hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanese passport
Japanese passports (日本国旅券, Nihonkoku ryoken) are issued to Japanese nationals to facilitate international travel. From 2018 to 2022, it was ranked first on the Henley Passport Index for visa-free travel, and second as of April 2025, with holders able to travel visa-free to 190 countries and territories.

Japan Re-entry Permit
The Japan Re-entry Permit (再入国許可書; or "Re-entry Permit to Japan") is a travel document similar to a certificate of identity, issued by Japan's Ministry of Justice. It is a passport-like booklet with a light brown cover with the words "再入国許可書 RE-ENTRY PERMIT TO JAPAN" on the front.
William Creech
William Creech FRSE (12 May 1745 – 14 January 1815) was a Scottish publisher, printer, bookseller and politician. For 40 years Creech was the chief publisher in Edinburgh. He published the first Edinburgh edition of Robert Burns' poems, and Sir John Sinclair's influential "Statistical Accounts of Scotland". In publishing Creech often went under the pseudonym of Theophrastus.

Newbattle
Newbattle (from Old Scots Neubothle, "new building") is a village and civil parish in Midlothian, Scotland. The village lies south of Dalkeith, about seven miles from Edinburgh. It is notable for containing Newbattle Abbey, a stately home built on the site of a 12th-century Cistercian monastery.

The civil parish, which also includes Newtongrange, had a population of 21,534 in 2011.
The Intercontinental Derby (basketball)
The Intercontinental Derby (Turkish: Kıtalararası Derbi), also known as the Eternal Rivalry (Turkish: Ezelî Rekabet), is the name given to any basketball match between Fenerbahçe SK and Galatasaray SK, teams of the Asian and the European parts of Istanbul respectively. Fenerbahçe is the most successful of the two clubs, having won more head to head fixtures and having clinched more trophies in the past seasons, including the highest level tier of European basketball, the EuroLeague trophy, where the winners are considered the biggest team of Europe.

Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray S.K. is a professional basketball team based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It is a part of the Galatasaray Sports Club. The team competes in the Turkish Basketball Super League and Basketball Champions League. The team has won 18 Turkish championships (5 titles in the Turkish Super League, 11 titles in the former Turkish Basketball Championship and 2 titles in the former Spring Cup). The team furthermore won 3 Turkish Cups, 2 Turkish Super Cups, and 1 EuroCup.
Wei-Chuan USA
Wei-Chuan USA was founded by the original parent company Wei Chuan Food Corporation of Taiwan in 1972. Wei-Chuan USA's corporate logo consists of five red circles, and they represent the five basic flavors: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. The company is known for its Chinese food products. In 1998, its then parent company Wei Chuan spun off Wei-Chuan USA and sold the shares to Hotai Motor; in the transaction, Wei Chuan itself was sold to Ting Hsin International Group.

Wei-Chuan USA operates two manufacturing facilities in Los Angeles and Tennessee and six distribution centers located in Jersey City, San Francisco, Chicago, Atlanta, City of Industry, and Houston. It is currently one of the largest Asian food manufacturer base in the United States.

Ting Hsin International Group
Ting Hsin International Group (Chinese: 頂新國際集團; pinyin: Dǐngxīn Guójì Jítuán) is a Taiwanese-owned corporate group established in 1958. It owns various food brands such as the instant noodle maker Master Kong, Wei-Chuan Food Corporation and Dicos.
Didessa (woreda)
Didessa is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the Didessa River, a tributary of the Abay River. Part of the Illubabor Zone, Didessa is bordered on the south by the Didessa River which separates it from the Jimma Zone, and on the north by Gechi. The major town in Didessa is Denbi.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop. The proposed Didessa Wildlife Sanctuary will extend along the all-weather road from Nekemte to Bedele. The proposed area of the reserve will cover about 1,333 square kilometers containing a watershed with 14 small streams, and the habitat of about 54 plant species, 30 mammal species, and a number of birds.

Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.
Miralem Sulejmani
Miralem Sulejmani (Serbian Cyrillic: Миралем Сулејмани, pronounced [mirǎlem sulejmâːni]; born 5 December 1988) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a winger.

When he signed for Ajax in 2008, he became the most expensive football player to have ever been purchased by a Dutch club. Over the course of seven seasons he amassed Eredivisie totals of 137 games and 44 goals. In 2013, he moved to Benfica where he sparsely played, but won five major titles in two years. He then moved to Young Boys, where he became a first team regular again.

2014–15 Taça da Liga
The 2014–15 Taça da Liga was the eighth edition of the Taça da Liga, a Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional (LPFP). It was contested by a total of 36 clubs competing in the top two professional tiers of Portuguese football – 18 teams from the 2014–15 Primeira Liga plus 18 non-reserve teams from the 2014–15 Segunda Liga.

