hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
August Hagenbach
August Hagenbach (22 December 1871 – 11 August 1955) was a Swiss physicist working in spectroscopy.

He was the son of physicist Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff and obtained his Ph.D. in 1894 at the University of Leipzig with a thesis titled "Über Thermoelemente aus Metallen und Salzlösungen" under the supervision of Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann.

In 1906, he took over the chaired professorship at the University of Basel earlier held by his father.

In 1926, he was rector of the University of Basel.

One of his students was Ernst Stueckelberg.

Ernst Stueckelberg
Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg (baptised as Johann Melchior Ernst Karl Gerlach Stückelberg, full name after 1911: Baron Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg von Breidenbach zu Breidenstein und Melsbach; 1 February 1905 – 4 September 1984) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, regarded as one of the most eminent physicists of the 20th century.

He made key advances in theoretical physics, including the exchange particle model of fundamental forces, causal S-matrix theory, and the renormalization group.

His idiosyncratic style and publication in minor journals led to his work not being widely recognized until the mid-1990s.
2018 Canberra Tennis International
The 2018 Apis Canberra International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2018 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Canberra, Australia, on 29 October–4 November 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Cathal Barrett
Cathal Barrett (born 21 July 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays for Tipperary Championship club Holycross–Ballycahill and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a right corner-back.

GAA GPA All Stars Awards
The Gaelic Athletic Association–Gaelic Players' Association All Stars Awards (often known simply as the All Stars) are presented annually to the best player in each of the 15 playing positions in Gaelic football and hurling. Additionally, one person in each code is selected as Player of the Year.

The awards were instituted in 1971. Since 2011 they have been presented jointly by the Gaelic Athletic Association and the representative body for inter-county players, the Gaelic Players Association.

Each player who receives a nomination is given a medallion marking the milestone.

It is considered "the most coveted sporting award scheme in the country". Equivalent awards exist for ladies' football, rounders and camogie.
Boelckea
Boelckea beckii is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is the sole species in genus Boelckea. It is an annual herb growing up to 30 cm tall. It is endemic to Bolivia, where it is known from three or four collections at Ixiamas and Luisita in Abel Iturralde Province and at Noel Kempff Mercado National Park in José Miguel de Velasco Province. It lives in humid savanna from 180 to 233 meters elevation. It is assessed as endangered, with a limited range and threatened with habitat loss from cattle grazing and introduced grasses.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
The Westminster Terrace
The Westminster Terrace (Chinese: 皇璧; Jyutping: wong4 bik3; pinyin: Huángbì) is a private housing estate located in Yau Kom Tau, Tsuen Wan District, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Developed by Grosvenor Group in conjunction with Asia Standard Group, the single residential building consists of 59 four ensuite-bedroom duplex flats ranging from 3,200 to 6,500 sq ft.

Tsuen Wan District
Tsuen Wan District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is located in the New Territories and is served by the Tsuen Wan line and Tuen Ma line of the MTR metro system. Its area is 60.7 km2. Its residents, who mostly live in Tsuen Wan Town, enjoy the highest income in the New Territories.

Part of the Tsuen Wan New Town is located in the Tsuen Wan District. An exclave of the district is located on the island of Ma Wan and the northeastern part of Lantau island (including Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula and Yam O).

The Hong Kong Disneyland Resort is within the boundary of Tsuen Wan District (and partially in the neighbouring Islands District).
Chushiel
Ḥushiel ben Elḥanan was president of the beth midrash at Kairouan, Tunisia, toward the end of the 10th century. He was probably born in Italy, but his origins and travels remain obscure, and his eventual arrival in Kairwan is the subject of a well-known story.

Isaac Hirsch Weiss
Isaac (Isaak) Hirsch Weiss, also Eisik Hirsch Weiss (Hebrew: יצחק הירש ווייס) (9 February 1815 – 1 June 1905), was an Austrian Talmudist and historian of literature born at Groß Meseritsch, Habsburg Moravia.

