hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolitoglossinae
Bolitoglossinae is a subfamily of lungless salamander. Most of them are native to tropical areas in Central and South America, though a few such as Batrachoseps are found in temperate regions. Its sister group is the extinct genus Palaeoplethodon.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
Vikramaditya Statue
The Vikramaditya Statue is a 9.1-metre (30-foot) statue of King Vikramaditya at Vikram Teela behind Mahakal Temple in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. The Statue is made of brass with a cost of ₹1 crore (US$120,000) by Ujjain Municipal Corporation and 'Simhastha Preparation Committee'. The statue was sculpted by Indore-based sculptor Mahendra Kodwani.

Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya (IAST: Vikramāditya) was a medieval king as mentioned in ancient Indian literature, featuring in traditional stories including those in Vetala Panchavimshati and Singhasan Battisi. Many describe him as ruler with his capital at Ujjain (Pataliputra or Pratishthana in a few stories). "Vikramaditya" was also a common title adopted by several monarchs in ancient and medieval India, and the Vikramaditya legends may be embellished accounts of different kings (particularly Chandragupta II). According to popular tradition, Vikramaditya began the Vikram Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas, and those who believe that he is based on a historical figure place him around the first century BCE. However, this era is identified as "Vikrama Samvat" after the ninth century CE. Nepal uses Bikram Sambat named after him, 57 years ahead of Gregorian calendar,  as state's official calendar and for legal matters.
Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (GVC) (Ukrainian: Галицько-Волинський літопис, romanized: Halycjko-Volynsjkyj litopys, called "Halicz-Wolyn Chronicle" in Polish historiography), also known as Chronicle of Halych–Volhynia and by other names is a prominent work of Old Ruthenian literature and historiography covering 1201–1292 in the history of the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (in modern Ukraine).

Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles
The Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles or Complete Collection of Rus' Chronicles (Russian: Полное собрание русских летописей, romanized: Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, abbreviated PSRL) is a series of critical editions of all medieval and early modern Rus' chronicles, published for the purpose of textual criticism (also known as "textology"). Dozens of volumes have been published in Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation. The project is ongoing and far from finished.
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family. It had premises in Chelsea in London, Sudbury in Suffolk, and Elstree in Hertfordshire, England. It was the first medical research charity in the United Kingdom. It was renamed the Jenner Institute (after Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine) in 1898 and then, in 1903, as the Lister Institute in honour of the great surgeon and medical pioneer, Dr Joseph Lister. In 1905, the institute became a school of the University of London.

Blood plasma fractionation
Blood plasma fractionation are the general processes separating the various components of blood plasma, which in turn is a component of blood obtained through blood fractionation. Plasma-derived immunoglobulins are giving a new narrative to healthcare across a wide range of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
Henchir-Merelma
Henchir-Merelma is a locality and archaeological site in the Mahdia Governorate of Tunisia.

The ruins at Henchir-Merelma are near the Cherita River and Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani lakes and date from the time of the Roman Empire and is tentatively identified with Aelioe a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena.

According to the Antonine Itinerary, Aeliae was on the Roman Road from Althiburos To Thysdrus. Ruins at Ksour-el-Maïete tentatively identified with Germaniciana and Henchir-Bir-El-Menadla would indicate a series of way stations and accord with the description in the Antonine Itinerary.

Germaniciana
Abbir Germaniciana also known as Abir Cella is the name of a Roman and Byzantine-era city in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis in North Africa.   The city was also the seat of a Christian bishopric in the ecclesiastical province of Carthage. It is best known for Cyprian of Carthage, its bishop around 250 CE.

Abbir Germaniciana no longer exists as a community and its location remains in dispute.
Hi (Armenian letter)
Hi, or Yi (uppercase: Յ; lowercase: յ; Armenian: հի; Classical Armenian: յի) is the 21st letter of the Armenian alphabet. It is pronounced as the voiced palatal approximant [j], or the voiceless glottal fricative [h] word-initially and silent word-finally in Classical Armenian orthography. It is typically romanized with the letter H, J or Y. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 300.

Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right.
Edward Bunting
Edward Bunting (1773– 17 March 1843) was an Irish musician and folk music collector active in Belfast. His A General Collection of the Ancient Irish Music was published in 1796. His A General Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland was published in 1809. His The Ancient Music of Ireland was published in 1840.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Jinkinson
Jinkinson is a surname, similar to Jinkins, Jenkinson, Jenkins and Jenkyns. Notable people with this surname include:

Alan Jinkinson (1935–2022), British trade union leader

Earl Jinkinson (1905–1995), American antitrust lawyer and father of Georgia Bonesteel

Georgia Bonesteel (née Jinkinson) (born 1936), American quilter, author and television host

Jenkins (name)
Jenkins is a surname that originated in Cornwall, but came to be popular in southern Wales. The name "Jenkin" originally meant "little John" or "son of John". The "kin" portion is of Dutch or Danish origin (-kijn), which then gained a certain popularity in England.
The Sword Thief
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The Sword Thief is the third book in The 39 Clues series. It was written by Peter Lerangis and was published by Scholastic on March 3, 2009. The Sword Thief follows the first two books in the series, The Maze of Bones by Rick Riordan and One False Note by Gordon Korman. The following book continues the plot in Beyond the Grave.

The Maze of Bones
The Maze of Bones is the first novel of The 39 Clues series, written by Rick Riordan and published September 9, 2008 by Scholastic. It stars Amy and Dan Cahill, two orphans who discover, upon their grandmother Grace's death, that they are part of the powerful Cahill family, whose members constantly fight each other for Clues, which are ingredients to a mysterious serum.

The novel has received generally positive reviews. A graphic novel adaptation by Ethan Young was published in 2023.
Verdun, Novo Mesto
Verdun (pronounced [ʋɛrˈduːn]) is a small settlement in the foothills of the Gorjanci range southeast of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Englewood station (Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad)
Englewood station, commonly referred to as Little Englewood Station, is a former train station in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The station served as a stop for the Erie Railroad, Monon Railroad, Wabash Railroad, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad, and Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad. Between 1906 and 1949, interchanges with the rapid transit Englewood branch could be made directly at Parnell station. Chicago and Western Indiana commuter service lasted until 1963. The tracks are in use by Metra's SouthWest Service, but trains do not stop here. The platforms and canopies still exist, although the station building has been demolished.

Four other railroad stations were located on 63rd Street:

Englewood Union Station (New York Central, Nickel Plate, Rock Island)

Woodlawn (Illinois Central, Michigan Central, Big Four Route, South Shore Line)

63rd Street (Baltimore & Ohio / Pere Marquette)

Chicago Lawn (Grand Trunk Western)

Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad
The Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad (reporting mark CWI) was the owner of Dearborn Station in Chicago and the trackage leading to it. It was owned equally by five of the railroads using it to reach the terminal, and kept those companies from needing their own lines into the city. With the closure of Dearborn Station in 1971 and the Calumet steel mills in 1985, the railroad was gradually downgraded until 1994 when it became a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Corporation.
4th Naval Warfare Flotilla (Sweden)
59°04′37″N 18°08′18″E﻿ / ﻿59.077083°N 18.138472°E﻿ / 59.077083; 18.138472

The 4th Naval Warfare Flotilla (Swedish: Fjärde sjöstridsflottiljen or 4. sjöstridsflj) is Swedish Navy flotilla located in the county of Stockholm, active since 1994. The flotilla is located at Haninge Garrison and shares its location with the 1st Marine Regiment.

1st Marine Regiment (Sweden)
59°04′40″N 18°07′59″E﻿ / ﻿59.077889°N 18.133167°E﻿ / 59.077889; 18.133167

The 1st Marine Regiment (Swedish: Stockholms amfibieregemente, Amf 1) is a marine regiment of the Swedish Amphibious Corps based at the Berga Naval Base in Berga, Haninge Municipality. Raised from the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 1) in 2000 when the Swedish Amphibious Corps was formed, the 1st Marine Regiment has a large geographical spread where units are trained and grouped at Berga, south of Stockholm, in Gothenburg and in Gotland. Although the unit's natural combat environment is coastal zones, river deltas and other amphibious areas, the unit has the ability to operate in all types of terrain, such as desert. The 1st Marine Regiment has participated in operations in, for example, Kosovo, Gulf of Aden, Chad and Afghanistan.
Sham Wan Towers
The Sham Wan Towers (Chinese: 深灣軒) is a residential high-rise development located in the Ap Lei Chau area of Hong Kong. The complex consists of three towers, each of which rank among the tallest buildings in the city. The towers, numbered 1, 2, and 3, each rise 180 metres (591 ft), but differ in floor counts; Towers 1 and 2 contain 52 floors, while Tower 3 has 53. The entire complex was completed in 2003. The structures, designed by architectural firm AGC Design and developed in a collaboration between Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings and Sun Hung Kai Properties, are composed entirely of residential units.

Ap Lei Chau
Ap Lei Chau or Aberdeen Island is an island of Hong Kong, located off Hong Kong Island next to Aberdeen Harbour and Aberdeen Channel. It has an area of 1.30 square kilometres (0.50 sq mi) after land reclamation. Administratively it is part of the Southern District. Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands on earth.

In the 2000s, the Guinness World Records called it the world's most densely populated island on their website.
Gozo F.C.
Gozo Football Club was a Maltese football club based on the island of Gozo. Gozo FC was founded in 1987. The club was disbanded following the end of the 2010-2011 season.

Gozo FC was run by the Gozo Football Association.  It represented the island of Gozo in the Maltese Leagues. Its squad was formed of Gozitan players who played their trade in the Gozitan Leagues, mainly in the First Division. Their home matches were held at the Gozo Stadium.

Maltese Second Division
The Maltese Second Division (also known as the BOV Second Division due to sponsorship reasons) was the third-highest division in Maltese football until 2020 when it was merged with the Maltese Third Division to create the National Amateur League.
Cletus Nelson Nwadike
Cletus Nelson Nwadike, born 1966 is a Swedish-Nigerian poet and author.

He left Nigeria for Sweden in 1990 due to political reasons. He already spoke three languages (Ibo, Hausa and English) and embraced the new opportunity to learn another language by reading modern classical Swedish writers such as Pär Lagerkvist and Harry Martinson. After about 5 – 6 years in Sweden he found an urge to write poetry, in Swedish. He says he finds it hard to write in English, the language of the former colonial power. He never learned to write in the Ibo or Hausa languages. His main themes are love, death and Africa.
He published his first poetry collection in 1998, En kort svart dikt (A Short Black Poem) and has since then published five more books. Nwadike has also contributed to periodicals and anthologies.

He has performed at various conventions and the rock festival Hultsfredsfestivalen. Nwadike as also been featured in the national radio program "Vid dagens slut".

Harry Martinson
Harry Martinson (6 May 1904 – 11 February 1978) was a Swedish writer, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos". The choice was controversial, as both Martinson and Johnson were members of the academy.

He has been called "the great reformer of 20th-century Swedish poetry, the most original of the writers called 'proletarian'." One of his most noted works is the poetic cycle Aniara, which is a story of the spacecraft Aniara that during a journey through space loses its course and subsequently floats on without destination. The book was published in 1956 and became an opera in 1959 composed by Karl-Birger Blomdahl. The cycle has been described as "an epic story of man's fragility and folly".
Ornithophily
Ornithophily or bird pollination is the pollination of flowering plants by birds. This sometimes (but not always) coevolutionary association is derived from insect pollination (entomophily) and is particularly well developed in some parts of the world, especially in the tropics, Southern Africa, and on some island chains. The association involves several distinctive plant adaptations forming a "pollination syndrome". The plants typically have colourful, often red, flowers with long tubular structures holding ample nectar and orientations of the stamen and stigma that ensure contact with the pollinator. Birds involved in ornithophily tend to be specialist nectarivores with brushy tongues and long bills, that are either capable of hovering flight or light enough to perch on the flower structures.

Entomophily
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, sometimes with conspicuous patterns (honey guides) leading to rewards of pollen and nectar; they may also have an attractive scent which in some cases mimics insect pheromones. Insect pollinators such as bees have adaptations for their role, such as lapping or sucking mouthparts to take in nectar, and in some species also pollen baskets on their hind legs. This required the coevolution of insects and flowering plants in the development of pollination behaviour by the insects and pollination mechanisms by the flowers, benefiting both groups. Both the size and the density of a population are known to affect pollination and subsequent reproductive performance.
Sea transport systems
Sea transport systems in today's shipping market have evolved into three separate but closely connected segments: bulk shipping, liner shipping and specialized shipping. Although these segments belong to the same industry, each carries out different tasks and has a very different character.

Large homogeneous parcels such as iron ore, coal and grain are carried by the bulk shipping industry, small parcels of general cargo are carried by the liner shipping industry and specialised cargoes shipped in large volumes are transported by the specialized shipping industry. These three cargo streams create demand for bulk transport, liner transport and specialized transport. A major distinction is drawn between the fleets of ships owned by companies moving their own cargo in their own ships and the ships owned by independent shipowners and chartered to the cargo owners.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Pushbutton
Pushbutton was a UK-based digital agency specialising in designing, developing, and delivering interactive television.  Pushbutton was acquired by Amazon.com on 28 July 2011 and many of its staff are now members of Amazon Development Centre (London) Ltd.

Content management system
A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).
It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. ECM typically includes a WCM function.
Videniškiai
Videniškiai is a historic village in the Molėtai District Municipality, Lithuania. It is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of Molėtai. It is situated between the Ukmergė–Molėtai road and the Siesartis River. According to the 2011 census, it had 368 residents. In the 16th–17th centuries, the village was one of the core properties of the Giedroyć family who funded the monastery for the Canons Regular of Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs and the Church of St. Lawrence. The monastery honored Michał Giedroyć (died in 1485) who was possibly born in the village and was officially beatified in 2018. The reconstructed monastery now houses a small museum and a library.

Molėtai
Molėtai (pronunciationⓘ; Polish: Malaty; German: Mulau) is a city in north eastern Lithuania surrounded by lakes. One of the oldest settlements in Lithuania, it is a popular resort for the inhabitants of Vilnius. According to the 2013 census, it had 6,302 inhabitants. Known for the famous fisherman’s day. The town is located about 60 km (37 mi) north of Vilnius and 30 km (19 mi) south of Utena.
Statute of Vojvodina
The current Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Статут Аутономне Покрајине Војводине, romanized: Statut Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine), enacted in its present form in 2014, is the supreme legal document outlining the principles of governing Vojvodina within the framework of the Constitution of Serbia and national laws. Statute, adopted by the Assembly of Vojvodina with the assent of the National Assembly of Serbia, delineates scope of the autonomy of the province, with specific provisions related to various aspects of it. Vojvodina has experienced varying degrees of autonomy over the years, influenced by geopolitical shifts and historical events.

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Makol Cuei, South Sudan
Makol Cuei is a  boma in  Baidit payam, Bor West County, Jonglei State, South Sudan, about 30 kilometers north of Bor.  The village is located at the southern extent of the sudd, South Sudan's vast central wetlands.

Bor, South Sudan
Bor is a historic city in the Bor region of Jonglei State, located in the central region of South Sudan. It has also served as the headquarters of Jonglei state. The city is situated on the east side of the White Nile (Bahr al Jabal River) at the southern extent of the sudd, South Sudan's vast central wetlands.