hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom is largely carried out at ages 5–16 at primary school and secondary school (though basic numeracy is taught at an earlier age). However voluntary Mathematics education in the UK takes place from 16 to 18, in sixth forms and other forms of further education. Whilst adults can study the subject at universities and higher education more widely. Mathematics education is not taught uniformly as exams and the syllabus vary across the countries of the United Kingdom, notably Scotland.

Mathematics in Education and Industry
MEI (Mathematics in Education and Industry) is an independent educational charity and curriculum development body for mathematics education in the United Kingdom. Income generated through its work is used to support the teaching and learning of mathematics.
Kaisha (The Sopranos)
"Kaisha" is the 77th episode of the HBO television drama series The Sopranos and the 12th episode of the sixth season. It served as the midseason finale to the first part of Season 6, which HBO broadcast in two parts. The episode was written by executive producer Terence Winter, series creator/executive producer David Chase and co-executive producer Matthew Weiner, and directed by longtime series director Alan Taylor, and originally aired in the United States on June 4, 2006, with nearly nine million viewers. However, this episode became the least viewed season finale of any Sopranos season, and critical reception was mixed.

Carmela Soprano
Carmela Soprano (née DeAngelis), played by Edie Falco, is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos. She is married to Mafia boss Tony Soprano. A young Carmela, portrayed by Lauren DiMario, appears in the 2021 prequel film, The Many Saints of Newark. She is known for her strength, intelligence, and conflicted feelings about her marriage and lifestyle.

Falco's performance as Carmela was universally lauded. She won three Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1999, 2001 and 2003, and received six nominations for her role in the series. Falco has also won two Golden Globe Awards and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Plant arithmetic
Plant arithmetic is a form of plant intelligence whereby plants appear to perform arithmetic operations – a form of number sense in plants. Some such plants include the Venus flytrap and Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant intelligence
Plant intelligence is a field of plant biology which aims to understand how plants process the information they obtain from their environment. Plant intelligence has been defined as "any type of intentional and flexible behavior that is beneficial and enables the organism to achieve its goal".

Plant neurobiology is a subfield of plant intelligence research that claims plants possess abilities associated with cognition including anticipation, decision making, learning and memory. Terminology used in plant neurobiology is rejected by the majority of plant scientists as misleading, as plants do not possess consciousness or neurons, thus the term plant gnosophysiology is infrequently used. Most plant scientists tend to avoid using the term "intelligence" to refer to plants in their published research, despite the rise of the term in popular science writing.
Baz Kia Gurab
Baz Kia Gurab (Persian: بازكياگوراب) is a village in, and the capital of, Baz Kia Gurab Rural District in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan province, Iran.

The village is 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Lahijan city, on a Road intersection connecting Lahijan to Rasht and Siahkal. It has a humid climate common in the plains of Gilan.

Lahijan
Lahijan (Persian: لاهیجان) is a city in close proximity to the Caspian Sea within the Central District of Lahijan County, in northwestern Iran's Gilan province. It serves as capital of both the county and the district.

Lahijan is distinguished by its blend of traditional and modern architectural styles. Situated on the northern slope of the Alborz Mountains, the city exhibits an Iranian-European urban structure. Its culture and favourable climatic conditions have positioned Lahijan as a significant tourist destination in northern Iran. The city's foundations are built upon sediments deposited by prominent rivers in Gilan, including the Sepid/Sefid-Rud (White River). Throughout history, Lahijan has been a prominent commercial centre and served as the capital of East Gilan under specific rulers. Over various historical periods, Lahijan has garnered recognition as a notable tourism hub within the Islamic world.
A. J. Matthews
A. J. Matthews (born January 23, 1988) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2007, he has also competed for Bellator MMA, Strikeforce, RIZIN, and King of the Cage.

2014 in Bellator MMA
2014 in Bellator MMA was the tenth season for Bellator MMA, a mixed martial arts promotion. It began on February 28, 2014 and aired on Spike TV.

The season included tournaments for the Heavyweight, Welterweight, Featherweight, Light Heavyweight, and Lightweight weight classes. At the end of the season, Bellator held its first pay-per-view event, Bellator 120, on May 17, 2014.
Dahlbominus fuscipennis
Dahlbominus fuscipennis, the sawfly parasitic wasp, is a species of chalcid wasp from the family Eulophidae which parasitizes the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, among other hosts. It is the only species in the genus Dahlbominus.

Chalcid wasp
Chalcid wasps (/ˈkælsɪd/, from Greek  khalkos 'copper', for their metallic colour) are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily.

Most chalcid wasps are parasitoids of other insects, though other life styles are known, with the herbivorous fig wasps acting as pollinators. Various species are used as biological pest control agents or in scientific research.
MT-LB
The MT-LB (Russian: Многоцелевой Тягач Легкий Бронированный (МТ-ЛБ), romanized: Mnogotselevoy tyagach legky bronirovanny, lit. 'multi-purpose towing vehicle light armoured') is a Soviet multi-purpose, fully amphibious, tracked armoured fighting vehicle in use since the 1970s. It was also produced in Poland, where (starting in the mid-1990s) its YaMZ engine was replaced by a Polish 6-cylinder SW 680 diesel engine.

Huta Stalowa Wola
Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW SA) is a defense contractor that operates a steel mill in the city of Stalowa Wola, Poland. It is a major producer of military equipment and one of the largest heavy construction machinery producers in East-Central Europe.

In 1981 HSW and International Harvester constructed the  TD-40 earth mover, the world's largest at that time. It had plough capacity 19 m3 and the engine had 460 hp. Production began in 1983. TD-40 was used by State Polish mines and was exported to USA, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union. TD-40E variant is still produced under the "Dressta" name.

HSW SA is part of Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA.
Malaysian ringgit
The Malaysian ringgit ((/ˈrɪŋɡɪt/, Malaysian: [ˈriŋget]); plural: ringgit; symbol: RM; currency code: MYR; Malay name: Ringgit Malaysia; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. Issued by the Central Bank of Malaysia, it is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen).

Currency symbol
A currency symbol or currency sign is a graphic symbol used to denote a currency unit. Usually it is defined by a monetary authority, such as the national central bank for the currency concerned.

A symbol may be positioned in various ways, according to national convention: before, after or between the numeric amounts: $2.50, 2,50€ and 250.

Symbols are neither defined nor listed by international standard ISO 4217, which only assigns three-letter codes.

The generic currency sign, used as a placeholder, is ¤.
Abbas Siddiqui
Pirzada Md. Abbas Siddiqui (born 1987) is an Islamic scholar, social activist and Indian politician who founded the Indian Secular Front political party in 2021. He is a cleric of the Furfura Sharif in Hooghly, West Bengal and is the scion of the Siddique family, which is the founder and custodian of the Furfura Sharif.

Furfura Sharif
Furfura is a village in Jangipara community development block of Srirampore subdivision in Hooghly District in the state of West Bengal, India. It is a holy place for some Bengali Muslims. Before the afternoon prayers, people queue up at the mazar (shrine) of Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1846–1939), a prominent pir (holy person) of the town. People say it is the second most prominent mazar in west bengal after Gazi Pir Mazar in Ghutiari Sharif.
New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules
The New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules is a body of administrative law of the U.S. state of New Hampshire.  The Administrative Rules in the Code are enacted by state agencies pursuant to the rulemaking authority granted by the New Hampshire General Court.  The Code serves to supplement the Revised Statutes Annotated by allowing agencies to further develop a statute or to impose a general requirement legally binding on the state.

New Hampshire General Court
The General Court of New Hampshire is the bicameral state legislature of the U.S. state of New Hampshire. The lower house is the New Hampshire House of Representatives with 400 members, and the upper house is the New Hampshire Senate with 24 members. This ratio of one Senate seat for every 16.67 House seats makes New Hampshire's ratio of upper house to lower house seats the largest in the country.

The General Court convenes in the New Hampshire State House in downtown Concord, opened in 1819. The House of Representatives continues to meet in its original chambers, making Representatives Hall the oldest chamber in the United States still in continuous legislative use. When numbered seats were installed in Representatives Hall, the number thirteen was purposely omitted in deference to triskaidekaphobia.

The annual pay for legislators is set by law at $100.00.
Dean Brennan
Dean James Gary Brennan (born 17 June 1980) is an Irish professional football manager who is head coach of EFL League Two club Barnet.

As a player he was a winger / attacking midfielder who played professionally for Sheffield Wednesday, Bohemians and Luton Town before spending the remainder of his career in the English non-league.

2024–25 National League
The 2024–25 National League season, known as the Vanarama National League for sponsorship reasons, was the tenth season under the title of the National League, the twenty-first season consisting of three divisions, and the forty-sixth season overall.
Broager Municipality
Broager Municipality is a former Danish municipality (Danish, kommune). The municipality covered an area of 43 km2, and had a total population of 6,290 (2005). Its last mayor was Jørn Lehmann Petersen, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party.

