hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papiermark
The Papiermark (German: [paˈpiːɐ̯ˌmaʁk] ⓘ; lit. 'paper mark') was a derisive term for the Mark (sign: ℳ︁) after it went off the gold standard, and most specifically with the era of hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and 1923.  Formally, the same German mark was used from 1871 to 1923.  Like many countries, Germany departed the gold standard due to the outbreak of World War I, and stopped issuing gold coins backed in marks in August 1914.  Precious metals rapidly disappeared from circulation, and inflation occurred as paper money was used to cover war debts in 1914 to 1918.  Still, the papiermark is more associated with the early Weimar Republic era, when inflation grew out of control.  By the time the mark was retired from circulation and renominated in December 1923, banknotes had amounts in the billions and trillions of marks by face value.

Orders of magnitude (numbers)
This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order of magnitude, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities, and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in English-speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.
2022 Ireland rugby union tour of New Zealand
In July 2022, Ireland played a 3 match test series against New Zealand as part of the 2022 mid-year rugby union internationals. Ireland also played two matches against the Māori All Blacks. This was Ireland's first tour since their tour to Australia in 2018, their first tour to New Zealand since 2012, and their first encounter against New Zealand since November 2021.

In the first test, at Auckland's Eden Park, New Zealand comfortably beat the visitors 42–19.

In the second test, in Dunedin, Ireland prevailed by 23–12 scoring their first victory against the All Blacks on New Zealand soil, and recorded their fourth win over New Zealand.

The following week Ireland became just the fifth touring side to achieve a series win in New Zealand, beating the All Blacks 32–22 in Wellington for a 2–1 series victory. The feat had only been previously accomplished by South Africa (1937), Australia (1949, 1986), the British & Irish Lions (1971), and France (1994).

2021 end-of-year rugby union internationals
The 2021 end of year rugby union tests, also referred to as the Autumn internationals in the Northern Hemisphere, were rugby union test matches during October and November 2021, mainly involving countries from the Northern Hemisphere hosting those from the Southern Hemisphere. These international games counted towards World Rugby's ranking system, with teams typically playing from two to four matches in this period.

Matches hosted by teams from the Six Nations Championship were branded the Autumn Nations Series for marketing purposes.
Hemavathi (film)
Hemavathi (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1977 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Siddalingaiah and produced by N. Veeraswamy, S. P. Varadaraj, J. Chandulal Jain and Siddalingaiah. The film stars G. V. Iyer, Udaykumar, C. H. Lokanath and Yoganarasimha.,Srinivasa murthy

S. Siddalingaiah
Siddalingaiah (15 December 1936 – 12 March 2015) was an Indian film director, scriptwriter and producer who worked mainly in the Kannada films. He was well known for his distinct film-making style, and the industry knew him as a master of social themes and rural subject matter. He was one of the most commercially successful directors in the Kannada industry. He began his film career in 1964 as a director with Mayor Muthanna (1969). In a career that spanned 30 years, he directed over 20 films.

His most well-known films usually starred matinee idol Rajkumar. They have collaborated 7 times. His most popular works include Bangaarada Manushya, Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu, Nyayave Devaru, Biligiriya Banadalli, Doorada Betta and Bhoolokadalli Yamaraja. In 1993, he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award for his contribution to the Kannada film industry as a director.
Collimonas fungivorans
Collimonas fungivorans is a species of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family which has antifungal activity
 against Aspergillus niger, for example. C. fungivorans has the ability to grow on living fungal hyphae.

Oxalobacteraceae
The Oxalobacteraceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Like all Pseudomonadota, Oxalobacteraceae are Gram-negative. The family includes strict aerobes, strict anaerobes, and nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) members. The cells are curved, vibroid, or straight rod-shaped.
Rustam Akhmedov
Rustam Urmanovich Akhmedov (Uzbek: Rustam Oʻrmanovich Ahmedov, Russian: Рустам Урманович Ахметов; 10 November 1943 – 12 October 2025) was an Uzbek military officer who was the first person to hold the post of Minister of Defence of Uzbekistan from 6 September 1991 to 29 September 1997.

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
Frenelopsis
Frenelopsis is a genus of extinct conifers belonging to the family Cheirolepidiaceae that lived throughout the Cretaceous period ranging from the Berriasian to the Maastrichtian stages, containing a total of 18 species. It is a form classification describing the shoots of the plant, and is accompanied by the genera Classopollis, Classostrobus, and Alvinia. These represent the pollen, male cones, and female cones respectively. They are likely to have been a major source of lignite in Cretaceous deposits.

Circumpolles
Circumpolles is a gymnosperm pollen type that is important in biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. It characterizes the time between the middle Triassic to the middle Cretaceous Periods. This pollen has a unique morphology: it has a circular, equatorial colpus, which divides the pollen grain into two hemispheres. Circumpolles is also unique as it is the only gymnosperm with well developed nexinal columellae.

Classopollis were produced by shrubs that tolerated semiarid conditions, and Classopollis is correlated with evaporites and are therefore associated with desert basins, but the shrubs may have also lived in xeric uplands.
Teemu Tainio
Teemu Mikael Tainio (born 27 November 1979) is a Finnish football coach and former player.

Tainio began his career with his local club, TP-47, before moving to FC Haka in 1996. A year later, he moved to France to play for Auxerre. After eight years there, he joined English club Tottenham Hotspur, where he spent three years before joining Sunderland. After a loan spell with Birmingham City during the 2009–10 season, he moved to Dutch club Ajax, before joining the New York Red Bulls in 2011. After two seasons in the United States, he returned to Finland to finish his career with HJK.

He mostly played in a variety of midfield positions during his career, and also at right-back under Juande Ramos at Tottenham.

Juande Ramos
Juan de la Cruz "Juande" Ramos Cano (born 25 September 1954) is a former Spanish footballer and manager.

After playing and managing at an amateur level, Ramos led Rayo Vallecano to promotion to La Liga, followed by reaching the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 2001. After brief spells in La Liga at Real Betis, Espanyol and Málaga, he took over at Sevilla in 2005. In two years at the club, he won the UEFA Cup  on two occasions, as well as the UEFA Super Cup in 2006, and also winning the Copa del Rey and Supercopa de España.

Ramos had a brief spell in England's Premier League, winning the Football League Cup at Tottenham Hotspur in 2008. He then managed Real Madrid, CSKA Moscow, Dnipro and Málaga again.
Selwyn G. Blaylock Medal
The Selwyn G. Blaylock Medal or Selwyn Blaylock Canadian Mining Excellence Award was established in 1948 and is awarded annually by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum to an individual that has demonstrated distinguished service to Canada through exceptional achievement in the field of mining, metallurgy, or geology.

The medal honours Selwyn G. Blaylock, one of the pioneers in the mining industry in western Canada. He was president of Cominco, recipient of several international awards for his work in metallurgy, and was the President of the Institute in 1934-35.

Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) is a not-for-profit technical society of professionals in the Canadian minerals, metals, materials and energy industries. CIM's  members are convened from industry, academia and government.
Jean d'Aulon
Jean d'Aulon (1390–1458; sometimes spelled Jehan Daulon) was a French knight and lord best known for serving alongside Jeanne d'Arc as her soldier, steward, bodyguard, and squire. Some sources incorrectly attribute the role of d'Arc's bodyguard to Gilles de Rais. d'Aulon was an avid and detailed journaler and his records, considered to be honest and straightforward, set the foundation for what we know about Jeanne d'Arc, including her apparent amenorrhea.

Siege of Orléans (1428–1429)
The siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) marked a turning point of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. The siege took place at the pinnacle of English power during the later stages of the war, but was repulsed by French forces inspired by the arrival of Joan of Arc. The French would then regain the initiative in the conflict and begin to recapture territories previously occupied by the English.

The city held strategic and symbolic significance to both sides of the conflict. The consensus among contemporaries was that the English regent, John of Lancaster, would have succeeded in realising his brother the English king Henry V's dream of conquering all of France if Orléans fell. For half a year the English and their Burgundian allies appeared to be on the verge of capturing the city, but the siege collapsed nine days after Joan of Arc arrived.
Évian Accords
The Évian Accords were a set of declarations between the French Government and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic on 18 March 1962 in Évian-les-Bains which outlined the agreements for Algeria's Independence alongside cooperation with France. The Accords consisted of five chapters which detailed the guarantees and principals of this Independence. The Accords ended the Algerian War with a cease-fire that was declared on the 19th March 1962, and effectively formalised the status of Algeria as an independent nation.

Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (Arabic: الحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية, ح م ج ج; French: Gouvernement provisoire de la République algérienne, GPRA) was the government-in-exile of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) during the latter part of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962).
Gulph Creek
Gulph Creek is a tributary of the Schuylkill River located in southeastern Pennsylvania. Approximately six miles long, it originates in Chester County, flows through Delaware County, and ends in Montgomery County. It is one of four watersheds in Radnor Township, the others being: Ithan Creek, Darby Creek, and Meadowbrook Run.

Meadowbrook Run
Meadowbrook Run (also known as Meadow Brook Creek) is a tributary of Ithan Creek in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.9 miles (3.1 km) long and flows through Radnor Township and Haverford Township.
The Companion (fairy tale)
"The Companion" (Norwegian: Følgesvennen) is a Norwegian fairy tale, published in Norwegian Folktales (1841–1844) by Asbjørnsen and Moe.

The tale follows a young boy who sets out to search for his dream princess. On the way, he ransoms a sinner who had been put into a block of ice. A short time thereafter, he meets a mysterious figure. This companion helps him through the hardships he must go through to win the princess.

Peter Christen Asbjørnsen
Peter Christen Asbjørnsen (15 January 1812 – 5 January 1885) was a Norwegian writer and scholar. He and Jørgen Engebretsen Moe were collectors of Norwegian folklore. They were so closely united in their lives' work that their folk tale collections are commonly mentioned only as "Asbjørnsen and Moe".
Estonian national road 10
National Road 10 (also known as Risti-Virtsu-Kuivastu-Kuressaare maantee; Risti-Virtsu-Kuivastu-Kuressaare highway) begins from Risti and branches off from the T9.
The Risti-Virtsu-Kuivastu-Kuressaare highway is the only national route to include a ferry crossing (between Muhu island and Estonian mainland). The road passes through Lääne and Saare County. The highway ends in Kuressaare on the intersection of the T76, T77 and T10.

Estonian national road 76
Tugimaantee 76 (ofcl. abbr. T76), also called the Kuressaare ring road (Estonian: Kuressaare ringtee), is the ring road of Kuressaare. The road starts on the southwest side of Kuressaare from the small borough of Nasva on national road 77 and ends on the south side of the town at the Roomassaare Harbour. The length of the road is 13.5 kilometers.

T76 runs all the way through Saaremaa Municipality.
Cheating at the Paralympic Games
Cheating at the Paralympic Games has caused scandals that have significantly changed the way in which the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) manages the events.

Testing for performance-enhancing drugs has become increasingly strict and more widespread throughout the Games, with powerlifting seeing the most positive results. Competitors without disabilities have also competed in some Paralympic Games, with the Spanish entry in the intellectually disabled basketball tournament at the 2000 Summer Paralympics being the most notorious.  It has been considered that intentionally misrepresenting a disability classification is as serious as drug use.

2002 Winter Paralympics
The 2002 Winter Paralympics, the eighth Paralympic Winter Games, were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, from 7 to 16 March 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent.
These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, China, Croatia, Greece, and Hungary. Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway won five gold medals in skiing and biathlon, becoming the most successful Winter Paralympic athlete of all time with 22 medals, 17 of them gold.
John Dunne (basketball)
John Dunne (born June 11, 1970) is an American college basketball coach and current head men's basketball coach at Marist College.

He was previously an assistant coach at Adelphi University under Steve Clifford and at Seton Hall University under Louis Orr. He also served as an assistant coach at Siena College.

Dunne was born in Queens, New York and attended Archbishop Molloy High School, where he also played basketball. He played at the collegiate level at Ithaca College.

Dunne was hired by Saint Peter's University as their men's basketball coach in 2006. While at Saint Peter's, he became the first coach in MAAC history to bring a No. 9 seed to the semifinals of the MAAC tournament, when Saint Peter's University beat No. 1 seeded Rider University 66–55 on March 2, 2018.

On April 3, 2018, Dunne was hired as the new coach for Marist College.

Saint Peter's University
Saint Peter's University is a private Jesuit university in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. Founded as Saint Peter's College in 1872 by the Society of Jesus, the university offers over 60 undergraduate and graduate programs to more than 3,600 undergraduate and 2,000 graduate students. Its mascot is the peacock and its sports teams play in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, of which it is a founding member.

The university is located on a 30-acre (0.12 km2) campus just south of Journal Square, which is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Manhattan. Alumni of the university include a Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, a U.S. Senator and members of the U.S. House of Representatives, federal judges, academics, physicians, and CEOs.
Troy Uncle Sam Trojans
The Troy Uncle Sam Trojans were a minor-league professional ice hockey team who competed in the Eastern Hockey League in the 1952-53 season.

Based out of Troy, New York, the Trojans were coached by player-coach Bill Moe, and led by Art Stone, who scored 52 goals and added 55 assists for a league-leading 107 points.  They also featured future Toronto Maple Leafs head coach John Brophy and future New York Rangers and brother of Gordie Howe Vic Howe.

The unique nickname was an amalgamation of Troy native Samuel Wilson's famous moniker "Uncle Sam", and "Trojans", the demonym for residents of Troy.

They finished 23-34-3, last in the five-team league, and folded at the end of the season.

Uncle Sam
Uncle Sam is a common national personification of the United States, depicting the federal government or the country as a whole. Since the early 19th century, Uncle Sam has been a popular symbol of the U.S. government in American culture and a manifestation of patriotic emotion. Uncle Sam has also developed notoriety for his appearance in military propaganda, made popular in 1917 World War I recruiting poster by James Montgomery Flagg.

According to legend, the character came into use during the War of 1812 and may have been named after Samuel Wilson. The actual origin is obscure. The first reference to Uncle Sam in formal literature (as distinct from newspapers) was in the 1816 allegorical book The Adventures of Uncle Sam, in Search After His Lost Honor.

While the figure of Uncle Sam specifically represents the government, the female figure of Columbia represents the United States as a nation. An archaic character, Brother Jonathan, was known to represent the American populace.
Zhejiang Jingsheng Mechanical & Electrical
Zhejiang Jingsheng Mechanical & Electrical (JSG; Chinese: 晶盛机电; pinyin: Jīngshèng Jīdiàn) is a publicly listed Chinese company that engages in the development and sale of semiconductor related equipment and materials such as Silicon carbide (SiC). It provides products and services to the  semiconductor and photovoltaic industries.

Applied Materials
Applied Materials, Inc. is an American corporation that supplies equipment, services and software for the manufacture of semiconductor (integrated circuit) chips for electronics, flat panel displays for computers, smartphones, televisions, and solar products. The company also supplies equipment to produce coatings for flexible electronics, packaging and other applications. The company is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and is the second largest supplier of semiconductor equipment in the world based on revenue behind Dutch company ASML.
Maldivian nationality law
Maldivian nationality law is contained in the provisions of the Maldivian Citizenship Act and in the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Maldives. A person may be a citizen of the Republic of the Maldives through birth, descent, marriage to a Maldivian citizen or through naturalisation.

Constitution of the Maldives
The Constitution of the Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީ, romanized: Dhivehiraajjeyge Qaanoonu Asaasee) is the supreme law of the Republic of Maldives. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the Republic of Maldives, sets out the rights and duties of the citizens of the Maldives, and defines the structure of the Government of the Maldives. The current Constitution of the Maldives was ratified by the then president, Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, on 7 August 2008, and came into effect immediately, replacing and repealing the Constitution of 1998.

The current constitution is known by its short title, Constitution of the Republic of Maldives, 2008.
2021 BMW Open
The 2021 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 105th edition of the event and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2021 ATP Tour. It took place at the MTTC Iphitos complex in Munich, Germany, from 26 April until 2 May 2021.

2021 ATP Tour
The 2021 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2021 tennis season. The 2021 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Finals, the ATP Masters 1000, the ATP Cup, the ATP 500 series and the ATP 250 series. Also included in the 2021 calendar were the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), the Summer Olympics in Tokyo (rescheduled from 2020), Next Gen ATP Finals, Laver Cup (postponed from 2020), none of which distributed ranking points. During this year also, several tournaments were cancelled or postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on both the ATP and WTA tours, thus making the season still pandemic-affected.
Holden Monaro 427C
The Holden Monaro 427C was an Australian built and designed GT style race car based on the Holden Monaro CV8 road car. The car ran in the Procar Australia-run Australian Nations Cup Championship and at the short-lived Bathurst 24 Hour race at the famous Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst.

Ferrari Dino engine
The Ferrari Dino engine is a line of mechanically similar V6 and V8 engines produced by Ferrari for about 40 years from the late 1950s into the early 2000s.

The idea for the engine came from Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari, who was the son of Enzo Ferrari. Dino suggested to Enzo Ferrari the development of a V6 engine for F2 at the end of 1955. Soon afterwards, Alfredo fell gravely ill, and he was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. While hospitalized, he discussed technical details about the engine with a recently hired engineer named Vittorio Jano. Dino would never live to see the engine; he died on June 30, 1956, at the age of 24.

The Dino V6 was Ferrari's first V6 engine. The Dino V8 engine was introduced later; the latter used a flat-plane crankshaft configuration.
Battle of Two Sisters
The Battle of Two Sisters was an engagement of the Falklands War during the British advance towards the capital, Port Stanley.  It took place from 11 to 12 June 1982 and was one of three battles in a Brigade-size operation all on the same night, the other two being the Battle of Mount Longdon and the Battle of Mount Harriet.  Fought mainly between an assaulting British force consisting of Royal Marines of 45 Commando and an Argentine Company drawn from 4th Infantry Regiment (Regimiento de Infantería 4 or RI 4).

One of a number of night battles that took place during the British advance towards Stanley, the battle led to British troops capturing all the heights above the town, allowing its capture and the surrender of the Argentine forces on the islands.

Mountain Leader Training Cadre
The Mountain Leader Training Cadre is a training element of the United Kingdom's Royal Marines which provides instruction in mountain warfare, arctic warfare, cold weather survival and operations, and cliff assault. The cadre has a permanent staff of mountain and arctic warfare instructors and trains mountain leaders for employment in the formations of the corps. The cadre is part of the Mountain Leader and ISTAR Company within Specialist Wing of the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines and is based in Lympstone.