hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers)
The 2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a volunteer infantry battalion of the British Army under various titles from 1860 to 1961. It served in Malta, Gallipoli, Egypt and on the Western Front during World War I. In World War II it saw service in Iraq, North Africa and Italy. After a postwar spell as an air defence unit, it reverted to the infantry role, and merged into the Territorials of the Royal Fusiliers.

Charles Wakefield, 1st Viscount Wakefield
Charles Cheers Wakefield, 1st Viscount Wakefield, (12 December 1859 – 15 January 1941), was an English businessman who founded the Castrol lubricants company, was lord mayor of London and was a significant philanthropist.
Frederic Cockin
Frederic Arthur Cockin (30 July 1888– 15 January 1969) was a British bishop in the Church of England. He was Bishop of Bristol in the mid 20th century.

Born in 1888, Cockin was educated at Marlborough College and University College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1915, after which he was curate of St Mary's Newington. Later he was vicar of the University Church of St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, then a canon at St Paul's Cathedral and an Honorary Chaplain to the King, He was ordained to the episcopate in 1946 and served for 12 years. He died on 15 January 1969.

Bishop of Bristol
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Bristol heads the Church of England Diocese of Bristol in the Province of Canterbury, in England.

The present diocese covers parts of the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire together with a small area of Wiltshire.  The see is in the City of Bristol where the seat is located at Bristol Cathedral. The bishop's residence is a house in Winterbourne, Gloucestershire, north of Bristol.

The most recent bishop was Vivienne Faull (previously Dean of York), from the confirmation of her election on 25 June 2018. She was consecrated at St Paul's Cathedral on 3 July 2018 and enthroned in her Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, Bristol on 20 October 2018. On 6 February 2025, Faull announced that she intended to retire effective 1 September. In the ensuing vacancy, Neil Warwick, Bishop of Swindon (as sole suffragan bishop of the diocese) is acting diocesan bishop.
Percy Charles Wyndham
Percy Charles Wyndham (27 September 1757 – 5 August 1833) was an English politician.

He was the second son of Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont and Alicia Maria, daughter of the 2nd Baron Carpenter, and brother of Hon. Charles William Wyndham. He was educated at Westminster School from 1765 to 1774, and then at Christ Church, Oxford in 1774.

Wyndam was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Chichester from 1782 to 1784, when he lost his seat due to his support for Charles James Fox. At the 1790 election his older brother the 3rd Earl of Egremont returned both Percy and Charles as MPs for his pocket borough of Midhurst. In Parliament, he continued to support Fox.

The Earl sold his interest in Midhurst in 1795, and Percy did not seek re-election in 1796.

George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter
Lieutenant-Colonel  George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter FRS (c. 1695 – 12 July 1749) of the Homme, Dilwyn, Herefordshire was an English landowner and Member of Parliament at different periods between 1717 and 1747.
Air Defense Identification Zone (East China Sea)
The East Sea Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ, Chinese: 东海防空识别区) is an air defense identification zone issued by the People's Liberation Army covering most of the East China Sea where the People's Republic of China announced that it was introducing new air traffic restrictions in November 2013. The area consists of the airspace from about, and including, the Japanese controlled Senkaku Islands (which are known as the Diaoyu Islands in mainland China and are claimed by mainland China as well as Taiwan) north to South Korean-claimed Socotra Rock (known as Suyan Jiao in China).  About half of the area overlaps with a Japanese ADIZ, while also overlapping to a small extent with the South Korean and Taiwanese ADIZ. When introduced the Chinese initiative drew criticism as the ADIZ overlapped with the ADIZ of other countries, imposed requirements on both civilian and military aircraft regardless of destination, and included contested maritime areas

Itsunori Onodera
Itsunori Onodera (小野寺 五典, Onodera Itsunori; born May 5, 1960) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). He served as the Minister of Defense from 2012 to 2014 and again from 2017 to 2018.
1987 Singapore Women's Open
The 1987 Singapore Women's Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Kallang, Singapore and was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1987 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the second edition of the Singapore Women's Open and was held from 27 April through 3 May 1987. Third-seeded Anne Minter won the singles title.

