hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traction (mechanics)
Traction, traction force or tractive force is a force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of either dry friction or shear force.
It has important applications in vehicles, as in tractive effort.

Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction). It is the force which makes an object move over the surface by overcoming all the resisting forces like friction, normal loads (load acting on the tiers in negative Z axis), air resistance, rolling resistance, etc.

Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, and also known as viscous force, is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.

Unlike other resistive forces, drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the relative velocity for low-speed flow and is proportional to the velocity squared for high-speed flow. This distinction between low and high-speed flow is measured by the Reynolds number.
Mike De Palmer
Mike De Palmer (October 17, 1961 – August 7, 2021) was a professional tennis player from the United States.

De Palmer enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career, he won six tour doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional six times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 20 in 1986.

DePalmer had a career high singles ranking of 35, with wins over Jimmy Connors, Vitas Gerulaitis, Mel Purcell, Peter Fleming, Peter Lundgren, Paul McNamee, Jakob Hlasek, and Tim Gullikson.  He reached the singles final in Ancona, Italy, in 1982, losing to Anders Järryd in two sets.

De Palmer coached Boris Becker from August 1995 to June 1999, as well as coaching other professional tennis players.

De Palmer died in Knoxville, Tennessee, on August 7, 2021, at the age of 59 because of complications from pancreatic cancer. His father coached the tennis team at the University of Tennessee from 1981 to 1994.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
EAGLE (program)
EAGLE is a scriptable electronic design automation (EDA) application with schematic capture, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, auto-router and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) features. EAGLE stands for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor (German: Einfach Anzuwendender Grafischer Layout-Editor) and is developed by CadSoft Computer GmbH. The company was acquired by Autodesk Inc. in 2016 who announced to support the product up to 2026 only. After 2026, EAGLE will be phased out with Fusion being used for PCB design.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Single Integrated Operational Plan
The Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) was the United States' general plan for nuclear war from 1961 to 2003. The SIOP gave the President of the United States a range of targeting options, and described launch procedures and target sets against which nuclear weapons would be launched.: 395  The plan integrated the capabilities of the nuclear triad of strategic bombers, land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), and sea-based submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM). The SIOP was a highly classified document, and was one of the most secret and sensitive issues in U.S. national security policy.

The first SIOP, titled SIOP-62, was finished on 14 December 1960 and implemented on 1 July 1961 (the start of fiscal year 1962).: 296  The SIOP was updated annually until February 2003, when it was replaced by Operations Plan (OPLAN) 8044. As of April 2013, the U.S. nuclear war plan was OPLAN 8010-12, Strategic Deterrence and Force Employment.

Flexible response
Flexible response was a defense strategy advocated by John F. Kennedy and implemented by his Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation. Flexible response calls for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving the United States the capability to respond to aggression across the spectrum of war, not limited only to nuclear arms.
Panangipalli Venugopal
Panangipalli Venugopal (6 July 1942 – 8 October 2024) was an Indian cardiovascular surgeon and hospital administrator from Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India who is widely regarded as a pioneer in cardiac surgery. The Government of India honored him, in 1998, with the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, for his services to the field of Medicine.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is a ministry of the Government of India charged with health policy in India. It is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.

The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is  Jagat Prakash Nadda, while the current Minister of State for Health are Anupriya Patel and Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav.

Since 1955, the Ministry regularly publishes the Indian Pharmacopoeia through the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), an autonomous body for setting standards for drugs, pharmaceuticals and healthcare devices and technologies in India.
2021 Clásica de Almería
The 2021 Clásica de Almería was the 36th edition of the Clásica de Almería road cycling one day race. It was held on 14 February 2021 as part of the 2021 UCI Europe Tour and the 2021 UCI ProSeries. The 183.3-kilometer race started in Puebla de Vícar and finish in Roquetas de Mar.

German sprinter Pascal Ackermann of Bora–Hansgrohe, who had won the previous two editions of the race, did not return to defend his title and missed the opportunity to go for three wins in a row. In his absence, defending European champion Giacomo Nizzolo of Team Qhubeka Assos won the sprint ahead of Florian Sénéchal of Deceuninck–Quick-Step, with Ackermann's teammate Martin Laas completing the podium.

Clásica de Almería
The Clásica de Almería (English: Classic of Almería) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in February or March in Almería, Spain, starting and finishing in Almería itself. Established in 1986, the race was run as an amateur event in its first six years. In 1992, it became fully professional. From 2005, the race was organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour, and became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020 as a 1.Pro event.

Since 2023, a women's event has been held. In 2026, the women's race joined the UCI ProSeries.
Brockport, New York
Brockport is a village in Monroe County, New York, United States. Most of the village is within the town of Sweden, with two small portions in the town of Clarkson. The population was 7,104 at the 2020 U.S. census, down from 8,366 in 2010. The name is derived from Hiel Brockway, an early settler. It is home to SUNY Brockport.

Brockport is called "the Victorian village on the Erie Canal". In 2021, the village portion of the Erie Canal was remodeled, providing a bricked walkway, a brand-new canal visitor center, and several pieces of art of historical significance.

Monroe County, New York
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of New York, located along Lake Ontario's southern shore. As of 2022, the population was 752,035, according to Census Bureau estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Rochester. The county is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. Monroe County is part of the upstate Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.
Johnny Douglas (conductor)
John Henry Douglas (19 June 1920 – 20 April 2003) was an English composer, pianist, musical director, conductor, and string arranger primarily working with film scores and orchestras. He recorded more 500 tracks for Decca Records, over 80 albums for RCA Records, and provided music for 36 films during his career. He was nominated for a BAFTA for his soundtrack for the 1970 film The Railway Children and led RCA'S Living Strings for many years. In addition to films, Douglas composed and conducted music for television series including Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, Dungeons & Dragons, The Incredible Hulk, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, and The Transformers.

Dulcima (1971 film)
Dulcima is a 1971 British drama film directed by Frank Nesbitt. It was entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival. The story revolves around a love triangle: a farmer, his housekeeper and the handsome neighbour.
Sun Ripened Warm Tomato Party
The Sun Ripened Warm Tomato Party (SRWT or SRWTP) was an Australian joke political party that contested the first election for the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in 1989.

The SRWTP was one of six parties formed by "provocateur" Emile Brunoro for the 1989 election − the others being Party! Party! Party!, the Surprise Party, Home Rule OK, A Better Idea and Sleepers Wake. Brunoro planned to register a total of 17 parties (including one called the "Pre-Selection Party") and stand as a candidate for all of them, but was prevented by a $100 fee and the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) closing a loophole in the electoral rules.

Residents Rally
The Residents Rally (RR), officially known as the Residents Rally for Canberra Inc and also known simply as the Rally, was an Australian political party that was active during the early years of self-government in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It was led by human rights lawyer Bernard Collaery, who described it as a "community-based urban green party".

The Rally was part of the Alliance government with the Liberals and the Independents Group between December 1989 and May 1991, with Collaery serving as deputy chief minister and attorney-general. After the Rally was sacked from the government, its MLAs supported a no-confidence motion which saw Labor leader Rosemary Follett return as chief minister.

After failing to win any seats at the 1992 election, the Rally faded away and disbanded in the mid-1990s without contesting the 1995 election.
The Bellingen Shire Courier-Sun
The Bellingen Shire Courier-Sun is a weekly newspaper published in Bellingen, New South Wales, Australia by Australian Community Media. It has been published under a variety of titles since 1889, including The Northern Courier, The Raleigh Sun, Seaboard Valley Star and The Bellinger Courier-Sun.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
Symmedian
In geometry, symmedians are three particular lines associated with every triangle. They are constructed by taking a median of the triangle (a line connecting a vertex with the midpoint of the opposite side), and reflecting the line over the corresponding angle bisector (the line through the same vertex that divides the angle there in half). The angle formed by the symmedian and the angle bisector has the same measure as the angle between the median and the angle bisector, but it is on the other side of the angle bisector. In short, they are the lines of symmetry of the incentre and centroid.

The three symmedians meet at a triangle center called the Lemoine point. Ross Honsberger has called its existence "one of the crown jewels of modern geometry".

Median (geometry)
In geometry, a median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side, thus bisecting that side. Every triangle has exactly three medians, one from each vertex, and they all intersect at the triangle's centroid. In the case of isosceles and equilateral triangles, a median bisects any angle at a vertex whose two adjacent sides are equal in length.
The concept of a median extends to tetrahedra.
Chinatowns in Africa
This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. There are at least three major Chinatowns in Africa.

As former colonies of Europe, the coastal African nations of Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa were the main receiving points of Chinese immigrants from the 1890s to the early part of the 20th century. The early Chinese arrived to labour in the Transvaal gold mines of South Africa and on the Tananrive Tamatave railway of Madagascar. Many of these Chinese immigrants were exploited.

Today, South Africa remains the top African destination for first-generation Chinese-speaking immigrants.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
FloopaLoo, Where Are You?
FloopaLoo, Where Are You? (French: Flapacha, où es-tu?, also simply called Floopaloo) is a French animated series based on an original idea by Xilam's producer, Marc du Pontavice, and developed by Fabien Limousin with designs by Aurore Damant and Emmanuelle Fleury. Produced by Xilam in co-production with France Télévisions and in association with Castelrosso Films and Rai Fiction, the series ran from 4 February 2011 to 4 December 2014 for two seasons and 104 episodes of 11 minutes each.

Xilam
Xilam Animation SAS  is a French animation studio which specializes in making animated television series and feature films. Marc du Pontavice and his wife Alix de Maistre founded it in 1999 as a replacement for the animation division of Gaumont Multimédia, which was itself an offshoot of the company's television division Gaumont Télévision, a company he co-founded in 1990.
I've Never Been to Me (album)
I've Never Been to Me is a studio album by American singer Nancy Wilson, released by Capitol Records in June 1977. It was produced by Gene and Billy Page, who had previously worked with Wilson on All in Love Is Fair (1974) and Come Get to This (1975). Gene Page also served as arranger and conductor for most songs. Garry Sherman produced and arranged four songs. As with most of Wilson's albums from the 1970s, I've Never Been to Me features more of an R&B and soul music sound.

Come Get to This (album)
Come Get to This is a studio album by American singer Nancy Wilson, released by Capitol Records in June 1975. Gene Page did the arrangements and conducting, and co-produced the album with his brother Billy Page. One of several R&B-oriented albums that Wilson recorded during the 1970s, Come Get To This included musicians such as Ray Parker Jr. and members of The Crusaders, along with songs written by Marvin Gaye, Leon Ware & Pam Sawyer, and Gene & Billy Page.

Andy Kellman at AllMusic said, "Wilson offers lush and expressive R&B [that should] disarm skeptics from both sides of the pointless jazz/R&B divide," and that the album "should not have been out of print for so long."

Come Get to This reached No. 14 on Billboard's Soul chart and No. 119 on the Billboard 200.

In 2011, SoulMusic Records released a digitally remastered version of the album, paired with All in Love Is Fair, Wilson's previous album, which was also produced by Gene Page.
Östbergahöjden metro station
Östbergahöjden is a future underground station on the Yellow Line of the Stockholm Metro, expected to open in 2034. It will be located in the southeastern part of the Östberga district in southern Stockholm Municipality, between the planned stations Årstafältet and Älvsjö.

Stockholm Municipality
Stockholm Municipality (Swedish: Stockholms kommun) or the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It has the largest population of the 290 municipalities of the country, but one of the smallest areas, making it the second most densely populated. It is also the most populous municipality in the Nordic countries.

Although legally a municipality with the official proper name Stockholms kommun, the municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige) has decided to use the name Stockholms stad (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. This is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.

Geographically, the city comprises the Stockholm City Centre and two suburban areas, Söderort (South Stockholm) and Västerort (West Stockholm). Administratively, it is subdivided into 14 districts (sometimes incorrectly called "boroughs" in English), which are administered by district councils (stadsdelsnämnder).
Nippon Screw Weight System
The Nippon Screw Weight System (NSWS) is an on-site ground survey machine that examines the geotechnical engineering properties of soil. The NSWS was developed to encounter weather abnormalities and natural hazards, saving human lives.

Introduced in 2012 by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), the NSWS was designed to overcome problems with the Method for standard penetration test (SPT).

NSWS was created by 耕三 大北, was the member of 311 earthquake disaster committee
 of the Japanese Geotechnical Society. The society released a report in June, 2012 proposing to the Japanese government a use of NSWS to investigate the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
Nadeo Argawinata
Nadeo Argawinata (born 9 March 1997), also known as Nadeo Winata, is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Super League club Borneo Samarinda and the Indonesia national team.

2020 AFF Championship
The 2020 AFF Championship (officially AFF Suzuki Cup 2020 for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the AFF Championship, the football championship of nations affiliated to the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF), the 7th and the last edition under the name AFF Suzuki Cup.

The final tournament was originally scheduled to run from 23 November to 31 December 2020. However, the tournament was postponed and rescheduled at least twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the tournament was first rescheduled to run from 11 April to 8 May 2021 and the schedule later pushed backed further to 5 December 2021 to 1 January 2022. Singapore was chosen as host of the tournament in a centralised location.

Vietnam were the defending champions, but were eliminated by their rivals, Thailand in the semi-finals. Thailand won the tournament by a 6–2 victory in the two-legged final against Indonesia to secure their sixth title.
Formal group law
In mathematics, a formal group law is (roughly speaking) a formal power series behaving as if it were the product of a Lie group. They were introduced by S. Bochner (1946). The term formal group sometimes means the same as formal group law, and sometimes means one of several generalizations. Formal groups are intermediate between Lie groups (or algebraic groups) and Lie algebras. They are used in algebraic number theory and algebraic topology.

Algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological problems, using topology to solve algebraic problems is sometimes also possible. Algebraic topology, for example, allows for a convenient proof that any subgroup of a free group is again a free group.