hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 5-hour Energy 200 (June)
The 2013 5-hour Energy 200 was the 11th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 1, 2013, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Joey Logano, driving for Penske Racing, erased a five-second deficit with pit strategy and would go on to win his 19th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Brian Vickers and Matt Kenseth of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Dover Motor Speedway
Stock car racing events in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series have been held at the Dover Motor Speedway. The track held 2 races annually from 1986 to 2020. The track dropped to one race a year in 2021, as Dover Motorsports gave a race to Nashville Superspeedway, where an annual race is held.
The Fares Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies
42°24′28″N 71°07′18″W﻿ / ﻿42.407662°N 71.12169°W﻿ / 42.407662; -71.12169

The Fares Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies is an interdisciplinary education and research organization founded in 2001, devoted to the regional study of the Eastern Mediterranean within the greater Middle East. The Center is part of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University. Its aim is the study and understanding the heritage of the Eastern Mediterranean and the challenges it faces in the twenty-first century, being at the crossroads between the academic and policy world.

Vali Nasr
Vali Reza Nasr (Persian: ولی‌ رضا نصر, born 20 December 1960) is an Iranian-American academic and political scientist, specializing in Middle Eastern studies and the history of Islam. He is Majid Khaddouri Professor of International Affairs and Middle East Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, D.C. He served as the eighth dean of the school from 2012 to 2019. Nasr is also a non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and has been described by The Economist as "a leading world authority on Shia Islam".
Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) is a constellation of communications satellites operated by the United States Space Force. They are used to relay secure communications for the United States Armed Forces, the British Armed Forces, the Canadian Armed Forces, the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Australian Defence Force. The system consists of six satellites in geostationary orbits. The final satellite was launched on 26 March 2020. AEHF is backward compatible with, and replaces, the older Milstar system and will operate at 44 GHz uplink (extremely high frequency (EHF) band) and 20 GHz downlink (super high frequency (SHF) band). The AEHF system is a joint service communications system that provides survivable, global, secure, protected, and jam-resistant communications for high-priority military ground, sea and air assets.

Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41
Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41), sometimes referred to as "Slick Forty-one," is one of two launch sites at the Integrate-Transfer-Launch Complex in Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. Originally built as Launch Complex 41 (LC-41), it and the neighboring Space Launch Complex 40 were designed for the United States Air Force's Titan III rocket program, where it launched the Titan IIIC in the 1960s and the Titan IIIE in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the Air Force and Martin Marietta upgraded the pad for use by the Titan III's successor, the Titan IV.

During the early 2000s, SLC-41 underwent modifications by Lockheed Martin in order to support the launch operations of the Atlas V. It was later transferred to United Launch Alliance (ULA)—a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing—who continues to use the pad today for launches of the Atlas V and its successor, Vulcan Centaur.
Jelovci (Han Pijesak)
Jelovci (Cyrillic: Јеловци) is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Han Pijesak and has a population of 76.

Han Pijesak
Han Pijesak (Serbian Cyrillic: Хан Пијесак) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 3,530 inhabitants, while the town of Han Pijesak has a population of 1,820 inhabitants.
Koisjärvi
Koisjärvi (Finnish pronunciation: [koi̯sˌjærʋi]) is a village in the former Nummi-Pusula municipality, now part of the city of Lohja in Uusimaa, Finland. In 2015, it has less that 500 inhabitants. The village is located near the lake of the same name.

Koisjärvi's attractions include a pine tree, which is said to be depicted on the 50, 20 and 10 Finnish markka and penni coins. Another landmark of the village is the wall inscription "Koisjärven disko" ("Koisjärvi's disco") at the same intersection, clearly visible from the road, in an old building (a former shop) painted with red clay.

The village was once home to a village school, founded in 1903, which was closed in 2014.

Nummi-Pusula
Nummi-Pusula (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnumːiˌpusulɑ]) is a former municipality of Finland. Its seat was in Nummi. Nummi-Pusula was formed in 1981 from the former municipalities Nummi and Pusula. With Karjalohja, it was merged with the town of Lohja on 1 January 2013.

