hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Atlantic oscillation
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a weather phenomenon over the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric pressure at sea level (SLP) between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. Through fluctuations in the strength of the Icelandic Low and the Azores High, it controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and location of storm tracks across the North Atlantic.

The NAO was discovered through several studies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Unlike the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, the NAO is a largely atmospheric mode. It is one of the most important manifestations of climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic and surrounding humid climates.

The North Atlantic Oscillation is closely related to the Arctic oscillation (AO) (or Northern Annular Mode (NAM)), but should not be confused with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO).

Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), also known as Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), is the theorized variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) of the North Atlantic Ocean on the timescale of several decades.

While there is some support for this mode in models and in historical observations, controversy exists with regard to its amplitude, and whether it has a typical timescale and can be classified as an oscillation. There is also discussion on the attribution of sea surface temperature change to natural or anthropogenic causes, especially in tropical Atlantic areas important for hurricane development. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation is also connected with shifts in hurricane activity, rainfall patterns and intensity, and changes in fish populations.
Mramor (mountain)
Mramor is a mountain peak in Kosovo in the Šar Mountains in the Gora (region) next to North Macedonia and Albania. Mramor reaches a top height of 2,298 m (7,539 ft). The nearest peaks are Ovčinec, Murga (peak) and Titov Vrv. The next town is Brod (Prizren). The next biggest lake is Šutmansko Lake. It is one of the higher peaks in Kosovo.

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
Rhian Edmunds
Rhian Edmunds (born 4 April 2003) is a British and Welsh track cyclist. She was a bronze medalist representing Wales in the team sprint at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. She was a three-time silver medalist representing Great Britain at the 2025 UEC European Track Championships, winning the medals in the team sprint, individual sprint and the kierin.

2022 British National Track Championships
The 2022 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions. The National Track Championships (excluding certain events) were due to be held from 28 to 30 January 2022 at the Geraint Thomas National Velodrome in Newport, Wales. However, following further issues regarding the COVID-19 pandemic the event was rescheduled for 3 March to 6 March.

They are organised and sanctioned by British Cycling, and are open to British cyclists. The championships are sponsored by HSBC.

The Derny, Omnium, Madison, Tandem and inaugural Elimination events took place at various other dates throughout the year.
Stanisław Zaremba (mathematician)
Stanisław Zaremba (3 October 1863 – 23 November 1942) was a Polish mathematician and engineer. His research in partial differential equations, applied mathematics and classical analysis, particularly on harmonic functions, gained him a wide recognition. He was one of the mathematicians who contributed to the success of the Polish School of Mathematics through his teaching and organizational skills as well as through his research. Apart from his research works, Zaremba wrote many university textbooks and monographs.

He was a professor of the Jagiellonian University (since 1900), member of Academy of Learning (since 1903), co-founder and president of the Polish Mathematical Society (1919), and the first editor of the Annales de la Société Polonaise de Mathématique.

He should not be confused with his son Stanisław Krystyn Zaremba, also a mathematician.

Kazimierz Kuratowski
Kazimierz Kuratowski (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ kuraˈtɔfskʲi]; 2 February 1896 – 18 June 1980) was a Polish mathematician and logician. He was one of the leading representatives of the Warsaw School of Mathematics. He worked as a professor at the University of Warsaw and at the Mathematical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IM PAN). Between 1946 and 1953, he served as President of the Polish Mathematical Society.

He is primarily known for his contributions to set theory, topology, measure theory and graph theory. Some of the notable mathematical concepts bearing Kuratowski's name include Kuratowski's theorem, Kuratowski closure axioms, Kuratowski-Zorn lemma and Kuratowski's intersection theorem.
The Legion of Missing Men
The Legion of Missing Men is a 1937 Monogram Pictures film about the French Foreign Legion set in the French protectorate of Morocco. Directed by Hamilton MacFadden, it stars Ralph Forbes who had also served in the cinematic Foreign Legion in Beau Geste (1926) and Beau Ideal (1931). Singer and actress Hala Linda was married to Richard Gump, the composer of the film's "The Legionnaires Song". It was the only film of Monogram's Marlene Dietrich imitator. The film features scenes reused from a silent film, presumably Under Two Flags.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Cirendeu
Cirendeu, also spelled Cireundeu, is a suburb of the town of Ciputat.  It is located in the city of South Tangerang, Banten Province in Indonesia.  The suburb was home to the Situ Gintung, an artificial lake and dam which was breached on 27 March 2009, causing the deaths of at least 99 people.

