hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Niger State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Niger State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Niger State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

Niger East senatorial district
Niger East senatorial district, known as Zone B within Niger State in Nigeria covers 9 local governments which include:

Bosso local government area

Chanchaga local government area

Munya local government area

Paiko local government area

Rafi local government area

Shiroro local government area

Suleja local government area

Tafa local government area

Gurara local government area.

Niger East Senate district has 90 electoral wards. Mohammed Sani Musa of the All Progressive Congress, APC is the current representative of Niger East Senate District.
Powderhall Stadium
Powderhall Stadium, formerly the Powderhall Grounds, was a multi-sports facility overlooking the Water of Leith on Beaverhall Road, in the Powderhall (Broughton) area of northern Edinburgh, Scotland. It opened in January 1870 at the height of professional pedestrianism and was modelled on the stadium at Stamford Bridge in London. It hosted professional sprint races, track and field athletics, including the Scottish Amateur Athletics Championships on a number of occasions, professional football, international rugby, cycling, and dog races as well as boxing, quoits and pigeon shooting. For 100 years it hosted the Powderhall Sprint, the most famous professional sprint handicap in the world. With the decline of pedestrianism as a spectator sport in the 1920s it was converted to a greyhound stadium, hosting the Scottish Grand National for over sixty five years, and it also hosted professional speedway. The stadium finally closed in 1995 and the site is now a housing estate.

Greyhound Racing Association
The Greyhound Racing Association  was a UK-based private company founded in 1925 and existed until 2019. It was involved in the management of sports venues, notably greyhound racing stadia. The GRA was responsible for introducing Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and was the largest racing operator for 70 years but diminished when trading as GRA Acquisition from 2005 to 2019. Despite its name, it was not involved in the administration of greyhound racing itself.
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).

Guanine
Guanine (/ˈɡwɑːniːn/ ⓘ) (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleotide bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine.

With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. This unsaturated arrangement means the bicyclic molecule is planar.
Nemosenecio
Nemosenecio is a genus of East Asian flowering plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.

Species

Nemosenecio concinnus (Franch.) C.Jeffrey & Y.L.Chen - Sichuan, Chongqing

Nemosenecio formosanus (Kitam.) B.Nord. - Taiwan

Nemosenecio incisifolius (Jeffrey) B.Nord. - Yunnan

Nemosenecio nikoensis (Miq.) B.Nord. - Japan

Nemosenecio solenoides (Dunn) B.Nord. - Yunnan

Nemosenecio yunnanensis B.Nord. - Guizhou, Yunnan

Nemosenecio nikoensis
Nemosenecio nikoensis is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). It is endemic to Japan, where it is widespread and found on all four main islands. Its natural habitat is in wet forests in the mountains, where it grows along streamsides.

Nemosenecio nikoensis is an stoloniferous perennial, growing to around 1 meter tall. It leaves are deeply divided. It produces numerous heads of yellow flowers, which are around 12 mm across. It blooms from May to August.

Detail of flowering heads
History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)
The time period in China from the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 until Mao's death in 1976 is commonly known as Maoist China and Red China. The history of the People's Republic of China is often divided distinctly by historians into the Mao era and the post-Mao era. The country's Mao era lasted from the founding of the People's republic on October 1, 1949 to Deng Xiaoping's consolidation of power and policy reversal at the Third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on December 22, 1978. The Mao era focuses on Mao Zedong's social movements from the early 1950s on, including land reform, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. The Great Chinese Famine, one of the worst famines in human history, occurred during this era.

Collective farming
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise. There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective; and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization.
Gmina Gozdowo
Gmina Gozdowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Gozdowo, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Sierpc and 106 km (66 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 126.7 square kilometres (48.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,041.

Sierpc County
Sierpc County (Polish: powiat sierpecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Sierpc, which lies 117 kilometres (73 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 852.89 square kilometres (329.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 52,077, out of which the population of Sierpc is 17,994, and the rural population is 34,083.
Bouanri
Bouanri is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of  Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bembèrèkè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 19,281.

