hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinatown Gateway Monument
The Chinatown Gateway Monument is installed in Chinatown, Los Angeles, in the U.S. state of California. The gateway is located at the south entrance to Chinatown on North Broadway, just north of Cesar Chavez Avenue, few blocks from Los Angeles City Hall. In 2020, Wilder Shaw of Thrillist described the gate as "infamous".

Chinatown, Los Angeles
Chinatown is a neighborhood in downtown Los Angeles, California, that became a commercial center for Chinese and other Asian businesses in Central Los Angeles in 1938. The area includes restaurants, shops, and art galleries, but also has a residential neighborhood with a low-income, aging population of about 7,800 residents.

The original Chinatown developed in the late 19th century, and was demolished to make room for Union Station, the city's major ground-transportation center. This neighborhood and commercial center, referred to as "New Chinatown," opened for business in 1938.
Oleksandr Stoyka
Catholicism portal

Oleksandr Stoyka (Ukrainian: Олександр Стойка, Rusyn: Александер Стойка, Hungarian: Sztojka Sándor; 16 October 1890 – 31 May 1943) was a Ruthenian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1932 to 1943.

Born in Karachyn, Austria-Hungary (present day – Ukraine) in 1890, he was ordained a priest on 17 December 1916. He was appointed the Bishop by the Holy See on 3 May 1932. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 12 July 1932. The principal consecrator was Blessed Bishop Pavel Peter Gojdič, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Józef Cársky and Bishop Ivan Bucko.

He died in Uzhhorod on 31 May 1943.

Pavel Peter Gojdič
Pavel Peter Gojdič (also known as Pavol Gojdič or Peter Gojdič; 17 July 1888 — 17 July 1960), was a Rusyn Basilian monk and the eparch of the Slovak Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov. Following the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, he was arrested by the StB, the secret police of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, and imprisoned on charges of high treason. Despite promises of immediate release if he would agree to become patriarch of the Orthodox Church in Czechoslovakia, Gojdič died at Leopoldov Prison as a prisoner of conscience in 1960. Following the 1989 Velvet Revolution, Gojdič was posthumously honoured by post-communist Czechoslovak president Václav Havel and beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2001. For his role in saving 1500 Jewish lives during the Holocaust in Slovakia, Bishop Gojdič was posthumously honoured as a Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in 2007.
2022 Championships of the Small States of Europe
The 2022 Championships of the Small States of Europe was the fourth edition of the biennial competition in outdoor track and field organised by the Athletic Association of Small States of Europe (AASE). It was held on 11 June 2022 at the Matthew Micallef St. John Athletics Stadium in Marsa, Malta. A total of 22 events were contested.

Championships of the Small States of Europe
The Championships of the Small States of Europe (CSSE) is a biennial competition in outdoor track and field organised by the Athletic Association of Small States of Europe (AASE). First held in 2016, the competition is held on alternate years with the Games of the Small States of Europe.

The idea for a stand-alone athletics championships for European small states arose through discussions with AASE president Edwin Attard and European Athletic Association president Hansjörg Wirz. The European small states traditionally sent a combined team to the European Team Championships, but following that competition's change to a biennial format a gap in the sporting calendar emerged. Competing nations used the competition to help their athletes push for qualifying standards to the European Athletics Championships and Summer Olympics.

The 2020 edition of the competition, originally set for 4–6 June at the San Marino Stadium, was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Theories of the Black Death
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.  The confirmation in 2010 and 2011 that Yersinia pestis DNA was associated with a large number of plague sites has led researchers to conclude that "Finally, plague is plague."

Black rat
The black rat (Rattus rattus), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae. It is a generalist omnivore that can live on a wide variety of foods. It associates extensively with humans, and most populations are synanthropic. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide.

The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a prominent pest to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of agricultural crops. It is sometimes kept as a pet, though most domestic rats are a subspecies of the brown rat. In parts of India, it is considered sacred and respected, notably at the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke.
Wald's equation
In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically distributed random variables to the expected number of terms in the sum and the random variables' common expectation under the condition that the number of terms in the sum is independent of the summands.

The equation is named after the mathematician Abraham Wald. An identity for the second moment is given by the Blackwell–Girshick equation.

Dominated convergence theorem
In measure theory, Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem gives a mild sufficient condition under which limits and integrals of a sequence of functions can be interchanged. More technically it says that if a sequence of functions is bounded in absolute value by an integrable function and is almost everywhere pointwise convergent to a function then the sequence converges in  to its pointwise limit, and in particular the integral of the limit is the limit of the integrals. Its power and utility are two of the primary theoretical advantages of Lebesgue integration over Riemann integration.

In addition to its frequent appearance in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations, it is widely used in probability theory, since it gives a sufficient condition for the convergence of expected values of random variables.
Dovid Barkin
Rabbi Dovid Barkin (born David Barkin; October 24, 1945 – December 20, 2006) was an American Rosh Yeshiva of the famed Telshe Yeshiva in Cleveland, Ohio.

Rabbi Barkin was born in Chicago to Rabbi and Mrs. Kalmen and Golda Barkin, Lithuanian Jews. He married Miriam Bloch, the daughter of Telzer Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Eliyahu Meir Bloch. As the Rosh Yeshiva of Telshe, Rabbi Barkin's lectures on the Talmud became quite popular and they have been uploaded to the internet and made available to the general public.

In 2001, Rabbi Dovid Barkin was amongst the eulogizers at the funeral of Rabbi Mordechai Gifter.
He died on December 20, 2006. His funeral was broadcast worldwide live via conference call for all of his students to participate. On the 30-day anniversary of his death, Rabbi Barkin was eulogized in Lakewood, NJ by Rabbi Malkiel Kotler and Rabbi Yitzchok Sorotzkin.

Eliyahu Meir Bloch
Rabbi Eliyahu Meir Bloch (October 23, 1894 – January 22, 1955), often referred to as Rav Elya Meir Bloch, was a leading Orthodox Jewish rabbi in the United States in the years after World War II. He founded the Telshe Yeshiva in Cleveland, Ohio together with Rabbi Chaim Mordechai Katz, and served as its first rosh yeshiva.
A126 highway (Nigeria)
The A126 highway is a highway in Nigeria. It is one of the east-west roads linking the main south-north roads. (It is named from the two highways it links).

It runs from the A1 highway at Gusau, the capital of Zamfara State to the A2 highway at Zaria, Kaduna State in a southeasterly direction.

A2 highway (Nigeria)
The A2 highway (also known as Abuja–Kaduna–Kano highway) is a federal highway of Nigeria. It links the country’s western and northern states at its southern terminus to the southerly East-West road which leads up to Ikot-Ekpene and onwards to Calabar near the eastern border with Cameroon. It proceeds for 1,106km northwesterly though Warri to Benin City, thence northerly via Okene, Kaduna, Zaria, Kano and Daura to the border with the Republic of Niger in the north of the country, connecting with the N10 highway of Niger. In total, 7 states are traversed by the expressway system as well as the Federal Capital Territory where the nation’s capital, Abuja, is linked to the highway by the A234. It makes up a portion of the Trans-Saharan highway system. linking up to Algeria and the rest of the Northern Africa.
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to 100 °C) and a special proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane. PEMFCs generate electricity and operate on the opposite principle to PEM electrolysis, which consumes electricity. They are a leading candidate to replace the aging alkaline fuel-cell technology, which was used in the Space Shuttle.

Stationary fuel-cell applications
Stationary fuel-cell applications (or stationary fuel-cell power systems) are applications for fuel cells that are either connected to the electric grid (distributed generation) to provide supplemental power and as emergency power system for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service.
Republicans Overseas
Republicans Overseas (RO) is a political organization created in 2013 for United States citizens who are living outside of the United States. RO is recognized by the Republican National Committee (RNC), and by other affiliated groups, such as College Republicans. It operates in the majority of countries around the world where there are large numbers of United States citizen residents. Similar to political action committees (PAC) and Super Pacs; RO is a 527 political organization that operates as a corporation with specific interests of repealing the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and of generally representing Republicans living overseas.

The Republican Party does not organize a specific presidential primary for Republicans living overseas, so Republicans Overseas does not send any delegates to the Republican National Convention. This is in contrast to the Democrats Abroad, which runs the Democrats Abroad presidential primary.

College Republicans
College Republicans is an umbrella term that describes college and university students who support the Republican Party of the United States. The leading national organization, College Republicans of America, is the newest and largest group, created to align with President Donald J. Trump and the "America-First" agenda. The Republican Party is not affiliated with any college groups, although Republican Party members often benefit from college students' campaign efforts on their behalf. Campus chapters may function independently, may be part of a statewide organization, or may be affiliated with a national alliance such as CRNC. The various campus-based Republican clubs function as recruitment organizations for the Republican Party and have produced many prominent Republican and conservative activists.
Chorrera Formation
The Chorrera Formation (Spanish: Formación Chorrera, N2ch) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates. The Chorrera Formation dates to the Neogene period; Pliocene epoch (Montehermosan to Chapadmalalan in the SALMA classification), and has a maximum thickness of 40 metres (130 ft).

Colombian Geological Survey
The Colombian Geological Survey (CGS) (Spanish: Servicio Geológico Colombiano; formerly known as INGEOMINAS) is a scientific agency of the Colombian government in charge of contributing to the socioeconomic development of the nation through research in basic and applied geosciences of the subsoil, the potential of its resources, evaluating and monitoring threats of geological origin, managing the geoscientific knowledge of the nation, and studying the nuclear and radioactive elements in Colombia.
Adarra
Adarra (short for "Adarramendi", meaning 'mount of horns' in Basque) is a mountain south of the city of San Sebastian in the Basque Country. It is a popular peak with the local residents. The mountain is flanked on the north by the minor summits of Oindi or Onddi (Basque pronunciation: ['onɟi], 545 m) and Onddo (781 m) to the south, all of them located at the top of a long mountain range of modest height between the Urumea and Leitzaran valleys, which extends south right to the edge of the Navarrese town of Leitza.

Menhir
A menhir (/ˈmɛnhɪər/; from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found individually as monoliths, or as part of a group of similar stones. Menhirs' sizes can vary considerably, but they often taper toward the top.

Menhirs are found across Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a concentration in Western Europe, notably in Ireland, Great Britain, and Brittany. Theories concerning their purpose remain speculative, with hypotheses ranging from druidic rituals to territorial markers or elements of an ideological system. Some menhirs feature engravings, including anthropomorphic figures and symbols, and are often associated with ancient religious ceremonies and burial chambers.
Otto Körting
Otto Körting (20 May 1884 – 3 July 1959) was a German politician.

After 1933 Germany became a one-party state. Körting was a member of the SPD which in the eyes of the new government was one of the larger "wrong" parties. He was accordingly excluded from public political roles during the ensuing twelve years, spending several significant stretches of time held in state detention.

After 1945 German borders had been moved and Körting found his home was in the Soviet occupation zone of what had previously been Germany. He was now a co-founder, and became the first president, of the territory's newly established Peasants Mutual Aid Association. In 1950, however, he again fell out of favour with the political authorities, in a second German one-party dictatorship, which ended his career, this time for good.

Agfa-Gevaert
Agfa-Gevaert N.V. (Agfa) is a Belgian-German multinational corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes analogue and digital imaging products, software, and systems.

The company began as a dye manufacturer in 1867. In 1925, the company merged with several other German chemical companies to become chemicals giant IG Farben. AGFA was reconstituted (as a subsidiary of Bayer) from the remnants of IG Farben in 1952.

Agfa photographic film and cameras were once prominent consumer products. In 2004, the consumer imaging division was sold to a company founded via management buyout. AgfaPhoto GmbH, as the new company was called, filed for bankruptcy after a year, and its brands are now licensed to other companies by AgfaPhoto Holding GmbH, a holding firm. Today Agfa-Gevaert's commerce is 100% business-to-business.
Hadi Bahadori
Hadi Bahadori (Persian: ‌‌هادی بهادری; born 1978) is an Iranian politician.  He was born in Urmia, West Azerbaijan province. He was a member of the tenth Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Urmia, He and Rohollah Hazratpour won in the second round. Hadi Bahadori graduate of Sharif University of Technology and professor of Civil Engineering in University of Urmia. in the past Bahadori was deputy civil affairs Governorship of West Azarbaijan and member of fourth Urmia city council.

Bahordi is head of the Western Azerbaijan Province's Committee for the restoration of Lake Urmia.

Urmia (electoral district)
Urmia (electoral district) is a biggest electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. This electoral district has a population of 936,738 and elects 3 members of parliament. Urmia elections on the basis of ethnicity and religion.
Beta Sculptoris
Beta Sculptoris, Latinized from β Sculptoris, is a single, blue-white hued star in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.37, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 18.74 mas as seen from Earth, it is located 174 light years from the Sun.

This is a B-type main-sequence star, despite its stellar classification of B9.5IIIp(HgMnSi) containing the luminosity class of a giant.  It belongs to the class of chemically peculiar stars known as a Mercury-Manganese star, showing overabundances of mercury, manganese, and silicon in its spectrum. It is a suspected α2 CVn variable with magnitude variation from 4.35 to 4.39. The star has nearly three times the mass of the Sun and double the Sun's radius. It is radiating 81 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 12,110 K.

Sculptor (constellation)
Sculptor is a faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris (the sculptor's studio), but the name was later shortened.
Tenmusu
Tenmusu, also spelled as ten-musu, is a dish in Japanese cuisine that consists of a rice ball wrapped with nori that is filled with deep-fried tempura shrimp. Tenmusu is sometimes included as a food in bento boxes.

Tempura
Tempura (天ぷら or 天麩羅, tenpura; [tempɯɾa]) is a typical Japanese dish that usually consists of seafood and vegetables that have been coated in a thin batter and deep-fried. Tempura originated in the 16th century, when Portuguese Jesuits brought the Western-style cooking method of coating foods with flour and frying, via Nanban trade.
2021 Basketball Champions League Final
2021 Basketball Champions League Final was the concluding game of the 2020–21 Basketball Champions League season, the 5th season of FIBA's premier basketball league in Europe. The final and the Final Eight were played in the Trade Union Sport Palace in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

San Pablo Burgos won its second Champions League title after defeating Pınar Karşıyaka.

2021 Basketball Champions League Final Eight
The 2021 Basketball Champions League (BCL) Final Eight was the 5th Basketball Champions League tournament and the 2nd in the format of Final Eight. It was the concluding phase of the 2020–21 Basketball Champions League season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the usual format of Final Four was changed to Final Eight, same as in the previous season.

San Pablo Burgos won its second consecutive championship.
Charles Samuel Myers
Charles Samuel Myers, CBE, FRS (13 March 1873 – 12 October 1946) was an English physician who worked as a psychologist, most notably with the British Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War. Although he did not invent the term, his first academic paper, published by The Lancet in 1915, concerned shell shock. In 1921 he was co-founder of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Doryphoros
The Doryphoros (Greek Δορυφόρος Classical Greek Greek pronunciation: [dorypʰóros], "Spear-Bearer"; Latinised as Doryphorus) of Polykleitos is one of the best known Greek sculptures of Classical antiquity, depicting a solidly built, muscular, standing warrior, originally bearing a spear balanced on his left shoulder. The lost bronze original of the work would have been cast circa 440 BC, but it is today known only from later (mainly Roman period) marble copies. The work nonetheless forms an important early example of both Classical Greek contrapposto and classical realism; as such, the iconic Doryphoros proved highly influential elsewhere in ancient art.

National Archaeological Museum, Naples
The National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italian: Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, abbr. MANN) is an important Italian archaeological museum. Its collection includes works from Greek, Roman and Renaissance times, and especially Roman artifacts from the nearby Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum sites. From 1816 to 1861, it was known as the Royal Bourbon Museum (Italian: Real Museo Borbonico).
Block reflector
"A block reflector is an orthogonal, symmetric matrix that reverses a subspace whose dimension may be greater than one."

It is built out of many elementary reflectors.

It is also referred to as a triangular factor, and is a triangular matrix and they are used in the Householder transformation.

A reflector  belonging to  can be written in the form :
 where  is the identity matrix for ,  is a scalar and  belongs to  .

Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size  is the  square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.
Battle of Körmend
The Battle of Körmend was a military engagement that took place on June 26–27, 1664, as part of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664). Although not a major engagement in the broader context of the conflict, it nonetheless played a huge role in the subsequent Christian victory at the Battle of Saint Gotthard.

Franz III. Nádasdy
Ferenc III. Nádasdy (Hungarian - Nádasdy III. Ferenc; 14 January 1622 – 30 April 1671) was a chief judge and general in Hungary. He was one of the leaders of the Magnate conspiracy against Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. After the conspiracy was revealed, he and two other leaders (Petar Zrinski and Petar's brother-in-law Fran Krsto Frankopan) were all executed.