hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First-order predicate
In mathematical logic, a first-order predicate is a predicate that takes only individual(s) constants or variables as argument(s). Compare second-order predicate and higher-order predicate.

This is not to be confused with a one-place predicate or monad, which is a predicate that takes only one argument. For example, the expression "is a planet" is a one-place predicate, while the expression "is father of" is a two-place predicate.

Higher-order logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic properties are less well-behaved than those of first-order logic.

The term "higher-order logic" is commonly used to mean higher-order simple predicate logic. Here "simple" indicates that the underlying type theory is the theory of simple types, also called the simple theory of types. Leon Chwistek and Frank P. Ramsey proposed this as a simplification of ramified theory of types specified in the Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Simple types is sometimes also meant to exclude polymorphic and dependent types.
Chessie (train)
The Chessie was a proposed streamlined passenger train developed by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) in the late 1940s. The brainchild of C&O executive Robert R. Young, the Chessie would have operated on a daylight schedule between Washington, D.C., and Cincinnati, Ohio. The train's luxury lightweight equipment was built new by the Budd Company. A revolutionary new steam turbine locomotive would have provided power, including speeds up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Although the equipment was delivered, a worsening financial outlook led to the cancellation of the train before it operated in revenue service.

Budd Company
The Budd Company was a 20th-century metal fabricator, a major supplier of body components to the automobile industry, and a manufacturer of stainless steel passenger rail cars, airframes, missile and space vehicles, and various defense products.

The company was founded in 1912 in Philadelphia by Edward G. Budd, whose fame came from his development of the first all-steel automobile bodies in 1913, and his company's invention of the "shotweld" technique for joining pieces of stainless steel without damaging its anti-corrosion properties in the 1930s.

The Budd Company became part of Budd Thyssen in 1978, and in 1999 a part of ThyssenKrupp Budd. Body and chassis operations were sold to Martinrea International in 2006. No longer an operating company, Budd filed for bankruptcy in 2014. It currently exists to provide benefits to its retirees.
Donn A. Starry
General Donn Albert Starry (31 May 1925 – 26 August 2011) was a United States Army four-star general who served as commanding general of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command from 1977 to 1981, and as commander in chief of United States Readiness Command from 1981 to 1983.

Joint Forces Staff College
The Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC), located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981.  It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level. Military operations increasingly require the Armed Services to work jointly, and JFSC provides students the tools to operate in a joint environment. JFSC is composed of three schools, each with different student populations and purposes.
Ivan Sutherland (ethnologist)
Ivan Lorin George Sutherland (10 May 1897 – 21 or 22 February 1952) was a New Zealand ethnologist and university professor.

Sutherland was born in 1897 in Masterton. His father was a sawmill hand; both parents were active in The Salvation Army. Sutherland attended Masterton District High School but left before qualifying for further study to work for a bank. He moved to Wellington aged 19 become a minister for the Methodist church. He graduated from Victoria University College in 1918 and enrolled for the army, but fell ill and was discharged. He returned to Victoria University College and studied under Thomas Hunter, obtaining a Master of Arts. He then attended the University of Glasgow, where he obtained a PhD in 1924.

He returned to Wellington after graduating in Glasgow and eventually, Hunter secured an assistant position at Victoria University College, which turned into a lecturer's position.

Sutherland's sister, Olive Rose Sutherland was a notable teacher.

Thomas Hunter (psychologist)
Sir Thomas Alexander Hunter KBE (28 February 1876 – 20 April 1953) was a New Zealand psychologist, university professor and administrator.  He was vice chancellor of the University of New Zealand from 1929 to 1947, chairman of Massey Agricultural College from 1936 to 1938, and principal of Victoria University College from 1938 to 1951. At the age of seventy-five, Hunter retired after serving, for almost fifty years, at Victoria University College.
Sanjay Nayak
Sanjay Nayak is an Indian Odia filmmaker. He regarded as one of the most successful filmmakers in Odisha. Nayak, the young filmmaker has directed 32 movies in a short career of 15yrs in the film industry. He has also produced several movies under his production house 'Sanjay Nayak Films'. He not only directs but also write scripts, lyrics and does the screenplay. He produced and directed Keun Duniaru Asila Bandhu which is the first science fiction in Odia.

Sidhant Mohapatra
Sidhant Mohapatra (born as Gyana Ranjan Mohapatra on 4 May 1966), popularly known as Munna Bhai, is an Indian actor and politician primarily working in Odia cinema. Known as the "Dynamic Superstar" by his fans for his versatility in acting, comedy, and action, he has acted in over 200 films, with 180 of them in lead roles.

