hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Initiative on Cities
The Initiative on Cities (IOC or IoC) is an interdisciplinary center at Boston University. It serves as a hub for urban research and experiential learning, and engages with urban leaders, policymakers, academics, communities, and students worldwide to work toward sustainable, just, and inclusive urban transformation.

The Initiative is located at 75 Bay State Road in a historic brownstone on the Charles River Campus of Boston University.

National League of Cities
The National League of Cities (NLC) is an American advocacy organization that represents the country's 19,495 cities, towns, and villages along with 49 state municipal leagues. Created in 1924, it has evolved into a membership organization providing education, research, support, and advocacy to city leaders across America. Based in Washington, D.C., it is considered part of the 'Big Seven', a group of organizations that represent state and local governments in the United States. NLC provides training and other resources to municipal officials, holds conferences, and conducts federal advocacy efforts on behalf of cities, towns and villages.

Today, NLC represents nearly 2,800 member cities as a convening organization, support network, and representative in federal affairs. Leading priorities for the group include the economy, infrastructure, public safety, technology, education, and families.
1977 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 83rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 11 September to 13 November 1977.

South Liberties entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Patrickswell in a semi-final replay.

The final was played on 13 November 1977 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Patrickswell and Killleedy, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Patrickswell won the match by 3–07 to 0–07 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in seven years.

Éamonn Grimes was the championship's top scorer with 1–19.

1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.

On 17 July 1887, Murroe won the championship following a 1–00 to 0–01 defeat of South Liberties in the final. This remains the club's only championship title.
Dufrenoya
Dufrenoya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Santalaceae. It includes 13 species which range from the Himalayas to south-central China, Indochina, and western Malesia.

Dufrenoya aurantiaca Stauffer

Dufrenoya collettii (Gamble) Stauffer

Dufrenoya euryphylla (Danser) Stauffer

Dufrenoya granulata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex A.DC.) Stauffer

Dufrenoya longicuneata Stauffer

Dufrenoya oresitropha (Danser) Stauffer

Dufrenoya papillosa Stauffer

Dufrenoya platyphylla (Spreng.) Stauffer

Dufrenoya poilanei Stauffer

Dufrenoya pruinosa Stauffer

Dufrenoya robusta Stauffer

Dufrenoya sessilis (Craib) Stauffer

Dufrenoya sphaerocarpa (Danser) Stauffer

Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, the sandalwood family, are a family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are often unisexual or bisexual. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. They are widely distributed worldwide, primarily across temperate and tropical regions. Many members of Santalaceae have a long history of human use.
Labracetabulum
Labracetabulum is a genus of trematodes in the family Opecoelidae. Cribb's review of Labracetabulum synonymised it with Prolabria Reimer, 1987, which  led to the synonymisation of P. monocentris Reimer, 1987 to L. monocentris (Reimer, 1987) Cribb, 2005.

Opecoelidae
Opecoelidae is a family of trematodes. It is the largest digenean family with over 90 genera and nearly 900 species, almost solely found in marine and freshwater teleost fishes. It was considered by Bray et al. to belong in the superfamily Opecoeloidea Ozaki, 1925 or the Brachycladioidea Odhner, 1905.
Franklin's electrostatic machine
Franklin's electrostatic machine is a high-voltage static electricity-generating device used by Benjamin Franklin in the mid-18th century for research into electrical phenomena. Its key components are a glass globe which turned on an axis via a crank, a cloth pad in contact with the spinning globe, a set of metal needles to conduct away the charge developed on the globe by its friction with the pad, and a Leyden jar – a high-voltage capacitor – to accumulate the charge. Franklin's experiments with the machine eventually led to new theories about electricity and inventing the lightning rod.

Static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away as an electric current or by electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor.

A static electric charge can be created whenever two surfaces contact and/or slide against each other and then separate. The effects of static electricity are familiar to most people because they can feel, hear, and even see sparks if the excess charge is neutralized when brought close to an electrical conductor (for example, a path to ground), or a region with an excess charge of the opposite polarity (positive or negative). The familiar phenomenon of a static shock – more specifically, an electrostatic discharge – is caused by the neutralization of a charge.
Aimbridge Hospitality
Aimbridge Hospitality is an American third-party hotel management company that manages over 1,100 hotels globally.

As of 2021, Aimbridge held 1,218 properties in its portfolio with a combined 171,019 rooms across all 50 states in the United States and 23 other countries.

Hotel manager
A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to: management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or "hotelier" often refers to the hotel's general manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's general manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations.
Rangitata Diversion Race
The Rangitata Diversion Race or RDR is a combined irrigation and power generation scheme that diverts water from the Rangitata River to irrigate over 75,000 ha (190,000 acres) of farmland in mid-Canterbury, in the South Island of New Zealand. The RDR project was the first major river diversion in New Zealand, and the largest irrigation scheme in the country. It was originally constructed by the Public Works Department between 1937 and 1944. The main canal is 67 km (42 mi) long, 10 m (33 ft) wide and 3 m (9.8 ft) deep.

The RDR supplies three community irrigation schemes, two hydroelectric power stations, the Ashburton District Council stockwater race system and various private stockwater and irrigation schemes.

Ashburton District Council
Ashburton District Council is the territorial authority for the Ashburton District of New Zealand. The council consists of the mayor of Ashburton and nine ward councillors.

The current mayor is Liz McMillan.
Omega Chemical Corporation
The Omega Chemical Corporation was a refrigerant and solvent recycling company that operated from 1976 to 1991 in Whittier, California.  Due to improper waste handling and removal, the soil and groundwater beneath the property became contaminated and the area is now referred to as the Omega Chemical Superfund Site. Cleanup of the site began in 1995 with the removal of hazardous waste receptacles and a multimillion-dollar soil vaporization detoxifying system.

Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
2023 Macedonian Open
The 2023 Macedonian Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Skopje, North Macedonia between 22 and 27 May 2023.

2023 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2023 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2023 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 196 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000. It was the 46th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 15th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Kanuku Mountains
The Kanuku Mountains are a group of mountains in Guyana, located in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo region. The name means 'forest' in the Wapishana language, a reference to the rich diversity of wildlife found there.  The Eastern Kanuku Mountains and the Western Kanuku Mountains are separated by the Rupununi River. In 2011, the mountains were designated National Protected Area.

Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo (Region 9) is a region of Guyana. It borders the region of Potaro-Siparuni to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, and Brazil to the south and west. It contains the town of Lethem, and the villages of Aishalton, Nappi and Surama. It is also the largest region of Guyana.

The Rupununi savannah, known for its large biodiversity  is located between the Rupununi River and the Brazilian border. Within the Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo there falls part of the Guianan savanna ecoregion.
A. E. Basden
Albert Edward Basden, MBE 1918, (? in Reading, Berks – 1948 in Durban)  was a philatelist who was a specialist in the stamps of South Africa and Transvaal in particular. In 1940, with J.H. Curle, he was awarded the Crawford Medal by the Royal Philatelic Society London for his work Transvaal Postage Stamps.

Basden was a President of the Pretoria Philatelic Society and a signatory to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of South Africa.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of Southern Africa
The Philatelic Federation of South Africa (PFSA) is responsible for inviting philatelists to sign the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of Southern Africa (RDPSA) (originally the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists of South Africa).

The roll is modelled on the original Roll of Distinguished Philatelists established in Great Britain in 1921, and the first signatory to the South African roll was Gilbert J. Allis in 1932.

Election to the roll is by a vote at the PFSA congress.

Signatories include Robson Lowe, Adrian Albert Jurgens and Harvey Pirie.
L.A.S.E.R. Tag
L.A.S.E.R. Tag is an open-source new media art system created by the Graffiti Research Lab (GRL) that allows users to draw on building facades with a laser pointer; the marks are tracked by computer vision software and projected back onto the structure at large scale. Evan Roth and James Powderly developed the hardware setup while Theodore Watson wrote the software, all three working as fellows at Eyebeam OpenLab in New York City. It debuted publicly in Rotterdam in February 2007 and went on to be exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and Tate Modern, among other venues.

Free Art and Technology Lab
The Free Art and Technology Lab (F.A.T. Lab) was a collective of artists, engineers, scientists, lawyers, and musicians, dedicated to the merging of popular culture with open source technology. F.A.T. Lab was known for producing artwork critical of traditional intellectual property law in the realm of new media art and technology. F.A.T. Lab has historically created work intended for the public domain, but has also released work under various open licenses. Their commitment is to support "open values and the public domain through the use of emerging open licenses, support for open entrepreneurship and the admonishment of secrecy, copyright monopolies and patents. F.A.T. Lab's mission has been approached through various methods of placing open ideals into the mainstream popular culture, including work with the New York Times, MTV, the front page of YouTube and in the Museum of Modern Art permanent collection."
Lithuania Davis Cup team
The Lithuania men's national tennis team represents Lithuania in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Lithuanian Tennis Association.

Lithuania has never been a tennis country – no tennis player from Lithuania entered ATP top 500 until 2008. However, the situation is changing in recent years. Currently young Lithuanian players are winning the greatest tennis victories in the history of Lithuania. As expected, this led to the increasing popularity of tennis in the country. Now, Lithuania has a few very high quality players.

In 2012 Lithuania competed in the third group of Davis Cup, where they won all three ties and got promoted to the second group. It played seven times  there. Also, it has competed in the third group for 13 times. And once have been promoted to group one, where Lithuania team is currently playing.

San Marino Davis Cup team
The San Marino Davis Cup team represents San Marino in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the San Marino Tennis Federation.

San Marino currently compete in the Group IV of Europe Zone and has never been promoted to the second group.

Sammarinese players hold numerous Davis Cup records, most notably: the all-time record for the number of Davis Cup rubbers played, at 141, held by Domenico Vicini; the record for the oldest player to ever play a Davis Cup rubber, at 66 years and 104 days, held by Vittorio Pellandra; and the record for the oldest player to play a Davis Cup rubber, at 13 years and 319 days, held by Marco De Rossi. The latter record cannot be broken under current rules, which only allow players aged 14 years or older to play.
Cementoblast
A cementoblast is a biological cell that forms from the follicular cells around the root of a tooth, and whose biological function is cementogenesis, which is the formation of cementum (hard tissue that covers the tooth root). The mechanism of differentiation of the cementoblasts is controversial but circumstantial evidence suggests that an epithelium or epithelial component may cause dental sac cells to differentiate into cementoblasts, characterised by an increase in length. Other theories involve Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) being involved.

Martha Somerman and her laboratory played a key role in identifying and characterizing cementoblasts, the cells responsible for forming cementum, a vital mineralized tissue covering tooth roots.

Epithelial root sheath
The Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) or epithelial root sheath is a proliferation of epithelial cells located at the cervical loop of the enamel organ in a developing tooth.  Hertwig epithelial root sheath initiates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth by causing the differentiation of odontoblasts from the dental papilla.  The root sheath eventually disintegrates with the periodontal ligament, but residual pieces that do not completely disappear are seen as epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM). These rests can become cystic, presenting future periodontal infections.
2025 Open de Vendée
The 2025 Open de Vendée was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 12th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Mouilleron-le-Captif, France between 29 September and 5 October 2025.

Open de Vendée
The Open de Vendée (formerly Internationaux de Tennis de Vendée) is a tennis tournament held in Mouilleron-le-Captif, France since 2013. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Tour and is played on indoor hardcourts.
AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China
AAAAA (Chinese: 国家5A级旅游景区; pinyin: Guójiā Wǔ "A" jí Lǚyóu Jǐngqū) is awarded to the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2025, there are 359 tourist attractions listed as 5A.

China National Tourism Administration
The China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) was a Chinese government authority responsible for the development of tourism affairs and was subordinate to the State Council.: 74  Its headquarters were in Beijing.
Thapa
Thapa is a surname used by multiple ethnic groups, including the Magar and Chhetri  (Kshatriya) communities. While the surname also exists among Rajput  groups in northern India. The surname Thapa was also widely used by the Magar  community during the era of the Magarat  confederations, where Magar  Thapas held roles as local rulers, military commanders, and administrators.

Kunwar family
The Kunwar family (Nepali: कुँवर परिवार) was a noble Khas-Chhetri family in the Gorkha Kingdom and the Kingdom of Nepal. The Kunwars were linked to the Thapa dynasty and family of Amar Singh Thapa by marital lineages and, thus, to Pande dynasty through the Thapa dynasty. Three branches of the Kunwars; Ramakrishna, Jayakrishna and Amar Singh Kunwar were formed with opposite political aspirations. Bal Narsingh Kunwar (of Ramkrishna section) supported Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa while Chandrabir Kunwar (of Jayakrishna section) supported Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa due to their marital relations with those families. Later, the Ramakrishna section of the family including Amarsingh established the Rana dynasty of Nepal and styled themselves as Rana Rajputs while Jayakrishna most section remained as Kunwars.
African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.

Spirit world (Spiritualism)
The spirit world, according to spiritualism, is the world or realm inhabited by spirits, both good or evil of various spiritual manifestations. This spirit world is regarded as an external environment for spirits. The Spiritualism religious movement in the nineteenth century espoused a belief in an afterlife where an individual's awareness persists beyond death. Although independent from one another, both the spirit world and the physical world are in constant interaction. Through séances, trances, and other forms of mediumship, these worlds can consciously communicate with each other. The spirit world is sometimes described by mediums from the natural world in trance.
The Granites Airport
The Granites Airport (IATA: GTS, ICAO: YTGT) is located at The Granites, a large gold mine in the Tanami Desert in the Northern Territory of Australia. A$5.1 million upgrade to the airport was completed in 2012, sealing the runway and allowing all-weather jet operations catering to approximately 950 Fly-in fly-out workers employed at the remote site. Additionally, the Royal Flying Doctor Service also use the airport for aeromedical flights supporting the surrounding region.

The Granites gold mine
The Granites, also known as the Tanami Mine, is a gold mine in the Tanami Desert of the Northern Territory of Australia. It has been operated by Newmont Mining since 2002. The mine is about 540 km (340 mi) north-west of Alice Springs.
Valle Crucis Abbey
Valle Crucis Abbey (Valley of the Cross) is a Cistercian abbey located in Llantysilio in Denbighshire, north Wales. More formally the Abbey Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Valle Crucis it is known in Welsh both as Abaty Glyn Egwestl and Abaty Glyn y Groes.
The abbey was built in 1201 by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, Prince of Powys Fadog. Valle Crucis was dissolved in 1537 during the dissolution of the monasteries, and subsequently fell into serious disrepair. The building is now a ruin, though large parts of the original structure still survive. Valle Crucis Abbey is now under the care of Cadw. The abbey received 5,690 visitors in 2018.

Cadw
Cadw ([ˈkadu], a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. Cadw works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. Cadw manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of Cadw to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.
Spectra fractalis
Spectra fractalis is an orchestral piece of classical music by the Spanish composer and pianist Gustavo Díaz-Jerez. Spectra fractalis was awarded unanimously the first prize at the 2018 Martín Chirino composition competition held by the Fundación de Arte y pensamiento Martín Chirino. Spectra fractalis is a one-movement work lasting about 7 minutes, merging elements from spectralism and algorithmic procedures.  It is inspired by Martín Chirino's iron sculpture Herramienta poética e inútil (right).  The jury praised the work's "...high level of creation, which employs modern techniques in a poetic way, and which adapts to the space and the sculpture".   It was premiered on September 21, 2018 at the Auditorio Alfredo Kraus by the Orquesta Filarmónica de Gran Canaria under the baton of its chief conductor Karel Mark Chichon on its premiere season concert.  It was very well received by audience and critics alike.

Martín Chirino
Martín Chirino López (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1 March 1925 – 11 March 2019) was a Spanish sculptor. Cofounder of the group El Paso (The Step) in 1957, Chirino worked mainly with iron and his work is categorized as abstract art.