hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitehorse Formation (Canada)
The Whitehorse Formation is a geologic formation of Late Triassic age. It is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in western Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. It was first described as a member of the Spray River Formation by P.S. Warren in 1945, who named it for Whitehorse Creek, a tributary of the McLeod River south of Cadomin, Alberta. It was later raised to formation status.

Marine fossils from the Late Triassic epoch including crinoids, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, have been found in the Whitehorse Formation.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
2011 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The 2011 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 114th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.

Coolderry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 October 2011 at O'Connor Park in Tullamore, between Coolderry and Birr, in what was their sixth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in the final in five years. Coolderry won the match by 2–14 to 0–16 to claim their 29th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
2019 London Broncos season
The 2019 London Broncos season was the 40th in the club's history and their first season back in the Super League. Competing in Super League XXIV, the club was coached by Danny Ward, finishing in 12th place and reaching the Fourth Round of the 2019 Challenge Cup. They were relegated on points difference on the final day of the season.

It was their fourth at the Trailfinders Sports Ground, competing in the Super League for the first time since 2014. Danny Ward was assisted by former England and Great Britain international, Jamie Langley for the second consecutive season, and picked Jay Pitts as captain for a second campaign.

Jay Pitts
Jay Pitts (born 9 December 1989) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row or loose forward for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League.

He previously played for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Leeds Rhinos, Hull FC and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, and the London Broncos in the Championship and the top flight.
Polonaises, Op. 71 (Chopin)
The three Polonaises, Op. 71 were composed by Frédéric Chopin in his earlier days.

After the death of the composer, Julian Fontana had made up their summaries and publications. These works were published in 1855, and are now often designated as Nos. 8, 9 & 10 in the order below, continuing the numbering system followed by the seven polonaises published during the composer's lifetime.

The three polonaises are

Allegro maestoso in D minor, WN 11 (1825–27)

Allegro moderato in B♭ major, WN 17 (1829)

Allegro moderato in F minor, WN 12 (1826–28)

Like most of Chopin's polonaises, they are in ternary form.

D minor
D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B♭, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.

The D natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Joseph F. Rychlak
Joseph Frank Rychlak (/ˈrɪʃlɒk/; December 17, 1928 – April 16, 2013) was an American psychologist well known for his work with theoretical and philosophical psychology. He developed a theoretical stance known as "Rigorous Humanism." This term refers to Rychlak's argument that psychology with ecological validity should be directed toward issues that are relevant to our lives.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Fenton, South Kesteven
Fenton is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 14 miles (23 km) south-west from the city and county town of Lincoln, 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east from the village of Claypole and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south from the A17 road.

Fenton Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to All Saints. It has a crocketed spire and is mainly of Perpendicular and Decorated style, but retains a Norman north arcade. The chancel was rebuilt in 1838 and restored in 1875.

South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. Its council is based in Grantham. The district also includes the towns of Bourne, Market Deeping and Stamford, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, South Holland to the east, the City of Peterborough and North Northamptonshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, the Melton district of Leicestershire to the west, and the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire to the north-west.
Oxossia capitata
Oxossia capitata is a shrub native to the wet tropics of southern Brazil. It was previously classified as Turnera, however, recent phylogenetic analyses suggested the species should be placed in Oxossia. O. capitata has heterostylous white pointed flowers.

Oxossia
Oxossia is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Turneroideae (Passifloraceae) consisting of 15 species. This genus was recently defined in 2019 after a phylogenetic analysis of Turnera justified the creation of the genus.
The Wire season 5
The fifth and final season of the television series The Wire commenced airing in the United States on January 6, 2008, and concluded on March 9, 2008; it was the show's shortest season with 10 episodes. The series introduced a fictionalized version of the Baltimore Sun newsroom, while continuing to follow the Baltimore police department and city hall, and the Stanfield crime syndicate.

The fifth season aired on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States. The season was released on DVD as a four-disc boxed set under the title of The Wire: The Complete Fifth Season on August 12, 2008 by HBO Video.

