hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pyramid of Elephantine
The pyramid of Elephantine is part of a group of seven very similar small step pyramids, along with the pyramids at Edfu South, el-Kula, Naqada, Zawyet el-Maiyitin, Seila, and Sinki. All of these were built far from the main centres of Egypt and are very poorly understood. The pyramid of Elephantine is located in the northwest part of the Old Kingdom city on the south end of the island of Elephantine in the Nile. The structure was discovered in 1907, but it could only be identified as a pyramid after excavations by the German Archaeological Institute in 1978–79.

Step pyramid
A step pyramid or stepped pyramid is an architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid. Step pyramids – typically large and made of several layers of stone – are found in several cultures throughout history, in several locations throughout the world, with no known connections between the different civilizations that built them. These independent adoptions of a similar design presumably emerged at least partly because step pyramids have a lower center of mass than would a structure with straight vertical sides and are thus inherently more stable.
Clan McCorquodale
Clan McCorquodale is a Scottish clan, recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, though without a chief so recognised. The last chief of the clan died in the 18th century. Because the clan does not have a recognised chief, it is considered an armigerous clan, and has no legal standing under Scots Law. Historically, the clan inhabited lands west of Loch Awe, in Argyll. These clan lands were centred at Loch Tromlee, where an island castle served as the clan seat. The line of Clan McCorquodale chiefs, first recorded in the 15th century, has been untraced since the 18th century.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Blaudzun
Blaudzun is the stage name of the Dutch singer-songwriter Johannes Sigmond (Arnhem, Netherlands, 26 October 1974) who played for years in various bands and projects before pursuing a solo career in 2006.

V2 Records
V2 Records (or V2 Music and V2 Benelux; V2 being an abbreviation for Virgin 2) is a record label that was purchased by Universal Music Group in 2007, sold to PIAS in 2013 and partially acquired by Universal in 2022 (as part of larger PIAS 49% equity acquisition). In 2024, Universal acquired the remaining 51% of PIAS that it did not already own. In Benelux, V2 would operate separately from PIAS from 2013 to 2022, since the label was bought from Universal in 2007, henceforth Universal Music Group fully owns V2.
2007 AFL draft
The 2007 Australian Football League draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2007/08 Australian Football League off-season. These were trade week, the national draft, which was held on 24 November 2007, the pre-season draft and the rookie draft.

Australian Football League draft
The Australian Football League draft is the annual draft of unsigned players, especially new nominations, by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League (AFL).
Lummi Nation
The Lummi Nation (/ˈlʌmi/ LUH-mee; Lummi: Xwlemi [xʷləˈmi] or Lhaq'temish; officially the Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation) is a federally recognized tribe of primarily Lummi people located in western Washington. The Lummi Nation also includes some Nooksack, Samish, and other local tribes, which were removed to the reservation in Whatcom County.

Samish people
The Samish (Samish: Xws7ámesh) are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington. They are a Central Coast Salish people. Through the years, they were assigned to reservations dominated by other Tribes, for instance, the Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation of Washington and the Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation. They are also enrolled in the Samish Indian Nation, formerly known as the Samish Indian Tribe, which regained federal recognition in 1996.
Wola Wiewiecka
Wola Wiewiecka [ˈvɔla vjɛˈvjɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Wielkie, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Strzelce Wielkie, 19 km (12 mi) east of Pajęczno, and 76 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Strzelce Wielkie, Łódź Voivodeship
Strzelce Wielkie [ˈstʂɛlt͡sɛ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Strzelce Wielkie. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) east of Pajęczno and 75 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
Sultan al-Atrash
Sultan al-Atrash (Arabic: سلطان الأطرش, romanized: Sulṭān al-ʾAṭrash; 5 March 1891 – 26 March 1982) was a Syrian nationalist revolutionary who led the Great Syrian Revolt against the French colonial administration in Syria. One of the most influential figures in Syrian and Druze history, he played a major role in deciding the destiny of Jabal al-Druze and of Syria in general.

United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, romanized: al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Muttaḥida) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a short-lived political union between Egypt (including Egyptian-governed Gaza) and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until it was formally dissolved by Anwar Sadat in September 1971.

The republic was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser as the Egyptian president. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961. It was a brief pan-Arab union.
Walter Chatton
Walter Chatton (c. 1290–1343) was an English Scholastic theologian and philosopher who regularly sparred philosophically with William of Ockham, who is well known for Occam's razor.

Chatton proposed an "anti-razor".  From his Lectura I d. 3, q. 1, a. 1:

Whenever an affirmative proposition is apt to be verified for actually existing things, if two things, howsoever they are present according to arrangement and duration, cannot suffice for the verification of the proposition while another thing is lacking, then one must posit that other thing.

In basic terms, he was arguing against Ockham's razor by stating that if an explanation does not satisfactorily determine the truth of a proposition, and you are sure that the explanation so far is true, some other explanation must be required.

William of Ockham
William of Ockham or Occam OFM (/ˈɒkəm/ OK-əm; Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; c. 1287 – 9/10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian, who was born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is widely known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. Ockham is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration corresponding to the commonly ascribed date of his death on 10 April.
Torsten de Winkel
Torsten de Winkel (born 6 January 1965) is a German musician, composer, and philosopher primarily active in the jazz, world music, fusion and electronic music genres. He is known as an electric and acoustic guitarist but also records and performs on electric sitar, keyboards, and percussion. Since the 1990s, he has initiated and participated in several platforms aimed at combining the arts and sustainability.

Kraan
Kraan is a German band based in Ulm and formed in 1970. It had several minor hits through the 1970s and 1980s.  After a break of ten years, the group reunited in 2000.  Their early style can be described as Krautrock that turned later to fusion, combining elements of both rock and jazz.

The band was named Kraan, after considering the name Jack Steam. The name means faucet in Dutch, a fact they were apparently unaware of at the time; it has no meaning in German, but they liked it because it was easy to remember.
Richard Smith (died 1516)
Richard Smith (by 1453–1516) was an English politician and courtier.

Richard was a cloth merchant with premises in both the City of London and Reading in Berkshire. He obtained a number of minor royal appointments before becoming a Yeoman of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth of York in the late 1480s. He was also the Royal bailiff at Swallowfield Park and held the same position under Sir Francis Knollys at Caversham. He was elected a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Reading in 1497, 1504 and 1512.

Francis Knollys (the elder)
Sir Francis Knollys, KG of Rotherfield Greys, Oxfordshire (c. 1511/c. 1514 – 19 July 1596) was an English courtier in the service of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I, and was a Member of Parliament for a number of constituencies.
Hericium erinaceus
Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion's mane, yamabushitake, bearded tooth fungus, or bearded hedgehog, is a species of tooth fungus. It tends to grow in a single clump with dangling spines longer than 1 centimetre (1⁄2 inch). It can be mistaken for other Hericium species that grow in the same areas.

Native to North America and Eurasia, the mushrooms are common during late summer and autumn on hardwoods, particularly American beech and maple. It is typically considered saprophytic, as it mostly feeds on dead trees. It can also be found on living trees, usually in association with a wound.

It is an edible mushroom and used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is generally safe to eat, but its medicinal effectiveness, safety in supplements, and active compounds are unproven.

Hericium
Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the family Hericiaceae. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue.

Their distinctive structures have earned Hericium species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously placed within the order Aphyllophorales, but recent molecular studies now place it in the Russulales.
Pellenz
The Pellenz is a hill country in the northwestern part of the Middle Rhine Basin in Germany between Mayen in the southwest and Andernach in the northeast. In addition Pellenz is the name of a Verbandsgemeinde in the state of  Rhineland-Palatinate, which covers the north of the landscape of Pellenz and has had its seat since May 2017 in the village of Plaidt (prior to that it was run from Andernach).

Mendig
Mendig (German: [ˈmɛndɪç] ⓘ) is a small town in the district Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 6 km north-east of Mayen, and 25 km west of Koblenz. Mendig is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Mendig.

The popular rockfestival Rock am Ring was held in Mendig in 2015 and 2016.
Neustadt am Kulm
Neustadt am Kulm (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔam ˈkʊlm] ⓘ, lit. 'Neustadt on the Kulm') is a municipality in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 29 km northwest of Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and 23 km southeast of Bayreuth.  Neustadt am Kulm is situated directly west of the Rauher Kulm.

Neustadt an der Waldnaab (district)
Neustadt an der Waldnaab is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Schwandorf, Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayreuth and Tirschenreuth, and by the Czech Republic (Plzeň Region). The city of Weiden in der Oberpfalz is enclosed by, but does not belong to the district.
Stanley, Derbyshire
Stanley is a village located roughly halfway between Derby and Ilkeston in Derbyshire, England.

