hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4949 Akasofu
4949 Akasofu, provisional designation 1988 WE, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Japanese amateur astronomer Takuo Kojima at the YGCO Chiyoda Station in Japan on 29 November 1988. The asteroid was named for Japanese geophysicist Syun-Ichi Akasofu

Takuo Kojima
Takuo Kojima (小島 卓雄, Kojima Takuo, born 1955) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 45 asteroids he made between 1987 and 2000. Takuo Kojima also writes a regular column for the astronomy magazine Gekkan Temmon titled the "Comet Observers Guide. The main-belt asteroid 3644 Kojitaku is named after him.
John Friedlander
John Friedlander FRSC is a Canadian mathematician specializing in analytic number theory. He received his B.Sc. from the University of Toronto in 1965, an M.A. from the University of Waterloo in 1966, and a Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 1972. He was a lecturer at M.I.T. in 1974–76, and has been on the faculty of the University of Toronto since 1977, where he served as Chair during 1987–91. He has also spent several years at the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition to his individual work, he has been notable for his collaborations with other well-known number theorists, including Enrico Bombieri, William Duke, Andrew Granville, and especially Henryk Iwaniec.

In 1997, in joint work with Henryk Iwaniec, Friedlander proved that infinitely many prime numbers can be obtained as the sum of a square and fourth power: a2 + b4. Friedlander and Iwaniec improved Enrico Bombieri's "asymptotic sieve" technique to construct their proof.

Enrico Bombieri
Enrico Bombieri (born 26 November 1940) is an Italian mathematician, known for his work in analytic number theory, Diophantine geometry, complex analysis, and group theory. Bombieri is currently professor emeritus in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Bombieri won the Fields Medal in 1974 for his work on the large sieve and its application to the distribution of prime numbers.
Minthi (mountain)
The Minthi (Greek: Μίνθη) is a mountain located in southern Elis in the western Peloponnese, Greece. The mountain is named after the nymph Minthe. It is about 15 km long (from west to east), and about 10 km wide. Its highest summit is 1,345 m. It is situated between the towns Zacharo in the west and Andritsaina in the east. The valley of the river Neda forms its southern border. The sacred mountain Lykaion lies east of the Minthi. The forests on Minthi suffered great damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.

Neda (river)
The Neda (Greek: Νέδα) is a river in the western Peloponnese in Greece. It is 31 km (19 mi) long, and its drainage area is 278 km2 (107 sq mi). It is unique in the sense that it is the only river in Greece with a feminine name.

It took its name from the nymph Neda.
Regulation on Community designs
Council Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs is a European Union regulation 
which introduces a unified system of industrial design rights, called Community designs, throughout the 
European Union. The system which includes both unregistered and registered design rights, 
operates in addition to national systems of protection in each Member State, which are partially harmonised by the 
Directive on the legal protection of designs (98/71/EC).

European Union design
A European Union design is a unitary industrial design right that covers the European Union. It has both unregistered and registered forms. The name European Union design (EU design) was adopted 1 May 2025.

Previously, this industrial design right covening the European Union was named Community design. The unregistered Community design (UCD) came into effect on 6 March 2002 and the registered Community design (RCD) was available from 1 April 2003.
Grant-Hadley Enterprises
Grant-Hadley Enterprises was the first of three names used by an American small press publishing house specializing in science fiction titles. The company was founded in 1945 by Donald M. Grant (then aged 18) and Thomas G. Hadley and published one title as Grant-Hadley Enterprises.  Kenneth J. Krueger joined the company in 1946 and the name was changed to The Buffalo Book Company.  Later in 1946, Hadley continued the company on his own as The Hadley Publishing Co.

The Skylark of Space
The Skylark of Space is a science fiction novel by American writer Edward E. "Doc" Smith, written between 1915 and 1921 while Smith was working on his doctorate. Though the original idea for the novel was Smith's, he co-wrote the first part of the novel with Lee Hawkins Garby, the wife of his college classmate and later neighbor Carl Garby. The novel starts as an edisonade, but turns into a space travel adventure when the characters go into deep space. The Skylark of Space is considered to be one of the earliest novels of interstellar travel and the first example of space opera. Originally serialized in 1928 in the magazine Amazing Stories, it was first published in book form in 1946 by the Buffalo Book Co. The novel was followed by three sequels, beginning with Skylark Three.
Sheila Scott Macintyre
Sheila Scott Macintyre FRSE (23 April 1910 – 21 March 1960) was a Scottish mathematician best known for her work on the Whittaker constant. Macintyre is also known for co-authoring a German–English mathematics dictionary with Edith Witte.

