hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Heck
Captain Michael John Heck (born July 12, 1942) was an American B-52 Stratofortress pilot in the Vietnam War best known for becoming a conscientious objector and refusing to continue flying bombing missions over North Vietnamese targets in late 1972. Heck attended Whittier College, which is also then-President of the United States Richard Nixon's alma mater. Though there were four other American pilots before Heck who had refused to fly combat missions over Indochina during the buildup to the war, Heck's case was the first to come to public attention and highlighted the moral issues of the raids.

Military discharge
A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from their obligation to serve. Each country's military has different types of discharge. They are generally based on whether the persons completed their training and then fully and satisfactorily completed their term of service. Other types of discharge are based on factors such as the quality of their service, whether their service had to be ended prematurely due to humanitarian or medical reasons, whether they had been found to have drug or alcohol dependency issues and whether they were complying with treatment and counseling, and whether they had demerits or punishments for infractions or were convicted of any crimes. These factors affect whether they will be asked or allowed to re-enlist and whether they qualify for benefits after their discharge.
Garley Building fire
The Garley Building fire took place on 20 November 1996 in the 16-storey Garley commercial building (Chinese: 嘉利大廈) located at 232–240 Nathan Road, Jordan, Hong Kong. The fire caused 41 deaths and 81 injuries. It was considered the worst building fire in Hong Kong during peacetime until it was surpassed by the Wang Fuk Court fire nearly three decades later. The fire damaged the bottom two floors and the top three floors of the building, while the middle floors remained relatively intact.

China Resources
China Resources Holdings Company Limited (Chinese: 华润), or simply China Resources, is a Chinese state-owned conglomerate that owns a variety of businesses in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Some of its subsidiaries use the name in the form of the initialism CRC. In 2024, China Resources ranked 60th on the World's 500 Most Influential Brands List by World Brand Lab. In 2025, China Resources Group ranks 67th in the Fortune Global 500.
Christoph Schönborn
Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Schönborn, OP (German: [ˈkrɪstɔf ˈʃøːnbɔrn]; born 22 January 1945) is a Bohemian-born Austrian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Vienna from 1995 until 2025. He was chairman of the Austrian Bishops' Conference from 1998 to 2020 and was made a cardinal in 1998. He is a member of the Dominican Order.

Schönborn is Grand Chaplain of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austrian branch), of which he has been a member since 1961. He is also a member of the formerly sovereign House of Schönborn, several members of which held high offices of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church as prince-bishops, prince-electors and cardinals.

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom [ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm]) is a Roman Catholic church in Vienna, Austria, and the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Josef Grünwidl.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedral, seen today in the Stephansplatz, was largely initiated by Duke Rudolf IV (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom
Saint Mary Western
Saint Mary Western is a parliamentary constituency represented in the Parliament of Jamaica. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election. The constituency covers the west part of Saint Mary Parish.

Constituencies of Jamaica
Jamaica's fourteen parishes are subdivided into sixty-three constituencies. The country follows the Westminster system and elects sixty-three Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Jamaica House of Representatives.
Simulacrum
A simulacrum (pl.: simulacra or simulacrums, from Latin simulacrum, meaning "likeness, semblance") is a representation or imitation of a person or thing. The word was first recorded in the English language in the late 16th century, used to describe a representation, such as a statue or a painting, especially of a god. By the late 19th century, it had gathered a secondary association of inferiority: an image without the substance or qualities of the original. Literary critic Fredric Jameson offers photorealism as an example of artistic simulacrum, in which a painting is created by copying a photograph that is itself a copy of the real thing. Other art forms that play with simulacra include trompe-l'œil, pop art, Italian neorealism, and French New Wave.

Fredric Jameson
Fredric Ruff Jameson (April 14, 1934 – September 22, 2024) was an American literary critic, philosopher and Marxist political theorist. He was best known for his analysis of contemporary cultural trends, particularly his analysis of postmodernity and capitalism. Jameson's best-known books include Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) and The Political Unconscious (1981).

Jameson was the Knut Schmidt Nielsen Professor of Comparative Literature, Professor of Romance Studies (French), and Director of the Institute for Critical Theory at Duke University.  In 2012, the Modern Language Association gave Jameson its sixth Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement.
RAP6
RAP6 is the abbreviation for Rab5-activating protein 6, a novel endosomal protein with a role in endocytosis. RAP6 was discovered by Alejandro Barbieri and his group of researchers (Christine Hunker, Adriana Galvis, Ivan Kruk, Hugo Giambini, Lina Torres and Maria Luisa Veisaga) working at Florida International University.

This novel human protein has been reported to be involved in membrane trafficking. It has been shown that RAP6 has a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity specific to Rab5 and a GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity specific to RAS.

The original GenBank Identifications (GIs) have been published in the NCBI Nucleotide databases with GIs  77176718 and  77176720. Since then, many names have been coined to the validated protein such as RabGEF1, GeneID: 27342. RAP6 belongs to the family of the GAPVD1, GeneID: 26130

Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of active transport.
Biopterin
Biopterins are pterin derivatives which function as endogenous enzyme cofactors in many species of animals and in some bacteria and fungi. The prototypical compound of the class is biopterin (6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pterin), as shown in the infobox.  Biopterins act as cofactors for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH), which are involved in synthesizing a number of neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinepherine, and serotonin, along with several trace amines. Nitric oxide synthesis also uses biopterin derivatives as cofactors. In humans, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the endogenous cofactor for AAAH enzymes.

As with pterins in general, biopterins exhibit tautomerism. In other words, there are a number of forms that readily interconvert, differing by the placement of hydrogen atoms. Depictions of the chemical structure may therefore vary among sources.

Pterin
Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a pteridine ring system, with a "keto group" (a lactam) and an amino group on positions 4 and 2 respectively.  It is structurally related to the parent bicyclic heterocycle called pteridine. Pterins, as a group, are compounds related to pterin with additional substituents.  Pterin itself is of no biological significance.

Pterins were first discovered in the pigments of butterfly wings (hence the origin of their name, from the  Greek pteron (πτερόν), wing) and perform many roles in coloration in the biological world.
1987–88 QMJHL season
The 1987–88 QMJHL season was the 19th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. Ten teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Patrice Lefebvre of the Shawinigan Cataractes becomes the last player in Canadian Hockey League history to record a 200-point season. The Hull Olympiques finished first overall in the regular season, winning their second Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won their second President's Cup, defeating the Drummondville Voltigeurs in the finals.

Patrice Lefebvre
Patrice Lefebvre (born June 28, 1967) is a Canadian-born Italian former ice hockey player. Lefebvre played three games in the National Hockey League for the Washington Capitals during the 1998–99 NHL season.
2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2020–21 Damehåndboldligaen (known as Bambusa Kvindeligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 85th season of Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier handball league. Team Esbjerg were the defending champions, Vendsyssel Håndbold were promoted from the 1. division, which was their first season ever in the top division.

Odense Håndbold won the title, and Vendsyssel Håndbold were relegated, as they finished last in the regular season. This was the first time Odense won the Danish championship.

Danish 1st Division (handball)
1st Division is the name of the second highest handball league for both genders. The top-ranking teams each wins promotion to Damehåndboldligaen and Danish Handball League, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Divisions. The men's division consists of 14 teams that meet each opponent once away and once at home, while the women's division consists of 12 teams.
Dieter: Der Film
Dieter: Der Film ("Dieter: The Film") is a 2006 satirical animated film based on Nichts als die Wahrheit ("Nothing But the Truth"), the autobiography of German music producer Dieter Bohlen published in 2002. The entirety of the soundtrack, including the theme song "Gasoline", was written, composed, and produced by Bohlen. The film was broadcast for the first time on 4 March 2006 on RTL.

Verona Pooth
Verona Pooth (née Feldbusch; born 30 April 1968) is a German actress, television host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Germany 1993 and Miss Intercontinental 1993 and represented Germany at the Miss Universe 1993.
Ojos azules (song)
"Ojos azules" is a huayno written by in 1947 by the Bolivian composer Gilberto Rojas Enriquez. The Peruvian composer Manuel Casazola Huancco was also erroneously attributed as the author of the song. According  to other hypotheses  about the origin of the song, it was originally known as "Ojos bonitos" (Pretty Eyes), a traditional Peruvian huayno from Cusco. The song remains popular in the repertoire of Andean music groups from Bolivia, Peru, Chile, and Argentina.

In the SADAIC (Argentine Society of Composers and Authors), "Ojos azules" was listed in 1951 as song number #1635196, by author Gilbert Rojas Enriquez

Andean music
Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in South America.

Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by Quechuas (originally from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile), Aymaras (originally from Bolivia), and other peoples who lived roughly in the area of the  Inca Empire prior to European contact. This early music then was fused with music elements. It includes folklore music of parts of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Andean music is popular to different degrees across South America, having its core public in rural areas and among indigenous populations. The Nueva Canción movement of the 1970s revived the genre across South America and brought it to places where it was unknown or forgotten.
Cleveland Publishing
Cleveland Publishing was an Australian digest paperback fiction publishing company that operated between 1953 and 2019. The company was originally based at 276 Military Road, Cremorne, New South Wales.

Western fiction
Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West frontier and typically set from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. Well-known writers of Western fiction include Zane Grey from the early 20th century and Louis L'Amour from the mid-20th century. The genre peaked around the early 1960s, largely due to the popularity of televised Westerns such as Bonanza. Readership began to drop off in the mid- to late 1970s and reached a new low in the 2000s. Most bookstores, outside a few west American states, only carry a small number of Western fiction books.
Fortifications of Saint-Quentin
The Fortifications of Saint-Quentin, or Feste Prinz Friedrich Karl  form a fortification group in the Scy-Chazelles municipality located northwest of Metz on the Mont Saint-Quentin. Constituted by forts Diou and Girardin, the group is part of the first fortified belt of forts around Metz and had its baptism of fire in late 1944, when the Battle of Metz occurred.

Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières
Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières (French pronunciation: [ʁɛmɔ̃ adɔlf seʁe də ʁivjɛʁ]; 20 May 1815 – 16 February 1895) was a French military engineer and general whose ideas revolutionized the design of fortifications in France. He gave his name to the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications constructed after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Described as the Vauban of the 19th century, his Belgian counterpart was Henri Alexis Brialmont.
Caribou River (Thunder Bay District)
The Caribou River is a river in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is part of the James Bay drainage basin. It runs from Outlet Bay on Caribou Lake to Caribou Bay on Smoothrock Lake. Smoothrock Lake flows via several outlets including the Ogoki River directly, and then via the Ogoki River and the Albany River to James Bay.

Ogoki River
The Ogoki River is a river in the Thunder Bay and Cochrane Districts of Ontario. It springs from the wilderness just east of Savant Lake, flowing north of Lake Nipigon to Ogoki, where it joins the Albany River which empties into James Bay. The river is 480 kilometres (300 mi) long.

The Ogoki River is a  narrow, deep, slow-moving, and anastomosing river, with high sediment content. Rapids occur where the river crosses bedrock shelves. The Speckled Trout Rapids, a particularly large set of rapids, is located between Harrogate and Patience Lake. An extensive delta and estuary system has developed where the river enters Ogoki Lake.

The river, now mostly used for canoeing and fishing, was part of a canoe route from Hudson Bay to Lake Superior: via James Bay, Albany River, Ogoki River, portage to Ombabika River, Lake Nipigon, Nipigon River, and finally Lake Superior.

Portions of the river are protected in the Wabakimi Provincial Park and Ogoki River Provincial Park.
Ammonium malate
Ammonium malate refers to organic compounds containing malate and ammonium.  Two stoichiometries are discussed: NH4H(C2H3OH(CO2)2) with one ammonium ion per formula unit, and (NH4)2(C2H3OH(CO2)2).  Malate, the conjugate base of malic acid, is chiral.  Consequently a variety of salts are possible, R vs S vs racemic.  The monoammonium salt has been crystallized as the monohydrate.

As a food additive, diammonium malate has been used as flavoring agent and as an acidity regulator. It has the E number E349.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
1968 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1968 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.  The year was marked by controversy as both Leonard Cohen and Hubert Aquin refused to accept their awards. Winners were given a cash prize of $2500

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Curtis Wright (1992 album)
Curtis Wright is the self-titled debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Curtis Wright. It was released on July 14, 1992, by Liberty Records.

"What's It to You" and "I Don't Know How Love Starts" were both later recorded by Clay Walker on his 1993 self-titled debut album. The former would be released as his first single and first number one, and the latter was co-written by Rich Alves of Pirates of the Mississippi.

"Phonographic Memory" and "If I Ever Love Again" were later recorded by Daron Norwood on his 1994 self-titled debut album and the latter would be released as a single and peak at number 48 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Dude Mowrey previously recorded "If I Ever Love Again" for his 1991 debut album Honky Tonk.

"If I Could Stop Lovin' You" was later recorded by country and bluegrass singer Rhonda Vincent for her 1996 album Trouble Free.

Daron Norwood (album)
Daron Norwood is the self-titled debut studio album by American country music singer Daron Norwood. It was released on February 1, 1994 via Giant Records. The album includes the singles "If It Wasn't for Her I Wouldn't Have You", "Cowboys Don't Cry", and "If I Ever Love Again", of which the first two were top 40 hits on the Hot Country Songs chart. "Cowboys Don't Cry" was originally released by Dude Mowrey on his 1991 album Honky Tonk. Both "Phonographic Memory" and "If I Ever Love Again" were originally recorded by their co-writer Curtis Wright on his 1992 self-titled album.
Jimmy Grundy (politician)
James Caldwell Grundy Jr. (March 22, 1923 – May 2, 2020) was an American politician and businessman.

Grundy was born in Lebanon, Kentucky. He went to the Lebanon public schools and to University of Kentucky. Grundy was involved in business in Marion County, Kentucky. Grundy served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1956 to 1958 and was involved with the Republican Party, chairing the Marion County Republican Committee from 1960 to 1970. He died in Lebanon, Kentucky on May 2, 2020.

Lebanon, Kentucky
Lebanon is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Marion County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 6,274 at the 2020 census, up from 5,539 in 2010. Lebanon is located in central Kentucky, 63 miles (101 km) southeast of Louisville. A national cemetery is nearby.
San Pablo Heritage zone
San Pablo Heritage zone or The city of San Pablo Heritage zone (Tagalog: Sonang pamana ng San Pablo), is a location in San Pablo, Laguna containing built structures from the Spanish and American colonial era, historical monuments and objects of historical and cultural significance.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history."
1990 London Masters
The 1990 Continental Airlines London Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place from 10 October 1989 to 15 May 1990 at the Café Royal in London, England.

Stephen Hendry won the tournament beating John Parrott 4–2 in the final for the second consecutive year.

London Masters (snooker)
The London Masters was a non-ranking snooker tournament staged between 1989 and 1991. All three editions were held at the Café Royal in London and sponsored by Continental Airlines. Stephen Hendry won both of the first two editions of the event, defeating John Parrott twice in the final by the same score of 4–2. The final event, held in 1991 was won by Steve Davis who defeated Hendry in a whitewash 4–0.
Dysgenesis (embryology)
Dysgenesis is an abnormal organ development during embryonic growth and development. As opposed to agenesis, which refers to the complete failure of an organ to develop, dysgenesis usually implies disordered development or malformation and in some cases represents the milder end of a spectrum of abnormalities. Dysgenesis occurs during fetal development immediately after conception.

Agenesis
In medicine, agenesis (/eɪˈdʒɛnəsəs/) refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue. Many forms of agenesis are referred to by individual names, depending on the organ affected:

Agenesis of the corpus callosum - failure of the Corpus callosum to develop

Renal agenesis - failure of one or both of the kidneys to develop

Amelia - failure of the arms or legs to develop

Penile agenesis - failure of penis to develop

Müllerian agenesis - failure of the uterus and part of the vagina to develop

Agenesis of the gallbladder - failure of the Gallbladder to develop. A person may not realize they have this condition unless they undergo surgery or medical imaging, since the gallbladder is neither externally visible nor essential.
Offensive backfield
The offensive backfield is the area of an American football field behind the line of scrimmage, and players positioned there on offense who begin plays behind the line, typically including the quarterback and running backs (halfbacks and fullback).

Line of scrimmage
In gridiron football, a line of scrimmage is an invisible transverse line (across the width of the field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun.  Its location is based on the spot where the ball is placed after the end of the most recent play and following the assessment of any penalty yards.