hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Political institutions of ancient Rome
Various lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented. Each entry in a list is a link to a separate article. Categories included are: laws (5), and legislatures (7); state offices (40) and office holders (6 lists); political factions (2 + 1 conflict) and social ranks (8). A political glossary (38) of similar construction follows.

King of Rome
The king of Rome (Latin: Rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom, a legendary period of Roman history that functioned as an elective monarchy. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown. These kings ruled for an average of 35 years.

The kings after Romulus were not known to be dynasts and no reference is made to the hereditary principle until after the fifth king Tarquinius Priscus. Consequently, some have assumed that the Tarquins' attempt to institute a hereditary monarchy over this conjectured earlier elective monarchy resulted in the formation of the Republic.
Dongola, Missouri
Dongola is an unincorporated community in the southern part of Liberty Township in Bollinger County, Missouri, United States. The community is located nine miles south of Marble Hill on Missouri Route 51.

The origin of the name is uncertain, but may have some connection with Dongola, a small town in Union County, Illinois. A post office was in operation between 1899–1923.

Liberty Township, Bollinger County, Missouri
Liberty Township is one of eight townships in Bollinger County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 U.S. census, its population was 1,224. As of the 2010 U.S. census, its population had increased to 1,371. Liberty Township covers an area of 91.51 square miles (237.0 km2).
Nagaraphirom Park
Nagaraphirom Park (Thai: สวนนาคราภิรมย์) was a small public park of about 3 rai (0.48 ha; 1.2 acres) on the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. Located on Maharat Road, Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang Subdistrict, Phra Nakhon District behind the Grand Palace between Tha Tian (N8) and Tha Chang Wang Luang Pier (N9).

On June 26, 2009 King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) named the park "Nagaraphirom", meaning "delightful park for the townspeople".

Nagaraphirom Park officially opened in December 2010. The park was open daily from 05:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m.

In 2016 the park was razed to build an underground parking garage. It was announced that construction would take two years, but the garage was never built. The park's former location is now a parking lot.

Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang subdistrict
Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang (Thai: พระบรมมหาราชวัง, pronounced [pʰráʔ bɔ̄ː.rōm mā.hǎː râːt.tɕʰā.wāŋ]) is a khwaeng (subdistrict) of Phra Nakhon District, in Bangkok, Thailand. In 2017 it had a total population of 3,953 people. The subdistrict was named after the Grand Palace or Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang in Thai, which is located within the subdistrict.

The subdistrict is the home of Wang Tha Phra Campus of Silpakorn University.
Zaušje
Zaušje (Serbian Cyrillic: Заушје) is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before 1992, a large majority (99%) of the population consisted of Bosniaks, and 148 people lived in the village. According to the 2013 census, only 11 people live in the village.

Bileća
Bileća (Serbian Cyrillic: Билећа) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.
Suturaspis
Suturaspis is a genus of Diaspididae found in the Mediterranean region.

It inhabits plants such as almond trees, peach trees, and the Prunus webbii shrub.

It has been reported to have been infected by the Fusarium larvarum fungus, which acts as a biocontrol of the insect in Apulia, Italy.

Diaspididae
Diaspididae is the largest family of scale insects with over 2650 described species in around 400 genera. As with all scale insects, the female produces a waxy protective scale beneath which it feeds on its host plant. Diaspidid scales are far more substantial than those of most other families, incorporating the exuviae from the first two nymphal instars and sometimes faecal matter and fragments of the host plant. These can be complex and extremely waterproof structures rather resembling a suit of armor. For this reason these insects are commonly referred to as armored scale insects. As it is so robust and firmly attached to the host plant, the scale often persists long after the insect has died.

Some African Diaspididae are attended by ants of genus Melissotarsus. The ants appear to consume the armored scales because Diaspididae are completely naked when ant-attended; the ant nest itself remains completely hidden under the bark of the tree.
Butlin's
Butlin's is a chain of large seaside resorts in the United Kingdom, incorporated as Butlins Skyline Limited. Butlin's was founded by Billy Butlin to provide affordable holidays for ordinary British families.

Between 1936 and 1966, ten camps were built, including one in Ireland and one in the Bahamas. In the 1970s and 1980s, Butlin's also operated numerous large hotels, including one in Spain, a number of smaller holiday parks in England and France, and a revolving restaurant in the Post Office Tower in London.

Tough competition from overseas package holiday operators, rising operational costs, and rapidly changing demand, forced many of the Butlin's operations to close in the 1980s and 1990s. Three of the original camps remain open under the Butlins brand in Bognor Regis, Minehead, and Skegness. They are now owned and run by Butlins Skyline Ltd, which is now wholly owned by the Harris Family Trust.

