hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scotland Neck, North Carolina
Scotland Neck is a town in Halifax County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Scotland Neck had a population of 1,640. It is part of the Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina
Roanoke Rapids (/ˈroʊəˌnoʊk/) is a city in Halifax County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 15,229 at the 2020 census and is the largest community in Halifax County. It is the principal city of the Roanoke Rapids Micropolitan Statistical Area, and is also an anchor city of the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids CSA, with a total population of 297,726 as of 2018.
Laudato si'
Laudato si' (Praise Be to You) is the second encyclical of Pope Francis, subtitled "on care for our common home". In it, the Pope criticizes consumerism and irresponsible economic development, laments environmental degradation and global warming, and calls all people of the world to take "swift and unified global action". The encyclical, dated 24 May 2015, was officially published at noon on 18 June 2015, accompanied by a news conference. The Vatican released the document in Italian, German, English, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese, and Arabic, alongside the original Latin.

The encyclical is the second published by Pope Francis, after Lumen fidei (The Light of Faith), which was released in 2013. Since Lumen fidei was largely the work of Francis's predecessor Benedict XVI, Laudato si' is generally viewed as the first encyclical that is entirely the work of Francis.

Lumen fidei
Lumen fidei (The Light of Faith) is the first encyclical of Pope Francis, issued on 29 June 2013, the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, and published on 5 July 2013, less than four months after his election to the papacy. It was issued in conjunction with the Year of Faith proclaimed by Pope Benedict XVI to be observed from October 2012 to November 2013. It was the first encyclical in the history of the Catholic Church written by two popes, being begun by Pope Benedict XVI and finished by Pope Francis.
Politics of Hesse
The politics of Hesse takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Hesse. The state has a multi-party system where, as in most other states of former Western Germany and the federal level, the three main parties are the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), and the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

1962 Hessian state election
The 1962 Hessian state election was held on 11 November 1962 to elect the 5th Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and All-German Party (GDP) led by Minister-President Georg-August Zinn.

The result was a landslide for the SPD, which won an absolute majority of both votes and seats for the first time. The opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) slid to 29%, while the Free Democratic Party (FDP) recorded small gains. The SPD's coalition partner the GDP, formed by a merger of the GB/BHE and DP the previous year, retained six seats but failed to capture as many votes as the two partners had separately in 1958. Despite its majority, the SPD maintained its coalition with the GDP and continued in office.
Brody, Łódź Voivodeship
Brody [ˈbrɔdɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziejowice, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Sędziejowice, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Łask, and 45 km (28 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sędziejowice, Łódź Voivodeship
Sędziejowice [sɛnd͡ʑɛjɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sędziejowice. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Łask and 43 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

During the January Uprising, on August 26, 1863, it was the site of the Battle of Sędziejowice, in which Polish insurgents led by General Edmund Taczanowski defeated Russian troops. From 1939 to 1945, the village was incorporated into the Third Reich, and after the war the village was once again incorporated into Poland.
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (German: Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria. It is divided into 15 classes and is the highest award in the Austrian national honours system.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.
Nampa Department Store
The Nampa Department Store in Nampa, Idaho, is a 2-story, brick and stone commercial building designed by Tourtellotte and Hummel and completed in 1910. A 3-story building for the site had been ordered by Falk Mercantile Company, but when the site was developed, Leo Falk along with investor E.H. Dewey scaled back the design and opened the Nampa Department Store, built by contractor G.H. Rush. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

The store later was described as one of the most modern stores in Idaho. In 1919 the store expanded into an adjacent annex constructed by Boise contractor O.W. Allen.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea
Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea PC (26 September 1672 – 16 August 1712) was a British peer and Member of Parliament, styled Viscount Maidstone until 1689.  He was the son of William Finch, Lord Maidstone (son of Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchilsea) and Elizabeth Wyndham. His father had died before he was born and Finch was raised in Eastwell, Kent by his mother and other relatives.

From 1702 to 1703 he served as Ambassador Extraordinary to Hanover. In 1702, he was appointed Vice-Admiral of Kent, and in 1704, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of that county. He was dismissed from all his Kentish offices in 1705. In 1711, he was sworn of the Privy Council and was appointed First Lord of Trade. Upon his death in 1712, he was succeeded as Earl of Winchilsea by his uncle, Heneage Finch.

President of the Board of Trade
The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. A committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, it was first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th century that evolved gradually into a government department with diverse functions. The current holder of the post is Peter Kyle, who is concurrently the secretary of state for business and trade.
Tate duality
In mathematics, Tate duality or Poitou–Tate duality is a duality theorem for Galois cohomology groups of modules over the Galois group of an algebraic number field or local field, introduced by John Tate (1962) and Georges Poitou (1967).

Galois group
In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the polynomials that give rise to them via Galois groups is called Galois theory, so named in honor of Évariste Galois who first discovered them.

For a more elementary discussion of Galois groups in terms of permutation groups, see the article on Galois theory.
2000 BDO World Darts Championship
The 2000 BDO World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2000 Embassy World Professional Darts Championship) was held at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey, England, between 8–16 January 2000.

Ted Hankey was in imperious form throughout the tournament, reaching the quarter-finals without dropping a set and battling back from 4-2 down in the semi-finals against Chris Mason - who had earlier thwarted Raymond van Barneveld's ambitions of three consecutive BDO World titles - to win 5-4. He then took just 46 minutes to beat Ronnie Baxter 6-0 in the final - finishing off with a maximum 170 checkout.

Hankey also hit a record 48 180s in the tournament, including 22 against Mason.

Frimley Green
Frimley Green is a large village and ward of 580 acres (2.3 km2) in the borough of Surrey Heath, in Surrey, England. It lies 1 mi (1.6 km) south of the town of Frimley and 30 mi (48 km) south-west of central London. Lakeside Country Club was the national venue for the BDO international darts competition. It was played annually in the village between 1986 and 2019.
Arctia dido
Arctia dido is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by M. Wagner in 1841. It is found in Algeria.

The larvae feed on Taraxacum species.

This species, along with the others of the genus Atlantarctia, was moved to Arctia as a result of phylogenetic research published by Rönkä et al. in 2016.

Arctia
Arctia is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. Therein, it belongs to the subtribe Arctiina in the tribe Arctiini in the subfamily Arctiinae. Species are well distributed throughout North America, Palearctic, India, and Sri Lanka.

As a result of phylogenetic studies by Rönkä et al. in 2016, the following genera were determined to be synonyms with Arctia, and their species were reclassified in this genus.
Thomas Dale Stewart (anthropologist)
Thomas Dale Stewart (June 10, 1901 – October 27, 1997)  was a founder of modern forensic anthropology and a major contributor to most areas of human skeletal biology, paleopathology, and related areas of physical anthropology.

Stewart was known to have a more even temperament than his mentor, Aleš Hrdlička. He began his career in 1927 as an aid to Hrdlička in the Division of Physical Anthropology of the United States National Museum at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and advanced to curator of the division in 1942 and to Head Curator of the Department of Anthropology in 1961.

In 1963, Stewart was appointed Director of the National Museum of Natural History and also served as Acting Assistant Secretary for Science in 1964. He retired from administration in 1966 to pursue his research as a senior anthropologist. Upon his retirement in 1971, he was appointed anthropologist emeritus.

Aleš Hrdlička
Alois Ferdinand Hrdlička, after 1918 changed to Aleš Hrdlička (Czech pronunciation: [ˈa.lɛʃ ˈɦr̩d.lɪtʃ.ka]; March 30, 1869 – September 5, 1943), was a Czech-American anthropologist who lived in the United States after his family had moved there in 1881. He was born in Humpolec, Bohemia (today in the Czech Republic).

Hrdlička was a pioneer in the field of anthropology and the first curator of physical anthropology of the Smithsonian Museum from 1904 until 1941. He believed in the theory that migration from Asia to the Americas via the Bering Strait was the origin of the American Indians, a migration he said had occurred not more than 3,000 years ago. He initially denied evidence by archaeological findings such as that of Folsom man in 1927 which pushed the date of human presence in the Americas back to more than 10,000 years ago.
Compagnie du Chemin de Fer d'Orléans à Rouen
The Compagnie du Chemin de Fer d'Orléans à Rouen (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi dy ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ dɔʁleɑ̃ a ʁwɑ̃]) was a French railway company. The company was created in 1872 by M. Ridder, and subsequently absorbed by the Chemins de fer de l'Ouest in 1891.

A law permitted departmental councils to authorise the building of railways of local necessity, the Conseil Général de l'Eure authorised the line from Orléans to Rouen almost as soon as the law was passed.

Its story begins in 1878 when funds and property buying began as well as a quote for the Loiret-Voves section. Further bridge building took place at Chartres and several rivers such as over the Avre, Blaise and the Blairas between 1869 and 1873. The trackbeds were built at the same time as well as the station buildings and track.

The company was to use the PO station at Orléans, the Ouest station at Dreux.

The line as a whole closed in 1989 although several portions remain in use for passenger, freight or preserved rail.

Chemins de fer de l'Ouest
The Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də lwɛst], lit. 'Western Railway Company', abbr. CF de l'Ouest), often referred to simply as L'Ouest or Ouest, was an early French railway company which operated from the years 1855 through 1909.
2019–20 Liga MX season
The 2019–20 Liga MX season 
(known as the Liga BBVA MX for sponsorship reasons) was the 73rd professional season of the top-flight football league in Mexico. The season was divided into two championships—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each in an identical format and each contested by the same nineteen teams. The Apertura tournament began on 19 July 2019.

On 15 March 2020, the Mexican Football Federation suspended the Clausura seasons of Liga MX, Ascenso MX and Liga MX Femenil indefinitely due to the coronavirus pandemic.

On 22 May 2020, the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the country.  While no official champion was crowned for that season officially, Cruz Azul and León were awarded the Clausura champions and runners-up positions ("MEX2" and "MEX4") respectively for purposes of filling the 2021 CONCACAF Champions League, as the first and second-placed teams of the regular season at the time of suspension.

COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. However, the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) reported two cases of COVID-19 in mid-January 2020 in the states of Nayarit and Tabasco, with one case per state.

The Secretariat of Health, through the "Programa Centinela" (Spanish for "Sentinel Program"), estimated in mid-July 2020 that there were more than 2,875,734 cases in Mexico because they were considering the total number of cases confirmed as just a statistical sample.
1983 US Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl in a rematch of the previous year's final, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–5, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1983 US Open. It was his fifth US Open singles title, eighth and last major singles title overall, and 100th top-level singles title overall.

This edition of the tournament set an Open Era record for the most five-set matches at a singles major, at 35. It was later surpassed by the 2024 Wimbledon Championships.

1983 US Open (tennis)
The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983.

The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head.
2002 Asian Junior Athletics Championships
The 2002 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the tenth edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association. It took place from 28 to 31 October in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 43 events were contested, which were divided equally between male and female athletes aside from the men's 3000 metres steeplechase.

Asian U20 Athletics Championships
The Asian U20 Athletics Championships (formerly Asian Junior Athletics Championships) are the Asian championships open for those of age according to junior. It is currently organized by the Asian Athletics Association.
Cartel theory
Cartel theory is usually understood as the doctrine of economic cartels. However, since the concept of 'cartel' does not have to be limited to the field of the economy, doctrines on non-economic cartels are conceivable in principle. Such exist already in the form of the state cartel theory and the cartel party theory. For the pre-modern cartels, which existed as rules for tournaments, duels and court games or in the form of inter-state fairness agreements, there was no scientific theory. Such has developed since the 1880s for the scope of the economy, driven by the need to understand and classify the mass emergence of entrepreneurial cartels. Within the economic cartel theory, one can distinguish a classical and a modern phase. The break between the two was set through the enforcement of a general cartel ban after Second World War by the US government.

Jeremiah Jenks
Jeremiah Whipple Jenks (September 2, 1856 – August 24, 1929) was an American economist, educator, and professor at Cornell University, who held various posts in the United States government throughout his career. He served as a member of the Dillingham Immigration Commission from 1907 to 1914 in which he led research projects on the state of immigration to the US.

He authored several influential works, including The Immigration Problem: A Study of Immigration Conditions and Needs and Dictionary of Races or Peoples. He was among the first social science academics within government and one of the first to propose that the federal government has the power to restrict immigration.
2003 New England 300
The 2003 New England 300 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on July 20, 2003, at New Hampshire International Speedway, in Loudon, New Hampshire. Contested over 300 laps on the 1.058-mile (1.703 km) speedway, it was the 19th race of the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season.

Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports won the race.

NASCAR Cup Series at New Hampshire Motor Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire since 1993.

A second race in September was also formerly held at the track from 1997 to 2017 until it was moved to Las Vegas Motor Speedway starting in 2018.
Huntingburg, Indiana
Huntingburg is a city in Patoka Township, Dubois County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 6,362 at the 2020 census.

Located in southwestern Indiana, the city is known for its downtown with numerous antique shops. It is part of the Jasper Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city is also known as the "Hollywood of the Midwest." The movies A League of Their Own (1992), Hard Rain (1998), and the HBO film Soul of the Game (1996) were filmed in Huntingburg. Columbia Pictures renovated the grandstand at League Stadium that was to become part of the set for A League of Their Own.

Jasper, Indiana
Jasper is a city in and the county seat of Dubois County, Indiana, United States, located along the Patoka River. The population was 16,703 at the 2020 census making it the 48th most populous city in Indiana. On November 4, 2007, Dubois County returned to the Eastern Time Zone, after having moved to the Central Time Zone the previous year. Land use in the area is primarily agricultural. The Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame, which honors players and others associated with the national pastime who were born or lived in Indiana, is located in Jasper.
Mark Newman (educator)
Mark Newman (September 7, 1772 – June 15, 1859) was an American educator, deacon, and publisher and 3rd Principal of Phillips Academy Andover from 1795 to 1809.  While he is known primarily for his work at Phillips Academy, the majority of his career was spent as a publisher and bookseller in the same town.

John Phillips (educator)
John Phillips (December 27, 1719 – April 21, 1795) was an early American educator and the cofounder of Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, along with his wife, Elizabeth Phillips. He was a major donor to Dartmouth College, where he served as a trustee. He also made significant donations to Harvard College and Princeton University.
Illya Marchenko
Illya Vasylovych Marchenko (Ukrainian: Ілля Васильович Марченко; born 8 September 1987) is a Ukrainian inactive tennis player. He has a career high in singles of World No. 49 achieved on 26 September 2016 and of No. 268 in doubles achieved on 25 August 2014. On the ATP Tour, Marchenko reached the semifinals of Moscow in 2009, the 2010 St. Petersburg Open and Doha in 2016.

He is noted for his backhand, which he cites as his best shot. His favorite surface is hardcourts.

Denis Istomin
Denis Olegovich Istomin (born 7 September 1986) is a former Uzbekistani professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 33, achieved on 13 August 2012 and a best doubles ranking of No. 59, reached on 8 October 2012. His most notable result is defeating second seed and defending champion Novak Djokovic at the 2017 Australian Open.

Istomin won two ATP Tour singles titles, at the 2015 Nottingham Open and 2017 Chengdu Open.
Blood Brothers (1974 film)
Blood Brothers (Italian: I guappi) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film with "poliziotteschi" and "noir" elements. This film marks the meeting between Claudia Cardinale and the director Pasquale Squitieri, who soon became her husband.

Poliziotteschi
Poliziotteschi (Italian: [polittsjotˈteski]; sg.: poliziottesco) constitute a subgenre of crime and action films that emerged in Italy in the late 1960s and reached the height of their popularity in the 1970s. They are also known as polizieschi all'italiana,  Italo-crime, spaghetti crime films, or simply Italian crime films. Influenced primarily by both 1970s French crime films and gritty 1960s and 1970s American cop films and vigilante films (among other influences), poliziotteschi films were made amidst an atmosphere of socio-political turmoil in Italy known as Years of Lead and amidst increasing Italian crime rates. The films generally featured graphic and brutal violence, organized crime, car chases, vigilantism, heists, gunfights, and corruption up to the highest levels. The protagonists were generally tough working class loners, willing to act outside a corrupt or overly bureaucratic system.
Connecticut Route 87
Route 87 is a Connecticut state highway running from Franklin to Andover, generally in a southeast–northwest direction. The route is part of the road connecting the towns of Norwich, Lebanon, Columbia, and Andover. Route 87 is a two-lane rural collector road for its entire length.

Bolton, Connecticut
Bolton (/ˈboʊltən/ BOHL-tən) is a small suburban town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 4,858 as of the 2020 census. Bolton was incorporated in October 1720 and is governed by town meeting, with a first selectman and board of selectman as well as other boards serving specific functions. Bolton was named after a town of the same name in England, located near Manchester.