hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Copernican Question
The Copernican Question: Prognostication, Skepticism, and Celestial Order is a 704-page book written by Robert S. Westman and published by University of California Press (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London) in 2011 and in 2020 (paperback). The book is a broad historical overview of Europe's astronomical and astrological culture leading to Copernicus’s De revolutionibus and follows the scholarly debates that took place roughly over three generations after Copernicus.

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Giovanni Pico dei conti della Mirandola e della Concordia (/ˈpiːkoʊ ˌdɛlə mɪˈrændələ, -ˈrɑːn-/ PEE-koh DEL-ə mirr-A(H)N-də-lə, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni ˈpiːko della miˈrandola]; Latin: Johannes Picus de Mirandula; 24 February 1463 – 17 November 1494), known as Pico della Mirandola, was an Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. He is famed for the events of 1486, when, at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy, and magic against all comers, for which he wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance", and a key text of Renaissance humanism and of what has been called the "Hermetic Reformation". He was the founder of the tradition of Christian Kabbalah, a key tenet of early modern Western esotericism. The 900 Theses was the first printed book to be universally banned by the Church. Pico is sometimes seen as a proto-Protestant, because his 900 theses anticipated many Protestant views.
Ming-Fa Lin
Ming-Fa Lin (Chinese: 林明發; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Bîng-Huat; (1962-07-02)July 2, 1962 – August 14, 2023) was a Taiwanese theoretical physicist. He was a distinguished professor in the Department of Physics of National Cheng Kung University in Tainan, Taiwan. His main scientific interests focus on the essential properties of carbon-related materials and low-dimensional systems. He presided over more than 10 Ministry of Science and Technology research projects. He published more than 300 peer-reviewed articles and over 10 academic books. His research principles include innovation, uniqueness, diversity, completeness, and generalization.

National Tsing Hua University
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) is a national public research university in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Founded in Peking in 1911, it was re-established in Taiwan in 1956 following the Chinese Civil War.

The university is organized into twelve colleges, 26 departments, and 31 research institutes which collectively enroll more than 9,000 undergraduates and 9,000 graduate students. Its suburban campus neighbors the Hsinchu Science Park, a leading technology hub. As a member of the University System of Taiwan, it is affiliated with National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, National Central University and National Chengchi University.

The university's alumni include Nobel Prize laureates Yang Chen-Ning, Tsung-Dao Lee, and Yuan T. Lee.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)
Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is an aliphatic polycarbonate synthesized from the 6-membered cyclic carbonate, trimethylene carbonate (1,3-propylene carbonate or 1,3-Dioxan-2-one). Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) is a colorless crystalline solid with melting point ranging between 45°C and 48 °C and boiling point at 255°C (at 760 mmHg). TMC is originally synthesized from 1,3-propanediol with phosgene or carbon monoxide, which are highly poisonous gases. Another route is from the transesterification of 1,3-propanediol and dialkylcarbonates. This route is considered "greener" compared to the other one, since precursors can be obtained from renewable resources and carbon dioxide.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Psych-Out
Psych-Out is a 1968 American psychedelic film about hippies, psychedelic music and recreational drugs starring Susan Strasberg, Jack Nicholson (the film's leading man despite being billed under supporting player Dean Stockwell), Bruce Dern, Adam Roarke, and Max Julien. It was produced and released by American International Pictures. The film was directed by Richard Rush, and the cinematographer was László Kovács. The bands Strawberry Alarm Clock and The Seeds can be seen playing within the music and dance scenes throughout the film.

Psychedelic film
Psychedelic film is a film genre characterized by the influence of psychedelia and the experiences of psychedelic drugs. Psychedelic films typically contain visual distortion and experimental narratives, often emphasizing psychedelic imagery. They might reference drugs directly, or merely present a distorted reality resembling the effects of psychedelic drugs. Their experimental narratives often purposefully try to distort the viewers' understanding of reality or normality.
Slim Pickens
Louis Burton Lindley (June 29, 1919 – December 8, 1983), better known by his stage name Slim Pickens, was an American actor and rodeo performer. Starting off in the rodeo, Pickens took up acting, and appeared in dozens of movies and TV shows. For much of his career, Pickens played cowboy roles. He played comic roles in Dr. Strangelove, Blazing Saddles, 1941, and his villainous role in One-Eyed Jacks with Marlon Brando.

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series created, hosted and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, airing on CBS and NBC, alternately, between 1955 and 1965. It features dramas, thrillers, and mysteries. In 1962, it was renamed The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Hitchcock directed only 17 episodes during its run.

By the time the show premiered on October 2, 1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. In the 21st century, Time magazine named Alfred Hitchcock Presents as one of "The 100 Best TV Shows of All Time". The Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, tying it with Monty Python's Flying Circus, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it 18th on its list of 30 Best Horror TV Shows of All Time.
Liotrachela
Liotrachela is an Asian genus of sickle-bearing bush-crickets, in the tribe Holochlorini, erected by Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1878.  The known species distribution (probably incomplete) includes India, Indochina (only Vietnam) and much of Malesia (yet to be recorded in Borneo).

Tettigoniidae
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America) or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea.

Many species are nocturnal in habit, having strident mating calls and may exhibit mimicry or camouflage, commonly with shapes and colours similar to leaves.
Jankowice, Radomsko County
Jankowice [jankɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ładzice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Ładzice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Radomsko, and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Ładzice
Ładzice [waˈd͡ʑit͡sɛ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Ładzice. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Radomsko and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Hec Oakley
Hec Oakley (10 January 1909 – 19 December 1998) was an Australian cricketer. He played 28 first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1930 and 1939. He played for St. Kilda in Victorian district cricket from 1929 to 1948. Ross Oakley's father.

Ross Oakley
Ross Graham Oakley OAM (born 30 September 1942) is an Australian businessman and former Australian rules footballer with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is CEO of the Victorian Rugby Union and was appointed CEO of the now defunct Melbourne Rebels rugby union franchise in September 2010.
Gynecologic cancer disparities in the United States
Gynecologic cancer disparities in the United States refer to differences in incidence, prevalence, and mortality from gynecologic cancers between population groups. The five main types of gynecologic cancer include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. For patients with these and other gynecologic malignancies within the United States, disparities across the care continuum by socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic background have been previously identified and studied. The causes behind these disparities are multifaceted and a complex interplay of systemic differences in health as well as individual patient factors such as cultural, educational, and economic barriers.

Vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is an extraordinarily rare form of cancer that develops in the tissue of the vagina. Primary vaginal cancer originates from the vaginal tissue – most frequently squamous cell carcinoma, but primary vaginal adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma have also been reported – while secondary vaginal cancer involves the metastasis of a cancer that originated in a different part of the body. Secondary vaginal cancer is more common. Signs of vaginal cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, dysuria, tenesmus, or pelvic pain, though as many as 20% of women diagnosed with vaginal cancer are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Vaginal cancer occurs more frequently in women over age 50, and the mean age of diagnosis of vaginal cancer is 60 years. It often can be cured if found and treated in early stages. Surgery alone or surgery combined with pelvic radiation is typically used to treat vaginal cancer.
Mogorella
Mogorella, Mogoredda in Sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Oristano.

Mogorella borders the following municipalities: Albagiara, Ruinas, Usellus, Villa Sant'Antonio, and Villaurbana.

Oristano
Oristano (Italian: [oriˈstaːno] ⓘ; Sardinian: Aristanis [aɾiˈstanizi]) is the capital and largest city of the Province of Oristano in the central-western part of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. It is located on the northern part of the Campidano plain. It was established as the provincial capital on 16 July 1974. As of 2025, with a population of 30,007, Oristano is the 7th-largest city in Sardinia.

The economy of Oristano is based mainly on services, agriculture, tourism and small industries.
Chester teapot
The Chester teapot is billed as the "World's Largest Teapot", which measures 14 feet (4.3 m) in height by 14 feet (4.3 m) in diameter. Its current location is on the former site of a popular amusement park, Rock Springs Park (1897–1970), off an onramp along U.S. Highway 30 in the City of Chester in Hancock County, West Virginia.

