hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wawa Runestone
The Wawa Runestone is a piece of bedrock stone covered in runes, discovered near Wawa, Ontario, Canada in 2015. The runes spell out a Swedish-language version of the Lord’s Prayer and are believed to have been carved in the early to mid-19th century by a Swedish Canadian. Unlike many other runestones found in continental America, such as the Kensington Runestone, the Wawa Runestone is not believed to be a hoax related to the Norse colonization of North America.

Kensington Runestone
The Kensington Runestone is a slab of greywacke stone covered in runes that was discovered in Western Minnesota, United States, in 1898. Olof Ohman, a Swedish immigrant, reported that he unearthed it from a field in the largely rural township of Solem in Douglas County. It was later named after the nearest settlement, Kensington.

The inscription purports to be a record left behind by Scandinavian explorers in the 14th century (internally dated to 1362). There has been a drawn-out debate regarding the stone's authenticity, but since the first scientific examination in 1910, the scholarly consensus has classified it as a 19th-century hoax, with some critics directly charging Ohman with fabrication. Nevertheless, there remains a community convinced of the stone's authenticity.
Tian Gang
Tian Gang (Chinese: 田刚; born November 24, 1958) is a Chinese mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at Peking University and Higgins Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. He is known for contributions to the mathematical fields of Kähler geometry, Gromov-Witten theory, and geometric analysis.

As of 2020, he is the Vice Chairman of the China Democratic League and the President of the Chinese Mathematical Society. From 2017 to 2019 he served as the Vice President of Peking University.

Karen Uhlenbeck
Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck ForMemRS (born August 24, 1942) is an American mathematician and one of the founders of modern geometric analysis. She is a professor emerita of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she held the Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair. She is currently a distinguished visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study and a visiting senior research scholar at Princeton University.

Uhlenbeck was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2007. She won the 2019 Abel Prize for "her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics." She is the first, and so far only, woman to win the prize since its inception in 2003. She donated half of the prize money to organizations which promote more engagement of women and other minorities in research mathematics.
1-Aminoindane
1-Aminoindane (1-AI), also known as 1-aminoindan, 1-indanylamine, or 1-indanamine, is an aminoindane. It is a positional isomer of 2-aminoindane. A variety of notable derivatives of 1- and 2-aminoindane are known. The (R)-enantiomer of 1-aminoindan, (R)-1-aminoindan, is pharmacologically active and is an active metabolite of the antiparkinsonian agent rasagiline.

1-Aminoindane was used in the synthesis of an agent that is called Pevonedistat.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
Sanjog (TV series)
Sanjog (transl. Coincidence) is an Indian Hindi language drama television series that premiered on 22 August 2022 on Zee TV and digitally streamed on ZEE5. Produced by Rashmi Sharma under the banner of Rashmi Sharma Telefilms, the series stars Shefali Sharma, Rajneesh Duggal and Kamya Punjabi. It replaced Kashibai Bajirao Ballal in its timeslot. It went off-air on 25 November 2022  and was replaced by Rabb Se Hai Dua in its timeslot.

Kashibai Bajirao Ballal
Kashibai Bajirao Ballal is an Indian historical drama based on Kashibai. It premiered on 15 November 2021 on Zee TV with Aarohi Patel as Young Kashi Bai and Venkatesh Pandey as Young Bajirao. On 21 March 2022, the story moved on several years and Riya Sharma portrays the lead role of Kashibai opposite Rohit Chandel who essays the role of Bajirao. It went off air on 19 August 2022, after completing 201 episodes.
Ralph McGill
Ralph Emerson McGill (February 5, 1898 – February 3, 1969) was an American journalist and editorialist. An anti-segregationist editor, he published the Atlanta Constitution newspaper despite receiving threats and intimidation such as crosses burned on his lawn from white supremacists terror groups. Martin Luther King Jr. named him in his Letter from Birmingham Jail. He was also one of the first critics of Joseph McCarthy. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. Since his death, he was inducted in the Georgia Newspaper Hall of Fame and has had a school and a road named after him in Atlanta.

Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
The Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication is a constituent college of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, United States. Established in 1915, Grady College offers undergraduate degrees in journalism, advertising, public relations, and entertainment and media studies, and master's and doctoral programs of study. Grady has been ranked among the top five schools of journalism education and research in the U.S.

