hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shakir Shaari
Mohammad Shakir bin Shaari (born 29 September 1986) is a former Malaysian professional football player and football coach.

He last plays as a defensive midfielder for Johor Darul Ta'zim II in Malaysia Premier League. He has an ability of long-range shots with power towards the goal post. His high work rate, timing of his tackles and stamina makes him one of the best Malaysian defensive midfielders.

Piala Sumbangsih
The Malaysian Charity Shield (English: Charity Cup), also known as Piala Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (English: Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup) or Piala Sumbangsih, is a Malaysian football super cup competition. It is the curtain raiser match to the new Malaysian football season, pitting the reigning Malaysia Super League champions against the previous year's winners of the Malaysia Cup.

Johor Darul Ta'zim are the current title holders after winning their tenth title in the 2025 edition.
Adeli suit
The ADELI Suit is derived from a suit originally designed for the Soviet space program in the late 1960s that was first tested in 1971. The purpose then was to give the cosmonauts in space a way to counter the effects of long-term weightlessness on the body. The ADELI Suit is currently used to treat children with physical disabilities resulting from cerebral palsy, other neurological conditions originating from brain damage or spinal cord injury.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Videography
Videography involves capturing moving images on electronic media (such as: videotape, direct to disk recording, or solid state storage), and can include streaming media. It encompasses both video production and post-production methods. Historically videography was considered the video counterpart to cinematography, which involved recording moving images on film stock. However, with the advent of digital video recording in the late 20th century, the distinction between the two has become less clear as  both use similar intermediary mechanisms. Today, any video work can be referred to as videography, while commercial motion picture production is typically termed cinematography.

A videographer works in the field of videography and video production. News broadcasting heavily relies on live television, where videographers are involved in electronic news gathering (ENG) of local news stories.

Hard disk recorder
A hard disk recorder (HDR) is a system that uses a high-capacity hard disk to record digital audio or digital video.  Hard disk recording systems represent an alternative to reel-to-reel audio tape recording and video tape recorders, and provide non-linear editing capabilities unavailable using tape recorders.  Audio HDR systems, which can be standalone or computer-based, are typically combined with provisions for digital mixing and processing of the audio signal to produce a digital audio workstation (DAW).

Direct-to-disk recording (DDR) refers to methods which may also use optical disc recording technologies such as DVD, and Compact disc.
1931 International Cross Country Championships
The 1931 International Cross Country Championships was held in Dublin, Ireland, at the Baldoyle Racecourse on 28 March 1931. For the first time, an unofficial women's championship was held a week earlier in Douai, France on 22 March 1931. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald for the men's and the women's event.

Complete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medalists, and the results of British athletes were published.

Douai
Douai (UK: /ˈduːeɪ/ DOO-ay, US: /duˈeɪ/ doo-AY, French: [dwɛ] ⓘ; Picard: Doï; Dutch: Dowaai; formerly spelled Douay or Doway in English) is a city in the Nord département in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Located on the river Scarpe some 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Lille and 25 km (16 mi) from Arras, Douai is home to one of the region's most impressive belfries.
Gadarwara Super Thermal Power Station
Gadarwara Super Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power station located near Gangai village in Gadarwara tehsil of Narsinghpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The power station is owned and operated by NTPC Limited, India's largest power generation utility. With a planned ultimate capacity of 3,200 MW (4×800 MW), it is one of the major supercritical thermal power projects in central India.

As of 2024, Stage-I of the project, comprising two units of 800 MW each (total 1,600 MW), is fully operational and in commercial operation. Stage-II, consisting of an additional two units of 800 MW each, received investment approval from the NTPC Board in November 2024.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned electrical/ industrial technology company. It is owned by the Government of India, with administrative control under the Ministry of Heavy Industries. Established in 1964, BHEL is based in New Delhi.
Mid-term Review Reforms
The Mid-term Review Reforms are a set of  reforms of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy adopted by the EU Council of Ministers on June 26, 2003.  In summary, the main elements of the reformed CAP include:  a single farm payment for EU farmers independent (decoupled) from production (although limited coupling may be permitted in some circumstances); compliance with environmental, food safety, animal and plant health, and animal welfare standards in order to receive the single payment; increased funding for rural development and accompanying environmental or animal welfare measures; a reduction in direct payments (modulation) for larger farms to finance the expanded rural development program; an agreement to limit the CAP (including rural development) budget at the 2007 level through 2013; and some additional market price support cuts.

Common Agricultural Policy
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the agricultural policy of the European Commission. It implements a system of agricultural subsidies and other programmes. It was introduced in 1962 and has since then undergone several changes to reduce the EEC budget cost (from 73% in 1985, to 37% in 2017) and consider rural development in its aims. It has however, been criticised on the grounds of its cost, and its environmental and humanitarian effects.
Shimotombetsu
Shimotombetsu (下頓別) is a part of the town of Hamatonbetsu, located in Esashi District, Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

Shimotombetsu Junior High School (下頓別中学校) is a public three-year junior high school.

Hamatonbetsu, Hokkaido
Hamatonbetsu (浜頓別町, Hamatonbetsu-chō) is a town located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 1 July 2024, the town had an estimated population of 3,263 in 1841 households, and a population density of 8.1 people per km2. The total area of the town is 401.59 km2 (155.05 sq mi).
Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario
The Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Canada in the Province of Ontario is a Grand Lodge with jurisdiction over 571 masonic lodges located in the province of Ontario in Canada with around 46,000 members. The Grand Lodge is in full amity and recognition with the United Grand Lodge of England. The Grand Lodge publishes an annual magazine Ontario Mason.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
England–Germany football rivalry
The English and German national football teams have played each other since the end of the 19th century; officially since 1930. The teams met for the first time in November 1899, when England beat Germany in four straight matches. Notable matches between England and Germany (or West Germany) include the 1966 FIFA World Cup final, the semifinals of the 1990 FIFA World Cup, the semifinals of UEFA Euro 1996, the round of sixteen of the 2010 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2020. While the English public, football fans and in particular newspapers consider an England–Germany football rivalry to have developed, it is mostly an English phenomenon since most German fans consider the Netherlands or Italy to be their traditional footballing rivals.

In this article, references to the German football team include the former West Germany football team before German reunification.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Jangshung language
Jangshung is an underdocumented Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Most Jangshung speakers reside in the villages of Jangi, Lippa and Asrang. They belong to the upper caste, while the lower castes in the same villages speak Shumcho, a related but distinct language of the Kinnauric branch.

Jangshung is closely related to its larger neighbor Kinnauri and sometimes considered one of its dialects. Like most language varieties of Himachal Pradesh, Jangshung was occasionally written in the traditional Takri script, but it has largely fallen out of use in the 20th century. Today, it is mostly a spoken language. Most Jangshung speakers are multilingual and typically use Hindi and English in writing and other formal contexts.

Kinnaur district
Kinnaur district (Hindi: [kɪnːɔːɾ]) is a mountainous district located in the northeast part of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Kinnaur district borders Tibet (China) to the east, the state of Uttarakhand to the south, Shimla district to the southwest, Kullu district to the west, and Lahaul and Spiti district to the north. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Reckong Peo. Kinnaur district's south-western parts are part of the historical Mahasu region.
Actinocerida
The Actinocerida are an order of generally straight, medium to large cephalopods that lived during the early and middle Paleozoic, distinguished by a siphuncle composed of expanded segments that extend into the adjacent chambers, in which deposits formed within contain a system of radial canals and a narrow space along the inner side of the connecting ring known as a paraspatium. (Teichert 1964) Septal necks are generally short and cyrtochoanitic, some being recumbent, some hook shaped. Most grew to lengths of about 60 to 90 cm (2.0 to 3.0 ft) but some, like the Huroniidae of the Silurian grew significantly larger.

Canadian Epoch
The Canadian Epoch is the Lower or Early Ordovician in North America. The term is common in the older literature and has been well understood for more than a century. However it has no official recognition by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and has been superseded by the more recently defined Ibexian series of western Utah.
Bibliotheca Anatomica
Bibliotheca Anatomica is a Latin-language human anatomy text edited by Daniel Le Clerc (or Daniel LeClerc) and Jean-Jacques Manget, two physicians from Geneva. The work was published in Geneva by Sumptibus J. A. Chouët and Davidis Ritter.

Extending to two folio volumes and encompassing almost all significant anatomical publications across the several decades prior to its publication, including the writings of Thomas Bartholin, Regnier de Graaf, William Harvey, Richard Lower, Marcello Malpighi, Jan Swammerdam, Raymond Vieussens, and Thomas Willis, Bibliotheca Anatomica is the most comprehensive collection of anatomical treatises produced in the 17th century.

Thomas Bartholin
Thomas Bartholin (/bɑːrˈtoʊlɪn, ˈbɑːrtəlɪn/; Latinized as Thomas Bartholinus; 20 October 1616 – 4 December 1680) was a Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian. He discovered the lymphatic system in humans and advanced the theory of refrigeration anesthesia, being the first to describe it scientifically.

Thomas Bartholin came from a family that has become famous for its pioneering scientists, twelve of whom became professors at the University of Copenhagen. Three generations of the Bartholin family made significant contributions to anatomical science and medicine in the 17th and 18th centuries: Thomas Bartholin's father, Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629), his brother Rasmus Bartholin (1625–1698), and his son Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738). Thomas Bartholin's son Thomas Bartholin the Younger (1659–1690) became a professor of history at the University of Copenhagen and was later appointed royal antiquarian and secretary to the Royal Archives.
Psenuc dependens
Psenuc dependens or the Common Psenuc Jumping Spider is a species of jumping spider in the genus Psenuc that is endemic to South Africa. Originally called Pseudicius dependens, the spider was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad. It has been found living close to humans, in farms and orchards. It is a small spider, the male being between 4.1 and 4.3 mm (0.16 and 0.17 in) long, the female being slightly smaller. It has a flattened slender body with a brown carapace, the hard upper part of the front section of its body, that has a black eye field. Behind its carapace is an ovoid abdomen that is either greyish-brown or brownish-grey but marked with a distinctive pattern that differs between the sexes. The female has a design of patches and chevrons, the male has patches and dots. The male has a cymbium, part of its copulatory organs, that has a distinctive shape with a bulge at the end of its curved tip. The female has large, spherical accessory glands.

Jerzy Prószyński
Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae).  He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw.
Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark
Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (Knud Christian Frederik Michael; 27 July 1900 – 14 June 1976) was a member of the Danish royal family, the younger son and child of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine.

From 1947 to 1953, he was heir presumptive to his older brother, King Frederik IX, and would have succeeded him as king following his death in January 1972 had it not been for a change in the Danish Act of Succession that replaced him with his niece, Queen Margrethe II. Later, Knud's two sons, Ingolf and Christian, were stripped of their titles of prince and removed from the line of succession by the new law because they had married commoners without asking consent from their uncle.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Oak savanna
An oak savanna is a type of savanna (or lightly forested grassland), where oaks (Quercus spp.) are the dominant trees. It is also generally characterized by an understory that is lush with grass and herbaceous plants. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. Oak savannas typically exist in areas with low precipitation or high fire frequency and may feature poor soils. Predominant land uses include rangeland agriculture. Naturally, these savannas depend on natural wildfires (e.g. caused by lightning) to maintain their open vegetation.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Dennis Rommedahl
Dennis Rommedahl (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁʌməˌtɛˀl]; born 22 July 1978) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a right winger. During his 19-year professional career, he won four Eredivisie titles with PSV Eindhoven, and also played for several other Dutch clubs in between stints in England and Greece.

The fourth-most capped national player for Denmark, he appeared in 126 matches and scored 21 goals for his country, and was a member of the Danish squads at the 2002 World Cup, Euro 2004, the 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012. He was nominated for Danish Footballer of the Year in 2007, but did not win the award until 2010.

2001 Johan Cruyff Shield
The sixth edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal) was held on 12 August 2001 between 2000–01 Eredivisie champions PSV Eindhoven and 2000–01 KNVB Cup winners FC Twente. PSV won the match 3–2.
Parche, Nepal
Parche is a town and Village Development Committee (VDC) in Kaski District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,182 persons in 669 individual households.

Parche is one of 43 VDCs of Kaski District. It lies north of Dhikur Pokhari VDC and east of Lumle VDC. Sikles is the major village of this VDC where there is traditional in-habitation of Gurung people.

Lumle
Lumle is a town and Annapurna Rural Municipality, Kaski Kaski District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 4,685 persons in 955 individual households.

Lumle is well known for its agricultural centre on a hillside above the village founded in 1968 to train British Gurkha ex-servicemen farmers. Its role was expanded in 1975 to benefit the communities from which Gurkhas were recruited in Mid-West Hills. It is now part of Nepal Agricultural Research Council.
Joe Buttleman
Joseph Edward Lewis Buttleman (born 23 August 1987) is an English cricketer. Buttleman is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Basildon, Essex and educated at Felsted School.

While studying for his degree at Durham University, Buttleman made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Durham in 2007. He made six further first-class appearances for the university, the last of which came against Warwickshire in 2009. In his seven first-class matches, he scored 156 runs at an average of 14.18, with a high score of 56 not out. This score, his only first-class fifty, came against Lancashire in 2008. With the ball, he took 10 wickets at a bowling average of 30.90, with best figures of 2/32.

Felsted School
Felsted School is a co-educational independent boarding and day school, situated in Felsted in Essex, England. It is in the British public school tradition, and was founded in 1564 by Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich. Felsted is one of the 12 founder members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and a full member of the Round Square Conference of world schools. 
Felsted School is featured in the Good Schools Guide and is regularly featured in Tatler's Schools Guide. Felsted School was shortlisted for 'Boarding School of the Year' 2020 by the Times Education Supplement (TES).

Felsted is notable for having educated a British head of state, Richard Cromwell, who was Lord Protector from 1658 to 1659. The current buildings date from the 1850s and were largely designed by Frederic Chancellor.
Ruseiniai
Ruseiniai (formerly Russian: Руссейни, Polish: Rusiańce) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 20 people. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Josvainiai, among the Šušvė (the Angiriai Reservoir), the Smilgaitis and the Amalis rivers, nearby the Josvainiai Forest.

There is an ancient burial place where relics of horses and men, dated by 11th-16th centuries, have been found.

Šušvė
Šušvė (ˈʃuːʃvʲeː) is a river in central Lithuania, a right (the longest) tributary of the Nevėžis river. It begins in Kelmė district municipality, 6 km (4 mi) southeast from Tytuvėnai. The 134.6 km (83.6 mi) long river passes through Tytuvėnai and Sulinkiai Marshes and flows south through Radviliškis district municipality. Finally, Šušvė passes through Kėdainiai district municipality and flows into the Nevėžis near Graužiai village.

The width of the river valley is between 0.5 and 3 km. From December to March Šušvė is usually frozen. Dams were built at Vaitiekūnai and Angiriai (Angiriai Reservoir). The Šušvė Hydrological Sanctuary was established in 1992 to protect the lower courses of the river.

The main towns and villages by the Šušvė river are Šiaulėnai, Pašušvys (Radviliškis municipality), Grinkiškis, Vaitiekūnai, Pašušvys (Kėdainiai municipality), Angiriai, Josvainiai.
Vegetation classification
Vegetation classification is the process of classifying and mapping the vegetation over an area of the Earth's surface. Vegetation classification is often performed by state based agencies as part of land use, resource and environmental management. Many different methods of vegetation classification have been used. In general, there has been a shift from structural classification used by forestry for the mapping of timber resources, to floristic community mapping for biodiversity management. Whereas older forestry-based schemes considered factors such as height, species and density of the woody canopy, floristic community mapping shifts the emphasis onto ecological factors such as climate, soil type and floristic associations. Classification mapping is usually now done using geographic information systems (GIS) software.

A. W. Kuchler
August William Kuchler (born August Wilhelm Küchler; 26 July 1907 – 17 June 1999) was a German-born American geographer and naturalist who is noted for developing a plant association system that has become widely used in the United States. Some of this database has been digitized for integration into GIS mapping systems. Kuchler received his Ph.D. in geography from the University of Munich in 1935. In 1978, he received the Association of American Geographers' Honors award. He is the author of the book Vegetation Mapping.