hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cedar Unified School District
Cedar Unified School District is a school district based in Navajo County of northeastern Arizona.

The school district serves some unincorporated areas of Navajo County, including:

Hopi Reservation communities of First Mesa, Hotevilla-Bacavi,  Kykotsmovi Village, Second Mesa, and Shongopovi.

Navajo Nation community of Jeddito.

Town of Keams Canyon.

A portion of Whitecone

Kykotsmovi Village, Arizona
Kykotsmovi Village, also known as K-Town or New Oraibi (o-RYE-bee) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. It is the seat of tribal government of the Hopi Reservation, a sovereign nation located in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi word is spelled Kiqötsmovi (Hopi pronunciation: [?], kee-KEUTS-mo-vee) and means "mound of ruined houses". The population was 776 at the 2000 census. The Hopi reservation occupies part of Coconino and Navajo counties, encompasses more than 1.5 million acres, and is made up of 12 villages on three mesas. Kykotsmovi is one of the 12 villages located in third mesa. Third Mesa includes Hotvela (Hotevilla), Paaqavi (Bacavi), Munqapi (Moencopi), Kiqotsmovi (Kykotsmovi), and Orayvi (Oraibi).
Cultural depictions of Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey, 16th-century claimant to the English throne, has left an abiding impression in English literature and romance. The limited amount of material from which to construct a source-based biography of her has not stopped authors of all ages filling the gaps with the fruits of their imagination.

Giovanna Gray
Giovanna Gray is a tragic opera (tragedia lirica) in three acts composed by Nicola Vaccai. The libretto by Carlo Pepoli is based on the last days of the English noblewoman Lady Jane Grey who was executed for treason in 1554. The opera premiered on 23 February 1836 at La Scala, Milan, with Maria Malibran in the title role. It was a failure at its premiere, and the work never entered the repertoire. Malibran's performances in Giovanna Gray were the last time she appeared on the stage of La Scala.
Second variation
In the calculus of variations, the second variation extends the idea of the second derivative test to functionals. Much like for functions, at a stationary point where the first derivative is zero, the second derivative determines the nature of the stationary point; it may be negative (if the point is a maximum point), positive (if a minimum) or zero (if a saddle point).

Via the second functional, it is possible to derive powerful necessary conditions for solving variational problems, such as the Legendre–Clebsch condition and the Jacobi necessary condition detailed below.

Legendre–Clebsch condition
In the calculus of variations the Legendre–Clebsch condition is a second-order condition which a solution of the Euler–Lagrange equation must satisfy in order to be a minimum.

For the problem of minimizing

the condition is
Upper Saxon German
Upper Saxon (German: Obersächsisch, standard pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐˌzɛksɪʃ], Upper Saxon pronunciation: [ɵːb̥oˤˈsɛɡ̊sʃ]) is an East Central German dialect spoken in much of the modern German state of Saxony and in adjacent parts of southeastern Saxony-Anhalt and eastern Thuringia. As of the early 21st century, it is mostly extinct and a new regiolect (also known as obersächsische Umgangssprache) has emerged instead. Though colloquially called "Saxon" (Sächsisch), it is not to be confused with the Low Saxon dialect group in Northern Germany. Upper Saxon is closely linked to the Thuringian dialect spoken in the adjacent areas to the west.

Standard German has been heavily based on Upper Saxon, especially in its lexicon and grammar. This is due to it being used as the basis for early developments in the standardization of German during the early 1500s, including the translation of the Bible by Martin Luther.

Low Saxon
Low Saxon (German: Niedersächsisch, Dutch: Nedersaksisch), also known as West Low German (German: Westniederdeutsch) are a group of Low German dialects spoken in parts of the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and southern Denmark (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two dialect groups, the other being East Low German.
Enchodus
Enchodus (from Greek: ἔγχος enchos, 'spear' and Greek: ὀδούς odoús 'tooth') is an extinct genus of aulopiform ray-finned fish related to lancetfish and lizardfish. Species of Enchodus flourished during the Late Cretaceous, where they were a widespread component of marine ecosystems worldwide, and there is some evidence that they may have survived to the Paleocene or Eocene; however, this may just represent reworked Cretaceous material.

Ashville Formation
The Ashville Formation is a geological formation in Saskatchewan and Manitoba whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

It is geochronologically equivalent to the Lower Colorado Group and the Viking Formation in central Alberta.
2025 Mérida Open
The 2025 Mérida Open Akron was a WTA 500 tournament played on outdoor hardcourts as part of the 2025 WTA Tour. This was the third edition of the Mérida Open, which took place at the Yucatán Country Club in Mérida, Mexico, from 24 February to 2 March 2025.
It was originally scheduled to take place from 27 October to 2 November 2025 as a WTA 250, but got upgraded to a WTA 500 status and moved to its new date to fill the vacancy generated by the cancellation of the San Diego Open.

