hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University
Faculty of Law and Administration is the oldest unit of the Jagiellonian University. In 1364, when the University was established, 8 out of 11 chairs were devoted to legal sciences. At the beginning only courses in Canon Law and Roman Law were available. At present, the faculty is recognised as the best law faculty in Poland with the best bar passage rates and one of the finest in Central Europe.

In 1851 the first student scientific association in Poland was founded here (TBSP UJ).

Law of Poland
The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified.

The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the Civil Code of Poland. The Polish parliament creates legislation (law) and is made up of the Senat (upper house) and the Sejm (lower house).
Scientology controversies
Since its inception in 1954, the Church of Scientology has been involved in a number of controversies, including its stance on psychiatry, Scientology's legitimacy as a religion, the Church's aggressive attitude in dealing with its perceived enemies and critics, allegations of mistreatment of members, and predatory financial practices; for example, the high cost of religious training:191 and perceived exploitative practices. When mainstream media outlets have reported alleged abuses, representatives of the Church have tended to deny such allegations.

Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city in and the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States, west of Tampa and north of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 117,292. It is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay area.

Clearwater Beach is part of the city of Clearwater, but is separated from it by the Intracoastal Waterway. Cleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes BayCare Ballpark and Coachman Park.

The Church of Scientology owns the majority of property in the Clearwater downtown core district.
Cycloramphus bolitoglossus
Cycloramphus bolitoglossus is a species of frog in the family Cycloramphidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Cycloramphidae
The Cycloramphidae are a family of frogs endemic to southeastern Brazil. This family has seen large changes in its composition. Genera that have at some point been included in the Cycloramphidae are at present placed in the Alsodidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, and Rhinodermatidae. Of these, the Alsodidae and/or Hylodidae have also been considered as subfamilies of Cycloramphidae (as, respectively, Alsodinae and Hylodinae); the Cycloramphidae, as recognized at present, would be similar to subfamily Cycloramphinae under such system.
Hunting My Dress
Hunting My Dress is a 2009 album by Jesca Hoop, with most of the material written and recorded after the artist moved to Manchester, England. The album was written over the course of eighteen months and described as an 'unlikely weaving of hip-hop, Native American rhythms and birdsong'. The song 'Bed Across the Sea' relates the death of her mother and the beginning of a new romantic relationship. The album was launched at the artist's Chorlton home in "a lorry trailer in my back garden" and supported by a short UK tour. The song 'Murder of Birds' is a duet with Guy Garvey.

In 2014, Hoop released the album Undress with acoustic reinterpretations of the songs.

Undress (Jesca Hoop album)
Undress is the 2014 studio album by Californian singer-songwriter Jesca Hoop, that features duets and acoustic re-workings of previously released material. Guest include Guy Garvey, Sam Beam, Willy Mason and Erika Wennerstrom. It was released in February 2014 under Last Laugh Records and financed through crowd funding. Digital editions contained the bonus track 'City Bird'.
Orange-Caledonia-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Orange-Caledonia-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Orange-Caledonia-1 District includes all of the Orange County towns of Newbury and Topsham, and the Caledonia County town of Groton.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Orange-Caledonia-1 District had a population of 3,973 in that same census, 2.12% below the state average.

Groton, Vermont
Groton is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. The population was 984 at the 2020 census. It contains the places Groton Pond, Rickers Mills, Rickers and West Groton. The unincorporated village of Groton in the southeast corner of town is recorded as the Groton census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 419 at the 2020 census.
Baqi Urmançe
Urmançe Ğäbdelbaqí İdris ulı (pronounced [urmanˈɕe ɣæbˌdelʲbʌˈqɯɪ idˌrisuˈlɯ]), a.k.a. Baqi Urmançe ([bʌˈqɯɪ urmanˈɕe]; Janalif: Baqi Urmance; Tatar Cyrillic: Урманче Бакый (Габделбакый) Идрис улы; Russian: Урманче́ Баки́ (Габделбакы́й) Идри́сович, Urmanche Baki (Gabdelbaky) Idrisovich; 23 February 1897 –  6 August 1990) was a Tatar painter, sculptor and graphic artist, and a pedagogue. He received the following awards and titles: People's Artist of Tatar ASSR (1960), People's Artist of the Russian SFSR (1982), and laureate of the Ğabdulla Tuqay Tatar ASSR State Prize (1967).

