hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autolinee Toscane
Autolinee Toscane S.p.A. (also known as at) is a private Italian-French company, wholly owned by RATP Dev, active in the local public transport sector. It manages several urban and suburban bus lines in Tuscany for a total of 1.7 million kilometres travelled annually.

It is part of a temporary association of companies ColBus together with MAS+, the latter owned by F.lli Alterini, S.A.M. and F.lli Magherini, and holds 33% of the company Li-nea, also owned by ATAF Gestioni and Cooperativa Autotrasporti Pratesi.

Iveco Bus
Iveco Bus (formerly known as Irisbus) is a bus manufacturer with headquarters in Turin. Iveco Bus is now only a brand division of Iveco which is a company incorporated under Dutch law and listed on Borsa Italiana.
1986 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1986 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986. Republican Tommy G. Thompson won the election with 53% of the vote, winning his first term as Governor of Wisconsin and defeating incumbent Governor Anthony S. Earl. This was the first time since 1962 that the winner of a Wisconsin gubernatorial election was of the same party as the incumbent president. Jonathan B. Barry unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination.

Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
Manitowoc County (/ˈmænɪtəwɒk/ ⓘ MAN-it-ə-wok) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 81,359. Its county seat is Manitowoc. The county was created in 1836 prior to Wisconsin's statehood and organized in 1848. Manitowoc County comprises the Manitowoc, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Vultee V-11
The Vultee V-11 and V-12 were American stressed-skin monocoque monoplane attack aircraft of the 1930s. Developed from the Vultee V-1 single-engined airliner, the V-11 and V-12 were purchased by several nations for their armed forces, including China, who used them in combat against Japanese forces in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The United States Army Air Corps purchased seven V-11s as the YA-19 in the years before World War II, testing them to gather data to compare against twin engine light attack aircraft.

Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, romanized: Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik, lit. 'Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'; abbr. VVS SSSR; sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") was one of  two air forces belonging to the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II. The groups were also involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former Soviet republics, including the new Russian Air Force. The "March of the Pilots" was its marching song.
Deinacrida mahoenui
Deinacrida mahoenui, the Mahoenui giant wētā, is a flightless insect in the giant wētā family Anostostomatidae. It is endemic to the area of Mahoenui, New Zealand, and the world population for some time was restricted to a single patch of introduced gorse on farmland.

Anostostomatidae
Anostostomatidae is a family of insects in the order Orthoptera, widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. It is named Mimnermidae or Henicidae in some taxonomies, and common names include king crickets in Australia and South Africa, and wētā in New Zealand (although not all wētā are in Anostostomatidae). Prominent members include the Parktown prawn of South Africa, and the giant wētā of New Zealand.
Jimi Manuwa
Babajimi Abiola "Jimi" Manuwa Listenⓘ(born 18 February 1980) is an American-born English retired mixed martial artist who competed in the light heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
1977 Raquette d'Or
The 1977 Raquette d'Or was a men's tennis tournament staged in Aix-en-Provence, France that was part of the One star category of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts and was held from 26 September until 2 October 1977. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament. Ilie Năstase won the singles title. In a five-set final against Guillermo Vilas he had won the first two sets when Vilas retired in protest of Năstase's use of a spaghetti strung racquet (which was banned shortly after by the ITF).

1977 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF, later the ITF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The Colgate-Palmolive Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix ranking. Colgate-Palmolive was the new tour sponsor, taking over from Commercial Union. Guillermo Vilas won the Grand Prix circuit, having accumulated the most points (2,047), and received the largest share from the bonus pool ($300,000). The top eight points ranked singles players as well as the top four doubles teams qualified for the season-ending Masters tournament
Glenhalvøya
Glenhalvøya is a peninsula in Orvin Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, between Finn Malmgren Fjord and Duvefjorden. It is named after Arctic explorer Alexander Richard Glen. The island of Søre Repøya is separated from the peninsula by the strait of Gilessundet.

Orvin Land
Orvin Land is the land area of the northeastern part of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, east of Duvefjorden, including the lower part of Austfonna. The area is named after geologist Anders Kristian Orvin. Orvin Land is bordered by Prins Oscars Land to the east and Austfonna to the south.
Thomas de Chaddesworth
Christianity portal

Thomas de Chaddesworth,  de Chedworth or de Chadsworth (c. 1230-1311) was an English-born Crown servant and cleric who spent some fifty years in Ireland, and died there at a great age.

He was Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1284 until his death in 1311, having previously been the Cathedral Chancellor from 1266 to 1284. He was the first known Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer (appointed in 1270), and a judge of the Irish Court of Common Pleas. He failed twice to become Archbishop of Dublin, but was compensated with the office of Vicar-General to the Archbishop.

Archbishop of Dublin
The Archbishop of Dublin (Irish: Ard-Easpag Bhaile Átha Cliath) is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name from Dublin, Ireland. Since the Reformation, there have been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also holds the title of Primate of Ireland.
Liverpool Central High Level railway station
Liverpool Central High Level was a terminus railway station in central Liverpool, England. It opened on 1 March 1874, at the western end of the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) line to Manchester Central. It replaced Brunswick as the CLC's Liverpool passenger terminus, becoming the headquarters of the committee.

Manchester Central railway station
Manchester Central was a railway station in Manchester city centre, England. One of Manchester's main railway terminals between 1880 and 1969, the building was converted into an exhibition and conference centre which was opened in 1986; originally known as G-MEX, it is now named Manchester Central. The structure is a Grade II* listed building.

On 27 March 2020, the UK government announced that the building would be converted into an emergency hospital, intended to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and with 1,000 beds. It was opened in April 2020 and closed in March 2021.
Banksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida
Banksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida is a variety of Banksia subpinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

Banksia subpinnatifida
Banksia subpinnatifida is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has more or less linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, golden yellow flowers in heads of about sixty, and glabrous, elliptical follicles.
Ludwik Regamey
Ludwik Regamey (1877-1967) was a Polish construction engineer by trade. He worked in Bydgoszcz where he had a very active associative life as a musician. He was the first chairman of the Alliance Française in Bydgoszcz. After moving to France in 1934, he was a formidable promoter of French and Polish culture exchanges till his demise in 1977, in Toulouse.

Mechanical School No. 1, Bydgoszcz
The building of the Mechanical School in Bydgoszcz is a historic public edifice, serving educational purposes, located at 37 Świętej Trójcy Street, in downtown. It is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Andrew Murrogh
Andrew FitzJames Morrough (fl. c.1650 – c.1692) was an Irish Jacobite politician.

Morrough was the son of James Morrough. In 1668 he was admitted to Gray's Inn and was later called to the Irish bar. Under a new charter granted to Kinsale by James II, from 28 February 1687 he held the office of Recorder of Kinsale. A supporter of James II, in 1689 he was elected to the short-lived Patriot Parliament as a Member of Parliament for Kinsale alongside Miles de Courcy. He also served as a tax assessor for County Cork. Following the conclusion of the Williamite War in Ireland, Morrough lost land amounting to a value of £80 per year in the Williamite land confiscations.

Patriot Parliament
The Patriot Parliament is the name commonly used for the Irish Parliament session called by King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland which lasted from 1688 to 1691. The first since 1666, it held only one session, which lasted from 7 May 1689 to 20 July 1689. Irish nationalist historian Sir Charles Gavan Duffy first used the term Patriot Parliament in 1893.

The House of Commons was 70 members short since there were no elections in the northern counties; as a result, its members were overwhelmingly Old English and Catholic. Sir Richard Nagle was elected speaker, while the House of Lords was led by Baron Fitton; the opposition was led by Anthony Dopping, a Church of Ireland cleric who served as the Bishop of Meath.

The term is controversial, for this Parliament was deeply divided. The deliberate destruction of its records after 1695 means that assessments, both negative and positive, often rely on individual accounts.
Lisa Kron
Elizabeth S. "Lisa" Kron (born May 20, 1961) is an American actress and playwright. She is best known for writing the lyrics and book for the musical Fun Home, for which she won both the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical. Fun Home was also awarded the Tony Award for Best Musical in 2015 and the 2014 Obie Award for writing for musical theater.

Ben Brantley
Benjamin D. Brantley (born October 26, 1954) is an American theater critic, journalist, editor, publisher, and writer. He served as the chief theater critic for The New York Times from 1996 to 2017, and as co-chief theater critic from 2017 to 2020.
Area formula (geometric measure theory)
In geometric measure theory the area formula relates the Hausdorff measure of the image of a Lipschitz map, while accounting for multiplicity, to the integral of the Jacobian of the map. It is one of the fundamental results of the field that has connections, for example, to rectifiability and Sard's theorem.

Definition: Given  and , the multiplicity function , is the (possibly infinite) number of points in the preimage . The multiplicity function is also called the Banach indicatrix. Note that . Here,  denotes the n-dimensional Hausdorff measure, and  will denote the n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.

Theorem: If  is Lipschitz and , then for any measurable ,

where

is the Jacobian of .

The measurability of the multiplicity function is part of the claim. The Jacobian is defined almost everywhere by Rademacher's differentiability theorem.

The theorem was proved first by Herbert Federer (Federer 1969).

Rademacher's theorem
In mathematical analysis, Rademacher's theorem, named after Hans Rademacher, states the following: If U is an open subset of Rn and f: U → Rm is Lipschitz continuous, then f is differentiable almost everywhere in U; that is, the points in U at which f is not differentiable form a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Differentiability here refers to infinitesimal approximability by a linear map, which in particular asserts the existence of the coordinate-wise partial derivatives.
Sushila Samad
Sushila Samad or Sushila Samanta (Hindi: सुशीला सामद) (7 June 1906 – 10 December 1960) was an Adivasi Hindi poet, journalist, editor, and publisher. She was an active organiser of the Indian freedom movement. She belongs to the Munda tribal family of the village of Laujoda in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Munda people
The Munda people are an Austroasiatic-speaking ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They speak Mundari as their native language, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found mainly concentrated in the south and East Chhotanagpur Plateau region of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. The Munda also reside in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh as well as in portions of Bangladesh, Nepal, and the Indian state of Tripura. They are one of India's largest scheduled tribes. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura. In the Kolhan region of Jharkhand the Munda people are often called Tamadia by other communities.
Nguyễn Đỗ Cung
Nguyễn Đỗ Cung (1912 - 22 September 1977) was a Vietnamese artist. He was a student of EBAI in Hanoi. In 1946, he was one of the first, with  Tô Ngọc Vân and Nguyễn Thị Kim to make portraits of Ho Chi Minh.

In 1963, Cung was entrusted with finding a site for a Vietnam Museum of Fine Arts (vi:Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam). He selected an abandoned Catholic girls boarding house, run as the Famille de Jean d'Arc, built in 1937. He was awarded the Ho Chi Minh Prize for fine art in 1996.

Tô Ngọc Vân
Tô Ngọc Vân (蘇玉雲, 15 December 1906 or 1908 – 17 June 1954), also known as Tô Tử, was a Vietnamese painter. Several of his paintings are being displayed at the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts. He taught a resistance art class in the northern zone during the war with the French, and died as the result of injuries received at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ.
He was among the first recipients of the Ho Chi Minh Prize in 1996.

He worked as painting teacher in Bưởi school, professor at the École des Beaux-Arts de l’Indochine and principal of the Việt Bắc Art School and has had significant influence on a whole generation of artists in Vietnam.

Vân contributed to the magazines of Tự Lực văn đoàn ("Self-Strengthening literary group") by drawing cartoons on current events, social issues, and everyday live.

The To Ngoc Van (crater) on Mercury was named in his honour.
Prague 14
Prague 14 is a municipal district in Prague since 1994. It is located in the north-eastern part of the city, east of district Prague 9. It consists of four cadastres: Hloubětín (part), Kyje, Černý Most and Hostavice.

The administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name consists of municipal districts Prague 14 and Dolní Počernice.

Two notable historic buildings can be found in the district: Saint Bartholomew church in Kyje and Saint George church in Hloubětín, both founded in the 13th century.

Hostavice
Hostavice became part of Prague in 1968. Now it is part of the district of Prague 9 (Prague 14) and is a cadastral area on its own.

The area is 1,98 km2 and the population is 3,800 as of the 2021 census.

There is château, nature park (Klánovice-Čihadla) and nature reserve (V Pískovně).

Most of inhabitants of cadastral area of Hostavice live in settlement Jahodnice.
USS Santee (CVE-29)
USS Santee (AVG/ACV/CVE/CVHE-29), was a US Navy escort carrier of World War II. Originally built as Seakay, one of twelve tankers built by a joint Navy-Maritime Commission design. This design was later duplicated and designated a T3-S2-A1 oiler. She was acquired by the Navy in 1940, and renamed Santee (AO-29), a Cimarron-class fleet oiler. In 1942, she was converted to a Sangamon-class escort carrier. Originally classified as an "Aircraft Escort Vessel", AVG-29, on 9 January 1942, she was reclassified an "Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier", ACV-29, 20 August 1942, before finally being classified as an "Escort Carrier", CVE-29, 15 July 1943. After the war, she was later classified an "Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier" and again redesignated, CVHE-29, 12 June 1955. She was named after the Santee River, in South Carolina.

T3 tanker
The T3 tanker, or T3, are a class of seaworthy large tanker ships produced in the United States and used to transport fuel oil, gasoline or diesel before and during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The T3 tanker classification is still used today. The T3 tanker has a full load displacement of about 24,830 tons.
Frequency-shift keying
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies.  The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers,  and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands.  The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK, which is also commonly referred to as 2FSK or 2-FSK), in which the carrier is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information.

Sideband
In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or lower than the carrier frequency, that are the result of the modulation process.  The sidebands carry the information transmitted by the radio signal. The sidebands comprise all the spectral components of the modulated signal except the carrier. The signal components above the carrier frequency constitute the upper sideband (USB), and those below the carrier frequency constitute the lower sideband (LSB). All forms of modulation produce sidebands.
St. Petersburg paradox
The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion that takes only the expected value into account predicts a course of action that presumably no actual person would be willing to take. Several resolutions to the paradox have been proposed, including the impossible amount of money a casino would need to continue the game indefinitely.

The problem was invented by Nicolas Bernoulli, who stated it in a letter to Pierre Raymond de Montmort on September 9, 1713. However, the paradox takes its name from its analysis by Nicolas' cousin Daniel Bernoulli, one-time resident of Saint Petersburg, who in 1738 published his thoughts about the problem in the Commentaries of the Imperial Academy of Science of Saint Petersburg.

Ducat
The ducat (/ˈdʌkət/ DUK-ət) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around 3.5 grams (0.11 troy ounces) of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide international acceptance over the centuries. Similarly named silver ducatons also existed. The gold ducat circulated along with the Florentine florin and preceded the modern British pound sterling.
8th federal electoral district of Puebla
The 8th federal electoral district of Puebla (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 08 de Puebla) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 16 such districts in the state of Puebla.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Carlos Ignacio Mier Bañuelos of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Shanghai Municipal Investment Group
Shanghai Municipal Investment (Group) Corporation, also known as Shanghai Chengtou, is a municipal wealth fund of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. It is one of the major shareholders of Greenland Holdings (for 20.55% shares), as well as another listed company Shanghai SMI Holding (SSE: 600649). The group owned a minority interest (33.43% stake) in Shentong Metro Group.

The group is the investor of Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge, under a subsidiary (Chinese: 上海城投公路投资集团) for 60% stake directly and 40% indirectly (via Chinese: 上海公路建设). SMI Holding was a constituent of SSE 180 Index and its sub-index SSE MidCap Index.

Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third-largest stock market by market capitalization, exceeding $6 trillion in July 2024. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and is often affected by the decisions of the central government due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese authorities.

In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).