hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 Russian wildfires
The 2010 Russian wildfires were several hundred wildfires that broke out across Russia, primarily in the west in summer 2010. They started burning in late July and lasted until early September 2010. The fires were associated with record-high temperatures, which were attributed to climate change—the summer had been the hottest recorded in Russian history—and drought.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev declared a state of emergency in seven regions, and 28 other regions were under a state of emergency due to crop failures caused by the drought. The fires cost roughly $15 billion in damages.

A combination of the smoke from the fires, producing heavy smog blanketing large urban regions and the record-breaking heat wave put stress on the Russian healthcare system. Munich Re estimated that in all, 56,000 people died from the effects of the smog and the heat wave. The 2010 wildfires were the worst on record to that time.

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Jennifer Lasimbang
Jenifer Lasimbang, also known as Jennifer Lasimbang, is a Malaysian indigenous rights advocate and former politician who served as the State Assistant Minister of Education and Innovation of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Moyog from May 2018 to September 2020. She is a member of WARISAN. She later returned to full-time civil society work and in 2024 became the executive director of the Indigenous Peoples Advocates of Sabah Fund (IPAS Fund).

Shafie Apdal
Mohd Shafie bin Apdal (Jawi: محمد شافعي بن أڤضل; born 20 October 1957) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Semporna since April 1995, State Leader of the Opposition of Sabah since September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Senallang since May 2018. He served as the 15th Chief Minister and the State Minister of Finance of Sabah from May 2018 to September 2020, Minister of Rural and Regional Development from April 2009 to July 2015 and Vice President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has served as the 1st and founding President of Heritage Party (WARISAN) since October 2016. He lost the power as Chief Minister of Sabah following the defeat of his coalition WARISAN+ in the 2020 state election.
General Confederation of Labour (Argentina)
The General Confederation of Labor (in Spanish: Confederación General del Trabajo, CGT) is a national trade union federation in Argentina founded on 27 September 1930, as the result of the merger of the U.S.A (Unión Sindical Argentina) and the C.O.A (Confederación Obrera Argentina) trade unions. Nearly one out of five employed – and two out of three unionized workers in Argentina – belong to the CGT, one of the largest labor federations in the world.

It was founded in 1930 by socialists, communists and independents to generate a plural union central. It had a socialist majority until 1945 and Peronist since then.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Lions of Hussein
The Guardians of Syria Forces - Lions of Hussein (Arabic: قوات حماة سوريا - أسود الحسين, Quwat Humat Souriya - Usud al-Hussein), formerly known as Lions of Hussein Brigade (Arabic: لواء أسود الحسين, Liwa Usud al-Hussein) and often shortened to Lions of Hussein, was an Alawite militia which fought for the Ba'athist government during the Syrian Civil War.

The unit originated from Shabiha, a criminal organization that operated in Latakia Governorate since the 1980s, and only adopted its 
name and appearance in 2015. Since then, the Lions of Hussein reportedly continued their "criminal activities on the side".

Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael
The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael (Dutch: Nederlands Instituut voor Internationale Betrekkingen Clingendael) or Clingendael Institute (Instituut Clingendael) is a Dutch think tank and academy on international relations. Based in Wassenaar on the municipal border with The Hague, the institute also publishes Clingendael Magazine 'Spectator', an online monthly on international politics. As of 2012, the institute is organised into two departments: Clingendael Research and Clingendael Academy.

Chairman of the Clingendael Institute is Paul van der Heijden. General Director is Monika Sie Dhian Ho. Peter Haasbroek is Financial Director.
History of energy
In the history of physics, the history of energy examines the gradual development of energy as a central scientific concept. Classical mechanics was initially understood through the study of motion and force by thinkers like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, the importance of the concept of energy was made clear in the 19th century with the principles of thermodynamics, particularly the conservation of energy which established that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. In the 20th century Albert Einstein's mass–energy equivalence expanded this understanding by linking mass and energy, and quantum mechanics introduced quantized energy levels. Today, energy is recognized as a fundamental conserved quantity across all domains of physics, underlying both classical and quantum phenomena.

History of thermodynamics
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as meteorology, information theory, and biology (physiology), and to technological developments such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine, cryogenics and electricity generation. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probability and statistics; see, for example, the timeline of thermodynamics.
FlowJo
FlowJo is a software package for analyzing flow cytometry data. Files produced by modern flow cytometers are written in the Flow Cytometry Standard format with an .fcs file extension. FlowJo will import and analyze cytometry data regardless of which flow cytometer is used to collect the data.

Flow Cytometry Standard
Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) is a data file standard for the reading and writing of data from flow cytometry experiments. The FCS specification has traditionally been developed and maintained by the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC). FCS used to be the only widely adopted file format in flow cytometry. Recently, additional standard file formats have been developed by ISAC.
Tenbosch Park
Tenbosch Park (French: Parc Tenbosch [paʁk tɛnbɔʃ]; Dutch: Tenboschpark [ˈtɛmbɔsˌpɑr(ə)k], meaning "in the bush"), is a public park in the municipality of Ixelles in Brussels, Belgium. Although relatively small, with an area of 2 ha (4.9 acres), it is notable for its exceptional botanical diversity, including many rare tree species seldom found in Belgium. Surrounded by a wall, it offers a landscaped oasis of calm in a dense urban district.

Tenbosch Park is within a short walking distance of the Avenue Louise/Louizalaan, the Ixelles Ponds, La Cambre Abbey, and the Bois de la Cambre/Ter Kamerenbos. It is served by the bus stops Van Eyck (on lines 38 and 60) and Washington (on line 60).

Ixelles
Ixelles (French, pronounced [iksɛl] ⓘ) or Elsene (Dutch, pronounced [ˈɛlsənə] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located to the south-east of Brussels' city centre, it is geographically bisected by the City of Brussels. It is also bordered by the municipalities of Auderghem, Etterbeek, Forest, Uccle, Saint-Gilles and Watermael-Boitsfort.

As of 1 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 88,521 inhabitants. The total area is 6.41 km2 (2.47 sq mi), which gives a population density of 13,807/km2 (35,760/sq mi). In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). It is generally considered an affluent area of the region, and is particularly noted for its communities of European and Congolese immigrants.
El Raval
El Raval (Catalan pronunciation: [əl rəˈβal]) is a neighborhood in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, the capital city of Catalonia. The neighborhood, especially the part closest to the old port, was formerly (informally) known as Barri Xinès or Barrio Chino, meaning "Chinatown". El Raval is one of the two historical neighborhoods that border La Rambla, the other being the Barri Gòtic; it contains some 50,000 people.

An area historically infamous for its nightlife and cabarets, as well as prostitution and crime, El Raval has changed significantly in recent years and due to its central location has become a minor attraction of Barcelona. It currently has a very diverse immigrant community (47.4% of its population was born abroad, ranging from Filipinos, South Americans, and Pakistanis, to a more recent Eastern European community, especially from Romania). It is home to many bars, restaurants, and night spots.

Port Vell
Port Vell (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpɔɾd ˈbeʎ], literally in English "Old Harbor") is a waterfront harbor in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and part of the Port of Barcelona. It was built as part of an urban renewal program prior to the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Before this, it was a run-down area of empty warehouses, railroad yards, and factories. 16 million people visit the complex each year.

It is now a focal point of the city and tourist attraction, containing the Maremàgnum (a mall containing shops, a multiplex cinema, bars and restaurants), IMAX Port Vell and Europe's largest aquarium containing 8000 fish and 11 sharks contained in 22 basins filled with six million litres (1.6 million US gallons) of seawater. A pedestrian walkway, Rambla de Mar, connects La Rambla to Port Vell. It incorporates a swing bridge, in order to allow ships to enter and exit the harbour.
1934 VFA season
The 1934 VFA season was the 56th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria. The premiership was won by the Northcote Football Club, after it defeated Coburg by 61 points in the Grand Final on 6 October. It was the club's fourth VFA premiership, and the third in a sequence of three premierships won consecutively from 1932 until 1934; Coburg was defeated in all three Grand Finals in the sequence.

The season was threatened by a dispute in the off-season between the Association and the local councils which controlled many of the suburban home venues relating to the use of Olympic Park as a central ground; there were ultimately no disruptions after the dispute was resolved shortly before the start of the season.

Coburg Football Club
The Coburg Football Club, nicknamed the Lions, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Coburg. It has been based at Coburg City Oval since 1915.

Coburg's men's team currently plays in the Victorian Football League (VFL), while the women's team has competed in the VAFA Women's (VAFAW) since 2023. The club also has a team in the FIDA Football League, a competition for people with intellectual disabilities, and junior teams in the Essendon District Football League (EDFL).
Yutong
Yutong (officially Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese manufacturer of commercial vehicles, especially electric buses, headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan. Yutong also has businesses in construction machinery, real estate, and other investments. As of 2016 it was the largest bus manufacturer in the world by sales volume.

Knock-down kit
A knock-down kit (also knockdown kit, knocked-down kit, or simply knockdown or KD) is a collection of parts required to assemble a product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, and then exported to another country or region for final assembly. CBU, on the other hand, stands for "Completely Built Up" and signifies import of a finished product.
Massimo Fabbrizi
Massimo Fabbrizi (born 27 August 1977 in San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy) is an Italian professional target shooter. He competed in the trap event at the 2012 Summer Olympics where he won the silver medal.

Fabbrizi is an athlete of the Centro Sportivo Carabinieri.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Live Sentence
Live Sentence is a 1984 live album by American heavy metal band Alcatrazz, and the only live album featuring the band's original lineup. The live concert recorded for the album was performed on January 28, 1984, at Nakano Sun Plaza in Tokyo. In addition to tracks from Alcatrazz's debut album, No Parole from Rock 'n" Roll, the album includes performances by Alcatrazz of songs from the Rainbow album Down to Earth recorded and released when Graham Bonnet, Alcatrazz's singer and primary lyricist, was the lead singer of Rainbow. According to Billboard, the album spent 16 weeks on the chart and peaked at No. 133.

No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll
No Parole from Rock 'n' Roll is the debut album by American heavy metal band Alcatrazz, led by veteran singer Graham Bonnet, released in 1983. It spent seven weeks on the Billboard 200 albums chart, peaking at No. 128. The album precipitated guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen's solo career, and is most famous for the single "Island in the Sun".
Entitlement (fair division)
In fair division, a person's entitlement is the value of the goods they are owed or deserve, i.e. the total value of the goods or resources that a player would ideally receive. For example, in party-list proportional representation, a party's seat entitlement (sometimes called its seat quota) is equal to its share of the vote, times the number of seats in the legislature.

Proportional division
A proportional division is a kind of fair division in which a resource is divided among n partners with subjective valuations, giving each partner at least 1/n of the resource by his/her own subjective valuation.

Proportionality was the first fairness criterion studied in the literature; hence it is sometimes called "simple fair division". It was first conceived by Steinhaus.
Solidary Party
The Solidary Party (Spanish: Partido Solidario; PSOL) is a co-operatist political party in Argentina, founded by banker and politician Carlos Heller in 2007. It was part of the Frente de Todos coalition, and was part of the kirchnerist Front for Victory from its foundation until the alliance's dissolution in 2019. The party was also previously aligned with New Encounter. It is now a member of the Unión por la Patria, formed to support Sergio Massa's 2023 presidential campaign.

The party has minor representation in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies: Heller, who has sat as a National Deputy since 2019 representing the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and served as member of the Chamber from 2009 to 2017 as well, and Eduardo Fernández of Córdoba.

Homeland Force
The Homeland Force (Spanish: Fuerza Patria, FP), also known as the Union for the Homeland (Spanish: Unión por la Patria, UP or UxP) until 2025, is a centre-left to left-wing political and electoral coalition of Peronist political parties in Argentina. It has been the main opposition coalition since December 2023.

The coalition was formed to compete in the 2023 general election, and is a successor to the previous Frente de Todos coalition, whose candidate in the 2019 presidential election, Alberto Fernández, was successfully elected President of Argentina. The coalition is centred on the Justicialist Party and its allies both on the federal and provincial levels, including the Renewal Front of Sergio Massa, who was the coalition's unsuccessful candidate for president in the 2023 presidential election.
The West Wyalong Advocate
The West Wyalong Advocate is a weekly, English language newspaper published in West Wyalong, New South Wales, Australia.  It has previously been titled The Wyalong Advocate and Mining, Agricultural and Pastoral Gazette.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
John Kearns (politician)
John Kearns (also Kearnes; 1784–1864) was an Irish-born farmer and political figure in Upper Canada. He represented Prescott in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1836 to 1841 as a Conservative.

A Roman Catholic, Kearns received a land grant in Plantagenet Township. Kearns was a lieutenant in the British Army in the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) who retired on half-pay in 1819 and later served as a captain and then lieutenant-colonel in the Prescott militia. He received a Military General Service Medal with five clasps for service in Europe. He was a justice of the peace for the Ottawa District. Kearns died in Plantagenet Township.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Defence Space Agency
The Defence Space Agency (DSA) is an integrated tri-services agency of the Indian Armed Forces headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The agency is tasked with operating the space warfare and satellite intelligence assets of India. The DSA draws personnel from all three branches of the Armed Forces.

The agency is expected to be converted into a full sized tri-service military command in the future.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
2014 Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team
The 2014 Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team represented Southeastern Louisiana University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lions were led by third-year head coach Ron Roberts and played their home games at Strawberry Stadium. They are a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 9–4 overall, 7–1 in conference play to finish in a share for the Southland title. They received an at-large bid to the FCS Playoffs where they lost in the first round to fellow Southland Conference champion Sam Houston State 21–17.

Strawberry Stadium
Strawberry Stadium is a stadium  in Hammond, Louisiana, on the campus of Southeastern Louisiana University. Opened in 1937 and with a current capacity of 7,408, it serves as home to the SLU Lions football, soccer, and track and field teams.

The stadium also hosts other institutions such as St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic High School football, previously hosted Hammond High School football, and has been the site of numerous play-off games involving other schools from Tangipahoa Parish.
Hugh Arbuthnot (British Army officer)
General Sir Hugh Arbuthnott, KCB (1780 – 11 June 1868) was a British Army officer and Member of Parliament for Kincardineshire 1826–1865.

He was born the son of John Arbuthnott, 7th Viscount of Arbuthnott and the younger brother of John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott.

He entered the 79th Regiment of Foot (Cameron Highlanders) as Ensign in May 1796 and was promoted Major-General on 22 July 1830, Lt-General on 23 November 1841 and full General on 20 June 1854.

He was given the colonelcy of the 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot from 1843 to 1862, transferring as colonel back to the Cameron Highlanders from 14 March 1862 to his death in 1868.

Sir Hugh never married.

John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott
John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott DL FRSE (16 January 1778 – 10 January 1860) was a Scottish peer and soldier. Known as "the rich Lord" he built the bridge in front of Arbuthnott House, Kincardineshire. He was the first member of the family who consistently spelled his name "Arbuthnott" rather than "Arbuthnot".