hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Mid-American Conference football season
The 2023 Mid-American Conference football season was the 78th season for the Mid-American Conference (MAC), as part of the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Non-conference play began with one game on August 26.  Conference play began on September 23 and concluded with the MAC championship game on Saturday, December 2 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan.  Miami won the East division with a 7-1 conference record with their only loss coming against Toledo. Toledo won the West with a perfect conference record.  Their quarterback Dequan Finn won Player of the Year and coach Jason Candle won coach of the year.  On October 21, during the regular season game between the division winners, Miami quarterback Brett Gabbert suffered a season ending leg injury.  In spite of that, Miami won their first MAC Championship since 2019 with a 23–14 upset victory in the MAC Championship Game.

Jason Candle
Jason Tyler Candle (born November 12, 1979) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach at the University of Connecticut, and was previously the head football coach at the University of Toledo, a position he had held since the 2016 season. Candle had been an assistant at Toledo since 2009, and was previously a coach at Mount Union from 2003 to 2008. He played as a wide receiver at Mount Union and Geneva.
Australian Business Number
The Australian Business Number (ABN) is a unique Budget identifier issued by the Australian Business Register (ABR) which is operated by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). The ABN was introduced on 1 July 2000 by John Howard's Liberal government as part of a major tax reform, which included the introduction of a GST.

The law requires each entity that carries on a business in Australia has an ABN and that the ABN appear on each tax invoice and other tax related documents issued by the entity.

Goods and services tax (Australia)
Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Australia is a value added tax of 10% on most goods and services sales, with some exemptions (such as for certain food, healthcare and housing items) and concessions (including qualifying long-term accommodation, which is taxed at an effective rate of 5.5%). GST is levied on most transactions in the production process, but is in many cases refunded to all parties in the chain of production other than the final consumer.

The tax was introduced by the Howard government and commenced on 1 July 2000, replacing the previous federal wholesale sales tax system and designed to phase out a number of various State and Territory Government taxes, duties and levies such as banking taxes and stamp duty.

A proposed increase of GST to 15% has been put forward, but is generally lacking in bipartisan support.
Zákupy
Zákupy (Czech pronunciation: [ˈzaːkupɪ]; German: Reichstadt) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
North West Provincial Government
The North West of South Africa is governed in a parliamentary system in which the people elect the North West Provincial Legislature and the legislature elects the premier as head of the executive. The premier leads a cabinet of MECs overseeing various executive departments. The provincial government is subject to the Constitution of South Africa.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Layla S. Diba
Layla Soudavar Diba (Persian: لیلا سودآور-دیبا) is an Iranian-American independent scholar of art history and curator. She specializes in 18th/19th-century and contemporary Persian art and the Qajar period. She has curated various exhibitions, such as the Royal Persian Paintings: The Qajar Epoch 1783-1925 (1998 to 1999) exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum, and co-curated Iran Modern (2013) alongside Fereshteh Daftari at New York City's Asia Society.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Gaby Kennard
Gaby Kennard (born 1944, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) was the first Australian woman to circumnavigate the globe by airplane. When she was 18 she found out that her natural father was a fighter pilot in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He was killed in an aircraft accident near Amberley air base, Ipswich on July 17, 1943, shortly after she was conceived.

She completed her commercial pilot's licence in 1984 and her multi-engine instrument rating in 1987.

In 1989, she began her journey in ‘Gertie’, a second-hand single-engine 1981 model Piper Saratoga. Kennard followed Amelia Earhart's route as much as possible. The trip took 99 days and covered 29,000 nautical miles (54,000 km). In recognition of this achievement, she received the Harmon Trophy. The trip made Kennard a celebrity and she used this status to raise funds for the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.

She is married to Neville Kennard and has a daughter and son.

Harmon Trophy
The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies, to be awarded annually to the world's outstanding aviator, aviatrix, and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible).  A fourth trophy, the "National Trophy", was awarded from 1926 through 1938 to the most outstanding aviator in each of the twenty-one member countries and again from 1946–1948 to honor Americans who contributed to aviation. The award was established in 1926 by Clifford B. Harmon, a wealthy balloonist and aviator.

The awards are described by the Clifford B. Harmon Trust as:

American awards for the most outstanding international achievements in the arts and/or science of aeronautics for the preceding year, with the art of flying receiving first consideration.
Zygomatic plate
In rodent anatomy, the zygomatic plate is a bony plate derived from the flattened front part of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone). At the back, it connects to the front (maxillary) root of the zygomatic arch, and at the top it is connected to the rest of the skull via the antorbital bridge. It is part of the maxillary bone, or upper jaw, which also contains the upper cheekteeth. Primitively, rodents have a nearly horizontal zygomatic plate. In association with specializations in zygomasseteric system, several distinct morphologies have developed across the order.

The term is also used for an analogous structure in some South American typotheres, including Pseudotypotherium and Medistylus.

Zygomasseteric system
The zygomasseteric system (or zygomasseteric structure) refers to the anatomical arrangement of the masseter muscle and the zygomatic arch (cheek bone) in the skulls of rodents. This system plays a crucial role in the diverse chewing mechanics observed across rodent species. The zygomatic arch is modified to accommodate the masseter muscle, a primary muscle responsible for jaw movement. The masseter muscle itself is often divided into superficial, lateral, and medial components, allowing for a wide range of jaw motion, particularly the anteroposterior or propalinal movement (front-to-back chewing motion) characteristic of rodents. Variations in the structure of the zygomatic arch and the masseter muscle's insertion points have led to the classification of rodents into four main zygomasseteric types: protrogomorphous, sciuromorphous, hystricomorphous, and myomorphous,: 29–32  reflecting adaptations to different dietary niches and chewing strategies.
Synoeca surinama
Synoeca surinama is a Neotropical swarm-founding wasp of the tribe Epiponini. It is known for its metallic blue and black appearance and painful sting. S. surinama builds nests on tree trunks and can be found in tropical climates of South America. When preparing to swarm, there are a number of pre-swarming behaviors that members of S. surinama colonies partake in, such as buzzing runs and occasional brood cannibalism. In S. surinama, social environmental conditions determine the caste ranks of individuals in the developing brood. Unlike less primitive Hymenoptera species, S. surinama display little morphological variation between egg laying queens and workers. S. surinama wasps visit flowering plants and are considered pollinators. When these wasps sting, the stinger is left in the victim and the wasp ultimately dies.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Baker Correctional Institution
The Baker Correctional Institution  is a state prison for men located in Sanderson, Baker County, Florida, owned and operated by the Florida Department of Corrections.

Since November 2009, Baker's mission is to "prepare inmates for work release and aid in a successful re-entry into society."  The facility has a mix of security levels, including minimum, medium, and close.  Baker Correctional Institution opened in 1978 and has a maximum capacity of 1165 inmates.

In July 2015 two inmates died within a week:  Antonio Gallashaw on the 28th, and Denis Robinson on the 30th.

In 2021, Baker Correctional Institution, along with New River Correctional Institution and Cross City Correctional Institution, was closed temporarily due to a staffing shortage.

Cross City Correctional Institution
The Cross City Correctional Institution is a state prison for men located in Cross City, Dixie County, Florida, owned and operated by the Florida Department of Corrections.

This facility has a mix of security levels, including minimum, medium, and close, and houses adult male offenders.  Cross City first opened in 1972 on the grounds of the decommissioned Cross City Air Force Station, and has a maximum capacity of 1802 prisoners.

James Lamar Rhoades - Serial killer
Santa Rosa de Lima Airport
Santa Rosa de Lima Airport  is an airport serving the city of Santa Rosa de Lima in La Unión Department, El Salvador. The runway is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the city.

There is distant rising terrain south through southwest.

La Unión Department
La Unión (Spanish pronunciation: [lawˈnjon]) is the easternmost department of El Salvador. Its capital is La Unión. It covers a total of 2,074 square kilometres (801 sq mi) and has a population of 263,200. The department was created on June 22, 1865, and the city of La Unión was made its capital. The Conchagua Temple was built in 1693 and it is one of tourist attractions of the department, as well as containing archeological ruins in Intipucá and Meanguera.
Ostropomycetidae
The Ostropomycetidae are a subclass of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains nine orders and 37 families.

Arctomiaceae is the only family in the Ostropomycetidae that associates with cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales as its main photobiont partner.

Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.

The group is monophyletic (composed only of all the descendants of a common ancestor).
2017 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool C
Pool C of the 2017 Fed Cup Americas Group II was one of four pools in the Americas Group II of the 2017 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and bottom teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I.

2017 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2017 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II were the final stages of the Group II Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Using the positions determined in their pools, the thirteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2017 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II. The top two teams advanced to Group I in 2018.
Uzawa–Lucas model
The Uzawa–Lucas model is an economic model that explains long-term economic growth as consequence of human capital accumulation. Developed by Robert Lucas, Jr., building upon initial contributions by Hirofumi Uzawa, it extends the AK model by a two-sector setup, in which physical and human capital are produced by different technologies. The Uzawa–Lucas model is part of endogenous growth theory.

Economic model
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. A model may have various exogenous variables, and those variables may change to create various responses by economic variables. Methodological uses of models include investigation, theorizing, and fitting theories to the world.
Buster Pearson
Stedman "Buster" Pearson (4 May 1941 – 14 October 2012) was a British businessman and producer, and the father and former manager of the pop group Five Star. He also owned and ran a number of record labels, most notably the 1970s reggae label K&B Records and the 1980s R&B/dance label Tent Records. He moved to the UK in the late 1960s and toured as a guitarist with soul and reggae artists such as Otis Redding, Jimmy Cliff, Wilson Pickett and Desmond Dekker. He was married to Delores (née Ogeare), mother of Five Star, who also helped with his music businesses.

Desmond Dekker
Desmond Dekker (born Desmond Adolphus Dacres; 16 July 1941 – 25 May 2006) was a Jamaican ska, rocksteady and reggae singer-songwriter and musician. Together with his backing group the Aces (consisting of Wilson James and Easton Barrington Howard), he had one of the earliest international reggae hits with "Israelites" (1968). Other hits include "007 (Shanty Town)" (1967), "It Mek" (1969) and "You Can Get It If You Really Want" (1970).
Operation RYAN
Operation RYAN (or RYaN, and sometimes written as VRYAN, Russian: РЯН, IPA: [rʲæn]) was a Cold War military intelligence program run by the Soviet Union in the early 1980s, when they believed the United States was planning for an imminent first strike attack. The name is an acronym for Raketno-Yadernoe Napadenie (Russian: Ракетно-ядерное нападение, "Nuclear Missile Attack"). The purpose of the operation was to collect intelligence on potential contingency plans of the Reagan administration to launch a nuclear first strike against the Soviet Union. The program was initiated in May 1981 by Yuri Andropov, then chairman of the KGB.

Oleg Gordievsky
Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky CMG (Russian: Оле́г Анто́нович Гордие́вский; 10 October 1938 – 4 March 2025) was a colonel of the KGB who became KGB resident-designate (rezident) and bureau chief in London and a British spy.

Gordievsky was a double agent, providing information to the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1974 to 1985. After being recalled to Moscow under suspicion, he was exfiltrated from the Soviet Union in July 1985 under a plan code-named Operation Pimlico. The Soviet Union subsequently sentenced him to death in absentia.
World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship
The World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship (WECF) is a global association of evangelical Christian Congregational Churches, from various national associations around the world, which is united by a common belief in the lordship of Jesus Christ and the authority of the Bible, as well as by its common desire for evangelism.

World Alliance of Reformed Churches
The World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) was a fellowship of more than 200 churches with roots in the 16th century Reformation, and particularly in the theology of John Calvin. Its headquarters was in Geneva, Switzerland. They merged with the Reformed Ecumenical Council in 2010 to form the World Communion of Reformed Churches.
Emily Ann and Maggie Hays nickel mines
The Emily Ann and Maggie Hays nickel deposits are situated 117 km west of the town of Norseman, Western Australia, within the Lake Johnston Greenstone Belt.

The mines had been operational since 2001 when Nornickel suspended mining at Emily Ann and Maggie Hays in early 2009 because of drastically falling nickel prices. Poseidon Nickel acquired the Lake Johnston Nickel Project from Norlisk in 2014.

Cumulate rock
Cumulate rocks are igneous rocks formed by the accumulation of crystals from a magma either by settling or floating. Cumulate rocks are named according to their texture; cumulate texture is diagnostic of the conditions of formation of this group of igneous rocks. Cumulates can be deposited on top of other older cumulates of different composition and colour, typically giving the cumulate rock a layered or banded appearance.
Pimpirev Peak
Pimpirev Peak (Bulgarian: Пимпирев връх, romanized: Pimpirev vrah, IPA: [pimˈpirɛv ˈvrɤx]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 2565 m on the west side of Rouen Mountains in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Frachat Glacier to the southeast, Russian Gap to the west and Mozgovitsa Glacier to the north-northwest.  The peak was visited on 7 January 1988 by the geologists Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov during the First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition.

The feature was named "after the Bulgarian scientist Christo Pimpirev, doyen and leader of the national Antarctic programme."

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Stage lighting accessories
Stage lighting accessories are components manufactured for conventional (non-automated) stage lighting instruments. Most conventional fixtures are designed to accept a number of different accessories designed to assist in the modification of the output. These accessories are intended to either provide relatively common functionality not originally provided in a fixture (such as beam shaping through barn doors), or to extend the versatility of a lighting instrument by introducing features. Other accessories have been designed to overcome limitations or difficulties some fixtures present in specific applications.

All stage lighting accessories fall into one of three distinct categories: components installed inside the fixture, components affixed to the front of the fixture (in front of the lens), or components mounted elsewhere on the exterior of a fixture (to the side, top or bottom).

Color gel
A color gel or color filter (Commonwealth spelling: colour gel or colour filter), also known as lighting gel or simply gel, is a transparent colored material that is used in theater, event production, photography, videography and cinematography to color light and for color correction. Modern gels are thin sheets of polycarbonate, polyester or other heat-resistant plastics, placed in front of a lighting fixture in the path of the beam.

Gels have a limited life, especially in saturated colors (lower light transmission) and shorter wavelength (blues). The color will fade or even melt, depending upon the energy absorption of the color, and the sheet will have to be replaced.

In permanent installations and some theatrical uses, colored glass filters or dichroic filters are used. The main drawbacks are additional expense and a more limited selection.
Garden Court Apartments (Los Angeles)
The Garden Court Apartments was a four-story, 190-room luxury apartment complex on Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The complex was notable for its history, tenants, and luxurious nature.

Molding (decorative)
Molding (spelled moulding and alternatively called coving in British and Australian English), is a strip of material with various profiles used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. It is traditionally made from solid milled wood or plaster, but may be of plastic or reformed wood.  In classical architecture and sculpture, the molding is often carved in marble or other stones.  In historic architecture, and some expensive modern buildings, it may be formed in place with plaster.

A "plain" molding has right-angled upper and lower edges. A "sprung" molding has upper and lower edges that bevel towards its rear,  allowing mounting between two non-parallel planes (such as a wall and a ceiling), with an open space behind. Moldings may be decorated with paterae as long, uninterrupted elements may be boring for eyes.