hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nemesis Sub-Terra
Nemesis Sub-Terra is a haunted drop tower dark ride located at Alton Towers theme park in Staffordshire, United Kingdom. The ride opened to the public on 24 March 2012. Its theme is focused on the discovery of a nest of eggs in a network of caves, an extension of the theme and concept of the park's Nemesis Reborn roller coaster that opened in 1994.

After several years of operation, the ride closed abruptly in 2015 following a serious incident on The Smiler. Nemesis Sub-Terra, along with six other rides, remained closed the following season as the park transitioned into limited operation. Alton Towers later removed the attraction from its website in 2019, indicating it might be closed permanently. Following months of speculation in 2023, the park revealed that the ride was being refurbished, and it reopened on 27 May 2023. Before the ride reopened, the area was used as a viewing area for the Nemesis Reborn refurbishment.

Dark ride
A dark ride—or ghost train when horror themed—is an indoor amusement ride on which passengers aboard guided vehicles travel through specially lit scenes that typically contain animation, sound, music and special effects. Appearing as early as the 19th century, such exhibits include tunnels of love, scary themes and interactive stories. Dark rides are intended to tell stories, with thematic elements that immerse riders, which unfold throughout the course of the attraction.
Miss America 1972
Miss America 1972, the 45th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on September 11, 1971, and broadcast on NBC.

Laurie Lea Schaefer, representing Ohio, was crowned Miss America 1972. She became an actress, featured on TV series such as Falcon Crest, and later a casting director and talent scout.

Miss America
Miss America is an annual competition that is open to women from the United States between the ages of 18 and 28. Originating in 1921 as a "bathing beauty revue", the contest is judged on competition segments with scoring percentages: Private Interview (30%) – a 10-minute press conference-style interview with a panel of judges, On Stage Question (10%) – answering a judge's question onstage, Talent or HER Story (20%) – a performance talent or 90 second speech, Health and Fitness (20%) – demonstrated physical fitness onstage dressed in athletic wear, and Evening Gown (20%) – modeling evening-wear onstage.

The previous year's titleholder crowns the winner. Miss America 2026 is Cassie Donegan of New York, who was crowned on September 7, 2025, at the Dr Phillips Center for the Performing Arts in Orlando, Florida.
Irreligion in the United Kingdom
Irreligion in the United Kingdom has a history going back to approximately the 1700's, when the rejection of Christianity was first developed as a philosophical position. Irreligion is more prevalent in the UK than in other parts of Europe, with the term "secularism" first used in the mid-19th century. In 2021, the United Kingdom census showed less than half of the population  declared themselves to be Christians in England and Wales, with those identifying as having "no religion" being the fastest-growing group. This has led to British institutions and legislative stuctures being criticised as increasingly unrepresentative of what is becoming a largely non-religious population.

Conway Hall Ethical Society
The Conway Hall Ethical Society, formerly the South Place Ethical Society, based in London at Conway Hall, is thought to be the oldest surviving freethought organisation in the world and is the only remaining ethical society in the United Kingdom. It now advocates secular humanism and is a member of Humanists International.
Gilberth González
Gilberth González U. served as the executive director and member of the board of the Interamerican Scout Foundation, executive director of the Asociación de Guías y Scouts de Costa Rica, and director of operations of the Interamerican Scout Office.
In 1997, Gonzalez was awarded the 258th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.

Bronze Wolf Award
The World Organization of the Scout Movement's Bronze Wolf Award is presented by it for outstanding international service by an individual to the Scout Movement.

The award consists of a bronze wolf pendant hung on a dark green ribbon bordered by two narrow stripes of yellow.

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) has awarded just over 400 Bronze Wolf Awards since it inaugurated its award in 1935. WOSM has restricted the number of recipients in order to maintain the award's significance. Currently, the award is limited to approximately one recipient for every two million members worldwide.
Martin Gray (footballer)
Martin David Gray (born 17 August 1971) is an English professional football manager, in charge of Bishop Auckland and former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in the Football League for Sunderland, Aldershot, Fulham, Oxford United and Darlington, and managed in the Football League with Darlington and Oldham Athletic.

2015–16 Northern Premier League
The 2015–16 season is the 48th season of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, and the ninth season of the Northern Premier League Division One North and South.

