hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue
The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) (simplified Chinese: 中美战略与经济对话; traditional Chinese: 中美戰略與經濟對話; pinyin: Zhōng Měi zhànlüè yǔ jīngjì duìhuà) was a high-level dialogue for the United States and China to discuss a wide range of regional and global strategic and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1, 2009, by U.S. President Barack Obama and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former Senior Dialogue and Strategic Economic Dialogue started under the George W. Bush administration.: 288  High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations met annually alternating between the two countries' capitals.

The S&ED was renamed the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue in June 2017. The Trump administration terminated the dialogue that year.

John Holdren
John Paul Holdren (born March 1, 1944) is an American scientist who served as the senior advisor to President Barack Obama on science and technology issues through his roles as assistant to the president for science and technology, director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and co-chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).

Holdren was previously the Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, director of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at the School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and director of the Woods Hole Research Center.
Palladacycle
Palladacycle, as a class of metallacycles, refers to complexes containing at least one carbon-palladium bond. Palladacycles are invoked as intermediates in catalytic or palladium mediated reactions. They have been investigated as pre-catalysts for homogeneous catalysis and synthesis.

Cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:

R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl;
M = main group center such as Li or Mg;
X = halide

These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds.  Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions.

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Meduna
Meduna is a toponymic surname of Celtic origin derived from the hydronym Meduna via the related toponym Meduna (di Livenza). It is first attested as the name of the homonymus river in a charter issued by Charlemagne in the year 794, and appears as a surname in the early 11th century in Italy and since the late 16th century in the Czech lands, form where it spread mainly to Austria, the United States and Brazil.

Udine
Udine (US: /ˈuːdiːneɪ/ OO-dee-nay; Italian: [ˈuːdine] ⓘ; Friulian: Udin; Latin: Utinum; Slovene: Videm) is a city and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Carnic Alps. It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Udine. As of 2025, it has a population of 98,320 in the commune, and 176,000 in the urban area.
1971 BMC Invitational – Singles
The 1971 BMC Invitational – Singles was an event of the 1971 BMC Invitational women's tennis tournament and was played on indoor carpet courts at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, California in the United States between January 6 and January 9, 1971. The draw comprised 16 players of which 4 were seeded. First-seeded Billie Jean King won the singles title by defeating second-seeded Rosie Casals in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Ann Jones defeated Nancy Richey 6–4, 6–4 in the third place play-off.

1971 BMC Invitational
The 1971 BMC Invitational, also known as the British Motor Cars Invitational, was a women's tennis tournament that took place on indoor carpet courts at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco in the United States. It was the initial tournament of the 1971 WT Women's Pro Tour and as such was the first all-female professional tournament as part of a women's tennis tour. The event was held from January 6 through January 9, 1971. The final drew an attendance of 3,100 spectators who saw first-seeded Billie Jean King win the singles title and collect $4,300 first-prize money.
2021 COSAFA Women's U-17 Championship
The 2021 COSAFA U-17 Women's Championship was a part of the Region 5 Games Maseru 2020, and was the third edition of the COSAFA U-17 Women's Championship. The tournament took place in Setsoto Stadium in Maseru, Lesotho on December 2–6.

COSAFA U-17 Women's Championship
The COSAFA Women's U17 Championship is an annual football tournament for women's under-17 teams from Southern Africa organized by the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA). The tournament was introduced to develop the woman's game and strengthen the region's nation's competitiveness in the continental qualifiers.  Invited from CECAFA, Uganda become the first champions after beating South Africa in the inaugural 2019 final in Mauritius. Even the second edition was won by a CECAFA representant, this time Tanzania won over Zambia in the final.
Grand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari
The Grand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari dates back to 1947. The team is the most successful team in the history of Formula One racing, having contested every World Championship season since 1950, winning 15 Drivers' Championships and 16 Constructors' Championships.

Ferrari SF1000
The Ferrari SF1000 (also known by its internal name, Project 671) is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Ferrari, which competed in the 2020 Formula One World Championship.

The SF1000 was driven by Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc in 2020. The car was planned to make its competitive debut at the 2020 Australian Grand Prix. However, this was delayed when the race was called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the next nine events were either postponed or cancelled as well. The SF1000 ultimately made its debut at the 2020 Austrian Grand Prix.
LGBTQ history in Singapore
There is a long history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender activity in Singapore. Male homosexuality was outlawed under British rule (1819–1942; 1946–1959), despite being acknowledged among the local population. Following Japanese occupation during World War II and the country gaining independence, homosexuality and transvestism were visible as a street scene, and from the 1970s were catered for in some nightclubs. In that decade also, Singapore became a centre of gender-reassignment surgery.

Concerns over HIV arose after cases were reported in the 1980s. During the 1990s, police clamped down on manifestations of homosexuality due to the stigma of HIV, leading to the growth of a gay movement.

Alex Au
Alex Au Waipang, (simplified Chinese: 区伟鹏; traditional Chinese: 區偉鵬; pinyin: Ōu Wěi Péng) also known by his Internet pseudonym as Yawning Bread, is an advocate of LGBT rights in Singapore. Au is a blogger and activist who provides analyses of Singaporean politics, culture, gay issues and miscellaneous subjects on his blog. He is also the co-author of two books, People Like Us: Sexual Minorities in Singapore and a French-language treatise on homophobia entitled L'Homophobie.

He was the owner of Rairua, Singapore's first nude gay sauna.
Haselhorst (Berlin U-Bahn)
Haselhorst is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7. It was opened on 1 October 1984 with the line's extension from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau. Its name means "hazel eyrie" in English; it was named for the locality where it lies: Haselhorst in the borough of Spandau. It lies between the stations Zitadelle and Paulsternstraße.
It was built by R.G.Rümmler, mentionable are interesting light effects on the ceiling. The next station is Paulsternstraße.

Rathaus Spandau
The Rathaus Spandau (German: [ˈʁaːthaʊs ˈʃpandaʊ] ⓘ) is the town hall of the borough of Spandau in the western suburbs of Berlin, Germany. It was designed by Heinrich Reinhardt and Georg Süßenguth, and was built between 1910 and 1913. Until 1920, when Spandau was incorporated into Greater Berlin, it was the city hall of the independent city of Spandau.

The Rathaus Spandau is situated on Carl-Schurz-Straße at the southern edge of the Altstadt Spandau. The Rathaus Spandau station, on U-Bahn line U7, and the Berlin-Spandau station, served by S-Bahn, regional and intercity railway routes, are both situated nearby.
Boeing X-46
The Boeing X-46 was a proposed unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) that was to be developed in conjunction with the United States Navy and DARPA as a naval carrier-based variant of the Boeing X-45 UCAV being developed for the U.S. Air Force. Two contracts for technology demonstrators were awarded in June 2000, to Boeing for the X-46A and to Northrop Grumman for the X-47A.

However, in April 2003, the Air Force and the Navy efforts were formally combined under the joint DARPA/USAF/Navy J-UCAV program, later renamed J-UCAS (Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems), and the X-46 program was terminated as redundant.

A Navy-only N-UCAS demonstrator program started in the summer of 2006.  Boeing will use material developed for the X-46 and X-45 to propose the X-45N as a naval UCAV demonstrator.

Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems
Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems, or J-UCAS, was the name for the joint U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force unmanned combat air vehicle procurement project. Originally two separate projects of the U.S. Air Force and Navy respectively: UCAV and UCAV-N; both programs merged in 2003. The two vehicles involved in J-UCAS were the Boeing X-45 and Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus, originally part of UCAV and UCAV-N respectively. J-UCAS was managed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. In the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review, it was stated that the J-UCAS program would be terminated and instead a new long-range strategic bomber program, Next-Generation Bomber, for the Air Force would launch. The program was revitalized into a Navy-only program named UCAS-D.

The goal of the J-UCAS effort was to develop a "versatile combat network in which air and ground components are nodes that can be changed over time to support a wide range of potential missions."
Grădinile
Grădinile is a commune in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Arvăteasca, Grădinile, and Plăviceanca. These were part of Studina Commune until 2004, when they were split off.

The commune is situated on the Wallachian Plain. It is located in the southern part of Olt County, at a distance of 20 km (12 mi) from Caracal and Corabia, and 63 km (39 mi) from the county seat, Slatina.

