hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium.  The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves.  Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest.  These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area's crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.
As an analogy, one can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Neptuak Mountain
Neptuak Mountain was named by Samuel E.S. Allen in 1894. "Neptuak" is the Stoney Indian word for "nine" as Neptuak Mountain is peak #9 in the Valley of the Ten Peaks. It is located on the Continental Divide, which is also the British Columbia-Alberta border in this region, and is in the Bow Range of the Park Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. The summit is a tripoint for Banff National Park, Kootenay National Park, and Yoho National Park, where the three parks share a common border.

Continental Divide of the Americas
The Continental Divide of the Americas (also known as the Great Divide, the Western Divide or simply the Continental Divide; Spanish: Divisoria continental de América, Gran Divisoria) is the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas. The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan, and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from those river systems that drain into the Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and Hudson Bay.

Although there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas, the Continental Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes, at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions.
Doron Perkins
Doron Perkins (born May 6, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player and currently an assistant coach for the Cleveland Charge of the NBA G League. Standing at 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) he can play as either a point guard or a shooting guard. He was the 2009 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP, and the 2010 and 2011 Israeli Basketball Premier League Defensive Player of the Year.

Saski Baskonia
Club Deportivo Saski-Baskonia, S.A.D commonly known as Saski Baskonia (pronounced [s̺as̺ki bas̺konia]) and also simply as Baskonia, is a professional basketball team based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country. The team plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague.
Munnekemoer
Munnekemoer is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is a part of the municipality of Westerwolde, and lies about 14 km northeast of Emmen.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1781 as 't Munneke Moer, and means "moorland of the monks" which is a reference to the nearby Ter Apel Monastery. The postal authorities have placed it under Ter Apel. Munnekemoer has place name signs.

Westerwolde (municipality)
Westerwolde (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɛstərˈʋɔldə]; Gronings: Westerwoolde) is a municipality in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

The municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde have merged into the new municipality of Westerwolde on 1 January 2018. The municipality continues to use both municipal halls in Sellingen and Wedde.
HD 193373
HD 193373 (HR 7771) is a solitary red hued star located in the equatorial constellation Delphinus. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.21, placing it near the limit for naked eye visibility. Parallax measurements place it 846 light years distant and it is currently receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 22.7 km/s.

This is an asymptotic giant branch star with a stellar classification of M1 III. In its current state, the object is fusing hydrogen and helium shells around an inert carbon core. HR 7771 has 177% the mass of the Sun but has expanded to an enlarged radius of 57.5 R☉. It radiates at 592 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,884 K, giving a red hue. HD 193373 has an iron abundance 120% that of the Sun, making it slightly metal enriched.

Delphinus
Delphinus is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name  is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (δελφίς). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. It is one of the smaller constellations, ranked 69th in size. Delphinus' five brightest stars form a distinctive asterism symbolizing a dolphin with four stars representing the body and one the tail. It is bordered (clockwise from north) by Vulpecula, Sagitta, Aquila, Aquarius, Equuleus and Pegasus.

Delphinus is a faint constellation with only two stars brighter than an apparent magnitude of 4, Beta Delphini (Rotanev) at magnitude 3.6 and Alpha Delphini (Sualocin) at magnitude 3.8.
Turracher Höhe Pass
Turracher Höhe, also called Turracherhöhe, refers to a village, a pass across the Alps, and a countryside in the Gurktal Alps in Austria. The village and the Turracher Lake at the pass, which both share the same name, are separated by the border of the two federal states of Styria and Carinthia. Because of its distance to early settlement areas and its high location, the region was not settled until relatively late. In the 17th century, mining was started below the Turracherhöhe. The opening up of the top of the pass by a paved road did not occur until later. During the 20th century, the region was gradually developed for tourism. Efforts are being made to maintain the
diversity of flora and fauna of the Turracherhöhe by means of landscape conservation areas and careful and nature-oriented extension of the tourist facilities.

Mur (river)
The Mur (German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ⓘ) or Mura (Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa]; Croatian: [mǔːra]; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ]; Prekmurje Slovene: Müra or Möra) is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube.

The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary. The largest city on the river is Graz, Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km2 (5,448 sq mi).

Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz, the Sulm, the Ščavnica, the Ledava and the Trnava.
HK U23 Football Team
The Hong Kong U23 Football Team (Chinese: 香港U23足球隊) was a Hong Kong professional football team managed by the Hong Kong Football Association. Mainly formed by U23 local players, the team once competed in the Hong Kong Premier League. They were dissolved after the end of the 2023–24 season.

Hong Kong Premier League
The Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 香港超級聯賽) is a Hong Kong professional football league organised by the Football Association of Hong Kong. It is currently sponsored by the BOC Life and officially known as the BOC Life Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 中銀人壽香港超級聯賽). The inaugural season began in September 2014. It is the top-division football league in Hong Kong.
2004 Skate Canada International
The 2004 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 2004–05 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Metro Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia on October 28–31. Medals were awarded in disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2004–05 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the rhumba.

