hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arago's rotations
Arago's rotations is an observable magnetic phenomenon that involves the interactions between a magnetized needle and a moving metal disk. The effect was discovered by François Arago in 1824. At the time of their discovery, Arago's rotations were surprising effects that were difficult to explain. In 1831, Michael Faraday introduced the theory of electromagnetic induction, which explained how the effects happen in detail.

Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism.

Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.
Current Shorthand
Current Shorthand was developed beginning in 1884 and published in 1892 by Dr. Henry Sweet. It shares some similarities with the Gregg system, with which Current is contemporary. It uses more ink than classical systems, and whether or not it is fit like them for sustained verbatim reporting has never been established.

Gregg shorthand
Gregg shorthand is a system of shorthand developed by John Robert Gregg in 1888. Distinguished by its phonemic basis, the system prioritizes the sounds of speech over traditional English spelling, enabling rapid writing by employing elliptical figures and lines that bisect them. Gregg shorthand's design facilitates smooth, cursive strokes without the angular outlines characteristic of earlier systems like Duployan shorthand, thereby enhancing writing-speed and legibility.

Over the years, Gregg shorthand has undergone several revisions, each aimed at simplifying the system and increasing its speed and efficiency. These versions range from the Pre-Anniversary editions to the more recent Centennial version, with each adaptation maintaining the core principles while introducing modifications to suit varying needs and preferences.
Its efficiency, once mastered, allows for speeds upwards of 280 words per minute. The system is adaptable to both right- and left-handed writers.
Patuet
Patuet (from the French pataouète) is the dialect of the Catalan language that was spoken in the Maghreb, mainly in Algeria, during the French administration. Mainly of Menorca, Alicante and Roussillon origin, it was characterized by French and Arabic influences and, in turn, influenced the French slang of the pied-noir. After the Pieds-noirs exodus that followed the independence of Algeria, in 1962, most of the population was dispersed throughout France (majority), Roussillon and a minority in the province of Alicante, Spain. The Fort-de-l'Eau Neighborhood Association holds an annual meeting of Algerians of Menorcan descent in the Provencal commune of L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue. In 2001, some participants in the event still spoke Patuet.

Northern Catalan
Northern Catalan (Catalan: català septentrional), also known as Roussillonese (rossellonès), is a Catalan dialect mostly spoken in Northern Catalonia (roughly corresponding with the region of Roussillon), but also extending in the northeast part of Southern Catalonia in a transition zone with Central Catalan. All speakers of Catalan from North Catalonia are at least natively bilingual with French.
Bhirani
Bhirani is a Sub Tehsil of Hanumangarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.
Bhirani is situated at a distance of about 22.1 km from its block headquarters Bhadra, 160.5 km from the district headquarters of Hanumangarh and 353.5 km away from the state capital of Jaipur. It is 200 km from national capital New Delhi.
Hisar is the nearest Haryana district only 30 km

Hanumangarh
Hanumangarh is a city and municipal council in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar, located about 400 km from Delhi. Hanumangarh is the administrative headquarter of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner (alternatively spelled Bhatnair) because it was founded by king Bhupat in 255 AD. It remained in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati clan and faced a historic siege by Timur in 1391, during which the Bhati Raput king Dulachand lost the fort for a short time. The fort was later occupied by Rao Jetsa of Bikaner.
1983 Brownlow Medal
The 1983 Brownlow Medal was the 56th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Ross Glendinning of the North Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 1983 VFL season.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
Daniel Rouse
Daniel Maxwell Rouse (born 1 May 1972) is a Fijian former rugby union international who represented Fiji in 28 Test matches from 1995 to 1999.

Suva-born Rouse played as a number eight for his local club Nadi and in his early Test matches, before making the switch to prop. He was a member of Fiji's squad at the 1999 Rugby World Cup, featuring in all four matches. The quarter-final play-off loss to England at Twickenham was Rouse's final Test appearance.

Rouse's rugby union career included a stint with English club Harlequins. He was a British passport holder and had received his education at Dover College during the 1980s.

Dover College
Dover College is an independent day and boarding school in the English public school tradition located in Dover in south east England. It was founded in 1871, and takes both day pupils and boarders from the UK and internationally.

The school occupies some of the medieval buildings of Dover Priory, on a site just east of the eponymous railway station.
Benaoján
Benaoján (Spanish pronunciation: [benaoˈxan]) is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is located within the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park. Its surface area is 32 km2. The municipality is situated approximately 17 kilometers from Ronda and 116 km from the capital of the province. It is situated at an altitude of 524 meters. Its inhabitants are called benaojanos.

Its name is of Arab origin. Some believe it means children of Oján, from the Berber tribe, and others think "home of the baker."

Ronda
Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia.

Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliffside location and a deep canyon that carries the Guadalevín River and divides the town. It is one of the towns and villages that are included in the Sierra de las Nieves National Park.
2014 Trofeo Ricardo Delgado Aray – Doubles
These are the ATP Challenger Tour doubles matches for the 2014 Trofeo Ricardo Delgado Aray.

Marcelo Arévalo and Sergio Galdós were the defending champions but Galdós did not participate that year and Arévalo played alongside César Ramírez and lost in the semi-finals to Chase Buchanan and Peter Polansky.

Chase Buchanan and Peter Polansky won the title, defeating Luis David Martínez and Eduardo Struvay in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Manta Open
The Trofeo Ricardo Delgado Aray (also known as the Manta Open) was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was held annually at the Umiña Tenis Club in Manta, Ecuador, from 2004 until 2014.
Planet of the Spiders
Planet of the Spiders is the fifth and final serial of the 11th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in six weekly parts on BBC1 from 4 May to 8 June 1974. It was Jon Pertwee's final regular appearance as the Third Doctor, the last regular appearance of Mike Yates, and marks the first, uncredited appearance of Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor. This serial introduces the term "regenerate" to explain the Doctor's transformation into another appearance. It also contains the first mention in the series of future companion Harry Sullivan.

In this serial, a group of men at a Tibetan centre in rural England make contact with a race of giant spiders with psychic abilities from the planet Metebelis 3, who intend to conquer Earth.

The Curse of Peladon
The Curse of Peladon is the second serial of the ninth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 29 January to 19 February 1972.

The serial is set on the superstitious and mineral-rich planet Peladon. In the serial, the alien time traveller the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) and his travelling companion Jo Grant (Katy Manning) discover the High Priest Hepesh (Geoffrey Toone) conspiring to stop Peladon from joining the Galactic Federation so that the old ways on the planet are preserved.
Bear Island (Nunavut)
Bear Island is an uninhabited island offshore of Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. The island lies in the Labrador Sea a few kilometres north of its confluence with Frobisher Bay. Other islands in the immediate vicinity of the tip of Hall Peninsula include the Harper Islands, Lefferts Island, Little Hall Island, and Hudson Island.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Marie Muchmore
Marie M. Muchmore (August 5, 1909 – April 26, 1990) was one of the witnesses to the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. A color 8 mm film that Muchmore made is one of the primary documents of the assassination. The Muchmore film, with other 8 mm films taken by Abraham Zapruder and Orville Nix, was used by the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination and to position the presidential limousine in a forensic recreation of the event in May 1964.

Abraham Zapruder
Abraham Zapruder (May 15, 1905 – August 30, 1970) was a Ukrainian-born American clothing manufacturer based in Dallas, Texas, who became known for his film work during the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Of Russian-Jewish extraction, Zapruder resided in Dallas and founded a fashion company. On the day of the assassination, he unexpectedly captured the shooting in a home movie while filming Kennedy's presidential limousine as it traveled through Dealey Plaza. The Zapruder film is regarded as the most complete footage of the assassination. Zapruder died in 1970.
Gerousia
The Gerousia (γερουσία) was the council of elders in ancient Sparta. Sometimes called the Spartan senate, it was made up of the two Spartan kings, plus 28 Spartiates over the age of sixty, known as gerontes. The Gerousia was a prestigious body, holding extensive judicial and legislative powers, which helped shape Spartan policy.

Ancient Greeks considered that the Gerousia was created by the mythical Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus in his Great Rhetra, the constitution of Sparta.

The gerontes were elected through peculiar shouting elections, which were open to manipulation, especially from the kings.

G. E. M. de Ste. Croix
Geoffrey Ernest Maurice de Ste. Croix FBA (/dəseɪntˈkrɔɪ/; 8 February 1910 – 5 February 2000), known informally as Croicks, was a British historian who specialised in examining Ancient Greece from a Marxist perspective. He was Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History at New College, Oxford, from 1953 to 1977, where he taught scholars including Robin Lane Fox, Robert Parker and Nicholas Richardson.
Bielecki Island
Bielecki Island (64°46′S 64°29′W﻿ / ﻿64.767°S 64.483°W﻿ / -64.767; -64.483) is an island 1 kilometre (0.5 nmi) north of Trundy Island in the western part of the Joubin Islands. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Johannes N. Bielecki, an assistant engineer in RV Hero on her first Antarctic voyage to Palmer Station in 1968.

