hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freud's psychoanalytic theories
Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) is considered to be the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology, which looks to unconscious drives to explain human behavior. Freud believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions that it makes on the basis of psychological drives. The id, ego, and super-ego are three aspects of the mind Freud believed to comprise a person's personality. Freud believed people are "simply actors in the drama of [their] own minds, pushed by desire, pulled by coincidence. Underneath the surface, our personalities represent the power struggle going on deep within us".

Freudian slip
In psychoanalysis, a Freudian slip, also called parapraxis, is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that occurs due to the interference of an unconscious subdued wish or internal train of thought. Classical examples involve slips of the tongue, but psychoanalytic theory also embraces misreadings, mishearings, mistypings, temporary forgettings, and the mislaying and losing of objects.
Vlastimil Brodský
Vlastimil Brodský (15 December 1920 – 20 April 2002) was a Czech actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films, and is considered a key figure in the postwar development of Czech cinema.

One of his best-known roles was as the title character in Jakob der Lügner for which he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 25th Berlin International Film Festival. He also played the king in the hit children's TV series Arabela and as Alois Drchlík in The Visitors.

His final film role was as a pensioner named Frantisek in Autumn Spring. This role earned him his first and only Czech Lion (a prestigious film award), for best actor.

Silver Bear for Best Actor
The Silver Bear for Best Actor (German: Silberner Bär/Bester Darsteller) was an award presented at the Berlin International Film Festival from 1956 to 2020. It was given to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance and was chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival. Beginning with the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, the award was replaced with two gender-neutral categories: the Silver Bear for Best Leading Performance and the Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance.

At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival held in 1956, Burt Lancaster was the first winner of this award for his performance in Trapeze, and Elio Germano was the last winner in this category, for his role in Hidden Away at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival in 2020.
Dean Furman
Dean Furman (born 22 June 1988) is a South African professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for English side Warrington Rylands 1906. He has previously played for Scottish Premiership side Rangers, English League Two side Bradford City, League One sides Oldham Athletic and  Doncaster Rovers, and South African Premier Soccer League side SuperSport United.

He made his debut for the South Africa national team in 2012, representing the nation at three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and as of August 2020 had captained the team and won 56 caps, scoring four goals.

Nedbank Cup
The Nedbank Cup is the current name of South Africa's premier club soccer knockout tournament. While many formats have been used over the years, the tournament has always been based on the idea of giving lower league and amateur teams a chance to compete with clubs from the top league for the cup. The tournament is based on the English FA Cup, which has become known for "giant killings" (lower league clubs defeating a top-flight club).
Tel Qasile ostraca
The Tel Qasile ostraca are two small ostraca (pottery fragments with writing on them) found at Tell Qasile, then part of Mandatory Palestine, in 1945–46. The longer of the two ostraca is known as the Beth-horon sherd, on the basis of a possible reference to the biblical site of Bethoron. The Beth-horon sherd is now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

Ostracon
An ostracon (Greek: ὄστρακον ostrakon, plural ὄστρακα ostraka) is a piece of pottery, usually broken off from a vase or other earthenware vessel. In an archaeological or epigraphical context, ostraca refer to sherds or even small pieces of stone that have writing scratched into them. Usually these are considered to have been broken off before the writing was added; ancient people used the cheap, plentiful, and durable broken pieces of pottery around them as a convenient medium to write on for a wide variety of purposes, mostly very short inscriptions, but in some cases very long.
1989 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1989 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 94th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Feakle entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Sixmilebridge in the semi-finals.

The final was played on 22 October 1989 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Sixmilebridge and Clarecastle, in what was their first meeting in the final in five years. Sixmilebridge won the match by 3–14 to 1–11 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in five years.

1988 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1988 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 93rd staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 4 June to 11 September 1988.

Clarecastle entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Ruan in the semi-finals. Relegation was introduced to the championship for the first time.

The final was played on 11 September 1988 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Feakle and Ruan, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Feakle won the match by 1–17 to 1–10 to claim their sixth championship title overall and a first title in 44 years.
Universal parabolic constant
The universal parabolic constant is a mathematical constant.

It is defined as the ratio, for any parabola, of the arc length of the parabolic segment formed by the latus rectum to the focal parameter. The focal parameter is twice the focal length. The ratio is denoted P.
In the diagram, the latus rectum is pictured in blue, the parabolic segment that it forms in red and the focal parameter in green. (The focus of the parabola is the point F and the directrix is the line L.)

