hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ptychospermatinae
Ptychospermatinae is a palm tree subtribe in the tribe Areceae.

Genera:

Adonidia

Balaka

Brassiophoenix

Carpentaria

Drymophloeus

Jailoloa

Manjekia

Normanbya

Ponapea

Ptychococcus

Ptychosperma

Veitchia

Wallaceodoxa

Wodyetia

Brassiophoenix
Brassiophoenix is a genus of monoecious flowering plants in the palm family found in Papua New Guinea.  Of the two similar species, one is more common in cultivation and was mistakenly identified as Brassiophoenix schumannii.  In 1999, Zona and Estig showed that the commonly cultivated species was instead the type species Brassiophoenix drymophoeoides.  The two species are distinguished by their separated geographical locations and minor differences in fruit form.  The genus name is a combination of the surname Brass, honoring the first collector L.J. Brass, and Phoenix, another palm genus.
Furry Weekend Atlanta
Furry Weekend Atlanta (FWA) is a furry convention held annually in Atlanta, Georgia. Started in 2004, the convention caters to members of the furry fandom, a subculture focused around fictional anthropomorphic animal characters. Attendance has steadily risen throughout its history, peaking at 17,736 attendees in 2025, making it one of the most attended furry conventions in the world.

Furry convention
A furry convention (also furry con or fur con) is a formal gathering of members of the furry fandom – people who are interested in the concept of fictional non-human animal characters with human characteristics. These conventions provide a place for fans to meet, exchange ideas, transact business and engage in entertainment and recreation centered on this concept. Originating in California during the mid-1980s, as of 2016 there are over 50 furry conventions worldwide each year.

Furry conventions offer a range of volunteer-led programming, usually focusing on anthropomorphic art, crafts, music and literature. Many raise money for charity. Attendees often dress up in fursuits and wear artistic name badges for identification, though the majority do not. They may also spend money on the work of amateur and professional artists, both directly and at auction.
2012 UNICEF Open
The 2012 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 23rd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 17 June until 23 June 2012. David Ferrer and Nadia Petrova won the singles titles.

2012 ATP World Tour
The 2012 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP World Tour Finals, and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Scandinavian Methodist Church
Scandinavian Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church at 203 Fifth Avenue West Kalispell, Montana.

It was started in 1896 in a Late Gothic Revival style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

It was described in its NRHP nomination as "a good example of an early church in Kalispell with relatively simple details; almost all of the original wood frame churches have been demolished and replaced."  It is a one-story wood building with one-over-one double-hung windows with pointed transoms.  It had a steeple at its northwest corner which was removed sometime after 1955.  It has clapboard siding and it has diamond and fishscale wood shingles in its gable ends.  A rear wing was added sometime between 1903 and 1910;  the north end of that rear wing had a wrap-around porch which was enclosed by 1955.

Kalispell, Montana
Kalispell (/ˈkæləˌspɛl, ˌkæləˈspɛl/,  Montana Salish: Ql̓ispé, Kutenai language: Kqayaqawakⱡuʔnam) is a city in and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558.  The latest estimates put the population at 31,296. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake".
Monte San Giusto
Monte San Giusto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Ancona and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Macerata.

Monte San Giusto borders the following municipalities: Corridonia, Monte San Pietrangeli, Montegranaro, Morrovalle.

Among the churches in Monte San Giusto are:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Telusiano

Chiesa Collegiata di Santo Stefano

Santa Maria delle Panette

Macerata
Macerata (Italian pronunciation: [matʃeˈraːta] ⓘ) is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.

It is home to the University of Macerata (founded in 1290), making it one of Europe's oldest universities, specializing in humanities and social sciences, and located in a historic center with medieval walls.

One of the city's best-known landmarks is the Sferisterio, a large neoclassical open-air arena built in the 19th century, which later became a major venue for summer performances, including opera.
Bernard Thomas
Elwyn Bernard Thomas was an Archdeacon of St Asaph in the Church in Wales's Diocese of St Asaph.

He was born in 1945, educated at Swansea University and St Michael's College, Llandaff, and ordained in 1972. After curacies at Aberdare and Merthyr Dyfan, he held incumbencies in  Dowlais,  Llangynwyd with Maesteg. From 2000 until his August 2011 retirement, he was Rector of Llandyrnog and Archdeacon of the surrounding area (St Asaph) and a trustee of the St Asaph Diocesan Board of Finance.

St Padarn's Institute
St Padarn's Institute is a theological training college owned by the Church in Wales, located in Llandaff in the north of the city of Cardiff, Wales. It operates as a residential training college for its full time ministers. The origins of St Padarn's are in St Michael's College, an Anglican training college founded by the Church of England in Aberdare in 1892. In 1907 St Michael's relocated to Llandaff. Among its many alumni was the poet R. S. Thomas. The original building on the site was a house by John Prichard, the diocesan architect for Llandaff, built for himself. After his death, that building was incorporated into St Michael's. Other college buildings were constructed mainly to the designs of F. R. Kempson between 1905 and 1920. In the late 1950s, a chapel was built by George Pace. The college had significant financial problems in the early 21st century and was eventually closed. The Church in Wales bought the site in 2016 and reopened it as St Padarn's.
Yi (dinosaur)
Yi is a genus of scansoriopterygid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China. Its only species, Yi qi (Mandarin pronunciation: [î tɕʰǐ]; from Chinese: 翼; pinyin: yì; lit. 'wing' and 奇; qí; 'strange'), is known from a single fossil specimen of an adult individual found in Middle or Late Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Hebei, China, approximately 159 million years ago. It was a small, possibly tree-dwelling (arboreal) animal. Like other scansoriopterygids, Yi possessed an unusual, elongated third finger that appears to have helped to support a membranous gliding plane made of skin. The planes of Yi qi were also supported by a long, bony strut attached to the wrist. This modified wrist bone and membrane-based plane is unique among all known dinosaurs and might have resulted in wings similar in appearance to those of bats.

Paraves
Paraves are a widespread group of theropod dinosaurs that originated in the Middle Jurassic period. In addition to the extinct dromaeosaurids, troodontids, anchiornithids, and possibly the scansoriopterygids, the group also contains the avialans, which include diverse extinct taxa as well as the over 11,000 species of living birds.

Basal members of Paraves are well known for the possession of an enlarged claw on the second digit of the foot, which was held off the ground when walking in some species. A number of differing scientific interpretations of the relationships between paravian taxa exist. New fossil discoveries and analyses make the classification of Paraves an active subject of research.
2017 Paris Sevens
The 2017 Paris Sevens was the 15th edition of the France Sevens, and the ninth tournament of the 2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 13–14 May 2017 at Stade Jean-Bouin in Paris.

South Africa won the Cup final, defeating Scotland by 15–5 to clinch the overall series title for the season with an unassailable lead over the defending champions Fiji. New Zealand finished third in the Paris tournament, and Argentina won the Challenge trophy for ninth place.

2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 18th annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for national rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999–2000. South Africa won the Series with a comfortable 28-point margin over England; South Africa won five of the ten tournaments.

The 2016–17 Series also served as a qualifying tournament for the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Nine of the core teams had already qualified but the four highest-placed finishers from among the remaining six core teams also gained qualification for the 2018 RWC Sevens.
Tsankov Island
Tsankov Island (Bulgarian: Цанков остров, romanized: Tsankov ostrov, IPA: [t͡sɐnˈkɔf ˈɔstrof]) is the mostly ice-covered island 625 m long in west-southwest to west-northeast direction and 216 m wide in the Dannebrog Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 9.48 ha.

The feature is named after the dermatologist Nikolay Tsankov, participant in the 2010/11 and subsequent Bulgarian Antarctic campaigns.

Dannebrog Islands
The Dannebrog Islands are a group of islands and rocks lying between the Wauwermans Islands and the Vedel Islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago.

