hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is an extension to the Standard Model that realizes supersymmetry. MSSM is the minimal supersymmetrical model as it considers only "the [minimum] number of new particle states and new interactions consistent with "Reality". Supersymmetry pairs bosons with fermions, so every Standard Model particle has a (yet undiscovered) superpartner. If discovered, such superparticles could be candidates for dark matter, and could provide evidence for grand unification or the viability of string theory. The failure to find evidence for MSSM using the Large Hadron Collider has strengthened an inclination to abandon it.

Chargino
In particle physics, the chargino is a hypothetical particle which refers to the mass eigenstates of a charged superpartner, i.e. any new electrically charged fermion (with spin 1/2) predicted by supersymmetry.  They are linear combinations of the charged wino and charged higgsinos. There are two charginos that are fermions and are electrically charged, which are typically labeled C͂±1 (the lightest) and C͂±2 (the heaviest), although sometimes  and  are also used to refer to charginos, when  is used to refer to neutralinos. The heavier chargino can decay through the neutral Z boson to the lighter chargino.  Both can decay through a charged W boson to a neutralino:

C͂±2 → C͂±1 + Z0

C͂±2 → N͂02 + W±

C͂±1 → N͂01 + W±
2021 U.S. Open Swimming Championships
The 2021 Toyota U.S Open Swimming Championships was held from December 1 to 4, 2021 at Greensboro Aquatic Center in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. Competition was conducted in a long course (50-meter) pool.

U.S. Open (swimming)
The U.S. Open Swimming Championships, or U.S. Open, is a championship meet organized by USA Swimming which is open to international teams/swimmers. It was first held in 1985, and was held annually in December through 2006. Beginning in 2007, the meet's first-weekend-of-December timing was given over to the resurrected USA Short Course Nationals, and the U.S. Open moved to being held on an as-needed basis (generally in years where the USA championship that is swum is closed or partially closed to foreign swimmers). From 2007 to 2017, the meet was held in early August, in years where the U.S. Nationals were not held in August. In recent years, the meet has returned to the end of the calendar year.

The meet is traditionally a long course (50m) meet, although twice has been swum short course meters (25m): in 1996 and in 1998 (the latter where it immediately followed a World Aquatics Swimming World Cup meet).
Electoral history of Eugene McCarthy
Electoral history of Eugene McCarthy, United States Senator (1959–1971) and Representative (1949–1959) from Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (Democratic Party on the national level).

McCarthy was also a candidate for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination, coming first in the primaries. He later ran for President four times.

Abraham Ribicoff
Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (April 9, 1910 – February 22, 1998) was an American politician from the state of Connecticut. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Connecticut in the United States House of Representatives and Senate and was the 80th governor of Connecticut and secretary of health, education, and welfare in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. He was Connecticut's first and to date only Jewish governor.
Murray McLauchlan (album)
Murray McLauchlan is a 1972 folk rock album by Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist, pianist, broadcaster and actor, Murray McLauchlan.

Murray travelled to New York City to record this album, between June and July at The Record Plant. This is evident in his backing musicians which include a number of well known American musicians of the time including Tony Levin, Charlie Hayward of the Charlie Daniels Band and David Spinozza. He also enlisted record producer Ed Freeman who had produced Don McLean's best selling album American Pie the previous year.

The album is notable as well for containing the first known commercially released version of the Warren Zevon song "Carmelita", which was not released by Zevon himself until 1976, and was covered by Linda Ronstadt in 1977. McLauchlan performed a version of "Carmelita" on a 1989 TV show recorded at Toronto's Diamond Club featuring a vocal duet with Canadian alt-country singer Lori Yates.

American Pie (Don McLean album)
American Pie is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Don McLean, released by United Artists Records in October 1971. The folk rock album reached number one on the Billboard 200, containing the chart-topping singles "American Pie" and "Vincent". Recorded in May and June 1971 at The Record Plant in New York City, the LP is dedicated to Buddy Holly, and was reissued in 1980 minus the track "Sister Fatima". The album was released to much acclaim, later being included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

At the Australian 1972 King of Pop Awards the album won Most Popular Overseas L.P.
Free-radical addition
In organic chemistry, free-radical addition is an addition reaction which involves free radicals.  These reactions can happen due to the free radicals having an unpaired electron in their valence shell, making them highly reactive.  Radical additions are known for a variety of unsaturated substrates, both olefinic or aromatic and with or without heteroatoms.

Free-radical reactions depend on one or more relatively weak bonds in a reagent.  Under reaction conditions (typically heat or light), some weak bonds homolyse into radicals, which then induce further decomposition in their compatriots before recombination.  Different mechanisms typically apply to reagents without such a weak bond.

Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula  CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic.
Football at the 2025 SEA Games – Men's tournament final
The 2025 SEA Games football gold medal match (Thai: การแข่งขันฟุตบอลชิงเหรียญทองซีเกมส์ 2568) was a football match to determine the gold medal winners of men's football tournament at the 2025 SEA Games. The match was the 33rd final of the men's football tournament at the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), a biennial tournament contested by the men's under-22 national teams of the member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) to decide the SEA Games men's football champions. The match was held at Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 December 2025.

The final was contested between hosts Thailand and rivals Vietnam. Both teams were seeking their seventeenth and fourth SEA Games title, respectively. Earlier in the year, at senior level, Vietnam defeated Thailand in the 2024 ASEAN Championship final held at Rajamangala Stadium.

Vietnam won the match 3–2 after extra time, winning their fourth ever gold medal in the SEA Games men's football event.

Football at the 2025 SEA Games – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2025 SEA Games (Thai: การแข่งขันฟุตบอลชายซีเกมส์ 2568) was held from 3 to 18 December 2025. It was the 33rd edition of the men's SEA Games football tournament. Teams participating in the men's competition were restricted to under-22 players (born on or after 1 January 2003).

Indonesia were the defending champions, having won in 2023, but they failed to get past the group stages as they were defeated by the Philippines and failed to get the best second-placed team to advance to the semi-finals (scored one goal fewer than Malaysia), which marked the first time since 2019 that a defending champions and the first time for Indonesia's team since 2009 were eliminated in the group stage. The Vietnamese went on to win their third title (as unified country) and fourth title (in total) in history by defeating Thailand 3–2 in the final. For Thailand, this was the first time since 1967 that they failed to achieve a gold medal on their home soil.
Stewart Sterk
Stewart E. Sterk is the Mack Professor of Law at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University in New York City. He has taught there since 1979.

Professor Sterk served as an advisor in the preparation of the Restatement (Third) of Property (Servitudes), and has co-authored casebooks on trusts and estates and land use. He is the editor-in-chief of the New York Real Estate Law Reporter, a monthly newsletter. He received his Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School, where he was managing editor of the Columbia Law Review. He later clerked for Chief Judge Charles D. Breitel of the New York Court of Appeals.

Sterk is also known for his raincoats.

Charles D. Breitel
Charles David Breitel (December 12, 1908, New York City – December 1, 1991, Manhattan, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1974 to 1978.
1955 IRFU college draft
The 1955 IRFU college draft was the third and final official sports draft held by the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, a predecessor of the East Division of the Canadian Football League, in the spring of 1955. 41 players were chosen from among eligible players from five eastern universities, McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and McMaster University. The Ottawa Rough Riders had the first selection, Gino Fracas, in the last draft to feature eastern teams exclusively.

1955 in Canadian football
The Edmonton Eskimos defeat the Montreal Alouettes in the first Grey Cup held in the west. This was also the first year that the Grey Cup was open to professional teams only, as the amateur Ontario Rugby Football Union was not invited to compete in an inter-union playdown, leaving only the (Eastern Canadian) Interprovincial Rugby Football Union and the (Western Canadian) Western Interprovincial Football Union to compete for the Canadian championship.
Saar–Nahe Basin
Saar–Nahe Basin is a molasse basin in southwest Germany. The basin is located south of the Hunsrück mountains  between the rivers Nahe and the Saar.   The aggregation of sediments in the basin started in the late Carboniferous and Early Permian as part of the Variscan orogeny.

Molasse
In geology, "molasse" (/məˈlæs/) are sandstones, shales and conglomerates that form as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains. The molasse deposits accumulate in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch-like deposits, for example, those that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. These deposits are typically the non-marine alluvial and fluvial sediments of lowlands, as compared to deep-water flysch sediments.  Sedimentation stops when the orogeny stops, or when the mountains have eroded flat.

The molasse can sometimes completely fill a foreland basin, creating a nearly flat depositional surface, that nonetheless remains a structural syncline.  Molasse can be very thick near the mountain front, but usually thins out towards the interior of a craton; such massive, convex accumulations of sediment are known as clastic wedges.
Methasone
The methasones (or metasones) are a class of corticosteroids which are generally used in dermatology. They are defined by substitution with a methyl group at the C16α or C16β position of the pregnane steroid nucleus.