It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the Uusimaa region. The municipality has a population of 6,175
(31 December 2012) and covers an area of 505.13 square kilometres (195.03 sq mi) of
which 36.8 km2 (14.2 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
13.1851/km2 (34.1494/sq mi).

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Crataegus columbiana
The name Crataegus columbiana is a source of considerable confusion. The species named by Thomas J.  Howell is now considered to be the same as C. douglasii, named earlier, and the earlier name should be used instead. However, some varieties of C. columbiana have also been named that are not related to C. douglasii. C. columbiana has been used by some authors for Crataegus piperi Britton, which is now known as C. chrysocarpa var. piperi.

For C. columbiana var. chrysocarpa (Ashe) Dorn see C. chrysocarpa Ashe.

For C. columbiana var. piperi (Britton) Eggl. see C. chrysocarpa var. piperi (Britton) Kruschke.

For C. columbiana var. occidentalis (Britton) Dorn see C. succulenta Schrad. ex. Link (including C. macracantha var. occidentalis (Britton) Eggl.).

Crataegus succulenta
Crataegus succulenta is a species of hawthorn known by the common names fleshy hawthorn, succulent hawthorn, and round-fruited cockspurthorn. It is "the most wide-ranging hawthorn in North America", native to much of southern Canada, and the United States as far south as Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, and Tennessee. In this wide area there are many variant forms that have received species names, but can also be considered as synonyms. It is thought to be the parent, along with Crataegus crus-galli, of the tetraploid species Crataegus persimilis.

The fruit is edible and can be made into jelly or crushed to make tea.
RNase PH
RNase PH is a tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, present in archaea and bacteria, that is involved in tRNA processing. Contrary to hydrolytic enzymes, it is a phosphorolytic enzyme, meaning that it uses inorganic phosphate as a reactant to cleave nucleotide-nucleotide bonds, releasing diphosphate nucleotides. The active structure of the proteins is a homohexameric complex, consisting of three ribonuclease (RNase) PH dimers. RNase PH has homologues in many other organisms, which are referred to as RNase PH-like proteins. The part of another larger protein with a domain that is very similar to RNase PH is called an RNase PH domain (RPD).

TRNA nucleotidyltransferase
In enzymology, a tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.56) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

tRNAn+1 + phosphate  tRNAn + a nucleoside diphosphate

where tRNA-N is a product of transcription, and tRNA Nucleotidyltransferase catalyzes this cytidine-cytidine-adenosine (CCA) addition to form the tRNA-NCCA product.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Ryan Lochte of US.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 19 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Michael Phelps of US.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool. The first two lengths were swum using the butterfly stroke, the second pair with the backstroke, the third pair of lengths in breaststroke, and the final two were freestyle.
Schaeffer–Fulton stain
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red. The primary stain is malachite green, and the counterstain is safranin, which dyes any other bacterial bodies red.

Endospores cannot be stained by normal staining procedures because their walls are practically impermeable to all chemicals. The Schaeffer- Fulton endospore stain uses heat to drive the primary stain(malachite green) into the endospore. After cooling, the slide is decolorized with water and counterstained with safranin.

Malachite green
Malachite green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture. Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials such as silk, leather, and paper. Despite its name the dye is not prepared from the mineral malachite; the name just comes from the similarity of color.
Esgrus
Esgrus (Danish: Eskeris) is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

The municipality consists of the hamlet of Esgrus, where the church is located, and which gave the municipality its name, three villages - Wippendorf, Brunsholm and Esgrusschauby - and four other hamlets (Atzbüll, Birzhaft, Grünholz, Haveholz). Esgrus is located in the northeast of Anglia, 6 km from the Gelting Bay and the Baltic Sea.

St. Mary's Church from the 12th century is one of the oldest fieldstone churches in Anglia. The Frauenhof estate is located in the southeast of the municipality.  The representative three-sided farm can be reached via a picturesque alley with a half-timbered gatehouse. A second manor house is Brunsholmhof.

