hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of ethics
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that examines right and wrong moral behavior, moral concepts (such as justice, virtue, duty) and moral language. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior". The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology.

Various ethical theories pose various answers to the question "What is the greatest good?" and elaborate a complete set of proper behaviors for individuals and groups. Ethical theories are closely related to forms of life in various social orders.

Alasdair MacIntyre
Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (12 January 1929 – 21 May 2025) was a Scottish-American philosopher who contributed to moral and political philosophy as well as history of philosophy and theology. MacIntyre's After Virtue (1981) is one of the most important works of Anglophone moral and political philosophy in the 20th century. He was a senior research fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University, emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, and permanent senior distinguished research fellow at the Notre Dame de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture. During his lengthy academic career, he also taught at Brandeis University, Duke University, Vanderbilt University, and Boston University.
Somontano
Somontano is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) for wines, created in 1984, and located in the county of the same name, in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. It borders the regions of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in the north, Hoya de Huesca in the west, the Monegros in the south, and La Litera in the east. Wine production is centred on the town of Barbastro. The name Somontano derives from Latin roots meaning “beneath the mountain”. The area spreads out from the foothills of the Pyrenees down to the Ebro valley. The DOP includes 43 municipalities, most of them in the Somontano area, and a few bordering on Ribagorza and the Monegros. There are over 4000 hectares of vines and about 500 individual grape-growers.

Hoya de Huesca/Plana de Uesca
Hoya de Huesca/Plana de Uesca is a comarca (administrative subdivision) in the province of Huesca (Spain).

Capital city: Huesca, also the biggest of the 40 municipalities of the comarca.

Surface: 2,525.60 km².

Population: 60,525 (2002).

It occupies the central area of Somontano, between the Sotón and Alcanadre rivers and the Gratal and Guara mountains. The Isuela, Flumen and Guatizalema rivers also flow across its territory.

It borders on the following comarcas:

North - Jacetania and Alto Gállego

South - Zaragoza and Monegros

East - Somontano de Barbastro

West - Cinco Villas

The local economy is based on agriculture and cattle raising. The main industry is metallurgy. Among the most popular places of interest are Huesca's 13th century Cathedral and the medieval town of Loarre.
Bob Gualtieri
Robert A. "Bob" Gualtieri (born October 2, 1961) is an American law enforcement officer, lawyer, and politician who is serving as the 15th Sheriff of Pinellas County, Florida. He previously served as Chief Deputy and General Counsel to PCSO under Sheriff Jim Coats. Gualtieri was appointed Sheriff by Governor Rick Scott in 2011 to succeed Coats. Gualtieri was elected to the office in his own right in 2012, and was re-elected in 2016, 2020 and 2024. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In March 2018, House Speaker Richard Corcoran appointed Gualtieri to the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission, and Governor Scott named him Chairman. In 2019, the National Sheriffs' Association named Gualtieri the recipient of the Ferris E. Lucas Sheriff of the Year award. Gualtieri was also the elected president of the Florida Sheriffs Association for the 2019–20 year. Gualtieri also serves as the treasurer for the Major County Sheriffs of America.

County sheriff (Florida)
The county sheriff is a Florida constitutional officer and a part of the state judicial branch.

The sheriff has a duty to enforce both the Florida Constitution and Florida state laws and statutes, and to provide for the security, safety and well-being of its citizens. This is accomplished through the delivery of law enforcement services, the operation of the county jail, and the provision of court security. The Office of the Sheriff functions as the executive officer of the court.

Under Florida law, the sheriff derives his legal authority from the Constitution of the State of Florida. The sheriff is vested with the ability to appoint and direct deputies who will act in his name and office to enforce the appropriate and applicable laws of the State of Florida. Those deputies of the county sheriff's office who are certified law enforcement officers must maintain a thorough working knowledge of the laws they enforce and the underlying principles from which they emanate.
William Robinson (architect)
Sir William Robinson PC(I) (May 1644 – October 1712) was a British architect, military engineer and politician. He held several posts in the Dublin Castle administration, including as Surveyor General of Ireland from 1671 until 1700. He was an influential figure in the development of classical architecture in Ireland, designing many buildings in the English Baroque style, particularly in Dublin. Towards the end of his life, Robinson was implicated in several financial scandals.

Surveyor General of Ireland
The office of Surveyor General of Ireland was an appointed officer under the Dublin Castle administration of Ireland in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Surveyor General was typically responsible for the surveying, design and construction of civic works, and was often involved in overseeing the construction of military barracks and public buildings. Though Surveyors General were officially appointed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, it was not unknown for the post to be "sold" by one holder to the next. For example, Arthur Jones-Nevill succeeded Arthur Dobbs in 1743, having paid £3,300 to secure the position. And despite being dismissed for maladministration, Nevill was allowed to sell the post on to Thomas Eyre in 1752. Eyre was the last holder of the office, which was abolished in 1763.
Demond Mallet
Dayon Demond Mallet (born February 22, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball at McNeese State University. Mallet spent 17 seasons as a professional player, in multiple European leagues afterwards, and won multiple championships and was named the Most Valuable Player of several competitions.

Mallet won a German League championship, and the German Cup title. He also won the ULEB Cup championship (which is now called the EuroCup), and he won the prestigious Spanish King's Cup title, with the team Joventut Badalona. Joventut later honored Mallet in his last game with the team. Mallet also won the Belgian League MVP in 2011, and the Belgium League championship that same year.

2001 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The Consensus 2001 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of four major All-American teams.  To earn "consensus" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The Sporting News and the National Association of Basketball Coaches.
375 Pearl Street
375 Pearl Street (also known as the Intergate.Manhattan, One Brooklyn Bridge Plaza, and Verizon Building) is a 32-story office and datacenter building in the Civic Center of Lower Manhattan in New York City, at the Manhattan end of the Brooklyn Bridge. It was built for the New York Telephone Company and completed in 1975. It was renovated in 2016.

Civic Center, Manhattan
40°42′46″N 74°00′21″W﻿ / ﻿40.71278°N 74.00583°W﻿ / 40.71278; -74.00583

The Civic Center is an area and neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City, that encompasses New York City Hall, One Police Plaza, the courthouses in Foley Square, the Metropolitan Correctional Center, and the surrounding area. The district is bound on the west by Tribeca at Broadway, on the north by Chinatown at Worth Street or Bayard Street, on the east by the East River and the Brooklyn Bridge at South Street, and on the south by the Financial District at Ann Street.
Lao ceramics
Lao ceramics refers to ceramic art and pottery designed or produced as a form of Lao art. The tradition of Lao ceramics dates back to the third millennium BCE. Pottery and ceramics were an essential part of the trade between Laos and its neighbours.

Lao art
Lao art involves the myriad of forms creative, cultural expression originating from Laos. This includes both ancient artifacts and recent productions. Laotian Art often features Buddhist themes and includes such material forms as textiles, wood-carving and basket-weaving. Lao art is well known for its wealth of ornamentation
Pleurotus eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii (also known as king trumpet mushroom, French horn mushroom, eryngi, king oyster mushroom, king brown mushroom, boletus of the steppes, trumpet royale, aliʻi oyster) is an Old World species of fungus.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Ivan Polunin
Ivan Vladimirovich Polunin (12 December 1920 – 21 December 2010) was a medical doctor, author, teacher, documentary filmmaker, and photographer. He is best known for his rare colour films, which document cultural traditions and wildlife in Singapore and Malaysia from the 1950s. The films contain important historical and sociological information, and were recently the subject of a local documentaries Lost Images and "Invisible City" which showed his well-preserved film archive. His work has been featured in National Geographic magazine; aired on the BBC and stored in the Smithsonian.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Aleksandr Lenderman
Aleksandr "Alex" Lenderman (born September 23, 1989) is an American chess grandmaster. He won the 2005 World Under-16 Championship in Belfort with a score of 9/10 (+8 −0 =2), becoming the first American to win a gold medal at the World Youth Chess Championship since Tal Shaked won the World Junior Championship in 1997.

Internet Chess Club
The Internet Chess Club (ICC) is a commercial Internet chess server devoted to the play and discussion of chess and chess variants.  ICC had over 30,000 subscribing members in 2005. It was the first Internet chess server and was the largest pay to play chess server in 2005.
Panther Cliff
Panther Cliff (66°23′S 65°36′W﻿ / ﻿66.383°S 65.600°W﻿ / -66.383; -65.600) is a conspicuous cliff on the southwest side of Stresher Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is situated at the northeast corner of Darbel Bay, just north of the mouth of Cardell Glacier. Photographed by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) in 1956–57. The name is descriptive of the appearance of the cliff, which is a landmark for parties sledging in Darbel Bay.

Darbel Bay
Darbel Bay (66°30′S 65°55′W﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 65.917°W﻿ / -66.500; -65.917) is a bay 25 nautical miles (50 km) wide, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Stresher Peninsula and Pernik Peninsula.  Entered southwest of Cape Bellue and northeast of Cape Rey. The glaciers Widmark Ice Piedmont, Cardell, Erskine, Hopkins, Drummond, Widdowson, McCance, Solun, and Škorpil feed the bay.

It was discovered and roughly charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who gave it the name Baie Marin Darbel. The bay was further charted in 1931 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II, and by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.
Ottó Aubéli
Ottó Zsolt Aubéli (born March 31, 1975, in Esztergom) is an amateur Hungarian freestyle wrestler, who played for the men's super heavyweight category. In 2005, he won two bronze medals at the World Championships in Budapest, Hungary, and at the European Championships in Varna, Bulgaria.

Aubeli made his official debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he placed third in the preliminary pool of the men's 120 kg class, against Georgia's Alex Modebadze, and Russia's Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Aubeli reached the quarterfinal round of the 120 kg class by easily defeating Palau's Florian Skilang Temengil. He lost to former Olympic champion and Russian-born wrestler David Musuľbes of Slovakia, who was able to score four points in two straight periods, leaving Aubeli with a single point.

His daughter, Tekla, is a water polo player who plays for the Hungary women's national water polo team.

Kuramagomed Kuramagomedov
Kuramagomed Sharipovich  Kuramagomedov (Russian: Курамагомед Шарипович Курамагомедов; born 21 March 1978) is a freestyle wrestler who competed for Russia in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He won a world title in 1997 at 97 kg. He also represented Russia at the World Championships in 1998, where he won bronze at 97 kg. From 2003 to 2005, he competed for Russia at 120 kg.  He won a silver medal at the 2005 World Championships.
Blocking (textile arts)
In knitting, crochet and other handmade textile arts, blocking is a final stage of handmade textile production that adjusts the shape and size of the finished piece. Not all pieces need blocking; however, blocking is standard for lace work and is not uncommon in sweaters, socks, and other solid projects. Through heat and moisture, blocking sets the stitches and standardizes the final dimensions, and may enhance the drape. Hand manufacture places natural stresses on fabrics that may result in deviations from its intended shape and size.  Blocking is only effective on natural fibres but a technique called killing may be used on synthetic fibres to achieve an effect similar to blocking.

The degree of malleability is determined by the type of yarn used, with wool providing the most flexibility.  For projects that are produced in sections or piecework, blocking is normally done prior to final assembly, and may be repeated after final construction.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
Schizaea pusilla
Schizaea pusilla, the little curlygrass fern, is a species of fern in the family Schizaeaceae. It was first described by the German-American botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1814. It is native to New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia in Canada, the French overseas territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and North Carolina in the United States of America. It is listed as endangered by the state of New York.

Schizaeaceae
Schizaeaceae is a family of ferns in the order Schizaeales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it includes only two genera. Alternatively, two families kept separate in PPG I, Lygodiaceae and Anemiaceae, may be included in Schizaeaceae (as the subfamilies Lygodioideae and Anemioideae) so that the family has four genera. In this approach, the Schizaeaceae of PPG I is treated as the subfamily Schizaeoideae.
Minister of National Revenue
The minister of national revenue (French: ministre du revenu national) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). The role is currently styled Minister of Finance and National Revenue (French: Ministre des Finances et du Revenu national).

François-Philippe Champagne has been Minister of National Revenue since May 13, 2025. He concurrently serves as the minister of finance.

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
Sukhia Pokhri
Sukhia Pokhri is a census town in the Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri CD block in the Darjeeling Sadar subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the indian state of West Bengal. It is located 11 km from Ghum on the way to Mirik.

Mirik
Mirik is a small town and a Notified Area of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Mirik subdivision. The name Mirik comes from the Lepcha words Mir-Yok meaning "place burnt by fire".
Kusaina
Kusaina is a village in Salarpur block, Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The village is administrated by Titauli Gram panchayat. The village code is 128264. According to 2011 Census of India, the total population of the village is 743, out of 386 are males and 357 are females.

Salarpur, Budaun
Salarpur is a Block and village panchayat in Budaun district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Its block code is 0180. 67 panchayat of Budaun district comes under Salarpur block. According to 2011 Census of India, the total houses in Salarpur is 27,767 and total population is 1,68,197 out of 90,637 are males and 77,560 are females.
William H. Maxwell Career and Technical Education High School
William H. Maxwell Career and Technical High School is a vocational high school in Brooklyn, New York. It lies on Pennsylvania Avenue in the upper half of the East New York neighborhood, close to Liberty Avenue subway station on the C train. The building was built in 1912, but it was re-chartered as a high school in 1950. The school offers vocational training in a variety of subjects, including cosmetology, fashion, medical assisting and related visual instruction.

Liberty Avenue station
The Liberty Avenue station is a local station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Liberty and Pennsylvania Avenues in East New York, Brooklyn. It is served by the C train at all times except nights, when the A train takes over service.

Construction on the Liberty Avenue station started in 1938 as part of a four-station extension of the Fulton Street subway along Pitkin Avenue. Work was delayed by funding problems due to World War II, even though the stations were mostly complete. Construction resumed on the extension of the Fulton Street Line in November 1946, and this part of the Fulton Street Line opened in 1948.
1999 PruTour
The 1999 PruTour was the second edition of the Prudential Tour of Britain cycle race and was held from 23 May to 29 May 1999. The race started in Westminster and finished in Edinburgh. The race was won by Marc Wauters of the Rabobank team.

Tour of Britain
The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.

The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour.

The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the UCI Europe Tour. From 2014, the race was rated 2.HC by the UCI. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020.
Mind CTI
MIND CTI Ltd. is a global provider of billing and customer care solutions and messaging services for voice, data, video and content services. Headquartered in Yokneam, Israel; the company also has offices in the United States of America, Iaşi in Romania and in Germany.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).
Ponciano Leiva
Ponciano Leiva Madrid (November 19, 1821 – December 12, 1896) was President of Honduras 13 January 1874 – 8 June 1876 and 30 November 1891 – 7 August 1893. Leiva was a conservative.

Leiva was a soldier and initially came to power through the support of the military. He rose to the rank of general.

Leiva initially came to power by overthrowing his predecessor in a coup. In 1876 he left office due to pressure from Justo Rufino Barrios, the president of Guatemala.

He later served as minister of war to Luis Bográn, and then was elected to the presidency in 1891.  In this election held on 10 November 1891 Leiva received the majority of the vote.  His main opponent in the election was Policarpo Bonilla.  In 1893 Leiva resigned from office due to the threat of revolution and was replaced by Domingo Vasquez.

President of Honduras
The president of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de Honduras), officially known as the  president of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Honduras), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. According to the 1982 Constitution of Honduras, the Government of Honduras consists of three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The president is the head of the executive branch, their primary duty being to "execute and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal dispositions". The President is directly elected for a four-year term.