hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convex cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone to distinguish it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a real vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is,  is a cone if  implies  for every positive scalar . This is a broad generalization of the standard cone in Euclidean space.

A convex cone is a cone that is also closed under addition, or, equivalently, a subset of a vector space that is closed under linear combinations with positive coefficients. It follows that convex cones are convex sets.

The definition of a convex cone makes sense in a vector space over any ordered field, although the field of real numbers is used most often.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
East Hama offensive (2017)
The Eastern Hama offensive (2017) was a military operation conducted by the Syrian Army against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) with the goal to secure the Ithriyah-Sheikh Hilal road, the government supply line towards Aleppo, and advance towards Wadi Auzain.

Ithriya
Ithriya (Arabic: أثريا), Roman "Seriana".  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Nahiyah in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ithriya had a population of 2118 in the 2004 census.
Marie Thérèse of France
Marie-Thérèse (Marie-Thérèse Charlotte; 19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and their only child to reach adulthood. In 1799, she married her cousin Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Charles X of France, henceforth becoming the Duchess of Angoulême. She was the only member of her immediate family to survive the French Revolution.

She became Dauphine of France upon the accession of her uncle and father-in-law, Charles X, to the French throne in 1824. On 2 August 1830, after the July Revolution, both Charles X and her husband signed an instrument of abdication 20 minutes apart. Some popular sources identify her to be a short-reigning Queen of France in the 20-minute interval between the signatures, but scholarly sources generally consider this to be a myth. She is, however, the undisputed legitimate Queen of France from 1836 to 1844 according to the Legitimists.

Ultra-royalist
The Ultra-royalists (French: ultraroyalistes, collectively Ultras) were a French political faction from 1815 to 1830 under the Bourbon Restoration. An Ultra was usually a member of the nobility of high society who strongly supported Catholicism as the state and only legal religion of France, the Bourbon monarchy, traditional hierarchy between classes and census suffrage (privileged voting rights), while rejecting the political philosophy of popular will and the interests of the bourgeoisie along with their liberal and democratic tendencies.

The Legitimists, another of the main right-wing factions identified in René Rémond's Les Droites en France, were disparagingly classified with the Ultras after the 1830 July Revolution by the victors, the Orléanists, who deposed the Bourbon dynasty for the more liberal king Louis Philippe.
1982 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 1982 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 24 July 1982. It was the 32nd running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Tony Ward's Kalaglow, a four-year-old grey colt trained at Pulborough in West Sussex by Guy Harwood and ridden by the British jockey Greville Starkey. Kalaglow's victory was the first in the race for his owner, trainer and jockey. Kalaglow was the first of only two greys to win the race, the other being Daylami in 1999.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
La mia città
"La mia città" (English: My city) is a song written and recorded by Italian singer Emma. It was released on 9 May 2014 through Universal Music Group and added in the deluxe edition of the singer's third studio album Schiena, subtitled Schiena vs. Schiena. It was chosen by Italy's public broadcaster RAI to represent the country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014.

The song received only 33 points in the final vote, ranking at 21st place out of 26 in the final ranking of the competition. This represents one of the worst placements in Italy's Eurovision Song Contest history – its lowest ever finish by absolute finishing position, although not its worst relative finish or score (having previously finished 17th and joint-last with nul points in the 1966 contest with Domenico Modugno's "Dio, come ti amo").

Dio, come ti amo
"Dio, come ti amo" (Italian for 'God, How I Love You') is a song recorded by both Italian singers Domenico Modugno and Gigliola Cinquetti, composed and written by Modugno himself. The song won the Sanremo Music Festival 1966 and represented Italy – performed by Modugno – in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, held in Luxembourg.
Sunspel
Sunspel is an English luxury clothing brand, founded in England in 1860. The brand is best known for boxer shorts, T-shirts and polo shirts. It is based in Long Eaton, near Nottingham, where it has its own factory.

Nick Kamen
Ivor Neville "Nick" Kamen (15 April 1962 – 4 May 2021) was a British singer, songwriter and model. He was best known for the singles "Each Time You Break My Heart" from 1986 and "I Promised Myself" from 1990, as well as for appearing in a 1985 Levi's advert.
Mecomischus
Mecomischus is a genus of North African flowering plants in the  chamomile tribe within the daisy family.

