hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gouache
Gouache (/ɡuˈɑːʃ, ɡwɑːʃ/; French: [ɡwaʃ]), body color, or opaque watercolor is a water-medium paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a long history, having been used for at least twelve centuries. It is used most consistently by commercial artists for posters, illustrations, comics, and other design work.

Gouache is similar to watercolor in that it can be rewetted and dried to a matte finish, and the paint can become infused into its paper support. It is similar to acrylic or oil paints in that it is normally used in an opaque painting style and it can form a superficial layer. Many manufacturers of watercolor paints also produce gouache, and the two can easily be used together.

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
Kuwabara Castle
Kuwabara Castle (桑原城, Kuwabara-jō), also known as Takatoya Castle and Suisho Castle, is a yamashiro (castle located on a mountain) situated in Suwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The castle was constructed sometime in the fifteenth century by the Kuwabara clan. By the time it came under the control of the Suwa clan, it had become a satellite castle to Uehara Castle. When forces of the Takeda clan arrived in the area in 1542, the lord of Uehara Castle, Suwa Yorishige, retreated to Kuwabara Castle, which was soon surrounded by Takeda soldiers. The castle fell after a two-day siege. Yorishige and his two brothers were taken to Kofu. A month later, they were forced to commit seppuku.

Suwa, Nagano
Suwa (諏訪市, Suwa-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2019, the city had an estimated population of 48,972 in 20698 households, and a population density of 452 persons per km². The total area of the city is 109.17 square kilometres (42.15 sq mi).
Ranchi Science Centre
Ranchi Science Centre is the first science centre in the state of Jharkhand in India, under Jharkhand Council on Science & Technology (JCST) of Department of Science & Technology, Government of Jharkhand (GOJ). The centre comprises two storied building that houses three permanent thematic galleries of covered area 42,000 square meter on an area of 13 acre land, provided by Government of Jharkhand, at Chiraundi village, Morhabadi near the Tagore Hill adjacent to Ranchi town at a capital cost of Rs. 87.5 crore or $1,374,494 which has been shared equally by Government of Jharkhand and Government of India. The science centre has been developed by the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), a wing of Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India. The centre was inaugurated by the chief minister Arjun Munda on 29 November 2010.

National Council of Science Museums
National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) is an autonomous scientific organization functioning under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India for science communication through its network of science museums or science centres spread across India. It is the largest chain of science centers/museums under a single administrative umbrella in the world. There are 24 own science centers or museums and one R & D laboratory and training centre. The NCSM has been built to co-ordinate all informal science communication activities in the museum space in the country.
Taphrina wiesneri
Taphrina wiesneri is a plant pathogen causing witch's broom, or plant gall formations, on cherry trees (Prunus & Cerasus spp). It is an important pest species of the ornamental cherry Cerasus X yedoensis in Japan.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Ryan Owens (cyclist)
Ryan Owens (born 29 September 1995) is a British former track cyclist, specialising in sprint events, who represented Great Britain and England at international competitions. He won a silver medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in the team sprint alongside Jack Carlin and Jason Kenny.

British Cycling
British Cycling (formerly the British Cycling Federation) is the main national governing body for cycle sport in Great Britain. It administers most competitive cycling in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. It represents Britain at the world body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and selects national teams, including the Great Britain (GB) Cycling Team for races in Britain and abroad. As of 2020, it has a total membership of 165,000.

It is based at the National Cycling Centre on the site of the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
Jean Jacques Vioget
Jean Jacques Vioget (1794–1855), known in Spanish as Don Juan Vioget, originally from Switzerland, was a surveyor and sea captain, who came to California in 1837. He made the first survey and map of Yerba Buena (which later was re-named San Francisco) in 1839.  He worked for John Sutter and later moved to San Jose. He was also an artist, violinist, and spoke multiple languages.

John Sutter
John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Sutter and known in Spanish as Don Juan Sutter, was a Swiss immigrant who became a Mexican and later an American citizen, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. His employee James W. Marshall discovered gold, leading to the founding of the mill-making team at Sutter's Mill. Sutter, however, saw his own business ventures fail during the California gold rush, though those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter Jr., were more successful.
Krajanka
Krajanka [kraˈjanka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czastary, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Czastary, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Wieruszów, and 102 km (63 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Czastary
Czastary ([t͡ʂasˈtarɨ]) is a village in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czastary. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) east of Wieruszów and 99 km (62 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Strangers' Home for Asiatics, Africans and South Sea Islanders
The Strangers' Home for Asiatics, Africans and South Sea Islanders (opened 1857) was a residential home in West India Dock Road, in the Limehouse district of London, that provided accommodation for Asian and black sailors (lascars), acted as a "repatriation centre" and was a platform for Christian missionary activity.

Limehouse
Limehouse is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It is 3.9 miles (6.3 km) east of Charing Cross, on the northern bank of the River Thames. Its proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as The Grapes and Limehouse Stairs.

The area gives its name to Limehouse Reach, a section of the Thames which runs south to Millwall after making a right-angled bend at Cuckold's Point, Rotherhithe. The west-to-east section upstream of Cuckold's Point is properly called the Lower Pool.
Lingdangge Subdistrict
Lingdangge Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 铃铛阁街道; traditional Chinese: 鈴鐺閣街道; pinyin: Língdānggé Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located at the south end of Hongqiao District, Tianjin, China. It borders Jieyuan Subdistrict in the north, Gulou Subdistrict in the east, Guangkai Subdistrict in the south, and Changhong Subdistrict in the south and west. As of 2010, it had a population of 39157.

The subdistrict was founded in 1998. the name Lingdangge (Chinese: 铃铛阁; lit. 'Bell Chamber') comes from a Buddhist Temple that used to exist within the region until 1892. The name is often pronounced as "Lingdanggao" among the locals.

Guangkai Subdistrict
Guangkai Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 广开街道; traditional Chinese: 廣開街道; pinyin: Guǎngkāi Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the northern part of Nankai District, Tianjin, China. It borders Lingdangge Subdistrict to its north, Gulou and Xingnan Subdistircts to its east, Wanxing Subdistrict to its south, and Changhong Subdistrict to its west. In the year 2010, the subdistrict was home to 73,299 residents.
GWR 4073 Class 7028 Cadbury Castle
Number 7028 Cadbury Castle was a Great Western Railway 4073 Castle class 4-6-0 steam locomotive built at the former GWR Swindon Works on 19 May 1950. The Castle Class locomotives were built as express passenger locomotives on the GWR. The Castle Class locomotives were to replace the earlier 4000 Star class locomotives. They were designed by the railway's Chief Mechanical Engineer, Charles Collett. Cadbury Castle cost £10,546 and an extra £1,094 for her Hawksworth tender.

4-6-0
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the absence of trailing wheels.

In the mid-19th century, this wheel arrangement became the second-most-popular configuration for new steam locomotives in the United States, where this type is commonly referred to as a Ten-wheeler. As locomotives pulling trains of lightweight all-wood passenger cars from the 1890 to the 1920s, they were exceptionally stable at near 100 mph (160 km/h) speeds on the New York Central's New York-to-Chicago Water Level Route and on the Reading Railroad's line from Camden to Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Vera Kalitskaya
Vera Pavlovna Kalitskaya (or Vera Pavlovna Abramova-Kalitskaya; née Abramova; pseudonym V. Alien; April 21, 1882, St.Petersburg — May 14, 1951 Leningrad) was a Russian and Soviet writer and publicist, editor, and author of children's, popular science books and memoirs. She was a member of the Leningrad City Committee of Writers and worked as a chemist in the analytical laboratory of the Geological Committee and the All-Russian Oil Research Geological Prospecting Institute.

Samuil Marshak
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (alternative spelling: Marchak) (Russian: Самуил Яковлевич Маршак; 3 November [O.S. 22 October] 1887 – 4 July 1964) was a Soviet writer of Belarusian Jewish origin, translator and poet who wrote for both children and adults. He translated the sonnets and some other of the works of William Shakespeare, English poetry (including poems for children), and poetry from other languages. Maxim Gorky proclaimed Marshak to be "the founder of Russia's (Soviet) children's literature".
U.S. Route 331
U.S. Route 331 is a spur of U.S. Route 31.  It currently runs for 151 miles (243 km) from Montgomery, Alabama at U.S. Route 80 and U.S. Route 82 to Santa Rosa Beach, Florida east of Fort Walton Beach at U.S. Route 98. Unlike U.S. Route 131, U.S. Route 231, and U.S. Route 431, U.S. 331 never intersects with its "parent" route, U.S. Route 31; the two routes come within 4 miles (6.4 km) of each other in Montgomery.

U.S. Route 431
U.S. Route 431 (US 431) is a spur of U.S. Route 31. It currently travels for approximately 556 miles (895 km) from US 231/Alabama State Route 210 and US 231 Business (US 231 Bus.) and US 431 Bus. in Dothan, Alabama, to Owensboro, Kentucky, at US 60 and Kentucky Route 2831. The major cities US 431 connects to (from south to north) are Dothan and Huntsville, Alabama, Franklin and  Nashville, Tennessee, and Owensboro, Kentucky.
Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will
Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will is a 2023 nonfiction book by American neuroendocrinology researcher Robert Sapolsky concerning the neurological evidence for or against free will. Sapolsky generally concludes that our choices are determined by our genetics, experience, and environment, and that the common use of the term "free will" is erroneous. The book also examines the "ethical consequences of justice and punishment" in a model of human behavior that dispenses with free will.

Jessica Riskin
Jessica G. Riskin is a historian of science and Frances and Charles Field Professor of History at Stanford University in the United States. From 2018-2024 she was the Jean-Paul Gimon Director of the France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at Stanford.
Gridley Street Historic District
The Gridley Street Historic District is a one-square-block commercial historic district on the edge of the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts.  It is bounded by High, Pearl, Purchase and Congress Streets, and was developed in the aftermath of the Great Boston Fire of 1872.  The district includes the previously-listed Richardson Block, as well as the Henry Willis Building (169-177 Purchase Street), both built immediately after the fire, as well as the Western Union Building (a 1930 Art Deco high-rise), and the Bradley and Woodruff Block, a Romanesque Revival structure.  The moderate scale of these buildings (which are dwarfed by the modern skyscrapers of adjacent blocks) typifies the post-fire development period.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Financial District, Boston
The Financial District of Boston is located in Downtown Boston, near Government Center and Chinatown.

Like many areas within Boston, the Financial District has no official definition.  It is roughly bounded by Atlantic Avenue, State Street, and Devonshire Street.  Parts of the Financial District are in various USPS postal ZIP Codes, including 02108, 02109, 02110, and 02111.
La Carlota, Negros Occidental
La Carlota, officially the City of La Carlota, (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang La Carlota; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa La Carlota; Filipino: Lungsod ng La Carlota), is a  component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 67,740 people, making it the least populous city in the province.

Canlaon
Canlaon, officially the City of Canlaon  (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Canlaon; Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa sang Canlaon; Filipino: Lungsod ng Canlaon), is a  component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 62,785 people.
Street of Dreams (Grant Green album)
Street of Dreams is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1964 and released on the Blue Note label. The street signs featured on the cover photo are at an actual street corner in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco. Green is heard with organist Larry Young, vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson and drummer Elvin Jones.

The Golden Apple (musical)
The Golden Apple is a musical in two acts with music by Jerome Moross and both book and lyrics by John Treville Latouche. The musical's story is based on parts of the Iliad and Odyssey. The musical premiered Off-Broadway in 1954 and then transferred to Broadway.
Janne M. Sjödahl
Janne Mattson Sjödahl (29 November 1853 – 23 June 1939) was a Swedish convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and was the author of influential commentaries on LDS Church scriptures. Sjödahl was among the first commentators to advance a "limited geography model" for the theorized geography of the Book of Mormon.

Apostle (Latter Day Saints)
In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a "special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others." In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. In many churches, apostles may be members of the Quorum of the Twelve and First Presidency of the church. In most Latter Day Saint churches, modern-day apostles are considered to have the same status and authority as the Biblical apostles.

In the Latter Day Saint tradition, apostles and prophets are believed to be the foundation of the church, Jesus Christ himself being the chief cornerstone. The "Articles of Faith", written by Joseph Smith, mentions apostles:

"We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth."
Austjøkulen
Austjøkulen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about seven kilometers. The glacier drains to the north into Mendeleevbreen, and to the south into Vasil'evbreen. It is located east of the mountain ridge of Bredichinryggen, and west of the ridge Isryggen.

Vasil'evbreen
Vasil'evbreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has an extension of about twenty kilometers, with several tributary glaciers. It is named after Russian astronomer Alexandr Semenovich Vasil'ev. The glacier has a wide front facing towards the eastern shore of Spitsbergen, including the bay of Isbukta. The southern part of Vasil'evbreen is called Randbreen, located north of Istoppane and Dumskolten, and south of Søre Randberget.
Kolliphor EL
Kolliphor EL, formerly known as Cremophor EL, is the registered trademark of BASF Corp. for its version of polyethoxylated castor oil.  It is prepared by reacting 35 moles of ethylene oxide with each mole of castor oil. The resulting product is a mixture (CAS number 61791-12-6): the major component is the material in which the hydroxyl groups of the castor oil triglyceride have been ethoxylated with ethylene oxide to form polyethylene glycol ethers. Minor components are the polyethyelene glycol esters of ricinoleic acid, polyethylene glycols and polyethylene glycol ethers of glycerol. Kolliphor EL is a synthetic, nonionic surfactant used to stabilize emulsions of nonpolar materials in water.

Kolliphor EL is an excipient or additive in drugs. Therapeutically, modern drugs are rarely given in a pure chemical state, so most active ingredients are combined with excipients or additives such as Kolliphor EL.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
Sonnet 43
William Shakespeare's Sonnet 43 employs antithesis and paradox to highlight the speaker's yearning for his beloved and sadness in (most likely) their absence, and confusion about the situation described in the previous three sonnets. Sonnet 27 similarly deals with night, sleep, and dreams.

Sonnet 27
Sonnet 27 is one of 154 sonnets published by William Shakespeare in a quarto titled Shakespeare's Sonnets in 1609. It is a part of the Fair Youth group of sonnets, and the first in a group of five sonnets that portray the poet in solitude and meditating from a distance on the young man.  A theme of the first two of the group (sonnets 27 - 28) regards the night and restlessness, which is a motif also found in the sonnets of Petrarch.
Corps colours of the Luftwaffe (1935–1945)
Corps colours, or troop-function colours (ge: Waffenfarben) were worn in the German Luftwaffe from 1935 until 1945, in order to distinguish between several branches, special services, corps, rank groups, and appointments of the ministerial area, the general staff, and the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW). The corps colours were part of the uniform piping, gorget patches, shoulder straps, arabesque and lampasse ornaments of general and flag officers. They were also part of heraldic flags, colours, standards, and guidons.

In the Luftwaffe, there was a strictly defined system of corps colours for collar patches, piping, and coloured edging around the shoulder boards or straps. The chevrons on special clothes for Luftwaffe personnel, e.g. flight suits and jumpsuits, also showed corps colours.

Lampasse
Lampasse(s) (German: Lampasse(n)) are trouser stripes adorning the dress uniforms of many armed forces, police, fire and other public uniformed services. In German-speaking countries the uniforms of  general staff–qualified officers featured distinctive double-wide lampasses.

For a comparable feature of civilian dress, see galloon.

Ancient Scythians often decorated the seams of their trousers with lampasse-like elements,
but the modern fad for lampasses originated in civilian fashion in the early years of the 19th century and soon passed into military use - by 1815 in Prussia, for example.
Sutlej Channel
Sutlej Channel is a channel or strait on the north sides of Broughton Island and North Broughton Island, or the Broughton Archipelago of the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  The channel separates those islands from the adjacent mainland and includes Greenway Sound.  It was named for HMS Sutlej.

Broughton Island (British Columbia)
Broughton Island is an island in the Broughton Archipelago of the Queen Charlotte Strait area of the Central Coast of British Columbia, northwest of Gilford Island.

Broughton Lagoon is a shallow inlet on its north side, at 50°50′02″N 126°41′40″W﻿ / ﻿50.83389°N 126.69444°W﻿ / 50.83389; -126.69444﻿ (Broughton Lagoon)

To the north is North Broughton Island.
Clive Parker
Clive Parker (born 1960) also known as Clive Parker-Sharp, is an English drummer, active in the punk, post-punk and new wave genres. He was a member of the bands The Members, Spizzenergi/Athletico Spizz 80, Big Country, and Scary Thieves. He went on to play with John Moore (Jesus and Mary Chain) in The Expressway.

Parker had his own bands The Planets, Lopez & the Waveriders, Kingfishers Catch Fire, Holy Trinity, Barra (Sony-ATV/English Garden Records), and electronic guitar duo Marshall Star. He went on to production and management, forming his own small record label (Furry Records UK)

In 1992, Parker had a minor dance hit with UK soul singer, Kasie Sharp, co-writing as part of the pop dance production team One Horse Man, who were also released by Arcade Records in Europe.

Opening act
An opening act, also known as a warm-up act, support act, supporting act or opener, is an entertainment act (musical, comedic, or otherwise), that performs at a concert before the featured act, or "headliner". Rarely, an opening act may perform again at the end of the event, or perform with the featured act after both have had a set to themselves.

The opening act's performance serves to "warm up" the audience, making it appropriately excited and enthusiastic for the headliner.