hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conductor of an elliptic curve
In mathematics, the conductor of an elliptic curve over the field of rational numbers (or more generally a local or global field) is an integral ideal, which is analogous to the Artin conductor of a Galois representation. It is given as a product of prime ideals, together with associated exponents, which encode the ramification in the field extensions generated by the points of finite order in the group law of the elliptic curve.  The primes involved in the conductor are precisely the primes of bad reduction of the curve: this is the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion.

Ogg's formula expresses the conductor in terms of the discriminant and the number of components of the special fiber over a local field, which can be computed using Tate's algorithm.

Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion
In mathematics, the Néron–Ogg–Shafarevich criterion states that if A is an elliptic curve or abelian variety  over a local field K and ℓ is a prime  not dividing the characteristic of the residue field of K then A has good reduction if and only if the ℓ-adic Tate module Tℓ of A is unramified. Andrew Ogg (1967) introduced the criterion for elliptic curves. Serre and  Tate (1968) used the results of André Néron (1964) to extend it to abelian varieties,
and named the criterion after Ogg, Néron and Igor Shafarevich (commenting that Ogg's result seems to have been known to Shafarevich).
Bajro Gegić
Bajro Gegić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајро Гегић; born 15 December 1954) is a Serbian politician from the country's Bosniak community. He has been the mayor of Tutin on two occasions and has served two terms in the National Assembly of Serbia. A member of the Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak (SDA) for many years, he left the party in 2020 to form his own local political group.

Bosniaks in Serbia
Bosniaks are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Bosniaks in Serbia is 153,801, constituting 2.3% of the total population, thus being the third-largest ethnic group in the country, after Serbs and Hungarians (the largest ethnic minority in Serbia). The vast majority of Bosniaks live in the southwestern part of the country, bordering Montenegro and Kosovo, in the region historically known as Sandžak, and are therefore colloquially referred to as Sandžaklije. Before the 1990s, the majority of the Bosniaks in Serbia self-identified as ethnic Muslims.

Bosniaks make up the basis of the Muslim community in Serbia; some 55% of all Muslims in Serbia are ethnic Bosniaks, while the rest are ethnic Albanians and Romani people.
Fallsview Tourist Area
The Fallsview Tourist Area in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada is one of the main tourist areas surrounding the Falls.

The neighborhood is centered around Fallsview Boulevard.  It is directly south of the Clifton Hill neighborhood, and is roughly bounded to the north by Market Street, to the east by the beginning of the slope down to the Niagara Gorge, on the south by Marineland Parkway, and to the west by railroad tracks.

In recent years, it has become the home many of the hotels in the city, such as: the Niagara Falls Hilton, Niagara Falls Marriott Gateway, and the recently opened Comfort Inn Fallsview. Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort is also located near the centre of this area. It is also the location of the Skylon Tower and Minolta Tower.

The area is linked to the Table Rock Center and Journey Behind the Falls, on the Niagara Parkway just above the falls, by the Falls Incline Railway.

Journey Behind the Falls
43°04′45″N 79°04′42″W﻿ / ﻿43.079154°N 79.078442°W﻿ / 43.079154; -79.078442

Journey Behind the Falls (known until the early 1990s as the Scenic Tunnels) is an attraction in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada located in the Table Rock Centre beside the Canadian Horseshoe Falls. It is open year round and run by the Niagara Parks Commission.
Glass noodles
Glass noodles, or fensi (traditional Chinese: 粉絲; simplified Chinese: 粉丝; pinyin: fěnsī; lit. 'flour thread'), sometimes called cellophane noodles, are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch) and water. They originated in China. A stabilizer such as chitosan or alum (illegal in some jurisdictions) may also be used.

They are generally sold in dried form, soaked to reconstitute, then used in soups, stir-fried dishes, or spring rolls. They are called "glass noodles" because of their glass-like transparency when cooked.
Glass noodles are not the same as rice vermicelli, which is made from rice and white in color rather than clear (after cooking in water).

Hot pot
Hot pot (traditional Chinese: 火鍋; simplified Chinese: 火锅; pinyin: huǒguō; lit. 'fire pot') or hotpot, also known as steamboat, is a dish of soup or stock kept simmering in a pot by a heat source on the table, accompanied by an array of raw meats, vegetables and soy-based foods which diners quickly cook by dipping in the broth.
Julia Adams (sociologist)
Julia Potter Adams (born July 11, 1957) is an American sociologist who works in the area of comparative and historical sociology. Julia Adams is a professor of Sociology. She conducts research in the areas of state building, gender and family, social theory and knowledge, early modern European politics, and Colonialism and empire. Her current research focuses on the historical sociology of agency relations and modernity, gender, race, and the representation of academic knowledge on Wikipedia and on other digital platforms. Adams is Professor of Sociology and International & Area Studies and Head of Grace Hopper College, Yale. She also co-directs YaleCHESS (Center for Historical Enquiry and the Social Sciences) and is on the Board of Reed College.

Hannah Brückner
Hannah Brückner (born in 1958) is a sociologist known for her contributions to several interdisciplinary fields, including life course studies, adolescent health, inequality, health, gender, and sexuality. She is an emeritus professor of Social Research and Public Policy at NYU Abu Dhabi.

Prior to her tenure at NYU Abu Dhabi, Brückner was a professor of sociology at Yale University.
Prunus jamasakura
Prunus jamasakura, the Japanese mountain cherry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae that is said to be endemic to Japan. However, it is also said to be native to Korea, and to China.

Gen-ichi Koidzumi
Gen-ichi Koidzumi (小泉 源一, Koizumi Gen'ichi; 1 November 1883 – 21 December 1953) was a Japanese botanist, author of several papers and monographs on phytogeography including work on roses and Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae), maples (Aceraceae), mulberries (the genus Morus), and many other plants. His name is sometimes transliterated as Gen’ichi or Gen-Iti, or as Koizumi.
Apollo Conference
The Apollo Conference is a high school athletic conference represented by 6 schools in the central portion of Illinois. It is a member of the Illinois High School Association.

The conference offers championships for girls in basketball, cross country, golf, softball, tennis, track & field, and volleyball. In boys' sports, the Apollo offers championships in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, tennis, track & field, and wrestling.

Cahokia Conference
The Cahokia Conference is a high school athletic and competitive activity organization which currently consists of 18 schools in southwestern Illinois. All of the schools are located in Clinton, Madison, Marion, Monroe, Randolph, St. Clair, and Washington counties. The conference began in 1928.
Seryoga
Sergey Vasilyevich Parkhomenko (Russian: Сергей Васильевич Пархоменко, Belarusian: Сяргей Васільевіч Пархоменка, romanized: Syarhyey Vasilyevich Parkhomyenka; born October 8, 1976), known professionally as Seryoga (Russian: Серёга), is a Belarusian rapper and the owner of the KingRing record label.

Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Владимир Вольфович Жириновский, IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ˈvolʲfəvʲɪtɕ ʐɨrʲɪˈnofskʲɪj], né Eidelstein, Russian: Эйдельштейн; 25 April 1946 – 6 April 2022) was a Russian right-wing populist politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) from its creation in 1992 until his death in 2022.

Zhirinovsky served as a deputy chairman of the State Duma from 1993 to 2000 and from 2011 until 2022.  He also worked as a delegate in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1996 to 2008. During his lifetime, Zhirinovsky ran in every single Russian presidential election except for the 2004 election.

Zhirinovsky was known for many controversies, as well as staunch advocacy for Russian military action against NATO.
Jermaine Dupri production discography
The following list is a discography of production by Jermaine Dupri, an American record producer and recording artist. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, album, artist and title.

Nice & Slow
"Nice & Slow" is a song from American singer Usher's second album, My Way (1997). Released on January 6, 1998 by LaFace and Arista, the song became Usher's first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1998. The song was written by Usher, Brian Casey of the R&B group Jagged Edge, Manuel Seal, and Jermaine Dupri.
1999 BMW Open
The 1999 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay courts in Munich, Germany that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the eighty-third edition of the tournament and was held from 26 April until 3 May 1999. Unseeded Franco Squillari won the singles title.

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
The Bavarian International Tennis Championships (German: Internationale Tennis-Meisterschaften von Bayern), known since 1990 by its sponsored name BMW Open, is a men's tennis tournament held at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, Germany. The tournament is played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour calendar. In 2025, it was upgraded to an ATP 500 level event.
Founded in 1899 as a combined men's and women's event, it is also known as the  Bavarian Open.
Maktab al-Nasser prison
Maktab al-Nasser prison is a prison in the Abu Salim district of Tripoli, Libya.  Prior to the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's government in the 2011 Libyan civil war, it served as a prison and office of the internal security agency.  Many of the prisoners held there would often be later transferred to Abu Salim prison.

