hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Loss
Michael Loss (born 1954) is a mathematician and mathematical physicist who works as a professor of mathematics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Loss obtained his Ph.D. in 1982 from the ETH Zurich, with a dissertation on the three-body problem jointly supervised by Walter Hunziker and Israel Michael Sigal.

He coauthors the graduate textbook Analysis (Graduate Studies in Mathematics 14. American Mathematical Society, 1997; 2nd ed., 2001) with Elliott H. Lieb.

In 2012, he became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society, and was elected as a Foreign Corresponding Member of the Chilean Academy of Sciences. He is one of the 2015 winners of the Humboldt Prize.

Israel Michael Sigal
Israel Michael Sigal FRSC (born 31 August 1945 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) is an Israeli, Canadian mathematician specializing in  mathematical physics. He is a professor at the University of Toronto Department of Mathematics.

He was an invited speaker at International Congress of Mathematicians, Kyoto—1990 and in International Congress on Mathematical Physics, Lausanne—1979, W. Berlin—1981, Marseille—1986.
ABS Steels
ABS Steels are types of structural steel which are standardized by the American Bureau of Shipping for use in shipbuilding.

ABS steels include many grades in ordinary-strength and two levels of higher-strength specifications.

All of these steels have been engineered to be optimal long-lived shipbuilding steels.  ABS does permit the use of other steels in shipbuilding, but discourages it, and requires more detailed engineering analysis.

Structural steel
Structural steel is steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.

Structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, so can support a high load without excessive sagging.
Wolfgang Lubitz
Wolfgang Lubitz (born in 1949) is a German chemist and biophysicist. He is currently a director emeritus at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion. He is well known for his work on bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres, hydrogenase enzymes,  and the oxygen-evolving complex using a variety of biophysical techniques. He has been recognized by a Festschrift for his contributions to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and its applications to chemical and biological systems.

Electron nuclear double resonance
Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) is a magnetic resonance technique for elucidating the molecular and electronic structure of paramagnetic species.   The technique was first introduced to resolve interactions in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra.  It is currently practiced in a variety of modalities, mainly in the areas of biophysics and heterogeneous catalysis.
Unconventional superconductor
Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which is not explained by the usual BCS theory or its extension, the Eliashberg theory. The pairing in unconventional superconductors may originate from some other mechanism than the electron–phonon interaction. Alternatively, a superconductor is unconventional if the superconducting order parameter transforms according to a non-trivial irreducible representation of the point group or space group of the system. Per definition, superconductors that break additional symmetries to U (1) symmetry are known as unconventional superconductors.

Yttrium barium copper oxide
Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) is a family of crystalline chemical compounds that display high-temperature superconductivity; it includes the first material ever discovered to become superconducting above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen [77 K (−196.2 °C; −321.1 °F)] at about 93 K (−180.2 °C; −292.3 °F).

Many YBCO compounds have the general formula YBa2Cu3O7−x (also known as Y123), although materials with other Y:Ba:Cu ratios exist, such as YBa2Cu4Oy (Y124) or Y2Ba4Cu7Oy (Y247). At present, there is no singularly recognised theory for high-temperature superconductivity.

It is part of the more general group of rare-earth barium copper oxides (ReBCO) in which, instead of yttrium, other rare earths are present.
Pabna District
Pabna District (Bengali: পাবনা জেলা) is a district in west central Bangladesh. It is a geographically and economically important district. Its administrative capital is the eponymous Pabna town. The main five rivers of this district are: Padma, Jamuna, Baral, Atrai and Chiknai.

Baral River
Baral (Borhal Bengali: বড়াল) river, one of the offshoots of the Ganges, starts its journey at Charghat Upazila of Rajshahi District of Bangladesh. Flowing through Natore and Pabna, the Baral meets with the Gumani River east of Bhangura and finally meets with the Hurasagar River after joining with the Karatoya south of Shahjadpur Upazila. The river is approximately 147 kilometres (91 mi) long, and 120 metres (410 ft) wide and 6 metres (20 ft) deep on average. The river receives water from the Ganges only in the monsoon season. But it maintains its flow throughout the year with local runoff water and water from Chalan Beel. Its drainage area is about 230 square kilometres (89 sq mi). Some important places located on the banks of the Baral are: Charghat, Baraigram, Bagatipara, Gurudaspur, Chatmohar, Bhangura and Bera upazilas of Bangladesh.
The Baral Bridge is located on this river at Bhangura Upazila.
Michael Coorey
Michael Coorey (born 16 May 1975) is a former Lebanon international rugby league footballer in the 1990s and 2000s. Primarily a second-rower, he played for the North Queensland Cowboys and Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League.

