hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Decay theory
The Decay theory is a theory that proposes that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is therefore less available for later retrieval as time passes and memory, as well as memory strength, wears away. When an individual learns something new, a neurochemical "memory trace" is created. However, over time this trace slowly disintegrates. Actively rehearsing information is believed to be a major factor counteracting this temporal decline. It is widely believed that neurons die off gradually as we age, yet some older memories can be stronger than most recent memories. Thus, decay theory mostly affects the short-term memory system, meaning that older memories (in long-term memory) are often more resistant to shocks or physical attacks on the brain. It is also thought that the passage of time alone cannot cause forgetting, and that decay theory must also take into account some processes that occur as more time passes.

Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast to sensory memory, the initial stage, and short-term or working memory, the second stage, which persists for about 18 to 30 seconds. LTM is grouped into two categories known as explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while implicit memory includes procedural memory and emotional conditioning.
Squeeze-out
A squeeze-out or squeezeout, sometimes synonymous with freeze-out, is the compulsory sale of the shares of minority shareholders of a joint-stock company for which they receive a fair cash compensation.

This technique allows one or more shareholders who collectively hold a majority of shares in a corporation to gain ownership of remaining shares in that corporation. The majority shareholders incorporate a second corporation, which initiates a merger with the original corporation. The shareholders using this technique are then in a position to dictate the plan of merger. They force the minority stockholders in the original corporation to accept a cash payment for their shares, effectively "freezing them out" of the resulting company.

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
Piecewo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Piecewo [pjɛˈt͡sɛvɔ] (Kashubian: Piecewò) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It belongs to the sołectwo of Bieszkowice.

Bieszkowice
Bieszkowice [bjɛʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
2009 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2009 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Prince Edward Island's women's provincial curling championship, was held January 22–26 at the Silver Fox Curling and Yacht Club in Summerside. The winner represented team Prince Edward Island at the 2009 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Victoria, British Columbia.

PEI Women's Curling Championship
The PEI Women's Curling Championship, formerly the Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the provincial women's curling championship in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. The tournament is run by Curl PEI, the provincial curling association. The winning team represents Prince Edward Island at the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
64-gun ship
The 64-gun ship of the line was a type of two-decker warship defined during the 18th century, named after the number of their guns. 64-guns had a lower battery of 24-pounders and an upper battery of 12-pounders. Heavier variants with 18-pounders on the upper deck also existed.

24-pounder long gun
The 24-pounder long gun was a heavy calibre piece of artillery mounted on warships of the Age of Sail. 24-pounders were in service in the navies of  France, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. They were comparable to the Canon de 24 Gribeauval used by the French Army as its largest piece of siege artillery. 24-pounders were used as main guns on the heaviest frigates of the early 19th century and on fourth-rate ships of the line, on the second deck of first-rate ships of the line, and on the second deck of a few large third-rates.
1901 Columbia Blue and White football team
The 1901 Columbia Blue and White football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1901 college football season.  In its third and final season under head coach George Sanford, the team compiled an 8–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 158 to 91. Chauncey L. Berrien was the team captain.

Two Columbia backs were selected as first-team players on the 1901 All-America team: Harold Weekes (from Walter Camp) and Bill Morley (from Caspar Whitney). Berrien and Richard Shore Smith also played in the backfield.

Richard Shore Smith
Richard Shore Smith (December 11, 1877 – May 19, 1953) was an American college football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Oregon from 1896 to 1899 and then at Columbia University, where he attended law school. Playing as a fullback for Columbia in 1903, Smith was named an All-American. He served as the head football coach at Oregon in 1904 and again in 1925, compiling a record of 6–8–1. Smith practiced law in Oregon and was president of the First National Bank in Eugene, Oregon. He died at the age of 74 on May 19, 1953, at his home in Eugene.
Chenar Shahijan Rural District
Chenar Shahijan Rural District (Persian: دهستان چنارشاهیجان) is in the Central District of Kuhchenar County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hakim Bashi-ye Bala, whose population at the time of the National Census of 2016 was 1,634 in 479 households.

In 2018, Kuhmareh and Somghan Rural Districts, and the cities of Nowdan and Qaemiyeh, were separated from Kazerun County in the establishment of Kuhchenar County. Chenar Shahijan Rural District was created in the new Central District.

Nowdan
Nowdan (Persian: نودان) is a city in, and the capital of, Kuhmareh District of Kuhchenar County, Fars province, Iran. It was the administrative center for Kuhmareh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Malay-e Anbar.
2001 SEAT Open
The 2001 SEAT Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg which was part of Tier III of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the 6th edition of the tournament and was held from 22 October until 28 October 2001. First-seeded Kim Clijsters won the singles title, her second at the event after 1999, and earned $27,000 first-prize money.

2001 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
George M. Skurla
George Martin Skurla (July 2, 1921 – September 2, 2001) graduated from University of Michigan in 1944 and was an aeronautical engineer with Grumman Corporation.  He began his career as an apprentice engineer, rising through the ranks and in 1965 becoming Director of Operations at the Kennedy Space Center.  He was responsible for overseeing the production of the Lunar Modules for the Apollo Program.  In June 1973, he oversaw operations for the design and production of the F-14 Tomcat and A-6 Intruder aircraft.  He was elected president of Grumman Corporation in 1985 and retired the next year after 42 years with Grumman Corporation.  He died from pneumonia in Melbourne, Florida at Holmes Regional Medical Center at age 80.  At Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Florida, the aeronautics building is named after him, where he served on the Board of Trustees. 
Skurla is of Croatian descent.

Grumman
The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a 20th century American producer of military and civilian aircraft. Founded on December 6, 1929, by Leroy Grumman and his business partners, it merged in 1994 with Northrop Corporation to form Northrop Grumman.
Prince Muhammad Aiman of Brunei
Muhammad Aiman ibni Al-Muhtadee Billah (born 7 June 2015) is a member of the royal family of Brunei. He is the second son of Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah and Crown Princess Sarah and a grandson of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei. Prince Aiman is third in the line of succession to the Bruneian throne after his father and older brother.

Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah (born 15 July 1946) is Sultan of Brunei, reigning since 1967, and has also served as Prime Minister of Brunei since its independence from British rule in 1984. He is among the world's few remaining absolute monarchs.

The eldest son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Damit, he is the 29th sultan to ascend to the Bruneian throne, following the abdication of his father in 1967. The Sultan has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world. As of 2023, Hassanal Bolkiah is said to have a net worth of $50 billion. He is the world's longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state. On 5 October 2017, Bolkiah celebrated his Golden Jubilee to mark the 50th year of his reign.
Alan Minsky
Alan Minsky (born August 5, 1965) is the executive director of Progressive Democrats of America (PDA).  Before joining PDA in 2018, Minsky worked as a political journalist with Pacifica Radio, wrote a series of books on American sports history, and published articles on both politics and sports.

Norman Solomon
Norman Solomon (born July 7, 1951) is an American journalist, media critic, left-leaning progressive activist, and former U.S. congressional candidate. Solomon is a longtime associate of the media watch group Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR). In 1997 he founded the Institute for Public Accuracy, which works to provide alternative sources for journalists, and serves as its executive director.

Solomon's weekly column, "Media Beat", was in national syndication from 1992 to 2009. In 2012, Solomon ran for Congress in California's 2nd congressional district. He attended the 2016 and 2020 Democratic National Conventions as a Bernie Sanders delegate. Since 2011, he has been the national director of RootsAction.org.
Fortification Rock
Fortification Rock, once a landmark hill on the Colorado River before it was inundated, now known as Rock Island, southernmost and tallest of the Boulder Islands in Lake Mead, Clark County, Nevada. It has an elevation of 1284 feet.  Fortification Rock appears on the 1861 Geological Map No. 1; Rio Colorado of the West, explored by 1st Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, which shows Fortification Rock, Ives Camp #59 and the course of the Colorado River from its mouth on the Gulf of California to Las Vegas Wash and the location of its features and other expedition camps along the way.

Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Citroën LNA
The Citroën LN (Hélène) and Citroën LNA (Hélèna) are front-engine, front-drive, three-door, four passenger hatchback city cars manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1976 to 1986 over a single generation — as a badge engineered variant of the Peugeot 104, introduced shortly after the takeover of Citroën by Peugeot.

The added "A" used in the name of the bigger engined LNA stood for Athlétique (Athletic).
Its noise figure is 69 decibels.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
1975–76 FIBA Korać Cup
The 1975–76 FIBA Korać Cup was the fifth edition of FIBA's new competition, running from 28 October 1975 to 23 March 1976. It was contested by 30 teams, twelve less than in the previous edition.

Jugoplastika defeated Chinamartini Torino in the final to become the competition's champion for first time.

1974–75 FIBA Korać Cup
The 1974–75 FIBA Korać Cup was the fourth edition of FIBA's new competition, running from 5 November 1974 to 25 March 1975. It was contested by 42 teams, five more than in the previous edition.

Birra Forst Cantù defeated CF Barcelona in the final to become the competition's first and only three-peat champion.
1975 Cannes Film Festival
The 28th Cannes Film Festival took place from 9 to 23 May 1975. French actress Jeanne Moreau served as jury president for the main competition.

Algerian filmmaker Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Chronicle of the Years of Fire.

In 1975, a new non-competitive section, Les Yeux fertiles, was introduced. This section was later integrated into the Un Certain Regard section in 1978.

The festival opened with A Happy Divorce by Henning Carlsen, and closed with Tommy by Ken Russell.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Grain (surfboard company)
Grain Surfboards is an American company based in York, Maine that manufactures hollow wooden surfboards. The surfboards are made primarily from northern white cedar, with some western red cedar added for color accent. Grain manufactures custom boards, as well as selling kits and offering classes where surfers can build their own boards.

York, Maine
York is a town in York County, Maine, United States, near the southern tip of the state. The population in the 2020 census was 13,723. Situated beside the Atlantic Ocean on the Gulf of Maine, York is a well-known summer resort town. It is home to three 18-hole golf clubs, four sandy beaches, and Mount Agamenticus. From south to north, it is divided into the villages of Bald Head, York Village, York Harbor, York Beach and Cape Neddick.

York is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
ISO 3166-2:NR
ISO 3166-2:NR is the entry for Nauru in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Nauru, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 14 districts.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is NR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Nauru. The second part is two digits (01–14).

ISO 3166
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.
Saleh Al-Talib
Sheikh Saleh bin Mohammed Al Talib (Arabic: صالح آل طالب; born 23 January 1974), is a Saudi scholar, Sunni Imam, Khatib and judge who has been imprisoned since August 2018 for expressing religious views criticizing Saudi government policies. After overturning a previous acquittal in 2022, the Specialised Criminal Appeals Court overturned the acquittal and sentenced Talib to ten years in custody.

Sheikh Al-Talib was the Imam and Khatib of Al-Masjid al-Haram and was also serving as a judge in District Court in Makkah.

In March 2018, Sheikh Talib visited Pakistan where he met with officials such as then President Mamnoon Hussain and Army Chief Qamar Javed Bajwa.
He was appointed imam in 2002. He participated to lead taraweeh in 2003. He often got to led Isha prayers, and the last prayer that he led was Isha, and he recited Sura Munafiqun.

In September 2025, he was released from prison and is under house arrest as known so far.

Qadi
A qadi (/ˈkɑːdi/; Arabic: قاضي, romanized: qāḍī) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
University of Paris Faculty of Humanities
The Faculty of Humanities of Paris (in French: Faculté des Lettres de Paris [fakylte de lɛtʁ də paʁi]), commonly known as the "Sorbonne", was one of the four faculties of the University of Paris, refounded in 1896, and an independent entity from 1808 to 1896, based in the Sorbonne building, in Paris. It was the heir to the Faculty of Arts of the old University of Paris, founded around 1200, and to the College of Sorbonne, founded in 1270.

