hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate
Sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate (CF3SO2Na) is the sodium salt of trifluoromethanesulfinic acid. Together with t-butyl hydroperoxide, an oxidant, this compound was found to be a suitable reagent for introducing trifluoromethyl groups onto electron-rich aromatic compounds by Langlois; this reagent is also known as the Langlois reagent. This reaction operates via a free radical mechanism.

This reagent is also able to trifluoromethylate electron-deficient aromatic compounds under biphasic conditions. Zinc difluoromethanesulfinate, a related polymeric coordination complex, is able to introduce difluoromethyl groups (CHF2-) onto aromatic compounds under similar biphasic conditions as well.

With the use of DMSO as an oxidant, it provides an environmentally friendly way for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl alcohols from alkenes.

Trifluoromethyl group
The trifluoromethyl group is a functional group that has the formula −CF3. The naming of is group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula −CH3), by replacing each hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom. Some common examples are trifluoromethane H−CF3, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane H3C−CF3, and hexafluoroacetone F3C−CO−CF3. Compounds with this group are a subclass of the organofluorines.
Normal modal logic
In logic, a normal modal logic is a set L of modal formulas such that L contains:

All propositional tautologies;

All instances of the Kripke schema:

and it is closed under:

Detachment rule (modus ponens):  implies ;

Necessitation rule:  implies .

The smallest logic satisfying the above conditions is called K. Most modal logics commonly used nowadays (in terms of having philosophical motivations), e.g. C. I. Lewis's S4 and S5, are normal (and hence are extensions of K). However a number of deontic and epistemic logics, for example, are non-normal, often because they give up the Kripke schema.

Every normal modal logic is regular and hence classical.

Epistemic modal logic
Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge.  While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition dating back to Ancient Greece, epistemic logic is a much more recent development with applications in many fields, including philosophy, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, economics, and linguistics.  While philosophers since Aristotle have discussed modal logic, and Medieval philosophers such as Avicenna, Ockham, and Duns Scotus developed many of their observations, it was C. I. Lewis who created the first symbolic and systematic approach to the topic, in 1912.  It continued to mature as a field, reaching its modern form in 1963 with the work of Saul Kripke.
Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages
In the history of Azerbaijan, the Early Middle Ages lasted from the 3rd to the 11th century. This period in the territories of today's Azerbaijan Republic began with the incorporation of these territories into the Sasanian Persian Empire in the 3rd century AD. Feudalism took shape in Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages. The territories of Caucasian Albania became an arena of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. After the Sassanid Empire was felled by the Arab Caliphate, Albania also weakened and was overthrown in 705 AD by the Abbasid Caliphate under the name of Arran. As the control of the Arab Caliphate over the Caucasus region weakened, independent states began to emerge in the territory of Azerbaijan.

Shirvan
Shirvan (from Classical Persian شروان Shirwān or شیروان Shīrwān [Iranian Persian: شروان Shervân or شیروان Shirvân]; Azerbaijani: Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan) is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain.
Dominican Republic men's national volleyball team
The Dominican Republic men's national volleyball team represents the Dominican Republic in international volleyball competitions. In the 1950s the squad twice ended up in fourth place at the Pan American Games (1955 and 1959). The dominant forces in men's volleyball in North and Central America are Cuba and the United States.

United States men's national volleyball team
The United States men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The team is governed by USA Volleyball, and it has won six Olympic medals, three of them gold.
NGC 47
NGC 47 (also known as NGC 58, MCG -1-1-55, IRAS00119-0726 and PGC 967) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus, discovered in 1886 by Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel. Its alternate name NGC 58 is due to the observation by Lewis Swift, who was unaware that Tempel had already discovered the celestial object earlier. It appears as a small, faint spiral nebula with a bright core and is slightly oval.

It is approximately 236 Mly (236 million light years) from Earth, measured by way of a generic "redshift estimate".

Wilhelm Tempel
Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (4 December 1821 – 16 March 1889), normally known as Wilhelm Tempel, was a German astronomer who worked in Marseille until the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, then later moved to Italy.

Tempel was born at Niedercunnersdorf, Saxony. He was a prolific discoverer of comets, discovering or co-discovering 21 in all, including Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, now known to be the parent body of the Leonid meteor shower, and 9P/Tempel, the target of the NASA probe Deep Impact in 2005. Other periodic comets that bear his name include 10P/Tempel and 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR.

In 1861, he was awarded the Lalande Prize. He won the Prix Valz for the year 1880. The main-belt asteroid 3808 Tempel and the lunar crater Tempel are named after him.
Join the Club
"Join the Club" is the 67th episode overall and the second episode of the sixth season of the HBO television drama series The Sopranos. Written by series creator/executive producer David Chase and directed by David Nutter, it premiered on March 19, 2006 in the United States. The episode had nearly nine million viewers on its premiere date, and critical reception was highly positive.

A.J. Soprano
Anthony John Soprano Jr. is a fictional character on the HBO television series The Sopranos, portrayed by Robert Iler. He is the son of Carmela and Tony Soprano and the younger brother of Meadow Soprano.
Troubadour style
Taking its name from medieval troubadours, the Troubadour Style (French: Style troubadour) is a rather derisive term, in English usually applied to French historical painting of the early 19th century with idealised depictions of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.  In French it also refers to the equivalent architectural styles. It can be seen as an aspect of Romanticism and a reaction against Neoclassicism, which was coming to an end at the end of the Consulate, and became particularly associated with Josephine Bonaparte and Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchesse de Berry.  In architecture the style was an exuberant French equivalent to the Gothic Revival of the Germanic and Anglophone countries.  The style related to contemporary developments in French literature, and music, but the term is usually restricted to painting and architecture.

French Revolution of 1848
The French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.

The revolution took place in Paris, and was preceded by the French government's crackdown on the campagne des banquets. Starting on 22 February as a large-scale protest against the government of François Guizot, it later developed into a violent uprising against the monarchy. After intense urban fighting, large crowds managed to take control of the capital, leading to the abdication of King Louis Philippe I on 24 February and the subsequent proclamation of the Second Republic.
Abaeus
Abaeus (Ancient Greek: Ἀβαῖος) was a toponymic epithet of the Greek god Apollo, derived from the town of Abae in Phocis, where the god had a rich temple renowned for its oracles, which were said to have been consulted by Croesus and Mardonius, among others. This temple of Apollo Abaeus was destroyed by the Persians during the invasion of Xerxes, and a second time by the Boeotians. It was rebuilt by Hadrian.

Oracle
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. If done through occultic means, it is a form of divination.
Lake Brownwood State Park
Lake Brownwood State Park is a state park located on the shore of Lake Brownwood in Brown County, Texas, United States, and is administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The  537.5-acre park was acquired by deed from the Brown County Water Improvement District No. 1 in 1933. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) developed the park between 1934 and 1942. The park opened in 1938.

Brown County, Texas
Brown County is a county in central Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,095. Its county seat is Brownwood. The county was founded in 1856 and organized in 1858. It is named for Henry Stevenson Brown, a commander at the Battle of Velasco, an early conflict between Texans and Mexicans. The Brownwood, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Brown County.
Zak Gibson
Zakary Neil Gibson (born 19 March 1997) is a New Zealand cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Northern Districts on 15 March 2016 in the 2015–16 Plunket Shield. He made his Twenty20 debut for Northern Districts on 4 December 2016 in the 2016–17 Super Smash. He made his List A debut for Northern Districts on 15 January 2017 in the 2016–17 Ford Trophy. In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Northern Districts for the 2018–19 season.

Northern Districts men's cricket team
The Northern Districts cricket team is a men's cricket team that represents the northern half of New Zealand’s North Island (excluding Auckland). It is one of six major first-class cricket teams governed by New Zealand Cricket. The team competes in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, the Ford Trophy one-day competition, and the Men's Super Smash T20 competition. The T20 team is known as the Northern Brave (previously Northern Knights until the 2021–22 season.

Northern Districts were the last of New Zealand’s six major teams to gain first-class status, joining the Plunket Shield in the 1956–57 season. The association comprises six constituent districts: Northland Cricket Association, Counties Manukau Cricket Association, Waikato Valley Cricket, Hamilton Cricket Association, Bay of Plenty Cricket, and Poverty Bay Cricket Association.
Tembuland (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Tembuland (Afrikaans: Temboeland) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1948. It covered a rural area of the Eastern Cape between the Mthatha and Great Kei rivers, the traditional homeland of the Thembu people for whom the seat was named. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Anti-submarine mortar
Anti-submarine mortars (also called "depth charge throwers" or "depth charge projectors" for most cases) are artillery pieces deployed on ships for the purpose of sinking submarines with a small explosive charge. They are often larger versions of the mortar used by infantry and fire a projectile in relatively the same manner. They were created during World War II as a development of the depth charge and work on the same principle, many mortars initially using those chages as projectiles.

Squid (weapon)
Squid was a British World War II ship-mounted anti-submarine weapon. It consisted of a three-barrelled mortar which launched depth charges. It replaced the Hedgehog system, and was in turn replaced by the Limbo system.
Wilhelm, Prince of Albania
Wilhelm, Prince of Albania (Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich; Albanian: Vilhelm, Princ i Shqipërisë, 26 March 1876 – 18 April 1945) was sovereign of the Principality of Albania from 7 March to 3 September 1914. His reign officially came to an end on 31 January 1925, when the country was declared an Albanian Republic.

Outside the country and in diplomatic correspondence, he was styled "sovereign prince", but in Albania, he was referred to as mbret, or king.

Schönburg family
The House of Schönburg (also Schumburg; Czech: ze Šumburka) is an old noble family of princely and historically sovereign rank. It previously owned large properties in present-day Saxony, Thuringia and Bohemia. As a formerly ruling and mediatized family, it belongs to the Hochadel (German for 'high nobility'). The family today includes two princely branches and a comital branch.
Shanghai Singapore International School
Shanghai Singapore International School (Chinese: 上海新加坡外籍人员子女学校) is a K-12 private school and a school for children of foreign personnel in Shanghai, China.

There are two campuses: the Minhang Campus serves preschool through senior high school and the Xuhui Campus serves preschool through elementary school. The two campuses merged during 2019.

Xuhui, Shanghai
Xuhui District is a core urban district of Shanghai. It has a land area of 54.76 km2 (21.14 sq mi) and a population of 1,113,078 as of 2020. Xuhui District has 12 subdistricts and two townships.

The Xuhui District is named after its namesake, the historic area of Xujiahui. Xujiahui was historically land owned by Ming dynasty bureaucrat and scientist Xu Guangqi, and later donated to the Roman Catholic Church. It and Luwan District jointly formed the core of Catholic Shanghai, centered in the former French Concession of Shanghai. Vestiges of the French influence can still be seen in the St. Ignatius Cathedral of Shanghai, Xuhui College, the Xujiahui Observatory, and some remaining boulevards and French-style districts.

Xujiahui itself has been redeveloped as a financial center, with a proliferation of large-scale shopping centers and department stores, and is now a major shopping destination in the city with shopping malls such as Grand Gateway Shanghai and Pacific Sogo.
Punto Obelisco
Punto Obelisco (Obelisk Point) is a zone around the Obelisk of Buenos Aires and the Plaza de la República. It is a project held by the city's government in order to enrich the surroundings of the monument and to make it the center of entertainment in the city. A zone combining the theatres avenue (Corrientes Avenue) and the lights of LED signs taking inspiration from Times Square in New York City, the Shibuya Crossing in Tokyo and Piccadilly Circus in London and runs through Avenida 9 de Julio between Rivadavia Avenue and Córdoba Avenue . It also includes a ticket sales stand.

Obelisco de Buenos Aires
The Obelisco de Buenos Aires (Obelisk of Buenos Aires) is a national historic monument and icon of Buenos Aires. Located in the Plaza de la República in the intersection of avenues Corrientes and 9 de Julio, the reinforced concrete structure was erected in 1936 to commemorate the quadricentennial of the first foundation of the city.
Corhampton
Corhampton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Corhampton and Meonstoke, in the Winchester district, in the county of Hampshire, England. It lies on the western bank of the River Meon. In 1931 the parish had a population of 87. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Meonstoke to form "Corhampton and Meonstoke".

City of Winchester
Winchester (/ˈwɪntʃɪstər/), or the City of Winchester, is a local government district with city status in Hampshire, England.

The district is named after its main settlement of Winchester, which is where the council is based and is also the county town of Hampshire. The city boundaries also encompass a large surrounding rural area, including the towns of New Alresford and Whiteley and numerous villages.

