hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarnoff Fellowship
The Sarnoff Cardiovascular Research Fellowship is a program for US medical students that offers one year of monetary support and a lifetime of academic support for those medical students interested in cardiovascular research. Stanley Sarnoff established the fellowship for medical students in 1979 and it would serve as a prototype for later programs such as the American Heart Association Student Research Scholarship program and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute NIH Research Scholars program, or cloisters program, which would not begin until 1984.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
ISO 3166-2:NI
ISO 3166-2:NI is the entry for Nicaragua in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Nicaragua, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 15 departments and two autonomous regions.

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is NI, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Nicaragua. The second part is two letters.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
ATP Athens Open
The ATP Athens Open is a defunct Grand Prix and ATP Tour affiliated tennis tournament held annually in Athens in Greece from 1986 to 1994, played on outdoor clay courts at Athens Lawn Tennis Club. In 2008 the tournament was renewed under the new name of the Status Athens Open on the ATP Challenger Series, awarding $75,000 in prize money. The historical precursor event to this one was the Athens International Championships founded as the Greek International Championships in 1931, that ran as a combined men's and women's event until 1973. The men's tournament was revived one more time in 1981 then it was discontinued. It was also played at the Athens Lawn Tennis Club.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Coset leader
In coding theory, a coset leader is a word of minimum weight in any particular coset - that is, a word with the lowest amount of non-zero entries. Sometimes there are several words of equal minimum weight in a coset, and in that case, any one of those words may be chosen to be the coset leader.

Coset leaders are used in the construction of a standard array for a linear code, which can then be used to decode received vectors. For a received vector y, the decoded message is y - e, where e is the coset leader of y. Coset leaders can also be used to construct a fast decoding strategy. For each coset leader u we calculate the syndrome uH′. When we receive v we evaluate vH′ and find the matching syndrome. The corresponding coset leader is the most likely error pattern and we assume that v+u was the codeword sent.

Decoding methods
In coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. There have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. These are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel.
Propherallodus briggsi
Propherallodus briggsi is a species of clingfish native to the coasts of Japan.  This species grows to a length of 3 centimetres (1.2 in) SL.  This species is a member of the genus Propherallodus, as described by Masaru Shiogaki and Yoshie Dotsu in 1983 with a type locality of Meshima Island, Japan. Its specific name honours the American ichthyologist John "Jack" C. Briggs (1920–2018).

Gobiesocidae
Clingfishes are ray-finned fishes of the family Gobiesocidae, the only family in the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Blenniiformes. These fairly small to very small fishes are widespread in tropical and temperate regions, mostly near the coast, but a few species live in deeper seas or fresh water. Most species shelter in shallow reefs or seagrass beds, clinging to rocks, algae and seagrass leaves with their sucking disc, a structure on their chest.

They are generally too small to be of interest to fisheries, although the relatively large Sicyases sanguineus regularly is caught as a food fish, and some of the other species occasionally appear in the marine aquarium trade.
HD 213240
HD 213240 is a possible binary star system in the constellation Grus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.81, which lies below the limit of visibility for normal human sight. The system is located at a distance of 133.5 light years from the Sun based on parallax. The primary has an absolute magnitude of 3.77.

This is an ordinary G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G0/G1V. It is a metal-rich star with an age that has been calculated as being anywhere from 2.7 to 4.6 billion years. The star has 1.6 times the mass of the Sun and 1.56 times the Sun's radius. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 3.5 km/s. The star is radiating 2.69 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,921 K.

A red dwarf companion star was detected in 2005 with a projected separation of 3,898 AU.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Rotary friction welding
Rotary friction welding (RFW) is a type of friction welding, which uses friction to heat two surfaces and create a non-separable weld. For rotary friction welding this typically involves rotating one element relative to both the other element, and to the forge, while pressing them together with an axial force. This leads to the interface heating and then creating a permanent connection. Rotary friction welding can weld identical, dissimilar, composite, and non-metallic materials. It, like other friction welding methods, is a type of solid-state welding.

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
McBusted (album)
McBusted is the self-titled debut and only studio album by the English pop punk supergroup McBusted. It was released through Island Records on 1 December 2014. The album was preceded by the release of lead single "Air Guitar", which peaked at number 12 in the United Kingdom.

The album received positive reviews from music critics. It debuted at number nine on the UK Albums Chart, whilst also making 31 in the Republic of Ireland.

Tom Fletcher
Thomas Michael Fletcher (born 17 July 1985) is an English musician, composer, author and vlogger. He is one of the lead vocalists and rhythm guitarist of British pop rock band McFly, in addition to being the group's founder.

In his 20-year career as a professional songwriter, Fletcher has written 10 UK number one singles and 21 top-ten singles. He is credited as having written songs for One Direction, Busted, the Vamps and 5 Seconds of Summer.
Sacred Fools Theater Company
The Sacred Fools Theater Company is a Los Angeles–based theatre company and nonprofit organization. Founded in January 1997, the company is a member organization of the LA Stage Alliance.

For 18 years the company resided at 660 N. Heliotrope in The Heliotrope Theatre. In January 2016 they moved to The Broadwater Studio, a multi-theater complex at 1078 Lillian Way, Los Angeles.

Ovation Awards
The Ovation Awards were a Southern California award for excellence in theatre, established in 1989. They were given out by the non-profit arts service organization LA Stage Alliance and are the only peer-judged theatre awards in Los Angeles. Winners were selected by a voting committee of Los Angeles–area theater professionals who are selected through an application process every year. The Ovation Awards ceremony was held at different theatres throughout the Los Angeles area, including the Ahmanson Theatre and the Orpheum Theatre. Hosts for the ceremonies have included Nathan Lane, Lily Tomlin, and Neil Patrick Harris.
Eggerthellaceae
The Eggerthellaceae are a family of Gram-positive, rod- or coccus-shaped Actinomycetota. It is the sole family within the order Eggerthellales.

The name Eggerthellaceae is derived from the Latin term Eggerthella, referring to the type genus of the family and the suffix "-ceae," an ending used to denote a family. Together, Eggerthellaceae refers to a family whose nomenclatural type is the genus Eggerthella.

Eggerthella
Eggerthella is a bacterial genus of Actinomycetota, in the family Coriobacteriaceae. Members of this genus are anaerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile, Gram-positive bacilli that grow singly, as pairs, or in short chains. They are found in the human colon and feces and have been implicated as a cause of ulcerative colitis, liver and anal abscesses and systemic bacteremia.

The type strain for this genus, Eggerthella lenta, was known as Eubacterium lentum prior to 1999.  The genus is named for Arnold Eggerth, who first described the organism in 1935.

Eggerthella has not been characterized well because of identification difficulties. Only 9 case reports involving Eggerthella bacteremia had been published prior to 2014. It is "most commonly associated with intra-abdominal infections, which are often polymicrobial."
Carpathian Peak
Carpathian Peak is a prominent 6,000+ ft (1,830+ m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Whittier, Alaska, at the isthmus of the Kenai Peninsula, where the Kenai Mountains meet the Chugach Mountains. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the eastern aspect of the mountain rises from sea level at Blackstone Bay in Prince William Sound. The peak's nearest higher peak is Isthmus Peak, 8 mi (13 km) to the south, and nearby Bard Peak lies 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1959 by the United States Geological Survey. The 1959 first ascent party of Keith Hart, Ted Barrett, and Mat Nitsch suggested the name as a tribute to the Carpathian Mountains back in Mat's homeland which at the time was behind the Iron Curtain, with the intention to create a symbol of freedom.

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Wadsley Bridge
Wadsley Bridge is a suburb of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of the city centre. The area is a mixture of residential housing and small industrial and commercial premises. The suburb falls within the Hillsborough ward of the City.

A61 road
The A61 is a major trunk road in England connecting Derby and Thirsk in North Yorkshire by way of Alfreton, Clay Cross, Chesterfield, Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield, Leeds, Harrogate and Ripon. The road is closely paralleled by the M1 motorway between Derby and Leeds.
Immaculate Heart Church, Karnal
The Church of Immaculate Heart of Mary usually known as Immaculate Heart Church, Karnal is located in Karnal city of Haryana, India. It stands on Kunjpura Road near National Highway 1 of India besides the well known St. Theresa's Convent School. It has been declared as a historical monument by Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage.  The Church of Immaculate Heart of Mary is dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary, mother of  Jesus Christ.

Karnal
Karnal (pronunciationⓘ) is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. The city is well connected as it lies on National Highway 01, in the south of the city lies the cities of Panipat and Sonipat and in the north lies Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar city while in the east lies the river Yamuna, on the other end of which lies Saharanpur and Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh on the eastern bank. Karnal was used by the East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.
Chabrette
The chabrette or chabrette limousine (chabreta in Occitan Limousin) is a type of bagpipe native to the Limousin region of central France.

In Périgord, there is a pipe locally known as the chabrette which shares many features with the chabrette limousine (boîtier à miroir, hautbois à pavillon, materials, etc.), but also several distinct differences (petite taille donc tonalité aigüe, bourdon latéral à l'unisson du petit bourdon) which distinguish it from its "big sister" of Limousin.

The cabrette auvergnate (generally made in Paris currently) gradually replaced the native bagpipe in Limousin and other areas of the Massif Central.  The musette berrichonne was played in the northeast of Limousin, in Creuse.  Other bagpipes, locally made or imported, are played throughout the region.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
1888 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1888 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1888 college football season. The team compiled a 2–1 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 94 to 36.  The team scored 76 points against Albion College, a single-game Michigan record that stood until Fielding H. Yost's 1901 "Point-a-Minute" team scored 128 points against Buffalo.   The team closed its season with a Thanksgiving Day game against a "picked team" from the Chicago University Club that The New York Times called "undoubtedly the greatest football event that ever took place in the West."  The captain of the 1888 team was halfback James E. Duffy who had set the world's record for dropkick distance in 1886.

Albion College
Albion College is a private liberal arts college in Albion, Michigan, United States. The college was founded in 1835, and its undergraduate population was approximately 1,500 students as of fall 2021. The college competes in NCAA Division III and the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA).
Sinio
Sinio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 1 January 2017, it had a population of 529 and an area of 8.5 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi).

Sinio borders the following municipalities: Albaretto della Torre, Cerreto Langhe, Montelupo Albese, Roddino, Rodello, and Serralunga d'Alba.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Phaeosphaeria
Phaeosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. It has about 95 species. The genus was circumscribed by Japanese mycologist Ichiro Miyake in 1909, with Phaeosphaeria oryzae assigned as the type species.

Phaeosphaeriaceae
The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants.

Wijayawardene et al. 2020 produced an update that recognized 82 genera.
Molung Rural Municipality
Molung (Nepali: मोलुङ गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality located in Okhaldhunga District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 8 municipalities in Okhaldhunga in which 1 is urban and 7 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Molung has an area of 112 square kilometres (43 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 15862 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Kuntadevi, Baraneshwar, Harkapur, Prapcha, Shreechaur, Patle and Ragadip which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 8 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Prapcha.

Harkapur
Harkapur is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2499 living in 504 individual households.
Cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics
The cycling competitions at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul consisted of two different categories: road cycling and track cycling. Nine events were contested, including the first women's sprint event at the Olympics.

Cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's sprint
The women's track cycling sprint competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics was held from 21 to 24 September. Estonian rider competing for the USSR Erika Salumäe won gold, while East Germany's Christa Luding-Rothenburger won silver and Connie Paraskevin-Young of the United States won bronze.
Landmark Legal Foundation
The Landmark Legal Foundation is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit conservative legal advocacy and education foundation. The President as of 2025 is Richard P. Hutchison. Through litigation and direct interfacing with government agencies, Landmark Legal advances a conservative platform of limited government, a key concept in the history of liberalism, protecting individual rights, defending free enterprise, and exposing teachers' union fraud. It has litigated a number of cases up to and before the US Supreme Court.

Arizona Supreme Court
The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona. Sitting in the Supreme Court building in downtown Phoenix, the court consists of a chief justice, a vice chief justice, and five associate justices. Each justice is appointed by the governor of Arizona from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission. Justices stand for retention in an election two years after their appointment and then every six years. They must retire at age 70.