hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stall strips
A stall strip is a small component fixed to the leading edge of the wing of an airplane to modify its aerodynamic characteristics. These stall strips may be necessary for the airplane to comply with type certification requirements.

A stall strip typically consists of a small piece of material, usually aluminium, triangular in cross section and often 6-12 inches (15–30 cm) in length. It is riveted or bonded to the wing’s leading edge. Some airplanes have one stall strip on each wing. Some airplanes have only one stall strip on one wing.

Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.
2019 Spanish Grand Prix
The 2019 Spanish Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Emirates Gran Premio de España 2019) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 12 May 2019 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. The race was the 5th round of the 2019 Formula One World Championship and marked the 49th running of the Spanish Grand Prix as a World Championship event since the inaugural season in 1950, and the 29th time that a World Championship round had been held at the Barcelona-Catalunya circuit.

Valtteri Bottas took pole position for the race, ahead of Mercedes teammate Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel. Hamilton would take the lead on lap one, and would remain there to win the Grand Prix ahead of Bottas, and Max Verstappen. It was Hamilton's third Spanish Grand Prix victory, and the fifth consecutive Mercedes 1-2 finish.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
Nebaliidae
Nebaliidae is the largest of the three families of leptostracan crustaceans, containing 33 of the 40 described species. Its members may be distinguished from members of the other two families by the tapering form of the caudal furcae (which is broader in Nebaliopsididae), and by the callynophores of the antennae in mature males, which are swollen in Paranebaliidae but not in Nebaliidae.

Leptostraca
Leptostraca (from the Greek words for thin and shell) is an order of small, marine crustaceans. Its members, including the well-studied Nebalia, occur throughout the world's oceans and are usually considered to be filter-feeders. It is the only extant order in the subclass Phyllocarida. They are believed to represent the most primitive members of their class, the Malacostraca, and first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian period.
Cottonera Lines
The Cottonera Lines (Maltese: Is-Swar tal-Kottonera), also known as the Valperga Lines (Maltese: Is-Swar ta' Valperga), are a line of fortifications in Bormla and Birgu, Malta. They were built in the 17th and 18th centuries on higher ground and further outwards than the earlier line of fortifications, known as the Santa Margherita or Firenzuola lines, which also surround Bormla.

Retrenchment (military)
Retrenchment is a technical term in fortification, where it is applied to a secondary work or series of works constructed in rear of existing defences to bar the further progress of the enemy who succeeds in breaching or storming these. An example was in the siege of Port Arthur in 1904.

A retrenchment can also be referred to as an entrenchment.
John Trevor (died 1357)
John Trevor (Welsh: Ieuan Trefor) (died 1357) was the first man of that name to hold the position of Bishop of St Asaph in north Wales, from 1346 to 1357.

The famous bridge across the River Dee at Llangollen, Denbighshire is reputed to have been built in about 1345 by John Trevor, who was then living at nearby Trefor Hall. His father, Iorwerth ab Adda, is buried at nearby Valle Crucis Abbey.

Bishop of St Asaph
The Bishop of St Asaph heads the Church in Wales diocese of St Asaph.

The diocese covers the counties of Conwy and Flintshire, Wrexham county borough, the eastern part of Merioneth in Gwynedd and part of northern Powys. The Episcopal seat is located in the Cathedral Church of St Asaph in the city of St Asaph in Denbighshire, north Wales.

The Bishop's residence is Esgobty, St Asaph. The current bishop is Gregory Cameron, who was elected on 5 January and consecrated on 4 April 2009. He became Bishop of St Asaph in succession to John Davies, who was consecrated in October 1999 and who retired in 2008.
Astaneh, Ardestan
Astaneh (Persian: استانه, also Romanized as Āstāneh) is a village in Hombarat Rural District, in the Central District of Ardestan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 21 families.

Hombarat Rural District
Hombarat Rural District (Persian: دهستان همبرات) is in Mahabad District of Ardestan County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kesuj. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kachu Sang.
Sicharogh
Sicharogh (Russian: Синчарог; Tajik: Сичароғ/سی‌چراغ) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is part of the city of Roghun in Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 3,692 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Protestant church music during and after the Reformation
Church music during the Reformation developed during the Protestant Reformation in two schools of thought, the regulative and normative principles of worship, based on reformers John Calvin and Martin Luther. They derived their concepts in response to the Catholic church music, which they found distracting and too ornate. Both principles also pursued use of the native tongue, either alongside or in place of liturgical Latin.

A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God" (originally written in German with the title "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott") is one of the best known hymns by the Protestant Reformer Martin Luther, a prolific hymnwriter. Luther wrote the words and composed the hymn tune between 1527 and 1529. It has been translated into English at least seventy times and also into many other languages.  The words are mostly original, although the first line paraphrases that of Psalm 46.
GF(2)
GF(2) (also denoted , Z/2Z or ) is the finite field with two elements.

GF(2) is the field with the smallest possible number of elements, and is unique if the additive identity and the multiplicative identity are denoted respectively 0 and 1, as usual.

The elements of GF(2) may be identified with the two possible values of a bit and to the Boolean values true and false. It follows that GF(2) is fundamental and ubiquitous in computer science and its logical foundations.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.
2019 Nigerian general election
General elections were held in Nigeria on 23 February 2019 to elect the President, Vice President, House of Representatives and the Senate. The elections had initially been scheduled for 16 February, but the Electoral Commission postponed the vote by a week at 03:00 on the original polling day, citing logistical challenges in getting electoral materials to polling stations on time. In some places, the vote was delayed until 24 February due to electoral violence. Polling in some areas was subsequently delayed until 9 March, when voting was carried out alongside gubernatorial and state assembly elections.

The elections were the most expensive ever held in Nigeria, costing ₦69 billion (US$625 million) more than the 2015 elections.

Incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari won his re-election bid, defeating his closest rival Atiku Abubakar by over 3 million votes. He was issued a Certificate of Return, and was sworn in on 29 May 2019, the former date of Democracy Day.

States of Nigeria
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states, each of which is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares power with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In addition to the states, there is the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), in which the capital city of Abuja is located. The FCT is not a state, but a territory of the federal government, governed by an administration headed by a minister. Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs). There are 774 local governments in Nigeria. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the 36 states enjoy substantial autonomy but are not sovereign entities, as ultimate authority lies with the federal government. Amendments to the constitution can be proposed by the National Assembly, but for an amendment to be valid, it must be approved by a two-third majority of the 36 state legislatures, as required under Section 9 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria.
Waitangi dildo incident
The Waitangi dildo incident occurred on 5 February 2016 in Waitangi, New Zealand, when protester Josie Butler flung what was referred to as a  dildo (actually a rubber squeaky toy) at Minister of Economic Development Steven Joyce, striking him in the face. The incident became international news, and was quoted and parodied in art, music, and television comedy.

Waitangi, Northland
Waitangi is a locality on the north side of the Waitangi River in the Bay of Islands, 60 kilometres (37 miles) north of Whangārei, on the North Island of New Zealand. Here, two documents pivotal to New Zealand history were signed: the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand, on 28 October 1835, and the Treaty of Waitangi, on 6 February 1840.

Waitangi is close to the town of Paihia, to which it is connected by a bridge near the mouth of the Waitangi River estuary. While Statistics New Zealand and NZ Post consider the southern boundary of Waitangi to be the river and estuary, with the area further south being part of Paihia, the area by Te Tī Bay, immediately south of the river, is sometimes referred to as part of Waitangi.
Sorond, Ferdows
Sorond (Persian: سرند; also known as Sarūn) is a village in Baghestan Rural District, in the Eslamiyeh District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 506, in 174 families.

Eslamiyeh District (Ferdows County)
Eslamiyeh District (Persian: بخش اسلامیه) is in Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Eslamiyeh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 7,108 in 2,193 households.
FK Mladost Doboj Kakanj
Fudbalski klub Mladost Doboj Kakanj, commonly referred to as simply Mladost (lit. 'Youth'), is a professional association football club from the village of Doboj near the town of Kakanj that is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The club currently plays in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Group Center) and plays its home matches on the MGM Farm Arena in Doboj (Kakanj), which has a capacity of 3,000 seats.

First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Croatian: Prva liga Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine; Serbian: Прва лига Федерације Босне и Херцеговине), officially known as the WWin First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina for sponsorship purposes, is a football league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the First League of the Republika Srpska, it forms the second level of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league consists of 14 teams. Each team plays a total of 26 games during the course of a regular season, twice each team (once at home and once away). The league champion is promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relegated teams fall to the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The number of relegated clubs depends on how many teams will enter the competition the following seasons which is decided seasonally by the Football Association. Depending on the outcome, two to three teams can be relegated.
Gungahlin United FC
Gungahlin United Football Club was an Australian professional soccer club based in the Canberra district of Gungahlin, ACT. Gungahlin competes in the National Premier Leagues Capital Football with home matches played at the recently constructed Gungahlin Enclosed Oval.

Capital Football Federation Cup
The Federation Cup is a soccer competition established in 1962 that is held between clubs who are affiliated with Capital Football in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and surrounding areas of New South Wales. It is the premier cup competition in the region. Since 2014, the Federation Cup has concurrently served as the ACT competition for the preliminary rounds of the FFA Cup, now known as the Australia Cup, with the cup winner representing the ACT.

Canberra FC currently holds the record for most titles, having lifted the Cup 18 times. Canberra Croatia are the current cup holders, having lifted the Cup in 2025.
Bugg
Bugg is a common dance style in Sweden and is very popular on the dance floors when dansbands play. Bugg is a dance in 44 time and performed at different paces (120–180 beats per minute). Bugg is a partner dance and follows certain basic rules, but is essentially improvised, with one partner following the other's lead. Acrobatic moves are not allowed on national or international dance competitions. Swedish bugg belongs to the swing dance family and closely resembles modern jive.

Bugg is both a very popular social dance as well as a competitive dance in Sweden. It also has the most competitors and practitioners within the Swedish Dancesport Federation.

A variant called double bugg is performed by one leader and two followers.

Partner dance
Partner dances are dances whose basic choreography involves coordinated dancing of two partners. As such it occupies a middle ground between individuals dancing alone or individually in a non-coordinated manner, and groups of people dancing simultaneously in a coordinated manner.
Melaloncha
Melaloncha is a genus of phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) commonly referred to as "bee-killing flies". They are found almost exclusively in the Neotropical realm, although there is one record from extreme southern Texas, United States. They are small flies, usually about 2–3 millimetres (0.08–0.12 in) in length. No true fossils are known, although there are some specimens in Colombian copal, of unknown (but likely relatively recent) age.

Phoridae
The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by their escape habit of running rapidly across a surface rather than taking flight. This behaviour is a source of one of their alternate names, scuttle fly. Another vernacular name, coffin fly, refers to Conicera tibialis.  About 4,000 species are known in 230 genera. The most well-known species is cosmopolitan Megaselia scalaris. At 0.4 mm in length, the world's smallest fly is the phorid Euryplatea nanaknihali.
Gustav Indrebø
Gustav Indrebø (17 December 1889 in Samnanger, Søndre Bergenhus – 3 August 1942) was a Norwegian philologist.

His father was a teacher in Aardal in the old Jølster Municipality (now part of Sunnfjord Municipality). His brother Ragnvald Indrebø became bishop of the diocese of Bjørgvin.

He graduated in 1917, took a doctorate (dr.philol.) in 1925, and became professor in linguistics in 1930. He published over 200 scholarly papers. Linguistically he was an advocate of the Aasen line of Modern Norwegian, and he was the chairman of Noregs Mållag from 1930 to 1932.

Interested in toponymy, Indrebø established Norsk Stadnamnarkiv in 1921 together with fellow professors Magnus Olsen and Edvard Bull, Sr.

Ivar Aasen
Ivar Andreas Aasen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈîːvɑr ˈòːsn̩]; 5 August 1813 – 23 September 1896) was a Norwegian philologist, lexicographer, playwright, and poet. He is best known for having assembled one of the two official written versions of the Norwegian language, Nynorsk, from various dialects.
Bedros Bedrosian
Bedros Bedrosian (born 21 May 1955) is a retired male triple jumper from Romania. His personal best jump was 17.27 metres, achieved in June 1984 in Bucharest. This ranks him second among Romanian triple jumpers, only behind Marian Oprea.

He finished fourteenth at the 1980 European Indoor Championships and sixth at the 1982 European Championships in Athletics. He became national champion five consecutive seasons: 1980 - 1984.

Upon retirement he transitioned to coaching. He was hired as jumping coach for the Saudi Arabi national team, notably training Hussein Taher Al-Sabee and Mohamed Salman Al-Khuwalidi.

Marian Oprea
Marian Oprea (born 6 June 1982) is a Romanian athlete, competing in triple jump, who won the silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games. His personal best is 17.81 meters.

Oprea was born in Piteşti. He took his first major medal at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics, winning the gold with a jump of 16.41 m. Oprea won the bronze medal in the triple jump at the 2005 World Athletics Championships in Helsinki and also at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg.

He suffered a serious knee injury (tendonitis) and missed the 2009 World Championships in Athletics as a result. He opted to undergo major surgery and brought an end to a two-year-long injury hiatus with a jump of 16.88 m in May 2010. He proved himself to return to peak fitness with a silver medal performance at the 2010 European Athletics Championships (jumping 17.51 m) and then taking the gold medal at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup later that season.
2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
The 2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes is the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France take part in the main competition from the seventh round.

A total of twenty teams will qualify from the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes section of the 2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds.

In 2022–23, three teams from the regional qualifying rounds reached the round of 32. Chambéry SF and FC Chamalières lost heavily, to Lyon and Paris FC respectively. Le Puy Foot 43 Auvergne went out on penalties to Vierzon FC.

2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds
The 2023–24 Coupe de France preliminary rounds make up the qualifying competition to decide which teams take part in the main competition from the seventh round. This is the 107th season of the main football cup competition of France. The competition is organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Réunion, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon). Due to Ligue 1 was reduced to 18 teams, meaning that 46 winners will advance to the round of 64 from round 8, a total of 164 teams qualified for round 7 from this process this season, rather than the usual 156.

The six (or more, if required) preliminary rounds are organised by the 13 Regional leagues from the mainland, and the 6 Regional leagues of the overseas departments and territories. They take place between May and November 2023.
Whatcheeriidae
Whatcheeriidae is an extinct family of stem-tetrapods which lived in the Mississippian sub-period, a subdivision of the Carboniferous period.  It contains the genera Pederpes, Whatcheeria, and possibly Ossinodus. Fossils of a possible whatcheeriid have been found from the Red Hill locality of Pennsylvania. If these remains are from a whatcheeriid, they extend the range of the family into the Late Devonian and suggest that advanced tetrapods may have lived alongside primitive tetrapod ancestors like Hynerpeton and Densignathus. They also imply that a very long ghost lineage of whatcheeriids lived through Romer's gap, a period during the Early Carboniferous conspicuously lacking in tetrapod remains.

Densignathus
Densignathus is an extinct genus of early stem-tetrapod from the Late Devonian-aged Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania in the United States. A lower jaw has been found from the Red Hill fossil site, which is known for a diversity of lobe-finned fishes and other early tetrapods like Hynerpeton. The type species, Densignathus rowei, was named in honor of paleontologist Norman Douglas Rowe in 2000.
Maddoke
The village of Maddoke is between the cities of Moga and Jagraon, India, 7 km. from Ajitwal. The sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind, visited it. A five story building built in his memory.

The population in the 1991 census was 2380, and the area is 570 hectares.

Moga, Punjab
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district (the 17th District in the state) on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot district as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.