hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harmit Malik
Harmit Singh Malik (born 1973) is an Indian American evolutionary biologist who is a professor and associate director at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. He was awarded the 2022 Genetics Society of America Edward Novitski Prize.

Steven Henikoff
Steven Henikoff is a scientist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and an HHMI Investigator. His field of study is chromatin-related transcriptional regulation. 
He earned his BS in chemistry at the University of Chicago. He earned his PhD in biochemistry and molecular biology from Harvard University in the lab of Matt Meselson in 1977. He did a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Washington. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and HHMI. In 1992, Steven Henikoff, together with his wife Jorja Henikoff, introduced the BLOSUM substitution matrices. The BLOSUM matrices are widely used for sequence alignment of proteins. In 2005, Henikoff was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

In 2025 Steven Henikoff was awarded the Rosenstiel Award for his transformative research on genome organization and gene expression.
Glossary of Sikhism
The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Sikh and Indian tradition. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Sikhism all in one place.

Five Ks
In Sikhism, the Five Ks (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਕਕਾਰ, Pañj Kakār, Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈpənd͡ʒ.ˈkəˌka:ɾ]) are five items that Guru Gobind Singh, in 1699, commanded Khalsa Sikhs to wear at all times. They are: kesh (ਕੇਸ਼, keś, unshorn hair and beard since the Sikh decided to keep it), kangha (ਕੰਘਾ, kãṅghā, a comb for the kesh, usually wood), kara (ਕੜਾ, kaṛā, a bracelet, usually made of iron or steel), kachhera (ਕਛੈਰਾ, kachairā, an undergarment), and kirpan (ਕਿਰਪਾਨ, kirpān, a small curved sword or knife made of iron or steel).

The Five Ks are not just symbols, but articles of faith that collectively form the external identity and the Khalsa devotee's commitment to the Sikh rehni, 'Sikh way of life'. A Sikh who has taken Amrit and keeps all five Ks is known as Khalsa ('pure') or Amritdhari Sikh ('Amrit Sanskar participant'), a Sikh who has not taken Amrit but follows the teachings of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib is called a Sahajdhari Sikh.
Battle of Stralsund (1809)
The Battle of Stralsund took place on 31 May 1809 during the Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 and Franco-Swedish War, both part of the larger Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between Prussian freikorps under Ferdinand von Schill and French, Dutch and Dano-Norwegian troops in Stralsund. In a "vicious street battle", Schill's army was defeated and he was killed in action.

Dano-Swedish War (1808–1809)
The Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 was a war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden due to Denmark–Norway's alliance with France and Sweden's alliance with the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars. Neither Sweden nor Denmark-Norway had wanted war to begin with but once pushed into it through their respective alliances, Sweden made a bid to acquire Norway by way of invasion while Denmark-Norway made ill-fated attempts to reconquer territories lost to Sweden in the 17th century. Peace was concluded on grounds of status quo ante bellum on 10 December 1809.
Ahmad Madani
Ahmad Madani (Persian: احمد مدنی; July/August 1929 – 12 February 2006) was an Iranian politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979), governor of the Khuzestan province (1979–80) and candidate in the first Iranian presidential election. Madani became a navy Commodore in 1970, but was removed in 1973. He later became a navy commander after the revolution and was the first ever Minister of Defence under the new regime. Madani was also elected to the first parliament from Kerman, but was not approved. He eventually fled to the United States in 1980.

Commander of the Iranian Navy
The Commander of the Iranian Navy (Persian: فرمانده نیروی دریایی ارتش) is the highest-ranking position of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy, and has operational control and is responsible for overall operations of the navy. The current commander is Shahram Irani.
Casualty series 40
The fortieth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 2 August 2025. The series focuses on the professional and personal lives of medical and ancillary staff at the emergency department (ED) of the fictional Holby City Hospital. Roxanne Harvey serves as executive producer, while Liza Mellody continued as series producer. Series 40 is expected be the last prior to a new production contract coming into force, and the final to be set in the fictional location of Holby. The series concludes the mini-series Supply and Demand.

Characters of Casualty
Casualty is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC1. The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin. It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show Holby City. Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with ten main characters in its first series, including the longest-serving character Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson). They have all since left the series. Many main characters have been written in and out of the series since. In addition, Casualty features guest stars each week, as well as recurring guests that take part in story arcs that span a portion of a series or multiple series.
LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows:

Labor Party (Mexico)
The Labor Party (Spanish: Partido del Trabajo [paɾˈtiðo ðel tɾaˈβaxo], PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.

Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI.

It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election, becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union.
Phyzelaphryne nimio
Phyzelaphryne nimio is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Japurá River basin. It is a poorly known species, only discovered on one river bank.

Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America. They are sometimes known under the common name rain frogs. Formerly the subfamily Eleutherodactylinae of the family Leptodactylidae, it was raised to the family status following a major revision of New World direct-developing frogs in 2008. As currently defined, the family has more than 200 species (as of 2014, 206 or 207 species).

Eleutherodactylid frogs vary considerably in size, from the minuscule Eleutherodactylus iberia (female snout–vent length 10.5 mm (0.41 in)) to the relative giant E. inoptatus (female snout–vent length 88 mm (3.5 in)). Except for the ovoviviparous E. jasperi, these frogs have direct development:  no free-living tadpole stage exists; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.
Kaisma
Kaisma is a village in Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia. It is located about 11 km (7 mi) north of Tootsi, 12 km (7 mi) south of Järvakandi, 15 km (9 mi) west of Vändra and 19 km (12 mi) east of Pärnu-Jaagupi boroughs. Kaisma has conglutinated with the neighbouring Kergu village. The nearest railway stations are in Kõnnu (6 km (4 mi)) and Viluvere (7 km (4 mi)).

As of the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 116.

Kaisma was first mentioned as Caysma in 1530. Kaisma Manor had existed already in 1601. The main building and distillery were destroyed during the Revolution of 1905. Geologist and botanist Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832–1908) was born in the manor.

Between 1991 and 2009, Kaisma was the administrative centre of Kaisma Parish, before it was merged into Vändra Parish. In 2017, Vändra Parish was merged into newly established Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish.

Pärnu-Jaagupi
Pärnu-Jaagupi (German: Sankt Jakobi) is a borough (alev) in Põhja-Pärnumaa Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia. It has a population of 1,291 (as of 9 January 2009).

Estonian stage and film actress Herta Elviste (1923-2015) was born in Pärnu-Jaagupi.
Betws Garmon
Betws Garmon is a community and small hamlet outside Waunfawr and near Beddgelert in Gwynedd, Wales.  It has a population of 249.

The summit of Snowdon lies within the community boundaries. Bryn Gloch has the newly reopened narrow gauge Welsh Highland Railway passing alongside it. The hamlet of Rhyd-Ddu is in the community.

Over the road from Bryn Gloch there is a parish church. Along the mountain extensive slate workings can be seen.

Betws Garmon also has a park near it. Near the station there is a road which leads to Rhosgadfan. Up that road there is a footpath that leads to Y Fron. A river that flows through the hamlet is called Afon Gwyrfai.

There was a folk tale concerning the family of Pellings, who lived at Betws Garmon until the 19th century. It was said that they were descended from a man and a fairy named Penelope. Penelope lived happily with her human husband until she was accidentally touched with a piece of iron, whereupon she disappeared forever.

Rhyd-ddu
Rhyd-ddu (/ˌriːdˈðiː/; Welsh: [ˌr̥iːdˈðiː]; lit. 'black ford') is a small village in Snowdonia, North Wales which is a starting point for walks up Snowdon (via the Rhyd Ddu Path), Moel Hebog, Yr Aran and the Nantlle Ridge.

It lies on the A4085 between Beddgelert and Caernarfon, at its junction with the B4418 to Nantlle and Penygroes.

Rhyd Ddu railway station is one of the stops on the Welsh Highland Railway between Caernarfon and Porthmadog.

T. H. Parry-Williams, the poet, author and academic was born and raised at Rhyd-ddu. He twice won both the chair and the Crown at the National Eisteddfod, in 1912 and 1915.
Arcata–Eureka Airport
California Redwood Coast – Humboldt County Airport(IATA: ACV, ICAO: KACV, FAA LID: ACV), also known as Arcata–Eureka Airport and Arcata Airport, is in Humboldt County, California, United States, 8 miles (13 km) north of Arcata and 15 miles (24 km) north of Eureka, in McKinleyville.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a Nonhub primary commercial service airport. The airport is a federally designated port of entry for civil aircraft arriving in the United States. The airport is the site of the command center for and primary facilities of the United States Coast Guard Air Station Humboldt Bay, which provides rescue and law enforcement for the region north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Medford, Oregon
Medford is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Oregon, in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census on April 1, 2020, the city had a total population of 85,824, making it the eighth-most populous city in Oregon, and a metropolitan area population of 223,259, making the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area the fifth largest metro area in Oregon. The city was named in 1883 by David Loring, civil engineer and right-of-way agent for the Oregon and California Railroad, after Medford, Massachusetts, which was near Loring's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts.  Medford is near the middle fork of Bear Creek.
Church of the Saintes Maries de la Mer
The Church of the Saintes Maries de la Mer (Occitan: Gléisa de las Santas Marïas de la Mar) is a Romanesque fortified church built in the 9th century in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in Camargue, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence. Dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus and to The Three Marys, it is the subject of annual Roma pilgrimage. Since 1840, it has been classified as a French Historical Monument.

Salome (disciple)
In the New Testament, Salome was a follower of Jesus who appears briefly in the canonical gospels and in apocryphal writings. She is named by Mark as present at the crucifixion and as one of the Myrrhbearers, the women who found Jesus's empty tomb. Interpretation has further identified her with other women who are mentioned but not named in the canonical gospels. In particular, she is often identified as the wife of Zebedee, the mother of James and John, two of the Twelve apostles. In medieval tradition Salome (as Mary Salome) was counted as one of the Three Marys who were daughters of Saint Anne, so making her the sister or half-sister of Mary, mother of Jesus.
Katia Skanavi
Katia Skanavi (born in Moscow, 1971) is a Russian pianist. Granddaughter of the Russian film director Aleksandr Zarkhi.

Skanavi started a concert career after being awarded the XXII Long-Thibaud Competition's 3rd prize at 18. In 1994 she won Athens' Maria Callas Grand Prize. In 1995, she received an honorable mention at the XIII International Chopin Piano Competition.

Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition
The Long–Thibaud–Crespin Competition is an international classical music competition for pianists, violinists and singers that has been held in France since 1943.   (A Jacques Thibaud Competition was held the year before in Bordeaux: Jacques Thibaud chaired the jury and the First Prize was awarded to Jacques Dejean.)  It was created by the pianist Marguerite Long and the violinist Jacques Thibaud.  Thibaud died in 1953, Long in 1966.  Until 2011 it included only pianists and violinists and was known as the Marguerite Long–Jacques Thibaud Competition.  That year, in honour of the French soprano Régine Crespin (1927–2007), it was expanded to include singers, and renamed.
Bestun station
Bestun Station (Norwegian: Bestun stasjon) was a railway station situated at Bestum of the Ullern area of Oslo, Norway, on the Drammen Line. The station, located 4.31 kilometers (2.68 mi) from Oslo West Station (Oslo V), was served by Oslo Commuter Rail trains of the Norwegian State Railways.

The station opened as Vækkerø on 15 July 1884. It received a new station building, designed by Paul Due in 1890, and took the name Bestum on 15 August 1890. The third and current station building, designed by Eivind Gleditsch, was completed in 1918. This allowed the station to receive its form as an elevated. The name Bestun was taken into use on 1 September 1922, a week after electric traction and double track had been established past it. The station was one of several closed on 3 July 1973 as part of a service upgrade to speed up local trains on the Drammen Line. Due's station building has been preserved and is on display at the Norwegian Railway Museum.

Gjøvik Line
The Gjøvik Line (Norwegian: Gjøvikbanen) is a Norwegian railway line between Oslo and Gjøvik. It was originally named the North Line (Nordbanen) and ran between Grefsen and Røykenvik. The line was completed to Gjøvik in 1902. The Gjøvik Line was one of the first lines of the Norwegian railway system which was to be contracted on public service obligation, but it was the state owned Norges Statsbaner which won, operating it through its subsidiary Vy Gjøvikbanen.
Chubut steamer duck
The Chubut steamer duck or white-headed flightless steamer duck (Tachyeres leucocephalus) is a flightless duck endemic to Argentina.

It is the most recently recognized species of steamer duck, being described only in 1981. This is because it is only found along a rather small and sparsely populated stretch of coast around the Golfo San Jorge in southern Chubut and northern Santa Cruz Provinces, and because steamer ducks in general look fairly similar in plumage.

Steamer duck
The steamer ducks are a genus (Tachyeres) of ducks in the family Anatidae. Three of the four species occur in the southern part of the Southern Cone of South America in Chile and Argentina, and the fourth on the Falkland Islands 500 km to the east; all except the flying steamer duck are flightless, and even this one species capable of flight only rarely takes to the air. They can be aggressive and are capable of chasing off predators like petrels. Bloody battles of steamer ducks with each other over territory disputes are observed in nature. They even kill waterbirds that are several times their size.
Quién Sabe Creek
Quién Sabe Creek is a tributary stream of Los Muertos Creek, in San Benito County, California. Los Muertos Creek is in turn tributary to Tres Pinos Creek and Tres Pinos to the San Benito River, itself tributary to the Pajaro River. Quien Sabe Creek's mouth is at an elevation of 1,470 feet (450 meters) at its confluence with Los Muertos Creek. Its source is at 36°54′40″N 121°12′55″W﻿ / ﻿36.91111°N 121.21528°W﻿ / 36.91111; -121.21528 an elevation of 2,800 feet (850 meters) in the Diablo Range.

Diablo Range
The Diablo Range is a mountain range in the California Coast Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Coast Ranges in northern California, United States. It stretches from the eastern San Francisco Bay Area at its northern end to the Salinas Valley area at its southern end.
Rapidan Dam Canal of the Rappahannock Navigation
The Rapidan Dam Canal of the Rappahannock Navigation is a canal intended to safely carry Batteaus, sturdy flat-bottomed boats used primarily for transporting cargo, around the rapids at the confluence of the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers. The Rapidan Canal, funded and constructed by The Rappahannock Company, consists of two different canals (the Old Rapidan Canal and the Rapidan Canal) built at different times. All of the Rappahannock Navigation, of which the Rapidan Canal is a part, is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia. The Confluence, the name used on maps of the day and sometimes maps of today to denote where the two rivers meet, is located where the borders of the Virginia Counties of Spotsylvania, Stafford and Culpeper meet but is owned by the City of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Rapidan Canal was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) on June 19, 1973, and on the National Register of Historic Places on July 26, 1973.

Control lock
A control lock, guard lock or stop lock differs from a normal canal lock in that its primary purpose is controlling variances in water level rather than raising or lowering vessels. A control lock may also be known as a tide lock where it is used to control seawater entering into a body of fresh water.
2020–21 UEFA Nations League A
The 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A was the top division of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. League A culminated with the Nations League Finals in October 2021 to determine the champions of the competition.

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France. None of the teams that had qualified for the previous UEFA Nations League Finals qualified for the 2021 edition.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.

2020–21 UEFA Nations League
The 2020–21 UEFA Nations League was the second season of the UEFA Nations League, an international association football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The competition was held from September to November 2020 (league phase), October 2021 (Nations League Finals) and March 2022 (relegation play-outs).

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France. None of the teams that had qualified for the previous UEFA Nations League Finals qualified for the 2021 edition.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Marvel Rivals
Marvel Rivals is a hero shooter video game developed and published by NetEase Games in collaboration with Marvel Games. The game was released for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S on December 6, 2024, with a PlayStation 4 version released on September 12, 2025. The game is free-to-play with a current lineup of 47 characters from Marvel Comics, and features cross-play across all supported platforms.

Three comic book series based on the game have been and will be published by Marvel Comics: Marvel Rivals, Sai: Dimensional Rivals, and Queen in Black.

Player versus environment
Player versus environment (PvE), also known as player versus monster (PvM), and commonly misinterpreted as player versus entity or player versus enemy, is a term used for both single-player and online games, particularly MMORPGs, CORPGs, MUDs, other online role-playing video games and survival games to refer to fighting computer-controlled enemies – in contrast to player versus player (PvP) which is fighting other players in the game. In survival games a large part may be fighting the elements, controlling hunger and thirst, learning to adapt to the environment and exploration.

Usually a PvE mode can be played alone, with human companions or with AI companions. The PvE mode may contain a storyline that is narrated as the player progresses through missions. It may also contain missions that may be done in any order.
Norwegian Publishers' Association
The Norwegian Publishers' Association (Norwegian: Den norske Forleggerforening) is a publishing house association in Norway.

It was established in 1895 by William Martin Nygaard as a sub-group of the Norwegian Booksellers Association. The two separated in 1956.

Its current chair is Tom Harald Jenssen, and managing director is Kristenn Einarsson.

Norwegian Booksellers Association
The Norwegian Booksellers Association (Norwegian: Den norske Bokhandlerforening) is a Norwegian interest group. Its purpose is "looking after the interests of the booksellers and working to strengthen the position of literature and books in society". It awards the annual Norwegian Booksellers' Prize (Bokhandlerprisen).

It was founded on 10 January 1851. The first chairman, who served until 1870, was Jørgen Wright Cappelen. Peter Tidemand Malling succeeded him and served as chair from 1870 to 1878. Later Torger Baardseth was chairman of the Norwegian Booksellers Association from 1902 to 1916. The current board chairman is Siri Strömmevold.