hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms of Dewsbury
The coat of arms of Dewsbury was the official symbol of the county borough of Dewsbury in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The county borough was abolished in 1974 under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced by Kirklees Metropolitan Council and West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.
Hen 2-47
Hen 2-47 is a young planetary nebula that lies about 6600 light years away from Earth in the southern constellation of Carina, the keel.

Hen 2-47 contains six lobes of gas and dust that suggest that the central star of the nebula ejected material at least three times in three different directions. During each ejection, the star fired off a narrow pair jets of gas pointed in opposite directions, eventually giving the nebula the shape it has at present.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
1768 English cricket season
The third scorecard of an important match dates from the 1768 English cricket season. There was a brief return by Sussex to the sport's highest level, in which John Small may have scored the earliest known century. Details of nine matches are known.

Sussex county cricket team (pre-1839)
Until 1838, the Sussex county cricket team, always known as Sussex, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly by Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, in the first half of the 18th century, and by Brighton Cricket Club in the second half. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Sussex County Cricket Club on 1 March 1839.
Richard Henry Park
Richard Henry Park (also Richard Hamilton Park; February 17, 1838—November 7, 1902) was an American sculptor who worked in marble and bronze. He was commissioned to do work by the wealthy of the nineteenth century. He did a marble bust of John Plankinton, an astute businessman who founded the meat industry in Wisconsin and was "Milwaukee's foremost citizen."

Park did a sculptor of George Washington as Milwaukee's first piece of public art. He made a bronze monument statue of the 21st Vice President of the United States. He did a sculpture of Milwaukee's first white settler, its first mayor, and created sculptures for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.

Wisconsin Historical Society
The Wisconsin Historical Society (officially the State Historical Society of Wisconsin) is simultaneously a state agency and a private membership organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West. Founded in 1846 and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest historical society in the United States to receive continuous public funding. The society's headquarters are located in Madison, Wisconsin, on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Gabriella Varga
Gabriella Varga (born 7 April 1982) is a Hungarian foil fencer. On top of being an individual European champion in 2003 and a team European champion in 2007, Varga competed in the women's foil events at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
Piano Quartet No. 1 (Mendelssohn)
Felix Mendelssohn's Piano Quartet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 1 (MWV Q 11), for piano, violin, viola and cello was completed on 18 October 1822 and dedicated to Polish Prince Antoni Radziwiłł.  Mendelssohn's three numbered piano quartets were the first works of his to be published, hence their opus numbers.  The piece was published in 1823, when Mendelssohn was fourteen years old.

C minor
C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, and B♭. Its key signature consists of three flats. Its relative major is E♭ major and its parallel major is C major.

The C natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Eric Arnott
Eric John Arnott (12 June 1929 – 1 December 2011) was a British ophthalmologist and surgeon who specialized in cataracts, a condition which in many parts of the world still remains the principal cause of blindness.  He is known for inventing new surgical techniques for treatment of various ophthalmological disorders, and received professional awards for his contributions.

University College Hospital
University College Hospital (UCH) is a teaching hospital in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, England. The hospital, which was founded as the North London Hospital in 1834, is closely associated with University College London (UCL), whose main campus is situated next door. The hospital is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

The hospital is on the south side of Euston Road and its tower faces Euston Square tube station on the east side. Warren Street tube station lies immediately west and the major Euston terminus station is beyond 200 metres east, just beyond Euston Square Gardens.
Spinitectoides
Spinitectoides is a genus of parasitic nematodes, belonging to the family Cystidicolidae. Species of Spinitectoides are parasitic as adults in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. According to the World Register of Marine Species, the genus currently (2019) includes a single species, Spinitectoides berlandi.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
Ivánka II Hont-Pázmány
Ivánka (II) from the kindred Hont-Pázmány (Hungarian: Hont-Pázmány nembeli (II.) Ivánka; died 1289) was a Hungarian noble in the second half of the 13th century. He served as Judge royal sometime in the 1280s.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
University of Medicine and Health Sciences
The University of Medicine and Health Sciences (also known as UMHS) is a private, for-profit medical school located in Basseterre, Saint Kitts in the Caribbean. UMHS confers upon its graduates the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. The university also has a 5th semester campus in Portland, Maine and an administrative office in New York, New York. The University of Medical and Health Sciences has acquired the Ross family owned previously affiliated International University of Nursing.

Basseterre
Basseterre (/bæsˈtɛər/; Saint Kitts Creole: Bastear) is the capital and largest city of Saint Kitts and Nevis with an estimated population of 14,000 in 2018. Geographically, the Basseterre port is located at 17°18′N 62°44′W﻿ / ﻿17.300°N 62.733°W﻿ / 17.300; -62.733, on the south-western coast of Saint Kitts Island, and it is one of the chief commercial depots of the Leeward Islands. The city lies within Saint George Basseterre Parish.

Basseterre is one of the oldest towns in the Eastern Caribbean.
Battle of Segou
The Battle of Ségou was a decisive point in the growth of the Toucouleur Empire (1850-1890), which spread throughout the upper Niger River and Senegal River bassins in the late 19th century.  It marked the destruction of the last of the Songhay successor states, the beginning of El Hadj Umar Tall's conflict with fellow Fula Jihad leader of Macina, and a Toucouleur movement to the east under pressure from French Colonial expansion in the Senegambia.

El Hadj Umar Tall, a Toucouleur conqueror who swept across West Africa from Fouta Djallon, invaded Segou and found an already shaken Bambara Empire. Well trained, regimented, and equipped with modern firearms, Umar Tall's mujahideen readily and easily defeated the Bambara, seizing Ségou itself on March 10, 1861.  Umar made his son Ahmadu Tall king or "Faama", and declared an end to the Bambara Empire.  The Niger River city of Ségou became the center of the Toucouleur Jihad state, and the base for its further expansion to the  east.

Ségou
Ségou (French pronunciation: [seɡu]; Bambara: ߛߋߜ߭ߎ߫, Segu) is a town and an urban commune in south-central Mali that lies 235 kilometres (146 mi) northeast of Bamako on the right bank of the River Niger. The town is the capital of the Ségou Cercle and the Ségou Region. With 130,690 inhabitants in 2009, it is the fifth-largest town in Mali.

In the middle of the 19th century there were four villages with the name of Ségou spread out over a distance of around 12 km (7.5 mi) along the right bank of the river. They were, starting from the most upstream, Ségou-Koro (Old Ségou), Ségou-Bougou, Ségou-Koura (New Ségou) and Ségou-Sikoro. The present town is on the site of Ségou-Sikoro.
2009 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships
The 2009 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 17th edition of the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, and was part of the International Series of the 2009 ATP Tour. It took place at the Delray Beach Tennis Center in Delray Beach, Florida, United States, from February 23 through March 1, 2009.

The field was headlined by ATP No. 21 and San Jose finalist Mardy Fish, Auckland finalist Sam Querrey, and 2008 Moscow titlist Igor Kunitsyn. Other top seeds competing were Ernests Gulbis, Steve Darcis, Florent Serra, Jérémy Chardy and Lu Yen-hsun.

First-seeded Mardy Fish won the singles title.

Delray Beach Open
The Delray Beach Open is an ATP 250 professional tennis tournament held annually in Delray Beach, Florida, United States, on hardcourts.

It was previously known as America's Red Clay Championships, Citrix Tennis Championships,  and the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships (ITC). The event was held in Coral Springs from 1993 to 1998; in 1999, it was relocated to the Delray Beach Tennis Center. American Todd Martin won the tournament's first singles event in 1993. The tournament was renamed to its current name in 2014.
Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) 
that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.  In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).

Preadolescence
Preadolescence is a stage of human development following middle childhood and preceding adolescence. It commonly ends with the beginning of puberty. Preadolescence is commonly defined as ages 9–12 ending with the major onset of puberty. It may also be defined as simply the 2-year period before the major onset of puberty. Preadolescence can bring its own challenges and anxieties.
Bubalornis
Bubalornis is a genus of bird in the family Ploceidae. Established by Andrew Smith in 1836, it contains the following species:

The name Bubalornis is a combination of the Greek words boubalos, meaning "buffalo" and ornis, meaning "bird". The genus got its name from the buffalo weavers' habit of following herds of African Buffalo.

Ploceidae
Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches, or bishops. These names come from the nests of intricately woven vegetation created by birds in this family. In most recent classifications, the Ploceidae are a clade that excludes some birds that have historically been placed in the family, such as some of the sparrows, but which includes the monotypic subfamily Amblyospizinae. The family is believed to have originated in the mid-Miocene. All birds of the Ploceidae are native to the Old World, most in Africa south of the Sahara, though a few live in tropical areas of Asia. A few species have been introduced outside their native range.
Cathorops steindachneri
Cathorops steindachneri, or Steindachner's sea catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Charles Henry Gilbert and Edwin Chapin Starks in 1904. It is a tropical, marine and freshwater-dwelling catfish which occurs between Costa Rica and Peru. It dwells at a maximum depth of 20 m (66 ft). It reaches a maximum total length of 36 cm (14 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 20 cm (7.9 in).

The fish is named in honor of Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner.

Due to insufficient statistical information on the species, the IUCN redlist lists Cathorops steindachneri as Data Deficient. It notes that pollution and coastal development pose a threat for the species. It is marketed commercially, although its small size makes it an uncommon food fish.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
On June 30, 1956, a Lockheed L-1049A Super Constellation operating as TWA Flight 2, was struck by a Douglas DC-7 Mainliner operating as United Air Lines Flight 718 over Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The Constellation fell into the canyon, while the DC-7 slammed into a cliff. All 128 on board both aircraft died, making it the first commercial airline incident to exceed one hundred fatalities. Both aircraft had departed Los Angeles International Airport minutes apart from each other and headed for Chicago and Kansas City, respectively.
The collision took place in uncontrolled airspace, where it was the pilots' responsibility to maintain separation ("see and be seen"). This highlighted the antiquated state of air traffic control, which became the focus of major aviation reforms.

