hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Station P (ocean measurement site)
Station P, or Station PAPA, is an ocean measurement site used to collect data on the salinity, density, pressure, and other variables found in the ocean. It is located at 50 degrees north latitude, 145 degrees west longitude (water depth, 4220 meters). Since December 19th, 1949, Station PAPA has been used to measure ocean climate, and has one of the oldest records of oceanic time series data.

The site was established by the US Navy in 1943.  In 1951, US funding to maintain continual presence ran out and observational responsibility was passed to Canada. The site was staffed continuously until 1981.  Starting in 2007, automated observations have been made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Emerton, New South Wales
Emerton is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Emerton is located 46 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Blacktown and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

Emerton is primarily a residential suburb with very limited commercial activity centred on the Emerton Leisure Centre. It is quite close to the suburbs of Mount Druitt, New South Wales and St Marys.

The suburb's boundary is formed to the south and east by Popondetta Road continuing north around the extent of Popondetta Park. To the west, the boundary runs along Halmahera Creek until the creek meets Luxford Road and follows the road south to the intersection with Popondetta Road.

St Marys, New South Wales
St Marys is a suburb in western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 45 kilometres (28 mi)west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith.

St Marys sits between South Creek which forms the western boundary and Ropes Creek, its eastern boundary. The Western train line splits the suburb into northern and southern halves. The northern portion of St Marys/Dunheved is abundant with trade (especially automotive), manufacturing, waste processing, and storage centres, yet also contains a leagues club. In contrast, the southern end of St Marys is a commercial and residential hub, with Queen Street functioning as the 'main street' retail district alongside separate shopping centres, a town square, a swimming pool, community centres, sports fields, and schools.
Lincoln Borglum Museum
The Lincoln Borglum Museum is located in the Mount Rushmore National Memorial near Keystone, South Dakota. It features two 125-seat theaters that show a 13-minute movie about Mount Rushmore. A view thought by many to be one of the best is located at Grandview Terrace, above the Museum. The Presidential Trail, a walking trail and boardwalk, starts at Grandview Terrace and winds through the Ponderosa pine forests to the Sculptor's Studio, providing close-up views of the memorial. The Sculptor's studio was built by Gutzon Borglum, and features discussion about the construction of the monument as well as the tools used. The amphitheater also has a 30-minute program at dusk that describes the construction of the memorial. Following that, the mountain is illuminated for two hours.

Gutzon Borglum
John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum (March 25, 1867 – March 6, 1941) was an American sculptor best known for his work on Mount Rushmore. He is also associated with various other public works of art across the U.S., including Stone Mountain in Georgia, statues of Union General Philip Sheridan in Washington, D.C., and in Chicago, as well as a bust of Abraham Lincoln exhibited in the White House by Theodore Roosevelt and now held in the United States Capitol crypt in Washington, D.C.
Margaret Keay
Margaret Agnes Keay OBE (11 June 1911 - 26 October 1998), was a South African-born British phytopathologist. She played a role in the development of educational institutions in Africa through activism and financial programmes focusing on education of girls and women in Africa.

Newnham College, Cambridge
Newnham College is a women's constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

The college was founded in 1871 by a group organising Lectures for Ladies, members of which included philosopher Henry Sidgwick and suffragist campaigner Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It was the second women's college to be founded at Cambridge, following Girton College. The college celebrated its 150th anniversary throughout 2021 and 2022.
Clocktower Productions
Clocktower Productions is a non-profit art institution working in the visual arts, performance, music, and radio. It was founded in 1972 as The Clocktower Gallery by Alanna Heiss, the Founder and former Director of MoMA PS1 (formerly P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center) under the aegis of the Institute for Art and Urban Resources. From 1972 until 2013, the institution operated out of a building at 346 Broadway, between Catherine Lane and Leonard Street, owned by the New York City government in Tribeca, Manhattan.

In 2013, the City of New York sold 346 Broadway to a private developer, and the organization relocated its operations through program partnerships with other arts institutions around the city, including Pioneer Works in Red Hook, Brooklyn, Knockdown Center in Queens, and Times Square Arts, among others.

Pioneer Works
Pioneer Works is a nonprofit cultural arts center in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City that was founded by artist Dustin Yellin in 2012. Pioneer Works includes a large exhibition space, a garden, an artist-in-residency program, a class and lecture series, and a press, and "aim[s] to foster innovation in the performing and visual arts, music and science."
Avalanche transistor
An avalanche transistor is a bipolar junction transistor designed for operation in the region of its collector-current/collector-to-emitter voltage characteristics beyond the collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage, called avalanche breakdown region.  This region is characterized by avalanche breakdown, which is a phenomenon similar to Townsend discharge for gases, and negative differential resistance. Operation in the avalanche breakdown region is called avalanche-mode operation: it gives avalanche transistors the ability to switch very high currents with less than a nanosecond rise and fall times (transition times). Transistors not specifically designed for the purpose can have reasonably consistent avalanche properties; for example 82% of samples of the 15V high-speed switch 2N2369, manufactured over a 12-year period, were capable of generating avalanche breakdown pulses with rise time of 350 ps or less, using a 90V power supply as Jim Williams writes.

Biasing
In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying signals. Many electronic devices, such as diodes, transistors and vacuum tubes, whose function is processing time-varying (AC) signals, also require a steady (DC) current or voltage at their terminals to operate correctly. This current or voltage is called bias. The AC signal applied to them is superposed on this DC bias current or voltage.

The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, quiescent point, or Q-point, is the DC voltage or current at a specified terminal of an active device (a transistor or vacuum tube) with no input signal applied. A bias circuit is a portion of the device's circuit that supplies this steady current or voltage.
Olympic Athletes from Russia at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) was the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) designation of select Russian athletes permitted to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The designation was instigated following the suspension of the Russian Olympic Committee after the Russian doping scandal. This was the second time that Russian athletes had participated under the neutral Olympic flag, the first being in the Unified Team of 1992.

During the 2018 Winter Olympics, two athletes from this team tested positive for banned substances and were found guilty of doping by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Both were sanctioned by the IOC and their results were annulled as a consequence of the ruling.

Russian Olympic Committee
The Russian Olympic Committee (ROC; IOC Code: RUS) is the National Olympic Committee representing Russia. Its current president during IOC suspension is Mikhail Degtyarev. The membership of ROC is currently suspended by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 12 October 2023.
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator is a children's book by British author Roald Dahl. It is the sequel to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, continuing the story of young Charlie Bucket and a chocolatier, Willy Wonka, as they travel in the Great Glass Elevator. The book was published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. in 1972, a year after the release of the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, and in the United Kingdom by George Allen & Unwin in 1973.

It was adapted for audio by Puffin Audio Books starring Neil Answych as Charlie Bucket and Gordan Fairclough as Willy Wonka, and the second half of a BBC adaptation for Radio 4 in 1983. The Great Glass Elevator has never been adapted for a visual medium (unlike Charlie and the Chocolate Factory which has been adapted several times).

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Sketchpad
Sketchpad (a.k.a. Robot Draftsman) is a computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis, for which he received the Turing Award in 1988, and the Kyoto Prize in 2012. It pioneered human–computer interaction (HCI), and is considered the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs and as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general. For example, Sketchpad inspired the graphical user interface (GUI) and object-oriented programming. Using the program, Sutherland showed that computer graphics could be used for both artistic and technical purposes and for demonstrating a novel method of human–computer interaction.

Light pen
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's cathode-ray tube (CRT) display.

It allows the user to point to displayed objects or draw on the screen in a similar way to a touchscreen but with greater positional accuracy.  A light pen can work with any CRT-based display, but its ability to be used with LCDs was unclear (though Toshiba and Hitachi displayed a similar idea at the "Display 2006" show in Japan).

A light pen detects changes in brightness of nearby screen pixels when scanned by cathode-ray tube electron beam and communicates the timing of this event to the computer. Since a CRT scans the entire screen one pixel at a time, the computer can keep track of the expected time of scanning various locations on screen by the beam and infer the pen's position from the latest time stamps.
Tess Flintoff
Tess Flintoff (born 31 March 2003) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and the Melbourne Stars in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). An all-rounder, she bats right-handed and bowls right-arm medium pace. In 2015, Flintoff was named in Cricket Australia's under-15 Talent Squad and in 2020 she was selected to play for Australia's under-19 team for a planned tour to South Africa.

In January 2022, Flintoff was named in Australia's A squad for their series against England A, with the matches being played alongside the Women's Ashes.

During the 2022-23 Women's Big Bash League, she hit a 16-ball fifty against Adelaide Strikers. It is the fastest fifty in Women's Big Bash League and the second-fastest recorded fifty Women's Twenty20 cricket after Marie Kelly's 15-ball fifty earlier in the same year. Her team Melbourne Stars scored 186/5 then, which is their highest total in Women's BBL.

Marie Kelly
Marie Kelly (born 9 February 1996) is an English cricketer who is currently plays for The Blaze and Northern Superchargers. She plays primarily as a right-handed batter. She led Warwickshire to the 2019 Women's Twenty20 Cup title, and was the leading run-scorer in Division 1 that year. She has previously played for Warwickshire, Southern Vipers, Central Sparks, Birmingham Phoenix, Trent Rockets and Trinbago Knight Riders.
Randolph Wise
Christianity portal

Randolph George Wise  (20 January 1925 – 9 September 1999) was the Dean of Peterborough in the Church of England from 1981 until 1992 (made Dean Emeritus in 1997).

Educated at St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School he served with the RNVR from 1943 to 1947.  After studying for a degree at The Queen's College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1952 and began his career with a curacy at Lady Margaret, Walworth. He was the Vicar of Stocksbridge from 1960 to 1966 and then the Bishop of London's Industrial Chaplain until 1972 when he became Guild Vicar of St Botolph, Aldersgate. From 1976 to 1981 he was Rector of Notting Hill.

Dean of Peterborough
The Dean of Peterborough is the head of the chapter at Peterborough Cathedral. On the Dissolution of Peterborough Abbey in 1539 and the abbey-church's refoundation as a cathedral for the new bishop and diocese of Peterborough, care for the abbey/cathedral church passed from an abbot to a dean. The current Dean of Peterborough is Chris Dalliston.
Mike Babcock (American football)
Michael Babcock (born February 13, 1979) is an American college football coach. He is the assistant head coach and offensive line coach for the University of Texas Permian Basin, positions he had held since 2025. He was the head football coach for McKendree University from 2013 to 2023. He also coached for UCLA, Colorado, San Diego, and CSU Pueblo. He played college football for UCLA as a linebacker.

On December 23, 2025, Babcock was named interim head coach at UT Permian Basin following Kris McCullough's departure to Gardner–Webb.

Kris McCullough
Kris McCullough (born October 11, 1995) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for the Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for East Central University in 2022. He previously coached for Henderson State, Old Dominion, and Fairmont State.
2025 Halle Open
The 2025 Halle Open (known for sponsorship reasons as the Terra Wortmann Open) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 32nd edition of the Halle Open and part of the ATP Tour 500 series of the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the OWL Arena in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, between 16 June and 22 June 2025.

2025 ATP Tour
The 2025 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2025 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.
Darakeh
Darakeh is an area in District 2 of Tehran province in Iran. It is near Evin and Velenjak.

The area is popular with tourists as a hiking and mountain climbing destination, and is also the site of numerous seismic fault zones.

Velenjak
Velenjak (Persian: ولنجک) is an affluent neighbourhood in the northwest of Tehran, Iran. Velenjak (also called the Roof of Tehran) is located in the Shemiran area in the northernmost part of Tehran, on the slopes of the Alborz mountain range. It is known for its landscapes, mild climate, mountain air, springs, and wildlife.

Velenjak houses many foreign residents, particularly people of South Korean descent who work in the finance and industrial firms throughout Tehran. Many embassies are located in Velenjak, including the embassies of Brunei, Côte d'Ivoire, Malaysia, Serbia and Montenegro, Algeria, and numerous ambassadorial residences. Shahid Beheshti University and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, are also located in this area.

Beheshti University is located in Velenjak. It is known for its engineering program. The university also has Natural Sciences, Humanities, and Social Science programs.
Hlybochok, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Hlybochok (Ukrainian: Глибочок) is a village in Ukraine, part of the Nova Ushytsia settlement hromada within the Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. To the north, Hlybochok borders the village of Kapustiany; to the east lies Ivanivka; to the south, Antonivka. To the west is Mynkivtsi.

Mynkivtsi, Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Mynkivtsi  (Ukrainian: Миньківці, Russian: Миньковцы, Polish: Minkowce) is a selo in Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast  (province), Ukraine. The village is located on the river Ushytsya, 43 km away from the railway station Dunaivtsi and 89 km away from Khmelnytskyi. Mynkivtsi belongs to Dunaivtsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population was 1,479 inhabitants in 2015.

Until 18 July 2020, Mynkivtsi belonged to Dunaivtsi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Dunaivtsi Raion was merged into Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion.
Football in North Macedonia
Football is the most popular sport in North Macedonia. The country became a member of FIFA in 1994.

The national team has made a few remarkable results in qualifiers for the European Championship as well as the World Cup.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
Chłopomania
Chłopomania (Polish: [xwɔpɔˈmaɲa] ⓘ) or Khlopomanstvo (Ukrainian: Хлопоманство [xlopoˈmɑnstwo]) are historical and literary terms inspired by the Young Poland modernist movement and the Ukrainian Hromady. The expressions refer to the intelligentsia's fascination with, and interest in, the peasantry in late-19th-century Galicia and right-bank Ukraine.

Though originally used in jest, with time the renewed interest in folk traditions influenced the national revivals in Poland and Ukraine, both ruled by foreign empires.  "Peasant-mania", a manifestation of both neo-romanticism and populism, arose during Galicia's rule by Austria-Hungary and touched both Poles and Ukrainians. It also manifested itself in the Russian Empire in forms of Narodniks, where it strongly contributed to the shaping of modern Ukrainian culture. Chłopomania also contributed to formation of Hromadas (communities of Ukrainian intelligentsia).

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
Longing for Dawn
Longing for Dawn is a Canadian funeral doom metal band based in Montreal signed to Grau Records. The band has released three albums, the most recent of which is Between Elation and Despair, which was released in March 2009.

Funeral doom
Funeral doom is a subgenre of death-doom with heavy influence from funeral dirge music. Low-tuned guitars, death growls, instruments that emulate pipe organ sounds and ponderous pace are typical traits of this style.
Live from Toronto (EP)
Live From Toronto is an EP by the Portland, Oregon, band Everclear. It was released only in Japan. Recorded January 14, 1998, in Toronto, the entire set list was 12 songs long. Tracks 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were featured on a promo CD with certain editions of their 2000 release Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile.

Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile
Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Everclear, released on July 11, 2000.  The album (along with its sequel, Songs from an American Movie Vol. Two: Good Time for a Bad Attitude) is a loose concept album inspired by lead singer Art Alexakis's second divorce. The first album is much more influenced by American pop music, especially from the 1970s, as well as being more "loving" in tone than the hard rock Good Time for a Bad Attitude. The album is dedicated to David Ridderhof and Louis Montoya.

Learning How to Smile is the band's second highest selling album ever with 1.28 million copies sold and a Platinum certification by the RIAA.  It is also the band's only album to debut in the top ten on the Billboard 200, where it peaked at number nine.
Marten Beach
Marten Beach is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada, within the Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124. It is located on the northeast shore of Lesser Slave Lake, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Highway 88.  It is approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) north of the Town of Slave Lake and 238 kilometres (148 mi) northwest of the City of Edmonton.

Marten Beach is adjacent to Lesser Slave Lake Provincial Park, Carlver Creek to the north and Marten Creek to the south.

Lesser Slave Lake
Lesser Slave Lake is located in northern Alberta, Canada, northwest of Edmonton.  It is the second largest lake entirely within Alberta boundaries (and the largest easily accessible by vehicle), covering 1,160 km2 (450 sq mi) and measuring over 100 km (62 mi) long and 15 km (9.3 mi) at its widest point. Lesser Slave Lake averages 11.4 m (37 ft) in depth and is 20.5 m (67 ft) at its deepest. It drains eastwards into the Athabasca River by way of the Lesser Slave River.

The town of Slave Lake is located at the eastern tip of the lake, around the outflow of Lesser Slave River.