hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) is a leading conference in the area of natural language processing and artificial intelligence. Along with the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL), it is one of the three primary high impact conferences for natural language processing research. EMNLP is organized by the ACL special interest group on linguistic data (SIGDAT) and was started in 1996, based on an earlier conference series called Workshop on Very Large Corpora (WVLC).

As of 2021, according to Microsoft Academic, EMNLP is the 14th most cited conference in computer science, with a citation count of 332,738, between ICML (#13) and ICLR (#15).

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Schio massacre
The Schio massacre was a mass prisoner killing carried out by former Italian partisans of the Garibaldi Brigade and officers of the Auxiliary Partisan Police in the city jail of Schio on the night of 6–7 July 1945. Of the 54 people who were killed, only 27 of them were fascist supporters or had collaborated with the Germans. The massacre was investigated by the Allies and two trials with convictions followed.

Brigate Garibaldi
The Brigate Garibaldi or Garibaldi Brigades were partisan units aligned with the Italian Communist Party active in the armed resistance against both German and Italian fascist forces during World War II.

The Brigades were mostly made up of communists, but also included members of other parties of the National Liberation Committee (CLN), in particular the Italian Socialist Party. Led by Luigi Longo and Pietro Secchia, they were the largest of the partisan groups and suffered the highest number of losses. Members wore a red handkerchief around the neck with red stars on their hats.
Robert Kolb
Robert Kolb is Distinguished Professor and Research Fellow at Christ School of Theology at the Institute of Lutheran Theology, professor emeritus of Systematic Theology at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Missouri, and a world-renowned authority on Martin Luther and the history of the Reformation.

Concordia University, St. Paul
Concordia University, St. Paul is a private university in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1893 and enrolls nearly 5,900 students. It is a member of the Concordia University System, which is operated by the second-largest Lutheran church body in the United States, the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod. The school was a two-year college until 1964. The name Concordia University, St. Paul was adopted in 1997.
Cwm-yr-Eglwys
Cwm-yr-Eglwys (English: Valley of the Church) is a hamlet in a picturesque cove on the eastern side of the Dinas Island peninsula in the community of Dinas Cross between Fishguard and Newport, Pembrokeshire, in southwest Wales. It has a full-time population of around 10 people. There are 27 homes and a small private caravan site.

Fishguard
Fishguard (Welsh: Abergwaun, meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 3,400 (rounded to the nearest 100) as of the 2021 census. Modern Fishguard consists of two parts, Lower Fishguard and the "Main Town". Fishguard and Goodwick are twin towns with a joint Town Council.

Lower Fishguard is believed to be the site of the original hamlet from which modern Fishguard has grown. It is in a deep valley where the River Gwaun meets the sea, hence the Welsh name for Fishguard. It is a typical fishing village with a short tidal quay. The settlement stretches along the north slope of the valley.

The main town contains the parish church, the High Street and most of the modern development, and lies upon the hill to the south of Lower Fishguard, to which it is joined by a steep and winding road. The west part of the town that faces Goodwick grew in the first decade of the 20th century with the development of Fishguard Harbour.
Film Festival of Faculty of Informatics
Film Festival of Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University (FFFIMU, formerly Film Festival of Faculty of Informatics) is a student film festival held annually in May at the Faculty of Informatics of the Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic. Short films of various genres produced by students with an assistance of Laboratory of Electronic and Multimedia Application (LEMMA) are showcased during one festival evening. The festival is held in the building of the Faculty of Informatics and from 2016 - 2023 also in the University Cinema Scala. Each year 800–1000 visitors attend to see the new student projects. Initially, the festival was supervised by the dean of the Faculty of Informatics, since 2011 by the mayor of Brno as well.

University Cinema Scala
University Cinema Scala is a cinema in Brno in the Czech Republic. It is located at Moravské náměstí (Moravian Square) in the basement of building 127/3, city quarter Brno-střed and neighbourhood Brno-město. It has been in operation since 1929 and was at times also called Bio Dopz and Kino Moskva (Moscow Cinema). Since the autumn of 2013, it has been run by Masaryk University and the Aeropolis company as the first university cinema in the Czech Republic. Besides regular film screenings, it also serves as a representative space and a lecture and conference hall used for academic purposes.
William Howard (judge)
Sir William Howard (by 1225 – 1308) of East Winch and Wiggenhall in Norfolk, England, was a lawyer who became a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He is the founder and earliest confirmed male-line ancestor of the House of Howard (Dukes of Norfolk), as is firmly established by  historical research.

Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk is a title in the Peerage of England. The premier non-royal peer, the Duke of Norfolk is additionally the premier duke and earl in the English peerage. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk. The current duke is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The dukes have historically been Catholic, a state of affairs known as recusancy in England.

All past and present dukes have been descended from Edward I. The son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, was Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey; the earl was descended from Edward III. As all subsequent dukes after Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk are descendants of the Earl of Surrey, this means they are also descended from Edward III.
Dragonriders of Pern (video game)
Dragonriders of Pern is a video game published by Epyx in 1983 based on Anne McCaffrey's book series of the same name. The game was released for the Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64.

The player acts as the ruler of a "weyr", a mountaintop redoubt where the people of the planet Pern raise dragons in order to protect against periodic invasions of deadly "thread" that falls from a nearby planet. The game is primarily a strategic one, in which the user attempts to form alliances, but it also includes an action portion where the player controls a dragon in an attempt to destroy falling thread.

The game was considered a forerunner of similar games based on novels. A sequel for the Commodore 64, Moreta: Dragonlady of Pern, was cancelled.

Epyx
Epyx, Inc. was an American video game developer and publisher active in the late 1970s and 1980s. The company was founded in 1978 as Automated Simulations by Jim Connelley and Jon Freeman, publishing a series of tactical combat games. The Epyx brand was introduced when the company branched out to a series of more action-oriented titles. In 1983, as these types of games now represented the majority of their product line, the company was renamed to match. Epyx published a long series of games through the 1980s. The company's assets are currently owned by Bridgestone Multimedia Group Global.
Ring flip
In organic chemistry, a ring flip (also known as a ring inversion or ring reversal) is the interconversion of cyclic conformers that have equivalent ring shapes (e.g., from a chair conformer to another chair conformer) that results in the exchange of nonequivalent substituent positions. The overall process generally takes place over several steps, involving coupled rotations about several of the molecule's single bonds, in conjunction with minor deformations of bond angles.  Most commonly, the term is used to refer to the interconversion of the two chair conformers of cyclohexane derivatives, which is specifically referred to as a chair flip, although other cycloalkanes and inorganic rings undergo similar processes.

Van der Waals strain
Van der Waals strain is strain resulting from Van der Waals repulsion when two substituents in a molecule approach each other with a distance less than the sum of their Van der Waals radii. 
Van der Waals strain is also called Van der Waals repulsion and is related to steric hindrance. One of the most common forms of this strain is eclipsing hydrogen, in alkanes.
Geology of Mars
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the solid parts of planets and moons. The term incorporates aspects of geophysics, geochemistry, mineralogy, geodesy, and cartography. A neologism, areology, from the Greek word Arēs (Mars), sometimes appears as a synonym for Mars's geology in the popular media and works of science fiction (e.g. Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars trilogy). The term areology is also used by the Areological Society.

Aeolian processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eoulian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).  Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials. They are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation, a lack of soil moisture and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts.

The term is derived from the name of the Greek god Aeolus, the keeper of the winds.
Anglo-German Friendship Committee
The Anglo-German Friendship Committee was a London-based association founded in 1905 to promote the improvement of cordial relations between Great Britain and Germany.

The Committee was launched on 1 December 1905 at a meeting in Caxton Hall, London. Its principal founders were the banker and politician Lord Avebury and the politician Lord Courtney. The pacifist Baroness Bertha von Suttner, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the same month, was also involved. F. W. Fox became the honorary secretary. The committee's establishment was welcomed by prominent German-Americans, who sent a telegram of support to the inaugural meeting. The German ambassador in London and the British ambassador in Berlin both also expressed their approval.

Embassy of Germany, London
The Embassy of Germany in London is the diplomatic mission of Germany in the United Kingdom. The embassy is located at Belgrave Square, in Belgravia. It occupies three of the original terraced houses in Belgrave Square and a late 20th-century extension.
Arslanghali
Arslanghali Khan (Volga Türki and Persian: ارسلان ابن علی خان; died 1627) was a khan of the Qasim Khanate from 1614 to 1627, and  a son of Ghali khan and a grandson of Kuchum. In 1598 he was captured by the Russians during Kuchum's final defeat. In the time of Troubles he with his father fought against the False Dmitriys. Supporting Mikhail Romanov, he became a khan in the vassal Qasim Khanate, but his rule was limited and rather formal: only the Muslims and Kasimov population obeyed him.

Kuchum Khan
Kuchum Khan (Turki and Persian: کوچم خان, Siberian Tatar: Kütsem; Күцем, Russian: Кучум; 1527-c. 1605) was the last khan of Siberia, reigning from 1563 to 1598.

Kuchum Khan's attempt to spread Islam and his cross-border raids met with vigorous opposition from Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible (r. 1547–1584).
Steven Stern (mathematician)
Steven Stern is a Professor of Data Science at the Bond Business School, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. He is the current custodian of Duckworth–Lewis method (D/L method), the mathematical formulation designed to calculate the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs cricket match interrupted by weather or other circumstances. The D/L method was devised by two English statisticians, Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis.

Since November 2014, after the retirement of Frank Duckworth and Tony Lewis, Steven Stern has been taking care of maintenance and upgrades in this methodology. Duckworth–Lewis method has been renamed as Duckworth-Lewis-Stern (or DLS) method.

Stern has previously been the ABS Professor of Statistics at Queensland University of Technology.

Frank Duckworth
Frank Carter Duckworth MBE (26 December 1939 – 21 June 2024) was an English statistician who co-developed the Duckworth–Lewis method of resetting targets in limited overs cricket matches interrupted by weather or other circumstances.
Yeidji
The Yeidji, also spelt Yiiji and other variants, commonly known as  Gwini or Kwini, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley area of Western Australia, who also self-identify as  Balanggarra.

Band society
A band society, sometimes called a camp, or in older usage, a horde, is the simplest form of human society. A band generally consists of a small kin group, no larger than an extended family or clan. The general consensus of modern anthropology sees the average number of members of a social band at the simplest level of foraging societies with generally a maximum size of 30 to 50 people.
Low Moor F.C.
Low Moor F.C. was an English association football club, from Clitheroe, Lancashire.  The club was sometimes called Clitheroe Low Moor or Low Moor (Clitheroe), but Low Moor was the club's self-reported name.

Clitheroe
Clitheroe (/ˈklɪðəroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located 34 miles (55 km) north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.

The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.
South Somercotes
South Somercotes is a village and civil parish 8 miles (13 km) north-east from Louth and approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south from North Somercotes, Lincolnshire, England. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Scupholme.

The former Anglican church is dedicated to St Peter and is often called the "Queen of the Marsh" due to its lofty spire serving as a landmark for seaman.

The ecclesiastical parish is shared with North Somercotes and is part of the Somercotes and Grainthorpe with Conisholme group of the Deanery of Louthesk, Diocese of Lincoln. The incumbent (2013) is the Revd Sue Allison.

Louth, Lincolnshire
Louth (/laʊθ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Louth serves as an important town for a large rural area of eastern Lincolnshire. Visitor attractions include St James' Church, Hubbard's Hills, the market, many independent retailers, and Lincolnshire's last remaining cattle market.
2019–20 Saint Peter's Peacocks men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Saint Peter's Peacocks men's basketball team represented Saint Peter's University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Peacocks, led by 2nd-year head coach Shaheen Holloway, played their home games at Yanitelli Center in Jersey City, New Jersey as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 18–12 overall, 14–6 in MAAC play to finish in second place. As the #2 seed in the MAAC tournament, they defeated #7 seed Iona 56–54 in the quarterfinals. However, the semifinals and championship game, and all postseason tournaments, were cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

2020 MAAC men's basketball tournament
The 2020 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, played at the Jim Whelan Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey for the first time in MAAC history. The tournament was cancelled on March 12, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Already underway at the time of the announcement, the tournament was stalled in the midst of the quarterfinals, with Siena and St. Peter's having already qualified for the semifinals. This would have given the Saints their first NCAA Tournament Bid since 2010, when they won three straight MAAC Tournaments. However, the NCAA cancelled the tournament later in the day.

The defending champions were the Iona Gaels.
The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1627
The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company  is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch artist Frans Hals, painted from 1626 - 1627, during the Dutch Golden Age. Today, the piece is considered one of the main attractions of the Frans Hals Museum.

This group portrait or schuttersstuk of the St. George (or St. Joris) civic guard of Haarlem serves as the celebration of a banquet for the officers, commemorating their end of service.

Hals's group portraiture is well known for its unique and groundbreaking approach to group portraits, using spontaneous and loose brushstrokes, along with expert use of color that create lively visuals and palpable interaction among the officers within the piece.

Schutterij
Schutterij (Dutch pronunciation: [sxʏtəˈrɛi] ⓘ) refers to a voluntary city guard or citizen militia in the medieval and early modern Netherlands, intended to protect the town or city from attack and act in case of revolt or fire. Their training grounds were often on open spaces within the city, near the city walls, but, when the weather did not allow, inside a church.  They are mostly grouped according to their district and to the weapon that they used: bow, crossbow or gun.  Together, its members are called a Schuttersgilde, which could be roughly translated as a "shooter's guild". It is now a title applied to ceremonial shooting clubs and to the country's Olympic rifle team.
Peter Van de Graaff
Peter Van de Graaff (born November 9, 1961) is an American singer and radio personality. He is best known as the host of the Beethoven Satellite Network (BSN) overnight classical music service, which is carried over approximately 150 radio stations across the USA.

Intermezzo
In music, an intermezzo (/ˌɪntərˈmɛtsoʊ/, Italian pronunciation: [interˈmɛddzo], plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work. In music history, the term has had several different usages, which fit into two general categories: the opera intermezzo and the instrumental intermezzo.
Clássico das Colônias
The Clássico das Colônias is the name of the derby between Palmeiras and Portuguesa. A rivalry from the city of São Paulo, first disputed in 1921, it represents the game between teams from two of the largest immigrant colonies in the capital of São Paulo.

Palmeiras was founded by Italian immigrants in 1914, under the name Palestra Itália, and Portuguesa, as the name suggests, by representatives of the Portuguese immigrant community, in 1920. Palmeiras play at the Allianz Parque, while Portuguesa play at the Estádio do Canindé, with the two grounds being separated by approximately 7 km. The teams have played 268 matches in all competitions, including friendlies; Palmeiras won 128 matches, while Portuguesa won 67, and the remaining 73 have been drawn.

Estádio do Canindé
The Estádio do Canindé, also known as Estádio Oswaldo Teixeira Duarte, is a football stadium inaugurated on January 11, 1956 in Canindé neighborhood, São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil. The stadium is owned by Associação Portuguesa de Desportos. Its formal name honors Oswaldo Teixeira Duarte, a former president of Portuguesa.

Although the stadium's maximum capacity is 28,500 people, it has been artificially capped to 21,004.
Waldemar Grazziotin Municipal Stadium
The Waldemar Grazziotin Municipal Stadium is a football stadium located in the Brazilian city of Antônio Prado, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It seats 2,300 people.

It was first used by Pradense and then hosted friendlies for other clubs with SER Caxias.

Clube Atlético Pradense
Clube Atlético Pradense is a Brazilian football team from the city of Antônio Prado, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It was founded on 6 June 1918. Atlético Pradense is one of the biggest football clubs in Serra Gaúcha, having won the  Campeonato Gaúcho from the 3rd division, in 1981. Known as the Leão da Serra, its colors are green and white.

Their uniform is very similar to that of Juventude, from Caxias do Sul. Their games are held at the Waldemar Grazziotin Municipal Stadium, with a capacity for 2,300 people. The club has been inactive since 2000 due to lack of resources, but returned to the field in 2012 to compete in the Copa RS and the 2nd division of Gauchão. In recent years, a sponsorship agreement has been signed with businessman and artist Gabriel, Pensador, which has helped a lot in Pradense's return to the football scene.