hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Kollam
Quilon or Coulão (pronunciationⓘ), officially Kollam (pronunciationⓘ), is one of the ancient civilizations in India. It is one of the oldest port cities in the Malabar Coast (present-day Kerala, Kanyakumari and Tulu region) and was the capital city of historic Venadu Kingdom and Travancore Kingdom. When it was known as Quilon, it was the most popular, advanced, and prosperous city in Malabar Coast. Its significance reduced significantly later when it officially known as Kollam. Quilon was once an important trading port in India. It was also known as Jaysimhanadu or Desinganadu. It is now known as the "Cashew Capital of the World".

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
2023 Central European Rally
The 2023 Central European Rally (also known as the Central Europe Rally 2023) was a motor racing event for rally cars which was held from 26 to 29 October 2023. It marked the first running of the Central European Rally, and was the twelfth round of the 2023 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. The event was based in Passau, Bavaria, Germany, and was contested over eighteen special stages covering a total competitive distance of 311.79 km (193.74 mi).

Thierry Neuville and Martijn Wydaeghe won their second rally of the season. Their team, Hyundai Shell Mobis WRT, were the manufacturer's winners. Kalle Rovanperä and Jonne Halttunen became the 2023 World Rally Champions after finishing second. Nicolas Ciamin and Yannick Roche won the World Rally Championship-2 category, while Andreas Mikkelsen and Torstein Eriksen won the 2023 WRC-2 title. Filip Kohn and Tom Woodburn won the World Rally Championship-3 category.

2023 WRC3 Championship
The 2023 FIA WRC3 Championship was the tenth season of WRC3, a rallying championship organised and governed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile as the third-highest tier of international rallying. It was open to privateers and teams using cars complying with Group Rally3 regulations. The championship began in January 2023 with the Rallye Monte-Carlo and concluded in November 2023 with Rally Japan, and ran in support of the 2023 World Rally Championship.

Lauri Joona and Enni Mälkönen entered as the defending drivers' and co-drivers' champions.

Roope Korhonen and Anssi Viinikka won the 2023 drivers and codrivers championships.
Castle of Good Hope
The Castle of Good Hope (Dutch: Kasteel de Goede Hoop; Afrikaans: Kasteel die Goeie Hoop) is a 17th century bastion fort in Cape Town, South Africa. Originally located on the coastline of Table Bay, following land reclamation the fort is now located inland. In 1936 the Castle was declared a historical monument (now a provincial heritage site) and following restorations in the 1980's it is considered the best preserved example of a Dutch East India Company fort.

Bastion fort
A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete. It appeared in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era.

The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain wall from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure.
Corner office
A corner office is an office that is located in the corner of a building. Corner offices are considered desirable because they have windows on two exterior walls, as opposed to a typical office with only one window or none at all (windowless offices occupying a corner of a building are therefore not typically considered "corner offices").

As corner offices are often given to the most senior executives, the term primarily refers to top management positions or the "C-Suite", such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief operating officer (COO), or chief financial officer (CFO). In organizations which do not use this corporate hierarchy, such as law firms and political parties, the corner office generally refers to the most senior partners or officials who are involved with corporate governance.

Corporate governance
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms, processes, practices, and relations by which corporations are controlled and operated by their boards of directors, managers, shareholders, and stakeholders.
Outline of Greenland
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Greenland:

Greenland – autonomous Nordic nation that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland comprises the Island of Greenland and adjacent islands located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically and ethnically an Arctic island nation associated with the continent of North America, politically and historically, Greenland is associated with Europe, specifically Iceland, Norway, and Denmark.  In 1978, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland, making it an equal member of the Danish Realm. Greenland is, by area, the world's largest island which is not a continent in its own right.

Administrative divisions of Greenland
Greenland is divided into five municipalities and two unincorporated areas. The municipalities are Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Sermersooq. Northeast Greenland National Park is a huge unincorporated area that is outside the municipalities and larger than any of them. Pituffik Space Base is a small unincorporated enclave surrounded by the Avannaata municipality and administered by the United States Space Force.
Yerkinkala
47°00′00″N 51°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿47.00000°N 51.80000°E﻿ / 47.00000; 51.80000

Yerkinkala (Kazakh: Еркинкала, Yerkinkala, ەركينكالا) is a town in Atyrau Region, western Kazakhstan, 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of the regional capital of Atyrau. It lies at an altitude of 23 m (75 ft) below sea level.

