hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alekhin (crater)
Alekhin is a lunar impact crater that is located on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the north of the crater Zeeman, and south-southeast of Fizeau. To the west lies Crommelin, and east-southeast is Doerfel.

The rim of Alekhin has been heavily eroded by subsequent impacts to the point where the edge is little more than a curving rise in the surface. The outer wall is completely overlain by the crater pair formed by crater Dawson across the northwest rim and Dawson D on the northern rim. The southern rim is somewhat more heavily marked by gouges and irregularities in the surface, compared to the northeast rim. On the floor are a number of tiny craterlets.

Crommelin (lunar crater)
Crommelin is an ancient lunar impact crater that is located in the vicinity of the south pole of the Moon, on the far side. It lies to the north of the large crater Zeeman, and to the east-northeast of Numerov.

This formation has been almost completely worn away by subsequent impacts, leaving little more than a crater-riddled depression in the surface. There is an equally worn crater lying across the northern rim, and Crommelin X is attached to the outward-bulging northwest perimeter. The largest of the craterlets within the interior form a pair near the southern rim. There is a slight central peak, consisting of little more than a low rise in the surface.
Verstanclahorn
The Verstanclahorn is a mountain of the Swiss Silvretta Alps, located between Piz Buin and Piz Linard in the canton of Graubünden. The mountain has a pyramidal shape with the northern face lying above the Verstancla Glacier. The smaller glacier Vadret da las Maisas lies on the south side.

The mountain is located on the ridge between the central Graubünden (north) and the Engadine valley (south), also separating the basins of the Rhine and Inn River.

The closest locality is Lavin, on the southern side.

Inn (river)
The Inn (German pronunciation: [ɪn] ⓘ; Latin: Aenus; Romansh: En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The 518 km (322 mi) long river is a right tributary of the Danube, being the third largest tributary of the Danube by discharge. The highest point of its drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Engadine, the valley of the En, is the only Swiss valley whose waters end up in the Black Sea (via the Danube).
Gmina Sieradz
Gmina Sieradz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sieradz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 181.63 square kilometres (70.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,788.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Warta-Widawka Landscape Park.

Sieradz County
Sieradz County (Polish: powiat sieradzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sieradz, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains three other towns: Złoczew, lying 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Sieradz, Warta, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sieradz.

The county covers an area of 1,491.04 square kilometres (575.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 121,013, out of which the population of Sieradz is 44,045, that of Złoczew is 3,403, that of Warta is 3,388, that of Błaszki is 2,179, and the rural population is 67,998.
Nowcasting (economics)
Nowcasting in economics is the prediction of the very recent past, the present, and the very near future state of an economic indicator. The term is a portmanteau of "now" and "forecasting" and originates in meteorology. Typical measures used to assess the state of an economy, such as gross domestic product (GDP) or inflation, are only determined after a delay and are subject to revision. In these cases, nowcasting such indicators can provide an estimate of the variables before the true data are known. Nowcasting models have been applied most notably in central banks, who use the estimates to monitor the state of the economy in real-time as a proxy for official measures.

Dynamic factor
In econometrics, a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in certain macroeconomic models.

A diffusion index is intended to indicate

the changes of the fraction of economic data time series which increase or decrease over the selected time interval,

an increase or decrease in future economic activity,

provide some correlation to the business sentiment of companies.

Formally

where  is the vector of lagged factors of the variables in the  matrix  (T is the number of observations and N is the number of variables),  are the factor loadings, and  is the factor error.
Vignerons indépendants de France
The Vignerons indépendants de France (VIF) (English: Independent winemakers of France) is a viticultural trade association based in Paris that promotes and assists small and independent winemakers within France, similar to the British Society of Independent Brewers (SIBA). Members may use the association's logo on their products. In 1978, it was set up as confédération nationale des caves particulières. (CNCP), but changed their name and their charter in 2003 to try to unite and support independent winemakers and help them fight to keep their independence against powerful winemaking cooperatives. They currently have between 6000 and 10000 members throughout France (as of 2009).

Each year, VIF arranges a number of wine fairs (Salon des vins) in different cities in France.