Trinity Academy, Edinburgh
Trinity Academy is a state-run secondary school in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located on the border between Trinity, Newhaven, and Leith, next to Victoria Park, and a short distance from the banks of the Firth of Forth at Newhaven.
1961 AAA Championships
The 1961 AAA Championships was the 1961 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 14 to 15 July 1961 at White City Stadium in London, England.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.
Koeppel Community Center
The Koeppel Community Center is an indoor ice hockey arena on the campus of Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. It is home to the Trinity Bantams men's and women's ice hockey programs and has seating for 3,400 spectators.

Trinity Bantams
The Trinity Bantams are the varsity and club athletic teams of Trinity College, a selective liberal arts college located in Hartford, Connecticut. Trinity's varsity teams compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III.  The College offers 27 varsity teams, plus club sports, intramural sports.
Bogaerts International School
Bogaerts International School (also known as BIS) is an international K-12 school founded in 2011 by Yann Bogaerts located in Uccle. The school is located on the outskirts of Brussels, in an area classed as semi-urban while the campus is in a wooded area. The school offers an education to both local Belgian and foreign families.

The school follows an international baccalaureate (IB) curriculum. The school offers a continuum of three programmes of education: the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP) and Diploma Programme (DP).

IB Middle Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 and 16 around the world as part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) continuum. The Middle Years Programme is intended to prepare students for the three-year IB Diploma Programme and IB Career-related Programmes.

It is used by many schools internationally, and has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New Chapter.

In the Middle Years Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.
Blake Street railway station
Blake Street railway station serves the Hill Hook area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. It is sited on the Cross-City Line between Bromsgrove/Redditch and Lichfield Trent Valley, via Birmingham New Street. The station located on the county boundary between the West Midlands and Staffordshire. It is managed by West Midlands Trains, who operate all trains serving the station.

Sutton Coldfield
Sutton Coldfield (/ˌsʌtən ˈkoʊldfiːld/ SUT-ən KOHLD-feeld pronunciationⓘ) is a town and civil parish in the city of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. The town lies around 8 miles northeast of Birmingham city centre, 8 miles south of Lichfield, 7 miles southwest of Tamworth, and 7 miles east of Walsall.

Sutton Coldfield and its surrounding suburbs are governed under Birmingham City Council for local government purposes but the town has its own town council which governs the town and its surrounding areas by running local services and electing a mayor to the council. It is in the historic county of Warwickshire, and in 1974 it became part of Birmingham and the West Midlands metropolitan county under the Local Government Act 1972.
Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race
The Sree Narayana Jayanthi Vallam Kali or Boat Race, at Kumarakom, Kerala is held in September every year during Onam festival. More than 1,000 oarsmen in boats of different sizes and shapes take part. Even though snake boats participate in this race, the importance given here is for iruttukuthi, in which about 50 oarsmen row. The successful iruttukuthi wins the Sree Narayana Ever Rolling Trophy.

Narayana Guru
Sree Narayana Guru (IPA: [nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru]) (20 August 1856 – 20 September 1928) was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality. A quote of his that defined his movement was "one caste, one religion, and one god for all human beings". He is the author of the Advaita poem Daiva Dasakam, which is one of the most used poem in Kerala for community prayer.

French philosopher and Nobel prize laureate for literature, Romain Rolland described Narayana guru as 'Jnani of Karma', noting that he exemplified how faith could be used to bring about social change.
1998 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1998 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 110th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening fixtures took place on 14 December 1997. The championship began on 1 May 1998 and ended on 4 October 1998.

Beara entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Nemo Rangers in a second round replay.

On 4 October 1998, Bantry Blues won the championship following a 0-17 to 2-06 defeat of Duhallow in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1995.

Duhallow's Mark O'Sullivan was the championship's top scorer with 5-20.

1887 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Cork Senior Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 30 January 1887. The championship began on 6 March 1887 and ended on 10 July 1887.

On 10 July 1887, Lees won the championship following a 0–04 to 0–01 defeat of Lisgoold in the final at Cork Park. The club subsequently represented Cork in the 1887 All-Ireland Championship.
En echelon veins
In structural geology, en échelon veins, "en échelon gash fractures" or "Tiger Stripes" are structures within rock caused by noncoaxial shear.

En echelon veins can be parallel or subparallel, closely-spaced, overlapping or step-like minor structural features in rock. These step-like features can be faults, or tension fractures, that are oblique to the overall structural trend.  They originate as tension fractures that are parallel to the major stress orientation, σ1, in a shear zone. They are subsequently filled by precipitation of a mineral, typically quartz or calcite. As soon as they form, they begin to rotate in the shear zone. Subsequent growth of the fracture therefore causes the vein to take on a sigmoidal shape. They can be used to determine the incremental kinematics of the deformation history of the rock.

Tension (geology)
In geology, the term "tension" refers to a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions. The rocks become longer in a lateral direction and thinner in a vertical direction. One important result of tensile stress is jointing in rocks. However, tensile stress is rare because most subsurface stress is compressive, due to the weight of the overburden.
2015 Seguros Bolívar Open Medellín
The 2015 Seguros Bolívar Open Medellín was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is the second edition of the tournament for women and twelfth edition for men. It was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total prize money of $50,000+H for both men and for women. It took place in Medellín, Colombia, on 6–12 April 2015 for women and 5–11 October 2015 for men.

2015 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2015 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2015 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 166 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 38th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 7th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Liburnians
The Liburnians or Liburni (Ancient Greek: Λιβυρνοί) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia. According to Strabo's Geographica, they populated Kerkyra until shortly after the Corinthians settled the island, c. 730 BC. Their ethnic and linguistic origins are unknown.

Florus
Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, the Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all). As to whether these were composed by the same person, or set of people, is unclear, but the works are variously attributed to:

Publius Annius Florus, described as a Roman poet and rhetorician.

Julius Florus, described as an ancient Roman poet, orator, and author who was born around 74 AD and died around 130 AD Florus was born in Africa, but raised in Rome.

Lucius Annaeus Florus (circa 74 – 130 AD), a Roman historian, who lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian and was also born in Africa.
The Water Gardens, Burwood Place
The Water Gardens, on Burwood Place, Edgware Road, London are a residential development comprising a communal garden and three apartment blocks. The development was planned in 1960 and constructed between 1961 and 1966. The owners of the site are the Church Commissioners, who engaged Trehearne and Norman, Preston and Partners as architects and Philip Hicks as landscape designer. The gardens were renovated in 2018 and are listed at Grade II on the  Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.

Bridget Cherry
Bridget Cherry OBE FSA Hon. FRIBA (born 17 May 1941) is a British architectural historian who was series editor of the Pevsner Architectural Guides from 1971 until 2002, and is the author or co-author of several volumes in the series.
Augmented tuning
An augmented tuning is  a musical tuning system for musical instruments that is associated with augmented triads, that is a root note, a major third, and an augmented fifth. The augmented fifth is constructed by stacking the major third with another major third. Consequently, all of the intervals are major thirds.

Augmented tunings are used for stringed instruments, especially guitars, and for wind instruments. For guitars, augmented tunings are called major thirds tunings.

William Sethares
William A. Sethares (born April 19, 1955) is an American professor of electrical engineering and music theorist at the University of Wisconsin. In music, he has contributed to the theory of dynamic tonality and provided a formalization of consonance.
Matthew 27:4
Matthew 27:4 is the fourth verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse continues the final story of Judas Iscariot. In the previous verse, Judas had regretted his decision to betray Jesus. In this verse he returns to the Jewish leaders but finds no interest in his change of opinion.

