hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–1983)
The Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was an autonomous region that existed in southern Sudan between 1972 and 1983. It was established on 28 February 1972 by the Addis Ababa Agreement which ended the First Sudanese Civil War. The region was abolished on 5 June 1983 by the administration of Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry. Revocation of southern autonomy was one of the causes of the Second Sudanese Civil War which would continue until January 2005, when southern autonomy was restored; the region became the independent Republic of South Sudan in 2011.

First Sudanese Civil War
The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was fought from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region which demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The war was divided into four major stages: initial guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Anyanya insurgency, political strife within the government, and establishment of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement. Around a million people died over the course of the nearly 17-year long war.

Although the Addis Ababa Agreement ended the war in 1972, it failed to completely dispel the tensions and addressed only some of the issues stated by southern Sudan. The breakdown of the initial appeasement later led to a reigniting of the north–south conflict during the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2005.
SC 1880 Frankfurt
The Sport-Club Frankfurt 1880 e.V. (or SC 1880 Frankfurt) is a German sports club from Frankfurt am Main. The club is mainly known for its rugby union team, which currently plays in the Rugby-Bundesliga, the highest level of the league system for rugby union in Germany. Apart from rugby, the club hosts other sports such as athletics, curling, field hockey, lacrosse, and tennis.

The club is one of four professional rugby clubs in Germany. The turn to professionalism in a sport otherwise fully amateur in Germany was made possible through the support of Uli Byszio, who owns a gold- and silver trading business. The club became an amateur side once more after the 2012–13 season.

Germany national rugby union team
The Germany national rugby union team currently plays at the second level of European rugby but is yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup. The national team first played in 1927, with rugby union in Germany being administered by the German Rugby Federation (Deutscher Rugby-Verband).

Germany competes in the Trophy Division, the second tier of the Rugby Europe International Championships, the senior men's rugby tournament for European nations below the Six Nations.

Germany's greatest achievement in men's rugby is arguably the silver medal won at the 1900 Olympic Games.

Germany's declared aim was originally to qualify for the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England, but then lowered this ambition to the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan, for which it also failed to qualify. The national side is ranked 30th in the world (as of 26 April 2021).
Jetfire
Jetfire is the name of several fictional characters from the Transformers franchise. He is almost always depicted as an Autobot with flight capabilities and a jet or Space Shuttle as an alternate mode. In some continuities, he is a former Decepticon.

Tomy
Tomy Company, Ltd. (株式会社タカラトミー, Kabushikigaisha Takara Tomī) (trading as Takara Tomy in Asia and Tomy elsewhere) is a Japanese toy company. It was established in 1924 by Eiichirō Tomiyama as Tomiyama Toy Manufacturing Company (富山玩具製作所), became known for creating popular toys like the B-29  friction toy and luck-based game Pop-up Pirate. In 2006, Tomy merged with another toy manufacturer, Takara, and although the English company name remained the same, it became Takara Tomy in Asia. It has its headquarters in Katsushika, Tokyo.
Fernelius (crater)
Fernelius is a lunar impact crater located in the southern highlands just to the north of the walled plain Stöfler. It was named after 16th century French astronomer Jean Fernel. The crater Kaiser is located next to the northwest rim of Fernelius. To the north-northwest are the craters Nonius and Walther. Southeast of Fernelius is the crater cluster of Miller, Nasireddin, Huggins, and Orontius.

In the past the floor of Fernelius has been resurfaced, leaving a relatively flat, featureless surface with no central peaks. The crater rim has been heavily worn and indented by impacts, the most prominent being Fernelius A which intrudes into the western rim.

Walther (crater)
Walther is an ancient lunar impact crater located in the southern highland region of the Moon. It is joined along the western rim to the crater Deslandres. To the northeast is Aliacensis, and joined to the southeast rim is the irregular Nonius.
Front Line Care
The Front Line Care report was a Prime Minister's independent commission on the future of nursing and midwifery in England. It was published in 2010, followed by the UK Government's response in 2011. It was the first overarching governmental review of nursing and midwifery since the Briggs Report was published in 1972.

Royal College of Nursing
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is a registered trade union and professional body in the United Kingdom for those in the profession of nursing. It was founded in 1916 as the College of Nursing, receiving its royal charter in 1928. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron until her death in 2022, King Charles III continued the royal connection and became patron in 2024. The majority of members are registered nurses; however student nurses and healthcare assistants are also members. There is also a category of membership, at a reduced cost, for retired people.

The RCN describes its mission as representing nurses and nursing, promoting excellence in practice and shaping health policies. It has a network of stewards, safety representatives and union learning representatives as well as advice services for members. Services include a main library in London, and regional libraries. The RCN Institute provides courses for nurses.
Primator (train)
The Primator was an international express train.  Introduced in 1986, it ran between Prague, then the capital of Czechoslovakia, and East Berlin, then the capital of the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

Following the major political changes that took place in Central Europe in the second half of 1989, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic, East Berlin was absorbed by Berlin and the GDR by Germany.

In 1993, under the influence of all of these changes, the Primator was replaced by a new EuroCity train, the Porta Bohemica.

EuroCity
EuroCity (EC) is an international train category and brand for European inter-city trains that cross international borders and meet criteria covering comfort, speed, food service, and cleanliness. Each EC train is operated by more than one European Union or Swiss rail company, under a multilateral co-operative arrangement, and all EC trains link important European cities with each other.

The EuroCity label replaced the older Trans Europ Express (TEE) name for border-crossing trains in Europe. Whereas TEE services were first-class only, EuroCity trains convey first- and second-class coaches.
Picosecond ultrasonics
Picosecond ultrasonics is a type of ultrasonics that uses ultra-high frequency ultrasound generated by ultrashort light pulses. It is a non-destructive technique in which picosecond acoustic pulses penetrate into thin films or nanostructures to reveal internal features such as film thickness as well as cracks, delaminations and voids. It can also be used to probe liquids.  The technique is also referred to as picosecond laser ultrasonics or laser picosecond acoustics.

Anisotropy
Anisotropy (/ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi, ˌænɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanical properties when measured along different axes, e.g. absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, and tensile strength.

An example of anisotropy is light coming through a polarizer. Another is wood, which is easier to split along its grain than across it because of the directional non-uniformity of the grain (the grain is the same in one direction, not all directions).
Brazil women's national under-19 volleyball team
The Brazil women's national under-18 volleyball team represents Brazil in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches under the age 18 and it is ruled by the Brazilian Volleyball Federation that is a member of South American volleyball body Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

Brazilian Volleyball Confederation
The Brazilian Volleyball Confederation (Portuguese: Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol, CBV) is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Brazil. Formed in 1954, its headquarters are in Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro. The CBV is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the South American Volleyball Confederation (CSV) and it is affiliated to the Brazilian Olympic Committee. It organizes both the men's and women's Brazilian Volleyball Superleague, which are the top level's volleyball competition in Brazil, and also organizes the Salonpas Cup, which is an international women's club cup competition played annually in Brazil. The organization also administrates the Brazil men's national volleyball team and the Brazil women's national volleyball team.
Framework region
In molecular biology, a framework region is a subdivision of the variable region (Fab) of the antibody. The variable region is composed of seven amino acid regions, four of which are framework regions and three of which are hypervariable regions.  The framework region makes up about 85% of the variable region. Located on the tips of the Y-shaped molecule, the framework regions are responsible for acting as a scaffold for the  complementarity determining regions (CDR), also referred to as hypervariable regions, of the Fab. These CDRs are in direct contact with the antigen and are involved in binding antigen, while the framework regions support the binding of the CDR to the antigen and aid in maintaining the overall structure of the four variable domains on the antibody. To increase its stability, the framework region has less variability in its amino acid sequences compared to the CDR.

Somatic hypermutation
Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a cellular mechanism by which the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements that confront it (e.g. microbes). A major component of the process of affinity maturation, SHM diversifies B cell receptors used to recognize foreign elements (antigens) and allows the immune system to adapt its response to new threats during the lifetime of an organism. Somatic hypermutation involves a programmed process of mutation affecting the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes. Unlike germline mutation, SHM affects only an organism's individual immune cells, and the mutations are not transmitted to the organism's offspring. Because this mechanism is merely selective and not precisely targeted, somatic hypermutation has been strongly implicated in the development of B-cell lymphomas and many other cancers.
Allen Correctional Center
not to be confused with the Allen Correctional Institution, Lima, Ohio

Allen Correctional Center is a state prison in Allen Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is operated by the Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections. The Louisiana Department of Corrections built the prison, which opened in December 1990, for $27 million.

Allen Parish, Louisiana
Allen Parish (French: Paroisse d'Allen) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,750. The parish seat is Oberlin and the largest city is Oakdale. Allen Parish is in southwestern Louisiana, southwest of Alexandria.

Allen Parish is named for former Confederate States Army general and Governor of Louisiana Henry Watkins Allen. It was separated in 1912 from the larger Calcasieu Parish to the southwest.
Leptochilus cantoniensis
Leptochilus cantoniensis is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae. It is endemic to China.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.
2003 Dubai World Cup
The 2003 Dubai World Cup was a horse race held at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse on Saturday 29 March 2003. It was the 8th running of the Dubai World Cup.

The winner was Godolphin's Moon Ballad, a four-year-old chestnut horse trained in Dubai by Saeed bin Suroor and ridden by Frankie Dettori. Moon Ballad's's victory was the second in the race for Dettori, the fourth for bin Suroor and the third for Godolphin.

Moon Ballad was originally trained in England by David Loder before being transferred to Saeed bin Suroor's stable in 2002. As a three-year-old he won the Dante Stakes and the Select Stakes as well as finishing third in the Epsom Derby and second in the Champion Stakes. He prepared for the World Cup by winning the second round of the Al Maktoum Challenge in February. In the 2003 Dubai World Cup he started the 11/4 second favourite and won by five lengths from the American challenger Harlan's Holiday with the 11/8 favourite Nayef a length away in third place.

Dubai World Cup
The Dubai World Cup (Arabic: كأس دبي العالمي) is a Thoroughbred horse race held annually since 1996 and contested at the Meydan Racecourse in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The race is operated by Emirates Racing Authority (ERA) and carries a purse of US$12 million.
Shibnibas
Shibnibas is a village located in Krishnaganj subdivision of Nadia district in West Bengal, India. It belongs to the Presidency division and is situated 21 km to the east of the district headquarters, Krishnanagar, Nadia. It is located 3 km away from Krishnaganj and is situated 113 km away from the state capital, Kolkata. Shibnibas is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is locate don the bank of Churni River.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
Kickers Offenbach II
Kickers Offenbach II, is a reserve team of German association football club Kickers Offenbach.

The team, which during the times the senior side played in professional football, played as Kickers Offenbach Amateure, has on occasion played as high as the Hessenliga, the highest league in the state of Hesse.

Verbandsliga Hessen-Süd
The Verbandsliga Hessen-Süd, until 2008 named Landesliga Hessen-Süd, is currently the sixth tier of the German football league system.  Before the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994, the "Verbandsliga Hessen-S" served as the fourth tier of the German league system in the southern part of the state of Hesse. The league also served as the fifth tier of the league system before the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008
London County Council elections
The London County Council was elected every three years in peacetime from 1889 until 1961.

1889 London County Council election

1892 London County Council election

1895 London County Council election

1898 London County Council election

1901 London County Council election

1904 London County Council election

1907 London County Council election

1910 London County Council election

1913 London County Council election

1919 London County Council election

1922 London County Council election

1925 London County Council election

1928 London County Council election

1931 London County Council election

1934 London County Council election

1937 London County Council election

1946 London County Council election

1949 London County Council election

1952 London County Council election

1955 London County Council election

1958 London County Council election

1961 London County Council election

1928 London County Council election
An election to the County Council of London took place on 8 March 1928. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having two votes in the two-member seats. The Labour Party made slight gains at the expense of the Municipal Reform Party, which nonetheless retained a substantial majority.
Springfield (horse)
Springfield (1873–1898) was a successful English Thoroughbred racehorse that won 14 consecutive races and was a useful sire of the late 19th century. He was the grandsire of two English Triple Crown winners: Galtee More, who was exported to Russia, and later Germany and Rock Sand, who was exported to the U.S. and in turn was the grandsire of Man o' War, widely considered one of the greatest racehorses of all time.