Winemaking cooperative
A winemaking cooperative is an agricultural cooperative which is involved in winemaking, and which in a similar way to other cooperatives is owned by its members. The members in a winemaking cooperative are usually vineyard owners, who deliver grapes to the cooperative, which is involved in production of wine from the grapes and the subsequent marketing activities.

Winemaking cooperatives are responsible for a significant proportion of the total wine production in many major wine-producing countries, including most of the classical European wine countries, but their importance varies much between different wine regions within these countries. Cooperatives tend to be more important in regions where the wine’s selling price is relatively low and average size of vineyard holdings is small.

While some winemaking cooperatives were established in the 19th century, the majority were established in the early 1930s following the Great Depression.
Yuryevetsky District
Yuryevetsky District (Russian: Ю́рьевецкий райо́н, Yuryevetsky rayon) is an administrative and municipal district (rayon), one of twenty-one in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The administrative center is the town of Yuryevets.

Puchezhsky District
Puchezhsky District (Russian: Пу́чежский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 785 square kilometers (303 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Puchezh. Population: 11,066 (2021 Census); 13,863 (2010 Census); 17,490 (2002 Census); 22,060 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Puchezh accounts for 62.2% of the district's total population.
Ohio Penitentiary
The Ohio Penitentiary, also known as the Ohio State Penitentiary, was a prison operated from 1834 to 1984 in downtown Columbus, Ohio, in what is now known as the Arena District. The state had built a small prison in Columbus in 1813, but as the state's population grew the earlier facility was not able to handle the number of prisoners sent to it by the courts. When the penitentiary first opened in 1834, not all of the buildings were completed. The prison housed 5,235 prisoners at its peak in 1955. Prison conditions were described as "primitive" and the facility was eventually replaced by the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, a maximum security facility in Lucasville. During its operation, it housed several well-known inmates, including General John H. Morgan, George "Bugs" Moran, O. Henry, Chester Himes, and Sam Sheppard. A separate women's prison was built within its walls in 1837. The buildings were demolished in 1997.

Prison riot
A prison riot is an act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against the prison administrators, prison officers, or other groups of prisoners.

Academic studies of prison riots emphasize a connection between prison conditions (such as prison overcrowding) and riots, or discuss the dynamics of the modern prison riot. In addition, a large proportion of academic studies concentrate on specific cases of prison riots. Other recent research analyzes and examines prison strikes and reports of contention with inmate workers.
Pabdeh Formation
The Pabdeh Formation is a Late Eocene to Early Oligocene-aged geological formation in Iran. It outcrops along the Zagros Mountains. It was deposited in a deepwater environment in the upper bathyal zone of the Paratethys Sea, with these abyssal sediments being lifted high above sea level from the uplift of the Zagros fold and thrust belt as part of the Alpide orogeny.

A high number of fossil fishes are known from this formation, the majority of which appear to have pelagic and deepwater affinities. These are mostly known from two localities near Elam and Istehbanat. The age of these localities have been disputed, and have previously been considered to be Early Oligocene, but are now generally thought to be middle to late Eocene in age, most likely Priabonian. Some fossils of migratory insects (a locust and ant alates), as well as fish and birds, are also known from presumed early Oligocene-aged strata near Babaheidar.

Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains are a mountain range in West Asia spanning Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 miles). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast to the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, and the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Mulla Sinan Maxhera
Mulla Sinan Maxhera (1863 – 7 July 1910), was an Albanian imam and rebel against the Ottoman Empire. He is most known for his participation in the Albanian Revolt of 1910, where he served as a rebel leader and the right-hand man of Idriz Seferi, for which he was later executed and hanged by the Young Turks.

Skopska Crna Gora
Skopska Crna Gora or Karadak Mountains (Macedonian and Serbian: Скопска Црна Гора, pronounced [skôpskaː tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra]; Albanian: Malësia e Karadakut), often called simply Crna Gora (Macedonian and Serbian: Црна Гора; Albanian: Mali i Zi), is a mountain range and ethnographic region in North Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia. The highest peak is Ramno 1,651 m (5,417 ft) in Macedonia. The largest town on the mountain is Kučevište in North Macedonia.
Archibald v. Braverman
Archibald v. Braverman, 275 Cal. App. 2d 253 (1969), was a case decided by the California Court of Appeals that first ruled that visual perception of an accident was not a necessary prerequisite to recovery for negligent infliction of emotional distress under the criteria enunciated in Dillon v. Legg.  The holding in Archibald was later overruled by the 1989 case Thing v. La Chusa.