Gabdulla Tukay
Ğabdulla Möxəmmətğərif ulı Tuqay (April 26 [O.S. April 14] 1886 – April 15 [O.S. April 2] 1913) was a Tatar poet, critic, publisher, and towering figure of Tatar literature. Tuqay is often referred to as the founder of modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language, which replaced Old Tatar.
Silene akaisialpina
Silene akaisialpina is a species of plant native to the mountains of central Honshu, Japan . It has also been reported on the island of Hokkaido.

In 1955, it was recognized by Takasi Yamazaki as a variety of Silene keiskei, called Melandrium keiskei var. akaisialpinum. It was later renamed Silene keiskei var. akaisialpina and then reclassified as its own species in 1997.

Silene keiskei
Silene keiskei is a species of flowering plant in the  family Caryophyllaceae. The species is native to Japan (Honshu). It grows in temperate climates and in the high mountains.

The species was first described and the name by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel but in 1936 it was reclassified by Jisaburo Ohwi. Plants in this species can grow up to 10 to 30 cm.
Christopher Latham
Christopher Jack Latham (born 6 February 1994) is an English cyclist from Bolton, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team SwiftCarbon Pro Cycling. In 2015 he won the bronze medal in the elimination race at the 2015 UEC European Track Championships in Grenchen, Switzerland.

British Paralympic Association
The British Paralympic Association (BPA) is the National Paralympic Committee for Great Britain (GBR), and is responsible for the United Kingdom's participation in the Paralympic Games.

The BPA select, prepare, enter, fund and manage the Great Britain and Northern Ireland team at the Paralympic Games. This team is known as ParalympicsGB.
Minister of Science and Sport
The Minister of Science and Sport was a position in the Canadian government occupied by Kirsty Duncan from July 19, 2018, to November 21, 2019.

The position was created as a result of a merge between the Minister for Sport and the Minister for Science

After November 21, 2019, the responsibilities for this position were redistributed between the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry and the Minister of Canadian Heritage (sports)

Kirsty Duncan
Kirsty Ellen Duncan PC (October 31, 1966 – January 26, 2026) was a Canadian politician and medical geographer who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for the Toronto riding of Etobicoke North from 2008 to 2025.

In her professional career, she published a book about her 1998 expedition to uncover the cause of the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic. A member of the Liberal Party, Duncan served in the Justin Trudeau government as the deputy leader of the government in the House of Commons from 2019 to 2021, as minister of science and sport from 2015 to 2019, and as minister of persons with disabilities in 2018. She did not seek re-election in the 2025 federal election.
Glentrool
Glentrool is a collection of mountain biking routes through the heart of Galloway in southwest Scotland. The mountain bike routes are part of the 7Stanes project by Forestry and Land Scotland throughout the Scottish Borders and Dumfries and Galloway.

The most famous route at Glentrool is the 'Big Country' trail, based entirely on minor public roads and forest roads. The trail follows 58 km (36 mi) of road in a loop, starting and finishing at the Glentrool visitor centre. There are areas of off-road biking allowing riders of all experiences and age ranges to have a good time.

In early 2007 the Forestry Commission built a blue graded route which is 8 km (5 mi) long and follows purpose built singletrack in a loop from the visitor centre to Loch Trool and finishes back at the visitor centre.

Car parking and toilet facilities are available at the visitor centre also has a cafe with seasonal opening times from April to September.

7stanes
The 7stanes are seven mountain biking centres spanning the south of Scotland, from the heart of the Scottish Borders to Dumfries and Galloway. They are all in Forestry and Land Scotland forests and are known as the 7stanes because each venue features a 'stane' (Scots for stone), created by artist Gordon Young, somewhere along the forest trails.
Sunlight (cleaning product)
Sunlight is a brand of laundry soap, laundry detergent and dishwashing detergent manufactured and marketed around the world by Unilever, except in the United States and Canada, where it has been owned by Sun Products (now Henkel Corporation) since 2010.

Laundry detergent
Laundry detergent is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) used for cleaning dirty laundry (clothes). Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder (washing powder) and liquid form.

While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of the worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of value, powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume.
Hanna Nasser
Hanna Nasser (1937 – 5 July 2015) was a Palestinian politician who served as the mayor of Bethlehem from 1997 to 2005, being succeeded by Victor Batarseh. Nasser was a Palestinian Christian. On 24 December 2013, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas awarded him the Order of Merit and Distinction.