The college is home to several prominent centers, awards, and institutes, including the Peabody Awards, recognized as one of the most prestigious awards in electronic journalism, the McGill Medal for Journalistic Courage, the James M. Cox Jr. Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research, the Center for Advanced Computer-Human Ecosystems, the New Media Institute, and National Press Photographers Association.
China Flat (Santa Monica Mountains)
China Flat is a plateau in the north−central Simi Hills, in Ventura County, Southern California.

The plateau sits at a 2,000 feet (610 m) elevation and is situated just below Simi Peak, which is the highest point in the Simi Hills.

Simi Hills
The Simi Hills are a low rocky mountain range of the Transverse Ranges in eastern Ventura County and western Los Angeles County, of Southern California, United States.

The range runs mainly north-south, is approximately
26 miles (42 km) long by 7 mi (11 km) wide, and reaches a maximum elevation of 2,401 ft (732 m) at  Simi Peak.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J
The Journal of Engineering Tribology, Part J of the Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes research on engineering science associated with tribology and its applications. The journal was first published in 1994 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of IMechE.

Tribology
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects of study in tribology are tribosystems, which are physical systems of contacting surfaces. Subfields of tribology include biotribology, nanotribology and space tribology. It is also related to other areas such as the coupling of corrosion and tribology in tribocorrosion and the contact mechanics of how surfaces in contact deform.
Approximately 20% of the total energy expenditure of the world is due to the impact of friction and wear in the transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential sectors.
Jbel Hebri
Jbel Hebri is a volcanic cone peaking at 2092m of altitude in the Middle Atlas, in Morocco, south east of the city of Azrou. The mount is most known by the moroccans for its snow tracks where skiing and sledding is possible during winter.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Love v Commonwealth
Love v Commonwealth; Thoms v Commonwealth is a decision of the High Court of Australia. It is an important case in Australian constitutional law, deciding that Aboriginal Australians are not "aliens" for the purposes of section 51(xix) of the Constitution. The case was decided on 11 February 2020.

The High Court delivered its judgements on both Love v Commonwealth and Thoms v Commonwealth as one due to the virtually identical facts of both cases.

Anne Twomey (academic)
Anne Frances Twomey is an Australian academic and lawyer specialising in Australian constitutional law. She is currently the Professor of Constitutional Law and Director of the Constitutional Reform Unit at Sydney Law School at the University of Sydney. She is a regular commentator on legal and constitutional issues for the Australian media and also publishes detailed video content on her YouTube channel Constitutional Clarion.
Aulus Gellius
Aulus Gellius (c. 125 – after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his Attic Nights, a commonplace book, or compilation of notes on grammar, philosophy, history, antiquarianism, and other subjects, preserving fragments of the works of many authors who might otherwise be unknown today.

Servius the Grammarian
Servius, distinguished as Servius the Grammarian (Latin: Servius or Seruius Grammaticus), was a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian. He earned a contemporary reputation as the most learned man of his generation in Italy. He authored a set of commentaries on the works of Virgil; these works, In Tria Virgilii Opera Expositio ("Exposition on Three Works of Virgil"), Commentarii in Virgilium ("Commentaries on Virgil"), Commentarii in Vergilii Opera ("Commentaries on the Works of Vergil"), or Vergilii Carmina Commentarii ("Commentaries on the Poems of Virgil"), constituted the first incunable to be printed at Florence, by Bernardo Cennini, in 1471.

In the Saturnalia of Macrobius, Servius appears as one of the interlocutors; allusions in that work and a letter from Symmachus to Servius indicate that he was not a convert to Christianity.
Zaur (village)
Zaur or Zaurovo was an Ingush village that existed in the 18th–19th centuries on the right bank of the Terek River and in the Tarskoye Valley.

According to most sources,  the fortress Vladikavkaz was founded on its territory in 1784, while according to other sources, Vladikavkaz was built near Zaur.

Tarskoye
Tarskoye, formerly known as Angusht or Ongusht, is a rural locality (a selo) in Prigorodny District of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. Population:  3,845 (2010 Census); 4,371 (2002 Census);
Leptobrachium aryatium
Leptobrachium aryatium is a species of toad in the genus Leptobrachium which was described from Garbhanga Reserve Forest, Assam, India. The specific name 'arya' was given to honor the college where the author worked and specimen is kept. It is a medium sized frog with adult SVL is 49.0–55.4 mm for males and 53.2–61.65 mm for females. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Leptobrachium aryatium is sister lineage to the clade comprising L. sylheticum and L. smithi

Eastern spadefoot toad
Eastern spadefoot toads (Leptobrachium, also known as large-eyed litter frogs) comprise a genus of the family Megophryidae in the order Anura, and are found in southern China, northeast India, southeast Asia, and islands of the Sunda Shelf as well as the Philippines. They are characterized by a stocky body with slender, short hindlimbs. In identifying species, iris colour is a valuable diagnostic morphological characteristic (see Leptobrachium bompu for an example of a blue-eyed species); the iris has uniform colour in some species, whereas in other species the upper half is coloured and the lower half is dark.

The sister taxon of Leptobrachium is a clade that includes Scutiger and Oreolalax.
Conor Browne
Conor Browne (born 18 May 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club James Stephens and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a midfielder.

2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 24 May 2017 and ended on 9 September 2017.

Waterford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the first time in several seasons.

On 9 September 2017, Limerick won the championship following a 0-17 to 0-11 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.
Virtual Centre of Excellence
For organizational design, the Virtual Centre of Excellence is a term which has come into use from various sources, including funders such as the European Union.

"A Virtual Center of Excellence is a fairly new organizational concept. Its aim is to bring the capabilities, knowledge and expertise together from diverse teams across geographical and organization boundaries to create something exemplary and distinguishable within its domain"

Examples of Virtual Centers of Excellence include:

Building the Future Optical Network in Europe (BONE)

Risk and opportunity management of huge-scale business community cooperation (ROBUST)

Virtual Center of Excellence for Ethically guided and Privacy-respecting Video Analytics (VIDEOSENSE)

Alliance for the Permanent Access to the Records of Science in Europe Network (APARSEN)

Organizational architecture
Organizational architecture, also known as organizational design, is a field concerned with the creation of roles, processes, and formal reporting relationships in an organization. It refers to architecture metaphorically, as a structure which fleshes out the organizations. The various features of a business's organizational architecture has to be internally consistent in strategy, architecture and competitive environment.

It provides the framework through which an organization aims to realize its core qualities as specified in its vision statement. It provides the infrastructure into which business processes are deployed and ensures that the organization's core qualities are realized across the business processes deployed within the organization. In this way, organizations aim to consistently realize their core qualities across the services they offer to their clients. This perspective on organizational architecture is elaborated below.
2018–19 V.League Division 1 Men's
The Volleyball 2018–19 V.League Division 1 Men's was the 25th tournament year and the 1st top level men's tournament of the newly branded and reorganized V.League (Japan). It was held from October 26, 2018 – April 14, 2019.

V.League (Japan)
The V.League (Japanese: Vリーグ) is the second-level professional volleyball league for both men and women in Japan. The league started in 1994.

The competitions are organized by the Japan Volleyball League Organization. The league was called V.Premier League before the reform took place in 2018. The SV.League succeeded the V.League as the premier volleyball tournament in Japan in 2024.
Battle of Four Lakes
The Battle of Four Lakes was a battle during the Coeur d'Alene War of 1858 in the Washington Territory (now the states of Washington and Idaho) in the United States. The Coeur d'Alene War was part of the Yakima War, which began in 1855. The battle was fought near present-day Four Lakes, Washington, between elements of the United States Army and a coalition of Native American tribes consisting of Schitsu'umsh (Coeur d'Alene), Palus, Spokan, and Yakama warriors.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Swimming at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games
The swimming competition at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games was held at the Aquatic Complex in Barranquilla, Colombia from 20 to 25 July. Open water swimming events were held on 28 and 29 July at Puerto Velero.

