hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ronald Davidson
Ronald Anstuther Davidson Sr (July 13, 1899 – July 28, 1965) was an American screenwriter, story editor and associate producer.

Born in Arizona and reared in Los Angeles, he was the son of Dr. Anstruther Davidson and author Alice Jane Merritt. He married his wife, Anita Merle (Collins) Davidson, in 1937.

Graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, where he was a member of Sigma Pi and Phi Beta Kappa fraternities, he began his career as a short story writer.

Davidson worked on some feature films for Republic Studios as well as several highly successful movie serials, and was appointed their movie serials Story Editor in 1943. He also wrote for TV, films and serials, and was associate producer on several productions. He was a member of the Screen Writers Guild.

Ronald Davidson Sr died on July 28, 1965, in San Diego, California, a few days past his 66th birthday.

The Purple Monster Strikes
The Purple Monster Strikes is a 1945 Republic Movie serial.  It was also released as a Century 66 television film under the title D-Day on Mars (1966).

The original production title for the serial was The Purple Shadow Strikes. The sequel to this serial was the 1950 Flying Disc Man from Mars, which used much of the footage from the original.
Katharina Kern
Katharina "Käthe" Kern (22 July 1900 – 16 April 1985) became a German anti-government activist during the Hitler years. After 1945 she quickly emerged as a senior politician and party loyalist in the Soviet occupation zone (after October 1949 the German Democratic Republic / East Germany). She served between 1946 and 1985 as a member of what became the powerful Party Central Committee. A long-standing leading figure in the Ministry for the Health Service), she also served, between 1949 and 1970, as head of the national "Mother and Child department" ("Hauptabteilung Mutter und Kind").

German People's Council
The German People's Council (German: Deutscher Volksrat) was a consultative body in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany that operated in 1948–1949. The main task of the People's Council was to draw up a constitution on the basis of a draft presented by the SED in 1946.
Upazila Nirbahi Officer
An Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO) is the chief executive officer of an upazila (subdistrict) and a mid-level officer of the Bangladesh Civil Service (administration cadre), known as Bangladesh Administrative Service. A senior assistant secretary is usually assigned to this post.

UNO works as chief executive officer of an upazila parishad for executing all decisions taken by the upazila parishad and ensuring financial disciplines of the funds of upazila parishad and representative of the government of Bangladesh in the upazila level for performing retained activities to the government of Bangladesh, non-transferred and controlling activities.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Viet Cong and People's Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War
Murder, kidnapping, torture and intimidation were a routine part of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) operations during the Vietnam War. They were intended to liquidate opponents such as officials, leaders, military personnel, civilians who collaborated with the South Vietnamese government, erode the morale of South Vietnamese government employees, cow the populace and boost tax collection and propaganda efforts.: 2–63  : 270–9

Quy Nhon
Quy Nhon (Vietnamese: Quy Nhơn [kʷī ɲə̄ːŋ] ⓘ) was a coastal city in Bình Định province in central Vietnam. It was composed of 16 wards and five communes with a total of 286 km2 (110 sq mi). Quy Nhon was the capital of the former Bình Định province. As of 2022, its population was 481,110. Historically, the commercial activities of the city focused on agriculture and fishing. However, there had been a significant shift towards service industries and tourism since the 2010s. There was also a substantial manufacturing sector.

On 1 July 2025, Quy Nhơn ceased to exist as a municipal city following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.
The Long Valley
The Long Valley is a collection of short fiction by John Steinbeck. Most of the stories appeared originally in literary periodicals, and were first collected by Viking Press in 1938.

Ranked among Steinbeck's "finest and best-known" fiction, these are among the most frequently anthologized of Steinbeck's stories, widely read by university undergraduates and high school students.
Author and social critic Andre Gide declared that several stories in The Long Valley "equaled or surpassed" those of Russian author Anton Chekhov.

"The Murder" and "The Promise" were selected for the O. Henry Prize anthology for short fiction in 1934 and 1938, respectively.

Pascal Covici
Pascal Avram "Pat" Covici (November 4, 1885–October 14, 1964) was a Romanian Jewish-American book publisher and editor, best known for his close associations with authors such as John Steinbeck, Saul Bellow, and many more noted American literary figures, mainly through his position at Viking Press.
Albatross (Big Wreck album)
Albatross is the third studio album by Canadian rock  band Big Wreck. It is the band's first album since their 2001 release The Pleasure and the Greed, and the first without original members Dave Henning and Forrest Williams, but the first to feature long-time bass guitarist Dave McMillan. The drums on the record were performed by session musician Christopher Henry. Drummer Brad Park played on the following tour. The album was released on March 6, 2012.

