hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War
Allegations that the United States military used biological weapons in the Korean War (June 1950 – July 1953) were raised by the governments of the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union, and North Korea. China and North Korea also made allegations that US forces used chemical weapons.: 324–327  Subsequent scholars are split about the truth of the claims.

The claims were first raised in 1951, and claimed the use of anti-personnel, anti-crop, and anti-animal pathogens, including the causative agents of anthrax, plague, smallpox, and typhoid fever. The story was covered by the worldwide press and led to a highly publicized international investigation in 1952. Secretary of State Dean Acheson and other American and allied government officials denounced the allegations as a hoax. The United States biological weapons program operated from 1942 to 1973. Following the surrender of Japan, the US military conducted a cover-up of the Japanese biological warfare program.: 324–327

Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-jazīrah, lit. 'the island', pronounced [æl (d)ʒæˈziːrɐ]), often known as Al Jazeera, is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar. Al Jazeera introduced an English-language division in 2006. It is the first global English-language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East.

Al Jazeera is known for its in-depth and frontline reporting particularly in conflict zones such as the Arab Spring, the Gaza–Israel conflict and others. Al Jazeera's coverage of the Arab Spring won the network numerous awards, including the Peabody Award. It positions itself as an alternative media platform to the dominance of Western media outlets like CNN and BBC, focusing on narrative reporting where subjects present their own stories.
1935–36 S.L. Benfica season
The 1935–36 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica's 32nd season in existence and the club's 2nd consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football, covering the period from 1 September 1935 to 30 July 1936. Benfica competed in the Campeonato da Liga and in the Campeonato de Portugal.

Benfica entered the season aiming to win its first league title while defending the Campeonato de Portugal and reclaiming the Campeonato de Lisboa. Under manager Vítor Gonçalves, the team performed strongly throughout the regional and national competitions, ultimately winning the Campeonato da Liga after a decisive victory over Sporting in April. In the Campeonato de Portugal, Benfica reached the semi-finals but were eliminated by Belenenses, falling short of securing what would have been the first national double.

Campeonato de Lisboa
The Campeonato de Lisboa (English: Championship of Lisbon) was a regional football league in Portugal situated at the third level of the Portuguese football league system. It started in 1906, before the Lisbon Football Association was created, and ran until 1947.

The Campeonato de Portugal was created in 1922 and reunited all of regional league winners in a playoff. From 1934, with the establishment of the Primeira Divisão and Segunda Divisão, it became the third level.

As time progressed, main clubs focused on national competitions, so the league folded in 1947.
Psača Monastery
Psača Monastery (Macedonian: Псача манастир) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery in the village of Psača, North Macedonia. It was built by the Sebastokrator Vlatko Paskačić and his father Duke Paskač around 1354.

The monastery, dedicated to St Nicholas the Wonderworker, lies at the end of the village of Psača, 3 km from the Kumanovo – Kriva Palanka Road, in Rankovce Municipality. It belongs to the diocese of Osogovo-Kumanovo of the Macedonian Orthodox Church.

Rankovce Municipality
Rankovce (Macedonian: Ранковцеⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern region of the Republic of North Macedonia. Rankovce is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found. Rankovce Municipality is part of the Northeastern statistical region.
Frontenac (Quebec federal electoral district)
Frontenac was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1997.

This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Lotbinière and Mégantic ridings. It was abolished in 1996 when it was redistributed into Beauce and Frontenac—Mégantic ridings.

Lotbinière (federal electoral district)
Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [lɔtbinjɛʁ]; later known as Lotbinière—L'Érable) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 2004.

It was created by the British North America Act 1867. It was renamed "Lotbinière—L'Érable" in 2000, and was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed between Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière, Mégantic—L'Érable, Richelieu and Richmond—Arthabaska ridings.
Meta Romuli
The Meta Romuli (in Latin mēta Rōmulī [ˈmeːta ˈroː.mʊ.ɫ̪iː], transl.: "Pyramid of Romulus"; also named "Piramide vaticana" or "Piramide di Borgo" in Italian) was a pyramid built in ancient Rome that is important for historical, religious and architectural reasons. By the 16th century, it was almost completely demolished.

Castel Sant'Angelo
Castel Sant'Angelo (pronounced [kaˈstɛl sanˈtandʒelo] Italian for 'Castle of the Holy Angel'), also known as Mausoleum of Hadrian (Italian: Mausoleo di Adriano),  is a towering rotunda (cylindrical building) in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The popes later used the building as a fortress and castle, and it is now a museum. The structure was once the tallest building in Rome.
Sweden women's national beach handball team
The Sweden women's national beach handball team is the national women's beach handball team of Sweden and is controlled by the Swedish Handball Association. Their best result in the European Championship is from Cádiz 2002, when Sweden finished in 6th place. The team has never participated in the World Championships.

Swedish Handball Federation
The Swedish Handball Federation (Swedish: Svenska Handbollförbundet, SHF) is the national handball association in Sweden.

The Swedish Handball Federation was founded  out of the Swedish Game Association on 25 November 1930 and joined the Swedish Sports Confederation (Swedish: Riksidrottsförbundet, RF) in 1931. It is also a member of the Swedish Olympic Committee (Swedish: Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté, SOK), the European Handball Federation (EHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF). Its headquarters are in Stockholm.

In 1948, the Swedish Handball Federation set up a basketball section, which existed until the October 1952 establishment of the Swedish Basketball Federation.

Its chairperson, since August 2016, is Fredrik Rapp.
Rachel Haot
Rachel Haot (née Sterne, born August 15, 1983) is an American businesswoman. She is currently Chief of Staff at Bedrock. Prior to this, she was executive director of the Transit Innovation Partnership, a public-private initiative of the Partnership for New York City and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Haot was previously the chief digital officer and Deputy Secretary for Technology of New York State for two years. Prior to this role, Rachel was Chief Digital Officer for the City of New York from January 2011 to December 2013. She co-founded and ran GroundReport between 2006 and 2010.

Chief digital officer
A chief digital officer (CDO) or a chief digital information officer (CDIO) is an individual who helps a company, a government organization or a city drive growth by converting traditional "analog" businesses to digital ones using the potential of modern online technologies and data (i.e., digital transformation), and at times oversees operations in the rapidly changing digital sectors like mobile applications, social media and related applications, virtual goods, as well as web-based information management and marketing.
Nordkapp (Bjørnøya)
Nordkapp (North Cape) is the northernmost point of Bear Island in Arctic Norway, located at the northern extreme of the island. The cape is some 230 km south of Sørkapp, Svalbard and 415 km north of mainland Norway (Ingøy).

74°30.9′N 19°5.3′E﻿ / ﻿74.5150°N 19.0883°E﻿ / 74.5150; 19.0883

Bear Island (Svalbard)
Bear Island (Norwegian: Bjørnøya, pronounced [ˈbjø̀ːɳœʏɑ]) is the southernmost island of the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago. The island is located at the limits of the Norwegian and Barents  seas, approximately halfway between Spitsbergen and the North Cape. Bear Island was discovered by Dutch explorers Willem Barentsz and Jacob van Heemskerck on 10 June 1596. It was named after a polar bear that was seen swimming nearby. The island was considered terra nullius until the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 placed it under Norwegian sovereignty.

Despite its remote location and barren nature, the island has seen commercial activities in past centuries, such as coal mining, fishing and whaling. However, no settlements have lasted more than a few years, and Bear Island is now uninhabited except for personnel working at the island's meteorological station Bjørnøya radio. Along with the adjacent waters, it was declared a nature reserve in 2002.
Skylar Diggins
Skylar Kierra Diggins (born August 2, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the  Seattle Storm of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Lunar Owls of Unrivaled. Diggins was drafted third overall by the Tulsa Shock in the 2013 WNBA draft. In high school, she was the National Gatorade Player of the Year and the Gatorade Female Athlete of the Year. She played college basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and led the team to three consecutive Final Fours and two consecutive NCAA championship appearances. She finished her Notre Dame career ranked first in  points and steals, second in assists, and as a two-time winner of the Nancy Lieberman Award as the top point guard in the nation.

WNBA All-Star Game
The Women's National Basketball Association All-Star Game, commonly referred to as the  WNBA All-Star Game, is the annual all-star game hosted each July by the Women's National Basketball Association, showcasing the league's top players. It is the feature event of the WNBA All-Star Weekend, a three-day event which goes from Friday to Sunday in a selected WNBA city. The WNBA All-Star Game was first played at Madison Square Garden on July 14, 1999.
Sameer Gupta
Sameer Gupta (born July 1, 1976) is a Brooklyn-based jazz percussionist, tabla player, and composer.  He is a co-founder of Brooklyn Raga Massive,  the jazz ensemble The Supplicants and drummer for the Marc Cary Focus Trio.  He has also worked with vidyA, Kosmic Renaissance, Grachan Moncur III, Victor Goines, Vincent Gardner, Sekou Sundiata, Sonny Simmons, Marcus Shelby, Calvin Keys, Richard Howell, Dayna Stephens, and Julian Lage.

The Jazz Observer called his playing kinetic, bass-heavy, and tender.

