hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kochi City Police
Kochi City Police (KCP), also known as the Ernakulam City Police, is the police agency of the Indian city of Kochi. The force is headed by a Police Commissioner, an IPS officer. The city police was reorganized as Metro Police force, on 1 April 1966, after forming City Corporation of Kochi.

Kochi Municipal Corporation
The Kochi Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation that governs the Indian city of Kochi in the state of Kerala. The Corporation manages 94.88 km2 of Kochi city and has a population of 677,381 within that area. It is the most densely populated city corporation in the state. Kochi Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.
Valentine Phantom
The Valentine Phantom, often referred to as the Valentine Bandit in media reports, refers to an unidentified individual or group who each Valentine's Day secretly decorate the downtown area of a city in the United States with a series of red hearts printed on sheets of letter-sized paper.

The reports began in Portland, Maine, in 1985, and the perpetrators remained unknown until April 2023 when the identity of one of the leaders was revealed following his death. Speculation about the individual or group which decorates before dawn each February 14 is popular in conversation, and local media, and has emerged as an example of vernacular culture.

Vernacular culture
Vernacular culture is the cultural forms made and organised by ordinary, often indigenous people, as distinct from the high culture of an elite. One feature of vernacular culture is that it is informal. Such culture is generally engaged in on a non-profit and voluntary basis, and is almost never funded by the state.

The term is used in the modern study of geography and cultural studies. It generally implies a cultural form that differs markedly from a deeply rooted folk culture, and also from tightly organised subcultures and religious cultures. In cultural and communication studies, vernacular rhetoric is the discursive aspect of vernacular culture, referring to "mundane, bottom-up, and informal discursive expressions that challenge and criticize the institutional".
Marianthus sylvaticus
Marianthus sylvaticus is a species of flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae and is endemic to a small area in the southwest of Western Australia. It is a slender climber with clustered, toothed, linear leaves and blue and white flowers with purple veins.

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. The type genus is Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn.
Disk encryption
Disk encryption is a technology which protects information by converting it into code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people or processes. Disk encryption uses disk encryption software or hardware to encrypt every bit of data that goes on a disk or disk volume. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to data storage.

The expression full disk encryption (FDE) (or whole disk encryption) signifies that everything on the disk is encrypted, but the master boot record (MBR), or similar area of a bootable disk, with code that starts the operating system loading sequence, is not encrypted. Some hardware-based full disk encryption systems can truly encrypt an entire boot disk, including the MBR.

Key (cryptography)
A key in cryptography is a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic algorithm, can encode or decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be different sizes and varieties, but in all cases, the strength of the encryption relies on the security of the key being maintained. A key's security strength is dependent on its algorithm, the size of the key, the generation of the key, and the process of key exchange.
Thessalonica (theme)
The Theme of Thessalonica (Greek: Θέμα Θεσσαλονίκης) was a military-civilian province (thema or theme) of the Byzantine Empire located in the southern Balkans, comprising varying parts of Central and Western Macedonia and centred on Thessalonica, the Empire's second-most important city.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Parviz Sabeti
Parviz Sabeti (Persian: پرویز ثابتی; born 25 March 1936, in Sang-e Sar) is an Iranian lawyer and former SAVAK top deputy under the regime of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Born in Sang-e Sar, Semnan province, Sabeti received a law degree from the University of Tehran and joined the SAVAK, Iran's intelligence agency in the Shah's regime, in 1957. He quickly rose to become the acting director of the SAVAK's so-called third division, the Division of Surveillance and Pursuit, and later became its director.

He has been called one of the most powerful men in the last two decades of the Pahlavi era. Historian Abbas Milani describes him as "like a character from a le Carré novel" and says that "As his fame and reputation grew, his name and face disappeared from the public domain."

In February 2025, three former political dissidents residing in the United States filed a lawsuit against Sabeti. The plaintiffs accuse Sabeti of orchestrating and overseeing their torture during the 1970s.

