hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karen Duff
Karen Elizabeth Keitley Duff (born 1965) is a British scientist known for her work on Alzheimer's disease. Her most notable work focused on the development and characterization of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease amyloid deposition. She became Centre Director of the UK Dementia Research Institute's hub at University College London in spring 2020.

She was educated at the University of East Anglia (BSc, 1987) and completed her PhD at Queens' College, Cambridge in 1991. At Cambridge she was a student of Sydney Brenner's department. She was awarded the Potamkin Prize in 2006, together with Karen Ashe and Bradley Hyman. She was formerly Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology at Columbia University. In 2020, she was awarded the British Neuroscience Association Award for Outstanding Contribution to Neuroscience. She was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2022.

She has an h-index of 96 according to Google Scholar.

Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner CH FRS FMedSci MAE (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.
Storskog
Storskog (lit. 'Big Forest') is a border crossing station on the Norwegian side of the Norway–Russia border, along the European route E105 highway. The crossing is located in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark County on the Norwegian side of the border.

The Russian side is in Boris Gleb in Pechengsky District in Murmansk Oblast. There is a border crossing station on the Russian side also, and both have to be passed to enter the opposite country. There is a duty-free shop in Russia between the stations.

Storskog is the only legal land border crossing between Norway and Russia. The station lies in the far northeastern part of Norway, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of the town of Kirkenes in Norway and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Nikel.

Nikel
Nikel (Russian: Ни́кель, lit. 'nickel'; Skolt Sami: Koolâsjokk, Norwegian: Nikkel, Finnish: Nikkeli, formerly Kolosjoki) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Kuetsyarvi 196 kilometers (122 mi) northwest of Murmansk and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from the Norwegian border on E105. Population: 12,756 (2010 Census); 16,534 (2002 Census); 21,838 (1989 Soviet census); 18,000 (1973).
Sarv-e Abarkuh
The Cypress of Abarkuh (Persian: سرو ابرکوه Sarv-e Abarkuh), also called the Zoroastrian Sarv, is a Persian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) tree in Abarkuh in Yazd Province of Iran. It is protected by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran as a national natural monument and is a major tourist attraction with a height of 25 metres (82 ft 0 in) and with a perimeter of 11.5 metres (37 ft 9 in) at its trunk and 18 metres (59 ft 1 in) higher up around its branches. It is estimated to be over four millennia old and is likely the oldest living lifeform in Asia.

According to legend, the tree was planted by Zoroaster, the founder of the Zoroastrian religion. It is said that Zoroaster left to spread his teachings to an Iranian city towards Balkh and met Shah Vishtaspa. He stopped at Abarkuh and supposedly planted this tree.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Arahiwi
Arahiwi is a rural area of New Zealand approximately 6 km west of Mamaku and 25 km from Rotorua. The Rotorua Branch is a disused railway line that ran through Arahiwi to connect Putāruru and Rotorua, before closing in 2001. Arahiwi Station opened in 1863 and closed in 1960.

Putāruru
Putāruru is a small town in the South Waikato District and the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It lies on the western side of the Mamaku Ranges and in the upper basin of the Waihou River. It is on the Oraka Stream 65 kilometres south-east of Hamilton. State Highway 1 and the Kinleith Branch railway run through the town.
Inception/Nostalgia
Inception/Nostalgia is a 1970 compilation album of previously unreleased songs recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966. This double album contains a mixture of both self-penned songs and covers. The first LP in the set is titled Inception while the second LP is titled Nostalgia, hence the album title. Supposedly intended as a follow-up to the three volumes of Rare, Precious and Beautiful this set was first issued by Karussell in Germany and by Triumph in France, both being Polydor budget labels and therefore linked to their licensing deal with Festival Records. The Gibb brothers were unaware of its release until Maurice saw one during a skiing holiday in Switzerland. It did not remain in print for long but it was released by Polydor in Japan in 1972 as Inception and Nostalgia and a number of single disc releases with a varying selection of these songs appeared on a number of compilations across the world over the next few years.

Rare, Precious and Beautiful
Rare, Precious and Beautiful is the compilation released by the Bee Gees in 1967 on Polydor Records; in Germany, the compilation was released on Karussell and Forum Records. All of the songs on this album were originally released on the group's 1966 album Spicks and Specks. It was also issued in 1968 by Atco Records as catalogue number SD 33-264 in electronically rechanneled simulated stereo.

The release was followed by a Volume 2 and Volume 3.
Semantic analysis (compilers)
Semantic analysis or context sensitive analysis is a process in compiler construction, usually after parsing, to gather necessary semantic information from the source code. It usually includes type checking, or makes sure a variable is declared before use which is impossible to describe in the extended Backus–Naur form and thus not easily detected during parsing.

