hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass comparison
Mass comparison is a method developed by Joseph Greenberg to determine the level of genetic relatedness between languages. It is now usually called multilateral comparison. Mass comparison is rejected by most linguists, and its continued use is primarily restricted to fringe linguistics.

Some of the top-level relationships Greenberg named are now generally accepted thanks to analysis with other, more widely accepted linguistic techniques, though they had already been posited by others (e.g. Afro-Asiatic and Niger–Congo). Others are accepted by many though disputed by some prominent specialists (e.g. Nilo-Saharan), while others are almost universally rejected (e.g. Eurasiatic, Khoisan and Amerind).

Alexander Vovin
Alexander Vladimirovich Vovin (Russian: Александр Владимирович Вовин; 27 January 1961 – 8 April 2022) was a Soviet-born Russian-American linguist and philologist, and director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris, France. He was known for his research on East Asian languages.
Suavanao Airport
Suavanao Airport is an airport on Santa Isabel Island in the Solomon Islands (IATA: VAO, ICAO: AGGV).

It has a short, unpaved airstrip that can only be used by small aircraft. Near the airstrip, there is a small wooden cabin with no electricity or means of communication with the mainland.

Used mainly by residents of Santa Isabel Island, the airport is served by Solomon Airlines, with one flight a week most of the year. The main destination from Suavanao Airport is Honiara. It also provides a fast connection to a resort on Papatura Island.

Honiara International Airport
Honiara International Airport (IATA: HIR, ICAO: AGGH), formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport in the province of Guadalcanal in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the primary international airport in the country, the second being Munda Airport in Western Province, which serves as its alternate. It is located 8 kilometres (5 miles) from the capital, Honiara.
Jared Emerson-Johnson
Jared Nathaniel Emerson-Johnson (born October 13, 1981) is an American video game music composer, sound designer, voice director and voice actor. Emerson-Johnson is the Music Supervisor and lead composer at Bay Area Sound, an audio production company specializing in sound design, music and voiceover for video games. His work has been predominantly featured in games developed by Telltale.

Sam & Max Beyond Time and Space
Sam & Max Beyond Time and Space, originally released as Sam & Max: Season Two, is an episodic graphic adventure video game by Telltale Games based on the Sam & Max comic book series created by Steve Purcell. It is a sequel to Telltale's previous Sam & Max game, Sam & Max Save the World, and was originally released as five episodes for Microsoft Windows over the course of late 2007 and early 2008, before being ported to other platforms in the following years. A remaster of the game by Skunkape Games was released in December 2021 for Windows, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One, and in September 2022 for PlayStation 4.
Huayuan Road Subdistrict, Beijing
Huayuan Road Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 花园路街道; traditional Chinese: 花園路街道; pinyin: Huāyuánlù Jiēdào)  is a subdistrict of eastern Haidian District, Beijing. It borders Xueyuan Road Subdistrict to its north, Yayuncun and Anzhen Subdistricts to its east, Desheng and Beitaipingzhuang Subdistricts to its south, and Zhongguancun Subdistrict to its west. As of 2020, it had 139,362 residents under its administration. It was created in March 2000, when parts of Beitaipingzhuang and Xueyuan were separated from their respective subdistricts and merged.

Xueyuan Road Subdistrict, Beijing
Xueyuan Road Subdistrict (Chinese: 学院路街道; pinyin: Xuéyuànlù Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the east side of Haidian District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Qinghe Subdistrict to its north, Aoyuncun and Yayuncun Subdistricts to its east, Huayuan Road Subdistrict to its south, Zhongguancun Subdistrict and Dongsheng Town to its west. It had 226,315 residents as of 2020.

The subdistrict‘s name Xueyuanlu (Chinese: 学院路; lit. 'Academy Road') came from a road that runs through the subdistrict, which in turn was named so for the concentration of universities around the area, including University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Agricultural University and Beijing Language and Culture University, among others.
Ducati Panigale
The Ducati Panigale is a family of sport motorcycles manufactured by Ducati since 2011. The Panigale is named after the small manufacturing town of Borgo Panigale. All motorcycles of this series use monocoque frame (the engine is a stressed member, replacing Ducati's conventional trellis frame).

899 Panigale, 2013–2015

959 Panigale, 2016–2020

1199 Panigale, 2012–2014

1299 Panigale, 2015–2018

Panigale V4, 2018–present

Panigale V2, 2020–present

Sport bike
A sport bike, sports motorcycle, or sports bike is a motorcycle designed and optimized for speed, acceleration, braking, and cornering on asphalt concrete race tracks and roads. They are mainly designed for performance at the expense of comfort, fuel economy, safety, noise reduction and storage in comparison with other motorcycles.

Sport bikes can be and are typically equipped with fairings and a windscreen to deflect wind from the rider to improve aerodynamics.
Robert Blagden Hale
Robert Blagden Hale (29 September 1807 – 22 July 1883) was a British Conservative politician.

Hale was the son of his namesake, Robert Hale Blagden Hale and Lady Theodosia Eleanor Bourke, daughter of Joseph Bourke, 3rd Earl of Mayo. He married Anne Jane, daughter of George Peter Holford, in 1832 and, before her death in 1879, they had five children: Anne Hale (1832–1895); Robert Hale (1834–1907); Matthew Holford Hale (born 1835); Theodosia Hale; and, Georgina Hale.

Hale was first elected Conservative MP for West Gloucestershire at a by-election in 1836—caused by the succession of Lord Worcester to the peerage as Duke of Beaufort—and held the seat until the 1857 general election when he did not seek re-election.

Outside of his political career, Hale was a Justice of the Peace and, in 1870, the High Sheriff of Gloucestershire.

High Sheriff of Gloucestershire
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire, who should not be confused with the Sheriffs of the City of Gloucester.

The High Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (in England and Wales the office previously known as sheriff was retitled High Sheriff on 1 April 1974). Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that the High Sheriff's functions are now largely ceremonial.  The High Sheriff changes every March.

As of 2006, the Sheriff's territory or bailiwick is covered by the administrative areas of Gloucestershire County Council and of South Gloucestershire District Council. Sir Robert Atkyns, the historian of Gloucester, writing in 1712 stated that no family had produced more Sheriffs of this county than Denys.
Darskowo, Sławno County
Darskowo [darsˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malechowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Malechowo, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sławno, and 160 km (99 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 80.

Malechowo, Sławno County
Malechowo [malɛˈxɔvɔ] (German: Malchow) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Malechowo. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Sławno and 161 km (100 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 589.
Albert (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Albert (known as Albert-Aliwal from 1920 to 1924 and Albert-Colesberg from 1938 to 1948) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1948. Named after the district of Albert, the seat initially covered a rural area along the Cape’s northeastern frontier, centred on the town of Burgersdorp. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
13th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 13th Maine Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment spent 1862–1864 in the Department of the Gulf and finished the war with the Army of the Shenandoah. During its service, it survived a hurricane off the Carolinas en route the Gulf of Mexico, manned the forts guarding the Mississippi Delta, invaded Texas at the Rio Grande and along the coast, fought in Banks' ill-fated Red River Campaign in Louisiana, manned Washington, D.C., defenses, and provided rear-area security for the Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1864 south of Harpers Ferry.

Battle of Brownsville
The Battle of Brownsville took place on November 2–6, 1863 during the American Civil War.  It was a successful effort on behalf of the Union Army to disrupt Confederate blockade runners along the Gulf Coast in Texas.  The Union assault precipitated the capture of Matamoros by a force of Mexican patriots, led by exiled officers living in Brownsville.
Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve
The Ashuapmushuan Wildlife Reserve is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, in the watershed of the Ashuapmushuan River. It is mainly located in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, between the municipality of La Doré and the city of Chibougamau, and covers an area of 4,488 square kilometres (1,733 sq mi).

This area was first visited by "Montagnais" Innu people who practiced the fur trade. With the arrival of Europeans in the area, several trading posts, called Postes du Roi, were established on the shores of lakes Ashuapmushuan and Nicabau. The word Ashuapmushuan is a term in Montagnais Innu language, meaning "where we see the moose".

Quebec Route 167
Route 167 is an isolated provincial highway in Quebec, Canada. It begins at the shore of Lac Saint-Jean in Saint-Félicien. It proceeds north-west to Chibougamau 232 km (144.2 mi) away. The only services along this long stretch are at La Doré and Chibougamau. At Chibougamau, the highway turns north-east towards Mistissini.

Maps are conflicting about the northernmost extent of this highway. The latest provincial road map shows the highway ending 16 km (9.9 mi) south of Mistissini, while the pavement does continue to the town itself. According to Ministère des transports publication "Distances routières", the route continues up as far as Lac-Albanel, east of Lac Mistassini.
George Reynolds (Mormon)
George Reynolds (January 1, 1842 – August 9, 1909) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), a longtime secretary to the church's First Presidency, and a party to the 1878 United States Supreme Court case Reynolds v. United States, the first freedom of religion case to issue from that court.

Seventy (LDS Church)
Seventy is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Traditionally, a church member holding this priesthood office is a "traveling minister" and an "especial witness" of Jesus Christ, charged with the mission of preaching the gospel to the entire world under the direction of the Twelve Apostles. The church teaches that the office of seventy was anciently conferred upon the seventy disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke  10:1-2. Multiple individuals holding the office of seventy are referred to collectively as seventies.
Dan Kneen
Daniel Richard Kneen (26 June 1987 – 30 May 2018) was a professional motorcycle racer from Douglas, Isle of Man.