Abbas Milani
Abbas Malekzadeh Milani (Persian: عباس ملک‌زاده میلانی; born 1949) is an Iranian-American historian, educator, and author. Milani is a visiting professor of political science, and the Hamid and Christina Moghadam Director of the Iranian Studies program at Stanford University. He is also a research fellow and co-director of the Iran Democracy Project at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. In Milani's book, Lost Wisdom: Rethinking Modernity in Iran (2004, Mage Publications), he has found evidence that Persian modernism dates back to more than 1,000 years ago.
Main City
The Main City (Polish: Główne Miasto, German: Rechtstadt) is the central, historic part of Gdańsk's borough of Śródmieście. Unlike the Old Town, the area was rebuilt after World War II and includes some of the city's best known historical monuments, including the St. Mary's basilica, Golden Gate, Artus Court, Main City Hall, the Royal Road, Long Lane and Long Market.

Golden Gate (Gdańsk)
The Golden Gate (Polish: Brama Złota, German: Langgasser Tor) is a historic Renaissance city gate in Gdańsk, Poland. It is located within the Royal Route, the most prominent part of the Old Town and is one of its most notable tourist attractions.
Adegoke Steve Colson
Adegoke Steve Colson is an American jazz pianist, composer, and educator. A member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) since the early 1970s, Colson has performed and recorded with musicians including Joseph Jarman, Reggie Workman, David Murray, Henry Threadgill, Malachi Favors, Kahil El'Zabar, among many others. His work incorporates themes of African American identity and social consciousness, and has been reviewed in publications such as The New York Times, JazzTimes, All About Jazz, and The New York City Jazz Record.

Joseph Jarman
Joseph Jarman (September 14, 1937 – January 9, 2019) was an American jazz musician, composer, poet, and Shinshu Buddhist priest. He was one of the first members of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and a member of the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
Transplant glomerulopathy
Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a morphologic lesion of renal allografts that is histologically identified by glomerular basement membrane (GBM) duplication and/or multilayering. Proteinuria, hypertension, and deteriorating graft function are the hallmarks of TG.

Acute rejection, pre-transplant antibody levels, and de novo HLA antibodies are all linked to TG. There are further risks associated with HLA class II and/or donor-specific antibodies.

Five years after transplant, TG is present in 5–10% of renal allografts; in rare cases, protocol biopsies may reveal TG as a subclinical finding. With chronic alloantibody-mediated injury, the lesion is particularly associated with a poor prognosis for the outcome of the graft.

Thrombotic microangiopathy
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathology that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury.  It may be seen in association with thrombocytopenia, anemia, purpura and kidney failure.

The classic TMAs are hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.  Other conditions with TMA include atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, scleroderma renal crisis, malignant hypertension,
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and drug toxicities, e.g. calcineurin inhibitor toxicity.
Isle of Stenness
The Isle of Stenness is one of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It is off north west Mainland in the Northmavine.

It sheltered the old fishing harbour at Esha Ness on the mainland. The Skerry of Eshaness and Dore Holm are not far away.

Joan Grigsby camped here in 1933, and wrote the book An Island Rooin about it.

Northmavine
Northmavine or Northmaven (from Old Norse norðan mœv-eið, "north of the narrow isthmus") is a sparsely populated peninsula in Shetland, forming the northernmost part of Mainland. The peninsula has historically formed a civil parish of the same name. The modern Northmavine community council area has the same extent. The area of the parish is given as 204.1 km2.
Black Bart (outlaw)
Charles E. Boles (c. 1829 – ? Last seen February 28, 1888), also known as Black Bart, was an English-born American outlaw noted for the poetic messages he left behind after two of his robberies. Often called Charley by his friends, he was also known as Charles (or C. E.) Bolton. Considered a gentleman bandit with a reputation for style and sophistication, he was one of the most notorious stagecoach robbers to operate in and around Northern California and Southern Oregon during the 1870s and 1880s.

Marysville, California
Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Yuba County, California, located in the Gold Country region of Northern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,844, up from 12,072 in the 2010 census. It is part of the Yuba-Sutter area of Greater Sacramento.
Saharsa–Purnia line
Saharsa–Purnia line is a single 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge track from Saharsa Junction to Purnia Junction of Bihar state. The line connects Saharsa to the Mini Darjeeling of Bihar Purnia. The Saharsa–Purnia Court section falls under Samastipur Division of East Central Railway and Purnia Court–Purnia Junction section under Katihar Division of Northeast Frontier Railway.

Samastipur railway division
Samastipur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The division was established in 1969 and is headquartered at Samastipur, Bihar. The current Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) is Shri Jyoti Prakash Mishra.

Other divisions under the East Central Railway Zone include Danapur railway division, Mughalsarai railway division, Dhanbad railway division, and Sonpur railway division, all headquartered at Hajipur.
Christian Universalist Church of America
The Christian Universalist Church of America is a small non-creedal denominational body created in 1964 in Deerfield Beach, Florida  as a result of the merger between the Universalist Church of America with the American Unitarian Association in 1961. The Christian Universalist Church of America teaches and promotes the doctrine of Universal Reconciliation. The church ceased to exist in 1967  at which time it claimed 200 churches and missions in 21 states with more than 15,000 members  and was reestablished in 2001 in the state of Indiana first as the Universalist Church, then as the Universalist Congregations of North America and then back to its original and current name. The Church subscribes to the Winchester Profession of Faith.

Universalist Church of America
The Universalist Church of America (UCA) was originally a Christian Universalist religious denomination in the United States, Canada and the Philippines (plus affiliated churches in other parts of the world). Established in New England in 1793, the denomination had no official name until 1866, as the Universalist General Convention and in 1942 as the Universalist Church of America. In 1961, it consolidated with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association.

The defining theology of Universalism is universal salvation; Universalists believe that the God of love would not create a person knowing that person would be destined for eternal damnation. They concluded that all people must be destined for salvation. Some early Universalists, known as Restorationists and led by Paul Dean, believed that after death there is a period of reprobation in Hell preceding salvation. Other Universalists, notably Hosea Ballou, denied the existence of Hell entirely.
Jakapil
Jakapil (meaning "shield bearer" in Puelchean) is a genus of basal thyreophoran dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-aged) Candeleros Formation of Argentina. The type species is Jakapil kaniukura.

Ceratopsia
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə/ or /ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə/; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia. The earliest known ceratopsian, Yinlong downsi, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago. The last ceratopsian species, Triceratops prorsus, became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, 66 million years ago.

Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in "-ceratops", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a nomen dubium today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.
Mad Gab
Mad Gab is a board game involving words. At least two teams of 2–12 players have two minutes to sound out three puzzles. The puzzles are known as mondegreens and contain small words that, when put together, make a word or phrase. For example, "These If Hill Wore" when pronounced quickly sounds like "The Civil War". There are two levels, easy and hard. The faster the puzzles are answered, the more points the players score.

This game uses phonetics, which is a branch of linguistics. This game is a test for the human brain to process sounds based on simpler English-written sounds into a meaningful word or phrase. The game is designed where a person would not be able to decode the meaning of the phrase unless spoken out loud and listened; reading the phrase silently will not allow the player to decode the meaning because sounds would have to be encoded into meaningful English words.

Mondegreen
A mondegreen (/ˈmɒndɪˌɡriːn/ ⓘ) is a mishearing or misinterpretation of a phrase in a way that gives it a new meaning. Mondegreens are most often created by a person listening to a poem or a song; the listener, being unable to hear a lyric clearly, substitutes words that sound similar and make some kind of sense. The American writer Sylvia Wright coined the term in 1954, recalling a childhood memory of her mother reading the Scottish ballad "The Bonnie Earl o' Moray", and mishearing the words "laid him on the green" as "Lady Mondegreen".

"Mondegreen" was included in the 2000 edition of the Random House Webster's College Dictionary, and in the Oxford English Dictionary in 2002. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary added the word in 2008.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
The 2008 elections for the Texas delegation of the United States House of Representatives was held on November 4, 2008. 31 of 32 congressional seats that make up the state's delegation were contested.  In Texas's 14th congressional district no one challenged incumbent Ron Paul.  Since Representatives are elected for two-year terms, those elected will serve in the 111th United States Congress from January 4, 2009, until January 3, 2011.

The 2008 presidential election, 2008 Senate election, and elections to the Texas House and Texas Senate occurred on the same date, as well as many local elections and ballot initiatives.

Despite widespread success for Democrats nationwide, Republicans gained one seat.

2008 United States Senate election in Texas
The 2008 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 4, 2008. Incumbent Republican John Cornyn defeated Democratic nominee Rick Noriega, a member of the Texas House of Representatives, to win election to a second term.
Heng Li
Heng Li is a Chinese bioinformatics scientist. He is an associate professor at the department of Biomedical Informatics of Harvard Medical School and the department of Data Science of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. He was previously a research scientist working at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts with David Reich and David Altshuler. Li's work has made several important contributions in the field of next generation sequencing.

David Reich (geneticist)
David Emil Reich (born July 14, 1974) is an American geneticist known for the industrialization of research into the population genetics of ancient humans, including their migrations and the mixing of populations, discovered by analysis of genome-wide patterns of mutations. He is professor in the department of genetics at the Harvard Medical School, and an associate of the Broad Institute. Reich was highlighted as one of Nature's 10 for his contributions to science in 2015. He received the Dan David Prize in 2017, the NAS Award in Molecular Biology, the Wiley Prize, and the Darwin–Wallace Medal in 2019. In 2021 he was awarded the Massry Prize. He is the director of the David Reich Lab.
2021 Chandigarh Municipal Corporation election
The elections for the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation were held on 24 December 2021. 203 candidates campaigned for 35 seats in the Chandigarh election. Election results were declared on 27 December 2021.

Contesting the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation elections for the first time, Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) won 14 seats and became the single largest party in the council of total 35 elected seats. BJP again formed the government and secured the mayor post due to defections and cross voting.

During the vote for mayor election, Congress and Shiromani Akali Dal did not vote. One Congress Councillor defected and joined BJP and one AAP vote was declared invalid. Bhartiya Janata Party's Sarabjit Kaur was elected as the new mayor of Chandigarh with 14 votes in support and 13 against. AAP had disputed the mayor election and appealed in the Punjab and Haryana High Court to quash the election of mayor, citing irregularities in the process though it was rejected.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Seiya Suzuki
Seiya Suzuki (鈴木 誠也, Suzuki Seiya; Japanese pronunciation: [sɯ̥dzɯꜜkʲi̥ seːꜜja], born August 18, 1994) is a Japanese professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. Suzuki is a five-time NPB All-Star, six-time NPB Best Nine Award winner, and a five-time winner of the NPB Golden Glove Award. Internationally, Suzuki represents Japan.

Seiya Suzuki is the third Cubs player in the last 100 seasons to start his career with an 8-game hitting streak, joining Andy Pafko (9 in 1943) and Joe Munson (8 in 1925). He is the second Japanese player with an 8-game hit streak to begin his MLB career.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Frank Howson
Frank Michael Howson (10 March 1952 – 10 February 2024) was an Australian theatre and film director, screenwriter, and singer. He directed Flynn (1996) on the early life of Errol Flynn and Hunting (1991). Howson, with Peter Boyle, helped establish Boulevard Films which produced thirteen films from Boulevard of Broken Dreams (1988) to Flynn; besides producing for Boulevard Films, Howson often wrote scripts and directed.

Kim Gyngell
Kim Gyngell (born 1952), sometimes also credited as Kym Gyngell, is an Australian comedian and film, television and stage actor. Gyngell won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1988 for his role as Ian McKenzie in Boulevard of Broken Dreams.
Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Ireland)
This article covers euro gold and silver commemorative coins issued by the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland. It also covers rare cases of collectors coins (coins not planned for normal circulation) minted using other precious metals.  It does not cover either the Irish €2 commemorative coins or the Irish Pound commemorative coins.

For euro gold and silver commemorative coins of other countries see Euro gold and silver commemorative coins.

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins
European Union member states

21 in the eurozone
  1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (Denmark)
  5 not in ERM II, but committed to join the eurozone after meeting the convergence criteria (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Sweden)

Non–EU member states

4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City)
  2 using the euro unilaterally (Kosovo and Montenegro)

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Gold and silver issues of the euro commemorative coins are collectors' euro coins not primarily intended for general circulation; the commemoratives also include rare cases of bimetal collector coins, such as titanium and niobium.