hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carhart four-factor model
In portfolio management, the Carhart four-factor model is an extra factor addition in the Fama–French three-factor model, proposed by Mark Carhart. The Fama-French model, developed in the 1990,  argued most stock market returns are explained by three factors: risk, price (value stocks tending to outperform) and company size (smaller company stocks tending to outperform). Carhart added a momentum factor for asset pricing of stocks. The Four Factor Model is also known in the industry as the Monthly Momentum Factor (MOM). Momentum is the speed or velocity of price changes in a stock, security, or tradable instrument.

Stock market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies that are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investments are usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
2002 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 2002 Ipswich Borough Council election was an election for Ipswich Borough Council held on 2 May 2002. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2000. The Labour Party kept overall control of the council.

Ipswich Borough Council
Ipswich Borough Council is the local authority for Ipswich, a non-metropolitan district with borough status in Suffolk, England. It is the second tier of a two-tier system, fulfilling functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning, with Suffolk County Council providing county council services such as transport, education and social services.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Ipswich Town Hall and has its main offices at Grafton House.
Aleksander Augezdecky
Aleksander Augezdecky (or Aujezdecki) (born in the early sixteenth century, died in 1577 in Litomyšl) was a Polish printer and publisher of Czech origin.

In the years 1539–1544 he printed in Litomyšl, and some years later led a workshop in Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec).

Augezdecky printed works by Mikołaj Rej, Jan Seklucjan, Stanisław Murzynowski, Grzegorz Orsatius and Eustachy Trepka. While in Królewiec, Augezdecky over the course of eight years published around twenty Polish language works. In 1554 Duke Albert decided to back a different printer, Hans Daubmann and as a result Augezdecky, faced with competition left the city. Around the year 1558 he acquired a printing press in Szamotuły, which he ran until 1561.

He was a member of the Czech brethren.

Jan Seklucjan
Jan Seklucjan (born either in 1498 or around 1510, died 1578) (also known as Jan from Siekluki,  Seclucian, Seclucianus) was a Polish Lutheran theologian, an activist in the Protestant Reformation in Poland and Ducal Prussia (a Polish fief), translator, writer, publisher and printer.
Winter Marquee
Winter Marquee is a live album by folk singer Nanci Griffith. It was her first album for Rounder Records after leaving Elektra Records. Recorded live during the Clock Without Hands tour in spring 2002, this album grew from the original wish to capture just one live song (Phil Ochs' "What's That I Hear") into a 14-track live CD album, Griffith's first live recording since One Fair Summer Evening (1988). On May 29, 2002, at the historic Tennessee Theatre in Knoxville, a live performance was filmed, and released on DVD under the same name. During the recording of both the album and the DVD, Griffith was joined on stage by Emmylou Harris, Tom Russell and Andrew Hardin.

One Fair Summer Evening
One Fair Summer Evening was Nanci Griffith's seventh album, and her first one recorded in a live setting. It was recorded on August 19 and August 20, 1988, at Anderson Fair, a Houston, Texas club long known for featuring folk artists in an intimate setting.

Griffith mainly performed live versions of songs from her previously released albums, but added in a couple of new ones: "Deadwood, South Dakota" and "I Would Bring You Ireland". The album rose into the #43 position of the Billboard Country Albums chart.
Bray Park railway station
Bray Park railway station is located on the North Coast line in Queensland, Australia. Despite the name, Bray Park railway station is located in the north of the suburb of Strathpine in the City of Moreton Bay (immediately to the south of the suburb of Bray Park). Strathpine railway station is in the south of Strathpine.

North Coast railway line, Queensland
The North Coast railway line (NCL) is a 1,681-kilometre (1,045 mi) 1067 mm gauge railway line in Queensland, Australia. It commences at Roma Street station, Brisbane, and largely parallels the Queensland coast to Cairns in Far North Queensland. The line is electrified between Brisbane and Rockhampton. Along the way, the 1,680-kilometre (1,040 mi) railway passes through the numerous towns and cities of eastern Queensland including Nambour, Bundaberg, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Mackay and Townsville. The line through the centre of Rockhampton runs down the middle of Denison Street.
Southern Kaduna crisis
The Southern Kaduna Crisis is part of a series of ethnicity conflicts in Nigeria. It is tied in with issues of religious and ethnic tension and the Fulani herdsmen crisis, as well as the growing tide of banditry and general insecurity particularly in the north of the country.

Recent years have had large numbers of people killed in incidents.

Nigerian bandit conflict
The Nigerian bandit conflict is an ongoing conflict between the country's federal government and various gangs and ethnic militias. Starting in 2011, the insecurity remaining from the conflict between the Fulani and Hausa ethnic groups quickly allowed other criminal and jihadist elements to form in the region.
Valve audio amplifier
A valve audio amplifier (UK) or vacuum tube audio amplifier (US) is a valve amplifier used for sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction.

Until the invention of solid state devices such as the transistor, all electronic amplification was produced by valve (tube) amplifiers. While solid-state devices prevail in most audio amplifiers today, valve audio amplifiers are still used where their audible characteristics are considered pleasing, for example in music performance or music reproduction.

Ultra-linear
Ultra-linear electronic circuits are those used to couple a tetrode or pentode vacuum-tube (also called "electron-valve") to a load (e.g. to a loudspeaker).

'Ultra-linear' is a special case of 'distributed loading'; a circuit technique patented by Alan Blumlein in 1937 (Patent No. 496,883), although the name 'distributed loading' is probably due to Mullard. In 1938 he applied for the US patent 2218902. The particular advantages of ultra-linear operation, and the name itself, were published by David Hafler and Herbert Keroes in the early 1950s through articles in the magazine "Audio Engineering" from the USA. The special case of 'ultra linear' operation is sometimes confused with the more general principle of distributed loading.
Mikako Takahashi
Mikako Takahashi (高橋 美佳子, Takahashi Mikako, born May 29, 1980) is a Japanese voice actress and J-Pop singer from Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As the Excel Saga character Mikako Hyatt, she forms one half of the voice acting duo The Excel Girls (the other half being Yumiko Kobayashi). She is employed by I'm Enterprise. She is also the best knowing dubbing roles of Korean drama and films, like for Park Shin-hye, Shin So-yul and others. In January 2017, she wrote in her private blog that she has been married since the last day of 2016.

Queen's Blade
Queen's Blade (Japanese: クイーンズブレイド, Hepburn: Kuīnzu Bureido) is a Japanese series of visual combat books published by Hobby Japan inspired by the licensed works from Firelight Game Company's  Lost Worlds. The overall plot of the game revolves around a tournament called the Queen's Blade, which is held once every four years to determine a Queen.

Since its original release, the series has evolved into a media franchise, spanning four manga adaptations, three anime adaptations, three light novels, and a video game adaptation. Figures of the characters made by various manufacturers, such as Kaiyodo with their Revoltech series, have also been produced along with several memorabilia. A sequel series, Queen's Blade Rebellion, was launched in 2009.
Visadar
Visadar Waterfall (Persian: آبشار ویسادار) is a waterfall located in the Hyrcanian forests of Rezvanshahr County, within Gilan Province in northwestern Iran. It is the 3rd highest waterfall in Gilan. The name Visadar in local language means "The Shadow of the Willow Tree".

Hyrcanian forests
The Hyrcanian forests (Persian: جنگل‌های هیرکانی; Azerbaijani: Hirkan meşələri) are a zone of lush lowland and montane forests covering about 55,000 square kilometres (21,000 mi2) near the shores of the Caspian Sea in Iran and Azerbaijan. The forest is named after the ancient region of Hyrcania. The World Wide Fund for Nature refers to the ecoregion as the Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests. Since 5 July 2019, the Hyrcanian Forests have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In September 2023, the heritage site expanded to incorporate portions of the forest located in Azerbaijan.
Dig (command)
dig is a network administration command-line tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS).

dig is useful for network troubleshooting and for educational purposes. It can operate based on command line option and flag arguments, or in batch mode by reading requests from an operating system file. When a specific name server is not specified in the command invocation, it uses the operating system's default resolver, usually configured in the file resolv.conf. Without any arguments it queries the DNS root zone.

dig supports Internationalized domain name (IDN) queries.

dig is a component of the domain name server software suite BIND. dig supersedes in functionality older tools, such as nslookup and the program host; however, the older tools are still used in complementary fashion.

Resolv.conf
resolv.conf is a computer file used in various operating systems to configure the system's Domain Name System (DNS) resolver. The file is a plain-text file usually created by the network administrator or by applications that manage the configuration tasks of the system. The resolvconf program is one such program on FreeBSD or other Unix machines which manages the resolv.conf file.
Dolmen (miniseries)
Dolmen is a French TV miniseries consisting of six 90 minute-long episodes, and starring Ingrid Chauvin. It was written by Nicole Jamet and Marie-Anne Le Pezennec, and broadcast for the first time between 13 June and 18 July 2005 on TF1.

Arrondissement of Brest
The arrondissement of Brest is an arrondissement of France in the Finistère department in the Brittany region. It has 77 communes. Its population is 381,226 (2021), and its area is 1,396.2 km2 (539.1 sq mi).
Rhett Lashlee
Rhett Lashlee (born June 9, 1983) is an American college football coach who is the head coach at Southern Methodist University. He previously served as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Auburn University from 2013 to 2016 and offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Miami from 2020 to 2021.

Lashlee played college football at the University of Arkansas as a quarterback from 2002 to 2004. Prior to his tenure at SMU, he held various assistant coaching positions both at the high school (namely, Springdale High School in Arkansas) and collegiate levels (including Arkansas, Auburn, Samford, Arkansas State, UConn, SMU, and Miami).

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Philly McMahon
Philip "Philly" McMahon (born 5 September 1987) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Ballymun Kickhams club and, previously, for the Dublin county team.

Since retiring from inter-county football in 2021, McMahon has written for the Irish Independent and provided commentary for the BBC.

2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 130th edition of the GAA's premier inter-county gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887.

33 teams took part. 31 of the 32 Counties of Ireland participated, with Kilkenny, as in previous years, declining to take part. London and New York again competed.

The winning team, Dublin (who defeated Mayo by a single point after a replay), received the Sam Maguire Cup. It was the first time Dublin, as defending champions, had retained the trophy since the 1977 final.
Tabertown, Indiana
Tabertown is an unincorporated community in Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

Now within the boundaries of the town of Seelyville, it is also part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area.

Seelyville, Indiana
Seelyville is a town in Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Seelyville had a population of 1,012. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rudolf Dworsky
Rudolf Franz Dworsky (11 April 1882 in Vienna – 6 July 1927 in Perleberg) was an Austrian and German film producer and director of the Silent era. His production company was called Aafa-Film (Althoff-Ambos-Film), Berlin, the co-owner was the producer Gabriel Levy.

Gabriel Levy
Gabriel Levy (26 May 1881 – 26 March 1965) was a German film producer who was associated with the company Aafa-Film during the 1920s and 1930s. Following the Nazi takeover of power in 1933, Levy, a Jew, lost control of the company and was forced into exile in the Netherlands.
2019 Big 12 Championship Game
The  2019 Big 12 Championship Game was a college football game played on Saturday, December 7, 2019, at AT&T Stadium in Arlington. This was the 18th Big 12 Championship Game and determined the 2019 champion of the Big 12 Conference. The game featured the top-seeded, Oklahoma Sooners and the second-seeded, Baylor Bears. Sponsored by soft drink brand Dr Pepper, the game is officially known as the Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game.

Big 12 Championship Game
The Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference between the best and the second-best Big 12 team. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010, the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records.

In the first eight Big 12 championship games, from 1996 to 2003, the divisions split four games each, with the north champion winning in every odd-numbered year and the south champion winning in every even-numbered year. However, the North division champion did not win after No. 13 Kansas State's 35–7 upset victory over No. 1 Oklahoma in 2003.

The Big 12 is under contract to play the game at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas until 2030.
Annexations of Alsace–Lorraine
Located between the Meuse and Rhine rivers, Alsace and Lorraine were at the center of the Carolingian Empire during the Middle Age. The territories were initially part of the Western Roman Empire and later annexed by the Holy Roman Empire. In the 16th century, they were annexed by the Kingdom of France. Part of these same territories were then annexed by the German Empire in the 19th century, before returning to France at the end of World War I. During World War II (1940-1945), they were annexed again by the Third Reich, before final return to French rule at the end of the war.

Three Bishoprics
The Three Bishoprics (French: les Trois-Évêchés [le tʁwɑz‿eveʃe]) constituted a government of the Kingdom of France consisting of the dioceses of Metz, Verdun, and Toul within the Lorraine region. The three dioceses had been prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire until they were seized by King Henry II of France between April and June 1552. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, they were officially ceded to France by the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.
Halberstadt Hauptbahnhof
Halberstadt Hauptbahnhof is the main station on the Magdeburg–Thale railway in Halberstadt in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. A terminal station was opened in the town in 1843. A new through station was opened in another part of the town in 1868. The first service from Halberstadt ran to Magdeburg. Two more lines were added during the next few decades. In the Second World War, the station suffered heavy damage. Extensive modernisation work took place between 2008 and 2010. The entrance building and the locomotive depot are listed buildings. It received the moniker of "Hauptbahnhof" since 15 December 2024.

Magdeburg–Thale railway
The Magdeburg–Thale railway is a predominantly single-track, non-electrified main line railway that connects Thale, in the northern Harz, with Magdeburg, the capital of Saxony-Anhalt. Its eastern section between Magdeburg and Halberstadt was opened in 1843 and it is one of the oldest railways in Germany.
QNX
QNX (/ˌkjuː ˌɛn ˈɛks/ or /ˈkjuːnɪks/) is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.

The product was originally developed in the early 1980s by Canadian company Quantum Software Systems, founded March 30, 1980, and later renamed QNX Software Systems.

As of 2022, it is used in a variety of devices including automobiles, medical devices, programmable logic controllers, automated manufacturing, trains, and more.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
Ioan Sabău
Ioan "Neluțu" Ovidiu Sabău (born 12 February 1968) is a Romanian professional football manager and former player. He played as a midfielder for clubs in Romania, Italy, and the Netherlands, including Universitatea Cluj, Dinamo București, Feyenoord, Brescia, and Rapid București.

Sabău earned 55 caps for the Romania national team, representing his country at the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1996. After retiring from playing, he managed several Romanian clubs, including Gaz Metan Mediaș, Poli Timișoara, and Universitatea Cluj, whom he coached to the Romanian Cup final in the 2022–23 season, which they lost in a penalty shootout.

2002 Supercupa României
The 2002 Supercupa României was the 6th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Național on 10 August 2002, and was contested between Divizia A title holders Dinamo București and Cupa României champions Rapid București. Rapid won the trophy after defeating Dinamo 2-1.
Filbert Street (San Francisco)
Filbert Street is an east–west street on the north side of San Francisco, California. The street runs for 2.5 mi (4.0 km) from The Embarcadero to its western terminus at Lyon Street, which runs parallel to the western wall of The Presidio. The eastern portion of Filbert Street, east of Kearny Street in the Telegraph Hill and North Waterfront area, consists mainly of walkways and step streets. Along its route, Filbert Street passes through the neighborhoods of North Waterfront, Telegraph Hill, North Beach, Russian Hill, Golden Gate Valley, and Cow Hollow. Addresses on Filbert Street run from east to west.

Kearny Street
Kearny Street (/ˈkərni/) in San Francisco, California runs north from Market Street to The Embarcadero. Toward its south end, it separates the Financial District from the Union Square and Chinatown districts.  Further north, it passes over Telegraph Hill, interrupted by several gaps near Coit Tower due to the steep terrain.
1935 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1935 VPI Gobblers football team represented Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute in the 1935 college football season. The team was led by their head coach Henry Redd and finished with a record of four wins, three losses and two ties (4–3–2).

Henry Redd
Henry Barksdale "Puss" Redd (January 22, 1895 – January 1, 1960) was head football coach at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI)—now Virginia Tech—from 1932 to 1940. He also served as the school's men's basketball head coach for one season in 1926–27. Redd played college football for Tech in 1916 and 1917 before entering active service in World War I as a lieutenant in the artillery. He reentered school after the war and played again on the 1919 and 1920 teams, serving as captain for the 1920 season.  He graduated in 1921.   He was inducted into the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 1985.
1996 Independence Bowl
The 1996 Independence Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana between the Army Cadets and the Auburn Tigers on December 31, 1996. The game was the final contest of the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 32–29 victory for Auburn, after Jay Parker's 27-yard field goal went wide right.}

Independence Stadium (Shreveport)
Independence Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. Formerly known as State Fair Stadium and Fairgrounds Stadium, the municipally owned stadium is the site of the annual Independence Bowl post-season college football game, first held in 1976 as the Bicentennial Bowl. It was also the home venue of the Shreveport Steamer of the short-lived World Football League from 1974 to 1975 and the Shreveport Pirates of the Canadian Football League from 1994 to 1995.

The stadium is also host to numerous high school football games and soccer matches, since many schools in Shreveport lack an on-campus facility. Independence Stadium also hosted the LHSAA state football championship games in 2005 after the Louisiana Superdome suffered heavy damage from Hurricane Katrina. The stadium also hosts concerts and other events.
Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
Vishnu Ganesh Pingle (2 January 1888 – 16 November 1915) was an Indian revolutionary and a key member of the Ghadar Party. Born in Pune, Maharashtra, he studied engineering at the University of Washington before returning to India to lead revolutionary efforts. Pingle collaborated with leaders like Rash Behari Bose and Sachin Sanyal in organizing the Ghadr mutiny of 1915, which aimed to trigger a nationwide armed uprising against British rule. Arrested in Meerut with explosives, he was executed at Lahore Central Jail alongside Kartar Singh Sarabha. Despite his sacrifice at a young age, Pingle remains a largely unsung hero.

Atulkrishna Ghosh
Atulkrishna Ghosh (Bengali: অতুলকৃষ্ণ ঘোষ; 1890 – 4 May 1966) was an Indian revolutionary, member of the Anushilan Samiti, and a leader of the Jugantar movement involved in Hindu German Conspiracy during World War I.