hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of operating system kernels
A kernel is a component of a computer operating system.  It serves as an intermediary connecting software to hardware, enabling them to work together seamlessly. A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.

Comparison of Linux distributions
Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available.

These tables compare notable distribution's latest stable release on wide-ranging objective criteria. It does not cover each operating system's subjective merits, branches marked as unstable or beta, nor compare Linux distributions with other operating systems.
Concha Valdés Miranda
Concha Valdés Miranda (July 16, 1928 – August 19, 2017) was a Cuban songwriter and performer of Cuban music.

Miranda was born in Havana, Cuba. Her greatest success may have been "El que más te ha querido". It was nominated for the Grammy and the first place in the United States. In addition, she is the author of numerous songs that were popular in the voices of performers such as Toña la Negra, Celia Cruz, Lucía Méndez, Olga Guillot, Tito Rodríguez, Felipe Pirela, Joel Gabino, Los Panchos, Gilberto Santa Rosa, Santos Colón, Floria Márquez, Ismael Miranda, Tito Nieves, Tito Puente,  Sergio Vargas, Johnny Ventura, Cheo Feliciano and Dyango, among others.

Many of her compositions have been used as themes in Spanish and Mexican movies. She is among the first artists to become part of the composers of Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame. She died in Miami, aged 89.

Johnny Ventura
Juan de Dios Ventura Soriano (8 March 1940 – 28 July 2021), better known as Johnny Ventura nicknamed El Caballo Mayor, was a Dominican singer and band leader of merengue and salsa.

In 2004, he received the Latin Grammy Award for Best Merengue/Bachata Album for his album Sin Desperdicio; also, he was nominated for Best Merengue Album (2006), Best Contemporary Tropical Album (2010) and Best Salsa Album (2016) categories. In 2006, he received the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and in 2022, he entered the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame.

The merengue legend was a legislator of the Lower House between 1982 and 1986. He also served as vicemayor of Santo Domingo from 1994 to 1998, and as mayor of Santo Domingo from 1998 to 2002.
Nairobi City County
Nairobi City County is one of the 47 Counties of Kenya and serves as the capital of Kenya. It is the most populous county as of the 2019 census with a population of 4,397,073, yet among the smallest in area at 696.1 km². Despite its small size, Nairobi County contributes approximately 27.5% of Kenya's Gross Domestic Product, making it the economic powerhouse of the nation.

The county was established on 4 March 2013 under Kenya's new constitution, replacing the former Nairobi Province administrative unit. It comprises 17 constituencies and 85 electoral wards, with 11 gazetted sub-counties for administrative purposes.

Nairobi Securities Exchange
The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) was established  in 1954 as the Nairobi Stock Exchange, based in Nairobi the capital of Kenya. It was a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act in British Kenya. The exchange had 66 listed companies in February 2021.
López Sicardó (Oriente)
López Sicardó is one of the three sectors in the Oriente barrio of Puerto Rico. López Sicardó is a subbarrio classified as a civil geographic unit within the San Juan Municipio of Puerto Rico. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's Geography Division, it is officially recognized with the Feature ID 2415600. The subbarrio is located at coordinates approximately 18°24'14.81" N latitude and 66°2'2.26" W longitude, with an elevation of about 26 meters (85 feet) above sea level. This geographic designation comes from the Census County/Townships, Census Designated Places (CDPs), and incorporated cities data compiled by the Bureau of the Census as of January 1, 2002. López Sicardó forms part of the urban fabric of San Juan and is included within the northeastern San Juan Municipio, contributing to the area's demographic and geographic profile.

18°24′15″N 66°02′02″W﻿ / ﻿18.4041151°N 66.0339610°W﻿ / 18.4041151; -66.0339610

Oriente, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Oriente is one of the 18 barrios of the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is composed of 3 subbarrios: Borinquen, López Sicardó, and San José. Before 1951, it was a barrio of the former municipality of Rio Piedras. In 2010, it had a population of 31,374. It is surrounded by the barrios of Sabana Llana Norte to the east, Sabana Llana Sur to the south, Hato Rey Central and Hato Rey Norte to the west, and Santurce barrio and the San Jose Lagoon to the north.
Object Desktop
Object Desktop (OD; previously the Object Desktop Network or ODNT) is an online software subscription service created by Stardock for OS/2 and relaunched for Windows in 1997.

