hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights in the United Kingdom
Human rights in the United Kingdom concern the fundamental rights in law of every person in the United Kingdom. An integral part of the UK constitution, human rights derive from common law, from statutes such as Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Human Rights Act 1998, from membership of the Council of Europe, and from international law.

Codification of human rights is recent, but the UK law had one of the world's longest human rights traditions. Today the main source of jurisprudence is the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic litigation.

Workfare in the United Kingdom
Workfare in the United Kingdom is a system of welfare regulations put into effect by UK governments at various times. Individuals subject to workfare must undertake work in return for their welfare benefit payments or risk losing them. Workfare policies are politically controversial. Supporters claim that such policies help people move off welfare and into employment whereas critics argue that they are analogous to slavery or indentured servitude and counterproductive in decreasing unemployment.
James Richardson & Sons
James Richardson & Sons Limited (JRSL) is a privately-held corporation in Canada that is involved in several industries including agriculture (international grain trade, agribusiness, agri-food), energy, real estate, financial services, investments, and transportation.

Headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, its subsidiaries include Richardson International, which owns Richardson Pioneer, Richardson Oilseed, and Richardson Milling; Richardson Centre Ltd; Kingston Midstream; RF Capital Group, which includes Richardson Wealth; Bison Transport; Tundra Oil & Gas; and Wynward Insurance, as well as its philanthropic arm, the Richardson Foundation.

Founded in 1857 by the eponymous James Richardson, it is the heart of the Richardson family dynasty.

Charitable organization (Canada)
A charitable organization in Canada is regulated under the Canadian Income Tax Act through the Charities Directorate of the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA).

There are more than 85,600 registered charities in Canada. The charitable sector employs over 2 million people and accounts for about 7% of the GDP of Canada.  Registered charities are registered under the Income Tax Act as either a "charitable organization", "public foundation" or "private foundation".  Although these distinctions were more important in the past, there are now few practical differences between the three types of registered charities.
Manhattan Village Academy
Manhattan Village Academy (MVA) is a small, public high school located in the Flatiron District, New York City. It consists of grades 9–12 with an enrollment of 461 students. The school is part of the New York City Department of Education. The school was founded by veteran educator Mary Butz in 1993. The administration is currently headed by principal Christina White.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Hired armed ship Harlequin
His Majesty's hired armed ship Harlequin served the British Royal Navy from 2 July 1804, until she was wrecked on 7 December 1809. She was of 18537⁄94 tons (bm), and she carried an armament of ten 6-pounder guns, eight 12-pounder carronades, and two swivel guns. During her service with the Royal Navy Harlequin captured a number of prizes. In 1809, she was wrecked near Newhaven as she was escorting a convoy in the Channel.

Hired armed vessels
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy made use of a large number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Royal Navy used for duties ranging from carrying despatches and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.
Musée de la Serrure
The Musée de la Serrure, also known as the Musée de la Serrurerie or the Musée Bricard, was a private museum of locks and keys located in the 3rd arrondissement at 1 rue de la Perle, Paris, France. The museum closed in 2003.

The museum was established by the Bricard Company, and was located within the Hôtel Libéral Bruant (1685), the home of Libéral Bruant (1635-1697), Parisian architect of Les Invalides. It was dedicated to the art of keys, locks, and door knockers, and displayed an assortment of locks from Roman times to the present, including keys made of bronze and in Gallo-Roman iron, knockers from the Middle Ages, and locks and keys from the 16th through 19th centuries. The museum also had a locksmith's workshop, plus displays of ironworks.

Door knocker
A door knocker is an item of door furniture that allows people outside a house or other dwelling or building to alert those inside to their presence.  A door knocker has a part fixed to the door, and a part (usually metal) which is attached to the door by a hinge, and may be lifted and used to strike a plate fitted to the door, or the door itself, making a noise. The struck plate, if present, would be supplied and fitted with the knocker. Door knockers are often ornate, but may be no more than a simple fitting with a metal bob, or ring.
David Wurmser
David Wurmser is an American foreign policy specialist. He served as Middle East Adviser to former US Vice President Dick Cheney, as special assistant to John R. Bolton at the State Department and as a research fellow on the Middle East at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI). He served in the U.S. Navy Reserve as an intelligence officer at the rank of Lieutenant Commander.

