hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Post-transcriptional regulation
Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level.The information in DNA is converted in to mRNA  and this newly synthesized mRNA undergo a series of modifications before the information in mRNA is converted in to functional protein, this phenomenon is known as Post-transcriptional regulation. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene's promoter and is synthesizing the RNA sequence by the process known as transcription and, therefore it is named as post transcriptional regulation. Post-transcriptional regulation significantly affects transcript level, function, structure and expression of final proteins.

Importance

These controls are critical for the regulation of many genes across human tissues. It also plays a big role in cell physiology, being implicated in pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. It is split across two articles:

This page, Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L), lists terms beginning with numbers and with the letters A through L.

Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z) lists terms beginning with the letters M through Z.

This glossary is intended as introductory material for novices (for more specific and technical detail, see the article corresponding to each term). It has been designed as a companion to Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology, which contains many overlapping and related terms; other related glossaries include Glossary of virology and Glossary of chemistry.
Albury Racecourse railway station
Albury Racecourse railway station was a railway station on the Main Southern line, serving the racecourse in Albury, New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1881 and closed in 1962, and was one of the few racecourse railway stations included in public timetables and maps. The station consisted of a single platform, and little remains of it today.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
2013 Stockholm Ladies Cup
The 2013 Stockholm Ladies Cup was held from September 20 to 22 at the Danderyd Curling Arena in Stockholm, Sweden as part of the 2013–14 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a triple-knockout format, and the purse for the event was 200,000 SEK, of which the winner, Silvana Tirinzoni, received 70,000 SEK. Tirinzoni defeated Michèle Jäggi in the final with a score of 3–2.

Stockholm Ladies Curling Cup
The Stockholm Ladies Cup, or the Stockholm Ladies Curling Cup is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the Danderyd Curling Arena in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament is held in a round robin with straight playoff format. This change was made in 2014 from a triple-knockout format. The tournament was started in 2005 and became a Curling Champions Tour event, now part of the World Curling Tour.
1972 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1972 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Winter Park, Colorado at the nineteenth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Host Colorado, coached by alumnus Bill Marolt, captured their third national championship (and first since 1960), finishing 5.2 points ahead of three-time defending champion Denver in the team standings.

Colorado's Mike Porcarelli reclaimed the slalom and alpine titles he won two years earlier; the repeat champions were Otto Tschudi of Denver in downhill and Bruce Cunningham of New Hampshire in Nordic combined. Denver's Odd Hammernes won his second jumping title, three years after the first.

In the downhill race, Utah sophomore David Novelle was killed after he lost a ski, went off the course, and collided with a tree. As a result, the Utah team withdrew from the competition.

NCAA skiing championships
The NCAA Skiing Championships are held annually to crown the National Collegiate Athletic Association combined men's and women's team skiing champion. Before 1983, the championship was only for men's skiing. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one National Collegiate championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together.

The University of Denver has won a record 24 team titles, including ten since 2000. The University of Colorado is second with 20 titles (plus one AIAW title), and the University of Utah is third with 16  (plus one AIAW title).

Denver won the first NCAA championship in 1954 at Reno with 384 points, 34.4 points ahead of runner-up Seattle University. The scoring system has been modified over the years; in 2012, Vermont scored a record 832 points, with a record margin of 161 points over second-place Utah.

The 2020 edition started on schedule, but was canceled in progress due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abel Ward
Abel Ward was  Archdeacon of Chester from his installation on 20 April 1751 until his death on 1 October 1785.

Ward was born in Staffordshire. He was admitted Sizar at Queens' College, Cambridge on 12 October 1736. He was a Fellow of his college until 1744 when he was incorporated at Oxford. He was Rector of St Ann's Church, Manchester from 1745 until 1758; and then of St Mary's Church, Dodleston until his death on 9 October 1785.

Archdeacon of Chester
The Archdeacon of Chester is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the diocese of Chester. The area in which they have statutory duties is the Archdeaconry of Chester. Those duties include some pastoral care and disciplinary supervision of the clergy in the area.

The archdeaconry was created before 1135 in (what was in 1222) the Diocese of Coventry (that diocese was called Coventry and Lichfield from 1228 and then Lichfield and Coventry from 1539); it formed part of the Diocese of Chester upon her creation in 1541 and remains so today.
Michigan State–Penn State football rivalry
The Battle for the Land Grant is an American college football rivalry between the Michigan State Spartans and Penn State Nittany Lions. The Land Grant Trophy is presented to the winner of the game. Penn State leads 19–10 since joining the Big Ten. Penn State leads the series 20–18–1, with Penn State winning the most recent matchup in 2025.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Villy Custom
Villy Custom is an American lifestyle brand specializing in a luxury custom fashion designed cruiser bicycles for adults. Based in Dallas, the company was founded and is privately owned by entrepreneur Fleetwood Hicks, a former menswear fashion designer, and health enthusiast, and it was chosen by Entrepreneur Magazine as one of the 100 Most Brilliant Business Ideas of 2010. The company also 
aired in season 3 of ABC's show Shark Tank according to WFAA

Shark Tank
Shark Tank is an American business reality television series that premiered on August 9, 2009, on ABC. The show is the American franchise of the international format Dragons' Den, a British television series, which itself is a remake of the Japanese television show The Tigers of Money. It shows entrepreneurs making business presentations to a panel of five angel investors (providers of venture capital to early stage start-ups) called "Sharks" on the program, who decide whether to invest in their companies.

The series has been a ratings success in its time slot, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Structured Reality Program five times (2014–2017 and 2024).
FC Rudersdal
FC Rudersdal (Danish pronunciation: [ʁuðɒsˈtɛːl]), is an association football club based in the municipality of Rudersdal, Denmark, that competes in the Zealand Series, the sixth tier of the Danish football league system. Founded in 2020 as a merger between BSV af 2016 and Rudersdal Boldklub, it is affiliated to DBU Zealand. The team plays its home matches at Rundforbi Idrætsanlæg and Vedbæk Stadium.

Organised football in the municipality had long been fragmented, with a number of clubs competing for members in a small region. Most notably, BK Søllerød-Vedbæk (BSV), stood out, reaching the Danish 2nd Division, the third tier of the Danish football league system. This club had been formed in 2002 as a merger between Søllerød Boldklub and Vedbæk Boldklub, but filed for bankruptcy in 2016. At its peak, former Danish international and player for Milan, Martin Laursen, coached the first team.

Rudersdal Municipality
Rudersdal Municipality (Danish: Rudersdal Kommune) is a part suburban, part rural municipality (Danish, kommune) located on the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 73 km2 and has a population of 57,342 (1 January 2025). The distance from Copenhagen City Hall Square is approximately 20 km. The western part of the municipality is served by the Hillerød radial of the S-train network while the eastern part is served by the Coast Line. Administratively Rudersdal Municipality belongs to Region Hovedstaden.

On 1 January 2007 Rudersdal municipality was created as the result of 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, consisting of the former municipalities of Søllerød and Birkerød.

Its mayor as of 2022 is Ann Sofie Orth. She is a member of the Conservative Party political party. Rudersdal Town Hall (formerly Søllerød Town Hall), completed in 1942, was designed by Arne Jacobsen and Flemming Lassen.
Al-Hassan camp
The  Al-Hassan camp  (sometimes 'Prince Hassan Camp') is a Palestinian refugee camp located some 5 Km from the center of Amman, the capital of Jordan. Administratively it lies in the Amman (Capital) Governorate.

It was established in 1967, and a 2021 population estimate indicated that 9,408 people lived there, although a previous estimate (in 2018) had set the number at 14,068.

Palestinian refugee camps are distributed in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan across six governorates, amongst which the Capital governorate and Madaba governorate include Al-Wehdat refugee camp, Jabal el-Hussein camp, Prince Hassan, Talbieh Camp and Madaba camp.

