hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathartic
In medicine, a cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation. This is similar to a laxative, which is a substance that eases defecation, usually by softening feces. It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathartic. However, agents such as psyllium seed husks increase the bulk of the feces.

Cathartics such as sorbitol, magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate, or sodium sulfate were previously used as a form of gastrointestinal decontamination following poisoning via ingestion. They are no longer routinely recommended for poisonings.  High-dose cathartics may be an effective means of ridding the lower gastrointestinal tract of toxins; however, they carry a risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.  Catharsis can be an effect of pesticide poisonings, such as with elemental sulfur.

Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation.

Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea. Some laxatives combine more than one active ingredient, and may be administered orally or rectally.
Approved Driving Instructors National Joint Council
The Approved Driving Instructors National Joint Council (ADINJC) is a British organisation to bring together associations of local driving instructors, to allow driving instructors to act as a unified body when needed.

It is composed of a number of smaller local driving instructors' association, each of which has a vote at larger meetings.

Driving instructor
A driving instructor is a person who is hired by a new driver who is learning how to improve their skills - often for an upcoming practical test. Different countries have different rules regarding permits and other regulations. Driving instructors have several tasks such as teaching new drivers the theory and techniques needed to carefully operate various types of vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. A driving instructor has several names and can be recognized as: auto driving instructor, educator, instructor, teacher, driver trainer or truck driving instructor.
San Antonio de los Buenos
San Antonio de los Buenos is a borough of the municipality of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico.

San Antonio de los Buenos borough lies southwest of the city center and Sánchez Taboada boroughs and east of Playas de Tijuana. Blvd. de los Fundadores and Periférico are major thoroughfares.
Monte San Antonio lies in this borough and it's the highest part of Tijuana, so high that most TV and Radio anthennas for the largest broadcasting networks in Mexico have installations there as well as some US ones.

Centro (borough)
Centro is a borough of the municipality of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico. It is the main historical and economic borough  of Tijuana.

Delegación Centro includes the old downtown, or Zona Centro, the new business district (Zona Río), Zona Norte (the red-light district), Agua Caliente, and other adjacent neighborhoods ("zonas"). This is the historical midpoint of Tijuana; City Hall is located here as well as most of the tourist areas such as Avenida Revolución, and the business districts. The Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT for CEntro CUltural de Tijuana) and Plaza Río, until recently the largest mall in the state, are both located here in the Zona Río.
Little Totara River
The Little Totara River is a river of the northwest  of New Zealand's South Island. It rises on the northern slopes of Mount Euclid in the Paparoa Range, flowing northwest to its confluence with the Tōtara River at the latter's mouth on the Tasman Sea seven kilometres north of Charleston.

It was designated as a nationally protected area in 1987 by the Department of Conservation.

Charleston, New Zealand
Charleston is a village in the South Island of New Zealand, located 30 km south of Westport on the west coast. It was founded as a goldmining town after a major goldrush in 1867, and is now an adventure tourist village noted for its extensive limestone caves and caving experiences. Guided tours of the nearby Metro Cave / Te Ananui Cave are operated out of Charleston and travel up the Waitakere / Nile River valley.
Jaromír Štětina
Jaromír Štětina (6 April 1943 – 17 April 2025) was a Czech journalist, writer and politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2014 to 2019 for the Czech Republic, representing TOP 09. He was also known as a war correspondent from the conflict areas of the former Soviet Union countries.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
Strawberry Lake (Oregon)
Strawberry Lake is a natural high-elevation body of water in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in the Malheur National Forest about 10 miles (16 km) south of Prairie City in Grant County, the shallow lake covers about 36 acres (150,000 m2) surrounded by forest. Recreational activities in the lake basin include hiking, backpacking, skiing, and fishing.

Strawberry Mountain (Oregon)
Strawberry Mountain is the highest peak in the Strawberry Mountains of eastern Oregon in the United States. It is the 30th highest point in Oregon. It is in the Malheur National Forest and is the most prominent feature of the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness.
John of Valamo
Schema-Igumen John (Russian: Схиигумен Иоанн, Finnish: Skeemaigumeeni Johannes, born Ivan Alekseyevich Alekseyev, Russian: Иван Алексеевич Алексеев; 26 February 1873, village Gubka, Novotorzhsky Uyezd, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire – 5 June 1958, New Valamo, Heinävesi, Finland), canonized as St. John of Valamo (Finnish: Johannes Valamolainen, Russian: Иоанн Валаамский), was a monk in both Old Valamo and New Valamo and the head of the Petsamo Monastery. Some of his letters, containing many pieces of spiritual advice have been published in English in a book called  Christ in Our Midst. Letters from a Russian Monk.

