hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 7001
NGC 7001 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 300 million light-years away in the constellation Aquarius. NGC 7001 has an estimated diameter of 123,000 light-years. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel on July 21, 1827, and was also observed by Austrian astronomer Rudolf Spitaler on September 26, 1891.

NGC 7001 has tightly wound spiral arms similar to the galaxy NGC 488. The galaxy is also host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 7 × 107 M☉.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Digamber Singh
Digamber Singh (1 October 1951 – 27 October 2017) was an Indian politician, who served as a Cabinet Minister in the Government of Rajasthan. Singh spent over two decades as a Member of the Legislative Assembly, representing the Kumher Assembly constituency, later renamed as Deeg-Kumher. He held numerous imperative Cabinet portfolios in the Government of Rajasthan, including Minister of Health, Ayurveda, Family Welfare and from 2009 onwards as the Minister of Industries.

He was the chairman of the Twenty Point Programme and held additional charges of the Ministries of Panchayati raj, Law, Agriculture and Social justice in the Government of Rajasthan. A prominent Jat leader, Singh was considered the face of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Eastern Rajasthan.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Segol
Segol  (modern Hebrew: סֶגּוֹל, IPA: [seˈɡol]; formerly סְגוֹל‎, səḡôl) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign that is represented by three dots forming an upside down equilateral triangle "ֶ ". As such, it resembles an upside down therefore sign (a because sign) underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /e/ which is similar to  "e" in the English word sound in sell and is transliterated as an e.

In Modern Hebrew segol makes the same sound as tzere, as does the Hataf Segol (Hebrew: חֲטַף סֶגּוֹל   IPA: [ħaˈtaf seˈɡol], "Reduced Segol"). The reduced (or ħataf) niqqud exist for segol, patah, and kamatz which contain a shva next to it.

Kamatz
Kamatz or qamatz (Modern Hebrew: קָמָץ, IPA: [kaˈmats]; alternatively קָמֶץ qāmeṣ) is a Hebrew niqqud (vowel) sign represented by two perpendicular lines (looking like an uppercase T) ⟨ ָ ‎ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it usually indicates the phoneme /a/ which is the "a" sound in the word spa and is transliterated as a. In these cases, its sound is identical to the sound of pataḥ in modern Hebrew. In a minority of cases it indicates the phoneme /o/, equal to the sound of ḥolam. In traditional Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation, qamatz is pronounced as the phoneme /ɔ/, which becomes /u/ in some contexts in southern Ashkenazi dialects. For this reason, the equivalent phoneme in Yiddish (/ɔ/ in some dialects, /u/ in others) is spelled with an aleph marked with a kamatz ⟨אָ‎⟩, in Yiddish orthography.
Omega and agemo subgroup
In mathematics, or more specifically group theory, the omega and agemo subgroups described the so-called "power structure" of a finite p-group.  They were introduced in (Hall 1933) where they were used to describe a class of finite p-groups whose structure was sufficiently similar to that of finite abelian p-groups, the so-called, regular p-groups.  The relationship between power and commutator structure forms a central theme in the modern study of p-groups, as exemplified in the work on uniformly powerful p-groups.

The word "agemo" is just "omega" spelled backwards, and the agemo subgroup is denoted by an upside-down omega (℧).

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Zolotonosha
Zolotonosha (Ukrainian: Золотоноша, IPA: [zolotoˈnɔʃɐ] ⓘ) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (region) in central Ukraine. Located at around 49°40′N 32°2′E﻿ / ﻿49.667°N 32.033°E﻿ / 49.667; 32.033, the city serves as the administrative center of Zolotonosha Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Zolotonosha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 27,206 (2022 estimate).

Zolotonosha is located in Dnieper Lowland on the Zolotonoshka River, a tributary of the Dnipro, within 30 km (19 mi) of the oblast's administrative center, Cherkasy. The railroad line from Bakhmach to Odesa and the highways connecting Kyiv to Kremenchuk and Cherkasy to Shramkivka pass through the city.

Bakhmach
Bakhmach (Ukrainian: Бахмач, pronounced [ˈbɑxmɐtʃ] ⓘ) is a city located in Nizhyn Raion of Chernihiv Oblast (province), in northern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Bakhmach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 16,862 (2022 estimate).  In 2025 the population is 16,300 people.
Psychosocial hazard
A psychosocial hazard or work stressor is any occupational hazard related to the way work is designed, organized and managed, as well as the economic and social contexts of work. Unlike the other three categories of occupational hazard (chemical, biological, and physical), they do not arise from a physical substance, object, or hazardous energy.

Psychosocial hazards affect the psychological and physical well-being of workers, including their ability to participate in a work environment among other people.  They cause not only psychiatric and psychological outcomes such as occupational burnout, anxiety disorders, and depression, but they can also cause physical injury or illness such as cardiovascular disease or musculoskeletal injury. Psychosocial risks are linked to the organization of work as well as workplace violence and are recognized internationally as major challenges to occupational safety and health as well as productivity.

Psychosocial
The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function. This approach is used in a broad range of helping professions in health and social care settings as well as by medical and social science researchers.
1973 Birmingham International
The 1973 Birmingham International was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Birmingham Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States that was part of the 1973 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the inaugural edition of the event and was held from January 17 through January 20, 1973. Unseeded Sandy Mayer won the singles title but due to his amateur status he was not entitled to receive the $3,000 first-prize money.

1973 USLTA Indoor Circuit
The 1973 USLTA Indoor Circuit  was a professional tennis circuit held in the United States from January until March that year. It consisted of 13 tournaments and was organized by Bill Riordan and sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA).
Pana (Meitei culture)
The territorial classification of the traditional Meitei administrative system of Kangleipak (erstwhile Manipur Kingdom) is organized into four primary divisions known as Panas. Each Pana comprises eight distinguished officials or dignitaries, assigned specific roles and responsibilities within their respective jurisdictions, which are properly documented in the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Region of Peel Secondary Schools Athletic Association
The Region of Peel Secondary Schools Athletic Association or ROPSSAA is a high school league for 36 sports. It has 69 member schools throughout the Region of Peel from the Peel District School Board, the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, and 6 private schools. It is a member of the Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations (OFSAA).

Peel District School Board
The Peel District School Board (PDSB; known as English-Language Public District School Board No. 19 prior to 1999) is a school district that serves approximately 153,000 kindergarten to grade 12 students at more than 259 schools in the Region of Peel (municipalities of Caledon, Brampton and Mississauga) in Ontario, also to the west of Toronto.

The board employs more than 15,000 full-time staff and is the largest employer in Peel Region. As of 2023 it is the second largest school board in Canada.
Emergent design
Emergent design is a phrase coined by David Cavallo to describe a theoretical framework for the implementation of systemic change in education and learning environments.  This examines how choice of design methodology contributes to the success or failure of education reforms through studies in Thailand. It is related to the theories of situated learning and of constructionist learning. The term constructionism was coined by Seymour Papert under whom Cavallo studied. Emergent design holds that education systems cannot adapt effectively to technology change unless the education is rooted in the existing skills and needs of the local culture.

Situated learning
Situated learning is a theory that explains an individual's acquisition of professional skills and includes research on apprenticeship into how legitimate peripheral participation leads to membership in a community of practice. Situated learning "takes as its focus the relationship between learning and the social situation in which it occurs".

The theory is distinguished from alternative views of learning which define learning as the acquisition of propositional knowledge. Lave and Wenger see situated learning in certain forms of social co-participation and instead of asking what kinds of cognitive processes and conceptual structures are involved, they focus on the kinds of social engagements that provide the proper context and facilitate learning.
Iain Baxter&
IAIN BAXTER& CC OOnt OBC RCA FRSC (born Iain Baxter on November 16, 1936) is a Canadian conceptual artist.
BAXTER& is recognized internationally as an early practitioner of conceptual art; the Canada Council Molson Prize committee stated in 2005 that his "highly regarded conceptual installations and projects, as well as his photography, have earned him the label of 'the Marshall McLuhan of the visual arts." BAXTER& was co-president with Ingrid Baxter of the conceptual project and legally incorporated business N.E. Thing Co., founded in 1966. BAXTER& is Professor Emeritus at the School of Visual Arts University of Windsor and a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Parrying dagger
The parrying dagger is a category of small handheld weapons from the European late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. These weapons were used as off-hand weapons in conjunction with a single-handed sword such as a rapier. As the name implies they were designed to parry, or defend, more effectively than a simple dagger form, typically incorporating a wider guard, and often some other defensive features to better protect the hand as well. They may also be used for attack if an opportunity arises. The general category includes two more specific types, the swordbreaker and trident dagger.

The use of this off-hand weapon gradually fell out of favor as sword fighting evolved into the modern sport of fencing. The use of progressively lighter primary weapons such as the small sword, épée, and foil allowed for greater speed since the fencer needed less protection for himself as double hits became more allowed in sport fencing.

Hilt
The hilt (rarely called a haft or shaft) is the handle of a knife, dagger, sword, or bayonet, consisting of a guard, grip, and pommel. The guard may contain a crossguard or quillons.  A tassel or sword knot may be attached to the guard or pommel.
Bioorganic chemistry
Bioorganic chemistry is a scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry. It is the branch of life science that deals with the study of biological processes using chemical methods. Protein and enzyme function are examples of these processes.

Sometimes biochemistry is used interchangeably for bioorganic chemistry; the distinction being that bioorganic chemistry is organic chemistry that is focused on the biological aspects. While biochemistry aims at understanding biological processes using chemistry, bioorganic chemistry attempts to expand organic-chemical researches (that is, structures, synthesis, and kinetics) toward biology. When investigating metalloenzymes and cofactors, bioorganic chemistry overlaps bioinorganic chemistry.

Bioinorganic chemistry
Bioinorganic chemistry is a field that examines the role of metals in biology. Bioinorganic chemistry includes the study of both natural phenomena such as the behavior of metalloproteins as well as artificially introduced metals, including those that are non-essential, in medicine and toxicology.  Many biological processes such as respiration depend upon molecules that fall within the realm of inorganic chemistry.   The discipline also includes the study of inorganic models or mimics that imitate the behaviour of metalloproteins.

As a mix of biochemistry and inorganic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry is important in elucidating the implications of electron-transfer proteins, substrate bindings and activation, atom and group transfer chemistry as well as metal properties in biological chemistry. The successful development of truly interdisciplinary work is necessary to advance bioinorganic chemistry.
Secaș
Secaș (Hungarian: Temesszékás; German: Sekasch; Serbian: Секаш, romanized: Sekaš) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Checheș, Crivobara, Secaș (commune seat) and Vizma.

Lipova, Arad
Lipova (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈlipova]; German and Hungarian: Lippa; Serbian: Липова,  Lipova; Turkish: Lipva) is a town in Romania, Arad County, located in the Banat region. It is situated at a distance of 34 km (21 mi) from Arad, the county capital, at the contact zone of the river Mureș with the Zarand Mountains, the Western Plateau, and the Lipova Hills. It administers two villages, Radna (Máriaradna) and Șoimoș (Solymosvár), and its total surface is 134.6 km2 (52.0 sq mi).

The first written record of the town dates back to 1315 under the name Lipwa. In 1324 the settlement was mentioned as castellanus de Lypua, a place-name that reflects its reinforced character of that time.
Farah Antun
Farah Antun (Arabic: فرح انطون; 1874–1922), also spelled Farah Antoun, was among the first Lebanese Christians to openly argue for secularism and equality regardless of religious affiliation. He also, though uncommon for his background, argued against Arab nationalism. Antun became popular for his magazine, Al Jamiah, and his public debate with Muhammad Abduh over conflicting worldviews.

Ernest Renan
Joseph Ernest Renan (/rəˈnɑːn/; French: [ʒozɛf ɛʁnɛst ʁənɑ̃]; 27 February 1823 – 2 October 1892) was a French Orientalist and Semitic scholar, writing on Semitic languages and civilizations, historian of religion, philologist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and critic. He wrote works on the origins of early Christianity, and espoused popular political theories especially concerning nationalism, national identity, and the superiority of white people over other human races.  Renan is among the first scholars to advance the debunked Khazar theory, which held that Ashkenazi Jews were descendants of the Khazars, Turkic peoples who had adopted the Jewish religion and allegedly migrated to central and eastern Europe following the collapse of their khanate. On this basis he alleged that the Jews were "an incomplete race."
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Women's 1500 metres
The women's 1500 metres race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in the Vikingskipet arena in Hamar, Norway, was held on 31 January 2015.

Heather Richardson of the United States won, followed by Brittany Bowe of the United States in second place, and Marije Joling of the Netherlands in third place. Carlijn Achtereekte of the Netherlands won Division B.

Elena Møller-Rigas of Denmark set a new national junior record in the B division.

2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5
The fifth competition weekend of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Vikingskipet arena in Hamar, Norway, from Saturday, 31 January, until Sunday, 1 February 2015.

There were no world records set during the weekend, but Marina Zueva of Belarus set a national record as she finished second in the B division of the women's 3000 m on Sunday, and Elena Møller-Rigas of Denmark set new national junior records on both 1500 m and 3000 m.
Bunamidine
Bunamidine is an anthelmintic drug used in veterinary medicine to treat infections by tapeworm parasites of the genus Taenia; thus it is classified as a taeniacide.

It is also effective against Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) and Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm).

Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics, anthelminthics, antihelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals, particularly small ruminants such as goats and sheep.

Anthelmintic medication is also used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. Anthelmintics are also used for mass deworming of livestock. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel.
Cholita Climbers
The Cholita Climbers of Bolivia, or Las Cholitas Escaladoras Bolivianas, are a group of Indigenous, Aymara, women mountaineers who climb peaks in Latin America. They do not wear modern mountaineering clothing, preferring instead their traditional costumes including polleras, brightly colored, full, pleated skirts with many under skirts. They do wear helmets and boots and use crampons, ice picks and ropes but carry their equipment on their backs in traditional shawls.  The group was founded in 2015 by local women including Cecilia Llusco Alaña. The women are part of a tight knit community who work and live in the mountains. Their most notable expedition was on January 23, 2019 when they became the first Aymara women to summit Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas.

Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (Aymara: aymara, listenⓘ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

The Aymara have lived in the region for over 7,250 years. By the late 15th century or early 16th century, they became a subject people of the Inca Empire and later of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Following the Spanish American wars of independence (1810–1825), the Aymara became subjects to the new nations of Bolivia and Peru. After the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile annexed territory inhabited by the Aymara population.
IIFA Award for Best Story
The IIFA Award for Best Story is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony.

Since the 22nd IIFA Awards in 2022, the category has been split into Best Story (Original) and Best Story (Adapted).

22nd IIFA Awards
The 22nd International Indian Film Academy Awards, also known as the IIFA, was held on 3–4 June 2022, postponed from the original 18–19 March 2022 date, and the 19–21 May 2022 date. Furthermore, it was supposed to be held in 2021, before being postponed a year, along with the 2020 (2021) edition. The awards was held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The nominees were announced in early 2022.

Shershaah led the ceremony with 13 nominations, followed by 83 with 10 nominations and Atrangi Re with 7 nominations.

Shershaah won 6 awards, including Best Film and Best Director (for Vishnuvardhan), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Pankaj Tripathi received dual nominations for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in 83 and Ludo, winning for the latter.
Blaenau Ffestiniog North railway station
Blaenau Ffestiniog North (initially named plain "Blaenau Festiniog", without a second f) was the London and North Western Railway's (LNWR's) second passenger station in Blaenau Ffestiniog, then in Merionethshire, now in Gwynedd, Wales.

David & Charles
David & Charles Ltd is an English publishing company. It is the owner of the David & Charles imprint, which specialises in craft and lifestyle publishing.

David and Charles Ltd acts as distributor for all David and Charles Ltd books and content outside North America, and also distributes Interweave Press publications in the UK and worldwide excluding North America, and as foreign language editions. The company distributes Dover Publications and Reader's Digest books into the UK Trade and is also a UK and Europe distribution platform for the overseas acquired companies Krause Publications and Adams Media.