hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
257 BC
Year 257 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Regulus and Blasio (or, less frequently, year 497 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 257 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
Category 6 cable
Category 6 cable (Cat 6) is a standardized twisted pair cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards.

Cat 6 must meet more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Cat 5 and Cat 5e. The cable standard specifies performance of up to 250 MHz, compared to 100 MHz for Cat 5 and Cat 5e.

Whereas Category 6 cable has a reduced maximum length of 55 metres (180 ft) when used for 10GBASE-T, Category 6A cable is specified for 500 MHz and has improved alien crosstalk characteristics, allowing 10GBASE-T to be run for the same 100-metre (330 ft) maximum distance as previous Ethernet over twisted pair variants.

Category 3 cable
Category 3 cable, commonly known as Cat 3 or station wire, and less commonly known as VG or voice-grade (as, for example, in 100BaseVG), is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable used in telephone wiring. It is part of a family of standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and published in TIA/EIA-568-B.

Although designed to reliably carry data up to 10 Mbit/s, modern data networks run at much higher speeds, and Cat 5e or better cable is generally used for new installations. Cat 3 cables may have 2, 3, 4, or more pairs.
2013 Power Horse Cup
The 2013 Power Horse Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the Power Horse Cup as an ATP World Tour 250 series event on the 2013 ATP World Tour and replaced the World Team Cup, a team event previously held at the same venue. It took place at the Rochusclub in Düsseldorf, Germany, from May 19 through May 25, 2013.

2013 ATP World Tour
The 2013 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2013 tennis season. The 2013 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2013 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Hassan of Basra
Hassan of Basra is a folktale associated with the Arabian Nights, a compilation of Persian and Arabic folktales. Similar stories are attested in the same collection: Janshah and Mazin of Khorassan.

The tale is related to the international cycle of the swan maiden, a creature that alternates between human and avian forms, and to tale type ATU 400, "The Man on a Quest for the Lost Wife", of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. In addition, the initial part of the tale, classified as type ATU 936*, "The Golden Mountain", is indicated by scholars as a common opening of the former narrative, among other regions, in West Asia and Southern Europe, including Greece.

Roc (mythology)
The roc is a legendary bird of prey which featured in popular mythology of the Middle East, consistently depicted with an enormous size, allowing it to dispatch elephants with minimal effort. Ibn Battuta tells of a "mountain" hovering in the air over the "China Seas", which was the roc.

The roc appears in Arab geographies and natural history, popularized in Arabian fairy tales and sailors' folklore. The roc features in the story collection One Thousand and One Nights, which includes the bird in two tales; "Abd al-Rahman the Maghribi's Story of the Rukh" and "Sinbad the Sailor".
Ricardo Escotto
Ricardo Escotto Lechuga (born 14 December 2004) is a Mexican racing driver who last competed full-time in the 2025 Indy NXT for Andretti Cape Indy NXT. He previously drove part-time in the 2024 Indy NXT for Juncos Hollinger Racing and in the 2024 USF Pro 2000 Championship for BN Racing.

Cram Motorsport
Cram Motorsport (formerly known as Cram Competition) is an auto racing team based in Italy.

Cram started in 1994 out of the Tatuus racing department. It has participated in Formula Alfa Boxer, Formula Renault 2000, Formula 3 Germany, Formula Master, Formula Renault World Series, Formula Abarth, Porsche Carrera Cup, Formula Renault 2.0 and FIA Formula 4.
Romanian traditional clothing
Romanian traditional clothing refers to the national costume worn by Romanians, who live primarily in Romania and Moldova, with smaller communities in Ukraine and Serbia. Today, the vast majority of Romanians wear modern-style dress on most occasions, and the garments described here largely fell out of use during the 20th century. However, they can still be seen in more remote areas, on special occasions, and at ethnographic and folk events. Each historical region has its own specific variety of costumes.

Țara Oașului
Țara Oașului, lit. 'Oaș Country' in Romanian (Hungarian: Avasság) is an ethnocultural and historical region of Romania located in the north-east part of Satu Mare County, 50 km (31 mi) from both Satu Mare and Baia Mare. The total area is about 755.30 km2 (291.62 sq mi). The capital of Țara Oașului is the town of Negrești-Oaș.
Cemal Tural
Cemal Tural (1905, Erzincan – 17 December 1981, Istanbul) was a Turkish general. He was the 13th Chief of the General Staff of Turkey and previously Commander of the Turkish Army (1964-1966), Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1960-1962) and Commander of the Second Army of Turkey (1963-1964). He retired on August 16, 1969. He was elected president of the Nation Party in 1973, but shortly thereafter resigned from the post in 1974. He was appointed as Ambassador to South Korea in 1976 and Ambassador to Pakistan in 1981.

Chief of the Turkish General Staff
The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanı) is the chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri). He is appointed by the President of Turkey, who is the commander-in-chief. The position dates to the period of the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the Turkish War of Independence. The post has its own rank insignia, which is the OF-9 (full General or Admiral of the Turkish Armed Forces) rank of the Chief of Staff's personal service branch surrounded by laurel wreaths. In practice, the position has always been held by a Turkish Land Forces officer.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu, since 5 August 2025.
East Central Texas forests
The East Central Texas forests or  East Central Texas Plains (33) is a small temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion almost entirely within the state of Texas, United States. The northern forests perimeter is partially within the southeast Oklahoma border. The ecoregion is dominated by the Post Oak Savanna.

Quercus stellata
Quercus stellata, the post oak or iron oak, is a North American species of oak in the white oak section. It is a slow-growing oak that lives in dry areas on the edges of fields, tops of ridges, and also grows in poor soils, and is resistant to rot, fire, and drought. Interbreeding occurs among white oaks, thus many hybrid species combinations occur. It is identifiable by the rounded cross-like shape formed by the leaf lobes and hairy underside of the leaves.
Spinning jenny
The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialisation of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764–1765 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire in England.

The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. The yarn produced by the jenny was not very strong until Richard Arkwright invented the water-powered water frame. The spinning jenny helped to start the factory system of cotton manufacturing.

John Kay (flying shuttle)
John Kay (17 June 1704 – c. 1779) was an English inventor whose most important creation was the flying shuttle, which was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution. He is often confused with his namesake, who built the first "spinning frame".
2023–24 Women's EHF European Cup
The 2023–24  Women's EHF European Cup was the 31st season of Europe's tertiary club handball tournament organised by European Handball Federation (EHF), and the 4th season since it was renamed from the Challenge Cup to the EHF European Cup. Antalya Konyaaltı are the defending champions, but they couldn't defend their title after being eliminated by KH-7 BM. Granollers in round 3.

Atticgo BM Elche won the tournament by defeating MŠK Iuventa Michalovce, 50–42 on aggregate, in the final.

EHF Women's European Cup
The Women's EHF European Cup is an annual team handball competition for women's clubs of Europe. It was known as the EHF City Cup until the 1999–2000 season and the EHF Challenge Cup until the 2019–20 season. It is currently the third-tier competition of European club handball.
Lappi, Finland
Lappi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈlɑpːi]) is a former municipality of Finland.

It was located in the province of Western Finland and was part of the Satakunta region. The municipality had a population of 3,236 (2003) and covered an area of 213.27 km2 of which 7.24 km2 is water. The population density was 15.2 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish. UNESCO World Heritage Site Sammallahdenmäki is located in Lappi.

Lappi was consolidated with the city of Rauma on 1 January 2009, was officially disbanded and since has been considered a neighborhood.

Sammallahdenmäki
Sammallahdenmäki is a Bronze Age burial site in Finland near Rauma, in the region of Satakunta. The site includes 33 granite burial cairns dating back more than 3,000 years, to 1500 to 500 BC. Sammallahdenmäki is one of the largest, most complete, and most important Bronze Age sites in Fennoscandia, and was designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1999.
Aha Han
Aha Han is the god of animals in Turkic and Altai mythology. He is also referred to as Ahağa Han. He is believed to protect animals and is seen as the lord of animals, their master. The responsibility for wild animals and their offspring was entrusted to him by Ülgen. He is an expression of Turkic culture's view of humans as siblings with other living beings, animals, plants, and inanimate objects. He is also related to the river goddess Aha among the Yakuts and the Mother Goddess known as Aka in Anatolia.

Ülgen
Bai-Ülgen or Ülgen (Old Turkic: 𐰈𐰞𐰏𐰅𐰣; Cyrillic: Үлгэн) is a Turkic creator-deity, usually distinct from Tengri but sometimes identified with him in the same manner as Helios and Apollo. His name is from Old Turkic bay, "rich", and ülgen, "magnificent". Ülgen is believed to be without either beginning or end.
Bayt Jann
Bayt Jann (Arabic: بيت جن‎; Hebrew: בית ג'ן‎) is a Druze village on Mount Meron in northern Israel. At 940 meters above sea level, Bayt Jann is one of the highest inhabited locations in the country. In 2023 it had a population of 12,287.

Victor Guérin
Victor Guérin (French pronunciation: [viktɔʁ ɡeʁɛ̃]; 15 September 1821 – 21 September 1890) was a French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included Greece, Asia Minor, North Africa, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine.
16th Coast Artillery (United States)
The 16th Coast Artillery Regiment was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army, along with the 15th Coast Artillery, it manned the Harbor Defenses of Honolulu and other fortified sites on Oahu, Hawaii from 1924 until broken up into battalions in August 1944 as part of an Army-wide reorganization. The regiment manned many gun batteries at locations all over Oahu. Most of the forts where they were assigned were originally built 1899–1910, and had been in caretaker status for more than 30 years. On the morning of 7 December 1941, the soldiers of the 16th Coast Artillery manned their anti-aircraft guns, bringing down six of the attacking Japanese aircraft.

6-inch gun M1897
The 6-inch gun M1897 (152 mm) and its variants the M1900, M1903, M1905, M1908, and M1 (a.k.a. T2) were coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1897 and 1945. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. They were installed on disappearing carriages or pedestal (a.k.a. barbette) mountings, and during World War II many were remounted on shielded barbette carriages. Most of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped within a few years after World War II.
Ting Kau Beach
Ting Kau Beach is a gazetted beach located at the northwest end of Victoria Harbour on Castle Peak Road in Ting Kau, New Territories, Hong Kong. The beach is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is rated as Grade 2 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality.

The beach, along with Approach Beach, is one of the only two gazetted beaches in Tsuen Wan District that can "swim in Victoria Harbour". It sits beside the northern abutment of the Ting Kau Bridge, and also offers views of the Tsing Ma Bridge.

Castle Peak Road
Castle Peak Road (Chinese: 青山公路) is the longest road in Hong Kong. Completed in 1920, it has the approximate shape of an arc of a semi-circle. It runs west from Tai Po Road in Sham Shui Po, New Kowloon, to Tuen Mun, then north to Yuen Long and east to Sheung Shui, in the very north of the New Territories; it is divided into 22 sections.
Wykebeck
53°48′07″N 1°29′06″W﻿ / ﻿53.802°N 1.485°W﻿ / 53.802; -1.485

Wykebeck is an area of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England named after the Wyke Beck and situated between Gipton and Seacroft along Wykebeck Road. The area falls within the Gipton and Harehills ward of the Leeds City Council. The area is seldom referred to, instead people usually perceive Gipton to be West of the beck and Seacroft to be East of it. The area consists of several blocks of highrise council flats to the south.

Wykebeck Valley Road runs through the area, from York Road (A64) to Foundry Lane. Wykebeck Valley walking way passes to the north of the area.

Gipton
Gipton is a suburb of east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, between the A58 to the north and the A64 to the south.

It is in the Gipton and Harehills ward of Leeds City Council and the Leeds East parliamentary constituency. The separate area and woodland of Gipton Wood is in Oakwood, north of Harehills and part of the Roundhay ward. Gipton’s residents are known as Giptonites.
United States Penitentiary, Beaumont
The United States Penitentiary, Beaumont (USP Beaumont) is a high security United States federal prison for male inmates in unincorporated Jefferson County, Texas. It is part of the Federal Correctional Complex, Beaumont (FCC Beaumont) and is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.

FCC Beaumont is located approximately 100 miles (160 km) east of Houston.

Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes. Jurisdiction is claimed by the federal government if the illegal activity crosses interstate or international borders.
Thicketbird
The thicketbirds are a group of birds in the family Locustellidae.  Most taxonomists place them together with the songlarks in the genus Cincloramphus. They are alternatively placed in the genus Megalurus.

There are seven species:

Rusty thicketbird (Cincloramphus rubiginosus)

New Britain thicketbird (Cincloramphus grosvenori)

Buff-banded thicketbird (Cincloramphus bivittatus)

Santo thicketbird (Cincloramphus whitneyi)

New Caledonian thicketbird (Cincloramphus mariae)

Long-legged thicketbird (Cincloramphus rufus)

Bougainville thicketbird (Cincloramphus llaneae)

Guadalcanal thicketbird (Cincloramphus turipavae)

Rusty thicketbird
The rusty thicketbird (Cincloramphus rubiginosus) is a bird species. Previously placed in the "Old World warbler" family Sylviidae, it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it belongs in the grass warbler family Locustellidae. It is found in New Britain only.
Kaleem Saadat
Kaleem Saadat NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) TI(M) LoH (Urdu: کلیم سعادت ; b. 12 December 1951) is a retired four-star air officer in the Pakistan Air Force who served as the Chief of Air Staff from 18 March 2003 until retiring on 20 March 2006. His appointment came after an air crash that killed Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir, the air chief, along with several other high-ranking Air Force officers on 19 February 2003. He is the President of the Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies.

