hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
En papillote
En papillote (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ papijɔt]; French for "enveloped in paper"), or al cartoccio in Italian, is a method of cooking in which the food is put into a folded pouch or parcel and then baked. This method is most often used to cook fish or vegetables, but lamb and poultry can also be cooked en papillote. It is a combination cooking method of baking and steaming. This method of cooking has been popular since the 17th century in France.

Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam. In steaming, the food is fully immersed in steam, with no air present, so that the steam condenses on the food, and then the condensate drips down away from the food. This is often achieved in a food steamer, a kitchen appliance made specifically to cook food with steam, but food can also be steamed in a wok. In the American Southwest, steam pits used for cooking have been found dating back about 5,000 years. Steaming is considered a healthy cooking technique that can be used for many kinds of foods.

Compared to full immersion in boiling water, steaming can be far faster and more energy-efficient because it requires heating very much less water and takes advantage of the excellent thermodynamic heat transfer properties of steam.
Karl Peterson
Karl Andreevich Peterson (Latvian: Kārlis Pētersons; 1877 – 17 January 1926) was a Latvian Marxist revolutionary, Soviet statesman, military and party leader, and an active participant in the Civil War in Russia.

Latvian Riflemen
The Latvian Riflemen (Latvian: Latviešu strēlnieki; Russian: Латышские стрелки, romanized: Latyshskie strelki) were originally a military formation of the Imperial Russian Army assembled starting 1915 in Latvia in order to defend Baltic governorates against the German Empire in World War I. Initially, the battalions were formed by volunteers, and from 1916 by conscription among the Latvian population. A total of about 40,000 troops were drafted into the Latvian Riflemen Division. They were used as an elite force in the Imperial and Red armies.
Symmetric product (topology)
In algebraic topology, the nth symmetric product of a topological space consists of the unordered n-tuples of its elements. If one fixes a basepoint, there is a canonical way of embedding the lower-dimensional symmetric products into the higher-dimensional ones. That way, one can consider the colimit over the symmetric products, the infinite symmetric product. This construction can easily be extended to give a homotopy functor.

From an algebraic point of view, the infinite symmetric product is the free commutative monoid generated by the space minus the basepoint, the basepoint yielding the identity element. That way, one can view it as the abelian version of the James reduced product.

One of its essential applications is the Dold-Thom theorem, stating that the homotopy groups of the infinite symmetric product of a connected CW complex are the same as the reduced homology groups of that complex. That way, one can give a homotopical definition of homology.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.
3rd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 3rd Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in January 1983 until its disbandment in December 1984, being subsequently re-formed in June 1991.

South Governorate
South Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الجنوب, romanized: muḥāfaẓat al-Janūb, or simply الجنوب) is one of the governorates of Lebanon, with a population of 590,000 inhabitants and an area of 929.6 km2. The capital is Sidon. The lowest elevation is sea-level; the highest is 1,000 meters. The local population is religiously diverse and includes Shia and Sunni Muslims, Druze, Eastern Orthodox, Maronite, Protestant, and Greek Catholic Christians. Temperatures can drop to 4 °C during winter with much rain and snow on the higher ground. In the humid summer, temperatures can rise to 30 °C in the coastal areas. The governorate has several rivers: the Litani, Deir El Zahrani, Naqoura, Awali, Qasmiye, and Hasbani. The area is famous for its citrus and banana farms. Its main cities are Sidon, Tyre and Jezzine.
Rome II Regulation
The Rome II Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 is a European Union Regulation regarding the conflict of laws on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations. From 11 January 2009, the Rome II Regulation created a harmonised set of rules within the European Union to govern choice of law in civil and commercial matters (subject to certain exclusions, such as the application being manifestly incompatible with the public policy of the forum) concerning non-contractual obligations. Additionally, in certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions, the parties may choose the law applicable to a non-contractual obligation. Analogous rules were established for contractual obligations by the Rome Convention of 1980. The Rome Convention has, in turn, been replaced by the Rome I Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Reg. (EC) No. 593/2008). The regulation applies to all EU member states except Denmark.

