hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antipope John VIII
Antipope John VIII or Antipope John was an antipope of the Roman Catholic church, in the year 844. On the death of Pope Gregory IV (25 January 844), the populace of Rome declared John, a deacon with no known links to the aristocracy as his successor. They seized the Lateran Palace and enthroned him there. However, the lay aristocracy elected as pope the elderly, nobly born archpriest Sergius, ejected John from the Lateran, and swiftly crushed the opposition. Pope Sergius II's consecration was rushed through immediately, without waiting for imperial ratification from the Frankish court. Although some of his supporters wanted John put to death for what they considered his presumption, Sergius intervened to save his life and John was confined to a monastery. Nothing further is known about him.

Antipope
An antipope (Latin: antipapa) is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church in opposition to the officially elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and secular rulers.  While modern claimants to the papacy still take place, they are rarely given serious consideration by either the public or the Church.

Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V.
1908 Grand Prix season
The 1908 Grand Prix season was the third Grand Prix racing season. An international economic recession affected motor-racing with fewer races and smaller fields. However, in consequence, it also saw an increase in the number of smaller cars and voiturette racing. This gave close racing between the teams from Lion-Peugeot, Sizaire-Naudin and Delage. Both the major races in Europe, the Targa Florio and French Grand Prix, had precursor voiturette races, and along with the Coupe des Voiturettes, the honours were shared between those three manufacturers.
This year’s Targa Florio had a small, but quality, field. Vincenzo Trucco won for Isotta-Fraschini with better mechanical reliability, after a close duel with the FIATs of Felice Nazzaro and Vincenzo Lancia.

The French Grand Prix had a big field and this time Christian Lautenschlager in a Mercedes again denied the French a victory in their own race. Felice Nazzaro won the Coppa Florio for FIAT

Vincenzo Trucco
Vincenzo Trucco (fl. 1905 – 1930) was an Italian racing driver from Milan. He was the Isotta Fraschini works driver and won the 1908 Targa Florio. He also competed in the 1913 Indianapolis 500, one of the first Europe-based drivers to travel to the U.S. for the event. Trucco was also friend and mentor to Alfieri Maserati, with whom he patented the spark plug.
Dose Your Dreams
Dose Your Dreams is the fifth studio album by Canadian hardcore punk band Fucked Up. The album was released on October 5, 2018, through Merge Records.

The four-year gap between the album and their 2014 album, Glass Boys, marked the longest gap in studio albums in the band's history. This was the band's last album with guitarist Ben Cook before his departure in 2021.

Glass Boys
Glass Boys is the fourth full-length studio album from the Canadian hardcore punk band Fucked Up. It was released on June 3, 2014, by Matador Records. The album deals with themes of growing old in the punk scene while trying to stay true to one's youthful ideals.
Masahiro Oishi
Masahiro Oishi Japanese: 大石真丈 (born November 29, 1968) is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competes in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions.

He has competed for numerous promotions during his career, most notably Shooto, Pancrase and ZST. He is the former Shooto World Featherweight (132 lb) Champion.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Clarence Halbert
Clarence Wells Halbert (August 31, 1874 – September 29, 1959) was an American lawyer and academic.  He was one of the five co-founders of William Mitchell College of Law in Minnesota.

Halbert was born in Binghamton, New York.  His family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota and he graduated from St. Paul High School in 1891.  He graduated from Yale University in 1895 and Yale Law School in 1897.  Returning to Minnesota, Halbert was admitted to practice in 1898 and joined a prominent local law firm managed by U.S. Senator and former Governor Cushman Davis, future U.S. Senator and Secretary of State Frank Kellogg, and Cordenio Severance.  Four years later, he entered into partnership with his brother Hugh, with whom he practiced for the rest of his career.

In 1900, along with Hiram F. Stevens, Ambrose Tighe, Moses Clapp, and Thomas D. O'Brien, Halbert founded the St. Paul College of Law, the first predecessor of William Mitchell College of Law.

Halbert died in Bettendorf, Iowa, aged 85.

Cordenio Severance
Cordenio Arnold Severance (1862–1925) was an American lawyer from Minnesota. He co-founded the American Law Institute and served as president of the American Bar Association. His wife, known as Mrs. Cordenio A. Severance published the book Indian Legends of Minnesota and survived the sinking of the RMS Republic in 1909.
Churicheni Island
Churicheni Island (Bulgarian: остров Чуричени, romanized: ostrov Churicheni, IPA: [ˈɔstrof t͡ʃoˈrit͡ʃɛni]) is the ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 230 m by 140 m.  It is separated from Robert Island by a 100 m wide passage.

The feature is named after the settlement of Churicheni in Southwestern Bulgaria.

Robert Island
Robert Island or Mitchells Island or Polotsk Island or Roberts Island is an island 11 miles (18 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, situated between Nelson Island and Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Robert Island is located at 62°24′S 59°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.500°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.500. Its surface area is 132 km2 (51 sq mi). The name "Robert Island" dates back to around 1821 and is now established in international usage.

Much of the Coppermine Peninsula in the west of the island is made up by a perched strandflat surface that was at sea level in the past.

Captain Richard Fildes may have named Robert Island for his brig Robert. Fildes was sealing in the South Shetlands in 1821–1822 until ice destroyed his vessel in March 1822. Fildes Strait is named for him.
1967 USC Trojans football team
The 1967 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1967 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled a 10–1 record (6–1 against conference opponents), won the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU or Pac-8) championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 258 to 87. The team was ranked #1 in the final AP and Coaches Polls.

Steve Sogge led the team in passing, completing 75 of 151 passes for 1,032 yards with seven touchdowns and seven interceptions.  O. J. Simpson led the team in rushing with 291 carries for 1,543 yards and 13 touchdowns. Earl McCullouch led the team in receiving with 30 catches for 540 yards and five touchdowns. Simpson won the Walter Camp Award.

Walter Camp Award
The Walter Camp Player of the Year Award is given annually to the collegiate American football player of the year, as decided by a group of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I FBS head coaches and sports information directors under the auspices of the Walter Camp Football Foundation. The award is named for Walter Camp, an important and influential figure in the development of the sport. Three players have won the award twice: Colt McCoy of the University of Texas in  2008 and 2009, Archie Griffin of Ohio State in 1974 and 1975, and O. J. Simpson of USC in 1967 and 1968.
Ministry of Home Affairs (Namibia)
The Namibian Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is a department of the Namibian government. It was established at Namibian independence in 1990, the first minister was Hifikepunye Pohamba who later became Namibia's second president. In 2020, Home Affairs was merged with the Ministry of Safety and Security and renamed Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security (MHAISS). Beside its functions as interior ministry, MHAISS also oversees the Namibian police and the prisons. The current minister is Lucia Iipumbu.

Interior ministry
An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement.

In some states, the interior ministry is entrusted with the functions of ensuring national security, immigration issues and protecting places of detention.

Structurally, an interior ministry is part of the highest bodies of executive power and reports directly to the head of government. In states with a federal structure, the ministry often has branches at the level of states or federal subjects.
Lowestoft North railway station
Lowestoft North was a railway station in Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. It was a stop on the Yarmouth-Lowestoft line, which closed in 1970. The station was located just to the east of the A12, opposite the Denes High School; a site which is now occupied by Beeching Drive.

Ormiston Denes Academy
Ormiston Denes Academy  is a secondary school with academy status located in the northern outskirts of Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk. It has around 1000 students aged 11 to 16.

It is situated on Yarmouth Road, the A47. It is also home to a sports training centre open to the public.
Calochlaena
Calochlaena is a genus of ferns within the family Dicksoniaceae. Although these ground ferns resemble bracken, they are only distantly related. Five species are known from Melanesia, Polynesia and eastern Australia. Calochlaena dubia, is a common fern of the east coast of Australia. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek kalos "beautiful" and chlaina "cloak", and refers to the soft hairs on the species.

The genus was originally described by William Ralph Maxon as a subgenus of the fern genus Culcita, but the differences were such that its members were raised to genus level, and are now considered to be in separate families. Culcita was restricted to two species, one from Mediterranean Europe and one from North America.

Culcita (plant)
Culcita is a genus of ferns, native to the Americas, Macaronesia and Iberian Peninsula. It is the only genus in the family Culcitaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may be treated as the subfamily Culcitoideae of a very broadly defined family Cyatheaceae, the placement used for the genus in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019.
Christianity and pandeism
A number of Christian writers have examined the concept of pandeism (a belief that God created and then became the universe and ceased to exist as a separate and conscious entity), and these have generally found it to be inconsistent with core principles of Christianity. The Roman Catholic Church, for example, condemned the Periphyseon of John Scotus Eriugena, later identified by physicist and philosopher Max Bernhard Weinstein as presenting a pandeistic theology, as appearing to obscure the separation of God and creation. The Church similarly condemned elements of the thought of Giordano Bruno which Weinstein and others determined to be pandeistic.