Chris Partlow
Christopher "Chris" Partlow is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Gbenga Akinnagbe. Chris is Marlo Stanfield's second-in-command, main enforcer, and bodyguard in his drug dealing operation. He is a minor antagonist for season 3 and the secondary antagonist in season 4 and 5 along with Felicia "Snoop" Pearson. Despite Chris's quiet demeanor he commits more murders, both on-screen and off-screen, than any other character. Although a ruthless killer, he   shows genuine care towards the soldiers under his command, especially Michael Lee, whom he takes under his wing as a protégé.
Northeast Express Regional Airlines
Northeast Express Regional Airlines was a regional airline based in Manchester, New Hampshire. Originally an independent commuter airline in Maine, it was bought by Bar Harbor Airlines and later as part of Eastern Express and Northwest Airlink before being liquidated in 1995.

Frenchville, Maine
Frenchville is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,052 at the 2020 census.

According to the most recent American Community Survey data, up to 43.3% of the population age 5 and older speak French at home, aided by its proximity to French-speaking Quebec and New Brunswick in Canada. Among younger generations, English and "Valley French," a combination of English and French, are preferred.

The town is home to the general aviation airport Northern Aroostook Regional Airport, Frenchville Railroad Station and Water Tank, and Corriveau Mill.
Raymond Garrett
Sir Raymond William Garrett, AFC, AE (19 October 1900 – 12 October 1994) was an Australian pilot, military officer, photographer, and politician. A member of the Liberal Party, Garrett served on the Victorian Legislative Council for eighteen years, and was knighted in 1973.

RAAF Williams
RAAF Williams (ICAO: YMPC) is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) military air base set across two locations, at Point Cook and Laverton, located approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-west of the Melbourne central business district in Victoria, Australia. Both establishments previously existed as separate RAAF Bases (RAAF Base Point Cook and RAAF Base Laverton) until 1989 when they were amalgamated to form RAAF Williams. The name was chosen in honour of Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams, the 'father' of the RAAF.

RAAF Williams, Point Cook is the birthplace of the Royal Australian Air Force and is the oldest continually operating military airfield in the world. Since 1994, RAAF Williams (Point Cook) has been the home of RMIT Flight Training.
Vasile Ursu
Vasile Ursu (born 1 August 1948) is a Moldovan engineer and politician, MP at the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1990-1994, acting interim general mayor of Chișinău in 2005-2007 and minister of transport and road management for 2007-2008. In 2008-2009 he held the position of Deputy Minister of Construction and Territory Development.

Vasile Ursu is one of the 278 delegates of the first parliament of the former Moldovan SSR (later known as the Republic of Moldova), who voted the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova on 27 August 1991.

Mayor of Chișinău
The Mayor of Chișinău, officially the General Mayor of the Municipality of Chișinău (Romanian: Primar general al municipiul Chișinău), is the head of the executive branch of Chișinău's government and a member of the city's Municipal Council.
Yamaha YE01
The Yamaha YE-01 Racing Concept is an electric motocross prototype developed by Yamaha Motor Company in cooperation with French manufacturer Electric Motion SAS. It was unveiled at the 2025 EICMA show in Milan as part of Yamaha’s strategy to enter future electric motocross competition categories.

Yamaha YZ450F
The Yamaha YZ450F is a four-stroke racing motocross bike built by Yamaha Motor Corporation. It was the successor to the previous YZ426F which was discontinued in 2003. It is credited by Cycle World and Dirt Rider magazines as the bike that started the four-stroke dirt bike revolution.

The 2006 YZ250F and YZ450F were the first production motorcycles equipped with titanium suspension springs.

The WR450F is the enduro version of the YZ450F.
19th Light Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 19th Brigade is an Army Reserve formation of the British Army. As the 19th Infantry Brigade, it fought in the First and Second World War.

The formation became 19th Light Brigade in 2005, and moved to Northern Ireland following the end of Operation Banner and "normalisation" of British military operations in the province. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR), the brigade entered suspended animation in March 2013. As part of the Future Soldier reform, the brigade was reactivated in 2022.

Royal Anglian Regiment
The Royal Anglian Regiment is an infantry regiment of the British Army. It consists of two Regular battalions and one Reserve battalion. The modern regiment was formed in 1964, making it the oldest of the line regiments now operating in the British Army, and can trace its history back to 1685. The regiment was the first of the large infantry regiments and is one of the six regiments of the Queen's Division.
Icatibant
Icatibant, sold under the brand name Firazyr, is a medication for the symptomatic treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adults with C1-esterase-inhibitor deficiency. It is not effective in angioedema caused by medication from the ACE inhibitor class.

It is a peptidomimetic consisting of ten amino acids, which is a selective and specific antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptors.

C1-inhibitor
C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement system (C1r, C1s) to prevent spontaneous activation but also as the major regulator of the contact system (PK, FXIIa, and FXIa).
Titsey
Titsey is a rural village and a civil parish on the North Downs almost wholly within the M25 London Orbital Motorway in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England.

In local government it forms the south-western part of the ward Tatsfield and Titsey and in national statistics approximates to output area E00157289.  It has no railway stations however one is centred 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west, Oxted which also has the administrative centre of the district.  Approximately half of it land is owned by a charity running the Titsey Place estate, with the remainder being a mixture of common and privately owned woodland and smallholdings.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Allan Marquand
Allan Marquand (/ˈmɑːrkwənd/; December 10, 1853 – September 24, 1924) was an art historian at Princeton University and a curator of the Princeton University Art Museum. Marquand is notable as one of the foremost art historians and critics of his time, and helped to popularize and establish the field in elite college campuses. Along with his contemporary, Harvard's Charles Eliot Norton, Marquand was the first academic to bring the serious, academic study of art history into American collegiate curricula.

Charles Eliot Norton
Charles Eliot Norton (November 16, 1827 – October 21, 1908) was an American author, social critic, and Harvard professor of art based in New England. He was a progressive social reformer and a liberal activist whom many of his contemporaries considered the most cultivated man in the United States. He was from the same notable Eliot family as the 20th-century poet T. S. Eliot, who made his career in the United Kingdom.
Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
Switzerland's Roger Federer and Stanislas Wawrinka defeated Sweden's Simon Aspelin and Thomas Johansson in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 6–3 to win the gold medal in men's doubles tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the bronze medal match, the United States' Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan defeated France's Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4. It was Sweden's and the United States' first medals in the event since 1988.

The tournament was held from August 10 to August 16 at the Olympic Green Tennis Centre, in Beijing, China. The DecoTurf surface rendered the event a hardcourt tournament. There were 32 pairs from 24 nations.

Chile's Fernando González and Nicolas Massú were the reigning gold medalists from 2004, but they lost in the first round to Russia's Dmitry Tursunov and Mikhail Youzhny.

Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The United States' Ken Flach and Robert Seguso defeated Spain's Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(1–7), 9–7 to win the gold medal in Men's Singles tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics. It was the second consecutive American victory in the event (though tennis had been discontinued from the Olympics in the intervening 64 years) and its record-equaling third gold overall. Czechoslovaka's Miloslav Mečíř and Milan Šrejber and Sweden's Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd won the bronze medals. It was the first medal in the event for Spain, Sweden, and Czechoslovakia.

The tournament was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul, South Korea. There were 62 players (31 pairs) from 31 nations, with the Colombian pair withdrawing. Each nation had only one pair. There was no bronze-medal match.
2023 World Senior Curling Championships
The 2023 World Senior Curling Championships were held from April 21 to 29 at the Gangneung Hockey Centre in Gangneung, South Korea. The event was held in conjunction with the 2023 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship.

World Senior Curling Championships
The World Senior Curling Championships is an annual curling tournament featuring curlers from around the world who are at least 50 years old. Matches at the World Senior Championships are played in 8 ends played instead of the 10 played in most international events.

The tournament began in 2002 with only 7 men's teams and 4 women's teams but has since expanded.

The 2020 & 2021 event were cancelled on March 14, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Piikkiö railway station
Piikkiön rautatieasema is a railway station in the municipality of Kaarina, Piikkiö, near Turku, Finland. It was opened in 1889. The station building, designed by a Finnish architect Bruno Granholm was built in 1888 and later expanded in 1922. The last train stopped at the station on May 26, 1979.

The station is located in the central area of the town of Piikkiö.

In September 2016, the railway station was sold to a private buyer.

Bruno Granholm
Bruno Ferdinand Granholm (May 14, 1857 in Myrskylä – September 29, 1930) was a Finnish architect. He served as the chief architect of Rautatiehallitus (The Railroad Board) between 1892 and 1926. Many of the station buildings he designed are still in use today, having aged surprisingly well.

Granholm designed the station buildings for the Haapamäki–Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä–Suolahti, Helsinki–Turku, Kuopio–Iisalmi, Oulu–Tornio, Iisalmi–Kajaani and Savonlinna–Elisenvaara tracks. Buildings constructed from his plans can also be found on other routes, e.g. Levashovo of the Riihimäki-Saint Petersburg railroad (within Saint Petersburg).

Granholm's buildings are strongly influenced by the Romantic nationalist concepts of the era, such as asymmetry and generous carvings, and can often be positively distinguished from the surrounding buildings.
Faceoff on the Lake
The Faceoff on the Lake was an outdoor college ice hockey game played on February 18, 2023, at FirstEnergy Stadium in Cleveland between longtime rivals the Michigan Wolverines and the Ohio State Buckeyes. Ohio State defeated Michigan 4–2 in a rematch of the Frozen Diamond Faceoff outdoor game between the teams in 2012. The game marked the first ice hockey game ever played at FirstEnergy Stadium, and the attendance, announced at 45,523 fans, set a record for an outdoor college hockey game held at a neutral site.

Official (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, an official is a person who has some responsibility for enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. There are two categories of officials, on-ice officials, who are the referees and linesmen that enforce the rules during gameplay, and off-ice officials, who have an administrative role rather than an enforcement role.
Jaca uprising
The Jaca uprising (Spanish: Sublevación de Jaca) was a military revolt on 12–13 December 1930 in Jaca, Huesca, Spain, with the purpose of overthrowing the monarchy of Spain.
The revolt was launched prematurely, was poorly organized and was quickly suppressed. Its leaders were executed or imprisoned.
However, the revolt sparked political upheavals that led to the declaration of the Second Spanish Republic a few months later.

Province of Huesca
Huesca (Aragonese: Uesca; Catalan: Osca), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca.

Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza, and Lleida.
Dileptus
Dileptus is a genus of unicellular ciliates in the class Litostomatea. Species of Dileptus occur in fresh and salt water, as well as mosses and soils. Most are aggressive predators equipped with long, mobile proboscides lined with toxic extrusomes, with which they stun smaller organisms before consuming them.  Thirteen species and subspecies of Dileptus are recognized.

Dileptus species have served as model organisms used in the study of ciliary patterns, ontogenesis, conjugation and food acquisition.

Litostomatea
The Litostomatea are a class of ciliates. The group consists of three subclasses: Haptoria, Trichostomatia and Rhynchostomatia. Haptoria includes mostly carnivorous forms such as Didinium, a species of which preys primarily on the ciliate Paramecium. Trichostomatia (trichostomes) are mostly endosymbionts in the digestive tracts of vertebrates. These include the species Balantidium coli, which is the only ciliate parasitic in humans. The group Rhynchostomatia includes two free-living orders previously included among the Haptoria, but now known to be genetically distinct from them, the Dileptida and the Tracheliida.
Nitrobenzoic acid
Nitrobenzoic acids are derivatives of benzoic acid.  Two are commercially important.  They are about ten times more acidic than the parent benzoic acid.

Nitrobenzoic acid can be prepared through the oxidation of styrene in boiling nitric acid.

The salts and esters of nitrobenzoic acids are known as nitrobenzoates.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).