hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marvin M. Brandt Revocable Trust v. United States
Marvin Brandt Revocable Trust v. United States, 572 U.S. 93 (2014), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a railroad right-of-way granted under the General Railroad Right-of-Way Act of 1875 is an easement.  Therefore, when a railroad abandons such a right-of-way, the easement disappears, and the land owner regains unburdened use of the land.

Reversion (law)
A reversion in property law is a future interest that is retained by the grantor after the conveyance of an estate of a lesser quantum than he has (such as the owner of a fee simple granting a life estate or a leasehold estate). Once the lesser estate comes to an end (the lease expires or the life estate tenant dies), the property automatically reverts (hence reversion) back to the grantor.
Italy at the Winter Olympics
Italy has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Winter Olympic Games. The Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) is the National Olympic Committee for Italy.

Italy has participated in all Olympic Winter Games from 1924 to 2026, securing a total of 171 medals, including 52 gold medals. The country has excelled in various sports disciplines, with many achievements in cross-country skiing (38 medals, nine of which are gold), Alpine skiing (41 medals, 16 of which are gold) and luge (22 medals, nine of which are gold). Among the Italian Winter Olympians, only Alberto Tomba and Deborah Compagnoni have achieved the feat of winning three gold medals in Alpine skiing.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
480 BC
Year 480 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus (or, less frequently, year 274 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 480 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 485 BC)
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (died 480 BC) was an aristocrat of the Early Roman Republic. He was the first of three brothers to hold the consulate, in both 485 and 482 BC.

For a seven-year period from 485 to 478 BC, one of the two consuls was a member of the gens Fabia, a domination of the office Gary Forsythe describes as "unparalleled in the consular fasti of the Roman Republic." His brothers were Kaeso (consul in 484, 481, and 479 BC) and Marcus (consul in 483 and 480 BC).

During his first consulship, Quintus defeated the Volsci and Aequi in battle, but incurred the anger of the plebs by lodging the spoils of victory with the publicum.

In his second consulship there were further hostilities with each of the Volsci and Aequi.

According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Quintus was killed in battle fighting against the Etruscans.
Gmina Odrzywół
Gmina Odrzywół is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Odrzywół, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Przysucha and 84 km (52 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 94.83 square kilometres (36.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,185.

Przysucha
Przysucha [pʂɨˈsuxa] is a town in south-central Poland. Located in historic Lesser Poland, it is part of the Masovian Voivodeship, about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Warsaw and 40 km (25 mi) west of Radom. It is the capital of Przysucha County, and the town 6,762 inhabitants (2004).

Przysucha is located on the Radomka river, along national road nr. 12 (which in the future will make Expressway S12). Rail station Przysucha is located in the village of Skrzyńsko, on the line from Radom to Łódź.
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
The 1018 intervention in the Kievan succession crisis by the Polish ruler Bolesław I the Brave was an episode in the Kievan succession crisis of 1015–1019, the struggle between Sviatopolk and his brother Yaroslav for the grand princely title of Kiev. It occurred when Sviatopolk's father-in-law Bolesław, ruler of Poland, intervened on Sviatopolk's behalf.

The intervention was initially successful as Bolesław defeated Yaroslav's armies, and temporarily secured the throne for Sviatopolk. But when Bolesław withdrew himself and his army from Kiev, Sviatopolk was unable to retain his position, being defeated by Yaroslav in the following year. Chronicles of the expedition include legendary accounts as well as factual history and have been subject to varied interpretations.

Family of Vladimir the Great
The family of Vladimir I, popularly known as Vladimir the Great (c. 958–1015), prince of Kievan Rus', is subject to scholarly studies. The primary sources about his life, such as the Primary Chronicle and the Chronicon Thietmari of Thietmar of Merseburg, are legendary, and require critical scrutiny to separate fact (or history) from fiction (or mythology).
Dwight F. Davis
Dwight Filley Davis Sr. (July 5, 1879 – November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition. He was the Assistant Secretary of War from 1923 to 1925 and Secretary of War from 1925 to 1929.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Bindura Nickel Corporation
Bindura Nickel Corporation (BNC) is a mining company based in Zimbabwe's Mashonaland Central.