Nicholas of Cusa
Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (/kjuːˈseɪnəs/), was a German Catholic bishop and polymath active as a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism, he made spiritual and political contributions to European culture. A notable example of this is his mystical or spiritual writings on "learned ignorance", as well as his participation in power struggles between Rome and the German states of the Holy Roman Empire.

As papal legate to Germany from 1446, he was appointed cardinal for his merits by Pope Nicholas V in 1448 and Prince-Bishop of Brixen two years later. In 1459, he became vicar general in the Papal States. Nicholas has remained an influential figure. In 2001, the sixth centennial of his birth was celebrated on four continents and commemorated by publications on his life and work.
Alternative stable state
In ecology, the theory of alternative stable states (sometimes termed alternate stable states or alternative stable equilibria) predicts that ecosystems can exist under multiple "states" (sets of unique biotic and abiotic conditions). These alternative states are non-transitory and therefore considered stable over ecologically-relevant timescales. Ecosystems may transition from one stable state to another, in what is known as a state shift (sometimes termed a phase shift or regime shift), when perturbed. Due to ecological feedbacks, ecosystems display resistance to state shifts and therefore tend to remain in one state unless perturbations are large enough. Multiple states may persist under equal environmental conditions, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. Alternative stable state theory suggests that discrete states are separated by ecological thresholds, in contrast to ecosystems which change smoothly and continuously along an environmental gradient.

Environmental gradient
An environmental gradient, or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space (or time). Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, depth, temperature, soil humidity and precipitation. Often times,         a multitude of biotic (living) factors are closely related to these gradients; as a result of a change in an environmental gradient, factors such as species abundance, population density, morphology, primary productivity, predation, and local adaptation may be impacted.
Edmond Azemi
Edmond "Edo" Azemi (born 19 September 1980) is a Kosovan former professional basketball player who played for KB Prishtina in Kosovo Basketball Superleague and in Balkan International Basketball League. He is ethnically Albanian. Edmond Azemi is one of the most successful players in the history of basketball in Kosovo. He started the career in Kosovo in KB Prishtina. Most of the years he played with KB Prishtina team where he made history winning 10x Kosovo Basketball superleague, 9x Kosovo Cups, 3x Kosovo Supercups and 2x Balkan League.

Edmond Azemi is a member of the Kosovo national basketball team from 2011. He was part of the Albanian national basketball team from 2004 to 2010. Azemi also holds a Croatian passport.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
Porthgain
Porthgain (Welsh for 'fair/beautiful port' or more likely 'chisel port' from the Welsh 'porth' meaning port and 'gaing' meaning chisel as used by the many slate workers there after the port was built and became operational in the early 19th century') is a hamlet in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in South Wales, located between St David's and Goodwick just west of the village of Llanrhian, and in the parish of the same name.

Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro) is a national park along the Pembrokeshire coast in west Wales.

It was established as a National Park in 1952. It is one of the three National parks of Wales, the others being the Brecon Beacons and Snowdonia. It is the only national park in the United Kingdom to consist largely of coastal landscapes.
Wrestle Peter Pan 2019
Wrestle Peter Pan 2019 was a Japanese professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The event took place on July 15, 2019, in Tokyo at the Ota City General Gymnasium. The event featured thirteen matches, five of which were contested for championships. The event aired on Fighting TV Samurai and on DDT's video on demand service DDT Universe. This was the first Peter Pan event to have its name written in rōmaji.

KO-D Openweight Championship
The KO-D (King of DDT) Openweight Championship (Japanese: KO-D無差別級王座, Hepburn: KO-D Musabetsu-kyū Ōza) is a professional wrestling championship and the highest singles achievement in the DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT) brand division of the Japanese promotion CyberFight. It is one of CyberFight's major titles, alongside the GHC Heavyweight Championship in Pro Wrestling Noah. The title was established in 2000, and Masao Orihara was the inaugural champion.
USS Richard M. Rowell
USS Richard M. Rowell (DE-403) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort acquired by the United States Navy during World War II. The primary purpose of the destroyer escort was to escort and protect ships in convoy, in addition to other tasks as assigned, such as patrol or radar picket. During her career she earned six battle stars to her credit.

