hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Australian Aboriginal kinship systems
Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. It is an integral part of the culture of every Aboriginal group across Australia, and particularly important with regard to marriages between Aboriginal people.

Warlpiri people
The Warlpiri, sometimes referred to as Yapa, are a group of Aboriginal Australians defined by their Warlpiri language, although not all still speak it. There are 5,000–6,000 Warlpiri, living mostly in a few towns and settlements scattered through their traditional land in the Northern Territory, north and west of Alice Springs (Mparntwe). About 3,000 people still speak the Warlpiri language. The word "Warlpiri" has also been romanised as Walpiri, Walbiri, Elpira, Ilpara, and Wailbri.
Isotope analysis
Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds. Isotopic analysis can be used to understand the flow of energy through a food web, to reconstruct past environmental and climatic conditions, to investigate human and animal diets, for food authentification, and a variety of other physical, geological, palaeontological and chemical processes. Stable isotope ratios are measured using mass spectrometry, which separates the different isotopes of an element on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio.

Isotopes of nitrogen
Natural nitrogen (7N) consists of two stable isotopes: the vast majority (99.62%) of naturally occurring nitrogen is nitrogen-14, with the remainder (0.38%) being nitrogen-15. Thirteen radioisotopes are also known, with atomic masses ranging from 9 to 23, along with three nuclear isomers. All of these radioisotopes are short-lived, the longest-lived being 13N with a half-life of 9.965 minutes. All of the others have half-lives shorter than ten seconds. Isotopes lighter than the stable ones generally decay to isotopes of carbon, and those heavier beta decay to isotopes of oxygen.

Nitrogen-13 is a positron emitter and one of the main isotopes used in medical PET scans.
South Dakota Governor's Residence
The South Dakota Governor's Residence is the official residence of the governor of South Dakota.  The first resident, Governor Mike Rounds, lived in the house after its dedication on August 3, 2005. Its current resident is Governor Larry Rhoden.

Pierre, South Dakota
Pierre (/pɪər/ PEER) is the capital city of the U.S. state of South Dakota and the county seat of Hughes County.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 14,091. Pierre is the eleventh-most populous city of South Dakota, and the second-least populous U.S. state capital (after only Montpelier, Vermont).

Founded in 1880 on the Missouri River, the city was selected to be the state capital when South Dakota was admitted as a state in 1889. Near the center of the state, the then-new settlement was across the river from the settlement of Fort Pierre, and near what became an important railroad crossing of the river.
Janjanbi
Janjanbi (じゃんじゃん火 or ジャンジャン火) is an atmospheric ghost light told about the legends of various places in the Nara Prefecture. They are considered a type of onibi. In the Miyazaki Prefecture they are also called musabi (むさ火) and in the Kōchi Prefecture, they are called kechibi.

Atmospheric ghost lights
Atmospheric ghost lights are lights (or fires) that appear in the atmosphere without an obvious cause. Examples include the onibi, hitodama and will-o'-wisp. They are often seen in humid climates.

According to legend, some lights are wandering spirits of the dead, the work of devils or yōkai, or the pranks of fairies. They are feared by some people as a portent of death. In other parts of the world, there are folk beliefs that supernatural fires appear where treasure is buried; these fires are said to be the spirits of the treasure or the spirits of humans buried with grave goods. Atmospheric ghost lights are also sometimes thought to be related to UFOs.

Some ghost lights such as St. Elmo's fire or the shiranui have been explained as optical phenomena of light emitted through electrical activity. Other types may be due to combustion of flammable gases, ball lightning, meteors, torches and other human-made fires, the misperception of human objects, and pranks.
Shittah tree
Shittah tree (Hebrew: שִׁטָּה) or the plural "shittim" was used in the Tanakh to refer to trees belonging to the genera Vachellia and Faidherbia (both formerly classed in Acacia). Faidherbia albida, Vachellia seyal, Vachellia tortilis, and Vachellia gerrardii can be found growing wild in the Sinai Desert and the Jordan River Valley.

In the Exodus, the ancient Israelites were commanded to use "shittah wood" to make various parts of the Tabernacle and of the Ark of the Covenant. This was most likely Vachellia seyal or Vachellia tortilis.

"The wild acacia (Vachellia nilotica), under the name of sunt, everywhere represents the seneh, or senna, of the burning bush. A slightly different form of the tree, equally common under the name of seyal, is the ancient shittah, or, as more usually expressed in the plural form, the shittim, of which the Tabernacle was made."

Vachellia
Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or acacias. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2009. Vachellia can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules. Before discovery of the New World, Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of Vachellia, which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans.

The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant. In parts of Africa, Vachellia species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as gazelle, gerenuk, and giraffe. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory.
2004 Elite League speedway season
The 2004 Elite League speedway season was the 70th season of the top division of speedway in the United Kingdom and governed by the Speedway Control Bureau (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA). Poole Pirates completed the double (league and cup winners) for the second year running. They were the first team to achieve this since Oxford Cheetahs in 1986.

Oxford Cheetahs
The Oxford Cheetahs are a British speedway team based at Oxford Stadium, in Oxford, England. They were founded in 1939 and are five times champions of Britain, in 1964, 1985, 1986, 1989 and 2001. The club folded in 2007 but returned to racing when participating in the SGB Championship 2022.

During their history they have run under several other names; from 1972 to 1975, they were known as Oxford Rebels and from 2003 to 2005, they were known as Oxford Silver Machine. They have also run junior sides known as the Oxford Cubs, Oxford Silver Machine Academy, Oxford Lions and Oxford Chargers. In 2024 and 2025 the club has ran two teams in addition to the Cheetahs, one under a new guise of the Oxford Spires in the Premiership and the Chargers in the development league. In 2026 the Spires dropped out of the Premiership and only the Cheetahs and Chargers will compete.
2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands
The 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands was held on 6 June 2024 as part of the 2024 European Parliament election. It was the tenth time the elections have been held for the European elections in the Netherlands, and the first to take place after Brexit.

Left-wing GroenLinks–PvdA retained its plurality, winning eight seats. The right-wing populist Party for Freedom saw the largest increase in seats, going from zero to six compared to the previous election.

Party for the Animals
The Party for the Animals (Dutch: Partij voor de Dieren [pɑrˈtɛi voːr də ˈdiːrə(n)], PvdD) is a political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. The PvdD was founded in 2002 as a single-issue party for animal rights, opposing animal cruelty and the treatment of animals in agriculture. The party then developed into a left-wing, ecological party.

Since 2019, the PvdD's political leader is Esther Ouwehand. With 2.08% of the votes at the 2025 general election, the PvdD holds three of the 150 House of Representatives's seats. In the Senate, it has one of the 75 seats. PvdD holds 26 States-Provincial seats across all provinces. In the European Parliament, it has one of the 31 seats allocated to the Netherlands constituency.
Abu Dis
Abu Dis or Abu Deis (Arabic: أبو ديس) is a Palestinian village in the West Bank, in the Jerusalem Governorate of the State of Palestine, bordering Jerusalem. Since the 1995 Oslo II Accord, Abu Dis land has been mostly part of "Area B", under Israeli military control and Palestinian civic control. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) census, Abu Dis had a population of 12,251 in 2017.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Piz Alpetta
Piz Alpetta (2,764 m) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located near Disentis in the canton of Graubünden. It lies at the eastern end of the chain east of Piz Cavardiras, between the Val Russein and the main Rhine valley.

Disentis
Mustér ([muˈʃteː]ⓘ, Romansh) or Disentis (German), with its official name Disentis/Mustér is a village and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.

The skiing and summer tourism resort high up in the Rhine valley is the site of one of the oldest Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland. The monastery dates back to 720, its huge current complex dates from 1696 to 1712.
Zenevredo
Zenevredo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km southeast of Milan and about 20 km southeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 459 and an area of 5.3 km2.

Zenevredo borders the following municipalities: Arena Po, Bosnasco, Montù Beccaria, Stradella.

Stradella, Lombardy
Stradella (Lombard: Stradéla) is a town and comune (municipality) of the Oltrepò Pavese in the Province of Pavia in the northern Italian region of Lombardy. It is situated in the Padan Plain, about 5 km (3 mi) south of the river Po and has a population of 10,922.
Somalis in Sweden
Somalis in Sweden (Swedish: Somalier i Sverige; Somali: Soomaalida Iswiidhan) are citizens and residents of Sweden who are of Somali ancestry or are Somali citizens. A large proportion of Somalis in Sweden emigrated to Sweden due to the Somali Civil War. Most Somalis in Sweden arrived to the country after the year 2006.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Massachusetts, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Two Republican primaries (in the 8th and 9th districts) were held on September 6. No other candidate faced a competitive primary. Massachusetts is the most populous state in which only a single party won seats in 2022.

