hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group A
Group A of the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament was one of the twelve groups that decided the teams which qualified for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations finals tournament. The group consisted of four teams: Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe (winners of the preliminary round).

The teams played against each other in a home-and-away round-robin format between 9 June 2022 and 11 September 2023.

Nigeria and Guinea-Bissau, the group winners and runners-up respectively, qualified for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations.

2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
The 2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification matches were organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to decide the participating teams for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations in Ivory Coast, the 34th edition of the international men's football championship of Africa. A total of 24 teams qualified to play in the final tournament, including Ivory Coast, who qualified automatically as hosts.
Chea Cheapoo
Chea Cheapoo, Sr. (2 November 1942 – 16 September 2020) was a Liberian politician who served as the 15th chief justice of Liberia from July 1987 until his impeachment and removal from office on December 2 of that year. His full rights were later restored by an act of legislature.

Senate of Liberia
The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislative branch of Liberia, and together with the House of Representatives comprises the Legislature of Liberia. Each of the fifteen counties are equally represented by two senators, elected to serve staggered nine-year terms. The Senate meets at the Capitol Building in Monrovia.

The Senate is largely modeled on the United States Senate. The Constitution vests the legislative power of Liberia in both the Senate and the House, which must both concur on a bill prior to it being sent to the president. In addition, the Senate possesses several exclusive powers under the Constitution, including the power to advise and consent to the president's appointments to both the executive and judicial branches and the duty to try all public officials impeached by the House of Representatives.
Ligaments of malleus
The ligaments of malleus are three ligaments that attach the malleus in the middle ear. They are the anterior, lateral and superior ligaments.

The anterior ligament of the malleus also known as Casserio's ligament  is a fibrous band that extends from the neck of the malleus just above its anterior process to the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity close to the petrotympanic fissure. Some of the fibers also pass through the fissure to the spine of sphenoid bone.

The lateral ligament of the malleus is a triangular fibrous band that crosses from the posterior aspect of the tympanic notch to the head or neck of the malleus.

The superior ligament of the malleus is a delicate fibrous strand that crosses from the roof of the tympanic cavity to the head of the malleus.

Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear).

The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.  The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. The auditory tube (also known as the Eustachian tube or the pharyngotympanic tube) joins the tympanic cavity with the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.

The primary function of the middle ear is to efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid–membrane waves within the cochlea.
Ruggles of Red Gap (1918 film)
Ruggles of Red Gap is a lost 1918 American silent comedy film directed by Lawrence C. Windom and starring Taylor Holmes, a Broadway stage actor. It was produced by veteran film company Essanay Studios. It was based on Harry Leon Wilson's novel Ruggles of Red Gap.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
6084 Bascom
6084 Bascom, provisional designation 1985 CT, is a binary Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1985, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory in California. It is named after American geologist Florence Bascom. Its satellite measures approximately 2.3 kilometers (0.37 Ds/Dp) and has an orbital period of 43.51 hours.

Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer and a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. She discovered 32 comets (then a record for the most by an individual) and more than 500 asteroids.

Having earned degrees in history, political science, and English literature, she had little interest in planetary science until she met and married geologist Eugene Merle Shoemaker. Her career in astronomy began when she demonstrated good stereoscopic vision, a particularly valuable quality for looking for objects in near-Earth space. Despite the fact that her degrees were not in science, having that visual ability motivated the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to hire her as a research assistant on a team led by her husband. She went on to making record-setting discoveries in the field of astronomy, as well as being awarded honorary degrees and many professional awards.
Ariana Grande: Dangerous Woman Diaries
Ariana Grande: Dangerous Woman Diaries is an American documentary streaming television series, created by Alfredo Flores, that premiered on November 29, 2018, on YouTube Premium. The series documents American singer Ariana Grande, her backup tour dancers, management team, album producers, friends and family as they embark on her 2017 Dangerous Woman Tour.

On February 16, 2019, Grande announced on her Twitter that Sweetener Diaries, a follow-up to this series, will be in production throughout the course of her Sweetener World Tour, before being remade as the concert film Excuse Me, I Love You scheduled to be released in 2020.

