hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French Renaissance literature
French Renaissance literature is, for the purpose of this article, literature written in French (Middle French) from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 to 1600, or roughly the period from the reign of Charles VIII of France to the ascension of Henry IV of France to the throne.  The reigns of Francis I (from 1515 to 1547) and his son Henry II (from 1547 to 1559) are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance.  After Henry II's unfortunate death in a joust, the country was ruled by his widow Catherine de' Medici and her sons Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III, and although the Renaissance continued to flourish, the French Wars of Religion between Huguenots and Catholics ravaged the country.

Joachim du Bellay
Joachim du Bellay (French: [ʒɔaʃɛ̃ dy bɛlɛ]; c. 1522 – 1 January 1560) was a French poet, critic, and a founder of La Pléiade. He notably wrote the manifesto of the group: Défense et illustration de la langue française, which aimed at promoting French as an artistic language, equal to Greek and Latin.
Charts on SO(3)
In mathematics, the special orthogonal group in three dimensions, otherwise known as the rotation group SO(3), is a naturally occurring example of a manifold. The various charts on SO(3) set up rival coordinate systems: in this case there cannot be said to be a preferred set of parameters describing a rotation. There are three degrees of freedom, so that the dimension of SO(3) is three. In numerous applications one or other coordinate system is used, and the question arises how to convert from a given system to another.

3-sphere
In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point. The interior of a 3-sphere is a 4-ball.

It is called a 3-sphere because topologically, the surface itself is 3-dimensional, even though it is curved into the 4th dimension. For example, when traveling on a 3-sphere, you can go north and south, east and west, or along a 3rd set of cardinal directions. This means that a 3-sphere is an example of a 3-manifold.
Chicago Ridge School District
Chicago Ridge School District 127½ is a school district headquartered in the Dr. Bernard Jumbeck Administrative Center in Chicago Ridge, Illinois.

Most of Chicago Ridge and a portion of Oak Lawn are in the district boundaries. It operates three schools:  Finley Junior High School, Ridge Central School (elementary), and Ridge Lawn School (elementary). Community High School District 218 covers areas covered by this school district, and therefore the feeder high school is Harold L. Richards High School.

Harold L. Richards High School
Harold L. Richards High School is a co-ed public high school in Oak Lawn, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, and is a member of Illinois School District 218.

The school opened in 1965, named for District Superintendent Dr. Harold Leland Richards who served in that capacity for 33 years from 1935–1968. Dr. Richards served as a private in the army in World War I, as a major in the Army Air Corp in World War II, and eventually rose to Lt. Colonel in the Reserves and called back into active duty during the Korean War. After graduating from Pennsylvania Military College in 1920, he taught in Indiana, was superintendent of Michigamme, Michigan schools, and headed the Iowa Military Academy in Epworth, Iowa before coming to District 218. In addition to PMC, he held multiple degrees from the University of Chicago. Dr. Richards died in January 1988 at the age of 88.
Kalyani Dam
The Kalyani Dam is a gravity dam constructed across the Swarnamukhi river at Tirupati city and located in Tirupati District of Andhra Pradesh, India. This dam is one of the major sources of water supply for Tirupati city and its catchment areas. Once filled, the dam can cater to the water needs of Tirupati for at least two years.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Schauplatzgasse
The Schauplatzgasse is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland.  It is part of the Äussere Neustadt which was built during the third expansion from 1344 to 1346. It runs from Bundesplatz in front of the Bundeshaus to Bubenbergplatz and is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.

Bubenbergplatz
The Bubenbergplatz (Bubenberg Plaza, named after Adrian von Bubenberg) is a plaza in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland.  It is part of the area outside the third city walls.  It is located south-west of Bahnhofplatz and is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.
Nineteen Eighty-Four in popular media
References to George Orwell's 1949 dystopian political novel Nineteen Eighty-Four themes, concepts and plot elements are also frequent in other works, particularly popular music and video entertainment. While the novel is technically public domain under United Kingdom copyright, it is still copyrighted in the United States and as such most uses of it are as non-infringing metaphors.

Political geography of Nineteen Eighty-Four
In George Orwell's 1949 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the world is divided into three superstates: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia, which are all fighting each other in a perpetual war in a disputed area mostly located around the equator. All that Oceania's citizens know about the world is whatever the Party wants them to know, so how the world evolved into the three states is unknown; and it is also unknown to the reader whether they actually exist in the novel's reality, or whether they are a storyline invented by the Party to advance social control. The nations appear to have emerged from nuclear warfare and civil dissolution over 20 years between 1945 and 1965, in a post-war world where totalitarianism becomes the predominant form of ideology, through English Socialism of Oceania, Neo-Bolshevism of Eurasia, and Death-Worship of Eastasia.
1959 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards
The 1959 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards were the first giving under that name of the United Kingdom's premier television awards, having previously been known as the Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards before that organisation's merger with the British Film Academy. The awards later became known as the British Academy Television Awards, under which name they are still given.

British Academy Television Awards
British Academy Television Awards, or the BAFTA TV Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. They have been awarded annually since 1955. The BAFTA TV Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British and world television, equivalent to the BAFTA Film Awards for cinema, Laurence Olivier Awards for theatre, and the BRIT Awards for music. The BAFTA TV Awards are considered equivalent to the Emmy Awards.
Xuefu Subdistrict
Xuefu Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 学府街道; traditional Chinese: 學府街道; pinyin: Xuéfǔ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located in the eastern portion of Nankai District, Tianjin, China. It borders Wanxing Subdistrict in the north, Nanyingmen and Xinxing Subdistricts in the east, Machang Subdistrict in the southeast, Shuishanggongyuan Subdistrict in the south, as well as Wangdingdi and Jialing Avenue Subdistricts in the west. In 2010, its total population was 103-319.

This subdistrict was created in 1989 from the former Balitai and part of Xingyeli Subdistricts. It is named Xuefu (Chinese: 学府; lit. 'Academic Institution') for the famous Tianjin University and Nankai University within the subdistrict.

Machang Subdistrict
Machang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 马场街道; traditional Chinese: 馬場街道; pinyin: Mǎchǎng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on the northwestern corner of Hexi District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Xinxing and Taoyuan Subdistricts to its north, Xiuyue Road Subdistrict to its east, Tianta and Youyi Road Subdistricts to its south, as well as Shuishang Gongyuan and Xuefu Subdistrict to its west. Its population was 54,949 as of 2010.

The subdistrict was established in 1954. Its name (Chinese: 马场; lit. 'Horse Racing Venue') came from a horse racing venue that was constructed here in 1890s, back when this region was a part of the British concession of Tianjin.
Bronisław Bandrowski
Bronisław Bandrowski (Polish: [banˈdrɔfskʲi]; 27 May 1879 – 27 July 1914) was a Polish philosopher and psychologist. He was one of the pupils of Kazimierz Twardowski. Drawing from his mentor's theories and the tradition of the Lwów–Warsaw school, his works dealt with the problem of induction. Bandrowski was also noted for his death in the Tatra Mountains on the Orla Perć.

Kazimierz Twardowski
Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (Polish: [tfarˈdɔfskʲi]; 20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory. Twardowski emphasized "small philosophy" or the detailed, systematic analysis of specific problems.
Phoebe Judson
Phoebe Goodell Judson (October 25, 1831 – January 16, 1926; sometimes called Phoebe Newton Judson) was a Canadian and American pioneer and author. Along with her husband, Holden Judson, she founded the city of Lynden, Washington. In 1886, she started the Northwest Normal School , which would become Western Washington University.

Judson kept a diary of her experiences following March 1, 1853 (the day she and her family left for Washington Territory), which she later abridged and rewrote into A Pioneer's Search for an Ideal Home: A Personal Memoir, published shortly before her death.

Because of the large role she played during the 1870s through 1890s in the development of the Nooksack Valley (including giving Lynden its name), she is often referred to as the "Mother of Lynden".

Artificial cranial deformation
Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying pressure. Flat shapes, elongated ones (produced by binding between two pieces of wood), rounded ones (binding in cloth), and conical ones are among those chosen or valued in various cultures.

Typically, the alteration is carried out on an infant, when the skull is most pliable. In a typical case, head binding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months.
André Horta
André Filipe Luz Horta (born 7 November 1996) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Segunda División club Almería, on loan from Primeira Liga club Braga.

He made over 200 Primeira Liga appearances for Vitória de Setúbal, Benfica and Braga, winning a league and cup double with the second of those teams in 2017 as well as the Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga with the third. He also played for a year at Los Angeles FC in Major League Soccer.

2019–20 Taça da Liga
The 2019–20 Taça da Liga was the thirteenth edition of the Taça da Liga (also known as Allianz Cup for sponsorship reasons), a football league cup competition organised by the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and contested exclusively by clubs competing in the top two professional tiers of Portuguese football – the Primeira Liga and the LigaPro. It began on 27 July 2019 and concluded with the final in Braga on 25 January 2020, between Braga and Porto.

Sporting CP, who had won the previous two titles, were eliminated by Braga in the semi-finals. In a rematch of the 2013 final, Braga defeated Porto 1–0 to earn its second title. Porto lost their fourth consecutive league cup final, after appearances in the 2010, 2013, and 2019 finals.
Mid-Cambridge
Mid-Cambridge, also known as "Area 6", is a neighborhood of Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is bounded by Massachusetts Avenue on the south and west, Prospect Street on the east, and Hampshire Street, the Somerville border, Kirkland Street, Quincy Street, and Cambridge Street on the north. The neighborhood borders Central Square, Harvard Square, and Inman Square.

Neighborhood anchors include Harvard University, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge City Hall, and the main branch of the Cambridge Public Library.

In 2005, the neighborhood had a population of 13,285 residents in 5,989 households. The average household income was $50,410.

Inman Square
Inman Square is a neighborhood and historic district in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It lies north of Central Square, at the junction of Cambridge, Hampshire, and Inman Streets near the Cambridge–Somerville border.
Parachlamydia acanthamoebae
Parachlamydia acanthamoebae are bacterium that fall into the category of host-associated microorganisms. This bacterium lives within free-living amoebae that are an intricate part of their reproduction.
Originally named Candidatus Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, its current scientific name was introduced shortly after. This species has shown to have over eighty percent 16S rRNA gene sequencing identity with the class Chlamydiia. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae has the same family as the genus Neochlamydia with which it shares many similarities.

Vacuole
A vacuole (/ˈvækjuːoʊl/) is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these. The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies according to the requirements of the cell.
Integrated care
Integrated care, also known as integrated health, coordinated care, comprehensive care, seamless care, interprofessional care or transmural care, is a worldwide trend in health care reforms and new organizational arrangements focusing on more coordinated and integrated forms of care provision. Integrated care may be seen as a response to the fragmented delivery of health and social services being an acknowledged problem in many health systems. This model of care is working towards moving away from a siloed and referral-based format of care to a team-based model.

Primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically, this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates any additional care the patient may require. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
New Orleans Public Library
The New Orleans Public Library (NOPL) is the public library of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Succeeding earlier libraries in the city, it opened in 1897. Three branches were added by 1908. Carnegie library branches were added in 1911 and 1915. By 2005 a dozen branches were open. The main library is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Mayor of New Orleans
The post of Mayor of the City of New Orleans (French: Maire de La Nouvelle-Orléans) has been held by the following individuals since New Orleans came under American administration following the Louisiana Purchase — the 1803 acquisition by the U.S. of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of the French province La Louisiane. In all mayoral elections since 1930, New Orleans has used a two-round system with a preliminary round and a runoff if no candidate reached a majority in the first round. All mayors of New Orleans since 1872 have been Democrats.
Second MacDonald ministry
The second MacDonald ministry was formed by Ramsay MacDonald on his reappointment as prime minister of the United Kingdom by King George V on 5 June 1929. It was the second time the Labour Party had formed a government; the first MacDonald ministry held office in 1924.

Tom Johnston (British politician)
Thomas Johnston CH PC FRSE (2 November 1881 – 5 September 1965) was a prominent Scottish socialist journalist who became a politician of the early 20th century, a member of the Labour Party, a member of parliament (MP) and government minister – usually with Cabinet responsibility for Scottish affairs. He was also a notable figure in the Friendly society movement in Scotland.
2005 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships
The 2005 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships were held in Livigno, Italy from 31 August to 4 September 2005.
The disciplines included were cross-country, downhill, four-cross, and trials.
The event was the 16th edition of the UCI Mountain Bike World Championships and the 20th edition of the UCI Trials World Championships.

UCI Mountain Bike World Championships
The UCI Mountain Bike World Championships are the world championship events for mountain bike racing in the disciplines of cross country, downhill, and four-cross. They are organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling.

The first three finishers in each discipline at the World Championships are awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals. The winner of each discipline is also entitled to wear the rainbow jersey in events of the same discipline until the following year's World Championships. Unlike other UCI-sanctioned mountain-bike races, the competitors in the World Championships represent national rather than commercial teams. The World Championships are usually held towards the end of the season.
Emberá people
The Emberá listenⓘ, also known in the historical literature as the Chocó or Katío Indians, are an Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. Together with the Wounaan (or Waunana) they are part of the Emberá-Wounaan group. In the Emberá languages, the word ẽberá can be used to mean person, man, or Indigenous person, depending on the context in which it is used.

Darién Province
Darién (UK: /ˈdɛəriən, ˈdær-/, US: /ˌdɛəriˈɛn, ˌdɑːr-, dɑːrˈjɛn/; Spanish: [daˈɾjen]) is a province in Panama whose capital city is La Palma. With an area of 11,896.5 km2 (4,593.3 sq mi), it is located at the eastern end of the country and bordered to the north by the province of Panamá and the region of Kuna Yala. To the south, it is bordered by the Pacific Ocean and Colombia. To the east, it borders Colombia; to the west, it borders the Pacific Ocean and the province of Panama.

The area surrounding the border with Colombia is known as the Darién Gap, a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest. With no roads, it is the missing link of the Pan-American Highway.
Matterhorn Peak (Colorado)
Matterhorn Peak is a high mountain summit in the San Juan Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,596-foot (4,144 m) thirteener is located in the Uncompahgre Wilderness of Uncompahgre National Forest, 10.3 miles (16.6 km) west by north (bearing 283°) of the Town of Lake City in Hinsdale County, Colorado, United States.

Lake City, Colorado
Lake City is a statutory town that is the county seat of, the most populous community in, and the only incorporated municipality in Hinsdale County, Colorado, United States. The population was 432 at the 2020 census. It is located in the San Juan Mountains in a valley formed by the convergence of Henson Creek and the headwaters of the Lake Fork of the Gunnison River about seven miles (11 km) east of Uncompahgre Peak, a Colorado fourteener.
Lake City is named after nearby Lake San Cristobal.
This area lies at the southern end of the Colorado Mineral Belt and when rich mineral deposits were discovered the native population was pushed from their tribal lands and the town of Lake City was incorporated in 1873.
Espérance de Tunis Training Center
The Espérance de Tunis Training Center also called Hassen Belkhodja Training Center named after former Espérance Sportive de Tunis president Hassen Belkhodja The center also is famous for its name as "Park B" it is a social center and training center, located in the heart of the city of Tunis between Avenue Mohammed V and the banks of the Tunis Lake and covers an area of 7 hectares. It has been home to Esperance's training center for about thirty years. During the 90s, the head office of Esperance, which was located in the Bab Souika district, was transferred there.
Since then, new infrastructures adapted to the requirements of modern football have been built. A building houses, the General Management, the Administrative and Financial Services, the Press Department, the Ticketing and Subscription Department, the Sponsoring and Advertising Department, the Trophy Room, the Meeting Room as well as the Equipment Store. The Hassèn Belkhodja Park is made up of several integrated units.

Espérance Sportive de Tunis (volleyball)
The Espérance Sportive de Tunis Volleyball  (Arabic: الترجي الرياضي التونسي للكرة الطائرة, often referred to as EST) is one of Espérance Sportive de Tunis club's sections that represent the club in Tunisia and international volleyball competitions, the club team section based in capital Tunis since the year 1956 .
1995 VFA season
The 1995 VFA season was the 114th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria.

The premiership was won by the Springvale Football Club, after it defeated Sandringham in the grand final on 24 September by 43 points; it was the second premiership won by the club.

The 1995 season was the first season contested after the Victorian Football Association's board of management was dissolved and administration of the competition was turned over to the Victorian State Football League. Under the VSFL, the competition was restructured as a state league to serve as a supporting and developmental competition for the Victorian clubs in the Australian Football League. The 1995 season is a transitional season between the old and new structures. It was the final season in which the competition was known as the Victorian Football Association, before switching its name to the Victorian Football League in 1996.

Sandringham Football Club
The Sandringham Football Club, nicknamed the Zebras, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Sandringham. It currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Sandringham has competed in the VFL – originally known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA) – since 1929, and was one of only two clubs to not be relegated to Division 2 when the VFA was split into two divisions.

Sandringham men's side is a standalone outfit and is not affiliated with any other club. Between 2009 and 2025, the club had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club St Kilda, and prior to that were affiliated with Melbourne. The club's women's side, which competes in the VFLW, retains an affiliation with St Kilda.