hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mekelle offensive
The Mekelle offensive was a military campaign fought at the start of the Tigray War between the national armed forces of Ethiopia and the Tigray Region. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) launched an offensive aimed at seizing the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) controlled regional capital of Mekelle starting on 17 November 2020.

Fierce fighting occurred in the Wajirat district of Tigray between the ENDF and newly formed Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) as the military pushed towards the regional capital. The Ethiopian Air Force was heavily employed during the offensive, the use of drone strikes in particular, and after several weeks the TDF was routed into the mountains.

Mekelle itself came under air attack, and the city fell to the Ethiopian army on 28 November 2020, marking the end of the offensive. Despite their initial defeat, TDF fighters began organizing an insurgency soon after.

Debretsion Gebremichael
Debretsion Gebremichael (Tigrinya: ደብረጽዮን ገብረሚካኤል, pronunciation: [dɐbrɐtsʼjon gɐbrɐmikäe̯l]; born c. 1963) is an Ethiopian politician serving as the chairman of Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). He was previously the president of the Tigray Region. His position as titular head of the Tigray Region was disputed by the federal government of Ethiopia who in November 2020 appointed Mulu Nega as the chief executive of the Transitional Government of Tigray, succeeded by Abraham Belay. From July 2021 to March 2023, Debretsion again led the Tigray Region, while Abraham Belay left the transitional government to become Ethiopia's minister of Defence.

His party nominally won all 152 contested seats and 98.2% of the votes of the 2020 Tigray regional election, which was held in defiance of the federal government that had postponed the elections because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia.
Kavkazskaya (rural locality)
Kavkazskaya (Russian: Кавка́зская; Ukrainian: Кавказька, romanized: Kavkazka) is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Kavkazsky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River. Population:  11,164 (2010 Census); 11,531 (2002 Census); 10,755 (1989 Soviet census). The stanitsa was the administrative center of the Kavkazsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast.

Kuban oblast
The Kuban oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of the Crimean Khanate and the land of the Circassians. It was dissolved upon the assumption of supreme authority by the Kuban Rada in 1917 and the independence of the Kuban People's Republic in 1918. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinodar (present-day Krasnodar).
Second Bangkok City Hall
The Second Bangkok City Hall (Thai: ศาลาว่าการกรุงเทพมหานคร 2), commonly known as Bangkok City Hall 2, is the secondary headquarters of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) in Din Daeng district, Bangkok. It is currently the meeting place for the Bangkok Metropolitan Council.

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) is the local government of Bangkok, which includes the capital of Thailand. The government is composed of two branches: the executive (or the Governor of Bangkok) and the legislative (or Bangkok Metropolitan Council). The administration's roles are to formulate and implement policies to manage Bangkok. Its purview includes transport services, urban planning, waste management, housing, roads and highways, security services, and the environment.

According to the Thailand Future Foundation, Bangkok employs a workforce of 97,000, including 3,200 municipal officers in Bangkok city,  200 in the City Law Enforcement Department, and 3,000 in district offices.
2026 Crete Challenger
The 2026 Crete Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2026 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Hersonissos, Greece between 2 and 8 March 2026.

2026 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2026 is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2026 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 156 tournaments (as of 3 August 2026), with prize money ranging from $63,000 up to $300,000. It is the 49th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle, and 18th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Pendant vault
Pendant vaulting is considered to be a type of English fan vaulting.  The pendant vault is a rare form of vault, attributed to fifteenth century English Gothic architecture, in which large decorative pendants hang from the vault at a distance from the walls. In some cases, the pendants are a large form of boss.   In his book on fan vaults, Walter Leedy defines the fan vault stating: “Fan vaults have the following specific interrelated visual and structural characteristics: (1) vaulting conoids of regular geometric form, (2) vertical ribs, each of consistent curvature and placement, (3) a distinct central spandrel panel, (4) ribs perpendicular to the vaulting surface, and (5) applied surface patterning.”

Caudebec-en-Caux
Caudebec-en-Caux (French pronunciation: [kodbɛk ɑ̃ ko], literally Caudebec in Caux) is a former commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Rives-en-Seine.
1970 Copa Argentina
The 1970 Copa Argentina was the second edition of Copa Argentina, being held from March 1970 to March 1971. The tournament was played as a knockout competition, with the participation of 32 teams; 18 of the Primera División, 1 of the Primera B, 13 of the regional leagues.

