hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dual mode propulsion rocket
Dual mode propulsion systems combine the high efficiency of bipropellant rockets with the reliability and simplicity of monopropellant rockets.

Dual mode systems are either hydrazine/nitrogen tetroxide, or monomethylhydrazine/hydrogen peroxide (the former is much more common). Typically, this system works as follows: During the initial high-impulse orbit-raising maneuvers, the system operates in a bipropellant fashion, providing high thrust at higher specific impulse; when it arrives on orbit, it closes off either the fuel or oxidizer, and conducts the remainder of its mission in a simple, predictable monopropellant fashion.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
2009 World Twenty20 officials
The International Cricket Council announced the officials for the group stages of 2009 World Twenty20 on 28 May 2009. The officials for Super-8 stage, knockout stage and final were revealed later.

Appointments were also made for the men's and women's warm-up matches at Lord's, The Oval and Trent Bridge from June 1–3.

2009 World Twenty20
The 2009 ICC World Twenty20 was the second edition of the  Men's T20 World Cup, formerly known as the ICC World Twenty20 that took place in England in June 2009. As before, the tournament featured 12 male teams – nine of the ten Test-playing nations and three associate nations, which earned their places through a qualification tournament. ICC Full member Zimbabwe were expelled from the tournament due to political reasons. Matches were played at three English grounds – Lord's and The Oval in London, and Trent Bridge in Nottingham. The tournament was organised in parallel with the women's tournament, with the men's semi-finals and final being preceded by the semi-finals and final from the women's event. The final took place at Lord's on Sunday 21 June with Pakistan beating Sri Lanka by eight wickets and England beating New Zealand by six wickets in the women's final.
Sakineh-ye Do
Sakineh-ye Do (Persian: سكينه دو, also Romanized as Sakīneh-ye Do) is a village in Esmailiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 424, in 80 families.

Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District
Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسماعیلیه شمالی) is in Esmailiyeh District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khobeyneh-ye Sofla. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Safheh-ye Yek.
Bridge No. 1132
Bridge No. 1132 is an open-spandrel concrete arch bridge carrying the two-lane Connecticut Route 80 across the Hammonasset River, between Killingworth and Madison, Connecticut.  Built in 1934, it is one of a small number of open-spandrel concrete bridges in the state, and was noted for its aesthetics at the time of its construction.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.
Erich von Siebenthal
Erich von Siebenthal (born 30 December 1958) is a Swiss farmer and politician. He serves as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) since 2007 for the Swiss People's Party. He previously served on the Grand Council of Bern between 2002 and 2007. Von Siebenthal belongs to the United Methodist Church.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Sopot, Plovdiv Province
Sopot (Bulgarian: Сопот [ˈsɔpot]) is a Bulgarian town situated in the fertile sub-Balkan Karlovo Valley, which is the western part of the famous Rose Valley, immediately below the steep southern slopes of the Troyan Balkan Mountains. Sopot is part of Plovdiv Province and is the administrative centre of a municipality of the same name.

Bulgarian Revival
The Bulgarian Revival (Bulgarian: Българско възраждане, romanized: Balgarsko vazrazhdane, Turkish: Bulgar ulus canlanması), also called the Bulgarian National Revival, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, written in 1762 by Paisius, a Bulgarian monk of the Hilandar monastery at Mount Athos, leading to the National awakening of Bulgaria and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasting until the creation of autonomous status for Bulgaria with the formation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.
Doctor of Laws
A Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) is a doctoral degree in legal studies. The abbreviation LL.D. stands for Legum Doctor, with the double "L" in the abbreviation referring to the early practice in the University of Cambridge to teach both canon law and civil law (doctor of both laws). In some jurisdictions such as the United States, it is an honorary degree.

Other doctorates in law include Doctor of Juridical Science, Juris Doctor, and Doctor of Philosophy.

