hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paternoster Row
Paternoster Row is a street in the City of London that was a centre of the London publishing trade, with booksellers operating from the street. Paternoster Row was described as "almost synonymous" with the book trade. It was part of an area called St Paul's Churchyard.  In time Paternoster Row itself was used inclusively of various alleys, courts and side streets.  Largely destroyed during aerial bombing in World War II, the street's area is now the site of much of the post-war Paternoster Square development.

Religious Tract Society
The Religious Tract Society was a British evangelical Christian organization founded in 1799 and known for publishing a variety of popular religious and quasi-religious texts in the 19th century. The society engaged in charity as well as commercial enterprise, publishing books and periodicals for profit.

Periodicals published by the RTS included Boy's Own Paper, Girl's Own Paper and The Leisure Hour.  In 1935, it merged into what is today the United Society for Christian Literature.
Nardoa novaecaledoniae
Nardoa novaecaledoniae, commonly known as the yellow mesh sea star,  is a species of sea star in the family Ophidiasteridae. It is found in the Western Central Pacific Ocean, the Philippines, and around New Caledonia at a depth range of 0-30 m. It is found in tropical reefs.

Nardoa novaecaledoniae grows to a maximum of 25 cm in length.

Ophidiasteridae
The Ophidiasteridae (Greek ophidia, Οφιδια, "of snakes", diminutive form) are a family of sea stars with about 30 genera. Occurring both in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, ophidiasterids are greatest in diversity in the Indo-Pacific. Many of the genera in this family exhibit brilliant colors and patterns, which sometimes can be attributed to aposematism and crypsis to protect themselves from predators. Some ophidiasterids possess remarkable powers of regeneration, enabling them to either reproduce asexually or to survive serious damage made by predators or forces of nature (an example for this is the genus Linckia). Some species belonging to Linckia, Ophidiaster  and Phataria  shed single arms that regenerate the disc and the remaining rays to form a complete individual. Some of these also reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.

The name of the family is taken from the genus Ophidiaster, whose limbs are slender, semitubular and serpentine.
Mayor of Cape Town
The mayor of Cape Town is the head of the local government of Cape Town, South Africa. Currently, that government takes the form of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.

The mayoral position was established on 7 December 2000.

In the past, the position of mayor has varied between that of an executive mayor actively governing the city and that of a figurehead mayor with a mostly ceremonial role. The current mayor is Geordin Hill-Lewis of the Democratic Alliance (DA).

William Bantom
Rev. William Bantom (born 1946?) was mayor of Cape Town from 1995 to 2000. He was the city's first black mayor. He was elected in the first non-racial local government elections in 1995.

He was forced to resign as mayor and expelled from the New National Party in 2000 as a result of breaching company policies regarding appropriate use of work devices.

He is a minister in the Church of the Nazarene.
Kyashar
The Kyashar (also known as Thangnaktse and Peak 43) is a mountain peak (6769 m height) in the Khumbu region in Nepal, east of Namche Bazar in the so-called Hinku Himal. It is located within the Makalu-Barun National Park.

North of Kyashar lies the Kangtega (6783 m), southwest the Kusum Kangguru (6367 m), and the Mera Peak (6476 m) is 6.77 km southeast.

The Kyashar is connected to the Kantega via a ridge. On the west flank flows the Kyashar glacier.

Until 1983, the mountain was named "Peak 43". In 2017, the Nepalese authorities carried out a naming of mountains and other geographic locations, to "wipe out" a large number of Western names from the map, changing the name to "Kyashar". The mountain also is sometimes called Thangnaktse, and at a local level it is sometimes called Charpate, which means "square", describing the shape of mountain peak.

Mera Peak
Mera Peak is a mountain in the Mahalangur section, Barun sub-section of the Himalaya and administratively in Nepal's Sagarmatha Zone, Sankhuwasabha. At 6,476 metres (21,247 ft) it is classified as a trekking peak. It contains three main summits: Mera North, 6,476 metres (21,247 ft); Mera Central, 6,461 metres (21,198 ft); and Mera South, 6,065 metres (19,898 ft), as well as a smaller "trekking summit", visible as a distinct summit from the south but not marked on most maps of the region.

The height of Mera is often given as 6,654 metres (21,831 ft), and claimed to be the highest trekking peak. This figure actually points to nearby Peak 41, which was mistakenly named Mera in a list of Himalayan peaks, and the figures were copied to the official trekking peak list as they were, including the wrong location coordinates.
Cyclopentadienyl allyl palladium
Cyclopentadienyl allyl palladium is an organopalladium compound with formula (C5H5)Pd(C3H5). This reddish solid is volatile with an unpleasant odor. It is soluble in common organic solvents.  The molecule consists of a Pd centre sandwiched between a Cp and allyl ligands.

Organopalladium chemistry
Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond. Palladium is also prominent in carbon-carbon coupling reactions, as demonstrated in tandem reactions.
Bioenergetic systems
Bioenergetic systems are metabolic processes that relate to the flow of energy in living organisms. Those processes convert energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the form suitable for muscular activity. There are two main forms of synthesis of ATP: aerobic, which uses oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic, which does not. Bioenergetics is the field of biology that studies bioenergetic systems.

Phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated form of creatine that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell.
Viktor Kotsemyr
Viktor Frantsovych Kotsemyr (Ukrainian: Ві́ктор Фра́нцович Коцеми́р; 10 August 1952 – 15 December 2025) was a Ukrainian politician. A member of the Party of Regions, he served as governor of Vinnytsia Oblast from 2002 to 2004 and governor of Khmelnytskyi Oblast from 2004 to 2005.

Kotsemyr died on 15 December 2025, at the age of 73.

Governor of Khmelnytskyi Oblast
The governor of Khmelnytskyi Oblast is the head of executive branch for the Khmelnytskyi Oblast.

The office of governor is an appointed position, with officeholders being appointed by the president of Ukraine, on recommendation from the prime minister of Ukraine, to serve a four-year term.

The official residence for the governor is located in Khmelnytskyi. Reception of citizens is held at the following address: Khmelnytskyi, Independence Square, House of Soviets.
October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 20

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 1 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 6.

October 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 5 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 7

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on October 19 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 6th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on September 23.
Russia–Switzerland relations
Russia–Switzerland relations are foreign relations between Russia and Switzerland. Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946. Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, relations became tense after Switzerland imposed sanctions against Russia. Russia placed Switzerland on a list of "unfriendly countries".

Economy of Switzerland
The economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most advanced and a highly developed free market economy. The economy of Switzerland has ranked first in the world since 2015 on the Global Innovation Index and third in the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report. According to United Nations data for 2016, Switzerland is the third richest landlocked country in the world after Liechtenstein and Luxembourg. Together with the latter and Norway, they are the only three countries in the world with a nominal GDP per capita above US$90,000 that are neither island nations nor ministates. Among OECD nations, Switzerland holds the 3rd-largest GDP per capita. Switzerland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 24.1% of GDP.
J. B. Salsberg
Joseph Baruch (J.B.) Salsberg (November 5, 1902 – February 8, 1998) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Labor-Progressive member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1955 who represented the riding of St. Andrew in downtown Toronto. He was a longtime Communist and activist in the Jewish community.

Nathan Phillips (politician)
Nathan Phillips QC (7 November 1892 – 7 January 1976) was a Canadian politician who served as the 53rd mayor of Toronto from 1955 to 1962. A lawyer by training, Phillips was first elected to Toronto City Council in 1926. He is the city's first Jewish mayor, ending an unbroken string of Protestant mayors.
Sokolnicheskaya line
The Sokolnicheskaya line (Russian: Соко́льническая ли́ния, IPA: [sɐˈkolʲnʲitɕɪskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]pronunciationⓘ, formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Ки́ровско-Фру́нзенская) (Line 1; Red Line) is a line of the Moscow Metro in Moscow, Russia. It opened in 1935 and is the oldest line of the Moscow Metro system. There are currently 27 stations open on the line. As of 2024, the line is 47 kilometres (29 mi) long and is the longest line in the Moscow Metro.

Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line
The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line (Russian: Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния, IPA: [ɐrˈbatskə pɐˈkrofskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]pronunciationⓘ) (Line 3; Blue Line) is one of the lines of the Moscow Metro system in Moscow, Russia. Chronologically the second to open, it connects the Mitino District and the town of Krasnogorsk to the northwest of Moscow with the eastern suburbs of the Russian capital passing through the city centre.  There are 22 stations on the line, which is 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi) long.
NGC 6185
NGC 6185, also called UGC 10444, is a LINER and spiral galaxy of morphological type Sa. It is at redshift z = 0.034304,  equivalent to 152 million parsecs (496 million light-years) away, in the constellation of Hercules, and has an apparent B magnitude of 14.5. The galaxy was discovered in April 1827 by British astronomer John Herschel.

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission.  The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+.  Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak.  The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by Timothy Heckman in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.
Elgin District (United Methodist)
The Elgin District is a geographic area within the Northern Illinois Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church and is led by a District Superintendent.  With its administrative offices located in Elgin, Illinois, the district encompasses both urban and rural congregations, large and small. The current superintendent is Rev. Darneather Murph-Heath.

The district's jurisdiction covers sixty-five local churches, led by seventy-two elders, deacons and licensed local Pastors.  The sixty-five churches include two federated congregations, three Hispanic congregations and seven Korean congregations ranging in size from 15 to 1,400 members.

The geographic area is fairly large and is broken down into the following by county:

All of McHenry County

Lake County west of Interstate 94, north of and including Lake Bluff

Kane County north of Illinois Route 64 and east of Illinois Route 47

DuPage County north of Illinois Route 64

Cook County west of Interstate 294

Northern Illinois Conference (United Methodist)
The Northern Illinois Conference is an Annual Conference (regional episcopal area, similar to a diocese) of the United Methodist Church. This conference serves the northern portion of the state of Illinois, with its administrative offices at 303 E. Wacker Dr. in Chicago and the office of the bishop being in the Chicago Temple Building in Chicago, Illinois. It is part of the North Central Jurisdictional Conference. The current bishop is Dan Schwerin.
Eustache Restout
Eustache Restout (12 November 1655, in Caen – 1 November 1743, in Mondaye) was a French architect, engraver, painter and Premonstratensian canon regular, belonging to the artistic Restout dynasty. At his death he was sub-prior of abbaye Saint-Martin de Mondaye - he had produced the plans on which that monastery was rebuilt and painted several paintings for it (now in Bayeux Cathedral). His students included his nephew Jean II Restout.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
Ostrobothnian Swedish (Swedish: österbottniska) is a variety of Finland-Swedish, spoken in Finland. Outside the autonomous island province of Åland, which is officially monolingually Swedish, Ostrobothnia is the only region of mainland Finland where Swedish-speakers are the majority (51%).

Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
The Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (Swedish: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland r.f.; abbr. SLS) is a scholarly society for the collection, archiving and dissemination of knowledge about Finland-Swedish culture. SLS publishes scholarly literature, maintains archives and libraries, funds research and awards literary and scholarly prizes and scholarships. SLS's activity is made possible by private donations. SLS is one of the largest managers of private charitable funds in Finland.
Austin J. Tobin Plaza
The Austin J. Tobin Plaza, also known as the World Trade Center Plaza, was a large elevated public square that was located within the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan, New York City, from 1966 until its destruction during the September 11 attacks in 2001. It covered 5 acres (220,000 sq ft; 2.0 ha), making it the largest plaza in New York City by acreage at the time.

The plaza opened as part of the original World Trade Center on April 4, 1973, and was renamed after Austin J. Tobin in 1982. Several sculptures were located there, including The Sphere and Ideogram. The plaza was damaged during the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and destroyed eight years later during the September 11 terrorist attacks, which saw over 1,000,000,000 pounds (450,000,000 kg) of debris fall onto the plaza's floor. Fires that erupted from the large pile of debris ended up destroying the plaza permanently.

M Social Hotel New York Downtown
The M Social Hotel New York Downtown, formerly the Millennium Downtown New York, is a hotel in Lower Manhattan, New York City, located at the southeast corner of Fulton Street and Church Street. The hotel is adjacent to 195 Broadway, with which it shares the block, and is located across Church Street from the World Trade Center. The building is 55 stories tall, with a total of 569 guest rooms and 98 suites.
Ortnice
Ortnice (pronounced [ˈoːɾtnitsɛ]) is a small settlement west of Buče in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. The Kozje area is part of the historical Styria region and is included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Buče, Kozje
Buče (pronounced [ˈbuːtʃɛ], German: Fautsch) is a settlement in the Municipality of Kozje in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the Sava Hills (Slovene: Posavsko hribovje) northeast of Kozje. The area is part of the historical Styria region. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The Buče parish church, built on the southeastern edge of the settlement, is dedicated to Saint Peter and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. The current building dates to the 18th century, although a church on this site is mentioned in written documents dating to 1545.

The site of a Roman villa rustica has been partially 
excavated in the hamlet of Groblje in the settlement.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines patrol vessel Captain Hugh Mulzac
Captain Hugh Mulzac is a County-class offshore patrol vessel of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Coast Guard. Built for the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard as HMJS Middlesex in 2005, the vessel was purchased in 2019 by Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It operates in the territorial waters of the island nation, performing maritime security and search and rescue missions. It is the second ship to be named for Hugh Mulzac, a Vincentian native who was the first African-American commercial ship captain, commanding the SS Booker T. Washington in World War II.

Jamaica Defence Force
The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) is the combined military of Jamaica, consisting of an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. The JDF is based upon the British military model, with similar organisation, training, weapons and traditions. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending upon the arm of service. Enlisted soldiers are given basic training at JDF Training Depot Newcastle. As in the British model, NCOs are given several levels of professional training as they rise up the ranks. Additional military schools are available for speciality training in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Shevi'it (tractate)
Shevi'it (Hebrew: שְׁבִיעִית, lit. "Seventh") is the fifth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah, dealing with the laws of leaving the fields of the Land of Israel to lie fallow every seventh year; the laws concerning which produce may, or may not be eaten during the Sabbatical year; and the cancellation of debts and the rabbinical ordinance established to allow a creditor to reclaim a debt after the Sabbatical year (Prozbul).

The laws are derived from the Torah in Exodus 23:10–11, Leviticus 25:1–7 and Leviticus 25:20–22, and Deuteronomy 15:1–9.

This tractate comprises ten chapters in the Mishna and eight in the Tosefta and has thirty-one folio pages of Gemara in the Jerusalem Talmud. Like most tractates in the order of Zeraim, there is no Babylonian Talmud for this tractate.

The Jewish religious laws detailed in this tractate continue to apply in modern Israel, where the Sabbatical year, known as shmita, is still observed.

Tractate (Talmud)
A tractate (Hebrew: מַסֶּכֶת‎ masekhet, Sephardic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛt], Ashkenazic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛs]; plural: מַסֶּכְתּוֹת‎ masekhtot) is an organizational element of Talmudic literature that systematically examines a subject.

A tractate/masekhet consists of chapters (perakim; singular: פרק perek).
Montague Island (Baja California)
Montague Island, known in Spanish as Isla Montague, is an island at the mouth of the Colorado River in the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, and is part of the Colorado River Delta and part of a broader region called the Salton Trough.  It is about 32 km (20 mi) in length along its longest axis.

The Colorado River Delta region experiences some of the highest tidal ranges in the world, up to 10 metres (33 ft), and at the highest tides, Montague Island is completely inundated.  Although the islands in the delta have changed much over time, a map of the region shows Montague Island in 1873. The island is uninhabited, as the climate is very hot, arid and the area occasionally floods. The nearest inhabited town is Golfo de Santa Clara in the state of Sonora.

Colorado River Delta
The Colorado River Delta is the region where the Colorado River once flowed into the Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez) in eastern Mexicali Municipality in the north of the state of Baja California, in northwestern Mexico. The delta is part of a larger geologic region called the Salton Trough.  Historically, the interaction of the river's flow and the ocean's tide created a dynamic environment, supporting freshwater, brackish, and saltwater species. Within the delta region, the river split into multiple braided channels and formed a complex estuary and terrestrial ecosystems. The use of water upstream and the accompanying reduction of freshwater flow has resulted in the loss of most of the wetlands of the area, as well as drastic changes to the aquatic ecosystems - an ecosystem collapse.
Shen Zaichen
Shen Zaichen (Chinese: 沈載琛; pinyin: Shěn Zàichēn; Wade–Giles: Shên Tsai-chʽên, also romanized Sing Tsae-seng; 1861–1940) was an Anglican bishop in China.

Shen's father was the first clergyman in Zhejiang. He was educated at Trinity College, Ningbo and ordained in 1890. He was Headmaster of his old college for 29 years. He was also Archdeacon of Chekiang (Zhejiang) from 1910 to 1918. In that year he was consecrated at Holy Trinity Church, Shanghai to be an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of North China, making him the first person of Chinese descent to be made a Bishop in the Anglican Communion.

Church Missionary Society in China
The Church Missionary Society in China was a branch organisation established by the Church Missionary Society (CMS), which was founded in  Britain in 1799 under the name the Society for Missions to Africa and the East; as a mission society working with the Anglican Communion, Protestant, and Orthodox Christians around the world.  In 1812, the organization was renamed the Church Missionary Society. The missions were financed by the CMS with the local organisation of a mission usually being under the oversight of the Bishop of the Anglican diocese in which the CMS mission operated.