hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017–18 Rock Cup
The 2017–18 Rock Cup was a single-leg knockout tournament played by clubs from Gibraltar. This season's version of the Rock Cup was sponsored by Gibtelecom, and is known as the Gibtelecom Rock Cup for sponsorship purposes. This season's edition was held throughout the season for the first time since 2011–12.

The winner of this competition, Europa, qualified for the 2018–19 Europa League. As they had also qualified for European competition via the 2017–18 Gibraltar Premier Division, the third place team in the league will take the spot in the Europa League.

2017–18 Gibraltar Premier Division
The 2017–18 Gibraltar Premier Division was the 119th season of the top-tier national football league in Gibraltar, as well as the fifth season since the Gibraltar Football Association joined UEFA in 2013. The league was contested by ten clubs. It began on 26 September 2017 and ended on 3 June 2018.

Europa were the defending champions, having ended a fourteen-year winning streak for Lincoln Red Imps. This season also saw three clubs from Gibraltar competing in European competition for the first time. Lincoln won their 23rd title on 19 May 2018 with two games to spare, after a 7–1 victory over Lions Gibraltar.
2022 Vancouver International Film Festival
The 2022 Vancouver International Film Festival, the 41st event in the history of the Vancouver International Film Festival, was held from September 29 to October 9, 2022. The festival opened with the Marie Clements film Bones of Crows, and closed with Hirokazu Kore-eda's film Broker.

The festival scheduled 135 feature films and 102 short films overall. All films were screened in-person, although a selection of films was also available throughout British Columbia on the online VIFF Connects platform.

The most noted change at the 2022 festival is the introduction of Vanguard, a competitive program for films by emerging directors. The festival will present a $5,000 award to the film selected as the best film in that program. Some of the festival's programs have also been renamed from past years, including the Canadian film program being renamed from True North to Northern Lights and the Music/Art/Design (M/A/D) program for documentary films about the arts being renamed to Portraits.

Vancouver International Film Festival
The Vancouver International Film Festival (VIFF) is an annual film festival held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, for two weeks in late September and early October.

The festival is operated by the Greater Vancouver International Film Festival Society, a provincially-registered non-profit and federally-registered charitable organization, which also runs the year-round programming of the Vancity Theatre and Lochmaddy Studio Theatre at the VIFF Centre.

Both in terms of admissions and number of films screened (133,000 and 324 respectively in 2016), VIFF is among the five largest film festivals in North America. The festival screens films annually from approximately 73 countries on 10 screens.

The festival has three main programming platforms: East Asian film, Canadian film, and nonfiction films. Besides films from around the world, VIFF also includes talks, workshops, performances, and other special events related to cinema.
Cyperus babakan
Cyperus babakan is a species of sedge that is native to Asia, extending from south eastern parts of Tibet through to Papua New Guinea.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in 1854.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Askellia elegans
Askellia elegans, the elegant hawksbeard, is a species of North American plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to central and western Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario) and the northwestern United States (Alaska, Montana, Wyoming).

Askellia elegans is a perennial up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, with a deep taproot and large underground caudex. Stems are sometimes erect, but sometimes trailing along the ground. One plant can have more than 100 small flower heads, each with 6-10 yellow ray florets but no disc florets.

Cichorieae
The Cichorieae (also called Lactuceae) are a tribe in the plant family Asteraceae that includes 93 genera, more than 1,600 sexually reproductive species and more than 7,000 apomictic species. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Cichorieae all have milky latex and flowerheads that only contain one type of floret. The genera Gundelia and Warionia only have disk florets, while all other genera only have ligulate florets. The genera that contain most species are Taraxacum (Crepidinae subtribe) with about 1,600 apomictic species, Hieracium with about 770 sexually reproducing and 5,200 apomictic species, and Pilosella with 110 sexually reproducing and 700 apomictic species (both Hieraciinae). Well-known members include lettuce, chicory, dandelion, and salsify.
Unitary transformation
In mathematics, a unitary transformation is a linear isomorphism that preserves the inner product: the inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to their inner product after the transformation.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps
The Cosmonaut Corps (Russian: Отряд космонавтов) is a unit of the Russia's Roscosmos state corporation that selects, trains, and provides cosmonauts as crew members for the Russian Federation and international space missions. It is part of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, based at Star City in Moscow Oblast, Russia.