American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.
Hendrik Prinsloo
Hendrik Frederik Prinsloo (18 August 1890 – 20 November 1966) was a South African army officer. As a 12-year-old boy, he was interned by the British in a concentration camp during the Anglo-Boer War but served alongside the British in the South African forces during the two World Wars. He is best remembered for the humanitarian manner in which he, as commandant, ran the Zonderwater Italian prisoner of war camp.

Boer commando
The Boer Commandos  or "Kommandos" were volunteer military units of guerrilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. From this came the term "commando" into the English language during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902 as per Costica Andrew.
Takafumi Otsuka
Takafumi Otsuka Japanese: 大塚隆史 (born August 22, 1986) is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the bantamweight, featherweight and lightweight division. A professional mixed martial artist since 2006, Otsuka is a two-time DEEP Bantamweight Champion and a one-time DEEP Featherweight Champion.

2021 in Rizin Fighting Federation
The year 2021 was the seventh year in the history of the Rizin Fighting Federation, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. Rizin events are broadcast through a television agreement with Fuji Television. In North America and Europe, Rizin events are available via PPV on LIVENow.
Marco Bragadino
Marco Bragadino or Marco Bragadini (c. 1545 – 26 April 1591) was a Venetian confidence man who claimed to be an alchemist. His name at birth is said to have been Mamugna but he impersonated the son of the dead military officer Marco Antonio Bragadin.  He convinced the government of Venice to finance his research into producing gold from base metals.

Marco Antonio Bragadin
Marco Antonio Bragadin, also Marcantonio Bragadin (21 April 1523 – 17 August 1571), was a Venetian lawyer and military officer of the Republic of Venice.

Bragadin joined the Fanti da Mar Corps or marines of the Republic of Venice. In 1569, he was appointed Captain-General of Famagusta in Cyprus and led the Venetian resistance to the Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573). He was executed by flaying in August 1571 in contravention of negotiated safe passage after the Ottoman Empire took Famagusta, the fall of which signalled the end of Western presence in the Mediterranean island for the next three centuries.
Curlew Island (Gulf Islands)
Curlew Island is a small island in the southern Gulf Islands, located in the Strait of Georgia between Mayne Island and Samuel Island in British Columbia, Canada. It was presumably named after the British sloop HMS Curlew.

Mayne Island
Mayne Island is a 21-square-kilometre (8.1 mi2) island in the southern Gulf Islands chain of British Columbia. It is midway between the Lower Mainland of BC and Vancouver Island, and has a population of over 1300. Mount Parke in the south-central heart of the island is its highest peak at 255 metres (837 feet).
Geometric finiteness
In geometry, a group of isometries of hyperbolic space  is called geometrically finite if it has a well-behaved fundamental domain.  A hyperbolic manifold is called geometrically finite if it can be described in terms of geometrically finite groups.

Hyperbolic manifold
In mathematics, a hyperbolic manifold is a space where every point looks locally like hyperbolic space of some dimension. They are especially studied in dimensions 2 and 3, where they are called hyperbolic surfaces and hyperbolic 3-manifolds, respectively. In these dimensions, they are important because most manifolds can be made into a hyperbolic manifold by a homeomorphism. This is a consequence of the uniformization theorem for surfaces and the geometrization theorem for 3-manifolds proved by Perelman.
2007 Patriot League baseball tournament
The 2007 Patriot League baseball tournament was held on May 13 and 14, 2007 to determine the champion of the Patriot League for baseball for the 2007 NCAA Division I baseball season.  The event matched the top three finishers of the six team league in a double-elimination tournament.  Top seeded Lafayette won their first championship and claimed the Patriot's automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  Mike Raible of Lafayette was named Tournament Most Valuable Player.

Patriot League baseball tournament
The Patriot League baseball tournament is the conference baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Patriot League.  The top four finishers in the regular season of the conference's six teams advance to the best of three championship series, with each series hosted by the higher seeded team.  The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth to the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.
Christopher Gregorie
The Venerable Christopher Gregorie  was an Anglican priest in the late 16th century.

Gregorie was born in Warwickshire and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was incorporated at Cambridge in 1579. Gregorie held livings at Cromwell, Kirby Misperton and Scrayingham. Hooke was Archdeacon of York from 1597 until his death in 1600.

