hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Experience season 11
Season eleven of the television program American Experience originally aired on the PBS network in the United States on November 18, 1998 and concluded on May 24, 1999. This is the eleventh season to feature David McCullough as the host, and the winner of the Primetime Emmy Awards. The season contained ten new episodes and began with all four parts of the film America 1900.

David McCullough
David Gaub McCullough (/məˈkʌlə/ mə-KUL-ə; July 7, 1933 – August 7, 2022) was an American popular historian and author. He was a two-time winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. In 2006, he was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award.

Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a bachelor's degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was The Johnstown Flood (1968), and he wrote nine more on such topics as Harry S. Truman, John Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, the Brooklyn Bridge, the Panama Canal, and the Wright brothers. McCullough also narrated numerous documentaries, such as The Civil War by Ken Burns, as well as the 2003 film Seabiscuit, and he hosted the PBS television documentary series American Experience for twelve years. McCullough's two Pulitzer Prize–winning books—Truman and John Adams.—were adapted by HBO into a television film and a miniseries, respectively.
1976–77 Montenegrin Republic League
The 1976–77 Montenegrin Republic League was the 32nd season of Montenegrin Republic League, the third tier of the Yugoslav football league system. The season started in August 1976 and finished in June 1977.

Montenegrin Republic Cup (1947–2006)
The Montenegrin Republic Cup was cup competition for Montenegrin lower-tier clubs in the period while Montenegro was a part of SFR Yugoslavia, FR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro. Winners and often a finalist of Montenegrin Republic Cup participated in the Yugoslav Cup and Serbia and Montenegro Cup. Competition played from 1947 to 2006, and after independence of Montenegro is succeeded by Montenegrin Cup.
Macrochilo louisiana
Macrochilo louisiana, the Louisiana macrochilo or Louisiana snout-moth, is a litter moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes in 1922. It is found in North America from Quebec and Maine to Florida, west to Texas, north to Alberta.

The wingspan is 20–27 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September in the north and from February in the south.

Herminiinae
The Herminiinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. The members of the subfamily are called litter moths because the caterpillars of most members feed on dead leaves of plants, though others feed on living leaves, and/or the mushrooms of fungi as in the case of genus Idia.
Hesperolinon tehamense
Hesperolinon tehamense is a rare species of flowering plant in the flax family known by the common names Tehama County western flax and Paskenta Grade dwarf flax. It is endemic to northern California, where it is known from only about ten occurrences, mostly within Tehama and Glenn Counties. Most of its habitat is on Bureau of Land Management lands and within the Mendocino National Forest, in chaparral ecosystems with serpentine soils. The plant produces thin, hairy stems up to 50 centimeters in maximum height with small, sparse linear leaves. The inflorescence bears several small flowers with pale to bright yellow notched petals just a few millimeters long.

Tehama County, California
Tehama County (/təˈheɪmə/ ⓘ tə-HAY-mə) is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,829. The county seat and largest city is Red Bluff. Tehama County comprises the Red Bluff, California micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Redding-Red Bluff, California combined statistical area. The county is bisected by the Sacramento River.
Chalie Boy
Charles Williams (born October 13, 1979), better known by his stage name Chalie Boy, is an American hip hop recording artist, who made his major-label debut in 2009 with the breakout hit single "I Look Good." In 2010, Chalie Boy made headlines with his 100+ lb. weight loss as he debuted the video "Deja Blu."

Slim Thug
Stayve Jerome Thomas (born September 8, 1980) better known by his stage name Slim Thug, is an American rapper. He gained mainstream attention for his guest performance alongside Paul Wall on Mike Jones' 2004 single "Still Tippin'". The following year, he guest appeared alongside Bun B on Beyoncé's 2005 single "Check on It"—which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 and won an MTV Music Video Award—and signed with Interscope Geffen A&M and the Neptunes' Star Trak Entertainment to release his debut studio album Already Platinum (2005). It peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and was followed by his second album, Boss of All Bosses (2009), which peaked at number 15 as an independent release.

Furthermore, Thomas guest appeared on Gwen Stefani's 2005 single "Luxurious", which peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Dangme East District
Dangme East District is a former district that was located in Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Dangme District Council. However on 28 June 2012, it was split off into two new districts: Ada East District (capital: Ada Foah) and Ada West District (capital: Sege).  The district assembly was located in the eastern part of Greater Accra Region and had Ada Foah as its capital town.

Dangme West District
Dangme West District is a former district that was located in Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Dangme District Council. However on 28 June 2012, it was split off into two new districts: Shai-Osudoku District (capital: Dodowa) and Ningo-Prampram District (capital: Prampram). The district assembly was located in the eastern part of Greater Accra Region and had Dodowa as its capital town.
Give a Little Love Back to the World
"Give a Little Love Back to the World", written and composed by Paul Curtis, was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1990, performed by Emma. At the age of 15, Emma was the youngest-ever entrant on behalf of the United Kingdom at Eurovision.

United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990
The United Kingdom was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 with the song "Give a Little Love Back to the World", written by Paul Curtis, and performed by Emma. The British participating broadcaster, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), selected its entry through a national final.
Edwards, California
Edwards (formerly, Muroc and Wherry Housing) is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California.

It is located 16 miles (26 km) east-southeast of Mojave,  about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Lancaster, 15 miles (24 km) east of Rosamond, and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) south of California City at an elevation of 2,356 feet (718 m).

The area was originally a housing site for the air force base that surrounds it. The place name changed to Edwards in 1951 (after the base was renamed and a post office transferred from Muroc was established). It is part of the Edwards Air Force Base reservation.

Rosamond, California
Rosamond is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, US, near the Los Angeles county line. Rosamond is part of Greater Los Angeles and is located in the Mojave Desert just north of Lancaster and Palmdale, the two largest cities in the Antelope Valley. As of the 2020 Census, Rosamond's population was 20,961. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Rosamond as a census-designated place (CDP).

Rosamond is a suburban bedroom community with many residents employed by nearby Edwards Air Force Base or commuting to Los Angeles, Lancaster, and Palmdale for work. The town is about 15 minutes north of the Lancaster Metrolink station providing direct access to Los Angeles Union Station in just two hours. It has few grocery stores such as Grocery Outlet, Albertsons and Dollar General.
Andy McKee (bassist)
Andrew G. McKee (born November 11, 1953) is a New York-based, American bassist who has been performing and recording in North America, South America, Europe, and Japan since 1978.  McKee's most important rhythm section mentors have included Philly Joe Jones, Elvin Jones and Idris Muhammad. He travelled widely in Europe with both Elvin Jones and with French pianist Michel Petrucciani.  He played for about a decade with the Mingus Big Band and has had his own groups.  He is the author of two books on upright bass technique and has taught at The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music since 1993.

Elvin Jones
Elvin Ray Jones (September 9, 1927 – May 18, 2004) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era. Most famously a member of John Coltrane's quartet, with whom he recorded from late 1960 to late 1965, Jones appeared on such albums as My Favorite Things, A Love Supreme, Ascension and Live at Birdland. After 1966, Jones led his own trio, and later larger groups under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine. His brothers Hank and Thad were also celebrated jazz musicians with whom he occasionally recorded. Elvin was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995. In his The History of Jazz, jazz historian and critic Ted Gioia calls Jones "one of the most influential drummers in the history of jazz". He was also ranked at Number 23 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time".
Pars plana
The pars plana (also known as orbicularis ciliaris ) (Latin: flat portion) is part of the ciliary body in the uvea (or vascular tunic, the middle layer of the three layers that comprise the eye).

It is about 4 mm long, located near the junction of the iris and sclera, and is scalloped in appearance.

The pars plana may not have a function in the post-fetal period, making this a good site of entry for ophthalmic surgery of the posterior segment of eyeball; this surgery is known as pars plana vitrectomy.

Posterior segment of eyeball
The posterior segment or posterior cavity is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. The portion of the posterior segment visible during ophthalmoscopy (or fundoscopy) is sometimes referred to as the posterior pole, or fundus. Some ophthalmologists specialize in the treatment and management of posterior segment disorders and diseases.

In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount of light each photosensitive cell perceives, reflecting the light out of the eye, allowing the animal to see better under low light conditions.
Michael Glenny
The majority of material in this article has been sourced from the Dictionary of National Biography.

Michael Valentine Guybon Glenny (26 September 1927, London – 1 August 1990, Moscow) was a British lecturer in Russian studies and a translator of Russian literature into English.

Sergei Eisenstein
Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1898 – 11 February 1948) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter, film editor and film theorist. Considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time, he was a pioneer in the theory and practice of montage. He is noted in particular for his silent films Strike (1925), Battleship Potemkin (1925) and October (1928), as well as the historical epics Alexander Nevsky (1938) and Ivan the Terrible (1945/1958). In its decennial poll, the magazine Sight and Sound named his Battleship Potemkin the 54th-greatest film of all time.
34th United States Congress
The 34th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1855, to March 4, 1857, during the last two years of Franklin Pierce's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. The Whig Party, one of the two major parties of the era, had largely collapsed, although many former Whigs ran as Republicans or as members of the "Opposition Party."  The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House was controlled by a coalition of Representatives led by Nathaniel P. Banks, a member of the American Party.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
KidVision
KidVision was the children's home video division of A*Vision Entertainment, later WarnerVision Entertainment. It was launched in 1992 and started distributing videos in January 1993 with The Magic School Bus, Shining Time Station, Kidsongs and the Real Wheels and Real Animals series. In 1995, with WarnerVision Entertainment's pact with Dualstar Video, luring away from BMG Kidz, they picked up the Mary-Kate & Ashley titles.

On July 29, 1997, KidVision moved under Warner Home Video, and continued to distribute Magic School Bus videos until October 8, 2002.

It was also the Warner Home Video division that was distributed by Warner Bros.’ Family Entertainment unit.

Warner Bros. Family Entertainment
Warner Bros. Family Entertainment was the family division label of Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. It was founded in 1993 and released numerous theatrical and direct-to-video family-oriented films and television shows before the label was retired in 2011.
International game
The International game (Valencian: joc internacional, IPA: [ˈdʒɔk ˌinteɾnasi.oˈnal]) is a ball game that is related to many sports derived from and similar to Jeu de paume. It is played in the Handball International Championships by teams from the Americas and Europe.

Jeu de paume
Jeu de paume (UK: /ˌʒɜː də ˈpoʊm/, French: [ʒø d(ə) pom]; originally spelled jeu de paulme; lit. 'palm game') was a ball-and-court game that originated in France and was the precursor of real tennis (called court tennis in the US or courte paume in France) and ultimately of the modern game of tennis. Jeu de paume was played without racquets, and so was a "game of the hand", though these were eventually introduced. It is a former Olympic sport, and has the oldest ongoing annual world championship in sport, first established over 250 years ago. The term also refers to the court on which the game is played and its building, which in the 17th century was sometimes converted into a theatre.
Emory Holloway
Rufus Emory Holloway (March 16, 1885 in Marshall, Missouri – July 30, 1977 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) was an American literary scholar-educator most known for his books and studies of Walt Whitman.  His Whitman: An Interpretation in Narrative (1926) was the first biography of a literary figure to win the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1927.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
History of the Seattle Seahawks
The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football team organized in 1976 and based in Seattle, Washington, US, that plays in the National Football League. This article details the history of the Seattle Seahawks American football club.

NFC West
The National Football Conference – Western Division or NFC West  is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). It currently has four members: the Arizona Cardinals, the Los Angeles Rams, the San Francisco 49ers, and the Seattle Seahawks.
Atuku
Atuku is a village and a second-order administrative division in Jema'a Local Government Area, southern Kaduna State, Middle Belt, Nigeria. It is located 159.08 km from the state capital, Kaduna. The postal code of the area is 801.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Nonihat railway station
Nonihat railway station is a railway station on the Dumka–Bhagalpur line of Sahibganj loop under Malda railway division of the Eastern Railway Zone. The station is situated beside Nonihat station Road at Heth Bara, Nonihat in Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Mubarak Bala
Mubarak Bala (born 1984) is a Nigerian atheist and president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria. Bala has faced persecution and arrest for leaving Islam and publicly expressing atheist views.

On 5 April 2022, the Kano State High Court sentenced Bala to 24 years imprisonment after he pleaded guilty to an eighteen-count charge of blasphemy and public incitement. In 2024, he was released after four years of imprisonment, and he relocated to Germany.

Sharia in Nigeria
In Nigeria, Sharia has been instituted as a main body of civil and criminal law in twelve Muslim-majority states  since 1999, when then-Zamfara State governor Ahmad Sani Yerima began the push for the institution of Sharia at the state level of government.  A "declaration of full Sharia law" was made in the twelve states in that year, and the states created  Islamic legal institutions such as a Sharia Commission, and Zakat Commission, and a hisbah (a sort of an Islamic police).  According to some critics (Leo Igwe, chair of the board of trustees for the Humanist Association of Nigeria), the adoption of Sharia law violates Article 10 of the Nigerian constitution guaranteeing religious freedom. This has unintentionally led to the rise of Boko Haram.
Quantum circuit
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria.

Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items that are connected by these lines are operations performed on the qubits, such as measurements or gates. These lines define the sequence of events, and are usually not physical cables.

The graphical depiction of quantum circuit elements is described using a variant of the Penrose graphical notation. Richard Feynman used an early version of the quantum circuit notation in 1986.

Alexei Kitaev
Alexei Yurievich Kitaev (Russian: Алексей Юрьевич Китаев; born August 26, 1963) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist.

He is currently a professor of theoretical physics and mathematics at the California Institute of Technology.

Kitaev has received multiple awards recognizing his contributions to quantum information science and condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum computation and topological phases of matter.
Wood Green (electoral division)
Wood Green was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Einstein (film)
Einstein is a 2008 Italian television miniseries written and directed by Liliana Cavani.  The film is based on real life events of scientist Albert Einstein and it stars Vincenzo Amato in the title role.

Einstein family
The Einstein family is the family of physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). Einstein's fourth-great-grandfather, Jakob Weil, was his oldest recorded relative, born in the late 17th century, and the family continues to this day. Albert Einstein's second-great-grandfather, Löb Moses Sontheimer (1745–1831), was also the grandfather of the tenor Heinrich Sontheim (1820–1912) of Stuttgart.

Albert's three children were from his relationship with his first wife, Mileva Marić, his daughter Lieserl being born a year before they married. Albert Einstein's second wife was Elsa Einstein, whose mother Fanny Koch was the sister of Albert's mother, and whose father, Rudolf Einstein, was the son of Raphael Einstein, a brother of Albert's paternal grandfather. Albert and Elsa were thus first cousins through their mothers and second cousins through their fathers.
Hollywood/Vine station
Hollywood/Vine station is an underground rapid transit (known locally as a subway) station on the B Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located below the iconic Hollywood and Vine intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, after which the station is named, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood.

The central station of the three subway stops in Hollywood, within walking distance of many important Hollywood landmarks including the Capitol Records Building, CBS Columbia Square, The Fonda Theatre, Hollywood Palladium and Pantages Theatre. The station is also below the Hollywood Walk of Fame and close to the Gower Gulch.

Hollywood Palladium
The Hollywood Palladium is a theater located at 6215 Sunset Boulevard in the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. It was built in a Streamline Moderne, Art Deco style and includes an 11,200-square-foot (1,040 m2) dance floor including a mezzanine and a floor level with room for up to 4,000 people. The theater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The Palladium was designated Los Angeles Historic Cultural Monument No. 1130 on September 28, 2016.