Abu Salim prison
Abu Salim prison (Arabic: سجن أبو سليم, romanized: Sijn Abū Salīm) is a maximum security prison in Tripoli, Libya. The prison was notorious during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi for alleged mistreatment and human rights abuses, including a massacre in 1996 in which Human Rights Watch estimated that 1,270 prisoners were killed.

In 2011, when the National Transitional Council invited investigators from CNN and other organizations, it found only what appeared to be animal bones at that site and announced further investigations.
272nd Volksgrenadier Division
The 272nd Volksgrenadier Division, was a German Army Volksgrenadier division formed following the defeats of the Normandy Campaign in 1944. Composed of men taken from existing Heer (army) units and airmen and sailors retasked to infantry duties, the division fought on the retreating Western Front until it was largely encircled in the Ruhr Pocket in April 1945.

Volksgrenadier
Volksgrenadier, also spelt Volks-Grenadier, was the name given to a type of German Army division formed in the autumn of 1944 after the double loss of Army Group Centre to the Soviets in Operation Bagration and the Fifth Panzer Army to the Western Allies in Normandy. The name itself was intended to build morale, appealing at once to nationalism (Volk) and Germany's older military traditions (Grenadier). Germany formed 78 VGDs during the war. Volksgrenadier divisions were professional military formations with standardized weapons and equipment, unlike the unrelated Volkssturm militia.
Center for Hmong Arts and Talent
The Center for Hmong Arts and Talent (CHAT) is an arts advocacy group based in Saint Paul, Minnesota's Frogtown neighborhood. Since its inception in 1998, CHAT has transformed into a social justice arts organization that engages with local and national Hmong communities. In addition to providing diverse arts-based programs, CHAT uses innovative strategies to address social issues affecting Hmong Americans.

Frogtown, Saint Paul, Minnesota
Frogtown is a neighborhood in Saint Paul in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Built around University Avenue, the Thomas-Dale neighborhood is colloquially known as Frogtown (German: Froschberg, meaning "Frogmountain"). Historically, Frogtown was a subsection of the current Thomas-Dale neighborhood. Thomas-Dale is bordered by University Avenue on the south, the Burlington Northern Railroad tracks to the north, Lexington Parkway on the west and Rice Street on the east.
Undercarriage
Undercarriage is the part of a moving vehicle that is underneath the main body of the vehicle. The term originally applied to this part of a horse-drawn carriage, and usage has since broadened to include:

The landing gear of an aircraft.

The chassis of an automobile.

The tractor treads of a tractor or tank.

The underframe of a locomotive

The undercarriage assembly of a train car or locomotive, known as a bogie, incorporating the train wheel sets, suspension, brakes and, in powered units, the traction motors

Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork.  The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind. The frame may in turn be supported by axles directly attached to it, or it may be mounted on bogies (known as trucks in American English), or a combination of the two.  The bogies in turn will have frames of their own.
Gromadzice, Łódź Voivodeship
Gromadzice [ɡrɔmaˈd͡ʑit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnożyły, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Czarnożyły, 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 81 km (50 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Czarnożyły
Czarnożyły [t͡ʂarnɔˈʐɨwɨ] is a village in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czarnożyły. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Wieluń and 84 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 1,300.
Luckeus
Luckeus is an extinct genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish. Luckeus belonged to the order Onychodontida. It lived during the Early Devonian to Middle Devonian period (Emsian to Eifelian ages) in what is now central Australia.

Onychodontiformes
Onychodontiformes (also known as Onychodontida and Struniiformes) is an order of prehistoric sarcopterygian fish that lived during the Devonian period. The onychodontiforms are generally regarded as early-diverging members of the coelacanth lineage.
Inez Brown Burns
Inez Brown Burns (1886-1976) was an underground abortion provider and socialite in San Francisco. She created an extensive West Coast abortion network in the United States, which catered to a range of clients in the early 20th century. It is estimated that her clinic provided about 50,000 abortions in San Francisco and about 150,000 abortions total. In her lifetime, Burns was widely covered in the press, due to her socially unconventional lifestyle, legal troubles, and occupation as an abortion provider in the pre-Roe v. Wade era.