Joubin Islands
The Joubin Islands are a group of small islands lying 6 kilometres (3 nmi) south-west of Cape Monaco, Anvers Island, at the south-western end of the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The islands were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Louis Joubin, the French naturalist.  They have been designated a Restricted Zone under ASMA 7 — Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin — which includes the marine area extending 50 metres (55 yd) from the shorelines.
Whakatīwai
Whakatīwai is a locality on the Seabird Coast on the western shore of the Firth of Thames, in the Hauraki District, New Zealand. Whakatīwai is the location of Wharekawa Marae, which holds importance for Ngāti Paoa and Ngāti Whanaunga. Whakatīwai Regional Park is just north of Whakatīwai. Until 2010, Whakatīwai was a part of the Franklin District. Because it was previously considered a part of the Auckland region, the Whakatīwai Regional Park continues to be owned and operated by the Auckland Council.

Hauraki District
Hauraki District is a territorial authority governed by the Hauraki District Council within the Waikato region of New Zealand. The seat of the council is at Paeroa.

The area covered by the district extends from the southwest coast of the Firth of Thames southeast towards Te Aroha, although that town lies beyond its boundaries. It extends eastwards to the Bay of Plenty coast, taking in the southernmost part of the Coromandel Peninsula. The rest of the peninsula is part of Thames-Coromandel District.

Features of the district include the Karangahake Gorge, Whiritoa, the Hauraki Plains, Ngatea and the gold mining town of Waihi.
Abyss Lake
Abyss Lake is a lake in southeastern Alaska. Lying on the eastern side of the Brady Glacier, it receives meltwater from it, which in turn flows into the Dundas River, Dundas Bay, Cross Sound and thence into the Pacific.

A part of the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, its water is regularly blocked by an ice dam.  When such a dam breaks in a glacial lake outburst flood, much of the lake's water is propelled into Dundas Bay, along with trees, ice chunks, and sediment.  This has happened in 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2005, and again in September 2006.

Cross Sound
Cross Sound is a passage in the Alexander Archipelago in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Alaska, located between Chichagof Island to its south and the mainland to its north. It is 48 km (30 mi) long and extends from the Gulf of Alaska to Icy Strait.

Cross Sound was named by James Cook in 1778 because he found it on May 3, designated on his calendar as Holy Cross Day.

The Cape Spencer Light marks the north side of the entrance to the sound from the Gulf of Alaska.
58°10′40″N 136°30′36″W﻿ / ﻿58.17778°N 136.51000°W﻿ / 58.17778; -136.51000

Dicks Arm is an inlet on northern Cross Sound.
Evgeniya Maykova
Evgeniya Petrovna Maykova (née Gusyatnikova, 29 December 1803 – 1 July 1880) was a Russian writer and poet. She was also the mistress of a literary salon. She was married to Nikolay Maykov and the mother of Apollon, Valerian, Vladimir, and Leonid.

Leonid Maykov
Leonid Nikolaevich Maikov (Russian: Леонид Николаевич Майков; 1839–1900) was a prominent researcher in the history of Russian literature, a full member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, president of the Russian Bibliological Society, Privy Councillor; the son of the painter Nikolay Maykov, the younger brother of Apollon, Valerian and Vladimir Maykov.
Musée d'art contemporain de Baie-Saint-Paul
The Musée d'art contemporain de Baie-Saint-Paul, formerly the Centre d'art de Baie-Saint-Paul, is housed in the Centre d’exposition de Baie-St-Paul. It is a contemporary art museum in Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec, Canada.

Baie-Saint-Paul
Baie-Saint-Paul (French pronunciation: [bɛ sɛ̃ pɔl]; 2021 Population 7,371; UA population 4,308) is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River.  Baie-Saint-Paul is the seat of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality. The city is situated at the mouth of the Gouffre River.

The place gained some prominence in the 1770s when Doctor Philippe-Louis-François Badelard named a disease he was researching the "Baie-Saint-Paul maladie". This illness was the subject of one of the first medical publications done in Lower Canada. It is also where Cirque du Soleil originated back in the early 1980s and the location of the first show using the name Cirque du Soleil during "La Fete Foraine de Baie-Saint-Paul" in 1984.
2026 Nevada State Treasurer election
The 2026 Nevada State Treasurer election will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the Nevada State Treasurer. Incumbent Democratic Treasurer Zach Conine is term-limited and is instead running for attorney general.

2026 Nevada Attorney General election
The 2026 Nevada Attorney General election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the attorney general of Nevada. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Aaron Ford is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office.
Preux Chevalier
Preux Chevalier (13 September 1978 – 2 June 2007) was a pacer (racing horse) foaled in New Zealand but notable for his racing successes in Australia in 1984 and 1985 including wins in the Inter Dominion Pacing Championship, Miracle Mile Pace and A G Hunter Cup .

Popular Alm
Popular Alm (1976–2000) was an Australian bred Standardbred pacer. He was one of the fastest pacers Australia has produced, running exceptional times over many distances. Popular Alm set a world record for a mile time trial at Moonee Valley on 13 May 1983, running 1:53.2. He raced 62 times over seven seasons for 49 wins, seven seconds and three thirds for stake earnings of $710,883. He was known as "Poppy".

He was bred by Arthur Pearce and foaled in 1976 at Bendigo, Victoria. Popular Alm was by Sovereign Adios from Direct Design, a daughter of Truant Hanover. He was inbred to Adios in the third generation (3x3) of his pedigree.
2024 Xiamen Diamond League
The 2024 Xiamen Diamond League was an outdoor track and field meeting in Xiamen, China. Held on 20 April at Xiamen Egret Stadium, it was the opening leg of the 2024 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

Xiamen Diamond League
The Xiamen Diamond League is a track and field meeting held at Xiamen Egret Stadium in Xiamen, China.

The meeting is part of the Diamond League series, having replaced Shenzhen as China's host city and will continue to host one of two Chinese Wanda Diamond League meetings until 2032. The new location was announced on 2 August 2023.

It is the only Diamond League meeting to take place on a 10-lane track for straight sprints, as part of the US$1.2 billion Egret Stadium.
1991 Volkswagen Cup
The 1991 Volkswagen Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Fairhall in Leipzig in Germany that was part of Tier III of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 30 September until 6 October 1991. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her second consecutive at the event, and earned $45,000 first-prize money as well as 240 ranking points.

1991 WTA Tour
The 1991 WTA Tour (officially titled 1991 Kraft General Foods World Tour after its sponsor) was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 1991 tennis season.

The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
Vanishing Indian
The Vanishing Indian or Vanishing Indian Myth is a stereotype regarding the depiction of Indigenous people, generally in the Americas, although the concept is found elsewhere as well, that they either are extinct or are destined to go extinct.

Paper genocide
Paper genocide is the systemic removal of a group of people from historical records, such as censuses, which gives the impression that that group has disappeared or become extinct. A 2023 article published by Cultural Survival defines the term as "intentional destruction of documents and records related to a particular group of people, usually with the intent of erasing their histories and cultures", while a 2019 article in National Geographic characterizes the term thusly: "Paper genocide means that a people can be made to disappear on paper". The term is often used to refer to government policies regarding Native Americans in the United States and the Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, primarily the Taíno. According to Cultural Survival, paper genocide can lead to generational and historical trauma for the communities affected.
Chinakkathoor Temple
Chinakkathoor Bhagavathi Temple is a Hindu temple located at Palappuram near Ottapalam in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. The temple is well-known for the Chinakkathoor pooram held annually in the Malayalam month of Kumbham.

There are two shrines, Thazhekavu (lower shrine) and Melakavu (upper shrine). Melakavu is believed to be older than Thazekavu. The priests of the upper shrine traditionally come from the Kulangara Nair family of Palappuram. Namboothiri priests do the poojas in the lower shrine and in the ten days of pooram. They are in charge of the upper shrine as well. There is a shrine dedicated to Lord Ganapathy who is believed to be in his divine "Vidya Ganapati" form, adjoining the temple complex near the iconic banyan tree.

Ottapalam
Ottapalam (also spelled Ottappalam) is a town, taluk, and municipality in the Palakkad District of Kerala, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ottapalam taluk and is located approximately 34 km (21 mi) from the Palakkad (district HQ), along the banks of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in the state.

It is one of the major commercial centres in the district. It is also one of the major filming locations in Kerala.
Boer commando
The Boer Commandos  or "Kommandos" were volunteer military units of guerrilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. From this came the term "commando" into the English language during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902 as per Costica Andrew.

Lee–Metford
The Lee–Metford (also known as the Magazine Lee–Metford or .303 Lee Metford) is a British bolt action rifle which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt system and detachable magazine with an innovative seven-groove rifled barrel designed by William Ellis Metford. It replaced the Martini–Henry as the standard service rifle of the British Empire in 1888, following nine years of development and trials, but remained in service for only a short time until replaced by the Lee–Enfield.