Kneen was a race winner at the Manx Grand Prix (three times) and the Ulster Grand Prix, and finished on the podium at the 2017 Isle of Man TT, in the Superstock race. Kneen died of multiple injuries after an accident during qualifying for the 2018 Isle of Man TT, the 147th competitor to be killed at the Mountain Course during a TT meeting.

Dean Harrison
Dean Conrad Harrison (born 24 January 1989) is an English professional motorcycle racer. He has won five Isle of Man TT races, and has 35 podium finishes as of early June 2025.

Harrison also competes in the Southern 100, Oliver's Mount, North West 200 road-circuit races, and British Superbike Championship.

As part of his road racing pedigree, he also topped the Duke Road Racing Rankings in 2016 and 2017 and therefore won the Championships and was awarded the Geoff Duke Trophy in those seasons.
Street Fighter II V
Street Fighter II V (Japanese: ストリートファイターII V, Hepburn: Sutorīto Faitā Tsū Bui) is an anime series produced by Group TAC, loosely based on the 1994 fighting game Super Street Fighter II Turbo. The series is directed by Gisaburo Sugii, who also directed Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie, and aired in Japan from 10 April to 27 November 1995 on YTV.

Street Fighter Alpha
Street Fighter Alpha: Warriors' Dreams, known as Street Fighter Zero in Japan, Asia, South America, and Oceania, is a 1995 fighting game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. It was the first all-new Street Fighter game produced by Capcom since 1991's Street Fighter II. Plotwise, it serves as a prequel to Street Fighter II and thus features younger versions of established characters, as well as characters from the original Street Fighter and Final Fight.

The game introduces several new features, expanding on the Super Combo system previously featured in Super Street Fighter II Turbo, with graphics drawn in a similar art style to the one Capcom employed in Darkstalkers and X-Men: Children of the Atom. After its arcade release, it was ported to PlayStation and Sega Saturn home consoles. Street Fighter Alpha received a mainly positive reception; it was followed up by Street Fighter Alpha 2 in 1996 as part of the Alpha sub-series.
Greg Williams (Australian footballer)
Gregory Donald Williams (born 30 September 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Geelong, the Sydney Swans and Carlton in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the 1980s and 1990s. A midfielder, he is a dual Brownlow Medal winner and at his peak was the then-highest-paid player in the history of the sport, including an under-the-table $200,000 bonus payment. He was also linked to further controversy during the 1990s.

John Nicholls Medal
The John Nicholls Medal (formerly the Robert Reynolds Trophy from 1934 to 2003) is an Australian rules football award given to the player(s) adjudged best and fairest for the Carlton Football Club for the season. The voting system as of the 2017 AFL season, consists of four coaches giving each player a ranking from one to four after each match. Players can receive a maximum of 16 votes for a game.

John Nicholls was a champion ruckman who won the award five times from 1959 to 1967.
Gabriel Thubières de Levy de Queylus
Gabriel Thubières de Levy de Queylus, S.S. (1612 – 20 May 1677), was a Sulpician priest from France, who was a leader in the development of New France. He was the founder and first superior of the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Montreal.

Saint-Sulpice Seminary (Montreal)
The Saint-Sulpice Seminary (French: Vieux Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice) is a building in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the second oldest structure in Montreal and was declared a National Historic Site of Canada in 1980. It is located in the Ville-Marie Borough in the Old Montreal district, next to Notre-Dame Basilica on Notre-Dame Street, facing Place d'Armes. The seminary is a classic U-shaped building featuring a palatial style and includes an annex.

Saint-Sulpice Seminary was founded in 1657 by the Society of Priests of Saint Sulpice, who have been the sole owner of the building since its creation. Construction began in 1684 by François Dollier de Casson, superior of the Sulpicians, and was completed in 1687, although later additions, such as the clock, were completed by 1713. It was dedicated to the education of secular priests and to mission work among native peoples in New France.
The Fireballs
The Fireballs, sometimes billed as Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, were an American rock and roll group, particularly popular at the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s. The original line-up consisted of George Tomsco (lead guitar), Chuck Tharp (vocals), Stan Lark (bass), Eric Budd (drums), and Dan Trammell (rhythm guitar). Besides their own recordings, the Fireballs were studio musicians for dozens of other recording artist projects from 1959 through 1970 at Norman Petty Recording Studios, including folk singer Carolyn Hester and Arthur Alexander.

Arthur Alexander
Arthur Alexander (May 10, 1940 – June 9, 1993) was an American country-soul songwriter and singer. Jason Ankeny, music critic for AllMusic, said Alexander was a "country-soul pioneer" and that, though largely unknown, "his music is the stuff of genius, a poignant and deeply intimate body of work on par with the best of his contemporaries." Alexander's songs were covered by such stars as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Gerry and the Pacemakers, Otis Redding, Tina Turner, Pearl Jam, Rick Nelson and Jerry Lee Lewis.
Centered dodecahedral number
In mathematics, a centered dodecahedral number is a centered figurate number that represents a dodecahedron. The centered dodecahedral number for a specific n is given by

The first such numbers are: 1, 33, 155, 427, 909, 1661, 2743, 4215, 6137, 8569, … (sequence A005904 in the OEIS).

Figurate number
The term figurate number is used by different writers for members of different sets of numbers, generalizing from triangular numbers to different shapes (polygonal numbers) and different dimensions (polyhedral numbers). The ancient Greek mathematicians already considered triangular numbers, polygonal numbers, tetrahedral numbers, and pyramidal numbers, and subsequent mathematicians have included other classes of these numbers including numbers defined from other types of polyhedra and from their analogs in other dimensions.
The Doodlebops
The Doodlebops is a Canadian live action musical-comedy children's television series produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment (now WildBrain) for CBC Television in Canada, although the series aired in the United States on Disney Channel's Playhouse Disney (now known as Disney Junior) from April 11, 2005 to November 17, 2007. The series combines music, choreography, humour, and skits to teach social lessons. It included scenes from a concert in front of preschool audiences being participated actively.

CBC Kids
CBC Kids (formerly known as Hodge Podge Lodge, CBC Playground, Children's CBC, Get Set for Life on CBC, and Kids' CBC) is a Canadian block on CBC Television. The block was launched as Hodge Podge Lodge in 1987 and contains programming targeted at children (mostly at younger kids). The block airs on weekdays from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., Saturdays from 6:00 a.m. to noon and Sundays from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.

Its French-language counterpart is Zone Jeunesse on ICI Radio-Canada Télé, which airs on weekdays from 5:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., Saturdays from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. and Sundays from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
Lister Glacier (Palmer Archipelago)
Lister Glacier (64°5′S 62°19′W﻿ / ﻿64.083°S 62.317°W﻿ / -64.083; -62.317) is a glacier 5 nautical miles (9 km) long and 1 nautical mile (2 km) wide, draining the northeast slopes of Stribog Mountains and flowing into Bouquet Bay just south of Duclaux Point on the northeast side of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

The glacier was shown on an Argentine government chart in 1953, but not named. It was photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and mapped from these photos in 1959. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, an English surgeon who was the founder of antiseptic surgery.

Bouquet Bay
Bouquet Bay is a bay, 7 miles wide, lying between Liege Island and the N part of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Discovered by the FrAE, 1903–05, and named by Charcot for Jean Bouquet de la Grye, French hydrographic engineer and a member of the commission which published the scientific results of the expedition.
Knight-Wallace Fellowship
The Knight-Wallace Fellowship (previously known as the NEH Journalism Fellowship and the Michigan Journalism Fellowship) is an award given to accomplished journalists at the University of Michigan. Knight-Wallace Fellowships are awarded to reporters, editors, photographers, producers, editorial writers and cartoonists, with at least five years of full-time, professional experience in the news media.

The fellows attend mandatory seminars twice weekly, and each fellow pursues an independent study plan that involves auditing University of Michigan classes and working with a faculty advisor. International travel is an important part of the fellowship, with annual trips to Argentina, Brazil, and Turkey.

Fellows are given a stipend of $90,000 plus $5,000 for relocation, paid in monthly installments from September to April. The fellowship home is at the Wallace House in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Knight Foundation
The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, also known as the Knight Foundation, is an American philanthropic organization that provides grants for the arts, journalism, research, and community development, with a focus on impact.

The organization was founded as the Charles L. Knight Memorial Education Fund in 1940. The fund was incorporated as the Knight Foundation in December 1950 in Ohio, and reincorporated as the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Florida in 1993.

The Foundation’s mission is to support a more effective democracy by funding projects that promote free expression, arts and culture, research in media and democracy, and the success of its 26 Knight communities, where the Knight brothers published newspapers.
Kakanda language
Kakanda (also known as Akanda or Hyabe) is a Nupoid language of Nigeria. Kakanda is spoken in and around Kupa and Eggan (near the Niger-Benue confluence). There are scattered villages stretching from the Niger-Benue confluence to as far as Muregi. There are at least 10,000 people. It is most closely related to Gupa and Kupa, although there are also some similarities with Ebira.

Baka is a Kakanda-speaking town. Blench (2019) lists Kakanda–Budon and Kakanda–Gbanmi/Sokun as dialects.

Nupoid languages
The Nupoid languages are a branch of Volta–Niger spoken in west-central Nigeria, particularly in southeastern Niger State and northern Kogi State. They include the Nupe, and Ebira languages, each with about 4 million speakers. Most Nupoid languages have 3 level tones.