hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Libertarian Party (United States)
The Libertarian Party of the United States was formed in Colorado Springs in the home of Luke Zell by a group of individuals led by David Nolan on December 11, 1971, after several months of debate among members of the Committee to Form a Libertarian Party, founded July 17. The formation was prompted in part by price controls and the end of the Gold Standard implemented by President Richard Nixon. The Libertarian Party viewed the dominant Republican and Democratic parties as having diverged from what they viewed as the libertarian principles of the American Founding Fathers. This group included John Hospers, Edward Crane, Manuel Klausner, Murray Rothbard, Roy Childs, D. Frank Robinson, and Theodora (Tonie) Nathan.

2008 Libertarian National Convention
The 2008 Libertarian National Convention was held from May 22 to May 26, 2008, at the Sheraton Hotel (formerly the Adam's Mark Hotel) in Denver, Colorado. The delegates at the convention, on behalf of the U.S. Libertarian Party, nominated Bob Barr for president and Wayne Allyn Root for vice president in the 2008 presidential election. The convention was televised nationally on C-SPAN.

Libertarians hold a national convention every two years to vote on party bylaws, platform and resolutions and elect national party officers and a judicial committee. Every four years it nominates presidential and vice presidential candidates.

The theme of this convention was A Better Choice for America.

Two non-binding primaries preceded the convention.
Shukhov Tower
55°43′02″N 37°36′41″E﻿ / ﻿55.71722°N 37.61139°E﻿ / 55.71722; 37.61139

The Shukhov Radio Tower (Russian: Шуховская башня), also known as the Shabolovka Tower (Шаболовская башня), is a broadcasting tower deriving from the Russian avant-garde in Moscow designed by Vladimir Shukhov. The 160-metre-high (520 ft) free-standing steel diagrid structure was built between 1920 and 1922, during the Russian Civil War.

Russian avant-garde
The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism. In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.
Ojeda Beach
Ojeda Beach (Bulgarian: бряг Охеда, romanized: bryag Oheda, IPA: [ˈbrʲak oˈxɛdɐ]) is the ice-free beach extending 730 m on the southeast coast of South Bay, Hurd Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is bounded by Hespérides Point to the north, Hesperides Hill and Atlantic Club Ridge to the east, and Boeritsa Point to the south.  The beach was possibly visited by early 19th century sealers frequenting the nearby Johnsons Dock.

The feature is named after Miguel Ángel Ojeda Cárdenes, manager of the Spanish Antarctic logistics and base commander at Juan Carlos I base during several seasons, for his support for the Bulgarian Antarctic programme.

Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base
Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base, named after the former king of Spain, Juan Carlos I (Spanish: Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I), is a seasonal (November to March) scientific station operated by Spain, opened in January 1988. Situated on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

The base is controlled by the Marine Technology Unit of the Spanish National Research Council and is 20 miles away from the Spanish Antarctic base Gabriel de Castilla.

The base has undergone several renovations, the closest remodeling was completed in 2018 and it was inaugurated by the Science Minister, Pedro Duque, on February 2, 2019. This latest renovation involved the construction of "new facilities [that] have allowed it to double its capacity, up to 51 people, and increase the space available for scientific and technical personnel in laboratories."
Lithium citrate
Lithium citrate (Li3C6H5O7) is a lithium salt of citric acid that is used as a mood stabilizer in psychiatric treatment of manic states and bipolar disorder. There is extensive pharmacology of lithium, the active component of this salt.

Lithium citrate is used to treat mania, hypomania, depression and bipolar disorder. It can be administered orally in the form of a syrup. Liquid lithium, in the form of lithium citrate, is available as an 8 mEq/5 mL solution in the United States.

Mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
Nyuni Island
Nyuni Island (Kisiwa cha Nyuni, in Swahili) is a coral island in the Songosongo Archipelago. The island is governed by the Songosongo ward in Kilwa District of Lindi Region in Tanzania's Indian ocean coast.  Geographically, the island is part of the Songosongo Islands archipelago which is composed of 22 reefs and 4 islands. The other three islands are Songo Songo, Fanjove Island and Okuza Island. Nyuni island has an elevation of 14m and is under the national natural gas exploration and extraction initiative.

