hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Decentralisation in Ukraine
Decentralisation in Ukraine is a series of reforms to give additional power and resources to local authorities. This process was intended to advance regional development and border reform. Successful steps have been taken. Angela Merkel, Georg Milbradt and Hugues Mingarelli praised the reforms. In opinion of financial experts (PhD Yevhen Marynchak) decentralizing public funds of territorial communities, the state should use real instruments that can help create a strong regional economy on the territory.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Holden straight-six motor
The Holden straight-six motor is a series of straight-six engines that were produced by General Motors Holden at their Port Melbourne plant between 1948 and 1986. The initial Grey motor was so dubbed because of the colour of the cylinder block, later motors came in the form of a Red, Blue, Black, and the four-cylinder Starfire engine. These engines were fitted to all Australian designed Holdens of the same years, and the four-cylinder Starfire notably also found its way into the Toyota Corona (XT130). The Grey motor is a different engine from the others, while the Red, Blue, Black, and even the Starfire are all inter-related with many common parts and castings.

Holden FC
The Holden FC series is an automobile produced by Holden in Australia from 1958 to 1960. Introduced on 6 May 1958, the FC is a facelifted and improved version of the Holden FE series, which it replaced.  Although it is exclusively an Australian design, the styling is reminiscent of a scaled-down North American 1955 Chevrolet.
Awakino River (Northland)
The Awakino River is a river of the Kaipara District in Northland Region. It flows 38 km (24 mi), generally south from the Awakino Stream, which rises on the Tutāmoe Range, to reach the Wairoa River on the eastern edge of Dargaville. The river is crossed by SH14 and the mothballed Dargaville Branch railway.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "Bad creek", which accords with a 1981 description of "a slow, meandering drain through willows, swamp and flax lands, with little interest" and lined with muddy stop banks.

Dargaville Branch
The Dargaville Branch is a branch line railway that leaves the North Auckland Line not far south of Whangārei and runs westward to Dargaville. Construction of this relatively short line took approximately two decades, and when it was completed, it linked the now closed Donnellys Crossing Section with the national rail network. The branch has been closed to all traffic since 2014 and is currently used by a tourist rail cart operation.
Heydarabad, Firuzeh
Heydarabad (Persian: حيدراباد, also Romanized as Ḩeydarābād) is a village in Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183 within 47 families.

Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District
Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان تخت جلگه) is in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bozquchan. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Firuzeh.
Harris affine region detector
In the fields of computer vision and image analysis, the Harris affine region detector belongs to the category of feature detection. Feature detection is a preprocessing step of several algorithms that rely on identifying characteristic points or interest points so to make correspondences between images, recognize textures, categorize objects or build panoramas.

Image derivative
Image derivatives can be computed by using small convolution filters of size 2 × 2 or 3 × 3, such as the  Laplacian, Sobel, Roberts and Prewitt operators. However, a larger mask will generally give a better approximation of the derivative and examples of such filters are Gaussian derivatives and Gabor filters. Sometimes high frequency noise needs to be removed and this can be incorporated in the filter so that the Gaussian kernel will act as a band pass filter. The use of Gabor filters in image processing has been motivated by some of its similarities to the perception in the human visual system.

The pixel value is computed as a convolution

where  is the derivative kernel and  is the pixel values in a region of the image and  is the operator that performs the convolution.
National Catholic Reporter
The National Catholic Reporter (NCR) is a national newspaper in the United States that reports on issues related to the Catholic Church. Based in Kansas City, Missouri, NCR was founded by Robert Hoyt in 1964. Hoyt wanted to bring the professional standards of secular news reporting to the press that covers Catholic news, saying that "if the mayor of a city owned its only newspaper, its citizens will not learn what they need and deserve to know about its affairs". The publication, which operates outside the authority of the Catholic Church, is independently owned and governed by a lay board of directors.

Catholic Media Association
The Catholic Media Association, formerly the Catholic Press Association of the United States and Canada, is an association of American and Canadian newspaper and media specialists specialized on reporting on the Catholic Church. Founded in 1911, it has over 600 member organizations and reaches over 26 million people.

Its stated purpose is to assist its members to serve effectively, through the medium of the printed word and electronic media, the social, intellectual and spiritual needs of the entire human family, and to spread and support the Kingdom of God.

The organization administers an annual book awards program.
Numerix
Numerix is an American capital markets front-to-risk technology provider. It is headquartered in New York City with nineteen offices worldwide.

The company develops analytics and software for risk management, trading, valuations and pricing for both sell-side and buyside market participants. It is in front-office risk technology and cross-asset analytics for OTC derivatives, structured products, and variable annuities, providing software and services for structuring, pre-trade pricing, trade capture and valuation.

Approximately 700 clients and 90 partners across more than 26 different countries use software developed by Numerix. Its partners include MathWorks, Broadridge, Nomura Research Institute, Oracle, ICE Data Services, Tradition Market Data, ActiveViam, Microsoft, and Amazon Web Services

In August 2022, Numerix was acquired by Genstar Capital. In April 2023, Numerix acquired FINCAD. In July 2023, Numerix acquired PolyPaths.

MathWorks
The MathWorks, Inc. is an American privately held corporation that specializes in mathematical computing software.  Its major products include MATLAB and Simulink, which support data analysis and simulation.
2021–22 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Occitanie
The 2021–22 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Occitanie was the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Occitanie region of France took part in the main competition from the seventh round.

A total of ten teams qualified from the Occitanie preliminary rounds. In 2020–21, Canet Roussillon FC progressed furthest in the competition, reaching the quarter-finals, beating Marseille along the way, before losing to Montpellier.

2021–22 Coupe de France preliminary rounds
The 2021–22 Coupe de France preliminary rounds made up the qualifying competition to decide which teams took part in the main competition from seventh round. This was the 105th season of the main football cup competition of France. The competition was organised by the French Football Federation (FFF) and was normally open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Réunion, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon).

The six (or more, if required) preliminary rounds were organised by the 13 Regional leagues from the mainland, and the 6 Regional leagues of the overseas departments and territories. They took place between June and November 2021.
Border guards of the inner German border
The border guards of the inner German border comprised tens of thousands of military, paramilitary and civilian personnel from both East and West Germany, as well as from the United Kingdom, the United States and initially the Soviet Union.

British Frontier Service
The British Frontier Service was a British government organisation that was responsible for border monitoring duties in West Germany between 1946 and 1991. Its personnel served on Germany's international borders with Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium before focusing on the inner German border. It was charged with a number of tasks, including assisting the movements of British military personnel and their dependents, monitoring the border regions and helping to defuse border incidents. It was ultimately disbanded following German reunification.
Alban Hoti
Alban Hoti (born 17 June 1984) is a Kosovar Albanian politician and activist involved in diaspora politics. As the leader of the Democratic National Front (PBKD) in Kosovo, he has been active in the Republican movement among Albanian communities abroad and electoral campaigns in Kosovo.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
Tell, Nablus
Tell (Arabic: تلّ), pronounced Till, is a Palestinian town in the Nablus Governorate in northern West Bank, located five kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 5,162 inhabitants in 2017. Most of the town's laborers work in agriculture, with figs and olives being the major source of income.

Mohammad Shtayyeh, a Palestinian economist and politician, was born in Tell.

Nablus Governorate
The Nablus Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نابلس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Nāblus) is an administrative district of Palestine located in the Central Highlands of the West Bank, 53 km north of Jerusalem. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The governor of the district is Mahmoud Aloul.
Iñigo Lekue
Iñigo Lekue Martínez (Basque: [iɲiɣo lekue maɾtines̻]; Spanish: [ˈiɲiɣo ˈlekwe maɾˈtineθ]; born 4 May 1993) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right or left-back for Athletic Bilbao.

Developed at Athletic Bilbao, he made over 250 appearances, winning the Supercopa de España twice and also the 2023–24 Copa del Rey.

2015 Supercopa de España
The 2015 Supercopa de España was a two-legged football match-up that was played in August 2015 between Athletic Bilbao, runners-up of the 2014–15 Copa del Rey, and Barcelona, the champions of 2014–15 La Liga and the 2014–15 Copa del Rey, making it a rematch of the 2015 Copa del Rey final.

Athletic Bilbao won the trophy 5–1 on aggregate to win the club's first competitive title since winning the 1983–84 Copa del Rey.
Aritz Aduriz scored a hat-trick for Athletic Bilbao in the first leg in a 4–0 win on 14 August. He added a fourth goal three days later in the second leg, which ended in a 1–1 draw at the Camp Nou.
Battle of Schmilau
The Battle of Schmilau (German: Schlacht bei Schmilau) was a battle between a coalition of Christian forces and pagan Slavic Obotrites in 1093.

Henry, a Christian Obotrite prince raised in Denmark after the murder of his father Gottschalk, avenged his father's death by killing the pagan Obotrite chief Kruto in 1093. The pagan Slavs rose up in rebellion against Henry's attempt to seize power.

Henry was supported by Duke Magnus of Saxony and a Danish contingent, while the pagans were led by Rochel, a Wagrian prince and pirate from the vicinity of Oldenburg. Henry was victorious in the battle at Schmilau, near Ratzeburg in eastern Holstein. The victory allowed Henry to consolidate the Obotrite realm and establish Liubice as his capital.

Wagria
Wagria (German: Wagrien, Waierland or Wagerland) is the northeastern part of Holstein in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, corresponding roughly to the districts of Plön and Ostholstein.  The word "Wagria" is derived from the Slavic Lechites tribe of Wagri.
Ottersberg
Ottersberg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtɐsbɛʁk]; Low German: Otterbarg) is a municipality in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km north of Verden, and 28 km east of Bremen.

Verden, Aller
Verden an der Aller (German: [ˈfeːɐ̯dn̩ ʔan dɐ ˈʔalɐ] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Veern), also called Verden (Aller) or simply Verden, is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Aller. It is the district town of the district of Verden in Lower Saxony and an independent municipality (de:Selbständige Gemeinde). The town is located in the middle Weser region on the Aller river immediately before it flows into the Weser. As a center of horse breeding and equestrian sports, it bears the nickname "equestrian town". The suffix "Aller" was introduced at a time when the name "Verden" was also common for the French town of Verdun in the German-speaking area. The town name comes from "ford" or "ferry". The town was conveniently located at a ford through the Aller river, near an important trade route.

Verden is famous for a massacre of Saxons in 782, committed on the orders of Charlemagne (the Massacre of Verden), for its cathedral, and for its horse-breeding.
Ecuador–Peru football rivalry
The Ecuador–Peru football rivalry is a standing association football rivalry between the national football teams of Ecuador and Peru and their respective aficionados. Both teams compete in FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL).

Ecuador-Peru football matches encompass all games played between the national teams of Ecuador and Peru. While the rivalry between Ecuador and Peru is relatively low-intensity compared to their rivalry with Chile, it has steadily intensified since the late 1990s thanks to Ecuador's strong performances, making this match a classic fixture

1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
Listed below are the dates and results for the 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the South American Zone (CONMEBOL). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 10 CONMEBOL teams entered the competition. The South American zone was allocated 3.5 places (out of 16) in the final tournament. Argentina, the hosts, qualified automatically, leaving 2.5 spots open for competition between 9 teams.
Dithionitronium hexafluoroarsenate
Dithionitronium hexafloroarsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula [SN2]AsF6. It is the hexafluoroarsenate (AsF−6) salt of S=N=S+. The cation is of interest as the sulfur analogue of nitronium (NO+2). Hexafloroarsenate is a weakly coordinating anion. According to X-ray crystallography, S=N=S+ is linear with S-N distances of 146 picometers.

Hexafluoroarsenate
The hexafluoroarsenate (sometimes shortened to fluoroarsenate) anion is a chemical species with formula AsF−6.  Hexafluoroarsenate is relatively inert, being the conjugate base of the notional superacid hexafluoroarsenic acid (HAsF6).
Lansing Downtown Historic District
The Lansing Downtown Historic District is a primarily commercial and office historic district located in downtown Lansing, Michigan. The district stretches along the east side of Capitol Avenue from Ionia Street to Lenawee Street, and along both sides of Grand Avenue between Michigan and Washtenaw, with additional structures along Kalamazoo Street between Walnut and Grand and along Lenawee Street between Washington and Walnut. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

The Arbaugh
The Arbaugh is a mixed-use building containing 48 loft-style apartments, which was originally built as a department store. The building is located at 401 South Washington in Lansing, Michigan. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Great Mosque of Qal'at Bani Hammad
The Great Mosque of Al Qala'a (Arabic: مسجد القلعة, romanized: Masjid El Qala'a)  is a former Sunni mosque, now in partial ruins, located in the UNESCO World Heritage city of Qal'at Bani Hammad, in the province of M'sila, Algeria. Its construction dates from the early 11th century, during the rule of the Hammadid Emir Hammad ibn Buluggin.

The mosque spans an area of over 3,500 square metres (38,000 sq ft), taking on a rectangular layout. It encompasses a vast sahn, a hypostyle prayer hall, and a square 25-metre-tall (82 ft) minaret. Regarded as one of the largest historic mosques in Algeria, second only to the Mansourah, it also contains one of the country's oldest minarets. Additionally, the mosque likely exerted an influence on subsequent Almohad minarets, notably the Giralda in Seville. Together with other archaeological remnants of palatial structures, it stands as a primary testament to the opulence and impact of the Hammadid civilization.

Palmette
The palmette is a motif in decorative art which, in its most characteristic expression, resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree, like palmyra leaf. It has a far-reaching history, originating in ancient Egypt with a subsequent development through the art of most of Eurasia, often in forms that bear relatively little resemblance to the original. In ancient Greek and Roman uses it is also known as the anthemion (from the Greek ανθέμιον, a flower). It is found in most artistic media, but especially as an architectural ornament, whether carved or painted, and painted on ceramics. It is very often a component of the design of a frieze or border. The complex evolution of the palmette was first traced by Alois Riegl in his Stilfragen of 1893. The half-palmette, bisected vertically, is also a very common motif, found in many mutated and vestigial forms, and especially important in the development of plant-based scroll ornament.
Arrondissements of the Yvelines department
The 4 arrondissements of the Yvelines department are:

Arrondissement of Mantes-la-Jolie, (subprefecture: Mantes-la-Jolie) with 109 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 280,641 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Rambouillet, (subprefecture: Rambouillet) with 83 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 230,545 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, (subprefecture: Saint-Germain-en-Laye) with 44 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 527,408 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Versailles, (prefecture of the Yvelines department: Versailles) with 23 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 417,771 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Rambouillet
The arrondissement of Rambouillet is an arrondissement of France in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region. It has 83 communes. Its population is 230,545 (2021), and its area is 987.3 km2 (381.2 sq mi).
1914 in poetry
They went with songs to the battle, they were young.
Straight of limb, true of eyes, steady and aglow.
They were staunch to the end against odds uncounted,
They fell with their faces to the foe.
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old:
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning,
We will remember them.

— "Ode of Remembrance", an ode taken from Laurence Binyon's "For the Fallen", first published in The Times of London in September of this year.

This article covers 1914 in poetry. Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

English poetry
This article focuses on poetry from the United Kingdom written in the English language. The article does not cover poetry from other countries where the English language is spoken, including the Republic of Ireland after December 1922.

The earliest surviving English poetry, written in Anglo-Saxon, the direct predecessor of modern English, may have been composed as early as the 7th century.
Levin Rauch
Baron Levin Rauch de Nyék (Hungarian: báró nyéki Rauch Levin; 6 October 1819 – 25 August 1890) was an Austrian-Hungarian politician and appointed Ban of Croatia-Slavonia between 1867 and 1871. He is most notable for securing victory of the Unionist Party through changing the election law and terrorising those who were able to vote.

Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia (Croatian: Hrvatski ban) was the title of local rulers or office holders and after 1102, viceroys of Croatia. From the earliest periods of the Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by bans as a ruler's representative (viceroy) and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually became the chief government officials in Croatia.

They were at the head of the Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The institution of ban persisted until the first half of the 20th century, when it was officially superseded in function by that of a parliamentary prime minister.
13th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film
The 13th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film was held from February 28 to March 3, 2008, in Suzdal, Russia.  The winners for all of the main award categories were announced on March 2.  The jury consisted of 33 professionals in a variety of different professions related to animation.  85 films, totaling over 14 hours of running time, were screened. This was the first festival held after the death of Aleksandr Tatarskiy, who had headed all the previous festivals. The artistic director in his place was Aleksandr Gerasimov.

Open Russian Festival of Animated Films
The Open Russian Festival of Animated Films (Russian: Откры́тый Росси́йский Фестива́ль Анимацио́нного Кино́), also known as "Suzdalfest" ({langx|ru|"Суздальфест"}}}}, is an annual animation film festival held in Suzdal, Russia. It is devoted to professional appraisal of domestic Russian animation. The festival takes place in late winter or early spring (in 2007 it was on the first five days of March) and accepts only animated films from the Russian Federation and (after a 1999 referendum) from Belarus made in the last three years.
Lycius (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Lycius (Ancient Greek: Λύκιος means 'dyer's buckthorn') or Lyceus was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He was the possible founder of the Arcadian town of  Lycoa.

Lycaon (king of Arcadia)
In Greek mythology, Lycaon (/laɪˈkeɪɒn/; Attic Greek: Λυκάων, romanized: Lukáōn, Attic Greek: [ly.kǎː.ɔːn]) was a king of Arcadia who, in the most popular version of the myth, killed and cooked his son Nyctimus and served him to Zeus, to see whether the god was sufficiently all-knowing to recognize human flesh. Disgusted, Zeus transformed Lycaon into a wolf, while Nyctimus was restored to life.

Despite being notorious for his horrific deeds, Lycaon was also remembered as a culture hero: he was believed to have founded the city Lycosura, to have established a cult of Zeus Lycaeus and to have started the tradition of the Lycaean Games, which Pausanias thinks were older than the Panathenaic Games. According to Gaius Julius Hyginus (d. AD 17), Lycaon dedicated the first temple to Hermes of Cyllene.