hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kleene fixed-point theorem
In the mathematical areas of order and lattice theory, the Kleene fixed-point theorem, named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, states the following:

Kleene Fixed-Point Theorem. Suppose  is a directed-complete partial order (dcpo) with a least element, and let  be a Scott-continuous (and therefore monotone) function. Then  has a least fixed point, which is the supremum of the ascending Kleene chain of

The ascending Kleene chain of f is the chain

obtained by iterating f on the least element ⊥ of L. Expressed in a formula, the theorem states that

where  denotes the least fixed point.

Although Tarski's fixed point theorem 
does not consider how fixed points can be computed by iterating f from some seed  (also, it pertains to monotone functions on complete lattices), this result is often attributed to Alfred Tarski who proves it for additive functions. Moreover, the Kleene fixed-point theorem can be extended to monotone functions using transfinite iterations.

Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that".
Hossein Rezazadeh
Hossein Rezazadeh (Persian: حسین رضازاده; born 12 May 1978) is an Iranian politician and retired weightlifter. Rezazadeh is a two-time Olympic champion, four-time World Weightlifting champion, and five-time Asian champion. Rezazadeh has won the Iran Sportsperson of the Year award four times, more than any other athlete in the country's history. Rezazadeh is widely considered one of the greatest weightlifters of all time.

International Weightlifting Federation
The International Weightlifting Federation, aka IWF, is the international governing body for the sport of Weightlifting. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, it has 193 affiliated national federations. Mohammed Hasan Jalood has been its president since June 2022.

The IWF organizes the World Weightlifting Championships, as well as world championship events for Youth and Juniors. It also cooperates with the International Olympic Committee in the organization of Weightlifting events at the Olympic Games; however, weightlifting's inclusion in the 2028 Olympics is uncertain, due to doping issues within the sport, and governance issues within IWF, and weightlifting's inclusion is expected to be decided by an IOC meeting in 2023. Weightlifting was scheduled as a sport in the 2024 Olympics but with reduced numbers of athletes and events.

IWF traces its history to the formation of the "Amateur-Athleten-Weltunion" (Amateur Athletes World Union) in 1905.
Flash-gas (refrigeration)
In refrigeration, flash-gas is refrigerant in gas form produced spontaneously when the condensed liquid is subjected to boiling. The presence of flash-gas in the liquid lines reduces the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. It can also lead several expansion systems to work improperly, and increase superheating at the evaporator. This is normally perceived as an unwanted condition caused by dissociation between the volume of the system, and the pressures and temperatures that allow the refrigerant to be liquid. Flash-gas must not be confused with lack of condensation, but special gear such as receivers, internal heat exchangers, insulation, and refrigeration cycle optimizers may improve condensation and avoid gas in the liquid lines.

Compressor
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

Many compressors can be staged, that is, the gas is compressed several times in steps or stages, to increase discharge pressure. Often, the second stage is physically smaller than the primary stage, to accommodate the already compressed gas without reducing its pressure. Each stage further compresses the gas and increases its pressure and also temperature (if inter cooling between stages is not used).
Hans Urs von Balthasar
Hans Urs von Balthasar (Swiss Standard German: [ˈhans ˈʊrs fɔn ˈbaltazaːr]; 12 August 1905 – 26 June 1988) was a Swiss theologian and Catholic priest who is considered one of the most important Catholic theologians of the 20th century. With Joseph Ratzinger and Henri de Lubac, he founded the theological journal Communio. Over the course of his life, he authored 85 books, over 500 articles and essays, and almost 100 translations. He is known for his 15-volume trilogy on beauty (The Glory of the Lord), goodness (Theo-Drama), and truth (Theo-Logic).

Pope John Paul II announced his choice of Balthasar to become a cardinal, but he died shortly before the consistory. Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) said in his funeral oration for Balthasar that "he is right in what he teaches of the faith" and that he "points the way to the sources of living water."

