hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Permanent residency in Singapore
Permanent residency in Singapore is an immigration status in Singapore, second only to Singaporean citizens in terms of privileges. Collectively, both Singaporean citizens and permanent residents form the country's resident population and are calculated together in terms of census data and statistics.

A permanent resident (PR) of Singapore has most of the rights, privileges, obligations and responsibilities that citizens do, including National Service (NS) obligations for first (when applying as students) and second generation males as well as compulsory Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions, among others.

However, notable exceptions include not being able to vote in elections or to hold public office, more limited public benefits such as education, medical and housing benefits, lower public government and government-aided school placement priorities as well as some limits on driving for transport services, among others.

Immigration and Checkpoints Authority
The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) is a law enforcement agency within the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the border control agency responsible for frontline border control operations at air, sea and rail ports in Singapore.

ICA was formed on 1 April 2003 after the restructuring of the preceding agencies responsible for customs and immigration control, the Singapore Immigration and Registration (SIR) and the Customs and Excise Department (CED). It is accountable directly to the MHA, which is under the purview of the Government of Singapore and its relevant ministers.

Its responsibilities include immigration and customs controls and the screening of passengers, freight and port staff at the country's rail, air and sea ports, as well as dozens of smaller airstrips, ports and marinas. In addition, their duties also include counter-terrorism, part of which is to detect and deter the illicit importation of radioactive and nuclear material by terrorists or criminals.
Narrative Science
Narrative Science was a natural language generation company based in Chicago, Illinois, that specialized in data storytelling. As of December 17, 2021, Narrative Science was acquired by Salesforce and has been integrated into Salesforce's Tableau Software.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Road Warrior Hawk
Michael James Hegstrand (January 26, 1957 – October 19, 2003) was an American professional wrestler. He was best known as Road Warrior Hawk, one half of the tag team known as the Road Warriors (or the "Legion of Doom"), with Road Warrior Animal. Outside of the Road Warriors, Hawk was a sporadic challenger for world heavyweight championships on pay-per-view from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He headlined the inaugural 1993 edition of Extreme Championship Wrestling's premier annual event, November to Remember.

WCW World Tag Team Championship
The WCW World Tag Team Championship, originally known as the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version), was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and later the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the original world tag team title of WCW that existed from 1975 under the Jim Crockett Promotions banner until its closure in 2001.

After the acquisition of WCW's assets by the WWF in March 2001, it became one of two tag team titles in the WWF, with its name being immediately abbreviated to the WCW Tag Team Championship. It continued to complement the then-WWF Tag Team Championship until November 2001, when both titles were unified.
Corey Palumbo
Corey Lee Palumbo (born August 16, 1972) is an American attorney and politician who represented the 17th district of the West Virginia Senate from January 14, 2009 until December 1, 2020. He previously served as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from 2003 to 2009. Palumbo did not run for reelection in the November 3, 2020 general election and was succeeded by West Virginia State Delegate Eric Nelson. Nelson was officially sworn in on December 1, 2020, before Palumbo's term was due to end.

He is the son of Mario Palumbo, the 32nd Attorney General of West Virginia as well as a former five-term state senator. Palumbo graduated from West Virginia University in 1994, and graduated from University of North Carolina's law school in 1998. He was hired as an attorney for Bowles, Rice, McDavid, Graff and Love that same year.

Eric Nelson (West Virginia politician)
Fredrik Eric Nelson Jr. (born December 4, 1960, in Charleston, West Virginia) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the West Virginia House of Delegates, having represented District 35 from January 12, 2013, until December 1, 2020. Nelson served consecutively from January 2011 until January 2013 in the District 30 seat.
After his tenure in the West Virginia House of Delegates, he went on to run for District 17 in the West Virginia Senate, which he subsequently won in November 3, 2020 general election. He served as a State Senator from 2020 to 2025, when he was appointed as revenue secretary in the administration of Governor Patrick Morrisey.
Ralt
Ralt was a manufacturer of single-seater racing cars, founded by ex-Jack Brabham associate Ron Tauranac after he sold out his interest in Brabham to Bernie Ecclestone. Ron and his brother had built some specials in Australia in the 1950s under the Ralt name (standing for Ron and Austin Lewis Tauranac). Tauranac won the 1954 NSW Hillclimb Championship in the Ralt 500.

Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.
Tragon
Tragon is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Tragon lugens (White, 1858)

Tragon mimicus (Bates, 1890)

Tragon pulcher Breuning, 1942

Tragon signaticornis (Chevrolat, 1855)

Tragon silaceoides Lepesme, 1952

Tragon suturalis (Pascoe, 1864)

Tragon signaticornis
Tragon signaticornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chevrolat in 1855. It is known from Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Cameroon, Sierra Leone, the Ivory Coast, and Togo.
Ponta das Bicudas
Ponta das Bicudas is a headland in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is 3 km east of the city centre of Praia, near the neighbourhood Achada Grande Tras. The Praia Harbour lies west of the headland.

Praia
Praia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐ], Portuguese for "beach") is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde. Located on the southern coast of Santiago island within the Sotavento Islands group, the city is the seat of the Praia Municipality. Praia is the political, economic and cultural center of Cape Verde.
Energy autarkic/autonomic habitats
Autarky can be defined as the quality of being self-sufficient, thus energy-autarkic habitats are human dwellings which are independent concerning energy consumption for living.  This may be based on resource efficiency, choice of building materials, living space, and so forth. Autonomic habitats are similar but reflect the fact that the person desires to act morally solely for the sake of doing "good", independently of other incentives. Subsistence agriculture can be considered a form of autarkic living. With the advent of industrialization networks for energy were set up, which led to dependency, but made life easier in many respects. Autarkic living can be seen as a trend "back to the roots": using renewable energy and being independent of coal, gas and oil.

Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu or  illu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ [iɣˈlu]; plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ [iɣluˈit]), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of suitable snow.

Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit, they were traditionally used only by the people of Canada's Central Arctic and the Qaanaaq area of Greenland. Other Inuit tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides.

Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. Known as the igloo effect, on the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside, the temperature may range from −7 to 16 °C (19 to 61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone.
Operation Falcon (USFWS operation)
Operation Falcon was an undercover operation conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Canadian Wildlife Service from 1982–1984.  The investigation into the illegal sale of federally protected birds resulted in 63 people being tried or taking a plea bargain.  Of the cases that went to trial, there were 5 acquittals, 5 felony convictions, 44 misdemeanor convictions and 1 civil conviction. Jeff McPartlin, a falconer who was reported to be integral to the operation, received the Monitor award for his work.  He was later ejected from the North American Falconers Association because officials from the group felt "the man had deceived people".  Many falconers were upset at the tactics used during the investigation and felt that the sting inappropriately targeted bystanders rather than professional long term smugglers.

North American Falconers Association
The North American Falconers Association (NAFA) is a falconry organization composed primarily of falconers.

Founded in 1961 by Hal Webster, Frank Beebe (the authors of "North American Falconry And Hunting Hawks") and other prominent falconers of the time, NAFA is a not-for-profit private association formed to:

Provide communication among, and to disseminate information to, interested members.

Promote scientific study of the raptorial species, their care, welfare and training.

Promote conservation of the birds of prey and an appreciation of their value in nature and in wildlife conservation programs.

Urge recognition of falconry as a legal field sport.

Establish traditions which will aid, perpetuate and further the welfare of falconry and the raptors it uses.

NAFA hosts an annual meet. The location varies (generally tending to be in the Western half of the US), but is generally held during the week of Thanksgiving, in late November.
Lethal synthesis
Lethal synthesis, or suicide metabolism, is the biosynthesis of a toxin from a precursor which is not itself toxic, such as the synthesis of fluorocitrate from fluoroacetate or the synthesis of methylglyoxal from glycerol.

The term was first publicised by Rudolph Peters in his Croonian Lecture of 1951.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Glasgow (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Glasgow was one of them.

Glasgow Springburn (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Springburn was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until the 2005 general election, when it was largely replaced by the Glasgow North East constituency.

The last and longest-serving Member of Parliament, Michael Martin, formerly a member of the Labour Party, was elected Speaker of the House of Commons in 2000 and held the post until his resignation in 2009. By convention, the major parties (Labour, Conservative Party and Liberal Democrats) do not stand against a sitting Speaker in a general election, and in the 2001 and 2005 general elections he stood as "Speaker seeking re-election." Other parties, including the Scottish National Party, however, continued to contest the seat.
Bob Ritter
Bob Ritter (born March 24, 1960) is a retired American football coach. He was head football coach at Middlebury College, a position he held from the 2001 season to the 2022 season.  His career began following the retirement of Mickey Heinecken, and he was replaced by Doug Mandigo. Ritter compiled a 112–61 record and won three New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) championships, in 2007, 2013 and 2019.

In 2019, Middlebury became the first team in NESCAC football history to finish with a 9–0 record, as the Panthers captured their fourth NESCAC title. The 2019 Middlebury squad joined the 8–0 teams of 1936 and 1972 as the only undefeated teams in school history. Ritter was awarded the 2019 D3football.com All-East Region Coach of the Year and 2019 Gridiron Club of Greater Boston - New England Division III Coach of the Year.

Mickey Heinecken
Michael G. "Mickey" Heinecken (born January 25, 1939) is an American former college football, lacrosse, and tennis coach. He served as the head football coach at Middlebury College from 1973 to 2000, compiling  a record of 126–96–2.  He has the most wins and longest tenure of any head coach in the history of the Middlebury Panthers football program. In his final season, Heinecken guided the Panthers to a New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) co-championship. Heinecken played college football at the University of Delaware from 1958 to 1960.
Acriflavine
Acriflavine (INN: acriflavinium chloride) is a topical antiseptic. It has the form of an orange or brown powder. It may be harmful in the eyes or if inhaled. It is a dye and it stains the skin and may irritate. The hydrochloride form is more irritating than the neutral form.
It is derived from acridine.  Commercial preparations are often mixtures with proflavine. It is known by a variety of commercial names.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
El Ràfol d'Almúnia
El Ràfol d'Almúnia (Valencian: [el ˈrafol dalˈmunia]; Spanish: Ráfol de Almunia [ˈrafol dalˈmunja]) is a municipality in the comarca of Marina Alta in the Valencian Community, Spain.

It is situated in the northern part of the province of Alicante, and numbers some 635 inhabitants according to the 2007 Spanish National Census (INE).

Marina Alta
Marina Alta (Valencian: [maˈɾina ˈalta]; Spanish: [maˈɾina ˈalta]; lit. "Upper Marina") is a central and coastal comarca of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain. The comarca is located in the area of Alicante (Alacant) and its capital and largest settlement is the city of Dénia.

Marina Alta borders the comarca of Safor to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east, the comarca of Marina Baixa to the south and Comtat to the west.

Marina Alta and Marina Baixa are commonly referred to as Les Marines.

Coastal towns such as Calp, Dénia and Xàbia rely heavily on tourism, while inland towns are more dependent on agriculture and other general commerce.
Bairdemys
Bairdemys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtles in the family Podocnemididae. The genus existed from the Late Oligocene to Late Miocene and its fossils have been found in South Carolina, Puerto Rico, Panama and Venezuela. The genus was described in 2002 by Gaffney & Wood and the type species is B. hartsteini.

Chattian
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27.3 and 23.04 Ma. The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage of the Miocene).
Jeremiah 41
Jeremiah 41 is the forty-first chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapter 41 recounts the murder of Gedaliah, the Babylonian governor of occupied Judah, and the chaotic situation which followed this event. Jeremiah himself is not mentioned in this chapter.

