hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government contract flight
A government contract flight is a type of charter airline operation contracted with a government agency.

In the United States, the massive mobility requirements during World War II proved that military transport could not meet all the logistical needs that might arise.  As a result, the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) was developed to use airline capacity to provide maximum airlift support in wartime situations.  As a benefit, airlines that commit planes to CRAF are able to receive peacetime government contracts in an amount proportional to the airline's potential wartime mobilization value.  This is the basis for most routine military charter flights.  The government receives an extremely economical source of emergency capacity as well as reasonable costs for peacetime military transportation.

Aviano Air Base
Aviano Air Base (IATA: AVB, ICAO: LIPA) (Italian: Base aerea di Aviano) is a base in northeastern Italy, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. It is located in the Aviano municipality, at the foot of the Carnic Pre-Alps or Southern Carnic Alps, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Pordenone.

The Italian Air Force has ownership, and administrative and military control of the base. It hosts the U.S. Air Force's 31st Fighter Wing and per nuclear sharing is one of six active air bases in five European countries with B61 nuclear bombs in underground WS3 Weapon Storage and Security System inside aircraft shelters.

The 31st Fighter Wing is the only U.S. fighter wing south of the Alps. The 31st Fighter Wing is made up of two General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter squadrons, the 555th Fighter Squadron and the 510th Fighter Squadron, allowing it to fly both attack and defensive missions.
Achterwehr
Achterwehr is a municipality, located in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde in the German Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein.

Achterwehr is situated 12 km west of Kiel and about 5 km south of the Kiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal). The Autobahn 210 from Kiel to Rendsburg passes to the north of Achterwehr, and the river Eider crosses it.

Achterwehr is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Achterwehr.

Rendsburg
Rendsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛntsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Danish: Rendsborg, also Rensborg, Low German: Rendsborg, also Rensborg) is a town on the River Eider and the Kiel Canal in the central part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) of Rendsburg-Eckernförde. As of 2006, it had a population of 28,476
Otovec
Otovec (pronounced [ˈoːtɔʋəts]; German: Otawitz) is a settlement northwest of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

A stone railroad viaduct with fifteen arches on high columns stands in the southern part of the settlement. The viaduct was built in 1914 and damaged during the Second World War. It was repaired after the war.

The local church stands north of the settlement in Sela pri Otovcu.

Črnomelj
Črnomelj (pronounced [tʃəɾˈnòːməl] ⓘ; in older sources also Černomelj, German: Tschernembl) is a town in southeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Črnomelj. It lies on the left bank of the Lahinja and Dobličica rivers. The municipality is at the heart of the area of White Carniola, the southeastern part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlets of Čardak, Kočevje, Kozji Plac, Loka, and Nova Loka.
Vandenberg Launch Complex 576
Launch Complex 576 is a group of rocket launch pads at Vandenberg Space Force Base. The pads were used from 1959 until 1971 to launch SM-65 Atlas missiles. The site was also known as Complex ABRES. Pads in Area 576 include 576A-1, 576A-2 and 576A-3, 576B-1, 576B-2 and 576B-3, 576-C, 576-D, 576-E, OSTF-1 and OSTF-2.

The first operational launch of an Atlas missile by the Strategic Air Command was conducted from 576A-2 by the 576th Strategic Missile Squadron on 9 September 1959. It impacted 4,480 nautical miles (8,300 km) away, near Wake Island.

The first Atlas F launch at Vandenberg took place from 576-E on 1 August 1962. Orbital Sciences Corporation now launches their Taurus rockets from 576-E. The LC 576E is also a candidate site for launches of Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) boosters. The USAF and Missile Defense Agency anticipate a minimum of three KEI launches per year from 2009 to at least 2012.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Mieming Range
The Mieming(er) Range, Mieminger Chain (German: Mieminger Kette)  or Mieminger Mountains (Mieminger Gebirge), is a mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps in the Eastern Alps. It is located entirely in Austria within the state of Tyrol.
This sub-group is somewhat in the shadows of its more famous neighbour, the Wetterstein to the north. Whilst the region around the Coburger Hut and the lakes of Seebensee and Drachensee in the west (Ehrwalder Sonnenspitze and Vorderer Tajakopf with its new klettersteig over the Tajakante) and the Hohe Munde in the extreme east receive large numbers of visitors, the less developed central area remains very quiet. The Hohe Munde is also a popular and challenging  ski touring destination.