Mohapatra has won numerous awards, including seven consecutive Odisha State Film Awards from 2000 to 2006, a record for any actor. He has also won five Filmfare Awards East and two National Film Awards, for Kotiye Re Gotiye (2000)  and Swayamsiddha (2010). In addition to his acting career, Mohapatra has produced and distributed 120 films through his production company, Omm Divya Vision Home Motion Picture, which he founded in 1992. He has been featured in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list, based on his income.
Cherven, Ruse Province
Cherven (Bulgarian: Червен) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria in the Ruse Province. Cherven is situated in the municipality of Ivanovo. As of 2011, the village had 239 inhabitants. The tributary of the river Rusenski Lom, the Cherni Lom (meaning Black Lom), divides the village into two parts.

One of the most important towns in the Second Bulgarian Empire existed near the village and was also called Cherven. During its heyday between 12th and 14th centuries, it was one of the largest commercial and military centres in the region. It was fully destroyed after the Bulgarian–Ottoman Wars and is now in ruins.

Ivanovo, Ruse Province
Ivanovo (Bulgarian: Иваново, pronounced [iˈvanovo]) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Rousse Province. It is the administrative centre of Ivanovo Municipality, which lies in the central part of Rousse Province.

Ivanovo is located 20 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Rousse, in the eastern Danubian Plain. The village is famous for the Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site medieval group of monolithic Eastern Orthodox churches, chapels and cave monasteries hewn out of solid rock in the vicinity of Ivanovo. The monastical complex was active from the early 13th to the 17th century.
Muaythai at the World Games
Muaythai was featured in the World Games official programme for the first time at the 2017 World Games in Wrocław, Poland. It has been played at all editions since then. Muaythai was added to the World Games following the decision of the IWGA Annual General Meeting in May 2013.

The International Federation of Muaythai Associations is governing body for muaythai at the World Games.

Muaythai at the 2017 World Games
The muaythai tournaments at the 2017 World Games in Wrocław, Poland was held from 28 to 30 July 2017 at the Orbita Hall. It was the first time of muaythai including in the World Games. 87 Muay Thai practitioners from 37 NOCs were featured competing in eleven weight categories; four eight men, and three for women.
Hay Market Square (Szczecin)
The Hay Market Square (Polish: Rynek Sienny; German: Heumarkt) is an urban square in Szczecin, Poland. It is located between Sienna and Księcia Mściwoja II Streets, within the Old Town neighbourhood of the Downtown district. It was developed in the Middle Ages as a market place. One of buildings neighbouring it is the Old Town Hall, dating to the 15th century.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
Marine World Uminonakamichi
Marine World Uminonakamichi (マリンワールド海の中道, Marin-wārudō-Uminonakamichi) is a public aquarium in Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA), and the aquarium is accredited as a Museum-equivalent facilities by the Museum Act from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA, in Japanese: 日本動物園水族館協会, Nihon Dōbutsu-en Suizokukan Kyōkai) is an organization for the zoo and aquarium community in Japan. As of April 30, 2021, JAZA has 90 member zoos and 50 member aquariums. JAZA seeks to protect nature and animals through educational and conservation outreach.
Workplace violence
Workplace violence, violence in the workplace, or occupational violence refers to violence, usually in the form of physical abuse or threat, that creates a risk to the health and safety of an employee or multiple employees. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health defines worker on worker, personal relationship, customer/client, and criminal intent all as categories of violence in the workplace.  These four categories are further broken down into three levels: Level one displays early warning signs of violence, Level two is slightly more violent, and level three is significantly violent. Many workplaces have initiated programs and protocols to protect their workers as the Occupational Health Act of 1970 states that employers must provide an environment in which employees are free of harm or harmful conditions.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Milford Hundred
Milford Hundred is a hundred in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Originally part of Mispillion Hundred, the boundaries of which were Murderkill Creek on north and Mispillion Creek on south, extending from Delaware River to Maryland line. In 1830 Mispillion Hundred was divided into two hundreds, the western retaining the name Mispillion and the eastern being named Milford Hundred.Its primary community is Milford and included 38°55′32″N 75°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿38.92560833°N 75.42895°W﻿ / 38.92560833; -75.42895, 38°54′47″N 75°26′07″W﻿ / ﻿38.91313889°N 75.43524167°W﻿ / 38.91313889; -75.43524167, 38°53′11″N 75°26′23″W﻿ / ﻿38.88633889°N 75.43964444°W﻿ / 38.88633889; -75.43964444, and 38°54′42″N 75°25′42″W﻿ / ﻿38.91162778°N 75.42836667°W﻿ / 38.91162778; -75.42836667.

