hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4C 20.04A
4C 20.04A or simply known as 4C 20.04, is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.103 and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in 1959. This object is known to contain a wide-angle tailed (WAT) source and is located inside the central subcluster region called Abell 98S, which in turn makes up the galaxy cluster, Abell 98.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.
Race Life of the Aryan Peoples
Race Life of the Aryan Peoples is a two-volume book written by Joseph Pomeroy Widney, at the time chancellor of the University of Southern California, published in New York by Funk & Wagnalls in 1907.

Written before the era of modern genetic science, it purports to tell the history of the Aryan race, a hypothesized race which, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was commonly thought to exist and was regarded as descended from the original speakers of Proto-Indo European. At the time the book was published, the Aryan race was generally regarded as one of three major branches of the Caucasian race, along with the Semitic race and the Hamitic race. This approach to categorizing human population groups is now considered to be misguided and biologically meaningless.

Semitic people
Semitic people or Semites is a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group associated with people of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, including Akkadians (Assyrians and Babylonians), Arabs, Arameans, Canaanites (Ammonites, Edomites, Israelites, Moabites, Phoenicians, and Philistines) and Habesha peoples. The terminology is now largely unused outside the grouping "Semitic languages" in linguistics. First used in the 1770s by members of the Göttingen school of history, this biblical terminology for race was derived from Shem (שֵׁם), one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, together with the parallel terms Hamites and Japhetites.

In archaeology, the term is sometimes used informally as "a kind of shorthand" for ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. Identification of pro-Caucasian racism has either partially or completely devalued the use of the term as a racial category, with the caveat that an inverse assessment would still be considered scientifically obsolete.
The Freeman (newspaper)
The Freeman is a daily English-language newspaper published in Cebu, Philippines. It is the longest-running newspaper in Cebu, first published on May 10, 1919. Since 2004, the newspaper has been published by the Philstar Media Group, publisher of the Manila-based newspaper, The Philippine STAR, with former owner Jose "Dodong" Gullas retaining editorial control over the newspaper. The motto of the newspaper is "Fair and fearless".

TV Patrol
TV Patrol is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by ABS-CBN, Kapamilya Channel, A2Z and All TV. Originally anchored by Noli de Castro, Mel Tiangco and Robert Arevalo, it premiered on March 2, 1987, on the network's Primetime Bida line up. De Castro, Karen Davila, Bernadette Sembrano and Alvin Elchico currently serve as the anchors. It is the longest running Filipino-language news program.
God the Son
God the Son (Greek: Θεὸς ὁ Υἱός, Latin: Deus Filius) or God the Word (Greek: Θεὸς ὁ Λόγος, Latin: Deus Verbum) is the second Person of the Trinity in Christian theology. According to mainstream Christian doctrine, God the Son, in the form of Jesus Christ, is the incarnation of the eternal, pre-existent divine Logos (Koine Greek for "word") through whom all things were created. Although the precise term "God the Son" does not appear in the Bible, it serves as a theological designation expressing the understanding of Jesus as a part of the Trinity, distinct yet united in essence with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third Persons of the Trinity respectively).

The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His being, sustaining all things by His powerful Word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven.

God and eternity
Eternity is an important concept in monotheistic conceptions of God, who is typically argued to be eternally existent. How this is understood depends on which definition of eternity is used. God can exist in eternity or outside the human concept of time, but also inside of time.
General Confederation of the Portuguese Workers
The General Confederation of the Portuguese Workers (Portuguese: Confederação Geral dos Trabalhadores Portugueses, CGTP) is the largest trade union federation in Portugal. It was founded informally in 1970, emerged publicly after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and was legalised the following year by the National Salvation Junta.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
2nd Airlift Squadron
The 2nd Airlift Squadron is an inactive airlift of the United States Air Force squadron that specializes in airlift and transport missions. Established in 1940 as the 2nd Transport Squadron, the unit served primarily as a cargo and personnel transport squadron during World War II and subsequent conflicts. The squadron operated various transport aircraft throughout its history, including the C-47 Skytrain, C-124 Globemaster II, and C-141 Starlifter. Based at different times at Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina and McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, the 2nd Airlift Squadron participated in numerous military operations, humanitarian missions, and strategic airlifts before its inactivation. The squadron's extensive service record included supporting Allied operations in World War II, the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, and operations in Vietnam, as well as later missions in the Middle East and humanitarian efforts worldwide.