Archdeacon of York
The Archdeacon of York (or of the West Riding) is a senior clergy position in an archdeaconry subdivision of the Church of England Diocese of York in the Province of York. It is named for the City of York and consists of the seven rural deaneries of Derwent, Easingwold, New Ainsty, Selby, Southern Ryedale, South Wold and York.
Rhododendron discolor
Rhododendron discolor (喇叭杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to many regions of China, where it grows at altitudes of 900–1,900 m (3,000–6,200 ft). It is a shrub or small tree that grows to 1.5–8 m (4.9–26.2 ft) in height, with leathery leaves that are oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, and 9.5–18 cm (3.7–7.1 in) × 2.4–5.4 cm (0.94–2.13 in) in size. The flowers are pale pink to white. According to Flora of China, "Rhododendron discolor intergrades with R. fortunei, and can reliably be separated from that species only by the proportionately narrower leaves."

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly
Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Fondeur (22 August 1904 – 28 December 1979) was a Dominican politician, lawyer, scholar, diplomat who served as the 42nd president of the Dominican Republic from 1962 until 1963. Previously, he was the 25th vice president under President Joaquín Balaguer from 1960 to 1962.

Vice President of the Dominican Republic
The vice president of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Vicepresidente de la República Dominicana) is the second-highest political position in the Dominican Republic. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, ascending to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. There have been thirty-nine vice presidents of the Dominican Republic. Under the Constitution of the Dominican Republic, the vice president shall be elected along with the president.

Since the independence of the Dominican Republic in 1844 until 1865, what is considered the First Republic, there were no constitutional vice presidents. Yet, during that time there were acting vice presidents; this was under the rule of Pedro Santana.
2019 CECAFA Women's Championship
The 2019 CECAFA Women's Championship was the fourth edition of the association football tournament for women's national teams in the East African region.

It was held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between 16 and 25 November 2019. Kenya won the tournament with a 2–0 win over Tanzania in the final.

CECAFA Women's Championship
The CECAFA Women's Championship, also called Women's Challenge Cup, is an association football tournament for teams from Eastern Africa organized by Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA).
Sarfaq
Sarfaq is a former settlement in the Upernavik Archipelago region of northwestern Greenland. It was located on Qallunaat Island, an island in Tasiusaq Bay, in the north-central part of the archipelago. The village was perched near the eastern cape of the island, on the shores of Kangerlussuaq Icefjord. The settlement was abandoned in 1919.

Upernavik Archipelago
Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°N 56.000°W﻿ / 71.833; -56.000 to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W﻿ / ﻿74.833°N 57.500°W﻿ / 74.833; -57.500.
Alume
Alume (Acjachemen: "raising the head in looking upward") was a large Acjachemen village located at the foot of Santiago Peak, upstream from the village of Putiidhem, within what is now O'Neill Regional Park near the Trabuco Adobe, which was built in 1810 as an outpost of Mission San Juan Capistrano. The village was also recorded as Alaugna and as El Trabuco in San Juan Capistrano mission records, and is also referred to as Alauna, Aluna, and Alona. The village was also acknowledged by the Payómkawichum.

Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Juan Capistrano (Spanish: Misión San Juan Capistrano) is a Spanish mission in San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Founded November 1, 1776 in colonial Las Californias by Spanish Catholic missionaries of the Franciscan Order, it was named for Saint John of Capistrano. The Spanish Colonial Baroque style church was located in the Alta California province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Mission was founded less than 60 yards from the village of Acjacheme. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and returned to the Roman Catholic Church by the United States government in 1865. The Mission was damaged over the years by a number of natural disasters, but restoration and renovation efforts date from around 1910. It functions today as a museum.
BulPosCor
The Bulgarian Part of Speech-annotated Corpus (BulPosCor) (in Bulgarian: Български Пос анотиран корпус (БулПосКор)) is a morphologically annotated general monolingual corpus of written language where each item in a text is assigned a grammatical tag. BulPosCor is created by the Department of Computational Linguistics at the Institute for Bulgarian Language of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and consists of 174 697 lexical items.
BulPosCor has been compiled from the Structured "Brown" Corpus of Bulgarian by sampling 300+ word-excerpts (expanded to sentence boundary) from the original BCB files in such a way as to preserve the BCB overall structure. The annotation process consists of a primary stage of automatically assigning tags from the Bulgarian Grammar Dictionary and a stage of manual resolving of morphological ambiguities. The disambiguated corpus consists of 174,697 lexical units.

Institute for Bulgarian Language
The Institute for Bulgarian Language (in Bulgarian: Институт за български език, romanized: Institut za bulgarski ezik) is the language regulator of the Bulgarian language. It was created on 15 May 1942, and is based in Sofia, Bulgaria.  The institute develops a Bulgarian national dictionary, publishes magazines on linguistic research, and offers courses, including a PhD programme. It is part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Daniel Manz
Daniel Manz (born September 12, 1987 in Kempten im Allgäu, Bavaria) is a German taekwondo practitioner. He won a silver medal for the 68 kg division at the 2008 European Taekwondo Championships in Rome, Italy. Manz is also the husband of two-time Olympic taekwondo jin Sümeyye Gülec.

Manz qualified for the men's 68 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, after placing second from the European Qualification Tournament in Istanbul, Turkey. He defeated Kyrgyzstan's Rasul Abduraim in the preliminary round of sixteen, before losing out the quarterfinal match to U.S. taekwondo jin Mark López, with a score of 1–3. Because his opponent advanced further into the final match, Manz took advantage of the repechage round by defeating Afghanistan's Nesar Ahmad Bahave. He progressed to the bronze medal match, but narrowly lost the medal to Chinese Taipei's Sung Yu-Chi, with a sudden death score of 3–4.

Mark López (taekwondo)
Mark López Mendieta is an American taekwondo practitioner. Mark represented the United States in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. He advanced to the men's -68 kg Gold Medal Match where he lost to Korea's Tae-Jin Son on a last second hit, giving him the silver medal.
Along with his brother Steven and his sister Diana, he won a gold medal at the 2005 World Taekwondo Championships.

He is the younger brother of Olympic gold medalist Steven López and their Taekwondo coach Jean Lopez and older brother of Olympian Diana López and is married to Dagmar López.
Mukhina Gully
Mukhina Gully (Russian: Мухина балка, Mukhina balka, Малый лог, Maly Log) is a protected nature reserve of regional importance, situated in the city of Aksay, Rostov Oblast, Russia. The gully is a steep ravine in the eastern Aksay, the slopes of which are covered with forest. Most of the gully's territory is occupied by swamps. The reserve also hosts Aksay Military History Museum with an open-air exhibition of military equipment and a bunker constructed in the 1960s.

Aksay, Rostov Oblast
Aksay (Russian: Аксай) is a town and the administrative center of Aksaysky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Don River, 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  41,969 (2010 Census); 38,012 (2002 Census); 33,389 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Ust-Aksayskaya (until 1791), Aksayskaya (until 1957).
GMD SW1200MG
The GMD SW1200MG is a 4-axle electric locomotive built by General Motors Diesel between 1963 and 1971. The locomotive is the electric version of the diesel powered SW1200, with the prime mover replaced by a motor-generator set, hence the MG suffix in the model number.

Locomotives run under 2400V 60 Hz, in automatic control without driver. The difference with SW1200 is that a single-phase electric motor is provided in place of the diesel engine, with adapted control.

Nine examples of this locomotive were built for a single Canadian customer – Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC).

General Motors Diesel
General Motors Diesel was a railway diesel locomotive manufacturer located in London, Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1949 as the Canadian subsidiary of the Electro-Motive Diesel division of General Motors (EMD). In 1969 it was re-organized as the "Diesel Division of General Motors of Canada, Ltd." The plant was re-purposed to include manufacture of other diesel-powered General Motors vehicles such as buses. Following the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1989, all of EMD's locomotives were built at the London facility. In 2005 new owners of EMD renamed the Canadian subsidiary "Electro-Motive Canada". The plant was closed by EMD's new owner Progress Rail in 2012, with EMD's production remaining in LaGrange, Illinois and Muncie, Indiana.
LibreCMC
LibreCMC is a GNU/Linux-libre distribution for computers with minimal resources, such as the Ben NanoNote, ath9k-based Wi-Fi routers, and other hardware with emphasis on free software. Based on OpenWrt, the project's goal is to aim for compliance with the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) and ensure that the project continues to meet these requirements set forth by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). LibreCMC does not support ac (Wi-Fi 5) or ax (Wi-Fi 6) due to a lack of free chipsets.

As of 2020, releases do not utilize codenames anymore. The acronym "CMC" in the libreCMC name stands for "Concurrent Machine Cluster".

Ben NanoNote
The Ben NanoNote (officially the 本 NanoNote) is a pocket computer using the Linux-based OpenWrt operating system. An open-source hardware device developed by Qi Hardware, it has been called possibly "the world's smallest Linux laptop for the traditional definition of the word." The device is also notable for being one of the first on the market made of entirely copyleft hardware.

The computer takes its name from the Chinese character běn (本), translated as "an origin or the beginning place."