Soyuz 27
Soyuz 27 (Russian: Союз 27, Union 27) was a 1978 Soviet crewed spacecraft which flew to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station, during the mission EP-1. It was the third crewed flight to the station, the second successful docking and the first visitation mission. Once docked, it marked the first time that three spacecraft were docked together.

The main function of the EP-1 mission was to swap Soyuz craft with the orbiting crew, in so doing freeing a docking port for a forthcoming supply tanker. Cosmonauts Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Oleg Makarov returned to Earth in the Soyuz 26 spacecraft after spending five days on the station. The descent module is displayed at the Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics in Zhytomyr, Ukraine.
Bøfsandwich
A Bøfsandwich (lit. 'steak sandwich'), is the classic Danish version of a hamburger. It contains the hamburger elements of a cooked ground beef patty placed inside a sliced bread roll.

Bøfsandwiches are typically sold from hot dog stands and in traditional fast food establishments, and have been described as an "archetypal Danish snackbar classic". Some traditional Danish restaurants have also started serving gourmet versions, with the addition of e.g. soft grilled onions.

Fans of the bøfsandwich maintain a Facebook page which announces "Denmark's best bøfsandwich" each year.

Pickled cucumber
A pickled cucumber – commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada and a gherkin (/ˈɡɜːrkɪn/ GUR-kin) in Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand – is a usually small or miniature cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment. The fermentation process is executed either by immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. Pickled cucumbers are often part of mixed pickles.
NGC 2748
NGC 2748 is a spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Camelopardalis, located at a distance of 61.3 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered September 2, 1828 by British astronomer John Herschel.

Camelopardalis
Camelopardalis is a large but faint constellation of the northern sky representing a giraffe. The constellation was introduced in 1612 or 1613 by Petrus Plancius. Some older astronomy books give Camelopardalus or Camelopardus as alternative forms of the name, but the version recognized by the International Astronomical Union matches the genitive form, seen suffixed to most of its brighter stars.
Yxskaftkälen
Yxskaftkälen is a village of Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The name origins from the wood which was suitable for making handles to an axe. The village was founded in 1758. The population is 77 (2023).

Village website

Jämtland County
Jämtland County (Swedish: Jämtlands län, Southern Sami: Jiemthen leene) is a county or län in Sweden. It consists of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, along with minor parts of Hälsingland and Ångermanland, plus two small strips of Lapland and Dalarna. It borders the counties of Dalarna, Gävleborg, Västernorrland, and Västerbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Trøndelag. It measures 49,443 km2 (19,090 sq mi) and constitutes 12% of Sweden's total area, making it the country's third largest county. The capital is Östersund. The county governor and leader of the administrative board, as appointed by the Swedish government, has been Marita Ljung since 2021.

The county was established in 1810, at the time it consisted only of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, which is why the coat of arms is a shield parted per fess with their provincial arms. King Carl XVI Gustaf is occasionally referred to as Duke of Jämtland after his title of king.
NASCAR Busch Series at Nazareth Speedway
Stock car races in the now-NASCAR Xfinity Series were held at Nazareth Speedway in Nazareth, Pennsylvania between 1988 to 2004, after the owners, International Speedway Corporation, closed the facility. The race was replaced with a race (currently known as Mission 200 at The Glen) at Watkins Glen, another ISC-owned track.

The race was originally held for 300 laps, but shortened to 200 laps in 1991. Tim Fedewa and Ron Hornaday Jr. are the only two drivers with multiple wins in this race, both winning the event twice.

After the closure of the track, the Xfinity Series would return to racing in Pennsylvania when Pocono Raceway held its inaugural Xfinity Series event, the Pocono Green 250 in 2016. It was won by Kyle Larson after it was shortened by rain showers after just 53 of the scheduled 100 laps. Elliott Sadler was the only former Nazareth winner to start that race.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Watkins Glen
Stock car races in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series has been held at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York as a companion to the Cup race at the track since 1991. The 201.228 miles (323.845 km) race is currently known as Mission 200 at The Glen for sponsorship reasons. Connor Zilisch is the defending winner.
Malate Catholic School
Malate Catholic School (Filipino: Paaralang Katoliko ng Malate, abbreviated as MCS) is a private Catholic K to 12 school in Malate, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines established in 1917. It is accredited by PAASCU.

Religious of the Virgin Mary
The Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (Spanish: Religiosas de la Beata Virgen María, abbreviated RVM, is a Catholic centralized religious institute of consecrated life of Pontifical Right for women founded in Manila in 1684 by the Filipina Venerable Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo.

In 2016 there were over 700 RVM sisters, mainly from the Philippines. They run a university and 58 other schools and have works in seven countries outside the Philippines. From the start they cultivated an apostolic, Ignatian spirituality and have retreat houses along with their other diverse works.
Popești, Bihor
Popești (Hungarian: Papfalva, Slovak: Popešť) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. One of the largest communes in the county, it is composed of seven villages: Bistra (Sebesújfalu), Budoi (Bodonos), Cuzap (Középes), Popești, Varviz (Várvíz), Vărzari (Füves), and Voivozi (Almaszeg).

The commune is located in the northeastern part of Bihor County, 19 km (12 mi) south of Marghita, 33 km (21 mi) north of Aleșd, and 64 km (40 mi) from the county seat, Oradea. Popești lies in the hydrographic basin of the river Bistra, nestled between the northern branch of the Plopiș Mountains and the Derna foothills.

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
Gert Wörheide
Gert Wörheide is a German marine biologist who works mainly on marine invertebrates.  He earned his doctorate in geobiology from Georg-August-Universität, following this with a post-doctorate at Queensland Museum (1998-2002), where he worked with John Hooper on sponges, a collaboration which continues.

Following his postdoctorate in Queensland, Wörheide returned to Germany to become a junior professor in molecular geobiology at Georg-August-Universität (2002-2008), and in October 2008 was appointed Chair of Geobiology & Paleontology at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität  (University of Munich) (his current position), where he continues to work on evolution and genomics, and  all things pertaining to marine invertebrates. His most cited paper with 559 citations (at 2020-09-29) is "Resolving Difficult Phylogenetic Questions: Why More Sequences Are Not Enough".

John Hooper (marine biologist)
John N.A. Hooper is an Australian marine biologist and writer on science. He is the current Head of Biodiversity & Geosciences Programs at the Queensland Museum. His research has included studying the possible medical benefits of marine sponges, including beta blockers for heart disease, and for compounds to combat illnesses like gastro-intestinal disease and cancer. In 2007 he was a member of the Discussion Panel On Marine Genetic Resources for the eighth annual United Nations Informal Consultative Process for Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS).
Namsan cable car
37°33′24″N 126°58′54″E﻿ / ﻿37.5565908°N 126.9817857°E﻿ / 37.5565908; 126.9817857

The Namsan cable car (남산 케이블카; namsan keibeulka) is an aerial tramway in Seoul, South Korea. Built in 1962, it spans from the Hoehyeon-dong platform (near Myeong-dong) to the Yejang-dong platform near the top of the mountain Namsan and the N Seoul Tower. It is the first commercial cable car service for passengers in Korea.

The length of the cable is 605 metres (1,985 ft), and the altitude difference of 138 metres (453 ft) makes a gradient of 13°. The cabins move at a speed of 3.2 metres per second (10 ft/s); the transit between platforms takes about three minutes.

An elevator, opened in June 2009 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, operates from near the entrance of Namsan Tunnel Three up to the cable car station. It runs along the slope of Namsan with a capacity for 20 passengers to provide better access for the disabled and senior citizens.

