hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charley Stanceu
Charles Stanceu (Romanian: Charles Stanciu; January 9, 1916 – April 3, 1969) was an American professional baseball player of Romanian descent who played in 39 Major League games in 1941 and 1946 with the New York Yankees and the Philadelphia Phillies. A pitcher, he batted and threw right-handed.

Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans (Romanian: români americani) are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2023 American Community Survey, 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, which are most likely more accurate, for the numbers of Romanian Americans in the contemporary United States; for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics
The Sobolev Institute of Mathematics (SIM) was founded in 1957 by Sergei Sobolev. It is located in Akademgorodok and it constitutes part of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Sergey S. Goncharov is the director.

The institute was founded as part of a broader project developed by Sobolev, Mikhail Lavrentyev and Sergey Khristianovich which received official support on 18 May 1957. The broader project led to the foundation of the Novosibirsk State University and the town of Akademgorodok. However SIM was one of the first academic institutes to be set up being founded in 1957.

Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SBRAS) was established by  the Decree of the Government of the USSR  which was based on the proposal of Mikhail Lavrentyev, Sergei Sobolev and Sergey Khristianovich in 1957 as a regional division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, replacing a previous small branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.  Novosibirsk State University was founded to serve as a staff base for the Siberian Branch.

Lavrentyev was also the founding chairman of the branch.
Tito, Basilicata
Tito (Lucano: Lu Titu) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Abriola, Picerno, Pignola, Potenza, Sant'Angelo Le Fratte, Sasso di Castalda, Satriano di Lucania, Savoia di Lucania.

Picerno
Picerno is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Balvano, Baragiano, Potenza, Ruoti, Savoia di Lucania, Tito, and Vietri di Potenza.
7th Youth in Film Awards
The 7th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film and television for the 1984-1985 season, and took place on December 15, 1985, at the Ambassador Hotel's historical Coconut Grove night club in Los Angeles, California.  Hosting the ceremony that year was 10-year-old Drew Barrymore.

Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.

Los Angeles Daily News
The Los Angeles Daily News is the second-largest-circulating paid daily newspaper of Los Angeles, California, after the unrelated Los Angeles Times, and the flagship newspaper of the Southern California News Group, a branch of Colorado-based Digital First Media.

The offices of the Daily News are in Chatsworth, and much of the paper's reporting is targeted toward readers in the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. Its stories tend to focus on issues involving local San Fernando Valley businesses, education, and crime.

The editor currently is Frank Pine.
Salena Jones
Salena Jones (born Joan Elizabeth Shaw, January 29, 1938) is an American jazz and cabaret singer.  After performing and recording in the US as Joan Shaw from the late 1940s until the early 1960s, in various styles including jazz and R&B, she moved to England and from then on performed as Salena Jones.  She has toured internationally and recorded over forty albums.

Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Lois Vaughan (/vɔːn/,  March 27, 1924 – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer and pianist. Nicknamed "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and the "Queen of Bebop", she won two Grammy Awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award, and was nominated for a total of nine Grammy Awards. She was given an NEA Jazz Masters Award in 1989. Critic Scott Yanow wrote that she had "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century".
Kate-bukuro
The kate-bukuro (provisions bag) was a commonly-worn component of samurai attire during periods such as the Sengoku period (1467–1615) of Japan. A kate-bukuro was a provisions bag used by the samurai class and their retainers. For ordinary officers, these provisions bags were known as koshi-zuto. These types of bags were made of twisted paper strings within the style of fine basketwork, and measures around 1 shaku to 9 sun (around 30 cm (12 in)). These bags were then carried at the right side of the waist.

Another bag, carrying 3 or 4 gō of uncooked rice, was also considered advisable to carry. Baked rice was also regularly carried in cold weather, due to its emission of heat.

Shaku (unit)
The shaku (Japanese: 尺) or Japanese foot is a Japanese unit of length derived (but varying) from the Chinese chi, originally based upon the distance measured by a human hand from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger (compare span). Traditionally, the length varied by location or use, but it is now standardized as 10/33 m, or approximately 30.3 centimeters (11.9 in).
Aquino, Italy
Aquino (Italian pronunciation: [aˈkwi.no]) is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Cassino.

The name comes from the Latin Aquinum, probably from aqua, meaning "water" as witnessed by the abundance of water that still crosses the territory today, including many small springs.

Cassino
Cassino (Italian pronunciation: [kasˈsiːno]) is a comune in the province of Frosinone at the southern end of the region of Lazio. It is the last city of the Latin Valley.

It is located at the foot of Monte Cairo near the confluence of the Gari and Liri rivers and on the via Casilina between Rome and Naples. The city is best known as the site of the Abbey of Montecassino and the Battle of Monte Cassino during World War II, which resulted in huge Allied and German casualties, as well as the nearly total destruction of the town itself. It is also home to the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio.

Cassino has a population of 35,969 as of July 2017, making it the second-largest town in the province.
LGBTQ issues at the 2022 FIFA World Cup
Rights for LGBT people in Qatar are essentially nonexistent, with homosexuality as well as campaigning for LGBTQ rights criminalised. As such, when Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the choice to do so in a restrictive nation saw much criticism, with several topics becoming the subject of controversy.

2022 FIFA World Cup Group B
Group B of the 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 21 to 29 November 2022. The group consisted of national association football teams from England, Iran, the United States and Wales. Both England and the United States progressed to the round of 16 undefeated. England won the group, winning two games and drawing the other, while the United States won one game and drew the other two. Iran finished the group third, having won a game, with Wales finishing fourth with a single point.

Initially noted for unusually containing four teams all ranked in the top 20 at the time of the tournament, as well as two teams within the same sovereign state and other geopolitical conflicts, various incidents relating to Qatar's ban on LGBTQ+ symbols affected the games on the first match day.
Joshua Cooper (died 1757)
Joshua Cooper (c. 1696 – 4 August 1757) was an Irish landowner and politician from Markree Castle, near Collooney in County Sligo.

He  was High Sheriff of Sligo in 1718, and sat in the House of Commons of Ireland as Member of Parliament (MP) for County Sligo from 1719 until his death.

Cooper was the oldest son of Arthur Cooper (1667–1693) of Markree and his wife Mary Allen, daughter of Sir Joshua Allen and brother of the 1st Viscount Allen. Arthur's father was Edward Cooper (c. 1616–1676), a cornet in the Cromwellian army who was awarded lands in County Sligo in 1663 after the defeat of the O'Brien Clan. Edward bequeathed Markree to Arthur, and his lands in Limerick and Kerry to Arthur's younger brother Richard.

Joshua Cooper married Mary Bingham, the daughter of Richard Bingham of Newbrook, County Mayo. They had two sons, Joshua (1732–1800) and Richard.
On his death, the Markree estate passed to Joshua, who was also an MP and became a Privy Councillor.

John Allen, 1st Viscount Allen
Captain John Allen, 1st Viscount Allen, PC (13 February 1660 – 8 November 1726), was an Irish peer and politician.

He was born in Dublin, the son of Sir Joshua Allen, and educated at Trinity College Dublin.

In 1691 he was appointed High Sheriff of County Dublin and then represented County Dublin as an MP three times, from 1692 to 1693, from 1703 to 1713 and from 1715 to 1717. Allen sat also as Member of Parliament (MP) for County Carlow between 1795 and 1703 and then for County Wicklow between 1713 and 1715. On 28 August 1717, he was created Baron Allen, of Stillorgan, in County Dublin, and Viscount Allen in County Kildare.
Celebration on the Grand
Celebration on the Grand was a free music festival held in Grand Rapids, Michigan to celebrate the quality of life in the Grand River valley and to act as an unofficial end to the summer for Grand Rapids.  It included a fireworks display.  The event was held annually on the weekend following Labor Day weekend.   Celebration on the Grand (COTG) was organized by a board of directors, committee members and event staff who all volunteer their time.

The first Celebration on the Grand took place in 1980 as a part of the events that opened the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum, the Amway Grand Plaza Hotel, and the Grand Rapids Art Museum's move to the old Federal Building.

Funding was provided by corporate sponsorships, private donations and fund raising activities held by COTG volunteers during the event.

In 2015, the Celebration on the Grand organization dissolved, ending the festival after more than 30 years.

Grand River (Michigan)
The Grand River (Ottawa: owashtanong, "Far-Flowing Water") is a 252-mile-long (406 km) river in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The longest river in Michigan, the Grand River rises in Hillsdale County, and flows in a generally northwesterly direction to its mouth at Lake Michigan in the city of Grand Haven. The river flows through a number of cities, including Jackson, Lansing, Ionia, and Grand Rapids.

The river was famous for its mile-long, 300-yard-wide, and 10-to-15-foot-tall rapids, for which the city of Grand Rapids was named. These rapids were submerged following the construction of numerous dams, starting in 1835, and flooding of areas behind the dams. The river has not had any rapids for nearly a century.
Cyanea (cnidarian)
Cyanea is a genus of jellyfish, primarily found in northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and southern Pacific waters of Australia and New Zealand, there are also several boreal, polar, tropical and sub-tropical species. Commonly found in and associated with rivers and fjords. The same genus name has been given to a genus of plants of the Hawaiian lobelioids, an example of a parahomonym (same name, different kingdom).

Lion's mane jellyfish
The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) is one of the largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel, Irish Sea, North Sea, and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund. It may also drift into the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea (where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia and New Zealand. The largest recorded specimen was measured off the coast of Massachusetts in 1865 and had a bell with a diameter of 210 centimetres (7 feet) and tentacles around 36.6 m (120 ft) long. Lion's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42°N latitude for some time in the larger bays of the East Coast of the United States.
Academic skepticism
Academic skepticism was the philosophy of the skeptical period of the Academy dating from around 266 BCE, when Arcesilaus became scholarch, until around 90 BCE, when Antiochus of Ascalon rejected skepticism, although individual philosophers, such as Favorinus and his teacher Plutarch, continued to defend skepticism after this date. Unlike the existing school of skepticism, the Pyrrhonists, they maintained that knowledge of things is impossible. Ideas or notions are never true; nevertheless, there are degrees of plausibility, and hence degrees of belief, which allow one to act. The school was characterized by its attacks on the Stoics, particularly their dogma that convincing impressions led to true knowledge. The most important Academics were Arcesilaus, Carneades, and Philo of Larissa. The most extensive ancient source of information about Academic skepticism is Academica, written by the Academic skeptic philosopher Cicero.

Scholarch
A scholarch (Ancient Greek: σχολάρχης, scholarchēs) was the head of a school in ancient Greece. The term is especially remembered for its use to mean the heads of schools of philosophy, such as the Platonic Academy in ancient Athens. Its first scholarch was Plato himself, the founder and proprietor. He held the position for forty years, appointing his nephew Speusippus as his successor. The members of the Academy elected later scholarchs.

A list of scholarchs of the four main philosophy schools during the Hellenistic period, with the approximate dates they headed the schools, is as follows:
Jack Pope
Andrew Jackson Pope Jr., known as Jack Pope (April 18, 1913 – February 25, 2017), was an American judge, attorney, author and legal scholar who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Texas.

Pope previously held the record for the longest sitting justice in Texas Supreme Court history before current Chief Justice Nathan Hecht surpassed him. Altogether, Pope served on the bench for 38 years, including the District Court, Court of Appeals, and Supreme Court. At the time of his 100th birthday, he was the oldest living former Chief Justice of any supreme court in the United States, as well as the longest living chief justice of any supreme court of any state in United States history.

Interest on Lawyers' Trust Accounts
Interest on Lawyers' Trust Accounts (IOLTA) is a method of raising money for charitable purposes, primarily the provision of civil legal services to indigent persons, through the use of interest earned on certain lawyer trust accounts. The establishment of IOLTA in the United States followed changes to federal banking laws passed by Congress in 1980 which allowed some checking accounts to bear interest. The Florida Bar Foundation  launched the first American IOLTA program in 1981. Today, every state, the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands operate IOLTA programs.
Whitehead's lemma (Lie algebra)
In homological algebra, Whitehead's lemmas (named after J. H. C. Whitehead) represent a series of statements regarding representation theory of finite-dimensional, semisimple Lie algebras in characteristic zero. Historically, they are regarded as leading to the discovery of Lie algebra cohomology.

One usually makes the distinction between Whitehead's first and second lemma for the corresponding statements about first and second order cohomology, respectively, but there are similar statements pertaining to Lie algebra cohomology in arbitrary orders which are also attributed to Whitehead.

The first Whitehead lemma is an important step toward the proof of Weyl's theorem on complete reducibility.

Casimir element
In mathematics, a Casimir element (also known as a Casimir invariant or Casimir operator) is a distinguished element of the center of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra. A prototypical example is the squared angular momentum operator, which is a Casimir element of the three-dimensional rotation group.

More generally, Casimir elements can be used to refer to any element of the center of the universal enveloping algebra. The algebra of these elements is known to be isomorphic to a polynomial algebra through the Harish-Chandra isomorphism.

The Casimir element is named after Hendrik Casimir, who identified them in his description of rigid body dynamics in 1931.
Deaths in April 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Wiley protocol
The Wiley Protocol is a form of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) devised and advocated by author T. S. Wiley.  The protocol claims to relieve the symptoms of menopause but is also promoted as increasing overall health through the recreation of a pre-menopausal woman's monthly hormonal cycle using rhythmic doses of hormones standardized to a uniform purity.  Wiley claims the protocol is a step beyond the symptomatic treatment of conventional hormone replacement therapy.

The protocol has been criticized by members of the medical community for the dosages of the hormones used, side effects of the treatment, potential physiologic effects, Wiley's lack of medical or clinical qualifications to design the protocol, lack of empirical evidence demonstrating it as safe or effective, ethical problems with the clinical trial that is being run to test it and potential financial conflicts of interest regarding financial incentives.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
Poppea: A Prostitute in Service of the Emperor
Poppea: A Prostitute in Service of the Emperor (Italian: Poppea... una prostituta al servizio dell'impero) is a 1972 commedia sexy all'italiana film co-written and directed by Alfonso Brescia starring Femi Benussi and Don Backy.

Commedia sexy all'italiana
The commedia sexy all'italiana (Italian: [komˈmɛːdja ˈsɛksi allitaˈljaːna], lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata ("low-cut comedy") or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of the Italian commedia all'italiana film genre.
Lunch shaming
Lunch shaming is a general term referring to when a student is singled out and embarrassed or shamed due to them or their parents not being able to pay for school lunches, or if they have any unpaid lunch debt. Lunch shaming can involve having a marker, like a stamp or wristband, indicating that the child cannot afford a school lunch due to debt or a lack of money, or it can involve being served less expensive cold lunches as opposed to hot lunches.

Lunch shaming is often blamed on the limited meal budgets public schools have to work with in the United States, which would lead many schools to pursue any outstanding debt in order to recoup costs. According to attorney Jessica Webster, "This is a financial transaction between school district and a parent. Kids shouldn't be placed in the middle or ever fear being turned away from the lunch counter."

Embarrassment
Embarrassment or awkwardness is an emotional state that is associated with mild to severe levels of discomfort, and which is usually experienced when someone commits (or thinks of) a socially unacceptable or frowned-upon act that is witnessed by or revealed to others. Frequently grouped with shame and guilt, embarrassment is considered a "self-conscious emotion", and it can have a profoundly negative impact on a person's thoughts or behavior.

Usually, some perception of loss of honor or dignity (or other high-value ideals) is involved, but the embarrassment level and the type depends on the situation.
Black Water (song)
"Black Water" is a song recorded by the American music group the Doobie Brothers from their 1974 album What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits. The track features its composer Patrick Simmons on lead vocals and, in mid-March 1975, became the first of the Doobie Brothers' two No. 1 hit singles.

Novi Novog
Ilene Novog, known professionally as Novi Novog, is an American violist. She is sometimes simply credited as "Novi" and is a cousin of Lauren Wood (also known as "Chunky"). In 1973, Novi became one of three members of her cousin's band Chunky, Novi and Ernie with the bassist Ernie Eremita (April 15, 2018).
Israel–Morocco relations
The State of Israel and the Kingdom of Morocco formally established diplomatic relations in 2020, when both sides signed the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement in light of the Abraham Accords. While official ties had previously not existed due to the Arab–Israeli conflict, the two countries maintained a secretive bilateral relationship on a number of fronts following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. For many years, Moroccan king Hassan II facilitated a relationship with Israeli authorities, and these ties are considered to have been instrumental in stabilizing Morocco and striking down possible anti-monarchy threats within the country. The Israeli passport is accepted for entry into Morocco, with a visa granted on arrival. With the bilateral normalization agreement in December 2020, Morocco officially recognized Israeli statehood. Almost three years later, in July 2023, Israel officially recognized Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara.

HIAS
HIAS, founded as the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, is an international Jewish humanitarian nonprofit organization that provides services to refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced people. It was established between 1881 and 1903 to help Eastern European Jewish immigrants to the United States escaping antisemitic persecution and violence. In 1975, the State Department asked HIAS to aid in resettling Vietnam refugees. Since that time, the organization has continued to provide support for refugees of all nationalities, religions and ethnic origins.

Working with host communities, HIAS works with refugees, asylum seekers, and other forcibly displaced and stateless persons. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.