hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sainte-Marie Island (Richelieu River)
L'île Sainte-Marie (English: Sainte-Marie Island) is a river island of the Richelieu River. It is located in the territory of the municipality of Carignan, in the La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region from Montérégie, in the south of province of Quebec, to Canada.

Île Sainte-Marie is located downstream from Sainte-Thérèse Island, from which it is separated by a narrow channel.

River island
A river island is any exposed landmass surrounded by river water. Properly defined, it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands in river deltas such as Marajó.

These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander. Nascent vegetation-free shoals and mudflats may dissipate and shift or build up into such islands through deposition; the process may be assisted through artificial reinforcement or natural factors, such as reeds, palms, evergreen trees or willows, that act as obstacles or erosion barriers, so that water flows around them. Islands may be small or large, covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below.
Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran
Ettehadiyeh-ye Sendika-ye Kargaran-e Iran (Persian: اتحادیه سندیکای کارگران ایران, known by its acronym 'اسکی', ESKI) was a trade union centre in Iran. It was founded on the initiative of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda in September 1946, with the explicit purpose of competing with the Tudeh-led Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran (CUC). The task of setting up ESKI had been delegated to Mehdi Sharif-Emami, the director of the Dispute Settlement Department of the Ministry of Labour and Propaganda. ESKI published the newspaper Kargaran-e Iran. ESKI was a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.

Central Council of United Trade Unions
The Central Council of United Trade Unions (abbreviated CCUTU, Persian: شورای متحده مرکزی اتحادیه کارگران و زحمتکشان ایران, 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a trade union centre in Iran.
Charge-pump phase-locked loop
Charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) is a modification of phase-locked loops with phase-frequency detectors and square waveform signals. A CP-PLL allows for a quick lock of the phase of the incoming signal, achieving low steady state phase error.

Phase detector
A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs.

The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked loop (PLL). Detecting phase difference is important in other applications, such as motor control, radar and telecommunication systems, servo mechanisms, and demodulators.
Edwin Brockholst Livingston
Edwin Brockholst Livingston (August 17, 1852 – May 14, 1929) was an amateur historian.  His lifetime work was the research and publication of the genealogy of the Scottish Livingston family of Callendar, and the offshoots of the family that sought their fortune in colonial America.  These included, Robert “the Founder”, Governor William Livingston of New Jersey and his brother Philip who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Judge Robert R. Livingston of Clermont and his son, plus Edward Livingston, the friend and adviser of Andrew Jackson.

Philip Livingston
Philip Livingston (January 15, 1716 – June 12, 1778) was an American Founding Father, merchant, politician, and slave trader from New York City. He represented New York at the October 1774 First Continental Congress, where he favored imposing economic sanctions upon Great Britain as a way of pressuring the British Parliament to repeal the Intolerable Acts.  Livingston was also a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Independence.
Skull Island: Rise of Kong
Skull Island: Rise of Kong is a 2023 action-adventure video game developed by IguanaBee and published by GameMill Entertainment. The game is based on the King Kong novels by DeVito Artworks.

The game was officially announced on July 20, 2023, after being leaked a day earlier. It was released on October 17 of the same year for PlayStation 5, PlayStation 4, Xbox Series X/S, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, and PCs via Steam. The game received negative reviews from critics.

Skull Island (King Kong)
Skull Island is a fictional island in the 1933 film King Kong and its sequels, remakes, and other King Kong stories. It is the home of King Kong and several other species of creatures, mostly prehistoric and in some cases species that should have been extinct long before the rise of the mammals, along with a primitive society of humans.

In the 1962 King Kong vs. Godzilla and the 1967 King Kong Escapes, the corresponding islands are Faro Island and Mondo Island. Kong plays a similar role in these islands as the god-like being of the land, a role he plays in all versions of the King Kong story. Skull Island's origins are unknown, but Kong appears to be the only giant gorilla on the island. However, the 2005 remake shows skeletons of Kong-sized gorillas, indicating that there was once a group of many such creatures on the island. Additionally, 2017's Kong: Skull Island shows the skeletons of Kong's parents.
Competitive landscape
Competitive landscape is a business analysis method that identifies direct or indirect competitors to help comprehend their mission, vision, core values, niche market, strengths, and weaknesses. Based on the volatile nature of the business world, where companies represent a competition to others, this analysis helps to establish a new mind-set which facilitates the creation of strategic competitiveness.

