hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Froude number
In continuum mechanics, the Froude number (Fr, after William Froude, /ˈfruːd/) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the flow inertia to the external force field (the latter in many applications simply due to gravity). The Froude number is based on the speed–length ratio which he defined as:

where u is the local flow velocity (in m/s), g is the local gravity field (in m/s2), and L is a characteristic length (in m).

The Froude number has some analogy with the Mach number. In theoretical fluid dynamics the Froude number is not frequently considered since usually the equations are considered in the high Froude limit of negligible external field, leading to homogeneous equations that preserve the mathematical aspects. For example, homogeneous Euler equations are conservation equations.
However, in naval architecture the Froude number is a significant figure used to determine the resistance of a partially submerged object moving through water.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Riachuelo Formation
The Riachuelo Formation is a geologic formation of the Early to Late Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Cenomanian) age in northeastern Brazil's Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. It is the first Formation of the Basin to contain sediments deposited under fully marine conditions. The formation is subdivided into three members: Angico, Taquari and Maruim.

The formation has provided fossils of ammonites, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, serpulids, equinoderms, ostracoids, radiolarians, lobsters and Crabs. Several fish species reported from the Santana Formation also occur in this formation, namely: Cladocyclus gardneri, Neoproscinetes penalvai, Notelops brama, Rhacolepis buccalis, Tharrhias araripis and Vinctifer comptoni. Santanichthys diasii is also reported from the Taquari Member of the Riachuelo Formation. Teeth and vertebrae of elasmobranchii have also been found in the formation.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
James Gadderar
James Gadderar (1655–1733) was a clergyman of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Previously a minister at Kilmaurs, he was consecrated a college bishop on 24 February 1712 by Bishop George Hickes (i.e. a bishop without a diocese.) In November 1721 he traveled to Aberdeen and acted as Bishop Archibald Campbell's vicar-depute. Gadderar supported the practice of primitive 'usages' in the diocese, which brought him into a dispute with the College of Bishops at Edinburgh. After the resignation of Bishop Archibald Campbell in 1725, he was made Bishop of Aberdeen, remaining there until his death.

Bishop of Aberdeen
The Bishop of Aberdeen (originally Bishop of Mortlach, in Latin Murthlacum) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Aberdeen, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics, whose first recorded bishop is an early 12th-century cleric named Nechtan. It appears that the episcopal seat had previously been at Mortlach (Mòrthlach), but was moved to Aberdeen during the reign of King David I of Scotland. The names of three bishops of Mortlach are known, the latter two of whom, "Donercius" and "Cormauch" (Cormac), by name only. The Bishop of Aberdeen broke communion with the Catholic Church after the Scottish Reformation.  Following the Revolution of 1688, the office was abolished in the Church of Scotland, but continued in the Scottish Episcopal Church. A Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen was recreated in 1878.
Book nook
A book nook or a bookshelf insert is a miniature diorama designed to fit between books on a shelf. They often depict a form of a street or similar setting in a theme from famous books. Book nook can also make a form of a 3D model. They are similar to bookends but are placed in the middle of the books rather than on the ends.

The idea seems to have originated in 2018 from a Japanese artist called Monde. The concept became popular on Reddit, with the r/booknooks subreddit going from zero to 7,900 members in just two days.

The model is usually inspired by a theme from a famous book, e.g. Harry Potter (like popular Diagon Alley). People can buy book nooks fully assembled, or create them on their own. There are book nook kits that enthusiasts can use as a starting point.

Diorama
A diorama is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes dioramas are enclosed in a glass showcase at a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies like military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling, or aircraft modeling.

In the United States around 1950 and onward, natural history dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled, or destroyed.
2024 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The 2024 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held from February 27 to March 3, 2024, at the Traverse City Curling Club in Traverse City, Michigan. The championship featured sixteen teams, split into two pools of eight teams. After a round-robin within each pool, the top three teams from each pool advanced to a single-elimination playoff bracket.

The winning pair of Becca and Matt Hamilton represented the United States at the 2024 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship in Östersund, Sweden, finishing in 10th place.

United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The United States Mixed Doubles Curling Championship is the national curling championship for mixed doubles curling in the United States. The winning team in the tournament represents the United States at that year's World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship.
2018 United States House of Representatives election in Montana
The 2018 United States House of Representatives election in Montana was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the U.S. representative from Montana's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.

