hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podberezinsky District, Tatar ASSR
Podberezinsky District (Russian: Подберезинский район; Tatar: Подберезье (Күлле Ил) районы) was a district (raion) of the Tatar ASSR.

It had an area of about 524 square kilometers in 1947 and was divided into 16 selsoviets.

It was established on February 19, 1944. Its administrative center was the village (selo) of Bolshoye Podberezye. On May 14, 1956, the district was abolished and its territory was transferred to Kaybitsky District.

Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Tatar ASSR or TASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. The resolution for its creation was signed on 27 May 1920 and the republic was proclaimed on 25 June 1920. Kazan served as its capital.

The territory of the TASSR was a part of Kazan, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates (or gubernias) of the Imperial Russia before the October Revolution of 1917.

27 May 1920: Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

30 August 1990: Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic

16 May 1992: Republic of Tatarstan
Street (surname)
Street is an English surname, deriving from the Latin strata, via the Old English stræt, referring to a Roman road. As a toponymic surname, the name may be derived from the villages of Strete in Devon, England, and Streat in Sussex, England. A branch from an English family Street fixated in Portugal, which surname, currently, appears to be used only by the descendants of the Street de Arriaga e Cunha Viscounts and Counts of Carnide. Its arms are: gules, three St. Catherine's wheels argent; crest: a lion assaltant or, against a St. Catherine's wheel gules.

Tony Street
Anthony Austin Street, MP (8 February 1926 – 25 October 2022) was an Australian politician. He served in the House of Representatives from 1966 to 1984, representing the Division of Corangamite for the Liberal Party. He held ministerial office in the Fraser government, serving as Minister for Labor and Immigration (1975), Employment and Industrial Relations (1975–1978), Industrial Relations (1978–1980), and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1980–1983). His father Geoffrey Street was also a federal government minister. Street was the last surviving Liberal minister of the first Fraser ministry, as well as the last surviving Assistant Minister of the McMahon government.
Mala Dobrava
Mala Dobrava (pronounced [ˈmaːla dɔˈbɾaːʋa]; German: Unterdobrawa) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. It lies in the hills northwest of Ivančna Gorica in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Ivančna Gorica
Ivančna Gorica (pronounced [iˈʋaːntʃna ɡɔˈɾiːtsa]; in older sources also Vanjčina Gorica) is a settlement in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Kowloon South-west (1995 constituency)
Kowloon South-west was a geographical constituencies in the election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1995, which elects one member of the Legislative Council using the first-past-the-post voting system. The constituency covers Yau Tsim Mong District in Kowloon.

The constituency was replaced by the Kowloon West constituency in 1998 after the handover of Hong Kong a year before.

Geographical constituency
In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returning 35 members to the Legislative Council.  Following the 2021 electoral reforms passed by the Standing Committee of the mainland National People's Congress, the number of members returned by geographical constituencies would be lowered to 20, while the total number of seats in the Legislative Council would be increased to 90.
Groupes Franc Motorisé de Cavalerie
The Groupes Franc Motorisé de Cavalerie or GFC was a type of autonomous unit of the French Army created during the Nazi Invasion. Taking inspiration for their name from the Corps Francs which had played an important role in the Phoney War, they were a very early attempt to create truly independent Combined Arms Combat Teams. Although little more than Company sized, they had organic Armored, Artillery, and Infantry elements all rolled into one small and highly mobile force. They were created somewhat out of desperation in response to the rapid German advance into France and operated as independent strike forces with great latitude of movement. Although they were found to be quite effective, their existence died with the Third Republic.

Ranks in the French Army
Rank insignia in the French Army are worn on the sleeve or on shoulder marks of uniforms, and range up to the highest rank of Marshal of France, a state honour denoted with a seven-star insignia that was last conferred posthumously on Marie Pierre Koenig in 1984.
Visibility
In meteorology, visibility is the measure of the distance at which an object or light can be clearly discerned. It depends on the transparency of the surrounding air and as such, it is unchanging no matter the ambient light level or time of day. It is reported within surface weather observations and METAR code either in meters or statute miles, depending upon the country. Visibility affects all forms of traffic: roads, railways, sailing and aviation.

The geometric range of vision is limited by the curvature of the Earth and depends on the eye level and the height of the object being viewed. In geodesy, the atmospheric refraction must be taken into account when calculating geodetic visibility.

Attenuation coefficient
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The (derived) SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1). Extinction coefficient is another term for this quantity, often used in meteorology and climatology. 
The attenuation length is the reciprocal of the attenuation coefficient.
Cowboys–Steelers rivalry
The Cowboys–Steelers rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers.

CBS Sports ranked this rivalry No. 2 of the best NFL rivalries of the 1970s. As the Cowboys are in the NFC and the Steelers are in the AFC, they usually only meet at least once every four years and at least once every eight seasons at each team's home stadium, sometimes more often if the two teams finish in the same place in their respective divisions in the year they do not play one another but met two years prior, play in the preseason, or meet in the Super Bowl.

The Cowboys lead the overall series, 18–16. The two teams have met three times in the playoffs, with the Steelers winning two out of the three Super Bowls against the Cowboys.

AFL–NFL merger
The AFL–NFL merger was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). It paved the way for the combined league, which retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become the most popular sports league in the United States. The merger was announced on the evening of June 8, 1966.

Under the merger agreement, the leagues maintained separate regular-season schedules for the next four seasons—from 1966 through 1969 with a final championship game which would become known as the Super Bowl—and then officially merged before the 1970 season to form one league with two conferences.
State Highway 30 (New Zealand)
State Highway 30 (SH 30) is a New Zealand state highway, linking the Waikato and Bay of Plenty towns of Te Kūiti, Mangakino, Rotorua, and Whakatāne.

At 219 kilometres, SH 30 is New Zealand's fifth longest provincial (two-digit) state highway, after SH 25, SH 35, SH 73, and SH 94. With the exception of SH 4, it has junctions with every national (one-digit) state highway in the North Island.

SH 30 has the most concurrencies of all the state highways. It shares sections with, from west to east, SH 32, SH 1, SH 5, SH 34 (albeit briefly), and SH 2.

State Highway 5 (New Zealand)
State Highway 5 (SH 5), one of New Zealand's eight national highways, runs from State Highway 1 at Tīrau, in the south Waikato, to State Highway 2, close to the Hawke's Bay coast at Bay View, 10 km north of Napier. It is the second shortest of the national highways.

SH 5 is a two-lane single carriageway, except for a two-kilometre section of dual carriageway in Rotorua, and has at-grade intersections and property accesses in both rural and urban areas. The NZ Transport Agency classifies SH 5 as a regional strategic highway, except for the section concurrent with SH 1 around Taupō, where it is classified as a national strategic road.
Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's team trap
The men's team clay pigeons was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on 6 and 7 July 1924 at the shooting ranges at Issy-les-Moulineaux. 69 shooters from 12 nations competed.

Note: The International Olympic Committee medal database shows all six team members as medalists. The shooters in italics were the weakest of their teams and their scores did not count for the team score.

Shooting at the 1924 Summer Olympics
At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, ten events in shooting were contested.  These would be the last Games in which team events were part of the Olympic shooting program. The competitions were held from 23 June 1924 to 9 July 1924 at the shooting ranges at Versailles, Reims, Camp de Châlons (Mourmelon), and Issy-les-Moulineaux.
Operation Ochsenkopf
Unternehmen Ochsenkopf (Operation Ox Head) also known as the Battle of Sidi Nsir and the Battle of Hunts Gap was an Axis offensive operation in Tunisia from 26 February to 4 March 1943, during the Tunisia Campaign of the Second World War. The offensive and a subsidiary operation Unternehmen Ausladung was intended to gain control of Medjez el Bab, Béja, El Aroussa, Djebel Abiod and a position known as Hunt's Gap, between the British First Army and the Axis Army Group Africa (Heeresgruppe Afrika/Gruppo d'Armate Africa). The offensive gained some ground, but none of the more ambitious objectives were achieved before the operation was called off due to increasing losses of infantry and tanks, particularly the heavy Tigers. Unternehmen Ochsenkopf was the last big Axis offensive by the 5th Panzer Army before the surrender of the Afrika Korps in May 1943.

Hull down
In sailing and warfare, to be hull down means that the upper part of a vessel or vehicle is visible, but the main, lower body (hull) is not; the term hull up means that all of the body is visible. The terms originated with sailing and naval warfare in which the curvature of the Earth causes an approaching vessel to be first visible "sails up". Beginning in the 20th century, hull down has also been used in armoured warfare.