Victor Batarseh
Victor Hanna Batarseh (Arabic: فيكتور بطارسة, born 1 January 1935) is a Palestinian politician and otolaryngologist who served as the mayor of Bethlehem in the West Bank, from 2005 until 2012. He was replaced by Vera Baboun.
Testosterone/dutasteride
Testosterone/dutasteride is a combination formulation of testosterone, an androgen, and dutasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, which was under development by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of hypogonadism (low testosterone levels) in men in the 2000s. It reached phase II clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.

5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss. They are also sometimes used to treat excess hair growth in women and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender women.

These agents inhibit the enzyme 5α-reductase, which is involved in the metabolic transformations of a variety of endogenous steroids. 5-ARIs are most known for preventing conversion of testosterone, the major androgen sex hormone, to the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in certain androgen-associated disorders.
Coneyhurst
Coneyhurst is a hamlet in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A272 road 1.6 miles (2.5 km) southeast of Billingshurst. It is named from the Old English words "coni" (meaning "rabbit") and "hyrst" (meaning wooded slope or hillside).

Horsham District
Horsham is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the town of Horsham, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district also includes the surrounding rural area and contains many villages, the largest of which are Southwater and Billingshurst. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park and part of the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 147,487.

The neighbouring districts are Crawley, Mid Sussex, Brighton and Hove, Adur, Arun, Chichester, Waverley and Mole Valley.
Winter Hill Stakes
The Winter Hill Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Windsor over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.

For a period the event was classed at Listed level. It was promoted to Group 3 status in 1995, and is currently the only Group race usually held at Windsor.

The venue stages regular evening meetings throughout the summer, and the Winter Hill Stakes is the feature race on the final day.

Windsor Racecourse
Windsor Racecourse, also known as Royal Windsor Racecourse, is a thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is near the M3 and the M4 and the town has two railway stations. It is one of only two figure-of-eight courses in the United Kingdom, the other being at Fontwell Park.
Semantic Brand Score
The Semantic Brand Score (SBS) is a measure of brand importance that is calculated on textual data. The measure is rooted in graph theory and partly connected to Keller's conceptualization of brand equity. It is calculated by converting texts into word or semantic networks and analyzing three key aspects: the frequency with which a brand name is mentioned (prevalence), the extent to which it is linked to distinctive and uncommon terms in the discourse (diversity), and its potential role as a bridge that connects otherwise unconnected or weakly connected terms or concepts (connectivity).

The metric has also been used more broadly as an indicator of semantic importance, with varying objectives, by examining different text sources, such as newspaper articles, online forums, scientific papers, or social media posts.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Nyang Pavilion
The Nyang Pavilion (Chinese: 尼洋阁, Tibetan: ཉང་ལྷ་ཁང), Niyangge Museum, or Southeastern Tibet Cultural Heritage Museum (Chinese: 藏东南文化遗产博物馆), is a cultural landmark and museum complex situated in Bayi District, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Located on the southern bank of the Nyang River at an elevation of 2,980 meters (9,777 ft), it was constructed in 2006 to preserve and exhibit the heritage of southeastern Tibet's ethnic groups, particularly the Gongbo Tibetans, Menba, and Lhoba peoples. The site spans 12,000 square meters and integrates traditional Tibetan architecture with modern museology.

Nyingchi
Nyingchi (Tibetan: ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།, Wylie: nying khri grong khyer), also known as Linzhi (Chinese: 林芝; pinyin: Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District.

Nyingchi is the location of Buchu Monastery.
Thomson Point
Thomson Point is a point on the east side of Pirie Peninsula, 1.7 nautical miles (3.1 km) southeast of Cape Mabel, on the north coast of Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands.

Charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for J.A. (later Sir Arthur) Thomson, regius professor of natural history, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Thomson Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Pirie Peninsula
Pirie Peninsula is a narrow peninsula extending 6 km (3.7 mi) northward from the center of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was surveyed in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for Dr Harvey Pirie, surgeon and geologist of the expedition.
2019 Firestone Grand Prix of Monterey
The 2019 Firestone Grand Prix of Monterey was the seventeenth and final round of the 2019 IndyCar season. The race was held on September 22, 2019, in Monterey, California at the WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, and marked the return of open-wheel racing to the track for the first time since Champ Car's 2004 race. The race consisted of 90 laps & was won by rookie Colton Herta.

