hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subhash Bhowmick
Subhash Bhowmick (2 October 1950 – 22 January 2022) was an Indian football player and manager. During his playing career, he represented the "Big Two" of Kolkata football, East Bengal and Mohun Bagan. He also represented India in various international tournaments between 1970 and 1985.

He was popularly known as Bhombol in the football arena of the West Bengal. He also served as technical director of Mohun Bagan. Bhowmick was an honorary member of the Calcutta Cricket and Football Club.

2012–13 I-League
The 2012–13 I-League was the sixth season of the I-League, the Indian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 2007. The season began on 6 October 2012 and finished on 12 May 2013 with Churchill Brothers crowned champions in matchday 25.

Dempo were the defending champions, having won their third I-League title the previous season.

On 29 December 2012, Mohun Bagan were barred from competing in the I-League for 2 years following a decision taken by the I League core committee. This was because they failed to turn up in the second half of the match against East Bengal because of crowd trouble. All their results in the I-League were declared null and void and all their remaining fixtures were cancelled. 	
But on 15 January 2013, Mohun Bagan appealed the decision to ban them from the league and were reinstated, but would start on 0 points.
Carl Raymond Gray
Carl Raymond Gray (1867–1939) was an American railroad executive in the early 20th century. He was President of the Great Northern Railway (U.S.) from 1912 to 1914, and of the Western Maryland Railway from 1914 to 1919, and lastly of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1920 to 1937.

Great Northern Railway (U.S.)
The Great Northern Railway (reporting mark GN) was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century Canadian-American railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's route made it the northernmost transcontinental railroad in the U.S.

In 1970, the Great Northern Railway merged with three other railroads to form the Burlington Northern Railroad, which merged in 1996 with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.
Honda Gold Wing
The Honda Gold Wing is a series of touring motorcycles manufactured by Honda. Gold Wings feature shaft drive and a flat engine. Characterized by press in September 1974 as "The world's biggest motorcycle manufacturer's first attack on the over-750cc capacity market...", it was introduced at the Cologne Motorcycle Show in October 1974.

Keihin Corporation
Keihin is a Japanese automotive and motorcycle parts brand of Astemo. At the past times, Keihin was a major supplier to Honda, who owned nearly half of Keihin's shares, but also supplies other motorcycle manufacturers, among them Triumph, Suzuki, Kawasaki, KTM, Royal Enfield, and Harley-Davidson. In addition to carburetors, Keihin supplies the automotive industry with engine, transmission, and climate control products, including intake manifold assemblies, HVAC assemblies, compressors, valves, solenoids, and engine control units.
Abala (woreda)
Abala is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Abala is located at the base of the eastern escarpment of the Ethiopian Highlands, and bordered on the south by Megale, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Berhale, on the northeast by Afdera, and on the east by Erebti. The major town in Abala is Abala.

Afdera (woreda)
Afdera (Afar: Afxeera) is one of the woredas, in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the saline Lake Afdera, located in the southern part of the Afar Depression. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Afdera is bordered on the southwest by the Administrative Zone 4, on the west by Erebti and Abala, on the north by Berhale, on the northeast by Eritrea, and on the southeast by Administrative Zone 1. The largest town of this woreda is Afdera.
Reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War which began in 2014. The invasion caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with more than 8.2 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced. The invasion also caused global food shortages. Reactions to the invasion have varied considerably across a broad spectrum of concerns including public reaction, media responses, and peace efforts.

Russians in Ukraine
Russians constitute the country's largest ethnic minority in Ukraine. This community forms the largest single Russian community outside of Russia in the world. In the 2001 Ukrainian census, 8,334,100 identified themselves as ethnic Russians (17.3% of the population of Ukraine); this is the combined figure for persons originating from outside of Ukraine and the Ukrainian-born population declaring Russian ethnicity.
Craig Wiggins
Craig Wiggins (born 28 May 1999) is an Australian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team ARA Skip Capital. He previously competed for UCI Continental team St George Continental Cycling Team.

2022 Tour de Langkawi
The 2022 Tour de Langkawi (known as the Petronas Le Tour de Langkawi for sponsorship reasons) was a road cycling stage race that took place from 11 to 18 October 2022 in Malaysia. The race is a category 2.Pro-rated event as part of the 2022 UCI ProSeries, and is the 26th edition of the Tour de Langkawi. The race returned after a one-year hiatus, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, and is making its second appearance in the UCI ProSeries.

In late January, race organisers postponed the Tour de Langkawi, originally scheduled for 3–10 March, to 11–18 June, due to a surge in COVID-19 pandemic cases. It was postponed again, to mid-October, due to time conflicts with other cycling championships.

After the race, the UCI received complains from five teams of non-payments of appearance fees and flight tickets from the race organiser.
Air hammer (fabrication)
An air hammer, also known as an air chisel, is a pneumatic hand tool used to carve in stone, and to break or cut metal objects apart. It is designed to accept different tools depending on the required function.

Hand tool
A hand tool is any tool that is powered by hand rather than a motor. Categories of hand tools include wrenches, pliers, cutters, files, striking tools, struck or hammered tools, screwdrivers, vises, clamps, snips, hacksaws, drills, and knives.

Outdoor tools such as garden forks, pruning shears, and rakes are additional forms of hand tools. Portable power tools are not hand tools.
2014 Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The 2014 Trofeo Faip–Perrel was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Bergamo, Italy between 10 and 16 February 2014.

Trofeo Faip–Perrel
The Internazionali di Bergamo, known as the Trofeo Faip-Perrel, is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts at the ChorusLife Arena. It is part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. 
In 2025 after a year hiatus (when the event was moved to Rovereto), it came back to Bergamo as an upgraded Challenger 100. It was held annually at the PalaNorda di Bergamo - Palazzetto di Bergamo, in Bergamo, Italy from 2006 until 2022. It was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ in 2009.
FMW 5th Anniversary Show
The FMW 5th Anniversary Show was a professional wrestling event produced by Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). The event took place on May 5, 1994 at the Kawasaki Stadium in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. This was the fifth edition of the company's flagship event Anniversary Show, commemorating the fifth anniversary of the company. It was the third edition of the event to take place at Kawasaki Stadium and took place on May 5 for the second consecutive year. May 5 would become a significant date for FMW like January 4 was for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

The main event was an interpromotional no rope exploding barbed wire deathmatch between FMW's ace Atsushi Onita and WAR's Genichiro Tenryu. Tenryu delivered a Powerbomb to win the match. The match stipulated that Onita would be forced to retire if he lost but he revealed that the retirement stipulation would be for the 6th Anniversary Show, a year later, where he truly retired.

FMW Anniversary Show
The FMW Anniversary Show was the biggest annual professional wrestling supercard promoted by the Japanese hardcore wrestling promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) between 1990 and 2001 to celebrate the anniversary of the company. The ninth edition of the event was the first to be broadcast on pay-per-view.
Paris's 21st constituency (1988–2012)
Paris's 21st constituency was one of the 21 French National Assembly constituencies in the Paris department in the period 1988 to 2012.

It was created by the 1986 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which ended the proportional representation used in the 1986 election. The constituency covered three districts of the 20th arrondissement: Charonne, Saint-Fargeau and part of Père-Lachaise located to the south of a line defined by the axis of avenue Gambetta, rue de la Bidassoa and rue Villiers-de-L'Isle-Adam.

It was abolished in the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which reduced the number of constituencies in Paris to 18. Most of the area of the 1988-2012 21st constituency moved to the new fifteenth constituency, ceding part of the Père-Lachaise and Charonne districts respectively to the new sixth and eighth constituencies.

Paris's 6th constituency
The 6th constituency of Paris (French: Sixième circonscription de Paris) is a French legislative constituency in the department of Paris. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one member of the National Assembly using the two-round system. Its boundaries were heavily redrawn in 1988 and 2012. It was the constituency of Maurice Couve de Murville, who served as Prime Minister of France from 1968 to 1969 under President Charles de Gaulle. In the 2022 legislative election, Sophia Chikirou of La France Insoumise (LFI) was elected.
Ancient art
Ancient art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with different forms of writing, such as those of China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The art of pre-literate societies is normally referred to as prehistoric art and is not covered by the scope of the ancient era. Furthermore, although some pre-Columbian cultures developed writing in the centuries preceding the European discovery of the Americas, these advancements are, on grounds of dating, largely covered with the dedicated topic of pre-Columbian art and associated sub-topics, such as Maya art, Aztec art, and Olmec art.

Krater
A krater or crater (Ancient Greek: κρατήρ, romanized: kratḗr, lit. 'mixing vessel', IPA: [kraːtɛ̌ːr]; Latin: crater, IPA: [ˈkraːteːr]) was a large two-handled type of vase in Ancient Greek pottery and metalwork, mostly used for the mixing of wine with water.
That Sinking Feeling
That Sinking Feeling is a 1979 Scottish comedy film written and directed by Bill Forsyth, his first film as a director. The film is set in his home city of Glasgow (the Calton, Bridgeton and Parkhead areas) in Scotland. The young actors in film were members of the Glasgow Youth Theatre. The film also features Richard Demarco, the Edinburgh gallery owner, playing himself. The four main actors went on to feature in Forsyth's following film Gregory's Girl.

Bridgeton, Glasgow
Bridgeton (Scots: Brigtoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile na Drochaid) is a district to the east of Glasgow city centre. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is bounded by Glasgow Green to the west, Dalmarnock to the east and south, Calton to the north-west at Abercromby Street/London Road and Broad street  to the north-east.
Jefferson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania
Jefferson Township is a township that is located in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,355 at the time of the 2020 census, a little more than the 2,352 at the 2010 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Silvert Award
The Kalman H. Silvert Award was created in honor of the first president of the Latin American Studies Association. Given every 18 months, the Silvert Award "recognizes senior members of the profession who have made distinguished lifetime contributions to the study of Latin America."

Latin American Studies Association
The Latin American Studies Association (LASA) is the largest association for scholars of Latin American studies. Founded in 1966, it has over 12,000 members, 45 percent of whom reside outside the United States (36 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean), LASA brings together experts on Latin America from all disciplines and diverse occupational endeavors, across the globe.
2001–02 Thai League
The 2001-02 Thai Premier League consisted of 12 teams. The bottom three clubs would be relegated and three teams promoted from the Thailand Division 1 League.

Champions BEC Tero Sasana would enter edition the next edition of the AFC Champions League. The league was restructured, to be played between October 2001 and April 2002.

The league was also known as the GSM Thai League.

Super Power Samut Prakan F.C.
Super Power Samut Prakan Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลซุปเปอร์ พาวเวอร์ สมุทรปราการ) was a Thai defunct football club based in Samut Prakan province. This club last played in the Thai League 1.

The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007, the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup, and played its final group match against Singapore's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium. In 2007, the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor, M-150, and wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks.
Aladdin
Aladdin (/əˈlædɪn/ ə-LAD-in; Arabic: علاء الدين, romanized: ʻAlāʼu d-Dīn/ʻAlāʼ ad-Dīn, IPA: [ʕalaːʔ adˈdiːn], ATU 561, 'Aladdin') is a Middle-Eastern folk tale. It is one of the best-known tales associated with One Thousand and One Nights (often known in English as The Arabian Nights), despite not being part of the original text; it was added by the Frenchman Antoine Galland, based on a folk tale that he heard from the Syrian storyteller Hanna Diyab.

Aladdin (1958 film)
Aladdin is a 1958 American musical fantasy television film, with a book by S.J. Perelman and music and lyrics by Cole Porter, telecast in color on the DuPont Show of the Month by CBS.  It was Porter's last musical score. Columbia Records issued both monophonic and stereophonic recordings of the original TV cast: Cyril Ritchard, Dennis King, Basil Rathbone, Anna Maria Alberghetti, Geoffrey Holder (as the Genie), Sal Mineo (as Aladdin), and Una Merkel (as Aladdin's mother).

The musical was adapted for the stage premiering December 17, 1959, at the London Coliseum, starring Bob Monkhouse, Doretta Morrow, Ian Wallace, and Ronald Shiner, under the musical direction of Bobby Howell.  The London stage production expanded the score with several songs Cole Porter had originally penned for other productions.
Westringia brevifolia
Westringia brevifolia Benth., commonly referred to as Greater Shortleaf Westringia is member of the Lamiaceae (sometimes referred to as Labiatae) family, subfamily, Prosterantheroideae and one of four Westringia species native Tasmania, Australia. This evergreen shrub somewhat resembles rosemary and is similar in appearance to another Tasmanian species W. rigida, but can be distinguished by its shorter calyx lobes

Westringia
Westringia is a genus of Australian shrubs. As with other members of the mint family their upper petal (or lip) is divided into two lobes. There are four stamens - the upper two are fertile while the lower two are reduced to staminodes. The leaves are in whorls of 3 or 4.
Zheltau (Jambyl Region)
Zheltau (Kazakh: Желтау) is an elongated upland located in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan.

Mirny, a mining town in the Moiynkum District, lies at the southeastern end of the Zheltau. The area is a seasonal grazing ground for local cattle.

Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.
Knight's tour
A knight's tour is a sequence of moves of a knight on a chessboard such that the knight visits every square exactly once. If the knight ends on a square that is one knight's move from the beginning square (so that it could tour the board again immediately, following the same path), the tour is "closed", or "re-entrant"; otherwise, it is "open".

The knight's tour problem is the mathematical problem of finding a knight's tour. Creating a program to find a knight's tour is a common problem given to computer science students. Variations of the knight's tour problem involve chessboards of different sizes than the usual 8 × 8, as well as irregular (non-rectangular) boards.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Buddhism in Kazakhstan
Buddhism in Kazakhstan is a minority religion with historical presence since the 6th century. Ethnic groups such as the Kalmyks, Koreans and Mongols form the Buddhist population in the country.

According to the 2021 census, there are approximately 15,458 Buddhists in Kazakhstan, constituting less than 1% of the total population. This reflects a slight increase from the 2009 census, which reported 14,663 Buddhists.

During the period of the Western Turkic Khaganate (approximately 600–700 CE), which spanned across areas that are now part of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and other Central Asian regions, Buddhism was a widely supported and influential religion.

Buddhism by country
This list shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 320 million, representing 4.1% of the world's total population as of 2020. By sheer numbers, Thailand accounts for the largest portion of the global Buddhist population, It is the state religion in four countries — Cambodia, Myanmar, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Pew Research stated that Buddhism was the only religion to have declined in their 2010 to 2020 report covering the global religious landscape.

Mahayana, the largest branch of Buddhism, is followed by around 53% of Buddhists, mainly centered in East Asia whereas the second-largest branch Theravada is mostly followed in Mainland Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka with around 36% population as of 2010. Other smaller schools such as Navayana are scantly followed in India.
2025 Formula Regional Americas Championship
The 2025 Formula Regional Americas Championship was the eighth season of a FIA-sanctioned F3/FR-level series across North America, and the sixth season under the Formula Regional moniker after a rebrand in 2020. The series was promoted by SCCA Pro Racing, the professional racing division of the Sports Car Club of America.

Crosslink Motorsports driver Titus Sherlock won the Drivers' Championship title at the penultimate race of the season, while the team of his closest competitors, Kiwi Motorsports, defended their Teams' Championship title for the third year in a row, after winning it in conjunction with Crosslink Motorsports in 2023 and 2024, with four races to spare. Kiwi Motorsports' Bruno Ribeiro, third overall, won the Rookie title, while Momentum Motorsports' Anthony Autiello was awarded the Masters' title.

Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is a road course auto racing facility located in Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States, just outside the village of Lexington. It hosts a number of racing series such as IndyCar, IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, along with other club events such has SCCA and National Auto Sport Association.

There is grandstand seating for 12,000 spectators and three observation mounds alongside the track raise the capacity to over 75,000. Mid-Ohio is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.
Savoy Vaults
The Savoy Vaults, or Queen Victoria Vaults, is an area of graves at New Southgate Cemetery in north London. The vaults contain the remains of those buried at the St Marienkirche Lutheran Chapel in Savoy Precinct, which was demolished in 1875 to improve access to the newly created Victoria Embankment on the northern edge of the River Thames. The chapel and many of the burials had links to the Hanoverians in England.

Savoy Place
Savoy Place is a large red brick building on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster. It is on a street called Savoy Place; Savoy Hill and Savoy Street run along the sides of the building up to the Strand. In front is the Victoria Embankment, part of the Thames Embankment. Close by are Savoy Hill House (best known for accommodating the BBC Savoy Hill recording studios), the Savoy Hotel and Waterloo Bridge. There are commanding views over to the South Bank and the London Eye.
Quercus lobata
Quercus lobata, commonly called the valley oak or roble, is the largest of the California oaks. It is endemic to the state, growing in interior valleys and foothills from Siskiyou to San Diego counties. Deciduous, it requires year-round groundwater, and may live up to 600 years. Its thick, ridged bark (resembling alligator hide) and deeply lobed leaves are characteristic, and assist in identification.

Acorn
The acorn  is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera Quercus, Notholithocarpus and Lithocarpus, in the family Fagaceae); alternatively known as glans. It usually contains a seedling surrounded by two cotyledons (seedling leaves), enclosed in a tough shell known as the pericarp, and borne in a cup-shaped cupule. Acorns are 1–6 cm (1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) long and 0.8–4 cm (3⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) on the fat side. Acorns take between 5 and 24 months (depending on the species) to mature; see the list of Quercus species for details of oak classification, in which acorn morphology and phenology are important factors.