hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.

Philodendron fragrantissimum
Philodendron fragrantissimum, the fragrant philodendron or shortstem philodendron, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae. It is native to the New World Tropics. An epiphyte, an essential oil is extracted from its roots and used for bathing and as a fumigant.
Lehnin Abbey
Lehnin Abbey (German: Kloster Lehnin) is a former Cistercian monastery in Lehnin in Brandenburg, Germany. Founded in 1180 and secularized during the Protestant Reformation in 1542, it has accommodated the Luise-Henrietten-Stift, a Protestant deaconesses' house since 1911. The foundation of the monastery in the newly established Margraviate of Brandenburg was an important step in the high medieval German Ostsiedlung; today the extended Romanesque and Gothic brickstone buildings, largely restored in the 1870s, are a significant part of Brandenburg's cultural heritage.

Frederick William, the Great Elector
Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector" (der Große Kurfürst) because of his military and political achievements. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalian political order of Northern-Central Europe, setting up Prussia for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor.
Pocahontas Mounds
Pocahontas Mounds (22 HI 500) is an archaeological site from the Plaquemine Mississippian culture in Hinds County, Mississippi, dating from 800 to 1300 CE. Two mounds from the site were added to the NRHP on two separate occasions, Pocahontas Mound A on November 25, 1969, as NRIS number 69000365 and Pocahontas Mound B on April 11, 1972, as NRIS number 72000694. The mounds are listed on the Mississippi Mound Trail.

Mississippi Mound Trail
The Mississippi Mound Trail is a driving tour of 33 sites adjoining U.S. Route 61 where indigenous peoples of the Mississippi Delta built earthworks. The mounds were primarily built between 500 and 1500 AD, but are representative of a variety of cultures known as the Mound Builders. Each site has a historical marker and is accessible by road.

Opened in 2016, the trail was a joint venture between the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Department of Transportation and various other stakeholders.
Steam brake
A steam brake is a type of brake for steam locomotives and their tenders, whereby a steam cylinder works directly on the brake linkages.

Steam brakes were primarily used on railways where vacuum brakes were used to brake the train, but where there was no vacuum brake on the steam locomotive itself, as for example in the United Kingdom, or where there was only a cable-operated brake (e.g. a Heberlein brake) running along the train, like for example in Saxony on the narrow gauge railways.

Steam brakes are usually found today on heritage steam locomotives.

Vacuum brake
The vacuum brake is a braking system employed on trains and introduced in the mid-1860s. A variant, the automatic vacuum brake system, became almost universal in British train equipment and in countries influenced by British practice. Vacuum brakes also enjoyed a brief period of adoption in the United States, primarily on narrow-gauge railroads. Their limitations caused them to be progressively superseded by compressed air systems starting in the United Kingdom from the 1970s onward. The vacuum brake system is now obsolete; it is not in large-scale usage anywhere in the world, other than in South Africa, largely supplanted by air brakes.
J. B. Long
James Baxter Long Sr. (December 25, 1903 – February 25, 1975) was an American store manager, owner, and record company talent scout, responsible in the 1930s for discovering Fulton Allen ("Blind Boy Fuller") and Gary Davis, among other notable blues musicians.

Elon, North Carolina
Elon (/ˈiːlɔːn/) is a town in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Burlington metropolitan statistical area. The population as of the 2020 census was 11,324. The town of Elon is home to Elon University.
Ballyroan GAA
Ballyroan Abbey GAA was a Gaelic football club in Ballyroan, County Laois, Ireland.

Founded in 1887, the club colours were sky blue and navy, originally having been royal blue with a dominant white V on the front. The club won eight Laois Senior Football Championship titles, the most recent of which was in 1992.

It also won the second ever Laois Junior A Football Championship in 1907.

In 2006, a number of Ballyroan players were part of the Ballyroan Gaels squad that won the Laois Senior Football Championship. Ballyroan Gaels was an amalgamation of the two neighbouring clubs, Abbeyleix GAA and Ballyroan.

In 2007 the two clubs joined together to form the new Ballyroan Abbey GAA club. The existing Abbeyleix GAA club now solely plays hurling. Ballyroan Abbey still exists today.

Laois All-County Football League
The Laois All-County Football League (ACFL) is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by Laois GAA clubs. There are seven divisions and teams are promoted and relegated according to their league standing each year.

Prior to the inception of the All-County Football League, league competitions titled the Senior Football League, Intermediate Football League and Junior Football League were in place. These would have roughly equated to the current top three or four divisions in the ACFL.

The 2025 ACFL Division One winners were St Joseph's who defeated Ballyroan Abbey in the final.

