hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Buddhism
The history of Buddhism can be traced back to the 5th century BCE. Buddhism originated from Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha, and is based on the teachings of the renunciate Siddhārtha Gautama. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent throughout Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of Asia.

The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and philosophical schools. Among them were the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.

Parinirvana
In Buddhism, Parinirvana (Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa; Pali: parinibbāna) describes the state entered after death by someone who has attained nirvana during their lifetime. It implies a release from Saṃsāra, karma and rebirth as well as the dissolution of the skandhas.

In some Mahāyāna scriptures, notably the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, parinirvāṇa is described as the realm of the eternal true Self of the Buddha.

In the Buddha in art, the event is represented by a reclining Buddha figure, often surrounded by disciples.
Ghatal subdivision
Ghatal subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Earlier it was part of Hooghly District. Later in 1872 it was merged with Medinipur District.

Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur  (English: West Medinipur, alternative spelling Midnapore) district is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision was upgraded to a district. GDP of West Midnapore district is 12 billion USD.
Rybachuk
Rybachuk  is a surname of Ukrainian origin. It is a patronymic derivation  from surname/nickname Rybak, the latter literally meaning "fisherman". Notable people with this surname include:

Ada Rybachuk (1931–2010),  Ukraine/Soviet muralist, painter, sculptor and architect

Oleh Rybachuk (born 1958),  Ukrainian politician

Rybak
Rybak or Ribak (Belarusian: Рыбак, Ukrainian: Рибак, Russian: Рыбак) is a Slavic surname meaning "fisherman" in Belarusian, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian. A spelling variant is Ryback.

People with the surname include:
Muscatine Journal
The Muscatine Journal serves 8,000 adult readers in Muscatine and Louisa counties, in Iowa, United States, and is delivered to nearly 3,500 homes, Monday through Saturday. Hometown Extra, its sister shopper publication, is delivered every Wednesday to nearly 13.000 households. Both publications are part of Lee Enterprises, which is located in Davenport, Iowa. The Muscatine Journal also publishes news daily on their website.

Lee Enterprises
Lee Enterprises, Inc. is a publicly traded American media company. It publishes 72 daily newspapers in 25 states, and more than 350 weekly, classified, and specialty publications. Lee Enterprises was founded in 1890 by Alfred Wilson Lee and is based in Davenport, Iowa.

The company also provides online services, including websites supporting its daily newspapers and other publications. Lee had more than 26 million unique web and mobile visitors monthly, with 229.1 million pages viewed. Lee became majority partner of TownNews.com in 1996; Town News creates software for newspaper publication purposes. The company offers commercial printing services to its customers.

Lee Enterprises is currently the fourth-largest newspaper group in the United States of America. The company acquired Howard Publications (16 daily newspapers) for $694 million in 2002 and Pulitzer, Inc. (14 daily, over 100 non-daily), for $1.5 billion in 2005.
Al-Lawatia
Al-Lawatia (English: The Lawatis; Arabic: اللواتية; Sindhi: لاواتي, sing. Lawati) are a prominent Gulf Arab merchant tribe based in the province of Muscat, Oman. They are known globally as Khojas but in the Gulf are more commonly referred to as Lawatis due to them being speakers of Lawati, a Sindhi based language. There are around 30,000 Luwatis (or 1% of Omanis) in Oman.

Many Lawati families of successful merchants of the past are now involved in large multi-faceted corporations participating in the development of the region. Some Lawati Khowaja can also be found in Gwadar who settled there during 1800-1958 during the period it was part of Oman, they are known by the surname Azim and Al Azim.

Ibadism
Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized: al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is the third-largest branch of Islam. Its roots go back to the Kharijite secession from the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. It is a moderate subsect that has persisted and led to the creation of Ibadi communities in various areas in the Middle East and Africa.

The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل الحقّ والاستقامة). Contemporary Ibadis may object to being classified as Kharijites. They are much less numerous than the two largest Muslim denominations: Sunnis—who account for 85–90 percent of the Muslim world—and Shias.

