hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Celestia Rice Colby
Celestia Rice Colby was an activist who promoted feminist and anti-slavery ideas through her writing. Reviewing her prose also illuminates the idea of separate spheres that was present in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Epiphragm
An epiphragm (from the Ancient Greek ἐπί,  epi  " upon, on, over " and φράγμα,  -phrágma  "fence") is a temporary structure which can be created by many species of shelled, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. It can also be created by freshwater snails when temporary pools dry up.

In most species, the epiphragm is made of dried mucus, and although it is elastic, it is fairly easily torn when forcibly removing a snail from its substrate. In a few species, the epiphragm is thick and quite rigid, being reinforced with calcium carbonate. This kind of epiphragm is very strong and may be difficult to break.

Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc.

The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod shells, scaphopod shells, and also for Nautilus and ammonite shells.

The word is not used to describe bivalve shells, where a natural opening between the two shell valves in the closed position is usually called a gape.

Scaphopod shells are tubular, and thus they have two openings: a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture.

As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells have additional openings in their shells for respiration; this is the case in some Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) where the central smaller opening at the apex of the shell is called an orifice, and in the Haliotidae (abalone) where the row of respiratory openings in the shell are also called orifices.
Qarabolaq
Qarabolaq or Qareh Bulaq (Dari: قره‌بلاق) is a small settlement in the Great Pamir in Wakhan District, Badakhshan Province, northeastern Afghanistan.  It lies at an altitude of 4,139 m on the eastern shore of Zorkul lake, near the Afghan border with Tajikistan but also close to the Afghan borders with Pakistan and China.

Zorkul
Zorkul (Dari: زارکول; Pashto: زارکول; Tajik: Зоркӯл, romanized: Zārkul) is a lake in the Pamir Mountains that runs along the border between the Wakhan District in Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan and the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous region of Tajikistan. It is part of both the Wakhan National Park of Afghanistan and the Tajik National Park.
Samuel T. Hubbard Jr.
Samuel Thomas Hubbard Jr. (1884–1962) was a cotton industry executive and military intelligence officer with the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. Hubbard served as chief of the Enemy Order of Battle Section in the G2 Military Intelligence Division and then as a liaison to the Allied Forces' headquarters for General John Pershing. He also served as director of the military intelligence school in Langres, France at the end of the war. Recognizing these efforts, the U.S. Army awarded Hubbard their Distinguished Service Medal, and France awarded him their Officier d'Académie Medal.  Returning to the U.S., Hubbard worked as an executive with Hubbard Brothers & Company (HBC), a cotton grower launched by his family members. Representing HBC, he served as vice president and then as president of the New York Cotton Exchange, the oldest commodity exchange in New York City.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
All Seasons Place
All Seasons Place is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Bangkok, Thailand. It comprises the 210-metre (690 ft)-tall China Resources Tower (also known as the China Resources Center or CRC Tower) and four smaller buildings that surround it: two office towers (M Thai Tower and Capitol Tower), a residential condominium (All Seasons Mansion) and the Conrad Bangkok hotel.

The complex, a prominent landmark on Witthayu Road in Bangkok's Pathum Wan District, is operated by All Seasons Development, a joint-venture established in 1989 between Hong Kong–based China Resources and Thai real estate developer M Thai Group. CRC Tower was the fifth-tallest building in Thailand at its completion in 2002.

Pathum Wan district
Pathum Wan  (Thai: ปทุมวัน, pronounced [pā.tʰūm.wān]) is one of the fifty districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It lies just beyond the old city boundary of Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem and was a rural area on the eastern outskirts of the city when royal villas were built there in the late nineteenth century. The district was officially established in 1915, and covers an area of 8.37 square kilometres (3.23 sq mi). A large part of the district area is taken up by the campus of Chulalongkorn University and the green expanses of Lumphini Park and the Royal Bangkok Sports Club. By the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, the district had become known as the modern-day city centre, home to the prominent shopping areas of Siam and Ratchaprasong.
Cardiology
Cardiology (from Ancient Greek  καρδίᾱ (kardiā) 'heart' and  -λογία (-logia) 'study') is the study of the heart. Cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system, and it is a sub-specialty of internal medicine. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiology. Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists. Pediatric cardiologists are pediatricians who specialize in cardiology. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, a specialty of general surgery.

Electrophysiology study
A cardiac electrophysiology study (EP test or EP study) is a minimally invasive procedure using catheters introduced through a vein or artery to record electrical activity from within the heart. This electrical activity is recorded when the heart is in a normal rhythm (sinus rhythm) to assess the conduction system of the heart and to look for additional electrical connections (accessory pathways), and during any abnormal heart rhythms that can be induced. EP studies are used to investigate the cause, location of origin, and best treatment for various abnormal heart rhythms, and are often followed by a catheter ablation during the same procedure.
Abu Makhlad Abdallah
Abu Makhlad Abdallah ibn Yahya al-Tabari was an Iranian statesman from Tabaristan, who served the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij (r. 930–935), and later the Buyid ruler of Iraq, Mu'izz al-Dawla (r. 945–967). He might have been the son of Ali Yahya ibn Abdallah al-Tabari, a secretary who served the Baridis of Basra.

Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Persian: طبرستان, romanized: Ṭabarestān; Mazanderani: تبرستون, romanized: Tabarestun; from Middle Persian: , Tapur(i)stān) was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th century onwards.
Zamoyski family
The House of Zamoyski (plural: Zamoyscy) is an important Polish noble (szlachta) family belonging to the category of Polish magnates. They used the Jelita coat of arms. The surname "Zamoyski"  literally means  "of/from Zamość" and reflects the fact that the family originally were lords of Zamość, according to a tradition of surnames of Polish nobility. The family was influential in Polish politics for several centuries, and its members held various official titles, including those of Count and Countess.

Jan Zamoyski
Jan Sariusz Zamoyski (Latin: Ioannes Zamoyski de Zamoscie; 19 March 1542 – 3 June 1605) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, statesman and the 1st ordynat of Zamość. He served as the Royal Secretary from 1565, Deputy Chancellor from 1576, Grand Chancellor of the Crown from 1578, and Great Hetman of the Crown from 1581.

Zamoyski was the General Starost of the city of Kraków from 1580 to 1585, Starost of Bełz, Międzyrzecz, Krzeszów, Knyszyn and Tartu. An important advisor to Kings Sigismund II Augustus and Stephen Báthory, he was one of the major opponents of Bathory's successor, Sigismund III Vasa, and one of the most skilled diplomats, politicians and statesmen of his time, standing as a major figure in the politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth throughout his life.
Vana-Mustamäe
Vana-Mustamäe (Estonian for "Old Black Hill") is a neighborhood of Nõmme in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It has a population of 2,066 (As of 1 January 2014). It borders Hiiu and Pääsküla to the south, Nõmme to the southeast, Mustamäe to the northeast, Kadaka to the north, Astangu to the northwest, and Mäeküla to the west.

It's the location of Glehn Castle (administratively in Hiiu).

Pääsküla
Pääsküla (Estonian for "Passage Village") is a subdistrict (Estonian: asum) in the district of Nõmme, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It covers an area of 5.95 km2 (2.30 sq mi) and has a population of 9,948 (As of 1 January 2014), population density is 1,611.1/km2 (4,173/sq mi).

Pääsküla has a station on the Elron western route.
Astronomical transit
In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.

The word "transit" refers to cases where the nearer object appears smaller than the more distant object. Cases where the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object are known as occultations.

However, the probability of seeing a transiting planet is low because it is dependent on the alignment of the three objects in a nearly perfectly straight line. Many parameters of  a planet and its parent star can be determined based on the transit.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Twenty-eight athletes from 18 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The competition was held on August 2. The final was won by Adolfo Consolini of Italy. It was the nation's first victory in the men's discus throw; Italy had previously taken bronze in 1936. Giuseppe Tosi earned silver to put Italy in the top two places. Fortune Gordien of the United States won bronze, keeping the Americans on the podium in each appearance of the men's discus throw to date.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games: women's 200 metres, women's long jump and women's shot put. There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries.
Make His Praise Glorious
Make His Praise Glorious is the tenth studio album by Christian singer Sandi Patti, released in 1988 on Word Records. The track "Almighty God" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Gospel Performance, Female and would win Patti three GMA Dove Awards for Female Vocalist, Inspirational Album and Inspirational Recorded Song of the Year (for "In Heaven's Eyes") at the 20th GMA Dove Awards in 1989. Make His Praise Glorious topped the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart  and it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

First Call
First Call was an American contemporary Christian music (CCM) group, consisting of Mel Tunney, Marty McCall, and Bonnie Keen. During their career spanning more than 30 years, the group worked with many noted producers and arrangers including David Maddux, Steven V. Taylor, Dan Keen, Greg Nelson, Keith Thomas, Neal Joseph, Wayne Kirkpatrick, Phil Naish and Darrell Brown.
Salt Lake Temple
The Salt Lake Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. At 253,015 square feet (23,505.9 m2), it is the largest Latter-day Saint temple by floor area. Dedicated in 1893, it is the sixth temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete, and the fourth temple built since the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1846. The temple was closed in December 2019 for a general remodelling and seismic renovations, which were initially estimated to take approximately four years. Subsequent updates extended the estimated completion to 2026, for a total renovation timeline lasting an anticipated six or seven years.

Nauvoo Temple
The Nauvoo Temple was the second temple constructed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The church's first temple was completed in Kirtland, Ohio, United States, in 1836. In the winter of 1846, when the main body of the church was forced out of Nauvoo, the church attempted to sell the building, finally succeeding in 1848. The building was damaged by arson and a tornado before being demolished.

In 1937, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) reacquired the lot on which the original temple had stood. In 2000, the church began to build a temple on the same site with an exterior that is a replica of the original, but whose interior is laid out like a modern Latter-day Saint temple. On June 27, 2002, a date that coincided with the 158th anniversary of the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the temple was dedicated by the LDS Church as the Nauvoo Illinois Temple.
Crisis of the Piast dynasty
The Crisis of the Piast dynasty was a period of constant wars, invasions and rebellions, lasting from the death of Bolesław the Brave in 1025 until the reunification of the Polish lands by Casimir the Restorer. During the crisis, Poland suffered very severe material and demographic losses, the Polish capital Gniezno was completely destroyed, Lusatia and Milsko were taken over by the Germans, Bełz by Kievan Rus, Principality of Nitra by Hungary and Moravia and initially Silesia by Bohemia. This period ended in 1058 after Casimir the Restorer unified the country, but the Polish state was greatly weakened.

Otto Bolesławowic
Otto Bolesławowic (1000–1033) was member of the House of Piast. He was the third son of King Bolesław the Brave of Poland. Having inherited no land from his father, he fled to Germany. After the defeat of his brother Mieszko II Lambert in 1032, Otto received a part of Poland to rule but died shortly after.
Asan Mugunghwa FC
Asan Mugunghwa Football Club (Korean: 아산 무궁화 프로축구단) was a South Korean football club based in Asan. The club's players were South Korean professional footballers who were serving their mandatory two-year military duty.

Korean National Semi-Professional Football League
The Korean National Semi-professional Football League was contested between South Korean works teams and military teams from 1964 to 2002. It was the predecessor of the Korea National League which was founded in 2003.
The Lost King of Oz
The Lost King of Oz (1925) is the nineteenth book in the Oz series created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the fifth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The novel was followed by The Hungry Tiger of Oz (1926).

The book went into the public domain on January 1, 2021.

The Hungry Tiger of Oz
The Hungry Tiger of Oz (1926) is the twentieth book in the Oz series created by L. Frank Baum and his successors, and the sixth written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was illustrated by John R. Neill. The novel was followed by The Gnome King of Oz (1927).
VK2809
VK2809 (formerly known as MB07811) is a thyromimetic prodrug whose active form is selective for the THR-β isoform. It is being developed by Viking Therapeutics in a phase II trial for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and is also being investigated for glycogen storage disease type Ia.

In 2023, Viking Therapeutics filed a lawsuit against the developer of ASC41, Chinese company Ascletis BioScience, accusing it of stealing Viking's trade secrets to develop ASC41 which is allegedly similar to, or identical to, VK2809.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Abad Shahpur
Abad Shahpur (Persian: آباد شاهپور, also Romanized as Ābād Shāhpūr; also known as Ābād Shāpūr) is a neighborhood in the city of Bab Anar in Khafr County, Fars province, Iran.

It was formerly a village in Khafr Rural District, in Khafr District of Jahrom County.

Abad Shahpur is known for its cultivation of citrus fruits.

Bab Anar
Bab Anar (Persian: باب انار) is a city in the Central District of Khafr County, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Khafr Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Zarjan.
Stride scheduling
Stride scheduling is a type of scheduling mechanism that has been introduced as a simple concept to achieve proportional central processing unit (CPU) capacity reservation among concurrent processes. Stride scheduling aims to sequentially allocate a resource for the duration of standard time-slices (quantum) in a fashion, that performs periodic recurrences of allocations. Thus, a process p1 which has reserved twice the share of a process p2 will be allocated twice as often as p2. In particular, process p1 will even be allocated two times every time p2 is waiting for allocation, assuming that neither of the two processes performs a blocking operation.

Proportional share scheduling
Proportional share scheduling is a type of scheduling that preallocates certain amount of CPU time to each of the processes. In a proportional share algorithm every job has a weight, and jobs receive a share of the available resources proportional to the weight of every job.
Mutya ng Pilipinas 2025
Mutya ng Pilipinas 2025 was the 54th Mutya ng Pilipinas pageant held at the Playtime Filoil Centre in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines on November 17, 2025.

Alyssa Redondo of California crowned Christina Vanhefflin of Leyte as her successor at the end of the event. She will represent the Philippines at the Miss Intercontinental 2025 pageant on 29 January 2026.

Mutya ng Pilipinas
Mutya ng Pilipinas (MNP), in 2019 known as Mutya Pilipinas, is one of the two oldest annual national beauty pageants in the Philippines (est. 1968). The other being the Binibining Pilipinas pageant (est. 1964). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the competition was not held in 2020 and 2021.
Houlgate station
Houlgate is the railway station for the town of Houlgate, Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France. The station is built in Ouest architecture.

It's located on the Côte Fleurie branchline from Trouville-Deauville and to Dives-Cabourg.

The line from Mézidon opened in 1879 and extended to Houlgate in 1882. The line from Trouville-Deauville to Villers-sur-Mer and Houlgate opened two years later but the station was then called Beuzeval-Houlgate, followed by Houlgate-Beuzeval and finally Houlgate. A goods yard was in use until the mid-1990s as well as the station building (until 1996), the station is now only used as a stop by regional trains and tickets must be bought on-board trains. The trains between Trouville-Deauville and Dives-Cabourg only run in summer.

The station building was renovated during Spring 2007. The station building was repainted and the main room reopened as a waiting room. The period clock on the station front was repaired.

Dives-Cabourg station
Dives-Cabourg is the railway station for the towns of Dives-sur-Mer and Cabourg. The station is built in Ouest architecture and is a terminus for the Côte Fleurie branchline to Trouville-Deauville. The trains between Trouville-Deauville and Dives-Cabourg only run in summer.

The line from Mézidon opened in 1879 and extended to Houlgate in 1882. The line from Trouville-Deauville to Villers-sur-Mer and Houlgate opened two years later.

From 1892 to 1932, the station was served by the 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge railway of Chemins de fer du Calvados, linking it to Caen's Saint-Pierre station.

On Wednesday 12 May 2010, the goods yard building caught fire. The fire was noticed early on and extinguished, saving the building.
Ghabat
Ghabat (or Al-Ghabat) is a village in Lebanon located in the Jurd area of the district of Byblos in the Mount Lebanon region, about 74 kilometres northeast of Beirut. Its inhabitants are predominantly Maronite Catholics.

Al Ghabat has a dry-summer subtropical Mediterranean climate with moderate weather throughout the seasons. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are rainy with occasional snow. It is located on the mountains above Byblos at an altitude of 1000 to 1200 metres. It is surrounded by the villages of Afqa and Lassa and is home to 591 people registered on the electoral list.

Lassa, Lebanon
Lassa (Arabic: لاسا) is a municipality in the Byblos District of Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon. It is 90 kilometers north of Beirut. Lassa has an average elevation of 1,130 meters above sea level and a total land area of 739 hectares. The village contains one public school, which enrolled 15 students in 2008. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims with a Maronite minority.