hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Nazir-Ali
Michael James Nazir-Ali (Urdu:  مائیکل نذیر علی; born 19 August 1949) is a Pakistani-born British Catholic priest and former Anglican bishop. He served as the 106th Bishop of Rochester from 1994 to 2009 and, before that, as Bishop of Raiwind in Pakistan. He is currently the director of the Oxford Centre for Training, Research, Advocacy and Dialogue.

In 2021, he was received into the Catholic Church and was ordained as a priest for the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham on 30 October 2021, one of several Anglican bishops who converted to Catholicism that year. In 2022, he was made a monsignor and Prelate of Honour of His Holiness to the Holy See. He is a dual citizen of Pakistan and Britain.

University of Greenwich
The University of Greenwich is a public university located in London and Kent, United Kingdom. Previous names include Woolwich Polytechnic and Thames Polytechnic.

The university's main campus is at the Old Royal Naval College, which along with its Avery Hill campus, is located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. Greenwich also has a campus in Medway, Kent, as part of a shared campus. The university's range of subjects includes architecture, business, computing, mathematics, education, engineering, humanities, maritime studies, natural sciences, pharmacy and social sciences.
Judy Garland Souvenir Album (1949)
Judy Garland Souvenir Album (also known as Judy Garland Third Souvenir Album) is the third compilation album by Judy Garland, released in 1949 by Decca Records.

According to the retrospective AllMusic review, Decca issued this album wanting to take advantage of the new LP format. Since by that time Garland's contract with the record label was moot, the album was made by taking the Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album from 1943, excluding two tracks – "For Me and My Gal" and "When You Wore a Tulip" – and instead adding two newer tracks – the two sides of the singer's 1945 single "This Heart of Mine" / "Love" – at the end.

Billboard gave the album a score of 65 out of 100, indicating a satisfactory reception. According to the magazine the album features a collection of eight songs, some of which were previously released as singles. However, the review notes a lack of enthusiasm and energy in Garland's vocal delivery, with certain phrases lacking drive and expressiveness.

Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album
Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album is the second compilation album by Judy Garland. It was released in 1943, by Decca Records. The album was made to celebrate Garland's first starring role in a film, For Me and My Gal, and the success of the title song which she performs with co-star Gene Kelly. Most of the songs are revivals of old standards.

David Rose, Garland's husband, conducted the orchestra on all tracks except "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart" and "Fascinating Rhythm" which were recorded on July 29, 1939, during a recording session in Hollywood, California. Victor Young conducted two of the tracks, with modified swing arrangements that enhanced the lively performances.
Andrey Kurbsky
Prince Andrey Mikhailovich Kurbsky (1528?–1583) was a Russian political figure, military leader, and political philosopher, known as an intimate friend and then a leading political opponent of the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible (r. 1533–1584). He defected to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania around 1564, in the midst of the Livonian War.

Kurbsky purported correspondence with tsar Ivan provides a unique source for the history of 16th-century Russia, although the attribution to Kurbsky of these letters and other works has been debated in scholarly circles since 1971.

Donald Ostrowski
Donald "Don" Gary Ostrowski (born 1945) is an American historian, and a lecturer in history at Harvard Extension School. He specialises in the political and social history Kievan Rus' and Muscovy (early modern Russia).
Mandritsara (district)
Mandritsara is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Befandriana-Avaratra in north, Maroantsetra in northeast, Mananara in east,  Soanierana Ivongo in southeast, Andilamena in south and Boriziny (Port-Bergé) in west. The area is 10,512 km2 (4,059 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 320,647 in 2020.

Boriziny-Vaovao (district)
Boriziny-Vaovao is a district of Sofia in Madagascar. The capital of Boriziny-Vaovao is the city of Boriziny, formerly called Port-Bergé. The Sofia River flows into the sea in this district. The district has an area of 7,088 km2 (2,737 sq mi), and the estimated population in 2020 was 248,906.
Baptism in early Christianity
Baptism has been part of Christianity from the start, as shown by the many mentions in the Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline epistles, the gospel according to St. Matthew, the first epistle of St. Peter, the longer ending of Mark and the Didache.

Louis Duchesne
Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne (French: [dyʃɛːn]; 13 September 1843 – 21 April 1922) was a French priest, philologist, teacher and a critical historian of Christianity and Roman Catholic liturgy and institutions.
Granado Espada
Granado Espada is a Korean fantasy MMORPG developed by E2C Co., Ltd. The game was released in February 2006 in South Korea, and English localizations were launched in the summer of 2007 in North America and Southeast Asia. Granado Espada won the 2006 Korean Presidential Award for Best Graphics and Game of the Year with features previously unseen in MMORPGs, such as the possibility to control multiple characters at once. Granado Espada features an art style based on the Baroque period of Europe, contrary to its genre's ubiquitous sword and sorcery aesthetics.

Non-player character
A non-player character  (NPC) is a character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster, or referee, rather than by another player. In video games, this usually means a computer-controlled character that has a predetermined set of behaviors that potentially will impact gameplay, but will not necessarily be the product of true artificial intelligence.
Sonim
Seong Son-im (born March 10, 1983), known mononymously as Sonim (ソニン, Sonin), is a Japanese-born Korean actress and singer associated with Amuse Inc. She debuted in 2000 as the lead singer of the pop duo EE Jump. In 2002, she debuted as a solo singer with "Curry Rice no Onna", which then led to the release of her debut album, Hana, in 2004.

In 2003, Sonim made her first acting appearance in the television drama High School Teacher, where she won Best Newcomer at the 36th The Television Drama Academy Award. Eventually, she left her idol music career to pursue theater.

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, book by Hugh Wheeler. It is based on the 1970 play Sweeney Todd by Christopher Bond. The character of Sweeney Todd first appeared in a Victorian penny dreadful titled The String of Pearls.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical. It has been revived in many productions and inspired a film adaptation. The original logo for the musical is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the sign replaced by a straight razor. There is also a woman wearing a blood-stained dress and holding a rolling pin next to the man.
Valērijs Žolnerovičs
Valērijs Žolnerovičs (born April 19, 1985 in Ventspils) is a Latvian Olympic athlete. He is the current holder of the Latvian record both in marathon and half marathon.

Trained by Dainis Lodiņš, Žolnerovičs finished the 3000m steeplechase at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing with a time of 8:37.65 (32nd overall). In 2010 he won the half marathon distance of Riga Marathon, finishing after 1:05:40 and beating the event record, set by Pavel Loskutov in 2008, by 12 seconds. At the 2011 Lisbon Half Marathon Žolnerovičs broke the Latvian record in half marathon, finishing after 1:04:43.

At the 2013 Frankfurt Marathon Žolnerovičs broke the Latvian record in marathon for the second time, finishing after 2:14:33.

Pavel Loskutov
Pavel Loskutov (born 2 December 1969 in Valka) is an Estonian former long-distance runner who specialized in marathon races. He has competed in the Olympic marathon race four times consecutively, from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics to the 2008 Beijing Games.
Rona (Kristiansand)
Rona is a neighborhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is a part of the Oddernes borough and the district of Søm. The neighbourhood is next to European route E18, and spans the Indre Rona strait between Drangsvatna lake and the Topdalsfjorden.  The neighborhood of Strømsdalen lies to the north and Strømme lies to the south. The closest school is Strømme Elementary school. All local bus lines goes through Rona.

Rona mall opened up in 2014 with some stores, a fitness center, and some apartments.

Topdalsfjorden
Topdalsfjorden or Tofdalsfjorden is a fjord in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway.  The 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) long fjord runs from the village of Ålefjær south to the city centre of Kristiansand.  The river Topdalselva empties into the fjord at the eastern side just south of the Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. The European route E18 highway crosses the fjord on the Varodd Bridge.
1970 LPGA Championship
The 1970 LPGA Championship was the 16th LPGA Championship, held June 11–15 at Pleasant Valley Country Club in Sutton, Massachusetts, southeast of Worcester.

In an 18-hole Monday playoff, Shirley Englehorn won her only major title, defeating 1967 champion Kathy Whitworth by four strokes. Englehorn bogeyed the second hole and parred the rest for a 74 (+1). Three years earlier Pleasant Valley, Whitworth had bested Englehorn by a stroke in 1967, after the pair had co-led after 54 holes. It was Englehorn's fourth consecutive victory during the 1970 season; defending champion Betsy Rawls tied for 26th, 21 strokes back.

This was the third LPGA Championship held at Pleasant Valley in four years, and the third of seven in an eight-year stretch.

Sutton, Massachusetts
Sutton, officially the Town of Sutton, is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 9,357 in the 2020 United States census. Located in the Blackstone Valley, the town was designated as a Preserve America community in 2004.
Egg tossing (behavior)
Egg tossing or egg destruction is a behavior observed in some species of birds where one individual removes an egg from the communal nest. This is related to infanticide, where parents kill their own or other's offspring. Egg tossing is observed in avian species, most commonly females, who are involved with cooperative breeding or brood parasitism. Among colonial non-co-nesting birds, egg-tossing is observed to be performed by an individual of the same species, and, in the case of brood parasites, this behavior is done by either the same or different species. The behavior of egg tossing offers its advantages and disadvantages to both the actor and recipient.

Common cuckoo
The cuckoo, common cuckoo, European cuckoo or Eurasian cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals.

This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. It is a brood parasite, which means it lays eggs in the nests of other bird species, particularly of dunnocks, meadow pipits, and reed warblers. Although its eggs are larger than those of its hosts, the eggs in each type of host nest resemble the host's eggs. The adult too is a mimic, in its case of the sparrowhawk; since that species is a predator, the mimicry gives the female time to lay her eggs without being attacked.
Campaign of Tlemcen (1557)
The Campaign of Tlemcen or Tlemcen campaign was a military operation led by the Saadians of Mohammed ash-Sheikh against Tlemcen in 1557, then under the domination of the Regency of Algiers, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Mohammed ash-Sheikh, who wanted to conquer Algeria, occupied the city but failed to seize the Mechouar Palace, which was defended by a garrison of 500 men under the command of Caïd Saffa.

Mohammed al-Shaykh
Mawlay Mohammed al-Shaykh al-Sharif al-Hassani (Arabic: محمد الشيخ الشريف الحسني), known as Mohammed al-Shaykh (Arabic: محمد الشيخ; b. c. 1490 – d. 23 October 1557), was the first sultan of the Saadian dynasty (1544–1557). He was particularly successful in expelling the Portuguese from most of their bases in present-day Morocco. He also eliminated the Wattasids and resisted the Ottomans.
Dominique Perrault
Dominique Perrault (born 9 April 1953 in Clermont-Ferrand) is a French architect and urban planner. He became world known for the design of the French National Library, distinguished with the Silver medal for town planning in 1992 and the Mies van der Rohe Prize in 1996. In 2010 he was awarded the gold medal by the French Academy of Architecture for all his work. He was named as the 2015 Praemium Imperiale Laureate for Architecture.

He received his Diploma in Architecture at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1978. He also holds a postgraduate diplomas in Town Planning from the Ecole supérieure des Ponts et Chaussée and History from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales.

He currently heads Dominique Perrault Architecture (DPA) in Paris.

Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (French: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ] ⓘ; often colloquially simply Boulogne, until 1924 officially Boulogne-sur-Seine, [bulɔɲ syʁ sɛn], lit. 'Boulogne-on-Seine') is a wealthy and prestigious commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France, located 8.2 km (5 mi) from the centre of Paris at Notre Dame. It is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and thus the seat of the larger arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt. It is also part of the Métropole du Grand Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt includes one island in the Seine: Île Seguin.

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest regions in the Parisian area and in France. Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.
Hoeffding's inequality
In probability theory, Hoeffding's inequality provides an upper bound on the probability that the sum of bounded independent random variables deviates from its expected value by more than a certain amount. Hoeffding's inequality was proven by Wassily Hoeffding in 1963.

Hoeffding's inequality is a special case of the Azuma–Hoeffding inequality and McDiarmid's inequality. It is similar to the Chernoff bound, but tends to be less sharp, in particular when the variance of the random variables is small. It is similar to, but incomparable with, one of Bernstein's inequalities.

McDiarmid's inequality
In probability theory and theoretical computer science, McDiarmid's inequality (named after Colin McDiarmid ) is a concentration inequality which bounds the deviation between the sampled value and the expected value of certain functions when they are evaluated on independent random variables. McDiarmid's inequality applies to functions that satisfy a bounded differences property, meaning that replacing a single argument to the function while leaving all other arguments unchanged cannot cause too large of a change in the value of the function.
Coondle, Western Australia
Coondle is a small acre farming estate in the Shire of Toodyay in Western Australia. It started as an estate developed under the provisions of the Agricultural Lands Purchase Act (1896) near what was then known as Newcastle (now Toodyay).

The estate was one of the first established under the provisions of the Agricultural Lands Purchase Act; originally Coondle was an immigrant grant where, to encourage development of the Swan River Colony, people were granted land based on the value of their investment in the colony.

Shire of Toodyay
The Shire of Toodyay is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, beyond the north-eastern limits of the Perth metropolitan area. The Shire covers an area of 1,694 square kilometres (654 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Toodyay.
Augie Pabst III
August Uihlein Pabst III is a former racing driver and current team owner of Pabst Racing. He is also the great-great grandson of Frederick Pabst, founder of the Pabst Brewing Company, and the great-great grandson of August Uihlein of Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company.

Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company was an American brewing company based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1849, it was once the largest producer of beer in the United States. Its namesake beer, Schlitz ( /ˈʃlɪts/), has been produced by Pabst Brewing Company since 1999. The Schlitz brand is owned by Blue Ribbon Partners of San Antonio, an investment platform led by American beer and beverage entrepreneur Eugene Kashper.

The company was founded by August Krug in 1849, but ownership passed to Joseph Schlitz in 1858 when he married Krug's widow. Schlitz first became the largest beer producer in the U.S. in 1902 and enjoyed that status at several points during the first half of the 20th century, exchanging the title with Anheuser-Busch multiple times during the 1950s. It was bought by Stroh Brewery Company in 1982 and subsequently sold along with the rest of Stroh's assets to Pabst Brewing Company in 1999.
Nes Municipality (Hedmark)
Nes is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 177-square-kilometre (68 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Ringsaker Municipality in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre was the village of Tingnes where Nes Church is located. The largest village in Nes was Stavsjø where the Stavsjø Church is located. The municipality included the Nes peninsula and the island of Helgøya which both are surrounded by the large lake Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 176.9-square-kilometre (68.3 sq mi) municipality was the 403rd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nes Municipality was the 206th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 4,195. The municipality's population density was 23.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (61/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Stavsjø
Stavsjø is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the Nes peninsula, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of the village of Tingnes and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of the town of Brumunddal. Stavsjø Church is located in the village.

The 0.36-square-kilometre (89-acre) village has a population (2024) of 273 and a population density of 758 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,960/sq mi).
Asseco
Asseco Poland S.A. is a Polish multinational software company which develops enterprise software primarily for the banking and finance industries. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Rzeszów, Poland, Asseco is one of the largest technology companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and a component of the WIG20 stock market index. The company operates in over 60 countries and employs approximately 33,700 people worldwide. Asseco is the largest software house in Central and Eastern Europe. As of early 2025, the shareholder structure underwent significant changes after Cyfrowy Polsat, previously the largest shareholder, sold the majority of its stake to the Dutch investment entity Yukon Niebieski Kapital B.V.

Polsat Box
Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. ([t͡sɨˈfrɔvɨ ˈpɔlsat]; English: Digital Polsat), trading as Polsat Box, is a Polish DTH satellite TV platform. It is the fifth-largest digital platform in Europe and the largest in Central and Eastern Europe. Polsat Box has 3.47 million subscribers and, along with its associated mobile network Plus, is one of the major brands of Grupa Polsat Plus, the trade name of the Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. corporate group.

Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. is, from April 2011, the owner of Polsat. The financing of the acquisition of Polsat in May 2011 was possible due to the issuing of shares and external sources. With Polsat, Cyfrowy was able to add a very important standing leg to its portfolio regarding TV production and broadcasting.
Nicolaas Nieuwoudt
Lieutenant-General Nicolaas Nieuwoudt MBChB SSA SD SM (1929–1989) was a South African military commander.  A medical doctor, he joined the South African Air Force's medical branch in 1960, after five years private practise.  He commanded the South African Medical Service, as Surgeon-General, from 1977 to 1988.  He also commanded the secretive South African chemical and biological weapons program, known as Project Coast from 1981 to 1988.

Project Coast
Project Coast was a top-secret chemical and biological weapons (CBW) programme instituted by the apartheid-era government of South Africa in the 1980s. Project Coast was the successor to a limited postwar CBW programme, which mainly produced the lethal agents CX powder and mustard gas, as well as non-lethal tear gas for riot control purposes. The programme was headed by the cardiologist Wouter Basson, who was also the personal physician of South African Prime Minister P. W. Botha.
Hypolipoproteinemia
Hypolipoproteinemia, hypolipidemia, or hypolipidaemia (British English) is a form of dyslipidemia that is defined by abnormally lowered levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. It occurs in genetic disorders (e.g. hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia), malnutrition, malabsorption, wasting disease, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and liver disease.

Hypobetalipoproteinemia
Hypobetalipoproteinemia is a disorder consisting of low levels of LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B, below the 5th percentile. The patient can have hypobetalipoproteinemia and simultaneously have high levels of HDL cholesterol.

Notably, in people who do not have the genetic disorder hypobetalipoproteinemia, a very low cholesterol level (less than 100 mg/dl) may be a marker for poor nutrition, wasting disease, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and liver disease. In 1997 a study showed that Japanese Centenarians had tenfold increase of hypobetalipoproteinemia compared with controls.
Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta
The presidency of Jomo Kenyatta began on 12 December 1964, when Jomo Kenyatta was named as the 1st president of Kenya, and ended on 22 August 1978 upon his death. Jomo Kenyatta, a KANU member, took office following the formation of the republic of Kenya after independence following his efforts during the fight for Independence. Four years later, in the 1969 elections, he was the sole candidate and was elected unopposed for a second term in office. In 1974, he was re-elected for a third term. Although the post of President of Kenya was due to be elected at the same time as the National Assembly, Jomo Kenyatta was the sole candidate and was automatically elected without a vote being held. He died on 22 August 1978 while still in office and was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi.

Pio Gama Pinto
Pio Gama Pinto (31 March 1927 – 24 February 1965) was a Kenyan journalist, politician and freedom fighter. He was a socialist leader who was key in Kenya's struggle for independence. He was assassinated in 1965, leading many to consider him independent Kenya's first political martyr.