hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castle Street, Gibraltar
Castle Street (Calle de la Cuesta or more popularly Calle Comedia) is a street of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It runs to the east of the town, to the north of Flat Bastion Road.

The street is also known as Calle Comedia as in the 19th century the street had a theatre in what had been a Real Tennis Court which was used for entertainment. This theatre was in use until the Theatre Royal was built at Governor's Parade.

Flat Bastion Road
Flat Bastion Road is a road in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. The road runs north–south, providing views of the city and Bay of Gibraltar. Previously known in Spanish as Senda del Moro (English: Path of the Moor), the traditional Llanito name for the road is Cuesta de Mr. Bourne.

The road angles along the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar to the Flat Bastion, a fortification.  Married quarters were built along the road. In the nineteenth century there were outbreaks of yellow fever in the 1820s and of diphtheria in the 1880s among the residents, apparently due to faulty sewers. Developments included, in the 1830s a school for poor children which remained in use as a school into the early twentieth century and a club where masked balls were held.  In modern times the bastion's magazine has been refurbished for civilian use, the barracks have been converted into affordable housing, and parking has become an issue.
2020–21 Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball team
The 2020–21 Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball team represented Purdue University during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Boilermakers, led by 15th year head coach Sharon Versyp, played their home games at Mackey Arena and were a members of the Big Ten Conference.

They finished the season 7–16 and 4–14 in Big Ten play to finish in twelfth place.  As the eleventh seed in the Big Ten tournament, they were defeated by Iowa in the Second Round.  They were not invited to the NCAA tournament or the WNIT.

2021 Big Ten women's basketball tournament
The 2021 Big Ten women's basketball tournament was a postseason tournament held from March 9–13, 2021 at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. The winner of this tournament, Maryland earned an automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.
Bactrocera invadens
Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens is the name given to tephritid fruit flies that were introduced to East Africa from Sri Lanka and subsequently invaded practically the whole of Sub-Saharan Africa, hence the species name "invadens". It was first shown to be the same biological species as B. dorsalis s.s. by possessing identical sex pheromonal components after consumption of methyl eugenol, and also based on CO1 and rDNA sequences. Subsequently, it was agreed that B. invadens, B. papayae and B. philippinensis be synonymized as B. dorsalis. To counteract its detrimental effects to the fruit business, the industry resorts to cold treatment in order to get rid of the larvae.

Tergum
A tergum (Latin for "the back"; pl.: terga, associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. A given tergum may be divided into hardened plates or sclerites commonly referred to as tergites.

In a thoracic segment, for example, the tergum may be divided into an anterior notum and a posterior scutellum. Lateral extensions of a tergite are known as paranota (Greek for "alongside the back") or carinae (Latin for "keel"), exemplified by the flat-backed millipedes of the order Polydesmida.

Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.

Tergo-tergal is a stridulatory mechanism in which fine spines of the abdominal tergites are rubbed together to produce sound. This process is known as abdominal telescoping.
Red Building of the Zamu Central County Committee
The Red Building of the Zamu Central County Committee (Chinese: 扎木中心县委红楼, 波密县中心红楼), located in Bomê County, Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, is a two-story wooden structure designed in a Soviet-style architectural imitation. Built in 1953, the site originally comprised three buildings, of which only one remains today. In 1959, it became a significant location when the People's Liberation Army successfully repelled Tibetan rebels there. In 2013, the building was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Nyingchi
Nyingchi (Tibetan: ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།, Wylie: nying khri grong khyer), also known as Linzhi (Chinese: 林芝; pinyin: Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District.

Nyingchi is the location of Buchu Monastery.
Jean-Baptiste Denys
Jean-Baptiste Denys (c. 1635 – 3 October 1704) was a French physician notable for having performed the first fully documented human blood transfusion, a xenotransfusion. He studied in Montpellier and was the personal physician to King Louis XIV.

Grand Châtelet
The Grand Châtelet was a fortress in Ancien Régime Paris, on the right bank of the Seine, on the site of what is now the Place du Châtelet; it contained a court and police headquarters and a number of prisons.
Poison pen letter
A poison pen letter (or poisoned pen letter) is a letter or note containing unpleasant, abusive, or malicious statements or accusations about the recipient or a third party. It is usually sent anonymously, often by employing the ransom note effect to avoid exposing the author's handwriting. Poison pen letters are usually composed and sent to upset the recipient, and differ from blackmail, which is intended to obtain something from the recipient. The reference to poison is figurative rather than literal.

