hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thurstan of Caen
Thurstan of Caen was a Norman monk from the Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen who served as abbot of Glastonbury from c. 1077 to his death, some time between 1096 and 1100.  He is chiefly notable for his aggressive introduction of new ecclesiastical practices, unwelcome to his Anglo-Saxon monks, and for its terrible consequences.  In 1083 tension culminated in a massacre in which Thurstan's men-at-arms killed either two or three monks and wounded either fourteen or eighteen.  He was returned to Normandy in disgrace, but is in later years found at the English royal court where he continued as Glastonbury's abbot in absentia.

Abbot of Glastonbury
The Abbot of Glastonbury was the head (or abbot) of the Anglo-Saxon and eventually Benedictine house of Glastonbury Abbey at Glastonbury in Somerset, England.

The following is a list of abbots of Glastonbury:
Dunhuang Manichaean texts
The Dunhuang Manichaean texts refers to three Manichaean manuscripts of the Tang dynasty found in the Buddhist scripture cave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang.

Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll

Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism

Manichaean Compendium

Irk Bitig a Turkic divination text written in the Old Turkic script. May have been used syncretically by manichaeans

Xiabuzan
The Xiabuzan (Chinese: 下部讚) is a Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll found by British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the Mogao Grottoes. It contains a series of hymns used in religious ceremonies. It is currently held at the British Library, where it is catalogued as number S.2659.
Whisler Island
Whisler Island is an uninhabited island within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. An island within an island, it is located near the southern shore of Lake Hazen on Ellesmere Island within Quttinirpaaq National Park.

It was named for Private William Whisler, a member of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition.

Quttinirpaaq National Park
Quttinirpaaq National Park is located on the northeastern corner of Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is the second most northerly park on Earth after Northeast Greenland National Park. In Inuktitut, Quttinirpaaq means "top of the world". It was established as Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve in 1988, and the name was changed to Quttinirpaaq in 1999, when Nunavut was created, and became a national park in 2000.
The reserve covers 37,775 km2 (14,585 sq mi), making it the second largest park in Canada, after Wood Buffalo National Park.

The park is remarkable for its extensive glaciers and ice caps, desert-like conditions, and life forms that are uniquely adapted to the extreme polar environment. Only about 50 people visit the park each year.
Thiophosphoryl fluoride
Thiophosphoryl fluoride is an inorganic molecular gas with formula PSF3 containing phosphorus, sulfur and fluorine. It spontaneously ignites in air and burns with a cool flame. The discoverers were able to have flames around their hands without discomfort, and called it "probably one of the coldest flames known". The gas was discovered in 1888.

It is useless for chemical warfare as it burns immediately and is not toxic enough.

Phosphorus trifluoride
Phosphorus trifluoride (formula PF3), is a colorless and odorless gas.  It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water.  Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes. As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls, and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide.
Republic Stamping and Enameling
Republic Stamping and Enameling was an enamelware manufacturing company in Canton, Ohio. It operated from 1907 until 1952 when Ecko Products of Chicago purchased it. The company was founded by a group of investors led by Henry C. Milligan (1853–1940), an inventor who held several patents for improvements in enamelware manufacturing.

Industrial porcelain enamel
Industrial porcelain enamel (also known as glass lining, glass-lined steel, or glass fused to steel) is the use of porcelain enamel (also known as vitreous enamel) for industrial, rather than artistic, applications. Porcelain enamel, a thin layer of ceramic or glass applied to a substrate of metal, is used to protect surfaces from chemical attack and physical damage, modify the structural characteristics of the substrate, and improve the appearance of the product.

Enamel has been used for art and decoration since the period of Ancient Egypt, and for industry since the Industrial Revolution. It is most commonly used in the production of cookware, home appliances, bathroom fixtures, water heaters, and scientific laboratory equipment.
Colchicum zahnii
Colchicum zahnii is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. It is native to southern Greece. It blooms in mid-autumn from rhizomatous corms. The flowers can be variable coloured, being a pale purple-pink to white and are often held wide open.  The leaves are produced at flowering time and usually number 2 to 3. This species is similar to Colchicum boissieri in that the corms grow into large patches, rather than tight clumps like Colchicum speciosum or Colchicum autumnale.

Colchicum speciosum
Colchicum speciosum is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae, native to mountainous areas of northern Turkey, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Growing to 18 cm (7 in) tall by 10 cm (4 in) wide, it is an herbaceous perennial growing from corms. C. speciosum blooms in the fall, producing reddish/violet flowers on stems up to 30 centimetres (12 in) tall without any leaves present. The strap-like leaves grow in the spring, then yellow, wither and die back as summer progresses. The flowers strongly resemble those of the crocus, the familiar spring-flowering bulb; hence the common name autumn crocus which is applied to this and other colchicum species. However the two genera belong to different families; and there is in fact an autumn-flowering crocus species, Crocus sativus, the source of the spice saffron. By contrast, all parts of Colchicum speciosum are toxic if ingested.
Enginemans Resthouse
Enginemans Resthouse is a heritage-listed former railway workers' cottage, now private residence, at 39 Brandling Street, Alexandria, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1902 to 1903. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Eveleigh Railway Workshops
The Eveleigh Railway Workshops a heritage-listed former railway workshop and yard for the New South Wales Government Railways, located in Redfern in Sydney's Inner West. It was designed by George Cowdery and built from 1882 to 1897 by George Fishburn. The workshops are considered to have world heritage significance by curators of the Smithsonian Institution. They were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Part of a larger complex that has been subject to some redevelopment, the workshops are also known as Eveleigh Railway Yards, South Eveleigh Precinct;  North Eveleigh; Macdonaldtown Gasworks and the Macdonaldtown Triangle. The site is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity, and includes an events and cultural precinct known as Carriageworks.
Advanced Digital Recording
Advanced Digital Recording (ADR) is a magnetic tape data storage format developed by OnStream from 1998 to 2003.  Since the demise of OnStream, the format has been orphaned.  ADR is an 8-track, linear tape format.

Magnetic-tape data storage
Magnetic-tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Commercial magnetic tape products used for data storage were first released in the 1950s and have continued to be developed and released to the present day.

Tape was an important medium for primary data storage in early computers, typically using large open reels of 7-track, later 9-track tape. Modern magnetic tape is most commonly packaged in cartridges and cassettes, such as the widely supported Linear Tape-Open (LTO) and IBM 3592 series. The device that performs the writing or reading of data is called a tape drive. Autoloaders and tape libraries are often used to automate cartridge handling and exchange. Compatibility was important to enable transferring data.

Tape data storage is now used more for system backup, data archive and data exchange. The low cost of tape has kept it viable for long-term storage and archive.
Żupny Castle
Żupny Castle is a Gothic castle, the former headquarters of the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mine. The castle is located in the former mine complex and was designated as part of the Wieliczka and Bochnia UNESCO World Heritage Site, since an expansion in 2013. The castle is located in Wieliczka, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in Poland.

Bochnia Salt Mine
The Bochnia Salt Mine (Polish: Kopalnia soli Bochnia) in Bochnia, Poland, is one of the oldest salt mines in the world and is the oldest commercial company in Poland. The Bochnia salt mine was established in 1248 after salt had been discovered there in the 12th and 13th centuries and became part of the royal mining company, Żupy krakowskie (Kraków Salt Works). In 1990, the mine ceased producing salt but remained a tourist attraction. The mine is on the UNESCO list.

In 1981 the Bochnia salt mine was declared a heritage monument. It is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated on 6 October 2000 and is overseen by the National Heritage Board of Poland. The chapel in the mine has train tracks running through it.
The Good The Bad
The Good The Bad are an instrumental Danish Surf rock trio formed in Copenhagen, consisting of Adam Olsson (born 1982, Copenhagen, Denmark, formerly of Baby Woodrose and The Setting Son) on lead guitar, Johan Lei Gellett (born 1973, Copenhagen, Denmark, formerly of Baby Woodrose, Kira, and The Kindred Spirits) on drums, and Manoj Ramdas (born 1975, Sonderborg, Denmark, formerly of The Raveonettes and SPEkTR) on baritone guitar.

The Raveonettes
The Raveonettes are a Danish indie rock duo, consisting of Sune Rose Wagner on guitar, instruments and vocals, and Sharin Foo on bass, guitar and vocals. Their music is characterized by close two-part vocal harmonies inspired by The Everly Brothers coupled with hard-edged electric guitar overlaid with liberal doses of noise. Their songs juxtapose the structural and chordal simplicity of 1950s and 1960s rock with intense electric instrumentation, driving beats, and often dark lyrical content (e.g., crime, drugs, murder, suicide, love, lust, and betrayal), drawing from another of the band's influences, The Velvet Underground.
Heydarabad, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Heydarabad (Persian: حيدراباد, also Romanized as Ḩeydarābād; also known as Mashgarān and Mashkarān) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 13 families.

Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District
Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان طيبي سرحدئ غربي) is in Charusa District of Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, in southwestern Iran. It is administered from the city of Qaleh Raisi.
24626 Astrowizard
24626 Astrowizard (provisional designation 1980 TS3) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1980, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named for American science educator David Rodrigues, who would perform at public events as "The Astro Wizard".

Eugene Merle Shoemaker
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997) was an American geologist. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn S. Shoemaker and David H. Levy. This comet hit Jupiter in July 1994: the impact was televised around the world. Shoemaker also studied terrestrial craters, such as Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona, and along with Edward Chao provided the first conclusive evidence of its origin as an impact crater. He was also the first director of the United States Geological Survey's Astrogeology Research Program.

He was killed in a car accident while visiting an impact crater site in Australia. After his death, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.
Sprayer
A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid, where sprayers are commonly used for projection of water, weed killers, crop performance materials, pest maintenance chemicals, as well as manufacturing and production line ingredients. In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units similar to tractors with boom mounts of 4–30 feet (1.2–9.1 m) up to 60–151 feet (18–46 m) in length depending on engineering design for tractor and land size.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Nubian wild ass
The Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus) is the nominate subspecies of African wild ass, and one of the ancestors of the domestic donkey, which was domesticated about 6,000 years ago. It is presumed to be extinct, though two populations potentially survive on the Caribbean island of Bonaire and in Gebel Elba.

Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus.: 1  It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,: 2 : 3715  and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.

There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries.

An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny.
Jantedhunga Rural Municipality
Jantedhunga (Nepali: जन्तेढुङ्गा गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of eight rural municipality located in Khotang District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 10 municipalities in Khotang in which 2 are urban and 8 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Jantedhunga has an area of 128.62 square kilometres (49.66 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 15444 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Kaule, Chisapani, Damarkhu Shivalaya, Diplung, Devisthan, Khotang and Wopung which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Chisapani.

Devisthan, Khotang
Devisthan is a town and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,777 persons living in 317 individual households.
Tamar Beruchashvili
Tamar Beruchashvili (Georgian: თამარ ბერუჩაშვილი; born 9 April 1961) is a Georgian diplomat and politician who served as the Georgian Ambassador to the United Kingdom between 2016 and 2020, and previously was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position she held from 11 November 2014 until 1 September 2015. She had previously served as Minister of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations from 1998 until 2000 and Minister of Euro-Atlantic Integration in 2004. She also worked as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2003 and again from 2013 until her appointment as minister in 2014. Beruchashvili also worked as a professor at Tbilisi State University from 2000 until 2010. She was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs on 11 November 2014, and held that post until 1 September 2015, when she was replaced by Giorgi Kvirikashvili. Beruchashvili was later appointed the new Georgian Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2020.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს საგარეო საქმეთა სამინისტრო, romanized: sakartvelos sagareo sakmeta saminist'ro) is a governmental body of Georgia responsible for protecting and promoting Georgia's interest and its persons and entities abroad. The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Georgia as a member of cabinet. The position is currently held by Maka Bochorishvili, in office since 25 November 2024.
The Tempest (Sullivan)
The Tempest incidental music, Op. 1, is a set of movements for Shakespeare's play composed by Arthur Sullivan in 1861 and expanded in 1862.  This was Sullivan's first major composition, and its success quickly brought him to the attention of the musical establishment in England.

Arthur Jacobs
Arthur David Jacobs (14 June 1922 – 13 December 1996) was an English musicologist, music critic, teacher, librettist and translator. Among his many books, two of the best known are his Penguin Dictionary of Music, which was reprinted in several editions between 1958 and 1996, and his biography of Arthur Sullivan, which was praised by critics in Britain and America. He was a music critic at newspapers from 1947 to 1975, an editor at Opera magazine from 1961 to 1971, and served on Opera's editorial board from 1971 until his death. He was also a frequent contributor to The Musical Times for five decades. Jacobs taught at the Royal Academy of Music, at Huddersfield Polytechnic, and at universities in the US, Canada, and Australia from 1964 to 1985 and translated more than 20 operas into English.
HKS (colour system)
The HKS is a colour system which contains 120 spot colours and 3520 tones for coated and uncoated paper. HKS is an abbreviation of three German colour manufacturers: Hostmann-Steinberg Druckfarben, Kast + Ehinger Druckfarben, and H. Schmincke & Co. The association of those three companies have defined the colours of the HKS system since 1968.

HKS colours, similar to Pantone colours, can be used in any kind of print publication to produce predictable colours. As in the Pantone colour system, there are HKS colours that cannot be reproduced using the CMYK color model color space, like bright orange or certain tones of blue.

The HKS colour system is based on the euroscale colourspace.  It follows the guidelines of ISO 12647:2 2002 and the FOGRA Standards (such as Fogra27L). This means HKS colours are available on all paper types of the 12647 standard.  This makes it easier to print the colours in offset and common digital printing technologies.

CMYK color model
The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model used in color printing as well as describing the printing process. The abbreviation CMYK refers to the four color components used in printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (the key plate).

In subtractive models, inks reduce the amount of light reflected from a white or light background. White is the color of the substrate, and black results from the combination of inks. This contrasts with additive color models (e.g., RGB color model), where colors are produced by emitting light, white results from combining all primary colors, and black represents the absence of light. The addition of black ink reduces ink consumption and produces more consistent dark tones compared to using cyan, magenta, and yellow alone.

The CMYK printing process was first implemented in the 1890s for color newspaper illustrations and comic strips.
Thomas Sergeant
Thomas Sergeant (January 14, 1782 – May 8, 1860) was an American politician and judge. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1812 to 1814, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1819, Pennsylvania Attorney General from 1819 to 1820, and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1834 to 1846.

Pennsylvania Attorney General
The Pennsylvania attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It became an elected office in 1980. The current attorney general is Republican Dave Sunday.

On August 15, 2016, then-attorney general Kathleen Kane was convicted of criminal charges, including conspiracy, perjury, and obstruction of justice, and announced her resignation the following day, effective August 17. Consequently, as the solicitor general, Bruce Castor assumed the office as acting attorney general. Governor Tom Wolf nominated Bruce Beemer to serve out the remaining balance of Kane's term, which expired in January 2017. Democrat Josh Shapiro succeeded Beemer. Shapiro was elected governor in 2022, and appointed Michelle Henry as his successor in 2023. The Pennsylvania Senate confirmed Henry in her own right later that year.
Vincent Gagnier
Vincent Gagnier (born July 21, 1993) is a Canadian professional freestyle skier. He won a gold medal at the Winter X Games XIX in January 2015, winning the Big Air competition ahead of Bobby Brown and Elias Ambühl.

Bobby Brown (freestyle skier)
Bobby Brown (born June 5, 1991) is an American freeskier specializing in slopestyle and big air competitions.

Brown was the first to execute multiple variations of a triple flip or triple cork at a training session in Squaw Valley, California.  He gained notoriety after winning both the SlopeStyle and Big Air events at Winter X Games XIV, registering a perfect score of 100 in the latter.  Brown was the first person to have landed a Switch Double Misty 1440. He was one of the first skiers ever to have landed a Triple Cork 1440.

Bobby is known for his tricks in the air, He has successfully landed many triple corks. Brown had a web show called "Bobby's Life", which features his life, friends, and skiing.  In addition, Brown was the first skier to win two gold medals in the same Winter X Games.

Bobby Brown is a Red Bull Athlete. He is currently managed by Superheroes Management.
Jazz Africa
Jazz Africa is a live album by keyboardist Herbie Hancock and Gambian kora player Foday Musa Suso. The recording took place in Los Angeles, California's Wiltern Theatre as part of the 1986 concert series Jazzvisions.  The performance was also released on videotape and laserdisc with additional concert performances.

Pellissier Building and Wiltern Theatre
The Pellissier Building and adjoining Wiltern Theatre is a 12-story, 155-foot (47 m) Art Deco landmark at the corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Western Avenue in Los Angeles, California. The entire complex is commonly referred to as the Wiltern Center. Clad in a blue-green glazed architectural terra-cotta tile and situated diagonal to the street corner, the complex is considered one of the finest examples of Art Deco architecture in the United States. The Wiltern building is owned privately, and the Wiltern Theatre is operated by Live Nation's Los Angeles division.