hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemistry Quality Eurolabels
The Chemistry Quality Eurolabels or European Quality Labels in Chemistry (Labels européens de Qualité en Chimie) is a marketing scheme for chemistry degrees at institutions located within the 45 countries involved in the Bologna process. Labels are awarded to qualifying institutions under the names are Eurobachelor and Euromaster, as well as the proposed Eurodoctorate. Label Committee not only prepares for the ECTN Administrative Council proposals to award the Eurolabels but also judge the quality of chemical education programmes at HEIs. ECTN and its Label Committee closely collaborates with EuCheMS and American Chemical Society.

It is a framework which is supported by EuCheMS, and the labels are awarded by ECTN. The project is supported by the European Commission (EC) through its SOCRATES programme. The purpose of the framework is to "promote recognition of first, second cycle degrees, and third cycle degrees not only within the 45 countries involved in the Bologna process".

Socrates programme
The SOCRATES programme was an educational initiative of the European Commission; 31 countries took part. The initial Socrates programme ran from 1994 until 31 December 1999 when it was replaced by the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which ran until 2006. This, in turn, was replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013.

The countries participating in the programme were the then 25 European Union countries, the then candidate countries Romania and Bulgaria; Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Turkey.

The programme is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates.
Vivaro
Vivaro (Friulian: Vivâr) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Pordenone.

Vivaro borders the following municipalities: Arba, Cordenons, Maniago, San Giorgio della Richinvelda, San Quirino, and Spilimbergo.

Pordenone
Pordenone (Italian: [pordeˈnoːne] ⓘ; Venetian and Friulian: Pordenon) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the capital of the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone.

The name comes from Latin Portus Naonis, meaning "port on the Noncello River".
Who Killed Hitler?
Who Killed Hitler? is a 1947 American book edited by Herbert Moore and James W. Barrett, with an introduction by U.S. intelligence officer William F. Heimlich. The book contends that rather than commit suicide or escape Germany (as held by Western and Soviet sources, respectively), Nazi leader Adolf Hitler was assassinated in an attempted coup d'état by Schutzstaffel (SS) leader Heinrich Himmler.

Although the book dismisses fringe claims that Hitler faked his death, it was itself criticized for bolstering them—in part regarding an alleged Hitler double.

Anton Joachimsthaler
Anton Joachimsthaler (born 1930 in Hohenelbe) is a German historian. He is particularly noted for his research on the early life of the German dictator Adolf Hitler, in his book Korrektur einer Biografie ("Correction of a Biography") and his last days in the book Hitlers Ende ("Hitler's End"), published in English as The Last Days of Hitler.
Sentience
Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as awareness, reasoning, or complex thought processes. Some theorists define sentience exclusively as the capacity for valenced (positive or negative) mental experiences, such as pain and pleasure.

Sentience is an important concept in ethics, as the ability to experience happiness or suffering often forms a basis for determining which entities deserve moral consideration, particularly in utilitarianism.

The word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts in Asian religions. In science fiction, "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "sapience", "self-awareness", or "consciousness".

Valence (psychology)
Valence, also known as hedonic tone, is a characteristic of emotions that determines their emotional affect (intrinsic appeal or repulsion).

Positive valence corresponds to the "goodness" or attractiveness of an object, event, or situation, making it appealing or desirable. Conversely, negative valence relates to "badness" or averseness, rendering something unappealing or undesirable.

This concept is not only used to describe the intrinsic qualities of objects and events but also categorizes emotions based on their inherent attractiveness or averseness.
Carlos Echeverri Cortés
Carlos Echeverri Cortés (23 June 1900 – 14 March 1974) was a Colombian economist and diplomat who served as ad interim fifth Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, and as Ambassador of Colombia to Peru and Mexico. During his ambassadorship in Peru he became an enemy of the administration of President Manuel Arturo Odría Amoretti for granting political asylum to the politician Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, an action that drove the Peruvian Government to mount a five-year struggle harassing embassy staff and personnel, and forming a military blockade around the Colombian Embassy where Haya was housed, this because Lima had refused to grant safe conduct for Haya to leave the country and Ambassador Echeverri refused to give him up.

Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations
The permanent representative of Colombia to the United Nations  is the permanent representative of the Republic of Colombia to the United Nations, accredited as Concurrent Non-Resident Ambassador to the Republic of Kosovo, and Montenegro.

The permanent representative is Colombia's foremost diplomatic representative to UN, and Chief of Mission in New York City. The permanent representative however, is not the only high-ranking Colombian diplomat in the United States, the other two being the permanent representative of Colombia to the OAS in Washington, D.C., and the ambassador of Colombia to the United States, also in Washington D.C. The officeholder is charged with representing the interests of the President and Government of Colombia, and advancing the relations between Colombia and the general world community.
Ithaca Discovery Trail
The Ithaca Discovery Trail is a collaboration among hands-on museums and the public library in Tompkins County, New York.  Its member institutions are: Cayuga Nature Center, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell Botanic Gardens, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Museum of the Earth, Sciencenter, The History Center of Tompkins County, and Tompkins County Public Library.

Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art
The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ("The Johnson Museum") is an art museum located on the northwest corner of the Arts Quad on the main campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Its collection includes two windows from Frank Lloyd Wright's Darwin D. Martin House, and more than 40,000 other works in the permanent collection, which spans six millennia and encompasses art from most world cultures. It was designed by architect I.M. Pei and is known for its distinctive concrete facade.
Christine Fox
Christine Fox (born May 26, 1955) is an American military civilian official and politician, who served as the Acting Deputy Secretary of Defense from December 3, 2013 until Robert Work's confirmation on May 1, 2014. With her appointment, Fox became the highest-ranking woman to serve in the United States Department of Defense.

United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
The deputy secretary of defense (acronym: DepSecDef) who is secondarily but informally titled the deputy secretary of war (DepSecWar), is a statutory office (10 U.S.C. § 132) and the second-highest-ranking official in the Department of Defense of the United States of America.

The deputy secretary is the principal civilian deputy to the secretary of defense, and is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The deputy secretary, by statute, is designated as the DoD chief management officer and must be a civilian, at least seven years removed from service as a commissioned officer on active-duty at the date of appointment.
1966 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1966 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8. Republican nominee Don Samuelson defeated Democratic nominee Cecil Andrus with 41.4% of the vote in a four-way race (two independents).

In early August, three-term incumbent Robert E. Smylie, the dean of American governors, was soundly defeated in the Republican primary by Samuelson. Andrus was a close runner-up in the Democratic primary to Charles Herndon, who was killed in a plane crash six weeks later in September.

This was the sixth consecutive Republican victory for governor, but Democrats won the next six, with four by Andrus. The next gubernatorial election in 1970 was a rematch, with different results.

1990 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1990 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990, to elect the Governor of the state of Idaho. Cecil Andrus, the Democratic incumbent, ran for an unprecedented fourth term. Roger Fairchild, a former state senate majority leader from Fruitland, won the Republican nomination in May, but was easily defeated in November by the popular Andrus.

This was the sixth consecutive win for the Democrats, which started with Andrus' first victory twenty years earlier in 1970. As of 2026, this is the last time that a Democrat has been elected Governor of Idaho.
Steeple Barton
Steeple Barton is a civil parish and scattered settlement on the River Dorn in West Oxfordshire, about 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) east of Chipping Norton, a similar distance west of Bicester and 9 miles (14 km) south of Banbury. Most of the parish's population lives in the village of Middle Barton, about 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of the settlement of Steeple Barton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,523.  Much of the parish's eastern boundary is formed by the former turnpike between Oxford and Banbury, now classified the A4260 road. The minor road between Middle Barton and Kiddington forms part of the western boundary. Field boundaries form most of the rest of the boundaries of the parish.

Banbury
Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory which was previously the world's largest coffee-producing facility, built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of Oxford.
Hessian Skittles
The Hessian Skittles (German: Hessisches Kegelspiel) are a group of nine extinct volcanoes in the northwestern and lowest part of the Rhön Mountains in East Hesse, Germany. This striking collection of domed hills or kuppen is located in the counties of Hersfeld-Rotenburg and Fulda in the northwestern part of the Kuppen Rhön east of Eiterfeld and south of Schenklengsfeld.

East Hesse
East Hesse (German: Osthessen) is an unofficial but common regional name for the eastern part of the German state of Hesse as well as a regional planning region. It corresponds roughly to the Hessian catchment area of Fulda and its heart covers the county of Fulda, the eastern part of the county of Vogelsbergkreis and the old counties of Hersfeld and Schlüchtern, but there is no clear boundary of East Hesse with North Hesse, Middle Hesse and South Hesse. In older sources, a landscape, roughly identical with the current East Hesse area, was commonly called Buchonia.

