hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statistical theory
The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy  the basic principles stated for these different approaches. Within a given approach, statistical theory gives ways of comparing statistical procedures; it can find the  best possible procedure within a given context for given statistical problems, or can provide guidance on the choice between alternative procedures.

Apart from philosophical considerations about how to make statistical inferences and decisions, much of statistical theory consists of mathematical statistics, and is closely linked to probability theory, to utility theory, and to optimization.

Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.
Sevno, Novo Mesto
Sevno (pronounced [ˈseːu̯nɔ]) is a settlement northeast of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Aulne, Kansas
Aulne is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Kansas, United States.  The Aulne name was suggested by officials of the railroad when it was built through Aulne during the 19th century.  It is located southwest of Marion at the intersection of Pawnee Road and 140th Street, adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad.

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Naworth Castle
Naworth Castle, also known or recorded in historical documents as "Naward", is a castle in Cumbria, England, near the town of Brampton. It is adjacent to the A69 road from Newcastle upon Tyne to Carlisle, about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Brampton. It is on the opposite side of the River Irthing to, and just within sight of, Lanercost Priory where the Dacre and Howard families are buried or have their memorials, although some are buried at Carlisle Cathedral. Naworth was the seat of the Barons Dacre and is now that of their cognatic descendants, the Earls of Carlisle, who belong to the prominent Howard family. It is a Grade I listed building and was an impregnable fortress for the Dacres, where they retreated in times of trouble.

Brampton, Carlisle
Brampton is a market town and civil parish in the Cumberland unitary authority of Cumbria, England. It is 9 miles (14 km) east of Carlisle and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Hadrian's Wall. Historically part of Cumberland, it is situated off the A69 road which bypasses it.

St Martin's Church is famous as the only church designed by the Pre-Raphaelite architect Philip Webb, and contains one of the most exquisite sets of stained glass windows designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones, and executed in the William Morris studio.
Torovirus
Torovirus is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales and family Tobaniviridae. They primarily infect vertebrates, especially cattle, pigs, and horses. Diseases associated with this genus include gastroenteritis, which commonly presents in mammals. Torovirus is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Torovirinae.

The discovery of the first torovirus can be traced back to 1970s. Equine torovirus (EToV) was accidentally found in the rectal sample from a horse who was experiencing severe diarrhea. The 'Breda' bovine torovirus was later found in 1979 while investigation in a dairy farm in Breda. They had several calves experiencing severe diarrhea for months. In 1984, torovirus-like particles were detected with electron microscope (EM) technique in the human patients with gastroenteritis.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DdRP), which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps.
Wayne Edwards (racing driver)
Wayne Edwards (born June 23, 1967) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He has driven for numerous teams over the past eight years. He is not related to fellow stock car driver Carl Edwards despite having the same last name.

Carl Edwards
Carl Michael Edwards Jr. (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and a current analyst for NASCAR on Prime Video.

He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing from 2005–2014. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate his victories. In 2023, he was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers, and in 2025, he was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.
VP-43
VP-43 was a patrol squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 28 (VP-28) on 1 July 1944, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 28 (VPB-28) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 28 (VP-28) on 25 June 1946, redesignated Medium Patrol Squadron (Seaplane) 3 (VP-MS-3) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Patrol Squadron 43 (VP-43) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 31 March 1949. It was the third squadron to be designated VP-43, the first VP-43 was redesignated VP-81 on 1 July 1941 and the second VP-43 was redesignated VPB-43 on 1 October 1944.

VPB-43
VPB-43 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 43 (VP-43) on 21 July 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 43 (VPB-43) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 15 September 1945.
Exoskeleton car
Exoskeleton car (also known as an exoskeletal car) is a type of automobile whose structural frame is exposed. They are typically made of  steel, aluminum or carbon fiber tubes. The body styles are open-wheel sports cars, with wheels mounted outside of the main body, each covered by its own lightweight mudguard, usually carried as unsprung weight supported on the hub carrier. The chassis generally consists of four longitudinal tubes, two on each side, inboard of the wheels. These main chassis tubes are reinforced by smaller diagonal or vertical tubes.

Dune buggy
A dune buggy, also known as a beach buggy, is a recreational off-road vehicle with large wheels, and wide tires, designed for use on sand dunes, beaches, off-road or desert recreation. The design is usually a topless vehicle with a rear-mounted engine. A dune buggy can be created by modifying an existing vehicle or custom-building a new vehicle.
Peter Wakker
Peter P. Wakker (/ˈvɑːkər/; born March 16, 1956) is a Dutch economist. He is a professor of Behavioral Economics at the Erasmus School of Economics, in Rotterdam, and a research fellow at the Tinbergen Institute. He is considered one of most important researchers in the fields of behavioral economics and decision theory.

Wakker's research within behavioral economics is mostly related to understanding our attitudes towards uncertainty, risk and  ambiguity. He has also done research in axiomatic decision theory, in particular related to the  utility representation of preferences. In both of those fields, Wakker has done both  theoretical and  experimental work.

Tilburg University
Tilburg University is a Catholic research university specializing in the social and behavioral sciences, economics, law, business sciences, theology and humanities, located in Tilburg, Netherlands.

Tilburg  has a student population of about 19,150 students. Tilburg University has 67 Bachelors & Master's programs. Tilburg University has a PhD population of about 1,000 PhDs and awards approximately 99 PhDs per year. In 2024, the university had over 97,000 alumni. The university has over 3,000 FTE staff members, of which 57% are academic staff.
Rithum
Rithum (formerly CommerceHub and ChannelAdvisor) is an online commerce operations software company that provides tools for brands and retailers to manage product listings, inventory and order workflows, and performance reporting across multiple ecommerce channels. The company operates a partner network that connects brands to marketplaces and retail sites, and supports integrations used for marketplace and drop-ship programs.

Order fulfillment
Order fulfilment (in American English: order fulfillment) is in the most general sense the complete process from point of sales enquiry to delivery of a product to the customer. Sometimes, it describes the more narrow act of distribution or the logistics function. In the broader sense, it refers to the way firms respond to customer orders.
Sunay Erdem
Sunay Erdem (born 17 March 1971) is a Turkish landscape architect (by degree) and self-taught architect. Sunay Erdem founded Erdem Architects with his brother, Günay Erdem, in 1998.

Sunay Erdem designed many urban design projects in more than 40 different countries. Erdem has been using the free-hand sketching method since 1992 and he has more than 700 free-hand perspectives. His water colored sketch won the first prize in the 2013 Sketch Showdown Competition, Mixed Media which was organized by Philadelphia Center for Architecture. He won Turkish National Architecture Award in the category Presentation of Ideas (2010). Sunay Erdem also won the Turkish National Landscape Architecture Awards in 2009, 2010 and 2013 which were given by the Chamber of Landscape Architects in Turkey. One of the important projects developed by Sunay Erdem is the wall project for the US-Mexico border.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
InterVideo WinDVR
InterVideo WinDVR is a commercial digital video recorder (DVR) software package for Windows operating systems. It allows PCs to work as a TV set and a DVR at the same time, using a hardware-based TV turner card. It has an integrated electronic program guide (EPG) that is updated via the Internet.
Its direct competition came from CyberLink PowerVCR.

In 2003 InterVideo posted a replacement product named WinDVD Recorder 4.5, offering discounts to the users by upgrading from WinDVR 3 or WinDVD Player 4. However, WinDVD Recorder is not compatible with Windows 98SE or ME (only 2000 and XP are supported). This is the reason WinDVR continued being sold, although without any further updates.

In 2006, InterVideo, the creator of WinDVD Recorder, was acquired by Corel Corporation. WinDVD Recorder has been discontinued, and no direct replacement has been announced. The last WinDVD Recorder version was 5.2.

Hard disk recorder
A hard disk recorder (HDR) is a system that uses a high-capacity hard disk to record digital audio or digital video.  Hard disk recording systems represent an alternative to reel-to-reel audio tape recording and video tape recorders, and provide non-linear editing capabilities unavailable using tape recorders.  Audio HDR systems, which can be standalone or computer-based, are typically combined with provisions for digital mixing and processing of the audio signal to produce a digital audio workstation (DAW).

Direct-to-disk recording (DDR) refers to methods which may also use optical disc recording technologies such as DVD, and Compact disc.
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Valenciennes
The musée des beaux-arts de Valenciennes is a municipal museum in the French town of Valenciennes. Its collections originated as the collection of the Académie valenciennoise de peinture et de sculpture. It opened to the public for the first time in 1801 and was moved into the Hôtel de Ville in 1834. A competition to design a new building was held at the end of the 19th century, won by Paul Dusart. The new building was opened on 27 June 1909 and in 1995 was totally renovated and the display space expanded, with the addition of a basement displaying archaeological remains and artefacts.

As well as paintings, it includes several sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827–1875).

Marinus van Reymerswaele
Marinus van Reymerswaele or Marinus van Reymerswale  (c. 1490 – c. 1546) was a Dutch Renaissance painter mainly known for his genre scenes and religious compositions. After studying in Leuven and training and working as an artist in Antwerp, he returned later to work in his native Northern Netherlands.  He operated a large workshop which produced many versions of mainly four themes: tax collectors, a money changer and his wife, a lawyer in his office, the calling of St. Matthew and St. Jerome in his study.
Periciazine
Periciazine (INN), also known as pericyazine (BAN) or propericiazine, is a drug that belongs to the phenothiazine class of typical antipsychotics.

Periciazine is not approved for sale in the United States. It is commonly sold in Canada, Italy and Russia under the tradename Neuleptil and in United Kingdom and Australia under the tradename Neulactil.

Phenothiazine
Phenothiazine, abbreviated PTZ, is an organic compound that has the formula S(C6H4)2NH and is related to the thiazine-class of heterocyclic compounds.  Derivatives of phenothiazine are highly bioactive and have widespread use.

The derivatives chlorpromazine and promethazine revolutionized the fields of psychiatry and allergy treatment, respectively. An earlier derivative, methylene blue, was one of the first antimalarial drugs, and derivatives of phenothiazine are currently under investigation as possible anti-infective drugs.  Phenothiazine is a prototypical pharmaceutical lead structure in medicinal chemistry.
Parshvanatha temple, Khajuraho
Parshvanatha temple (IAST: Pārśvanātha Mandir) is a 10th-century Digambara Jain temple at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is now dedicated to Parshvanatha, although it was probably built as an Adinatha shrine during the Chandela period. Despite the temple's Jain affiliation, its exterior walls feature Vaishnavaite themes. The entrance has an inscription with a most-perfect magic square. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other temples in the Khajuraho Group of Monuments, because of its outstanding art, architecture, and testimony of the Chandela period.

Khajuraho
Khajuraho (pronunciationⓘ) is a city, near Chhatarpur in Chhatarpur district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the country's largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculptures. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 and is considered one of the "seven wonders" of India. The town's name, anciently "Kharjuravahaka", is derived from the Sanskrit word kharjur meaning "date palm".
South Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
South Kalgoorlie is a residential suburb of Kalgoorlie, a city in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia.

It contains Kalgoorlie–Boulder Community High School and John Paul College, Kalgoorlie.

Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie (/ˈkælˌɡʊːɹli/ kal-GOOR-LEE), also known as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located 595 km (370 mi) east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder as the surrounding urban area includes the historic townsite of Boulder and the local government area is the City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder.

Kalgoorlie–Boulder lies on the traditional lands of the Wongatha People. The city was established in 1893 during the Western Australian gold rushes. It soon replaced Coolgardie as the largest settlement on the Eastern Goldfields. Kalgoorlie is the ultimate destination of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme and the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail. The nearby Super Pit gold mine was Australia's largest open-cut gold mine for many years.

During August 2021, Kalgoorlie–Boulder had an estimated urban population of 29,072, a slight decline from the recent peak of 32,966 in 2013.
2012 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2012 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament began on March 3 and continued through March 7. The regular-season champion Montana Grizzlies won the tournament and with it an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

Unlike many NCAA Division I conferences, the Big Sky does not invite all of its teams to its postseason tournament—only the top six teams in regular-season play qualify. The top two teams receive a bye into the semifinals, and the field is reseeded after the first round so that the 1 seed plays the lowest remaining seed.

The tournament's first round, involving the 3 through 6 seeds, was played on campus sites, specifically the home arenas of the 3 and 4 seeds—respectively the Peter Stott Center in Portland, Oregon, home to the Portland State Vikings, and Reese Court in Cheney, Washington, home to the Eastern Washington Eagles. The semifinals and championship were at Montana's home of Dahlberg Arena in Missoula.

Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament
The Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament is the conference championship tournament in men's basketball for the Big Sky Conference. The event has been held annually since 1976, the conference's thirteenth year.

The tournament winner earns a berth in the NCAA Division I tournament.
Bamingui-Bangoran
Bamingui-Bangoran is one of the 20 prefectures of the Central African Republic. It covers an area of 58,200 km2 and had a population of 43,229 as of the 2003 census. The capital is Ndélé. In 2024, official estimates suggest the population reached 85,472 inhabitants.

The Bamingui-Bangoran National Park and Biosphere Reserve is in the prefecture.

Bamingui-Bangoran National Park and Biosphere Reserve
The Bamingui-Bangoran National Park complex is a national park and biosphere reserve located in the northern region of the Central African Republic. It makes up part of the Guinea-Congo Forest biome. The Vassako Bolo Strict Nature Reserve is in the midst of the park.
Wilson Fuel
The Wilson Fuel Company Limited, often shortened to Wilson Fuel, is an independent petroleum wholesaler, distributor and retailer headquartered in Truro, Nova Scotia.

Its retail network included locations branded under the Wilsons Gas Stops and Go! Store brands, most of which supplied by Imperial Oil.

In July 2021, Quebec based Couche-Tard announced an agreement to purchase Wilson's retail gasoline/convenience store network and marine fuel terminal, for an undisclosed amount, pending approval by the Competition Bureau. Wilson Home Heating, Wilson Security, Kerr Controls and Ski Wentworth were not involved in the deal. The acquisition was completed in 2023; Couche-Tard was ordered to divest some of the acquired assets, and reached an agreement to sell 52 locations to Quebecois company Harnois Énergies.

Truro, Nova Scotia
Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain, close to the river's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay.
Kin-iro Mosaic
Kiniro Mosaic (Japanese: きんいろモザイク, Hepburn: Kin'iro Mozaiku; lit. "Golden Mosaic"), also known by the abbreviation Kinmoza (きんモザ), is a Japanese four-panel manga written and illustrated by Yui Hara. The series began serialization in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Max magazine in June 2010 issue and is licensed in English by Yen Press. An anime television adaptation by Studio Gokumi aired in Japan between July and September 2013, with a second season airing between April and June 2015. An original video animation was released in November 2016, and an anime film premiered on August 20, 2021.

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.
Div-e Sepid
In the Persian epic of Shahnameh Div-e Sepid (Persian: دیو سپید[dēw-i səpēd], lit. White Div), is the chieftain of the Divs (demons) of Mazandaran. He is a huge being. He possesses great physical strength and is skilled in sorcery and necromancy. He destroys the army of Kay Kavus by conjuring a dark storm of hail, boulders, and tree trunks using his magical skills. He then captures Kay Kavus, his commanders, and paladins; blinds them, and imprisons them in a dungeon. The greatest Persian mythical hero Rostam undertakes his "Seven Labors" to free his sovereign. At the end, Rostam slays Div-e Sepid and uses his heart and blood to cure the blindness of the king and the captured Persian heroes. Rostam also takes the Div's head as a helmet and is often pictured wearing it.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.