Soteriology
Soteriology (/soʊˌtɪriˈɒlədʒi/; Ancient Greek: σωτηρία sōtēría "salvation" from σωτήρ sōtḗr "savior, preserver" and λόγος lógos "study" or "word") is the study of religious doctrines of salvation. Salvation theory occupies a place of special significance in many religions. In the academic field of religious studies, soteriology is understood by scholars as representing a key theme in a number of different religions and is often studied in a comparative context; that is, comparing various ideas about what salvation is and how it is obtained.
1988 Epping Forest by-election
A by-election was held in the British House of Commons constituency of Epping Forest on 15 December 1988, following the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Biggs-Davison. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party.

Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency)
Epping Forest is a constituency in Essex, created for the February 1974 general election from parts of the abolished Epping and Chigwell constituencies. It has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Neil Hudson of the Conservative Party.
2023–24 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team
The 2023–24 George Mason Patriots Men's basketball team represented George Mason University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The season was the 58th for the program, the first under newly hired head coach Tony Skinn, and the eleventh as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10). The Patriots played their home games at EagleBank Arena in Fairfax, Virginia.

Tony Skinn
Tony Oludewa Skinn (born February 8, 1983) is a Nigerian–American basketball coach and former player. He played guard for the George Mason Patriots from 2003 to 2006, later playing professionally for six years. Skinn is currently the head men's basketball coach at his alma mater, George Mason University. Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Skinn migrated with his family to the United States at the age of two.
Bethel Church, Mansfield Woodhouse
Bethel Church, also called Bethel Interdenominational Church, is a Christian religious organisation based in Mansfield Woodhouse, England, founded by John Hibbert and Jean Spademan. It has a sister church, King's Chapel, in Norwich, Connecticut. Within the movement, Spademan was known by the name "Syro" – "an obscure Biblical reference to a Syro-Phoenician woman who appeals to Jesus to save her daughter from a demon".

Mansfield Woodhouse
Mansfield Woodhouse is a town in the Mansfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Mansfield, along the main A60 road in a wide, low valley between the Rivers Maun and Meden. Founded before the Roman Empire, it is noteworthy for its stone-built centre.

Originally separate with its own urban district council, after continuous development it has become a part of the Mansfield Urban Area. After the Local Government Act 1972, Mansfield Woodhouse and Warsop Urban District Councils merged with the Municipal Borough of Mansfield on 1 April 1974, to form a new local government area known as Mansfield. Mansfield Woodhouse's economy was traditionally based on the quarrying, mining, farming and textile industries.
Deildardalur
Deildardalur is a valley in on the eastern side of Skagafjörður, Iceland, leading up from Höfðaströnd to the southeast behind mountains of Óslandshlíð. A little farther into the area, it divides in two: Seljadalur (also called Austurdalur), and Vesturdalur. Sharply wedged between them is Tungufjall mountain. The river Deildará, called Grafará further down, runs through the valley. Deildardalsjökull glacier is on the valley floor.

There are a few farms in the valley. A new corral was put in use in Deilardalur as of September 2007, and the valley has quite a lot of pasture land for summer grazing in Óslandshlíð and up to Höfðaströnd.

Grafará
Grafará river is a spring creek in Höfðaströnd named after the farm Gröf in Skagafjörður, Iceland.

The river runs along the bottom of Deildardalur valley, where it is called Deildará (Deild river), then continues between Óslandshlíð and Höfðaströnd near Gröf and to the sea in Grafarós, directly south of Hofsós. There is some fishing in the river, especially for arctic char, but both brown trout and salmon have been found there.
Bimbo Daramola
Abimbola Oluwafemi DaramolaListenⓘ (born 9 November 1967) is a Nigerian scientist and legislator in the House of Representatives of Nigeria, representing Ekiti North Federal Constituency, Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria since 2011.

National Youth Service Corps
The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) is a mandatory, post-tertiary scheme set up by the Nigerian government during the military regime of Head of State, Yakubu Gowon, to "reconstruct, reconcile and rebuild the country after the Nigerian Civil war". There is no military conscription in Nigeria, but since 1973, graduates of universities and polytechnics have been required to take part in the National Youth Service Corps program for one year. This is known as the "National service year". Ahmadu Ali served as the first Director-General of the NYSC until 1975. The incumbent Director-General is Brigadier General Olakunle Oluseye Nafiu.

Major General Suleiman Kazaure was appointed director general of the NYSC on 18 April 2016 and served as the 17th DG of the scheme until his redeployment to the Nigerian Army Resource Centre on 26 April 2019.
Matteo Zennaro
Matteo Zennaro (born 30 April 1976) is an Italian fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team foil event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

]During and after the rehabilitation, the sports periodization of the strength training is done under the guide of the strength coach,  Master Paolo Tassetto.

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists
The American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) is a professional organization that provides certification of animal scientists through examination. It also develops and promotes a code of ethics, offers continuing education, and disseminates scientific information through publication of the peer-reviewed journal Applied Animal Science

ARPAS members are generally animal scientists educated at land-grant universities throughout the United States.  Professional animal scientists serve as consultants, researchers, educators, extension agents and regulators in jobs relating to the animal industry.

ARPAS is affiliated with five professional societies: the American Dairy Science Association (ADSA), the American Meat Science Association (AMA), the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), the Equine Science Society (ESS) and the Poultry Science Association (PSA).

Founded in 1973, ARPAS is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois, with Fass who provide services for ARPAS.

American Society of Animal Science
The American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) is a non-profit professional organization for the advancement of livestock, companion animals, exotic animals and meat science. Founded in 1908, ASAS is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois.

ASAS members are involved in university research, education, and extension as well as in the feed, pharmaceutical, and other animal-related industries. Disciplines include nutrition, reproductive physiology, genetics, and behavior of food-producing animals and processing of meat-based products, including beef, pork, and veal.

Official ASAS Mission: "The American Society of Animal Science is a membership society that supports the careers of scientists and animal producers in the United States and internationally. The American Society of Animal Science fosters the discovery, sharing and application of scientific knowledge concerning the responsible use of animals to enhance human life and well-being."
Equestrian at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Individual eventing
The individual eventing event, part of the equestrian program at the 1996 Summer Olympics, was held from 23 to 26 July 1996 in the Georgia International Horse Park, in Conyers, Georgia.  Like all other equestrian events, the eventing competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division.

For the 1996 and 2000 Olympic competitions, the individual and team contests were separate events. A rider could compete in both competitions as long as it was on  different horses. An example of this is the 2000 individual winner David O'Connor who won his gold medal riding Custom Made, while he earned his team bronze medal with the U.S riding Giltedge.

Equestrian events at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The Equestrian events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, United States, 30 miles or 50 km east of Atlanta. For the first time in Olympic history, the three-day event individual and team events were held as two separate competitions. A rider could compete in both events. This format would continue on to the 2000 Olympics.
Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.

Power set
In mathematics, the power set (or powerset) of a set S is the set of all subsets of S, including the empty set and S itself. In axiomatic set theory (as developed, for example, in the ZFC axioms), the existence of the power set of any set is postulated by the axiom of power set. 
The powerset of S is variously denoted as P(S), 𝒫(S), P(S), , or 2S.
Any subset of P(S) is called a family of sets over S.
2022 Aotearoa Music Awards
The 2022 Aotearoa Music Awards was the 56th holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there was no traditional celebration or televised awards ceremony. The winners were publicly announced on 10 November, 2022.

The finalists were announced on 6 October 2022. Rob Ruha received the most nominations with six, followed by Ka Hao with five and L.A.B. with four. The latter were the night's biggest winners and repeated their 2021 success by winning Album of the Year, Single of the Year, Best Group, and Best Roots Artist for a second year in a row. Other notable winners included Tami Neilson, with three award wins, and Benee, who won Best Pop Artist for a fourth successive year.

Aotearoa Music Award for Best Group
Best Group (Māori: Te Tino Kāhui Manu Taki o te Tau) is an Aotearoa Music Award that honours New Zealand groups that have released an outstanding album in the previous year. For the purposes of the award, a group consists of two or more people. The award winner is determined by the Voting Academy, along with a 30% sales performance weighting.

The award was first presented annually since 1970 as the Group Award as part of the Loxene Golden Disc awards, then as Recording Artist/Group of the Year as part of the Recording Arts Talent Awards. From 1978, the award has been presented as part of the New Zealand Music Awards, first named Top Group, then Best Group. Shihad has won the award twice and been nominated eight other times, The Chills have also won twice and been nominated one other time, while DD Smash and The Naked and Famous have each won twice.
Transitional Government of Tigray
The Transitional Government of Tigray was a caretaker administration that was formally declared by the House of Federation of Ethiopia on 7 November 2020, in the context of a conflict between the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), in power in the Tigray Regional State and the federal government of Ethiopia. In late November 2020, the administration, headed by Mulu Nega, planned public consultation and participation in choosing new leaders at the regional and zonal level and preservation of woreda and kebele administrations. The Transitional Government fled Tigray in late June 2021 during Operation Alula.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Juuti
Juuti is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jaakko Juuti (born 1987), Finnish footballer

Sakari Juuti (born 1931), Finnish diplomat and lawyer

Olivia Yli-Juuti (born 2001), Finnish gymnast

Finnish name
In Finland, a person must have a surname and at least one given name with up to four given names permitted. Surnames are inherited either patrilineally or matrilineally, while given names are usually chosen by a person's parents. Finnish names come from a variety of dissimilar traditions that were consolidated only in the early 20th century. The first national act on names came into force in 1921, and it made surnames mandatory. Between 1930 and 1985, the Western Finnish tradition whereby a married woman took her husband's surname was mandatory. Previously in Eastern Finland, this was not necessarily the case. On 1 January 2019, the reformed Act on Forenames and Surnames came into force.

Finnish given names are often of Christian origin (e.g., Jukka from Greek Johannes), but Finnish and Swedish origins are also common.
Douglas MacDonald
Douglas MacDonald (1900–1996) was a farmer, miner and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton Centre in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1939 to 1945 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member.

He was born in Georgetown, Prince Edward Island, the son of Archibald MacDonald and Annie MacKinnon. MacDonald married Lillian McLellan. He served in the artillery during World War I. He was president of the local chapter of the United Mine Workers of America. MacDonald won the first seat for the CCF in the Nova Scotia legislature in 1939; he was elected in a by-election held after Michael Dwyer resigned his seat.

Michael Dwyer (Canadian politician)
Michael Dwyer (February 4, 1877 – December 28, 1953) was a mining executive and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton Centre in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1933 to 1939 as a Liberal member.

Dwyer was born in Ireland in 1877, the son of Richard Dwyer and Bridget Doyle, and came to Canada in 1884. He was educated in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. In 1907, he married Beatrice S. Campbell. Dwyer was mayor of Sydney Mines from 1926 to 1930. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1926 and 1930. Dwyer served as Minister of Mines and Public Works and Minister of Labour in the province's Executive Council from 1933 to 1938. He resigned his seat to become president and general manager of the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company. Dwyer served as Maritime Regional Superintendent for the National Selective Service (NSS) from 1942 to 1945. He was mayor of New Glasgow from 1949 to 1950. Dwyer died in New Glasgow, at the age of 76.
Dawesley
Dawesley is a locality in South Australia.  It is in the Adelaide Hills 40 km southeast of Adelaide. It is on Dawesley Creek, a tributary of the Bremer River, and the old Princes Highway between Nairne and Kanmantoo. It is in the Hundred of Kanmantoo.

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Dawesley had 259 people living within its boundaries.

Nairne, South Australia
Nairne is a small township in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia. Nairne is about 7 kilometres (4 mi) from Mount Barker, South Australia, in the federal Division of Mayo and in the state electoral district of Kavel. At the 2021 census, Nairne had a population of 5,082.
Charles B. Roberts
Charles Boyle Roberts (April 19, 1842 – September 10, 1899) was a U.S. Congressman from Maryland, serving the second district from 1875 to 1879.

Roberts was born in Uniontown, Maryland, and graduated from Calvert College of New Windsor, Maryland, in 1861.  He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1864, commencing practice in Westminster, Maryland.  He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879), and was chairman of the Committee on Accounts (Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses).  He was elected Attorney General of Maryland in 1883, serving one term.  He was elected associate judge of the fifth judicial district in 1891.  He was soon thereafter appointed chief judge of the district to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Miller, and, in 1893, was elected for the full term of 15 years.  Roberts died in Westminster in 1899, and is interred in the Catholic Cemetery.

Maryland Attorney General
The Attorney General of the State of Maryland is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Maryland, serving as the state's primary prosecutor and legal representative.

The current attorney general is Anthony Brown, who was elected in 2022 and has served since 2023.