hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hypernucleus
A hypernucleus is similar to a conventional atomic nucleus, but contains at least one hyperon in addition to the normal protons and neutrons. Hyperons are a category of baryon particles that carry non-zero strangeness quantum number, which is conserved by the strong and electromagnetic interactions.

A variety of reactions give access to depositing one or more units of strangeness in a nucleus. Hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the lambda (Λ), tend to be more tightly bound than normal nuclei, though they can decay via the weak force with a mean lifetime of around 200 ps. Sigma (Σ) hypernuclei have been sought, as have doubly-strange nuclei containing xi baryons (Ξ) or two Λ's.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Tofiq Bahramov
Tofiq Bahramov (Azerbaijani: Tofiq Bəhramov; Russian: Тофик Бахрамов; 29 January 1925 – 26 March 1993) was a Soviet footballer and football referee from Azerbaijan.

He was the linesman who helped to award England's controversial third goal in the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final against West Germany. He came to be wrongly referred to as "the Russian linesman" in England as a result of his decision and his Soviet citizenship, although he was not Russian but Azerbaijani.

After his death in 1993, Azerbaijan's then national stadium was renamed the Tofiq Bahramov Republican Stadium in his honor.

Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan
The Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan (AFFA; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Futbol Federasiyaları Assosiasiyası, AFFA) is the governing body of football in Azerbaijan. Formed in 1992, it is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the amateur and professional game in its territory. AFFA is a member of both UEFA and FIFA.

AFFA sanctions all competitive football matches within its remit at national level, and indirectly at local level through the AFFA Amateur League. It runs numerous competitions, the most famous of which is the Azerbaijan Cup. It is also responsible for appointing the management of the men's, women's and youth national football teams and leagues.
Scherzos (Chopin)
Frédéric Chopin's four scherzos (or scherzi) are single-movement pieces for solo piano, composed between 1833 and 1843. They are often linked to Chopin's four ballades, composed in roughly the same period; these works are examples of large scale autonomous musical pieces, composed within the classical framework, but surpassing previous expressive and technical limitations. Unlike the classical model, the musical form adopted by Chopin is not characterised by humour or elements of surprise, but by highly charged "gestures of despair and demonic energy". Commenting on the first scherzo, Robert Schumann wrote: "How is 'gravity' to clothe itself if 'jest' goes about in dark veils?"

Ballades (Chopin)
Frédéric Chopin's four Ballades are single-movement pieces for solo piano, composed between 1831 and 1842. They are considered to be some of the most important and challenging pieces in the standard piano repertoire.
Klang (Stockhausen)
Klang (pronounced [klaŋ]), also known as The 24 Hours of the Day (German: Die 24 Stunden des Tages) is a cycle of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen, on which he worked from 2004 until his death in 2007. It was intended to consist of 24 chamber-music compositions, each representing one hour of the day, with a different colour systematically assigned to every hour. The cycle was unfinished when the composer died, so that the last three "hours" are lacking. The 21 completed pieces include solos, duos, trios, a septet, and Stockhausen's last entirely electronic composition, Cosmic Pulses. The fourth composition is a theatre piece for a solo percussionist, and there are also two auxiliary compositions which are not part of the main cycle. The completed works bear the work (opus) numbers 81–101.

Wilhelm Ostwald
Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɔstˌvalt] ⓘ; 2 September [O.S. 21 August] 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher.  Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst and Svante Arrhenius.
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributions to the fields of catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities.

Following his 1906 retirement from academic life, Ostwald became much involved in philosophy, art, and politics. He made significant contributions to each of these fields. He has been described as a polymath.
Maurerische Trauermusik
The Maurerische Trauermusik (Masonic Funeral Music) in C minor, K. 477 (K. 479a), is an orchestral work composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1785 in his capacity as a member of the Freemasons.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Berlin State Library.

C minor
C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, and B♭. Its key signature consists of three flats. Its relative major is E♭ major and its parallel major is C major.

The C natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Foi magia", written by Paulo Neves, and performed by Sofia Vitória. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2004 in order to select its entry for the contest. The competition consisted of two shows on 18 and 25 January 2004 where the winner was selected exclusively by public televoting. "Foi magia" performed by Sofia Vitória emerged as the winner with 39,072 votes.

Portugal competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2004. Performing during the show in position 7, "Foi magia" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Portugal placed fifteenth out of the 22 participating countries in the semi-final with 38 points.

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 with the song "O meu coração não tem cor" composed by Pedro Osório, with lyrics by José Fanha, and performed by Lúcia Moniz. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), organised the national final Festival RTP da Canção 1996 in order to select its entry for the contest. The competition took place on 7 March 1996 where "O meu coração não tem cor" performed by Lúcia Moniz emerged as the winner following the votes from ten regional juries.

The song competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 18 May 1996. Performing during the show in position 4, it placed sixth out of the 23 participating songs from different countries, scoring 92 points.
Coanalytic set
In the mathematical discipline of descriptive set theory, a coanalytic set is a set (typically a set of real numbers or more generally a subset of a Polish space) that is the complement of an analytic set (Kechris 1994:87). Coanalytic sets are also referred to as  sets (see projective hierarchy).

Projective hierarchy
In the mathematical field of descriptive set theory, a subset  of a Polish space  is projective if it is  for some positive integer .  Here  is

if  is analytic

if the complement of , , is

if there is a Polish space  and a  subset  such that  is the projection of  onto ; that is,

The choice of the Polish space  in the third clause above is not very important; it could be replaced in the definition by a fixed uncountable Polish space, say Baire space or Cantor space or the real line.
London Museum Docklands
The London Museum Docklands in West India Quay, London, explains the history of the River Thames, the growth of the Port of London and the docks' historical link to the Atlantic slave trade. The museum is part of the London Museum and is jointly funded by the City of London Corporation and the Greater London Authority.

The museum opened in 2003 in grade I listed early 19th-century Georgian "low" sugar warehouses built in 1802 on the north side of West India Docks, a short walk from Canary Wharf.

Port of London
The Port of London is that part of the River Thames in England lying between Teddington Lock and the defined boundary (since 1968, a line drawn from Foulness Point in Essex via Gunfleet Old Lighthouse to Warden Point in Kent) with the North Sea and including any associated docks. Once the largest port in the world, it was the United Kingdom's largest port as of 2020. Usage is largely governed by the Port of London Authority ("PLA"), a public trust established in 1908; while mainly responsible for coordination and enforcement of activities, it also has some minor operations of its own.

The port can handle cruise liners, roll-on roll-off ferries and cargo of all types at the larger facilities in its eastern extent. As with many similar historic European ports, such as Antwerp and Rotterdam, many activities have steadily moved downstream towards the open sea as ships have grown larger and the land upriver taken over for other uses.
Chinesinho
Sidney Colônia Cunha (28 June 1935 – 16 April 2011), commonly known as Chinesinho (Little Chinese), was a Brazilian footballer who played professionally, at both club and international levels, as a midfielder.

1959 South American Championship (Argentina)
The South American Championship 1959 was a football tournament held in Argentina, and won by Argentina with Brazil as runner-up. Colombia and Ecuador withdrew from the tournament. Pelé from Brazil was named best player of the tournament and was the top scorer with 8 goals.
Rochus Spiecker
Father Rochus Spiecker (born Johann Wolfgang Spiecker July 24, 1921 in Berlin – February 20, 1968) was a German writer and Dominican theologian, also active as a radio play and screenwriter. In 1952 Spiecker was entrusted as Bundeskurat (national curate) with the pastoral care of the 14- to 16-year-old Scout level members in the Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg (DPSG). Through 1958, he influenced the theological development of the DPSG, including through publications in national newspapers and the book "Der Ungeheure und die Abenteurer".

Deutsche Pfadfinderschaft Sankt Georg
The Deutsche Pfadfinder*innenschaft Sankt Georg (DPSG, German Scout Association Saint George) is the largest of Germany's many Scouting organizations. The Catholic association has about 95,000 members of all genders. Via the Ring deutscher Pfadfinder*innenverbände it is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

The DPSG is also a member of the International Catholic Conference of Scouting (ICCS) and of the Bund der Deutschen Katholischen Jugend (BDKJ).
Theropithecus
Theropithecus is a genus of primates in the family Cercopithecidae. It contains a single living species, the gelada (Theropithecus gelada), native to the Ethiopian Highlands.

Additional species are known from fossils, including:

†Theropithecus brumpti

†Theropithecus darti

†Theropithecus oswaldi

The earliest remains probably belonging to the genus are from Kanapoi, Kenya, dating to the early Pliocene, around 4.1-4.2 million years ago.

Although most remains are known from Africa, during the Early Pleistocene the genus had a broader distribution ranging from southern Europe, including Spain and possibly Italy, to the Indian subcontinent.

Theropithecus brumpti
Theropithecus brumpti was a large terrestrial monkey that lived in the mid- to late Pliocene. It is an extinct species of papionin.

This fossil primate is mostly known from skulls and mandibles found in Pliocene deposits excavated in the Shungura Formation, at the Omo River, Ethiopia. Both T. brumpti and the related extant gelada (T. gelada) were related to the various baboon species.
Shihua Subdistrict, Ürümqi
Shihua (Chinese: 石化; pinyin: Shíhuà; lit. 'petrification') is a subdistrict and the seat of Midong District, in the northern part of Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China, located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of the city centre. As of 2011, it has six residential communities (社区) under its administration.

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
1993 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1993 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 28th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 10 March to 17 March 1993. The race started in Ostia and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Maurizio Fondriest of the Lampre team.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.
Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place on 30 November and 1 December in the Olympic Park Swimming and Diving Stadium in Melbourne, Australia. This swimming event used the butterfly stroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of four lengths of the pool. This was the first time that the butterfly stroke had appeared in the Olympic Games as a separate event, following its introduction as a superior variant of breaststroke in the 1936 Olympics Men's 200 metre Breaststroke and subsequent dominance in the 200 metre breaststroke events at the 1948 Summer Olympics and 1952 Summer Olympics.

The winning margin was 4.5 seconds which as of 2023 remains the only time this event for men has been won by more than three seconds at the Olympics.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
George Andrews (bishop)
Christianity portal

George Andrews,   MA (1576–1648) was an Anglican priest in the early seventeenth century.

Born in England, he was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and was appointed Dean of Limerick and Precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1603.

His promotion in 1635 to Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was reputed a dubious honor, considering the low income of that see. The Lord Deputy of Ireland (the Earl of Strafford) is said to have written to Archbishop Laud: "If your Lordship thinks Dean Andrew hath been to blame, and that you would chastise him for it, make him Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, to have it without any other commendams; and then, I assure you, he shall leave better behind him than will be recompensed out of that bishopric, which is one of the meanest of the whole kingdom."

He died in October 1648 and is buried at St Clement Danes in the City of Westminster, London.

Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin
The Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was the Ordinary of  Church of Ireland diocese of Ferns and Leighlin in the Province of Dublin. The diocese comprised all of counties Wexford and Carlow and part of counties Wicklow and Laois in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin which were united in 1597. Over two hundred and thirty-eight years, there were twenty-nine bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Ferns and Leighlin were combined with Ossory to form the united bishopric of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 12 July 1835.
Dmytro Chyrykal
Dmytro Valeriyovych Chyrykal (Ukrainian: Дмитро Валерійович Чирикал; born 22 December 1984 in Obukhiv, near Kyiv) is a Ukrainian retired amateur footballer and manager of several professional level clubs.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Burke (crater)
Burke is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on November 4, 2015. Burke is named for the American actress Billie Burke.

Northeast rim of Burke crater

Oblique view of Burke crater (upper left) and Gordimer crater (lower left)

Gordimer (crater)
Gordimer is a crater on Mercury, near the north pole.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2019, after the South African writer Nadine Gordimer.

The southern floor of Gordimer is in permanent shadow.  S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area covering the southern floor, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit.

Tolkien crater is northwest of Gordimer, and Chesterton is to the northeast.  Tryggvadóttir is due north, at the pole.
Muhammad (name)
Muhammad (Arabic: مُحَمَّد, romanized: Muḥammad) is an Arabic given male name meaning "praiseworthy". The name comes from the passive participle of the Arabic verb ḥammada (حَمَّدَ), meaning "to praise", which itself comes from the triconsonantal Semitic root Ḥ-M-D. Other spellings of the name include Muhammed, Muhamad, Mohammad, Mohammed, Mahammad, Maxamed, Mehemmed, Mehemmet,  Mohamad, Mohamed, Mehmet, Mahometus, Mamadou, and a variety of other ways. Believed to be the most popular name in the world, by July 2014 it was estimated to have been given to 150 million men and boys.

The name has been banned for newborn children in the Xinjiang region of China since 2017, as well as for the Ahmadi community in Pakistan.

Murder of Sulaiman bin Hashim
On the early morning of 31 May 2001, 17-year-old national footballer Sulaiman bin Hashim (4 June 1983 – 31 May 2001), along with his two friends were attacked by a group of eight youths from gang 369, known as Salakau, as they were walking along South Bridge Road, Clarke Quay, Singapore. Sulaiman was grievously assaulted by the gang while his two friends managed to escape. During the assault, Sulaiman sustained 13 stab wounds and two of them were fatal; he died as a result. The case was classified as murder and within the next 13 months, six of the gang members (including the mastermind) involved were arrested and eventually sentenced to jail and caning for culpable homicide, rioting and voluntarily causing grievous hurt. However, till today, the remaining two assailants were never caught.
Gorenje Brezovo
Gorenje Brezovo (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnjɛ ˈbɾeːzɔʋɔ]; German: Oberbresow) is a settlement in the hills north of Višnja Gora in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

In the 19th century numerous Roman-period artefacts were found in and around the village, believed to be the location of a large Roman burial ground, although its precise location and extent have not been determined. Some of the artefacts are kept by the Vienna Museum of Natural History

Višnja Gora
Višnja Gora (pronounced [ˈʋìːʃnja ˈɡɔ̀ːɾa] ⓘ; German: Weixelburg, also Weichselburg, Weichselberg) is a town in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Žabjek, Na Štacjonu, and Grintavec, as well as the former hamlet of Suhi Malen (German: Weixelbach).
Fly Me to the Saitama
Fly Me to the Saitama (Japanese: 翔んで埼玉, Hepburn: Tonde Saitama; stylized as Fly me to the Saitama) is a 2019 Japanese comedy film directed by Hideki Takeuchi, based on the 1980s manga series of the same name written and illustrated by Mineo Maya.

It was released to critical acclaim and received 12 nominations at the 43rd Japan Academy Film Prize, taking home the Director of the Year, Screenplay of the Year, and Best Film Editing. It also won the Best Film at Blue Ribbon Awards. With a gross of $32.8 million it was the 13th highest-grossing film of 2019 in Japan.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.