He was a bay colt foaled in 1873 at Bushy Park Paddocks at Hampton Court.  Springfield was sired by the St. Leger Stakes winner St. Albans, his dam was Queen Victoria's Viridis by Marsyas (who won the July Cup, and later sired The Derby winner George Frederick). He was sold as a yearling and purchased by J.H. Houldsworth for 320 guineas. Springfield was line-bred to Sultan in the fourth and fifth generation of his pedigree (5m x 4f).

Galtee More
Galtee More (1894-30 January 1917) was an Irish-bred, British-trained  Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1896 to 1897 he ran thirteen times and won eleven  races. As a three-year-old in 1897 he became the seventh horse to win the English Triple Crown by winning the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket, the Derby at Epsom and the St Leger at Doncaster. At the end of the season he was sold to the Russian government and went on to have a successful stud career in Russia and Germany. He died following an accident in 1917.
Majed Osman
Majed Sobhi Osman (/ˈmɑːdʒɪd ɒzˈmɛn/ mah-jid oz-MEN; Arabic: ماجد صبحي عثمان, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: ['meːʒid ʕos'meːn]; born 9 June 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Lebanese Premier League club Ansar. Born in England, he plays for the Lebanon national team.

After playing in the lower divisions of English and American football, Osman joined Safa in Lebanese Premier League in summer 2019. Following the cancellation of the 2019–20 season, Osman moved to Jordan at Al-Ramtha in February 2020, helping them to a third-place finish in his first season. He returned to Lebanon in summer 2021, signing for reigning champions Ansar, before moving to Indonesia where he played for Dewa United and Persik Kediri.

2021 Jordanian Pro League
The 2021 Jordanian Pro League (known as The Jordanian Pro League),   was the 69th season of Jordanian Pro League since its inception in 1944. The season started on 8 April and finished on 4 November 2021,  Al-Ramtha won the title for the 3rd time after the first two titles in 1981 and 1982 .

Al-Wehdat are the defending champions of the 2020 season. Al-Baqa'a and Al-Jalil joined as the promoted clubs from the 2020 Jordan League Division 1. They replaced Al-Sareeh and Al-Ahli who were relegated to the 2021 Jordan League Division 1.
Laurdan
Laurdan is an organic compound which is used as a fluorescent dye when applied to fluorescence microscopy. It is used to investigate membrane qualities of the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes. One of its most important characteristics is its sensitivity to membrane phase transitions as well as other alterations to membrane fluidity such as the penetration of water.

Emission spectrum
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photons is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances.
Moralism
Moralism is a philosophy that arose in the 19th century that concerns itself with imbuing society with a certain set of morals, usually traditional behaviour, but also "justice, freedom, and equality". It has strongly affected North American and British culture, concerning private issues such as the family unit and sexuality, as well as issues that carry over into the public square, such as the temperance movement.

The term has been used in a pejorative sense to describe the attitude of "being overly concerned with making moral judgments or being illiberal in the judgments one makes".

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
Live in Antwerp
Live in Antwerp is a live album by German rock band Kadavar, released on 6 June 2014 by Nuclear Blast. It was their first live album and fourth album overall. The record featured live versions of 11 tracks that originally appeared on the studio albums Kadavar and Abra Kadavar, performed and recorded at various live shows in Antwerp, Belgium.

Kadavar (album)
Kadavar is the debut studio album by German rock band Kadavar, released on 10 July 2012 by This Charming Man Records/Tee Pee Records. The album consists of six songs, all composed by the band, including the lengthy "Purple Sage", plus bonus track "Living in Your Head".