Extended Backus–Naur form
In computer science, extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar.  EBNF is used to make a formal description of a formal language such as a computer programming language. They are extensions of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF) metasyntax notation. The earliest EBNF was developed by Niklaus Wirth, incorporating some of the concepts (with a different syntax and notation) from Wirth syntax notation. Today, many variants of EBNF are in use. The International Organization for Standardization adopted an EBNF Standard, ISO/IEC 14977, in 1996. According to Zaytsev, however, this standard "only ended up adding yet another three dialects to the chaos" and, after noting its lack of success, also notes that the ISO EBNF is not even used in all ISO standards.

This article uses EBNF as specified by the ISO for examples applying to all EBNFs. Other EBNF variants use somewhat different syntactic conventions.
Fort Street (constituency)
Fort Street is one of the 35 constituencies in the Eastern District, Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Eastern District Council, with an election every four years.

Fort Street constituency is loosely based on the area of Fort Street in North Point with estimated population of 16,157.

North Point
North Point is a mixed-use urban area in the Eastern District of Hong Kong. Located in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island, the area is named after a cape between Causeway Bay and Tsat Tsz Mui that projects towards Kowloon Bay.
Siu yeh
Siu yeh (Chinese: 宵夜; Jyutping: siu1 je2; Cantonese Yale: sīu yé; pinyin: xiāoyè), also called Night-time snack/meal, Night snack/meal, Mid-night snack/meal, Late-night snack/meal, or Xiao ye, is a late night meal in the food culture of southern China. It is particularly associated with the cuisine of Hong Kong. It comes after dinner and is similar to supper; siu yeh is usually served in individual portions. For people working late night shifts, siu yeh is also associated with their post-midnight meals.

Hong Kong cuisine
Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, European cuisines (especially British cuisine) and non-Cantonese Chinese cuisines (especially Hakka, Teochew, Hokkien and Shanghainese), as well as Japanese, Korean and Southeast Asian cuisines, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and a long history of being an international port of commerce. Complex combinations and international gourmet expertise have given Hong Kong the labels of "Gourmet Paradise" and "World's Fair of Food".
Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre
The Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre (Polish: Gdański Teatr Szekspirowski) is a Shakespearean theatre in Gdańsk, Poland. It is built on the site of a 17th-century theatre, known as the Fencing School, where English travelling players performed works of English Renaissance theatre. The leading figure in the project to construct the new theatre is Jerzy Limon, a founder of the Gdańsk Shakespeare Festival.

It was built by architect Renato Rizzi in the light of Limon's research which suggests that the Fencing School was modelled on the Fortune Playhouse in London. Though not an attempt at an exact reproduction, the new theatre combines elements from the design of these earlier theatres with modern technology. It opened in September 2014.

St. Dominic's Fair
St. Dominic's Fair (Polish: Jarmark św. Dominika), is an annual cultural and trade event organized between July and August in the port city of Gdańsk, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. It was founded in 1260 and together with Weihnachtmarkt and Oktoberfest, it is considered one of the biggest cultural and trade open-air events in Europe attended by 5-8 million national and international visitors annually.

In the past, the fair usually lasted for two weeks but since 2004, a decision was made to extend it to three weeks.
Iselsberg Pass
The Iselsberg Pass, at 1,209 m (3,967 ft), is a high mountain pass in the Austrian Alps between the states of Tyrol and Carinthia. It separates the mountains of the Kreuzeck group in the south from the Schober group in the north, both parts of the Hohe Tauern range.

The pass road connects Lienz in East Tyrol with Winklern in the Carinthian Möll valley. A bridle path across the Iselsberg was already built in Roman times, to reach the mines in the Möll valley from Aguntum. The village of Iselsberg is located about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southwest of the summit.

High Tauern
The High Tauern (pl.; German: Hohe Tauern, Italian: Alti Tauri) are a mountain range on the main chain of the Central Eastern Alps, comprising the highest peaks east of the Brenner Pass. The crest forms the southern border of the Austrian states of Salzburg, Carinthia and East Tyrol, with a small part in the southwest belongs to the Italian province of South Tyrol. The range includes Austria's highest mountain, the Grossglockner at 3,798 metres (12,461 ft) above the Adriatic.

In the east, the range is adjoined by the Lower Tauern. For the etymology of the name, see Tauern.
1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection
A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1996 at the end of Boutros Boutros-Ghali's first term. Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term and received the support of 14 of the 15 members of the United Nations Security Council. However, the United States vetoed his re-selection and eventually forced him to withdraw his candidacy.

The open selection then deadlocked as France vetoed all candidates from English-speaking countries, while the United States vetoed all candidates from French-speaking countries. France eventually changed its veto to an abstention, and Kofi Annan of Ghana was selected Secretary-General for a term beginning 1 January 1997.  The 1996 selection marks the only time that a sitting Secretary-General was denied a second term.

United Nations secretary-general selection
United Nations secretary-general selection is the process of selecting the next secretary-general of the United Nations. To be selected as secretary-general, a candidate must receive the votes of at least nine members of the United Nations Security Council, with no vetoes from permanent members. The secretary-general is then appointed by a majority vote of the United Nations General Assembly.

Although the process is informally called an election, the United Nations refers to it as the "procedure of selecting and appointing the next United Nations secretary-general." Since the General Assembly has never refused to appoint the person recommended by the Security Council, it can be said that the selection of the Security Council determines the next secretary-general of the United Nations.
Massachusetts Provincial Congress
The Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774–1780) was a provisional government created in the Province of Massachusetts Bay early in the American Revolution. Based on the terms of the colonial charter, it exercised de facto control over the rebellious portions of the province, and after the British withdrawal from Boston in March 1776, the entire province. When Massachusetts Bay declared its independence in 1776, the Congress continued to govern under this arrangement for several years. Increasing calls for constitutional change led to a failed proposal for a constitution produced by the Congress in 1778, and then a successful constitutional convention that produced a constitution for the state in 1780. The Provincial Congress came to an end with elections in October 1780.

Committees of correspondence
The committees of correspondence were a collection of American political organizations that sought to coordinate opposition to British Parliament and, later, support for American independence during the American Revolution. The brainchild of Samuel Adams, a Patriot from Boston, the committees sought to establish, through the writing of letters, an underground network of communication among Patriot leaders in the Thirteen Colonies. The committees were instrumental in setting up the First Continental Congress, which convened in Philadelphia in September and October 1774.
Grzybowa Góra
Grzybowa Góra [ɡʐɨˈbɔva ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skarżysko Kościelne, within Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Skarżysko Kościelne, 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Skarżysko-Kamienna, and 38 km (24 mi) northeast of the regional capital Kielce. The name literally translates as: "Mushroom Mountain".

Skarżysko Kościelne
Skarżysko Kościelne [skarˈʐɨskɔ kɔˈɕt͡ɕɛlnɛ] ⓘ is a village in Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district of Gmina Skarżysko Kościelne. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Skarżysko-Kamienna and 36 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.

One of the village's landmarks is the Holy Trinity Church, erected between 1637 and 1643 (pictured).

Within the Kingdom of Poland, Skarżysko Kościelne was a private church village, administratively located in the Radom County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province.
Thurles Townparks
Thurles Townparks is a townland of a little less than 365 acres in Thurles civil parish in County Tipperary.

The River Suir flows through the centre of the townland, with the older part of Thurles town on both banks. However, by the 1840s, the built-up area of the town had spread beyond the borders of the townland into the neighbouring townlands of Garryvicleheen and Stradavoher.

Thurles
Thurles (/ˈtɜːrləs/; Durlas Éile) is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of the same name in the barony of Eliogarty and in the ecclesiastical parish of Thurles. The cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly is located in the town.

The birthplace of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), Thurles is the third largest town in the county, with a population of 8,185 at the 2022 census.
Jérôme Peignot
Jérôme Georges André Peignot (French: [ʒeʁom pɛɲo]; 10 June 1926 – 19 July 2025) was a French novelist, poet, pamphleteer, and an expert in typography. The author of some thirty books, he was awarded the Prix Sainte-Beuve, took part in publishing the writings of Laure (his aunt Colette Peignot), as well as a major anthology on "Typoésie". He was the grandson of Georges Peignot, typographer and director of the foundry G. Peignot et Fils. Peignot was also known for having launched the concept of acousmatic sound in the 1960s. His mother was soprano singer Suzanne Peignot. Jérôme Peignot died on 19 July 2025, at the age of 99.

Georges Peignot
Georges Louis Jean Baptiste Peignot (French: [ʒɔʁʒ pɛɲo]; 24 June 1872, Paris – 28 September 1915, Givenchy-en-Gohelle) was a French type designer, type founder, and businessman who managed the G. Peignot & Fils foundry until his death in combat during World War I. The father of four children (including poet Colette Peignot, under her alias Laure), under his leadership the G. Peignot & Fils foundry became one of the most well-known and remarkable French typography houses of the twentieth century (an "elite house", according to a former French Prime Minister): over 17 years, he created or launched several prestigious fonts, including Grasset, Cochin, and Garamont.
2020 in the Philippines
2020 in the Philippines details events of note that have occurred in the Philippines in 2020.

This year is largely defined by COVID-19 pandemic that caused of the national economic recession and continued until the state of public health emergency was lifted in the country on July 21, 2023.

Lord Allan Velasco
Lord Allan Jay Quinto Velasco (born November 9, 1977) is a Filipino politician and lawyer who served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives from October 12, 2020 to June 2022. He was concurrently serving as the Representative of Marinduque's lone district from 2010 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2025. He previously served as the Marinduque chapter president of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and Marinduque provincial administrator under Governor Jose Antonio Carrion.
Daiyō kangoku
Daiyō kangoku (代用監獄) is a Japanese legal term meaning "substitute prison".  Daiyō kangoku are detention cells found in police stations which are used as legal substitutes for detention centers, or prisons.  The practical difference lies in the supervision of daiyō kangoku by the police forces responsible for investigations, whereas detention centers are supervised by a professional corps of prison guards who are not involved in the investigative processes.

Daiyō kangoku came about to solve a shortage of prison cells in Japan in 1908.  The practice has continued and has significant political support.  It has been controversial, however, because of its role in eliciting confessions from criminal suspects, especially foreigners who do not have access to translators or lawyers.

Penal Code of Japan
The Penal Code (刑法, Keihō) is a Japanese law that sets out general provisions concerning crimes, as well as the elements and punishments for the various offenses. It is a foundational statute of Japanese law and one of Japan’s Six Codes. To distinguish it from the general term keihō it may also be referred to as Keihōten (刑法典).

It was promulgated on April 24, 1907 and came into force on October 1, 1908. The competent government agencies are the Criminal Affairs Division and the Director of the Legislative Affairs Division within the Criminal Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Justice.

The current Penal Code consists of two parts: Part I, General Provisions (Articles 1–72), and Part II, Crimes (Articles 73–264). However, not all penal provisions are contained within the Penal Code. Many crimes are defined instead in special criminal acts (刑事特別法, keiji tokubetsuhō) or special criminal laws (特別刑法, tokubetsu keihō).
Juan Edmunds Rapahango
Juan Edmunds Rapahango (1923 – August 20, 2012) was a Rapa Nui politician, the former Mayor of Hanga Roa, the municipality of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in Chilean Polynesia. He is the son of Henry Percy Edmunds, director of the Williamson-Balfour Company, and Victoria Rapahango, an important native respondent for early ethnologists visiting the island. He is the father of the former mayor Pedro Pablo Edmunds Paoa. As mayor, Edmunds Rapahango promoted tourism to the island and helped to develop the island's infrastructure. He collaborated closely with William Mulloy and supported the American archaeologist's restoration projects. Edmunds Rapahango saw that Rapa Nui archaeology would play an important role the future of the island's economy.

Hanga Roa
Hanga Roa (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈ(x)aŋɡa ˈroa]; Rapa Nui: Haŋa Roa [ˈhaŋa ˈɾoa] ⓘ, long bay or wide bay) is the main town, harbour, and seat of Easter Island, a municipality of Chile. It is located in the southern part of the island's west coast, in the lowlands between the extinct volcanoes of Terevaka and Rano Kau.
Underground music in Iraq
Underground music in Iraq refers to the alternative and often subversive music scene that has grown and evolved in Iraq since the early 2000s. Despite numerous societal and governmental challenges, this underground scenehas been a platform for a generation of Iraqi musicians to express their artistic vision and often controversial ideas. The music genres within the Iraqi underground scene are diverse, ranging from hard rock, hardcore and punk rock to Hip-hop to electronic music, among others.

Narcy (rapper)
Yassin Alsalman, (Arabic: ياسين السلمان), better known by his stage name Narcy (formerly The Narcicyst), is an Iraqi-Canadian rapper, author, university instructor and actor. He currently resides in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is the founder of Wearethemedium and the co-founder of Montreal’s Old Port cultural hub Maktaba Bookshop, alongside Sundus Abdul-Hadi.
American Music Awards of 2025
The 51st Annual American Music Awards were held on May 26, 2025, at the BleuLive Theater at the Fontainebleau Las Vegas. This was the first award ceremony to broadcast on CBS, and stream on Paramount+. Jennifer Lopez hosted for the second time following the 2015 ceremony.

Nominations were announced on April 2025; Kendrick Lamar led with ten. Billie Eilish was the most awarded artist, winning all seven of her nominations. Janet Jackson was honored with the Icon Award, Rod Stewart with the Lifetime Achievement Award, and Zac Brown with the inaugural Veterans Voice Award.

American Music Awards
The American Music Awards (AMAs) is an annual American music awards show produced by Dick Clark Productions since 1974. Nominees are selected on commercial performance such as sales and airplay. Winners are determined by a poll of the public who vote through the AMAs website.

The event originally aired on ABC after the network's contract to air the Grammy Awards expired. After the 2022 ceremony, when ABC's rights to broadcast the ceremony expired, the American Music Awards were put on hiatus. In March 2024, it was announced that the AMAs would move to CBS as part of a deal with its rights to broadcast the now DCP-owned Golden Globe Awards. The event remained on hiatus for 2024, with CBS airing a 50th anniversary special in October 6, ahead of a 2025 return, which was held on May 26, and hosted by Jennifer Lopez.