hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grieg (crater)
Grieg is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 59 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Grieg is named after the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg, who lived from 1843 to 1907.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Grieg lies within a part of the Borealis Planitia.  To the west of it is Sor Juana crater, and to the southeast is Monet.  To  the north is Abedin.

Abedin (crater)
Abedin is a crater on Mercury. It was named after the Bangladeshi artist Zainul Abedin by the IAU in 2009.

Abedin exhibits a complex crater structure with a smooth floor, wall terraces, and a central peak complex. The chains of smaller craters surrounding Abedin are secondary craters formed by ejecta from the initial impact. The northwestern section of Abedin's continuous ejecta blanket appears to have a lower reflectance than the rest of the material adjacent to the crater rim. This pattern suggests that the darker material resided at some depth beneath the northwestern portion of the pre-impact target area and was excavated and redeposited during the crater's formation.

An irregular depression within the central peak complex is evidence of explosive volcanism.
Makat District
Makat District (Kazakh: Мақат ауданы, Maqat audany) is a district of Atyrau Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the urban-type settlement of Makat. Population: 29,744 (2013 estimate); 29,269 (2009 census results); 25,193 (1999 census results).

Makat
47°39′00″N 53°19′00″E﻿ / ﻿47.65000°N 53.31667°E﻿ / 47.65000; 53.31667

Makat (Kazakh: Мақат, romanized: Maqat, pronounced [mɑq(χ)ɑ́t]; Russian: Макат) is a town in Atyrau Region, Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 22 m (72 ft) below sea level. It has a population of 14,082.
Herrera Province
7°50′N 80°40′W﻿ / ﻿7.833°N 80.667°W﻿ / 7.833; -80.667

Herrera (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈreɾa]) is a province in Panama. Named after General Tomás Herrera, the province was founded on January 18, 1915 from a division of the Los Santos province.  The capital city of Herrera is Chitré, which is located near the province's coastline.  Herrera is bordered on the north by the provinces of Veraguas and Coclé, on the south by the province of Los Santos, on the east by Golfo de Parita and the province of Los Santos, and on the west by the province of Veraguas.

Veraguas Province
Veraguas (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈɾa.ɣwas]) is a province of Panama, located in the centre-west of the country. The capital is the city of Santiago de Veraguas. It is the only Panamanian province to border both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It covers an area of 10,587.6 km² and in 2023 it had a population of 259,791.
2011 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 2011 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the franchise's 125th season as a member of the National League and 130th season overall. This was their 11th season at PNC Park. The season was the first with manager Clint Hurdle, who was hired to replace the fired John Russell. After going a major league worst 57–105, they enjoyed somewhat of a resurgence, winning more than 70 games for the first time since 2004 and being covered significantly in the summer due to being involved in the pennant race, but they still locked up their 19th consecutive losing season.

2011 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 2011 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 82nd in-season exhibition game between the All-Stars of the National League (NL) and the American League (AL); the leagues composing Major League Baseball. The event was held on Tuesday, July 12, 2011 at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona, home of the National League Arizona Diamondbacks. The game ended in a 5–1 win for the National League, their second straight All-Star victory. It was the first MLB All-Star Game to be held in Arizona and the first in a National League Park to have a designated hitter.

With a combination of injuries and rule enforcements, a record 84 players were named to the All-Star rosters.  This broke the record of 82 players that were on rosters for the 2010 game.
Solar Millennium
Solar Millennium was a German company globally active in the renewable energy sector founded in 1998 in Erlangen, Germany, which is specialized in the designing and implementation of solar thermal power plants. The main activities are site selection, project development, planning, design and construction of parabolic trough power plants.

The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) is investigating allegations of insider trading in the company's shares at Solar Millennium. According to a report in the Süddeutsche Zeitung, company founder Hannes Kuhn is said to have bought shares before Utz Claassen's engagement caused the share price to jump.

As a result of the reporting, Hannes Kuhn stretched a sued against the journalists involved and the Süddeutsche Zeitung for around 80 million euros in damages for eight years. Expert said it was a SLAPP.

Ferrostaal
Ferrostaal is a German-owned industrial services company. It has 4,400 employees and an annual turnover of around 1.6 billion euros (2008), and has a market presence in around 40 countries. The company's activities are focused in two areas: Projects (Petrochemicals, Industrial Plants, Solar Energy and Power) and Services (Equipment, Piping, Automotive). In 2009, the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) of Abu Dhabi took over 70% of the shares of Ferrostaal AG from MAN AG, Munich. Due to the acquisition of the majority shares, the company entered the commercial register as Ferrostaal, signifying its separation from the MAN Group.
BiM
BiM (Binary MPEG format for XML) is an international standard defining a generic binary format for encoding XML documents.

