hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podachaenium
Podachaenium is a genus of Mesoamerican plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Species

Podachaenium chiapanum B.L.Turner & Panero - 	Chiapas

Podachaenium eminens (Lag.) Sch.Bip. ex Sch.Bip. - from Sinaloa to Costa Rica

Podachaenium pachyphyllum (Sch.Bip. ex Klatt) R.K.Jansen, N.A.Harriman & Urbatsch - Puebla, Oaxaca

Podachaenium paniculatum Benth. - Costa Rica

formerly included

see Squamopappus Verbesina

Podachaenium skutchii (S.F.Blake) H.Rob. - Squamopappus skutchii (S.F.Blake) R.K.Jansen, N.A.Harriman & Urbatsch

Podachaenium standleyi (Steyerm.) B.L.Turner & Panero - Verbesina standleyi (Steyerm.) D.L.Nash

Verbesina
Verbesina, many species of which have crownbeard as part of their common names, is a genus of flowering plants, in the family Asteraceae. It is a large genus of about 350 species.

All of the species bear white or yellow flowers similar to small sunflowers. The name Verbesina very likely refers to the similarity of the foliage to that of the (unrelated) Verbena.

Verbesina species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. These include Schinia bina, which has been recorded from V. encelioides, and Schinia siren which feeds exclusively on that species.

Pollen grains from eight of the nine species of Verbesina found in Brazil have been characterized as oblate-spheroidal, medium-sized, isopolar monads. They are 3-colplorate with a subtriangular amb, a small polar area, a long colpus, a lalongate endoaperture, a caveate exine and an echinate sexine.
Konca Vas
Konca Vas (pronounced [ˈkoːntsa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Konca vas, formerly Konca or Konec; German: Ort) is a small settlement immediately north of Stara Cerkev in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Stara Cerkev
Stara Cerkev (pronounced [ˈstaːɾa ˈtseːɾkɛu̯]; in older sources also Srednja vas, German: Mitterdorf) is a village northwest of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Bačka Palanka
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Serbo-Croatian: Crkva Bezgrešnog začeća blažene device Marije) is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Bačka Palanka in Vojvodina, Serbia. The church was constructed in period between 1782 and 1787. The local parish was firstly mentioned in 1237 under the name of Pest and was re-established in 1755 from a section of the Church of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist of Mladenovo parish area. At that time it was administered from catholic church in Ilok just across the Danube river in what is now easternmost town of Croatia.

Church of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, Mladenovo
Church of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist (Serbo-Croatian: Crkva svetog Ivana Krstitelja) is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Mladenovo in Vojvodina, Serbia. The church was constructed in 1812. The earliest preserved mention of the local Roman Catholic parish in the village is mentioned in 1332 and it 1731 it was a branch of the nearby Church of Saint Anne in Bačko Novo Selo. The church building was expanded in 1934.
Mehdi Davatgari
Mehdi Davatghari (Persian: ‌‌مهدی دواتگری; born 1966) is an Iranian lawyer and politician.

Davatghari was born in Maragheh. He is a member of the present Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Maragheh and Ajabshir. Davatghari won with 92,215 (60.35%) votes.

Maragheh
Maragheh (Persian: مراغه) is a city in the Central District of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay. It is 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Tabriz, the largest city in northwestern Iran.
Luciano Freire
Luciano Martins Freire (11 June 1864, Lisbon - 28 January 1934, Lisbon) was a Portuguese painter and art restorer. He specialized in landscapes and genre scenes. Some of his works have Symbolist elements.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Rockview Dam
Rockview Dam is a zoned earth-fill/rock-fill type dam located on the Palmiet River near Grabouw, Western Cape, South Africa. It was established in 1986 and serves mainly for pumping purposes (storage). The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high (3).

Grabouw
Grabouw (/xrʌˈboʊ/ khrub-OH, Afrikaans: [χraˈbœu]) is a town located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Grabouw is located some 65 km south-east of Cape Town, over Sir Lowry's Pass from Somerset West, along the N2 highway. The town is the commercial centre for the vast Elgin Valley, the largest single export fruit-producing area in Southern Africa, which extends between the Hottentots-Holland, Kogelberg, Groenland, and Houwhoek Mountains. The town's population has grown rapidly, with 44,593 people in 2019 from 21,593 as listed by the 2001 census.
2024 UniCredit Czech Open
The 2024 UniCredit Czech Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 31st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Prostějov, Czech Republic between 3 and 8 June 2024.

Czech Open (tennis)
The UniCredit Czech Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at TK Agrofert Prostějov in Prostějov, Czech Republic, since 1994.