The municipality was established in 1922 by merging Egernsund and Broager parishes.  The municipality escaped further municipal reforms in 1970 as its population was then over 6,000 inhabitants. However, Broager municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was combined with Augustenborg, Gråsten, Nordborg, Sundeved, Sydals, and Sønderborg municipalities to form the new Sønderborg municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 499 km2 and a total population of 49,886 (2005).

Broager Municipality consisted solely of the namesake Broager Peninsula

Sønderborg
Sønderborg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsønɐˌpɒˀ]; German: Sonderburg [ˈzɔndɐbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Sønderborg Municipality (Kommune). The town has a population of 28,333 (1 January 2025), in a municipality of 74,096. In recent times, Sønderborg is a center for trade, tourism, industry, and education in the region of Southern Denmark. The town is the headquarters for several industrial companies. Sønderborg joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Job cuffing
In human resources, job cuffing refers to the reluctance of employees to leave an employer, typically due to economic uncertainty. Job cuffing typically occurs in the winter in the hopes that employment prospects will improve in the spring. Remote employees are less resistant to return to the office during job cuffing.

Job cuffing can negatively impact productivity as disengaged employees continue to work while waiting to resume the job search. Employers can counter job cuffing by improving their employee value proposition.

The term stems from cuffing season and being handcuffed to one's job.

Employee value proposition
The employee value proposition (EVP) is a part of employer branding, in that it is one of the ways companies attract the skills and employees they desire and keep them engaged. It is how companies market themselves to prospective talent, and also how they retain that talent in a competitive job market. The EVP is meant to communicate the values and culture of the organization, as well as take the focus off remuneration as the sole reason for working there. The benefits, when done correctly, are a more committed, happier, and productive workforce at a cheaper cost, which are the main goals of any employee-centered strategy. It may also have the side benefit of improving the company's perception in the eyes of consumers.
Sekijin sekiba
Sekijin sekiba (Japanese: 石人石馬) is the inclusive term for sculptures in stone from the ancient burial mounds of Kofun-period Japan. It includes not only the stone figures of humans and horses denoted by the kanji, but also depictions of other animals and objects. For this reason, these sculptures are sometimes referred to alternatively as sekisei hyōshoku (石製表飾).

Yame Kofun Cluster
The Yame Kofun cluster (八女古墳群, Yame Kofun-gun) is a group of kofun burial mounds located in the Yame hills, across the towns of Yame, Hirokawa, Chikugo, Fukuoka, Japan. The Noriba Kofun was designated a National Historic Site in 1922, followed by the Iwatoyama, Ishijinyama, Zenzōzuka, and Kōgadani Kofun on an individual basis. These five separate National Historic Sites were merged into a single site in 1978, and the Maruyamazuka, Maruyama, and Chausuzuka Kofun were added to the protected area.
Giuseppe Faccioli
Giuseppe Faccioli (c. 1877 – January 13, 1934) was an electrical engineer, noted for his work in artificial lighting and for creating currents using potentials of 2,000,000 volts.

He attended the Royal Polytechnic Institute of Milan, graduating in 1899 and moving to the US in 1904, where he worked for the New York Edison Company, Interborough, the Crocker Wheeler Company, and Stanley Laboratories, which was absorbed by the General Electric Company in 1908.  He worked there, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, for the remainder of his career, retiring in 1930 as chief engineer.

In 1923, working with F.W. Peak Jr., and W.S. Moody, he demonstrated electric arcs created by potentials of 2,000,000 volts.  In 1932 he received the Lamme Medal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

He was using a wheelchair by 1923.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Orlando maglev
A proposed US$400 million magnetic levitation train system would have connected the Orlando International Airport and the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida, with a stop at the Florida Mall. The privately funded 13.8-mile (22.2 km) train line would be built by American Maglev Technology and was once expected to be operational by 2017. If completed, the train would have been the first commercial maglev system in North America.

The plan was canceled in late 2015, when the Orlando International Airport board voted unanimously to begin negotiations for right-of-way for a new light-rail system to connect to International Drive and the convention center, rather than a maglev.

International Drive
International Drive, commonly known as I-Drive, is a major 11.1-mile (17.9 km) thoroughfare in Orlando, Florida, United States, and is the city's main tourist strip. I-Drive is located several miles southwest of Downtown Orlando in the southernmost limits of the city. The International Drive area serves a similar purpose to that of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas as the core of the tourism area.
Breña campaign
The Breña campaign, or Sierra campaign, was the last phase of the land campaigns of the War of the Pacific. This stage begins after the occupation of Lima, in February 1881, and extends until the consolidation of the Treaty of Ancón, between October and November 1883, which ends the war, with favorable conditions for Chile.

