hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod was founded by Prince Yuri II of Vladimir in 4 February 1221. Citizens organized an army to liberate Moscow from the Poles in 1611, led by Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. During the Russian Empire, in 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became the country's main trading city. In 1896, the city hosted the largest All-Russia exhibition. In the Soviet era, Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky, in honor of the writer Maxim Gorky. Then it was the industrial center of the Soviet Union. During the World War II, the city sent to the front a huge amount of military equipment and ammunition. Therefore,  the German air force bombed the city for 3 years. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city was renamed back to Nizhny Novgorod. In Russia, the city became a political center and the capital of the Volga Federal District. Now the city is the center of information technology and develops tourism.

Administrative divisions of Nizhny Novgorod
The city of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, is divided into two parts (Upper City and Lower City), eight districts, which are in turn subdivided into micro-districts, and municipal settlements.

Upper City - historical and cultural part. Located on the right hilly bank of the Oka River. It is divided into three districts.

Lower City - an industrial and commercial area. Located on the left lowland bank of the Oka River. It is divided into five districts.
Haide (Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf)
Haide is a hamlet in the municipality of Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf in the Greiz district of Thuringia, southwest of the hamlet Gottesgrün, located on the Neumark–Greiz railway. The residential area consists of two farmsteads and three other residential buildings.

Neumark–Greiz railway
The Neumark–Greiz railway was a branch line in the German states of Saxony and Thuringia, which was built by the Greiz-Brunn Railway Company. It ran from Neumark in the Vogtland district of Saxony to Greiz in Thuringia, but was closed in 1999.
Park Place station (Hudson and Manhattan Railroad)
The Park Place station was a terminal of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M) located at the intersection of Park Place and Centre Street in Newark, New Jersey, across the street from Military Park nearby Newark Public Service Terminal. The terminal opened on November 26, 1911, after the H&M extended its line westward from Grove Street in Jersey City to Summit Avenue, Manhattan Transfer, and over the Centre Street Bridge to Newark. The terminal closed on June 20, 1937, after the H&M tracks were realigned to serve the new Newark Penn Station.

The H&M was taken over by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1962, the system becoming the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH). The New Jersey Performing Arts Center is sited on the location of the terminal adjacent to the Newark Light Rail's NJPAC/Center Street station.

Journal Square Transportation Center
The Journal Square Transportation Center is a multi-modal transportation hub located on Magnolia Avenue and Kennedy Boulevard at Journal Square in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. Owned and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the complex includes a ten-story tower, a retail plaza, a bus terminal, a two-level parking facility, and the Journal Square station of the PATH rail transit system. The underground station has a high ceiling and a mezzanine level connecting the platforms.
River Wnion
The River Wnion is a river in the southeast of Gwynedd, Wales.  It begins high on the slopes of Aran Benllyn about five miles south of Llanuwchllyn and flows south-west into the River Mawddach near Cymer Abbey. It flows past several villages, including Rhyd-y-main and Bontnewydd, where a bridge crosses over the river that dates from the 18th century. It then flows to Dolgellau where another locally famous bridge, known as "Y Bont Fawr".  Its total length is approximately 12 miles.

The river may get its name from 'White' which turned from "gwyn" (white) into "gwn" (gun); indeed, there is a place called 'Pennar(th) Gwynion' in the vicinity, near Hengwrt.

Hengwrt
Hengwrt (Welsh for 'old court') was a mansion near Dolgellau in Meirionnydd, Gwynedd. It lay in the parish of Llanelltyd near the confluence of the River Mawddach and River Wnion, near Cymer Abbey. With medieval origins, it was rebuilt or remodelled on several occasions before being demolished in 1962. It is remembered as the original home of the important collection of the Peniarth Manuscripts, now in the National Library of Wales.
Aerospace
Aerospace refers to the technology and industry involved with the atmosphere and outer space collectively. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astronautics. Aerospace organizations research, design, manufacture, operate, maintain, and repair both aircraft and spacecraft.

The border between space and the atmosphere has been proposed as 100 kilometres (62.1 mi) above the ground according to the physical explanation that the air density is too low for a lifting body to generate meaningful lift force without exceeding orbital velocity. This border has been called the Kármán line.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Salvia uribei
Salvia uribei is a herbaceous perennial that is endemic to a single small valley between Tunja and Cucaita in Colombia. It grows in dry scrub, along with Salvia palifolia and Peperomia species, between 2,900 to 2,950 m (9,510 to 9,680 ft) elevation. It was named after Lorenzo Uribe Uribe, who discovered the plant, and has made significant contributions to Colombian botany.

