hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-Euclidean space
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a pseudo-Euclidean space of signature (k, n − k) is a finite-dimensional real n-space together with a non-degenerate quadratic form q. Such a quadratic form can, given a suitable choice of basis (e1, ..., en), be applied to a vector x = x1e1 + ⋯ + xnen, giving
 which is called the scalar square of the vector x.: 3

For Euclidean spaces, k = n, implying that the quadratic form is positive-definite. When 0 < k < n, q is an isotropic quadratic form. Note that if 1 ≤ i ≤ k < j ≤ n, then q(ei + ej) = 0, so that ei + ej is a null vector. In a pseudo-Euclidean space with k < n, unlike in a Euclidean space, there exist vectors with negative scalar square.

As with the term Euclidean space, the term pseudo-Euclidean space may be used to refer to an affine space or a vector space depending on the author, with the latter alternatively being referred to as a pseudo-Euclidean vector space (see Point–vector distinction).

Dimension (vector space)
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e., the number of vectors) of a basis of V over its base field. It is sometimes called Hamel dimension (after Georg Hamel) or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.

For every vector space there exists a basis, and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality; as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined. We say  is finite-dimensional if the dimension of  is finite, and infinite-dimensional if its dimension is infinite.

The dimension of the vector space  over the field  can be written as  or as  read "dimension of  over ". When  can be inferred from context,  is typically written.
Mên-an-Tol
The Mên-an-Tol (Cornish: Men an Toll) is a small formation of standing stones in Cornwall, England (grid reference SW426349). It is about three miles northwest of Madron. It is also known locally as the "Crick Stone".

Madron
Madron (Cornish: Eglosmadern (village) or Pluw Vadern (parish)) is a civil parish and village in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Madron is named after Saint Madern's Church. Its annual Trafalgar Service commemorating the death of Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson was started on 27 October 1946, following a local tradition that his death was first announced on British soil in the Union Hotel, Penzance.
Martin Luther King Jr. Community Hospital
Martin Luther King Jr. Community Hospital, also known as MLK-LA, is a 131-bed public community hospital in the unincorporated Willowbrook neighborhood of southern Los Angeles County, California, just outside of the Los Angeles city limits. It was planned and designed to especially serve the surrounding South Los Angeles communities' needs, including those of underinsured or uninsured patients.

The hospital opened on July 7, 2015, in a new US$208,500,000 building. The hospital on the site of the former Martin Luther King Jr. Multi-Service Ambulatory Care Center, originally named the Martin Luther King Jr./Drew Medical Center, known as King/Drew. The adjacent Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Martin Luther King Jr. Outpatient Center opened in a new building in 2014.

South Los Angeles
South Los Angeles is an urban region in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, lying mostly within the city limits of Los Angeles, south of downtown.
It is defined on Los Angeles city maps as a 16-square-mile (41 km2) rectangle. In 2003, the Los Angeles City Council renamed the area from South Central Los Angeles to its current name.

The name South Los Angeles can also refer to a larger 51-square-mile (130 km2) region that includes areas within the city limits of Los Angeles as well as five unincorporated areas in the southern portion of Los Angeles County.
Trailervision
Trailervision was a website which featured movie trailer videos for fictitious films. It was established in 1999 by Canadian filmmaker Albert Nerenberg.

Trailervision's titles included "American Booty", "Gangstas In Love", "Girls Rule", "I Know What You'll Want Next Summer", "J2K: Jesus 2000", "Lance Banyon VS The Ku Klux Klan", "Modeman", the Office Sex series beginning with "Welcome to Office Sex", "Switched", "The Man With No Head", "Wimp Club", "Y2K"

Brooke D'Orsay was a member of Trailervision's in-house cast. Trailer videos were initially available without charge but eventually Trailervision charged a subscription fee for access except for a few  selected videos. The website became defunct after 2009.

Trailer (promotion)
A trailer (also known as a preview, coming attraction, or attraction video) is a short advertisement, originally designed for a feature film, which highlights key scenes of upcoming features intended to be exhibited in the future at a movie theater or cinema. It is a product of creative and technical work.

Movie trailers have now become popular on DVDs and Blu-ray discs, as well as on the Internet, livestreaming and mobile devices. Of some 10 billion videos watched online annually, film trailers rank third, after news and user-created video.

The trailer format has been adopted as a promotional tool for television shows, video games, books, and theatrical events/concerts.
President's fleet review
The Review of the Fleet by the President of India is an event where ships, submarines and aircraft from the Indian Navy are paraded to be reviewed by the President of India. The President of India as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces reviews the Indian fleet as Head of the Republic.

Since India became a Republic in 1950, 13 fleet reviews have taken place. The President's fleet review could also include warships and delegates from other national navies. Of the 13, three were International fleet reviews (IFR) - in 2001, 2016 and 2026.

Indian Naval Air Arm
The Indian Naval Air Arm is the aviation branch and a fighting arm of the Indian Navy which is tasked to provide an aircraft carrier-based strike capability, fleet air defence, maritime reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare.

The Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) appears to direct the field operations of the air arm.
Degeto Film
Degeto Film GmbH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ton und Bild) is a film rights trader and production company of the ARD, based in Frankfurt am Main. Its shareholders are the regional broadcasting corporations of ARD or their advertising subsidiaries.

ARD Degeto acquires fictional programs for ARD's flagship national television channel Das Erste, the so called "Third Programmes" (TV channels) of the regional broadcasting corporations (BR, HR, MDR, NDR, Radio Bremen, RBB, SR, SWR, WDR), 3sat, Arte, One and the other ARD channels.

Saarländischer Rundfunk
Saarländischer Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈzaːɐ̯ˌlɛndɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Saarland Broadcasting"), shortened to SR (pronounced [ɛsˈʔɛʁ]), is a public radio and television broadcaster serving the German state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbrücken, SR is a member of the ARD consortium of German public-broadcasting organizations.
When I Leave Berlin
When I Leave Berlin is the 1973 album by the pioneer British folk musician Wizz Jones. Wizz was accompanied on some of the songs by his future group "Lazy Farmer", and Bert Jansch played guitar on "Freudian Slip". The album was remastered and released on CD by Sunbeam Records in 2007, also included as bonus tracks were the six songs from his 1973 EP Winter Song.

The title track was also covered in concert by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band on 30 May 2012 in Berlin.

Lazy Farmer
Lazy Farmer is the 1975 album by British folk rock group Lazy Farmer. This short-lived group consisted of pioneer British folk musician Wizz Jones, his wife Sandy Jones, John Bidwell and Jake Walton. The album was dedicated to American banjo player John Burke, whose book "Fiddle Tunes for the Banjo" inspired the formation of Lazy Farmer. The album was recorded at Conny Plank's countryside studio in Cologne, Germany.
2005 Torneo di Viareggio
The 2005 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.

Torneo di Viareggio
The Torneo di Viareggio (English: Viareggio Tournament), officially named the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale, is a youth association football tournament held annually in the commune of Viareggio, Italy and its surrounding areas. Established in 1949, the Torneo di Viareggio is considered one of the most important youth football tournaments in the world.

It coincides with the Carnival of Viareggio, starting on the third Monday of Carneval. The tournament runs for a fortnight, and finishes on the last Monday of Carnival. For this reason, it is also known as Coppa Carnevale (English: Carnival Cup).
Steve Rolston
Steve Rolston (born February 8, 1978) is a Canadian artist and writer of comic books and graphic novels currently living in Vancouver, British Columbia. After working in story boards for various animated series, he got his first break from Oni Press as the penciler and inker of the first four issues of their on-going Queen & Country comic series by praised author Greg Rucka. From 2005 to 2017, Rolston taught a course at Vancouver Institute of Media Arts entitled "Introduction to Comic Book Production".

Lilah Sturges
Lilah Sturges (/ˈstɜːrdʒɪz/; born Matthew Sturges, October 1970) is an American writer of comics and fantasy novels. She is best known for co-writing with Bill Willingham the Eisner-award-nominated Jack of Fables, and other comics published by Vertigo Comics / DC Comics.
Neirab camp
Neirab camp or Al-Nayrab camp is a Palestinian refugee camp that was set up near the village of Al-Neirab, 13 km from Aleppo, Syria. It was created in 1948–1950 following the Nakba.

It is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in Syria, with a reported number of 23,469 people as of 2024. It is also considered one of the poorest.

Ein Al-Tal
Ein al-Tal Camp (Arabic: مخيم عين التل), or Handarat camp, is a 0.16-square-kilometer (40-acre)  Palestinian refugee camp near the village of Handarat. It is located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) north-east of Aleppo. The pre-war population of the camp was around 7,000. The entirety of the camp's population was displaced during the Battle of Aleppo, and the camp sustained heavy damages.
NGC 4211
NGC 4211 is a pair of interacting lenticular galaxies located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered on April 30, 1881, by astronomer Édouard Stephan. NGC 4211 is a field galaxy and is part of the Coma Supercluster.

NGC 4211 is a LINER galaxy, and is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of  8.3 × 108 M☉.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Measuring cup
A measuring cup is a kitchen utensil used primarily to measure the volume of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients such as flour and sugar, especially for volumes from about 50 mL (approx. 2 fl oz) upwards. Measuring cups are also used to measure washing powder, liquid detergents and bleach for clothes washing. Some measuring cups will have a scale marked in cups and fractions of a cup, and often with fluid measure and weight of a selection of dry foodstuffs. Others are made to a specific capacity and are designed to be filled to the top with dry ingredients.

Measuring cups may be made of plastic, glass, or metal. Transparent (or translucent) cups can be read from an external scale; metal ones only from a dipstick or scale marked on the inside.

Dipstick
A dipstick is one of several measurement devices.

Some dipsticks are dipped into a liquid to perform a chemical test or to provide a measure of quantity of the liquid.

Since the late 20th century, a flatness/levelness measuring device trademarked "Dipstick" has been used to produce concrete and pavement surface profiles and to help establish profile measurement standards in the concrete floor and paving industries.
Paul Fonoroff
Paul Kendel Fonoroff (born 1954 in Cleveland, Ohio) is a film critic and historian specializing in Chinese-language cinema. Born in the United States, he spent several years of schooling in China, accepting a fellowship at Peking University. After moving to Hong Kong in 1983, Fonoroff spent decades ingrained in its local film culture, writing reviews for the South China Morning Post and appearing on television to discuss cinema. He also received small acting parts in about twenty films.

Over the decades, Fonoroff amassed a large collection of Chinese film journals and periodicals. He donated this collection to the University of California, Berkeley in 2015.

Fight Back to School II
Fight Back to School 2 (Chinese: 逃學威龍2) is a 1992 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Gordon Chan and co-written by Chan Kin-chung, and produced by Jimmy Heung. The film stars Stephen Chow, Ng Man-Tat and Cheung Man. It is a sequel to the 1991 film Fight Back to School.

As per the original Fight Back to School, this film is set in 2 schools in Hong Kong: Shatin College and Chinese International School.
VFA-136
Strike Fighter Squadron 136 (VFA-136) also known as the "Knighthawks" is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. The "Knighthawks" are an operational fleet squadron flying the F/A-18E Super Hornet. They are homeported at NAS Lemoore and are currently assigned to Carrier Air Wing One, tail code AB. Their radio callsign is Gunstar.

Operation Southern Watch
Operation Southern Watch was an air-centric military operation conducted by the United States Department of Defense from August 1992 to March 2003.

United States Central Command's Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-SWA) had the mission of monitoring and controlling the airspace south of the 32nd Parallel (extended to the 33rd Parallel in 1996) in southern and south-central Iraq during the period following the end of the 1991 Persian Gulf War until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Flight to Pella
The fourth-century Church Father Eusebius of Caesarea and Epiphanius of Salamis cite a tradition that before the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 the early Christians had been warned to flee to Pella in the region of the Decapolis across the Jordan River. The flight to Pella probably did not include the Ebionites.

The authenticity of this tradition has been a much debated question since 1951 when S. G. F. Brandon in his work The Fall of Jerusalem and the Christian Church argued that the Christians would have been allied to their compatriots, the Zealots; only after the destruction of the Jewish community would Christianity have emerged as a universalist religion. The existence of a Christian–Zealot alliance has hardly been taken seriously, but the historicity of the flight to Pella has been controversial ever since.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Heterocrossa rubophaga
The New Zealand raspberry bud moth (Heterocrossa rubophaga) is a moth of the Carposinidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand.

The larvae are destructive to the buds and fruit of raspberry and blackberry.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Tarragona railway station
Tarragona railway station is the central railway station of Tarragona, Spain. The station is situated on the Valencia−Sant Vicenç de Calders railway and is part of Adif and it accommodates Renfe conventional and Rodalies de Catalunya medium-distance trains.

Opened in 1856, Tarragona station has an uncertain future due to the arrival of the Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line at a new station called Camp de Tarragona, as well as the opening of an upgraded section of the Valencia−Sant Vicenç de Calders railway bypassing the city of Tarragona. Officially called a "provisional station", it is actually 10 kilometers from the centre of Tarragona, with all long-distance services being rerouted by the upgraded and high-speed lines, calling at Camp de Tarragona station instead.

Camp de Tarragona railway station
Camp de Tarragona is a railway station, opened on 19 December 2006, on the Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line between Madrid and Barcelona. Located between the municipalities of La Secuita and Perafort, some 8 km north of Tarragona itself, the new station serves an area with an estimated population of over 400,000.

The station complex, covering 5.2 hectares, has eight standard-gauge tracks (four platform tracks and four central through tracks), two 400-metre-long island platforms, passenger handling facilities, a travel centre, shops, and parking for 648 vehicles.

The high speed railway to the French frontier opened for service in 2013.
Caldillo de congrio
Caldillo de congrio (Spanish for cusk-eel stock) is a Chilean fish soup. The dish is made of congrio dorado (pink cusk-eel) or congrio colorado (red cusk-eel), cusk-eel species common in the Chilean Sea. The dish is made by boiling together fish heads, onion, garlic, coriander, carrots, and pepper. Once these are boiled, only the stock is used. Onion and garlic are fried together with chopped tomatoes. The vegetables are mixed then with the stock, cream, boiled potatoes, and marinated and boiled conger.

Chilean literature Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda wrote an ode to caldillo de congrio called Oda al Caldillo de Congrio. The Communist Party of Chile has a tradition of serving the Chilean press and media caldillo de congrio at an annual event at which important announcements are made regarding the current year.

Cusk-eel
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses, and others.

The oldest fossil cusk-eel is Ampheristus, a highly successful genus with numerous species that existed from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the early Oligocene.
The Soul of Ike & Tina
The Soul of Ike & Tina is a compilation album by R&B duo Ike & Tina Turner. Not to be confused by their 1961 debut album, The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner, this album was released by Kent Records in 1966.

The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner
The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner is the debut album by Ike & Tina Turner. It was released on the Sue Records in February 1961. The album is noted for containing the duo's debut single "A Fool in Love" and their follow-up singles "I Idolize You" and "I'm Jealous."
Dragnet (album)
Dragnet is the second studio album by the English post-punk band the Fall, released on 26 October 1979 through Step-Forward Records. Appearing less than eight months after its predecessor, Live at the Witch Trials, Dragnet established at an early stage two key patterns characteristic of the group's future: that of high productivity and a regular turnover of group members.

Live at the Witch Trials
Live at the Witch Trials is the debut studio album by the English post-punk band the Fall. It was released on 16 March 1979 through record label Step-Forward. It is not, despite its title, a live album and was recorded in a studio in a single day and mixed by producer Bob Sargeant.
Mandy van den Berg
Mandy van den Berg-Carreras (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɛndi vɑn də(m) ˈbɛr(ə)x]; born 26 August 1990) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a defender and for the Netherlands women's national team. She formerly played club football in the Eredivisie Vrouwen for ADO Den Haag, for Vittsjö GIK of the Swedish Damallsvenskan and for LSK Kvinner FK of the Norwegian Toppserien.

UEFA Women's Euro 2017
The 2017 UEFA European Women's Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Women's Euro 2017, was the 12th edition of the UEFA Women's Championship, the quadrennial international football championship organised by UEFA for the women's national teams of Europe. The competition was expanded to 16 teams (from 12 teams in the previous edition).

The Netherlands was chosen to host the tournament by the UEFA Executive Committee on 4 December 2014.

Germany's 22-year reign as champions of Europe was ended after losing 1–2 to Denmark in the quarter-finals. It was only Germany's second loss in the tournament since 1993. Another former winner, Norway, lost to both finalists, the Netherlands and Denmark, and ended without any goals or points.

The Netherlands won their first ever title since the men's UEFA Euro 1988 by beating fellow first time finalists Denmark 4–2 in the final.

Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Scotland and Switzerland made their debuts at the tournament.
Uganda Nationalist Organization
The Uganda Nationalist Organization (abbreviated UNO) was a militant opposition group composed of politically conservative Ugandans who wanted to overthrow Idi Amin, President and dictator of Uganda in the 1970s. UNO operated from 1978 to 1980, taking part in the Uganda–Tanzania War on the side of Tanzania.

Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey
Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey are a married couple and former journalistic duo who reported on the 1979 Uganda–Tanzania War and Central America in the 1980s. They were unsuccessful plaintiffs in Avirgan v. Hull (1986), a civil suit alleging responsibility for the La Penca bombing, which injured Avirgan. Philip Chrimes credits Honey with, "perhaps more than any other journalist, help[ing] to blow the cover on the illegal North-Secord Contra resupply operation". Journalist Ed Hooper described Avirgan and Honey's book War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin as an "outstanding eyewitness account" and an "excellent source" on the Uganda–Tanzania War.

Their son, Jody Avirgan, is also a journalist.