hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services Department
The Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services Department (Malay: Jabatan Perkhidmatan Kuarantin dan Pemeriksaan Malaysia; Jawi: جابتن ڤرخدمتن كوارنتين دان ڤمريقسأن مليسيا‎; officially abbreviated as MAQIS) is a Malaysian government agency under the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security that is responsible for enforcing Malaysian quarantine laws and provides an integrated services related to quarantine and inspection works, particularly for agricultural and agro-based products. Since its establishment in 2013, MAQIS has been regarded as a bastion of the nation's biosecurity.

Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments. In agriculture, these measures are aimed at protecting food crops and livestock from pests, invasive species, and other organisms not conducive to the welfare of the human population. The term includes biological threats to people, including those from pandemic diseases and bioterrorism. The definition has sometimes been broadened to embrace other concepts, and it is used for different purposes in different contexts.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a threat for which biosecurity measures have been needed in all countries of the world.
Carbacanthographis salazinica
Carbacanthographis salazinica is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2001 by lichenologist Alan Archer. The type specimen was collected by Archer in Conglomerate State Forest (New South Wales). Here the lichen was found growing on the bark of a palm tree. Its thallus is thin and grayish-green, with conspicuous white lirellae measuring 1–4 mm long. The specific epithet refers to salazinic acid, the presence of which is a distinguishing characteristic of this species. The lichen also has trace amounts of other secondary chemicals, including  consalazinic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid. In 2005 Archer transferred the taxon to genus Carbacanthographis.

Carbacanthographis
Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species. This revision allowed for further identification of undescribed species from other collections, and subsequently, 14 species were added in 2023 from the Amazonian lowland forests of Brazil and the Guianas.
Tourism on the Eastern Shore (Nova Scotia)
The Eastern Shore is a tourism region of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It provides two percent of the revenue for the province's tourism economy. One of its key features is an archipelago known as the 100 Wild Islands area.

Municipality of the District of Guysborough
Guysborough, officially the Municipality of the District of Guysborough, is a Canadian district municipality in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia. First inhabited by the Mi'kmaq, The area was colonized by France in the 17th century. Large numbers of loyalists settled in the area after the American Revolutionary War. The Municipality was created in 1879 when the administration of Guysborough County was divided between Guysborough and St. Mary's. Canso was incorporated as a town in 1901, but dissolved and rejoined the municipality in 2012. The municipal office is located in Guysborough.
UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson
UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson (also known as UFC Fight Night 150 or UFC on ESPN+ 8) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on April 27, 2019, at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida.

Invicta Fighting Championships
Invicta Fighting Championships, also known as Invicta FC, is an American professional mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion dedicated to women's mixed martial arts  that was founded in 2012 by Janet Martin and Shannon Knapp. The promotion is currently owned by the Canadian-based Anthem Sports & Entertainment.

The company's name comes from the Latin word for "invincible and incomparable", which appears in the feminine form.
Johan Fick
General Johan Isak Jacobus Fick was the founder of Ficksburg, a town in the Free State province, South Africa. After the Basotho Wars, peace was made and the town named after Johan Fick. He was also known as Commandant Generaal Johan Fick.

He was born on September 22, 1816, on the farm Kruisfontein, in Olifantshoek in the Grahamstown district of South Africa. He died on May 20, 1892, at the age of 75. He was buried in the town of Ficksburg. He was the son of Paul Hendrik Fick and Lenie Meyer. He was the second eldest of four sons his parents had, with the eldest Johan inheriting the family farm.

Moshoeshoe I
Moshoeshoe I (/mʊˈʃwɛʃwɛ/) (c. 1786 – 11 March 1870) was the first king of Lesotho. He was the first son of Mokhachane, a minor chief of the Bamokoteli lineage, a branch of the Bakoena (crocodile) clan. In his youth, he helped his father gain power over some other smaller clans. In 1820, at the age of 34, Moshoeshoe succeeded his father as the Bamokoteli chief and formed his own clan. He and his followers settled at the Butha-Buthe Mountain. He became the first and ultimately longest-serving King of Lesotho in 1822.
Zone 6 of Milan
The Zone 6 of Milan, since 2016 officially Municipality 6 of Milan, (in Italian: Zona 6 di Milano, Municipio 6 di Milano) is one of the 9 administrative divisions of Milan, Italy.

It was officially created as an administrative subdivision during the 1980s. On 14 April 2016, in order to promote a reform on the municipal administrative decentralization, the City Council of Milan established the new Municipality 6, a new administrative body responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection, roads, parks, libraries and local commerce.

On 5 March 1999 the new Zone 6, which corresponds to the south-western part of the city, was made up by the union of the previous Zones 16 (Barona, Ronchetto sul Naviglio), 17 (Lorenteggio, Inganni), and 5 (Porta Ticinese, Porta Genova).

Cascina a corte
Cascina a corte (Italian: [kaʃˈʃiːna a kˈkorte]; lit. 'courtyard-provided farmstead'; plural: cascine a corte), or more simply cascina (Lombard: cassina [kaˈsina]; Piedmontese: cassin-a [kaˈsiŋa]), refers to a type of rural building traditional of the Po Valley, northern Italy, especially of Lombardy and of some areas of Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna.

Also known as cascine lombarde or just cascine, these buildings are reported in the Po Valley at least since the 16th century, even though they became common in the 18th and 19th centuries. In particular, during the Napoleonic era, a number of religious buildings were confiscated and transformed into cascine.
Acoustic wave
Acoustic waves are types of mechanical waves that propagate through matter—such as gas, liquid, and/or solids—by causing the particles of the medium to displace from their equilibrium positions. These waves carry energy and are characterized by properties like acoustic pressure, particle velocity, and acoustic intensity. The speed of an acoustic wave depends on the properties of the medium it travels through and on temperature; for example, it travels at approximately 343 meters per second in air, and 1480 meters per second in water. Acoustic waves encompass a broad range of phenomena, from audible sound to seismic waves and ultrasound, finding applications in diverse fields like acoustics, engineering, and medicine.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Real M'buco
Clube Desportivo Real do Mbuco is an Angolan football club from the northern province of Cabinda. While originally from the village of Mbuco Zau, they are playing their home games at the Estádio do Tafe in the province's capital city of Cabinda.

In 2015, the club withdrew from the Gira Angola, citing financial reasons.

The team plays in the Gira Angola, the Angolan second division.

Girabola
Girabola, or Campeonato Nacional de Futebol de Séniores Masculinos, is the top division of Angolan football. It is organized by the Angolan Football Federation.

The term "Girabola" (lit. 'spin ball') is a creation of the nationalist, radio broadcaster and sports reporter Rui Carvalho, in 1972, at a time when the Angolan championship was still officially called "Campeonato do Estado Ultramarino de Angola". The name "Girabola" differentiated the competition from the other overseas provinces and was a subtle form of anti-colonial protest.

The league winner and runner-up qualify for the CAF Champions League.
Hooley's delta function
In mathematics, Hooley's delta function (), also called Erdős--Hooley delta-function, defines the maximum number of divisors of  in  for all , where  is the Euler's number. The first few terms of this sequence are

(sequence A226898 in the OEIS).

Terence Tao
Terence Chi-Shen Tao FAA FRS (born 17 July 1975) is an Australian and American mathematician. He is a Fields medalist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the James and Carol Collins Chair in the College of Letters and Sciences. His published research includes topics in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, algebraic combinatorics, arithmetic combinatorics, geometric combinatorics, probability theory, compressed sensing, analytic number theory and the applications of artificial intelligence in mathematics.

Tao was born to Chinese immigrant parents and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. Tao won the Fields Medal in 2006 and won the Royal Medal and Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in 2014, and is a 2006 MacArthur Fellow. Tao has been the author or co-author of over three hundred research papers, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living mathematicians.
John S. Davidson Fine Arts Magnet School
John S. Davidson Fine Arts Magnet School (DFA) is a public magnet school for the fine and performing arts located in downtown Augusta, Georgia, United States. It draws students in grades 6 through 12 throughout Richmond County. In addition to a basic curriculum of college preparatory and Advanced Placement academic courses, Davidson offers academic and fine arts courses in the areas of visual arts, music, chorus, dance, cinema production, and theatre. It has been recognized as a National Grammy Signature School, has been ranked as the #1 school in the state of Georgia, and has placed in the top 100 tier of Newsweek's "America's Best High Schools."

Arts and culture in Augusta, Georgia
The culture of Augusta, Georgia is influenced by the many different perspectives and histories of its community members, as well as its own history. The large military population of the area as well as the city's rural surroundings have affected the types of festivals and culture produced within the city. Another major influence on the culture of the city is the annual Masters golf tournament held in April of each year. The most prolific cultural medium produced by the city is its musicians, as evidenced by James Brown, Jessye Norman, and Wycliffe Gordon.  Though notably, the writer Frank Yerby and visual artist Jasper Johns were Augusta natives as well.
Tietze transformations
In group theory, Tietze transformations are used to transform a given presentation of a group into another, often simpler presentation of the same group.  These transformations are named after Heinrich Tietze who introduced them in a paper in 1908.

A presentation is in terms of generators and relations; formally speaking the presentation is a pair of a set of named generators, and a set of words in the free group on the generators that are taken to be the relations. Tietze transformations are built up of elementary steps, each of which individually rather evidently takes the presentation to a presentation of an isomorphic group. These elementary steps may operate on generators or relations, and are of four kinds.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Kvikne Church
Kvikne Church (Norwegian: Kvikne kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Nord-Fron Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kvikne. It is the church for the Kvikne parish which is part of the Nord-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1764 using plans drawn up by the architect Per Korpberget. The church seats about 160 people.

The church cemetery has many old soapstone grave markers, several of which have been gathered under an awning. The church can be reached via Norwegian County Road 255.

Nord-Fron Municipality
Nord-Fron is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vinstra. Other population centers in the municipality include the villages of Fefor, Kvam, and Skåbu.

The 1,141-square-kilometre (441 sq mi) municipality is the 95th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nord-Fron Municipality is the 174th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 5,553. The municipality's population density is 4.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi), and its population has decreased by 3.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Pod Save the World
Pod Save the World is a weekly American foreign policy podcast produced and distributed by Crooked Media, and hosted by former White House National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor and Ben Rhodes, the former Deputy National Security Advisor. In each episode, Vietor and Rhodes discuss foreign policy and international relations.

While other Crooked Media podcasts tend to focus heavily on domestic issues within the United States, Pod Save the World discusses global issues and international relations, with a focus on civic involvement. Vietor describes the podcast as a "no bullshit" approach to global news that tries to make complicated issues seem relatable and simple to understand.

They promote political activism and encourage democracy through various platforms but their key initiative is Vote Save America. They are closely related to other Crooked Media podcasts such as Lovett or Leave It hosted by Jon Lovett.

Jon Lovett
Jonathan Ira Lovett (born August 17, 1982) is an American podcaster, comedian, journalist, and former speechwriter. Lovett is a co-founder of Crooked Media, along with Jon Favreau and Tommy Vietor. All three formerly worked together as White House staffers during the Obama administration. Lovett is a regular host of the Crooked Media podcasts Pod Save America and Lovett or Leave It. As a speechwriter, he worked for both President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton when she was a United States senator and a 2008 presidential candidate. Lovett also co-created the NBC sitcom 1600 Penn, and was a writer and producer on the third season of HBO's The Newsroom. Lovett appeared as a contestant on Survivor 47 in 2024.
Richmond Thomason
Richmond Hunt Thomason (born 1939) is an American philosopher, logician, and computer scientist. He is professor emeritus of philosophy, linguistics, and electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, where he previously held the James B. and Grace J. Nelson Professorship.

Thomason is known for his work on modal and tense logic, the semantics of natural language, deontic logic, and the logical foundations of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. He edited the influential collection Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of Richard Montague and has authored widely used textbooks, including Symbolic Logic: An Introduction and, with Zoltán Gendler Szabó, the textbook Philosophy of Language. He is a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and a managing editor of Studia Logica.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Indiana Northeastern Railroad
The Indiana Northeastern Railroad (reporting mark IN) is a Class III short line freight railroad operating on nearly 130 miles (210 km) in southern lower Michigan, northeast Indiana and northwest Ohio. The Indiana Northeastern Railroad Company began operations in December 1992 and is an independent privately owned company. As of 2017 the railroad hauled more than 7,000 carloads per year. Commodities moved by the railroad include corn, soybeans, wheat and flour. It also handles plastics, fiberboard, aluminum, copper, coal, perlite, stone, lumber, glass, rendering products, as well as agricultural fertilizers and chemicals.

