hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Badblocks
badblocks is a Linux utility to check for bad sectors on a disk drive. It can create a text file with a list of these sectors that can be used with other programs, like mkfs, so that they are not used in the future and thus do not cause data corruption. It is part of the e2fsprogs project, and a port is available for BSD operating systems.

When run as a standalone program, badblocks gives a list of blocks with problems, if any. This makes it a good option for checking whether the disk drive is healthy, independent of SMART data and file system checks.

Mkfs
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, mkfs is a command used to format a block storage device with a specific file system. In those systems, a block storage device must be formatted with a file system before it can be mounted and accessed through the operating system's filesystem hierarchy.

In 4.2BSD, newfs was a front end for mkfs; in 4.3-Tahoe, newfs replaced mkfs.
The Dark Nest trilogy
The Dark Nest trilogy is a trilogy of science-fiction novels set in the Star Wars galaxy 35–36 years after the Battle of Yavin depicted in the original Star Wars film. The series serves as a follow-up to the events of the New Jedi Order series of novels, and a precursor to the Legacy of the Force and Fate of the Jedi series of novels. The trilogy was written by Troy Denning. The first installment was released in July 2005 and the final installment was released in December of that same year. This series features heroes of the New Jedi Order.

Fate of the Jedi
Fate of the Jedi is a series of nine science-fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe (now known as Star Wars Legends). The series is written in three cycles by the authors Aaron Allston, Christie Golden, and Troy Denning.
Manohar Joshi
Manohar Gajanan Joshi (2 December 1937 – 23 February 2024) was an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, who served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999, and Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 2002 to 2004. He was one of the prominent leaders of the Shiv Sena, and also one of the Indians to be elected to all of the four legislatures. He was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian honour, by the Government of India in 2025.

Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)  is the governing civic body of Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra.

More well funded than any other municipal corporation in India, its annual budget exceeds that of some of the country's smaller states. Established by the legislature of British India under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888, the BMC is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and some suburbs.
Composite transposon
A composite transposon is similar in function to simple transposons and insertion sequence (IS) elements in that it has protein coding DNA segments flanked by inverted, repeated sequences that can be recognized by transposase enzymes.  A composite transposon, however, is flanked by two separate IS elements which may or may not be exact replicas.  Instead of each IS element moving separately, the entire length of DNA spanning from one IS element to the other is transposed as one complete unit.  Composite transposons will also often carry one or more genes conferring antibiotic resistance.

Transposable element
A transposable element (TE), also   transposon, jumping gene, or mobile genetic element, is a DNA sequence that can change its position, or translocate, within a genome. TEs were first identified via genetic studies in maize by Barbara McClintock, a discovery for which she was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

TEs are very common in all types of organisms in nature, including in plants and animals. As of 2008, there were at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons, which generally function via reverse transcription; and Class II TEs or DNA transposons, which encode the protein transposase (and sometimes other proteins), which they require for insertion, excision, or other TE functions.
National Constituent Assembly (Republic of China)
The National Constituent Assembly (Chinese: 制憲國民大會) was a constituent assembly in China, assembled for drafting the Constitution of the Republic of China. Meetings were convened in November and December 1946 at National Great Hall, Nanjing.

Boycotted by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its allies, the Assembly was joined by Chinese Nationalist Party (or Kuomintang, KMT), Young China Party (Youth), and China Democratic Socialist Party (CDSP), with delegates directly or indirectly elected. The Constitution drafted by the Assembly was considered to have resulted in the issue of Two Chinas with distinct constitutions.

China Democratic Socialist Party
The China Democratic Socialist Party (CDSP; Chinese: 中國民主社會黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó mínzhǔ shèhuìdǎng) was a Chinese political party founded in Shanghai on 14 August 1946. It was formed through the merger of the former Chinese State Socialist Party (Chinese: 中國國家社會黨) and the Democratic Constitutionalist Party (Chinese: 民主憲政黨). The inaugural leader of the party was Carsun Chang. Along with the Kuomintang, the Young China Party and China Democratic League, it was one of the longest active political parties in both Nationalist China and in post-civil war rump Republic of China in Taiwan.
Hypostomus hemicochliodon
Hypostomus hemicochliodon is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Amazon River basin in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru, as well as the Rio Negro and Orinoco drainage basins in Venezuela. The species reaches 14.3 inches (36.3 cm) in total length, can weigh up to at least 510 g (18 oz), and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Hypostomus hemicochliodon was described in 2003 by Jonathan W. Armbruster of Auburn University. Its specific epithet, hemicochliodon, refers to the fact that its teeth are about half as spoon-shaped as those of species such as Hypostomus cochliodon, which are xylophagous and specialize in eating wood.