Ariana Grande: Excuse Me, I Love You
Ariana Grande: Excuse Me, I Love You (stylized in all lowercase) is a 2020 American concert film that follows Ariana Grande on-stage and behind the scenes of the Sweetener World Tour in 2019. The film was released on December 21, 2020, on Netflix, in commemoration of the first anniversary of the tour's conclusion. The release of the film was preceded by the live album K Bye for Now (SWT Live) (2019), which was released a year prior and features audio recordings from said tour.
Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 with the song "Rock Me", composed by Rajko Dujmić, with lyrics by Stevo Cvikić, and performed by the band Riva. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through a national final. The entry eventually won the Eurovision Song Contest for the first and only time for Yugoslavia.

RTS 1 (Serbian TV channel)
RTS 1 (Serbian: РТС 1, romanized: RTS 1), known as RTS Program One (Serbian: Први програм РТС-а, romanized: Prvi program RTS-a), or Prvi (Serbian: Први), is a Serbian television channel that is part of Radio Television of Serbia (RTS). It was established on 23 August 1958 as the first television station in Serbia.
La Ronda (estate)
La Ronda was a mansion and estate in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania from 1929 to 2009. It was originally the home of Percival E. Foerderer, who ran a leather-manufacturing business, and his wife Ethel Brown.  The 17,500-square-foot (1,630 m2) Philadelphia Main Line mansion was the last commission by the renowned early 20th century architect Addison Mizner based in Palm Beach, Florida. The residence was built by J.S. Cornell & Son.

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Bryn Mawr (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR; from Welsh for 'big hill', IPA: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the Delaware County of Pennsylvania, United States. It is located just west of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue, also known as U.S. Route 30. As of 2020, the CDP is defined to include sections of Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, as well as portions of Haverford Township and Radnor Township.

Bryn Mawr is located toward the center of what is known as the Main Line, a group of affluent Philadelphia suburban villages stretching from the city limits to Malvern. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families during the Gilded Age, and over the decades became a bastion of old money. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,879. Bryn Mawr is home to Bryn Mawr College, and contains a sizable amount of student rentals, with roughly half of the community's population aged 18–24.
Mike Sui
Mike Sui (simplified Chinese: 隋凯; traditional Chinese: 隋凱; pinyin: Suí Kǎi) is a comedic actor and host in China who became famous for his "12 Beijingers" viral video released on April 27, 2012.

Sui was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan to a Chinese father and American mother, and grew up in Michigan and Beijing. He attended Madison West High School in Madison, Wisconsin. After moving to Beijing in 2005, he taught English and acted on Chinese television shows and commercials.

Sui's first film role was in 2010's Welcome to Shama Town. He appeared alongside Stephon Marbury in the 2014 musical I Am Marbury.

Madison West High School
Madison West High School is a public high school on the west side of Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1930 and is one of six secondary schools in the Madison Metropolitan School District. It serves students from Madison, Shorewood Hills, and Fitchburg.

Located near the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the Wisconsin State Capitol, the school was rated "Exceeds Expectations" on the 2023–2024 School Report Card by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. Its athletic teams, known as the Regents, compete in the WIAA Big Eight Conference.
Rational conformal field theory
In theoretical physics, a rational conformal field theory is a special type of two-dimensional conformal field theory with a finite number of conformal primaries. In these theories, all dimensions (and the central charge) are rational numbers that can be computed from the consistency conditions of conformal field theory. The most famous examples are the so-called minimal models.

More generally, rational conformal field theory can refer to any CFT with a finite number of primary operators with respect to the action of its chiral algebra. Chiral algebras can be much larger than the Virasoro algebra. Well-known examples include (the enveloping algebra of) affine Lie algebras, relevant to the Wess–Zumino–Witten model, and W-algebras.

Minimal model (physics)
In theoretical physics, a minimal model or Virasoro minimal model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose spectrum is built from finitely many irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra.
Minimal models have been classified, giving rise to an ADE classification. Most minimal models have been solved, i.e. their 3-point structure constants have been computed analytically. 
The term minimal model can also refer to a rational CFT based on an algebra that is larger than the Virasoro algebra, such as a W-algebra.
Kurbash
Kurbash, also known as Kourbash or Kurbaj (Arabic: كُرْبَاجْ, romanized: kurbāj, from Turkish: kırbaç, "a whip" ), is a whip or strap about a yard (91 cm) in length, made of the hide of the hippopotamus or rhinoceros. It is an instrument of punishment and torture that was used in the Ottoman Empire, most especially in Egypt. It was a tool widely employed by officials for various purposes of the state, including the obtaining of confessions from criminals, the collection of taxes, and the enforcement upon the population of the form of servitude known as corvée labor.

