hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stable principal bundle
In mathematics, and especially differential geometry and algebraic geometry, a stable principal bundle is a generalisation of the notion of a stable vector bundle to the setting of principal bundles. The concept of stability for principal bundles was introduced by Annamalai Ramanathan for the purpose of defining the moduli space of G-principal bundles over a Riemann surface, a generalisation of earlier work by David Mumford and others on the moduli spaces of vector bundles.

Many statements about the stability of vector bundles can be translated into the language of stable principal bundles. For example, the analogue of the Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence for principal bundles, that a holomorphic principal bundle over a compact Kähler manifold admits a Hermite–Einstein connection if and only if it is polystable, was shown to be true in the case of projective manifolds by Subramanian and Ramanathan, and for arbitrary compact Kähler manifolds by Anchouche and Biswas.

Kähler manifold
In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure. The concept was first studied by Jan Arnoldus Schouten and David van Dantzig in 1930, and then introduced by Erich Kähler in 1933. The terminology has been fixed by André Weil. Kähler geometry refers to the study of Kähler manifolds, their geometry and topology, as well as the study of structures and constructions that can be performed on Kähler manifolds, such as the existence of special connections like Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metrics such as Kähler–Einstein metrics.

Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold. Hodge theory is a central part of algebraic geometry, proved using Kähler metrics.
The Penitent (novel)
The Penitent (1983) is a novel by Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902–1991). It was originally published in installments in The Jewish Daily Forward (1973) with the Yiddish title of Der Baal Tshuve. The English translation was made by Joseph Singer for Farrar Straus & Giroux. It tells the story of Joseph Shapiro, emigrating from Poland in 1939 and from USSR in 1945 to the United States in 1947, where he becomes rich and involved with consumerism and lust, so that he decides to leave everything, including his job, his wife and his lover, and finally expatriate to Israel, where he wonders about the traditional values of Jewish culture.

Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Prizes. Since 1993, the publisher has been a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.
Chantal Camara
Chantal Camara Nanaba is an Ivorian judge. In April 2019, she was made president of the Court of Cassation, joining the other three judges Pierre Kobo Claver, Koné Mamadou and Francis Wodié. In May 2020 she became president of the Superior Council of the Judiciary. President of the republic, Alassane Ouattara, appointed her to a term of three years. She has received the highest honour bestowed by the state, the National Order of the Ivory Coast. On May 9, 2023, while she was a magistrate outside the hierarchy of group 1 single level, she was appointed President of the Constitutional Council by decree for a non-renewable term of six years. She succeeded Mamadou Koné after a two-year vacancy caused by "politico-judicial imbroglio" and took office on July 21, 2023.

Francis Wodié
Francis Vangah Romain Wodié (25 February 1936 – 3 July 2023) was an Ivorian politician, jurist, and human rights activist. He led the Ivorian Workers' Party (PIT) from 1990 to 2011. During that time, Wodié served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire from 1990 to 1995 and as Minister of Higher Education from 1998 to 1999. He was President of the Constitutional Council of Côte d'Ivoire from 2011 to 2015.
Aegis
The aegis (/ˈiːdʒɪs/ EE-jis; Ancient Greek: αἰγίς aigís), as stated in the Iliad, is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a deity named Aex, a daughter of Helios and a nurse of Zeus or alternatively a mistress of Zeus (Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 13).

The modern concept of doing something "under someone's aegis" means doing something under the protection of a powerful, knowledgeable, or benevolent source.  The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

Word stem
In linguistics, a word stem is a word part responsible for a word's lexical meaning. The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question. For instance, in Athabaskan linguistics, a verb stem is a root that cannot appear on its own and that carries the tone of the word.

Typically, a stem remains unmodified during inflection with few exceptions due to apophony (for example in Polish, miast-o ("city") and w mieść-e ("in the city"); in English, sing, sang, and sung, where it can be modified according to morphological rules or peculiarities, such as sandhi).

Word stem comparisons across languages have helped reveal cognates that have allowed comparative linguists to determine language families and their history.
Norman Carton
Norman Carton (January 7, 1908 – February 14, 1980) was an American artist and educator known for abstract expressionist art. He was born in Ukraine, at the time part of the Russian Empire and moved to the United States in 1922 where he spent most of his adult life.

