hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty parameter
The uncertainty parameter U is introduced by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) to quantify the uncertainty of a perturbed orbital solution for a minor planet. The parameter is a logarithmic scale from 0 to 9 that measures the anticipated longitudinal uncertainty in the minor planet's mean anomaly after 10 years. The larger the number, the larger the uncertainty. The uncertainty parameter is also known as condition code in JPL's Small-Body Database Browser. The U value should not be used as a predictor for the uncertainty in the future motion of near-Earth objects.

Mean anomaly
In celestial mechanics, the mean anomaly is the fraction of an elliptical orbit's period that has elapsed since the orbiting body passed periapsis, expressed as an angle which can be used in calculating the position of that body in the classical two-body problem. It is the angular distance from the pericenter which a fictitious body would have if it moved in a circular orbit, with constant speed, in the same orbital period as the actual body in its elliptical orbit.
South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area
The South Bend–Mishawaka Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as Michiana, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in northern Indiana (St. Joseph) and one in southwest Michigan (Cass), anchored by the cities of South Bend and Mishawaka in Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 319,224 (though a July 1, 2019 estimate placed the population at 318,192).

Goshen, Indiana
Goshen (/ˈɡoʊʃən/ GOH-shən) is a city in and the county seat of Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. It is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Elkhart–Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the northern part of Indiana near the Michigan border, in a region known as Michiana. Goshen is located 10 miles southeast of Elkhart, 25 miles southeast of South Bend, 120 miles east of Chicago, and 150 miles north of Indianapolis. The population of Goshen was 34,517 at the 2020 census.

The city is known as a prominent recreational vehicle and accessories manufacturing center, the home of Goshen College, a small Mennonite liberal arts college, and the Elkhart County 4-H Fair, one of the largest county fairs in the United States.
Colon Cemetery, Havana
El Cementerio de Cristóbal Colón (English: the Christopher Columbus Cemetery), also called La Necrópolis de Cristóbal Colón, was founded in 1876 in the Vedado neighbourhood of Havana, Cuba, to replace the Espada Cemetery in the Barrio de San Lázaro. Named for Christopher Columbus, the cemetery is noted for its many elaborately sculpted memorials. It is estimated the cemetery has more than 500 major mausoleums. Before the Espada Cemetery and the Colon Cemetery were built, interments took place in crypts at the various churches throughout Havana, for example, at the Havana Cathedral or Church Crypts in Havana Vieja.

Havana Cathedral
Havana Cathedral (Catedral de la Purísima Concepción de María) is one of eleven Catholic cathedrals on the island. It is located in the Plaza de la Catedral on Calle Empedrado, between San Ignacio y Mercaderes, Old Havana, Havana, Cuba. The thirty by forty-nine meters rectangular church serves as the seat of the Archdiocese of San Cristóbal de la Habana. Christopher Columbus’s remains were kept in the cathedral between 1796 and 1898 before they were taken to Seville Cathedral.

It was built between 1748 and 1777 and was consecrated in 1782.
Selo Kostolac
Selo Kostolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Село Костолац, lit. 'Village Kostolac') or Stari Kostolac (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Костолац, lit. 'Old Kostolac') is a village in the municipality of Kostolac, city of Požarevac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1,313 people.

Požarevac
Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, pronounced [pǒʒarevats]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava and below the hill Čačalica (208m). As of 2022, the city has a population of 42,530 while the city administrative area has 68,648 inhabitants.
1958 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1958 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 48th completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

St Aidan's Enniscorthy entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 21 September 1958 at Wexford Park, between St Aidan's Enniscorthy and Geraldine O'Hanrahans. St Aidan's Enniscorthy won the match by 3–11 to 2–10 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a third consecutive title.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020
This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this outbreak (later pandemic when it was upgraded on 11 March 2020) began in December 2019.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Ge'ez: ቴዎድሮስ አድሓኖም ገብረኢየሱስ, sometimes spelled ቴድሮስ ኣድሓኖም ገብረየሱስ; born 3 March 1965) is an Ethiopian public health official, researcher, diplomat, and the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2017. He is the first African to become WHO Director-General, receiving an endorsement for the role by the African Union. Tedros played a role in the response to the Ebola virus epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak.

Prior to serving as Director-General, he held two high-level positions in the government of Ethiopia: Minister of Health from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. Tedros was included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020.
Phillimore Place
Phillimore Place is a street in Kensington, London.

Phillimore Place runs from its junction with Phillimore Gardens in the south-west to Argyll Road in the north-east.

Phillimore Place formed part of the Phillimore estate, inherited by William Phillimore in 1779. The late Georgian houses were built from 1788 to 1816, largely designed by William Porden.

The author Kenneth Grahame lived at no.16 from 1901 to 1908, and there is a blue plaque there in his honour.

In 1955, Bernard Williams, Shirley Williams, Helge Rubinstein and Hilary Rubinstein, bought a four-storey, seven-bedroom house in the street for £6,800, and lived there together for 14 years.

Phillimore Gardens
Phillimore Gardens is a street in Kensington, West London, England.

Phillimore Gardens runs roughly north to south from Duchess of Bedford's Walk to Kensington High Street. The houses on the west side all back on to Holland Park.
Silent witness rule
The silent witness rule is the use of "substitutions" when referring to sensitive information in the United States open courtroom jury trial system. An example of a substitution method is the use of code-words on a "key card", to which witnesses and the jury would refer during the trial, but which the public would not have access to. The rule is an evidentiary doctrine that tries to balance the state secrets privilege with the bill of rights (especially the right of the accused to a public trial, and the right to due process). In practice the rule has been rarely used and was often challenged by judges and civil rights advocates. Its use remains controversial.

United States v. Reynolds
United States v. Reynolds, 345 U.S. 1 (1953), is a landmark legal case decided in 1953, which saw the formal recognition of the state secrets privilege, a judicially recognized extension of presidential power. The US Supreme Court confirmed that "the privilege against revealing military secrets ... is well established in the law of evidence".
Faujdarhat Collegiate School
Faujdarhat Collegiate School is situated on the Faujdarhat Cadet College campus in Faujdarhat, Sitakunda Upazila of Chittagong District, Bangladesh. This school was mainly established for the children of the cadet college staff. It has about 600 students. The EIIN number of this institution is 105074. The ex-students of this institution celebrated two reunions. One was in 2008 and another one was on 13 January 2017.

Faujdarhat Cadet College
Faujdarhat Cadet College is a historic public military high school being the first of its kind in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) and second in entire Pakistan, modelled after public schools in the UK (according to the Public Schools Act 1868), run following the national curriculum of Bangladesh in English medium, financed partially by the Bangladesh Army, located at Faujdarhat, near Chittagong, in Bangladesh.
Siege of Jacob's Ford
The siege of Jacob's Ford was a victory of the Muslim Sultan Saladin over an unnamed Templar Castellan of Jacob's Ford. It occurred in August 1179, when Saladin conquered and destroyed Chastelet, a new border castle built by the Knights Templar at Jacob's Ford on the upper Jordan River, a historic passage point between the Golan Heights and north Galilee. Jacob's Ford is also known by the Latin name of Vadum Iacob and in modern Hebrew as Ateret. Many scholars believe that Saladin's reconquest of the Holy Land and Jerusalem in 1187 was heralded by this earlier victory.

Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, Arabic: بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake  or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel and the Golan Heights. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide. Its area is 166.7 km2 (64.4 sq mi) at its fullest, and its maximum depth is approximately 43 metres (141 ft). The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south with the outflow controlled by the Degania Dam.
Army Group Don
Army Group Don (German: Heeresgruppe Don) was a short-lived army group of the German Army during World War II. It existed between November 1942 and February 1943 and was primarily concerned with the Battle of Stalingrad, which was concurrently fought.

6th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 6th Army (German: 6. Armee) was a field army of the German Army during World War II. It is widely known for its defeat by and subsequent surrender to the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad on 2 February 1943. It committed war crimes at Babi Yar while under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa.

The 6th Army was reformed in March 1943, and participated in fighting in Ukraine and later Romania, before being almost completely destroyed in the Second Jassy-Kishinev Offensive in August 1944. Following this it would fight in Hungary, attempting to relieve Budapest, and subsequently retreating into Austria in the Spring of 1945. 6th Army surrendered to US Army forces on 9 May 1945.
Whipping Boy: The Forty-Year Search for My Twelve-Year-Old Bully
Whipping Boy: The Forty-Year Search for My Twelve-Year-Old Bully (ISBN 978-0-062-26948-5) is a book written by Allen Kurzweil, which was published by HarperCollins on 20 January 2015 and later won the Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime in 2016.

