hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viișoara, Bihor
Viișoara (Hungarian: Érszőllős) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 1,336 people. It is composed of four villages: Izvoarele (Szolnokháza), Pădureni (Erdőtelep), Reghea (Csekenye), and Viișoara.

The commune is located in the northern part of the county, 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the county seat, Oradea, on the border with Satu Mare County.

Oradea
Oradea (UK: /ɒˈrɑːdiə/, US: /ɔːˈr-, -djɑː/, Romanian: [oˈrade̯a]; Hungarian: Nagyvárad [ˈnɒɟvaːrɒd]; German: Großwardein [ˌɡʁoːsvaʁˈdaɪn]) is the capital of the Crișana region in Romania. It serves as the administrative centre of Bihor County. The city is situated on both banks of the Crișul Repede River.

As of 2021, Oradea is Romania's ninth most populous city. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Hungarian border. The municipality covers 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres) and lies between the Apuseni Mountains and the Crișana-Banat plain.

The Oradea Fortress is a historic fortification located within the city, whose origins date back to the 11th century when it served as an episcopal residence and religious centre. Throughout the Middle Ages, the fortress played a strategic role in the border region between Central and Eastern Europe.

The city features Art Nouveau architecture, and is a member of both the Réseau Art Nouveau Network and the Art Nouveau European Route.
Qadiyani Problem
Qadiyani Problem (Urdu: قادیانی مسئلہ, romanized: Qadiyānī Masaʾla) is a 1953 book written by Pakistani scholar Abul A'la Mawdudi. "Qadiyani" is a slur used to attack members of the Ahmadiyya movement.

Vali Nasr
Vali Reza Nasr (Persian: ولی‌ رضا نصر, born 20 December 1960) is an Iranian-American academic and political scientist, specializing in Middle Eastern studies and the history of Islam. He is Majid Khaddouri Professor of International Affairs and Middle East Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington, D.C. He served as the eighth dean of the school from 2012 to 2019. Nasr is also a non-resident senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and has been described by The Economist as "a leading world authority on Shia Islam".
KKFN
KKFN (104.3 FM, "Denver Sports 104.3 The Fan") is a commercial radio station serving the Denver-Boulder market. Owned and operated by Salt Lake City–based Bonneville International, KKFN airs a sports radio format.  The station is licensed in Longmont, Colorado.  Its studios are located in Greenwood Village, and the transmitter is in Lakewood on Green Mountain.  KKFN runs local sports shows days and evenings, and carries ESPN Radio programming late nights and weekends.

Lincoln National Corporation
Lincoln National Corporation is a Fortune 200 American holding company, which operates multiple insurance and investment management businesses through subsidiary companies. Lincoln Financial Group is the marketing name for LNC and its subsidiary companies.

LNC was organized under the laws of the state of Indiana in 1968, and maintains its principal executive offices in Radnor, Pennsylvania.  The company traces its roots to its earliest predecessor founded in 1905.

In addition, LNC is the naming rights sponsor of Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, home field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League.
Rancho San Marcos
Rancho San Marcos was a 35,573-acre (143.96 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Nicolas A. Den and Richard S. Den.  The grant in the Santa Ynez Valley extended between the San Rafael Mountains and the Santa Ynez River.

Santa Ynez River
The Santa Ynez River is one of the largest rivers on the Central Coast of California. It is 92 miles (148 km) long, flowing from east to west through the Santa Ynez Valley, reaching the Pacific Ocean at Surf, near Vandenberg Space Force Base and the city of Lompoc.