Hypostomus cochliodon
Hypostomus cochliodon is a species of armored catfish native to the Paraguay and middle Paraná River basins in northern Argentina, southern Brazil and Paraguay. Initially it did not occur in the upper Paraná basin above the Guaíra Falls, but these disappeared after the construction of the Itaipu Dam, allowing this species (and several others) to spread. It grows to a standard length of 23 cm (9.1 in).

The species is sometimes kept in aquaria.

Unlike most other Loricariidae, it has been speculated that this fish is a wood-eating specialist alongside the usual plant material and algae (see also xylophagy in Panaque).
Stigmatopora argus
Stigmatopora argus, the spotted pipefish, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family of pipefish and seahorses (Syngnathidae). The scientific name of the species is the first validly published in 1840 by Richardson.

It is endemic to Australia, is usually green with obvious black spots on its dorsal surface and can grow to a length of 27 centimetres.

Stigmaptopora argus has a prehensile tail that it uses to clasp seagrass or macroalgae. It feeds on small crustaceans, including copepods and mysids.

Pipefish
Pipefishes or  pipe-fishes (Syngnathinae) are a subfamily of small fishes, which, together with the seahorses and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx), form the family Syngnathidae. The name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the subfamily's species have in common.
Michael Cudlitz
Michael Cudlitz (born December 29, 1964) is an American actor known for portraying John Cooper in the NBC/TNT drama series Southland (2009–2013) for which he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2013, Sergeant Denver "Bull" Randleman in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers (2001), and Sergeant Abraham Ford in the AMC horror series The Walking Dead (2014–2018).

California Institute of the Arts
The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) is a private art school in Santa Clarita, California. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual and performing arts. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees.  It is located about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles.

The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in the early 1960s including Nelbert Chouinard, Walt Disney, Lulu Von Hagen, and Thornton Ladd.
Viöl
Viöl (German pronunciation: [vi̯ˈøːl] ⓘ; Danish: Fjolde, North Frisian: Fjåål) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 12 km northeast of Husum, and 30 km southwest of Flensburg.

Viöl is the seat of the Amt of (collective municipality) Viöl.

A variety of South Jutlandic was spoken there until 1937, called "Fjoldedansk".

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Walpole-Nornalup National Park
Walpole-Nornalup National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 355 km (221 mi) south of Perth. It is famous for its towering karri and tingle trees. Red tingle trees are unique to the Walpole area.
The park is part of the larger Walpole Wilderness Area that was established in 2004, an international biodiversity hotspot.

Eucalyptus diversicolor
Eucalyptus diversicolor, commonly known as karri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall tree with smooth light grey to cream-coloured, often mottled bark, lance-shaped adult leaves and barrel-shaped fruit. Found in higher rainfall areas, karri is commercially important for its timber.
Tübatulabal
The Tübatulabal are an indigenous people of Kern River Valley in the Sierra Nevada range of California. They may have been the first people to make this area their permanent home. Today many of them are enrolled in the Tule River Indian Tribe. They are descendants of the people of the Uto-Aztecan language group, separating from Shoshone people about 3000 years ago.

Shoshone
The Shoshone or Shoshoni (/ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/ ⓘ shoh-SHOH-nee or /ʃəˈʃoʊni/ ⓘ shə-SHOH-nee), also known by the endonym Newe, are an Indigenous people of the United States with four large cultural/linguistic divisions:

Eastern Shoshone: Wyoming

Northern Shoshone: Southern Idaho

Western Shoshone: California, Nevada, and Northern Utah

Goshute:  western Utah, eastern Nevada

They traditionally speak the Shoshoni language, part of the Numic languages branch of the large Uto-Aztecan language family. The Shoshone were sometimes called the Snake Indians by neighboring tribes and early American explorers.

Their peoples have become members of federally recognized tribes throughout their traditional areas of settlement, often co-located with the Northern Paiute people of the Great Basin.
Kao Ching-yi
Kao Ching-yi is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner.

She won a gold medal in heavyweight at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships in Edmonton, after defeating Laurence Rase in the semifinal, and Dominique Bosshart in the final. She won a silver medal at the 1998 Asian Taekwondo Championships, a bronze medal at the 1998 Asian Games, and took 1st at the 1998 U.S. Open defeating Nicki Carlson-Lee in the finals.

Dominique Bosshart
Dominique Bosshart (born October 7, 1977) is a Canadian taekwondo athlete.

She was Canada's only taekwondo competitor during the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where she won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division (+ 67 kg). She competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens but did not medal.

Bosshart began studying taekwondo at age 13, at the urging of her brother. At age 15, she moved from living with her parents in Landmark, Manitoba to living on her own in Winnipeg in order to train with Master Joo Kang at Kang's Taekwondo Academy.
George Law Curry
George Law Curry (July 2, 1820 – July 28, 1878) was a predominant American political figure and newspaper publisher in the region that eventually became the state of Oregon. A native of Pennsylvania, he published a newspaper in St. Louis, Missouri, before traveling the Oregon Trail to the unorganized Oregon Country. A Democrat, Curry served in the new Oregon Territory's government as a representative to the legislature and as Territorial Secretary before appointment as the last Governor of the Oregon Territory. Curry County in Southern Oregon is named in his honor.

Governor of Oregon
The governor of Oregon is the head of government of Oregon and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments.

The current governor of Oregon is Tina Kotek, who took office on January 9, 2023. The governor's salary as of 2018 is $98,600.
Hongsibu, Wuzhong
Hongsibu District (simplified Chinese: 红寺堡区; traditional Chinese: 紅寺堡區; pinyin: Hóngsìbǔ Qū (official), Hóngsìpǔ Qū (local)) is a district within the prefecture-level city of Wuzhong in the autonomous region of Ningxia, China.

Wuzhong, Ningxia
Wuzhong (simplified Chinese: 吴忠; traditional Chinese: 吳忠; pinyin: Wúzhōng; Xiao'erjing: وُجْو شِ) is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was known as Yinnan Prefecture (银南地区; 銀南地區; Yínnán Dìqū; Xiao'erjing: ءٍنًا دِٿِيُوِ) before it was upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 1998. Wuzhong is located in the Northwest of China, with the Yellow River flowing through the center of the city.In 2019, Wuzhong had a population of 1.4 million. By the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 1,415,300, an increase of 12,600 over the end of the previous year, including 833,100 residents in urban areas.
David McMillan (footballer)
David McMillan (born 14 December 1988) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a forward for UCD over two spells, St Patrick's Athletic, Sligo Rovers, St Johnstone, Hamilton Academical, Falkirk and Dundalk over two spells. He is currently the League of Ireland's all-time leading scorer in the UEFA Champions League and was joint top-scorer in the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League qualifying phase and play-off round. McMillan has also been named League of Ireland Premier Division Player of the Month on three occasions.

His older brother, Evan McMillan was also a footballer and the pair were teammates at UCD, St Patrick's Athletic and Sligo Rovers. In addition to his football career, McMillan is also a qualified architect.

2008 A Championship
The 2008 A Championship was the inaugural season of the A Championship in Ireland. The league featured 16 teams. UCD A were the inaugural champions, Cork City A won the Shield competition and Mervue United were promoted to the First Division after a play off.
Karnaveh-ye Shirin
Karnaveh-ye Shirin (Persian: كرناوه شيرين, also romanized as Karnāveh-ye Shīrīn; also known as Karnāveh-ye Shīrān) is a village in Hezarmasjed Rural District, in the Central District of Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census its population was 471, in 94 families.

Hezarmasjed Rural District
Hezarmasjed Rural District (Persian: دهستان هزارمسجد) is in Hezarmasjed District of Kalat County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kalu. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hasanabad, now the city of Hasanabad-e Layen-e Now.
Processing fluency
In cognitive psychology, processing fluency is the ease with which information is processed by the brain. It is commonly treated as a synonym for cognitive fluency, a term used to describe the subjective experience of ease or difficulty associated with mental tasks. Processing fluency influences a range of judgments and decisions, including perceptions of truth, attractiveness, familiarity, and confidence.

Several subtypes of processing fluency have been identified. Perceptual fluency refers to the ease of processing sensory stimuli, which can be affected by factors such as visual clarity, contrast, or exposure duration. Retrieval fluency involves the ease with which information is accessed from memory.

Higher fluency is often associated with more favorable evaluations, even when the ease of processing is unrelated to the content itself, a cognitive bias known as the fluency heuristic.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Observations (Avedon book)
Observations is a collaborative coffee table book with photography by Richard Avedon, commentary by Truman Capote and design by Alexey Brodovitch.  It features a slipcase with color, all-capitalized lettering; the book itself is further housed in a clear acetate/glassine slip cover and is printed with the same bold design as the slipcase in black-and-white.  Simon & Schuster published the work in 1959 having it printed using the photogravure method in Lucerne, Switzerland.

Coffee table book
A coffee table book, also known as a cocktail table book, is an oversized, usually hard-covered book whose purpose is for display on a table intended for use in an area in which one entertains guests and which can serve to inspire conversation or pass the time. Subject matter is predominantly non-fiction and pictorial (a photo-book). Pages consist mainly of photographs and illustrations, accompanied by captions and small blocks of text, as opposed to long prose. Since they are aimed at anyone who might pick up the book for a light read, the analysis inside is often more basic and with less jargon than other books on the subject.
Web mapping
Web mapping or an online mapping is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). A web map or an online map is both served and consumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography, it is an interactive service where consumers may choose what the map will show.

Traffic congestion map
A traffic congestion map is a graphical, realtime or near-realtime representation of traffic flow for some particular area.  Data is typically collected via anonymous GPS datapoints and loop sensors embedded in the roadways, then processed by computer at a central facility and distributed as a map view to users.

Many web sites, news channels and mobile apps show these maps to help commuters avoid congested areas.  Sometimes they are displayed directly to motorists using electronic signs, such as those on the 2nd Ring Road in Beijing.  Frequently these show conditions on highways, but local streets can also be shown.
Iset Tower
The Iset Tower (Russian: Башня Исеть) is a 52-story skyscraper in the Yekaterinburg-City business district of Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast. It is the tallest building in Yekaterinburg and the 16th tallest building in Russia, with a record height of 212.8 metres (698 ft). It was also the tallest building outside Moscow until it was surpassed by the Lakhta Center of Saint Petersburg. It became the tallest structure of Yekaterinburg on 24 March 2018 when the unfinished TV Tower nearby was demolished as part of the city’s beautification program in preparation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Iset Tower is the second building of the commercial district Yekaterinburg-City and will settle down in the prestigious neighborhood with the house of the government of Sverdlovsk Oblast, the Regional Duma, drama theater and 5-star Hyatt Regency Yekaterinburg hotel across of B. Yeltsin St. and Boevih Druzhin.

The Iset Tower is named after the Iset River, which goes through central Yekaterinburg.

Yekaterinburg TV Tower
Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Russian: Екатеринбу́ргская телеба́шня) was a tall incomplete structure in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Construction work started 1983, but was put on hold in 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, as its shaft reached the height of 220 m (720 ft). According to  plans, the tower was intended to reach a structural height of 360 m (1,180 ft).
Grand Pacific Pass
Grand Pacific Pass, 738 m (2,421 ft), is a significant mountain pass in the Fairweather Range of the Alsek Ranges of the Saint Elias Mountains, standing northeast of the massif containing Mount Fairweather.  A glacial pass, it is impassable for ordinary purposes.  The pass forms the divide between Grand Pacific Glacier and Melbern Glacier, which flow south and north to Tarr Inlet and the Alsek River, respectively.

Saint Elias Mountains
The Saint Elias Mountains (French: Chaîne Saint-Élie) are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges, located in southeastern Alaska in the United States, southwestern Yukon and the very far northwestern part of British Columbia in Canada. The range spans Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the United States and Kluane National Park and Reserve in Canada and includes all of Glacier Bay National Park in Alaska. In Alaska, the range includes parts of the city/borough of Yakutat and the Hoonah-Angoon, Copper River and Chugach census areas.

This mountain range is named after Mount Saint Elias, which in turn was named in 1741 by the Danish-born Russian explorer Vitus Bering.
Operation Faustschlag
The Operation Faustschlag or Unternehmen Faustschlag (lit. 'Operation Fist Punch'), also known as the Eleven Days' War, was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major offensive on the Eastern Front.

Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War. The armies of the Central Powers therefore captured huge territories in Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, and Ukraine, forcing the Bolshevik government of Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Central Rada
The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (Ukrainian: Українська Центральна Рада, romanized: Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the All-Ukrainian National Congress (19–21 April 1917), the Council became the revolutionary parliament in the interbellum lasting until the Ukrainian-Soviet War. Unlike with many other councils in the Russian Republic, Bolshevization of the Rada failed completely, prompting the Ukrainian Bolsheviks to form a rival government in Kharkov.