Due to the hypercompetition of the environment, the traditional sources of getting competitive advantage does not represent any more an effective strategy, as a result of the emergence of a global economy and technology. Consequently, this emergence is analyzed to develop intelligence for competitive analysis. Investment in strategic management is the foundation for business stability because it helps to develop the fundamental basis of the business and be competitive inside the market.

Competitive advantage
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.

A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Montenegrins in Germany
Montenegrins living in Germany (German: Montenegriner in Deutschland) are supported and represented by various associations. They number around 30,000. Some Montenegrins immigrated during the 1960s and 1970s as Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") when Montenegro was still a part of Yugoslavia. A minority arrived as refugees during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s.

Some Montenegrins still want to migrate to Germany, especially from the northern parts of Montenegro. In 2015, approximately 6,000 attempted to travel into Germany to seek asylum but were unsuccessful. In 2016, 683 Montenegrins were granted work permits. In 2017, this number rose to 876. In 2018, Germany made it easier for Montenegrins to gain a work permit.

Gastarbeiter
In German-speaking countries, the term Gastarbeiter (pronounced [ˈɡastˌʔaʁbaɪtɐ] ⓘ; both singular and plural) refers to foreign or migrant workers, particularly those who had moved to West Germany between 1955 and 1973, seeking work as part of a formal guest worker program (German: Gastarbeiterprogramm).

Other countries had similar programs: in the Netherlands and Belgium it was called the gastarbeider program; in Sweden, Denmark and Norway it was called arbetskraftsinvandring (workforce-immigration); and in East Germany such workers were called Vertragsarbeiter.
Kira Kira Happy Hirake! Cocotama
Kira Kira Happy ★ Hirake! Cocotama is a Japanese anime television series animated by OLM, Inc. and a sequel and a spinoff to Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama, based on both the series of toys and Media Franchise created by Bandai Namco Holdings. The series was directed by Norio Nitta and written by Michihiro Tsuchiya (Mirmo De Pon!, PriPara, Cross Game) with character designs by Shinobu Ookawa. The series aired on all TXN stations in Japan from September 6, 2018 to September 26, 2019, replacing Himitsu no Cocotama in its initial timeslot.

An original net animation spinoff, titled Mono no Kamisama Cocotama began airing online at September 26, 2019, on YouTube.

PriPara
PriPara (プリパラ, PuriPara; short for Prism Paradise) is a Japanese arcade video game by Takara Tomy and the successor of the Pretty Rhythm series of arcade video games, as well as the second entry in the Pretty Series. An anime television series adaptation by Tatsunoko Production and DongWoo A&E, comprising three seasons, aired from July 5, 2014, to March 28, 2017. A second animation adaption, Idol Time PriPara, premiered on April 4, 2017. A mobile game, Idol Land PriPara, was released on August 17, 2023, along with a web series. There were also four animated films produced.
Doctrine of foreign equivalents
This article discusses the trademark doctrine regarding translation of foreign words. For the patent doctrine regarding equivalent means to practice an invention, see Doctrine of equivalents.

The doctrine of foreign equivalents is a rule applied in United States trademark law which requires courts and the TTAB to translate foreign words in determining whether they are registrable as trademarks, or confusingly similar with existing marks. The doctrine is intended to protect consumers within the United States from confusion or deception caused by the use of terms in different languages. In some cases, a party will use a word as a mark which is either generic or merely descriptive of the goods in a foreign language, or which shares the same meaning as an existing mark to speakers of that foreign language.

United States trademark law
A trademark is a word, phrase, or logo that identifies the source of goods or services. Trademark law protects a business' commercial identity or brand by discouraging other businesses from adopting a name or logo that is "confusingly similar" to an existing trademark. The goal is to allow consumers to easily identify the producers of goods and services and avoid confusion.

