hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical modeling
Geochemical modeling or theoretical geochemistry is the practice of using chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, or both, to analyze the chemical reactions that affect geologic systems, commonly with the aid of a computer. It is used in high-temperature geochemistry to simulate reactions occurring deep in the Earth's interior, in magma, for instance, or to model low-temperature reactions in aqueous solutions near the Earth's surface, the subject of this article.

Component (thermodynamics)
In thermodynamics, a component is one of a collection of chemically independent constituents of a system. The number of components represents the minimum number of independent chemical species necessary to define the composition of all phases of the system.

Calculating the number of components in a system is necessary when applying Gibbs' phase rule in determination of the number of degrees of freedom of a system.

The number of components is equal to the number of distinct chemical species (constituents), minus the number of chemical reactions between them, minus the number of any constraints (like charge neutrality or balance of molar quantities).
Aruna Dindane
Aruna Dindane (born 26 November 1980) is an Ivorian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He has 62 caps and 17 goals for the Ivory Coast since his debut in 2000, and has played at four Africa Cup of Nations and two FIFA World Cups. At club level, he has played for clubs in Belgium, France, England and Qatar, as well as in the Ivory Coast.

2006 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2006 Africa Cup of Nations was the 25th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa. It was hosted by Egypt, from 20 January to 10 February. Just like in 2004, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fifth championship, beating Ivory Coast in the final 4–2 in a penalty shootout after the regulation time had ended in a goalless draw.
Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under the SCAF
The following is a chronological summary of the major events that occurred during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, after Hosni Mubarak's resignation. Protests and riots led to the deaths of hundreds, injuries of thousands and the arrests of tens of thousands. Millions have mobilised the streets since the revolution.

Mansour el-Essawy
Mansour el-Essawi (Arabic: منصور العيسوى; IPA: [mɑnˈsˤuːɾ elˈʕesæwi]; 18 September 1937 – 16 January 2023) was an Egyptian politician who served as minister of interior. He was appointed by Prime Minister Essam Sharaf on 5 March 2011.
Passive solar building design
In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.

The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis. Elements to be considered include window placement and size, and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or "retrofitted".

Energy audit
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building.  It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprint.
Gender recognition certificate
In some countries, a gender recognition certificate is a vital record to indicate a legal change of gender identity. This is distinct from a birth certificate, which is often amended in various countries following a legal gender change.

Birth certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a healthcare professional such as a midwife or doctor.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 of 2015, an integral part of the 2030 Agenda, has a target to increase the timely availability of data regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, and other relevant characteristics which documents like a birth certificate have the capacity to provide.
Universidad Iberoamericana
The Ibero-American University (Spanish: Universidad Iberoamericana), commonly known as La Ibero and abbreviated as UIA, is a private Catholic Mexican higher education institution sponsored by the Mexican Province of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 2009, UIA received the SEP-ANUIES Prize as the best private university in Mexico. The university's flagship campus is located in the Santa Fe district of Mexico City.

Its main library, Biblioteca Francisco Xavier Clavigero, holds more than 400,000 books and journals and as of 2007 is one of the largest university libraries in the country.

Other institutions affiliated with, but independent from, Ibero in Mexico City are found in Guadalajara, León, Torreón, Puebla, Playas de Tijuana, and Jaltepec. Together, they form the Jesuit University System, a network of Jesuit-run private universities.

Intercultural Institute of Ayuuk
Intercultural Institute of Ayuuk (ISIA) (Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk) is a small Jesuit University in the indigenous region of the Mixe people in Jaltepec de Candayoc, Oaxaca, Southern Mexico. It addresses the desire of the Mixe people to preserve their livelihood and culture amidst contrary global forces. Support for ISIA has come from the other Jesuit universities in Mexico and from foreign benefactors.
YG Plus
YG Plus Inc. (previously Phoenix Holdings Inc.) is a South Korean publicly traded media and advertising company acquired by YG Entertainment in November 2014. In 2019, the company entered the music distribution industry and also engages in production, distribution, and licensing of merchandise related to music artists.

Studio Dragon
Studio Dragon Corporation (Korean: 스튜디오드래곤 주식회사) is a South Korean drama production, marketing and distribution company under CJ ENM Entertainment Division. It was established on May 3, 2016, as a spin-off from E&M's drama division. In 2018, Studio Dragon became a subsidiary of CJ ENM after their previous parent company, CJ E&M, was merged into CJ ENM.

The company joined the KOSDAQ index of the Korea Exchange, the same index where its parent company is listed, through an initial public offering on November 24, 2017.

Studio Dragon has partnered with Netflix to carry numerous TVN dramas like Crash Landing on You and It's Okay to Not Be Okay on the platform. Their partnership was expected to expire in 2022 as CJ ENM, founder of Studio Dragon, has decided to focus on TVING following the merger with KT Seezn, which also owned minority shares on KT StudioGenie, who founded the streaming platform Seezn.
Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion
The Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) is a global chemostratigraphic event which occurred during the upper Cambrian period between 497 and 494 million years ago. This event corresponds with the ICS Guzhangian-Paibian Stage boundary and the Marjuman-Steptoean stage boundary in North America. The general signature of the SPICE event is a positive δ13C excursion, characterized by a 4 to 6 ‰ (per mille) shift in δ13C values within carbonate successions around the world. SPICE was first described in 1993, and then named later in 1998. In both these studies, the SPICE excursion was identified and trends were observed within Cambrian formations of the Great Basin of the western United States.

Chemostratigraphy
Chemostratigraphy, or chemical stratigraphy, is the study of the chemical variations within sedimentary sequences to determine stratigraphic relationships. The field is relatively young, having only come into common usage in the early 1980s, but the basic idea of chemostratigraphy is nearly as old as stratigraphy itself: distinct chemical signatures can be as useful as distinct fossil assemblages or distinct lithographies in establishing stratigraphic relationships between different rock layers.
Nivatogastrium
Nivatogastrium is a genus of secotioid fungi in the family Strophariaceae. The genus has contained four species found in North America and New Zealand, but the type species, Nivatogastrium nubigenum, is now considered to be a gasteroid species of Pholiota, and was transferred to that genus in 2014.

Pholiota
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
Malin Moström
Malin Sofi Moström (born 1 August 1975) is a Swedish former football midfielder, from 2001 to 2006 she was the captain of the Sweden women's national football team. Nicknamed "Mosan", she retired in December 2006 in order to focus on her family and new career as a property agent.

One Club Award
The One Club Award is a football award established in 2015 by the Spanish club Athletic Bilbao to reward footballers whose careers in a single team represent values of loyalty, commitment, responsibility, sportsmanship and respect that the club considers linked to its identity. The award is presented at halftime during an Athletic Bilbao home match by club ambassador José Ángel Iribar.

It is one of the few awards given out by an individual club that celebrates players from other teams. For that reason, the award has been described as rare point of non-tribalism in the modern game. The male award, The One Club Man, has been awarded since 2015, while also awarding a female award, known as One Club Woman, from 2019.
Cora maxima
Cora maxima is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Karina Wilk, Manuela Dal Forno, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet maxima refers to its relatively large size—its thallus grows up to 20 cm (8 in) across. The lichen is only known to occur in Bolivia, where it grows as an epiphyte in tropical mountainous rainforests.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Tami Zawistowski
Tami Zawistowski is an American politician from the state of Connecticut. She is a member of the Republican Party representing the 61st district. On April 11, 2014, she won a special election to the Connecticut House of Representatives, succeeding Elaine O'Brien, who died in office.

Elaine O'Brien
Elaine Catherine Corrigan O'Brien Donnelly (August 1, 1955 – February 21, 2014) was an American flight instructor and politician.

Born in Medford, Massachusetts, O'Brien received her bachelor's degree from Pennsylvania State University and her masters from Westfield State University, She had multiple careers, including in aviation as a pilot and flight instructor, and in state and local government. She served on the local board of education and as town clerk. She then served in the Connecticut House of Representatives, from Suffield, Connecticut, as a Democrat from 2010 until her death in 2014.

She died in West Hartford, Connecticut from glioblastoma at age 58.
Bodai
Bodai (Arabic: بوداي) is a Lebanese town in Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, situated west of the Litani River in the foothills of Mount Lebanon. Bodai is located 15 km (9 miles) northwest of the ancient city of Baalbek and 26 km (16 miles) from the Lebanese–Syrian border and is 90 kilometers (55.926 mi) away from the capital of Beirut. Bodai, which sits in the foothills of the Mount Lebanon range, has views across the Beqaa Valley toward the city of Baalbek, and the Anti-Lebanon range that divides Lebanon from Syria.

Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (Arabic: وادي البقاع, romanized: Wādī l-Biqā‘, Lebanese Arabic: [bʔaːʕ]; also romanized as Bekaa, Bekai, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region. Industry, especially the country's agricultural industry, also flourishes in Beqaa. The region broadly corresponds to the Coele-Syria of classical antiquity.

The Beqaa is located about 30 km (19 mi) east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and the Anti-Lebanon mountains to the east. It is the northern continuation of the Jordan Rift Valley, and thus part of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is 120 kilometres (75 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide on average. It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers.
J. W. Callahan House
The J. W. Callahan House is a Classical Revival-style house in Bainbridge, Georgia that was built in c. 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

It was home of John Wesley Callahan, steamship businessman. It is a two-and-a-half-story house with a dormered hipped roof supported by a monumental portico with four Corinthian columns. It has a curved one-story porch around three sides of the house.

Bainbridge, Georgia
Bainbridge is a city in Decatur County, Georgia, United States. The city is the county seat of Decatur County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,468, up from 12,697 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Bainbridge, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area and a principal city in the Tallahassee—Bainbridge, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area.
Guillaume Pisdoé
Guillaume Pisdoé, also known as Guillaume de Piedoue or Pizdoue, was the third Mayor of Paris in 1297 and again in 1304 under Philip IV of France. His son Guillaume II Pisdoé served as the First Equerry of the King (Master of Stables) in 1316, charged with carrying the Royal Sword of Philip V.

Mayor of Paris
The mayor of Paris (French: Maire de Paris, [mɛʁ d(ə) paʁi]) is the chief executive of Paris, the capital and largest city in France.

The officeholder is responsible for the administration and management of the city, submits proposals and recommendations to the Council of Paris, is active in the enforcement of the city's ordinances, submits the city's annual budget and appoints city officers, department commissioners or directors, as well as members of city boards and commissions. During meetings of the Council of Paris, the mayor serves as the presiding officer, as it is the case in any other commune in France. Since Paris doubles as a department as well, the mayor also has the rank of a departmental council president.

Since 5 April 2014, Anne Hidalgo of the Socialist Party has been Mayor of Paris.
Congressional Anti-Bullying Caucus
The Congressional Caucus to End Bullying was a congressional caucus of the United States Congress dedicated to advocacy of bills which target bullying in educational institutions and other establishments with anti-bullying legislation. It was headed by Rep. Mike Honda and was launched on June 28, 2012. It ended in January 2017 when Rep. Mike Honda lost his bid for reelection.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Donegi Abena
Donegi Abena (born February 23, 1998) is a Surinamese-Dutch kickboxer who competed in the Light Heavyweight division of Glory, where he is the former Glory Light Heavyweight champion.

As of 1 June 2024, Abena is ranked the #1 light-heavyweight in the world by GLORY. He's been ranked in the Combat Press top ten since November 2018.

2019 in Glory
The year 2019 was the eighth year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The first event of the year, Glory 63: Houston, would also be the first to be broadcast on UFC Fight Pass as part of a new agreement with the UFC that saw their Fight Pass streaming service become the exclusive carrier of Glory events in the United States. Glory events were also broadcast through television agreements with Veronica TV, and other regional channels around the world.
Shenandoah River
The Shenandoah River /ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/ is the principal tributary of the Potomac River, 55.6 miles (89.5 km) long with two forks approximately 100 miles (160 km) long each, in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. The river and its tributaries drain the central and lower Shenandoah Valley and the Page Valley in the Appalachians on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in northwestern Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia. There is a hydroelectric plant along the Shenandoah River constructed in 2014 by Dominion.

Eastern panhandle of West Virginia
The eastern panhandle is one of the two panhandles in the U.S. state of West Virginia; the other is the northern panhandle. It is a small stretch of territory in the northeast of the state, bordering Maryland and Virginia. Some sources and regional associations only identify the eastern panhandle as being composed of Morgan, Berkeley, and Jefferson Counties. Berkeley and Jefferson Counties are geographically located in the Shenandoah Valley. West Virginia is the only U.S. state with two panhandles.
Timeline of Tenrikyo
The following is a timeline of the Tenrikyo religion, highlighting significant events since the birth of Tenrikyo's foundress Miki Nakayama. Specific dates are provided in parentheses; the lunar calendar is indicated with ordinal numbers (e.g. 18th day of 4th month) while the Gregorian calendar is indicated with name and number (e.g. August 15).

The Doctrine of Tenrikyo
The Doctrine of Tenrikyo (Japanese: 天理教教典 Tenrikyō kyōten) is the official doctrine of the Tenrikyo religion, published and sanctioned by Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. The Doctrine of Tenrikyo is one of the supplemental texts (準原典 jun-genten) of the Tenrikyo scriptures, along with The Life of Oyasama and Anecdotes of Oyasama. Although a doctrine was published in 1903, in 1949 the Tenrikyo doctrine was completely rewritten and is the one currently used today.
Anti-submarine warfare carrier
An anti-submarine warfare carrier (ASW carrier) (US hull classification symbol CVS) is a type of small aircraft carrier whose primary role is as the nucleus of an anti-submarine warfare hunter-killer group. This type of ship came into existence during the Cold War as a development of the escort carriers used in the ASW role in the North Atlantic during World War II.

Grumman S-2 Tracker
The Grumman S-2 Tracker (S2F prior to 1962) is the first purpose-built, single airframe anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to enter service with the United States Navy. Designed and initially built by Grumman, the Tracker was of conventional design — propeller-driven with twin radial engines, a high wing that could be folded for storage on aircraft carriers, and tricycle undercarriage. The type was exported to a number of navies around the world. Introduced in 1952, the Tracker and its E-1 Tracer derivative saw service in the U.S. Navy until the mid-1970s, and its C-1 Trader derivative until the mid-1980s, with a few aircraft remaining in service with other air arms into the 21st century. Argentina was the last country to operate the Tracker, with the last two Trackers being taken out of service on 19 November 2025.
Joel Lexchin
Joel Lexchin is a professor emeritus at the York University Faculty of Health where he taught about pharmaceutical policy, an Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, an emergency physician at the Toronto General Hospital and a Fellow in the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Lexchin is the author of over 160 peer-reviewed publications.

Pharmaceutical policy
Pharmaceutical policy is a branch of health policy that deals with the development, provision and use of medications within a health care system. It embraces drugs (both brand name and generic), biologics (products derived from living sources, as opposed to chemical compositions), vaccines and natural health products.
Toszek
Toszek [ˈtɔʂɛk] (German: Tost) is a town in southern Poland. It is situated within Gliwice County in the Silesian Voivodeship (province), and its population was estimated at 3,600 inhabitants in 2019. It is situated on the Toszecki Potok River, a tributary of Kłodnica.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Joe Young (dual player)
Joseph Young (15 November 1933 – 6 May 2023) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with St. Vincent's and An Chéad Cath, and also lined out as a dual player at inter-county level with various Dublin and Galway teams.

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
Kilmurry Ibrickane GAA
Kilmurry-Ibrickane GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Clare, Ireland.

The club only plays gaelic football, and were Clare Senior Football Champions last in 2020, and won the Munster Senior Club Football Championship in 2004 and 2009.

Cusack Cup (Clare Football League Division 1)
The Cusack Cup is an annual GAA club competition organised by the Clare County Board between the top gaelic football clubs in County Clare, Ireland. It is the top division of the Clare Club Football League.

The current (2025) champions are Éire Óg who defeated their neighbours and local rivals, Doora-Barefield, by 3-19 to 0-14 after extra time, to win their first title since 2003, and fourth overall.