Visitors have expressed misgivings about the camp.

Jabal el-Hussein camp
Jabal el-Hussein camp (Arabic: مخيم الحسين) is one of the 10 officially recognized UNRWA Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan. It is located outside of the Abdali area district of Amman.

It is one of the first four camps in Jordan founded to accommodate refugees from the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, the others being Irbid camp, Al-Wehdat refugee camp and Zarqa Camp.
Dave Tough (music producer)
Dave Tough (born Springfield, Missouri) is an American multi-instrumentalist, producer, engineer, songwriter and music industry educator. He is also a member of the band Xavier & Ophelia who released their debut album X&O in 2011. Tough released two solo albums, one in 1999 and one in 2005, and he won the grand prize in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest twice, in 2009 in the country category, and in 2013 in the electronica category. He has also written and produced songs for shows including Hart of Dixie, Nashville, Hemlock Grove, and the Seth Rogen film Observe and Report. Tough has won two GMA Covenant Awards (the Canadian equivalent of the Dove Awards) for his work producing, engineering, and writing songs with instrumental guitarist Sean Spicer.

The Recording Academy
National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. (NARAS), doing business as the Recording Academy, is an American learned academy of musicians, producers, recording engineers, and other musical professionals. It is widely known for its Grammy Awards, which recognize achievements in the music industry of songs and music that are popular worldwide. The Recording Academy is a founding partner of the Grammy Museum, a non-profit organization whose stated mission is preserving and educating about music history and significance. The Recording Academy also founded MusiCares, a charity with the stated goal of impacting the health and welfare of the music community. The Recording Academy's advocacy team lobbies for music creators' rights at the local, state, and federal levels.
Denver Colorado Temple
The Denver Colorado Temple is the 40th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in Centennial, Colorado. The intent to build the temple was announced in a news conference on March 31, 1982, by Gordon B. Hinckley, then a counselor in the church’s First Presidency, representing church president Spencer W. Kimball. The temple was the first constructed in Colorado.

The temple features a single spire, approximately 90 feet high, with a gold-leafed statue of the angel Moroni. Designed by the church’s architectural department, with Bobby R. Thomas as supervising architect, it uses a modern, minimalistic style characteristic of those constructed by the church in the 1980s. A groundbreaking ceremony, marking the beginning of construction, was held on May 19, 1984, with Hinckley conducting.

Centennial, Colorado
Centennial is a home rule city located in Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 108,418 at the 2020 United States census, making Centennial the 11th most populous municipality in Colorado. Centennial is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a part of the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Walsall F.C. Youth and Reserves
Walsall Football Club in England are represented at Reserve and Youth team level by the Walsall Development Squad and Walsall Academy. The Development Squad currently compete in the Central League North-West Division and the academy team compete in the Youth Alliance North-West Division.

Both teams play the majority of their home games at the Birmingham County FA Headquarters at Ray Hall Lane in Perry Barr, although some games are played at the senior side's Bescot Stadium home.

The Development Squad is currently managed by Miguel Llera and the academy side by Kyle Kirby. The make up of both sides is usually very similar, with Walsall's Academy side joining more experienced first team players on the fringes of the EFL League Two matchday squad and those who are returning from injury, in the majority of Development Squad fixtures.

Walsall Development Squad also compete in the Birmingham Senior Cup and Walsall Senior Cup, winning each competition on a number of occasions.

Walsall Senior Cup
The Walsall and District Football Association Senior Cup is an English football competition for clubs in and around Walsall, with the final in modern times taking place at Walsall's Bescot Stadium.

The Cup was founded in 1878 and was originally named the Licensed Victuallers Cup with nine sides competing. Walsall Swifts won the inaugural competition. The current holders are Rushall Olympic.
NGC 3182
NGC 3182 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy lies about 110 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3182 is approximately 55,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 8, 1793.

Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.
Fuiono Tenina Crichton
Fuiono Tenina Crichton (born 1951) is a Samoan politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. He is a member of the FAST Party.

