hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defensive gun use
Defensive gun use (DGU) is the use or presentation of a firearm for self-defense, defense of others or, in some cases, protecting property. The frequency of incidents involving DGU and their effectiveness in providing safety and reducing crime are controversial issues in gun politics and criminology, chiefly in the United States.: 64  Different authors and studies employ different criteria for what constitutes a defensive gun use which leads to controversy in comparing statistical results. Perceptions of  defensive gun use are recurring themes in discussions over gun rights, gun control, armed police, open and concealed carry of firearms.

Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
Stockdale v Hansard
Stockdale v Hansard (1839) 9 Ad & El 1 is a United Kingdom constitutional law case in which the Parliament of the United Kingdom unsuccessfully challenged the common law of parliamentary privilege, leading to legislative reform.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Witness Insecurity (TV series)
Witness Insecurity (護花危情) is a modern TV drama produced by TVB and starring Linda Chung and Bosco Wong. The series was originally announced to be a spin-off of the 2011 series Yes, Sir. Sorry, Sir! featuring the popular character "Miss Cool" portrayed by Chung. A costume fitting press conference was held on 21 November 2011 at Tseung Kwan O TVB City Studio One Common Room at 12:30PM.

Yes, Sir. Sorry, Sir!
Yes, Sir. Sorry, Sir! (Cantonese: 點解阿Sir係阿Sir[a]), is a 2011 Hong Kong television drama starring Moses Chan, Linda Chung, Tavia Yeung, and Ron Ng produced by Lau Kar Ho. Yes Sir. Sorry, Sir! is a TVB production.

"阿Sir" is a way to address both teachers and policemen. The meaning of the title is "So it turns out '阿Sir'(teacher) was an '阿Sir'(policeman)".
Supplementary Homicide Reports
Supplementary Homicide Reports (abbreviated SHR) is a database of homicides in the United States maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as part of its Uniform Crime Reports program. The database consists of detailed reports of homicides reported to the FBI by local law enforcement agencies in 49 states and the District of Columbia. The only state that does not participate is Florida, which records homicides in a separate tally that is included in a separate spreadsheet online.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Neyagawa, Osaka
Neyagawa (寝屋川市, Neyagawa-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2022, the city had an estimated population of 228,802 in 111,545 households and a population density of 9,300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 24.70 square kilometres (9.54 sq mi).

Owarai
Owarai (お笑い) is a broad word used to describe Japanese comedy as seen on television. The word owarai is the honorific form of the word warai (by adding o- prefix), meaning "a laugh" or "a smile". Owarai is most common on Japanese variety shows and the comedians are referred to as owarai geinin or owarai tarento. Presently Japan is considered to be in an "owarai boom", and many minor talents have been finding sudden fame after a gag or skit became popular.
688(I) Hunter/Killer
Jane's 688(i) Hunter/Killer is a 1997 submarine simulator video game, developed by Sonalysts Inc. and published by Electronic Arts and more recently by Strategy First for Windows 95 compatible operating systems. It is named after the 688 (Improved) Los Angeles class of United States (SSN) submarine, and was a successor to the earlier game 688 Attack Sub. It is part of the Jane's Combat Simulations series. It was released on Valve's Steam content delivery service as well as DotEmu.

Strategy First
Strategy First Inc. is a Canadian video game publisher based in Montreal. Founded in 1988 by Don McFatridge, Steve Wall and Dave Hill, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2004 and was subsequently acquired by Silverstar Holdings in 2005. Initially specializing in developing strategy video games, it since switched to primarily publishing, releasing games like the Disciples series, the Jagged Alliance series, O.R.B: Off-World Resource Base, and the Space Empires series.
Sanidine
Sanidine is the high temperature form of potassium feldspar with a general formula K(AlSi3O8). Sanidine is found most typically in felsic volcanic rocks such as obsidian, rhyolite and trachyte. Sanidine crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. Orthoclase is a monoclinic polymorph stable at lower temperatures. At yet lower temperatures, microcline, a triclinic polymorph of potassium feldspar, is stable.

Due to the high temperature and rapid quenching, sanidine can contain more sodium in its structure than the two polymorphs that equilibrated at lower temperatures. Sanidine and high albite constitute a solid solution series with intermediate compositions termed anorthoclase. Exsolution of an albite phase does occur; resulting cryptoperthite can best be observed in electron microprobe images.

Monoclinic crystal system
In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems.  A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic system. They form a parallelogram prism. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular (meet at right angles), while the third pair makes an angle other than 90°.
John Zorn discography
John Zorn appears on over 400 recordings as a composer or performer.  This is a selection of recordings released under his name, bands he was/is part of, collaborations with other musicians, and significant albums to which he has contributed.  The year indicates when the album was first released and any subsequent years if the following release included additional material.

Masada (band)
Masada is a musical group with rotating personnel led by American saxophonist and composer John Zorn since the early 1990s.

Masada was the first ensemble to perform Zorn's compositions inspired by Radical Jewish Culture and written to be performed by small groups of musicians. Initially envisioned as a set of 100 "songs" notated within a limited number of staves and confined to specific modes or scales, Zorn's Masada project would eventually total 613 compositions divided into three specific "books".

Zorn used Hebrew titles for these compositions along with melodic themes and musical structures reminiscent of klezmer music, and Jewish imagery on album covers to explore Jewish identity within the Masada songbook and groups. He stated: "The idea with Masada is to produce a sort of radical Jewish music, a new Jewish music which is not the traditional one in a different arrangement, but music for the Jews of today. The idea is to put Ornette Coleman and the Jewish scales together."
Giosuè Carducci Secondary School (Lucca)
The Giosuè Carducci Secondary School (Italian: Scuola Secondaria di I Grado "Giosuè Carducci") is a public middle school located in the historic center of Lucca, Tuscany, Italy. It is part of the Istituto Comprensivo Lucca Centro Storico, which also includes primary and preschool facilities within the city walls.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Geoplana pulchella
Geoplana pulchella is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is found in areas of the Atlantic Forest within the state of Santa Catarina, such as in Blumenau, Paulo Lopes, and Alfredo Wagner, in Brazil.

Geoplaninae
Geoplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians endemic to the Neotropical region. Members of this family are sometimes referred to as the Neotropical land planarians. However, one species, Obama nungara has been introduced in Europe.
Rita Grosse-Ruyken
Rita Maria Walburga Grosse-Ruyken (born 29 November 1948) is a contemporary German artist, sculptor, multimedia installation art, artfilm and performance, producer artist and member of the Association of German Artists Deutscher Kuenstlerbund. The core of her light – sound – space – form installations comprise sculptures in motion made from pure gold and silver. She became internationally known through her exhibition Rays of Light.

Museum Angewandte Kunst
The Museum Angewandte Kunst (MAK) is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and is part of Frankfurt's Museumsufer (Museum Riverbank). The alternating exhibitions recount tales of cultural values and changing living conditions. Beyond that, they continually refer to the question of what applied art is today and can be and demonstrate the field of tension between function and aesthetic value.
Washington District
The Washington District is a Norfolk Southern Railway line in the U.S. state of Virginia that connects Alexandria and Lynchburg. Most of the line was built from 1850 to 1860 by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, while a small portion in the center opened in 1880 as the Charlottesville and Rapidan Railroad. Today, the line is mainly used for freight service, but Amtrak's Crescent, Cardinal and Northeast Regional passenger services use all or part of the line, and the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line commuter service uses the northernmost portion of the line.

RF&P Subdivision
The RF&P Subdivision is a railroad line operated by CSX Transportation and jointly owned by CSX and Virginia. It runs from Washington, D.C., to Richmond, Virginia, over lines previously owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. The line's name pays homage to that railroad, which was a predecessor to the CSX.
Casa de Pilatos (Lima)
The Casa de Pilatos, also known as the Casa Esquivel y Jarava, is a building located in front of the Basilica and Convent of San Francisco in the historic centre of Lima, which currently functions as the de facto headquarters of the Constitutional Court. It was declared Cultural heritage of Peru.

Highlights include its stone doorway, the only one of its kind in the city, the two-section hallway and the imperial staircase, which separates the main patio from the backyard, placed in the central axis of the house.

Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Lima
The Basilica and Convent of San Francisco (Spanish: Basílica y Convento de San Francisco) is a Catholic church building located in the Historic Centre of Lima, Peru. The church, together with the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Solitude (Spanish: Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad) and the Church of the Virgin of the Miracle (Spanish: Iglesia de la Virgen del Milagro), forms a religious monumental complex surrounded by Amazonas, Áncash and Lampa streets, as well as Abancay Avenue.

Spanish philologist and scholar Ramón Menéndez Pidal described it as "the largest and noblest monument that the conquest erected in these prodigious lands". The church and convent are part of the Historic Centre of Lima, which was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991.
Robin Miller (journalist)
Robin Lee Miller (October 27, 1949 – August 25, 2021) was an American motorsports journalist. Miller was best known for being a writer at The Indianapolis Star from 1968–2001. He also wrote for Autoweek, Car and Driver, ESPN and Speed. At the time of his death, he was a correspondent and senior writer for RACER magazine and website, while also reporting on IndyCar Series broadcasts for NBCSN.

Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
The Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (MSHFA) is a hall of fame that honors motorsports competitors and contributors from the United States from all disciplines, with categories for Open Wheel, Stock Cars, Powerboats, Drag Racing, Motorcycles, Sports Cars, Aviation, at Large, Off-Road and Historic. Periodic recognition is given to specialty categories including Speed Records, Business and Technology. Its annual Induction Ceremony is attended by notables throughout the motorsports community and is reported on widely.
Campanário, Minas Gerais
Campanário is a Brazilian municipality located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 3,730 people living in a total area of 441 km2 (170 sq mi). The city is part of the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni. It became a municipality in 1943.

Itambacuri
Itambacuri (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [itɐ̃bakuˈɾi]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 its population is estimated to be 23,209. Itambacuri contains its own airport.
1994 Skoda Czech Open – Doubles
The 1994 Skoda Czech Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the International Series of the 1994 ATP Tour.
Hendrik Jan Davids and Libor Pimek were the defending champions, but Davids did not compete this year. Pimek teamed up with Francisco Roig and lost in the semifinals to Tomáš Krupa and Pavel Vízner.

Karel Nováček and Mats Wilander won the title after their opponents, Krupa and Vízner, were forced to withdraw before the final match.

1994 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the ATP. The ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Marli Renfro
Marli Renfro (born April 3, 1938 in Los Angeles, California) is an American former showgirl, model, Playboy cover girl and actress.

She was the body double for Janet Leigh in the shower scene of the 1960 film Psycho.

Robert Graysmith
Robert Graysmith (born Robert Gray Smith; September 17, 1942) is an American true crime author and former cartoonist, known for authoring the 1986 book Zodiac, based on his work on the Zodiac Killer case.
Frank Dolphin
Frank Dolphin (born January 1959) is an Irish psychologist and businessman known for his involvement with the Irish Health Service, as a former chairman of Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Governor of the Mater Hospital, and as a past president of the Waterford Chamber of Commerce. He co-founded RigneyDolphin Ltd. and RelateCare.

Waterford Institute of Technology
The Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT; Irish: Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Phort Láirge) was an institute of technology, located in Waterford, Ireland. The institute had six constituent schools and offered programmes in business, engineering, science, health sciences, as well as education & humanities.

The institute opened in 1970 as a Regional Technical College and adopted its name on 7 May 1997. Along with the Institute of Technology, Carlow, the institute was dissolved on 1 May 2022 and was succeeded by the South East Technological University.
Mars Exploration Program
Mars Exploration Program (MEP) is a long-term effort to explore the planet Mars, funded and led by NASA. Formed in 1993, MEP has made use of orbital spacecraft, landers, and Mars rovers to explore the possibilities of life on Mars, as well as the planet's climate and natural resources. The program is managed by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. As a result of 40% cuts to NASA's budget for fiscal year 2013, the Mars Program Planning Group (MPPG) was formed to help reformulate the MEP, bringing together leaders of NASA's technology, science, human operations, and science missions.

Magnetosphere
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a celestial body with an active interior dynamo.

In the space environment close to a planetary body with a dipole magnetic field such as Earth, the field lines resemble a simple magnetic dipole. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the Sun (i.e., the solar wind) or a nearby star. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation. Interactions of particles and atmospheres with magnetospheres are studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy.
Pfannenstiel (Zürich)
Pfannenstiel (German pronunciation: [ˈpfanənˌʃtiːl] ⓘ; el. 853 metres (2,799 ft)) is a wooded mountain respectively a region overlooking the Lake Zürich and Zürcher Oberland in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

Bachtel
Bachtel is a mountain of the Zurich Oberland, located between Hinwil and Wald in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It lies approximately halfway between the Schnebelhorn (the highest point in the canton) and Lake Zurich.

On the summit is the Bachtel Tower, a 60 metres (200 ft) tall radio tower, a playground and a restaurant (Bachtel-Kulm Besen-Beiz).

The Bachtel range (also Allmann or Allmen, Bachtel-Allmen-Kette) separates the Töss and Glatt basins. Extending to the north of Bachtel proper, towards Bauma, it includes Auenberg (1,050 m [3,440 ft]), Allmen (1,079 m [3,540 ft]) and Stüssel (1,051 m [3,448 ft]).
1970–71 Buffalo Braves season
The 1970–71 NBA season was the Buffalo Braves inaugural season in the NBA. With a roster made up primarily of castoffs, the Braves got off on the right foot by beating the Cleveland Cavaliers 107–92 at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium on October 14.  However, the Braves would drop their next nine as they took on established NBA teams on the way to finishing in last place in the Atlantic Division. The Braves' record was 22–60, which was 7 games better than the Cleveland Cavaliers, their partners in expansion. This was the only season that the team would wear blue, red, and gold, as the following season saw them change their jerseys to black and orange, which they would wear for the next two seasons.

Buffalo Memorial Auditorium
Buffalo Memorial Auditorium, colloquially known as The Aud, was a multipurpose indoor arena in downtown Buffalo, New York. Opened on October 14, 1940, it was home to the Canisius Golden Griffins (NCAA), the Buffalo Bisons (AHL), the Buffalo Bisons (NBL), the Buffalo Braves (NBA), the Buffalo Sabres (NHL), the Toronto-Buffalo Royals (WTT), the Buffalo Stallions (MISL), the Buffalo Bandits (MILL), the Buffalo Blizzard (NPSL) and the Buffalo Stampede (RHI). It also hosted events such as college basketball, concerts, professional wrestling and boxing. The venue was closed in 1996 after the construction of the venue now known as KeyBank Center, and remained vacant until being demolished in 2009.
1934–35 FA Cup
The 1934–35 FA Cup was the 60th season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Sheffield Wednesday won the competition for the third time, beating West Bromwich Albion 4–2 in the final at Wembley, winning through two late goals from Ellis Rimmer.

1935 FA Cup final
The 1935 FA Cup final was contested by Sheffield Wednesday and West Bromwich Albion at Wembley. Sheffield Wednesday won 4–2, with goals scored by Jack Palethorpe, Mark Hooper and Ellis Rimmer (2). Wally Boyes and Teddy Sandford scored West Brom's goals. It is the most recent time that the trophy has been won by Sheffield Wednesday, and would be their last major trophy win for 56 years, until they won the Football League Cup in 1991.
Drussyla Costa
Drussyla Andressa Felix Costa (born July 1, 1996) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player who has represented her country in junior and youth world championships and the South American Beach Volleyball Circuit. She was part of the first U16 Brazil national indoor volleyball team that won gold at the first edition of the first U16 South American Championship. Drussyla was a member of the Brazilian national team that won its first U-23 World Championship in a final against Turkey.

2018 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship
The 2018 Women's South American Volleyball Club Championship was the tenth official edition of the women's volleyball tournament, played by six teams from 20 to 24 February 2018 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Camponesa/Minas won its first title and qualified for the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in Ningbo, China. Carol Gattaz was elected the Most Valuable Player.
West Barnstable station
West Barnstable station is a railway station in West Barnstable, Massachusetts. The train station currently serves as a weekend stop for several excursion trains operated by the Cape Cod Central Railroad. The station building, which is owned by the Town of Barnstable, Massachusetts, is the headquarters on the Cape Cod Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society (NRHS).

Cape Cod Central Railroad
The Cape Cod Central Railroad is a heritage railroad located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.  It operates on a rail line known as the Cape Main Line, which is owned by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation.  The line was previously owned and operated by the Cape Cod Railroad, the Old Colony Railroad, and later the New Haven Railroad, each of which operated passenger trains on the line from 1854 to 1959.  Although its namesake is the former Cape Cod Central Railroad (1861–1868), the two companies are unrelated.