Abortion clinic
An abortion clinic or abortion provider is a medical facility that provides abortions. Such clinics may be public medical centers, private medical practices or nonprofit organizations such as Planned Parenthood.
Whistling Straits
Whistling Straits is one of two 36-hole links-style golf courses associated with Destination Kohler, a luxury golf resort owned and operated by the Kohler Company in Kohler, Wisconsin. The other course is Blackwolf Run, located in the Village of Kohler. The Whistling Straits complex is located north of Sheboygan, in the unincorporated community of Haven in the Town of Mosel in Sheboygan County. Whistling Straits is separated into two courses, the Straits Course and the Irish Course.

The courses at Whistling Straits (and Blackwolf Run) were designed by Pete and Alice Dye.

Kohler, Wisconsin
Kohler is a village in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Sheboygan River. The population was 2,195 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Sheboygan metropolitan statistical area.
Biltmore–Oteen Bank Building
Biltmore–Oteen Bank Building is a historic bank building located at Biltmore Village, Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina.  It was built between 1925 and 1930, and is a two-story, brick building with Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival design details.  It is a thin, wedge-shaped building featuring concrete detail and Doric order type pilasters.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Biltmore Village
Biltmore Village, formerly  Best, is a small village that is now entirely in the city limits of Asheville, North Carolina. It is adjacent to the main entrance of the Biltmore Estate, built by George W. Vanderbilt, one of the heirs to the Vanderbilt family fortune. Once known as the town of Best, Vanderbilt created this village as a "company town" for the estate workers. The community was planned and designed to reflect the qualities of an English country village. The village had its own church, which is still in operation today as the Cathedral of All Souls, an Episcopal cathedral. The village also had a hospital, shops, a school, a train station, and other services available.

Biltmore Village was incorporated into the City of Asheville in the early 20th century. Biltmore Village is now a commercial district that has an eclectic collection of shops, restaurants, and other businesses. The village has been home to the main office of monthly news magazine World since 2011.
United States at the Summer Olympics
The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Summer Olympic Games with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Large-scale structure of the universe
The large-scale structure of the universe is the term in cosmology for the character of matter distribution at the scale of the entire observable universe.
Sky surveys and mappings of the various wavelength bands of electromagnetic radiation (in particular 21-cm emission) have yielded much information on the content and character of the universe's structure. The organization of structure appears to follow a hierarchical model with organization up to the scale of superclusters and filaments. Larger than this (at scales between 30 and 200 megaparsecs), there seems to be no continued structure, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the End of Greatness. The shape of the large scale structure can be summarized by the matter power spectrum.

Large quasar group
A large quasar group (LQG) is a collection of quasars (a form of supermassive black hole active galactic nuclei) that form what are thought to constitute the largest astronomical structures in the observable universe.  LQGs are thought to be precursors to the sheets, walls and filaments of galaxies found in the relatively nearby universe.
Brampton Steelheads
The Brampton Steelheads are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), based in Brampton, Ontario. The Steelheads play their home games at the CAA Centre in Brampton. The team relocated from nearby Mississauga in 2024. As the Mississauga Steelheads, the team previously won the Emms Trophy as regular season champions of the Central division and the Bobby Orr Trophy as playoffs champions of the Eastern conference during the 2016–17 OHL season.

Toronto St. Michael's Majors
The Toronto St. Michael's Majors were a Canadian major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League, based in Toronto, Ontario. The most recent franchise was revived on August 15, 1996. In 2007, the team relocated to Mississauga, Ontario and became the Mississauga St. Michael's Majors until 2012. The hockey program was founded and operated by St. Michael's College School in 1906, and adopted the name "Majors" in 1934, and was commonly referred to as St. Mike's Majors.
Arthur J. Lohwater
Arthur John "Jack" Lohwater (October 20, 1922 - June 10, 1982)  was an American mathematician.

He obtained a Ph.D. in mathematics at University of Rochester (1951), on the dissertation The Boundary Values of a Class of Analytic Functions, advised by Wladimir Seidel. Later he joined the faculty at University of Michigan and Case Western Reserve University. He was editor of Mathematical Reviews (1962–65). With Norman Steenrod and Sydney Gould he established important ties with Russian mathematicians, beginning with conferences in Moscow (1956, 58) and
resulting in a dictionary. Lohwater died of lung cancer in 1982, after a lengthy illness. He was married to the mathematician Marjorie White Lohwater (1925–2007).

Annales Fennici Mathematici
Annales Fennici Mathematici (formerly Annales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicæ Mathematica and Annales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicæ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters since 1941. Its founder and editor until 1974 was Pekka Myrberg. It is currently edited by Olli Martio. It publishes research papers in all domains of mathematics, with particular emphasis on analysis. The journal acquired its current name in 2021.