hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death and funeral of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother
On 30 March 2002 at 15:15 GMT, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (formerly Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon), widow to King George VI and mother to Queen Elizabeth II, died at the age of 101 at Royal Lodge, Windsor. The death of the Queen Mother set in motion Operation Tay Bridge, a plan detailing procedures including the dissemination of information, national mourning, and her funeral. Representatives of nations and groups around the world sent condolences to the Queen, the British people, and Commonwealth citizens. Flowers and messages of condolence were left by the public at royal residences, with members of the British royal family publicly paying tribute to the Queen Mother in the days after her death. Her funeral, held on 9 April 2002 at Westminster Abbey in London, attracted 10 million viewers in the United Kingdom and cost £5.4 million.

Timothy Laurence
Vice Admiral Sir Timothy James Hamilton Laurence (born 1 March 1955) is a British retired Royal Navy officer and husband of Anne, Princess Royal, the only sister of King Charles III.

Laurence served as equerry to Queen Elizabeth II from 1986 to 1989, before marrying her daughter, Princess Anne, in 1992.
Squirrel and Hedgehog
Squirrel and Hedgehog (Korean: 다람이와 고슴도치) is a North Korean animated series made by SEK Studio. Squirrel and Hedgehog is one of the most popular animated series in North Korea. The show was supposedly discontinued in 2012, which was around the time North Korean state television changed its broadcasting schedule, which cut several animated programs along with it.

The first episode of the show, produced in 1977, is based on a short novel published in a North Korean children's magazine in the 1970s. The short film was so popular with the public that the crew decided to turn the show into a series. In 2006, the producers said the show would be in production.

The series was re-aired on Korean Central Television since July 2023 for the show's 46th anniversary. It is currently being re-aired as of July 2025.

A sequel is currently in production, according to a report from the Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of the ruling party of North Korea.

Anti-Japanese sentiment
Anti-Japanese sentiment (also called Japanophobia, Nipponophobia and anti-Japanism) is the fear or dislike of Japan or Japanese culture. Anti-Japanese sentiment can take many forms, from antipathy toward Japan as a country to racist hatred of Japanese people.
Hajj-e Saleh-e Lusi
Hajj-e Saleh-e Lusi (Persian: حاج صالح لوسي, also Romanized as Ḩājj-e Şaleḩ-e Lūsī; also known as Şāleḩ-e Lūsī and Shahīd Dastgheyb) is a village in Hoseynabad Rural District, in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 467, in 59 families.

Hoseynabad Rural District (Shush County)
Hoseynabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان حسين آباد) is in the Central District of Shush County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Amaleh-ye Teymur. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Hashiyeh Sheykh Khalaf.
Optimal labor income taxation
Optimal labour income tax is a sub-area of optimal tax theory which refers to the study of designing a tax on individual labour income such that a given economic criterion like social welfare is optimized.

Pareto distribution
The Pareto distribution, named after the Italian polymath Vilfredo Pareto, is a power-law probability distribution that is used in description of social, quality control, scientific, geophysical, actuarial, and many other types of observable phenomena; the principle originally applied to describing the distribution of wealth in a society, fitting the trend that a large portion of wealth is held by a small fraction of the population.

The Pareto principle or "80:20 rule" stating that 80% of outcomes are due to 20% of causes was named in honour of Pareto, but the concepts are distinct, and only Pareto distributions with shape value (α) of   log 4 5 ≈ 1.16 precisely reflect it. Empirical observation has shown that this 80:20 distribution fits a wide range of cases, including natural phenomena and human activities.
Luria
Luria is a surname, a variant of Lurie. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Luria (1902–1977), Russian neuropsychologist

Elaine Luria (born 1975), United States Navy Commander and politician

Gina Luria Walker, American professor of women's studies

Isaac Luria (1534–1572), Jewish mystic from Safed

Itzhak Luria (swimmer) (born 1940), Israeli swimmer

Johanan Luria (c. 1445–1511), Alsatian Talmudist

Juan Luria (1862–1943), Polish-Jewish operatic baritone

Miriam Shapira-Luria, Talmudic scholar of the Late Middle Ages

Roger de Luria (c. 1245–1305), Sicilian/Aragonese admiral

Salvador Luria (1912–1991), Italian microbiologist

Solomon Luria (1510–1573), Ashkenazic rabbi

Zella Luria (1924–2018), American psychologist and feminist

Lurie
Lurie is often a Jewish surname, but also an Irish and English surname. The name is sometimes transliterated from/to other languages as Lurye, Luriye and Lure (from Russian), Lourié (in French).

