hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bare mass
In quantum field theory, specifically the theory of renormalization, the bare mass of an elementary particle is the limit of its mass as the scale of distance approaches zero or, equivalently, as the energy of a particle collision approaches infinity. It differs from the invariant mass as usually understood because the latter includes the 'clothing' of the particle by pairs of virtual particles that are temporarily created by the fields around the particle. In some versions of QFT, the bare mass of some particles may be plus or minus infinity. In the theory of the electroweak interaction using the Higgs boson, all particles have a bare mass of zero.

This allows us to write , where  denotes the experimentally observable mass of the particle,  its bare mass, and  the increase in mass owing to the interaction of the particle with the medium or field.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Okaloosa County Women's Hall of Fame
The Okaloosa County Women's Hall of Fame (OCWHOF) is a tribute to women who live or have lived in Okaloosa County, Florida. The Hall of Fame is meant to "recognize and honor women who have helped to improve the community," says Jeanette Debs, a chairwoman of the OCWHOF. The Hall of Fame is largely virtual, with the first physical display set up in 2006 at the Crestview courthouse. Photographs of past inductees are displayed in Crestview and in Niceville. Nominations are accepted from the public in several areas of endeavor.

The OCWHOF was founded in 1995 by the Okaloosa County Commission on the Status of Women (OCCSW). Gayle Melich, a women's rights activist, is considered one of the "Founding Mothers" of the Hall of Fame. Bobelle Sconiers Harrell is one well-known inductee of the OCWHOF.

Okaloosa County, Florida
30°41′15″N 86°35′33″W﻿ / ﻿30.68750°N 86.59250°W﻿ / 30.68750; -86.59250

Okaloosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the Alabama state line. As of the 2020 census, the population was 211,668. Its county seat is Crestview. Okaloosa County is included in the Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Neuwied–Koblenz railway
The Koblenz–Neuwied railway is a two-track, electrified main line railway in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It connects the Neuwied station on the Right (east) Rhine line to the major railway junction at Koblenz Hauptbahnhof (central station) and to the Left (west) Rhine and Moselle lines.

Koblenz Stadtmitte station
Koblenz Stadtmitte station (German: Haltepunkt Koblenz Stadtmitte, freely translated as "Koblenz City Centre station") was opened on 14 April 2011 on the West Rhine Railway (German: Linke Rheinstrecke) in central Koblenz in the German state of Rhineland Palatinate. The main purpose of this station is to improve public transport access to central Koblenz because it is more convenient than Koblenz Hauptbahnhof (main station). In addition, it played an essential role as the station serving the Federal Horticultural Show 2011 in Koblenz.
National road 3 (Poland)
National road 3 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 3) was a route in the Polish national road network. The highway connected the northwestern and southwestern regions of Poland, running from Świnoujście at the German border to Jakuszyce at the Czech border, traversing through the West Pomeranian, Lubusz and Lower Silesian voivodeships. National Road 3 was a component of European highway E65.

National road 3 has been upgraded to the express road S3, with the older highway mostly being classified as a gmina road, running parallel to or near the completed sections of the modern expressway.

In 2024, the National Road 3 has been fully replaced with the express road S3 (Świnoujście - Lubawka) and National road 5 (Poland) (Bolków) - Jakuszyce. However, the roads are still classified as the European Highway E65.

National roads in Poland
According to classes and categories of public roads in Poland, a national road (Polish: Droga krajowa) is a public trunk road controlled by the Polish central government authority, the General Directorship of National Roads and Motorways (Polish: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad). All motorways and expressways in Poland are classified as part of the national roads network.

Other types of roads in Poland are under the control of entities at voivodeship, powiat and gmina levels: voivodeship roads, powiat roads and gmina roads.
2009–10 GET-ligaen season
The 2009–10 GET-ligaen was the 71st season of Norway's premier ice hockey league, Eliteserien (known as GET-ligaen for sponsorship reasons). The regular season began play on 12 September 2009 and concluded on 2 March 2010, with Vålerenga claiming their twenty-seventh League Championship after defeating Lillehammer 2–1 on 26 February. Vålerenga won the league twelve points ahead of the Sparta Warriors, who were defending champions. The league was contested by ten teams until Comet folded in October 2009, leaving nine teams to finish the regular season.

The playoffs to determine the 2010 Norwegian Ice Hockey Champions began on 4 March and ended on 19 April 2010. The Stavanger Oilers defeated Vålerenga by 4 games to 2 in the Final to win their first ever title.

Stavanger Oilers
Stavanger Ishockeyklubb, commonly referred to as the Stavanger Oilers, is a Norwegian professional ice hockey team based in Stavanger, Norway. They currently play in the Fjordkraftligaen, which is the top division in Norwegian ice hockey. As of 2023, it is the only team in the league from western Norway. The Oilers play their home matches in DNB Arena.
Badminton at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's singles WH1
The men's singles WH1 badminton tournament at the 2023 Parapan American Games is playing from 22 to 26 November 2023 at the Olympic Training Center in Santiago, Chile. A total of 9 players competed at the tournament, three of whom were seeded.

Badminton at the 2023 Parapan American Games
Badminton competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile, were held from 22 to 26 November. It was the second appearance of badminton in the Parapan Games. The event acted as a qualifier to add points on the Road to Paris 2024 qualification.
Sauropod hiatus
The sauropod hiatus is a geological period in the North American dinosaur fossil record for most of the Late Cretaceous noted for its lack of remains of sauropod dinosaurs. It may represent an extinction event, possibly caused by competition with ornithischian herbivores, habitat loss from the expansion of the Western Interior Seaway, or both. Alternatively, it has been argued that the hiatus represents a decrease in inland deposits that would have effectively preserved the animals, creating the illusion of an extinction. The sauropod hiatus ended shortly before the end of the Cretaceous, with the appearance of Alamosaurus, most likely an immigrant from South America, in the southwestern parts of North America.

Sonorasaurus
Sonorasaurus is a genus of brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Early]] (Albian]] stages, around 112 to 100 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in southern Arizona, United States. Its name, which means "Sonora lizard", comes from the Sonora River that flows in the Sonoran Desert where its fossils were first found. The type species is S. thompsoni, described by Ratkevich in 1998.
1975 Helvetia Cup
The 1975 Helvetia Cup was the twelfth edition of the Helvetia Cup mixed team badminton tournament. This was the second time Belgium have hosted the tournament after Brussels in 1966. Czechoslovakia could not defend their title after the team declined participation for the tournament.

Norway made history after winning the tournament for the first time, beating Yugoslavia and Austria in the final stage. Yugoslavia also made history by reaching their first ever final in the Cup since their debut two years prior.

Yugoslavia national badminton team
The Yugoslavia national badminton team (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslovanska reprezentacija v badmintonu; Репрезентација Југославије у бадминтону) represented Yugoslavia in international badminton team competitions. It was managed by the Badminton Federation of Yugoslavia, also known as Badmintonska Savez Jugoslavije. The national team competed in the Helvetia Cup two times and were runners-up in 1975.

The Yugoslavian junior team competed in the European Junior Badminton Championships 3 times before the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Lučka Križman was the only Yugoslavian badminton player to medal at any international badminton event.
Raymond Smythies
Raymond Brewster Smythies (18 June 1824 – 19 January 1861) was an English first-class cricketer, clergyman and educator.

Descended from an old Essex family, Smythies was born to the Reverend Henry Yeats Smythies in June 1824 at Stanground, Huntingdonshire. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He graduated from Cambridge in 1847 and was ordained as a deacon at Worcester in the same year. He completed his master's at Cambridge in 1850, the same year that he made his debut in first-class cricket, when he played for the North in the North v South fixture at Lord's. He made two additional first-class appearances in the 1850s. The first came for the Gentlemen of the North against the Gentlemen of the South at Lord's in 1852, while the second came for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University in 1854. He worked as an assistant master at Rugby School between 1847 and his death at Brighton in January 1861. He had married in 1859 and had issue.

North v South
The North of England and South of England cricket teams appeared in matches between the 1836 and 1961 seasons, most often playing against each other but also individually in games against touring teams, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and others. Until international cricket became firmly established towards the end of the 19th century, the North v South match was one of the major fixtures in the cricketing calendar along with Gentlemen v Players. Indeed, North v South was really the major fixture because it could potentially showcase the best 22 players in the country, whereas Gentlemen teams in the other match were often very weak.

In all, there were 155 North v South matches. The South won 62; the North won 55; 37 were drawn, and one match in 1889 was abandoned.
Llandudno Pier
Llandudno Pier is a Grade II* listed pier in the seaside resort of Llandudno, North Wales. At 2,295 feet (700 m), the pier is the longest in Wales and the fifth longest in England and Wales. In 2005 and 2025, it was voted "Pier of the Year" by the members of the National Piers Society.

At the end of the pier is a deep-water landing stage, completely rebuilt for the third time in 1969, which is used by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company for occasional excursions to Douglas, Isle of Man, and for an annual visit of the PS Waverley or the MV Balmoral preserved steamers.

Grade II* listed buildings in Conwy County Borough
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade II* structures are those considered to be "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Silverstone Classic
Silverstone Festival (previously known as Silverstone Classic) is an annual three-day Festival featuring historic motorsport, live music and family-friendly entertainment at the Silverstone Circuit, home of the British Grand Prix. The event attracts hundreds of historic race cars in 20 races over the weekend, displays from over 100 car clubs with more than 10,000 classic cars, free access to the paddocks and grandstands, interactive activities, dynamic demonstrations, live music on Friday, Saturday and Sunday evenings, a shopping village and lots more.
Founded in 1990, the event was one of the first of motor sport meetings dedicated entirely to historic racing cars and celebrated its 30th anniversary online (thanks to COVID) in 2020 with postponed celebrations at the 2021 event. Originally held in late July, since 2022 the event has taken place over the August bank holiday weekend.

AC Cobra
The AC Cobra, sold in the United States as the Shelby Cobra and Shelby AC Cobra, is a sports car manufactured by British company AC Cars, with a Ford V8 engine. It was produced intermittently in both the United Kingdom and later the United States from 1962 to 1967.
Huang Jucai
Huang Jucai (c. 933 – after 993), courtesy name Boluan, was a Chinese painter during the Later Shu and Song dynasties. He was the fourth son of renowned painter Huang Quan. Like his father Huang Quan, Huang Jucai was highly prolific. As mentioned in the 1120 catalog Xuanhe Huapu, 332 of his works were in the collection of Emperor Huizong of Song, of which few have survived.

Huang Quan (painter)
Huang Quan (903–965), courtesy name Yaoshu, was a Chinese painter during the Five Dynasties period and the Song dynasty who worked in the imperial painting academies of the Former Shu, Later Shu and Song dynasties. Along with Xu Xi, Huang is considered a founding master of the bird-and-flower painting.

Huang Quan was highly prolific: the 1120 catalog Xuanhe Huapu alone critiques 349 of his works. However, few are extant.
Dawhinava, Vileyka district rural council
Dawhinava rural council  (Belarusian: Даўгінаўскі сельсавет; Russian: Долгиновский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Vileyka district, Minsk region, Belarus. Its administrative center is  Dawhinava.

Vileyka district
Vileyka district or Viliejka district (Belarusian: Вілейскі раён; Russian: Вилейский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk region in Belarus. The administrative center of the district is the town of Vileyka. As of 2024, it has a population of 46,075.
Bridge River Cones
The Bridge River Cones, sometimes referred to as the Lillooet Cones and Salal Creek Cones, is the name given to a volcanic field located on the north flank of the upper Bridge River, about 40 km (25 mi) west of the town of Gold Bridge.  The cones are in the lee of the Lillooet Icecap and sit astride a group of passes between the Bridge River, which flows W-E to their south, and the Lord River, which flows north to the Taseko Lakes in the Chilcotin District.

Gold Bridge
Gold Bridge is an unincorporated community in the Bridge River Country of British Columbia, Canada. Although numbering only around 40 inhabitants, Gold Bridge is the service and supply centre for the upper basin of the Bridge River Valley, which includes recreation-residential areas at the Gun Lakes, Tyaughton Lake, Marshall Creek, and Bralorne; and the nearby ghost towns of Brexton and Pioneer Mine.

Located at the confluence of the Bridge River with its south fork, the Hurley River, Gold Bridge began as a freewheeling merchandising and services center supplementary to the company-run gold mining towns, and in its heyday had a large commercial roster ranging from insurance through to bootleggers and "sporting houses".

Gold Bridge can be accessed via Highway 40 from Lillooet, or via an upgraded backroad from Pemberton and Whistler known as the Hurley Main, which uses a pass at the head of the Hurley River to access the valley of the upper Lillooet River north of Pemberton.
Lisa Jardine
Lisa Anne Jardine (née Bronowski; 12 April 1944 – 25 October 2015) was a British historian of the early modern period.

From 1990 to 2011, she was Centenary Professor of Renaissance Studies and director of the Centre for Editing Lives and Letters at Queen Mary University of London. From 2008 to January 2014 she was Chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).

Jardine was a Member of Council of the Royal Institution, until 2009. On 1 September 2012, she relocated with her research centre and staff to University College London (UCL) to become founding director of its Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities.

Women's Prize for Fiction
The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It is awarded annually to a female author of any nationality for the best original full-length novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom in the preceding year. A sister prize, the Women's Prize for Non-Fiction, was launched in 2023.
Ramona
Ramona is an 1884 American novel written by Helen Hunt Jackson. Set in Southern California after the Mexican–American War and annexation of the territory by the United States, Ramona explores the life of a mixed-race Scottish–Native American orphan girl. The story was inspired by the marriage of Hugo Reid and Victoria Reid.

Originally serialized weekly in the Christian Union, the novel became immensely popular. It has had more than 300 printings, and has been adapted five times as a film. A play adaptation has been performed annually outdoors since 1923.

The novel's influence on the culture and image of Southern California was considerable. Its sentimental portrayal of Mexican elite colonial life contributed to establishing a unique cultural identity for the region. As its publication coincided with the arrival of railroad lines in the region, tourists used trains to visit sites thought to be associated with the novel.

Hugo Reid
Hugo Reid (April 18, 1811 – December 12, 1852) was a Scottish immigrant and early resident of Los Angeles County who became known for writing a series of newspaper articles, or "letters," that described the culture, language, and contemporary circumstances of the local Tongva (Gabrieleño) people. He criticized the Franciscan missionaries, who administered the Spanish missions in California, for their treatment of the native peoples.

Born and raised in Scotland, Reid immigrated to California as a young man after setting up trading in Mexico. He became a naturalized citizen there when the province was a part of the Republic of Mexico, and married Victoria Reid, who was born at the village of Comicranga and a respected land-owning woman in Alta California.
Winterstoke Hundred Academy
Winterstoke Hundred Academy (formerly North Somerset Enterprise and Technology College) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Weston-super-Mare, North Somerset, England.

It is a free school sponsored by the Cabot Learning Federation. The school is named after the historic Hundred of Winterstoke.

Free school (England)
A free school in England is a type of academy established since 2010 under the Cameron–Clegg government's free school policy initiative. From May 2015, usage of the term was formally extended to include new academies set up via a local authority competition. Like other academies, free schools are non-profit-making, state-funded schools which are free to attend but which are mostly independent of the local authority.
Memory error
Memory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a certain detail and/or event. Memory errors may include remembering events that never occurred, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened. These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes. As the retention interval between encoding and retrieval of the memory lengthens, there is an increase in both the amount that is forgotten, and the likelihood of a memory error occurring.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Rhinochimaera
Rhinochimaera is a genus of cartilaginous fish in the family Rhinochimaeridae, with these species:

Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann & Ebert, 1990 (paddlenose chimaera)

Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909  (broadnose chimaera)

Rhinochimaera pacifica Mitsukuri, 1895 (Pacific spookfish)

Paddlenose chimaera
The paddlenose chimaera or paddlenose spookfish (Rhinochimaera africana) is a species of marine cartilaginous fish in the family Rhinochimaeridae found near China, Japan, Mozambique, South Africa, and Taiwan.
Greek and Coptic
Greek and Coptic is the Unicode block for representing modern (monotonic) Greek. It was originally also used for writing Coptic, using the similar Greek letters in addition to the uniquely Coptic additions. Beginning with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, a separate Coptic block has been included in Unicode, allowing for mixed Greek/Coptic text that is stylistically contrastive, as is convention in scholarly works. Writing polytonic Greek requires the use of combining characters or the precomposed vowel + tone characters in the Greek Extended character block.

Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Greek, although Coptic letters were already included.

Unicode block
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes.  Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.

Each block is generally, but not always, meant to supply glyphs used by one or more specific languages, or in some general application area such as mathematics, surveying, decorative typesetting, social forums, etc.
Giles Langley
Giles Langley was a Welsh Anglican priest in the 16th century.

Langley was  educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He held livings at Chieveley, Welford and Shabbington.  Langford was appointed Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1564.

Archdeacon of Llandaff
The Archdeacon of Llandaff is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of Llandaff, one of two archdeaconries in the diocese (the other is Margam). The archdeaconry of Llandaff currently consists of two large deaneries: Cardiff, and Eglwysilan.