After having received elementary instruction in Hebrew and Talmud in various chadorim of his native town, he entered, at the age of eight, the yeshiva of Moses Aaron Tichler (founded at Velké Meziříčí in 1822), where he studied Talmud for 5 years. He then studied at home under a tutor, and later in the yeshiva of Trebitsch, Moravia, under Ḥayyim Joseph Pollak, and in that of Eisenstadt, Hungary under Isaac Moses Perles, returning to his home town in 1837.
Conqueror's Blade
Conqueror's Blade is a free-to-play, massively multiplayer online real-time tactics game developed by Chinese studio Booming Games, published by Mail.ru in Russia, by My.com in Europe and North America and by Booming Games in South America, MENA (Middle East and North Africa), Asia and Pacific. It is set in an open world inspired by medieval and feudal civilizations, and centers around siege combat, commanding units in real-time, and seizing territory from other players in online battles.

Total War (video game series)
Total War is a series of strategy games developed by British developer Creative Assembly for personal computers. They combine turn-based strategy and resource management with real-time tactical control of battles. Rather uniquely for real-time strategy games, flanking manoeuvres and formations factor heavily into gameplay. The first of the series, Shogun: Total War, was released in June 2000. The most recent major game released was Total War: Pharaoh on 11 October 2023. As of April 2021, the series had sold over 36 million copies.
Kamsale
Kamsale (Kannada: ಕಂಸಾಳೆ ನೃತ್ಯ), is a folk art performed by the devotees of God Mahadeshwara. It is performed using Kamsale, brass made idiophones (musical instrument). It's a popular folk art in Southern Karnataka especially Chamarajanagara, Ramanagara, Mandya and Mysore, Kollegal, , Nanjangudu and outskirts of Bengaluru.

Kuruba
Kuruba (IPA: [kurubɐ]) is a Hindu caste native to the Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are the third-largest caste group in Karnataka. Traditionally, these are shepherds who used to do the work of sheep/goat and animal husbandry and agriculture, in which they especially raised mixed herds of sheep and goats and cattle.
Charles B. Green (Mississippi politician)
Charles B. Green was a lawyer and state legislator in Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi Senate in 1820 and 1821 and in the Mississippi House of Representatives including as Speaker. He represented Adams County. He was involved in the debate over where to move the state capital. He was a candidate for governor in 1821 losing to Walter Leake by a wide margin. He also served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from Adams County in 1826 through 1829.

He became law partners with Christopher Rankin in 1816. He was Speaker of the Mississippi House when Gerard C. Brandon was governor and A. M. Scott Lieutenant Governor and President of the Mississippi Senate.

Abram M. Scott
Abram Marshall Scott (March 13, 1785 – June 12, 1833) was a politician in Mississippi. He was born in Edgefield County in the Province of South Carolina. He was an early settler of Wilkinson County, Mississippi and was instrumental in founding the town of Woodville, Mississippi. He held local political offices before his election to the Mississippi State Senate. As President of the Mississippi Senate he also served as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi. He belonged to the National Republican Party.
I Got Too Sad for My Friends
I Got Too Sad for My Friends is the third studio album by the English singer Shura. It was released via Play It Again Sam, on 30 May 2025. It was preceded by three singles, "Recognise", "World's Worst Girlfriend" and "Richardson", and Shura's 2019 project, Forevher.

Forevher
Forevher (stylized in lowercase) is the second studio album by the English musician Shura. It was released on 16 August 2019 by American independent record label Secretly Canadian. The album follows Shura's critically acclaimed debut album, Nothing's Real (2016). The album artwork of Forevher is a reference to the 1882 marble sculpture The Kiss, by French sculptor Auguste Rodin.

The album was preceded by three singles: "Bklynldn", "Religion (U Can Lay Your Hands on Me)" and "The Stage". "Religion" was supported by a music video; directed by Chloe Wallace.

A deluxe edition of the album was released on 26 March 2021, which contained three new tracks, one demo previously released on Bandcamp in 2020 and five acoustic versions of songs that appeared on the standard edition. A music video was released on 17 February 2021 to accompany one of the deluxe tracks "Obsession".
Kedreng
Kedreng (Persian: كدرنگ; also known as Kedrīng) is a village in Gevar Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 31 families.

Gevar Rural District
Gevar Rural District (Persian: دهستان گور) is in Sarduiyeh District of Jiroft County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sahebabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qalatuiyeh.
Amanda Levete
Amanda Jane Levete (born 1955) is a British architect and the principal of AL_A. While she worked as a partner at Future Systems, the company was awarded the 1999 Stirling Prize for their work on the Lord's Media Centre. She has also received several prizes and accolades for her work at AL_A.

Architects' Journal
Architects' Journal is a professional architecture magazine, published monthly in London by Metropolis International. Each issue includes in-depth features on relevant current affairs, alongside profiles of recently completed buildings. Ten times per year the magazine is accompanied by sister publication AJ Specification.

Architects’ Journal’s website – which attracts 8 million views a year – is focused on breaking news, and is where the publication’s investigative journalism and campaigns can be found. This includes the RetroFirst campaign, which helps architects to ensure they embed sustainability into every part of their practice.

In 2018 Architects’ Journal was awarded Magazine of the Year at the Professional Publishers Association Awards., and was named Editorial Brand of the Year at the International Building Press Awards in 2020, 2021 and 2023.
Battle of Chiusella River
The Battle of (the) Chiusella River or Battle of Romano (26 May 1800) saw the vanguard of a French Republican army led by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte attack a Habsburg Austrian division led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant (FML) Karl Joseph Hadik von Futak. The action occurred in the Marengo campaign during the War of the Second Coalition. In May 1800, Bonaparte's Reserve Army crossed the Great St Bernard Pass into the Aosta Valley in northwestern Italy. Though its advance was delayed by Fort Bard, the Reserve Army's vanguard under General of Division (GD) Jean Lannes moved past the fort and captured Ivrea. Hadik attempted to block the French at the Chiusella River north of Romano Canavese. After a hard-fought action, the Austrians withdrew toward Turin. Hadik's battle report finally helped convince the Austrian army commander General der Kavallerie Michael von Melas that the main French threat was coming from the Aosta Valley.

Vanguard
The vanguard (sometimes abbreviated to van  and also called the advance guard) is the leading part of an advancing military formation. It has a number of functions, including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force.

In naval warfare the van is the advance ship, or fleet, that will make the initial engagement with an enemy fleet.
Land Ports Authority of India
The Land Ports Authority of India or LPAI is a statutory body (created through the Land Ports Authority of India Act, 2010) working under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing border infrastructure in India. It manages several Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) all across Borders of India.

Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
The Ministry of Home Affairs (IAST: Gṛha Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India. It is mainly responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy. It is headed by the minister of home affairs.

The Ministry of Home Affairs is also the Cadre Controlling Authority for the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS, DANICS and Central Secretariat Official Language Service (CSOLS).
2016 Singapore Sevens
The 2016 Singapore Sevens was the eighth tournament of the 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was played on 16–17 April 2016 at National Stadium in Singapore. It was the fourth time the Singapore Sevens was part of the World Sevens Series, having last hosted an event on the circuit in 2006.

2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2015–16 World Rugby Sevens Series, known for sponsorship reasons as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series, was the 17th annual series of rugby union sevens tournaments for national men's rugby sevens teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999–2000. This season, the series expanded from nine to ten events.
Fractal dimension on networks
Fractal analysis is useful in the study of complex networks, present in both natural and artificial systems such as computer systems, brain and social networks, allowing further development of the field in network science.

Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).  The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."
Emiliano Di Cavalcanti
Emiliano Augusto Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Melo (September 6, 1897 – October 26, 1976), known as Di Cavalcanti, was a Brazilian painter who sought to produce a form of Brazilian art free of any noticeable European influences. His wife was the painter Noêmia Mourão, who would be an inspiration in his works in the later 1930s.

Fernand Léger
Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (French: [fɛʁnɑ̃ leʒe]; February 4, 1881 – August 17, 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism (known as "tubism") which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style. His boldly simplified treatment of modern subject matter has caused him to be regarded as a forerunner of pop art.
2009 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships
The 2009 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Calabasas, California, United States between 19 and 25 October 2009.

2009 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2009 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 20 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and 142 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $150,000.
Kamagorgon
Kamagorgon is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia. The type and only species is Kamagorgon ulanovi. It is only known from an incomplete skull. The snout is short and the canine teeth are very large. Kamagorgon was named in 1998 and originally classified in the biarmosuchian family Eotitanosuchidae along with the poorly known therapsid Eotitanosuchus. More recently, Kamagorgon has considered as a primitive gorgonopsian rather than a biarmosuchian due to the length of the front jawbone and rear side of the skull. These features are commonly shared by the brithopodid and biarmosuchid lineages.

Eotitanosuchus
Eotitanosuchus ("dawn giant crocodile") is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids whose fossils were found in the town of Ochyor in Perm Krai, Russia. It lived about 267 million years ago. The only species is Eotitanosuchus olsoni.
Gumine District
Gumine District is a district of the Simbu Province of Papua New Guinea.  Its capital is Gumine.  The population was 56,860 at the 2011 census.
Gumine District comprises the following major tribes and language groups:

1. Dom (Karamaril, Minuma, Gaima)
2. Era (Moremaule, Buli)
3. Mian (Gumine Station, Tagla)
4. Kia (Omkolai)
5. Golin (Boromil, Yani, Dirima, Bokolma, Mul)
6. Yuri (Dia, Gomgale, Waramond
7. Sa (Nondri, Amia)

Chimbu Province
Chimbu, also spelled Simbu, is a province in the Highlands Region of Papua New Guinea. The province has an area of 6,112 km2 and a population of 376,473 (2011 census). The capital of the province is Kundiawa. Mount Wilhelm, the tallest mountain in Papua New Guinea is on the border of Eastern part of Simbu and the Western part of Madang Province.
Rasheed carbine
The Rasheed (or sometimes known as the Rashid) is a semi-automatic carbine, derived from the Hakim rifle and used by the Egyptian military. Only around 8,000 were made.

The Rasheed was designed by the Swedish engineer Erik Eklund, who based it on his previous Hakim rifle, which was itself a slightly modified version of the Swedish Ag m/42 rifle. The Rasheed was scaled down to accept much less powerful 7,62×39 Soviet ammunition.

Carbine
A carbine (/ˈkɑːrbiːn/ KAR-been or /ˈkɑːrbaɪn/ KAR-byn) is a long gun that has a barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridges.

The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to handle. They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as special operations soldiers and paratroopers, as well as to mounted, artillery, logistics, or other non-infantry personnel whose roles do not require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the M4 carbine, the standard issue carbine of the United States Armed Forces.
Tie clip
A tie clip (also tie slide, tie bar, or tie clasp) is a clothing accessory that is used to clip a tie to the underlying shirt front, preventing it from swinging and ensuring that the tie hangs straight, resulting in a neat, uniform appearance.

The use of tie clips gained prominence during the 1920s, during which period the use of straight ties made of delicate materials such as silk became more fashionable, and they largely came to replace the more traditional tie pin.

Tie clips are commonly made of metal and often have decorative patterns or embellishments. Some clips have a small badge indicating membership to a club or some other affiliation, or some other commemorative token, in a similar manner to the way in which ties themselves may be used as signs of membership.

In the United States, a tie clip is one of the few items of jewelry allowed to be worn by servicemen and women.

Fashion accessory
In fashion, an accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to an individual's outfit. Accessories are often chosen to complete an outfit and complement the wearer's look. They have the capacity to further express an individual's identity and personality. Accessories come in different shapes, sizes, hues, etc. The term came into use in the 16th century.
Parks and gardens in Bratislava
The parks and gardens in Bratislava have formed a part of the landscape of the capital of Slovakia since the Middle Ages. Some of the historical gardens of Bratislava had such architectonic value that they were widely known outside of the city and well beyond the borders of the Kingdom of Hungary. Perhaps the best known garden in the city's history was the renaissance Pálffy Garden, with its famous landmark, a centuries-old linden tree encased in a wooden terrace frame, seven floors in height.

Today, Bratislava's most famous park is Sad Janka Kráľa, established in 1774-1776 it is the oldest public park in Central Europe. There are over 20 different caretakers of parks in Bratislava and all of the parks and gardens in the city lack long-term and consistent care. The level of park maintenance is low and the parks often lack functioning pathways, benches and lightning.

Grotto
A grotto or grot is a natural or artificial cave or covered recess. Naturally occurring grottoes are typically small coastal caves associated with bodies of water and may be partially or fully submerged at high tide. Artificial grottoes have also been constructed as garden features, particularly in landscape design from the Renaissance onward. Well‑known natural examples include the Grotta Azzurra on Capri and the grotto at Tiberius’ Villa Jovis in the Bay of Naples.