hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton Police Service
The Hamilton Police Service (HPS) is the police service of the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As of 2021, the service employed 829 sworn officers and 414 non-sworn staff, serving a population of about 570 000 residents. The service's headquarters are located at 155 King William St., Hamilton, Ontario. As of 2022, the service's budget is $183 542 539, roughly 18.5% of the City's overall budget. It is one of the oldest police forces in Ontario.

Colt Canada C7
The Colt Canada C7 is the Canadian military's adoption of Colt's Armalite AR-15 platform, manufactured by Colt Canada (formerly Diemaco), having similar design and function to the M16A3.

The C7 and its variants have been adopted as the standard-issue rifle by the militaries of Canada, Norway (special forces only), Denmark and the Netherlands. Following trials, C8 variants are general-issue firearms for the United Kingdom's Special Forces. The C8A1 is also the standard firearm of the Royal Netherlands Air Force and other specialist users within the Dutch and British militaries. It has been used in various combat deployments by Canadian, British, Norwegian, Dutch, and Danish forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Mali.
Amakinite
Amakinite (IMA symbol: Amk) is a semi transparent yellow-green hydroxide mineral belonging to the brucite group that was discovered in 1962. Its chemical formula is written as (Fe2+,Mg)(OH)2. It usually occurs in the form of splotchy, anhedral crystals forming within a group or structure in other minerals or rocks, such as kimberlite (occurring in diamond-rich eruptive pipe). Its composition is as follows:

Magnesium   5.82%  Mg    9.66% MgO

Manganese   6.58%  Mn    8.50% MnO

Iron       46.84%  Fe   60.26% FeO

Hydrogen    2.42%  H    21.58% H2O

Oxygen     38.34%  O

Amakinite is slightly magnetic and was named for the Amakin Expedition, which prospected the diamond deposits of Yakutia in the Russian Far East.

Brucite
Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists; and formed during serpentinization of dunites. Brucite is often found in association with serpentine, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, artinite, talc and chrysotile.

It adopts a layered CdI2-like structure with hydrogen-bonds between the layers.
Battle in the Liakhvi Gorge
The Battles in the Liakhvi Gorge were fought between Russian and Georgian forces during the Russo-Georgian War.
The battle began with the entry of Russian troops into the territory of South Ossetia through the Roki Tunnel after 2008 Caucasus exercises. After the end of the battle, units of the Ossetian militia army burned several villages located in the Georgian enclave north of Tskhinvali.

19th Motor Rifle Division
The 19th Voronezh-Shumlinskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov and Red Banner of Labor Motor Rifle Division (Russian: 19-я мотострелковая Воронежско-Шумлинская Краснознамённая, орденов Суворова и Трудового Красного Знамени дивизия, romanized: 19-ya motostrelkovaya Voronezhsko-Shumlinskaya Krasnoznamonnaya, ordenov Suvorova i Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni diviziya), is a division of the Russian Ground Forces. It appears to have been formed originally in July 1922 at Tambov in the Moscow Military District as a territorial formation. In 1923, it was awarded the "Tambov" placename and renamed the 19th Voronezh Rifle Division. The division was downsized to a brigade in 2009 and reestablished as a division in 2020.
Mortegliano Cathedral
The Mortegliano Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Mortegliano), is the main place of worship of the parish of the Holy Trinity of Mortegliano, in the province and archdiocese of Udine; it is part of the deanery of Central Friuli. It stands in the center of the town, in correspondence with the ancient curtain wall.

Mortegliano
Mortegliano (Italian pronunciation: [morteʎˈʎaːno]; Friulian: Mortean) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 km (37 miles) northwest of Trieste and about 14 km (8+3⁄4 miles) southwest of Udine.

Mortegliano borders the following municipalities: Bicinicco, Castions di Strada, Lestizza, Pavia di Udine, Pozzuolo del Friuli, Talmassons.

The tallest campanile, or free-standing bell tower, in the world at 113.2 m (371 ft) high, is the Mortegliano Bell Tower.
Helsingør Cemetery
Helsingør Cemetery (Danish: Helsingør Kirkegård) is a cemetery in Helsingør, Denmark. It serves the parishes of St. Olai, St. Mary, Vestervang and Sthen. Founded in the second half of the 16th century, it was originally used as a burial ground for the poor but became the city principal cemetery in the 1820.

It is bordered by Nygade, I.L. Tvedes Vej and Møllebakken.

Helsingør
Helsingør (/ˌhɛlsɪŋˈɜːr/ HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; classically known in English as Elsinore (/ˈɛlsɪnɔːr, ˌɛlsɪˈnɔːr/ EL-sin-or, -⁠OR), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsingør is located at the narrowest part of the Øresund strait and together with Helsingborg in Sweden, forms the northern reaches of the Øresund Region, centred on Copenhagen and Malmö. Helsingør is a ferry city, with the frequent departures on the HH Ferry route, which connects Helsingør with Helsingborg, 4 km (2.5 mi) across the Øresund.