Title holders Benfica beat Marítimo 2–1 in the final and lifted the trophy for a sixth time.
Myrtle Beach metropolitan area
The Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (officially the Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area) is a census-designated metropolitan statistical area (MSA) consisting of Horry County in South Carolina. The wider Myrtle Beach combined statistical area (CSA), a trading area, includes adjacent Georgetown County, South Carolina.

From 2013 to 2023, Brunswick County, North Carolina was also a component of the Myrtle Beach MSA. In 2023, however,  the Office of Management and Budget redefined the statistical area and moved Brunswick County to the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Myrtle Beach MSA's principal cities, ordered by population, are Myrtle Beach, Conway, and North Myrtle Beach   in South Carolina. The Myrtle Beach CSA includes the city of Georgetown, South Carolina.

Georgetown, South Carolina
Georgetown is the third oldest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina and the county seat of Georgetown County, in the Lowcountry. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 8,403, a decrease from the 2010 census of 9,163. Located on Winyah Bay at the confluence of the Black, Great Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Sampit rivers, Georgetown is the second largest seaport in South Carolina, handling over 960,000 tons of materials a year, while Charleston is the largest.

Beginning in the colonial era, Georgetown was the commercial center of an indigo- and rice-producing area. Rice replaced indigo as the chief commodity crop in the antebellum era. A timber industry also developed and sawmills were built.
Samuelsonia
Samuelsonia is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from the South Province and Mont Panié of New Caledonia, and is named after Dr. G. Allan Samuelson of the Bishop Museum. The genus was established based on general proportions and body size, and may be polyphyletic or paraphyletic.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
Sarnaism
Sarnaism is a religious faith of the Indian subcontinent, predominantly followed by indigenous communities of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region across states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh.

The essence of the Sarna faith revolves around nature worship. Its core principles emphasize jal (water), jaṅgal (forest) and jamīn (land), with adherents offering prayers to trees and hills while believing in the protection of forests. This belief centers around the reverence of Sarna, the sacred groves of village communities, where the village deity, known as Gram Deota, resides, and where sacrificial offerings are made twice a year. It is also referred to as "Sarna Dharma" or the "Religion of the Holy Woods", and it holds the distinction of being India's largest tribal religion.

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, the sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, or sarai, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet and across the Himalayan regions.
Itô diffusion
In mathematics – specifically, in stochastic analysis – an Itô diffusion is a solution to a specific type of stochastic differential equation. That equation is similar to the Langevin equation used in physics to describe the Brownian motion of a particle subjected to a potential in a viscous fluid.  Itô diffusions are named after the Japanese mathematician Kiyosi Itô.

Invariant measure
In mathematics, an invariant measure is a measure that is preserved by some function. The function may be a geometric transformation. For examples, circular angle is invariant under rotation, hyperbolic angle is  invariant under squeeze mapping, and a difference of slopes is invariant under shear mapping.

Ergodic theory is the study of invariant measures in dynamical systems. The Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem proves the existence of invariant measures under certain conditions on the function and space under consideration.
Divine intervention
Divine intervention is an event that occurs when a deity (i.e. God, gods, goddesses etc.) becomes actively involved in changing some situation in human affairs.  In contrast to other kinds of divine action, the expression "divine intervention" implies that there is some kind of identifiable situation or state of affairs that a god chooses to get involved with, to intervene in, in order to change, end, or preserve the situation.

Revelation
Revelation, or divine revelation, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
2021 United States Grand Prix
The 2021 United States Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Aramco United States Grand Prix 2021) was a Formula One motor race, held on October 24, 2021, at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, United States. The race was the 17th round of the 2021 Formula One World Championship and the 50th running of the United States Grand Prix, the 42nd time the race was run as a World Championship event since the inaugural 1950 season, and the ninth time a World Championship round was held at the venue.

2021 Turkish Grand Prix
The 2021 Turkish Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Rolex Turkish Grand Prix 2021) was a Formula One motor race, held on 10 October 2021 at Istanbul Park in Tuzla, Istanbul. It was the sixteenth of twenty-two rounds of the 2021 Formula One World Championship. As of 2025, this was the last Turkish Grand Prix.

Lewis Hamilton, driving for the Mercedes team was fastest in the final segment of Saturday's qualifying session, however a ten-place grid penalty meant he started Sunday's race in eleventh place, promoting his team-mate Valtteri Bottas to pole position. Bottas won the race and scored the bonus point for the fastest lap, with Red Bull Racing drivers Max Verstappen and Sergio Pérez finishing second and third.
UrFU, Institute of Physics and Technology
Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT) is one of leading institutions of Ural Federal University. IPT was transformed from Physical Engineering faculty of USTU-UPI during merging USTU-UPI and USU. The institute trains specialists in the following fields: physico-chemical, physical engineering, IT, social and humanitarian, quality management of innovative products and technologies. IPT also known as "UPI's Phystech"(Russian: Физтех УПИ, romanized: Fiztekh UPI).

Ural State Technical University
Ural State Technical University (USTU) is a public technical university in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia It is the biggest technical institution of higher education in Russia, with close ties to local industry in the Urals. Its motto, Ingenium Creatio Labor, means "brilliance, creation, work".
Sikakap
Sikakap is a sub-district on the Indonesian island of North Pagai, in the Mentawai Islands off Sumatra. The sub-district contains both Sikakap and Matobe, while Sikakap village incorporates the hamlets of Central Sikakap, East Sikakap and Sibaibai. Overall, the total population was 3,194 as of 2016. Also part of the sub-district is the Sikakap Strait between North and South Pagai, a designated Regional Marine Conservation Area. The Strait, an area of 3,960 hectares (9,800 acres), has a coastal length of 19.79 kilometres (12.30 mi) and is a major contributor to West Sumatra's fishing industry.

Mentawai Islands Regency
The Mentawai Islands Regency is a regency of West Sumatra Province which consists of a chain of about a hundred islands and islets approximately 150 km (93 mi) off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. They cover a land area of 6,033.76 km2 (2,329.65 sq mi) and had a population of 76,173 at the 2010 Census and 87,623 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 97,837.

Siberut at 3,877.9 km2 (1,497 sq mi) is the largest of the islands, occupying 64.27% of the land area of the regency. The other major islands are Sipura (or Sipora), North Pagai (Pagai Utara), and South Pagai (Pagai Selatan). The islands lie off the Sumatran coast, across the Mentawai Strait. The indigenous inhabitants of the islands are known as the Mentawai people. The Mentawai Islands have become a noted destination for surfing, with over 40 boats offering surf charters to international guests.
Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire had a number of tributary and vassal states throughout its history.  Its tributary states would regularly send tribute to the Ottoman Empire, which was understood by both states as also being a token of submission.  In exchange for certain privileges, its vassal states were obligated to render support to the Ottoman Empire when called upon to do so.  Some of its vassal states were also tributary states.

These client states, many of which could be described by modern terms such as satellite states or puppet states, were usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Sublime Porte, over which direct control was not established. The Ottoman Empire maintained relationships with various states, some of which were under their direct rule (provinces) and others that were vassal states or tributary states, meaning they recognized Ottoman suzerainty but retained a degree of autonomy.

Lesser Nogai Horde
The Lesser Nogai Horde, not to be confused with the (Greater) Nogai Horde on the Caspian, 
was the Nogai Tatar territory in Kuban (on the eastern shore of the Sea of Azov), it was a nominal vassal allied with the Crimean Khanate, during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The lesser Nogais were nominally subject to the Crimean Khanate. They were divided into the following groups: Budjak (from the Danube to the Dniester), Yedisan (from the Dniester to the Bug), Jamboyluk (Bug to Crimea), Yedickul (north of Crimea) and Kuban. In particular, the Yedisans are mentioned as a distinct group, and in various locations

The horde was also known simply as Nogai Tatars, not to be confused with the North Nogay horde.
HMS Gurkha (F122)
HMS Gurkha (F122) was a Tribal-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She was named after an ethnic group located in Nepal, and who continue to serve in the British Army. She was sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1984 and renamed KRI Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes (332).

Tribal-class frigate
The Type 81, or Tribal class, frigates were ordered and built as sloops to carry out similar duties to the immediate post-war improved Black Swan-class sloops and Loch-class frigates in the Persian Gulf. In the mid-1960s, the seven Tribals were reclassified as second-class general-purpose frigates to maintain frigate numbers. After the British withdrawal from East of Suez in 1971, the Tribals operated in the NATO North Atlantic sphere with the only update being the fitting of Seacat missiles to all by 1977, limited by their single propeller and low speed of 24 knots. In 1979–80, age and crew and fuel shortages saw them transferred to the stand-by squadrons; three were reactivated in 1982 during the Falklands War for training and guardship duties in the West Indies.
Marawa Minangkabau
Marawa is a tricolour flag that consists of three vertical charts that feature the colours of the Minangkabau culture: black, red, and gold. It is not known for sure when this flag was first used, but it was officially adopted as the flag of the Pagaruyung Kingdom since its founding in 1347. This flag was also adopted by other kingdoms of the Minangkabau  rantau such as the Inderapura Kingdom. A derivative of the flag is also currently used by Negeri Sembilan, a state in Malaysia with historical and cultural connections with the kingdom.

Black represents pangulu, gold represents manti, white represents malin, and red represents dubalang.

Inderapura Kingdom
Inderapura (Minangkabau: Karajaan Indopuro, other name: Inderapura Dārul Qarār), also known as Ujung Pagaruyung, was a kingdom located in the Pesisir Selatan Regency, present-day West Sumatra, bordering Bengkulu Province and Jambi. Officially, the kingdom was a vassal of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, although in practice it was independent and free to manage its internal and external affairs. The kingdom in its heyday covered the west coast of Sumatra from Padang in the north to Sungai Hurai in the south. Inderapura's most important products were pepper and gold.

The influence of the Inderapura Kingdom reached Banten on the island of Java. Based on the Sajarah Banten, the Sultanate of Banten had made trade contacts with the Inderapura Kingdom which was marked by the gift of a kris from Sultan Munawar Syah to Sultan Hasanuddin. According to Hamka, Sultan Munawar Syah married his daughter to Hasanuddin and gifted Silebar (a pepper-producing area in Bengkulu) to the Sultanate of Banten.
West Jefferson Avenue–Rouge River Bridge
The West Jefferson Avenue–Rouge River Bridge is a historic double-leaf bascule bridge in Wayne County, Michigan, at the border of the cities of Detroit and River Rouge. The bridge carries Jefferson Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Southwest Detroit, over the River Rouge, an important inland route for lake freighters. The bridge was built in 1922, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Jefferson Avenue (Detroit)
Jefferson Avenue is a 63.71-mile-long (102.53 km) scenic road along the eastern part of the Detroit metropolitan area in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Michigan. It travels alongside Lake Erie, the Detroit River, and Lake St. Clair. This road also provides access to many recreational facilities in the area. West Jefferson Avenue is primarily commercial, while East Jefferson Avenue contains a historic residential district.
Mangawan
Mangawan is a town and a nagar panchayat in Rewa district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
It is 30 km (19 mi) from the District headquarters of Rewa city.   NH 7 and  NH 27 goes through Mangawan. Prayagraj is  96 km (60 mi) on  NH 27 and Varanasi is 220 km (140 mi) on  NH 7 and Manikwar is 15 km (9.3 mi)

National Highway 7 (India)
National Highway 7 (NH 7) is a highway connecting Fazilka (Punjab) to Mana (Uttarakhand) in India. It passes through the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

The NH-7 (old NH-58) connects Hindu pilgrim centres of Rishikesh, Devprayag, Rudraprayag, Karnaprayag, Chamoli, Joshimath and Badrinath with Dehradun and Chandigarh. Pilgrims travelling to Sri Hemkunt Sahib take a diversion from Govindghat which lies on NH-7 between Joshimath and Badrinath.

The road is generally closed during the winter months of December, January, February and March in the upper reaches of the Himalayas through which National Highway 7 passes. This road goes to Mana Pass near the India-Tibetan border.
Party switching in the United States
In politics of the United States, party switching is any change in party affiliation of a partisan public figure, usually one who holds an elected office. Use of the term "party switch" can also connote a transfer of holding power in an elected governmental body from one party to another.

Party switching
Party switching or party hopping is any change in political party affiliation of a partisan public figure, usually one currently holding elected office.
Party switching occurs quite commonly in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia, Romania, Ukraine, and the Philippines.
Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City
Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City is a United States Coast Guard Air Station co-located at Elizabeth City Regional Airport in Elizabeth City, North Carolina and is part of Coast Guard Base Elizabeth City. The Coast Guard air station is one of the busiest in the U.S. Coast Guard, operating missions as far away as Greenland, the Azores and the Caribbean.

United States Coast Guard Air Stations
A Coast Guard Air Station (abbreviated as CGAS or AirSta) provides aviation support for the United States Coast Guard. The Coast Guard operates approximately 210 aircraft from 24 Coast Guard Air Stations in the United States. Fixed-wing aircraft, such as the HC-130 Hercules, are built for long range missions and operate from air stations. The air stations and facilities are also home to locally based MH-65D Dolphin and Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk helicopters and support rotor craft assigned to flight deck equipped cutters.

Unlike Coast Guard Boat Stations, which are subordinate to Sector Commanders, the commanding officer of a Coast Guard Air Station reports directly to the appropriate District Commander. Air stations are typically commanded by an officer with the rank of captain.

Air station planning and overall aviation policies are under the oversight of the Office of Aviation Forces (CG-711), which in turn reports to the Assistant Commandant for Capability.
1938 Walsall by-election
The 1938 Walsall by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Walsall on 16 November 1938. The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Liberal National Member of Parliament, Joseph Leckie. The election was won by George Schuster, a fellow Liberal National.

Walsall (UK Parliament constituency)
Walsall was a borough constituency centred on the town of Walsall in the West Midlands of England.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.