hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)
The following is a timeline of the presidency of Joe Biden during the first quarter of 2021, beginning from his inauguration as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021, to March 31, 2021. For his time as president-elect, see the presidential transition of Joe Biden; for a detailed account of his first months in office, see First 100 days of the Biden presidency; for a complete itinerary of his travels, see List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021). To navigate between quarters, see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency. For the Q2 timeline see timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2).

Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency
Joe Biden, a Democrat from Delaware, was elected President of the United States on November 3, 2020. He was inaugurated on January 20, 2021, as the nation's 46th president, and his presidency ended on January 20, 2025, with the second inauguration of Donald Trump.

The following articles cover the timeline of Joe Biden, and the time leading up to it:
Makkala Bhagya
Makkala Bhagya (pronunciationⓘ transl. Luck of children) is a 1976 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by K. S. L. Swamy (Ravi) and produced by K. Vittal Kumar and K. V. Honnappa. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, K. S. Ashwath and Dwarakish in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar. It is a remake of the Tamil movie Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum, which itself was an adaptation of the 1953 British film Twice Upon a Time and the 1961 movie The Parent Trap – both based on the Erich Kästner's 1949 German novel Lottie and Lisa (Das doppelte Lottchen).

This was the first film to be released at Sampige theatre, Bangalore.

Twice Upon a Time (1953 film)
Twice Upon a Time is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Emeric Pressburger and starring Hugh Williams, Elizabeth Allan, Yolande Larthe, and Charmian Larthe. It is based on the 1949 novel Lisa and Lottie by Erich Kästner.

Lotte and Lisa had already been adapted into the films Two Times Lotte (1950) and Hibari no komoriuta (1951). Twice Upon a Time was the first English-language film adaptation; the story was later twice adapted as The Parent Trap (1961 and 1998) and has been remade a number of times in English and many other languages. It was shot at Shepperton Studios with sets designed by the art director Arthur Lawson.

The film is the only solo directing credit for Pressburger, whose other directing credits are in association with Michael Powell.
Varingen
Varingen is a local newspaper published in Rotnes, Norway. It covers the municipality of Nittedal.

It was established in 1946, and has been independent throughout its existence. It had a circulation of 3,843 in 1983, increasing to the current 6,020, of whom 5,852 are subscribers. It is owned by various local people and groups.

Nittedal
Nittedal is a municipality and city in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Romerike.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rotnes.

The parish of Nitedal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).
Eddy (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, an eddy  is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is naturally observed behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers.

An eddy is a movement of fluid that deviates from the general flow of the fluid. An example for an eddy is a vortex which produces such deviation. However, there are other types of eddies that are not simple vortices. For example, a Rossby wave is an eddy which is an undulation that is a deviation from mean flow, but does not have the local closed streamlines of a vortex.

Osborne Reynolds
Osborne Reynolds FRS (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester.
NGC 3943
NGC 3943 is a barred lenticular galaxy, located 304 million light-years away in the Leo constellation. It was discovered on April 27, 1865, by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest. NGC 3943 is a LINER galaxy, and is a member of the NGC 3937 Group.

NGC 3943 has a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 2.4 × 108 M☉.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Yolandita Monge
Yolanda Rosa Monge Betancourt (born September 16, 1955), known professionally as Yolandita Monge, is a Puerto Rican singer, actress, and television personality. She has been active in the music business since her teen years and has recorded 27 studio albums and two live albums, as well as several greatest hits compilations and special appearance recordings.

Osvaldo Ríos
Osvaldo Ríos Alonso (born October 25, 1960, in Carolina, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican actor, model, singer, and guitarist, who is best known for his roles in telenovelas.  He has appeared in several soap operas, including Abrazame muy Fuerte,  Kassandra and the 1996 version of La Viuda de Blanco.
2018 CAFA U-15 Championship
The 2018 CAFA U-15 Championship was the second edition of the CAFA U-15 Championship, the international youth football championship organized by CAFA for the men's under-15 national teams of Central Asia. Uzbekistan was hosting the tournament. All 6 CAFA teams entered the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 2003 eligible to participate.

Afghanistan were the defending champions having inaugural competition in 2017. but failed to retain their title after suffering two losses to Tajikistan and debutant Iran, who ultimately won the trophy unbeaten.

CAFA Youth Championship
The CAFA Youth Championship, is an international association football competition contested by the youth (U-14 to U-17) national teams of the members of the Central Asian Football Association (CAFA), the governing body of football in Central Asia.
Woman training for a Republican militia
Woman training for a Republican militia is a famous photograph by German photographer Gerda Taro (1910–1937) during the Spanish Civil War in 1936, taken on Somorrostro beach in Barcelona.

The photography depicts a female republican militia member on the Somorrostro beach of la Barceloneta neighborhood.

Gerda Taro
Gerta Pohorylle (1 August 1910 – 26 July 1937), known professionally as Gerda Taro, was a German war photographer active during the Spanish Civil War. She is regarded as the first female photojournalist to have died while covering the frontline in a war.

Taro was the companion and professional partner of photographer Robert Capa, who, like her, was Jewish. The name "Robert Capa" was originally an alias that Taro and Capa (born Endre Friedmann) shared, an invention meant to mitigate the increasing political intolerance in Europe and to attract the lucrative American market. Therefore, a significant amount of what is credited as Robert Capa's early work was actually created by Taro.
2010 Regional League Division 2 Bangkok Metropolitan Region
2010 Regional League Division 2 Bangkok Metropolitan Region is the 2nd season of the League competition since its establishment in 2009. It is in the third tier of the Thai football league system.

The league has been expanded from 10 clubs in 2009 to 13 clubs this season. The league winners and runners up will qualify for the 2010 Regional League Division 2 championship stage.

Look E-San F.C.
Look E-San Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลลูกอีสาน) is a Thai football club based in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The club currently plays in the Thai League 4 Western Region.

In 2012, the club signed an agreement with Police United to become their feeder club, using several of their youth players. The team also moved to play home games at the Bunyajinda Stadium in Bangkok.

In 2016, the club signed an agreement with Look E-San after break in 2015. The team also moved to play home games at Phutianan 2 Sport club in Sukhumvit, Bangkok.
Hymenopenaeus doris
Hymenopenaeus doris is a species of prawn in the family Solenoceridae. The species lives in the Eastern Pacific in areas like Mexico, Peru, and Costa Rica, from depths of 549 to 4802 meters.

The defense mechanism of H. doris is to play dead in order to avoid predation; drifting motionless while playing dead, having the name "zombie shrimp". This might also be a way of saving energy, since the depth they live at disallows animals to swim rapidly for long periods of time due to the little oxygen.

Solenoceridae
Solenoceridae is a family of decapods, containing 10 genera. Members of this family are marine, inhabiting shallow and offshore waters from the mid-continental shelf, ranging from depths to 1000 meters deep. Members of this family are also sometimes confused with other commercial shrimp species.
Linoma Software
Linoma Software was a developer of secure managed file transfer and IBM i software solutions. The company was acquired by HelpSystems in June 2016 (HelpSystems changed its name to Fortra in November 2022). Mid-sized companies, large enterprises and government entities use Linoma's (now Fortra's) software products to protect sensitive data and comply with data security regulations such as PCI DSS, HIPAA/HITECH, SOX, GLBA and state privacy laws. Linoma's software runs on a variety of platforms including Windows, Linux, UNIX, IBM i, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX and Mac OS X.

Proxy server
In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that resource.

Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request for a resource, such as a file or web page, the client directs the request to the proxy server, which evaluates the request and performs the required network transactions. This serves as a method to simplify or control the complexity of the request, or provide additional benefits such as load balancing, privacy, or security. Proxies were devised to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. A proxy server thus functions on behalf of the client when requesting service, potentially masking the true origin of the request to the resource server.
Les Misérables: The Staged Concert
Les Misérables: The Staged Concert is a 2019 British live stage recording of the 1980 musical Les Misérables, itself an adaptation of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel, filmed at the Gielgud Theatre in London's West End on 2 December 2019, and broadcast live to UK and Irish cinemas. Starring Michael Ball, Alfie Boe, Carrie Hope Fletcher and Matt Lucas, it was the final performance of the stage production Les Misérables: The All-Star Staged Concert, which ran for four months from 10 August. The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards.

Sondheim Theatre
The Sondheim Theatre (formerly the Queen's Theatre) is a West End theatre located in Shaftesbury Avenue on the corner of Wardour Street in the City of Westminster, London. It opened as the Queen's Theatre on 8 October 1907, as a twin to the neighbouring Hicks Theatre (now the Gielgud Theatre) which had opened ten months earlier. Both theatres were designed by W. G. R. Sprague. The theatre was Grade II listed by English Heritage in June 1972.

In 2019 the theatre's name was changed from the Queen's to the Sondheim Theatre (after Stephen Sondheim) after a 20-week refurbishment. The theatre reopened on 18 December 2019.
Donngus Ua hAingliu
Donngus Ua hAingliu (died 22 November 1095), also known as Donatus and Donat O'Haingly, was the third Bishop of Dublin. Donngus was elevated to the see of Dublin following bishop Gilla Pátraics death in 1084. He was consecrated by Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1085 at "the request of the king, clergy, and people of Ireland" (Acta Lanfranci)

Donngus had been trained as a monk at Christ Church in Canterbury. Like his predecessor Gilla Pátraic he returned from his consecration with letters of exhortation from Lanfranc to the kings and clergy of Ireland. According to a subsequent letter from Lanfranc's successor in Canterbury, Anselm, Lanfranc had also given books, vestments and ornaments for the church in Dublin to Donngus.

In his obit in the Annals of Ulster Donngus is described as "bishop of Áth Cliath" (espoc Atha Cliath) just like Gilla Pátraic, while the first recorded bishop in Dublin, Dúnán, had been titled "chief bishop of the foreigners" (ardespoc Gall).

Gilla Pátraic
Gilla Pátraic (died 10 October 1084), also known as Patricius, was the second Bishop of Dublin. Gilla Pátraic was elevated to the see of Dublin following bishop Dúnán's death in 1074. He was consecrated by Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. Whether Gilla Pátraic or Dúnán was the first Irish bishop to be consecrated in Canterbury is disputed.

Before he became bishop of Dublin Gilla Pátraic had been a monk in a Benedictine community at Worcester, the prior then had been Wulfstan, later Bishop of Worcester.

He drowned along with his companions crossing the Irish Sea on 10 October 1084.
January 1999 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, January 31, 1999, with an umbral magnitude of −0.0258. It was a relatively rare total penumbral lunar eclipse, with the Moon passing entirely within the penumbral shadow without entering the darker umbral shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 4.8 days after perigee (on January 26, 1999, at 21:25 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Total penumbral lunar eclipse
A total penumbral lunar eclipse is a lunar eclipse that occurs when the Moon becomes completely immersed in the penumbral cone of the Earth without touching the umbra.

The path for the Moon to pass within the penumbra and outside the umbra is very narrow. It can only happen on the Earth's northern or southern penumbral edges. In addition, the size of the penumbra is sometimes too small where the Moon enters it to contain the Moon. The width of the Earth's penumbra is determined by the Sun's angular diameter at the time of the eclipse, and the Moon's angular diameter is larger than the Sun over part of its elliptical orbit, depending on whether the eclipse occurs at the nearest (perigee) or farthest point (apogee) in its orbit around the Earth. The majority of the time, the size of the Moon and the size of the Earth's penumbra where the Moon crosses it mean that most eclipses will not be total penumbral in nature.
Palmer, Massachusetts
Palmer is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. With a population was 12,448 at the 2020 census, Palmer is the least populous city in the Commonwealth. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Palmer adopted a home rule charter in 2004 with a council-manager form of government. Palmer is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have city forms of government but retain "The town of" in their official names.

The villages of Bondsville, Thorndike, Depot Village, and Three Rivers are located in Palmer.

Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style derived from Romanesque Revival that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."
Mirari vos
Mirari vos (Latin: "That you wonder"; subtitled "On Liberalism and Religious Indifferentism"), sometimes referred to as Mirari vos arbitramur, was the fourth encyclical letter of Pope Gregory XVI and was issued in August 1832.  Addressed to "All Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops of the Catholic World", it is general in its audience and scope, whereas his three earlier encyclicals had been addressed to more specific audiences in the Papal States and the Kingdom of Poland.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Economy of the Isle of Man
The economy of the Isle of Man is a low-tax economy with insurance, online gambling operators and developers, information and communications technology (ICT), and offshore banking forming key sectors of the island's economy.

As an offshore financial centre located in the Irish Sea, the Isle of Man is within the British Isles but does not form part of the United Kingdom and was never a part of the European Union.

As of 2016, the Crown dependency's gross national income (GNI) per capita was US$89,970 as assessed by the World Bank. The Isle of Man Government's own National Income Report shows the largest sectors of the economy are insurance and eGaming with 17% of GNI each, followed by ICT and banking with 9% each, with tourist accommodation in the lowest sector at 0.3%.

Department for Enterprise (Isle of Man)
The Department for Enterprise (Rheynn Gastid Dellal) is one of eight departments of the Isle of Man Government. It was created on 1 April 2010 as the Department for Economic Development, largely replacing the former Department of Trade and Industry as well as taking on the tourism function from the former Department of Tourism and Leisure and several other functions from the Isle of Man Treasury and the former Department of Education.

The department was renamed as the Department for Enterprise in November 2017 under Statutory Document No. 2017/0325.

The current (in 2022) Minister for Enterprise is Tim Johnston.
2-Oxohistidine
2-Oxohistidine is a derivative of histidine damaged by reactive oxygen species. It is a biological marker for assessing protein modifications from oxidative stress.  In particular, it arises by iron-catalyzed reaction with hydrogen peroxide.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Cancienes
Cancienes is one of seven parishes (administrative divisions) in the Corvera de Asturias municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 1,651 (INE 2007).

Corvera de Asturias
Corvera de Asturias (Asturian: Corvera) is a municipality in the principality of Asturias in northern Spain. It shares a boundary to the north with Avilés and Gozón; to the east with Carreño and Gijón; to the south with Llanera and Illas and to the west with Castrillón. Its capital, Nubledo, has a population of more than 300 residents.

Corvera is the most eastern of the four counties forming the Great County of Aviles. It is situated in the northern-central area of the Principality of Asturias. It is 45.48 km2 (17.56 sq mi) in size and has a population of over 16,000 residents, mainly concentrated in the villages of Las Vegas and Los Campos. The main roads to get there are AS-19, AS-17 and A-8. The A-8 proceeds to Tabaza (Carreño) and the shopping centre Parque Astur.
Burnetiamorpha
Burnetiamorpha is a clade of biarmosuchian therapsids. Burnetiamorphs are the most derived biarmosuchians. The name Burnetiamorpha has been in use since South African paleontologist Robert Broom erected the group in 1923, but it has recently been put to use in phylogenetic classification as a clade including Burnetiidae and its closest relatives, including Lemurosaurus, Lophorhinus, and Lobalopex.

Robert Broom
Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 –  6 April 1951) was a British-South African medical doctor and palaeontologist. He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow.

From 1903 to 1910, he was professor of zoology and geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and subsequently he became keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum, Cape Town.
First Bratteli cabinet
Bratteli's First Cabinet governed Norway between 17 March 1971 and 18 October 1972. The Labour Party cabinet was led by Trygve Bratteli. Bratteli governed his second cabinet between 1973 and 1976.

On 8 May 1972 there was a cabinet reshuffle. The Ministry of Wages and Prices was discontinued, the Ministry of Family and Consumer Affairs was restructured as the Ministry of Consumer Affairs and Administration, and the Ministry of the Environment was established.

Ministry of Pay and Prices
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Pay and Prices (Norwegian: Lønns- og prisdepartementet) was a Norwegian ministry that existed from 1955 to 1972.

It was established on 1 August 1955. It ceased to exist on 7 May 1972, its tasks were mainly transferred to the Ministry of Family and Consumer Affairs.

The heads of the Ministry of Pay and Prices were Gunnar Bråthen (1955-1959), Gunnar Bøe (1959-1962), Karl Trasti (1962-1963), Ole Myrvoll (1963), Karl Trasti (1963-1964), Idar Norstrand (1964-1965), Dagfinn Vårvik (1965-1971) and Olav Gjærevoll (1971-1972).
Marissa Chibás
Marissa Chibás (born 1969) is a Cuban American writer, actress, filmmaker, and director.

Chibás created the feature-length documentary film A Cuban Documemory and the short film Finding Shelter, inspired by her play Shelter. Her most recent feature screenplay, 72, was selected for Sundance's feature film development track in 2022.

CalArts Center for New Performance
The CalArts Center for New Performance (CNP) is the professional producing arm of the California Institute of the Arts.

Founded in 2002 by Susan Solt, Travis Preston, and Carol Bixler and launched with Travis Preston's groundbreaking all female production of King Lear, and originally called the CalArts Center for New Theater, the name was changed in 2005.