St. Mary's Church

Frauenhof, Manor House with row of lime trees

Frauenhof Alley

Frauenhof Thatchered Gate House

Brunsholmhof

Gelting Bay
54°47′N 9°51′E﻿ / ﻿54.78°N 9.85°E﻿ / 54.78; 9.85

Gelting Bay (German: Geltinger Bucht, Danish: Gelting Bugt), sometimes also the Bay of Gelting, is a bight of the Baltic Sea on the northeastern coast of the region of Anglia at the exit to the Flensburg Fjord near the town of Gelting. The bay extends from Habernis in the northwest via Wackerballig to the south to the nature reserve of Geltinger Birk in the east. The length of the shoreline along the bay is about 15 kilometres. There are currently no commercial shipping routes across the bay.

The coastal region belongs to the district of Geltinger Bucht with its head office in Steinbergkirche. The land around Gelting Bay is dominated by agriculture and tourism, the bay itself by sailing and some fishing.
Λ-ring
In algebra, a λ-ring or lambda ring is a commutative ring together with some operations λn on it that behave like the exterior powers of vector spaces. Many rings considered in K-theory carry a natural λ-ring structure. λ-rings also provide a powerful formalism for studying an action of the symmetric functions on the ring of polynomials, recovering and extending many classical results (Lascoux (2003)).

λ-rings were introduced by Grothendieck (1957, 1958, p.148). For more about λ-rings see Atiyah & Tall (1969), Knutson (1973), Hazewinkel (2009) and Yau (2010).

Symmetric function
In mathematics, a function of  variables is symmetric if its value is the same no matter the order of its arguments. For example, a function  of two arguments is a symmetric function if and only if  for all  and  such that  and  are in the domain of  The most commonly encountered symmetric functions are polynomial functions, which are given by the symmetric polynomials.

A related notion is alternating polynomials, which change sign under an interchange of variables. Aside from polynomial functions, tensors that act as functions of several vectors can be symmetric, and in fact the space of symmetric -tensors on a vector space  is isomorphic to the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree  on  Symmetric functions should not be confused with even and odd functions, which have a different sort of symmetry.
Acorn Dobson
Stanley Dobson (21 December 1905 – 2 November 2004) was a motorcycle speedway rider who rode in the early days of speedway in the United Kingdom. He was considered a pioneer because he appeared in dirt track racing during 1928, one year before the speedway leagues were even formed. He rode under the nickname Acorn Dobson, which was also his family nickname.

Belle Vue Aces
The Belle Vue Aces are a British speedway club, based in Manchester. The club hold the record of having won the top tier League championship 14 times. They currently compete in the SGB Premiership, racing at The National Speedway Stadium, with home matches usually taking place on Monday evenings. They also run a second team in the National Development League, known as the Belle Vue Colts.
Shinyanga Rural District
Shinyanga Rural District is one of the five districts of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by the Shinyanga Urban District, to the east by the Kishapu District, to the south by the Tabora Region, and to the west by the Kahama District.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Shinyanga Rural District was 468,611.

Kahama Urban District
Kahama Urban District is one of the five districts of the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. Its administrative centre is the town of Kahama. It is bordered to the north and south by Kahama Rural District, to the east by Nzega District and to the west by Bukombe District.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Kahama Urban District was 453,654.

In 2021 President Magufuli promoted Kahama from a town council to a municipal council.
Forest Lakes, Wellington
Forest Lakes is a rural locality in the Kāpiti Coast District of the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island.  It is located between Ōtaki and the northern boundary of Kāpiti Coast. Forest Lakes Road runs west from State Highway 1. The area contains Lake Waitawa, Ngatotara Lagoon, and several smaller lakes. Lake Kopureherehere is just north of the district border.

Forest Lakes Station flourished in the area from the 1870s to the 1920s. The Forest Lakes Homestead is now part of a camping and conference centre.

Kāpiti Coast District
The Kāpiti Coast District (officially the Kapiti Coast District) is a local government district of the Wellington Region in the lower North Island of New Zealand, 50 km (31 mi) north of Wellington City. The district is named after Kapiti Island, a prominent island 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) offshore.

The population of the district is concentrated in a chain of coastal settlements along State Highway One: Ōtaki, Te Horo, Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki. Paraparaumu is the most populous of these towns and the commercial and administrative centre. Much of the rural land is given over to horticulture; market gardens are common along the highway between the settlements. The area available for agriculture and settlement is narrow and coastal. Much of the eastern part of the district is within the Tararua Forest Park, which covers the rugged Tararua Range, with peaks rising to over 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
Muse Bihi Abdi
Musa Bihi Abdi (Somali: Muuse Biixi Cabdi, Arabic: موسى بيحي عبدي; born 16 June 1948) is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who served as the 5th President of Somaliland from 2017 to 2024.

During the 1970s, he served as a pilot in the Somali Air Force under the Siad Barre administration. In 2010, Bihi was appointed the chairman of the ruling Kulmiye party in Somaliland. In November 2015, Bihi was selected as the party's Presidential Candidate at the 5th annual central committee convention.

On 21 November 2017 Muse was announced the winner of the 2017 presidential election, and officially became the President of Somaliland on 13 December 2017. He lost his reelection bid to Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi in the 2024 presidential election.

Somali National Movement
The Somali National Movement (SNM; Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerrilla groups and mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.

In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after the Somaliland War of Independence.
Coefficients of potential
In electrostatics, the coefficients of potential determine the relationship between the charge and electrostatic potential (electrical potential), which is purely geometric:

where Qi is the surface charge on conductor i. The coefficients of potential are the coefficients pij. φi should be correctly read as the potential on the i-th conductor, and hence "" is the p due to charge 1 on conductor 2.

Note that:

pij = pji, by symmetry, and

pij is not dependent on the charge.

The physical content of the symmetry is as follows:

if a charge Q on conductor j brings conductor i to a potential φ, then the same charge placed on i would bring j to the same potential φ.

In general, the coefficients is used when describing system of conductors, such as in the capacitor.

Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges on macroscopic objects where quantum effects can be neglected. Under these circumstances, the electric field, electric potential, and the charge density are related without complications from magnetic effects.

Since classical antiquity, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word ḗlektron (ἤλεκτρον), meaning 'amber', was thus the root of the word electricity. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.

There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of plastic wrap to one's hand after it is removed from a package, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and photocopier and laser printer operation.
2007 Ballon d'Or
The 2007 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in the world as judged by an international panel of sports journalists, was awarded to Kaká. This was the first year in which players from clubs outside the UEFA federation were eligible for nomination; this change also led to an increase in the voting pool to include journalists from outside UEFA countries.

Kaká was the fourth Brazilian national to win the award after Ronaldo (1997, 2002), Rivaldo (1999), and Ronaldinho (2005). He was the sixth Milan player to win the trophy after Gianni Rivera (1969), Ruud Gullit (1987), Marco van Basten (1988, 1989, 1992), George Weah (1995), and Andriy Shevchenko (2004).

The ceremony is notable as Kaká was the last player to win the Ballon d'Or before the Messi–Ronaldo dominance of the award. In 2018, Croatian Luka Modrić ended the 10-year dominance following his win that year.

1999 Ballon d'Or
The 1999 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Rivaldo on 21 December 1999. On 22 November 2000, the shortlist of 50 male players compiled by a group of experts from France Football was announced.
John Ferguson Weir
John Ferguson Weir (August 28, 1841 – April 26, 1926) was an American painter, sculptor, writer, and educator. He was a son of painter Robert Walter Weir, long-time professor of drawing at the Military Academy at West Point. His younger brother, J. Alden Weir, also became a well-known artist who painted in the style of American Impressionism. His niece was artist and educator Irene Weir.

National Academy of Design
The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.
Broadstripe shiner
The broadstripe shiner (Pteronotropis euryzonus) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. This species is endemic to the Chattahoochee River drainage in the states of Georgia and Alabama in the United States. It is recorded in freshwater and lives in a benthopelagic environment. The climate that they are known to be found in is temperate. The distribution of this species is within North America and in the middle Chattahoochee River drainage. They occupy clay, sand and bedrock pools of headwaters, creeks, and small rivers.   It is common to find this species within the vegetation. The average length of the broadstripe shiner as an unsexed male is about 7 centimeters or about 2 inches.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.