hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2019 Birthday Honours
The 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours for the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms were announced on 8 June, except the honours for New Zealand that were announced on 3 June and for Australia on 10 June.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
Prohercostomus
Prohercostomus is an extinct genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae, known from Baltic amber and Rovno amber from the Eocene. It was originally established as a subgenus of Hercostomus, but was later raised to genus rank. It includes 13 species described by Fernand Meunier between 1907 and 1908 that were originally placed in the genera Dolichopus, Gymnopternus and Poecilobothrus.

In 1999, a new genus and species Sympycnites primaevus was described from a single female labelled as being from Early Cretaceous-aged Lebanese amber. This was considered unusual, because all other known fossils of Dolichopodidae in its strict sense (excluding the subfamilies Parathalassiinae and Microphorinae) were found in Cenozoic deposits. Dolichopodidae researchers later considered that the amber was probably mislabeled, and placed Sympycnites primaevus in synonymy with Prohercostomus noxialis in 2022.

Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the resin for more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014 and 400 tonnes in 2015. Baltic amber is also found in Poland, as well as the Baltic states.

Bitterfeld amber from the brown coal mines near Bitterfeld in Germany was previously thought to be redeposited Baltic amber, but is now known to be chemically distinct, though like with Ukrainian Rovno amber, it is thought to have been deposited around the same time as Baltic amber.

Because Baltic amber contains 3–8% succinic acid, it is also termed succinite.
Alagir
Alagir (Russian: Алаги́р; Ossetian: Алагир) is an industrial town and the administrative center of Alagirsky District in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia, located on the west bank of the Ardon River, 54 kilometers (34 mi) west of the republic's capital Vladikavkaz. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 20,949.

Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz, formerly known as Ordzhonikidze, Dzaudzhikau, and Buro, is the capital city of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus, situated on the Terek River. The city's population was 311,693 as of the 2021 Census. As a result, Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus region.

The city is an industrial and transportation centre. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products.
Blackberry
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus. The taxonomy of blackberries has historically been confused because of hybridization and apomixis so that species have often been grouped together and called species aggregates.

Blackberry fruit production is abundant with annual volumes of 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) per 1 acre (0.40 ha) possible, making this plant commercially attractive.

Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan or Armenian blackberry) is considered a noxious weed and invasive species in many regions of the Pacific Northwest of Canada and the United States, where it grows out of control in urban and suburban parks and woodlands.

Trellis (architecture)
A trellis (French: treillage) is an architectural structure, usually made from an open framework or lattice of interwoven or intersecting pieces of wood, bamboo, or metal that is normally made to support and display climbing plants, especially shrubs.
1919–20 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1919-20 English football season was  Aston Villa's 28th season in The Football League and the first following the end of World War I. George Ramsay was rebuilding Villa after the First World War. Villa won FA Cup beating Huddersfield Town 1–0 at Stamford Bridge It was Villa's sixth  FA Cup win surpassing the previous record, Blackburn and Wanderers' total of five.

Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge (/ˈstæmfərd/) is a football stadium in Fulham, in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, in West London. It is the home of Premier League club Chelsea. With a capacity of 41,312, it is the twelfth-largest football stadium in England.

Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.

Stamford Bridge has hosted Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.
Music and mathematics
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory.

While music theory has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, the basis of musical sound can be described mathematically (using acoustics) and exhibits "a remarkable array of number properties".

Beat (acoustics)
In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume, the rate of which is the difference of the two frequencies.

With tuning instruments that can produce sustained tones, beats can be readily recognized. Tuning two tones to a unison will present a peculiar effect: when the two tones are close in pitch but not identical, the difference in frequency generates the beating. The volume varies as in a tremolo while the sounds alternately interfere constructively and destructively. As the two tones gradually approach unison, the beating slows down and may become so slow as to be imperceptible. As the two tones get further apart, their beat frequency begins approaching the range of human pitch perception, the beating starts to sound like a note, and a combination tone is produced.
Amt Nennhausen
Amt Nennhausen is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Havelland, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Nennhausen.

The Amt Nennhausen consists of the following municipalities:

Kotzen

Märkisch Luch

Nennhausen

Stechow-Ferchesar

Havelland (district)
Havelland (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːfəlˌlant]) is a district or county in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Ostprignitz-Ruppin and Oberhavel, the city-state of Berlin, the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark, the city of Brandenburg and the state of Saxony-Anhalt (districts of Jerichower Land and Stendal).
Ruhr-Lenne-Express
The Ruhr-Lenne-Express (RE 16) is a Regional-Express service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, running from Essen via Bochum, Witten, Bochum, Hagen and Iserlohn-Letmathe to Iserlohn. It is operated by VIAS Rail hourly.

Bochum Hauptbahnhof
Bochum Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Bochum in western Germany. In its current incarnation, it was built from 1955 to 1957 and is one of the most notable 1950s railway stations in Germany.
The station underwent extensive remodeling and modernisation from 2004 to 2006 and was officially reopened on 29 May 2006.
Love & Hip Hop: New York season 9
The ninth season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: New York aired on VH1 from November 26, 2018 until March 18, 2019. The season was primarily filmed in New York City, New York. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young, Stephanie Gayle and Treiva Williams for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, David DiGangi, Dave Patry, Richard Allen, Meredith Kisgen and Michael Carrozza for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz, Liz Fine and Vivian Gomez for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the New York area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 16 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker.

Maino (rapper)
Jermaine Coleman (better known by his stage name Maino; born August 30, 1973) is an American rapper and radio personality. After an ineffective tenure with Universal Motown Records, he signed with Atlantic Records and released his 2008 debut single, “Hi Hater,” which entered several Billboard charts. His 2009 follow-up single, “All the Above” (featuring T-Pain), peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Both songs preceded the release of his debut studio album, If Tomorrow Comes… (2009), which peaked at number 25 on the Billboard 200. Its sequel, The Day After Tomorrow (2012), peaked at number 94 and was supported by the single "Let It Fly" (featuring Roscoe Dash).
Tavr Battalion (Ukraine)
The Tavr Battalion formerly the Svyatyi Mykolai Battalion (lit. Saint Nicholas Battalion), also known as Mykolaiv Battalion, is a battalion of the Tsunami Regiment of the Liut Brigade of the Special Tasks Patrol Police subordinated to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. It was established in 2014 and has, since then seen regular combat on the frontlines in addition to special counter-crime operations.

Anti-terrorist Operation Zone
Anti-Terrorist Operation Zone (Ukrainian: Зона проведення антитерористичної операції, romanized: Zona provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi), or ATO zone (Ukrainian: Зона АТО, romanized: Zona ATO), was a term used by the media, public, the government of Ukraine, and the OSCE and other foreign institutions to identify Ukrainian territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (oblasts) under the control of Russian military forces and pro-Russian separatists. As the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine escalated with the arrival of armed militias, the Ukrainian government declared the start of an "Anti-Terrorist Operation" (ATO), marking the beginning of the War in Donbas. A significant part of ATO (JFO, starting 2018) zone was considered temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. In Minsk II protocols of 2015 it was referred to as 'certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions'.
Amphiprion latezonatus
Amphiprion latezonatus, also known as the wide-band anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish found in subtropical waters off the east coast of Australia. Like all anemonefishes, it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of its host.  It is a sequential hermaphrodite  with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male.

Sebae clownfish
Amphiprion sebae, also known as the sebae clownfish, is an anemonefish found in the northern Indian Ocean, from Java to the Arabian Peninsula. Like all anemonefish it is usually found living in association with sea anemones. While the common name of Heteractis crispa, the sebae anemone, suggests an association, it is normally found with the Stichodactyla haddoni or saddle anemone. A. sebae, like all anemonefish, lives in a symbiotic relationship with the host anemone where the fish is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the anemone.  In a group of clownfish, Only two clownfish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce through external fertilization. Clownfish are sequential hermaphrodites, changing from male to female, with a strict dominance hierarchy and only  the largest fish being female.
BitTorious
BitTorious is a combination open-source BitTorrent Tracker and web-based management portal released in 2014 by Preston Lee  from the Biomedical Informatics Department at Arizona State University. The primary difference between BitTorious' integrated tracker and other available trackers is the addition of a role-based permissions model and feed-based organization system. The source code is written in AngularJS, Ruby on Rails and PostgreSQL, and may be run on Linux, Windows or OS X server environments.

AngularJS
AngularJS (also known as Angular 1) is a discontinued free and open-source JavaScript-based web framework for developing single-page applications. It was maintained mainly by Google and a community of individuals and corporations. It aimed to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in web applications and progressive web applications.

AngularJS was used as the frontend of the MEAN stack, that consisted of MongoDB database, Express.js web application server framework, AngularJS itself (or Angular), and Node.js server runtime environment.

As of January 1, 2022, Google no longer updates AngularJS to fix security, browser compatibility, or jQuery issues. The Angular team recommends upgrading to Angular (v2+) as the best path forward, but they also provided some other options.
Punjab State Super League
The Punjab State Super League (simply known as the Punjab Super League or the JCT Punjab Super League) is an Indian top state-level regional football league in the state of Punjab. The league serves as the top football league in the state of Punjab and is sanctioned by Punjab Football Association. The league has been long-sponsored by the JCT Limited.

Punjab Football Association
The Punjab Football Association (PFA), is the state-level football governing body for Punjab, India. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the sports national governing body. It sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.
YSO 244-440
YSO 244-440 (also nicknamed the Stellar Sprinkler) is a binary system of young stellar objects (YSO) located 1,300 light years from Earth in the constellation of Orion. The two objects have an orbital separation of 30-40 AU. The larger object has a mass of about 0.5 solar masses while the smaller object orbiting it has a mass of around <0.2 solar masses. It has an age of roughly 0.1-0.2 million years old. It is a giant proplyd with a radius of approximately 1,400 AU across making it one of the largest proplyds in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC).

The system has a bipolar jet with a noticeable S-shape morphology. The morphology of the jets is from the material being launched from the smaller star orbiting the larger. Another factor in the shape of the bipolar jet is the strong amounts of radiation produced by the stars.

Orion (constellation)
Orion is a prominent set of stars visible during winter in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the 88 modern constellations; it was among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century AD/CE astronomer Ptolemy. It is named after a hunter in Greek mythology.

Orion is most prominent during winter evenings in the Northern Hemisphere, as are five other constellations that have stars in the Winter Hexagon asterism. Orion's two brightest stars, Rigel (β) and Betelgeuse (α), are both among the brightest stars in the night sky; both are supergiants and slightly variable. There are a further six stars brighter than magnitude 3.0, including three making the short straight line of the Orion's Belt asterism. Orion also hosts the radiant of the annual Orionids, the strongest meteor shower associated with Halley's Comet, and the Orion Nebula, one of the brightest nebulae in the sky.
D-series trains
D-series trains (Chinese: 动车组列车)  trains are a type of train service offered by China Railway. They are further divided into two types: One type is an electric multiple unit EMU train that runs on high-speed or rapid railways (and in the early days, also on upgraded conventional railways). These trains are numbered D9XX (sleeper trains) and D plus four digits, with a maximum operating speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) and make more stops than G-series trains. The other type runs on classic rails and is operated by CR200J EMUs as a replacement for traditional trains. These have a maximum operating speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), the same as Z-series trains, and are numbered D1 to D899.

G-series trains
G-series trains (Chinese: 高速动车组列车) are the fastest train services of China Railway. The trains usually run on dedicated high-speed railways with a designed top speed of 300–350 km/h (186–217 mph). The prefix "G" is pronounced as Gao in the CR system, which is short for Gaosu Dongche meaning high-speed EMUs in Chinese. The numbering of G trains are defined by the prefix G followed by a train number. Compared with D-series trains, G-series trains are operated at higher speeds for either part or whole of the journey, and if compared to the D trains sharing  the route, may have fewer stops and even overtake these D trains by giving the latter a longer stay at some stations. G trains are also the only type of train that do not permit standees.
1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool C
Group C of the 1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Americas Zone Group I of the 1995 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage and the bottom team being relegated down to Group II for 1996.

1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from the Americas. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The four teams were then randomly drawn into a two-stage knockout tournament, with the winner advancing to the World Group II Play-offs.
Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson
Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson (born 6 August 1990) is an Icelandic footballer who plays as a centre-back for Úrvalsdeild karla club Valur and the Iceland national team. He is the son of Eyjólfur Sverrisson, former Iceland international and manager.

2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship was the 18th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Denmark between 11 and 25 June 2011.

The Danish bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee on 10 December 2008 in Nyon, Switzerland. This bid defeated the other bid from Israel.

Qualification for the final tournament took place between March 2009 and October 2010.

This competition also acted as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics, as 3 teams qualified.

Spain won their third title after defeating Switzerland 2–0 in the final.
Galatolo Mafia clan
The Galatolo Mafia clan was a criminal family originating from the Acquasanta neighborhood of Palermo. They are one of the longest-running Mafia clans in the city, having held important positions throughout most of the 20th century and beyond and even coming to rule the entire Resuttana mandamento in the early 21st century.

Sicilian Mafia Commission
The Sicilian Mafia Commission (Italian: Commissione provinciale), known as Commissione or Cupola, is a body of leading Sicilian Mafia members who decide on important questions concerning the actions of, and settling disputes within the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra. It is composed of representatives of a mandamento (a district of three geographically contiguous Mafia families) who are called capo mandamento or rappresentante. The Commission is not a central government of the Mafia, but a representative mechanism for consultation of independent Mafia families who decide by consensus. Its primary role is to keep the use of violence among families within limits tolerable to the public and political authorities.
Metaflumizone
Metaflumizone is a semicarbazone broad-spectrum insecticide developed by Nihon Nohyaku with activity on Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and certain Hemiptera. It is also used for the veterinary treatment of fleas and ticks, marketed under the brand name ProMeris.
A discontinued variant of ProMeris, called ProMeris Duo or Promeris for Dogs, was indicated for canine use and was a formulated blend of metaflumizone and amitraz.  The metaflumizone-only formulation is waterproof and typically remain effective for 30–45 days in a cutaneous application at the base of the neck.

Semicarbazone
In organic chemistry, a semicarbazone is a derivative of imines formed by a condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide.  They are classified as imine derivatives because they are formed from the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with the terminal -NH2 group of semicarbazide, which behaves very similarly to primary amines.
Guru Gobind Singh Medical College
Guru Gobind Singh Medical College is a public medical college located in Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Giani Zail Singh, president of India (1982–1987) was one of the few people involved in bringing the medical college to the Faridkot city, when he was the Chief minister of Punjab in 1972–1977. The first batch came to GGS Medical College Faridkot during the year 1973 for MBBS course. Since then this medical College has trained over 100 doctors each year.

In year 2013, many allied health science subjects has started being taught at this medical college. One among them is Bachelor of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology (BASLP). GGS Medical College currently runs both undergraduate and postgraduate degree course and trains 10 audiologists and speech therapists every year.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.