Mispillion Hundred
Mispillion Hundred is a hundred in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Mispillion Hundred was formed in 1682 as one of the original Delaware Hundreds. Its primary community is Harrington.
It originally embraced all lands south of Murderkill Creek and north of Mispillion Creek from Delaware River to Maryland line. In 1830 was divided into two approximately equal parts, the eastern part being called Milford Hundred and the western part retaining the name Mispillion.
2010 Aegon International
The 2010 Aegon International was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 36th edition of the event for the women and the 2nd edition for the men. It was classified as a WTA Premier tournament on the 2010 WTA Tour and as an ATP World Tour 250 series on the 2010 ATP World Tour. The event took place at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club in Eastbourne, United Kingdom from 13 June until 19 June 2010.

2010 WTA Tour
The 2010 WTA Tour or 2010 Sony Ericsson WTA Tour (its sponsored name)  calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5 and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships). Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points and is organized by the ITF.
Hålandsdal Church
Hålandsdal Church (Norwegian: Hålandsdal kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Eide at the southern end of the Øvre Hålandsdalen valley, just east of the village of Holdhus. It is one of the churches for the Fusa parish which is part of the Fana prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1890 using plans drawn up by the architect Karl Hansen Askeland. The church seats about 250 people.

Holdhus
Holdhus is a village in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) east of the village of Eikelandsosen. The village is located near several large lakes including Gjønavatnet, Henangervatnet, and Skogseidvatnet.
Msida Bastion Historic Garden
The Msida Bastion Historic Garden, also Msida Bastion Cemetery or Msida Bastion Garden of Rest is a former Protestant cemetery in Floriana, Malta, in use from 1806 till 1856. It was restored and reopened as a garden in 2002. It is listed in the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands under number 52, as a Grade 1 Monument. Currently, Din l-Art Ħelwa are the caretakers of the Msida Bastions with a team of over 25 volunteers coordinated by the garden's Warden, all aiding in the general upkeep and research of the site.

Floriana
Floriana (Maltese: Il-Furjana or Il-Floriana), also known by its title Borgo Vilhena, is a fortified town in the Port Region area of Malta, just outside the capital city Valletta. It has a population of 2,205 as of March 2014. Floriana is the birthplace of many famous Maltese, amongst which the composer of the national anthem, 'L-Innu Malti', Robert Samut; former Bishop of Malta Dun Mauro Caruana, the poets Oliver Friggieri and Maria Grech Ganado, the writer and politician Herbert Ganado and Swedish Idol winner Kevin Borg.
Flowblade
Flowblade Movie Editor is a free and open-source video editing software for Linux.

The project was started by lead developer Janne Liljeblad in 2009 and has been active since. The source code is currently hosted on GitHub.

Flowblade employs a film-style insert editing model as workflow with similar design approach as Avid. In insert editing clips are generally placed tightly after other clips when they are inserted on the Timeline. Edits are fine tuned by trimming in and out points of clips or by cutting and deleting parts of clips.

Flowblade builds most of its functionality using media framework MLT. Other MLT video editors are KDEnlive and Shotcut.

Other used libraries include Frei0r effects and LADSPA. Flowblade supports all of the formats supported by FFmpeg or libav (such as QuickTime, AVI, WMV, MPEG, and Flash Video, among others), and also supports 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios for both PAL, NTSC and various HD standards, including HDV and AVCHD.

Media Lovin' Toolkit
Media Lovin' Toolkit (MLT) is an open source software multimedia framework, designed and developed for television broadcasting. It provides a toolkit for broadcasters, video editors, media players, transcoders, web streamers and many more types of applications. The functionality of the system is provided via an assortment of ready to use tools, XML authoring components, and an extensible plug-in based API.

It is used by video editors Kdenlive and Shotcut among others.
1936–37 FA Cup
The 1936–37 FA Cup was the 62nd season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Sunderland won the competition for the first time, beating Preston North End 3–1 in the final at Wembley.

Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.

1937 FA Cup final
The 1937 FA Cup final was contested by Sunderland and Preston North End on 1 May 1937 at Wembley. It was the 62nd FA Cup Final and the first to be played in May. The match took place eleven days before the coronation of George VI and Queen Elizabeth, who were the guests of honour.

