hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pyrrosia lingua
Pyrrosia lingua is a species of epiphytic fern in the family Polypodiaceae. It occurs through China and Southeast Asia and into Japan and Taiwan. Pyrrosia lingua is grown as a cultivated plant, and multiple named cultivars have been developed.

Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.
Murtada al-Zabidi
Al-Murtaḍá al-Husaynī al-Zabīdī (Arabic: المرتضى الحسيني الزبيدي), or Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790 / 1145–1205 AH), also known as Murtada al-Zabidi, was an Indian Sunni polymath based in Cairo. He was a Hanafi scholar, hadith specialist, philologist, linguist, lexicographer, genealogist, biographer, historian, mystic and theologian. He was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the 18th century. He was also regarded as the greatest Hadith scholar of his time and one of the foremost philologists of the Arab post-classical era.

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Catholic Committee (Ireland)
The Catholic Committee was a county association in late 18th-century Ireland that campaigned to relieve Catholics of their civil and political disabilities under the kingdom's Protestant Ascendancy. After their organisation of a national Catholic Convention helped secure repeal of most of the remaining Penal Laws in 1793, the Committee dissolved. Members briefly reconvened the following year when a new British Viceroy, William Fitzwilliam, raised hopes of further reform, including lifting the sacramental bar to Catholics entering the Irish Parliament. When these were dashed by his early recall to London, many who had been mobilized by the Committee and by the Convention, defied their bishops, and joined the United Irishmen as they organised for a republican insurrection.

Dublin Castle administration
The Dublin Castle administration was the central executive government of Ireland under English, and later British, rule from the Middle Ages until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. The name comes from Dublin Castle, which served as the administrative and ceremonial heart of British authority in Ireland. "Dublin Castle" is used metonymically to describe British rule in Ireland, particularly the executive and civil service that governed through the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and senior officials such as the Chief Secretary for Ireland and Under-Secretary for Ireland.

The administration operated alongside the Parliament of Ireland (which existed until 1801) and the Privy Council of Ireland, implementing policies and managing patronage, taxation, and the civil service. Over time, the Chief Secretary for Ireland became the key political manager, while the Lord Lieutenant largely served a ceremonial and representative role.
Aart Staartjes
Aart Staartjes (1 March 1938 – 12 January 2020) was a Dutch actor, director, television presenter and documentary maker from Amsterdam. He portrayed Meneer Aart ("Mister Aart") on Sesamstraat, the Dutch co-production of Sesame Street. The character was used in the title of his 2002 biography Meneer Aart: Leven en werken van de man die geen kindervriend wil heten ("Mister Aart: Life and work of the man who does not want to be named a friend to children").

Staartjes presented the annual arrival of Sinterklaas in the Netherlands.

Fabeltjeskrant
(De) Fabeltjeskrant (Dutch pronunciation: [(də) ˈfaːbəltɕəsˌkrɑnt]; Dutch for "The Fables Newspaper") is a Dutch children's television series featuring puppetry and stop motion. Created in 1968 by Leen Valkenier and produced by Thijs Chanowski (1st series) and Loek de Levita (2nd series), it ended in 1989 and was broadcast on the Dutch and Japanese channels NOS, RTL 4 RTL 8 and NHK and on Belgian channel VRT. From 1973 to 1975 it was broadcast also in the United Kingdom, on ITV, with the title The Daily Fable.
Air purifier
An air purifier or air cleaner is a device which removes contaminants from the air in a room to improve indoor air quality. These devices are commonly marketed to people with allergies or asthma, and at reducing or eliminating second-hand tobacco smoke.

The commercially graded air purifiers are manufactured as either small stand-alone units or larger units that can be affixed to an air handler unit (AHU) or to an HVAC unit found in the medical, industrial, and commercial industries. Air purifiers may also be used in industry to remove impurities from air before processing. Pressure swing adsorbers or other adsorption techniques are typically used for this.

Photocatalysis
In chemistry, photocatalysis is the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a photocatalyst, the excited state of which "repeatedly interacts with the reaction partners forming reaction intermediates and regenerates itself after each cycle of such interactions." In many cases, the catalyst is a solid that upon irradiation with UV- or visible light generates electron–hole pairs that generate free radicals. Photocatalysts belong to three main groups; heterogeneous, homogeneous, and plasmonic antenna-reactor catalysts. The use of each catalysts depends on the preferred application and required catalysis reaction.
Selmania
Selmania is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae, found in Africa. Most of the species in the genus were originally placed in Rhembastus.

The genus was originally named Massartia by Brian John Selman in 1965, but it was later found that the name had already been used for a dinoflagellate and a hemipteran. Because of this, Stefano Zoia renamed the genus to Selmania in 2019.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
Simone Orelli
Simone Orelli (c. 1220 – before 1291) was a military captain and administrator from Locarno who played a considerable role in the political and military conflicts of northern Italy during the 13th century. He contributed to the failure of imperial policy in the region and favored the establishment of the Visconti in Milan.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
2021 WTA Poland Open
The 2021 WTA Poland Open (also known as the BNP Paribas Poland Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the WTA Poland Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. It was held at the Arka Tennis Club in Gdynia, Poland, from 19 July until 25 July 2021. Unseeded Maryna Zanevska won the singles title.

WTA Poland Open
The WTA Poland Open is a tennis event located in Warsaw, Poland. The first edition of the tournament was held in July 2021 in Gdynia but in 2022 it was relocated to Warsaw. In 2023, the tournament was held on hardcourts for the first time.

Starting in 2024, the tournament was downgraded to a WTA 125 event and is held as the Polish Open in Warsaw.
Sallie Chisum Robert House
The Sallie Chisum Robert House is a historic house in Artesia, New Mexico. It was built with cast stone in 1908 for Sallie Chisum Robert, one of Artesia's co-founders whose uncle was the cattle baron John Chisum. Born in Texas, she married a German immigrant, William Robert, only to divorce him and become a homesteader in Artesia; she later moved to Roswell, New Mexico. The house was designed in the Dutch Colonial Revival architectural style, with a gambrel roof. It was added to New Mexico's State Register of Cultural Properties in 1977. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 2, 1984.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Eddy County, New Mexico
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Eddy County, New Mexico.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 33 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  All of the places within the county on the National Register are also listed on the State Register of Cultural Properties.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted November 21, 2025.
Rodda company arms heist
The Rodda company arms heist took place on 26 August 1914 in Calcutta, British India. Members of the Jugantar faction of the Bengali revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti intercepted a shipment of Mauser Pistols and ammunition belonging to Messrs Rodda & co., a Calcutta gun dealer, while these were en route from the Customs house to the company's godown, and were able to make away with a portion the arms.  
The heist was a sensational incident, being described by The Statesman as the "Greatest daylight robbery". In the following years, the pistols and ammunitions were linked to almost all the instances of nationalist struggles in Bengal. By 1922, the police had recovered most of the stolen arms.

M. N. Roy
Manabendra Nath Roy (born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, better known as M. N. Roy; 21 March 1887 – 25 January 1954) was a 20th-century Indian revolutionary, philosopher, radical activist and political theorist. Roy was the founder of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India (Tashkent group).

He was also a delegate to the Communist International congresses and Russia's aide to China. In the aftermath of World War II Roy moved away from orthodox Marxism to espouse the philosophy of radical humanism, attempting to chart a third course between liberalism and communism.
Robin Hood's Progress to Nottingham
"Robin Hood's Progress to Nottingham" (Roud 1790, Child 139) is an English-language folk song and part of the Robin Hood canon. This song has survived as, among other forms, a late 17th-century English broadside ballad, and is one of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads.  It provides an origin story for Robin.

James Holt (historian)
Sir James Clarke Holt FBA FRHistS (26 April 1922 – 9 April 2014), also known as J. C. Holt and Jim Holt, was an English medieval historian, known particularly for his work on Magna Carta. He was the third Master of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, serving between 1981 and 1988.
Philibert du Croc
Philibert du Croc (1515 (1515) - 1587) was a French diplomat from the Renaissance.

Born in an aristocratic family from the French province of Auvergne, Philibert du Croc was a courtier closely associated to the House of Guise and he was an ambassador to Scotland in 1566-1567 and in 1572.

Marian civil war
The Marian civil war in Scotland (1568–1573) was a period of conflict which followed the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her escape from Lochleven Castle in May 1568. Those who ruled in the name of her infant son James VI fought against the supporters of the Queen, who was exiled in England. Edinburgh Castle, which was garrisoned in her name, became the focus of the conflict and surrendered only after an English intervention in May 1573. The conflict in 1570 was called an "internecine war in the bowels of this commonwealth", and the period was called soon after an "internecine war driven by questions against authority."
Samsolbari Jamali
Datuk Samsolbari bin Jamali (born 1 July 1960) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Speaker of the Johor State Legislative Assembly since April 2022 and Member of Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Semarang since March 2004. He previously served as Member of the Johor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteri Besar Hasni Mohammad from March 2020 to March 2022. He is a member and the Division Chief of Ayer Hitam of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the ruling BN coalition.

Johor State Legislative Assembly
The Johor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Johor) is the unicameral legislature of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is composed of 56 members who are elected from single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart. Prior to the 2022 state election, elections are always held concurrently with the federal parliament and other state assemblies elections (except Sarawak).

The State Assembly convenes at Sultan Ismail Building in Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru.
1979–80 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1979–80 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 10th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Nemo Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Castlehaven in the 1979 Cork SFC semi-final.

On 25 May 1980, St Finbarr's won the championship following a 3-9 to 0-8 defeat of St Grellan's in the All-Ireland final at Seán Treacy Park. It was their first ever championship title.

Matt Connor of Walsh Island was the competition's top scorer, finishing with 2-25.

1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the ninth staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Thomond College were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being between in the Limerick County Championship.

On 17 March 1979, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 2-09 to 1-03 defeat of Scotstown in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1973.
Victory Boulevard (Los Angeles)
Victory Boulevard is a major mostly east–west arterial road that runs for 25 miles (40 km) traversing almost the entire length of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles and Burbank, California. About two miles (3.2 km) of the boulevard runs north–south before reaching its eastern terminus.

Van Nuys
Van Nuys (/væn ˈnaɪz/ ⓘ van NYZE) is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, United States. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.
6-simplex honeycomb
In six-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 6-simplex honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). The tessellation fills space by 6-simplex, rectified 6-simplex, and birectified 6-simplex facets. These facet types occur in proportions of 1:1:1 respectively in the whole honeycomb.

Honeycomb (geometry)
In geometry, a honeycomb is a space filling or close packing of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions. Its dimension can be clarified as n-honeycomb for a honeycomb of n-dimensional space.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.
2024 Zagreb Open
The 2024 Zagreb Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Zagreb, Croatia between 3 and 9 June 2024 for men and 5 and 11 August for women.

Zagreb Open
The Zagreb Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and of the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It was held annually at the Sportski park Mladost in Zagreb, Croatia, from 1996 to 2011. The men's tournament returned in 2021 and was played for two years at the Tenis centar Maksimir. After another break in 2023 the tournament moved in 2024 to the Sportsko rekreacijski centar Šalata. The women's tournament returned in 2024, played also at the SRC Šalata.

Tom Vanhoudt is the doubles record holder with two titles, along with Ágnes Szávay on the women's counterpart with one single and one doubles title.
Internet governance
Internet governance is the effort by governments, the private sector, civil society, and technical actors to develop and apply shared principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures that shape the evolution and use of the Internet. This article describes how the Internet was and is currently governed, some inherent controversies, and ongoing debates regarding how and why the Internet should or should not be governed in the future. (Internet governance should not be confused with e-governance, which refers to governmental use of technology in its governing duties.)

Internet Architecture Board
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is a committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and an advisory body of the Internet Society (ISOC). Its responsibilities include architectural oversight of IETF activities, Internet Standards Process oversight and appeal, and the appointment of the Request for Comments (RFC) Editor. The IAB is also responsible for the management of the IETF protocol parameter registries.
Japanese tanks of World War II
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) initially purchased foreign tanks for evaluation during World War I, and began developing its own indigenous designs during the late 1920s.

Due to the war with China, Japan produced a large number of tanks. Although initially the Japanese used tanks to good effect in their campaigns, full-scale armored warfare did not occur in the Pacific and Southeast Asian theaters as it did in Europe, and tank development was neglected in favor of naval activities. Later, during the last year of World War II the newest and best Japanese designs were not used in combat; they were kept back in expectation of defending the Japanese Home Islands.

Heavy tank
A heavy tank is a tank classification produced from World War I to the end of the Cold War. These tanks generally sacrificed mobility and maneuverability for better armour protection and equal or greater firepower than tanks of lighter classes.
Bent Image Lab
BENT IMAGE LAB (or BENT) is an American animation studio and production company specializing in story development, television, commercials, visual effects, music videos, short films, experimental techniques and tech development in augmented reality (AR). Located in Portland, Oregon, the company was founded in 2002 by partners David Daniels, Ray Di Carlo, and Chel White.

Beginning in 2010, the studio began the production and development of television projects, including half hour animated holiday specials for the Hallmark Channel and animated segments for Portlandia. The company is also known for its visual effects work in motion pictures and television, as seen in Gus Van Sant's Paranoid Park, Restless and Milk, in Todd Haynes' I'm Not There, as well as NBC's Grimm (TV Series). Since 2014, the studio has been developing augmented reality (AR) technology and plans to launch their convergent computer vision library in fall of 2019.

Ottawa International Animation Festival
The Ottawa International Animation Festival is an annual animated film and media festival that takes place in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The OIAF was founded in 1975, with the first festival held from August 10 to 15 in 1976. Initially organized by the Canadian Film Institute on a biennial basis and with the co-operation of the International Animated Film Association, the Festival organization now remains in the hands of the CFI. It moved from a biennial to an annual festival in 2005. Today the festival is recognized as the largest and oldest animation festival in North America, and regularly attracts upwards of 25,000 attendees when it is held each September.
Abbot of Kelso
The Abbot of Kelso (later Commendator of Kelso) was the head of the Tironensian monastic community at Kelso Abbey in the Scottish Borders. The Abbey was originally founded at Selkirk in 1113 by David, Prince of the Cumbrians (r. 1113–1124), and thus the first three Abbots were Abbots of Selkirk. The community was moved to Kelso by David (then King of Scots, r. 1124–1153) and John, Bishop of Glasgow in 1127. The abbot was the first in Scotland to be granted the mitre in 1165. In the 16th century the monastery increasingly came under secular control, and finally in 1607 it was granted as a secular lordship (Holydean) to its last commendator, Robert Ker of Cesford, later Earl of Roxburghe. The following is a list of abbots and commendators:

Archbishop of St Andrews
The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, Scots: Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews in the Catholic Church and then, from 14 August 1472, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St Andrews.

The name St Andrews is not the town or church's original name. Originally it was Cellrígmonaid ("church of the king's mounth" hence Cill Rìmhinn) located at Cennrígmonaid ("head of the king's mounth"); hence the town became Kilrymont (i.e. Cellrígmonaid) in the non-Gaelic orthography of the High Middle Ages. Today St Andrews has replaced both Kilrymont (and variants) as well as the older English term Anderston as the name of the town and bishopric.

The bishopric itself appears to originate in the period 700–900. By the 11th century, it is clear that it was the most important bishopric in Scotland.
Harry Herbert Miller
Harry Herbert Miller (May 4, 1879 – March 12, 1968) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the Spanish–American War.

Naval History and Heritage Command
The Naval History and Heritage Command, formerly the Naval Historical Center, is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage located at the historic Washington Navy Yard.  The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations including the Navy Department Library, 10 museums and 1 heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and historic ship ex-USS Nautilus.