hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Numberphile
Numberphile is an educational YouTube channel featuring videos that explore topics from a variety of fields of mathematics. In the early days of the channel, each video focused on a specific number, but the channel has since expanded its scope, featuring videos on more advanced mathematical concepts such as Fermat's Last Theorem, the Riemann hypothesis and Kruskal's tree theorem. The videos are produced by Brady Haran, a former BBC video journalist and creator of Periodic Videos, Sixty Symbols, and several other YouTube channels. Videos on the channel feature several university professors, maths communicators and famous mathematicians.

In 2018, Haran released a spin-off audio podcast titled The Numberphile Podcast.

Periodic Videos
Periodic Videos (also known as The Periodic Table of Videos) is a video project and YouTube channel on chemistry. It consists of a series of videos about chemical elements and the periodic table, with additional videos on other topics in chemistry and related fields. They are published on YouTube and produced by Brady Haran, a former BBC video journalist, mainly featuring Sir Martyn Poliakoff, Peter Licence, Stephen Liddle, Debbie Kays, Neil Barnes, Sam Tang, and other scientists at the University of Nottingham.
Mahler volume
In convex geometry, the Mahler volume of a centrally symmetric convex body is a dimensionless quantity that is associated with the body and is invariant under linear transformations. It is named after German-English mathematician Kurt Mahler. It is known that the shapes with the largest possible Mahler volume are the balls and solid ellipsoids; this is now known as the Blaschke–Santaló inequality. The still-unsolved Mahler conjecture states that the minimum possible Mahler volume is attained by a hypercube.

Convex body
In mathematics, a convex body in -dimensional Euclidean space  is a compact convex set with non-empty interior. Some authors do not require a non-empty interior, merely that the set is non-empty.

A convex body  is called symmetric if it is centrally symmetric with respect to the origin; that is to say, a point  lies in  if and only if its antipode,  also lies in  Symmetric convex bodies are in a one-to-one correspondence with the unit balls of norms on

Some commonly known examples of convex bodies are the Euclidean ball, the hypercube and the cross-polytope.
2025 Brisbane International – Women's singles
Aryna Sabalenka defeated Polina Kudermetova in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2025 Brisbane International. It was her 18th career WTA Tour singles title.

Elena Rybakina was the reigning champion, but chose to compete at the United Cup instead.

2025 United Cup
The 2025 United Cup was the third edition of the United Cup, an international outdoor hard court mixed-gender team tennis tournament held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Serving as the opener for the 2025 ATP Tour and the 2025 WTA Tour, it was held from 27 December 2024 to 5 January 2025 at two venues in the Australian cities of Perth and Sydney. It offered both ATP rankings and WTA rankings points to its players: a player was able to win a maximum of 500 points.

Team United States won their second title, after defeating Team Poland 2–0 in the final. Team Germany was the defending champion, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by Team Kazakhstan.
Samphire Island
Samphire Island is a small shell-grit island, with an area of 3.3 ha, in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of Tasmania’s Great Dog Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait between Flinders and Cape Barren Islands in the Furneaux Group.  It is surrounded by mudflats at low tide.

Cape Barren Island
Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island, is a 478-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at 715 metres (2,346 ft). The name of the island derives from the cape on the south-eastern point of the island, which was named "Cape Barren"  by Tobias Furneaux in March 1773. Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island. The number of permanent residents is variously estimated around 65-80 (2021/2025), most of whom live in a settlement called "The Corner".
Caranga
Caranga is one of eight parishes in Proaza, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 14.32 km2 (5.53 sq mi) in size with a population of 87 (INE 2005).

Proaza
Proaza is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Santo Adriano and Grado, on the south by Teverga and Quirós, on the west by Yernes y Tameza and Teverga, and on the east by Quirós.
Situated approach (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence research, the situated approach builds agents that are designed to behave effectively successfully in their environment. This requires designing AI "from the bottom-up" by focussing on the basic perceptual and motor skills required to survive. The situated approach gives a much lower priority to abstract reasoning or problem-solving skills.

The approach was originally proposed as an alternative to traditional approaches (that is, approaches popular before 1985 or so).
After several decades, classical AI technologies started to face intractable issues (e.g. combinatorial explosion) when confronted with real-world modeling problems. All approaches to address these issues focus on modeling intelligences situated in an environment. They have become known as the situated approach to AI.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre military pistol
The men's 25 metre military pistol was one of the five sport shooting events on the 1896 Summer Olympics shooting programme. 16 competitors from four nations entered the military pistol match, held on 10 April. Each shot thirty rounds in five strings of six at a target 25 metres away. The winner, John Paine of the United States, hit the target 25 times. His brother, Sumner Paine, hit the target 23 times. They used American-made military Colt revolvers.

Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics
At the 1896 Summer Olympics, five sport shooting events were contested.  These events took place at the newly constructed shooting range at Kallithea. They were organized and prepared by the Sub-Committee for Shooting. Sixty-one shooters from seven nations competed.
The Dam Busters (book)
The Dam Busters is a 1951 non-fiction book by Paul Brickhill about Royal Air Force 617 Squadron
originally commanded by Wing Commander Guy Gibson V.C. during World War II. The squadron became known as the "Dam Busters" because of Operation Chastise, a mission using highly specialised bombs to destroy Ruhr dams in Germany.

The book also covers the subsequent history of 617 Squadron, as an elite squadron specialising in attacking difficult targets with outsize weapons and precision techniques. Among Gibson's successors as commander was Group Captain Leonard Cheshire VC, and the book describes Cheshire's unorthodox leadership style and innovative target-marking techniques.

Guy Gibson
Wing Commander Guy Penrose Gibson, VC, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar (12 August 1918 – 19 September 1944) was a distinguished bomber pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was the first Commanding Officer of No. 617 Squadron, which he led in the "Dam Busters" raid in 1943, resulting in the breaching of two large dams in the Ruhr area of Germany. He was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, in the aftermath of the raid in May 1943 and became the most highly decorated British serviceman at that time. He completed over 170 war operations before being killed in action at the age of 26.
Archigenes (butterfly)
Archigenes is a genus of metalmark butterflies found in Asia. Species in the genus were formerly placed in the genu Abisara but a phylogenetic study found the genus to be polyphyletic requiring the separation of some under the genus Archigenes that form a distinct clade within the Nemeobiinae.

Species placed within this genus include:

Archigenes aita (De Niceville, 1893)

Archigenes atlas (de Nicéville, 1895)

Archigenes attenuata (Tytler, 1915)

Archigenes chela (Guérin, 1843)

Archigenes miyazakii (K. Saito & T. Saito, 2005)

Archigenes neophron (Guérin, 1843)

Archigenes savitri (Guérin, 1843)

Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic (Afriodinia, Saribia), and Indomalayan realms.
WHFS (historic)
WHFS was the call sign for three successive FM stations in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore markets that broadcast on various frequencies for nearly 50 years. The first station in the area to broadcast in FM stereo, it was a long-time progressive rock station.

WESP (FM)
WESP (106.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Jupiter, Florida. It airs a sports radio format, and is owned by Good Karma Brands, The station's studios are in West Palm Beach and the transmitter tower is in Riviera Beach.

The station is licensed to HD Radio, but is not currently broadcasting in HD.
Krušni Vrh
Krušni Vrh (pronounced [ˈkɾuːʃni ˈʋəɾx]) is a small settlement in the hills west of Trebnje in the Lower Carniola region of Slovenia. The Municipality of Trebnje is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Trebnje
Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾéːbnjɛ] ⓘ, German: Treffen) is a town in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the Temenica River in the traditional region of Lower Carniola, and is the seat of the Municipality of Trebnje.

The area was already settled in Antiquity. The modern settlement developed on the main regional road and railway line from Ljubljana to Novo Mesto. The old town center with the parish church stands slightly raised on the left bank of Temenica River, and the new part extends to the north from the railway line and the regional road toward Novo Mesto.
Society of Arcueil
The Society of Arcueil was a circle of French scientists who met regularly on summer weekends between 1806 and 1822 at the country houses of Claude Louis Berthollet and Pierre Simon Laplace at Arcueil, then a village 3 miles south of Paris.

Pierre Louis Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong FRS FRSE (/duːˈlɒŋ, -ˈloʊŋ/; French: [dylɔ̃]; 12 February 1785 – 19 July 1838) was a French physicist and chemist. He is remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit, although he was much-lauded by his contemporaries for his studies into the elasticity of steam, conduction of heat, and specific heats of gases. He worked most extensively on the specific heat capacity and the expansion and refractive indices of gases. His collaboration with Alexis Thérèse Petit led to the discovery of the Dulong–Petit law on heat capacity.
2013 Speedway Grand Prix of Italy
The 2013 Speedway Grand Prix of Italy was the eighth round of the 2013 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 3 August 2013 at the Pista Olimpia Terenzano in Terenzano, Italy.

It was the 10th time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Italy had been held.

The Grand Prix was by the Danish rider Niels Kristian Iversen (his inaugural career Grand Prix win).

2013 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2013 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 68th edition of the official World Championship and the 19th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, deciding the FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the thirteenth series under the promotion of Benfield Sports International, an IMG company.

The British rider Tai Woffinden became world champion, making him the first British rider to win the gold medal since Mark Loram in the 2000 Speedway Grand Prix. Jarosław Hampel won his third world championship medal, while Danish rider Niels Kristian Iversen won his first medal finishing third in the series.
Brainard, California
40°48′43″N 124°06′37″W﻿ / ﻿40.81194°N 124.11028°W﻿ / 40.81194; -124.11028

Brainard is an unincorporated community in Humboldt County, California. It is located on the Northwestern Pacific Railroad 4 miles (6.4 km) south-southwest of Arcata, at an elevation of 7 feet (2 m).

Arcata, California
Arcata (/ɑːrˈkeɪ.tə/; Wiyot: Goudi’ni; Yurok: Oket'oh) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union, was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), and is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km2) of public land in Northwestern California.
Vaughan Fire and Rescue Services
Vaughan Fire and Rescue Services (VFRS) provides fire protection, technical rescue services, hazardous materials response, and first responder emergency medical assistance to the city of Vaughan, Ontario. It operates 10 fire stations and coordinates with other fire departments in York Region and the Greater Toronto Area. VFRS received a 100 per cent satisfaction rating in the City of Vaughan’s 2018 Citizen Survey.

False alarm
A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources (such as emergency services) to a place where they are not needed. False alarms may occur with residential burglary alarms, smoke detectors, industrial alarms, fire alarms and in signal detection theory.  False alarms have the potential to divert emergency responders away from legitimate emergencies, which could ultimately lead to loss of life. In some cases, repeated false alarms in a certain area may cause occupants to develop alarm fatigue and to start ignoring most alarms, knowing that each time it will probably be false. Intentionally falsely activating alarms in businesses and schools can lead to serious disciplinary actions, and criminal penalties such as fines and jail time.
Namo Bharat
Namo Bharat, is a rapid rail system operated by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) in India's National Capital Region (NCR). It is India's first regional rapid transit system and it has been envisioned to replace the conventional non-air-conditioned MEMU-operated local train network with a rapid rail system. The Namo Bharat semi-high-speed trainsets  have an average speed of 100 km/h (62 mph).

Germany's Deutsche Bahn won the contract to operate and maintain the entire Delhi–Meerut rapid rail transit corridor for 12 years, with a bid valued at approximately ₹1,500 crores (roughly US$178 million).

Alstom
Alstom SA (French: [alstɔm]) is a French multinational rail transport systems manufacturer. It is active in the fields of passenger transportation, rail services, signalling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams.

The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom) were formed by a merger between the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (Als) and Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (thom) in 1928. Significant acquisitions later included the Constructions Électriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (late 1980s).
Handball Federation of Uzbekistan
The Handball Federation of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Gandbol Federatsiyasi) (HFU) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Founded in 1991, HFU is a member of Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Manjirenji Dam
Manjirenji Dam, formerly known as Lake McDougal, lies in south eastern Zimbabwe, east of Masvingo.  It was built to provide irrigation water to the farming estates on the lowveld to the southwest, around the town of Chiredzi, where the main crop has been sugar cane.

The lake and environs are protected as Manjirenji Dam Recreational Park.

Masvingo
Masvingo, formerly known as Fort Victoria, is a city in southeastern Zimbabwe and the capital of Masvingo Province. The city lies close to Great Zimbabwe, the national monument from which the country takes its name and close to Lake Mutirikwi, its recreational park, the Kyle dam and the Kyle National Reserve that is home to a range of animal species. It is mostly populated by the Karanga people who form the biggest branch of the various Shona tribes in Zimbabwe.
Peter of Friuli
Peter or Petrus was the reputed son of Munichis and brother of one Ursus. Paul the Deacon records that Munichis died in the same battle as Ferdulf, Duke of Friuli, and that his son Peter and Ursus later became dukes of Friuli and Benevento respectively. The date of Peter's reign is unknown, but has been hypothesised as following that of Aistulf or Anselm in 756 or 751 and lasted until the Siege of Pavia.

Aistulf
Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; Latin: Aistulfus, Italian: Astolfo; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the Liber Pontificalis, he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty.
2020 Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer tournament
The 2020 Missouri Valley men's soccer tournament was the 31st edition of the Missouri Valley Conference Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Missouri Valley Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2020 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer tournament
The Missouri Valley Conference men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC).  The tournament has been held every year since the MVC began men's soccer competition in 1991. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season conference records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship.

Creighton is the most winning team of the competition with 13 titles.
Phazaca kellersi
Phazaca kellersi is a species of moth of the family Uraniidae first described by Willie Horace Thomas Tams in 1935. It is found in Samoa and was described by two specimen from Tutuila collected by H.C. Kellers.

Uraniidae
The Uraniidae are a family of moths containing four subfamilies, 90 genera, and roughly 700 species.  The family is distributed throughout the tropics of the Americas, Africa and Indo-Australia.  Some of the tropical species are known for their bright, butterfly-like colors and are called sunset moths (for example Chrysiridia rhipheus).  Such moths are apparently toxic and the bright colors are a warning to predators.

The family Uraniidae contains both diurnal and nocturnal species.  The day-flying species are usually more strikingly colored and vibrant than the nocturnal ones.  Many diurnal species also have iridescent scales and multiple tails, which often led them to be mistaken for butterflies.  In sharp contrast, the nocturnal species are generally small, pale-colored insects.  The Uraniidae are similar to the geometer moths, to which they are related, but a different wing veining pattern distinguishes them.
German frigate Emden (F221)
Emden (F221) was the second ship of the Köln-class frigates and the fourth ship to serve in one of the navies of Germany named after the city of Emden in the German state of Lower Saxony. Her predecessor was the light cruiser Emden which served in the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic and later the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during the Second World War.

In 1983 the Emden was decommissioned and sold to the Turkish Navy where she was renamed the Gemlik and saw service until 1994 when she was decommissioned and  scrapped. The Emden has been followed up by two more ships of the same name in the German Navy, the frigate Emden that entered service in 1983 and a corvette expected to be commissioned in 2025.

Köln-class frigate
The F120 or Köln class was a six-ship class of frigates operated by the Bundesmarine. The ships of this class were the first major warships built in Germany after World War II.

They were the world's first ships to feature a combined diesel and gas propulsion system. The ships were mainly constructed for anti-submarine warfare. All of the class' ships received numerous refits during their long careers with new electronics and torpedo tubes being fitted. They were eventually replaced by Type 122 frigates in the 1980s with Braunschweig being the last to be decommissioned in 1989. Four ships of the class were sold to the Turkish Navy.