Marc Cary
Marc Cary (born January 29, 1967) is an American jazz pianist based out of New York City. Cary has played and recorded with a number of well-known musicians, including Dizzy Gillespie, Betty Carter, Roy Hargrove, Arthur Taylor, Abbey Lincoln, Carlos Garnett, Erykah Badu, Meshell Ndegeocello, Stefon Harris, Lauryn Hill, Ani DiFranco, Jackie McLean, Q-Tip, and Carmen McRae.
Ceram mangrove monitor
The Ceram mangrove monitor (Varanus cerambonensis) is a species of monitor lizards found in Indonesia. Specifically, it is found on some of the central Moluccan Islands including: Ambon, Seram, Obi, Buru, and Banda. On Ambon and probably on New Guinea V. cerambonensis occurs sympatrically with Varanus indicus. It is in the indicus species group of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus.

Mangrove monitor
The mangrove monitor, mangrove goanna, or Western Pacific monitor lizard (Varanus indicus) is a member of the monitor lizard family with a large distribution from northern Australia and New Guinea to the Moluccas and Solomon Islands. It grows to lengths of 3.5 to 4 ft (1.1 to 1.2 m). It is also known as wbl yb in the Kalam language of Papua New Guinea.
Anthony Ashnault
Anthony James Ashnault (born June 25, 1995) is an American freestyle wrestler, graduated folkstyle wrestler, and assistant wrestling coach at Princeton University. In freestyle, he is a two-time Pan American Champion, having won the titles in 2019 and 2020. In folkstyle, he is an NCAA Division I Champion, four-time All-American and three-time Big Ten Champion. He was also a four-time undefeated NJSIAA title holder as a high schooler.

United World Wrestling
United World Wrestling, abbreviated as UWW, is the international governing body for the sport of Wrestling; its duties include overseeing wrestling at the World Championships and Olympics. It presides over international competitions for various forms of wrestling, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, and others. The flagship event of UWW is the World Wrestling Championships.
Karnataka Premier League
Karnataka Premier League was an Indian Twenty20 cricket league established by the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA) in August 2009 and modelled after the Indian Premier League (IPL). KPL created history during 2017 by reaching 1.5 crore people with the help of a Digital Marketing Company named Popupster.

It was replaced by Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 in 2022 due to betting and match fixing scandals.

Karnataka State Cricket Association
Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA) is the governing body of cricket in the Indian state of Karnataka. The association is affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India and governs the Karnataka cricket team. The association was founded in 1933 and has been affiliated to the BCCI ever since. The KSCA operates the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore, which hosts International level Test, ODI and T20 cricket matches. It also operates a newly built stadium in Hubli and Belagavi.

Former India pacer Venkatesh Prasad was elected president of KSCA on 7 December 2025.
Chartwell Mansion
The Chartwell Mansion is a Chateauesque mansion in Bel-Air, California. Built in 1933, it is best known for its role as the Clampett family home in the 1960s television sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies.  It was the most expensive home for sale in the United States in 2018.

Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is a residential neighborhood in the Westside region on the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles, California, United States.

Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods. Bel Air, Beverly Hills, and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood are also known as the "three Bs".
2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl
The 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 31, 2013, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The 38th edition of the game otherwise known as the Independence Bowl, it matched up the Boston College Eagles from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Arizona Wildcats from the Pac-12 Conference.  The game kicked off at 11:30 a.m. CST and aired on ESPN.  It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. Arizona defeated Boston College by a score of 42–19. This was the final edition with nutritional supplement company AdvoCare as the title sponsor, and the only edition not to include "Independence Bowl" in the official name.

Independence Stadium (Shreveport)
Independence Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. Formerly known as State Fair Stadium and Fairgrounds Stadium, the municipally owned stadium is the site of the annual Independence Bowl post-season college football game, first held in 1976 as the Bicentennial Bowl. It was also the home venue of the Shreveport Steamer of the short-lived World Football League from 1974 to 1975 and the Shreveport Pirates of the Canadian Football League from 1994 to 1995.

The stadium is also host to numerous high school football games and soccer matches, since many schools in Shreveport lack an on-campus facility. Independence Stadium also hosted the LHSAA state football championship games in 2005 after the Louisiana Superdome suffered heavy damage from Hurricane Katrina. The stadium also hosts concerts and other events.
Twin Sisters (cannons)
The Twin Sisters are a pair of cannons used by Texas Military Forces during the Texas Revolution. They are among the most famous artillery in Texas military history with the "Come and Take It" cannon starting the revolution at the Battle of Gonzales and the Twin Sisters winning it at the Battle of San Jacinto. The Twin Sisters were also potentially used during the Mexican Invasions of 1842 and American Civil War.

Their disappearance and ensuing search efforts have fueled their notoriety, colloquially referred to as the "Texas Holy Grail."

San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site
The San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site includes the location of the Battle of San Jacinto. It is located off the Houston Ship Channel in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, near the city of Houston. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.

A prominent feature of the park is the San Jacinto Monument.  Visitors can take an elevator to the monument's observation deck for a view of Houston, the Houston Ship Channel, and the San Jacinto battlefield.
HDV
HDV is a format for recording of high-definition video on DV videocassette tape. Conceived as an affordable high definition format for digital camcorders, HDV quickly caught on with many amateur and professional videographers due to its low cost, portability, and image quality acceptable for many professional productions. The format was marketed mainly in the mid and late 2000s. HDV and the HDV logo are trademarks of JVC and Sony.

Rec. 709
ITU-R Recommendation 709, usually abbreviated Rec. 709, BT.709, or ITU-R 709, is a standard developed by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for image encoding and signal characteristics of high-definition television (HDTV).  The standard specifies a scheme for digital encoding of colors as triplets of small integers, a widescreen format with 1080 active lines per picture and 1920 square pixels per line (a 16:9 aspect ratio), as well as several details of signal capture, transmission, and display. While directed to HDTV, some of its specifications (such as the color encoding) have also been adopted for other uses.
Francesca Chamberland
Francesca Chamberland is a Canadian costume designer. She began her career working in the wardrobe department on films including Some Girls (1988) and In Love and War (1996), eventually becoming wardrobe master for the 1997 film In the Presence of Mine Enemies.

She won the 2007 Genie Award for Best Costume Design for her work in the film The Rocket: The Maurice Richard Story. She had been nominated four times in the same category (including twice at the Genie Awards of 2006). She has also earned two Jutra Award nominations, winning the Prix Iris for Costume Design for the 2016 film Wild Run: The Legend (Chasse-Galerie: La Légende).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Costume Design
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Costume Design is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best Canadian costume designer. It was formerly called the Genie Award for Best Achievement in Costume Design before the Genies were merged into the Canadian Screen Awards.
Wheat Ridge Transcript
The Wheat Ridge Transcript Newspaper is a weekly newspaper that serves the community of Wheat Ridge, Colorado. The newspaper is owned by Mile high newspapers. Originally the Jefferson County Transcript, it has been published since 1982.

Wheat Ridge, Colorado
The City of Wheat Ridge is a home rule municipality in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Wheat Ridge is located immediately west of Denver and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Wheat Ridge Municipal Center is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city had a population of 32,398 as of the 2020 Census.
Flora of North Macedonia
The flora of the Republic of North Macedonia is represented with around 210 families, 920 genera, and around 3,700 plant species. The most abundant group are the flowering plants with around 3,200 species, which is followed by mosses (350 species) and ferns (42).

Phytogeographically, North Macedonia belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency, the territory of the Republic can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodopes mixed forests and Aegean sclerophyllous and mixed forests.

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions, and include temperate rainforests.

These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Himalayas, Western and Central Europe, the southern coast of the Black Sea, Australasia, Southwestern South America and the Russian Far East.
Ludwig Büchner
Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner (/ˈbjuːknər/; German: [ˈbyːçnɐ]; 29 March 1824 – 30 April 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.

Darwinism
Darwinism is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and his contemporaries. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

Darwinism stricto sensu lacks a clear theory of inheritance, in contrast with later neo-Darwinian theories such as the modern synthesis (which integrates mendelian inheritance).
Plaza Bridge
The Plaza Bridge in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is an automotive and pedestrian bridge that crosses the Rideau Canal just south of the Ottawa locks.  It joins Wellington Street and Elgin Street in the Downtown core to the west with Rideau Street to the east.  The Chateau Laurier abuts the bridge at the east end, while Parliament Hill is just beyond the west end. It is the northernmost bridge over the canal, just north of the Mackenzie King Bridge.

The bridge is constructed of three masonry spans. The western span is over a roadway along the western bank of the Canal. The central span is over the Canal. The eastern span is over a former railway tunnel running along the east bank of the Canal.

Château Laurier
The Fairmont Château Laurier is a 660,000-square-foot (61,000 m2) hotel with 429 guest rooms in the downtown core of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located near the intersection of Rideau Street and Sussex Drive, it is designed in a French Gothic Revival Châteauesque style to complement the adjacent Parliament buildings. The hotel is above the Colonel By Valley, home of the Ottawa Locks of the Rideau Canal, and overlooks the Ottawa River. The main dining room (now the Laurier Room) overlooks Major's Hill Park. The reception rooms consist of the Wedgewood-blue Adam Room, the Laurier Room defined with Roman columns, the Empire-style ballroom, and the Drawing Room decorated with cream and gold plaster ornament. The hotel was designated a national historic site in 1980.