the period of the Pandavas. Arjuna one of the five Pandavas along this river to worship lord Shiva. There is a large Shiva temple named Kasi Viswanatha temple on the side of this river near Watrap.

The Anaikuttam Dam was built on this river in 1989. This dam is situated at Sivakasi to Virudhunagar highway.

Virudhunagar district
Virudhunagar district is a district (an administrative district) of Tamil Nadu state in south India. Virudhunagar is the district headquarters of Virudhunagar district. Virudhunagar district was formed by the separation of Old Ramanathapuram District G.O passed on 08,March 1985 & formed in 15,March 1985 into Ramanathapuram District, Sivagangai District and the west part as Virudhunagar District. Virudhunagar District was formerly called Karmavirer Kamarajar District. As of 2011, Virudhunagar district had a population of 1,942,288 with a sex-ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. Sivakasi is the most populous and largest city in the district.
2022 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2022 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place from 26 to 29 May in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 23rd edition of the competition. Liptovský Mikuláš hosted the event for the third time after 2007 and 2016.

A total of 10 medal events took place, 6 individual and 4 team events. The women's K1 event had two gold medalists after Eliška Mintálová and Stefanie Horn achieved the same time in the final run. This was the first time that there was a tie for any medal at the European Championships.

Almost 200 athletes from 27 countries participated in the event. Russia and Belarus were excluded from participation due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

2007 European Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2007 European Canoe Slalom Championships took place at the Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia between June 11 and 17, 2007 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 8th edition.
Iron Act
The Iron Act, also called the Importation, etc. Act 1749 (23 Geo. 2. c. 29), was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which was one of the legislative measures introduced within the system of Trade and Navigation Acts. The act sought to increase the importation of pig and bar iron from its American colonies and to prevent the building of iron-related production facilities within these colonies, particularly in North America where these raw materials were identified. The dual purpose of the act was to increase manufacturing capacity within Great Britain itself, and to limit potential competition from the colonies possessing the raw materials.

Finery forge
A finery forge is a forge used to produce wrought iron from pig iron by decarburization in a process called "fining" which involved liquifying cast iron in a fining hearth and removing carbon from the molten cast iron through oxidation. Finery forges were used as early as the 3rd century BC in China. The finery forge process was replaced by the puddling process and the roller mill, both developed by Henry Cort in 1783–4, but not becoming widespread until after 1800.
Euston Arch
The Euston Arch, built in 1837 (and demolished in 1962), was the original entrance to Euston station, facing onto Drummond Street, London. The arch was demolished when the station was rebuilt in the 1960s, but much of the original stone was later located—principally used as fill in the Prescott Channel—and proposals have been formulated to reconstruct it as part of the planned redevelopment of the station, including the station's use as the London terminus of the High Speed 2 line.

When Euston station was redeveloped, Drummond Street was split into two parts, on either side of the station complex, with the eastern half renamed Doric Way, after the style of the arch.

Secretary of State for Transport
The secretary of state for transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other transport ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for transport, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.

The position of secretary of state for transport is held by Heidi Alexander, who was appointed by Keir Starmer following the resignation of Louise Haigh.
Gauliga Mitte
The Gauliga Mitte was the highest football league in the Prussian province of Saxony and the German states of Thuringia and Anhalt from 1933 to 1945, all located in the center (German:Mitte) of Germany. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Thuringia, Magdeburg-Anhalt and Halle-Merseburg replaced the states and Prussian province.

Gau Halle-Merseburg
The Gau Halle-Merseburg was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the Prussian Province of Saxony. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
Putinci railway station
Putinci railway station (Serbian: Железничка станица Путинци) is a railway station on Belgrade–Šid railway. Located in Putinci, Ruma, Serbia. Railroad continued to Ruma in one and the other direction to Golubinci.  Putinci railway station consists of 5 railway track.

Ruma
Ruma (Serbian Cyrillic: Рума; Hungarian: Árpatarló) is a town and municipality in the Srem District of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2022, the town has a population of 27,747, while the municipality has a population of 48,621.
Yoga mat
Yoga mats are specially fabricated mats used to prevent hands and feet slipping during asana practice in modern yoga as exercise. An early variety made of rubber carpet underlay, pioneered by the yoga teacher Angela Farmer in 1982, was called a sticky mat. Before modern times, meditative yoga and hatha yoga were practised on bare ground, sometimes with a deer or tiger skin rug. Modern mats suitable for energetic forms of yoga are made of plastic, rubber, and sometimes other materials including hessian and cork, trading off cost, comfort, grip, and weight. The yoga mat has been called "one of the most ubiquitous symbols of yoga's commercialization".

