hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), previously known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, is long-term pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without evidence of a bacterial infection. It affects about 2–6% of men. Together with IC/BPS, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS).

The cause is unknown. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer.

Recommended treatments include multimodal therapy, physiotherapy, and a trial of alpha blocker medication or antibiotics in certain newly diagnosed cases. Some evidence supports some non medication based treatments.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is part of the United States National Institutes of Health, which in turn is part of the Department of Health and Human Services. NIDDK is approximately the fifth-largest of the 27 NIH institutes. The institute's mission is to support research, training, and communication with the public in the topic areas of "diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, nutritional disorders, and obesity; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases". As of 2021, the Director of the institute is Griffin P. Rodgers, who assumed the position on an acting basis in 2006 and on a permanent basis in 2007.
Battle of Gaivoron
The Battle of Gaivoron (Ukrainian: Битва під Гайвороном) was a battle that took place on 10 of October 1668 during the Left-Bank uprising between the Crimean cavalry and the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Grigoriy Doroshenko and kalga Qirim-Giray from one side and the Russian forces led by Andrey Romodanovsky on the other. The Tatar–Cossack corps that was sent by Petro Doroshenko to the Left-Bank caught up the Russian forces near the village of Gaivoron (now Chernihiv oblast, Ukraine) and defeated them.

Grigory Romodanovsky
Grigory Grigoryevich Romodanovsky (Russian: Григорий Григорьевич Ромодановский) was a controversial figure of the Russian foreign policy as a member of the Razryadny Prikaz, playing a key role in pursuing leaders of the Ukrainian Cossack officers into the union with the Muscovy state. During the Russo-Polish war, he was a leading Russian general of Tsar Alexis's reign who promoted the Tsar's interests in Ukraine.
2007 Dubai Sevens
The Dubai Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens (seven-a-side version of rugby union). The 2007 competition, which took place on November 30 and December 1 at the Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground, was the first Cup trophy in the 2007-08 IRB Sevens World Series.

It was the last Dubai Sevens to be held at the Exiles Ground. Starting in 2008, the tournament moved to The Sevens, a new stadium built to host the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

The defending series champions New Zealand won the Cup trophy (overall title) defeating Fiji. Defending Dubai champions South Africa lost in the Cup semifinals. Other trophy winners, in decreasing order of prestige, were Argentina in the Plate, Australia in the Bowl, and Zimbabwe in the Shield.

2008 Dubai Sevens
The Dubai Sevens is played annually as part of the IRB Sevens World Series for international rugby sevens (seven-a-side version of rugby union). The 2008 competition was held on November 28 and 29 at The Sevens, a brand-new facility built to host the 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens. It was the first of eight events in the 2008-09 IRB Sevens World Series. The top-tier Cup trophy was won by South Africa.

This was the first edition of the Dubai Sevens to be held at The Sevens. Previous editions were held at the Dubai Exiles Rugby Ground.
1962 Lavant Cup
The 14th Lavant Cup was a motor race, run for Formula One cars, held on 23 April 1962 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 21 laps of the circuit, and was won by New Zealand driver Bruce McLaren in a Cooper T55.

This race was held directly before the 1962 Glover Trophy, on the same day at the same circuit, with some drivers taking part in both events. Another Formula One race, the 1962 Pau Grand Prix, was also held on the same day. The Lavant Cup was normally a Formula Two race, but for 1962 it was open to Formula One cars with four-cylinder engines, thus excluding the BRMs and those cars using the Climax V8 engine. The V6 Ferraris were at the Pau event, so they were not affected by this rule.

McLaren won the race comfortably after John Surtees' car was hit by Günther Seiffert at the chicane while the Briton was lapping him.

1962 Pau Grand Prix
The 22nd Pau Grand Prix was a non-Championship motor race, run for Formula One cars, held on 23 April 1962 at Pau Circuit, the street circuit in Pau. The race was run over 100 laps of the circuit, and was won by Maurice Trintignant in a Lotus 18/21, run by the Rob Walker Racing Team.
Heraklion University Sports Hall
Heraklion University Sports Hall (Greek: Κλειστό Γήπεδο Πανεπιστημίου Ηρακλείου), is a small multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in the city of Heraklion, on the island of Crete, in Greece. It is located near the University of Crete. The indoor hall can be used to host several different events, with its primary use being to host basketball games, concerts, and the graduation ceremonies of the university. The arena's seating capacity for basketball games is 1,080 people.