Dillon v. Legg
Dillon v. Legg, 68 Cal. 2d 728 (1968), was a landmark case decided by the Supreme Court of California that established the tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress.  To date, it is the most persuasive decision of the most persuasive state supreme court in the United States during the latter half of the 20th century: Dillon has been favorably cited and followed by at least twenty reported out-of-state appellate decisions, more than any other California appellate decision in the period from 1940 to 2005. It was also favorably cited by the House of Lords in an important case on nervous shock, McLoughlin v O'Brian [1983].
2019 MercedesCup
The 2019 MercedesCup was a men's tennis tournament to be played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 42nd edition of the Stuttgart Open, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It was held at the Tennis Club Weissenhof in Stuttgart, Germany, from 10 June until 16 June 2019. Unseeded Matteo Berrettini won the singles title.

2019 ATP Tour
The 2019 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour 500 series, the ATP Tour 250 series and Davis Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 2019 calendar were the Hopman Cup, the Laver Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals which do not distribute ranking points. For the Masters series events the ATP introduced a shot clock. Players had a minute to come on court, 5 minutes to warmup, and then a minute to commence play, as well as 25 seconds between points.
GNOME Do
GNOME Do (often referred to as Do) is a free and open-source application launcher for Linux originally created by David Siegel, and currently maintained by Alex Launi. Like other application launchers, it allows searching for applications and files, but it also allows specifying actions to perform on search results. GNOME Do allows for quick finding of miscellaneous artifacts of GNOME environment (applications, Evolution and Pidgin contacts, Firefox bookmarks, Rhythmbox artists and albums, and so on) and execute the basic actions on them (launch, open, email, chat, play, etc.).

While it is designed primarily for the GNOME desktop, it works in other desktop environments, such as KDE.

GNOME Do was inspired by Quicksilver for Mac OS X, and GNOME Launch Box.

Quicksilver (software)
Quicksilver is a utility app for macOS. Originally developed as proprietary freeware by Nicholas Jitkoff of Blacktree, Inc., it is now an open-source project hosted on GitHub.

Quicksilver is essentially a graphical shell for the macOS operating system, allowing users to use the keyboard to rapidly perform tasks such as launching other apps, manipulating files, or sending e-mail. Since its first release in 2003, many of its features have subsequently been integrated into the modern macOS system feature, Spotlight. It is similar to the macOS applications LaunchBar and Alfred, but uses a different interaction paradigm. Because of its flexible interface and extensibility, Quicksilver has been called one of the top productivity applications on the Mac.
Get Nice! (album)
Get Nice! is the ninth studio album released by American punk rock band Zebrahead. It is the band's first album to feature original material since the release of their seventh studio album Phoenix in 2008. It is the last album to feature Greg Bergdorf as lead guitarist after his departure in 2013.

Phoenix (Zebrahead album)
Phoenix is the seventh studio album released by American punk rock band Zebrahead. Shawn Harris of The Matches created the artwork for the album, as he did with the band's previous album Broadcast to the World. Phoenix  was made available for streaming via Fuse's website on July 31, 2008, before being released on August 5, 2008 through Icon Mes. The band was due to embark on a US tour in August and September 2008,  but had to cancel it when frontman Matty Lewis started suffering from vocal issues. They ended up going on a tour of mainland Europe in October 2008.
Angelica tomentosa
Angelica tomentosa is a species of angelica known as woolly angelica. It is native to the coastal mountain ranges of California and southern Oregon, where it grows in wooded areas. This is a taprooted perennial herb producing an erect, hollow stem to heights generally between 1 and 2 meters. The leaves may be nearly a meter long but are actually made up of many leaflike leaflets, each up to 12 centimeters long and lance-shaped to oval and sometimes toothed. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of up to 60 long rays each bearing clusters of whitish or yellowish flowers.

Angelica
Angelica is a genus of about 90 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Sápmi, and Greenland. They grow to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic.

Some species can be found in purple moor and rush pastures.
1991 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship
The 1991 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1974. The championship ran from 12 May to 7 July 1991.

London entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played at Cusack Park in Mullingar on 7 July 1991 between Westmeath and London, in what was their third meeting in the All-Ireland final and a first meeting in seven years. Westmeath won the match by 2-12 to 2-06 to claim their third All-Ireland title overall.

Westmeath's David Kilcoyne was the championship's top scorer with 2-19.

1974 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship
The 1974 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's secondary inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 12 May 1974 and ended on 23 June 1974.

On 23 June 1974, Kildare won the championship following a 1–26 to 3–13 defeat of Antrim in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title in hurling, following on from earlier successes in the intermediate and junior grades. The prize for the winners was a place in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

Kildare's Johnny Walsh was the championship's top scorer with 0-20.
Reina Victoria lift
The Reina Victoria lift (ascensor Reina Victoria) is a funicular located in Valparaíso, Chile.

The funicular is owned by the municipality and stretches from Elias Street to Paseo Dimalow. It was built 1902 and opened 1903.

The lower station is located next to Plaza Anibal Pinto. The Elias stairs to Cerro Alegre are located next to the station.

The upper station leads to a square which connects to Paseo Dimalow through a bridge from the early 19th century. The station was restored, and an arrival square including a playground for children, seats, and street lights were built. Cerro Panteón and Cerro Cárcel, along with some of the "Barrio de San Juan de Dios", can be seen from here. Capilla Street is next to the alley, connecting Reyes alley and Caracoles alley.

Plaza Aníbal Pinto
The Plaza Aníbal Pinto is a plaza built on reclaimed land in Valparaíso, Chile. Formerly Plaza del Orden, Plaza Aníbal Pinto is named after Aníbal Pinto. It features a fountain called "Fuente de Neptuno" (Fountain of Neptune), which was erected in 1892.
2011–12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division knockout stage
The knockout stage of 2011-12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division took place between July 5, 2012 and July 8, 2012 with the final at the Manahan Stadium in Surakarta, Central Java. To determine which teams who were to be promoted to the Indonesia Super League After the completion of the group stage on 1 July 2012, four teams qualified for the semi-finals (two from each group), which were played from 5 July 2012. The Champions, Runner-Up, and the 3rd Place finishers directly qualified to the 2012-13 Indonesia Super League with the 4th-place finisher qualified via Play-off with the 15th-place finisher of the 2011-12 Indonesia Super League.

2012 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final
The 2011 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final is a scheduled football match played on 8 July 2012 at the Manahan Stadium in Surakarta, Indonesia, to determine the winner of 2011–12 Liga Indonesia Premier Division.

PS Barito Putera took the title after defeating Persita Tangerang in the final with a score of 2–1. This was their first premier division title.
Bill Burgess
Thomas William Burgess (15 June 1872 – 5 July 1950) was the second person to successfully complete a swim of the English Channel after Matthew Webb, following sixteen attempts. Burgess was British but spent most of his life in France, and won a bronze medal with the French water polo team at the 1900 Olympics.

In 1926 he coached Gertrude Ederle, who became the first woman to swim the English Channel.

Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury
Major Charles Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury, 20th Earl of Waterford, 5th Earl Talbot , KCVO (13 November 1860 – 7 May 1921), styled Viscount Ingestre from 1868 to 1877, was a British peer. Unusually for a wealthy nobleman of the period, he began several businesses connected with road transport, with mixed success.
Knowledge survey
A knowledge survey is a method of evaluating the delivery of a course through the gathering of feedback from the learner on the level of the knowledge they acquired after the completion of the instruction. It usually consists of questions that cover the content of the course. The surveys evaluate student learning and content mastery at all levels: from basic knowledge and comprehension through higher levels of thinking. Knowledge surveys can serve as both formative and summative assessment tools. They are effective in helping:

students learn

students develop metacognitive self-assessment skills required for self-efficacy

instructors improve course organization

promote clarity and disclosure

departments align curricula and pedagogies to promote intellectual development.

Formative assessment
Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. The goal of a formative assessment is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work. It also helps faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student and teacher that focuses on the details of content and performance.  It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability.