hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naphill Common
Naphhill Common is a 71.1-hectare (176-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest in Naphill in Buckinghamshire.  It is in of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and it is listed in A Nature Conservation Review. It is common land, with commoners' rights to estovers (the right to collect constructional materials), grazing (for cattle and swine) and firebote (the right to collect firewood).

This oak and beech wood is thought to be the most natural of all the Chilterns woodlands. It has diverse trees and shrubs, areas of acid heath, wet rides and ponds. Many of the oaks and beech trees are ancient pollards, and they provide an important habitat for invertebrates and lichens. Heathland clearings have some species which are uncommon in the county, such as heath bedstraw and the heather Calluna vulgaris.

There is access from Forge Road and Chapel Lane.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Herbert Hans Haupt
Herbert Hans Haupt (December 21, 1919 – August 8, 1942) was an American spy and saboteur for Nazi Germany during World War II. He was one of six Nazi saboteurs executed by the United States in 1942 for espionage and sabotage as part of Operation Pastorius; at least two of the implicated men, including Haupt, were American citizens.

Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization,  destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a saboteur. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identities because of the consequences of their actions and to avoid invoking legal and organizational requirements for addressing sabotage.
Substitute Teacher (film)
Substitute Teacher (Italian: La supplente) is a 1975 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Guido Leoni. The film was a box office success and launched the brief film career of the singer Carmen Villani.

Commedia sexy all'italiana
The commedia sexy all'italiana (Italian: [komˈmɛːdja ˈsɛksi allitaˈljaːna], lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata ("low-cut comedy") or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of the Italian commedia all'italiana film genre.
Ward Hill, Massachusetts
Ward Hill is a neighborhood in Haverhill, Essex County, Massachusetts. Its coordinates are at 42°45′N 71°06′W﻿ / ﻿42.750°N 71.100°W﻿ / 42.750; -71.100.  It is bordered on the northeast and west by the Merrimack River.  Main roads include the Massachusetts Route 125 called South Main Street where it passes through, the Connector road to I-495 exit 48 and I-495 where it is called the Blue Star Memorial Highway.

It also has a hill called Ward Hill and an island called Kimball Island on the river bank on the west.

Other places in this neighborhood include the Whittier Rehabilitation Hospital.

Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.
George W. Johnson (singer)
George Washington Johnson (October 29, 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. He is known for being the first African American recording star of the phonograph.  His most popular songs were "The Whistling Coon" and "The Laughing Song".

Len Spencer
Leonard Garfield Spencer (February 12, 1867 – December 15, 1914) was an American singer, composer, booking agent and vaudeville star who was considered one of the most popular recording artists in the United States from the 1890s to the 1910s.
Russell Tuttle
Russell Howard Tuttle (born August 18, 1939) is a distinguished primate morphologist, paleoanthropologist, and a four-field (linguistics, archaeology, sociocultural anthropology and biological anthropology) trained Anthropologist. He is currently an active Professor of Anthropology, Evolutionary Biology, History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago. Tuttle was enlisted by Mary Leakey to analyze the 3.4-million-year-old footprints she discovered in Laetoli, Tanzania. He determined that the creatures that left these prints walked bipedally in a fashion almost identical to human beings. He currently lives in Chicago, Illinois.

Tuttle was named Guggenheim Fellow in 1985 and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2003. In 2006, he received the Quantrell Award.

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellowship  of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (FAAAS) is an honor accorded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to distinguished persons who are members of the Association. Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for "efforts on behalf of the advancement of science or its applications [which] are scientifically or socially distinguished".

Examples of areas in which nominees may have made significant contributions are research; teaching; technology; services to 
professional societies; administration in academe, industry, and government; and communicating and interpreting science to the public. The association has awarded fellowships since 1874. AAAS publishes annual update of active Fellows list, which also provides email address to verify status of non-active Fellows. See also Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for more examples.
1997–98 Hibernian F.C. season
Season 1997–98 was an unqualified disaster for Hibs, as the club was relegated to the First Division by finishing bottom of the Premier Division. There was also disappointment in the cup competitions, as the club were beaten by First Division club Raith Rovers in the Scottish Cup, and Dundee United in the League Cup. Manager Jim Duffy was sacked and replaced by Alex McLeish midway through the season.

Jim Duffy (footballer)
James Duffy (born 27 April 1959) is a Scottish football coach and former player, who was most recently the director of football at Scottish League Two club Clyde.

During his playing career he played for Celtic, Greenock Morton, Dundee (three spells) and Partick Thistle.

His managerial career has involved spells with Falkirk, Hibernian, Dundee (two spells – first as player-manager), Brechin City, Greenock Morton, Dumbarton and Ayr United. Duffy also had a brief director of football role at Hearts and an extensive coaching career including spells in English football.
2016 FA Trophy final
The 2015–16 FA Trophy Final was the 47th final of the FA Trophy. The match was contested by FC Halifax Town and Grimsby Town. Grimsby Town were beaten finalists in 2013, but it was FC Halifax Town's first final and their first visit to Wembley Stadium. For the first time the final of the FA Vase was played on the same day at the same venue, contested by Hereford and Morpeth Town. Both matches were televised in the UK on BT Sport.

FC Halifax Town defeated Tamworth, Barrow, Chester, Gateshead and Nantwich Town en route to the final.

Grimsby Town defeated Solihull Moors, Weston-super-Mare, Havant & Waterlooville, Woking, and Bognor Regis Town en route to the final.

FC Halifax Town won the match 1–0 thanks to a goal from Scott McManus after 48 minutes.

2015–16 FA Trophy
The 2015–16 FA Trophy was the 46th season of the FA Trophy, the Football Association's cup competition for teams at levels 5–8 of the English football league system. A total of 276 clubs entered the competition, which was won by FC Halifax Town after beating Grimsby Town 1-0 in front of 46,781 spectators at Wembley in the final on 22 May 2016.
Fast Radius
Fast Radius is a company that provides manufacturing services in four main areas: application discovery, product design and testing, production-grade manufacturing, and global fulfillment. Its on-demand manufacturing capabilities include additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, CNC machining, injection molding, and urethane casting.

Fast Radius’ headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois, with additional facilities located in Atlanta, Georgia; Louisville, Kentucky; and Singapore. Fast Radius operates a digital Cloud Manufacturing Platform that allows users to order parts and manage the product lifecycle from product development through fulfillment.

Aptiv
Aptiv PLC is an American automotive technology supplier with headquarters in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Aptiv grew out of the now-defunct American company, Delphi Automotive Systems, which itself was formerly a component of General Motors.
Forum Minority Research Institute
The Forum Minority Research Institute or Forum Institute (Fórum Kisebbségkutató Intézet or Fórum Intézet in Hungarian and Fórum inštitút pre výskum menšín or Fórum inštitút in Slovak) is a Slovak think tank with its main focus on ethnic minorities living in Slovakia, especially Hungarians. The NGO's scope of activities are the study and documenting of ethnic minorities, publishing these findings and the keeping of a database of historical documents and photographs. It also speaks out on government policy-making on a regular basis, especially when the policies affects the minorities in a negative way, which sometimes triggers criticism from Slovak nationalists.

Hungarians in Slovakia
Hungarians constitute the largest  minority in Slovakia. According to the 2021 Slovak census, 422,065 people (or 7.75% of the population) declared themselves Hungarian. An additional 34,089 people declared a combination of Hungarian and other nationalities. Altogether 456,154 people stated that Hungarian was their mother tongue.

Hungarians in Slovakia are predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the country, near the border with Hungary. They form the majority in two districts, Komárno and Dunajská Streda.
BulkyPix
BulkyPix was a French company specializing in the development and publishing of video games, founded in December 2008 and dissolved in August 2016. The company published over 200 games, primarily for the mobile market and also for web browsers and PC. It went into liquidation in August 2016.

Notable successes include the games My Brute, Saving Private Sheep, Autumn Dynasty, The Sandbox, Type:Rider, Joe Dever's Lone Wolf, Penumbear and Please, Don't Touch Anything.

Please, Don't Touch Anything
Please, Don't Touch Anything, later re-released as Please, Don't Touch Anything: Classic on the Nintendo Switch in Europe and North America, is a puzzle video game developed by Russian indie studio Four Quarters and published by Bulkypix and Plug In Digital. It was released on March 26, 2015, on Steam for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux and on October 21, 2015, for iOS. It received a remake with virtual reality support, Please, Don't Touch Anything 3D, co-developed with Escalation Studios and released on December 7, 2016, on Steam for Windows and Mac OS X. An enhanced port of Please, Don't Touch Anything was released for Nintendo Switch on November 22, 2018, with updated graphics and more solutions.
Nelsons (Homeopathy)
A Nelson & Co Limited (formerly called A. Nelson & Company Limited from 1930–1983), trading as Nelsons, is a British alternative medicine company, with subsidiaries in Germany and the US. The head office and manufacturing facilities are located in Wimbledon, London, with a retail pharmacy in Central London. Spatone is manufactured at the Trefriw Wells Spa in Snowdonia, Wales.

Bach flower remedies
Bach flower remedies (BFRs) are solutions of brandy and water—the water containing extreme dilutions of flower material developed by Edward Bach, an English medical doctor, in the 1910s. Bach stated that the dew found on flower petals retains the supposed healing properties of that plant. The hypothesis that flower remedies are associated with effects beyond a placebo response is not supported by data from rigorous clinical trials.
Alexander Clark of Balbirnie
Alexander Clark of Balbirnie (died 1591) was a Scottish merchant and Provost of Edinburgh. He was closely involved with English diplomacy.

Alexander Clark was Provost of Edinburgh in 1578 and from 1579 to 1584. His surname can also be written "Clerk" or "Clarke", the historian Michael Lynch uses "Clark". Balbirnie is now part of Glenrothes.

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray
James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. 1531 – 23 January 1570) was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.
British intervention in Spanish American independence
Britain's role in the Spanish American wars of independence combines the military, political and diplomatic routes adopted by them, as well as its merchants and private citizens during the conflict. Britain wanted to see an end to Spanish colonialism in the Americas but at the same time wanted to keep her as an ally in post-Napoleonic Europe. British support for the Spanish American revolutionaries was essentially a covert role with both private and state involvement.

As a combined form of unofficial private enterprise, the British were able to use their merchants in the hope of cutting the Spanish monopoly. Arms, supplies, loans, ships, and hired soldiers and sailors were then sent to support the revolutionaries. Spanish aid was eventually cut off from their colonies with the clever use of diplomacy, and with the Royal Navy in command of the oceans. All these factors combined were decisive in the struggle for independence of South American republics.

Juan Illingworth
Juan Illingworth (born John Illingworth Hunt; 10 March 1786 – 2 August 1853) was an English-born naval officer, privateer, general of independence, and later an Ecuadorian admiral and statesman. He served successively in the Royal Navy, the Chilean Navy, the armed forces of Gran Colombia, and the Republic of Ecuador, and is regarded by Ecuadorian historiography as a founding figure of the country's naval tradition and an early builder of the Ecuadorian state.

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W. O. Woods
Walter Orr Woods (October 31, 1873 – June 7, 1951) was an American government official who was Register of the Treasury from October 1, 1927, to January 17, 1929 and Treasurer of the United States from January 18, 1929, to May 31, 1933.  Before becoming Treasurer, he was a member of the War Loan Board staff.  As Treasurer he supervised the change from the large to the smaller sized U.S. currency now in use.

Treasurer of the United States
The treasurer of the United States is an officer in the United States Department of the Treasury who serves as the custodian and trustee of the federal government's collateral assets and the supervisor of the department's currency and coinage production functions. On March 23, 2025, Donald Trump named Georgia state senator Brandon Beach—breaking a 76-year streak of women holding the position—to be the next treasurer. He was formally appointed on May 28, 2025.
Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi
Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi (Arabic: خازم بن خزيمة التميمي) (fl. 749–768) was a Khurasani Arab military leader. One of the early supporters of the Abbasid da'wa in Khurasan, he played a major role in the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads, and then spent the next two decades suppressing revolts across the Caliphate. As one of the main figures of the Khurasaniyya, the main power base of the Abbasid regime, he cemented his family in a position of power and influence: his sons would play an important role in the affairs of the Caliphate over the next decades.

Hugh N. Kennedy
Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic. He specialises in the history of the early Islamic Middle East, Muslim Iberia and the Crusades. From 1997 to 2007, he was Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St Andrews. Since 2007, he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London.
Tandil Partido
Tandil Partido is a partido (Administrative territorial entity of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 108,000 inhabitants in an area of 4,935 km2 (1,905 sq mi), and its capital city is Tandil, which is around 350 km (220 mi) from Buenos Aires.

Partidos of Buenos Aires
A partido is the second-level administrative subdivision used only in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. They are formally considered to be a single administrative unit, usually contain one or more population centers (i.e., towns and cities), and are divided into localidades. The subdivision in partidos in Buenos Aires Province is distinct from all other provinces of Argentina, which call their second-level subdivisions departamento and are further subdivided into distinct municipalities.
Electoral district of Scarborough
Scarborough is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district is a coastal electorate based in the northern suburbs of Perth and is named for the suburb of Scarborough. It also includes the suburbs of Doubleview, Innaloo, Osborne Park and parts of the suburbs of City Beach, Gwelup, Karrinyup and Trigg.

Politically, the district is a marginal one. Based on the results of the 2005 state election, the seat was created with a Liberal Party majority of 52.4% to 47.6% versus the Labor Party.

Scarborough, Western Australia
Scarborough is a coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located approximately 14 km northwest of the city centre in the City of Stirling local government area. Located along the coast of the Indian Ocean, it was named after the English beach resort Scarborough, North Yorkshire.

It has a population of about 14,300 people (2011 census), of whom about 25% were born overseas, mostly in the United Kingdom. It has a landmark high-rise hotel, the Rendezvous Hotel Perth Scarborough, originally built as Observation City in 1986 for Alan Bond, in anticipation of a demand for accommodation when the 1987 America's Cup challenge was held at nearby Fremantle. Scarborough Beach was the venue for the Australian Surf Life Saving Championships for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2018 and 2023.
Disappearance of Nyleen Marshall
Nyleen Kay Marshall (née Briscoe; September 18, 1978 – disappeared June 25, 1983) is an American girl who disappeared under mysterious circumstances in the Elkhorn Mountains in the Helena National Forest near Helena, Montana. Two years after her disappearance, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, other missing person non-profits, as well as Marshall's family, received phone calls and letters from an anonymous man claiming to have abducted Marshall. In the letters and phone calls, the man detailed sexual abuse but alleged that Marshall was safe and had traveled the world with him. The identity of the anonymous caller and writer is unknown.

Marshall's disappearance has received coverage from the NBC series Unsolved Mysteries, as well as television figure Nancy Grace.

Elkhorn Mountains
The Elkhorn Mountains are a mountain range in southwestern Montana, part of the Rocky Mountains and are roughly 300,000 acres (1200 km2) in size. It is an inactive volcanic mountain range with the highest point being Crow Peak at 9,414 ft (2,869 m), right next to Elkhorn Peak, 9,381 ft (2,859 m).  The range is surrounded by the cities of Helena, Montana City, Townsend, Whitehall, and Boulder. The majority of the range is public land including portions in the Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest, the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, Bureau of Land Management, and state lands. The majority of the range is in Montana's Jefferson County, while the eastern portion is in Broadwater County, Montana.
3DM
3DM was a Chinese video game piracy group – a group of individuals specialized in cracking the digital rights management (DRM) applied to commercial PC video games. It was "one of the world's biggest" such groups in and around 2016, according to Kotaku.

Their founder and leader is reported to be a woman using the pseudonym "Bird Sister" (Chinese: 不死鸟; pinyin: bù sǐ niǎo; lit. 'phoenix'). Unusual for piracy groups, 3DM's members have public profiles on the social network Sina Weibo, and use a blog to inform the public about their activities.

Warez group
A warez group is a tightly organised group of people involved in creating and/or distributing warez such as movies, music or software ("warez") in The Scene. There are different types of these groups in the Scene: release groups and courier groups. Groups often compete, as being the first to bring out a new quality release can bring status and respect – a type of "vanity contest". The warez groups care about the image others have of them.
Sand Pillow, Wisconsin
Sand Pillow is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 262.

The community is in central Jackson County, on land of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin. It is bordered to the south by Wisconsin Highway 54, which leads southwest 5 miles (8 km) to Black River Falls, the county seat, and east 48 miles (77 km) to Port Edwards.

Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin
The Ho-Chunk Nation (Ho-Chunk language: Hoocąk) is a federally recognized tribe of the Ho-Chunk with traditional territory across five states in the United States: Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. The other federally recognized tribe of Ho-Chunk people is the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. The tribe separated when its members were forcibly relocated first to an eastern part of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground, then to Minnesota, South Dakota and later to the current reservation in Nebraska.

Historically, the surrounding Algonquin tribes referred to them by a term that evolved to Winnebago, which was later used as well as by the French and English. The Ho-Chunk Nation have always called themselves Ho-Chunk. The name Ho-Chunk comes from the word Hocaagra (Ho meaning "voice", cąk meaning "sacred", ra being a definitive article) meaning "People of the Sacred Voice".