hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Football rivalries in France
In many countries the term local derby, or simply just derby (pronounced 'dar-bee' after the English town) means a sporting fixture between two (generally local) rivals, particularly in Association Football. In North America, crosstown rivalry is a more common term.

Although there are no strict rules, derby games in France are commonly divided into three categories – derbies, local derbies and classicos (originally a Spanish expression).

A derby is a game involving two teams from neighbouring cities, a local derby would involve two teams from the same city and a classico involves two teams from two cities quite far apart geographically which have developed a great rivalry along the years – such as PSG and Marseille in football for example.

Le Mans FC
Le Mans Football Club (French pronunciation: [ləmɑ̃]; commonly referred to as Le Mans FC) is a French professional football club based in Le Mans. The club competes in Ligue 2 from 2025–26, the second tier of French football after promotion from Championnat National in 2024–25. The club was founded in 1985 as a result of a merger under the name Le Mans Union Club 72 (abbreviated as MUC 72). In 2010, Le Mans changed its name to Le Mans FC to coincide with the re-modeling of the club, which includes moving into a new stadium, the Stade Marie-Marvingt, which opened in January 2011. The stadium is based in the interior of the Circuit de la Sarthe, a famous circuit in the city.

The club were controversially relegated from 2019–20 Ligue 2 when the season was terminated early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot
The 43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) to form the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry in 1881. The regiment went on to become the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry in 1908.

Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA) is a bimonthly peer reviewed scientific journal published by the Seismological Society of America. The editor-in-chief is Thomas Pratt (U. S. Geological Survey). The journal covers seismology and related disciplines. Topical coverage includes theory and observation of seismic waves, specific earthquakes, the structure of the Earth, earthquake sources, hazard and risk estimation, and earthquake engineering. Publishing formats include regular papers and short notes. Publication has been continuous since 1911.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.

Hydrogen spectral series
The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. The classification of the series by the Rydberg formula was important in the development of quantum mechanics. The spectral series are important in astronomical spectroscopy for detecting the presence of hydrogen and calculating red shifts.
Gloydius huangi
Gloydius huangi, the Lancang Plateau viper, is a species of Asian moccasin from Tibet. Taxonomically it is named after Dr. Song Huang, a herpetologist from Huangshan University, and the suggested common name is after the name of the river basin it is found in, in hopes of promoting its conservation. As with all pit vipers, it is venomous. It is most closely related to G. monticola.

Gloydius
Gloydius is a genus of pit vipers endemic to Asia, also known as Asian moccasins or Asian ground pit vipers. Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd, this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 species are currently recognized.
Chi Omega Chapter House
The Chi Omega Chapter House is a building built in 1927 on the campus of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The house is located at 940 West Maple in Fayetteville.

Campus of the University of Arkansas
There are many buildings on the campus of the University of Arkansas. Most of the historic structures are part of the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. This article focuses on the non-listed buildings.
HD 28185 b
HD 28185 b is an extrasolar planet 128 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. The planet was discovered orbiting the Sun-like star HD 28185 in April 2001 as a part of the CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets, and its existence was independently confirmed by the Magellan Planet Search Survey in 2008. HD 28185 b orbits its sun in a circular orbit that is at the inner edge of its star's habitable zone.

Minimum mass
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement of stars in the line-of-sight, so the real orbital inclinations and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.  This is a result of sin i degeneracy.

If inclination i can be determined, the true mass can be obtained from the calculated minimum mass using the following relationship:
2003 Rugby World Cup warm-up matches
Throughout August 2003, various teams prepared for the Rugby World Cup in Australia with a short series of test matches, and involving the Six Nations sides. In addition, Fiji toured New Zealand and South America and Samoa played two matches with provincial teams of New Zealand. Argentina and South Africa played other, not international, Tests.

The tests replaced the Autumn international series in November, which does not take place in World Cup years. There were two tournaments involving teams that were preparing for the World Cup.

The 2003 Tri Nations, with Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

The Pan American championship with Argentina, Canada, United States, Uruguay

There were also a tour of Fiji in New Zealand and South America

Note: this article does not include international results not involving at least one side who had qualified for the 2003 World Cup

2003 Tri Nations Series
The 2003 Tri Nations Series was contested from 12 July to 16 August between the national rugby union teams of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. New Zealand won the tournament for the fifth time.

New Zealand regained the Bledisloe Cup which Australia had held since 1998.
Stand on the Sich (1679)
The Stand on the Sich took place between the Ottoman-Crimean army led by Pasha Kara-Muhammad and the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Ivan Sirko, on the Lobodukha tract between islands, outside of Sich, in 1679.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Chinatown, Winnipeg
Chinatown is a neighbourhood in Winnipeg, Manitoba, that was formed in 1909 and serves as an enclave of Chinese expatriates.

Located on King Street between James and Higgins Avenues, adjacent to the Exchange District, it was officially recognized in 1968. Winnipeg's Chinatown is home to many shops and restaurants, including Asian grocery stores and an herbal products store.

In more recent years, as of 2021, a newer de facto Chinatown in the city's Fort Richmond area has seen more Chinese-Canadian businesses open every year.

Winnipeg Route 42
Route 42 is a major arterial road located in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

It connects the suburbs of North Kildonan, East Kildonan, Fort Rouge, Fort Garry, and St. Norbert with the city's downtown core. In the north, it is a continuation of Manitoba Provincial Road 204 (PR 204); in the south, it is a continuation of PTH 75 (or Lord Selkirk Highway).

The route is commonly known as Pembina Highway between PTH 75 to Donald Street; as the Disraeli Freeway between Main Street and Talbot Avenue; and as Henderson Highway from Talbot to PR 204.
Sphingonotus corsicus
Sphingonotus corsicus, the Corsican sand grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in Corsica and other Mediterranean countries.

The IUCN conservation status of Sphingonotus corsicus is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was assessed in 2015.

Bandwing
Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.  Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

Locusta migratoria: the migratory locust

Chortoicetes terminifera: the Australian plague locust

Locustana pardalina the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.
Hemel Hempstead Evening Post-Echo
The Evening Post-Echo was a British newspaper published in Hemel Hempstead and launched in 1967.

This newspaper was notable for three reasons:

1. It used the then cutting-edge technology of photo-typesetting at a time when the old 'hot metal' process was the norm.

2. It was one of the few non-national newspapers to publish six days a week.

3. It was neither national nor local, but a regional newspaper covering three counties (Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire).

From launch, the paper flourished and grew, attaining a circulation of over 90,000 copies per night at its peak.

News UK
News Corp UK & Ireland Limited (trading as News UK, formerly News International and NI Group) is a British newspaper publisher, and a wholly owned subsidiary of the American mass media conglomerate News Corp. It is the current publisher of The Times, The Sunday Times, and The Sun newspapers; its former publications include the Today, News of the World, and The London Paper newspapers. It was established in February 1981 under the name News International plc. In June 2002, the company name was changed to News International Limited, and on 31 May 2011,   to NI Group Limited, and on 26 June 2013 to News UK.
Reformed Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (RPCT; Chinese: 基督教改革宗長老會; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ki-tok-kàu Kái-kek-chong Tiúⁿ-ló-hōe) was officially established in 1971 when the First Presbytery was formed as a result of the union of various conservative Presbyterian and Continental Reformed congregations planted by various missionary groups. Its origin could be traced back to the 1950s when the very first missionaries of those Presbyterian and Continental Reformed missionaries arrived in Taiwan.

Reformed confessions of faith
The reformed confessions of faith are the confessional documents of various Reformed churches. These express the doctrinal views of the churches adopting the confession. Confessions play a crucial part in the theological identity of reformed churches, either as standards to which ministers must subscribe, or more generally as accurate descriptions of their faith. Most confessions date to the 16th and 17th century.

