hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seta, Greece
Seta (Greek: Σέτα, also Σέττα - Setta) is a mountain village and a community in the northern part of the municipal unit of Amarynthos, on the island of Euboea, Greece. The community includes the village Kato Seta. It is situated in the mountainous interior of Euboea, northeast of the mountain Olympus and southeast of Dirfi, the highest mountain of the island. It is 10 km south of Stropones, 16 km north of Amarynthos and 30 km east of Chalcis. Seta suffered damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.

Stropones
Stropones (Greek: Στρόπωνες) is a small village and a community in the island of Euboea in central Greece. This village of about 500 residents is located in central Euboea, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from Chalcis. The village is approximately 366 m (1,201 ft) above sea level. A popular beach, called Paralia Chiliadou, is located a few kilometres from Stropones.

The community consists of the villages Stropones, Paralia Chiliadou, Lamari and Agia Eirini.
The Dead Man
The Dead Man was a science fiction strip in the British comic 2000 AD by writer John Wagner and artist John Ridgway, published in black and white in 1989–90. Although it was not billed as a Judge Dredd story, it featured Dredd as the amnesiac protagonist known only as the Dead Man. It was part of a series of stories that set the scene for the main Judge Dredd story of 1990, "Necropolis".

Mega-City One
Mega-City One is a fictional city that features in the Judge Dredd comic book series and related media. A post-nuclear megalopolis covering much of what is now the Eastern United States and some of Canada, the city's exact geography depends on the writer and artist working the story. From its first appearance it has been associated with New York City's urban sprawl; originally presented as a future New York, it was retconned as the centre of a "Mega-City One" in the third issue.

The Architects' Journal placed it at No. 1 in their list of "comic book cities".
San mai
San mai (Japanese: 三枚, Hepburn: sanmai), in the context of metal blade construction/metalwork, refers to a knife, blade or sword that has the hard steel hagane forming the blade's edge, and the iron/stainless forming a jacket on both sides. It is also the term used to refer to the technique used to create these blades.

Tamahagane
Tamahagane (玉鋼) is a type of steel made in the Japanese tradition. The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools.

The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%.
National Youth Orchestra of Wales
The National Youth Orchestra of Wales (NYOW, Welsh: Cerddorfa Genedlaethol Ieuenctid Cymru) is the national youth orchestra of Wales, based in Cardiff. Founded in 1945, it is the longest-standing national youth orchestra in the world.

St Asaph Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saints Asaph and Cyndeyrn, commonly called St Asaph Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Llanelwy), is a cathedral in St Asaph, Denbighshire, north Wales. It is the episcopal seat of the Bishop of St Asaph. The cathedral dates back 1,400 years, while the current building dates from the 13th century. The cathedral is part of the Church in Wales and part of the Anglican Communion of Wales.
Binhai railway station
Binhai railway station (Chinese: 滨海站; pinyin: Bīnhǎi Zhàn), formerly Yujiapu railway station, is an underground railway station located in Binhai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. It is the southern terminus of the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway and serves the Yujiapu Financial District, an area with many new skyscrapers. It is considered one of the four main rail transportation hubs for Tianjin with Tianjin, Tianjin West and Binhai West railway station. It is to be served by the Tianjin Metro lines B1 and Z4.

Tianjin railway station
Tianjin railway station (Chinese: 天津站; pinyin: Tiānjīn Zhàn), also translated as Tianjin station, is the principal railway station in Tianjin, China. It was established in 1888, rebuilt in 1987–1988, and restructured in 2007–2008. Its Chinese big title was written by Deng Xiaoping in 1988, for celebrating the 100th anniversary of its founding.

Since 1 August 2008, it serves as the terminus for high-speed trains to the city, including the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway, which can reach speeds above 350 km/h.
Kasuga-class cruiser
The Kasuga-class cruiser (春日型巡洋艦, Kasuga-gata jun'yōkan) was a class of two armored cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) based on the Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruisers developed by Italy at the end of the 19th century.

Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruiser
The Giuseppe Garibaldi-class cruisers were a class of ten armoured cruisers built in Italy in the 1890s and the first decade of the 20th century. The ships were built for both the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) and for export. The class was named for Italian unifier and nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Phyllactinia angulata
Phyllactinia angulata is a plant pathogen infecting chestnut, beech, oak and elm trees in North America with powdery mildew. Collections on elm were segregated into a new variety, Phyllactinia angulata var. ulmi.