Atyrau Region
Atyrau Region (Kazakh: Атырау облысы, romanized: Atyrau oblysy; Russian: Атырауская область), formerly known as Guryev Region (Russian: Гурьевская область) until 1991, is one of the regions of Kazakhstan, in the western part of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 355,117; the region itself has a population of 681,241, of which Kazakhs make up more than 90%.
KTV Television
KTV Television (Serbian Cyrillic: КТВ телевизија, romanized: KTV Televizija), also known as KTV Zrenjanin, is a privately owned Serbian television station based in the city of Zrenjanin in the province of Vojvodina.

Zrenjanin
Zrenjanin is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city urban area has a population of 67,129 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 105,722 inhabitants (2022 census data). The old name for Zrenjanin is Veliki Bečkerek or Nagybecskerek as it was known under Austria-Hungary up until 1918. After World War I and the liberation of Veliki Bečkerek the new name of the city was Petrovgrad, in honor of His Majesty King Peter I the Great Liberator, the King of Serbia and the King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Zrenjanin is the second largest city in the Serbian part of the Banat geographical region, and the 4th largest city in Vojvodina (after Novi Sad, Subotica and Pančevo). The city was designated European City of Sport 2021.
Shangping River
Shangping River（Chinese：上坪溪）, located in northern Taiwan, is the upper reaches of Touqian River. It has a length of 44 kilometers and a drainage area of 253 square kilometers, spanning the eastern part of Zhudong Township, the western part of Hengshan Township, and the entire Wufeng Township in Hsinchu County. The upstream of Shangping River's main stream is Xakaro River, which originates from the northwestern side of Mount Kuai at an altitude of 2,512 meters in the Xueshan Range. It flows northwest to Shilu and then turns westward, and at Minsheng, it turns northward, passing through Tuchang and Qingquan. After converging with Maibala River at Taoshan, it is called Shangping River. The river continues to flow northward through Wufeng and Shangping, and after converging with Youluo River near Xiagongguan, it is renamed Touqian River.

Touqian River
The Touqian River (Chinese: 頭前溪; Hanyu Pinyin: Tóuqián Xī; Tongyong Pinyin: Tóucián Si; Wade–Giles: T'ou2-ch'ien2 Hsi1) is a river in northern Taiwan. It flows through Hsinchu County for 63 km (39 mi).
Penna San Giovanni
Penna San Giovanni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Ancona and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Macerata.

Penna San Giovanni borders the following municipalities: Amandola, Falerone, Gualdo, Monte San Martino, Sant'Angelo in Pontano, Servigliano.

Penna is an ancient hill top town. There are half a dozen churches and a small early 18th-century theatre, Teatro Flora. At the very top of the town are the remains of the ancient fort with a panoramic view up to the mountains and looking out at the surrounding hilltop towns.  In the summer the municipality organizes events on numerous evenings, including the Festa della Polenta and Otto Giorni Di Un Linguaggio Volgare.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
History of education in Spain
The history of education in Spain is marked by political struggles and the progress of modern societies. It began in the late Middle Ages, very close to the clergy and the nobility, and during the Renaissance it passed into the domain of a thriving bourgeois class that led an incipient enlightenment in the so-called Age of Enlightenment. The Constitution of 1812 and the drive of the liberals originated the contemporary education.

Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre (Spanish: [limˈpjeθa ðe ˈsaŋɡɾe]), also known as limpeza de sangue (Portuguese: [lĩˈpezɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ], Galician: [limˈpeθɐ ðɪ ˈsaŋɡɪ]), literally 'cleanliness of blood' and meaning 'blood purity', was a racially discriminatory term used in the Crown of Castile and Portuguese Empire during the early modern period to refer to those who were considered to be Old Christians by virtue of not having Muslim, Jewish, Romani, or Agote ancestors. In both empires, the term played a major role in discrimination against suspected crypto-Jews or crypto-Muslims. Over the years it manifested into law which excluded New Christians from almost every part of society.
Government of Kansas
The government of the U.S. state of Kansas, established by the Kansas Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the Federal Government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Through a system of separation of powers, or "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, and also some authority to regulate the other two branches, so that all three branches can limit and balance the others' authority.

The state government is based in Topeka, Kansas.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Country House (Blur song)
"Country House" is a song by English rock band Blur. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album, The Great Escape (1995), on 14 August 1995 by Food Records and Parlophone. Released on the same day as the Oasis single "Roll with It" – in a chart battle dubbed the "Battle of Britpop" – "Country House" reached number one in the UK Singles Chart (the first of two Blur singles to reach number one, the second being 1997's "Beetlebum"). The song is the band's best-selling single, with over 540,000 copies sold as of May 2014. Music magazines Music & Media and NME named it Single of the Week. The accompanying music video was directed by Damien Hirst and nominated for Best Video in the 1996 BRIT Awards.

Dave Rowntree
David Alexander De Horne Rowntree (born 8 May 1964) is an English musician, politician, lawyer, composer and animator. He is best known as the drummer for the rock band Blur.

In his political career, Rowntree served on the Norfolk County Council from 2017 to 2021 representing the Labour Party, and unsuccessfully stood for Parliament as a Labour candidate in the 2010 and 2024 general elections.
2018 Copa Libertadores de Beach Soccer
The 2018 CONMEBOL Libertadores de Beach Soccer was the third edition of the Copa Libertadores de Beach Soccer (known natively in Spanish as the Copa Libertadores de Futbol Playa), an annual continental beach soccer club tournament contested primarily between the champions of the domestic leagues of South American nations who are members of CONMEBOL. A total of 12 clubs took part.

Announced on 31 May, the tournament took place between 26 November and 2 December in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was organised by CONMEBOL in cooperation will local entities: the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) and Brazil Beach Soccer Confederation (CBSB) The event was originally due to take place in Belém, Pará State, Brazil but a change of venue was announced on 23 October.

Brazilians Vasco da Gama were the defending champions but finished as runners-up to fellow Brazilian club Vitória who claimed their first title.

Copa Libertadores de Fútbol Playa
The CONMEBOL Libertadores Fútbol Playa is an annual continental beach soccer club competition, organized by the governing body for football in South America, CONMEBOL, founded in 2016.

Since 2017, the tournament is contested between the top-level domestic league/championship champions from each of the ten South American nations which are members of CONMEBOL. The reigning champions and an additional club from the host country also take part, taking the total number of participants to twelve. It is therefore the premier club beach soccer championship in South America, the winners becoming continental champions.

It is beach soccer's version of the better known Copa Libertadores in association football. Comparatively, in beach soccer, it is South America's version of Europe's Euro Winners Cup.

Paraguayan club San Antonio are the current champions, while Brazilian club Vasco da Gama are the most successful team with four titles.
Bilhete Único
Bilhete Único (Unified Ticket) is the name of the São Paulo transportation contactless smart card system for fare control.

Using Philips Mifare technology, the ticketing system is managed by SPTrans (São Paulo Transporte S/A), the city bus transportation authority, which is controlled by the municipal government. Tickets were first issued using the system on May 18, 2004, when Marta Suplicy was the mayor, allowing for up to four rides in two hours by paying a single fare on buses. From 2006 it has also been used in the local rapid transit system (São Paulo Metro) and on suburban railways operated by CPTM.

MIFARE
MIFARE is a series of integrated circuit (IC) chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards.

The brand includes proprietary solutions based on various levels of the ISO/IEC 14443 Type-A 13.56 MHz contactless smart card standard. It uses AES and DES/Triple-DES encryption standards, as well as an older proprietary encryption algorithm, Crypto-1. According to NXP, 10 billion of their smart card chips and over 150 million reader modules have been sold.

The MIFARE trademark is owned by NXP Semiconductors, which was spun off from Philips Electronics in 2006.
Women in the internal conflict in Peru
Women in the Internal conflict in Peru were active in a large variety of roles, both making significant impacts on the Conflict and with the Conflict having significant impacts on them. Post-conflict women, especially Indigenous women, have played major roles in reconciliation efforts.

According to Camille Boutron of the Universidad de los Andes: "Women's motivations for joining the armed struggle were diverse, as were their social origins, ages, and occupations. On the other side of the conflict, women contributed to the self-defense committees that were formed in the early 1980s to support the Peruvian army in the struggle. Despite being mentioned by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in its 2003 final report, the contribution of peasant women to the war still remains neglected in histories of the conflict."

Violence against women in Peru
Violence against women in Peru is defined as harassment or violence propagated against those who are born women. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of gender-based violence that occurs though it can occur concurrently with sexual and emotional violence.

Peruvian women fare differently than men, experiencing higher rates of poverty and domestic and sexual violence. According to the World Health Organization, 49% of ever-partnered women (women who had been married, lived with a man, or had a regular sexual partner) in Lima and 61% in Cusco reported physical violence by a partner at some time in their life. For sexual violence by a partner these percentages were 23% in Lima and 47% in Cusco.
Anielewicz Bunker
The Anielewicz Bunker (Polish: Bunkier Anielewicza), also known as the Anielewicz Mound (Polish: Kopiec Anielewicza) was the headquarters and hidden shelter of the Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB), a Jewish resistance group in the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland during the Nazi German occupation of World War II.

Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe
Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe encompassed various forms of organized underground activities undertaken by Jews against German occupational regimes in Europe during World War II. According to historian Yehuda Bauer, Jewish resistance can be defined as any action that defied Nazi laws and policies. The term is particularly associated with the Holocaust and includes a wide range of responses, from social defiance to both passive and armed resistance by Jews themselves.

Due to the overwhelming military power of Nazi Germany and its allies, the system of ghettoization, and the hostility or indifference of various segments of the civilian population, most Jews had limited opportunities for effective military resistance against the Final Solution. Nevertheless, there were numerous instances of resistance, including more than a hundred documented armed uprisings.

Historiographically, the study of Jewish resistance to Nazi rule remains an important aspect of Holocaust research.
James McMaster
James McMaster (born MacMaster; April 1, 1820 –  December 29, 1886) was a 19th-century American Roman Catholic newspaper editor and activist known for his conservative political views and ultramontane religious values. McMaster was a "states rights" Democrat, "...ever intemperate and always arch-conservative."

John Hughes (archbishop of New York)
John Joseph Hughes (June 24, 1797 – January 3, 1864) was an Irish-born Catholic prelate who served as bishop (and later archbishop) of New York from 1842 until his death. In 1841, he founded St. John's College, which would later become Fordham University.

A native of Ireland, Hughes was born and raised in Augher in the south of County Tyrone. He emigrated to the United States in 1817, and became a priest in 1826 and a bishop in 1838. A figure of national prominence, he exercised great moral and social influence, and presided over a period of explosive growth for Catholicism in New York. He was regarded as "the best known, if not exactly the best loved, Catholic bishop in the country." He became known as "Dagger John", both for his following the Catholic practice wherein a bishop precedes his signature with a cross, as well as for his aggressive personality. His sister Angela Hughes was a nun and oversaw the opening of 15 schools and convents in New York.
Hossein Korani Ameli
Hossein Korani Ameli (Hossein al-Korani al-Ameli or Ḥusayn Kūrānī or in Arabic: حسین الکورانی العاملی) was a Lebanese Shiite-Muslim cleric, one of the founders of Hezbollah in Lebanon and members of the Lebanese Hezbollah leadership council. He was the brother of Ali Al-Kourani.

Ali Al-Kourani
Ali al-Kourani (Arabic: علي الكوراني; 22 November 1944 – 19 May 2024) was a Lebanese Shia scholar cleric. He was born in 1944 in Yater (Lebanon) In Jabal Amel, migrating to Najaf, Iraq to study in a hawza in 1958.

In 1967, Grand Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim sent him to Kuwait to educate Shia people. He returned to Lebanon in 1974, and established a mosque and a hospital. He lived in Lebanon until 1980. After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, he moved to Qom, Iran. He established the Centre of the Encyclopaedia of Islamic Jurisprudence (Arabic: معجم فقهى) and the Mustafa Centre for Religious Studies (Arabic: مرکز المصطفى للدراسات الدینیه) in Qom.

Al-Kourani died from a heart attack in Qom on 19 May 2024 at the age of 79.