hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
The history of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is relatively recent. When European explorers discovered the islands, they were uninhabited, and their hostile climate, mountainous terrain, and remoteness made subsequent settlement difficult. Due to these conditions, human activity in the islands has largely consisted of sealing, whaling, and scientific surveys and research, interrupted by World War II and the Falklands War.

Circles of latitude between the 55th parallel south and the 80th parallel south
Following are circles of latitude between the 55th parallel south and the 80th parallel south.
The 55th parallel south, crossing the southernmost point of Chile, is the last line of latitude moving southward to touch any part of any continent other than Antarctica, other than minor outlying islands.
Angelo Rossitto
Angelo Salvatore Rossitto (February 18, 1908 – September 21, 1991) was an American actor and voice artist. He had dwarfism and was 2 ft 11 in (89 cm) tall, and was often billed as Little Angie or Moe. Angelo first appeared in silent films opposite Lon Chaney and John Barrymore. On screen, he portrayed everything from dwarfs, midgets, gnomes and pygmies as well as monsters, villains and aliens, with appearances in more than 70 films.

Lon Chaney
Leonidas Frank "Lon" Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor and makeup artist. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted, characters and for his groundbreaking artistry with makeup. Chaney was known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques that he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces".
Yem Zone
Yem Zone is one of the zones in the Central Ethiopia Regional State. Yem is named for the Yem, people whose homeland lies in this zone, (see Kingdom of Yamma). Yem is bordered on the west and north by the Oromia Region, and separated from Gurage on the northeast and Hadiya on the east by the Omo River. High points in Yem include Mount Bor Ama, Mount Azulu and Mount Toba. The administrative center of Yem is Saja.

The form of subsistence agriculture practiced in this zone is based on cereal and enset. Important cash crops include teff, wheat, barley and pulses. Other important non-agricultural sources of income include selling butter and remittances. According to a 2004 report, Yem had 12 kilometers of asphalt roads, 11 kilometers of all-weather roads and 31 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 81 kilometers per 1,000 square kilometers.

Central Ethiopia Regional State
The Central Ethiopia Regional State is a regional state in Ethiopia. It was formed from northern part of the then Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 19 August 2023. Its formation was effected when South Ethiopia Regional State was established after a successful referendum from the former SNNPR. The largest ethnic groups in the region are the Gurage and Hadiya, constituting 70 percent of the region's population, and the president hails from the Gurage people.

Hosaina is the seat to the executive branch of government, whereas Welkite is the seat to the legislative branch of government (the regional parliament). Other regional bureaus were established in Butajira, Durame, Halaba Kulito,  Saja and Worabe.
USS Pitkin County
USS Pitkin County (LST-1082) was an LST-542-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after Pitkin County, Colorado, she was the only U.S. Naval Vessel to bear the name.

Originally laid down as LST-1082 on 18 November 1944 by the American Bridge Company of Ambridge, Pennsylvania. The ship was launched on 26 January 1945, sponsored by Mrs. Stephen Anzio; departed Ambridge on 26 January 1945 under a ferry crew which piloted her down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the U.S. Naval Repair Base, Algiers, Louisiana; and commissioned at New Orleans on 7 February 1945.

Pitkin County, Colorado
Pitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,358. The county seat and largest city is Aspen. The county is named for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin. Pitkin County is included in the Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Edwards-Glenwood Springs Combined Statistical Area.
Cliff Parsley
Cliff Donald Parsley (born December 26, 1954) is a former punter for the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Houston Oilers from 1977 to 1982. He played college football at Oklahoma State and was selected to the Big 8 All-decade team for the 1970s.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
1895 AAA Championships
The 1895 AAA Championships was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held on Saturday 6 July 1895 at the Stamford Bridge (stadium) in London, England.

The total number of events remained unchanged from the previous year, with all fourteen disciplines retained without alteration.

Fred Bacon set a new world record in the 1 mile event.

Stamford Bridge (stadium)
Stamford Bridge (/ˈstæmfərd/) is a football stadium in Fulham, in the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, in West London. It is the home of Premier League club Chelsea. With a capacity of 41,312, it is the twelfth-largest football stadium in England.

Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.

Stamford Bridge has hosted Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, rugby league, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.
Donald Mark
Donald J. Mark (March 31, 1926 – February 10, 2018) was an American judge.

Mark was born in Rochester, New York. He went to St. Andrew School and the Aquinas Institute in Rochester. Mark served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II and the Korean War. He also served as a colonel in the New York National Guard. Mark went to Syracuse University, Cornell Law School, and was admitted to the New York bar in 1953. From 1964 to 1973, he served as the Penfield Town Court justice. Mark then served as the Monroe County judge from 1974 to 1983. Mark served on the New York Supreme Court from 1983 to 1997.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Campaigns against corporal punishment
Campaigns against corporal punishment aim to reduce or eliminate corporal punishment of minors by instigating legal and cultural changes in the areas where such punishments are practiced.  Such campaigns date mostly from the late 20th century, although occasional voices in opposition to corporal punishment existed from ancient times through to the modern era.

The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child defines "corporal punishment" as:

any punishment in which physical force is used and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort, however light. Most involves hitting ("smacking", "slapping", "spanking") children, with the hand or with an implement – whip, stick, belt, shoe, wooden spoon, etc. But it can also involve, for example, kicking, shaking or throwing children, scratching, pinching, biting, pulling hair or boxing ears, forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions, burning, scalding or forced ingestion.

Caning
Caning is a form of corporal punishment that consists of administering strikes (known as "strokes") to the body with what is typically a rattan cane. Generally this is applied to the recipient's bare or clothed buttocks (see spanking), however caning may also be applied to the soles of the feet (see bastinado) and the palms of the hand; caning on the knuckles and shoulders is considerably less common.

The size and flexibility of a cane vary, as can the number of strokes administered. The sensation of a stroke from the cane is a sharp sting, followed by a lingering burn. The cane can effectively deliver sharp, intense strokes without requiring excessive force. Welts, ranging from light to intense (depending on the force of the stroke), are commonly associated with the cane.

The thin cane used in caning is not to be confused with the walking stick, which is sometimes also called cane (especially in American English) that is thicker, much more rigid, and usually made of stronger wood.
Seoul Motor Show
The Seoul Mobility Show (Korean: 서울모빌리티쇼) is a biennial auto show held at KINTEX (Korea International Exhibition Center), Goyang, Gyeonggi-do. Hosted by the Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association, it is recognized as an international show by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles. It is the 1st largest auto show in Asia. Until 2019, the show was called the Seoul Motor Show.

Hyundai Casper
The Hyundai Casper (Korean: 현대 캐스퍼) is a crossover city car produced by the South Korean automobile manufacturer Hyundai. It is the smallest crossover SUV ever offered by the brand, and also the smallest automobile of any kind that is currently sold by Hyundai.

The Casper has been developed in compliance with the "light car" (Korean: 경차, romanized: Gyeongcha) category in South Korea which offers tax incentives for vehicles with exterior dimensions below 3,600 mm (141.7 in) in length and 1,600 mm (63.0 in) in width, and is the first Hyundai vehicle to occupy the segment after the Atos.

A battery electric version of the Casper was introduced in June 2024 as the Hyundai Casper Electric, or the Hyundai Inster in Europe.
Tingena morosa
Tingena morosa is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been found in the South Island in Nelson including at the Dun Mountain and in the Canterbury region. This species inhabits native forest at altitudes from 2000 to 3000 ft. Adults of this species are on the wing in December.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Jordan Hasay
Jordan Melissa Hogan (née Hasay) (born September 21, 1991) is an American distance runner. She attended Mission College Preparatory High School in San Luis Obispo and was unanimously selected 2008 Girls High School Athlete of the Year by the voting panel at Track and Field News. In March 2009, she became the ninth high school athlete and third woman on the cover of Track and Field News magazine.

Hogan attended the University of Oregon, where she studied business administration and competed on the cross country and track and field teams earning 18 All-American honors, 2011 Mile and 3,000 meters NCAA titles.

Molly Huddle
Molly Huddle (born August 31, 1984) is an American long-distance runner who competes in track and cross country running events. She held the American record in the 5000 meters set in 2014 in Monaco (14:42.64), which has since been lowered by Shannon Rowbury, Shelby Houlihan and Alicia Monson. Huddle held also the American record in the 10,000 meters set at the 2016 Rio Olympics with a time of 30:13.17, which has since been lowered by Alicia Monson.

In 2019 at the London Marathon, she lowered her personal best to 2:26:33, finishing 12th.
Articles of Agreement (cricket)
References to English cricket matches in the 1727 season between the 2nd Duke of Richmond and Mr Alan Brodrick mention that they drew up Articles of Agreement between them to determine the rules that must apply in their contests. This may be the first time that rules were formally agreed, although rules as such definitely existed. In early times, the rules would be agreed orally and subject to local variations.

Timothy J. McCann
Timothy John McCann (4 June 1944 – 26 June 2022) was an English archivist.

Tim McCann joined the West Sussex Record Office in Chichester in 1967.

He wrote several books about the history of Sussex including a classic work on cricket: Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century (2004). He previously wrote and edited The Correspondence of the Dukes of Richmond and Newcastle, 1724–1750 (1984), a work about Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, and his close friend Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle. McCann contributed more than twenty papers to the Sussex Archaeological Collections.

He was honoured by the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians as their Statistician of the Year in 2004.

McCann died on 26 June 2022 aged 78.
Neustift Abbey
Neustift Abbey, or Novacella Abbey, (German: Kloster Neustift; Italian: Abbazia di Novacella) is an Augustinian abbey in the municipality of Vahrn in the northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It was elevated to the status of a basilica in May 1956 and received the honorific of a basilica minor by Pope Pius XII.

Hartmann of Brixen
Blessed Hartmann of Brixen (1090 - 23 December 1164) was a German prelate of the Catholic Church, who served as the Bishop of Brixen from his appointment in 1140 until his death. Hartmann served alongside the Order of Saint Augustine - who oversaw his education - and he managed certain aspects of their order despite not being part of that congregation. He also supported Pope Alexander III during his struggle with Frederick Barbarossa and also earned the favor of the latter despite Hartmann's views of the schism.

His beatification was ratified under Pope Pius VI in 1784.
Hastings 1895 chess tournament
The Hastings 1895 chess tournament was a round-robin tournament of chess conducted at the Brassey Institute in Hastings, England from 5 August to 2 September 1895.

Hastings 1895 was arguably the strongest tournament in history at the time it occurred.  All of the top players of the generation competed.  It was one of the first times such a "super-tournament" was conducted.

Harry Nelson Pillsbury, a young American unknown in Europe, was the surprise winner with 16½ out of 21 points – ahead of Mikhail Chigorin (16) and world champion Emanuel Lasker (15½). The top five finishers were invited to play in the Saint Petersburg 1895–96 chess tournament.

Following the success of the event, the Hastings tournament would become an annual feature. The organizers and players produced a Book of the Tournament, in which the participants annotated their own games. Like the Tournament, the Book too became an annual feature and was of very high instructional value.

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
2024–25 Chattanooga Mocs men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Chattanooga Mocs men's basketball team represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mocs, led by third-year head coach Dan Earl, played their home games at McKenzie Arena in Chattanooga, Tennessee as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). The Mocs finished the season 29–9, 15–3 in SoCon play to win the conference's regular season championship. In the SoCon tournament, they defeated Mercer in the first round, before losing to Furman in the semifinals. The team received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Middle Tennessee, Dayton, Bradley, and Loyola to advance to the championship game. In the championship game, they defeated UC Irvine in overtime to win the NIT championship.

2024–25 Furman Paladins men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Furman Paladins men's basketball team represented Furman University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Paladins, led by eighth-year head coach Bob Richey, played their home games at Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina as members of the Southern Conference (SoCon).
Chisato Hoshi
Chisato Hoshi (星 千智, Hoshi Chisato; born 26 September 1995) is a retired Japanese badminton player who played for the BIPROGY (formerly Unisys) team. A women's doubles specialist, Hoshi won two BWF World Tour titles. She won her first World Tour title at the 2018 Russian Open Super 100 with her partner Kie Nakanishi. Her highest-level title came in 2021, when she partnered with Aoi Matsuda to win the Super 500 title at the Hylo Open. Hoshi also reached the final of the 2017 Canada Open, a BWF Grand Prix tournament. She won eight titles on the BWF International Challenge/Series circuit. Hoshi officially retired from the sport on 31 March 2023.

Polish Open (badminton)
The Polish Open in badminton is an international open held in Poland since 1975. In the years before the fall of communism in the country this was one of a few meeting places between badminton players from the Eastern Bloc countries. The tournament belongs to the European Badminton Circuit. It is not to be confused with the Polish International.
Værøy Lighthouse
Værøy Lighthouse (Norwegian: Værøy fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Værøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The lighthouse is built on a small peninsula southeast of the village of Sørland on the island of Værøya.  It was constructed in 1880 and automated in 1984. The lighthouse has not been used since 2008.

Værøya
Værøya or Værøy is an island in Værøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 15.7-square-kilometre (6.1 sq mi) island makes up about 89% of the land area of the whole municipality and it is home to 100% of the municipal residents.
Rose Zhang
Rose Zhang (Chinese: 张斯洋; pinyin: Zhāng Sī Yáng born May 24, 2003) is an American professional golfer. She won the 2020 U.S. Women's Amateur, and both the 2022 and 2023 NCAA Division I Championships, becoming the first woman to win the individual title twice. She competed in the 2019 U.S. Women's Open and was on the gold medal team at the 2019 Pan American Games. Less than two weeks after turning pro, she became the first player to win in her professional debut on the LPGA Tour since 1951.

The Spirit International Amateur Golf Championship
The Spirit International Amateur Golf Championship is a biennial amateur golf tournament which takes place in alternating years with the World Amateur Team Championships. The competition consists 20 countries represented by teams of four (two men and two women) and takes place at the Whispering Pines Golf Club, located 80 miles outside of Houston in Trinity, Texas.

Added in 2013, the winner of the individual men's competition receives a sponsor exemption to the PGA Tour’s Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial.
Now It's Overhead
Now It's Overhead was an indie rock band fronted by singer/songwriter Andy LeMaster and based in Athens, Georgia. Their first album, a self-titled collection of songs LeMaster wrote over a period of two years in the late 1990s, quickly rose from a studio project to a full-time band with the assistance of drummer Clay Leverett, Orenda Fink and Maria Taylor of Azure Ray. They were the first band not hailing from Nebraska to be signed by Omaha-based Saddle Creek Records.

In 2004 they released their sophomore, critically acclaimed album Fall Back Open, which included a duet with Michael Stipe of R.E.M., a long-time supporter of the band. That year, the band also embarked on a US tour as support for R.E.M, who are also from Athens, Georgia.

Now It's Overhead's third album Dark Light Daybreak was released on September 12, 2006. In 2007, they supported Scottish indie-rock band Idlewild on their tour of Great Britain.

Maria Taylor (musician)
Maria Diane Taylor (born May 21, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter from Birmingham, Alabama.  She is also a member of the duo Azure Ray with Orenda Fink. Taylor plays several instruments, including the guitar, drums, and piano and has collaborated or performed with such artists as Bright Eyes, Phoebe Bridgers, Moby, Michael Stipe of R.E.M., Joshua Radin, and more.
Aslanlı, Kızıltepe
Aslanlı (Kurdish: Gundikê Biro) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızıltepe, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kîkan tribe and had a population of 119 in 2021.

Kızıltepe
Kızıltepe (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯˈzɯɫtepe]; Kurdish: Qoser; Ottoman Turkish: تال ارمين, romanized: Tell Armen, lit. 'Armenian hill') is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,236 km2, and its population is 267,151 (2022). It is mainly populated by Kurds of the Kîkan Kurdish tribe. Kızıltepe is situated in Mardin Province within the broader Kurdish-majority region of southeastern Turkey. Demographic research has identified the Mardin region as having a predominantly Kurdish-speaking population, with Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) as the principal spoken language. Kızıltepe is predominantly inhabited by Kurds and is situated within Mardin Province, which demographic studies have consistently identified as a Kurdish-majority province with high concentrations of Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) speakers.
Veisjärv
Veisjärv (also known as Veisejärv) is a lake in Estonia. It is located in the village of Veisjärve in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, on the border of Mulgi Parish. The Õhne River flows into Veisjärv.

Viljandi Parish
Viljandi Parish (Estonian: Viljandi vald) is a rural municipality of Viljandi County, Estonia. It is located around the town of Viljandi, but does not include it.

Viljandi Parish was established by merging four municipalities: Paistu, Pärsti, Saarepeedi and Viiratsi parishes. This took place after the municipal elections held on 20 October 2013.

Between 1939 and 1950, Viljandi Parish existed with different borders.