hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1882 men's tennis season
The 1882 men's tennis season  incorporated 72 events. The Wimbledon Championships and Irish Championships was won by William Renshaw, the U.S. National Championships was won by Richard Sears collecting his second title. Other big winners were Richard Taswell Richardson picking up the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships and Ernest Renshaw winning the Princes Club Championships, The title leader this season was Robert W. Braddell winning 4 tournaments from 6 finals.

The season started in April in Brighton, England and ended in November in Melbourne, Australia.

Ernest Renshaw
Ernest James Renshaw (3 January 1861 – 2 September 1899) was a British tennis player who was active in the late 19th century.

Together with his twin brother William Renshaw, Ernest won the men's doubles at Wimbledon five times. He also won the singles championship at Wimbledon once, in 1888 and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1983. He won the singles title at the Irish Championships on four occasions (1883, 1887, 1888, 1892). Ernest was the older of the brothers by 15 minutes and half an inch taller.

The boom in popularity of the game during the 1880s due to the modern tennis style of the Renshaw brothers became known as the 'Renshaw Rush'.
Lågendalen
Lågendalen (English: Lågen Valley) is a valley located in eastern Norway.

Lågendalen forms the lower part of the valley through which the river Numedalslågen flows. The valley lies between the town of Kongsberg in Kongsberg Municipality in Buskerud county and the town of Larvik in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county. North of Kongsberg, the valley is known as Numedal.

The Lågendalen valley is relatively flat, characterized by farmland and wooded hills in both Kongsberg and Larvik municipalities. It includes the villages of Svarstad, Kvelde, Steinsholt, and Skollenberg. Lågendalen is most commonly known for potato cultivation and salmon fishing. Lågendalen is also the location of several Medieval era stone churches: Hedrum Church, Hem Church, Efteløt Church, and Hedenstad Church.

Svarstad
Svarstad is a village in Larvik Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located along the river Numedalslågen, approximately 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of the town of Larvik and about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of the village of Hvittingfoss in Kongsberg Municipality (in Buskerud county).

The 0.66-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2022) of 611 and a population density of 930 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,400/sq mi).

Historically, this village was the administrative centre of the municipality of Lardal which existed from 1838 until 2018 when it became part of Larvik Municipality.

Svarstad Church (built in 1657) is located in the village. Holemyra is a small forested area located on the east side of Svarstad. It is a popular picnic and hiking area for local residents. The Svarstad ski center is located just west of Svarstad. It has several ski slopes for both children and adults.
Cestia gens
The gens Cestia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome during the later Republic, and in imperial times.  The first member of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Cestius Gallus in AD 35.  The family's name is commemorated on two monuments, the Pons Cestius and the Pyramid of Cestius which survive into modern times.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Tubificida
Tubificida is an order of annelids belonging to the class Clitellata.

Families:

Dorydrilidae

Naididae Ehrenberg, 1828

Narapidae

Opistocystidae  Cernosvitov, 1936

Parvidrilidae  Erséus, 1999

Phreodrilidae

Propappidae Coates, 1986

Clitellata
The Clitellata are a class of annelid worms, characterized by having a clitellum – the 'collar' that forms a reproductive cocoon during part of their life cycles. The clitellates comprise around 8,000 species.  Unlike the class of Polychaeta, they do not have parapodia and their heads are less developed.
Włodzimierz Sedlak
Włodzimierz Sedlak (Polish pronunciation: [vwɔˈd͡ʑi.mjɛʂ sɛdlak]) (born 31 October 1911 in Sosnowiec, and died on 17 February 1993 in Radom) was a Polish priest, professor at John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, father of Polish bioelectronics and electromagnetic theory of life.

He was an Honorary citizen of Sosnowiec, Radom and Skarżysko-Kamienna.

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Polish: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Latin: Universitas Catholica Lublinensis Ioannis Pauli II, abbreviation KUL) is a university in Lublin, Poland, established in 1918.
Ajacán Mission
The Ajacán Mission (Spanish pronunciation: [axaˈkan]) (also Axaca, Axacam, Iacan, Jacán, Xacan) was a Spanish attempt in 1570 to establish a Jesuit mission in the vicinity of the Virginia Peninsula to show Christianity to the Virginia Native Americans. The effort to found St. Mary's Mission predated the founding of the English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia, by about 36 years. In February 1571, the entire party was massacred by natives, except for Alonso de Olmos. The following year, a Spanish party from Florida went to the area, rescued Alonso, and killed several native Americans in retaliation.

Francis Borgia
Francis Borgia, SJ (Valencian: Francesc de Borja; Spanish: Francisco de Borja; 28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a Spanish Jesuit priest. The great-grandson of both Pope Alexander VI and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, he was Duke of Gandía and a grandee of Spain. After the death of his wife, Borgia renounced his titles and became a priest in the Society of Jesus, later serving as its third superior general. He was canonized on 20 June 1670 by Pope Clement X.
Maghrebi communities of Paris
The Paris metropolitan area has a large Maghrebi population as a result of French colonial ties to that region. the majority of those of African origin living in Paris come from the Maghreb.

In 2019, the Paris Region had 330,935 Algerians, 253,518 Moroccans and 127,827 Tunisians. in addition, there are thousands of Maghrebi Jews who immigrated during the 1960s.

Naomi Davidson, author of Only Muslim: Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France, wrote that as of the mid-20th Century "The "community" of Algerians, Moroccans, and Tunisians, however, was certainly not monolithic, as even the police acknowledged in their discussion of the North African "populations" of the Paris region".

Algerians
Algerians (Arabic: الجزائريون, romanized: al-Jazāʾiriyyūn, pronounced [al‿dʒaˈzaːʔirijˌjuːn]) are the citizens and nationals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. The majority of the country's population is composed of Arabs who make up 85% of the population, and there is a Berber minority of 15%. The term also applies more broadly to any people who are of Algerian nationality, sharing a common culture and identity, as well as those who natively speak Algerian Arabic or other languages of Algeria.

In addition to the approximately 46 million residents of Algeria, there is a large Algerian diaspora as part of the wider Arab diaspora. Considerable Algerian populations can be found in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as non-Arab countries such as the United States, and Canada.
Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP)
In enzymology, a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) (EC 2.7.7.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate  phosphate + GDP-mannose

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GDP and alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are phosphate and GDP-mannose.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.

Nucleotidyltransferase
Nucleotidyltransferases are transferase enzymes of phosphorus-containing groups, e.g., substituents of nucleotidylic acids or simply nucleoside monophosphates. The general reaction of transferring a nucleoside monophosphate moiety from A to B, can be written as:

A-P-N + B  A + B-P-N

For example, in the case of polymerases, A is pyrophosphate and B is the nascent polynucleotide.
They are classified under EC number 2.7.7 and they can be categorised into:

Uridylyltransferases, which transfer uridylyl- groups

Adenylyltransferases, which transfer adenylyl- groups

Guanylyltransferases, which transfer guanylyl- groups

Cytitidylyltransferases, which transfer cytidylyl- groups

Thymidylyltransferases, which transfer thymidylyl- groups
Breda M37
The Mitragliatrice Breda calibro 8 modello 37 (commonly known as the Breda mod. 37 or simply Breda 37/M37 and also just M37) was an Italian heavy machine gun produced by Breda and adopted in 1937 by the Royal Italian Army. It was the standard heavy machine gun for the Royal Italian Army during World War II, and continued to be used by the Italian Army after the conflict. Post-war, it was also used during the early stages of the Portuguese Colonial War until it was replaced by the MG42/59. The M37 remained in service or kept in strategic storage with a handful of African countries until the late 1980s.

The weapon was also adopted by the Marines and Blackshirt militia. Some guns were also supplied to Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War and to Italian-trained Ustaše troops during WWII.

Ian V. Hogg
Ian Vernon Hogg (1 January 1926 – 7 March 2002) was a British author of books on firearms, artillery, ammunition, and fortification, as well as biographies of several famous general officers. During his career he wrote, co-wrote, edited, or co-edited about 150 books and sold well over 1 million copies.
Operation 40
Operation 40 was the code name for a top-secret Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored counterintelligence and counterinsurgency group composed of CIA officers and anti-Castro Cuban exiles. The group was established in 1960 to target the new communist regime in Cuba, and it participated in the planning and execution of the Bay of Pigs Invasion. If the invasion had proved successful, the group would have aided in forming a right-wing government while purging Castro supporters and other left dissidents. In the 1960s, Operation 40 continued to function unofficially in Florida as a counterintelligence unit. It was disbanded in the early 1970s due to allegations that Operation 40 personnel were involved in cocaine and heroin smuggling.