United States trademark law is mainly governed by the Lanham Act. Common law trademark rights are acquired automatically when a business uses a name or logo in commerce, and are enforceable in state courts. Marks registered with the  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office are given a higher degree of protection in federal courts than unregistered marks—both registered and unregistered trademarks are granted some degree of federal protection under the Lanham Act 43(a).
Al Ashmur
Al Ashmur (Arabic: الأشمور, romanized: al-Ashmūr) is an 'uzlah in Amran District of 'Amran Governorate, Yemen. It is located in the highlands west of 'Amran and south of Jabal Iyal Yazid. The route from 'Amran to Kuhlan Affar and Hajjah passes through this area, and there is also a route branching off to the south, towards al-Zafin and Mudaʽ. This southern route was historically used by armies on occasion, as mentioned in sources such as the Ghayat al-amani of Yahya ibn al-Husyan. The first mention of al-Ashmur in that source is in the year 918 (306 AH). According to Hermann von Wissmann, al-Ashmur may take its name from the ruin site of Shamr.

'Amran
ʿAmrān (Arabic: عمران; Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩣𐩧𐩬, romanized: ʿmrn) is a small city in western central Yemen. It is the capital of 'Amran Governorate, and was formerly part of Sana'a Governorate. It is located 52.9 kilometres (32.9 mi) by road northwest of the Yemeni capital of Sana'a, at the upper (southern) end of the al-Bawn plain. According to the 2004 census it had a population of 76,863, and an estimated population of 92,763 in 2013.
0-8-6T
An 0-8-6, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with no leading wheels, eight driving wheels (4 axles) fixed in a rigid frame, and six trailing wheels (normally mounted in a trailing truck). All locomotives using this wheel arrangement were tank locomotives.

Examples of this type of locomotive were built by Wilhelm von Engerth.

Whyte notation
The Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth century following a December 1900 editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal.

The notation was adopted and remains in use in North America and the United Kingdom to describe the wheel arrangements of steam locomotives, but for modern locomotives, multiple units and trams it has been supplanted by the UIC system in Europe and by the AAR system (essentially a simplification of the UIC system) in North America. However, geared steam locomotives do not use the notation. They are classified by their model and their number of trucks.
Francis Parkman Prize
The Francis Parkman Prize, named after Francis Parkman, is awarded by the Society of American Historians for the best book in American history each year. Its purpose is to promote literary distinction in historical writing. The Society of American Historians is an affiliate of the American Historical Association.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
1896 AHAC season
The 1896 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season was the tenth season of play of the league. Each team played eight games, and Montreal Victorias were first with a 7–1 record. During the season, on February 14 the Victorias hosted a Stanley Cup challenge match with the Winnipeg Victorias club. Winnipeg won 2–0 to win the Cup.

Winnipeg Victorias
The Winnipeg Victorias were an amateur senior-level men's amateur ice hockey team in Winnipeg, Manitoba, organized in 1889. They played in the Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  The Victorias won the Stanley Cup in February 1896, 1901 and January 1902 while losing the Cup in December 1896, February 1899, February 1900, March 1902, and February 1903. After the Stanley Cup became the professional championship, the Victorias continued in senior-level amateur play, winning the Allan Cup in 1911 and 1912.
Ares J. Rosakis
Ares J. Rosakis, Theodore von Kármán Professor of Aeronautics and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. He was also the fifth Director of the Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, known as (GALCIT), and formerly known as Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, and was the Otis Booth Leadership Chair, of the Division of Engineering and Applied Science.

Theodore von Kármán
Theodore von Kármán (Hungarian: (szőllőskislaki) Kármán Tódor [(søːløːʃkiʃlɒki) ˈkaːrmaːn ˈtoːdor], May 11, 1881 – May 6, 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who worked in aeronautics and astronautics. He was responsible for crucial advances in aerodynamics characterizing supersonic and hypersonic airflow. The human-defined threshold of outer space is named the "Kármán line" in recognition of his work. Kármán is regarded as an outstanding aerodynamic theoretician of the 20th century.
Little Brown Jug (horse race)
The Little Brown Jug is a harness race for three-year-old pacing standardbred horses hosted by the Delaware County Agricultural Society since 1946 at the Delaware County Fairgrounds racetrack in Delaware, Ohio. The race takes place every year on the third Thursday after Labor Day.

Along with the Hambletonian, a race for trotters, it is one of the two most coveted races for standardbreds. The event is named after Little Brown Jug, a pacer, who won nine consecutive races and became a USTA Hall of Fame Immortal in 1975.

The race is the counterpart to the Jugette for three-year-old fillies.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
Eros Cinema
The Eros Cinema is an Art Deco style cinema theatre located in Cambata Building at Churchgate, Mumbai, India. It has a seating capacity of 1,204 people per show.

The architect Shorabji Bhedwar designed the Streamline Moderne building, marking the beginning of Back Bay reclamation in early 1938.

Streamline Moderne
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.

In France, it was called the style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
2016 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
The 2016 congressional election in the Northern Mariana Islands was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, to elect the territory's sole Delegate to the United States House of Representatives.

Incumbent Delegate Gregorio Sablan, an independent who caucuses with the Democratic Party, ran unopposed for re-election. Sablan, first elected in 2008, had held the seat since its creation in 2009.

The Northern Mariana Islands' non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives was elected for a two-year term. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including the 2016 Northern Mariana Islands general election, as well as the nationwide 2016 United States House of Representatives elections and the 2016 United States general elections.

2008 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands
The Northern Mariana Islands' first election of a delegate to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 4, 2008. Since the CNMI traditionally had general elections in odd-numbered years, the November 2008 ballot contained only this office.

The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands was the most recent United States jurisdiction to receive congressional representation in the United States House of Representatives (in the form of a non-voting delegate).

Gregorio Sablan, who ran as an independent, won the election and became the first Northern Mariana Islands Delegate in Congressional history. He assumed office in January 2009.
Billy "The Kid" Emerson
William Robert Emerson (December 21, 1925 – April 25, 2023), known during his recording career as Billy "The Kid" Emerson and more recently as Rev. William R. Emerson, was an American R&B and rock and roll singer and songwriter turned preacher, best known for his 1955 song, "Red Hot."

Emerson began recording after joining Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm in the early 1950s. He recorded for various labels, including Sun, Chess, and Vee-Jay, before forming his own, Tarpon Records, where he recorded Denise LaSalle and Matt "Guitar" Murphy. He has worked with blues musicians, such as Earl Hooker, Lonnie Brooks, Sonny Boy Williamson II, and Robert Knighthawk.

Matt "Guitar" Murphy
Matthew Tyler Murphy (December 29, 1929 – June 15, 2018), known as Matt "Guitar" Murphy, was an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was associated with Memphis Slim, The Blues Brothers and Howlin' Wolf. In 2012, Murphy was elected to the Blues Hall of Fame.
Athabasca-Lac La Biche
Athabasca-Lac La Biche was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 1986 to 1993.

Lac La Biche-St. Paul
Lac La Biche-St. Paul was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using first-past-the-post balloting from 1993 to 2012.
Ilija Spasojević
Ilija Spasojević (born 11 September 1987) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Super League club Bhayangkara. Born in Montenegro, he represents the Indonesia national team.

Spasojević is known for his goalscoring ability. A prolific goalscorer, Spasojević has won a Liga 1 Golden Boot and a Malaysia Premier League Golden Boot. Spasojević is also the current all-time top scorer for Bali United.

2016 Malaysia Premier League
The 2016 Liga Premier (English: 2016 Premier League), also known as the 100PLUS Liga Premier for sponsorship reasons, was the 13th season of the Liga Premier, the second-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season was held from 12 February and concluded on 22 October 2016.

The Liga Premier champions for 2016 season was Melaka United. The champions and runners-up were both promoted to 2017 Liga Super.
Munkmarsch
Munkmarsch (German pronunciation: [ˈmʊŋkˌmaʁʃ]; North Frisian: Munkmersk; Danish: Munkmarsk) is a village on the North Sea island of Sylt in the district of Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Today, it is an Ortsteil of the Gemeinde Sylt.

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Dickman function
In analytic number theory, the Dickman function or Dickman–de Bruijn function ρ is a special function used to estimate the proportion of smooth numbers up to a given bound.
It was first studied by actuary Karl Dickman, who defined it in his only mathematical publication.  It was later studied by the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn.

Special functions
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.

The term is defined by consensus, and thus lacks a general formal definition, but the list of mathematical functions contains functions that are commonly accepted as special.