In the United Kingdom, Section 1 of the Malicious Communications Act 1988 covers most cases of poison pen letters.

Abuse
Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression. Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.
Helen Walker McAndrew
Helen Walker McAndrew (6 February 1825 – 26 October 1906) was a Scottish-American doctor and the first documented female physician in Washtenaw County, Michigan. According to some sources, she was also the first female physician in the U.S. state of Michigan.

Washtenaw County, Michigan
Washtenaw County (/ˈwɔːʃtənɔː/ WAWSH-tə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the population was 372,258. The county seat and largest city is Ann Arbor. The county was authorized by legislation in 1822 and organized as a county in 1826.
Washtenaw County comprises the Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county is home to the University of Michigan, Eastern Michigan University, Washtenaw Community College, and Concordia University Ann Arbor.
Charleroi Metro line 1
Line M1 is a line of the Charleroi Metro in Belgium operated by TEC Charleroi, running from the Monument tram stop in Anderlues to the metro loop around central Charleroi, before heading back to Anderlues. Line M1 was created on 27 February 2012 (2012-02-27) to replace former lines 88 and 89 after completion of the loop around central Charleroi. Introduction of new line numbers (M1, M2, M3 and M4) in February 2012 coincided with the formal association of colors to line numbers. The official color for line M1 is red.

Line M1 is identical to Line M2 except that it runs along the downtown loop in a counter-clockwise direction.

Charleroi-Central railway station
Charleroi-Central railway station (French: Gare de Charleroi-Central; Dutch: Station Charleroi-Centraal) is the main railway station serving Charleroi, Hainaut, Belgium. It is operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS). It was formerly called Charleroi-South railway station (French: Gare de Charleroi-Sud; Dutch: Station Charleroi-Zuid) until December 2022.

Charleroi-Central is also the main TEC bus station in Charleroi, and a station of the Charleroi Metro.
Lėvuo
The Lėvuo is a river in Northern Lithuania, a right tributary of the river Mūša. Lėvuo is 148 kilometres long. In 1931 Sanžilė channel, connecting Lėvuo and Nevėžis rivers was built. The largest tributaries of Lėvuo are Mituva, Svalia, Kupa and Viešinta.

Mūša
The Mūša (Latvian: Mūsa; German: Muhsse) is a river in Northern Lithuania and Southern Latvia (Zemgale region). At its confluence with the river Nemunėlis (Latvian: Mēmele) in Latvia, near the city of Bauska, the river Lielupė is formed. The river is 164 kilometres (102 mi) long, with 146 kilometres (91 mi) in Lithuania and 18 kilometres (11 mi) in Latvia.
Hai Au Paper
Hai Au Paper JSC (CTCP Giấy Hải Âu; HASTC:GHA) is a paper company in Vietnam. It is a subsidiary company of HAPACO (Hanoi Paper Company) and is listed on the Hanoi Securities Trading Center.  Hai Au is active in the paper sector, producing packaging material and forestry supplies, and trading paper goods and goods involved in the paper industry.  It is located in Hai Phong.

Haiphong
Haiphong or Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hǎːj fɔ̀ŋ͡m] ⓘ) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta. The municipality has an area of 3,194.72 km2 (1,233.49 mi2). The city includes Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. It has a population of 4,664,124 in 2025.
Imperial fortress
Lord Salisbury described Malta, Gibraltar, Bermuda, and Halifax as Imperial fortresses at the 1887 Colonial Conference, though by that point they had  been so designated for decades. Later historians have also given the title "imperial fortress" to St. Helena and Mauritius, despite their lacking naval dockyards and not serving as home bases for station naval squadrons.

The fortresses provided safe harbours; coal stores; and dockyards to protect and supply Royal Navy warships. They had numbers of soldiers sufficient not only for local defence, but also to provide expeditionary forces to work with the Royal Navy, as well as stockpiles of military supplies.