Mérida Open
The Mérida Open, also known as Mérida Open Akron for sponsorship reasons, is a WTA tennis event held in Mérida, Mexico, part of the WTA Tour. It is listed as a WTA 500 tournament as of 2025, and is held at the Yucatán Country Club on outdoor hardcourts.

The first edition took place in February 2023 and was introduced as a WTA 250 tournament as a replacement for Abierto Zapopan.
In 2025, the tournament was upgraded to a WTA 500 status and moved to a new date in February to fill the vacancy generated by the cancellation of the San Diego Open.

The tournament main sponsor is Akron, a Mexican automotive products company, and has no connection with the city of Akron, Ohio.
2005 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 2005 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 108th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Coolderry were the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 October 2005 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Birr and Coolderry, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. Birr won the match by 0–20 to 0–05 to claim their 19th championship title overall and a first title in two years.

2003 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 2003 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 106th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 4 February 2003. The championship ran from 3 May to 5 October 2003.

Birr were the defending champions.

The final was played on 5 October 2003 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Birr and Ballyskenagh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Birr won the match by 1–18 to 1–11 to claim their 18th championship title overall and a fourth title in succession.
1986 Nice International Open
The 1986 Nice International Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, and was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from 14 April through 20 April 1986. Unseeded Emilio Sánchez won the singles title.

1986 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix was the only tennis circuit held that year. The tour consisted of 70 tournaments in 23 different countries. It incorporated three of the four grand slam tournaments, three World Championship Tennis tournaments and the Grand Prix tournaments. The season ending Masters tournament was moved from the January slot to December.
László Lakner
László Lakner (Hungarian: [ˈlaːsloː ˈlɒknɛr]; born April 15, 1936, in Budapest) is a Hungarian-German painter, sculptor and conceptual artist. He lives and works in Berlin. László Lakner was born in Budapest in 1936. His father was the architect László Lakner (same name), his mother Sára Lakner, born Sárközy. Lakner is the father of the Hungarian artist Antal Lakner, who was born in 1966. After a long period in the cities Essen and Berlin, László Lakner now lives and works exclusively in Berlin, in the Charlottenburg district. Among other art shows, he was invited three times to participate in the Venice Biennale (1972, 1976 and 1990) and once to the  documenta in Kassel (1977).

Paul Celan
Paul Celan (/ˈsɛlæn/; German: [ˈtseːlaːn]; born Paul Antschel; 23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a German-speaking Romanian  poet, Holocaust survivor, and literary translator. He adopted his pen name (an anagram of the Romanian spelling Ancel) following the war and resided in France from 1949, becoming a naturalized French citizen in 1955.

Celan is regarded as one of the most important figures in German-language literature of the post-World War II era and a poet whose verse has gained an immortal place in the literary pantheon. Celan's poetry, with its many radical poetic and linguistic innovations, is characterized by a complicated and cryptic style that deviates from poetic conventions.
Stevenage Athletic F.C.
Stevenage Athletic F.C. was an English football club based in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. The club existed from 1968 until being declared bankrupt in 1976, after which Stevenage Borough were established.

Stevenage
Stevenage (/ˈstiːvənɪdʒ/ STEE-vən-ij) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, about 28 miles (45 km) north of London. Stevenage is east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), between Letchworth Garden City to the north and Welwyn Garden City to the south. In 1946, Stevenage was designated the United Kingdom's first New Town under the New Towns Act. In 2021 it had a population of 94,456.
Hide Vitalucci
Hide Kengei Vitalucci (Japanese: ヒデ・ケンゲイ・ヴィタルッシー; born 5 March 2002) is a Japanese-Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for I liga club Polonia Warsaw, on loan from Arka Gdynia.

2024–25 I liga
The 2024–25 I liga (also known as Betclic I liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 77th season of the second tier domestic division in the Polish football league system since its establishment in 1949 and the 17th season of the Polish I liga under its current title. The league is operated by the PZPN.
Phyllium bonifacioi
Phyllium bonifacioi is a species of phasmatodea in the family Phylliidae (leaf insect).

P. bonifacioi is found on the north of Luzon island, Philippines. This species was named after Andrés Bonifacio. P. bonifacioi feeds on guava leaves. The males are thinner than the females and have transparent wings, although the female has more leaf-like wings. They have short antennae. The colour is green with some brown spots. The length of P. bonifacioi is 1 cm (0.3 inches).

Phylliidae
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families.
Egremont, Cumbria
Egremont /ˈɛɡrəmənt/ is a market town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is situated just outside the Lake District National Park, five miles (eight kilometres) south of Whitehaven and on the River Ehen. The parish also includes the villages of Bigrigg and Moor Row.

The town lies at the foot of the Uldale valley and Dent Fell. It has a long industrial heritage including dyeing, weaving and iron ore mining. The modern economy is based around the nuclear industry at nearby Sellafield.

Egremont Castle was built in the 12th century on the site of an earlier fortification. The castle ruins stand at the southern end of Main Street, near where the street widens out to serve as the market place. Egremont was granted a charter for a market and annual fair by King Henry III around 1266. The fair continues as the Crab Fair, which now hosts the World Gurning Championships.

Uldale
Uldale is a small village and former civil parish in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It is about 5 miles (8 km) from Caldbeck, 2 miles (3 km) from Ireby with which it now forms the civil parish of Ireby and Uldale together with Aughertree. The Uldale Fells are in the vicinity, and to the southeast are Chapelhouse Reservoir and Over Water. It is located just inside the Lake District National Park. In 1931 the parish had a population of 217.

Uldale has a place in literature as the occasional home of Judith Paris, a heroine of the Herries Chronicles, the saga of a Cumbrian family written by Hugh Walpole in the 1930s.
Houndstooth
Houndstooth is a pattern of alternating light and dark checks used on fabric. It is also known as hounds tooth check, hound's tooth (and similar spellings), dogstooth, dogtooth or dog's tooth. The duotone pattern is characterized by a tessellation of light and dark solid checks alternating with light-and-dark diagonally-striped checks—similar in pattern to gingham plaid but with diagonally-striped squares in place of gingham's blended-tone squares. Traditionally, houndstooth uses black and white, although other contrasting colour combinations may be used.

Gingham
Gingham, also called Vichy check, is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric typically with tartan (plaid), striped, or check duotone patterns, in bright colour and in white made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarns. It is made of carded, medium or fine yarns.
Niederdonven
Niederdonven (Luxembourgish: Nidderdonwen) is a small town in the commune of Flaxweiler, in the canton of Grevenmacher in south-eastern Luxembourg.  The town name refers to the crop Flax which once grew there.  As of 2025, the town has a population of 476.

Grevenmacher
Grevenmacher (German pronunciation: [ɡʁeːvn̩ˈmaxɐ]; Luxembourgish: Gréiwemaacher [ɡʀɜɪ̯vəˈmaːχɐ] ⓘ) is a commune with town status in eastern Luxembourg, near the border with Germany. It gives its name to the canton of Grevenmacher, and, until its abolition in 2015, the district of Grevenmacher. The town is situated on the left bank of the river Moselle, in a wine growing region.

As of 2025, the commune of Grevenmacher has a population of 5,276.
Midland Red
Midland Red was a bus company that operated in the Midlands of England from 1905 until 1981. It was one of the largest English bus companies, operating over a large area between Gloucester in the south and Derbyshire in the north, and from Northampton to the Welsh border. The company also manufactured buses.

Tilling-Stevens
Tilling-Stevens was a British manufacturer of buses and other commercial vehicles, based in Maidstone, Kent.  Originally established in 1897, it became a specialist in petrol–electric vehicles.  It continued as an independent manufacturer until 1950, when it was acquired by the Rootes Group.
New Balance Indoor Grand Prix
The New Balance Indoor Grand Prix, formerly known as the Boston Indoor Games, is an annual indoor track and field meet which is held in late January or early February at the Track at New Balance. Prior to 2023, it was hosted at the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center. It was first held in Roxbury, a neighborhood in Boston, in 1996 and has become one of the foremost events of its type in the United States, alongside the Millrose Games.

New Balance
New Balance Athletics, Inc. (NB), doing business as New Balance, is an American multinational footwear and apparel corporation. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, New Balance was founded in 1906 as the New Balance Arch Support Company.

New Balance maintains a manufacturing presence in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom for the European market, where it produces some of its popular models. New Balance claims to differentiate its products with technical features, such as blended gel inserts, heel counters and a greater selection of sizes, particularly for very narrow or very wide widths. The company is privately held and totaled $6.5 billion in revenue in 2023.
Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate
Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate, sold under the brand name Bidil, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat self-identified Black people with congestive heart failure. It is a combination of hydralazine hydrochloride (an arteriolar vasodilator) and isosorbide dinitrate (a nitrate vasodilator).

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication to treat congestive heart failure in specifically self-identified Black patients. It provoked controversy as the first drug approved by the FDA marketed for a single racial-ethnic group.

Arteriolar vasodilator
Arteriolar vasodilators are substances or medications that preferentially dilate arterioles. When used on people with certain heart conditions, it causes a phenomenon known as the cardiac steal syndrome. Arteriolar vasodilators also increase intracapillary pressure, which causes fluid to enter the tissues, potentially leading to vasodilatory edema.

Arteriolar vasodilators include:

hydralazine

minoxidil

nitroprusside
Resurrection Mary
Resurrection Mary is a well-known Chicago-area ghost story, of the "vanishing hitchhiker" type, a type of folklore that is known in many cultures. According to the story, the ghost resides in Resurrection Cemetery in Justice, Illinois, a few miles southwest of Chicago. Resurrection Mary is considered to be Chicago's most famous ghost.

Since the 1930s, several men driving northeast along Archer Avenue between the Willowbrook Ballroom and Resurrection Cemetery have reported picking up a young female hitchhiker. This young woman is dressed somewhat formally in a white party dress, and is said to have light blonde hair and blue eyes. Other reports indicate that she wears a thin shawl and dancing shoes, carries a small clutch purse, and possibly is very quiet. As the driver nears Resurrection Cemetery, she disappears into it. According to the Chicago Tribune, "full-time ghost hunter" Richard Crowe has collected "three dozen … substantiated" reports of Mary from the 1930s to the present.

Hitchhiking
Hitchhiking (also known as hitch-hiking, hitching, thumbing, and autostop) is a means of transportation that relies on soliciting rides from individuals, usually strangers.  Recognized hand gestures, signage, and casual prearrangement, as in a solicitation at a rest stop, are used.

Most hitchhikes are free.  Occasionally on a longer ride the driver may request their guest chip in towards gas, or coffee and such at a break; more often than asking they will volunteer to pay for such things themselves, recognizing that a person hitchhiking probably is low on funds, and willing to do a good turn.  Casual contribution by the hitcher towards expenses does not void a ride as a hitchhike, but arranging payment in advance, regardless of who is providing the transport, is fee-for-service, however informal.
Minicia gens
The gens Minicia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the first century, achieving the consulate under the emperor Claudius.  Owing to the similarity of their names, the Minicii are regularly confused with members of the ancient and far more prominent gens Minucia.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Pedro Helías
Pedro Helías (or Elías; died 1149) was the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela from 1143 until his death. Prior to becoming archbishop he was a canon of the cathedral of Saint James from 1102, serving as its dean in 1122–24.

Pedro and his relative Bernardo—a fellow canon, engineer, archivist and royal chancellor—were both protégés of Archbishop Diego Gelmírez, but later they fell out with him. In 1116–17 they jointed the municipal revolt of Compostela against the policies of the archbishop. During the unrest, the archbishop's brother, Gudesindo, was killed.

After Diego's death in 1140, Pedro was the candidate favoured by the chapter and the city, but King Alfonso VII tried to force the election of Berengar, former bishop of Salamanca. The royal choice was resisted. Pedro went to Rome, where he received confirmation from Pope Innocent II in 1141. It was not until 1143, however, that Pedro was recognised by the king.

Diego Gelmírez
Diego Gelmírez or Xelmírez (Latin: Didacus Gelmirici; c. 1069 – c. 1140) was the second bishop (from 1100) and first archbishop (from 1120) of the Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, modern Spain. He is a prominent figure in the history of Galicia and an important historiographer of the Iberia of his day. Diego involved himself in many quarrels, ecclesiastical and secular, which were recounted in the Historia Compostelana, which covered his episcopacy from 1100 to 1139 and serves as a sort of gesta of the bishop's life.
History of Denver
This article details the history of the City and County of Denver, Colorado, the United States from its founding in 1858 to the present. Since the gold rush, Denver has been Colorado's gateway and major metropolis. With its location at the intersection of the plains and the mountains, its people and institutions have tied together the sections of the state and served as a point of contact between Colorado and the wider world. As the state’s political capital and largest city, Denver has been the natural center for decision-making. New programs and ideas have typically spread outward through public agencies and private organizations that have Denver headquarters.

James W. Denver
James William Denver (October 23, 1817 – August 9, 1892) was an American politician, soldier, and lawyer. He served in the California state government, as an officer in the United States Army in two wars, and as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from California. He served as secretary and Governor of the Kansas Territory during the struggle over whether or not Kansas would be open to slavery. The city of Denver, Colorado, is named after him.
Hambach an der Weinstraße
Hambach, which received its name affix "an der Weinstraße" as a wine village in 1935, was incorporated into the town Neustadt an der Weinstraße (Rhineland-Palatinate) in 1969 and is its second largest district. The village is considered a symbol of German democracy because of the enunciation of freedom which took place in the Hambach Castle in 1832, known as the Hambach Festival.

Sweet chestnut
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), also known as the Spanish chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times.