Catechisms, canons, theses and other such documents may not be confessions per se, yet these still serve as symbols of the reformed faith.
Kostas Martakis
Kostas Martakis (Greek: Κώστας Μαρτάκης; born 25 May 1984) is a Greek singer and model who rose to fame after appearing on the Greek talent show Dream Show aired by Alpha TV in 2006. Following his participation, he released five studio albums and also participated in the Greek national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 and 2014. In 2011, he participated in the second season of Greece's Dancing with the Stars, placing second and three years later he was in the backstage host featuring Doukissa Nomikou.  In 2013, he took part in the first season of Your Face Sounds Familiar.

MAD TV (TV channel)
MAD TV (also known as MAD) is a Greek television network that broadcasts music related programming including video clips, music news, and interviews as well as concert footage. It was the first music station in Greece, launched on June 6, 1996, and is run by Andreas Kouris.
John Pirrie Conerney
John Pirrie Conerney was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the late 19th century and the first four decades of the 20th.

Conerney was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained deacon in 1894 and priest in 1896. He began his career with a curacy at Donagheady. He held incumbencies at Learmount, Templecrone, Burt with Inch, Upper Cumber and Dunfanaghy. He was appointed Private Chaplain to the Bishop of Derry in 1916 and Dean of Raphoe in 1917. He was Dean and Chapalin until his death in County Donegal on 2 November 1940.

Dean of Raphoe
The Dean of Raphoe is based at the Cathedral Church of St Eunan in Raphoe, County Donegal, in Ulster. The Deanery is within the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe within the Church of Ireland. The Dean is the Rev. Elizabeth (Liz) Fitzgerald, the first female dean in the cathedral’s history.
Rosiana Coleners
Rosiana Coleners (Dendermonde, circa 1500 – Dendermonde, 1560 or after 1571) was a Southern Netherlandish poet.

She was born in Dendermonde. In her time, Coleners was friends with Anna Bijns and Lucas d'Heere. Only one poem by Coleners has survived, because it was later printed by Lucas d'Heere in Den Hof ende Boomgaerd der Poësien. It was a response to a poem by d'Heere addressed to "d'exellente Rosiane".

Lucas de Heere
Lucas de Heere or Lucas d'Heere (Ghent, 1534 – possibly Paris, 29 August 1584) was a Flemish painter, watercolorist, print artist, biographer, playwright, poet and writer. His costume books and portraits are a valuable resource for knowledge about 16th-century fashion.
Gmina Wierzbinek
Gmina Wierzbinek is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzbinek, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Konin and 109 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 148.05 square kilometres (57.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,597.

Konin County
Konin County (Polish: powiat koniński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Konin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Golina, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Konin, Kleczew, 19 km (12 mi) north of Konin, Sompolno, 27 km (17 mi) north-east of Konin, Ślesin, 17 km (11 mi) north of Konin, and Rychwał, 18 km (11 mi) south of Konin.

The county covers an area of 1,578.71 square kilometres (609.5 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 123,646, out of which the population of Golina is 4,330, that of Kleczew is 4,173, that of Sompolno is 3,695, that of Ślesin is 3,102, that of Rychwał is 2,377, and the rural population is 105,969.
David Ellsworth
David Ellsworth (born June 25, 1944 died 16 June 2025) was an American woodturner known for his tools and techniques for creating thin-walled hollow wood vessels. He began woodturning in 1958 and later earned both BFA and MFA degrees in sculpture from the University of Colorado, Boulder. His work is in the collections of over 40 museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In recognition of his contributions to the field, he received the Smithsonian Visionary Award in 2021.

Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
The Musée des Arts Décoratifs (French pronunciation: [myze dez‿aʁ dekɔʁatif], English: Museum of Decorative Arts) is a museum in Paris, France, dedicated to the exhibition and preservation of the decorative arts. Located in the city’s 1st arrondissement, the museum occupies the Pavillon de Marsan, the north-western wing of the Palais du Louvre. With approximately one million objects in its collection, the Musée des Arts Décoratifs is the largest museum of decorative arts in continental Europe. It is one of three museums operated by the non-profit arts association MAD, founded in 1882.
Charles Hahn
Charles Theophilus Hahn (also surnamed Headley; 1 March 1870 Wandsworth, London – 16 September 1930 Covent Garden, London), was an Anglican priest in South London, Yorkshire and South Africa. He was an amateur artist  and botanical illustrator.

Newlands, Cape Town
Newlands (Nuweland) is an upmarket suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. 
It is located at the foot of Table Mountain in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, and is the wettest suburb in South Africa due to its high winter rainfall. The neighborhood of Bishopscourt is situated to its southwest, Claremont to its southeast, and Rondebosch to its east and northeast.
Timex Group USA
Timex Group USA, Inc. (formerly known as Timex Corporation) is an American global watch manufacturing company founded in 1854 as the Waterbury Clock Company in Waterbury, Connecticut. In 1944, the company became insolvent but was reformed into Timex Corporation. In 2008, the company was acquired by Timex Group B.V. and was renamed Timex Group USA.

Thomas Olsen purchased the Waterbury Clock Company in New York in 1941 and renamed it Timex, a portmanteau of the names of Time magazine and Kleenex.

Guess (company)
Guess?, Inc. (styled as GUESS or Guess?) is an American clothing company, notable for its black-and-white advertisements. It licenses its brand on other fashion accessories, such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, bags and shoes.

Operating in several countries around the world, most of its stores are in the USA and Canada.
Dilal Khan
Dilwar Khan (Bengali: দেলোয়ার খাঁ, romanized: Delwar Khan), popularly known as Raja Dilal (Bengali: দিলাল রাজা, romanized: Dilal Raja), was the last independent ruler of Sandwip, an island in present-day Bangladesh. His reputation as a strong and charitable ruler has made him considered to be the Robin Hood of Southeast Bengal, robbing the rich and rewarding the poor. His legacy remains popular today, and is engraved in local folklore and strange legends in Sandwip. He has been considered the most influential Bengali Muslim ruler of the 17th century.

Shaista Khan
Mirza Abu Talib (b. 22 November 1600 – d. 1694), better known as Shaista Khan, was a general and the Subahdar of Mughal Bengal. He was maternal uncle to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, and acted as a key figure during his reign. Shaista Khan initially governed the Deccan, where he clashed with the Maratha ruler Shivaji. However, he was most notable for his tenure as the governor of Bengal from 1664 to 1688. Under Shaista Khan's authority, the city of Dhaka and Mughal power in the province attained its greatest heights. His achievements include construction of notable mosques such as the Sat Gambuj Mosque and masterminding the conquest of Chittagong. Shaista Khan was also responsible for sparking the Anglo-Mughal War with the English East India Company.
2016 Katowice Open
The 2016 Katowice Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Katowice Open and an International tournament on the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place at Spodek arena in Katowice, Poland, from 4 April to 10 April 2016.

Katowice Open
The Katowice Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on an indoor hard court in Katowice, Poland and was held in April. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and was an International-level tournament on the WTA Tour. Katowice Open replaced the Danish Open beginning with the 2013 WTA Tour season. The official tournament ball was Babolat Roland Garros’. The organizer of the tournament was SOS Music company from Toruń, which had obtained the license from Octagon sport agency. Telewizja Polska had taken the television partnership of the event. The tournament was broadcast by TVP in April.

From 2014, the surface was changed from clay to hard.

Octagon chose to relocate the event to Biel/Bienne as the Ladies Open Biel Bienne beginning in 2017.
Kröv
Kröv (German pronunciation: [kʁøːf]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Bernkastel-Wittlich
Bernkastel-Wittlich (German: Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Vulkaneifel, Cochem-Zell, Rhein-Hunsrück, Birkenfeld, Trier-Saarburg and Bitburg-Prüm.