hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
D. C. Coleman
Donald Cuthbert Coleman (21 January 1920 – 3 September 1995) was a British economic historian.

After attending The Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, an independent school in Elstree in Hertfordshire, Coleman served in the Royal Artillery in Africa, Italy and Greece during World War II, reaching the rank of major. He gained his first degree and PhD at the London School of Economics and was appointed to a post there of Lecturer in Industrial History in 1951. He stayed at LSE as Reader and (1969–1971) Professor of Economic History, and then moved to the University of Cambridge as Professor of Economic History and Fellow of Pembroke College in 1971, taking early retirement in 1981 to concentrate on his scholarly work.  He was editor of the Economic History Review 1967–72.

The annual Coleman Prize of the Association of Business Historians is named in his memory.

Haberdashers' Boys' School
Haberdashersʼ Boysʼ School (formerly Haberdashersʼ Askeʼs Boysʼ School) is a 4–18 boys public school in Elstree, Hertfordshire, England. It is a member of the Headmastersʼ and Headmistressesʼ Conference.

The school was founded in 1690 by a Royal Charter granted to the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers to establish a hospital for 20 boarders with £32,000 from the legacy of Robert Aske (equivalent to approximately £5m in 2019).

The school relocated from its original site in Hoxton in 1874, eventually (1961) moving to 104 acres of green belt countryside in Elstree. The house names in the preparatory and pre–preparatory schools represent the patron saints of the four countries of the United Kingdom –  England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

It sits on the same site as the Haberdashers' Girls' School.
The Target (The Wire)
"The Target" is the series premiere of the American police drama The Wire. It debuted on June 2, 2002, on HBO in the United States. The episode was written by David Simon from a story by Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Clark Johnson. The story focuses on Baltimore Police Detective Jimmy McNulty setting his sights on Stringer Bell and Avon Barksdale's drug-dealing organization as the target of an investigation.

Nearly 3.7 million viewers watched "The Target" on its debut. Critical reception was largely positive, with praise for the writing, character development, and exploration of a police department's workings.

Herc (The Wire)
Thomas "Herc" Hauk is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by Domenick Lombardozzi. The series introduces Herc as a detective in the Baltimore Police Department's Narcotics Unit, begrudgingly detailed to the initial Barksdale investigation. He is generally portrayed as encapsulating the failings of the contemporary Baltimore police officer: simple-minded, concerned with petty street arrests and minor drug charges, and priding himself and his colleagues on banging heads "the Western District way".

He is also the partner and best friend of Ellis Carver, the two rarely being unpaired until later seasons. Following his promotion to sergeant, he is dismissed from the force, subsequently finding employment as a private investigator for attorney—and invariant legal advisor for drug organizations—Maurice Levy.
Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide
Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula [(CH3)3S=O]+I−. It is a sulfoxonium salt derived from dimethylsulfoxide. It is iodide salt of a common sulfoxonium cation. This compound, a colorless solid, is commercially available. It may be prepared by the alkylation of dimethyl sulfoxide with iodomethane:

(CH3)2SO + CH3I → [(CH3)3SO]+I−

The trimethylsulfoxonium ion features a tetrahedral molecular geometry at sulfur center. The ion has idealized C3v symmetry. It is isoelectronic with trimethylphosphine oxide.

Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide is used to generate dimethyloxosulfonium methylide by reaction with sodium hydride. The latter compound is used to prepare epoxides from ketones and aldehydes.

Iodide
An iodide ion is I−. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.
Jackson Avenue station (IRT White Plains Road Line)
The Jackson Avenue station is a local station on the IRT White Plains Road Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Jackson and Westchester Avenues in the Melrose neighborhood of the Bronx, it is served by the 2 train at all times, and the 5 train at all times except late nights and rush hours in the peak direction.

The Jackson Avenue station opened on November 26, 1904, as part of the initial segment of the IRT White Plains Road Line. The station was first served by elevated trains from the IRT Second Avenue Line and the IRT Third Avenue Line, and direct service from the IRT Lenox Avenue Line started in 1905. The Bergen Avenue cutoff, which carried trains between Jackson Avenue and the Third Avenue Line's express tracks, was in operation from 1917 to 1946. The platforms were extended in 1949, and the northbound fare control area was replaced after a 1977 fire. The station has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2004.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Sovereign Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey
The Sovereign Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey is a Canadian Thoroughbred horse racing honour. Created in 1975 by the Jockey Club of Canada, it is part of the Sovereign Awards program and is awarded annually to a jockey undergoing their apprenticeship.