Occasionally the Bergwinkel region and county of Schlüchtern are counted as part of East Hesse. They lie south and over the other side of the watershed and drain via Kinzig into the River Main.
Regent Theatre, Wollongong
Regent Theatre is a heritage-listed former theatre and cinema at 197 Keira Street, Wollongong, City of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Reginald J. Magoffin with an interior by Marion Hall Best and built from 1950 to 1954. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 9 May 2005.

City of Wollongong
The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea, the Princes Motorway and the Illawarra railway line.

Located 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Sydney, the City of Wollongong covers 684 square kilometres (264 sq mi) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north, Lake Illawarra to the south, the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west.

Councillor Tania Brown was elected as Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong in the New South Wales local government elections, held in September 2024.
Divination bones
Divination bones (Sotho-Tswana languages: ditaola, isiZulu: amathambo) are pieces of bones and vertebrae, carved ivory dice and cowrie shells used for divination. It is widely known in South Africa where traditional healers, especially of the Bantu people for divination.

Mokgale Makgopa and Magaelane Koma of the University of Venda wrote that divination bones can consist of coins, dominoes, pieces of metal and gems and other things of significance to the healer.

Bantu peoples of South Africa
Bantu speaking people of South Africa are the majority, ethno-linguistic people of South Africa. They are indigenous southern Africans from Southern Bantu-speaking peoples; whose earliest presence through surviving evidence, in the now "South Africa", is noted between 350 BCE and 300 CE from either the speculated prehistoric migrations called Bantu expansion (5000 BCE to 500 CE), or due to localized back and forth seasonal migratory culture(s) based on shifting cultivation. They are referred to in various census as African, Black, or Native South African.
Al-Najm al-Thaqib
The al-Najm al-Thaqib (Arabic:النجم الثاقب, "piercing star") is a Yemeni missile system developed by the Houthis and revealed on 26 May 2015. The Houthis claimed that these missiles could violate the blockade imposed by UN resolution 2216 imposed by the Arab Coalition. American reports suggest that this missile was designed to attack nearby targets like Jizan without expending their diminishing stock of longer range missiles. It is somewhat similar to Iranian Oghab missiles, however it lacks fins. All civil airports in Jizan, Asir and Najran have been closed due to the risk of missile strikes since July 2015.

Jizan
Jizan (Arabic: جيزان, romanized: Jīzān) is a city and the capital of Jazan Province, which lies in the southwest corner of Saudi Arabia. Jizan is situated on the coast of the Red Sea and serves a large agricultural heartland that has a population of 173,919 as of 2022 and over 1.4 million, in the whole Jizan region. As the city is the capital of the region, it has a regional airport as well as the Jizan seaport. The area is noted for its high-quality production of fruits such as mangoes, figs, papayas, plums, and coffee.

Jizan has one of the largest megaprojects market in the kingdom with significant infrastructure projects worth many billions of dollars. Saudi Aramco is building a 400,000 bpd refinery with associated terminal facilities on the Red Sea near the city, scheduled for completion in late 2018.
Samuel Butler (politician)
Samuel Butler (February 2, 1825 – February 1, 1891) was an American politician who served as Pennsylvania State Treasurer from 1880 to 1882. A member of the Republican Party from Chester County, Butler previously served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1877 to 1880. He unsuccessfully sought his party's gubernatorial nomination in 1882.

Treasurer of Pennsylvania
The treasurer of Pennsylvania is the head of the Pennsylvania Treasury Department, an independent department of the commonwealth's government. The treasurer is elected every four years. The current treasurer is Republican Stacy Garrity.
1989 Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The 1989 Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the second edition of the Pan American Women's Handball Championship, held in United States from 14 to 16 September 1988. It acted as the American qualifying tournament for the 1990 World Women's Handball Championship.

Pan American Women's Handball Championship
The Pan American Women's Handball Championship was the biennial official competition for senior national handball teams of North, Center, Caribbean and South America. It was organized by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation. In addition to crowning the Pan-American champions, the tournament served as a qualifying tournament for the IHF World Women's Handball Championship. In 2018, the PATHF was folded and the tournament was replaced with the North American & Caribbean and South and Central American Women's Handball Championships.
Hollie Doyle
Hollie Doyle (born 11 October 1996) is a British jockey who competes in flat racing. She set a new record for winners ridden in a British season by a female jockey in 2019. She came third in the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award 2020, and was also named The Sunday Times sportswoman of the year. In June 2022 she became the first female jockey to win a French Classic and the first female jockey to win a European Group 1 Classic when she rode Nashwa to victory in the Prix de Diane (French Oaks) at Chantilly. In 2022, she came joint second in the Flat Jockeys' Championship, the highest result for a woman to date. She rode her 1,000th winner in September 2024, and rode her 1,000th British winner in March 2025.