Matthew 27
Matthew 27 is the 27th chapter in the Gospel of Matthew, part of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. This chapter contains Matthew's record of the day of the trial, crucifixion and burial of Jesus. Scottish theologian William Robertson Nicoll notes that "the record of this single day is very nearly one-ninth of the whole book".
Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
During the British rule in Mandatory Palestine, there was civil, political and armed struggle between Palestinian Arabs and the Jewish Yishuv, beginning from the violent spillover of the Franco-Syrian War in 1920 and until the onset of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The conflict shifted from sectarian clashes in the 1920s and early 1930s to an armed Arab Revolt against British rule in 1936, armed Jewish Revolt primarily against the British in mid-1940s and finally open war in November 1947 between Arabs and Jews.

Peter Novick
Peter Novick (July 26, 1934, Jersey City – February 17, 2012, Chicago) was an American historian who was Professor of History at the University of Chicago. He was best known for writing That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession and The Holocaust in American Life. The latter title has also been published as The Holocaust and Collective Memory, especially for non-US anglophonic markets.
Dendi language
Dendi is a Songhay language used as a trade language across northern Benin (along the Niger River). It forms a dialect cluster with Zarma and Koyraboro Senni but it is heavily influenced by Bariba.

Dendi has been described as a four-tone language.

Bariba language
Bariba, also known as Baatonum, is the language of the Bariba people and was the language of the state of Borgu. The native speakers are called Baatombu (singular Baatonu), Barba, Baruba, Berba and a number of various other names and spellings.

It is primarily spoken in Benin, but also across the border in adjacent Kwara State and Niger State, a percentage of speakers are also found in Saki West local government area of Oyo State Nigeria, and some Bariba are in Togo, Burkina Faso and Niger. Welmers (1952) reported the Bariba language as spoken in the cities of Nikki, Parakou, Kandi, gwanara, Bankubu, Boriya, Ilesha Baruba and Natitingou.
Arf invariant of a knot
In the mathematical  field of knot theory, the Arf invariant of a knot, named after Cahit Arf, is a knot invariant obtained from a quadratic form associated to a Seifert surface.  If F is a Seifert surface of a knot, then the homology group H1(F, Z/2Z) has a quadratic form whose value is the number of full twists mod 2 in a neighborhood of an embedded circle representing an element of the homology group. The Arf invariant of this quadratic form is the Arf invariant of the knot.

Louis Kauffman
Louis Hirsch Kauffman (born February 3, 1945) is an American mathematician, mathematical physicist, and professor of mathematics in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He does research in topology, knot theory, topological quantum field theory, quantum information theory, and diagrammatic and categorical mathematics. He is best known for the introduction and development of the bracket polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial.
Christian Kabasele
Christian Kabasele (born 24 February 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serie A club Udinese.

Born in Zaire, Kabasele played for the Belgium national team, representing the nation at UEFA Euro 2016.

2011–12 Bulgarian Cup
The 2011–12 Bulgarian Cup was the 30th official season of the Bulgarian annual football knockout tournament. The competition began in September 2011 with the matches of the preliminary round and ended with the final in May 2012. CSKA Sofia were the defending champions, but lost to Septemvri Simitli in the quarterfinals. Ludogorets Razgrad won the title, after defeating Lokomotiv Plovdiv in the final.

The winners of the competition, Ludogorets, won also the championship and thus the Bulgarian cup runner-up, Lokomotiv Plovdiv, qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.
Justin Willis (martial artist)
Justin Willis (born July 19, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist competing in the Heavyweight division.  A professional competitor since 2012, he has formerly competed for the World Series of Fighting and the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
Religion in South Africa
Religion in South Africa is dominated by various branches of Christianity, which collectively represent over 85% of the country's total population.

South Africa is a secular state with a diverse religious population. Its constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Many religions are represented in the ethnic and regional diversity of the country's population.

2001 South African census
The National Census of 2001 was the 2nd comprehensive national census of the Republic of South Africa, or Post-Apartheid South Africa. It undertook to enumerate every person present in South Africa on the census night between 9–10 October 2001 at a cost of R 987,000,000.

It was organised and planned by Statistics South Africa in terms of the Statistics Act from the beginning of 1999, under the commission of the Statistician-General Pali Lehohla. The enumeration primarily took place from 10 to 31 October 2001 and the results were published in 2003.