Rock Springs Park
Rock Springs Park is a defunct amusement park once located in Chester, West Virginia, Hancock County. The park officially began operation in 1897, and closed in 1970 after the death of its final owner, Robert Hand. After four years of disuse, the land was bought by the state of West Virginia for the rerouting of U.S. Route 30 and the construction of the Jennings Randolph Bridge over the Ohio River.
Mount Ethelred
Mount Ethelred (70°4′S 69°29′W﻿ / ﻿70.067°S 69.483°W﻿ / -70.067; -69.483) is a mainly ice-covered mountain, 2,470 metres (8,100 ft) high, 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Ethelwulf and 8 nautical miles (15 km) inland from George VI Sound, in the Douglas Range of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The mountain was probably first observed by Lincoln Ellsworth, who photographed the east side of the Douglas Range from the air on November 23, 1935; its east face was roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition. It was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and named for Ethelred I, Saxon King of England, 865–871. The west face of the mountain was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the FIDS in 1960. Mount Ethelred is the seventh highest peak of Alexander Island, proceeded by Mount Calais.

Mount Calais
Mount Calais (69°11′S 70°15′W﻿ / ﻿69.183°S 70.250°W﻿ / -69.183; -70.250) is a massive mountain, 2,360 metres (7,700 ft) high, at the northwest side of Schokalsky Bay in the northeast part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first roughly surveyed in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for the French city of Calais. The mountain was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. Mount Calais is the eighth-highest point of Alexander Island while Mount Stephenson remains the highest of all the peaks.
Mu-Tron III
The Mu-Tron III is an envelope filter made by Musitronics Corporation. "The world's first envelope-controlled filter" was first made in 1972 by Mike Beigel and quickly became an essential effect for many funk musicians. It was produced again, in a modified version, in 2014.

Auto-wah
Auto-wah is a type of wah-wah effects pedal typically used with electric guitar, bass guitar, clavinet, and electric piano etc. The distinctive choppy rhythm guitar sound on many funk and disco recordings from the 1970s popularized the effect.
Honor Oak railway station
Honor Oak railway station was a station opened in December 1865 in Honor Oak, London by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway on the Crystal Palace and South London Junction Railway.  The line was built to carry passengers to The Crystal Palace  after its move from Hyde Park. The station featured two wooden platforms, and apart from two brief closures during World War I and World War II, it remained open until 1954 when the entire branch line was closed. The station was demolished around 1956–7 and afterwards the site has been redeveloped with housing.

Honor Oak railway station was about half a mile west of Honor Oak Park railway station which remains open.

Camberwell Cemeteries
The two Camberwell cemeteries located close to each other in Honor Oak, south London, England, are notable for their burials and architecture. They have been an important source of socioeconomic data documenting the historical growth and changing demography in the community for the Southwark area since 1855.
Korean Air Flight 085
On September 11, 2001, Korean Air Flight 085 (originating from Incheon International Airport in Seoul, South Korea) was en-route to Ted Stevens International Airport in Anchorage, Alaska, when information about the September 11 attacks was relayed to the crew. The ACARS reply message from the pilot in command included the letters "HJK", a prompt interpreted as a distress signal indicating that the flight had been hijacked. When ordered to squawk 7500 (a "hijack" code), the pilot complied, despite miscommunication that implied he would disregard the instruction.

Flight 085 was ordered to divert to Whitehorse International Airport in Canada's Yukon territory. U.S. officials and Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien authorized the aircraft to be shot down if it did not cooperate. The airliner pilots complied and the 747 landed safely in Whitehorse, with U.S. F-15 military jets escorting it. The suspected hijacking turned out to be a false alarm.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Primal Scream (Primal Scream album)
Primal Scream is the second studio album by Scottish rock band Primal Scream. It was released on 4 September 1989 in the United Kingdom by Creation Records and in the United States by Mercenary Records. Musically, it took a harder rock approach than their 1987 debut Sonic Flower Groove and did not achieve great success. However, the song "I'm Losing More Than I'll Ever Have" was later remixed to provide the breakthrough single "Loaded", which appeared on their much celebrated third album Screamadelica.

Sonic Flower Groove
Sonic Flower Groove is the debut studio album by the Scottish rock band Primal Scream, released on 5 October 1987 by Elevation Records. Mayo Thompson of Red Krayola was the producer of the album, after work with Stephen Street did not please the band. Musically, Sonic Flower Groove features psychedelic, Byrdsy jangle pop, being the only Primal Scream album to feature founding member Jim Beattie (credited as Jim Navajo).

The album sold well enough to reach number 62 on the UK Albums Chart, but performed poorly by major-label standards. The disappointment was a major reason for the original Primal Scream splitting up shortly after Sonic Flower Groove, leaving vocalist Bobby Gillespie and the guitar duo of Andrew Innes and Robert "Throb" Young to reorganize the band.
Rhyse Martin
Rhyse Martin (born 1 March 1993) is a Papua New Guinea international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League.

He previously played for the Leeds Rhinos and Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL and has captained Papua New Guinea at international level.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Blind mole
The blind mole (Talpa caeca), also known as the Mediterranean mole, is a mole found in the Mediterranean region. It is similar to the European mole, differing most prominently in having eyes covered with skin. It is found in Albania, France, Greece, Italy, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Turkey. It is typically carnivorous in nature. Individuals can grow up to 12 cm (4.5 in) in length.

European mole
The European mole (Talpa europaea) is a mammal of the order Eulipotyphla. It is also known as the common mole and the northern mole.

This mole lives in a tunnel system, which it constantly extends. It uses these tunnels to hunt its prey. Under normal conditions, the displaced earth is pushed to the surface, resulting in the characteristic molehills. It is an omnivore that feeds mainly on earthworms, but also on insects, centipedes and mammals such as rodents and other moles. Its saliva contains toxins which paralyze earthworms in particular.
Anhalonidine
Anhalonidine, also known as N-desmethylpellotine, a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid which can be isolated from certain members of the cactus family, such as Lophophora. It is structurally related to mescaline. Anhalonidine produced no hallucinogenic effects in humans at doses of up to 250 mg. However, it has been reported to have a calming or sedative effect instead, with about one-fourth the potency of pellotine and with marked sedation occurring at doses of 100 to 250 mg. Anhalonidine has been found to act as a potent inverse agonist of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Jirón Gamarra
Jirón Agustín Gamarra is one of the main streets of the district of La Victoria, also forming part of the neighbourhood of Barrios Altos, itself part of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. Over forty blocks long, it is best known for the Gamarra Commercial Emporium, which houses fashion stores and textile manufacturing workshops.

Barrios Altos
Barrios Altos is a neighbourhood which forms the eastern part of Lima District, part of the historic centre of the Peruvian city of Lima. It owes its name to the fact that, topographically, it is higher than the rest of the old part of the City, due to the elevation of the land that exists towards the Andes mountain range, which is evident in its streets to this day.

Despite its historical significance, the neighbourhood, in comparison to the Cercado de Lima, is in poor shape, as many buildings' façades are not maintained and the collapse of buildings in the area results in the terrains becoming abandoned instead of rebuilt. As a result, a project targeting the area has been announced by PROLIMA, the entity in charge of the project under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and the Municipality of Lima.
Spider (DC Comics)
"Alias the Spider" is a superhero feature from the Golden Age of Comic Books that appeared in Quality Comics' Crack Comics for nearly three years, starting with issue #1 in 1940. He was created by writer-artist Paul Gustavson.

The original Golden Age version of the character is in the public domain, but the rights to all subsequent versions are currently owned by DC Comics.

Starman (Jack Knight)
Starman (Jack Knight) is a superhero in the DC Comics Universe and a member of the Justice Society of America. He is the son of the original Starman, Ted Knight. Created by James Robinson and Tony Harris, he first appeared in Zero Hour #1 (September 1994).