Object Desktop includes most graphical user interface customization and productivity products offered by Stardock, including WindowBlinds, Fences, DesktopX, Tweak7, IconPackager and ObjectBar.

Impulse (software)
Impulse was a digital distribution and multiplayer platform. Originally developed by Stardock to succeed Stardock Central, it was purchased by GameStop in March 2011, and was subsequently rebranded as GameStop PC Downloads, with the client being renamed GameStop App. The client was discontinued in April 2014.

Impulse facilitated the purchase, download and updating of software. The platform also provided blogging, friends-list, chat, game matchmaking, achievements and ranking to certain games.
Kalateh-ye Malu
Kalateh-ye Malu (Persian: كلاته ملو, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Malū) is a village in Dughayi Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 281, in 68 families.

Dughayi Rural District
Dughayi Rural District (Persian: دهستان دوغائي) is in Abkuh District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dughayi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Almajeq, now a city.
Kimsa Phujru
Kimsa Phujru (Aymara kimsa three, phujru hole or pit in the earth without water, "three holes", also spelled Quimsa Phujru) is a mountain in the western extensions of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,220 m (13,850 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Kimsa Phujru lies at the Pura Purani River, an affluent of the Qiqa Jawira.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Ceremonial Sitting of the State Council on 7 May 1901 Marking the Centenary of its Foundation
Ceremonial Sitting of the State Council on 7 May 1901 Marking the Centenary of its Foundation (Russian: Торжественное заседание Государственного совета 7 мая 1901 года в день столетнего юбилея со дня его учреждения) is an oil on canvas painting of 1903 by the Russian artist Ilya Repin. The State Council (Russian Empire) had its centenary at the Mariinsky Palace marked by Repin's work. Repin quickly sketched while in the room, and later expanded this into the full painting with the aid of assistants Boris Kustodiev and Ivan Kulikov. The photorealism of the painting was noted in its time.

The painting is in the collection of the Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg.

Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum (Russian: Государственный Русский музей), formerly known as the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (Russian: Русский Музей Императора Александра III), on Arts Square  in Saint Petersburg, is the world's largest depository of Russian fine art. It is also one of the largest art museums in the world with a total area over 30 hectares. In 2022 it attracted  2,651,688  visitors, ranking twelfth on list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Lennart von Post
Ernst Jakob Lennart von Post (16 June 1884 – 11 January 1951) was a Swedish naturalist and geologist. He was the first to publish quantitative analysis of pollen and is counted as one of the founders of palynology. He was a professor at Stockholm University 1929–1950.

Geological Survey of Sweden
not to be confused with the Geologiska föreningen (Swedish: Geologiska föreningen)

Geological Survey of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges geologiska undersökning, SGU) is a Swedish government agency that was founded by Axel Erdmann in 1858, that supervises all mineral deposits activities (surveys and extractions) in Sweden, and further the development of knowledge in the field of geology. The institution also has the right to issue instructions regarding groundwater administration in Sweden.
1981 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament
The 1981 Mid-American Conference baseball tournament took place from May 16 to 18 of that year. The top four regular season finishers of the league's ten teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Bill Theunissen Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. This was the first time the Mid-American Conference held a postseason tournament to determine a champion. Fourth seeded Eastern Michigan won the first tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Mount Pleasant, Michigan
Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is the county seat of Isabella County, which is part of Central Michigan. The population of Mount Pleasant was 21,688 as of the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Union Charter Township, but is politically independent.

Part of the city (with a population of 8,741) is located within the Isabella Indian Reservation, the base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation. The tribe's Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in nearby Chippewa Township is also within the reservation boundaries.