Songo Songo Island
Songo Songo Island, or sometimes spelled Songosongo Island (Swahili: Kisiwa cha Songosongo), is a coral island in the Songosongo Archipelago. The island is governed by the Songosongo ward in Kilwa District of Lindi Region in Tanzania's Indian ocean coast.  It is served by the Songo Songo Airstrip. The island's native inhabitants are the Matumbi people.
John Paul II Collegiate
John Paul II Collegiate is a high school serving grades 8 to 12, located in North Battleford, Saskatchewan. It is one of three high schools in the city. It is part of the Light of Christ Roman Catholic School Division.

John Paul II Collegiate was designed by Folstad & Friggstad Architects of Saskatoon.

John Paul II Collegiate is the only high school in the Battlefords to offer the French Immersion Program. As well, it is the only school to teach Advanced Placement courses.

North Battleford
North Battleford is a city in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the seventh largest city in the province and is directly across the North Saskatchewan River from the town of Battleford. Together, the two communities are known as "The Battlefords".

North Battleford and the greater Battlefords area are a notable stop along the Yellowhead Highway, part of the Trans-Canada system, and serve as a commercial and cultural hub for west- and north-central Saskatchewan. Together, the Battlefords are served by the Yellowhead Highway as well as Highway 4, Highway 26, Highway 29, and Highway 40.

Battlefords Provincial Park is 40 kilometres (25 mi) north on Highway 4.
Thaxted (tune)
"Thaxted" is a hymn tune by the English composer Gustav Holst, based on the stately theme from the middle section of the Jupiter movement of his orchestral suite The Planets and named after Thaxted, the English village where he lived much of his life. He adapted the theme in 1921 to fit the patriotic poem "I Vow to Thee, My Country" by Cecil Spring Rice but that was as a unison song with orchestra. It did not appear as a hymn-tune called "Thaxted" until his friend Ralph Vaughan Williams included it in Songs of Praise in 1926.

Hymn tune
A hymn tune is the melody of a musical composition to which a hymn text is sung. Musically speaking, a hymn is generally understood to have four-part (or more) harmony, a fast harmonic rhythm (chords change frequently), with or without refrain or chorus.

From the late sixteenth century in England and Scotland, when most people were not musically literate and learned melodies by rote, it was a common practice to sing a new text to a hymn tune the singers already knew which had a suitable meter and character.

There are many hymn tunes which might fit a particular hymn: a hymn in Long Metre might be sung to any hymn tune in Long Metre, but the tunes might be as different as those tunes that have been used for centuries with hymns such as Te lucis ante terminum, on one hand, and an arrangement of the calypso tune used with Jamaica Farewell, on the other.
Tissington railway station
Tissington railway station is a disused British railway station near Tissington (grid reference SK177521), a village in Derbyshire near Ashbourne.  It opened on 4 August 1899 and closed on 7 October 1963.

Cromford and High Peak Railway
The Cromford and High Peak Railway (C&HPR) was a standard-gauge line between the Cromford Canal wharf at High Peak Junction and the Peak Forest Canal at Whaley Bridge. The railway, which was completed in 1831, was built to carry minerals and goods through the hilly rural terrain of the Peak District within Derbyshire, England. The route was marked by a number of roped worked inclines. Due to falling traffic, the entire railway was closed by 1967.

The remains of the line, between Dowlow and Cromford, has now become the High Peak Trail, a route on the National Cycle Network.
Pavel Ipatov (politician)
Pavel Leonidovich Ipatov (Russian: Па́вел Леони́дович Ипа́тов; born 12 April 1950) is a Russian politician who served as Governor of Saratov Oblast from 2005 until 23 March 2012. He was the first governor appointed by president Vladimir Putin. Ipatov is a member of United Russia. He was previously the director of a nuclear power plant.