2004–05 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2004–05 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an elite figure skating competition held at the Capital Gymnasium in Beijing, China from December 16 to 19, 2004. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The Grand Prix Final was the culminating event of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series, which consisted of Skate America, Skate Canada International, Cup of China, Trophée Éric Bompard, Cup of Russia, and NHK Trophy competitions. The top six skaters from each discipline competed in the final.
Mackaya bella
Mackaya bella, called the forest bell bush, is a species of flowering plant in the acanthus family Acanthaceae, native to South Africa (Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, and Northern Provinces) and Eswatini.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
ICON A5
The ICON A5 is an American amphibious light-sport aircraft (LSA) designed and produced by ICON Aircraft. A concept aircraft was first flown in 2008, and creation of the production tooling began in December 2012. The first production aircraft made its first flight on July 7, 2014, and made its public debut at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh on July 27, 2014. A year later at AirVenture, it was temporarily donated to the youth group Young Eagles, with the first official A5 customer deliveries occurring in 2016. As of 2019, 100 A5s had been delivered, although company legal and financial issues have slowed production since 2016.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
Vrućevce Mosque
The Vrućevce Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia në Vryqec) is a cultural heritage monument built in 1826 in Vrućevce, Kamenica, Kosovo. Built of clay-mortared stone, the mosque lies halfway between Vrućevce and Marovce, and the two villages share it as a place of worship. There is no minaret.

Kamenica, Kosovo
Kamenica or Dardana (Albanian indefinite form: Kamenicë or Dardanë), or Kosovska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Косовска Каменица), is a town and municipality located in the Gjilan District of Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, the municipality of Kamenica has 22,868 inhabitants, while the town has 5,206 inhabitants.
Gmina Poniec
Gmina Poniec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Poniec, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Gostyń and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 132.32 square kilometres (51.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,866 (out of which the population of Poniec amounts to 2,875, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,991).

Gostyń
Gostyń ([ˈɡɔstɨɲ], German: Gostyn, 1941-45: Gostingen) is a town in western Poland, seat of the Gostyń County and Gmina Gostyń in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (from 1975 to 1998 in Leszno Voivodship). According to 31 December 2023 data its population was 27,846.

The main landmark of Gostyń is Basilica of Święta Góra (Holy Hill), the main Marian sanctuary of the archdiocese of Poznań and a masterpiece of Pompeo Ferrari, with the monastery of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri.
Valentin Konovalov
Valentin Olegovich Konovalov (Russian: Валенти́н Оле́гович Конова́лов; born November 30, 1987) is a Russian politician who has served as the Head of Khakassia since 2018. He was a local politician before assuming the office.

A member of the Communist Party, he was supported by the right-wing LDPR in his successful bid to unseat the incumbent head Viktor Zimin of the ruling United Russia party, highlighting a rise in anti-establishment sentiment in the country during the period. Coordinated efforts to prevent him from winning the second round garnered national attention, with a similar situation occurring during his successful bid for re-election in 2023. Konovalov has described tackling corruption as the focus of his governorship.

Head of the Republic of Khakassia
The Head of the Republic – Prime Minister of the Republic of Khakassia is the highest office within the Government of the Republic of Khakassia in Russia. The Head is elected by citizens of Russia residing in the republic. Term of service is five years.
Roberto Ayala
Roberto Fabián Ayala ([roˈβeɾto faˈβjan aˈʝala]; born 14 April 1973), nicknamed El Ratón ("The Mouse"), is an Argentine former footballer who played as a centre back for the Argentina national football team, as well as Valencia and Real Zaragoza in Spain, Milan and Napoli in Italy, and Ferro Carril, River Plate and Racing Club in his native Argentina.

Regarded as one of the best defenders of his generation, he stood out for his leadership and ability in the air throughout his career in spite of his small stature as a centre back. Ayala captained Argentina in a record 63 matches. He played in three FIFA World Cups and made a total of 115 international appearances.

2003–04 UEFA Cup
The 2003–04 UEFA Cup was won by Valencia in the final against Marseille. It wrapped up a league and UEFA Cup double for Valencia.

Porto could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League and also went on to win the final for their second European Cup title.
2015 Women's Africa Cup Sevens
The 2015 Women's Africa Cup Sevens was a women's rugby sevens tournament for the continental championship of Africa and a qualification tournament for rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics. The competition was held in Kempton Park, South Africa on 26–27 September 2015. It was the fifth all-continental African Women's Sevens Championship, hosting teams from both Northern and Southern Africa.

South Africa, as the tournament winner, qualified directly for the Olympic Games but their National Olympic Committee decided not to send a team so the runner-up, Kenya, took their place. The next three place-getters, Tunisia, Zimbabwe and Tunisia progressed to the final qualifying competition to play-off for inclusion in the 2016 Games.

2016 Rugby World Women's Sevens Olympic Repechage Tournament
The 2016 Rugby World Women's Sevens Olympic Repechage Tournament was a qualification tournament for the women's rugby sevens 2016 Summer Olympics which was held on 25–26 June 2016. The tournament used a round-robin format, with the top team qualifying directly to the Olympics.

The tournament took place at the UCD Bowl in Dublin, Ireland.
2005 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 2005 Dubai Duty Free Men's and Women's Tennis Championships was the 13th edition of this tennis tournament and was played on outdoor hard courts.  The tournament was part of the International Series Gold of the 2005 ATP Tour and the Tier II series of the 2005 WTA Tour. It took place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from February 21 through March 7, 2005.

2005 ATP Tour
This is a list of the tournaments played in the 2005 season of Men's tennis (calendar year), including ATP events and ITF events (This does not include the ITF Men's Circuit, only the ATP circuit). Changes were made to match format during this season. The third set of doubles matches was no longer played as a traditional set. Instead it was played as a match tie break first to 10 and clear by 2, to decide the winner.
2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship
The 2012 ABSA Under-21 Provincial Championship will be contested from 13 July to 27 October 2012. The tournament will feature the Under-21 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa.

2013 Under-21 Provincial Championship
The 2013 ABSA Under-21 Provincial Championship will be contested from 12 July to 26 October 2013. The tournament will feature the Under-21 players from the fourteen provincial rugby unions in South Africa.
Tussilago
Tussilago farfara, commonly known as coltsfoot,: 770  is a plant in the tribe Senecioneae in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and parts of western and central Asia. The name "tussilago" is derived from the Latin tussis, meaning cough, and ago, meaning to cast or to act on. It has had uses in traditional medicine, but the discovery of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the plant has resulted in liver health concerns.

Tussilago farfara is the only accepted species in the genus Tussilago, although more than two dozen other species have at one time or another been considered part of this group. Most of them are now regarded as members of other genera (Chaptalia, Chevreulia, Farfugium, Homogyne, Leibnitzia, Petasites, Senecio).

Farfugium
Farfugium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to streams and seashores in east Asia.  They are rhizomatous evergreen perennials with rounded leathery leaves and bright yellow flowers in autumn and winter. Species include Farfugium japonicum, with variegated cultivars for use in horticulture.

Species

Farfugium hiberniflorum (Makino) Kitam. - Kyushu

Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam. - China, Korea, Japan (incl Nansei-shoto + Ogasawara-shoto)
Air Mobility Rodeo
The Air Mobility Rodeo was a biennial, international airlift competition hosted by the United States Air Force (USAF) Air Mobility Command (AMC).  AMC gathers wings from active duty, reserve, and Air National Guard units from across the United States and around the world to test and improve tactics in a competitive environment.  In this environment units are able to demonstrate capabilities, improve procedures, compare notes, and enhance standardization for global operations.

The final Air Mobility Rodeo was held at McChord Air Force Base, during July 2011. The USAF decided to replace it with a new AMC exercise called Mobility Guardian. The first Mobility Guardian exercise took place 30 July to 12 August 2017 at JB Lewis-McChord

19th Airlift Wing
The 19th Airlift Wing is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Mobility Command's Eighteenth Air Force. It is stationed at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas. The wing is also the host unit at Little Rock.

The Wing provides the Department of Defense its largest Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport fleet, supplying humanitarian airlift relief to victims of disasters, to airdropping supplies and troops into the heart of contingency operations in hostile areas.

Active for over 60 years, the 19th was part of Strategic Air Command's deterrent force during the Cold War. The wing served in the Korean War and Operation Desert Storm.  It is currently engaged in combat operations.

The 19th Airlift Wing is commanded by Colonel Denny R. Davies.  Its Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Matthew A. Pease.
Armagh River
The Armagh River (in French: rivière Armagh) is a tributary of the Filkars River which flows on the south bank of the Beaurivage River whose current flows successively on the west bank of the Chaudière River and on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. It flows in the municipality of Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière, in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

Lotbinière Regional County Municipality
Lotbinière (French pronunciation: [lɔtbinjɛʁ]) is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. It is an almost exclusively rural RCM, with no village with a population above 4,000. As of the 2016 Canadian census, the RCM had a population of 31,741. Its seat is in Sainte-Croix.
Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.

Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms) and most fungi, and are only present in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, cycads, and Ginkgo. A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a highly ordered mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material (PCM), makes up a structure called a centrosome.

Centrioles are typically made up of nine sets of short microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder. Deviations from this structure include crabs and Drosophila melanogaster embryos, with nine doublets, and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos, with nine singlets. Additional proteins include centrin, cenexin and tektin.

The main function of centrioles is to produce cilia during interphase and the aster and the spindle during cell division.