hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scopas (crater)
Scopas is a crater on Mercury, near the south pole. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976, after the ancient Greek sculptor and architect Scopas, following the official convention of naming craters on Mercury after historically significant artists, musicians, painters, and authors.

Two smaller, unnamed craters overlie Scopas crater itself.  The northern rims of these craters are in permanent shadow.

Ictinus crater is immediately to the northeast of Scopas.

Ictinus (crater)
Ictinus is a crater on Mercury. Its depth from crater floor to rim is 4.8 km. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Ictinus is named for the Ancient Greek architect Ictinus, who lived in the 5th century BCE.

The northern rim of Ictinus is in permanent shadow.
Officer's tool
An officer’s tool (also known as an A-tool, rex tool, or lock puller) is a forcible entry device used by firefighters and other first responders. Officer’s tools are designed to completely remove cylindrical locks from doors without causing major structural damage, allowing for direct access to the internal locking mechanism.

Officer’s tools can be used on any type of cylindrical lock, including rim locks, police locks, dead-bolts, or key-in-the-knob locks. A door that has had its lock cylinder removed can be outfitted with a new one afterward with only minor cosmetic damage, making officer’s tools a less destructive alternative to other forcible entry devices like fireman’s axes and battering rams.

Rim lock
A rim lock is a locking device that attaches to the surface of a door.

It is the oldest type of lock used in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  It is of a basic design using  (usually) a single lever and a sliding bolt. Wards can be used for additional security. They are not used where high security is required. Most older locks were large, some as big as 40 by 25 centimetres (15.7 by 9.8 in).

Most rimlocks used today on exterior doors in the British Isles are night latches.

In the United States, rim locks and rim latches are often used on wooden screen doors. A rim lock may also be seen on an antique pantry, pie safe, and other cabinets. Some rim lock and latch sets have a shallower backset than does a modern bored cylindrical lock or mortise lock, allowing their use on doors with narrow rails.
Nikolai Ostroumov
Nikolai Petrovich Ostroumov (Russian: Николай Петрович Остроумов; 1846–1930) was an imperial Russian orientalist, ethnographer and educationalist in Turkestan.

He studied under Nikolai Il'minskii at the Kazan Theological Seminary, where he studied Arabic and Turkic languages as well as Islam.

He was editor of Turkistan Wilayatining Gazeti from 1883 to 1917.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
Val d'Europe
Val d'Europe (pronounced [val døʁɔp]; lit. 'Valley of Europe') is the easternmost sector (Sector IV) of the new town of Marne-la-Vallée, located around 35 km (22 mi) to the east of the city centre of Paris, France. It was built as part of a public–private partnership between The Walt Disney Company and the French state, based on a convention signed in 1987. It is bordered by the Marne river to the north, the A4 motorway to the south, and is served by the RER A suburban train line (stations Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy (opened 1992) and Val d'Europe (opened 2001)) as well as the LGV Interconnexion Est high-speed train line (station Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy).

Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy station
Marne-la-Vallée –  Chessy (French pronunciation: [maʁnə la vale ʃɛsi]) also appearing on platform displays as Marne-la-Vallée Chessy – Parcs Disneyland, is a large combined RER (commuter rail), and high-speed rail station in Chessy, Seine-et-Marne, France, about 30 km (19 mi) east of Paris, located on the LGV Interconnexion Est opened in 1994. The station is inside the Disneyland Paris resort, close to the entrances to the theme parks and at the entrance to Disney Village. The station opened as an extension of RER A in April 1992, in conjunction with the opening of the theme park, with The Walt Disney Company contributing €38.1 million of the €126.5 million cost. The high-speed rail part of the station opened in May 1994, two years after the RER portion of station.
Doxapatres Boutsaras
Doxapatres Boutsaras (Greek: Δοξαπατρής Βουτσαράς) was a Byzantine Greek independent lord in the central Peloponnese in the early 13th century. He had his headquarters in the Araklovon Castle, which is located near the Minthi village, in the Municipality of Zacharo. He withstood the attacks of the Franks of the Fourth Crusade for several years, until it finally fell ca. 1210 and became part of the Principality of Achaea.

His heroic defense of the fort is recorded in the Chronicle of the Morea, especially its Latin versions, where he assumes superhuman proportions: he is said to have held a mace that no other man could lift, and that his cuirass alone weighed 150 pounds. Stories are also told of his daughter, Maria Doxapatre, who allegedly threw herself from the castle walls rather than become the mistress of William of Champlitte.

Doxapatres is a family name.

The Chronicle of Morea
The Chronicle of Morea (Greek: Τὸ χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως) is a long 14th-century history text, of which there are four extant versions: in French, Greek (in verse), Italian and Aragonese.  More than 9,000 lines long, the Chronicle narrates events of the Franks' establishment of feudalism in mainland Greece.  West European Crusaders settled in the Peloponnese (called Morea at the time) following the Fourth Crusade.  The period covered in the Chronicle was 1204 to 1292 (or later, depending on the version).  It gives significant details on the civic organization of the Principality of Achaia.
2001 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 2001. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group qualifying round, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and were guaranteed a World Group spot for 2002.

France won the title, defeating Australia in the final, 3–2. The final was held at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne Park, Melbourne, Australia, from 30 November to 2 December. It was the French team's first Davis Cup title since 1996 and their 9th title overall. France won the title despite not playing a single match on home soil.

Rod Laver Arena
Rod Laver Arena is a multipurpose arena located within Melbourne Park, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The arena is the main venue for the Australian Open, the first Grand Slam tennis tournament of the calendar year.
Nipastat
Nipastat is the brand name for a mixture of parabens (parahydroxybenzoates) by Clariant, a chemicals company. Parabens are a type of compound used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. Nipastat is a white powder at room temperature, but is typically dissolved into a liquid product. Nipastat acts to prevent the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast. Nipastat is a mixture of five common parabens: methylparaben (50-60%), butylparaben (12-17%), ethylparaben, (13-18%) propylparaben (6-9%), and isobutylparaben (6-9%). When Nipastat is added to a product, the recommended final weight of Nipastat is between 0.05% and 0.3% of the total weight. Nipastat is stable at a range of pHs between 4 and 8.

Butylparaben
Butylparaben, or butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, is an organic compound with the formula C4H9O2CC6H4OH.  It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.  It has proven to be a highly successful antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It is also used in medication suspensions, and as a flavoring additive in food.
John of Głogów (14th century)
John of Głogów (German: Johann von Glogau, Latin: Johannes Glogaviensis) was a 14th-century physician, cleric and writer active in Silesia. He wrote treatises on healthy living and plague in the aftermath of the Black Death.

Archdiocese of Wrocław
The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Polish: Archidiecezja wrocławska; German: Erzbistum Breslau; Czech: Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Latin: Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church centered in the city of Wrocław in Poland. From its founding as a bishopric in 1000 until 1821, it was under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland. From 1821 to 1930 it was subjected directly to the Apostolic See. Between 1821 and 1972 it was officially known as (Arch)Diocese of Breslau.
Cue tone
A cue tone is a message consisting of audio tones, used to prompt an action.

In broadcast networks, a DTMF cue tone or subaudible tone was traditionally used to prompt insertion of a local TV commercial or radio advertisement by the broadcast automation equipment at the broadcast station or cable headend. This has been replaced in the IPTV with digital cue tones (typically SCTE-35 streams in North America).

Cue tones were also used on broadcast carts (cartridge tapes) to cue local equipment to start and stop, particularly to cue the tape player itself, as the tape runs in an endless loop and often contains several segments of content.

Broadcast automation
Broadcast automation incorporates the use of broadcast programming technology to automate broadcasting operations.  Used either at a broadcast network, radio station or a television station, it can run a facility in the absence of a human operator.  They can also run in a live assist mode when there are on-air personnel present at the master control, television studio or control room.

The radio transmitter end of the airchain is handled by a separate automatic transmission system (ATS).
Chongqing Central Park
Chongqing Central Park (Chinese: 重庆中央公园; pinyin: Chóngqìng Zhōngyāng Gōngyuán) is one of the largest open public urban parks in China. The rectangular-shaped park covers a territory of about 1.53 square kilometers. The purpose of building the park was to provide Chongqing residents with a big open park, like Central Park in New York City and Hyde Park in London, to play outdoor recreational sports and to enjoy nature.

The park is located in Yubei District, Chongqing, China. The northern half of the park is designed to be a huge open square. The Central Square in this park, with an area of 30 hectares, is able to hold at least 100,000 people at once. The Jieqing Avenue (Chinese: 节庆大道; pinyin: Jiéqìng Dàdào), 20 meters wide and 600 meters long, cuts through the northern half of the park. The southern half of the park is designed to be a natural area, with grassland, forests, hills, and freshwater ponds.

Yubei, Chongqing
Yubei District (Chinese: 渝北区; pinyin: Yúběi Qū), literally meaning the north of Yu (with Yu being an abbreviation for Chongqing), was a former district of Chongqing municipality, bordering Sichuan province to the north. Lianglu, which is a town administered by Yubei District, is where the Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is located. It's now a part of Liangjiang New Area.
Symphony No. 37 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 37 in D major, Perger 29, Sherman 37, MH 476, written in Salzburg in 1788, is the last D major symphony he wrote, the fourth of his final set of six symphonies. The symphony is scored for two oboes (2nd alternating on flute in the second movement), two bassoons, two horns, and strings. The symphony is in three movements:

The first movement is notable among Haydn's works for the use of tremolo notation as a shortcut for repeated semiquavers. The second movement, like the slow movements of other symphonies in the set, treats the woodwinds in an almost concertante fashion. The third movement is a lively rondo with a little development in minor keys of the A subject before the final restatement in D major. Though the bassoon is for the most part doubling the cellos, towards the end Haydn has them imitate the twirls of the first violins a bar after, lending a hint of wit redolent of Joseph Haydn's rondo finales.

D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor.

The D major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic major and melodic major scales are:
Deepdene House and Gardens
Deepdene was an estate and country house occupying land to the southeast of Dorking, Surrey, England. The remains of the gardens are Grade II* listed with the adjoining Chart Park on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk
Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal (1 December 1720 – 31 August 1786), was an English peer and politician. He was the son of Henry Charles Howard (d. 10 June 1720) and Mary Aylward (d. 7 October 1747). His grandfather, Charles Howard, was a brother of Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk and Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and therefore another son of the 15th Earl of Arundel. He married Katherine Brockholes (d. 21 November 1784), daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739, and succeeded to the title of Duke of Norfolk in 1777 after the death of his cousin Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk.

Charles Howard died on 31 August 1786, at age 65, and was succeeded by his son Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk.
Across the Sea of Suns
Across the Sea of Suns is a 1984 hard science fiction novel by American writer Gregory Benford. It is the second novel in his Galactic Center Saga, and continues to follow the scientist Nigel Walmsley, who encountered an extraterrestrial machine in the previous book, In the Ocean of Night, aboard an expeditionary spacecraft, searching for life. Eventually Nigel discovers evidence of the major conflict in the galaxy.

Hard science fiction
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction. The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences, first appeared in the late 1970s. Though there are examples generally considered as "hard" science fiction such as Isaac Asimov's Foundation series, built on mathematical sociology, science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that while neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy, they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.
Second East–West Highway
Second East–West Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Timur–Barat Kedua), also known as Simpang Pulai–Kuala Berang Highway, Federal Route 185 and Federal Route 36, is a highway in Peninsular Malaysia which connects Simpang Pulai in Perak to Kuala Jeneris in Terengganu. It overlaps with Federal Route 8 Federal Route 8 between Gua Musang and Sungai Relau. It is notorious for its many sharp corners which increase the risk of road accidents.

Titiwangsa Mountains
The Titiwangsa Mountains (Malay: Banjaran Titiwangsa, pronounced [ˈband͡ʒaˈran titiwaŋˈsa]), also known as Banjaran Besar (lit. 'main range') by locals, is the chain of mountains that forms the backbone of the Malay Peninsula. The northern section of the range is in southern Thailand, where it is known as the Sankalakhiri Range (Thai: ทิวเขาสันกาลาคีรี; RTGS: Thio Khao Sankalakhiri;  pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw sǎn.kāːlāːkʰīːrīː]).

The mountain range acts as a natural divider, dividing Peninsular Malaysia, as well as southernmost Thailand, into east and west coast regions. It also serves as a drainage divide of some major rivers of Peninsular Malaysia such as the Pahang, Perak, Kelantan, Klang and Muar. The length of mountain range is about 480 km from north to south.
Perrystown
Perrystown (Irish: Baile Pheire) is a suburb in South Dublin, Ireland. It is in the Dublin 12 postal district and is adjacent to the areas of Crumlin, Greenhills, Kimmage, Templeogue, Terenure, and Walkinstown.

Greenhills, Dublin
Greenhills (Irish: Na Glaschnoic) is a suburb of Dublin in Ireland. It is in County Dublin and lies between Kimmage, Tallaght, Ballymount, Templeogue, Terenure and Walkinstown, which the area of Greenhills was historically part of, and includes several residential developments. Greenhills is in the Dublin postal district of Dublin 12 and the local government area of South Dublin.
Roshtqal'a
Roshtqal'a (Russian: Рошткала; Tajik: Роштқалъа) is a village and jamoat in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in south-east Tajikistan. It is the seat of Roshtqal'a District in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in south-east Tajikistan. The jamoat has a total population of 2,838 (2015).

Gorno-Badakhshan
38°0′N 73°0′E﻿ / ﻿38.000°N 73.000°E﻿ / 38.000; 73.000

Gorno-Badakhshan, officially the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in eastern Tajikistan, in the Pamir Mountains. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area but only two percent of its population.
Veera Ramanatha
Vira Ramanatha (Kannada: ವೀರ ರಾಮನಾಥ) (1263–1297 CE) was a king of the southern portion of the Hoysala Empire. In 1254 CE, Hoysala king Vira Someshwara divided his kingdom between his two sons, Narasimha III (reign c. 1263–1292 CE) who ruled from Halebidu (Dorasamudra or Dwarasamudra), their original capital, had got the greater part of the ancestral kingdom and Vira Ramanatha Deva (reign c. 1254/1263–1295 CE) obtained the remaining part consisting of the present Kolar district and the Tamil territories conquered by the Hoysalas in the south, and ruled from Kannanur Kuppam near Srirangam. Like his father Narasimha II, Someshwara stayed back at Kannanur with Ramanatha where he was killed in 1262/1263 CE in a war with Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan I of the Pandya dynasty.

Domlur
Domlur  is a small township located in the eastern part of Bangalore city in India. Domlur was included in the erstwhile Bangalore Civil and Military Station under the British Madras Presidency till it was transferred to the Mysore State in 1949.

Domlur is surrounded by offices of multinational software companies and business process outsourcing companies. Domlur hosts the software park Embassy Golf Links (EGL). McAfee, NetApp, Dell, IBM, Microsoft, ANZ, Sasken, Target and Mistral Solutions are the companies located in this area. Domlur is located close to the 'old airport'.

The major military establishments having divisions in Domlur are Indian Air Force, EME Workshop, and ASC (Army Service Corps).
W. H. Coffin House
The W. H. Coffin House, located at 421 E. 11th Ave. in Winfield in Cowley County, Kansas, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Built in 1892, the W. H. Coffin House is an example of  Queen Anne style architecture in the United States  popular from about 1880 to 1900.

It is a two-story cedar weatherboard-clad frame house upon a limestone foundation.  It has gables with fish scale shingles made from cedar.

Cowley County, Kansas
Cowley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat is Winfield, and its most populous city is Arkansas City.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 34,549.  The county was named after Matthew Cowley, first lieutenant in Company I, 9th Kansas Cavalry, who died during the Civil War.
Serlachius
Serlachius is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Serlachius (1870–1935), Finnish lawyer, professor, and politician

Viveca Serlachius (1923–1993), Finnish-born Swedish actress

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Alexis Bœuf
Alexis Bœuf (born 4 March 1986 in Chambéry) is a retired French biathlete. First World Cup podium was in Antholz-Anterselva Individual 21 January 2010. He won Presque Isle pursuit in February 2011, his only World Cup victory. He announced his retirement during the 2014–15 season after the sprint in Hochfilzen.

He is a color analyst during biathlon World Cup broadcast on French L'Équipe (TV channel).

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Efficient breach
In legal theory, particularly in law and economics, efficient breach is a voluntary breach of contract and payment of damages by a party who concludes that they would incur greater economic loss by performing under the contract.

Breach of contract
Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. Breach occurs when a party to a contract fails to fulfill its obligation(s), whether partially or wholly, as described in the contract, or communicates an intent to fail the obligation or otherwise appears not to be able to perform its obligation under the contract. Where there is breach of contract, the resulting damages have to be paid to the aggrieved party by the party breaching the contract.

If a contract is rescinded, parties are legally allowed to undo the work unless doing so would directly charge the other party at that exact time.