The reviewer for The Washington Post wrote: "What becomes of bullies when they grow up? Do they evolve into decent, kind human beings, or does their capacity for malice grow along with their bodies? Allen Kurzweil explores this issue — and much more — in 'Whipping Boy,' a compulsive account of his search for the childhood tormentor who made his life miserable ... a fascinating, multi-pronged morality tale about victimhood, skewed perception and the liberation of facing your demons."

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
1993 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
The 16th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1994 to honor the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1993. For the first time in Stinkers' history, there were additional categories to be included besides just Worst Picture. Such categories are shown below along with Worst Picture and its dishonorable mentions, which are films that were considered for Worst Picture but ultimately failed to make the final ballot (19 total). All winners are highlighted.

Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
The Stinkers Bad Movie Awards (formerly known as the Hastings Bad Cinema Society) was a Los Angeles–based group of film buffs and film critics devoted to honoring the worst films of the year.

The society was founded by Mike Lancaster and Ray Wright, two former ushers who met in the late 1970s at what is now the Pacific Hastings Theater in Pasadena, California (from which the society originally got its name).
Gunnar Greve
Gunnar Greve Pettersen (born 9 March 1982) is a Norwegian talent manager, producer, singer, songwriter and record executive. Greve is one of the most well-known figures in the Norwegian industry, primarily known for representing a variety of Norwegian and Swedish artists, producers and songwriters. He is the founder and current managing partner of Norwegian full-service music company Kreatell (which he co-founded in 2012, formerly MER), representing artists such as Alan Walker.

Lars Vaular
Lars Nesheim Vaular (born 20 September 1984) is a Norwegian rapper, singer and songwriter from Åsane, Bergen. He started rapping in 2003. He initially released songs under the duo Tier'n og Lars before going solo.
5th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 5th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on Wednesday, September 1, 2004, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.

This was the last telecast of the awards nationally in the United States in English with a CBS contract.  Effective in 2005, the awards were announced in Spanish with an exclusive Spanish-language telecast. Alejandro Sanz was the big winner winning four awards including Album of the Year.

Bebo Valdés
Dionisio Ramón Emilio Valdés Amaro (October 9, 1918 – March 22, 2013), better known as Bebo Valdés, was a Cuban pianist, bandleader, composer and arranger. He was a central figure in the golden age of Cuban music, especially due to his big band arrangements and compositions of mambo, chachachá and batanga, a genre he created in 1952.

He was the director of the Radio Mil Diez house band and the Tropicana Club orchestra, before forming his own big band, Orquesta Sabor de Cuba, in 1957. However, after the end of the Cuban Revolution, in 1960, Bebo left his family behind and went into exile in Mexico before settling in Sweden, where he remarried. His musical hiatus lasted until 1994, when a collaboration with Paquito D'Rivera brought him back into the music business.

By the time of his death in 2013, he had recorded several new albums, earning multiple Grammy Awards. His son Chucho Valdés is also a successful pianist and bandleader.
Penitentes (New Mexico)
Los Hermanos de la Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno (Spanish: 'The Brothers of the Pious Fraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene'), also known as Los Penitentes, Los Hermanos, the Brotherhood of our Father Jesus of Nazareth and the Penitente Brotherhood, is a lay confraternity of Spanish-American Catholic men active in Northern and Central New Mexico and southern Colorado. They maintain religious meeting buildings, which are not formal capillas (or Church parishes, or churches), called moradas.

Confraternity
A confraternity (Spanish: cofradía; Portuguese: confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels and the Confraternity of the Rosary.

Confraternities were "the most sweeping and ubiquitous movement of the central and later Middle Ages".
North-West Football Championship
North-West Football Championship (Russian: Первенство Северо-Запада по футболу) is the north-west regional competition of Russian Amateur Football League, the fourth overall tier of the Russian football league system.

FC Pskov-747
FC Pskov-747 (Russian: ФК «Псков-747») was an association football club from Pskov, Russia, founded in 2006. It played in the Russian Professional Football League. Before that Pskov was represented in the Russian professional leagues by FC Mashinostroitel Pskov — which was also named FC Elektron Pskov (1970), FC Pskov (1998–2000) and FC Pskov-2000 (2001–2005). FC Pskov-747 was known as SC 747 Pskov in 2006 and 2007.

The club was owned by the Sevastyanov family. Alexey Sevastyanov, the club founder is owner of the Avto-Alians-747 group of companies. 747 being a favourite number of his.

It dropped out of the PFL before the 2020–21 season. Their best result was 2nd place in Zone West of the Russian Second Division in 2012–12 season.
Agnia (beetle)
Agnia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

Agnia bakeri Aurivillius, 1927

Agnia casta Newman, 1842

Agnia clara Newman, 1842

Agnia eximia Pascoe, 1860

Agnia fasciata Pascoe, 1859

Agnia lucipor Breuning, 1982

Agnia molitor (Aurivillius, 1927)

Agnia pubescens Aurivillius, 1898

Agnia pulchra Aurivillius, 1891

Agnia pulchra
Agnia pulchra is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1891. It is known from the Philippines. It contains the variety Agnia pulchra var. sulphureomaculata.
Endurance Glacier
Endurance Glacier is a broad glacier north of Mount Elder, draining south-east to the south coast of Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, and is the main discharge glacier on the island. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after HMS Endurance (Captain P.W. Buchanan, Royal Navy), which anchored off the glacier on several occasions in support of the Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island, 1970–71.

Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island
The Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island was a British scientific surveying and mountaineering expedition to Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It took place from December 1970 to March 1971. Except for one civilian from the British Antarctic Survey, the 14 participants were serving members of the British Armed Forces under the leadership of Commander Malcolm Burley of the Royal Navy. The expedition was sponsored by the Joint Services Expedition Trust with the aim of climbing, exploring and carrying out a preliminary scientific survey of islands in the Elephant group for the Directorate of Overseas Surveys. The expedition was transported to and from the island by HMS Endurance. During the course of the expedition several mountains were climbed for the first time and numerous place-names were recommended for geographic features on the island.
Bronkhorst
Bronkhorst is a city in the municipality of Bronckhorst, Gelderland, the Netherlands and, with only 157 inhabitants (2010), one of the smallest cities in the Netherlands (after Staverden, Eembrugge and Sint Anna ter Muiden).

Bronckhorst
Bronckhorst (pronounced [ˈbrɔŋkɦɔrst] ⓘ) is a municipality in Gelderland, the Netherlands. The municipality is the result of a merger of the former municipalities Hengelo, Hummelo en Keppel, Steenderen, Vorden and Zelhem, on 1 January 2005. The municipality is named after the medieval castle of the Bronckhorst family, who once ruled the area.

The seat of the municipality is Hengelo.
Lower Providence Township, Pennsylvania
Lower Providence Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township is located approximately 17 miles northwest of Philadelphia. The population was 25,625 at the 2020 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Unified Font Object
The Unified Font Object (UFO) is an XML-based source file format for digital fonts. It was created by Tal Leming, Just van Rossum and Erik van Blokland. Contributors to the format also include Ben Kiel and Frederik Berlaen. According to its creators, the UFO is a "future proof" open format that is designed to be "application independent", "human readable and human editable".

Property list
In the macOS, iOS, NeXTSTEP, and GNUstep programming frameworks, property list files are files that store serialized objects.  Property list files use the filename extension .plist, and thus are often referred to as p-list files.

Property list files are often used to store a user's settings.  They are also used to store information about bundles and applications, a task served by the resource fork in the old Mac OS.

Property lists are also used for localization strings for development. These files use the .strings or .stringsdict extensions. The former is a "reduced" old-style plist containing only one dictionary without the braces (see propertyListFromStringsFileFormat), while the latter is a fully fledged plist. Xcode also uses a .pbxproj extension for old-style plists used as project files.
WWII/Korea LVT Museum
The WWII/Korea LVT Museum is located in a Quonset hut-style building at Camp Del Mar, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California, near the Assault Amphibian School Battalion Training Command. It houses exhibits on landing vehicles tracked (LVTs) from World War II and the Korean War, including six vintage models used by the US Marine Corps. The museum highlights the service of the "Alligator" Marines during the amphibious assaults of World War II and the Korean War. In 1996, the museum won the prestigious Colonel John H. Magruder III Award from the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation.

Quonset hut
A Quonset hut /ˈkwɒnsɪt/ is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel with a semi-circular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I.  170,000 Quonset huts were manufactured during World War II, and the military sold its surplus huts to the public after the war.  The name comes from the site of their first deployment at Quonset Point at the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center in Davisville, Rhode Island.