Bindura operates mines and a smelter complex in the area of Bindura, Zimbabwe.  BNC is operated and majority-owned Mwana Africa plc, an African multinational mining company based in Johannesburg. BNC is listed on the ZSE and the VFEX.

Victoria Falls Stock Exchange
The Victoria Falls Stock Exchange (VFEX) is a small stock exchange headquartered in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. It was established in 2020, as a subsidiary of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) to operate in the Victoria Falls special economic zone. The VFEX's trading currency of the U.S. Dollar allows the exchange to shield investors from exchange control risk.
Mazkeret Moshe
Mazkeret Moshe (Hebrew: מזכרת משה) is a former courtyard neighborhood in Jerusalem. Today it is part of the Nachlaot neighborhood.

Mazkeret Moshe was founded in 1882 from the ardent financial support of British Jewish financier and banker, Moses Montefiore. The name "Mazkeret Moshe" means "memorial to Moses."  The neighborhood was intended for Ashkenazi Jews, while the adjacent neighborhood Ohel Moshe, also funded by Montefiore's foundation, was intended for Sephardi Jews.

The Wiener Heritage Center, an archive of historic photographs, is located in Mazkeret Moshe.

Hessed Verahamim synagogue is a Sephardi synagogue in Mazkeret Moshe that was once a pub. In the late 1920s, the neighborhood butcher convinced the pub owner to turn the building into a synagogue. The doors are covered with silver plates illustrating the Twelve Tribes.

Courtyard neighborhood
Courtyard neighborhoods are Jewish neighborhoods built in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The inward-facing and defensible traditional urban housing of the Near East, ordinarily occupied by an extended family, was adapted in these cases to serve a close-knit but genealogically unrelated community.
Long-toed lapwing
The long-toed lapwing (Vanellus crassirostris), also known as the long-toed plover, is a species of wading bird in the lapwing subfamily, within the family Charadriidae. It is mainly sedentary and found across central and eastern Africa, from Chad and South Sudan in the north to Mozambique in the southeast of its range. It is one of 13 species of ground-nesting lapwings found in Africa.

African jacana
The African jacana (Actophilornis africanus) is a wader in the family Jacanidae. It has long toes and long claws that enables it to walk on floating vegetation in shallow lakes, its preferred habitat. It is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. For the origin and pronunciation of the name, see Jacanidae.
Barbara Keyfitz
Barbara Lee Keyfitz is a Canadian-American mathematician, formerly the Dr. Charles Saltzer Professor of Mathematics at Ohio State University. In her research, she studies nonlinear partial differential equations and associated conservation laws.

Association for Women in Mathematics
The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.  AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies.  It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences.  Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants.
Carduchii
The Carduchii or Karduchoi were a group of warlike tribes that inhabited an area stretching from the Botan River in the south to an area north of Cizre in present-day Turkey. Sometime after 401 BC, they expanded their authority into the northern Tigris valley. Between 165–95 BC, they established the independent kingdom of Gordyene, seemingly as a result of the power vacuum that took place following the weakening of the Greek Seleucid Empire (312 BC – 63 BC).

Garnik Asatrian
Garnik Serobi Asatrian (Armenian: Գառնիկ Սերոբի Ասատրյան; born March 7, 1953) is an Iranian-born Armenian professor who studies and teaches Kurdish culture at Yerevan State University in Yerevan, Armenia.

Asatrian became well known for his extensive research in the field of the study of Kurdish tribal and linguistic tradition and also for the establishment of the Center of Contemporary Kurdish Studies.
2024 FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup – Men's tournament
The 2024 FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup – Men's tournament is the 5th edition of this championship. The event was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It was contested by 20 teams. United States are the defending champions.

