hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Comhairle nan Eilean Siar election
Elections to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Western Isles Council) were held on 3 May 2012, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. The election was the second one using the nine wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004. Each ward elected three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system: a form of proportional representation. A total of 31 councillors were elected.

Independent councillors retained the large majority of seats on the council and retained control of the administration. The Scottish National Party increased their representation, gaining four seats on the Isle of Lewis while losing one seat on Barra. The Scottish Labour Party also gained an additional seat.

2012 Scottish local elections
The 2012 Scottish local elections were held on 3 May 2012 in all 32 local authorities. The Scottish National Party (SNP) overtook Labour to win the highest share of the vote, and retained and strengthened its position as the party with most councillors. Labour also made gains, while the Liberal Democrats experienced meltdown, losing over half their seats and falling behind the Conservatives.  For the first time since the introduction of the Single Transferable Vote system, the SNP won majority control of 2 councils, from no overall control. Labour also won majority control of 2 councils from no overall control, while retaining majority control over 2 councils.

Independent councillors retained majority control over the 3 island councils.  The 23 other councils remained under no overall control.
Point Danger (Portland)
Point Danger is a headland on the coast of south-western Victoria, Australia.  It lies at the western end of Portland Bay, on the northern side of Bass Strait, about 6 km south-south-east of the city of Portland.  Cape Nelson lies 2.5 km to the south-west and the Lawrence Rocks 2 km to the south-east.

Portland, Victoria
Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is a city in Victoria, Australia, and is the oldest European settlement in the state. It is also the main urban centre in the Shire of Glenelg and is located on Portland Bay. As of the 2021 census the population was 10,016, increasing from a population of 9,712 taken at the 2016 census.
Ljusdal
Ljusdal (Swedish: [ˈjʉ̌ːsdal]) is a locality and the seat of Ljusdal Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 6,230 inhabitants in 2010.

Ljusdal is situated on Riksväg 83 which runs between   Tönnebro   in Söderhamn Municipality  in Gävleborg County and Ånge in Västernorrland County. It is located beside the river Ljusnan which goes from Bruksvallarna to the Gulf of Bothnia.
Ljusdal is noted for having hosted the annual Bandy World Cup in the sport of bandy from 1974 to 2008.

Three Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland situated in Ljusdal Municipality were inscribed in 2012 on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland
The Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland (Swedish: Världsarvet Hälsingegårdar) is a World Heritage Site inscribed on 1 July 2012 as Sweden's fifteenth entry on the list. Seven farmhouses erected in the 19th century were eventually selected to represent the most distinguished and well preserved examples of local architectural and decorative tradition.

Preparations for a nomination began during the 1990s. The initial nomination was a heterogeneous collection of farmhouses and environments connected to agrarian culture in Hälsingland. Fifteen sites, including an entire village were represented. The first nomination was rejected at the conference in Sevilla in 2009, with the suggestion of curating a narrower selection of sites. In the second and successful nomination, there was a pronounced focus on local traditions on decoratively painted interiors, as reflected by the World Heritage Site's english title Decorated farmhouses of Hälsingland.
Alkmaarderhout
Alkmaarderhout, locally known as "De Hout" (Dutch for "the wood(s)"), in a city park in Alkmaar, North Holland, Netherlands. The park is one of the oldest city parks in the Netherlands, dating from 1607.

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.

Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of field.

Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. By incorporating index of refraction in its definition, NA has the property that it is constant for a beam as it goes from one material to another, provided there is no refractive power at the interface (e.g., a flat interface). The exact definition of the term varies slightly between different areas of optics. Numerical aperture is commonly used in microscopy to describe the acceptance cone of an objective (and hence its light-gathering ability and  resolution), and in fiber optics, in which it describes the range of angles within which light that is incident on the fiber will be transmitted along it.
2015 Ağrı Challenger
The 2015 Ağrı Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Ağrı, Turkey between 28 September and 4 October 2015.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Karakol (Chu basin)
Karakol (Kazakh: Қаракөл) is a lake in the Moiynkum District, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake is located 23 kilometers (14 mi) to the east of Ulanbel village. Although the lake water is somewhat bitter, it can be used for watering livestock grazing in the surrounding area.

Ulanbel
Ulanbel (Kazakh: Ұланбел) is a village in Moiynkum District, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Ulanbel Rural District (KATO code - 315647100). Population: 1,047 (2009 census results); 1,455 (1999 census results).
1968 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Two-time defending champion Billie Jean King defeated Judy Tegart in the final, 9–7, 7–5 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1968 Wimbledon Championships. It was her third Wimbledon singles title and fifth major singles title overall. It was the first edition of Wimbledon open to professional players, marking a period in tennis history known as the Open Era.

1968 Wimbledon Championships
The 1968 Wimbledon Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 24 June until Saturday 6 July 1968. It was the 82nd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1968.

This tournament started the Open Era for Wimbledon, as it became the second Grand Slam tournament to offer prize money and allow professionals to compete after the 1968 French Open. Singles champions Rod Laver and Billie Jean King had already won Wimbledon twice before in the amateur era.
Gene Barretta
Gene Barretta (born September 9, 1960) is an American children's book author and illustrator, animator and character designer.

Barretta graduated from Doane Academy in 1978 and was the school's commencement speaker in 2017. He graduated from New York University: Tisch School of Arts with a BFA in film studies. He currently lives with his son outside of Philadelphia. Gene is also the older brother of Muppet performer, writer and director, Bill Barretta.

Bill Barretta
William Barretta is an American puppeteer, producer, writer, director, and actor, best known for his involvement with the Muppets. He performs the Muppet characters Pepe the King Prawn, Bobo the Bear, Johnny Fiama, Rowlf the Dog, The Swedish Chef, and Dr. Teeth. He originated the role of Louie, Elmo's dad, on Sesame Street.
Planning and Compensation Act 1991
The Planning and Compensation Act 1991 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom to amend the law relating to town and country planning.

It was intended to extend the powers to acquire by agreement land which may be affected by carrying out public works, to amend the law relating to compulsory acquisition of land and to compensation where persons are displaced from land or the value of land or its enjoyment may be affected by public works, to provide, in the case of compensation payable in respect of things done in the exercise of statutory powers, for advance payments and payments in interest, and to repeal Part X of the Highways Act 1980.

Highways Act 1980
The Highways Act 1980 (c. 66) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom dealing with the management and operation of the road network in England and Wales. It consolidated with amendments several earlier pieces of legislation. Many amendments relate only to changes of highway authority, to include new unitary councils and national parks. By virtue of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 and the Environment Act 1995, most references to local authority are taken to also include Welsh councils and national park authorities.

By virtue of the National Assembly for Wales (Transfer of Functions) Order 1999 most references to 'the Minister' are taken to include the Senedd. The act is split into 14 parts covering 345 sections, it also includes 25 schedules.
Gari Ledyard
Gari Keith Ledyard (1932 – October 29, 2021) was an American Koreanist who was Sejong Professor of Korean History Emeritus at Columbia University. He is best known for his work on the history of the Hangul alphabet.

ʼPhags-pa script
The Phagspa (/ˈpɑːɡzˌpɑː/ PAHGZ-PAH),  ʼPhags-pa or ḥPʻags-pa script is an alphabet designed by the Tibetan monk and State Preceptor (later Imperial Preceptor) Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) for Kublai Khan (r. 1264–1294), the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) in China, as a unified script for the written languages within the Yuan. The actual use of this script was limited to about a hundred years during the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, and it fell out of use with the advent of the Ming dynasty.

The script was used to write and transcribe varieties of Chinese, the Tibetic languages, Mongolian, the Uyghur language, Sanskrit, probably Persian, and other neighboring languages during the Yuan era. For historical linguists, its use provides clues about changes in these languages.

Its descendant systems include Horizontal square script, used to write Tibetan and Sanskrit. During the Pax Mongolica the script even made numerous appearances in Western medieval art.
Cynanchum elegans
Cynanchum elegans, the white-flowered wax plant, is a plant species in the genus Cynanchum found in New South Wales in Australia. It is a threatened species.

It was first described by George Bentham in 1868 as Vincetoxicum elegans, from two specimens: one collected by Woolls and the other by "Miss Scott" (either Helena or Harriet). It was assigned to the genus, Cynanchum, in 1928 by Karel Domin.

Cynanchum
Cynanchum is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek kynos (meaning "dog") and anchein ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most species are non-succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of toxicity.
Albrecht Adam
Albrecht Adam (16 April 1786 – 28 August 1862) was a Bavarian painter, who accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte during the 1812 Russian campaign. He was attached as an official artist to the Bavarian contingent in Bonaparte's Grande Armée. Throughout the campaign he sketched, painted and depicted an important record of the campaign to Moscow. In his memoirs he described the carnage of Borodino and late into his career he was still painting battle scenes from the Napoleonic period. He became a well-known equine artist, a legacy continued by his grandson, Emil Adam.

Battle of Novara (1849)
The Battle of Novara (or Battle of Bicocca; Bicocca being a borough of Novara) was one of the battles fought between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia during the First Italian War of Independence, within the era of Italian unification. Lasting the whole day of 22 March 1849 and ending at dawn on 23 March, it resulted in a severe defeat and retreat of the Piedmontese (Sardinian) army.
Berry–Esseen theorem
In probability theory, the central limit theorem states that, under certain circumstances, the probability distribution of the scaled mean of a random sample converges to a normal distribution as the sample size increases to infinity. Under stronger assumptions, the Berry–Esseen theorem, or Berry–Esseen inequality, gives a more quantitative result, because it also specifies the rate at which this convergence takes place by giving a bound on the maximal error of approximation between the normal distribution and the true distribution of the scaled sample mean. The approximation is measured by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance. In the case of independent samples, the convergence rate is n−1/2, where n is the sample size, and the constant is estimated in terms of the third absolute normalized moment. It is also possible to give non-uniform bounds which become more strict for more extreme events.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
2025 Northern Colorado Bears football team
The 2025 Northern Colorado Bears football team represented the University of Northern Colorado as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Bears were led by third-year head coach Ed Lamb and played at Nottingham Field in Greeley, Colorado.

Nottingham Field
Nottingham Field is an 8,533-seat multi-purpose stadium in the Western United States, located on the campus of the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado. It is home to the Northern Colorado Bears football and track and field programs.
History of medicine in France
The history of medicine in France focuses on how the medical profession and medical institutions in France have changed over time.  Early medicine in France was defined by, and administered by, the Catholic church. Medicine and care were one of the many charitable ventures of the church. During the era of the French Revolution, new ideas took hold within the world of medicine and medicine was made more scientific and the hospitals were made more medical. Paris Medicine is a term defining the series of changes to the hospital and care received with a hospital that occurred during the period of the French Revolution.  Ideas from the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution were introduced into the medical field.

René Laennec
René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laennec (French: [laɛnɛk]; 17 February 1781 – 13 August 1826) was a French medical doctor and musician. His skill at carving his own wooden flutes led him to invent the stethoscope in 1816, while working at the Hôpital Necker. He pioneered its use in diagnosing various chest conditions.
He became a lecturer at the Collège de France in 1822 and professor of medicine in 1823. His final appointments were that of head of the medical clinic at the Hôpital de la Charité and professor at the Collège de France.  He went into a coma and subsequently died of tuberculosis on 13 August 1826, at age 45.
Myanmar Maritime Trade Unions Federation
The Myanmar Maritime Trade Unions Federation, formerly known as Seafarers Union of Burma (SUB) is a trade union in Myanmar. It represents an estimated 20,000-30,000 workers in the international shipping industry, many of whom work on Flag of Convenience ships and suffer from poor work and pay conditions.

Founded in 1991 by the Burmese seafarers who are in trouble and get contact with the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF) and its affiliated maritime unions around the world and supported by the Federation of Trade Unions of Burma (FTUB) in opposition to the government sanctioned "Myanmar Overseas Seafarers Association" (MOSA), SUB remains banned in Burma (Myanmar) but is recognized as the legitimate representative of Burmese sailors by other maritime unions, and is affiliated with Confederation of Trade Unions, Myanmar and a member of the International Transport Workers' Federation.

International Transport Workers' Federation
The International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) is a democratic global union federation of transport workers' trade unions, founded in 1896. In 2017 the ITF had 677 member organizations in 149 countries, representing a combined membership of 19.7 million transport workers in all industrial transport sectors: civil aviation, dockers, inland navigation, seafarers, road transport, railways, fisheries, urban transport  and tourism. The ITF represents the interests of transport workers' unions in bodies that take decisions affecting jobs, employment conditions or safety in the transport industry.
Al-Zarah
Al-Zarah (Arabic: الزارة, romanized: al-Zārah, also spelled Zara) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of Homs. Nearby localities include district center Talkalakh to the south, Aridah to the southeast, Hadidah to the east, al-Husn and Anaz to the northeast, Zweitinah to the north, Tell Hawsh to the northwest, Naarah to the west and Halat to the southwest.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Zarah had a population of 4,336 in the 2004 census. It is second largest locality in the Talkalakh nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 40 localities with a collective population of 62,069 in 2004. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Naarah, Syria
Na'arah (Arabic: نعرة) is a village in northern Syria located west of Homs in the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Na'arah had a population of 2,337 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
Teletubbies say "Eh-oh!"
"Teletubbies say 'Eh-oh!'" is a single recorded by the Teletubbies. It is a remix of the theme song from the BBC children's television series Teletubbies. The song contains two nursery rhymes: the Teletubbies hum along to "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep" and the flowers from Teletubbyland sing "Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary".

The single reached number one on the UK singles chart for two weeks in December 1997. It remained in the top 100 for a total of 41 weeks and sold well enough to be certified double platinum. It was also a hit in Ireland, peaking at number two. In 1998, a Dutch version titled "Teletubbies zeggen 'A-Oh!'" was released in the Netherlands, where it reached number 12. The Teletubbies have not had another such hit, making them a one-hit wonder.

Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary
"Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary" is an English nursery rhyme. The rhyme has been seen as having religious and historical significance, but its origins and meaning are disputed. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19626.
Crewed Mars rover
Crewed Mars rovers (also called manned Mars rovers) are Mars rovers for transporting people on the planet Mars, and have been conceptualized as part of human missions to that planet.

Two types of crewed Mars rovers are unpressurized for a crew in Mars space suits, and pressurized for the crew to work without a space suit. Pressurized rovers have been envisioned for short trips from a Mars base, or may be equipped as a mobile base or laboratory.

Crewed Mars rovers are a component of many designs for a human mission to the planet Mars. For example, the Austere Human Missions to Mars proposal included two rovers on its uncrewed power and logistics cargo lander. Each rover could hold a crew of two in a pressurized environment, with power coming from a Stirling radioisotope generator.

Austere Human Missions to Mars
Austere Human Missions to Mars is a concept for a human mission to Mars by the United States space agency, NASA. Released in 2009, it proposed a modified and even less costly version of Design Reference Architecture (DRA) 5.0, itself a combination of nearly 20 years of Mars planning design work. The mission profile was for a conjunction class with a long surface stay, pre-deployed cargo, aerocapture and propulsive capture, and some in-situ resource production. As of 2015, the concept had not yet been adapted to the Space Launch System that replaced NASA's Constellation program in 2011.
Brainard Homestead State Park
Brainard Homestead State Park, and alternatively Brainerd Homestead State Park, is a 25-acre (10 ha) undeveloped state park located in the town of East Haddam, Connecticut, United States. A farmhouse was built on the site by Timothy Green in 1842 before being purchased by Selden Tyler Brainerd in March 1854. The ownership of the property was willed to Geraldine W. Hayden. Upon her death in 1929, the property was willed to the State of Connecticut with the condition that William Brainerd be able to use the property for life. William Brainerd died in 1936, the buildings were later dismantled, but the Brainard Homestead State Park was established prior to May 1, 1932. The undeveloped park is said to offer bird watching, sports fields and hiking according to the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. As of 2012, the fields were noted to be farmed and there were no established trails for hiking.

East Haddam, Connecticut
East Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 8,875 at the time of the 2020 census. It includes summer resorts, historical sites, and natural areas.