hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mucellium
The Battle of Mucellium was an engagement in 542 AD near Mugello, Italy, between Ostrogoths (Goths) and Byzantines during the Gothic War.

Byzantine forces advanced against the Goths, who had recently lifted the siege of Florence and camped in Mugello. Although the Byzantines outnumbered the Goths, Totila's forces routed the Byzantine detachment on a hillside, triggering panic that spread to the rest of the army leading to a complete collapse. The Goths captured prisoners, while the surviving Byzantine commanders fled to isolated strongholds. The lack of coordination by the remaining Byzantine forces allowed Totila to launch a successful campaign in southern Italy and eventually advance against Rome in 544.

John (nephew of Vitalian)
John (Latin: Ioannes, Greek: Ίωάννης, fl. 537–553), also known as John the Sanguinary, was the nephew of the rebel Vitalian and was an Eastern Roman general under Justinian I (r. 527–565), who was active in the Gothic War in Italy and against the Gepids in the western Balkans. He was married to Justina, the daughter of Justinian's cousin Germanus.
2017 PBA Commissioner's Cup
The 2017 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Commissioner's Cup, also known as the 2017 Oppo-PBA Commissioner's Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the second conference of the 2016–17 PBA season. The tournament allows teams to hire foreign players or imports with a height limit of 6'10".

The tournament had two breaks with no games scheduled for more than seven days: first during the All-Star Week (April 26 to 30) and second during the SEABA Championship (May 12 to 18).

PBA Commissioner's Cup
The PBA Commissioner's Cup is one of three active conferences in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). It is also one of two conferences, the other being the Governors' Cup which allows teams to hire a single foreign player, known as an "import". The Commissioner's Cup also refers to the trophy awarded to the champion team.

The first run of the Commissioner's Cup lasted from 1993 to 2002. In 2003, it was replaced by the returning Invitational Championship, and from 2004 to 2010, the Fiesta Conference was held as the lone import-laden conference. The conference was then reinstated 2011 when the league reverted back to a three-conference format.

The TNT Tropang 5G are the current defending Commissioner's Cup champions, winning the 2024–25 PBA Commissioner's Cup when they were known as the TNT Tropang Giga. The San Miguel Beermen have won the most Commissioner's Cup titles with five.
Sijua, Bokaro
Sijua is a Census town and Gram Panchayat in the Chandrapura CD Block in the Bermo subdivision of the Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India.
The Sijua Gram Panchayat consists of mainly SC & OBC Populations.

Bermo
For the town in North Wales, see Y BermoFor the commune of Niger see Bermo, Niger

Bermo is a census town in the Bermo CD block in the Bermo subdivision of the Bokaro district of the state of Jharkhand, India.
Christine Bruzek-Kohler
Rear Admiral Christine M. Bruzek-Kohler was the 21st Director of the United States Navy Nurse Corps, and served as the Commander Naval Medical Center San Diego and Navy Medicine West from May 2009 to August 2010. She officially retired from the Navy in December 2010.

Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) is a military award presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves with outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States.

Introduced in 1969, the MSM was long awarded as a decoration for peacetime achievement. Since 2004, it has also been bestowed in lieu of the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement in a designated combat theater. Normally, the acts or services rendered must be comparable to that required for the Legion of Merit but in a duty of lesser, though considerable, responsibility.

A higher award and decoration, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), is intended for similar services performed under joint duty within the United States Department of Defense, including the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, and joint task forces under their cognizance.
Adding Machine (musical)
Adding Machine is a musical with music by Joshua Schmidt, and book and lyrics by Schmidt and Jason Loewith. It is an adaptation of Elmer Rice's 1923 play of the same name.

The show opened in 2007 in Illinois before moving off-Broadway in 2008. The show was nominated for numerous Lucille Lortel and Drama Desk awards.

Lucille Lortel Awards
The Lucille Lortel Awards recognize excellence in New York Off-Broadway theatre. The Awards are named for Lucille Lortel, an actress and theater producer, and have been awarded since 1986. They are produced by the League of Off-Broadway Theatres and Producers by special arrangement with the Lucille Lortel Foundation, with additional support from the Theatre Development Fund.

