hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Tour of Taihu Lake
The 2024 Tour of Taihu Lake was a men's road cycling stage race which took place from 9 to 13 October 2024. It was the 12th edition of the Tour of Taihu Lake, which was rated as a 2.Pro event on the 2024 UCI ProSeries calendar.

2024 UCI ProSeries
The 2024 UCI ProSeries was the fifth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 55 events, of which 33 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 22 are stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
William Turnbull (bishop)
William Turnbull (died 3 September 1454) was a Scottish politician and bishop, credited with founding Jedburgh Grammar School and the University of Glasgow. He served as the Bishop of Glasgow from 1448 to 1454 and was the first Chancellor of the University of Glasgow.

Archbishop of Glasgow
The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Catholic Church, the title was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1878. In the Scottish Episcopal Church, it is now part of the Episcopal bishopric of Glasgow and Galloway.

The present Catholic archbishop is William Nolan, who was installed on 26 February 2022.
1876 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1876 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Kansas voted for the Republican nominee, Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the state by a margin of 32.57%.

With 63.10% of the popular vote, Kansas would be Hayes' third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont and Nebraska. With 6.26% of the popular vote, the state would also prove to be Greenback candidate Peter Cooper's best performing state.

1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska
The 1876 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 7, 1876, as part of the 1876 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Nebraska voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, over the Democratic nominee, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden by a margin of 29.4%.

With 64.70% of the popular vote, Nebraska would be Hayes' second strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont.
Baie-aux-Feuilles National Park Reserve
The Réserve de parc national de la Baie-aux-Feuilles (in English: Baie-aux-Feuilles National Park Reserve) is a protected area located in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada. This 3,868.1 kilometres (2,403.53 mi) territory, set aside in 2008, aims to protect one of the most important estuaries of Nord-du-Québec, that of the rivière aux Feuilles, which knows tides of 17 meters (56 ft) in height. It is also the only region where musk ox are found in Quebec.

Nord-du-Québec
Nord-du-Québec (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ d͜zy kebɛk]; English: Northern Quebec) is the largest, but the least populous, of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada.

Spread over nearly 14 degrees of latitude, north of the 49th parallel, the region covers 860,692 km2 (332,315 sq mi) on the Labrador Peninsula, making it larger than Alberta, and slightly smaller than British Columbia or Ontario. It is just over half of the province's total land area.
Land (suffix)
The suffix -land, which can be found in the names of several countries or country subdivisions, indicates a toponymy - a land. The word derived from the Old English land, meaning "ground, soil", and "definite portion of the earth's surface, home region of a person or a people, territory marked by political boundaries". It evolved from the Proto-Germanic *landą and from the Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- "land, open land, heath".

Below is the list of places that ends with "-land" or "Lands".

Narnia (fantasy world)
Narnia is a fantasy world created by author C. S. Lewis as the primary location for his series of seven fantasy novels for children, The Chronicles of Narnia. The name is derived from the land where much of the Chronicles takes place.

In Narnia, there exist talking animals, mythical beasts abound, and magic is common. The series tracks the story of Narnia when humans, usually children, enter the Narnian world from Earth in a typical portal fantasy. The entire Narnian timeline, from its creation to its end (c. 1–2555), ran parallel to 49 Earth-years (c. 1900–1949), thus on average a year on Earth meant 52.14 time dilation years in Narnia.
2014 NPSL season
The 2014 NPSL season was the 102nd season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States, and the 12th season of the National Premier Soccer League. The season began in May 2014. RVA Football Club were the defending champions, having won their first NPSL title the previous season.

Fredericksburg FC
Fredericksburg FC was an American soccer team based in Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1986, the team played in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), a national amateur league at the fourth tier of the United States soccer league system, in the Mid-Atlantic Division. The women's team played in the Women's Premier Soccer League, a national amateur league at the second tier of the United States soccer league system, in the Colonial Division.

The club played its home games at University of Mary Washington's Battleground Athletic Complex in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The team colors are black, red and white. In 2014, NPSL side RVA Football Club merged with Fredericksburg Area Soccer Association to become Fredericksburg FC.

As of December 2017, Frederick FC was no longer listed as an active team on the NPSL's website, effectively ending the club's semi-professional team. Frederick FC continues to operate as a youth soccer organization for players ages 2 to 19.
Tal, Madhya Pradesh
Tal is a town and a nagar parishad in Ratlam District of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Raja Tariya Bhil established Tal in 1243 AD. Bhil rulers ruled here till sixteen centuries.

It is a tehsil of Ratlam district and situated near Chambal river. Before Indian independence, Tal was part of the princely state of Jaora.

Jaora
Jaora is a city and a municipality in Ratlam district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jaora is located in the Malwa region, between Ratlam and Mandsaur. It was the capital of the Jaora princely state of Jaora before Independence. During the Mourning of Muharram, thousands of people from all over the world visit the shrine of Hussain Tekri. Jains visit Jaora as a place that the Jain ascetic Rajendrasuri practiced tapasya.
2004 If Stockholm Open
The 2004 If Stockholm Open was an ATP men's tennis tournament played on hard courts and held at the Kungliga tennishallen in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the 36th edition of the event and part of the ATP International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from 25 October through 31 October 2004. Unseeded Thomas Johansson won the singles title.

2004 ATP Tour
The 2004 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2004 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organised by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Flag of Libya
The national flag of Libya (Arabic: علم ليبيا) was originally introduced in 1951, following the creation of the Kingdom of Libya. It was designed by Omar Faiek Shennib and approved by King Idris Al Senussi who comprised the UN delegation representing the three regions of Cyrenaica, Fezzan, and Tripolitania at UN unification discussions.

The flag was abolished following the fall of the Kingdom in 1969, and the leader Muammar al-Gaddafi had implemented a few other different flags since then, but it was ultimately readopted by the National Transitional Council following the fall of Gaddafi on 3 August 2011.

The flag consists of a triband red-black-green design, the central black band being twice the width of the outer bands. A white star and crescent is located in the center of the flag.

Kingdom of Libya
The Kingdom of Libya (Arabic: المملكة الليبية, romanized: Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya, lit. 'Libyan Kingdom'; Italian: Regno di Libia), known as the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, was a constitutional monarchy in North Africa that came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 from the United Kingdom  and France and lasted until a bloodless coup d'état on 1 September 1969. The coup, led by Muammar Gaddafi, overthrew King Idris and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Arve Valley
The Arve Valley (La vallée de l'Arve) is an alpine valley located in the French Haute-Savoie department. The namesake of the valley is the river at the bottom: the Arve. The valley as a whole makes up the majority of Faucigny, one of the Natural regions of France, and one of six that make up the Savoie region.

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Chimezie Metu
Chimezie Chukwudum Metu // ⓘ (born March 22, 1997) is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player who last played for FC Barcelona of the Liga ACB and EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the USC Trojans.

NBA Summer League
The NBA Summer League is a series of off-season basketball competitions in which National Basketball Association (NBA) teams come together to try out different summer rosters instead of their regular season lineups, including rookie, sophomore and G League affiliate players. The primary competition that most teams participate in, the Las Vegas NBA Summer League, has been held in the Las Vegas area since 2004. In addition, the California Classic has been hosted by the Golden State Warriors or the Sacramento Kings since 2018, and the Utah Jazz has hosted the Salt Lake City Summer League (known as the Utah Jazz Summer League from 2015 to 2019) since 2015. Previously, the Orlando Magic hosted the Orlando Pro Summer League from 2002 to 2017. All those leagues are sometimes referred to as NBA Summer League when also mentioned with its host location.
Father Brown
Father Brown is a fictional Roman Catholic priest and amateur detective. He is featured in 53 short stories by English author G. K. Chesterton, published between 1910 and 1936. Father Brown solves mysteries and crimes using his intuition and keen understanding of human nature. Chesterton loosely based him on the Rt Rev. Msgr John O'Connor (1870–1952), a parish priest in Bradford, who was involved in Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism in 1922. Since 2013, the character has been portrayed by Mark Williams in the ongoing BBC television series Father Brown.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
2004 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2004 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place on January 3–11, 2004 at the Philips Arena in Atlanta, Georgia. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.

The event was among the criteria used to select the U.S. teams for the 2004 World Championships, 2004 Four Continents Championships, and the 2004 World Figure Skating Championships.

2004 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2004 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2003–04 season. It was held at the Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, Canada on January 19–25. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The compulsory dance was the Yankee Polka.
Biology of obsessive–compulsive disorder
The biology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) refers to biologically based theories about the mechanism of OCD. Cognitive models generally fall into the category of executive dysfunction or modulatory control. Neuroanatomically, functional and structural neuroimaging studies implicate the prefrontal cortex (PFC), basal ganglia (BG), insula, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Genetic and neurochemical studies implicate glutamate and monoamine neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and dopamine.

Go/no-go
A go/no-go test is a two-step verification process that uses two boundary conditions, or a binary classification. The test is passed only when the go condition has been met and also the no-go condition has failed.

The test gives no information as to the degree of conformance to, or deviation from the boundary conditions. These tests can be used for statistical process control purposes.  There are specific SPC tools that use parameter based measurements (e.g., P-charts) for determining the stability of a process.

It has uses in engineering, psychology, military, and manufacturing. For example, a rocket launch status check involves a go/no-go test.
Great Limber
Great Limber is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 271. It is on the A18, 8 miles (13 km) west from Grimsby and 8 miles east from Brigg.

In 1885 Kelly's Directory noted a Wesleyan chapel, built in 1841. The parish of 4,970 acres (20 km2), including 936 acres (3.8 km2) of woodland, was farmed on four and five field systems, and produced chiefly wheat, barley and turnips. Its population in 1881 was 489.

Great Limber Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Peter. It is built in Norman and Decorated styles, consisting of chancel, nave, and aisles, with attached chapels and south porch, and a low crenellated west tower with three bells. The church was partly restored in 1873. Its chancel is mostly Victorian, although its arch is 13th-century as is the font. An 1890 stained glass window in the north aisle is by Kempe.

West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in Gainsborough, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Caistor and Market Rasen, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The east of the district includes part of the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Lindsey, North Kesteven, Lincoln, Newark and Sherwood and Bassetlaw.
Westerdale Preceptory
Westerdale Preceptory was a priory in Westerdale, North Yorkshire, England.  The land was donated to the Knights Templar by Guido de Bovingcourt in 1203, and was one of ten preceptories owned by the Knights Templar in Yorkshire (the others being Copmanthorpe, Cowton, Faxfleet, Foulbridge, Hirst, Newsam, Penhill, Ribston and Wetherby). The Templars worked the land and farmed at Westerdale until their suppression for heresy (among other things) in 1307–1308.

Between 1312 and 1538, the preceptory was worked by the Knights Hospitaller under the command of the preceptory at Beverley. In 1538, the preceptory was dissolved and there are no extant remains of the site.

Ribston Preceptory
Ribston Preceptory was a priory just east of the village of Little Ribston, in North Yorkshire, England on the east bank of the River Nidd. The preceptory at Ribston was founded in 1217, when Robert de Ros donated the land and advowson of Ribston to the Knights Templar.

When the Knights Templar were suppressed between 1308 and 1312, the preceptory at Ribston was granted to the Knights Hospitaller. They held it until the Dissolution in 1540, but by this point they had mostly abandoned it and it was being worked by Lay farmers.

In 1674, the now grade II* listed Ribston Hall was erected on the site, however a 13th-century chapel which adjoins the hall survives.
Aylesford Stream
The Aylesford Stream is a 5.4 kilometre long tributary of the East Stour, itself a tributary of the Great Stour in Kent. The stream's source is north of the M20, between Wye with Hinxhill and West Brabourne, and runs through Willesborough and then between Newtown and South Willesborough to join the East Stour just west of Ashford Designer Outlet.

The area along the stream forms part of a Local Nature Reserve, the Ashford Green Corridor, with pollarded willows adjacent to Bentley Road in Willesborough. Part of the area is designated as the South Willesborough Dykes, a Site of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI). The dykes continue on the east side of the East Stour and amongst the residential areas.

When High Speed 1 was built through Ashford, the stream was diverted to run alongside the railway line.

Wye with Hinxhill
Wye with Hinxhill is a hillside civil parish in the borough of Ashford northeast of Ashford, Kent itself, centred 3.7 miles (6.0 km) NNE of the town centre. The North Downs range of hills has a high escarpment on the east and west borders of the village, flanking a gap caused by the River Great Stour in the centre of the parish.

The combined village has a relatively low population and a large geographical area. The civil parish council meets monthly to administer local government resources, funding, and planning community events and facilities. It contains the main village of Wye and the much smaller Hinxhill and had a combined population of 2,300 in 2001. By the time of the 2011 Census, the population had reduced to 2,282.
2016 Suzhou Ladies Open
The 2016 Suzhou Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 5th edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Suzhou, China, on 17–23 October 2016.

Suzhou Ladies Open
The Suzhou Ladies Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts. The event is held in Suzhou, China, since 2012 until 2019 and starting again in 2025. It was classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament in 2012 and from 2015 until 2019. It was part of the WTA 125K series from 2013 to 2014 and came back to the WTA 125 Tour in 2025.
Hudson v. McMillian
Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1 (1992), is a United States Supreme Court decision where the Court on a 7–2 vote held that the use of excessive physical force against a prisoner may constitute cruel and unusual punishment even though the inmate does not suffer serious injury.

Cruel and unusual punishment
"Cruel and unusual punishment"  is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction.  The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared to the crime.
Eric Murray (cricketer)
Eric Claude Murray (18 July 1893 – 10 July 1971) was a South African cricketer who played first-class cricket for  Derbyshire in 1911 and for Transvaal between 1912 and 1923.

Murray was born Eric Claude Moses in Johannesburg, Transvaal. He was educated in England at Repton School and played three games for Derbyshire in August 1911. His debut was against Warwickshire. He made few runs and took no wickets.

Murray returned to South Africa and played for Transvaal from the 1912–13 season.  After 1913–14, his career was interrupted by the First World War. Resuming in 1919–20  he played three more seasons.

Murray was a right-hand batsman who played 18 innings in 11 first-class matches with a top score of 31 and an average of 7.35. He was a right-arm off-break bowler and took 17 first-class wickets at an average of 17.11 and a best performance of 4 for 32.

Murray died at Durban, Natal, South Africa at the age of 77.

Repton School
Repton School is a 13–18 co-educational, private, boarding and day school in the public school tradition, in Repton, Derbyshire, England.

Sir John Port of Etwall, on his death in 1557, left funds to create a grammar school which was then established at the Repton Priory. For its first 400 years, the school accepted only boys; girls were admitted from the 1970s, and the school was fully co-educational by the 1990s.

Notable alumni, also known as "Old Reptonians", include C. B. Fry, Harold Abrahams, Christopher Isherwood, Jeremy Clarkson, Andy Wilman, Roald Dahl, Adrian Newey and Archbishop Lord Ramsey of Canterbury.
Centroplacaceae
Centroplacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. The family comprises two genera: Bhesa, which was formerly recognized in the Celastraceae, and Centroplacus, which was formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae, together comprising six species. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group determined that based on previous phylogenetic analysis, these two genera formed an isolated clade and recognition of the family was "reasonable."

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.