hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roads for Prosperity
Roads for Prosperity (often incorrectly called Road to Prosperity) was a controversial white paper published by the Conservative government in the United Kingdom in 1989; detailing the 'largest road building programme for the UK since the Romans' produced in response to rapid increases in car ownership and use over the previous decade. It embraced what Margaret Thatcher had described as 'the great car economy', although implementation led to widespread road protests, and many of the schemes contained within it were abandoned by 1996.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
2-Methylthioethylamine
2-Methylthioethylamine is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3SCH2CH2NH2.  It is a colorless liquid.  It can be viewed as the product of S-methylation of cysteamine or decarboxylation of S-methylcysteine.  The compound is a ligand and, via Schiff base condensations, a ligand precursor.

S-Methylcysteine
S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CH3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.  It is the S-methylated derivative of cysteine. This amino acid occurs widely in plants, including many edible vegetables.
Elisa Bonaparte
Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy (French: Marie Anne Elisa Bonaparte; 3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), better known as Elisa Bonaparte, was an imperial French princess and sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. She was Princess of Lucca and Piombino (1805-1814), Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1809-1814) and Countess of Compignano by appointment of her brother.

She was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. A younger sister of Napoleon Bonaparte, she had elder brothers Joseph and Lucien, and younger siblings Louis, Pauline, Caroline and Jérôme.

As Princess of Lucca and Piombino, then Grand Duchess of Tuscany, she became Napoleon's only sister to possess political power. Their relations were sometimes strained due to her sharp tongue. Highly interested in the arts, particularly the theatre, she widely encouraged and promoted the subject within the territories she ruled over.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
Ángel Pacheco (general)
Ángel Pacheco (April 13, 1793 – September 25, 1869), was an Argentine military officer trained by José de San Martín who later became one of the top commanders in the Confederacy during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas. He never lost a battle in which he was in command.

Manuel Oribe
Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana (August 26, 1792 – November 12, 1857) was the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and founder of Uruguay's National Party, the oldest Uruguayan political party and considered one of the two Uruguayan "traditional" parties, along with the Colorado Party, which was, until the 20th century, its only political adversary.
Great Ming Code
The Great Ming Code was the legal code of the Ming dynasty, focused primarily on criminal law. It was created at the direction of the dynasty’s founder, the Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, in the late 14th century, as part of broader social and political reforms.

From 1397 to the fall of Ming in 1644, the Great Ming Code served as the principal governing law of China. Under the Qing dynasty it was replaced by the Great Qing Legal Code, which borrowed heavily from it. Portions of the Great Ming Code were adopted into the legal systems of Joseon dynasty Korea, Edo period Japan, and Lê dynasty Vietnam.

Eight Deliberations
Eight Deliberations (simplified Chinese: 八议; traditional Chinese: 八議; pinyin: Bā Yì), also translated as Eight Considerations, Eight Discussions, Eight Discussed Cases or Eight Precedents, was a set of principles used by traditional Chinese law in order to lessen legal punishment on the royals, nobles and members of upper classes.
William Doherty (priest)
Christianity portal

William James Doherty  was an Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of Perth, ON in the first half of the twentieth century.

Doherty was educated at Huron College and ordained deacon in 1869, and priest in 1900. He served curacies at Hensall and  London. In 1920 he became Domestic Chaplain to  David Williams, Bishop of Huron, who in 1922 appointed him an Archdeacon.

David Williams (archbishop of Huron)
David Williams was the Anglican Bishop of Huron and later  Metropolitan of Ontario in the 20th century.

Born in 1853 and educated at St David’s College, Lampeter, he was  ordained in 1885. His first post was a Curate at Blaenau Ffestiniog. In 1887 he became a professor at Huron Theological College. He was the rector of St James’ Stratford from 1892 to 1904 then Archdeacon of Perth. He was ordained to the episcopate as the Bishop of Huron in 1905 and became the Metropolitan of the Province of Ontario in 1926. He died in post on 7 October 1931.
Chon Tae-poong
Chon Tae-poong (Korean: 전태풍; born Anthony Jewell Akins, July 3, 1980) is an American-born South Korean YouTuber, entertainer, coach, and former basketball player. Born in the United States to an African‑American father and a Korean mother, he played for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball team before starting a professional career in Europe and later in South Korea. Naturalized as a South Korean citizen in 2009, he changed his name and was selected first overall in the Korean Basketball League’s ethnic draft, winning the 2010–11|2010–11 KBL championship with Jeonju KCC Egis. Known for his on‑court leadership and style as a point guard, he retired from basketball in 2020 and transitioned to broadcasting and online entertainment, appearing on variety programs and running a YouTube channel.