Examples of methasones include alclometasone, amelometasone, beclometasone, betamethasone, cormetasone, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, flumetasone, halometasone, icometasone, mometasone, and paramethasone, among others.

Fluprednidene and prednylidene are corticosteroids which feature a methylene group instead of a methyl group at the C16 position while fluocinolone and triamcinolone are corticosteroids which feature a hydroxyl group instead of a methyl group at the C16α position.

Halometasone
Halometasone is a potent (Group III) synthetic tri-halogenated corticosteroid for topical application possessing pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiexudative, antiepidermoplastic, antiallergic, and antipruritic properties. It has been approved in many European countries including Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Netherlands, Belgium, and Portugal and other regions such as China, Hong Kong, Turkey, Israel, South Africa and India.

It has been used to treat chronic psoriasis vulgaris and non-infected acute eczematous dermatoses (eczema). One study demonstrated that 0.05% halometasone cream was more effective than 0.05% betamethasone cream in treating dermatitis, though both were well tolerated, with no systemic adverse effects reported.
Microarchitecture simulation
Microarchitecture simulation is an important technique in computer architecture research and computer science education. It is a tool for modeling the design and behavior of a microprocessor and its components, such as the ALU, cache memory, control unit, and data path, among others. The simulation allows researchers to explore the design space as well as to evaluate the performance and efficiency of novel microarchitecture features. For example, several microarchitecture components, such as branch predictors, re-order buffer, and trace cache, went through numerous simulation cycles before they become common components in contemporary microprocessors of today. In addition, the simulation also enables educators to teach computer organization and architecture courses with hand-on experiences.

For system-level simulation of computer hardware, please refer to the full system simulation.

Arithmetic logic unit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs).

The inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code indicating the operation to be performed (opcode); the ALU's output is the result of the performed operation. In many designs, the ALU also has status inputs or outputs, or both, which convey information about a previous operation or the current operation, respectively, between the ALU and external status registers.
Bhutan–United States relations
Bhutan and the United States have no formal diplomatic relations, but relations between the two nations are viewed as "friendly and close", due to shared values between the two countries. The increasingly close relationship between India and the U.S. has also helped to improve U.S.–Bhutanese relations.

Bhutan is represented in the U.S. through its permanent mission to the United Nations. The United States is represented through the American embassy in New Delhi, India. Bhutan is one of two countries in Asia to have never hosted an American embassy, with the other being North Korea.

Embassy of the United States, New Delhi
The Embassy of the United States of America in New Delhi is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the Republic of India. The embassy is headed by the U.S. Ambassador to India. The embassy complex is situated on a 28-acre plot of land in Chanakyapuri, the diplomatic enclave of New Delhi, where most of the embassies are located. The embassy is also accredited to Bhutan with whom the United States maintains no formal relations.
Aaadonta kinlochi
Aaadonta kinlochi is a species of snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. It is endemic to Palau, where it was known from Angaur and Ulong Island. If it is still extant, it is threatened by the destruction and modification of its tropical moist lowland forest habitat.

Endodontidae
Endodontidae is a taxonomic family of very small air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Punctoidea.

This family, which includes both snails and slugs, appears to have once been much more diverse, but has declined, and is now endangered due to human activity.
Starvation response
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.

Equivalent or closely related terms include famine response, starvation mode, famine mode, starvation resistance, starvation tolerance, adapted starvation, adaptive thermogenesis, fat adaptation, and metabolic adaptation.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Adam Swandi
Adam bin Swandi (born 12 January 1996) is a Singaporean former footballer who last played either as a midfielder or winger for Singapore Premier League club Lion City Sailors and the Singapore national team.

2021 Singapore Premier League
The 2021 Singapore Premier League (also known as the AIA Singapore Premier League due to sponsorship reasons) was the 4th season of the Singapore Premier League, the top-flight Singaporean professional league for association football clubs, since its rebranding in 2018.

