hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument preserves the site of the June 25 and 26, 1876, Battle of the Little Bighorn, near Crow Agency, Montana, in the United States. It also serves as a memorial to those who fought in the battle: George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry and a combined Lakota-Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho force. Custer National Cemetery, on the battlefield, is part of the national monument. The site of the connected military action led by Marcus Reno and Frederick Benteen is also part of the National Monument, but is about 3 miles (4.83 km) southeast of the main site.

As part of a series of censorship actions at several National Park Service sites, in February 2026 the Trump Administration removed signage that described the background of the Battle of Little Bighorn and Native American boarding schools. Changes were opposed by the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council.

Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.
Ictavirus ictaluridallo2
Ictavirus ictaluridallo2 (IcHV-2) is a species of virus in the genus Ictavirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.

Also known as the black bullhead virus, it is phylogenetically similar to IcHV-1. Distinction between the two species is reliant on the places of detection and the severity of clinical signs. IcHV-2 has been experimentally observed to result in more severe clinical signs in channel catfish than IcHV1.

Ictavirus ictaluridallo1
Ictavirus ictaluridallo1 (IcHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Ictavirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales. It causes disease in channel catfish and blue catfish, and can cause significant economic loss in catfish farms. The disease is endemic in the USA and there are reports of the virus in Honduras and Russia.

Also known as channel catfish virus (CCV), it is known to cause channel catfish virus disease (CCVD), resulting in high mortality rates and reduction of growth in catfish. Occurrences of CCVD are often met with crowding and environmental stress. Factors in favor of the proliferation of CCVD include temperature, crowding, and age. Instances when this virus is reported are usually during warm summer months and in highly crowded catfish ponds–places where the virus can easily be transmitted amongst catfish–and in catfish that are less than a year old.
Minoo Masani
Minocher Rustom "Minoo" Masani (20 November 1905 – 27 May 1998) was an Indian politician, a leading figure of the erstwhile Swatantra Party. He was a three-time Member of Parliament, representing Gujarat's Rajkot constituency in the second, third and fourth Lok Sabha. A Parsi, he was among the founders of the Indian Liberal Group think tank that promoted classical liberalism.

He served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, representing the Indian National Congress. His proposal for a uniform civil code to be included in the Constitution of India in 1947 was rejected.

His public life began in the Mumbai Municipal Corporation, where he was elected as Mayor in 1943. He also became a member of the Indian Legislative Assembly. In August 1960, he along with C. Rajagopalachari and N. G. Ranga formed the Swatantra Party, while international Communism was at its peak.

He died, aged 92, in his home at Breach Candy, Mumbai. His funeral was held at Chandanwadi.

2nd Lok Sabha
The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.

15 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 2nd Lok Sabha after the Indian general elections, 1957.
Packwood, Washington
Packwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in easternmost Lewis County, Washington, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 319, while the town and surrounding Packwood community (east of Cora Bridge) had a total population of 1,073.

White Pass Ski Area
The White Pass Ski Area is a ski area in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, in the Cascade Range at White Pass in the state of Washington. It is located 53 miles (90 km) west of Yakima on U.S. Route 12, and 53 miles (90 km) east of Morton. As the crow flies, the pass is 25 miles (40 km) southeast of the summit of Mount Rainier and 30 miles (50 km) north of Mount Adams.
1998 Asian Table Tennis Championships
The 14th Asian Table Tennis Championships 1998 were held in Osaka, Japan, from 28 September to 4 October 1998. It was organised by the Japan Table Tennis Association under the authority of Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).

Asian Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament that the International Table Tennis Federation regards as a continental championship. From 1952 to 1972, the tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia. The Asian Table Tennis Union started its own Asian Championships due to a split between national table tennis associations in Asia.
Meridarchis drachmophora
Meridarchis drachmophora is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1950. It is found in New Guinea.

This species has a wingspan of 32 mm. The forewings are glossy ochreous, densely scattered with brown.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Robert A. Vitas
Robert A. Vitas is a scholar of civil-military relations, national security strategy, and Lithuania studies. He was an army officer in the U.S. Army Reserve and a visiting scholar at Northwestern University. He is currently the executive director of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society. He is also the chairman of the Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. He received his PhD from Loyola University Chicago and has produced scholarship with other notable civil-military relations scholars such as John Allen Williams and Sam C. Sarkesian.

Sam C. Sarkesian
Sam Charles Sarkesian (November 7, 1927 – September 26, 2011) was a prominent scholar of civil-military relations and national security, who published numerous books and articles concerning various topics in these areas. He was also a member of the military, serving in Korea and Vietnam. He retired from the U.S. Army (Airborne/Special Forces/Infantry) as a Lieutenant Colonel. He was also a professor emeritus of political science at Loyola University Chicago, where he was the chair of the political science department and influenced many new scholars in the field. He also served as the second president of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society (IUS). His memory is strong in the IUS, as many of its fellows were his students.
Pandeism in Asia
Pandeism (or pan-deism), a theological doctrine which combines aspects of pantheism into deism, and holds that the creator deity became the universe and ceased to exist as a separate and conscious entity, has been noted by various authors to encompass many religious beliefs found in Asia, with examples primarily being drawn from India and China.

Lila (Hinduism)
Lila (Sanskrit: लीला līlā) or leela (/ˈliːlə/) can be loosely translated as "divine play". The concept of lila asserts that creation, instead of being an objective for achieving any purpose, is rather an outcome of the playful nature of the divine. As the divine is perfect, it could have no want fulfilled, thereby signifying freedom, instead of necessity, behind the creation.

The concept of lila is common to both non-dualist and dualist philosophical schools of Indian philosophy, but has a markedly different significance in each. Within non-dualism, lila is a way of describing all reality, including the cosmos, as the outcome of creative play by the divine absolute (Brahman). In Vaishnavism,  lila refers to the activities of God and devotee, as well as the macrocosmic actions of the manifest universe.
Mir-199 microRNA precursor
The miR-199 microRNA precursor is a short non-coding RNA
gene involved in gene regulation.
miR-199 genes have now been predicted or experimentally confirmed in mouse, human and a further 21 other species. microRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA.

Dicer
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively. These fragments are approximately 20–25 base pairs long with a two-base overhang on the 3′-end. Dicer facilitates the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is essential for RNA interference. RISC has a catalytic component Argonaute, which is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA).
Huawei Honor 3X
The Huawei Honor 3X and Huawei Honor 3X Pro are Android mid-range phablets produced by Huawei, as a part of the Honor X series. The Honor 3X was released in December 2013, while the Honor 3X Pro was released in May 2014. The main difference between the base and Pro model is a display resolution and storage capacity. In some regions, the Honor 3X was sold as the Huawei Ascend G750.

EMUI
EMUI (formerly known as Emotion UI) is an interface based on Android developed by Chinese technology company Huawei, used on the company's smartphones primarily globally.

Instead of Google Mobile Services, EMUI devices have used Huawei Mobile Services, such as the Huawei AppGallery, in January 2020 due to United States sanctions imposed during the trade war against China in May 2019. From Version 13 (2022), Huawei additionally bundled the HarmonyOS TEE microkernel with the Android system; this microkernel for example handled identity security features such as the fingerprint authentication.
Helena's marsupial frog
Helena's marsupial frog (Gastrotheca helenae) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to the Páramo de Tamá on the Venezuelan-Colombian border and occurs in Apure and Táchira states of Venezuela and Norte de Santander Department on the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. It is named after Helen Gaige, an American herpetologist.

Táchira
Táchira State (Spanish: Estado Táchira, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈtatʃiɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal.

Táchira State covers a total surface area of 11,100 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,168,908. At the end of the 19th century, Táchira State was where oil was discovered in Venezuela. Currently, its main economic revenues come from the production of coffee and pineapple. The cattle and agricultural activities play an important role in Táchira's economy. There is also a strong industrial sector which focuses on the processing of potato, sugar, milk, and cheese and the production of textiles.

Táchira State is one of the three Venezuelan Andean states (the other two are Mérida and Trujillo). This state borders Zulia State to the north, Barinas and Mérida States to the east, Apure and Barinas States to the south, and Colombia (Norte de Santander Department) to the west.
Twin Cairns
Twin Cairns is a mountain located southeast of Simpson Pass and southwest of Banff Sunshine, along the Continental Divide which separates British Columbia and Alberta in the Rocky Mountains of western Canada.

Simpson Pass
Simpson Pass, el. 2,107 m (6,913 ft), is a mountain pass on the border between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, in the area of the Ball Range. It is the prominence col for Mount Ball on the Continental Divide in the vicinity of Sunshine Village ski resort.  Simpson River and Simpson Pass are named after Sir George Simpson who first explored the area in 1841.

The British Columbian side (Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park) is drained by the Simpson River, via its tributary the North Simpson River to the Kootenay River and then the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean.  The drainage on the Alberta side (Banff National Park) is Healy Creek to the Bow River, then into the Saskatchewan River system to Lake Winnipeg and finally Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean.
Faubion Bowers
Faubion Bowers (January 29, 1917 – November 17, 1999) was an American academic and writer in the area of Asian Studies, especially Japanese theatre. He also wrote the first full-length biography of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin. During the Allied Occupation of Japan, he was General Douglas MacArthur's personal Japanese language interpreter and assistant military secretary (although Bowers liked to call himself an aide-de-camp).

Kabuki
Kabuki (歌舞伎; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.bɯ.kʲi]) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century.

In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
The Bryn
The Bryn (also  Llangattock-Juxta-Usk or Llangattock Nigh Usk) (Welsh: Llangatwg Dyffryn Wysg), is a small village on the left bank of the River Usk in Monmouthshire, southeast Wales. It is accessed by a cul-de-sac minor road from the B4598 road, the reclassified former trunk road between Raglan and Abergavenny, now replaced by the modern A40 dual carriageway which runs east–west immediately north of the village.

On the western edge of the village is St Cadoc's Church, a Gothic perpendicular style Grade II* listed building probably dating from the fifteenth century. The village falls within the administrative community of Llanover. The Usk Valley Walk passes along the riverside path to the south.

Raglan, Monmouthshire
Raglan (/ˈræɡlən/; Welsh: Rhaglan) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales.  It is located some 9 miles south-west of Monmouth, midway between Monmouth and Abergavenny on the A40 road very near to the junction with the A449 road. It is the location of Raglan Castle, built for William ap Thomas and now maintained by Cadw. The community includes the villages of Llandenny and Pen-y-clawdd. Raglan itself has a population of 1,183.
Fiandraia
Fiandraia is an extinct monotypic genus of notoungulate that lived in Uruguay during the Oligocene and the Early Miocene. It was found in the Fray Bentos Formation, in rocks dated back from the Deseadan period.

The taxonomic status of Fiandraia has been historically disputed; in 1976, its discoverer, Roselli, assigned it in the family Mesotheriidae; in 1978, in Mones & Ubilla, it was considered part of Interatheriidae;  McKenna & Bell, in 1997, placed it inside its own family, Fiandraiinae, itself part of Mesotheriidae; Flynn et al considered it, in 2005, as a member of the Toxodontidae instead of the Mesotheriinae.

Deseadan
The Deseadan (Spanish: Deseadense) age is a period of geologic time (29.0–21.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene to the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Tinguirirican and precedes the Colhuehuapian age.
Shen Dan
Shen Dan (Chinese: 申耽; pinyin: Shēn Dān; courtesy name Yiju (Chinese: 義舉; pinyin: Yìjǔ)) was a regional strongman of the Shen (申) clan who dominated the mountainous Shangyong corridor in eastern Hanzhong during the final years of the Eastern Han dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms period. Over roughly two decades he shifted allegiance from the Han court to Cao Cao, surrendered to Liu Bei in 219 CE, and finally defected to Cao Wei after 220.

Meng Da
Meng Da (pronunciationⓘ; died c. March 228), courtesy name Zidu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty before defecting to Wei. In Wei, he served under the first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui. Around late 227, he started a rebellion in Wei and aimed to rejoin the Shu-Han but the revolt was swiftly suppressed by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed for treason.
Sisca Folkertsma
Sippie Catharine "Sisca" Folkertsma (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɪskaː ˈfɔlkərtsmaː]; born 21 May 1997) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a forward for Dutch Vrouwen Eredivisie club PSV and the Netherlands national team.

Order of Orange-Nassau
The Order of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Orde van Oranje-Nassau) is a civil and military Dutch order of chivalry founded on 4 April 1892 by the queen regent, Emma of the Netherlands.

The order is a chivalric order open to "everyone who has performed acts of special merits for society.” These are people who deserve appreciation and recognition from society for the special way in which they have carried out their activities.

Titles, prefixes, or post-nominals are not used in the Netherlands – the only exception being the Military Order of William.
Johnny Nevin
Johnny Nevin is a former dual player from County Carlow, Ireland. He played Gaelic football and hurling with Carlow between the late 1980s and the 2000s.

Nevin won an All-Ireland B Football medal in 1994  He competed in the Railway Cup in both football and hurling with Leinster. He played well over 100 games with both teams. Including hurling and football, Cork is the only county Nevin has not played against competitively at senior level.

Nevin has been a driving force behind the growth and success of juvenile hurling and football in Carlow. His invaluable contributions to teams such as Naomh Bríd, Old Leighlin, and Carlow's juvenile hurling and football squads have left a lasting impact on the sport's development in the region.

Dual player
Dual player or dual star is a term used in Hiberno-English to describe someone who competes in multiple sports — for example, in Victorian Ireland, cricket and hurling. The term today in Gaelic games typically describes a male player who plays both Gaelic football and hurling or, if a female player, a player of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie. The player does not necessarily have to play at the same standard in both sports. The number of dual stars at county level has decreased recently due to the increasing demands placed upon the best players of both sports.
1984 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 1984 Ipswich Borough Council election was an election to the Ipswich Borough Council under the arrangement, whereby a third of the councillors were to stand for election, each time.

It took place as part of the 1984 United Kingdom local elections.

There were 16 wards each returning one councillor plus one bye-election for Priory Heath Ward. The Labour Party retained control of the council.

Ipswich Borough Council
Ipswich Borough Council is the local authority for Ipswich, a non-metropolitan district with borough status in Suffolk, England. It is the second tier of a two-tier system, fulfilling functions such as refuse collection, housing and planning, with Suffolk County Council providing county council services such as transport, education and social services.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Ipswich Town Hall and has its main offices at Grafton House.
Aegyptosaurus
Aegyptosaurus /iːˌdʒɪptoʊˈsɔːrəs/ (meaning 'Egypt's lizard') is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Africa, around 95 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period (Cenomanian faunal stage).

Bahariya Formation
The Bahariya Formation (also transcribed as Baharija Formation) is a fossiliferous geologic formation dating back to the early Cenomanian, which outcrops within the Bahariya depression in Egypt, and is known from oil exploration drilling across much of the Western Desert where it forms an important oil reservoir.
Katherine Mirica
Katherine A. Mirica is an American chemist who is an associate professor at Dartmouth College. Her research considers materials chemistry, with a particular focus on environmental science and microelectronics.

George M. Whitesides
George McClelland Whitesides (born August 3, 1939) is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Harvard University. He is best known for his work in the areas of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, soft lithography, microfabrication, microfluidics, and nanotechnology. A prolific author and patent holder who has received many awards, he received the highest Hirsch index rating of all living chemists in 2011.
1963 AAA Championships
The 1963 AAA Championships was the 1963 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 12 to 13 July 1963 at White City Stadium in London, England.

AAA Championships
The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the official UK Athletics Championships organised by the then governing body for British athletics, the British Athletics Federation between 1977 and 1993, and again in 1997. It was succeeded by the British Athletics Championships, organised by the BEF's replacement (successor), UK Athletics under its brand name British Athletics.