hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
July 2047 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, July 7, 2047, with an umbral magnitude of 1.7529. It will be a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon will pass through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 3.4 days after perigee (on July 4, 2047, at 0:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

Totality will last 100 minutes 49 seconds, the second longest for this Saros series.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
John Bramis
John Bramis or Bramus (14th century) was an English Augustinian friar and writer.

Bramis was attached to Thetford Priory. He translated the Roman de Waldef from French metre into Latin prose under the title Historia regis Waldei. This romance was originally written in English verse, and had been done into French at the desire of a lady.

A historical compilation entitled Historia compendiosa de regibus Britonum, and attributed to Ralph de Diceto, was printed in Thomas Gale, Quindecim Scriptores. The author repeatedly refers to a former compilation of Bromus; the work derives in fact from Geoffrey of Monmouth. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography rejects the identification of Bromus with Bramis that had been made by John Bale and Thomas Tanner.

John Bale
John Bale (21 November 1495 – November 1563) was an English churchman, historian controversialist, and Bishop of Ossory in Ireland. He wrote the oldest known historical verse drama in English (on the subject of King John), and developed and published a very extensive list of the works of British authors down to his own time, just as the monastic libraries were being dispersed. His contention that Joseph of Arimathea had brought a  proto-Protestant faith to Britain that was purer than Catholicism was to have far-reaching ramifications; but his unhappy disposition and habit of quarrelling earned him the nickname "bilious Bale".
Wisconsin's 6th Assembly district
The 6th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in northeast Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Menominee County, most of Shawano County, and parts of western Oconto County, northeast Waupaca County, and northwest Brown County, including the cities of Shawano, Clintonville, and Gillett, and the villages of Bonduel, Bowler, Cecil, Embarrass, and Pulaski.  It also contains the Menominee Indian Reservation and the Stockbridge–Munsee Community. The district is represented by Republican Elijah Behnke, since January 2025; Behnke previously represented the 89th district from May 2021 to January 2025.

The 6th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 2nd Senate district, along with the 4th and 5th Assembly districts.

Waupaca County, Wisconsin
Waupaca County (/wəˈpækə/ ⓘ wə-PAK-ə) is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,812. The county seat is Waupaca. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1853. It is named after the Waupaca River, a Menominee language name meaning "place of tomorrow seen clearly."
Nationwide Arena
Nationwide Arena is a multi-purpose arena in the Arena District of Columbus, Ohio, United States. Since completion in 2000, the arena has served as the home of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of two facilities in Columbus, along with the Greater Columbus Convention Center, that hosts events during the annual Arnold Classic, a sports and fitness event hosted by actor, bodybuilder, and former governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Greater Columbus Convention Center
The Greater Columbus Convention Center (GCCC) is the primary convention center of downtown Columbus, Ohio, United States, along the east side of North High Street.

The convention center was predominantly designed by Peter Eisenman, constructed in 1993, and expanded in 1999 and again in 2016. Venue management company ASM Global oversees day-to-day operations of the 1.8-million-square-foot (170,000 m2) facility, including 447,000 square feet (41,500 m2) of exhibit space, three ballrooms, and 75 meeting rooms.
Ferruhşah Mosque
Ferruhşah Mosque (Turkish: Ferruhşah Mescidi) is a small historical mosque in Akşehir, Turkey. In Turkish mescit refers to small mosques.

The mosque is in Akşehir, Konya Province. It is in the same yard as the tomb of Seydi Mahmut Hayrani. According to the inscription of the building it was built by a certain Ferruh Şah in 1224 during the reign of Kayqubad I of Sultanate of Rum. Following its last restoration in 2006, it was opened to religious services.

The outer dimensions of the building are 6.6 metres (22 ft) by 6.36 metres (20.9 ft). It has three windows. The building material in the north and west sides is rubble stone. In west and south sides bricks were used together with some collect material.

Akşehir
Akşehir is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 895 km2 (346 sq mi), and its population is 93,965 (2022). It was known historically as Philomelium.

The town is situated at the edge of a fertile plain, on the north side of the Sultan Mountains. Its elevation is 1,025 m (3,363 ft).
Pappophorum
Pappophorum is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to the Western Hemisphere. Members of the genus are commonly known as pappusgrass.