British Champions Sprint Stakes
The British Champions Sprint Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.
1939 Chicago mayoral election
The Chicago mayoral election of 1939 was held on April 5, 1939. The election saw incumbent Edward J. Kelly being reelected to a second full term (third overall term), defeating Dwight H. Green by a double-digit margin.

Both major parties held primary elections to determine their nominees. The primaries were held on February 28, 1939. Kelly won renomination in the Democratic Party primary against Thomas J. Courtney, the Cook County state's attorney. In his candidacy, Courtney had sought to challenge the city's Democratic political machine. In the Republican Party primary, Green won a massive victory over former mayor William Hale Thompson.

Green would be elected Governor of Illinois one year later.

Mayoral elections in Chicago
Chicago has held regularly scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Chicago currently holds regularly scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.
Blood River (TV series)
Blood River (Chinese: 暗河传; pinyin: Àn hé zhuàn), formerly known as Tales of Dark River, is a 2025 Chinese television series starring Gong Jun and directed by Yin Tao. Adapted from the wuxia novel An He Zhuan (Chinese: 暗河传) by Zhou Munan,  the story follows the assassin Su Muyu (苏暮雨) as he strives to pull Blood River guild out of the shadows and forge a new destiny, free from being anyone’s blade. The drama premiered on Youku and Netflix on 20 October 2025.

Chinese television drama
Chinese television dramas (Chinese: 中国电视连续剧; pinyin: Zhōngguó diànshì liánxùjù), sometimes colloquially known as C-dramas, are Chinese-language television drama series originating from China, sometimes including co-productions with the Greater China region. Popular drama series genres in China include fantasy romance, period costume, contemporary urban and thriller dramas. Chinese dramas are often subjected to stringent regulatory supervisions from China's National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA).

China produces the most television drama episodes per year and has the largest number of domestic television viewers in the world. It is also the second largest video streaming market in the world by revenue. Chinese television dramas are regularly broadcast and streamed throughout Asia; particularly in Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Cambodia.
Sint Joosland
Sint Joosland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It existed until 1816, when it was merged with Nieuwland to form the new municipality of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland. The municipality consisted of a single polder southeast of the current village of Nieuw- en Sint Joosland.

Nieuw- en Sint Joosland
Nieuw- en Sint Joosland of Nieuwland (Zeeuws: 't Nieuwland) is a village and a former municipality in the southeast of Walcheren, at the edge of the island, in the municipality Middelburg, in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It has about 1300 inhabitants. Because of its relatively late foundation, Nieuw- en Sint Joosland is not a churchvillage, but more of a wegdorp, despite its clear village centre.
Captain America Comics
Captain America Comics is a comic book series featuring the superhero character Captain America. The series was originally published by Timely Comics from 1941 to 1950, with a brief revival by Atlas Comics in 1954.

All Winners Comics
All Winners Comics is the name of two American comic book series of the 1940s; both were published by Marvel Comics' predecessor, Timely Comics, during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. A superhero anthology comic in both cases, they variously featured such star characters as Captain America, the original Human Torch, and the Sub-Mariner. All Winners Comics was also the venue for two full-length stories of Marvel's first superhero team, the (hyphenated) All-Winners Squad.
Exel Inn
Exel Inn was an American lodging chain based in Madison, Wisconsin. It was founded as Interstate Inn in 1972 by David Stauffacher. The first one was located on East Towne Boulevard in Madison. Stauffacher changed the motel's name to Exel Inn in 1974 after he was unable to get a copyright for the chain's original logo, which incorporated the Interstate Highway System shield. Throughout the chain's history, Stauffacher operated it with his family.

In 2008, Stauffacher sold the chain, which at the time comprised 22 hotels, to Wyndham Worldwide. Wyndham re-branded all 22 properties to Days Inn, Baymont Inn & Suites, Super 8 Motel, Howard Johnson's, or Travelodge.

Baymont by Wyndham
Baymont by Wyndham,  formerly branded as Baymont Inn & Suites, is a hotel franchise owned by Wyndham Hotels & Resorts and based in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, it has 546 properties with 41,357 rooms.