hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Ulama Council
Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesian: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Arabic: مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on 26 July 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah (LDII), and smaller groups such as Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI, and Al Ittihadiyyah.

The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members. In 2005, MUI released the fatwa to prohibit Ahmadiyya as deviant sect of Islam and lobbied the President to ban the expelled religious sect.

Islamic Education Movement
Union of Islamic Education (Indonesian: Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah, Jawi: ڤرستوان تربيه اسلاميه; Arabic: اتحاد التربية الإسلامية‎  Ittiḥād at-Tarbiyah al-Islāmīyah), also known as PERTI, is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. The organization was founded by Sulaiman ar-Rasuli on May 5, 1928, in Candung, West Sumatra. In its development, PERTI had become a political party and gained four People's Representative Council (DPR-RI) seats and seven Constituent seats in 1955 general election.
Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Jean-Pierre Sauvage (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃pjɛʁ sovaʒ]; born 21 October 1944) is a French coordination chemist working at Strasbourg University.  He graduated from the National School of Chemistry of Strasbourg (now known as ECPM Strasbourg), in 1967. He has specialized in supramolecular chemistry for which he has been awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa.

Catenane
In macromolecular chemistry, a catenane (from Latin  catena 'chain') is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles, i.e. a molecule containing two or more intertwined rings. The interlocked rings cannot be separated without breaking the covalent bonds of the macrocycles. They are conceptually related to other mechanically interlocked molecular architectures, such as rotaxanes, molecular knots or molecular Borromean rings. Recently the terminology "mechanical bond" has been coined that describes the connection between the macrocycles of a catenane. Catenanes have been synthesised in two  different ways: statistical synthesis and template-directed synthesis.
Synchronous frame
A synchronous frame is a reference frame in which the time coordinate defines proper time for all co-moving observers. It is built by choosing some constant time hypersurface as an origin, such that has in every point a  normal along the time line and a light cone with an apex in that point can be constructed; all interval elements on this hypersurface are space-like. A family of geodesics normal to this hypersurface are drawn and defined as the time coordinates with a beginning at the hypersurface. In terms of metric-tensor components , a synchronous frame is defined such that

where  Such a construct, and hence, choice of synchronous frame, is always possible though it is not unique. It allows any transformation of space coordinates that does not depend on time and, additionally, a transformation brought about by the arbitrary choice of hypersurface used for this geometric construct.

Einstein synchronisation
Einstein synchronisation (or Poincaré–Einstein synchronisation) is a convention  for synchronising clocks at different places by means of signal exchanges. This synchronisation method was used by telegraphers in the middle 19th century, but was popularized by Henri Poincaré and Albert Einstein, who applied it to light signals and recognized its fundamental role in relativity theory. Its principal value is for clocks within a single inertial frame.
Martha Schlag
Marie Martha Schlag (née Press; 26 February 1875 – 14 June 1956) was a German politician (SPD, KPD, SED). During the Weimar period she sat as a member of the Saxony regional parliament (Sächsischer Landtag). Later, in April 1946, she was a delegate at the party conference which enacted the contentious merger that gave rise to the Socialist Unity Party (SED), after 1949 the ruling party in a new kind of one-party dictatorship, the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic.

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of anti-war members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), from the left of the party as well as the centre and the right. The organization attempted to chart a course between electorally oriented reformism on the one hand and Bolshevik revolutionism on the other. After several splits and mergers, the last part of the organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).
Sogda
Sogda is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Leiodidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:

Sogda ciliaris (Thomson, 1874)

Sogda enigma Peck & Cook, 2009

Leiodidae
Leiodidae is a family of beetles with around 3800 described species found worldwide. Members of this family are commonly called round fungus beetles due to the globular shape of many species, although some are more elongated in shape. They are generally small or very small beetles (less than 10 mm in length) and many (but not all) species have clubbed antennae.

Members of the family are generally detritivorous or scavengers feeding on carrion or decaying organic matter like dung, or are specialised on feeding on specific types of fungus. Many species have reduced wings, with about half of all described species being flightless.

The oldest fossil of the family is Mesagyrtoides from Shar-Teg, Mongolia, dating the Late Jurassic (Tithonian). Members of modern subfamilies appear during the Cretaceous, with Cretaceous members of the family being primarily known from Burmese amber.
History of Belfast
Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland, and throughout its modern history has been a major commercial and industrial centre. In the late 20th century manufacturing industries that had existed for several centuries declined, particularly shipbuilding. The city's history has occasionally seen conflict between different political factions who favour different political arrangements between Ireland and Great Britain. Since the Good Friday Agreement, the city has been relatively peaceful and major redevelopment has occurred, especially in the inner city and dock areas.

James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon
James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, PC, PC (NI), DL (8 January 1871 – 24 November 1940), was a leading Irish unionist and a key architect of Northern Ireland as a devolved region within the United Kingdom. During the Home Rule Crisis of 1912–14, he defied the British government in preparing an armed resistance in Ulster to an all-Ireland parliament. He accepted partition as a final settlement, securing the opt out of six Ulster counties from the dominion statehood accorded Ireland under the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty. From then until his death in 1940, he led the Ulster Unionist Party and served Northern Ireland as its first Prime Minister. He publicly characterised his administration as a "Protestant" counterpart to the "Catholic state" nationalists had established in the south. Craig was created a baronet in 1918 and raised to the Peerage in 1927.
1973–74 FIBA Korać Cup
The 1973–74 FIBA Korać Cup was the third edition of FIBA's new competition, running from 6 November 1973 to 11 April 1974. It was contested by 37 teams, twenty-five more than in the previous edition.

Birra Forst Cantù defeated Partizan in the final to become the competition's first back-to-back champion.

FIBA Korać Cup
The FIBA Korać Cup was an annual basketball club competition held by FIBA Europe between the 1971–72 and 2001–02 seasons. It was the third-tier level club competition in European basketball, after the FIBA European Champions Cup (later renamed the EuroLeague) and the FIBA Cup Winners Cup (later renamed the FIBA Saporta Cup). The last Korać Cup season was held during the 2001–02 season.
Ovid Jackson
Ovid L. Jackson, OOnt (born February 3, 1939, New Amsterdam, Berbice, Guyana) is a Canadian politician.  He represented the federal riding of Bruce—Grey and Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound in the House of Commons for the Liberal Party from 1994 to 2004.

Jackson, originally from Guyana, was a school teacher at West Hill Secondary School in Owen Sound.  He was then elected mayor of the city, serving for 10 years before being elected to parliament in the 1993 election.  He lost his seat to Conservative candidate Larry Miller in the 2004 election.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Oliver P. Morton (monument)
Oliver P. Morton and Reliefs is a public artwork by Austrian artist Rudolph Schwarz, located on the east side of the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, Indiana, at the intersection of North Capitol Avenue and West Market Street.

Wayne County, Indiana
Wayne County is a county located in east central Indiana, United States, on the border with Ohio. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 66,553.  The county seat is Richmond. Wayne County comprises the Richmond, Indiana Micropolitan Statistical Area. Richmond hosts Earlham College, a small private liberal arts college.
Computer Aided Surgery (journal)
The Computer Aided Surgery is a scientific journal covering all aspects of Computer-assisted surgery (CAS), a surgical concept and set of methods, that use computer technology for presurgical planning, and for guiding or performing surgical interventions.

The International Society for Computer Aided Surgery (ISCAS) is involved in the publication of the Journal.

Surgical planning
Surgical planning is the preoperative method of pre-visualising a surgical intervention, in order to predefine the surgical steps and furthermore the bone segment navigation in the context of computer-assisted surgery. The surgical planning is most important in neurosurgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The transfer of the surgical planning to the patient is generally made using a medical navigation system.
Ulearum donburnsii
Ulearum donburnsii is a species of plant in the family Araceae. Native to the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, it can be distinguished from its relative Ulearum sagittatum by the finer, thread-like staminodes on its spadix. It has arrowhead-shaped leaves and grows terrestrially from small rhizomes. The species was described in 2003 and named for Don Burns, a noted grower of aroids and a member of the International Aroid Society.

Ulearum sagittatum
Ulearum sagittatum is a species in the family Araceae. It is endemic to western Brazil and Peru, where it grows on the forest floor from small rhizomes. Its binomial name refers to the sagittate, meaning arrowhead-shaped, form of its leaves.
Pi Aquilae
Pi Aquilae is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila, about 3° to the north of the bright star Altair. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinised from π Aquilae, and abbreviated Pi Aql or π Aql. The apparent visual magnitude of the system is 5.85, making it faintly visible to the naked eye from dark suburban skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 6.39 mas, the distance to this system is approximately 511 light-years (157 parsecs).

The binary nature of this system was first discovered by William Herschel in 1785. The primary component is a magnitude 6.47 giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III:. A companion star at an angular separation of 1.437 arcseconds is an A-type main-sequence star with a classification of A1 V. It is slightly fainter, with an apparent magnitude of 6.75.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Argonaut (lunar lander)
Argonaut or European Large Logistics Lander (EL3) is a class of lunar landers designed by the European Space Agency (ESA) in partnership with Thales Alenia Space to deliver payloads to the surface of the Moon. The lander is being designed with a versatile set of uses in mind, including use as a power station, support for a rover, cargo delivery, and infrastructure delivery. It is envisioned to launch on the Ariane 64 launch vehicle.

Redwire
Redwire Corporation is an American aerospace manufacturer and space infrastructure technology company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. The company was formed on June 1, 2020, by the private equity firm AE Industrial Partners, through the combination of its portfolio companies Adcole Space and Deep Space Systems. Redwire went public in January 2021.
Leteprinim
Leteprinim (Neotrofin, AIT-082) is a hypoxanthine derivative drug with neuroprotective and nootropic effects. It stimulates release of nerve growth factors and enhances survival of neurons in the brain, and is under development as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
2011 Tampere Open
The 2011 Tampere Open (also known as the 2011 Aamulehti Tampere Open for sponsorship purposes) was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 30th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tampere, Finland between 25 and 31 July 2011.

Tampere Open
The Tampere Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour, and has been held annually at the Tampere Tennis Center in Tampere, Finland, since 2008 (and 2007 for the women's ITF). Prior to that ATP Challenger competition was held at the Pyynikki tennis courts from 1982–2007. It is the longest running ATP organized event on the Challenger Tour, becoming the first tournament to celebrate its 40-year anniversary in 2022.
Fábio Simplício
Fábio Henrique Simplício (born 23 September 1979) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He appeared in 243 Serie A games for three clubs and scored 43 goals, having played for nearly a decade in the country.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Isaac van Hoornbeek
Isaäc van Hoornbeek (9 December 1655 – 17 June 1727) was Grand Pensionary of Holland, the political official of the entire Dutch Republic, from 12 September 1720 until his death in 1727.

Hoornbeek was born in Leiden.  He served as pensionary of Rotterdam before 1720.  He died, aged 71, in The Hague.

Grand pensionary
The grand pensionary (Dutch: raadpensionaris) was the most important government official during the time of the Dutch Republic. In theory, a grand pensionary was merely a civil servant of the Estates of the dominant province, the County of Holland, among the Seven United Provinces. In practice, the grand pensionary of Holland was the political leader of the entire Dutch Republic when there was no stadtholder at the centre of power.

The position of the grand pensionary is not easily expressed in modern political terms but is sometimes compared to that of a prime minister. Fundamental differences are that a raadpensionaris had no fellow ministers, did not lead a ministry or department and had no head of state above him.
Yau's conjecture on the first eigenvalue
In mathematics, Yau's conjecture on the first eigenvalue is, as of 2018, an unsolved conjecture proposed by Shing-Tung Yau in 1982. It asks:

Is it true that the first eigenvalue for the Laplace–Beltrami operator on an embedded closed minimal hypersurface of  is ?

If true, it will imply that the area of embedded minimal hypersurfaces in  will have an upper bound depending only on the genus. The Yau's conjecture is verified for several special cases, but still open in general.

Shiing-Shen Chern conjectured that a closed, minimally immersed hypersurface in (1), whose second fundamental form has constant length, is isoparametric. If true, it would have established the Yau's conjecture for the minimal hypersurface whose second fundamental form has constant length.

A possible generalization of the Yau's conjecture:

Let  be a closed minimal submanifold in the unit sphere (1) with dimension  of  satisfying . Is it true that the first eigenvalue of  is ?

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
AH67
Asian Highway 67 (AH67) is a road in the Asian Highway Network running 2,288 kilometres (1,422 mi) from Kuytun, Xinjiang, China to Jezkazgan, Kazakhstan connecting AH5 to AH62. The route is as follows:

A3 highway (Kazakhstan)
A3 is a national highway in Kazakhstan that runs from Almaty to Oskemen with a total length of 1,212 kilometres (753 mi).

The route starts in Almaty, where it goes north and passes cities of Kapchagay, Taldyqorgan and settlements of Sarqan, Ayagoz and Qalbatau until it reaches its destination in Oskemen.
Trencher (comics)
Trencher is an American comic book series, that was created, written and drawn by Keith Giffen and released by Image Comics in 1993. It totaled only four issues before it ended, with a 5th issue indicated in the end caption, and an ad for a 5th issue in Images of ShadowHawk #2. However there never was a 5th issue and the next Trencher appearances was in Images of Shadowhawk #1–3 in 1993 also from Image Comics, Trencher X-Mas Bites Holiday Blow-Out in December 1993, and in Blackball Comics #1 in March 1994, both from short-lived UK publisher Blackball Comics. Giffen illustrated this in a sort of twisted ligne Claire style with some hyper-detailed elements of Geoff Darrow. All stories are ultraviolent and a parody of the then prevalent "Image Comics style".

Supreme (character)
Supreme is a superhero created by Rob Liefeld and published by Image Comics (1992–96 and 2012–15), followed by Maximum Press (1996–98), Awesome Entertainment (1999–2000), and Arcade Comics (2006). Although Supreme was originally conceived as a violent egotistical antihero and Superman archetype, he was retooled by Alan Moore as a tribute to Mort Weisinger's Silver Age Superman.

The character had a 56-issue comic book series, a six-issue miniseries, and a revival in 2012 consisting of six issues. Beginning with issue #41, Moore's run was collected in two trade paperbacks from the Checker Book Publishing Group, Supreme: The Story of the Year and Supreme: The Return. Moore's work on the series earned him an Eisner Award for Best Writer in 1997.
Uttarakhand Electricity Regulatory Commission
Uttarakhand Electricity Regulatory Commission (UERC) is the statutory regulatory authority responsible for regulating the electricity sector in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The commission was established under the provisions of the Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998, and continues to function in accordance with the Electricity Act, 2003. It was established to promote competition, efficiency and economy in the power sector. It also regulates tariffs of power generation, transmission and distribution in Uttarakhand.

The Electricity Act, 2003
The Electricity Act, 2003 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to transform the power sector in India.

The act covers major issues involving generation, distribution, transmission and trading in power. While some of the sections have already been enacted and are yielding benefits, there are a few other sections that are yet to be fully enforced till date.
Knatthøin
Knatthøin is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,883-metre (6,178 ft) tall mountain lies inside Reinheimen National Park, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the village of Lesja. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Søre Kjølhaugen which is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest, Kjølen which is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the northwest, and Skardtind which is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) to the west.

Lesja (village)
Lesja is the administrative centre of Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the upper Gudbrandsdalen valley, along the river Gudbrandsdalslågen, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of the larger village of Dombås. The European route E136 highway and the Raumabanen railway line both pass through the village, with the railway line stopping at the Lesja Station. Lesja Church is located in the village.

The 0.41-square-kilometre (100-acre) village had a population (2024) of 230 and a population density of 561 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,450/sq mi). Since 2019, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.