Its castle Kronborg was used by William Shakespeare as the setting for his play Hamlet.
Javel–André Citroën station
Javel–André Citroën (French pronunciation: [ʒavɛl ɑ̃dʁe sitʁɔɛn]) is a station of the Paris Métro, serving line 10 and offering transfer to the RER C via Javel RER station in the 15th arrondissement. West of this station, line 10 splits into separate eastbound and westbound sections until Boulogne–Jean Jaurès (although both lines pass through Mirabeau, it is only served by eastbound trains; the point where the lines actually diverge is located west of that station).

Quai André Citroën
The Quai André Citroën is a road and quay along the rive gauche of the Seine, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Formerly the Quai de Javel, after the town of Javel formerly on the site (this developed in 1485 out of the village of Javetz and its small port and boat yard), it was renamed in honour of the car manufacturer André Citroën (1878–1935).

The Citroën factories operated there between 1915 and 1974 (on what is now the Parc André Citroën).

The quay's axis is largely north-east to south-west. It continues in the north into the Quai de Grenelle at the Pont de Grenelle, and to the south by the Quai d'Issy-les-Moulineaux at the Pont du Garigliano. The Pont Mirabeau also joins to the Quai André-Citroën. The whole of this quay along the Seine is occupied by the Port de Javel.
Cello Concerto (Rouse)
The Violoncello Concerto is a concerto for cello and orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse.  It was commissioned to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Los Angeles Philharmonic by philanthropist Betty Freeman—to whom the work is dedicated—and completed October 27, 1992.  The piece was premiered in Los Angeles, January 26, 1994, with conductor David Zinman leading cellist Yo-Yo Ma and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.

Betty Freeman
Betty Freeman (2 June 1921 – 3 January 2009) was an American philanthropist and photographer. She had originally trained to be a concert pianist, practicing six to eight hours per day for twenty years, but eventually, by the mid-1960s, gave up this dream to pursue concert managing.
2006 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2006 Italian Open (also known as 2006 Rome Masters and the 2006 Internazionali d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 63rd edition of the Italian Open and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2006 ATP Tour and of the Tier I Series of the 2006 WTA Tour. It took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy from 8 May through 22 May 2006.

Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.
Bass Brothers
The Bass Brothers are an American record producer brother duo comprising Mark and Jeff Bass. They were responsible for helping Eminem with the creation of Infinite. Before that, they worked with George Clinton. Tracks from those sessions ended up on the P-Funk All Stars album Dope Dogs. Jeff Bass is considered one of the most influential people in Eminem's career. On their work with Eminem, Mark and Jeff Bass are credited as F.B.T. Productions.

Beautiful (Eminem song)
"Beautiful" is the fifth and final single from American rapper Eminem's sixth studio album Relapse, released on August 11, 2009. The song samples "Reaching Out", originally recorded by British rock band Rock Therapy. This version of "Reaching Out" is taken from the Queen + Paul Rodgers 2005–2006 tour, which used Eminem's "Lose Yourself" as the house music. The song was partially written during the first time Eminem went to rehab in 2005.

The song was partially recorded in 2006, and would not be finished until he got clean years later. After he got clean, he added a third verse to the song, and released the song on Relapse.
European Universities Handball Championships
European Universities Handball Championships were included on the EUSA Sports Program in 2006 and have been organised annually since.

The European Universities Handball Championships are coordinated by the European University Sports Association along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European universities championships.

European Universities Championships
European Universities Championships (EUC) are university sports competitions governed by the European University Sports Association (EUSA) since 2001. There are currently 23 sports in which the championships are organised. Participants in these events are European university teams and individuals.

In 2019 new Championships were created for kickboxing, orienteering, beach handball and water polo.
Norwegian County Road 362 (Møre og Romsdal)
County Road 362 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 362) is a 19.1-kilometer (11.9 mi) road in Aure Municipality.

The road branches off from County Road 680 at the Mjosund Bridge in Giset and runs south along the east coast of the island of Ertvågsøya. It then turns west and runs along the shore above Arasvik Fjord until it terminates in Vågosen at the junction with County Road 682, just before the ferry dock in Arasvika.

The road is also named Mjosundvegen (Mjosund Road) after the strait that it runs parallel to along its northern stretch. The road is subject to landslides in places.

Aure Municipality
Aure is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the region of Nordmøre. The administrative centre is the village of Aure. Other villages in Aure include Gullstein, Stemshaug, Todalen, Tjeldbergodden, Arasvika, Vågosen, and Tømmervåg. Aure has one of the largest wooden churches in Norway, Aure Church.

The 641-square-kilometre (247 sq mi) municipality is the 179th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Aure Municipality is the 218th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,408. The municipality's population density is 5.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.7% over the previous 10-year period.
The Duke (Joe Jackson album)
The Duke is the 18th studio album by English musician Joe Jackson. The album was first released on 22 June  2012 in Continental Europe by earMUSIC and was released in the US on 26 June by Razor & Tie Recordings.

The album is a tribute to Duke Ellington, the American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra.

Upon its release, The Duke received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 59 based on 10 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average reviews".

The album debuted at No. 93 on the Billboard 200, and No. 1 on the Top Jazz Albums chart, selling around 5,000 copies in its first week of release.  The album has sold 13,000 copies in the United States as of September 2015.

Zuco 103
Zuco 103 is a Dutch musical ensemble which plays music chiefly in the styles of the music of Brazil.

The ensemble was initially founded under the name Rec.a in 1989 by students at the Rotterdam Conservatory. Three members of the ensemble SfeQ (singer Lilian Vieira, keyboardist Stefan Schmid, and drummer Stefan Kruger) began working together as a trio, exploring the musical repertory of Vieira's native land, Brazil. They released their debut album in 2000, and their 2006 full-length Whaa! reached #11 on the U.S. Billboard World Music charts.
Heroes in Hell
Heroes in Hell is a series of shared world fantasy books, within the genre Bangsian fantasy, created and edited by Janet Morris and written by her, Chris Morris, C. J. Cherryh and others.  The first 12 books in the series were published by Baen Books between 1986 and 1989, and stories from the series include one Hugo Award winner and Nebula nominee ("Gilgamesh in the Outback" by Robert Silverberg from Rebels in Hell), as well as one other Nebula Award nominee. The series was resurrected in 2011 by Janet Morris with the thirteenth book and eighth anthology in the series, Lawyers in Hell, followed by eight more anthologies and four novels between 2012 and 2022.

Brian Stableford
Brian Michael Stableford (25 July 1948 – 24 February 2024) was a British academic, critic and science fiction writer who published a hundred novels and more than a hundred volumes of translations. His earlier books were published under the name Brian M. Stableford, but later ones dropped the middle initial and appeared under the name Brian Stableford. He also used the pseudonym Brian Craig for some of his very early and late works. The pseudonym derives from the first names of himself and of a school friend from the 1960s, Craig A. Mackintosh, with whom he jointly published some very early work.
Naboth Winsor
Naboth Winsor (October 5, 1916 – June 1997) was born to Robert Stewart Winsor and Jane (Butt) Winsor, on Winsor's Island, one of the islands comprising Swain's Island, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland. Winsor and his family moved to nearby Wesleyville when he was four years old. Winsor received a Bachelor of Arts Degree, the Degree of Master of Divinity, and a Master of Arts Degree. He was an Ordained United Church Minister, and later, an author. Winsor was a United Church Minister for forty-four years, and he wrote several books on certain aspects of Newfoundland History, primarily on areas in Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland.

Memorial University of Newfoundland
Memorial University of Newfoundland, or MUN (/mʌn/), is a public research university in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, based in St. John's, with satellite campuses in Corner Brook, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, and Harlow, England.  Memorial University offers certificate, diploma, undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate programs, as well as online courses and degrees.

Founded in September 1925 as a memorial to Newfoundlanders and Labradorians who died in the First World War, Memorial is the largest university in Atlantic Canada; it is also Newfoundland and Labrador's only university. As of 2018, there were 1,330 faculty and 2,474 staff, supporting 18,000 students from nearly 100 countries.
Astronomical naming conventions
In ancient times, only the Sun and Moon, a few stars, and the most easily visible planets had names. Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects, and where relevant, features of those objects.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the recognized authority in astronomy for assigning designations to celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and minor planets, including any surface features on them. In response to the need for unambiguous names for astronomical objects, it has created a number of systematic naming systems for objects of various sorts.

Whirlpool Galaxy
The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as Messier 51a (M51a) or NGC 5194, is an interacting grand-design spiral galaxy with a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus. It lies in the constellation Canes Venatici, and was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. It is 31 million lightyears (9.5 megaparsecs/Mpc) away and 23.58 kiloparsecs (76,900 ly) in diameter.

The galaxy and its companion, NGC 5195, are easily observed by amateur astronomers, and the two galaxies may be seen with binoculars. The Whirlpool Galaxy has been extensively observed by professional astronomers, who study it and its pair with dwarf galaxy NGC 5195 to understand galaxy structure (particularly structure associated with the spiral arms) and galaxy interactions. Its pair with NGC 5195 is among the most famous and relatively close interacting systems, and thus is a favorite subject of galaxy interaction models.
Calvin Jones (physician)
Calvin Jones (April 2, 1775 – September 20, 1846) was an American physician and politician who served as the Intendant of Police of Raleigh, North Carolina (present day Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina) from 1807 to 1809. Previously, he served in the North Carolina House of Commons as the representative for Johnston County from 1799 to 1802 and Wake County in 1807. During the War of 1812; he commanded the state's seventh militia division, having previously served as the adjutant general of North Carolina.

Jones also helped found the North Carolina Medical Society, served as a trustee of the University of North Carolina from 1802 to 1832 and the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina from 1817 to 1820. He claimed to know Andrew Jackson and the first lady "very well personally" in a letter he wrote to a cousin in 1828.

Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina
The mayor of Raleigh is the mayor of Raleigh, the state capital of North Carolina, in the United States. Raleigh operates with council-manager government, under which the mayor is elected separately from Raleigh City Council, of which they are the eighth member.
High Pike (Scandale)
High Pike is a fell in the English Lake District, located five kilometres north of Ambleside. Situated in the Eastern Fells, it can be confused with another Lake District High Pike in the Northern Fells. High Pike reaches a height of 656 metres (2,152 ft). It is sometimes referred to as Scandale Fell, although this name really only applies to the high ground at the head of Scandale.

Northern Fells
The Northern Fells are a part of the Cumbrian Mountains in the Lake District of England. Including Skiddaw, they occupy a wide area to the north of Keswick. Smooth, sweeping slopes predominate, with a minimum of tarns or crags. Blencathra in the south-east of the group is the principal exception to this trend.
Calcium carbide
Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide.

The pure material is colorless, while pieces of technical-grade calcium carbide are grey or brown and consist of about 80–85% of CaC2 (the rest is CaO (calcium oxide), Ca3P2 (calcium phosphide), CaS (calcium sulfide), Ca3N2 (calcium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), C (carbon), etc.). In the presence of trace moisture, technical-grade calcium carbide emits an unpleasant odor reminiscent of garlic.

Applications of calcium carbide include manufacture of acetylene gas, generation of acetylene in carbide lamps, manufacture of chemicals for fertilizer, and steelmaking.

Calcium sulfide
Calcium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula CaS.  This white material crystallizes in cubes like rock salt.  CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization. Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour of H2S, which results from small amount of this gas formed by hydrolysis of the salt.

In terms of its atomic structure, CaS crystallizes in the same motif as sodium chloride indicating that the bonding in this material is highly ionic.  The high melting point is also consistent with its description as an ionic solid.  In the crystal, each S2− ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six Ca2+ ions, and complementarily, each Ca2+ ion surrounded by six S2− ions.
Gaston Mervale
Gaston Mervale (1866–1959) was an English-born director and actor who worked on the English, Australian and US stage and directed Australian films. Born Gaston Mistowski in Torquay, Devon, England in 1866, after performing on stage in the UK he came to Australia in late 1897 to work for J.C. Williamson's. After returning to England he then appeared on stage for several years in New York. He returned to Australia in 1904 with the Tittell Brune Company. Early in 1911 he was employed to direct several films for the Australian Life Biograph Company, which featured actors Louise Lovely and Godfrey Cass. He worked in the US for the five years 1912-1917, on stage, acted in several films and was director of The Stubbornness of Geraldine in 1915. He returned to Australia in 1917 to produce plays. He died in Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia in 1959.

Godfrey Cass
Godfrey Cass (1867 – 14 May 1951) was an Australian actor in the silent era. Between 1906 and 1935 he acted in nineteen film roles. He played Ned Kelly three times, and also had roles in a number of other bushranger movies including A Tale of the Australian Bush (1911) and Moondyne (1913).
Indian influence in Bangladesh
Since the independence of Bangladesh, India has been accused of exerting dominance or "hegemony" in political, economic, military, and cultural spheres of Bangladesh. The issue is often debated in the context of bilateral relations, with proponents citing India's role in the 1971 Liberation War and subsequent aid, trade dependencies, and security cooperation as evidence of asymmetric power dynamics. Critics, including some Bangladeshi nationalists, argue it manifests in areas like border disputes, water-sharing agreements (e.g., the Ganges Water Treaty), and political interventions, while Indian perspectives emphasize mutual benefits and regional stability under frameworks like SAARC and BIMSTEC. The notion remains a contentious issue in Bangladeshi discourse, influencing domestic politics and foreign policy.

BIMSTEC
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organization of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$5.2 trillion (2023). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.

Fourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centers have been established to focus on those sectors. As of 2018, BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation, considered similar to SAARC.

Leadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka, Bangladesh.