Fellah
A fellah (Arabic: فَلَّاح fallāḥ; feminine فَلَّاحَة fallāḥa; plural fellaheen or fellahin, فلاحين, fallāḥīn) is a local farmer, usually a farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa. The word derives from the Arabic word for "ploughman" or "tiller".

Due to a continuity in beliefs and lifestyle with that of the Ancient Egyptians, the fellahin of Egypt have been described as the "true" Egyptians.
Al-Omari Mosque (Bosra)
The Al-Omari Mosque of Bosra (Arabic: الْمَسْجِد الْعُمَرِي, romanized: al-Masjid al-ʿUmarīy) is a mosque in the Roman Ancient city of Bosra, Syria, a World Heritage Site. The mosque was founded by Caliph Umar, who led the Muslim conquest of Syria in 636 CE, and  it was completed in 721 CE by Caliph Yazid II. The mosque was renovated in the 12th and 13th century CE by the Ayyubid dynasties. The mosque was lightly damaged between 2012 and 2014, during the Syrian civil war. The mosque has been renovated, and is active.

Ancient City of Bosra
The Ancient City of Bosra is an archaeological site located in the city of Bosra, Syria. The site illustrates the Roman, Byzantine and Muslim civilizations, and was inscribed by UNESCO on the list of World Heritage Sites in 1980.
Manavasi Ramaswami Iyer
Manavasi Ramaswami Iyer (also known as Saranagati Ramaswami Iyer) was a devotee of Ramana Maharshi. He composed the well-known song Saranagati in his devotion to Ramana Maharshi, which is still sung by devotees of Ramana Maharshi today.

Native to the Manavasi village of Trichy District, Ramaswami Iyer was transferred to a place only 60 kilometres from Tiruvannamalai, Villupuram, where he was the Supervisor of the Public Works Department there. He first went to Tiruvannamalai to meet Ramana Maharshi at the Virupaksha cave in 1907. He was suffering from severe dyspepsia and Ramana Maharshi cured him. Ramaswami Iyer also learned how to compose Tamil kritis from Ramana Maharshi. Ramana Maharshi also saved Ramaswami Iyer from death twice.

Ramaswami Iyer had five daughters and one son. His daughter Rajam was a painter and his daughter Lalitha Venkataraman was a singer.

Ramaswami Iyer planted and watered the massive banyan trees that today exist near the rear part of Ramanashram.

Sri Ramana Ashram
Sri Ramanashram, also known as Sri Ramanasramam, is the ashram which was home to modern sage and Advaita master Ramana Maharshi from 1922 until his death in 1950. It is situated at the foot of the Arunachala hill, to the west of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, where thousands of seekers flocked to be in his presence. His samadhi shrine continues to attract devotees from all over the world.
Horkherty
Horkherty was an Ancient Egyptian official of the Twelfth Dynasty under king Senusret III. Horkherty is so far only known from his mastaba found next to the pyramid of the king at Dahshur. North of the Pyramid of Senusret III at Dahshur is a small cemetery belonging to officials serving under the king. The largest tomb there belongs to the treasurer Sobekemhat, a slightly smaller mastaba right next to this one belongs to the vizier Nebit. A third big mastaba belonged to Horkherty. The mastaba is not well preserved. His titles include royal sealer and king's acquaintance. Within his mastaba complex was found the unlooted burial of a woman called Sitwerut, perhaps the wife of Horkherty.

Dahshur
Dahshur (in English often called Dashur; Arabic: دهشور Dahšūr  pronounced [dɑhˈʃuːɾ]) is an ancient Egyptian pyramid complex and necropolis and shares the name of the nearby village of Manshiyyat Dahshur (Arabic: منشأة دهشور) in markaz Badrashin, Giza.

Dahshur is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is located on the Western Desert plateau at the edge of the cultivated plain, and along with the pyramid complexes at Saqqara, Abusir, and Giza,  to its north, forms the pyramid fields of the ancient capital city of Memphis. It is known chiefly for several pyramids, mainly Sneferu's Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, which are among the oldest, largest and best preserved in Egypt, built from 2613 to 2589 BC.
Flatback sea turtle
The Australian flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) is a species of sea turtle in the family Cheloniidae. The species is endemic to the sandy beaches and shallow coastal waters of the Australian continental shelf. This turtle gets its common name from the fact that its shell has a flattened, lower dome than the other sea turtles. It can be olive green to grey with a cream underside. It averages from 76 to 96 cm (30 to 38 in) in carapace length and can weigh from 70 to 90 kg (150 to 200 lb). The hatchlings are larger than other sea turtle hatchlings when they hatch and emerge from their nests.

The flatback turtle is listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient scientific information to determine its conservation status at this time. It was previously listed as vulnerable in 1994. It is not as threatened as other sea turtles due to its small dispersal range. This animal can be 31 to 37 inches long and about 100 kg in weight.

Allan Riverstone McCulloch
Allan Riverstone McCulloch (20 June 1885 – 1 September 1925) was a prominent Australian ichthyologist.

Born in Sydney, Australia, McCulloch began his scientific career at the age of 13 as an unpaid assistant to Edgar Ravenswood Waite in the Australian Museum where Waite encouraged McCulloch to study zoology. Three years later, he was employed as a "mechanical assistant", and five years after that, as curator of fishes, a post he held until his death.
Nephi Anderson
Christian Nephi Anderson (January 22, 1865 – January 6, 1923) was a prominent Utah novelist and member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). A prolific writer of the "Home Literature" period of LDS fiction, Anderson published ten novels including the bestselling Added Upon (1898), as well as short stories, poetry, essays, and a history of the Church for young people.

Heber J. Grant
Heber Jeddy Grant (November 22, 1856 – May 14, 1945) was an American religious leader who served as the seventh president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Grant worked as a bookkeeper and a cashier, but was called to be an LDS apostle on October 16, 1882, at age 25. After the death of Joseph F. Smith in late 1918, Grant served as the LDS Church president until his death.

Grant was the first LDS church president born after the exodus to Utah in 1847. He was also the last LDS Church president to have practiced polygamy. Grant had three wives, although by the time he became church president in 1918, only his second wife, Augusta Winters, was still living. In business, Grant helped develop the Avenues neighborhood of Salt Lake City. In 1884, he served one term as a representative to the Utah territorial Legislative Assembly.
Tuulola
Tuulola is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eetu Tuulola (born 1998), Finnish ice hockey player

Joni Tuulola (born 1996), Finnish ice hockey player

Marko Tuulola (born 1971), Finnish ice hockey player

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Lauriya Assembly constituency
Lauriya Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Paschim Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.

Lauriya is one of six assembly constituencies in the Valmiki Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency). Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 5 amongst 243 constituencies.

Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency
Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India. This constituency came into existence in 2008, following delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
Account pre-hijacking
Account pre-hijacking attacks are a class of security exploit related to online services. They involve anticipating a user signing up for an online service and signing up to the service in their name, and then taking over their account when they attempt to register it themselves. The attack relies on confusion between accounts created by federated identity services and accounts created using e-mail addresses and passwords, and the failure of services to resolve this confusion correctly.

Pre-hijacking was first identified as a class of vulnerabilities in 2022, based on research funded by Microsoft's Security Response Center.

Out of 75 online services surveyed, 35 were found to be vulnerable to various forms of the exploit. Vulnerable services included Dropbox, Instagram, LinkedIn, WordPress and Zoom. The existence of the vulnerability was reported to all the service providers before publication of the paper.

Exploit (computer security)
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, applications, networks, operating systems, or hardware, typically for malicious purposes.
The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage."
Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or steal sensitive data.
While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls.

Researchers estimate that malicious exploits cost the global economy over US$450 billion annually.
In response to this threat, organizations are increasingly utilizing cyber threat intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and prevent hacks before they occur.
The Complete Works (Queen album)
The Complete Works is a box set issued by the rock band Queen in 1985. It contained all of the band's original studio albums, live album and non-album tracks to that point. It was available in vinyl format only.

Live Killers
Live Killers is a double live album by the British rock band Queen, released on 22 June 1979. The album was recorded live during the European leg of Queen's Jazz Tour, between 26 January and 1 March 1979.