Bembèrèkè
Bembèrèkè [bɛ̃.bɛ.ʁɛ.kɛ] is a town, arrondissement, and commune located in the Borgou Department of Benin. The commune covers an area of 3348 square kilometres and as of 2012 had a population of 31,101 people. 
Notable sites include the Prytanée Military Training Center and the Bembéréké-Sinendé Hospital (supported by the UEEB Evangelical Church).  The region is a center for the cultivation of carper vellum beans.
Peter McPharland
Peter McPharland was a Grey Cup champion Canadian Football League player. He was a running back.

McPharland played his junior football with the powerhouse St. Michael's College team. He joined his hometown Toronto Argonauts in 1948, playing a game when Joe Krol and Royal Copeland were injured. In 1949 he was an integral part of the Montreal Alouettes first Grey Cup championship, playing 3 regular season games but getting "plenty of work" in the playoffs.

Royal Copeland (Canadian football)
Royal Copeland (October 12, 1924 – August 8, 2011) was a Canadian football running back who played at the elite level from 1943 to 1956.

Copeland won four Grey Cups with the Toronto Argonauts. Along with Joe Krol they were known as the Gold Dust Twins. Copeland is the only player to score a touchdown in three consecutive Grey Cup games: 1945, 1946, and 1947. He became a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1988.

During the Second World War when the Argonaut football operations were suspended, Royal Copeland played in the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) in 1943 with Toronto Navy HMCS York.
Island Lake Lodge
49°30′33″N 115°10′34.8″W﻿ / ﻿49.50917°N 115.176333°W﻿ / 49.50917; -115.176333

Island Lake Lodge is a back country tourist resort near Fernie, British Columbia, Canada, just outside the Mount Fernie Provincial Park. The resort covers 7,000 acres (28 km2) of mountainous terrain.

During the winter cat-skiing operation, the land is used primarily by guests of the lodge, who access the lodge by snowcat. Members of the public use the cross-country trail system in the Cedar Valley, and some back-country touring groups access the high alpine terrain by traversing over from Fernie Alpine Resort. In summer, the access road is open to the lodge.

Mount Fernie Provincial Park
Mount Fernie Provincial Park is a provincial park located just west of the town of Fernie in British Columbia, Canada. It was established on May 4, 1959 to protect the ecology of the lower Lizard River while providing recreational opportunities for local residents and visitors alike. The park is named after Mount Fernie, a prominent peak located north of the park.
Oonoceras
Oonoceras is an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods included in the nautiloid order Oncocerida and the family Oncoceratidae from the Middle Ordovician to Middle Silurian of North America and Europe, arbitrarily included in the slender Oncoceratidae.

Shells of this genus are generally slender, gradually expanding, exograstric cyrtocones with an ovoid cross section more narrowly rounded ventrally than dorsally as in (e.g.) Bassleroceras. Curvature is generally greater than that in Oocerina but less than that of Richardonoceras or Dunleithoceras.

The siphuncle of Oonoceras is cyrtochoanitic. Septal necks flare outwardly and unlike Oocerina, are empty.  Segments are either slightly or broadly expanded into the chambers.

Bassleroceras
Bassleroceras is an elongate upwardly curved, exogastric, genus of mollusks with the venter on the under side more sharply rounded than the dorsum on the upper.  The siphuncle is ventral, composed of thick-walled tubular segments in which connection rings thicken in towardly as in both the Ellesmerocerida and primitive Tarphycerida.

Bassleroceras is the type genus of the Bassleroceratidae which Furnish and Glenister (1964) included in the Ellesmerocerida, but which Flower (1967) placed in the Tarphycerida.  Bassleroceras gave rise to the Tarphycerida (sensu Furnish and Glenister, 1964) by evolving genera with tighter and tighter curvatures until becoming gyroconic, a character of the Estonioceratidae, a family of early tarphycerids.

Bassleroceras is found widespread in North America, e.g. New Mexico and New York, and in W. Australia.
William Arnott (politician)
William Arnott (September 5, 1832 – May 26, 1907) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Jerusalem, New York, Arnott and his wife moved to Wisconsin and settled in Portage County, Wisconsin in 1864. He was a farmer. Arnott served on the town of Stockton, Wisconsin board and the Portage County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. In 1876, Arnott served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican. Arnott died in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. The unincorporated community of Arnott, Wisconsin was named after him.

Portage County, Wisconsin
Portage County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 70,377. Its county seat is Stevens Point.

Portage County comprises the Stevens Point, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau-Stevens Point-Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Lychas marmoreus
Lychas marmoreus, also known as the marbled scorpion, little marbled scorpion or bark scorpion, is a species of small scorpion in the Buthidae family. It is native to Australia, and was first described in 1845 by German arachnologist Carl Ludwig Koch.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Charles Armstrong (politician)
Charles L. Armstrong is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the Arkansas House of Representatives, having represented District 30 in the capital city of Little Rock from 2013 to 2017.

Arkansas Senate
The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-eight Republicans, six Democrats and one vacancy.
Loring Building
The Loring Building is a Modern Renaissance historic structure made of brick and steel. It located at 764 5th Avenue in San Diego's Gaslamp Quarter, in the U.S. state of California. It was built in 1873.

Plaque for the building, 2016

Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego
The Gaslamp Quarter is a historic neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California. It extends from Broadway to Harbor Drive and from 4th to 6th Avenue. The neighborhood is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places as the Gaslamp Quarter Historic District. It includes over 90 historic buildings, most of which were constructed in the Victorian era; many are in use as restaurants, shops, entertainment venues, and nightclubs.

The Gaslamp Quarter is known for its nightlife. It is the site of various events and festivals, including Mardi Gras in the Gaslamp, Taste of Gaslamp, and ShamROCK, a St. Patrick's Day event. Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, is one block away in the East Village neighborhood.
VRBD agar
VRDBA, VRDB Agar, or Violet Red Bile Dextrose Agar, is a microbiological growth medium. It can be used in agar plates to monitor or assess bacterial growth in the laboratory, particularly the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, for which it is selective.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
1999 Moldovan constitutional referendum
A consultative constitutional referendum was held in Moldova on 23 May 1999. It was initiated by President Petru Lucinschi and asked voters whether they approved of changing the system of government to a presidential system. The proposal was approved by 64% of voters. However, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova and the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms opposed Lucinschi, and were able to vote several constitutional changes through parliament on 5 July 2000. The changes reduced the powers of the president and strengthened the parliament and government.

Alliance for Democracy and Reforms
The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms (often abbreviated to ADR) was a governing coalition in Moldova between numerous non-Communist parties which had absolute majority in the Moldovan Parliament after the 1998 parliamentary election.
Glutinoglossum methvenii
Glutinoglossum methvenii is a species of earth tongue fungus that was described as new to science in 2015. It is found in Australia and New Zealand, where it grows on moss and decaying logs in mixed deciduous forests. The specific epithet honours mycologist Andrew Methven.

Geoglossaceae
Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, class Geoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small, dark in color, and club-shaped with a height of 2–8 cm. The ascospores are typically light-brown to dark-brown and are often multiseptate. Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps. The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification.
Sabon Gari, Nigeria
Sabon Gari is a local government area in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is one of the LGAs that make up the city of Zaria as well as being one of the districts of the Zazzau Emirate Council. The towns and villages are Dogarawa, Bomo, Basawa, Zabi, Samaru, Kwari, Barashi, Muchiya and Palladan. The Local Government Council is chaired by Alhaji Mohammed Usman.

Zaria
Zaria Listenⓘ (formerly Zazzau) is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education (FCE Zaria), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma.

From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
Loburn
Loburn is a rural community in North Canterbury, New Zealand. It is located ten kilometres northwest of Rangiora and nearly 50 kilometres north of Christchurch.

Loburn is a small community, with no shops. Local industries include a cheese factory and orchards.  Farms in the community include those raising sheep, cattle and emu.

Rangiora
Rangiora is the largest town and seat of the Waimakariri District, in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of Christchurch, and is part of the Christchurch metropolitan area. With an estimated population of 19,300 (as of June 2025), Rangiora is the 30th largest urban area in New Zealand, and the fifth-largest in the Canterbury region (behind Christchurch, Timaru, Ashburton and Rolleston).
Orthodox Study Bible
The Orthodox Study Bible (OSB) is an Eastern Orthodox study Bible published by Thomas Nelson in 2008. It uses an English translation of the Septuagint by St. Athanasius Academy for the Old Testament and the New King James Version (NKJV) for the New Testament.

New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English, working as a revision of the King James Version. Published by Thomas Nelson, the complete NKJV was released in 1982. With regard to its textual basis, the NKJV relies on a modern critical edition (the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia) for the Old Testament, while opting to use the Textus Receptus for the New Testament.

The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original [King James Version], yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability."
Alcohol tax
Excise taxes on alcoholic beverages are per unit taxes levied by governments to raise revenue or used as corrective taxes to control health-related externalities associated with consumption of alcohol. Almost all countries tax alcohol. This page addresses the economics and politics of alcohol excise  taxation.

Tobacco taxation
Tobacco taxation is the excise tax on cigarettes and other tobacco products.

Tobacco taxation is the most effective tobacco control measure. It is used by many governments generate revenue and to reduce tobacco consumption. On average, a 10 % price increase reduces cigarette consumption by 4 % to 5 %.

Its revenue can contribute to the general government budget and/or be used to cover health costs of tobacco smoking. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum 75 % tax share of the retail price of tobacco, as a way of deterring cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other negative health outcomes.
Experimental Health
Experimental Health is the fourteenth studio album by English noise rock band The Telescopes. It was released on February 24, 2023, by Weisskalt Records who also reissued their previous albums Third Wave and #4.

It is a continuation of the band pushing its own boundaries with its music overlapping a multitude of genres and following its own inspiration-led course.

4 (The Telescopes album)
#4 is the fourth studio album by English noise rock band The Telescopes composed and recorded between 2002 and 2004. It was initially released on CD by their own label Antenna Records in 2005, later reissued by Weisskalt Records on vinyl in 2022 on a limited edition of 300. To commemorate its 20th anniversary on the basis of when recording began, the album was manufactured by longstanding Australian pressing plant Zenith on translucent red vinyl at 45rpm to draw out the subtleties and expansiveness of the sound.
2006 Air New Zealand Screen Awards
The 2006 Air New Zealand Screen Awards were held on Thursday 24 August 2006 at SkyCity Theatre in Auckland, New Zealand. Previously known as the New Zealand Screen Awards, the awards were renamed when airline Air New Zealand became the naming-rights sponsor, signing for five years of sponsorship.

The film awards had only four titles in the feature films category: The World's Fastest Indian, No.2, River Queen and Sione's Wedding, with The World's Fastest Indian winning seven of its 10 categories. Hollywood actors Anthony Hopkins and Ruby Dee won the Best Actor and Best Actress awards.

2005 New Zealand Screen Awards
The inaugural New Zealand Screen Awards were held on Wednesday 27 July 2005 at SkyCity Theatre in Auckland, New Zealand. Following the demise of the GOFTA awards, the Screen Directors Guild of New Zealand founded the New Zealand Screen Awards to honour excellence in New Zealand film and television. Due to there having been no film awards in 2004, the eligibility period was from 1 October 2003 to July 2005. In the weeks ahead of the awards presentation, sponsor SkyCity screened a series of nominated short films. The film In My Father's Den was nominated in all 12 of the feature film award categories and won 10 awards.