Grand Canyon National Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.9 million recreational visitors in 2024. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Soon (Tanya Tucker song)
"Soon" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker.  It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album Soon.  The song reached #2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, behind Doug Supernaw's "I Don't Call Him Daddy".

I Don't Call Him Daddy
"I Don't Call Him Daddy" is a song written by American songwriter Reed Nielsen. It was initially recorded by Kenny Rogers on his 1987 album I Prefer the Moonlight, and was released in October 1993 by Doug Supernaw as the third single from his debut album Red and Rio Grande.  Supernaw's version was his only number-one single on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, peaking there in December 1993.
Pwll, Tregare
Pwll, Tregare, Monmouthshire is a medieval cruck-house dating from the late 14th century, with additions in the 17th century. An "extremely rare survival", the house was derelict by the mid-20th century, and was reconstructed in the mid-1990s. It is a Grade II* listed building.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
1940 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1940 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Ahane were the defending champions.

Croom won the championship after a 4–02 to 3–01 defeat of Ahane in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1929. It was Ahane's first defeat in the championship since 1932.

1932 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1932 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 38th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Ahane were the defending champions.

Young Irelands won the championship after a 2–06 to 1–03 defeat of Newcastle West in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their first title in two years. It remains their last championship triumph.
Youth With You
Youth With You (Chinese: 青春有你), also known by its Chinese title Qīng Chūn Yǒu Nǐ or simply QCYN, is a Chinese reality television talent competition franchise that premiered on the iQIYI video platform. Called Idol Producer Season 2 before filming, it is the second edition of the 2018 Chinese reality boy group survival show 'Idol Producer'.

Idol Producer
Idol Producer (simplified Chinese: 偶像练习生; traditional Chinese: 偶像練習生; pinyin: Ǒuxiàng Liànxíshēng) is a 2018 Chinese reality boy group survival show, which premiered on January 19, 2018, on iQIYI. It is presented by Lay Zhang with Li Ronghao, Jackson Wang, MC Jin, Cheng Xiao and Zhou Jieqiong serving as mentors. On April 6, 2018, the nine highest ranked contestants debuted as Nine Percent.
Eddie Green (criminal)
Harold Eugene "Eddie" Green (November 2, 1898 – April 10, 1934) was an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw during the 1930s, best known as a member of the John Dillinger gang. He was also associated with Frank "Jelly" Nash, Volney Davis and the Barker-Karpis Gang in his early career.

Green was considered a highly intelligent criminal and expert "jug marker," widely known to employ tactics such as casing banks and planning escape routes that he drove prior to a robbery to ensure a perfect getaway. His connections with corrupt politicians and police officials in St. Paul, Minnesota made him extremely useful in setting up safe houses and provide warning from police raids.

Barker–Karpis Gang
The Barker–Karpis Gang was one of the longest-lived criminal gangs during the Depression Era, spanning from 1931 to 1935. The gang was founded by Fred Barker and Alvin Karpis, and later joined by Fred's brother Arthur "Doc" Barker. Along with the three core members, the gang's network spanned up to 25 members at one point.

Although not as well known as their contemporaries the Dillinger Gang, or the Barrow Gang, the Barker–Karpis Gang was perhaps more ruthless, not only committing bank robberies, but also extending the activities into kidnapping. It is best known for the myth that it was run by the Barker brothers' mother, Kate, usually referred to as "Ma Barker".
Carl Johan Bergman
Carl Johan Bergman (born 14 March 1978) is a former Swedish biathlete. He lives in Lillehammer, Norway with his Norwegian wife, Liv Kjersti Eikeland. He is 5 ft 8+1⁄2 in (174.0 cm), and weighs 152 pounds (69 kg; 10 st 12 lb).

He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. His mother is called Birgitta, his father is Lennart, and he has a younger sister called Johanna.

In March 2014, Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013–14 season.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Fight or Flight (Heroes)
"Fight or Flight" is the fifth episode of the second season of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes. It aired on October 22, 2007. This episode marks the first appearance of Elle, played by Kristen Bell, credited as a series regular. David Anders (Takezo Kensei) is also credited as a series regular from this episode.

Mohinder Suresh
Mohinder Suresh is a fictional character on the NBC drama Heroes who is portrayed by actor Sendhil Ramamurthy. He is from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and is a genetics professor at the University of Madras. Mohinder is attempting to find the truth behind the sudden death of his father, Chandra Suresh (portrayed by Erick Avari), and to continue his father's research of finding "superhuman" beings on Earth. In character, Suresh also provides many episodes with opening or closing dialogue, general philosophical musings in relation to the events that occur during the episode.

The role of Mohinder was written to be a 55-year-old geneticist looking for super-powered humans. However, Sendhil Ramamurthy's audition was so convincing that the main character part was rewritten for a younger geneticist following in his father's footsteps. The concept of the older geneticist was spun off into the minor character of Chandra Suresh.