Harrisburg Air National Guard Base
Harrisburg Air National Guard Base is a United States Air Force base, located at Harrisburg International Airport, (IATA: MDT, ICAO: KMDT, FAA LID: MDT)  Pennsylvania. It is located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) west-southwest of Middletown, Pennsylvania.

The Pennsylvania Air National Guard facility is sited on the location of the former Olmsted Air Force Base, which was closed in 1969.  The 193d Special Operations Wing operates Lockheed Martin MC-130J Commando Solo II aircraft.  Today the airfield is split between civilian activities, Harrisburg IAP (MDT) and military activities, which now carry the Harrisburg ANGB title. After Olmsted AFB closed in 1970 major civilian air activities moved from Capital City Airport, near Harrisburg over to the former Olmsted site.
Beer (Martian crater)
Beer is a crater lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, named in honor of the German astronomer, Wilhelm Beer. It is located at 14.4°S 351.8°E .

Beer and collaborator Johann Heinrich Mädler produced the first reasonably good maps of Mars in the early 1830s. When doing so, they selected a particular feature for the prime meridian of their charts. Their choice was strengthened when Giovanni Schiaparelli used the same location in 1877 for his more famous maps of Mars. The feature was later called Sinus Meridiani ("Middle Bay"), but following the landing of the NASA probe MER-B Opportunity in 2004 it is perhaps better known as Meridiani Planum.  Currently the Martian prime meridian is the crater Airy-0.

Beer lies in the southwest of Meridiani Planum, about 8° from the prime meridian and about 10° west from the crater Mädler. Schiaparelli is also in the region.

Map showing the location of Beer Crater and other, nearby features

Schiaparelli (Martian crater)
Schiaparelli (/ˌskæpəˈrɛli, ˌʃæp-/ SKAP-ə-REL-ee, SHAP-, US also /skiˌɑːp-/ skee-AHP-, Italian: [skjapaˈrɛlli]) is an impact crater on Mars, located near the planet's equator at latitude 3° south and longitude 344° in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle. It measures approximately 459 kilometers (285-miles) in diameter and was named after Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, known for his observations of the Red Planet and his mistranslated term "canali". The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Kacheguda–Narkhed Intercity Express
The 17641 / 42 Kacheguda - Narkhed Intercity Express is an Express  train belonging to Indian Railways South Central Railway zone that runs between Kacheguda and Narkhed in India.

It operates as train number 17641 from Kacheguda to Narkhed and as train number 17642 in the reverse direction serving the states of  Telangana & Maharashtra.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
English historical school of economics
The English historical school of economics sought a return of inductive methods in economics, following the triumph of the deductive approach of David Ricardo in the early 19th century. The school considered itself the intellectual heirs of past figures who had emphasised empiricism and induction, such as Francis Bacon and Adam Smith. Included in this school are William Whewell, Richard Jones, Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Walter Bagehot, Thorold Rogers, Arnold Toynbee, William Cunningham, and William Ashley.

Walter Bagehot
Walter Bagehot (/ˈbædʒət/ BAJ-ət; 3 February 1826 – 24 March 1877) was an English journalist, businessman, and essayist, who wrote extensively about government, economics, literature and race. He is known for co-founding the National Review in 1855, and for his works The English Constitution and Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market (1873).
Dave Cull
David Charles Cull CNZM JP (1 April 1950 – 27 April 2021) was the mayor of the city of Dunedin in New Zealand. He became the 57th Mayor of Dunedin in October 2010 and was re-elected in both the 2013 mayoralty race and 2016 mayoral election. Before politics, he was a presenter for Television New Zealand and an author.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
Lower Broomhedge
54°29′56″N 6°08′28″W﻿ / ﻿54.499°N 6.141°W﻿ / 54.499; -6.141
Lower Broomhedge is a hamlet in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, near Lisburn. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 180 people. It lies within the Lisburn City Council area. It is usually considered part of Broomhedge itself rather than a separate village.

