hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation
The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (日英通商航海条約, Nichi-Ei Tsūshō Kōkai Jōyaku) signed by Britain and Japan, on 16 July 1894, was a breakthrough agreement; it heralded the end of the unequal treaties and the system of extraterritoriality in Japan. The treaty came into force on 17 July 1899 and lasted until 26 July 1941, less than five months before attack on Pearl Harbor.

When this treaty became effective, British subjects in Japan became subject to Japanese laws instead of British laws. The jurisdiction of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan, the British Court for Japan under it and consular courts in each treaty port ceased on that date, save for pending cases which were allowed to continue.  British subjects from that date became subject to the jurisdiction of Japanese courts.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Ferrule
A ferrule (a corruption of Latin viriola "small bracelet", under the influence of ferrum "iron") is any of a number of types of objects, generally used for fastening, joining, sealing, or reinforcement. They are often narrow circular rings made from metal, or less commonly, plastic. Ferrules are also often referred to as eyelets or grommets within the manufacturing industry.

Most ferrules consist of a circular clamp used to hold together and attach fibers, wires, or posts, generally by crimping, swaging, or otherwise deforming the ferrule to permanently tighten it onto the parts that it holds.

Wire
A wire is a flexible, round bar of metal. Wires are commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number or cross-sectional area.

Wires are used to bear mechanical loads, often in the form of wire rope. In electricity and telecommunications signals, wire can refer to electrical cable, which can contain a solid core of a single wire or separate strands in stranded or braided forms.

Usually cylindrical in geometry, wire can also be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire.
Clarke v Hurst
Clarke v Hurst NO and Others is an important case in South African law, with significant ramifications for the legal status of euthanasia. It was heard and decided by Thirion J in the Durban and Coast Local Division on July 30, 1992, and is distinguished from S v Hartmann not only in that it was a civil rather than a criminal matter, but also by the court's divergent finding.

S v Hartmann
S v Hartmann is an important criminal case in South African law, especially in respect of its implications for euthanasia. It was heard by Van Winsen J from March 19 to 20, 1975, in the Cape Provincial Division, with judgment handed down on March 21.
Myochrous
Myochrous is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from North, Central and South America. There are over 50 described species in Myochrous. The generic name is a combination of the Ancient Greek words μῦς (mouse) and χρῶμα (color).

The southern corn leaf beetle (Myochrous denticollis) is a crop pest, and has been reported to damage corn in Illinois. Additionally, the species Myochrous melancholicus has been reported to damage banana fruit.

According to BugGuide and ITIS, the genus is now placed in the tribe Eumolpini instead of Adoxini.

Eumolpinae
The Eumolpinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. It is one of the largest subfamilies of leaf beetles, including more than 500 genera and 7000 species. They are oval, and convex in form, and measure up to 10 mm in size. Typical coloration for this subfamily of beetles ranges from bright yellow to dark red. Many species are iridescent or brilliantly metallic blue or green in appearance.
Colégio Santo Antônio
Colégio Santo Antônio (St. Anthony School) is a private Catholic Franciscan primary and secondary school located in the Savassi neighborhood of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.  It is maintained by Casa de Santo Antonio (St. Anthony House). The institution has stood out in the Brazilian scenario for its excellent performance in the National High School Exam, leading the ranking of schools with more than 100 students who took the exam. It is also a reference in approvals in entrance exams for several universities in the country and around the world.

São João del-Rei
São João del-Rei is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. Founded in 1713 in homage to king John V of Portugal, the city is famed for its historic Portuguese colonial architecture. The current population is estimated at 90,225 inhabitants.
Weld Park Stakes
The Weld Park Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September or October.

Curragh Racecourse
The Curragh Racecourse is a flat racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland. The racecourse is home to Ireland’s five most important flat races, known as the Classics. Racing takes place 23 days each year from the end of March until late October. Guided tours of the venue are available outside of race days.
Mike Carroll (skateboarder)
Michael Shawn Carroll (born August 24, 1975) is a professional skateboarder from Daly City, California. He is the co-founder and vice-president of Girl Skateboards and the co-founder of Lakai Limited Footwear. He was also instrumental in the creation of the Chocolate Skateboards subdivision of Girl. Furthermore, Carroll is known for being in the vanguard of innovative, technical, and stylish street skateboarding in the early 1990s and beyond. The success of skateboarding videos like Hokus Pokus, Ban This!, and Video Days firmly ensconced street as the premier variation of skating (a position formerly held by vert skateboarding).

Transworld Skateboarding
Transworld Skateboarding (TWS) is an international magazine on skateboarding that was based in Carlsbad, California, United States. The publication also ran an accompanying website and video production company. In February 2019, the publishers of Transworld magazine, The Enthusiast Network, were purchased by American Media, Inc. In March 2019, the print edition of Transworld magazine was discontinued. It continues as a digital brand.

A satellite edition, Transworld Skateboarding Japan, is published in Japan.
Kete Ioane
Kete Ioane (30 October 1950 – 13 February 2015) was a Cook Islands politician. He was a Cook Islands Democratic Party Member of Parliament from 1999 to 2010 and served as a cabinet minister between 2006 and 2009.

Vaipae–Tautu
Vaipae–Tautu is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.  Its current representative is Kitai Teinakore, who has held the seat since 2018.

The electorate was created in 1981, when the Constitution Amendment (No. 9) Act 1980–1981 adjusted electorate boundaries and split the electorate of Aitutaki into three.
Oropi
Oropi is a rural settlement located in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 kilometres south of Tauranga and 43 kilometres north of Rotorua.

Oropi is mainly a farming community of both agriculture and horticulture ranging from kiwifruit orchards to dairy farms. Recently there has been some subdivision of farms into lifestyle blocks to take advantage of views of the coastline towards the Coromandel Peninsula and islands in the Bay of Plenty including Karewa Island, Mayor Island (Tuhua) and Mōtītī Island.

Local facilities include a 9-hole golf course, hot pools, a paintball course and mountain bike tracks. The Oropi Memorial Hall and Community Centre includes a 170 square metre auditorium. The nearby Otanewainuku Forest, managed by the Department of Conservation, includes three short public walks.

Karewa Island
Karewa  (Māori: Te Motu o Karewa), is a small, 3.57 ha (8.8 acres), predator free wildlife sanctuary in the Bay of Plenty. It is about 6 km (3.7 mi) off Matakana Island and administered by the Department of Conservation (DoC), with Ngāti Ranginui. Its main species are tuatara and flesh-footed shearwaters. A legend of Taurikura relates how the tuatara on Karewa are descended from a chief's errant daughter.
Traill's flycatcher
Traill's flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) was a supposed species of tyrant flycatcher in the genus Empidonax. It was named by John James Audubon after his close British friend Thomas Stewart Traill.

After 1973 it was considered to be two distinct but closely related species, which are outwardly very similar but prefer differing ranges and habitats, have different songs, and replace each other geographically without significant hybridization:

Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum

Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii (proper)

Alder flycatcher
The alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) is a small insect-eating bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. The genus name Empidonax is from Ancient Greek empis, "gnat", and anax, "master". The specific alnorum is Latin and means "of the alders".
Lochern National Park
Lochern is a national park in Longreach, Central West Queensland, Australia, 1,047 km west of Brisbane. Eastern parts of the national park are interspersed with numerous channels of the Thomson River. The park is sprawled over an area of 24,300 hectares. This area forms important habitats for numerous species. Several lagoons and waterholes within the park provide important refuges for birds and other wildlife.

Thomson River (Queensland)
The Thomson River is a perennial river that forms part of the Lake Eyre Basin, situated in the central west and western regions of Queensland, Australia. Much of the course of the river comprises a series of narrow channels synonymous with the Channel Country and the Galilee subregion.

The river was named in 1847 by the explorer, Edmund Kennedy, in honour of The Hon. Sir Edward Deas Thomson KCMG, CMG, the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales at the time of discovery.
Street Farm
Street Farm was a London-based collective active in the early 1970s, with its origins in the Architectural Association (AA). Its core members were AA students Peter Crump, Bruce Haggart and Graham Caine.

Street Farm was discontinued in around 1976, although Graham Caine and Peter Crump continued to work on sustainable architecture projects in the Bristol area in later years. The group's ideas and projects proved influential as renewable energy and concern for sustainability in architecture became more mainstream in subsequent decades, with leading green architects, including Paul F. Downton and Howard Liddell, citing early encounters with the Street Farmers as important inspirations for their careers.

Sustainable architecture
Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through improved efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large.  Sometimes, sustainable architecture will also focus on the social aspect of sustainability as well. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.

The concept of sustainability, or ecological design, ensures that the use of current resources does not adversely affect future society's well-being or render it impossible to obtain resources for other uses in the long term.
The Challenge: Invasion of the Champions
The Challenge: Invasion of the Champions (originally promoted and titled as The Challenge: Invasion) is the 29th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge. The new individual format was filmed in Krabi, Thailand during October and November 2016, and features alumni from The Real World, Road Rules, The Challenge, and Are You the One? competing.

The season premiered on February 7, 2017, and concluded with the reunion special on May 16, 2017.

The Challenge: Free Agents
The Challenge: Free Agents is the 25th season of the MTV reality game show The Challenge. The season is located in Uruguay and Chile, with former cast members from The Real World and The Challenge competing. This season marks the first since season 11 that does not include any cast members from The Real World: Austin. The season follows a new format, featuring each contestant competing in either teams, pairs, or for themselves, for a share of $350,000 in prize money.

The season premiered with a special 90-minute episode on April 10, 2014 on MTV, marking the first time the show aired on a night other than a Wednesday since season 14 aired in 2007. The season concluded its run on June 26, 2014 with the Reunion special.
Babbila
Babbila (Arabic: ببيلا, also spelled Bebbila) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located on the southern outskirts of Damascus to the east of the Yarmouk Camp. Nearby localities include al-Hajar al-Aswad, Jaramana, Sayyidah Zaynab, al-Sabinah and Yalda. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Babbila had a population of 50,880 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the Babbila nahiyah consisting of 13 towns and villages with a combined population of 341,625.

Sayyidah Zaynab
Sayyidah Zaynab (Arabic: السيدة زينب, romanized: as-Sayyidah Zaynab; meaning "Lady Zaynab"), commonly known as Sayyidah Zaynab (Arabic: سیده زينب), is a town in the Rif Dimashq Governorate of Syria, 10 km (6 mi) south of Damascus, the national capital. With a population of 136,427 (2004 census), it is the 10th most populous city in Syria and the most populous satellite city of Damascus. Administratively, the town is located in Markaz Rif Dimashq district and belongs to the nahiyah ("subdistrict") of Babbila. The municipality of Sayyidah Zaynab is still considered as a rural community by the governorate of Rif Dimashq. The city contains the Qabr Essit Palestinian refugee camp.
Oshawa Creek
Oshawa Creek is a watercourse that flows 50 kilometres (31 mi) from its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine to its mouth on Lake Ontario, at Oshawa, Ontario.  It drains a watershed of 120 square kilometres (46 sq mi). In its lowest reaches, in Oshawa, two tributaries, Goodman's Creek and Montgomery Creek, join the watercourse.

To the west it borders Lynde Creek, which also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine, and the shorter watercourses Pringle Creek and Corbett Creek. Bowmanville Creek, to the east, also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine, while Farewell Creek, that lies between them, stops short.

Lynde Creek
Lynde Creek is a stream in the municipalities of Whitby and Scugog, Regional Municipality of Durham, in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, is a tributary of Lake Ontario, and is under the auspices of the Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority. The creek begins on the Oak Ridges Moraine in geographic Reach Township in the municipality of Scugog, and flows south to its mouth in the southwest of the town of Whitby. Portions of the 132.19-square-kilometre (51.04 sq mi) watershed also extend into the town of Ajax, the city of Pickering and the municipality of Uxbridge.
135th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
135th Siege Battery was a heavy howitzer unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) raised during  World War I. It saw active service on the Western Front at the Somme and Arras, against the German spring offensive, and in the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive.

BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI–VIII
The BL 8-inch howitzer Marks VI, VII and VIII (6, 7 and 8) were a series of British artillery siege howitzers on mobile carriages of a new design introduced in World War I. They were designed by Vickers in Britain and produced by all four British artillery manufacturers but mainly by Armstrong and one American company. They were the equivalents of the German 21 cm Morser 16 and in British service were used similarly to the BL 9.2-inch howitzer but were quicker to manufacture and more mobile. They delivered a 200 lb (91 kg) shell to 12,300 yd (7.0 mi; 11.2 km). They had limited service in the British Army in World War II before being converted to the new 7.2 in (180 mm) calibre. They also equipped a small number of Australian and Canadian batteries in World War I and by the US Army in that war. They were used in small numbers by other European armies.
West Pier Public Convenience
55°50′19″N 5°3′16″W﻿ / ﻿55.83861°N 5.05444°W﻿ / 55.83861; -5.05444

The West Pier Public Convenience or Victorian Toilets is a public toilet on the west pier of the harbour of Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. It opened in 1900, replacing previous cast-iron facilities, and was renovated in 1994.  It is now a tourist attraction and listed for statutory protection.

Rothesay
Rothesay (/ˈrɒθsi/ ⓘ ROTH-see; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Bhòid [ˈpalə ˈvɔːtʲ]) is the principal town on the Isle of Bute, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies along the coast of the Firth of Clyde. It can be reached by a Caledonian MacBrayne ferry from Wemyss Bay, which also offers an onward rail link to Glasgow Central Station. At the centre of the town is the 13th-century ruin Rothesay Castle, unique in Scotland for its circular plan.
Air University (United States Air Force)
Air University is a professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees.

Professional Military Education
Professional Military Education (PME) is the professional training, development, and schooling of military personnel. It encompasses many schools, universities, and training programs designed to foster leadership in military service members.
Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry forest ecoregion of central India. The ecoregion lies mostly in Madhya Pradesh state, but extends into portions of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh states.

Panna National Park
Panna National Park is an national park in Panna and Chhatarpur Districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh with an area of 542.67 km2 (209.53 sq mi). It was declared in 1994 as the twenty second Tiger reserve of India and the fifth in Madhya Pradesh.
Panna National Park was given the Award of Excellence in 2007 as the best maintained national park of India by the Ministry of Tourism of India. Although the reserve went through an ordeal losing almost all of its tigers in 2009 to poaching, a subsequent recovery program touted as one of the most successful big cat population restorations, has resulted in a growth of up to 80 tigers within the park.
Columb the Smith
Columb the Smith was an Irish saint of the early Middle Ages and possibly of the same time period as St Columba. He was commemorated on 7 June.

Little is concretely known about his identity. It is possible that he is the same person as Columb Cóilrigin mentioned in Adomnan of Iona's biography of St Columba. In Adomnan's account, Columb is a blacksmith who lives in Mide in Ireland (modern-day county Westmeath). He lived his life doing works of charity and all that he gained through his work, he used to help the poor. On the day that he died, Columba, in Iona, saw his death and told others that for his charity in life, his soul was then being carried up to heaven by the angels.

Adomnán
Adomnán or Adamnán of Iona (Old Irish: [ˈaðəβ̃ˌnaːn]; Latin: Adamnanus, Adomnanus; c. 624 – 704), also known as Eunan (/ˈjuːnən/ YOO-nən; from Naomh Adhamhnán), was an abbot of Iona Abbey (r. 679–704), hagiographer, statesman, canon jurist, and saint. He was the author of the Life of Columba (Latin: Vita Columbae), probably written between 697 and 700. This biography is by far the most important surviving work written in early-medieval Scotland, and is a vital source for our knowledge of the Picts, and an insight into the life of Iona and the early-medieval Gaelic monk.

Adomnán promulgated the Law of Adomnán or "Law of Innocents" (Latin: Lex Innocentium). He also wrote the treatise De Locis Sanctis ('On Holy Places'), an account of the great Christian holy places and centres of pilgrimage. Adomnán got much of his information from a Frankish bishop called Arculf, who had personally visited Egypt, Rome, Constantinople and the Holy Land, and visited Iona afterwards.
Scaumenacia
Scaumenacia is an extinct genus of lungfish. It lived around the Devonian in North America alongside another prehistoric lungfish: Fleurantia. It lived from approximately 384 to 376 millions of years ago.

Fleurantia
Fleurantia is a genus of prehistoric marine lungfish which lived during the Devonian period of North America. It contains a single species, F. denticulata, known from several partially articulated specimens from the Escuminac Formation of Quebec, Canada. Potential remains of Fleurantia have also been recovered from the Devonian-aged Red Hill locality of Nevada, USA.
Scouting in the United States
Scouting in the United States is dominated by 1 million-member Scouting America and the Girl Scouts of the USA and other associations that are recognized by one of the international Scouting organizations. Other scouting organizations such as Trail Life USA and American Heritage Girls continue to grow steadily. There are also a few smaller, independent groups that are considered to be "Scout-like" or otherwise Scouting related.

Defunct Scout and Scout-like organizations in the United States
Besides the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and Girl Scouts of the USA, both of which still exist, there were other Scouting and Scout-like organizations that arose over the years in the United States. Many are now defunct, including these examples.
Coconut Creek High School
Coconut Creek High School is a high school located in Coconut Creek, Florida, which teaches grades 9–12. Coconut Creek High serves: southern Coconut Creek, and parts of Margate, North Lauderdale, and Pompano Beach. The school is part of Broward County Public Schools and opened in 1970.

Broward County Public Schools
Broward County Public Schools is a public school district serving Broward County, Florida, United States. It is the sixth largest public school system in the nation. Headquartered in the city downtown of Fort Lauderdale, it is the sole school district in the county.

During the 2023–2024 school year, Broward County Public Schools served 251,106 students enrolled in 326 schools and education centers district-wide.
Mii
A Mii (/miː/ MEE) is a customizable avatar used by Nintendo on their Wii, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, and Nintendo Switch 2 video game consoles and mobile apps, including the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS handhelds. The name is a portmanteau of "Wii" and "me", referring to them typically being avatars of the players.

Miis originally debuted on the Wii in 2006, and then later appeared on the Nintendo DS in 2008, the Nintendo 3DS in 2011, the Wii U in 2012, the Nintendo Switch in 2017 and the Nintendo Switch 2 in 2025, as well as various apps for smart devices such as the now-defunct Miitomo in 2016. They competed primarily with Microsoft's Xbox Avatars.

Nintendo Account
Nintendo Account is a single sign-on user account system used for Nintendo services on various platforms. Introduced in February 2016, it is used as the account system for Nintendo-published mobile apps, as well as the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 consoles and other services such as My Nintendo.