hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Corbett Road railway station
Corbett Road railway station was a small rural flag station on the Marton–New Plymouth line in Taranaki, New Zealand. It opened in 1875, serving the region’s first railway line between New Plymouth and Waitara. Later, it became a flag-stop on the main line extending south towards Wanganui.

The station had minimal facilities, primarily serving local dairy and crop farmers. It was closed in 1963.

Marton–New Plymouth line
The Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) is a secondary railway in the North Island of New Zealand, linking the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. It diverges from the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) at Marton and follows the South Taranaki Bight along the west coast before turning inland to meet the Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) at Stratford, continuing on to New Plymouth.

Construction of the line was completed in 1885. With the completion of the SOL in 1933, the combined route provided an alternative western connection to the NIMT—though this role diminished when the SOL was mothballed in 2010. In its early years, the MNPL hosted the New Plymouth Express, the North Island’s first regional express service. Following the withdrawal of passenger services in 1977, the line has been used exclusively for freight.
William Beaumont Army Medical Center
William Beaumont Army Medical Center is a Department of Defense medical facility located in Fort Bliss, Texas. It provides comprehensive care to all beneficiaries including active duty military, their family members, and retirees. The hospital is located in the Central/Northeastern part of El Paso, and provides emergency department services for Northeast El Paso. The current 1.1-million-square-foot, 6-building medical complex opened July 10, 2021, on East Fort Bliss. WBAMC is affiliated with the Paul L. Foster School of Medicine which is also located in El Paso, Texas. WBAMC is also a participating hospital for medical residents from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and nursing students from the University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing and the El Paso Community College Nursing School.

Alexis St. Martin
Alexis Bidagan dit St-Martin (April 8, 1802 – June 24, 1880) was a Canadian voyageur who is known for his part in experiments on digestion in humans, conducted on him by the American Army physician William Beaumont between 1822 and 1833. St-Martin was shot in a near-fatal accident in 1822. His wound did not heal fully, leaving an opening into his stomach. Studies of St-Martin's stomach led to greater understanding of the stomach, gastric juices and the processes of digestion.
KFZX
KFZX (102.1 FM) is a radio station located in the Midland/Odessa, Texas market which plays a Classic hits music format.  Its studios are located at the ICA Business Plaza on East Eighth Street in Odessa, just east of downtown, and its transmitter is located in far west rural Ector County, Texas.

The Bob & Tom Show
The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995. Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the beginning of 2014.

The program enjoys extensive popularity and has frequently received recognition by the National Association of Broadcasters as an exemplar in American radio. Cumulus Media describes the program as "the most successful nationally syndicated morning drive show in radio history."
Reed O'Connor
Reed Charles O'Connor (born June 1, 1965) is a chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. He was nominated by President George W. Bush in 2007.

Critics claim that O'Connor has become a "go-to" favorite for conservative lawyers, as he reliably rules against Democratic policies and for Republican policies. Attorneys General in Texas appear to strategically file cases in O'Connor's jurisdiction so that he will hear them.

O'Connor has widely been described as conservative, and many of his rulings have been reversed on appeal.

Gun Control Act of 1968
The Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA or GCA68) is a U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and firearms ownership. Due to constitutional limitations, the Act is primarily based on regulating interstate commerce in firearms by generally prohibiting interstate firearms transfers except by manufacturers, dealers and importers licensed under a scheme set up under the Act.

The GCA was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968, and is Title I of the U.S. federal firearms laws. The National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA) is Title II. Both GCA and NFA are enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF).

18 USC chapter 44 was first enacted by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. GCA repealed the Federal Firearms Act of 1938, though many of its provisions were reenacted as part of the GCA, which revised the FFA and its predecessor, the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA).
Elias Not Afraid
Elias Jade Not Afraid (born 1990) is an Apsáalooke (Crow/Absaroke) artist known for his traditional and non-traditional beadwork.

He is a member of the Crow Tribe of Montana, who grew up on the Crow Reservation between Lodge Grass and Wyola, Montana.

Lodge Grass, Montana
Lodge Grass (Crow: Eelalapiío) is a town in Big Horn County, Montana, United States. The population was 441 at the 2020 census.

It is at the confluence of Lodge Grass Creek and the Little Bighorn River, on the Crow Indian Reservation.
E-petitioner
E-petitioner is an online petition system developed in Scotland, characterised by its integration into the processes of representative democracy. It allows citizens to raise and sign a petition, read background information on the issue, and add comments to an online forum associated with each petition.

The system evolved from a research project conducted jointly by the Scottish Parliament, the International Teledemocracy Centre at Edinburgh Napier University and BT Scotland, as part of an investigation into the use of information and communication technologies in encouraging democratic participation.

It has been used by national governments, local authorities and a students union.

Edinburgh Napier University
Edinburgh Napier University (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Napier Dhùn Èideann) is a public university in Edinburgh, Scotland. Napier Technical College, the predecessor of the university, was founded in 1964, taking its name from 16th-century Scottish mathematician and philosopher John Napier. The technical college was inaugurated as a university in 1992 by Lord Douglas-Hamilton, becoming Napier University. In 2009, the university was renamed Edinburgh Napier University.

The university is based around its three main Edinburgh campuses: Merchiston, Craiglockhart, and Sighthill. It has over 21,000 students, including those on-campus in Scotland and others studying transnational programmes abroad and online. In 2018 this included nearly 9,500 international and EU students, from more than 140 nations worldwide.

Sue Rigby replaced Andrea Nolan as Principal and Vice Chancellor in January 2025.
John Oxley Youth Detention Centre
The John Oxley Youth Detention Centre was a youth detention center at Wacol in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It operated from 1987 to 2001.  The Brisbane Youth Detention Centre was built to replace the closed Cleveland Youth Detention Centre.

The centre was central to the Carmody Inquiry into child protection.
The inquiry examined the Heiner Affair, which was an inquiry into the management of the John Oxley Youth Detention Centre in the late 1980s.  The inquiry heard allegations that children at the centre were left outside in their winter in their underwear and also handcuffed to a pool fence. Management was accused of bullying and intimidation.

Cleveland Youth Detention Centre
The Cleveland Youth Detention Centre is a youth detention center at Rowes Bay in Townsville, Queensland, Australia.  It is the only youth detention centre in regional Queensland.  It has a capacity of 110 children.  The Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability Services is responsible for the centre.  The detention centre was established in 1980.

Each cell contains a bed, toilet, shower, desk and a shelf. Bedding and toiletries are supplied.  Each child is given breakfast, morning tea, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. Phone calls of up to 10 minutes at a time totaling 120 minutes of call time each week are permitted.

Children are assigned a caseworker.  Youth detention centres in Queensland have an education and training centre, which detainees are required to participate in five days a week.  The centre has experienced chronic staff shortages which has led to the use of solitary confinement.

In 2019, 12 new beds were added to the centre.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Long Beach, New York
This is a list of all National Register of Historic Places listings in the City of Long Beach in Nassau County, New York. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

Long Beach, New York
Long Beach is an oceanfront city in Nassau County, New York, United States. It takes up a central section of the Long Beach Barrier Island, which is the westernmost of the outer barrier islands off Long Island's South Shore. Thee city's population was 35,029 at the time of the 2020 census.

The City of Long Beach was incorporated in 1922, and is nicknamed "The City by the Sea" (the Latin form, Civitas ad mare, is the city's motto). The Long Beach Barrier Island is surrounded by Reynolds Channel to the north, east and west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south.

In 2022, Long Beach was named one of the best East Coast towns for a summer getaway by Time Out magazine.
Dibbler
The dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) is an endangered species of marsupial. It is an inhabitant of the southwest mainland of Western Australia and some offshore islands.  It is a member of the  order Dasyuromorphia, and the only member of the genus Parantechinus. The dibbler is a small, nocturnal carnivore with speckled fur that is white around the eyes.

Dasyuromorphia
Dasyuromorphia (/dæsijʊəroʊˈmɔːrfiə/) is an order comprising most of the Australian carnivorous marsupials. The order contains four families: Myrmecobiidae, with just a single living species, the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus), Thylacinidae, with one recently extinct species, the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) and several fossil species, Dasyuridae, with 73 extant species, including quolls, dunnarts, and the Tasmanian devil, and the extinct fossil family Malleodectidae with one genus.
Pseudomonas azotoformans
Pseudomonas azotoformans is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects cereal grains—especially rice. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. azotoformans has been placed in the P. fluorescens group. The bateria's biofilm gives it a significant protection against organic peroxyacids.

Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.
CIL 4.5296
CIL 4.5296 (or CLE 950) is a poem found graffitied on the wall of a hallway in Pompeii.  Discovered in 1888, it is one of the longest and most elaborate surviving graffiti texts from the town, and may be the only known love poem from one woman to another from the Latin world.  The poem is nine verses long, breaking off in the middle of the ninth verse; a single line in a different hand is written underneath.  It is in the collection of the National Archaeological Museum, Naples.

Amores (Ovid)
Amores (Latin: Amōrēs, lit. 'The Loves') is Ovid's first completed book of poetry, written in elegiac couplets. It was first published in 16 BC in five books, but Ovid, by his own account, later edited it down into the three-book edition that survives today. The book follows the popular model of the erotic elegy, as made famous by figures such as Tibullus or Propertius, but is often subversive and humorous with these tropes, exaggerating common motifs and devices to the point of absurdity.

While several literary scholars have called the Amores a major contribution to Latin love elegy, they are not generally considered among Ovid's finest works and "are most often dealt with summarily in a prologue to a fuller discussion of one of the other works".
William Locke (general)
Major General William James Macavoy Locke, MC (14 August 1894 – 3 April 1962) was a senior officer in the Australian Army during the Second World War and the immediate post-war period.

A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Locke served in the First World War and spent much of the interwar period as a staff officer in Melbourne, Sydney and Tasmania. During the Second World War he commanded cavalry and armoured units at the brigade and division level, and was responsible for supervising the transition of many of Australia's mounted units to motorised and armoured formations. Locke finished his military career as Chairman of the Permanent Post-War Planning Committee (1944–1946).

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
17 Vulpeculae
17 Vulpeculae is a single, blue-white hued star in the northern constellation of Vulpecula. The distance to this star can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 6.8168±0.1430, which yields a separation of roughly 480 light years. It is moving nearer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −8 km/s, and will make its closest approach in around 6.1 million years at a distance of about 419 ly (128.36 pc). The star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.08.

This is an ordinary B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3 V. It is just 11 million years old with a high projected rotational velocity of 115 km/s. The star has an estimated 6.1 times the mass of the Sun and around 3.9 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating  573 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 15,648 K.

Vulpecula
Vulpecula (/vəlˈpɛkjʊlə/) is a faint constellation in the Northern Sky. Its name is Latin for "little fox", although it is commonly called simply the Fox. It was identified in the 17th century, and is located in the middle of the Summer Triangle (an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair).
Ian MacFarlane (footballer, born 1933)
Ian MacFarlane (26 January 1933 – 17 June 2019) was a Scottish football player and manager.

MacFarlane played for Aberdeen, Chelsea and Leicester City as a full back. At Bath City, he was managed, alongside Tony Book, by Malcolm Allison, who would go on to manage Manchester City.

MacFarlane managed Carlisle United from 1 January 1970 to 1 June 1972. Notable signings he made for Carlisle include John Gorman in September 1970 and Stanley Bowles in October 1971. He was caretaker manager of Sunderland from 18 October 1976 to 1 December 1976 for 7 games (2 wins, 1 draw, 4 losses. He was succeeded by Jimmy Adamson. He then managed Leicester City for 5 games in 1978 as caretaker manager, losing 4 and winning once. As an assistant manager, he won the Football League Cup with Manchester City.

MacFarlane died on 17 June 2019, at the age of 86.

Stan Bowles
Stanley Bowles (24 December 1948 – 24 February 2024) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. Known for his skills as a player in the 1970s and 1980s, he also gained a reputation as one of the game's great non-conformists and mavericks. He played 315 games for Queens Park Rangers, and earned five England caps.
Valentine Simmes
Valentine Simmes (fl. 1585 – 1622) was an English printer of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. He did business in London, "on Adling Hill near Bainard's Castle at the sign of the White Swan." Simmes has a reputation as one of the better printers of his generation, and was responsible for several quartos of Shakespeare's plays. [See: Early texts of Shakespeare's works.]

Nothing is known of Simmes's early life or personal history. He was active as a printer starting in 1585.

Thomas Dekker (writer)
Thomas Dekker (c. 1572 – 25 August 1632) was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile and prolific writer, whose career spanned several decades and brought him into contact with many of the period's most famous dramatists.
Ptomaphagus
Ptomaphagus is a genus of small carrion beetles in the family Leiodidae. There are at least 50 described species in Ptomaphagus.