Caracal, Romania
Caracal (Romanian pronunciation: [kaˈrakal] ⓘ) is a city in Olt County, Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Olt rivers. The region's plains are well known for their agricultural specialty in cultivating grains and over the centuries, Caracal has been the trading center for the region's agricultural output. Caracal has a population of 27,403 and is the second largest city in the region.
Nunca menos
Nunca menos (Spanish: "Never less") is a 2011 Argentine political campaign television commercial, made in support of Néstor Kirchner, who died in 2010. It also supports the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who was reelected for a second term in the 2011 Argentine general election.

2011 Argentine general election
General elections were held in Argentina on Sunday, 23 October 2011. Incumbent president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the Front for Victory won in a landslide, with 54% of the vote, securing a second term in office. The Front for Victory won just over half of the seats in the National Congress. As of 2023, this marked the last time the vice president-elect was not a woman.

Mercosur Parliamentarians were also popularly elected for the first time. Another novelty was the introduction of open, simultaneous and mandatory primaries. These took place 14 August 2011 to select the candidates of each political party or coalition.
Kiso District
Kiso (木曽郡, Kiso-gun) is a district located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of November 1, 2005, the district has an estimated population of 34,759 with a density of 22.48 persons per km2. The total area is 1,546.26 km2.

Kiso, Nagano (town)
Kiso (木曽町, Kiso-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 5 April 2019, the town had an estimated population of 11,045 in 4892 households, and a population density of 23 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 476.03 square kilometres (183.80 sq mi). Kiso Town is listed as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan.
Siddhaganga Intercity Express
The 12725 / 12726 Siddhaganga Intercity Express, formerly Intercity Express is a daily express train that runs between Dharwad and Bengaluru in Karnataka, India and it replaced Bangalore City (KSR Bengaluru) - Hubli (Hubballi) Shatabdi Express. and until 2009, this train ran from Hubballi to Bengaluru. It was extended to Dharwad on 8 December 2009. It takes 8 hours 50 minutes to cover 490 kilometres (300 mi). It has 17 stops and 65 intermediate Stations.
It is numbered as 12725/12726. The train belongs to Mysuru Division of South Western Railway.

South Western Railway zone
The South Western Railway (abbreviated SWR) is one of the 19 railway zones of Indian Railways, headquartered at Hubballi in the Indian state of Karnataka. SWR was created from carving out the routes from Southern Railways, South Central Railways and Central Railways in 2003.
SOLRAD 10
Solrad 10, also known Explorer 44, NRL-PL 165 and Explorer SE-C, was one of the SOLRAD series designed to provide continuous coverage of wavelength and intensity changes in solar radiation in the UV, soft and hard X-ray regions. The satellite also mapped the celestial sphere using a high-sensitivity X-ray detector. Information collected was expected to contribute to a better understanding of the physical processes involved in solar flares and other solar activity, and the potential effects of this activity on short-wave communications, as well as on future human space travel. For the period of July 1971 to June 1973, the core memory data of Explorer 44 (SOLRAD 10) were used rather than those from Explorer 37 (SOLRAD 9). The Explorer 44 (SOLRAD 10) core memory failed on 11 June 1973, and Explorer 37 (SOLRAD 9) was heavily used until 25 February 1974, when the gas supply of the attitude control system was exhausted.

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
Tsehay Hawkins
Tsehay Hawkins (/səˈhaɪ/, sə-HYE; born 15 November 2005) is an Australian dancer and singer, best known as a member of the Wiggles. She was the second female to be a member of the group and is the first member of African heritage, as well as the youngest to have ever joined, joining at age sixteen.

Bargo, New South Wales
Bargo is a town in the Macarthur Region of Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia, in the Wollondilly Shire. It is located approximately halfway between Campbelltown and Bowral, about 100 km south west of the Sydney CBD.

It is situated between the township of Tahmoor (north) and the village of Yanderra (south), and accessible via the Hume Highway that links Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne. It was previously known as West Bargo and Cobargo.
Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II
This is a Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II covering Britain 1939–45.

For a narrative history and bibliography of the home front see British home front during World War II, as well as history of Scotland § Second World War 1939–45 and history of Northern Ireland § Second World War.  For the military story see military history of the United Kingdom during World War II for foreign affairs, diplomatic history of World War II. For the government see Timeline of Winston Churchill's first premiership.

Timeline of Winston Churchill's first premiership
The following is a timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill, who was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill served as the prime minister of the United Kingdom during the bulk of World War II. His speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult days of 1940–41 when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to Nazi Germany. He led Britain as prime minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.

