hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volker Graul
Volker Graul (18 June 1952 – 22 May 2022) was a German footballer who played as a forward. He began his career as a professional footballer in 1970 with VfL Osnabrück, with whom he became champion and runner-up in the Regionalliga Nord. In 1973, he played two half-seasons with Den Bosch in the first two Dutch leagues. As a player for Arminia Bielefeld, he was the top scorer in the 2. Bundesliga Nord in 1974–75 with 30 goals. He also made 45 Bundesliga appearances for Arminia Bielefeld between 1978 and 1981, scoring six goals. Towards the end of the 1970s, he also played for Preußen Münster and Fortuna Köln in the 2. Bundesliga. Throughout the mid-1990s, he had success as manager and coach of FC Gütersloh. He would also briefly represent his home country of West Germany in 1969, 1970 and 1975.

German Football Association
The German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fußball-Bund [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈfuːsbalˌbʊnt]; DFB [ˌdeːʔɛfˈbeː] ⓘ) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The DFB headquarters are in Frankfurt am Main. Sole members of the DFB are the German Football League (German: Deutsche Fußball Liga; DFL), organising the professional Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga, along with five regional and 21 state associations, organising the semi-professional and amateur levels. The 21 state associations of the DFB have a combined number of 23,868 clubs with little more than 8 million members, making the DFB the single largest sports federation in the world.
Battle of Brescia (312)
The Battle of Brescia (Latin: Brixia) was a confrontation that took place during the summer of 312, between the Roman emperors Constantine the Great and Maxentius in the town of Brescia, in northern Italy. Maxentius declared war on Constantine on the grounds that he wanted to avenge the death of his father Maximian (r. 285–308, 310), who had committed suicide after being defeated by him. Constantine would respond with a massive invasion of Italy.

The Battle of Brescia took place after the Battle of Augusta Taurinorum (modern Turin), and preceded the penultimate battle between the two emperors, which was fought near Verona.

Ruricius Pompeianus
Ruricius Pompeianus (died 312 in Verona) was Praetorian prefect and Commander of cavalry and infantry under Maxentius, Western Roman Emperor. While guarding the Adige and Po Rivers with the ample and well-directed forces of the province of Venetia, Pompeianus was killed by Constantine I's troops during the desperately fought Battle of Verona (312).

Pompeianus is mentioned only briefly in two accounts of Constantine's campaign against Maxentius. In a panegyric from the year 313, he is called "Pompeianus". In the second source, also one of the Panegyrici Latini, by Nazarius, his name is given as "Ruricius". As it is clearly the same person, the conflict is usually resolved by combining the names into "Ruricius Pompeianus".
1902 English cricket season
1902 was the 13th season of County Championship cricket in England. Australia had won a classic Test series against England 2–1. The first two Tests were rained off but the final three were full of drama. Victor Trumper scored a century before lunch in the third Test, Australia won the fourth by just 3 runs and England won the fifth by one wicket following a century in 75 minutes by Gilbert Jessop. It was the 21st series between the two teams. Yorkshire won their third consecutive County Championship title and, as in 1901, went through the season with only one defeat.

Gilbert Jessop
Gilbert Laird Jessop (19 May 1874 – 11 May 1955) was an English cricket player, often reckoned to have been one of the fastest run-scorers cricket has ever known. He was Wisden Cricketer of the Year for 1898 and compiled the fastest century ever for England.
Must weight
Must weight is a measure of the amount of sugar in grape juice (must) and, hence, indicates the amount of alcohol that could be produced if it is all fermented to alcohol, rather than left as residual sugar.

Fermentation in winemaking
The process of  fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at the start of the fermentation. The risk of stuck fermentation and the development of several wine faults can also occur during this stage, which can last anywhere from 5 to 14 days for primary fermentation and potentially another 5 to 10 days for a secondary fermentation. Fermentation may be done in stainless steel tanks, which is common with many white wines like Riesling, in an open wooden vat, inside a wine barrel and inside the wine bottle itself as in the production of many sparkling wines.
Lavangi (scale)
Lavangi is a rāgam (musical scale) of Carnatic music (South Indian classical music).

It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) of the 8th Melakarta rāgam Hanumatodi. M. Balamuralikrishna is credited with introducing it into Carnatic music and using this scale first for compositions.
His most popular kriti in this ragam is 'Omkaaraakarini'.

Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
ATC code D05
ATC code D05 Antipsoriatics is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup D05 is part of the anatomical group D Dermatologicals.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QD05. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.
In ATCvet, this subgroup is named "QD05 Drugs for keratoseborrheic disorders".

ATC code D
ATC code D Dermatologicals is a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QD. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.
Conservation and restoration of photographic plates
The conservation and restoration of photographic plates is the practice of caring for and maintaining photographic plates to preserve their materials and content. The practice includes the measures that can be taken by conservators, curators, collection managers, and other professionals to conserve the material unique to photographic plate processes. This practice includes understanding the composition and agents of deterioration of photographic plates, as well as the preventive, and interventive conservational measures that can be taken to increase a photographic image's longevity.

Photographic fixer
Photographic fixer is a chemical, or mixture of chemicals, used as the final step in the photographic processing of film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed light-sensitive material from the media, and making it insensitive to further action by light.

In the gelatin silver process, the basis for all film photography, exposed silver halides are reduced to metallic silver by the developer, forming the image. Once development is complete, remaining silver halides are removed from the film or photographic paper by the fixer, typically sodium or ammonium thiosulfate. Without fixing, the remaining silver halide would darken and cause fogging of the image.
SSU rRNA
Small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) is the smaller of the two major RNA components of the ribosome.
Associated with a number of ribosomal proteins, the SSU rRNA forms the small subunit of the ribosome. It is encoded by SSU-rDNA.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Black Ink Crew season 1
The first season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew aired on VH1 from January 7, 2013 until March 13, 2013. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at Ceasars  tattoo shop in Harlem, New York.

Black Ink Crew
Black Ink Crew is an American reality television series that premiered on January 7, 2013, on VH1.  It has aired ten seasons and chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American–owned and operated tattoo shop in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City.

The show's success has resulted in similar spin-off series based in Chicago and Los Angeles.
Bite registration
Bite registration is a technique carried out in dental procedures, where an impression is taken of the teeth while biting together, to capture the way they meet together in a bite. This process is crucial for creating dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, as well as for diagnosing and treating bite-related issues like temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Bite registration helps dentists to ensure proper alignment of the teeth in the upper and lower jaw, leading to optimal function, comfort, and aesthetics. Various methods and materials are used to record bite registrations, depending on the specific needs of the patient and the type of treatment.

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
Slovenian Naval Barracks
The Slovenian Naval Barracks (Slovene: Vojašnica Slovenski pomorščaki) is the sole barracks of the Slovenian Navy. It is situated in Ankaran, a settlement on the coast of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Slovenia. The barracks were first used by the Slovenian Navy detachment in 1999. It is one of the smallest and newest barracks in Slovenia.

Slovenian Navy
The Slovenian Navy, officially the 430th Naval Division (also 430th Naval Section) is not a separate service, but an integral part of the Slovenian Armed Forces. It is one of the smallest navies in Europe. As of 2024, the Slovenian Navy has 130 servicemen and two sizeable surface vessels, Ankaran and Triglav.
What About?
What About? is a solo percussion album by drummer Andrew Cyrille, his first recording under his own name. It was recorded in Paris in August 1969, and released on the BYG Actuel label later that year.

The album was recorded as part of a marathon week-long BYG session which also produced albums by artists such as Archie Shepp (Yasmina, a Black Woman, Poem for Malcolm, and Blasé), the Art Ensemble Of Chicago (Message to Our Folks and Reese and the Smooth Ones), Grachan Moncur III (New Africa), Jimmy Lyons (Other Afternoons), Dave Burrell (Echo), Alan Silva (Luna Surface), and Sunny Murray (Homage to Africa and Sunshine).

Echo (Dave Burrell album)
Echo is a studio album released by jazz pianist Dave Burrell. It was recorded on August 13, 1969, and first released as an LP album by BYG Actuel. It was re-released twice, first again on LP by Get Back Records in 2001 before finding its way to compact disc in 2004 via Sunspots Records.

Burrell had been part of an all-star group led by Archie Shepp that played during the 1969 Pan-African Festival in Algiers. While there, French journalists from Paris were on hand and mentioned to Burrell the possibility recording in the city. Deciding on such a venture, Burrell remarked that he "remembered the sound of the ambulances and the police cars in Algiers and that unstable interval of an augmented fourth and thought that was the interval that I wanted to put into 'Echo'." The recording was Burrell's way of honouring the group, since all were involved in the album.

It has been said that the album as a whole "is [a] monster of an LP" and "a curiously schizophrenic set."
André Hennebicq
André Hennebicq (16 February 1836–31 March 1904) was a Belgian painter, specialising in historical pictures and murals. He trained under Joseph Stallaert in Tournai, his native town, and Jan Frans Portaels in the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. He won the Prix de Rome (Belgium) in 1865; the gold medal at Brussels in 1872 (for Travailleurs dans la campagne romaine) and at Paris in 1874 (for Messaline, insultée par le peuple).

Joseph Stallaert
Joseph Stallaert (19 March 1825 – 24 November 1903) was a Belgian painter and art educator. He is known for his scenes from antiquity executed in a Classicistic and Academic style going back on the French models of Louis David.
Videodisc
Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-access disc that contains both audio and analog video signals recorded in an analog form. Typically, it is a reference to any such media that predates the mainstream popularity of the DVD format. The first mainstream official Videodisc was the Television Electronic Disc (TED) Videodisc, and the newest is the 4K Ultra HD Blu-Ray Disc. As of September 2023, the active video disc formats are Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and in other regions because of the price difference from DVD, Video CD (VCD) and SVCD.

