hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bezitramide
Bezitramide is an opioid analgesic. Bezitramide itself is a prodrug which is readily hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to its active metabolite, despropionyl-bezitramide. Bezitramide was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1961. It is most commonly marketed under the trade name Burgodin.

The drug was pulled from the shelves in the Netherlands in 2004 after fatal overdose cases, including one where a five-year-old child took one tablet from his mother's purse, ate it, and promptly died.

Bezitramide is regulated much the same as morphine in all known jurisdictions and is a Schedule II substance under the United States' Controlled Substances Act of 1970, with an ACSCN of 9800 and zero annual manufacturing quota.  However, as of May 2021, it has never been marketed in the United States.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
ISO 3166-2:FI
ISO 3166-2:FI is the entry for Finland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Finland, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 19 regions (under six Regional State Administrative Agencies plus Åland).

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is FI, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Finland. The second part is two digits.

Åland (Finnish: Ahvenanmaan maakunta; Swedish: Landskapet Åland), an autonomous region of Finland (also a former province), is also officially assigned its own country code in ISO 3166-1, with alpha-2 code AX.

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Umm al-Fahm
Umm al-Fahm (Arabic: أمّ الفحم pronunciationⓘ, Umm al-Faḥm; Hebrew: אוּם אֶל-פַחֶם Um el-Faḥem) is a city located 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Jenin in the Haifa District of Israel. In 2023 its population was 59,319, nearly all of whom are Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel. The city is situated on the Umm al-Fahm mountain ridge, the highest point of which is Mount Iskander (522 metres (1,713 feet) above sea level), overlooking Wadi Ara. Umm al-Fahm is the social, cultural and economic center for residents of the Wadi Ara and Triangle regions.

Jezreel Valley
The Jezreel Valley (Biblical Hebrew: עמק יזרעאל, romanized: ʿĒmeq Yizrəʿēl, LXX Koine Ιεζραελ), or Marj ibn Amir (Arabic: مرج ابن عامر, romanized: Marj ibn ʿĀmir, lit. 'Meadow of ibn Amir') is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands of the Lower Galilee, to the south by the highlands of Samaria, to the west and northwest by the Mount Carmel range, and to the east by the Jordan Valley, with Mount Gilboa marking its southern extent. The largest settlement in the valley is the city of Afula, which lies near its center.
1961 in Romania
Events from the year 1961 in Romania. The year saw the creation of the title of President of the State Council for the de facto head of state. The first office holder was Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who was already General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.

President of Romania
The president of Romania (Romanian: Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. The president is directly elected by a two-round system, and, following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, serves for five years. An individual may serve two terms that may be consecutive. During their term in office, the president may not be a formal member of a political party. The president of Romania is the supreme commander of the Romanian Armed Forces.

The office of president was created in 1974 when communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu elevated the presidency of the State Council to a fully fledged executive presidency. It took its current form in stages after the Romanian Revolution, culminating in adopting Romania's current constitution in 1991.

Nicușor Dan is the 6th and current president since 26 May 2025.
Strathclyde Buses
Strathclyde Buses was a bus operator running services in Glasgow and west-central Scotland. The company commenced operations in October 1986 as an 'arms-length' successor to the Strathclyde Regional Council-owned Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive (Strathclyde PTE). In 1996, Strathclyde Buses was taken over by FirstBus, and the company trades today as First Glasgow.

Bus deregulation in Great Britain
Bus deregulation in Great Britain involved the abolition of Road Service Licensing for bus services outside of Greater London. It began in 1980 with long-distance bus services and was extended to local bus services in 1986 under the Transport Act 1985. The abolition of Road Service Licensing removed the public sector's role in fare-setting, routes, and bus frequencies and returned those powers to bus operators.
Humanistic coefficient
A humanistic coefficient (Polish: współczynnik humanistyczny) is a conceptual object, methodological principle, or method of conducting social research wherein data analysis stresses the perceived import of analyzed experiences to their participants. The term was coined by Polish sociologist Florian Znaniecki.

Znaniecki coined the term in Polish in his Wstęp do socjologii (Introduction to Sociology, 1922) and translated it into English as  "humanistic coefficient" in his book, The Object-Matter of Sociology (1927).

