hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd
Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd, commonly known as the Engineers case, was a landmark decision by the High Court of Australia on 31 August 1920. The immediate issue concerned the Commonwealth's power under s 51(xxxv) of the Constitution but the court did not confine itself to that question, using the opportunity to roam broadly over constitutional interpretation.

Widely regarded as one of the most important cases ever decided by the High Court of Australia, it swept away the earlier doctrines of implied intergovernmental immunities and reserved state powers, thus paving the way for fundamental changes in the nature of federalism in Australia.

Hayden Starke
Sir Hayden Erskine Starke (22 February 1871 – 14 May 1958) was an Australian judge who served on the High Court of Australia from 1920 to 1950. He was a prominent Melbourne barrister before his appointment to the court.
Battle at Khore
The Battle at Khore (Urdu: : کھوڑ کی جنگ, Sindhi: :کوڙ جي جنگ) was fought between the Kalhora tribe and the Mughal Empire in approximately 1699 in the village of Khore. Today, that village is known as Torre, and it lies on the Nai Gaj, an ephemeral river, near Johi Taluka in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan.

Prince Muhammad Mu'azzam, the then-governor of Multan and Lahore, came from Lahore and attacked Sindh. Mian Deen Muhammad Kalhoro, who had succeeded his father, Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro in 1692, wanted to compromise and surrender, but his younger brother, Yar Muhammad Kalhoro, refused, leading to a battle. The Mughal army was commanded by Gaj Singh Bhatti, Raja Surajmal Udhepuri, and Raja Udhey Singh (who died over the course of the battle). However, the Mughal army defeated the Kalhora force.

Johi, Dadu
Johi (Sindhi: جوهي) is a town in Dadu District, Hyderabad Division, Sindh province of  Pakistan. It is located along Sindh's border with the Balochistan province. Johi town is also Taluka of Dadu District. A civil hospital is also in Johi.
West Peak (Madison County, Montana)
West Peak, el. 9,659 feet (2,944 m), is a mountain peak in the Highland Mountains in Madison County, Montana.  It rises due west from Table Mountain in the same range. The peak is located in the Deerlodge National Forest.  The headwaters of Hell's Canyon Creek, a significant tributary of the Jefferson River  flow off the southeast face of the peak.

Table Mountain (Madison County, Montana)
Table Mountain, el. 10,213 feet (3,113 m) is the highest peak in the Highland Mountains in Madison County, Montana. It is located in Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest.  Headwaters of Moose Creek, Fish Creek and Hell's Canyon Creek, all significant tributaries of the Jefferson River flow off the face of the mountain.
Japoonvale
Japoonvale is a rural locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Japoonvale had a population of 107 people.

The town of Japoon is in the north-east of the locality (17°43′04″S 145°56′22″E﻿ / ﻿17.7177°S 145.9394°E﻿ / -17.7177; 145.9394﻿ (Japoon, Queensland)).

Cassowary Coast Region
The Cassowary Coast Region is a local government area in the Far North Queensland region of Queensland, Australia, south of Cairns and centred on the towns of Innisfail, Cardwell and Tully. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Cardwell and the Shire of Johnstone.

The Regional Council, which administers the region, has an estimated operating budget of A$64 million.

In the 2021 census, the Cassowary Coast Region had a population of 29,157 people.
St Keverne
St Keverne (Cornish: Pluw Aghevran (parish), Lannaghevran (village)) is a civil parish and village on The Lizard in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

In addition to the parish, an electoral ward exists called St Keverne and Meneage. This stretches to the western Lizard coast at Gunwalloe. The population of the ward at the 2011 election was 5,220.

The Cornish rebellion of 1497 started in St Keverne. The leader of the rebellion Michael An Gof ("the smith" in Cornish) was a blacksmith from St Keverne and is commemorated by a statue in the village. Before his execution, An Gof said that he should have "a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal". In 1997 a 500th anniversary march, "Keskerdh Kernow 500", celebrating the rebellion, retraced the route of the original march from St Keverne, via Guildford to London.

Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling (Cornish: Omdowl Kernewek) is a form of wrestling that has been established in Cornwall for many centuries and possibly longer. It is similar to the Breton Gouren wrestling style. It is colloquially known as "wrasslin’" in the Cornish dialect of English; historically, this usage is attested by Chaucer, Shakespeare and Drayton.

The referee is known as a 'stickler', and it is claimed that the popular meaning of the word as a 'pedant' originates from this usage.

Cornish wrestling is a national sport of Cornwall, which spread throughout the British Isles and then, along with the Cornish diaspora, to such places as the United States, Australia, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa.

It has similarities to Devon wrestling but it was reputed to focus less on foot moves and more on throwing.
Silvretta-Hochalpenstraße
Silvretta-Hochalpenstraße is a private toll road leading to the Bielerhöhe Pass between Vorarlberg and Tirol. The road is owned and operated by Vorarlberger Illwerke.

The length is 22.3 kilometres (13.9 mi). The road was opened to the public in 1954.

Toll booths (entry/exit):

Partenen at 1,051 metres (3,448 ft) above sea level

Galtür at 1,725 metres (5,659 ft) above sea level

Gemeinde Gaschurn-Partenen
Gaschurn-Partenen is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The two largest villages are Gaschurn Dorf (population 1083 as of 1.1.2020) and Partenen (population 376 as of 1.1.2020).
Moresby Parks railway station
Moresby Parks railway station was opened by the Cleator and Workington Junction Railway (C&WJR) in 1879. It was situated just north of the summit of the company's main line and served the scattered community of Moresby Parks in Cumbria, England.

Maryport and Carlisle Railway
The Maryport and Carlisle Railway (M&CR) was an English railway company formed in 1836 which built and operated a small but eventually highly profitable railway to connect Maryport and Carlisle in Cumberland, England. There were many small collieries in the area and efficient access to the harbour at Maryport was important.

The western end, connecting the majority of the collieries to Maryport opened in 1840 and the line was completed throughout to Carlisle in 1845. The considerable resources of coal, and later iron ore, carried by the railway made it especially profitable, and this was redoubled at the height of the iron and steel processing industries around Workington. Branch lines were opened to connect further collieries.

After 1918 the industries on which the line was dependent declined steeply, and the railway declined accordingly; the branch lines closed, but the original main line remains open and forms part of the Cumbrian Coast Line between Carlisle and Barrow in Furness.
Bop TV
Bop TV was a television station owned by the Bophuthatswana Broadcasting Corporation, which operated from 1983 to 2003. Initially confined to the black homeland of Bophuthatswana (which included townships near Johannesburg and Pretoria), the channel found its foothold by means of signal overspill, becoming an attractive alternative to the existing SABC and later M-Net channels. Following the end of apartheid and the dissolution of Bophuthatswana, it was integrated into the South African Broadcasting Corporation, after which it shut down.

Simon Townsend's Wonder World
Simon Townsend's Wonder World! is an Australian children's television show that aired on Network Ten from 1979 until 1987. It was created and hosted by journalist Simon Townsend. In 1993, the show was relaunched on the Nine Network as Wonder World!, hosted by Pascall Fox.
Quercus shumardii
Quercus shumardii, the Shumard oak, spotted oak, Schneck oak, Shumard red oak, or swamp red oak, is one of the largest of the oak species in the red oak group (Quercus section Lobatae). It is closely related to Quercus buckleyi (Texas red oak), Quercus texana (Nuttall's red oak), and Quercus gravesii (Chisos red oak).

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Yesanpo National Park
Yesanpo National Park (Chinese: 野三坡; pinyin: Yěsānpō; lit. 'Wild Three Slope') (also, Yesanpo Scenic Site, or Yesanpo Geopark, and component areas) is a national park in Laishui County, Hebei Province, China about 2 hours west of Beijing.  Yesanpo consists of six main scenic sites, including the Bai Li Xia Gorge ("hundred li gorge", which is about 31 miles), portions of the Juma River, Baicaopan Forest, and Jinhua Mountain.  The park is located where the Taihang Mountains meet the Yan Mountains.

Although designated as a national park, Yesanpo is not listed as an IUCN Level II "protected area" in the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA).   However, "Yesanpo Scenic Area" is listed by the governmental China National Tourism Administration, and components are listed in the WDPA.   For example, Binlixia Nature Reserve is listed as an IUCN Level V Protected Area.

Laishui County
Laishui County (simplified Chinese: 涞水县; traditional Chinese: 淶水縣; pinyin: Láishuǐ Xiàn) is a county in central Hebei province, China, bordering the Municipality of Beijing to the north and in the basin of the Juma River. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Baoding and contains its northernmost point; it has a population of 315,753 in 2020 residing in an area of 1,666 km2 (643 sq mi). It is served by China National Highway 112 and G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway.
Arthurstown
Arthurstown (Irish: Colmán) is a small village in the townland of Coleman in southwest County Wexford, Ireland. It is located at the junction of the R733 and R770 regional roads on the eastern shore of the Waterford Harbour estuary, where The Three Sisters flow into the sea. As of the 2016 census, the town had a population of 127.

Located between Ballyhack and Duncannon, Arthurstown is home to a pub and service station.

Duncannon
Duncannon (Irish: Dún Canann) is a village in southwest County Wexford, Ireland. Bordered to the west by Waterford harbour and sitting on a rocky headland jutting into the channel is the strategically prominent Duncannon Fort which dominates the village.

Primarily a fishing village, Duncannon also relies on tourism and is situated on the marked "Ring of Hook" drive. Duncannon beach, a mile-long beach, was once a blue flag recipient.

Duncannon Fort, which was built in 1588, was used as a location for the opening scenes of the 2002 remake of 'The Count of Monte Cristo', starring Jim Caviezel and Richard Harris. After being closed for some time, Duncannon Fort reopened to the public in 2016 when guided tours recommenced.
Higginsville Gold Mine
The Higginsville Gold Mine is a gold mine located near Higginsville, 45 km north of Norseman, Western Australia.

The mine has been owned and operated by Westgold since 2024 (Westgold merged with Karora Resources who had owned the mine from 2019 - 2024) and is one of five mines operated by the company in Western Australia.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
The 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification competition was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations. Each confederation — the AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North, Central America and Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe) — was allocated a certain number of the 32 places at the tournament. 199 teams entered the tournament qualification rounds, competing for 32 spots in the final tournament. South Korea and Japan, as the co-hosts, and France, as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 29 spots open for competition.

FIFA World Cup qualifiers
The FIFA World Cup qualification is a set of competitive matches that a national association football team plays in order to qualify for one of the available berths at the final tournament of the men's FIFA World Cup.

Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones, each organized by their respective confederations: AFC (Asia), CAF (Africa), CONCACAF (North and Central America and the Caribbean), CONMEBOL (South America), OFC (Oceania), and UEFA (Europe). For each World Cup, FIFA decides the number of places in the finals allocated to each of the zones, based on the numbers and relative strengths of the confederations' teams.

As a courtesy, the host receives an automatic berth selection, as has happened with the immediate past tournament winner during much of the competition's history. All other finalists are determined on a standalone qualifying round achievement without regard to previous achievements.
Ivory Coast men's national basketball team
The Ivory Coast men's national basketball team is the men's basketball side that represents Ivory Coast in international competition. The team competes regularly in the African Championship and is administered by the Fédération Ivoirienne de Basket-Ball.

With two AfroBasket titles and six overall finals appearances, the country is traditionally home to one of the continent's finest basketball national teams. The Elephants have played at the FIBA Basketball World Cup five times and also played in the 2023 edition.

Egypt men's national basketball team
The Egypt national basketball team represents Egypt in international basketball competitions. The team is directed by the Egyptian Basketball Federation.

Winning the title of the  EuroBasket 1949 has been the team's most celebrated achievement. They are the only non-European nation to win the competition. In addition its 5th-place finish at the 1950 FIBA World Championship as well as its 9th-place finish at the 1952 Summer Olympics, remain the best results ever of an African nation at each tournament. The title of the EuroBasket 1949, is the most prestigious basketball title of an African nation as well. At the FIBA Africa Championship, Egypt holds a record number of 17 medals (alongside Angola). Egypt joined the International Federation of Basketball (FIBA) in 1934 and has Africa's longest basketball tradition.
United Opposition (India)
The United Opposition was an electoral alliance formed between various opposition parties in India ahead of the 2022 elections in India. The United Opposition was first proposed by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Short Interframe Space
Short Interframe Space (SIFS), is the amount of time in microseconds required for a wireless interface to process a received frame and to respond with a response frame. It is the difference in time between the first symbol of the response frame in the air and the last symbol of the received frame in the air. A SIFS time consists of the delay in receiver RF, PLCP delay and the MAC processing delay, which depends on the physical layer used. In IEEE 802.11 networks, SIFS is the interframe spacing prior to transmission of an acknowledgment, a Clear To Send (CTS)  frame, a block ack frame that is an immediate response to either a block ack request frame or an A-MPDU, the second or subsequent MPDU of a fragment burst, a station responding to any polling a by point coordination function and during contention free periods of point coordination function.

Block acknowledgement
Block acknowledgement (BA) was initially defined in IEEE 802.11e as an optional scheme to improve the MAC efficiency. 802.11n amendment ratified in 2009 enhances this BA mechanism then made it as mandatory to support by all 802.11n-capable devices (formally known as HT - High Throughput devices).

Instead of transmitting an individual ACK for every MPDU (i.e., frame), multiple MPDUs can be acknowledged together using a single BA frame. Block Ack (BA) contains bitmap size of 64*16 bits. These 16 bits accounts the fragment number of the MPDUs to be acknowledged. Each bit of this bitmap represent the status (success/failure) of a MPDU.

Block acknowledgement consist of a setup and tear-down of the session phases. In the setup phase, capability information such as buffer size and BA policy are negotiated with the receiver. Once the setup phase completed, the transmitter can send frames without waiting for ACK frame. Finally the BA session is torn down with a so-called DELBA frame.
Battle of Sufiyan
The Battle of Sufiyan (Persian: نبرد صوفيان) took place on 6 November 1605, during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids, under King (Shah) Abbas I (r. 1588–1629), beat a numerically superior, fully-fledged Ottoman army. It was one of King Abbas I's greatest military victories. According to Colin Imber: "For the Ottomans the battle of Sufiyan was a greater disaster than anything they had experienced in Hungary, where the war which had begun in 1593 had revealed Ottoman military deficiencies in the face of new European weapons and tactics."

Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612)
The Ottoman–Safavid war of 1603–1612 consisted of two wars between Safavid Iran under Shah Abbas I and the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed III and his son Ahmed I. The first war began in 1603 and ended with a Safavid victory in 1612, when they regained and reestablished their suzerainty over the Caucasus and Western Iran, which had been lost at the Treaty of Constantinople in 1590.
National American Indian Council
The National American Indian Council was formed in March 1972 by about 300 delegates from 58 cities meeting in Omaha, Nebraska. It was spurred by urban, nonreservation Indians, and they resisted attempts by members of the more rural American Indian Movement to dominate the convention. Later in 1972, the Council offered for sale assorted greeting cards featuring reproductions of American Indian artifacts and art objects, with the proceeds benefiting Council projects. In 1975, the Council announced it had purchased the Willard Hotel building for its headquarters.

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), an American Indian and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization, invited the Council to join its coalition.

National Congress of American Indians
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is an American Indian and Alaska Native rights organization. It was founded in 1944 to represent the tribes and resist U.S. federal government pressure for termination of tribal rights and assimilation of their people. These were in contradiction of their treaty rights and status as sovereign entities. The organization continues to be an association of federally recognized and state-recognized Indian tribes.
Mid Kent (historic UK Parliament constituency)
Mid Kent was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Kent, which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It was created for the 1868 general election, and abolished for the 1885 general election, when the three two-member constituencies (East Kent, Mid Kent and West Kent) were replaced by several new single-member constituencies: Ashford, Dartford, Faversham, Isle of Thanet, Medway, St Augustines, Sevenoaks and Tunbridge.

A later single-member constituency called Mid Kent existed from 1983 to 1997.

Tunbridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Tunbridge was a parliamentary constituency in Kent, centred on the town of Tonbridge.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election, when it was replaced by the new Tonbridge constituency.
Urstromtal
An urstromtal (plural: Urstromtäler) is a type of broad glacial valley, for example, in northern Central Europe, that appeared during the ice ages, or individual glacial periods of an ice age, at the edge of the Scandinavian ice sheet and was formed by meltwaters that flowed more or less parallel to the ice margin. Urstromtäler are an element of the glacial series. The term is German and means "ancient stream valley". Although often translated as "glacial valley", it should not be confused with a valley carved out by a glacier. More accurately some sources call them "meltwater valleys" or "ice-marginal valleys".

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
Nagina Mosque
The Nagina Mosque (meaning 'Jewel Mosque', see Negin)  is a former mosque, now a heritage site, in Champaner, Gujarat, India. It was built during the time of Mahmud Begada, in the 15th century. It has minarets, globe-like domes, and narrow stairs. The mosque is a Monument of National Importance, and, together with other structures, is part of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is among the 114 monuments there which are listed by the Baroda Heritage Trust.

Champaner
Champaner is a historical town in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat. At an early period Champaner was the seat of a Bhil dynasty. Champaner was founded by King Champa Bhil.