The value of P is

(sequence A103710 in the OEIS). The circle and parabola are unique among conic sections in that they have a universal constant. The analogous ratios for ellipses and hyperbolas depend on their eccentricities. This means that all circles are similar and all parabolas are similar, whereas ellipses and hyperbolas are not.

Eccentricity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape.
One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular:

The eccentricity of a circle is 0.

The eccentricity of a non-circular ellipse is between 0 and 1.

The eccentricity of a parabola is 1.

The eccentricity of a hyperbola is greater than 1.

The eccentricity of a pair of lines is

Two conic sections with the same eccentricity are similar.
Józef Cukier
Józef Cukier (14 November 1889, Zakopane – 22 April 1960, Zakopane) was one of the leaders of the Goralenvolk during World War II. Having been a president of the Highlander Union before the German invasion, he tried along with Wacław Krzeptowski to establish an independent state for his ethnic group by collaborating with the occupiers. The attempt failed due to lack of support among the local population. After the war, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for collaboration.

Zakopane
Zakopane (Podhale Goral: Zokopane) is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2017 its population was 27,266. Zakopane is a centre of Goral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland". It is a popular tourist destination for many types of mountain activities such as skiing, trekking, mountaineering and various forms of climbing.

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Gubałówka Hill. It is connected by rail and road to the provincial capital, Kraków. Zakopane lies 800–1,100 metres (2,600–3,600 ft) above sea level and centres on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.
Vrioni family
The Vrioni (Ottoman Turkish: Viryon Zâdeler) were an aristocratic Albanian family and one of the largest landowners of Albania, otherwise known as "Konaqe" or "Oxhaqe", among which the most important are: Vrioni of Berat and Fier, Vloraj of Vlora, Toptani of Tirana, Biçakçinjtë of Elbasan, Dino of Ioannina and Preveza, Vërlaci of Elbasan, Bushatllinjtë of Shkodra, Këlcyrajt of Këlcyra, Markagjonët of Mirdita, etc. Insignia titles held by members of these families, usually Pasha or Bey, corresponded to the assigned positions in the Ottoman administration, central or local, which are given by ferman or berat (decrees) by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Sami Vrioni
Sami Bey Vrioni (1876–1947) was an Albanian politician, diplomat, and a delegate at the Assembly of Vlora which declared the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He was a respected and powerful landowner in the Fier region of Albania.
Atemoztli
Atemoztli  is the sixteenth month of the Aztec calendar. It is also a festival  in the Aztec religion dedicated to Tlaloc and Tlaloque.

In the Otomi language, the festival was named Ancãndehe, meaning "descent of water", same as the Nahuatl name.

Aztec calendar
The Aztec or Mexica calendar is the calendrical system used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout the region.

The Aztec sun stone, often erroneously called the calendar stone, is on display at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
The actual Aztec calendar consists of a 365-day calendar cycle called xiuhpōhualli (year count), and a 260-day ritual cycle called tōnalpōhualli (day count). These two cycles together form a 52-year "century", sometimes called the "calendar round". The xiuhpōhualli is considered to be the agricultural calendar, since it is based on the sun, and the tōnalpōhualli is considered to be the sacred calendar.
AFC Câmpulung Muscel
Asociația Fotbal Club Câmpulung Muscel 2022, also known as AFC Câmpulung Muscel, or just Câmpulung Muscel, is a Romanian professional football club based in Câmpulung, Argeș County, which competes in Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football.

Founded in 1978 as CS Rucăr, the club moved to Câmpulung in 2022 and changed its name to Muscelul Câmpulung Elite following promotion from the 2021–22 season. Subsequently renamed AFC Câmpulung Muscel, the team earned promotion to Liga II for the first time in its history at the end of the 2023–24 season.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Lewisham West and Penge
Lewisham West and Penge was a constituency in Greater London created in 2010 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

The seat was abolished for the 2024 general election and replaced by parts of three other constituencies.

London Borough of Bromley
The London Borough of Bromley (/ˈbrɒmli/ ⓘ) is a borough in Greater London, England. It is the largest and southeasternmost borough in London, and borders the counties of Surrey and Kent, the latter of which it formed part until 1965. The borough's population in the 2021 census was 329,991. It is named after Bromley, its principal town. Other districts are Penge, Hayes, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Beckenham and Orpington. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council.
Gerhard Lauter
Gerhard Lauter was a former senior officer of the East German People's Police.

On 1 January 1989 Lauter started a new job, joining the Interior Ministry ("Home Office" / "Department of the Interior") as deputy head of the department responsible for the registration of citizens and for the issuance of passports and identity cards.   The transfer to the ministry  had come as a surprise, and the transfer away from the detective work, at which he evidently excelled, was unwelcome, but it would have been unusual (and unwise) to turn down a government job offer.   Rapid promotion within the department ensued.  In November of that year he played a central role in the events that led to the ending of the East German one-party dictatorship: one headline writer identified him in 2015 as "the "ghost-writer" [for the] Fall of the Berlin Wall".

Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Before the perestroika reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev that promoted a more liberal form of socialism, the formal ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was Marxism–Leninism, a form of socialism consisting of a centralised command economy with a vanguardist one-party state that aimed to realize the dictatorship of the proletariat. The Soviet Union's ideological commitment to achieving communism included the national communist development of socialism in one country and peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries while engaging in anti-imperialism to defend the international proletariat, combat the predominant prevailing global system of capitalism and promote the goals of Bolshevism. The state ideology of the Soviet Union – and thus Marxism–Leninism – derived and developed from the theories, policies, and political praxis of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, and Joseph Stalin.
Luweero Secondary School
Luweero Secondary School, also Luwero Secondary School, whose full name is Luweero Senior Secondary School, is a combined middle (Senior 1 to Senior 4) and high school (Senior 5 to Senior 6), in the town of Luweero, in Luweero District, in the Buganda Region of Uganda. The school is a Church of Uganda funded and owned, government-aided, mixed, day and boarding school.

Central Region, Uganda
The Central region is one of the four regions in the country of Uganda. As of Uganda's 2014 census, the region's population was 9,529,227. It is coterminous with the Kingdom of Buganda, one of the ancient African monarchies that are constitutionally recognised in Uganda.
2004 Billboard Music Awards
The 2004 Billboard Music Awards were held December 8, 2004 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on the Las Vegas Strip. The awards recognized the most popular artists and albums from 2004. Usher is the biggest winner of the night with thirteen awards and then Alicia Keys with seven.

MGM Grand Garden Arena
The MGM Grand Garden Arena is a 17,000-seat multi-purpose arena within the MGM Grand resort, located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The venue opened on December 31, 1993, with a concert by Barbra Streisand, and subsequent concerts by Luther Vandross, Anita Mui and Janet Jackson.
Cavalry tactics
For much of history, humans have used some form of cavalry for war and, as a result, cavalry tactics have evolved over time. Tactically, the main advantages of cavalry over infantry were greater mobility, a larger impact, and a higher riding position.

Longbow
A longbow is a type of tall bow that makes a long draw possible. Longbows for hunting and warfare have been made from many different woods in many cultures; in Europe they date from the Paleolithic era and, since the Bronze Age, were made mainly from yew, or from wych elm if yew was unavailable. The historical longbow was a self bow made of a single piece of wood, but modern longbows may also be made from modern materials or by gluing different timbers together.
Moose River Plains Wild Forest
The Moose River Plains Wild Forest is a 64,322-acre (100.5 sq mi; 260.3 km2) tract in the Adirondack Park in Hamilton and Herkimer counties in the state of New York in the United States of America; it is designated as Wild Forest by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

Hamilton County, New York
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,107, making it the least populous county in New York and its only county with fewer than 10,000 residents. With a land area nearly the size of Delaware, it is the least densely populated county east of the Mississippi River. Its county seat is Lake Pleasant.  The county was created in 1816 and organized in 1847. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Hamilton County is one of only two counties that lie entirely within the Adirondack Park (Essex being the other). There are no permanent traffic lights in the county, and much of the county has no cell phone service.
2015 BWF World Junior Championships – Teams event
The Teams event of the tournament 2015 BWF World Junior Championships is held on November 4–8. The defending champions were China, who defeated Indonesia in the previous edition.

China won the cup after defeating Indonesia 3–0 in the final.

2014 BWF World Junior Championships – Teams event
The Team event tournament of the 2014 BWF World Junior Championships was the sixteenth tournament of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held from April 7–11, 2014 in Alor Setar, Malaysia. According to the Badminton World Federation (BWF) 35 teams have confirmed their participation. The winner of the tournament would have Suhandinata Cup for about a year until the next BWF World Junior Championships Team Event is held.
Angles between flats
The concept of angles between lines (in the plane or in space), between two planes (dihedral angle) or between a line and a plane can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions. This generalization was first discussed by Camille Jordan. For any pair of flats in a Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension one can define a set of mutual angles which are invariant under isometric transformation of the Euclidean space. If the flats do not intersect, their shortest distance is one more invariant. These angles are called canonical or principal. The concept of angles can be generalized to pairs of flats in a finite-dimensional inner product space over the complex numbers.

Majorization
In mathematics, majorization is a preorder on vectors of real numbers. For two such vectors, , we say that  weakly majorizes (or dominates)  from below, commonly denoted  when

for all ,

where  denotes the th largest entry of . If  further satisfy , we say that  majorizes (or dominates) , commonly denoted .

Both weak majorization and majorization are partial orders for vectors whose entries are non-decreasing, but only a preorder for general vectors, since majorization is agnostic to the ordering of the entries in vectors, e.g., the statement  is simply equivalent to .

Specifically,  if and only if  are permutations of each other. Similarly for .

Majorizing also sometimes refers to entrywise ordering, e.g. the real-valued function f majorizes the real-valued function g when  for all  in the domain, or other technical definitions, such as majorizing measures in probability theory.
Liga Nacional B
The Liga Nacional B was the second tier of the Bolivian Football pyramid between 2011 and 2016. The inaugural season was scheduled to last from August 6, 2011 until April 8, 2012. In 2012–13 comprised the champions of the nine Bolivian Regional Leagues, two relegated teams from Liga Nacional A, the champions of Torneo Nacional Interprovincial and the top three of Copa Bolivia. The winners were promoted to the Liga Nacional A, while the second placed will compete a promotion/relegation playoff with the 13th placed from Liga Nacional A.

Teams had to use at least one U-19 player throughout any match; likewise, the number of non-Bolivian players was limited to a maximum of four players at any given point of a match.

Torneo Nacional Interprovincial
Torneo Nacional Interprovincial is the third tier of the Bolivian Football pyramid. In Torneo Nacional Interprovincial 2012 will comprise the champions of the nine provincial championship and the host team from Tarija. The winners will be promoted to the 2012–13 Liga Nacional B, while the second place will compete in Copa Bolivia.
Television in Poland
Television in Poland was introduced on an experimental basis in 1937. It was state owned, and was interrupted by the Second World War in 1939. Television returned to Poland in 1952 and for several decades was controlled by the communist government. Colour television was introduced in Poland in 1971. Private television stations in Poland appeared around the time of the fall of communism, with PTV Echo (once a member of the local channels of Polonia 1) becoming the first private station in Poland (and in the former Eastern Bloc).

Orange Polska
Orange Polska SA (formerly Telekomunikacja Polska) is a Polish telecommunications provider established in December 1991. It is a public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by Orange S.A., the latter controlling over 50% of this stake by 2002. It operates the following services: PSTN, ISDN, GSM 900/1800 network (+ 3G UMTS, 4G LTE and 5G NR), ADSL, IDSL, FTTH fibre Internet, Frame Relay, ATM and Inmarsat.
2019 Amstel Gold Race (women's race)
The sixth edition of the Amstel Gold Race for Women was a road cycling one-day race held on 21 April 2019 in the Netherlands. It was the seventh event of the 2019 UCI Women's World Tour. The race started in Maastricht and finished in Berg en Terblijt, containing 19 categorised climbs and covering a total distance of 127 km. It was won by Katarzyna Niewiadoma.

Amstel Gold Race (women's race)
The Amstel Gold Race is a one-day classic road cycling race held annually in the province of Limburg, Netherlands. Held in mid-April on the same day as the men's event, the race starts in Maastricht and finishes in Berg en Terblijt, Valkenburg. It features 21 categorized climbs, including four ascents of the Cauberg.

The race is the first of three Ardennes classics along with the Belgian La Flèche Wallonne Féminine and Liège–Bastogne–Liège Femmes.
Imjin River
The Imjin River (Korean: 임진강; South Korean spelling) or Rimjin (림진강; North Korean spelling) is the seventh-largest river in Korea. It flows from north to south, crossing the Demilitarized Zone and joining the Han River downstream of Seoul, near the Yellow Sea.

The river is not the namesake of the Imjin War (Japanese invasions in the late 16th century).

Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea (simplified Chinese: 黄海; traditional Chinese: 黃海; pinyin: Huáng Hǎi; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ; Korean: 황해; Hanja: 黃海; RR: Hwanghae), also known as the North Sea, is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula, and can be considered the northwestern part of the East China Sea.
Jaroslav Hašek
Jaroslav Hašek (Czech: [ˈjaroslaf ˈɦaʃɛk]; 3 April 1883 – 3 January 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian, first anarchist and then communist, and commissar of the Red Army against the Czechoslovak Legion. He is best known for his novel The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, an unfinished novel about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.

Humorist
A humorist is an intellectual who uses humor, or wit, in writing or public speaking. A raconteur is one who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way.

Henri Bergson writes that a humorist's work grows from viewing the morals of society.

The term comedian is generally applied to one who is performing to an audience for laughter.