Social fact
In sociology, social facts are values, cultural norms, and social structures that transcend the individual and can exercise social control. The French sociologist Émile Durkheim defined the term, and argued that the discipline of sociology should be understood as the empirical study of social facts. For Durkheim, social facts "consist of manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him."
Oblivious (British TV series)
Oblivious is a hidden camera comedy game show that aired on ITV from 14 July to 24 December 2001 and hosted by Davina McCall. It came back as a one-off special on 4 March 2003 entitled Oblivious Popstars.

Hidden camera
A hidden camera or spy camera is a camera used to photograph or record subjects, often people, without their knowledge. The camera may be considered "hidden" because it is not visible to the subject being filmed, or is disguised as another object. Hidden cameras are often considered a surveillance tool.

The term "hidden camera" is commonly used when subjects are unaware that they are being recorded, usually lacking their knowledge and consent; the term "spy camera" is generally used when the subject would object to being recorded if they were aware of the camera's presence. In contrast, the phrase "security camera" refers to cameras that are visible and/or are accompanied by a warning notice of their presence, so the subject is aware of the camera's presence and knows they are being filmed.

The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues. There may be legal aspects to consider, depending on the jurisdiction in which they are used.
Miss Perú 1983
The Miss Perú 1983 pageant was held on June 13, 1983. That year, 16 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winner represented Peru at the Miss Universe 1983 and Miss World 1983. The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants.

Miss Universe 1983
Miss Universe 1983 was the 32nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Kiel Auditorium in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, on 11 July 1983. At the conclusion of the event, Lorraine Downes of New Zealand was crowned by Karen Baldwin of Canada. Eighty contestants competed in this year. This is the first, and so far the only time New Zealand won the pageant.
Buckhorn Wilderness
The Buckhorn Wilderness is a 44,319-acre (17,935 ha) mountainous wilderness area on the northeastern Olympic Peninsula in Washington, USA. Named after Buckhorn Mountain (6,988 ft or 2,130 m), the wilderness abuts the eastern boundary of Olympic National Park which includes nearby Mount Constance (7,756 ft or 2,364 m), Inner Constance (7,667 ft or 2,337 m), Warrior Peak (7,320 ft or 2,230 m), and Mount Deception (7,788 ft or 2,374 m).

Inner Constance
Inner Constance  is a summit of the Olympic Mountains and is located in Jefferson County of Washington state. It is located near the eastern edge of Olympic National Park on the Olympic Peninsula. At 7,670 feet (2,338 m), Inner Constance is the fifth-highest peak of the Olympic Mountains, after Mount Olympus, Mount Deception, Mount Constance, and Mount Johnson. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Constance, 0.9 mi (1.4 km) to the east. Within this nearly mile-wide separation resides a deep glacially carved canyon called "Avalanche Canyon". Precipitation runoff on the north side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Dungeness River, whereas the south side drains into tributaries of the Dosewallips River.
Moghanak-e Sofla
Moghanak-e Sofla (Persian: مغانك سفلي, also Romanized as Moghānak-e Soflá and Moghānak Soflá; also known as Moghānak-e Pā‘īn) is a village in Borborud-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 554, in 111 families.

Borborud-e Sharqi Rural District
Borborud-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان بربرود شرقی) is in Borborud-e Sharqi District of Aligudarz County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Duzan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chaman Soltan, now a city.
Tverrnipa Peak
Tverrnipa Peak (72°15′S 1°19′E﻿ / ﻿72.250°S 1.317°E﻿ / -72.250; 1.317) is a peak, 2,195 m, surmounting the north end of Tverrveggen Ridge in the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Tverrnipa (the transverse peak).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tverrnipa Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Tverrveggen Ridge
Tverrveggen Ridge (72°17′S 1°20′E﻿ / ﻿72.283°S 1.333°E﻿ / -72.283; 1.333) is a prominent ridge which extends southward for 4 nautical miles (7 km) from Tverrbrekka Pass in the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Tverrveggen (the transverse wall).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tverrveggen Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Gleichen, Lower Saxony
Gleichen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlaɪçn̩] ⓘ) is a municipality (in this case, a Gemeinde) in the district of Göttingen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Named after the two castles, Neuen-Gleichen and Alten-Gleichen on the twin peaks in the Gemeinde, it is situated about 10 km southeast of Göttingen, from which the peaks are visible. Its seat is Reinhausen.

Göttingen (district)
Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a district (German: Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Northeim and Goslar, and by the states of Thuringia (district of Eichsfeld) and Hesse (districts of Werra-Meißner and Kassel, and the district-free city of Kassel). The capital is the university city of Göttingen.
Master of the Die
Master of the Die (fl. 1525–1560) was an Italian engraver and printmaker. His year of birth and death are unknown.