Reports of this species infecting pistachio are probably instead referrable to Phyllactinia pistaciae, described in 2003.

Erysiphaceae
Erysiphaceae (commonly known as powdery mildews) is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Helotiales. The members of this family are obligate parasites with a superficial mycelium that forms a characteristic white, powdery coating on their host plants.

The family contains seventeen genera and around a thousand species. Combined they infect over 10,000 species of plants, many of which are commercially valuable.
English plurals
English plurals include the plural forms of English nouns and English determiners. This article discusses the variety of ways in which English plurals are formed from the corresponding singular forms, as well as various issues concerning the usage of singulars and plurals in English. For plurals of pronouns, see English personal pronouns.

Phonological transcriptions provided in this article are for Received Pronunciation and General American. For more information, see English phonology.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Saint-Avit, Drôme
Saint-Avit is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
Saint-Avit was detached from the municipality of Ratières on November 15, 1869 and is located 17 km east of Saint-Vallier (capital of the canton) and 10 km north of Saint-Donat-sur-l'Herbasse.

The surrounding communities are Ratières, Saint-Martin-d'Août, Bathernay, Châteauneuf-de-Galaure, Mureils and Claveyson.

Châteauneuf-de-Galaure
Châteauneuf-de-Galaure (Arpitan: Châtélnôf-de-Goualôro) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

Châteauneuf-de-Galaure has a Franciscan abbey, in the course of being restored, with a cart-track.
Gmina Świercze
Gmina Świercze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Świercze, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (13 mi) west of Pułtusk and 52 km (32 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 93.04 square kilometres (35.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,771 (4,740 in 2011).

Pułtusk County
Pułtusk County (Polish: powiat pułtuski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Pułtusk, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) north of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 828.63 square kilometres (319.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 51,862, out of which the population of Pułtusk is 19,432 and the rural population is 32,430.
1912 College Football All-Southern Team
The 1912 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations for the 1912 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Lew Hardage was selected for Walter Camp's third-team All-American. Vanderbilt won the SIAA championship. Georgetown won the SAIAA championship.

Innis Brown, a referee throughout the south, and captain of Vanderbilt's 1905 championship team, was hired to select the team of the Atlanta Constitution. The Constitution's editor Dick Jemison also selected a team. Former Georgia player and captain and then assistant Harold Ketron selected a team. Georgia Tech head coach John Heisman as usual picked one also. Former Mississippi head coach Nathan Stauffer selected an All-Southern team for Collier's Weekly.

Innis Brown
Innis Brown (March 31, 1884 – January 23, 1961) was a college football player, referee, sportswriter, and civil engineer.  His sports articles were nationally known, writing for the New York Sun and Hearst newspapers.
Isabelle de Beauvau
Isabelle de Beauvau or Isabeau de Beauvau (around 1436–1475) was a French noblewoman, of the Beauvau family, lady of Champigny and de La Roche-sur-Yon, and countess of Vendôme by her marriage to John VIII.

René of Anjou
René I of Anjou (Italian: Renato; Occitan: Rainièr; 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1434 to 1480, who also reigned as King of Naples from 1435 to 1442 (then deposed). Having spent his last years in Aix-en-Provence, he is known in France as the Good King René (Occitan: Rei Rainièr lo Bòn; French: Le bon roi René).

René was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France.  He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. Other than the aforementioned titles, he was also Duke of Bar from the 1420s onwards and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 to 1453.
Bowls at the 2026 Commonwealth Games
Bowls is among the sports contested at the 2026 Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow, Scotland. This was the twenty-second staging of lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games having featured in every Games bar 1966, and the fourth staging within Scotland specifically.

The competition is scheduled to take place between 24 July and 2 August 2026, with a reduced program, for the first time in an indoor bowls format.

Lawn bowls at the Commonwealth Games
Bowls is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games; however, it was not included in the programme of the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica due to no sufficient bowling greens being available. Along with swimming, athletics, cycling, table tennis, powerlifting and triathlon, bowls is one of the EAD (Elite Athletes with a Disability) sports. In 2026 for the first time the indoor version of the sport shall be held.
The Voice of Poland season 8
The eighth season of The Voice of Poland began airing on 2 September 2017 on TVP 2. It aired on Saturdays at 20:05 and 21:10.

Tomson & Baron, Andrzej Piaseczny and Maria Sadowska returned as coaches, while Michał Szpak replaced Natalia Kukulska.

The Voice of Poland
The Voice of Poland is a Polish reality talent show that premiered on September 3, 2011, on the TVP 2 television network. The Voice of Poland is part of the international syndication The Voice based on the reality singing competition launched in the Netherlands as The Voice of Holland, created by Dutch television producer John de Mol.
Government of Maryland
The government of Maryland is conducted according to the Maryland Constitution. The United States is a federation; consequently, the government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States.

Administrative influence in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Unlike most other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's counties.

Most of the business of government is done in Annapolis, the state capital. However, some cabinet level and state officials have their offices in Baltimore. Almost all state and county elections are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four, in which the President of the United States is not elected—this, as in other states, is intended to divide state and federal politics.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Mass media in Australia
Mass media in Australia spans traditional and digital formats, and caters mostly to its predominantly English-speaking population. It is delivered in a variety of formats including radio, television, newspaper, internet and IPTV. Varieties include local, regional, state, federal and international sources of media, reporting on Australian news, opinion, policy, issues and culture.

Australia has been on a decline on the Press Freedom Index, in reflection of rising media censorship and intimidation of journalists in the country, including media companies maintaining close ties to political leaders, fueling doubts about editorial independence. Two giant firms dominate mass media in Australia – Nine Entertainment and News Corp Australia, a subsidiary of American-based News Corp. The country was ranked 19th out of 180 countries in 2018, before subsequently dropping to 26th out of 180 countries for 2020 and 39th in 2022.

World Press Freedom Index
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of 180 countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the assessment of the non-governmental organization as well as surveys of professionals around the world, of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year. It intends to reflect the degree of freedom that journalists, news organizations, and netizens have in each country, and the efforts made by authorities to respect this freedom. Reporters Without Borders notes that the WPFI only deals with press freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism in the countries it assesses, nor does it look at human rights violations in general.
Defense industry of Bulgaria
Bulgaria is a NATO member country with a large indigenous defence industry. Most of its weaponry is of Soviet design, but with significantly improved performance. Bulgaria is ranked as a "medium" small arms exporter according to the Small Arms Survey.

9K38 Igla
The 9K38 Igla (Russian: Игла́, "needle", NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse) is a Soviet/Russian man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. A simplified, earlier version is known as the 9K310 Igla-1 (NATO: SA-16 Gimlet), and the latest variant is the 9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch).

The Igla-1 entered service in 1981, the Igla in 1983, and the Igla-S in 2004. The Igla has been supplemented by the 9K333 Verba since 2014.
Baja Fresh
Baja Fresh is an American chain of fast-casual Tex-Mex restaurants founded in Newbury Park, California, in 1990 and headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona. It is owned by Canadian franchisor MTY Food Group.  The chain emphasizes fresh ingredients, each restaurant featuring a self-serve salsa bar.

At the time of its acquisition by MTY in 2016, the chain operated 162 restaurants in the United States, Dubai, and Singapore, most of which are franchised.

Fast casual restaurant
A fast casual restaurant, found primarily in the United States, is a restaurant that does not offer full table service, but advertises higher quality food than fast-food restaurants. It is an intermediate concept between fast food and casual dining.
Monument to Women Memorial Garden
40°33′10.3″N 91°23′23.3″W﻿ / ﻿40.552861°N 91.389806°W﻿ / 40.552861; -91.389806

Monument to Women Memorial Garden is a statuary monument in Nauvoo, Illinois, owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The monument is a two-acre garden with twelve statues depicting traditional women's roles. It was constructed in the 1970s to serve as a replacement for the Relief Society monument and designed to promote the woman's values which the LDS Church believed were threatened by the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Dennis Smith and Florence Hansen sculpted the bronze statues and church president Spencer W. Kimball dedicated the monument on June 30, 1978.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
James Hartness
James Hartness (September 3, 1861 – February 2, 1934) was an American business executive, inventor, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, amateur astronomer, and politician who served as the 58th governor of Vermont from 1921 to 1923.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Centralian Superbasin
The Centralian Superbasin is a large intracratonic sedimentary basin which occupied a large area of central, southern and western Australia during much of the Neoproterozoic Era (~830–540 Ma).

This intra-cratonic superbasin was disrupted by two periods of uplift and mountain building, Neoproterozoic Petermann Orogeny (by a central uplift and associated thrusts) and Palaeozoic Alice Springs Orogeny (by mid-Carboniferous tectonism), to leave remnants including the Amadeus, Georgina, Ngalia, and Officer basins.

Alice Springs Orogeny
The Alice Springs Orogeny was a major intraplate tectonic (mountain building) episode in central Australia responsible for the formation of a series of large mountain ranges. The deformation associated with the Alice Spring Orogeny caused the vertically-tilted sandstone layers of the iconic Uluru/Ayers Rock.
Énri Ó Connmhaigh
Énri Ó Connmhaigh (fl. 1405) was Bishop of Clonfert and Bishop of Kilmacduagh.

Bishop Ó Connmhaigh was one of at least two bearers of the surname (now rendered as Conway to hold this office. He was succeeded by a Seaán Ó Connmhaigh, who became bishop in 1441. An apparent kinsman, Máel Muire Ó Connaig, who held the office from  may have been a relative who bore an earlier version of the surname.

Ó Connmhaigh, originally bishop of Clonfert, was  translated from that diocese to Kilmacduagh on 11 March 1405. He succeeded Gregorius Ó Leaáin, whose office was vacant from his death in 1397 until Énri was appointed in 1405. He in turn was succeeded at some unknown date by Dionysius (died 1410).

Máel Muire Ó Connaig
Máel Muire Ó Connaig, Bishop of Kilmacduagh, died 1224.

Máel Muire Ó Connaig may have been the first of a number of a number of members of the same family who occupied the see. Énri Ó Connmhaigh (fl. 1405) and Seaán Ó Connmhaigh (1441–78) may bear later forms of a surname that is now rendered as Conway.

Bishop Ó Connaig predecessor, Ua Cellaig, died sometime in 1215 but it is not known when he himself was appointed or consecrated. He died in 1224.
Gajraj Mishra
Rajguru Gajraj Mishra (Nepali: गजराज मिश्र) also spelled Gajaraj Mishra was a Nepalese politician, ambassador, diplomat and a royal priest of Shah dynasty. He was always inclined to his disciple Prince Regent Bahadur Shah of Nepal. Gajraj Mishra was disfavoured by his disciple King Pratap Singh Shah due to his support to Prince Bahadur Shah. He was also disfavoured by Pratap Singh's son Rana Bahadur Shah.

Rana Bahadur Shah
Rana Bahadur Shah, King of Nepal (Nepali: श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज रण बहादुर शाह देव; 25 May 1775 – 25 April 1806) was King of Nepal, he succeeded to the throne after the death of his father, King Pratap Singh Shah. He ruled under the regencies of his mother, Queen Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi Devi (died, 13 July 1785 from tuberculosis), and then of his uncle, Bahadur Shah. During this time, the kingdom was expanded by conquest to include the Garhwal and Kumaon regions, now part of India. He imprisoned his uncle, Bahadur Shah, who died in jail.
Ray Lynch
Raymond Augustus Lynch (July 3, 1943 – December 22, 2025) was an American guitarist, lutenist, keyboardist, and composer known for his new-age releases in the 1980s.

In the late 1960s, Lynch performed on the lute in New York's Renaissance Quartette, but he withdrew to California and began incorporating electronic music elements, as heard in 1983's The Sky of Mind. He vaulted to fame in 1986 with the single "Celestial Soda Pop" and the 1984 album Deep Breakfast, becoming the first independent new-age artist certified Gold for sales of 500,000. His album No Blue Thing topped the Billboard New Age album chart in 1989. Lynch sued his label Music West and joined Windham Hill in 1992 before retiring in 2000.

The Arizona Republic
The Arizona Republic is an American daily newspaper published in Phoenix. Circulated throughout Arizona, it is the state's largest newspaper. Since 2000, it has been owned by the USA Today Co. newspaper chain.