Public transport links: The Außerfern Railway stops at Ehrwald on the western side of the range. Busses run from Leutasch on the southern side of the mountains to Mittenwald and Seefeld in Tirol.

Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide, and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched.
Register window
In computer engineering, register windows are a feature which dedicates registers to a subroutine by dynamically aliasing a subset of internal registers to fixed, programmer-visible registers. Register windows are implemented to improve the performance of a processor by reducing the number of stack operations required for function calls and returns. One of the most influential features of the Berkeley RISC design, they were later implemented in instruction set architectures such as AMD Am29000, Intel i960, Sun Microsystems SPARC, and Intel Itanium.

Register allocation
In compiler optimization, register allocation is the process of assigning local automatic variables and expression results to a limited number of processor registers.

Register allocation can happen over a basic block (local register allocation), over a whole function/procedure (global register allocation), or across function boundaries traversed via call-graph (interprocedural register allocation). When done per function/procedure the calling convention may require insertion of save/restore around each call-site.
Stochastically stable equilibrium
In game theory, a stochastically stable equilibrium is a refinement of the evolutionarily stable state in evolutionary game theory, proposed by Dean Foster and Peyton Young. An evolutionary stable state S is also stochastically stable if under vanishing noise, the probability that the population is in the vicinity of state S does not go to zero.

The concept is extensively used in models of learning in populations, where "noise" is used to model experimentation or replacement of unsuccessful players with new players (random mutation). Over time, as the need for experimentation dies down or the population becomes stable, the population will converge towards a subset of evolutionarily stable states. Foster and Young have shown that this subset is the set of states with the highest potential.

Evolutionary game theory
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and analytics into which Darwinian competition can be modelled. It originated in 1973 with John Maynard Smith and George R. Price's formalisation of contests, analysed as strategies, and the mathematical criteria that can be used to predict the results of competing strategies.

Evolutionary game theory differs from classical game theory in focusing more on the dynamics of strategy change. This is influenced by the frequency of the competing strategies in the population.

Evolutionary game theory has helped to explain the basis of altruistic behaviours in Darwinian evolution. It has in turn become of interest to economists, sociologists, anthropologists, and philosophers.
Monroe, Jackson County, Ohio
Monroe (previously known as Monroe Furnace and Monroe Station) is an unincorporated community in Jefferson Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States. It is located southwest of Oak Hill on Ohio State Route 140 between Blackfork Junction and Firebrick, at 38°51′23″N 82°37′45″W﻿ / ﻿38.85639°N 82.62917°W﻿ / 38.85639; -82.62917.

The community of Monroe Furnace was founded around the Monroe Furnace, built in 1855. The Monroe Station Post Office was established on October 18, 1861, discontinued on March 21, 1864, re-established on September 29, 1868, discontinued again on February 29, 1884, re-established again on November 30, 1888, and ultimately discontinued again on May 3, 1890. Mail service is now handled through the Samsonville branch.

Firebrick, Ohio
Firebrick (previously known as Spencer) is an unincorporated community in Washington Township, Lawrence County, Ohio, United States. It is located between Oak Hill and South Webster near the intersection of Ohio State Route 140 and Blackfork-Firebrick Road.
Anton Kuivanen
Anton Kuivanen (born May 1, 1984) is an Estonian-Finnish mixed martial artist and coach. Kuivanen trains and teaches at the GB Gym, which is located in Helsinki, Finland and he has also had training camps in American Top Team located in Coconut Creek, Florida.

2012 in UFC
The year 2012 was the 20th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States. 2012 started with UFC 142: Aldo vs. Mendes and ended with UFC 155: dos Santos vs. Velasquez 2. The year saw the successful UFC Featherweight title defense by José Aldo, the crowning of Carlos Condit as the Interim Welterweight Champion, a new Lightweight Champion in Benson Henderson, a tournament to crown the first UFC Flyweight Champion as well as the finales of The Ultimate Fighter 15 and The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil.
French Chess Championship
The French Chess Championship is the annual, national chess tournament of France. It was officially first played in 1923
after the formation of the Fédération Française des Echecs in 1921. The first unofficial national tournament was played in 1880, in the Café de la Régence, where further edition were held in 1881 and 1883. The 1903 and 1914 tournaments were the first real predecessors of the official championship. They ran under the name Championnat de France des amateurs (Championship of the chess enthusiasts).

Café de la Régence
The Café de la Régence (French pronunciation: [kafe d(ə) la ʁeʒɑ̃s]) in Paris was an important European centre of chess in the 18th and 19th centuries. All important chess masters of the time played there.

The Café's masters included, but are not limited to:

Paul Morphy

François-André Danican Philidor

Alexandre Deschapelles

Legall de Kermeur (Philidor's teacher)

Jules Arnous de Rivière

Adolf Anderssen

Samuel Rosenthal

Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant

Lionel Kieseritzky

Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais
1849 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1849 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 2, 1849. Former congressman and Whig nominee Joseph Trumbull defeated former congressman and Democratic nominee Thomas H. Seymour as well as former Senator and Free Soil nominee John M. Niles with 49.35% of the vote. Niles had previously been the Democratic nominee for this same office in 1840.

Trumbull won a plurality of the vote, but fell short of a majority. As a result, the Connecticut General Assembly elected the governor, per the state constitution. Trumbull won the vote over Seymour 122 to 110 in the General Assembly, and became the governor. This was the first of six consecutive elections in which the Free Soil Party participated.

1840 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1840 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1840. It was a rematch of the 1839 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Incumbent governor and Whig nominee William W. Ellsworth was re-elected, defeating former senator and Democratic nominee John M. Niles with 54.17% of the vote.

After his loss, Niles would be appointed Postmaster General by President Martin Van Buren, serving from May 19, 1840, until the end of Van Buren's term, March 4, 1841.
AD+
In set theory, AD+ is an extension, proposed by W. Hugh Woodin, to the axiom of determinacy. The axiom, which is to be understood in the context of ZF plus DCR (the axiom of dependent choice for real numbers), states two things:

Every set of real numbers is ∞-Borel.

For any ordinal λ < Θ, any A ⊆ ωω, and any continuous function π: λω → ωω, the preimage π−1[A] is determined. (Here, λω is to be given the product topology, starting with the discrete topology on λ.)

The second clause by itself is referred to as ordinal determinacy.

Determinacy
Determinacy is a subfield of game theory and set theory that examines the conditions under which one or the other player of a game has a winning strategy, and the consequences of the existence of such strategies. Alternatively and similarly, "determinacy" is the property of a game whereby such a strategy exists. Determinacy was introduced by Gale and Stewart in 1950, under the name determinateness.

The games studied in set theory are usually Gale–Stewart games—two-player games of perfect information in which the players make an infinite sequence of moves and there are no draws. The field of game theory studies more general kinds of games, including games with draws such as tic-tac-toe, chess, or infinite chess, or games with imperfect information such as poker.
Engineering consulting
Engineering consulting is the practice of performing engineering as a consulting engineer. It assists individuals, public and private companies with process management, idea organization, product design, fabrication, maintenance, repair and operations (MRO), servicing, tech advice, tech specifications, tech estimating, costing, budgeting, valuation, branding, and marketing. Engineering consulting involves an end to end product life cycle(PLM) process, product development management(PDM) tools and other development processing.

Engineering consulting firms may involve civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, environmental, chemical, industrial, and agricultural, electronics and telecom, computer and network, instrumentation and control, information technology, manufacturing and production, aerospace, marine, fire and safety, etc.

Agricultural engineering
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources.

An agricultural engineer is an engineer with an agriculture background. Agricultural engineers make the engineering designs and plans in an agricultural project, usually in partnership with an agriculturist who is more proficient in farming and agricultural science.
Actio popularis
An actio popularis was an action in Roman penal law brought by a member of the public in the interest of public order.

The action exists in some modern legal systems. For example, in Spain, an actio  popularis was accepted by Judge Garzón in June 1996 which charged that certain Argentine military officers had committed crimes of genocide and terrorism. The actions were brought by the Free Union of Lawyers, Izquierda Unida and the Madrid Argentine Association for Human Rights: private citizens and organisations who were not themselves the victims of the crimes in the action and who proceeded without the sanction of the public prosecuting authorities. In India, public interest litigation has been used to guarantee several human rights, including the right to health, livelihood, free and compulsory primary education, unpolluted environment, shelter, clean drinking water, privacy, legal aid, speedy trial, and several rights of under-trials, convicts and prisoners.

Roman litigation
The history of Roman law can be divided into three systems of procedure: that of legis actiones, the formulary system, and cognitio extra ordinem. Though the periods in which these systems were in use overlapped one another and did not have definitive breaks, the legis actio system prevailed from the time of the XII Tables (c. 450 BC) until about the end of the 2nd century BC, the formulary procedure was primarily used from the last century of the Republic until the end of the classical period (c. AD 200), and cognitio extra ordinem was in use in post-classical times.
Outline of the Book of Mormon
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Book of Mormon:

The Book of Mormon is a sacred text of the Latter Day Saint movement, which adherents believe contains the writings of ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from approximately 2200 BC to AD 421. It was first published in March 1830 by Joseph Smith as The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi.

Laman and Lemuel
In the Book of Mormon, Laman and Lemuel (/ˈleɪmən ... ˈlɛmjuːl/) are the two eldest sons of Lehi and the older brothers of Sam, Nephi, Jacob, and Joseph. According to the text, they lived around 600 BC. They were notable for their rebellion against Lehi and Nephi, becoming the primary antagonists of the First and Second Books of Nephi. Their descendants became known as the Lamanites and Lemuelites, while the descendants of Nephi and their other brothers became the Nephites. Disputes over the proper order of succession fueled disputes between the two peoples over the course of the Book of Mormon's narrative.
Sham Shui Po Barracks
Sham Shui Po Barracks was a British Army facility built in the 1920s in the Sham Shui Po area of Kowloon, Hong Kong. The base was bounded by Fuk Wa Street to the east, by Yen Chow Street and to the west by Tonkin Street and Camp Street.

The buildings on one side were known as Hankow Barracks, and the other Nanking Barracks. There was a large parade ground. Smaller buildings were later added, and the large Jubilee Buildings were constructed as married quarters.

Tonkin Street
Tonkin Street (Chinese: 東京街) is a street between Sham Shui Po and Cheung Sha Wan of New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It runs northeast to southwest and crosses many major roads in the Cheung Sha Wan area. After extensive reclamation in West Kowloon during the 1990s, an extension Tonkin Street West (東京街西) was built.
2023 UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup
The 2023 UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup (also known as the Tissot UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a multi-race tournament over a track cycling season. It was the third series of the UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup organised by the UCI.

UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup
UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup is a season-long track cycling competition held over three rounds in different locations around the world. It was established in 2021 as the successor to the UCI Track Cycling World Cup.
Spruce Street Harbor Park
The Spruce Street Harbor Park is an urban park at Penn's Landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Open during the summer, the park features a boardwalk along the Delaware River with a beachfront atmosphere.  Fireworks were planned on Independence Day holiday on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway.

The park's features include a beachfront with a boardwalk along the Delaware River, restaurants, bars, about 100 hammocks, and thousands of LED lights hung in the trees. The park has hammock lounges and two barges available for reservation. On Saturdays, it is host to the Art Star Pop Up Market, where local artists sell candles, soaps, ceramics, art, home goods, jewelry and more.

Penn's Landing
Penn's Landing is a waterfront area of Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, situated along the Delaware River. Its name commemorates the landing of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, in 1682. The actual landing site is farther south, in Chester. The city of Philadelphia purchased the right to use the name. Penn's Landing is bounded by Front Street to the west, the Delaware River to the east, Spring Garden Street to the north, and Washington Avenue to the south, and is primarily focused on the Christopher Columbus Boulevard (Delaware Avenue) corridor.

Development of the area is handled by the Delaware River Waterfront Corporation.  The corporation is a non-profit that was established in 2009 to manage the publicly owned land on the central waterfront on behalf of the City of Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Kapełków
Kapełków (German: Kapelka) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Sean Strickland
Sean Thomas Strickland (born February 27, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Middleweight Champion. A professional since 2008, he is a former Middleweight Champion of the King of the Cage. As of August 19, 2025, he is #3 in the UFC middleweight rankings.

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)