Broomhedge
Broomhedge is a small village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, near Lisburn, approximately 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Belfast. It lies within the Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council area, and the Maghaberry electoral ward.
Karl Helfrich
Karl R. Helfrich is an American physical oceanographer.

Helfrich earned his Bachelor of Science in engineering from Duke University in 1979. He completed a Master of Science degree and doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1982 and 1985, respectively. He is a senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, serving as J. S. Johnson Chair as Education Coordinator from 2001 to 2006, and was H. B. Bigelow Chair for Excellence in Oceanography between 2014 and 2017. In 2001, Helfrich was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society "[f]or laboratory, analytical, numerical, and observational contributions to understanding waves, hydraulic control, abyssal ocean circulation, thermals, plumes, viscous fingering and other areas of geophysical fluid dynamics."

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced /ˈhuːi/ HOO-ee) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.

Established in 1930 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, it is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff and students numbering about 1,000.
Black Lick Township, Pennsylvania
Black Lick Township is a township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,133 at the 2020 census. The township includes the communities of Grafton, Jacksonville, and Newport.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Kharkov school of psychology
The Kharkov school of psychology (Харьковская психологическая школа; Ukrainian: Харківська психологічна школа, romanized: Kharkivska psykholohichna shkola) is a tradition of developmental psychological research conducted in the paradigm of Lev Vygotsky's "sociocultural theory of mind" and Leontiev's psychological activity theory.

Journal of Russian & East European Psychology
Journal of Russian & East European Psychology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge. The journal publishes materials written by authors from the post-Soviet states and Eastern Europe. It was established in 1962 under the title Soviet Psychology and Psychiatry (ISSN 0584-5610) but changed its name to Soviet Psychology (ISSN 0038-5751) in 1966, obtaining its present name in 1992. The editor-in-chief is Pentti Hakkarainen (Vytautas Magnus University). The journal is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO and EBSCO databases.
Neely Spence Gracey
Neely Spence Gracey (born 16 April 1990) is an American long-distance runner who competes in distances from 5000 metres to the marathon. She twice represented her country at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and was the top non-African runner in 2013. She also ran at the 2011 Pan American Games.

She attended Shippensburg University and won eight NCAA Division II titles while there. She ran her first half marathon in 2013 then made a marathon debut at the 2016 Boston Marathon, where she was the top American woman. She is the daughter of former marathon runner Steve Spence.

Rock 'n' Roll New Orleans Marathon
The Rock 'n' Roll New Orleans Marathon & 1/2 Marathon was an annual international road running marathon hosted in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, between 1965 and 2022. It was part of the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series organized by Advance Publications' Ironman Group. The Ironman group announced in September 2022 that it was canceling all future running events in New Orleans due to conflicts with the city over routing and police staffing.
Paper-based microfluidics
Paper-based microfluidics are microfluidic devices that consist of a series of hydrophilic cellulose or nitrocellulose fibers that transport fluid from an inlet through the porous medium to a desired outlet or region of the device, by means of capillary action. This technology builds on the conventional lateral flow test which is capable of detecting many infectious agents and chemical contaminants. The main advantage of this is that it is largely a passively controlled device unlike more complex microfluidic devices. Development of paper-based microfluidic devices began in the early 21st century to meet a need for inexpensive and portable medical diagnostic systems.