In 2012, the album won the CASBY Award for "Favourite New Album". The album was nominated for Rock Album of the Year at the 2013 Juno Awards.

In 2025, the band were selected as Canada's Record Store Day ambassadors for the year, and announced a deluxe anniversary reissue of the album, which saw its first ever vinyl pressing and features several previously unreleased songs.

The Pleasure and the Greed
The Pleasure and the Greed is the second studio album by Canadian-American rock band Big Wreck and the last released before their break-up. In April 2001, the band made seven songs from the album available for download on their website. On April 30, the band released the lead single from the album, "Inhale", which achieved notable radio airplay in Canada. Songs "Ladylike" and "Knee Deep" were also released as singles and music videos were released for each of them. The song "Breakthrough" features Myles Kennedy, the now-former frontman for The Mayfield Four and the current frontman for Alter Bridge. The album was released on June 5, 2001, and debuted at #10 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 7,408 copies in its first week.

Nickelback has covered Mistake many times in the past including appearing on the Live at Home film but is commonly mistaken as an original Nickelback songs amongst fans.
Tropic Shale
The Tropic Shale is a Mesozoic geologic formation. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including Nothronychus graffami.
The Tropic Shale is a stratigraphic unit of the Kaiparowits Plateau of south central Utah. It was first named in 1931, after the town of Tropic, Utah, where the type section is located. The Tropic Shale outcrops in Kane and Garfield counties, with large sections of exposure found in the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument.

Cold seep
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where seepage of fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbons occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. Cold does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than that of the surrounding sea water; on the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher. The "cold" is relative to the very warm (at least 60 °C or 140 °F) conditions of a hydrothermal vent. Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species.

Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps.
Cloforex
Cloforex (Oberex) is an anorectic of the amphetamine class. It is a prodrug to chlorphentermine. It never became a mass produced drug in part due to the side effects found in mice. Mice who consumed 75 mg of cloforex a day experienced weight loss along with pulmonary hypertension and hair loss.

Anorectic
An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desire to eat. The understanding of anorexiant effects is crucial in the development of interventions for weight management, eating disorders, and related health concerns. The anorexiant effect can be induced through diverse mechanisms, ranging from hormonal regulation to neural signaling. Ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY are among the hormones involved in appetite control. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system contribute significantly to the regulation of food intake.

By contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic.

The term is (from the Greek ἀν- an- 'without' and ὄρεξις órexis 'appetite'), and such drugs are also known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant.
Red Sea State
Red Sea State (Arabic: ولاية البحر الأحمر, Wilāyat al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar) is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It covers an area of about, 218,887 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.48 million. The state borders Egypt to the north, River Nile State to the west, Kassala State to the south, Eritrea to the southeast, and the Red Sea to the east. Its capital and largest city is Port Sudan, which serves as Sudan's main seaport and handles around 90% of the country's international trade, making the state Sudan's only maritime outlet to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. Much of Sudan's coastline lies within Red Sea State, giving it strategic and economic importance, and more than half of its population lives in urban areas. Sudan also claims the Halaib Triangle on the northern frontier as part of Red Sea State, although the area is administered by Egypt and remains the subject of an ongoing territorial dispute.

Kassala State
Kassala (Arabic: ولاية كسلا, called Ash Sharqiyah during 1991–1994) is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It has an area of 36,710 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,519,071 in 2018. Kassala is the capital of the state. Towns in the state of Kassala include Aroma, Hamashkoraib, Halfa el Jadida (New Halfa), Khashm el Girba and Telkuk.

In 2016, Kassala State suffered a severe bread shortage.
International Socialist Left
The International Socialist Left (German: internationale sozialistische linke, isl) was a Trotskyist group in Germany. The isl was an organizational descendant of the International Marxist Group (GIM). It was one of two factions that form the German section of the Fourth International was affiliated with the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP).

Along with co-producing the VsP's newspaper Sozialistische Zeitung, the isl worked with the Revolutionary Socialist League (the other part of the German section) and groups in Austria and Switzerland to produce Inprekorr, the German-language magazine of the Fourth International.

In December 2016, the ISL and the RSB announced that they had merged to form the new International Socialist Organisation.

Fourth International (post-reunification)
The Fourth International (FI), founded in 1938, is a Trotskyist international.

Following a ten-year schism, in 1963 the majorities of the two public factions of the Fourth International, the International Secretariat of the Fourth International (ISFI) and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) reunited.

In 2003, the United Secretariat was replaced by an Executive Bureau and an International Committee, although some other Trotskyists still refer to the organisation as the USFI or USec.
Money Can't Buy
Money Can't Buy was a one-off, 75-minute concert show held on 15 November 2003 at the Carling Apollo in London to promote Australian singer Kylie Minogue's ninth studio album Body Language (2003). Its title alludes to the fact that tickets were not for sale and limited to invited guests and competition winners. The total cost of staging the concert was £1 million. William Baker and Alan MacDonald served as creative and art directors, respectively, while Michael Rooney and Steve Anderson worked on the choreography and musical arrangements.

Minogue primarily performed tracks from Body Language during the show, although previously released singles were also included in the setlist. The concert was streamed live on AOL.com and broadcast on television channels ITV1 and Network Ten a few days later. It was released as a DVD, entitled Body Language Live, on 12 July 2004.

Je t'aime... moi non plus
"Je t'aime... moi non plus" (French for 'I love you... me neither') is a 1967 song written by Serge Gainsbourg for Brigitte Bardot. In 1969, Gainsbourg recorded the best-known version as a duet with British actress Jane Birkin. Although this version topped the charts in Birkin's native United Kingdom, the first foreign-language song to do so, and number two in Ireland, it was banned in several countries because of its overtly sexual content. In 1976 Gainsbourg directed Birkin in an erotic film of the same name.
Alma, Prince Edward Island
46°51′40″N 64°06′32″W﻿ / ﻿46.861°N 64.109°W﻿ / 46.861; -64.109
Alma is a settlement in Prince Edward Island.

It is an unincorporated area located in Prince County in the western portion of Prince Edward Island, northwest of Alberton. Its precise location is N 46°52', W 64°07'.

Alberton, Prince Edward Island
Alberton is a Canadian town located in Prince County, Prince Edward Island.  It is situated in the western part of the county in the township of Lot 5.

Alberton is a service centre for local fishing and farming communities, and is adjacent to the community and harbour of Northport.
Fuzzy (composer)
Jens Vilhelm Pedersen, also known as Fuzzy, (23 February 1939 – 13 October 2022) was a Danish composer and musician. A student of Per Nørgård, Karlheinz Stockhausen, György Ligeti, and Jan Bark, he taught music history and theory at the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus until 1978.

His music spanned a wide range of genres from jazz, over film music, to experimental electronic music.

In 1972, he composed the music for the Rainer Werner Fassbinder TV series Eight Hours Don't Make a Day under the pseudonym Jean Gepoint.

Fuzzy died on 13 October 2022, at the age of 83.

Per Nørgård
Per Nørgård (pronounced [ˈpʰɛɐ̯ ˈnɶɐ̯ˌkɒˀ]; 13 July 1932 – 28 May 2025) was a Danish composer and music theorist. Though his style varied considerably throughout his career, his music often included repeatedly evolving melodies, in the vein of Jean Sibelius, and a perspicuous focus on lyricism. He based music on "infinity series" and other mathematical models. He composed large-scale works, eight symphonies including the choral Third, concertos and operas such as Gilgamesh. His chamber music includes ten string quartets and music for guitar. Some later works were inspired by the art of Adolf Wölfli.

The composer Julian Anderson called Nørgård's style "one of the most personal in contemporary music". Nørgård received several awards, including the 2016 Ernst von Siemens Music Prize.
People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic
The People's Council (Russian: Народный Совет, romanized: Narodny Sovet), formerly the Supreme Council (Russian: Высший Совет, romanized: Vysshy Sovet), is the regional parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic, a disputed entity annexed as a federal subject by Russia from Ukraine in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Regional parliaments of Russia
The regional parliaments of Russia are the regional legislatures in the federal subjects of Russia (republics, krais, oblasts, autonomous oblasts and federal cities), which have different names but are often collectively referred to as regional parliaments.

The federal structure of Russia includes 85 regional parliaments. The largest regional parliament is the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which consists of 110 deputies, while the smallest one is the Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, which consists of 15 deputies. Currently, deputies in the regional parliaments are elected for five-year terms.
Scorpaenoidei
Scorpaenoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes, part of the order Perciformes, that includes the scorpionfishes, lionfishes, stonefishes, sea robins and flatheads. This suborder is at its most diverse in the Pacific and Indian Oceans but is also found in the Atlantic Ocean.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.
Belfast, Prince Edward Island
Belfast is a rural municipality in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located in southeastern Queens County in the townships of Lot 57 and Lot 58.

Situated on the island's south shore along the Northumberland Strait, Belfast is predominantly an agricultural area.

Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island
Wood Islands is a rural farming and fishing community located in southeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island on the Northumberland Strait. It takes its name from several small forested islands, then located several hundred metres offshore in the Northumberland Strait. The community of Wood Islands falls within the larger PEI Township of Lot 62, which had a population in 2011 of 470 residents, a 13% decrease from the 2006 census count of 540. While the named islands are located on maps by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin: Karte Bellin, 1744: 'I a Bova' and Louis Franquet: Cartes Franquet, 1751: 'Isle a Bois', it was Samuel Johannes Holland who correctly surveyed and depicted the islands, about their basin.  The 'European' settlement of Wood Islands began in 1803, but saw its most noted arrivals in 1807 with the arrival, after wintering in Pinette, of a large party of Scottish settlers from the Spencer.
Boaz ben Jehoshaphat
Boaz ben Jehoshaphat (Hebrew: בעז בן יהושפט) was the son of Jehoshaphat ben Josiah and the great-great-grandson of Anan ben David. He lived in Iraq during the mid ninth century. As the direct lineal heir of Anan, Boaz was nasi and resh galuta of the Karaite Jews. He was the father of David ben Boaz.

Nasi (Hebrew title)
Nasi (Hebrew: נָשִׂיא, romanized: nāśī) is a title meaning "prince" in Biblical Hebrew, "Prince [of the Sanhedrin]" in Mishnaic Hebrew. Certain great figures from Jewish history have the title, including Judah ha-Nasi, who was the chief redactor of the Mishnah as well as nasi of the Sanhedrin.

In Modern Hebrew, its meaning has changed to "president".
2014 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois
The 2014 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Blois, France between 9 and 15 June 2014.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Heidi S. Swinton
Heidi Sorensen Swinton (born 1948) is an author, screenwriter and historian who has written several books to accompany historical documentaries created by film-maker Lee Groberg. She also wrote a biography of Thomas S. Monson and a biographical essay on Lorenzo Snow.

Lee Groberg
Lee B. Groberg (born 1951) is a documentary filmmaker and Latter-day Saint. Many of his films focus on Latter-day Saint history, while others focus on Utah history or the Olympics.

Groberg was born and raised in Farr West, Utah.

His first films were industrial films made for such organizations as Nu Skin.  His first documentary was Winter: the St. Paul/Sapporo connection.  In 1991 he made American Gunmaker: The John M. Browning Story.  Many of Groberg's films have had T. C. Christensen as the cinematographer.  Later, Mark Goodman became the main cinematographer working with Groberg. Groberg also made a documentary about the Roots of Knowledge stained glass installation at Utah Valley University.

Groberg and his wife Jeanene live in Bountiful, Utah.  They are the parents of seven children.
Tornesch
Tornesch (German pronunciation: [ˈtɔʁnɛʃ] ⓘ; Low German: Torneesch) is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 7 km (4 mi) southeast of Elmshorn, and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Hamburg.  Tornesch is also the home of the Klaus-Groth-Schule, named after the German poet Klaus Groth.  It is also home to the Fritz-Reuter-Schule, named after German writer Fritz Reuter.

Elmshorn
Elmshorn (German pronunciation: [ɛlmsˈhɔʁn] ⓘ; Low German: Elmshoorn) is a town in the district of Pinneberg in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. It is 30 km north of Hamburg on the small river Krückau, a tributary of the Elbe, and with about 50,000 inhabitants is the sixth-largest town in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the birthplace of writer and editor Hermann Schlüter (1851–1919), the mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885–1955) and the medievalist Heinz Woehlk (1944- ).
Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan
The Japanese honours system is a system implemented for rewarding awards to Japanese and non-Japanese persons for their achievements and service to Japan. The Emperor is the head of the honors system in Japan.

Established during the 1870s shortly after the Meiji Restoration, it was modelled on European systems of orders and decorations. The first order, the Imperial Order of Meiji, was established in 1875, and was later renamed as the Order of the Rising Sun.

Cabinet Office (Japan)
The Cabinet Office (内閣府, Naikaku-fu) (CAO) is an agency of the Cabinet of Japan. It is responsible for handling the day-to-day affairs of the Cabinet.

The Cabinet Office is formally headed by the Prime Minister.