Species

Mecomischus halimifolius (Munby) Hochr. - Morocco, Algeria

Mecomischus pedunculatus (Coss. & Durieu) Oberpr. & Greuter - Algeria

Anthemideae
Anthemideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae, which is part of the family Asteraceae. They are distributed worldwide, with concentrations in central Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and southern Africa. Most species of plant known as chamomile belong to genera of this tribe.

As of 2006 there were about 1800 species classified in 111 genera. In 2007 the tribe was divided into 14 subtribes, including Glebionidinae, the source of hybrid garden marguerites.
Drumthwacket
Drumthwacket (/ˈdrʌmˌθwækɪt/ DRUM-thwak-it) is the official residence of the governor of the U.S. state of New Jersey at 354 Stockton Street in Princeton, New Jersey, near the state capital of Trenton.

The mansion was built in 1835 and expanded in 1893 and 1900. It was sold with its surrounding land to the state in 1966. Drumthwacket was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 10, 1975 for its significance in agriculture, architecture, commerce, landscape architecture, and politics. It was designated the governor's mansion in 1982.

The estate is administered by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It serves as the executive residence and is also a historic house museum.

James Florio
James Joseph Florio (August 29, 1937 – September 25, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 49th governor of New Jersey from 1990 to 1994. He was previously the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 1st congressional district from 1975 to 1990 and served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1970 to 1975. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Adam Windsor
Adam Bryniarski  (January 17, 1981 – April 21, 2022) was an English professional wrestler, known by his ring name Adam Windsor, who worked in Dory Funk Jr's Funking Conservatory in Florida, World Xtreme Wrestling, and American independent promotions.

NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship
The NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship was a major title in Championship Wrestling from Florida and is now the major title in NWA Florida Wrestling Alliance. It started in 1937 and was abandoned in 1949. It was picked back up in 1966 by CWF and lasted until 1987 when the company was purchased by Jim Crockett Promotions. In 1988, the newly created Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), soon renamed Pro Wrestling Federation (PWF), picked it back up in 1988 and it continued its lineage through NWA Florida, until they ceased operations in 2006. In 2009, Pro Wrestling Fusion revived the title until they left the NWA in 2011.  For several months in 2012, a new Championship Wrestling from Florida affiliated with the NWA, briefly reviving the title until NWA Florida Underground Wrestling took over the championship.
Apple Interactive Television Box
The Apple Interactive Television Box (AITB) is a discontinued prototype of a television set-top box developed by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) in partnership with several global telecommunications firms, including British Telecom and Belgacom. Prototypes were deployed at large test markets in parts of the United States and Europe in 1994 and 1995, but the product was canceled shortly thereafter, and was never mass-produced or marketed.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Calamita
Calamita (English: Magnet) is a large hill lying on the south-east side of the island of Elba, known for a remarkable landscape and views of Portoferraio and Monte Capanne. The hill's development dates from Elba's ancient periods, when Calamita was a major iron mining center.

The Calamita's coast has been nicknamed "Costa dei Gabbiani" ("Skua Coast"), after the numerous skuas which nest in the cliffs.

The town of Capoliveri sits on the north side of Calamita, overlooking the Mola flats.

The southeast area of the hill is dotted with farmland, though much of it has been converted into tourist resorts and villas.

On the south side is the Calamita iron mine, abandoned since 1981, where pyrite nuggets can still be found.

Elba
Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba, pronounced [ˈiːzola ˈdelba]; Latin: Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 10 km (6.2 mi) from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about 50 km (30 mi) east of the French island of Corsica.

The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio.

It is famous for being the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815.
Jordan Morris
Jordan Perry Morris (born October 26, 1994) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a winger or forward for Major League Soccer club Seattle Sounders FC. He grew up on Mercer Island, Washington, and joined the Sounders youth academy before playing college soccer at Stanford University.

Morris won the Hermann Trophy in his senior season at Stanford and was called up to the United States national team, scoring in a friendly against Mexico. He signed for Seattle's senior team in 2016 as a Homegrown Player, winning an MLS Cup in his rookie season and a second title in 2019. Morris was loaned to EFL Championship side Swansea City in early 2021, but returned after four matches due to an ACL tear.

In 2025, Morris passed up former teammate Raúl Ruidíaz for the most goals in Seattle Sounders FC history with a total of 87 goals.

2022 MLS All-Star Game
The 2022 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 26th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, an exhibition soccer match in the United States. The game, featuring all-star teams from Major League Soccer (MLS) and Liga MX, took place on August 10, 2022, at Allianz Field in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was the second MLS All-Star Game to be played under the inter-league format. The all-star game also included a skills challenge, concerts, and other events in the days before the match.

The MLS All-Stars won 2–1 with goals from Carlos Vela in the third minute and Raúl Ruidíaz in the 73rd minute; Liga MX earned a consolation goal in the 84th minute through a strike from Kevin Álvarez. Goalkeeper Dayne St. Clair, who made four saves, was named the match's most valuable player.
Fallagloon
Fallagloon is a townland lying within the civil parish of Maghera, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies in the north-west boundary of the parish, and is bounded by the townlands of; Ballyknock, Ballynahone Beg, Bracaghreilly, Currudda, Drumballyhagan, Falgortrevy, Fallylea, Glenshane, and Tullyheran. It was apportioned to the Vintners company. It is known for being the longest townland in Ireland

The townland in 1926 was part of Tullykeran district electoral division as part of the Maghera dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. Fallagloon as part of Maghera civil parish also lies in the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

Maghera
Maghera (/ˌmæhəˈrɑː, ˌmækəˈrɑː/ MA-hə-RAH, MAK-ə-RAH; from Irish Machaire Rátha, meaning 'plain of
the ringfort') is a small town at the foot of the Glenshane Pass in Northern Ireland. Its population was 4,235 in the 2021 census. Formerly in the barony of Loughinsholin within the historic County Londonderry, it is today in the local-government district of Mid-Ulster.
Tacos El Cuñado
Tacos El Cuñado is a restaurant chain serving Mexican cuisine across West Michigan and is based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Each franchise operates independently with its own menu and items specialized for its customers.

West Michigan
West Michigan and Western Michigan are terms for a region in the U.S. state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Generally, it refers to the Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland area, and more broadly to most of the region along the Lower Peninsula's Lake Michigan shoreline, but there is no official definition.
Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (1582–1620)
Eleanor of Austria (25 September 1582 – 28 January 1620), was an Austrian archduchess and a member of the House of Habsburg.

She was the daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, the son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor; and of Maria Anna of Bavaria. Her elder brother Archduke Ferdinand succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619.

Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1551)
Maria Anna of Bavaria (German: Maria Anna von Bayern) (21 March 1551, Munich – 29 April 1608, Graz) was a politically active Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to her uncle Archduke Charles II of Austria. She played an important role in the Counter-Reformation in Austria.
Tungipara Upazila
Tungipara (Bengali: টুঙ্গিপাড়া) is an upazila of Gopalganj District in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. It is the birthplace of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first President of Bangladesh. In 1995, it was carved out of Gopalganj Sadar Upazila to become an upazila.

Gorai-Madhumati River
The Gorai-Madhumati (Bengali: গড়াই-মধুমতি, romanized: gaṛāi-madhumati , Gôŗai-Modhumoti) is one of the longest rivers in Bangladesh and a distributary of the Ganges. In its upper reaches, it is called the Gorai, and the name changes to Madhumati further downstream. The Madhumati flows through Kushtia, Jessore, Rajbari, Faridpur, Khulna, Gopalganj, Narail, Magura, Pirojpur and Barguna districts in Bangladesh.
Plum curculio
The plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) is a true weevil native to the regions east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. It is notorious for destroying fruits if left uncontrolled.

Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus. Dried plums are usually called prunes.

Plums are likely to have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans, with origins in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus Mountains and China. They were brought to Britain from Asia, and their cultivation has been documented in Andalusia, southern Spain. Plums are a diverse group of species, with trees reaching a height of 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) when pruned. The fruit is a drupe, with a firm and juicy flesh.  Plums can be eaten fresh, dried to make prunes, used in jams, or fermented into wine and distilled into brandy. Plum seeds (also called kernels) contain the cyanide-like poison, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside.

In 2023, China produced 55% of the world total of plums. Japanese or Chinese plums dominate the fresh fruit market, while European plums are also common in some regions.
Multiplication (music)
Multiplication is a mathematical practice that can be applied to music. The operation multiplies the numeric value of musical parameters like notes or rhythms to create new ones. Like transposition, inversion, and retrogression, multiplication generates new material from melodic sources. The practice is particularly important in the field of twelve-tone technique and set theory.

Nicolas Slonimsky
Nicolas Slonimsky (April 27 [O.S. April 15] 1894 – December 25, 1995), born Nikolai Leonidovich Slonimskiy (Russian: Никола́й Леони́дович Слoнимский), was a Russian-American musicologist, conductor, pianist, lexicographer, and composer. Best known for his writing and musical reference work, he wrote the Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns and the Lexicon of Musical Invective, and edited Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians.
West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania
West Cameron Township is a township that is located in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States.

The population at the time of the 2010 Census was 541, an increase over the figure of 517 that was tabulated in 2000.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Caracortado
Caracortado (foaled May 7, 2007, in California) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. His sire, Cat Dreams, is a son of the influential stallion Storm Cat. His dam, Mons Venus, is by Maria's Mon, the American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse of 1995 who won the Sanford Stakes, the Champagne Stakes, and the Belmont Futurity Stakes. Maria's Mon also sired Kentucky Derby winners Monarchos and Super Saver.

Caracortado is owned by 
Blahut Racing, LLC  & Lo Hi Racing, and is bred and trained by Mike Machowsky.

Monarchos
Monarchos (February 9, 1998 – October 22, 2016) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2001 Kentucky Derby in the second fastest winning time and overall third fastest time in the race's history.
Kristina Curry Rogers
Kristina "Kristi" Curry Rogers (born June 20, 1974) is an American vertebrate paleontologist and a professor in Biology and Geology at Macalester College. Her research focuses on questions of dinosaur paleobiology, bone histology, growth, and evolution, especially in a subgroup of sauropods called Titanosauria. She has named two dinosaur species from Madagascar, Rapetosaurus, the most complete Cretaceous sauropod and titanosaur found to date, and Vahiny, so far known only from a partial skull. She and Jeffrey A. Wilson co-authored The Sauropods, Evolution and Paleobiology, published in December 2005. Her research includes field work in Argentina, Madagascar, Montana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

David W. Krause
David W. Krause is a Canadian-born vertebrate paleontologist currently working as Senior Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, which he joined in 2016. Prior to that he was a Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Anatomical Sciences at Stony Brook University, where he was employed for 34 years. His work primarily focuses on fossils from the Cretaceous period of Madagascar, and he often travels to the island to uncover new fossils. He is most famous for his discoveries of Majungasaurus crenatissimus and Beezlebufo ampinga. Rapetosaurus krausei, another dinosaur from Madagascar, is named in his honor. Krause is also the founder of the Madagascar Ankizy Fund, which is dedicated to educating and providing healthcare for poor children in Madagascar.
2020 AFF Championship Group B
Group B was one of the two groups of competing nations at the 2020 AFF Championship. It consisted of title holders Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia and Laos. The matches took place from 6 to 19 December 2021.

Indonesia and Vietnam as the top two teams advanced to the semi-finals.

2020 AFF Championship
The 2020 AFF Championship (officially AFF Suzuki Cup 2020 for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the AFF Championship, the football championship of nations affiliated to the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), the 7th and the last edition under the name AFF Suzuki Cup.

The final tournament was originally scheduled to run from 23 November to 31 December 2020. However, the tournament was postponed and rescheduled at least twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the tournament was first rescheduled to run from 11 April to 8 May 2021 and the schedule later pushed backed further to 5 December 2021 to 1 January 2022. Singapore was chosen as host of the tournament in a centralised location.

Vietnam were the defending champions, but were eliminated by their rivals, Thailand in the semi-finals. Thailand won the tournament by a 6–2 victory in the two-legged final against Indonesia to secure their sixth title.