hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of the Canadian Pacific Railway
The history of the Canadian Pacific Railway dates back to 1873. Together with the Canadian Confederation, the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was a task originally undertaken as the "National Dream" by the Conservative government of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1st Canadian Ministry). A key component of his National Policy, Macdonald was helped by Alexander Tilloch Galt, who was the owner of the North Western Coal and Navigation Company. British Columbia, a four-month sea voyage away from the East Coast, had insisted upon a land transport link to the East as a condition for joining Confederation, after initially requesting a wagon road.

Big Hill
The Big Hill on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line in British Columbia, Canada, was the most difficult piece of railway track on the CPR's route. It was in the rugged Canadian Rockies west of the Continental Divide of the Americas and Kicking Horse Pass. Even though the Big Hill was replaced by the Spiral Tunnels in 1909, the area has long been a challenge to the operation of trains and remains so to this day.
Amy Johnson Avenue
Amy Johnson Avenue is a major arterial road in Darwin's eastern suburbs. The road travels 4 kilometres in a north – south direction, starting from Old McMillans Road in the north passing through the Stuart Highway and ending at Tiger Brennan Drive in the south.

Amy Johnson Avenue is a quick bypass from Palmerston and Darwin's southern suburbs to Darwin Airport.

The road was named after Amy Johnson, who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Darwin in 1930.

There is also an Amy Johnson Avenue, in Bridlington, England.

Stuart Highway
Stuart Highway is a major Australian highway. It runs from Darwin, in the Northern Territory, via Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, to Port Augusta in South Australia; it has a distance of 2,720 km (1,690 mi). Its northern and southern extremities are segments of Australia's Highway 1. The principal north–south route through the central interior of mainland Australia, the highway is often referred to simply as "The Track".

The highway is named after Scottish explorer John McDouall Stuart, who was the first European to cross Australia from south to north. The highway approximates the route Stuart took.
Sentosa Causeway
The Sentosa Causeway is a 380-metre (1,250 ft) causeway connecting mainland Singapore to the island of Sentosa. Initially as two separate links to Pulau Brani and Sentosa from the mainland, it was merged into one link in December 1986. There was debate over whether the link should be a causeway, bridge, or tunnel, with the tunnel allowing ships to pass through the Keppel Channel, though more expensive, whilst the causeway or bridge would be cheaper and more visually appealing. Although the government leaned to the tunnel, it was decided in November 1987 and February 1988 that the Pulau Brani and Sentosa links will be a causeway, respectively, as a causeway for the Pulau Brani link would reduce land transport time for cargo. The causeway opened on 16 December 1992.

Causeway
A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges.
1926 European Wrestling Championships
The 1926 European Wrestling Championships were held in Riga (Latvia) in 1926 under the organization of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling (FILA) and the Latvian Wrestling Federation. It only competed in the Greco-Roman style categories.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
Umeå Town Hall
Umeå Town Hall (Swedish: Umeå rådhus) was built after the fire in 1888 that burnt the city to the ground. It was erected on the site where the previous town hall (built in the 17th century) had been located and was completed in 1890. The architect was Fredrik Olaus Lindström from Stockholm. In the new urban area development plan Lindström gave the town hall a prominent location next to the river bank, with the main facade facing south over the harbour on the Ume River (which was still navigable at the time, providing the city's main point of access).

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
NetPresenz
NetPresenz, written by Peter N. Lewis for Stairways Software Pty Ltd, is a World Wide Web and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server developed for use on the classic Mac OS. The software was initially called FTPd but was rebranded NetPresenz. In 1994 Network World stated that it was "by far the most common" FTP server application and server extension used on the Macintosh. It is considered the most significant FTP daemon available for the Macintosh platform, with added Web and Gopher functionality. The server functioned on Mac OS 7, Mac OS 8, and Mac OS 9.

Originally a shareware package, NetPresenz was rendered obsolete by increasing functionality in the Mac OS and has been made freeware.

Gopher (protocol)
Gopher (/ˈɡoʊfər/ ⓘ) is a communication protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. The design of the Gopher protocol and user interface is menu-driven, and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately fell into disfavor, yielding to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web.
Rubus trifrons
Rubus trifrons is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in eastern Canada (Québec and Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (New York, New Hampshire, Vermont).

The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy. Some studies have suggested that R. trifrons may have originated as a hybrid between R. setosus and R. hispidus.