A classically trained portrait and landscape artist, Carton also worked as a drafter, newspaper illustrator, muralist, theater set designer, photographer, and fabric designer and spent most of his mature life as an art educator. Carton showed in and continues to be shown in many solo and group exhibitions. His work is included in numerous museums and private collections throughout the world.

Chrysler Museum of Art
The Chrysler Museum of Art is an art museum on the border between downtown and the Ghent district of Norfolk, Virginia. The museum was founded in 1933 as the Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences.  In 1971, automotive heir Walter P. Chrysler Jr. (whose wife, Jean Outland Chrysler, was a native of Norfolk) donated most of his extensive collection to the museum. This single gift significantly expanded the museum's collection, making it one of the major art museums in the Southeastern United States. The museum has a collection of more than 35,000 objects, including one the largest glass collections in America. Its holdings range from media including paintings, sculpture, photography, and decorative arts. The Museum's campus also features the Perry Glass Studio, a full-service restaurant, a gift shop, Kaufman Theater, and the Goode Works on Paper Center, and it oversees the historic Myers House.
2019 in reptile paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2019.

Mosasaur
Mosasaurs (from Latin Mosa meaning the 'Meuse', and Greek σαύρος sauros meaning 'lizard') are an extinct group of large aquatic reptiles within the family Mosasauridae that lived during the Late Cretaceous. Their first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764. They belong to the order Squamata, which includes lizards and snakes.

During the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period (Turonian–Maastrichtian ages), with the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, mosasaurids became the dominant marine predators. They themselves became extinct as a result of the K-Pg event at the end of the Cretaceous period, about 66 million years ago.
Christopher O. Ward
Christopher Owen Ward (born 1954) is an American civil servant who served as executive director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey from May 1, 2008, until November 1, 2011, and as New York City Department of Environmental Protection commissioner from 2002 to 2005.

David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (July 10, 1927 – November 23, 2020) was an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines, the first African-American U.S. Marines, from 1945 to 1946. He graduated cum laude from Howard University and received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1956. A longtime member of Harlem's Carver Democratic Club, Dinkins began his electoral career by serving in the New York State Assembly in 1966, eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president. He won the 1989 New York City mayoral election, becoming the first African American to hold the office. After losing re-election in 1993, Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University while remaining active in municipal politics.
Argentina women's national under-21 volleyball team
The Argentina women's national under-20 volleyball team represents Argentina in women's under-20 volleyball events, it is controlled and managed by the Argentine Volleyball Federation that is a member of South American volleyball body Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Argentine Volleyball Federation
The Argentine Volleyball Federation (Spanish: Federación del Voleibol Argentino, mostly known for its acronym FeVA) is the body which governs the sport of volleyball in Argentina. The Federation controls and organises national championships at senior and youth levels, and is responsible for the men's and women's national teams

The FeVA also controls the practise of similar disciplines such as beach volley.
Cöthener Hockeyclub
Cöthener Hockeyclub 02, commonly known as CHC 02, is a German sports club based in  Köthen, Sachsen-Anhalt.

The CHC has a long tradition, which started in 1902, when the club was founded. In 1945, the occupation force (Soviet Union) ordered a merger of the sport clubs in Köthen, so the CHC joined the "Sportgemeinschaft Köthen-West" (Sportunion Köthen-West). In 1950 they founded a "Betriebssportgruppe" (Works team) named "BSG Union Köthen", where they played football, hockey and handball. After the reunion of Germany, the hockey players of the "BSG Union Köthen" separated from the works team and assumed the traditional name CHC 02.
The club had 25 DDR (East Germany) internationals and won 14 times the "DDR-Meisterschaft" (East German championship). In the moment there is only one player, who is born in Köthen, on the Germany men's national field hockey team (Martin Zwicker) and one player in the national under-21 team, but both play at the time for other clubs.

Köthen
Köthen ([ˈkøːtn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Germany. It is the capital of the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Halle.

Köthen is the location of the main campus and the administrative centre of the regional university, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Anhalt which is especially strong in information technology. The city is conveniently located at the hub of the Magdeburg–Leipzig, Dessau–Köthen and Köthen–Aschersleben railways.

Köthen is situated in a fertile area with rich black soil suitable to the cultivation of sugar-beets. Industry includes high-tech engineering, manufacture of cranes, as well as chemicals, printing, and foodstuffs.

