hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Long Island
Long Island has had a long recorded history from the first European settlements in the 17th century to today.  Greatly influenced by construction of railroads in the 19th century, it experienced growth in tourism as well as the development of towns and villages into some of the first modern suburbs in the United States.

Roosevelt Field (airport)
Roosevelt Field is a former airport, located in the East Garden City section of Uniondale, on Long Island, New York, United States.  Originally called the Hempstead Plains Aerodrome, or sometimes Hempstead Plains field or the Garden City Aerodrome, it was  a training field (Hazelhurst Field) for the Air Service, United States Army during World War I.

In 1919, it was renamed in honor of President Theodore Roosevelt's son, Quentin, who was killed in air combat during World War I.

Roosevelt Field was the takeoff point for many historic flights in the early history of aviation, including Charles Lindbergh's 1927 solo transatlantic flight. It was also used by other pioneering aviators, including Amelia Earhart and Wiley Post.
William J. Cason
William J. Cason (October 1, 1924 – January 4, 2017) was an American politician who served in the Missouri State Senate. He was born in Higginsville, Missouri and attended the University of Missouri in Columbia, studying law (LLB 1951). Cason was admitted to the Missouri bar in 1951. He served in the Missouri State Senate for the 31st district (Henry County) from 1960 to 1976. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He would become the President Pro Tempore of the Senate. In 1976, he ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor, but lost in an upset to Kansas City lawyer and eventual winner Joseph Teasdale.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
39th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)
The 39th Tactical Aviation Brigade is  brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force, tasked with operating Su-27, Aero L-39 Albatros, and French-donated Mirage 2000 aircraft. The brigade traces its origin to the 894th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Air Force but its direct lineage is from the 9th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Ukrainian Air Force. It is based at Ozerne Air Base.

Ejection seat
In aircraft, an ejection seat or ejector seat is a system designed to rescue the pilot or other crew of an aircraft (usually military) in an emergency. In most designs, the seat is propelled out of the aircraft by an explosive charge or rocket motor, carrying the pilot with it. The concept of an ejectable escape crew capsule has also been tried (see B-58 Hustler). Once clear of the aircraft, the ejection seat deploys a parachute. Ejection seats are common on certain types of military aircraft.
James Hickey House
The James Hickey House is a house in the Eastmoreland neighborhood of southeast Portland, Oregon. The Tudor Revival style house was finished in 1925 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It was built by the architectural firm Lawrence & Holford and was one of architect Ellis Lawrence's designs for a building contractor named James Hickey. The house was built with the intention of being a model home in the Eastmoreland neighborhood.

Eastmoreland, Portland, Oregon
Eastmoreland is a residential neighborhood consisting almost entirely of single family homes in inner southeast Portland, Oregon, United States. Eastmoreland was named for a local real estate developer, Judge J.C. Moreland. A portion of the neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 2022.
Jennifer Roberts (politician)
Jennifer Roberts (born April 18, 1960) is an American politician, businesswoman and former diplomat who served as the 58th mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. She was elected on November 3, 2015 having previously served four terms on the Mecklenburg County Board of Commissioners. In 2012, she was the Democratic nominee for the United States House of Representatives in North Carolina's 9th congressional district.

Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina
The office of the Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina is currently held by Democrat Vi Lyles, who took office in December 2017 after defeating Republican Kenny Smith in the November election.

The office was established in 1853, when William F. Davidson was elected to serve as intendant. In 1861, the title was changed from intendant to mayor. Below is a list of people who have served as the mayor of Charlotte.

Charlotte mayors serve two-year terms and elections take place in off-years. The longest-serving mayor is Pat McCrory, who served from 1995 to 2009.
Earthquake preparedness
Preparations for earthquakes can consist of survival measures, preparation that will improve survival in the event of an earthquake, or mitigating measures, that seek to minimise the effect of an earthquake. Common survival measures include storing food and water for an emergency and educating individuals what to do during an earthquake. Mitigating measures can include firmly securing large items of furniture (such as bookcases and large cabinets), TV and computer screens that may otherwise fall over in an earthquake. Likewise, avoiding storing items above beds or sofas reduces the chance of objects falling on individuals.

Planning for a related tsunami, tsunami preparedness, can also be part of earthquake preparedness.

Preparedness
Preparedness is a set of actions that are taken as precautionary measures in the face of potential disasters. Being prepared helps in achieving goals and in avoiding and mitigating negative outcomes.

There are different types of preparedness, such as public health preparedness and local emergency preparedness or snow preparedness, but probably the most developed type is "disaster preparedness", defined by the United Nations as involving "forecasting and taking precautionary measures before an imminent threat when warnings are possible". This includes not only natural disasters, but all kinds of severe damage caused in a relatively short period, including warfare.

Preparedness is a major phase of emergency management, and is particularly valued in areas of competition such as sport, military science and SRF cryomodule assembly.

Methods of preparation include research, estimation, planning, resourcing, education, practicing, and rehearsing.
Ysgol Gymraeg Gilfach Fargod
Ysgol Gymraeg Gilfach Fargod is a Welsh medium primary school located in the village of Gilfach, Bargoed in the County Borough of Caerphilly.

Established in 1963, Ysgol Gymraeg Gilfach Fargod was one of the first Welsh medium schools in the Rhymney Valley.  It is a feeder school for Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni.

The school's Welsh language motto – "Cenedl Heb Iaith, Cenedl Heb Galon" – translates into English as "a nation without a language is a nation without a heart".

The school has 28 full- and part-time staff, comprising teachers, classroom assistants, nursery nurses, administrative and facilities and catering staff.  The school currently has 194 pupils on its roll, with a capacity of 210 pupils.

The aging school buildings have resulted in calls for a new school to be built to replace the current premises.

Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni
Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni is a Welsh-medium school situated in the village of Fleur-de-Lys in the Rhymney Valley. Cwm Rhymni was founded in 1981 with just over 150 pupils and has since grown to 1,684 pupils, with 1,164 at the Gellihaf campus and 520 at Y Gwyndy (September 2018).

The school's motto is “Tua'r Goleuni” (Towards the Light) and its badge is a dragon rampant. The school is traditionally represented by the colours red and black.

A new campus for Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni opened in the Caerphilly area in 2013 for years 7–11; Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni – Safle'r Gwyndy. The previous school is now called Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni – Safle Gellihaf to avoid confusion. The original Cwm Rhymni school was based in Aberbargoed (years 7–8) and Bargoed (years 9–13).
Aitcho Islands (South Shetland Islands)
The Aitcho Islands (‘Aitcho’ standing for ‘H.O.’ i.e. ‘Hydrographic Office’) are a group of minor islands on the west side of the north entrance to English Strait separating Greenwich Island and Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which are situated between Dee Island to the south and Table Island to the north.  The group is separated from Dee Island and Sierra Island to the southwest by Villalón Passage (62°24′48.3″S 59°46′12.3″W﻿ / ﻿62.413417°S 59.770083°W﻿ / -62.413417; -59.770083).   The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour.  During the austral summer the islands are often visited by Antarctic cruise ships with tourists who land to watch wildlife.

The islands were mapped in 1935 during the oceanographic investigations carried out by the Discovery Committee, and named after the Hydrographic Office of the UK Admiralty.  Some of the island names were given by Chilean Antarctic expeditions between 1949 and 1951.

Sierra Island
Sierra Island (62°24′S 59°48′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.800°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.800) is a narrow island which is marked by a series of small elevations throughout its length, lying 0.5 miles (0.8 km) northwest of Dee Island and north of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surface area 14 hectares (35 acres).

Named by the 5th Chilean Antarctic Expedition, 1950–51, after Sgt. Victor Sierra, sick-bay attendant of the patrol ship Lientur on the expedition.
Mohd Badhri Mohd Radzi
Mohd Badhri bin Mohd Radzi, P.S. (born 2 June 1982) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysian team AZM Rovers F.C. Well known as Piya, Badhri is usually deployed as a central midfielder, but can also play as attacking midfielder. He also is the former captain of Kelantan. Badhri is Kelantan's most successful captain, having led them won several domestic trophies.

2009 Malaysia FA Cup
The 2009 Malaysia FA Cup, also known as the 2009 TM Piala FA due to the competition's sponsorship by TM, was the 20th season of the Malaysia FA Cup.

Selangor has won the title for the fifth time, defeating Kelantan in the final.
Neue Rechte
Neue Rechte (English: New Right) is the designation for a right-wing political movement in Germany. It was founded as an opposition to the New Left generation of the 1960s. Its intellectually oriented proponents distance themselves from Old Right Nazi traditions and emphasize similarities between the far-right and the conservative spectrum.

A common denominator of the Neue Rechte is a skeptical or negative stance towards the basic tenets of the German constitution, often in the sense of an ethnic (völkisch) nationalism.

Conservatism in Germany
Conservatism in Germany (German: Konservatismus) has encompassed a wide range of theories and ideologies in the last three hundred years, but most historical conservative theories supported the monarchical/hierarchical political structure.
Porophyllum ruderale
Porophyllum ruderale is an herbaceous annual plant whose leaves can be used for seasoning food. The taste has been described as "somewhere between arugula, cilantro and rue". The plant is commonly grown in Mexico and South America for use in salsas. When fully grown, the plant measures about 150 cm (5 ft) in height and 90 cm (3 ft) in diameter.

The plant is easy to grow from seed in a well-drained soil, which should be allowed to dry between watering.

Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens, commonly known as rue, common rue, ruda, arruda or herb-of-grace, is a species of the genus Ruta grown as an ornamental plant and herb. It is native to the Mediterranean. It is grown throughout the world in gardens, especially for its bluish leaves, and sometimes for its tolerance of hot and dry soil conditions. It is also cultivated as a culinary herb, and to a lesser extent as an insect repellent and incense.
Occultifur
Occultifur is a genus of fungi in the family Cystobasidiaceae. Species are parasites of other fungi and, microscopically, have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia and basidiospores that germinate by yeast cells. Several species are currently only known from their yeast states. The genus is distributed worldwide.

Cystobasidiaceae
The Cystobasidiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The family currently comprises two genera, both of which contain fungal parasites with auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia, some of which are known only from their yeast states.
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians
The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ or Anigiduwagi Aniyvwiya, abbreviated United Keetoowah Band or UKB) is a federally recognized tribe of Cherokee Native Americans headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. According to the UKB website, its members are mostly descendants of "Old Settlers" or "Western Cherokees," those Cherokees who migrated from the Southeast to present-day Arkansas and Oklahoma around 1817. Some reports estimate that Old Settlers began migrating west by 1800, before the forced relocation of Cherokees by the United States in the late 1830s under the Indian Removal Act.

Although politically the UKB is not associated with the Trail of Tears, many of the members have direct ancestors who completed the journey in 1838–39.

Curtis Act of 1898
The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek), Cherokee, and Seminole.  These tribes had been previously exempt from the 1887 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) because of the terms of their treaties. In total, the tribes immediately lost control of about 90 million acres of their communal lands; they lost more in subsequent years.

The act also transferred the authority to determine members of tribes to the Dawes Commission as part of the registration of members. Thus, individuals could be enrolled as members without tribal consent. By effectively abolishing the remainder of tribal courts, tribal governments, and tribal land claims in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma, the act enabled Oklahoma to be admitted as a state, which followed in 1907.
2011 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol
The 2011 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol season was the 28th edition of Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol in football in Macau and started on January 14 and ended June 26, 2011. Ka I successfully defended its 2010 title by winning the 2011 final.

2010 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol
The 2010 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol season was the 27th season of football in Macao and started on April 17, 2010, and ended on July 4, 2010, with Ka I becoming champions and Kuan Tai and Vá Luen being relegated. Teams played each other only once.
Hundred Days Men
The Hundred Days Men was the nickname applied to a series of regiments of United States Volunteers raised in 1864 for 100-day service in the Union Army during the height of the American Civil War. These short-term, lightly trained troops freed veteran units from routine duty to allow them to go to the front lines for combat purposes.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Frasera puberulenta
Frasera puberulenta (syn. Swertia puberulenta) is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Inyo frasera.

It is native to the High  Sierra Nevada of California, as well as the Inyo Mountains and White Mountains of eastern California, where its distribution extends just over the border into Nevada. It grows in dry mountain woodlands.

Inyo Mountains
The Inyo Mountains are a short mountain range east of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California in the United States. The range separates the Owens Valley to the west from Saline Valley to the east, extending for approximately 70 miles (110 km) south-southeast from the southern end of the White Mountains, from which they are separated by Westgard Pass, to the east of Owens Lake.

Geologically, the mountains are a fault block range in the Basin and Range Province, at the western end of the Great Basin. They are considered to be among the most important and best-known Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sections in the United States.
McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet
The McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet (official military designation CF-188) is a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) variant of the American McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet fighter aircraft. In 1980, the F/A-18 was selected as the winner of the New Fighter Aircraft Project competition to replace the CF-104 Starfighter, CF-101 Voodoo and the CF-116 Freedom Fighter. Deliveries of the CF-18 to the Canadian Armed Forces began in 1982. CF-18s have supported North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) air sovereignty patrols and participated in combat during the Gulf War in 1991, the Kosovo War in the late 1990s, and as part of the Canadian contribution to the international Libyan no-fly zone in 2011. CF-18s were also part of the Canadian contribution to the military intervention against ISIL, Operation Impact. A procurement process to replace the CF-18 with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II has been ongoing since 1997.

Paveway
Paveway is a series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs).

Pave or PAVE is sometimes used as an acronym for precision avionics vectoring equipment; literally, electronics for controlling the speed and direction of aircraft. Laser guidance is a form of Pave.

Pave, paired with other words, is the first name for various laser systems that designate targets for LGBs, for example Pave Penny, Pave Spike, Pave Tack and Pave Knife, and for specialized military aircraft, such as AC-130U Pave Spectre, MH-53 Pave Low, and HH-60 Pave Hawk.
VPB-63
VPB-63 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 63 (VP-63) on 19 September 1942, redesignated as Patrol Bombing Squadron 63 (VPB-63) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 2 July 1945.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Lorca FC B
Lorca Fútbol Club "B" was a Spanish football team based in La Hoya, a hamlet of Lorca, in the autonomous community of Murcia. Founded in 2012, it was the reserve team of Lorca FC, holding home games at Campo de Fútbol Los Tollos.

Lorca, Spain
Lorca (Spanish: [ˈloɾka] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia in south-eastern Spain, 58 kilometres (36 mi) southwest of the city of Murcia. The municipality had a population of 95,515 in 2020, up from the 2001 census total of 77,477. Lorca has the second largest surface area of municipalities in Spain, 1,675.21 km2 (646.80 sq mi), after Cáceres. The city is home to Lorca Castle and to a Collegiate church dedicated to St. Patrick.

In the Middle Ages Lorca was a frontier city between Christian and Muslim Spain. Earlier, during the Roman period, it was the ancient Ilura or Heliocroca.

The city was seriously damaged by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake on 11 May 2011, killing at least nine people. Due to a shallow hypocenter, the earthquake was much more destructive than usual for earthquakes with similar magnitude.
Vehicle registration plates of Native American tribes in the United States
Several Native American tribes in the United States register motor vehicles and issue license plates to those vehicles.

The legal status of these plates varies by tribe, with some being recognized by the federal government and others not. Some nations issue plates for both tribal and personal vehicles, while others issue plates only for official tribal vehicles.

Some nations' plates indicate the U.S. state with which they are most closely associated, while others do not. This variation may even exist among the nations associated with one particular state. In the state of Oklahoma, the Native American plates are a common sight, always showing the name OKLAHOMA in some part of the plate.

Federally recognized tribes may also lease vehicles through the U.S. General Services Administration under certain circumstances. Such vehicles carry U.S. government license plates.

Tribe (Native American)
In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe, or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States. Modern forms of these entities are often associated with land or territory of an Indian reservation. "Federally recognized Indian tribe" is a legal term in United States law with a specific meaning.

A Native American tribe recognized by the United States government possesses tribal sovereignty, a "domestic dependent, sovereign nation" status with the U.S. federal government that is similar to that of a state in some situations, and that of a nation in others, holding a government-to-government relationship with the federal government of the United States.
Regular distribution (economics)
Regularity, sometimes called Myerson's regularity, is a property of probability distributions used in auction theory and revenue management. Examples of distributions that satisfy this condition include Gaussian, uniform, and exponential; some power law distributions also satisfy regularity.
Distributions that satisfy the regularity condition are often referred to as "regular distributions".

Auction theory
Auction theory is a branch of applied economics that deals with how bidders act in auctions and researches how the features of auctions incentivise predictable outcomes. Auction theory is a tool used to inform the design of real-world auctions. Sellers use auction theory to raise higher revenues while allowing buyers to procure at a lower cost. The confluence of the price between the buyer and seller is an economic equilibrium. Auction theorists design rules for auctions to address issues that can lead to market failure. The design of these rulesets encourages optimal bidding strategies in a variety of informational settings. The 2020 Nobel Prize for Economics was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."