North America and West Indies Station
The North America and West Indies Station was a formation of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from the 1740s to 1956, with its main bases in Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station absorbed the separate Newfoundland Station in 1825 (becoming the North America and Newfoundland Station), and the Jamaica Station in 1830, to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926, absorbing what had been the South East Coast of America Station and the Pacific Station.
Index of recreational dive sites
The following index is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Wikipedia's articles on recreational dive sites. The level of coverage may vary:

Recreational dive sites – specific places that recreational divers go to enjoy the underwater environment or are used for training purposes.

Maltese patrol boat P31
Pasewalk (GS05) was a Kondor I-class minesweeper built in East Germany. After the Volksmarine was disbanded just before the reunification of Germany, she was sold to Malta in 1992 and renamed P31 and was used as a patrol boat. After being decommissioned, she was scuttled as a dive site in 2009 off Comino.
Job 10
Job 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.

Job 31
Job 31 is the 31st  chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around the 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.
Mapuche uprising of 1655
The Mapuche uprising of 1655 (Spanish: alzamiento mapuche de 1655 or levantamiento mapuche de 1655) was a series of coordinated Mapuche attacks against Spanish settlements and forts in colonial Chile. It was the worst military crisis in Chile in decades, and contemporaries even considered the possibility of a civil war among the Spanish. The uprising marks the beginning of a ten-year period of warfare between the Spanish and the Mapuche.

Juan Ignacio Molina
Fr. Juan Ignacio Molina (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan iɣˈnasjo moˈlina]; (June 24, 1740 – September 12, 1829) was a Chilean-Spanish Jesuit priest, naturalist, historian, translator, geographer, botanist, ornithologist, and linguist. He is usually referred to as Abate Molina (Abbot Molina), and is also sometimes known by the Italian form of his name, Giovanni Ignazio Molina.

He was one of the precursors of the theory of the gradual evolution of species, 44 years before Darwin, who repeatedly quoted him in "The Origin of Species".

The standard author abbreviation Molina is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
2007 New Jersey General Assembly election
The 2007 New Jersey General Assembly elections were held on November 6, 2007, for all 80 seats in the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. The election occurred midway through Democratic Governor Jon Corzine's term. Democrats held a 49–31 majority in the lower house prior to the election. The members of the New Jersey Legislature are chosen from 40 electoral districts. Each district elects one State Senator and two State Assembly members. New Jersey uses coterminous legislative districts for both its State Senate and General Assembly.

The Democratic Party won a 48–32 majority. Republicans were able to flip one seat in the 2nd, 8th (after a Republican switched to the Democrats) and 12th districts, while Democrats flipped one seat in the 14th.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Gompers Houses
Samuel Gompers Houses, also known as Gompers Houses, is a public housing development built and maintained by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) on the Lower East Side of Manhattan on Pitt Street between Delancey and Stanton Streets. Gompers Houses is composed of two 20-story buildings with 474 apartments that house approximately 1,116 people. It is built on a 3.7 acres (15,000 m2) site bordered by Stanton Street to the north, Columbia Street to the east, Delancey Street to the south, and Pitt Street to the west.

Avenue C (Manhattan)
Avenue C is a north-south avenue located in the Alphabet City area of the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, east of Avenue B and west of Avenue D. It is also known as Loisaida Avenue. It starts at South Street, proceeding north as Montgomery Street and Pitt Street, before intersecting East Houston Street and assuming its proper name. Avenue C ends at 23rd Street, running nearly underneath the FDR Drive from 18th Street. North of 14th Street, the road forms the eastern boundary of Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village.
Porto Open
The Eupago Porto Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger (since 2021) and the WTA Challenger Tour (since 2025), and the ITF Men's Circuit. It has been held annually at the Complexo Ténis Monte Aventino in Porto, Portugal, since 1999 for women and since 2007 for men. The 2025 ATP Challenger edition was downgraded to a Challenger 100.

Between 2001 and 2002, the tournament was classed as a Tier IV event on the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. It was held for two years (2001–2002), and had a total prize fund of $140,000 in each year. The most notable player to win the singles was three-time French Open champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, who won the 2001 event.

The tournament was played on clay courts up until the 2019 edition, when it changed to hardcourts.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
2019 Little Rock Challenger
The 2019 Little Rock Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States from June 3 to June 9, 2019.

