hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banu al-Hakam
Banu Al-Hakam (Arabic: بنو الحكم) (Sons of Al-Hakam).  Al-Hakam Ibn Saad Alasheera Ibn Madh'hij is an Arabian tribe descended from Madh'hij tribe. Al-Hakam had governed Jazan which was known as Al-Mekhlaf Al-Suleimani Jazan.

Jazan Province
Jazan Province, also known as Jazan Region (Arabic: منطقة جازان‎, romanized: Minṭaqat Jāzān), is the second smallest province of Saudi Arabia after Al-Baha. It stretches approximately 300 km (190 mi) along the southern coast of the Red Sea, just north of the border with Yemen. Covering an area of 13,457 km2, it had a population of 1,404,997 according to the 2022 census. The Province has the highest population density in the Kingdom.

The province includes over 200 islands in the Red Sea. One of the major developments in the province is the Jazan City for Primary and Downstream Industries, a large-scale project intended to contribute to the province’s economic development. The Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia's first conservation protected area, are home to migratory birds from Europe during the winter.
Norbar Torque
Norbar Torque Tools Ltd specialises in the manufacture and worldwide distribution of torque tools for torque tightening, measurement and calibration. The primary office and factory location is in Banbury, United Kingdom and there are also Norbar sales, service and calibration facilities in Australia, United States, New Zealand, Singapore, China and India.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Bardeh Rash, West Azerbaijan
Bardeh Rash (Persian: برده رش) is a village in Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 315, in 43 families.

Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District
Sumay-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان صومائ جنوبي) is in Sumay-ye Beradust District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Hashtian. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hovarsin.
Shakopee III
Shakopee III (1811 – 11 November 1865) was a Mdewakanton Dakota chief who was involved at the start of the Dakota War of 1862. Born Eatoka, which means "Another Language," he became known as Ṡaḳpedaƞ or Little Six after the death of his father in 1860.

Following the Dakota uprising in Minnesota, Little Six fled to Rupert's Land in present-day Manitoba, Canada. In January 1864, chiefs Little Six and Medicine Bottle were drugged, captured and transported across the U.S.–Canadian border to Pembina. There, they were arrested by Major Edwin A. C. Hatch and taken back to Fort Snelling. Little Six faced trial by a military commission in December 1864 and was executed by hanging on November 11, 1865. The Little Six Casino operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Shakopee, Minnesota is named after him.

Sam Brown (frontiersman)
Samuel Jerome Brown (March 7, 1845 – August 29, 1925), better known as Sam Brown, was an American frontiersman and settler in Minnesota and Dakota Territory.  He earned regional fame as the "Paul Revere of the Prairie" or the "Prairie Paul Revere" for riding 150 miles (240 km) on the night of April 19–20, 1866, first to warn others of an expected Native American attack and—when the threat proved false—back through a spring blizzard to intercept his request for reinforcements from the U.S. Army.  Though the ordeal left him dependent on a wheelchair for the rest of his life, he went on to serve as an educator, civic leader, advocate for Native Americans, and historian.
Praia da Vitória
Praia da Vitória, officially the Very Notable City of Praia da Vitória, is a municipality in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. With a population of 21,035 (in 2011), the second largest administrative authority on the island of Terceira, it covers an area of 162.29 square kilometres (62.66 mi2), that extends from the northern coast halfway into the interior.

Lajes Field
Lajes Field or Lajes Air Base (pronounced [ˈlaʒɨʃ]; Portuguese: Base Aérea das Lajes), officially designated Air Base No. 4 (Base Aérea n.º 4, BA4) (IATA: TER, ICAO: LPLA), is a multi-use airfield near Lajes and 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal. It is home to the Portuguese Air Force Base Aérea n.º 4 and Azores Air Zone Command (Portuguese: Comando da Zona Aérea dos Açores), a United States Air Force detachment unit (operated by the 65th Air Base Group of United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa), and a regional air passenger terminal. Located about 3,680 km (2,290 mi) east of New York City and about 1,600 km (990 mi) west of Lisbon, Portugal; the base sits in a strategic location midway between North America and Europe in the north Atlantic Ocean.
Rubroshorea acuta
Rubroshorea acuta is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Brunei and northeastern Sarawak on the island of Borneo. It is a tree which grows up to 45 metres tall in lowland mixed dipterocarp rain forest.

The species was first described as Shorea acuta by Peter Shaw Ashton in 1962. In 2022 Ashton and Jacqueline Heckenhauer placed it in the genus Rubroshorea as R. acuta.

Rubroshorea
Rubroshorea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It includes 71 species of trees native to Borneo, Caroline Islands, Java, Malaya, Maluku, the Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.

The genus corresponds to the Red meranti group in the Dipterocarp timber classification system.
Steaming (crime)
In British slang, steaming is a robbery performed on train or bus passengers by a gang or large group and often involving some level of violence. Several cases have been reported on the London Underground and other city public transport systems although not exclusively localised to them. It may also be applied to other theft such as shoplifting, involving a large group employing distraction tactics, intimidation or actual violence against staff. In general, the term refers to the operation in a large group and the use of intimidation and violence to commit theft.

British slang
While some slang words and phrases are used throughout Britain (e.g. knackered, meaning "exhausted"), others are restricted to smaller regions, even to small geographical areas. The nations of the United Kingdom, which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, all have their own slang words, as does London. Cockney slang has many varieties, the best known of which is rhyming slang.

British slang has been the subject of many books, including a seven volume dictionary published in 1889. Lexicographer Eric Partridge published several works about British slang, most notably A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, revised and edited by Paul Beale.

Many of the words and phrases listed in this article are no longer in current use.
Alberton, South Australia
Alberton is a metropolitan suburb in the west of Adelaide, South Australia, about 20 minutes drive from the city. Part of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield, it is bordered by the suburbs of Rosewater, Queenstown, Cheltenham and Port Adelaide.

Queenstown, South Australia
Queenstown is a north-western suburb of Adelaide about 10.5 km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, Australia and the city council area of Port Adelaide Enfield.

Queenstown occupies a triangular-shaped area of land which is bounded by the Port Road to the north-east, Old Port Road to the south-west and by Webb Street to the north-west.
Paolo Lazise
Paolo Lazise (or Lazici, Latin: Paulus Lacisius; 1508 - January 1544), was an Italian humanist and theologian. A Canon Regular of the Lateran, he later converted to Protestantism, taking refuge in Strasbourg, where he was appointed professor of Greek.

Canons Regular of the Lateran
The Canons Regular of the Lateran (CRL, Canonici Regulares Lateranenses), formally titled the Canons Regular of St. Augustine of the Congregation of the Most Holy Savior at the Lateran, is an international congregation  of canons regular, comprising priests and lay brothers, in the Catholic Church. They received their present name from Pope Eugene IV in 1446.
USS Armstrong County
USS Armstrong County (LST-57) was an LST-1-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for counties in Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Texas, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

LST-57 was laid down on 24 October 1943 at Neville Island, Pennsylvania by the Dravo Corporation and launched on 4 December 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Edward Mays. Placed in "reduced commission" on 1 January 1944 at her builder's yard, she went to New Orleans, Louisiana where she was commissioned on 15 January 1944.

Dravo Corporation
Dravo Corporation was an American shipbuilding company with shipyards in Pittsburgh and Wilmington, Delaware. It was founded by Frank and Ralph Dravo in Pittsburgh in 1891. The corporation went public in 1936 and in 1998 it was bought out by Carmeuse for $192 million ($370.4 million today). On March 5, 1942, it became the first corporation to receive the Army-Navy "E" Award for outstanding war time production. Dravo ranked 72nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. By the 1970s, the corporation had moved into the business of building locks and dams on the Ohio River.
2025 Maurie Plant Meet
The 2025 Maurie Plant Meet was the 34th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Melbourne. Held on 29 March at Lakeside Stadium, it was the first leg of the 2025 World Athletics Continental Tour Gold – the second-highest level international track and field circuit behind the 2025 Diamond League.

2025 Diamond League
The 2025 Diamond League was the sixteenth season of the annual series of outdoor track and field meetings, organised by World Athletics. The competition was a revision to the top level athletics series since Diamond League foundation in 2010. The number of Diamond Discipline events was 32. Each meeting hosted a number of Diamond Discipline events and some of these events would not be broadcast. Events losing Diamond Discipline status would feature on the World Athletics Continental Tour, the second tier of track and field meetings.

Starting in 2025, each meeting nominated 4 events (2 male and 2 female) to be Diamond+ Disciplines, these events will have increased levels of prize money; this will mean at regular meetings a doubling of the 1st place prize from $10,000 to $20,000 and at the Diamond League Finals an increase to $50,000.

The series concluded with the Diamond League Finals in Zürich, on the 27th and 28th August 2025.
Julián Martínez Soto
Julián Martínez Soto (1921 – May 23, 2000), was a Spanish-born Mexican sculptor and painter. He created more than 200 sculptures in Spain, Italy, Mexico, and the United States. Soto left Spain and arrived in Mexico in June 1937 with the Niños de Morelia (English: Children of Morelia), a group of children of Spanish Republicans, intending to visit while the Spanish Civil War was ending. His family name is sometimes written as Soros, or Sotos due to journalistic and bibliographic errors.

Statue of Lázaro Cárdenas (Madrid)
The Statue of Lázaro Cárdenas is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Erected at the Parque Norte, it pays homage to Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas, noted for welcoming into Mexico thousands of Spanish Republican exiles fleeing the Spanish Civil War and the ensuing Francoist dictatorship.
The Glenbrook
Glenbrook is a 2-6-0, Mogul type, narrow-gauge steam railway locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1875 for the Carson and Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company's 3 ft (914 mm) Lake Tahoe narrow-gauge railroad.

2-6-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-6-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and no trailing wheels. This arrangement is commonly called a Mogul.
Khasa language
Khasa Prakrit (also known as Khas Prakrit, Sanskrit Khasa, Himalayan Prakrit, Northern Prakrit, Khas Kura) is a Prakrit language of medieval South Asia and a common ancestor language of the Pahari languages, which includes Nepali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari, Mandeali, Kangri, Mahasui and Garhwali languages. It was commonly referred to as खश (Khaśa), खष (Khaṣa), and खशीर (Khaśīra) in the Sanskrit texts.

Indian linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji suggests that Nepali language developed from Khasa Prakrit. Khas Prakrit is named after the speakers of language, Khas people, who live in the Himalayas.

Mahasu Pahari
Mahasu Pahari (Takri: 𑚢𑚩𑚭𑚨𑚱 𑚞𑚩𑚭𑚪𑚯) is a Western Pahari (Himachali, Takri: 𑚩𑚮𑚢𑚭𑚏𑚥𑚯) language spoken in Himachal Pradesh. It is also known as Mahasui or Mahasuvi. The speaking population is about 1,000,000 (2001). It is more commonly spoken in Himachal Pradesh's Shimla and Solan districts, in western parts of Uttarkashi district in Uttarakhand and in Kalka and Pinjore of Panchkula district in Haryana. It is to be known that Shimla and Solan were parts of the old Mahasu district. Himachal Pradesh State on 1 September 1972 reorganised the districts dissolving Mahasu district. The Solan district was carved out of Solan and Arki tehsils of the then Mahasu district and tehsils of Kandaghat and Nalagarh of the then Shimla District of Punjab.
Kafr Nasij
Kafr Nasij (Arabic: كفر ناسج, also spelled Kafar Nasej) is a village in the al-Sanamayn District of the Daraa Governorate in southern Syria. Nearby localities include al-Tiha to the west, Aqraba and al-Harra to the southwest, Zimrin to the south, Kafr Shams to the southeast, Deir al-Adas to the east and Kanakir to the north. In the 2004 census by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Nasij had a population of 2,381.

Deir al-Adas
Deir al-Adas (Arabic: دير العدس Dayr al-ʿAdas) is a village in southern Syria, administratively  part of the Daraa Governorate. It is situated about 40 kilometers northwest of Daraa. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), it had a population of 3,723.

The name literally means "Monastery (deir) of the Lentils (al-ʿadas)".
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer (EXCEDE) is a proposed space telescope for NASA's Explorer program to observe circumstellar protoplanetary and debris discs and study planet formation around nearby (within 100 parsecs) stars of spectral classes M to B. Had it been selected for development, it was proposed to launch in 2019.

The spacecraft concept proposed to use a 70 centimeter diameter telescope-mounted coronagraph called PIAA (Phase Induced Amplitude Apodized Coronagraph) to suppress starlight in order to be able to detect fainter radiation of circumstellar dust. Characterizing constitution of such disks would provide clues for planetary formation (mostly in habitable zones), while already existing exoplanets can be detected through their interaction with dust disk. The project's Principal Investigator is Glenn Schneider.

Explorers Program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.

The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers (SMEX), and University-Class Explorers (UNEX), with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.
Gmina Święciechowa
Gmina Święciechowa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Święciechowa, which lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Leszno and 68 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 134.97 square kilometres (52.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,088.

Leszno County
Leszno County (Polish: powiat leszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Leszno, although the city itself is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Leszno County are Rydzyna, which lies 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Leszno, and Osieczna, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Leszno.

The county covers an area of 804.65 square kilometres (310.7 sq mi). As of 2021 its total population is 58,255, out of which the population of Rydzyna is 9,962, that of Osieczna is 9,311, and the rural population is 38,982.
Legenda (imprint)
Legenda (Latin, "things to be read") is an imprint founded in 1995 by the European Humanities Research Centre at Oxford University, England.

In 2004, Legenda became an imprint of the Modern Humanities Research Association, in partnership with Maney Publishing. Under the guidance of Malcolm Bowie, late Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, this new press underwent rapid growth. Recent successes include Clive Scott's Channel Crossings: French and English Poetry in Dialogue 1550-2000, which was awarded the 2004 Gapper Prize as the best contribution to French studies of its year, and Shun-liang Chao's Rethinking the Concept of the Grotesque: Crasahw, Baudelaire, Magritte, which was awarded an honourable mention for the 2013 Anna Balakian Prize by the International Comparative Literature Association..

Maney Publishing
Maney Publishing was an independent academic publishing company that was taken over by Taylor & Francis in 2015. Maney Publishing specialised in peer-reviewed academic journals in materials science and engineering, the humanities, and health science. Maney published extensively for learned societies, universities, and professional bodies.

As of 2014, Maney published over 150 journals. The company offered an open access option (MORE OpenChoice) to all authors. The company had offices in Leeds and London in the United Kingdom, and in Boston and Philadelphia in the United States.
Apodemia walkeri
Apodemia walkeri, commonly known as Walker's metalmark, is a species of butterfly in the family Riodinidae (metalmarks), in the superfamily Papilionoidea (butterflies and skippers). The species was described by Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin in 1886. It is found from north-western Costa Rica north through Mexico. It is an occasional visitor to the lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas. The habitat consists of subtropical scrubs and forests.

Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic (Afriodinia, Saribia), and Indomalayan realms.
Snowshoe cat
The Snowshoe is a rare breed of domestic cat originating in the United States of America in the 1960s. Its short-haired coat has a bicolour colourpoint pattern. The breed takes its name from the characteristic white feet forming the white shoe pattern. It is a pointed cat with blue eyes.

Snowshoes were first produced when a Siamese breeder's cat gave birth to three kittens with white feet. The breeder, Dorothy Hinds-Daugherty, then began a breeding programme to produce what were originally called "Silver Laces", crossing the strangely marked Siamese cats with bicolour American Shorthair cats and other breeds. Despite having existed for 45 years, Snowshoes are rare due to the difficulty of reproducing the correct coat markings.

Cat coat genetics
Cat coat genetics determine the colouration, pattern, length, and texture of feline fur. The variations among cat coats are physical properties and should not be confused with cat breeds. A cat may display the coat of a certain breed without actually being that breed. For example, a Neva Masquerade (Siberian colourpoint) could wear point colouration, the typical coat of a Siamese.
PS Accommodation
The Canadian paddle steamer Accommodation was the first successful steamboat built entirely in North America.

Financed by brewer John Molson, she was constructed by John Jackson and John Bruce in Montréal in 1809, using engines built in Forges du Saint-Maurice, Trois-Rivières (long known for ironmongery). At a cost of £2000 she had two open-faced paddle wheels and an optional sail.

Her maiden voyage was a thirty-six-hour run from Montréal to Québec City on November 3, 1809.

She was not a commercial success; by 1810, Molson had lost £4000 on her, and she was broken up for scrap. She nevertheless pioneered steam packets on the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes; by 1819, there were seven in regular service on the river, while the lakes featured PS Frontenac on Lake Ontario, General Stacey Smyth on the Saint John River, and SS Royal William (famous for making the first transatlantic crossing under steam in 1831) on the Québec City-Halifax run.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Australobuthus
Australobuthus is a monotypic genus of scorpions in the Buthidae family. Its sole species is Australobuthus xerolimniorum, also known as the salt lake scorpion. It is endemic to Australia and was first described by Nicholas Locket in 1990.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.