Species

Pappophorum bicolor E.Fourn. – pink pappusgrass - Texas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, D.F., Veracruz, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí

Pappophorum caespitosum R.E.Fr. - Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay

Pappophorum hassleri Hack. - Paraguay

Pappophorum krapovickasii Roseng. - Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil

Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees - Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze – limestone pappusgrass - Mexico, West Indies, South America

Pappophorum philippianum Parodi - Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Sonora

formerly included

see Bouteloua Bromus Enneapogon Pentameris Triodia

Pentameris
Pentameris is a genus of plants in the grass family, native primarily to Africa, with a few species in Yemen and on certain islands in the Indian Ocean.

A significant number of species are endemic to South Africa.
Yvo G. Desmedt
Yvo G. Desmedt (born 1956) is the Jonsson Distinguished Professor at the University of Texas at Dallas, and in addition Chair of Information Communication Technology at University College London.  He was a pioneer of threshold cryptography and is an International Association for Cryptologic Research Fellow.  He also made crucial observations  that were used in the cryptanalysis of the Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem and observed properties of the Data Encryption Standard which were used by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir when they invented differential cryptanalysis.

Adi Shamir
Adi Shamir (Hebrew: עדי שמיר; born July 6, 1952) is an Israeli cryptographer and inventor. He is a co-inventor of the Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm (along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman), a co-inventor of the Feige–Fiat–Shamir identification scheme (along with Uriel Feige and Amos Fiat), one of the inventors of differential cryptanalysis and has made numerous contributions to the fields of cryptography and computer science. In 2002, Ron Rivest, Len Adleman, and he won the ACM Turing Award.
Eh (Armenian letter)
E, Ē, or Eh (majuscule: Է; minuscule: է; Armenian: է) is the seventh letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the open-mid front unrounded vowel (/ɛ/) in Eastern Armenian and the close-mid front unrounded vowel (/e/) Western Armenian. This letter is related the Armenian letter Yečʼ (Ե). After the 20th century spelling reform, the letter is used to write a word initial /ɛ/, while word initial ječʼ (ե) is pronounced /jɛ/. Before the orthography reform, the two letters were used interchangeably. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 7.

In the Armenian Apostolic Church, the letter is used on altars to represent the number 7, which has significant religious meaning.

Armenian orthography reform
The Armenian orthography reform occurred between 1922 and 1924 in Soviet Armenia and was partially revised in 1940. Its main features "were the neutralization of classical, etymological writing and the adjustment of phonetic realization and writing."

The original orthography is now known as the classical orthography (Armenian: դասական ուղղագրութիւն, romanized: dasakan uġġagrut'yun) and is sometimes referred to as Mashtotsian orthography (մաշտոցեան ուղղագրութիւն), after Mesrop Mashtots, who invented the Armenian alphabet in 405 AD.

This reform is not to be confused with the 13th-century alphabet extension introducing letters ⟨օ⟩ and ⟨ֆ⟩.
Ali Abdikadir Mo'allim
Ali Abdikadir Mo’allim is a Somali politician, a member of the Transitional Federal Parliament.  He was wounded in the attack on the Hotel Muna in Mogadishu by al-Shabaab. The attack killed four parliamentarians, Mohamed Hassan M. Nur, Geddi Abdi Gadid, Bulle Hassan Mo'allim and Idiris Muse Elmi, and wounded five.

Idiris Muse Elmi
Idiris Muse Elmi (died August 24, 2010) was a Somali politician, a member of the Transitional Federal Parliament.  He was among the people killed in the attack on the Hotel Muna in Mogadishu by al-Shabaab as were fellow parliamentarians: Mohamed Hassan M. Nur, Geddi Abdi Gadid, and Bulle Hassan Mo'allim Idiris was from northern regions specially Lughaya Awdal Region (Badaraxaan).
Potassium ascorbate
Potassium ascorbate is a compound with formula KC6H7O6. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a mineral ascorbate.  As a food additive, it has E number E303, INS number 303. Although it is not a permitted food additive in the UK, USA and the EU, it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. According to some studies, it has shown a strong antioxidant activity and antitumoral properties.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
2025 Hinchinbrook state by-election
The 2025 Hinchinbrook state by-election was held on 29 November 2025 to elect the member for Hinchinbrook in the Queensland Legislative Assembly, following the resignation of Katter's Australian Party (KAP) MP Nick Dametto.

Dametto, who had served as the member for Hinchinbrook since 2017, announced his resignation on 26 September 2025 in order to contest a by-election for Townsville mayor. Under Queensland law, candidates running for local government positions cannot be a member of a state or federal parliament.

Liberal National Party (LNP) candidate Wayde Chiesa won the by-election. It was the first time a sitting Queensland government has gained a seat in a by-election since Mulgrave in 1998.

Pauline Hanson's One Nation – Queensland
One Nation – Queensland, sometimes referred to as One Nation Qld, and officially named Pauline Hanson's One Nation Queensland Division, is the Queensland branch of Pauline Hanson's One Nation. As of 2024 it holds extra-parliamentary status within the state.
Marcel Lambert (footballer)
Marcel Lambert (1876 – unknown) was a French footballer who played as a forward and who competed in the football tournament at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, winning a silver medal as a member of the USFSA Olympic team representing France, which was primarily made up of Club Français players.

1898 USFSA Football Championship
The 1898 USFSA Football Championship was the 5th staging of the USFSA Football Championship.

It was played on neutral grounds, in a league system with Standard Athletic Club being proclaimed champions of France after beating Club Français 3–2 in a play-off title-decider, since they had finished level on 18 points.
Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland
Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland (b. before 1136, d. around 1160 or later) was a Polish princess, Margravine of Lusatia by marriage to Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia.

She was the daughter of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, and Salomea of Berg, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg, and as such a member of the House of Piast. Around 1147 (according to older historiography around 1142) she married Theodoric, second surviving son of Conrad, Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia. After bearing two children she was abandoned by her husband.

Karol Maleczyński
Karol Maleczyński (1897–1968) was a Polish historian.

Karol Maleczyński was born October 28, 1897, in Grębowo near Tarnobrzeg. He was the son of Stefan and Józefina. Maleczyński attended to gimnazjum in Stanisławów and Lwów from 1907 to 1915. He enrolled at the University in Lwów, but was enlisted to the Austrian Army. Later he served in the Polish Army. After demobilisation, he again enrolled at the University in Lwów, where he studied history. He graduated in March 1924.

Maleczyński gained his PhD at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów in 1924. He completed his habilitation at the same university in 1929 and became a professor in 1939. After the Second World War Maleczyński worked at the University of Wrocław.

Karol Maleczyński was the author of around 250 publications. He was also an editor of the Gesta principum Polonorum.
Penstemon ambiguus
Penstemon ambiguus, commonly known as the bush penstemon, pink plains penstemon, or gilia beardtongue is a species of Penstemon that grows in the shortgrass prairies and deserts of the western United States and northern Mexico. This bush-like penstemon grows in sandy, loose, and creosote soils and is particularly known for the spectacular flowering show it produces, sometime seasons turning whole hillsides bright pink–white.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Balloërveld
Balloërveld or Ballooërveld (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbɑloːərˈvɛlt]) is a hamlet in the municipality of Aa en Hunze in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands.

Balloërveld owes its name to the nearby village of Balloo. The hamlet is located on the old main road Loon - Gasteren, on the edge of the Drentsche Aa National Landscape. In 2023, 14 people lived in the hamlet. The hamlet has its own zip code. South of the town is the eponymous Balloërveld nature reserve, known for its sand drifts and peat lakes.

Aa en Hunze
Aa en Hunze (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌaː ʔɛn ˈɦʏnzə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality has 26,089 inhabitants. The town hall is located in Gieten. The municipality of Aa en Hunze was created on 1 January 1998 by merging the municipalities of Rolde, Gasselte, Gieten, and Anloo.

The names 'Aa' (more precisely the 'Drentsche Aa') and 'Hunze' refer to two small rivers through the municipality. The municipality consists of two distinct parts, each with a different history. The two parts are separated by the Hondsrug, which itself belongs to the western part. This sandy area is among the oldest inhabited regions in the Netherlands. The eastern part of the municipality has a much shorter history of habitation.
Kand-e Zard
Kand-e Zard (Persian: كندزرد) is a village in Sangan Rural District, in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 218, in 50 families.