Copa Argentina
The Copa Argentina (English: Argentine Cup), officially known as the "Copa Argentina AXION energy" due to sponsorship reasons, is an official football cup competition organized by the Argentine Football Association (AFA).

The first editions of the championship were contested by teams playing in Primera División that did not earn eligibility to participate in the Copa Libertadores of the following year, and the best placed clubs playing in regional leagues.

The tournament was re-launched in 2011, with teams of all divisions that form the Argentine football league system taking part of the championship. The winner of Copa Argentina qualifies for the Supercopa Argentina against the reigning champions of Primera División.

Boca Juniors is the most successful team with four titles won, the latest in 2019–20.
Azamara Onward
MS Azamara Onward, formerly R Three and Pacific Princess, is a cruise ship owned and operated by Azamara Cruises since 2022. She was built in 1999 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in Saint-Nazaire, France for Renaissance Cruises. In 2002, following the failure of Renaissance Cruises, the ship was sold to Princess Cruises and renamed Pacific Princess. On 21 January 2021, Carnival announced the ship had been sold to an unnamed buyer, later revealed to be Azamara Cruises.

Chantiers de l'Atlantique
Chantiers de l'Atlantique is a shipyard in Saint-Nazaire, France. It is Europe’s largest shipyard and one of the world's largest, constructing a wide range of commercial, naval, and passenger ships. The Dock STX Europe is the fourth largest shipbuilding hall and the sixth-largest usable volume in the world as of 2025. It is located near Nantes, at the mouth of the Loire river and the deep waters of the Atlantic, which make the sailing of large ships in and out of the shipyards easy.

The shipyard was owned by Alstom from 1976 onwards, became Alstom-Atlantique, and was later part of Aker Yards when Aker Group acquired the Alstom Marine business in 2006. In 2008, the South Korean company STX Corporation acquired Aker Yards, and the shipyard became part of STX Europe (formed by the renaming of Aker Yards).

After the bankruptcy of STX Corporation, the shipyard was acquired by the French government and reverted to its original name of Chantiers de l'Atlantique.
Wayne Eyre
General Wayne Donald Eyre (born 1966/1967) is a retired Canadian Forces officer who served as the chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) from 2021 to 2024. Eyre was named acting CDS on February 24, 2021, and appointed to the full position on November 25, 2021. He was also the commander of the Canadian Army and chief of the Army Staff.

Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)
Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS; French: chef d'état-major de la Défense; CEMD) is the title of the professional head of the Canadian Armed Forces. As the senior military position, the CDS advises the Cabinet, particularly the minister of national defence and the prime minister. The position is a Crown-in-Council appointment made on the advice of the prime minister.
Agallis
Agallis (Ancient Greek: Ἀγαλλίς; called Anagallis Ancient Greek: Ἀναγαλλίς by the Suda) of Corcyra was a female grammarian who wrote about Homer.  She, or her father, was a student of Aristophanes of Byzantium.

According to Athenaeus, she argued that ball games were invented by Nausicaa.  Two scholiasts on the Iliad quote an argument that the two cities that Homer describes on the Shield of Achilles represented Athens and Eleusis; one attributes this to "Agallias of Corcyra", the other to "Dalis of Corcyra".  Some scholars believe that Agallias was Agallis' father; others that it is an error and Agallis was the source of this argument.

Agallis is sometimes incorrectly described as a philosopher.  This derives from the misconception that Ptolemy's Life of Aristotle was dedicated to her; it is now known to have been dedicated to a man named Gallus.

Athenaeus
Athenaeus of Naucratis (/ˌæθəˈniːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀθήναιος ὁ Nαυκρατίτης or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; Latin: Athenaeus Naucratita) was an ancient Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD. The Suda says only that he lived in the times of Marcus Aurelius, but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus, who died in 192, implies that he survived that emperor. He was a contemporary of Adrantus.

Athenaeus himself states that he was the author of a treatise on the thratta, a type of fish mentioned by Archippus and other comic poets, and of a history of the Syrian kings. Both works are lost. Of his works, only the fifteen-volume Deipnosophistae mostly survives.
Triticeae
Triticeae is a botanical tribe within the subfamily Pooideae of grasses that includes genera with many domesticated species. Major crop genera found in this tribe include wheat (see wheat taxonomy), barley, and rye; crops in other genera include some for human consumption, and others used for animal feed or rangeland protection. Among the world's cultivated species, this tribe has some of the most complex genetic histories. An example is bread wheat, which contains the genomes of three species with only one being a wheat Triticum species. Seed storage proteins in the Triticeae are implicated in various food allergies and intolerances.

