hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carex aureolensis
Carex aureolensis is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to temperate parts of the Americas from Illinois in the north to northern Argentina in the south.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union after 1939
As a result of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became prisoners of war. Many of them were executed; 22,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the Katyn massacre alone.

Ostashkov
Ostashkov (Russian: Оста́шков) is a town and the administrative center of Ostashkovsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, on a peninsula at the southern shore of Lake Seliger, 199 kilometers (124 mi) west of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  18,088 (2010 Census); 20,660 (2002 Census); 27,401 (1989 Soviet census).
Shenzhou 21
Shenzhou 21 (Chinese: 神舟二十一号; pinyin: Shénzhōu èrshíyī-hào; lit. 'Divine Boat Number 21') was a Chinese spaceflight to the Tiangong space station, launched on 31 October 2025. It carried three taikonauts on board a Shenzhou spacecraft. The mission is the 16th crewed Chinese spaceflight and the 21st flight overall of the Shenzhou program. The flight marked the tenth crew rotation to the Tiangong station, which has been continuously occupied since June 2021.

The Shenzhou 21 spacecraft was originally scheduled to complete a six-month rotation at Tiangong. However, due to suspected space debris damage to the Shenzhou 20 spacecraft, Shenzhou 21 returned to Earth early after only a two-week stay, carrying the Shenzhou 20 crew. The Shenzhou 21 mission crew remains at Tiangong.

Shenzhou (spacecraft)
Shenzhou (Chinese: 神舟; pinyin: Shénzhōu, /ˈʃɛnˈdʒoʊ/ shen-JOH; see § Etymology) is a Chinese spacecraft developed for the nation's crewed space program. Its design was based on Russia's Soyuz, but larger and modernized. Like Soyuz, Shenzhou is a single-use vehicle composed of three modules; a descent module which houses the crew during launch and reentry, an orbital module which provides additional living space and storage during orbit, but is jettisoned before reentry, and a service module responsible for propulsion and power, also discarded before reentry. For added safety and aerodynamics, the spacecraft is encased within a fairing and fitted with a launch escape system during liftoff.

Its maiden uncrewed flight, Shenzhou 1, was on 19 November 1999, with the first crewed mission, Shenzhou 5, taking flight on 15 October 2003. It is slated for replacement by the next-generation Mengzhou, currently in development, with a two module configuration.
LexA repressor
The LexA repressor or LexA (Locus for X-ray sensitivity A) is a transcriptional repressor (EC 3.4.21.88) that represses SOS response genes coding primarily for error-prone DNA polymerases, DNA repair enzymes and cell division inhibitors. LexA forms de facto a two-component regulatory system with RecA, which senses DNA damage at stalled replication forks, forming monofilaments and acquiring an active conformation capable of binding to LexA and causing LexA to cleave itself, in a process called autoproteolysis.

LexA polypeptides contains a two domains: a DNA-binding domain and a dimerization domain. The dimerization domain binds to other LexA polypeptides to form dumbbell shaped dimers. The DNA-binding domain is  a variant form of the helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif, and is usually located at the N-terminus of the protein. This domain is bound to an SOS box upstream of SOS response genes until DNA damage stimulates autoproteolysis.

Helix-turn-helix
The helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif in proteins that functions as a DNA-binding domain (DBD). Each monomer incorporates two α helices, joined by a short strand of amino acids, that bind to the major groove of DNA. The HTH motif occurs in many proteins that regulate gene expression. It should not be confused with the helix–loop–helix motif.
Rugby union in Hong Kong
Rugby union in Hong Kong is long established, partly as a result of its being a British colony. Rugby union is one of the most popular sports in Hong Kong. In contrast to the People's Republic of China, it has had a continuous existence dating back over a hundred years, and is most notable for the Hong Kong Sevens tournament, the best known of the rugby sevens tournaments. The top domestic club competition is the HKRFU Premiership.

Asia Rugby Championship
The Asia Rugby Championship, or ARC, is an annual rugby union competition held amongst national rugby sides within the Asia Rugby region. The competition was originally known as the Asian Rugby Football Tournament when founded in 1969, and was called the Asian Five Nations from 2008 to 2014.

The winner of the competition's top division is recognised as the rugby champion of Asia. The top division, sometimes referred to as the Tri Nations, includes the top three Asian teams each season. Division 1 includes the next four teams and Division 2 includes the next four. Division three is  further divided geographically, with each of the West, East and South Central divisions including three teams.

Japan is the most successful team, securing 25 out of a possible 30 titles since 1969. They have not participated in the series since 2017.
Amisquioumisca Lake
Amisquioumisca Lake is a freshwater body consisting of a major body of water in the Nipukatasi River, on the South Hydrographic Slope of the Broadback River, in the Municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

The forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational
tourism activities come second.

The hydrographic slope of Amisquioumisca Lake is accessible via the James Bay Highway (North-South direction) from Matagami, passing on the west side of the lake.

The surface of Amisquioumisca Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Matagami
Matagami (/mətɑːɡəmi/, French pronunciation: [mataɡami]) is a small town in Quebec, Canada. It is located north of Amos, on Matagami Lake, at the northern terminus of Route 109 and the start of the James Bay Road (French: Route de la Baie James).  It is enclaved within the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay, but administratively independent of it. The town had a population of 1,526 as of the Canada 2011 Census.
Namu Atoll
Namu Atoll (Marshallese: Naṃo, [nʲɑmˠo]) is a coral atoll of 54 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 6.27 square kilometers (2.42 sq mi), but that encloses a lagoon of 397 square kilometers (153 sq mi). It is located approximately 62 kilometers (39 mi) south-southwest of Kwajalein Atoll.

There are four main population centres, the islands of Namu, Majkin, Loen and Mae. The population of Namu Atoll was 525 at the 2021 census.

Ralik
The Ralik Chain (Marshallese: Rālik, [rˠæːlʲik]) is a chain of islands within the island nation of the Marshall Islands.  Ralik means "sunset".  It is west of the Ratak Chain. In 1999 the total population of the Ralik islands was 19,915. Christopher Loeak, who became President of the Marshall Islands in 2012, was formerly Minister for the Ralik Chain.

List of atolls and isolated islands in the chain:
Juan Antonio Martínez
Juan Antonio Martínez was interim President of Guatemala from 16 August 1848 to 28 November 1848. Martinez was elected due to the resignation of President José Rafael Carrera Turcios on August 15, 1848.

The Liberal Party, expected at any time to take up arms against each other, elected Juan Martinez as a president because he had the qualities, they were looking for in liberal politicians. At first Mr. Martinez did not accept the position but finally was convinced. Being inexperienced in the realm of politics, the Martinez administration was a series of mistakes and deviations.  As an expert banker on foreign currency, he handled the Guatemalan bank well.

Between August and November 27, 1848, when he presented his irrevocable resignation due to war and "dirty passions" of politicians. On April 30, 1854, Martinez died in Guatemala City.

President of Guatemala
The president of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de Guatemala), officially titled President of the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term. The position of President was created in 1839.
Stone Sign Post Road Bridge over Plum Brook
The Stone Sign Post Road Bridge over Plum Brook is a historic Warren truss bridge located in Delaware Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1903 by John W. Scott of Flemington, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2016, for its significance in engineering. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission (MPS).

The 26 foot (7.9 m) long single-span bridge crosses Plum Brook, a tributary of the Wickecheoke Creek, which flows into the Delaware River at Prallsville. According to the nomination form, it is a distinct modification of a traditional Warren truss bridge. Scott also built the nearby Peck's Ferry Bridge, which also crosses Plum Brook.

Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Delaware Township is a township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Part of the township is on the Hunterdon Plateau, while the southern portions are in the Amwell Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 4,560, a decrease of three people (−0.1%) from the 2010 census count of 4,563, which in turn reflected an increase of 85 (+1.9%) from the 4,478 counted in the 2000 census.

The historic community of Sergeantsville is located within Delaware Township, as well as the unincorporated community of Raven Rock.
Ülo Uluots
Ülo Uluots (4 February 1930 Jõhvi – 18 July 1997 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician, mining engineer and military historian. From April 1992 until October 1992, Uluots was the first Estonian Minister of Defence since Estonia's regaining independence.

His father, Oskar Uluots, was an officer of the Republic of Estonia and brother of Prime Minister of Estonia Jüri Uluots.

He was a member of VIII Riigikogu.

Minister of Defence (Estonia)
The Minister of Defence (Estonian: Kaitseminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Defence (Estonian: Kaitseministeerium) in the Estonian Government. The minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for coordinating the governments policies on national defence and the military forces. The defence minister is chosen by the prime minister as a part of the government.

When the position was originally established in 1918, it was called the minister of war (Sõjaminister). The post was renamed minister of defence on April 1, 1929, but would change back to minister of war in 1937. Though the name of the position, and subsequently the ministry, was changed, the main responsibilities of the position remained virtually same.

Since Estonia regained its independence in 1991 the post has been known as the minister of defence.
Robert Parys
Robert Parys (died 1408), of Hildersham, Cambridgeshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Cambridgeshire in September 1388 and was picked High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire for 1386–87 and 1390–91.

He was Chamberlain of Chester and North Wales 6 May 1394 – 16 August 1399 (losing the post when Richard II was deposed), but he was reappointed late in 1399 under Henry IV and served until 1405. Parys Mountain is reputed to be named after him, after it was given to him by Henry IV.

Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
This is an incomplete list of sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in England from 1154 until the abolition of the office in 1965.

Exceptionally, the two counties shared a single sheriff. Sheriffs had a one-year term of office, being appointed at a meeting of the privy council generally held in February or March and holding office until the similar meeting in the next year. In 1648 it became the practice to rotate the office between inhabitants of Cambridgeshire proper, the Isle of Ely and Huntingdonshire. This was done in a three-year cycle, with an inhabitant of each area occupying the office in turn.

Note: the years shown are the date of commencement of the sheriff's year of office. For example, the high sheriff appointed in March 1892 "for the year 1892" held office until March 1893.
History of the National Rugby League
The history of the National Rugby League (NRL), the top league of professional rugby league football clubs in Australasia, goes back to December 1997, when it was formed in the aftermath of the Super League war of the mid-1990s. The NRL has, in its relatively brief history, enjoyed growth and record attendance figures.

Prior Australian first grade competitions include New South Wales Rugby League premiership, Australian Rugby League and Super League (Australia).

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Dzong architecture
Dzong architecture is used for dzongs, a distinctive type of fortified monastery (Dzongkha: རྫོང, Wylie: rdzong, [dzoŋ˩˨]) architecture found mainly in Bhutan and Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of courtyards, temples, administrative offices, and monks' accommodation.

Mo Chhu
The Mo Chhu is a major river in Bhutan. The word "Chhu" means "river" or "water" in Dzongkha, the official national language in Bhutan. The river rises in Gasa Dzongkhag (district) near the border between Bhutan and Tibet. From there, the Mo Chhu flows generally southward to Punakha in central Bhutan, where it joins the Pho Chhu from the northeast. The confluence of the two streams is immediately below the Punakha Dzong, which is the winter home of the Dratshang Lhentshog (Central Monk Body) and the Je Khenpo.
The combined streams are then joined by the Dang Chhu near the town of Wangdue Phodrang, and the name of the river becomes the Puna Tsang Chhu. The river then flows through Dagana and Tsirang Districts. After leaving Bhutan near the town of Lhamoidzingkha, formerly known as Kalikhola, the river enters Assam in India and is known as the Sankosh. The Sankosh ultimately empties into the Brahmaputra, flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
Steven Berghuis
Steven Berghuis (born 19 December 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a winger or  attacking midfielder for Eredivisie club Ajax and the Netherlands national team.

Berghuis made his debut for the Netherlands in 2016, and represented the national team at UEFA Euro 2020 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

2012–13 KNVB Cup
The 2012–13 KNVB Cup tournament was the 95th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament to determine the KNVB Cup winners. 92 teams contested  91 matches beginning on 21 August 2012 with the matches of Round 1 and ending with the final on 9 May 2013.

PSV Eindhoven were defending their 2012 title. The winners qualified for the play-off round in the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

PSV reached the final but lost to AZ Alkmaar.
Charles Donovan
Lieutenant Colonel Charles Donovan (19 September 1863 – 29 October 1951) was an Irish physician, parasitologist and entomologist who served as a medical officer in the Indian Medical Service. He is best remembered for his discoveries of Leishmania donovani as the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, and Klebsiella granulomatis as that of donovanosis. The son of a judge in India, he was born in Calcutta and completed his primary education in India, and continued secondary school in Cork, Ireland. He graduated in medicine from Queen's College, Cork and joined the Indian Medical Service. He participated in British expeditions to Mandalay in Burma, Royapuram and Mangalore in India, Afghanistan, and finally Madras (now Chennai), where he spent the rest of his service. He was professor at Madras Medical College from 1898 until his retirement in 1919.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
Liga IV Dâmbovița
Liga IV Dâmbovița is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Dâmbovița County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Dâmbovița – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Dâmbovița, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
American Communications Association v. Douds, 339 U.S. 382 (1950), is a 5-to-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Taft–Hartley Act's imposition of an anti-communist oath on labor union leaders does not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, is not an ex post facto law or bill of attainder in violation of Article One, Section 10 of the United States Constitution, and is not a "test oath" in violation of Article Six of the Constitution.

Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878), was a Supreme Court of the United States case which held that religious duty was not a defense to a criminal indictment. Reynolds was the first Supreme Court opinion to address the First Amendment's protection of religious liberties, impartial juries and the Confrontation Clauses of the Sixth Amendment.

George Reynolds was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), charged with bigamy under the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act after marrying Amelia Jane Schofield while still married to Mary Ann Tuddenham in Utah Territory. He was secretary to Brigham Young and presented himself as a test of the federal government's attempt to outlaw polygamy. An earlier conviction was overturned on technical grounds.
2001 World Music Awards
The 2001 World Music Awards (13th Annual World Music Awards) were held in the Sporting Club, Monaco on May 2, 2001. The World Music Awards recognised the best-selling artists around the world based on statistics supplied by the International Federation of Phonographic Industries (IFPI). The show was later broadcast by ABC on May 28, 2001. The show was hosted by actress Carmen Electra and R&B artist Sisqo. Proceeds from ticket sales to the show went to the Monaco-based children’s charity Monaco Aide & Présence whose patron, Prince Albert, was also patron of the World Music Awards. Performers included Ricky Martin, Christina Aguilera, Enya, Nelly, Rod Stewart, Anastacia, Aqua, Yannick, Peter Maffay, Alsou, Cheb Mami, Samira Said, Razan and Julio Iglesias Jr.

World Music Awards
The World Music Awards was an international award show founded in 1989 under the patronage of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and co-founder/executive producer John Martinotti. Most years, the event was held in Monte Carlo. Awards were presented to the world's best-selling artists in several categories and to the best-selling artists from each major territory. Past winners have included Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Shakira, Gloria Gaynor, Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, and Beyoncé.

The original trophy was a plaque depicting a mermaid, in a presentation case. Between 1990 and 1994, it was a golden treble clef with a globe in the middle. From 1995 on, it was a gold-plated Atlassian figure holding up the Earth above his head.

The event was last held in 2014, though its website remains live. The Global Recording Artist of the Year award, established in 2014 by IFPI, nowadays covers parts of what were the main categories of the World Music Awards.
Romance Belgium
In dialectology,  Romance Belgium (Belgique romane in French), also called Wallonia (Wallonie in French), is the part of Belgium where people traditionally speak one of the regional romance languages, all from the Langues d'oïl group. Romance Belgium includes almost all of Dialectal Wallonia where Walloon and French are spoken, a picardic zone corresponding to the major part of the Province of Hainaut, the Pays gaumais (district of Virton) with the Lorrain language and a Champenois zone (Sugny, Bohan, Bagimont, Pussemange, Membre et Cul-des-Sarts).

Langues d'oïl
The langues d'oïl  are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands. They belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland, southern France, portions of northern Italy, the Val d'Aran in Spain, and under certain acceptations those of Catalonia.

Linguists divide the Romance languages of France, and especially of Medieval France, into two main geographical subgroups: the langues d'oïl to the north, and the langues d'oc in the southern half of France. Both groups are named after the word for yes in their recent ancestral languages. The most common modern langue d'oïl is standard French, in which the ancestral oïl has become oui.