Choice of law
Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law." Dépeçage is an issue within choice of law.
Psi wheel
A psi wheel is pyramid-shaped top-like device consisting of a small piece of paper or foil balanced on the tip of a pointed object (such as a toothpick or needle). It is commonly used in attempts to prove the validity of telekinesis, by rotating the wheel claiming to use the power of the mind alone.
However, this "experiment" does not prove psychokinesis or other parapsychological phenomenon as hidden heat and wind sources can be used to turn it. Psychokinesis is not proven to date, while many laws of physics prohibit it as such, psychokinesis is pseudoscientific.

Telekinesis
Telekinesis (from Ancient Greek  τηλε- (tēle-) 'far off' and  -κίνησις (-kínēsis) 'motion') (alternatively called psychokinesis) is a purported psychic ability allowing an individual to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Simply put, it is the moving or manipulating of objects with the mind, without directly touching them. Experiments to prove the existence of telekinesis have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls and repeatability. There is no reliable evidence that telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience.
Ramdasia
The Ramdasia, also referred to as Ravidassia, were historically a Sikh, Hindu sub-group that originated from the caste of leather tanners and shoemakers known as Chamar, and the weaver caste known as Julahas. Sikh historian W. H. McLeod refers to Ramdasia as a Sikh of the Chamar caste in his book named 'The A to Z of Sikhism', and in his other book named 'Punjabis in New Zealand', he traced a Chamar Sikh migrant, an antecedent of Ramdasia.

Jatav
Jatav, also known as Jatava/Jatan/ Jatua/Jhusia /Jatia/Jatiya, is an Indian Dalit community that are considered to be a sub-caste of the Chamar caste, who are classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Jatav community of Uttar Pradesh comprised 54% of that state's total 22,496,047 Scheduled-Caste population.
Joseph Tawadros
Joseph Tawadros AM (born 6 October 1983) is an Egyptian-born Australian award-winning multi-instrumentalist and oud virtuoso. Tawadros has won the ARIA Award for Best World Music Album seven times: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023.

Bachelor of Music
A Bachelor of Music (BMus; sometimes conferred as Bachelor of Musical Arts) is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of a program of study in music. The degree may be awarded for performance, music education, composition, music theory, musicology / music history (musicology degrees may be a Bachelor of Arts rather than a Bachelor of Music), music technology, music therapy, sacred music, music business/music industry, entertainment, music production, or jazz studies. Since the 2010s, some universities have begun offering degrees in music composition with technology, which include traditional theory and musicology courses and sound recording and composition courses using digital technologies.
2024 OFC Men's Champions League
The 2024 OFC Men's Champions League was the 23rd edition of the Oceanian club championship. Organized by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), it is Oceania's premier club football tournament. This was the first season under the current OFC Men's Champions League name.

The tournament winner qualified for the 2024 FIFA Intercontinental Cup. By winning the 2022 OFC Champions League and the 2023 OFC Champions League, Auckland City earned the right to play at the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States before even playing the 2024 OFC Men's Champions League.

2022 OFC Champions League
The 2022 OFC Champions League (officially known as OFC Champions League 2022) was the 21st edition of the Oceanian Club Championship, Oceania's premier club football tournament organized by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and the 16th season under the current OFC Champions League name.

In the final, Auckland City defeated Vénus 3–0 for their tenth title. Hienghène Sport, having won the title in 2019, were the title holders (the 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to border closures throughout the Pacific caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the titles were not awarded) but were eliminated by Vénus in the semi-finals.
Khudparast
Khudparast (Urdu: خود پرست) is a 2018 Pakistani romantic drama serial that premiered on 6 October 2018 on ARY Digital. It is directed by Aabis Raza and written by Radain Shah. It stars Shehzad Sheikh and Ramsha Khan in lead roles. The serial is produced by Fahad Mustafa and Ali Kazmi under their production banner Big Bang Entertainment.

Pakistani dramas
Pakistani dramas, or Pakistani serials, are televised serials produced in Pakistan. Although most of the serials are produced in Urdu, an increasing number are produced in other Pakistani languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Punjabi and Balochi. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial Khuda Ki Basti, which aired in 1969. Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.