Durum wheat
Durum (/ˈdjʊərəm/), also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second-most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5 to 8% of global wheat production. It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat strains formerly grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC, which developed a naked, free-threshing form. Like emmer, durum is awned (with bristles). It is the predominant wheat grown in the Middle East.
Demetae
The Demetae were a Celtic people of Iron Age and Roman period, who inhabited modern Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire in south-west Wales. The tribe also gave their name to the medieval Kingdom of Dyfed, the modern area and county of Dyfed and the distinct dialect of Welsh spoken in modern south-west Wales, Dyfedeg.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.
F. A. Brockhaus AG
F. A. Brockhaus AG was a German book publishing firm founded by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus. It was best known for its eponymous encyclopedia and other renown bedrock brands for lexical functional grammar such as Duden, Meyers or the Harenberg Lexikon-Verlag and Kunstverlag Weingarten. Its legal successor is the company Bibliographisches Institut & F. A. Brockhaus AG.

The publicly traded company was eventually divested through fundamental asset-stripping after rights of the renown Brockhaus brand, including rights for its online presence and Meyers Online, were sold off to Bertelsmann subsidiary Arvato, following a stock take-over through majority stakeholder Cornelsen Verlag. The remaining book publisher and legal successor, which has completely withdrawn from any lexical functional grammar or reference-works business fields, now operates under the name Bibliographisches Institut GmbH.

Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
Meyers Konversations-Lexikon or Meyers Lexikon was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie.

Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house Bibliographisches Institut in 1826, intended to issue a universal encyclopaedia meant for a broad public: people having a general knowledge as well as businessmen, technicians and scholars, considering contemporary works like those of Pierer and Brockhaus to be superficial or obsolete.
2016–17 PBA Philippine Cup finals
The 2016–17 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Philippine Cup finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2016–17 PBA Philippine Cup, and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The San Miguel Beermen and Barangay Ginebra San Miguel competed for the 39th Philippine Cup championship and the 119th overall championship contested by the league.

The championship series was also the 5th time (first since the 2009 Fiesta Conference finals) that the two teams met in the finals.

San Miguel won the finals series, four games to one, winning their third straight Philippine Cup championship. The Beermen will also have permanent possession of the second version of the Jun Bernardino Trophy.

2016–17 PBA Philippine Cup
The 2016–17 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Philippine Cup, also known as the 2016–17 Oppo-PBA Philippine Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the first conference of the 2016–17 PBA season. The tournament started on November 20, 2016, and ended on March 5, 2017. The tournament does not allow teams to hire foreign players or imports.
Air Officer In-Charge Maintenance
An Air Officer-in-Charge Maintenance is one of the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) at the Air Headquarters (Vayu Bhawan) of the Indian Air Force. AOM oversees policy, planning and procurement related to the maintenance and logistics aspects of Indian Air Force to ensure operational readiness and technical reliability.

Senior Officer of the rank of Air Marshal rank hold this office. Currently, Air Marshal  Venkataramanan Rajasekhar AVSM holds the AOM's office.

Air marshal (India)
Air marshal is a three-star air officer rank in the Indian Air Force. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Air Force. Air marshal ranks above the two-star rank of air vice marshal and below the four-star rank of air chief marshal, which is held by the Chief of the Air Staff.

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is lieutenant general and in the Indian Navy is vice admiral. Officers in the rank of air marshal hold important appointments at the air commands and at the air headquarters.
Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – 1
The Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement – 1 (Spanish: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario de Izquierda-1, abbreviated MNRI-1) was a political party in Bolivia, that emerged as a splinter-group of the Left-wing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNRI) ahead of the 1985 elections. MNRI-1 was formed by a peasant sector. The presidential candidate of MNRI-1 was Francisco Figueroa and their candidate for vice president was Marcos Chuquimia. The Figueroa-Chuquimia ticket obtained 11,696 votes (0.78% of the national vote).

MNRI-1 disappeared shortly after the elections. In December 1984 it had changed name to Revolutionary Alliance Movement (Movimiento de la Alianza Revolucionaria, MAR). MAR proclaimed itself as the sole genuine left-wing party in the country, denouncing the Democratic and Popular Union as 'bourgeois'.

Democratic and Popular Unity
Democratic and Popular Unity (Spanish: Unidad Democrática y Popular) was a Bolivian umbrella political alliance. It existed from 1977 to 1984. It was formed in 1977 by former president Hernán Siles Zuazo and consisted chiefly of Siles' Movimiento Nationalista Revolutionario de Izquierda (Leftwing Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), a spin-off of the Moviminento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement), and Jaime Paz Zamora's Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Revolutionary Left Movement). The coalition emerged as a major political force and gained support with Bolivian voters in the late 1970s, due to public dissatisfaction with the military dictatorships that had ruled Bolivia since 1964.
Bình Minh
Bình Minh is a town of Vĩnh Long Province, in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Under the decree No 89/NQ-CP dated Dec 28, 2012, the cabinet of Vietnam SR decided to upgrade Bình Minh of Vĩnh Long to town from rural district.

The area of Bình Minh is 93.62 km2 with 95,282 inhabitants, 2013 census.

As of 2003 the district had a population of 177,275. The district covers an area of 244 km2. The district capital lies at Cái Vồn.

Cần Thơ
Cần Thơ (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kə̀n tʰə̄ː] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in Vietnam, and the largest city along the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam. It is noted for its floating markets, Bánh tráng-making village, and picturesque rural canals. It has a population of around 4,199,824 as of 2024, and is located on the south bank of the Hậu River, a distributary of the Mekong River.

The city is nicknamed the "Western Metropolis" (Tây Đô / 西都), and is located 169 kilometres (105 miles) from Hồ Chí Minh City.
Konstantinos Genidounias
Konstantinos Genidounias (born 3 May 1993) is a Greek water polo player. He was part of the Greek team that won the bronze medal at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships. Genidounias is considered one of the top scorers in the world. His top personal distinction is when he became the top scorer of the Champions League 2018–19 season as he scored 42 goals while in the same year he emerged ninth top player in the world.

A1 Ethniki Water Polo
The A1 Ethniki (Greek: Α1 Εθνική Κατηγορία), often referred to as the Greek Water Polo League, is the highest professional water polo league in Greece. It is run by the Hellenic Swimming Federation. It is considered one of the top national leagues in European water polo, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions.

Olympiacos Piraeus has conquered the most Greek League titles, with 39. Ethnikos also has the record for consecutive championships, with 18.
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthylene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is an ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon. The molecule resembles naphthalene with positions 1 and 8 connected by a -CH=CH- unit. It is a yellow solid.  Unlike many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it has no fluorescence.

Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Lodewijk Willemsens
Lodewijk Willemsens or Ludovicus Willemsens (1630–1702) was a Flemish sculptor from Antwerp. His works comprise mostly sculptured church furniture, and to a lesser extent, individual sculptures, both portrait busts as well as statues of saints for churches.

Paderborn
Paderborn (German pronunciation: [paːdɐˈbɔʁn] ⓘ; Westphalian: Patterbuorn, also Paterboärn) is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and Born, an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.
Winkelsett
Winkelsett is a municipality in the district of Oldenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany.

A significant tourist attraction is a set of two Megalithic tombs in the district of Reckum, called the Reckum Stones.  They are the last remnant of a megalithic cultural area east of the Hunte River. The two graves are located in a field at the edge of a forest and are in good condition.  They are along the Route of Megalithic Culture.

Reckum was incorporated into Winkelsett on March 1, 1974.  Besides Reckum, the other districts in Winkelsett are Barjenbruch, Hackfeld, Harjehausen, Heitzhausen, Hölingen, Kellinghausen, Kieselhorst, Mahlstedt, Rüdebusch, Spradau, Winkelsett (same name as the municipality), and Wohlde.

Notable residents have included Hille Perl, the virtuoso performer of the viola da gamba and lirone.

Oldenburg (district)
The district of Oldenburg (German: Landkreis Oldenburg, not to be confused with the cities of Oldenburg and Oldenburg in Holstein) is a district in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the districts of Diepholz, Vechta, Cloppenburg and Ammerland, the city of Oldenburg, the district of Wesermarsch and the city of Delmenhorst.
Salisbury International Arts Festival
Salisbury International Arts Festival (founded in 1974) is an annual multi-arts festival that delivers over 150 arts events each year in and around the city of Salisbury, England. Events include concerts, comedy, poetry, dance, exhibitions, outdoor spectacles, and commissioned works.

The festival makes use of the surrounding landscape, hosting events in settings including the ancient circles of Stonehenge, Old Wardour Castle, the Wiltshire chalk downs, and Salisbury Cathedral. Every four years a new director is chosen to deliver the annual festival.

In 2018 the festival organisers amalgamated with Salisbury Playhouse and Salisbury Arts Centre to form Wiltshire Creative.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.