The river drains the north slope of the Santa Ynez Mountains, the south slope of the San Rafael Mountains, as well as much of the southern half of Santa Barbara County. Its drainage basin is 896 square miles (2,320 km2) in area. The river's flow is highly variable. It usually dries up almost completely in the summer, but can become a raging torrent in the winter. The river has three dams which can impound a total of 210,000 acre-feet (260,000,000 m3) of water in wet years.
Dąbrówki Kobylańskie
Dąbrówki Kobylańskie (Polish pronunciation: [dɔmˈbrufkʲi kɔbɨˈlaj̃skʲɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rusiec, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Rusiec, 38 km (24 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Rusiec, Łódź Voivodeship
Rusiec [ˈruɕɛt͡s] is a village in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rusiec. It lies approximately 28 km (17 mi) west of Bełchatów and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
Dashtigulo
Dashtigulo (Russian: Даштигуло; Tajik: Даштигуло, Persian: دشت گل) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Hamadoni District in Khatlon Region. The jamoat has a total population of 19,331 (2015).

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
Top-ups
In business, a top-up is a variation of a company's stock repurchase program for common shareholders. Although this buyback reduces voting interest of its shareholder, the shareholder may subsequently increase its holdings, called a top-up. For example, if company A holds 20% of voting power, and company B reduces this power to 10%, company A may increase its voting power to 15% within 6 months.

In the event of a hostile takeover attempt, a target company can use a top-up to increase time for enhancing takeover defenses.

Voting interest
Voting interest (or voting power) is the legal capacity of a shareholder to influence corporate governance through the exercise of voting rights. While generally based on the proportionality of capital, the specific exercise and calculation of this power are governed by national statutes.
Hover (behaviour)
Hovering is the ability exhibited by some winged animals to remain relatively stationary in midair. Usually this involves rapid downward thrusts of the wings to generate upward lift. Sometimes hovering is maintained by flapping or soaring into a headwind; this form of hovering is called "wind hovering", "windhovering", or "kiting".

Ovipositor
The ovipositor is  a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages.  The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typically its form is adapted to functions such as preparing a place for the egg, transmitting the egg, and then placing it properly.  For most insects, the organ is used merely to attach the egg to some surface, but for many parasitic species (primarily in wasps and other Hymenoptera), it is a piercing organ as well.

Some ovipositors only retract partly when not in use, and the basal part that sticks out is known as the scape, or more specifically oviscape, the word scape deriving from the Latin word scāpus, meaning "stalk" or "shaft".
1904–05 Western Football League
The 1904–05 season was the 13th in the history of the Western Football League.

Plymouth Argyle were the champions of Division One for the first time, and along with all the other members of Division One, also competed in the Southern League during this season. The Division Two champions were Bristol Rovers Reserves, who completed the season unbeaten in the league.

1904–05 Southern Football League
The 1904–05 season was the 11th in the history of Southern League. Bristol Rovers won Division One for the first time and Fulham reserves finished top of Division Two. Division Two club Clapton Orient were the only Southern League club to apply for election to the Football League, and were successful after a decision was made to expand the League to 40 clubs.
2014 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 2014 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 124th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 12 April 2014 and ended on 2 November 2014.

Loughmore-Castleiney were the defending champions. Thurles Sarsfields won the title following a 2–22 to 3–11 defeat of Loughmore-Castleiney in the final.

2013 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 2013 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 123rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment in 1887. The championship began on 15 June 2013 and ended on 13 October 2013.

Thurles Sarsfields were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in their opening game. Loughmore-Castleiney won the title, following a 1–17 to 1–16 defeat of Nenagh Éire Óg in the final.
1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress
The 1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress (officially: First Spanish Workers' Congress) was a congress that brought together, from 18 to 26 June 1870, 89 delegates from workers' societies in Barcelona and in which the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (FRE-AIT) was founded. It is considered the founding act of anarchism in Spain.

Federal Democratic Republican Party
The Federal Democratic Republican Party (Spanish: Partido Republicano Democrático Federal, PRDF) was a Spanish political party founded in 1868 during the Glorious Revolution that was active until 1912. Its ideology was federal republicanism and progressivism.
Godhra Junction railway station
Godhra Junction railway station (code GDA) is a railway station in Panchmahal district, Gujarat, India. It serves Godhra city and the surrounding areas like Lunawada and Devgarh-Baria. The station has three platforms. It is under the Vadodara railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways, located on the New Delhi–Mumbai main line.

Vadodara railway division
Vadodara railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 April 1952 and its headquarter is located at Vadodara in the state of Gujarat of India.

Mumbai WR railway division, Ahmedabad railway division, Bhavnagar railway division, Rajkot railway division   and Ratlam railway division are the other five railway divisions under WR Zone headquartered at  Churchgate, Mumbai.
Blackwell, Worcestershire
Blackwell is a village located in the North-East of Worcestershire and comes under the jurisdiction of Lickey and Blackwell Parish Council. Nearby large towns include Barnt Green and Bromsgrove. Worcester and Birmingham are also influential. The village had a station on the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, at the summit of the Lickey Incline, however this closed in 1965.

Lickey
Lickey is a "linear development" in the north of Worcestershire, England approximately 10 miles (16 km) south west from the centre of Birmingham. It lies in Bromsgrove District and is situated on the Lickey Ridge, amongst the Lickey Hills, its proximity to countryside and the city makes it a popular commuter area. The civil parish of Lickey and Blackwell has a population of 4,140.

The name of Lickey dating back to 1225 is thought to have derived from 'leac' (a clearing) and 'hey' (an enclosed space), including perhaps referring to a clearing in the forest. Various names have included La Lecheye, La Lekeheye, Lechay, Lekhaye. The area forms part of the Lickey Hills Country Park which covers 524 acres.
Terry Hurlock
Terence Alan Hurlock (born 22 September 1958) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. Over the course of a 15-year career in the Football League, he had notable spells with Brentford and Millwall. He won England B international caps while with Millwall and is a member of the club's Hall of Fame. A physical player, Hurlock received seven red cards during his career and in 2007 was rated by The Times as the 23rd hardest player in football.

1992 Full Members' Cup final
The 1992 Full Members' Cup final, also known by its sponsored name, the Zenith Data Systems Cup, was a football match which took place at Wembley Stadium on 29 March 1992. It was contested between Nottingham Forest and Southampton. The match was shown live on Sky Sports.
Red Bridge (Meriden, Connecticut)
The Red Bridge is a historic bridge spanning the Quinnipiac River near Oregon Road in Meriden, Connecticut.  It was built in 1891 by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, and is one of a small number of surviving lenticular truss bridges in the state, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.  The bridge is open to pedestrian traffic only.

Quinnipiac River
The Quinnipiac River (/ˈkwɪnəˌpi.æk/ KWIH-nə-pee-ak) is a 45.5-mile (73.2 km) long river in the New England region of the United States, located entirely in the state of Connecticut.

The river rises in West Central Connecticut from Dead Wood Swamp near the city of New Britain. It flows roughly southward to Plainville, Southington, and Cheshire, west of the city of Meriden, through Wallingford and Yalesville, North Haven, and flows into New Haven Harbor, an inlet of Long Island Sound, east of downtown New Haven.
2014 Philadelphia City Council special election
The 2014 Philadelphia City Council special election took place on May 20, 2014, alongside the primary election. The composition of the Philadelphia City Council remained unchanged from before the election, with Democrats maintaining their 14–3 majority on the council.

2014 Pennsylvania elections
Elections were held in Pennsylvania on November 4, 2014. Primary elections were held on May 20, 2014.

All 203 seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 25 seats of the Pennsylvania Senate, as well as the Governor and Lieutenant Governor were up for election.
James Thompson (fighter)
James Thompson (born 16 December 1978) is an English former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the heavyweight division. A seasoned professional competitor since 2003, Thompson has also formerly competed for PRIDE FC, Bellator MMA, Cage Rage, EliteXC, Sengoku, DREAM, KSW, Rizin, and the SFL. He last fought for Bellator in 2017.

Heavyweight (MMA)
The heavyweight division in mixed martial arts (MMA) generally includes fighters between 206–265 lb (93.4–120.2 kg).

Although many ambiguities exist within the lowerweight classes regarding division naming and weight limits, the heavyweight division is, for the most part, uniform.  The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and most other North American MMA organizations such as Bellator MMA, WSOF, and King of the Cage (KOTC) abide by this interpretation to their 206–265 lb athletes as heavyweights. ONE Championship's heavyweight division is at 226–265 lb. Pancrase's overweight division was 198.4–220.5 lb (90.0–100.0 kg) before being revised to its current 205–264.5 lb (93.0–120.0 kg).

The heavyweight upper weight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 265 lb (120 kg).
Cheiramiona silvicola
Cheiramiona silvicola is a species of spider in the family Cheiracanthiidae. It is a South African endemic originally described from Nkandla Forest in KwaZulu-Natal.

The specific name "silvicola" means "forest dwelling" in Latin'

Cheiracanthiidae
Cheiracanthiidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Vladimir Wagner in 1887. The synonym Eutichuridae was used for a long time, but Cheiracanthiidae has priority.

The largest genus currently recognized as belonging to this family is Cheiracanthium, which has previously been placed in both the Clubionidae and the Miturgidae.
Wave dash
Wave dash (U+301C 〜 WAVE DASH) is a character represented in Japanese character encoding mainly used as a dash and chōonpu. The wave dash is similar to, but not the same as, the tilde character (U+FF5E ～ FULLWIDTH TILDE), which is often used interchangeably with it.

The vertical wave dash () is not currently included in Unicode, but there is a similar symbol available called the wavy line (U+2307 ⌇ WAVY LINE). It is created by rotating right (clockwise) the wavy dash symbol (U+3030 〰 WAVY DASH) to form a vertical wave-like pattern.

Wave dash is also written in vertical text layout. Vertical wave dash is the vertical form by rotation and flip in Unicode and JIS C 6226.

Japanese language and computers
In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise, some unique to Japanese and others common to languages which have a very large number of characters. The number of characters needed in order to write in English is quite small, and thus it is possible to use only one byte (28=256 possible values) to encode each English character. However, the number of characters in Japanese is many more than 256 and thus cannot be encoded using a single byte - Japanese is thus encoded using two or more bytes, in a so-called "double byte" or "multi-byte" encoding. Problems that arise relate to transliteration and  romanization, character encoding, and input of Japanese text.
Zarafshon (river)
The Zarafshon is a river in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Its name 'spreader of gold' in Persian refers to the presence of gold-bearing sands in the upper reaches of the river. It was known as the Polytimetus by the ancient Greeks. The river is known in Russian as Zeravshan, and it was also formerly known as the Sughd River.  The river is 877 kilometres (545 mi) long and has a basin area of 17,700 square kilometres (6,800 mi2).

Vasily Bartold
Vasily Vladimirovich Bartold (Russian: Васи́лий Влади́мирович Барто́льд; 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1869 – 19 August 1930), who published in the West under his German baptismal name, Wilhelm Barthold, was a Russian orientalist who specialized in the history of Islam and the Turkic peoples (Turkology).
Gould family
The Gould family is a wealthy American family that came to prominence in the late 19th century. The family's fortune was primarily earned through a railroad empire built by Jason "Jay" Gould, a notorious "robber baron" during the Gilded Age. At its height, this network comprised the Denver & Rio Grande, Missouri Pacific, Wheeling & Lake Erie, Wabash, Texas Pacific, Western Maryland and International-Great Northern railroads among others. By the early 20th century, the Goulds lost control over virtually all these railroads largely due to mismanagement by Jay's son, George Jay Gould. Despite losing the source of much of their wealth, subsequent generations of the family continued to be involved in business, philanthropy, and politics.

George Jay Gould
George Jay Gould I (February 6, 1864 – May 16, 1923) was a financier and the son of Jay Gould. He was himself a railroad executive, leading the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (DRGW), Western Pacific Railroad (WP), and the Manhattan Railway Company.
For Better or For Worse
For Better or For Worse is a Canadian comic strip by Lynn Johnston that originally ran from 1979 to 2008, chronicling the lives of the Patterson family and their friends, in the town of Milborough, a fictional suburb of Toronto, Ontario. For Better or For Worse is still rerun in over 2,000 newspapers throughout Canada, the U.S., Mexico, and around 20 other countries.

Nipissing First Nation
Nipissing First Nation (Ojibwe: Nipissing, Niipsing, Nbisiing), meaning 'place of little waters', is a long-standing community of Nishnaabeg peoples, who traditionally speak Anishinaabemwin, located along the shorelines of Lake Nipissing in northern Ontario. They are referred to by many names in European historical records, since the colonists often adopted names given to them by other nations.

The Nbisiing Anishinaabeg have roots in both the Ojibwe and Algonquin nations, making up part of the wider grouping of Anishinaabe peoples. Their heritage is a result of the fact that the Nipissing homeland sits at a geographical crossroads, existing between the traditional territories of the Ojibwe around the Great Lakes and the Algonquin country covering much of the Kitchi-sipi watershed.
SEKA Paper Museum
The SEKA Paper Museum, a.k.a. SEKA Mehmet Ali Kağıtçı Paper Museum (Turkish: SEKA Kağıt Müzesi or SEKA Mehmet Ali Kağıtçı Kağıt Müzesi), is a museum of industrial heritage in Kocaeli district (İzmit), northwestern Turkey. Situated in a former pulp and paper mill, it is dedicated to papermaking in Turkey. The museum was opened in 2016.

Paper machine
A paper machine (or  papermachine or paper-making machine) is an industrial machine which is used in the pulp and paper industry
to create paper in large quantities at high speed. Modern paper-making machines are based on the principles of the Fourdrinier Machine, which uses a moving woven mesh to create a continuous paper web by filtering out the fibres held in a paper stock and producing a continuously moving wet mat of fibre. This is dried in the machine to produce a strong paper web.

The basic process is an industrialised version of the historical process of hand paper-making, which could not satisfy the demands of developing modern society for large quantities of a printing and writing substrate. The first modern paper machine was invented by Louis-Nicolas Robert in  France in 1799, and an improved version patented in Britain by Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier in 1806.

The same process is used to produce paperboard on a paperboard machine.
Falls Auto Group Classic
The Falls Auto Group Classic was an annual golf tournament for professional women golfers on the Futures Tour, the LPGA Tour's developmental tour. The event was played from 2008 to 2010 in the London, Kentucky area.

The tournament was a 54-hole event, as are most Futures Tour events.

London, Kentucky
London is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Laurel County, Kentucky, United States.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 8,053. London is home to the annual World Chicken Festival that celebrates the life of Colonel Sanders and features the world's largest skillet.
First-generation college students in the United States
First-generation college students in the United States are typically defined as college students whose parents did not complete a bachelor’s degree. While this definition seems straightforward, it does not fully capture the livid experiences behind it. For many students, being first-generation is not just about parental education level, it often represents obtaining higher level education without inheriting knowledge about resources like financial aid, academic systems, networking, or campus culture.

Research consistently shows that earning a bachelor’s degree increases opportunities for socioeconomic mobility in the United States (Pew Research, 2014). However, first- generation students often face structural barriers that make the path to it more difficult. These barriers include limited financial resources, lack of institutional guidance, work and family responsibilities, and systemic inequalities tied to race and class (Engle & Tinto, 2008; Catalina et al., 2018).

Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs
Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs ("GEAR UP") is a federal grant program administered by the United States Department of Education. It was established in Chapter 2 of the 1998 amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965 which awarded financial assistance to students and colleges from the federal government. GEAR UP was authored by Congressman Chaka Fattah and signed into law by President Bill Clinton in October, 1998.