hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Extrachromosomal circular DNA
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells. Extrachromosomal circular DNA is derived from chromosomal DNA, can range in size from 50 base pairs to several mega-base pairs in length, and can encode regulatory elements and full-length genes. eccDNA has been observed in various eukaryotic species and it is proposed to be a byproduct of programmed DNA recombination events, such as V(D)J recombination.

Immunostimulant
Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system usually in a non-specific manner by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The goal of this stimulated immune response is usually to help the body have a stronger immune system response in order to improve outcomes in the case of an infection or cancer malignancy. There is also some evidence that immunostimulants may be useful to help decrease severe acute illness related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or acute infections in the lungs.
Sound Retrieval System
Sound Retrieval System (SRS) is a patented psychoacoustic 3D audio processing technology originally invented by Arnold Klayman in the early 1980s. The SRS technology applies head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) to create an immersive 3D soundfield using only two speakers, widening the "sweet spot", creating a more spacious sense of ambience, and producing strong localization cues for discrete instruments within an audio mix. SRS is not a Dolby matrix surround decoder but works with normal stereo recordings.

DTS, Inc.
DTS, Inc. (an initialism of its original name, Digital Theater Systems) is an American company that makes multichannel audio technologies for film and video. Based in Calabasas, California, the company introduced its DTS technology in 1993 as a competitor to Dolby Laboratories, incorporating DTS in the film Jurassic Park (1993). The DTS product is used in surround sound formats for both commercial/theatrical and consumer-grade applications. It was known as The Digital Experience until 1995. DTS licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers.

DTS, Inc. was acquired by Tessera Technologies Inc. in December 2016 and combined under the newly created Tessera Holding Corporation. The combined company was renamed to Xperi Corporation in February 2017.
Percussion Bitter Sweet
Percussion Bitter Sweet is an album by jazz drummer Max Roach recorded in 1961, released on Impulse! Records. It was trumpeter Booker Little's penultimate recording before he died from uremia in early October 1961.

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Typewise
Typewise is a Swiss artificial intelligence company that develops an AI agent platform for enterprise customer service. Its first product was a virtual keyboard for Android and iOS devices. The keyboard features a self-developed hexagonal layout and a predictive typing engine suggesting the next word depending on context and multilingual language support. In January 2022, the company filed a patent for its technology which it claims outperforms that of Google's and Apple's.

In December 2021, Typewise keyboard had been installed over 1.4 million times and in January 2022, the keyboard won a Consumer Electronics Show (CES) Innovation Award for the second year running.

Virtual keyboard
A virtual keyboard is a software component that allows the input of characters without the need for physical keys. Interaction with a virtual keyboard happens mostly via a touchscreen interface, but can also take place in a different form when in virtual or augmented reality.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1661
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1661, adopted unanimously on March 14, 2006, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly resolutions 1622 (2005) and 1640 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) for a period of one month until April 15, 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1622
United Nations Security Council resolution 1622, adopted unanimously on 13 September 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly Resolution 1586 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 March 2006.

Eritrea branded the resolution as "toothless, meaningless and pathetic".
Henry Draper Catalogue
The Henry Draper Catalogue (HD) is an astronomical star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924, giving spectroscopic classifications for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the Henry Draper Extension (HDE), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the Henry Draper Extension Charts (HDEC), published from 1937 to 1949 in the form of charts, which gave classifications for 86,933 more stars. In all, 359,083 stars were classified as of August 2017.

The HD catalogue is named after Henry Draper, an amateur astronomer, and covers the entire sky almost completely down to an apparent photographic magnitude of about 9; the extensions added fainter stars in certain areas of the sky. The construction of the Henry Draper Catalogue was part of a pioneering effort to classify stellar spectra, and its catalogue numbers are commonly used as a way of identifying stars.

Star catalogue
A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient people, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. They were sometimes accompanied by a star chart for illustration. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies' data centres. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft Gaia and thus far has over a billion stars.

