hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Becher process
The Becher process is a process to produce rutile, a form of titanium dioxide, from the ore ilmenite. Although it is competitive with the chloride process and the sulfate process, the Becher process is not used on scale.

With the idealized formula FeTiO3, ilmenite contains 55-65% titanium dioxide, the rest being iron oxide. The Becher process, like other beneficiation processes, aims to remove iron.  The Becher process exploits the conversion of the ferrous iron (FeO) to ferric iron (Fe2O3). Ilmenite ores can be upgraded to synthetic rutile by increasing their TiO2 content to between 90 and 96 percent.

Chloride process
The chloride process is used to separate titanium from its ores. The goal of the process is to win high purity titanium dioxide from ores such as ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2).  The strategy exploits the volatility of TiCl4, which is readily purified and converted to the dioxide.  Millions of tons of TiO2 are produced annually by this process, mainly for use as white pigments.  As of 2017, the chloride process is used alongside the older sulfate process, which relies on hot sulfuric acid to extract iron and other impurities from ores.: 15
Leland Sklar discography
Leland Sklar is an American bassist and session musician. He was born in Milwaukee, and moved with his family to Los Angeles at age of four.  He was a member of the Los Angeles-based instrumental group The Section, who served as the de facto house band of Asylum Records and were one of the progenitors of the soft rock sound prevalent on top-40 radio in the 1970s and 1980s. Besides appearing as the backing band on numerous recordings by artists such as James Taylor, Jackson Browne, Carole King, and Linda Ronstadt, The Section released three solo albums of instrumental rock. Both in The Section and separately, Sklar has contributed to over 2,000 albums as a session and touring musician. He has toured with James Taylor, Phil Collins, Toto, Lyle Lovett and other major acts. He has also been recorded on many soundtracks, motion pictures and television shows.

Lyle Lovett
Lyle Pearce Lovett (born November 1, 1957) is an American country singer-songwriter and actor. Active since 1980, he has recorded 14 albums and released 25 singles to date, including his highest entry, the number 10 chart hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, "Cowboy Man". Lovett has won four Grammy Awards, including Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Album. His most recent album is 12th of June, released in 2022.
Gdovsky Uyezd
Gdovsky Uyezd (Гдовский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Saint Petersburg Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Gdov.

Gdov
Gdov (Russian: Гдов) is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the river Gdovka, just 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population: 3,465 (2021 Census); 4,379 (2010 Census); 5,171 (2002 Census); 6,009 (1989 Soviet census).
Marjorie Barrick Museum of Art
The Marjorie Barrick Museum of Art (MSM; formerly known as the Marjorie Barrick Museum of Natural History) is a museum located on the main campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), established in 1967.  The museum was originally instituted as a natural history museum with a focus on the natural history and environment of Nevada and the broader Southwestern United States. In December 2011, the Barrick joined the UNLV College of Fine Arts and became the anchor of the Galleries at UNLV. The six galleries and one museum that make up the Galleries are each entities in their own right linked via a common administration.

Nevada System of Higher Education
The Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE, formerly the University and Community College System of Nevada or UCCSN) is a state government unit in Nevada that oversees its public system of colleges and universities. It was formed in 1968 to oversee all state-supported higher education in the state. Two doctoral-granting research universities, two state colleges, three community colleges and one research institute comprise the land grant system. About 105,000 students attend the degree-granting campuses.
Texas High School
Texas High School (THS) is a public high school in Texarkana, Texas, United States. It is part of the Texarkana Independent School District and is classified as a 5A school by the University Interscholastic League. For the 2024–2025 school year, the school was given a "B" by the Texas Education Agency.

Texarkana Independent School District
Texarkana Independent School District is an urban school district serving 34 square miles (88 km2) in the Northeast corner of Texas (USA).  It serves the majority of Texarkana, Texas, and the surrounding communities of Wake Village and Nash.  It is the largest school district in Bowie County and the largest district served by the Region VIII Education Service Center.  Texarkana ISD does not service Texarkana, Arkansas-side schools, who are managed by the Texarkana Arkansas Schools under the Arkansas State Government.  It was established in 1889.  Unique among other schools in its region, it accepts transfers from other Texas school districts tuition-free.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Belt (firearms)
An ammunition belt is a firearm device used to package and feed cartridges, typically for rapid-firing automatic weapons such as machine guns. Belt-fed systems minimize the proportional weight of the ammunition apparatus to the entire weapon system, allowing high rates of continuous fire without needing frequent magazine changes. The capacity of belts and associated belt containers is typically a function of weight and bulk, and their size is limited by caliber and the combined portability of the weapon and ammunition. Typical capacities for man-portable weapon systems range from 50 to 300 rounds of ammunition.

Firearm malfunction
A firearm malfunction is the failure of a firearm to operate as intended for causes other than user error. Malfunctions range from temporary and relatively safe situations, such as a casing that did not eject, to potentially dangerous occurrences that may permanently damage the gun and cause injury or death. Improper handling of certain types of malfunctions can be very dangerous. Following gun safety rules can prevent firearm malfunctions, and limit the damage inflicted by them if they do occur. Proper cleaning and maintenance of a firearm play a big role in preventing malfunctions.
Battle of Achir (1016)
The Battle of Achir was fought on June 1016 between the Zirid army of Al-Mu'izz, the Emir of ifriqiya, and the Hammadid army under the Hammadid Emir Hammad ibn Buluggin, this battle was part of the zirid-hammadid war which resulted in the splitting of the previous Zirid domains into two independent emirates. It took place near the medieval city of Achir located in the south of the city of Algiers, and was a decisive Hammadid victory.

Talkata
The Talkata or Telkata constitute a branch of the sedentary faction of the Sanhaja in central Maghreb, with their stronghold being Titteri, during the Middle Ages. They played a prominent role in the history of the Muslim Maghreb and are the progenitors of the Zirid dynasties that ruled over central Maghreb, Ifriqiya, and Al-Andalus. The Telkata tribe went extinct during the French Invasion of Algeria.
Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1
Collagen α-1 (XXIII) chain is a protein encoded by COL23A1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5q35 in humans, and on chromosome 11B1+2 in mice. The location of this gene was discovered by genomic sequence analysis.

Collagen XXIII is a type II transmembrane protein and the fourth in the subfamily of non-fibrillar transmembranous collagens. This kind of collagens have a single pass hydrophobic transmembrane domain.  The molecule of collagen XXIII can be found either in membrane-bond form or in shed form.

Type XXIII collagen is expressed in both adult tissues and developing organs. It can be found in the epidermis and other epithelia such as those in tongue, gut and lung, but also in the brain, the kidney and the cornea. It has been shown that in prostate collagen XXIII expression is associated with tumor progression.

The functions of collagen XXIII are still unknown, although it is believed that they could be similar to other transmembrane proteins, such as collagen XIII.

Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains termed lipid rafts. Their existence in cellular membranes remains somewhat controversial. It has been proposed that they are specialized membrane microdomains which compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organising centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, allowing a closer interaction of protein receptors and their effectors to promote kinetically favorable interactions necessary for the signal transduction. Lipid rafts influence membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, thereby regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely within the membrane bilayer. Although more common in the cell membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes.
IRAS 14348−1447
IRAS 14348−1447 known as PGC 52270, are a pair of spiral galaxies located 1 billion light-years away in the constellation of Libra. The galaxy IRAS 14348−1447NE, is in the early process of merging with IRAS 14348−1447SW, causing gravity to pull stars from both galaxies and forming tidal tails. As the interaction takes place, molecular gas is swirled about and creating emission that is responsible for the galaxies' ultraluminous appearance.

IRAS 14348−1447, is classified a Seyfert 1 galaxy and has an active galactic nucleus, indicating certain activity in its supermassive black hole has awakened, possibly turning it into a quasar.

Luminous infrared galaxy
Luminous infrared galaxies or LIRGs are galaxies with luminosities above 1011 L☉. They are also referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) through their normal method of detection. LIRGs are more abundant than starburst galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable luminosity. Infrared galaxies emit more energy in the infrared than at all other wavelengths combined. A LIRG's luminosity is 100 billion times that of the Sun.

Galaxies with luminosities above 1012 L☉ are known as ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Galaxies exceeding 1013 L☉ are characterised as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). Those exceeding 1014 L☉ are extremely luminous infrared galaxies (ELIRGs). Many of the LIRGs and ULIRGs are showing interactions and disruptions. Many of these types of galaxies spawn about 100 new stars a year as compared to the Milky Way which spawns one a year; this helps create the high level of luminosity.
20th century road schemes in Bristol
Road building was central to planning policy for much of the 20th century in Bristol, England. The planned road network evolved over time but at its core was a network of concentric ring (or circuit) roads and high-capacity radial roads.

The Inner Circuit Road formed a ring around Bristol's central area and was completed in 1970. The Outer Circuit Road was intended to form an outer ring concentric with this, but the only substantial part to be completed was the 1.3 km-long Easton Way. The two ring roads were to be complemented by 8 radial roads, some of which would follow new routes while others would be made by widening existing roads.

These schemes had for the most part been abandoned by the early 1990s, and subsequently much of what was built has been decommissioned.

M5 motorway
The M5 is a motorway in England. It runs south-west from the M6 at junction 8 (West Bromwich), north-west of Birmingham to Exeter in Devon. The M5 runs through Sandwell Valley and its early sections form part of the Birmingham Motorway Box, after which it passes Worcester, Cheltenham, and Gloucester. It intersects with the M4 motorway at Almondsbury Interchange north of Bristol, then serves Taunton, and Tiverton, before terminating at junction 31 to the south of Exeter. At a total length of 163 miles (262 km), the M5 is the fourth-longest motorway in the UK.
Oxmoor Center
Oxmoor Center is a shopping mall in Louisville, Kentucky. Opening in 1971, its anchor stores are Macy's, Von Maur, and Dick's Sporting Goods, along with a Topgolf location. The mall is owned and managed by GGP, a subsidiary of Brookfield Properties, and features approximately 960,000 square feet (89,000 m2) of retail space.

Brookfield Properties
Brookfield Properties is a North American subsidiary of commercial real estate firm Brookfield Property Partners, which itself is a subsidiary of alternative asset management company Brookfield Corporation. It is responsible for the asset management of the company's real estate portfolio, including office, multi-family residential, retail, hospitality, and logistics buildings.

The assets of shopping mall operator GGP were integrated into Brookfield Properties after its acquisition by Brookfield Property Partners in 2018. Brookfield reverted to the GGP brand for its American retail business in 2026, thus, GGP is considered a subsidiary of Brookfield Properties. As of 2024, Brookfield Properties operates corporate offices in nine countries around the world, including China, India, Germany and the U.S.
Triisopropylphosphine
Triisopropylphosphine is the tertiary phosphine with the formula P(CH(CH3)2)3.  Commonly used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry, it is often abbreviated to Pi-Pr3 or PiPr3.  This ligand is one of the most basic alkyl phosphines with a large ligand cone angle of 160.

Pi-Pr3 is similar to the more frequently used tricyclohexylphosphine. The triisopropyl derivative however, is a liquid at room temperature and more soluble in hydrocarbons.

Ligand cone angle
In coordination chemistry, the ligand cone angle (θ) is a measure of the steric bulk of a ligand in a transition metal coordination complex. It is defined as the solid angle formed with the metal at the vertex of a cone and the outermost edge of the van der Waals spheres of the ligand atoms at the perimeter of the base of the cone. Tertiary phosphine ligands are commonly classified using this parameter, but the method can be applied to any ligand. The term cone angle was first introduced by Chadwick A. Tolman, a research chemist at DuPont. Tolman originally developed the method for phosphine ligands in nickel complexes, determining them from measurements of accurate physical models.
Needle cast
Needle cast is a group of fungal diseases of conifers, sharing the symptom that the infected trees cast their needle leaves. Since most conifers are evergreens, replacing their leaves only slowly, loss of leaves is more serious than in broad-leaved trees, reducing growth.

Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii
Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii is a species of fungus that occurs as an endophyte inside the needles of Douglas-fir trees. It is responsible for causing the nonlethal disease known as Swiss needle cast, which results in needle loss and reduction in growth in Douglas-fir.

Traditionally, it has been considered part of family Venturiaceae, but molecular studies have confirmed its placement in Mycosphaerellaceae. Three different lineages of N. gaeumannii are known, each with distinct ecological, morphological, and molecular characteristics.
2024–25 Algerian Women's Cup
the 2024–25 Algerian Women's Cup is the 24th season of the annual Algerian  women's association football cup competition. Thirteen teams participated in the competition. CF Akbou are the defending champions, having beaten CS Constantine on penalties free kicks 5–4 after a 0–0 draw in the 2024 final.

Algerian Women's Cup
The Algerian Women's Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر للسيدات) is a women's association football competition in Algeria. pitting regional teams against each other.  It was established in 1998. It is the women's equivalent of the Algerian Cup for men. AS Sûreté Nationale won the last edition for the third time.
Panther KF51
The Panther KF51 (KF is short for German "Kettenfahrzeug" lit. 'tracked vehicle') is a German fourth-generation main battle tank (MBT) that is under development by Rheinmetall. It was unveiled publicly at the Eurosatory defence exhibition on 13 June 2022. Different variants of the Panther KF51 are being co-developed by Rheinmetall with N7 in Hungary and Leonardo in Italy.

The KF51 is based on the hull of the Leopard 2A4, but with a new turret mounting an autoloaded 130 mm main gun. On 5 December 2022, Rheinmetall announced its plans to target mostly existing Leopard 2 operators with the KF51.

Active protection system
An active protection system (APS) is a system designed to actively prevent certain anti-tank weapons from destroying a vehicle.

Countermeasures that either conceal the vehicle from or disrupt the guidance of an incoming guided missile threat are designated soft-kill active protection measures. Countermeasures that physically strike an incoming threat to damage or destroy it and thereby limit its ability to penetrate armor are designated hard-kill active protection measures.
Cerro Beltrán
Cerro Beltrán is an andesitic-dacitic volcano in the Andes. It erupted andesitic-dacitic lava flows between 14.1 and 7.7 mya. Based on geochemical considerations, the volcano formed from granite and plagioclase bearing, 33–40 kilometres (21–25 mi) thick crust. Part of the volcano was later covered by ignimbrites coming from the Galán caldera eruption.

The volcano is located next to the Salar de Antofalla. It is one of the large long-lived volcanoes forming the Archibarca-Galan volcanic alignment, along with Tebenquicho, Galán and Antofalla.

Dacite
Dacite (/ˈdeɪsaɪt/) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. It is composed predominantly of plagioclase feldspar and quartz.

Dacite is relatively common, occurring in many tectonic settings. It is associated with andesite and rhyolite as part of the subalkaline tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series.
European Tour 2015/2016 – Event 5
The European Tour 2015/2016 – Event 5 (also known as the 2015 Gibraltar Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament held between 9–13 December 2015 in Gibraltar.

Marco Fu made the 116th official maximum break in the fifth frame of his last 64 match against Sam Baird. This was Fu's fourth official 147 break and also the second maximum break in the 2015/2016 season.

Gibraltar Open
The Gibraltar Open was a ranking snooker tournament. In 2015 it was part of the Players Tour Championship. The tournament started in 2015 and was staged at the Europa Point Sports Complex in Gibraltar. Robert Milkins was the final champion.
Statue of Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton III  is a 1929 marble sculpture depicting the military officer and politician of the same name by Frederick Ruckstull, installed in the United States Capitol, in Washington D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection.  It is one of two statues donated by the state of South Carolina. The statue was accepted into the collection by Duncan Heyward on June 10, 1929.

Hampton is one of several Confederate States of America civilian and military leaders enshrined in the National Statuary Hall Collection, although unlike some of the others Hampton is not portrayed wearing his CSA uniform. Ruckstull had previously executed an equestrian statue of Hampton in 1906 that was installed in front of the South Carolina State House in Columbia, South Carolina.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
2022 Ceredigion National Eisteddfod
The 2022 Ceredigion National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru Ceredigion 2022) was held in the town of Tregaron, Ceredigion, Wales, from 30 July to 6 August 2022. Prior to the event taking place, the full National Eisteddfod of Wales had been postponed for two years in a row, due to the problems of the COVID-19 pandemic.

National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.
Natasha Bargeus
Natasha Jane Bargeus (born 8 June 1971) is an Australian former basketball player born in Port Hedland, Western Australia.

She played a total of 177 games from 1988 to 1998 for the Perth Breakers in the Women's National Basketball League.

She was part of the Australian team which won bronze at the 1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women in Bilbao, Spain.

On 13 September 2000, she was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for basketballing achievements. In September 2013, she was named in the 25 Year State Basketball League (SBL) All Star team.

Australian Sports Medal
The Australian Sports Medal is an award given to recognise achievements in Australian sport to commemorate Australian participation in major sporting events. Original recipients of the award included competitors, coaches, sports scientists, office holders, and people who maintained sporting facilities and services. During the original period of its award in 2000–2001, over 18,000 medals were awarded. The award was permanently reactivated in 2020 to commemorate Australian contributions and participation in major multi-sport events.