hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ypsomed Holding
Ypsomed Holding Inc. (German pronunciation: [ˈʏp.soː.mɛd]) is a Swiss multinational medical technology company headquartered in Burgdorf, Switzerland. Founded in 2003, through the break up of Disetronic Group, founded by Willy Michel. Ypsomed specializes in developing and manufacturing injection and infusion systems for self-medication, primarily in the areas of diabetes care and biotechnology.

Products include devices like insulin pens, auto-injectors, and infusion pumps, which help patients manage chronic conditions more easily and independently. In 2025, Ypsomed employs 2,800+ employees and has an annual turnover of 728.9 million Swiss Francs ($928.3 million). The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange.

Burgdorf, Switzerland
Burgdorf (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈbʊrɡˌdɔrf] ⓘ; French: Berthoud [bɛʁtu]; High Alemannic: Bùùrdlef) is the largest city in the Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of the same name until 2010, when it became part of the new Emmental district.
Adaptive immunity in jawless fish
Jawless vertebrates, which today consist entirely of lampreys and hagfish, have an adaptive immune system similar to that found in jawed vertebrates. The cells of the agnathan AIS have roles roughly equivalent to those of B-cells and T-cells, with three lymphocyte lineages identified so far:

VLRA (most similar to α/β T cells, in its role and pathway of differentiation)

VLRB (most similar to B cells)

VLRC (most similar to γ/δ T cells)

VLRA and VLRB were identified in 2009, while VLRC was discovered in 2013. Instead of immunoglobulins, they use variable lymphocyte receptors.

Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an important subtype (which functions in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity). They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name "lymphocyte" (with cyte meaning cell). Lymphocytes make up between 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells.
HD 86264 b
HD 86264 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the F-type main sequence star HD 86264, located approximately 237 light years away in the constellation Hydra. The planet is considered to orbit in an eccentric path around the star with a period of about four years. This planet can be as close as 0.86 AU to as far as 4.86 AU. It has minimum mass seven Jupiter masses and orbits at a distance of 2.86 astronomical units. This planet was detected by radial velocity method on August 13, 2009.

An estimate of the planet's inclination and true mass (~9.81 MJ) via astrometry, though with high error, was published in 2022.

HD 86264
HD 86264 is a single star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It is too faint to be readily visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 7.41. The distance to this star, as determined by parallax measurements, is 219 light-years, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +7.4 km/s. A 2015 survey ruled out the existence of any stellar companions at projected distances above 30 astronomical units.

This is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F7V. It is about two billion years old with a modest level of chromospheric activity and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 13 km/s. The star is larger and more massive compared to the Sun, and it has a higher metallicity – the abundance of elements with a higher atomic number than helium. It is radiating four times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,616 K.
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre freestyle
The women's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 18 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Katie Hoff of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre freestyle
The women's 200 metre freestyle competition at the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 17 at the Saanich Commonwealth Place.  The last champion was Lindsay Benko of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.
Horn Pond (Massachusetts)
Horn Pond is a 102-acre (41 ha) water body along the Aberjona River in Woburn, Massachusetts in the United States.  The pond is fed by several brooks and flows out via Horn Pond Brook to the Aberjona River and the Mystic Lakes, eventually reaching the Mystic River and the Atlantic Ocean. It was also traversed by the Middlesex Canal from 1802 to 1860.

Yellow perch were the most common species recorded at Horn Pond in a 1982 survey, with additional species, including: largemouth bass, pumpkinseed, bluegill, killifish, chain pickerel, golden shiner, carp, white sucker, brook trout, yellow bullhead, brown bullhead and black crappie. Trout (primarily rainbows, but also browns 
and brookies) have been stocked in the past, with more fish and trout in the fall. Recently, with the improvement of fish passage in the Mystic River, river herring have resumed their annual migration to Horn Pond.

Mystic Lakes (Boston)
The Mystic Lakes, consisting of Upper Mystic Lake and Lower Mystic Lake, are closely linked bodies of water in the northwestern suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts.

The lakes lie at an elevation of 1 meter above sea level, within the towns of Winchester, Arlington, and Medford, Massachusetts.  Upper Mystic Lake is fed by the Aberjona River, and drains south, over the Mystic Dam, into Lower Mystic Lake, which in turn empties into the Mystic River and then Boston Harbor.
Habib Abu Shahla
Habib Abu Shahla (Arabic: حبيب أبو شهلا / Ḥabīb Abū Shahlā, also spelled Abou Chahla) or Abi Shahla (Arabic: أبي شهلا / Abī Shahlā, also spelled Abi Chahla; 1902 – 22 March 1957) was a Lebanese politician and public figure, several times member of Parliament. He hailed from an Orthodox family. Abu Shahla had studied at the American University of Beirut and at the University of Paris. He was the minister of justice in 1943 and the minister of education and Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon between 1943 and 1945 and the speaker of the Lebanese Parliament between 1946 and 1947.

A street bears his name and a statue of him stands in Beirut.

Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon
The office of Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon (Arabic: نائب رئيس مجلس الوزراء اللبناني, romanized: Nāʼib Raʼīs Majlis al-Wuzarāʼ al-Lubnānī) was formed in 1943. The National Pact stipulates that the Deputy Prime Minister should always be Greek Orthodox Christian.
2020 Aotearoa Music Awards
The 2020 Aotearoa Music Awards was the 54th holding of the annual ceremony, featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. It took place on 15 November 2020 at Spark Arena in Auckland and was hosted by Jesse Mulligan, Sharyn Casey, and Jayden King.

The awards show was broadcast live nationally on The Edge TV from 7pm until 8:30pm, and Three from 8:30pm until 10:30pm.

Previously known as the New Zealand Music Awards, the awards were rebranded in 2020 as the Aotearoa Music Awards.

Aotearoa Music Awards
The Aotearoa Music Awards (formerly the New Zealand Music Awards, and colloquially known as The Tūīs), conferred annually by Recorded Music NZ, honour outstanding artistic and technical achievements in the recording industry. The awards are among the most significant that a group or artist can receive in New Zealand music, and have been presented annually since 1965. The awards show is presented by Recorded Music NZ. A range of award sponsors and media partners support the event each year.
Jaroslav Plašil
Jaroslav Plašil (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslaf ˈplaʃɪl]; born 5 January 1982) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He spent most of his career in France with Monaco and Bordeaux, making 411 Ligue 1 appearances. He played 367 total times for the latter, and captained them to victory in the 2012–13 Coupe de France. He also played two seasons with Osasuna in Spain and one on loan to Catania in Italy.

Plašil earned 103 caps for the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2016. He represented them at four UEFA European Championships and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

2009 Trophée des Champions
The 2009 Trophée des Champions Final was a football match that was played on 25 July 2009. The match was contested between the winners of 2008–09 Coupe de France, En Avant Guingamp, and the 2008–09 Ligue 1 champions, FC Girondins de Bordeaux. The match was played, for the first time, on international soil at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Canada with the objective being to promote French professional football abroad.

Bordeaux captured their 3rd Trophée des Champions overall and their second straight after defeating Guingamp 2–0 with goals from the Argentine Fernando Cavenaghi in the 39th minute and the Brazilian Fernando Menegazzo in the 90th minute.
49th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)
The 49th Division(Chinese: 第49师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 31st Brigade, 11th Column of PLA Zhongyuan Field Army. Its history could be traced to Independent Brigade of Jiluyu Military District formed in June 1946.

The division was part of 17th Corps. Under the flag of 49th division it took part in the Chinese Civil War.

In January 1950 the division inactivated and merged with Xingren Military Sub-district.

As of early 1951 division was composed of:

145th Regiment;

146th Regiment;

147th Regiment.

Second Field Army
The Second Field Army (第二野战军), initially known as the Central Plains Field Army (中原野战军) or the Liu-Deng Army, was a major military formation of the Chinese Communist Party during the last stages of the Chinese Civil War.

The Second Field Army took control of PLA troops in central China, with Liu Bocheng as commander and Deng Xiaoping as commissar. It comprised three armies: the 3rd Army (10th, 11th Corps, and 12th Corps) 4th Army (13th, 14th, and 15th Corps), and 5th Army (16th, 17th Corps and 18th Corps), plus a special technical column, and totalled 128,000 men. After 1949, the Second Field Army was stationed in southwest China and controlled five provinces - Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xikang, and Tibet.

The 15th Army ("Corps") was transferred to the Second Field Army in 1950.
Isaac de Forcade de Biaix
Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaak de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaac von Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaac von Forcade, aka Peter Isaac von Forcade, aka Isaak von Forcade (c. 1703, in Pau, Béarn – 21 January 1775, in Potsdam, Prussia), was a Kingdom of Prussia colonel, Hofmarschall to the Prince of Prussia and recipient of Prussia's highest military order of merit for heroism, Knight of the Order of Pour le Mérite. He was a descendant of the noble family of Forcade in Béarn, born as a Catholic, but emigrated to Brandenburg-Prussia at a young age, where he joined the Huguenot community in Berlin.

He is referred to in some historical sources as Isaac Quirin von Forcade, Marquis de Biaix, As with his uncle and first cousin, there is no evidence that he was ever a Marquis. Biaix was never, at any time in its history, a marquisate, but instead a noble manor in Pau (see also Manorialism).

Rose (heraldry)
The rose is a common device in heraldry.  It is often used both as a charge on a coat of arms and by itself as an heraldic badge. The heraldic rose has a stylized form consisting of five symmetrical lobes, five barbs, and a circular seed. The rose is one of the most common plant symbols in heraldry, together with the lily, which also has a stylistic representation in the fleur-de-lis.

The rose was the symbol of the English Tudor dynasty, and the ten-petaled Tudor rose  (termed a double rose) is associated with England. Roses also feature prominently in the arms of the princely House of Lippe and on the seal of Martin Luther.
Gmina Świedziebnia
Gmina Świedziebnia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Świedziebnia, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Brodnica and 64 km (40 mi) east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 103.83 square kilometres (40.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,116 (5,209 in 2011).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Górzno-Lidzbark Landscape Park.

Brodnica County
Brodnica County (Polish: powiat brodnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Brodnica, which lies 58 km (36 mi) north-east of Toruń and 95 km (59 mi) east of Bydgoszcz. The county also contains the towns of Jabłonowo Pomorskie, lying 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Brodnica, and Górzno, 18 km (11 mi) east of Brodnica.

The county covers an area of 1,038.79 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 78,935, out of which the population of Brodnica is 28,788, that of Jabłonowo Pomorskie is 3,754, that of Górzno is 1,366, and the rural population is 45,027.

The county includes part of the protected area known as Brodnica Landscape Park.
Vyacheslav Makarov
Vyacheslav Makarov (Russian: Вячеслав Серафимович Макаров; born 7 May 1955) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma. In 1984, Makarov was granted a Candidate of Sciences in History degree.

In September 2003, Makarov was elected deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg. In 2005, he was elected deputy secretary of the political council of the regional branch of the United Russia party in St. Petersburg. In 2007 and 2016, Makarov was re-elected for the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg of the 4th and 6th convocations. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

On 24 March 2022, the United States Treasury sanctioned him in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg
The Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Законода́тельное собра́ние Санкт-Петербу́рга, ЗакС, romanized: Zakonodátel'noe sobránie Sankt-Peterbúrga, ZakS) is the regional parliament of Saint Petersburg, a federal subject (federal city) of Russia. It was established in 1994, succeeding the Leningrad Council of People's Deputies (Lensovet).

It is a permanent body, and the supreme and only governing body in St Petersburg. It is located in the Mariinsky Palace. Its powers and duties are defined in the Charter of Saint Petersburg.
Finnentrop–Freudenberg railway
The Bigge Valley Railway (German: Biggetalbahn) is a 24-kilometre-long, single-tracked branch line from Finnentrop station via Attendorn and Olpe to Freudenberg in western Germany. It is non-electrified and the section of line from Olpe to Freudenberg is now closed. The section between Olpe and Finnentrop is regularly worked by local railway passenger services (SPNV). The line runs from Finnentrop to Wenden in the valley of the River Bigge.

From Finnentrop to Olpe the Bigge Valley Railway is operated as Route no. 442.

Attendorn
The Hanseatic town of Attendorn (German pronunciation: [ˈatn̩dɔʁn] ⓘ) is a medium-sized district town in North Rhine-Westphalia in the Olpe district in the southern Sauerland region with 25,089 inhabitants. It is known nationwide for the Atta Cave and Lake Bigge. Since March 19, 2012, Attendorn has been officially allowed to use the title “Hanseatic town.”
Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans
Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans  is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacteria from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a field with Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees in Okcheon County in Korea.

Chryseobacterium
Chryseobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Chryseobacterium species are chemoorganotrophic, rod shape gram-negative bacteria. Chryseobacterium form typical yellow-orange color colonies due to flexirubin-type pigment. The genus contains more than 100 described species from diverse habitats, including freshwater sources, soil, marine fish, and human hosts.
Kumpo
The Kumpo is one of three traditional figures (along with Samay, and the Niasse) in the mythology of the Diola people in the Casamance (Senegal) and in Gambia.

Multiple times in the course of the year, i.e. during the Journées culturelles, a folk festival in the village is organized. The Samay invites the people of the village to participate with the festivity.

The Kumpo is dressed with palm leaves and wears a stick on his head. At the start of the dance, a young lady binds a colored flag on the stick. She dances for hours with the stick and the flag on the head. He speaks a private, secret language and communicates through an interpreter with the spectators.

Casamance
Casamance is the area of Senegal south of the Gambia, including the Casamance River. It consists of the Lower Casamance (Basse Casamance, Baixa Casamança—i.e. Ziguinchor Region) and the Upper Casamance (Haute Casamance, Alta Casamança—i.e. Kolda and Sédhiou Regions). The largest city of Casamance is Ziguinchor.
Pistol Grip
Pistol Grip is an American street punk band, formed in Walnut, California in 1997. Their sound has been described as a mixture of the UK and LA styles of punk fused with anti-religious and quasi-political lyrics. The band built up a strong local following through playing shows with The Adicts, Agnostic Front, The Generators, Youth Brigade and The Unseen. Their first release was a split album with fellow LA street punk band Fully Loaded. The album caught the attention of BYO Records, who signed the band in 2001.

Youth Brigade (band)
Youth Brigade is an American hardcore punk band formed in Hollywood, Los Angeles, in 1980 by brothers Mark, Adam, and Shawn Stern. The band then founded BYO (Better Youth Organization). Many later punk bands cite Youth Brigade as an influence, including The Nation of Ulysses and The Briefs.

Youth Brigade have released five studio albums including one released as The Brigade. Four of their five albums feature the band's original lineup, Mark, Adam, and Shawn Stern. Bassist Bob Gnarly replaced Adam for the recording of 1985's The Dividing Line, released as The Brigade. Adam returned in 1991 when the band reunited) and contributed to the band's 1992 EP Come Again and their next two albums Happy Hour and To Sell the Truth before leaving again in 2007. Youth Brigade continue to tour, although other than six tracks on the 1999 album BYO Split Series Volume II, they have not released a full-length studio album since To Sell the Truth in 1996.
Jean Kleyn
Jean Kleyn (born 26 August 1993) is a South African professional rugby union player who plays as a lock for Irish United Rugby Championship club Munster and the South Africa national team. He came on as a replacement during South Africa’s 2023 World Cup win vs New Zealand.

Kleyn played five times for Ireland in 2019, having qualified by residency. He subsequently changed his national affiliation and made his debut for  South Africa in 2023.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Prince Heinrich of Liechtenstein
Prince Heinrich of Liechtenstein (Prince Heinrich Aloys Maria Joseph; 21 June 1877 – 16 August 1915) was the fourth son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein and uncle of Franz Joseph II.

He was a member of the Austro-Hungarian Army and was killed in action in Warsaw on 16 August 1915 during the Russian Great Retreat. He is the highest member of the House of Liechtenstein to have been killed in action.

Prince Heinrich remained unmarried with no issue.

Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Franz Joseph II (Franz Josef Maria Alois Alfred Karl Johannes Heinrich Michael Georg Ignaz Benediktus Gerhardus Majella; 16 August 1906 – 13 November 1989) was the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein from 25 July 1938 until his death in November 1989.

Franz Joseph was the son of Prince Alois of Liechtenstein and Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria. He succeeded his childless grand-uncle, Prince Franz I, after his father renounced his right of succession in his favour in 1923. He was an extremely popular sovereign in Liechtenstein. He was the first ruling prince to live full-time in the principality. He also oversaw the economic development of Liechtenstein from a poor agricultural backwater into one of the richest countries (per capita) in the world.
Alternative liability
Alternative liability is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to shift the burden of proving causation of their injury to multiple defendants, even though only one of them could have been responsible. The leading case showing the principle of alternative liability in action is Summers v. Tice, where the two defendants negligently shot in the direction of the plaintiff and two pellets caused the plaintiff's injury, one in the right eye and one in the upper lip. In the interests of justice, the innocent plaintiff's case is not defeated because they cannot prove which party was the actual cause (but-for cause) of their injury.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Gator Country
Gator Country was an American Southern rock band formed in Davie, Florida, in 2005 by several ex-members of the Southern rock group Molly Hatchet.  The band, founded by vocalist Jimmy Farrar, guitarist Duane Roland, drummer Bruce Crump, guitarist Steve Holland, and bassist Riff West took its name from the title of the hit song, "Gator Country".

In 2006, Gator Country, led by vocalist Jimmy Farrar, continued to perform popular songs such as "Beatin' The Odds", "Bounty Hunter" as well as "Oh Atlanta".

Southern rock
Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitars and vocals.