hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. Surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance are methods of obtaining this information.  The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition
Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) squadrons are a type of unit in the United States Army.  These are cavalry squadrons (though in IBCTs they typically contain at least one dismounted infantry troop), and act at the squadron (battalion) level as a reconnaissance unit for their parent brigade combat teams. These RSTA squadrons continue on the Recondo legacy of the Vietnam era Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRP), however, compared to the LRRPs they are often assigned additional non-reconnaissance responsibilities such as battlespace ownership.

Additionally, RSTA is a doctrine that groups the tasks of reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition conducted by the Department of Defense (United States).  RSTA supports military operations at a strategic (national defense policy), operational (theater level), or tactical (individual unit) level, either by dedicated RSTA forces or those which possess the capability.
Rubenstein v. State
Jacob Rubenstein v. State of Texas 407 S.W.2d 793 (1966) was a decision by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, the highest criminal appellate court in the State of Texas, that Jack Ruby, real name Jacob Rubenstein, the killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, had been denied a fair trial. The decision ordered his conviction reversed. Ruby died before he could be retried.

Jack Ruby
Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Rubenstein; c. March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American nightclub owner notable for murdering Lee Harvey Oswald.

Born in Chicago, Ruby operated nightclubs in Texas. On November 24, 1963, two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Ruby shot and mortally wounded Oswald in Dallas Police Headquarters and was immediately arrested. The shooting happened on live television. Ruby was convicted and sentenced to death. The conviction was overturned on appeal, and he was granted a new trial, but Ruby fell ill, was diagnosed with cancer, and died of a pulmonary embolism on January 3, 1967.

In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that there was no evidence Ruby was part of a conspiracy; despite this, Ruby's murder of Oswald has stoked John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories.
Zalzala (film)
Zalzala is a 1988 Indian Hindi-language action adventure film directed by Harish Shah. It features an ensemble cast of Dharmendra, Shatrughan Sinha, Rajiv Kapoor, Anita Raj, Kimi Katkar, Vijayta Pandit, Danny Denzongpa and Rati Agnihotri. It is a loose rehash of 1969 Western, Mackenna's Gold.
Zalzala was released on 13 May 1988 and received mainly mixed reviews from critics.

Mackenna's Gold
Mackenna's Gold is a 1969 American Western film directed by J. Lee Thompson, starring an ensemble cast featuring Gregory Peck, Omar Sharif, Telly Savalas, Ted Cassidy, Camilla Sparv and Julie Newmar in lead roles. It was photographed in Super Panavision 70 and Technicolor by Joseph MacDonald, with original music by Quincy Jones.

Mackenna's Gold is based on the novel of the same name by Heck Allen using the pen name Will Henry, telling the story of how the lure of gold corrupts a diverse group of people. The novel was loosely based on the legend of the Lost Adams Diggings, crediting the Frank Dobie account of the legend (Apache Gold and Yaqui Silver) in the author's note. The film was a box-office failure in North America, but went on to become a major success in the Soviet Union and the Indian subcontinent.
United States Army Communications-Electronics Command
The Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM) is a Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) of the United States Army headquartered at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. It is one of four such commands under the Army Materiel Command (AMC). CECOM is the Army's provider and maintainer of command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C5ISR) equipment.

CECOM has approximately 13,000 military, civilian and contract personnel across six CECOM organizations:

the Army Contracting Command-APG;

the Army Medical Logistics Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland;

Central Technical Support Facility, Fort Hood, Texas;

CECOM Integrated Logistics Support Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland;

CECOM Software Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland;

Tobyhanna Army Depot, Pennsylvania;

U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command, Fort Huachuca, Arizona.

United States Army Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center
The Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) C5ISR Center, formerly the Communications-Electronics RD&E Center (CERDEC), is the United States Army information technologies and integrated systems center. CCDC C5ISR Center is headquartered at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, with activities at Fort Belvoir in Virginia and Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in New Jersey.

As one of the 10 organizations that make up the Combat Capabilities Development Command, a subordinate organization of the Army Futures Command, CCDC C5ISR Centers supplies Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) capabilities, technologies and integrated solutions for the Soldier.
Metro Hotels
Metro Hotels is an Australian hotel chain founded in 1976. The company is owned by Transmetro Corporation Limited and overseen by Metro Hospitality Group, a trading division of Transmetro Corporation. Metro Hotels operates 15 hotels and 2 pubs at multiple locations in Australia. The company is the oldest fully Australian owned hotel chain and has been traded on the Australian Securities Exchange since 1987. Metro Hotels is in a strategic partnership with Argyle Hotel Group. The company is currently headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Neritodryas cornea
Neritodryas cornea, the horny nerite, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

Neritodryas cornea is the type species of the genus Neritodryas.

Neritidae
Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum.
The family Neritidae includes marine genera such as Nerita, marine and freshwater genera such as Neritina, and freshwater and brackish water genera such as Theodoxus.

The common name "nerite" as well as the family name Neritidae and the genus name Nerita, are derived from the name of Nerites, who was a sea god in Greek mythology.
Folkswort
Folkswort (Yiddish: פֿאָלקסװאָרט, "people's word") was a Yiddish-language daily newspaper published from Warsaw, Poland. Folkswort was an organ of the Labour Zionist Poalei Zion Right. Folkswort had its office at Nalewki Street.

Poale Zion
Poale Zion (Yiddish: פועלי ציון, also romanized Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire at about the turn of the 20th century after the Bund rejected Zionism in 1901.
Steve Jones (footballer, born 1976)
Stephen Graham Jones (born 25 October 1976) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for Sandbach United football club. He has been capped 29 times by Northern Ireland and played for 20 clubs in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

North West Counties Football League
The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, and Rhyl. From season 2018–19 the league increased to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.
American Guild of Musical Artists
The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) is the labor union of singers, dancers, and staging staff in opera, ballet and contemporary dance, and concert choral performance in the United States. A national union with a membership of over 6,500 artists, AGMA provides forceful advocacy and defense of its members' employment and artistic rights. AGMA negotiates and enforces approximately 70 collective bargaining agreements throughout the country, ensuring fair and safe working conditions and enhancing the quality of life of its members. AGMA has a direct charter from the AFL–CIO and is affiliated with the AFL–CIO Branch of Associated Actors and Artists of America and the Department for Professional Employees (DPE). AGMA is also a part of the Coalition of Broadway Unions and Guilds (COBUG).

Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO
The Department for Professional Employees, AFL–CIO (DPE) is a semi-autonomous "trade" department of the AFL–CIO, and serves as an advocate for professional workers within the federation, and before legislative bodies, the press and the public.
1961 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1961 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 52nd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 29 January 1961. The championship ran from 9 April to 8 October 1961.

The final, a replay, was played on 8 October 1961 at Riverstown Sportsfield, between Glen Rovers and Castletownroche, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Glen Rovers won the match by 4–06 to 1–06 to claim their sixth championship title overall and a first title in three years.

1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1909 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 1 August 1909 and ended on 31 October 1909.

On 31 October 1909, Carrigtwohill won the championship following a 3–15 to 2–00 defeat of Bandon in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds.
1981 New Zealand National Soccer League
The 1981 New Zealand National Soccer League was the 12th season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. Wellington Diamond United won the league for a second time, having previously been champions in 1976. The league was the closest until this point, with only four points separating the top five teams.

1978 New Zealand National Soccer League
The 1978 New Zealand National Soccer League was the ninth season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. A change was made from previous years, with the replacement of goal average by goal difference as a means for ranking teams equal on points.
Omphalotropis cookei
Omphalotropis cookei is a species of small salt marsh snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc, or micromollusc, in the family Assimineidae. This species occurs in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

Assimineidae
Assimineidae is a family of small snails, also known as palmleaf snails, with an operculum, gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea. Many of these very small snails live in intermediate habitats, being amphibious between saltwater and land; others live in freshwater.
Oscar Vankesbeeck Stadion
The Oscar Vankesbeesckstadion is a football stadium, located in Mechelen, Belgium, and is host to K.R.C. Mechelen. With a capacity of 6,123.

The stadium, located Oscar Vankesbeeckstraat, is named after Oscar Van Kesbeeck, a Flemish politician, who was chairman of the Belgian Football Association between 1937 and 1943, and a former chairman and player of Racing Mechelen. It is located about 1.5 kilometers far from the Veolia Stadium of rivals KV Mechelen.

K.R.C. Mechelen
Koninklijke Racing Club Mechelen, simply known as Racing Mechelen or KRC Mechelen, is a Belgian association football club from Mechelen in the Antwerp province. It is a long-time rival of KV Mechelen. The club's best position ever is a second place in the first division 1951–52. KRC Mechelen also reached the final of the Belgian Cup in 1954. However, the team has been falling through the Belgian football league system since 2015 and in the 2017–18 season it was playing in the Belgian Provincial Leagues for the first time since 1906.
Jiangbei, Meizhou
Jiangbei (Chinese: 江北; pinyin: Jiāngběi) is an area in the prefecture-level city of Meizhou, Guangdong. It is situated on the left bank of the Mei River (梅江).

Jiangbei and Jiangnan, on the right bank, were long the urban core of Meixian District. Both areas were carved from the county according to the new systems of territorial administration after 1949.

The two areas are joined by many road and foot bridges. The syllable Jiang (江) in their names refers to the Mei River (Méi Jiāng in Pinyin), which forms a great ox-bow here.

Meizhou
Meizhou (Chinese: 梅州, Hakka Chinese: Mòichû) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong province, China. It has an area of 15,864.51 km2 (6,125.32 sq mi), and a population of 3,873,239 as of the 2020 census. It comprises Meijiang District, Meixian District, Xingning City and five counties. Its built-up or metro area made up of two urban districts was home to 992,351 inhabitants.
New Baneswar railway station
"New Baneswar railway station (station code NBS)". is major one among the two railway stations that serves the town of Baneswar, Cooch Behar district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The other smaller station is "Baneswar (station code BSW)". New Baneswar is 11 kms away from the city of Alipurduar and 08 kms away from Cooch Behar.
The station lies on the New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section of Barauni–Guwahati line of Northeast Frontier Railway. This station falls under Alipurduar railway division.

Alipurduar railway division
Alipurduar railway division is one of the five railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 15 January 1958 and its headquarter is located at Alipurduar in the state of West Bengal.

Katihar railway division, Lumding railway division, Tinsukia railway division and Rangiya railway division are the other four railway divisions under the NFR Zone headquartered at Maligaon, Guwahati.
Disley
Disley is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England. It is located on the edge of the Peak District in the Goyt Valley, south of Stockport and close to the county boundary with Derbyshire at New Mills. The population at the 2011 Census was 4,294. To the north, the River Goyt and the Peak Forest Canal, which opened in 1800, pass along the edge of the village. Today, it is a commuter town, retaining a semi-rural character.

The parish includes part of the neighbouring area of Newtown, the bulk of which is in Derbyshire.

Buxton
Buxton is a spa town in the borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level. It lies close to Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, on the edge of the Peak District National Park. In 1974, the municipal borough merged with other nearby boroughs, including Glossop, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak.

The town population was 20,048 at the 2021 Census (down from 21,108 at the 2011 Census). Sights include Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern; St Ann's Well, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Natural Mineral Water (owned by Nestle); and many historic buildings, including John Carr's restored Buxton Crescent, Henry Currey's Buxton Baths and Frank Matcham's Buxton Opera House. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby occupies historic premises. Buxton is twinned with Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.
Lee Vining Peak
Lee Vining Peak is an 11,690-foot-elevation (3,560-meter) summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County of northern California, United States. The mountain is set within the Hoover Wilderness, on land managed by Inyo National Forest. The peak is situated north of Lee Vining Canyon, and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) southeast of Mount Warren, which is the nearest higher neighbor. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 5,300 feet (1,600 meters) above Mono Lake in less than four miles (6.4 km), and 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above Lee Vining Creek in two miles (3.2 km).

Mono County, California
Mono County (/ˈmoʊnoʊ/ MOH-noh) is a county located in the east central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,195, making it the fourth-least populous county in California. The county seat is Bridgeport. The county is located east of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Nevada. The only incorporated town in the county is Mammoth Lakes, which is located at the foot of Mammoth Mountain.  Other locations, such as June Lake, are also famous as skiing and fishing resorts. Located in the middle of the county is Mono Lake, a vital habitat for millions of migratory and nesting birds. The lake is located in a wild natural setting, with pinnacles of tufa arising out of the salty and alkaline lake. Also located in Mono County is Bodie, the official state gold rush ghost town, which is now a California State Historic Park.
Area studies
Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions.  The term exists primarily as a general description for what are, in the practice of scholarship, many heterogeneous fields of research, encompassing both the social sciences and the humanities. Typical area study programs involve international relations, strategic studies, history, anthropology, political science, political economy, cultural studies, languages, geography, literature, and other related disciplines. In contrast to cultural studies, area studies often include diaspora and emigration from the area.

Turkology
Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. That includes ethnic groups from the Sakha, in eastern Siberia, to the Turks in the Balkans and the Gagauz, in Moldova.
Murphyarachne
Murphyarachne is a monotypic genus of Peruvian tarantulas, with one species, Murphyarachne ymasumacae. It was first described by Sherwood and Gabriel in 2022. The genus is named after Frances Mary Murphy (1926 to 1995) and John Alan Murphy (1922 to 2021) for their contributions to arachnology, and the Greek term "arachne", which is the word for spider.

Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.
Chinese Short Track Speed Skating League
Chinese Short Track Speed Skating League is the series of national competitions organized by the Chinese Skating Association. It starts in October in every season till March in the next year. It opens to all registered short track speed skaters in China, and those national team skaters who compete in international competitions (for example: ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup, World Short Track Speed Skating Championships and Winter Olympic Games) may also participate if time does not conflict.

ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a series of international short track speed skating competitions, organised yearly by the International Skating Union since the winter of 1998/1999. Every year during the winter, a number of competitions on a number of different distances are held. Skaters can earn points at each competition and the skater who has the most points on a given distance at the end of the series is the winner.

The ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was replaced by ISU Short Track World Tour starting since the 2024-25 season.
Lens (geometry)
In 2-dimensional geometry, a lens is a convex region bounded by two circular arcs joined to each other at their endpoints. In order for this shape to be convex, both arcs must bow outwards (convex-convex). This shape can be formed as the intersection of two circular disks. It can also be formed as the union of two circular segments (regions between the chord of a circle and the circle itself), joined along a common chord.

Abscissa and ordinate
In mathematics, the abscissa (/æbˈsɪs.ə/; plural abscissae or abscissas) and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate of a point in a Cartesian coordinate system:

abscissa -axis (horizontal) coordinate

ordinate -axis (vertical) coordinate

Together they form an ordered pair which defines the location of a point in two-dimensional rectangular space.

More technically, the abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis. Its absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and its sign is given by the location on the projection relative to the origin (before: negative; after: positive). Similarly, the ordinate of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the secondary axis. In three dimensions, the third direction is sometimes referred to as the applicate.