hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reza Qoli Khan Ardalan
Reza Qoli Khan Ardalan (1824–1864) was the penultimate Ardalan governor of Kurdistan from 1834 to 1848 at irregular intervals. He was the son and predecessor of Khosrow Khan III. His mother was Walia, a daughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834), the Qajar shah (king) of Iran.

Due to his young age, his mother initially managed the affairs of the realm. In an attempt to win over the public, Reza Qoli Khan lowered the tax. In 1835, Mohammad Shah Qajar (r. 1834–1848) sent him to help Bahram Mirza suppress the rebellion of Mohammad-Hossein Mirza, the governor of Kermanshah. In 1838, with the intention of strengthening Qajar authority in Kurdistan, Mohammad Shah gave his sister in marriage to Reza Qoli Khan.

Reza Qoli Khan died in Tehran in 1864.

Ardalan
Ardalan (Sorani Kurdish: ئەردەڵان, Persian: اردلان), also known as the Ardalanids, the House of Ardalan, the Ardalanid dynasty, or Ardalanid Kurdistan (Persian: کردستان اردلان, romanized: Kurdistân-e Ardalân), was a hereditary Kurdish Emirate in western Iran from around the 14th century until 1865 or 1868 with Sanandaj as capital. The Ardalan state was completely independent until 1617, when it was incorporated into the Safavid Empire as a semi-independent frontier province by the name of Ardalan. The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan province of Iran and its rulers were loyal to Qajar Iran. Baban was its main rival. Gorani was its literary language and lingua franca. When the Ardalan emirate fell, literary work in Gorani ceased.
2001 Verizon Tennis Challenge
The 2001 Verizon Tennis Challenge was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Atlanta Athletic Club in Johns Creek, Georgia in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. It was the 16th and last edition of the tournament and ran from April 23 through April 29, 2001. Unseeded Andy Roddick, who entered on a wildcard, won the singles title.

Verizon Tennis Challenge
The Verizon Tennis Challenge (ex Paine Webber Classic from 1984 in Boca Raton to 1987 in Orlando) was a Grand Prix tennis circuit and Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour affiliated men's tennis tournament played from 1984 to 2001. It was held in the United States, in Boca Raton, Florida in 1984, in Fort Myers, Florida in 1985 and 1986, in Orlando, Florida from 1987 to 1991, and at the Atlanta Athletic Club in what is now Johns Creek, Georgia from 1992 to 2001. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts from 1985 to 1991 and on outdoor clay courts from 1992 to 2001.
Morane-Saulnier MS.341
The Morane-Saulnier MS.341 was a single engine parasol wing training and touring aircraft built in France in the mid-1930s.  It had two open cockpits in tandem and was sold to private owners, clubs and the Armée de l'Air.

Renault 4P
The Renault 4P, also called the Renault Bengali Junior, was a series of air-cooled 4-cylinder inverted inline aero engines designed and built in France from 1927, which produced from 95 hp (71 kW) to 150 hp (110 kW).
Kosmos 1604
Kosmos 1604 (Russian: Космос 1604 meaning Cosmos 1604) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1604 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 19:49 UTC on 4 October 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-107A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15350.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
Mon National Liberation Army
The Mon National Liberation Army (Mon: ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၠးၜးကောန်ဂကူမန်; Burmese: မွန်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated MNLA) is a Mon insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It is the armed wing of the New Mon State Party (NMSP), and has been fighting government forces since 1949, though under different names. The NMSP signed the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) on 15 October 2015 with several other insurgent groups and the government of Myanmar.

Mon State
Mon State (Burmese: မွန်ပြည်နယ်, pronounced [mʊ̀ɴ pjìnɛ̀]; Mon: တွဵုရးဍုင်မန်) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to the north and Tanintharyi Region to the south, also having a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is 12,155 km2 (4,693 sq mi). The Dawna Range, running along the eastern side of the state in a NNW–SSE direction, forms a natural border with Kayin State. Mon State includes some small islands, such as Kalegauk, Wa Kyun and Kyungyi Island, along its 566 km (352 mi) of coastline. The state's capital is Mawlamyine.
South Carolina Statehouse corruption investigation
The South Carolina Statehouse corruption investigation was a probe into unlawful interactions between members of the South Carolina General Assembly, the political firm of Richard Quinn, Sr., and major state institutions and corporations from 2013 to 2021. The influence of Quinn's consulting firm was called the Quinndom. By the end of the investigation, four members of the South Carolina General Assembly were indicted on public corruption charges. This investigation is often considered the most significant political scandal in the history of the state of South Carolina since Operation Lost Trust in 1989.   Lost Trust directly influenced the passing of South Carolina's Ethics Reform Act of 1991, and led to the restructuring of the state government in 1993. The investigation raised questions about the effectiveness of that reform in the face of political corruption and dark money influence.

The State (newspaper)
The State is an American newspaper published in Columbia, South Carolina. The newspaper is owned and distributed by The McClatchy Company in the Midlands region of the state. It is by circulation, the second-largest newspaper in South Carolina after The Post and Courier.
Joint source and channel coding
In information theory, joint source–channel coding is the encoding of a redundant information source for transmission over a noisy channel, and the corresponding decoding, using a single code instead of the more conventional steps of source coding followed by channel coding.

Joint source–channel coding has been proposed and implemented for a variety of situations, including speech and videotransmission.

Noisy-channel coding theorem
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit), establishes that for any given degree of noise contamination of a communication channel, it is possible (in theory) to communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel.  This result was presented by Claude Shannon in 1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley.

The Shannon limit or Shannon capacity of a communication channel refers to the maximum rate of error-free data that can theoretically be transferred over the channel if the link is subject to random data transmission errors, for a particular noise level.  It was first described by Shannon (1948), and shortly after published in a book by Shannon and Warren Weaver entitled The Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949). This founded the modern discipline of information theory.
2010 Euroleague Final Four
The 2010 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding EuroLeague Final Four tournament that determined the winner of the 2009–10 Euroleague season. It was held at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, France on May 7 and 9, 2010. The contestants were four former EuroLeague champions, and three of the previous year's EuroLeague Final Four teams CSKA Moscow, Olympiacos, Regal FC Barcelona, plus new entry Partizan Belgrade. Barcelona won their second EuroLeague crown, beating Olympiacos 86–68, in the final.

EuroLeague Championship Game
The EuroLeague Championship Game is the championship basketball final of the EuroLeague competition. The EuroLeague is the highest level tier, and most important professional competition of club basketball in Europe. Over the years, the EuroLeague's Championship Game, has also previously been known as the EuroLeague Final, the EuroLeague Finals, the EuroLeague Grand Final, and the EuroLeague Grand Finale.

Real Madrid have won the EuroLeague championship on 11 occasions, more than any other club, with its most recent victory coming in 2023. Fenerbahçe of Istanbul, is the current holder of the EuroLeague championship, as of 2025.
Access time
Access time is the time delay or latency between a request to an electronic system, and the access being initiated or the requested data returned.

In computer and software systems, it is the time interval between the point where an instruction control unit initiates a call to retrieve data or a request to store data, and the point at which delivery of the data is completed or the storage is started. Note that in distributed software systems or other systems with stochastic processes, access time or latency should be measured at the 99th percentile.

Hard disk drive performance characteristics
Higher performance in hard disk drives comes from devices which have better performance characteristics. These performance characteristics can be grouped into two categories: access time and data transfer time (or rate).
Daniel and Mary Lee House
The Daniel and Mary Lee House is a historic house on Pepperidge Road in Portland, Connecticut.  Built about 1774, it is a well-preserved example of rural vernacular colonial-era residential architecture, with later Federal period alterations.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Portland, Connecticut
Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 9,384 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed as a census-designated place (CDP). It is situated across the Connecticut River from Middletown.

Brownstone quarried in Portland was used in the construction of Hartford's Old State House in 1796. The vast majority of the brownstone buildings in Connecticut  (see College Row at Wesleyan University and the Long Walk at Trinity College) as well as the famous brownstones in New York City were built with brownstone from Portland's quarries. Later, one of the quarries was transformed into an adventure park in the summer months featuring zip lines, cliff diving and scuba locations.

About half of the town's perimeter is made up of the Connecticut River. The town has eight marinas and boat clubs as well as three 18-hole golf courses.
2023 Aspria Tennis Cup
The 2023 Aspria Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventeenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Milan, Italy between 3 and 9 July 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Castle Rock 'n' Rollers
Castle Rock 'n' Rollers is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Castle Rock, Colorado. Founded in 2008, as of 2017 the league consists of a single team which competes against teams from other leagues. Castle Rock is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

The league played its first home bout in June 2009, against the Naughty Pines Derby Dames. and took their first win against the same opposition, in September.

The league was accepted into the Women's Flat Track Derby Association Apprentice Program in April 2010, and became a full member of the WFTDA in June 2011.

Castle Rock, Colorado
Castle Rock is a home rule town that is the county seat of and the most-populous municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The town’s population was 73,158 at the 2020 census, a 51.68% increase since the 2010 census. Castle Rock is the most-populous Colorado town (rather than city) and the 14th-most populous Colorado municipality. Castle Rock is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metropolitan statistical area and the Front Range urban corridor.

The town is named for the prominent, castle-shaped butte near the center of town.
Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)
The circle style Kabaddi World Cup is an international kabaddi competition administered by the Government of Punjab (India) and Government of Punjab (Pakistan) contested by men's and women's national teams. The competition has been contested every year from the inaugural tournament in 2010 to 2016 and then in 2020, except for 2015 due to the 2015 Guru Granth Sahib desecration controversy. The women's tournament was introduced in 2013. Every tournament, men's and women's, has been won by India except the 2020 edition, which was played in Pakistan and won by Pakistan.

2013 Kabaddi World Cup (circle style)
The 2013 World Kabaddi Cup was the fourth edition of the circle style World Kabaddi Cup, held from 1 to 14 December 2013 with the Opening Ceremony on 30 November 2013 at Bathinda. The tournament took place in Punjab, India.
1948 All-Big Nine Conference football team
The 1948 All-Big Nine Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Nine Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. Players selected as first-team honorees by the AP, UP and INS are displayed in bold.

Michigan compiled a 9–0 record, won both the Big Nine Conference and national football championships, and had four players who were selected as consensus first-team All-Big Nine players.  Michigan's consensus first-team honorees were quarterback Pete Elliott, end Dick Rifenburg, tackle Alvin Wistert, guard Dominic Tomasi.

Other players receiving first-team honors from at least two of the three major selectors were Indiana halfback George Taliaferro, Purdue halfback Harry Szulborski, Northwestern fullback Art Murakowski, Minnesota end Bud Grant, Minnesota guard Leo Nomellini, and Northwestern center Alex Sarkisian.

George Taliaferro
George Taliaferro (January 8, 1927 – October 8, 2018) was an American professional football player who was the first African American drafted by a National Football League (NFL) team.  Beginning his football career at Indiana University for the Hoosiers team, he played in the NFL for the New York Yanks from 1950 to 1951, the Dallas Texans in 1952, the Baltimore Colts from 1953 to 1954, and Philadelphia Eagles in 1955.

He was the first African-American drafted into the National Football League when he was selected in the 13th round (129th pick overall) of the 1949 NFL draft. On November 22, 1953, he became the first black player to start at quarterback in the NFL in the post-color bar era when he saw emergency duty against the Los Angeles Rams.

Taliaferro was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.
Florida State Road 874
State Road 874 (SR 874), named the South Miami Dade Don Shula Expressway for its length, is a controlled-access toll road in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida. It extends 7 miles (11 km) northeast from the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT) in southwestern Kendall to SR 826 (Palmetto Expressway) in Glenvar Heights, allowing traffic from the far south of Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys to move to more central regions of metropolitan Miami and vice versa, bypassing communities along US 1, while also permitting local access to the Kendall district. The road, named in honor of the long-serving coach of the Miami Dolphins NFL team, is maintained and tolled by the Greater Miami Expressway Agency (GMX). Contrary to the numbering plan of Florida State Roads, SR 874 is signed north–south.

Florida State Highway System
The State Highway System of the U.S. state of Florida comprises the roads maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) or a toll authority. The components are referred to officially as state roads, abbreviated as SR.
Forever Burned
Forever Burned is the tenth compilation album by American experimental rock band Swans. It was given a limited release through the Young God Records website. It featured the entire The Burning World album followed by a few songs from White Light from the Mouth of Infinity, Love of Life and the Michael Gira version of Love Will Tear Us Apart. Tracks 1 to 10 are from The Burning World.

The record is out-of-print and no longer available from the Young God Records website.

White Light from the Mouth of Infinity
White Light from the Mouth of Infinity is the seventh studio album by the American band Swans. It was released on May 6, 1991, in the United Kingdom, through Young God Records. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

In 2015, it was remastered and made available digitally and in a 3CD (and 3LP) set along with Love of Life and an album of bonus tracks.
Joose (framework)
Free and open-source software portal

Joose is an open-source self-hosting metaobject system for JavaScript with support for classes, inheritance, mixins, traits and aspect-oriented programming.

The Joose meta-object system is multi-paradigm. It supports class-based and prototype-based programming styles as well as class-based inheritance and role-based extension. While other JavaScript frameworks often specialize on DOM-access and AJAX, Joose specializes solely on bringing successful programming techniques to the JavaScript scripting language. Joose is thus often used in conjunction with another DOM/Ajax JavaScript framework and is tested with jQuery, YUI, Dojo, ExtJS, Prototype, Mootools and PureMVC.

Joose was heavily inspired by Moose, the object system for Perl 5 which was itself inspired by the Perl 6 object system, but unlike Perl and Moose, Joose doesn't support multiple inheritance.

Prototype JavaScript Framework
The Prototype JavaScript Framework is a JavaScript framework created by Sam Stephenson in February 2005 as part of Ajax support in Ruby on Rails. It is implemented as a single file of JavaScript code, usually named prototype.js. Prototype is distributed standalone, but also as part of larger projects, such as Ruby on Rails, script.aculo.us and Rico. As of March 2021, according to w3techs, Prototype is used by 0.6% of all websites.
Clay Ope
Clay Ope is on the west side of the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. It forms part of the Jurassic Coast. The geology of the area includes Purbeck Beds, Portland stone, Portland Sand, and Kimmeridge Clay. Above Clay Ope is West Cliff.

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Sifton Pass
Sifton Pass, 1,012 metres (3,320 feet), is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountain Trench in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, forming the divide between the Fox and Kechika Rivers, and therefore between the drainage basins of the Finlay (the north fork of the Peace) and Liard Rivers.  It also forms a division point between the Muskwa Ranges of the Northern Rockies to its east, and the Cassiar Mountains to its west.

It forms the prominence col for Thudaka Peak, many miles distant and the main height of land in the Interior Mountains between the Trench and the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains.  The resulting prominence for Thudaka is 1763 m, with the line parent for that peak being Mount Lloyd George, one of the highest in the Muskwa Ranges.

It was named for Clifford Sifton,: 243

Thudaka Peak
Thudaka Peak is the highest mountain of the Thudaka Range of the Cassiar Mountains in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located between the heads of the Obo River and the Frog River. Glaciers exist on Thudaka's northern flanks, but the zone is usually quite dry.
QSO J0439+1634
QSO J0439+1634, often referred to by just its coordinates, J0439+1634 or J043947.08+163415.7, is a superluminous quasar, and was, until 20 February 2024, (when it was superseded by QSO J0529-4351) considered the brightest quasar in the early universe with a redshift of z = 6.51. It is approximately 12.873 billion light-years away. The brightness of the quasar is equivalent to about 600 trillion luminosities of the Suns with gravitational lensing, without this effect 11 trillion. The quasar-related supermassive black hole has a mass of 700 million solar masses.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Cultural influence of Jules Verne
Jules Verne (1828–1905), the French writer best known for his Voyages extraordinaires series, has had a wide influence in both scientific and literary fields. According to the Index Translationum, he has the second most number of translated works among all authors.

French ship Jules Verne
Two ships of the French Navy have borne the name Jules Verne in honour of  science-fiction writer Jules Verne:

Jules Verne (A640), a submarine tender launched in 1931 and scrapped in 1961.

Jules Verne (A620), a repair ship launched in 1970 as Achéron; scrapped in 2016.