hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taft Law School
Taft Law School is a private for-profit online law school in Santa Ana, California. It was founded in 1976 and operates through the Taft University System (William Howard Taft University). The school offers Juris Doctor (J.D.) and Master of Laws (LL.M.) law degree programs.

Although the school is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission, it is not accredited by the American Bar Association or by the State Bar of California. The Law School Admission Council explains that most states do not "permit graduates of these schools to take the bar examination" nor "admit to their bars a graduate of a non-ABA-approved law school." The California State Bar Committee of Bar Examiners categorizes Taft Law School as a "registered unaccredited correspondence law school." As such, its graduates must pass the First-Year Law Students' Examination, also known as the 'baby bar', in order to be eligible to take the California General Bar Examination.

Distance Education Accrediting Commission
The Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC; formerly the National Home Study Council and then the Distance Education and Training Council) is a private and non-profit national educational accreditation agency in the United States specializing in the accreditation of (51 percent or more of) distance education programs of study and institutions. The DEAC is recognized as a U.S. institutional accreditor by both the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
Dominique Perben
Dominique Perben (born 11 August 1945) is a French politician. Born in Lyon, he was French Minister of Transportation from 2005 to 2007. He was previously Minister of Justice (2002–05), Minister of Civil Service and Administration (1995–1997) and Minister of Overseas France (1993–1995).

Perben has been a Deputy (or MP) in the National Assembly for the fifth district of Saône-et-Loire from 1986 to 2003. He has been Mayor of Chalon-sur-Saône from 1989 to 2003.

He was a candidate for mayor in Lyon in 2008. Following his defeat against the incumbent socialist mayor Gerard Collomb, he announced in 2010 that he would remove himself from politics and rejoin his previous career as a lawyer.

Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice
Minister of Justice (French: Ministre de la Justice), formally known as Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice (Garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice [ɡaʁd de so ministʁ d(ə) la ʒystis]), is a cabinet position in the Government of France. The current minister of justice has been Gérald Darmanin since 2024. The ministry is headquartered on Place Vendôme in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.
1967 NCAA University Division men's ice hockey tournament
The 1967 NCAA Men's University Division Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1966–67 NCAA University Division men's ice hockey season, the 20th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 16 and 18, 1967, and concluded with Cornell defeating Boston University 4–1. All games were played at the Onondaga County War Memorial in Syracuse, New York.

This was the first championship for an eastern team since 1954 and the first time since 1949 that both finalists were from the east.

Upstate Medical University Arena
The Upstate Medical University Arena (originally known as Onondaga County War Memorial and later as the Oncenter War Memorial Arena) is a multi-purpose arena located in Syracuse, New York. It is part of the Oncenter Complex. Designed by Edgarton and Edgarton and built from 1949 through 1951, the structure is significant as an example of a World War I, World War II and Aroostook War commemorative and as "an early and sophisticated example of single-span thin-shell concrete roof construction." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The Upstate Medical University Arena has been renovated twice, in 1994 and 2018.
South Peninsula (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
South Peninsula (Afrikaans: Suid-Skiereiland) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1958. As the name implies, it covered roughly the southern half of the Cape Peninsula, and initially also much of the Cape Flats. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Provincial Council
The Cape Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Cape Province of South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, with effect from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The provincial council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
U Dhammaloka
U Dhammaloka (Burmese: ဦးဓမ္မလောက; 1856–1914) was an Irish-born migrant worker turned Buddhist monk, strong critic of Christian missionaries, and temperance campaigner who took an active role in the Asian Buddhist revival around the turn of the twentieth century.

Dhammaloka was ordained in Burma prior to 1900, making him one of the earliest attested Western Buddhist monks in modern times. He was a celebrity preacher, vigorous polemicist and prolific editor in Burma and Singapore between 1900 and his conviction for sedition and appeal in 1910–1911. Drawing on Western atheist writings, he publicly challenged the role of Christian missionaries, and resisted attempts by the colonial government to charge him for sedition.

Henry Steel Olcott
Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (2 August 1832 – 17 February 1907) was an American military officer, journalist, lawyer, Freemason (member of Huguenot Lodge #448, later #46) and the co-founder and first president of the Theosophical Society.

Olcott was the first well-known American of European ancestry to make a formal conversion to Buddhism. His subsequent actions as president of the Theosophical Society helped create a renaissance in the study of Buddhism. Olcott is considered a Buddhist modernist for his efforts in interpreting Buddhism through a Europeanized lens.

Olcott was a major revivalist of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and he is still honored in Sri Lanka for these efforts. Vice President of the Ananda College Old Boys Association Samitha Seneviratne has said that "Col. Olcott's contribution towards the betterment of our country, nation, religion, justice and good conduct has been so great that he remains in our hearts forever".
Sarab, Quchan
Sarab (Persian: سراب, also Romanized as Sarāb) is a village in Quchan Atiq Rural District, in the Central District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 416, in 100 families.

Quchan Atiq Rural District
Quchan Atiq Rural District (Persian: دهستان قوچان عتيق) is in Quchan Atiq District of Quchan County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Asgarabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Shahr-e Kohneh, now a city.
Praskovia Saltykova
Praskovia Fyodorovna Saltykova (Russian: Прасковья Фёдоровна Салтыкова; 12 October 1664 – 13 October 1723) was the tsaritsa of Russia as the only wife of joint-Tsar Ivan V of Russia. She was the mother of Empress Anna of Russia. She played an important part as the most senior woman of the Russian court in 1698–1712.

Tsarina
Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled csarina or csaricsa, tzarina or tzaritza, or czarina or czaricza; Cyrillic: царица) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.  The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine / czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina / zarina. 
(A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.)

"Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946

Serbia: in 1346–1371

Russia: officially from about 1547 until 1721, unofficially in 1721–1917 (officially "Empresses").
1990 New York Yankees season
The 1990 New York Yankees season was the 88th season for the Yankees. The team finished in seventh place in the American League East with a record of 67–95, finishing 21 games behind the Boston Red Sox. It was the Yankees' first last-place finish since 1966 (and their first last-place in the division era), their most losses in a season since 1912 (a record which still stands), and their most recent last-place finish to date. New York was managed by Stump Merrill and Bucky Dent. The Yankees played at Yankee Stadium.

The Yankees left SportsChannel NY at the end of the 1988 season, and were beginning their 2nd season of their cable and satellite broadcasts to the cable-only MSG Network.

The team was profiled in depth in a docuseries on Peacock called the 'Bronx Zoo' in 2024.

MSG Network
The MSG Network (MSG) is an American regional cable and satellite television network, and radio service owned by Sphere Entertainment -- a spin-off of the main Madison Square Garden Company operation (itself a spin-off of local cable provider Cablevision).

Primarily serving the Mid-Atlantic United States, its programming focuses on events featuring and other programs about New York City sports teams, including live game broadcasts of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, the New York Rangers, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League and Gotham FC of the National Women's Soccer League. The channel is named after the Madison Square Garden sports and entertainment venue in Midtown Manhattan, home of the Knicks and Rangers.
Phù Yên district
Phù Yên is a rural district of Sơn La province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 114,974. The district covers an area of 1,227 km2. The district capital lies at Phù Yên.

Sơn La province
Sơn La is a province nestled in the Northwestern region of Vietnam.

In 2018, Sơn La ranked 31st among Vietnam's administrative units in terms of population, 40th in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 49th in GRDP per capita, and 63rd in GRDP growth rate. With a population of 1,242,700 people, its GRDP reached 47.223 trillion VND (approximately 2.0509 billion USD), GRDP per capita was 38 million VND (around 1,650 USD), and the GRDP growth rate was 5.59%. Sơn La is also the largest province by area in Northern Vietnam.
2018 in paleoichthyology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil fish described in 2018 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fish, bony fish, and other fish of every kind described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology occurring in 2018.

Neopterygii
Neopterygii (from Ancient Greek νέος (néos), meaning "new", and πτέρυξ (ptérux), meaning "wing, fin") is a subclass of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Neopterygii includes the Holostei and the Teleostei, of which the latter comprise the vast majority of extant fishes, and over half of all living vertebrate species. While living holosteans include only freshwater taxa, teleosts are diverse in both freshwater and marine environments. Many new species of teleosts are scientifically described each year.

The potentially oldest known neopterygian is the putative "semionotiform" Acentrophorus varians from the Middle Permian of Russia; however, one study incorporating morphological data from fossils and molecular data from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, places this divergence date at least 284 mya (million years ago), during the Artinskian stage of the Early Permian. Another study suggests an even earlier split (360 myr ago, near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary).
2024 Poland Darts Masters
The 2024 Superbet Poland Darts Masters was a professional darts tournament that was held at the PreZero Arena in Gliwice, Poland on 14–15 June 2024. It was the second staging of the tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation after the inaugural 2023 edition, and the fifth event in the 2024 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight top-ranking players and eight regional qualifiers).

Michael van Gerwen was the defending champion after defeating Dimitri Van den Bergh 8–3 in the 2023 final. However, van Gerwen lost 7–2 to Rob Cross in the semi-finals.

Luke Littler won his second World Series title, defeating Rob Cross 8–3.

Gliwice Arena
Gliwice Arena, known for sponsorship reasons as PreZero Arena Gliwice, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Gliwice, Poland. The main arena has 13,752 seats in its four stands and provides room for up to 17,178 spectators, standing spaces included, making it one of the largest indoor arenas in the country.
Pelion (Illyria)
Pelion, also Pellion or Pelium (Ancient Greek: Πήλιον, Πέλλιον or Πήλεον, Latin: Pelion, Pelium or Pellium) was an ancient fortified settlement traditionally located in Illyria, near the Tsangon Pass, on the border with Macedonia. Pelion is generally placed in eastern Dassaretis very close to the historical border with Macedonia, however its precise location is uncertain and various theories have been proposed for the site of the settlement.

Founded either by the Illyrian king Bardylis or by the Macedonian king Philip II, the fortified site of Pelion had been controlled in different periods by the Illyrian kingdom, the Macedonian kingdom, and Rome. Under the Roman rule Pelion was placed in the autonomous administrative unit of Dassaretis, in Epirus Nova and in the Prefecture of Illyricum.

Taulantii
Taulantii or Taulantians ('swallow-men'; Ancient Greek: Ταυλάντιοι, Taulantioi or Χελιδόνιοι, Chelidonioi; Latin: Taulantii) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers Drin (Drilon) and Vjosa (Aoös). Their central area was the hinterland of Epidamnos-Dyrrhachion, corresponding to present-day Tirana and the region between the valleys of Mat and Shkumbin (Genusus). The Taulantii are among the oldest attested Illyrian peoples, who established a powerful kingdom in southern Illyria. They are among the peoples who most marked Illyrian history, and thus found their place in the numerous works of historians in classical antiquity.
Pforzheim (electoral district)
Pforzheim is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 279. It is located in northwestern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the city of Pforzheim and the district of Enzkreis.

Pforzheim was created for the 1965 federal election. Since 2002, it has been represented by Gunther Krichbaum of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Enzkreis
Enzkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈɛntskʁaɪs], Enz district) is a Landkreis (district) in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Karlsruhe, Heilbronn, Ludwigsburg, Böblingen and Calw. The district-free Pforzheim area in the south is nearly completely surrounded by Enz.
Vanishing Wilderness
Vanishing Wilderness is a 1973 American wilderness documentary from Arthur Dubs who established Pacific International Enterprises. It was filmed by Heinz Sielmann. Areas covered included Oregon's Rogue River, the Arctic Circle, Alaska and the Florida Everglades.

In contrast with Dubs' previous documentary, American Wilderness, which focused on hunting, Vanishing Wilderness was more of a family film and was rated "G".

The film received endorsements from then-governor Ronald Reagan and John Wayne.

American Wilderness
American Wilderness is a 1970 American wilderness documentary film directed by Arthur Dubs. Dubs owned an Oregon construction company and was a big game hunter in his spare time. He made the film while on a working holiday in Alaska in 1966.

Made for $52,000, Dubs distributed the film himself. It was very successful and launched his filmmaking career which included Pacific International Enterprises. The movie featured a number of hunting sequences - Dubs' later films were more family friendly.
John P. McDonough (politician)
John P. McDonough (born July 7, 1950) is an American politician from Maryland.  He served as Secretary of State of Maryland – a position appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate – from July 16, 2008 to January 21, 2015. The Secretary of State is one of the state's six constitutional officers, along with the Governor, Lt. Governor, Comptroller, Attorney General and Treasurer.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
Kyle Farmer
James Kyle Farmer (born August 17, 1990) is an American professional baseball infielder in the Atlanta Braves organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds, Minnesota Twins, and Colorado Rockies. The Dodgers selected him in the 2013 MLB draft, and he made his MLB debut with them in 2017.

Free agency (Major League Baseball)
Free agency in Major League Baseball (MLB) concerns professional athletes whose contracts with a team have expired and who are therefore eligible to sign with another team. Specifics are governed by a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between MLB and its players' labor union, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). Before the mid-1970s, professional baseball players could effectively be bound, in perpetuity, to the team holding their contract via a "reserve clause", thus preventing them from becoming free agents.
Drill Daddy Drill
"Drill Daddy Drill" is a dirty blues song, recorded by Dorothy Ellis and released as a single on Federal Records in April 1952.  The B-side of the record was "Must Go Out and Play". Both songs were penned by Ravon Darnell (who, using his real name Rick Darnell, co-wrote the blues standard, "The Thrill Is Gone") and Mario Delagarde. Delagarde was the regular double bass player with Johnny Otis and His Orchestra.

The Thrill Is Gone
"The Thrill Is Gone" is a slow minor-key blues song written by West Coast blues musician Roy Hawkins and Rick Darnell in 1951. Hawkins's recording of the song reached number six in the Billboard R&B chart in 1951.  In 1970, "The Thrill Is Gone" became a major hit for B.B. King. His rendition helped make the song a blues standard.
Critical system
A critical system is a system which must be highly reliable and retain this reliability as it evolves without incurring prohibitive costs.

There are four types of critical systems: safety critical, mission critical, business critical and security critical.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Kendrick Bourne
Kendrick Bourne (born August 4, 1995) is an American professional football wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Eastern Washington Eagles and signed with the 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2017. Bourne has also played for the New England Patriots.

Kyle Shanahan
Kyle Michael Shanahan (born December 14, 1979) is an American professional football coach who is the head coach for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He came to prominence as the offensive coordinator for the Atlanta Falcons, whose offense in 2016 led the league in points scored and helped the team reach Super Bowl LI. Shanahan became the head coach of the 49ers the following season, leading the team to three division titles, five postseason appearances, four NFC Championship Game appearances, and two Super Bowl appearances (LIV and LVIII).
Sulayman Solong
Sulayman Solong (Arabic: سليمان سلونق; c. 1550 – c. 1637) was the first historical sultan of Darfur. According to several sources, he ruled the Sultanate of Darfur from 1596 to 1637. However, because of the lack of contemporary references, estimates of his reign dates diverge widely, with some modern scholars stating that he probably reigned between 1660 and 1680.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Stadtlohn-Vreden Airport
Stadtlohn-Vreden Airport (German: Flugplatz Stadtlohn-Vreden) (ICAO: EDLS) is an airfield located 2.8 NM (5.2 km; 3.2 mi) west of Stadtlohn, in the Borken district, Germany. Its runway lays adjacent to the Dutch border. The airfield is used for general aviation, as well for gliding and skydiving.

In 2010 the runway was extended to 1,800 m (5,906 ft) further work on the hangars increased the capacity of the airport to 132 aircraft.

Stadtlohn
Stadtlohn (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtatloːn] ⓘ; Low German: Stadlaun) is a city in western Münsterland in the northwest of North Rhine-Westphalia, and is a district town of the Borken administrative district. The city had a population of 20,746 inhabitants as of 2020. The River Berkel flows through the city on its way to the Netherlands.
Alice Lenshina
Alice Lenshina (1920–1978) was a Zambian woman, prisoner of conscience and self-appointed "prophetess" who is noted for her part in the "Lumpa Uprising", which claimed 700 lives.

Lenshina founded and led the Lumpa Church, a religious sect that embraced a mixture of Christian and animist beliefs and rituals. The Lumpa Church rejected the authority of any "earthly government", it refused to pay taxes and it established its own tribunals. Shortly after Zambia became independent under President Kenneth Kaunda, she and her followers were engaged in the so-called "Lumpa Uprising".  The uprising was suppressed and she was detained, but the Lumpa Church was never entirely eradicated.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.