Governor of Saratov Oblast
The Governor of Saratov Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Саратовской области) is the head of government of Saratov Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

The position was introduced in 1991 as Head of Administration. The title of office was changed to Governor after Dmitry Ayatskov won the 1996 election.
Lysefjorden (Vestland)
Lysefjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) long fjord lies along the border of Bergen Municipality and Bjørnafjorden Municipality. The island of Lysøya which is the site of the Ole Bull Museum Lysøen is located in the fjord. The villages of Nordvik (in Bergen Municipality) and Søvik (in Bjørnafjorden Municipality) are both located at the inner part of the fjord. The Lysefjorden flows west and joins the Bjørnafjorden and Krossfjorden. The fjord is named after the old Lyse Abbey which is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the fjord's shoreline.

Krossfjorden (Vestland)
Krossfjorden (or unofficially Korsfjorden) is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 14-kilometre (8.7 mi) long fjord lies along the border of Austevoll Municipality (to the south), Øygarden Municipality (to the north), and Bergen Municipality (to the east). The Krossfjorden is one of the main passages from the North Sea to the port of the city of Bergen.

Krossfjorden is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long, 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi) wide and up to 640 metres (2,100 ft) deep. The island of Sotra is located to the north of the fjord and the islands of Storakalsøy and Hundvåko are to the south. The Marstein Lighthouse is located on the south side of the mouth of Krossfjorden. The Lysefjorden cuts east and northeast into the Bergen Peninsula as a continuation of Krossfjorden. The Bjørnafjorden continues southwards from the Krossfjorden and the Raunefjorden and Fanafjorden head to the north and northeast from the Krossfjorden.
Selby (Brayton Gates) railway station
Selby (Brayton Gates) was the initial, temporary southern terminus of the short Cawood, Wistow and Selby Light Railway (CW&SLR) in North Yorkshire, England. The line was connected to the North Eastern Railway (NER) nearby. The station is sometimes referred to as "Brayton Gates" or plain "Selby", though it was around a mile from the much larger Selby station.

Railway and Canal Historical Society
The Railway and Canal Historical Society was founded in the United Kingdom in 1954 to bring together all those interested in the history of transport, with particular reference to railways and waterways in Britain, its main objects being to promote historical research and to raise the standard of published history.
San Juancito, Honduras
San Juancito is a small town in central Honduras, located 40 km northeast of Tegucigalpa, the nation's capital. The town is in the department of Francisco Morazán. Including the dependent hamlets of Nuevo Rosario, Guacamaya, and Plan Grande, the population totals at about 1400. Its central neighborhood is depicted on the back of the 500-lempira bill.

While its history is linked to mining, its current importance lies in that it is located within the buffer zone of La Tigra National Park, a cloud forest ecosystem and Honduras' first national park. The park is a huge watershed, providing water for over a half million people in the capital; San Juancito is located on the northern side of the La Tigra, and has had paved access since 2003. It is the lesser-visited of the park's two entrances (the other being at Jutiapa, on the southwestern side of the park).

San Juan de Flores
Cantarranas is a municipality in the Honduran department of Francisco Morazán.

It is also known as Cantaranas (or Singing Frogs in English) and is located approximately 55 minutes north of the capital, Tegucigalpa and about 20 minutes away from Valle de Angeles.
Siddarth Kaul
Siddarth Kaul (born 19 May 1990), also spelled Siddharth Kaul, is an Indian former professional cricketer. A fast bowler who bowls at about 130 km/h, he made his first-class debut for Punjab in 2007. Kaul was a part of the victorious India Under-19s team at the 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup and was named as one of the players to be drafted for the Indian Premier League, where he signed for the Kolkata Knight Riders. He was a part of the Indian squad which won the 2018 Asia Cup. In 2024, he retired from Indian cricket.

His father, Tej Kaul, played across three seasons in the 1970s for Jammu and Kashmir. His brother, Uday Kaul, also played for Punjab, and later for Chandigarh and Mizoram.

India A cricket team
The India A cricket team is a national cricket team representing second-tier cricket of India national cricket team. The matches played by India A receive first-class and List A classification. It is a developmental team, domestic players who are about to get picked and are in contention for national team get selected in this team or some international players who are not in national team contention also sometimes play.

The team had played in NKP Salve Challenger Trophy as India Red, Its names were changed for the 2006 version of this tournament. India A became India Red. The team has won the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy four times (2001/02, 2003/04, 2004,05, 2009/10) and shared the trophy thrice (1998/99, 2006/07, 2011/12). They won the Duleep Trophy in 2024.
Akaitcho
Akaitcho (variants: Akaicho or Ekeicho; translation: "Big-Foot" or "Big-Feet"; meaning: "like a wolf with big paws, he can travel long distances over snow") (ca. 1786–1838) was a Copper Indian, and Chief of the Yellowknives. His territory included the region from the eastern portion of the Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, Canada, to the Coppermine River, in Nunavut. He was recruited to act as interpreter, guide, and hunter for John Franklin's first of three Arctic expeditions, the Coppermine Expedition of 1819–1822.

Dene
The Dene people (/ˈdɛneɪ/) are an Indigenous group of First Nations who inhabit the northern boreal, subarctic and Arctic regions of Canada. The Dene speak Northern Athabaskan languages and it is the common Athabaskan word for "people". The term "Dene" has two uses:

Most commonly, "Dene" is used narrowly to refer to the Athabaskan speakers of the Northwest Territories in Canada who form the Dene Nation: the Chipewyan (Denesuline), Tłı̨chǫ (Dogrib), Yellowknives (T'atsaot'ine), Slavey (Deh Gah Got'ine or Deh Cho), Sahtu (Sahtúot’ine), and Gwichʼin (Dinjii Zhuh).

"Dene" is sometimes also used to refer to all Northern Athabaskan speakers, who are spread in a wide range all across Alaska and northern Canada.

The Dene people are known for their oral storytelling.
Pankrác Prison
Pankrác Prison, officially Prague Pankrác Remand Prison (Czech: Vazební věznice Praha Pankrác), is a prison in Prague, Czech Republic. A part of the Czech Prison Service, it is located southeast of Prague city centre in Pankrác, not far from Pražského povstání metro station on Line C. It is used in part for persons awaiting trial and partly for convicted prisoners. Since 2008, women have also been incarcerated here.

Prison Service of the Czech Republic
Prison Service of the Czech Republic (Czech: Vězeňská služba České republiky or VS ČR) is the prison agency of the Czech Republic. Its head office is located in Prague District 4. As of 2021 the head of the prison service is Simon Michailidis.
Operation Ochsenkopf
Unternehmen Ochsenkopf (Operation Ox Head) also known as the Battle of Sidi Nsir and the Battle of Hunts Gap was an Axis offensive operation in Tunisia from 26 February to 4 March 1943, during the Tunisia Campaign of the Second World War. The offensive and a subsidiary operation Unternehmen Ausladung was intended to gain control of Medjez el Bab, Béja, El Aroussa, Djebel Abiod and a position known as Hunt's Gap, between the British First Army and the Axis Army Group Africa (Heeresgruppe Afrika/Gruppo d'Armate Africa). The offensive gained some ground, but none of the more ambitious objectives were achieved before the operation was called off due to increasing losses of infantry and tanks, particularly the heavy Tigers. Unternehmen Ochsenkopf was the last big Axis offensive by the 5th Panzer Army before the surrender of the Afrika Korps in May 1943.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
26th Field Artillery Regiment (Canada)
The 26th Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, is a Canadian Army Primary Reserve artillery regiment based in Brandon and Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. 71 Field Battery, Headquarters and Service Battery, and Regimental Headquarters are in Brandon (49°50′30″N 99°57′12″W﻿ / ﻿49.8418°N 99.9532°W﻿ / 49.8418; -99.9532﻿ (71st Field Battery and Regimental Headquarters)), and 13 Field Battery is in Portage la Prairie (49°58′35″N 98°17′15″W﻿ / ﻿49.9765°N 98.2875°W﻿ / 49.9765; -98.2875﻿ (13th Field Battery)). Together with 10th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA and 116th Independent Field Battery, RCA, it forms the 38 Artillery Tactical Group within the 38 Canadian Brigade Group of 3rd Canadian Division.

Organization of Military Museums of Canada
The Organization of Military Museums of Canada (OMMC) is a national organization for the promotion of military museums in Canada. It was established in 1967 by a group of military museums, historians, and military history enthusiasts. The organization boasts over 40 individual and 60 institutional members, which include Canadian Forces museums, Parks Canada sites, as well as federal, provincial, and municipal museums. The OMMC is a registered, charitable, non-profit organization that was incorporated in 1992.

Anne Lindsay serves as the President of OMMC Inc. as of 2022. The OMMC's Head Office is located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The OMMC acts as an umbrella organization for Canadian museums whose main purpose is the preservation and display of military artifacts. It also supports other interested institutions and individuals. The OMMC is a federally incorporated, not-for-profit institution.
Whitworth Sharpshooters
Whitworth Sharpshooters were the Confederate equivalent to the Union sharpshooter regiments, and they used the British Whitworth rifle. These men accompanied regular infantrymen and their occupation was usually eliminating Union artillery gun crews.

2nd United States Sharpshooters
The 2nd United States Sharpshooters was a sharpshooter regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. From 1861 to January 1863 they were members of the "First Iron Brigade" also known as the "Iron Brigade of the East".
Daniil Konstantinov
Daniil Ilyich Konstantinov (Russian: Даниил Ильич Константинов) (born February 5, 1984) is a Russian opposition politician, lawyer, and human rights activist who led the Moscow Defense League movement. He is a member of the organizing committee For Fair Elections. Previously, he was an activist in The People movement, the leader of Change, and a member of the A Just Russia party. Since 2012, he has been a member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council.

Dmitry Gudkov
Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov (Russian: Дмитрий Геннадьевич Гудков; born 19 January 1980) is a Russian politician and opposition leader. He was elected as a member of the State Duma in 2011–2016. His father, Gennady Gudkov, was also a Duma deputy in 2001–2012. Both father and son were members of the party Fair Russia. Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of "calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs". While Gudkov ran as candidate of Yabloko party and worked with the non-systemic opposition, he lost in the 18 September 2016 election for the Russian Parliament. In 2018, he and Ksenia Sobchak decided to align together, which lead to the creation of an opposition political party which is called the Party of Changes.

In 2024, he became a co-founder and expert at the "European Center for Analysis and Strategies" (CASE).[117]
2015 AFC Beach Soccer Championship
The 2015 AFC Beach Soccer Championship was a beach soccer tournament which took place in Doha, Qatar on 23–28 March 2015. This was the second consecutive time that the AFC Beach Soccer Championship was held in Doha. All matches were played at the Katara Beach.

The tournament served as the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualifier for teams from Asia which are members of AFC, where the top three teams qualified for the 2015 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Portugal. In the final, Oman defeated Japan to be crowned champions, and both teams together with third place Iran qualified for the 2015 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

AFC Beach Soccer Asian Cup
The AFC Beach Soccer Asian Cup is the main championship for beach soccer in Asia, contested between the senior men's national teams of the members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is the sport's version of the better known AFC Asian Cup in association football.

The winners of the championship are crowned continental champions; the tournament also acts as the qualification route for Asian nations to the upcoming edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. Coinciding with the annual staging of the World Cup, the competition took place yearly until 2009; the World Cup then became biennial, and as its supplementary qualification event, the championship followed suit. Japan are the most successful nation with three titles and having also qualified for the World Cup on every occasion