hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elm Park, Winnipeg
Elm Park is a neighbourhood in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Located in the northern section of the district of St. Vital, it is bounded to the north by the Red River, to the east by St. Mary's Road, to the south by Fermor Avenue, and to the west by Dunkirk Drive. As of the 2021 census, Elm Park had a population of 1,435.

Winnipeg Route 135
Route 135, also known as Fermor Avenue, is a city route in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It runs from Dunkirk Drive to the Winnipeg city limit, through the suburbs of St. Vital and St. Boniface.

The route begins as a principal arterial road, passing through residential, commercial, and industrial areas before becoming an expressway with service roads east of Lagimodière Boulevard (Highway 59). The section between St. Anne's Road and the Perimeter Highway forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) route through the city.
145th meridian east
The meridian 145° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 145th meridian east forms a great circle with the 35th meridian west.

35th meridian west
The meridian 35° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean,  South America, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
Jayne Belnap
Jayne Belnap (born February 2, 1952) is an American soil ecologist. Her expertise lies in desert ecologies and grassland ecosystems.

In 2008, she was recognised by the Ecological Society of America as one of the most outstanding ecologists in the United States. In 2010 and 2013, she received awards from the United States Department of Interior as one of the most outstanding women in science. In 2015, she was elected as a fellow of the Ecological Society of America.

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Method of undetermined coefficients
In mathematics, the method of undetermined coefficients is an approach to finding a particular solution to certain nonhomogeneous ordinary differential equations and recurrence relations. It is closely related to the annihilator method, but instead of using a particular kind of differential operator (the annihilator) in order to find the best possible form of the particular solution, an ansatz or 'guess' is made as to the appropriate form, which is then tested by differentiating the resulting equation. For complex equations, the annihilator method or variation of parameters is less time-consuming to perform.

Undetermined coefficients is not as general a method as variation of parameters, since it only works for differential equations that follow certain forms.

Homogeneous differential equation
A differential equation can be homogeneous in either of two respects.

A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written

where f and g are homogeneous functions of the same degree of x and y. In this case, the change of variable y = ux leads to an equation of the form 

which is easy to solve by integration of the two members.

Otherwise, a differential equation is homogeneous if it is a homogeneous function of the unknown function and its derivatives. In the case of linear differential equations, this means that there are no constant terms. The solutions of any linear ordinary differential equation of any order may be deduced by integration from the solution of the homogeneous equation obtained by removing the constant term.
1930 Detroit Titans football team
The 1930 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1930 college football season. Detroit outscored opponents by a combined total of 208 to 35 and finished with a 5–3–2 record in their sixth year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Gus Dorais. Significant games included a victory over West Virginia (23–0), a scoreless tie with Michigan State (0–0), and a loss to Iowa (3–7).

1930 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 1930 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jim Crowley, the Spartans compiled a 5–1–2 record and played to a scoreless tie in their annual rivalry game with Michigan. In inter-sectional play, the team defeated Colgate (14–7) and North Dakota State (19–11) and lost to Georgetown (14–13).

The 1930 Michigan State team played "iron man" football with few substitutions. Sophomore halfback Bob Monnett led the way, playing 440 minutes for the team, missing only 40 minutes from the team's eight games. Center Francis "Buddy" Meyers ranked second with 434 minutes played followed by quarterback Roger Grove (419 minutes), end Cecil Fogg (418 minutes), and tackles Ralph Brunette (414 minutes) and Don Ridler (411 minutes).
Honours (Spain)
The Honours (Matrícula de Honor, in Spanish) is the maximum and extraordinary grade that can be obtained in a subject at the university (in Spain).

This honours grade leads to a discount in the enrollment rates of the following course corresponding to the number of ECTS credits in which this mention has been obtained.

This should not be confused with the "Distinction of Honours at the Spanish Baccalaureate" which is an academic award granted annually to the students who have completed their Spanish Baccalaureate with the best academic record and with the highest grade point average in their Class. In contrast, the Honours is a grade in a subject at the university.

Academic Awards in Spain
There are three official Academic Awards in Spain.

At the end of each Academic year, students of Spain who attained the highest overall grades during their Graduate studies may be honored by the National Government, the Regional Government or the University, provided they pass a number of exams. The entire selection process lasts 2 months, and its ultimate goal is to recognize the best Graduate of that year nationwide (one for each Scientific discipline).
Differential testing
Differential testing, also known as differential fuzzing, is a software testing technique that detect bugs, by providing the same input to a series of similar applications (or to different implementations of the same application), and observing differences in their execution. Differential testing complements traditional software testing because it is well-suited to find semantic or logic bugs that do not exhibit explicit erroneous behaviors like crashes or assertion failures. Differential testing is also called back-to-back testing.

Differential testing finds semantic bugs by using different implementations of the same functionality as cross-referencing oracles, pinpointing differences in their outputs over the same input: any discrepancy between the program behaviors on the same input is marked as a potential bug.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
Midsayap
Midsayap, officially the Municipality of Midsayap (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Midsayap, Jawi: ايڠد نو ميدسايڤ; Iranun: Inged a Midsayap, ايڠد نو ميدسايۏ; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Midsayap; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Midsayap; Tagalog: Bayan ng Midsayap), is a municipality in the Province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 117,365 people.

Aleosan
Aleosan, officially the Municipality of Aleosan (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Aleosan, Jawi: ايڠد نو الاوسن; Iranun: Inged a Aleosan, ايڠد ا الاوسن; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Aleosan; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Aleosan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Aleosan), is a  municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 36,892 people.
Leo III the Isaurian
Leo III the Isaurian (Greek: Λέων ὁ Ἴσαυρος, romanized: Leōn ho Isauros; c. 685 – 18 June 741), also known as the Syrian, was the first Byzantine emperor of the Isaurian dynasty from 717 until his death in 741. He put an end to the Twenty Years' Anarchy, a period of great instability in the Byzantine Empire between 695 and 717, marked by the rapid succession of several emperors to the throne, along with ending the continual defeats and territorial losses the Byzantines had suffered during the 7th century. He also successfully defended the Empire against the invading Umayyads and forbade the veneration of icons.

Methodios I of Constantinople
Methodius I of Constantinople or Methodios I (Greek: Μεθόδιος Α΄; 788/800 – 14 June 847) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 11 March 843 to 14 June 847. He was born in Syracuse and died in Constantinople. His feast day is celebrated on June 14 in both the East and the West.
Aberdeen Roughnecks
The Aberdeen Roughnecks are an American football club based in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who compete in the BAFA National Leagues NFC 1 Scotland. The team operate from the sports field within Hazlehead Park that they nickname "The Rig". They were formed in 2012 and after progressing out of Associate status they debuted in the 2014 season. The club have paid homage to the previous Aberdeen-based side the Granite City Oilers and have considered themselves a continuation of the Oilers.

The Roughnecks represent the most northern based team currently operating within the BAFANL, in 2018 they were crowned NFC 2 North champions and completed a perfect season when they defeated the Chester Romans in the Division Two Bowl game.

British American Football Association
The British American Football Association (BAFA) is the national governing body for the sport of American football and non-contact Flag football in the United Kingdom since 1985. It is affiliated to the International Federation of American Football (IFAF). In 2010, they formed the BAFA National Leagues as the country's primary competition for contact football. Their flagship event is the annual Britbowl which is competed by the top two sides of the BAFANL Premier Divisions.

In 2023 the organization began a partnership with the National Football League to promote flag football. The partnership will "accelerate the delivery and participation of Flag Football at all levels of the game."
Vinayaka Chaviti
Vinayaka Chaviti is a 1957 Telugu-language Hindu mythological film written and directed by Samudrala Sr. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Jamuna and music composed by Ghantasala. It was produced by K. Gopala Rao under the Aswaraja Pictures banner. The story is of Syamantakopakhyanam, annually read during the Ganesh Chaturthi festival day celebrations of Lord Vinayaka. The film was dubbed into Tamil as Vinayaga Chathurthi and was released in 1959 and later into Hindi in 1973 as Ganesh Chaturti.

Jambavati
Jambavati (Sanskrit: जाम्बवती, romanized: Jāmbavatī) is chronologically the second Ashtabharya of the Hindu god Krishna. She is the only daughter of the bear-king Jambavan. Krishna marries her when he defeats her father, Jambavan, in his quest to retrieve the stolen Syamantaka jewel.
Area codes 805 and 820
Area codes 805 and 820 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. state of California. The numbering plan area (NPA) includes most or all of the counties of San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, and the southernmost portions of Monterey County. 805 was split from area code 213 in 1957, and area code 820 was added to the NPA in 2018, creating an area code overlay.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Răcari
Răcari is a town located in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania. It administers seven villages: Bălănești, Colacu, Ghergani, Ghimpați, Mavrodin, Săbiești, and Stănești. It was declared a town in 2004.

The town is located in the southeastern part of the county, 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Bucharest, on road DN7. It lies in the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 140 m (460 ft), and is traversed by the rivers Colentina and Ilfov. Răcari borders the following communes: Bilciurești and Cojasca to the north, Tărtășești and Ciocănești to the south, Butimanu to the east, and Conțești and Cornățelu to the west.

Cojasca
Cojasca is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cojasca, Fântânele, and Iazu.

At the 2011 census, the commune had 8,276 inhabitants, of which 77.8% were Roma and 22.2% Romanians. At the 2021 census, Cojasca had a population of 8,025; of those, 55.15% were Roma and 27.28% Romanians.
Eberhard Gothein
Eberhard H. Gothein (29 October 1853 in Neumarkt – 13 November 1923 in Berlin) was a German economist and historian. Gothein was a professor at University of Karlsruhe (1885), University of Bonn (1890), and Heidelberg University (1904). He was a representative of the liberal-positivist opposition against the Prussian historical school of Heinrich von Treitschke and Heinrich von Sybel, which was prevalent in Germany. Gothein was the author of valuable works on cultural and economic history, primarily of the 15th to 17th centuries. Furthermore, he was one of the founding fathers of the University of Mannheim's predecessor, the Handelshochschule Mannheim.

Heinrich von Sybel
Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel (2 December 1817 – 1 August 1895) was a German historian and politician, who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1862 to 1864 and from 1874 to 1880. He was a professor at the University of Bonn from 1861 to 1875 and director of the Prussian Archives from 1875.
Rohanlal Chaturvedi
Rohan Chaturvedi (born 7 July 1919, date of death unknown) was an Indian politician who was a member of 5th Lok Sabha from Etah (Lok Sabha constituency) in Uttar Pradesh State, India. He was born in Lakhimpur Kheri.

Chaturvedi was elected to 1st and 4th from Etah and 2nd Lok Sabha from Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency).

Barhan Jn to Etah railway line was sanctioned and got operational during his tenure as Minister of state (Railways).

Chaturvedi died prior to 2012.

4th Lok Sabha
The 4th Lok Sabha was in session from 4 March 1967 to 27 December 1970. Its members were elected in February and March 1967. 13 sitting members from the Rajya Sabha were elected to the 4th Lok Sabha in the general election.

Indira Gandhi was again the Prime Minister, as in the 3rd Lok Sabha. Her premiership would continue into the following Lok Sabha, the 5th, which was constituted after the 1971 Indian general election.
John Guckenheimer
John Mark Guckenheimer (born 1945) joined the Department of Mathematics at Cornell University in 1985. He was previously at the University of California, Santa Cruz (1973-1985). He was a Guggenheim fellow in 1984, and was elected president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), serving from 1997 to 1998. Guckenheimer received his A.B. in 1966 from Harvard and his Ph.D. in 1970 from Berkeley, where his Ph.D. thesis advisor was Stephen Smale.

His book Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems and Bifurcation of Vector Fields (with Philip Holmes) is an extensively cited work on dynamical systems.

Stephen Smale
Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician, known for his research in topology, dynamical systems and mathematical economics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 and spent more than three decades on the mathematics faculty of the University of California, Berkeley (1960–1961 and 1964–1995), where he currently is Professor Emeritus, with research interests in algorithms, numerical analysis and global analysis.
Garden Hill First Nation
Garden Hill is the second largest of three reserves of the Island Lake region of Manitoba.

Garden Hill First Nations (Oji-Cree: ᑭᐢᑎᑲᐣᐘᒋᐣᐠ, Kistiganwacheeng), the reserve's First Nations community, is located in the northeast section of the Canadian province of Manitoba on the shore of Island Lake.