Ciputat
Ciputat is a town and an administrative district (kecamatan) in the city of South Tangerang, in Banten Province on Java, Indonesia and is inside the Greater Jakarta metropolitan area. It covers an area of 21.11 km2 and had a population of 192,205 at the 2010 Census and 202,722 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 222,186.
Canadian Subject Headings
Canadian Subject Headings (CSH) is a list of subject headings in the English language, using controlled vocabulary, to access and express the topic content of documents on Canada and Canadian topics. Library and Archives Canada publishes and maintains CSH on the Web. Prior to the merger of the National Library of Canada and the National Archives of Canada, the National Library of Canada published a print version of CSH.

Université Laval also publishes Répertoire de vedettes-matière (RVM), a list intended to provide access to Canadian subject headings in the French language.

Controlled vocabulary
A controlled vocabulary provides a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval. Controlled vocabularies are used in subject indexing schemes, subject headings, thesauri, taxonomies and other knowledge organization systems. Controlled vocabulary schemes mandate the use of predefined, preferred terms that have been preselected by the designers of the schemes, in contrast to natural language vocabularies, which have no such restriction.
Australia at the Hopman Cup
Australia is a nation that has competed at each edition of the Hopman Cup tournament since the inaugural event in 1989. Australia won the title in 1999 and 2016, and finished as the runners up in 1989 and 2003.

Great Britain at the Hopman Cup
Great Britain is a nation that has competed at eight Hopman Cup tournaments and appeared in the first edition in 1989. Great Britain's best result is finishing runner-up to Spain at the 2010 Hopman Cup. Their most successful player is Andy Murray, who was one of that year's finalists.
Leonora Jackson McKim
Leonora Jackson McKim (born Leonora Jackson, February 20, 1879, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States; died January 7, 1969, in Baltimore, Maryland, United States) was one of the first American women to achieve international acclaim as a concert violinist, and was credited with improving the perception of American artists in Europe: "Leonora Jackson was the first American violinist whom European opinions recognized to equal any of its great artists and who conquered all prejudice as to the supposed inferiority of American talent."

Boston Symphony Orchestra
The Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Boston. It is the second-oldest orchestra in the United States and one the five major American symphony orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five". Founded by Henry Lee Higginson in 1881, the BSO performs most of its concerts at Boston's Symphony Hall and in the summer performs at Tanglewood.

Since its founding, the orchestra has had 17 music directors, including George Henschel, Serge Koussevitzky, Henri Rabaud, Pierre Monteux, Charles Munch, Erich Leinsdorf, William Steinberg and James Levine. Andris Nelsons is the current music director of the BSO. Seiji Ozawa had held the title of BSO music director laureate. Bernard Haitink had held the title of principal guest conductor of the BSO from 1995 to 2004, then conductor emeritus until his death in 2021. The orchestra has made gramophone recordings since 1917 and has occasionally played on soundtrack recordings for films, including Schindler's List.
Blommersia wittei
Blommersia wittei is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savanna, moist savanna, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and ponds.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Outline of the Cook Islands
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Cook Islands:

Cook Islands – self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand.  The fifteen small islands in this South Pacific Ocean country have a total land area of 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi), but the Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1.8 million square kilometres (0.7 million sq mi) of ocean. The main population centres are on the island of Rarotonga (c.10,000), where there is an international airport. Defence is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request. In recent times, the Cook Islands have adopted an increasingly independent foreign policy.

Politics of the Cook Islands
The politics of the Cook Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy within a constitutional monarchy. The monarch of New Zealand, represented in the Cook Islands by the King or Queen's Representative, is the head of state; the prime minister is the head of government of a multi-party system. The nation is self-governing and fully responsible for its internal and foreign affairs; it has run its own foreign and defence policy since 2001. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislatures.
Elías Querejeta
Elías Querejeta Gárate (27 October 1934 – 9 June 2013), also known as Elías Querejeta (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈli.as keɾeˈxeta]) and known in the Spanish film industry as "The Producer", was a Spanish screenwriter and film producer. He is the father of Gracia Querejeta.

Fernando León de Aranoa
Fernando León de Aranoa (born 26 May 1968) is a Spanish screenwriter and film director.

León de Aranoa entered the film industry as a screenwriter. He made his feature film directorial debut with Familia, which won him the Goya Award for Best New Director. He is together with Pedro Almodóvar the awardee with most Goya Awards for Best Director (3), which he won with Barrio (1998), Mondays in the Sun (2002), and The Good Boss (2021).
Legislative history of United States four-star officers from 2017
Modern four-star officer appointments are governed by the unified officer promotion framework established by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980, as amended.

In 2017, Congress began separating military space activities into a standalone service, culminating in the Space Force Act of 2019 that redesignated Air Force Space Command as the United States Space Force, the first new military service since the Air Force was spun off from the Army in 1947.

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023
The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (NDAA 2023) is a United States federal law which specifies the budget, expenditures and policies of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal year 2023. Analogous NDAAs have been passed annually for over 60 years.
Jovan Dučić
Jovan Dučić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Дучић, pronounced [jǒʋan dûtʃitɕ]; 15 February 1872 – 7 April 1943) was a Bosnian Serb poet-diplomat and academic.

He is one of the most influential Serbian lyricists and modernist poets. Dučić published his first collection of poetry in Mostar in 1901 and his second in Belgrade in 1908. He also wrote often in prose, writing a number of literary essays, studies on writers, letters by poets from Switzerland, Greece and Spain and the book Blago cara Radovana for which he is most remembered when it comes to his writing.

He worked in diplomacy for thirty years, serving in nine different cities. Dučić was also one of the founders of the Narodna Odbrana, a nationalist non-governmental organization in the Kingdom of Serbia and he was a member of the Serbian Royal Academy.

Meša Selimović
Meša Selimović (Serbian Cyrillic: Меша Селимовић; pronounced [mɛ̌ːʃa sɛlǐːmɔʋitɕ]; born Mehmed Selimović; 26 April 1910 – 11 July 1982) was a Yugoslav writer, whose works are widely considered some of the most important in Bosnian and Serbian literature. Some of the main themes in his works are the relations between individuality and authority, life and death, and other existential problems.
Blacker Bombard
The Blacker Bombard, also known as the 29-mm Spigot Mortar, was an infantry anti-tank weapon devised by Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart Blacker in the early years of the Second World War.

Intended as a means to equip Home Guard units with an anti-tank weapon in case of German invasion, at a time of grave shortage of weapons, it was accepted only after the intervention of Churchill. Although there were doubts about the effectiveness of the Bombard, many were issued. Few, if any, saw combat.

Anti-tank warfare
Anti-tank warfare refers to the military strategies, tactics, and weapon systems designed to counter and destroy enemy armored vehicles, particularly tanks. It originated during World War I following the first deployment of tanks in 1916, and has since become a fundamental component of land warfare doctrine. Over time, anti-tank warfare has evolved to include a wide range of systems, from handheld infantry weapons and anti-tank guns to guided missiles and air-delivered munitions.

Anti-tank warfare evolved rapidly during World War II, leading to infantry-portable weapons.

Through the Cold War of 1947–1991, the United States, anti-tank weapons have also been upgraded in number and performance.

Since the end of the Cold War in 1992, new threats to tanks and other armored vehicles have included remotely detonated improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, drones and loitering munitions have attacked and destroyed tanks.
JSD Partizan
Jugoslovensko sportsko društvo Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: Југословенско спортско друштво Партизан, lit. 'Yugoslav Sports Society Partizan'), commonly abbreviated as JSD Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: ЈСД Партизан), is a multi-sport club from Belgrade, Serbia. Founded on 4 October 1945, it is an umbrella organization featuring 32 clubs in 26 different sports. JSD Partizan's clubs have won 854 trophies, including 19 European trophies, 27 Regional trophies, 563 National Leagues, 224 National Cups, 13 National Super Cups and 8 Winter championships. JSD Partizan's athletes have won 76 Olympic medals, including 26 gold, 33 silver and 17 bronze medals.

First Women's Basketball League of Serbia
The First Women's Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Прва женска лига Србије, romanized: Prva ženska liga Srbije; abbr. ПЖЛС or PŽLS), is a top-tier women's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006, it is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).

The league is divided into two parts. The first part of the play all the clubs who have won a place in it. In the second part, called the playoffs, they play eight first clubs from the first division. Play starts from the quarter-final of the series, where the winner is decided in two games, the same system is in the semifinals, while the final series game in three wins. Clubs from Serbia who play in the Adriatic league, play along with the domestic the League.
Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation
The Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation is a state-recognized tribe and nonprofit organization, called AHA "Abenaki Helping Abenaki", whose headquarters and land are based in Vermont. They are often referred to as the Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe or simply, Nulhegan.

