hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children or EMLc), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.

The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio.

The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is in its 10th edition as of 2025.

Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.

Deferoxamine
Deferoxamine (DFOA), also known as desferrioxamine and sold under the brand name Desferal, is a medication that binds iron and aluminium. It is specifically used in iron overdose, hemochromatosis either due to multiple blood transfusions or an underlying genetic condition, and aluminium toxicity in people on dialysis. It is used by injection into a muscle, vein, or under the skin.

Common side effects include pain at the site of injection, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, hearing loss, and eye problems. Severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis and low blood pressure may occur. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe for the baby. Deferoxamine is a siderophore from the bacteria Streptomyces pilosus.

Deferoxamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1968. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Paul S. Newman
Paul S. Newman (April 29, 1924 – May 30, 1999) was an American writer of comic books, comic strips, and books, whose career spanned the 1940s to the 1990s. Credited in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most prolific comic-book writer, with more than 4,100 published stories totaling approximately 36,000 pages, he is otherwise best known for scripting the comic-book series Turok for 26 years.

Western Publishing
Western Publishing, also known as Western Printing and Lithographing Company, was an American company founded in 1907 in Racine, Wisconsin, best known for publishing the Little Golden Books. Its Golden Books Family Entertainment division also produced children's books and family-related entertainment products. The company had editorial offices in New York City and Los Angeles, California. Western Publishing became Golden Books Family Entertainment in 1996.

Golden Books Family Entertainment was eventually acquired jointly by Classic Media, owner of the catalog of United Productions of America (UPA), and book publisher Random House in a bankruptcy auction in 2001. Little Golden Books remains as an imprint of Penguin Random House. Golden Guides and Golden Field Guides are published by St. Martin's Press.
Mochokiella paynei
Mochokiella paynei is the only species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the genus Mochokiella of the family Mochokidae. This species is only known from the type locality, the Kassawe Forest Reserve in Sierra Leone. This oviparous fish grows to 3.6 centimetres (1.4 in) SL.

Mochokidae
The Mochokidae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) that are known as the squeakers or upside-down catfish (although not all species swim upside-down). Nine genera and about 200 species of mochokids ae described. All the mochokids are freshwater species originating from Africa.

They have three pairs of barbels, with the nasal barbels absent; sometimes, the mandibular barbels may be branched. The lips are modified into a suckermouth in Atopochilus, Chiloglanis, and Euchilichthys. The adipose fin is usually very long. The dorsal and pectoral fins have spines that are usually strong and with a locking mechanism. They range in size up to 72 cm (28 in) standard length. This group contains many popular species among aquarists, such as Synodontis nigriventris, Synodontis angelicus, and Synodontis multipunctatus.
FK Napredak Kruševac
Fudbalski klub Napredak Kruševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Напредак Крушевац), commonly known as Napredak Kruševac, is a Serbian professional football club based in the city of Kruševac. The word Napredak means "progress" in Serbian.

The club's nickname is the Čarapani which translates in English to the sock-men, the origin of this nickname are from the times of the First Serbian Uprising, when the local insurgents took off their slippers and silently went to defend their homeland against the Ottoman occupation of Serbia, in socks. Another interpretation is related to the custom of men in this area who in urban legend in medieval times wore beautiful, long embroidered socks.

2002–03 Second League of Serbia and Montenegro
The 2002–03 Second League of Serbia and Montenegro season (Serbian: Druga Savezna Liga) consisted of four groups of 12 teams.

The competition started this season as Second League of FR Yugoslavia. The country changed name from FR Yugoslavia to Serbia and Montenegro on February 4, 2003, and the competition became the Second League of Serbia and Montenegro.
2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup qualification (NORCECA)
The North American section of the 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup qualification acted as the qualifiers section for the 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup, for national teams that were members of the North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA). This tournament was held in Sportplex Beau-Chateau, Châteauguay, Quebec, Canada. The eventual winner earned the right to compete in the 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup.

2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup qualification
The 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup qualification was a series of tournaments to decide which teams would play in the 2019 FIVB Women's Volleyball Challenger Cup. The 2019 Challenger Cup featured 6 teams. Only one place was allocated to the hosts. The remaining 5 places were determined by a qualification process, in which entrants from among the other teams from the five FIVB confederations competed.
Captrain France
Captrain France (French pronunciation: [kaptʁɛ̃ fʁɑ̃s]),  formerly VFLI, is a French freight rail company. It is a subsidiary of SNCF's Rail Logistics Europe. The company was formed in 1998 as a low-cost short line and industrial railway operator.

Rail Logistics Europe
Rail Logistics Europe, or RLE, formerly SNCF Logistics, is a French freight rail multinational. It is a subsidiary of SNCF.

RLE claims to be the No. 1 rail logistics hub in France and No. 2 in Europe, with 9,535 employees in 10 countries.
Organobismuth chemistry
Organobismuth chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to bismuth chemical bond. Applications are few. The main bismuth oxidation states are Bi(III) and Bi(V) as in all higher group 15 elements. The energy of a bond to carbon in this group decreases in the order P > As > Sb > Bi. The first reported use of bismuth in organic chemistry was in oxidation of alcohols by Frederick Challenger in 1934 (using Ph3Bi(OH)2). Knowledge about methylated species of bismuth in environmental and biological media is limited.

Organolithium reagent
Organolithium reagents are a collection of organolithium compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. These reagents are used to transfer the organic group or the lithium atom to diverse substrates, usually through nucleophilic addition or simple deprotonation. Organolithium reagents are used in industry as an initiator for anionic polymerization, which leads to the production of various elastomers.
John R. Stallings
John Robert Stallings Jr. (July 22, 1935 – November 24, 2008) was a mathematician known for his seminal contributions to geometric group theory and 3-manifold topology. Stallings was a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley where he had been a faculty member since 1967. He published over 50 papers, predominantly in the areas of geometric group theory and the topology of 3-manifolds. Stallings' most important contributions include a proof, in a 1960 paper, of the Poincaré Conjecture in dimensions greater than six and a proof, in a 1971 paper, of the Stallings theorem about ends of groups.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Gmina Wieleń
Gmina Wieleń is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Wieleń, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Czarnków and 75 km (47 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 428.32 square kilometres (165.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,572 (out of which the population of Wieleń amounts to 5,940, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,632).

Czarnków
Czarnków [ˈt͡ʂarŋkuf] is a town in Poland in Czarnków-Trzcianka County in Greater Poland Voivodeship. As of December 2021, the town has 10,279 inhabitants.

The town lies on the Noteć river. Because there are many hills around the town, the area is called Szwajcaria Czarnkowska ("Czarnków's Switzerland").
Sydney Boehm
Sydney Boehm (April 4, 1908 – June 25, 1990) was an American screenwriter and producer. Boehm began his writing career as a newswriter for wire services and newspapers before moving on to screenwriting. His films include High Wall (1947), Anthony Mann-directed Side Street (1950), the sci-fi film When Worlds Collide (1951), and the crime drama The Big Heat (1953), for which Boehm won a 1954 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay.

Boehm was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 4, 1908, and died in Woodland Hills, California on June 25, 1990, at age 82.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Farrago Poetry Slam Championship
The Farrago Poetry Slam Championship is a UK-based performance poetry competition organised by Farrago Poetry, a spoken-word organisation based in London, England. It is notable for introducing the poetry slam format to Britain and remains one of the longest-running slam poetry events in the country.

Poetry slam
A poetry slam is a competitive art event in which poets perform spoken word poetry before a live audience and a panel of judges.

Some people draw distinction between the concepts of "poetry slam" as a competition event and "slam poetry" as a performance event and art form.

There are regular poetry slam competitions all around the globe.

The performances at a poetry slam are judged as much on performance as content, and poets may compete as individuals or in teams. The judging is often handled by a panel of judges, typically five, who are usually selected from the audience. Sometimes the poets are judged by audience response.
Valea Ursului
Valea Ursului is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Bucium, Chilii, Giurgeni, Muncelu de Jos, and Valea Ursului.

The commune lies on the Central Moldavian Plateau, on the banks of the Bârlad River, which has its source here. It is located in the southeastern extremity of Neamț County, on the border with Bacău County, 26 km (16 mi) from Roman and 43 km (27 mi) from Bacău; the county seat, Piatra Neamț, is 70 km (43 mi) away.

Piatra Neamț
Piatra Neamț (Romanian: [ˈpjatra ˈne̯amt͡s]; German: Kreuzburg an der Bistritz; Hungarian: Karácsonkő) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of  Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania. Because of its very privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania. The Nord-Est Regional Development Agency is located in Piatra Neamț.
European Universities Tennis Championships
European Universities Tennis Championships were the first organised in 2004 and have been organised annually since. They are coordinated by the European University Sports Association along with the 18 other sports on the program of the European universities championships.

European Universities Championships
European Universities Championships (EUC) are university sports competitions governed by the European University Sports Association (EUSA) since 2001. There are currently 23 sports in which the championships are organised. Participants in these events are European university teams and individuals.

In 2019 new Championships were created for kickboxing, orienteering, beach handball and water polo.
Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry
Founded in 1981, the Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry (IAUPR) offers a four-year Doctor of Optometry program and is located in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. In 1992, the School of Optometry became a separate autonomous academic unit within the Inter American University of Puerto Rico system. The School of Optometry is accredited by the Council on Higher Education of Puerto Rico, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, and the Accreditation Council on Optometric Education (ACOE) of the American Optometric Association for the maximum term of eight years. In 2025, the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry reported that IAUPR students had a 16.67% first-time pass rate of the Part I ABS exam and a 75% overall pass rate for all Board exams. The average across all US optometry schools were 66.71% and 85.88%, respectively.

Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon], locally [baʝaˈmoŋ]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico. Located on the northeastern coastal plain, it is bounded by Guaynabo to the east, Toa Alta and Naranjito to the west, Toa Baja and Cataño to the north, and Aguas Buenas and Comerío to the south. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Bayamón Pueblo. With a population of 185,187 as of the 2020 census, it is the second most populated municipality in the archipelago and island after the capital of San Juan.
Libertadores de Querétaro
Libertadores de Querétaro (English: Querétaro Liberators) was a professional Mexican basketball team, based in Querétaro City, Querétaro. The Libertadores were part of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional, the top professional basketball league in Mexico. The team plays their home games at the Auditorio General Arteaga, with a capacity of 4,139 spectators.

Libertadores was established in 2009 and joined Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional for the 2009–10 season, but it folded after the end of the season. The team came back for the 2017–18 season.

2009–10 LNBP season
The 2009–10 LNBP was the 10th season of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional, one of the professional basketball leagues of Mexico. It started on September 10, 2009 and ended on March 10, 2010. The league title was won by Halcones UV Xalapa, which defeated Halcones Rojos Veracruz in the championship series, 4–1.
Dual basis
In linear algebra, given a vector space  with a basis  of vectors indexed by an index set  (the cardinality of  is the dimension of ), the dual set of  is a set  of vectors in the dual space  with the same index set  such that  and  form a biorthogonal system. The dual set is always linearly independent but does not necessarily span . If it does span , then  is called the dual basis or reciprocal basis for the basis .

Denoting the indexed vector sets as  and , being biorthogonal means that the elements pair to have an inner product equal to 1 if the indexes are equal, and equal to 0 otherwise. Symbolically, evaluating a dual vector in  on a vector in the original space :

where  is the Kronecker delta symbol.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
Superstar (Brazilian TV series) season 2
The second season of SuperStar premiered live on Rede Globo on Sunday, April 12, 2015 at 11:30 p.m. (BRT) and 10:30 p.m. (AMT) during the 2015–16 Brazilian television season. 
The prizes for the winning band were R$ 500,000, a Ford Ka and a recording contract with Som Livre.

Superstar (Brazilian TV series)
Superstar (also stylized SuperStar) is a Brazilian live reality television singing competition airing on TV Globo. Based on the Israeli singing competition Rising Star, the series was created by Keshet Media Group and developed by Screenz Cross Media LTD.

The show's format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps. The winner is entitled to a R$ 500,000 prize, a new Ford Ka and a recording contract with Som Livre.

The Brazilian version only allows bands or groups to compete, not solo artists and duos, to avoid clashing with The Voice Brasil (also produced and broadcast by TV Globo during the Southern Hemisphere spring).

The series premiered on April 6, 2014. In June 2014, TV Globo renewed the show for a second season.

In November 2016, TV Globo canceled the series after three seasons due to declining viewership.
John E. Schwarz
John E. Schwarz (born October 6, 1939)  is an American political scientist.

He graduated from Oberlin College with a B.A. in 1961, received his Ph.D from Indiana University in 1967, and studied at the London School of Economics and Political Science and L'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. He was an economic adviser to Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana in 1963, completed work for his Ph.D. in Belgium and Luxembourg in 1964-66, and then went on to teach at the University of Minnesota from 1966 to 1970 and the University of Arizona from 1970 to 2004. In 2006, he became a distinguished senior fellow at Demos, a public policy research organization in  New York City.

Thomas Volgy
Thomas John Volgy (born March 19, 1946) is a professor of political science at the University of Arizona, where he has been on faculty since 1971. He is also the Executive Director (since 1995) of the International Studies Association.

He is a former member of the Tucson, Arizona City Council (1977–1987) and was Mayor of Tucson 1987-1991. In the United States House of Representatives elections, 1998 he was the Democratic Party's candidate in Arizona's 5th congressional district.

He is a graduate of Oakland University (BA) and the University of Minnesota (MA and PhD).
Central City, Pennsylvania
Central City is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 998 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area.  It is east-northeast of Stoystown and northeast of Somerset.

Somerset, Pennsylvania
Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ SUM-ər-set) is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,046 at the 2020 census. The borough is surrounded by Somerset Township and is located off the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). Somerset is the principal city of the Somerset micropolitan statistical area, which consists of Somerset County, and is also a principal city of the larger Johnstown-Somerset combined statistical area.
Q'asiri (Murillo)
Q'asiri (Aymara for bawler, also spelled Khasiri) is a 5,224-metre-high (17,139 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Bolivian Andes. It lies in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, at the border of the La Paz Municipality and the Palca Municipality. Q'asiri is situated south of the mountains Sirk'i Qullu and Jathi Qullu, north-west of the mountain Sura Qullu and north-east of the mountain Ch'iyar Qullu. Q'asiri lies between the lakes Q'asiri Quta ("Q'asiri lake", Khasiri Kkota) in the north-east and Jach'a Q'asiri Quta ("big Q'asiri lake", Laguna Jachcha Khasiri) in the south-west.

Cordillera Real (Bolivia)
The Cordillera Real is a mountain range in the South American Altiplano of Bolivia, forming part of the Andes. This range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca, and east of the Bolivian capital of La Paz. The range stretches 125 km in length and 20 km in width. Even though it is only 17° south of the Equator, the Cordillera Real is relatively densely glaciated. This is due to its proximity to the Amazon lowlands with its associated moist air masses.
Prem Raja Mahat
Prem Raja Mahat (Nepali: प्रेमराजा महत) is a Nepalese folk singer. He has sung songs like Bajho Khet Ma, Paan Ko Paat, Balla Paryo Nirmaya, and Simsime Panima, which are considered timeless Nepali classics. He is also renowned for playing sarangi, a traditional instrument from Nepal used primarily in folk music.

Along with another well-known artist in Nepali folk music, Bam Bahadur Karki, he sang Khola Pari Nirmaya, Music Nepal's first folk song which was released in 1986. Additionally, he has sung for Nepali feature films, such as Paat Bajaune Mayalai for the 2005 film Muglan. Due to his prominence in Nepali music, he is often compared to well-known artists like Elvis Presley in the western world.

Music of Nepal
Music of Nepal refers to the various musical genres played and listened to in Nepal. With more than fifty ethnic groups in Nepal, the country's music is highly diverse. Genres like Tamang Selo, Madheshi Hori, Chaitawar, Chhathiyaar dhun, Chyabrung, Dohori, Adhunik Geet, Bhajan, Filmi music, Ghazal, Classical music, songs and Ratna music are widely played and popular, but many other less common genres are yet to be cataloged. Western musical genres like Rock, Metal, Hip-Hop, Rap, R&B also regularly feature on the Nepalese music charts. Most of the country's musical bands are based in the Kathmandu valley. Musical genres from Tibet and India have greatly influenced Nepalese music.