hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Masury
Samuel Masury (ca. 1818–1874) was a photographer in 19th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He trained with photographer John Plumbe around 1842. In 1853-1855 he partnered with G.M. Silsbee as "Masury & Silsbee", daguerreotypists, on Washington Street.  Masury "traveled to Paris in 1855 to learn the glass negative process from the Bisson brothers, whose landscapes and architectural views were internationally celebrated." By 1858 he ran his own studio in Boston, on Washington Street. He presented work in the 1860 exhibition of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association.

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association
The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association (est.1795) of Boston, Massachusetts, was "formed for the sole purposes of promoting the mechanic arts and extending the practice of benevolence." Founders included Paul Revere, Jonathan Hunnewell, and Benjamin Russell. Through much of the 19th century, the association organized conferences and exhibitions devoted to innovation in the mechanical arts.
Starkeya novella
Starkeya novella is a  chemolithoautotrophic and  methylotrophic bacteria from the family Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil. Starkeya novella has the ability to oxidise thiosulfate. The complete genome of Starkeya novella is sequenced.

Xanthobacteraceae
The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria that includes Azorhizobium, a genus of rhizobia. Xanthobacteraceae bacteria are diverse and Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and may be motile or non-motile depending on the specific bacteria. Their cells range in size from 0.4–1.0 × 0.8–6 μm, but when grown in the presence of alcohol as the sole carbon source, they can reach up to 10 μm in length. These bacteria do not form spores and have opaque, slimy colonies that appear slightly yellow due to the presence of zeaxanthin dirhamnoside.

The genus Xanthobacter was established in 1978 by Wiegel et al. based on numerical taxonomic comparisons of microorganisms that were then classified in the genus Corynebacterium. In 2005, Lee et al. proposed the family Xanthobacteraceae based on a comparison of 16S rRNA of the members of Alphaproteobacteria. The family includes five genera, namely Xanthobacter, Azorhizobium, Ancylobacter, Labrys, and Starkeya.
Too Bright to See
Too Bright to See is a middle grade ghost novel written by Kyle Lukoff and published on April 20, 2021, by Dial Books. It tells the story of Bug, a transgender boy who lives in a haunted house, as he tries to understand a message a ghost is trying to send him.

Too Bright to See received starred reviews from several outlets, including Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly and School Library Journal, who praised the author's take on gender identities and self-acceptance.

The Dial Press
The Dial Press is a publishing house founded in 1923 by Lincoln MacVeagh.

The Dial Press shared a building with The Dial and Scofield Thayer worked with both. The first imprint was issued in 1924.

Authors included Elizabeth Bowen, W. R. Burnett and Glenway Wescott, Frank Yerby, James Baldwin, Roy Campbell, Susan Berman, Herbert Gold, Thomas Berger, Vance Bourjaily, Judith Rossner, and Norman Mailer.
Mustafa Shameel
Mustafa Shameel (Urdu:  مصطفی شمیل‎; July 3, 1941 – May 13, 2013) was a Pakistani scientist and educator noted for his work in the fields of barobiology, phycochemistry and taxonomy of algae. He spent most of his five decades' academic career at the University of Karachi.

Federal Urdu University
The Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology (Urdu: وفاقی جامعہ اردو), alternatively known as FUUAST, is a public university primarily located at Islamabad, Pakistan, with a sub-campus at Karachi.

Of the university's two campuses, the central campus is located in Islamabad while the secondary campus is located in Karachi. The administrative and degree awarding units of the university are currently based in Karachi, which also acts as the university's present headquarters. The university offers a wide range of academic programs in undergraduate and post-graduate. The university is noted for its engaging research in fine arts, languages, engineering, social sciences and philosophy. With an tentative approximated of ~13,500 enrolled students currently attending the university.
L. P. Wenham
Leslie Peter Wenham FSA (1911 – 29 January 1990) was a British archaeologist, historian, and professor who excavated in York, on Hadrian's Wall and Malton. He was the first to produce a comprehensive report of a Romano-British Cemetery.

He is known for his extensive publications in archaeology. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1970. Wenham served with the Royal Army Ordnance Corps during the Second World War.

Yorkshire Archaeological and Historical Society
The Yorkshire Archaeological and Historical Society (YAHS), formerly known as the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, is a learned society and registered charity founded in 1863. It is dedicated to the study of the archaeology, history and people of the three Ridings of the historic county of Yorkshire. It publishes an annual journal, the Yorkshire Archaeological Journal; and, particularly through its Record Series, it also functions as a text publication society. Its headquarters are in Leeds.

The Society has seven special interest groups, such as the Family History or the Roman Antiquities sections. These may be joined without full membership of the main YAHS.
Classical dressage
Classical dressage evolved from cavalry movements and training for the battlefield, and has since developed into the competitive dressage seen today. Classical riding is the art of riding in harmony with, rather than against, the horse.

Correct classical riding only occurs when the rider has a good seat and a correct and well-balanced body position, moves with the horse's motion, and applies and times the aids correctly.

François Robichon de La Guérinière
François Robichon de La Guérinière (1688–1751) was a French riding master who had a profound effect on accepted methods for horse training, and one of the most influential writers on the art of dressage.
Jersey Mike's Arena
Jersey Mike's Arena, commonly known as the Rutgers Athletic Center ("the RAC"), is an 8,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Piscataway, New Jersey on Rutgers University's Livingston Campus. The building is shaped like a truncated tent with trapezoidal sides on the north and south ends, and is home to the Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's and women's basketball teams, as well as the wrestling, volleyball, and gymnastics teams.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's basketball team represents Rutgers University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition and competes in the Big Ten Conference. Rutgers made the NCAA Final Four in 1976. Rutgers has appeared in the NCAA tournament eight times, most recently appearing in 2022. Rutgers has produced many NBA players, most notably Roy Hinson, John Battle, and James Bailey. In 2025, Dylan Harper and Ace Bailey made history in the 2025 NBA Draft being selected as the highest Scarlet Knights drafted in the NBA Draft being drafted with the Second and Fifth pick respectively.
Queen Sugala rebellion
1157 Ruhuna Rebellion, also known as the Rebellion of Queen Sugala, was a revolt led-by Queen Sugala of Ruhuna against the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa ruled by Parakramabahu the Great. The rebellion was suppressed by the army of Parakramabahu, and the kingdom of Ruhuna was annexed as a part of Polonnaruwa in 1158.

Polonnaruwa period
The Polonnaruwa period was a period in the history of Sri Lanka from 1017, after the Chola conquest of Anuradhapura and when the center of administration was moved to Polonnaruwa, to the end of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa in 1232.

The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was the second major Sinhalese kingdom of Sri Lanka. It lasted from 1055 under Vijayabahu I until 1212 under the rule of Lilavati. The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa came after the Anuradhapura Kingdom, which was invaded by Chola forces under Rajaraja I. It also followed the Kingdom of Ruhuna, in which the Sinhalese Kings ruled during Chola occupation.
Myosurus apetalus
Myosurus apetalus is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae known by the common name bristly mousetail. It is native to much of western North America, as well as Chile. It grows in moist and wet habitat, such as marshes, meadows, and vernal pools. It is an annual plant forming a small tuft up to about 12 centimeters tall. The leaves are linear and narrow, sometimes threadlike, and reach up to 6 centimeters in length. The inflorescence produces a single flower which has an elongated, cylindrical or cone-shaped receptacle up to 1.5 centimeters long. At the base of the receptacle are small greenish sepals and sometimes petals 1 or 2 millimeters long, although the petals are often absent.

Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (/rənʌŋkjuːˈleɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/ rə-nung-kew-LAY-see-e(y)e, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a large family of flowering plants, distributed worldwide.

As of February 2026, World Flora Online accepted 53 genera and over 3,700 species. The largest genera are Ranunculus with more than 1,600 species, Delphinium with more than 500, and Clematis with almost 400.
Clemente Fracassi
Clemente Fracassi (5 March 1917 – 2 February 1993) was an Italian film producer, director and screenwriter. His career spanned from 1939 to 1967.

Born in Vescovato, Cremona, Fracassi started his career in the late 1930s, as assistant director of Mario Camerini and Mario Soldati and shortly later as producer. He made his directorial debut as a Soldati's last-minute replacement with Romanticismo.

Mario Camerini
Mario Camerini (6 February 1895 – 4 February 1981) was an Italian film director and screenwriter.

Camerini began his career in the film industry in 1920, working for his cousin the director Augusto Genina. Camerini went on to direct his own films at Cines Studios. He made the most well-known films in Italy during the 1930s, most of them comedies starring Vittorio De Sica. He directed about fifty films until 1972, including 1954's Ulysses with American stars Kirk Douglas and Anthony Quinn, one of the first Europe/US film co-productions. He died in 1981 in Gardone Rivera.
Compleat Angler Hotel
The Compleat Angler Hotel was a modest three-story hotel on the island of North Bimini in the Bahamas. The establishment, located in the center of Alice Town, contained 12 guestrooms in addition to its rowdy bar. It is notable for its association with Ernest Hemingway, who was a guest from 1935 to 1937 and is said to have worked on his 1937 novel To Have and Have Not there.

Alice Town
Alice Town is a town in the Bahamas. It is located on North Bimini island and the population is 300 as of the 2010 census.

Alice Town is the centre of the tourist trade on Bimini: there are several hotels, bars and restaurants. North of Alice Town is the main settlement (where most islanders live) called Bailey Town. To the north of Bailey Town is Porgy Bay.
Te Huka Power Station
The Te Huka Geothermal Power Station, also known as Tauhara One, is a 23 MW binary cycle geothermal power station situated near Taupō, New Zealand. The power station is operated by Contact Energy.

In July 2008, Contact Energy announced that the contract for supply and construction of the binary cycle equipment was awarded to Ormat Technologies.

The plant is powered with steam and fluid from the Tauhara steamfield, and all used geothermal fluid is reinjected back into the edge of the steamfield. A 33,000-volt line connects the power station to Transpower's Wairakei substation, injecting the station's electricity into both Unison's Taupō distribution network and the national grid.

The Tauhara One plant was opened in May 2010, three weeks ahead of schedule.

The power station was formerly known as Centennial Drive binary.

Taupō
Taupō, sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It has been the seat of Taupō District Council since the council was formed in 1989.

Taupō is the largest urban area of the Taupō District, and the second-largest urban area in the Waikato region, behind Hamilton. It has a population of approximately 26,600 (June 2024). Taupō is known for its natural beauty, with the surrounding area offering a range of outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, skiing, and water sports. Visitors can also enjoy a variety of attractions, including the Wairakei Power Station, Huka Falls, and the Tongariro National Park.
UP Yoddhas
UP Yoddhas (Previously known as UP Yoddha) is a professional kabbadi team of Pro Kabaddi League, based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It is owned by the GMR Group. It was founded in 2017.

The Yoddhas play their home matches at Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium, Lucknow. The team made it to the playoffs in every season since its inception in 2017 until 2023-24 PKL.

2018–19 Pro Kabaddi League
The 2018–19 Vivo Pro Kabaddi League was the sixth season of Pro Kabaddi League, a professional kabaddi league in India since 2014. The season began on 7 October 2018 and concluded on 5 January 2019.

Bengaluru Bulls defeated Gujarat Fortune Giants in the final match to win their maiden title.
Ohio Drive
Ohio Drive is a street in Southwest Washington, D.C., located in East and West Potomac Parks and bordering the Tidal Basin, Washington Channel, and the Potomac River. It is a central organizing feature of East Potomac Park, providing the only major vehicular route to and through the area. Unlike most roadways named after states in the District of Columbia, Ohio Drive is not an avenue, nor it is heavily used like Wisconsin or Rhode Island Avenues. However, the segment from Independence Avenue to the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway is an important commuter route.

Ohio Drive SW is a contributing property to the East and West Potomac Parks Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in November 1973.

It is not to be confused with Ohio Avenue, which ran between 13th and 15th streets NW until the 1920s, when it was eliminated by the construction of Federal Triangle.

Wisconsin Avenue
Wisconsin Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the Washington metropolitan area. The southern terminus begins in Georgetown just north of the Potomac River, at an intersection with K Street under the elevated Whitehurst Freeway. Wisconsin Avenue ends just north of Bethesda, Maryland—though the road designated as Maryland Route 355 continues north for miles under the name of Rockville Pike.
Potter Pond Archeological District
The Potter Pond Archeological District is a large complex of archaeological sites in coastal South Kingstown, Rhode Island.  The area is roughly bounded by United States Route 1, Point Judith Pond, Matunuck Beach Road, and the south coast, and includes 22 archaeologically significant sites dating from the Late Archaic through the Late Woodland periods.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

South Kingstown, Rhode Island
South Kingstown is a town in, and the county seat of, Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 31,931 at the 2020 census. South Kingstown is the second largest town in Rhode Island by total geographic area, behind New Shoreham, and the third largest town in Rhode Island by geographic land area, behind Exeter and Coventry.
Vero Beach South, Florida
Vero Beach South is a census-designated place (CDP) in Indian River County, Florida, United States. The population was 23,092 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Sebastian–Vero Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Sebastian, Florida
Sebastian is the most populous city in Indian River County, Florida. It is located at the confluence of the St. Sebastian River and the Indian River. It is the largest city in Indian River County and the biggest population center between Palm Bay and Fort Pierce. The city's economy is heavily reliant on tourism. It is located near many natural and scenic areas such as Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, Sebastian Inlet State Park, and St. Sebastian River Preserve State Park.

As of the 2020 census, Sebastian had a population of 25,054.

Sebastian is a principal city of the Sebastian−Vero Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Indian River County.
Outline of Ascension Island
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ascension Island:

Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is about 960 miles (1,540 km) from the coast of Africa and 1,400 miles (2,300 km) from the coast of South America. It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, of which the main island, Saint Helena, is around 800 miles (1,300 km) to the southeast. The territory also includes the sparsely populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago, 2,000 miles (3,200 km) to the south, about halfway to the Antarctic Circle.

Saint Helena pound
The Saint Helena pound is the currency of the Atlantic islands of Saint Helena and Ascension, which are constituent parts of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. It is fixed at parity with sterling, and so both currencies are commonly accepted and circulated within Saint Helena. It is subdivided into 100 pence.

Tristan da Cunha, the third part of the territory, officially adopted sterling. However, commemorative coins are occasionally minted for the island.
Uliszki
Uliszki [uˈliʂki] (German: Steinkrausfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Będzino, 17 km (11 mi) west of Koszalin, and 125 km (78 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Będzino
Będzino [bɛnˈd͡ʑinɔ] is a village in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Będzino. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) west of Koszalin and 128 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I around 967. Following the fragmentation of Poland, it formed part of the Duchy of Pomerania. From the 18th century, it formed part of Prussia. From 1871, it was part of Germany until the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. In 1945 the area was reintegrated back into Poland.
Index of law articles
This collection of lists of law topics collects the names of topics related to law. Everything related to law, even quite remotely, should be included on the alphabetical list, and on the appropriate topic lists.  All links on topical lists should also appear in the main alphabetical listing. The process of creating lists is ongoing – these lists are neither complete nor up-to-date – if you see an article that should be listed but is not (or one that shouldn't be listed as legal but is), please update the lists accordingly. You may also want to include Wikiproject Law talk page banners on the relevant pages.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Effects of ionizing radiation in spaceflight
Astronauts are exposed to approximately 72 millisieverts (mSv) while on six-month-duration missions to the International Space Station (ISS). Longer 3-year missions to Mars, however, have the potential to expose astronauts to radiation in excess of 1000 mSv. Without the protection provided by Earth's magnetic field, the rate of exposure is dramatically increased.  The risk of cancer caused by ionizing radiation is well documented at radiation doses beginning at 100 mSv and above.

Related radiological effect studies have shown that survivors of the atomic bomb explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear reactor workers and patients who have undergone therapeutic radiation treatments have received low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation (x-rays and gamma rays) doses in the same 50-2,000 mSv range.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.

Athletic Park, Wellington
Athletic Park was a rugby union ground located in Newtown, a suburb of Wellington, New Zealand. It was owned and operated by the Wellington Rugby Football Union, and was used for Wellington first-class matches, as well as local club matches. It hosted the first New Zealand national rugby union team (All Blacks) home test match in 1904, and continued to be used as a regular venue for All Blacks home matches until its closure and demolition in 1999. It was also the primary home ground of the Wellington Hurricanes (now known as the Hurricanes) between 1996 and 1999.