hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 6308
NGC 6308 is a large intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Hercules. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 8797 ± 3 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 129.74 ± 9.08 Mpc (~423 million light-years). It was discovered by German astronomer Albert Marth on 6 June 1863.

NGC 6308 has been identified as field galaxy, i.e. it does not belong to a cluster or group.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 6308: SN 2023oyz (Type Ic, mag. 20.4214) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 9 August 2023.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Hinduism in Greece
The following article is about contemporary followers of Hinduism in Greece.  For information about the importance of Hinduism in Hellenistic Greece, see the article Indo-Greeks. For archeological evidence of Greek-born Hindus in the Hellenistic era, see Heliodorus pillar.

Hinduism in Greece has a small following, mostly among Hindu expatriates from India. On March 1, 2006, the Greek government passed a law allowing cremation. This law was welcomed by the Indian community in Athens. In 2012, there were about 20,000 Hindus in Greece.

Satyananda Saraswati
Satyananda Saraswati (25 December 1923 – 5 December 2009), was a Sanyasi, yoga teacher and yoga guru in both his native India and the West. He was a student of Sivananda Saraswati, the founder of the Divine Life Society, and founded the Bihar School of Yoga in 1964. He wrote over 80 books, including the popular 1969 manual Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha.
Gateshead, New South Wales
Gateshead is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,  12 kilometres (7 mi) from Newcastle's central business district on the eastern side of Lake Macquarie. It is part of the City of Lake Macquarie  East ward, and is home to a number of primary and high schools and a private hospital. Gateshead is named after Gateshead, a town in North East England.

City of Lake Macquarie
The City of Lake Macquarie is a local government area (LGA) in the Hunter Region in New South Wales, Australia. It was proclaimed a city on 7 September 1984.  It is adjacent to the city of Newcastle and is part of the Greater Newcastle area. The city is approximately 150 km (93 mi) north of Sydney. One of its major tourist attractions is its lake, also named Lake Macquarie.

The mayor of the city is Councillor Adam Shultz, a member of the Labor Party.

The Royal Australian Navy ship HMAS Tobruk was granted the Right of Freedom of Entry to the city on 9 August 1991.
Huahe Street station
Huahe Street (simplified Chinese: 华鹤街; traditional Chinese: 華鶴街) is a metro station of Line 3 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in Shangcheng district of Hangzhou. The station was opened on 21 February 2022.

Line 3 (Hangzhou Metro)
Line 3 of the Hangzhou Metro (simplified Chinese: 杭州地铁三号线; traditional Chinese: 杭州地鐵三號線; pinyin: Hángzhōu Dìtiě Sānhào Xiàn) is a metro line in Hangzhou. The line is 57.5 km long. It will run in a southwest-northeast direction between Wushanqiancun station in Yuhang District and Xingqiao station in Linping District in the east, passing through downtown Hangzhou and providing transfers with multiple other lines in the system. The line uses 6-car Class AH rolling stock, which is designed for exclusive use in Hangzhou Metro. The line is colored yellow on maps.
Jean-Théodore Cocteau
Jean-Théodore Cocteau (1798–1838) was a French herpetologist, who was associated with Duméril, Cuvier, and Bibron, and corresponded with other workers in zoology around the world. Cocteau published a volume on skinks, Etudes sur les Scincoïdes, and named a number of new taxa. Cocteau is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of giant skink, Chioninia coctei, which is now extinct.

Gabriel Bibron
Gabriel Bibron (20 October 1805 – 27 March 1848) was a French zoologist and herpetologist. He was born in Paris. The son of an employee of the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, he had a good foundation in natural history and was hired to collect vertebrates in Italy and Sicily. Under the direction of Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1778–1846), he took part in the Morea expedition to Peloponnese.

He classified numerous reptile species with André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), whom he had met in 1832. Duméril was interested mainly in the relations between genera, and he left to Bibron the task of describing the species. Working together they produced the Erpétologie Générale, a comprehensive account of the reptiles, published in ten volumes from 1834 to 1854. Also, Bibron assisted Duméril with teaching duties at the museum and was an instructor at a primary school in Paris.

Bibron contracted tuberculosis and retired in 1845 to Saint-Alban-les-Eaux, where he died aged 42.
La Pintada, Antioquia
La Pintada (Spanish pronunciation: [la pinˈtaða]); is a town and municipality in the southwest region of the  Antioquia Department of Colombia. It is located 79 miles from Medellín at an altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level. It borders the Fredonia and Santa Bárbara municipalities to the north. The Cauca River flows through the municipality.

Fredonia, Antioquia
Fredonia (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾeˈðonja]) is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It is part of the sub-region of Southwestern Antioquia. According to the 2018 census, the population comprises 18,790 people.
Lore Kutschera
Dr. Lore Kutschera (b. 14 September 1917, Villach, d. 16 October 2008, Klagenfurt) was an Austrian botanist, ecologist, phytosociologist, and educator known for her research of plant root systems and phytosociology in agricultural contexts.  In 1962 she received her doctorate at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, and later in life received several state awards form Klagenfurt for her scientific achievements.  In 1982, she founded the International Society of Root Research.

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.
Building at 73 Mansion Street
The building at 73 Mansion Street in Poughkeepsie, New York, United States, was first built around 1890 as a single-family residence. It is next to the city's post office and across from the offices of the Poughkeepsie Journal, at the corner with Balding Avenue.

It was built around 1890 by a local real estate attorney and has had many owners, and some other uses, since then. A prominent example of the Queen Anne architectural style in the city, it was left out of the neighboring historic district because the house was inconsistent with the Balding homes. Fifteen years later, in 1997, it was finally listed on the National Register of Historic Places in its own right, the only property in all of Dutchess County listed on the Register by its street address.

Poughkeepsie Journal Building
The Poughkeepsie Journal Building was the main office of that newspaper, in the city of Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. It is located at Civic Center Plaza, the north end of Market Street. The newspaper sold the building in 2009 to Page Park Associates and moved out in November 2022.

It was built of fieldstone in a Colonial Revival style in 1941. Architects in the Hudson Valley, and particularly Dutchess County, took inspiration from then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt's efforts to revive its use in the region, following the example of the early Dutch settlers of the area, who built many stone houses for themselves. In particular, the building complements the city's main post office nearby. In 1982 it qualified for addition to the National Register of Historic Places, but it was not listed due to an objection by the owner.
Istiqlol, Spitamen
Istiqlol (Tajik: Истиқлол, formerly: Oqteppa) is a village and jamoat in north-western Tajikistan. It is located in Spitamen District in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 18,015 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Afzal Rahman Khan
Afzal Akram Rahman Khan (Urdu: افضل رحمان خان; 1921–1983; popularly known as  Admiral A. R. Khan), HQA, HPk, HJ, was a Pakistan Navy admiral, politician, and the Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Navy, serving under President Ayub Khan from 1959 until 1966. He is noted for being the longest serving commander-in-chief of navy and was responsible for launching and introducing the submarine program in the navy.

Later, he served in Ayub Khan's administration simultaneously as Interior Minister and Defence Minister, until he resigned when General Yahya Khan, Army Commander-in-Chief, enforced martial law in 1969.

Commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy in 1938, Khan served in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 in non-combat operations. He earned notability and prestige when he commanded the Pakistan Navy against Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Defence (Urdu: وزارت دفاع, romanized: vizārat-e-difā', abbreviated as MoD) is a ministry of the federal Government of Pakistan, tasked in defending national interests and territorial integrity of Pakistan. The MoD oversees mission execution of its policies and supervises all agencies of the government directly related to the national security and the Pakistan Armed Forces.

The existence and functions of the ministry are statutorily defined in Part XII, Chapter II of the Constitution of Pakistan with Minister of Defence being its head who reports directly to Prime Minister of Pakistan.

The responsibilities for procurement, production and disposal of equipment were transferred in 2004 to the Ministry of Defence Production. The Ministry of Defence is one of the largest federal ministries of the Government of Pakistan in terms of budget as well as staff.
Celsius (crater)
Celsius is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged terrain in the southern hemisphere on the Moon's near side. It is named after Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician Anders Celsius. It lies less than one crater diameter to the south-southwest of the crater Zagut, and due north of Büsching.

This is a heavily worn crater with a southwest rim that has been damaged by multiple small crater impacts. There is a valley-like gap in the northern rim that joins Celsius with Celsius A. The interior floor of Celsius is almost featureless, except for a small craterlet in the northern half.

Büsching (crater)
Büsching is a lunar impact crater that is located in the crater-covered southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German geographer Anton F. Büsching. The similar-sized crater Buch is located adjacent to its southwestern rim, and further to the southwest lies Maurolycus.

This crater has been eroded by a long history of subsequent impacts, so that the rim has been worn down and the edge rounded. Several small craterlets lie along the edge of the rim, and there is a tiny crater on the interior floor near the east-southeastern rim. The interior floor is somewhat irregular and lacks a central peak at the midpoint.
Tropical Storm Washi
Severe Tropical Storm Washi, locally named Sendong,  was a late-season tropical cyclone that caused around 1,200 to 2,500 deaths and catastrophic damage in the Philippines in late 2011. Washi made landfall over Mindanao, a major region in the Philippines, on December 16. Washi weakened slightly after passing Mindanao, but regained strength in the Sulu Sea, and made landfall again over Palawan  on December 17.

PAGASA
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (full name: Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration) (Filipino: Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko), abbreviated as PAGASA or DOST-PAGASA, is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to ensure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences. Created on December 8, 1972, by reorganizing the Weather Bureau, PAGASA now serves as one of the Scientific and Technological Services Institutes of the Department of Science and Technology.
Lotus 21
The Lotus 21 was a Formula One racing car  designed by Colin Chapman. It was a mid-engined design using a tubular spaceframe structure skinned with fibreglass panels, of a more advanced build than seen in the Lotus 18. Powered by the 1.5-litre Coventry Climax FPF 4-cylinder engine, it used disc brakes all round.

Used by the works Lotus team and the privateer Rob Walker Racing Team in 1961, the 21 was the first works Lotus to win a Formula One Grand Prix, in the hands of Innes Ireland at the 1961 United States Grand Prix. (Previous victories were taken by Rob Walker's team). Customer teams continued to use it up to 1965. It was soon rendered obsolete by the Lotus 24 and the monocoque Lotus 25 introduced for the 1962 Formula One season.

Lotus 25
The Lotus 25 was a racing car designed by Colin Chapman for the 1962 Formula One season. It was a revolutionary design, the first fully stressed monocoque chassis to appear in Formula One. In the hands of Jim Clark it took 14 World Championship Grand Prix wins and propelled him to his 1963 World Championship title. Its last World Championship win was at the 1965 French Grand Prix.

It was the first Formula One car to use Esso fuel.
Cyperus blepharoleptos
Cyperus blepharoleptos is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to the Americas, Caribbean Islands, and Africa.  A common name for this species is Cuban bulrush.

This species of Cyperus was named by German physician and amateur botanist, Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel, in 1854.

It grows to a height of 0.30–0.91 m (1–3 ft). Its stems are sharply triangular and smooth and the leaves grow from the base of the plant. The leaves are narrow and ribbon-like; 6.4 mm (0.25 in) wide and 0.91–1.22 m (3–4 ft) in length, with the leaves often longer than the stem. The inflorescence occurs at the top of the stem. Each stalk is topped by a dense, spherical head, about 19 mm (0.75 in) in diameter. The heads containing numerous reddish-brown spikelets, which are spiral and overlapping. The fruit is an olive nutlet about 20 mm (0.8 in) in length.

Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).
Australian Women's Army Service
The Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) was a non-medical women's service established in Australia during the Second World War. Raised on 13 August 1941 to "release men from certain military duties for employment in fighting units" the service grew to over 20,000-strong and provided personnel to fill various roles including administration, driving, catering, signals and intelligence. Following the end of the Second World War, the service was demobilised and ceased to exist by 1947. It later provided a cadre of experienced personnel to the Women's Royal Australian Army Corps when it was established in 1951.

First Australian Army
The First Australian Army  was a field army of the Australian Army, during World War II. The formation's headquarters was raised in April 1942 from the existing 1st Australian Corps headquarters, assuming command of all Allied troops in Queensland. Initially, the formation was assigned a defensive role in anticipation of a possible Japanese invasion; however, this threat subsided and eventually the army was deployed to Lae, in New Guinea, in late 1944, where it co-ordinated Australian offensives around Aitape, in New Guinea, on New Britain and Bougainville, and around Madang. The formation was disbanded in February 1946, when it was redesignated as the 8th Military District.
Galle Face Green
Galle Face Green is a 5 ha (12 acres) ocean-side urban park, which stretches for 500 m (1,600 ft) along the coast, in the heart of Colombo, the financial and business capital of Sri Lanka. The promenade was initially laid out in 1859 by Governor Sir Henry George Ward, although the original Galle Face Green extended over a much larger area than is seen today. The Galle Face Green was initially used for horse racing and as a golf course, but was also used for cricket, polo, football, tennis, and rugby.

Governor of British Ceylon
The governor of Ceylon was the representative in Ceylon of the British Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in Ceylon. The governor was the head of the British colonial administration in Ceylon, reporting to the Colonial Office.

With Ceylon gaining self-rule and dominion status with the creation of Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, this office was replaced by the Governor-General, who represented the British monarch as the head of state. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1972 and replaced by the post of President when Sri Lanka became a republic.
Mepral, Kerala
Mepral is a ward of the Peringara panchayath, Peringara gram panchayat in the Thiruvalla taluk, Thiruvalla Revenue Division of Pathanamthitta district, Kerala. The ward is located at the tri-junction of the borders of Pathanamthitta district, Kottayam district, and Alappuzha district.

Mepral is a primarily rural area. The area mainly consists of low-lying paddy fields irrigated by the Manimala.

Pathanamthitta district
Pathanamthitta district (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla.  and  Major Towns of Konni, Kozhanchery, Ranni, and Mallappalli.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population was 1,197,412, making it the third least populous district in Kerala (out of 14), after Wayanad and Idukki. Pathanamthitta has been declared the first polio-free district in India. The district is 10.03% urbanised. The district spans 2,652 km², more than half of which is covered by forest.
Torture of Prometheus (Salvator Rosa)
Torture of Prometheus is an oil painting by Salvator Rosa, an Italian Baroque painter active in Naples and Rome, executed c. 1646-1648.

The scene depicts a story from Greek mythology, wherein Prometheus, one of the Titans, is punished by Zeus for having provided humanity with fire. The punishment was to chain Prometheus to a rock in the Caucusus, and that an eagle would arrive and feast on his liver. Daily his wounds would heal, his liver regenerate, and the eagle would return to again torture him. At Prometheus' feet is a torch representative of his sin.

The scene has been represented by other contemporary painters such as Rubens and Jordaens, but they typically show the beginning of the eagle's attack, while Rosa has chosen to depict the event in the midst of a gory disembowelment. Rosa was far more successful in obtaining clients for his landscapes, often depicting storms and wildness. The present scene encapsulates some of the passion which Rosa instilled in his paintings.

Prometheus Bound (Rubens)
Prometheus Bound is an oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish Baroque artist from Antwerp. Influenced by the Greek play, Prometheus: The Friend of Man, Peter Paul Rubens completed this painting in his studio with collaboration from Frans Snyders, who rendered the eagle. It remained in his possession from 1612 to 1618, when it was traded in a group of paintings completed by Rubens, to Englishman Sir Dudley Carleton in exchange for his collection of classical statues. This work is currently in the collection of the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille.
Ofornine
Ofornine is a synthetic compound investigated primarily for its antihypertensive properties. It functions as a vasodilator and exhibits presynaptic adrenolytic activity, with evidence suggesting involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in its pharmacological effects.

A number of structural analogs have been prepared with similar activity.

Adrenergic antagonist
An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors. There are five adrenergic receptors, which are divided into two groups. The first group of receptors are the beta (β) adrenergic receptors. There are β1, β2, and β3 receptors. The second group contains the alpha (α) adrenoreceptors. There are only α1 and α2 receptors. Adrenergic receptors are located near the heart, kidneys, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. There are also α-adreno receptors that are located on vascular smooth muscle.

Antagonists reduce or block the signals of agonists. They can be drugs, which are added to the body for therapeutic reasons, or endogenous ligands. The α-adrenergic antagonists have different effects from the β-adrenergic antagonists.
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University
Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University (Turkish: Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, formerly Zonguldak Karaelmas University) is a state university located in Zonguldak, Turkey. The university was founded in 1992 with a primary focus on education in Mining and Engineering.

Zonguldak
Zonguldak (Turkish pronunciation: [zoŋˈguɫdak]) is a city of about 100 thousand people in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Zonguldak Province and Zonguldak District. It was established in 1849 as a port town for the nearby coal mines in Ereğli. The current mayor is Tahsin Erdem, representing the CHP.