hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayerling (ballet)
Mayerling is a ballet choreographed by Kenneth MacMillan to the music of Franz Liszt, arranged by John Lanchbery, scenario by Gillian Freeman and designed by Nicholas Georgiadis.  The ballet is based on the Mayerling incident, a series of events surrounding the apparent murder–suicide of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (21 August 1858 – 30 January 1889) and his lover, Baroness Mary Vetsera (19 March 1871 – 30 January 1889). The ballet premiered on 14 February 1978, at the Royal Opera House, danced by The Royal Ballet, with David Wall as Prince Rudolf and Lynn Seymour as Vetsera.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the performing arts, mirroring its impacts across all arts sectors. Due to physical distancing requirements and closure of the physical venues, curtailing not only public performances but also rehearsals, many performing arts institutions attempted to adapt by offering new (or newly expanded) digital services. In particular this resulted in the free online streaming of previously recorded performances of many companies – especially orchestral performances and plays – lists of which were collated by journalists as well as bespoke crowdsourcing projects.
Edin (Sumerian term)
Edin (Sumerian: 𒀀𒇉𒂔 ÍDEDIN, 'steppe' or 'plain'; Akkadian: 𒉌𒋾𒈝 i3-ti-num2) is a toponym featured on the Gudea cylinders as a watercourse from which plaster is taken to build a temple for Ningirsu:

Clay plaster, harmoniously blended clay taken from the Edin canal, has been chosen by Lord Ningirsu with his holy heart, and was painted by Gudea with the splendors of heaven, as if kohl were being poured all over it.

Thorkild Jacobsen suggested this "Idedin" canal was an as yet unidentified "Desert Canal", which "probably refers to an abandoned canal bed that had filled with the characteristic purplish dune sand still seen in southern Iraq". Friedrich Delitzsch and numerous other scholars of linguistics and Assyriology believe the Abrahamic term Eden traces back to this term. A few scholars of Judaism posit the word may originate from Aramaic.

Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.
Catacomb of the Iordani
The Catacomb of the Iordani (Italian - Catacomba dei Giordani) is a catacomb on the left side of the ancient via Salaria in Rome, under the modern villa Ada in the Parioli quarter. It is named after the family who owned the land in which it was excavated and was badly damaged by relic-hunters and tomb-robbers before being rediscovered.

Villa Ada
Villa Ada is a park in Rome, Italy, with a surface of 180 hectares (450 acres; 1.8 km2) it is the second largest in the city after Villa Doria Pamphili. It is located in the northeastern part of the city.
Erik Thulstrup
Erik Waaben Thulstrup (died September 2019) was a Danish chemist.

Lehto earned his PhD in 1970 from the Aarhus University. He was an associate professor at Aarhus University from 1972 to 1981, professor at the Danish School of Education from 1981 to 1989, and lastly at Roskilde University from 1993. In between he headed the World Bank Science and Technology for Development program from 1990 to 1993.

He was a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences from 1996, of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1999 as well as the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and African Academy of Sciences.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
Kushiro Sotokan Road
The Kushiro Sotokan Road (釧路外環状道路, Kushiro-Sotokan Jōdōro) is a two-lane national expressway in Kushiro Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of July 2019, it connects the city Kushiro to the adjacent town that bears the same name. It is owned and operated by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and is signed as E38 and E44 under their "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering."

Expressways of Japan
The expressways (高速道路, kōsoku-dōro, lit. "high-speed road", also jidōsha-dō (自動車道), lit. "automobile road", "freeway", "expressway", or "motorway") of Japan make up a large network of controlled-access toll expressways.
58th Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards
The 58th Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards was held on January 8, 2007. The National Television Academy announced the winners at The Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas. DIRECTV's Eddy Hartenstein received the Lifetime Achievement Award for his role in the company's becoming a global provider of digital television.

Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards
The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards, or Technology and Engineering Emmys, are one of two sets of Emmy Awards that are presented for outstanding achievement in engineering development in the television industry. The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards are presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), while the separate Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards are given by its sister organization the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

A Technology and Engineering Emmy can be presented to an individual, a company, or to a scientific or technical organization for developments and/or standardization involved in engineering technologies which either represent so extensive an improvement on existing methods or are so innovative in nature that they materially have affected the transmission, recording, or reception of television. The award is determined by a special panel composed of highly qualified, experienced engineers in the television industry.
Marcio Lassiter
Marcio Tsongo Sandio Eshabarr Lassiter (born May 16, 1987) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He had a stint with the Philippine national basketball team, the Smart Gilas. Considered the best all-around sharpshooter in the PBA when Smart Gilas played as a guest team in the league, Lassiter plays the swingman position. He graduated and played college basketball for Cal State Fullerton.

2010 FIBA Asia Stanković Cup
2010 FIBA Asia Stanković Cup was the 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup. The basketball tournament of FIBA Asia was held in Beirut, Lebanon from 7 August to 15 August 2010, in Ghazir Club Court, involving 10 national teams from Asia.

The 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup was the first FIBA Asia event hosted in Lebanon for national teams. The 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup was the qualifying event for the 26th FIBA Asia Championship in 2011, to be hosted in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which in turn will be the qualifying event for 2012 London Olympics. The 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup winner automatically qualified for the FIBA Asia Championship in 2011. The top five teams at the 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup earned additional berths for their respective FIBA Asia sub zones.
SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.

Brookville Equipment
Brookville Equipment Corporation, based in Brookville, Pennsylvania, United States, manufactures railroad locomotives for industrial and light capacity switching needs. The company also builds and restores streetcars. The company was formerly known as the Brookville Locomotive Company.
IPB University
IPB University (or formerly Bogor Agricultural University) (Indonesian: Institut Pertanian Bogor, abbreviated as IPB; Sundanese: ᮄᮔ᮪ᮞ᮪ᮒᮤᮒᮥᮒ᮪ ᮕᮨᮁᮒᮔᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮘᮧᮌᮧᮁcode: sun promoted to code: su ) is a state-run agricultural university based in the regency of Bogor, Indonesia. IPB has long been considered one of the "Big 5" universities in Indonesia, along with University of Indonesia, Bandung Institute of Technology, Gadjah Mada University and Airlangga University.

Bandung Institute of Technology
The Bandung Institute of Technology (Sundanese: ᮄᮔ᮪ᮞ᮪ᮒᮤᮒᮥᮒ᮪ ᮒᮦᮊ᮪ᮔᮧᮜᮧᮌᮤ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, romanized: Institut Téknologi Bandung; Indonesian: Institut Teknologi Bandung, abbreviated as ITB) is a public research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. It has produced many notable leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture. ITB is one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia.
Gerard Macklin
Gerard Macklin (c.1767 – 9 August 1848) was the president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1806.

According to Sir Charles Cameron, Macklin "was born about the year 1767. He was indentured for seven years on the 1st of August, 1784, to Surgeon R. Daniel, of 43 South King-street. On the 4th November, 1791, he was admitted a licentiate of The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,  and was elected a member on the 22nd of the following month. In 1795 he was appointed Surgeon to Simpson's Hospital, and the following year became connected with Mercer's Hospital as Assistant-Surgeon, and subsequently was promoted to be Surgeon. He was also Surgeon to the Dublin General Dispensary. On the 22nd October, 1806, he was appointed State Surgeon (page 106). He died on the 9th August, 1848, at Lake Park, County of Wicklow, at the age of eighty-one. Macklin had a large practice, and was considered to be an expert lithotomist."

Charles Cameron (physician)
Sir Charles Alexander Cameron, CB (16 July 1830 – 27 February 1921) was an Irish physician, chemist and writer prominent in the adoption of medical hygiene. For over fifty years he had charge of the Public Health Department of Dublin Corporation. He was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1885.
Multi-factor authentication
Multi-factor authentication (MFA), also known as two-factor authentication (2FA), is an electronic authentication method in which a user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more distinct types of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism. MFA protects personal data—which may include personal identification or financial assets—from being accessed by an unauthorized third party that may have been able to discover, for example, a single password.

Usage of MFA has increased in recent years. Security issues which can cause the bypass of MFA are fatigue attacks, phishing and SIM swapping.

Accounts with MFA enabled are significantly less likely to be compromised.

Keystroke dynamics
Keystroke dynamics, keystroke biometrics, typing dynamics, or typing biometrics refer to the collection of biometric information generated by key-press-related events that occur when a user types on a keyboard. Use of patterns in key operation to identify operators predates modern computing, and has been proposed as an authentication alternative to passwords and PIN numbers.
Azayamankawin
Azayamankawin (c. 1803 – c. 1873), also known as Hazaiyankawin, Betsey St. Clair, Old Bets, or Old Betz, was one of the most photographed Native American women of the 19th century. She was a Mdewakanton Dakota woman well known in Saint Paul, Minnesota, where she once ran a canoe ferry service. Old Bets was said to have helped many women and children taken captive during the Dakota War of 1862.

Photographs of "Old Betz" were used extensively in carte-de-visite prints now held in museum collections worldwide, including the United States Library of Congress; the National Portrait Gallery in the United Kingdom; and the Minnesota Historical Society.

William Henry Forbes
William Henry Forbes (C. 1815 – July 20, 1875) was an American fur trader and territorial legislator.

Born in Montreal, Lower Canada, Forbes settled in Wisconsin Territory in 1837. In 1847 he moved to what is now Saint Paul, Minnesota, where he became postmaster. Forbes worked for the American Fur Company, St. Paul Outfit. Forbes then served on the Minnesota Territorial Council 1849–1853. During the Dakota War of 1862, Forbes served in the United States Army as a quartermaster and commissary. He served as county auditor for Ramsey County, Minnesota. In 1871, he served as Indian agent for the Devil's Lake Agency, now the Spirit Lake Tribe. He died in Devil's Lake Agency in 1875 and was buried in St. Paul, Minnesota. His father-in-law was Alexander Faribault, who also served in the Minnesota Territorial Legislature.
United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (in case citations, S.D. Fla. or S.D. Fl.) is the federal United States district court with territorial jurisdiction over the southern part of the state of Florida.

Appeals from cases brought in the Southern District of Florida are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Broward County, Florida
Broward County (/ˈbraʊ.ərd/ BROURD) is a county in Florida, United States, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with 1,944,375 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and most populous city is Fort Lauderdale, which had a population of 182,760 as of 2020. The county is part of the South Florida region of the state.

Broward County is one of the three counties that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which is home to 6.14 million people as of 2020. It is also one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the entire country. As of 2022, Broward County has a gross domestic product of $124.8 billion, the second-largest GDP of Florida's 67 counties and the 25th-largest for the nation's 3,033 counties.
6th federal electoral district of Guanajuato
The 6th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Laura Cristina Márquez Alcalá of the National Action Party (PAN).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
2013 Arizona Rattlers season
The 2013 Arizona Rattlers season was the 22nd season for the franchise Arena Football League, coming off of their victory in ArenaBowl XXV. The team was coached by Kevin Guy and played their home games at the US Airways Center. With a 15–3 record, the Rattlers won their fourth consecutive division title to qualify for the playoffs. The Rattlers successfully defended their championship in ArenaBowl XXVI by once again defeating the Philadelphia Soul by a 48–39 score to win their fourth ArenaBowl championship in franchise history.

Philadelphia Soul
The Philadelphia Soul was a professional arena football team based in Philadelphia that competed in the Arena Football League (AFL) from 2004 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019. The Soul made five ArenaBowl appearances, winning their first appearance (2008 against the San Jose SaberCats) and losing their next two appearances (2012 and 2013 both to the Arizona Rattlers). The Soul won in their fourth appearance, against the Rattlers in 2016, winning 56–42. They also won in their fifth appearance in 2017 against the Tampa Bay Storm, winning 44–40.

The club was established in 2004 when a group, led by Jon Bon Jovi, secured the rights to an AFL franchise in Philadelphia. The AFL folded before the proposed 2009 season was to begin, but was purchased and revived in 2010. After two seasons of inactivity in 2009 and 2010, the Soul returned in 2011 headed by Ron Jaworski. Following the 2019 season, the AFL ceased operations again.
Alternative semantics
Alternative semantics (or Hamblin semantics) is a framework in formal semantics and logic. In alternative semantics, expressions denote alternative sets, understood as sets of objects of the same semantic type. For instance, while the word "Lena" might denote Lena herself in a classical semantics, it would denote the singleton set containing Lena in alternative semantics. The framework was introduced by Charles Leonard Hamblin in 1973 as a way of extending Montague grammar to provide an analysis for questions. In this framework, a question denotes the set of its possible answers. Thus, if  and  are propositions, then  is the denotation of the question whether  or  is true. Since the 1970s, it has been extended and adapted to analyze phenomena including focus, scope, disjunction, NPIs, presupposition, and implicature.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Erika Selin
Erika Selin (born August 6, 1991) is a Swedish singer, who competed in Idol 2009 where she finished in eighth place. In 2015, she took part in Eurosong for selecting the Irish entry for Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with "Break Me Up" finishing third.

Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Playing with Numbers" written by Greg French and Molly Sterling. The song was performed by Molly Sterling. The Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) organised the national final Eurosong 2015 in order to select the Irish entry for the 2015 contest in Vienna, Austria. Five songs faced the votes of five regional juries and a public televote, ultimately resulting in the selection of "Playing with Numbers" performed by Molly Sterling as the Irish Eurovision entry.

Ireland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 21 May 2015. Performing during the show in position 2, "Playing with Numbers" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Ireland placed twelfth out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 35 points.
Słupia Nadbrzeżna
Słupia Nadbrzeżna [ˈswupja nadˈbʐɛʐna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarłów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Tarłów, 31 km (19 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 84 km (52 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Tarłów
Tarłów [ˈtarwuf] is a village (a town in 1550–1870) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tarłów. It lies approximately 30 km (19 mi) north-east of Opatów and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. It is approximately 13 km (8 mi) north of the town of Ożarów. The village belongs to historic province of Lesser Poland.
International Plaza and Bay Street
International Plaza and Bay Street is a large, upscale shopping mall and dining destination located adjacent to the Tampa International Airport. Dillard's, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom, and Dick's House of Sport all anchor this traditionally enclosed shopping mall.

Bay Street, a more modern open-air shopping center, is anchored by Restoration Hardware, and primarily features restaurants including The Capital Grille, The Cheesecake Factory, and Bar Louie among others. A Renaissance Hotel, with 293 rooms and 12,500 square feet (1,160 m2) of meeting space, connects directly to Bay Street.

Tampa International Airport
Tampa International Airport (IATA: TPA, ICAO: KTPA, FAA LID: TPA) is an international airport six miles (9.7 km) west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). The airport serves 100 non-stop destinations throughout North America, South America, the Caribbean and Europe across multiple carriers.
Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien
Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien is a historical urban park, located in the Pusat Bandar of Bandar Seri Begawan, where significant state ceremonies are held, including the Sultan's birthday celebrations, National Day, the National Musabaqah Al-Quran, and the birthday of Prophet Muhammad, among others. Formerly known as Padang Besar, the park underwent renovations in 1983 and was renamed in honour of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III. This site holds historical importance, as it was the location of Brunei's declaration of independence reading on 1 January 1984.

Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar 'Ali Saifuddien is located across from the Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque in the capital of Brunei. Other notable buildings surrounding the field include the Secretariat Building and the Community Hall.

Secretariat Building, Brunei
The Secretariat Building (Malay: Bangunan Sekretariat) or formerly known as the Brunei Government Offices and Government Secretariat Building (Bangunan Setiausaha Kerajaan) is the oldest government structure that serves the State Secretariat of Brunei or the seat of government. The building is located at Jalan Elizabeth II, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. The building is currently under the protection of the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act of the Museums Department.