hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Botnet
A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Botnets can be used to perform distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words "robot" and "network". The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.

Tor (network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their internet traffic via random paths through these relays. This technique is called onion routing.

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's internet activity by preventing any single point on the internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.
Samarinda Kota
Samarinda Kota (Indonesian pronunciation: [samaˈrinda ˈkota], lit. 'Samarinda town') is a district of Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 32,379 people, and currently has the total area of 11.12 km2.

It was separated from Samarinda Ilir and Samarinda Ulu (Bugis only) on 14 December 2010. Its district seat is located at the village of Sungai Pinang Luar. One of its villages, Bugis, serves as de facto seat of Samarinda city government, although there were proposals to relocate into peripheral locations, including Sungai Siring (North Samarinda) or Makroman (Sambutan) in early 2020s.

An older district, with the same name, was already bifurcated into Samarinda Ilir and Samarinda Ulu during the early days of city's formation in 1960s (date unknown).

Samarinda Ulu
Samarinda Ulu (Indonesian pronunciation: [samaˈrinda ˈulu], lit. 'upper Samarinda') is a district of the Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 133,331 people, and currently has a total area of 22.12 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Air Putih.

On 11 June 1996, the district of Sungai Kunjang was separated from Samarinda Ulu.
2026 Solheim Cup
The 2026 Solheim Cup will be the 20th edition of the Solheim Cup matches, to be held 7–13 September at Bernardus Golf in North Brabant, Netherlands. The Solheim Cup is a biennial team competition between the top women professional golfers from Europe and the United States. It returned to even-numbered years in 2024 after the Ryder Cup returned to an odd-year schedule after 2020. The 2026 edition is the first to be run by IMG, who were appointed by the LET as the delivery partner of the European Solheim Cup from 2026 until 2038.

Solheim Cup
The Solheim Cup is a biennial golf tournament for professional women golfers contested by teams representing Europe and the United States. It is named after the Norwegian-American golf club manufacturer Karsten Solheim, who was a driving force behind its creation.

The inaugural Cup was held in 1990, and the event was first staged in even numbered years until 2002, alternating years with the Ryder Cup (the equivalent men's event).  As part of the general reshuffling of team golf events after the one-year postponement of the 2001 Ryder Cup following the September 11 attacks, the Solheim Cup switched to odd numbered years beginning in 2003. Another reshuffle of team golf events took place in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Solheim Cup returned to even numbered years beginning in 2024.

The United States teams have won the cup eleven times, compared with eight for Europe. The current holders are the US, who regained the cup with a 15.5–12.5 win in 2024.
M. P. Gupta
Professor M. P. Gupta is an Indian academic. He is serving as the Chair Person of the Modi Foundation at the IIT Delhi. Gupta has provided mentorship for 30 Doctoral theses and collaborated on 22 sponsored and consultancy projects with a cumulative value exceeding 5 crores. Additionally, he has co-authored the book Government Online, as well as edited two other books titled Towards E-government and Promise of E-governance. His research contributions also include over 200 published research papers in both national and international journals and conference proceedings. Gupta has played a pivotal role in overseeing the creation of 14 edited volumes, representing a substantial body of literature on e-governance, through his involvement in the International Conference on E-governance (ICEG) since 2003.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Bastida de' Dossi
Bastida de' Dossi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Pavia.  It is situated in the Oltrepò Pavese plain and the municipal territory also include a part of Lomellina.

Bastida de' Dossi borders the following municipalities: Casei Gerola, Corana, Cornale, Mezzana Bigli, Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Silvano Pietra.

It was the site of a royal property at least from the reign of Lambert (896), who granted it to his mother, Ageltrude. It was bequeathed by Queen Adelaide to the monastery of the Saviour at Pavia in 999, but it was still probably regarded as owing service to the crown as late as the 12th century, when it is probably one of the "great appurtenances" of Corana mentioned in the Tafelgüterverzeichnis.

Casei Gerola
Casei Gerola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Pavia.

Casei Gerola borders the following municipalities: Castelnuovo Scrivia, Cornale e Bastida, Isola Sant'Antonio, Mezzana Bigli, Molino dei Torti, Pontecurone, Silvano Pietra, Voghera.

It was part of the Counties of Guastalla and, later, county of Montechiarugolo, both ruled by the Torelli family, until 1612. It remained to the Torelli until 1797.
Lord Littlebrook
Eric Henry Edward Tovey (3 January 1929 – 9 September 2016), known professionally as Lord Littlebrook, was an English midget wrestler. He enjoyed his greatest success during the 1970s, when he held the NWA World Midget's Championship. He was also part of the Wrestlemania III card in 1987 in front of nearly 78,000 fans at the Pontiac Silverdome in Detroit, then the largest professional wrestling attendance in North American history.

Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame (PWHF) and Museum was an American professional wrestling hall of fame and museum located in Wichita Falls, Texas; following the postponement of its 19th induction ceremony, planned for May 2020, and an announced temporary closure to expand the museum, its status was changed to "closed due to water leaks" in 2021, and never re-opened.

The museum was founded by Tony Vellano in 1999, and was previously in Amsterdam, New York and Schenectady, New York. Its purpose was to "preserve and promote the dignified history of professional wrestling and to enshrine and pay tribute to professional wrestlers who have advanced this national pastime in terms of athletics and entertainment." It was not affiliated with any professional wrestling promotion.
Costache Negri, Galați
Costache Negri is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Costache Negri, and is named after Costache Negri, an 1848 revolutionary, who had an estate in the village, which was previously named Mânjina.

The commune lies on the banks of the river Geru, at the southern edge of the Moldavian Plateau. It is located in the central part of the county, on county road DJ251, at a distance of 35 km (22 mi) from Tecuci and 45 km (28 mi) from the county seat, Galați.

At the 2021 census, Costache Negri had a population of 2,078; of those, 90% were Romanians.

Tecuci
Tecuci (Romanian pronunciation: [teˈkutʃʲ]) is a city in Galați County, Romania, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. It is situated among wooded hills, on the right bank of the Bârlad River, and at the junction of railways from Galați, Bârlad, and Mărășești.
2024 Challenger de Santiago
The 2024 Challenger de Santiago was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 18th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santiago, Chile between 11 and 17 March 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Hadith of Mut'ah and Imran ibn Husain
A famous recorded oral tradition among Muslims (Arabic: Hadith) is about comment made by Imran ibn Husain, one of the companions of Muhammad and a Narrator of hadith. The comment was regarding the prohibition of Mut'ah, a word with several meanings. It is used in both Nikah mut'ah and Mut'ah of Hajj.

Although the narration is prominently quoted and referred to, it is not given any formal name, in contrast to other hadith such as the Hadith of the pond of Khumm or the Hadith of Qur'an and Sunnah

An-Nisa
An-Nisa' (Arabic: ٱلنِّسَاء, An-Nisāʾ; meaning: The Women) is the fourth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 176 verses (āyāt). The title derives from the references to women throughout the chapter, including verse 34 and verses 4:127-130.

In the timing and contextual background of the surah in tradition, it is thought to have been revealed around the fourth year of the Hijrah, although some verses may have come from other times.  This would make it a Medinan surah, which came after the flight to Medina.
Salima Salih
Salima Salih (Arabic: سالمة صالح; born 1942) is an Iraqi short story writer, translator, and artist, from the city of Mosul. She is well known for her articles that advocate human rights, especially women's rights. She has published many of literary works, including a novel, The Year of Cancer, and a collection of short stories, The Transformations. She wrote for Alef Ba’ and Al-Shabab magazines, and was nominated as one of the members of Al-Multaqa prize committee for short Arabic stories.

Christa Wolf
Christa Wolf (German: [ˈkʁɪs.ta vɔlf] ⓘ; née Ihlenfeld; 18 March 1929 – 1 December 2011) was a German novelist and essayist. She is considered one of the most important writers to emerge from the former East Germany.
George Lwandamina
George Lwandamina (born 5 August 1963) is a former Zambian footballer and head coach of Kabwe Warriors. He had a brief playing career with Zambia and won several trophies as a defender with Mufulira Wanderers.

Football cup competitions in Zambia
According to records from the RSSSF, there were many association football cup competitions organized in Zambia since 1962, some of which are the Independence Cup, the Zambian Challenge Cup (both organized in 1961), the Champion of Champions Cup (organized in 1974) and Zambian Coca-Cola Cup, the latter which began in 2001. These competitions are either inactive or were played no more as of 2009.
Royal Marines Division
The Royal Marine Brigade and subsequent Royal Marine Division were  amphibious warfare formations created by the British Royal Marines at the start of the  Second World War.

The composition of both formations was almost constantly in flux, with neither ever achieving their full establishment. Though neither  saw action, they both played important roles in the development of amphibious warfare techniques and their constituent units went on to play important roles in the largest amphibious operation in history, Operation Neptune.

Landing craft mechanized
The landing craft mechanized (LCM) is a military landing craft designed for carrying personnel and vehicles from ship to shore without requiring a pier or other shore-based structure. Multiple different models with varying size, capacity, and power plants were produced starting in 1920. They came to prominence during the Second World War when they were used to land troops and tanks during Allied amphibious assaults.
2008 United States Olympic trials (track and field)
The 2008 United States Olympic trials for track and field were held at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon. Organised by USA Track and Field, the ten-day competition lasted from June 27 until July 8 and served as the  national championships in track and field for the United States.

The results of the event determined qualification for the American Olympic team at the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing. Provided they had achieved the Olympic "A" standard, the top three athletes gained a place on the Olympic team. In the event that a leading athlete did not hold an "A" standard, or an athlete withdrew, the next highest finishing athlete with an "A" standard was selected instead.

The trials for the men's marathon were held November 3, 2007, in New York City, the women's marathon were held April 20 in Boston, and the trials for the men's 50 km race walk were held February 9 in Miami, Florida.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Rouen Airport
49°23′27″N 001°11′02″E﻿ / ﻿49.39083°N 1.18389°E﻿ / 49.39083; 1.18389

Rouen Airport or Aéroport de Rouen - Vallée de Seine (IATA: URO, ICAO: LFOP) is an airport located in Boos and 10 km southeast of Rouen, both communes of the Seine-Maritime département in the Normandy région of France.

Air France Hop
Air France Hop, formerly branded HOP!, is a French regional airline operating flights on behalf of its parent company Air France. The airline was founded on 21 December 2012 after the merger of Airlinair, Brit Air and Régional brands. Its head office is at Nantes Atlantique Airport.
Casein kinase 2
Casein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. De-regulation of CK2 has been linked to tumorigenesis as a potential protection mechanism for mutated cells. Proper CK2 function is necessary for survival of cells as no knockout models have been successfully generated.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Jordan Turnbull
Jordan Robert Turnbull (born 30 October 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central defender for EFL League Two club Tranmere Rovers.

Turnbull began his career with the academy of Southampton, signing his first professional contract in 2013 and spending two seasons on loan at Swindon Town. He signed for Coventry City in 2016, and won the EFL Trophy in 2017 before suffering relegation. After spending six months on loan in Scotland with Partick Thistle, Turnbull returned to England and signed for Northampton Town. Having achieved promotion in 2020, he left the club to sign for Salford. In July 2022, Turnbull signed for Tranmere Rovers.

Internationally, Turnbull represented his country for the U19 and U20 teams.

2016–17 EFL Trophy
The 2016–17 EFL Trophy, known as the Checkatrade Trophy for sponsorship reasons, was the 36th season in the history of the competition and the first since being rebranded from Football League Trophy. It was played as a knock-out tournament for English football clubs in League One and League Two of the English football system and for the first time was expanded to include 16 Premier League and Championship "B Teams" with Category One status as part of a trial.

In all, 64 clubs entered the competition. Barnsley were the reigning champions, but were ineligible to defend their title following promotion to the Championship.
Sims Metal Management
Sims Metal is a global environmental services conglomerate, operating through a number of divisions, with a focus on: (a) Ferrous and Non-ferrous metal recycling, (b) enterprise data destruction and cloud asset management (c) post-consumer electronic goods recycling and reuse, (d) municipal waste recycling, (e) gas to energy, and (f) waste to energy. Founded in 1917, its primary operations are located in the United States, Australia and the UK.

Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel. It may be an integrated steel works carrying out all steps of steelmaking from smelting iron ore to rolled product, but may also be a plant where steel semi-finished casting products are made from molten pig iron or from scrap.
Goldsmith's Inlet mill
Goldsmith's Inlet is a tidal inlet located in the Town of Southold on the North Fork of Long Island, New York in the United States. The Peconic or Goldsmith Inlet Grist Mill had its beginnings in 1836, when plans were first made for its construction.

North Fork (Long Island)
The North Fork is a 30-mile- (48 km) long peninsula in the northeast part of Suffolk County, New York, U.S., roughly parallel with a longer peninsula known as the South Fork, both on the East End of Long Island. Although the peninsula begins east of Riverhead hamlet, the term North Fork can also refer collectively to the towns of Riverhead and Southold in their entirety.

Beginning about 75 miles (120 kilometers) east of Manhattan, the North Fork is the easterly part of the North Shore of Long Island. Along with The Hamptons, the area is also part of Long Island's "East End".
Polyeleos
The Polyeleos is a festive portion of the Matins or All-Night Vigil service as observed on higher-ranking feast days in the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Lutheran, and Byzantine Rite Catholic Churches. The Polyeleos is considered to be the high point of the service, and contains the reading of the Matins Gospel. Because of its liturgical importance, settings for the Polyeleos have been composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff and others.

The name derives from Greek Πολυέλεος (pl. Πολυέλεοι), meaning "of much mercy", because of the repetition in one of the Polyeleoi of the phrase "ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ" (hoti eis ton aiōna to eleos autou), meaning "because forever [lasts] His mercy"),

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Gibson Desert
The Gibson Desert is a large desert in Western Australia, mainly in an almost pristine state. It is about 155,000 square kilometres (60,000 sq mi) in size, making it the fifth largest desert in Australia, after the Great Victoria, Great Sandy, Tanami and Simpson deserts. The Gibson Desert is both an interim Australian bioregion and desert ecoregion.

Tanami Desert
The Tanami Desert (Warlpiri: Jarnami) is a desert in northern Australia, situated in the Northern Territory and Western Australia.

It has a rocky terrain and small hills. The Tanami was the Northern Territory's final frontier and was not fully explored by Australians of European descent until well into the twentieth century. It is traversed by the Tanami Track.

The name Tanami is thought to be an anglicisation of the Warlpiri name for the area, "Jarnami", meaning "never die". This referred to certain rock holes in the desert which were said never to run dry.

Under the name Tanami, the desert is classified as an interim Australian bioregion, comprising 25,997,277 hectares (64,240,670 acres).
War Academy (Kingdom of Bavaria)
The Bavarian War College, also Bavarian Staff College (Ge: Bayerische Kriegsakademie) was the highest military facility to educate, instruct, train, and develop general staff officers.

It was active from 1867 to the beginning of World War I in 1914. For a better comparison, equivalent institutions of other countries were those like the older and ten times larger Prussian War College of the Prussian Army in Berlin or the k.u.k Kriegsschule (also a War College) of the Austrian Army in Vienna.

The War College was subordinated to the Inspektion der Militärbildungs-Anstalten, a department of the Ministry of War, which was responsible for all training and institutions of the Bavarian Army.

Kriegsschule (Austria)
The k.u.k. War College, also k.u.k. Staff College (Ge: k.u.k. Kriegsschule) was the highest military facility to educate, instruct, train, and develop general staff officers of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

It was located in Vienna, and active from 1852 to 1918.

Established in 1852, the k.u.k. War College was an outgrowth of the previous centers of Austrian military scholarship: the Kriegsarchiv and the Österreichische militärische Zeitschrift (Austrian Military Journal). Having been earlier suggested by the likes of officers including Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, it was organized early in the reign of Emperor Franz Josef. Among its students and faculty were such influential members of the Austro-Hungarian military as Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, who attended the school and later taught tactics there from 1888 to 1892.