hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Centripetal force
Centripetal force (from Latin  centrum 'center' and  petere 'to seek') is the force that makes a body follow a curved path. The direction of the centripetal force is always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards the fixed point of the instantaneous center of curvature of the path. Isaac Newton coined the term, describing it as "a force by which bodies are drawn or impelled, or in any way tend, towards a point as to a centre". In Newtonian mechanics, gravity provides the centripetal force causing astronomical orbits.

One common example involving centripetal force is the case in which a body moves with uniform speed along a circular path. The centripetal force is directed at right angles to the motion and also along the radius towards the centre of the circular path. The mathematical description was derived in 1659 by the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens.

Unit vector
In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in  (pronounced "v-hat"). The term normalized vector is sometimes used as a synonym for unit vector.

The normalized vector û of a non-zero vector u is the unit vector in the direction of u, i.e.,

where ‖u‖ is the norm (or length) of u and .

The proof is the following:

A unit vector is often used to represent directions, such as normal directions.
Unit vectors are often chosen to form the basis of a vector space, and every vector in the space may be written as a linear combination form of unit vectors.
Keystone Kapers
Keystone Kapers is a platform game developed by Garry Kitchen for the Atari 2600 and published by Activision in 1983. The game involves a Keystone Cops theme, with the player controlling police officer Kelly, who traverses four floors of a department store, dodging objects to catch the escaped thief Harry Hooligan.

Kitchen designed the game after working on Atari 2600 games Space Jockey and a port of Donkey Kong. He wanted to develop a game similar to the latter game, and he began developing what would become Keystone Kapers. On the game's release in 1982, it received positive critical attention for its graphics and gameplay. It was later ported to other consoles such as the ColecoVision and Atari 5200.

Computer Entertainer
Computer Entertainer, also known as The Video Game Update, was an American video game newsletter. Based out of Los Angeles, California and edited by Celeste Dolan, it was published monthly between 1982 and 1990, and one of the few publications to survive the 1983 video game crash in North America. It regularly featured news and reviews of computer and home console software, sales charts, coverage of the annual Consumer Electronics Show, interviews with developers in the video game industry, and release dates. Since its discontinuation, it is currently owned by the Video Game History Foundation.
2015 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 2015 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 42nd edition of the Japan Open, and part of the 500 Series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It was held at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from October 5–11, 2015.

Japan Open (tennis)
The Japan Open, currently sponsored by the Kinoshita Group, is a men's tennis tournament held in Ariake Tennis Forest Park with its center court Ariake Coliseum, located in Koto, Tokyo. It has been held since 1972. In 2018, the venue switched to the Musashino Forest Sports Plaza as the Ariake Coliseum was renovated for the tennis events at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The championship includes men's singles and doubles competitions.
Mackenzie River wolf
The Mackenzie River wolf or Mackenzie Arctic Wolf (Canis lupus mackenzii) is a subspecies of gray wolf which is found in Canada's southern portion of Northwest Territories. Not much has been published on Canis lupus mackenzii but one of the most comprehensive studies was done in 1954 by W.A. Fuller, Wolf Control Operations, Southern Mackenzie District, Canada Wildlife Service Report. This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of Canis lupus in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005). As of 2025, the general (though not universal) scientific consensus is that it is synonymous with the Northwestern wolf/Mackenzie Valley Wolf.

This wolf subspecies can be found in Tuktut Nogait National Park.

Subspecies of Canis lupus
There are 38 subspecies of Canis lupus listed in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005, 3rd edition). These subspecies were named over the past 250 years, and since their naming, a number of them have gone extinct. The nominate subspecies is the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus).
Taston
Taston is a hamlet in Spelsbury civil parish, about 1.6 miles (2.6 km) north of Charlbury and 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.

Taston is about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the Akeman Street Roman road.

Chipping Norton
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswolds in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.
Amjad Radhi
Amjad Radhi Yousif Al-Janabi (Arabic: أمجد راضي; born 17 July 1990) is an Iraqi professional footballer who last played for Erbil in the Iraqi Premier League. He won the 2009–10 Iraqi Premier League and 2012–13 Iraqi Premier League top scorer awards, as well as the 2012 AFC Cup top scorer award. He is the Iraqi Premier League's all-time record goalscorer with 180 goals.

2011–12 Iraqi Elite League
The 2011–12 Iraqi Elite League (known as the Asiacell Elite League for sponsorship reasons) was the 38th season of the competition since its establishment in 1974. The season began on 29 October 2011 and ended on 20 August 2012. It was played in a home-and-away round-robin format for the first time since the 2002–03 season.

Erbil won their fourth league title, earning 83 points from 38 games and losing just one match. Duhok finished as runners-up with Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya in third place.
Woman's Club of Upper Montclair
The Woman's Club of Upper Montclair is a women's club started in 1900 in the Upper Montclair section of the township of Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The clubhouse, located at 200 Cooper Avenue, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 2012, for its significance in social history from 1924 to 1940. It was listed as part of the Clubhouses of New Jersey Women's Clubs Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

Upper Montclair, New Jersey
Upper Montclair is a census-designated place (CDP), unincorporated community and neighborhood within Montclair in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States census, the population for the CDP was 11,565. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07043. It is often misperceived, even by Montclair residents, to be a separate municipality from Montclair, perhaps aided by this postal designation.
Étienne Guy
Étienne Guy (February 16, 1774 – December 29, 1820) was a surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born in Montreal in 1774, the son of Pierre Guy, studied at the Collège Saint-Raphaël and then spent over a year at the College of New Jersey. In 1796, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in Montreal County. Guy qualified to practice as a surveyor in 1798. He also served in the local militia during the War of 1812, later becoming lieutenant colonel.

He died at Montreal in 1820. His brother, Louis Guy, practiced as a surveyor and notary and was a member of the legislative council. Rue Guy and Guy–Concordia metro station in downtown Montreal are named for Guy.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
UFC on ESPN: Royval vs. Kape
UFC on ESPN: Royval vs. Kape (also known as UFC on ESPN 73 and UFC Vegas 112) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on December 13, 2025, at the UFC Apex in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Valley, United States.

Legacy Fighting Alliance
The Legacy Fighting Alliance (LFA) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in Houston, Texas. It was created as a result of the Legacy Fighting Championship and Resurrection Fighting Alliance merger in 2016.
Yordanov Nunatak
Yordanov Nunatak (Bulgarian: Йорданов нунатак, ‘Yordanov Nunatak’ \yor-da-'nov 'nu-na-tak\) is the rocky ridge 5 km long and 2.6 km wide, with twin heights rising to 876 m (central one) and 885 m (western one) on the coast of Borima Bay, between Jorum Glacier and Minzuhar Glacier on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.

The feature is named after Yordan Yordanov, engineer at St. Kliment Ohridski base in 2001/02 and base commander in subsequent seasons.

St. Kliment Ohridski Base
St. Kliment Ohridski Base (Bulgarian: База Св. Климент Охридски, romanized: Baza Sv. Kliment Ohridski, IPA: [ˈbazɐ svɛˈti ˈklimɛnt ˈɔxritski]) is a Bulgarian Antarctic base on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands.

The base, originally known as Sofia University Refuge or Hemus Base, was named in 1993 for medieval Bulgarian scholar St. Clement of Ohrid (840–916). The name is often shortened by non-Bulgarians to Ohridski Base, and sometimes misspelled as Ohridiski.
Yass River, New South Wales
Yass River is a locality in the area of the Yass Valley Council, in New South Wales, Australia. It lies on both sides of both the Yass River to the northeast of Murrumbateman and the northwest of Gundaroo. It is about 50 km north of Canberra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 350.

Murrumbateman
Murrumbateman is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia.  It is on the Barton Highway, approximately 30 kilometres north-west of Canberra, and is part of the Yass Valley Shire. At the 2021 census, Murrumbateman had a population of 3,607.
Mexico during World War II
Mexico's participation in World War II had its first antecedent in the diplomatic efforts made by the government before the League of Nations as a result of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. However, this intensified with the sinking of oil tankers by German submarine attacks, resulting in Mexico declaring war on the Axis powers of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Empire of Japan in May 1942. World War II had a profound influence on the country's politics and economy. Unlike most nations involved, the economic effects of the war were largely positive for Mexico.

Battle of Luzon
The Battle of Luzon (Tagalog: Labanan sa Luzon; Japanese: ルソン島の戦い; Spanish: Batalla de Luzón) was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, Mexico, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan. While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 217,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease), 8,000 American combatants killed, and over 150,000 Filipinos, overwhelmingly civilians who were murdered by Japanese forces, mainly during the Manila massacre of February 1945.
Buturon
Buturon is a methylurea, phenylurea herbicide, used to control grassy weeds, largely on cereals. It is now considered obsolete, having been first released as Eptapur in 1962.

Buturon's HRAC classification is Group C (Australia), Group C2 (global) or Group 5 (numeric).

HRAC classification
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) classifies herbicides by their mode of action (MoA) to provide a uniform way for farmers and growers to identify the agents they use and better manage pesticide resistance around the world. It is run by CropLife International in conjunction with the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA).
Marcelino García Toral
Marcelino García Toral (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾθeˈlino ɣaɾˈθi.a toˈɾal]; born 14 August 1965), known simply as Marcelino, is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He is the current head coach of La Liga club Villarreal.

In a ten-year senior career, he amassed La Liga totals of 74 matches and two goals, all at the service of Sporting de Gijón. He became a manager in 1997, working in the top division with Recreativo, Racing de Santander (two spells), Zaragoza, Sevilla, Villarreal, Valencia and Athletic Bilbao, being named best coach in Spain for the 2006–07 and 2017–18 seasons and winning the 2018–19 Copa del Rey with Valencia and the 2020–21 Supercopa de España with Athletic. After a brief stint in charge of Marseille, he returned to Villarreal in November 2023.

2015–16 La Liga
The 2015–16 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th since its establishment. Barcelona were the defending champions. The season began on 21 August 2015, and concluded on 15 May 2016.

Barcelona successfully retained the title (their 24th Liga overall) following a 3–0 win against Granada on the final matchday. Barcelona, Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid were engaged in an intense title race, with the three teams finishing with 91, 90 and 88 points respectively.

Barcelona's Luis Suárez finished as the league's top scorer, becoming the first player apart from Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to do so since the 2008–09 season.
New Currents
New Currents is a competitive section of Busan International Film Festival's official selection. The section was introduced at the festival's inaugural edition, in 1996.

It showcases the first or second feature films by up-and-coming Asian directors. The two winning directors are awarded each a prize of US$30,000.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Leftist parties in Sri Lanka
During the Donoughmore period of political experimentation (1931–48), several Sri Lanka leftist parties were formed in British colonial Ceylon. Unlike most other Sri Lankan parties, these leftist parties were noncommunal in membership.

Communist Party of Sri Lanka
The Communist Party of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය, romanized: Sri Lankavay Komiyunist Pakshaya; Tamil: இலங்கை கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி, romanized: Ilankai Komyunist Katche) is a communist party in Sri Lanka. In the 2004 legislative election, the party was part of the United People's Freedom Alliance that won 45.6% of the popular vote and 105 out of 225 seats.
2017–18 Atlético Madrid season
The 2017–18 season was Atlético Madrid's 87th season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 81st season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football. Atlético competed in La Liga, Copa del Rey, UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. 
It was also the first season that Atlético played at the Wanda Metropolitano.

This campaign was the very first since the 2009–10 without Tiago who retired after last season's conclusion.

2009–10 Atlético Madrid season
The 2009–10 season was the 104th season in Atlético Madrid's history and their 73rd season in La Liga, the top division of Spanish football. It covers a period from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010.

Atlético salvaged a largely disappointing season, thanks to a late resurgence resulting in the UEFA Europa League title, following a 2–1 final victory against Fulham. During the course of the tournament, Atlético overcame Liverpool among others, much thanks to Diego Forlán's goalscoring talent. Forlán scored the winning away goal against Liverpool in the extra-time during the semis, as well as two goals against Fulham, culminating in another extra time-winner.

Elsewhere, Atlético reached the final of Copa del Rey, where it lost to Sevilla. The league and Champions League runs were disappointing, however, not winning a single game in Champions League, and just finishing in the top half of the league.
Bretonne (album)
Bretonne is the fourth studio album by French singer Nolwenn Leroy, with arrangements by Jon Kelly. The album was released December 6, 2010 and has a reissue with 7 additional tracks 28 November 2011. It is a homage to her native Brittany. This is an album dedicated to Breton and Celtic music which marked Nolwenn, mixing traditional songs, modern pop in connection with standards of Celtic music. It includes traditional Breton tunes, more recent songs and an original song signed by the Breton singer Miossec.

The album was a certified double diamond disc in France, a double platinum disc in Belgium and a gold disc in Switzerland. After its successful release in Germany it was released internationally in July 2012 (UK, Canada, Japan). Its release in the United States was accompanied by a concert in New York City, January 8, 2013.

Mná na hÉireann
"Mná na hÉireann" (English: Women of Ireland) is a poem written by Irish poet Peadar Ó Doirnín (1700–1769), most famous as a song, and especially since set to an air composed by Seán Ó Riada (1931–1971).

Peadar Ó Doirnín lived in Forkhill in south Armagh, Ireland and is buried in Urnaí graveyard nearby in County Louth. He is best known for his song 'Úrchnoc Chéin Mhic Cáinte'. It was the editor of an anthology of his poems (1969), Dr. Breandan Ó Buachalla who gave the lyrics its title 'Mná na hÉireann'.
Annów, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Annów [ˈannuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. The population is 187. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Czerniewice, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Czerniewice
Czerniewice [t͡ʂɛrɲɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerniewice. It lies on the Krzemionka River, approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. It was probably founded in the 14th century.

In 2004 the village had a population of 730.
John Hall (bishop)
John Hall (1633–1710) was an English churchman and academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, and Bishop of Bristol. He was known as the last of the English bishops to hold to traditional Puritan views.

Bishop of Bristol
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Bristol heads the Church of England Diocese of Bristol in the Province of Canterbury, in England.

The present diocese covers parts of the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire together with a small area of Wiltshire.  The see is in the City of Bristol where the seat is located at Bristol Cathedral. The bishop's residence is a house in Winterbourne, Gloucestershire, north of Bristol.

The most recent bishop was Vivienne Faull (previously Dean of York), from the confirmation of her election on 25 June 2018. She was consecrated at St Paul's Cathedral on 3 July 2018 and enthroned in her Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, Bristol on 20 October 2018. On 6 February 2025, Faull announced that she intended to retire effective 1 September. In the ensuing vacancy, Neil Warwick, Bishop of Swindon (as sole suffragan bishop of the diocese) is acting diocesan bishop.
IUP Crimson Hawks football
The IUP Crimson Hawks football program represents Indiana University of Pennsylvania in college football at the NCAA Division II level.  The Crimson Hawks play their home games at George P. Miller Stadium in Indiana, Pennsylvania.

The Crimson Hawks' current head coach is Paul Tortorella, who was named acting head coach for the 2017 season after Curt Cignetti resigned to take the head coach position at Elon University. Cignetti had been introduced as IUP's head coach on January 21, 2011, to replace Lou Tepper. Before coming to IUP, Cignetti served as an assistant at the Division I level for 28 years.

Miller Stadium
Frank Cignetti Field at George P. Miller Stadium is a stadium located on the campus of Indiana University of Pennsylvania in Indiana, Pennsylvania. It is the home field for the IUP Crimson Hawks football, field hockey, and track & field teams.

The field surface is artificial turf and the stadium utilizes an Electro-Voice audio system.

In 2013, the field was named for former football head coach and College Football Hall of Fame member Frank Cignetti Sr.
Bassima Hakkaoui
Bassima Hakkaoui (Arabic: بسيمة الحقاوي - born 5 October 1960, Casablanca) is a Moroccan politician of the Justice and Development Party. Between 3 January 2012 until 9 October 2019, she has held the position of Minister of Solidarity, Women, Family and Social Development in Abdelilah Benkirane's cabinet. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2002, having been elected from the national list reserved for women. She was re-elected in 2007 and 2011. In 2018 a law went into effect throughout Morocco known as the Hakkaoui law because she drafted it; the law includes a ban on forced marriage and sexual harassment in public places, and harsher penalties for certain forms of violence. But it was criticized for requiring victims to file for criminal prosecution to get protection.

Abdelilah Benkirane
Abdelilah Benkirane (Arabic: عبد الإله بنكيران, romanized: ʻAbd al-Ilāh Binkīrān) is a Moroccan politician who served as Prime Minister of Morocco from 2011 to 2017. After having won a plurality of seats in the 2011 parliamentary election, his party, the moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party formed a coalition with three parties that had been part of previous governments.