Parts of the district lie within the South Downs National Park. The neighbouring districts are Basingstoke and Deane, East Hampshire, Havant, Portsmouth, Fareham, Eastleigh and Test Valley.
East Branch Piscataqua River
The East Branch Piscataqua River is a 10.2-mile-long (16.4 km) river in Maine. It is a tributary of the Piscataqua River, which flows to the Presumpscot River and ultimately to Casco Bay.

The East Branch rises between the towns of Yarmouth and North Yarmouth and flows southwest into Cumberland and eventually Falmouth, where it joins the Piscataqua just upstream from that river's mouth at the Presumpscot River.

Falmouth, Maine
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth) is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 12,444 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.

A northern suburb of Portland, Falmouth borders Casco Bay and offers one of the largest anchorages in Maine. The town is home to three private golf clubs and the Portland Yacht Club.
Baselice
Baselice is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 90 km northeast of Naples and about 35 km northeast of Benevento.

Baselice borders the following municipalities: Castelvetere in Val Fortore, Colle Sannita, Foiano di Val Fortore, San Bartolomeo in Galdo, San Marco dei Cavoti.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
2018 Buckle Up in Your Truck 225
The 2018 Buckle Up in Your Truck 225 was the 12th stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series season and the eighth iteration of the event. The race was held on Thursday, July 12, 2018, in Sparta, Kentucky, at Kentucky Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. At race's end, Ben Rhodes of ThorSport Racing would win after not pitting for tires on the final round of pit stops, earning his second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win and his first and only of the season. To fill out the podium, Stewart Friesen of Halmar Friesen Racing and Matt Crafton of ThorSport Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Camping World Truck Series at Kentucky Speedway
Pickup truck racing events in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series have been held at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, during numerous seasons and times of year from 2000 to 2020.

Kentucky received a second date beginning in 2011 as part of NASCAR's 2011 schedule realignment before it went back down to one race in 2013.
Oakville GO Station
Oakville GO Station is a GO Transit railway station and bus station in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. It is colocated and shares platforms with Via Rail's Oakville railway station.

It is a stop on GO's Lakeshore West line train service and, until October 2007, served as the western terminus for weekend service. On weekdays, one branch of the Highway 407 GO bus service, that connects with Sheridan College, Square One Bus Terminal, Bramalea GO Station, and Highway 407 Bus Terminal terminates at this station. Apart from Union Station, Oakville is the busiest station in GO Transit's network by passenger volume.

It is served by Via Corridor intercity routes between Windsor and Toronto, and the joint Amtrak–Via Maple Leaf service between New York City and Toronto.

Maple Leaf (train)
The Maple Leaf is an international passenger train service operated by Amtrak and Via Rail between New York Penn Station in New York City and Union Station in Toronto via Amtrak's Empire Corridor, and the south western part of Via Rail's Quebec City–Windsor Corridor.  Daily service is offered in both directions; the 544-mile (875 km) trip takes approximately 12 hours, including two hours for U.S. or Canadian customs and immigration inspection at either Niagara Falls, New York, or Niagara Falls, Ontario. Although the train uses Amtrak rolling stock exclusively, the train is operated by Via Rail crews while in Canada and by Amtrak crews in the United States. Service began in 1981.
Tanci
Tanci is a narrative form of song in China that alternates between verse and prose. The literal name "plucking rhymes" refers to the singing of verse portions to a pipa. A tanci is usually seven words long. On some occasions the length is ten words. Some scholars refer to tanci as "plucking rhymes," "southern singing narrative," "story-sining," "strum lyrics". The local forms of Tanci encompasses Suzhou Tanci, Yangzhou Tanci, Siming Nanci, Shaoxing Pinghudiao, etc.

Tanci consists of both spoken storytelling and sung ballads.  Another distinct narrative style is pinghua, a storytelling art form which is purely spoken. The word pingtan is used as a collective term to refer to tanci and pinghua.

The three most famous tanci are the Zaishengyuan ("Lovers through Time") by Chen Duansheng, Tianyuhua ("A Rain of Flowers") by Tao Zhenhuai, and Bishenghua ("Flowers from her Brush") by Qiu Xinru.

Pingshu
Pingshu (Chinese: 评书) or pinghua (Chinese: 评话), also colloquially known as shuoshu (Chinese: 说书), refers to the traditional Han Chinese performing art of storytelling with no musical accompaniment. It is better known as pingshu in northern China and pinghua in southern China.