hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lavras
Lavras is a municipality in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Located at an altitude of 919 m, it has a population of 104,761 inhabitants (2022). The area of the municipality is 564.495 km2. The average annual temperature is 19.6 °C and the average annual rainfall is 1,511 millimetres.

Located in the Green Valley and Waterfalls tourist circuit, it is also near the Waters circuit – a series of spas in the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais — and the Inconfidentes Trail circuit – a historical region of Minas. Lavras is connected by highway to the state capital, Belo Horizonte (237 km), to São Paulo (379 km), and Rio de Janeiro (423 km).

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

The IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto. It was made a federal agency by the Federal Decree-Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.
Branciforte Creek
Branciforte Creek is a 5.8-mile (9.3 km) long watercourse in Santa Cruz County, California, United States.  Branciforte Creek rises on the western slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains and discharges to the San Lorenzo River, which in turn empties into the Pacific Ocean.  Within the State of California Branciforte Creek is classified within the Central Coast Basin.  As of the year 2002, the State of California has designated Branciforte Creek as impaired with respect to turbidity and pathogens.  The Branciforte watershed consists of 6,231 acres (25.22 km2), approximately 70 percent of which is covered with mixed evergreen forest, conifer forest and other undisturbed habitats.

In 2001, a stream restoration project was funded by the State of California to remove barriers to anadromous fish migration in Branciforte Creek, with emphasis upon enhancing juvenile migration.  Ongoing flood control maintenance is performed on certain lower reaches of Branciforte Creek.

Santa Cruz Mountains
The Santa Cruz Mountains (Mutsun Ohlone: Mak-sah-re-jah, "Sharp Ridged Mountain of the Eagle" or "People of the Eagle Mountain") are a mountain range in central and Northern California, United States, constituting a part of the Pacific Coast Ranges. They form a ridge down the San Francisco Peninsula, south of San Francisco. They separate the Pacific Ocean from the San Francisco Bay and the Santa Clara Valley, and continue south to the Central Coast, bordering Monterey Bay and ending at the Salinas Valley. The range passes through the counties of San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz, with the Pajaro River forming the southern boundary.
HMS E45
HMS E45 was a British E-class submarine built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead. She was launched on 25 January 1916 and was commissioned in August 1916. E45 torpedoed U-boat UC-62 in the North Sea on 15 October 1917. E45 was sold in South Wales on 6 September 1922.

SM UC-62
SM UC-62 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916, laid down on 3 April 1916, and was launched on 9 December 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 8 January 1917 as SM UC-62. In nine patrols UC-62 was credited with sinking 11 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. On 19 March 1917, the submerged Royal Navy submarine HMS E50 suffered damage in a collision UC-62 in the North Sea off the North Hinder Light Vessel. UC-62 struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Zeebrugge, Belgium, on 14 October 1917.
Fort São Neutel
41°45′00″N 7°28′04″W﻿ / ﻿41.75006186582236°N 7.467674816616899°W﻿ / 41.75006186582236; -7.467674816616899

Fort São Neutel is located in the Parish of Santa Maria Maior of the city of Chaves, District of Vila Real, in Portugal.

It complemented the defence provided by Fort São Francisco to the city of Chaves, on the hill to the north, by the border with Galicia.

The São Neutel Fort has been classified as a National Monument since 1938.

Chaves, Portugal
Chaves (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃavɨʃ] ⓘ), officially the City of Chaves (Portuguese: Cidade de Chaves), is a city and a municipality in the north of Portugal. It is 10 km south of the Spanish border and 22 km south of Verín (Spain). The population of the entire municipality in 2011 was 41,243, in an area of 591.23 km2. The municipality is the second most populous of the district of Vila Real (the district capital, Vila Real, is 60 km south on the A24 motorway). With origins in the Roman civitas Aquæ Flaviæ, Chaves has developed into a regional centre. The urban area or city proper has 17,535 residents (2001).
Santa María La Bella Convent
Santa María La Bella Convent was a Franciscan convent located in the municipality of Lepe, Province of Huelva, Spain. It was built between the port of El Terrón and the Torre del Catalán, near the former mouth of the Piedras River.

Constructed in 1513 to replace an earlier 15th-century convent nearby, it housed friars from its founding until its confiscation in 1835. After this, it was abandoned and fell into ruins, around which an annual Romería is held in honor of the Lady of the Bella, a Marian devotion image once kept in the convent.

Torre del Catalán
The Torre del Catalán (English: El Catalán Tower) is a watchtower located in Lepe, in the province of Huelva (Spain), declared Bien de Interés Cultural.

It is located on top of one of the millenary hillocks that border the coastline, halfway between the beach of La Antilla and the port of El Terrón. It dominates the portion of coastline in front of it and had the mission of guarding it against the incursion of pirates. From its position you can see the natural area Marismas del río Piedras y Flecha del Rompido.
Stronda Style
Stronda Style is the first album by Bonde da Stronda, it was recorded between 2007 and 2008. The demo contains 16 tracks, contains some of the greatest hits of the group as "Nossa Química" and "Garota Diferente".

Nova Era da Stronda
Nova Era da Stronda  is the first studio album of the carioca group Bonde da Stronda released on August 9, 2009 by the label "Galerão Records". Already containing some of the old hits of the duo as "Nossa Quimica", "XXT" among others. On April 11, 2010 they released the video clip for the song "Playsson Raiz". Later, on September 18, 2010 they released a video clip for the song "Mansão Thug Stronda", and currently spends more than 35 million hits on YouTube.
North Westmorland Rural District
54°35′20″N 2°31′05″W﻿ / ﻿54.589°N 2.518°W﻿ / 54.589; -2.518
North Westmorland was a rural district in Westmorland, England from 1935 to 1974.  It now forms part of the Eden district of Cumbria.  It was formed in 1935 by the merger of the East Westmorland Rural District, Shap urban district and most of West Ward Rural District.

The district entirely surrounded the Appleby municipal borough.

Westmorland
Westmorland (/ˈwɛstmərlənd/, formerly also spelt Westmoreland) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The area included part of the Lake District and the southern Vale of Eden, and its inhabitants were known as Westmerians.

The county had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria together with Cumberland, the Sedbergh area of Yorkshire, and the Furness area of Lancashire. It gives its name to the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area, which covers a larger area than the historic county.
Akusha-Dargo Union
Akusha-Dargo Union (Russian: Акуша-Дарго) was the union of free Dargin societies centered in the village of Akusha. It included the territories of the current Levashinsky and Akushinsky districts of Dagestan.

Dargins
Dargins or Dargwa (Dargwa: дарганти, darganti) are a Northeast Caucasian native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus, and who make up the second largest ethnic group in the North Caucasian republic of Dagestan. They speak the various Dargin languages.

According to the 2021 Census, Dargins make up 16.6% of the population of Dagestan, with 521,381 people. They are concentrated in the Kaytagsky District, Dakhadayevsky District, Levashinsky District, Akushinsky District and Sergokalinsky Districts.

The Dargins have lived in their present-day location for many centuries. They formed the state of Kaitag in the Middle Ages and Renaissance until Russian conquest. Today, the Dargins are one of the most numerous ethnic groups in Dagestan (an amalgamation of many of the historical peoples in the region), the second most numerous after Avars.
Shameless season 2
The second season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, premiered on January 8, 2012, at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network. Executive producers are John Wells, Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn, with producer Michael Hissrich. The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 1, 2012. The show's season premiere brought in 1.58 million viewers, which was higher than the season 1 premiere. The episode airing March 4, "Parenthood", received 1.6 million total viewers, its highest-rated show of the season. The season finale scored 1.45 million viewers.

Shameless (American TV series)
Shameless is an American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells that aired on Showtime from January 9, 2011, to April 11, 2021. It is an adaptation of Paul Abbott's British series of the same name and features an ensemble cast led by William H. Macy. The series is set in the South Side of Chicago, Illinois.

With the premiere of the ninth season on September 9, 2018, Shameless became the longest-running scripted original series in Showtime's history. In January 2020, the series was renewed for its eleventh and final season, which was scheduled to premiere in mid-2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it instead premiered on December 6, 2020. On December 14, 2020, Showtime announced that they were airing a clip show series during Season 11, titled Shameless: Hall of Shame, containing new scenes juxtaposed with clips from the show to summarize the characters' journeys during the prior 10 seasons. The series finale aired on April 11, 2021.
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
The interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) is a virtually ubiquitous membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines. Endogenous human type I IFNs include many subtypes, such as interferons-α, -β, -ε, -κ, -ω, and -ζ.