The trophy for ACFL Division One is called the Rexie McDonald Cup.
The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall
The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall, or, to give its full title, The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse: A New Version of an Old Story, Arranged as a Play for Mummers in One Act, Requiring No Theatre or Scenery, is a verse tragedy by Thomas Hardy based on the medieval legend of Tristan and Iseult.  His last substantial creative work, it was written, published and first performed (by an amateur group, the Hardy Players) in 1923, and revised in 1924.  It is now seldom performed and has had a mixed reception from critics.  In 1924 it was adapted as an opera by Rutland Boughton.

Robert Gittings
Robert William Victor Gittings CBE (1 February 1911 – 18 February 1992), was an English writer, biographer, BBC Radio producer, playwright and poet. In 1978, he was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for The Older Hardy.
Graham Badari
Graham Badari (born 20 January, 1963) is an Aboriginal Australian artist from the Wardjak clan in West Arnhem Land. Graham Badari belongs to the Duwa moeity and speaks the Kunwinjku dialect. At Injalak Arts, Badari is a popular figure, a tour guide, and a font of community news. Art historian Henry Skerritt describes him as possessing a "impish smile and cheeky sense of humour" and a "unique and eccentric personality"

Mimi (folklore)
Mimis (or Mimih spirits) are fairy-like beings of Arnhem Land in the folklore of the Aboriginal Australians of northern Australia. They are described as having extremely thin and elongated bodies, so thin as to be in danger of breaking in case of a high wind. To avoid this, they usually spend most of their time living in rock crevices.

According to Aboriginal folklore, Mimi had human form and made the first rock paintings before the Aboriginal people first came to northern Australia. The Mimi taught the Aboriginal people how to paint, and how to hunt and cook kangaroo meat. The Mimis are considered to be mischievous but generally harmless.
Robots in Disguise
Robots in Disguise are an English electropunk band composed of Dee Plume (vocals and guitar), Sue Denim (vocals and bass) and a changing line-up of backing musicians. The group released four studio albums between 2000 and 2011.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.
Pp-wave spacetime
In general relativity, the pp-wave spacetimes, or pp-waves for short, are an important family of exact solutions of Einstein's field equation. The term pp stands for plane-fronted waves with parallel propagation, and was introduced in 1962 by Jürgen Ehlers and Wolfgang Kundt.

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
Liverpool Rifles
The Liverpool Rifles was a unit of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army, formed in Lancashire as a 'Rifle Volunteer Corps' (RVC) in 1859, becoming a battalion of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) in 1881. It saw action on the Western Front in the First World War and later became a searchlight unit of the Royal Artillery in the Second World War.

Hundred Days Offensive
The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Imperial German Army back, undoing its gains from the German spring offensive (21 March – 18 July).

The Germans retreated to the Hindenburg Line, but the Allies broke through the line with a series of victories, starting with the Battle of St Quentin Canal on 29 September. The offensive led directly to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 which ended the war with an Allied victory. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a planned Allied campaign, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories.
John Lind Johansen
John Lind Johansen (29 September 1852 – 31 January 1940) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was born at Aarstein in Ibbestad. He studies fisheries in France and Belgium, and spent his working career as a fisher and farmer. He was a member of Ibbestad municipal council, and served as deputy mayor, for some time. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway already in the 1903 election, representing the constituencies of Tromsø Amt. The Labour Party went from 0 to 4 seats after the 1903 election, all representatives of Northern Norway. In addition to Lind Johansen, they were Meyer Foshaug, Alfred Eriksen and Jørg Berge; also, Adam Egede-Nissen was elected on the Liberal Party ballot. Johansen was re-elected from the new single-member constituency for Trondenes Municipality in 1906 to serve one more term.

Adam Egede-Nissen
Adam Hjalmar Egede-Nissen (29 June 1868 – 4 April 1953), was a Norwegian postmaster and politician, who began his political career in the Liberal Party and was first elected to the Storting (parliament) in 1900. He later switched to the Labour Party before eventually joining the Communist Party of Norway, serving as party chairman from 1934 to 1946.
Philip Beaumont (1432–1473)
Philip Beaumont (1432–1473), lord of the manors of Shirwell in North Devon and of Gittisham in East Devon, was a member of parliament for a constituency in Devon and was Sheriff of Devon in 1469. He was the rightful heir of his elder brother William Beaumont (1427–1453), a substantial landholder, but faced claims to his inheritance from his bastard nephew, John Bodrugan, "The Beaumont Bastard", the illegitimate son of Joan Courtenay, William's wife.

High Sheriff of Devon
The High Sheriff of Devon is the Kings's representative for the County of Devon, a territory known as his/her bailiwick. Selected from three nominated people, they hold the office for one year. They have judicial, ceremonial and administrative functions and execute High Court Writs. The title was historically "Sheriff of Devon", but changed in 1974 to "High Sheriff of Devon".
Incorruptibility
Incorruptibility is a Catholic and Orthodox belief that divine intervention allows some human bodies (specifically saints and beati) to completely or partially avoid the normal process of decomposition after death as a sign of their holiness.

Incorruptibility is thought to occur even in the presence of factors which normally hasten decomposition, as in the cases of saints Catherine of Genoa, Julie Billiart and Francis Xavier.

Catherine of Genoa
Catherine of Genoa (born Caterina Fieschi Adorno; 1447 – 15 September 1510) was an Italian Catholic saint and mystic, known for her work among the sick and the poor and remembered because of various writings describing both these actions and her mystical experiences. She was a member of the noble Fieschi family, and spent most of her life and her means serving the sick, especially during the plague which ravaged Genoa in 1497 and 1501. She died in that city in 1510.

Her fame outside her native city is connected with the publication in 1551 of the book known in English as the Life and Doctrine of Saint Catherine of Genoa.

Catherine and her teaching were the subject of Baron Friedrich von Hügel's classic work The Mystical Element of Religion (1908).
Richard Brydges
Richard Brydges (c. 1500–1 August 1558) was an English politician.

Sir Richard Brydges was the Member of Parliament for Berkshire from 1539 to 1540 and, at other times, for Ludgershall. The Brydges family leased and then owned the manor of Ludgershall in Wiltshire for much of the sixteenth century.

Richard was the son of Henry Brydges (or Bruges), Esq., of Newbury, Berkshire by his wife, Margery (Hungerford) Bedford, daughter of John Hungerford, Esq.  Richard was also a first cousin to John Brydges, 1st Baron Chandos. He served as the High Sheriff of Berkshire in 1554.

High Sheriff of Berkshire
The High Sheriff of Berkshire, in common with other counties, was originally the King's representative on taxation upholding the law in Saxon times. The word Sheriff evolved from 'shire-reeve'.

The title of High Sheriff is therefore much older than the other crown appointment, the Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire, which came about after 1545. Between 1248 and 1566, Berkshire and Oxfordshire formed a joint shrievalty (apart from a brief period in 1258/1259). See High Sheriff of Oxfordshire.

Unlike the Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire, which is generally held from appointment until the holder's death or incapacity, the title of High Sheriff is appointed / reappointed annually. The High Sheriff is assisted by an Under-Sheriff of Berkshire.
Hapgood-Hume Company
Hapgood-Hume Company was a Salmon cannery and now a historical site in West Sacramento, California in Yolo County. The site of the former Hapgood-Hume Company is a California Historical Landmark No. 1040 listed on April 1, 2009.  The Hapgood-Hume Company was the First Pacific Coast Salmon Cannery founded on April 1, 1864, on the Sacramento River, closed in 1873 in Washington state.  The site of the Hapgood-Hume Company was a National Register of Historic Places, #66000938, from April 6, 1964, to July 14, 2004. The Hapgood-Hume Company was formed by Robert Deniston Hume, William Hume, John Hume, and George Hume, with a friend Andrew Hapgood. All of founders of the company came from Maine. Hapgood had been a tinsmith and a fisherman in Maine, arriving in California in 1864.

Wahkiakum County, Washington
Wahkiakum County (/wəˈkaɪ.əkʌm/ wə-KY-ə-kum) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,422, making it the third-least populous county in Washington. The county seat and only incorporated town is Cathlamet. The county was formed out of Cowlitz County in April 1854 and is named for Chief Wahkiakum ("Tall Timber") of the Chinook, who is buried in the Pioneer Cemetery in Cathlamet.

The county operates the Wahkiakum County Ferry, which connects Cathlamet to Westport, Oregon, across the Columbia River.
Psylliostachys
Psylliostachys is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae.

Its native range is South European Russia, Pakistan and Temperate Asia.

Species:

Psylliostachys × afghanicus Roshkova

Psylliostachys anceps (Regel) Roshkova

Psylliostachys × androssovii Roshkova

Psylliostachys beludshistanicus Roshkova

Psylliostachys leptostachyus (Boiss.) Roshkova

Psylliostachys × myosuroides (Regel) Roshkova

Psylliostachys spicatus (Willd.) Nevski

Psylliostachys suworowii (Regel) Roshkova

Psylliostachys volkii Rech.f.

Psylliostachys suworowii
Psylliostachys suworowii, the poker statice or Russian statice, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to Central Asia and Afghanistan, and introduced to scattered locales worldwide. An annual typically 50 cm (20 in) tall, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental.
Giuseppe Dossena
Giuseppe Dossena (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe dosˈseːna]; born 2 May 1958) is an Italian football manager and former football player, who played as a midfielder. He played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, in particular Torino and Sampdoria, where he won several titles. At international level, he represented the Italy national football team, and was a member of the Italian squad that won the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

1990–91 Serie A
The 1990-91 season saw Sampdoria win the Serie A title for the first time in their history, finishing five points ahead of second placed Milan. Third placed Internazionale were victorious in the UEFA Cup, with ninth-placed Roma compensating for their sub-standard league season with glory in the Coppa Italia, while Juventus's seventh-placed finish meant that they would be without European action for the first season in three decades. Lecce, Pisa, Cesena and Bologna were all relegated.

A notable record was set on 9 December 1990 in a Serie A fixture, when Bologna player Giuseppe Lorenzo was sent off after just 10 seconds for striking an opponent in the match against Parma. This was reportedly the fastest sending off in senior football worldwide at the time.

This is the most recent Serie A season to date in which a team won their first Italian title.
Calappa (crab)
Calappa is a genus of crabs known commonly as box crabs or shame-faced crabs. The name box crab comes from their distinctly bulky carapace, and the name shame-faced is from anthropomorphising the way the crab's chelae (claws) fold up and cover its face, as if it were hiding its face in shame.
The name calappa is associated with kelapa, the Malay word for 'coconut'.

Calappa calappa
Calappa calappa, also known as the smooth box crab or red-spotted box crab, is a tropical marine species of crab with an Indo-Pacific distribution, and showing great variability in its patterning and colouration. First described as Cancer calappa by Linnaeus in 1758 from a specimen originating from Ambon Island, and later in 1781 as Cancer fornicatus by Fabricius, it was finally placed in the genus Calappa by Lancelot Alexander Borradaile in 1903. The name calappa is associated with kelapa, the Malay word for 'coconut'.
Oruanui
Oruanui (Māori: Ōruanui) is a rural community in the Taupō District and Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, located northwest of Wairakei on State Highway 1.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of many pits" for Ōruanui.

The local Ōruanui Marae is a meeting place of the Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Te Rangiita and Te Kapa o Te Rangiita. It includes the and Te Kapa o te Rangiita meeting house.

Taupō District
Taupō District is a territorial authority district in New Zealand. It covers 6,333 km² of land, and a further 610 km² of lake area, including Lake Taupō, New Zealand's largest lake, and Lake Rotoaira. The district stretches from the small town of Mangakino in the northwest to the Tongariro National Park in the south, and east into the Kaingaroa Forest. The district's population is largely located in the two main centres, Taupō and Tūrangi.
Galaxea fascicularis
Galaxea fascicularis is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Euphylliidae, commonly known as octopus coral, fluorescence grass coral, and galaxy coral among various vernacular names.

It is a common species on reef slopes in the Indo-Pacific region and is kept by enthusiasts in reef aquaria.

Euphylliidae
Euphylliidae (Greek eu-, true; Greek phyllon, leaf) are known as a family of polyped stony corals under the order Scleractinia.

This family consists of multiple genera (more than one genus) and various species which are found among the ocean floor. These coral may be sparse or conspicuous in the wild. However, they are commonly kept in home-aquariums to be enjoyed for their beauty and protection by many fish and their owners.
Capesize
Capesize ships are the largest dry cargo ships with ball mark dimension: about 170,000 DWT (deadweight tonnage) capacity, 290 m (950 ft) long, 45 m (148 ft) beam (wide), 18 m (59 ft) draught (under water depth).  They are too large to transit the Suez Canal (Suezmax limits) or Panama Canal (Neopanamax limits), and so have to pass either Cape Agulhas or Cape Horn to traverse between oceans.

When the Suez Canal was deepened in 2009, it became possible for some capesize ships to transit the canal and so change categories.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
Momordica cymbalaria
Momordica cymbalaria is a vine of the genus Momordica found in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.  It is a relative of the bitter melon plant (M. charantia). The plant has also been named Luffa tuberosa (Roxb.) or Momordica tuberosa (Roxb.)

Momordica
Momordica is a genus of about 60 species of annual or perennial climbers herbaceous or rarely small shrubs belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and Australia. Most species produce floral oils and are visited by specialist pollinators in the apid tribe Ctenoplectrini. A molecular phylogeny that includes all species is available (Schaefer and Renner, 2010).