hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Misappropriation doctrine
The misappropriation doctrine is a U.S. legal theory conferring a "quasi-property right" on a person who invests "labor, skill, and money" to create an intangible asset. The right operates against another person (usually a competitor of the first person) "endeavoring to reap where it has not sown" by "misappropriating" the value of the asset (ordinarily by copying what the first person has created). The quoted language and the legal principle come from the decision of the United States Supreme Court in International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918), also known as INS v. AP or simply the INS case.

The misappropriation doctrine originated as federal common law but since 1938 it has been based on state law. The current viability of the misappropriation doctrine is uncertain because of subsequent developments in U.S. patent and copyright law that "preempt" state law that operates in the same field of law, as is explained in the article on INS v. AP.

Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that the United States does not have a general federal common law and that U.S. federal courts must apply state law, not federal law, to lawsuits between parties from different states that do not involve federal questions. In reaching this holding, the Court overturned almost a century of federal civil procedure case law, and established the foundation of the modern law of diversity jurisdiction.

Although the decision is not widely known among non-experts, most American lawyers and legal scholars regard Erie as one of the most important decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history. The decision "goes to the heart" of the American system of federalism and the relationship between the U.S. federal government and the states.
Hamide Doğangün
Hamide Kurt Doğangün (born Hamide Kurt, 25 December 1993) is a Turkish Paralympian athlete competing in the T53 disability class sprint events of 100m and 400m, T52/T53 class middle-distance event of 800m as well as T53/T54 class 4 × 400 m relay event.

T53 (classification)
T53 is  disability sport classification for disability athletics.  The class includes people with a number of different types of disabilities including spinal cord injuries.  People in this class have full use of their arms but have no or limited trunk function. Similar classifications are T51, T52, and T54.   People in this class have a functional upper limbs, but limited trunk usage and limited lower limb functionality.  During classification, they both undergo a bench test of muscle strength and demonstrate their skills in athletics.  People in this class include  Tanni Grey-Thompson (GBR), Samantha Kinghorn (GBR), Angie Ballard (AUS) and Richard Colman (AUS).
Cult of the Dead Cow
Cult of the Dead Cow, also known as cDc or cDc Communications, is a computer hacker and DIY media organization founded in 1984 in Lubbock, Texas. The group maintains a weblog on its site, also titled "[Cult of the Dead Cow]". New media are released first through the blog, which also features thoughts and opinions of the group's members.

Computer security conference
A computer security conference is a convention for individuals involved in computer security. They generally serve as meeting places for system and network administrators, hackers, and computer security experts. Common activities at hacker conventions may include:

Presentations from keynote speakers or panels. Common topics include social engineering, lockpicking, penetration testing, and hacking tools.

Hands-on activities and competitions such as capture the flag (CTF).

"Boot camps" offering training and certification in Information Technology.
Oregon's 11th Senate district
District 11 of the Oregon State Senate comprises parts of Marion County, including Keizer, Woodburn and much of Salem. It contains Oregon House districts 21 and 22. It is currently represented by Republican Kim Thatcher of Keizer.

Marion County, Oregon
Marion County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 345,920 at the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Salem, which is also the state capital of Oregon. The county was originally named the Champooick District, after Champoeg (earlier Champooick), a meeting place on the Willamette River. On September 3, 1849, the territorial legislature renamed it in honor of Francis Marion, a Continental Army general from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War. Marion County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.
Midland Railway 115 Class
The Midland Railway 115 Class was the third of four classes of 4-2-2 steam locomotive, nicknamed "Spinners", designed by Samuel Waite Johnson. A total of 15 of the class were built between 1896 and 1899. They were capable of reaching speeds of up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). One engine, No. 673, is preserved in the National Collection.

Rainhill trials
The Rainhill trials were a competition run from 6 to 14 October 1829 to test George Stephenson's argument that locomotives would have the best motive power for the nearly-completed Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR). Ten locomotives were entered, of which five were able to compete, running along a 1 mile (1.6 km) length of level track at Rainhill in Lancashire (now Merseyside).

Stephenson's Rocket was the only locomotive to complete the trials and was declared the winner. The directors of the L&MR accepted that locomotives should operate services on their new line, and George and Robert Stephenson were given the contract to produce locomotives for the railway.
The Petersburg Observer
The Petersburg Observer is a weekly newspaper based in Petersburg, Illinois founded in G. W. Cain and William Parks in 1878. Jane Cutright is the current editor. It is published every Wednesday. It has a circulation of 3,100 and is owned by the Petersburg Observer Corporation.

It has no public website.

Petersburg, Illinois
Petersburg is a city in and the county seat of Menard County, Illinois, United States, on the bluffs and part of the floodplain overlooking the Sangamon River. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area. The population was 2,258 at the 2020 census, nearly unchanged from 2010. Petersburg is located approximately 2 miles (3 km) north of New Salem, the original location where Abraham Lincoln first settled, as he started his career.
Ballyhoo!
Ballyhoo! is an American reggae rock and punk band from Aberdeen, Maryland. The group has sold over 30,000 copies of its five albums and more than 200,000 digital tracks.

Ballyhoo! played the House of Marley Stage on the Warped Tour of 2012. The band has opened up for bands 311, Dirty Heads, Tribal Seeds, and  Slightly Stoopid on previous tours. The group played over 166 shows in 2012.

Slightly Stoopid
Slightly Stoopid is an American rock band based in the Ocean Beach neighborhood of San Diego, California, who describe their music as "a fusion of folk, rock, reggae and blues with hip-hop, funk, metal and punk." As a band, they have released 13 albums (four live). The band was originally signed by Bradley Nowell from the band Sublime to his label Skunk Records while still in high school.
Jeff Masterman
Jeff Masterman is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for the Eastern Suburbs.

Originally from Kurri Kurri, New South Wales, Jeff Masterman made an immediate impact in his debut season at the Sydney Roosters in 1981, winning the Dally M Rookie of the year and the Dally M hooker of the year.  He also gained selection for the New South Wales rugby league team and the Australia – playing two test matches against France in 1981. He is listed on the Australian Rugby League Players Register as Kangaroo No.532. He played four seasons with the Sydney Roosters between 1981-1983 and 1985, before injuries ended his career prematurely. In 2010 he was named in Kurri Rugby League Club's team of the century.

Dally M Awards
The Dally M Awards are the official annual player awards for the National Rugby League competition. As well as honouring the player of the year, who received the Dally M Medal, awards are also given to the premier player in each position, the best coach, the best captain, representative player of the year and the most outstanding rookie of the season. The awards are named in honour of Australian former rugby league great Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger.
Fly100%
Lu Weiliang (Chinese: 陆维梁; pinyin: Lu Weiliang), who also goes by the pseudonym Fly100%, is a Chinese professional esports player of the real-time strategy game Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne. He previously been a member of Team Hacker, EHOME and Mousesports. He is considered one of the best Orc players. He had one of the longest playing careers of professional players of Warcraft III.

World Cyber Games
The World Cyber Games (WCG) is an international esports competition with multi-game titles in which hundreds of esports athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions also known as Esports Olympics. WCG events attempt to emulate a traditional sporting tournament, such as the Olympic Games; events included an official opening ceremony, and players from various countries competing for gold, silver, and bronze medals. WCG are held every year in cities around the world. The WCG 2020 competition received nearly 650 million views worldwide.
University of Orléans
The University of Orléans (French: Université d'Orléans) is a French university, in the Academy of Orléans and Tours. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association Leonardo da Vinci consolidated University.

Ivo of Kermartin
Ivo of Kermartin, TOSF (17 October 1253 – 19 May 1303), also known as Yvo, Yves, or Ives (and in Breton as Erwan, Iwan, Youenn or Eozenn, depending on the region, and known as Yves Hélory (also Helori or Heloury) in French), was a parish priest among the poor of Louannec, the only one of his station to be canonized in the Middle Ages. He is the patron of Brittany, lawyers, and abandoned children. His feast day is 19 May. Poetically, he is referred to as "advocate of the poor".
Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification
Twelve teams were scheduled to compete in the women's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics. In addition to France, the host nation, 11 women's national teams qualified from six separate continental confederations.

2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League A
The 2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League A was the top division of the 2023–24 edition of the UEFA Women's Nations League, the inaugural season of the international football competition involving the women's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. League A culminated with the Nations League Finals in February 2024 to determine the champions of the competition, and which two teams (in addition to hosts France) would qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics.  The results were also used to determine the leagues for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying competition.
1990 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1990 Special Honours in New Zealand were three special honours lists: the first was dated 6 February 1990 and made appointments to the Order of New Zealand and the Queen's Service Order; the second was dated 17 May 1990 made awards of the Polar Medal; and the third was dated 27 November 1990, to recognise the incoming governor-general, Dame Catherine Tizard.

Paul Reeves
Sir Paul Alfred Reeves ONZ GCMG GCVO  QSO KStJ (6 December 1932 – 14 August 2011) was a New Zealand clergyman who served as Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand from 1980 to 1985 and as the 15th governor-general of New Zealand from 1985 to 1990. He was the first governor-general of Māori descent. He also served as the third Chancellor of Auckland University of Technology, from 2005 until his death in 2011.
Olga Kifyak
Olga Kifyak (Ukrainian: Ольга Петровна Кіфяк, Russian: Ольга Петровна Кифяк, born 24 April 1984) is a Ukrainian ballet dancer, the 1-st soloist at the National Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after T.G. Shevchenko (since 2001). Merited Artist of Ukraine since 2012.

Serge Lifar
Serge Lifar (Ukrainian: Сергій Михайлович Лифар, romanized: Serhii Mykhailovych Lyfar; 20 March [O.S. 2 April] 1905  – 15 December 1986) was a Ukrainian dancer. Lifar was also a choreographer, director, writer, theoretician about dance, and collector.

As ballet master of the Paris Opera from 1930 to 1944, and from 1947 to 1958, he devoted himself to the restoration of the technical level of the Paris Opera Ballet, returning it to its place as one of the best companies in the world.
Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission
The Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) is Victoria's anti-corruption integrity agency with jurisdiction over the public sector. It does this by:

investigating serious corruption and police misconduct

informing the public sector, police and the community about the risks and impacts of corruption and police misconduct.

Supreme Court of Victoria
The Supreme Court of Victoria is the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria. Founded in 1852, it is a superior court of common law and equity, with unlimited and inherent jurisdiction within the state.

The Supreme Court comprises two divisions: the Trial Division, which oversees its original jurisdiction, and the Court of Appeal, which deals with its appellate jurisdiction, and is frequently referred to as a court in its own right. Although the Supreme Court is theoretically vested with unlimited jurisdiction, it generally only hears, at trial, criminal cases in instances of murder, manslaughter or treason, and civil cases where the statement of claim is in excess of the Magistrates' Court limit of $100,000.

The court hears appeals from the County Court, as well as limited appeals from the Magistrates' Court. Decisions of the Supreme Court are appealable to the High Court of Australia.

The building itself is on the Victorian Heritage Register.
Devil's Film
Devil's Film is an American independent pornographic film studio, based in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California. Launched in 1997, the studio continues to specialize in swinger and gang bang oriented gonzo pornography and niche product centered on such popular fetishes as interracial pornography, transsexual pornography, and MILF pornography.

Gonzo pornography
Gonzo pornography is a style of pornographic film that attempts to place the viewer directly into the scene. Jamie Gillis is considered to have started the gonzo pornography genre with his On the Prowl series of films.

The name is a reference to gonzo journalism, in which the reporter is part of the event taking place. By comparison, gonzo pornography puts the camera right into the action, often with one or more of the participants filming and performing sexual acts, without the usual separation between camera and performers seen in conventional porn and cinema.

Gonzo porn is influenced by amateur pornography, and it tends to use far fewer full-body/wide shots in favor of more close-ups and heavy use of wider angle lenses (see: reality pornography). The loose and direct camera work often includes tight shots of the genitalia, unlike some traditional porn.
Soft tissue pathology
Soft tissue pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the soft tissues, such as muscle, adipose tissue, tendons, fascia, and connective tissues. Many malignancies of the soft tissues are challenging for the pathologist to diagnose through gross examination and microscopy alone, and additional tools such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular pathology techniques are sometimes employed to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

Gross processing
Gross processing, "grossing" or "gross pathology" is the process by which pathology specimens undergo examination with the bare eye to obtain diagnostic information, as well as cutting and tissue sampling in order to prepare material for subsequent microscopic examination.
Froissart Overture (Elgar)
Froissart, Op. 19, is a concert overture by Edward Elgar, inspired by the 14th-century Chronicles of Jean Froissart. Elgar was first attracted to the Chronicles after finding mention of them in Walter Scott's Old Mortality.

William Henry Reed
William Henry Reed MVO (29 July 1875 – 2 July 1942; his birth year is often given in error as 1876) was an English violinist, teacher, composer, conductor and biographer of Edward Elgar.  He was leader of the London Symphony Orchestra for 23 years (1912–1935), but is best known for his long personal friendship with Elgar (1910–1934) and his book Elgar As I Knew Him (1936), in which he goes into great detail about the genesis of the Violin Concerto in B minor.

The book also provides a large number of Elgar's sketches for his unfinished Third Symphony, which proved invaluable sixty years later when Anthony Payne elaborated and essentially completed the work, although Reed wrote that in his view the symphony could not be completed.

His name appears in various forms: William Henry Reed, W. H. Reed, W. H. "Billy" Reed, Billy Reed and Willie Reed.  He was known to his friends as Billy.
2021 Gibraltar Darts Trophy
The 2021 Gibraltar Darts Trophy was the second PDC European Tour event on the 2021 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at Europa Sports Park, Gibraltar from 24 to 26 September 2021. It featured a field of 48 players and £140,000 in prize money, with £25,000 going to the winner.

Krzysztof Ratajski was the defending champion after defeating Dave Chisnall 8–2 in the 2019 final, with the 2020 edition being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He lost in the quarter-finals to Mensur Suljović.

Gerwyn Price won his fifth European Tour title, the second in a row after his Hungarian Darts Trophy win, defeating Suljović 8–0 in the final.

2021 PDC Pro Tour
The 2021 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Players Championships and European Tour events are the events that make up the Pro Tour. There were 32 PDC Pro Tour events held, 30 Players Championships and 2 European Tour events, and in a change to previous years, the Challenge and Development Tours were split with 12 UK and European editions each.
2019 New Orleans Bowl
The 2019 New Orleans Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 21, 2019, with kickoff at 9:00 p.m. EST (8:00 p.m. local CST) on ESPN. It was the 19th edition of the New Orleans Bowl, and one of the 2019–20 bowl games concluding the 2019 FBS football season. Sponsored by freight shipping company R+L Carriers, the game was officially known as the R+L Carriers New Orleans Bowl.

New Orleans Bowl
The New Orleans Bowl is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 2001. It is normally held at Caesars Superdome in New Orleans; when the Superdome and the rest of the city suffered damage due to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the game was temporarily moved to Cajun Field in Lafayette, Louisiana, and given the name New Orleans Bowl at Lafayette.
2006 Winnipeg municipal election
The 2006 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 25, 2006, to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Sam Katz was re-elected Mayor of Winnipeg over left-leaning challenger Marianne Cerilli.

1992 Winnipeg municipal election
The 1992 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 28, 1992 to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg.

Susan Thompson defeated Greg Selinger in the mayoral contest.
Euophrys frontalis
Euophrys frontalis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Euophrys. It has a wide distribution across the Palearctic region, from Europe and Turkey through Russia to the Far East, including China, Korea, and Japan.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Barwon Park
Barwon Park is a large nineteenth-century bluestone mansion and pastoral estate located outside of Winchelsea, in the Surf Coast Shire of Victoria, Australia. Constructed between 1869 and 1871 for prominent pastoralist Thomas Austin and his wife Elizabeth Austin, the house is regarded as one of the finest surviving examples of a Italianate rural mansion in Victoria's Western District. The infestation of European rabbits across Australia originated from Thomas Austin's decision to release a dozen of them into the wild for hunting purposes in 1859. Barwon Park is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and is owned and managed by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria), operating as a house museum open to the public.

Surf Coast Shire
The Surf Coast Shire is a local government area in the Barwon South West region of Victoria, Australia, located in the south-western part of the state. It covers an area of 1,553 square kilometres (600 mi2). It had a population of 32,251 in June 2018. It includes the coastal towns of Aireys Inlet, Anglesea, Lorne and Torquay and the inland towns of Moriac and Winchelsea.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Surf Coast Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Torquay. The Shire is named after its location on the popular surf coast of Victoria.
General Motors Motorama
The General Motors Motorama was an auto show staged by GM from 1949 to 1961. These automobile extravaganzas were designed to whet public appetite and boost automobile sales with displays of fancy concept cars and other special or halo models. Motorama grew out of Alfred P. Sloan's yearly industrial luncheons at New York City's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, beginning in 1931. They were almost invariably held in conjunction with the New York Auto Show, that for many years was held traditionally in the first week of January.

Cadillac Eldorado
The Cadillac Eldorado is a luxury car manufactured and marketed by the Cadillac Motor Car Division of General Motors from 1952 until 2002, over twelve generations.

The Eldorado was at or near the top of the Cadillac product line. The original 1953 Eldorado convertible and the Eldorado Brougham models of 1957–1960 had distinct bodyshells and were the most expensive models offered by Cadillac during those years. The Eldorado was never less than second in price after the Cadillac Series 75 limousine until 1966. Beginning in 1967, the Eldorado retained its premium position in the Cadillac price structure, but was manufactured in high volumes on a unique, two-door personal luxury car platform.

The Eldorado carried the Fleetwood designation from 1965 through 1972, and was seen as a modern revival of the pre-war Cadillac V-12 and Cadillac V-16 roadsters and convertibles.