hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bathna Krittibas railway station
Bathna Krittibas railway station is a halt railway station of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and operated by Eastern Railway. It is situated at Bathna Krittibas, Ghoralia, Shantipur on the Ranaghat–Shantipur line in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line
The Ranaghat–Krishnanagar City–Lalgola line is a 155 km (96 mi) long broad gauge railway line which connects Ranaghat Junction in the Nadia district with Lalgola in the Murshidabad district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The line runs up to the Bangladesh border near the Ganga river and is a part of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone.
Axiality and rhombicity
In physics and mathematics, axiality and rhombicity are two characteristics of a symmetric second-rank tensor in three-dimensional Euclidean space, describing its directional asymmetry.

Let A denote a second-rank tensor in R3, which can be represented by a 3-by-3 matrix. We assume that A is symmetric. This implies that A has three real eigenvalues, which we denote by ,  and . We assume that they are ordered such that

The axiality of A is defined by

The rhombicity is the difference between the smallest and the second-smallest eigenvalue:

Other definitions of axiality and rhombicity differ from the ones given above by constant factors which depend on the context. For example, when using them as parameters in the irreducible spherical tensor expansion, it is most convenient to divide the above definition of axiality by  and that of rhombicity by .

Symmetric tensor
In mathematics, a symmetric tensor is an unmixed tensor that is invariant under a permutation of its vector arguments:

for every permutation σ of the symbols {1, 2, ..., r}.  Alternatively, a symmetric tensor of order r represented in coordinates as a quantity with r indices satisfies

The space of symmetric tensors of order r on a finite-dimensional vector space V is naturally isomorphic to the dual of the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree r on V.  Over fields of characteristic zero, the graded vector space of all symmetric tensors can be naturally identified with the symmetric algebra on V. A related concept is that of the antisymmetric tensor or alternating form. Symmetric tensors occur widely in engineering, physics and mathematics.
Waterloo Road series 13
The thirteenth series of the British television drama series Waterloo Road began airing on 2 January 2024, and concluded on 26 February 2024.

The show follows the lives of staff and pupils of the eponymous secondary school in Greater Manchester while tackling a range of social issues. Topics covered include discussions around  transforming the school into an academy, grief, catfishing, truancy, cultural identity, teen pregnancy, cancer, child abuse, planning for the future, theft, isolation, student-teacher crushes, abortion, family conflict, and relationship issues.

Waterloo Road (TV series)
Waterloo Road is a British television drama series set in a comprehensive school of the same name, first broadcast on BBC One on 9 March 2006, and concluding its original run on 9 March 2015.

In September 2021, the show was recommissioned, with production returning to the Greater Manchester area.
Volvariella bombycina
Volvariella bombycina, commonly known as the silky volvariella, tree silksheath, silky sheath, silky rosegill, silver-silk straw mushroom, or tree mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Pluteaceae.

The fruit body (mushroom) begins developing in a thin, egg-like sac. This ruptures and the stem expands quickly, leaving the sac at the base of the stem as a volva. The cap, which can attain a diameter of up to 20 centimetres (8 inches), is white to slightly yellowish and covered with silky hairs. On the underside of the cap are closely spaced gills, free from attachment to the stem, and initially white before turning pink as the spores mature.

It is an uncommon but widespread species, having been reported from Eurasia, the Americas, and Australia. The mushroom grows singly or in clusters, often appearing in old knotholes and wounds in elms and maples. It is edible and contains compounds with antibacterial properties.

Pluteaceae
The Pluteaceae are a family of small to medium-sized mushrooms which have free gill attachment and pink spores.  Members of Pluteaceae can be mistaken for members of Entolomataceae, but can be distinguished by the angled spores and attached gills of the Entolomataceae.  The four genera in the Pluteaceae comprise the widely distributed Volvariella and Pluteus, the rare Chamaeota, and Volvopluteus, which was newly described in 2011 as a result of molecular analysis. The Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008) estimates there are 364 species in the family.
Ōbaku no Sanpitsu
Ōbaku no Sanpitsu (黄檗三筆) is a name given to a group of three famous Chinese calligraphers who lived in Japan:

Ingen Ryūki, 隱元隆琦 1592–1673

Mokuan Shōtō,木庵性瑫 1611–1684

Sokuhi Nyoitsu, 即非如一 1616–1671

They are all connected with the Ōbaku school of Zen Buddhism. Analogous groups of famous calligraphers include the Sanseki and Sanpitsu.

Sanpitsu
The term Sanpitsu (三筆) or "three brushes" is used in Japanese to refer to a group of three famous Heian period calligraphers:

Emperor Saga 嵯峨天皇, 786–842.

Kūkai 空海, 774–835.

Tachibana no Hayanari, 橘逸勢 c. 782-842.

Later groups of calligraphers were named in imitation of the original Sanpitsu.
Tiergarten (park)
The Tiergarten (German: [ˈtiːɐ̯ˌɡaʁtn̩] ⓘ, English: Animal Garden), formal German name: Großer  Tiergarten (English: Greater Animal Garden, or deer park, game hunting park), is a prominent park in Berlin's inner-city area, located completely in the district of the same name. It is one of the most popular parks in the city and at 210 hectares (520 acres) in size, is among the largest urban gardens in Germany. Only the Tempelhofer Park (previously Berlin's Tempelhof airport) and Munich's Englischer Garten are larger.

Englischer Garten
The Englischer Garten (German: [ˈɛŋlɪʃɐ ˈɡaʁtn̩], English Garden) is a large public park in the centre of Munich, Bavaria, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits. The creation began in 1789, supervised by Sir Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), later Count Rumford (Reichsgraf von Rumford), for Prince Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Thompson's successors, Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842) and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (1750–1823), advisers on the project from its beginning, both extended and improved the park.

With an area of 3.7 km2 (1.4 sq mi) (370 ha or 910 acres), the Englischer Garten is one of the world's largest urban public parks. The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape, a style popular in England from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century and particularly associated with Capability Brown.
Blackfire Profiler
Blackfire Profiler is a tool that instruments PHP applications to gather data about consumed server resources like memory, CPU time, and I/O operations. Blackfire is also a SaaS service to visualize any callgrind-compatible profile.

Its architecture  is based on a Probe, which is a PHP extension that gathers the raw performance profiles and an Agent, which is a server-side daemon that aggregates and forwards profiles to blackfire.io servers to visualize them.

Blackfire has been used by some popular PHP projects such as ownCloud, Drupal, Symfony and Laravel to improve their performance and to spot performance bottlenecks.

As of March 2015 Blackfire is actively developed.

Valgrind
Valgrind (/ˈvælɡrɪnd/) is a programming tool for memory debugging, memory leak detection, and profiling.

Valgrind was originally designed to be a freely licensed memory debugging tool for Linux on x86, but has since evolved to become a generic framework for creating dynamic analysis tools such as checkers and profilers.
NGC 7829
NGC 7829 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. NGC 7829 was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1886. NGC 7829 forms with its neighbor NGC 7828 a pair of gravitationally interacting galaxies. The pair appears in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 144.

Cetus (constellation)
Cetus (/ˈsiːtəs/ SEE-təss) is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Marc Noble
Major Sir Marc Noble (1927– January 1991) was a Scouting official. He was the Commonwealth Commissioner of the Scout Association, as well as the Chairman of the World Budget and Treasury Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

In 1988, Noble was awarded the 197th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also a recipient of the Silver World Award.

Noble was the great grandson of the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

He was High Sheriff of Kent in 1985-86. He was awarded a CBE in the New Years Honours list 1991, but died of cancer a week later.

High Sheriff of Kent
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (prior to 1974 the office previously known as sheriff). Formerly the high sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now obsolete, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The high sheriff changes every March. The current High Sheriff is Jonathan Neame.

This is a list of high sheriffs of Kent.
Penis as food
Penis or pizzle is a type of offal. In many cultures, it is a taboo food. Penis is eaten in some cultures or traditional medicine systems as a purported health food: it may be seen as an aphrodisiac, a cure for sexual dysfunction, a hangover cure, and more. Penis is often paired with testicles as food.

Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
Annapurna Rural Municipality, Myagdi
Annapurna Rural Municipality, Myagdi (Nepali: अन्नपूर्ण गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Myagdi District in Gandaki Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Annapurna is one of these 753 local units.

Gandaki Province
Gandaki Province (Nepali: गण्डकी  प्रदेश, romanized: Gaṇḍakī pradēśa ([ɡʌɳɖʌki]) Listenⓘ) is one of the seven federal provinces established by the current constitution of Nepal which was promulgated on 20 September 2015. Pokhara is the province's capital city. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region in Southwestern China to the north, Bagmati Province to the east, Karnali Province to the west, and Lumbini Province and Bihar in India to the south. The total area of the province is 21,504 km2 (8,303 sq mi), constituting 14.57% of Nepal's total area. According to the 2021 census, the population of the province was 2,479,745. The newly elected Provincial Assembly adopted Gandaki Province as the permanent name, replacing its initial name Province No. 4 on 27 April 2023. Surendra Raj Pandey is the present chief minister of Gandaki Province.
2018 Americas Challenge (November)
The 2018 Americas Challenge was a curling challenge that took place from November 16 to 18 at the Chaska Curling Club in Chaska, Minnesota, United States.

This was the first time the Americas Challenge had three teams competing, with Guyana making their first appearance. The winner will be the second team from the Americas zone to qualify for the 2019 World Men's Curling Championship (Canada qualifies automatically as the host). The second-placed team will qualify for the 2019 World Qualification Event, a further chance to qualify for the men's world championship.

The United States went undefeated to qualify for the World Men's Curling Championship. Guyana's debut was a success, as while they lost both of their games to the US, they beat Brazil twice to secure second place and a spot in the World Qualification Event.

A women's event was scheduled with Brazil taking on the United States, but Brazil chose to concede, going straight to the 2019 World Qualification Event.

Americas Challenge
The Americas Challenge was a curling challenge held by the World Curling Federation between teams in its Americas zone. The winner of the challenge qualified their country for the World Curling Championships, and in later years, the runner-up for the now defunct World Qualification Event. The challenge is not automatically held every year, and only takes place when a team in the Americas zone challenges the second-ranked Americas team in that year's World Curling Championship (or the first-ranked team if the second-ranked is hosting).

The challenge merged with the Pacific-Asia Curling Championships to become the Pan Continental Curling Championships in 2022.
Siegfried Mureșan
Siegfried Mureșan (born 20 September 1981) is a Romanian economist and politician, vice-president of the European People's Party (EPP) since November 2019, vice-president of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group) in the European Parliament and member of the National Liberal Party (PNL). He was elected as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Romania in 2014 and 2019. Previously, he was a member of the People's Movement Party (PMP) between 2014 and 2018 and the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) before 2014.

European Parliament Committee on Budgets
The Committee on Budgets (BUDG) is a committee of the European Parliament. It has 41 members plus 39 substitute members. The committee's current chair is Jean Arthuis, who has held this position since 7 July 2014.
Gustav Jaumann
Gustav Andreas Johannes Jaumann (1863–1924) was an Austrian physicist. 
An assistant to the physicist Ernst Mach, he had a talent for mathematics, but disbelieved the existence of small particles like electrons and atoms. Between 1901 and 1924 he taught physics 
at the German Technical University in Brno. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1911.

Ernst Mach
Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (/mɑːx/ MAHK; Austrian German: [ˈɛrnst ˈmax] ⓘ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher who contributed to the understanding of the physics of shock waves. The ratio of the speed of a flow or object to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honor. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Isaac Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
How to Survive a Plague
How to Survive a Plague is a 2012 American documentary film depicting the early years of the AIDS epidemic, and the efforts of activist groups ACT UP and TAG. It was directed by David France, a journalist who covered AIDS from its beginnings. France's first film, it was dedicated to his partner Doug Gould who died of AIDS-related pneumonia in 1992.

International AIDS Society
The International AIDS Society (IAS) is the world's largest association of HIV/AIDS professionals, with 11,600 members from over 170 countries as of July 2020, including clinicians, people living with HIV, service providers, policy makers and others. It aims to reduce the global impact of AIDS through collective advocacy. Founded in 1988, IAS headquarters are located in Geneva, and its president since 2024 is Beatriz Grinsztejn.

The IAS hosts the biennial International AIDS Conference, the IAS Conference on HIV Science, and the HIV Research for Prevention Conference.
Bhatter College
Bhatter College Dantan, also known simply as Dantan College, is an autonomous undergraduate, coeducational college situated in Dantan, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. It was established in 1963. The college was under Vidyasagar University, until January 2024.

Vidyasagar University
Vidyasagar University is a public state research university
that was established by an Act of the West Bengal legislature which was notified in the Calcutta Gazette on 24 June 1981. It is an affiliating university in Paschim Medinipur district of southern West Bengal, India. It offers courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

It was founded by the University of Cambridge mathematician and statistician Anil Kumar Gain.
Hydristor
Hydristor is a joining of the words 'hydraulic' and 'transistor'. The
device invented by Tom Kasmer in 1996 and is based on the dual pressure balanced hydraulic vane pump invented by Harry F. Vickers in 1925.

Continuously variable transmission
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios, typically resulting in better fuel economy in gasoline applications. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant angular velocity while the vehicle moves at varying speeds.
Thus, CVT has a simpler structure, longer internal component lifespan in theory, and potentially greater durability. Compared to traditional or standard  automatic transmissions, it offers lower fuel consumption and greater environmental friendliness.

CVTs are used in cars, tractors, side-by-sides, motor scooters, snowmobiles, bicycles, and heavy equipment. The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain; however, several other designs have also been used at times.
Camilla Huse
Camilla Huse (born 31 August 1979) is a Norwegian former footballer. She made her debut on the Norway women's national football team in 2005.

In the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China, Huse played in all of the Norwegian team's matches — the team finished in fourth place behind USA, Brazil and Germany.

Huse played with the club Kolbotn, which won the Norwegian league  in 2002, 2005 and 2006.  She announced her retirement at the end of 2007 and missed most of the 2008 season through pregnancy, but then joined the League and Cup champion club Røa IL at the beginning of 2009.  She was with the Norway team at the UEFA Women's Euro 2009 played in Finland between Europe's top twelve footballing nations.

Huse is the mother of two girls and works as a teacher.

Norwegian Football Federation
The Norwegian Football Federation (Bokmål: Norges Fotballforbund, Nynorsk: Noregs Fotballforbund; NFF) is the governing body of football in Norway. It was formed in 1902 and organises the men's and women's national teams, as well as the league systems for men and women (whose top levels are respectively the Eliteserien and Toppserien). The current president of NFF is Lise Klaveness. By 1 January 2004, there were 1,814 clubs organized in Norway and 373,532 registered players. It is the largest sports federation in Norway.

The NFF joined FIFA in 1908, and UEFA in 1954.

The NFF was part of an unsuccessful joint bid with the SvFF, the DBU and the SPL to host the UEFA Euro 2008 championship. The SvFF invited the NFF to join them in bidding for the UEFA Euro 2016 championship. The NFF and Norwegian politicians expressed support for such a proposal, but Euro 2016 was eventually awarded to France.
1998 Prankote massacre
The 1998 Prankote massacre was the killing and beheading of 29 Hindus in the villages of Prankote and Dakikote by Islamist militants in the Udhampur district (now in Reasi district) of the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir on 17 April, 1998. The victims included 13 women and children. The houses of those killed were later set to fire. Survivors claimed that the killers had told the villagers to convert to Islam and massacred the villagers after they refused. More than 1,000 villagers fled their homes in the area after the massacre. It also provoked outrage across India. The massacre was one of a series of massacres of Hindu villagers by Islamist militants in 1998.

Udhampur district
Udhampur district is an administrative district in the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. Covering an area of 4,550 square kilometres (1,760 sq mi) in the Himalayan mountains, the district has its headquarters in the town of Udhampur. The Northern Command headquarters of the Indian Army is located in the district.
Charles Thorold Wood
Charles Thorold Wood, senior (15 January 1777 – 13 March 1852) was an English army officer and country gentleman whose sons Charles Thorold Wood, junior (1817–1849) and Neville Wood (1818–25 March 1886) were ornithologists. Several accounts have confounded him with his namesake son who wrote The Ornithological Guide (1835). Charles junior also wrote under the initials S.D.W. Neville wrote two books including British Song Birds (1836) which was dedicated to Edward Blyth, and The ornithologists' text-book (1836) dedicated to John Latham.

John Latham (ornithologist)
John Latham FRS (27 June 1740 – 4 February 1837) was an English physician, naturalist and author. His main works were A General Synopsis of Birds (1781–1801) and A General History of Birds (1821–1828). He was able to examine specimens of Australian birds that reached England in the final twenty years of the 18th century, and was responsible for providing English names for many of them. He named some of Australia's most famous birds, including the emu, sulphur-crested cockatoo, wedge-tailed eagle, superb lyrebird, Australian magpie, magpie-lark, white-throated needletail and pheasant coucal. Latham has been called the "grandfather" of Australian ornithology. He was also the first to describe the hyacinth macaw from South America.
John Gast (priest)
Christianity portal

John Gast (1715 - 1788) was an Irish Anglican priest and historian.

The son of a French Huguenot, Gast was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was the Archdeacon of Glendalough from 1764 to 1778. He also wrote extensively on Irish and Greek history.

Archdeacon of Glendalough
The office of Archdeacon of Glendalough is a senior ecclesiastical role within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough, previously the Diocese of Glendalough. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within the Diocese. The Roman Catholic succession of the role ceased long ago but it continues in the Church of Ireland.