Sunderland won 3–1, with Frank O'Donnell's goal putting Preston ahead shortly before half-time and secured by second-half goals from Bobby Gurney, Raich Carter and Eddie Burbanks. It was the first time Sunderland had won the FA Cup. Preston returned the following year to beat Huddersfield Town in the final. Their team in both matches included Bill Shankly, who went on to win the Cup twice more as manager of Liverpool.
Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom
After Adolf Hitler came into power in 1933 and enacted policies that would culminate in the Holocaust, Jews began to escape German-occupied Europe and the United Kingdom was one of the destinations. Some came on transit visas, which meant that they stayed in Britain temporarily, while waiting to be accepted by another country. Others entered the country by having obtained employment or a guarantor, or via Kindertransport. There were about 70,000 Jewish refugees who were accepted into Britain by the start of World War II on 1 September 1939, and an additional 10,000 people who made it to Britain during the war.

History of the Jews in Ireland
The history of the Jewish People in Ireland extends for almost a millennium. The Jewish community in Ireland has always been small in numbers in modern history, not exceeding 5,500 since at least 1891.
West African cuisine
West African cuisine encompasses a diverse range of foods that are split between its 16 countries. In West Africa, people buy groceries from markets, shops, stalls or supermarkets to make their meals. There are some families especially in rural places, that grow and raise their own food, in addition. Indigenous foods consist of a number of plant species and animals, and are important to in African cuisine. West african cuisine comes from crops with ancient origins to West africa, as well as introducted crops from other continents due to trade. Animal produce largely include farm animals, fishing, and some hunted ones by those who take part in that.

The history of West Africa also plays a large role in their cuisine and recipes, as interactions with different cultures (particularly the Arab world and later Europeans) over the centuries have introduced many ingredients that went on to become key components of the various national cuisines today.

Holy trinity (cooking)
The "holy trinity" in Cajun and Louisiana Creole cuisine is the base for several dishes in the regional cuisines of Louisiana and consists of onions, bell peppers and celery. The preparation of Cajun/Creole dishes such as crawfish étouffée, gumbo, and jambalaya all start from this base.

Variants use garlic, parsley, or shallots in addition to the three trinity ingredients. The addition of garlic is sometimes referred to as adding "the pope".

The holy trinity is the Cajun and Louisiana Creole variant of mirepoix;  traditional mirepoix is two parts onions, one part carrots, and one part celery, whereas the holy trinity is typically one or two parts onions, one part green bell pepper, and one part celery. It is also an evolution of the Spanish sofrito, which contains onion, garlic, bell peppers, and tomatoes.
Murray Range
Murray Range is a subdivision range of the Hart Ranges, of the Northern Rockies in British Columbia, Canada.  The majority of the range lies within the Pine-Lemoray Provincial Park and is noted for its snowmobiling, hiking and ski touring opportunities.  The boundaries of the Murray Range  generally lie between the Misinchinka River to the west and Mountain Creek to the east; the Pine River to the north and Mount Reynolds to the south.

Several mountains in the range are named after local area Canadian soldiers killed in action during World War II and World War I.

Misinchinka River
The Misinchinka River is a river in the north-central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, rising in the northern Hart Ranges to flow northwest to join the Parsnip River just before that river's estuary into the Parsnip Reach of Lake Williston, part of the Peace-Mackenzie Rivers drainage.
Maqbool Ahmed Sabri
Maqbool Ahmed Sabri (12 October 1945 – 21 September 2011) was a Pakistani qawwali singer and a prominent member of the Sabri Brothers, one of the greatest qawwali groups of all times which belonged to Pakistan. The Sabri Brothers were honoured with the Pride of Performance Award in 1978.

Asia Society
The Asia Society is a 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on educating the world about Asia. It has several centers in the United States (Manhattan, Washington, D.C., Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle) and around the world (Hong Kong, Manila, Seoul, Melbourne, Sydney, Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Paris and Zurich). The Society's headquarters are in New York City, and includes a museum that exhibits pre-modern, modern, and contemporary art from Asia, Oceania and the Asian diaspora. Asia Society also publishes an online magazine, ChinaFile.

In January 2024, Kyung-wha Kang, who served as the first female Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea, from 2017 to 2021, was named its president and CEO, effective in April 2024. Asia Society has been described as a participant in the Chinese Communist Party's "backchannel" diplomatic efforts.