Treaty of Ancón
The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Pacific and to stabilise post-bellum relations between them.

Under the treaty's terms, Chile gained control over Tarapacá. Chile was also to retain the conquered provinces of Tacna and Arica for ten years, after which their fate was to be decided by a plebiscite, which was never held. The Tacna–Arica question would only be settled in 1929, through the mediation of the United States under President Herbert Hoover. This treaty, known as the Treaty of Lima, ceded Arica to Chile, while Peru regained Tacna and received USD $6 million indemnity and other concessions.
Voodoo Cream Liqueur
Voodoo Cream Liqueur is the first Indian cream liqueur, made from fresh Indian cow cream, whisky and other Italian ingredients. The trademark is owned by Nouveau group in collaboration with Flavor Chimca, Italy Voodoo cream liqueur is blended & bottled at Adinco Distillers, Goa, and was first produced in 2009. It has a declared alcohol content of 17% alcohol by volume. Voodoo Cream Liqueur is similar to Bailey's, Amarula, and Carolans.

Amarula
Amarula is a cream liqueur from South Africa.  It is made with sugar, cream and the fruit of the African marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea) which is also locally called the elephant tree or the marriage tree.  It has an alcohol content of 17% by volume (34 proof).  It has had some success at international spirit ratings competitions, winning a gold medal at the 2009 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. It has the taste of slightly fruity caramel.
Bhai Kot
Bhai Kot (Chak No. 03) is a village in the Pattoki Tehsil, Kasur District, Punjab, Pakistan, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Pattoki. population of this village consists of Malik ,Meos. Other Caste include Jutt  and Dogars but are in a minority. There are two primary schools in the village, one for girls and one for boys.

Pattoki
Pattoki (Urdu: پتّوكى) is a city in the Kasur District of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It serves as the headquarters of Pattoki Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Kasur District. Pattoki is recognized as the 'City of Flowers' due to its abundance of floral diversity. However, it remains a significantly neglected city in terms of administrative support, with demands persisting for its elevation to district status, especially given its considerable distance from Kasur city, which serves as the headquarters of the Kasur district.
Cicero Goddard Peck House
The Cicero Goddard Peck House is a historic house at 18 Mechanicsville Road in Hinesburg, Vermont.  Built in 1896 by a prominent town benefactor, it is a well-preserved example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Hinesburg, Vermont
Hinesburg is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Abel Hine, town clerk. The population was 4,698 at the 2020 census.

The main settlement of Hinesburg in the center of town is a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 872 at the 2020 census.
T. A. Elumalai
T. A. Elumalai is a politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He was elected from the Poonamallee constituency to the Fifteenth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party in the 2016 Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam.

T. T. V. Dhinakaran
Thiruthuraipoondi Thiruvenkatam Vivekananda Dhinakaran (born 13 December 1963) is an Indian politician who popularly known as TTV is founding General Secretary of Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazhagam. His cadres revered him as Makkal Selvar. In the past he was the Treasurer of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Party and served as the Member of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK in August 2017. He also served as former Member of the 15th Tamil Nadu Assembly from Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (2017-2021). He is the nephew of V. K. Sasikala. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam.
Late Night Tales: The Flaming Lips
Late Night Tales: The Flaming Lips is a compilation album compiled by the members of The Flaming Lips, featuring songs by various artists. The album was released on March 7, 2005 and it features one new Flaming Lips recording, a cover of the White Stripes' "Seven Nation Army".

Late Night Tales: The Flaming Lips is the 13th in the Late Night Tales series. Each installment in the series is a compilation of songs that were influential on or favourites of the featured artist. Previous Late Night Tales compilations have been put together by Four Tet, Nightmares on Wax, Jamiroquai, and Turin Brakes, among others.

Late Night Tales
Late Night Tales and its predecessor Another Late Night are the names of two related series of artist-curated compilation albums released by Azuli Records in the UK until 2009 when the independent record label Night Time Stories took over the series. Both series were started by the author A.W. Wilde. The tracks on the albums are selected and mixed by a diverse selection of artists asked by Late Night Tales to create the ultimate late night mix. Many of the albums end with a story track, read by famous English performers including Benedict Cumberbatch, Will Self, Brian Blessed, Alex Turner and Patrick Moore. With the exception of Jamiroquai, Air, Bill Brewster, and Don Letts' contributions, each release includes a cover version recorded by the artist(s).

The series has been met with critical acclaim, with GQ praising Late Night Tales as "The Rolls Royce of compilations". 2011 saw the label celebrate their tenth anniversary with a box set including all albums to date.