Jan Hájek, Radek Štěpánek, Jiří Veselý are the singles record holders with three titles won. Jaroslav Levinský, winning three times the doubles titles, is the record holder for that tournament category.
Katarina Köhler
Katarina Köhler (born 1954) is a Swedish politician, teacher and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she represented Västerbotten County between October 2010 and September 2018. She had previously been a substitute member of the Riksdag for Ibrahim Baylan twice: October 2006; and September 2007 to December 2007.

Köhler is the daughter of farmer Gunnar Köhler and Aili Regina Köhler. She was educated in Gällivare. She studied organisational development and leadership at Dalarna University and process pedagogy at Luleå University of Technology. She was a teacher in Skellefteå from 1986 to 1992 and from 1994 to 2010. She was a member of the municipal council in Skellefteå Municipality from 2006 to 2010.

Ibrahim Baylan
Ibrahim Baylan (born 15 March 1972) is a Swedish politician who served as minister for schools from 2004 to 2006, as minister for energy from 2014 to 2019, minister for government coordination from 2016 to 2019 and as minister for business, industry and innovation from 2019 to 2021.

He has been a member of the Swedish Riksdag since 2006, and was deputy chairman in the education committée and spokesperson of educational issues for the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 2012 to 2014.
Battle of Ballyshannon (1247)
The Battle of Ballyshannon (Irish: Béal Átha Seanaidh) was fought in 1247 between Maurice FitzGerald, Justiciar of Ireland and Melaghlin O'Donnell, King of Tyrconnell, Kinel-Moen, Inishowen, and Fermanagh, near Ballyshannon, Ireland. Maurice FitzGerald defeated and killed Melaghlin O'Donnell.

River Erne
The River Erne (/ɛərn/ AIRN, Irish: Abhainn na hÉirne or An Éirne) in the northwest of the island of Ireland, is the second-longest river in Ulster, flowing through Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, and forming part of their border.
City Attorney of San Francisco
The city attorney of San Francisco is an elected position in the City and County of San Francisco, California. While city-county consolidation resulted in the unified government having both a city attorney and a district attorney, the two positions are separate and serve different purposes.

Whereas the district attorney's office is, as is the case throughout the United States, charged with prosecuting crimes (i.e. has the equivalent function of a Prosecutor's Office in other countries), the city attorney provides legal services to the mayor, the Board of Supervisors, and the rest of the city and county administration; examines surety bonds, contracts and ordinances; and represents the city and county administration in civil claims, formally as a representative of the people of the State of California.

The city attorney is assisted by a number of assistant city attorneys. In the 1996 city charter, the office is currently governed by section 6.102, last amended in 2002.

San Francisco District Attorney's Office
The San Francisco District Attorney's Office is the legal agency charged with prosecuting crimes in the City and County of San Francisco, California, under California state law. 
The current district attorney is Brooke Jenkins. Occupants of this office have gone on to higher elected offices, including: governor of California, United States senator, and vice president of the United States.
The Hub on Causeway
The Hub on Causeway is a 1,500,000 sq ft (139,400 m2) mixed-use development in West End, Boston adjoining the TD Garden and North Station. It stands on the former site of Boston Garden, which was razed in 1998. Before its construction, the old Garden footprint served as employee parking. As of December 28, 2024, the Hub Office Tower is tied for the 18th-tallest building in Boston with Exchange Place, and the Hub Residential Tower is tied for the 24th-tallest building in Boston with the Custom House Tower.

North Station
North Station is a commuter rail and intercity rail terminal station in Boston, Massachusetts. It is served by four MBTA Commuter Rail lines – the Fitchburg Line, Haverhill Line, Lowell Line, and Newburyport/Rockport Line – and the Amtrak Downeaster intercity service. The concourse is located under the TD Garden arena, with the platforms extending north towards drawbridges over the Charles River. The eponymous subway station, served by the Green Line and Orange Line, is connected to the concourse with an underground passageway.
Voir Dire (Will Haven album)
Voir Dire is the fifth studio album by the heavy metal band Will Haven. It was released in 2011 on Bieler Bros. Records. It is the first album to feature frontman Grady Avenell since 2001's critically acclaimed Carpe Diem, and also features new bassist Chris Fehn (then-percussionist of Slipknot). The album was well received by critics, and featured in Metal Hammer's top 50 albums of 2011. The LP edition of the album was issued by Holy Roar Records in 2012.

Carpe Diem (Will Haven album)
Carpe Diem (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkarpe ˈdiem]; Latin aphorism, usually translated "seize the day") is the third studio album by noise metal band Will Haven. It was released on October 23, 2001 via Revelation Records/Music for Nations. Recording sessions took place at The Hangar in Sacramento, The Appliance Shop in Los Angeles and Sound Arena in Van Nuys. Production was handled by Eric Stenman.

The album only managed to peak at number 24 on the UK Rock & Metal Albums and number 31 on the UK Independent Albums, while its single of the same name reached number 17 on the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart.
Dagar Brothers
The Dagar Brothers are one of two generations of singers of the Indian classical music vocal genre dhrupad:

Senior Dagar Brothers, Nasir Moinuddin Dagar (1919-1966) and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar (1923-2000)

Younger Dagar Brothers, Zahiruddin Dagar (1933–1994) and Faiyazuddin Dagar (1934–1989)

Junior Dagar Brothers
The Junior Dagar Brothers were Nasir Zahiruddin (1933–1994) and Nasir Faiyazuddin (1934–1989), a pair of Indian singers of the classical dhrupad genre. They were the 19th generation of an unbroken chain of the Dagar vani Dhrupad tradition. Their father, vocalist Nasiruddin Khan, died in 1936, and consequently they learned dhrupad from their elder brothers, the Senior Dagar Brothers, Nasir Moinuddin Dagar and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar.

The brothers were born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Their musical career unfolded in Delhi. After the untimely demise of Nasir Moinuddin Dagar in Calcutta in 1967 they became the only pair carrying on the jugalbandi singing. The Dagar Brothers took Dhrupad to Europe, America and Japan. In India they formed the Dhrupad Society to popularise Dhrupad, inviting exponents from all gharanas to share their platform. They also trained many students, including Faiyaz Wasifuddin Dagar, the son of Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar.
1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
The 1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in San Antonio, Texas in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier  of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from February 27 through March 5, 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won her second consecutive singles title at the event.

1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Virginia Slims Championships and the WTA Category 1-5 events. ITF World Circuit tournaments are not part of the WTA World Championship Series, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
2001 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2001 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 107th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887.

Graigue-Ballycallan were the defending champions.

On 14 October 2001, O'Loughlin Gaels won the title after a 1–17 to 1–06 defeat of Graigue-Ballycallan in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their first ever championship title.

2000 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2000 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 106th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship began on 19 August 2000 and ended on 22 October 2000.

Glenmore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by O'Loughlin Gaels at the semi-final stage.

On 15 October 2000, Graigue-Ballycallan won the title after a 0–16 to 0–09 defeat of O'Loughlin Gaels in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their second championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons. It remains their last championship triumph.

Nigel Skehan of the O'Loughlin Gaels club was the championship's top scorer with 2-23.
Andreas Kuffner (rower)
Andreas Kuffner (born 11 March 1987 in Vilshofen) is a German representative rower. He is a dual Olympian, an Olympic gold & silver medallist and a world champion.

He was in the crew that won the gold medal at the men's eight competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.  At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he rowed in Germany's Men's eight which won the silver medal. Those nine 2016 Olympic silver medal rowers were awarded the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt (Silver Laurel Leaf), Germany's highest sports award, for their achievements. It was Kuffner's second such award having been similarly recognised for his 2012 Olympic gold.

Silbernes Lorbeerblatt
Silbernes Lorbeerblatt (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪlbɐnəs ˈlɔʁbeːɐ̯ˌblat], lit. 'Silver Laurel Leaf'), the highest sports award in Germany, was endowed on 23 June 1950 by the German President Theodor Heuss. It is awarded to athletes and teams of exemplary character that have won medals at Olympic and Paralympic Games, won important international titles like the
football World Cup, or placed several times at international championships.

To be honored with Silbernes Lorbeerblatt, an athlete or a team has to be nominated by the president of the German Olympic Sports Confederation to the German President. The request will be reviewed by the Office of the German President and the Federal Ministry of the Interior as this agency is responsible for sport in Germany. The President and the Minister of the Interior both sign the application, following article 58 of the Grundgesetz.
1978 Women's Nordic Football Championship
1978 Women's Nordic Football Championship was the fifth edition of the Women's Nordic Football Championship tournament. It was held from 7 July to 9 July in Denmark. This was the first time as Norway joined the tournament.

The match between Norway and Sweden on 7 July was the first ever international for Norway women's national football team.

Women's Nordic Football Championship
Women's Nordic Football Championship was an international football competition contested by the women's national football teams of the Nordic countries. The tournament was held annually between 1974 and 1982. Finland, Denmark and Sweden competed from the start, Norway joined the tournament in 1978. Iceland and Faroe Islands did not take part at the competition.
Lawrence station (CTA)
Lawrence is an 'L' station on the Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line. It is an elevated station located at 1117 West Lawrence Avenue in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The adjacent stations are Argyle, located about 1⁄3 mile (0.54 km) to the north, and Wilson, about 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) to the south. Four tracks pass through the station, with a single island platform in the center of the tracks. Purple Line weekday rush hour express service uses the outside tracks and does not stop.

Lawrence station is located in the historic Uptown entertainment district. Nearby attractions include the Aragon Ballroom, the Green Mill Cocktail Lounge, the Riviera Theater, and the Uptown Theatre.