Ashtanga (vinyasa) yoga
Ashtanga yoga (not to be confused with Patanjali's aṣṭāṅgayoga, the eight limbs of yoga) is a style of yoga as exercise popularised by K. Pattabhi Jois during the twentieth century, often promoted as a dynamic form of medieval hatha yoga. Jois claimed to have learnt the system from his teacher Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style is energetic, synchronising breath with movements. The individual poses (asanas) are linked by flowing movements called vinyasas.

Jois established his Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in 1948. The current style of teaching is called "Mysore style", after the city in India where the practice was originally taught. Ashtanga yoga has given rise to various spinoff styles of power yoga.
2011 Team Speedway Junior World Championship
The 2011 Team Speedway Junior World Championship was the seventh FIM Team Under-21 World Championship season. The final took place on 3 September, 2011 at Balakovo in Russia. It was the first final in Russia. The defending Champions were Denmark.

Team Speedway Under-21 World Championship
The Team Speedway Under-21 World Championship is a speedway competition to determine the World Championship for national Under-21 teams (the sport's equivalent of the Under-21 World Cup in football).

As of 2022, the event has been known as the Speedway of Nations 2, the Under-21 division of the Speedway of Nations. The first edition of the competition was in 2005 prior to its incorporation with the Speedway of Nations.

Poland has dominated the competition winning the title record 17 times.
Japan National Route 302
National Route 302 is a national highway of Japan connecting Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya and Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya in Japan, with a total length of 54 km (33.55 mi). Route 302 serves as Nagoya's inner loop and runs concurrent with much of the Mei-Nikan Expressway.

Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya
Nakagawa (中川区, Nakagawa-ku) is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 220,782 and a population density of 6,895 persons per km2. The total area is 32.02 km2.
2023–24 USM Alger basketball season
The 2023–24 season was USM Alger's 62nd in existence, their 5th consecutive season in the top flight of the Algerian basketball, USM Alger are participating in this season's editions of the Algerian Cup and the Arab Club Basketball Championship.

2023–24 Algerian Basketball Championship
The 2023–24 Super Division (62nd edition), Algeria's top tier basketball club competition, ran from October 7, 2023, through May 14, 2024. President of the Algerian Basketball Federation Rabah Bouarifi, said that the competition system has been changed, as it will be held in one group consisting of 16 teams instead of two groups, each group consisting of nine teams, as was the case last season. Another change will be made during the following season, to reach the Super Division of 14 teams only.
Wangkhem
Wangkhem is a Meitei family name.
Notable people with the surname are:

Wangkhem Khogen Singh, Indian football player and current head coach of I-League club NEROCA

Wangkhem Sandhyarani Devi, Indian martial art athlete

Basant Kumar Wangkhem, Indian politician

Vivek Raj Wangkhem, Indian politician

Kishorechandra Wangkhem, Indian journalist

Yumnak
Yumnak is a family name (Sagei)  In the Meetei society, and they speak Meetei Language. The name Yamunak as Pronounced "yoom-naak". Ethnic yumnaks are used in the Meetei /Meitei community including the Meitei Pangal and Meitei Bamon (Manipuri Brahmin).

The Meitei community lie largely in the Northeast India, mainly in Manipur, Next in Assam, Tripura and a few in Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya. Some live in Bangladesh and Myanmar.
1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19
The 1977 Vuelta a España was the 32nd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Dehesa de Campoamor, with a prologue individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 11a occurred on 7 May with a stage from Barcelona. The race finished in Miranda de Ebro on 15 May.

1977 Vuelta a España
The 32nd Edition Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 15 May 1977. It consisted of 19 stages covering a total of 2,785 km (1,731 mi), and was won by Freddy Maertens of the Flandria cycling team. While Maertens dominated the race he won the General Classification by less than 3:00. The domination was from his record shattering 13 stages wins including the first and the last. He also won the points classification. Pedro Torres won the mountains classification.
Mentonasc dialect
Mentonasc (Occitan pronunciation: [me(n)tuˈnaʃk]; Mentonasco  in Italian, Mentonnais [mɑ̃tɔnɛ] or Mentonasque [mɑ̃tɔnask] in French) is a Romance dialect historically spoken in and around Menton, France. It is classified as a dialect of Occitan and a sub-dialect of Vivaro-Alpine, with strong influence from the neighbouring Intemelian Ligurian dialect spoken from Ventimiglia to San Remo.

Vivaro-Alpine dialect
Vivaro-Alpine (Occitan: vivaroalpenc, vivaroaupenc; French: vivaro-alpin, pronounced [vivaʁo alpɛ̃]) is a variety of Occitan spoken in southeastern France (namely, around the Dauphiné area) and northwestern Italy (the Occitan Valleys of Piedmont and Liguria). There is also a small Vivaro-Alpine enclave in the Guardia Piemontese, Calabria, where the language is known as Gardiol
, which Glottolog recognizes as a distinct language within the Occitanic language family.  It belongs to the Northern Occitan dialect bloc, along with Auvergnat and Limousin. The name “vivaro-alpine” was coined by Pierre Bec in the 1970s. The Vivaro-Alpine dialects are traditionally called "gavot" from the Maritime Alps to the Hautes-Alpes.
Felix Faust
Felix Faust is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Justice League of America #10 (1962), created by Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky. He is depicted as a mystic sorcerer,  obsessed with restoring himself to his former might after being robbed of much of his power during a battle with Doctor Mist. While typically empowered by the demonic powers of a trio of brothers known as the "Demons Three", to whom he sold his soul in a faustian deal, the character also frequently targets other magical entities and objects to strengthen his power, putting him frequently at odds with numerous superhero teams.

Faust has been adapted into numerous media outside comics, including television series and video games. Robert Englund, Dee Bradley Baker, and Jon Cryer, among others, have voiced the character in animation. Faust appeared in live-action in the 2014 television series Constantine, portrayed by Mark Margolis.

DC Rebirth
DC Rebirth is a 2016 relaunch by the American comic book publisher DC Comics of its entire line of ongoing monthly superhero comic book titles. Using the end of The New 52 (2011–2016) initiative in May 2016 as its launching point, DC Rebirth restored the DC Universe to a form much like that prior to the 2011 "Flashpoint" storyline while still incorporating numerous elements of The New 52, including its continuity. It also saw many of its titles move to a twice-monthly release schedule, along with being released at US$2.99.

DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming. The continuity and repercussions established by Rebirth continues into the New Justice (2018–2021), Infinite Frontier (2021–2023), Dawn of DC (2023–2024), and DC All In (2024–present) eras.
Miss Paraguay 2012
The Miss Universo Paraguay 2012 pageant was held on May 18, 2012. Alba Riquelme, Miss Universo Paraguay 2011, crowned her successor Egny Eckert at the end of the event; she was the Paraguayan candidate for the 2012 Miss Universe pageant. Elected to represent Paraguay at Miss World 2012 was Fiorella Migiore, for Miss International 2012 was Nicole Huber, and for Miss Earth 2012 was Alexandra Fretes. The pageant was broadcast live on Telefuturo.

Miss Earth 2012
Miss Earth 2012 was the 12th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Versailles Palace in Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines, on November 24, 2012.

Olga Álava of Ecuador crowned Tereza Fajksová of the Czech Republic as her successor at the end of the event.
Methoxydienone
Methoxydienone, also known as methoxygonadiene, as well as 3-methoxy-17-dehydro-18-methyl-19-nor-δ2,5(10)-testosterone or 13β-ethyl-3-methoxygona-2,5(10)-dien-17-one, is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and progestogen of the 19-nortestosterone group related to levonorgestrel which was never marketed. It was synthesized in the 1960s and 1970s by chemist Herchel Smith and his colleagues while they were developing progestins for use in oral contraceptives. The drug is a potent anabolic when administered via injection with an anabolic:androgenic ratio of approximately 54:27 relative to testosterone propionate and 90:625 relative to nandrolone. Methoxydienone is not 17α-alkylated (instead featuring a ketone at the C17 position) and no data exist regarding its oral activity in humans. It has been sold on the Internet as a designer steroid.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Hole railway station
Hole Railway Station was a small halt on the North Devon and Cornwall Junction Light Railway in the U.K. between Torrington and Halwill Junction, serving villages such as Black Torrington, Highampton and Sheepwash. The line, which opened in 1925, was a private line until it became part of the Southern Region of British Railways in 1948. The line closed in 1965 as part of the Beeching proposals, freight services having been withdrawn earlier on this section of the line.

Black Torrington
Black Torrington is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England, situated between the towns of Holsworthy and Hatherleigh. It is located on and named after (the dark waters of) the River Torridge. In the 2021 UK census, the population of Black Torrington was recorded as having been 528.

