hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natural scientific research in Canada
This article outlines the history of natural scientific research in Canada, including physics, astronomy, space science, geology, oceanography, chemistry, biology, and medical research. Neither the social sciences nor the formal sciences are treated here.

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; French: Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada; IRSC) is a federal agency responsible for funding health and medical research in Canada. Comprising 13 institutes, it was formed on June 7, 2000 and is the successor to the Medical Research Council of Canada.

CIHR supports more than 15,000 researchers and trainees through grants, fellowships, scholarships, and other funding, as part of the federal government's investment in health research. Paul C. Hébert is the current President. CIHR's budget for 2023-2024 was CA$1.3 billion and the number of employees (FTE) was 327.

Along with the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the CIHR forms the major source of federal government funding to post-secondary research. They are collectively referred to as the "Tri-Council" or "Tri-Agency".
Musical analysis
Musical analysis is the study of musical structure in either compositions or performances. According to music theorist Ian Bent, music analysis "is the means of answering directly the question 'How does it work?'". The method employed to answer this question, and indeed exactly what is meant by the question, differs from analyst to analyst, and according to the purpose of the analysis. According to Bent, "its emergence as an approach and method can be traced back to the 1750s. However it existed as a scholarly tool, albeit an auxiliary one, from the Middle Ages onwards."

The principle of analysis has been variously criticized, especially by composers, such as Edgard Varèse's claim that, "to explain by means of [analysis] is to decompose, to mutilate the spirit of a work".

Milton Babbitt
Milton Byron Babbitt (May 10, 1916 – January 29, 2011) was an American composer, music theorist, mathematician, and teacher. He was a Pulitzer Prize and MacArthur Fellowship recipient, recognized for his serial and electronic music.
1971–72 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1971 season began on December 25, 1971. The postseason tournament concluded with the Dallas Cowboys defeating the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl VI, 24–3, on January 16, 1972, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Like the previous NFL seasons, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly divisional rotation, excluding the wild card teams which would always play on the road. It was the first time that the NFL scheduled games on Christmas Day, a decision that drew considerable criticism.

Irving, Texas
Irving is a city in Dallas County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Mid-Cities region of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and is an inner city suburb of Dallas.  The city had a population of 256,684 according to the 2020 United States census, making it the twelfth-most populous city in Texas, and the 90th most populous in the U.S. Irving includes the Las Colinas mixed-use master-planned community and part of the Dallas Fort Worth International Airport.
World Film Festival of Bangkok
The World Film Festival of Bangkok (Thai: เทศกาลภาพยนตร์โลกแห่งกรุงเทพฯ) is an annual international film festival held in Bangkok, Thailand.

The 15th World Film Festival of Bangkok, the latest edition of the film festival, was held from December 2 to December 11, 2022.

CentralWorld
CentralWorld (Thai: เซ็นทรัลเวิลด์, styled as centralwOrld), is a shopping plaza and complex in the Siam area of Bangkok, in Thailand. It is the ninth-largest shopping center in the world. The complex, which includes a hotel and office tower, is owned by Central Pattana. In 2006, after three years of design and renovation, CentralWorld was expanded to 550,000 m2 (5,900,000 sq ft) of shopping mall and 830,000 m2 (8,900,000 sq ft) of remaining complex, topping nearby rival Siam Paragon in terms of size.
Finisterre languages
The Finisterre languages are a language family, spoken in the Finisterre Range of Papua New Guinea, classified within the original Trans–New Guinea (TNG) proposal, and William A. Foley considers their TNG identity to be established. They share with the Huon languages a small closed class of verbs taking pronominal object prefixes some of which are cognate across both families (Suter 2012), strong morphological evidence that they are related.

The most populous Finisterre languages are Wantoat, Rawa, and Yopno, with about 10,000 speakers apiece, and Iyo, with about half that number.

Trans–New Guinea languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia.

Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been several main proposals as to its internal classification.
2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's 1000 metres
The 1000 metres distance for men in the 2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over 10 races on seven occasions, out of a total of nine World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Berlin, Germany, on 7–9 November 2008, and the final occasion taking place in Salt Lake City, United States, on 6–7 March 2009.

Shani Davis of the United States defended his title from the previous season, while Denny Morrison of Canada repeated his second place, and Stefan Groothuis of the Netherlands came third.

On the last competition weekend of the season, Davis set a new world record of 1:06.42.

2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup
The 2008–09 ISU Speed Skating World Cup, officially the Essent ISU World Cup Speed Skating 2008–2009, was a series of  international speed skating competitions which ran the entire season. The season started on 7 November 2008 in Berlin, Germany, and ended on 7 March 2009 in Salt Lake City, United States. In total, nine competition weekends were held at eight different locations, twelve cups were contested (six for men, and six for women), and 84 races took place. The World Cup is organized by the International Skating Union (ISU).
Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award
The Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award is a professional award conferred by the ACS Rubber Division.  Established in 1983, the award is named after Melvin Mooney, developer of the Mooney viscometer and of the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic law.  The award consists of an engraved plaque and prize money.  The medal honors individuals "who have exhibited exceptional technical competency by making significant and repeated contributions to rubber science and technology".

Thermoplastic vulcanizates
Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are a type of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) that undergo vulcanization processes during manufacturing, giving elastomeric properties to the final product. Vulcanization involves the cross-linking of polymer chains, leading to increased strength, durability, and flexibility. Their thermoplastic nature allows TPVs, unlike traditional vulcanized rubbers, to be melted and reprocessed multiple times. Across the automotive, household appliance, electrical, construction, and healthcare sectors, nearly 100 TPV grades are used globally.

Monsanto trademarked the name Santoprene for these materials in 1977. The trademark is now owned by the Celanese Corporation. Similar material is available from Elastron, and others.
95 Arethusa
95 Arethusa is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by German astronomer Robert Luther on 23 November 1867, and named after one of the various Arethusas in Greek mythology. Arethusa has been observed occulting a star three times: first on 2 February 1998, and twice in January 2003.

This object is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.36 years and an eccentricity of 0.15. The cross-section diameter is around 136 km and it is spinning with a rotation period of 8.7 hours. The spectrum matches a C-type asteroid, indicating a dark surface with a primitive carbonaceous composition.

Robert Luther
Karl Theodor Robert Luther (16 April 1822, Świdnica – 15 February 1900 Düsseldorf), normally published as Robert Luther, was a German astronomer. While working at the Bilk Observatory in Düsseldorf, Germany, he searched for asteroids and discovered 24 of them between 1852 and 1890. Seven times Lalande Prize winner.
Mountain House Creek
Mountain House Creek is a 11.3-mile-long (18.2 km) east/northeast-flowing intermittent stream draining the eastern Diablo Range in Alameda and San Joaquin Counties, California. The creek bisects the community of Mountain House  and continues northeast to join the Old River, which was the original course of the San Joaquin River in the San Joaquin Valley of California.

Mountain House, Alameda County, California
Mountain House (formerly, Zimmerman's and Zimmerman's Mountain House) was a historic waystop for forty-niners halfway from San Francisco to the Sierra Nevada gold country. The unincorporated community is in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Livermore, and 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the Altamont Pass, historically the Livermore Pass, at an altitude of 207 feet (63 m), between the California Aqueduct and the Delta-Mendota Canal. San Joaquin County's Mountain House borrowed the name of the historic Mountain House and is located two miles (3 km) to the northeast further downstream on Mountain House Creek.
Moshe ben Yonatan Galante
Moshe ben Yonatan Galante (Hebrew: משה גאלנטי; 1621 – 4 February 1689 Jerusalem), grandson of Moshe Galante, was a 17th-century rabbi at Jerusalem. He served as the first Rishon Le'Zion and was called Magen (מגן) with reference to the initials of his name. Hezekiah da Silva was among his disciples.

He wrote Zebaḥ ha-Shelamim, a harmonisation of contradictory Biblical passages and of Biblical with Talmudical statements (edited by his grandson Moses Ḥagis, Amsterdam, 1707–08), and Ḳorban Ḥagigah, halakic and kabalistic novellæ (Venice, 1714).  Some of his responsa are found in the works of contemporaries, and a volume of his responsa exists under the title Elef ha-Magen, but has never been published (as of 1906).

Moshe ben Mordechai Galante
Moshe ben Mordechai Galante (Hebrew: משה בן מרדכי גאלאנטי‎; died 1608 in Safed), was a 16th-century rabbi. He was a disciple of Joseph Caro, and was ordained by Caro when he was only twenty-two years old. He wrote sermons for a wedding, for Passover, and for a thanksgiving service, printed with the younger Obadiah Bertinoro's commentary on the Book of Esther (Venice, 1585). He also wrote Miftaḥ ha-Zohar, an index of Biblical passages found in the Zohar and additions from old manuscripts (ib. 1566), Kehillat Ya'aḳob, a cabalistic commentary on Ecclesiastes (ib. 1577–78), and responsa with additions by his son Jedidiah Galante (ib. 1608).
Tokorozawa Aviation Museum
The Tokorozawa Aviation Museum (所沢航空発祥記念館, Tokorozawa Kōkū Hasshō Kinenkan) is a museum located in the city of Tokorozawa, Saitama, dedicated to the history of aviation in Japan. It contains aircraft and other displays (many of which are interactive) and an IMAX theatre. Located on the site of Japan's first airfield which started operations in 1911 with a flight by Yoshitoshi Tokugawa, the original single runway is still visible and has been incorporated into a larger multifunction park adjacent to the museum. It is located in the Tokorozawa Aviation Memorial Park.

Bell H-13 Sioux
The Bell H-13 Sioux is an American single-engine light helicopter built and produced by Bell Helicopter for the military and licence-produced by Westland Aircraft for the British military as the Sioux AH.1 and HT.2. It was the first helicopter to be certified for civil use. The H-13 Sioux is named after the epynomous Native American ethnic group.
2013 Capital One Bowl
The 2013 Citrus Bowl, known as the Capital One Bowl for sponsorship purposes, was the sixty-seventh edition of the college football bowl game, played on January 1, 2013 at the Florida Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. Part of the 2012–13 bowl season, it featured No. 7 Georgia of the SEC and No. 16 Nebraska of the Big Ten. The game began at 1:00 p.m. EST and was broadcast on ABC.

A record-breaking performance from UGA quarterback Aaron Murray led the Bulldogs to a 45–31 victory in a game that featured over 1,000 combined yards of offense.

2012–13 NCAA football bowl games
The 2012–13 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games.  They concluded the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and included 35 team-competitive games and four all-star games.  The games began on Saturday, December 15, 2012, and, aside from the all-star games, concluded with the 2013 BCS National Championship Game in Miami Gardens, Florida that was played on January 7, 2013.

The total of 35 team-competitive bowls was unchanged from the previous year. While bowl games had been the purview of only the very best teams for nearly a century, this was the seventh consecutive year that teams with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games.  To fill the 70 available team-competitive bowl slots, a total of 13 teams (19% of all participants) with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games—12 had a .500 (6-6) season and, for the second consecutive year, a team with a sub-.500 (6-7) season was invited to a bowl game.
Prignitz II/Ostprignitz-Ruppin II
Prignitz II/Ostprignitz-Ruppin II is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Brandenburg. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 2. It is located in the Prignitz district

Prignitz
Prignitz (German: [ˈpʁiːɡnɪts] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in northwestern Brandenburg, in northeastern Germany. Neighboring districts, clockwise from the north, are Ludwigslust-Parchim (in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Ostprignitz-Ruppin (Brandenburg), Stendal (Saxony-Anhalt), and Lüchow-Dannenberg (Lower Saxony).
114th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 114th Illinois Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Illinois that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Formed in September 1862, the regiment served in Ulysses S. Grant's Central Mississippi campaign, in the Vicksburg campaign, at Brices Cross Roads, at Tupelo, in the 1864 Missouri campaign, at Nashville, and at Spanish Fort. At Nashville, the unit participated in the decisive attack on Shy's Hill. In 1865, the regiment was reassigned as pontoniers. The regiment was mustered out in August 1865.

Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is the 14th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, and the county seat of Lafayette County, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Memphis. A college town, Oxford surrounds the University of Mississippi or "Ole Miss". Founded in 1837, the city is named after Oxford, England.

Purchasing the land from a Chickasaw, pioneers founded Oxford in 1837. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, who served as a US Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior, also lived and is buried in Oxford.

At the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416.
2019 Open Harmonie mutuelle
The 2019 Open Harmonie mutuelle was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Saint-Brieuc, France between 25 and 31 March 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Voivodeship road 103
Voivodeship road 103 (Polish: Droga wojewódzka nr 103, abbreviated DW 103) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route runs in the north of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship for 36 km which links Kamień Pomorski with Trzebiatów. The route runs through two powiats (Gmina Kamień Pomorski and Gmina Świerzno.

Voivodeship road
According to classes and categories of public roads in Poland, a voivodeship road (Polish: droga wojewódzka) is a category of roads one step below national roads in importance. The roads are numbered from 100 to 993. Total length of voivodeship roads in Poland is 28,536 km (17,730 mi) of which 61.4 km (38 mi) are unpaved (2008).
Cardinia, Victoria
Cardinia is a town in Victoria, Australia, 52 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Cardinia local government area. Cardinia recorded a population of 342 at the 2021 census.

Cardinia is located between Pakenham and Tooradin on the south-eastern fringe of Melbourne.

The Post Office opened on 1 September 1881, was known as Cardinia Creek until 1912, and closed in 1970.

Cardinia is part of the Australian Rules ROC Football Club (Rythdale, Officer, Cardinia) competing in the Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League.

Pakenham, Victoria
Pakenham (/ˈpækənəm/ ⓘ PACK-kən-əm)  is a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, 53 km (33 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District and the most populous in the Shire of Cardinia. Pakenham recorded a population of 54,118 at the 2021 census.

Pakenham has become a major growth area in south-eastern Melbourne as new housing developments have boosted its population and infrastructure, as exemplified in the development of the Lakeside, Heritage Springs and Cardinia Lakes estates.
Peter Rohde (footballer)
Peter Rohde (born 18 November 1949 in Rostock) is a former German football player and coach. Rohde played for BFC Dynamo in the DDR-Oberliga between 1969 and 1978. He is the older brother of German football player Frank Rohde.

Dynamo Dresden
Sportgemeinschaft Dynamo Dresden e.V., commonly known as SG Dynamo Dresden or Dynamo Dresden, is a German association football club based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded on 12 April 1953 as a club affiliated with the East German police and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles. The club is known for its dedicated fan culture of Dynamo Ultras, and elaborate choreographs.

After the reunification of Germany, Dynamo played four seasons in the top division, Bundesliga, from 1991 to 1995, but have since drifted between the second and fourth tiers. The club competes in the 2. Bundesliga, the second division of German Football following promotion in the 2024–25 season.

The club's traditional kit colours are gold and black, derived from the official city flag and the coat of arms of the city of Dresden.
Boris Malagurski
Boris Malagurski (Serbian Cyrillic: Борис Малагурски; born 11 August 1988) is a Serbian-Canadian film director, producer, writer, political commentator, television host, and activist. His films include the documentary series The Weight of Chains.

Nova srpska politička misao
Nova srpska politička misao (Serbian: Нова српска политичка мисао; English: New Serbian political thought) is a right wing Belgrade-based publisher and quarterly magazine dealing with politics and policy studies.
Heidelberg University Faculty of Law
The Heidelberg University Faculty of Law (also known as Heidelberg Law School), located in Heidelberg, Germany, is one of the original four constituent faculties of Heidelberg University. Founded in 1386 by Rupert I, Elector Palatine, it is the oldest law school in Germany.

Staatsexamen
The Staatsexamen ("state examination" or "exam by state"; pl.: Staatsexamina) is a German government licensing examination that future physicians, dentists, physical therapists, teachers, research librarians, archivists, pharmacists, food chemists, psychotherapists and jurists (i.e., lawyers, judges, public prosecutors, civil-law notaries) as well as surveyors have to pass to be allowed to work in their profession. The examination is generally organized by government examination agencies which are under the authority of the responsible ministry. These agencies create examination commissions which consist of members of the examination agency, university professors and/or representatives from the professions.
The Staatsexamina are both legally equivalent to a master's degree in the respective operating ranges.
C. J. Cherryh bibliography
American writer C. J. Cherryh's career began with publication of her first books in 1976, Gate of Ivrel and Brothers of Earth. She has been a prolific science fiction and fantasy author since then, publishing over 80 novels,  short-story compilations, with continuing production as her blog attests. Cherryh has received the Hugo and Locus Awards for some of her novels.

Her novels are divided into various spheres, focusing mostly around the Alliance–Union universe, the Foreigner series and her fantasy novels.

Ealdwood Stories
The Ealdwood Stories, also known as the Arafel Stories, are a collection of fantasy works by American writer C. J. Cherryh. The books are works of high fantasy based in part on Celtic mythology. Arafel, a main character, is a Daoine Sidhe, the highest of the Sidhe faery-folk. She dwells in the magical small forest of Ealdwood, from which the tales take their name.
Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean
A common visa exists since the end of 2010 for the territories of Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten (landen (English: countries) within the Kingdom) and the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, which are part of the country the Netherlands) which form together the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean. The visa is not valid for the European part of the Netherlands, which is part of the Schengen Area.

Dutch nationality law
Dutch nationality law details the conditions by which a person holds Dutch nationality. The primary law governing these requirements is the Dutch Nationality Act, which came into force on 1 January 1985. Regulations apply to the entire Kingdom of the Netherlands, which includes the country of the Netherlands itself, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.

The Netherlands is a member state of the European Union (EU) and all Dutch nationals are EU citizens. They have automatic and permanent permission to live and work in any EU or European Free Trade Association (EFTA) country and may vote in elections to the European Parliament.

Any person born to at least one Dutch parent receives Dutch citizenship at birth. Foreign nationals may naturalise as Dutch citizens after living in any part of the Kingdom for at least five years, demonstrating proficiency in the Dutch language, renouncing any previous nationalities, and fulfilling a good character requirement.
2005 ECM Prague Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles of the 2005 ECM Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Jordan Kerr and Sebastián Prieto won the title by defeating Travis Parrott and Rogier Wassen 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

2005 ECM Prague Open
The 2005 ECM Prague Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague, Czech Republic from in mid-May, 2005. It was the 14th edition of the men's tournament which was part of the 2005 ATP Challenger Series and the 4th edition of the women's tournament which was part of the 2005 WTA Tour as a Tier IV tournament.