hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017 Portland State Vikings football team
The 2017 Portland State Vikings football team represented Portland State University during the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by third-year head coach Bruce Barnum and played their home games at Providence Park, with one home game at Hillsboro Stadium. They were a member of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 0–11, 0–8 in Big Sky play to finish in last place.

The Vikings scored a total of 256 points (23.4 points per game) and allowed 473 points (43 points per game). Offensive coordinator Steve Morton and defensive coordinator Malik Roberson were fired following the conclusion of the season.

Hillsboro Stadium
Hillsboro Stadium is a multi-sport stadium in the Northwestern United States, located in Hillsboro, Oregon, a suburb west of Portland. Opened 27 years ago in 1999 and owned by the city of Hillsboro, the award-winning stadium is part of the Gordon Faber Recreation Complex located in the northeast part of the city, adjacent to the Sunset Highway.

The facility hosts home football games for Portland State University, plus state playoff games for the Oregon School Activities Association's smaller school divisions. Hillsboro Stadium is also used for baseball, softball, soccer, and lacrosse and has hosted college and professional teams. Hillsboro Stadium is used for the NWAPA's annual Century Showcase. The adjacent Hillsboro Ballpark (formerly Ron Tonkin Field) opened in 2013.

The primary playing field runs northwest to southeast, at an approximate elevation of 220 feet (67 m) above sea level. The covered main grandstand and press box are along the southwest sideline.
Jean-Baptiste Maçon
Jean-Baptiste Maçon was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Essex in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1834 as a Conservative.

He received a land grant in Amherstburgh. Maçon was a captain in the Essex militia and a justice of the peace for the Western District. He was of the Roman Catholic faith.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
GALEX
Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX or Explorer 83 or SMEX-7) was a NASA orbiting space telescope designed to observe the universe in ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of star formation in the universe. In addition to paving the way for future ultraviolet missions, the space telescope allowed astronomers to uncover mysteries about the early universe and how it evolved, as well as better characterize phenomena like black holes and dark matter. GALEX was launched on 28 April 2003 for a 29-month primary mission, which was extended three times before the spacecraft was placed into standby mode on 7 February 2012, and decommissioned in June 2013.

Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
A Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized variant of the Cassegrain telescope that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed to eliminate off-axis optical errors (coma). The RCT has a wider field of view free of optical errors compared to a more traditional reflecting telescope configuration. Since the mid 20th century, a majority of large professional research telescopes have been Ritchey–Chrétien configurations; some well-known examples are the Hubble Space Telescope, the Keck telescopes and the ESO Very Large Telescope.
Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio
Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio (Cremunés: Scandulèra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northeast of Cremona.

Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio borders the following municipalities: Alfianello, Corte de' Frati, Gabbioneta-Binanuova, Grontardo, Seniga.

Seniga
Seniga (Brescian: Siniga) is a comune in the province of Brescia, located in Lombardy.  It is bounded by other communes of Pralboino, Milzano, Alfianello. It is located on the Oglio river, that forms the border between Brescia and Cremona provinces. As of 2011, Seniga had a population of 1,624.
Coinage of Aegina
The Coinage of Aegina began in the 6th century BC. The front has a sea turtle design, while the back has a punch mark, found on most coins at that time. The earliest coins were made of electrum, a mix of gold and silver. The coins were first made on the island of Aegina, off the southeast side of Greece.

Yale Professor and Historian Donald Kagan sustains that the Argive king Pheidon was "the first man to strike silver coins on the island of Aegina" in the 7th century, however this has been contested by most experts in the field and so far unconfirmed by archeological evidence.

The coins with 'turtle' design are considered "an important early trading currency".

Aegina
Aegina (Greek: Αίγινα pronounced [ˈeʝina]; Ancient Greek: Αἴγῑνα) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 27 km (17 mi) from Athens. Tradition derives the name from Aegina, the mother of the mythological hero Aeacus, who was born on the island and became its king. In classical antiquity Aegina was a powerful city-state and at one point a rival of Athens. In modern times Aegina is known for the temple of Aphaia, pistacho production, and the pilgrimage site of St. Nektarios. Many Athenians have established vacation homes in Aegina.
SVGFF Second Division
The Second Division is the third and lowest tier of senior men's football in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is organized by the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation, under the National Club Championships umbrella. Each year, the league winners are promoted to the SVGFF First Division. The league features twelve clubs.

In the past, the league has been divided into zones and often features the developmental sides of clubs in the Premier Division. Clubs in the league must meet CONCACAF club licensing requirements. As of 2024, the prize money for the winning club is approximately $10,000.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation
The Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation (SVGFF) is the governing body of football in the island state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It was founded in 1979 but only gained ascension into FIFA in 1988. Currently based in Kingstown, it oversees all aspects of football in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines including the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team and the NLA Premier League.
Neboulos
Neboulos (Greek: Νέβουλος) was a South Slavic military commander in the service of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian II (r. 685–695 and 705–711). Around 690, Neboulos was appointed  commander  a special military corps of about 30,000 men established by the Emperor. In 692/3, he and his corps joined in a major Byzantine campaign against the Umayyad Caliphate. However, in the Battle of Sebastopolis, Neboulos and about 20,000 of his men defected to the Arabs, allegedly bribed by the Arab commander Muhammad ibn Marwan. In retaliation, Justinian II disbanded the corps, executed or enslaved the remaining soldiers and their families. Neboulos and his followers were resettled in Syria to serve in future Arab campaigns.

Justinian II
Justinian II (Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; Latin: Iustinianus; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV.  Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgarian army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
Perfluoromethyldiethylamine
Perfluoromethyldiethylamine is a tertiary perfluorinated amine with the chemical formula C5F13N.  The compound consists of two pentafluoroethyl and one trifluoromethyl groups connected to nitrogen. The compound is produced for the electronics industry, along with other perfluoroalkylamines.  Unlike ordinary amines, perfluoroamines are nonbasic.

Perfluorinated compound
A perfluorinated compound (PFC) or perfluoro compound is an organofluorine compound that lacks C-H bonds. Many perfluorinated compounds have properties that are quite different from their C-H containing analogues. Common functional groups in PFCs are OH, CO2H, Cl, O, and SO3H. Electrofluorination is the predominant method for PFC production. Due to their chemical stability, some of these perfluorinated compounds bioaccumulate.
Jovian Ceparius
Jovian, surnamed Hypatus or Ceparius (Italian: Gioviano Ceparico Ipato), was Byzantine magister militum per Venetiae in charge of the duchy of Venice in 740. Following the murder of the doge Orso Ipato in 737, the Exarch of Ravenna imposed administration by annual magistri militum on Venice who replaced the doge. Jovian was the fourth of these officials. This period of government by magistri militum lasted until 742, when the fifth and last of such officials was deposed and the dogeship was restored.

Not much is known about Jovian. John the Deacon, who wrote the Chronicon Venetum et Gradense, in the early 11th century, said that he ruled wisely. He called him the ipato named Jovianus. This indicates that he had the title of hypatos. This was a Byzantine honorary title which roughly meant first among the consuls. During his government there was a violent clash between the town of Heraclia and neighbour and rival Equilium.

Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "master of soldiers"; pl.: magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the late Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the empire. The office continued to exist and evolve during the early Byzantine Empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as strategos or as stratelates (although these terms were also used non-technically to refer to commanders of different ranks).
Stele of Vespasian
The Stele of Vespasian is a stele celebrating Roman emperor Vespasian. It was written in Ancient Greek and found in 1867 at Armazi, near Mtskheta (eastern Georgia), in an ancient capital of the Kingdom of Iberia.

Mihrdat I
Mithridates I (Mihrdat I) (Georgian: მითრიდატე I) was the 1st-century king (mepe) of Iberia (Kartli, Georgia) whose reign is evidenced by epigraphic material. Cyril Toumanoff suggests 58–106 as the years of his reign.
Monarchy in Nova Scotia
By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, the Canadian monarchy operates in Nova Scotia as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. As such, the Crown within Nova Scotia's jurisdiction is referred to as the Crown in Right of Nova Scotia, His Majesty in Right of Nova Scotia, or the King in Right of Nova Scotia. The Constitution Act, 1867, however, leaves many royal duties in the province specifically assigned to the sovereign's viceroy, the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian provinces
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian provinces comprise a system in which each province of Canada has created orders and other awards to honour residents for actions or deeds that benefit their local community or province, and are in turn subsumed within the Canadian honours system.  Each province sets its own rules and criteria for eligibility and for how each award is presented. Most of the awards allow for the recipients to wear their awards in public, and most grant the recipients the use of post-nominal letters after their names. Not all of the awards created by the provinces are part of the Canadian honours system, therefore some of them may not be worn or court mounted with awards that are part of the Canadian honours system.
Tylonautilus
Tylonautilus is an extinct genus in the nautiloid order Nautilida from the Lower Carboniferous of Europe and Permian of Japan.

Tylonautilus has a coiled shell with a subquadrate whorl section, evolutely coiled with all whorls showing. The outer rim, the venter, has a smooth median depression bordered on either side by thread-like lirae, followed by rows of nodes, radially arranged. The suture has broad ventral and lateral lobes, the siphuncle is central.

Tylonautilus is a member of the Tainoceratidae which, with other related families, forms the nautiloid superfamily Tainocerataceae. As with most if not all tainoceratids, Tylonautilus was probably a bottom dweller that spent its time crawling over, or perhaps swimming close to, the seafloor.

Tainoceratoidea
The Tainoceratoidea are a superfamily in the cephalopod order Nautilida characterized by straight to loosely coiled shells, generally to a degree such that the width is greater than the height, to quadrate whorl section. Many bore spines, ribs, frills, wings, or nodes. In early forms, the siphuncle is generally near ventral, but more variable (usually central) in advanced forms.

Tainoceratoids are derived from the Oncocerida through the Rutoceratidae which first appear in the Lower Devonian.  The Rutoceratidae gave rise to the exclusively Devonian Tetragonoceratidae and early on the Mississippian or late the Devonian to the Tainoceratidae and Koninckioceratidae. The Tainoceratidae gave rise to the Rhiphaeoceratidae which are confined to the Permian.

The Tainoceratoidea, established by Alpheus Hyatt in 1883, are equivalent for most purposes to the suborder Rutoceratina established later by Shimanskiy in 1957.
2019 Shepherd Rams football team
The 2019 Shepherd Rams football team represented Shepherd University as a member of the East Division of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) during the 2019 NCAA Division II football season. Led by second-year head coach Ernie McCook, the Rams compiled an overall record of 10–3 with a mark of 6–1 in conference play, placing second in the PSAC's East Division. Shepherd advanced to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, where they beat IUP in the first round before losing in the second round at Slippery Rock. The Rams played their home games at Ram Stadium in Shepherdstown, West Virginia.

This was Shepherd's first year as a member of the PSAC, having been a member of the Mountain East Conference from 2012 to 2018.

IUP Crimson Hawks football
The IUP Crimson Hawks football program represents Indiana University of Pennsylvania in college football at the NCAA Division II level.  The Crimson Hawks play their home games at George P. Miller Stadium in Indiana, Pennsylvania.

The Crimson Hawks' current head coach is Paul Tortorella, who was named acting head coach for the 2017 season after Curt Cignetti resigned to take the head coach position at Elon University. Cignetti had been introduced as IUP's head coach on January 21, 2011, to replace Lou Tepper. Before coming to IUP, Cignetti served as an assistant at the Division I level for 28 years.
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors (ERs). Compared to pure ER agonists–antagonists (e.g., full agonists and silent antagonists), SERMs are more tissue-specific, allowing them to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
2015 Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio
The 2015 Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio was the 40th running of the Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio, a women's bicycle race in Italy. It was the second race of the 2015 UCI Women's Road World Cup season and was held on 29 March 2015, starting and finishing in Cittiglio. The race was won by British cyclist Lizzie Armitstead in a sprint finish of 6 riders, ahead of Pauline Ferrand-Prévot and Anna van der Breggen, winning the first World Cup race of the season for Boels–Dolmans.

Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio
Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio is a one day women's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in the comune (municipality) of Cittiglio and nearby comunes located within the Province of Varese in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy.

First held in 1974, Trofeo Alfredo Binda is one of the oldest and most established races in the women's calendar, and has been part of the UCI Women's World Tour since its inception in 2016.
Karkamış Bridge
The Karkamış Bridge (Turkish: Karkamış Köprüsü) is a Parker-truss bridge carrying the Baghdad Railway across the Euphrates in southeastern Turkey.

The bridge was built by the Baghdad Railway between 1911 and 1913 in the Ottoman Empire and played an important role for transporting troops and supplies during World War I, as it was the only permanent crossing of the Euphrates in the area. After the war, the bridge and the railway fell under British military control until the Allies withdrew their forces from Turkey. The French-owned Chemins de fer de Cilicie Nord-Syrie, headquartered in French Syria (CNS) took over the railway in 1921 and operated the route until being sold to the Turkish-owned Southern Railway in 1933. This new company owned and operated the railway until being absorbed by the Turkish State Railways in 1948.

When first completed, the structure was the second longest bridge in the Ottoman Empire and later Turkey, after Uzunköprü Bridge in East Thrace.

Southern Railway (Turkey)
The Cenup Demiryolları (French: Chemins de fer du Sud de la Turquie, English: Southern Railways) was the name of the railway operating former Baghdad Railway trackage in Turkey from 1933 to 1948. Cenup is another word for south in Turkish.
Makiki
Makiki is an area of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, located northeast of downtown Honolulu, stretching east to west from Punahou Street to Pensacola Street and north to south from Round Top Drive/Makiki Heights Drive to Lunalilo Freeway. Punchbowl, an extinct tuff cone, and Tantalus overlook the Makiki.

Downtown Honolulu
Downtown Honolulu is the current historic, economic, and governmental center of Honolulu, the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is bounded by Nuʻuanu Stream to the west, Ward Avenue to the east, Vineyard Boulevard to the north, and Honolulu Harbor to the south. Both modern and historic buildings and complexes are located in the area, with many of the latter declared National Historic Landmarks on the National Register of Historic Places.
Descendants of the Bounty mutineers
The descendants of the Bounty mutineers include the modern-day Pitcairn Islanders as well as a little less than half of the population of Norfolk Island. Their common ancestors were the nine surviving mutineers from the merchant ship HMS Bounty, who mutinied as the ship crossed the south Pacific Ocean in 1789. Their descendants also live in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States.

HMS Bounty
HMS Bounty, also known as HMAV (His Majesty's Armed Vessel) Bounty, was a British merchant ship that the Royal Navy purchased in 1787 for a botanical mission. The ship was sent to the South Pacific Ocean under the command of William Bligh to acquire breadfruit plants and transport them to the British West Indies. That mission was never completed owing to a 1789 mutiny led by acting lieutenant Fletcher Christian, an incident now popularly known as the Mutiny on the Bounty. The mutineers later burned Bounty while she was moored at Pitcairn Island in the Southern Pacific Ocean in 1790. An American adventurer helped land several remains of Bounty in 1957.
Krzysztof Michał Sapieha
Krzysztof Michał Sapieha (Lithuanian: Kristupas Mykalojus Sapiega) (1607–1631) was a Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth nobleman, Podstoli of Lithuania (1630), Great Lithuanian Writer (1631).

Son of Lew Sapieha. Studied abroad. Afflicted with tuberculosis from 1624, this illness led to his death at the age of 24. Before his death, he had a promising career - political (Sejm deputy of 1629 and 1630, official from 1630) and literary - author of a (now lost) history of the False Dmitriys and a philosophical text.

Lew Sapieha
Lew Sapieha (Belarusian: Леў Сапега; Lithuanian: Leonas Sapiega; 4 April 1557 – 7 July 1633) was a nobleman and statesman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He became Great Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1580, Great Clerk of the Grand Duchy in 1581, Crown Chancellor in 1585, Grand Chancellor from 1589 until 1623, Voivode of Vilnius in 1621, Great Lithuanian Hetman in 1623 and governor of Slonim, Brest and Mogilev.

Sapieha is considered as a great political figure of the Commonwealth. A rich and powerful magnate, he was known for his wisdom as a statesman, lawyer and military commander, he was one of the greatest leaders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the times of the Duchy's highest cultural flourishing. He was of Ruthenian (Belarusian) ethnicity. Modern Belarusian sources interpret his Ruthenian heritage as Belarusian.
Morazzone
Morazzone is a comune (municipality) of c. 4,000 inhabitants in the province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Varese. It is served by Gazzada-Schianno-Morazzone railway station.

Morazzone borders the following municipalities: Brunello, Caronno Varesino, Castiglione Olona, Castronno, Gazzada Schianno, Gornate-Olona, Lozza.

Old coat of arms

Castiglione Olona
Castiglione Olona is a town and comune in the province of Varese, in Lombardy. As of 31 December 2015, it has a population of 7,753 inhabitants.

The area of the town with the greatest tourist attractions is the historic center.

The entrance to the historic center is through two gates in the ancient medieval walls, both on the street Via Roma: the Western Gate, for the people arriving from the medieval bridge over the Olona River, and the Eastern Gate, for those arriving from the modern part of the town.