Germany won their first title with a win against United States in the final.

FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup
The FIBA 3x3 U23 World Cup is a 3x3 youth international tournament sanctioned by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) since 2018 for basketball players up to 23 years old. The first edition was held in Xi'an, China in 2018. FIBA decided to launch the tournament after the hosting of the first edition of the FIBA 3x3 U23 Nations League in 2017 which was deemed a success by the international basketball body.
Catch bond
A catch bond is a type of noncovalent bond whose dissociation lifetime increases with tensile force applied to the bond. Normally, bond lifetimes are expected to diminish with force. In the case of catch bonds, the lifetime of the bond actually increases up to a maximum before it decreases like in a normal bond. Catch bonds work in a way that is conceptually similar to that of a Chinese finger trap. While catch bonds are strengthened by an increase in force, the force increase is not necessary for the bond to work. Catch bonds were suspected for many years to play a role in the rolling of leukocytes, being strong enough to roll in presence of high forces caused by high shear stresses, while avoiding getting stuck in capillaries where the fluid flow, and therefore shear stress, is low. The existence of catch bonds was debated for many years until strong evidence of their existence was found in bacteria. Definite proof of their existence came shortly thereafter in leukocytes.

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Kabiye language
Kabiye ([kàbɪ̀jɛ̀]; also rendered Kabiyé, Kabiyè, Kabye, Kabyé, Kabyè, Cabrai or Cabrais) is an Eastern Gurunsi Gur language spoken primarily in northern Togo. Throughout the 20th century, there was extensive migration to the centre and south of Togo and also to Ghana and Benin. Kabiye speakers made up over 23% of the Togolese population in 1999.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Paraavis Vityaz
The Paraavis Vityaz (Russian: "Витязь", English: "Knight") is a Russia paramotor, designed and produced by Paraavis of Moscow for powered paragliding. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Powered paragliding
Powered paragliding, also known as paramotoring or PPG, is a form of ultralight aviation where the pilot wears a back-pack motor (a paramotor) which provides enough thrust to take off using a paraglider. It can be launched in still air, and on level ground, by the pilot alone—no assistance is required.
Alfonso Albéniz
Alfonso Albéniz Jordana (11 September 1885 – 27 September 1941) was a Spanish footballer and referee, as well as a renowned chemical engineer, lecturer and later a diplomat. He is best known for being the first-ever player to play for both FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, which he achieved when he moved out from Catalonia to the Spanish capital for study purposes.

In addition to football, he also practiced cricket, tennis, cycling, and was an outstanding rugby player in France. He was one of the founders of both the College of Referees of the Center in 1914, the first college for such in Spain, and the National Committee of Referees in 1922, serving as its second and first president respectively.

1902 Copa de la Coronación
The 1902 Copa de la Coronación (Coronation Cup in English) was a football competition in honour of the coronation of Alfonso XIII of Spain. The Royal Spanish Football Federation does not recognize it as the first season of the Copa del Rey, which began the following year.

The competition was thought up after Carlos Padrós, later president of Madrid FC, suggested a football competition to celebrate the coronation of Alfonso XIII. Four other teams joined Madrid for the first competition: FC Barcelona, Club Español de Foot-Ball, Bizcaya (a combination of Athletic Club and Bilbao Football Club) and New Foot-Ball Club. The competition featured the first recorded game between Barcelona and Madrid FC, with the former emerging as 3–1 winners, courtesy of goals from Udo Steinberg and Joan Gamper.

Carlos Padrós was also the referee of the final, held at the Hipódromo in Madrid, in which Bizcaya lifted the trophy after beating Barcelona 2–1.
Hadley Bay
Hadley Bay (/ˈhædliː/ ⓘ, HAD-lee) is an Arctic waterway in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in western Viscount Melville Sound, by northern Victoria Island. It is east of Wynniatt Bay, and 250 km (160 mi) north of the community of Cambridge Bay. The northwest portion of the bay lies in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories.