Hamilton, Indiana
Hamilton is a town located on the border of Steuben County, Indiana and DeKalb County, Indiana.  In Steuben County, it is in Otsego Township, and in DeKalb County it is in Franklin Township. The population was 1,529 at the 2020 census.
Cladophialophora
Cladophialophora is a genus of fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. It has 35 species. The genus contains black yeast-like fungi, some of which are species of important medical significance. Cladophialophora bantiana causes the rare brain disease cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. Cladophialophora carrionii is a common cause of chromoblastomycosis in semi-arid climates. Some of the species are endophytes–associating with plants. For example, Cladophialophora yegresii is a cactus endophyte, which is sometimes introduced into humans via cactus spines.

Herpotrichiellaceae
Herpotrichiellaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the order Chaetothyriales and within the class Eurotiomycetes. It contains 16 genera and about 270 species. The type genus of the family, Herpotrichiella, is now synonymous with Capronia.

It contains human–pathogenic species.
Basista
Basista, officially the Municipality of Basista (Pangasinan: Baley na Basista; Ilocano: Ili ti Basista; Tagalog: Bayan ng Basista), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 37,840 people.

Basista is 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Lingayen, 198 kilometres (123 mi) from Manila, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from San Carlos, and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Bayambang.

Bayambang
Bayambang, officially the Municipality of Bayambang (Pangasinan: Baley na Bayambang; Ilocano: Ili ti Bayambang; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bayambang), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 129,506 people.

It previously included the municipalities of Bautista, Alcala, Santo Tomas, Rosales, Paniqui, Gerona and Camiling. It was founded in the 16th century by Agalet, an Aeta.

Bayambang is the former seat of the 5th Capital of the Revolutionary Philippine Republic. It celebrates its Malangsi Fishtival [sic] in the 1st week of April ("Kalutan tan Gayaga ed Dalan"). Bayambang is the seat of the Pangasinan State University and its Colleges of Nursing and Education.
Barzanes of Armenia
Barzanes (Ancient Greek: Βαρζάνης), son of Sabatius, was a fictional king said to have been one of the early monarchs of the Kingdom of Armenia. His name and story appear in the works of several mostly Greek writers during the Hellenistic period, such as the 5th century BCE writer Ctesias and the 1st century BCE historian Diodorus Siculus.

According to the Babyloniaca  of Babylonian writer Berossus, Barzanes succeeded the first Armenian ruler, a "Scytha". Pre-modern writers wrote that Barzanes was himself deposed when Ninus invaded Armenia, annihilating some Armenian cities. Barzanes perceived Ninus's superior army, and propitiated Ninus with lavish gifts. Ninus allowed him to continue as a vassal.

Since modern scholars have been able to piece together a more confident and accurate history of the kings of the region, and know with certainty that Ninus is a fictional, not historical, figure, it is certain that Barzanes is likewise fictional.

Ninus
Ninus (Greek: Νίνος), according to Greek historians writing in the Hellenistic period and later, was the founder of Nineveh (also called Νίνου πόλις "city of Ninus" in Greek), ancient capital of Assyria. What figure or figures he may have been based on is uncertain; an identification with Shamshi-Adad I, Shamshi-Adad V, and/or a conflation of the two has been suggested.
Chagalamarri
Chagalamarri is a town  and capital of Chagalamarri mandal in the Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It sits under the Allagadda constituency for state assembly elections and under the Nandyal constituency for parliament elections. The town is almost the halfway point between Hyderabad and Bangalore and is located at the border of the Kurnool and Kadapa districts. Farming largely centers on paddy and flowers; its main water irrigation sources are the Vakkileru River and Kadapa-Kurnool canal.

Points of interest include the Jama, Noorani, and Khilla mosques; Ayyappa and Ammavarishala Ramalayam temples; and the Mary Mata church.

Kurnool
Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema". Kurnool is also famous for Diamond hunting as diamonds can be found in the barren land of Kurnool after the top layers of soil are washed away by the monsoon rains. It also serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. As of 2011 census, it is the fifth most populous city in the state with a population of 425,214. It is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the Konda Reddy Fort.