Wilson station (CTA)
Wilson is an 'L' station on the CTA's North Side Main Line, located at 4620 North Broadway in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. It is served at all times by the Red Line and by the Purple Line on weekdays at rush hour.
Byzantine Italy
Byzantine Italy consisted of various parts of the Italian peninsula that were under the control of the Byzantine Empire after the Gothic War (535–554) and down to the end of the 11th century. There was a brief attempt at Byzantine reconquest in the middle of the 12th century.

Chronologically, it refers to:

Praetorian prefecture of Italy (540/554–584)

Exarchate of Ravenna (584–751)

Theme of Longobardia (c. 891 – c. 965)

Catepanate of Italy (965–1071)

Several states avoided conquest by the Lombards or Franks and maintained nominal Byzantine allegiance even after the Byzantine presence in Italy came to an end:

Byzantine Venetia (later: Republic of Venice)

Duchy of Naples

Duchy of Gaeta

Duchy of Amalfi

Duchy of Sorrento

Likewise, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily maintained Byzantine allegiance in this period:

Theme of Sicily (687–902)

Byzantine Sardinia

Longobardia
Longobardia (Greek: Λογγοβαρδία, also variously Λογγιβαρδία, Longibardia and Λαγουβαρδία, Lagoubardia) was a Byzantine term for the territories controlled by the Lombards in the Italian Peninsula. In the ninth and tenth centuries, it was also the name of a Byzantine military-civilian province (or thema) known as the Theme of Longobardia located in southeastern Italy.
Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem
Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem (ARI, German for: Automotive-Driver's-Broadcasting-Information) was a system for indicating the presence of traffic information in FM broadcasts used by the German ARD network of FM radio stations from 1974. Developed jointly by IRT and Blaupunkt, it indicated the presence of traffic announcements through manipulation of the 57kHz subcarrier of the station's FM signal.

ARI was rendered obsolete by the more modern Radio Data System and the ARD stopped broadcasting ARI signals on March 1, 2005.

Subcarrier
A subcarrier is a sideband of a radio frequency carrier wave, which is modulated to send additional information. Examples include the provision of colour in a black and white television system or the provision of stereo in a monophonic radio broadcast. There is no physical difference between a carrier and a subcarrier; the "sub" implies that it has been derived from a carrier, which has been amplitude modulated by a steady signal and has a constant frequency relation to it.
Angelic acid
Angelic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid, mostly found in the plants of the family Apiaceae. It is a volatile solid with a biting taste and pungent sour odor. It is the cis isomer of 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid, which easily converts to the trans isomer, tiglic acid, upon heating or reaction with inorganic acids. The reverse transformation occurs much less readily. The salts and esters of angelic acid are called angelates. Angelic acid esters are the active components of herbal medicine used against a wide range of various health disturbances including pains, fever, gout, heartburn, etc.

Angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica, commonly known as angelica, garden angelica, wild celery, and Norwegian angelica, is a biennial plant from the family Apiaceae, a subspecies of which is cultivated for its sweetly scented edible stems and roots. Like several other species in Apiaceae, its appearance is similar to several poisonous species (Conium, Heracleum, and others), and should not be consumed unless it has been identified with absolute certainty. Synonyms include Archangelica officinalis Hoffm. and Angelica officinalis Moench.
Multiple sclerosis drug pipeline
There are several ways for pharmaceuticals for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) to reach the market.

Novel pharmaceuticals cannot enter the US market without FDA approval, which typically requires evidence of safety and efficacy in human trials and large fees be submitted to the FDA and found to be adequate.

Pharmaceuticals already on the market, such as vitamin D, do not have to and may never have had do so, and the financial incentives to do so are relatively insignificant. Thus lack of approval of such drugs implies neither efficacy nor lack of efficacy.

In general, novel pharmaceuticals cannot enter a market without government approval; standards and political influences vary.

Interferon beta-1a
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli.  Some research indicates that interferon injections  may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses.

Interferon beta has not been shown to slow the advance of disability. Interferons are not a cure for MS (there is no known cure); the claim is that interferons may slow the progress of the disease if started early and continued for the duration of the disease.
Halesus (insect)
Halesus is a genus of caddisflies belonging to the family Limnephilidae.

The genus was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1836.

The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and North America.

Species:

Halesus digitatus

Halesus radiatus

Halesus tesselatus

Limnephilidae
Limnephilidae is a family of caddisflies with about 100 genera and almost 900 described species. They belong to the main lineage of case-constructing caddisflies, the Integripalpia or tube-case caddisflies. The Limnephilidae is one of the most species-rich Trichoptera families of northern temperate regions, but only a few are known from tropical areas and the Southern Hemisphere. For this reason they are often known as northern caddisflies.