hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royds, Bradford
53°45′11″N 1°45′43″W﻿ / ﻿53.753°N 1.762°W﻿ / 53.753; -1.762

Royds (population 16,350 - 2001 UK census) is a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The population at the 2011 Census was 17,360.

Starting from the north end of Royds, the areas covered are Horton Bank Bottom which is shared with Great Horton Ward, then Buttershaw which makes the bulk of the ward, then a portion of the south-west side of Wibsey village. South of Halifax Road is Woodside, east of which is part of Low Moor village, the rest of which is in Wyke ward. At the south end of the ward is the more rural hamlet of Royds Hall.

Wyke, Bradford
Wyke (population 14,180 – 2001 UK census) is an area of Bradford and a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The population taken at the 2011 Census was 14,958.

As well as the area of Wyke, the ward includes the adjoining hamlet of Lower Wyke, the area around Carr House, known as Carr House Gate, part of Oakenshaw (the main part of which is in Kirklees), and most of Low Moor. It is bordered on the east side by the M606 motorway and extends up to the Staygate roundabout on the north.

Wyke Methodist Church is located at Laverack Field in Wyke. The South Bradford Local History Alliance reports that "the Wesleyan movement held meetings in Wyke in the mid-19th century at a property in Wyke Lane known as Bink’s Cottage, and later at the home of Joseph Clark near the Temperance Hall. The original chapel was built in 1869 and was officially opened in 1871. A Sunday School was added in 1913."
Regions of Croatia
Though the Republic of Croatia administratively consists of twenty counties, it is traditionally divided into four historical and cultural regions: Croatia proper, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia. These are further divided into other, smaller regions.

Lika
Lika (Croatian pronunciation: [lǐːka]) is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by the Malovan pass. Today most of the territory of Lika (Brinje, Donji Lapac, Gospić, Lovinac, Otočac, Perušić, Plitvička Jezera, Udbina and Vrhovine) is part of Lika-Senj County. Josipdol, Plaški and Saborsko are part of Karlovac County and Gračac is part of Zadar County, and it takes up about 12% of Croatia's land area.

Major towns include Gospić, Otočac, and Gračac, most of which are located in the karst poljes of the rivers of Lika, Gacka and others. The Plitvice Lakes National Park and Northern Velebit National Park are also in Lika.
Freddy Mamani
Freddy Mamani Laura (born 8 December 1974) is a Bolivian educator, politician, and trade unionist who served as president of the Chamber of Deputies from 2020 to 2022. A member of the Movement for Socialism, he has served as a party-list member of the Chamber of Deputies from La Paz since 2020. He previously served as executive secretary of the National Confederation of Rural Teachers of Bolivia and as departmental executive of the Federation of Rural Teachers of La Paz. Prior to entering politics, Mamani worked as a teacher, serving as the principal of various rural schools in the department.

President of the Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia
The president of the Chamber of Deputies is the presiding officer of the lower chamber of the National Congress of Bolivia. The president is currently elected for a one-year term.

Below is a list of office-holders.
UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying Group 7
Group 7 of the UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying competition consisted of five teams: England, Belgium, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Estonia. The composition of the eight groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 20 April 2015.

The group was played in home-and-away round-robin format. The group winners qualified directly for the final tournament, while the runners-up also qualified directly if they were one of the six best runners-up among all eight groups (not counting results against the fifth-placed team); otherwise, the runners-up advance to the play-offs.

UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying play-offs
The play-offs of the UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying competition involved the two runners-up with the worst records among all eight groups in the qualifying group stage: Portugal and Romania. The draw for the play-offs (to decide the order of legs) was held on 23 September 2016.

The play-offs were played in home-and-away two-legged format. The play-off winner qualified for the final tournament.
Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia
Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles Asistencia was founded in early 1784 in the burgeoning Pueblo de Los Ángeles adjacent to the village of Yaanga as an asistencia or "sub-mission" to the nearby Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. The assistant mission fell into disuse over time and a Catholic chapel, La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles, was constructed in its place a mere thirty years later.

Visitas
Visitas or asistencias were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.
Monacensia
The Monacensia, or Monacensia in Hildebrandhaus, is the literary archive and a research library of the city of Munich, the capital of Bavaria, Germany, which is devoted to preserving and providing public access to the city's cultural history. The name Monacensia is derived from the Latin name for Munich.

The collection was begun in the 1920s. Since 1977 it has been housed in a mansion, known as the Hildebrandhaus, which was originally designed by the German sculptor Adolf von Hildebrand (1847–1921) for his large artistic family. The Monacensia is one of the special libraries administered by the Munich City Library and its collections are accessible via the library website.

Erika Mann
Erika Julia Hedwig Mann (9 November 1905 – 27 August 1969) was a German actress and writer, daughter of the novelist Thomas Mann.

Erika lived a bohemian lifestyle in Berlin and became a critic of National Socialism. After Hitler came to power in 1933, she moved to Switzerland, and married the poet W. H. Auden, purely to obtain a British passport and so avoid becoming stateless when the Germans cancelled her citizenship. She continued to attack Nazism, most notably with her 1938 book School for Barbarians, a critique of the Nazi education system.

During World War II, Mann worked for the BBC and became a war correspondent attached to the Allied forces after D-Day. She attended the Nuremberg trials before moving to America to support her exiled parents. Her criticisms of American foreign policy led to her being considered for deportation. After her parents moved to Switzerland in 1952, she also settled there. She wrote a biography of her father and died in Zürich in 1969.
Europus (Macedonia)
Europus (or Europos; Ancient Greek: Εὐρωπός) was a town in Bottiaea (later named Emathia), ancient Macedonia. It was located between Idomenae and the plains of Cyrrhus and Pella, situated on the right bank of the Axius below Idomene, where modern Evropos lies. Not far above the entrance of the great maritime plain, the site of Europus has been recognised by that strength of position which enabled it to resist Sitalces and the Thracians. We have the concurring testimony of Ptolemy and Pliny that this town of Emathia was different from Europus of Almopia.

Europos was the birthplace of Seleucus I Nicator, and two cities in Seleucid Empire were named Europos. There is also reported a Delphic proxenos Machatas from Europos in the late 4th century BCE.

The site of Europos is near the modern Europos.

Bottiaea
Bottiaea (Greek: Βοττιαία Bottiaia) was a geographical region of Lower Macedonia and an administrative district of the Macedonian Kingdom. It was previously inhabited by the Bottiaeans, a people of uncertain origin, later expelled by the Makedones into Bottike (Chalcidice). In Roman times it was replaced by Emathia as a geographical term.
1882 men's tennis season
The 1882 men's tennis season  incorporated 72 events. The Wimbledon Championships and Irish Championships was won by William Renshaw, the U.S. National Championships was won by Richard Sears collecting his second title. Other big winners were Richard Taswell Richardson picking up the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships and Ernest Renshaw winning the Princes Club Championships, The title leader this season was Robert W. Braddell winning 4 tournaments from 6 finals.

The season started in April in Brighton, England and ended in November in Melbourne, Australia.

William Renshaw
William Charles Renshaw (3 January 1861 – 12 August 1904) was a British tennis player active during the late 19th century, who was ranked world No. 1. He won twelve Wimbledon titles: seven in singles and five in doubles. A right-hander, Renshaw was known for his power and technical ability which put him ahead of competition at the time. His seven Wimbledon men's singles titles were a record that stood for 128 years, until surpassed in 2017. His six consecutive singles titles (1881–86) remain an all-time record. Additionally, Renshaw won the doubles title five times with his twin brother Ernest. William Renshaw was the first president of the British Lawn Tennis Association (LTA).
Jamil al-Rahman
Mawlawi Muhammad Hussain also known as Jamil al-Rahman al-Afghani (1939–30 August 1991) was the founder and leader of Jamaat al-Dawah ila al-Quran wal-Sunnah, a Salafist organisation located in Kunar Province of Afghanistan. He was also the Emir of the short-lived Islamic Emirate of Kunar.

Bajaur District
Bajaur District (Pashto: باجوړ ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع باجوڑ), formerly Bajaur Agency, is a district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Prior to 2018, Bajaur Agency was the northernmost component of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), a semi-autonomous region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. In May 2018, FATA was merged into the larger Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK) in an attempt to bring stability to the region, redesignating Bajaur Agency to Bajaur District.

The district lies on Pakistan's western border, sharing a 52 km border with Afghanistan's Kunar Province, and lies 35 mi (56 km) north of the Torkham border crossing linking Jalalabad and Peshawar. 498 square kilometer miles in size, Bajaur occupies a small mountain basin and is into seven tehsil (subdistricts) with its district headquarters in the town of Khar, in the district's center. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, Bajaur District has a population of 1,090,987.
2011 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 2011 Drake Bulldogs football team represented Drake University as member of the Pioneer Football League (PFL) during the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Chris Creighton, the Bulldogs compiled and overall record of 9–2 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, sharing the PFL title with San Diego. The team played home games at Drake Stadium in Des Moines, Iowa.

Pioneer Football League
The Pioneer Football League (PFL) is an intercollegiate athletic conference formed in 1991 for the sport of football. Its members compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). It has member schools that range from New York, North Carolina and Florida in the east to California in the west. It is headquartered in St. Louis, in the same complex that also contains the offices of the Missouri Valley Conference and Missouri Valley Football Conference. Unlike most other Division I FCS conferences, the Pioneer League consists of institutions that choose not to award athletic scholarships ("grants-in-aid") to football players.

Most of the PFL's members are private schools. Morehead State University is the only public school in the conference.
Media portrayal of lesbians
Lesbian portrayal in media is generally in relation to feminism, love and sexual relationships, marriage and parenting. Some writers have stated that lesbians have often been depicted as exploitative and unjustified plot devices. Common representations of lesbians in the media include butch or femme lesbians and lesbian parents. "Butch" lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as masculine by dressing masculine, behaving masculinely, or liking things that are deemed masculine, while "femme" lesbian comes from the idea of a lesbian expressing themselves as feminine by dressing feminine, behaving femininely, or liking things that are deemed feminine.

Mädchen in Uniform
Mädchen in Uniform ("Girls in Uniform") is a 1931 German romantic drama film based on the play Gestern und heute (Yesterday and Today) by Christa Winsloe and directed by Leontine Sagan with artistic direction from Carl Froelich, who also funded the film. Winsloe also wrote the screenplay and was on the set during filming. Due to the film's overt and openly lesbian themes, the film remains an international cult classic and enjoys widespread acclaim from critics.
Pamana Island
Pamana Island (Dana, Dona, Ndana) is a small island off Rote Island in Indonesia's East Nusa Tenggara province of Lesser Sunda Islands, and the southernmost point of Indonesia and of Asia. It lies exactly on latitude 11°S. Administratively this island is part of Rote Ndao Regency. It borders the Ashmore and Cartier Islands to the south.

The island is inhabited by some deer, various bird species and is visited annually by turtles who come to lay their eggs.

Rote Ndao Regency
Rote Ndao Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, consisting primarily of the island of Rote, situated south-west of the western tip of West Timor with an area of 978.54 km2, together with minor offshore islands including Usu (19.4 km2), Ndana (13.83 km2), Ndao, Landu and Nuse; the total area including the minor offshore islands is 1,280.10 km2. The regency seat is in the village of Ba'a (or Baadale), which is situated in Lobalain District. The population of the Regency was 119,908 as of the 2010 census and 143,764 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 152,950 (comprising 76,968 males and 75,982 females).
Carl H. Hermann
Carl Heinrich Hermann (17 June 1898 – 12 September 1961), also spelled Karl Hermann (German: [kaʁl ˈhɛʁman] ⓘ), was a German physicist, crystallographer, and resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. He is known for his research in crystallographic symmetry, nomenclature, and mathematical crystallography in N-dimensional spaces.

Hermann was a pioneer in crystallographic databases and, along with Paul Peter Ewald, published the first volume of the influential Strukturbericht (Structure Report) in 1931.

In 1943, he and his wife were imprisoned by the Gestapo for harboring a Jewish family. They were honored with medals of the Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in 1976.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
NGC 818
NGC 818 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Andromeda. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4,010±17 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 192.9 ± 13.5 Mly (59.14 ± 4.15 Mpc). Additionally, 14 non-redshift measurements give a closer mean distance of 168.62 ± 8.37 Mly (51.700 ± 2.565 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 18 October 1786.

NGC 818 has a possible active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
The Illegals (Walker)
The Illegals: Russia's Most Audacious Spies and Their Century-Long Mission to Infiltrate the West is a nonfiction account of a long running program of infiltration by, first, the Soviet Union, and then the Russian Federation, all the way up to the invasion of Ukraine. This book was written by Shaun Walker and published by Alfred A. Knopf on April 15, 2025.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Purbasthali railway station
Purbasthali railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Purbasthali, Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Purbasthali I and Purbasthali II Community Development Block. Number of EMU and Passenger trains stop at Purbasthali railway station.

Howrah railway division
Howrah Division is the oldest operational railway division under the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Serving as a major rail hub for Eastern India, its headquarters based in Howrah, West Bengal, and has historical and strategic importance for passenger and freight transport. It is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone. In 2025, the Howrah Division marked its 100th anniversary since it was officially established as a division. It covers the area more than 400 km which includes parts of Bihar and Jharkhand also. The division manages nearly 200 stations ranging from major terminals to smaller halts.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Malda railway division are the other railway divisions under ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
Snowshoe Lake (Temagami)
Snowshoe Lake is a T-shaped lake  in the Great Lakes Basin in Temagami, Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. It is about 1,400 metres (4,593 ft) long and 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) wide, and lies at an elevation of 308 metres (1,010 ft). The primary outflow is an unnamed creek to Wasaksina Lake, which flows via intermediate lakes into Shiningwood Bay on Lake Temagami.

Lake Temagami
Lake Temagami, formerly spelled as Lake Timagami, is a lake in Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada, situated approximately 80 km north of North Bay. The lake's name comes from dimii-agamiing "tih-MEE-uh-guh-MEENG", which means "it is deep water by the shore" in the Ojibwa language.
North Ormsby Priory
North Ormsby Priory was a Gilbertine priory in North Ormsby, Lincolnshire, England.

It was founded by Gilbert son of Robert of Ormsby with the consent of his lord, William, earl of Albemarle. Robert was steward of William of Percy and gave the nuns the churches of Sth Elkington and Little
Grimsby pasture, and land. The number of inmates was limited by Saint Gilbert to 100 nuns and lay sisters, and 50 canons and lay brothers.
In 1534 the prior subscribed to the kings supremacy, and the house was surrendered by the prior and 5 canons and 9 nuns in 1538. The last prior was Christopher Cartwright. The site is still visible as earthworks and is scheduled.

North Ormsby
North Ormsby (sometimes Ormesby)  is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-west from the market town of Louth. In 2021 the parish had a population of 43.
Layshaft
A layshaft is an intermediate shaft within a gearbox that carries gears, but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox either in or out of the gearbox. Layshafts are best known through their use in car gearboxes, where they were a ubiquitous part of the rear-wheel drive layout. With the shift to front-wheel drive, the use of layshafts is now rarer.

The driving shaft carries the input power into the gearbox. The driven shaft is the output shaft from the gearbox. In car gearboxes with layshafts, these two shafts emerge from opposite ends of the gearbox, which is convenient for RWD cars but may be a disadvantage for other layouts.

For gearboxes in general, gear clusters mounted on a layshaft may either turn freely on a fixed shaft, or may be part of a shaft that then rotates in bearings. There may be multiple separate clusters on a shared shaft and these are allowed to turn freely relative to each other.

Drivetrain
A drivetrain (drive-train or drive train), also known as a transmission system, is the group of components that deliver mechanical power from the prime mover to the driven components. In automotive engineering, the drivetrain  is the components of a motor vehicle that deliver power to the drive wheels. This excludes the engine or motor that generates the power. In marine applications, the drive shaft will drive a propeller, thruster, or waterjet rather than a drive axle, while the actual engine might be  similar to an automotive engine. Other machinery, equipment and vehicles may also use a drivetrain to deliver power from the engine(s) to the driven components.

In contrast, the powertrain is considered to include both the engine and/or motor(s) as well as the drivetrain.
Lopez v. Davis
Lopez v. Davis, 531 U.S. 230 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 2001. The case concerned the validity of a Bureau of Prisons regulation which lowered prisoners' sentences for completion of a substance abuse program. The statute however restricted this credit to those who did not engage in a felony aided by a firearm. The Court upheld the regulation over the dissent of three Justices.

Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) is a federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all federal prisons in the country and provides for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.