Balmain Tigers
The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995 to 1996) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.
Shrinky Dinks
Shrink art, Shrinky Dinks, or Shrinkles is a craft activity set consisting of sheets of polystyrene which can be cut with standard household scissors. When heated, the cut shapes become about nine times thicker while their horizontal and vertical dimensions reduce to about one-third the original size, resulting in hard, flat forms which retain their initial color and shape.  They reached the height of their popularity in the 1980s and are still available from retailers. They can be used for a variety of purposes like charms, pins and zipper pulls.  Most sets are pre-printed with outline images of popular children's characters or other subjects, which are then colored in before baking.

Milton Bradley Company
Milton Bradley Company, simply known as Milton Bradley (MB), was an American board game manufacturer that was established by Milton Bradley (1836–1911) in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. In 1920, it absorbed the game production of McLoughlin Brothers, formerly the largest game manufacturer in the United States. It was acquired by Hasbro in 1984 and merged, with Hasbro subsidiary Parker Brothers in 1998. The brand name continued to be used by Hasbro until 2009.
Single ventricle
Single ventricle is a rare congenital heart defect, which constitutes just over 1% of congenital cardiovascular diseases. The single functional ventricle could be morphologically right or left with the second ventricle usually hypoplastic and/or insufficiently functional. Therefore, there are several subtypes of the disease, depending on which ventricle is underdeveloped.

Single ventricle with functional left ventricle:
Pulmonal atresia
Tricuspidal atresia
Double inlet left ventricle
Double outlet left ventricle

Single ventricle with functional right ventricle:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Double inlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle

Single ventricle heterotaxy syndrome is also included to this category.

Double inlet left ventricle
A double inlet left ventricle (DILV) or "single ventricle", is a congenital heart defect appearing in 5 in 100,000 newborns, where both the left atrium and the right atrium feed into the left ventricle. The right ventricle is hypoplastic or does not exist.

Both atria communicate with the ventricle by a single atrio-ventricular valve. There is a big shunt left-right with a quickly evolutive pulmonary hypertension. Without life-prolonging interventions, the condition is fatal, but with intervention, the newborn may survive. Even if there is no foetal sickness, the diagnosis can be made in utero by foetal echocardiography.
Sarra, Nablus
Sarra (Arabic: صرّه) is a Palestinian town in the Nablus Governorate in northern West Bank, located 11 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 3,384 inhabitants in 2017.

Nablus Governorate
The Nablus Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نابلس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Nāblus) is an administrative district of Palestine located in the Central Highlands of the West Bank, 53 km north of Jerusalem. It covers the area around the city of Nablus which serves as the muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The governor of the district is Mahmoud Aloul.
Willy Sägebrecht
Willy Sägebrecht (21 February 1904 – 8 April 1981) was a political activist and politician from the Communist Party of Germany who was incarcerated as a resistance activist during the Nazi period.   After 1945 he became a member of East Germany's powerful Party Central Committee and then, in 1957, head of the country's Military Intelligence Service.

Kasernierte Volkspolizei
The Kasernierte Volkspolizei (KVP; German for "Barracked People's Police") was a paramilitary force in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1948 to 1956 that served as a precursor to the National People's Army (NVA). Their original headquarters was in the Adlershof borough in East Berlin, and from 1954 in Strausberg in modern-day Brandenburg.

The KVP was founded in the Soviet occupation zone and tasked with internal security operations since at the time, the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany was still mandated to provide external defense. They ceased to exist after 1956, having been transformed into the NVA, but are often confused with the later paramilitary police units, the Volkspolizei-Bereitschaft.
T-72
The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that entered production in 1973. The T-72 was a development based on the T-64 using thought and design of the previous Object 167M. About 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and refurbishment has enabled many to remain in service for decades. It has been widely exported and has seen service in 40 countries and in numerous conflicts. The Russian T-90 introduced in 1992 and the Chinese Type 99 are further developments of the T-72. Production and development of various modernized T-72 models continues today.

Slat armor
Slat armor (or slat armour in British English), also known as bar armor, cage armor, and standoff armor, is a type of vehicle armor designed to protect against high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) attacks, as used by anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs).
Ethel Katherine Crum
Ethel Katherine Crum (March 13, 1886 - January 5, 1943) was an American botanist, noted for collecting and studying California flora, as well as serving as assistant curator of the University of California Herbarium.  She discovered and formally described at least 13 species and varieties of plants.  She obtained her M.S. in 1929 at the University of California, Berkeley after which she assisted Willis Linn Jepson with the second volume of A Flora of California while working as his research assistant. The standard author abbreviation Crum is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Willis Linn Jepson
Willis Linn Jepson (August 19, 1867 – November 7, 1946) was a late-19th and 20th century California botanist, professor, conservationist, and writer.  A co-founder of the Sierra Club in 1892, he was much honored in later life for his research and impact on his fields.
The Culture of Contentment
The Culture of Contentment is an essay by economist John K. Galbraith, analyzing the situation of the Western industrial world, which was first published in 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Galbraith traces the growth of a stultifying contentment in the Western industrial world, represented by the G7 group of countries. He pays particular attention to the self-serving economic comfort achieved by the fortunate and politically dominant community and contrasts this to the condition of the underclass which he sees as being for the first time in these countries stalled in poverty.

The essay is published in paperback by Mariner Books, ISBN 978-0-395-66919-8.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Võrkrahu
Võrkrahu is a small islet belonging to the country of Estonia off the west coast of the larger island of Saaremaa in the Kuusnõmme Gulf of the Baltic Sea. It is administered by Lääne-Saare Parish. Võrkrahu lies in an oblong north–south direction and is covered in pine and junipers. It covers an area of 6.07618 hectares and a circumference of 1.32628 kilometers and is part of Vilsandi National Park.

Additionally, there is another islet in the Baltic Sea named Võrkrahu, off the coast of Hiiumaa. However, it is more commonly called Paasrahu.

Saaremaa
Saaremaa (/ˈsɑːrəmɑː/; Estonian: [ˈsɑˑreˌmɑː]) is the largest and most populous island in Estonia. Measuring 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi), its population is 31,435 (as of January 2020). The main island of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago), it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and northwest of the Gulf of Riga. The administrative centre of the island, and of the Saare maakond (county), is the town of Kuressaare.

From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, the island of Saaremaa was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Ösel.
In Concert (British TV series)
In Concert (also known as BBC In Concert) is a British music television series, broadcast live by the BBC between 1970 and 1976. Each episode consists of a one-hour live performance by a single singer songwriter. The series premiered on 9 October 1970 on BBC Two. It was created, produced, and directed by Stanley Dorfman.

Johnny Mercer
John Herndon Mercer (November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter, and singer, as well as a record label executive who co-founded Capitol Records with music industry businessmen Buddy DeSylva and Glenn E. Wallichs.

He is best known as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, but he also composed music and was a popular singer who recorded his own as well as others' songs from the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s. Mercer's songs were among the most successful hits of the time, including "Moon River", "Days of Wine and Roses", "Autumn Leaves", and "Hooray for Hollywood". He wrote the lyrics to more than 1,500 songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Oscar nominations, and won four Best Original Song Oscars.
North Indian Trail, Spokane
North Indian Trail is a neighborhood in the northwesternmost corner of Spokane, Washington. It extends to the northwest of the rest of Spokane along a tableland east of the Spokane River, west of the Five Mile Prairie. Its terrain isolates the neighborhood somewhat, and it was only extensively developed starting in the second half of the 20th century.

Washington State Route 291
State Route 291 (SR 291) is a state highway in Eastern Washington in the United States. It travels east–west along the north side of the Spokane River between Spokane and the Long Lake Dam; despite its east–west route, SR 291 is signed as a north–south route. The highway serves several recreational areas and the communities of Suncrest and Tumtum; its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 2 (US 2) and US 395 in northern Spokane, while its northern terminus is at SR 231.
Larry Pezold
Lorenz Johannes Pezold (June 22, 1893 – October 22, 1957) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman who played in 23 games for the Cleveland Naps during the 1914 season.

Pezold was traded to the Nashville Vols for Rube Kroh before the 1917 season but quit the team before the season began. The Daily Arkansas Gazette reported that Pezold declined to play in Tennessee because it was a dry state.

Rube Kroh
Floyd Myron "Rube" Kroh (August 25, 1886 – March 17, 1944) was an American professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from 1906 to 1912. He played for the Boston Braves, Boston Americans, and Chicago Cubs. He is generally credited as the player who got the ball into the hands of Johnny Evers in the famous Merkle's Boner game.
Antigua and Barbuda cuisine
Antigua and Barbuda cuisine refers to the cuisines of the Caribbean islands Antigua and Barbuda. The national dish is fungee (pronounced "foon-jee") and pepperpot. Fungee is a dish similar to Italian polenta, made mostly with cornmeal. Other local dishes include ducana, seasoned rice, saltfish and lobster (from Barbuda). There are also local confectioneries which include sugar cake, fudge, raspberry and tamarind stew, and peanut brittle.

These foods are indigenous to Antigua and Barbuda and to some other Caribbean countries, the local diet has diversified and includes local dishes of Jamaica, such as jerk meats, or Trinidad, such as roti, and specialties of other Caribbean countries.

Jerk (cooking)
Jerk is a style of cooking native to Jamaica, in which meat is dry-rubbed or wet-marinated with a hot spice mixture called Jamaican jerk spice.

The technique of jerking (or cooking with jerk spice) originated from Jamaica's indigenous peoples, the Arawak and Taíno tribes, and was adopted by the descendants of 17th-century Jamaican Maroons who intermingled with them.

The smoky taste of jerked meat is achieved by using various cooking methods, including modern wood-burning ovens. Chicken or pork is usually jerked, and the main ingredients of the spicy jerk marinade / sauce are allspice and scotch bonnet peppers, which are native to Jamaica and were cultivated by the Taínos.
Penalty (rugby)
In rugby football, the penalty is the main disciplinary sanction available to the referee to penalise players who commit deliberate infringements.  The team who did not commit the infringement are given possession of the ball and may either kick it towards touch (in which case the ball back rule is waived), attempt a place kick at goal, or tap the ball with their foot and run it. It is also sometimes used as shorthand for penalty goal.

Scrum (rugby union)
In rugby union, a scrum is a means of restarting play after a minor infringement. It involves up to eight players from each team, known as the pack or forward pack, binding together in three rows and interlocking with the three opposing teams front row. At this point the ball is fed into the gap between the two forward packs and they both compete for the ball to win possession. Teams can be penalised for intentionally causing the scrum to collapse, and for not putting the ball into the scrum correctly. A scrum is most commonly awarded when the ball is knocked forward, or passed forward, or when a ball becomes trapped in a ruck or maul. Because of the physical nature of scrums, injuries can occur, especially in the front row.
Yasser Quesada
Yasser Quesada Pérez (born 1992) is a Cuban chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster (GM) by FIDE in 2017, the 27th player from Cuba to earn the title. He won the 2022 Cuban Chess Championship.

He qualified to play in the Chess World Cup 2021, where he defeated Leandro Krysa in the first round, but was defeated by Pentala Harikrishna in the second round. He qualified to play in the Chess World Cup 2023, but declined to participate.

Leandro Krysa
Leandro Krysa (born 7 November 1992) is an Argentine chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster (GM) by FIDE in 2017.

He played in the Chess World Cup 2017, where he was defeated in the first round by Li Chao.
25th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 25th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of the Northwest and Army of Northern Virginia. Its soldiers saw action from the battle of Philippi until the Appomattox.

Battle of Camp Allegheny
The Battle of Camp Allegheny, also known as the Battle of Allegheny Mountain, took place on December 13, 1861, in Pocahontas County, Virginia (now West Virginia), about 3 miles from the mountainous border of Highland County, Virginia, as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War.  The battle was a small brigade-level conflict, and while the Confederates technically won with a Union withdrawal, it was considered militarily indecisive.  However, it had critical implications for the future border of Virginia and West Virginia, ensuring Highland County remained in Confederate hands and would not be involved in the formation of the future state of West Virginia.
Metronom Theater
The Metronom Theater (formerly Stage Metronom Theater and TheatrO CentrO) at the Westfield CentrO shopping centre is a venue for musicals at the Neue Mitte Oberhausen in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 2005-2024, the theatre was owned and operated by Stage Entertainment Germany. Since March 2024, the theatre has been owned by Semmel Concerts, which eventually renovated it and has been running it with changing productions since November 2024. The programme includes musicals, shows and concerts.

Tarzan (musical)
Tarzan is a musical based on the Walt Disney Animation Studios 1999 film of the same name, with music and lyrics by Phil Collins, and a book by David Henry Hwang. The musical follows Tarzan, who is raised by gorillas in West Africa. He meets Jane, a young English naturalist, and falls in love, unknowing that Jane's entourage plans to kill the gorillas.

The original Broadway production opened in 2006, directed and designed by Bob Crowley with choreography by Meryl Tankard. The production ran for 35 previews and 486 performances. Subsequently, the show has been staged in several other countries and by regional theatres.
Yuyito González
Amalia Josefina Trombetta (born 8 March 1960), better known as Yuyito González or simply Yuyito, is an Argentine actress, journalist, writer, former model and showgirl who was very successful in the 1980s.

Guillermo Francella
Guillermo Héctor Francella (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [giˈʃeɾmo fɾanˈtʃela]; born 14 February 1955) is an Argentine actor and comedian. Besides a long history of working as a television leading man, he also has a varied theatrical and film career. Francella is widely regarded by experts and critics of performance as one of the most influential and popular actors of his country.