hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halocline
A halocline (or salinity chemocline), from the Greek words hals (salt) and klinein (to slope), refers to a layer within a body of water (water column) where there is a sharp change in salinity (salt concentration) with depth.

Haloclines are typically found in oceans or large estuaries and it is a type of chemical stratification that is most commonly found in places where freshwater from rivers or melting ice, mixes with salty ocean water.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Churchill Bowl
The Sir Winston Churchill Bowl was one of two semi-final bowl games played in Canadian Interuniversity Sport football that would determine a participant in the Vanier Cup national championship. The trophy was originally donated and managed by McGill University to serve as an annual, often pre-season, invitational football contest between the sister universities of McGill and UBC in aid of the Canadian Paraplegic Association. The Churchill Bowl was retired in 2003 and replaced by the Mitchell Bowl.

Yates Cup
The Yates Cup (French: La Coupe Yates) is a Canadian sports trophy, presented annually to the winner of the Ontario University Athletics football conference of U Sports. It is the oldest still-existing football trophy in North America, dating back to 1898 and surpassing both the Grey Cup and the Little Brown Jug in longevity.

The Yates Cup was donated by Dr. Henry Brydges Yates of McGill University.

Until 1971 it was awarded to the winner of the Senior Intercollegiate Football League regular season, with playoffs occurring only if there was a tie for first place, or the second-place team had defeated the first-place team in league play. Since 1971, it is awarded to the OUA football champion.

The winner of the Yates Cup goes on to play in either the Uteck Bowl or the Mitchell Bowl, depending on annual rotations.

Asteroid (12447) YatesCup is named after the Yates Cup.
Juan Mari Brás
Juan Mari Brás (December 2, 1927 – September 10, 2010) was a Puerto Rican politician who advocated for Puerto Rican independence. He also founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party. On October 25, 2006, he became the first person to receive a Puerto Rican citizenship certificate from the Puerto Rico State Department. His son, Santiago Mari Pesquera, was assassinated by a suspected far-right activist in 1976. In 2009, documents revealed that the FBI knew of a plot to assassinate Mari Brás but did not share the information with him.

Puerto Rican Independence Party
The Puerto Rican Independence Party (Spanish: Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño, PIP) is a social-democratic political party in Puerto Rico that campaigns for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.

Those who follow the PIP ideology are usually called independentistas, pipiolos or pro-independence activists.
John O'Dwyer
John O'Dwyer (born 17 September 1991) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Senior club Championship club Killenaule and previously played at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre-forward.

2016 GAA Interprovincial Championships
The 2016 GAA Interprovincial Championships (formerly known as the Railway Cups) was a senior GAA competition in which the four provinces of Ireland competed in Gaelic football and hurling. The provincial squads are made up of players from the county panels in each province.

Connacht were the reigning football champions whilst Leinster were the reigning hurling champions from 2014. Due to adverse weather conditions, the 2015 inter-provincials did not take place.

Ulster were the Football champions and Munster were the Hurling champions.
Mount Benzarino
Mount Benzarino is a 7,760+ ft (2,370+ m) mountain summit located in North Cascades National Park, in Chelan County of Washington state. It is situated in the North Cascades, a subset of the Cascade Range.  The nearest higher neighbor is Corteo Peak, 1.67 miles (2.69 km) to the northeast, and Black Peak is set 2.34 miles (3.77 km) to the north.

Corteo Peak and Mount Benzarino were named by Forest Service surveyor, Lage Wernstedt, for the names of Basque sheepherders he met near these two mountains. Lage Wernstedt made the first ascent of Benzarino in 1926. Remnants of a small glacier hang on its north flank, and precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of Bridge Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Stehekin River.

Stehekin River
The Stehekin River is a river located in Washington state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is the main river flowing into Lake Chelan.  Miners arrived in Stehekin River Valley in the late 19th century.  They were followed by homesteaders in the early 20th century.  Today, the Stehekin River Valley is still a remote area that can only be reached by way of a 55-mile boat ride up Lake Chelan.

The river's name comes from the Columbia-Moses word stxwíkn', which means "the way through."
Margetuximab
Margetuximab, sold under the brand name Margenza, is a chimeric IgG monoclonal antibody medication against HER2 used for the treatment of cancer.

The most common adverse drug reactions in combination with chemotherapy are fatigue/asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, headache, pyrexia, alopecia, abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, arthralgia/myalgia, cough, decreased appetite, dyspnea, infusion-related reactions, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, and extremity pain.

This drug was created by Raven biotechnologies, which was later acquired by MacroGenics. It was engineered to increase affinity for CD16A polymorphisms and decrease affinity for FcγRIIB (CD32B), an inhibitory receptor.

It binds to the same target (epitope) as trastuzumab, on the HER2 receptor.