Agglutination
In linguistics, agglutination is a morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes (word parts), each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages. For example, in the agglutinative Turkish, the word evlerinizden ("from your houses") consists of the morphemes ev-ler-i-n-iz-den. Agglutinative languages are often contrasted with isolating languages, in which words are monomorphemic, and fusional languages, in which words can be complex, but morphemes may correspond to multiple features.
Cinnamomum osmophloeum
Cinnamomum osmophloeum, commonly known as pseudocinnamomum or indigenous cinnamon, is a medium-sized evergreen tree in the genus Cinnamomum. It is native to broad-leaved forests of central and northern Taiwan.

Cinnamaldehyde, an essential oil extracted from C. osmophloeum, has numerous commercial uses.  Also, it is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, hence a potential drug for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout.

Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C9H8O or C6H5CH=CHCHO. Occurring naturally as predominantly the trans (E) isomer, it gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. It is a phenylpropanoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate pathway. This pale yellow, viscous liquid occurs in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum. It is an essential oil.
2011 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby
The 2011 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition, for men, and 1st edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit, offering totals of $50,000, for men, and $25,000, for women, in prize money. It took place in Granby, Quebec, Canada between July 11 and July 17, 2011.

2011 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2011 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Kruševo Republic
The Kruševo Republic (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Крушевска Република, Kruševska Republika; Aromanian: Republica di Crushuva) was a short-lived political entity, proclaimed in 1903 by rebels from the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in Kruševo during the anti-Ottoman Ilinden Uprising. According to Bulgarian and Macedonian historical narratives, in the town, which was inhabited by different Christian populations, an ephemeral "republic" with a temporary revolutionary government was proclaimed. It is viewed as a historical predecessor in North Macedonia.

Ethnoreligious group
An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a group of people with a common religious and ethnic background or, in some cases, a religious background exclusively. It can also be considered a sub-category of ethnicity, where members have a common religion, which they collectively believe to have.

In a narrower sense, they refer to groups whose religious and ethnic traditions are historically linked.
Alcester Island
Alcester Island (known as Nasikuab or Nasikwabw by its inhabitants) is the largest of the Alcester Islands, between Woodlark Island and Egum Atoll, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

It is located in the Solomon Sea at the eastern end of the New Guinea mainland, 50 km SW of Woodlark Island. It is one of the Trobriand Islands (today officially known as the Kiriwina Islands), which are an archipelago of coral atolls.

Politically, they are part of Murua Rural LLG, Samarai-Murua District, Milne Bay Province in southeastern Papua New Guinea .

Trobriand Islands
The Trobriand Islands are a 450-square-kilometre (174-square-mile) archipelago of coral atolls off the east coast of New Guinea. They are part of the nation of Papua New Guinea and are in Milne Bay Province. Most of the population of 60,000 (2016) indigenous inhabitants live on the main island of Kiriwina, which is also the location of the government station, Losuia.

Other major islands in the group are Kaileuna, Vakuta, and Kitava. The group is considered to be an important tropical rainforest ecoregion in need of conservation.
Raje
Raje (IAST: Rājē, राजे) is a historical royal title from the Indian subcontinent, an honorary title for a Maratha rulers or nobleman, similar to "Your Majesty" or "Raja". It was used to denote royal status and greatness, and Maratha clans prefixed it to their surnames, While "Raje" is an appropriate term, the title "Maharaj" was also widely used, notably by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, to assert sovereignty and align with popular sentiments, though he was also born Shivaji Raje Bhonsle.

Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय, romanized: Kṣatriya) (from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term kṣatriyaḥ is used in the context of later Vedic society wherein members were organised into four classes: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra.
Vroom
Vroom is an onomatopoeia that represents the sound of an engine revving up. It also describes the act of purposefully operating a motor vehicle at high speeds so as to create loud engine noises. The word is a common early childhood sound, and is used in speech therapy techniques. It is also an example of a cross-linguistic onomatopoeia.

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, and chirp, among various other noise-based verbs and nouns such as beep, simmer, or hiccup. Among the many words that likely began as onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough.

Onomatopoeia tends to differ by language: it conforms to the broader linguistic system (conforming to its particular phonetic rules. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (see photo),  dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or ṭik-ṭik in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali.