hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Richardson (police officer)
Frank Richardson KPM (1851–1938) was an English policeman. He joined the Birmingham City Police in 1873 as a constable third class. Within one year he was promoted to constable second class and one year later to constable first class. In 1878 he was promoted to sergeant within the same force, and in 1882 he applied to be chief constable of Hereford, Herefordshire and was successful. He remained in this post, receiving the King's Police Coronation Medal in 1912 and being decorated at Buckingham Palace in 1917. He was at that time the "Most Senior Chief Constable of England" He had married in 1870 and had nine children of which seven were sons with only one not joining the police service. In total he and his family provided 176 years service to the constabularies of England and South Africa. Between 1903 and 1920 there were three Chief Constable Richardsons in office. He was also the chief fire brigade officer of Hereford, adding many innovations to the fire service.

Birmingham City Police
Birmingham City Police was the police service  responsible for general policing in the city of Birmingham from 1839 to 1974. The force was established by a special Act of Parliament in 1839, and was amalgamated as of 1 April 1974 with the West Midlands Constabulary and parts of other forces to form the West Midlands Police by the Local Government Act 1972.
Enda McGowan
Kieran Enda McGowan (1946 – 15 June 2022) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played at club level with Ballyhaise and at senior inter-county level with the Cavan county team. He usually lined out as a wing-back.

Cavan Intermediate Football Championship
The Cavan Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition organised by Cavan GAA. It is played between the fourteen intermediate-graded clubs in County Cavan. It was first competed for in 1915, before a lapse prior to being revived in 1966. The winners are awarded the Tommy Gilroy Cup and go on to represent Cavan in the Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship. The winners are also promoted to the Cavan Senior Football Championship for the following year.

Five different clubs—Arva, Ballinagh, Cuchulainns, Lacken, and Templeport—have won the competition four times. Cuchulainns are the current champions after beating Butlersbridge in the 2025 final.
Neutron research facility
A neutron research facility is most commonly a big laboratory operating a large-scale neutron source that provides thermal neutrons to a suite of research instruments. The neutron source usually is a research reactor or a spallation source. In some cases, a smaller facility will provide high energy neutrons (e.g. 2.5 MeV or 14 MeV fusion neutrons) using existing neutron generator technologies.

Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy, HZB) is part of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. The institute studies the structure and dynamics of materials and investigates solar cell technology. It also runs the third-generation BESSY II synchrotron in Adlershof. Until the end of 2019 it ran the 10 megawatt BER II nuclear research reactor at the Lise Meitner  campus in Wannsee.
1984 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1984 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 89th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Sixmilebridge entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 September 1984 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Sixmilebridge and Éire Óg, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Sixmilebridge won the match by 3–07 to 1–12 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a second consecutive championship title.

1983 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1983 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 88th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Éire Óg entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, a replay, was played on 30 October 1983 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Sixmilebridge and Éire Óg, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Sixmilebridge won the match by 1–10 to 1–07 to claim their third championship title overall and a first championship title in four years.
Alltddu Halt railway station
Alltddu Halt railway station served the hamlet of Allt-ddu, located between Lampeter and Aberystwyth on the Carmarthen Aberystwyth Line in the Welsh county of Ceredigion. The Ystwyth Trail, a multi-use rail trail, now passes the site on the trackbed of the former railway.

Aberystwyth railway station
Aberystwyth railway station is located in the town of Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales; it is served by passenger trains operated by Transport for Wales. It is the terminus of both the Cambrian Line (sited 81+1⁄2 miles (131.2 km) west of Shrewsbury) and of the narrow-gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway.
Reid Duke (ice hockey)
Reid Duke (born January 28, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who is currently playing for Florida Everblades of the ECHL.

He most recently played for the Henderson Silver Knights in the American Hockey League (AHL). Reid was the first player to sign a contract with the expansion Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 2017.

Florida Everblades
The Florida Everblades are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Estero, Florida, in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers metropolitan area. They play in the ECHL and are affiliated with the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League (AHL) since the 2024–25 ECHL season. Their home games are played at Hertz Arena.

The Everblades were founded in 1998. They play in the South Division of the Eastern Conference in the ECHL. They have failed to qualify for the playoffs just once in team history (2013–14) and have made seven appearances in the Kelly Cup finals, winning in 2012, 2022, 2023, and 2024; the latter three appearances constituted the first three-peat in ECHL history.
NGC 4318
NGC 4318 is a small lenticular galaxy located about 72 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828. NGC 4318 is a member of the Virgo W′ group, a group of galaxies in the background of the Virgo Cluster that is centered on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4365.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Variation ratio
The variation ratio is a simple measure of statistical dispersion in nominal distributions; it is the simplest measure of qualitative variation.

It is defined as the proportion of cases which are not in the mode category:

where fm is the frequency (number of cases) of the mode, and N is the total number of cases.  While a simple measure, it is notable in that some texts and guides suggest or imply that the dispersion of nominal measurements cannot be ascertained. It is defined for instance by (Freeman 1965).

Just as with the range or standard deviation, the larger the variation ratio, the more differentiated or dispersed the data are; and the smaller the variation ratio, the more concentrated and similar the data are.

Range (statistics)
In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is the size or width of the narrowest interval which contains all the data.
It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as  the sample maximum and minimum). 
It is expressed in the same units as the data.

The range provides an indication of statistical dispersion. Robust measures of range include the interdecile range and the interquartile range.
Paul Hogan
Paul Hogan AM (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian actor and comedian. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance as outback adventurer Michael "Crocodile" Dundee in Crocodile Dundee (1986), the first in the Crocodile Dundee film series.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy is a Golden Globe Award first presented by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a musical or comedy film. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actor in a Motion Picture", but the creation of the category in 1951 allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor – Drama.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2006, it was officially called: "Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy". As of 2013, the wording is "Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy".
Masmughans of Damavand
The Masmughans of Damavand (Middle Persian: Masmughan-i Dumbawand, New Persian: مس مغان دماوند, meaning Great Magians of Damavand) were a local dynasty, which ruled Damavand and its surrounding areas from ca. 651 to 760. The founder of the dynasty was a Karenid named Mardanshah of Damavand.

Masmughan
Masmughan ("Chief Magian" or "Great one of the Magians") was a Sasanian title that existed in the 7th century, probably equivalent to governor of a district or a region.

The collapse of the Sasanian Empire resulted in the rise of several independent dynasties in Tabaristan. A certain Karenid named Mardanshah, carried the title of Masmughan and held control over Damavand and Larijan including its surrounding areas. His successors would control the area until in 760 when the region was conquered by the Arabs.

Another Karenid named Valash appears to bear the title of Masmughan, who served as Marzban of Miyano-du-rud, near Sari between the Kalarud river limited to the east with Karatughan. Valash was later murdered in revenge by Sukhrab I, the ispahbadh of the Bavand dynasty.
Sukhdeep Sangwan
Lieutenant General Sukhdeep Sangwan, PVSM , AVSM, SM Medal Bar is a former General Officer of the Indian Army. He last served as the 20th Director General of the Assam Rifles. He was appointed to the position on 14 May 2018. He supernuated on 31 May 2021.
Post retirement the officer has been engaged as a Visiting Professor in some of the IIMs & Prestigious Mangement Instituions besides being a TedX  and Guest Speaker at premier Establishments and Seminars.

Director General of the Assam Rifles
The Director General of the Assam Rifles (DGAR) is the head of the Assam Rifles. The DGAR has their office in the Headquarters DGAR at Shillong. Appointed by the Government of India, the DGAR reports to the Minister of Home Affairs. The Director General is an Indian Army Officer of the rank of Lieutenant General and is assisted by three Inspector Generals, each holding the rank of Major General, and other senior officers heading various staff appointments. The Additional Director General of the Assam Rifles who is a Major General - ranked officer serves as the Second-in-command to the Director General. The current Director General, Lieutenant General Vikas Lakhera is the 22nd DGAR.
Sapotskin
Sapotskin or Sopotskin is an urban-type settlement in Grodno District, Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It is located near the border with Poland and 27 km (16.8 mi) northwest from Grodno. As of 2025, it has a population of 901.

Sapotskin became one of the centers of the Polish minority in Belarus. It is the only town in Belarus where the Polish population, consisting of the majority, is allowed to use bilingual street signs.

Grodno district
Grodno district or Hrodna district (Belarusian: Гродзенскі раён; Russian: Гродненский район) is a district (raion) of Grodno region in Belarus. The administrative center is Grodno, which is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, it has a population of 48,494.
Irkliiv Regiment
The Irkliiv Regiment (Ukrainian: Іркліївський полк, romanized: Irkliivskyi polk) was one the territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Cossack Hetmanate. The regiment's capital was the city of Irkliiv, now a village in Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine.

In 1648, during Khmelnytsky Uprising, Regiment was raised from the Irkliiv sotnia of the Pereiaslav Regiment. Colonel Mykhailo Teliuchenko became the first commander. On 16 October 1649 Irkliiv and neighboring part of Lubny Regiment were merged to form Kropyvna Regiment. Other sotnias were absorbed into Chyhyryn Regiment and Cherkasy Regiment.

Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky disbanded Kropyvna Regiment in 1658 after death of colonel Filon Dzhelaliy. The regiments sotnias were all transferred to recreated Irkliiv Regiment and Lubny Regiment. Matvii Pankevych became the new regiments colonel. When the regiment was disbanded again in 1663, its sotnias went to neighbouring Pereiaslav Regiment, Pryluky Regiment and Lubny Regiment.

Pryluky Regiment
The Pryluky Regiment was one of the seventeen territorial-administrative subdivisions of the Hetman State. The regiment's capital was the city of Pryluky, now in the Chernihiv Oblast, north-central Ukraine.
NGC 2277
NGC 2277 is what appears to be an open cluster in the constellation Gemini. It was first observed on 20 April 1865 by the German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest. However, it is simply an asterism formed by several stars in the sky appearing close together.

Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere.  It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♊︎).
1979 Pizza Hut All-Star Basketball Classic
The 1979 Pizza Hut Basketball All-Star Classic (also known as College East-West All-American Game) was the 8th All-Star Game sponsored by Pizza Hut and sanctioned by the NCAA and NAIA. It was held at the  Las Vegas Convention Center in Las Vegas on March 31, 1979. The West All-Stars were defeated by the East All-Stars 92–107.

The Pizza Hut Basketball All-Star Classic started as a postseason event in 1972. The 1979 edition was the only college All-Star Game that future Hall of Famers Larry Bird and Nick Galis played in. It was televised by CBS.

Larry Bird was named the MVP.

Pizza Hut All-Star Basketball Classic
The Pizza Hut All-Star Basketball Classic was an annual American all-star game featuring senior men's college basketball players in the United States. The event was  sanctioned by the NCAA and NAIA. It was one of the country's longest-running college all-star basketball games starting in 1972 it was sponsored by Pizza Hut.

The All-Star Classic drew star players such as Larry Bird, Rolando Blackman, Kevin McHale, Vinnie Johnson, Bo Ellis, Nick Galis, and Ricky Pierce, while some legendary coaches like Larry Brown, Al McGuire, Joe B. Hall, and Ralph Miller, coached the All-Stars. The event lasted for a decade.
Deestone
Deestone (Thai: ดีสโตน) is a Thai multinational tire manufacturer based in Om Noi, Samut Sakhon in central Thailand. It is the country’s largest Thai-owned tyre production facility.  The company has five plants as well as subsidiaries in Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom. In 2015, Deestone had a total investment around 10 billion baht with a production capacity of more than 10 million units/year. Deestone has 10,000 employees and 600 dealers throughout Thailand, and exports to for more than 120 countries worldwide. The company also makes motorcycle, truck, bicycle,  and agricultural tyres.

Samut Sakhon province
Samut Sakhon (Thai: สมุทรสาคร, pronounced [sā.mùt sǎː.kʰɔ̄ːn]) is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand, located along the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In 2024, it had a population of 590,867, and an area of 866 km2 (334 sq mi), making it the 43rd most populated province whilst being the 4th smallest.
Nieuw-Haamstede
Nieuw-Haamstede  is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, and lies about 25 km north of Middelburg.

It was built before 1940 as a holiday neighbourhood in the dunes belonging to Haamstede. The lighthouse Westerlichttoren was built between 1837 and 1840 and is 50 metres (160 ft) tall.

Middelburg, Zeeland
Middelburg (Dutch: [ˈmɪdəlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren, Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland), it has a population of about 48,000.

In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at the early modern period. The town was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. The invention of the microscope and telescope is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lipperhey) in the late 16th century and early 17th century.
Stefan's equation
In glaciology and civil engineering, Stefan's equation (or Stefan's formula) describes the dependence of ice-cover thickness on the temperature history. It says in particular that the expected ice accretion is proportional to the square root of the number of degree days below freezing. It is named for Slovenian physicist Josef Stefan.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Hohe Börde
Hohe Börde (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːə ˈbœʁdə], lit. 'High Börde') is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Ackendorf, Bebertal, Eichenbarleben, Groß Santersleben, Hermsdorf, Hohenwarsleben, Irxleben, Niederndodeleben, Nordgermersleben, Ochtmersleben, Schackensleben and Wellen. On 1 September 2010 it absorbed Bornstedt and Rottmersleben. These 14 former municipalities are now Ortschaften or municipal divisions of Hohe Börde.

Börde (district)
Börde (German: Landkreis Börde) is a district in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Its seat is the town Haldensleben. It takes its name from the natural region Magdeburg Börde. It is the site of the Morsleben radioactive waste repository. The disposal of waste into the facility ended in 1998.
Southern redbelly dace
The southern redbelly dace (Chrosomus erythrogaster) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs and related fishes. The natural geographic range extends from Western New York to Minnesota, and south to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Alabama.  This fish prefers flowing pools of creeks and streams.

The extremely similar northern redbelly dace can be distinguished by a rounder, blunter head and a more upturned mouth, as well as by differences in spawning behavior. Also, male southern redbelly dace show a characteristic red belly in spring while their northern counterparts keep a white belly.

Northern redbelly dace
The northern redbelly dace (Chrosomus eos) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs and related fishes. These fishes are generally found in lakes and small streams in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Ranging from 1–3 inches, it is one of forty-four species from the minnow and carp family of Cyprinidae in these areas.
2008 Nordea Nordic Light Open
The 2008 Nordea Nordic Light Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the Nordea Nordic Light Open, and was part of the Tier IV Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. It took place in Stockholm, Sweden, from 28 July until 3 August 2008. Fourth-seeded Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title and earned $22,925 first-prize money.

Nordic Light Open
The Nordic Light Open (sponsored by Nordea) was a women's tennis tournament held in Stockholm, Sweden (in 2002 and 2003 the tournament was played in Espoo, Finland on clay courts). Held from 2002 to 2008, this WTA Tour event was a Tier IV-tournament and was played on outdoor hardcourts.

As from 2009, the Nordic Light Open was replaced by the women's Swedish Open, at Båstad.
FK Dukla Banská Bystrica
MFK Dukla Banská Bystrica (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdukla ˈbanskaː ˈbistritsa]) is a Slovak professional football club from the town of Banská Bystrica. The club plays at the SNP Stadium. After being relegated from the Slovak 2. liga in 2017, they had financial problems.

Slovak First Football League
The Slovak First Football League (Slovak: 1. slovenská futbalová liga), officially known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Slovakia and the highest level of the Slovak football league system. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is fifteen, held by Slovan Bratislava, who are the current title holders.
Idiji Ridge
Idiji Ridge is a mountain ridge extending east of Tencho Glacier on the southern flank of Mount Edziza in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is bounded on the south by a valley containing an unnamed creek, on the east by Tennaya Creek valley and on the north by cirques extending east of Ice Peak. Idiji Ridge takes its name from the adjacent Idiji Glacier; Idiji means "it thunders" in the Tahltan language.

The highest point of Idiji Ridge reaches an elevation of 2,359 metres (7,740 feet) at its westernmost end. Idiji Ridge is one of three ridges east of the Big Raven Plateau named by Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther, the other two being Cartoona Ridge and Sorcery Ridge to the south.

Tencho Glacier
Tencho Glacier is a mountain glacier in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is located inside Mount Edziza Provincial Park on the Tahltan Highland, an upland area of the Stikine Plateau. Tencho Glacier is the source of several small streams that flow from the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.