hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islam in Ukraine
Islam in Ukraine is a minority religious affiliation with Muslims representing between 1% and 2% of the total population. The religion has a long history in Ukraine dating back to Berke Khan of the Ulug Ulus (Golden Horde) in the 13th century and the establishment of the Crimean Khanate in the 15th century.

Bilohirsk
Bilohirsk (until 1944 – Karasubazar, Ukrainian: Білогірськ; Russian: Белогорск, romanized: Belogorsk, Crimean Tatar: Qarasuvbazar/Къарасувбазар) is a city and the administrative centre of Bilohirsk Raion, one of the raions (districts) of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which is recognised by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine, but is occupied by Russia. Population: 16,354 (2014 Census).
Sudan Library
The Sudan Library is a section of the library of the University of Khartoum. It serves as the national library of Sudan, and is also a university research library.

It is a depository of all Sudanese publications since a legal deposit act came into effect in 1966. The library also collects works of Sudanese authors and works about Sudan published abroad. Its catalogue represents a retrospective national bibliography. In 2018, the library was one of the first to contribute to the Sudan Memory Project.

The library sustained heavy damage during the Sudanese civil war.

National bibliography
A national bibliography is a systematic bibliography of acquisitions of a national library. Most countries either have a national bibliography or are in the process of compiling one. Some countries that do not have a national bibliography of their own participate in larger, regional bibliographies, such as the Arab Bulletin of Publications, the CARICOM Bibliography, Bibliografía Actual del Caribe, Boletin Bibliografico, or the South Pacific Bibliography.
Oriental College, Lahore
The Oriental College is an institution of oriental studies in Lahore.
It is located next to Government College University, Lahore.

It was founded by Adi Brahmo Samaj preacher Pundit Navin Chandra Rai in 1876. He served as its vice principal from 1861. Aurel Stein, the noted Hungarian-British archaeologist, was principal from 1888 to 1899.

Government College University, Lahore
The Government College University (colloquially known as GCU; Punjabi, Urdu: گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی) is a public research university in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Founded as Government College, Lahore, in 1864 under British administration, it became a university in 2002.
Coeleumenes
Coeleumenes is an indomalayan genus of potter wasps. The following species are classified under this genus:

Coeleumenes burmanicus (Bingham, 1897)

Coeleumenes impavidus (Bingham, 1897)

Coeleumenes indianus (Saussure, 1855)

Coeleumenes multicolor (Giordani Soika, 1935)

Coeleumenes ruficrus Vecht, 1963

Coeleumenes rufopetiolatus (Wickward, 1908)

Coeleumenes rusticanus Selis, 2024

Coeleumenes secundus (Dalla Torre, 1889)

Coeleumenes thoracicus (Sonan, 1939)

Coeleumenes timorensis Vecht, 1963

Coeleumenes vindex (Smith, 1859)

Potter wasp
Potter wasps (or mason wasps), the Eumeninae, are a cosmopolitan wasp group currently considered a subfamily of Vespidae, but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family, Eumenidae.

Mud dauber wasps, which also build their nests with mud, are in the families Sphecidae and Crabronidae and not discussed here.
Mitchell S. Jackson
Mitchell S. Jackson is an American writer. He is the author of the 2013 novel The Residue Years, as well as Oversoul (2012), an ebook collection of essays and short stories. Jackson is a Whiting Award recipient and a former winner of the Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence. In 2021, while an assistant professor of creative writing at the University of Chicago, he won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Magazine Award for Feature Writing for his profile of Ahmaud Arbery for Runner's World. As of 2021, Jackson is the John O. Whiteman Dean's Distinguished Professor in the Department of English at Arizona State University.

He has also been the recipient of fellowships from TED and the Lannan Foundation. Jackson is also a public speaker and documentarian.

Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing
The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. It has been awarded since 1979 for a distinguished example of feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality.

Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
River Bend (Illinois)
The River Bend is a small region in western central Illinois and southern Illinois that comprises parts of Madison County and Jersey County.  The name comes from a section of the Mississippi River that flows roughly west to east instead of the usual north to south, causing a bend in the river.  The area is within the Metro East region, which is within the Greater St. Louis Metropolitan area.

The western boundary is dictated by the flow of the Mississippi river, beginning at the confluence of the Illinois and ending at the confluence of the Missouri. The eastern boundary stretches through a contiguous urbanized area revolving around the cities of Alton and Wood River.

Central Illinois
Central Illinois is a region of the U.S. state of Illinois that consists of the entire central third of the state, divided from north to south. Also known as the Heart of Illinois, it is characterized by small towns and mid-sized cities. Agriculture, particularly corn and soybeans, as well as educational institutions and manufacturing centers, figure prominently.

A total of 45 counties are typically considered to be within Central Illinois, with a population of 1,874,635 as of the 2020 U.S. census. Major cities include Peoria, Springfield (the state capital), Decatur, Quincy, Champaign–Urbana, Bloomington–Normal, Galesburg, and Danville.
Roberto Canessa
Roberto Jorge Canessa Urta (born 17 January 1953) is a Uruguayan paediatric cardiologist, motivational speaker, and former rugby player. He is one of the sixteen survivors of the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crash in the Andes mountains on 13 October 1972. He was portrayed by Josh Hamilton in the 1993 feature film Alive and by Argentine actor Matías Recalt in the 2023 Spanish feature film Society of the Snow.

Piers Paul Read
Piers Paul Read FRSL (born 7 March 1941) is a British novelist, historian and biographer. He was first noted in 1974 for a book of reportage, Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, later adapted as a feature film and a documentary. Read was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he studied history.

Among his most popular works are the novels The Professor's Daughter, A Married Man, and A Season in the West. In addition to his written works, Read is also a dramatist and television scriptwriter. In recent years, he has produced a number of authorized biographies and popular history books which are intended for a general audience. Read has worked and lived in both the United Kingdom and the United States, where he published many of his recent works. Read was awarded the Sir Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Junkers, the Hawthornden Prize and Somerset Maugham Award for Monk Dawson, the Thomas More Medal for Alive, and the Enid McLeod Award for The Free Frenchman.
Baron d'Holbach
Paul Thiry, Baron d'Holbach (/ˈdoʊlbɑːk/; French: [dɔlbak]; 8 December 1723 – 21 January 1789), known as d'Holbach, was a Franco-German philosopher, encyclopedist and writer, who was a prominent figure in the French Enlightenment. He was born in Edesheim, near Landau in the Rhenish Palatinate, but lived and worked mainly in Paris, where he kept a salon. He helped in the dissemination of "Protestant and especially German thought", particularly in the field of the sciences, but was known more for his atheism and voluminous writings against religion, famously including The System of Nature (1770) and The Universal Morality (1776).

Encyclopédistes
The Encyclopédistes (French: [ɑ̃siklɔpedist]) (also known in British English as Encyclopaedists, or in U.S. English as Encyclopedists) were contributors to the Encyclopédie, the first encyclopedia with signed contributions from numerous collaborators. The Encyclopédie (1751-72) was edited by Jean-Paul De Gua de Malves from 1746 to 1747, co-edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert from 1747 to 1758, and edited by Diderot alone through 1772.
Dali Chasma
The Dali and Diana Chasma system consist of deep troughs that extend for 7,400 kilometers (4,600 mi) and are very distinct features on Venus. Those chasma connect the Ovda Regio and Thetis Regio highlands with the large volcanoes at Atla Regio and thus are considered to be the "Scorpion Tail" of Aphrodite Terra. The broad, curving scarp resembles some of Earth's subduction zones where crustal plates are pushed over each other. The radar-bright surface at the highest elevation along the scarp is similar to surfaces in other elevated regions where some metallic mineral such as pyrite (fool's gold) may occur on the surface.

These features are named for the Georgian goddess Dali and the Roman goddess Diana, respectively.

Ovda Regio
Ovda Regio is a Venusian crustal plateau located near the equator in the western highland region of Aphrodite Terra that stretches from 10°N to 15°S and 50°E to 110°E. Known as the largest crustal plateau in Venus, the regio covers an area of approximately 15,000,000 square kilometres (5,800,000 sq mi) and is bounded by regional plains to the north, Salus Tessera to the west, Thetis Regio to the east, and Kuanja as well as Ix Chel chasmata to the south. The crustal plateau serves as a place to hold the localized tessera terrains in the planet, which makes up roughly 8% of Venus' surface area. The kinematic evolution of crustal plateaus on Venus has been a debated topic in the planetary science community. Understanding its complex evolution is expected to contribute to a better knowledge of the geodynamic history of Venus. It is named after a Marijian forest spirit that can appear as both male and female.
Government of Jacksonville
The government of Jacksonville is organized under the city charter and provides for a "strong" mayor–council system. The most notable feature of the government in Jacksonville, Florida, is that it is consolidated with Duval County, which the jurisdictions agreed to in the 1968 Jacksonville Consolidation.

The Mayor of Jacksonville is elected to four-year terms and serves as the head of the government's executive branch. The Jacksonville City Council comprises nineteen members, fourteen representing single-member electoral districts of roughly equal population, and five elected for at-large seats from super districts. The mayor oversees most city departments, though some are independent or quasi-independent. Law enforcement is provided by the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office, headed by an elected sheriff, public schools are overseen by Duval County Public Schools, and several services are provided by largely independent authorities.

Jacksonville City Council
The Jacksonville City Council is the legislative governing body of the city of Jacksonville, Florida and of Duval County, with which the City of Jacksonville consolidated in 1968. The council meets in its chambers at Jacksonville City Hall, 117 W. Duval St. Under Florida's government transparency laws, all official council business must be conducted in meetings open to the public.
Aspergillus levisporus
Aspergillus levisporus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Aspergillus section. The species was first described in 2017. It has been isolated from a bedroom in the United States. It has been reported to produce auroglaucin, dihydroauroglaucin, echinulins, flavoglaucin, isoechinulins, neoechinulins, and tetrahydroauroglaucin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Elmer Stricklett
Elmer Griffin Stricklett (August 29, 1876 – June 7, 1964) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox and Brooklyn Superbas from 1904 through 1907. Including his time in minor league baseball, Stricklett pitched professionally from 1897 through 1912.

Stricklett is considered one of the pioneers of the spitball. He learned the pitch while playing in the minor leagues. He later taught the spitball to Ed Walsh and Jack Chesbro, both of whom were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Sacramento Solons
The Sacramento Solons were a Minor League Baseball team based in Sacramento, California. They played in the Pacific Coast League during several periods (1903, 1905, 1909–1914, 1918–1960, 1974–1976). The current Sacramento River Cats began play in 2000.
Amar Desh
Amar Desh (Bengali: আমার দেশ, lit. 'My country'; listenⓘ) is a newspaper based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Amar Desh provides news about Bangladesh from local and regional perspectives and covers international news. Amar Desh is considered as a popular newspaper in Bangladesh. The newspaper was closed down in 2010 and again in 2013 by the Awami League administration. After the fall of Sheikh Hasina's government, the newspaper was relaunched on 22 December 2024.

The Awami League government twice closed down the newspaper, and both times its censorship occurred in conjunction with the arrests of editor Mahmudur Rahman. On 1 June 2010, the editor was arrested, and the government shut the newspaper down for 10 days. On 11 April 2013, he was arrested again for publishing the Skype conversations between Mohammed Nizamul Huq, the lead justice of Bangladesh's war crimes trials, and Ahmed Ziauddin, and the suppression of the newspaper was continued by the Awami League government.

NTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)
NTV (Bengali: এনটিভি), styled in lower case as ntv, an acronym of less commonly used National Television, is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language satellite and cable television channel based in the BSEC Building in Karwan Bazar, Dhaka. It was launched on 2 July 2003, and is one of Bangladesh's most popular television channels. NTV is owned by International Television Channel Limited, with Mosaddek Ali Falu, a businessman and former vice president of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, being the channel's chairman.
Development Commissioner for Handicrafts
The office of Development Commissioner for Handicrafts is the national agency which works for the development, promotion and export of Indian handicrafts. The agency comes under the administrative control of Ministry of Textiles, Government of India.

Crafts of India
Crafts of India include traditional styles such as Bidriware, Pembarthi Metal Craft, Dhokra, and Kamrupi.

Historically, Indian handicrafts, such as Kashmiri woollen carpets, Zari embroidered fabrics, terracotta and ceramic products and silk fabrics were exported to far off countries of Europe, Africa, West Asia and Far East via the Silk Route.
Ludovic Ajorque
Ludovic Ajorque (born 25 February 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for  Ligue 1 club Brest.

Developed at Angers, where he made only one Coupe de la Ligue appearance, he played for two years with Clermont in Ligue 2 before a €1.5 million move to Ligue 1 team Strasbourg in 2018. He played 149 times for Strasbourg, scoring 50 goals and winning the Coupe de la Ligue in 2019.

2018–19 Coupe de la Ligue
The 2018–19 Coupe de la Ligue was the 25th year for the league cup competition held in France. Forty-four clubs participated in the competition.

Strasbourg won their fourth Coupe de la Ligue title (their first in fourteen years) following a 4–1 win on penalties over Guingamp in the final.

Paris Saint-Germain were the five-time defending champions after winning the cup in the previous five seasons, but were eliminated in the quarter-finals after a 2–1 loss to Guingamp.
Al-Khalidiyah, Syria
Al-Khalidiyah (Arabic: الخالدية, also spelled Khaldiyeh) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, south of Hama. Nearby localities include Kafr Buhum to the southwest, Ayyubiyah to the south, Maarin al-Jabal to the southeast, al-Jinan to the east and Surayhin to the northeast. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Khalidiyah had a population of 4,740 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Maarin al-Jabal
Maarin al-Jabal (Arabic: معرين الجبل) is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maarin al-Jabal had a population of 3,710 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Imtiaz Ali 'Arshi'
Imtiaz Ali Arshi (8 December 1905 – 25 February 1981) was an Indian research scholar best known as an authority on the works of Mirza Ghalib. He published works on Ghalib, Maktiba-e-Ghalib (1937), Intikhab-e-Ghalib (1943), culminating in his edition of Ghalib's Diwan titled Nuskha-e-Arshi published in 1958. Arshi was awarded the 1961 Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Urdu for the Diwan.

Nuskha-Arshi is cited by Urdu scholar Gopi Chand Narang as the most comprehensive early attempt to publish Ghalib's ghazals in a chronological fashion, allowing for a study of the evolution in the poet's themes and techniques, though there were mistakes in the chronology. According to Narang, Arshi's Diwan was the main source for the study of Ghalib's work until a more complete and chronologically correct Diwan'-e-Raza was published by Kalidas Gupta Riza in 1995.

Gopi Chand Narang
Gopi Chand Narang (11 February 1931 – 15 June 2022) was an Indian theorist, literary critic, and scholar who wrote in Urdu and English. His Urdu literary criticism incorporated a range of modern theoretical frameworks including stylistics, structuralism, post-structuralism, and Eastern poetics.
Hālaulani station
Hālaulani station (also known as Leeward Community College station) is a Skyline metro station in Pearl City, Hawaiʻi, serving the Leeward Community College campus. The station is located alongside Ala ʻIke Street and can be accessed from a building on the college campus, with passengers using a tunnel to travel under Ala ʻIke Street and the eastbound track. It is the only station on the system not built on elevated tracks. It opened on June 30, 2023.

In Hawaiian, "hālaulani" means "heavenly hālau, chief’s house, name of a star" and is the name of the ʻili (ahupuaʻa division) in which it is located. The Hawaiian Station Name Working Group proposed Hawaiian names for the nine rail stations on the ʻEwa end of the rail system (stations west of and including Aloha Stadium) in November 2017, and HART adopted the proposed names on February 22, 2018.

Pearl City, Hawaii
Pearl City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the ʻEwa District and City & County of Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 45,295. Pearl City sits along the north shore of Pearl Harbor. Waimalu borders Pearl City to the east and Waipahu borders the west. The U.S. postal code for Pearl City is 96782.
Little Colorado River
The Little Colorado River (Hopi: Paayu) is a tributary of the Colorado River in the U.S. state of Arizona, providing the principal drainage from the Painted Desert region. Together with its major tributary, the Puerco River, it drains an area of about 26,500 square miles (69,000 km2) in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico. Although it stretches almost 340 miles (550 km), only the headwaters and the lowermost reaches flow year-round. Between St. Johns and Cameron, most of the river is a wide, braided wash, only containing water after heavy snowmelt or flash flooding.

The lower 57.2 miles (92.1 km) is known as the Little Colorado River Gorge and forms one of the largest arms of the Grand Canyon, at over 3,000 feet (910 m) deep where it joins the Colorado near Desert View in Grand Canyon National Park. An overlook of the gorge is a Navajo Nation Tribal Park.

Painted Desert (Arizona)
The Painted Desert is a United States desert of badlands in the Four Corners area, running from near the east end of Grand Canyon National Park and southeast into Petrified Forest National Park. It is most easily accessed from the north portion of Petrified Forest National Park. The Painted Desert is known for its brilliant and varied colors: these include the more common red rock, but also shades of lavender.
Battle of Cottonwood
The Battle of Cottonwood was a series of engagements July 3–5, 1877, in the Nez Perce War between the Native American Nez Perce people, and U.S. Army soldiers and civilian volunteers. Near Cottonwood, Idaho Territory, the Nez Perce, led by Chief Joseph, brushed aside the soldiers and continued their 1,170 miles (1,880 km) fighting retreat to cross the Rocky Mountains in an attempt to reach safety in Canada.

Idaho Territory
The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho.
Chianina
The Chianina is an Italian breed of large white cattle. It was formerly principally a draught breed; it is now raised mainly for beef. It is the largest and one of the oldest cattle breeds in the world. The bistecca alla fiorentina is produced from its meat.

Metayage
The metayage system is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named fermage, whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. A farm operating under métayage was known as a métairie, the origin of some place names in areas where the system was used, such as Metairie, Louisiana.
Michael Day (cricketer)
Michael David Day (born 7 August 1974) is a former cricketer who played List A cricket for the ACT Comets in the Mercantile Mutual Cup.

His only List A appearance for the Comets came in the 1999/00 domestic season, against Queensland at Manuka Oval. The Comets won the toss and bowled first, with Day bowling eight overs of spin for 41 runs, as both Matthew Hayden and Jimmy Maher dominated with a 250 run opening stand. In the run chase he batted at nine and scored a quick 18, with one six, before being bowled by Andrew Symonds. Queensland won the match by 26 runs.

Day has also played in England's Liverpool and District league.

Jimmy Maher
James Patrick Maher (born 27 February 1974) is an Australian former cricketer, who played One Day Internationals. He is "an attractive left-handed batsman with a clumping cover-drive". He was a part of the Australian squad which won the 2003 Cricket World Cup.

Maher competed in the Gladiator Team Sports Challenge in 1995.