S. uribei is decumbent, rooting near the base, and growing to 30 cm (12 in) tall, with 4-angled stems with white hairs. The broad ovate leaves are 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in) long and 2.5 to 4.5 cm (0.98 to 1.77 in) wide, with the upper side dark green and pilose, and the underside grey tomentose. The inflorescence has 2 to 12 cm (0.79 to 4.72 in) terminal racemes, with a 15 to 16 mm (0.59 to 0.63 in) long corolla that has a blue upper lip and a dark violet lower lip with a white throat.

Salvia palifolia
Salvia palifolia is a decumbent perennial herb native to Colombia and western Venezuela, growing in grassland, cloud forest clearings, streamsides, and rocky outcrops from 1,600 to 3,500 m (5,200 to 11,500 ft) elevation. The 3 to 4 cm (1.2 to 1.6 in) long green leaves are hastate or cordate; the blue flowers are 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) long.
Thirroul railway station
Thirroul railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the South Coast railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the northern Wollongong suburb of Thirroul. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Awning
An awning or overhang is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building. It is typically composed of canvas woven of acrylic, cotton or polyester yarn, or vinyl laminated to polyester fabric that is stretched tightly over a light structure of aluminium, iron or steel, possibly wood or transparent material (used to cover solar thermal panels in the summer, but that must allow as much light as possible in the winter). The configuration of this structure is something of a truss, space frame or planar frame. Awnings are also often constructed of aluminium understructure with aluminium sheeting. These aluminium awnings are often used when a fabric awning is not a practical application where snow load as well as wind loads may be a factor.
Guibemantis pulcherrimus
Guibemantis pulcherrimus is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to forests in the northern part Madagascar. It was discovered to be a distinct species in 2023, and can be distinguished from Guibemantis pulcher through its DNA, vocalizations and location. Additionally, they have more, but smaller, spots on their back, and less pronounced brown patches on their sides. Guibemantis pulcherrimus is named for its beauty, 'pulcherrimus' being Latin for more beautiful.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Oluwatobi Oyero
Oluwatobi Oyero (born September 29, 1988), also known by his stage name Toby Williams, is a Nigerian-born bassist, and band leader. He is widely known as a bassist on most Nigerian gospel songs, some of which include Gbani Gbani” by Tomisin Ade-Kolawole and “Victory Praise” by Adedoyin Oseni. He has also held live performances with gospel artists, Tim Godfrey, Moses Bliss, and Damilola Bekes.

He emerged Bass Player of the Year at the Eko Heritage Awards 2024.

Adedoyin Oseni
Adedoyin Oseni (born August 9, 1994) is a Nigerian-born Afro-contemporary gospel saxophonist and worship leader. He is known for his song "Incense" featuring Theophilus Ogaga and also "Jelenke iLife", which he has performed at several global stages. He won the God's Children Got Talent 2014 edition, created by the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), He also emerged as Best Gospel Saxophonist Of The Year at the Eko Heritage Awards 2024.
Fosdesdenosine sipalabenamide
Fosdesdenosine sipalabenamide is an investigational new drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and lymphoma. This compound is a phosphoramidate derivative of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), a chemical compound originally isolated from the fungus Cordyceps militaris. As a nucleoside analog with potential antineoplastic properties, Fosdesdenosine sipalabenamide is designed to inhibit RNA synthesis and act as an RNA inhibitor. The drug is being developed by NuCana Plc.

Cordycepin
Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine, differing from the latter by the replacement of the hydroxy group in the 3' position with a hydrogen.  It was initially extracted from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, but can now be produced synthetically.
LeapFrog Enterprises
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. is an educational entertainment and electronics company based in Emeryville, California. LeapFrog designs, develops, and markets technology-based learning products and related content for the education of children from infancy through grade school. The company was founded by Michael Wood and Robert Lally in 1994. John Barbour is the chief executive officer of LeapFrog.

Lionsgate Studios
Lionsgate Studios Corp. is a Canadian-American film and television production and distribution conglomerate, domiciled in Vancouver, British Columbia, and primarily based in Santa Monica, California. It was formed on May 14, 2024, after Starz Entertainment, formerly known as Lionsgate, spun off its film and television businesses.

Lionsgate Studios's portfolio includes Lionsgate Canada (formerly known as Entertainment One/eOne), 3 Arts Entertainment, Pilgrim Media Group, Lionsgate Films, Lionsgate Television, Lionsgate Alternative Television, Lionsgate Home Entertainment, a minority stake in 42, and a stake of joint venture Amblin Partners. Through Lionsgate Films, the company also releases films under the Summit Entertainment and eOne Films labels.
2021 Rafa Nadal Open
The 2021 Rafa Nadal Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Manacor, Spain between 30 August and 5 September 2021.

Rafa Nadal Open
The Rafa Nadal Open is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Rafa Nadal Academy in Manacor, Spain, since 2018.
1998 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1998 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 99th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896. The draw for the group stage pairings took place in February 1998. The championship ran from 25 April to 22 November 1998.

Birr entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St Rynagh's in the semi-finals.

The final, a replay, was played on 22 November 1998 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Seir Kieran and St Rynagh's, in what was their third meeting in the final in four years. Seir Kieran won the match by 1–11 to 0–08 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first championship title in two years.

1997 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 1997 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 100th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Seir Kieran were the defending champions.

The final was played on 5 October 1997 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Birr and Seir Kieran, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in three years. Birr won the match by 0–14 to 2–04 to claim their 13th championship title overall and a first title in three years.
Bhairab Naach
Bhairab Pyankhan. "Bhairava's Dance" is an ancient masked dance performed by Newar community in the Pokhara Valley of Nepal as part of the Bhairab Jatra festival and named after Bhairab Bhairava, an aspect of Shiva.

Pokhara Valley
Pokhara Valley is the second-largest valley in the hilly region of Nepal. It lies in the western part of Nepal. The cities of Pokhara and Lekhnath are in the valley. As of 2023, Pokhara has a population of 599,504. It is located in Gandaki zone, 203 km (126 mi) west of Kathmandu Valley. The city of Pokhara is one of the major cities of Nepal and it, like Kathmandu Valley, is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes due to its clay soil and liquefaction potential.
Nando de Colo
Nando Bruno Alfred Andre de Colo (born 23 June 1987) is a French professional basketball player for Fenerbahçe Beko of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroLeague. Standing at a height of 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m), he plays at the point guard and shooting guard positions. A six-time All-EuroLeague selection, de Colo won the EuroLeague title in 2016 and 2019 with CSKA Moscow, earning both the EuroLeague MVP and Final Four MVP awards in the process.

De Colo is the all-time top scorer in European continental basketball competitions, having surpassed Nikos Galis in 2022.

Cholet Basket
Cholet Basket is a professional basketball club that is based in Cholet, France. The club plays in the LNB Pro A. Their home arena is La Meilleraie. Established in 1975, Cholet won its first French championship in the 2009–10 season. In 1998 and 1999, Cholet won the French Cup.
Owen Rinehart
Owen Rinehart is an American polo player.

He won the U.S. Open handicap in 1982 and the U.S. Open Polo Championship in 1986. He also won the Gold Cup, C.V. Whitney Cup, the Monty Waterbury Cup, the America Cup, the Hall of Fame and World Cups, as well as the East Coast Open. He also won the Coronation Cup in 1987 and the Westchester Cup in 1992. His pony Hill Country Slim won the Hartman Trophy in 1986.

He was inducted into the Museum of Polo and Hall of Fame on February 13, 2009. In 2012, he appeared on a television special about polo on 60 Minutes.

Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
Cornelius "Sonny" Vanderbilt Whitney (February 20, 1899 – December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, government official, writer and philanthropist. He was also a polo player who  owned a stable of Thoroughbred racehorses.
Civil rights movement in popular culture
The history of the 1954 to 1968 American civil rights movement has been depicted and documented in film, song, theater, television, and the visual arts. These presentations add to and maintain cultural awareness and understanding of the goals, tactics, and accomplishments of the people who organized and participated in this nonviolent movement.

Michael Schwerner
Michael Henry "Mickey" Schwerner (November 6, 1939 – June 21, 1964) was an American civil rights activist. He was one of three Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) field workers murdered in rural Neshoba County, Mississippi, by members of the Ku Klux Klan. Schwerner and two co-workers, James Chaney and Andrew Goodman, were killed in response to their civil rights work, which included promoting voting registration among African Americans, most of whom had been disenfranchised in the state since 1890.
Stine Jørgensen
Stine Østergaard Jørgensen (born 3 September 1990) is a Danish former handball player. She was the team captain of the national team and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. In May 2020, she announced her retirement from the Danish national team.

2013 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2013 World Women's Handball Championship, the 21st event hosted by the International Handball Federation (IHF), was held in Serbia from 6 to 22 December 2013.

Brazil defeated Serbia 22–20 in the final and became the first IHF world champions from the Americas.
New Market, Alabama
New Market is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northeast Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 1,543. Although it was the first area settled in Madison County, the town has never been incorporated.

