hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proculeia gens
The gens Proculeia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned at the end of the Republic.  Gaius Proculeius was one of the most trusted friends and advisers of Octavian, and one of those whom he considered a possible heir.  None of the Proculeii ever obtained the consulship, but a number are known from inscriptions.

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Ferdinando Sordelli
Ferdinando Sordelli (December 12, 1837 – January 17, 1916) was an Italian artist, illustrator, and naturalist.

He began working with Giorgio Jan (1791–1866) in 1857 at the Civic Museum of Natural History of Milan, first as a temporary assistant and, from 1865, as a permanent one. Jan, his aging professor, encouraged him to undertake the Iconographie Générale des Ophidiens, a work comprising 50 parts, each with six plates, all executed by Sordelli.

After Jan’s death in 1866, Sordelli ensured the completion of the publication. The collection, consisting of about 8,500 drawings, is one of the most extensive ever produced on a group of animals.

In addition to his contributions to Jan’s work, Sordelli carried out his own research in zoology and paleontology, particularly on fossil flora.

Giorgio Jan
Giorgio Jan (21 December 1791 in Vienna – 8 May 1866, Milan) was an Italian taxonomist, zoologist, botanist, herpetologist, and writer. He is also known as Georg Jan or Georges Jan. He was the first director of the natural history museum at Milan.
25th Chess Olympiad
The 25th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 25. Schacholympiade), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between October 29 and November 16, 1982, in Lucerne, Switzerland.

The Soviet team with three world champions (reigning champion Karpov, future champion Kasparov and former champion Tal) were back in their usual form and this time left no doubt about the outcome. In the end, they only drew one match (against the Netherlands; and won the rest) and finished no less than 6½ points ahead of runners-up Czechoslovakia. The United States took the bronze medals.

Off the board, FIDE elected a new president at its congress held concurrently with the Olympiad. Friðrik Ólafsson of Iceland was succeeded by Florencio Campomanes of the Philippines.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio as part of the MPEG-4 standards. It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC) optimized for low-bitrate applications such as streaming audio.

The usage profile HE-AAC v1 uses spectral band replication (SBR) to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression efficiency in the frequency domain. The usage profile HE-AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo (PS) to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals.

HE-AAC is defined as an MPEG-4 Audio profile in ISO/IEC 14496–3. HE-AAC is used in digital radio standards like HD Radio, DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale.

Fraunhofer FDK AAC
Fraunhofer FDK AAC is an open-source library for encoding and decoding digital audio in the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format. Fraunhofer IIS developed this library for Android 4.1. It supports several Audio Object Types including MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AAC LC, HE-AAC (AAC LC + SBR), HE-AACv2 (LC + SBR + PS) as well AAC-LD (low delay) and AAC-ELD (enhanced low delay) for real-time communication. The encoding library supports sample rates up to 96 kHz and up to eight channels (7.1 surround).
Euphyllia glabrescens
Euphyllia glabrescens is a species of large-polyped stony coral belonging to the family Euphylliidae. Its common name is the torch coral due to its long sweeper tentacles tipped with potent cnidocytes. It is a commonly kept species in the marine aquarium hobby, particularly specimens from Indonesia and Fiji, who fulfilled annual export quotas of 28,000 and 6,000 pieces, respectively, in 2005.

Euphylliidae
Euphylliidae (Greek eu-, true; Greek phyllon, leaf) are known as a family of polyped stony corals under the order Scleractinia.

This family consists of multiple genera (more than one genus) and various species which are found among the ocean floor. These coral may be sparse or conspicuous in the wild. However, they are commonly kept in home-aquariums to be enjoyed for their beauty and protection by many fish and their owners.
Eupatorium anomalum
Eupatorium anomalum, commonly called anomalous eupatorium or Florida thoroughwort, is a North American species in the family Asteraceae. It grows in the southeastern United States from Alabama to Virginia. Molecular investigations suggest that it originated as a hybrid between  E. serotinum and E. mohrii but it is well-established on its own as a distinct species.

Eupatorium anomalum is a tall perennial sometimes over 150 cm (5 feet) tall, producing tuberous rhizomes. It has opposite, egg -shaped leaves, and flat-topped arrays of a large number of tiny flower heads. Each head has 5 white disc florets but no ray florets.

Eupatorium mohrii
Eupatorium mohrii, commonly called Mohr's thoroughwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern and south-central states of the United States, in the coastal plain from Virginia to Texas.  It has also been found in the Dominican Republic.

Eupatorium mohrii is a perennial herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall and are producing tuberous rhizomes.  As with other species of Eupatorium, the inflorescences contain a large number of tiny white flower heads, each with 5 disc florets but no ray florets.  It forms hybrids with Eupatorium serotinum and Eupatorium rotundifolium.
Reservation in India
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British Raj. Based on provisions in the Indian constitution, it allows the union government and the states and union territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens". Since its implementation, reservation has been a subject of massive debates and controversies over its impact, execution and effectiveness, significantly shaping the agendas of political parties and the actions of social groups.

Indra Sawhney and Others v. Union of India
Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India also known as the Mandal verdict was an Indian landmark public interest litigation case delivered by a 9-judge constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India.
National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
The national qualification frameworks in the United Kingdom are qualifications frameworks that define and link the levels and credit values of different qualifications.

The current frameworks are:

The Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England and the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in Northern Ireland;

The Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) in Wales, regulated by Qualifications Wales;

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF)  in Scotland;

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.

Credit frameworks use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, where 1 credit = 10 hours of nominal learning.

Ofqual
The Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) is a non-ministerial government department that regulates qualifications, exams and tests in England. Colloquially and publicly, Ofqual is often referred to as the exam "watchdog".
Josip Stanišić
Josip Stanišić (Croatian pronunciation: [jǒsip stǎniʃitɕ]; born 2 April 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich. Born in Germany, he plays for the Croatia national team. Stanišić has featured most often as a right-back but also as a centre-back, left-back and wing-back at senior level.

2021–22 Bundesliga
The 2021–22 Bundesliga was the 59th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 13 August 2021 and concluded on 14 May 2022. The fixtures were announced on 25 June 2021.

Bayern Munich were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, winning their record-extending 10th consecutive title and 32nd title overall (31st in the Bundesliga era) on 23 April with three matches to spare. Bayern also became the first ever club in Europe's top five leagues to achieve a tenth consecutive league title, the previous record being Juventus' nine consecutive titles from 2012 to 2020.

Arminia Bielefeld and Greuther Furth were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga.
Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets
Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets (1779–81), alternatively known by the shorter title Lives of the Poets, is a work by Samuel Johnson comprising short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. These were arranged, approximately, by date of death.

From the close of the 18th century, expanded editions and updates of Johnson's work began to appear.

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Nygränd
Nygränd (Swedish: New Alley) is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden, connecting Skeppsbron to Österlånggatan.

Old names

Niia grenden (1553), Nygrenden (1570)

Until the early 1520s, a fish market (Fisketorget, "The Fisherman's Square") was located between the site of the present alley and the alley south of it, Brunnsgränd, the square at the time forming a natural continuation to Köpmangatan ("The Merchant's Street"), the street leading east from the central square Stortorget.

One of the old town's most elaborate portals is found on 2, Nygränd.

Parallel streets

Kråkgränd, Brunnsgränd

Crossing streets

Skeppsbron, Österlånggatan

Köpmangatan
Köpmangatan (Swedish: "The Merchant Street") is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  A parallel street to Trädgårdsgatan, it stretches from the central square Stortorget to Köpmantorget, intercepted by Trädgårdstvärgränd, Skeppar Olofs Gränd, Peder Fredags Gränd, Själagårdsgatan, Staffan Sasses Gränd, Baggensgatan, and Bollhusgränd.
Education in Poland during World War II
During World War II in Poland, education often took place underground. Secretly conducted education prepared scholars and workers for the postwar reconstruction of Poland and countered German and Soviet threats to eradicate Polish culture.

Adam Stefan Sapieha
Prince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Sapieha (Polish pronunciation: [ˈadam ˈstɛfan saˈpjɛxa]; 14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a Polish Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Kraków from 1911 to 1951. A member of the Polish nobility, between 1922 and 1923 he was a senator of the Second Polish Republic. In 1946, Pope Pius XII made him a cardinal.
Independent Grassroots Party
The Independent Grassroots Party was a moderate, democratic socialist political third party in the U.S. state of Minnesota created in 1996 to oppose drug prohibition. The party shared many of the progressive values of the Farmer-Labor Party but with an emphasis on cannabis/hemp legalization issues.

Some political scholars have speculated that Minnesota's marijuana political parties are responsible for the state DFL Party embracing cannabis legalization two decades later.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Bennetts Hill
Bennetts Hill is a street in the core area of Birmingham City Centre, United Kingdom. It runs from New Street, uphill to Colmore Row, crossing Waterloo Street in the process. It is within the Colmore Row conservation area.

Colmore Row
Colmore Row is a street in Birmingham City Centre in the centre of Birmingham, England, running from Victoria Square to just beyond Snow Hill station. It is traditionally the city's most prestigious business address.

Colmore Row and its environs were designated a conservation area in 1971, which was extended twice in 1985. Colmore Row itself has 23 listed buildings, two listed at Grade I and two at Grade II*.
Vydra (surname)
Vydra (Czech feminine: Vydrová) is a Czech surname meaning "otter". Notable people with the surname include:

Loukas Vyntra (born 1981), born Lukáš Vydra, Czech-born Greek footballer

Lukáš Vydra (born 1973), Czech middle-distance runner

Marek Vydra (born 1975), Czech curler

Matěj Vydra (born 1992), Czech footballer

Otakar Vydra (1901–1982), Czech athlete

Patrik Vydra (born 2003), Czech footballer

Stanislav Vydra (1741–1804), Czech mathematician

Václav Vydra (actor born 1956), Czech actor

Václav Vydra (actor, born 1876) (1876–1953), Czech actor

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Brewcaria
Brewcaria is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae. The genus is named for Charles Brewer-Carías, Venezuelan explorer and naturalist. Some authorities treat Brewcaria as a synonym of Navia. It contains 6 known species, all native to Colombia and Venezuela.

Navia (plant)
Navia is a genus of plants in the family Bromeliaceae, containing 95 species. Described as early as 1830 in Guyana, they are commonly cultivated for their colorful foliage and inflorescences. All the species are native to northern South America (Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, northern Brazil).
Charles Demeillez
Abel Charles Demeillez (10 October 1902 – 7 March 1986) was a French footballer who played as a defender for Quevilly in the late 1920s, but he is best known for his work as a manager, guiding Roubaix-Tourcoing to a Ligue 1 triumph in 1947.

1927 Coupe de France final
The 1927 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Stade Olympique, Colombes on May 6, 1927, that saw Olympique de Marseille defeat US Quevilly 3–0 thanks to goals by Raymond Durand, Maurice Gallay and Jules Dewaquez.
2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 2nd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent most of the war as a component of the famous Iron Brigade of the Army of the Potomac, and participated in most of the critical battles of the eastern theater of the war, including Antietam, Gettysburg, and Grant's Overland Campaign.  It suffered the largest number of casualties as a percentage of its total enlistment of any Union Army unit in the war.: 65   The casualties reduced the regiment to an "Independent Battalion" of two companies by July 1864, and the remaining battalion was consolidated into the 6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment in November 1864.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Kotsiatis
Kotsiatis (Greek: Κοτσιάτης [locally [koˈt͡ʃʰatis]]; Turkish: Koççat) is a village located in the Nicosia District of Cyprus.

The village was originally inhabited by Turkish Cypriots, but today the majority of Kotsiatis's population consists of Maronites, who were displaced from Agia Marina in 1976.

Agia Marina (Skylloura)
Agia Marina (Greek: Αγία Μαρίνα (Σκυλλούρας); Turkish: Gürpınar) is a village in Cyprus, situated 24 km west of Nicosia. It takes its name from Marina the Monk, the Christian saint of Byzantine Syria. De facto, Agia Marina is under the control of Northern Cyprus.
Firth, Orkney
Firth (Old Norse: Fjörðr meaning a firth or fjord) is a civil parish mainly on Mainland, Orkney. The islands of Damsay and Holm of Grimbister, which lie in the Bay of Firth, are also in the parish. It is in the west of the mainland island, lying south of the parish of Rendall, east of Harray and Stenness, north of Orphir and west of St Ola.

It is not to be confused with the numerous Firths that surround Orkney.

The main village is Finstown.

Buckle's Tower stands on the Hill of Heddle, just outside Finstown.

Orphir
Orphir (pronounced /ɔːrfɪr/, Old Norse: Jorfjara or Orfjara) is a parish and settlement on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland.

It is approximately 9 miles (14 kilometres) southwest of Kirkwall, and comprises a seaboard tract of about 7 by 3+1⁄2 mi (11.5 by 5.5 km), and includes Cava and the Holm of Houton. The coast includes Houton Head, about 300 feet (90 metres) tall, but all elsewhere is nearly level; and the interior is an assemblage of vales and hills, the latter culminating at about 700 ft (210 m) above sea level.

A chief residence was the Hall of Clestrain; and chief antiquities include the ruins of Earl Paul's Palace, remains of pre-Reformation chapels, the Round Kirk and several tumuli.

The ferry terminal of Houton is located in Orphir. The ferries to Flotta and Hoy (Lyness) depart from this point. Ramsdale Shooting Range is also located in Orphir.
Calanus
Calanus is a genus of marine copepod in the family Calanidae (Order Calanoida).  The genus was split in 1974, with some species being placed in a new genus, Neocalanus. The following species are recognised:

Calanoida
Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater copepods between them.
Thailand at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Thailand competed at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This was Thailand's second appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed debuted at the previous edition in 2020.

The National Olympic Committee of Thailand fielded a team of 20 athletes, 8 men and 12 women, to compete in 8 sports.  It was the nation's largest ever delegation sent to the Games. Thailand marked its debut in biathlon, bobsleigh, freestyle skiing, luge,  skeleton, and snowboarding.

Biathlete Thanakorn Ngoeichai and bobsledder Agnese Campeol were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

On January 22, bobsledder Agnese Campeol earned the silver medal in the women's monobob, becoming the first Thai athlete and Southeast Asian athlete to win a Winter Youth Olympic medal. This was the third Winter Youth Olympic medal by a tropical nation, after Colombia's silver medal in 2020 and Brazil's bronze medal in 2024.

Brazil at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Brazil competed at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from 19 January to 1 February 2024. This was Brazil's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.

Bobsledder André Luiz da Silva and alpine skier Alice Padilha were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Zion Bethônico became the first athlete from Brazil to win a Winter Youth Olympics (or Winter Olympics) medal. On 20 January, Bethônico won the bronze medal in the men's snowboard cross event.
Hotel Nutibara
El Hotel Nutibara, is a hotel located in the city of Medellín, in the city center, next to the Parque Berrío station of the Medellín Metro and tourist sites such as the Museo de Antioquia, the Palace of Culture, the Berrío parks and Bolívar, the metropolitan cathedral and the Candelaria basilica.

Its name derives from a chief who inhabited the region, and name six of the lounges are related to Amerindian culture: Bochica, Tairona, Quimbaya, Katío, Bachué, and Nutabe.

The hotel's restaurant is La Orquídea.

It had been a staying place for Los Pelukas, pioneer rock band recorded in Colombia.

Metropolitan Cathedral of Medellín
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Medellín, officially the Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary under the title of the Immaculate Conception. It is located in the central zone of the Medellín (Colombia) in the Villanueva neighborhood on the north side of Bolívar Park. Additionally, the temple was formerly called and it is still known but to a lesser extent, as Villaneuva Cathedral, especially during its construction to distinguish it from the Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria, which was the seat for the Episcopal see at the time.
Panj Shir
Panj Shir (Persian: پنج شير, also Romanized as Panj Shīr) is a village in Jaydasht Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 40 families.

Jaydasht Rural District
Jaydasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان جايدشت) is in Jaydasht District of Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rudbal. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Jaydasht.