At the end of the race, Josef Newgarden won his second IndyCar championship in three years, while Felix Rosenqvist narrowly won rookie of the year honors, fending off Colton Herta.

2019 IndyCar Series
The 2019 NTT IndyCar Series was the 24th season of the IndyCar Series and the 108th official championship season of American open-wheel racing. The premier event was the 2019 Indianapolis 500, with Will Power entering as the defending winner. Honda entered as the defending Manufacturers' Cup champion. Scott Dixon entered the season as the defending National Champion.

Josef Newgarden won his second Drivers' Championship, while Honda won the Manufacturers' Championship for the second year in a row, and it was the manufacturer's first championship of the Reiwa era. Rookie of the Year honors went to Felix Rosenqvist.
Chael Sonnen's Wrestling Underground
Chael Sonnen's Wrestling Underground is an amateur wrestling promotion company based on Oregon, United States, and run by Chael Sonnen. The promotion made its debut on August 30, 2020, via UFC Fight Pass.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Astro Farm
Astro Farm is a British children's television series animated in stop motion. It features the adventures of the Foxwoods, a small family who work on an asteroid which is covered in farmland.

Astro Farm was produced by FilmFair for Central Independent Television and was first broadcast on CITV in 1992.

ITV Studios
ITV Studios Limited is a British multinational television media company owned by British television broadcaster ITV plc. It handles production and distribution of programmes broadcast on the ITV network and third-party broadcasters, and is based in 12 countries across 60 production labels, with local production offices in the UK, the US, Belgium, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Israel, France, Spain, and Scandinavia.
2023 Russia–Africa Summit
The second Russia–Africa Summit was held at the Expo Forum in St. Petersburg on 27 and 28 July 2023, following its postponement, having been originally scheduled for October 2022 at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Attended by 49 delegations, only 17 heads of state participated in the summit, with 43 previously attending in the first summit in 2019.

The summit was attended by Yevgeny Prigozhin – leader of Wagner Group at the time – in one of his first, and final, public appearances in Russia since launching an unsuccessful rebellion. His Wagner mercenaries have supported the interests of the Russian government in several African countries.

Putin said that Russia has written off $23 billion of African debt.

Intergovernmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a trade bloc in Africa. It includes governments from the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and the African Great Lakes. It is headquartered in Djibouti.
BBL Championship
The British Basketball League Championship, often shortened to the BBL Championship, was the top-level men's professional basketball league in the United Kingdom from 1987 until 2024. The competition was administered by the British Basketball League and comprised 10 teams from both England and Scotland. Each team played a 36-game regular season, from September until April, with the team that finished in first place being crowned as League champions.

Following the end of the regular season, the top eight-placed teams used to advance to the postseason Playoffs tournament to decide the winner of the BBL Playoffs.

The BBL used a franchise system, with no promotion or relegation from other leagues, although several clubs have been elected from the English National Basketball League in recent years.

Guildford Kings
Guildford Kings were a British basketball team, most prominent in the National Basketball League during the early 1980's and later the British Basketball League (BBL) during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The team ceased operations at the end of the 1993–94 season and folded.
State University of Jakarta
State University of Jakarta (Indonesian: Universitas Negeri Jakarta, commonly abbreviated as UNJ) is a public university in Jakarta, Indonesia. Founded in 1964 as the Jakarta Institute of Teaching and Education (IKIP Jakarta), it was later converted into a state university by the Indonesian government in 1999.

The university has four campuses in East and South Jakarta, with the main campus being located in Rawamangun. Divided into 8 faculties, the university had a graduating class of 3,906 in 2016.

East Jakarta
East Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Timur; Betawi: Jakarté Bèlétan), abbreviated as Jaktim, is the largest of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia, with a land area of 188.03 km2 (72.6 sq.miles). It had a population of 2,693,896 at the 2010 Census and 3,037,139 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 3,315,114, making it the most populous of the five administrative cities within Jakarta. East Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality.

East Jakarta is bounded by North Jakarta to the north, Bekasi to the east, Depok to the south, and South Jakarta and Central Jakarta to the west.

The mayor's office is located in the Administrative Village (Kelurahan) of Pulo Gebang, in Cakung District.