hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Malconvenant
William Malconvenant also known as William Malcovenant (French: Guillaume Malconvenant, Latin: Guillelmus Malconvenant, Arabic: Ghuliyalm Malqumanant:, Italian: Guglielmo Malconvenant) (floruit 1183–1203), was an Italo-Norman baron in Sicily. He was an amiratus (admiral) of the Kingdom of Sicily in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, during the reign of the Hohenstaufen dynasty.

His family, the Malconvenant, originated in Coutances (Normandy), was one of the oldest Norman baronial families in Sicily. William's grandfather seems to have taken part in the conquest of Sicily and, in the division of the spoils, c. 1095, to have been granted the barony of Calatrasi, near Roccamena.

William Malconvenant received the title of amiratus after having served William II of Sicily as regie magne curie magister justiciarius at least from May 1183 through January 1186.

Italo-Normans
The Italo-Normans (Italian: Italo-Normanni), or Siculo-Normans (Siculo-Normanni) when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century. While maintaining much of their distinctly Norman culture and customs of war, French culture also played an important role, they were partly shaped by the diversity of Southern Italy, by the cultures and customs of the Greeks, Lombards, and Arabs in Sicily.
Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda (後宇多天皇, Go-Uda-tennō; 17 December 1267 – 16 July 1324) was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign spanned the years from 1274 through 1287.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Uda and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Uda," or in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Uda, the second" or as "Emperor Uda II."

Bun'ei
Bun'ei (文永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Kōchō and before Kenji.  This period spanned the years from February 1264 to April 1275. The reigning emperor was Kameyama-tennō (亀山天皇).
Audley, Ontario
Audley, known as Brown's Corners until 1857, was an unincorporated village in the Pickering Township of Ontario, Canada. In the mid-19th century, it emerged as a stopover for farmers traveling to the Whitby port, and gradually evolved into a village.

Audley was located around what is now the intersection of Audley Road and Taunton Road in Ajax. In 1974, it became a part of the town of Ajax, and its name survives in Audley North and Audley South neighbourhoods of the town.

Methodist Church (Canada)
The Methodist Church was the major Methodist denomination in Canada from its founding in 1884 until it merged with two other denominations to form the United Church of Canada in 1925. The Methodist Church was itself formed from the merger of four smaller Methodist denominations with ties to British and US Methodist denominations.
2010 Vatican employee sex scandal
The 2010 Vatican employee sex scandal was an incident in March 2010 in which two part-time employees of the Holy See, a consultant who also served as a lay attendant of the pope and another who was a professional member of the Saint Peter's Choir, were reported in the press to be part of a homosexual male prostitution ring. The Catholic Church considers prostitution and homosexual acts to be gravely sinful offenses and the Vatican severed its connections with both men, one of whom had been arrested.

Male prostitution
Male prostitution is a form of sex work consisting of the act or practice of men providing sexual services in return for payment. Although clients can be of any gender, the vast majority are older males looking to fulfill their sexual needs. Male prostitutes have been far less studied than female prostitutes by researchers. Even so, male prostitution has an extensive history, including regulation through homosexuality, conceptual developments on sexuality, and the HIV/AIDS epidemic impact. In the last century, male sex work has seen various advancements such as popularizing new sexual acts, methods of exchange, and carving out a spot in cinema.
Jaclyn Sawicki
Jaclyn Katrina Demis Sawicki (born November 14, 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Calgary Wild in the Northern Super League and the Philippines national team. Born and raised in Canada, she represents the Philippines at the international level, after previously representing Canada at both youth and senior level.

Vancouver Whitecaps FC (women)
The Vancouver Whitecaps FC women was a Canadian soccer club based in Vancouver, British Columbia that played in the USL W-League, the second tier of women's soccer in the United States and Canada. The team was formed in 2001 under the name Vancouver Breakers following a merger of the Vancouver Lady 86ers and Vancouver Angels. In 2003, they changed their name to the Whitecaps to match the men's team.
1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour
The 1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour was the third season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Baltica Brewery Cup, and the Sweden Hockey Games. The games Canada participated in did not count towards the final standings of the tournament.

Czech Hockey Games
The Czech Hockey Games, also sponsored as Betano Hockey Games, is an annual ice hockey event held in Czech Republic. It is part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was previously sponsored as the Pragobanka Cup, Česká Pojišťovna Cup, KAJOTbet Hockey Games, and Carlson Hockey Games.
Omugulugwombashe
17°46′04″S 14°42′11″E﻿ / ﻿17.76778°S 14.70306°E﻿ / -17.76778; 14.70306
Omugulugwombashe (also: Ongulumbashe, official: Omugulu gwOombashe; Otjiherero: giraffe leg) is a settlement in the Tsandi electoral constituency in the Omusati Region of northern Namibia. The settlement features a clinic and a primary school. In 1966, the first battle of the South African Border War was fought in Omugulugwombashe. The government of Namibia erected a monument on the 30th anniversary of the battle in 1996.

Omugulugwombashe is located 22km west of Tsandi, on the D3633 gravel road.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
Sextus Calpurnius Agricola
Sextus Calpurnius Agricola was a Roman senator and general active during the 2nd century. He was consul suffectus with Tiberius Claudius Julianus for the nundinium of September-October 154. Agricola is known primarily from inscriptions.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Ephialtes of Trachis
Ephialtes (/ˌɛfiˈæltiːz/; Greek: Ἐφιάλτης Ephialtēs) was a Greek renegade during the Greco-Persian Wars. Born to Eurydemus (Εὐρύδημος) of Malis, he revealed the existence of a path around the Greek coalition's position at Thermopylae to the Achaemenid Empire. His efforts allowed the Persian army to overrun the Greeks' defensive formation and thereby win the Battle of Thermopylae in September 480 BC. Ephialtes had hoped that he would be rewarded by the Persian king Xerxes I, but no such reward was bestowed upon him and he was instead forced to go into hiding when a bounty was placed on his head by the allied Greeks in their pursuit of punishing his act of treason. According to Herodotus, this bounty was collected by Athenades (Ἀθηνάδης) of Trachis approximately a decade after the second Persian invasion of Greece was repelled; the Spartans paid Athenades although his motivation for carrying out the killing apparently had nothing to do with Ephialtes' status as an outlaw.

Amphictyonic league
In Archaic Greece, an amphictyony (Ancient Greek: ἀμφικτυονία, a "league of neighbors"), or Amphictyonic League, was an ancient religious association of tribes formed before the rise of the Greek polis.

The six Dorian cities of coastal southwest Anatolia and the twelve Ionian cities to their north that formed the Ionian League after a Meliac war in the mid-7th century BC were already of considerable antiquity when the first written records emerged.
Shades of blue
Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.

Spectral color
A spectral color is a color that is evoked by monochromatic light, i.e. either a spectral line with a single wavelength or frequency of light in the visible spectrum, or a relatively narrow spectral band (e.g. lasers). Every wave of visible light is perceived as a spectral color; when viewed as a continuous spectrum, these colors are seen as the familiar rainbow.
Non-spectral colors (or extra-spectral colors) are evoked by a combination of spectral colors.
Presentation of a monoid
In algebra, a presentation of a monoid (or a presentation of a semigroup) is a description of a monoid (or a semigroup) in terms of a set Σ of generators and a set of relations on the free monoid Σ∗ (or the free semigroup Σ+) generated by Σ. The monoid is then presented as the quotient of the free monoid (or the free semigroup) by these relations. This is an analogue of a group presentation in group theory.

As a mathematical structure, a monoid presentation is identical to a string rewriting system (also known as a semi-Thue system). Every monoid may be presented by a semi-Thue system (possibly over an infinite alphabet).

A presentation should not be confused with a representation.

Congruence relation
In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense that algebraic operations done with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements.  Every congruence relation has a corresponding quotient structure, whose elements are the equivalence classes (or congruence classes) for the relation.
Ingleborough
Ingleborough (723 m or 2,372 ft) is the second-highest mountain in the Yorkshire Dales, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks (the other two being Whernside and Pen-y-ghent), and is frequently climbed as part of the Three Peaks walk. A large part of Ingleborough is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserve and is the home of a multi-agency project, Wild Ingleborough, with aims to improve the landscape for wildlife and people.

Triangulation station
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity.

The station is usually set up by a mapping organisation with known coordinates and elevation published. Numerous stations are installed on summits for purposes of visibility and prominence. A graven metal plate on the top of a pillar may provide a mounting point for a theodolite or reflector, often using some form of kinematic coupling to ensure reproducible positioning.
Reinette du Canada
Reinette du Canada or Canada Reinette is an old cultivar of domesticated apple of unknown origin grown in Europe under various names and listed in France as a Canadian apple at least as early as 1771. It is a reinette type of golden apple, with much russeting, which keeps shape in cooking and is mainly used for that purpose especially in apple strudel.

Even today it is considered as the default russet apple of France, and is also known as the Reinette Blanche du Canada and many more names. Reinette Grise du Canada is probably also a sub cultivar of it, but this is not clear.

The fruit is tart and mostly used for cooking if picked early and used quickly; if stored for some time it gets softer and sweeter and is more often recommended for fresh eating. It blossoms approximately three days after the Cox's Orange Pippin.
Typical size: width 83-87 mm, height 59-71 mm, stalk 11-17 mm.

Reinette du Canada is triploid.

S genotype S1 S2 S3

Vitamin C 17 mg/100 gram

Density 0.80

Cox's Orange Pippin
Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox or Cox's Pippins, is an apple cultivar first grown in 1825 or 1830 at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox.

Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown, Ribston Pippin seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent.
Chanakya National Law University
Chanakya National Law University (CNLU) is a public law school and a National Law University in Patna, Bihar, India. It was established in 2006 by the Government of Bihar (Bihar Act 24 of 2006) as a public university dedicated to the field of legal education. The Chief Justice of Patna High Court is the ex officio chancellor of the university. It is one of the autonomous law schools in India. The campus is situated right near the heart of the city in the Mithapur area and has an area of approximately 18 Acres.

NALSAR University of Law
The National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR) is a public law school and a National Law University located in Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

The school was among the first universities to offer a five-year integrated undergraduate law degree, postgraduate law degree and doctorate law degree. It has an intake of around 132 students from a pool of around 100,000 applicants in its undergraduate law programme, with admissions usually offered to students in the top 200 ranks; an acceptance rate of 0.2%.

As of 2025, NALSAR University of Law ranked #3 among law schools in India.
Ion track
Ion tracks are damage-trails created by swift heavy ions penetrating through solids, which may be sufficiently-contiguous for chemical etching in a variety of crystalline, glassy, and/or polymeric solids. They are associated with cylindrical damage-regions several nanometers in diameter and can be studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) or gas permeation.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Clifford Glossop
Clifford William Hudson Glossop (30 June 1901 – 4 July 1975), the son of William Glossop and his wife, Ida Muriel Hudson, was educated at Stanmore Park School and Harrow School.

He was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom who served as a member of parliament (MP) from 1931 to 1935 and from 1945 to 1947.

At the 1931 general election he was elected as member of parliament for Penistone in Yorkshire, defeating the sitting Labour MP as Labour's vote collapsed following the party's split over Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's formation of a National Government. Labour regained the Penistone seat at the 1935 general election.

Glossop was returned to the House of Commons at the 1945 general election as MP for the Howdenshire constituency in East Yorkshire, and held the seat until his resignation in 1947.

He retired to live in Natal, South Africa, and died there. He was buried in the Byrne Settler Cemetery, Richmond District, Natal.

Penistone (UK Parliament constituency)
Penistone was a Parliamentary constituency covering the town of Penistone in Yorkshire and surrounding countryside.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.
Sheela Nagar
Sheela Nagar is a neighborhood in the southern part of Visakhapatnam City, India. It is under the local administrative limits of Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, located about 13 km from the Visakhapatnam Railway Station and about 4 km from the Visakhapatnam Airport.

NAD Kotha Road
NAD Kotha Road, or NAD X Road, is one of the major junctions and commercial centers in Visakhapatnam, India. It is named for the Naval Armament Depot. The Naval Armament Depot and (NSTL) Naval Science and Technological Laboratories is located here.
Leo Zobel
Leo Zobel (28 January 1895 in Nitra – 25 April 1962) was a Slovak chess master.

He won the 7th Czechoslovak Chess Championship at Prague 1931. He also took 12th at Trenčianske Teplice 1928 (Boris Kostić won), tied for 9–10th at Brno 1929 (the 6th CSR-ch, Karel Opočenský won), and tied for 10–11th at Stubňanské Teplice 1930 (Andor Lilienthal won).

Andor Lilienthal
Andor (André, Andre, Andrei) Arnoldovich Lilienthal (5 May 1911 – 8 May 2010) was a Hungarian and Soviet chess player. In his long career, he played against ten male and female world champions, beating Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, and Vera Menchik.

At the time of his death, he was the oldest living grandmaster (since surpassed by Yuri Averbakh), and the last surviving person from the original group of grandmasters awarded the title by FIDE in 1950.
Strate School of Design
Strate School of Design (formerly known as Strate College) is a French private institution for technical education founded in 1993. Its main campus is in Sèvres south-west of Paris. It is dedicated to the teaching of industrial design, 3D modeling and design thinking. The school is recognized by the French state and its design degree is certified by the French Ministry of Higher Education.

Grenoble School of Management
Grenoble Ecole de Management (GEM) is a French graduate business school or Grande Ecole, founded in 1984 in Grenoble, in the Auvergne-Rhone Alpes region by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) of Grenoble.

The school was ranked the twelfth best French business schools in 2023.
(89958) 2002 LY45
(89958) 2002 LY45 (provisional designation 2002 LY45) is an asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group that is also a Mercury-crosser, Venus-crosser, and Mars-crosser. It was discovered by the LINEAR program on 14 June 2002.

Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005. As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets. The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.
Lee Chung-hee (swimmer)
Lee Chung-Hee (also Lee Chung-Hui, Korean: 이충희; born April 25, 1981) is a South Korean former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. He is a sixth-place finalist in the 50 m freestyle, when his nation South Korea hosted the 2002 Asian Games in Busan.

Lee qualified for two swimming events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by eclipsing FINA B-standard entry times of 22.95 (50 m freestyle) and 51.84 (100 m freestyle) from the Dong-A Swimming Tournament in Seoul. In the 100 m freestyle, Lee challenged seven other swimmers on the third heat, including Olympic veteran Carl Probert of Fiji. He shared a second seed and forty-fifth place tie with Panama's Ismael Ortiz in 51.74. In his second event, 50 m freestyle, Lee placed thirty-fifth overall on the morning's preliminaries. Swimming in heat seven, he picked up a fourth spot by 0.15 of a second behind Serbia and Montenegro's Milorad Čavić in 23.05.

Milorad Čavić
Milorad "Milo" Čavić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милорад "Мило" Чавић, Serbian pronunciation: [mîloraːd tʃǎːʋitɕ]; born May 31, 1984) is a Serbian former professional swimmer. He won a silver medal in the 100-meter butterfly at the 2008 Summer Olympics in a historic race with American swimmer Michael Phelps. Čavić also was World and European champion, as well as world record holder. He is one of seven swimmers to break 50 seconds  in the 100m butterfly.
John King (California politician)
John King was an American politician who was president of the Los Angeles, California, Common Council from une 1, 1868 until December 9, 1870. He replaced Murray Morrison, who resigned. In 1865 he served a term on the county grand jury.

Los Angeles Common Council
The Los Angeles Common Council was the predecessor of the Los Angeles, California, City Council. It was formed in 1850 under state law, when the city had only 1,610 residents, and it existed until 1889, when the city had about 50,400 residents and a city charter was put into effect. It succeeded the council of the Ciudad de Los Angeles.

From 1850 through 1869, council members were elected at large under a first-past-the-post voting system, in which the top vote-getters were seated. From 1870 they were elected by electoral districts called wards.