It was set up by the imperial decree regarding the University of France on 17 March 1808. It partly succeeded the Faculty of Arts of the former University of Paris (1150–1793). In 1896, it was joined to four other faculties in Paris to form the new University of Paris. It was dissolved in 1970, at the same time as the University of Paris. Sorbonne University and the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University are its main successors today.

Sorbonne Nouvelle University
The Sorbonne Nouvelle University (French: Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, Paris 3, Sorbonne Nouvelle and the Sorbonne) is a public liberal arts and humanities university in Paris, France. It is one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was completely overhauled and restructured in 1970.
2016 Quetta police training college attack
On 24 October 2016, three heavily armed terrorists carried out an attack on the Balochistan police training college in Quetta, Pakistan, killing 61 cadets and injuring more than 165 others. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the attack, and Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Jhangvi claimed to have collaborated with them. According to Pakistani authorities, the assailants came from Afghanistan and were in contact with their handlers there while perpetrating the attack.

Balochistan Police
Balochistan Police or Baloch Police (Baloch, Urdu: بلوچستان پولیس) is responsible for policing urban Balochistan, Pakistan. Its strength is 42,770 as of 2023. The current Inspector General of Police, Balochistan is Muhammad Tahir.
Federal student loan consolidation
In the United States, the Federal Direct Student Loan Program (FDLP) includes consolidation loans that allow students to consolidate Stafford Loans, Graduate PLUS Loans, and Federal Perkins Loans into one single debt.

Federal Perkins Loan
A Federal Perkins Loan, also referred to as a Perkins Loan, was a need-based student loan offered by U.S. Department of Education from 1958 until 2017. Created as part of the Federal Direct Student Loan Program, the Perkins Loan served to assist American college students fund their post-secondary education. The program was named after Carl D. Perkins, a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky.
Automotive industry in Mexico
Motorcars first arrived in Mexico City in 1903. Since then, several vehicle brands have been especially successful. A number of manufacturers make vehicles in Mexico, and many brands have been and continue to be available.

Volkswagen Jetta
The Volkswagen Jetta (listenⓘ) is a compact car/small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen since 1979. Positioned to fill a sedan niche slightly above the firm's Golf hatchback, it has been marketed over seven generations, variously as the Atlantic, Vento, Bora, City Jetta, Jetta City, GLI, Jetta, Clasico, and Sagitar (in China).

The Jetta has been offered in two- and four-door saloon / sedan and sometimes as five-door wagon / estate versions. Since the original version in 1980, the car has grown in size and power with each generation. By mid-2011, almost 10 million Jettas have been produced and sold all over the world. As of April 2014, Volkswagen marketed over 14 million, becoming its top selling model.
DG Sport Compétition
DG Sport Compétition is a Belgian auto racing team based in Theux, Belgium. The team has raced in the TCR International Series, since 2017. The also races in the TCR Benelux Touring Car Championship and Belgian Rally Championship. Having previously rallied in the European Rally Championship.

Peugeot 308
The Peugeot 308 is a small family car (C-segment car; compact car in North America) produced by French automobile manufacturer Peugeot. It was unveiled in June 2007, and launched in September 2007 in hatchback form, which was followed by station wagon (the 308 SW) in March 2008, coupé cabriolet (the 308 CC) in February 2009, and a sedan version (the 408) in February 2010. The 308 replaced the 307, and positioned below the 508 and above the smallest 208.

The first generation was largely based on its predecessor, the 307, and utilized modified versions of that car's drivetrain and chassis. The second-generation model was unveiled in 2013, and it was awarded as the 2014 European Car of the Year. The third-generation model was unveiled in 2021 and introduced a hybrid powertrain.