2017 FIBA U20 European Championship
The 2017 FIBA U20 European Championship was the 20th edition of the FIBA U20 European Championship. The competition took place in three Greek cities, Chania, Rethymno and Heraklion, on the island of Crete, from 15 to 23 July 2017.
KFYN (AM)
KFYN (1420 AM, "Rewind 103.9") was a class D radio station that broadcast a classic hits format. Licensed to Bonham, Texas, United States, it served the Texoma area. KFYN's studios were located in downtown Paris. KFYN was owned by Vision Media Group, Inc.

Bonham, Texas
Bonham is a city in and the county seat of Fannin County, Texas, United States.  Its population was 10,408 at the 2020 census. James Bonham (the city's namesake) sought the aid of James Fannin (the county's namesake) at the Battle of the Alamo. Bonham is part of the Texoma region in northern Texas and southern Oklahoma.
Lice Mountain
Lice is a mountain in the Accursed Mountains in western Kosovo. Lice reaches a height of 1,799m above sea level. The mountain borders the Rugova Canyon in the south and the village of Kuqishtë and the river Lumbardhi i Pejës in the east.

Kuçishtë
Kuçishtë (Albanian definite form: Kuçishta; Serbian: Кућиште, Kućište) is a small village located in the municipality of Peja, Kosovo. Kuçishtë is located near the Montenegro border, at the edge of the Rugova Canyon in the Accursed Mountains. The Lumbardhi i Pejës flows past the village. The peak of Leqinat at 1,799 meters above sea level is situated to the west of the village. The village of Kuçishtë is categorized as being the last village in the Rugova Canyon and for the rough terrain it's on.

The lake on Leqinat mountain bears the name of the village although the lake is also called Leqinat lake.
Menegazzia ramulicola
Menegazzia ramulicola is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Australia, the species was described as new to science by Australian lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas in 2012. The type specimen was collected in Mount Field National Park (Tasmania) at an altitude of 1,030 m (3,380 ft), where it was growing on the Tasmanian endemic plant narrow leaf orites (Orites revolutus) in a woodland. The specific epithet ramulicola  refers to its usual habitat, young twigs.

The medulla of Menegazzia ramulicola contains stictic acid and lecanoric acid. It has a compact thallus that envelops twigs, and has few perforations (these perforations are typically a characteristic feature of genus Menegazzia).

Menegazzia
Menegazzia is a genus of lichenized fungi containing roughly 70 accepted species. The group is sometimes referred to as the tree flutes, honeycombed lichens, or hole-punch lichens.  The most obvious morphological feature of the genus is the distinctive perforations spread across the upper side of the thallus. This makes the group easy to recognise, even for those not particularly familiar with lichen identification.

The genus has a sub-cosmopolitan distribution (excluding Antarctica), but is concentrated in Australasia, Melanesia, and southern South America.  Most species grow exclusively on trees, but some grow on rocks, moss, and/or soil.
Valorant Masters Berlin 2021
The 2021 Valorant Champions Tour: Stage 3 Masters, also known as Valorant Masters Berlin 2021, was a global tournament organized by Riot Games for the first first-person shooter game Valorant as part of the Valorant Champions Tour 2021 competitive season. The tournament is the second global LAN tournament to be hosted by the game, and it served as one of the qualifying tournaments leading to its global crowning event of the season, the 2021 Valorant Champions. The tournament was held from September 10–19, 2021, in Berlin, Germany.

Gambit Esports won the championship after defeating Team Envy, via 3–0 sweep in the best-of-5 grand final to become the champions of the tournament and automatically qualify for the Valorant Champions.

Valorant Champions Tour
The Valorant Champions Tour (VCT) is a global competitive esports tournament series for the video game Valorant organised by Riot Games, the game's developers. The series runs multiple events throughout each season, culminating in Valorant Champions, the top-level event of the tour. The VCT was announced in 2020, with its inaugural season taking place in 2021.
Noord-Waddinxveen
Noord-Waddinxveen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It covered the northern half of the village Waddinxveen.

The municipality existed between 1817 and 1870, when it merged with Zuid-Waddinxveen.

Waddinxveen
Waddinxveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɑdɪŋksˈfeːn] ⓘ) is a town and municipality along the Gouwe river in the western Netherlands in the province of South Holland near Gouda. The municipality had a population of 30,479 in 2021 and covers an area of 29.40 km2 (11.35 sq mi) of which 1.63 km2 (0.63 sq mi) is water.

A small piece of artwork named De Vergeten Plek (Dutch for 'The Forgotten Place') marks the lowest point on the Dutch polders, 7.01 meters below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Okama Crater Lake
Okama (Japanese: 御釜), meaning an honourable cauldron, is the inactive volcanic crater (crater lake) on top of Mount Zaō, located in Kawasaki, Miyagi, on the border with Yamagata, Japan. While local people call it affectionately Okama, the visitors tend to call it Goshiki-numa (五色沼), meaning "Five Color Pond", because its color changes depending on the time of the day, the weather, or the season of the year.

Okama Crater Lake is situated at the height of about 1600 meters above sea level. According to the 1968 survey, its east-west and north-south diameters are both 325 meters, and maximum depth is 27.6 meters.

Kawasaki, Miyagi
Kawasaki (川崎町, Kawasaki-machi) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2020, the town had an estimated population of 8,637 and a population density of 32 persons per km2 in 3,391 households. The total area of the town is 270.77 square kilometres (104.54 sq mi).
Piasco
Piasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

It is home to the only museum of harps in the world.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Pledge Across America
The synchronized Pledge Across America is conducted each year on September 17 – Constitution Day. Pledge Across America is the nationally synchronized recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools. In 2001 shortly after September 11 the President of the United States and the United States Secretary of Education and both the United States Senate and House of Representatives joined over 52 million students in the synchronized Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. September 17, 2008 marked the 17th year the Pledge Across America takes place, and it also marked 117 years since Francis Bellamy wrote and first recited the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.

Francis Bellamy
Francis Julius Bellamy (May 18, 1855 – August 28, 1931) was an American Christian socialist Baptist minister and author. He is best known for writing the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.
Jung Jin-hwa
Jung Jin-Hwa (also Jeong Jin-Hwa, Korean: 정진화; born May 25, 1989, in Ulsan) is a modern pentathlete from South Korea. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he finished eleventh in the men's event, tying for the best result for a South Korean with Kim Mi-Seop at Atlanta in 1996.

Jung also won an individual bronze medal at the 2012 World Modern Pentathlon Championships in Rome, Italy, finishing behind the Russians, world champion Aleksander Lesun and two-time Olympic champion Andrey Moiseev.

At the 2016 Olympics, he finished in 13th place.

Andrey Moiseyev
Andrey Sergeyevich Moiseyev (Russian: Андрей Серге́евич Моисеев, born 3 June 1979) is a Russian pentathlete, who won the gold medal in the modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics. His 2004 score of 5480 is broken down as follows:

Shooting — 1036

Fencing — 1000

Swimming — 1376

Riding — 1032

Running — 1036
The Four: Battle for Stardom season 1
The first season of The Four: Battle for Stardom premiered on Fox on January 4, 2018. Fergie hosted the show, while Sean Combs, DJ Khaled, Meghan Trainor and Charlie Walk were judges. Prior to the season finale, Walk withdrew from the show following sexual assault allegations against him.

On February 8, 2018, the winner was announced as 20-year-old Evvie McKinney from Memphis, Tennessee, who was signed to Republic Records and named iHeartRadio's "On the Verge" artist.

The first season also propelled the future entertainment careers of Vincint Cannady, Zhavia Ward and Tim Johnson Jr.

Charlie Walk
Charlie Walk (born September 2, 1968) is an American music executive and entrepreneur. He was the president of Republic Records from 2016–2018, and the president of Epic Records from 2005–2008. In 2018, he appeared as a judge on the Fox reality series The Four: Battle for Stardom.
Amy Myers (artist)
Amy Myers  (born 1965 in Austin, Texas) is an American artist whose strong forms, compositions and geometric symmetry situates her practice in a lineage with the work of Lee Boutecou, Hilma af Klint, Georgia O'Keefe, and Roberto Matta.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. By gallery space, it is the second-largest art museum in the Americas. Following an eight-year campus redevelopment project in the 21st century, the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building opened in 2020.  In 2023, the museum received over 900,000 visitors, making it the 20th most-visited museum in the United States.
Edward Hoare (priest)
Edward Newenham Hoare (11 April 1802 – 1 February 1877),  a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin  was an Irish Anglican priest: he was Archdeacon of Ardfert from 1836 to 1839, then Dean of Achonry from 1839  to 1850; and Dean of Waterford  from then until his death.

Archdeacon of Ardfert
The Archdeacon of Ardfert was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe from the early thirteenth century to the early twentieth. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within his part of the Diocese of Ardfert (until 1666); and then the combined diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe.

The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Florence, who was mentioned in a document in the Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin archives as holding the office circa 1227. Two incumbents went on to hold bishoprics: John Smith (bishop of Killala and Achonry) and Raymond d’Audemar Orpen. Edward Day, Archdeacon 1782-1788, was a much-loved local figure, "a man of great erudition and unbounded benevolence". His grand-nephew Anthony Denny was also Archdeacon. The last discrete incumbent was William Foley.
Jean-Marc Bonfils
Jean-Marc Bonfils (1963 – 4 August 2020) was a Lebanese architect of French ethnicity, based in Beirut, known for his work in the city during the rebuilding after the Lebanese Civil War. He was killed by the 2020 Beirut explosion, which occurred near his home.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Cumberland County Courthouse (Maine)
The Cumberland County Courthouse is a courthouse building located in Portland, Maine, United States. Its main façade is on Federal Street, on the eastern side of Lincoln Park, and across Pearl Street from the Edward T. Gignoux United States Courthouse; its entrance is now at the rear of the property, at 205 Newbury Street.

Designed by local architect George Burnham, in partnership with Boston architect Guy Lowell, it was completed in 1910 and constructed in granite. The courts were formerly located in Portland City Hall, prior to its burning down in 1908.

An addition to the rear of the building, completed in 1991, was dedicated in honor of Vincent L. McKusick, chief justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court between 1977 and 1992.

Portland City Hall (Maine)
Portland City Hall is the center of city government in Portland, Maine. The fourth city hall built in Portland, it is located at 389 Congress Street, on a prominent rise, anchoring a cluster of civic buildings at the eastern end of Portland's downtown. The structure was built between 1909 and 1912 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Shannopin's Town
Shannopin's Town, or Shannopintown, was an 18th-century Lenape (Delaware) town located within the site of modern-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, along the Allegheny River, approximately two miles east from its junction with the Monongahela River. In the early 1700s, British colonial settlers began spreading into western Pennsylvania, forcing Lenape and other American Indian tribes to move further west, settling in the Ohio Country. Shannopin's Town was one of several communities established in western Pennsylvania in the 1720s. The town was largely abandoned during the construction of Fort Duquesne in 1754, although a small community still existed when General John Forbes' troops arrived in September 1758. The community was gone by the time construction on Fort Pitt was started in 1759.

James Hamilton (Pennsylvania politician)
James Hamilton (1710 – August 14, 1783), son of the British-born lawyer Andrew Hamilton who was active in the Thirteen Colonies, was also a lawyer and governmental figure in colonial Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. He served two terms as deputy governor of the Province of Pennsylvania from 1748 to 1754 and from 1759 to 1763. From 1745 to 1747, he was the mayor of Philadelphia.
SS Monagas
SS Monagas was a Venezuelan tanker that was torpedoed by the German submarine U-502 in the Gulf of Venezuela 12 nautical miles (22 km) west of Punta Macolla on 16 February 1942 while she was travelling from Maracaibo, Venezuela to Aruba while carrying a cargo of oil products.

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
Xi Chao
Xi Chao (336 – January or February 378), courtesy name Jingxing or Jingyu, was a Chinese politician of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was an advisor and close friend to the Jin Grand Marshal Huan Wen, aiding him in his northern expeditions and abdication of Emperor Fei of Jin. Xi later helped Huan Wen and his family consolidate their control over the state, but after Huan's death, he gradually lost influence to his rival Xie An until his death in early 378. Outside his career, Xi was an influential figure in the rise of Buddhism in China, as he was among the first of his time to try and cooperate the ideas of Confucianism and Taoism with the new teaching in his "Fengfayao (奉法要)". His name can be rendered as Chi Chao.

Jinxiang County
Jinxiang County (simplified Chinese: 金乡县; traditional Chinese: 金鄉縣; pinyin: Jīnxiāng Xiàn; lit. 'gold hometown') is a county of southwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangsu province to the southeast. It is under the administration of Jining City.

The population was 601,369 in 1999.

The county town of Jinxiang is known as "the world's garlic capital", producing 80% of the world's garlic exports.
47th New York State Legislature
The 47th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to November 27, 1824, during the second year of Joseph C. Yates's governorship, in Albany.

Schenectady County, New York
Schenectady County (/skəˈnɛktədi/) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,061. The county seat is Schenectady. The name is from a Mohawk language word meaning "on the other side of the pine lands," a term that originally applied to Albany. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Schenectady County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is west of the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson River. It includes territory on the north and the south sides of the Mohawk River.