The identity of the Master of the Die is uncertain. He was given this name because he signed his prints with a small die (dice). Some theories to the identity of the artist include Benedetto Verino, Marcantonio Raimondi's son Daddi or Dado, Giovanni Francesco Zabello, or Tommaso Vincidor. The artist known as the Master of the Die studied under Marcantonio Raimondi. He worked in the style of Raphael.

Giovanni Francesco Zabello
Giovanni Francesco Zabello (active c. 1546) was an Italian painter and engraver. He was born in Bergamo and eventually moved to Russia to help create many works of art. There he also founded the Russian branch of the Zabello family.
Haval H1
The Haval H1 (formerly the Great Wall Haval M4) is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Chinese manufacturer Great Wall. It was essentially a rebadged and lifted Great Wall Florid, until the second generation which is a rebadged Great Wall Voleex C20R. The Great Wall Haval M4 was renamed to Haval H1 after Great Wall launched Haval into an individual sub-brand in 2013.

Subcompact crossover SUV
Subcompact crossover SUV is an automobile segment used to describe the smallest segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, below the compact crossover SUV. Subcompact crossover SUVs are usually based on a platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car, although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment). The segment started to gain traction during early to mid-2010s when the number of models and sales figures rapidly increased in major markets such as North America and Europe. In 2019, around 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by subcompact crossovers.

The segment is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil where they account for 37 percent, 75 percent, and 69 percent of total SUV sales in 2018 respectively. In 2019, the best selling subcompact crossover was the Honda HR-V, recording 622,154 units being sold worldwide.
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 2021–2024
This is a list of members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, elected at the 2021 state election.

1 Adam Brooks was declared elected as a member for Braddon on 13 May, but on 14 May Peter Gutwein announced he would not be taking his seat due to facing firearms charges interstate. He was replaced by Felix Ellis in a recount on 3 June 2021.

2 Bass MHA Sarah Courtney resigned on 10 February 2022. She was replaced in a recount held on 25 February 2022 by Lara Alexander.

3 Bass MHA Peter Gutwein resigned on 8 April 2022. He was replaced in a recount held on 26 April 2022 by Simon Wood.

4 Franklin MHA Jacquie Petrusma resigned on 25 July 2022. She was replaced in a recount held on 16 August 2022 by Dean Young.

5 Clark MHA Cassy O'Connor resigned on 13 July 2023. She was replaced in a recount held on 1 August 2023 by Vica Bayley.

6 Clark MHA Elise Archer resigned on 4 October 2023. She was replaced in a recount held on 26 October 2023 by Simon Behrakis.

Jacquie Petrusma
Jacqueline Anne Petrusma (née Harper; born 23 March 1966) is an Australian politician. She is a Liberal Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly since 2024, representing the electorate of Franklin, having previously represented the electorate from 2010–2022. Petrusma has served as a minister in the governments of Will Hodgman, Peter Gutwein and Jeremy Rockliff. She currently serves as the 36th Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, having been elected to the position on 19 August 2025.
Palo Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lord's Transfiguration, also known as Transfiguration of Our Lord's Cathedral or simply Palo Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church located at Palo, Leyte, in the Philippines belonging to the Vicariate of Palo under the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palo.

Diocese of Borongan
The Diocese of Borongan (Lat: Dioecesis Boronganensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. Created on October 22, 1960 by Pope John XXIII from territory of the Diocese of Calbayog, the diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Palo.
Fagesia
Fagesia is a small, subglobular ammonite (suborder Ammonitina) belonging to the vascoceratid family of the Acanthocerataceae that lived during the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous, 92–88 Ma ago.

The shell of Fagesia is about 9.5 cm (3.47 in) in diameter, typically with blunt umbilical tubercles from which spring 2 or three ribs each, but which are lost in the late growth stage. The suture is ammonitic with long spikey lobes and saddles with rounded subelements.

Vascoceratidae
The Vascoceratidae is a family of Upper Cretaceous ammonites in the superfamily Acanthoceratoidea characterized by shells that are either smooth or bluntly tuberculate, or have sparse, coarse ribs. Sutural elements are shallow, irregular, and slightly indented, or deep and very indented.  Whorl section and degree of involution vary, even within species.

The Vascoceratidae is a short lived family restricted to the early and middle Turonian stage. Its duration, no more than a few million years. They are derived from the Acanthoceratidae and are the predecessors of the Tissotiidae, which in turn gave rise to the Coilopoceratidae; all taking place in a short time span in the Turonian.
Bismarck Sea
The Bismarck Sea (German: Bismarcksee, pronounced ['bɪsmarkzeː]) lies in the south-western Pacific Ocean within the Papua New Guinean exclusive economic zone. It is located north-east of the island of New Guinea and south of the Bismarck Archipelago. It has coastlines in districts of the Islands Region, Momase Region, and Papua Region.

Islands Region
The New Guinea Islands Region is one of four regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG), comprising the Bismarck Archipelago and north-western Solomon Islands Archipelago, located north-east of New Guinea island (the mainland).

This is the least populous inhabited region of the country with an estimated population of 1,761,841 (approximately 15% of PNG) in 2021.

It is distinct through its prehistory and history, as shown by the prevalence of Austronesian languages, and archeological findings of Lapita pottery culture.
Second Kohl cabinet
Within the politics of Germany, the Second Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl, was sworn in on 30 March 1983 and laid down its function on 11 March 1987. The cabinet was formed after the 1983 elections. It was succeeded by the Cabinet Kohl III, which was formed following the 1987 elections. Starting in June 1986 it was the first West German federal cabinet to have a Minister of the Environment.

1983 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 6 March 1983 to elect the members of the 10th Bundestag. The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament, with Kohl remaining Chancellor.
Night of Speed
The Night of Speed was the rare occurrence when three men set the world record in the 100 metres in the same track meet. On Thursday, June 20, 1968, two semi-final races were held as part of the AAU National Championships at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California.

Mel Pender
Melvin Pender Jr. (born October 31, 1937, in Atlanta, Georgia) competed as a runner in the 1964 and 1968 Olympics, winning an Olympic gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He had been a member of the Philadelphia Pioneer Track Club where he was coached by Alex Woodley, who had coached several other athletes who went on to participate in Olympic events.
Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI (Latin: Urbanus VI; Italian: Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (Italian pronunciation: [bartoloˈmɛːo priɲˈɲaːno]), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death, in October 1389. He was the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avignon Papacy. It was marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and Scotland recognizing Clement VII, based in Avignon, as the true pope.

Ludwig von Pastor
Ludwig Pastor, ennobled as Ludwig von Pastor, Freiherr von Campersfelden (31 January 1854 – 30 September 1928), was a German historian and diplomat for Austria. He became one of the most important Catholic historians of his time and is most notable for his History of the Popes. He was raised to the nobility by the Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1908 and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.
Reality (Smooth album)
Reality is the fourth album by the American R&B singer Smooth. It was released on March 10, 1998, through Perspective Records, and contained production from Chris Stokes and the production duo Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was her first album for Perspective.

Reality peaked at No. 48 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. It peaked at No. 32 on the Top Heatseekers.

The album contained Smooth's biggest hit, "Strawberries", which peaked at No. 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 17 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.

Sounds of Blackness
Sounds of Blackness is a vocal and instrumental ensemble from Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota who perform music from several genres music including gospel, R&B, soul, and jazz. The group scored several hits on the Billboard R&B and Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts in the 1990s. Cynthia Johnson of Lipps Inc. and Ann Nesby are the group's most prominent alumni.
Niccolò Tommaseo
Niccolò Tommaseo (Italian: [nikkoˈlɔ ttommaˈzɛːo]; 9 October 1802 – 1 May 1874) was a Dalmatian Italian linguist, journalist and essayist, the editor of a Dizionario della Lingua Italiana (A Dictionary of the Italian Language) in eight volumes (1861–74), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works. He is considered a precursor of the Italian irredentism.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
New England Glassworks
The New England Glassworks was a short-lived glass-making factory located in Temple, New Hampshire in the 1780s, and one of the first glassworks in the United States.  Founded in 1780 by Robert Hewes, a Boston-based businessman, the glassworks employed Hessian deserters from the British forces of the American Revolutionary War.  The glassworks was established in 1780 and failed due to a lack of financing in 1783.  Its abandoned site was excavated in the 1970s, and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Temple, New Hampshire
Temple is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. Its population was 1,382 at the 2020 census. It is home to Temple Mountain State Reservation, formerly the Temple Mountain Ski Area.