JAK-STAT signaling pathway
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death, and tumor formation. The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors (which bind the chemical signals). Disrupted JAK-STAT signalling may lead to a variety of diseases, such as skin conditions, cancers, and disorders affecting the immune system.
Arezzo
Arezzo (UK: /əˈrɛtsoʊ, æˈr-/ ə-RET-soh, arr-ET-soh, US: /ɑːˈr-/ ar-ET-soh; Italian: [aˈrettso]) is a city and comune in Italy and the capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southeast of Florence at an elevation of 296 metres (971 ft) above sea level. As of 2022, the population was about 97,000.

Known as the city of gold and of the high fashion, Arezzo was home to artists and poets such as Giorgio Vasari, Guido of Arezzo and Guittone d'Arezzo and in its province to Renaissance artist Michelangelo. In the artistic field, the city is famous for the frescoes by Piero della Francesca inside the Basilica of San Francesco, and the crucifix by Cimabue inside the Basilica of San Domenico. The city is also known for the important Giostra del Saracino, a game of chivalry that dates back to the Middle Ages.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
Zhongguo Renming Dacidian (中国人名大辞典, first published 1921), literally "Great Biographical Dictionary of China", is the leading biographical dictionary in China, to some extent comparable with Who's Who. The publisher is The Commercial Press, Shanghai. In English bibliographies it is sometimes referred to by English titles, although an English version does not exist; sometimes by its Chinese title in pinyin.

The original 1921 editors were Fang Baoguan (方宝观), Fang Yi (方毅) and a team of 23 editors. Although the Chinese title is only used by Commercial Press, longer titles including the Commercial Press title have occasionally appeared from other publishers for more specialist works. For example, Zhongguo Renming Dacidian: Xianren Dang-zhengjun Lingdao Renwujuan ("Who's Who in China: Current Leaders in the Party, Government, and Military") is published by Beijing Foreign Languages Publishing House.

Who's Who
A Who's Who (or Who Is Who) is a reference work consisting of biographical entries of notable people in a particular field. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication Who's Who, a reference work on contemporary prominent people in Britain published annually since 1849.

In addition to legitimate reference works, some Who's Who lists involve the selling of "memberships" in directories that are created online or through instant publishing services, and have been described as scams.
Shattuckite
Shattuckite is a copper silicate hydroxide mineral with formula Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic – dipyramidal crystal system and usually occurs in a granular massive form and also as fibrous acicular crystals.  It is closely allied to plancheite in structure and appearance.

Shattuckite is a relatively rare copper silicate mineral. It was first discovered in 1915 in the copper mines of Bisbee, Arizona, specifically the Shattuck Mine (hence the name). It is a secondary mineral that forms from the alteration of other secondary minerals. At the Shattuck Mine, it forms pseudomorphs after malachite. A pseudomorph is an atom by atom replacement of a crystal structure by another crystal structure, but with little alteration of the outward shape of the original crystal. It is sometimes used as a gemstone.

Malachite
Malachite (/ˈmæl.əˌkaɪt/) is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures and deep, underground spaces, where the water table and hydrothermal fluids provide the means for chemical precipitation. Individual crystals are rare, but occur as slender to acicular prisms. Pseudomorphs after more tabular or blocky azurite crystals also occur.
Akashi Domain
Akashi Domain (明石藩, Akashi-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Akashi Castle, which is located in what is now the city of Akashi, Hyōgo.

Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.
Prignitz I (electoral district)
Prignitz I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Brandenburg. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 1. It is located in the Prignitz district

Prignitz
Prignitz (German: [ˈpʁiːɡnɪts] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in northwestern Brandenburg, in northeastern Germany. Neighboring districts, clockwise from the north, are Ludwigslust-Parchim (in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Ostprignitz-Ruppin (Brandenburg), Stendal (Saxony-Anhalt), and Lüchow-Dannenberg (Lower Saxony).
World Rapid Chess Championship 2024
The World Rapid Chess Championship 2024 was the 2024 edition of the annual World Rapid Chess Championship held by FIDE to determine the world champions in chess played under rapid time controls. The tournament was held at Cipriani Wall Street in New York City from 26 to 28 December 2024, using a Swiss system with 13 rounds for the open tournament and 11 rounds for the women's tournament. Players eligible to participate in the open tournament had to either be rated at least 2550 Elo in a FIDE rating list during 2024, or be a reigning national champion. The time control was 15 minutes per player with a 10-second per-move increment. Since 2012, FIDE has held the World Rapid and Blitz Championships at a joint tournament.

World Rapid Chess Championship
The World Rapid Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under rapid time controls. Prior to 2012, FIDE gave such recognition to a limited number of tournaments, with non-FIDE recognized tournaments annually naming a world rapid champion of their own. Since 2012, FIDE has held an annual joint rapid and blitz chess tournament and billed it as the World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships. FIDE also holds the Women's World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championship. The current rapid world champion is grandmaster Magnus Carlsen from Norway. Aleksandra Goryachkina from Russia is the current women's rapid world champion.
Bill Westwater
Bill Westwater was an early twentieth-century Scottish footballer who played in Scotland, Canada and the United States.

In 1922, Westwater moved to Canada, spending one season with the Toronto All Scots before moving to Montreal Carsteel. In 1924, he played in the American Soccer League with New Bedford Whalers, and the following season with Boston Soccer Club. After several seasons abroad he returned to play with former team Montréal Carsteel FC in 1926 and later with Montreal CNR in the National Soccer League.

Montréal Carsteel FC
Montréal Carsteel FC (later known as Cancar FC) was a Canadian soccer club based in Montréal, Québec. They were one-time Dominion of Canada Football Championships winners, lifting the Challenge Trophy in 1948. They were recognized by the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame as an Organisation of Distinction.

Over the course of their soccer history, Carsteel FC played in several leagues and competitions and were at times either a professional or amateur club. They were renamed Cancar FC in 1949 and they played their last major season in 1953. The soccer team was owned (and named after) the Canadian Car and Foundry.

Wrote Winnipeg sports journalist Vince Leah in 1943, "you can name the famous Canadian soccer teams on one hand... Westminster Royals, Toronto Ulster, Montréal Carsteel and United Weston."
Tchibota
Tchibota is a village in Kouilou, Republic of the Congo.  The Vili people have a surname with the name Tchibota which originates from this town.  The population of the village and surrounding villages is 262,931.

Kouilou Department
04°19′40″S 11°53′37″E﻿ / ﻿4.32778°S 11.89361°E﻿ / -4.32778; 11.89361

Kouilou (Kongo: Kwilu, Kuilu ) is a department of the Republic of the Congo. Covering the country's coastline, it has an area of 13,650 square kilometres and at the start of 2023 it was home to about 97,362 people. The department borders Niari Department, the commune of Pointe-Noire, and internationally, Gabon and the Cabinda area of Angola.

Since 2011 the town of Loango has been the capital of the Kouilou department. Before, the capital was Hinda (see "Villages and towns" part).

Kouilou is also the name of a river, the Kouilou-Niari River.
Agononida incerta
Agononida incerta is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. It is found from Taiwan and the Philippines to southern Western Australia, ranging from 280 to 460 metres (920 to 1,510 ft) in depth. The males usually measure from 7 to 38 millimetres (0.28 to 1.50 in) and the females from 7.5 to 21 millimetres (0.30 to 0.83 in). It forms a species complex with A. africerta, A. auscerta, A. indocerta, A. norfocerta, A. madagascerta, A. polycerta, A. tasmancerta, A. vanuacerta, and A. rubrizonata.

Agononida rubrizonata
Agononida rubrizonata is a species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. The males measure from about 15 to 28 millimetres (0.59 to 1.10 in) and the females from about 23 to 26 millimetres (0.91 to 1.02 in). It is found off of New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Taiwan, Vanuatu, and the eastern and western margins of Australia, at depths between about 275 and 755 metres (902 and 2,477 ft).
Dragon's Gate
Dragon's Gate was an interactive, real time, text-based multi user online fantasy role-playing game, sometimes referred to as a MUD. It was one of the longest running pay-for-play online games in the world, it opened to the public in the spring of 1990 on GEnie. In 1996 the game was moved to AOL. Later the game was moved to Mythic Realms, and finally to independent server, where it ran until the summer of 2007.

Role-playing
Role-playing or roleplaying is the changing of one's behaviour to assume a role, either unconsciously to fill a social role, or consciously to act out an adopted role. While the Oxford English Dictionary offers a definition of role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role", in the field of psychology, the term is used more loosely in four senses:

To refer to the playing of roles generally such as in a theatre, or educational setting;

To refer to taking a role of a character or person and acting it out with a partner taking someone else's role, often involving different genres of practice;

To refer to a wide range of games including role-playing video game (RPG), play-by-mail games and more;

To refer specifically to role-playing games.