hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pure tone
In psychoacoustics and signal processing, a pure tone is a sound or other signal with a sinusoidal waveform; that is, a sine wave of constant frequency, phase-shift, and amplitude.
A pure tone has the property – unique among real-valued wave shapes – that its wave shape is unchanged by linear time-invariant systems; that is, only the phase and amplitude change between such a system's pure-tone input and its output.

Sine and cosine waves can be used as basic building blocks of more complex waves.  As additional sine waves having different frequencies are combined, the waveform transforms from a sinusoidal shape into a more complex shape.
When considered as part of a whole spectrum, a pure tone may also be called a spectral component.

In clinical audiology, pure tones are used for pure-tone audiometry to characterize hearing thresholds at different frequencies.
Sound localization is often more difficult with pure tones than with other sounds.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
S. Rangarajan
Srinivasan Rangarajan (10 April 1936 – 8 February 2007) was an Indian journalist, entrepreneur, cricketer, film producer and socialite. He is the youngest son of K. Srinivasan and grandson of S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar.

S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar
S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar  (15 December 1859 – 12 December 1923) was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist, politician and journalist who served as the managing director of The Hindu from 1 April 1905 until his death.
Fascisti su Marte
Fascisti su Marte (Fascists on Mars) is a 2006 Italian film, directed by Corrado Guzzanti and Igor Skofic.

Based on the sketches made by Corrado Guzzanti as part of the TV program Il caso Scafroglia (2002), this movie is an uchronia, a “satirical exercise” in historical scifi-revisionism, filmed as a pseudo-documentary and parodying the style of the Istituto Luce newsreels during the Italian Fascist regime.

The film was presented at the 2006 Rome International Film Festival, and in 2007 it was nominated for a David di Donatello for Best Original Song.

Balilla
Balilla was the nickname of Giovanni Battista Perasso (1735–1781), a Genoese boy who, according to tradition, started the revolt of 1746 against the Habsburg forces that occupied the city in the War of the Austrian Succession by throwing a stone at an Austrian official.
Special Protection Group
The Special Protection Group (SPG) is an agency under the  Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India, whose sole responsibility is protecting the Prime Minister of India and, in some cases, their family. It was formed in 1988 by an Act of the Parliament of India. The agency protects the Prime Minister at all times, both in India and abroad, as well as the Prime Minister's immediate family members. Family members, however, may decline security.

Previously, the SPG's mandate included protecting the prime minister's "parents, wife  [sic] and children" resident anywhere in India during their term of office and for five years after leaving office. However, the Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019 reduced such mandate. Presently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the only SPG protectee.

Toyota Fortuner
The Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a mid-size SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2004.

Built on the Hilux pickup truck platform, it features two/three rows of seats and is available in either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive configuration. It is a part of Toyota's IMV project for emerging markets, which also includes the Hilux and the Innova.

The name Fortuner is derived from the English word fortune.
Quarup
The Quarup or Kuarup is the principal funeral ritual of the Indigenous people of the Xingu. It is a gathering of all neighbouring tribes to celebrate life, death, and rebirth. One of its central events is the presentation of all young girls who have experienced menarche since the last quarup and whose time has come to choose a partner, they tint their bodies and wear many ornaments and dance. It is a festival for the dead.

Xingu peoples
The Xingu are an indigenous people of Brazil living near the Xingu River. They are the Aweti, Kalapalo, Kamaiurá, Kayapó, Kuikuro, Matipu, Mehinako, Nahukuá, Suyá, Trumai, Wauja and the Yawalapiti peoples. They have many cultural similarities despite their different ethnicity and language groups. Xingu people represent fifteen tribes and all four of Brazil's indigenous language groups, but they share similar belief systems, rituals and ceremonies.
Atlixco
Atlixco (Nahuatl pronunciation: [aːˈt͡ɬiːʃko] ⓘ) is a city in the Mexican state of Puebla. It is a regional industrial and commercial center but economically it is much better known for its production of ornamental plants and cut flowers. The city was founded early in the colonial period, originally under the jurisdiction of Huejotzingo, but eventually separated to become an independent municipality. The municipality has a number of notable cultural events, the most important of which is the El Huey Atlixcayotl, a modern adaptation of an old indigenous celebration. This event brings anywhere from 800 to 1,500 participants from all over the state of Puebla to create music, dance, and other cultural and artistic performances. Atlixco joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2018.

Huaquechula
Huaquechula is a town in Huaquechula Municipality located in state of Puebla in central Mexico. The settlement dates back at least as far as 1110 CE although its center has moved to twice to its current location. Since its founding, it has been an agricultural community, today raising crops such as peanuts, corn and sorghum, although there are some handcrafts as well. The town is known for its traditions related to the Feast of the Cross, but even more so for its “cabo del año” altars on Day of the Dead, which are dedicated to family members who have died during the previous year. These have been declared a cultural heritage of the state of Puebla and bring tourists to the town, mostly from Puebla.
Borneo Cup
Borneo Cup (Malay: Piala Borneo) was a football tournament held in East Malaysia and Brunei. The tournament was played in Borneo since the 1950s, perhaps earlier. Before the establishment of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, the tournament was contested by three national teams, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei. After North Borneo and Sarawak formed Malaysia together with Malaya and Singapore, it competed as states of Malaysia.

In 1977, the tournament champions Sabah qualify for the Malaysia Cup. The following year, the tournament served as the Malaysia Cup east zone qualifying round. In the 2010s, there is an effort to revive the Cup by the Sabah Football Association (SAFA), but with the absence of sponsors and the tight schedule of the Brunei team in the S.League became a major barrier to the efforts.

Crown Colony of North Borneo
The Crown Colony of North Borneo was a Crown colony on the island of Borneo established in 1946 shortly after the dissolution of the British Military Administration. The Crown Colony of Labuan joined the new Crown colony during its formation. It was succeeded as the state of Sabah through the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
1992–93 Ronchetti Cup
The 1992–93 Ronchetti Cup was the 22nd edition of FIBA Europe's second competition for women's basketball teams, from 30 September 1992 to 17 March 1993. Basket Parma defeated Olimpia Poznan in the final to win its second title three years later. The competition's qualifying stage was expanded due to the break-up of the Soviet Union and the SFR Yugoslavia. At the same time, the three teams from the FR Yugoslavia were disqualified in the application of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 757.

Ronchetti Cup
The Ronchetti Cup (called till 1996 European Cup Liliana Ronchetti and European Cup Winners' Cup till 1974) was an annual women's basketball European club competition held by FIBA between 1972 and 2002. It was the second competition in European basketball, after the European Cup For Women's Champions Clubs (later renamed EuroLeague Women).

It was replaced in 2002 by the EuroCup Women which is the absolute equivalent.
Beausoleil, New Brunswick
Beausoleil is a rural community in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It was formed through the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reforms.  It encompasses the communities of Cocagne, Grande-Digue, Notre-Dame, Shediac Bridge, Shediac River.

2023 New Brunswick local governance reform
Local governance reform in the Canadian province of New Brunswick was implemented on January 1, 2023. This resulted in a significant reorganization of the local government entities in the province, including a reduction in the number of entities from 340 to 89, consisting of 77 local governments and 12 rural districts nested within 12 regional service commissions. The local governance reform review was commenced by the Government of New Brunswick in January 2021 and was promoted as the most consequential restructuring of the local governance system since Premier Robichaud's Equal Opportunity Program.
Bairdsville, New Jersey
Bairdsville is an unincorporated community on the border of Manalapan and Millstone townships in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The community is centered on the intersection of Woodville Road (County Route 527A) and Baird Road. Near the site of Bairdsville in Millstone is the Thomas Baird Homestead, a home owned by one of the first families to settle in Millstone.

Manalapan Township, New Jersey
Manalapan Township (/məˈnæləpɪn/, mə-NAL-ə-pin) is a township in western Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is centrally located within the Raritan Valley Region and is a part of the New York Metro Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 40,905, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,033 (+5.2%) from the 2010 census count of 38,872, which in turn reflected an increase of 5,449 (+16.3%) from the 33,423 counted in the 2000 census.

The name "Manalapan" is derived from a word in the Lenape language that would mean either "land of good bread", "good land to settle upon", "good bread" or "covered swamp with edible roots".
Immigration law
Immigration law includes the national statutes, regulations, and legal precedents governing immigration into and deportation from a country. Strictly speaking, it is distinct from other matters such as naturalization and citizenship, although they are sometimes conflated.  Countries frequently maintain laws that regulate both the rights of entry and exit as well as internal rights, such as the duration of stay, freedom of movement, and the right to participate in commerce or government.

Immigrant investor programs
Immigrant investor programs are immigration programs offered by countries or territories that allow individuals to more quickly obtain residence or citizenship of a country in return for making qualifying and substantive investments. Broadly, the programs offer either citizenship by investment ("golden passport" or "cash-for-passports"), residence by investment ("golden visa"), or a hybrid with immediate residence followed by accelerated citizenship.

Program applicants must usually fulfill multiple qualification criteria. Investment can take a variety of forms including a contribution to government funds; purchase of qualifying real estate (for example, in specific government-sanctioned projects); investment in a qualifying business (for example, in a specific industry); or creation of a set number of jobs.
Assam Skill University
Assam Skill University is a public state university located at Mangaldai, Darrang district, Assam, India. It was established by The Assam Skill University Act, 2020 which was passed by the Assam Legislative Assembly on 3 September 2020 and received the assent of the Governor of Assam on 12 October 2020

On 7 August 2021, former IAS officer, who had served as the Additional Chief Secretary of Assam, Subhash Chandra Das was appointed as the Vice Chancellor of the University. The Chief Minister of Assam by virtue of his office is the chancellor of the university.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
Jakaya Kikwete
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1950) is a Tanzanian politician who was the fourth president of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015.

Prior to his election as president, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under his predecessor, Benjamin Mkapa. He also served as the chairperson of the African Union in 2008–2009 and the chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012–2013.

Chairperson of the African Union
The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union (AU) elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term. It rotates among the continent's five regions.

A candidate must be selected by consensus or at least two-thirds majority vote by member states. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without interruption; hence countries with impending elections may be ineligible.

The current Chairperson is Burundian President Évariste Ndayishimiye.
Thurgood (play)
Thurgood is a one-man play depicting the life and career of Thurgood Marshall. Written by George Stevens, Jr., the play premiered on Broadway in 2008. It was later adapted for television and broadcast on HBO, with Laurence Fishburne receiving nominations for both a Tony Award and a Primetime Emmy Award for his performance.

Solo performance
A solo performance, sometimes referred to as a one-man show, one-woman show, or one-person show, features a single person telling a story for an audience, typically for the purpose of entertainment. This type of performance comes in many varieties, including autobiographical creations, comedy acts, novel adaptations, vaudeville, poetry, music and dance. In 1996, Rob Becker's Defending the Caveman became the longest-running one-person play in the history of Broadway theatre.
James Lewicki
James Lewicki (December 13, 1917 – December 12, 1979) was a 20th-century American artist and illustrator who worked for many of the magazines of his day and extensively for Life magazine. His book illustrations include The Life Treasury of American Folklore, The World We Live In (Life magazine), The Golden Bough written by Sir James Frazer and published by the Limited Editions Club (see The Heritage Press) and The Golden Book of Christmas Tales, written by his wife, Lillian. Lewicki also explored the Christmas theme in magazines and created cards for the American Artists Group.

Society of Illustrators
The Society of Illustrators (SoI) is a professional society based in New York City. It was founded in 1901 to promote the art of illustration and, since 1959, has held an annual exhibition.

Since absorbing the Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art (MoCCA) in 2012, the Society has also promoted the art of comics. In addition to its holding exhibitions in its own Museum of American Illustration, the Society holds the annual MoCCA Festival, an independent comics showcase.
Charles Lillywhite
Charles Lillywhite (dates of birth and death unknown) was an English cricketer. Lillywhite's batting style is unknown.  He was christened at Duncton, Sussex on 11 March 1804.

Lillywhite made a single first-class appearance for Sussex in 1837 against Kent at the Old County Ground, West Malling. In a match which Kent won by 2 wickets, Lillywhite opened the batting in both of Sussex's innings, being dismissed for a duck in their first-innings by Robert Hills and for 4 runs in their second-innings.

Robert Hills (cricketer, born 1813)
Robert Hills (September 1813 – 25 July 1884) was an English cricketer active in the late 1830s. Born at Ash-Next-Ridley, Kent, he was a batsman and bowler of unknown handedness who made seven known appearances in first-class cricket.

Hills made his first-class debut for Kent against Sussex in 1836 at the Old County Ground, Town Malling. He made a further appearance in 1836 in a return fixture between the teams at Brighton, before making five further first-class appearances in 1837. In seven first-class matches for Kent he scored 51 runs at an average of 5.66, with a top-score of 14 not out. As a bowler he took 13 wickets, though due to incomplete records, his bowling average is not known, but it is known the most wickets he took in a single innings was three.

He died at Gravesend, Kent on 25 July 1884.
January LaVoy
January LaVoy (born in Trumbull, Connecticut) is an American actress and audiobook narrator. As an actress, she is most recognized as Noelle Ortiz on the ABC daytime drama One Life to Live. LaVoy made her Broadway debut in the Broadway premiere of the play Enron at the Broadhurst Theatre on April 27, 2010.

As an audiobook narrator, she has received five Audie Awards and been a finalist for nineteen. In 2013, she won Publishers Weekly's Listen Up Award for Audiobook Narrator of the Year. In 2019, AudioFile named her a Golden Voice narrator.

Lucille Lortel Awards
The Lucille Lortel Awards recognize excellence in New York Off-Broadway theatre. The Awards are named for Lucille Lortel, an actress and theater producer, and have been awarded since 1986. They are produced by the League of Off-Broadway Theatres and Producers by special arrangement with the Lucille Lortel Foundation, with additional support from the Theatre Development Fund.

Other awards for off-Broadway theatre (although not necessarily exclusive to off-Broadway theatre) include the Drama League Award, Outer Critics Circle Awards, Drama Desk Awards and the Obie Awards, as well as the Henry Hewes Design Awards presented by the American Theatre Wing.
Desulfobotulus sapovorans
Desulfobotulus sapovorans is a bacterium from the genus of Desulfobotulus which has been isolated from freshwater mud in Germany. It lives best at moderate temperatures, similar to room temperature or body temperature, which means it is mesophilic. D. sapovorans thrives in environments without oxygen (anaerobic) and gets its energy through breaking down organic materials. Instead of using oxygen for this process, it uses sulfate, making it a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Sulfate-reducing bacteria play an important role in recycling nutrients in the environments where they live, including aquatic, freshwater, and mud environments where oxygen is limited.

Electron acceptor
An electron acceptor is a chemical entity that accepts electrons transferred to it from another compound. Electron acceptors are oxidizing agents.

The electron accepting power of an electron acceptor is measured by its redox potential.

In the simplest case, electron acceptors are reduced by one electron.  The process can alter the structure of the acceptor substantially. When the added electron is highly delocalized, the structural consequences of the reduction can be subtle. The central C-C distance in the electron acceptor tetracyanoethylene elongates from 135 to 143 pm upon acceptance of an electron.  In the formation of some donor-acceptor complexes, less than one electron is transferred.  TTF-TCNQ is a charge transfer complex.
13th Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly
The 13th Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) was elected by the 1st Session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 2014.  It was replaced on 11 April 2019 by the 14th SPA Presidium.

14th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
The 14th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) was elected by the 1st Session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly on 11 April 2019. It was named 14th Presidium until sometime in 2021 when the body's name was changed to the current one.
Diggle railway station
Diggle railway station served the village of Diggle, in Greater Manchester, England. It was a stop on the Huddersfield Line, sited to the north of Uppermill and immediately to the west of the Standedge Tunnels.

Uppermill
Uppermill is a village in the civil parish of Saddleworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies on the River Tame in a valley amongst the South Pennines with the Peak District National Park directly to the east, 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Oldham and 11 miles (17.7 km) northeast of Manchester. Uppermill and the neighbouring village of Dobcross have a combined population of 7,500.
Historiography of early Islam
The historiography of early Islam is the secular scholarly literature on the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first purported revelations in 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in 661, 
and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century.

Muslims developed methodologies such as the "science of biography" and the "science of hadith" to evaluate the reliability of these narratives, while prominent figures like Ibn Khaldun introduced critical historiographical methods, emphasizing the importance of context and the systematic evaluation of historical data.

Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal
Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal (Arabic: الكمال في أسماء الرجال) is a collection of biographies of hadith narrators within the Islamic discipline of biographical evaluation by the 12th-century Islamic scholar Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi.
2014 Korea Open
The 2014 Korea Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place in Seoul, South Korea between 13 September and 21 September 2014. Second-seeded Karolína Plíšková won the singles title.

Korea Open (tennis)
The Korea Open (Korean: 코리아오픈테니스대회) is a professional tennis tournament held in Seoul, South Korea. The women's edition started in 2004 as a WTA International tournament and is played at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center on outdoor hardcourts.  The event was a WTA 500-level in 2024 and in 2025. It returned to its previous WTA 250-level in 2026. In 2022 a men's ATP Tour 250 event was also held.
Olga of Kiev
Olga (Church Slavonic: Ольга; Old Norse: Helga; c. 890–925 – 11 July 969) was a regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Sviatoslav from 945 until 957. Following her baptism, Olga took the name Elenа. She is known for her subjugation of the Drevlians, a tribe that had killed her husband Igor. Even though it was her grandson Vladimir who adopted Christianity and made it the state religion, she was the first ruler to be baptized.

Olga is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church with the epithet "Equal to the Apostles". Her feast day is 11 July.

De Ceremoniis
The  De Cerimoniis or De Ceremoniis (fully De cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae) is the conventional Latin name for a Greek book of ceremonial protocol at the court of the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople, written in the middle of the 10th century. Its Greek title is often cited as Ἔκθεσις τῆς βασιλείου τάξεως ("Explanation of the Order of the Palace"), taken from the work's preface, or Περὶ τῆς Βασιλείου Τάξεως ("On the Order of the Palace"). In non-specialist English sources, it tends to be called the Book of Ceremonies (variably spelt), a formula used by writers including David Talbot Rice and the modern English translation.