hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Colored Youth
The Institute for Colored Youth was founded in 1837 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It became the first college for African-Americans in the United States, although there were schools that admitted African Americans preceding it. At the time, public policy and certain statutory provisions prohibited the education of blacks in various parts of the nation and slavery was entrenched across the south. It was followed by two other black institutions— Lincoln University in Pennsylvania (1854), and Wilberforce University in Ohio (1856). The second site of the Institute for Colored Youth at Ninth and Bainbridge Streets in Philadelphia was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is also known as the Samuel J. Randall School. A three-story, three-bay brick building was built for it in 1865, in the Italianate-style After moving to Cheyney, Pennsylvania in Delaware County, Pennsylvania its name was changed to Cheyney University.

Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)
Lincoln University (LU) is a public state-related historically black university (HBCU) in Lower Oxford Township, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as the private Ashmun Institute in 1854, it has been a public institution since 1972. Lincoln is also recognized as the first college-degree-granting HBCU in the country. Its main campus is located on 422 acres (170.8 ha) in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. The university has a second location in University City, Philadelphia. Lincoln University provides undergraduate and graduate coursework to approximately 2,000 students. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

While a majority of its students are African Americans, the university has a long history of accepting students of other races and nationalities. Women have received degrees since 1953, and made up 66% of undergraduate enrollment in 2019.
Euzetia
Euzetia is the only genus in the subfamily Euzetiinae, a group of flatworms which parasitize Elasmobranchs.  As of 2008, only two species have been described in the genus, however others may remain undescribed.  The genus consists of Euzetia occultum, which is the type species for the genus, and Euzetia lamothei, which was described in 2008.  E. occultum parasitizes the Australian cownose ray, Rhinoptera neglecta, while E. lamothei parasitizes a different species in the same genus, the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus.  Both species inhabit the gills of their respective hosts.  The genus is differentiated from other genera based on the morphology of the haptor, and is named for the French parasitologist Louis Euzet.

Euzetia occultum
Euzetia occultum is a species of flatworm which parasitizes the gills of the Australian cownose ray and is the type species for its genus.   It can be distinguished from Euzetia lamothei based on its overall size and reproductive morphology.
Khusela Diko
Khusela Diko (née Sangoni) is a South African politician, public servant, and communications strategist. She was spokesperson to South African President Cyril Ramaphosa from March 2018 until July 2020, when she was implicated in a high-profile COVID-19 procurement scandal and took extended special leave. She was formerly the head of communications for the African National Congress (ANC) from 2016 to 2018 and before that was head of communications for the Gauteng provincial government. She has also served on the Provincial Executive Committee of the ANC in Gauteng, and in December 2022 she was elected to a five-year term on the party's National Executive Committee.

African National Congress Youth League
The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) is the youth wing of the African National Congress (ANC). As set out in its constitution, the ANC Youth League is led by a National Executive Committee (NEC) and a National Working Committee (NWC).
History of North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia was established by the British military administration's "Operation Marriage" on 23 August 1946 by merging the Rhine Province with the Province of Westphalia. On 21 January 1947, the former Free State of Lippe was merged with North Rhine-Westphalia.

Eastphalia
Eastphalia (German: Ostfalen [ɔstˈfaːlən] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Oostfalen) is a historical region in northern Germany, encompassing the eastern Gaue (shires) of the historic stem duchy of Saxony, roughly confined by the River Leine in the west and the Elbe and Saale in the east. The territory corresponds with modern southeastern Lower Saxony, western Saxony-Anhalt, and northern Thuringia. Together with Westphalia, Angria, and Nordalbingia, it was one of the four main Saxon administrative regions.
Tachanka
A tachanka (Russian and Ukrainian: тачанка) is a horse-drawn cart (such as a charabanc) or an open wagon with a heavy machine gun mounted on the rear side. A tachanka requires a crew of two or three (one driver and a machine gun crew) and must be pulled by two to four horses.

Cart
A cart is a two-wheeled vehicle designed for transport. It can be pulled by humans or draught animals such as horses, donkeys, mules and oxen, or smaller animals such as goats and large dogs.

The word cart is often used incorrectly to indicate four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicles. Over time, the word "cart" has expanded to mean nearly any small conveyance without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion. The word car has often been modified to cart through colloquialization. For example, several small sport and hobby cars carry "cart" in their name such as pedal carts (manually pedaled), soap-box carts (gravity run), and go-carts (gas engine). Similarly, golf cars are more commonly known as golf carts.

A cartwright is a builder of carts, and a carter is the person operating a horse and cart for haulage. The surname "Carter" derives from the occupation.
Galarrwuy Yunupingu
Galarrwuy Yunupingu (30 June 1948 – 3 April 2023), also known as James Galarrwuy Yunupingu and Dr Yunupingu, was an Indigenous Australian activist who was a leader in the Aboriginal Australian community. He was involved in Indigenous land rights throughout his career. He was a Yolngu man of the Gumatj clan, from Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. He was the 1978 Australian of the Year.

Gove Peninsula
The Gove Peninsula  is at the northeastern corner of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. The peninsula became strategically important during World War II when a Royal Australian Air Force base was constructed at what is now Gove Airport. The peninsula was involved in a famous court case known as the Gove land rights case, when local Yolngu people tried to claim native title over their traditional lands in 1971, after the Australian Government had granted a mineral lease to a bauxite mining company without consulting the local peoples. Today the land is owned by the Yolngu people.
Conjunctive grammar
Conjunctive grammars are a class of formal grammars
studied in formal language theory.
They extend the basic type of grammars,
the context-free grammars,
with a conjunction operation.
Besides explicit conjunction,
conjunctive grammars allow implicit disjunction
represented by multiple rules for a single nonterminal symbol,
which is the only logical connective expressible in context-free grammars.
Conjunction can be used, in particular,
to specify intersection of languages.
A further extension of conjunctive grammars
known as Boolean grammars
additionally allows explicit negation.

The rules of a conjunctive grammar are of the form

where  is a nonterminal and
, ..., 
are strings formed of symbols in  and  (finite sets of terminal and nonterminal symbols respectively).
Informally, such a rule asserts that 
every string  over 
that satisfies each of the syntactical conditions represented
by , ..., 
therefore satisfies the condition defined by .

String operations
In computer science, in the area of formal language theory, frequent use is made of a variety of string functions; however, the notation used is different from that used for computer programming, and some commonly used functions in the theoretical realm are rarely used when programming. This article defines some of these basic terms.
John J. Farrell (Irish Parliamentary Party politician)
John Joseph Farrell (c. 1871 – 31 May 1854) was an Irish businessman and politician. He was a member of Dublin Corporation, and served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1911 to 1912. He as a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

Farrell is recorded in the 1911 census of Ireland, when he was Lord Mayor of Dublin and living in the Mansion House. He married Mary Josephine in 1898; and they had six children.

He had business interests in several cinemas in Dublin, and was the managing director of the Irish Kinematograph Company. In 1917, he claimed £77 10s for damage caused by gunfire during the 1916 Easter Rising to a building owned by the Irish Kinematograph Company in O'Connell Street. The Property Losses Committee recommended a payment of £20.

On 10 February 1920, his home in Drumcondra was raided by British forces, under the DORA act.

Lord Mayor of Dublin
The Lord Mayor of Dublin (Irish: Ardmhéara Bhaile Átha Cliath) is the honorary title of the chairperson (Irish: Cathaoirleach [ˈkahiːɾˠl̠ʲəx]) of Dublin City Council which is the local government body for the city of Dublin, the capital of Ireland. The incumbent, since June 2025, is Fine Gael councillor Ray McAdam. The office holder is elected annually by the members of the council.
Gmina Stromiec
Gmina Stromiec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Stromiec, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Białobrzegi and 65 km (40 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 156.47 square kilometres (60.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,618.

Białobrzegi County
Białobrzegi County (Polish: powiat białobrzeski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Białobrzegi, which lies 63 kilometres (39 mi) south of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Wyśmierzyce, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Białobrzegi.

The county covers an area of 639.28 square kilometres (246.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 33,524, out of which the population of Białobrzegi is 6,951, that of Wyśmierzyce is 885, and the rural population is 25,688.
Rouxville, Johannesburg
Rouxville is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa, around 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northeast of City Hall.

Rouxville covers 0.22 square kilometres (0.085 sq mi) in the shape of an upside-down triangle, borders Highlands North to the north, Raedene Estate to the northeast, Sydenham, Bagleyston to the southwest, and Hawkins Estate to the northwest.

It was founded in 1896 on part of the farm known as Klipfontein, and its name comes from the Jacobus Petrus Roux (1865–1929), who sold the land to F.D.J. Viljoen in 1895. Like much of northeastern Johannesburg, it was predominantly English-speaking.

Sydenham, Johannesburg
Sydenham is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. The suburb is surrounded by the area of Orchards, Orange Grove and other smaller suburbs.
Ganjar Pranowo 2024 presidential campaign
The electoral campaign for the 2024 Indonesian presidential election of Ganjar Pranowo, two-term governor of Central Java, was officially launched in April 2023 upon his party the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle's endorsement of his candidacy on 21 April 2023. On 18 October 2023, PDI-P endorsed Mahfud MD as candidate vice president.

People's Conscience Party
The People's Conscience Party (Indonesian: Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat), better known by its abbreviation, Hanura, is a political party in Indonesia. It was established following a meeting in Jakarta on 13–14 December 2006 and first headed by former Indonesian National Armed Forces commander Wiranto.

The party lost its seats in the House of Representatives (DPR) after a poor performance in the 2019 general election.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor
Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. Transforming growth factor beta family proteins bind to these receptors. There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors:

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1:
ACVR1
BMPR1A
BMPR1B

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2

ACVR1
Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; it is also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2).  ACVR1 has been linked to the 2q23-24 region of the genome. This protein is important in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway that is responsible for the development and repair of the skeletal system. While knockout models with this gene are in progress, the ACVR1 gene has been connected to fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, an extremely rare progressive genetic disease characterized by heterotopic ossification of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. It is a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1.
Tondeka Metro Bus Service
The Tondeka Metropolitan Kampala Bus Service (TMBS) is the proposed principal public transport operator in the Kampala metropolitan area. Expected to start in September 2020, the bus system, Tondeka Metro, proposes to serve the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital, the city of Entebbe, including Entebbe International Airport, Buloba, Nsangi, Ssabagabo, Mukono, Kira Town, Matugga, Wakiso, and the areas in Mukono District and Wakiso District that connect with these urban centers.

Entebbe
Entebbe is a city in Central Uganda which is located on  Lake Victoria peninsula, approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the Ugandan capital city, Kampala. Entebbe was once the seat of government for the Protectorate of Uganda prior to independence, in 1962. The city is the location of Entebbe International Airport, Uganda's largest commercial and military airport, which gained worldwide attention in a 1976 Israeli rescue of 100 hostages kidnapped by the militant group of the PFLP-EO and Revolutionary Cells (RZ) organizations. Entebbe is also the location of State House, the official office and residence of the President of Uganda.
Arsen of Iqalto
Arsen Iqaltoeli or Arsen of Iqalto (Georgian: არსენ იყალთოელი) (died c. 1127) was a Georgian churchman, theologian, calligrapher and religious author with noticeable role in the ecclesiastic life of Georgia in the reign of David IV "the Builder" (r. 1089—1125) with whom he collaborated in rearing the Georgian monastic academes. His formidable efforts at translating and compiling major doctrinal and polemical work from Greek gave a novel impetus to the Georgian patristic and philosophical literature. Iqaltoeli is canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church, which commemorates him on February 6 (19).

David IV
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder (Georgian: დავით IV აღმაშენებელი, romanized: davit IV aghmashenebeli; c. 1073 –  24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.

Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, he was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Alcatel One Touch 990
Alcatel One Touch 990 is an Android 2.2 froyo touchscreen smartphone, from Alcatel One Touch series, phone has 5-megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash. An off-line upgrade to 2.3 is available for many variants.

Alcatel Mobile
Alcatel is a French brand of mobile handsets owned by Finnish telecommunications company Nokia and used under license by Chinese electronics company TCL Technology. The brand originates with former French conglomerate Alcatel, who began building mobile phones from at least 1991. At the time known as Alcatel One Touch, the brand was licensed in 2005 to TCL, who have ever since held sole rights from Alcatel's successors, Alcatel-Lucent and Nokia, having produced various handsets as well as other handheld devices mostly in the budget sector.
2010 Ritro Slovak Open
The 2010 Ritro Slovak Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ series of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2010 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Bratislava, Slovakia between 15 and 21 November 2010.

2010 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 13 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
Sutton, West Sussex
Sutton is a village, Anglican parish and civil parish in the District of Chichester in West Sussex, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Petworth and east of the A285 road.
The parish has a land area of 920 hectares (2272 acres). In the 2001 census 192 people lived in 83 households, of whom 83 were economically active. The 2011 Census population included the village of Barlavington and hamlet of Codmore Hill.

The village has an Anglican church dedicated to St John the Baptist, and a pub, the White Horse.

Chichester District
Chichester is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the city of Chichester, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district includes the towns of Midhurst, Petworth and Selsey and surrounding rural areas, including many villages. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park, and Chichester Harbour is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 124,531.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Arun, Horsham, Waverley, East Hampshire and Havant.
Ford, West Sussex
Ford  is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It is centred 2 miles (3 km) south by south-west of Arundel and west of Worthing. The civil parish very gently slopes to the east, where it has the public track alongside the River Arun and the land is low but well-drained at 2 to 7 metres above Ordnance Datum (sea level).

The parish includes HM Prison Ford, otherwise known as Ford Open Prison centred on the site of two former government installations, the RAF Ford Battle of Britain airfield and the Royal Naval Air Station HMS Peregrine.  These have a small commemorative garden, Rollaston Park, along the road of the same name.

Ford railway station is on the West Coastway Line which has the listed building and pub next to it on semi-rural Arundel Road.  Some larger units of Rudford Industrial estate are in the south of the parish.

Arundel
Arundel (/ˈærəndəl/ ARR-ən-dəl or locally /ˈɑːndəl/ AHN-dəl) is a market town and civil parish in the Arun District of the South Downs, West Sussex, England.

The much-conserved town has a medieval castle and Roman Catholic cathedral. Arundel has a museum and comes second behind much larger Chichester in its number of listed buildings in West Sussex.  The River Arun runs through the eastern side of the town.

The Arundel electoral borough was one of many reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835.

From 1836 to 1889 the town had its own Borough police force with a strength of three. In 1974 it became part of the Arun district, and is now a civil parish with a town council.
Philousa Kelokedharon
Philousa Kelokedharon (Greek: Φιλούσα Κελοκεδάρων) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 4 km east of Arminou. The village of Filousa Kelokedaron is located in the province of Pafos. It is 40 km from the cities of Pafos and Limassol. Filousa Kelokedaron is one of the first villages of the Darizou valley, 15 km southwest of Platres, in the area of Omodos - Arsos. It is adjacent to the villages of Pretori, Kedares and Agios Nikolaos.

Arminou
Arminou (Greek: Αρμίνου) is a village in the Paphos District of Cyprus, located 5 km north of Salamiou on the F617 road from Filousa to Mandria. The village is on the Dhiarizos River which is second in terms of flow river in Cyprus. The Arminou Dam, an earthfill structure, is built in the Diarizos river and was inaugurated in December 1998. According to data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, the dam's capacity is 4.3 million cubic metres, with a height of 40 metres and a length of 194 metres.
Østre Gausdal Church
Østre Gausdal Church (Norwegian: Østre Gausdal kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Gausdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in Prestgarden, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of the village of Segalstad bru. It is the church for the Østre Gausdal parish which is part of the Sør-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1250 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 280 people.

Prestegjeld
A prestegjeld was a geographic and administrative area within the Church of Norway (Den Norske Kirke) roughly equivalent to a parish. This traditional designation was in use for centuries to divide the kingdom into ecclesiastical areas that were led by a parish priest. Prestegjelds began in the 1400s and were officially discontinued in 2012.
Trondhjems Elektricitetsværk og Sporvei
Trondhjems Elektricitetsværk og Sporvei was a municipally owned power company and tram operator in Trondheim, Norway between 1901 and 1936 when the company was split in Trondheim Energiverk (TEV) and Trondheim Sporvei. The company was founded on November 4, 1901, to build a hydro electric power plant at Øvre Leirfoss and the Trondheim Tramway that replaced the old horse omnibus service from 1893.

Through the company the tramway in Trondheim was expanded to Elgeseter with Elgeseterlinjen in 1913 and to Trondheim Central Station. The company was organised as a municipal agency. Today both the successors of the company are owned by the Government of Norway with TEV being a subsidiary of Statkraft while Trondheim Sporvei now is part of Team Trafikk, a subsidiary of Nettbuss.

Team Trafikk
Team Trafikk AS was the bus company in Trondheim, Norway, since 2002 owned by Nettbuss. The company had 225 buses, 600 employees, a revenue of NOK 270 million and a daily ridership of ca 70,000 passengers in 2005. The company received subsidies from the City of Trondheim for their operations.
Trembleur Lake
Trembleur Lake is a lake in the Omineca Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, northwest of Fort St. James between Stuart Lake and the south end of Takla Lake.  It is part of the Nechako Lakes. Its name in the Dakelh language is Dzindlat Bun.  It has also been known as Cross Lake. Trembleur Lake Provincial Park is on its north shore, above the Middle River.  The reserve settlement of Middle River is at that river's mouth into Trembleur Lake.

Omineca Country
The Omineca Country, also called the Omineca District or the Omineca, is a historical geographic region in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, roughly defined by the basin of the Omineca River but including areas to the south which allowed access to the region during the Omineca Gold Rush of the 1860s.  The term Omineca District also refers to the Omineca Mining District which referred to the same area but was a government administrative division.  Today the name loosely refers to the region northwest of Prince George and north of Hwy 16 (the Yellowhead Highway) and occurs in the names of such entities as electoral districts, e.g. Prince George-Omineca.