The village is part of the Stanley and Stanley Common Local Government Parish, Stanley Common being a separate village a little to the North. Since 1974 it has been part of the Borough of Erewash.

Ilkeston
Ilkeston (/ˈɪlkəstən/ ⓘ ILL-kis-tun) is a town located in the Borough of Erewash in Derbyshire, England, with a population of 40,953 at the 2021 census. Its major industries, coal mining, iron working and lace making/textiles, have now all but disappeared. Part of the Nottingham Urban Area, the town is located between the cities Derby and Nottingham, near the M1 motorway, and on the River Erewash. Its eastern boundary borders Nottinghamshire to the east and is only two miles from Nottingham's western edge.
Haute-Aboujagane, New Brunswick
Haute-Aboujagane is a small Canadian community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.  Formerly a local service district, it was later part of the rural community of Beaubasin East.

Situated inland from the Northumberland Strait near Shediac, the community is also called La Ha by locals. It is connected to the village of Memramcook via Route 933, a dirt road.

Memramcook
Memramcook, sometimes also spelled Memramcouke or Memramkouke, is a village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located in south-eastern New Brunswick, the community is predominantly people of Acadian descent who speak the Chiac derivative of the French language. An agricultural village, it has a strong local patrimony, key to the history of the region. It was home to the Mi'kmaq people for many years and was the arrival site of Acadians in 1700. A large part of these Acadians were deported in 1755, but the village itself survived.

The Collège Saint-Joseph was the first francophone university in the east of Canada, which opened its doors in 1864 and hosted/organized the first National Acadian Convention in 1881.
Panmun station
P'anmun station is a railway station located in the Kaesŏng Industrial Region, North Hwanghae province, North Korea. It is located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang.

North Hwanghae Province
North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; Korean pronunciation: [ɸwa̠ŋ.ɦɛ.buk̚.t͈o̞], lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea.  The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae.  The provincial capital is Sariwon.  The province is bordered by Pyongyang and South Pyongan to the north, Kangwon to the east, Kaesong Industrial Region and South Korea's Gyeonggi Province to the south, and South Hwanghae southwest.  In 2003, Kaesong Directly Governed City (Kaesong Chikhalsi) became part of North Hwanghae as Kaepung County. Later on in 2019, it was promoted as Special City (Kaesong T'ŭkpyŏlsi). Thus, it was separated from North Hwanghae.
Culex rajah
Culex rajah is a species of mosquito in the genus Culex.  It is endemic to Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.  C. rajah is placed in the subgenus Culiciomyia.  In its larval stage, C. rajah is found exclusively in the pitchers of Nepenthes rajah (hence the name), a species of pitcher plant.  As such, it is considered a nepenthebiont.

Culex
Culex or typical mosquitoes are a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, or St. Louis encephalitis, but also filariasis and avian malaria. They occur worldwide except for the extreme northern parts of the temperate zone, and are the most common form of mosquito encountered in some major U.S. cities, such as Los Angeles.
Mali Kal, Ivančna Gorica
Mali Kal (pronounced [ˈmaːli ˈkaːu̯]) is a small settlement in the hills north of Šentvid pri Stični in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Šentvid pri Stični
Šentvid pri Stični (pronounced [ʃɛnˈtʋit pɾi ˈstiːtʃni] or [ʃənˈtʋit-]; German: Sankt Veit) is a settlement in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. In addition to the sections of the main settlement known as Stari Trg (Slovene: Stari trg) and Zadolžna Vas (Zadolžna vas), it includes the hamlets of Travnik, Sveti Rok (German: Sankt Rochus), Omotce, Postaja Šentvid, and Marof.
Hōri Ngātai
Hōri Ngātai (? – 1912) was a New Zealand Ngāi Te Rangi warrior, farmer and orator. He was the son of Tūtahi, one of the signers of the Treaty of Waitangi in April 1840 at Tauranga.

During the Invasion of the Waikato  (1863 to 1864), Ngātai led a group of Ngāi Te Rangi and Pirirākau warriors, fighting alongside the Kīngitanga movement. He was present at the Battle of Gate Pā (1864), later giving an account of this to Gilbert Mair. Ngāi Te Rangi were defeated by crown troops at the Battle of Te Ranga, after which he declared that Ngāi Te Rangi would never engage in war again. After the wars, Ngātai focused on improving relations between Māori and Pākehā, and focused on maintaining the tribal rights of Ngāi Te Rangi, building the Rauru Kītahi marae in Tauranga, close to the Te Papa Mission Station. By the late 1800s, Ngātai was the largest wheat and maize farmer in the Tauranga district.

Gilbert Mair (soldier)
Captain Gilbert Mair NZC (10 January 1843 – 29 November 1923) was a New Zealand surveyor, interpreter, soldier, public servant and botanical collector. He was born in Whangārei, Northland, New Zealand on 10 January 1843, the son of an early trader, also named  Gilbert Mair. His brother was Major William Gilbert Mair.
Marcelo Gómez
Marcelo Adrián Gómez (born 8 December 1970) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a defensive midfielder.

Gómez is best known for his seven-year period (1990–1997) in Vélez Sársfield, where he played 189 games (4 goals) and won 8 titles.

1994 Intercontinental Cup
The 1994 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 1 December 1994, between Milan, winners of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, and Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1994 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. It was Milan's sixth appearance into the competition, after the victories in 1969, 1989, 1990 and the defeats in 1963 and 1993, whereas it was Vélez Sársfield's first appearance.

Omar Asad was named as man of the match.
North Berkeley, Berkeley, California
North Berkeley is a neighborhood of Berkeley, California. It is situated north of downtown, spanning from Hearst Avenue to Eunice Street, and touches the northwest corner of the UC Berkeley campus.

North Berkeley's primary business district is known as the Gourmet Ghetto. The North Berkeley BART station is located just outside the far western edge of the neighborhood; the Downtown Berkeley BART station is closer to the Gourmet Ghetto. North Berkeley is sometimes defined to include the Northbrae and Thousand Oaks neighborhoods; however, all three areas are distinct local neighborhoods.

It contains the Berkeley Rose Garden, and John Hinkel Park.

Northbrae, Berkeley, California
Northbrae is a neighborhood in Berkeley, California built as part of the early 20th century northern expansion of Berkeley. The name broadly refers to the communities north of Berryman Street, south of Solano Avenue, east of Spruce and west of Albany. It's bordered by the two commercial districts on Solano Avenue and Hopkins Street, as well as hilly terrain made up of volcanic rock, rhyolite, and 136 stairways carved into the landscape. The Northbrae development area is visibly distinct for its pink sidewalks and many stone pillars topped with concrete globes denoting street names. The central hub of Northbrae is the Fountain at the Circle, a water fountain designed by the head architect of the University of California surrounded by terra cotta roundabout and stairwell. Northbrae made it into the American Planning Association's list of Great Places in America in 2011.
Thomson Head
Thomson Head (67°35′S 66°46′W﻿ / ﻿67.583°S 66.767°W﻿ / -67.583; -66.767) is a headland rising to 915 m at the cola side of Bourgeois Fjord, between Perutz and Bader Glaciers, forming the north extremity of German Peninsula on Fallières Coast on the west side of Graham Land, Antarctica. First surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. Resurveyed in 1948-49 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and named for William H. Thomson, FIDS air pilot at Stonington Island in 1947.

Fallières Coast
The Fallières Coast is that portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between the head of Bourgeois Fjord and Cape Jeremy and lies on Marguerite Bay and the Wordie Ice Shelf. On the south it is joined by Rymill Coast, and in the north by Loubet Coast. Fallières Coast was first explored in January 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who named it for Armand Fallières, then President of France.
Indalecio Liévano
Indalecio Liévano Aguirre (24 July 1917 – 29 March 1982) was a Colombian politician and diplomat, who as the 17th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations served as the 33rd President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1978. He also served as Colombia's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister Plenipotentiary to Cuba.

President of the United Nations General Assembly
The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly.
Camy Squadron
The Camy Squadron was a guerrilla column formed by fighters from the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (EPLA), the armed wing of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), in the struggle for Angola's independence.

The squad was especially known for containing five female guerrilla founders of the Organization of Angolan Women - Deolinda Rodrigues, Engrácia dos Santos, Irene Cohen, Lucrécia Paim, and Tereza Afonso - who were captured by the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), supported by the Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile (GRAE), on 2 March 1967, and subsequently murdered.

MPLA
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), from 1977 to 1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola – Partido do Trabalho), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War, which has been described as "one of the longest, most brutal and deadliest wars of the last century." The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.