2018 Central American and Caribbean Games
The 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games (Spanish: Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos y del Caribe Barranquilla 2018), also known as the 23rd Central American and Caribbean Games and commonly known as Barranquilla 2018, was the 23rd edition of the Central American and Caribbean Games, a quadrennial sports multi-sport event which was held from 19 July 2018 to 3 August 2018 in Barranquilla, Colombia.
Nowostawy Dolne
Nowostawy Dolne [nɔvɔsˈtavɨ ˈdɔlnɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dmosin, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) southwest of Dmosin, 13 km (8 mi) north of Brzeziny, and 21 km (13 mi) northeast of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 200.

Dmosin
Dmosin [ˈdmɔɕin] is a village in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dmosin. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Brzeziny and 26 km (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź. It consists of three sołectwos: Dmosin, Dmosin Pierwszy ("first Dmosin") and Dmosin Drugi ("second Dmosin").

The village has an approximate population of 1,500.
Yves Klein
Yves Klein (French: [iv klɛ̃]; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist and an important figure in post-war European art. He was a leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme, founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany. Klein was a pioneer in the development of performance art, and is seen as an inspiration to and as a forerunner of minimal art, as well as pop art. He developed and used International Klein Blue.

Jean Tinguely
Jean Tinguely (22 May 1925 – 30 August 1991) was a Swiss sculptor best known for his kinetic art sculptural machines (known officially as Métamatics) that extended the Dada tradition into the later part of the 20th century. Tinguely's art satirized automation and the technological overproduction of material goods.
Pycniospore
Pycniospores are a type of spore found in certain species of rust fungi. They are produced in special cup-like structures called pycnia or pynidia. Almost all fungi reproduce asexually with the production of spores.  Spores may be colorless, green, yellow, orange, red, brown or black.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Thawi Watthana subdistrict, Bangkok
Thawi Watthana (Thai: ทวีวัฒนา, pronounced [tʰā.wīː wát.tʰā.nāː]) is one of the two khwaengs (sub-districts) of Thawi Watthana District, Bangkok's Thonburi side, apart from Sala Thammasop.  In 2015 it had a population of 22,552 people, with total area of 21.521 km2 (8.3093 mi2). It is the location of the district office, and can be considered as the southern part of the district.

Thawi Watthana district
Thawi Watthana (Thai: ทวีวัฒนา, pronounced [tʰā.wīː wát.tʰā.nāː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbor, clockwise from north, are Bang Kruai district of Nonthaburi province, Taling Chan, Bang Khae, and Nong Khaem Districts of Bangkok, Sam Phran and Phutthamonthon of Nakhon Pathom province.
Naushera, Punjab
Naushera (Punjabi and Urdu: نَوشہره), is a city and Tehsil (administrative subdivisions) in Khushab District, located in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

It is the central hub of the Soon Valley, situated 55 kilometers (34 mi) from Khushab city, 62 kilometers from Talagang and 68 kilometers (42 mi) from Kallar Kahar and 100km from Sargodha Division. The town is surrounded by hills, lakes, forests, and natural pools offering a landscape of ancient civilisation, abundant natural resources, and fertile farmland. The surrounding hills rise to an average height of 2,500 feet, with several peaks exceeding 3,000 feet above sea level.

Awan (tribe)
Awan (Urdu: اعوان) is a tribe and ethnic community centred in the Northern and Punjab regions of Pakistan, the name Awan is used as a surname for this tribe. Awans are predominantly present in the northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, with significant population also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, and to a lesser extent, in Sindh and Balochistan. The tribe claim Arab, particularly Alid, origin through its primary ancestor Qutub Shah, who is said to have came to modern-day Pakistan with Mahmud of Ghazni.
Company K
Company K is a 1933 novel by William March, first serialised in parts in the New York magazine The Forum from 1930 to 1932, and published in its entirety by Smith and Haas on 19 January 1933, in New York. The book's title was taken from the Marine company that March served in during World War I.  It has been regarded as one of the most significant works of literature to come out of the American World War I experience, and it is the most reprinted of all March's work.

Serial (literature)
In literature, a serial is a printing or publishing format by which a single larger work, often a work of narrative fiction, is published in smaller, sequential installments. The installments are also known as numbers, parts, fascicules or fascicles, and may be released either as separate publications or within sequential issues of a periodical publication, such as a magazine or newspaper.

Serialisation can also begin with a single short story that is subsequently turned into a series.  Historically, such series have been published in periodicals. Popular short-story series are often published together in book form as collections.