hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiasm (anatomy)
In anatomy a chiasm is the spot where two structures cross, forming an X-shape (from Greek  letter χ, Chi). Examples of chiasms are:

A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross. For example, the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle which even forms two chiasms.

In neuroanatomy, the crossing of fibres of a nerve or the crossing of two nerves.

Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is a branch of anatomy and neuroscience that studies the structure and organization of the nervous system. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems. Their neuroanatomy is therefore better understood. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprising the connecting nerves between them. Much of what has informed neuroscientists has come from observing how lesions (damage) to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.

For information about the composition of non-human animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain, and peripheral nervous system.
Hypno Carlito
Robert Roger Amparan (born May 21, 1989), known professionally as Hypno Carlito, is an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He was the first artist signed to fellow Chicago rapper Lil Durk through his Only the Family label in 2015. That same year, he guest appeared on the deluxe edition of Durk's debut album Remember My Name, on the song "Ghetto (Grew Up)". The following year, he released his debut album, Never Say Never (2016). He also served as a ghostwriter for American actor Nick Cannon, having wrote his single "Pray for My City" for Spike Lee's film Chi-raq.

After a hiatus, he released his second album, Good Karma (2020), which contained guest appearances from Durk, as well as Mozzy, Almighty Jay, and Twista. That same year, he served as executive producer for Cannon's album The Miseducation Of The Negro You Love To Hate and produced the film Primary Position the following year.

Twista
Carl Terrell Mitchell (born November 27, 1973), better known by his stage name Twista (also known as Tung Twista), is an American rapper. He is best known for his chopper style of rapping and for once holding the title of fastest English-speaking rapper in the world according to Guinness World Records in 1992, being able to pronounce 598 syllables in 55 seconds.

In 1997, after appearing on Do or Die's hit single "Po Pimp", produced by the Legendary Traxster, Twista signed with Big Beat and Atlantic Records, where he released his third album Adrenaline Rush and formed the group Speedknot Mobstaz, in 1998. His 2004 album Kamikaze topped the U.S. Billboard 200, after the success of the Billboard Hot 100 number-one single "Slow Jamz" (with Kanye West and Jamie Foxx).
Manuel de la Sota
Manuel de la Sota Aburto, also known as Manu Sota (27 July 1897 – 29 December 1979), was a Basque Spanish promoter of Basque culture, a writer, and a nationalist politician. He was a cultural promoter, delegate of the Basque Government in exile, academic of Euskaltzaindia, but he is best known for being the 11th president of Athletic Bilbao.

His cousin Alejandro de la Sota was also a president of Athletic Bilbao, and as Basque nationalists, both of them strengthened the philosophy known as cantera within the club, which resounded over the idea of not using foreigners, only Basques, hence creating the club's infamous signing policy.

Alejandro de la Sota (footballer)
Alejandro de la Sota Izagirre (1881 – 8 February 1963) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Athletic Club. He was one of the most important figures in the early history of Athletic, having been one of its co-founders in 1901, as well as a team captain, and then serving as the seventh president of the club, ruling from 1911 and 1917, becoming one of the most successful and influential presidents of the Basque club.

Under de la Sota's leadership, Athletic Bilbao achieved its greatest economic and sporting successes, becoming a dominant team on the national level, winning three back-to-back Copa del Rey titles between 1914 and 1916. One of his main achievements was getting the funds for the construction of the San Mamés Stadium, which opened in 1913 and was very important in the club's supremacy in the 1910s.
Affluent society
An affluent society is form of society characterized by material abundance for broad segments of the population.

A typical image for the affluent society is the literary topos of the Cockaigne, a mythical land of luxury goods. Similar terms, used more in a negative context, are throw-away society and consumer society.

Throw-away society
The throw-away society is a generalised description of human social concept strongly influenced by consumerism, whereby the society tends to use items once only, from disposable packaging, and consumer products not designed for reuse (e.g. single use products) or lifetime use (e.g. inexpensive fast fashion). The term describes a critical view of overconsumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items over durable goods that can be repaired, but at its origins, it was viewed as a positive attribute.
Amir Hadžiahmetović
Amir Hadžiahmetović (pronounced [âːmir xadʒiaxmêːtoʋitɕ]; born 8 March 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Championship club Hull City, on loan from Beşiktaş. Born in Denmark, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Hadžiahmetović started his professional career at Željezničar, before joining Konyaspor in 2016. Seven years later, he moved to Beşiktaş, who loaned him to Rizespor in 2024 and to Hull City in 2025.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hadžiahmetović made his senior international debut in 2020, earning over 30 caps since.

2016–17 Turkish Cup
The 2016–17 Turkish Cup (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası) is the 55th season of the Turkish Cup. Ziraat Bankası is the sponsor of the tournament, thus the sponsored name is Ziraat Turkish Cup. The winners will earn a berth in the group stage of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, and also qualify for the 2017 Turkish Super Cup.
Sirona (goddess)
In Celtic polytheism, Sirona was a goddess worshipped predominantly in East Central Gaul and along the Danubian limes. A healing deity, she was associated with healing springs; her attributes were snakes and eggs. She was sometimes depicted with Apollo Grannus or Apollo Borvo.  She was particularly worshipped by the Treveri in the Moselle Valley.

Asclepius
Asclepius (/æsˈkliːpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσκληπιός Asklēpiós [asklɛːpiós]; Latin: Aesculapius) is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. He is the son of Apollo and Coronis, or Arsinoe, or of Apollo alone. Asclepius represents the healing aspect of the medical arts; his daughters, the Asclepiades, are: Hygieia ("Health, Healthiness"), Iaso (from ἴασις "healing, recovering, recuperation", the goddess of recuperation from illness), Aceso (from ἄκεσις "healing", the goddess of the healing process), Aegle (the goddess of good health) and Panacea (the goddess of universal remedy). He has several sons as well. He was associated with the Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis and the Egyptian Imhotep. The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff similar to the caduceus, remains a symbol of medicine today. Those physicians and attendants who served this god were known as the Therapeutae of Asclepius.
Titanium carbide
Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9–9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride (face-centered cubic) crystal structure.

It occurs in nature as a form of the very rare mineral khamrabaevite (Russian: Хамрабаевит) - (Ti,V,Fe)C. It was discovered in 1984 on Mount Arashan in the Chatkal District, USSR (modern Kyrgyzstan), near the Uzbek border. The mineral was named after Ibragim Khamrabaevich Khamrabaev, director of Geology and Geophysics of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Its crystals as found in nature range in size from 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Turban Cowboy
"Turban Cowboy" is the fifteenth episode of the eleventh season and the 203rd overall episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 17, 2013, and is written by Artie Johann and Shawn Ries and directed by Joe Vaux. The episode revolves around Peter befriending a Muslim named Mahmoud after getting injured in a skydiving accident. Their friendship comes to an abrupt end when Mahmoud is revealed to be a radical terrorist.

Family Guy season 11
The eleventh season of the animated comedy series Family Guy aired on Fox from September 30, 2012, to May 19, 2013. The season consisted of 22 episodes.

The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The executive producers for the tenth production season are Seth MacFarlane, Richard Appel, Chris Sheridan, Danny Smith, Mark Hentemann, Steve Callaghan, Alec Sulkin, and Wellesley Wild. The showrunners are Callaghan and Sulkin, with Sulkin replacing previous showrunner Hentemann.

Guest voices for this season include J. J. Abrams, Mark Burnett, Dick Wolf, Jon Hamm, Elizabeth Banks, Sandra Bernhard, Dan Castellaneta, Anne Murray, Christina Milian, Lacey Chabert, and Johnny Depp.
Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
This is a list of endorsements for declared candidates in the Democratic primaries for the 2020 United States presidential election.

This list only includes endorsements by notable individuals and organizations which have been reported by reliable independent sources. Endorsement by individuals does not imply endorsement by their organization.

San Antonio City Council
The San Antonio City Council is the legislative arm of the municipal government of the city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. It consists of 10 members elected from single-member districts, which was changed from an at-large voting system in 1977.

San Antonio has a council-manager form of government in which the city manager, Erik Walsh, is the city's main, albeit unelected, executive. The mayor of San Antonio presides over the city council; Gina Ortiz Jones was elected to her first term in June 2025. As a result of the passage of Proposition F in November 2024, the term length for city council members was extended from two years to four years.
Demmitt
Demmitt is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the County of Grande Prairie No. 1. It is located on Highway 43, approximately 77 kilometres (48 mi) northwest of Grande Prairie. The Northern Alberta Railway was built through the area in 1930 as it extended westwards towards Dawson Creek, British Columbia.

County of Grande Prairie No. 1
The County of Grande Prairie No. 1 is a municipal district in northwestern Alberta, Canada  in Census Division No. 19.

It is bounded on the south by the Wapiti River, on the east by the Smoky River and on the west by the province of British Columbia.
Propalene
Propalene or bicyclo[1.1.0]buta-1,3-diene is a theoretical polycyclic hydrocarbon composed of two fused cyclopropene rings. Computational studies indicate that the molecule would be planar, with the carbon framework forming a parallelogram that has distinctly alternating short and long carbon–carbon bonds.

Cyclopropene
Cyclopropene is an organic compound with the formula C3H4. It is the simplest cycloalkene. Because the ring is highly strained, cyclopropene is difficult to prepare and highly reactive.  This colorless gas has been the subject for many fundamental studies of bonding and reactivity.  It does not occur naturally, but derivatives are known in some fatty acids.  Derivatives of cyclopropene are used commercially to control ripening of some fruit.
Mainair Blade
The Mainair Blade is a British ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Mainair Sports and later P&M Aviation. The aircraft was supplied as a completed aircraft.

In the early 2000s Mainair was merged with rival Pegasus Aviation into P&M Aviation, but production of the Blade continued. As the company rationalized the two aircraft lines, Blade production ended. By 2012 the manufacturer indicated, "This aircraft is no longer in production...Full spares and support are still available and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Complete aircraft can still be manufactured but by special request only."

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Kolosova, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Kolosova (Ukrainian: Колосова) is a village in Western Ukraine. Administratively it is part of Kremenets Raion of the Ternopil Oblast. It belongs to Kremenets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Kremenets urban hromada
Kremenets urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Кременецька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Kremenetska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada located in Kremenets Raion, in the western Ternopil Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kremenets.

The hromada has a size of 522.9 km2 (201.9 mi2), and a population of 42,064 (As of 2023).
1973 Westhoughton by-election
The 1973 Westhoughton by election took place for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in Westhoughton on 24 May 1973.

It was won by Roger Stott who held the seat for Labour after the death on 1 February of the previous MP, Tom Price.

Westhoughton (UK Parliament constituency)
Westhoughton was a parliamentary constituency in Lancashire, England. Centred on the former mining and cotton town of Westhoughton, it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election.
Rivière des Rochers
Rivière des Rochers (French for "River of Rocks") is a river in Alberta in the Peace–Athabasca Delta and Wood Buffalo National Park. It is the main outflow of Lake Athabasca and flows northward, around many islands, and meets with the Peace River to form the Slave River.  During high water level periods in the late spring and summer, the flow of the Rivière des Rochers can sometimes reverse, with water flowing from the Peace River system back into Lake Athabasca.

Peace River
The Peace River (French: rivière de la Paix) is a 1,923-kilometre-long (1,195 mi) river in Canada that originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows to the northeast through northern Alberta. The Peace River joins the Athabasca River in the Peace-Athabasca Delta to form the Slave River, a tributary of the Mackenzie River. The Finlay River, the main headwater of the Peace River, is regarded as the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River. The combined Finlay–Peace–Slave–Mackenzie river system is the 13th longest river system in the world.
Lokman Singh Karki
Lokman Singh Karki (Nepali: लोकमान सिंह कार्कीListenⓘ, born April 5, 1956), is the former Chief Commissioner of Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) of Nepal. He assumed office in May, 2013. He was sacked from the post on 21 October 2016. In a landmark verdict, the Supreme Court on 8 January 2017 held that Mr. Karki was not qualified for the appointment to the office of the chief of the Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority.

Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University (TU; Nepali: त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय) is a public university located in Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest and the largest university in Nepal. It offers 1,000 undergraduate and 500 postgraduate programs across a wide range of disciplines. Additionally, the institution has 62 constituent campuses and over 1,080 affiliated colleges across the country.
Grand Lodge of Russia
The Grand Lodge of Russia (GLoR) (Russian: Великая ложа России) is the Regular Masonic jurisdiction for Russia. The Grand Lodge was established on 24 June 1995. It was the first national grand lodge to be created in the country after the closure of the original Russian grand lodges in 1922 by the Bolsheviks.
The Grand Lodge of Russia has jurisdiction across the entire nation, and enjoys mutual recognition with most of the regular Grand Lodges worldwide, including the three senior or "home" Grand Lodges, namely the United Grand Lodge of England (recognition in 1996), the Grand Lodge of Ireland, and the Grand Lodge of Scotland; more than 100 other Grand Lodges in the world also exchange recognition.

In July 2016 the GLoR reported over 700 members, in more than 33 Lodges nationwide. The current Grand Master of the GLoR is Andrei Vladimirovich Bogdanov.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
Butler station (MBTA)
Butler station is a light rail station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA Mattapan Line. It is located at Butler Street in the Lower Mills section of the Dorchester neighborhood. It serves a small residential area sandwiched between the Neponset River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, and Dorchester Park. Butler station has no MBTA bus connections. It is accessible via a wooden mini-high ramp on the station's single island platform.

Mattapan Line
The Mattapan Line (alternatively the Mattapan Trolley and historically the Ashmont–Mattapan High-Speed Line) is a partially grade-separated light rail line which forms part of the MBTA's Red Line rapid transit line. The line, which runs through Boston and Milton, Massachusetts, opened on August 26, 1929, as a conversion of a former commuter rail line.  It exclusively uses PCC streetcars built in the 1940s. Passengers must transfer at Ashmont to access the rest of the Red Line, which uses heavy rail metro rolling stock.

The trolley's 2.6-mile (4.2 km) route is used only by streetcars and has just two public grade crossings. All stations have low platforms, but all except Valley Road have been retrofitted with wheelchair lifts or wooden ramps for accessibility. Unlike most heritage streetcar lines, it is an integral part of the modern MBTA transit system rather than a tourist attraction. A rebuild of the line for modern light rail vehicles is planned.
Cunningham Duncombe Series
The Cunningham Duncombe Series is a series of pre-season friendlies between two English Rugby Union clubs; London Irish and Harlequins. The series is named in memory of two late former players, Jarrod Cunningham of London Irish and Nick Duncombe of Harlequins. The series was conceived in 2015 and kicked off with two matches played at Twickenham Stoop in back-to-back weeks. Although both matches were played at the Stoop. The teams took it in turns to act as the home side.

It was confirmed on 4 July, 2016 that the series would continue in 2016. Staged as a single home match for Harlequins at the Stoop.

The 2017 event would be London Irish's turn to host and would be held at their Hazelwood training ground.

Twickenham Stoop
Twickenham Stoop Stadium (informally referred to as The Stoop) is a stadium located in Twickenham, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The stadium is located close to Twickenham Stadium, which is England's national rugby union stadium. The Stoop is home to the Harlequins in Premiership Rugby and has a capacity of 14,800.
Hollister Peak (Antarctica)
Hollister Peak is a 4,729-metre-high (15,515 ft) sharp peak in the central part of the ice-covered Vinson Plateau in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It surmounts the head of Roché Glacier to the north.

The peak was named by US-ACAN in 2006 after the geologist and oceanographer Charles Davis Hollister (1936–1999), who was a member of the 1966–1967 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Vinson (the highest point of Antarctica) and other high mountains in the Sentinel Range.

Ellsworth Mountains
The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 350 km (217 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 meters (16,050 ft)) constituting the highest point on the continent. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.
Crobots
Crobots is a programming game released for the first time by Tom Poindexter in December, 1985 as Shareware. It is an MS-DOS program for IBM PC and compatibles and was developed on x86-based Unix systems.

The robots are controlled by a program written in a stripped-down version of C. The robot's mission is to seek out and destroy other robots, each running different programs. The robots can be controlled in order to move around the battlefield, scan the environment to find enemies and fire at enemies using a cannon.

Crobots borrows the concept used from the game RobotWar that ran on the original Apple II computer. Robots were programmed in a proprietary programming language that was interpreted and included a real-time view of the game as it was played.

In October, 2013, Poindexter released the source code of Crobots under the GPLv2 free software license.

Programming game
A programming game is a video game that incorporates elements of computer programming, enabling the player to direct otherwise autonomous units within the game to follow commands in a domain-specific programming language, often represented as a visual language to simplify the programming metaphor. Programming games broadly fall into two areas: single-player games where the programming elements either make up part of or the whole of a puzzle video game, and multiplayer games where the player's automated program is pitted against other players' programs.