hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ben Cook (actor)
Benjamin Tyler Cook (born December 11, 1997) is an American actor, singer and dancer, known for his work across stage and screen.

Cook has appeared on the Broadway stage in Ragtime, Billy Elliot the Musical (for which he was nominated for a Helen Hayes Award), Tuck Everlasting, Mean Girls, West Side Story, and Illinoise. He has also performed in two Broadway national tours, Billy Elliot the Musical and Newsies the Musical, and appeared on television in episodes of 30 Rock, House of Cards, Veep, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and in the HBO film Paterno. He most recently appeared as a Jet in the 2021 film version of West Side Story and as Henry in the HBO Max horror series Pretty Little Liars (2022–2024), a reboot of the original 2010s series.

Understudy
In theatre, an understudy, referred to in opera as cover or covering, is a performer who learns the lines and blocking or choreography of a regular actor, actress, or other performer in a play. Should the regular actor or actress be unable to appear on stage, the understudy takes over the part. Usually when the understudy takes over, the theater manager announces the cast change prior to the start of the performance. Coined in 1874, the term understudy has more recently generally been applied only to performers who can back up a role, but still regularly perform in another role.
Offord D'Arcy
Offord D'Arcy is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Offord Cluny and Offord D'Arcy. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) north of St Neots and 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Huntingdon. Offord D'Arcy is in Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England. It is the twin village of Offord Cluny and together they are known as The Offords. Historically both villages had their own parish councils but the two civil parishes were merged on 1 April 2010. At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Offord D'Arcy was 747 people.

Huntingdon
Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there in 1599 and became one of its Members of Parliament (MP) in 1628. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as its MP from 1979 until his retirement in 2001.
Mohammad Rafique Mughal
Muhammad Rafiq Mugal (born 1936) is a Pakistani archaeologist, engaged in investigating of ethnoarchaeological research in Chitral, northern Pakistan. He has been responsible for the direction, technical support and supervision for restoration and conservation of more than thirty monuments and excavated remains of the Islamic, Buddhist and Proto-historic periods, in Punjab, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan. He served as a professor of archaeology and heritage management and the director of undergraduate studies at Boston University. He is now Professor Emeritus of Archaeology at Boston University.

Charsadda
Charsadda (Pashto: چارسده; pronounceⓘ; Urdu: چارسدہ; pronounceⓘ) is a town and headquarters of Charsadda District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Charsadda lies about 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the provincial capital of Peshawar at an altitude of 276 metres (906 ft).
Allium papillare
Allium papillare is a species of flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. It is a wild onion found in sandy areas in southern and eastern Israel and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is a small bulb-forming perennial; flowers have white tepals with purple midveins.

Wild onion
Wild onion can refer to

any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:
Allium bisceptrum
Allium canadense
Allium tricoccum
Allium validum
Allium vineale
Allium ochotense

Asphodelus tenuifolius

Cyperus bulbosus

Bulbine semibarbata
Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras
This is a glossary for the terminology applied in the mathematical theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. For the topics in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, see Glossary of representation theory. Because of the lack of other options, the glossary also includes some generalizations such as quantum group.

Notations:

Throughout the glossary,  denotes the inner product of a Euclidean space E and  denotes the rescaled inner product

Borel subgroup
In the theory of algebraic groups, a Borel subgroup of an algebraic group G is a maximal Zariski closed and connected solvable algebraic subgroup. For example, in the general linear group GLn (n x n invertible matrices), the subgroup of invertible upper triangular matrices is a Borel subgroup.

For groups realized over algebraically closed fields, there is a single conjugacy class of Borel subgroups.

Borel subgroups are one of the two key ingredients in understanding the structure of simple (more generally, reductive) algebraic groups, in Jacques Tits' theory of groups with a (B, N) pair. Here the group B is a Borel subgroup and N is the normalizer of a maximal torus contained in B.

The notion was introduced by Armand Borel, who played a leading role in the development of the theory of algebraic groups.
Fatalism
Fatalism is a belief and philosophical doctrine which considers the entire universe as a deterministic system and stresses the subjugation of all events, actions, and behaviors to fate or destiny, which is commonly associated with the consequent attitude of resignation in the face of future events which are thought to be inevitable and outside of human control.

Compatibilism
Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. The opposing belief, that the thesis of determinism is logically incompatible with the classical thesis of free will, is known as "incompatibilism".

Compatibilists often believe that freedom can be present or absent in situations for reasons that have nothing to do with metaphysics. In other words, that causal determinism does not exclude the truth of possible future outcomes. Because free will is often seen as a necessary prerequisite for moral responsibility, compatibilism is commonly used to support compatibility between moral responsibility and determinism.

Similarly, political liberty is a non-metaphysical concept. Statements of political liberty, such as the United States Bill of Rights, assume moral liberty: the ability to choose to do otherwise than what one does.
Casey at the Bat (1916 film)
Casey at the Bat is a lost 1916 American silent sports drama film produced by Fine Arts Studios in Hollywood, directed by Lloyd Ingraham, and starring DeWolf Hopper with principal support from Marguerite Marsh, Frank Bennett, and Kate Toncray. The photoplay's scenario, written by William E. Wing, was based on Ernest Thayer's 1888 baseball poem of the same title.

The Library of Congress includes the film among the National Film Preservation Board's list of "7,200 Lost U.S. Silent Feature Films" produced between 1912 and 1929.

Ernest Thayer
Ernest Lawrence Thayer (/ˈθeɪər/; August 14, 1863 – August 21, 1940) was an American writer and poet who wrote the poem "Casey" (or "Casey at the Bat"), which is "the single most famous baseball poem ever written" according to the Baseball Almanac, and "the nation’s best-known piece of comic verse—a ballad that began a native legend as colorful and permanent as that of Johnny Appleseed or Paul Bunyan".
Dębiany, Sandomierz County
Dębiany [dɛmˈbjanɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Obrazów, 10 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
NHK Wakayama Broadcasting Station
The NHK Wakayama Broadcasting Station (NHK和歌山放送局, NHK Wakayama Hoso Kyoku) is a unit of the NHK that oversees terrestrial broadcasting in Wakayama Prefecture. Locally, it only broadcasts NHK FM and NHK General TV. NHK Radio 1, NHK Radio 2 and NHK Educational TV are all dependent on Osaka.

NHK Radio 1
NHK Radio 1 (NHKラジオ第1放送, NHK Rajio Dai-ichi Hōsō), known by its callsign NHK AM, is Japan's oldest radio station operated by the public broadcaster, NHK. Its programming output, which consists of news, current affairs, and information is broadly similar to the BBC's Radio 4 in the United Kingdom, Radio National in Australia, National Public Radio in the United States, CBC Radio One in Canada, Deutschlandfunk in Germany and Radyo 1 in Turkey. NHK Radio 1 is available mainly on AM. The callsign is JOAK in Tokyo. It began broadcasting on July 12, 1925. During World War II, it often broadcast official announcements.
Coastal Landscape Park
The Polish Coastal Landscape Park (Polish: Nadmorski Park Krajobrazowy; Kashubian: Nadmòrsczi Park Krajòbrazny) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in northern Poland, established in 1978, covering an area of 188 square kilometres (73 sq mi).

The Park lies within Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Puck County (Gmina Kosakowo, Gmina Krokowa, Gmina Puck).

Within the Landscape Park are nine nature reserves.

In the Coastal Landscape Park there are all types of coast typical of the southern Baltic Sea. A characteristic element here are bogs, including the easternmost, Atlantic-type raised bogs. Almost half of the park is covered with forests, especially pine trees. There is a beech reserve on Cape Rozewie.

The fauna includes birds such as gulls, buzzards, ruffs. The coastal waters are rich in algae, crustaceans and molluscs. There are also many species of fish: stickleback, roach, perch, eel. Puck Bay is a reservoir for grey seals. It can also be seen in the Seal Sanctuary in Hel.

Puck County
Puck County (Polish: powiat pucki, Kashubian: pùcczi pòwiat) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. The powiat of this name existed  in the history of Poland, since the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth up to 1795, and then reintroduced in 1999.
2022 BWF World Junior Championships – Boys' doubles
The boys' doubles of the tournament 2022 BWF World Junior Championships is an individual badminton tournament to crowned the best boys' doubles under 19 pair across the BWF associate members around the world. Players will compete to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young Joong. The tournament will be held from 24 to 30 October 2022 in the Palacio de Deportes de Santander, Spain. The defending champions were Leo Rolly Carnando and Daniel Marthin from Indonesia, but they were not eligible to participate this year.

2022 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2022 BWF World Junior Championships was the twenty-second edition of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Santander, Spain at the Palacio de Deportes de Santander from 17 to 30 October 2022. Individual players competed to win the Eye Level Cup presented by the former BWF President and chairman of the World Youth Culture Foundation, Kang Young-joong, and the mixed team competed to win Suhandinata Cup.
Double-negation translation
In proof theory, a discipline within mathematical logic, double-negation translation, sometimes called negative translation, is a general approach for embedding classical logic into intuitionistic logic. Typically it is done by translating formulas to formulas that are classically equivalent but intuitionistically inequivalent. Particular instances of double-negation translations include Glivenko's translation for propositional logic, and the Gödel–Gentzen translation and Kuroda's translation for first-order logic.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Mozart's Sister
Mozart's Sister (French title: Nannerl, la sœur de Mozart) is a 2010 French drama film written and directed by René Féret, and starring two of his daughters. It presents a fictional account of the early life of Maria Anna Mozart, nicknamed Nannerl, who was the sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his only sibling to survive infancy.

Louis, Dauphin of France (born 1729)
Louis, Dauphin of France (Louis Ferdinand; 4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only surviving son of King Louis XV and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska. As a son of the king, Louis was a fils de France. As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. Although he died before ascending to the throne himself, all three of his sons who made it to adulthood would go on to be King: Louis XVI (r. 1774–1792), Louis XVIII (r. 1814–1815, 1815–1824) and Charles X (r. 1824–1830).
Fournierella (cephalopod)
Fournierella is a member of the Muniericeratidae, a family of Upper Cretaceous ammonites characterized by moderately evolute shells with strong sinuous ribs that have tubercles on the shoulders and umbilical edge, and a more or less fastigate cross section (venter sloping on either side like a gable roof), included in the Desmocerataceae. It may be a subgenus of Pseudoschloenbachia.

Desmoceratoidea
Desmoceratoidea, formerly Desmocerataceae, is a superfamily of Cretaceous ammonites, generally with round or oval-whorled shells that are mostly smooth or weakly ribbed and rarely tuberculate, but commonly with constrictions. Regarded as monophyletic, the Desmocerataceae are derived from the Phylloceratidae, splitting off in the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) and persisting to the end of the Maastrichtian.
Pleyto, California
Pleyto (Spanish for "Plea") is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on the San Antonio River 12.5 miles (20 km) southeast of Jolon, at an elevation of 781 feet (238 m).

The town was founded by William Pinkerton in 1868, and named for the Rancho Pleyto Mexican land grant. The Pleito post office operated from 1870 to 1872 and from 1874 to 1876. In 1884, the name was changed from "Pleito" to "Pleyto". The Pleyto post office operated from 1884 to 1925.  The town's original site has been flooded by Lake San Antonio.

Jolon, California
Jolon (/hoʊˈloʊn/; Spanish: Jolón; Salinan: Xolon) is a small unincorporated village in southern Monterey County, California. Jolon is located on the San Antonio River Valley, west of Salinas Valley and is entirely surrounded by  Fort Hunter Liggett.

The origins of Jolon date to 1771, when the Spanish established Mission San Antonio de Padua, under the command of Saint Junípero Serra. The town was officially founded by Californios in 1849, when Antonio Ramírez built an inn as a stop on El Camino Real.
Bertrand's theorem
In classical mechanics, Bertrand's theorem states that among central-force potentials with bound orbits, there are only two types of central-force (radial) scalar potentials with the property that all bound orbits are also closed orbits. The theorem is named after its discoverer, Joseph Bertrand who published it in 1873.

The first such potential is an inverse-square central force such as the gravitational or electrostatic potential: with force

The second is the radial harmonic oscillator potential: with force

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Keiichi Aichi
Keiichi Aichi (愛知 敬一, Aichi Keiichi; July 25, 1880 – June 23, 1923) was a Japanese physicist. He served as a professor of the physics department at the College of Science, Tohoku Imperial University.

Aichi was born in Tokyo in 1880 and studied theoretical physics at University of Tokyo. He graduated in 1903 and in 1905 moved to Kyoto where he became an assistant professor at Kyoto University. Between 1908 and 1911 he studied in Germany and in 1912 defended his PhD at Tohoku Imperial University with recommendations from the chancellor. Soon after, he assumed the post of professor at the university's then newly established College of Science. In 1922, he served as an interpreter during the visit of Albert Einstein in Japan. Aichi died from food poisoning in 1923.

His son was the politician Kiichi Aichi, who served consecutively as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance.

Kiichi Aichi
Kiichi Aichi (愛知 揆一, Aichi Kiichi; 10 October 1907 – 23 November 1973) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in post-war Japan. He held several cabinet-level positions throughout his career, including Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance and Minister of Education. He notably negotiated and signed the Okinawa Reversion Agreement with the United States on behalf of then Japanese prime minister Eisaku Satō in 1971.
Penicillium decumbens
Penicillium decumbens is an anamorph species of the genus of Penicillium which occurs widespread in nature, mainly in subtropical and tropical soil but it also occurs in food. Analysis have shown that Penicillium decumbens has antibiotic activity Penicillium decumbens produces the cyclopentenone cyclopenicillone

Penicillium
Penicillium (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪliəm/) is a genus of  ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.

Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species.
Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America
The timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America represents a timeline of the historical development of religious communities, institutions and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in North America.

Archbishop Iakovos of America
Archbishop Iakovos of North and South America (Greek: Ιάκωβος; born Demetrios Koukouzis (Δημήτριος Κουκούζης); July 29, 1911 – April 10, 2005) was the primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America (now the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America) from 1959 until his resignation in 1996.
2015 Categoría Primera A season
The 2015 Categoría Primera A season (officially known as the 2015 Liga Águila season for sponsorship reasons) was the 68th season of Colombia's top-flight football league. The season started on 30 January and concluded on 20 December.

20 teams competed against one another. Santa Fe came in as the defending champions having won the title in the 2014 season's Finalización tournament. Jaguares de Córdoba entered as champion of the 2014 Primera B, while Cortuluá and Cúcuta Deportivo were promoted as the top teams of their respective groups in the Promotion tournament.

Deportivo Cali won its ninth title in the Torneo Apertura after beating Independiente Medellín in the finals, while in the Torneo Finalización Atlético Nacional won its fifteenth title after beating Junior in the finals, thus surpassing Millonarios as the club with the most championships.

Cortuluá
Cortuluá, officially named Cortuluá Fútbol Club S. A. and previously known as Corporación Club Deportivo Tuluá for short, was a Colombian football club from Tuluá, Valle del Cauca Department. It was founded in 1967 and last played in Categoría Primera B, the second-tier competition of Colombian football.

In the 2001 Categoría Primera A season the team had its most successful campaign after winning the Apertura tournament, which granted them a spot in the 2002 Copa Libertadores.
Fire discipline
Fire discipline is a system of communication in the military, primarily for directing artillery.  By definition, fire discipline is the language of fire control. It consists of words, phrases, rules, and conventions which have specific meanings and which result in some definite action being taken with the guns. All ranks concerned in fire control must be thoroughly familiar with the language and the resulting actions.  The aim of fire discipline is to ensure that in response to calls for fire (from a forward observer), the appropriate action is taken at the FPC (future planning cell), FSCC (fire support coordination center), FDC (fire direction center) and at the Guns/MRL, strictly in accordance with the intentions of the originator and with the minimum of delay.

Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is an integrated system of components that assists a gunner in executing tasks needed to achieve accurate firing by means of full or semi automation. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.
2010 Alamo Bowl (December)
The 2010 Valero Alamo Bowl game was the 18th edition of the annual college football bowl game known previously as the Alamo Bowl. It was played on December 29, 2010 (9:15 p.m. ET) between the Oklahoma State Cowboys and the Arizona Wildcats. ESPN television broadcast the game.

Alamo Bowl
The Alamo Bowl is a college football post-season bowl game featuring NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) teams, played annually since 1993 in the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. Traditionally, the Alamo Bowl has been played in late December, although it has been contested in early January three times. The bowl has had tie-ins with several athletic conferences, most recently the Big 12 Conference and Pac-12 Conference. Since 2007, the game has been sponsored by Valero Energy Corporation and is officially known as the Valero Alamo Bowl.
Çınaraltı, Ömerli
Çınaraltı (Kurdish: Rissîn) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ömerli, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Omerkan tribe and had a population of 1,142 in 2021.

Ömerli, Mardin
Ömerli (Arabic: معسرتي; Kurdish: Masertê; Syriac: ܡܥܨܪܬܗ, romanized: Maʿsarteh) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 458 km2, and its population is 13,740 (2022). The town is mostly populated by Kurds of the Bilikan tribe and Mhallamis. Other groups in the town include Kurds from other tribes, Arabs, few Syriacs and Georgians, and civil servants of Turkish roots. It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.