hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Morgan Tilford
Henry Morgan Tilford (June 14, 1856 – December 3, 1919) was an American oilman. Tilford served as president of the Continental Oil Company from 1893 to 1907, and as president of Standard Oil of California from 1900 to 1911.

Tuxedo Park, New York
Tuxedo Park is a village in Orange County, New York, United States. Its population was 645 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area. Its name is derived from an indigenous Lenape word ptukwsiit (Munsee dialect) or tùkwsit (Unami dialect), meaning "round foot" or Wolf Clan. While there exists an alternative theory regarding the Munsee word p'tuxseepu, which is said to mean 'crooked water' or 'crooked river', the Unami name for this location survives: tùkwsitu, "place of the Wolf-Clan People".

Tuxedo Park is a gated village in the southern part of the town of Tuxedo, near New York Route 17 and the New York State Thruway.

The evening dress for men now popularly known as a tuxedo takes its name from Tuxedo Park. It was brought there by James Brown Potter, who was introduced to the garment by the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII).
Rutshuru Territory
Rutshuru Territory is a territory in the North Kivu province of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, with headquarters in the town of Rutshuru.

The territory is mountainous, including a large portion of the Virunga National Park, famous for its mountain gorillas.

Rutshuru Territory has long faced persistent security challenges, primarily due to the presence of armed groups and disputes over natural resources. In June 2025, the Congolese human rights organization Badilika (meaning "change" in Swahili) published a report documenting 9,163 serious human rights violations resulting in 6,060 deaths within the territory between 1996 and 2023, with the majority of these abuses attributed to three armed groups with ties to Rwanda: the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL), responsible for 4,380 violations; the March 23 Movement (M23), with 1,524 violations; and the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), implicated in at least 650 cases.

Hutu
The Hutu (/ˈhuːtuː/), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa.
Maweni, Tanga City Council
Maweni (Kata ya Maweni, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Kiomoni forms the ward's northern border. Mwanzange and Tangasisi are the two wards that are bounded to the east. Tongoni ward is in the south. Pongwe is to the west. The ward covers an area of 72.7 km2 (28.1 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 75 m (246 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 14,091.

Kiomoni
Kiomoni (Kata ya Kiomoni , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The Mzizima, Gombero, and Mnyenzani wards the latter two of Mkinga, surround the ward on its northern side. Chumbageni and Nguvumali wards are to the east. Maweni and Pongwe wards are located to the south. The Muheza District wards of Mlingoni and Pande Darajani are to the west. The ward covers an area of 83.5 km2 (32.2 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 52 m (171 ft). The ward is home to the Amboni Caves and also the largest limestone mine in the country. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,587.
2002 Curtis Cup
The 32nd Curtis Cup Match was played on August 3 and 4, 2002 at Fox Chapel Golf Club near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The United States won 11 to 7. Carol Semple Thompson made her 12th and final appearance, having first played in 1974.

Curtis Cup
The Curtis Cup is the best known team trophy for women amateur golfers, awarded in the biennial Curtis Cup Match. It is co-organised by the United States Golf Association and The R&A and is contested by teams representing the United States and "Great Britain and Ireland". The same two teams originally contested the Ryder Cup, but unlike that competition, the Curtis Cup has not widened the Great Britain and Ireland team to include all Europeans (nor has the analogous event for amateur men, the Walker Cup). Many women who have gone on to become stars of women's professional golf have played in the Curtis Cup.
NGC 3316
NGC 3316 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 190 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on March 26, 1835. NGC 3316 is a member of the Hydra Cluster, and appears to have a small companion galaxy known as HCC 15.

Hydra (constellation)
Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees, and also the longest at over 100 degrees. Its southern end borders Libra and Centaurus and its northern end borders Cancer. It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Commonly represented as a water snake, it straddles the celestial equator.
1998 Pacific Curling Championships
The 1998 Pacific Curling Championships were held from December 13 to 18 in Qualicum Beach, British Columbia, Canada.

New Zealand won the men's event over Japan (it was the first Pacific title for the New Zealand men). On the women's side, Japan defeated New Zealand in the final (it was the seventh Pacific title for the Japanese women).

By virtue of winning, the New Zealand men's team and the Japanese women's team qualified for the 1999 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.

The event was originally to be played at a new curling facility in Dunedin, New Zealand, but construction delays forced the event to be held in Canada. The New Zealand Curling Association ran the event.

1999 World Men's Curling Championship
The 1999 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as 1999 Ford World Men's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held at Harbour Station in Saint John, New Brunswick from April 3–11, 1999.
Hektary, Łódź Voivodeship
Hektary [xɛkˈtarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świnice Warckie, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Świnice Warckie, 18 km (11 mi) west of Łęczyca, and 49 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Hektary lies on the left bank of the Ner river.

Świnice Warckie
Świnice Warckie [ɕfiˈnit͡sɛ ˈvart͡skʲɛ] is a village in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Świnice Warckie. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of Łęczyca and 47 km (29 mi) northwest of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 920. This is the place of the baptism and first communion of Faustina Kowalska, a great mystic and the secretary of Divine Mercy. The parish church is an official sanctuary since 2002. Saint Faustina (born Helena Kowalska) was living until the age of 16 in nearby village of Głogowiec.
Guillaume de Bray
Guillaume de Bray (born at Bray in the Ile-de-France, date unknown; died in Orvieto, 29 April 1282) was a French ecclesiastic and Roman Catholic Cardinal, poet, and mathematician.

It is claimed Guillaume was Master of Theology, but the Cardinal's tombstone indicates that he was learned in Canon and Civil Law. There is no reference to him ever having been a Papal Legate, a Nuncio, or a provincial Rector (governor).  So far as it is known, his career as a cardinal was entirely inside the Roman Curia.

His earliest known office was that of Archdeacon of the Church of Reims.  He was already Archdeacon when he appears as Dean of the Cathedral of Laon (ca. 1250-1262).

Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI (Latin: Ioannes XXI, Italian: Giovanni XXI, Portuguese: João XXI; c. 1215 – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (Latin: Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history. He is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain (Latin: Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese: Pedro Hispano), which would make him the only pope to have been a physician.
Kim Yong-wan
Kim Yong-wan (Korean: 김용완; Hanja: 金容完; March 4, 1927 – February 21, 2008) served as the Vice-President of the Boy Scouts of Korea.

In 1993, Kim was awarded the 225th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Edge-preserving smoothing
Edge-preserving smoothing or edge-preserving filtering is an image processing technique that smooths away noise or textures while retaining sharp edges. Examples are the median, bilateral, guided, anisotropic diffusion, and Kuwahara filters.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
TNA Turning Point (2009)
The 2009 Turning Point was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on November 15, 2009 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the sixth event under the Turning Point chronology.

TNA Turning Point
Turning Point is a professional wrestling TNA+ event, produced by American professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. The event was created in 2004 and was originally held annually in December, until the 2008 event where TNA changed its scheduled date to November. The 2004 event was the second TNA PPV to be produced annually. Since its inception, the event has been held exclusively in an indoor arena in Orlando, Florida, with all events taking place in the Impact Zone until 2019. Each event features talent from TNA competing in various professional wrestling match types. Since the inaugural event, eight championship matches have taken place in the main event.

TNA discontinued the majority of the monthly pay-per-views in 2013 in favor of new pre-recorded One Night Only events. Turning Point was held as a special episode of Impact Wrestling in 2013, 2015 and 2016 and, in 2019, was revived as an Impact Plus Monthly Special event.
Adelaide United FC (women)
Adelaide United Football Club is an Australian women's soccer team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 2008, it is the affiliated women's team of Adelaide United. The team competes in the country's premier women's soccer competition, the A-League Women.

Australia women's national soccer team
The Australia women's national soccer team is overseen by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is "the Matildas" (from the Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda"; officially known as the CommBank Matildas for sponsorship reasons); they were known as the "Female Socceroos" before 1995.

Australia is a three-time OFC champion, one-time AFC champion and one-time AFF champion. The team has represented Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup on eight occasions (once as co-host in 2023) and at the Olympic Games on five, although it has won neither tournament. Their performance in the 2023 World Cup attracted significant nationwide attention and has had an impact on the perception of women's sport in Australia.
Organizational chart
An organizational chart, also called organigram, organogram, or organizational breakdown structure (OBS), is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements of a field of knowledge or a group of languages.

Diagram
A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization technique which then become projected onto a two-dimensional surface.
Shantar Sea
The Shantar Sea (Russian: Шантарское море) is a small coastal sea in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk.

It is bounded to the north by Bolshoy Shantar Island, to the east by Malyy Shantar Island, and to the south by Tugur Bay.

Bolshoy Shantar Island
Bolshoy Shantar (Russian: Большо́й Шантар, romanized: Greater Shantar, IPA: [bɐlʲˈʂoj ʂɐnˈtar]) is the main island of the Shantar Islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia; its area is 1,766 square kilometres (682 square miles) and it measures about 72 by 49 km (44+1⁄2 by 30+1⁄2 mi). It has a large brackish lake (Lake Bol'shoe, "Big Lake") on its north side which is connected to the sea through a narrow passage. Yakshin Bay indents the southwest side of the island.

Administratively this island belongs to the Khabarovsk Krai of the Russian Federation.
Osei Assibey Antwi
Osei Assibey Antwi is a Ghanaian administrator and politician who is a member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP). He served as the Metropolitan Chief Executive (MCE) of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) until April 2025. In April 2025, Richard Ofori Agyemang Boadi, popularly known as “King Zuba,” was confirmed as the new MCE/Mayor after securing 55 out of 56 votes from the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, following his nomination by President John Dramani Mahama.

National Service Secretariat (Ghana)
Ghanaian students who graduate from accredited tertiary institutions are required under the constitution to do a one-year national service to the country. The National Service Secretariat (NSS) is the Government of Ghana agency mandated to formulate policies and structures for national service.
2013 WA State Challenge Cup
Western Australian soccer clubs from the top three State-Based Divisions, plus the Premier Division of the Sunday League, competed in 2013 for the WA State Challenge Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the Cool Ridge Cup.  This knockout competition was won by Bayswater City, their first title.

Football West State League
The Football West State League  is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia consisting of two divisions. The league sits at Levels 2 and 3 on the Western Australian league system (Levels 3 and 4 of the overall Australian league system). The competition is administered by Football West, the governing body of the sport in the state. Division 1 has been called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011.
2004 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey
The 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 2, 2004, to determine who would represent the people of New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. This election coincided with national elections for U.S. President, and the U.S. House and U.S. Senate. There was no concurrent election for Senator or Governor in the state. New Jersey has thirteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.
D. N. Jackson
Doss Nathan Jackson (July 14, 1895 – November 29, 1968) was a Baptist pastor from the United States who was fundamental in the founding of the North American Baptist Association (now the Baptist Missionary Association of America). He was a debater and conference speaker, publisher and a prolific writer of Christian literature and theological works including Studies in Baptist Doctrine and History.

Laurel, Mississippi
Laurel is a city in and the second county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 17,161. Laurel is northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat, which contains the first county courthouse. It has the second county courthouse, as Jones County has two judicial districts. Laurel is the headquarters of the Jones County Sheriff's Department, which has jurisdiction in the county. Laurel is the principal city of a micropolitan statistical area named for it. Its major employers include Howard Industries, Sanderson Farms, Masonite International, Family Health Center, Howse Implement, Thermo-Kool, and South Central Regional Medical Center. Laurel is home to the Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Mississippi's oldest art museum, established by the family of Lauren Eastman Rogers.
Abjuganj railway station
Abjuganj railway station is a railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 80 at Abjuganj, Sultanganj in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Hucknall Town F.C.
Hucknall Town Football Club is a football club based in the town of Hucknall, Nottinghamshire, England. The club is a member of the United Counties League Premier Division North and plays at the RM Stadium.

Northern Counties East Football League
The Northern Counties East Football League is a semi-professional English football league. It has two divisions – Premier Division and Division One – which stand at the ninth and tenth levels of the English football pyramid respectively.
Brian Higgins
Brian Michael Higgins (born October 6, 1959) is an American former politician who was the U.S. representative for New York's 26th congressional district, from 2005 until 2024. The district, numbered as the 27th district from 2005 to 2013 and as the 26th from 2013 to 2024, included Buffalo and Niagara Falls, along with some surrounding urban and suburban areas. Higgins is a member of the Democratic Party, and of several congressional committees and caucuses. He was born and raised Buffalo, New York, before obtaining a bachelor's and master's from Buffalo State College and an MPA from Harvard University.

Northern Ireland peace process
The Northern Ireland peace process includes the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.
Gadolinium(III) iodide
Gadolinium(III) iodide is an iodide of gadolinium, with the chemical formula of GdI3. It is a yellow, highly hygroscopic solid with a bismuth(III) iodide-type crystal structure. In air, it quickly absorbs moisture and forms hydrates. The corresponding oxide iodide is also readily formed at elevated temperature.

Bismuth(III) iodide
Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.

Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes.
Impatiens denisonii
Impatiens denisonii is a scapigerous herb species of the family Balsaminaceae, which is found only in the Western Ghats in South India. It is among the rarest of the eighteen Impatiens species which are endemic to the Nilgiri Hills. It was very abundant and considered among the most beautiful plants in the Nilgiri Hills.

Impatiens
Impatiens /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ is a genus of more than 1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics. Together with the genus Hydrocera (one species), Impatiens make up the family Balsaminaceae.

Common names in North America include impatiens, jewelweed, touch-me-not, snapweed and patience. As a rule-of-thumb, "jewelweed" is used exclusively for Nearctic species, and balsam is usually applied to tropical species. In the British Isles by far the most common names are impatiens and busy lizzie, especially for the many varieties, hybrids and cultivars involving Impatiens walleriana. "Busy lizzie" is also found in the American literature. Impatiens glandulifera is commonly called policeman's helmet in the UK, where it is an introduced species.
Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. 
In humans, learned helplessness is related to the concept of self-efficacy, the individual's belief in their innate ability to achieve goals.

Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a real or perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation.

Aversives
In psychology, aversives are unpleasant stimuli that induce changes in behavior via negative reinforcement or positive punishment. By applying an aversive immediately before or after a behavior, the likelihood of the target behavior occurring in the future may be reduced. Aversives can vary from being slightly unpleasant or irritating to physically, psychologically and/or emotionally damaging.