Mount Pleasant is home to the main campuses of Central Michigan University, one of the largest universities in the state with 20,000 students at Mount Pleasant, and Mid Michigan Community College. The student population nearly doubles the population of the city during the academic year, making it a college town. Despite its name, the surrounding area is mostly flat and does not feature any mountains or hills.
Cutting board
A cutting board (or chopping board) is a durable flat surface on which to place material for cutting. The kitchen cutting board is commonly used in food preparation with knives; other types exist for cutting raw materials such as leather, rubber or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of a plank of hardwood or polyethylene, and come in various widths and sizes.

High-density polyethylene
HDPE has SPI resin ID code 2

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkathene" or "polythene" when used for HDPE pipes. With a high strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes and plastic lumber. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its resin identification code.

In 2008, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.
Huntington Beach–La Bolsa Line
The Santa Ana–Huntington Beach Line is a former Pacific Electric interurban railway line in Orange County, California. A single car provided a suburban service between Huntington Beach and the sugar refineries in La Bolsa.

Pacific Electric
The Pacific Electric Railway Company, nicknamed the Red Cars, was a privately owned mass transit system in Southern California consisting of electrically powered streetcars, interurban cars, and buses and was the largest electric railway system in the world in the 1920s. Organized around the city centers of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, it connected cities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Riverside County.

The system shared dual gauge track with the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge Los Angeles Railway, "Yellow Car," or "LARy" system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena, and Torrance.
Tin Yiu Estate
Tin Yiu Estate (Chinese: 天耀邨) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Light Rail Tin Yiu stop, Tin Tsz stop and Tin Shui Wai stop as well as MTR Tin Shui Wai station. It is the first public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai New Town. It is divided into Tin Yiu (I) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(一)邨) and Tin Yiu (II) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(二)邨), and consists of 12 residential buildings completed in 1992 and 1993.

Tin Yau Court (Chinese: 天祐苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court in Tin Shui Wai, near Tin Yiu Estate. It consists of three blocks built in 1992.

Tin Tsz stop
Tin Tsz (Chinese: 天慈) is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level near the Tin Shing Road, near Tin Tsz Estate, in Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long District, Hong Kong. It began service on 7 December 2003 and belongs to Zone 4 of single-ride tickets. It serves Tin Tsz Estate, Tin Lai Court, and Tin Yau Court.
2014–15 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team
The 2014–15 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team represented Kent State University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Flashes, led by fourth year head coach Rob Senderoff, played their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, colloquially known as the MAC Center, as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 12–6 in MAC play to finish in a share for the East Division championship as well as a share of the MAC overall regular season championship. They lost in the quarterfinals of the MAC tournament to Akron. They were invited to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated Middle Tennessee in the first round and Texas A&M Corpus–Christi in the second round before losing in the quarterfinals to Northern Arizona.

2015 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2015 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was a post-season men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2014–15 college basketball season. Tournament first-round games were held on campus sites at the higher seed on March 9. The remaining rounds were held at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland between March 11–14. University at Buffalo won the tournament and received the conference's automatic bid into the 2015 NCAA tournament.
Ago Bay
Ago Bay (英虞湾, Ago-wan) is a bay in the city of Shima, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Ise-Shima region and is one of three marine environments in Shima.

The bay sees many tourists each year, in particular due to a train network owned by Kintetsu which runs trains from both Osaka and Nagoya to Kashiko-jima, an island in the bay.

Ise-Shima
The Ise-Shima (伊勢志摩) region of Japan, also called the Shima Peninsula (志摩半島, Shima-hantō), refers to the areas of eastern Mie Prefecture in or around Ise-Shima National Park, which include the cities Ise, Toba, Shima, and parts of the town of Minami-Ise.  The area thrives on tourism, with many resort hotels and beaches in the area. Ise-Shima is also famed for fresh seafood, particular oysters.

The peninsula extends out into the Pacific Ocean, and unlike the factory-dotted coast of Ise Bay, the main industry is seafood and marine products, particularly pearl cultivation.
Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.

The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, and Durham, as well as the Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria, and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.

Kenneth H. Jackson
Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson (1 November 1909 – 20 February 1991) was an English linguist and a translator who specialised in the Celtic languages, described by Roland Blenner-Hassett as "one of the ablest and most productive Celticists of our time". He argued that text of the Ulster Cycle of tales, written circa AD 1100, preserved an oral tradition originating some six centuries earlier and reflects Celtic Irish society of the third and fourth century AD. His Celtic Miscellany is a popular standard, while his Language and History in Early Britain became the standard account of the early history of the Brittonic languages.

In retirement, Jackson continued his work on place-names and Goidelic languages. However he suffered a stroke in 1984 that restricted his work.

An obituary was published in The Times on 8 March 1991 and in a number of academic journals.
Niklaus Niggeler
Niklaus Niggeler (3 May 1817 in Grossaffoltern – 26 May 1872) was a Swiss politician from the canton of Bern. He was President of the Swiss Council of States (1858/59) and of the National Council (1866).

Council of States (Switzerland)
The Council of States is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the other house  being the National Council. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism.

It comprises 46 members. Twenty of the country's cantons are represented by two councillors each. Six cantons, traditionally called "half cantons", are represented by one councillor each for historical reasons. These are Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden. The councillors serve for four years, and are not bound in their vote to instructions from the cantonal authorities.
Listed buildings in Betley
Betley is a civil parish in the district of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 40 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Betley, Ravenshall, and Wrinehill, and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings are adjacent to, or near, the A531 road, and most are houses and associated structures, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, the earliest of which are timber framed or have timber-framed cores.  The other listed buildings are bridges, a public house, mileposts, and a telephone kiosk.

Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England.

It is named after the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Kidsgrove and several villages and surrounding rural areas lying generally to the west of Newcastle itself. Most of the borough's built-up areas form part of The Potteries Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Staffordshire Moorlands, Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Shropshire and Cheshire East.
3rd federal electoral district of Veracruz
The 3rd federal electoral district of Veracruz (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 03 de Veracruz) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in this district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Magaly Armenta Oliveros. Originally elected for the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), she switched to the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) at the start of the congressional session on 1 September 2024.

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Somalia Governorate
Somalia Governorate was one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa. It was formed from the previously separate colony of Italian Somalia, enlarged by the Ogaden region of the conquered Ethiopian Empire following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.

Jowhar
Jowhar (Somali: Jowhar, Arabic: جوهر, Italian: Giohar) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia. Jowhar is also the administrative capital of Middle Shabelle region of Somalia.

Along with Baidoa, it used to form the joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government, which it captured from the Islamic Courts Union.

The city lies 90 km (50 mi) along a major road north of the national capital of Mogadishu.
Greensburg Downtown Historic District (Greensburg, Indiana)
The Greensburg Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at  Greensburg, Indiana.  It encompasses 67 contributing buildings and 3 contributing objects in the central business district of Greensburg. The district developed between about 1854 and 1945, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, and Classical Revival style architecture.  Located in the district are the separately listed Decatur County Courthouse and Knights of Pythias Building and Theatre.  Other notable buildings include the Palmer Building (c. 1860), YMCA (1915), City Hall (1874), U.S. Post Office, George E. Erdmann Building (1908), .

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Decatur County Courthouse (Indiana)
The Decatur County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Greensburg, Indiana. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is best known for having a growing tree on its roof.
Camp station
Camp station was located on Willow Street in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod. It was used during the summer months as a stop for the adjacent Yarmouth Camp Ground. The wooden board-and-batten station was built in 1863. To accommodate high ridership, the platform was extended by 240 feet (73 m) in 1866. The disused station building was sold in 1925 and reused as a cottage in Dennisport.

Yarmouth, Massachusetts
Yarmouth (/ˈjɑːrməθ/ YAR-məth) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts, United States. The population was 25,023 at the 2020 census.

The town is made up of three major villages: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth, and Yarmouth Port.