hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Alchemy of Race and Rights
The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor is a memoir and critical legal studies text by Columbia University law professor Patricia J. Williams. Williams won a MacArthur Fellowship in part in recognition of the book's achievements.

Critical legal studies
Critical legal studies (CLS) is a school of critical theory that developed in the United States during the 1970s. CLS adherents claim that laws are devised to maintain the status quo of society and thereby codify its biases against marginalized groups.

Despite wide variations in the opinions of critical legal scholars around the world, there is a consensus regarding the key goals of critical legal studies:

to demonstrate the ambiguity and possible preferential outcomes of supposedly impartial and rigid legal doctrines;

to publicize historical, social, economic and psychological results of legal decisions;

to demystify legal analysis and legal culture in order to impose transparency on legal processes so that they earn the general support of socially responsible citizens.

The abbreviations "CLS" and "Crit" are sometimes used to refer to the movement and its adherents.
Illinois Innocence Project
The Illinois Innocence Project, a member of the national Innocence Project network, is a non-profit legal organization that works to exonerate wrongfully convicted people and reform the criminal justice system to prevent future injustice.

The national Innocence Project was founded by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld in 1992.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
Welcome, Ontario
Welcome  is a community in the municipality of Port Hope, Northumberland County, Ontario, Canada. It is located at the crossroads of County Road 10, heading north to the community of Canton; County Road 74, heading east to Dale; and County Road 2 (formerly Ontario Highway 2) heading west to Morrish and southeast to interchange 461 on Ontario Highway 401 and further southeast to the town centre of Port Hope.

Canton, Ontario
Canton is a hamlet in southeastern Ontario, a few kilometers (a few miles) north of Port Hope. It has a small wooden chapel built in 1832, one of the oldest in the region. Canton was once the home of Vincent Massey, the lawyer, diplomat and Governor General of Canada.
Agnese di Montefeltro
Agnese di Montefeltro (Gubbio, 1470 – Rome, 1523) was the daughter of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino and of his second wife, Battista Sforza. She was married to Fabrizio Colonna (1460–1520), duke of Paliano with whom she had six children, among which was the poet Vittoria Colonna. She died, a widow, in 1522 on her way home to Rome, coming back from a pilgrimage at Loreto Sanctuary.

Federico da Montefeltro
Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro KG (7 June 1422 – 10 September 1482), was one of the most successful mercenary captains (condottieri) of the Italian Renaissance. He became the lord of Urbino in 1444, and ruled the city as its duke from 1474 until his death. In addition to his considerable reputation for martial skill and honour, he was a renowned intellectual humanist and civic leader. Montefeltro commissioned the construction of a great library, perhaps the largest of Italy after the Vatican's, complete with a team of scribes in its scriptorium. He also assembled a large humanistic court in his Ducal Palace, designed by Luciano Laurana and Francesco di Giorgio Martini.
Hevajra
Hevajra (Tibetan: ཀྱེའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་ kye'i rdo rje / kye rdo rje; Chinese: 喜金剛 Xǐ jīngāng /  	
呼金剛 Hū jīngāng;) is one of the main yidams (enlightened beings) in Tantric, or Vajrayana Buddhism. Hevajra's consort is Nairātmyā (Tibetan: བདག་མེད་མ་ bdag med ma).

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
John Ryves
Christianity portal

The Ven John Ryves (1593- 1665) was Archdeacon of Berkshire from 1634 until his death.

He became Rector of Tarrant Gunville in 1620; Canon of Sarum in 1625; Rector  of North Moreton in 1634; Rector  of Manston in 1635; and Canon of Winchester in 1660.

He died on 19 August 1665.

Archdeacon of Berkshire
The Archdeacon of Berkshire (also rendered Archdeacon of Berks) is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Oxford. The archdeacon is the head of the archdeaconry of Berkshire, a post historically found within the diocese of Salisbury, and then, from 7 October 1836, within Oxford diocese.
Heart (Chinese constellation)
The Heart mansion (Chinese: 心宿; pinyin: Xīn Xiù; also called 商宿; Shāng Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.  It is one of the eastern mansions of the Azure Dragon. Its prominent figure is the star Alpha Scorpii.