Butlin's Filey
Filey Holiday Camp was a Butlin's holiday camp near Filey, North Yorkshire, England, built for Billy Butlin's holiday organisation. Construction of the camp began in 1939. From 1939 to 1945, the camp was used as a military training base, as RAF Hunmanby Moor. The camp closed in 1983.

The camp was served by its own railway branch and station (Filey Holiday Camp railway station) from 1947, however the station closed in 1977 due to greater car ownership. The derelict railway station platforms remain in situ today; however they are on private land.

Part of the old camp was replaced by Primrose Valley holiday park, and the adjacent "The Bay Filey" holiday resort. The boating lake was filled in and is now a large green area with a central path through it from the holiday park to the beach.
Silene villosa
Silene villosa, the desert campion, is a therophyte and an annual plant of the family Caryophyllaceae and genus Silene. It has ascending and spreading branches of around 50 cm. It blooms from February to April and its flowers are white, tubular, and solitary.

Silene
Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many Silene species are widely distributed, particularly in the northern hemisphere.
N79 highway
National Route 79 (N79) is a 302-kilometer (188 mi), two-to-four lane national primary road connecting the provinces of Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte, and Zamboanga Sibugay. It traverses through many municipalities in Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental.

Misamis Occidental
Misamis Occidental (Cebuano: Kasadpang Misamis; Subanen: Sindepan Mis'samis; Maranao: Sedepan Misamis; Filipino: Kanlurang Misamis), officially the Province of Misamis Occidental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital is the city of Oroquieta while Ozamiz is the most-populous city. The province borders Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur to the west and is separated from Lanao del Norte by Panguil Bay to the south and Iligan Bay to the east.
Turkey national badminton team
The Turkey national badminton team (Turkish: Türkiye milli badminton takımı) represents Turkey in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Turkish Badminton Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Badminton Federasyonu), the national organization for badminton in Turkey. The Turkey national team have never competed in the Thomas Cup and the Uber Cup.

Turkey have competed multiple times at the Sudirman Cup. The Turkey women's team had entered three consecutive quarterfinals at the European Women's Team Badminton Championships from 2016 to 2020.

In individual events, Turkey has won three bronze medals at the European Badminton Championships, most of them won by Neslihan Yiğit and Özge Bayrak. Neslihan and Özge also won Turkey's first badminton medal in the European Games.

Turkish Badminton Federation
The Turkish Badminton Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Badminton Federasyonu, TBF) is the governing body for badminton in Turkey. It aims to govern, encourage and develop the sport for all throughout the country.
Melonycteris
Melonycteris (dark blossom bat) is a genus of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. Members are found in the Solomon Islands or in the case of the black-bellied fruit bat, in Papua New Guinea.

It contains the following species:

Fardoulis's blossom bat, Melonycteris fardoulisi

Black-bellied fruit bat, Melonycteris melanops

Woodford's fruit bat, Melonycteris woodfordi

Fardoulis's blossom bat
Fardoulis's blossom bat (Melonycteris fardoulisi) is a species of bat in the Pteropodidae family. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is named after Emmanuel Fardoulis.
Drake's Venture
Drake's Venture is a 1980 film depiction of Francis Drake's voyage of circumnavigation.  Produced by Westward Television to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the event, it focuses on the voyage's most controversial aspect, the execution of the gentleman Thomas Doughty for mutiny. The film has been aired in the UK on 28 December 1980 by Westward Television, on 19 October 2024  and 12 October 2025 by Rewind TV, and once in the US on Masterpiece Theatre on 27 March 1983.

Christopher Hatton
Sir Christopher Hatton (12 December 1540 – 20 November 1591) was an English politician, Lord Chancellor of England and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England. He was one of the judges who found Mary, Queen of Scots guilty of treason.
Viepri
Viepri is an Italian village in the Colli Martani of central Umbria, a frazione of Massa Martana, 7 km north of that town and another 7 km south-southwest of Bastardo.

According to the 2021 census, Viepri has a population of 147 inhabitants and stands at an elevation of 478 metres (1,568 ft) above sea level.

Massa Martana
Massa Martana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Perugia and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Terni.

It is one of the classic walled towns of central Italy. The modern town has spread northwards along the road. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Rohit Chand
Rohit Chand Thakuri (Nepali: रोहित चन्द; born 1 March 1992) is a Nepalese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for the Nepal national team. During his teenage years, Chand was heavily linked to clubs such as Arsenal, Tottenham, and Lille. Chand was awarded The Best Player of The Year in Liga 1 2018 (the highest level of Indonesia football competition) as well as becoming champion with Persija Jakarta.

2010 Martyr's Memorial A-Division League
The 2010 Martyr's Memorial A-Division League (known as the Martyrs' Memorial San Miguel 'A' Division League Football Tournament 2010 for sponsorship reasons) was the 38th season of the Martyr's Memorial A-Division League since its establishment in 1954/55. A total of 12 teams competed in the league. The season began on 12 February 2010 and concluded on 14 June 2010.

It was the first time the League held since 2006–07, as the seasons in the mean time were cancelled due to conflicts between ANFA and the clubs.

Defending champion Nepal Police Club has won the league with two matches remaining.

1971 League Champion Boys Union Club was relegated to B Division after 58 years in league history by the goal difference with APF Club having the equal 22 points whereas losing the 15 matches among 22 three times league champion Sankata Club also relegated to B Division after 37 years.
Malwarebytes
Malwarebytes Inc. is an American cybersecurity company that develops software to protect computers and mobile devices from malicious software and other digital threats. It was founded in 2008 by Marcin Kleczynski, who serves as chief executive officer. The company is based in Santa Clara, California.

In 2023, Malwarebytes separated its business security division under the new name ThreatDown, which continues to develop and maintain the company’s enterprise security products. In 2024, Malwarebytes acquired the Sweden-based virtual private network provider AzireVPN to expand its privacy-focused software portfolio.

PCMag
PC Magazine (shortened as PCMag) is an American computer magazine published by Ziff Davis. A print edition was published from 1982 to January 2009. Publication of online editions started in late 1994 and continues as of 2026.
2024 Tour de Luxembourg
The 2024 Tour de Luxembourg (officially Škoda Tour de Luxembourg 2024 for sponsorships reasons) was the 84th edition of the Tour de Luxembourg road cycling stage race, which is the part of the 2024 UCI ProSeries. It began on the 18th of September in Luxembourg City and finished on the 22nd of September also in Luxembourg City.

2024 UCI ProSeries
The 2024 UCI ProSeries was the fifth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 55 events, of which 33 are one-day races (1.Pro), and 22 are stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, five in Asia, and one in the United States.
2023 Kazakhstan Super Cup
The 2023 Kazakhstan Super Cup was the 14th Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Astana, and the winners of the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Ordabasy. The match was played on 25 February 2023, at the Astana Arena in Astana. Astana won the match 2–1 for their 6th Super Cup title, the first in 3 years.

Kazakhstan Super Cup
The Kazakhstan Super Cup (Kazakh: Қазақстан Суперкубогы, Qazaqstan Superkubogy) is a one-match football annual competition. The two participating clubs are the Kazakhstan Premier League champion and the Kazakhstan Cup winner. If these two competitions are won by the same team, then the other participant will be the runner-up of Kazakhstan Premier League.

The inaugural edition of the trophy was in 2008.
Emam Ashour
Emam Ashour Metwally Abdelghany (Arabic: إمام عاشور متولي عبد الغني; born 20 February 1998) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Egyptian Premier League club Al Ahly and the Egypt national team.

Al Masry SC
Al-Masry Sporting Club (Arabic: النادي المصري للألعاب الرياضية) is an Egyptian sports club based in Port Said, Egypt. The club is mainly known for its professional football team that competes in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest tier of the Egyptian football league system.

Al-Masry has never won the league, but won their one Egyptian Cup in 1998. The club used to play their home matches at the Port Said Stadium, with a capacity of 17,988.
New Pantai Expressway
The E10 New Pantai Expressway (Bahasa Malay: Lebuhraya Baru Pantai) (known as NPE), is a controlled-access highway in the Klang Valley region of Peninsular Malaysia. The 19.6-kilometre (12.2-mile) expressway runs parallel to the Federal Highway, between Subang Jaya, Selangor in the southwest and Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur in the northeast.

Federal Highway (Malaysia)
Federal Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Persekutuan; Jawi: لبوهراي ڤرسكوتوان‎; Chinese: 联邦大道, abbreviation: FH2) is a Malaysian controlled-access highway connecting the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, and Klang, the former capital of the state of Selangor. The highway starts from Seputeh in Kuala Lumpur to Klang, Selangor. It is the busiest highway in Klang Valley during rush hour from/to Kuala Lumpur. The Federal Highway is coded as Federal Route 2.
Neptune Oyster
Neptune Oyster is an oyster house in the North End, Boston. Their Lobster roll is considered one of Boston's iconic dishes. Kelli and Jeff Nace opened the restaurant in 2004, inspired by Parisian oyster bars and having only 37 seats.

They appeared on Food Paradise (season 10).

North End, Boston
The North End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the city's oldest residential community, having been inhabited since it was colonized in the 1630s. It covers 0.36 square miles (0.93 km2), but the neighborhood has nearly one hundred establishments and a variety of tourist attractions. It is known for its Italian American population and Italian restaurants.
Inkjet solar cell
Inkjet solar cells are solar cells manufactured by low-cost, high tech methods that use an inkjet printer to lay down the semiconductor material and the electrodes onto a  solar cell substrate.

This approach is being developed independently at various locations including the University of New South Wales, Oregon State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Saule Technologies Although inkjet printed solar cells were not a major focus previously due to their relatively low efficiencies, the appearance of perovskite solar cells, has led to a renewed interest in the development of inkjet printed solar cells, due to their nature of being solution processable. Perovskite solar cells currently are up to an efficiency of 25.2%, and fully inkjet printed perovskite solar cells have been shown to be able to have over 17% stabilized power conversion efficiency (SPCE).

Copper indium gallium selenide
Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated "CIS") and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuIn1−xGaxSe2, where the value of x can vary from 0 (pure copper indium selenide) to 1 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with the chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandgap varying continuously with x from about 1.0 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide).
Skeletal system of the horse
The skeletal system of the horse has three major functions in the body.  It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body.  Horses typically have 205 bones.  The pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones.

Ligament
A ligament is a type of fibrous connective tissue in the body that connects bones to other bones. It also connects flight feathers to bones, in dinosaurs and birds. All 30,000 species of amniotes (land animals with internal bones) have ligaments.

It is also known as articular ligament, articular larua, fibrous ligament, or true ligament.
Utti Air Base
Utti Air Base (IATA: UTI, ICAO: EFUT) (Finnish: Utin lentoasema) is a military airport located in Utti, Kouvola, Finland, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8 mi) east of Kouvola city centre. The helicopter battalion of the Utti Jaeger Regiment is based here.

Utti
Utti is a village in Valkeala, since 2009 a part of Kouvola, Finland. In 1918 General Carl Gustaf Mannerheim set up the first Finnish Air Force base in the village.  Today, Utti is best known for the Utti Jaeger Regiment, a helicopter base and a training ground for special forces and military police, and civilian skydiving recreational activities.
Public Law 79-476
Public Law 79-476 (Pub. L. 79–476, 60 Stat. 346, enacted July 1, 1946) is a statute passed by the 79th U.S. Congress. It provided that the Civil Air Patrol, which later became a civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force, was to be "solely of a benevolent character" and not for its members' pecuniary profit.

The statute established the Civil Air Patrol as a federally chartered corporation. In 1948, the Civil Air Patrol Act established it as an auxiliary of the Air Force.

79th United States Congress
The 79th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1947, during the last months of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, and the first two years of Harry Truman's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1940 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic majority (including increasing their edge in the House). With the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a record fourth term, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
Grahovo (region)
Grahovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Грахово) is a field and historical region in western Montenegro. The region's area roughly comprises 219 km2, west of Rudine, in the centre between Petrovići and Cuce, from the top of Orjen mountain to the west of the Ostrog Monastery.

Battle of Grahovac
The Battle of Grahovac took place in the eponymous village of Grahovac from 11 to 13 May 1858, when the Montenegrin Grand Duke Mirko Petrović-Njegoš led the army of Principality of Montenegro against the Ottomans, ending in a decisive Montenegrin victory. After the victory, the demarcation of the border between Montenegro and the Ottoman Bosnia Eyalet was finalised. A considerable arsenal of war trophies was captured following the retreat of the Ottoman army.
White River Township, Gibson County, Indiana
White River Township is one of ten townships in Gibson County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,472 (down from 1,689 at 2010) and it contained 723 housing units.

It took its name from the White River.

Wabash County, Illinois
Wabash County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 11,361. Its county seat is Mount Carmel. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".
Tarakamaya War
The Tarakamaya War (Sanskrit: तारकामय युद्ध) transl. 'war over the love of Tara' is described to be an ancient conflict in Hindu mythology, instigated by the elopement of Tara, the consort of Brihaspati, by Soma, the god of the moon. It is mentioned in the Padma Purana, and described to be the fifth war in the series of Devasura Sangrama, the battles between the devas and the asuras.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
Petunia integrifolia
Petunia integrifolia (syn. Petunia violacea), the violet petunia or violetflower petunia, is a species of wild petunia with violet-colored blooms. Petunia integrifolia is native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.

P. integrifolia bears flowers approximately 1.5 inch in diameter and the plant is typically smaller and harder to cultivate than the well-known hybrid bedding Petunia now known correctly as Petunia × atkinsiana.

Petunia
Petunia is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin. The popular flower of the same name derived its epithet from the French, which took the word pétun, 'tobacco', from a Tupi–Guarani language. A tender perennial plant, most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (Petunia × atkinsiana, also known as Petunia × hybrida).