Paul Olmari
Archbishop Paul (Finnish: Arkkipiispa Paavali, secular name Yrjö Olmari, born Georgi Alvovich Gusev, Russian: Георгий Алвович Гусев; August 28, 1914 – December 2, 1988) was the primate of the Orthodox Church of Finland and Archbishop of Karelia and All Finland from 1960 to 1987.
Rosemary Squire
Dame Rosemary Anne Squire, DBE (born 27 May 1956) is a British commercial theatre owner and entrepreneur. She is the founder of the Ambassador Theatre Group (ATG) LTD, and co-founder of Trafalgar Entertainment.

A Day in the Death of Joe Egg
A Day in the Death of Joe Egg is a 1967 play by the English playwright Peter Nichols, first staged at the Citizens Theatre in Glasgow, Scotland, before transferring to the Comedy Theatre in London's West End.
Redbanks, South Australia
Redbanks is a town and locality in South Australia's lower Mid North. The boundaries were formally established in June 1997 for "the long established name".

Redbanks is located on the Gawler to Mallala road (Redbanks Road), east of the bridge over the Light River. Redbanks Post Office opened in November 1868 and closed in March 1971. Redbanks Wesleyan Methodist church was built in 1867. It closed early in the 20th century, but reopened before being replaced by a new Methodist church closer to the town in 1934. The older building was demolished around 1950, and the stone was used in the new church hall. The new Methodist Church opened on 29 July 1934. It closed in August 1964.

Mallala, South Australia
Mallala (/ˈmæləlɑː/ mal-ə-LAH) is a township and locality in the Australian state of South Australia 62 kilometres (39 mi) by road north of the state capital of Adelaide. The name is thought to be derived from the Kaurna word madlala or madlola, meaning "place of the ground frog". In the 2021 census, the wider Mallala locality had a population of 1042, of whom 887 lived in the township.
Fire from Heaven
Fire from Heaven is a 1969 historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great. It reportedly was a major inspiration for the Oliver Stone film Alexander. The book was nominated for the "Lost Man Booker Prize" of 1970, "a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgeling competition's rules", but lost out to Troubles by J. G. Farrell.

Leonidas of Epirus
Leonidas of Epirus (Greek: Λεωνίδας ο Ηπειρώτης) or Leuconides (Greek: Λευκονίδης), was a tutor of Alexander the Great. A kinsman of Alexander's mother, Olympias, he was entrusted with the main superintendence of Alexander's education in his earlier years, apparently before he became a student of Aristotle.
Atlantic City Express Service
The Atlantic City Express Service (ACES) was an inter-city rail service, operating from February 2009 until September 2011. It was operated by New Jersey Transit under contract and funded by the Casino Reinvestment Development Authority, with support from the Borgata, Caesars, and Harrah's casinos. The train provided summer seasonal service between New York City and Atlantic City three days a week, operating along the Northeast Corridor and Atlantic City Line. The train was formally cancelled on March 9, 2012.

NJ Transit Rail Operations
NJ Transit Rail Operations (reporting mark NJTR) is the rail division of NJ Transit. It operates commuter rail service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken, and Newark. NJ Transit also operates rail service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. The commuter rail lines saw 59,447,200 riders in 2024, making it the third-busiest commuter railroad in North America and the longest commuter rail system in North America by route length.
Old State Road Bridge
Old State Road Bridge is a historic Pratt Pony Truss bridge over the Ausable River at AuSable Chasm and Chesterfield in Clinton and Essex County, New York.  It was built in 1890.  The bridge is 107 feet (32.6 m) in length, 23 feet (7 m) wide, and 10 feet (3 m) in height.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Ausable River (New York)
The Ausable River (/ɔːˈseɪbəl/), also known as AuSable River and originally written as "Au Sable", runs in the U.S. state of New York, from the Adirondack Mountains and past the village of Lake Placid and Au Sable Forks to empty into Lake Champlain (at 44°33′40″N 73°25′25″W﻿ / ﻿44.56111°N 73.42361°W﻿ / 44.56111; -73.42361). It has an East and West branch that join at Au Sable Forks.  The river forms a partial boundary between Clinton County and Essex County.  The Ausable River is known for its gorge, Ausable Chasm, located a few miles east of Keeseville.

The Ausable River is 94 miles (150 km) long and drains a watershed of 516 square miles (1,340 km2).

It was originally named "Au Sable" (French for "sandy") by Samuel de Champlain when he first explored the region in 1609 because of its extensive sandy delta.
Marman clamp
A Marman clamp is a type of heavy-duty band clamp; it allows two cylindrical objects to be clamped together end-to-end with a ring clamp. It is sometimes also known as a "Marman ring".  It consists of a circular strap with an interior V-shaped groove.  Tension is applied to the strap with a threaded bolt and nuts connecting to the ends of the strap.  As the circumferential tension increases, the V-groove wedges over flanges on the circular parts to be assembled, providing the axial force that holds the ends of the two cylinders together. The Marman clamp is an alternative to a bolted flange connection which  would be heavier and require more labor to connect. Another variety uses a flat strap, used where systems carry low pressure or to hold a cylindrical object in position.

Band clamp
A band clamp is a generic term for a holding device usually consisting of a strap of metal or cloth formed into a loop, with a mechanism to forcibly adjust the diameter, thereby exerting a squeezing force on an object within the loop.

One type of band clamp known as a web clamp has a band usually made of nylon type cloth webbing. It can slip and stretch around irregularly shaped objects such as frames, packages, skids or even trailer loads.

Clamping pressure is applied either through a mechanical method such as a screw or ratchet mechanism that tightens the band, or through the elastic nature of the band material itself. There are a range of styles of band clamp available for purchase, in particular the type used for framing as described above. Other web clamps include ratchet straps.
Saber (software)
Saber is a general purpose simulation program from Synopsys, Inc. It was originally developed by Analogy, Inc.; which was bought by Avanti Corporation in 2000; that was then bought by Synopsys, Inc.

Saber began as a single-kernel analog simulation technology which brought VHDL-AMS, Verilog-AMS, SPICE, and the Saber-MAST language into a single environment. Saber was coupled to digital simulators via the Calaveras algorithm.

Synopsys
Synopsys, Inc. is an American multinational electronic design automation (EDA) company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, that focuses on design and verification of silicon chips, electronic system-level design and verification, and reusable components (intellectual property). Synopsys supplies tools and services to the semiconductor design and manufacturing industry. Products include tools for implementation of digital and analog circuits, simulators, and debugging environments that assist in the design of chips and computer systems. In 2024, Synopsys was listed as the 12th largest software company in the world.
Federation of Chemistry
The Federation of Chemistry (Italian: Federazione Chimici, Federchimi) was a trade union representing workers in chemical and related industries in Italy.

The union was founded in 1950, as the Federation of Chemical, Oil and Gas Workers, by Christian democrats who had recently left the Italian Federation of Chemical Workers.  It claimed 44,239 members in 1954.  By 1957, it was the Federation of Chemical and Petroleum Workers, with four affiliates: the Union of Chemical Workers, the Union of Oil and Gas Workers, the National Union of Glass and Ceramic Workers, and the National Union of Nuclear Industry Workers.  It affiliated to the Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions, and to the International Federation of Chemical and General Workers' Unions.

By 1981, the union had 114,415 members.  That year, it merged with the Federation of Energy, to form the Federation of Energy, Resource, Chemical and Related Workers.

Italian Confederation of Trades Unions
The Italian Confederation of Trades Unions (Italian: Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori, pronounced [koɱfederatˈtsjoːne itaˈljaːna sindaˈkaːti lavoraˈtoːri]; CISL [tʃizl]) is a national trade union centre in Italy representing various Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy party.

It was founded on 30 April 1950, when Catholics in the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) left after they clashed with the Italian Communist Party on the issue of a general strike provoked by the latter. Like the French Force Ouvrière (FO) union, it received financial support from Irving Brown, leader of the international relations of the US AFL–CIO and a CIA contractee.
Miandetta, New South Wales
Miandetta is a locality in the Bogan Shire, within the Orana region, of New South Wales, Australia. There was once a small settlement, also known as Miandetta. The locality had a population of 23, in 2021.

Bogan Shire
Bogan Shire is a local government area in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Mitchell and Barrier highways and its only significant town is Nyngan.

The Municipality of Nyngan was proclaimed on 17 February 1891 with Nyngan having a population of 1,355. Bogan Shire was proclaimed on 7 May 1906. Bogan Shire absorbed the Municipality of Nyngan on 1 January 1972.

The mayor of Bogan Shire Council is Cr. Glen Neill, who is unaligned with any political party.
Cabinet reshuffle
A cabinet reshuffle or shuffle occurs when a head of government rotates or changes the composition of ministers in their cabinet, or when the head of state changes the head of government and a number of ministers. They are more common in parliamentary systems than in systems where cabinet heads must be confirmed by a separate legislative body, and occur frequently in autocratic systems.

A shadow cabinet reshuffle may take place to change positions in a shadow cabinet.

2025 Philippine cabinet reshuffle
Following unfavorable results in the 2025 Philippine midterm elections, President Bongbong Marcos issued a directive on May 22, 2025, asking for the courtesy resignations of his cabinet secretaries, heads of agencies, presidential advisers, undersecretaries, assistant secretaries, regional directors, provincial directors, etc.

This was the first cabinet reshuffle in the Philippines since the Hello Garci scandal under then president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
Super Weekend at the Brickyard
Kroger Super Weekend at the Brickyard was a series of auto races held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in late July, surrounding the annual Brickyard 400. The weekend of events included the following races:

NASCAR Xfinity Series — Pennzoil 250

NASCAR Cup Series — Brickyard 400

The naming rights are owned by grocery chain Kroger.

Grand-Am Road Racing
Grand-Am Road Racing or Grand-Am was an auto racing sanctioning body that was established in 1999 to organize road racing competitions in North America. Its primary focus was the Rolex Sports Car Series, an endurance racing championship series. It sanctioned five auto racing series. The series announced in September 2012 that it would be merging with the American Le Mans Series, which had been Grand-Am's main US competitor since its inception. The two series fully merged in 2014 under the banner of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, with the International Motor Sports Association.
Tammy Leitner
Tamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972) is an American network correspondent and investigative TV reporter. The journalist won a George Foster Peabody and Edward R. Murrow for the documentary Toxic Secrets. She also won 12 Emmys for investigative news stories and co-founded Volition Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.

Edward R. Murrow
Edward Roscoe Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent.

He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe for the news division of CBS. During the war he recruited and worked closely with a team of war correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys. A pioneer of radio and television news broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of reports on his television program See It Now which helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss, Bill Downs, Dan Rather, and Alexander Kendrick consider Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures. Murrow's life has been dramatized in several films, including Good Night, and Good Luck, which takes its name from the signature sign-off phrase Murrow used to end many of his wartime broadcasts.
Flanagan Brothers
The Flanagan Brothers were an Irish American band formed in the 1920s which consisted of brothers Michael, Joseph, and Louis Flanagan. Their choice of instruments and related skill gave them a unique sound, which led them to become one of the leading attractions in New York City's Irish dancehalls during the 1920s and 1930s. Subsequently, their phonograph records extended their popularity and fame to Ireland proper and into the homes of Irish emigrants throughout the world.

Topic Records
Topic Records is a British folk music label, which played a major role in the second British folk revival. It began as an offshoot of the Workers' Music Association in 1939, making it the oldest independent record label in the world.
2013 Danmark Rundt
The 2013 Danmark Rundt was a men's road bicycle race held from 31 July to 4 August 2013. It was the 23rd edition of the men's stage race, which was established in 1985. The race was rated as a 2.HC event and formed part of the 2013 UCI Europe Tour.

The race was won by Dutch rider Wilco Kelderman of the Belkin Pro Cycling Team with Danish riders Lars Bak of Lotto–Belisol and Matti Breschel of Team Saxo–Tinkoff finishing second and third.

The race was made up of six stages over five days and covered a total of 837 kilometres (520 mi), including an individual time trial. It featured sixteen teams, including seven UCI Pro teams.

2013 UCI Europe Tour
The 2013 UCI Europe Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2013 season began on 27 January 2013 with the Grand Prix Cycliste la Marseillaise and ended on 20 October 2013 with the Chrono des Nations.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. John Degenkolb of Germany was the defending champion of the 2012 UCI Europe Tour. Riccardo Zoidl of Austria was crowned as the 2013 UCI Europe Tour.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2
2021 Gribskov municipal election
Prior to the 2017 election, only the Conservatives
and Venstre had held the mayor's position in the municipality. However, in the 2017 election, local party Nytgribskov had managed to win the mayor's position after an agreement with the Social Democrats and the Red–Green Alliance.

In this election, Conservatives would become the largest party, the first time for the party in the municipality. However, Bent Hansen from Venstre managed to get a majority supporting him as the mayor. The agreement would be with the Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, Nytgribskov, the Green Left and Red–Green Alliance.

2017 Danish local elections
Local elections were held on 21 November 2017 for Denmark's 98 municipal councils and five regional councils. All 2,432 seats were contested for the 2018–21 term of office, together with 205 seats (a fixed number of 41 seats in each council) in five regional councils. In the previous election, there were 2,444 seats in the municipal councils.