hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argos (satellite system)
Argos is a global satellite-based system that collects, processes, and disseminates (spreads, distributes) environmental data from fixed and mobile platforms around the world. The worldwide tracking and environmental monitoring system is the results from Franco-American cooperation. In addition to satellite data collection, the main feature of the Argos system is its to ability to geographically locate the data source from any location on Earth using the Doppler effect; which refers to the apparent change in the wavelength due to relative motion between its source and observer. Argos is operated by CLS, based in Toulouse, France, and its United States subsidiary, Woods Hole Group.

Geopositioning
Geopositioning is the process of determining or estimating the geographic position of an object or a person.
Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude) in a given map datum. Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark.
The resulting geoposition is sometimes referred to as geolocation, and the process of geopositioning may also be described as geo-localization.
In turn, positions can be used to determine a more easily understandable location, such as a street address (see reverse geocoding).

Specific instances include:

animal geotracking, the process of inferring the location of animals over time;

positioning system, the mechanisms for the determination of geographic positions in general;

internet geolocation, geolocating a device connected to the internet;

and mobile phone tracking.
Old Romagnol
Old Romagnol is the earliest recorded form of the Romagnol language, spoken in the Romagna part of the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy, and San Marino. It was the form of Romagnol spoken around the early modern period.

Belonging to the Gallo-Italic languages, it was related to most of the languages of Northern Italy, such as Lombard, Piedmontese, and Ligurian. It developed from Vulgar Latin, just like all other Romance languages. In the 20th century, Romagnol had started to flourish, marking the end of the Old Romagnol era.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Lu Kang (Eastern Wu)
Lu Kang (226 – August or September 274), courtesy name Youjie, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Lu Xun, the third Imperial Chancellor of Wu. Lu Kang inherited his father's mantle but was less involved in politics as he served mainly in the Wu military. He rose to prominence during the reign of the fourth and last Wu emperor, Sun Hao. In 272, he successfully suppressed a rebellion by Bu Chan and fended off invading forces from Wu's rival, the Jin dynasty. After the Battle of Xiling, he actively pursued a policy of détente with the Jin general Yang Hu at the Wu–Jin border. At the same time, he constantly submitted memorials to Sun Hao, urging the tyrannical emperor to change his ways and govern with benevolence, but his advice fell on deaf ears. In 280, about six years after Lu Kang's death, the Jin dynasty launched a campaign against Wu and conquered it within six months.

Gong'an County
Gong'an County (simplified Chinese: 公安县; traditional Chinese: 公安縣; pinyin: Gōng'ān Xiàn) is a county in southern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hunan to the south. It is under the administration of Jingzhou City.
Sigmaringen
Sigmaringen (German pronunciation: [ˈziːkmaʁɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Semmerenga) is a town in southern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Situated on the upper Danube, it is the capital of the Sigmaringen district.

Sigmaringen is renowned for its castle, Schloss Sigmaringen, which was the seat of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1850 and is still owned by the Hohenzollern family.

Sigmaringen (district)
Sigmaringen is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Reutlingen, Biberach, Ravensburg, Bodensee, Constance,
Tuttlingen, and Zollernalbkreis.
Jennifer Safavian
Jennifer McLaughlin Safavian is an American lawyer, trade association executive, and former Congressional committee staff member. She is currently the president and CEO of Autos Drive America, a trade association representing the U.S. operations of international auto manufacturers doing business in the United States.

United States Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel
The Office of Special Counsel was an office of the United States Department of Justice established by provisions in the Ethics in Government Act that expired in 1999. The provisions were replaced by Department of Justice regulation 28 CFR Part 600, which created the successor office of special counsel. The current regulations were drafted by former acting solicitor general Neal Katyal.

The independent counsel was an independent prosecutor—distinct from the attorney general of the United States Department of Justice—who provided reports to the United States Congress under 28 U.S.C. § 595.
Hans Kristian Seip (forester)
Hans Kristian Seip (30 June 1920 – 8 October 2012) was a Norwegian forester.

He was born in Molde. He was a professor at the Norwegian College of Agriculture from 1955 to 1966, State Secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture from 1966 to 1967 and director in the same ministry from 1967 to 1983. He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Coccocarpia delicatula
Coccocarpia delicatula is a species of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Coccocarpiaceae. Known only from the Galápagos Islands and Réunion, it was described as new to science in 2011. Characterised by its rounded, foliose thallus and unique cylindrical isidia, this lichen is similar in appearance to Coccocarpia domingensis but has distinct differences in isidia shape and arrangement. Found on the bark and wood of dead twigs, Coccocarpia delicatula thrives in sunny, wind- and rain-exposed environments.

Coccocarpiaceae
The Coccocarpiaceae are a family of lichen-forming in the order Peltigerales. There are three genera and about 60 species in the family. Species in this family have a widespread distribution, including boreal and austral regions.
Maturity (geology)
In petroleum geology, the maturity of a rock is a measure of its state in terms of hydrocarbon generation. Maturity is established using a combination of geochemical and basin modelling techniques.

Rocks with high total organic carbon, (termed source rocks), will alter under increasing temperature such that the organic molecules slowly mature into hydrocarbons (see diagenesis). Source rocks are therefore broadly categorised as immature (no hydrocarbon generation), sub-mature (limited hydrocarbon generation), mature (extensive hydrocarbon generation) and overmature (most hydrocarbons have been generated).

The maturity of a source rock can also be used as an indicator of its hydrocarbon potential. That is, if a rock is sub-mature, then it has a much higher potential to generate further hydrocarbons than one that is overmature.

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
Shanghai United F.C.
Shanghai United F.C (Chinese: 上海联城足球俱乐部) was a Chinese professional football club based in Shanghai, who last played in the 16,000 seater Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium in the Chinese Super League. The club was founded by Dalian Shide F.C. on 1 February 2000 and was originally known as Dalian Sidelong. The club was initially used as youth team who were allowed to compete in the Chinese football league pyramid until the club was eventually sold to businessman Zhu Jun, the owner of China's second-largest online gaming company The9 in 2005. He moved the club to Shanghai until 2007 when he bought a majority share of inner-city rivals Shanghai Shenhua, thus began to merge the two clubs. Shanghai United no longer exists in name and is replaced by Shanghai Shenhua.

Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium
The Yuanshen Sports Centre Stadium (simplified Chinese: 源深体育中心体育场; traditional Chinese: 源深體育中心體育場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shanghai. It is currently used mostly for association football matches. The stadium has a maximum seating capacity for 16,000 spectators.

Apart from the stadium there is a 5,000 seater Yuanshen Gymnasium which hosted Shanghai Sharks until 2021 and swimming pool.
KZAP (FM)
KZAP (96.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Paradise, California, United States, with studios and offices in and broadcasting to the Chico, California, area. KZAP airs a classic hits format.

Paradise, California
Paradise is an incorporated town in Butte County, California, United States, in the Sierra Nevada foothills above the northeastern Sacramento Valley. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 4,764, a decline of over 80% from the 26,218 residents recorded in the 2010 census.

On November 8, 2018, a major wildfire, the Camp Fire, destroyed most of Paradise and much of the adjacent communities of Magalia, Butte Creek Canyon, and Concow. In November 2023, it was reported that there were a little over 9,000 residents living in Paradise. Over 2,500 new structures have also been built, with more construction ongoing.
Ethan Pringle
Ethan Pringle (born May 30, 1986, in San Francisco, California) is an American rock climber with notable ascents in sport climbing (his 2015 repeat of Jumbo Love, the world's first 9b-graded route); in traditional climbing (his 2016 ascent of Blackbeard's Tears, one of the world's hardest traditional climbs); and in bouldering.  He has also been active in competition climbing, winning the American national competition lead climbing championships in both youth and adult formats, and silver at the World Youth Championships.

USA Climbing
USA Climbing is the national governing body of the sport of competition climbing in the United States. As a 501(c)3 non-profit, they promote Sport Climbing which comprises three competition disciplines: bouldering, lead climbing, and speed climbing, in elite, youth and collegiate formats.

USA Climbing receives sanctioning and is recognized by the following organizations: the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC), the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee.
Freeman Brown
Freeman Brown (January 31, 1845 – December 27, 1916) was an American Major League Baseball manager for the 1882 Worcester Worcesters baseball team in the National League. Going into the season, Brown had pledged to field a team of "good character" and replaced most of the previous season's roster. He managed the team for 41 games, with a record of 9 wins and 32 losses before he was fired and replaced by Tommy Bond, who was one of the team's outfielders.

Outside of baseball, he worked for the newspapers the Worcester Spy and Worcester Telegram, as well as serving as clerk of the overseers of the poor for 25 years. He died in Worcester, Massachusetts on December 27, 1916.

Tommy Bond (baseball)
Thomas Henry Bond (April 2, 1856 – January 24, 1941) was an Irish-born Major League Baseball player who was a pitcher and a right fielder for a total of ten seasons. A native of Granard, Ireland, he is the first man born in Ireland to play Major League Baseball. Bond was also the last survivor of the National League's first season (1876).
Earl of Lonsdale
Earl of Lonsdale is a title that has been created twice in British history, firstly in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1784 (becoming extinct in 1802), and then in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1807, both times for members of the Lowther family.

Henry Lowther (politician)
Colonel Henry Cecil Lowther, DL, JP (27 July 1790 – 6 December 1867) was an English Conservative politician and an amateur cricketer who played from 1819 to 1843. His long service in the House of Commons saw him become the Father of the House.
Dodangaslanda Electoral District
Dodangaslanda electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Dodangaslanda in Kurunegala District, North Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Dodangaslanda electoral district was replaced by the Kurunegala multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Kurunegala Electoral District
Kurunegala electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Kurunegala in the North Western province. The district currently elects 15 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,183,649 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 15.
Bog of Allen
The Bog of Allen (Irish: Móin Alúine) is a large raised bog in the centre of Ireland between the rivers Liffey and Shannon.

The bog's 958 square kilometres (370 square miles) stretch into counties Offaly, Meath, Kildare, Laois, and Westmeath. Peat is mechanically harvested on a large scale by Bórd na Móna, the government-owned peat production industry. The area has kilometres of narrow gauge industrial railways for transporting turf to processing plants and turf powered power plants. In addition, the cutover portions are used as area for grazing. The bog is crossed by the Grand Canal and the Royal Canal.

Bord na Móna
Bord na Móna (Irish: [ˌbˠoːɾˠd̪ˠ nˠə ˈmˠoːnˠə]; English: "The Peat Board") is a semi-state company in Ireland.

The company was created by the Turf Development Act of 1946 to mechanize the harvesting of peat to boost the economy of Midlands communities and the energy security of the recently formed Irish Republic.

Over the years, Bord na Móna has expanded and diversified its portfolio of businesses to include biomass procurement and supply, power generation (peat-based and renewable), waste recovery, domestic fuel products, professional and consumer horticulture products, eco-tourism, and community amenities.

In 2015, the company announced that it will stop harvesting peat for power generation by 2030, but will continue to do so for their horticulture and fuels businesses. Some have criticised the state subsidies for the company and the extraction of turf as the most environmentally unfriendly form of fuel and hurting local biodiversity.
Vance Toner
Vance Toner CM (born April 10, 1926 - died April 19, 2005) born in Riverview, New Brunswick was a Canadian sports and recreation director for the Université de Moncton. He was the creator and original director of the Université de Moncton physical education and recreation along with the Institute of Leadership. Toner received a Master of Science. He was appointed as a Member of the Order of Canada on April 17, 1997. Toner died on April 19, 2005.

Université de Moncton
The Université de Moncton is a Canadian French-language university in New Brunswick. It includes campuses in Edmundston, Moncton, and Shippagan.

The university was founded in 1963 following the recommendations of the royal commission on higher education in New Brunswick. Since then, the institution has been widely regarded as the heir to several Acadian institutions of higher learning such as the Collège Saint-Joseph.

The university offers training and research in the fields of business, arts, social sciences, law, engineering, sciences, health, social work, community services and education. Students come from New Brunswick, other provinces in Canada and internationally. The University offers nearly 198 programs in the three cycles of study.
Lardil language
Lardil, also spelled Leerdil or Leertil, is a moribund language spoken by the Lardil people on Mornington Island (Kunhanha), in the Wellesley Islands of Queensland in northern Australia. Lardil is unusual among Aboriginal Australian languages in that it features a ceremonial register, called Damin (also Demiin). Damin is regarded by Lardil-speakers as a separate language and has the only phonological system outside Africa to use click consonants.

Stolen Generations
The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals of those referred to as "half-caste" children were conducted in the period between approximately 1905 and 1967, although in some places mixed-race children were still being taken into the 1970s.

Official government estimates are that in certain regions between one in ten and one in three Indigenous Australian children were forcibly taken from their families and communities between 1910 and 1970.

The Bringing Them Home Royal Commission report (1997) described the Australian policies of removing Aboriginal children as genocide.
Grogol Reformasi (Transjakarta)
Grogol Reformasi is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station on Letnan Jenderal S. Parman Street, Tanjung Duren Utara, Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta, Indonesia, serving Corridors 8 and 9. It is also connected by a paid transfer linkway to Grogol station that serves Corridor 3. It is located near Mall Ciputra, Tarumanagara University, and Trisakti University.

The station is named after the district it is located in, Grogol. The word "Reformasi" (Indonesian for 'Reformation') was added to shorten the previous full name, Grogol 2: 12 Mei Reformasi, a name given on 10 November 2013 to commemorate the Trisakti shootings in 1998 that triggered the Fall of New Order and a transition to a new chapter of history of Indonesia.

Grogol Petamburan
Grogol Petamburan is a district (Indonesian kecamatan) of West Jakarta, Indonesia, roughly bounded by the West Flood Canal to the east, Angke Canal to the west and to the north, and Jakarta-Merak Tollway to the south. It has an area of 9.99 km2. As of 2004, the use of the land was 58.0% for housing, 12.5% for offices, 3.8% in parkland, and 2.2% in farmland with the remainder in other uses or idle. The official estimate of population as at mid 2023 was 237,367.

Some of the largest malls in Jakarta — Ciputra, Taman Anggrek and Central Park — are located in Grogol Petamburan District's Tanjung Duren Selatan kelurahan. The universities of Tarumanegara and Trisakti are also located in Grogol Petamburan, in Tomang kelurahan.
The Accidental (band)
The Accidental were a folk band from the United Kingdom, made up of members of The Bicycle Thieves, Tunng and The Memory Band. The band members were Stephen Cracknell of The Memory Band, Sam Genders of Tunng, Hanna Caughlin of The Bicycle Thieves and singer-songwriter Liam Bailey. Other members of The Memory Band and harpist Serafina Steer also contributed. Their debut album, There Were Wolves, was recorded in Cracknell's London apartment with a computer and a pair of microphones, and was released by Thrill Jockey Records in April 2008.

The Memory Band
The Memory Band is an English folk group founded by Stephen Cracknell. The Memory Band has a rolling cast of collaborators from across the musical spectrum. Their eponymous debut album was released on their own Hungry Hill label.

Former members of the band include Al Doyle, Adem, Simon Lord from Simian and Black Ghosts, Nancy Wallace and Lisa Knapp.

Their third album, Oh My Days, was released in 2011 and featured contributions from young soul singer Liam Bailey, Hannah Caughlin, Jess Roberts, folksinger Jenny McCormick, bass player Jon Thorne and drummer Tom Page.

The Memory Band also tour performing the music and songs from Paul Giovanni's score from the 1973 film, The Wicker Man.
Madagascar Navy
The Madagascar Navy (French: Marine de Madagascar) is the navy branch of the Madagascar Armed Forces.

The Madagascar Navy is under-equipped and experiences difficulties in accomplishing its mission of controlling and suppression illegal fishing in the Malagasy exclusive economic zone (EEZ), maritime law enforcement, and maritime search and rescue.

Madagascar Armed Forces
The Madagascar Armed Forces (French: Forces armées de Madagascar, Malagasy: Tafika Malagasy) is the national military of Madagascar. The IISS detailed the armed forces in 2012 as including an Army of 12,500+, a Navy of 500, and a 500-strong Air Force.

The armed forces were involved in the 2009 Malagasy political crisis and the 2025 Malagasy protests, playing a central role in the subsequent 2025 Malagasy mutiny. During World War II, Malagasy troops fought in France, Morocco, and Syria.
The Death of Edward
"The Death of Edward" is a 34-line Old English poem written after the death of Edward the Confessor, surveying his life and praising his kingly qualities. It is preserved in two manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is sometimes said to be the last Old English poem in strict alliterative metre, but it is considered derivative from earlier Anglo-Saxon poetry, and not of high literary merit.

Derek Pearsall
Derek Albert Pearsall (1931–2021) was an English medievalist and Chaucerian who wrote and published widely on Chaucer, Langland, Gower, manuscript studies, and medieval history and culture. He was the co-director for the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of York and was the Gurney Professor of English Literature at Harvard University. In 1998, he delivered the British Academy's Sir Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture.