hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infobar
An infobar is a graphical control element used by browsers including Firefox and Google Chrome and other software programs to display non-critical information to a user. It usually appears as a temporary extension of an existing toolbar, and may contain buttons or icons to allow the user to react to the event described in the infobar.

An infobar may be used as an alternative to dialog boxes as it does not interrupt the user's activities and allows the user to read extra information in their own time. Some infobars unobtrusively appear from the edge of the screen with a message displayed, possibly with response buttons to then hide or fade after several seconds.

Within Microsoft Outlook, an infobar may display information relevant to a specific type of email message, such as its sensitivity or message format.

Toolbar
The toolbar, also called a bar or standard toolbar (originally known as ribbon), is a graphical control element on which on-screen icons can be used. A toolbar often allows for quick access to functions that are commonly used in the program. Some examples of functions a toolbar might have are open file, save, and change font. Toolbars are usually distinguished from palettes by their integration into the edges of the screen or of other windows. This can result in wasted space if multiple underpopulated bars are stacked atop each other or interface inefficiency if overloaded bars are placed on small windows.
Al-Malikiyah, Azaz
al-Malikiyah (Arabic: المالكية) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the foot of Şewarxa mountain, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of Azaz, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Maraanaz 2 km (1.2 mi) to the east, on the western edge of the Queiq Plain, and Maryamin 4 km (2.5 mi) further to the west. In the 2004 census, al-Malikiyah had a population of 177.

Maraanaz
Maraanaz (Arabic: مرعناز, romanized: Mir'anāz) is a village near Azaz in northwestern Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria.

Administratively part of Nahiya Azaz, Maaranaz had a population of 959 in the 2004 census. Nearby localities include Azaz to the northeast, Menagh to the southeast, and Maryamin to the west.

Maraanaz is located by the Baghdad Railway connecting Aleppo with the Turkish city of Adana, and by the strategic highway 214 to Gaziantep.

As of 1 February 2025, the village was uninhabited.
Spanish phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language. Unless otherwise noted, statements refer to Castilian Spanish, the standard dialect used in Spain on radio and television. For historical development of the sound system, see History of Spanish. For details of geographical variation, see Spanish dialects and varieties.

Phonemic representations are written inside slashes (/ /), while phonetic representations are written in brackets ([ ]).

Coronal consonant
Coronals are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Among places of articulation, only the coronal consonants can be divided into as many articulation types: apical (using the tip of the tongue), laminal (using the blade of the tongue), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or subapical (using the underside of the tongue) as well as different postalveolar articulations (some of which also involve the back of the tongue as an articulator): palato-alveolar, alveolo-palatal and retroflex. Only the front of the tongue (coronal) has such dexterity among the major places of articulation, allowing such variety of distinctions. Coronals have another dimension, grooved, to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.
2023 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 2023 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France. It was the 37th edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2023 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tennis Club de Strasbourg between 21 and 27 May 2023.

Internationaux de Strasbourg
The Internationaux de Strasbourg (formally known as the Strasbourg Grand Prix) is a professional women's tennis tournament held in Strasbourg, France. The tournament has been organized in May since its inception in 1987 and serves as a warm-up event to the French Open which is played a week later.

The tournament was played at the Hautepierre before moving to the Strasbourg’s Tennis Club in 2011.

Past champions of the tournament include former world number ones Steffi Graf (singles), Jennifer Capriati (singles), Lindsay Davenport (two singles, one doubles), Maria Sharapova (singles), Angelique Kerber (singles), Martina Navratilova (doubles), and Ashleigh Barty (two doubles).
File Under Popular
File Under Popular: Theoretical and Critical Writings on Music is a collection of seven essays on the political theory of popular music written by English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist, Chris Cutler. The essays were written between 1978 and 1983, four of them in response to requests and the rest unprompted. Two of the essays were first published in two German publications, and two were originally presented by Cutler at two international symposia on popular music. The book was first published in 1985 in London by November Books, the publishing wing of Cutler's independent record label, Recommended Records. It was also published in Polish, German and Japanese.

Rock critic and sociologist Simon Frith described File Under Popular as "A stirringly aggressive antidote to contemporary pop cynicism."

RēR Quarterly
The RēR Quarterly (also known as Rē Records Quarterly and RēR Records Quarterly) was an English "quarterly" sound-magazine comprising an LP record and a magazine. It was published at irregular intervals between 1985 and 1997 by Recommended Records and November Books, and edited by English percussionist, lyricist and music theorist Chris Cutler. It was sold internationally by Recommended Records via mail order and in specialist record shops.

A total of thirteen issues were published (four volumes of four, four, three and two issues respectively) plus two "collection" issues featuring music selections from volumes 1 and 2. From volume 4 the LP was replaced by a CD and the CD and the magazine (now entitled unFILEd: The RēR Sourcebook) were sold separately or together as a set.
Cercemaggiore
Cercemaggiore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Campobasso.

Cercemaggiore borders the following municipalities: Castelpagano, Cercepiccola, Gildone, Jelsi, Mirabello Sannitico, Morcone, Riccia, Santa Croce del Sannio, Sepino.

Mirabello Sannitico
Mirabello Sannitico is a  small town in  the province of Campobasso, Molise, southern Italy. The population is about 2,100 inhabitants. 
It has an agrarian-based culture and history, dating back to at least the 12th century. Nearby towns include Campobasso to the northwest and Vinchiaturo to the southwest.  The Tappino River flows on either side of the town on the north and south.
Beaver Lake, Alberta
Beaver Lake is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within Lac La Biche County. It is located on the shore of Beaver Lake, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Highway 36, approximately 116 kilometres (72 mi) northwest of Cold Lake.

Beaver Lake (Alberta)
Beaver Lake is a lake in Alberta, Canada. It is located just southeast of the hamlet of Lac La Biche, Alberta. It is the source of Beaver River whose waters flow east to Hudson Bay. Just 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the north-west of Beaver Lake is the much larger Lac la Biche, which drains north to the Arctic Ocean.
Hartpury University R.F.C.
Hartpury University RFC is an English rugby union club. The men's first team play in the second tier of the English rugby union league system, Champ Rugby, having won promotion from National League 1 at the end of the 2016-17 season.

The club is based at Hartpury University in Gloucestershire, England, and is made up primarily of the university's students and staff. Several Hartpury University players have gone on to play for Gloucester and other professional teams. They also jointly run Gloucester-Hartpury, who play in Premiership Women's Rugby, with Gloucester Rugby.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Isopropamide
Isopropamide (R79) is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity (gastrointestinal acidosis) and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as a bromide or chloride salt. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1954.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
Safety sign
A safety sign is a sign designed to warn of hazards, indicate mandatory actions or required use of personal protective equipment, prohibit actions or objects, identify the location of firefighting or safety equipment, or marking of exit routes.

In addition to being encountered in industrial facilities; safety signs are also found in public places and communities, at electrical pylons and electrical substations, cliffs, beaches, bodies of water, on motorized equipment, such as lawn mowers, and areas closed for construction or demolition.

Sign
A sign is an object, quality, event, or entity whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm, or medical symptoms a sign of disease. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence; similarly the words and expressions of a language, as well as bodily gestures, can be regarded as signs, expressing particular meanings. The physical objects most commonly referred to as signs (notices, road signs, etc., collectively known as signage) generally inform or instruct using written text, symbols, pictures or a combination of these.

The philosophical study of signs and symbols is called semiotics; this includes the study of semiosis, which is the way in which signs (in the semiotic sense) operate.
Dalmarnock railway station
Dalmarnock railway station, serving the Dalmarnock area of Glasgow, Scotland, lies on the Argyle Line, two and a quarter miles (3.6 km) southeast of Glasgow Central. The northern ends of the side platforms are within a tunnel (refer image). Revamped for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the station is a 15-minute walk from the Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome, and Celtic football club's Celtic Park stadium at Parkhead. Due to this, The station is busy on matchdays and a queueing system takes place on Swanson Street

Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome
The Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome, known for sponsorship reasons as the Emirates Arena, is an indoor arena and velodrome in Dalmarnock, Glasgow, Scotland. Built for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, these venues hosted the badminton and track cycling events. Situated opposite Celtic Park in the East End of Glasgow, the complex is also the headquarters of Scottish Cycling.
Faras Cathedral
Faras Cathedral was a cathedral in the Lower Nubian city of Faras. It was the original seat of the Diocese of Faras.

Nobadian rulers controlling the Nile Valley from the first to the third cataracts converted to Christianity around 548 AD influenced by  missionaries sent from Constantinople by the Empress Theodora. The first cathedral was erected in the 7th century, when the city was still known as Pachoras, and likely stood at the exact site where Polish archaeologists taking part in the Nubia Campaign discovered the subsequent 8th-century cathedral. The site was excavated by Polish archaeologists under Kazimierz Michałowski between 1960 and 1964.

Its wall paintings were salvaged  prior to the flooding of Lake Nasser and are today on display in the Polish National Museum in Warsaw in the Faras Gallery and in the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum. In addition, a major pottery works was found.

Faras
Faras (formerly Ancient Greek: Παχώρας, Pakhôras; Latin: Pachoras; Old Nubian: Ⲡⲁⲭⲱⲣⲁⲥ, Pakhoras) was a major city in Lower Nubia. The site of the city, on the border between modern Egypt and Sudan at Wadi Halfa Salient, was flooded by Lake Nasser in the 1960s and is now permanently underwater. Before this flooding, extensive archaeological work was conducted by a Polish archaeological team led by professor Kazimierz Michałowski.
Illawarra Road
Illawarra Road is a bypass road in the north of the Australian state of Tasmania. It connects the Midland Highway (N1) in Perth with the Bass Highway (N1) and the Meander Valley Highway (B54), bypassing the city of Launceston.

Meander Valley Highway
The Meander Valley Highway (B54) is a highway located in the northern region of Tasmania, Australia. It connects the town of Deloraine to the Midland Highway near Launceston, providing a scenic route through the Meander Valley.
Mount Llana
Mount Llana (Bulgarian: връх Ляна, romanized: vrah Lyana, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈʎanɐ]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 1300 m at the north extremity of Urda Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is connected to Jerez Peak by Soyka Saddle, and surmounts Bersame Glacier to the west and Highton Glacier to the east.

The peak is named after the Spanish mariner José de la Llana who probably discovered Shag Rocks, South Georgia in 1762.

Urda Ridge
Urda Ridge (Bulgarian: Урдин хребет, ‘Urdin Hrebet’ \'ur-din 'hre-bet\) is the mostly ice-covered ridge occupying the interior of southern Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It extends 8 km in north-northeast to south-southwest direction and 9 km in west-northwest to east-southeast direction, rising to 1950 m at the island's summit Mount Irving, and is connected to Ravelin Ridge to the north by Soyka Saddle.  The southeast slopes of the feature are drained by Dobrodan and Highton Glaciers, and its northwest slopes — by Skaplizo, Giridava and Bersame Glaciers.  Urda is a Thracian place name from Southern Bulgaria.
Fort Baldwin
Fort Baldwin is a former coastal defense fortification near the mouth of the Kennebec River in Phippsburg, Maine, United States, preserved as the Fort Baldwin State Historic Site. It was named after Jeduthan Baldwin, an engineer for the Continental Army during the American Revolution. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

6-inch gun M1897
The 6-inch gun M1897 (152 mm) and its variants the M1900, M1903, M1905, M1908, and M1 (a.k.a. T2) were coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1897 and 1945. For most of their history they were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. They were installed on disappearing carriages or pedestal (a.k.a. barbette) mountings, and during World War II many were remounted on shielded barbette carriages. Most of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped within a few years after World War II.
Olde Richmond, Philadelphia
Olde Richmond is a neighborhood in the River Wards section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is notable for its historically large Polish immigrant, Polish American community, and Irish American community.  The U.S. ZIP Code for Olde Richmond is 19125 and its post office is located at 1602 Frankford Avenue (in Fishtown).

SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes
The City Transit Division of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) operate almost all of Philadelphia's public transit, including all six trolley, three trackless trolley, and 70 bus lines within city limits. Some of the bordering municipalities are served by the City Transit division, despite not being part of the city. For example, Cheltenham Township has 13 city division routes and no Suburban Division ones. The City Transit division also operates the 400 Series routes which are designed to serve students attending schools in the city of Philadelphia.

The City Transit Division is broken down into seven districts (Allegheny, Callowhill, Comly, Elmwood, Frankford, Midvale, and Southern) and Contract Operations.
Fiona Simpson
Fiona Stuart Simpson (born 18 April 1965 in Sea Lake, Victoria) is an Australian politician serving as Liberal National Party (LNP) member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, representing Maroochydore since 1992. Simpson served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2012 to 2015 and further served as the Deputy Leader of the Queensland National Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2008. Simpson is currently Minister for Women and Minister for Women's Economic Security
Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships and Multiculturalism.

Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland
The speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is elected by the members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The Speaker must be a member of the Legislative Assembly. The position is currently held by Pat Weir, who was elected to the post on 26 November 2024.
Jabal al Gharbi Governorate
Jabal al Gharbi Governorate or Jebal al Gharbi Governorate was one of the governorates (muhafazah) of Libya from 1963 to 1983. Its capital was Gharian. Other important towns in the governorate were Yafran, Nalut, Ghadames and Mizda. It was created out of the southwestern part of Tripolitania province.

In 1970 the governorate was renamed Gharyan Governorate, but the boundaries remained unchanged.

In 1972 the governorate had 5 districts named after the main towns: Gharyan, Yafran, Nalut, Ghadames and Mizda.

The governorate's population was 180,883 in 1964 and had risen to 245,018 by 1972.

Nalut
Nalut (Arabic: نالوت) is the capital of the Nalut District in northwestern Libya. Nalut lies approximately halfway between Tripoli and Ghadames, at the western end of the Nafusa Mountains coastal range, in the Tripolitania region.
Alignment (role-playing games)
In some role-playing games (RPGs), alignment is a categorization of the moral and ethical perspective of the player characters, non-player characters, monsters, and societies in the game. Not all role-playing games have such a system, and some narrativist role-players consider such a restriction on their characters' outlook on life to be overly constraining.  However, some regard a concept of alignment to be essential to role-playing, since they regard role-playing as an exploration of the themes of good and evil. A basic distinction can be made between alignment typologies, based on one or more sets of systematic moral categories, and mechanics that either assign characters a degree of adherence to a single set of ethical characteristics or allow players to incorporate a wide range of motivations and personality characteristics into gameplay.

Non-player character
A non-player character  (NPC) is a character in a game that is not controlled by a player. The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster, or referee, rather than by another player. In video games, this usually means a computer-controlled character that has a predetermined set of behaviors that potentially will impact gameplay, but will not necessarily be the product of true artificial intelligence.
Polyxenus lagurus
Polyxenus lagurus, also known as the bristly millipede, is a species of millipede in the family Polyxenidae. This millipede is common in Europe and found in many areas of North America. Like other species in the genus Polyxenus, this species is small and covered with detachable bristles that can entangle ants and spiders that attack the millipede. This species is notable for including populations that are parthenogenetic as well as those that reproduce sexually.

Polyxenus (millipede)
Polyxenus is a genus of millipede in the family Polyxenidae. This genus includes at least 29 valid species. This genus has a worldwide distribution, with species found on all continents except Antarctica.
Causes of schizophrenia
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood. A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.

Parahippocampal gyrus
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus) is a grey matter cortical region, a gyrus of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis. Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia.
Cullen Viaduct
The Cullen Viaduct is a former single-track railway viaduct at the Moray Firth in Cullen, Moray, Scotland. Containing eight arches, it formerly carried the Great North of Scotland Railway line between Portsoy in Aberdeenshire and Elgin in Moray. Crossing the Burn of Cullen and the A98, it was built as a result of a refusal by Seafield Estate, to the south, to have the line encroach on its land.

Work on the viaduct was completed in 1886, under the guidance of engineer P. M. Barnett; it is now a Grade B listed structure.

The line closed in 1968, and the viaduct is now used as a recreational path, part of the Moray Firth Trail and the Sustrans national cycle path.

Three other structures are located further to the east: a single span connecting North Deskford Street to the main road, a four-arch viaduct spanning North Castle Street and a four-arch bridge at the foot of Seafield Street (part of the A98), under which vehicles and pedestrians pass.

A98 road
The A98 road is a major coastal road of northeast Scotland passing through Moray and Aberdeenshire. The A98 is no longer a primary route, with this status being removed shortly after the A92 was renumbered A90.