Other awards for off-Broadway theatre (although not necessarily exclusive to off-Broadway theatre) include the Drama League Award, Outer Critics Circle Awards, Drama Desk Awards and the Obie Awards, as well as the Henry Hewes Design Awards presented by the American Theatre Wing.
Afala Island
Afala Island (Bulgarian: остров Афала, romanized: ostrov Afala, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ɐˈfaɫɐ]) is the rocky island off the north coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 360 m in west-southwest to east-northeast direction and 310 m in south–north direction.

The island is "named after the ocean fishing trawler Afala of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas that operated in Antarctic waters off South Georgia during its fishing trip under Captain Kosyo Kostov in the 1985/86 season. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry."

Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Island (historical names Leipzig Island, O'Cain's Island and Strachans Island) is an island 22 kilometres (12 nmi) long and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) wide, lying southwest of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name Nelson Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Eco-Nelson station is located on the island.
2025–26 Liga 4 East Java
2025–26 Liga 4 East Java (also known as 2025–26 Liga 4 Kapal Api East Java Governor's Cup for sponsorship reason) is the second edition of the Liga 4 East Java region for men's football, and served as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2025–26 Liga 4. The competition is organised by PSSI East Java provincial association.

Pasuruan Regency
Pasuruan Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦱꦸꦫꦸꦃꦲꦤ꧀) is a regency in East Java, a province of Indonesia. The capital of this regency is Bangil. The regency covers an area of 1,474.02 km2, and it had a population of 1,512,468 at the 2010 Census and 1,605,969 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,665,922 (comprising 831,105 males and 834,817 females).

These figures exclude the population of Pasuruan city, which lies geographically within this regency (except on the north side, where it faces onto the Madura Strait) but is administratively separate from it. There are moves underway to make Bangil the new administrative center of Pasuruan Regency, with some offices being transferred from Pasuruan city to Bangil.

The Dutch spelling of the name of the regency and of the city was 'Pasoeroean'.
Masteria
Masteria is a genus of curtain web spiders that was first described by L. Koch in 1873. They occur in the tropics of Central to South America, Asia and Micronesia, with one species found in Australia. M. petrunkevitchi males are 4 millimetres (0.16 in) long and females are 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long. M. lewisi, M. barona, and M. downeyi are slightly smaller and have only six eyes. Most species in the genus have six eyes, but two (Masteria caecia and Masteria pecki) have no eyes.

Dipluridae
The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly as funnel-web tarantulas, a name shared with other distantly related families) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) that move up and down in a stabbing motion. A number of genera, including that of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax), used to be classified in this family but have now been moved to Atracidae.
Dominic McGlinchey
Dominic McGlinchey (1954 – 10 February 1994) was an Irish republican paramilitary leader and chief of staff of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in the early 1980s. Known for his role in cross-border bombings and assassinations during the Troubles, he was nicknamed "Mad Dog" by the press. He was imprisoned multiple times and survived an assassination attempt before being shot dead in 1994. His legacy remains divisive, with portrayals in Irish fiction, music, and political commentary.

Lost Lives
Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles is a book that details the lives of people that died as a result of The Troubles in Northern Ireland. It was written by Brian Feeney, Seamus Kelters, David McKittrick, David McVea and Chris Thornton and published in 1999. The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 2019.

The book was written by the journalists Seamus Kelters of the BBC, David McKittrick of The Independent, and the Belfast journalists Brian Feeney and Chris Thornton.
Enrico Arrigoni
Enrico Arrigoni (pseudonym: Frank Brand) (February 20, 1894 Pozzuolo Martesana, Province of Milan – December 7, 1986 New York City) was an Italian American individualist anarchist, a lathe operator, house painter, bricklayer, dramatist and political activist influenced by the work of Max Stirner.

L'Adunata dei refrattari
L'Adunata dei refrattari (en: Call of the refractaires (unmanageable ones)) was an Italian American anarchist publication published between 1922 and 1971 in New York City. It was first edited by Osvaldo Maraviglia and later by Max Sartin (Raffaele Schiavina). It was illegally distributed in Italy during its fascist period. The theoretical line tended towards the tradition of Italian insurrectionary anti-organizationalism through the influence of Luigi Galleani who wrote for this publication. The editors of L' Adunata dei refrattari published a collection of Galleani's essays as a book called The End of Anarchism?.
National primary road
A national primary road (Irish: príomhbhóthar náisiúnta) is a road classification in Ireland. National primary roads form the major routes between the major urban centres. There are 2649 km of national primary roads. This category of road has the prefix "N" followed by one or two digits. Motorways are prefixed "M" followed by one or two digits.

Road signs in Ireland
Road signs in Ireland do not differ greatly from those used elsewhere in Europe – with the notable exception that hazard or warning signs follow the 'MUTCD' style of a yellow diamond shape. The symbols used on these warning signs do, nevertheless, resemble much more closely those used (on red-bordered white or yellow triangles) in the rest of Europe than many of those seen in the United States.

Regulatory signs differ very little from those used in the rest of Europe, the main exception being that red-bordered white signs indicate a restriction as opposed to a prohibition, which is instead indicated with an additional red diagonal line across the sign.

The system of directional signs is based upon, and is very similar to, that employed in the United Kingdom, but is bilingual everywhere except in the Gaeltacht, where only the Irish language is used on signs.
2010 United States Senate election in Iowa
The 2010 United States Senate election in Iowa was held on November 2, 2010, alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections in Iowa. The party primary elections were held on June 8, 2010. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Chuck Grassley won reelection to a sixth term. This was the first time since 1986 where the losing Democratic United States Senate nominee carried any of the counties in Iowa for this seat.

This was one of the five Republican-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Barack Obama won in the 2008 presidential election.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Basen Górniczy
Basen Górniczy (German: Groß Stein Bruch) is a part of the Szczecin City (German: Stettin), Poland, situated on the islands between the West Oder river and East Oder River (Regalica), south-east of the Szczecin Old Town, and west of Szczecin-Dąbie.

The area is part of the Port of Gdańsk, where dry bulk goods, liquid bulk goods, scrap, machinery, structures, steel products and unitized general cargo are transhipped.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
Domaszowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Domaszowice [dɔmaʂɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Masłów, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Masłów and 6 km (4 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Masłów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Masłów [ˈmaswuf] (officially Masłów Pierwszy, Masłów I) is a village in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Masłów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The local church contains a monumental Altar of Transfiguration of Jesus and also Stations of the Cross designed by Józef Gosławski.

There is also a sport airfield Kielce-Masłów Airport.
UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying Group I
Group I of UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying was one of the ten groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 2020 finals tournament. Group I consisted of six teams: Belgium, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Russia, San Marino and Scotland, where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.

The top two teams, Belgium and Russia, qualified directly for the finals. Unlike previous editions, the participants of the play-offs were not decided based on results from the qualifying group stage, but instead based on their performance in the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League.

Belgium won all ten of their matches, becoming the seventh national side to qualify for a European Championship with a 100% record, and the eighth instance, after France (1992 and 2004), Czech Republic (2000), Germany, Spain (both 2012), England (2016), and Italy (2020).

UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying
The UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying tournament was a football competition that was played from March 2019 to November 2020 to determine the 24 UEFA member men's national teams that advanced to the UEFA Euro 2020 final tournament, intended to be played across Europe in June and July 2020 before the tournament was delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The competition was linked with the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League, giving countries a secondary route to qualify for the final tournament. For the first time since 1976, no team automatically qualified for the UEFA European Championship as the host country.

The national teams of all 55 UEFA member associations entered the qualifying process, with Kosovo taking part for the first time. The group stage draw took place at the Convention Centre Dublin, Ireland, on 2 December 2018.
Brazilian cruzeiro
Brazilian cruzeiro refers to any of four distinct Brazilian currencies:

Brazilian cruzeiro (1942–1967), worth 1000 Brazilian réis.

Brazilian cruzeiro (1967–1986), denominated cruzeiro novo between 1967 and 1970 in the transition from the previous standard banknotes to the new banknotes issued by Casa da Moeda do Brasil to avoid confusion between the old and the new currency, worth 1000 old cruzeiros.

Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993), redenomination of cruzado novo stemming from the Plano Collor.

Brazilian cruzeiro real (1993–1994), currency with a view to facilitating accounting transactions in the transition between the 1990–1993 cruzeiro and real, necessary due to the difficulties of accounting values at the time due to inflation.

Brazilian cruzeiro real
The cruzeiro real (, plural: cruzeiros reais) was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code BRR.

This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines.

The cruzeiro real was replaced with the current Brazilian real as part of the Plano Real.
Avdhoot Tatkare
Avadhut Anil Tatkare (born 3 December 1978) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He served as the Member of Legislative Assembly for Shrivardhan from 2014 to 2019. Before entering state-level politics, he was elected President of the Roha-Ashtami Municipal Council for two consecutive terms between 2008 and 2015. He has been a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 2022.

2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election was held on 15 October 2014 to elect all 288 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. After a 63.38% turnout in the election as hung verdict has occurred with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shivsena (SHS) emerged as largest and second largest parties.
Clifton Antiquarian Club
The Clifton Antiquarian Club is an archaeological society founded in 1884 in Bristol to investigate antiquities in the surrounding areas of western England and southern Wales. The 28 years of research undertaken by the members and associates of the original society fill the first seven volumes of the Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club. The original club was dissolved in 1912, but it was resurrected in 2006. Four additional volumes of Proceedings have been published by the club in its current incarnation.

Portskewett
Portskewett (Welsh: Porthsgiwed or Porthysgewin) is a village and community (parish) in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. It is located four miles south west of Chepstow and one mile east of Caldicot, in an archaeologically sensitive part of the Caldicot Levels on the Welsh shore of the Severn Estuary. The Second Severn Crossing passes overhead carrying the M4 motorway. The community includes Sudbrook, Crick and Leechpool.
Chloroformic acid
Chloroformic acid is a chemical compound with the formula ClCO2H. It is the single acyl-halide derivative of carbonic acid (phosgene is the double acyl-halide derivative). Chloroformic acid is also structurally related to formic acid, in a way that the non-acidic hydrogen of formic acid is replaced by chlorine. Despite the similar name, it is very different from chloroform. It is described as unstable, decomposing into carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride.

Chloroformic acid itself is too unstable to be handled for chemical reactions. However, many esters of this carboxylic acid are stable and these chloroformates are important reagents in organic chemistry. They are used to prepare mixed carboxylic acid anhydrides used in peptide synthesis.
Important chloroformate esters include 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylchloride, benzyl chloroformate and ethyl chloroformate.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.
Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics
This is a glossary for the terminology often encountered in undergraduate quantum mechanics courses.

Cautions:

Different authors may have different definitions for the same term.

The discussions are restricted to Schrödinger picture and non-relativistic quantum mechanics.

Notation:
 - position eigenstate
 - wave function of the state of the system
 - total wave function of a system
 - wave function of a system (maybe a particle)
 - wave function of a particle in position representation, equal to

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler, known system. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known (e.g. the time-independent Schrödinger equation: ) and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian () representing a weak disturbance to the known system to the original Hamiltonian () of the known system (i.e. ). If the disturbance is small, the new energy levels and eigenstates of the perturbed system can be expressed as "corrections" to the known energy levels and eigenstates of the simpler system. These corrections can be made at progressively smaller orders of magnitude until an n-th order that is so small a correction that it is negligible to the accuracy of the approximation.
Mihara, Hiroshima
Mihara (三原市, Mihara-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2023, the city had an estimated population of 88,591 in 43253 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 258.14 square kilometres (99.67 sq mi).

San'yō Main Line
The San'yō Main Line (山陽本線, San'yō-honsen) is a major railway line owned by JR Group companies in western Japan, connecting Kōbe Station and Moji Station, largely paralleling the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, in other words, the southern coast of western Honshu. The San'yō Shinkansen line largely parallels its route. The name Sanyō derived from the ancient region and highway San'yōdō, the road on the sunny (south) side of the mountains.

The Sanyō Main Line is operated by two JR companies:

West Japan Railway Company (JR West)  JR Kobe Line, San'yō Line

Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) San'yō Line

The Wadamisaki Line, a short section of line in the length of 2.7 km (1.7 mi) between Hyōgo and Wadamisaki stations in Kobe is a branch of the Sanyō Main Line. A short section connecting Kitakyushu Freight Terminal also forms part of the Sanyō Main Line.