Completeness and accuracy are described by the faintest limiting magnitude V (largest number) and the accuracy of the positions.
Nazar Soýunow
Nazar Soýunow (23 August 1936 – 25 March 2021) was a Turkmen politician. A graduate of the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy and the Russian Academy of State Service, he served as Foreign Minister of the Turkmen SSR from 1979 to 1985. He was a member of the People's Council of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 1994, one of the Deputy Chairmen of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan from 1992 to 1994, and Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources from April to July 1994.

Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan
The First Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, sometimes referred to as the vice president of Turkmenistan, and even erroneously (based on the official title, and despite the abolition of the prime minister of Turkmenistan's office) as the deputy prime minister, is the deputy head of government of Turkmenistan, serving as the senior minister of the Cabinet of Ministers. The vice president is appointed by the president of Turkmenistan. Multiple persons can be appointed as Deputy Chairmen serving concurrently.
Count of Velayos
Count of Dehesa de Velayos (Spanish: Conde de la Dehesa de Velayos), commonly known as Count of Velayos is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, granted in 1709 by Philip V to Fernando de Torres, governor of Potosí in the Viceroyalty of Peru.

At the death of the 5th count, the title became vacant until Alfonso XIII rehabilitated it on behalf of Luis de Figueroa y Alonso-Martínez, son of the Count of Romanones and a descendant of the last count.

Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones
Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres, 1st Count of Romanones (9 August 1863 – 11 October 1950) was a Spanish politician and businessman. He served as Prime Minister three times between 1912 and 1918, president of the Senate, president of the Congress of Deputies, Mayor of Madrid and many times as cabinet minister. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Romanones, who built an extensive political network, exerted a tight control on the political life of the province of Guadalajara during much of the Restoration period. He also was a prolific writer, authoring a number of history essays.
Isabelle Becker
Isabelle Becker (1965 – 7 May 2024) was a French singer. She was a co-founder of the band Edgar de l'Est, of which she was a member from 1992 to 2003 and released three albums with: La Berlue, Ces jours-ci, and Les Vacances. She then formed the group "Wandarine" with her husband, composer Bruno Coq. In 2004, they released Poke-Rope, which contained songs in French and in English. In 2016, former Straw Dawgs drummer Eric Hello joined Wanderine. Becker died on 7 May 2024, at the age of 59.

Noir Désir
Noir Désir (French pronunciation: [nwaʁ deziʁ], lit. 'black desire') was a French rock band from Bordeaux that formed in 1980. Their most consistent lineup featured Bertrand Cantat (vocals, guitar), Serge Teyssot-Gay (guitar), Frédéric Vidalenc (bass guitar) and Denis Barthe (drums). Jean-Paul Roy became the band's bassist in 1996 after Vidalenc's departure.

They released six albums, two of which were certified double platinum in France and three which were certified gold. They have been an influence on numerous French musicians including Cali, Louise Attaque and Miossec. Their most popular song, "Le vent nous portera" (2001), reached number one in Italy and number three in France.

The band entered an inactive state after frontman Cantat was imprisoned for the 2003 murder of French actress Marie Trintignant. While Cantat was released in 2007, the band ultimately disbanded in 2010 because of internal conflicts.
Wales Coast Path
The Wales Coast Path (Welsh: Llwybr Arfordir Cymru) is a designated long-distance trail which follows, or runs close to, the coastline of Wales.

Launched in 2012, the footpath is 870 miles (1,400 km) long and was heralded as the first dedicated coast path in the world to cover the entire length of a country's coastline. The Wales Coast Path runs through eleven national nature reserves and other nature reserves such as those managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and The Wildlife Trusts.

England–Wales border
The England–Wales border, sometimes referred to as the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, runs for 160 miles (260 km) from the Dee estuary, in the north, to the Severn estuary in the south, separating England and Wales.

It has followed broadly the same line since the 8th century, and in part that of Offa's Dyke; the modern boundary was fixed in 1536, when the former marcher lordships which occupied the border area were abolished and new county boundaries were created. The administrative boundary of Wales was confirmed in the Local Government Act 1972. Whether Monmouthshire was part of Wales, or an English county treated for most purposes as though it were Welsh, was also settled by the 1972 Act, which included it in Wales.
2007 St. Petersburg Open
The 2007 St. Petersburg Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 13th edition of the St. Petersburg Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It took place at the Petersburg Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from October 22 through October 28, 2007.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 4, French Open and US Open semifinalist, and recent Moscow winner Nikolay Davydenko, Doha and Metz runner-up, San Jose champion Andy Murray, and Dubai and Munich finalist, Rotterdam titlist Mikhail Youzhny. Other seeded players were Valencia and Kitzbühel runner-up Potito Starace, Indianapolis and Bangkok champion Dmitry Tursunov, Fernando Verdasco, Philipp Kohlschreiber and Thomas Johansson.

2007 BMW Open
The 2007 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament that was part of the 2007 ATP Tour. It was the 92nd edition of the event and was played on outdoor clay courts in Munich, Germany between 30 April and 6 May 2007. The tournament was won by Philipp Kohlschreiber in men's singles and Philipp Kohlschreiber and Mikhail Youzhny in men's doubles.
Self-tuning
In control theory a self-tuning system is capable of optimizing its own internal running parameters in order to maximize or minimize the fulfilment of an objective function; typically the maximization of efficiency or error minimization.

Self-tuning and auto-tuning often refer to the same concept.  Many software research groups consider auto-tuning the proper nomenclature.

Self-tuning systems typically exhibit non-linear adaptive control.  Self-tuning systems have been a hallmark of the aerospace industry for decades, as this sort of feedback is necessary to generate optimal multi-variable control for non-linear processes.  In the telecommunications industry, adaptive communications are often used to dynamically modify operational system parameters to maximize efficiency and robustness.

Adaptive control
Adaptive control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters which vary, or are initially uncertain. For example, as an aircraft flies, its mass will slowly decrease as a result of fuel consumption; a control law is needed that adapts itself to such changing conditions. Adaptive control is different from robust control in that it does not need a priori information about the bounds on these uncertain or time-varying parameters; robust control guarantees that if the changes are within given bounds the control law need not be changed, while adaptive control is concerned with control law changing itself.
Clement Benhaddouche
Clément Sami Nicolas Benhaddouche (Chinese: 賓紀文; born 11 May 1996) is a professional footballer who currently plays as a right winger or a right back for China League One club Changchun Yatai. Born in France, he plays for the Hong Kong national team.

Hong Kong Sapling Cup
Hong Kong Sapling Cup (Chinese: 菁英盃) was a Hong Kong domestic football competition contested by the Hong Kong Premier League teams. The objective of the Cup was to provide more playing opportunities for youth players. It was discontinued after the 2024–25 season.

HK$120,000 reward goes to the winners, with the runners-up getting HK$60,000. The two other losing semi-finalists receive HK$30,000. The remaining teams get HK$15,000. The best under-22 player from each team gets HK$3,000, and player of the tournament earns an additional HK$5,000. The last Sapling Cup holder is Southern.
8 Herculis
8 Herculis or 8 Her is an A-type main-sequence star 399 light-years (122.4 parsecs) away in the constellation Hercules. It is also known as HD 145122. Because of its apparent magnitude, of 6.13 the star can be very faintly seen with the naked eye in excellent conditions.

A-type main-sequence star
An A-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen burning) star of spectral type A. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars have spectra defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines. They measure between 1.7 and 2.1 solar masses (M☉), have surface temperatures between 7,600 and 10,000 K, and live for about a quarter of the lifetime of the Sun. Bright and nearby examples are Altair (A7), Sirius A (A1), and Vega (A0). A-type stars do not have convective zones and thus are not expected to harbor magnetic dynamos. As a consequence, because they do not have strong stellar winds; they lack a means to generate X-ray emission.
Outwell
Outwell is a village and civil parish in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk, in the English county of Norfolk.

At the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 2,083, an increase from 1,880 at the 2001 Census.

King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in the town of King's Lynn. The district also includes the towns of Downham Market and Hunstanton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The population of the district at the 2021 census was 154,325.

Part of the borough lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The borough lies on the coast, facing both The Wash to the west and the North Sea to the north. The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Breckland, West Suffolk, East Cambridgeshire, Fenland and South Holland.
Khunta Assembly constituency
Khunta was a Assembly constituency from Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. It was established in 1951 and abolished in 1956. It was revived in 1961 and abolished in 2008. After 2008 delimitation, It was subsumed by the Baripada Assembly constituency. This constituency was reserved for Schedule Tribes.

The extent of Khunta constituency comprised Khunta police station of Kaptipada sub-division, and Similipal and Kuliana police stations of Sadar sub-division.

Mayurbhanj district
Mayurbhanj district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in eastern India and the largest in the state by area, nearly equivalent to Tripura. The district's headquarters is located in Baripada, with other major towns including Rairangpur, Karanjia, and Udala. As of 2011, Mayurbhanj ranks as the third-most populous district in Odisha, following Ganjam and Cuttack. The district also known for the Similipal National park.
Chris Koster
Christopher Andrew Koster (born August 31, 1964) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 41st Attorney General of Missouri from 2009 to 2017. Before that, Koster was elected three times as prosecuting attorney of Cass County, Missouri, and served four years as state senator from Missouri's 31st Senatorial district.

In 2016, Koster was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Missouri and was defeated by Republican nominee Eric Greitens in the general election. After completing his terms as attorney general, Koster joined Centene Corporation, where he currently serves as Executive Vice President, Secretary, and General Counsel.

Centene Corporation
Centene Corporation is an American for-profit healthcare company that serves as an intermediary for government-sponsored and privately insured healthcare programs. Based in Clayton, Missouri, Centene ranked No. 23 on the 2025 Fortune 500.
Thomas Digges
Thomas Digges (/dɪɡz/; c. 1546 – 24 August 1595) was an English mathematician and astronomer. He was the first to expound the Copernican system in English but discarded the notion of a fixed shell of immoveable stars to postulate infinitely many stars at varying distances. He was also first to postulate the "dark night sky paradox".

Edward Robert Harrison
Edward R. Harrison (8 January 1919 – 29 January 2007)
was a British astronomer and cosmologist, noted for his work about the increase of fluctuations in the expanding universe, for his explanation of Olbers's paradox, and for his books on cosmology for lay readers. He spent much of his career at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and University of Arizona, both in the United States.
Joseph Chike Edozien
Joseph Chike Edozien, CFR, JP (28 July 1924 – 7 February 2024), was a Nigerian traditional ruler and distinguished academic who served as the Asagba of Asaba — the King of Asaba, Delta State. He was a professor of medicine and the first Nigerian dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ibadan. His reign marked a period of significant cultural preservation and modernization of the Asaba kingdom. He ascended the throne in 1991 and reigned until his passing in 2024 at the age of 99. or King of Asaba, Delta State.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer
Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer (FINESSE) was a  NASA mission proposal for a space observatory operating in the Near-infrared spectrum for the Medium-Class Explorers program. The Principal Investigator was Mark Swain of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

FINESSE was one of three Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX) mission concepts that received $2 million to conduct a nine-month mission concept study in August 2017. The mission study was terminated prematurely following the selection by European Space Agency of an identical concept, the ARIEL exoplanet atmosphere survey mission. Had it been selected for implementation, FINESSE would have launched no earlier than 2022 and lasted at least two years. The other two finalist concepts competing with FINESSE were Arcus (an X-ray space observatory) and SPHEREx (a near-infrared space observatory). In February 2019, it was announced that SPHEREx had been selected.

Arcus (satellite)
Arcus is a proposed X-ray space observatory proposed to NASA's Explorer program, Medium Explorer (MIDEX) class.

The Arcus mission would study galaxies and galaxy clusters using high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the interactions between these objects and the diffuse hot gas that permeates them. The Principal investigator is Randall Smith at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts; the project has significant contributions from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, cosine Measurement Systems (Sassenheim, Netherlands), Penn State, and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics.
2018 Qujing International Challenger
The 2018 Qujing International Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Qujing, China between 19 and 25 March 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.