Honourees:

A † denotes a jockey who also won that year's United States Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey.

Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey
The Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey is an American thoroughbred horse racing honor. Created in 1971, it is part of the Eclipse Awards program honoring Champions in numerous horse racing categories. This article lists the annual winners of the Eclipse Award for a jockey undergoing their apprenticeship.

The 1977 winner, Steve Cauthen, also won the overall Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey that same year. Three women have won this Eclipse Award: Rosemary Homeister in 1992, Emma-Jayne Wilson in 2005, and Jessica Pyfer for 2021.

Past winners:
Church Fenton
Church Fenton is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is about 16 miles (26 km) east of Leeds, about 6 miles (10 km) south-east from Tadcaster and 3 miles (5 km) north from Sherburn in Elmet. Neighbouring villages include Barkston Ash, Cawood and Ulleskelf. The former RAF Church Fenton is located immediately north-east, which is now known as Leeds East Airport.

Sherburn in Elmet
Sherburn in Elmet (pronounced /ˈʃɜːrbərnɪnˈɛlmɪt/ SHUR-bər-nin-EL-mit) is a town and civil parish in the district and county of North Yorkshire, England. It is to the west of Selby and south of Tadcaster.

It was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

It is one of three placenames associated with the post-Roman kingdom of Elmet, the others being Barwick-in-Elmet and Scholes-in-Elmet. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 6,657.
Shannon Development
Shannon Development (legally the Shannon Free Airport Development Company Limited formerly known as SFADCO) was an important regional development body for the Shannon Region of Ireland. Its area in the lower River Shannon basin comprised all of counties Clare, Limerick, and the former North Tipperary, as well as north Kerry and west Offaly.  Its key founder was Brendan O'Regan.

Shannon Development worked with, but was not an agency of, Forfás.

Enterprise Ireland
Enterprise Ireland is an Irish state economic development agency focused on helping Irish-owned business deliver new export sales. The aim of Enterprise Ireland is to help Irish enterprises to "start, grow, innovate and win export sales in global markets."
Kamboi Eagles F.C.
The Kamboi Eagles Football Club commonly known as Kamboi Eagles, is a Sierra Leonean football club based in Kenema City, Sierra Leone, currently a member of the Sierra Leone National Premier League, the highest division of football league in Sierra Leone. The Eagles have an intense rivalry with the Diamond Stars of Kono and cross-regional rival Bo Rangers.

Diamond Stars F.C.
The Diamond Stars Football Club is a Sierra Leonean professional football club based in Koidu Town, Kono District, Sierra Leone. The club represent the diamond-rich Kono District and is a member of the Sierra Leone National Premier League, the top football league in Sierra Leone. The club is coached by a Class A Coach ZAPA.
El Cielo Biosphere Reserve
The El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de la Biosfera El Cielo in Spanish) is located in the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southern part of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas near the town of Gómez Farias. The reserve protects the northernmost extension of tropical forest and cloud forest in Mexico. It has an area of 144,530 hectares (357,100 acres; 558.0 sq mi) made up mostly of steep mountains rising from about 200 metres (660 ft) to a maximum altitude of more than 2,300 metres (7,500 ft).

The state of Tamaulipas protected the area in 1985 and in 1987 it was formally recognized as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme.

Boa imperator
Boa imperator (or Boa constrictor imperator in common usage) is a large and heavy-bodied arboreal species of nonvenomous, constrictor-type snake in the family Boidae. One of the most popular pet snakes (often bred in captivity) in the world, B. imperator's native range is from Mexico through Central and South America (west of the Andes Mountains, mainly in Colombia), with local populations on several small Caribbean islands. It is commonly called the Central American boa, northern boa, Colombian boa (or Colombian red-tailed boa), common boa and common northern boa.
Sergi López (footballer)
Sergi López Segú (6 October 1967 – 4 November 2006) was a Spanish footballer who played as a central defender.

He played professionally for three clubs during his career, mainly Barcelona. He appeared in 62 La Liga matches over eight seasons (two goals), also representing in the competition Mallorca and Zaragoza.

After some personal problems, López (the older brother of Barcelona and Valencia's Gerard López) died by suicide in 2006 at the age of 39.

1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1988–89 season of the European Cup Winners' Cup was won for the third time by Barcelona in the final against Italian entrants Sampdoria. The two sides would meet again in the 1992 European Cup Final, which Barcelona also won. Wimbledon did not participate due to UEFA's five-year ban on English clubs from European competition. The defending champions Mechelen were eliminated in the semi-finals by eventual runners-up Sampdoria.
Castro–Stephens coupling
The Castro–Stephens coupling is a cross coupling reaction between a copper(I) acetylide and an aryl halide in pyridine, forming a disubstituted alkyne and a copper(I) halide.

The reaction was described in 1963 by chemists Castro and Stephens. The reaction is similar to the much older Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis (1914) between aryl halides and copper(I) cyanide and was itself modified in 1975 as the Sonogashira coupling by adding a palladium catalyst and preparing the organocopper compound in situ, allowing copper to also be used catalytically.

A typical reaction diphenylacetylene is obtained by the coupling of iodobenzene with CuC2C6H5 in hot pyridine:

Unlike the Sonogashira coupling, the Castro–Stephens coupling can produce heterocyclic compounds when a nucleophilic group is ortho to the aryl halide, although this typically requires use of dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent.

Rosenmund–von Braun reaction
The Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis is an organic reaction in which an aryl halide reacts with cuprous cyanide to yield an aryl nitrile.

The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund who together with his Ph.D. student Erich Struck discovered in 1914 that aryl halide reacts with alcohol water solution of potassium cyanide and catalytic amounts of cuprous cyanide at 200 °C. The reaction yields the carboxylic acid,  not the nitrile, but Rosenmund speculated that the intermediate should be the nitrile, since nitriles on aromatic rings can react to form carboxylic acids. Independently Alfred Pongratz and Julius von Braun improved the reaction by changing the reaction conditions to higher temperatures and used no solvent for the reaction. Further improvement of the reaction was done in the following years, for example the use of ionic liquids as solvent for the reaction.

Other example
Samastipur–Khagaria Loop Line
Samastipur–Khagaria Loop Line is a single 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge track from Samastipur Junction to Khagaria Junction of Bihar state. The line connects Samastipur Junction of Barauni–Gorakhpur line to Khagaria Junction railway Station  that provides access to Barauni–Guwahati line. The whole line falls under Samastipur Division of East Central Railway.

Samastipur railway division
Samastipur railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The division was established in 1969 and is headquartered at Samastipur, Bihar. The current Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) is Shri Jyoti Prakash Mishra.

Other divisions under the East Central Railway Zone include Danapur railway division, Mughalsarai railway division, Dhanbad railway division, and Sonpur railway division, all headquartered at Hajipur.
Snoopy Presents: Welcome Home, Franklin
Snoopy Presents: Welcome Home, Franklin or simply  Welcome Home, Franklin is the 51st Peanuts animated special. It was the sixth Peanuts special released exclusively on Apple TV+ on February 16, 2024. It is the first special to center on the African-American character of Franklin Armstrong. The character, introduced in the comic strip on July 31, 1968, was the first Black character in the strip. The special was released during Black History Month of 2024.

The plot revolves around Franklin, the son of a military family, moving to a new town and struggling to make friends before ultimately partnering and bonding with Charlie Brown over racing in a Soap Box Derby.

A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving
A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving is a 1973 American television special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. The tenth prime-time animated television special in the Peanuts, it originally aired on the CBS network on November 20, 1973, and won an Emmy Award the following year. It was the third holiday special after A Charlie Brown Christmas in 1965 and It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown in 1966. Except for the opening football gag, it is the first Peanuts TV special to have a completely original script without relying on the strip.
Survivor: The Caribbean Islands (Israeli season)
Survivor: The Caribbean Islands (Hebrew: הישרדות האיים הקריביים, romanized: Hisardut HaAiim HaKaribiim) is the first season of the Israeli edition of Survivor. Based on the popular reality game show Survivor, the series was shot between June and July, 2007, in Los Haitises National Park, Dominican Republic. It was produced by Reyif HeMeiri production company, with an approximated budget of $5,000,000. It is broadcast on the Channel 10.

The Sole Survivor was Naama Kasry, who defeated Noam Tor and Dan Mano in the final Tribal Council by a 5-4-0 vote. Naama received the grand prize of 1,000,000 ₪ prize: 645,000 ₪ in cash and an off-road car. Tor was named the audience's favorite player after winning a public vote.

Survivor (Israeli TV series)
Survivor (Hebrew: הישרדות, Hisardut), formerly known as Survivor 10, is an Israeli reality competition game show based on the popular international Survivor television franchise. The series began in December 2007 and aired on Israeli's Channel 10 for 6 seasons. After legal issues between Channel 10 and Castaway Television, the series went on a three-year hiatus before returning in 2015 on Reshet. The show is hosted by actor and singer Guy Zu-Aretz.

Following the basic premise of other international versions of the franchise, it features a group of contestants who are marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants, until only one remains and is given the title of "The Last Survivor" and is awarded the grand prize of 1 million NIS.
William Thwaites (engineer)
William Thwaites (1853–1907) was a civil engineer working in Melbourne, Australia, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was responsible for the design of Melbourne's sewerage system and supervised its construction.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
Variety Studio: Actors on Actors
Variety Studio: Actors on Actors, also referred to as Actors on Actors, is an American entertainment talk show television series co-produced by PBS SoCal and Variety Media. It premiered on PBS SoCal on December 21, 2014.

Escape at Dannemora
Escape at Dannemora is an American crime drama television limited series that premiered on Showtime on November 18, 2018. It is based on the 2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape. The seven-episode series was created and written by Brett Johnson and Michael Tolkin and directed by Ben Stiller. It stars Benicio del Toro, Patricia Arquette, Paul Dano, Bonnie Hunt, Eric Lange, and David Morse.
Kalvøya, Bærum
Kalvøya (English: Calf Island) is situated in the inner Oslofjord. The island is close to Sandvika in Bærum and to the south of it. The island has been connected to the mainland by a suspension bridge to Kadettangen since 1962 or 1963.

Kalvøya is one of the most popular bathing spots in Bærum. On the far east side of the island there is a nude beach.

Kalvøya plays host to an annual soccer tournament for kids and a children's festival. The festival Øyafestivalen, first held in 1999, also has its roots there, before its growing popularity brought about its move to Tøyen Park in Oslo in 2014.

An annual music festival, the Kalvøyafestivalen, was held between 1971 and 1998 on the island where several international performers played live over the years, including Billy Idol, Iggy Pop, Leonard Cohen, Morten Abel, and The September When.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Jatun Pinguilluni
Jatun Pinguilluni (possibly from Quechua hatun big, pinkillu a kind of flute, Aymara -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a big pinkillu") is a mountain in the Carabaya mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, on the border of the districts Ajoyani and Coasa. Jatun Pinguilluni lies southeast of a lake named  Pampacocha.

Cordillera Carabaya
The Cordillera Carabaya (Spanish for "Carabaya mountain range") lies in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 14°00' and 14°22'S and 69°38' and 70°19'W for about 75 km. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, between the Vilcanota mountain range in the north-west and the Apolobamba mountain range in the south-east, north and north-east of Macusani.
Beerenburg
Beerenburg (West Frisian: Bearenburch) is a Dutch drink, made by adding herbs to jenever, with about 30% alcohol.

The original Beerenburg was made in the early 18th century by the Amsterdam spice merchant Hendrik Beerenburg, to whom it owes its name. Beerenburg opened his own shop at the Stromarkt 6 in Amsterdam in 1724, a location which to date shows on its roof a bear ('beer') crawling out of a fortress ('burcht'). Beerenburg kept his recipe secret but soon local varieties emerged, each with its own recipe. These were, however, not allowed to use the name "Beerenburg", which is why there are variations on the spelling, such as Berenburg and Berenburger.

Despite the Amsterdam (North Holland) origin of Beerenburg, the drink became most popular in the northern provinces Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe. It is related to the Italian amaro, another type of digestive bitters.

In the European Union, Beerenburg is classified as a spirit drink.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.
DC K.O.
DC K.O. is an American comic book crossover event published by DC Comics as part of the DC All In initiative. The event is mainly written by Scott Snyder as well as Joshua Williamson, with art mainly by Javier Fernandez. The story consists of the Justice League trying to defeat Darkseid who wants to transform Earth after creating the Absolute Universe.

DC All In
DC All In is an American comic book initiative spearheaded by writer Scott Snyder and writer Joshua Williamson and debuted in October 2024 by DC Comics. It is the successor of Dawn of DC, following the end of the "Absolute Power" storyline.