Flint River (Alabama)
The Flint River, 65.7 mi (105.7 km) long and draining an area of 568 sq mi (1,470 km2), is a tributary to the Tennessee River. The river rises in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and flows south into Madison County, Alabama, where most of the river's watershed (342 sq. mi.) is located. The land within this watershed is predominantly agricultural and has experienced significant recent residential growth from the city of Huntsville. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program is currently investigating water quality in the lower Tennessee River basin with several monitoring activities targeted in the Flint River Basin.
Arrondissements of the Nord department (France)
The 6 arrondissements of the Nord department are:

Arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, (subprefecture: Avesnes-sur-Helpe) with 151 communes. Its population was 225,391 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Cambrai, (subprefecture: Cambrai) with 116 communes. Its population was 158,753 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Douai, (subprefecture: Douai) with 64 communes. Its population was 244,710 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Dunkirk (Dunkerque), (subprefecture: Dunkirk) with 111 communes. Its population was 371,736 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Lille, (prefecture of the Nord department: Lille) with 124 communes. Its population was 1,260,060 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Valenciennes, (subprefecture: Valenciennes) with 82 communes. Its population was 350,643 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Lille
The arrondissement of Lille is an arrondissement of France in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 124 communes. Its population is 1,260,060 (2021), and its area is 879.5 km2 (339.6 sq mi).
Pool Parties
Pool Parties /ˌpuːlˈpɑːrtiːs/ was a summer series of free outdoor concerts that took place in an abandoned olympic-size swimming pool in McCarren Park in Greenpoint, Brooklyn from 2006 to 2008 and at the East River State Park in Williamsburg, Brooklyn from 2009 to 2010.

The music festival hosted more than 200,000 people over the summer.  The Pool Parties featured a diverse range of artists such as Aesop Rock, Beach House, Black Lips, Blonde Redhead, Cap'n Jazz, Chromeo, Cut Copy, Dan Deacon, Deerhoof, Dirty Projectors, Dr. Dog, Grizzly Bear, The Hold Steady, MGMT, Mission of Burma, Superchunk, Ted Leo and the Pharmacists, The Walkmen, and !!!.

Marsha P. Johnson State Park
Marsha P. Johnson State Park (formerly and also known as East River State Park) is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) state park in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City, New York, U.S. The park stretches along the East River near North 7th, 8th, and 9th Streets, with views of the Williamsburg Bridge and Midtown Manhattan.

East River State Park opened in 2007 on the site of the Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal. The park was renamed in honor of gay rights activist Marsha P. Johnson in 2020, becoming the first New York state park to be named after an LGBTQ person.
Reeve Aleutian Airways
Reeve Aleutian Airways was an airline headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska, United States. It ceased operations on December 5, 2000. Reeve Aleutian was named, possibly as a pun on the word revolution, by combining founder Robert C. Reeve's surname and the Aleutian Islands, its primary destination.

Nikolski, Alaska
Nikolski (Chalukax̂  in Aleut; Russian: Никольский) is a census-designated place (CDP) on Umnak Island in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 39 at the 2020 census, up from 18 in 2010. Nikolski is on Nikolski Bay, off the southwest end of the island. It is 116 air miles west of Unalaska, and 800 nautical miles from Anchorage. Residents are known as Unangan, and Aleut is spoken in most of the remaining homes.
Shwekyimyin Pagoda
Shwekyimyin Pagoda (Burmese: ရွှေကျီးမြင်စေတီတော်) is a notable pagoda in Mandalay, Burma, located on 24th Street, between 82nd and 83rd Streets. It was built in 1167 by Min Shin Saw, a prince from Pagan, who had come to the shores of the Aungbinle lake to cultivate rice. In the early 1900s, in one of its chapels, 40 images of Buddha found in the Mandalay Palace at the time of the British occupation in 1885 are kept for safe custody. A pagoda was built in 1852 over the older one. It is known for the Shweilnbin, an image of Gautama Buddha that was originally placed in a pagoda built in Pagan by King Narapatisithu and consequently moved to other royal capitals.

Bagan
Bagan (/bəˈɡæn/ bə-GAN; Burmese: ပုဂံ Băgam [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries, more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains alone, of which the remains of over 2200 temples and pagodas survive.

The Bagan Archaeological Zone is a main attraction for the country's nascent tourism industry.
Caesura
A caesura (/sɪˈzjʊərə/, pl. caesuras or caesurae; Latin for "cutting"), also written cæsura and cesura, is a metrical pause or break in a verse where one phrase ends and another phrase begins. It may be expressed by a comma (,), a tick (✓), or two lines, either slashed (//) or upright (||). In time value, this break may vary between the slightest perception of silence all the way up to a full pause.

Slash (punctuation)
The slash is a slanting line punctuation mark /. It is also known as a stroke or solidus, a forward slash and several other historical or technical names. Once used as the equivalent of the modern period and comma, the slash is now used to represent division and fractions, as a date separator, in between multiple alternative or related terms, and to indicate abbreviation.