ITIS Taxonomic note:

Although Ptomaphagus is sometimes attributed to Illiger 1798, Bouchard et al. (2011:173) attribute it to Hellwig 1795.

Leiodidae
Leiodidae is a family of beetles with around 3800 described species found worldwide. Members of this family are commonly called round fungus beetles due to the globular shape of many species, although some are more elongated in shape. They are generally small or very small beetles (less than 10 mm in length) and many (but not all) species have clubbed antennae.

Members of the family are generally detritivorous or scavengers feeding on carrion or decaying organic matter like dung, or are specialised on feeding on specific types of fungus. Many species have reduced wings, with about half of all described species being flightless.

The oldest fossil of the family is Mesagyrtoides from Shar-Teg, Mongolia, dating the Late Jurassic (Tithonian). Members of modern subfamilies appear during the Cretaceous, with Cretaceous members of the family being primarily known from Burmese amber.
Hammer Bottom
Hammer Bottom or Hammer Vale is a hamlet in the civil parish of Bramshott and Liphook, in the East Hampshire district in the county of Hampshire, England. Hammer Bottom lies at the meeting point of the counties of Hampshire, West Sussex and Surrey. Nearby settlements include the town of Haslemere, the villages of Liphook, Bramshott, Linchmere (sometimes also spelt Lynchmere), Shottermill, Camelsdale, Critchmere, Hammer and Woolmer Hill. For transport there is the B2131 road which the hamlet is nearly on and the A3 road, the A287 road, the A286 road nearby. The nearest railway station is Haslemere railway station. It once had a beer house called the Sussex Bell. The Prince of Wales pub dates from the 1920s, and was listed in the 50th edition of the Good Beer Guide.

Bramshott
Bramshott is a village and parish with mediaeval origins in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It lies 0.9 miles (1.4 km) north of Liphook, and with Liphook forms the civil parish of Bramshott and Liphook.

The nearest railway station, Liphook, is 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south of the village.
Domain-to-range ratio
The domain-to-range ratio (DRR) is a ratio which describes how the number of outputs corresponds to the number of inputs of a given logical function or software component. The domain-to-range ratio is a mathematical ratio of cardinality between the set of the function's possible inputs (the domain) and the set of possible outputs (the range). For a function defined on a domain, , and a range, , the domain-to-range ratio is given as:It can be used to measure the risk of missing potential errors when testing the range of outputs alone.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
2011 Aegon Trophy
The 2011 Aegon Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Nottingham, Great Britain between May 28 and June 5, 2011.

Nottingham Trophy (tennis)
The Nottingham Trophy (formerly known as the Aegon Trophy) was an annual tennis tournament played in Nottingham, England. The tournament was part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the International Tennis Federation (ITF Women's Circuit) as a $75,000 event. The tournament's key sponsor was Dutch insurance firm Aegon. The tournament was held at the end of May before the main tour's grass-court season starts.

In 2021, an ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Women's World Tennis Tour event was held in Nottingham, under the name Nottingham Trophy. This event was supposed to be held as the Ilkley Trophy, but moved to Nottingham due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
J. Clarence Kind House
The J. Clarence Kind House, at 751 Marsh Ave. in Reno, Nevada, United States, is an historic Tudor Revival-style house that was built in 1934.  Also known as the William Forman Home, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2005.

It is a large, 3,700-square-foot (340 m2) house. According to its NRHP nomination, it was deemed significant "for its role in Reno's community planning and development history" and "as an excellent local example of the Tudor/Cotswold Cottage style of architecture, within the broader category of Period Revival, and as representing the work of two local master architects, Russell Mills and Edward Parsons."

Cotswold architecture
The Cotswold style of architecture is a style based on houses from the Cotswolds region of England. Cotswold houses often have a prominent chimney, often near the front door of the house. Other notable features include king mullions and steep roofs. The Cotswold style uses local materials based on geology. This style is renowned for the use of local oolitic limestone.

The Cotswold style emerged during the late 16th century and flourished throughout the 17th century.: 6  During the second and third decades of the twentieth century, the Cotswold style reached its zenith of popularity. The Cotswold 'Arts and Crafts' architecture was a very popular and prominent style between 1890 and 1930. The county of Gloucestershire in the Cotswolds became the focal point of the 'Arts and Crafts' architecture.

Cotswold architecture is a subtype of the Tudor Revival house style, and it likely came to the United States as a result of renewed interest in medieval housing styles.