The Wilhelm Archipelago was first sighted and named by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74, and was resighted and the whole archipelago named the Dannebrog Islands by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, in appreciation of support given to Gerlache by Denmark. Dallmann's original naming has been retained for the archipelago, and the name Dannebrog restricted to the smaller group here described.
Pedra das Cabras
The Stone of the Goats (Galician: Pedra das Cabras) is a petroglyph located in a pine forest near the village of Figueirido (civil parish of Palmeira, municipality of Ribeira), in the Barbanza Region of Galicia.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Traditional games of Korea
Traditional games of Korea (Korean: 전통놀이; Hanja: 傳統놀이; RR: jeontongnori) have been influenced by the culture, history and environment of Korea. Examples of popular traditional games include jegichagi, neolttwigi, ssireum, tuho, yut, biseokchigi and paengichigi.

Paengichigi
Paengichigi (Korean: 팽이치기) is a traditional Korean game primarily played during the winter and is enjoyed by people of all ages. Paengichigi is played by using a spinning top and a stick with a long string. The spinning tops are wound up with twine and then let go. Players must keep hitting the spinning top with the string tuck with the stick to make it rotate for as long as possible.

One of the popular locations to experience traditional games like paengichigi is Namsangol Hanok Village.
Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.

Zbruch
The Zbruch (Ukrainian: Збруч; Polish: Zbrucz) is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester. Zbruch is the namesake of the Zbruch idol, a sculpture of a Slavic deity (9th century) in the form of a column with a head with four faces, discovered in 1848 by the river.
Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari
Al-Shustari (Arabic: الشُشْتَرِي, romanized: Al-S̲h̲us̲h̲tarī; 1203–1269 CE) was an Andalusī Sufi poet, sufi mystic, and scholar known for his contributions to Islamic mysticism and religious poetry.

A disciple of Ibn Sabʿīn and influenced by Andalusī Sufis such as Abū Madyan, al-Shushtarī combined vernacular poetic forms with esoteric philosophical thought. His works, which include poetry and treatises on cosmology and metaphysics, remain significant in Sufi traditions and academic studies. Despite controversies regarding his orthodoxy, al-Shushtarī is recognized for his role in blending philosophical mysticism with accessible spiritual expression.

Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar al-Suhrawardi (c. 1145 – 1234) was a Persian Sufi and nephew of Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi. He expanded the Sufi order of Suhrawardiyya that had been created by his uncle, Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, and is the person responsible for officially formalizing the order. Suhrawardi is the author of the ʿAwārif al-Maʿārif, which is recognized as a masterpiece work in Tasawwuf.
Astou Ndour-Fall
Astou Ndour-Fall (née Ndour; born August 22, 1994) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Emlak Konut of the Turkish Women's Basketball League. Born in Senegal, she represents Spain internationally. She previously played for the Chicago Sky, Connecticut Sun, Dallas Wings, and San Antonio Stars of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

EuroBasket Women 2015
The 2015 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2015, was the 35th edition of the continental tournament in women's basketball, sanctioned by the FIBA Europe. The tournament was co-held in Hungary, which hosted the championship for the fifth time after 1950, 1964, 1983 and 1997, and Romania which hosted it for the second time after 1966, on 11–28 June 2015. The event was hosted by more than one country for the first time.

Serbia won their first title by defeating France 76–68 in the final.
Kaituma River
The Kaituma River is a river of Guyana in the Barima-Waini region. The mouth is at the upper Barima River, and the area is made up of mostly mangrove swamps.

The Kaituma and Barima Rivers were dredged to make enough room for ships to collect ore from the mines in the vicinity of Port Kaituma. It was a hiding place for escapees of the People's Temple massacre due to its proximity to the Jonestown settlement.

Barima River
The Barima River is a tributary of the Orinoco River, entering 6 kilometres (4 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. It originates from the Imataka Mountains in Guyana, flowing for approximately 340 kilometres (210 mi) before entering Venezuela about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from its mouth.
9844 Otani
9844 Otani, provisional designation 1989 WF1, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 November 1989, by Japanese astronomers Yoshio Kushida and Osamu Muramatsu at the Yatsugatake South Base Observatory, Hokuto, near the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. It was named for Japanese astronomer Toyokazu Otani.

Osamu Muramatsu
Osamu Muramatsu (村松 修, Muramatsu Osamu; born 1949) is a Japanese astronomer and discoverer of asteroids and comets. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 73 minor planets. He also co-discovered 147P/Kushida-Muramatsu, a periodic comet.

Muramatsu works at the planetarium in the Shibuya ward of Tokyo, Japan. The inner main-belt asteroid 5606 Muramatsu, discovered by astronomer and college Satoru Otomo, was named in his honor on 28 July 1999 (M.P.C. 35483).
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Grabowo Królewskie
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Grabowo Królewskie - church is located in Grabowo Królewskie (Greater Poland Voivodeship, Września County, Kołaczkowo Commune) Church was built between 1925 and 1927. It was built on the site of the old church, which for a period building is still working and only when new already embraced it in its entirety, has been demolished and devotion moved to the current building.  During the years Nazi occupation, as the only local church acted legally and openly. At the time it was granted a number of baptisms, marriages and funerals, not just residents Grabowo Królewskie and surrounding villages.

Września County
Września County (Polish: powiat wrzesiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Września; the county is administered from the district office building.

The county covers an area of 704.19 square kilometres (271.9 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 76,453.
Herry Perry
Heather "Herry" Perry (16 October 1897 – 6 September 1962) was a graphic artist, illustrator, and printmaker best known for her prolific design work for Transport for London and London Underground throughout the 1920s and 1930s.

Central Saint Martins
Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art university in London, England. The college offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.

It was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.
Bertha Cook
Bertha Hodges Cook (March 29, 1895 – March 9, 1990) was an American handicraft artist who was known primarily for her needlework using Colonial knotting and fringing techniques to make bedspreads.

Cook was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the highest honor in the folk and traditional arts in the United States.

Southern Highland Craft Guild
Southern Highland Craft Guild is a guild craft organization that has partnered with the National Park Service for over seventy years. The Guild represents over 800 craftspeople in 293 counties of 9 southeastern states. It operates four retail craft shops and two annual craft expositions which represent the Guild members' work. These expositions occur in July and October and have taken place in the Appalachian mountain region since 1948.
Juliana de Vesci
Juliana de Vesci was the daughter of William de Vesci and Agnes Ferrers, daughter of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby.
Juliana de Vesci married Sir Richard de Vernon, son of Sir Richard de Vernon and Margaret de Vipont.

William de Vesci
William de Vesci (c.1125–1184) was an Anglo-Norman feudal lord and Sheriff. Born William fitz Eustace at Knaresborough Castle, Yorkshire, the son of Eustace Fitz John and Beatrix de Vesci, he took his mother's surname.

He was appointed Sheriff of Northumberland from 1155 to 1170 and then Sheriff of Lancashire from 1166 to 1170.

In 1174, he joined other knights such as Bernard de Balliol and Robert III de Stuteville under the command of Ranulf de Glanville, Sheriff of Westmorland to attack an invading Scottish army then besieging Alnwick castle in Northumberland. The Scottish king William I of Scotland (William the Lion) was captured and the invasion successfully repelled.
Fruit Heights, Utah
Fruit Heights is a city in eastern Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. It lies along the Wasatch Front adjacent to the larger cities of Farmington and Kaysville. Its population was 6,101 at the 2020 census, a significant increase of 4,987 at the 2010 census.

Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area
The Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of three counties in northern Utah, anchored by the cities of Ogden and Clearfield. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 637,197. On February 28, 2013, the White House released a bulletin Revising delineations of CSAs and MSAs which led to the addition of Box Elder County to the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. On July 23, 2023, Box Elder County was moved to the newly created Brigham City micropolitan statistical area.
Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.

Subject and object (philosophy)
In philosophy, a subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer. An object is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, which may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects).

A simple common differentiation for subject and object is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving personhood, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between subjectivity and objectivity: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent from any subject (objectivity).