Professional degree
A professional degree, formerly known in the US as a first professional degree, is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, practice, or industry sector often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation. Professional degrees may be either graduate or undergraduate entry, depending on the profession concerned and the country, and may be classified as bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees. For a variety of reasons, professional degrees may bear the name of a different level of qualification from their classification in qualifications, e.g., some UK professional degrees are named bachelor's but are at master's level, while some Australian and Canadian professional degrees have the name "doctor" but are classified as master's or bachelor's degrees.
Golden Spike Ostrava
Golden Spike (Czech: Zlatá tretra) is an annual athletics event at the Městský Stadion in Ostrava-Vítkovice, Czech Republic as part of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings. It is a Gold-level meeting on the World Athletics Continental Tour — one of the top tiers just below the Diamond League. It was first organized in 1961.

The history of the meeting was interrupted in 1999, when the meeting was not held due to the apparent lack of interest of sponsors. From 2003 to 2009 the IAAF classified the Zlatá tretra meeting among IAAF Grand Prix meetings.

IAAF World Challenge
The IAAF World Challenge was an annual, global circuit of one-day track and field competitions organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). First held in 2010, it replaced the IAAF Grand Prix and IAAF Super Grand Prix series to form the second tier of international one-day meetings, after the IAAF Diamond League. Unlike the Diamond League, the IAAF World Challenge comprised stand-alone meetings, and no overall winners are crowned. The series was made defunct at the end of 2019 and was replaced by the World Athletics Continental Tour, which includes series winners for non-Diamond League events.
Pierrothito
Pierrothito (real name unrevealed; born October 2, 1967) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. Pierrothito is a part of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Mini-Estrella, or "Mini", division and is a former CMLL World Mini-Estrella Champion. He is also the first Mini to have held the Mexican National Lightweight Championship. Pierrothito is Spanish for "Little Pierroth", alluding to the fact that he wrestles as a mini version of Pierroth, Jr.; he is sometimes billed as "Mini Pierroth" or "Pequeño Pierroth". Pierrothito's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Pomor trade
The Pomor trade (Norwegian: Pomorhandel, russehandel; Russian: Поморская торговля) was carried out between the Pomors of Northwest Russia and the people along the coast of northern Norway, as far south as Bodø. The trade went on from 1740 until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.

The Pomor trade began as a barter trade between people in the area, mainly grain products from Russia and fish from northern Norway. With time it developed into a regular cash trade; in fact the ruble was used as currency in several places in northern Norway. The Pomor trade was of major importance both to the Russians and the Norwegians. It was carried out by Russian Pomors from the White Sea area and the Kola Peninsula who sailed to settlements and places of trade along the coast of northern Norway. The Pomors were skilled traders and sailors, and they also explored areas around the White Sea. In addition to their trade westward, they established a trade route eastward to northwestern Siberia.

Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск, pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg.

A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2021 Census, the city's population was 301,199.
2016 Perth SuperSprint
The 2016 Perth SuperSprint was a motor racing event for V8 Supercars, held on the weekend of 6 to 8 May 2016. The event was held at Barbagallo Raceway at Wanneroo, Western Australia, and consisted of one race of 120 kilometres and one race of 200 km in length. It was the fourth event of fourteen in the 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship and hosted Races 8 and 9 of the season. The event was the 39th running of the Perth SuperSprint.

Cam Waters took his first championship pole position in a rain-affected qualifying session for Race 8. The race was won by Craig Lowndes, who took advantage of younger tyres, courtesy of a two-pit stop strategy, to take the lead from his teammates Shane van Gisbergen and Jamie Whincup in the closing stages. After a difficult Race 8, where he went off the circuit and was later spun, Mark Winterbottom took victory in Race 9 ahead of Scott McLaughlin and Lowndes. After finishing eleventh in Race 9, Whincup lost the championship lead to Lowndes.

2016 International V8 Supercars Championship
The 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship (often simplified to the 2016 V8 Supercars Championship and known from 1 July as the 2016 Virgin Australia Supercars Championship) was an FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for Supercars. It was the eighteenth running of the Supercars Championship and the twentieth series in which Supercars have contested the premier Australian touring car title.

Mark Winterbottom started the season as the defending drivers' champion, while Triple Eight Race Engineering were the defending teams' champions.

Shane van Gisbergen, driving for Triple Eight Race Engineering, secured his first championship title with one race remaining, winning eight races during the season. Triple Eight Race Engineering won the Teams' Championship for the seventh consecutive season. Van Gisbergen, along with Alexandre Prémat, also won the Pirtek Enduro Cup.
Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo
Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo (Latin: Archidioecesis Aleppensis o Beroeensis Graecorum Melkitarum) is an archeparchy of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church located in Syria, based in Aleppo. Its current archeparch is Jean-Clément Jeanbart.

Cyril VIII Geha
Cyril VIII Geha (or Jeha), (November 26, 1840 – January 11, 1916)  was patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1902 until 1916. He was the last Melkite Catholic patriarch of the Ottoman era.
Barton Creek Square
Barton Creek Square is an enclosed shopping mall located in southwest Austin, Texas in the United States, near the intersection of Texas State Highway Loop 1 and Texas State Highway Loop 360. The mall is eponymously named after Barton Creek, Texas. Anchor stores are Dillard's, JCPenney, Macy's, and Nordstrom, with a vacant one last occupied by Sears.

Simon Property Group
Simon Media Properties, LLC, doing business as Simon Property Group, Inc., is an American real estate investment trust that invests in shopping malls, outlet centers, and community/lifestyle centers. It is the largest owner of shopping malls in the United States and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. As of December 31, 2024, it owned  interests in 232 properties.
Amarah
Amarah (Arabic: ٱلْعَمَارَة, romanized: al-ʿAmārah), also spelled Amara, is a city in south-eastern Iraq, located on a low ridge next to the Tigris River waterway south of Baghdad about 50 km (31 mi) from the border with Iran. It lies at the northern tip of the marshlands between the Tigris and Euphrates.

It had a population of about 340,000 in 2002, 420,000 in 2005, and 1,100,000 in 2020. Amarah is the seat of the Maysan Province. A major trading center for the surrounding agricultural area, the city is known for woven goods and silverware. The staple economic goods produced in northern Amarah are winter cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as animals such as sheep and horses.

Battle of Amarah
31°50′N 47°9′E﻿ / ﻿31.833°N 47.150°E﻿ / 31.833; 47.150

The Battle of Amarah took place from October 19 to October 20, 2006, between the Mahdi Army and police, who were largely members of the Badr Organization. Fighting began on October 19, when 800 masked members of the Mahdi army stormed three police stations in Amarah.
James Binney
James Jeffrey Binney, FRS, FInstP (born 12 April 1950) is a British astrophysicist. He is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford and former head of the Sub-Department of Theoretical Physics as well as an Emeritus Fellow of Merton College. Binney is known principally for his work in theoretical galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, though he has made a number of contributions to areas outside of astrophysics as well.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics
Fellowship of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) is "the highest level of membership attainable" by physicists who are members of the Institute of Physics (IOP), "for those with a degree in physics or related subject (or equivalent knowledge gained in the workplace) and who have made a significant impact on their sector"; it is for "distinguished physicists in recognition of their accomplishments".

Honorary Fellowship (HonFInstP) is for "exceptional individuals" who can be nominated in recognition of having "contributed to physics generally or to the work of the IOP", working in fields including business, education, research, and policy relating to physics. The Institute's bye-laws limit the number of fellows in this category to being not more than 100 living Honorary Fellows at any one time.
Arnavutköy Hastane (Istanbul Metro)
Arnavutköy Hastane is an underground station on the M11 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under Eski Edirne Street at Arnavutköy City Park in the Anadolu neighbourhood of Arnavutköy district. It was opened on 19 March 2024, and serves as the western terminus of the line until the extension to Halkalı opens in early 2026.

Arnavutköy (district)
Arnavutköy (meaning "Albanian village" in Turkish Turkish pronunciation: [aɾ.na.ʋut.k̟ʰøj]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 453 km2, and its population is 326,452 (2022). It is located on the European side of Istanbul and borders the Black Sea. Istanbul Airport is in the district. The mayor is Mustafa Candaroğlu of the AK Party. Arnavutköy borders Çatalca to the west, Büyükçekmece to the southwest, Esenyurt and Başakşehir to the south, and Eyüp to the east. Karaburun is a seaside resort on the Black Sea.

In 2008 the district Arnavutköy was created from parts of the districts Çatalca and Gaziosmanpaşa. The urban part of the new district, 29 neighbourhoods, was established as a  municipality. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.
Kuala Langat District
The Kuala Langat District is a district of Selangor, Malaysia. It is situated in the southwestern part of Selangor. It covers an area of 858 square kilometres, and had a population of 307,787 at the 2020 Census (exclude foreign). It is bordered by the districts of Klang and Petaling to the north and Sepang to the east. The Strait of Malacca forms its western border.

Among the major towns in Kuala Langat are Banting, Jugra, Teluk Datok, Morib and an island Carey Island.

Carey Island
Carey Island (Malay: Pulau Carey) is an island in Selangor, Malaysia. It is administered by the Zone 17 of the Kuala Langat Municipal Council. Carey Island is located to the south of Port Klang and north of Banting town. It is a huge island separated from the Selangor coast by the Langat River, connected by two bridges from Chodoi and Teluk Panglima Garang near Banting and a bridge from Pulau Indah and Pulau Carey.
Bhai Dooj
Bhai Dooj (Also known as, Bhai Tika, Bhaubeej, Bhai Beej, Bhai Phonta or Bhratri Dwitiya) is a festival celebrated by Hindus on the second lunar day of the Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight) of Kartika, the eighth month of the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar or the Shalivahana Shaka calendar. It is celebrated during the Diwali or Tihar festival and Holi festival. The celebrations of this day are similar to the festival of Raksha Bandhan.

In the southern part of India, the day is celebrated as Yama Dwitiya. In the Kayastha community, two Bhai Doojs are celebrated. The more famous one comes on the second day after Diwali. But the lesser-known one is celebrated a day or two after Diwali. In Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, a ritual is also followed, a dry coconut (named gola in regional language) with klewa tied along its width for worshipping is also used at the time of doing aarti of a brother. In Bengal, the day is celebrated as Bhai Phota, which comes one day after Kali Puja.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
Belton-in-Rutland
Belton-in-Rutland is a village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. The population at the 2001 census was 345 increasing to 348 at the 2011 census. It is situated about six miles (9.6 km) southwest of Oakham and about four miles (6.4 km) west of Uppingham and overlooks the A47. The Eye Brook forms the county boundary with Leicestershire.

The village's name probably means 'farm/settlement near a beacon or funeral pyre'. Then again, 'Bel' may likewise address a component signifying 'island' or 'glade'. Belton was renamed Belton-in-Rutland in 1982 to distinguish the village from Belton in Leicestershire.

St Peter's Church is a Grade II* listed building. The Old Hall and Westbourne House are also Grade II*.

The village has one public house, The Sun Inn.

Belton is part of the Braunston & Martinsthorpe ward which elects two councillors to Rutland County Council.

Oakham
Oakham is a market town and civil parish in Rutland (of which it is the county town) in the East Midlands of England. The town is located 25 miles (40 kilometres) east of Leicester, 28 miles (45 km) southeast of Nottingham and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Peterborough. It had a population of 12,149 in the 2021 census. Oakham is to the west of Rutland Water and in the Vale of Catmose. Its height above sea level ranges from 325 to 400 ft (100 to 120 m).
Midshipman extraordinary
Midshipman extraordinary originally referred to an officer in the Royal Navy below the rank of post-captain who was paid as a midshipman until he could find another ship.  Later it referred to a rating for graduates of the Royal Naval College in Portsmouth, who could not find a post as a midshipman.

Naval rating
In military terminology, a rate or rating (also known as bluejacket in the United States) is a junior enlisted sailor in a navy who is below the military rank of warrant officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.
Metamaterial cloaking
Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly  invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation. Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.

Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.