Garden Hill had a population of 3,054 in the 2021 Canadian census. The residents of Garden Hill speak Oji-Cree and English. It is only accessible by winter ice roads via St. Theresa Point and by air. Nearby on Island Lake are the communities of Wasagamack of the Wasagamack First Nation, St. Theresa Point of the St. Theresa Point First Nation, and the northern settlement of Island Lake.

Wasagamack
Wasagamack or Waasagomach is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is a settlement of the Wasagamack First Nation located on the western shore  of Island Lake on Waasagomach Bay north of St. Theresa Point. It is only accessible by boat across Island Lake, ice roads or by air. Wasagamack had a population of 1,411 in the 2011 Canadian census.
Dolni Chiflik Municipality
Dolni Chiflik Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Долни чифлик) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre: the town of Dolni Chiflik.

The municipality spreads from Dalgopol Municipality in the west to the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the east. To the north the area is mostly defined by the Kamchiya river and its estuary. Its territory is 487 km2 (188 sq mi),  with a population, as of December 2009, of 19,316 inhabitants.

Dalgopol Municipality
Dalgopol Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Дългопол) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Dalgopol.

The municipality embraces a territory of 442 km2 (171 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 14,364 inhabitants. The area contains the Tsonevo Reservoir - the third biggest in the country, developed along the Luda Kamchiya river which is the main tributary of Kamchiya river that crosses the municipality from west to east.
Adrachti
Adrachti (Greek: Αδράχτι) is a rock in the Meteora rock formation complex of Thessaly, Greece.

Due to its long, thin shape, it is sometimes called the "Spindle". In clockwise order, starting from the north, it is surrounded by Sourloti, Modi, Alysos, Agia, and Pyxari rocks.

The tip of Adrachti stands at a height of 474 m (1,555 ft) above sea level.

Surloti
Surloti or Sourloti (Greek: Σουρλωτή) is a rock in the Meteora rock formation complex of Thessaly, Greece. It is located on the southern side of the westward-facing valley in which Kastraki, Trikala has been partially settled. Kastraki is a northern suburb of Kalabaka. Opposite Surloti on the northern side of the valley is Holy Spirit Rock. The valley ascends into that part of the Meteora massif containing the highest density of monasteries. Usually from any one monastery one or two others are visible. They all look down into the valley and on Kastraki. Beyond Kastraki can be seen the Pineios River, flowing N-S there.

The Monastery of St. Eustratius (Moni Agios Efstratios, Μονή Αγίου Ευστρατίου) is a little-known monastery on Surloti Rock (βράχου Σουρλωτή).
Finn Hvistendahl
Finn Arild Hvistendahl (born 12 February 1942) is a Norwegian businessperson.

He graduated as siv.ing. in 1964, and worked in Norsk Hydro from 1966 to 1968, in Dyno Industrier from 1968 to 1971 and again in Norsk Hydro from 1971 to 1991. He was then CEO of Den norske Bank from 1991 to 1998. He was chairman of the board of Orkla from 2000 to 2001 and the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway from 2002. He was sacked in Den norske Bank, and received a golden parachute of 10,800,000 kr.

He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
Edward William Coon
Edward William Coon (31 July 1871 – 12 January 1934) was an American produce merchant and cheesemaker, who patented a cheese-ripening process that eschewed pasteurization, instead retaining the live bacteria to produce a cheese that was said to be more easily digested and have a more attractive flavor. His cheese-making process and name were drawn into the media spotlight in the wake of a controversy surrounding the name of the Australian Coon cheese.

Cape Vincent, New York
Cape Vincent is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,765 at the 2020 census.

The town is in the northwestern part of the county. In the town is a village also called Cape Vincent. Both town and village are northwest of Watertown.
Gerald E. McClearn
Gerald "Jerry" McClearn (July 28, 1927 – January 5, 2017) was an American behavior geneticist and professor emeritus of health and human development and biobehavioral health at the Pennsylvania State University.

Behavior Genetics Association
The Behavior Genetics Association (BGA) is a learned society established in 1970 that promotes research into the connections between heredity and behavior, both human and animal. Its members support education and training in behavior genetics and publish Behavior Genetics, a journal on the topic.