Monoclonal antibody therapy
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have varied therapeutic uses. It is possible to create a mAb that binds specifically to almost any extracellular target, such as cell surface proteins and cytokines. They can be used to render their target ineffective (e.g. by preventing receptor binding), to induce a specific cell signal (by activating receptors), to cause the immune system to attack specific cells, or to bring a drug to a specific cell type (such as with radioimmunotherapy which delivers cytotoxic radiation).

Major applications include cancer, autoimmune diseases, asthma, organ transplants, blood clot prevention, and certain infections.
Trench knife
A trench knife is a combat knife designed to kill or incapacitate an enemy at close quarters, such as in a trench or other confined area.  It was developed as a close combat weapon for soldiers attacking enemy trenches during the First World War. An example of a World War I trench knife is the German Army's Nahkampfmesser (close combat knife).

During the Second World War, the trench knife, by this time also called a combat knife, was developed into new designs.  On the German side, the Nahkampfmesser and associated knives were widely issued to the ordinary soldier for combat and utility purposes, while Allied armies mostly issued trench knives to elite infantry units and soldiers not equipped with the bayonet.

Hilt
The hilt (rarely called a haft or shaft) is the handle of a knife, dagger, sword, or bayonet, consisting of a guard, grip, and pommel. The guard may contain a crossguard or quillons.  A tassel or sword knot may be attached to the guard or pommel.
Eyes of the Beholder
"Eyes of the Beholder" is the tenth episode  of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm and the 54th episode overall, which premiered on January 10, 2014, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith, and was directed by Peter Werner.

Grimm season 3
The third season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm was announced on April 26, 2013. It consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.
Quantal response equilibrium
Quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is a solution concept in game theory. First introduced by Richard McKelvey and Thomas Palfrey,
it provides an equilibrium notion with bounded rationality. QRE is not an equilibrium refinement, and it can give significantly different results from Nash equilibrium. QRE is only defined for games with discrete strategies, although there are continuous-strategy analogues.

In a quantal response equilibrium, players are assumed to make errors in choosing which pure strategy to play. The probability of any particular strategy being chosen is positively related to the payoff from that strategy. In other words, very costly errors are unlikely.

The equilibrium arises from the realization of beliefs. A player's payoffs are computed based on beliefs about other players' probability distribution over strategies. In equilibrium, a player's beliefs are correct.

Solution concept
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how a game will be played. These predictions are called "solutions", and describe which strategies will be adopted by players and, therefore, the result of the game. The most commonly used solution concepts are equilibrium concepts, most famously Nash equilibrium.

Many solution concepts, for many games, will result in more than one solution. This puts any one of the solutions in doubt, so a game theorist may apply a refinement to narrow down the solutions. Each successive solution concept presented in the following improves on its predecessor by eliminating implausible equilibria in richer games.
Il Bambino
Il Bambino (Italian for "the Child") is the name given in Italy to images of the Christ Child or infant Jesus common in Roman Catholic churches. The most famous is the miracle-working Santo Bambino of Aracoeli in the church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome, the festival of which is celebrated on the feast of the Epiphany (January 6).

It is also a name for the Sleeping Cupid by Michelangelo, now lost.  Michelangelo sculpted the statue from a block of scrap marble, then rubbed it with dirt and a wire brush to artificially age it.  The sculpture was sold to a collector as an Ancient Greek sculpture.

Santo Bambino of Aracoeli
The Santo Bambino of Aracœli ("Holy Child of Aracœli"), sometimes known as the Bambino Gesù di Aracœli ("Child Jesus of Aracœli") is a 15th-century Roman Catholic devotional replicated wooden image enshrined in the titular Basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli, depicting the Child Jesus swaddled in golden fabric, wearing a crown, and adorned with various gemstones and jewels donated by devotees.

On 18 January 1894, Pope Leo XIII authorised its public devotion and granted a canonical coronation on 2 May 1897. It was again blessed by Pope John Paul II on 8 January 1984. The image was purportedly stolen on 1 February 1994, and has now been replaced with a modern copy.
Lovells Island Range Lights
The Lovells Island Range Lights were range lights on Lovells Island in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. They were built in 1903 to help vessels coming into what is now called "South Channel". As the North Channel was dredged deeper, the South Channel was less used and they were removed in 1939 to make room for the expansion of Fort Standish. The oil shed from the lights remains today.

They were 400 feet (120 m) apart on a magnetic bearing of 228°, with a seven-foot walkway connecting them.

Fort Standish (Boston, Massachusetts)
Fort Standish was a coastal fort completed in 1907 and located on Lovell's Island in Massachusetts. Named after Myles Standish, the fort would serve to host up to 7 batteries until it was disarmed and deactivated in 1947. It was also named Lovell's Island Military Reservation during the early part of its existence. It was part of the Coast (later Harbor) Defenses of Boston.

Along with Fort Warren, Fort Andrews, Fort Banks, Fort Strong, and others, it was among the first modern defenses of Boston Harbor. The fort was de-activated in 1947 and in 1962 became part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.
ACS Olimpic Snagov
Asociația Club Sportiv Olimpic Snagov commonly known as Olimpic Snagov is a professional Romanian football club based in Snagov, Ilfov County.

Founded in 1997 originally as CS Snagov, the club played five seasons in Divizia B, the second tier of the Romanian football league system, before being dissolved in 2012. Re-founded in 2013 as Voința Snagov, the club was dissolved once again in 2016 but was re-founded in 2021 as Olimpic Snagov.

2009–10 Liga II
The 2009–10 Liga II was the 70th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The season started on 15 August 2009 and ended on 5 June 2010.

The format has been maintained to two series, each of them consisting of 18 teams. At the end of the season, the top two teams of the series promoted to Liga I and the bottom fifth places from both series relegated to Liga III. Two more teams relegated this season due to the format changing applied starting with the next season.
Chilean toaster
The Chilean toaster (tostador chileno) is a kitchen appliance created in Chile around the 1920s and popularized from the 1950s onwards. It is an appliance usually used in gas stoves and is one of the traditional kitchen utensils of Chile, making it a characteristic part of its popular culture; among the foods that are usually heated or prepared using a Chilean toaster are bread (especially marraqueta), humitas, sopaipillas and rice.

In Italy there is a variation known as brustolina.

Humita
Huminta (from Quechua umint'a), huma (from Quechua possibly uma head) or humita (possibly employing the Spanish diminutive -ita) is a dish that dates back to pre-Hispanic times. A traditional food, it can be found in Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Argentina. It consists of fresh choclo (maize) pounded to a paste, wrapped in a fresh corn husk, and slowly steamed or boiled in a pot of water. In Bolivia, it is known as huminta and in Brazil as pamonha. Humitas are similar to Mexican uchepos, or tamales colados, which are also made with fresh corn; but they are only superficially similar to tamales, which are made with nixtamalized corn (masa). Colombia's envueltos or bollos are also similar to humitas. They share  a link to the juane ("Saint John's head"), which can be made with corn (sara juane) but is modernly made with rice.
Longcliffe railway station
Longcliffe railway station was a railway station on the Cromford and High Peak Railway serving the villages of Longcliffe and Brassington in Derbyshire, England. It was located on the former line between High Peak Junction near Cromford and the Parsley Hay near Buxton. The former station is a Grade II listed building. The track now forms part of the High Peak Trail.

Parsley Hay railway station
Parsley Hay railway station served Parsley Hay, a hamlet within Hartington Middle Quarter civil parish, about 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Buxton, Derbyshire, on the LNWR line to Ashbourne.  The nearest large settlement is the village of Hartington.
Ōnaka Site
The Ōnaka site (大中遺跡, Ōnaka iseki) is an archaeological site with traces of a late Yayoi to Kofun period settlement in the town of Harima, Hyōgo Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1967.

Harima, Hyōgo
Harima (播磨町, Harima-chō) is a town located in Kako District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 May 2022, the town had an estimated population of 34,735 in 15410 households and a population density of 3800 persons per km². The total area of the town is 9.13 square kilometres (3.53 sq mi). The town is named after Harima Province, one of the old provinces of Japan.  The town flower is the  chrysanthemum.
Matthew Handcock
Matthew Handcock  (1658-1740) was an 18th-century Anglican priest in Ireland.

The son of William Handcock, an MP in the Irish House of Commons,  he educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  He was Archdeacon of Kilmore from 1699 until his death.

Archdeacon of Kilmore
The Archdeacon of Kilmore is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh.

The archdeaconry can trace its history from Maelisa Mac Gillco Erain, the earliest known incumbent, who died in 1199, to the current incumbent, Canon Ian W. Horner (incumbent Rector of Bailieborough group of parishes since 2016), who succeeded Canon Craig McCauley in 2023. Archdeacon Horner is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within his half of the Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh.
2016 Chinese Grand Prix
The 2016 Chinese Grand Prix (formally known as the 2016 Formula 1 Pirelli Chinese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race which was held on 17 April 2016 at the Shanghai International Circuit in Shanghai, China. The race was the third round of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marked the thirteenth time that the Chinese Grand Prix has been run as a round of the Formula One World Championship. The race was convincingly won by Nico Rosberg, who finished over 30 seconds ahead of second-placed Sebastian Vettel. Defending world champion Lewis Hamilton suffered a number of setbacks both in qualifying and during the race itself, eventually finishing in 7th place.

Until the 2023 Dutch Grand Prix, this race had a record-breaking 161 overtakes, breaking the previous record of 147 set at the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix.

Chinese Grand Prix
The Chinese Grand Prix (Chinese: 中国大奖赛; pinyin: Zhōngguó Dàjiǎngsài) is a round of the Formula One World Championship. The event was held every year from 2004 until 2019 before it was suspended from 2020 to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The event resumed in 2024 and is contracted to be held until 2030.

It is currently held at the Shanghai International Circuit, Jiading, Shanghai. Designed by Hermann Tilke and opened in 2004, the US$240 million Shanghai course was the most expensive Formula One circuit facility until the $6 billion Abu Dhabi course opened five years later. The 5.451 km (3.387 mi) track features one of the trickiest corner combinations on the Formula One calendar: Turn 1 and 2, a demanding 270-degree, right-handed corner combination whose radius decreases as the corner progresses.
Ellie Brazil
Ellie Jade Brazil (born 10 January 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Women's Super League 2 club Southampton. She joined Birmingham City at the age of 16 and has represented England at under-15 to under-23 level.

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Women
Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Women, commonly referred to as Tottenham (/ˈtɒtənəm/) or Spurs, is an English women's football club affiliated with Tottenham Hotspur. The club currently compete in the Women's Super League (WSL), the top flight of women's football in England. The club gained promotion to the WSL after finishing second in the 2018–19 FA Women's Championship.

Tottenham Hotspur play its home games at Brisbane Road in Leyton, and occasionally at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. The club has been training full-time at Hotspur Way since 2020.

The club has won twelve titles, the most recent being the overall FA Women's Premier League in the 2016–17 season.
Caanthus
Caanthus is also a synonym of the cylindrical bark beetle genus Ciconissus.

In Greek mythology, Caanthus or Kaanthos (/keɪˈænθəs/; Ancient Greek:  Κάανθος) was the son of Oceanus and Tethys, and the brother of Melia, who was the consort of Apollo, and an important cult figure at Thebes.

Fabulae
The Fabulae is a Latin handbook of mythology, attributed to an author named Hyginus, who is generally believed to have been separate from Gaius Julius Hyginus. The work consists of some three hundred very brief and plainly, even crudely, told myths (such as Agnodice) and celestial genealogies.
Georg Heinrich Thiessen
Georg Heinrich Thiessen (19 January 1914 – 3 July 1961) was a German astronomer.

After graduating, Georg Thiessen studied physics and mathematics and received his doctorate in 1940 under Richard Becker at Göttingen Georg August University. He joined the Fraunhofer Institute of the Institute for High Frequency Research in Freiburg, Breisgau in 1943, where he met Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer. In January 1945 he was transferred to the observatory in Hamburg-Bergedorf, where he was employed as assistant and later as 'Observator' from 1946 to 1953. In 1953 he habilitated on the subject of magnetic fields of the sun, he believed in the existence of a global solar magnetic field. He was promoted to professor in 1959.

On 3 of July 1961 he was killed in a frontal collision with a tram, his wife was seriously injured in this accident. 
A crater on the farside of the moon (Thiessen) has been named after him since 1970.

Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer
Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer (10 November 1910 – 23 May 1975) was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. His research focused on the Sun, and for that purpose he initiated construction of several solar telescopes and founded the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics.
Fighter Mafia
The Fighter Mafia was a controversial group of United States Air Force officers and civilian defense analysts who, in the 1960s and 1970s, advocated for fighter design criteria in opposition to those of the design boards of the time, and the use of John Boyd and Thomas P. Christie's energy-maneuverability (E-M) theory in designing fighter aircraft. The Mafia influenced the specifications for the F-X Program and went on to independently develop specifications for the Light Weight Fighter (LWF). Mafia associate Harry Hillaker designed the purely air superiority day fighter prototype YF-16, which won the LWF contest but then turned into the multi-role F-16 Fighting Falcon. The group's nickname, a professional jest coined by Everest Riccioni, an Air Force member of Italian heritage, was a rejoinder to the "Bomber Mafia".

Active radar homing
Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.

The NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Three.
Chaetomorpha antennina
Chaetomorpha antennina is a species of green algae of the family Cladophoraceae.

Chaetomorpha antennina typically forms erect brush-like tufts of straight, rigid, unbranched filaments on surf-exposed intertidal to shallow subtidal rocky shores and attaches by rhizoids; however, under laboratory culture conditions the filaments may produce lateral branches, demonstrating morphological plasticity.

Cladophoraceae
Cladophoraceae are a family of green algae in the order the Cladophorales.  This family includes notably the genus Chaetomorpha which has a few members used in saltwater aquariums.

Members of the Cladophoraceae are mostly found in marine or brackish habitats; a few taxa are found in freshwater habitats.