In 2016, a Dawn News report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.

They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television. The serials are widely popular in South Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Nepal.
Bayugan
Bayugan, officially the City of Bayugan (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Bayugan; Filipino: Lungsod ng Bayugan), is a  component city in the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 109,499 people.

Having gained cityhood through Republic Act No. 9405, it is the only city in the province of Agusan del Sur and also the most populous.

Located at the northern part of Agusan del Sur, Bayugan is the "cut-flower capital" of the province owing to its lucrative cut flower industry. The city's climate, especially in the highland barangays, is conducive to high yield cut-flower production. The city is also one of the major producers of rice and vegetables in the province, even providing for neighboring municipalities and provinces.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Plectania rhytidia
Plectania rhytidia is a species of fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. Originally described under the name Peziza rhytidia by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1855, the species was transferred to Plectania by mycologists John Axel Nannfeldt and Richard P. Korf in 1957.

Sarcosomataceae
The Sarcosomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 10 genera and 57 species. Most species are found in temperate areas, and are typically saprobic on rotten or buried wood.
Chikkolee
Chikkolee is a spicy wheat dish common in southern Andhra Pradesh and parts of Maharashtra. It is made in a manner similar to roti (chapathi) after it is cut into pieces and served with the addition of spices. This is a traditional pudding of Rangrez, Bhavasara Kshatriya. It is a semi-liquid with crushed wheat, and meat pieces may be added. It can also be served as a snack.

Roti
Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, East African, and Southeast African countries.

It is made from stoneground whole-wheat flour, known as atta, combined into a dough with added water. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Naan from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread, as is kulcha. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods.
YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike
YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (transl. "YU 100: the Greatest Yugoslav Rock and Pop Music Albums") is a book by Duško Antonić and Danilo Štrbac, published in 1998. It features a list of top 100 former Yugoslav popular music albums, formed according to the poll of 70 Serbian music critics, journalists, artists and others.

Branimir Štulić
Branimir "Johnny" Štulić (born April 11, 1953) is a Yugoslav singer-songwriter, musician and author, best known for being the frontman of the popular Yugoslav rock group Azra. He is known for his charismatic stage performances and inspiring song lyrics that often combined rock poetry with a strong sense for social commentary, which is the cause for him becoming a cult figure.
Peratata
Peratata (Greek: Περατάτα) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Leivatho, in the southern part of the island of Cephalonia, Greece. It is situated at the foot of a hill, which is crowned by the Agios Georgios fortress. The community consists of the villages Peratata and Kastro. The western part of Peratata is referred to as Travliata. Peratata is 2 km north of Kerameies, 3 km south of Troianata, 8 km southeast of Argostoli and 19 km west of Poros. The road from Argostoli to Poros and Skala passes through the village.

The Agios Georgios fortress on the hill north of Peratata dates from the 12th century, but the present structure was built by Venetians in the 16th century. It was the capital of the island until 1757. The fortress covers an area of 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft), and the perimeter of its walls is 600 m. The 1953 Ionian earthquake caused great damage in Peratata.

Poros, Cephalonia
Poros (Greek: Πόρος) is a picturesque small town located in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi, some 40 km SE of Argostoli, 28 km SE of Sami and 12 km NE of Skala, in the southeast of Cephalonia, one of the Ionian Islands of Greece.
Gmina Hanna
Gmina Hanna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and close to Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Hanna, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Włodawa.

The gmina covers an area of 139.02 square kilometres (53.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,339.

Włodawa
Włodawa (Polish pronunciation: [vwɔˈdava]) is a town in eastern Poland, situated on the Bug River and on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. It is the seat of Włodawa County, within the Lublin Voivodeship. As of 2016 it has a population of 13,500.
Figure skating at the 2022 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival
Figure skating at the 2022 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival was held from 20 to 25 March 2022 at the Vuokatti Arena in Vuokatti, Finland. Medals were awarded in boys' and girls' singles. To be eligible, skaters must have been born between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2006.

On 1 March 2022, the International Skating Union banned figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending all international competitions due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 2 March 2022, in accordance with a recommendation by the International Olympic Committee, the European Olympic Committees suspended the participation of Russia and Belarus from the 2022 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival.

Figure skating at the European Youth Olympic Festival
The European Youth Olympic Festival (also European Youth Olympic Days) is a multi-sport event held in both summer and winter disciplines every second year. Figure skating is one of the sports in its winter edition. The competition is held in junior category.
Saudi Arabia at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Saudi Arabia competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. 37 competitors, all men, took part in 11 events in 5 sports.

Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
The men's individual road race at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, was held on Sunday July 29, 1984. There were 135 participants from 43 nations in the race over 190.20 km, on a course in Mission Viejo, California. The maximum number of cyclists per nation was four. 55 cyclists finished. The event was won by Alexi Grewal of the United States, the nation's first medal in the men's individual road race. All three nations represented on the podium were there for the first time in the event; Canada with Steve Bauer's silver and Norway with Dag Otto Lauritzen's bronze joined the Americans.
Riverfront Park (Harrisburg)
Riverfront Park is a public park in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania that spans beside the Susquehanna River.

The park runs parallel to the Susquehanna River between the shoreline and Front Street, from Vaughn Street at the north to the I-83 John Harris Bridge at the south. It includes a concrete waterfront esplanade as well as greenspace on the riverbank first developed during the City Beautiful Movement in the early 20th Century by Warren H. Manning as one of the first riverfront reclamations by American cities. Riverfront Park overlooks views of the river, City Island, Wormleysburg and Blue Mountain in the distance. Riverfront Park is also part of the larger Capital Area Greenbelt and maintains bike lanes and paved paths. Along the park are many statues, memorials, a series of exercise pits, gardens, public art installations, and a Harrisburg Centennial time capsule. Special areas include the Sunken Gardens, gravesite of John Harris Sr., and Kunkel Memorial Plaza.

City Island (Pennsylvania)
City Island is a mile-long island in the Susquehanna River between Harrisburg and Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is used mainly for leisure and sports activities.  Its previous names have included Turkey Island, Maclay's Island, Forster's Island and Hargast Island. The island can be reached from either side of the Susquehanna River by Market Street Bridge or, from the Harrisburg side and by pedestrians and cyclists only, by Walnut Street Bridge.
Vincenzo Scuderi
Vincenzo Scuderi, born 30 May 1902 in Ramacca near Catania in Sicily, was a Catholic priest belonging to the Society of St Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), one of the great members of this Society in India, and pioneer of the Salesian work in Goa, including Don Bosco, Panjim. He died on 22 November 1982 at Catania, Sicily.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Francis B. Francois
Francis Bernard Francois (January 21, 1934 – February 17, 2021) was an American engineer and lawyer who received recognition for his achievements in the field of engineering and policy leadership in regional government, surface transportation infrastructure and research. In 1999, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

Webster County, Iowa
Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,999. The county seat is Fort Dodge. The county was established in January 1851, one of 43 counties established by a legislative package. This county was named after Daniel Webster, an American statesman noted for his moving oratory.

Webster County comprises the Fort Dodge, IA Micropolitan statistical area.
Environment Act 2021
The Environment Act 2021 (c. 30) of the Parliament of the United Kingdom aims to improve air and water quality, protect wildlife, increase recycling and reduce  plastic waste. The act is part of a new legal framework for environmental protection, given the UK no longer comes under EU law post-Brexit.

Friends of the Earth said the act represented a reduction in protections, rather than an increase. In January 2021 the bill was "severely delayed" for a third time.

Social and environmental impact of palm oil
Palm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. Its cultivation and production (often monoculture on previously carbon-sequestering, biodiverse forest land) often coincides with human rights abuses (including rape, human trafficking, child labor, and slavery), displacement and disruption of human and animal populations, and other harmful environmental effects. These impacts can be significant, as oil palms produce 38% of the world's vegetable-oil output on 6% of the world's vegetable-oil farmland, and products from oil palms are widespread in cosmetics. There has also been considerable greenwashing of deforestation and animal cruelty related to palm oil production, with offenders including palm oil producers that received certifications of sustainability.