In the Domesday Book of 1066 it had a recorded population of 67 households, which put it in the largest 20% of English settlements at the time.

Buildings in the village include the grade II* listed Church of St Mary, a 15th-century Church of England parish church, and the grade II listed Coham, an 18th-century country house.
Angelo Sormani
Angelo Benedicto Miguel Sormani (Italian: [ˈandʒelo sorˈmaːni]; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɐ̃ʒelu soʁˈmɐni]; born 3 July 1939) is a Brazilian-born Italian former football manager and player, who played as a forward; he was capable of playing anywhere along the front-line, as a centre-forward, as well as in an attacking midfield role, or also as a winger on the right flank. Born in Brazil, he represented the Italy national team at the 1962 FIFA World Cup. While lacking pace, he was a physically strong, creative and intelligent player with excellent technical ability; throughout his career, he was known for his tactical versatility, power and determination, as well as his capability to take part in and initiate attacking plays due to his passing ability. Following his retirement, he also worked as a manager, coaching two clubs for which he formerly played: Roma, and Napoli.

1969 Intercontinental Cup
The 1969 Intercontinental Cup was a two-legged association football match contested between 1968–69 European Cup champions Milan and 1969 Copa Libertadores winners Estudiantes de La Plata. It was the 10th edition of the competition.

The first leg was played at the San Siro in Milan, on 8 October 1969. Milan won the home game 3–0. The return leg was held on 22 October, at La Bombonera in Buenos Aires. Despite suffering a 2–1 defeat, Milan won the title on aggregate.
Nastus
Nastus is a genus of slender, erect, scrambling or climbing bamboos in the grass family. It is native to Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and certain islands in the Indian Ocean (Madagascar and Réunion).

Species

formerly included

see Arundinaria, Bambusa, Cathariostachys, Cenchrus, Chusquea, Dendrocalamus, Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Guadua, Melocanna, and  Thamnocalamus

Guadua
Guadua is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species.

Physically, Guadua angustifolia is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to Bambusa and is sometimes included in that genus. Several animals are, to a various extent, associated with stands of Guadua bamboo, for example several species of seedeaters, and the Amazon and Atlantic Bamboo Rats.
Fumarium
A fumarium was a smoke chamber used in ancient Rome to enhance the flavor of wine through artificially "aging" the wine. Amphorae were placed in the chamber, which was built on top of a heated hearth, in order to impart a smoky flavor in the wine that also seemed to sharpen the acidity. The wine would sometimes come out of the fumarium with a paler color. In his book Vintage: The Story of Wine, Hugh Johnson noted that Pliny the Elder and Columella did not recommend that "first-growth wines" like Falernian, Caecuban, and Alban be smoked.

Falernian wine
Falernian (Latin: Falernum) was a strong white wine highly prized in the  classical Roman periodon the slopes of Mount Falernus (now Monte Massico) near the border of Latium and Campania. Falernian wine was of at least two types, one relatively dry and the other sweet .  It is impossible to know what grapes were used to make Falernian wine as several grapes are mentioned in the extant literature, none of which are cultivated today under the same name.  It has been suggested that Aglianico was one of the grapes used but this is unlikely given that Aglianico is a dark skinned grape.  Pliny the Elder in his  Natural History  offers a survey of the main ancient vine varieties but it is not possible to identify these with modern vine cultivars, any such identification is merely conjecture.
2024 Spikers' Turf season
The 2024 Spikers' Turf season was the seventh season of the men's volleyball league Spikers' Turf, the counterpart of the women's Premier Volleyball League (formerly called Shakey's V-League).

The seventh season started on March 13, 2024, with the launch of the 2024 Spikers' Turf Open Conference, and ended on December 15, 2024 with the 2024 Spikers' Turf Invitational Conference.

The Cignal HD Spikers once again cemented their dominance in the league as they achieved their second "Golden Double" — winning two conferences in one season, since 2019.

Spikers' Turf
Spikers' Turf is the top-level men's semi-professional volleyball league in the Philippines. The league was established in 2015 by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc., the same organization behind the women's Shakey's V-League and later the Premier Volleyball League.

The first running of Spikers' Turf lasted from 2015 to 2016 before it merged with the PVL in 2017 as its men's division. In 2018, it was spun off and the league was reestablished.

The Cignal Super Spikers were the defending champions, but has since been vacated after the team took a leave of absence in January 2026. With seven titles, Cignal is also the most successful team in the league. The Criss Cross King Crunchers are the only active team to win a championship.