Myeong-dong
Myeong-dong (Korean: 명동; lit. 'bright neighborhood') is a dong (neighborhood) in Jung District, Seoul, South Korea. It is between Chungmu-ro, Eulji-ro, and Namdaemun-ro.
Myeongdong is known for being one of Seoul's main shopping, parade route, and tourism districts. In 2023, it was listed as the ninth most expensive shopping street in the world. The area is known for its two historically significant sites, namely the Myeongdong Cathedral and the Myeongdong Theater. Performances at Myeongdong Nanta Theater are popular.

Myeongdong covers 0.99 km2 with a population of 3,409.
Grey Provincial Hospital
Grey Provincial Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in King William's Town, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, X-ray Services, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Qonce
Qonce, formerly King William's Town, is a town in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The town is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. It has a population of around 35,000 inhabitants and forms part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.

The town lies 389 m (1,276 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in an area known for its agriculture. The town has one of the oldest post offices in the country developed by missionaries led by Charles Brownlee.
020120
020120 is the first live album from The Mad Capsule Markets. It was recorded live on January 20, 2002 at Zepp Tokyo. The performance was the final performance of the 010 album tour. The music consists of material from the Osc-Dis and the 010 albums, and a higher tempo version of  Kami-Uta as an encore track. On the intro tape, the show opens with Crass' song Gotcha (who inspired the band in their earlier days). The UK version issued the live DVD alongside the CD with a slightly altered track listing from the Japanese version (there was no Kami Uta and Interview on the DVD) and it helped to establish an international audience.

010 (The Mad Capsule Markets album)
010 is the ninth studio album by Japanese band The Mad Capsule Markets. It was released in Japan in 2001 (published by Speedstar Records) and in the United Kingdom in 2003. The album was much more experimental than the band's previous two albums. It includes a cover of the song "Wardance" by Killing Joke.
Tag-along right
Tag along rights (TARs) comprise a group of clauses in a contract which together have the effect of allowing the minority shareholder(s) in a corporation to also take part in a sale of shares by the majority shareholder to a third party under the same terms and conditions.

Consider an example: A and B are both shareholders in a company, with A being the majority shareholder and B the minority shareholder. C, a third party, offers to buy A's shares at an attractive price, and A accepts. In this situation, tag-along rights would allow B to also participate in the sale under the same terms and conditions as A.

As with other contractual provisions, tag-along rights originated from the doctrine of freedom of contract and is governed by contract law (in common law countries) or the law of obligations (in civil law countries). As tag-along rights are contractual terms between private parties, they are often found in venture capital and private equity firms but not public companies.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Dorot
Dorot (Hebrew: דּוֹרוֹת, lit. 'Generations') is a kibbutz in the Negev Desert in southern Israel. Located on Route 334 near Sderot, it falls under the municipal jurisdiction of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 885.

Sderot
Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023, it had a population of 35,477.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

In 2024, Sderot was chosen to serve as a model for Israeli cities in the implementation of urban forestry ideas.
Piz Gren
Piz Gren (German: Schwarzhorn) is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located between Tenigerbad and Lumbrein in the canton of Graubünden. Its summit (2,890 metres (9,480 ft)) lies near the tripoint between Val Sumvitg, Val Gronda, and Val Miedra.

Lepontine Alps
The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes lépontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).

The Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola), the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.

The eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Splügen Pass, is named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.
Nafs
Nafs (نَفْس) is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul". The term is cognate with the Hebrew word nephesh, נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word nafs is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a nafs, they are individually responsible for exercising the agencies of the "free will" that it provides them.

Much of the popular literature on nafs, however, is focused on the Sufi conceptions of the term located within the sadr (the chest). According to the Sufi philosophies, the nafs in its unrefined state is "the ego", which they consider to be the lowest dimension of a person's inward existence—his animal and satanic nature. Nafs is an important concept in the Islamic tradition, especially within Sufism and the discipline of gnosis (irfan) in Shia Islam.

Philosophy of self
Philosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level. Many different ideas on what constitutes self have been proposed, including the self being an activity, the self being independent of the senses, the bundle theory of the self, the self as a narrative center of gravity, and the self as a linguistic or social construct rather than a physical entity. The self (or its non-existence) is also an important concept in Eastern philosophy, including Buddhist philosophy.