Little Rock Challenger
The UAMS (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences) Health Little Rock Open is a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States since 2019.
Cape Town Stock Exchange
The Cape Town Stock Exchange (CTSE) is a stock exchange based in Cape Town, South Africa. It is the second largest stock exchange in South Africa, after the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), and the only one other than the JSE that is authorized to trade in both equity and debt.

JSE Limited
The JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and commonly referred to as the JSE) is a stock exchange in South Africa, and the largest in Africa by market capitalization. It has been located in Sandton, Gauteng, since it moved from Johannesburg CBD in 2000.

As of January 2026, the JSE had a market capitalization of R24.22 trillion (roughly €1.27 trillion / £1.1 trillion / $1.48 trillion), and a total of 431 listed companies. In the same month, the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index (ALSI) hit 100,000 points - the highest since its foundation.

The JSE accounts for around 60% of Africa's total equity market value, with large, liquid, globally-integrated companies across numerous economic sectors. In terms of market cap, it is larger than the next nine ranking African stock exchanges combined.
2024 Open Bogotá
The 2024 Open Bogotá was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia between 5 and 11 August 2024.

Open Bogotá
Kia Open Bogotá (previously DirecTV Open Bogotá, Open Seguros Bolívar, Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá) is a tournament for professional tennis players played on outdoor clay courts held in Bogotá, Colombia since 2005. From 2005–2013 and from 2014–2017, it was an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour men's event. The tournament was not held in 2018–2020 but returned to the Challenger Tour in 2021. The event was also held as an ITF Women's Circuit tournament from 2007 to 2011 and had a $25,000 prize money fund. A one-off $100,000+H women's tournament was also held in 2014. The men's tournament had an $82,000 prize money fund in 2024. Since 2025 it is known as the Kia Open.
Monk Soham
Monk Soham is a village in Suffolk, eastern England, four miles (6.4 km) northeast of Debenham and six miles (10 km) northwest of Framlingham. The neighbouring villages are Bedfield, Ashfield cum Thorpe, Kenton and Bedingfield. The nearest primary school is in Bedfield. There are secondary schools in Framlingham, Debenham and Woodbridge.

In 2011, Monk Soham had a population of 156.

In the early 1870s, Monk Soham was described as a parish, with a village, in Hoxne district, Suffolk; four and a quarter miles WNW of Framlingham r. station. Post town, Wickham-Market. Acres, 1,569. Real property, £3,153. Pop., 442. Houses, 86. The property is subdivided. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £530. There are a parochial school, and charities £80.

Framlingham
Framlingham is a market town and civil parish  in Suffolk, England. 
Of Anglo-Saxon origin, it appears in the 1086 Domesday Book and was part of Loes Hundred. The parish had a population of 3,342 at the 2011 census and an estimated 4,016 in 2019. Nearby villages include Earl Soham, Kettleburgh, Parham, Saxtead and Sweffling.
Kirchheim bei München
Kirchheim bei München (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçhaɪm baɪ ˈmʏnçn̩], lit. 'Kirchheim near Munich') is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 14 km east of Munich (centre). As of 2023 it has a population of 14,030.

Munich (district)
Munich (German: Landkreis München) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It borders (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Dachau, Freising, Erding, Ebersberg, Rosenheim, Miesbach, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Starnberg, Fürstenfeldbruck, and almost encircles (except for the west and northwest sides) the district-free city of Munich itself, which is the district seat.
Patagons
The Patagons or Patagonian giants were a mythical race of giant humans rumoured to be living in Patagonia described in early European accounts. They were said to have exceeded at least double normal human height, with some accounts giving heights of 13 to 15 feet (4 to 4.5 m) or more. Tales of these people maintained a hold upon European conceptions of the region for nearly 300 years.

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.
Redheffer matrix
In mathematics, a Redheffer matrix, often denoted  as studied by Redheffer (1977), is a square (0,1) matrix whose entries aij are 1 if i divides j or if j = 1; otherwise, aij = 0. It is useful in some contexts to express Dirichlet convolution, or convolved divisors sums, in terms of matrix products involving the transpose of the  Redheffer matrix.

Arithmetic function
In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function whose domain is the set of positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical property of n". There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes.

An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.

Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum.