hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neponset, California
Neponset (Martin's Station until 1900) is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. It is located along the Southern Pacific Railroad and California State Route 1 between Marina and Castroville, and 8.5 miles (14 km) northwest of Salinas, at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m).

Marina, California
Marina is a city in Monterey County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,359, up from 19,718 in 2010. The city is located along the central coast of California, 8 miles (13 km) west of Salinas and 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Monterey. It is on California State Route 1 between Monterey and Santa Cruz and sits at an elevation of 43 feet (13 m).

Marina was incorporated in 1975 and is the newest city in the Monterey area. It includes part of the California State University, Monterey Bay campus, the UC Santa Cruz UC MBEST center, and the Veterans Transition Center (VTC). In 2012, Marina was named one of the 100 Best Communities for Young People by America's Promise Alliance. The Fort Ord Station Veterinary Hospital, built in 1941 to provide healthcare for U.S. Army horses and mules, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Actinium(III) iodide
Actinium(III) iodide is the a salt of the radioactive metal actinium. It is a white crystalline solid. This compound was made by heating actinium oxide with a mixture of aluminium metal and iodine at 700 °C for two hours.

Actinium(III) oxide
Actinium(III) oxide is a chemical compound containing the rare radioactive element actinium. It has the molecular formula Ac2O3. It is similar to its corresponding lanthanum compound, lanthanum(III) oxide, and contains actinium in the oxidation state +3. Actinium oxide is not to be confused with Ac2O (acetic anhydride), where Ac is an abbreviation for acetyl instead of the symbol of the element actinium.
Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation
The Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation (Navajo: Tʼiistsoh) is a non-contiguous section of the Navajo Nation lying in northwestern Socorro County, New Mexico, United States, adjacent to the southeastern part of the Acoma Indian Reservation. It has a land area of 256.616 km2 (99.08 sq mi), and a 2000 census resident population of almost 2,000 persons. The Alamo Band of the Navajo Nation Reservation's land area is approximately 0.4% of the Navajo Nation's total area. The remote community has a K-12 school (Alamo Navajo School Board), Early Childhood Center, Wellness Center, a Community Service center that provides school and non-school related programs, a state-of-the-art Health Center and KABR radio, 1500 AM.

Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Pueblo (/ˈækəmə/ AK-ə-mə, Western Keres: Áakʼu) is a Native American pueblo approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the United States.

Four communities make up the village of Acoma Pueblo: Sky City (Old Acoma), Acomita, Anzac, and McCartys. These communities are located near the expansive Albuquerque metropolitan area, which includes several large cities and towns, including neighboring Laguna Pueblo. The Acoma Pueblo tribe is a federally recognized tribal entity, whose historic land of Acoma Pueblo totaled roughly 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha). Today, much of the Acoma community is primarily within the Acoma Indian Reservation. Acoma Pueblo is a National Historic Landmark.

According to the 2010 United States Census, 4,989 people identified as Acoma. The Acoma have continuously occupied the area where Acoma Pueblo is situated for over 2,000 years. Acoma Pueblo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States.
21st (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (Islington)
The 21st (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (Islington) (21st Middlesex) was an infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the spring of 1915 by the Mayor and Borough of Islington in North London. Serving on the Western Front from June 1916 it saw action against the Hindenburg Line and at Bourlon Wood. It then fought through the German spring offensive and the Battle of the Lys. Reduced to a training cadre following heavy casualties, the battalion was sent back to England, where it was disbanded at the end of the war.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).
Shtrafbat
Shtrafbats (Russian: штрафбат, штрафной батальон) were Soviet penal battalions that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.

The shtrafbats were greatly increased in number by Joseph Stalin in July 1942 via Order No. 227 (Директива Ставки ВГК №227). Order No. 227 was a desperate effort to re-instill discipline after the panicked routs of the first year of combat with Germany. The order—popularized as the "Not one step back!" (Ни шагу назад!, Ni shagu nazad!) Order—introduced severe punishments, including summary execution, for unauthorized retreats.

In his order, Stalin also mentioned Hitler's successful use of penal battalions (also known as Strafbataillon) as a means to ensure obedience among regular Wehrmacht units.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Cayeux-sur-Mer
Cayeux-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kajø syʁ mɛʁ], literally Cayeux on Sea; Picard: Tchéyeu-su-Mér) is a resort town in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The town is part of the Baie de Somme - Picardie maritime regional natural park project.

Its inhabitants are called the Cayolais.

Abbeville
Abbeville (French: [abvil] ⓘ; West Flemish: Abbekerke; Picard: Advile) is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

It is the chef-lieu of one of the arrondissements of Somme. Located on the river Somme, it was the capital of Ponthieu.
Petrie Bight
Petrie Bight is a reach of the Brisbane River in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The land to the north of the bight, centred on the area under the Story Bridge's northern point and around the Brisbane River to Customs House is also known as Petrie Bight and was formerly a suburb of Brisbane. The area whilst still informally known as Petrie Bight, was absorbed into the suburbs of the Brisbane CBD and Fortitude Valley during consolidation of suburbs by the Brisbane City Council. With a resurgence in Brisbane residents interested in this part of the city and its history, has meant there is a possibility the Brisbane City Council and Queensland Government may once again reinstate Petrie Bight as a suburb to give the area a better sense of identity.

However, land to the south of the reach Petrie Bight does not use that name, and is known by its suburb name of Kangaroo Point. Today, it is overpassed by the Story Bridge (Bradfield Highway), and underpassed by the Clem7 Tunnel toll road.

Fortitude Valley, Queensland
Fortitude Valley (often called "The Valley" by local residents) is an inner suburb of the City of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Fortitude Valley had a population of 9,708 people. The suburb features two pedestrian malls at Brunswick Street Mall and Chinatown, and is one of the hubs of Brisbane's nightlife, known for its nightclubs, bars and adult entertainment.
OPEC Reference Basket
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB), also referred to as the OPEC Basket, is a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends produced by OPEC members. It is used as an important benchmark for crude oil prices. OPEC has often attempted to keep the price of the OPEC Basket between upper and lower limits, by increasing and decreasing production. This makes the measure important for market analysts. The OPEC Basket, including a mix of light and heavy crude oil products, is heavier than both Brent crude oil, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil.

Since January 1, 2017, the OPEC reference basket consists of a weighted average of the following crudes:

Saharan Blend (from Algeria)

Girassol (from Angola)

Oriente (from Ecuador)

Rabi Light (from Gabon)

Iran Heavy (from Iran)

Basra Light (from Iraq)

Kuwait Export (from Kuwait)

Es Sider (from Libya)

Bonny Light (from Nigeria)

Qatar Marine (from Qatar)

Arab Light (from Saudi Arabia)

Murban (from UAE)

Merey (from Venezuela)

Bonny Light oil
Bonny Light oil was found at Oloibiri in the Niger delta region of Nigeria in 1956 for its commercial use. Due to its features of generating high profit, it is highly demanded by refiners. Bonny light oil has an API of 32.9, classified as light oil. It is regarded as more valuable than the other oils with lower API as more high-value products are produced in the refinement. However, in Nigeria, problems due to oil spillage caused by vandalism affect both humans and the ecosystem in detrimental ways. Some experiments on animals and soil are done to figure out those impacts on organisms.
Tatanagar–Bilaspur section
The Tatanagar–Bilaspur section is part of the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line and connects Tatanagar in the Indian state of Jharkhand and Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh. Part of one of the major trunk lines in the country, it passes through an industrial-mining area and handles high volumes of freight, particularly coal and iron ore.

Steel Authority of India Limited
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is an Indian public sector steel manufacturing corporation based in New Delhi designated as Maharatna CPSE. It is the largest government-owned steel producer, with an annual production of 18.29 million metric tons. Incorporated on 24 January 1973, SAIL has 51,351 employees and is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Steel.

SAIL operates and owns five integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur (Asansol) and three special steel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravathi. It also owns a Ferro Alloy plant at Chandrapur. It also has an R&D Centre for Iron & Steel (RDCIS) and a Centre for Engineering in Ranchi, Jharkhand.

The company has a total of 692 patents globally, out of which 343 have been granted. More than 64% of the 692 patents are active. SAIL has filed the maximum number of patents in India, followed by Egypt and Germany.
George Brown (Canadian politician)
George Brown (November 29, 1818 – May 9, 1880) was a Scottish Canadian journalist, politician, the founder of the town of Bothwell, and one of the Fathers of Confederation. He attended the Charlottetown and Quebec conferences. A noted Reform politician, he is best known as the founder and editor of the Toronto Globe, Canada's most influential newspaper at the time, and his leadership in the founding of the Liberal Party in 1867. He was an articulate champion of the grievances and anger of Upper Canada (Ontario). He played a major role in securing national unity.  His career in active politics faltered after 1865, but he remained a powerful spokesman for the Liberal Party. He promoted westward expansion and opposed the policies of Conservative prime minister John A. Macdonald.

Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)
The Free Church of Scotland is a Scottish denomination which was formed in 1843 by a large withdrawal from the established Church of Scotland in a schism known as the Disruption of 1843. In 1900, the vast majority of the Free Church of Scotland joined with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland to form the United Free Church of Scotland (which itself mostly re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929). In 1904, the House of Lords judged that the constitutional minority that did not enter the 1900 union were entitled to the whole of the church's patrimony (see Bannatyne v. Overtoun); the residual Free Church of Scotland acquiesced in the division of those assets, between itself and those who had entered the union, by a Royal Commission in 1905. Despite the late founding date, the leadership held a doctrine of unbroken succession of leaders going back to the Apostles.
Kenneth M. Stampp
Kenneth Milton Stampp (12 July 1912 – 10 July 2009) was a renowned historian of slavery, the American Civil War, and Reconstruction. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1946 to 1983, ending his career there as the Alexander F. and May T. Morrison Professor of History Emeritus. He was also a visiting professor at Harvard University and Colgate University, Commonwealth Lecturer at the University of London, Fulbright Lecturer at the University of Munich, and held the Harmsworth Chair at Oxford University. In 1989 he received the American Historical Association Award for Scholarly Distinction. In 1993, he won the prestigious Lincoln Prize for lifetime achievement given by the Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College.

Lincoln Prize
The Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize, founded by the late Richard Gilder and Lewis Lehrman in partnership with Gabor Boritt, Director Emeritus of the Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College, is administered by the Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History. It has been awarded annually since 1991 for "the finest scholarly work in English on Abraham Lincoln, the American Civil War soldier, or the American Civil War era."
Cosworth KF engine
The Cosworth-Opel KF engine is a production-based, four-stroke, 2.5-liter, naturally aspirated, V-6 high-revving racing engine, originally designed, developed and produced by Opel, in collaboration with Cosworth, for the DTM and later ITC, between 1993 and 1996. The engines were tuned by Cosworth, and were based on the Isuzu 6VD1 (1996) 75° production engine, as used in the Opel Monterey, Opel Frontera Limited, Trooper, Rodeo, and Amigo.

It is also used in the Gould GR51 open-wheel race car of the Hillclimb and Sprint Association (HSA) British Sprint Championship, since 2000.

Cosworth
Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with facilities in Cottenham, England, Silverstone, England, and Indianapolis, IN, US.

Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One (F1) as engine supplier, ranking third with most wins, behind Ferrari and Mercedes.
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty underwent a revival during the late 9th, 10th, and early 11th centuries. Under the Macedonian emperors, the empire gained control over the Adriatic Sea, Southern Italy, and all of the territory of the Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. The Macedonian dynasty was characterised by a cultural revival in spheres such as philosophy and the arts, and has been dubbed the "Golden Age" of Byzantium.

The cities of the empire expanded, and affluence spread across the provinces because of the newfound security. The population rose, and production increased, stimulating new demand for trade.

Culturally, there was considerable growth in education and learning (the "Macedonian Renaissance"). Ancient texts were preserved and recopied. Byzantine art flourished, and brilliant mosaics graced the interiors of the many new churches.

Macedonian Renaissance
Macedonian Renaissance (Greek: Μακεδονική Αναγέννηση) is a historiographical term used for the blossoming of Byzantine culture in the 9th–11th centuries, under the eponymous Macedonian dynasty (867–1056), following the upheavals and transformations of the 7th–8th centuries, also known as the "Byzantine Dark Ages". The period is also known as the era of Byzantine encyclopedism, because of the attempts to systematically organize and codify knowledge, exemplified by the works of the scholar-emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos.
Niles station
Niles station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Niles, Michigan. The station is served by three daily Wolverine round trips and one daily Blue Water round trip. It is located on the Michigan Line (the former Michigan Central Railroad mainline), east of the former Benton Harbor Branch crossing and west of the former junctions with the South Bend and Air Line Branches. The station building was constructed by the Michigan Central in 1892 to a design by architects Spier and Rohns. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Michigan Central Railroad Niles Depot. The station was upgraded in 1988 and renovated again in 2003.

Niles station was used as a filming location for Continental Divide, Midnight Run, and Only the Lonely, the latter of which spawned an annual tradition of adding Christmas lights and decorations around the station.

Niles, Michigan
Niles is a city in Berrien and Cass counties in the U.S. state of Michigan, near the Indiana state line city of South Bend. The population was 11,988 according to the 2020 census. It is the larger, by population, of the two principal cities in the Niles-Benton Harbor metropolitan area, an area with 153,797 people.
2012 Palmer Cup
The 2012 Palmer Cup was held on 28–30 June 2012 at the Royal County Down Golf Club in Newcastle, County Down, Northern Ireland. Europe won 13½–10½. The United States led 10–6 at the start of the final day but Europe won 7 of the 8 singles matches and halved the other to win the match.

Arnold Palmer Cup
The Arnold Palmer Cup is an annual team golf competition for college/university golfers. It is named for Arnold Palmer. From 2018 it has been contested between a United States team and an International team representing the rest of the world. The teams consist of 12 men and 12 women. The teams are selected on the basis of nationality, not according to the location of the players' universities.

The 2025 event was held from June 5 to 7 at Congaree Golf Club, in Gillisonville, South Carolina.

The 2026 event will be held July 3 to 5 at Tralee Golf Club, in Ireland.
Walter Toscanini
Walter Toscanini (March 19, 1898 — July, 1971) was an Italian-American historian and ballet choreographer. He was the son of Maestro Arturo Toscanini and Carla De Martini, and brother to sisters Wanda Toscanini (1908–1998) and Wally Toscanini (1900–1991). He was married to Lucia Fornaroli, a La Scala ballerina. His son was Walfredo Toscanini (1929–2011).

Wanda Toscanini Horowitz
Wanda Giorgina Toscanini Horowitz (December 7, 1907, Milan, Italy, – August 21, 1998) was the daughter of the conductor Arturo Toscanini and the wife of pianist Vladimir Horowitz.

As a child, Wanda studied piano and voice.  She never pursued a professional music career, fearing she could never live up to her father's exacting standards.  Despite this, she was one of the few people who was willing to stand up to her father.  When Arturo Toscanini refused to speak with her sister, Wally, following her affair with a married man, it was Wanda who confronted her father and insisted he reestablish contact. She was equally direct with her husband, whom she married in 1933.  In the 1950s, when Horowitz was playing a Schubert sonata, she complained of the work's length, which persuaded the pianist to forgo a repeat. She pointedly declined to accompany her husband for much of his 1983 tour, when he refused to accept that medications were adversely affecting his playing.
Valiant Brothers
The Valiant Brothers were a professional wrestling tag team of storyline brothers "Handsome" Jimmy Valiant, "Luscious" Johnny Valiant, and "Gentleman" Jerry Valiant. The team wrestled for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), the World Wide Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Federation (WWWF/WWF) and the World Wrestling Association (WWA).

NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version)
The Florida version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship was a major professional wrestling tag team championship. The title was defended sporadically in the National Wrestling Alliance affiliated Championship Wrestling from Florida from 1961 to 1962, 1978 to 1980, and then 1983 until 1986. While its name suggests it was defended throughout the United States, the title was actually a regional championship that was only defended throughout the Florida territory. The 1978-80 version of the United States Tag Team Championship belt inspired the current design for the NWA United States Tag Team Championship, upon reactivation in 2022.
Upirngiviaaluk
Upirngiviaaluk (Inuktitut: ᐅᐱᕐᖏᕕᐋᓗᒃ) formerly Emma Island is an uninhabited island located in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is a Baffin Island offshore island in Hudson Strait. The closest community is Kimmirut.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Qikiqtarjuaq and Rabbit Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Mark Schatz
Mark L. Schatz (born April 23, 1955) is an American bassist, banjoist, mandolinist, guitarist, clogger, and hambone performer who has recorded on albums for and toured with artists including Bela Fleck, Nickel Creek, Jerry Douglas, Maura O'Connell, Tony Rice, John Hartford, Emmylou Harris, Linda Ronstadt, and Tim O'Brien.

Jerry Douglas
Gerald Calvin Douglas (born May 28, 1956) is an American Dobro and lap steel guitar player and record producer. He is widely regarded as "perhaps the finest Dobro player in contemporary acoustic music, and certainly the most celebrated and prolific". A 14-time Grammy winner, he has been called "Dobro's matchless contemporary master" by The New York Times and is among the most innovative recording artists in music, both as a solo artist and member of numerous bands, such as Alison Krauss and Union Station and The Earls of Leicester. He has been a co-director of the Transatlantic Sessions since 1998.

Douglas was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2024.