John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
The John C. Butler class were destroyer escorts that originated during World War II. The lead ship was USS John C. Butler, commissioned on 31 March 1944. The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse geared turbine drive. Of the 293 ships originally planned, 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down; three were not completed until after the end of World War II.
Tayug
Tayug, officially the Municipality of Tayug (Pangasinan: Baley na Tayug; Ilocano: Ili ti Tayug; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tayug), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 45,476 people.

It is an agricultural municipality producing commercial crops, livestock, and poultry.

Asingan
Asingan, officially the Municipality of Asingan (Pangasinan: Baley na Asingan; Ilocano: Ili ti Asingan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Asingan), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,349 people.

It was the hometown of President Fidel V. Ramos, the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992–1998.
Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov
Dvenadsat Apostolov (Russian: Двенадцать апостолов—"Twelve Apostles") was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy, the sole ship of her class. She entered service in 1893 with the Black Sea Fleet, but was not fully ready until 1894. The ship participated in the failed attempt to recapture the mutinous battleship Potemkin in 1905. Decommissioned and disarmed in 1911, Dvenadsat Apostolov became an immobile submarine depot ship the following year. The ship was captured by the Germans in 1918 in Sevastopol and was handed over to the Allies in December. Lying immobile in Sevastopol, she was captured by both sides in the Russian Civil War before she was abandoned when the White Russians evacuated the Crimea in 1920. Dvenadsat Apostolov was used as a stand-in for the title ship during the 1925 filming of Battleship Potemkin before she was finally scrapped in 1931.

Gun turret
A gun turret (or simply turret) is a mounting platform from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility and ability to turn and aim. A modern gun turret is generally a rotatable weapon mount that houses the crew or mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon and at the same time lets the weapon be aimed and fired in some degree of azimuth and elevation (cone of fire).
Purwakarta Regency
Purwakarta Regency (Sundanese: ᮕᮥᮁᮝᮊᮁᮒ) is a district area located in the Province of West Java, Indonesia. The administrative capital is the large town of Purwakarta, which is approximately 80 km southeast of Jakarta and 44 km northwest of Bandung. This district borders Karawang Regency in the west and Subang Regency in the east, while to the south it borders West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency.

The land area of the Regency is 971.72 km2, and it had a population of 852,521 in the 2010 Census and 997,869 in the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,050,344 - comprising 532,509 males and 517,835 females - for a density of 1,067.2 people per km2. The west of the regency includes the huge reservoir of the Waduk Jatiluhur (which forms a freshwater lake with a surface area of 83 km2), west of Purwakarta town and 70 km from Jakarta, created by the Jatiluhur Dam on the Tarum River.

Cianjur Regency
Cianjur Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Cianjur, pronounced [kabuˌpat̪ɛn t͡ʃiˈaɲd͡ʒʊr]; Sundanese: Kabupatén Cianjur) is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. The area of the regency is 3,614.38 km2 and its population at the 2010 Census was 2,171,281; the 2020 Census produced a total of 2,477,560 and the official estimate published by the regency government as at 2025 was 2,610,316 (comprising 1,333,933 males and 1,276,383 females). The town (district) of Cianjur is its seat.

Northern parts of the regency form a valley (above the 'neck' or narrowest part of the regency), and are far more densely populated than southern regions, with 68.4% of the regency's population in just 30.0% of its area.  As such, a portion of the northern valley (consisting of Cugenang, Pacet, Sukaresmi and Cipanas Districts in the far northwest of the regency) was briefly included in a definition of Greater Jakarta called Jabodetabekjur (with the "jur" standing for Cianjur).
Freemasonry in Costa Rica
Freemasonry begins in Costa Rica at the same time as in Central America during the course of the 19th century. Regular masonry begins when it was founded by Costa Rican Catholic priest Francisco Calvo, ex-Chaplain General of the Army of Costa Rica during the Filibuster War of 1856, who introduced regular masonry in Central America in 1865. However, there is evidence of the existence of "non-regular" Lodges active after the Independence and before. Prominent Costa Rican figures of politics, literature, art and science, including several presidents of the Republic, were Freemasons.

Bernardo Soto Alfaro
Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro (12 February 1854 – 28 January 1931) was Costa Rican lawyer, millitary officer and politician who served as the 14th President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889. A Freemason and prominent member of the liberal Olympus Generation, he was the second-youngest person to assume the presidency, at age 31.