Twenty-Eight Mansions
The Twenty-Eight Mansions (Chinese: 二十八宿; pinyin: Èrshíbā Xiù), also called xiu or hsiu, are part of the Chinese constellations system. They can be considered as the equivalent to the zodiacal constellations in Western astronomy, though the Twenty-eight Mansions reflect the movement of the Moon through a sidereal month rather than the Sun in a tropical year. Each mansion is roughly a day of the month.

The lunar mansion system was in use in other parts of East Asia, such as ancient Japan; the Bansenshūkai, written by Fujibayashi Yasutake, mentions the system several times and includes an image of the twenty-eight mansions.

A similar system, called nakshatra, is used in traditional Indian astronomy.
Recess (break)
Recess is a general term for a period in which a group of people are temporarily dismissed from their duties.

In education, recess is the American and Australian term (known as break or playtime in the UK), where students have a mid morning snack and play before having lunch after a few more lessons. Recess could occur during other times of the school day, such as after lunch or before dismissal. Typically ten to thirty minutes, in elementary school where students are allowed to leave the school's interior to enter its adjacent outside park where they play on equipment such as slides and swings, play basketball, tetherball, study, make up any missing assignments or talk. Many middle and high schools also offer a recess to provide students with a sufficient opportunity to consume quick snacks, communicate with their peers, visit the restroom, study, and various other activities.

Period (school)
A school period is a block of time allocated to particular classes, courses or lessons in schools. They typically last between 30 and 60 minutes, with around 3-10 periods per school day. However, especially in higher education, there can be many more. Educators determine the number and length of these periods, and may even regulate how each period will be used. One common example of this practice is to designate at least one compulsory period a day for physical education.
Osericta
Osericta is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1901. As of August 2019 it contains only two species, found only in Brazil and Peru: O. cheliferoides and O. dives.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Communist Party of Persia
The Communist Party of Persia (Persian: حزب کمونیست ایران, romanized: Ḥezb-e komūnīst-e Iran) was an Iranian communist party. Originally established as the Justice Party (Persian: فرقه عدالت, romanized: Ferqa'ye ʿEdālat) in 1917 by the former social democrats who supported Baku-based Bolsheviks, it participated in the Communist International in 1919 and was renamed the "Communist Party of Persia" in 1920.

Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, one of the leaders of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, was elected as its general secretary. Its foundation came about as a result of the establishment of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, earlier that year, by Mirza Kuchik Khan and his Jangali ("Jungle Movement") insurgents.

The party was banned in 1921 (coinciding with the defeat of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic), though members continued activities underground until the foundation of the Tudeh Party of Iran in 1941, which thereafter became the official communist party in the country.

Social Democratic Party (Iran)
The Social Democratic Party (Persian: فرقه اجتماعیون عامیون, romanized: Ferqa'ye Ejtemāʿīyūn-e ʿāmmīyūn) was a political party formed by Persian emigrants in Transcaucasia with the help of local revolutionaries, maintaining close ties to the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and Hemmat Party.

It was the first Iranian socialist organization.

The party created its own mélange of European socialism and indigenous ideas and upheld liberalism and nationalism. It maintained some religious beliefs while being critical of the conservative ulama and embracing separation of church and state.
Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand
The Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 10 December 1999 to 19 November 2008. Labour Party leader Helen Clark negotiated a coalition with Jim Anderton, leader of the Alliance Party.

Jim Anderton's Progressive Party
Jim Anderton's Progressive Party (formed on 27 July 2002 as the Progressive Party and renamed after its founder in 2005) was a New Zealand political party to the political left of its ally, the Labour Party.

The party was established when Jim Anderton and his supporters left the Alliance party. The Progressive Party held at least one seat in Parliament from 2002 to 2011 because of Anderton's victories in the electorate of Wigram. The party did not contest the 2011 general election, and was de-registered at its own request on 9 March 2012 .
Hovinen
Hovinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Miro Hovinen (born 1992), Finnish ice hockey player

Niko Hovinen (born 1988), Finnish ice hockey player

Seppo Hovinen (born 1951), Finnish javelin thrower

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Pleasant Mountain Ski Area
Pleasant Mountain is a ski resort located in Bridgton, Maine, in Cumberland County.

Located on the northern end of Pleasant Mountain, the resort features two base areas and 245 skiable acres.  Pleasant Mountain first opened on January 23, 1938 and is the oldest major ski area in Maine. From 1988 until 2022, the area was known as Shawnee Peak.

Sunday River (ski resort)
Sunday River is a ski resort in the northeastern United States, located in Newry, Maine, One of Maine's largest and most visited ski resorts, its vertical drop of 2,340 feet (713 m) is the second largest in Maine (after Sugarloaf) and the sixth largest in New England. Sunday River has the most terrain among the East Coast skiing destinations, including eight different peaks. The resort features 139 trails across eight interconnected mountain peaks, and is serviced by a network of 19 lifts.

Sunday River and its sister resort Sugarloaf have been operated by Boyne Resorts since being sold by American Skiing Company in 2007 for a combined $77 million. The resort's land has been owned by CNL Lifestyle, then Och-Ziff Capital Management, and leased back to Boyne.

In 2018, Boyne Resorts completed the purchase of all leased ski areas in New England from CNL Lifestyle.
Badminton at the 2022 Bolivarian Games
Badminton competitions at the 2022 Bolivarian Games in Valledupar, Colombia, were held from 25 to 29 June 2022 at Coliseo Arena de Sal in Zipaquirá, a sub-venue in the Cundinamarca department.

Six medal events were scheduled to be contested; singles and doubles for men and women, mixed doubles and mixed teams. A total of 49 athletes (25 men and 24 women) competed in the events. The events were open competitions without age restrictions.

Peru, who were the competition defending champions after Santa Marta 2017, won the badminton competitions again after winning 5 of the 6 gold medals at stake.

2022 Bolivarian Games
The 2022 Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos), officially the XIX Bolivarian Games Valledupar 2022, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Valledupar, Colombia from June 24 to July 5. It was the fifth time of the event in Colombia.
Iron Man in other media
The Marvel Comics character Iron Man has appeared in various other media since his debut in Tales of Suspense #39 (March 1963). Iron Man has been the focus of three animated series, two Japanese animated projects, and a direct-to-DVD animated feature. An Iron Man live-action feature film starring Robert Downey Jr. as the character and directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2008, with Downey also appearing as the character in the two sequels Iron Man 2 and 3, in a cameo in The Incredible Hulk, and as a main character in several other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) including The Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: Civil War, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame.

Lego Super Heroes
Lego Super Heroes (stylized as LEGO Super Heroes) is a theme and product range of the Lego construction toy, introduced in 2011, owned by The Lego Group and licensed from DC Entertainment, Marvel Entertainment, Warner Bros. Entertainment, The Walt Disney Company and Pixar.
The Engagement (book)
The Engagement: America's Quarter-Century Struggle Over Same-Sex Marriage is a 2021 book about the history of same-sex marriage in the United States by the journalist Sasha Issenberg. Publication was delayed a year by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Engagement received generally positive reviews; critics described it as a detailed, comprehensive account.

Eric Cervini
Eric Cervini (born 1992) is an American historian and author of LGBTQ politics and culture. His 2020 book, The Deviant's War: The Homosexual vs. The United States of America, was a New York Times Bestseller  and a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. He also runs a queer history newsletter, Queer History 101, which focuses on sharing LGBTQ history.

Cervini is a member of the Harvard Gender and Sexuality Caucus' Board of Directors, as well as an advisor to the Mattachine Society in Washington, D.C.
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2014
This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2014 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ. The chart includes six albums by New Zealand artists, including two albums by brother-sister duo Broods. The chart also includes 13 albums that featured in the New Zealand top 50 albums of 2013. The 2014 chart was the first to include online streaming as well as sales data.

New Zealand top 50 albums of 2013
This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2013 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ.  Twelve of the albums were of New Zealand origin. The top album, Sol3 Mio by Sol3 Mio, was released just five weeks before the chart was compiled.
ATP cone
In molecular biology, the ATP-cone is an evolutionarily mobile, ATP-binding regulatory domain which is found in a variety of proteins including ribonucleotide reductases, phosphoglycerate kinases and transcriptional regulators.

In ribonucleotide reductase protein R1 from Escherichia coli this domain is located at the N terminus, and is composed mostly of helices. It forms part of the allosteric effector region and contains the general allosteric activity site in a cleft located at the tip of the N-terminal region. This site binds either ATP (activating) or dATP (inhibitory), with the base bound in a hydrophobic pocket and the phosphates bound to basic residues. Substrate binding to this site is thought to affect enzyme activity by altering the relative positions of the two subunits of ribonucleotide reductase.

The ATP-cone domain also is a key part of NrdR, that controls transcription of ribonucleotide reductases in bacteria, in response to ATP and dATP levels.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
70 Virginis b
70 Virginis b (abbreviated 70 Vir b) is an extrasolar planet approximately 60 light-years away in the constellation of Virgo.  Announced in 1996 by Geoffrey Marcy and R. Paul Butler, 70 Virginis was one of the first stars confirmed to have planets orbiting it.  When first announced, 70 Virginis b was considered to be within its star's habitable zone (preferably in the "Goldilocks zone"), but it was later confirmed that the planet has an eccentric orbit, closer to its parent.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Day bomber
A day bomber is a bomber aircraft designed specifically for bombing missions in daylight. The term is now mostly of historical significance, because aircraft suited to both day and night bombing missions have become the norm.

Night bomber
A night bomber is a bomber aircraft intended specifically for carrying out bombing missions at night. The term is now mostly of historical significance. Night bombing began in World War I and was widespread during World War II. A number of modern aircraft types are designed primarily for nighttime bombing, but air forces no longer refer to them as night bombers. More common terms today include interdictor and strike fighter, and such aircraft tend to have all-weather, day-or-night capabilities.
Tetramethylphosphonium bromide
Tetramethylphosphonium bromide is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH3)4PBr. It is a white, water-soluble solid, the salt of the cation tetramethylphosphonium and the bromide anion.  It is prepared by treating trimethylphosphine with methyl bromide.

Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.  Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm.
Jelični Vrh
Jelični Vrh (pronounced [jɛˈliːtʃni ˈʋəɾx]; German: Jelitschenwerch) is a dispersed settlement in the hills southeast of Idrija in the traditional Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Baraka, Goverkarjev Vrh, Kališe, Pod Veharšami (or Veharše), and Vrh Žale.

Idrija
Idrija (pronounced [ˈìːdɾija] ⓘ, in older sources Zgornja Idrija; German: (Ober)idria, Italian: Idria) is a town in western Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Idrija. It is notable for its mercury mine with stores and infrastructure, as well as miners' living quarters, and a miners' theatre. Together with the Spanish mine at Almadén, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2012. Idrija is also known for Idrija Lace, a bobbin tape lace which is registered under protected geographical indication by the Slovenian Intellectual Property Office. In 2011, Idrija was given the Alpine Town of the Year award.
Directorate of Special Departments within NKVD USSR
Directorate of Special Departments within NKVD USSR. rus. Управление Особых Отделов при НКВД СССР, (UOO) was an organization created in 1941 to conduct military counterintelligence under one command. The UOO was created to take back control from the retreating Red Army after the German invasion of the USSR and to counter German espionage efforts in the Soviet Armed forces. The principle tactic used by the UOO on Red Army personnel was intimidation and terror.

Vsevolod Merkulov
Vsevolod Nikolayevich Merkulov (Russian: Всеволод Николаевич Меркулов; 27 November [O.S. 25 October] 1895 – 23 December 1953) was the head of NKGB from February to July 1941, and again from April 1943 to March 1946. He was a leading member of what was later derisively described as the "Beria gang".