The league sponsor for 2015–16 was Evo-Stik.
West Australian (horse)
West Australian (1850–1870) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from October 1852 until June 1854 he ran ten times and won nine races. After being beaten on his debut, he won all his remaining starts including the 2000 Guineas, The Derby the St Leger and the Ascot Gold Cup. He has been retrospectively recognised as the first Triple Crown winner. West Australian was regarded by contemporary experts as one of the best British horses of the nineteenth century. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a sire of winners in England and France and was largely responsible for the survival of the Godolphin Arabian sire-line.

Godolphin Arabian
The Godolphin Arabian (c. 1724–1753), also known as the Godolphin Barb, was an Arabian horse who was one of three stallions that founded the modern Thoroughbred (the others were the Darley Arabian and the Byerley Turk). He was named after his best-known owner, Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin.
Internet Group Management Protocol
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast and allows the network to direct multicast transmissions only to hosts that have requested them.

IGMP can be used for one-to-many networking applications such as online streaming video and gaming, and allows more efficient use of resources when supporting these types of applications.

IGMP is used on IPv4 networks. Multicast management on IPv6 networks is handled by Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) which is a part of ICMPv6 in contrast to IGMP's bare IP encapsulation.

Multicast address
A multicast address is a logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network that are available to process datagrams or frames intended to be multicast for a designated network service. Multicast addressing can be used in the link layer (layer 2 in the OSI model), such as Ethernet multicast, and at the internet layer (layer 3 for OSI) for Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or Version 6 (IPv6) multicast.
Lara Parker
Mary Lamar Rickey (October 27, 1938 – October 12, 2023), better known as Lara Parker, was an American actress and writer known for her role as the witch Angelique Bouchard Collins on the ABC-TV serial Dark Shadows, which aired from 1966 to 1971.

Dark Shadows (audio drama)
Dark Shadows is a series of audio dramas continuing the story of the 1966–1971 television soap opera of the same name. There have been two productions of Dark Shadows audio dramas. The first production, released in 2004 by MPI Home Video, was based on a 2003 stage play. Since 2006, Big Finish Productions have produced a number of audio dramas.
Pulsation reactor
Pulsation reactor technology is a thermal procedure for manufacturing fine powders with precisely defined properties.

Pulsation reactor technology is a thermal procedure with a special functional principle that results in reaction parameters and a reaction medium, and which ultimately leads to other property parameters in terms of surface, reactivity, homogeneity and particle size of the powder material.

The technology has proven particularly effective in the manufacture of ceramic and submicroscale powders, as well as in the production of highly active catalysts. Also, simple oxides such as zirconium oxide with doping elements or mixed oxides like spinel can be produced in the pulsation reactor.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Poblano
The poblano (Capsicum annuum) is a mild chili pepper originating in Puebla, Mexico. Dried, it is called ancho or chile ancho, from the Spanish word ancho (wide). Stuffed fresh and roasted, it is popular in chiles rellenos poblanos.

While poblanos tend to have a mild flavor, occasionally and unpredictably they can have significant heat. Different peppers from the same plant have been reported to vary substantially in heat intensity. The ripened red poblano is significantly hotter and more flavorful than the less ripe, green poblano.

A closely related variety is the mulato, which is darker in color, sweeter in flavor, and softer in texture. The pasilla pepper is sometimes incorrectly called "poblano", particularly in the United States, but they are distinct from true poblano peppers.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is a flowering plant in the family Solanaceae (nightshades), native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America. The plant produces berries of many colors including red, green, and yellow, often with pungent taste. It is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with domestication dating back to around 6,000 years ago in regions of Mexico. The genus Capsicum has over 30 species but Capsicum annuum is the primary species in its genus, as it has been widely cultivated for human consumption for a substantial amount of time and has spread across the world. This species has many uses in culinary, medicine, self-defense, and ornamental applications.
Crowne Plaza
Crowne Plaza by IHG is a multinational chain of full service, upscale hotels headquartered in the United Kingdom. It caters to the business, leisure and blended travel market usually located in city centers, resorts, coastal towns or near major airports. The brand is part of IHG Hotels & Resorts family of brands, which include InterContinental Hotels & Resorts and Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, and operates in nearly 100 countries with more than 400 hotels and 110,000 bedrooms.

InterContinental
InterContinental Hotels & Resorts is a luxury hotel brand created in 1946 by Pan Am founder Juan Trippe. It has been part of UK-based InterContinental Hotels Group since 1998.  As of January 2023, there were 208 InterContinental hotels worldwide, with 70,287 rooms.
Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom
This article about records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom and of England includes a variety of lists of MPs by age, period and other circumstances of service, familiar sets, ethnic or religious minorities, physical attributes, and circumstances of their deaths.

