hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Huronian glaciation
The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) was a period when at least three ice ages occurred during the deposition of the Huronian Supergroup. Deposition of this largely sedimentary succession extended from approximately 2.5 to 2.2 billion years ago (Gya), during the Siderian and Rhyacian periods of the Paleoproterozoic era. Evidence for glaciation is mainly based on the recognition of diamictite that is interpreted to be of glacial origin. Deposition of the Huronian succession is interpreted to have occurred within a rift basin that evolved into a largely marine passive margin setting. The glacial diamictite deposits within the Huronian are on par in thickness with Quaternary analogs.

Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science that studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets. This multidisciplinary approach of research draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology, climatology and other disciplines to understand both natural and human-induced changes in atmospheric composition. Key areas of research include the behavior of trace gasses, the formation of pollutants, and the role of aerosols and greenhouse gasses. Through a combination of observations, laboratory experiments, and computer modeling, atmospheric chemists investigate the causes and consequences of atmospheric changes.
Shōmyō
Shōmyō (声明) is a style of Japanese Buddhist chant, used mainly in the Tendai and Shingon traditions. There are two styles: ryokyoku (呂曲) and rikkyoku (律曲), described as difficult and easy to remember, respectively.

Shōmyō, like gagaku, employs the yo scale, a pentatonic scale with ascending intervals of two, three, two, two, and three semitones.

Shingon-shū Buzan-ha
Buzan-ha (真言宗豊山派, Shingon-shū Buzan-ha) is a sect of new school of Shingon Buddhism (新義真言宗 Shingi Shingon-shū) founded in the 16th century by the priest Senyo Sōjō (専誉僧正). The main Buzan-ha temple is Hase-dera in Sakurai, Nara.

While the reformed Shingon (shingi) faction, established by the priest Kakuban, is synonymous with the Chisan-ha sect, the Buzan-ha sect was strongly tied with the Tokugawa clan, receiving support from the shogunate, and the main temple, Gokoku-ji, where it became a focal point for spreading the Shingon teachings for the Kanto region. While gaining many followers in Kanto, historical circumstances led to only one branch temple existing in the Chūgoku and Kyushu regions due to the dispersal and consolidation of the Shingon sect.
Atim Ka-mihkosit Reserve
The Atim Kâ-mihkosit Reserve (Cree: ᐊᑎᒼ ᑳ ᒥᐦᑯᓯᐟ atim kâ-mihkosit, literal meaning Horse that is red) is an Indian reserve of the Star Blanket Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. An urban reserve, it is located in the city of Regina, where it encompasses the First Nations University of Canada.

Urban Indian reserve
An urban Indian reserve (French: réserve indienne urbaine) or urban First Nations reserve (French: réserve urbaine des premières nations) is land that the Government of Canada has designated as a First Nations reserve that is situated within an urban area. Such lands allow for aboriginal commercial ventures which enjoy the tax exemptions offered to traditional reserves. They may be located within either a municipality or, in the case of Saskatchewan, a Northern Administration District.

An urban reserve may result from either encroachment of a municipal area into existing reserve lands, or from the designation of land in an existing urban territory.

Some commercial urban reserves exist as satellites to rural reserves. It has been suggested that the generated revenue will help maintain the economic well-being of the associated rural community.
Seethathodu
Seethathodu is a village in the Konni taluk, Pathanamthitta district,   state of Kerala, India, near Chittar Town. Predominantly it is a rural region where agriculture being the most important sector. Both state-run and privately operated buses connect Seethathodu to various parts of Pathanamthitta district.

Chittar, Kerala
Chittar is a village in Pathanamthitta district, located in Kerala state, India. It is a Panchayat and is situated in the Konni Thaluk. It is part of the Konni state legislative constituency and of the Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha constituency. Chittar was given the Nirmal Gram award from former president Pratibha Patil.
Disease cluster
A disease cluster is an unusually large aggregation of a relatively uncommon disease (medical condition) or event within a particular geographical location or period. Recognition of a cluster depends on its size being greater than would be expected by chance. Identification of a suspected disease cluster may initially depend on anecdotal evidence. Epidemiologists and biostatisticians then assess whether the suspected cluster corresponds to an actual increase of disease in the area. Typically, when clusters are recognized, they are reported to public health departments in the local area. If clusters are of sufficient size and importance, they may be re-evaluated as outbreaks.

John Snow's pioneering investigation of the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, London, is seen as a classic example of the study of such a cluster.

1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
A severe outbreak of cholera occurred in 1854 near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street) and Golden Square in Soho, London, England, during the worldwide 1846–1860 cholera pandemic. The outbreak (also known as Golden Square outbreak), which killed 616 people, is best known for the physician John Snow's study of its causes and his hypothesis that germ-contaminated water was the cause, rather than something in the air called "miasma". This discovery influenced public health and the construction of improved sanitation facilities beginning in the mid-19th century. Later, the term "focus of infection" was used to describe sites, such as the Broad Street pump, where conditions are favourable for transmission of infection. Snow unknowingly took advantage of a natural experiment during his endeavours to identify the cause of cholera transmission.
The Gramercy Residences
The Gramercy Residences, also known as The Gramercy Residences at Century City, is a residential high-rise condominium in Makati, Philippines. As of 2023, it is the fourth tallest building in the Philippines together with Discovery Primea and Shangri-La at the Fort, Manila. It is the first of several buildings built at the new Century City complex along Kalayaan Avenue by the Century City Development Corporation.

The building takes its name from Gramercy Park, a fenced-in private park in one of Manhattan, New York City's prestigious neighborhoods. Originally planned to be a 65-storey building, it was announced to have 73 floors above ground with a total height of 250 m (820 ft) from ground to its architectural top.

Shangri-La at the Fort, Manila
Shangri-La at The Fort, also known as Shangri-La The Fort, Manila, is a mixed-use complex located in Bonifacio Global City, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig. The development contains a five-star luxury hotel, event venues, retail and the luxury residential units of the Shangri-La Residences The Fort, Manila and Horizon Homes, both of which were operated by Shang Properties. It opened on March 1, 2016, and is one of the three hotels managed by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts located in Metro Manila.

At 247 m (810 ft) tall, it is one of the tallest skyscrapers in the Philippines.
Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau
Ulrich Karl Christian Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau (29 May 1869 – 8 September 1928) was a German diplomat who became the first Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic. In that capacity, he led the German delegation at the Paris Peace Conference but resigned over the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. He was also the German ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1928.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)
The federal minister for foreign affairs (German: Bundesminister des Auswärtigen) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The current office holder is Johann Wadephul. Since 1966, the minister for foreign affairs has often also simultaneously held the office of vice-chancellor of Germany.
Junki Takegami
Junki Takegami (武上 純希, Takegami Junki; born February 26, 1955) is a Japanese animation and tokusatsu screenwriter. His real name is Shōzō Yamazaki (山崎 昌三, Yamazaki Shouzou), he has also used the alias Keiji Tanimoto (谷本 敬次, Tanimoto Keiji) in the past.

Heisei Ultraseven
Heisei Ultraseven (平成ウルトラセブン, Heisei Urutorasebun) is a collective of Japanese direct-to-video instalments, serving as a standalone sequel to the 1967-68 tokusatsu series Ultraseven. The series took place in an alternate universe featuring Ultraseven diverging from Ultraman and other succeeding Ultra Series starting from Return of Ultraman.

The project initially started as a pair of television specials in the year 1994, made to promote environmental awareness in Japan. It received a trilogy of specials in 1998 to promote Ultraseven's 30th anniversary and a hexalogy in 1999 to ostensibly wrapping up the entire series. To celebrate the 35th anniversary of Ultraseven, the Evolution pentalogy was introduced in 2002 as a direct follow up to the 1999 hexalogy and became the definitive ending to Heisei Ultraseven.
Name of Estonia
The name of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [ˈeˑstʲi] ⓘ) has a long and complex history. It has been connected to Aesti, first mentioned by Tacitus around AD 98. The name's modern geographical meaning comes from Eistland, Estia and Hestia in the medieval Scandinavian sources. Estonians adopted it as an endonym only in the mid-19th century.

Aesti
The Aesti (also Aestii, Astui or Aests) were an ancient people first described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his treatise Germania (circa 98 AD). According to Tacitus, the territory of Aesti was located somewhere east of the Suiones (Swedes).
Scott Jennings (game designer)
Scott Jennings (born c. 1966), also known as Lum the Mad, is an American commentator on MMORPG games. He is best known for creating a website, The Rantings of Lum The Mad, a pioneer blog, which existed from 1998 to 2001, when Jennings was hired by MMO developer Mythic Entertainment, where he remained until 2006.

NCSoft
NCSoft Corporation (stylized as NC, formerly stylized as NCSOFT; Korean: 엔씨소프트) is a South Korean video game developer and publisher headquartered in Pangyo, Seongnam, South Korea, primarily known for the distribution of massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as Lineage and Guild Wars.
Photopigment
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina.

Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a protein encoded by the RHO gene and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a light-sensitive receptor protein that triggers visual phototransduction in rod cells. Rhodopsin mediates dim light vision and thus is extremely sensitive to light.  When rhodopsin is exposed to light, it immediately photobleaches. In humans, it is fully regenerated in about 30 minutes, after which the rods are more sensitive. Defects in the rhodopsin gene cause eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness.
2018 Maldives political crisis
A political crisis in the Maldives intensified on after President Abdulla Yameen decided to disobey the Supreme Court order to release 9 political prisoners and reinstating 12 parliament members which would give the opposition (MDP) control of the chamber and potentially paving the way for Yameen's impeachment.

On 5 February 2018 president Abdulla Yameen declared a state of emergency and ordered the arrest of two judges of the Supreme Court of the Maldives, including Chief Justice of the Maldives Abdulla Saeed and Justice Ali Hameed Mohamed and former President (also his half-brother) Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Cabinet of the Maldives
The Cabinet of the Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ވަޒީރުންގެ މަޖިލިސް, romanized: dhivehiraajjeyge vazeerunge majilis) is the most senior level of the executive branch of the Government of the Maldives. It is made up of the President, the Vice President, Attorney General and the Ministers.
QName
A QName, or qualified name, is the fully qualified name of an element, attribute, or identifier in an XML document. A QName concisely associates the URI of an XML namespace with the local name of an element, attribute, or identifier in that namespace. To make this association, the QName assigns the local name a prefix that corresponds to its namespace. In all, the QName comprises the URI of the XML namespace, the prefix, and the local name.

The World Wide Web Consortium introduced the QName convention in the 1999 specification "Namespaces in XML".

XML namespace
XML namespaces are used for providing uniquely named elements and attributes in an XML document. They are defined in a W3C recommendation. An XML instance may contain element or attribute names from more than one XML vocabulary. If each vocabulary is given a namespace, the ambiguity between identically named elements or attributes can be resolved.

A simple example would be to consider an XML instance that contained references to a customer and an ordered product. Both the customer element and the product element could have a child element named id. References to the id element would therefore be ambiguous; placing them in different namespaces would remove the ambiguity.
2014–15 synchronized skating season
The 2014–15 synchronized skating season began on July 1, 2014, and ended on June 30, 2015. During this season, which was concurrent with the season for the other four disciplines (men's single, ladies' single, pair skating and ice dancing).

Elite synchronized skating teams competed on the International Skating Union Championship level at the 2015 World and World Junior Championships. They also competed at various other international as well as national competitions.

2014–15 figure skating season
The 2014–15 figure skating season began on July 1, 2014, and ended on June 30, 2015. During this season, elite skaters competed at the 2015 European Championships, Four Continents Championships, World Junior Championships, and World Championships. They also competed at elite events such as the Grand Prix series and Junior Grand Prix series, culminating at the Grand Prix Final, and the inaugural Challenger Series.

Beginning with this season, singles and pairs skaters were allowed to use music with lyrics in competition. Previously, they were restricted to instrumental music, including vocals without words. Additionally, the Challenger Series, a series of senior international competitions below the Grand Prix series, was introduced this season.
Fell Beck
Fell Beck is a stream near the foot of Ingleborough, in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It is notable for running into Gaping Gill, the second-largest natural cave shaft in the UK (after Titan). As it falls down the shaft for 110 metres it is the tallest unbroken waterfall in the UK. At times it is blocked off by a temporary dam to allow members of the public to descend the Gaping Gill shaft on a winch.

It later emerges as Clapham Beck in Beck Head Cave, adjacent to Ingleborough Cave. This was confirmed by cave divers in 1983, and by fluorescent dye tests many years before. Beyond the village of Clapham, Clapham Beck flows into the River Wenning, which in turn flows into the River Lune and thence to the Irish Sea.

Ingleborough Cave
Ingleborough Cave (formerly known as Clapham Caves) is a show cave close to the village of Clapham in North Yorkshire, England, adjacent to where the water from Gaping Gill resurges.

That part of the cave that is open to the public follows a fossil gallery for some 500 metres (1,640 ft). The passage is spacious, and well decorated with stalagmitic formations.

Beyond the show cave, the fossil gallery continues until it meets the main stream. The water can be followed upstream through passages under Trow Gill, to where it emerges from a sump at Terminal Lake which has been connected by divers to Gaping Gill, and followed downstream into Lake Pluto which has been connected by divers to Beck Head Stream Cave.

A connection has also been made with Fox Holes, a cave near Trow Gill.

A  small stream in the show cave drops into a rift called the Abyss. An  underwater connection has been made between the passage at the bottom and Beck Head Cave, the resurgence for the Gaping Gill water.
Nuestra Belleza Coahuila 2010
Nuestra Belleza Coahuila 2010, was held at the Teatro Nazas in Torreón, Coahuila on July 30, 2010. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, Cecilia Flores of Torreón was crowned the winner. Flores  was crowned by outgoing Nuestra Belleza Coahuila titleholder, Abril Rodríguez. Ten contestants competed for the state title.

Mexicana Universal Coahuila
Mexicana Universal Coahuila (until 2016 called Nuestra Belleza Coahuila) is a state-level contest in the state of Coahuila, Mexico, which selects the state representative for the national contest Mexicana Universal (formerly called Nuestra Belleza México), thus aspiring to represent the country internationally on one of the platforms offered.

The state organization has achieved the following results since 1994:

Winner:' 1 (2002)

1st Runner-up: 1 (2001)

3rd Runner-up: 1 (2004)

Top 10/11/12: 2 (1998, 2009)

Top 15/16: 5 (1997, 2006, 2013, 2017, 2019)

Top 20/21: 1 (2000)

Unplaced: 14 (1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021)

Absences: 3 (2003, 2022, 2023)
Tada Shrine
Tada Shrine (多田神社) is a Shinto shrine in the Tadadokoro neighborhood of the city of Kawanishi in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is also called ‘Tada-Daigongen-Sha’ or ‘Kansai Nikko’, literally, ‘Nikko of Western Japan’. This shrine is the shrine of the Seiwa Genji clan from which Minamoto no Yoritomo and many subsequent Shogun and daimyō clans claimed descent. This shrine is one of Three Genji Shrines, with Rokusonnō Shrine in Kyoto and Tsuboi Hachimangū in Osaka. The shrine was designated a National Historic Site in 1951.

Minamoto no Yorinobu
Minamoto no Yorinobu (源 頼信; December 21, 968 – June 1, 1048) was a samurai commander and member of the powerful Minamoto clan. Along with his brother Yorimitsu, Yorinobu served the regents of the Fujiwara clan, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He held the title, passed down from his father, of Chinjufu-shōgun, Commander-in-chief of the Defense of the North. He served as Governor of Ise, Shinano, Sagami, Mutsu and Kai Provinces, and was the progenitor of the Kawachi Genji.
Massimo D'Alelio
Massimo "Mimmo" D'Alelio (1916–1998) was an Italian bridge player. He won 13 world championships with the Italian national Blue Team, playing in partnership with Camillo Pabis Ticci during the second half of his career.

D'Alelio was born in Naples. He was a journalist who played bridge as an avocation. He was a student and partner of the Blue Team founder and theorist Eugenio Chiaradia. The team retired together after its 1969 Bermuda Bowl world championship and returned together for a successful defense of the quadrennial World Team Olympiad championship in 1972. D'Alelio then retired permanently for health reasons. As a member of the team he had played four systems with four partners.

Eugenio Chiaradia
Eugenio Chiaradia (1911–1977), nicknamed "Professor", was an Italian bridge player. A professor of philosophy, he was one of the early bridge theorists and the principal author of the Neapolitan Club system, the predecessor of the Blue Club. Chiaradia won six Bermuda Bowl titles (1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962 and 1963) with the Blue Team, three of those in partnership with Guglielmo Siniscalco. He left the team after the 1963 Bermuda Bowl, and went to live in Sao Paulo, coaching the Brazilian team.
Steven Lennon
Steven Lennon (born 20 January 1988) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a forward for Þróttur Reykjavík, on loan from Besta-deild karla side FH.

He has previously played for Rangers, Partick Thistle, Lincoln City, Dundalk, Newport County, Fram Reykjavík and Sandnes Ulf.

Rangers F.C. B Team and Academy
In addition to their senior squad, Rangers Football Club also operate a football Academy which contains a number of football teams culminating in an under-19 side, which plays friendly challenge matches against various domestic and European sides in accordance with the academy's development plan, having declined the option to continue in the SPFL Reserve League despite winning the competition in 2019. Historically, the club's second side was known as the Rangers Swifts.

In the 2006–07 season, the under-20s won their league and the Scottish Youth Cup, ending rivals Celtic's run of six consecutive league titles and defeating them 5–0 in the final of the Youth Cup at Hampden Park. In 2019, the Rangers under-18 team qualified for the UEFA Youth League for the first time. Underage teams also take part in the Scottish Challenge Cup and the Glasgow Cup.
BRP Gregorio Velasquez
BRP Gregorio Velasquez is Philippine Navy's first oceanographic research vessel. It was built by the United States Navy as USNS Melville (T-AGOR-14) for university support of Navy programs. The ship was operated as the research vessel R/V Melville by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for oceanographic research. As the R/V Melville, it was the oldest active vessel in the academic research fleet, collectively known as the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) (UNOLS). The US Government confirmed on 17 November 2015 that the Melville was to be transferred to the Philippine Navy as Excess Defense Articles (EDA)s. The vessel was officially transferred to the Philippines on 28 April 2016 and was commissioned into active service at the same time with the Philippine Navy.

University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System
The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) is a group of academic institutions and National Laboratories organized in the United States to coordinate research vessel use for federally funded ocean research.
2015 National Rugby Championship
The 2015 National Rugby Championship (known as the Buildcorp National Rugby Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the second season of Australia's National Rugby Championship, involving nine professional rugby union teams from around Australia. The competition kicked off 20 August 2015.

The regular season was dominated by two teams, Brisbane City and University of Canberra Vikings, who went on to play in the championship final. The deciding match, played at Ballymore, was won 21–10 by Brisbane to claim their second consecutive NRC title.

National Rugby Championship
The National Rugby Championship, known as NRC, was an Australian rugby union competition. It was contested by eight teams, seven from Australia and one from Fiji. The tournament ran from 2014 until 2019 before being disbanded in 2020 following the change of the Australian rugby TV broadcasting deal from Fox Sports, who had funded the competition, to Stan Sport. The 2020 competition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.