hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferry tank
A ferry tank is an auxiliary fuel container that is usually temporarily attached to a motorized device which it then supplies fuel.  A ferry tank allows the range or endurance of the vehicle or aircraft to be extended. Ferry tanks are typically used in both civil and military aviation; civil aviation and transport aircraft tend to use internal tanks while combat aircraft will use external tanks.

In aviation, ferry tanks allow aircraft additional range to reach destinations beyond the aircraft's specified range when there are no available re-fueling stopover locations.  For example, for an aircraft with only 1,000 miles range to be delivered from North America to Hawaii, which is over 2,000 miles away, the aircraft will require a ferry tank to supply it with enough fuel to travel the excess miles.

Drop tank
In aviation, a drop tank (external tank, wing tank or belly tank) is used to describe auxiliary fuel tanks externally carried by aircraft. A drop tank is expendable and often capable of being jettisoned. External tanks are commonplace on modern military aircraft and occasionally found in civilian ones, although the latter are less likely to be discarded except in an emergency.
José Ramón Machado Ventura
José Ramón Machado Ventura (born 26 October 1930) is a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the First Vice President of the Council of State of Cuba from 2008 to 2013. With the election of Raúl Castro as President of the Council of State on 24 February 2008, Machado was elected to succeed him as First Vice President, serving until 2013. He was elected Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba in 2011.

Vice President of Cuba
The vice president of Cuba, previously the vice president of the Council of State between 1976 and 2019, is the second highest political position obtainable in the Council of State of Cuba. Currently there is a provision for several vice presidents, who are elected in the same manner as the president of Cuba.

Historically, the vice president of Cuba was elected in the same ticket with the president. The position has been in use 1902–1928, 1936, 1940–1958, and since 1976.
Klęskowo, Szczecin
Klęskowo (formerly German: Hökendorf) is a part of the city of Szczecin, Poland situated on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town, and south of Szczecin-Dąbie.

The village was founded by Germans. In 1274, knight Jacob von Staffelde sold the place to the Abbey Kolbatz], which settled German peasants.

Having been part of German states since the Middle Ages, it fell to Poland in 1945. The Communist rulers expelled all German inhabitants.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
Giovanni Battista Seni
Govanni Battista Seni (c. 1600 – 1656), also known as Giovanni Battista Seno or Johann Baptist Zeno or Zenno or Senno, was a 17th-century Italian astrologer, who acted as the personal astrologer and advisor to Albrecht von Wallenstein, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial armed forces during the Thirty Years' War.

Ottavio Piccolomini
Ottavio Piccolomini, 1st Duke of Amalfi (11 November 1599 – 11 August 1656) was an Italian nobleman whose military career included service as a Spanish general and then as a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.
Mount Tanzawa
Mount Tanzawa (丹沢山, Tanzawa-san, -yama) is a mountain of the Tanzawa Mountains, with an elevation of 1,567.1 metres (5,141 ft). Its summit marks the border between Sagamihara,  Kiyokawa  in Aikō District, and Yamakita in Ashigarakami District.

Kiyokawa, Kanagawa
Kiyokawa (清川村, Kiyokawa-mura) is a village located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.   As of 1 October 2023, the village had an estimated population of 2,912 and a population density of 40,8 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 71.29 square kilometres (27.53 sq mi).
Polgooth
Polgooth (Cornish: Pollgoodh) is a former mining village in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies mainly in the parish of St Mewan and partly in the parish of St Ewe. The nearest town is St Austell two miles (3.5 km) to the north-east.

St Ewe
St Ewe (Cornish: Lannewa) is a civil parish and village in mid-Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which may be named after an Englished version of Saint Avoye. The village is situated approximately five miles (8 km) southwest of St Austell.
Lágheiði
Lágheiði (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauɣˌheiːðɪ]) is a mountain road between Ólafsfjörður and Fljót in Skagafjörður, Iceland. Through the centuries this has been the route between this two settlements. The road was built over the plateau in 1945 and it was the road for cars to connect with Ólafsfjörður. Due to heavy snows in the winter, the road is generally closed from September to May.

One folktale is known from the heath - Dýrhóll [ˈtirˌhoutl̥].

65°58′16″N 18°59′16″W﻿ / ﻿65.9711°N 18.9878°W﻿ / 65.9711; -18.9878

Fljót
Fljót is the northernmost district on the east side of Skagafjörður, Iceland. It is divided into Eastern and Western Fljót and extends from Stafá river in the west to the county's border with Eyjafjörður county in the east. In the north of Fljót, the boundary between the counties lies on Almenningsnöf.
Jeonggwa
Jeonggwa (Korean: 정과) is a crispy, chewy hangwa (traditional Korean confection) with vivid colors and a translucent look. It can be made by boiling sliced fruits, roots, or seeds in honey, mullyeot (rice syrup), or sugar water, then drying the slices, and optionally shaping them into flowers or other decorative forms. The candied fruits, roots, or seeds may have the similar texture to jam, marmalade, or jelly.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
1890 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1890 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board.

Kickhams entered the championship as the defending chammpions.

The final was played on 20 July 1890 at Clonturk Park in Dublin, between Kickhams and Erin's Pride, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kickhams won the match by 3–06 to 0–02 to claim their third consecutive championship title.

1889 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The 1889 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board.

Kickhams entered the championship as the defending chammpions.

The final was played on 9 June 1889, between Kickhams and Davitts, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kickhams won the match by 3–07 to 0–05 to claim their second consecutive championship title.
14th Canadian Ministry
The Fourteenth Canadian Ministry was the second cabinet chaired by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.  It governed Canada from 25 September 1926 to 7 August 1930, including only the 16th Canadian Parliament.  The government was formed by the Liberal Party of Canada.  Mackenzie King was also Prime Minister in the Twelfth and Sixteenth Canadian Ministries.

Minister of Fisheries (Canada)
The minister of fisheries (French: ministre des pêches) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). The minister is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Joanne Thompson has been the minister of fisheries since March 14, 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The title was first used in 1930, however, the role as it exists today was established in 1979 as the minister of fisheries and oceans. From 2015 to 2025, the officeholder was known as the minister of fisheries, oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, before it was changed to the current title in 2025.
Okinawa Shogaku High School
Okinawa Shogaku High School (沖縄尚学高等学校・附属中学校, Okinawa Shōgaku Kōtō Gakkō Fuzoku Chūgakkō) is a middle school and high school in the Kokuba district of Naha, Okinawa. Okisho, as it is called, is known for its performance in high school baseball tournaments, including spring tournament wins in 1999, 2008 and Summer in 2025.

Its colors are green, yellow, and maize.
The school motto is "恐れず、侮らず、気負わず," which can directly be translated to "Without fear, disdain, or over-eagerness."

Naha
Naha (Japanese: 那覇市, Hepburn: Naha-shi; Japanese: [naꜜ.ha, na.haꜜ.ɕi]; Okinawan: Naafa or Nafa) is the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 people per km2 (20,562 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 39.98 km2 (15.44 sq mi).

Naha is located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921. Before that, Naha had been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.

Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was the commercial center of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Little Baldon
Little Baldon is a hamlet in the Marsh Baldon civil parish, about 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Oxford in Oxfordshire, south of Marsh Baldon and west of Chiselhampton.

Little Baldon is near the other "Baldon" villages included in an old rhyme:

Marsh Baldon, Toot Baldon, Baldon on the Green,
Little Baldon, Big Baldon, Baldon-in-between

It is where an RAF Handley Page Hastings crashed in 1965, killing all 41 people aboard. This was the third worst air crash in the United Kingdom up to that time. A memorial plaque in the parish church of St Lawrence at Toot Baldon commemorates the disaster.

Chiselhampton
Chiselhampton is a village in the civil parish of Stadhampton, on the River Thame, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is about 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Oxford. In 1931 the parish named Chislehampton had a population of 136. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Stadhampton.
National Police Board of Finland
The National Police Board of Finland (Finnish: Poliisihallitus) is the central agency under the Ministry of the Interior of Finland responsible for planning, leading, developing, and supervising police operations in Finland and its support functions. It also ensures equitable access to police services across the country, decides on cooperation between police units, and oversees the performance management of police units. The National Police Board began its operations at the beginning of 2010. Its organization is two-tiered: the National Police Board leads and directs operational police activities. Directly under the National Police Board are the police departments and the national police units, including the National Bureau of Investigation and the Police University College of Finland. The Finnish Security Intelligence Service is directly under the Ministry of the Interior.

National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)
60°17′31″N 25°03′16″E﻿ / ﻿60.29192°N 25.05456°E﻿ / 60.29192; 25.05456

The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI; Finnish: Keskusrikospoliisi (KRP), Swedish: Centralkriminalpolisen (CKP), lit. 'central criminal police') is a national law enforcement agency of the Finnish Police and the principal criminal investigation and criminal intelligence organization of Finland. The Bureau's main tasks are to counter and investigate organized crime, provide expert services, and develop methods for criminal investigation. NBI is also responsible for financial intelligence (FININT), such as preventing money laundering and terrorism financing. NBI headquarters has been situated in the city of Vantaa within the Capital Region since 1994 with field offices in Tampere, Turku, Mariehamn, Joensuu, Oulu and Rovaniemi. It is subordinate to the National Police Board under the jurisdiction of the Interior Ministry.
2016 Argentina Open
The 2016 Argentina Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 19th edition of the ATP Buenos Aires event, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2016 ATP World Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 8 February through 14 February 2016. Fifth-seeded Dominic Thiem won the singles title.

Argentina Open
The IEB+ Argentina Open or Abierto Argentino is an annual ATP men's tennis event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The tournament is listed as an ATP 250 on the ATP Tour, and is played on outdoor clay courts at the 5,500 capacity Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club, in the Palermo barrio (neighborhood). Usually held in February, it includes both singles and doubles events.

The tournament was established in 1927 as the Argentina International Championships and was a combined men's and women's event from 1928 until 1987 when the women's tournament was discontinued (after 34 years the women's event resumed in 2021). Between 1970 and 1988 it was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and a Grand Prix Super Series event (1970–71). Between 1993 and 1995 it was part of the ATP World Series.

This event is not to be confused with the Argentine Championship (1918-1997), which was the open national championships of Argentina held at the Tennis Club Argentino (founded 1913) also in Buenos Aires.
Howstrake Camp halt
Howstrake Camp halt (Manx: Stadd Campal Howstrake) (occasionally "Howstrake Holiday Camp station") is a stop on the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man located at the line's first summit on the climb from the terminus, before descending into the nearby valley.

Manx Electric Railway
The Manx Electric Railway (Manx: Raad Yiarn Lectragh Vannin) is an electric interurban tramway connecting Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. It connects with the Douglas Bay Horse Tramway at its southern terminus at Derby Castle at the northern end of the promenade in Douglas, and with the Snaefell Mountain Railway at Laxey. Many visitors take an excursion on the trams. It is the oldest electric tram line in the world whose original rolling stock is still in service.
Lock of hair
A lock of hair is a piece or pieces of human hair that are usually bunched or tied together in some way. A lock of hair can be on a person's head, or have been cut from the head. When attached to the head, a lock of hair generally refers to a tress, curl, or ringlet of hair. When cut from the head, a lock of hair may be kept for its symbolic value.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Cheniu
Cheniu (simplified Chinese: 车纽; traditional Chinese: 車紐; pinyin: Chēniǔ; Eastern Han Chinese: *tśʰa-ṇuB ) was chieftain of the Goulong clan and chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu from 142 to 143 AD.

In 140 AD, Xiongnu chiefs, Cheniu, Wusi, and Yiti rebelled. They led 8,000 men in raids across the northern Ordos region and attacked the Southern Xiongnu capital of Meiji. Han General Ma Xu repelled them with 20,000 men.

In 142 AD, the Southern Xiongnu chanyu Xiuli committed suicide. Cheniu claimed the title of chanyu and his followers, now in the tens of thousands, attacked across the northern frontier into Han territory. However, Han forces under Zhang Dan retaliated in force and won several encounters with the Xiongnu. By 143 AD, Cheniu had surrendered and Wusi was killed. The title of chanyu went to the hostage prince, Doulouchu, held captive at the Han court.

Doulouchu
Doulouchu (simplified Chinese: 兜楼储; traditional Chinese: 兜樓儲 < Eastern Han Chinese: *to-lo-ḍiɑ) was a Xiongnu prince of unknown relationship to the Southern Xiongnu dynastic line who was proclaimed chanyu by the Han dynasty in 24 July 143 AD. Toulouchu resided in the Southern Xiongnu capital of Meiji in Xihe Commandery. It is doubtful whether he wielded any real power over his nominal subjects. He died four years later in 147 AD and was succeeded by Jucheer.
Al-Asiri
Al-Asiri is an Arabic toponymic surname (nisba) meaning someone from Asir. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdullah al-Asiri (1986–2009), a Saudi Arabian al-Qaeda suicide bomber

Ahmed Al-Assiri (disambiguation), several people

Ibrahim al-Asiri (born 1981), a Saudi Arabian al-Qaeda bombmaker

Turki Mash Awi Zayid Al Asiri, a Saudi Arabian who was held in extrajudicial detention at Guantanamo

Nisba (onomastics)
In Arabic names, a nisba (Arabic: نسبة nisbah, "attribution"), also rendered as nesba or nesbat, is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the surname. Examples of this suffix included at the end of a surname include: -at (eg: Obeidat), -i (eg: Al Masri), -awi (eg: Badawi) -iyy for males and -iyyah for females,

Nisba, originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali, Hindi and Urdu.

In Persian and Turkish, it is always pronounced and written as nisbat. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only.
Club Atlético San Miguel
Club Atlético San Miguel is an Argentine sports club from San Miguel, Buenos Aires The club's headquarters are located in San Miguel while its football stadium is erected in Los Polvorines district of Malvinas Argentinas Partido. Although many sports are practised at the club, San Miguel is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera B, the third division of the Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, other sports hosted by San Miguel are basketball, boxing, field hockey, martial arts, roller skating, swimming, tennis and volleyball.

Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C Metropolitana is one of the two professional leagues that form the fourth level of the Argentine football league system. Primera C Metropolitana is made up of 20 clubs, mainly from the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area (Greater Buenos Aires).

The other league at level four is the Torneo Federal B, where teams from regional leagues take part.
Turffontein (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Turffontein was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. It covered a part of the southern suburbs of Johannesburg centred on the suburb of Turffontein. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
King's Wark
The King's Wark in Leith was a building on the Shore of Leith, at the mouth of the Water of Leith into the Firth of Forth. The King's Wark was the Scottish royal arsenal where cannon used on royal ships were kept and maintained, and where supplies shipped to Leith for the royal household were stored. To the north east of the King's Wark the Shore was extended into the sea by a pier known as the "Bulwark". To the west was the Broad Wynd, and on the south, there was a walled yard. An inn on the site was documented in 1623. The site on the Shore includes a public house and restaurant called "The King's Wark" on the corner of the Shore and Bernard Street.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Commutative ring spectrum
In algebraic topology, a commutative ring spectrum, roughly equivalent to a -ring spectrum, is a commutative monoid in a good category of spectra.

The category of commutative ring spectra over the field  of rational numbers is Quillen equivalent to the category of differential graded algebras over .

Example: The Witten genus may be realized as a morphism of commutative ring spectra MString →tmf.

See also: simplicial commutative ring, highly structured ring spectrum and derived scheme.

Differential graded algebra
In mathematics – particularly in homological algebra, algebraic topology, and algebraic geometry – a differential graded algebra (or DGA, or DG algebra) is an algebraic structure often used to capture information about a topological or geometric space. Explicitly, a differential graded algebra is a graded associative algebra with a chain complex structure that is compatible with the algebra structure.

In geometry, the de Rham algebra of differential forms on a manifold has the structure of a differential graded algebra, and it encodes the de Rham cohomology of the manifold. In algebraic topology, the singular cochains of a topological space form a DGA encoding the singular cohomology. Moreover, American mathematician Dennis Sullivan developed a DGA to encode the rational homotopy type of topological spaces.