Jeremiah 44
Jeremiah 44 is the forty-fourth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to the present one. Chapters 42-44 describe the emigration to Egypt involving the remnant who remained in Judah after much of the population was exiled to Babylon. The Jerusalem Bible describes this chapter as "the last episode of Jeremiah's ministry".
Samuel Arbuckle
Samuel Arbuckle (1804-1874) was an early California politician and pioneer to Los Angeles. He served on the first Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors in 1852. He also served as the first Chair of Los Angeles County in 1852.

The first County Supervisors in 1852 for Los Angeles were Jefferson Hunt, Julian A. Chavez, Francisco P. Temple, Manuel Requena, and Samuel Arbuckle.

Manuel Requena
Manuel Requena (1802–1876) was a Yucatán-born Californio politician who served multiple terms as Alcalde of Los Angeles (Mayor of Los Angeles). Requena became active in Los Angeles politics in the 1830s, during the Mexican era, and continued serving after the American Conquest of California until his death in the 1850s. He was the first Republican mayor of Los Angeles.
Sumar (electoral platform)
Sumar (English: "Unite", "Add up" or "Sum") is an electoral platform established ahead of the 2023 Spanish general election, founded by Spanish second deputy prime minister and labour minister Yolanda Díaz, provisionally registered as an association on 28 March 2022 and publicly unveiled on 18 May. After a series of nationwide public events from July 2022 to 25 March 2023, the association launched its manifesto and officially announced Díaz's candidacy for the election on 2 April. On 30 May 2023, the association registered as a political party under the name Movimiento Sumar (English: "Unite Movement"; MS), and then was registered as an electoral alliance joined by other parties (such as United Left, Más Madrid, Coalició Compromís, Catalunya en Comú and, temporarily, Podemos).

Ministry of Equality (Spain)
The Ministry of Equality (Spanish: Ministerio de Igualdad) is a department of the Government of Spain responsible for the proposal and execution of the government's policy on equality, with a focus on making the equality between men and women real and effective as well as prevention and eradication of different forms of violence against women. The department's roles also include eradication of all kind of discrimination by sex, racial and ethnic origin, religion or ideology, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, disability or any other personal or social condition or circumstances. It existed from 2008 to 2010 when it merged with the Ministry of Health, and then from 2020.
Rouxville (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Rouxville was a constituency in the Orange Free State Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1924. Named after the town of Rouxville, the seat covered a rural area in the south of the province, along the border with the Cape Province and Lesotho. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Antonio Cabán Vale
Antonio Cabán Vale, (November 22, 1942 – July 23, 2024), also known as "El Topo", was a guitarist, singer and composer of Puerto Rican folkloric themes. He was one of the founders of the "new song" movement (Spanish: nueva canción) of the early 1970s. His danza Verde Luz (Green Light) became a popular symbol of national dignity, to the point that it is viewed by many as almost a second national anthem, and has been interpreted by international singers.

Moca, Puerto Rico
Moca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmoka]) is a bot and municipality of Puerto Rico, located in the north-western region of the island, north of Añasco; southeast of Alejandrodilla; east of Aguada; and west of Isabela and San Sebastián. Moca is spread over 12 barrios and Moca Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center). It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The name comes from the Moca tree (Andira inermis) which are very common in this region.

The Moca tree was officially adopted as the representative tree of the town on February 19, 1972. Moca is famous for its Mundillo lace. Mundillo is a Puerto Rican-style of handmade bobbin lace. Mundillo almost synonymous with the small town of Moca.
Tyron Woodley
Tyron Lakent Woodley (born April 7, 1982) is an American professional mixed martial artist and professional boxer. He is a former UFC Welterweight Champion who defended his title four times. A professional since 2009, Woodley also competed at Strikeforce and was an NCAA Division I collegiate wrestler for the Missouri Tigers, becoming a two-time All-American and Big 12 Conference champion.

ShoMMA
ShoMMA: Strikeforce Challengers is a mixed martial arts series that was produced by the mixed martial arts organization Strikeforce and the Showtime cable network.  Similar to Showtime's earlier ShoXC, the purpose of the series was to highlight up and coming MMA fighters.

Strikeforce Challengers was discontinued with the 2012 Strikeforce deal.