Fuiono first ran for election in the 2021 Samoan general election. After being defeated by Leota Tima Leavai he challenged her election in an election petition, forcing her resignation. He stood again in the subsequent by-election, where he was declared elected unopposed after successfully challenging his only opponent's eligibility to stand.

On 17 January 2025 he was fired as an associate minister by prime minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa after supporting her expulsion from the FAST party. He stepped down at the 2025 election.

Leota Tima Leavai
Aeau Leota Tima Leavai (born ~1960) is a Samoan lawyer and politician. She is the daughter of former MP A'eau Peniamina.

Leavai is a lawyer who runs her own law firm. She contested the April 2021 Samoan general election in her father's seat of Falealupo as a candidate for the Human Rights Protection Party, and won the seat. On 29 June 2021 the Samoa Observer reported that she planned to resign her seat and not run again, as part of the settlement of an electoral petition. She formally resigned on 9 July.

In June 2020 Leavai was awarded the Aeau title by her village.
Myodocarpaceae
Myodocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants which contains 2 genera (Delarbrea, Myodocarpus) and 15 species.  The family is accepted under the APG IV system and placed in the order Apiales.: 20  In earlier systems the two genera were included among the Araliaceae.: 118

The center of diversity of the family is New Caledonia, where 13 of the 15 included species are endemic. Of the remaining two species, Delarbrea paradoxa subsp. paradoxa is found in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands (archipelago) and Vanuatu as well as New Caledonia, while Delarbrea michieana is endemic to Australia. Plants in the family are small trees which either have a single trunk or are lightly branched.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Osmundastrum pulchellum
Osmundastrum pulchellum is an extinct species of Osmundastrum, leptosporangiate ferns  in the family Osmundaceae from the lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian?) Djupadal Formation of Southern Sweden. It remained unstudied for 40 years. It is one of the most exceptional fossil ferns ever found, preserving intact calcified (thus dead) tissue with DNA and cells. Its exceptional preservation has allowed the study of the DNA relationships with extant Osmundaceae ferns, proving a 180-million-year genomic stasis. It has also preserved its biotic interactions and even ongoing mitosis.

Osmundaceae
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida (ferns) or in some classifications the only order in the class Osmundopsida. This is an ancient (known from the Upper Permian) and fairly isolated group that is often known as the "flowering ferns" because of the striking aspect of the ripe sporangia in Claytosmunda, Osmunda, Osmundastrum, and Plensium (subtribe Osmundinae). In these genera the sporangia are borne naked on non-laminar pinnules, while Todea and Leptopteris (subtribe Todinae) bear sporangia naked on laminar pinnules. Ferns in this family are larger than most other ferns.
Bookbreaking
Bookbreaking is the practice of removing pages (especially those containing maps or illustrations) from books, especially from rare books.

The term is not usually used to refer to outright theft, where the bookbreaker does not own the book in question. There have been many cases of theft of illustrations—especially maps—from rare books in libraries.

Book collecting
Book collecting is the collecting of books, including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever books are of interest to a given collector. The love of books is bibliophilia, and someone who loves to read, admire, and a person who collects books is often called a bibliophile.

Book prices generally depend on the demand for a given edition which is based on factors such as the number of copies available, the book's  condition, and if they were signed by the author (and/or editor or illustrator, if applicable) or by a famous previous owner. For example, a first edition And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street can reach the price of $12,000 in the best condition.
1942 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1942 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 54th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 25 January 1942. The championship began on 12 April 1942 and ended on 27 September 1942.

St. Nicholas' entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they surrendered their title after refusing to agree to a replay with Fermoy.

On 27 September 1942, Clonakilty won the championship following a 1–08 to 1–05 defeat of Fermoy in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1939.

1939 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1939 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 51st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 7 February 1939.

St. Nicholas' entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Beara in the semi-final.

On 12 November 1939, Clonakilty won the championship following a 0–07 to 0–05 defeat of Beara in the final at Skibbereen Town Park. This was their first championship title.