Premijer liga (Croatian basketball)
The Super Sport Premijer liga (English: Super Sport Premier League, lit. 'Super Sport Premier League'), also known as simply Premijer liga, is the first tier level men's professional basketball league in Croatia. It began in 1991, following the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia and therefore the Yugoslav League, and is organized by the Croatian Basketball Federation.

Favbet Premijer liga, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 12 teams. The most successful club is KK Cibona with 19 championship titles.
Cycloptilum slossoni
Cycloptilum slossoni, or Slosson's scaly cricket, is a species of scaly cricket in the family Mogoplistidae. It is found in North America. This species was first described by Samuel Hubbard Scudder in 1897 and originally named Mogisoplistus slossoni.

Mogoplistidae
Mogoplistidae is a family of scaly crickets and allies within the superfamily Grylloidea. Considered to be monophyletic, a sister taxon to the Gryllidae crickets. This family consists of more than 370 species worldwide; 20 species in 4 genera occur in North America and this family includes the scaly crickets of Europe.
Paskuhan Village
The Paskuhan Village, officially known as the Philippine Christmas Village and sometimes known as Hilaga, is a Christmas-themed park located in San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. It is operational year-round and is managed by the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority.

Department of Tourism (Philippines)
The Department of Tourism (DOT; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Turismo) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the Philippines as a tourist destination.
Soldier settlement
Soldier settlement was the settlement of land throughout parts of Australia by returning discharged soldiers under soldier settlement schemes administered by state governments after World War I and World War II. The post-World War II settlements were co-ordinated by the Commonwealth Soldier Settlement Commission.

Red Cliffs, Victoria
Red Cliffs is a town in Victoria, Australia in the Sunraysia region. It is located on the Calder Highway, 16 km south of Mildura and 544 km north-west of Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Red Cliffs had a population of 5,060. The main industry is the growing of grapes and citrus. Red Cliffs takes its name from the 70 m cliffs 4.5 km east of the town that have a red/orange colour.
Río Cachirí Group
The Río Cachirí Group (Spanish: Grupo Río Cachirí, PZc) is a geological group of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin, Colombia and the Serranía del Perijá of the northernmost Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. The group of shales, sandstones and limestones is of Devonian age and has a maximum thickness in the Venezuelan section of 2,438 metres (7,999 ft). The group contains abundant fauna; crinoids, bryozoa, brachiopods and molluscs have been found in the group.

Altiplano Cundiboyacense
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense (Spanish pronunciation: [altiˈplano kundiβoʝaˈsense]) is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá. (Do not confuse with The Altiplano or the Altiplano Nariñense, both further south.) The altiplano corresponds to the ancient territory of the Muisca. The Altiplano Cundiboyacense comprises three distinctive flat regions; the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso. The average altitude of the altiplano is about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level but ranges from roughly 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).
Carios vespertilionis
Carios vespertilionis, also known as the short-legged bat tick, is an argasid tick parasite of bats. It is a widely-distributed species, found widely in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The species is usually host-specific to bats, especially Pipistrelles species, and is known to parasitise bats in all different types of transient colonies and roost types. However, it is a 'highly aggressive' parasite known to also readily bite domestic animals and humans. Studies in Sweden, Pakistan and the United Kingdom have identified that the species carries and can transmit human-pathogenic Borrelia bacteria in the relapsing fever group. They are also vectors of Babesia, Rickettsia and Ehrlichia bacteria species.

Argasidae
The Argasidae are the family of soft ticks, one of the three families of extant ticks. The family contains 220 species, although the composition of the genera is less certain, and more study is needed before the taxonomy is resolved. The Argasidae are very common in South Asia, along with around 100 other species of ticks from other lineages, making South Asia the region with the highest biodiversity of ticks worldwide. Soft ticks are resistant to desiccation and can live for several years in arid conditions.
Girl in White
Girl in White (also known as Young Girl Standing Against a Background of Wheat and Woman in a Cornfield) was painted by Vincent van Gogh in 1890 in Auvers-sur-Oise, France, during the last months of his life. Girl in White has been part of the Chester Dale Collection in the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. since 1963.

Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
Johanna Gezina van Gogh-Bonger (4 October 1862 – 2 September 1925) was a Dutch editor who translated the hundreds of letters of her first husband, art dealer Theo van Gogh, and his brother, painter Vincent van Gogh.

Van Gogh-Bonger played a key role in the growth of Vincent van Gogh's posthumous fame.

Johanna and Theo van Gogh's son Vincent Willem (1890–1978), who was named after his uncle, founded the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which opened in 1973.
Order of the Crown of Italy
The Order of the Crown of Italy (Italian: Ordine della Corona d'Italia or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861. It was awarded in five degrees for civilian and military merit. Today the Order of the Crown has been replaced by the Order of Merit of Savoy and is still conferred on new knights by the current disputed head of the house, Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice.

The order has been suppressed by law since the foundation of the Republic in 1946. However, Umberto II did not abdicate his position as fons honorum and it remained under his Grand Mastership as a dynastic order. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms.

Fount of honour
The fount of honour (Latin: fons honorum) is a person, who, by virtue of their official position, has the exclusive right of conferring legitimate titles of nobility and orders of chivalry on other persons.
Black balance
Video cameras can possess a function called black balance which calibrates the signal for no light, just as they have a "white balance" function which gives reference to true white to the CCDs.  Unlike white balance, black balance is not adjusted every time. This function is found in higher end 'professional' cameras rather than in cameras for amateurs.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Marie Curie's Blooming Great Tea Party
The Blooming Great Tea Party was started in 2008 by the Marie Curie charity. It's the charity's second biggest annual fundraising campaign, only beaten by its Great Daffodil Appeal.

The Blooming Great Tea Party takes place every year in the spring or summer. Members of the public host a tea party in their house, garden, or other suitable location. Based on the tea parties of Victorian and Edwardian Britain, hosts prepare classic tea accompaniments like cucumber or tomatoes sandwiches, cake slices, biscuits and scones. Marie Curie also prepares and distributes other recipes.

Great Daffodil Appeal
The Great Daffodil Appeal is Marie Curie's biggest annual fundraising campaign. Every March, millions of people across the UK support this fundraising event by giving a small donation to wear a daffodil pin. This makes it one of the UK's most recognisable charity appeals. Money raised through the appeal helps Marie Curie provide free care and support to people living with a terminal illnesses.
Guilderland Cemetery Vault
Guilderland Cemetery Vault is a historic burial vault located in Guilderland Cemetery at Guilderland in Albany County, New York.  It was built in 1872 and is a small one story cobblestone building.  It is built of coursed cobblestones with smooth ashlar quoins and rounded arch door.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
John Armour
John Hamish Armour, FBA (born 24 December 1971) is a British legal scholar. Since 2007, he has been Hogan Lovells Professor of Law and Finance at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. Previously, he was a lecturer at the University of Nottingham and at the University of Cambridge, where he was also a fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. From 2023 he has been dean of the Faculty of Law.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Bubaque Airport
Bubaque Airport (IATA: BQE, ICAO: GGBU) is an airport serving the island town of Bubaque, in Guinea-Bissau. It is the Bijagos Archipelago's only airfield.

The airport is on the north end of the island. North approach and departure will be over the water. The 1.2-kilometre (3,900 ft) runway is unpaved.

The airport is located 70 km south of the capital Bissau. It is 22 meters above sea level.

The Bissau VOR-DME (Ident: BIS) is located on the Osvaldo Vieira International Airport at Bissau, 75 kilometres (40 nmi) north-northeast of Bubaque.

Osvaldo Vieira International Airport
Osvaldo Vieira International Airport (IATA: OXB, ICAO: GGOV), also known as Bissau-Bissalanca Airport, is an international airport that serves the city of Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, as well as the Metropolitan Region of Bissau. It is the only international airport in the country.

It is located in the Bissalanca district, in the city-sector of Safim, which is conurbated to Bissau.
1991 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1991 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 103rd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 16 December 1990. The championship began on 28 April 1991 and ended on 22 September 1991.

Na Piarsaigh entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Blackrock in the second round.

The final was played on 22 September 1991 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork between Midleton and Glen Rovers, in what was their first meeting in a final in 53 years. Midleton won the match by 1–17 to 1–08 to claim their seventh championship title overall and their first title since 1987.

Ger O'Riordan was the championship's top scorer with 1-22.

1938 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1938 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 30 January 1938. The championship began on 13 March 1938 and ended on 16 October 1938.

Glen Rovers were the defending champions.

On 16 October 1938, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 5–06 to 1–03 defeat of Midleton in the final. This was their fifth championship title and the fifth of eight successive championships.
Duke Aymon
Duke Aymon of Dordone (Italian: Amone, German: Haimon) is a character in the Old French Matter of France, appearing in chansons de geste and Italian romance epics depicting the adventures of Charlemagne and his knights. The son of Doon de Mayence, he is the Duke of Dordone (sometimes associated with Dordogne) and the father of four sons, Renaud, Guichard, Alard and Richard, who are the heroes of Les Quatre Fils Aymon or The Four Sons of Aymon.

Aymon is also a character in Orlando Furioso, along with his sons Renaud (Rinaldo), Alard (Alardo) and Richard (Ricciardo), and his daughter, the female warrior Bradamante.

Matter of France
The Matter of France (French: matière de France), also known as the Carolingian cycle, is a body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with the history of France, in particular involving Charlemagne and the Paladins. The cycle springs from the Old French chansons de geste, and was later adapted into a variety of art forms, including Renaissance epics and operas. It was one of the great European literary cycles that figured repeatedly in medieval literature.
Dingaanstat
Dingaanstat is the 'stat' or village of Dingaan (Dingane, Udingane). The village is known to the Zulu as Umgungundlovu, and was under Zulu rule from 1795 until 1840. Now a mission station of the Dutch Reformed Church, it is situated between Melmoth and Babanango.

Babanango
Babanango is a small town located about 58 kilometers north-west of Melmoth in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Founded in 1904, the town takes its name from the nearby stream and mountain. It is home to the recently established big five game reserve, Babanango Game Reserve, which has brought the community together as a conservation initiative.
Child Jesus images in Mexico
The Niño Dios (literally Child God) of Mexico is a tradition of venerating the Child Jesus in Mexico which has taken root from the time it was introduced in the 16th century and then synchronized with pre-Hispanic elements to form some unique traditions. Mexican Catholics have their own images of the Child Jesus, which is honored and celebrated during the Christmas season, especially on Christmas Eve and on Candlemas (2 February). One tradition unique to Mexico is to dress the image in new clothing each year for presentation at Mass on Candlemas. This dress can vary from representations of the saints, Aztec dress, football/soccer players and more. Also, there are Niño Dios images which are locally famous and honored year-round.

Catholic Church in Mexico
The Mexican Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Mexico, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, his Curia in Rome, and the national Mexican Episcopal Conference. According to the Mexican census, Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Mexico, practiced by 77.7 percent of the population in 2020. A Statistica survey suggests this number could be a little lower, suggesting Catholics could make up 72 percent of the nation.

The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico dates from the period of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521) and it has continued as an institution in Mexico into the twenty-first century. In the late 20th century, Eastern Catholic jurisdictions were also established in Mexico.

In many parts of the country, Catholic Christianity is heavily syncretized with folk customs; and Aztec, Mayan, and other pre-Columban religions.
8th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
The 8th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) was elected by the 1st Session of the 8th Supreme People's Assembly on 30 December 1986. It was replaced on 26 May 1990 by the 9th SPA Standing Committee.

9th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
The 9th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) was elected by the 1st Session of the 9th Supreme People's Assembly on 26 May 1990. It was replaced on 6 September 1998 by the 10th SPA Presidium.
Clifton Fadiman
Clifton Paul "Kip" Fadiman (May 15, 1904 – June 20, 1999) was an American intellectual, author, editor, and radio and television personality. He began his work in radio, and switched to television later in his career.

John Charles Daly
John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly (February 20, 1914 – February 24, 1991) was an American journalist, host, CBS radio and television personality, ABC News executive, TV anchor, and game show host, best known for his work on the CBS panel game show What's My Line?

Daly was the first national correspondent to report the attack on Pearl Harbor and the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. During  World War II, Daly covered front-line news from Europe and North Africa.