hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caleb Chapman
Caleb Chapman (born August 15, 1973) is an American GRAMMY-nominated bandleader,  music educator, author, entrepreneur, producer, motivational speaker, and musician from Derry, New Hampshire, who currently resides in Utah. A graduate of Brigham Young University, he is the founder and CEO of Caleb Chapman's Soundhouse, a music performance training program headquartered in Pleasant Grove, Utah and the director of Caleb Chapman's Crescent Super Band. Chapman has been recognized for his significant contributions to music education and has received numerous honors for his work as an educator, performer, and business leader.

Jeff Coffin
Jeff Stanley Coffin (born August 5, 1965) is an American saxophonist, composer, and educator. He is a three-time Grammy Award winner as a member of Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, with whom he performed from 1997 until 2010. In July 2008, Coffin began touring with Dave Matthews Band and joined the group in 2009 following the death of founding member LeRoi Moore. He also leads his group Jeff Coffin & the Mu'tet.
World Chess Championship 1892
The fourth World Chess Championship was held in Havana from 1 January to 28 February 1892. Defending champion William Steinitz narrowly defeated challenger Mikhail Chigorin. This was Steinitz' fourth successive world championship match victory, and his second against Chigorin. He had previously defeated Johannes Zukertort in 1886, Chigorin in 1889 and Isidor Gunsberg in 1891.

Following their world championship match in 1889, and their Evans Gambit cable match in 1890-1891, the championship got underway at the beginning of 1892, beginning with a decisive win by Chigorin with the Evans gambit. By the 19th game, Steinitz had a 1-point lead, but Chigorin brought the match to tied. Steinitz ended up reaching the 10-point winning threshold by winning the 22nd and 23rd games.

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh
The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh is an autonomous organization that is responsible for holding public examinations (JSC, SSC, and HSC) in four districts of Mymensingh Division and for providing recognition to the newly established non-government educational institutions and also for the supervision, control and developments of those institutions. It started the operation in 2017.

Junior School Certificate
The Junior School Certificate (JSC) was a public examination taken by students in Bangladesh after successful completion of eight years of schooling. It was introduced in 2010. It is followed by the Secondary School Certificate (SSC).

Before the introduction of the JSC, a similar examination known as Madhyamik Britti (Junior Scholarship) was held. This was a voluntary vocational exam and not mandatory, which were later made mandatory and renamed as junior school certificate.
In 2019, last JSC exam was held
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the exams could not be held in 2020 and 2021. The government also decided not to hold the Junior School Certificate (JSC) and Junior Dakhil Certificate (JDC) examinations in 2022. In 2023, The ministry of education of Bangladesh stated that there will be no JSC-JDC examination in the new curriculum. From 2024, class VIII and class IX exams was planned to be held under the new syllabus.
Punpun railway station
Punpun railway station is a railway station on the Patna–Gaya line under Danapur railway division of the East Central Railway zone. The station is situated beside Masudi Road at Manora, Punpun in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Danapur railway division
Danapur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is located in Danapur of the Indian state of Bihar. The other railway divisions are Sonpur, Samastipur, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Dhanbad. The division's revenue for the 2014–15 fiscal year was ₹900 crore (US$110 million).
Provincial politics in the Netherlands
The politics of the Dutch provinces takes places within the framework of the politics of the Netherlands. The province is the second-highest level of government, after the national government. The Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces.

In provincial politics there are three functions: the King's Commissioner, the States Provincial, and the States Deputed. Together they share legislative power. The King's Commissioner chairs both the States Provincial and the States Deputed. The States Deputed and the King's Commissioner exercise the executive power of the provincial government. The relationship between the States Deputed and the States Provincial is officially dualistic, that is they have separated responsibilities.

Provincial council (Netherlands)
The provincial council (Dutch: Provinciale Staten, PS), also known as the States-Provincial, is the provincial parliament and legislative assembly in each of the provinces of the Netherlands. It is elected for each province simultaneously once every four years and has the responsibility for matters of sub-national or regional importance. The number of seats in a provincial council is proportional to its population.
Ilex cookii
Ilex cookii (Cook's holly or te) is a species of plant in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico.  It is threatened by habitat loss. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Holly
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.
2013 Copa Topper
The 2013 Copa Topper was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 21 and 27 October 2013.

Challenger de Buenos Aires
The YPF Buenos Aires Challenger (formerly known as Dove Men+Care Challenger de Buenos Aires, Copa San Cristóbal Seguros presentada por FILA or Copa Fila, and Copa Topper for sponsorship reasons) is a tennis tournament held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, since 2010. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on outdoor red clay courts.
Bolsover Tunnel
Bolsover Tunnel is a disused and infilled twin-track railway tunnel between Carr Vale and Scarcliffe in Derbyshire, England.

At 2,624 yards (1+1⁄2 mi; 2.4 km) it was the 18th longest railway tunnel in Britain prior to its closure in 1951.

Carr Vale
Carr Vale is a small village attached to the New Bolsover model village, Bolsover, Derbyshire, England. It is under Bolsover town.

It was begun in the late nineteenth century to house miners of the Bolsover Mining Company.
Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland
During the German occupation of Poland (1939–1945), the Nazis brutally suppressed the Catholic Church in Poland, most severely in German-occupied areas of Poland. Thousands of churches and monasteries were systematically closed, seized or destroyed. As a result, many works of religious art and objects were permanently lost.

Church leaders were especially targeted as part of an overall effort to destroy Polish culture. At least 1,811 members of the Polish clergy were murdered in Nazi concentration camps. An estimated 3,000 members of the clergy were killed. Hitler's plans for the Germanization of the East did not allow Catholicism.

The actions taken against Polish Catholicism were part of Generalplan Ost which, if carried out, would have eventually eradicated the existence of the Poles. Adolf Hitler said in August 1939 that he wanted his Death's Head forces "to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language".

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
The Text of Festival
The Text of Festival is an archive album by Hawkwind consisting of BBC sessions and live performances between 1970 and 1971. It was originally released in 1983 after the band had exited their Active Records contract, and has continuously been repackaged and retitled ever since.

The copyright of the recordings on the first disc is owned by the BBC who were not approached for permission for their commercial use, so the legality of this album is questionable. The source tapes used are not from the BBC, but inferior-quality off-air recordings of the broadcast. The recordings have also appeared on The Weird Tapes, Hawkwind, Friends and Relations and Hawkwind Anthology.

Hawkwind, Friends and Relations
The Hawkwind, Friends and Relations series of albums was released in the early 1980s containing live and studio performances by Hawkwind and related bands.

It was released through the independent record company Flicknife Records, with the rights subsequently sold onto Cherry Red who continue to release packages through their Anagram label comprising this and other Hawkwind related material originally released by Flicknife Records.

In 2011, Flicknife Records restarted the series, under the name Hawklords Friends and Relations.

A review of the first installment in Record Business magazine called it "An album for the many dedicated Hawkfans."
Indian Hills High School (Agoura Hills, California)
Indian Hills High School is an alternative/continuation education high school in Agoura Hills, California, United States, serving students in grades 10–12. It is in the Las Virgenes Unified School District.

Originally the school was located in an old church building, in then Agoura, today Agoura Hills California. In 1978 the school was moved to a location in Calabasas, California. Calabasas. In 2008 Indian Hills relocated to the campus of Agoura High School in Agoura Hills to save money. The former campus was more recently used by New Village Leadership Academy, a private school.

Las Virgenes Unified School District
Las Virgenes Unified School District (LVUSD) is a K–12 school district headquartered in Calabasas, California, United States. The district, serving the western section of the San Fernando Valley and the eastern Conejo Valley in Los Angeles County, consists of 14 public schools.

The district includes, in Los Angeles County: Agoura Hills, almost all of Calabasas, Hidden Hills, most of Westlake Village, and small portions of the West Hills section of Los Angeles, and small portions of the Topanga unincorporated census-designated place. In Ventura County, it includes the vast majority of the unincorporated census-designated place of Bell Canyon.

Its largest school is Agoura High School, with approximately 2,682 students.
2024–25 Premiership Rugby Cup
The 2024–25 Premiership Rugby Cup is the 52nd season of England's national rugby union cup competition and the second under the new Premiership Rugby Cup format, including clubs from both the Premiership and Championship. Gloucester are the reigning champions.

Bath would finish as the Premiership Rugby Cup champions, defeating Exeter Chiefs 48–14 in the final at Sandy Park on 16 March 2025.

Premiership Rugby Cup
The PREM Rugby Cup, formerly known as Premiership Rugby Cup, is an English rugby union knockout cup competition for teams in Premiership Rugby. For the 2023–24 and 2024–25 season RFU Championship teams also competed. It was created in 2018 to replace the Anglo-Welsh Cup after the withdrawal of the Welsh regions.
Wu Jieping
Wu Jieping (simplified Chinese: 吴阶平; traditional Chinese: 吳階平; pinyin: Wú Jiēpíng; 22 January 1917 – 2 March 2011) was a Chinese medical scientist and politician. Wu was the Chairman of Central Committee of Jiusan Society from 1992 to 2002, and a vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee between 1993 and 2003. Wu was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the World Academy of Sciences.

Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress are deputies to the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, responsible for assisting the chairman in his work.

The vice chairpersons are formally nominated by the Presidium of the NPC during a session and approved by the delegations of the NPC, though in reality are chosen within the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The chairman, vice chairpersons and the secretary-general of the NPCSC collectively constitute the Council of Chairpersons. A vice chairperson may be delegated to exercise some of the chairman's powers by the chairman. In the case that the chairman becomes incapacitated, NPCSC temporarily elects one of the vice chairpersons until the chairman is able to resume their work or a new chairman is elected by the NPC. Since 1982, vice chairpersons are appointed for a term of five years, and cannot serve for more than two terms.
Absorption band
In spectroscopy, an absorption band is a range of wavelengths, frequencies or energies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are characteristic of a particular transition from initial to final state in a substance.

According to quantum mechanics, atoms and molecules can only hold certain defined quantities of energy, or exist in specific states. When such quanta of electromagnetic radiation are emitted or absorbed by an atom or molecule, energy of the radiation changes the state of the atom or molecule from an initial state to a final state.

Mössbauer spectroscopy
Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect. This effect, discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer (sometimes written "Moessbauer", German: "Mößbauer") in 1958, consists of the nearly recoil-free emission and absorption of nuclear gamma rays in solids. The consequent nuclear spectroscopy method is exquisitely sensitive to small changes in the chemical environment of certain nuclei.

Typically, three types of nuclear interactions may be observed: the isomer shift due to differences in nearby electron densities (also called the chemical shift in older literature), quadrupole splitting due to atomic-scale electric field gradients; and magnetic splitting due to non-nuclear magnetic fields. Due to the high energy and extremely narrow line widths of nuclear gamma rays, Mössbauer spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique in terms of energy (and hence frequency) resolution, capable of detecting changes of just a few parts in 1011.
Incolornis
Incolornis (meaning "inhabitant bird") is an extinct genus of basal birds from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian, 89–86 mya). Remains have been found in the Bissekty Formation in Uzbekistan.
It is only known from fragmentary coracoids. The systematic position of the genus is unclear; it might have been an enantiornithine bird.

Two species are known, Incolonis silvae and Incolornis martini; the latter was initially placed in the genus Enantiornis. The estimated length of these animals was 135 mm for I. silvae and 220 mm for I. martini.

Enantiornithes
The Enantiornithes, also known as enantiornithines or enantiornitheans in literature, are a group of extinct avialans ("birds" in the broad sense), the most abundant and diverse group known from the Mesozoic era. Almost all retained teeth and clawed fingers on each wing, but otherwise looked much like modern birds externally. Over seventy species of Enantiornithes have been named, but some names represent only single bones, so it is likely that not all are valid. The Enantiornithes became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, along with Hesperornithes and all other non-avian dinosaurs.
Vermont Mountaineers
The Vermont Mountaineers are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Montpelier, Vermont. The team is a member of the New England Collegiate Baseball League that plays their home games at Montpelier Recreation Field. In 2022, the Mountaineers broke the NECBL record for a total of 32 wins in a single season.

Manchester Silkworms
The Manchester Silkworms were a collegiate summer baseball team located in Manchester, Connecticut playing in the New England Collegiate Baseball League, a collegiate summer baseball league operating in the northeastern United States region of New England. The team, an expansion franchise formed in 1999 which began play for the 2000 season, was based out of Northwest Park.  In October, 2009 a new ownership group announced they would be moving the team to Laconia, New Hampshire, becoming the Laconia Muskrats (now called the Winnipesaukee Muskrats).
Party system
A party system is  a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations.

The party system concept was originated by European scholars studying the United States, especially James Bryce, Giovanni Sartori and Moisey Ostrogorsky, and has been expanded to cover other democracies. Party systems can be distinguished by the degree of political fragmentation, proportionality of seats-to-votes ratio and barriers to entry to the political competition.

Electoral competition
Electoral competition, political competition or electoral competitiveness describes the amount of competition in electoral politics between candidates or political parties, usually measured by the margin of victory.
The Polity data series includes a measure of political competition. Political competitiveness can be affected by the proportionality between votes and seats, which can be represented by Gallagher index.
Synod of Ráth Breasail
The Synod of Ráth Breasail (or Rathbreasail; Irish: Sionad Ráth Bhreasail) was a synod of the Catholic Church in Ireland that took place in Ireland in 1111. It marked the transition of the Irish church from a monastic to a diocesan and parish-based church. Many present-day Irish dioceses trace their boundaries to decisions made at the synod.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Down and Connor
The Diocese of Down and Connor, (Latin: Dioecesis Dunensis et Connorensis; Irish: Deoise an Dúin agus Chonaire) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Northern Ireland. It is one of eight suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Armagh. The diocese is led by Bishop Alan McGuckian.
Debye model
In thermodynamics and solid-state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 to estimate phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid. It treats the vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box in contrast to the Einstein solid model, which treats the solid as many individual, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators. The Debye model correctly predicts the low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity of solids, which is proportional to the cube of temperature – the Debye T 3 law. Similarly to the Einstein photoelectron model, it recovers the Dulong–Petit law at high temperatures. Due to simplifying assumptions, its accuracy suffers at intermediate temperatures.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Departmental Council of Corrèze
The Departmental Council of Corrèze (French: Conseil départemental de la Corrèze), formerly the General Council of Corrèze (Conseil général de la Corrèze, until 2015), is the departmental council of Corrèze, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. It was presided over by François Hollande from 2008 to 2012, who departed from this position when he took office as the President of France on 15 May 2012. It includes 38 members, known as departmental councillors (conseillers départementaux) or general councillors (conseillers généraux) until 2015.

Corrèze
Corrèze (French pronunciation: [kɔʁɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in France, named after the river Corrèze which runs through it. Although its prefecture is Tulle, its most populated city is Brive-la-Gaillarde. Corrèze is located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, on the border with Occitania and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073, divided among 279 communes. Its inhabitants are called Corréziens (masculine) and Corréziennes (feminine). Its INSEE and postal code is 19.
Mathilde, Abbess of Essen
Mathilde (also Mahthild or Matilda; 949 – 5 November 1011) was Abbess of Essen Abbey from 973 to her death.  She was one of the most important abbesses in the history of Essen. She was responsible for the abbey, for its buildings, its precious relics, liturgical vessels and manuscripts, its political contacts, and for commissioning translations and overseeing education. In the unreliable list of Essen Abbesses from 1672, she is listed as the second Abbess Mathilde and as a result, she is sometimes called "Mathilde II" to distinguish her from the earlier abbess of the same name, who is meant to have governed Essen Abbey from 907 to 910 but whose existence is disputed.

Theophanu, Abbess of Essen
Theophanu was the abbess of the convents of Essen and Gerresheim from 1039 until her death in 1058. She was the daughter of Matilda of Germany and a granddaughter of the Byzantine princess Theophanu and the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II.

During her abbacy, Theophanu was responsible for a number of artistic and architectural commissions, including the renovation of the west end of Münster church to reflect the design of the famous octagonal Aachen Chapel.  She donated several lavish illuminated manuscripts, including the Theophanu Gospels (now in the Essen Cathedral Treasury) and the Cross of Theophanu.