Viscount Melville Sound
Viscount Melville Sound, formerly Melville Sound, is an arm of the Arctic Ocean in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut and the Inuvik Region, Northwest Territories, Canada. Forming part of the Parry Channel, it separates Victoria Island and Prince of Wales Island from the Queen Elizabeth Islands. East of the sound, via Barrow Strait, lies Lancaster Sound, leading into Baffin Bay; westward lies the M'Clure Strait and the Arctic Ocean / Beaufort Sea. The sound is a part of the Northwest Passage.

In 1854, Edward Belcher abandoned his ship, HMS Resolute, in the sound while searching for Sir John Franklin and his lost expedition. In 1855 HMS Resolute was found drifting off Baffin Island, and was later ceremonially returned to Queen Victoria.
Neblo
Neblo (pronounced [ˈneːblɔ]) is a village in the Municipality of Brda in the Littoral region of Slovenia on the border with Italy.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Parish of Šlovrenc.

Šlovrenc
Šlovrenc (pronounced [ˈʃloːu̯ɾɛnts]) is a village in the Municipality of Brda in the Littoral region of Slovenia, close to the border with Italy.

The parish church, from which the settlement also gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and belongs to the Koper Diocese.
NeosVR
NeosVR was a free-to-play, massively multiplayer online, virtual reality application created by Frooxius and operated by Solirax. It was released for free on Microsoft Windows via Steam on May 4, 2018, with support for several VR headsets.

The game allowed users to interact with one another as avatars and featured development tools for players to create in-game elements such as games and maps. It was also usable without VR in a “desktop” mode through the use of a mouse and keyboard or gamepad.

As of August 20th, 2025, online cloud services for NeosVR have been shutdown, and the game has been since delisted on Steam. Local play, LAN play, and VLAN play remain as the only options to continue playing.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Bayreuth Circle
The Bayreuth Circle (German: Der Bayreuther Kreis) was a name originally applied by some writers to devotees of Richard Wagner's music who attended and supported the annual Bayreuth Festival in the later 19th and early twentieth centuries. As some of these devotees espoused nationalistic German politics, and some of them were supporters of Adolf Hitler from the 1920s onwards, this group of people has been associated by some writers with the rise of Nazism.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Richard Staple
Richard Wayne Staple (born 25 November 1969) is a Jamaican-born former American cricketer. A right-handed batsman and off spin bowler, he was captain of the United States national cricket team at the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy, where the USA played their only One Day International (ODI) to date. He had previously played first-class and List A cricket for his native Jamaica.

Super50 Cup
The Super50 Cup, currently named the CG Insurance Super50 Cup for sponsorship purposes is the domestic one-day cricket competition in the West Indies. It was previously known as the KFC Cup until the fast food chain pulled out of sponsorship in 2008 and the WICB Cup until 2011. Afterwards it was known as the Regional Super50 until 2014 when NAGICO Insurance became the title sponsor and it became the NAGICO Regional Super50 until 2021. In recent years it has been run in a condensed format with the group stage taking place over approximately two to three weeks, immediately followed by the knock-out stages. Trinidad and Tobago have won the most titles – 14, including one shared).
Phelsuma madagascariensis
Phelsuma madagascariensis is a species of day gecko that lives in Madagascar. It is among the most widespread day geckos and is found in a wide range of habitats. With a length of up to 30.5 centimetres (12.0 in), it is also the largest day gecko in Madagascar. (The highly restricted Round Island day gecko is the only other extant species with a similar maximum length; the extinct Rodrigues giant day gecko was even larger.)

Rodrigues giant day gecko
The Rodrigues giant day gecko (Phelsuma gigas) is an extinct species of day gecko. It lived on the island of Rodrigues and surrounding islands and typically dwelt on trees. The Rodrigues giant day gecko fed on insects and nectar, and, unlike most other day geckos, was apparently nocturnal in habit.