hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Markwood, West Virginia
Markwood is an unincorporated community located along U.S. Route 50/U.S. Route 220 (also known as the Northwestern Turnpike) in the Mill Creek Valley west of Burlington in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States. The ZIP code for Markwood is 26710.

Burlington, West Virginia
Burlington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States, along U.S. Route 50 (also known as the Northwestern Turnpike) crossing Pattersons Creek. As of the 2020 census, its population was 131. It is part of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool C
Group C of the 2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2005 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the sixteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I. The top two teams advanced to World Group II play-offs, and the bottom two teams were relegated down to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II for the next year.
Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway
The Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway (N&FS) is a historic railway that operated in the West Kootenay region of southern British Columbia. The railway's name derived from a misspelling of Fort Shepherd, a former Hudson's Bay Company fort, on the west bank of the Columbia River immediately north of the border.

The N&FS connected the city of Nelson with the Canada–United States border at Waneta.

Nelson, British Columbia
Nelson is a city in British Columbia, Canada. The city contains heritage buildings constructed during the regional silver rush of 1886. Along with Castlegar and Trail, Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region. The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston, and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Columbia-Kootenay-Southern Rockies.
Breil, Maine-et-Loire
Breil (French pronunciation: [bʁɛj] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Noyant-Villages. Breil's nearest town is Noyant (6 km).

Noyant
Noyant (French pronunciation: [nwajɑ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 15 December 2016, it was merged into the new commune Noyant-Villages. The archivist and historian François Jourda de Vaux de Foletier (1893–1988) was born in Noyant
2023 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Trieste
The 2023 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Trieste was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 4th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Trieste, Italy between 17 and 23 July 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Charuni Patibanda-Sanchez
Charuni Patibanda-Sanchez is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Delaware. Patibanda-Sanchez, a Democrat, is the Secretary of State of Delaware, an appointment she has held since January 28, 2025.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Champurrado
Champurrado is a chocolate-based atole, a warm and thick Mexican beverage. It is prepared with either a masa (lime-treated corn dough), masa harina (a dried version of this dough), or corn flour (simply very finely ground dried corn, especially local varieties grown for atole); piloncillo; water or milk; chocolate; and occasionally cinnamon, aniseed, or vanilla. Ground nuts, orange zest, and egg can also be added to thicken and enrich the drink. Atole drinks are whipped up using a wooden whisk called a molinillo. The whisk is rolled between the palms of the hands, then moved back and forth in the mixture, until it is aerated and frothy; a blender may also be used.

Champurrado is traditionally served with a churro in the morning as a simple breakfast or as a late afternoon snack. Champurrado is also very popular during Day of the Dead and at Las Posadas (during the Christmas season), where it is served alongside tamales. Champurrado may also be made with alcohol.

Churro
A churro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃuro], Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃuʁu]) is a type of fried dough from Spanish and Portuguese cuisine, made with choux pastry dough piped into hot oil with a piping bag and large closed star tip or similar shape. They are also found in Latin American cuisine, Philippine cuisine and in other areas that have received immigration from Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, especially in France and the Southwestern United States.

In Spain, churros can either be thin (and sometimes knotted) or long and thick, where they are known as porras, jeringos, or tejeringos in some regions. They are normally eaten for breakfast dipped in coffee, or in hot chocolate for an afternoon snack. There are also two slightly different snacks in Portugal, called porra and fartura, which are filled with jelly instead of the doce de leite traditional to Brazilian churros.
The Institute of Science, Mumbai
19°08′01.09″N 72°54′55.29″E﻿ / ﻿19.1336361°N 72.9153583°E﻿ / 19.1336361; 72.9153583

The Institute of Science (formerly known as the Royal Institute of Science (RIS)) is an institution of postgraduate education and research located in Mumbai, India. It is managed by the Government of Maharashtra and is clustered from 2019 batch with the              Dr. Homi Bhabha State University.

It is accredited with an 'A' Grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in March 2014.

University of Mumbai
University of Mumbai is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.

It was established in 1857 as the University of Bombay following a dispatch from Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, to Governor-General Lord Dalhousie. There are courses available covering science, commerce and the arts.
Valmadonna Trust Library
The Valmadonna Trust Library was a collection of 13,000 printed books and manuscripts printed in Hebrew or in Hebrew script. It was sold by the Trustees in January 2017 to the National Library of Israel (NLI). It is named after Valmadonna, a small town near Alessandria in north-west Italy with longstanding connections to the Lunzer family. The collection encompasses works from throughout the world, particularly Italy, "the cradle of Hebrew printing", and covers over a millennium; many items in the collection are rare or unique, and many date back to the earliest Hebrew printings. Before it was acquired by the NLI, Arthur Kiron, curator of Judaica collections at the University of Pennsylvania, said, "I don't know any other collection quite like it in private hands. It even rivals some of the great institutional collections in the world."

David Kimhi
David Kimhi (Hebrew: ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK (רַדָּ״ק) (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.
Multicollinearity
In statistics, multicollinearity or collinearity is a situation where the predictors in a regression model are linearly dependent.

Perfect multicollinearity refers to a situation where the predictive variables have an exact linear relationship. When there is perfect collinearity, the design matrix  has less than full rank, and therefore the moment matrix  cannot be inverted. In this situation, the parameter estimates of the regression are not well-defined, as the system of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Imperfect multicollinearity refers to a situation where the predictive variables have a nearly exact linear relationship.

The Gauss–Markov theorem assumes absence of perfect multicollinearity.

The adverse effect of highly correlated variables is widely known and proven many times.

To address the high collinearity of a dataset, variance inflation factor can be used to identify the collinearity of the predictor variables.

Scientific misconduct
Scientific misconduct refers to violations of ethical and professional standards in research, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and other practices that compromise the integrity of the design, conduct, analysis, reporting, or publication of scientific or research findings.
Paulinho (footballer, born July 2000)
Paulo Henrique Sampaio Filho, commonly known as Paulinho (Brazilian Portuguese: [pawˈlĩɲu]; born 15 July 2000), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward or winger for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Palmeiras and the Brazil national team.

2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 61st season of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 15th edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003. The season began on 13 May 2017 and ended on 3 December 2017. The top six teams qualified to Copa Libertadores and the last four were relegated to Série B of 2018.

Corinthians won their seventh title and was the first team in the history of the tournament, since the double round-robin system was established in 2003, to finish the first round undefeated.
Merryl Tengesdal
Merryl Tengesdal (born 1971) is an American retired career military officer who is the first and only Black woman to fly the United States Air Force's U-2 spy plane used for specialized high-altitude reconnaissance missions. She is one of five women and only the fourth Black person (in 2004) to be in the U-2 program. She shares the plane's nickname, The Dragon Lady.

Tengesdal is a military veteran, aviator, and commander who served in both the US Navy and the US Air Force. She served as Director of Inspections for The Air Force Inspector General from October 2015 through August 2017, retiring at the rank of United States Air Force Colonel.

Tengesdal had also served in the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan.

Naval Station Mayport
Naval Station Mayport (IATA: NRB, ICAO: KNRB, FAA LID: NRB) is a major United States Navy base on San Pablo Island in Jacksonville, Florida. It contains a protected harbor that can accommodate aircraft carrier-size vessels, ship's intermediate maintenance activity (SIMA) and a military airfield (Admiral David L. McDonald Field) with one asphalt paved runway (5/23) measuring 8,001 ft × 200 ft (2,439 m × 61 m).
Ampersand curve
In geometry, the ampersand curve is a type of quartic plane curve. It was named after its resemblance to the ampersand symbol by Henry Cundy and Arthur Rollett.

The ampersand curve is the graph of the equation

The graph of the ampersand curve has three crunode points where it intersects itself at (0,0), (1,1), and (1,-1). The curve has a genus of 0.

The curve was originally constructed by Julius Plücker as a quartic plane curve that has 28 real bitangents, the maximum possible for bitangents of a quartic.

It is the special case of the Plücker quartic

with

The curve has 6 real horizontal tangents at

and

And 4 real vertical tangents at  and

It is an example of a curve that has no value of x in its domain with only one y value.

Bitangents of a quartic
In the theory of algebraic plane curves, a general quartic plane curve has 28 bitangent lines, lines that are tangent to the curve in two places. These lines exist in the complex projective plane, but it is possible to define quartic curves for which all 28 of these lines have real numbers as their coordinates and therefore belong to the Euclidean plane.

An explicit quartic with twenty-eight real bitangents was first given by Plücker (1839) As Plücker showed, the number of real bitangents of any quartic must be 28, 16, or a number less than 9. Another quartic with 28 real bitangents can be formed by the locus of centers of ellipses with fixed axis lengths, tangent to two non-parallel lines.
Shioda (1995) gave a different construction of a quartic with twenty-eight bitangents, formed by projecting a cubic surface; twenty-seven of the bitangents to Shioda's curve are real while the twenty-eighth is the line at infinity in the projective plane.
2008 Swaziland Four Nations Tournament
The Swaziland Four Nations Tournament 2008 soccer finals were held from February 9 to February 10, 2008, at the Somhlolo National Stadium in Lobamba, Swaziland.
Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho and Mozambique IX were the teams who played in this tournament. Malawi were originally due to take part, but withdrew at the last moment and Mozambique took their place. Mozambique played with an Invitational XI not their A team, therefore all their matches are unofficial.

Somhlolo National Stadium
Somhlolo National Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Lobamba, Eswatini. Built in 1968, it has artificial turf and  holds 20,000 fans. It is used for soccer and rugby matches, and athletics events.

The stadium is named after King Sobhuza I, also known as Somhlolo, who moved his people into the region now known as Eswatini, and is considered the father of the country.

It is the largest stadium in the country. It was banned by CAF from hosting international matches in 2019, and was closed for renovations in 2022. It reopened in January 2024.
Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem
In mathematics, the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem, named after Friedrich Hirzebruch, Bernhard Riemann, and Gustav Roch, is Hirzebruch's 1954 result generalizing the classical Riemann–Roch theorem on Riemann surfaces to all complex algebraic varieties of higher dimensions. The result paved the way for the Grothendieck–Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem proved about three years later.

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Myrmica lampra
Myrmica lampra is a species of ant in the genus Myrmica. It is found in Quebec as was named in 1968 by Andre Francoeur. The species is evidently inquiline (it lives in the nest of other Myrmica species).

Myrmica
Myrmica is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is widespread throughout the temperate regions of the Holarctic and high mountains in Southeast Asia.

The genus consists of around 200 known species and additional subspecies, although this figure is likely to rise as soon as the Chinese and Nearctic fauna lists are revised.
Rauenstein Castle
50°43′44.50″N 13°12′03.50″E﻿ / ﻿50.7290278°N 13.2009722°E﻿ / 50.7290278; 13.2009722

Rauenstein Castle (German: Schloss Rauenstein) is a castle in the village of Rauenstein in the town of Pockau-Lengefeld in the Ore Mountains of Central Europe. The castle guarded the crossing over the River Flöha along the road from Freiberg to Annaberg.

Pockau-Lengefeld
Pockau-Lengefeld (German pronunciation: [ˈpɔkaʊ ˈlɛŋəˌfɛlt]) is a town in the district Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the Ore Mountains, 23 km southeast of Chemnitz. It was formed by the merger of the municipality Pockau and the town Lengefeld on 1 January 2014.
Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense
Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense is a logical argument developed by the American analytic philosopher Alvin Plantinga and published in its final version in his 1977 book God, Freedom, and Evil. Plantinga's argument is a defense against the logical problem of evil as formulated by the philosopher J. L. Mackie beginning in 1955. Mackie's formulation of the logical problem of evil argued that three attributes ascribed to God (omniscience, omnipotence, and omnibenevolence) are logically incompatible with the existence of evil.

Compatibilism
Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. The opposing belief, that the thesis of determinism is logically incompatible with the classical thesis of free will, is known as "incompatibilism".

Compatibilists often believe that freedom can be present or absent in situations for reasons that have nothing to do with metaphysics. In other words, that causal determinism does not exclude the truth of possible future outcomes. Because free will is often seen as a necessary prerequisite for moral responsibility, compatibilism is commonly used to support compatibility between moral responsibility and determinism.

Similarly, political liberty is a non-metaphysical concept. Statements of political liberty, such as the United States Bill of Rights, assume moral liberty: the ability to choose to do otherwise than what one does.
Bishop McGann-Mercy Diocesan High School
Bishop McGann-Mercy Diocesan High School (formerly Mercy High School) was a Roman Catholic high school in Riverhead, New York on Long Island.   It was operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre. The Diocese closed the school in 2018.

Riverhead (CDP), New York
Riverhead is a census-designated place (CDP) roughly corresponding to the hamlet by the same name located in the Town of Riverhead in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The CDP's population was 13,299 at the 2010 census.

Situated at the mouth of the Peconic River, which empties into Peconic Bay where the North and South Forks of Long Island split, the town of Riverhead (of which the CDP is a part) is the official county seat of Suffolk County. In the 1960s, most of the county offices moved to the CDP of Hauppauge in the towns of Islip and Smithtown in the more populous western half of the county—a move which still spurs attempts for the town of Riverhead to lead the way for the secession of eastern Long Island towns to form Peconic County.
Marconi Trail
The Marconi Trail is a scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Located in eastern Cape Breton Island, the route is entirely within the Cape Breton Regional Municipality and runs from Louisbourg to Glace Bay along the island's eastern coast.

The Glace Bay terminus is at the Marconi National Historic Site, which marks the location of the first radio transmission from North America to Europe, made by Guglielmo Marconi in 1902.  The Marconi Trail measures approximately 63 km (39 mi) in length.

Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquess (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937), was an Italian radio-frequency engineer, inventor, and politician known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based wireless telegraph system. This led to his being largely credited as the inventor of radio and sharing the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy."
His work laid the foundation for the development of radio, television, and all modern wireless communication systems.

As an entrepreneur and a businessman, Marconi founded The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (later the Marconi Company) in the United Kingdom in 1897. In 1929, he was ennobled as a marquess (Italian: marchese) by King Victor Emmanuel III. In 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.
Muricopsis suga
Muricopsis suga is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

Subspecies

Muricopsis suga discissus Houart, 1990

Muricopsis suga suga (Fischer-Piette, 1942)

Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognized. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, although experts disagree about the subfamily divisions and the definitions of the genera.
Many muricids have unusual shells which are considered attractive by shell collectors and by interior designers.
Kunowsky (lunar crater)
Kunowsky is a small lunar impact crater on the Mare Insularum, in the western half of the Moon's near side. It is named after the German astronomer Georg Karl Friedrich Kunowsky. It lies about one third the distance from Encke to the west-northwest and Lansberg to the east-southeast.

This formation is surrounded by lunar mare, and the interior has been flooded by basaltic lava, leaving only a roughly circular rim projecting above the surface. The rim is slender and sharp-edged, with no significant erosion. Apart from a tiny craterlet at the midpoint of the interior floor, this crater has no other significant features. It does lie in a region of the mare where rays from the craters Kepler to the northwest and Copernicus farther to the northeast.

Copernicus (lunar crater)
Copernicus is a lunar impact crater located in eastern Oceanus Procellarum. It was named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. It typifies craters that formed during the Copernican period in that it has a prominent ray system.
It may have been created by debris from the breakup of the parent body of asteroid 495 Eulalia 800 million years ago.
Nguyễn Hải Huy
Nguyễn Hải Huy (born 18 June 1991) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for V.League 2 club Bắc Ninh. He appeared twice with the Vietnam national team between 2022 and 2023.

Than Quang Ninh FC
Than Quang Ninh Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Than Quảng Ninh), simply known as Quang Ninh or TQN, was a professional football club, based in Cẩm Phả, Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam.

They last played in the V.League 1 in 2021 and were sponsored by Vinacomin. They were omitted from V-League competitions for 2022, after loss of their main sponsor and other financial difficulties.