hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brevoortia
The genus Brevoortia are all species of menhaden, there are found mainly in western Atlantic and consist of the following species:

Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829)  (Brazilian menhaden)

Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand, 1948  (Finescale menhaden)

Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878  (Gulf menhaden)

Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns, 1842)  (Argentine menhaden)

Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand, 1941  (Yellowfin menhaden)

Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802)  (Atlantic menhaden)

Atlantic menhaden
The Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) is a North American species of fish in the herring family, Alosidae.

Atlantic menhaden are found in North Atlantic coastal and estuarine waters from Nova Scotia south to northern Florida. They are commonly found in all salinities of the Chesapeake Bay and Mid-Atlantic water. They swim in large schools that stratify by size and age along the coast. Younger and smaller fish are found in the Chesapeake Bay and southern coastline while older, larger fish are found along the northern coastline.
Arete (daughter of Dionysius)
Arete (Ancient Greek: Ἀρετή) was the daughter of the Syracusan tyrant Dionysius I of Syracuse (Magna Graecia) with Aristomache.

Arete was first married to Thearides, and upon his death to her uncle, Dion of Syracuse, the brother of her mother Aristomache. After Dion had fled from Syracuse during the reign of the younger Dionysius, Arete was compelled by her brother to marry Timocrates of Syracuse, one of his friends; but she was again received by Dion as his wife, when he had obtained possession of Syracuse and expelled the younger Dionysius, Dionysius II of Syracuse.

After Dion's assassination in 353 BCE, Arete was imprisoned together with her mother and brought forth a son while in confinement. Arete and Aristomache were subsequently liberated and kindly received by Hicetas of Leontini, one of Dion's friends, but he was afterward persuaded by the enemies of Dion to drown them.

Thearides
Thearides (Ancient Greek: Θεαρίδης) was a Syracusan from Magna Graecia, son of Hermocrates and brother of the Syracusan tyrant Dionysius I of Syracuse.

He is first mentioned in 390 BCE, when he was appointed by Dionysius to succeed his brother Leptines of Syracuse in the command of the fleet. The next year he commanded an expedition to the Aeolian Islands, where he captured ten ships belonging to the Rhegians. Again in 388 BCE he was chosen by his brother to conduct the procession which Dionysius sent to the Olympic festival.
Makaroa
Makaroa is an island in the Gambier Islands of French Polynesia, 8.5 km south of Mangareva within the same lagoon.  Makaroa is about 1.3 km (1 mi) in length and has a small rocky islet off its NW point.

Makaroa is uninhabited.  It is a jagged and barren island with a maximum height of 138 m. 1.8 km (1 mi) to the SSE lies Kamaka Island.

In 2015 a conservation campaign resulted in the eradication of rats from the island.

Mangareva
Mangareva is the central and largest island of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. It is surrounded by smaller islands: Taravai in the southwest, Aukena and Akamaru in the southeast, and islands in the north. Mangareva has a permanent population of 1,239 (2012) and the largest village on the island, Rikitea, is the chief town of the Gambier Islands.

The island is approximately eight kilometres (5 mi) long and, at 15.4 km2 (5+15⁄16 sq mi), it comprises about 56% of the land area of the whole Gambier group.  Mangareva has a high central ridge which runs the length of the island. The highest point in the Gambiers is Mount Duff, on Mangareva, rising to 441 metres (1,447 ft) along the island's south coast. The island has a large lagoon 24 kilometres (15 mi) in diameter containing reefs whose fish and shellfish helped ancient islanders survive much more successfully than on nearby islands with no reefs.
Camborne railway station
Camborne railway station serves the town of Camborne, Cornwall, England. The station is 313 miles 40 chains (313.50 mi; 504.5 km) from the zero point at London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay.

It has been in use since 1843 and is currently managed by Great Western Railway. Services are provided by GWR and CrossCountry.

Box railway station
Box railway station served the village of Box in Wiltshire, England. The station was on the main Great Western Railway line from London to Bristol and was opened when the Chippenham to Bath section opened in June 1841.

The station was close to the village of Ashley as a location nearer to Box would be on a steeper gradient and too close to the tunnels. The station hotel survives as the Northey Arms.

The Rev. W. Awdry, author of The Railway Series books lived next to the railway station and would spend many hours with his father watching the passing steam locomotives.

The name board of the former signal box with the name "Box Signal Box" is preserved in the National Railway Museum at York.
Muru Nyingba Monastery
Muru Ningba or Meru Nyingba (rMe ru snying pa) (Tibetan: རྨེ་རུ་སྙིང་པ་) is a small Buddhist monastery located between the larger monasteries of Jokhang and Barkhor in the city of Lhasa, Tibet, China. It was the Lhasa seat of the former State Oracle who had his main residence at Nechung Monastery.

It is located immediately behind and east of the Jokhang and may be accessed from the north side of the Barkhor.

Nechung Oracle
The Nechung Oracle (Tibetan: གནས་ཆུང་ཏ་བླ་མ, Wylie: gnas chung ta bla ma) is the personal oracle of the Dalai Lama since the second Dalai Lama. The medium currently resides in Nechung Monastery established by the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India. The Nechung Oracle was the designated head of the Nechung monastery in Tibet.
Grupa Azoty
Grupa Azoty S.A. (until 2013 Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów-Mościce) is a major Polish chemical industry company headquartered in the Mościce district of Tarnów, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southeastern Poland.

The company was established in 1927, during the Second Polish Republic, as one of the most modern factories in Europe at the time. Currently, Grupa Azoty is the largest chemical company in Poland and is a major producer of fertilizers, plastics, chemicals, oxo alcohols and pigments.

At the end of 2019, the group employed 15,609 employees in 50 companies located both in Poland and abroad. In 2022, Grupa Azoty posted a revenue of over 24 billion PLN ($ 5.5 billion). As of 2023, the company is the second largest producer of fertilizers in the European Union. The company markets its products to over 100 countries worldwide. Grupa Azoty is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and is a component of the WIG30 stock market index.

UAN
UAN is a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer. The combination of urea and ammonium nitrate has an extremely low critical relative humidity (18% at 30 °C) and can therefore only be used in liquid fertilizers. The most commonly used grade of these fertilizer solutions is UAN 32.0.0 (32%N) known as UN32 or UN-32, which consists of 45% ammonium nitrate, 35% urea and only 20% water. Other grades are UAN 28, UAN 30 and UAN 18.
The solutions are quite corrosive towards mild steel (up to 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) per year on C1010 steel) and are therefore generally equipped with a corrosion inhibitor to protect tanks, pipelines, nozzles, etc. Urea–ammonium nitrate solutions should not be combined with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN-17) or other solutions prepared from calcium nitrate. A thick, milky-white insoluble precipitate forms that may plug nozzles.
Gansz Trophy
The Gansz Trophy is awarded to the winner of the United States Naval Academy and Southern Methodist University rivalry football game. It was created in 2009 through a collaboration between the two athletic departments. The trophy is named for Frank Gansz who played linebacker at the Naval Academy from 1957 through 1959.  Gansz later served as the head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs and on the coaching staffs at Navy and SMU.

SMU Mustangs football
The SMU Mustangs football team is a college football team representing Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Dallas County, Texas. The Mustangs compete in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). SMU joined the ACC in July 2024 after eleven years as a member of the American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Falster Golf Club
Falster Golf Club (Danish: Falster Golfklub) is a golf club in central Falster island, Denmark, to the northwest of the village of Virket. It is accessed via a road named Virketvej.
The course is surrounded by extensive forest and has numerous streams and lakes in the vicinity; the largest lake is in the southeastern part of the course.  The opening 9 holes are set on high land, and the back 9 are located on lower lying moorland and are generally narrower, lined with trees. The 8th hole is a long par five hole which involves a blind second short over a hill which crosses a fence. The website Top 100 Golf Courses ranks the course as the 26th best in Denmark. To the south of the club along the main road is Voldstedgaard, a house currently run as a B&B to cater to golfers playing at the club.

Falster
Falster (Danish: [ˈfælˀstɐ]) is an island in south-eastern Denmark with an area of 486.2 km2 (187.7 sq mi) and 43,398 inhabitants as of 1 January 2010. Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sound area, it is part of Region Zealand and is administered by Guldborgsund Municipality. Falster includes Denmark's southernmost point, Gedser Odde, near Gedser.

The largest town is Nykøbing Falster with over 40% of the island's inhabitants. Other towns include Stubbekøbing, Nørre Alslev and Gedser.

Falster has motor and railway links both to the larger island of Zealand to the north and to the island of Lolland to the south-west. These links also lead to the smaller islands of Masnedø and Farø. European route E47 links Copenhagen to Hamburg (Germany) via Falster.
Utility maximization problem
In microeconomic theory, the utility maximization problem formalizes how a consumer allocates limited resources across different goods and services. The consumer is assumed to have well-defined preferences over all feasible bundles of goods and to be able to rank these bundles according to the level of utility they provide. Given a budget constraint determined by income and prices, the consumer chooses the most preferred bundle that is affordable. The utility maximization problem yields a systematic analysis of consumer demand and how it changes in response to changes in income or prices.

Normal good
In economics, a normal good is a type of a good for which consumers increase their demand due to an increase in income, unlike inferior goods, for which the opposite is observed. When there is an increase in a person's income, for example due to a wage rise, a good for which the demand rises due to the wage increase, is referred as a normal good. Conversely, the demand for normal goods declines when the income decreases, for example due to a wage decrease or layoffs.

Whether a good is categorized as a normal good or an inferior good is based on empirical observations, not some essential element of a good. Indeed, the same good may be a normal good for one group of consumers and an inferior good for another group. For example, for moderate-income consumers, a BMW 3 Series car might be a normal good, but for an upper-income group, it might be an inferior good.
Paracanoeing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Paracanoeing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France took place at Vaires-sur-Marne Nautical Stadium, the same venue that hosted rowing. This was the third appearance of the paracanoe in the Summer Paralympics. There was five canoe sprint events for both men and women, three in kayak and two in va'a in each category.

Rowing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Rowing at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France was held between 30 August to 1 September 2024. It featured men's (PR1M1x) and women's (PR1W1x) single sculls, two mixed double sculls (PR2Mix2x and PR3Mix2x) and one mixed coxed four (PR3Mix4+).
Stinear Lake
Stinear Lake is an Antarctic salt-water glacial lake.

The lake is 2.8 kilometres; 1.7 miles (1.5 nmi) long and 0.46 kilometres; 0.29 miles (0.25 nmi) wide, lying immediately east of Dingle Lake on Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills of Princess Elizabeth Land in Antarctica.

It was mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1946–47. It was first visited by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, led by Philip Law, in 1955. It was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Bruce H. Stinear (1913–2003), a New Zealand geologist at Davis and Mawson Station for several seasons in the period 1954–59.

Vestfold Hills
The Vestfold Hills are rounded, rocky, coastal hills, 512 square kilometres (198 sq mi) in extent, on the north side of Sorsdal Glacier on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. The hills are subdivided by three west-trending peninsulas bounded by narrow fjords. Most of the hills range between 30 and 90 metres (98 and 300 ft) in height, with the highest summit reaching nearly 160 metres (520 ft).
1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament.

Loughgiel Shamrocks of Antrim were the defending champions; however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Ballycastle McQuillans in the 1983 Antrim SHC final. Lixnaw of Kerry and Midleton of Cork made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final, a replay, was played at Semple Stadium in Thurles on 3 June 1984, between Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny and Gort of Galway, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Ballyhale Shamrocks won the match by 1–10 to 0–07 to claim their second title overall and a first in three years.

1980–81 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1980–81 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 11th season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 12 October 1980 to 17 May 1981.

Castlegar of Galway were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten in the 1980 Galway SHC. Killeedy of Limerick and Tallow of Waterford made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final was played at Semple Stadium in Thurles on 17 May 1981, between St Finbarr's of Cork and Ballyhale Shamrocks of Kilkenny, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Ballyhale Shamrocks won the match by 1–15 to 1–11 to claim a first title.

Brendan Fennelly was the championship's top scorer with 1–30.
2015 Tour of Chongming Island World Cup
The 2015 Tour of Chongming Island World Cup was a one-day road cycling race, run as part of the ninth Tour of Chongming Island, which included both a multi-stage event and a single-stage event. The single-stage race, which was part of the 2015 UCI Women's Road World Cup, was held on 17 May 2015, in Shanghai, China.

On wide, mostly flat highways, there were no significant breakaways in the first half of the race, until the duo of Liang Hongyu (China Chongming–Liv–Champion System) and Anastasia Chulkova (BePink–La Classica) established a one-minute lead over the peloton. Their advantage was slowly broken down, predominately due to the work of the Team Hitec Products riders, and they were reabsorbed into the peloton with 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) to go. In a bunch sprint, the Italian rider, Giorgia Bronzini (Wiggle–Honda) won, beating 2014 winners Kirsten Wild (Team Hitec Products) and Fanny Riberot (France national team).

Tour of Chongming Island
The Tour of Chongming Island International Cycling Race is an annual elite women's road bicycle racing stage race held in Shanghai, China, named after Chongming Island.

The Tour previously consisted of two races: a stage race and a one-day race. Between 2007 and 2009, the one-day race was a time trial; in 2010, the time trial was replaced by a one-day race, referred to as the Tour of Chongming Island World Cup, that was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup until 2015. From 2016, only the stage race was held, part of the new UCI Women's World Tour. The 2020, 2021 and 2022 editions of the race were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China.

Stages take place on the islands of Chongming and Changxing in the Yangtze estuary over mostly flat routes, with Cycling News calling the race a "sprinters paradise".
Tropicoporus tropicalis
Tropicoporus tropicalis is a mushroom of the family Hymenochaetaceae. Tropicoporus tropicalis is a wood-decaying basidiomycetes that rarely causes disease in animals and human, and is commonly found in humid climate such as Brazil. In its natural environment, the fungus is associated with white rot woody angiosperms, and has its annual fruiting body on tree trunks and branches. Tropicoporus tropicalis has two kinds of hyphae (a dimitic hyphal system), generative and skeletal, that lack clamp connections.

Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments.
Paper Moon (film)
Paper Moon is a 1973 American road comedy-drama film directed by Peter Bogdanovich and released by Paramount Pictures. Screenwriter Alvin Sargent adapted the script from the 1971 novel Addie Pray by Joe David Brown. The film, shot in black-and-white, is set in Kansas and Missouri during the Great Depression. It stars the real-life father and daughter pairing of Ryan and Tatum O'Neal as protagonists Moze and Addie.

Tatum O'Neal received widespread praise from critics for her performance as Addie, earning her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, making her the youngest competitive winner in the history of the Academy Awards.

Ford Model 48
The Ford Model 48 was a car produced by Ford Motor Company. It was an update on Ford's V8-powered Model 40A, the company's main product. Introduced in 1935, the Model 48 was given a cosmetic refresh annually, begetting the 1937 Ford before being thoroughly redesigned for 1941. The 1935 Ford's combination of price, practicality, and looks vaulted the company ahead of rival Chevrolet for the sales crown that year, with 820,000 sold.
Sir Valentine Browne
Sir Valentine Browne (died 1589), of Croft, Lincolnshire, was auditor, treasurer and victualler of Berwick-upon-Tweed. He acquired large estates in Ireland during the Plantation of Munster, in particular the seignory of Molahiffe. He lived at Ross Castle near Killarney, County Kerry. He was MP in three English and one Irish parliaments.

Hoxton
Hoxton is an area in the London Borough of Hackney, England. It was historically in the county of Middlesex until 1889. Hoxton lies north-east of the City of London, is considered to be a part of London's East End and was once part of the civil parish and subsequent Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch, prior to its incorporation into Hackney.

The area is generally considered to be bordered by Regent's Canal on the north side, Wharf Road and City Road to the west, Old Street to the south, and Kingsland Road to the east.
Pons (crater)
Pons is a lunar impact crater that is located to the west of the prominent Rupes Altai scarp. It was named after French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons. It lies to the southeast of the crater Sacrobosco, and southwest of Polybius. To the northwest along the same flank of the formation is the crater Fermat.

The rim of Pons has an elongated shape, extending further along a northeast-southwest axis than in the perpendicular direction. The outer wall is irregular and notched, especially at the northeastern end, where it is partially overlain by the satellite crater Pons D and several smaller formations. The interior is uneven, with low ridges projecting from the north and southeastern rims.

Polybius (crater)
Polybius is a lunar impact crater in the southeast part of the Moon, and is named after ancient Greek historian Polybius. It is located to the south-southeast of the larger crater Catharina, in the area framed by the Rupes Altai scarp. Some distance to the northeast is the Mare Nectaris, with the flooded craters Beaumont and Fracastorius.

The crater rim of Polybius appears slightly distended in the northeast, and has a cut through the northern wall. But the wall is otherwise moderately intact with only minor erosion. The interior floor is flat and almost featureless, with no central rise. To the south and east, a ray from Tycho cuts across the bowl-shaped Polybius A and Polybius B craterlets.
Pirasafneh
Pirasafneh (Persian: پيراسفنه, also Romanized as Pīrāsafneh and Pīr Esfaneh) is a village in Vardasht Rural District, in the Central District of Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 31 families.

Vardasht Rural District
Vardasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان وردشت) is in Vardasht District of Semirom County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Varaq. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Fathabad.
Encolpius
Encolpius is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1900. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Argentina, Venezuela, and Brazil: E. albobarbatus, E. fimbriatus, and E. guaraniticus.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Lahn-Dill-Kreis
Lahn-Dill is a Kreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Siegen-Wittgenstein, Marburg-Biedenkopf, Gießen, Wetteraukreis, Hochtaunuskreis, Limburg-Weilburg, Westerwaldkreis.

Giessen (district)
Giessen (Landkreis Giessen in German) (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsən]) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hessen, Germany. Neighboring districts are Marburg-Biedenkopf, Vogelsbergkreis, Wetteraukreis, and Lahn-Dill.