League of Conservation Voters
The League of Conservation Voters (LCV) is an American environmental advocacy group. Through its affiliated super PAC, it is a major supporter of the Democratic Party. The organization pursues its goals through voter education, voter mobilization, and direct contributions to political candidates. LCV includes 29 state affiliates. LCV was founded in 1970 by environmentalist Marion Edey, with support from David Brower. The group's current president is Gene Karpinski. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has over two million members.

The LCV's affiliated super PAC spends money supporting Democratic candidates and opposing Republicans; it spent $120 million in 2024 in support of Kamala Harris and other Democrats. As a 501(c)(4) nonprofit, the LCV does not legally need to disclose its donors and can make unlimited contributions to super PACs.
Monomakh's Cap
Monomakh's Cap (Russian: шапка Мономаха, romanized: shapka Monomakha), also called the Golden Cap (Russian: шапка Золотая, romanized: shapka Zolotaya), is a chief relic of the Muscovite Grand Princes and Russian Tsars. It is a symbol-crown of the Russian autocracy, and is the oldest of the crowns currently exhibited at the Imperial treasury section of the Kremlin Armoury. Monomakh's Cap is an early 14th-century gold filigree skullcap composed of eight sectors, elaborately ornamented with a scrolled gold overlay, inlaid with precious stones (ruby and emerald) and pearls, and trimmed with sable. The cap is surmounted by a simple gold cross with pearls at each of the extremities.

Diamond Fund
The Diamond Fund (Russian: Алмазный фонд) is a unique collection of gems, jewelry and natural nuggets, which are stored and exhibited in the Kremlin Armoury in Russia. The Fund was opened in 1967 and its collection dates back to the Russian Crown treasury instituted by Emperor Peter I of Russia in 1719.
Street and Racing Technology
Street and Racing Technology (SRT) is an American badge of high-performance vehicles manufactured by Stellantis North America, mainly ones of the Dodge brand.

Origins of the badge date back to 1989 when a team known as "Team Viper" was organized to develop the Dodge Viper. It later merged with Team Prowler, the developers of the Plymouth Prowler, to become Specialty Vehicle Engineering (SVE). This was renamed Performance Vehicle Operations (PVO) from January 2002 until around 2004. Since all PVO vehicles used the SRT badge, the development team itself was renamed to SRT in 2004. SRT is used by vehicles of Dodge, Chrysler, and Jeep brands, including police models for Chrysler/FCA Fleet Division.

Chrysler Hemi engine
The Chrysler Hemi engine, known by the trademark Hemi or HEMI, is a series of high-performance American overhead valve V8 engines built by Chrysler with hemispherical combustion chambers. Three generations have been produced: the FirePower series (with displacements from 241 to 392 cu in (3.9 to 6.4 L) from 1951 until 1958; a 426 cu in (7.0 L) race and street engine from 1964 through 1971; and family of advanced Hemis (displacing between 5.7 and 6.4 L (348 and 391 cu in) since 2003.

Although Chrysler is most identified with "Hemi" as a marketing term, many other auto manufacturers have incorporated Hemispherical cylinder head designs.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Chrysler also applied the term Hemi to their Australian-made Hemi-6 Engine, and a 4-cylinder Mitsubishi 2.6 L engine installed in various North American market vehicles.
Jindřich Prucha
Jindřich Prucha (29 September 1886, Uherské Hradiště – 1 September 1914, in the Battle of Komarów) was a Czech landscape and portrait painter in the Fauvist and Expressionist styles. He was also an amateur violinist and sportsman.

Fauvism
Fauvism (/foʊvɪzəm/ FOH-viz-əm) is a style of painting and an art movement that emerged in France at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the style of les Fauves (French pronunciation: [le fov], the wild beasts), a group of modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1904 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few years, 1905–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were André Derain and Henri Matisse.
1998 Indy Lights season
The 1998 CART PPG/Dayton Indy Lights Championship consisted of 14 races. Future 2002 CART champion and Formula One driver Cristiano da Matta captured four wins on his way to the championship.

The scoring system was 20-16-14-12-10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 points awarded to the first 12 (twelve) finishers, with 1 (one) extra point given to the driver who took pole-position, and another extra point given to the driver who led most laps in the race.

Cristiano da Matta
Cristiano Monteiro da Matta (born 19 September 1973) is a Brazilian former professional racing driver. He won the CART Championship in 2002, and drove in Formula One with the Toyota team from 2003 to 2004.
Halkirk, Alberta
Halkirk is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the County of Paintearth No. 18. It was incorporated as a village prior to 2025. Halkirk is 122 kilometres (76 mi) east of Red Deer at the intersection of Highway 12 and Highway 855.

County of Paintearth No. 18
The County of Paintearth No. 18 is a municipal district in east central Alberta, Canada, located in Census Division No. 7. Its municipal office is located southeast of the Town of Castor near the intersection of Highway 12 and Highway 36.
Lypetska Poliana
Lypetska Poliana (Ukrainian and Rusyn: Ли́пе́цька Поля́на; Yiddish: פאליען-ליפשא; Hungarian: Lipcsemező) is a village in Khust Raion of Zakarpattia Oblast, part of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.

The center of the village council, located on the right bank of the river Rika is 22 km from the district center and the railway station Khust, on the highway Khust - Svalyava.  The roadway T0712 runs through the village.  This road connects with the M06 highway in Svaliava and the P21 highway near Khust.

The population at the 2001 census was 2,965 people.

Svaliava
Svaliava (Ukrainian: Свалява, IPA: [swɐˈlʲɑwɐ] ⓘ) is a city located on the Latorytsia River in Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It was the administrative center of the former Svaliava Raion (district) until its abolition in 2020, now it is located in Mukachevo Raion. Population: 17,068 (2022 estimate).
Grinkot
Grinkot is a village in Kasur District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kasur Tehsil and is located at 31°12'54N 74°28'30E with an altitude of 198 metres (652 feet). This village was formed by Sekhon family. Their ancestor was a soldier in British army and for his services toward British army he was allotted land in colonial India. The village was named after an English officer. After partition, the Sekhon family moved to India and got settled in Patti, several kilometres from Grinkot.

Kasur District
Kasur District is a district within the Lahore Division of Punjab, Pakistan. It was established on 1 July 1976; prior to its creation, the area comprised two tehsils (Kasur Tehsil and Chunian Tehsil) of Lahore District. According to the 2023 Pakistani census Kasur District had a population of 4,081,568 (4.8 million).

The district capital is Kasur city, the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, who is well known in that region as well as in the whole of Pakistan. The total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres.

There is a DHQ hospital in Kasur city which has been recently named as Bulleh Shah Hospital. There is a THQ Hospital in each of its tehsils. Apart from main hospitals, there are 12 rural health centers and 82 basic health units in Kasur district.
Tadasana
Tadasana (Sanskrit: ताड़ासन, romanized: Tāḍāsana), Mountain pose or Samasthiti (Sanskrit: समस्थिति; IAST: samasthitiḥ) is a standing asana in modern yoga as exercise; it is not described in medieval hatha yoga texts. It is the basis for several other standing asanas.

Drishti (yoga)
Drishti (Sanskrit: दृष्टि, romanized: dṛṣṭi, pronounced [d̪r̩ʂʈɪ], "focused gaze") is a means for developing concentrated intention. It relates to the fifth limb of yoga, pratyahara, concerning sense withdrawal,  as well as the sixth limb, dharana, relating to concentration.

In Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, each asana is associated with one of the 8 focused gazes, namely Angusthamadhye (thumb), Bhrumadhye (eyebrow), Nasagre (tip of nose), Hastagrahe (tips of hands), Parshva (side), Urdhva (up), Nabhicakre (navel), and Padayoragre (tips of feet) Drishtis. In some other styles such as Sivananda Yoga, less use is made of the gaze, and fewer types are employed.
Saltley railway station
Saltley railway station was a railway station in Saltley, Birmingham, England, opened by the Midland Railway in 1854 and rebuilt in 1899.

Consisting of an island platform, it was on the line into Birmingham New Street from Water Orton. It closed to all traffic in 1968.

Water Orton railway station
Water Orton railway station serves the village of Water Orton in Warwickshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail, and managed by West Midlands Railway. However, no West Midlands Trains stop there; it is only served by CrossCountry services.
Nantclwyd Hall
Nantclwyd Hall is a 17th-century Grade II* listed mansion near the village of Llanelidan, Denbighshire, Wales, built by the Parry family, and rebuilt by Eubule Thelwall (c. 1622–95) and his wife Mary Parry, the heiress of the estate.

Grade II* listed buildings in Denbighshire
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade II* structures are those considered to be "particularly important buildings of more than special interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with Cadw.
Avicephala
Avicephala ("bird heads") is a potentially polyphyletic grouping of extinct diapsid reptiles that lived during the Late Permian and Triassic periods characterised by superficially bird-like skulls and arboreal lifestyles. As a clade, Avicephala is defined as including the gliding weigeltisaurids and the arboreal drepanosaurs to the exclusion of other major diapsid groups. This relationship is not recovered in the majority of phylogenetic analyses of early diapsids and so Avicephala is typically regarded as an artificial or unnatural grouping. However, the clade was recovered again in 2021 following a redescription of Weigeltisaurus, raising the possibility that the clade may be valid after all, although subsequent analyses have not supported this result.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
Sharm El Sheikh International Airport
Sharm El Sheikh International Airport (Arabic: مطار شرم الشيخ الدولي Maṭār Sharm El Sheikh El Dawli) (IATA: SSH, ICAO: HESH) is an international airport located in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. It is the third-busiest airport in Egypt after Cairo International Airport and Hurghada International Airport and one of the busiest airports in the Middle East. Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport has two main passenger terminals, with the larger terminal, handling most international flights, and the other terminal, which is primarily used for domestic flights.

Hurghada International Airport
Hurghada International Airport (IATA: HRG, ICAO: HEGN) is the international airport of Hurghada in Egypt. It is located inland, 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of El Dahar, the city centre of Hurghada. It is the second busiest airport in Egypt after Cairo International Airport, the 19th busiest airport in the Middle East as well as being the 6th busiest airport in Africa.
Maszoperia
Maszoperia (Kashubian: maszoperëjô; from Dutch: maatschappij, meaning company or society, plural: maszoperie) was a socio-economic organisation of coastal Kashubian fishermen, especially from Kashubian villages on the Hel Peninsula (Chałupy, Kuźnica, Jastarnia).

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
2014 IIHF U18 Women's World Championship
The 2014 IIHF U18 Women's World Championships was the seventh IIHF U18 Women's World Championship. Organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the ice hockey tournament was played at two rinks of the Jégpalota (lit. 'Ice Palace'; called 'Icecenter' in IIHF documents) in Budapest, Hungary, from 23 to 30 March 2014.

IIHF U18 Women's World Championship
The IIHF U18 Women's World Championship, officially the IIHF Ice Hockey U18 Women's World Championship, is an annual ice hockey tournament for national women's under-18 (U18) ice hockey teams, administered by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is the junior edition of the IIHF Women's World Championship and participation is limited to female ice hockey players under 18 years of age.
Ejigbo, Lagos
6°33′07″N 3°18′25″E﻿ / ﻿6.552°N 3.307°E﻿ / 6.552; 3.307

Ejigbo-Lagos is a suburb of the city of Lagos, in Lagos State, Nigeria a Local Council Development Area (LCDA) within the Oshodi-Isolo local government area.
In 2009, the Executive Chairman was the Hon. Kehinde Bamigbetan.
The newly elected Chairman of Ejigbo LCDA is Hon. Monsuru Oloyede Bello (Obe). He was elected in July 2017.

Oshodi-Isolo
Oshodi-IsoloListenⓘ (Yoruba: Oṣòdì-Ìsọlọ̀) is a Local Government Area (LGA) within Lagos State. It was formed by the second republic Governor of Lagos State, Alhaji Lateef Kayode Jakande, also known as 'Baba Kekere', and the first Executive Chairman of the Local Government was the late Sir Isaac Ademolu Banjoko. The LGA is part of the Ikeja Division of Lagos State, Nigeria. At the 2006 Census it had a population of 621,509 people, and an area of 45 square kilometers. On 1 August 2021, Honourable Kehinde Oloyede Al-Maroof was elected for a first term into office as the Executive Chairman.
Southern Illinois chowder
Southern Illinois chowder is a thick stew or soup, very different from the New England and Manhattan chowders. In Edwards County, Illinois, it refers to both the food and to the social gathering at which it is prepared and served. It is believed to have been brought to the area by the earliest settlers, or "backwoodsmen". Traditionally, the chowder time season commences when the first tomatoes ripen and closes with the first heavy frost.  Possibly brought from Virginia and the Carolina's as their version is called Brunswick Stew.

Albion, Illinois
Albion is a city in and the county seat of Edwards County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,971 at the 2020 census. The city was named "Albion" after an ancient and poetic reference to the island of Great Britain.