Ayanna Pressley
Ayanna Soyini Pressley (born February 3, 1974) is an American politician who has served as the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district since 2019. This district includes the northern three quarters of Boston, most of Cambridge, parts of Milton, as well as all of Chelsea, Everett, Randolph, and Somerville.

Pressley served as an at-large member of the Boston City Council from 2010 through 2019. She was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2018 after she defeated the ten-term incumbent Mike Capuano in the Democratic primary election for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district and ran unopposed in the general election. Pressley was the first black woman elected to the Boston City Council and the first black woman elected to Congress from Massachusetts. Pressley is a member of "The Squad", an informal group of progressive Congress members.
Hannah Green (author)
Hannah Green (1927–1996) was an American author, born in Cincinnati, Ohio and lived on Barrow Street, in Greenwich Village, New York. As an undergraduate at Wellesley, she enrolled in Vladimir Nabokov's survey of Russian literature in translation, which she later wrote about in The New Yorker. Ms. Green completed her MFA at Stanford University with Wallace Stegner. There she met Tillie Olsen, and the two began a lifelong friendship. In 1960, she was a recipient of the first of many MacDowell Colony residencies. Among her published work are articles in The New Yorker, the books, The Dead of the House (1973) and Golden Spark, Little Saint: My Book of the Hours of Saint Foy (2000),  and the children's book, In the City of Paris. For several years, Ms. Green taught in the writing programs of Stanford, Columbia, and New York University. Until her death in 1996, she was married to the American artist John Wesley.

Wallace Stegner
Wallace Earle Stegner (February 18, 1909 – April 13, 1993) was an American novelist, writer, environmentalist, and historian. He was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1972 and the U.S. National Book Award in 1977.
2025–26 in Scottish football
The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of competitive football in Scotland. The domestic season began on the weekend of 11–13 July with the first Scottish League Cup group stage matches, and the first round of matches in the 2025–26 Scottish Premiership, played on the weekend of 1–3 August.

2025–26 UEFA Europa League qualifying
2025–26 UEFA Europa League qualifying is the preliminary phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Europa League, prior to the competition proper. Qualification consists of the qualifying phase (first to third rounds) and the play-off round. It began on 10 July and will end on 28 August 2025.

A total of 53 teams will compete in the qualifying system, which includes the qualifying phase and the play-off round. The 12 winners of the play-off round will advance to the league phase, to join the 13 teams that enter in the league stage, along with the seven losers of the Champions League play-off round (five from the Champions Path and two from the League Path), and the four losers of the Champions League third qualifying round (League Path).

Times are CEST (UTC+2), as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
Jack Clowes
Jack Clowes (31 July 1866 – 10 March 1927), was an American-born British rugby union footballer of the 1880s, who played in Yorkshire for Halifax, and was selected to play at a representative level for the British Isles on the 1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, the first tour by a team representing the British Isles. Clowes is notable for having been prohibited from playing on that 1888 tour due to the Rugby Football Union deeming him a professional, and for the subsequent ramifications of his case contributing to the creation of the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895.

Yorkshire Cup (rugby union)
The Yorkshire Cup is an English Rugby Football Union competition founded in 1878. It is organised by the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union and is open to all eligible clubs in the Yorkshire area. It was initially known as the Yorkshire Challenge Cup. Current Champions are York RUFC

The Yorkshire Senior Cup is currently the premier county cup competition for club sides based in Yorkshire that play in tier 4 (National League 2 North), tier 5 (National League 3 North) and tier 6 (North 1 East) of the English rugby union league system.  The current format is as a knock-out cup with a first round, second round, quarter-final, semi-final and final, which is to be played at neutral ground in the county.  Teams ranked lower than tier 6 play in the Yorkshire Shield or Yorkshire Trophy.
2025–26 Algerian League 2
The 2025–26 Algerian League 2 is the 62nd season of the Algerian League 2 since its establishment and the first one under its new name. The competition is organized by the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur and consists of two groups of 16. At the end of the last game of the League 2, the 3 clubs that are ranked last in each group are relegated to the Inter Régions. The start of the 2025–26 season of the League 2 was on Friday, September 13, as announced by Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur in a press release published on the official website.

National Amateur Football League
The National Amateur Football League (Arabic: الرابطة الوطنية لكرة القدم للهواة), commonly known as the LNFA, is an Algerian league organization that runs the second-highest division in the Algerian football league system. It was founded in 2010 and serves under the authority of the Algerian Football Federation. The league is responsible for overseeing, organizing, and managing the Algerian League 2.
ICMJE recommendations
The ICMJE recommendations (full title, "Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals") are a set of guidelines produced by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors for standardising the ethics, preparation and formatting of manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals for publication. Compliance with the ICMJE recommendations is required by most leading biomedical journals. Levels of real compliance are subject to debate. As of 9 January 2020, 5570 journals worldwide claim to follow the ICMJE recommendations.

The recommendations were first issued in 1979 under the title "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (abbreviated URMs and often shortened to "Uniform Requirements"). After a series of revisions, they were given their current name in 2013.

The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. Founded in 1812, the journal is among the most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals. Its 2024 impact factor was 78.5, ranking it 2nd out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".
Fond du Lac Light
The Fond du Lac Light is a lighthouse located at the entrance to the harbor and Yacht Club, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.  It is located on the southern end of Lake Winnebago. It is currently incorporated in the Fond du Lac City Seal. Construction of the lighthouse started in May 1933 and was completed shortly after October. It replaced an ordinary red light that previously marked the harbor entrance.

After years of neglect it was saved from demolition in 1967 and restored in 1993 with help from local community organizations.

The lighthouse is also the focal point of the seasonal holiday lights in Lakeside Park; a cutout of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is adorned to the light house using the red light on top of the lighthouse as the nose.

Pending major rebuild for being crooked for the past 25 years.

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
Fond du Lac (/ˈfɒndəlæk/ ⓘ) is a city in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is at the southern end of Lake Winnebago and had a population of 44,678 at the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the Fond du Lac metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Fond du Lac County and had 104,154 residents in 2020.
EMD SD20
The SD20 is the product of a rebuilding program by the Illinois Central Gulf's Paducah Shops as a conversion from the EMD SD7, EMD SD24, SD24B (cabless), and EMD SD35 locomotives. The program involved rebuilding the 567 engine to 645E with 2000 horsepower rating, eliminating the turbocharger if equipped with one, upgrading the electronics to Dash 2 technology, and adding cabs to the B units. A total of 42 units were rebuilt. Original heritage of the rebuilt units was 3 Union Pacific SD7s, 4 Union Pacific SD24s, 10 Union Pacific SD24Bs, 21 Southern SD24s, and 4 Baltimore and Ohio SD35s. Many of the units to be rebuilt were purchased from Precision National. Three of the ex-Southern SD24s wore Precision reporting marks. The locomotives were rebuilt between August 1979 and December 1982. Road Numbers assigned were 2000–2041. Unit 2041 was the last Paducah rebuild.

EMD SD35
The EMD SD35 is a model of 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between June 1964 and January 1966.  Power was provided by an EMD 567D3A, 16-cylinder engine which generated 2,500 brake horsepower (1,900 kW). A 3,000-US-gallon (11,000 L; 2,500 imp gal) fuel tank was used on this unit. This locomotive model shared a common frame with the EMD SD28, giving it an overall length of 60 feet 8+1⁄2 inches (18.504 m). 360 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads.
Madonna and Child with Three Saints (Mantegna)
The Madonna and Child with Three Saints is a 1490-1500 tempera on canvas painting attributed to Andrea Mantegna, now in the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris. Heavily damaged, not all art historians attribute it as an autograph work. If it is, it belongs to a group of small-format Madonnas for private devotions, which also includes Holy Family with Saints Anne and John the Baptist (Dresden), Holy Family with a Female Saint (Verona) and Madonna and Child with Saints (Turin). The Madonna's face touches that of her son in a manner reminiscent of the Madonna with Sleeping Child (Berlin). To the left is a female saint, possibly Mary Magdalene, whilst to the right are saint Joseph and another unidentifiable male saint.

Holy Family with a Female Saint (Mantegna)
The Holy Family with a Female Saint is a 1495–1505 tempera on canvas painting attributed to Andrea Mantegna - the lose of the original finish and re-painting means that the painting itself cannot be securely attributed to him, though the silverpoint under-drawing is definitely in the master's hand. To the left is saint Joseph and to the right is an unidentified female saint, possibly Mary Magdalene.

It is now in the Museo di Castelvecchio in Verona, from which it was stolen on the evening of 19 November 2015 along with sixteen other works. They were found near Odessa in Ukraine on 6 May the following year, from which they were about to be sold on into Ukraine and Russia. They were returned to the museum later in 2016