After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, Churchill became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour Government. He would go on to be re-elected as prime minister in 1951.
Xicha culture
The Xicha culture, also Xicha-Lijiaya culture was a culture of Inner Mongolia and Greater Ordos area, from 1300 BCE to 1000 BCE. It succeeded the Zhukaigou culture, and preceded the Bronze Age Ordos culture.

Archaeological finds corresponding to this culture are rather abundant, with tombs, ceramics, settlements, and bronze atifacts. The Xicha culture already used mold for casting bronze objects and weapons.

Ordos culture
The Ordos culture (simplified Chinese: 鄂尔多斯文化; traditional Chinese: 鄂爾多斯文化; pinyin: È'ěrduōsī Wénhuà) was a material culture occupying a region centered on the Ordos Loop (corresponding to the region of Suiyuan, including Baotou to the north, all located in modern Inner Mongolia, China) during the Bronze and early Iron Age from c. 800 BCE to 150 BCE. The Ordos culture is known for significant finds of Scythian art and may represent the easternmost extension of Indo-European Eurasian nomads, such as the Saka, or may be linkable to Palaeo-Siberians or Yeniseians. Under the Qin and Han dynasties, the area came under the control of contemporaneous Chinese states.
William Tecumseh Sherman (Saint-Gaudens)
William Tecumseh Sherman, also known as the Sherman Memorial or Sherman Monument, is a sculpture group honoring William Tecumseh Sherman, created by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and located at Grand Army Plaza in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1902 and dedicated on May 30, 1903, the gilded-bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and an accompanying statue, Victory, an allegorical female figure of the Greek goddess Nike. The statues are set on a Stony Creek granite pedestal designed by the architect Charles Follen McKim.

Nike (mythology)
In Greek mythology and ancient religion, Nike (Ancient Greek: Νίκη, lit. 'Victory') is the personification of the abstract concept of victory. She was the goddess of victory in battle, as well as in other kinds of contests. According to Hesiod's Theogony, she is the daughter of Styx and the Titan Pallas, and the sister of similar personifications: Zelus, Kratos, and Bia (i.e. Rivalry, Strength, and Force).

Nike is little-attested in the archeological record but appears to have had a close association with Zeus and Athena. She was one of the first gods to support Zeus in his overthrow of the Titans, and because of this Zeus always kept Nike with him. Nonnus makes her the attendant of Athena, and gives her a role in Zeus's victory over Typhon. In Athens, she was particularly associated with Athena, and the cult of Athena Nike. In art Nike is typically portrayed as winged and moving at great speed. Her Roman equivalent is the goddess Victoria.
Kepler-23
Kepler-23 is a G-type main-sequence star about 2,860 light-years (880 parsecs) away in the northern constellation of Cygnus, the swan. With an apparent visual magnitude of 13.5, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. This star is similar in mass and temperature to the Sun, but is larger and more luminous. Kepler-23 is orbited by three known exoplanets.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Eduardo Rodríguez (Spanish footballer)
Eduardo Rodríguez Fernández (born 8 June 1966) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He is Hércules league's all-time top scorer and played professionally for 13 years, in representation of five clubs.

1990–91 Segunda División B
The 1990–91 Segunda División B season was the 14th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 1 September 1990, and the season ended in 23 June 1991 with the promotion play-off final games.
Fort Levett
Fort Levett was a former U.S. Army fort built on Cushing Island, Maine, beginning in 1898. Located in Cumberland County, Maine, in Casco Bay near Portland, Maine, the fort was heavily fortified with guns for coastal defense. Conceived under the Endicott Program in 1885 and begun in the wake of the Spanish–American War, Fort Levett was manned during both world wars. It was part of the Coast Defenses of Portland, later renamed the Harbor Defenses of Portland, a command which protected Portland's port and naval anchorage from 1904 to 1950. The fort's name is sometimes misspelled "Leavitt".

6-inch gun M1897
The 6-inch gun M1897 (152 mm) and its variants the M1900, M1903, M1905, M1908, and M1 (a.k.a. T2) were coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1897 and 1945. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. They were installed on disappearing carriages or pedestal (a.k.a. barbette) mountings, and during World War II many were remounted on shielded barbette carriages. Most of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped within a few years after World War II.