In modern armoured warfare, hull down is a position taken up by an armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) so that its hull (the main part of the vehicle) is behind a crest or other raised ground, but its turret (or a superstructure or roof-mounted weapon) is exposed. Turret down is the position in which the vehicle's crew can observe forward from roof hatches, but the vehicle is completely hidden (usually a few metres further back from a hull-down position). The belly armour should not be exposed, because it is vulnerable to even modest antitank weapons.
Haren, Belgium
Haren (French: [aʁœn] ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈɦaːrə(n)] ⓘ; sometimes written Haeren in French) is a former municipality of Brussels, Belgium, that was merged into the City of Brussels in 1921. It is an outlying part of the municipality and is situated at the north-eastern edge of the Brussels-Capital Region, bordering Machelen outside the boundary. Haren's postal code is 1130.

In contrast to most of Brussels, Haren has maintained nearly as many Dutch-speakers as French-speakers and has preserved a somewhat rural appearance.

National Railway Company of Belgium
The National Railway Company of Belgium (Dutch: Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen, NMBS; French: Société nationale des chemins de fer belges, SNCB; German: Nationale Gesellschaft der Belgischen Eisenbahnen) is the national railway company of Belgium. The company formally styles itself using the Dutch and French abbreviations NMBS/SNCB. The corporate logo designed in 1936 by Henry van de Velde consists of the linguistically neutral letter B in a horizontal oval.
Run into the Light
Run into the Light is the second extended play by English singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding, released exclusively on the iTunes Store on 30 August 2010 by Polydor Records. The EP consists of six remixes of tracks from Goulding's debut studio album, Lights (2010), four of them being previously unreleased.

To mark her partnership with Nike, Goulding released a 30-minute-long mix titled Run into the Light through iTunes in September 2011. Mixed by Alex Metric, it is intended to be a soundtrack for running.

Biffco
Biffco is a music production and songwriting team from Brighton, England, formed by Richard "Biff" Stannard, Julian Gallagher and Ash Howes. The group have worked with a number of high-profile artists, including Kylie Minogue, One Direction, Atomic Kitten, Ellie Goulding, Leona Lewis, Little Mix, Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Will Young. They are also largely responsible for the rise of the Spice Girls, Five, and East 17. So far, Biffco have had 41 hit singles, including nine number-ones. Stannard and Howes also worked as music directors and show song producers on The X Factor since 2010.
Yafteh
Yafteh is a cave located at the foot of Yafteh Mountain in the western part of the Zagros Mountains range, northwest of Khoramabad, Lorestan Province (Western Iran). It is known for its Upper Paleolithic artefacts assigned to the Baradostian culture. It is part of the World Heritage site The Prehistoric Sites of the Khorramabad Valley (along with five other caves).

Khorramabad
Khorramabad (Persian: خرم‌آباد; [xorræmɒːˈbɒːd] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Situated in a scenic valley surrounded by mountains, the city lies approximately 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) east of the Iraqi border.
Sandersonia
Sandersonia is a monotypic genus of rhizomatous plant, belonging to the family Colchicaceae, the single species Sandersonia aurantiaca being native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Provinces) and Eswatini (Swaziland). Common names for S. aurantiaca include Christmas bells, golden lily of the valley,  Chinese lantern lily and Chinese lantern bulb. S. aurantiaca is a perennial plant of trailing growth that can reach 30 inches in height. The flowers are yellow or orange.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps
Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps (Korean: 조선여자근로정신대; Hanja: 朝鮮女子勤勞挺身隊) or Peninsula Women's Volunteer Corps (반도여자정신대; 半島女子挺身隊) was the Korean part of the Women's Volunteer Corps, which was created in April 1944 as a work group for Japanese and Korean women. Although its official purpose was to give women a chance to serve the Empire of Japan prior to marriage, it was a means to compel women to perform labour duties.

History of women in Korea
Women in North and South Korea share roots in patriarchal Confucian traditions but diverged significantly after World War II, with North Korea mobilizing women for state-building under communist ideology, emphasizing collective duty and some public roles, while South Korea saw women's movements fighting for rights against discriminatory laws, eventually fostering civilian-led feminism, though traditional roles persisted, leading to a lack of work–life balance in the country and recent anti-beauty activism.
Lucien Marmette
Lucien Marmette (10 May 1853 – 6 September 1935) was an itinerant Canadian-born labourer, cook, petty criminal, and fisherman who spent most of his adult life in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland, Australia. Over more than five decades he worked a variety of trades, was involved in several legal proceedings, and in 1889 was briefly declared “missing” by well-wishers in the Victorian district of Pine Grove.

Texas, Queensland
Texas is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region of Queensland, Australia. It is on the Queensland border with New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Texas had a population of 790 people.
Terra Invicta
Terra Invicta is a science fiction grand strategy video game developed by Pavonis Interactive and published by Hooded Horse for Windows that was released in January 2026, following an early access release in September 2022. The game is set during an alien invasion of Earth, and has players control a human faction and complete their geopolitical objectives while colonizing space. Terra Invicta represents the first game that developer Pavonis Interactive has developed independently after their previous modding work with Long War for XCOM: Enemy Unknown. Reception to the early access release has been generally positive.

Alien invasion
Alien invasion or space invasion is a common feature in science fiction stories and films, in which extraterrestrial lifeforms invade Earth to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether. It can be considered as a science-fiction subgenre of the invasion literature, expanded by H. G. Wells's seminal alien invasion novel The War of the Worlds, and is a type of 'first contact' science fiction.

Experts consider the prospects of an actual invasion of Earth by extraterrestrials to be extremely unlikely, due to the enormous cost in time and resources.
John Fox (Archdeacon of Winchester)
John Fox   was  an English priest in the 16th century.

Fox was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He held the living at Wroughton, Wiltshire. Fox was appointed an archdeacon of Winchester in 1519 and canon of Lincoln Cathedral in 1526. He died in 1530.

Archdeacon of Bournemouth
The archdeacon of Bournemouth is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Winchester. The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the archdeaconry, which consists of six deaneries in the southern part of the diocese: Bournemouth, Christchurch, Eastleigh, Lyndhurst, Romsey and Southampton. Before 2000, the title was archdeacon of Winchester.
David Davies (archdeacon of Llandaff)
Christianity portal

David Davies (1820 – June 1930) was Archdeacon of Llandaff from his appointment in 1924  until his death.

Born in Carmarthenshire, he was educated at  Llandovery College, Shrewsbury School and Jesus College, Oxford and ordained in 1882. After curacies in Conwy and Cardiff he held incumbencies in Newcastle, Bridgend, Canton, Cardiff and Dinas Powis. He was Surroage for the Diocese of Llandaff from 1907; and a Canon Residentiary at its Cathedral from 1914.

Llandovery College
Llandovery College (Welsh: Coleg Llanymddyfri) is a coeducational independent boarding and day school in Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The college consists of Gollop Preparatory, Senior School and Sixth Form. It was previously known as "Welsh College, Llandovery" and "Collegiate Institute" at various periods of its history.
Idem
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same".  It is commonly abbreviated as id.,
which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.

Id. is employed extensively in Canadian legislation and in legal documents of the United States to apply a short description to a section with the same focus as the previous.

Id. is masculine and neuter;  ead. (feminine) is the abbreviation for eadem, which also translates to "the same".

As an abbreviation, Id. always takes a period (or full stop) in both British and American usage (see usage of the full stop in abbreviations). Its first known use dates back to the 14th century.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
David Starr (wrestler)
Charles Max Barsky (born February 19, 1991), best known by his ring name David Starr, is an American bodybuilder and former professional wrestler.

He held championships and won tournaments for companies based in Australia, North America, France, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom. He was known for his charismatic demeanor and witty nicknames, which included "Your Favorite Wrestler's Favorite Wrestler", "The Physical Embodiment of Charisma", "The Jewish Cannon", and, most notably, "The Product".

Following sexual abuse allegations in 2020, Barsky denied the claims but announced he was immediately leaving the wrestling industry. He now works as a bodybuilder, and coach and judge for competitors.

Undisputed British Cruiserweight Championship
The Undisputed British Cruiserweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro/RPW) promotion. The title was created and debuted on 6 December 2008.Joe Lando is the current champion in his first reign. He won the title by defeating Nino Bryant at Live in London 102 on December 7, 2025, in London, England.
Urban biosphere reserve
An urban biosphere reserve is an attempt to apply the biosphere reserve concept to urban areas by the MAB Programme of UNESCO. Through urban planning and ecosystem management, an urban biosphere reserve is expected to support sustainable development and conservation. Brighton and Hove is bidding to become the world's first urban biosphere reserve.

The need for urban biosphere reserves has arisen as the number of people living in the world's cities has reached three billion, nearly half of the total population. By 2050 two-thirds of the total population will be living in the cities. The rapid expansion of the cities and of their populations pose a challenge for a viable global environment. Although some of the existing biosphere reserves include cities and towns, entirely urban-oriented biosphere reserves have yet to be included in the list.

World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated areas of high biological and cultural diversity, known as biosphere reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development). They are created under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB).