hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Besov measure
In mathematics — specifically, in the fields of probability theory and inverse problems — Besov measures and associated Besov-distributed random variables are generalisations of the notions of Gaussian measures and random variables, Laplace distributions, and other classical distributions.  They are particularly useful in the study of inverse problems on function spaces for which a Gaussian Bayesian prior is an inappropriate model.  The construction of a Besov measure is similar to the construction of a Besov space, hence the nomenclature.

Infinite-dimensional Lebesgue measure
In mathematics, an infinite-dimensional Lebesgue measure is a measure defined on infinite-dimensional normed vector spaces, such as Banach spaces, which resembles the Lebesgue measure used in finite-dimensional spaces.

However, the traditional Lebesgue measure cannot be straightforwardly extended to all infinite-dimensional spaces due to a key limitation: any translation-invariant Borel measure on an infinite-dimensional separable Banach space must be either infinite for all sets or zero for all sets. Despite this, certain forms of infinite-dimensional Lebesgue-like measures can exist in specific contexts. These include locally compact spaces like the Hilbert cube, which is compact, or scenarios where some typical properties of finite-dimensional Lebesgue measures are modified or omitted.
1978 Havering London Borough Council election
The 1978 Havering Council election took place on 4 May 1978 to elect members of Havering London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party gained overall control of the council for the second time.

Heaton (Havering ward)
Heaton is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns councillors to Havering London Borough Council.

The ward was subject to boundary revisions in 1978, 2002 and 2022. The revision in 1978 increased the number of councillors from two to three. The ward has covered western parts of the London County Council-built Harold Hill estate that was completed in 1958. It has been dominated by the Labour Party throughout its existence. Notable councillors have been Michael Ward, who was MP for Peterborough and Keith Darvill, who was MP for Upminster.
Pale-mandibled aracari
The pale-mandibled aracari or pale-billed araçari (Pteroglossus erythropygius) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in southern Panama, western Colombia, Ecuador and northwestern Peru.

Department of Tumbes
Tumbes (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtumbes]) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's northwestern coast, bordering Ecuador. Due to its location near the Equator, it has a warm climate, with beaches that are considered among the finest in Peru. Despite its small area, the region contains a wide variety of ecosystems. It is the smallest department in Peru and its third least populous department after Moquegua and Madre de Dios, but it is also its third most densely populated department, after La Libertad and Lambayeque. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Tumbes.
2001 Gerry Weber Open
The 2001 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and took place from 11 June through 17 June 2001. Seventh-seeded Thomas Johansson won the singles title.

2001 ATP Tour
The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The 2001 ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the Tennis Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series.
Sarvesh Singh Seepu
Sarvesh Singh Seepu (died 19 July 2013 in Azamgarh) was an Indian politician, his father Ram Pyare Singh served as a minister in the government of Mulayam Singh Yadav. He was Uttar Pradesh MLA for Azamgarh (2007–2012). He was a member of the Samajwadi Party and later the Bahujan Samaj Party, of which he became a leading figure.

Azamgarh
Azamgarh is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Azamgarh division, which consists of Ballia, Mau and Azamgarh districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of Tamsa River (Tons). It is located 268 km (167 mi) east of the state capital Lucknow and 809 km from the national capital, Delhi.
KGRE-FM
KGRE-FM (102.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station located in Estes Park, Colorado, broadcasting to the Fort Collins, Colorado area. KGRE-FM airs a Regional Mexican music format branded as El Tigre, simulcasting KGRE 1450 AM Greeley, Colorado.

An additional 65-watt booster provides fill-in service to Fort Collins, while KGRE AM has a dependent co-channel translator (K271BN) that extends the FM signal to Greeley proper.

Estes Park, Colorado
Estes Park (/ˈɛstɪs/) is a statutory town in southwestern Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 5,904 at the 2020 United States census. Estes Park is a part of the Fort Collins, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. A popular summer resort and the location of the headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park lies along the Big Thompson River. Landmarks include The Stanley Hotel and The Baldpate Inn. The town overlooks Lake Estes and Olympus Dam.
Canal du Nord
50°17′N 3°07′E﻿ / ﻿50.283°N 3.117°E﻿ / 50.283; 3.117

The Canal du Nord (French pronunciation: [kanal dy nɔʁ], literally Canal of the North) is a 95-kilometre (59 mi) long canal in northern France. The canal connects the Canal latéral à l'Oise in Pont-l'Évêque to the Sensée Canal in Arleux. The French government, in partnership with coal-mining companies in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais departments, developed the canal to help French coal mining companies withstand foreign competition. Construction of the canal began in 1908 but halted in 1914, because of the First World War. The war caused widespread destruction of the canal and the French government made no attempt to resume construction until 1959. Construction recommenced in 1960 and the waterway opened to the public in 1965. The Canal du Nord and the Canal de Saint-Quentin may be supplanted by the Seine–Nord Europe Canal, a projected high capacity link between the Oise River at Janville and the high capacity Dunkirk-Escaut Canal.

Sensée Canal
The Canal de la Sensée (French pronunciation: [kanal də la sɑ̃se]) is a canal in northern France. The project was developed under Napoleon. In March 1806, the imperial government gave orders to build a canal which would link the Scarpe River and the Escaut River (English: Scheldt). The work was commenced under the direction of Augustin Honnorez in June 1819 and the Sensée canal was opened to navigation in November 1820. At that time the boats were pulled by men or horses working for boat employers. Shortly after World War I 1914-1918, horses were replaced by tractors.

The Canal de la Sensée forms part of the Canal Dunkerque-Escaut route.
Pioneer station
Pioneer station is a planned light rail station in the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It will be the southern terminus of the Southeast Gateway Line project, located in Artesia at Pioneer Boulevard. The segment of the corridor is expected to begin operations in 2035. The route may later on be further expanded along the West Santa Ana right-of-way, but Metro has not yet announced any plans to do so.

The station is located adjacent to the former Pacific Electric West Santa Ana Branch Artesia station, built in 1906. Passenger services operated until 1950.

Artesia, California
Artesia (Spanish for "artesian aquifer") is a city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California. Artesia was incorporated on May 29, 1959, and is one of Los Angeles County's Gateway Cities. The city has a 2020 census population of 16,395. Artesia is surrounded on the west, south, and east sides by Cerritos, with Norwalk to the north. Artesia is the home of the East West Ice Palace, an ice rink which is co-owned by Michelle Kwan. It was also the childhood home of former First Lady Pat Nixon, who lived there from 1914 to 1931, though the property on which she grew up is now part of neighboring Cerritos.
Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
On 19 February 2018, heavy clashes erupted between the newly established Syrian Liberation Front, which consists of Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, backed by the Suqour al-Sham Brigades, and Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in the western Aleppo Governorate. The conflict soon spread to the Idlib Governorate and the SLF captured several towns from HTS. A ceasefire between the two groups was reached on 24 April 2018. Fighting again resumed on 1 January 2019, ending with a total HTS military victory on 9 January.

Al-Dana, Syria
Al-Dana (Arabic: ٱلدَّانَا, romanized: ad-Dānā) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located north of Idlib, 38 kilometers west of Aleppo, and just east of the border with Turkey. Nearby localities include Sarmada to the southwest, Tell Elkarame to the south, Atarib to the southeast, Turmanin to the northeast, Salwah to the north and Qah to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Dana had a population of 14,208 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the al-Dana nahiyah consisting of thirteen villages with a combined population of 60,058. Al-Dana was notable for its indigo dye industry which has since disappeared.
Crusade Records
Crusade Records is an independent record label based in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 2005, the label houses Australian and international bands in metal, hardcore and rock genres. The label has, in its existence, signed Through Closed Eyes, The Valley, The Mission in Motion, Freestate, and The Rabble. The label has also put out releases, under licence from respective labels, by Bring Me The Horizon, Deadsoil, Trivium, and Drop Dead, Gorgeous.
In 2008, due to the closure of Modern Music, the label has been without distribution. The label is currently doing In-House Distribution.

The Valley (band)
The Valley were an Australian alternative rock quintet, which formed in 2005. They signed to Crusade Records late that year and released their debut extended play, A Small Misunderstanding Leads to Disaster, in February 2006. Their second EP, Burning at the Mistake, was released in late 2006.

The Valley toured internationally with the Bleeders, I Killed the Prom Queen, Gyroscope, Horsell Common, Behind Crimson Eyes, Carpathian and the Hot Lies. The band were the support act for Anberlin on their 2006 Australian-New Zealand tour, and the support act for Underoath on their June 2007 Australian tour. The Valley disbanded in December of that year.
Familia Zaragoza
Familia Zaragoza (English: Zaragoza Family) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Starring Jaclyn Jose, Janice de Belen and Gloria Romero. It aired on the network's evening line up from April 28, 1996 to March 9, 1997, replacing Mel & Jay and was replaced by Compañero y Compañera.

Compañero y Compañera
Compañero y Compañera (transl. male comrade and female comrade) is a Philippine television public affairs talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN, GMA Network and  Radio Philippines Network. It ran from 1997 to 2001.
University of Greifswald
The University of Greifswald (German: [ˈɡʁaɪfsvalt]; German: Universität Greifswald), formerly known as Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Founded in 1456, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, with generations of notable alumni and staff having studied or worked in Greifswald. As the fourth oldest university in present Germany, it was temporarily also the oldest university of the Kingdoms of Sweden (1648–1815) and Prussia (1815–1945), respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the 10,179 students are from outside the state, including international students from 90 countries all over the world.

Queen Silvia of Sweden
Silvia (born Silvia Renate Sommerlath; 23 December 1943) is Queen of Sweden as the wife of King Carl XVI Gustaf. She has held this title since her marriage to Carl XVI Gustaf in 1976. The king and queen have three children: Crown Princess Victoria, Prince Carl Philip, and Princess Madeleine.
Dean of Bradford
The Dean of Bradford is the head and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of Bradford Cathedral. The dean and chapter are based at the Cathedral Church of St Peter in Bradford. Before 2000 the post was designated as a provost, which was then the equivalent of a dean at most English cathedrals. The cathedral is one of three co-equal mother churches of the Diocese of Leeds and a seat of the Bishop of Leeds; until 2014 it was the mother church of the now-defunct Diocese of Bradford and as such the seat of the diocesan Bishop of Bradford.

Diocese of Bradford
53°47′46″N 1°44′49″W﻿ / ﻿53.796°N 1.747°W﻿ / 53.796; -1.747

The Diocese of Bradford is a former Church of England diocese within the Province of York. The diocese covered the area of the City of Bradford, Craven district,  the former Sedbergh Rural District now in Cumbria and the parts of the Lancashire boroughs of Pendle and Ribble Valley that are within Yorkshire's historic boundaries. The seat of the episcopal see was Bradford Cathedral and the bishop was the diocesan Bishop of Bradford.

The diocese was founded on 25 November 1919 from part of the Diocese of Ripon and dissolved in the creation of the Diocese of Leeds on 20 April 2014. The church of Saint Peter was elevated to cathedral status in 1919.
90th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 90th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in National Harbor, Maryland, United States from May 30 to June 1, 2017, with "Bee Week" events running for spellers between May 28 and June 3, and televised coverage on May 31 and June 1. Ananya Vinay, 12, won the competition by successfully spelling "marocain" in the final round. She had also placed 172nd place in the 2016 Scripps National Spelling Bee.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Traditional blues verses
In the folk tradition, there are many traditional blues verses that have been sung over and over by many artists. Blues singers, who include many country and folk artists as well as those commonly identified with blues singers, use these traditional lyrics to fill out their blues performances. Artists like Jimmie Rodgers, the "blue yodeler", and Big Joe Turner, "the Boss of the Blues" compiled virtual encyclopedias of lyrics. Turner reputedly could sing the blues for hours without repeating himself.

Blue yodeling
Blue yodeling ( meaning 'melancholy yodeling') is a musical style that essentially consists of a combination of elements of blues and old-time music, enriched with characteristic yodelings. Initially sometimes referred to as "yodeling blues", it reached its greatest popularity during the 1920s and 1930s in the United States, Canada and Australia.

The name goes back to the song title "Blue Yodel", under which the American singer Jimmie Rodgers published a total of twelve numbered songs that were groundbreaking for the development of early country music. In addition to Rodgers, the later "Singing Cowboy" Gene Autry and the honky-tonk musicians Ernest Tubb and Hank Snow were outstanding representatives of the genre.
Itapetininga
Itapetininga is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 165,526 (2020 est.) in an area of 1790 km2. The name comes from a Tupi-Guarani language, meaning "dry stone".

The city is the seat of the Government Region of Itapetininga, made up of twelve other municipalities: Alambari, Angatuba, Boituva, Campina do Monte Alegre, Capela do Alto, Cerquilho, Cesário Lange, Guareí, Quadra, São Miguel Arcanjo, Sarapuí and Tatuí, which together have more than 520 thousand inhabitants.

It is situated in the southern part of the state, and is known as cidade das escolas, meaning city of schools in Portuguese.

Alambari
Alambari is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of São Paulo. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population is 6,129 (2020 est.) in an area of 159.60 km2. The municipality was established in 1993.
2024 Macau Grand Prix
The 2024 Macau Grand Prix (formally the 71st Macau Grand Prix – FIA FR World Cup) was a motor race for Formula Regional cars held on the streets of Macau on 17 November 2024. The race itself was made up of two races: a ten-lap qualifying race that decided the starting grid for the fifteen-lap main event. The 2024 race was the 71st running of the Macau Grand Prix, the first for Formula Regional cars and the inaugural FIA FR World Cup.

Guia Circuit
The Guia Circuit, or Circuito da Guia, is a 6.120 km (3.803 mi) street circuit located at the southeast region of the Macau Peninsula in Macau. It is the venue of the Macau Grand Prix, Macau Motorcycle Grand Prix and the Macau Guia Race. The circuit consists of long straights and tight corners, and features the characteristics of a typical street circuit - narrow, bumpy and limited overtaking opportunities. However, there are two special features that can rarely be found in other street circuits - variation in altitude (over 30 m (100 ft) between highest and lowest point of the circuit) and an ultra long main straight that allows top speed of 260 km/h (160 mph) on Formula Three cars. As a result, the circuit is recognised as one of the most challenging circuits in the world in terms of both driving and tuning, as cars have to maintain competitive speed to overcome hill-climbing, twisty corners and long straights in a single lap.
Chinese thrush
The Chinese thrush (Turdus mupinensis) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is found in China and far northern Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

A recent molecular study places the Chinese thrush's closest relatives as the similarly plumaged European species, the song thrush (T. philomelos) and the mistle thrush (T. viscivorus), all three species early offshoots from the main Turdus radiation around the world.

Thrush (bird)
The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flycatchers. Thrushes are small to medium-sized ground living birds that feed on insects, other invertebrates, and fruit. Some unrelated species around the world have been named after thrushes due to their similarity to birds in this family.
Josh Battle
Josh Battle (born 1 September 1998) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was originally drafted by St Kilda Football Club with their second selection and thirty-ninth overall in the 2016 national draft. He made his debut in the sixty-one point loss to Essendon at Etihad Stadium in round seventeen of the 2017 season. Battle joined Hawthorn as an unrestricted free agent following the 2024 AFL season.

2024 AFL season
The 2024 AFL season was the 128th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest-level senior men's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season featured 18 clubs and ran from 7 March to 28 September, comprising a 23-match home-and-away season over 25 rounds, followed by a four-week finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The Brisbane Lions won the premiership, defeating Sydney by 60 points in the 2024 AFL Grand Final; it was the Lions' fourth AFL premiership. Sydney won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 17–6 win–loss record. Carlton's Patrick Cripps won his second Brownlow Medal as the league's best and fairest player, breaking the record for most votes polled using the 3–2–1 voting system with 45, and Greater Western Sydney's Jesse Hogan won the Coleman Medal as the league's leading goalkicker.
Alseno
Alseno (Piacentino: Alsen [ɐlˈsɛŋ] or Alsëin [ɐlˈsəi̯]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Piacenza.

Alseno borders the following municipalities: Besenzone, Busseto, Castell'Arquato, Fidenza, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Salsomaggiore Terme, Vernasca.

Busseto
Busseto (Bussetano: Büsé; Parmigiano: Busèjj) is a comune in the province of Parma, in Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy with about 6,763 inhabitants. Its history is quite well documented back to the 10th century, and for almost five hundred years it was the capital of Stato Pallavicino, which eventually became part of the Duchy of Parma.  The town is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Cremona in Lombardy.
Bust of George Washington (Warsaw)
The Bust of George Washington, also known as the George Washington Monument, is a bronze bust in Warsaw, Poland, placed at Washington Roundabout, within the neighbourhood of Saska Kępa in the district of Praga-South. It is dedicated to George Washington, the first president of the United States. The monument was created by Bronisław Koniuszy and Bronisław Kubica and unveiled on 27 October 1989.

Praga-Południe
52°14′30″N 21°05′02″E﻿ / ﻿52.241729°N 21.083867°E﻿ / 52.241729; 21.083867

Praga-Południe (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpraɡa pɔˈwudɲɛ]), also known by its anglicized names Praga-South, Praga South, and South Praga, is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland located on the east bank of the Vistula River. It consists of Grochów, Gocław, Kamionek and Saska Kępa.
Mexican Spanish
Mexican Spanish (Spanish: español mexicano) is the variety of dialects and sociolects of the Spanish language spoken in Mexico and its bordering regions. Mexico has the world's largest number of Spanish speakers, more than double any other country. Spanish is spoken by over 99% of the population, being the mother tongue of 93.8%, and the second language of 5.4%.

Elision
In linguistics, an elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase. However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced "firs' light" (/fɜrs laɪt/). Many other terms are used to refer to specific cases where sounds are omitted.