Pakistan Air Force Academy Asghar Khan
The Pakistan Air Force Academy Asghar Khan (PAFAA) is an accredited four-year military academy which provides undergraduate education to officer candidates of the Pakistan Armed Forces, primarily the Pakistan Air Force (PAF).

Eligible and selected candidates from all over Pakistan are sent to the academy for flying training. Located in the town of Risalpur in the Nowshera District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the academy's role is the training of General Duty Pilots (GDP), aeronautical and avionics engineers and the initial training of other Ground Branch cadets. Cadets join the academy following a recommendation by the Inter Services Selection Board (Pakistan) and the AHQ (PAF) Special Selection Board for Short Service Commission candidates. Graduates of the four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree and are commissioned as Flying Officers.
CSS Fredericksburg
CSS Fredericksburg was a casemate ironclad that served as part of the James River Squadron of the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Laid down in 1862 and launched the following year, she did not see action until 1864 due to delays in receiving her armor and guns. After passing through the obstructions at Drewry's Bluff in May 1864, she participated in several minor actions on the James River and fought in the Battle of Chaffin's Farm from September 29 to October 1. On January 23 and 24, 1865, she was part of the Confederate fleet at the Battle of Trent's Reach, and was one of only two Confederate ships to make it past the obstructions at Trent's Reach.  After the Confederate attack failed, Fredericksburg withdrew with the rest of the James River Squadron. On April 3, as the Confederates were abandoning Richmond, Fredericksburg and the other vessels of the James River Squadron were burned.  Her wreck was located in the 1980s, buried under sediment.

Fitting out
Fitting out, or outfitting, is the process in shipbuilding that follows the float-out/launching of a vessel and precedes sea trials. It is the period when all the remaining construction of the ship is completed and readied for delivery to her owners. Since most of the fitting-out process is interior work, this stage can overlap with latter stages, such as the sea trials.
Quercus laevis
Quercus laevis, the turkey oak, is a member of the red oak group of oaks. It is native to the southeastern United States. The name turkey oak derives from the resemblance of the leaves to a turkey's foot. A Turkish and southern European species Quercus cerris is also commonly referred to as Turkey oak, so Quercus laevis is sometimes referred to as American turkey oak to distinguish it from the European species.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
Barmbek-Süd
Barmbek-Süd (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁmbeːk ˈzyːt] ⓘ, lit. 'Barmbek-South') is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Hamburg-Nord. It is located in the east of Hamburg-Nord, approximately five kilometers from Hamburg city center. Barmbek-Süd is a densely built-up area.

Barmbek-Süd borders the quarters of Barmbek-Nord, Dulsberg, Eilbek, Uhlenhorst, and Winterhude.

Hamburg-Nord
Hamburg-Nord (German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk ˈnɔʁt], "Hamburg North") is one of the seven boroughs of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, in northern Germany. In 2020, according to the residents registration office, the population was 315,514 in an area of 57.5 km2.
Carles Bestit (footballer)
Carles Bestit Martínez, also known as Bestit I (7 March 1908 – 12 July 1972), was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Barcelona and Girona. He also played one match for the Catalan national team in 1931. He was the brother of fellow footballer Tomàs Bestit.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Yoav Dothan
Yoav Dothan (Hebrew: יואב דותן; born 1955) is an Israeli chess player who holds the chess title of International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster. He was the Israeli champion of correspondence chess for the 1997 championship and the winner of the Finland Jubilee 40. He lives in Ramat Hasharon. At the ICCF congress in Leeds 2009, Dothan received the Bertl von Massow award in silver and in 2024  received the Bertl von Massow award in gold.

Dothan's ICCF rating is 2632 (updated January 2011) and he holds the first place in Israel and 23rd in the world.

Born in Jerusalem to Felix Dothan. Dothan lives in Ramat Hasharon, is married to Ilana and father of Shai Dothan who is a Professor of International Law, and David and Deganit both physicians.

International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster is a correspondence chess title created by FIDE in 1953, second only to that of world correspondence champion. Currently, this title is awarded by the International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF).