hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military history of African Americans
The military history of Black-Americans spans African-American history, the history of the United States and the military history of the United States from the arrival of the first enslaved Africans during the colonial history of the United States to the present day. Black Americans have participated in every war which has been fought either by or within the United States, including the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the war in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.

Marine defense battalions
Marine Defense Battalions were United States Marine Corps battalions charged with coastal and air defense of advanced naval bases during World War II. They maintained large anti-ship guns, anti-aircraft guns, searchlights, and small arms to repel landing forces.
Gordon Clubb
Gordon Clubb (born 22 May 1953) is an Australian former rower. He was an eight-time national champion rower who represented at three world championships. He won four consecutive Australian national championship titles in a coxed four from 1977 to 1980.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
Childeric I
Childeric I (died 481 AD) was a Frankish leader in the northern part of imperial Roman Gaul, and an ancestor of the Merovingian dynasty. He is described as a king (rex), both on his Roman-style seal ring, which was buried with him, and in fragmentary later records of his life. Childeric served as a military leader of Frankish forces under the Roman emperor Majorian, and after his fall, also under the Gallo-Roman military leader Aegidius. He was the father of Clovis I, who acquired effective control over all or most Frankish kingdoms, and a significant part of Roman Gaul.

Guy Halsall
Guy Halsall FRHistS (born 1964) is an English historian, archaeologist and academic, specialising in Early Medieval Europe. He is currently based at the University of York, and has published a number of books, essays, and articles on the subject of early medieval history and archaeology. Halsall's current research focuses on western Europe in the important period of change around AD 600 and on the application of continental philosophy (especially the work of Jacques Derrida) to history. He taught at the University of Newcastle and Birkbeck, University of London, before moving to the University of York.
Hamilton Assis
Hamilton Moreira de Assis (born January 19, 1963), known as Hamilton Assis, is a Brazilian labor leader, left-wing activist, teacher, and politician from Salvador, Bahia. A former director of the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) in Bahia, he has run for office several times as a member of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL), most recently in 2018 where he stood as an unsuccessful candidate for the party's presidential nomination. Over the course of his career, Assis has held positions in the Bahia chapters of both PSOL and the Workers' Party (PT).

Abortion-rights movement
Abortion-rights movements, also self-styled as pro-choice movements, are movements that advocate for legal access to induced abortion services, including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash.  These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements.

The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted.
2025 Rugby League Pacific Championships squads
This article lists the official squads for the 2025 Rugby League Pacific Championships which are to be played from 18 October to 9 November 2025.

For an explanation of the acronyms and abbreviations are used in the tables, please see the key to acronyms section at the end of this article.

Brad Takairangi
Brad Takairangi (born 14 June 1989) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a five-eighth or centre. He has played for the Cook Islands, New Zealand and the New Zealand Māori at international level.

Takairangi previously played for the Parramatta Eels, Sydney Roosters and the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL and Hull KR in the Super League.
Codes for constructed languages
This is a list of ISO 639 codes and IETF language tags (BCP 47) for individual constructed languages, complete as of January 2023.

ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 also have the code art for artificial languages. The BCP 47 subtag x can be used to create a suitable private use tag for any constructed language that has not been assigned an official language tag (e.g., art-x-solresol could be used for Solresol).

The old SIL language identifiers (usually written in capitals) are officially obsolete and should no longer be used. They formed the basis of the ISO 639-3 language codes, but some SIL identifiers that had been retired before the establishment of ISO 639-3 were later assigned to different languages within ISO.

The IANA Language Subtag Registry (for IETF’s language tags defined in BCP 47) was updated on 29 July 2009 to include all ISO 639-3 and ISO 639-5 identifiers in use at that time.

ISO 639-5
ISO 639-5:2008 "Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups" is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards.
1970 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1970 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic governor Preston Smith was reelected to a second term, winning 53% of the vote to Republican Paul Eggers' 47% in a rematch of the gubernatorial race of two years earlier. As of 2022, this is the last time Lubbock County voted for the Democratic gubernatorial candidate.

1968 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1968 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1968, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic governor John Connally did not run for reelection to a fourth term, so the election pitted Democrat Preston Smith against Republican Paul Eggers. Smith was easily elected, winning 57% of the vote to Eggers' 43%.
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal (CGDSM) is a military decoration of the United States Coast Guard that was established 4 August 1949 and is presented to coast guardsmen for "Exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility."  Prior to this date, members of the Coast Guard were eligible to receive the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.  The Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal, which replaced the Transportation Distinguished Service Medal in 2002, is another higher precedence Distinguished Service Medal that may be awarded to coast guardsmen. The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Army Distinguished Service Medal, Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Air and Space Forces' Air Force Distinguished Service Medal.

Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard
Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard are military medals and ribbons of the United States Coast Guard which are currently issued under the authority of the Department of Homeland Security.

Prior to 2002, such awards were issued by the Secretary of Transportation and Coast Guard personnel were eligible to receive a variety of Department of Transportation (DOT) civilian decorations.  Since transferring to the Department of Homeland Security, the issuance of DOT awards has been discontinued in the Coast Guard, although such awards may still be seen on active duty Coast Guard uniforms.

Coast Guard military awards are similar to U.S. Navy awards (often with nearly identical ribbons save for an additional white stripe) and Coast Guard personnel are eligible to receive all inter-service awards and decorations, authorized foreign awards and international decorations.

The current active awards and decorations of the U.S. Coast Guard are as follows:
Willy Berger
Willy Ze'ev Berger (Hebrew: וילי ברגר; 17 January 1906 – 1 July 1986) was an Israeli footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hakoah Tel Aviv and for Eretz Israel football team

1928 Palestine Cup
The 1928 People's Cup (Hebrew: גביע העם, Gvia HaAm) was the first season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. Matches began on 7 April 1928 and the final was played on 26 May 1928.

Hapoel Allenby Tel Aviv won the cup, beating Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem 2–0 in the final. However, the Jerusalem club appealed to the F.A., claiming that a Hapoel player, Moshe Meir was not registered. The appeal was accepted and the teams were ordered to share the cup.
Subjacency
Subjacency is a general syntactic locality constraint on movement. It specifies restrictions placed on movement and regards it as a strictly local process. This term was first defined by Noam Chomsky in 1973 and constitutes the main concept of the Government and Binding Theory. The revised definition of subjacency from Chomsky (1977) is as follows: "A cyclic rule cannot move a phrase from position Y to position X (or conversely) in … X … [α… [β… Y … ] … ] … X …, where α and β are cyclic nodes. Cyclic nodes are S and NP", (where S=Sentence and NP=Noun Phrase).

This principle states that no movement can move an element over more than one bounding node at a time. In more recent frameworks, bounding nodes which are hurdles to movement are AgrP (Agreement phrase) and DP (Determiner phrase) (S and NP in Chomsky’s definition respectively). Therefore, Subjacency condition limits movement by defining bounding nodes. It also accounts for the fact that all movements are local.

Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase headed by a determiner such as many. Controversially, many approaches take a phrase like not very many apples to be a DP headed, in this case, by the determiner many. This is called the DP analysis or the DP hypothesis. Others reject this analysis in favor of the more traditional NP (noun phrase or nominal phrase) analysis where apples would be the head of the phrase in which the DP not very many is merely a dependent. Thus, there are competing analyses concerning heads and dependents in nominal groups. The DP analysis developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and it is the majority view in generative grammar today.

In the example determiner phrases below, the determiners are in boldface:

a little dog, the little dogs (indefinite or definite articles)

my little dog, your little dogs (possessives)

this little dog, those little dogs (demonstratives)

every little dog, each little dog, no dog (quantifiers)
Jalan Cochrane, Kuala Lumpur
Cochrane Road is a road and a suburb in the Titiwangsa constituency of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was named after Charles Walter Hamilton Cochrane (1876–1932), who served as British Resident of Perak (1929–1930) and later the Chief Secretary to the Government of the Federated Malay States from 1930 till his death in 1932.

Titiwangsa
Titiwangsa is one of the main areas located on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Kuala Lumpur General Hospital is located south of Titiwangsa. The current member of parliament for Titiwangsa is Johari Abdul Ghani from Barisan Nasional-UMNO.

The Titiwangsa Lake Gardens has facilitated cycling and water ball activities. The Eye on Malaysia, a large observation wheel, was located here in 2007 - 2008 before being transferred to Malacca where it was dismantled in 2010.
2023 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team
The 2023 Lehigh Mountain Hawks football team represented Lehigh University as a member of the Patriot League during the 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Mountain Hawks were led by first-year head coach Kevin Cahill and played home games at Goodman Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Kevin Cahill (American football)
Kevin Cahill (born December 2, 1978) is an American college football coach. He is the head coach at Yale University, a position he has held since February 2026. Prior to this role, he was the head coach at Lehigh University. Cahill played college football as a quarterback at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts. He has served as an assistant coach for Maine Maritime, Springfield, UT Martin, Murray State, Maine, and Yale.
Castle of Castro Marim
The Castle of Castro Marim is a medieval castle on a hilltop overlooking the civil parish of Castro Marim, in the municipality of the same name, in the Portuguese Algarve. The castle was part of the defensive line controlled by the Knights Templar, a stronghold used during the Portuguese Reconquista, and adapted during the Restoration War to defend the frontier.

The castle is located in a unique landscape due to the proximity of salt and mouth of the Guadiana River. Within the castle fortification are two epigraphic inscriptions: one, the first to record a settlement established by a Portuguese monarch, while the second carving identifies the alterations occurring under the reign of King Denis.

Afonso III of Portugal
Afonso III (Afonso Afonso; 5 May 1210 – 16 February 1279), called the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonhês), was King of Portugal and the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248.
Helena Olofsdotter
Helena "Elin" Olofsdotter, known as "Sjumans-Elin" ("Seven Men's Elin"), was a Swedish cunning woman or folk healer. She was one of the people accused of witchcraft in the Katarina witch trials during the witch hunt known as the Great noise, which took place in Sweden in 1668–1676.

Cunning folk
Cunning folk, also known as folk healers or wise folk, were practitioners of folk medicine, helpful folk magic and divination in Europe from the Middle Ages until the 20th century. Their practices were known as the cunning craft. Their services also included thwarting witchcraft. Although some cunning folk were denounced as witches themselves, they made up a minority of those accused, and the common people generally made a distinction between the two. The name 'cunning folk' originally referred to folk-healers and magic-workers in Britain, but the name is now applied as an umbrella term for similar people in other parts of Europe.
1974 Blythe, California bus crash
A school bus-type vehicle carrying farm workers fell into a drainage canal near Ripley, California, southwest of Blythe, California, at approximately 6:30 a.m. PST before sunrise on January 15, 1974, killing 19 and injuring 28.

Blythe, California
Blythe (/blaɪθ/) is a city in eastern Riverside County, California, United States. It is in the Palo Verde Valley of the Lower Colorado River Valley region, an agricultural area and part of the Colorado Desert along the Colorado River, approximately 224 miles (360 km) east of Los Angeles and 150 miles (240 km) west of Phoenix. Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe, a San Francisco financier, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877. The city was incorporated on July 21, 1916. The population was 18,317 at the 2020 census.
N-Arachidonylglycine
N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly) is a carboxylic metabolite of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). Since it was first synthesized in 1996, NAGly has been a primary focus of the relatively contemporary field of lipidomics due to its wide range of signaling targets in the brain, the immune system and throughout various other bodily systems. In combination with 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), NAGly has enabled the identification of a family of lipids often referred to as endocannabinoids. Recently, NAGly has been found to bind to G-protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18), the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor. NaGly is an endogenous inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and thereby increases the ethanolamide endocannabinoids AEA, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) levels. NaGly is found throughout the body and research on its explicit functions is ongoing.

Ethanolamide
Ethanolamides are chemical compounds which are amides formed from carboxylic acids and ethanolamine. Some ethanolamides are naturally occurring, such as anandamide, palmitoylethanolamide and prostamides, which play physiological roles as lipid neurotransmitters and autacoids.

The crystal structure of the membrane enzyme NAPE-PLD has revealed how these endogenous ethanolamides are generated from cell membranes, and that bile acids play a role in their production.

Ethanolamides can be prepared synthetically by heating esters with ethanolamine.
Argon Tower
Argon Tower is a 4,750-foot-elevation (1,448-meter) pillar in Grand County, Utah. It is located within Arches National Park and like many of the rock formations in the park, Argon Tower is composed of Entrada Sandstone. The tower is 260 feet tall, and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 450 feet (137 meters) vertically above the Park Avenue Trail in 400 feet (122 meters) laterally. Precipitation runoff from Argon Tower drains to the nearby Colorado River via Courthouse Wash. This landform was shown briefly in the opening scene credits of the 1989 American action-adventure film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
Panchpokhari Thangpal Rural Municipality
Panchpokhari Thangpal (Nepali: पाँचपोखरी थाङपाल गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Sindhupalchok District of Bagmati Province of Nepal. The RM is surrounded by Jugal in the East, Helambu in the West, Rasuwa District covers from North and Melamchi and Indrawati falls in South of the RM.

Panchpokhari Thangpal is a rural local level unit which was established according to the restructure of Nepal in 2017. On 10 March 2017 Government of Nepal announced 744 local level units and 9 later, total 753 local level units as per the new constitution of Nepal 2015. The RM is divided into total 8 wards and total area of the rural municipality is 187.29 square kilometres (72.31 sq mi). Total population of the RM is 20986 individuals according to the 2011 Nepal census. Banskharka, Baruwa, Bhotang, Thangpalkot, Gunsa, Thampaldhap, Bhote Namlang and Langarche the previous local level units (VDCs) were merged to form this new local level unite.

Bhote Namlang
Bhote Namlang is a former Village Development Committee and now a village in Sindhupalchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2867 and had 579 houses in the village  and at 2001
Triangulum II
Triangulum II (Tri II or Laevens 2) is a dwarf galaxy close to the Milky Way Galaxy. Like other dwarf spheroidal galaxies, its stellar population is very old: the galaxy was quenched before 11.5 billion years ago. It contains only 1000 stars, yet is quite massive, having a solar mass to light ratio of 3600. This is an unusually high mass for such a small galaxy.

The distance from the centre of the Milky Way is 26 kpc (85 kly). The luminosity is 450 times that of the Sun. This makes it one of the dimmest known galaxies. The 2D half light radius is 34 pc (110 ly). The galaxy was discovered in images taken by Pan-STARRS by Benjamin P. M. Laevens in 2015.

Triangulum II is a candidate for detecting WIMPs as a source of dark matter.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
James Breakey
James Washington Breakey (December 25, 1865 in Port Hope, Canada West (now Ontario) – February 27, 1952), was a politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He was briefly the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party, and was subsequently a supporter of the province's Liberal-Progressive coalition government. He also invented the paint-roller

Progressive Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Party of Manitoba, Canada, was a political party in Manitoba between 1920 and 1932, which was the year of its dissolution. It developed from the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM), an agrarian movement that became politically active following World War I.
Antique Provincial Board
The Antique Provincial Board is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Antique.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting. The province is divided into two districts, each sending five members to the provincial board; the electorate votes for five members, with the five candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. The vice governor is the ex officio presiding officer, and only votes to break ties. The vice governor is elected via the plurality voting system province-wide.

Sangguniang Panlalawigan
Sangguniang Panlalawigan (abbreviated as SP; lit. 'provincial council'), commonly known as the Provincial Board, are the legislatures in Philippine provinces. They are the legislative branches of the provinces, and their powers and responsibilities are defined by the Local Government Code of 1991. Along with the provincial governor, the executive branch of the province, they form the province's government.

Members are either called "board members" (BM) or "Sangguniang Panlalawigan members" (SPM). In Tagalog-speaking provinces, they are informally called "bokal".