In English, the name of the city is often spelt anachronistically as Cöthen, a practice that has become standard in the literature relating to the life and work of Johann Sebastian Bach, who resided and worked there from 1717 to 1723.
Nedre Gautsträsket
Nedre Gautsträsket is a lake in Sorsele municipality in Lapland and is part of the main catchment area of the Ume River. The lake is 14.7 meters deep, has an area of 10.5 square kilometers and is 341.1 meters above sea level. Nedre Gautsträsket is located in the Vindel River Natura 2000 area. The lake is drained by the Vindel River.

Sorsele Municipality
Sorsele Municipality (Swedish: Sorsele kommun, Ume Sami: Suorsán kommuvdna; Southern Sami: Suarsan tjïelte) is a municipality in Västerbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Sorsele.

Sorsele Municipality covers an area of 8,012 km2. It is the eleventh largest municipality by size, but has one of the smallest populations.

The municipality has not been affected by the two local government reforms of the 20th century, but has had its large size since the municipal system was implemented in 1863.

The name appears to stem from the Sami word sourge, which means branch, and sel, which is of Swedish origin and refers to a kind of stream. This refers to the protected Vindel River (Swedish: Vindelälven), which flows through the town and municipality of Sorsele.

Geography wise, around half of the municipal area is part of the Vindelfjällens Nature Reserve.
Springhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania
Springhill Township is a township in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 322 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 349 that was documented by the 2010 census.

In August 2025 the township's Board of Supervisors declared a "disaster emergency" which allows it to seek state and federal funds to install a water system after residents complained that their water had been contaminated for over three years, believed to be caused by fracking. Neighboring Freeport Township had made a similar declaration in June 2025.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House
The Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House, formerly The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, was integrated into the Honolulu Museum of Art under this name. It was the only museum in the state of Hawaii devoted exclusively to contemporary art. The Contemporary Museum had two venues: in residential Honolulu at the historic Spalding House, and downtown Honolulu at First Hawaiian Center. All venues continue to be open to the public.

Makiki
Makiki is an area of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, located northeast of downtown Honolulu, stretching east to west from Punahou Street to Pensacola Street and north to south from Round Top Drive/Makiki Heights Drive to Lunalilo Freeway. Punchbowl, an extinct tuff cone, and Tantalus overlook the Makiki.
Birchington East
Birchington East was a ward of Thanet Borough Council and was created in the boundary changes of 1979, and had previously been part of the Margate Birchington ward. In 2025 there was still two wards named Birchington South and Birchington North.

Councillors William Dawson and Wanstall transferred from Margate Birchington ward and contested and won the 1979 election.

1979 Election

1983 Election

1987 Election

1991 Election

Thanet District
Thanet /ˈθænɪt/ is a local government district in Kent, England. The council is based in Margate and the district also contains the towns of Broadstairs, Ramsgate and Westgate-on-Sea, along with several villages. It takes its name from the Isle of Thanet, a former island which gradually became connected to the mainland between the 12th and 16th centuries.

The district lies on the north-eastern tip of Kent, bordering the City of Canterbury to the west and Dover District to the south. It is predominantly coastal, with north, east and southeast-facing coastlines.
Iain Torrance
Sir Iain Richard Torrance, KCVO, OStJ, TD, FRSE (born 13 January 1949) is a retired Church of Scotland minister, theologian and academic. He is Pro-Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, Honorary Professor of Early Christian Doctrine and Ethics at the University of Edinburgh, President and Professor of Patristics Emeritus at Princeton Theological Seminary, and an Extra Chaplain to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in Scotland. He was formerly Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Dean of the Chapel Royal in Scotland, and Dean of the Order of the Thistle. He is married to Morag Ann (née MacHugh), whom he met while they were students at the University of St Andrews, and they have two children.

The Queen's Foundation
The Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education (also called the Queen's Foundation, Birmingham, and formerly the Queen's College, Birmingham) is an ecumenical theological college which, with the West Midlands Ministerial Training Course, forms the Centre for Ministerial Formation of the Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education. It serves the Church of England and the Methodist Church, and its courses thus have a strong ecumenical emphasis.
BYD F0
The BYD F0, formerly known as BYD F1, is a city car produced by the Chinese manufacturer BYD. It was introduced in July 2008 and was produced until 2015. Although petrol versions were discontinued, a subsequent electric version, branded under the new "e series" was launched in 2019 as the BYD e1.

The F0 was unveiled at the 2007 Guangzhou motor show. The car was priced in 2009 at approximately US$6,700, and reportedly gets 56 mpg‑US (4.2 L/100 km; 67 mpg‑imp).

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Symphony No. 9 (Myaskovsky)
Nikolai Myaskovsky wrote his Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 28, between 1926 and 1927. It was dedicated to Nikolai Malko.

The symphony is in four movements:

Andante sostenuto (E minor)

Presto (G♯ minor)

Lento molto (F♯ minor)

Allegro con grazia (E major)

E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.

The E natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Hindemith)
The Violin Sonata No. 2 for piano and violin, in D major, Op. 11, No. 2, is the second surviving violin sonata for the two instruments by Paul Hindemith, composed in 1918. It was published as Sonate in D für Klavier und Violine.

Violin sonata
A violin sonata is a musical composition for violin, often accompanied by a keyboard instrument and in earlier periods with a bass instrument doubling the keyboard bass line. The violin sonata developed from a simple baroque form with no fixed format to a standardised and complex classical form. Since the romantic age some composers have pushed the boundaries of both the classical format as well as the use of the instruments.
The Maine Campus
The Maine Campus is a weekly newspaper produced by the students of the University of Maine in the United States. It covers university and Town of Orono events, and has four sections: News, Opinion, Culture and Sports. It serves the 20,000 students, faculty and staff of the university. Founded in 1875, it is one of the oldest surviving papers in Maine. Only The Bowdoin Orient, founded in 1871,  The Bates Student, founded in 1873, and the Sun Journal, founded in 1847, are older.

The Bates Student
The Bates Student, established in 1873, is the newspaper of Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, run entirely by students. It is one of the oldest continuously-published college weeklies in the United States and claims to be the oldest co-ed college weekly in the nation.
Micrairoideae
Micrairoideae is a subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Within the PACMAD clade, it is sister to subfamily Arundinoideae.

It includes roughly 190 species in nine genera. A phylogenetic classification of the grasses recognises four main lineages, classified as tribes. Only species in tribe Eriachneae (genera Eriachne and Pheidochloa) have evolved the C4 photosynthetic pathway.

Pheidochloa
Pheidochloa is a genus of Australian and Papuasian plants in the grass family.

Species

Pheidochloa gracilis S.T.Blake - New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia

Pheidochloa vulpioides Veldkamp - New Guinea
Manolas, Thirasia
Manolas (Greek: Μανωλάς, also Θηρασία - Thirasia) is the main settlement and the capital of Therasia, the small island opposite to Santorini (Thera). It is located in the east of island, above the abrupt Santorini caldera. It has a beautiful view of the volcano and the main settlements of Santorini such as Fira, Imerovigli, Oia, etc. Manolas can be approached either by road from the port of Riva or the uphill path from the small port of Korfos. Donkeys are the main mode of transport on this path. Manolas has a population of 140 inhabitants according to the 2021 census. It belongs to Thira municipality and Oia municipal unit.

Imerovigli
Imerovigli (Greek: Ημεροβίγλι) is a village on the island of Santorini, Greece, situated north of the island capital Fira. Imerovigli is built on the rim of the Santorini caldera and is crossed by narrow, paved paths.

Imerovigli's churches are all made in the Cycladic architectural style. They include the church of Ai-Stratis, in the centre of the village, and the Monastery of Saint Nikolaos, on the path connecting Imerovigli to Fira. On nearby Skaros Rock are the remains of a Venetian Castle built in 1207 by Marco Sanudo, then ruler of all the Cyclades.

Imerovigli has 469 permanent inhabitants (2021).
Madcap Madge
Madcap Madge is a 1917 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Raymond B. West and starring Olive Thomas, Charles Gunn, Dorcas Matthews, Aggie Herring, and Jack Livingston. The film was released by Triangle Film Corporation on June 24, 1917.

Triangle Film Corporation
Triangle Film Corporation (also known as Triangle Motion Picture Company) was a major American motion-picture studio, founded in July 1915 in Culver City, California and terminated 7 years later in 1922.
Cameraria fasciata
Cameraria fasciata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Pahang and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

The wingspan is about 4.2 mm.

The larvae feed on Spatholobus species, including Spatholobus ferrugineus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.