The champions of the 2021 Singapore Premier League, Lion City Sailors, qualified for the AFC Champions League group stage automatically. The season began on 13 March and ended on 10 October. In the first part of the season, all matches were played behind closed doors in light of the COVID-19 situation.
Cobordism ring
In mathematics, the oriented cobordism ring is a ring where elements are oriented cobordism classes of manifolds, the multiplication is given by the Cartesian product of manifolds and the addition is given as the disjoint union of manifolds. The ring is graded by dimensions of manifolds and is denoted by

where  consists of oriented cobordism classes of manifolds of dimension n. One can also define an unoriented cobordism ring, denoted by . If O is replaced U, then one gets the complex cobordism ring, oriented or unoriented.

In general, one writes  for the cobordism ring of manifolds with structure B.

A theorem of Thom says:

where MO is the Thom spectrum.

Complex cobordism
In mathematics, complex cobordism is a generalized cohomology theory related to cobordism of manifolds. Its spectrum is denoted by MU. It is an exceptionally powerful cohomology theory, but can be quite hard to compute, so often instead of using it directly one uses some slightly weaker theories derived from it, such as Brown–Peterson cohomology or Morava K-theory, that are easier to compute.

The generalized homology and cohomology complex cobordism theories were introduced by Michael Atiyah (1961) using the Thom spectrum.
Cuisine of Antebellum America
The cuisine of the antebellum United States characterizes American eating and cooking habits from about 1776 to 1861. During this period different regions of the United States adapted to their surroundings and cultural backgrounds to create specific regional cuisines, modernization of technology led to changes in food consumption, and evolution of taverns into hotels led to the beginnings of an American temperance movement. By the beginning of the Civil War, the United States cuisine and food culture could define itself separately from that of the rest of the world.

Chowder
Chowder is a type of thick soup prepared with milk or cream, a roux, and seafood or vegetables. Oyster crackers or saltines may accompany chowders as a side item, and cracker pieces may be dropped atop the dish.

Clam chowder from New England is typically made with chopped clams and diced potatoes, in a mixed cream and milk base, often with a small amount of butter. Other common chowders include seafood chowder, which often consists of fish, clams, and other types of shellfish; lamb or veal chowder made with barley; corn chowder, which uses corn instead of clams; various fish chowders; and potato chowder, which is often made with cheese. Fish, corn, and clam chowders are popular in North America, especially Atlantic Canada and New England.
Garvan-Carroll Historic District
The Garvan-Carroll Historic District encompasses a primarily residential area near the center of East Hartford, Connecticut.  Located just southwest of its Main Street Downtown on South Prospect and Garvan Streets, and Carroll and Tower Roads, this area retains a high concentration of residential architecture built mainly between 1890 and the 1920s.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

East Hartford, Connecticut
East Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 51,045 at the 2020 census. The town is located on the east bank of the Connecticut River, directly across from Hartford. It is home to aerospace manufacturer Pratt & Whitney. It is also home to Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field, a stadium used mainly for soccer and football with a capacity of 40,000 people.
Hitting for the cycle
In baseball, hitting for the cycle is the accomplishment of one batter who hits a single, a double, a triple, and a home run in the same game. Collecting the hits in that order is known as a "natural cycle". Cycles are rare in Major League Baseball (MLB), having occurred fewer than 400 times since 1882. The most recent cycle in MLB was accomplished by Byron Buxton of the Minnesota Twins on July 12, 2025.

Inside-the-park home run
In baseball, an inside-the-park home run is a rare play in which a batter rounds all four bases for a home run without the baseball leaving the field of play. It is also known as an "inside-the-parker", "in-the-park home run", or "in-the-park homer".
Staszica and Paderewskiego Streets, Bydgoszcz
Staszica and Paderewskiego streets are located in downtown district, in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Many of the buildings along this axis are either registered on the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, or part of a historical ensemble of Eclectic and Art Nouveau architecture in Bydgoszcz.

Loggia
In architecture, a loggia (/ˈloʊdʒ(i)ə/ LOH-j(ee-)ə, usually UK: /ˈlɒdʒ(i)ə/ LOJ-(ee-)ə, Italian: [ˈlɔddʒa]) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, often on an upper level, sometimes on the ground level of a building. The corridor is open to the elements because its outer wall is only partial, with the upper part usually supported by a series of columns or arches.  An overhanging loggia may be supported by a baldresca.

From the early Middle Ages, nearly every Italian comune had an open arched loggia in its main square, which served as a "symbol of communal justice and government and as a stage for civic ceremony".

In Italian architecture, a loggia is also a small garden structure or house built on the roof of a residence, open on one or more sides, to enjoy cooling winds and the view. They were especially popular in the 17th century and are prominent in Rome and Bologna, Italy.