Other variants include: Lurey, Loria, Luria, Luri, Luryi, Lurier, Laurie, Lourie, Laurier.
Lime Ridge Mall
Lime Ridge Mall (formerly corporately styled as "CF Lime Ridge") is a two-level indoor shopping mall in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Opened on September 13, 1981, it is the largest mall complex in the city, an 815,000-square-foot (75,700 m2) super-regional shopping centre with over 213 stores including department stores and big box stores. Sears closed in 2017. Hudson's Bay closed in 2025. It is located on 999 Upper Wentworth Street.

The mall, which includes an office building, was managed by Cadillac Fairview and has four floors of office space. Bell Media radio stations in Hamilton are tenants of the building.

On June 17, 2025, Primaris Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) acquired a 100 percent interest in the mall from an entity managed by Cadillac Fairview for $416 million.

In 1981, the Government of Ontario offered to build an elevated rapid transit line from the Lloyd D. Jackson Square in downtown Hamilton, to the mall. Hamilton turned the proposal down.

Cadillac Fairview
The Cadillac Fairview Corporation Limited, branded as Cadillac Fairview, is a Canadian company that invests in, owns, and manages commercial real estate, mainly in Canada and the United States. As of March 2017, the company had 73 properties, encompassing 50 million square feet, worth over $40 billion. As of September 2017, Cadillac Fairview's portfolio consisted of 60% Canadian retail (mainly major shopping centres) and 26% Canadian office buildings. Cadillac Fairview is wholly owned by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.
Opera North: history and repertoire, seasons 1981–82 to 1989–90
Opera North is an opera company based at the Grand Theatre, Leeds, England. This article covers the period between the severing of its ties with English National Opera and the departure of its founding music director David Lloyd-Jones.

Opera North
Opera North is an English opera company based in Leeds. The company's home theatre is the Leeds Grand Theatre, but it also presents regular seasons in several other cities, at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham, the Lowry Centre, Salford Quays and the Theatre Royal, Newcastle. The company's orchestra, the Orchestra of Opera North, regularly performs and records in its own right. Operas are performed either in English translation or in the original language of the libretto, in the latter case usually with surtitles.

The major funders of Opera North include Arts Council England and, in Yorkshire, Leeds City Council, West Yorkshire Grants, North Yorkshire County Council, and East Riding of Yorkshire Council.
Grape surgery
Grape surgery is the use of grapes as training models in surgical simulations. A video of the robotic da Vinci Surgical System peeling and stitching the skin of a grape, accompanied by the text "they did surgery on a grape", became an Internet meme in 2018.

Medical simulation
Medical simulation, or more broadly, healthcare simulation, is a branch of simulation related to education and training in medical fields of various industries. Simulations can be held in the classroom, in situational environments, or in spaces built specifically for simulation practice. It can involve simulated human patients (whether artificial, human or a combination of the two), educational documents with detailed simulated animations, casualty assessment in homeland security and military situations, emergency response, and support for virtual health functions with holographic simulation. In the past, its main purpose was to train medical professionals to reduce errors during surgery, prescription, crisis interventions, and general practice. Combined with methods in debriefing, it is now also used to train students in anatomy, physiology, and communication during their schooling.
Mastophora (alga)
Mastophora is a genus of thalloid alga comprising four species. The dimerous, crustose thalli comprise two groups of filaments.  The bulk of the thallus is made of erect filaments, which may be one or many cells long.  These grow approximately perpendicular to the filaments of a basal layer, usually one cell thick. haustoria, haustoria,  and palisade cellsare present in the organisms but lack secondary pit connections. Mastophora reproduces by means of conceptacles; it produces tetraspores and dispores.

Haustorium
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function.  Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level.

The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word haustor meaning the one who draws, drains or drinks, and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth.
Major general
Major general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general.

In English-speaking countries, when appointed to a field command, a major general is typically in command of a division consisting of around 6,000 to 25,000 troops (several regiments or brigades). It is a rank that is subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the rank of brigadier or brigadier general. In the Commonwealth, major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral. In air forces with a separate rank structure (Commonwealth), major general is equivalent to air vice-marshal.

In some countries including much of Eastern Europe, major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks without brigadier general rank.

Russian Ground Forces
The Russian Ground Forces (Russian: Сухопу́тные войска́ [СВ], romanized: Sukhopútnye Voyská [SV]), also known as the Russian Army in English, are the land forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders and land-based combat operations.
The president of Russia is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces is appointed by the president of Russia. The Main Command of the Ground Forces is based in Moscow.
Brezje pri Dobjem
Brezje pri Dobjem (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzjɛ pɾi ˈdoːbjɛm]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Dobje in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Dobje
The Municipality of Dobje (pronounced [ˈdoːbjɛ]; Slovene: Občina Dobje) is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The entire municipality has just over 1,000 inhabitants. Its seat is Dobje pri Planini.
General Aviation Revitalization Act
The General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994, also known by its initials GARA, is Public Law 103-298, an Act of Congress on Senate Bill S. 1458 (103rd Congress), amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.

It was intended to counteract the effects of prolonged product liability on general aviation aircraft manufacturers, by limiting the duration of their liability for the aircraft they produce.

GARA is a statute of repose generally shielding most manufacturers of aircraft (carrying fewer than 20 passengers), and aircraft parts, from liability for most accidents (including injury or fatality accidents) involving their products that are 18 years old or older (at the time of the accident), even if manufacturer negligence was a cause.

While GARA is considered a landmark event in the modern history of America's general aviation industry, debate continues over the effects and ethics of GARA.

Beechcraft Baron
The Beechcraft Baron is a light twin-engined piston aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft was introduced in 1961. It is a low-wing monoplane developed from the Beechcraft Travel Air.

The Baron was a success and remained in production for decades. In November 2025, Textron Aviation (the owner of Beechcraft) announced that production of the Baron and the related Beechcraft Bonanza will end once current orders are fulfilled. Textron plans to provide parts and support for the Baron indefinitely.
Himachal Pradesh University
Himachal Pradesh University (HPU) is a public state university at Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. It was established on 22 July 1970 by The Himachal Pradesh University Act, 1970 (HP Act No 17 of 1970) by the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The university has been awarded Grade 'A' by NAAC.

The University has a total of 13 faculties, 11 of which comprise 52 departments and 5 centers and institutes, which run 132 academic programmes.

St. Bede's College, Shimla
St. Bede's College is a women's college in Navbahar, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. The college was originally established as a teacher's training institute in 1904 by the Religious of Jesus and Mary.

Today, it offers courses in  Arts, Commerce, Sciences. and is the only college in Himachal Pradesh to receive an 'A+' re-accreditation by UGC-NAAC. Students are commonly known as Bedians.
Tigmamanukan
In Philippine mythology, the Tigmamanukan was believed by the Tagalog people to be an omen or augural bird. Although numerous other birds and lizards were observed for possible omens, particular attention was paid to the tigmamanukan. Before Christianisation, the Tagalogs believed the tigmamanukan was sent by the supreme deity and creator god Bathala as an oracle to mankind concerning whether or not they should proceed on a journey. In some Philippine creation myths, the tigmamanukan bird was sent by Bathala to split open the primordial bamboo whence the first man and woman came out.

Philippine mythology
Philippine mythology is rooted in the many indigenous Philippine folk religions. Philippine mythology exhibits influence from Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and Christian traditions.

Philippine mythology includes concepts akin to those in other belief systems, such as the notions of heaven (kaluwalhatian, kalangitan, kamurawayan), hell (kasamaan, sulad), and the human soul (kaluluwa, kaulolan, makatu, ginoand kud,...).

The primary use of Philippine mythology is to explain the nature of the world, human existence, and life's mysteries. Myths include narratives of heroes, deities (anito, Diwata), and mythological creatures. These myths were transmitted through oral tradition, handed down through generations guided by spiritual leaders or shamans, (babaylan, katalonan, mumbaki, baglan, machanitu, walian, mangubat, bahasa,...), and community elders.
Kvajvari
A kvajvari (Georgian: ქვაჯვარი, romanized: kvajvari) is a monumental stele in the shape of a cross in the Georgian Orthodox Christian tradition. The word kvajvari is composed of the words "kva" (ქვა), i.e. stone, and ‘jvari’ (ჯვარი), meaning cross, resulting "cross stone". The kvajvari steles became prominent after the christianization of the Georgian kingdom of Iberia in the early 4th century, during the reign of King Mirian III. Dozens of medieval kvajvari slabs survive to this day, but most of them are considerably damaged and fragmental. The tradition of erecting monumental crosses in the open air was widespread in Georgia, as it was similarly practiced in the Holy Land and in Eastern Christendom. The earliest kvajvari stelas are dated 5th century. Many medieval kvajvari stelas depicted the Bolnisi cross. A kvajvari stele was carved and erected with or without a pedestal.

Klarjeti
Klarjeti (Georgian: კლარჯეთი [kʼlaɾd͡ʒetʰi]) was a province of ancient and medieval Georgia, which is now part of Turkey's Artvin Province. Klarjeti, the neighboring province of Tao and several other smaller districts, constituted a larger region with shared history and culture conventionally known as Tao-Klarjeti.
Principality of Volhynia
The Principality of Volhynia (Ukrainian: Волинське князівство) was a western Kievan Rus' principality founded by the Rurikid prince Vsevolod in 987 centered in the region of Volhynia, straddling the borders of modern-day Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland. From 1069 to 1118, it belonged to the Izyaslavichi who primarily ruled from Turov (see Principality of Turov). After losing Turov to the Monomakhovichi in 1105, the descendants of Iziaslav Yaroslavovich for a few years continued to rule in Volhynia. From 1154 to 1199, the Principality was referred to as the Principality of Volodymyr (Latin: Lodomeria) when the Principality of Lutsk (1154–1228) was separated.

Roman the Great
Roman Mstislavich (c. 4 April 1152 – 19 June 1205), also known as Roman the Great, was Prince of Novgorod (1168–1170), Volhynia (1170–1189; 1189–1205), and Galicia (1189; 1198/99–1205). He founded the Romanovichi branch of Rurikids, which would rule Galicia–Volhynia until 1340.

By seizing the throne of Galicia, he dominated the western regions of Kievan Rus'. In the early 13th century, Byzantine chroniclers applied the imperial title of autocrate (αύτοκράτωρ) to him, but there is no evidence that he assumed it officially.

He waged two successful campaigns against the Cumans, from which he returned with many rescued captives. The effect of Roman's victory was, however, undermined by new divisions among the princes of Rus'.

Roman was killed during the Battle of Zawichost, where his forces were crushed the Polish forces led by Leszek the White, Duke of Sandomierz, and his brother Konrad I of Masovia.
Archives Plaza station
Archives Plaza station is a side platformed SacRT light rail station in Downtown Sacramento, California, United States. The station was opened on September 5, 1987, and is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District. It is served by all three light rail lines: Gold, Blue and Green Lines. The station is located along O Street between 10th and 12th Streets. The station is one block south of the California State Capitol and several state government buildings surround the station.

California State Capitol Museum
The California State Capitol Museum consists of a museum in and grounds around the California State Capitol in Sacramento, California, United States.  The building has been the home of the California State Legislature since 1869.  The State Capitol Museum has been a property in the California State Parks system since 1982.
Refrancore
Refrancore (Piedmontese: Ël Francó or Arfrancor) is a village and comune in the northwestern Italian province of Asti in the Piedmont region, located some 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Asti in the Basso Monferrato. The territory of the comune extends over an area of 13.15 square kilometres (5.08 sq mi) and is largely devoted to agriculture, in particular to vineyards growing the Grignolino and Barbera wine grapes.

Although having only around 1,600 official residents, the population and activity within the village is enhanced by the presence of holiday homes and surrounding hamlets which officially lie within other village boundaries.

Asti
Asti (UK: /ˈæsti/ AST-ee, US: /ˈɑːsti/ AH-stee; Italian: [ˈasti] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Ast [ˈɑst]) is a comune (municipality) of 74,348 inhabitants (1–1–2021) located in the Italian region of Piedmont, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin, in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.
Naas Oaks Trial
The Naas Oaks Trial is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Naas over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

The race was first run in 2012. It serves as a trial for the Irish Oaks and the most recent horse to win both races was Even So in 2020.

Naas Racecourse
Naas Racecourse is a horse racing venue in Naas, County Kildare, Ireland, approximately 18 miles from Dublin. The course stages both Flat racing and National Hunt racing and in 2010 fifteen race meetings were held there.

The Naas Races Company was formed in 1922 and the first meeting at the course was held on 19 June 1924. The course is left-handed with an uphill finish and a long run-in.

Naas stages several Grade Two National Hunt races, including the Slaney Novice Hurdle, Nas Na Riogh Novice Chase and the Johnstown Novice Hurdle, and one Group Three flat race, the Blue Wind Stakes. Another flat race, the Fillies' Sprint Stakes, held Group Three status from 2006 to 2010.

Amongst horses that have taken part in races at Naas are Ragusa, the 1963 Irish Derby and Eclipse Stakes winner, and Arkle, winner of the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 1964, 1965 and 1966.
Elsworth
Elsworth is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England, 9 miles northwest of Cambridge and 7 miles southeast of Huntingdon. At the 2011 census, the population was 726.

It was one of only two sites in Cambridgeshire to be covered by the Survey of English Dialects.

Huntingdon
Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there in 1599 and became one of its Members of Parliament (MP) in 1628. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as its MP from 1979 until his retirement in 2001.
Townsend (name)
Townsend is a topographic surname of Yorkshire and Norfolk origin, indicating residence at the extremity of a city or burgh (from Middle English touun "village", "hamlet", "stead" + ende "end".) Popular variants are Townshend (of Norfolk variety), and Townend.

Marie Townsend
Mary Mansfield Townsend Allen (July 16, 1851 – July 2, 1912) was an American author and composer who published her works under the names Marie Townsend and Mansfield Townsend.

Townsend was born in Canton, Pennsylvania, to Mary Ann Sharpe and Herman Townsend. She married William LeBaron Gibbs Allen on November 2, 1869, in Kidder, Missouri.

Townsend's publications include: