hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
European civil code
The European civil code (ECC) is a proposed harmonisation of private law across the European Union.

The ultimate aim of a European civil code is, like a national civil code, to deal comprehensively with the core areas of private law. Private law typically covered in a civil code includes the family law, the law of inheritance, property law and the law of obligations. The law of obligations includes the law of contracts, delicts (or torts) and restitution. It was from work on European contract law that the push for a comprehensive European civil code arose. The development of a European civil code has primarily focused on creating a unified law of contracts. Thus, the term 'European civil code' is often used with specific reference to the harmonisation of contract law throughout the EU.

European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law
Since November 2000 the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law (ECTIL), based in Vienna, has been an association whose purpose is

to conduct legal and comparative research in the field of national, international and common European tort and insurance law

to draft Principles for a future harmonisation of European Tort and insurance law in co-operation with the European Group on Tort Law

to co-operate with scholars and research institutions in the field of tort and insurance law and with undertakings and co-operations interested in joint research projects.
Cruet-stand
A cruet-stand (or cruet in British English) is a small stand of metal, ceramic, or glass which holds containers for condiments.  Typically these include salt and pepper shakers, and often cruets or bottles of vinegar and olive oil.  The stand and containers form a cruet set.

A crystal cruet set, c.1930s/40s

A modern cruet set

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
AsoSoft text corpus
The AsoSoft text corpus is the first large-scale Kurdish text corpus, collected and processed by the AsoSoft research and development group. It contains 458,000 documents (188 million tokens) that are collected from sources such as websites, news agencies, books, and magazines. The corpus is partially tagged by topic, so it can be used for topic identification tasks. Also, it is applicable for extracting language model and computational lexicon information. Part of the corpus (75 million tokens) is available online for non-commercial use. The corpus uses the TEI format.

Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of  natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated. Annotated, they have been used in corpus linguistics for statistical hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
Outer space (mathematics)
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the Culler–Vogtmann Outer space or just Outer space of a free group Fn is a topological space consisting of the so-called "marked metric graph structures" of volume 1 on Fn. The Outer space, denoted Xn or CVn, comes equipped with a natural action of the group of outer automorphisms Out(Fn) of Fn. The Outer space was introduced in a 1986 paper of Marc Culler and Karen Vogtmann, and it serves as a free group analog of the Teichmüller space of a hyperbolic surface. Outer space is used to study homology and cohomology groups of Out(Fn) and to obtain information about algebraic, geometric and dynamical properties of Out(Fn), of its subgroups and individual outer automorphisms of Fn. The space Xn can also be thought of as the set of Fn-equivariant isometry types of minimal free discrete isometric actions of Fn on R-trees T such that the quotient metric graph T/Fn has volume 1.

Fundamental group
In the mathematical  field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a homotopy invariant—topological spaces that are homotopy equivalent (or the stronger case of homeomorphic) have isomorphic fundamental groups. The fundamental group of a topological space  is denoted by .
Osei Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu
Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu (previously known as Lawrence Addae and born on February 3, 1957) is a Ghanaian urban planner and politician. He was the majority leader in the Ghanaian Parliament until he stepped down on 21 February 2024 and is the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs in Ghana. He is the longest serving lawmaker in Ghana.

Suame (Ghana parliament constituency)
Suame (// ⓘ) is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. John Darko is the member of parliament for the constituency. Suame was formerly located in the Kumasi Metropolitan district but now it is a municipal assembly of the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

This seat was created prior to the  Ghanaian parliamentary election in 2004 when the Old Tafo-Suame constituency was split into the Old Tafo and Suame constituencies respectively.
Shanghai Metro AC19
The 16A01 (formerly known as AC19) is a type of passenger train operating on Line 16 of Shanghai Metro. They are manufactured by CSR Zhuzhou Locomotives and entered service in 2013.

The order was for a total of 46 3-car trains (138 cars). AC09B and AC19 are the last rolling stocks formerly named with "AC-series" of Shanghai Metro. In 2014, AC16 was renamed as 16A01.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
2025 Beijing Guoan F.C. season
The 2025 season was Beijing Guoan F.C.'s 61st season in Chinese football competitions. This season marks the club's 22nd consecutive season in the Chinese Super League since the league's inaugural season in 2004, and it is the club's 35th consecutive season in the top-flight of Chinese football. It covered a period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025.

Guoan finished 4th in the domestic league, and won the season's edition of the Chinese FA Cup. Guoan participated in the group stage of the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two, but was eliminated from the next round of the competition.

Chinese FA Cup
The Chinese FA Cup (Chinese: 中国足协杯, abbreviated as CFA Cup) is the national knockout cup competition in China organized by the Chinese Football Association. The current holders are Beijing Guoan, having beaten Henan in 2025 for their sixth title.
PKMYT1
Membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase also known as Myt1 kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKMYT1 gene.

Myt 1 is an enzyme in the Wee1 family and found in vertebrates.  The Wee 1 family includes a variety of enzymes that all work to inhibit Cdk activity in a variety of different organisms.  Myt 1 is important in regulating the cell cycle through inactivating Cdks through the phosphorylation of both Tyr 15 and Thr 14

Wee1
Wee1 is a nuclear kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). Wee1 has a molecular mass of 96 kDa and is a key regulator of cell cycle progression.

It  influences cell size by inhibiting the entry into mitosis, through inhibiting Cdk1. Wee1 has homologues in many other organisms, including mammals.
Frederick Stagg
Frederick Ross "Fred" Stagg (born 1942) is a lawyer and former politician in Newfoundland. He represented Port au Port from 1971 to 1975 and Stephenville from 1979 to 1985 in the Newfoundland House of Assembly.

The son of Chesley Stagg and Gwendolyn Billard, he was born in Clarenville, but moved as a one-year-old to the town of Boswarlos on the Port au Port Peninsula and was educated at Memorial University and the University of New Brunswick. He was first employed as a teacher and then went on to study law, was called to the Newfoundland bar in 1970 and set up practice in Stephenville. Stagg married Cheryl Joan Rees. He served as president of the Stephenville Jets hockey team for several years.

Stagg was first elected to the Newfoundland assembly in 1971 and was reelected in 1972. He retired from politics in 1975 and then was elected for Stephenville in 1979. He was defeated by Kevin Aylward when he ran for reelection in 1985.

Kevin Aylward
Kevin Aylward (born August 24, 1960) is a Canadian businessman and former politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He was the leader of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador from August 14, 2011, until January 3, 2012. Aylward was first elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 1985 election and served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Clyde Wells, Brian Tobin, Beaton Tulk and Roger Grimes. Aylward did not seek re-election in the 2003 election.

Upon the resignation of Liberal leader Yvonne Jones on August 9, 2011, 62 days before the provincial election, Aylward ran in the leadership race to succeed her. Five days after Jones' resignation Aylward was chosen as party leader in a field of seven candidates. On October 26, 2011, he resigned as leader after failing to win the district of St. George's-Stephenville East in the 2011 provincial election.

Aylward is a member of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band.
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 28 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was the United States.

This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The ninth edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in 2002 in Yokohama International Swimming Pool in Yokohama, Japan, from August 24–29.  One world record was set over the six-day competition.
Building at 1406 Romero
The Building at 1406 Romero in Las Vegas, New Mexico was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

It has stuccoed adobe walls built upon a stuccoed foundation, and an L-shaped plan.  It has a food drying attic above what may be an original flat earthen roof.

It was deemed significant as an "unaltered, classic example of the New Mexico Vernacular type of about 1895.

New Mexico vernacular
New Mexico vernacular is a style of vernacular architecture.

It developed from the c.1870s to c.1940s.

One typical form is the one-story hipped box massing, with very limited ornamentation or no ornamentation at all.  The elements of spare ornamentation might include "Italianate brackets and scroll-sawn ornament, lathe-turned or square chamfered columns, wood shingles on gable ends, and diamond-patterned windows".
Diep River, Cape Town
Diep River is a suburb in Cape Town, South Africa, named after the Diep River that runs through the area. The suburb is bordered by Heathfield to the south and Plumstead to the north. Diep River railway station is on the main line from Cape Town to Simon's Town.

Simon's Town
Simon's Town (Afrikaans: Simonstad), sometimes spelled Simonstown, is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa and is home to Naval Base Simon's Town, the South African Navy's largest base. It is located on the shores of Simon's Bay in False Bay, on the eastern side of the Cape Peninsula. For more than two centuries, it has been a naval base and harbour (first for the British Royal Navy and now the South African Navy). The town is named after Simon van der Stel, an early governor of the Cape Colony.
Bundee Aki
Fua Leiofi Bundellu Aki (born 7 April 1990) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a centre for United Rugby Championship club Connacht. Born in New Zealand, he represents Ireland at international level after qualifying on residency grounds. He became an Irish citizen in 2024, and maintains dual citizenship. He has four caps for the British and Irish Lions, has won three Six Nations Championships, three Triple Crowns and two Grand Slams with Ireland, a Super Rugby title with the Chiefs and one PRO12 title with Connacht Rugby.

2018 Six Nations Championship
The 2018 Six Nations Championship (known as the Natwest 6 Nations for sponsorship reasons) was the 19th Six Nations Championship, the annual international rugby union tournament for the six major European rugby union nations.

The championship was contested by France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales and defending champions England. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 124th edition of the tournament.

The Championship was won by Ireland on 10 March 2018, with their four wins (three with try bonus points) from the first four matches sufficient to place them out of reach of the other participants ahead of the final round. This was the third tournament running where the championship and Wooden Spoon had been decided by the end of round four. After a 24–15 victory against England on the final day, Ireland secured a Grand Slam, their third ever, alongside a Triple Crown.
Elphidae
Elphidae is a clade of bidentalian dicynodonts containing Elph, Katumbia, and Interpresosaurus. It is exclusively known from the Late Permian of Russia and Tanzania. Elphidae is variously recovered as either at the base of a paraphyletic Cryptodontia, or as basal dicynodontoids.

The clade Elphinae was erected by Kurkin (2010) to pertain to a clade containing Elph and Interpresosaurus, two dicynodonts from Late Permian Russia. This clade was diagnosed by a sharply shortened preorbital skull, relatively small tusks located below the anterior orbit, and maxillae with depressions located below the naris. Elphinae is often recovered forming a clade with the Tanzanian Katumbia, to which the name Elphidae can be applied under the rules of the ICZN.

Dicynodontoidea
Dicynodontoidea is an infraorder of dicynodont therapsids that includes the famous dicynodont Dicynodon, Lystrosaurus and the Triassic Kannemeyeriiformes, as well as numerous other closely related species. The name was coined by American paleontologist Everett C. Olson in 1941 as an infraorder, despite using the typical "-oidea" suffix of superfamilies, and was later redefined under a phylogenetic context in 2009 by paleontologist Christian F. Kammerer.
Shalla-Bal
Shalla-Bal is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, the immortal Empress of Zenn-La and the lover of Norrin Radd, the Silver Surfer. When Radd becomes the Herald of Galactus in exchange for his planet being spared, the lovers are separated for eternity.

Shalla-Bal appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film The Fantastic Four: First Steps (2025), played by Julia Garner. This version is portrayed as the Silver Surfer.

Elders of the Universe
The Elders of the Universe are a group of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Collector was the first Elder to appear, and featured in The Avengers #28 (May 1966), but the idea that he was a member of a group known as the Elders was not introduced until The Avengers #174 (Aug. 1978).
Kraal
Kraal (also spelled craal or kraul) is an Afrikaans and Dutch word, also used in South African English, for an enclosure for cattle or other livestock, located within a Southern African settlement or village surrounded by a fence of thorn-bush branches, a palisade, mud wall, or other fencing, roughly circular in form. It is similar to a boma in eastern or central Africa.

In Curaçao, another former Dutch colony, the enclosure was called "koraal" which means coral and which in Papiamentu is translated "kura", a word still in use today for any enclosed terrain, like a garden.

Palisade
A palisade, sometimes called a stakewall or a paling, is typically a row of closely placed, high vertical standing tree trunks or wooden or iron  stakes used as a fence for enclosure or as a defensive wall. Palisades can form a stockade.
Acongeong
Acongeong or  Acumcum) is a town in the Jur River County of Western Bahr el Ghazal state in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan. It is located northeast of the city of Wau.

During the Second Sudanese Civil War,  UNICEF had a camp in Acumcum to treat malnourished children. Other organizations such as MSF and the World Food Programme of the United Nations were present in Acumcum.

Jur River County
Jur River County is a county in the Western Bahr el Ghazal state in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan, located in east and northeast parts of the state, Jur River County is divided into five payams (districts): Kangi Payam, Udoci, Marial Bai, Rocrocdong, and Kuajiena. Each one of these Payms are further divided into several Bomas. Jur River County headquarters has been controversially relocated in 2012 by the state government to Nyin Akok Village on the eastern bank of the Jur River.
Edward St. Loe
Edward St. Loe or Seyntlowe (died 1578), of Sutton Court, Somerset and Knighton, near Ramsbury, Wiltshire, was an English politician. He was brother to Sir William St Loe.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Bath in 1559 and for Downton in 1572.

William St Loe
Sir William St Loe (1518–1565) was a 16th-century English soldier, politician and courtier. He was the third husband of Bess of Hardwick, his second wife. His official positions included Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Chief Butler of England and Member of Parliament for Derbyshire.
Goral ethnolect
Goral, less frequently called Highlander or Highland Polish, is an ethnolect of the Lechitic group, more specifically of the Lesser Poland dialect group spoken by the Gorals. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by many languages like Slovak, Rusyn, Hungarian, Romanian and German, being common vocabulary of the Carpathian region. Some consider Goral to be a microlanguage, alongside Silesian and to a lesser extent Masurian.

The term Goral derives from the Slavic word for mountain (góra, hora) and the noun-forming suffix denoting people -al.

The Goral ethnolect is often equated to the Podhale dialect; however, this is only one of the many Goral dialects. The term itself refers not to one dialect but to several unique dialects with similar vocabulary (mostly related to pastoralism) or common isoglosses like the aoristic -k.

Masurian dialects
The Masurian ethnolect (Masurian: mazurská gádkä; Polish: mazurski; German: Masurisch), according to some linguists, is a dialect group of the Polish language; others consider Masurian to be a separate language, spoken by the Masurian people in northeastern Poland.

The dialect belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland as well as parts of Siberia. It borders the Lubawa dialect to the far southwest, the Ostróda dialect and Warmia dialect to the west, the new mixed dialects to the north, the Suwałki dialect to the east, marginally the Podlachia dialect to the far east, and the Kurpie dialect and Far Mazovian dialect to the south.
Helen Oxenbury
Helen Gillian Oxenbury (born 2 June 1938) is an English illustrator and writer of children's picture books. She lives in north London. She has twice won the annual Kate Greenaway Medal, the British librarians' award for illustration and been runner-up four times. For the 50th anniversary of that Medal (1955–2005) her 1999 illustrated edition of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was named one of the top ten winning works.

Edward Lear
Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularised but which term he never used.

His principal areas of work as an artist were threefold: as a draughtsman employed to make illustrations of birds and animals, making coloured drawings during his journeys (which he reworked later, sometimes as plates for his travel books) and as a minor illustrator of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poems.

As an author, he is known principally for his popular nonsense collections of poems, songs, short stories, botanical drawings, recipes and alphabets. He also composed and published twelve musical settings of Tennyson's poetry.
Brevidentavis
Brevidentavis (meaning "short-toothed bird") is a genus of ornithuromorph dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Xiagou Formation of Gansu Province, China. The genus contains a single species, Brevidentavis zhangi, known from a specimen including a partial skull and cervical vertebrae. The Brevidentavis holotype shows unusually blunt teeth in its lower jaw, which the describing authors suggest may indicate a specialized diet. Its dentition shows similarities with those of hesperornitheans, and indeed it may be an early member of that group.

Euornithes
Euornithes (from the Greek word ευόρνιθες euórnithes meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines. This group was defined in the PhyloCode by Juan Benito and colleagues in 2022 as "the largest clade containing Vultur gryphus, but not Enantiornis leali and Cathayornis yandica".