Swamp dewberry
Rubus hispidus, with the common names swamp dewberry, bristly dewberry, bristly groundberry, groundberry, hispid swamp blackberry or running swamp blackberry, is North American species of dewberry in the rose family.

The plant grows in moist or sometimes dry soils, ditches, swales or open woods in central and eastern North America, from Ontario and Minnesota east to Newfoundland, and south to South Carolina and Mississippi.
Geology of Florida
Florida is part of the Florida Platform, a plateau of sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras sitting atop a basement of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Triassic age. The Florida Platform also includes southern Alabama and Georgia and the continental shelf adjacent to the three states. Part of the Florida basement was part of Africa before the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, but separated from Africa and remained attached to North America when Pangaea broke up in the early Jurassic, while the rest of the Florida basement consists of volcanic rocks that erupted during that breakup.

The emergent portion of the platform was created during the Eocene to Oligocene as the Gulf Trough filled with silts, clays, and sands. Flora and fauna began appearing during the Miocene. No land animals were present in Florida prior to the Miocene.

Gulf Trough
The Gulf Trough, also known as the Suwanee Straits, is an ancient geologic feature of Florida present during the Paleogene period. A strong marine current, similar to the Gulf Stream, scoured the trough from southwest to northeast.
Spychówko
Spychówko [spɨˈxufkɔ] (German: Klein Puppen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Świętajno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Świętajno, 24 km (15 mi) east of Szczytno, and 60 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Świętajno, Szczytno County
Świętajno (Polish pronunciation: [ɕfjɛnˈtajnɔ] ⓘ; German: Schwentainen) is a village in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northeastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Świętajno. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) east of Szczytno and 54 km (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 2,000.
1998 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 17th Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 1998 version of the Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 29 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces (Polish: Kryterium Asów Polskich Lig Żużlowych im. Mieczysława Połukarda) usually referred to as the Criterium of Aces (Kryterium Asów) is an annual speedway event held each year organised by Polonia Bydgoszcz in forms the 'curtain raiser' (Super cup) to a season.

The Criterium of Aces is held in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz. It is seen by riders and fans as the official opening of the new season. Tomasz Gollob has won the event the most times by winning it on fourteen occasions.

First staged in 1982, although a similar meeting was held in the 1951 as Criterium of Aces (Criterium Asów). The event was not held from 2013 to 2020 but returned for the 2021 Polish speedway season.

Unless stated all riders are Polish
1996 Pan American Race Walking Cup
The 1996 Pan American Race Walking Cup was held in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.  The track of the Cup runs in the Estrada da Ponta Negra.

Complete results, medal winners until 2011, and the results for the Mexican athletes were published.

Pan American Race Walking Cup
The Pan American Race Walking Cup (Spanish: Copa Panamericana de Marcha) is a biennial race walking competition for athletes representing countries from the Americas, organized by the Association of Panamerican Athletics (APA). It was established in 1984 and has featured races for senior men and women, and for junior athletes. The women competed in the 10 km road race until 1996, and then switched to the 20 km road race. In addition, there are separate team competitions. The 2001 event was held in conjunction with the South American Race Walking Cup. In 2011, the organization of the event was transferred from the Pan American Athletics Commission, a subdivision of the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), to the newly constituted APA.

The events between 1984 and 2007 are documented in great detail in Spanish (including many historical fotos) by then President of the Pan American Race Walking Committee Rubén Pedro Aguilera from Argentina and is available from the APA website.
Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – 49er
The men's 49er was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy. Sixteen races (last one a medal race) were scheduled and completed. 40 sailors, on 20 boats, from 20 nations competed. Ten boats qualified for the medal race on course area Nothe in front of Weymouth, where each position scored double points.

Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and possibly the cancelled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held 29 July – 11 August 2012 at Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy in Weymouth. The 2012 sailing program consisted of a total of ten events (eight classes). Eleven fleet races were scheduled off the coast at Weymouth Bay for each event, except for the 49er and the Elliott 6m classes. For the 49er class, a total of 16 races were scheduled. Of the 11 (16) races, 10 (15) were scheduled as opening races and the last one as medal race. For the Elliott 6m a series of match races was scheduled. The sailing was done on different types of courses.
2018 French Pacific Junior Men's Handball Cup
The 2018 Junior Men's French Pacific Handball Championship was held in L'Arene du Sud, New Caledonia, New Caledonia on 14 June 2018 during the 2018 Oceania Men's Handball Challenge Trophy.

The competition participants Tahiti, and New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna did not send a team.

The winners were Tahiti over New Caledonia.

French Pacific Handball Championship
The French Pacific Handball Cup is the official competition for the senior national handball teams of the overseas departments and territories of France based in the Oceania region, namely New Caledonia, Tahiti and Wallis and Futuna. This competition is organised by the Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF).
Outline of Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg – second-largest city in Russia. An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has the status of a federal subject (a federal city). Its name was changed to "Petrograd" in 1914, then to "Leningrad" in 1924, and back to Saint Petersburg in 1991.

Lobanov-Rostovsky Palace
59°56′05″N 30°18′29″E﻿ / ﻿59.93472°N 30.30806°E﻿ / 59.93472; 30.30806

Lobanov-Rostovsky Residence or the Lobanov-Rostovsky Palace is a building at 12 Admiralteysky Avenue in Saint Petersburg, Russia, constructed in 1817-1820 for Prince Alexander Yakovlevich Lobanov-Rostovsky. Today, the building houses a luxury hotel, the Four Seasons Hotel Lion Palace, named for the two Medici Lions at the main entrance.

It is not to be confused with the Lobanov-Rostovsky House at 43, Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow.
Buick Envista
The Buick Envista is a compact crossover SUV with a fastback design manufactured by General Motors and marketed under the Buick brand since 2022 for the model years 2023 onward, 2024 for North America. It shares the GM VSS-F platform with the Chevrolet Trax (marketed as the Seeker in China).

Presented for the Chinese market in August 2022, GM introduced the Envista in April 2023 in the United States and Canada. The Envista is manufactured in Changwon, South Korea by GM Korea and in China by SAIC-GM.

Compact crossover SUV
Compact crossover SUV is an automobile classification used mainly in North America to describe a segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, between subcompact crossover SUV and mid-size crossover SUV.

By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular automobile segment in several regions. For example, nearly one in every four cars sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover, at about 24.2 percent.

The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2020 was the Toyota RAV4, with 995,762 units sold globally. It was also the second best-selling automobile in the world after the Toyota Corolla in 2021.
Fourier–Bessel series
In mathematics, Fourier–Bessel series is a particular kind of generalized Fourier series (an infinite series expansion on a finite interval) based on Bessel functions.

Fourier–Bessel series are used in the solution to partial differential equations, particularly in cylindrical coordinate systems.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Tref Alaw
Tref Alaw is a community in Anglesey, north Wales. The community takes in the area west and south west of the Llyn Alaw, a man made reservoir which is also the largest body of water on the island. The community consists of a wide network of dispersed farms, and five settlements. Two small villages, close to each other in the centre of the community area are Llanddeusant and Elim. Llantrisant is a hamlet a mile or so to the south-west of Elim. In the north west is the small village of Llanbabo, and in the far south is the tiny hamlet of Llechgynfarwy (also spelt Llechcynfarwy), of which the principal building is St Cynfarwy's Church. At the 2001 census the community had a population of 606 inhabitants, reducing to 581 at the 2011 census.

Llanddeusant, Anglesey
Llanddeusant (Welsh for 'the church of two saints'; Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a small linear village, on Anglesey, North Wales about 10 miles (16 km) north east of Holyhead.

Until 1984, Llanddeusant was also a community.
Interogo Holding
Interogo Holding A.G. is a holding company that is fully owned by the Interogo Foundation. The business focus is on financial and property investments. The company was created after it was spun off from Inter IKEA Holding.

Interogo Foundation
Interogo Foundation is a foundation registered in Liechtenstein as an Unternehmensstiftung' (German: [ʊntɐˈneːmənsˌʃtɪftʊŋ], literally in English: 'enterprise foundation'). Its office is located in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Until 2023, it owned Inter IKEA Holding B.V., registered in the Netherlands, which through its subsidiary Inter IKEA Systems controlled the intellectual property of the IKEA brand. In 2011, it was reported that the foundation controlled assets valued at US$15 billion. In 2023 it demerged, splitting off the Inter IKEA Foundation as a separate foundation that owns Inter IKEA Holding B.V.
Rudzki Most
Rudzki Most [ˈrut͡ski ˈmɔst] (transl. Rudzki Bridge) is a district of Tuchola, Poland, located in the south-eastern part of the town, along the west bank of the Brda River. It is on the edge of the Tuchola Landscape Park, and was incorporated into the town limits and jurisdiction of Tuchola in 1955.

There is a launching point for canoeing on the Brda River, and in the river near the bridge is a notable large boulder called King Jagiełło's Stone, with a circumference about 7 metres (23 ft). The Roman Catholic Parish of Divine Providence is located in the district as well.

Tuchola Landscape Park
Tuchola Landscape Park (Tucholski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in north-central Poland, established in 1985, covering an area of 369.83 square kilometres (142.79 sq mi) in the Tuchola Forests close to the town of Tuchola.

The Park is shared between two voivodeships: Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and Pomeranian Voivodeship. Within Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship it lies in Tuchola County (Gmina Tuchola, Gmina Cekcyn, Gmina Gostycyn, Gmina Lubiewo, Gmina Śliwice). Within Pomeranian Voivodeship it lies in Chojnice County (Gmina Chojnice, Gmina Czersk). Within the Landscape Park are eight nature reserves.

The Park (together with the Wda, Wdzydze and Zaborski Landscape Parks) forms the buffer zone of the Tuchola Forest Biosphere Reserve, designated under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme in 2010. The core area of the Biosphere Reserve consists of Tuchola Forest National Park and the nature reserves lying within the Landscape Parks of the buffer zone.
Laurens Janszoon Coster
Laurens Janszoon Coster (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʌurəɲ ˈɕɑnsoːŋ ˈkɔstər]; c. 1370 in Haarlem – c. 1440), or Laurens Jansz Koster, is the purported inventor of a printing press from Haarlem. He allegedly invented printing simultaneously with Johannes Gutenberg and was regarded by some in the Netherlands well into the 20th century as having invented printing first.

Grote Kerk, Haarlem
The Grote Kerk or St.-Bavokerk is a Reformed Protestant church located on the central market square (Grote Markt) in the Dutch city of Haarlem.

The church was built in 1307. Prior to the Reformation, Grote Kerk was a Catholic cathedral after which it adopted the Reformed faith; at present, another Haarlem church called the Cathedral of Saint Bavo now serves as the main cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam.
Cecil Beer
Cecil Herbert Beer (1902 – 1998) was a Cornish bard and politician.

Beer was made a bard of the Gorsedh Kernow in 1932, under the name Map Kenwyn.  He championed the use of the Cornish language and helped run the gorsedh in Cornwall and Australia.  He worked as a civil servant for the War Office, and later for the Post Office Savings Bank.  During World War II, he served in the Royal Artillery and rose to become a Major, then became a provost marshal in the Indian Military Police.  In 1946, he returned the UK, becoming Meals Organisation Officer for South Wales.

Beer was an early member of Mebyon Kernow, and in 1957 became its second chairman.  He held the post for three years, during which he focused on cultural matters.

Gorsedh Kernow
Gorsedh Kernow (Cornish Gorsedd) is a non-political Cornish organisation, based in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is based on the Welsh-based Gorsedd, which was founded by Iolo Morganwg in 1792.

Since 1995, they run the annual Holyer an Gof Publishers Awards "to promote books about Cornwall, set in Cornwall or in Cornish". It confers various awards including the Awen Medal.
Vauxhall Ellesmere Port
Vauxhall Ellesmere Port is a motor vehicle assembly plant, located in the town of Ellesmere Port, in Cheshire West & Chester, United Kingdom. It has always built small/medium Vauxhall/Opel vehicles, including the Vauxhall Viva and Opel/Vauxhall Astra. It is owned by the global car manufacturer Stellantis.

Opel Combo
The Opel Combo is a panel van and leisure activity vehicle from the German automaker Opel. The Combo first appeared in 1993, a second generation model was introduced in 2001, and the third was manufactured from December 2011 to December 2017, based on the Fiat Doblò. The name "Combo" was previously applied as a suffix to a three-door panel van body style of Opel Kadett E from 1986 until 1993.

Opel/Vauxhall joined Groupe PSA in March 2017: the fourth generation Combo, launched in March 2018, shares the platform and bodywork of the Peugeot Rifter and Partner, as well as the Citroën Berlingo.

The Combo B and Combo C share platforms, vital components and some body panels with contemporary subcompact Opel Corsas, which used to be a typical pedigree for such a vehicle. The generations are denoted B and C in typical Opel fashion, but Holden applied the codes SB and XC respectively, reflecting the relation with SB and XC Holden Barinas (Opel Corsa B and C, respectively).