Today, the largest of these communities is in Oman. It is also practiced to a lesser extent in Algeria (in Mzab), Tunisia (in Djerba), Libya (in Nafusa and Zuwarah area), and Tanzania (in Zanzibar).
Mostec
Mostec (pronounced [ˈmoːstəts], German: Brückel) is a village in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Dobova
Dobova (pronounced [ˈdoːbɔʋa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The railway line from Ljubljana to Zagreb runs through the settlement and the station is an international railway border crossing. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to the Holy Name of Mary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It is a Neo-romanesque building with a triple nave, built on the site of two older churches in 1865.
Durant Choctaws
The Durant Choctaws was the primary nickname of the minor league baseball teams based in Durant, Oklahoma, who played as members of the Class D level Texas–Oklahoma League from 1911 to 1914. The Durant Educators (1911), Durant Choctaws (1912–1913) and Durant Gladiators (1914) teams played exclusively in the Texas-Oklahoma League, hosting home minor league games at the Durant Base Ball Park. After placing second in their first season of play, Durant finished last during the next three seasons, before the league folded following the 1914 season, during World War I.

Bonham, Texas minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Bonham, Texas in various seasons between 1898 and 1922. Bonham teams played as members of the Independent level Southwestern League in 1898 and the Class D level Texas-Oklahoma League from 1911 to 1914 and 1921 to 1922. Bonham teams featured a different moniker each season.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Kid Nichols managed the 1914 Bonham Sliders.
Ganiang
Ganiang is a township of Yuanyang County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan. Ganiang Village, Shuijingwan Village, Dawu Village, Jijudi Village, Longke Village, Fenggang Village and Kulu Village are located in Ganiang.

Yuanyang County, Yunnan
Yuanyang County (simplified Chinese: 元阳县; traditional Chinese: 元陽縣; pinyin: Yuányáng Xiàn; Hani: Yeiqyaq) is located in Honghe Prefecture in southeastern Yunnan province, China, along the Red River. It is well known for its spectacular rice-paddy terracing. In 2013, part of the county formed the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage Site, the 45th World Heritage Site in China.
Araucárias Biological Reserve
The Araucárias Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica das Araucárias) is a biological reserve in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
It contains a sample of the Atlantic Forest biome, a remnant of the Araucária forest.

Biological reserve (Brazil)
A biological reserve (Portuguese: Reserva biológica, Rebio) in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area of Brazil, a conservation unit that aims for full preservation of biota and other natural attributes without human interference. It may be visited only with prior approval of the responsible agency, and only for research or educational purposes.
Yuka Nishigaki
Yuka Nishigaki (西墻 由香, Nishigaki Yuka; born September 3, 1982) is a Japanese voice actress from Tottori Prefecture. She is affiliated with Ken Production. Her husband is fellow voice actor Tsubasa Yonaga.

Inazuma Eleven
Inazuma Eleven (イナズマイレブン, Inazuma Irebun; "Lightning Eleven") is a football themed media franchise created by Level-5. The franchise began with the release of Inazuma Eleven in 2008, with the game series selling over 8 million copies worldwide by 2016. In addition to video games, the franchise also includes a manga series and several anime television series and films. Most media in the franchise are not released in the Americas; exceptions include a Nintendo 3DS port of the original game, three of the anime series, and the latest game Inazuma Eleven: Victory Road.
Trolleybuses in Manchester
The trolleybus system in Manchester, England, opened on 1 March 1938 (1938-03-01), and gradually replaced certain routes of the Manchester tramway network. Manchester was a belated convert to trolleybuses having already started a programme of tram to diesel bus conversion in the mid-1930s and this, overall, continued to be the preferred option for tram conversion that was completed in 1949.

By the standards of the various now defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Manchester system was a large one, with a total of 9 routes, and a maximum fleet of 189 trolleybuses.  It closed on 31 December 1966 (1966-12-31).

Manchester's trolleybuses were also on certain routes jointly operated with the Ashton-under-Lyne trolleybus system, between 1925 and 1966.

Two former Manchester trolleybuses are preserved, one at the Greater Manchester Transport Museum, Cheetham Hill, and another at the Trolleybus Museum in Sandtoft, Lincolnshire.

The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft
The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire.
Bahman Farmanara
Bahman Farmanara (Persian: بهمن فرمان‌آرا, romanized: Bahman Farmānārā; born 23 January 1942) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is best known for his films Smell of Camphor, Scent of Jasmine (2000), A House Built on Water (2001), and A Little Kiss (2005). Bahman Farmanara is the second son of a family of four brothers and one sister. The family business was Textile and he was the only son who did not join the company and went off to the United Kingdom and later on to the United States to study acting and directing. He graduated from the University of Southern California with a BA in Cinema in 1966. After returning to Iran and doing military service, he joined the National Iranian Radio and Television.

Chess of the Wind
Chess of the Wind (Persian: شطرنج باد, romanized: Shatranj-e Baad), also titled The Chess Game of the Wind, is a 1976 Iranian film written and directed by Mohammad Reza Aslani. The film was screened only once before the 1979 revolution in Iran and was roundly condemned by film critics for its violence and homosexual themes, leading to an official ban by the Iranian government. The negative and all prints were thought to have been destroyed. The film negative was rediscovered by the director's children 38 years later in 2014, for sale in a Tehran junk shop. After an extensive restoration the film was re-released in 2020 to wide acclaim.
Arun Rural Municipality
Arun (Nepali: अरुण) is one of seven rural municipalities (गाउँपालिका) of Bhojpur District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 9 municipalities in Bhojpur of which 2 are urban and 7 are rural.

According to MoFALD Arun has an area of 154.76 square kilometres (59.75 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 17, 687 as of Census of Nepal 2011. Champe, Yangpang, Pyauli, Charambi, Jarayotar and Yaku VDCs were merged to form Arun Rural Municipality. Pyauli is the Headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality.

Jarayotar, Bhojpur
Jarayotar is a Village Development Committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. According to the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 4,031 across 721 households. Local tradition suggests that the area was once a dense forest inhabited by numerous animals, including abundant antelope (known as "Jarayo" in Nepali). Over time, the land was cleared, forming plains. The village's name, Jarayotar, is believed to derive from this history.
2024 Rwanda Challenger
The 2024 Rwanda Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Kigali, Rwanda, between 26 February and 2 March 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Daejeon Korail FC
Daejeon Korail FC (Korean: 대전 코레일 FC) is a South Korean football club based in Daejeon that competes in the K3 League, the third tier of South Korean football league system. It is owned and operated by Korea Railroad Corporation, South Korea's national railroad operator. Their home venue is Daejeon Hanbat Sports Complex.

2019 Korean FA Cup
The 2019 Korean FA Cup, known as the 2019 KEB Hana Bank FA Cup, was the 24th edition of the Korean FA Cup.

Daegu FC were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Gyeongnam FC. Suwon Samsung Bluewings qualified for the group stage of the 2020 AFC Champions League after becoming eventual champions.
Finite extensions of local fields
In algebraic number theory, through completion, the study of ramification of a prime ideal can often be reduced to the case of local fields where a more detailed analysis can be carried out with the aid of tools such as ramification groups.

In this article, a local field is non-archimedean and has finite residue field.

Algebraic number theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations.
Séainín Brennan
Séainín Brennan is a Northern Irish actress. She is known for various lead roles in TV, theatre and film. Brennan starred opposite Philip Glenister as Frances in Ronan Bennett's political conspiracy thriller Hidden, a role which saw her named Woman of the Year in the Arts by the Belfast Telegraph. She is recognized as one of the most notable stage actresses from Northern Ireland.

Lyric Theatre, Belfast
54°34′38″N 5°55′51″W﻿ / ﻿54.5773°N 5.9309°W﻿ / 54.5773; -5.9309
The Lyric Theatre, or simply The Lyric, is the principal, full-time producing theatre in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In January 2023 it won The Stage's Theatre of the Year award in recognition of "its programme...as well as for its online festival of skills development sessions... and the their work to attract under-represented audiences through LGBT+ productions, as well as for their extensive education and outreach programme."

The theatre's current Executive Producer is Jimmy Fay, previously the founder and Artistic Director of Bedrock Productions.
Mike Collins (comics)
Mike Collins is an English comic book artist and writer who has worked in the comics industry since the mid-1980s. He's worked on projects by major comic book studios such as Marvel Comics and DC Comics.

Tharg's Future Shocks
Tharg's Future Shocks is a long-running series of short strips appearing in the British weekly comic 2000 AD since 1977.  The name originates from the fictional editor of 2000 AD and the book titled Future Shock, written by Alvin Toffler, published in 1970.
Left-bank Ukraine
The Left-bank Ukraine is a historic region in north-central and central Ukraine. It is located on the left (east) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv and Poltava. as well as the eastern parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy, and the western part of Sumy.

Left-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Right-bank Ukraine to the southwest, Zaporizhzhia to the southeast, Sloboda Ukraine to the east, and Polesia and White Ruthenia to the north.

Largest cities are Kyiv (eastern part), Chernihiv, Poltava and Kremenchuk.

Zaporizhzhia (region)
Zaporizhzhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, pronounced [zɐpoˈr⁽ʲ⁾iʒːɐ] ⓘ) or Zaporozhzhia (Ukrainian: Запорожжя) is a historical region in south-central and eastern Ukraine below the Dnieper rapids (Ukrainian: Дніпрові пороги, romanized: Dniprovi porohy), hence the name, lit. "[territory] beyond the rapids".

From the 16th to the 18th centuries the Zaporizhzhia region functioned as semi-independent quasi-republican Cossack territory centred on the Zaporozhian Sich. Sometimes the region is referred to as Zaporozhian Sich as well. Zaporizhzhia corresponds to modern Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, major parts of Zaporizhzhia and Kirovohrad Oblasts, as well as parts of Kherson and Donetsk Oblasts of Ukraine.
Snack Masters (New Zealand TV series)
Snack Masters is a New Zealand cooking competition television show based on the BAFTA-nominated British series Snackmasters. Broadcast by TVNZ 2, it was hosted by Kim Crossman and Tom Sainsbury.

In December 2021, South Pacific Pictures announced that they were making the series for TVNZ, with production due to begin in early 2022.

The series premiered on 20 April 2022 on TVNZ 2, with eight episodes being screened. The series has been referred to as Snackmasters NZ, and also Snack Masters NZ; however, the broadcast episodes are titled Snack Masters.

A second series started airing from 23 May 2024.

Snackmasters
Snackmasters is a BAFTA-nominated British television programme, presented by Fred Sirieix and Jayde Adams, and produced by Optomen Television and Channel 4. The programme was broadcast on Channel 4 and streams on All 4.

The programme sees two professional chefs compete to recreate a brand-name snack or fast food item. The chefs present their replica snack to a panel of judges composed of workers involved with the manufacture of the snack, and the chef who is decided to have most faithfully recreated the snack wins the competition. During each episode, presenter Jayde Adams visits the factory that manufactures each snack, comparing how accurately the chefs are recreating the process.

Snackmasters was nominated for a BAFTA award in the Best Feature category at the 2020 British Academy Television Awards.

An Australian adaptation of the show was first broadcast in November 2021 on the Nine Network. A New Zealand adaptation premiered on TVNZ 2 in April 2022.
World Cyber Games 2010
The 2010 World Cyber Games (also known as WCG 2010) took place from September 30 to October 3, 2010, in the Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, US. The event hosted 450 competing players from 58 countries competing over prizes worth over $250,000.

World Cyber Games
The World Cyber Games (WCG) is an international esports competition with multi-game titles in which hundreds of esports athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions also known as Esports Olympics. WCG events attempt to emulate a traditional sporting tournament, such as the Olympic Games; events included an official opening ceremony, and players from various countries competing for gold, silver, and bronze medals. WCG are held every year in cities around the world. The WCG 2020 competition received nearly 650 million views worldwide.
Virginia Tech College of Architecture, Arts, and Design
The College of Architecture, Arts, and Design formerly the College of Architecture and Urban Studies at Virginia Tech consists of four schools, including the School of Architecture. Headquartered in Blacksburg, Virginia, the college also has sites in Alexandria, Virginia, and Riva San Vitale, Switzerland. Spread out among these three locations, the college consists of nearly 2,200 students, making it one of the largest schools of architecture in the nation.

Solar Decathlon Europe
The Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE) is an international student-based Competition that challenges collegiate Teams to design, build and operate highly efficient and innovative buildings powered by renewable energy. The winner of the Competition is the Team able to score the most points in 10 contests.

On Oct. 18, 2007, the Spanish and U.S. governments signed a memorandum of understanding in which the Spanish Ministry of Housing committed to organise and host a Solar Decathlon in Europe. The agreement was signed in Washington, D.C., next to the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid's Casa Solar during the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2007 Competition. The American signatory was Alexander A. Karsner, assistant secretary of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department of the U.S. Department of Energy, with Fernando Magro Fernández, undersecretary of housing of the Ministry of Housing representing the Spanish government.
Hedwig Kohn
Hedwig Kohn (5 April 1887 – 26 November 1964) was a physicist who was one of only three women (along Lise Meitner and Hertha Sponer) to obtain habilitation (the qualification for university teaching) in physics in Germany before World War II. Born in Breslau in the German Empire (now Wrocław, Poland), she was forced to leave Germany during the Nazi regime because she was Jewish. She continued her academic career in the United States, where she settled for the rest of her life.

University of North Carolina at Greensboro
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG or UNC Greensboro) is a public research university in Greensboro, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina system. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees.

The university offers over 100 undergraduate, 61 master's, and 26 doctoral programs. UNCG is also home to the Weatherspoon Art Museum.