Richard M. Bissell Jr.
Richard Mervin Bissell Jr. (September 18, 1909 – February 7, 1994) was an American Central Intelligence Agency officer responsible for major projects such as the U-2 spy plane and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. The journalist Annie Jacobsen said he was referred to by many as "the mayor of Area 51" due to his close involvement in turning that Nevada salt flat into a top-secret U-2 testing facility.
Douglas Peak (New Zealand)
Douglas Peak is a 3,077 metres (10,095 ft) high mountain in the Southern Alps on the South Island of New Zealand. It is located few kilometres northeast of the second highest mountain of the country, the 3,497 metres (11,473 ft) high Mount Tasman. The mountain lies in between the Three-thousanders Mount Haidinger in the south and Glacier Peak northeast. To the west are tributary glaciers of the Fox Glacier, to the east tributaries of the Tasman Glacier.

The mountain's peak forms part of the border between New Zealand's West Coast and Canterbury Regions.

Fox Glacier
Fox Glacier (Māori: Te Moeka o Tuawe; officially Fox Glacier / Te Moeka o Tuawe) is an 11.7-kilometre-long (7.3 mi) (2022) temperate maritime glacier located in Westland Tai Poutini National Park on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Like nearby Franz Josef Glacier, Fox Glacier is one of the most accessible glaciers in the world, with a terminal face as low as 300 m above sea level, close to the village of Fox Glacier. It is a major tourist attraction and about 1000 people daily visit it during high tourist season.
Sindhu Darshan Festival
Sindhu Darshan Festival is a festival held in Leh, Ladakh, India. The festival is held every year in June on the full moon day of Guru Purnima. On this day, devotees gather near the banks of the Indus River, which is known as the Sindhu River in India. Since 1997, the festival has stretched for three days, attracting large numbers of foreign and domestic tourists.

The Sindhu Darshan Festival is held as a celebration of the River Sindhu, as the river is an important historical icon in India and has been worshiped since the times of Ancient India. The Bollywood film Dil Se was shot during the first Sindhu Darshan Festival in October 1997.

Guru Purnima
Guru Purnima (Sanskrit: गुरुपूर्णिमा, romanized: Gurupūrṇimā) is a religious festival dedicated to offering respect to spiritual and academic gurus. It is celebrated as a festival in India, Nepal and Bhutan by Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists. It is observed on the full moon day (Purnima) in the month of Ashadha (June–July) according to the Hindu calendar. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, because it marks the birthday of Veda Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata and compiler of the Vedas.
Michael Chowen
Michael David Lincoln Chowen CBE DL is a British businessman and philanthropist.

Michael Chowen studied civil engineering at Birmingham University from 1958 to 1961. Chowen was the founder of Sussex Stationers. He has donated to a number of educational organisations including to the University of Brighton to set up a research project to reduce greenhouse gases. Chowen was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Brighton for his philanthropic activities in education. He was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of the University by the University of Sussex. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for charitable services. He is a Deputy Lieutenant of East Sussex for the Brighton and Hove area.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
Connor Van Scoyoc
Connor John Van Scoyoc (born November 26, 1999) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Washington Nationals organization. He was originally drafted by the Los Angeles Angels in the 11th round of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft.

Arizona Complex League Angels
The Arizona Complex League Angels are a professional baseball team competing as a Rookie-level affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels in the Arizona Complex League (ACL) of Minor League Baseball. The team plays its home games at Tempe Diablo Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other countries.

The ACL Angels won the ACL championship in 2025.
Kardze Town
Kardze
or Garzê (Tibetan: དཀར་མཛེས, Wylie: dkar mdzes, THL: kar dzé), called Ganzi in Chinese (Chinese: 甘孜; pinyin: Gānzī), is a town and county seat in Kardze County, Kardze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan Province, China.  Despite Kardze Prefecture being named after the town, the prefecture capital is Kangding, 365 km to the southeast. As of 2010, Kardze was home to 16,920 inhabitants. Kardze is an ethnic Tibetan township and is located in the historical Tibetan region of Kham. It contains the 15th century Kandze Monastery, home to over 500 Gelugpa monks.

Kangding
Kangding (Chinese: 康定), also known as Dartsedo (Tibetan: དར་རྩེ་མདོ།), is a county-level city and the seat of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province of Southwest China. Kangding is on the bank of the Zheduo River and has been considered the historical border between the Kham region of Tibet and the Sichuan region. Kangding's urban center is called Lucheng, which has around 134,000 inhabitants.
Military–industrial complex
The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the relationship between the military and the defense corporations is that both sides benefit—one side from obtaining weapons, and the other from being paid to supply them.

The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the armed forces of the United States, where the relationship is most prevalent due to close links among defense contractors, the Department of Defense, and politicians. The expression gained popularity after a warning of the relationship's harmful effects, in the farewell address of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1961. The term has also been used in relation to Russia, especially since its 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

C. Wright Mills
Charles Wright Mills (August 28, 1916 – March 20, 1962) was an American sociologist, and a professor of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962. Mills published widely in both popular and intellectual journals, and is remembered for several books, such as The Power Elite, White Collar: The American Middle Classes, and The Sociological Imagination. Mills was concerned with the responsibilities of intellectuals in post–World War II society, and he advocated public and political engagement over disinterested observation. One of Mills's biographers, Daniel Geary, writes that Mills's writings had a "particularly significant impact on New Left social movements of the 1960s era." It was Mills who popularized the term "New Left" in the U.S., in a 1960 open letter "Letter to the New Left".
Carex oligostachya
Carex oligostachya is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of Asia and Malesia from Assam in the west to the Solomon Islands in the east.

It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1854 as published in Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany.

Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (14 February 1776 – 16 March 1858) was a prolific German botanist, physician, zoologist, and natural philosopher. He was a contemporary of Goethe and was born within the lifetime of Linnaeus. He described approximately 7,000 plant species (almost as many as Linnaeus himself). His last official act as president of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina was to admit Charles Darwin as a member. He was the author of numerous monographs on botany and zoology and majority of his best-known works deal with fungi. The standard author abbreviation Nees is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Favorita (grape)
Favorita is a white Italian wine grape grown primarily in the Piedmont region. It is most widely planted on the left bank of the Tanaro river in the Roero district near Alba, though some plantings exist on the right bank of the Tanaro in the Langhe hills. Recent DNA profiling shows that Favorita is related to the Liguria grapes Pigato and Vermentino, which may support the theory that the grape originated there. Since the late 20th century, plantings of Favorita have been on the decline as Chardonnay and Arneis have increased in popularity among producers on the right and left bank of the Tanaro respectively. Featuring larger berry sizes than most wine grapes, Favorita has been a popular table grape in Piedmont.

Vermentino
Vermentino is a light-skinned wine grape variety, primarily found in Italian wine. It is widely planted in Sardinia, Liguria and Tuscany, to some extent in Corsica, in Piedmont under the name Favorita, and in increasing amounts in Languedoc-Roussillon. The leaves are dark green and pentagonal. The grapes are amber-yellow and hang in pyramidal bunches. The vines are often grown on slopes facing the sea where they can benefit from the additional reflected light. The Vitis International Variety Catalogue now gives Italy as its origin.

The most famous wine made from Vermentino is probably the DOCG Vermentino di Gallura (and Vermentino di Gallura Superiore), which is produced in the province of Olbia-Tempio, in the north of Sardinia. The grape is said to have been cultivated in this part of Gallura, often under the name Arratelau, since the 14th century. Elsewhere on the island, the grape is used for a variety of white wines, including sweet and sparkling variants.
2019 Quezon local elections
Local elections were held in the Province of Quezon on May 13, 2019 as part of the 2019 general election.  Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the four districts of Quezon.

2019 Philippine general election
The 2019 Philippine general election was conducted on May 13, 2019. A midterm election, those elected therein took office on June 30, 2019, midway through the term of President Rodrigo Duterte.

The following positions were contested:

12 seats in the Senate of the Philippines

All seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines

All governors, vice governors and regular members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Councils) in the provinces of the Philippines

All mayors, vice mayors and regular members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Councils) or Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Councils) in the cities or municipalities of the Philippines

Under the Local Government Code and the 1987 constitution, all terms start on June 30, 2019, and end on June 30, 2022, except for elected senators, whose terms shall end on June 30, 2025. The Commission on Elections administered the election.