The Nulhegan Band has approximately 1,400 members, most of whom reside in the Northeast Kingdom region of Vermont.

Vermont recognized the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation in 2011. The Nulhegan are one of four state-recognized tribes in Vermont. They participate at the state level in many ways, including in the Vermont Commission of Native American Affairs.

They are not federally recognized as a Native American tribe. Vermont has no federally recognized tribes.

Odanak
Odanak is an Abenaki First Nations reserve in the Central Quebec region, Quebec, Canada. The mostly First Nations population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 481. The territory is located near the mouth of the Saint-François River at its confluence with the St. Lawrence River. It is partly within the limits of Pierreville and across the river from Saint-François-du-Lac.  Odanak is an Abenaki word meaning "in the village".
Austrolycopodium erectum
Austrolycopodium erectum is a species in the club moss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus Austrolycopodium is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not in other classifications which submerge the genus in Lycopodium. The species is native to Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.

Lycopodiaceae
The Lycopodiaceae (class Lycopodiopsida, order Lycopodiales) are an old family of vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses and firmosses, comprising 17 accepted genera and about 500 known species. This family originated about 380 million years ago in the early Devonian, though the diversity within the family has been much more recent. "Wolf foot" is another common name for this family due to the resemblance of either the roots or branch tips to a wolf's paw.
Point of Rocks (Texas)
Point of Rocks also known as Bald Rock,: 26  is a hill and a locale in Jeff Davis County, Texas. Point of Rocks, is an isolated hill with a spring once known as Bald Rock Spring.: 26   It was used as a watering place and campsite on the San Antonio-El Paso Road, 10 miles west of Fort Davis, Texas, now Point of Rocks Roadside Park. The elevation of Point of Rocks Spring, is at 5,469 feet / 1,667 meters, at the foot of the southeast slope of the Point of Rocks that reaches over 5,920 feet along its crest.

Fort Davis, Texas
Fort Davis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,024 at the 2020 census, down from 1,201 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jeff Davis County.
José Maria Ribeiro da Cunha
José Maria Pinto Sousa Ribeiro Cunha (born 27 March 2001), known as José Cunha, José da Cunha,  or Zé Maria, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defender for the Des Moines Menace in USL League Two.

G.D. Estoril Praia
Grupo Desportivo Estoril Praia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɨʃtuˈɾil ˈpɾajɐ]), commonly known as Estoril, is a Portuguese professional sports club from Estoril, Cascais, Lisbon. Founded on 17 May 1939, its football team currently plays in Primeira Liga and hold home games at the Estádio António Coimbra da Mota, with a seating capacity of 5,094. As a sports club, Estoril has departments for football, futsal and basketball.

Since the club's establishment, the senior football team has won nine secondary trophies, with the most recent being the 2011–12 Liga de Honra. As a result, some personnel of the club received awards in relation to their performances in the 2011–12 season, of which include Licá, who won the LPFP Liga de Honra Player of the Year, Vagner, who won the LPFP Liga de Honra Goalkeeper of the Year, and Marco Silva, who won the LPFP Liga de Honra Coach of the Year.
Simpang Cempaka (Transjakarta)
Simpang Cempaka is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located on Jenderal Ahmad Yani Street, Kelapa Gading Barat, Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta, Indonesia, serving Corridor 10. It is named after the junction it is located at (hence the name 'Simpang,' Indonesian for 'junction' or 'interchange'), across the street from ITC Cempaka Mas, and is connected to the Cempaka Mas station that serves Corridor 2.

Kelapa Gading
Kelapa Gading or also known as KG or Gading, is a district (Indonesian: kecamatan) of the administrative city of North Jakarta, Indonesia. The district is known to the local population as a city within a city, due to the integrated residential-commercial planning, and the supporting facilities.
Belgian Historical Institute in Rome
The Belgian Historical Institute in Rome (Dutch: Belgisch Historisch Instituut te Rome, French: Institut historique belge de Rome, Italian: Istituto storico belga di Roma), founded 1902, is a scholarly research institute focused on the study of Roman, and more broadly Italian, history and antiquities. It is currently located in the Academia Belgica and is one of a number of Roman Historical Institutes.

Roman Historical Institutes
Roman Historical Institutes are collegiate bodies established at Rome, for the purpose of historical research, mostly in the Vatican archives. These have been set both by ecclesiastical authority, and by national governments.