The technical specifications for BiM are found in: MPEG systems technologies - Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML (ISO/IEC 23001-1) It is also known as MPEG-B Part 1.

DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
Hrdlořezy (Prague)
Hrdlořezy is a catastral district in Prague. It has population of 1,666. It became part of Prague on 1 January 1922. It lies mostly in the municipal and administrative district of Prague 9 while a small part is in Prague 10. The district is bordered by Žižkov, Vysočany, Hloubětín, Kyje and Malešice.

Hloubětín
Hloubětín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦloubjɛciːn], German: Tiefenbach) is a district of Prague located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the centre, belonging mostly to Prague 9, with parts of it also belonging to Prague 14 and Prague 10. There were 10,704 people living in this area in 2001. The area, first recorded in the 13th century due to presence of the Teutonic Knights, became part of Prague in 1922. Today it is mainly an industrial area, located on the edge of Prague's so-called průmyslový polookruh (industrial semi-circle). During communist times, Hloubětín was well known as the home of the Tesla company.
American Public University System
American Public University System (APUS) is a private, for-profit, online university system headquartered at Charles Town, West Virginia. It consists of American Military University (AMU) and American Public University (APU).

APUS is wholly owned by American Public Education, Inc., a publicly traded private-sector corporation. APUS maintains corporate and academic offices in Charles Town, West Virginia. APUS offers associates, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees, in addition to dual degrees, certificate programs and learning tracks.

About 56% of APUS students reported that they served in the military on active duty at initial enrollment. About 55,000 military service members get tuition assistance for APUS schools. Another 16,702 use their GI Bill benefits for the schools.

Distance Education Accrediting Commission
The Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC; formerly the National Home Study Council and then the Distance Education and Training Council) is a private and non-profit national educational accreditation agency in the United States specializing in the accreditation of (51 percent or more of) distance education programs of study and institutions. The DEAC is recognized as a U.S. institutional accreditor by both the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
Mockingbird Valley, Kentucky
Mockingbird Valley is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. Since incorporation, there has been some interest in making it a historic preservation district, largely to prevent unwanted development. As of the 2020 census, Mockingbird Valley had a population of 175. It has the highest per capita income of any location in Kentucky and the tenth-highest of any location in the United States.

Located directly to the east of Louisville along the Ohio River, Mockingbird Valley is frequently referred to as a "country enclave" and is noted for its rural feel. It is located on river bluffs and rolling hills, with large homes set back from the road, heavy tree density, bridges and walls using traditional local materials, as well as undisturbed rock outcroppings. One-third of the roads are privately owned, and the entire city is zoned residential except for a small commercial parking lot.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.
Olivia Pope
Olivia Carolyn Pope is a fictional character created by Shonda Rhimes for the political drama television series Scandal. This character also played a small role in the series How to Get Away with Murder on its 4th season produced by Shonda Rhimes where she plays a crisis manager who helped Annalise get her class-action case heard by the Supreme Court. The character is partially based on American lawyer, manager and author Judy Smith. In the series, Pope is played as an adult by Kerry Washington and as a child by Yara Shahidi.

Pope is a Washington, D.C.–based crisis manager who runs her own firm, Olivia Pope & Associates (OPA), that specializes in "fixing" political situations and scandals. The character has become a widely watched fashion and style trendsetter.

Judy Smith
Judy A. Smith (born October 27, 1958) is an American crisis manager, lawyer, author, and television producer. She is known as the founder, president, and CEO of the crisis management firm Smith & Company. Her work in crisis management is the inspiration for the ABC television series Scandal.
John Dabney Terrell Sr.
John Dabney Terrell Sr. (October 14, 1775 – May 10, 1850), surveyor, planter, and politician in Alabama, was born to a planter family in Bedford County, Virginia, and died in Marion County, Alabama. He moved to the region about 1814, well before Indian Removal which began in the 1830s, and served as the United States Indian Agent to the Chickasaw under two presidents. He developed a plantation and was a slaveholder. He became active in territorial and state politics, serving as a state senator and also as a state representative.

Buttahatchee River
The Buttahatchee River is a tributary of the Tombigbee River, about 125 miles (201 km) long, in northwestern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi in the United States. Via the Tombigbee River, it is part of the watershed of the Mobile River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico.
Cardinals created by Nicholas V
Pope Nicholas V (r. 1447–1455) created eight new cardinals in three consistories, including the former Antipope Felix V (r. 1439–1449). He also confirmed the three promotions made by this antipope, and restored two cardinals who were created by the legitimate popes but then deposed for having supported the schism of the Council of Basel and Antipope Felix V.

College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (Latin: Collegium Cardinalium), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, of whom 121 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, cardinals serve for life, but become ineligible to participate in a papal conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs.

Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils ratified by the pope, and the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900, nearly half of whom were created after 1655. This number excludes possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty.
Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale
The Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale is a local government area in the outer southeastern metropolitan area of Perth, the capital of Western Australia, and has an area of 905 square kilometres (349 sq mi) and a population of 32,173 as at the 2021 census. Despite being named after two towns in the area, neither Serpentine nor Jarrahdale function as either the Shire's largest settlement (Byford) or the seat of government (Mundijong).

Mundijong, Western Australia
Mundijong is an outer suburb of the Western Australian capital city of Perth.

Originally named Jarrahdale Junction, it was at the junction of the Jarrahdale to Rockingham railway line and the government railway line from Perth to Bunbury, which was built in 1893.

At the 2016 census, Mundijong had a population of 1,232.

A town grew up around the junction, and a timber depot, which included a large planing mill, was constructed. The town was first declared as "Manjedal" in 1893 as it was thought to be the Aboriginal name of the area. In 1897 this was found to be incorrect, and the name was changed to Mundijong. It was officially gazetted as a locality on 1 May 1997.
Natada nasoni
Natada nasoni, Nason's slug or Nason's slug moth, is a moth of the family Limacodidae. It is found in the United States from Missouri to the Atlantic coast and south to the Gulf of Mexico.

The larvae feed on various smooth-leaved woody plants, including beech, hickory and hornbeam. They are adorned with stinging spines.

Limacodidae
The Limacodidae or Eucleidae  are a family of moths in the superfamily Zygaenoidea or the Cossoidea; the placement is in dispute. They are often called slug moths because their caterpillars bear a distinct resemblance to slugs.  They are also called cup moths because of the shape of their cocoons.

The larvae are often liberally covered in protective stinging hairs, and are mostly tropical, but occur worldwide, with about 1800 described species and probably many more as yet undescribed species.
2025 Flanders Darts Trophy
The 2025 Flanders Darts Trophy (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2025 Blåkläder Flanders Darts Trophy) was a professional darts tournament that took place at the Antwerp Expo in Antwerp, Belgium, from 29 to 31 August 2025. It was the tenth of fourteen PDC European Tour events on the 2025 PDC Pro Tour. It featured a field of 48 players and £175,000 in prize money, with £30,000 going to the winner.

Dave Chisnall was the defending champion after defeating Ricardo Pietreczko 8–6 in the 2024 final. However, he lost to Leon Weber 6–4 in the second round.

Luke Littler won the tournament, his fourth European Tour title, by defeating Josh Rock 8–7 in the final.

Three-dart average
The three-dart average in darts is the average of the total score achieved with each turn of three darts.

Averages are the most cited statistics in matches as they give a rough estimate of a player's form. The longer a match lasts, the harder it is to maintain a high average, as low-scoring legs or missed darts when aiming for a double bring the average down.

While there have been match averages of over 130 in floor tournaments, the world record only lists televised matches, which are easy to verify.
Anthurium jenmanii
Anthurium jenmanii is a species of plant in the genus Anthurium. Growing as an epiphyte subshrub, it is native to South America from Trinidad and Tobago to Brazil. A member of the section Pachyneurium, and like related species it has a "birds nest" growth habit. It has a dark purple-black spadix and spathe, and produces red berries. In cultivation, it is commonly mistaken for Anthurium bonplandii subsp. guayanum, a related species.

Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium
Pachyneurium is a section within the genus Anthurium. It is the largest section, containing the "bird's nest" Anthuriums. Plants of the section are terrestrial, with a rosette growth habit of dense, deeply rooted stems, and long lanceolate to oblanceolate leaves. Leaves are borne on short petioles and often have waved margins. The most notable characteristic is in the rolling of new leaves. Anthurium of all other sections are rolled in a simple spiral, resembling a conch shell; those of Pachyneurium are rolled in two opposite spirals towards the central rib of the leaf.

The birdsnest form of these Anthuriums means that they trap debris and water quite efficiently in the plant base; this adaptation is a response to living in very arid climates. As such, they rarely appear in wet forest environments, where other Anthurium sections are frequent inhabitants.  Typical plants of the section include Anthurium affine, A. cubense and A. schlechtendalii.
Albion, California
Albion is an unincorporated community in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located 15 miles (24 km) south of Fort Bragg, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m). For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that Albion as a census-designated place (CDP). Albion had a population of 153 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bragg, California
Fort Bragg is a city along the North Coast of California in Mendocino County. The city is 24 miles (39 km) west of Willits, at an elevation of 85 feet (26 m). Its population was 6,983 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its views of the Pacific Ocean. Among its points of interest are Glass Beach and the California Western Railroad (popularly known as the "Skunk Train").

A California Historical Landmark, Fort Bragg was founded in 1857 prior to the American Civil War as a military garrison rather than a fortification. It was named after army officer Braxton Bragg, who at the time had served the U.S. in the Mexican–American War (and would later serve in the Confederate Army during the Civil War). The city was incorporated in 1889.
Throwing sports
Throwing sports, or throwing games, are physical, human competitions where the outcome is measured by a player's ability to throw an object.

The two primary forms are throwing for distance and throwing at a given target or range. The four most prominent throwing for distance sports are in track and field: shot put, discus, javelin, and the hammer throw. Target-based sports have two main genres: bowling and darts, each of which have a great number of variations.

Coconut shy
A coconut shy (or coconut shie) is a traditional British game frequently found as a sidestall at funfairs and fêtes. The game consists of throwing wooden balls at a row of coconuts balanced on posts. Typically a player buys three balls and wins when each coconut is successfully dislodged. In some cases other prizes may be won instead of the coconuts.

The word "shy" in this context means to toss or throw.
Mourning warehouse
A mourning warehouse or maison de deuil was a shop which sold goods for funerals and the elaborate mourning of the Victorian era.  These included dark clothing and fabric which might be required for years of wear after a death.  These establishments could also provide large items such as coffins, a hearse and appropriate horses to draw it.

Large mourning warehouses were established in many American and European cities during the 19th century.  In London, these included Peter Robinson's Family and General Mourning Warehouse in Oxford Street and The London General Mourning Warehouse, established by W. C. Jay in Regent Street in 1841.  In Paris, the Grande Maison de Noir was established in the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré.

In the 20th century, the fashion for elaborate funerals and mourning declined.  The surviving establishments, such as Hanningtons of Brighton, tended to diversify by becoming more general department stores.

Peter Robinson (department store)
Peter Robinson was a chain of department stores with its flagship store being situated at Oxford Circus, London. Founded in 1833 as a drapery, Robinson bought up nearby shops on Oxford Street to create a department store. The Topshop chain debuted in 1964 as a section in a Peter Robinson branch. The shop building in Oxford Circus was completed in 1912 and is Grade II listed.
United States Assistant Secretary of State
Assistant Secretary of State (A/S) is a title used for many executive positions in the United States Department of State, ranking below the under secretaries. A set of six assistant secretaries reporting to the under secretary of state for political affairs manage diplomatic missions within their designated geographic regions, plus one assistant secretary dealing with international organizations and one equivalent as the coordinator/ambassador at large for counterterrorism. Assistant secretaries usually manage individual bureaus of the Department of State. When the manager of a bureau or another agency holds a title other than assistant secretary, such as "director," it can be said to be of "assistant secretary equivalent rank." Assistant secretaries typically have a set of deputies, referred to as deputy assistant secretaries (DAS).

Rogers Act
The Rogers Act of 1924, often referred to as the Foreign Service Act of 1924, is the legislation that merged the United States diplomatic and consular services into the United States Foreign Service. It defined a personnel system under which the United States secretary of state is authorized to assign and rotate diplomats abroad. It merged the low-paid high prestige diplomatic service with the higher paid, middle class consul service. The act provided a merit-based career path, with guaranteed rotations and better pay.
Random priority item allocation
Random priority (RP), also called random serial dictatorship (RSD), is a procedure for fair random assignment - dividing indivisible items fairly among people.

Suppose  partners have to divide  (or fewer) different items among them. Since the items are indivisible, some partners will necessarily get the less-preferred items (or no items at all). RSD attempts to insert fairness into this situation in the following way. Draw a random permutation of the agents from the uniform distribution. Then, let them successively choose an object in that order (so the first agent in the ordering gets first pick and so on).

Random permutation
A random permutation is a sequence where any order of its items is equally likely at random, that is, it is a permutation-valued random variable of a set of objects. The use of random permutations is common in games of chance and in randomized algorithms in coding theory, cryptography, and simulation. A good example of a random permutation is the fair shuffling of a standard deck of cards:  this is ideally a random permutation of the 52 cards.