hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barrel of land
A barrel of land (Danish: tønde land, Norwegian: tønneland, Swedish: tunnland, Finnish: tynnyrinala) is a Scandinavian unit of area. The word may originate from the area of fields one could seed with a barrel of grain seeds. The acre is the equivalent Anglo-Saxon unit. Because the barrel sizes varied by country, the area unit does too. One barrel can be approximated as half a hectare.

Norwegian units of measurement
As in the case of the Danes, the Norwegians' earliest standards of measure can be derived from their ship burials. The 60-Norwegian-feet-long Kvalsund ship (18.8 m; 61.8 ft) was built ca. 700 AD and differs from the Danish boats less than it does from the Oseberg, Gokstad and Tune ships which all date from ca. 800 AD. Thwarts are typically spaced about 3 Norwegian feet (0.94 m; 3.1 ft) apart.

In 1541, an alen in Denmark and Norway was defined by law to be the Sjælland alen. Subsequently, the alen was defined by law as 2 Rhine feet from 1683. From 1824, the basic unit was defined as a fot being derived from astronomy as the length of a one-second pendulum times 12/38 at a latitude of 45°. The metric system was introduced in Norway in 1875, with Norway being one of the original signatories of the meter convention.
Conrad Khunrath
Conrad Khunrath (1555, Leipzig – 1613, probably in Hamburg) was a German merchant, alchemist, mint worker, doctor, author, editor, and translator. He is particularly important as the author of Medulla destillatoria, a work of Paracelsian iatrochemistry which was published in many editions for well over a century.

Paracelsus
Paracelsus (/ˌpærəˈsɛlsəs/; German: [paʁaˈtsɛlzʊs]; 10 November 1493 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance.

He was a pioneer in several aspects of the medical revolution of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the "father of toxicology". Paracelsus also had a substantial influence as a prophet or diviner, his "Prognostications" being studied by Rosicrucians in the 17th century. Paracelsianism is the early modern medical movement inspired by the study of his works.
Sir Benjamin Slade, 7th Baronet
Sir Benjamin Julian Alfred Slade, 7th Baronet (born 1945/1946) is a British aristocrat, businessman, and self-publicist, who is a member of the Slade baronets. He lives at Maunsel House in Somerset, England.

Slade is the current holder of the Slade baronets, created in 1831 for his great-great-great-grandfather General Sir John Slade, 1st Baronet.

Sir John Slade, 1st Baronet
General Sir John Slade, 1st Baronet, GCH (31 December 1762 – 13 August 1859) served as a general officer in the British Army during the Peninsular War. Slade was praised in official reports, including by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who also voiced some criticisms of him privately. Slade received an Army Gold Medal, and was honoured three times with the thanks of Parliament. Slade's descendants include two admirals, namely son Sir Adolphus Slade and grandson Sir Edmond Slade. Despite achieving high rank during and after active soldiering, Slade was criticised as a general of cavalry by some contemporaries and historians.
Pablo Arosemena
Pablo Arosemena Alba (24 September 1836 – 19 August 1920) was the first presidential designate of Panama at the time of resignation of Carlos Antonio Mendoza, and in that capacity became the President of Panama from 5 October 1910 to 1 October 1912

He was elected as the first presidential designate by the National Assembly for the term 1904-1906 and again for the term 1910–1912.

Vice President of Panama
The vice president of Panama is the second-highest political position in the Government of Panama. Since 2009, the position of Vice President has been held by three people.

Before 1945 there were positions of presidential designates elected by the National Assembly for a two-year term. The positions of presidential designates were replaced in 1945 by two vice presidents.

According to the current constitution, Vice President is elected in the same ticket as the President of Panama.
1952 Thomas Cup
The 1952 Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948–49, it was held every three years until 1982 and thereafter has been held every two years. Twelve national teams contested for the Thomas Cup in the 1951-1952 badminton season, the tournament's second edition. According to the rules then in place Malaya was exempt from earlier ties (team matches), needing only to defend its title in a conclusive challenge round tie. The other contestants were divided into three regional qualifying zones, the Pacific, Europe, and Pan America, for the early ties. The winners of each zone then played-off in Malaya for the right to face Malaya in the challenge round. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.

1949 Thomas Cup
The 1949 Thomas Cup was the inaugural tournament of Thomas Cup, the most important men's badminton team competition in the world.

The tournament was originally planned  for 1941–1942 (badminton seasons in the northern hemisphere traditionally ran from the autumn of one calendar year to the spring of the next), but was delayed when World War II exploded across the continents. Sir George's dream was finally realized in 1948-1949 when ten national teams participated in the first Thomas Cup competition.
Essenheim
Essenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈɛsn̩haɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
BMW 7 Series (E65)
The fourth generation of the BMW 7 Series consists of the BMW E65 and BMW E66 luxury cars. The E65/E66 was produced from 2001 to 2008 and is often collectively referred to as the E65. The E65 replaced the E38 7 Series and was produced with petrol and turbo-diesel straight-six and V8 engines, along with a petrol V12 flagship model.

The E65 was the first BMW vehicle to include the iDrive infotainment system, and the exterior styling (overseen by Chris Bangle) marked a significant departure from traditional BMW styling. Other new features included active anti-roll bars, a six-speed automatic transmission, an electronic Smart Key (dispensing with the traditional metallic key), and night vision. The 760i model also utilised the world's first production V12 engine to use direct injection.

In late 2008, the E65 7 Series was replaced by the F01 7 Series.

Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.
Kangnas Wind Power Station
The Kangnas Wind Power Station is an operational 140 MW (190,000 hp) wind power plant in South Africa. The power station was developed and is owned by a consortium of international IPPs and financiers. Commercial operations started in November 2020. The energy generated at this wind farm is sold to the South African national electricity utility company Eskom, under a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA).

Siemens Gamesa
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, S.A. was formed in 2017 in a merger of Siemens Wind Power division with Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica, S.A.; it is a Spanish-German wind engineering company based in Zamudio, Biscay, Spain. The company has two other main sites in Spain: one in Madrid and the other in Sarriguren. Other than its headquarters, its onshore business is primarily based in Spain, while the offshore business is based in Germany and Denmark. It is the world's second largest wind turbine manufacturer behind Vestas.

The company is notable for its SG 14.0-222 wind turbine, the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 platform, as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world. This turbine model is currently contracted to be installed in 14 projects globally, notably in Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Siemens Gamesa's main competition is the General Electric Haliade-X and the Vestas V236.
Clark Advanced Learning Center
Clark Advanced Learning Center is a public charter high school in Stuart, Florida in the Martin County School District that partners with Indian River State College. The school enrolled 250 students in a 2021 census. Its mascot is the crane and its main color is green.  The executive director is Debra Kohuth.

Clark Advanced Learning Center has been ranked as the third highest rated Florida high school on the Newsweek 2016 American's Top High Schools ratings, receiving a 110 out of 500 in the national ranking based on college readiness, graduation rate and college bound students.

Stuart, Florida
Stuart is a city in and the county seat of Martin County, Florida, United States. Located in southeastern Florida, Stuart is the largest of five incorporated municipalities in Martin County. The population is 17,425 according to the 2020 U.S. census. Stuart is the 126th largest city in Florida based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. It is part of the Port St. Lucie, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Stuart is frequently cited as one of the best small towns to visit in the U.S., in large part because of its proximity to the St. Lucie River, Indian River Lagoon, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Awen
Awen is a Welsh, Cornish and Breton word for "inspiration" (and typically poetic inspiration). In Welsh mythology, awen is the inspiration of the poets, or bards; its personification, Awen is the inspirational muse of creative artists in general. The inspired individual (often a poet or a soothsayer) is an awenydd.

In current usage, awen is sometimes ascribed to musicians and poets. Awen also occurs as a female given name. The word appears in the third stanza of "Hen Wlad fy Nhadau", the national anthem of Wales.

Llywarch ap Llywelyn
Llywarch ap Llywelyn (fl. 1173–1220) was an important medieval Welsh poet. He is also known by his bardic name, "Prydydd y Moch" ("poet of the pigs").

Llywarch was a poet at the court of the kingdom of Gwynedd in the reigns of Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd and Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, and he is known for a number of awdlau in praise of his lord. One of Llywarch's successors in the court of Gwynedd was the poet Dafydd Benfras, who may possibly have been his son.

He was a very nationalistic poet, and his fervent support for Llywelyn's policy of uniting Wales was a prominent element of his poetry.
Chris Ross (basketball)
Christopher Michael Ross (born March 9, 1985) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He also serves as an assistant coach for the same team.

Ross played high school basketball at John Jay High School in San Antonio, Texas, where as a junior, he made a 50-foot, half-court buzzer-beater to win the 2002 Class 5A state basketball championship for Jay. After high school he played college basketball at McLennan Community College and Marshall University.

Ross can play both guard positions and is currently the starting point guard for the Beermen. In his tenure with the Beermen, he is known for his defensive skills, thus recognized as one of the best defenders in the league.

2014–15 PBA Philippine Cup finals
The 2014–15 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Philippine Cup finals was the best-of-7 championship series of the 2014–15 PBA Philippine Cup, and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The San Miguel Beermen and the Alaska Aces competed for the 37th All-Filipino championship and the 113th overall championship contested by the league.
Black-crested Sumatran langur
The black-crested Sumatran langur (Presbytis melalophos) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The black Sumatran langur, black-and-white langur, Sarawak surili, Raffles' banded langur and mitered langur were formerly considered subspecies of P. melalophos.

Raffles' banded langur
The Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis), also known as the banded leaf monkey or banded surili, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Singapore and southern peninsular Malaysia. The species underwent taxonomic revisions in 2019 and 2020, in which two former subspecies were elevated to separate species. As a result, the Raffles' banded langur meets the criteria for being listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. It is mainly threatened by habitat loss.
KPTE
KPTE (92.9 FM, "92.9 The Point") is a radio station that is licensed to Durango, Colorado and serves the Four Corners area. The station is owned by Hutton Broadcasting, LLC and broadcasts an adult contemporary music format.

The station took on the former branding of its sister station KKDG, which used to be called "The Point". KPTE and its sister station KRWN swapped frequencies in May 2014, coinciding with the launch of the new branding, with KRWN moving to 92.5 FM and KPTE moving to 92.9 FM.

KKDG
KKDG (99.7 FM) is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Durango, Colorado and serves the Four Corners area. The station is currently owned by Hutton Broadcasting, LLC and is airing an adult album alternative format.
Váci NKSE
Váci NKSE are a Hungarian women's handball club from Vác, that play in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. Founded in 1949, the team have won promotion to the top-level championship first in 1998. Since then, they have been improved year by year and achieved their best result in 2010 by finishing third. However, in 2011, the club's main sponsor stepped down, following which Vác had to cut their budget and lost many of their key players.

Vác
Vác (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈvaːt͡s]; German: Waitzen; Slovak: Vacov; Yiddish: ווייצען) is a thousand-year old city in Pest county in Hungary with approximately 35,000 inhabitants. The archaic spelling of the name is Vácz.
Pogromets
Pogromets (Russian: Погромец) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pogromskoye Rural Settlement, Volokonovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Pogromskaya volost, Valuysky Uyezd, Voronezh Governorate. The population was 396 as of 2010. There are 8 streets.

Valuysky Uyezd
Valuysky Uyezd (Russian: Валуйский уезд; Ukrainian: Валуйський повіт, romanized: Valuiskyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Voronezh Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Valuyki.
Receptivity
Receptivity, or receptive agency, is a practical capacity and source of normativity, which, according to the philosopher Nikolas Kompridis, has both ontological and ethical dimensions, and refers to a mode of listening and "normative response" to demands arising outside the self, as well as "a way by which we might become more attuned to our pre-reflective understanding of the world, to our inherited ontologies," thereby generating non-instrumental possibilities for social change and self-transformation. Kompridis has argued for the importance of receptivity to democratic politics, romanticism and critical theory.

Instrumental and value rationality
The terms "Instrumental rationality" and "value rationality" refer to two types of action identified by sociologist Max Weber.

Instrumental rationality is a type of social action where the means are rationally chosen to efficiently achieve a specific end. Value rationality is social action driven by a conscious, unconditional belief in the value of the action itself, independent of its success or consequences.

The terms were introduced by sociologist Max Weber, who observed people attaching subjective meanings to their actions.  Acts people treated as conditional means he labeled "instrumentally rational." Acts people treated as unconditional ends he labeled "value-rational."
Continuum model of impression formation
In social psychology, the continuum model of impression formation was created by Fiske and Neuberg.

According to this model of impression formation, impressions are formed when individuals automatically categorize others into social categories. Upon categorization, individuals' responses to others are usually based on the activated emotions, cognitions, and behaviors that they associate with that social category. However, with sufficient motivation and resources, individuals can choose to ignore their stereotypes, get to know the person, and judge them based on learned individuating factors.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
2023 Samoa Honours and Awards
The 2023 Samoa Honours and Awards were appointments made by the O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa, Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II,  to various Orders, decorations, and medals of Samoa under the Honours and Awards Act 1999. The awards were announced on 31 May 2023. This was the first awards ceremony held since the 2017 Samoa Honours and Awards.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

2017 Samoa Honours and Awards
The 2017 Samoa Honours and Awards were appointments made by the O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa, Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Efi,  to various Orders, decorations, and medals of Samoa under the Honours and Awards Act 1999. The investiture ceremony was held on 3 February 2017. Following this ceremony no awards were made for six years.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Wayne Barnes
Wayne Barnes OBE (born 20 April 1979) is an English retired international rugby union referee. He was a frequent referee in the English Premiership, and refereed games in the Heineken Cup and the European Challenge Cup. At international level, Barnes refereed matches at the Rugby World Cup, the Six Nations, the Rugby Championship and the Pacific Nations Cup competitions.

Test match (rugby union)
A test match in rugby union is an international match, usually played between two senior national teams, that is recognised as such by at least one of the teams' national governing bodies.

Some teams do not represent a single country but their international games are still considered test matches (for example the British and Irish Lions). Likewise some countries award caps for games between their full national teams and some invitation teams such as the Barbarians.
Cum Laude Laurie
Cum Laude Laurie (May 25, 1974 – March 16, 1982) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred and raced by the Galbreath family of Darby Dan Farm, she was a daughter of the Champion sire Hail To Reason and the mare Primonetta, the 1962 American Champion Older Female Horse. Her damsire, Swaps was the 1956 American Horse of the Year and a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee.

Trained by Lou Rondinello and ridden by Ángel Cordero Jr., as a three-year-old, Cum Laude Laurie concluded her campaign with four straight stakes races, all of which were Grade 1 events.

She died after surgery for a mesenteric hernia at the age of 7 years, 9 months. At the time of her death, she was in foal to Foolish Pleasure and was due to foal on May 1, 1982.

Swaps (horse)
Swaps (March 1, 1952 – November 3, 1972) was a California bred American thoroughbred racehorse. He won the Kentucky Derby in 1955 and was named United States Horse of the Year in the following year. He was known as the "California Comet," and occasionally with affection, due to his wins despite numerous injuries and treatments, the "California Cripple."
Octene
Octene is an alkene with the formula C8H16. Several isomers of octene are known, depending on the position and the geometry of the double bond in the carbon chain.

The simplest isomer is 1-octene, an alpha-olefin used primarily as a co-monomer in production of polyethylene via the solution polymerization process. Several useful structural isomers of the octenes are obtained by dimerization of isobutene and 1-butene. These branched alkenes are used to alkylate phenols to give precursors to detergents. The dimerisation of isobutane generates diisobutenes

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Fannia armata
Fannia armata is a fly species in the Fanniidae family. This species is smaller and more slender than the house fly, Musca domestica, and is similar in appearance to the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis. It is found in the  Palearctic.   For identification see

Fanniidae
The Fanniidae are a small (285 species in five genera) group of true flies largely confined to the Holarctic and temperate Neotropical realms; there are 11 Afrotropical species, 29 Oriental, and 14 Australasian.

Adults are medium-sized to small and usually have mainly dark body and leg colours. Males congregate in characteristic dancing swarms beneath trees; females are more retiring in habit. Larvae are characterised by their flattened bodies with striking lateral protuberances, and live as scavengers in various kinds of decaying organic matter.

The lesser housefly Fannia canicularis is a worldwide synanthropic species.

Fanniidae are indicators useful in forensic entomology.