hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leflunomide
Leflunomide, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) comprise a category of otherwise unrelated disease-modifying drugs defined by their use in rheumatoid arthritis to slow down disease progression. The term is often used in contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (which refers to agents that treat the inflammation, but not the underlying cause) and steroids (which blunt the immune response but are insufficient to slow down the progression of the disease).

The term "antirheumatic" can be used in similar contexts, but without making a claim about an effect on the disease course. Other terms that have historically been used to refer to the same group of drugs are "remission-inducing drugs" (RIDs) and "slow-acting antirheumatic drugs" (SAARDs).
Henry Caldwell
Henry Caldwell (c. 1735 – 28 May 1810) was a distinguished military officer, successful businessman, and influential member of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada. Known for his leadership during critical battles such as the Siege of Quebec, he also became a prominent landowner and key figure in the economic and political development of the colony in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Legislative Council of Lower Canada
The Legislative Council of Lower Canada was the upper house of the Parliament of Lower Canada from 1792 until 1838. The Legislative Council consisted of appointed councillors who voted on bills passed up by the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. The legislative council was created by the Constitutional Act. Many of the members first called in the Council in 1792 had served as councillors in the Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec.

The council came to be dominated by the Château Clique, members of the province's most powerful families who were generally interested in preserving the status quo. Both the upper and lower houses were dissolved on March 27, 1838 following the Lower Canada Rebellion and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council.

Following the Act of Union in 1840, the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada was created in 1841.
Comstock (crater)
Comstock is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the northeast of the walled plain Fersman, and north of the crater Weyl.

This is an eroded crater formation with several small craters lying long the rim. One of these lies attached to the inner side of the rim and inner wall, extending part way across the floor. A cluster of small craters lie across the south-southwest rim and inner wall. The interior floor is marked by several tiny craterlets, and traces of ray material from the crater Ohm to the east-southeast.

Ohm (crater)
Ohm is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the south of the crater Comrie, and the satellite crater Comrie K is attached to Ohm's northeastern rim. To the northwest is the larger Shternberg, and to the southwest is Kamerlingh Onnes.

This crater is located at the origin of a ray system that extends for several hundred kilometers across the surrounding lunar terrain. The exterior surface for about 20–30 km is relatively free of the ray material, but beyond that perimeter is a skirt of higher albedo, with streaks extending to the northwest, east-northeast, and southwards.  The crater is part of the Copernican System.

The outer rim of Ohm is sharply defined, except at the southern end where the edge is somewhat irregular. The inner surface drops down to an interior blanket of slumped material that slopes down to the floor. The crater lacks a notable central peak.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Ohm was called Crater 253.
Sainik School, Amaravathinagar
Sainik School Amaravathinagar is a  Boys and Girls English medium, residential public school with a military bias up to +2 stage as per the CBSE board  Syllabus. It is one of the 33 Government aided Sainik Schools in India, located in Udumalpet, Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu.

Tiruppur district
Tiruppur district is one of the 38 districts of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, formed in 22 February 2009. Dharapuram was the largest taluk by area in the district. The district is well-developed and industrialized. The Tiruppur banian industry, the cotton market, Kangeyam bull and Uthukkuli butter, among other things, provide for a vibrant economy. The city of Tiruppur is the administrative headquarters for the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,479,052 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.
2003–04 British National League season
The 2003–04 British National League season was the eighth season of the British National League, the second level of ice hockey in Great Britain. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Guildford Flames won the championship.

Guildford Flames
The Guildford Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Guildford, Surrey. They play their home games in the Guildford Spectrum and compete in the top-tier of hockey in the United Kingdom, the Elite Ice Hockey League.

Founded in October 1992, the Flames originally played in the second-tier leagues of British hockey, first the British National League until 2004, and subsequently the English Premier Ice Hockey League until 2017. On 24 February 2017 it was announced that the Flames would become the 12th Elite Ice Hockey League team, joining from the 2017–18 season.

The team's head coach is Paul Dixon, who took over after Stan Marple retired in 2007.
Bicon Dental Implants
Bicon Dental Implants is a privately owned company located in Boston, MA.  The company specializes in short dental implants that use a locking taper or cold welding connection to secure the abutment to the implant.  Bicon is notable and worthy of mention for the following three reasons: First, Bicon implants are extremely short in length. The size of Bicon implants allow them to be placed in regions that are crowded with natural teeth and/or implants, or in regions that would otherwise require bone grafting.
Second, the implants do not have the screw-form design typical of other available implants.  Third, the abutments are connected to the implant via a locking taper.  This is notable from both a medical and engineering standpoint as no other implant company offers an implant with a biological seal at the implant/abutment interface; almost all other implants possess an internal screw to connect their abutments.

Stryker
The Stryker is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III, which in turn derived from the Swiss Mowag Piranha. Stryker vehicles are produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) for the United States Army in a plant in London, Ontario. It has four-wheel drive (8×4) and can be switched to all-wheel drive (8×8).

The Stryker was conceived as a family of vehicles forming the backbone of a new medium-weight brigade combat team (BCT) that was to strike a balance between armored brigade combat teams (heavy armor) and infantry brigade combat teams. The service launched the Interim Armored Vehicle competition, and in 2000, the service selected the LAV III proposed by GDLS and General Motors Defense. The service named this family of vehicles the "Stryker".

Ten variants of the Stryker were initially conceived, some of which have been upgraded with v-hulls.
Smart Pension
Smart Pension is a pensions and retirement technology business, delivering pensions technology platforms in partnership with other financial institutions, and running a defined contribution master trust pension scheme setup for employers to enrol employees in a workplace pension scheme.

The Pensions Regulator
The Pensions Regulator (TPR) is a UK non-departmental public body responsible for regulating work-based pension schemes. It was created by the Pensions Act 2004 and replaced the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority (OPRA) from 6 April 2005, adopting a proactive, risk-based approach to regulation. TPR’s statutory objectives include protecting members’ benefits, reducing risks to the Pension Protection Fund (PPF), promoting good administration of schemes, and maximising employer compliance with automatic enrolment duties, while minimising any adverse impact on an employer’s sustainable growth when exercising certain functions.
Chevron butterflyfish
The chevron butterflyfish (Chaetodon trifascialis), also known as chevroned butterflyfish, triangulate butterflyfish or V-lined butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

Chevron butterflyfish should not be confused with melon butterflyfish (Chaetodon trifasciatus), three-striped butterflyfish (Chaetodon tricinctus), or three-banded butterflyfish (Chaetodon robustus).

Three-banded butterflyfish
The three-banded butterflyfish (Chaetodon robustus) is a species of fish in the family Chaetodontidae.

It inhabits the eastern-central Atlantic Ocean, in warm tropical waters from Mauritania down to Cape Verde and the Gulf of Guinea. It is present in coral reefs, from 30 to 70 meters deep. Its maximum length is 14.5 cm.
Dialypetalantheae
Dialypetalantheae, synonym Condamineeae, is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 305 species in 31 genera. Most genera are found in Central and Southern Tropical America, but a few occur in Southeast Asia.

Capirona
Capirona is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Capirona decorticans, which is native to northern South America. It has been reported from French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern Brazil.
MetaCard
MetaCard is a discontinued cross-platform, commercial HyperCard clone. MetaCard included an IDE, a GUI toolkit and had its own language, MetaTalk. From the MetaCard Corporation website: "The MetaTalk language has all the features common to third-generation languages like C/C++/Java but has a much simpler syntax."

Cross Worlds Computing developed applications on the MetaCard platform (e.g., Ten Thumbs Typing Tutor) and developed their own MetaCard IDE called Revolution. They agreed to take over MetaCard development adding the language and runtime to Revolution and changed their name to Runtime Revolution (RunRev). RunRev did not adapt the original MetaCard IDE and it was made available as free and open-source software via a Yahoo! group and a RunRev hosted mailing list. Runtime Revolution changed the name of Revolution to LiveCode and then changed their name to LiveCode, Ltd. as well.

Widget toolkit
A widget toolkit, widget library, GUI toolkit, GUI framework, UI framework, or UX library is a library or a collection of libraries containing a set of graphical control elements (called widgets) used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs.

Most widget toolkits additionally include their own rendering engine. This engine can be specific to a certain operating system or windowing system or contain back-ends to interface with multiple ones and also with rendering APIs such as OpenGL, OpenVG, or EGL.
The look and feel of the graphical control elements can be hard-coded or decoupled, allowing the graphical control elements to be themed/skinned.
Fortescue Ash
Christianity portal

Fortescue Leo Ash (1882–1956) was the fourth Anglican Bishop of Rockhampton in Australia from 1928 until 1946.

Ash was born in Singleton, New South Wales on 26 August 1882 educated at St. Paul's College, Sydney. He trained for ordination at St John's College, Armidale and was ordained deacon in 1908 and priest in 1910. His first post was as a curate at St Anne's Strathfield, New South Wales after which he was rector of Ravenswood, Queensland before wartime service as a chaplain with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). He was then appointed rector of Mackay, Queensland where he remained until his ordination to the episcopate. He died on 22 April 1956.

Anglican Diocese of Rockhampton
The Diocese of Rockhampton  (also known as Anglican Church Central Queensland) is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia, founded in 1892. It is situated in the central part of the state of Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Province of Queensland. The cathedral church of the diocese is St Paul's Cathedral in Rockhampton.

On 18 July 2020, Peter Grice, the Dean of Geraldton since 2015 and vicar-general of the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia, was elected as the 13th Bishop of Rockhampton. He was installed in the position on 27 February 2021.
Gilia flavocincta
Gilia flavocincta, the lesser yellowthroat gilia, is a plant in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae) found in the Arizona Uplands of the Sonoran Desert.: 115  The plants grow in extensive patches of pink-lavender flowers that fill the air with a sweet honey scent.: 115

Flora of the Sonoran Desert
Flora of the Sonoran Desert includes six subdivisions based on vegetation types.: 2–3  Two are north of the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and four are south of the boundary.: 2–3  The flora of the Colorado Desert are influenced by the environment of the very dry and hot lower areas of the Colorado River valley, which may be barren, treeless, and generally have no large cacti.: 3  Flora of the Arizona Upland are comparatively lush, with trees and large columnar cacti that can withstand winter frosts.: 3  Those subdivisions of the Sonoran Desert which lie south of the international border are characterized by plants that cannot withstand frost.: 3
Where-to-be-born Index
The Where-to-be-born Index, formerly known as the Quality-of-life Index (QLI), was last published by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2013. Its purpose was to assess which country offered the most favorable conditions for a healthy, secure, and prosperous life in the years following its release.

It was based on a method that combines the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys with the objective determinants of quality of life across countries, as well as forecasts for economic growth.

Life satisfaction
Life satisfaction is an evaluation of a person's quality of life. It is assessed in terms of mood, relationship satisfaction, achieved goals, self-concepts, and the self-perceived ability to cope with life. Life satisfaction involves a favorable attitude towards life—rather than an assessment of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economic standing, degree of education, experiences, residence, and other factors.

Life satisfaction is a key part of subjective well-being. Many factors influence subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Socio-demographic factors include gender, age, marital status, income, and education. Psychosocial factors include health, illness, functional ability, activity level, and social relationships. People tend to gain life satisfaction as they get older.
Morrisson (rapper)
Jonathan Francis Morrisson (born 1987) known professionally as Morrisson, is a British rapper. Several of his singles charted on the UK Singles Chart in 2020–21, while also reaching the top 40 of the UK R&B Singles Chart. His 2021 UK garage single, "House & Garage", reached No. 46 and features rapper Aitch. Morrisson has also collaborated with Bugzy Malone, Giggs, Harry James, Headie One, Jordan McCann, Kelly Kiara, Krept & Konan, Loski,  M1llionz, Sidhu Moose Wala, Steel Banglez, Tion Wayne among others.

Krept and Konan
Krept and Konan is a British hip hop duo from London, consisting of Casyo Valentine "Krept" Johnson BEM (born 4 February 1990, Gipsy Hill) and Karl Dominic "Konan" Wilson BEM (born 3 September 1989, Thornton Heath), the son of Delroy Wilson otherwise known as 'Jamaica's first child star'. Their first major release was the mixtape Young Kingz, released on 2 September 2013. As of 3 May 2013, Krept and Konan signed a record deal with Virgin EMI Records.

Their debut album The Long Way Home was released on 5 July 2015 and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 2. The duo's highest-charting single is "Freak of the Week" featuring Jeremih, which charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Krept and Konan have both starred together in the film The Intent (2016) and reprised their roles in the prequel The Intent 2: The Come Up (2018).
Lewistown Air Force Station
Lewistown Air Force Station (ADC ID: TM-178 NORAD ID: Z-178) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located 7.0 miles (11.3 km)  east-southeast of Hilger, Montana.  It was closed in 1971.

AN/FPS-6 Radar
The AN/FPS-6 Radar was a long-range height finding radar used by the United States Air Force's Air Defense Command. The AN/FPS-6 radar was introduced into service in the late 1950s and served as the principal height-finder radar for the United States for several decades thereafter. It was also used by the Royal Air Force alongside their AMES Type 80s. Built by General Electric, the S-band radar operated on a frequency of 2700 to 2900 MHz. Between 1953 and 1960, about 450 units of the AN/FPS-6 and the mobile AN/MPS-14 version were produced. The AN/FPS-90 and AN/FPS-116 radars were identical to the AN/FPS-6 except for receiver modifications.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/FPS-6" designation represents the 6th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for fixed ground search radar. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.
Booubyjan Homestead
Booubyjan Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead at Booubyjan Road, Booubyjan, Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from the 1860s to the 1870s circa. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Gympie Region
The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Brisbane, the state capital. It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro.

The Regional Council, which governs the Region, has an estimated operating budget of A$50 million.

In the 2021 census, the Gympie Region had a population of 53,242 people.
Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.

No. 11 Group RAF
No. 11 Group is a group in the Royal Air Force first formed in 1918. It had been formed and disbanded for various periods during the 20th century before disbanding in 1996 and reforming again in 2018. Its most famous service was in 1940 in the Battle of Britain during the Second World War, when it defended London and the south-east of the United Kingdom from attacks by the German Luftwaffe.

It was reformed in late 2018 as a "multi-domain operations group" to ensure the service thinks and acts in a networked way. Today the group commands and controls air operations worldwide. It provides Air Defence of the UK through the National Air & Space Operations Centre, the ability to deploy with other services and nations with the Joint Force Air Component and projecting air power in the Middle East through 83 Expeditionary Air Group (EAG)."
Philippine Studies (journal)
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the history and ethnography of the Philippines and its peoples. It is published by the Ateneo de Manila University and was established by Leo A. Cullum in 1953 as Philippine Studies, obtaining its subtitle in 2012. The editor-in-chief is Michael D. Pante. Issues can be accessed via its website, the university's journals portal, and other online databases such as JSTOR and Project MUSE.

In 2007, a redesign of the journal was commissioned "to make the journal more appealing to a younger generation of scholars and academics." All covers were blue and gray prior to the redesign. The new look features a distinctive cover color that varies per issue and a new layout that is "more sensitive to the inclusion of graphics."

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Gwadar Purchase
The Gwadar Purchase (Urdu: گوادر کا حصول, lit. 'Acquisition of Gwadar') was the acquisition of the territory of Gwadar by Pakistan from Muscat and Oman in 1958. Pakistan was able to acquire 15,210 square kilometres (5,870 sq mi) of land on the coast of Balochistan for around 5.5 billion Pakistani rupees (or 1.15 billion US dollars as of 1958), paid mostly by Aga Khan IV.

The deal was made with the efforts of Prime Minister of Pakistan Feroz Khan Noon and Said bin Taimur, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and Pakistan was able to purchase the land on 8 September 1958, and it officially became a part of Pakistan on 8 December 1958.

The local life in Omani Gwadar was mainly around fishing, trade, and agriculture, with the Baluchi tribes forming the primary community, living in a mix of traditional mud-brick homes, and relying on the sea for their livelihood, while also engaging in regional commerce that connected them to Oman, India, and East Africa.

Khanate of Kalat
The Khanate of Kalat, also known as the Brahui Confederacy, was a Brahui Khanate that originated in the modern-day Kalat region of Pakistan. Formed in 1666 due to the threat of Mughal expansion in the region, it controlled the wider Balochistan at its greatest extent in the mid-18th century, extending from Kerman in the west to Sindh in the east and from Helmand River in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.

The Khanate of Kalat was sacked by the British in 1839. In 1875, Kalat became a self-governing state under a subsidiary alliance with British India following the signing of the Treaty of Kalat by the Khan of Kalat and the Brahui Sardars. Supervision of Kalat was assigned to the Baluchistan Agency. Kalat remained independent from 12 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when its ruler, Ahmad Yar Khan, acceded to Pakistan
Newcourt, Exeter
Newcourt is a suburb of Exeter and Topsham in Devon, England, located between Digby and Topsham. It has a railway station and forms part of the electoral ward of Topsham. Other local amenities include a school and a community centre.

Digby, Devon
Digby was a hamlet on the eastern edge of the city of Exeter in Devon, England, located by Clyst Heath.

Between 1886 and 1987 it was the location of Exeter Lunatic Asylum, later known as Digby Hospital. Today it is mainly an area of housing, out-of-town retail and light industrial developments on the outskirts of the city with new developments of a McDonald’s on the edge of the Tesco supermarket served by a frequent bus services on areas of Digby which mainly transports people into the city centre but also has Digby & Sowton railway station which has a high importance to the people living in Digby.