hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interspinous ligament
The interspinous ligaments (interspinal ligaments) are thin, membranous ligaments that connect adjoining spinous processes of the vertebra in the spine. They take the form of relatively weak sheets of fibrous tissue and are well developed only in the lumbar region.

They extend from the root to the apex of each spinous process. They meet the ligamenta flava anteriorly, and blend with the supraspinous ligament posteriorly at the apexes of the spinal processes. The function of the interspinous ligaments is to limit ventral flexion of the spine and sliding movement of the vertebrae.

The ligaments are narrow and elongated in the thoracic region. They are broader, thicker, and quadrilateral in form in the lumbar region. They are only slightly developed in the neck; in the neck, they are often considered part of the nuchal ligament.

Lumbar vertebrae
The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.  These bones are found in particular cuts of meat, including tenderloin or sirloin steak.
Mitsinjo
Mitsinjo is a rural municipality in western Madagascar approximately 70 kilometres south-west of Mahajanga. It belongs to the district of Mitsinjo, which is a part of Boeny Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 19,000 in 2001.

In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels.  The majority 70% of the population works in fishing. 15% are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are maize and rice; also sweet potatoes is an important agricultural product. Services provide employment for 5% of the population.

Mahajanga
Mahajangā [maːˈdzaŋɡə̥] (French: Majunga) is a city and an administrative district on the northwest coast of Madagascar. The city of Mahajanga (Mahajanga I) is the capital of the Boeny Region. The district (identical to the city) had a population of 258,068 in 2020.
Jalsai
Jalsai is an administrative unit, known as Union council of Swabi District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Its boundary touches other union councils as Lahor, Manki and Jalbai. Jalsai is connected to GT road through swabi jehangira road

District Swabi has 4 Tehsils i.e. Swabi Tehsil, Lahor, Topi Tehsil and Razar. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 56 union councils in district Swabi.

Topi Tehsil
Topi is a tehsil of district Swabi in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

It is administratively subdivided into twenty Union Councils, including (1) Topi East, (2) Topi West, (3) Batakara, (4)Zarobai, (5) Kalabat, (6) Kotha, and (8) Maini.
Philosophy in Canada
The study and teaching of philosophy in Canada date from the time of New France. Generally, Canadian philosophers have not developed unique forms of philosophical thought; rather, Canadian philosophers have reflected particular views of established European and later American schools of philosophical thought, be it Thomism, Objective Idealism, or Scottish Common Sense Realism. Since the mid-twentieth century the depth and scope of philosophical activity in Canada has increased dramatically. This article focuses on the evolution of epistemology, logic, the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, ethics and metaethics, and continental philosophy in Canada.

Jonathan Bennett (philosopher)
Jonathan Francis Bennett (17 February 1930 – 31 March 2024) was a philosopher of language and metaphysics, specialist of Kant's philosophy and a historian of early modern philosophy. He had New Zealand citizenship by birth and later acquired UK and Canadian citizenship.
Where Can You Go Without the Little Vice?
Where Can You Go Without the Little Vice? (Italian: Dove vai se il vizietto non ce l'hai?) is a 1979 commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Marino Girolami (under the pseudonym "Franco Martinelli").

The film stars Renzo Montagnani, Alvaro Vitali, Paola Senatore and Mario Carotenuto.

Commedia sexy all'italiana
The commedia sexy all'italiana (Italian: [komˈmɛːdja ˈsɛksi allitaˈljaːna], lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata ("low-cut comedy") or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of the Italian commedia all'italiana film genre.
Ava Everett
Evie Rodgerson (born January 12, 1995), known by her ring name Ava Everett, is an American professional wrestler. She currently competes as a freelancer in Europe and North America, and is best known for her work with Westside Xtreme Wrestling, where she has held the wXw Women's Championship a record three times.

German Wrestling Federation
German Wrestling Federation (GWF) is a professional wrestling promotion which has been founded and is based in Berlin, Germany.

While the promotion has toured through Germany and has held events in Bochum, Rostock, Lübeck, Hennigsdorf and Hamburg among other cities, most of the GWF events are being held at their homebase in Germany.

Aide the monthly events, the German Wrestling Federation also runs a wrestling school in Berlin-Neukölln since 1997. The most famous graduates of this school include Axel Tischer, Ilja Dragunov (who was trained by Tischer), Wesna Busic, Blue Nikita, Jazzy Gabert and Lucky Kid.
Seán Larkin
Seán Larkin (born 1949) is an Irish art curator and art educationist. Having held senior posts at several Irish art institutions, including director of the Dún Laoghaire School of Art and Design, Larkin has worked extensively in Sligo and his native Dublin.

Higher Education and Training Awards Council
The Higher Education and Training Awards Council (Irish: Comhairle na nDámhachtainí Ardoideachais agus Oiliúna) (HETAC), the legal successor to the National Council for Educational Awards (NCEA), granted higher education awards in Ireland beyond the university system from 2001 to 2012. HETAC was created in 2001, subject to the policies of the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland, and, specifically, granted qualifications at many Institutes of Technology and other colleges. HETAC was dissolved and its functions were passed to Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) on 6 November 2012.
555k protests
The 555K protests were the first example of civil disobedience in the history of Turkey. They were organised by students for 5pm on 5 May 1960 in Kızılay, Ankara to protest against the ruling  Democrat Party.

1960 Turkish coup d'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.
Khomustakh, Batagaysky Rural Okrug, Ust-Aldansky District, Sakha Republic
Khomustakh (Russian: Хомустах; Yakut: Хомустаах, Xomustaax) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Batagaysky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 65 kilometers (40 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 542, of whom 261 were male and 281 female, down from 639 as recorded during the 2002 Census.

Borogontsy
Borogontsy (Russian: Борогонцы; Yakut: Бороҕон, Boroğon) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of three settlements, in addition to Myndaba and Tomtor, in Myuryunsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia in addition to being the administrative centre of Myuryunsky Rural Okrug to which the same three settlements are subordinated. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 5,222, down from 5,458 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Alpine Rhine Valley
The Alpine Rhine Valley (German: Alpenrheintal) is a glacial alpine valley, formed by the Alpine Rhine (German: Alpenrhein [ˈalpm̩ʁaɪn] ⓘ), the part of the Rhine between the confluence of the Anterior Rhine and Posterior Rhine at Reichenau and Lake Constance. It covers three countries, with sections of the river demarcating the borders between Austria and Switzerland and between Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The valley is 93 km long. In the upper 9 km stretch, the valley width is 1.5 km with narrow (60 m) incised channel. For the next 71 km, the valley floor varies between 3 and 4 km; on approach to Lake Constance the valley widens up to 15 km.

Hinterrhein (river)
The Hinterrhein (German: [ˈhɪntɐˌʁaɪn] ⓘ; Sutsilvan: Ragn Posteriur; Sursilvan: Rein Posteriur; Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader, and Puter: Rain Posteriur; Surmiran: Ragn posteriour; Italian: Reno Posteriore), or Posterior Rhine, is the right of the two initial tributaries of the Rhine (the other being the  Vorderrhein). It is located in the canton of Grisons (Graubünden), Switzerland. One of its upper tributaries is Reno di Lei, which is the outflow of Lago di Lei located in Lombardy, Italy.

Although it is shorter in length, its volume is larger than that of the Vorderrhein at their confluence near Reichenau, after which the river is called the Alpine Rhine, which flows out into Lake Constance (Bodensee).
Gale College
Gale College (also Galesville University and Marynook) was a private college in Galesville, Wisconsin. It was founded by George Gale, opening in 1854 and closing in 1939. Several religious denominations used the facilities as a college and later as a training school.

Galesville, Wisconsin
Galesville is a city in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2020 census. A dam on Beaver Creek is located at Galesville, forming Lake Marinuka north of the city. The mayor is Vince Howe.
Haverslev
Haverslev is a village, with a population of 797 (1 January 2025), in Rebild Municipality, North Jutland Region in Denmark. It is located 11 km east of Aars, 14 km south of Støvring, 11 km west of Arden and 10 km north of Nørager

Haverslev Church is located in the village.

Arden, Denmark
Arden is a railway town situated in the Himmerland peninsula south of the city of Aalborg in Jutland, Denmark.

Arden was originally named Hesselholt but changed its name when the East Jutland railroad reached the city in the 1870s. Today the town has a population of 2,620 (2025). The town is situated on the southern outskirt of Denmark's largest forest, Rold Skov (Rold Forest). Arden is served by Arden railway station, located on the Randers–Aalborg railway line.
Albota
Albota is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Albota, Cerbu, Frătești, Gura Văii, and Mareș.

The commune is traversed by the DN65 road, which connects Pitești to  Slatina. The Teleorman River has its source in Gura Văii.

Slatina, Romania
Slatina (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈslatina], Bulgarian: Слатина) is the capital city of Olt County, Romania, on the river Olt. It is located in the south of Romania, on the eastern side of the river Olt, in the historical region of Muntenia. The population was 63,487 in 2021; the urban area has around 85,000 inhabitants. It is an important industrial center.

The city administers one village, Cireașov.
JDBC driver
A JDBC driver is a software component enabling a Java application to interact with a database. JDBC drivers are analogous to ODBC drivers, ADO.NET data providers, and OLE DB providers.

To connect with individual databases, JDBC (the Java Database Connectivity API) requires drivers for each database. The JDBC driver gives out the connection to the database and implements the protocol for transferring the query and result between client and database.

JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories.

JDBC-ODBC bridge

Native-API driver

Network-Protocol driver (Middleware driver)

Database-Protocol driver (Pure Java driver) or thin driver.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Arrondissements of the Seine-Maritime department
The 3 arrondissements of the Seine-Maritime department are:

Arrondissement of Dieppe, (subprefecture: Dieppe) with 343 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 232,559 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Le Havre, (subprefecture: Le Havre) with 149 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 383,996 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Rouen, (prefecture of the Seine-Maritime department: Rouen) with 216 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 639,363 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Rouen
The Arrondissement of Rouen is an arrondissement of France in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region. It has 216 communes. Its population is 639,363 (2021), and its area is 1,936.2 km2 (747.6 sq mi).
Joseph Dwenger
Joseph Gregory Dwenger, C.P.P.S (April 7, 1837 – January 22, 1893) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Fort Wayne in Indiana from 1872 to 1893. He was a member of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood.

Plenary Councils of Baltimore
The Plenary Councils of Baltimore were three conferences of American Catholic bishops, archbishops and superiors of religious orders in the United States. The councils were held in 1852, 1866 and 1884 in Baltimore, Maryland.

These three conferences played major roles in the 19th century in the establishment of Catholic education in the United States. They also defined the roles and rules for the church hierarchy, the clergy and Catholic laypeople.
Kong von thom
The kong von thom or kong thom (Khmer: គងធំ) plays a melodic line in the Cambodian pinpeat ensemble almost identical to that of the roneat thung (large xylophone). The kong thom dwells more steadily on the pulse without pulling or delaying the beat (melody). The player uses soft mallets for indoor performance, hard ones for outdoors. The kong von thom is analogous to the khong wong yai used in Thailand.

Roneat thung
The roneat thung or roneat thum (Khmer: រនាតធុង) is a low-pitched xylophone used in the Khmer classical music of Cambodia. It is built in the shape of a curved, rectangular boat. This instrument plays an important part in the Pinpeat ensemble. The roneat Thung is placed on the left of the roneat ek, a higher-pitched xylophone. The Roneat Thung is analogous to the ranat thum of Thai.
Edict of toleration
An edict of toleration is a declaration, made by a government or ruler, and states that members of a given religion will not suffer religious persecution for engaging in their traditions' practices. Edicts may imply tacit acceptance of a state religion.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Kunowsky (lunar crater)
Kunowsky is a small lunar impact crater on the Mare Insularum, in the western half of the Moon's near side. It is named after the German astronomer Georg Karl Friedrich Kunowsky. It lies about one third the distance from Encke to the west-northwest and Lansberg to the east-southeast.

This formation is surrounded by lunar mare, and the interior has been flooded by basaltic lava, leaving only a roughly circular rim projecting above the surface. The rim is slender and sharp-edged, with no significant erosion. Apart from a tiny craterlet at the midpoint of the interior floor, this crater has no other significant features. It does lie in a region of the mare where rays from the craters Kepler to the northwest and Copernicus farther to the northeast.

Lansberg (crater)
Lansberg is a lunar impact crater on the Mare Insularum. It can be located by following a line south-southwest from Copernicus to Reinhold, then southwest to Lansberg. The crater has a high rim and a central mountain. There are terraces along the inner walls, and the tops have slumped to produce a sharp edge. This formation is not noticeably eroded, and there are no significant impact craters within the interior.

The crater is correctly spelled "Lansberg", but has sometimes been written "Landsberg" instead. It is named for the Belgian/Dutch astronomer Philippe van Lansberge.

Lansberg is a crater of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.

Approximately 40 km to the southeast of Lansberg is the landing site of the Luna 5 probe, and a further 60 km in the same direction is the landing site of Surveyor 3 and Apollo 12.
Oregon Catholic Press
Oregon Catholic Press (OCP, originally the Catholic Truth Society of Oregon) is a publisher of Catholic liturgical music based in Portland, Oregon. It published the newspapers Catholic Sentinel and El Centinela; both papers have been discontinued effective October 1, 2022.

Liturgical music
Liturgical music originated as a part of religious ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern. Liturgical music is well known as a part of Catholic Mass, the Anglican Holy Communion service (or Eucharist) and Evensong, the Lutheran Divine Service, the Orthodox liturgy, and other Christian services, including the Divine Office.

The qualities that create the distinctive character of liturgical music are based on the notion that liturgical music is conceived and composed according to the norms and needs of the various historic liturgies of particular denominations.
Wardville, Oklahoma
Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131, 14 miles northeast of Coalgate. As of the 2020 census, Wardville had a population of 53. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Indian Territory. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward.  The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907.  Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge.  The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.

Coalgate, Oklahoma
Coalgate is a city in and the county seat of Coal County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Coalgate had a population of 1,667. The town was founded in 1889 in the Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory as a coal mining camp named Liddle. The name changed to Coalgate on January 23, 1890.
Dihydroxymalonic acid
Dihydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with formula C3H4O6 or HO-(C=O)-C(OH)2-(C=O)-OH, found in some plants such as alfalfa and in beet molasses.

The compound is also called dihydroxymesoxalic acid and dihydroxypropanedioic acid.  It can be viewed as a hydrate derivative of mesoxalic acid, and is often called mesoxalic acid monohydrate and similar names. This compound is unusual in containing stable geminal hydroxy groups.

Dihydroxymalonic acid is a water-soluble white solid.  It crystallizes in deliquescent prisms that melt between 113 °C and 121 °C without loss of water.  It has been used in medical research as a hypoglycemic agent  and was patented in the United States in 1997 as a fast-acting antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Tartronic acid
Tartronic acid or 2-hydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with the structural formula of HOHC(CO2H)2. This dicarboxylic acid is related to malonic acid. It is a white solid. It is produced by oxidation of glycerol:

HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH  +  2 O2   →   HO2CCH(OH)CO2H  +  2 H2O

Glyceric acid HOCH2CH(OH)CO2H is an intermediate.

Its derivative, 2-methyltartronic acid, is isomalic acid.
2017 Use Your Melon. Drive Sober 200
The 2017 Use Your Melon. Drive Sober 200 was the 28th stock car race of the 2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, the second race of the Round of 12, and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 30, 2017, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Ryan Blaney, driving for Team Penske, would dominate for most of the race to win his sixth career NASCAR Xfinity Series victory and his second and final victory of the season. To fill out the podium, Justin Allgaier and William Byron, both driving for JR Motorsports, would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Dover Motor Speedway
Stock car racing events in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series have been held at the Dover Motor Speedway. The track held 2 races annually from 1986 to 2020. The track dropped to one race a year in 2021, as Dover Motorsports gave a race to Nashville Superspeedway, where an annual race is held.
Hyatt E. Covey
Hyatt E. Covey (September 1, 1875 – August 3, 1968) was 15th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1927 to 1929. He was a member of the Republican Party and served with a Democratic Party governor, William J. Bulow. He was from Hamill, South Dakota.

Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota
The lieutenant governor of South Dakota is the second-ranking member of the executive branch of South Dakota state government and also serves as presiding officer of the South Dakota Senate. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the governorship if the office becomes vacant, and may also serve as acting governor if the governor is incapacitated or absent from the state.

Since 1974, the lieutenant governor has been elected on a ticket with the governor. Seven lieutenant governors have gone on to be elected governor in their own right: Charles N. Herreid (1900 & 1902), Frank M. Byrne (1912 & 1914), Peter Norbeck (1916 & 1918), William H. McMaster (1920 & 1922), Carl Gunderson (1924), Nils Boe (1964 & 1966) and Dennis Daugaard (2010 & 2014). Three others succeeded to the office of governor: Harvey L. Wollman, Walter Dale Miller, and Larry Rhoden.

The current lieutenant governor is Tony Venhuizen, since 30 January 2025.