1987 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1987 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the 15th season of the tennis circuit since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced in January 1987, and concluded in December 1987 after events.

The Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). It was held in place of the WTA Tour from 1983 until 1987 and featured tournaments that had previously been part of the Toyota Series and the Avon Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.
Universalism in geography
Universalism, in human geography, signals the position that ideas of development produced in Western social sciences hold for all times and places. Universalist thinking began in the Age of Enlightenment when philosophers decided on "truths" that could explain occurrences rationally and accurately. Development geography, human geography and other disciplines seek to find and critique universal "truths". Critics suggest that Universalism has created a world knowledge hierarchy placing Western Europe, North America and the rest of the "developed" world at the top, as the centre of knowledge, and placing the rest of the globe below, as ignorant and needing to be educated. The hierarchy reiterates the core-periphery notion, examining it in terms of knowledge differentials across space.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Timeline of women in photography
This is a timeline of women in photography tracing the major contributions women have made to both the development of photography and the outstanding photographs they have created over the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries.

Albumen print
The albumen print, also called albumen silver print, is a method of producing a photographic print using egg whites. Published in January 1847 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, it was the first commercial process of producing a photo on a paper base from a negative, previous methods—such as the daguerreotype and the tintype—having been printed on metal. It became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the start of the 20th century, with a peak in the 1860–1890 period.  During the mid-19th century, the carte de visite became one of the more popular uses of the albumen method. In the 19th century, E. & H. T. Anthony & Company were the largest makers and distributors of albumen photographic prints and paper in the United States.
IC 1953
IC 1953 is a barred spiral galaxy situated in the constellation of Eridanus. Located about 83.4 million light years away, it is a member of the Eridanus Cluster of galaxies, a cluster of about 200 galaxies. It was discovered by DeLisle Stewart in 1899.

IC 1953 has a Hubble classification of SB(rs)d, which indicates it is a barred spiral galaxy. It is moving away from the Milky Way at a rate of 1,867 km/s. Its size in the night sky is 2.9' x 2.1', which is proportional to its estimated size of 88,000 ly.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Lagana (bread)
Lagana (Greek: λαγάνα, from λάγανον) is a Greek flatbread traditionally baked for Clean Monday, the first day of the Great Lent. Traditionally, it was prepared unleavened (without the yeast), but leavened lagana is nowadays more common. It is typically flat, oval-shaped, with surface decorated by impressing fingertips.

Sesame seeds are a common topping, and it may also be topped with other herbs, and seasoned with olive oil. The name comes from a Greco-Roman pastry dough lagana, which is also the origin of the word lasagna, also known as tracta, from Ancient Greek: τρακτὸς.

Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine is the cuisine of Greece and the Greek diaspora. In common with many other cuisines of the Mediterranean, it is founded on the triad of wheat, olive oil, and wine. It uses vegetables, olive oil, grains, fish, and meat, including pork, poultry, veal and beef, lamb, rabbit, and goat. Other important ingredients include pasta (such as hilopites), cheeses, herbs, lemon juice, olives and olive oil, and yogurt. Bread made of wheat is ubiquitous; other grains, notably barley, are also used, especially for paximathia. Common dessert ingredients include nuts, honey, fruits, sesame, and filo pastries. It continues traditions from Ancient Greek and Byzantine cuisine, while incorporating Turkish, Middle Eastern, Balkan, and Italian influences.
Donelaitis (crater)
Donelaitis is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on May 15, 2013. Donelaitis is named for the Lithuanian poet Kristijonas Donelaitis.

Around the central peak of Donelaitis crater is an irregular, U-shaped depression.  The depression is similar to those within Navoi, Lermontov, Scarlatti, and Praxiteles.  The depressions resemble those associated with explosive volcanism.  The irregular bright area of the crater floor including the depression was named Gata Facula in 2018.

The crater Carleton is to the east.  Some of the rays of Debussy crater to the northwest extend to the region of Donelaitis.

Exaggerated color view with Donelaitis at center.  Yellow color indicates Gata Facula.

Oblique view looking south

Slightly oblique view

Praxiteles (crater)
Praxiteles is a crater on Mercury.  It is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

MESSENGER's high-resolution images obtained during the mission's second Mercury flyby have revealed a number of irregularly shaped depressions on the floor of Praxiteles crater, making it a pit-floor crater. The colors near these depressions in wide angle camera (WAC) images are similar to those near volcanoes discovered during the mission's first Mercury flyby along the inner edge of the Caloris basin. The similar colors and the association with the irregular depressions (possible volcanic vents) are suggestive of past volcanic activity on the floor of Praxiteles.

The light coloration associated with the peak ring is now known as Orm Facula.

Praxiteles crater, first observed by Mariner 10, was named in 1979 by the IAU after the ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles.
Eleanor D'Antuono
Eleanor D'Antuono (born 1939) is an American ballerina whose career spanned more than two decades as a principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre. She later became an influential teacher and artistic leader, serving as Artistic Director of the New York International Ballet Competition.

Joffrey Ballet
The Joffrey Ballet is an American dance company and training institution in Chicago, Illinois. The Joffrey regularly performs classical and contemporary ballets during its annual performance season at the Civic Opera House, including its annual presentation of The Nutcracker.

Founded in 1956 by dance pioneers Robert Joffrey and Gerald Arpino, the company has earned a reputation for boundary-breaking performances, including its 1987 presentation of Vaslav Nijinsky's The Rite of Spring, which reconstructed the original choreography from the 1913 premiere that was thought to be lost. Many choreographers have worked with the Joffrey, including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, and George Balanchine.
Buddhist Wong Fung Ling College
Buddhist Wong Fung Ling College is a secondary school in Causeway Bay, Wan Chai District, Hong Kong. It first opened in 1959. A government-aided school, it is sponsored by the Hong Kong Buddhist Association.

Causeway Bay
Causeway Bay is an area and a bay on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, straddling the border of the Eastern and the Wan Chai districts. It is a major shopping, leisure and cultural centre in Hong Kong, with a number of major shopping centres. The rents in the shopping areas of Causeway Bay were ranked as the world's most expensive for around a decade after overtaking New York City's Fifth Avenue in 2012. The area's Cantonese name "Tung Lo Wan" is never used to refer to the area in English, and "Causeway Bay" is always used instead.
2012 Maui Invitational
The 2012 Maui Invitational Tournament was an early-season college basketball tournament played from November 9 to November 21, 2012.  It was the 29th annual holding of the Maui Invitational Tournament, which began in 1984, and part of the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Championship Round was played at the Lahaina Civic Center in Maui, Hawaii from November 19 to 21.

Maui Invitational
The Maui Invitational is an annual early-season college basketball tournament that takes place Thanksgiving week, normally in Lahaina, Hawaii, at the Lahaina Civic Center on the island of Maui. It is hosted by Chaminade University of Honolulu, an NCAA Division II school. Seven or eight NCAA Division I men's basketball teams are invited to Maui to compete in the field, with Chaminade competing every other year. The Maui Invitational has been played since 1984 and is carried by ESPN. As of the 2025–26 season, the title sponsor of the tournament is Southwest. Previous sponsors include Maui Jim, EA Sports, Camping World, Allstate, and Novavax.
Fabricia gens
The gens Fabricia was a plebeian family of ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are known from the early third century BC down to the end of the Republic, but they seldom attained positions of importance in the Roman state.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Gmina Zaklików
Gmina Zaklików is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Stalowa Wola County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Zaklików, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of Stalowa Wola and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 202.15 square kilometres (78.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,550 (8,709 in 2013).

Stalowa Wola County
Stalowa Wola County (Polish: powiat stalowowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Stalowa Wola, which lies 62 kilometres (39 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The county covers an area of 832.92 square kilometres (321.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 103,293, out of which the population of Stalowa Wola is 60,799, and the rural population is 42,494.
European Union (Withdrawal) Act
There are several Acts of Parliament related to Brexit that are referred to as the European Union (Withdrawal) Act; in the United Kingdom:

The European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017, which empowered the prime minister to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, which will repeal European law or transpose it into British law upon Brexit

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019, which obliged the prime minister to seek a delay to Brexit

The European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019, which obliges the prime minister to seek a second delay to Brexit.

The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020

And in Gibraltar:

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019 (Gibraltar)

The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (Gibraltar)

European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (Gibraltar)
The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 is an Act of the Gibraltar Parliament that incorporates the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement into the law of Gibraltar as part of the UK's exit from the European Union (Brexit) on 31 January 2020. The Act received Royal Assent two days before the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 received its Royal Assent after being passed by the UK Parliament.
Sarah Bishop (hermit)
Sarah Bishop (c. 1759 – c. 1809) was an affluent American woman who was forced to become a female pirate during the years of 1778–1780. She escaped from the ship, swam to shore, and lived in a cave as a hermit for about thirty years until she froze to death.

North Salem, New York
North Salem is the northernmost town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The town, incorporated in 1788, is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 50 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. As of the 2020 census, North Salem was recorded as possessing a population of 5,243 people living on a land area of 21.37 square miles.

Founded prior to the American Revolution, North Salem contains an amalgamation of urban and rural features, including parks, forests, lakes, and horse trails alongside commuter train service and an interstate highway. The town has been referred to as "Billionaires' Dirt Road" due to the town's rural characteristics and its relatively high proportion of wealthy residents.
Peter Graulund
Peter Graulund (born 20 September 1976) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a striker. He played for Danish clubs Vejle Boldklub, Brøndby IF and AGF, German side VfL Bochum, and Swedish club Helsingborgs IF. He played six games and scored two goals for the Denmark national under-21 football team.

Graulund was a fan favourite at AGF, not only because of his goal scoring abilities but also due to his notorious fighting spirit. He was considered to be one of the best strikers in the Danish Superliga and is seventh on the list of top goalscorers all-time in the league. On 29 August 2011, he scored his 100th goal in the league in a win over AC Horsens. Graulund announced his retirement due to injuries on 12 October 2012.

Danish 1st Division
The 1st Division (1. Division) is the second-highest football league in Denmark, also known as Betinia LIGA for sponsorship reasons. From 1945 to 1991, the 1. Division was the name of the highest level of football in Denmark. With the formation of the Danish Superliga, the 1st Division became the second tier of Danish football. While all the teams in the Superliga are full-time professional the 1. Division has a mixture of full-time professional and semi-professional teams.

The top-ranking teams each year win promotion to the Superliga, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Division.

Viaplay broadcasts all matches from the league.
Lochmaben railway station
Lochmaben railway station was a station which served Lochmaben, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on a local line which ran between the Caledonian Main Line (now known as the West Coast Main Line) at Lockerbie and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway at Dumfries.

Lochmaben
Lochmaben (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Mhabain) is a small town and civil parish in Scotland, and site of a castle. It lies 4 miles (6 km) west of Lockerbie, in Dumfries and Galloway. By the 12th century the Bruce family had become the local landowners and, in the 14th century, Edward I rebuilt Lochmaben Castle. It was subsequently taken by Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas in 1384/5 and was abandoned in the early 17th century. The town itself became a Royal Burgh in 1447.
Acado virus
The Acado virus (ACDV) is a serotype of Corriparta virus in the genus Orbivirus in the Corriparta serogroup. Isolated from Culex antennatus and C. univittatus neavi in Ethiopia. Not reported to cause disease in humans.

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad
Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad (Russian: Преображе́нская пло́щадьpronunciationⓘ, English: Transfiguration Square) is a Moscow Metro station in the Preobrazhenskoye District, Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Sokolniki and Cherkizovskaya stations.

Sokolnicheskaya line
The Sokolnicheskaya line (Russian: Соко́льническая ли́ния, IPA: [sɐˈkolʲnʲitɕɪskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]pronunciationⓘ, formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Ки́ровско-Фру́нзенская) (Line 1; Red Line) is a line of the Moscow Metro in Moscow, Russia. It opened in 1935 and is the oldest line of the Moscow Metro system. There are currently 27 stations open on the line. As of 2024, the line is 47 kilometres (29 mi) long and is the longest line in the Moscow Metro.