Super Video CD
Super Video CD (Super Video Compact Disc, abbreviated as SVCD) is a digital format for storing video on standard compact discs. SVCD was intended as a successor to Video CD and an alternative to DVD-Video, and falls somewhere between both in terms of technical capability and picture quality.
2009 1000 km of Catalunya
The 2009 1000 km of Catalunya was the opening round of the 2009 Le Mans Series season. It took place at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain on 5 April 2009. Aston Martin Racing won overall on their debut of the Lola-Aston Martin B09/60, while Lola also secured the LMP2 win with Racing Box. The GT1 category was won by the IPB Spartak Racing Lamborghini, while Team Felbermayr-Proton's Porsche led GT2.

4 Hours of Barcelona
The 4 Hours of Barcelona (formerly the 1000 Kilometres of Catalunya and the Coppa Montjuich) was a sports car race held at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Catalunya, Spain. The race began as a non-championship event at the Montjuïc circuit in 1954.
Kotana railway station
Kotana railway station is a railway station on Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line under the Ajmer railway division of North Western Railway zone. This is situated at Kotana, Pipalada, Dungarpur in Dungarpur district of the Indian state of Rajasthan.

Ajmer railway division
Ajmer railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of North Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarter is located at Ajmer in the state of Rajasthan of India.

Jaipur railway division, Bikaner railway division and Jodhpur railway division are the other three railway divisions under NWR Zone headquartered at Jaipur. This division is one of the key enabler of the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project by virtue of running parts of the railways 1,500 km long network of Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Demon's Tilt
Demon's Tilt is a pinball video game by American developer Adam Ferrando under his handle WIZNWAR, released on Steam Early Access in January 2019, with eventual publication on Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch in December 2019. The game features occult inspiration pulled from H.P. Lovecraft, tarot and other horror themes. The game has been called a spiritual successor to the Crush Pinball series of pinball video games, namely Devil's Crush. A sequel, Xenotilt, was released on Steam Early Access on August 18th, 2023, with a full release on November 12th, 2024.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Shannon capacity of a graph
In graph theory, the Shannon capacity of a graph is a graph invariant defined from the number of independent sets of strong graph products. It is named after American mathematician Claude Shannon. It measures the Shannon capacity of a communications channel defined from the graph, and is upper bounded by the Lovász number, which can be computed in polynomial time. However, the computational complexity of the Shannon capacity itself remains unknown.

Graph property
In graph theory, a graph property or graph invariant is a property of graphs that depends only on the abstract structure, not on graph representations such as particular labellings or drawings of the graph.
Newquay Cricket Club
Newquay Cricket Club is an English cricket club based in Newquay, Cornwall, who play their home matches at Newquay Sports Centre. The club's first, second, third and fourth teams compete in the ECB Cornwall Cricket League.

Significant players with first-class experience who have played at Newquay include; Trevor Garwe (Mashonaland & Zimbabwe), Omesh Wijesiriwardana (Sri Lanka A), Dylan De Beer (Manicaland), Rory Coutts (Gauteng & Guernsey), Ryan Driver (Worcs and Lancs) & Timothy Walton (Essex & Northamptonshire).

As of 2021, Newquay CC 1st XI compete in the Cornwall Cricket League's County 1 Division.

Newquay
Newquay (/ˈnjuːki/ NEW-kee; Standard Written Form: Tewynblustri) is a town on the north coast in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is a civil parish, seaside resort, regional centre for aerospace industries with an airport and a spaceport, and a fishing port on the North Atlantic coast, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Truro and 20 miles (32 km) west of Bodmin.

The town is bounded to the south by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and to the north-east by the Porth Valley. The western edge of the town meets the Atlantic at Fistral Bay. The town has been expanding inland (south) since the former fishing village of New Quay began to grow in the second half of the nineteenth century.

At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 23,626 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics was 24,545.
Aydan Siyavuş
Aydan Siyavuş (15 May 1947 - 11 January 1998) was a Turkish basketball coach and former basketball player. He coached a number of teams like Kadıköyspor, Eczacıbaşı, Efes Pilsen, Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Çukurova, Darüşşafaka, Karşıyaka and Galatasaray as well as the youth, junior's university and  senior national teams. He was the most successful head coach of the Turkish Super Basketball League.

Balkan Basketball Championship
The Balkan Basketball Championship, sometimes referred to as the Balkan Basketball Cup or the Balkan Basketball Games, is the defunct competition that was the men's basketball competition added in 1959 to the Balkan Games that started in 1929. The purpose of the "Balkan Games" was to strengthen the relations between the nations of the Balkans region. The Balkan Games were a collection of  athletics competitions added to the event over the years.
48th New York State Legislature
The 48th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to April 21, 1825, during the first year of DeWitt Clinton's second tenure as Governor of New York, in Albany.

Seneca County, New York
Seneca County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,814. The primary county seat is Waterloo, moved there from the original county seat of Ovid in 1819. It became a two-shire county in 1822, which currently remains in effect and uses both locations as county seats although the majority of Seneca County administrative offices are located in Waterloo. Therefore, most political sources list only Waterloo as the county seat. The county's name comes from the Seneca Nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), who occupied part of the region. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Seneca County comprises the Seneca Falls, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY Combined Statistical Area.