hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open letter to Gorbachev
On November 7, 1990, an open letter to then President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev was published and signed by a rank of thirty Western sources, most of whom were academics. The full title of the document was Socialise the Rent: An Open Letter to Mikhail Gorbachev. The contents of the letter made the argument to the Soviet head of state that while moving the Economy of the Soviet Union away from a centrally planned system towards a free market mixed economy was a step forward, they warned the leader against following through with what the West had done following the end of feudalism; privatising the land itself, instead opting towards a Georgist system of common ownership and the collection of public revenue through land value taxation. Nobel prize-winners Franco Modigliani, James Tobin, Robert Solow and William Vickrey were among the letter's signees.

President of the Soviet Union
The president of the Soviet Union (Russian: Президент Советского Союза, romanized: Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик), abbreviated as president of the USSR (Президент СССР), was the executive head of state of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the only person to occupy this office. Gorbachev was also General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between March 1985 and August 1991. He derived an increasingly large share of his power from his position as president through his resignation as General Secretary following the 1991 coup d'état attempt.
Philichthyidae
Philichthyidae is a family of copepods, containing the following genera:

Colobomatoides Essafi & Raibaut, 1980

Colobomatus Hesse, 1873

Ichthyotaces Shiino, 1932

Leposphilus Hesse, 1866

Lernaeascus Claus, 1886

Philichthys Steenstrup, 1862

Procolobomatus Castro-Romero & Baeza-Kurok, 1994

Sarcotaces Olsson, 1872

Sphaerifer Richiardi, 1874

Sarcotaces
Sarcotaces is a genus of copepods, containing the following species:

Sarcotaces arcticus Collett, 1874

Sarcotaces japonicus Izawa, 1974

Sarcotaces komaii Shiino, 1953

Sarcotaces namibiensis Reimer, 1991

Sarcotaces pacificus Komai, 1924

Sarcotaces shiinoi Izawa, 1974

Sarcotaces verrucosus Olsson, 1872
Franc
The franc is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription francorum rex (King of the Franks) used on early French coins  and until the 18th century, or from the French franc, meaning "frank" (and "free" in certain contexts, such as coup franc, "free kick").

The countries that use francs today include Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and most of Francophone Africa. The Swiss franc is a major world currency today due to the prominence of Swiss financial institutions.

Before the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, francs were also used in France, Belgium and Luxembourg, while Andorra and Monaco accepted the French franc as legal tender (Monégasque franc). The franc was also used in former French colonies including Algeria and Cambodia. The franc is sometimes Italianised or Hispanicised as the franco, for instance in Luccan franco.

Monégasque franc
The franc (unofficially MCF) was the official currency of the Principality of Monaco until 1995 (de facto, 1996 de jure), when it changed to the French franc which was replaced by the euro in 2002. The franc was subdivided into 100 centimes or 10 décimes. The Monégasque franc circulated alongside the French franc with the same value. Like the French franc, the Monégasque franc was revalued in 1960 at a rate of 100 old francs = 1 new franc. The official euro-to-franc exchange rate was MCF 6.55957 to EUR 1.

Today, Monégasque coins have only numismatic value, including the fleurs de coins, or proof-like coins. The period for exchange of the coins for euros has expired.

The Monégasque franc was legal tender in Monaco, France and Andorra.
Parshall–Hankins Airport
Parshall–Hankins Airport (FAA LID: Y74) is a public use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) south of the central business district of Parshall, a city in Mountrail County, North Dakota, United States. It is owned by the Parshall Airport Authority. Parshall is located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, home to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a general aviation facility.

Fort Berthold Indian Reservation
The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation is a U.S. Indian reservation in western North Dakota that is home for the federally recognized Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes. The reservation includes lands on both sides of the Missouri River. The tribal headquarters is in New Town, the 18th largest city in North Dakota.

Created in 1870, the reservation is a small part of the lands originally reserved to the tribes by the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, which allocated nearly 12 million acres (49,000 km2) in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Nebraska and Wyoming.
1999 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 53 kg
The women's featherweight event (53 kilograms) is the second women's weight class event at the weightlifting competition, limited to competitors with a maximum of 53 kilograms of body mass. The competition at the 1999 World Weightlifting Championships took place in Athens, Greece on November 21, 1999.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

1999 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1999 World Weightlifting Championships were held at Peace and Friendship Stadium in Piraeus, Athens, Greece from November 21 to November 28, 1999.

It was the main qualifying events in the sport for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Australian Antarctic Division
The Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) is a division of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment & Water. The division undertakes science programs and research projects to contribute to an understanding of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. It conducts and supports collaborative research programs with other Australian and international organisations, such as the Bureau of Meteorology and Geoscience Australia, as well as administering and maintaining a presence in Australian Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories.

Their website includes articles on the Antarctic wildlife, threats, guidelines and they have blogs written by Australians at the three Australian bases in Antarctica: Mawson, Davis and Casey.

Geoscience Australia
Geoscience Australia is a statutory agency of the Australian Government that conducts geoscientific research. The agency is the government's technical adviser on aspects of geoscience, and serves as the repository of geographic and geological data collated by the Commonwealth.

On a user pays basis, the agency offers geospatial services, including topographic maps and satellite imagery. It is also a major contributor to the Australian Government's free, open data collections such as data.gov.au and portal.ga.gov.au.
1874 St Ives by-election
The 1874 St Ives by-election was fought on 28 December 1874.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Davenport.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Praed who received 617 votes against Liberal candidate Sir Francis Lycett's 552 votes. During the  election, the town held a holiday, with shops closed and ships not leaving harbour.

Praed's election was later declared void, resulting in a further by-election in 1875, where Praed was returned again to the seat.

St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)
St Ives is a parliamentary constituency covering the western end of Cornwall, including the Isles of Scilly. The constituency has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Andrew George, a Liberal Democrat; George previously represented the constituency from 1997 to 2015.
Euro Players Tour Championship 2010/2011 – Event 2
The Euro Players Tour Championship 2010/2011 – Event 2 was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 30 September–3 October 2010 at the Boudewijn Seapark in Bruges, Belgium.

Shaun Murphy won in the final 4–2 against Matthew Couch.

Players Tour Championship 2010/2011
The Players Tour Championship 2010/2011 started on 24 June 2010 and ended on 20 March 2011 with events held in Sheffield and Europe. The televised finals took place between the top 24 Order of Merit players, who have played at least 6 events (3 PTC and 3 EPTC).
Baldwin of Ibelin, bailli of Jerusalem
Baldwin of Ibelin (born c. 1245; died 1286/1287) was a nobleman of the Kingdom of Cyprus. A member of the House of Ibelin, he was a son of Guy, constable of Cyprus, and a brother of Queen Isabella. He was thus the maternal uncle of King Henry II of Cyprus, whom he served as constable of Cyprus.

In 1277, Nicholas Aleman, lord of Caesarea, murdered Baldwin's brother John in a feud. In revenge, Baldwin, by then already constable, killed Nicholas, who happened to be married to a distant cousin, Isabella, daughter of John II of Beirut.

On 24 June 1286, the teen-aged Henry II sailed to claim the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The fleet and Henry's knights were under the command of Baldwin. Henry was crowned as King of Jerusalem at Tyre in August and then moved on to Acre. He returned to Cyprus in November, but Baldwin stayed behind as the royal bailiff. He was dead by January 1287, when Henry II endowed masses for his soul in the Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom, Nicosia.

House of Ibelin
The House of Ibelin was a noble family in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. They rose from relatively humble beginnings to become one of the most important families in the kingdom, holding various high offices and with extensive holdings in the Holy Land and Cyprus. The family disappeared after the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in the 15th century.
Ixia patens
Ixia patens is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Ixia and is part of the renosterveld. The species is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs in a small area between Villiersdorp and Worcester. The plant is threatened by crop cultivation.

Renosterveld
Renosterveld is a term used for one of the major plant communities and vegetation types of the Cape Floristic Region (Cape Floral Kingdom) which is located in southwestern and southeastern South Africa, in southernmost Africa. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.
Østerbro Stadium
Østerbro Stadium is a combined football and athletics stadium in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the home of the football clubs Boldklubben af 1893 and BK Skjold and it is also the home stadium of the athletics clubs Københavns Idræts Forening and Sparta. It has a capacity of approximately 3,800. The stadium was used for the 2009 World Outgames.

Boldklubben af 1893
Boldklubben af 1893, commonly referred to as B.93, is a football club based in Østerbro, Copenhagen, Denmark. The team competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second level of the Danish football league system. The club has won nine league titles and one Danish Cup.

B.93 was originally founded as a cricket club on 19 May 1893, and was named Cricketklubben af 1893 at its inception. Football was introduced in 1896, at which point the club adopted its current name. Tennis was added in 1901. The cricket division was later discontinued, but the football and tennis divisions remain among the country's larger clubs by membership.

The club's football division, with 1,834 members, was the fifth-largest football club under DBU Copenhagen in Denmark in 2023.
1960 NAIA World Series
The 1960 NAIA World Series was the fourth annual tournament hosted by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to determine the national champion of baseball among its member colleges and universities in the United States and Canada.

The tournament was played at Soos Park in Sioux City, Iowa.

Whitworth (20-8) defeated Georgia Southern (21-11) in the championship series, 4–0, to win the Pirates' first NAIA World Series.

Washburn pitcher, and future MLB player and two-time World Series champion with the St. Louis Cardinals, Ray Washburn was named tournament MVP.

NAIA World Series
The NAIA World Series (officially branded as the Avista NAIA World Series for sponsorship purposes from 2013) is a double-elimination tournament, held since 1957, to determine the baseball champion of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Since 2000, the tournament has been held at Harris Field on the campus of Lewis–Clark State College (LCSC) in Lewiston, Idaho, having previously hosted from 1984 to 1991.
2025 Davao City local elections
Local elections were held in Davao City on May 12, 2025, as part of the 2025 Philippine general election. The city electorate elected a mayor, a vice mayor, 24 members of the Davao City Council, and three district
representatives to the House of Representatives.

The elections were notable for featuring the political comeback of former President Rodrigo Duterte, who was seeking to return to the post he had previously held for over 22 years, despite awaiting trial in The Hague for crimes against humanity for his role in the Philippine drug war.

Davao City's 1st congressional district
Davao City's 1st congressional district is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in Davao City. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district covers the city's poblacion or downtown commercial core composed of 40 barangays and Talomo district that borders it to the west which consists of 14 barangays. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Paolo Duterte of the Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod (HTL).
Paul A. MacDonald
Paul A. MacDonald (1912 – April 27, 2006) was an American politician and lawyer from Maine. A Republican, McDonald was elected by the Maine Legislature as the 40th Secretary of State of Maine from 1961 to 1964. He was born in rural Jefferson, Maine and prior to serving as Secretary of State, served as Clerk to the Legal Affairs Committee of the Maine Legislature and as a Deputy Secretary of State. After leaving the Secretary of State position, he served as a state district court judge for decades.

Secretary of State of Maine
The secretary of state of Maine is a constitutional officer in the U.S. state of Maine and serves as the head of the Maine Department of State. The secretary of state performs duties of both a legislative branch as well as an executive branch officer. The role oversees areas that include motor vehicle licensing, state identification, record keeping, and corporate chartering.

The secretary of state is elected biannually by ballot of members of both houses of the Maine Legislature assembled together, identical in procedure to its neighbor, New Hampshire. The position is elected at the start of the first session of the Maine Legislature, which also sits for a two-year term, concurrent with the other constitutional officers of Maine.

The incumbent secretary of state is Shenna Bellows, who took office on  January 4, 2021.
Bartolomeo I della Scala
Bartolomeo I della Scala (died 7 or 8 March 1304) was lord of Verona from 1301, a member of the Scaliger family and protector of Dante during his exile from Florence.

Bartolomeo was a son of Alberto I della Scala, who during his rule (1277–1301) established Scaliger rule over Verona as a hereditary lordship.  Possibly as early as 1293, Alberto associated Bartolomeo with him in ruling the city. As a result, when Alberto died in 1301, Bartolomeo immediately succeeded him as "Captain and Rector" of the gastalds and people of Verona. During his brief rule, Bartolomeo further consolidated Scaliger control, depriving the council of the guilds from its last remaining authority.

He had married in 1291 Costanza di Antiochia, daughter of Corrado d'Antiochia.

Bartolomeo died on 7 or 8 March 1304 and was succeeded by his brother Alboino.

Scaliger
The House of Della Scala, whose members were known as Scaligeri (Italian: [skaˈliːdʒeri]) or Scaligers (/ˈskælɪdʒərz/), was the ruling family of Verona and mainland Veneto (except for Venice) from 1262 to 1387, for a total of 125 years.
Estonian Museum of Applied Art and Design
Estonian Museum of Applied Art and Design (ETDM, Estonian: Eesti Tarbekunsti- ja Disainimuuseum) is a museum dedicated to the history of applied arts and design in Estonia. Located in Tallinn, the museum was established in 1971, and opened in 1980 as part of the Estonian National Art Museum branch. It became independent in 2004.

Art Museum of Estonia
The Art Museum of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Kunstimuuseum) was established in 1919. Originally based in Kadriorg Palace, the museum has expanded across several sites and today exhibits both international and local art works. At the end of the 1970s, in the 1980s the first branches of the Art Museum of Estonia were founded. Starting in 1995, all of the branches offer different educational programmes for children and young people. In 1996, the exhibition hall on the first floor of Rotermann Salt Storage was opened; this branch was closed in May 2005.
The Return (Sampa the Great album)
The Return is the debut studio album by Zambian singer-songwriter and rapper Sampa the Great. It was released in September 2019 and peaked at number 12 on the ARIA Charts.

At the J Awards of 2019, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.

In February 2020, the album won the Australian Music Prize 2019 and in doing so, Sampa the Great became the first musician to win the award twice.

At the AIR Awards of 2020, the album won Best Independent Hip Hop Album or EP. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2020, the album received four nominations, including Album of the Year. Sampa the Great won Best Female Artist, Best Independent Release and Best Hip Hop Release for The Return. At the Music Victoria Awards of 2020, the album won Best Soul, Funk, R'n'B and Gospel Album and Best Album.

Hiatus Kaiyote
Hiatus Kaiyote (/haɪˈeɪtəs keɪˈjoʊti/ hy-AY-təs kay-YOH-tee) is an Australian jazz/funk band formed in Melbourne in 2011, made up of singer/guitarist Nai Palm, bassist Paul Bender, keyboardist Simon Mavin, and drummer Perrin Moss. Their albums include Choose Your Weapon (2015), Mood Valiant (2021), and Love Heart Cheat Code (2024).
2018 World Para Swimming European Championships – Women's 100 metres backstroke
The women's 100 metres backstroke at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships was held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin from 13 to 19 August.  9 classification finals are held in all over this event.

2018 World Para Swimming European Championships
The 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2018 World Para Swimming Allianz European Championships took place in Dublin, Ireland from 13 to 19 August 2018. It was the 5th edition of the Championships, the first under the new World Para Swimming branding, and the first time Ireland had hosted. Ukraine topped the medal table for the fourth time in a row.

Formerly the IPC Swimming European Championships, this was the first edition of the championships since IPC undertook a rebrand of all sports for which they are the governing body, including the 'World Para' title for the committees running each sport. IPC Swimming was rebranded World Para Swimming in 2016; its first World Para Swimming Championships were held in 2017, and the European Championships followed suit in 2018.
Irish Republican Army–Abwehr collaboration
The Irish Republican Army (IRA), a paramilitary group seeking to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and unify Ireland, shared intelligence with the Abwehr, the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, during the Second World War.

Seamus O'Donovan
James O'Donovan (Irish: Séamus Ó Donnabháin; 3 November 1896 – 4 June 1979), also known as Seamus or Jim O'Donovan, was a leading volunteer in the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and agent in Ireland for the Abwehr. He fought in the Irish War of Independence and then on the Anti-Treaty side during the Irish Civil War serving as the IRA Director of Munitions and chemicals. O'Donovan is best known for his contacts with the Abwehr intelligence of Nazi Germany.
Saxman, Alaska
Saxman (Lingít: T’èesh Ḵwáan Xagu) is a town on Revillagigedo Island in Ketchikan Gateway Borough in southeastern Alaska, United States. As of the 2020 census, Saxman had a population of 384.

Saxman is the headquarters of the Organized Village of Saxman, a federally recognized tribe of Tlingit Native Americans.

The city of Ketchikan lies just to its northwest.

Tlingit
The Tlingit or Lingít (/ˈtlɪŋkɪt, ˈklɪŋkɪt/ ⓘ TLING-kit, KLING-kit) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Tlingit people are Alaska Natives and First Nations in Canada. Their mother tongue is the Tlingit language, a Na-Dene language.

The Tlingit have a matrilineal kinship system, with children born into the mother's clan, and property and hereditary roles passing through the mother's line. Their culture and society developed in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaskan coast and the Alexander Archipelago. The Tlingit have maintained a complex hunter-gatherer culture based on semi-sedentary management of fisheries. Hereditary slavery was practiced extensively until it was outlawed by the United States Government. The Inland Tlingit live in the far northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and the southern Yukon in Canada. Taku Tlingit live in British Columbia and Alaska.
Leyburn, Queensland
Leyburn (pronounced Lee-burn) is a rural town in the Southern Downs Region and a locality split between the South Downs Region and the Toowoomba Region in Queensland, Australia.
In the 2021 census, the locality of Leyburn had a population of 566.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Varik
Varik is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and lies about 8 km south of Tiel.

Varik was a separate municipality until 1978, when it became a part of Neerijnen.

West Betuwe
West Betuwe is a municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland.
West Betuwe had 51.948 inhabitants on 1 January 2022.

The municipality was formed on 1 January 2019 by the merger of the municipalities Geldermalsen, Neerijnen, Lingewaal.