hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Private equity in the 1990s
Private equity in the 1990s relates to one of the major periods in the history of private equity and venture capital.  Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital, experienced growth along parallel although interrelated tracks.

The development of the private equity and venture capital asset classes has occurred through a series of boom and bust cycles since the middle of the 20th century.  Private equity emerged in the 1990s out of the ashes of the savings and loan crisis, the insider trading scandals, the real estate market collapse and the recession of the early 1990s which had culminated in the collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert and had caused the shutdown of the high-yield debt market.  This period saw the emergence of more institutionalized private equity firms, ultimately culminating in the massive Dot-com bubble in 1999 and 2000.

Takeover
In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer or bidder). In the UK, the term refers to the acquisition of a public company whose shares are publicly listed, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.

Management of the target company may or may not agree with a proposed takeover, and this has resulted in the following takeover classifications: friendly, hostile, reverse or back-flip. Financing a takeover often involves loans or bond issues which may include junk bonds as well as a simple cash offer. It can also include shares in the new company.
Granny dress
A granny dress is a long one-piece gown or dress that was popular with young women in the United States and Britain from the mid-1960s to the 1970s. Granny dresses were loose-fitting and often printed with light or pastel colours, giving them a vaguely Victorian-era feel.

Gown
A gown, from the Latin word, gunna, is a usually loose outer garment from knee-to-full-length worn by people of both sexes in Europe from the Early Middle Ages to the 17th century, and continuing today in certain professions; later, the term gown was applied to any full-length woman's garment consisting of a bodice and an attached skirt. A long, loosely fitted gown called a Banyan was worn by men in the 18th century as an informal coat.

The gowns worn today by academics, judges, and some clergy derive directly from the everyday garments worn by their medieval predecessors, formalised into a uniform in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Sauland Church
Sauland Church (Norwegian: Sauland kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Hjartdal Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sauland. It is one of the churches in the Hjartdal parish which is part of the Øvre Telemark prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1859 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 250 people.

Hjartdal
Hjartdal is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Upper Telemark and Aust-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sauland. Other villages in the municipality include Tuddal and Hjartdalsbygda.

The 792-square-kilometre (306 sq mi) municipality is the 146th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Hjartdal is the 299th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,588. The municipality's population density is 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Henry Wheeler (civil servant)
Sir Henry Wheeler, KCSI KCIE (2 June 1870 – 2 June 1950) was the Governor of Bihar and Orissa from 12 April 1922 to 6 April 1927. He was a member of the Imperial Civil Service appointed in 1889 and served in Bengal. He was also a member of Council of India from 1927 to 1937.

Council of India
The Council of India (1858 – 1935) was an advisory body to the Secretary of State for India, established in 1858 by the Government of India Act 1858. It was based in London and initially consisted of 15 members. The Council of India was dissolved in 1935 by the Government of India Act 1935. It is different from the Viceroy's Executive Council based in India, which was the advisory body and cabinet of the Governor-General of India/Viceroy, which was originally established in 1773 as the Council of Four.
Lucio Luiz
Lucio Luiz (born July 14, 1978 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian journalist, writer, editor, researcher, podcaster, and comics author. He holds a degree in Journalism and a PhD in Education. He is the co-creator of the comic book series Meninos e Dragões, founder of the independent publisher Marsupial, and a member of the podcast Papo de Gordo.

Laudo Ferreira Jr.
Laudo Ferreira Jr. (also known as Laudo Ferreira) is a Brazilian comics artist.

He began his career in 1983, illustrating for several publishers, as well as working with Advertising and the development of scenarios and costumes for theater. He won the Troféu HQ Mix (most important Brazilian comic related award) in 1995, 2008, 2014, 2015 and 2016. He created the comic adaptations of José Mojica Marins's Coffin Joe movies (At Midnight I'll Take Your Soul and This Night I'll Possess Your Corpse) and several other graphic novels, like Olimpo Tropical (published in Brazil and Portugal) and Yeshuah (an award-winning comic series retelling the life of Jesus based on Bible, apocryphal texts and historical information).
Aram (Nahapet)
Aram (Armenian: Արամ) was a legendary Armenian patriarch (nahapet). According to Armenian tradition, mainly preserved in the history of Movses Khorenatsi, he was the son of Harma and a descendant of the first Armenian patriarch Hayk. Per the legend, Armenians were united into one state and expanded their territory in all directions during his reign. He was succeeded by his son Ara the Handsome.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
Cevdet Yılmaz
Cevdet Yılmaz (born 1 April 1967) is a Turkish politician who has been the 2nd and current vice president of Turkey since 2023. Previously, he served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu from 28 August to 17 November 2015. He previously served as the Minister of Development from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2015 to 2016.

63rd cabinet of Turkey
The Second Cabinet of Ahmet Davutoğlu was a temporary election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu on the request of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. It is also referred to as the Second Davutoğlu Cabinet. As the 63rd government of Turkey, the cabinet presided over the November 2015 general election and dissolved after a new government is formed after the election. It is the first such government to take office in the history of the Turkish Republic.

After the Justice and Development Party (AKP) won back its majority in the November election, the interim election government formally dissolved on 24 November 2015 and was succeeded by AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu's third government.
Lakeside Amusement Park (Virginia)
Lakeside Amusement Park was an amusement park located in Salem, Virginia, neighboring Roanoke, at the intersection of U.S. Route 460 (East Main Street in Salem) and State Route 419 (Electric Road in Salem). The park was named after a very large (300 feet long, 125 feet wide) swimming pool which was opened on the site in 1920. The pool was surrounded by a beach and quickly became a favorite summer retreat for residents of Roanoke and Salem. Amusement park rides were added to the facility within a few years of its opening. The park also included a pavilion, which hosted celebrity concerts. Frequent performers included country artists Tom T. Hall and Conway Twitty.

Nearby Roanoke College also had use of the park when it was closed in the winter as an area for its men's lacrosse team to use for practice.

Salem, Virginia
Salem is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,346. It is the county seat of Roanoke County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Salem with Roanoke County, which surrounds both Salem and the neighboring City of Roanoke, for statistical purposes. Salem has its own courthouse and sheriff's office, but shares a jail with Roanoke County, which is located in the Roanoke County Courthouse complex in Salem. The Roanoke County Sheriff's Office and Roanoke County Department of Social Services are also located within Salem, though the county administrative offices are located in unincorporated Cave Spring.

Roanoke College is located in the city. Salem is also the home to a Minor League Baseball team, the Salem RidgeYaks.
Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence
In mathematics, in the field of algebraic topology, the Eilenberg–Moore spectral sequence addresses the calculation of the homology groups of a pullback over a fibration. The spectral sequence formulates the calculation from knowledge of the homology of the remaining spaces. Samuel Eilenberg and John C. Moore's original paper addresses this for singular homology.

William Gerard Dwyer
William Gerard Dwyer (born 1947) is an American  mathematician specializing in algebraic topology and group theory. For many years he was a professor at the University of Notre Dame, where he is the William J. Hank Family Professor Emeritus.
Besties in the World
(The) Besties in the World, currently activating under the ring name of Grindhouse is an American professional wrestling tag team composed of Mat Fitchett and Davey Vega. They are best known for their work in various promotion of the American independent scene such as AAW Wrestling and Pro Wrestling Zero1 USA.

Alpha-1 Wrestling
Alpha-1 Wrestling (A1) is a Canadian independent professional wrestling promotion based out of Hamilton, Ontario. The promotion was founded by Ethan Page in 2010 after he grew tired of inviting his family to see him in bars commenting "I just figured I could do a better show myself". It went on hiatus in 2012 for several months after one of the cameras used to tape a wrestling show was stolen, and began a longer one in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed its operations in February 2024 and still continues to do so despite its founder Ethan Page joining WWE in May of the same year.
Upper Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Uwchlan Township (/ˈjuːklən/; [ˈɪuxlan]) is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 11,227 at the 2010 census. The township included the community of Milford Mills before it was inundated by the creation of the Marsh Creek Dam in 1972.

The main population center of the township has grown surrounding the historic Eagle Tavern at the intersection of Route 100 and Little Conestoga Road.  This major unincorporated community is known as the village of Eagle, but also sometimes known as Uwchlan.  That is the address of the local post office.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
109 Virginis
109 Virginis is a single, white-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo, located some 134.5 light years away from Earth. It is the seventh-brightest member of this constellation, having an apparent visual magnitude of +3.72.

This is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 V, and is a suspected chemically peculiar star. However, Abt and Morrell (1995) gave it a class of A0 IIInn, matching a giant star with "nebulous" lines. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 285 km/s, which is giving the star an oblate shape with an equatorial bulge that is an estimated 31% larger than the polar radius. The star is 320 million years old with 2.4 times the mass of the Sun and about 2.57 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 47 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,420 K.

109 Virginis was the brightest star in the obsolete constellation Mons Maenalus.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Peont
Peont is a village  and a Panchayat at Nissing tehsil in Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It comes under Chirao block. The village is located about 22 km from Karnal on Assandh road National Highway  709A. It is well connected to Jundla via Assandh road 9 km & Gondar road 11 km Pacca khera road 6 km

Nilokheri
Nilokheri is a town, just 19 km from Karnal city and a municipal committee in Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It has 13 wards. The town is located about 143 km from Delhi on National Highway 44.
2022 Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team
The 2022 Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team represented the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Ragin' Cajuns played their home games at Cajun Field in Lafayette, Louisiana, and competed in the West Division of the Sun Belt Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Michael Desormeaux.

Cajun Field
Cajun Field at Our Lady of Lourdes Stadium is a football stadium located on the South Campus of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in the city of Lafayette, Louisiana. Nicknamed The Swamp, it is the home field of Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns athletics. Cajun Field is primarily used for its American football team. Newly completed renovations have Cajun Field at a capacity of 30,000 spectators as of the 2025 season.

It is currently the largest facility and football stadium in the Sun Belt Conference and the second largest college football stadium in Louisiana.
Armani/Silos
Armani/Silos is a fashion art museum in Milan, Italy dedicated to the Armani style founded by Giorgio Armani. The opening exhibition was divided into themes:

Ground floor: "Heimat: A Sense of Belonging", the dedicated to Peter Lindbergh (until August 2021)

First floor: Androgynous

Second floor: Ethnicities

Third floor: Stars / Digital Archive

Permanent Collection

Permanent Collection

Permanent Collection

Armani
Giorgio Armani S.p.A. (Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo arˈmaːni]), commonly known as Armani, is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in Milan by Giorgio Armani which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails haute couture, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, accessories, and home interiors. Among others, Armani licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear and L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics. As of 2017, it is considered Italy's second-largest fashion group behind Prada.

In addition to the couture line Armani Privé, Giorgio Armani and Emporio Armani are the company's ready-to-wear lines that show at Milan Fashion Week. Selling at lower prices are Armani Collezioni, Armani Exchange and Armani Jeans.
Eugène Vauthier
Eugène Vauthier (29 September 1843 – 11 November 1910) was a French baritone whose career was in comic operas by Offenbach, Lecocq, Hervé and other composers of the genre. From 1869 until his retirement in 1905, he was a member of successive Parisian theatre companies, and also made occasional appearances in London.

Opéra bouffe
Opéra bouffe (French pronunciation: [ɔpeʁa buf], plural: opéras bouffes) is a genre of mid- to late 19th-century French operetta, closely associated with Jacques Offenbach, who produced many of them at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, inspiring the genre's name.

It differs from the opéra comique of the same period for elements of comedy, satire, parody and farce. The most famous examples are La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue (Bluebeard), La Vie parisienne, La Périchole and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein.
Nicholas Synge
Nicholas Synge  was  an 18th-century Irish Anglican priest.

Synge was educated at  Trinity College, Dublin. He was Rector of Headford and Prebendary of Kilbeg from 1720 until 1731 and Archdeacon of Tuam from 1731 until 1743. He was appointed Prebendary of Malahide in St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1737 and  resigned in 1743 to become Archdeacon of Dublin. In 1745 he became Bishop of Killaloe and from 1752 Bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora.

He died on  19 January 1771: his brother was also a bishop.

Archdeacon of Dublin
The Archdeacon of Dublin is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Dublin part of the diocese, which is by far the largest.

The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Torquil, who held the office at some point during Lorcán Ua Tuathail's reign as Archbishop of Dublin and is theorised by George Thomas Stokes to have been of Danish descent. The current incumbent is David Pierpoint. In between, many of them went on to higher office:

William Chaumbre

Geoffrey de Turville

Nicholas de Clere

Nicholas Hill

Robert Dyke

Thomas Bache

Henry Ussher

Launcelot Bulkeley

Richard Reader

Enoch Reader

Richard Pococke

Robert Fowler

James Saurin

John Winthrop Crozier

Samuel Greenfield Poyntz

Noel Vincent Willoughby

Robert Warke

Gordon Linney
Dabirpura
Dabeerpura is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the Old City area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is surrounded by Yakutpura, Chanchalguda, Purani Haveli, Noorkhan Bazar, and Azampura.
Dabeerpura has one of the original thirteen gateways called darwaza.

Yakutpura
Yakutpura (pronunciationⓘ) is a traditional neighbourhoods in the Old City, Hyderabad in Telangana state, India. With a population of 6,3350 inhabitants, the size of the area is about 5.7 square kilometers.

Named by the Nizam of Hyderabad, the word Ya·kut (yä-koot), from Yakutpura, is a Persian word for ruby.

Hyderabad is known as the "City of Pearls". During the era of the 7th Nizam (Mir Osman Ali Khan), the Hyderabad State was a business market of gems and pearls. Yakutpura was one of the parts of the Nizam's State and hence its name was coined. A part of Yakutpura is also called Brahmin-wadi where Brahmins live.
Blue River Reservoir
Blue River Reservoir is an artificial impoundment, about 6 miles (10 km) long, of the Blue River in Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. The reservoir is about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Oregon Route 126 in the Willamette National Forest about 45 miles (72 km) east of Eugene.

In 1968 the United States Army Corps of Engineers built Blue Lake Dam and Saddle Dam about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the mouth of the Blue River on the McKenzie River to create a reservoir for flood control and irrigation. Despite frequent blooms of blue-green algae, the lake is heavily used for recreation. Trout are the principal fish, supplemented from local hatcheries.

Oregon Route 126
Oregon OR 126 (OR 126) is a 204.63-mile-long (329.32 km) state highway that connects coastal, western, and central parts of the U.S. state of Oregon. A short freeway section of OR 126 in Eugene and Springfield is concurrent with Interstate 105 (I-105).
Smolyachkovo
60°11′N 29°28′E﻿ / ﻿60.18°N 29.46°E﻿ / 60.18; 29.46

Smolyachkovo (Russian: Смолячково; Finnish: Luutahäntä) is a municipal settlement in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland. Population: 610 (2010 census); 568 (2002 census).

Before Winter War and Continuation War it was part of Finland in municipality of Terijoki.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
South African braille
Several braille alphabets are used in South Africa. For English, Unified English Braille has been adopted. Nine other languages have been written in braille: Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho, Northern Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu. All print alphabets are restricted to the basic Latin alphabet, with diacritics in some cases; the braille alphabets are likewise basic braille with additional letters to render the diacritics.

The Nguni languages – Ndebele, Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu – have no diacritics and will not be discussed further.  The braille diacritics are shared by South African languages and are described in the sections that follow.

Punctuation for all South African braille alphabets is as in English Braille.

Swazi language
0–20%

20–40%

40–60%

60–80%

80–100%

<1 /km²

1–3 /km²

3–10 /km²

10–30 /km²

30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²

300–1000 /km²

1000–3000 /km²

>3000 /km²

Swazi or siSwati is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and South Africa by the Swati people. The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 4.7 million including first and second language speakers. The language is taught in Eswatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga, particularly former KaNgwane areas. Siswati is an official language of Eswatini (along with English), and is also one of the twelve official languages of South Africa.

The official term is "siSwati" among native speakers; in English, Zulu, Ndebele or Xhosa it may be referred to as Swazi. siSwati is most closely related to the other Tekela languages, like Phuthi and Northern Transvaal (Sumayela) Ndebele, but is also very close to the Zunda languages: Zulu, Southern Ndebele, Northern Ndebele, and Xhosa.