Portsmouth (UK Parliament constituency)
Portsmouth was a borough constituency based upon the borough of Portsmouth in Hampshire.  It returned two members of parliament (MPs) to the Parliaments of England, Great Britain and from 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.
Calgary Dinos women's ice hockey
The Calgary Dinos women's ice hockey team represents the University of Calgary in U Sports women's ice hockey. The Dinos compete in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association Conference in the U Sports athletic association. The program has won one conference championship in 2012 and have made five national championship appearances with a gold medal win in 2012.

Calgary Dinos
The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. They were known as the "Dinosaurs" but usually referred to as the "Dinos" until 1999, when the name was officially shortened. Some of its venues are the Jack Simpson Gymnasium (basketball m/w, volleyball m/w, track and field m/w), McMahon Stadium (football, soccer m/w), Hawkings Field (field hockey), University of Calgary Aquatic Centre (swimming, often shortened to Aquatic Centre) and a 200m Running Track (cross-country and track & field practices).

The men and women hockey teams play at Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. Historically in the rare case of scheduling conflicts, both men's and women's hockey have used the Max Bell Centre for games.
Carsey School of Public Policy
The Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire is located in Huddleston Hall, on the campus of the University of New Hampshire in Durham. The Carsey School is widely known for its research, policy education, and civic engagement work. The school publishes policy-relevant research briefs, offers four master’s degree programs, and brings people together for thoughtful dialogue to address societal challenges.

The Pew Charitable Trusts
The Pew Charitable Trusts is an independent non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO), founded in 1948.

Pew's stated mission is to serve the public interest by "improving public policy, informing the public, and invigorating civic life". Pew operates projects and conducts research across five main areas: communities, conservation, finance and economy, governing, and health. In addition, the Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan public polling and think tank that operates as a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts.
Ōmuta murders
The Ōmuta murders (大牟田殺人, Ōmuta Satsujin) were committed by four members of the Kitamura-gumi (北村組), a yakuza gang based in Omuta, Fukuoka, Japan. The Kitamura-gumi was affiliated with the Dojin-kai crime syndicate. The four were sentenced to death for the murder of four people between 18 and 20 September 2004.

Ōmuta, Fukuoka
Ōmuta (Japanese: 大牟田市, Hepburn: Ōmuta-shi) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan.  As of December 31, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 106,393 in 55,373 households, and a  population density of 1,300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 81.45 km2 (31.45 sq mi).
Abstract Wiener space
The concept of an abstract Wiener space is a mathematical construction developed by Leonard Gross to understand the structure of Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional spaces. The construction emphasizes the fundamental role played by the Cameron–Martin space. The classical Wiener space is the prototypical example.

The structure theorem for Gaussian measures states that all Gaussian measures can be represented by the abstract Wiener space construction.

Uniform norm
In mathematical analysis, the uniform norm (or sup norm) assigns, to real- or complex-valued bounded functions ⁠⁠ defined on a set ⁠⁠, the non-negative number

This norm is also called the supremum norm, the Chebyshev norm, the infinity norm, or, when the supremum is in fact the maximum, the max norm.  The name "uniform norm" derives from the fact that a sequence of functions ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ under the metric derived from the uniform norm if and only if ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ uniformly.

If ⁠⁠ is a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval, or more generally a compact set, then it is bounded and the supremum in the above definition is attained by the Weierstrass extreme value theorem, so we can replace the supremum by the maximum. In this case, the norm is also called the maximum norm.
In particular, if ⁠⁠ is some vector such that  in finite dimensional coordinate space, it takes the form:

This is called the -norm.
2013–14 Cyclo-cross bpost bank trophy
The BPost Bank Trophy 2013–2014 is a season long cyclo-cross competition which began on 13 October with the GP Mario De Clercq and will end on 23 February in Oostmalle.

This edition follows the ranking system introduced the year before, using time instead of points.

Cyclo-cross Trophy
The Cyclo-cross Trophy (Dutch: Trofee veldrijden), also known as X²O Badkamers Trophy (Dutch: X²O Badkamers Trofee),  is a Belgian cyclo-cross racing series currently sponsored by X²O Badkamers (X²O Bathrooms). It is one of the three major season-long competitions in Cyclo-cross, the other two being UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup and Cyclo-cross Superprestige. Many races are held in the province of Antwerp with others being held across Belgium.
1977 IAAF World Race Walking Cup
The 1977 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, on 24–25 September 1977. For the first time, a new competition name IAAF Race Walking World Cup was introduced replacing the former Lugano Trophy. As in 1975, there was a women's 5 km race held as invitation event. Mexico was dominant in the men's events, taking the team title and the top two spots in the 20 km and 50 km events through Daniel Bautista, Domingo Colín, Raúl González and Pedro Aroche. Sweden's Siv Gustavsson  won the invitational women's event.

Complete results were published.

World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships
The World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships is a racewalking event organised by World Athletics. It has been held since 1961, and generally on a biennial basis. The first women's edition of the event happened in 1979. It was formerly known as the Lugano Cup after the city that hosted the first event, then became the IAAF World Race Walking Cup until 2016 and then IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships until 2018. In 2004, a junior division was added for athletes between 16 and 20. Since 2008 it has been a constituent meeting of the World Athletics Challenge – Race Walking.

From 1975 to 1997 was awarded Lugano Trophy for combined team (20K + 50K). Since 1993 the medals have been awarded for the single events of the 20K and 50K teams, therefore in the 1993, 1995 and 1997 editions three team medals were assigned, from 1999 the combined was abolished and the team medals remained two until the present day.
Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana
The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana (Coushatta: Kowassaatiha) is one of three federally recognized tribes of Koasati people. They are located in Allen and Jefferson Davis Parishes, Louisiana. The tribe hosts an annual pow wow during the second weekend in June.

Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana
Jefferson Davis Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,250. The parish seat is Jennings. Jefferson Davis Parish is named after the president of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis. It is located in southwestern Louisiana and forms a part of the Acadiana region.
Duchess Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg (8 March 1671–29 September 1710) was a German princess. She was born into the House of Hanover and later married into the House of Este, which were both part of the House of Welf. She was thus the Duchess of Modena by marriage. She died in childbirth. Some sources refer to her simply as Charlotte.

House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians.
Mastigodiaptomus
Mastigodiaptomus is a genus of Neotropical copepods in the family Diaptomidae. Two of the eight species in the genus are listed as Data Deficient (DD) on the IUCN Red List, and one is listed as a vulnerable species (VU):

Mastigodiaptomus albuquerquensis (Herrick, 1895) – Mexico, United States

Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis (M. S. Wilson, 1941) – Guatemala

Mastigodiaptomus galapagoensis – Galápagos islands

Mastigodiaptomus nesus Bowman, 1986 – southeastern Mexico

Mastigodiaptomus purpureus (Marsh, 1907) – Cuba, Haiti

Mastigodiaptomus reidae Suárez-Morales & Elías-Gutiérrez, 2000 – Campeche

Mastigodiaptomus texensis M. S. Wilson, 1953 – Tamaulipas, Yucatán Peninsula

Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis
Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis is a species of calanoid copepod in the family Diaptomidae. Endemic to Lake Amatitlán in Guatemala, it has not been observed since it was initially described, and may now be extinct.
Security tape
Security tape (or security label) is a type of adhesive tape used to help reduce shipping losses due to pilfering and theft. It helps reduce tampering or product adulteration. It is often a pressure-sensitive tape or label with special tamper-resistant or tamper-evident features. It can be used as a security seal in addition to a container closure or can be used as a security label. They are sometimes used as or with authentication products and as an anti-pilferage seal.

Security tapes and labels are sometimes used in conjunction with security envelopes.

Authentication
Authentication (from Greek: αὐθεντικός authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.

Authentication is relevant to multiple fields. In art, antiques, and anthropology, a common problem is verifying that a given artifact was produced by a certain person, or in a certain place (i.e. to assert that it is not counterfeit), or in a given period of history (e.g. by determining the age via carbon dating). In computer science, verifying a user's identity is often required to allow access to confidential data or systems. It might involve validating personal identity documents.
Ekspla
EKSPLA is a laser and laser electronics manufacturing company based in Vilnius, Lithuania. EKSPLA is known for their lasers and laser systems, as well as other photonics components. The company is supplying their products for scientific, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and industrial applications.

Diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a solid-state laser made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode.

DPSSLs have advantages in compactness and efficiency over other types, and high power DPSSLs have replaced ion lasers and flashlamp-pumped lasers in many scientific applications, and are now appearing commonly in green and other color laser pointers.