Sangan Rural District
Sangan Rural District (Persian: دهستان سنگان) is in the Central District of Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sangan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Esmailabad, now a city.
2018 ACC men's soccer tournament
The 2018 Atlantic Coast Conference men's soccer tournament was the 32nd edition of the ACC Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decided the Atlantic Coast Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The final was played at Sahlen's Stadium in Cary, NC.

The Louisville Cardinals won the tournament over the North Carolina Tar Heels 1–0 in the final.

2018 NC State Wolfpack men's soccer team
The 2018 NC State Wolfpack men's soccer team represented North Carolina State University during the 2018 NCAA Division I men's soccer season.  The Wolfpack were led by head coach George Kiefer, in his second season. They played home games at Dail Soccer Field. NC State finished the season with a 10–7–3 (2–4–2) record and earned a berth into the NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Maryland in the second round.
Joseph Kellogg (sternwheeler)
Joseph Kellogg was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the  Willamette, Columbia, and Cowlitz rivers for the Kellogg Transportation Company.  It was named after the company's founder, Joseph Kellogg (1812–1903).  The sternwheeler Joseph Kellogg was built in 1881 at Portland, Oregon.

Joseph Kellogg remained in service for almost 50 years, from 1881 to 1929, and as such was one of the longest serving steamers on the Columbia river system.  It was rebuilt at least once, and had to be refloated a number of times after sinking, but it remained a profitable boat for its owners for a long time.

Joseph Kellogg was rebuilt in 1900, also at Portland.  In 1921 the name of this steamer was changed to Madeline after it was sold to Harkins Transportation Company.  Madeline was abandoned in 1929.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
2002 NIRSA National Soccer Championship
The 2002 NIRSA national soccer championship was the 9th NIRSA National Soccer Championships, the annual national championships for United States-based, collegiate club soccer teams organized by NIRSA. It took place at the Kern County Soccer Complex in Bakersfield, California from Thursday, November 21 to Saturday, November 23, 2002.

2000 NIRSA National Soccer Championship
The 2000 NIRSA national soccer championship was the 7th NIRSA National Soccer Championships, the annual national championships for United States-based, collegiate club soccer teams organized by NIRSA. It took place at The University of Texas in Austin, Texas from Thursday, November 16 to Saturday, November 18, 2000.
Politics of Rhineland-Palatinate
The politics of Rhineland-Palatinate takes place within a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the Federal Government of Germany exercises sovereign rights with certain powers reserved to the states of Germany including Rhineland-Palatinate. The state has a multi-party system where the two main parties are the center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the center-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Every five years, all Germans residing in the State over the age of 18 elect the members of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag. This regional parliament or legislature then elects the minister-president and confirms the cabinet members. Rhineland-Palatinate is the only German Bundesland to have a cabinet minister for winegrowing (ministry of economy, traffic, agriculture and winegrowing)

Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate
The Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate is the state diet of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Article 79, Section 1 of the Rhineland-Palatinate constitution provides: "The Landtag is the supreme organ of political decision-making, elected by the people. It represents the people, elects the Minister-President and confirms the cabinet, passes the laws and the budget, controls the executive and enunciates the popular will in the conduct of public affairs, in questions of European policy and according to the agreements between the Landtag and the cabinet."

The Landtag consists of 101 members.

The Landtag convenes in the Deutschhaus building, where also the first democratically elected parliament German history had convened, the Rhenish-German national convention of the Mainz Republic. Parts of its administration are located in the old arsenal.

The German flag used in the Landtag is a historical one used during the Hambacher Fest.
Marine navigation
Marine navigation is the art and science of steering a ship from a starting point (sailing) to a destination, efficiently and responsibly. It is an art because of the skill that the navigator must have to avoid the dangers of navigation, and it is a science because it is based on physical, mathematical, oceanographic, cartographic, astronomical, and other knowledge.

Marine navigation can be surface or submarine.

Pedro de Medina
Pedro de Medina (1493 – Seville, 1567) was a Spanish cartographer and author of navigational texts. His well-known Arte de navegar ("The Art of Navigation", 1545) was the first work published in Spain dealing exclusively with navigational techniques (Martín Fernández de Enciso's Suma de Geographia, 1519, which gave ample geographical information already contained solar declination tables with explanations and the corrections for finding the latitude by measuring the height of Polaris).