hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irish Baptist College
The Irish Baptist College (IBC) is a Baptist theological college in Moira, Craigavon, Northern Ireland. It is affiliated with the Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland. It is part of the Baptist Theological Centre which is located in the Baptist Centre and is shared with ABC. IBC is accredited and reached Premier College Status by the Accreditation Service for International Colleges (ASIC). The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education of England and Wales, review the IBC for quality and standards.

University of Chester
The University of Chester is a public university located in Chester, England. The university originated as the first purpose-built teacher training college in the UK. As a university, it now occupies five campus sites in and around Chester, one in Warrington, and a University Centre in Shrewsbury. It offers a range of foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate courses, as well as undertaking academic research.

The university is a member of AACSB, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Cathedrals Group, the North West Universities Association and Universities UK. It holds an overall Silver Award in the 2023 Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).

A 2021 article in Times Higher Education described the University of Chester as being the fifth-oldest higher education establishment in England, with only the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and London predating it.
Minister for Transport (Western Australia)
Minister for Transport is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Rita Saffioti of the Labor Party. The position was first created in 1945, in the ministry formed by Frank Wise, and has existed in almost every government since then. The minister is responsible for the Department for Transport.

Prior to 1974, there was a separate position called the Commissioner of Railways (1883–1902) or the Minister for Railways (1902–1974), with the holder of the position having responsibility solely for Western Australia's railways (including the Western Australian Government Railways).

From 1947 to 1959, there was also a Minister for Supply and Shipping, who had responsibility for imports into Western Australia.

Department of Transport (Western Australia)
The Department of Transport is a department of the Government of Western Australia that is responsible for implementing the state's vehicle licensing, maritime safety, taxi, ports, transport policies. It was formed on 1 July 2009.

It is one of three agencies reporting to the same Director General. The two other transport agencies are:

Public Transport Authority

Main Roads Western Australia

On 1 July 2009, the State Land Services and Pastoral Leases being transferred to the newly formed Department of Regional Development and Lands.

On 1 July 2025, it was superseded by the Department of Transport & Major Infrastructure that took on additional responsibilities from the Department of Finance and Department of Health.
Nemoli
Nemoli is a town and comune of 1,501 inhabitants, found in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. The town, positioned between the Apennine Mountains, is noted for its artisanal work, typically in wood and copper.

Our Lady of Graces
Our Lady of Graces (Italian: Madonna delle Grazie or Nostra Signora delle Grazie) or Saint Mary of Graces (Italian: Santa Maria delle Grazie) is a devotion to the Virgin Mary in the Roman Catholic Church. Several churches with this dedication often owe their foundation to thankfulness for graces received from the Virgin Mary, and are particularly numerous in Italy, India, Australia, United States, Portugal, France and the Italian-speaking region of Switzerland. Also it is related to the Marian apparitions in which was revealed the Miraculous Medal, also known as the Medal of Our Lady of Graces.
PKS 1345+125
PKS 1345+125 known as PKS 1345+12 and 4C +12.50, is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIG) with an active galactic nucleus, located in the constellation Boötes. With a redshift of 0.121740, the galaxy is located 1.62 billion light-years from Earth.

Boötes
Boötes (/boʊˈoʊtiːz/ boh-OH-teez) is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from Latin: Boōtēs, which comes from Ancient Greek: Βοώτης, romanized: Boṓtēs 'herdsman' or 'plowman' (literally, 'ox-driver'; from βοῦς boûs 'cow').

One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations. It contains the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, the orange giant Arcturus. Epsilon Boötis, or Izar, is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers. Boötes is home to many other bright stars, including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude, making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye.
California State Route 123
State Route 123 (SR 123) is a 7.39-mile (11.89 km) state highway in the U.S. state of California in the San Francisco Bay Area. Named San Pablo Avenue for almost its entire length except for its northernmost 0.10 miles (0.16 km), SR 123 is a major north–south state highway along the flats of the urban East Bay. Route 123 runs between Interstate 580 in Oakland in the south and Interstate 80 at Cutting Boulevard in Richmond in the north. San Pablo Avenue itself, a portion of Historic US 40, continues well past the SR 123 designation south to Downtown Oakland and north to Crockett.

University Avenue (Berkeley)
University Avenue is a major east–west roadway in Berkeley, California. It runs from the Berkeley Marina in the west to the University of California, Berkeley campus in the east.

The western end of the street to Berkeley Marina was constructed in 1926 on top of the former Golden Gate Ferry causeway.

On January 6, 1940, an overpass was opened, carrying University Avenue over the tracks of the mainline of the Southern Pacific along 3rd Street in West Berkeley, eliminating a dangerous grade crossing and traffic bottleneck for traffic coming on and off the Eastshore Highway at University Avenue. Traffic lights were installed at the Eastshore–University intersection as part of the overpass project.
Charousek
Charousek (feminine: Charousková) is a Czech surname. It is derived from the Lach adjective charý, meaning 'shabby', 'ugly'. Notable people with the surname include:

Jiří Charousek (born 1981), Czech ice hockey player

Rudolf Charousek (1873–1900), Czech-Hungarian chess player

Czech name
Czech names are composed of a given name and a family name (surname). Czechs typically get one given name – additional names may be chosen by themselves upon baptism but they generally use one. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname.
Lady of the Lions
NIN-UR.MAH.MEŠ (𒎏𒌨𒈤𒎌 Akkadian: Bēltu-nēšēti), or the "Lady" of the Lions, was the author of two letters to the pharaoh, the King of Ancient Egypt, in the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Her name is a representation of the original written script characters of Babylonian  'Sumerograms' , "NIN- + UR.MAH + (plural:MEŠ)", and means, "woman–lion–plural", namely: "Lady (of the) Lions". (See: NIN for "lady"). The Amarna letters are mostly written in Akkadian cuneiform, with local words/phrases/etc due to various city-states or countries.

The name or location of her city/city-state are not stated in her letter. Generally, she is theorized to have been a ruler of Beit Shemesh.

Also called "Mistress of the Lionesses", she was a female "king" who ruled Beit Shemesh around 1350 BCE.

ʿApiru
ʿApiru (Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎔𐎗𐎎, romanized: ʿPRM, Ancient Egyptian: 𓂝𓐰𓊪𓐰𓂋𓅱𓀀𓏪, romanized: Ꜥprw), also known in the Akkadian version Ḫabiru (sometimes written Habiru, Ḫapiru or Hapiru; Akkadian:  𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫa-bi-ru or *ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for a social status of people who were variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers.

Due to the linguistic similarity between the term 'Apiru and "Hebrew," early scholars equated them with the Israelites. However, most contemporary scholars now regard the connection as indirect, suggesting that while some early Israelites may have originated from this group, they likely adopted the linguistic label in the process.
Imitation of sounds in shamanism
Shamanism in various cultures shows great diversity. In some cultures, shamanic music may intentionally mimic natural sounds, sometimes with onomatopoeia. Imitation of natural sounds may also serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism, such as luring in the hunt; and entertainment (katajjaqs of the Inuit).

Sound mimesis in various cultures
The imitation of natural sounds in various cultures is a diverse phenomenon and can fill in various functions. In several instances, it is related to the belief system (yoiks of the Sami, some other shamanic songs and rituals, overtone singing of some cultures). It may serve also such practical goals as luring in the hunt; or entertainment (katajjaqs of Inuit).

Among some peoples of the Altai-Sayan region, including Tofa, the ability to mimic sounds of the environment includes hunting calls, and is present also in a traditional singing tradition preserved only by some old people.
Roydon Common
Roydon Common is a 194.9-hectare (482-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of King's Lynn in Norfolk, England. It is also a Grade I Nature Conservation Review site, a National Nature Reserve and a Ramsar site. It is part of the Roydon Common and Dersingham Bog Special Area of Conservation and Roydon Common and Grimston Warren nature reserve, which is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust,

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Digital Copyright Act
The Digital Copyright Act (DCA) is a proposed United States copyright law that amends revision of Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).

The proposed law introduces the term "notice and stay down" for service providers. It requires them to take measures to prevent material that has already been determined to be violating copyright to be re-uploaded by users. While the draft was praised by the entertainment industry, free speech advocacy groups feared the language would require services to employ automatic filtering and would further limit freedom of expression.

Currently a draft, the bill is planned to be introduced to Congress by Senator Thom Tillis.

Notice and take down
Notice and take down is a process operated by online hosts in response to court orders or allegations that content is illegal. Content is removed by the host following notice. Notice and take down is widely operated in relation to copyright infringement, as well as for libel and other illegal content.

In United States and European Union law, notice and takedown is mandated as part of limited liability, or safe harbour, provisions for online hosts (see the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 and the Electronic Commerce Directive 2000). As a condition for limited liability online hosts must expeditiously remove or disable access to content they host when they are notified of the alleged illegality.
2022 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2022 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 128th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 17 September to 16 October 2022.

Ballyhale Shamrocks entered the championship as the defending champions and will be hoping to secure a fifth consecutive title.

The final was played on 16 October 2022 at UPMC Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Ballyhale Shamrocks and James Stephens, in what was their first meeting in the final in three years. Ballyhale Shamrocks won the match by 1–21 to 2–11 to claim a record-equalling 20th championship title overall and a record-breaking fifth successive title.

Niall Brassil was the championship's top scorer with 0-41.

1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 3 April 1887 and ended on 17 April 1887.

On 17 April 1887, Tullaroan won the championship after a 1–01 to 0–04 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. It was the first of 20 championship titles for the Tullaroan club.
2022 Dutch Basketball Supercup
The 2022 Dutch Basketball Supercup was the 10th edition of the Dutch Basketball Supercup. The game was played on 28 September 2022 in the Maaspoort in 's-Hertogenbosch. The defending Dutch champions Heroes Den Bosch easily defeated Donar, winners of the 2021–22 Dutch Basketball Cup. Heroes won its third Supercup title. Vernon Taylor of Donar was the top scorer of the game with 20 points, while Heroes player Chris-Ebou Ndow was named MVP of the game.

Dutch Basketball Supercup
The Dutch Basketball Supercup, also known as the DBL Supercup, is the super cup competition of professional basketball in the Netherlands. The match is played by the champions of the Dutch Basketball League and the winner of the NBB Cup. It is a super cup competition. The first Supercup game was held in 2011.

The record holder for most Supercup titles is ZZ Leiden, who have won five trophies.
Hà Tĩnh province
Hà Tĩnh is a province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Nghệ An to the north, Quảng Bình to the south, Laos to the west, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east.

Hà Tĩnh together with neighbouring Nghệ An province the two provinces are together called "Nghệ Tĩnh", and the locals are  known for speaking Vietnamese with a regional accent.

Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi).  It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coastline of Vietnam down to the Cồn Cỏ island, in the north by China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to the east by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island.

English sources from the People's Republic of China refer to the Gulf of Tonkin as Beibu Wan.
1962 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1962 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Mt. San Antonio College, Hilmer Lodge Stadium in Walnut, California, and it took place 22–23 June. The women's meet was held separately at the Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California on 7–8 July.

At the championships, Paul Drayton and Henry Carr equaled the 220 yards world record. The weather was described as fine. Between 8,000 and 10,000 spectators attended per day. The women's edition was significant as it marked the first championships that were held at a large-scale venue.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Potash wars (California)
The Potash wars were a series of events that took place from 1910 to 1915 in the Searles Valley near Searles Lake, a dry lake (also called Slate Range Lake and Borax Lake), near the current town of Trona in the San Bernardino County of California. The Potash wars gained national and international news at the time due to the involvement of famous lawman Wyatt Earp and the importance of the valley's supply of potash at the time. Potash is an important crop fertilizer and the Searles Valley was a major supplier in the 1910s.

Potash
Potash (/ˈpɒtæʃ/ POT-ash) are mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The term potash derives from pot ash, either plant ashes or wood ashes that were soaked in water in a pot, which was the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era; the word potassium derives from the term potash.

In 2021, the worldwide production of potash exceeded 71.9 million tonnes (~45.4 million tonnes K2O equivalent), and Canada is the greatest producer of potash as fertilizer. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic potash (potassium hydroxide).
Live-cell imaging
Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy. It is used by scientists to obtain a better understanding of biological function through the study of cellular dynamics. Live-cell imaging was pioneered in the first decade of the 21st century. One of the first time-lapse microcinematographic films of cells ever made was made by Julius Ries, showing the fertilization and development of the sea urchin egg. Since then, several microscopy methods have been developed to study living cells in greater detail with less effort. A newer type of imaging using quantum dots have been used, as they are shown to be more stable. The development of holotomographic microscopy has disregarded phototoxicity and other staining-derived disadvantages by implementing digital staining based on cells’ refractive index.

Phototoxicity
Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity.

The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn. The involved chemical may enter into the skin by topical administration, or it may reach the skin via systemic circulation following ingestion or parenteral administration. The chemical needs to be "photoactive," which means that when it absorbs light, the absorbed energy produces molecular changes that cause toxicity. Many synthetic compounds, including drug substances like tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones, are known to cause these effects. Surface contact with some such chemicals causes photodermatitis, and many plants cause phytophotodermatitis. Light-induced toxicity is a common phenomenon in humans; however, it also occurs in other animals.
Aeaces
Aeaces (Ancient Greek: Aἰάκης) can refer to two ancient Samians:

Aeaces (father of Polycrates), who may have ruled Samos in the mid-sixth century BC. His sons Polycrates and Syloson also ruled Samos.

Aeaces (son of Syloson), grandson of the previous, who ruled Samos in the late sixth and early fifth centuries BC.

Aeaces (father of Polycrates)
Aeaces (Ancient Greek: Αἰάκης, fl. 550 BC) was the father of Polycrates, the powerful tyrant of Samos. He was a prominent aristocrat in his own right, and may even have been the ruler of the island for a period in the mid-sixth century. He is sometimes referred to as Aeaces I to distinguish him from his grandson Aeaces II, who ruled Samos in the late sixth and early fifth centuries BC.
Antoniotto I Adorno
The Most Serene Prince Antoniotto Adorno (1340 – Finale Ligure, 1398) was the 6th doge of the Republic of Genoa and rose four times to the nominally lifelong position, making him the person most often elected to the Doge office in the history of the republic.

Domenico di Campofregoso
Domenico di Campofregoso (1325–1390) was the fifth doge of Genoa. He succeeded Gabriele Adorno upon the deposition of the latter on 13 August 1370 by the two vicars of the people. He held the longest consecutive term as Doge in the history of the Republic.
Yana Doroshenko
Yana Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Яна Дорошенко; born Yana Azimova, (1994-07-05)5 July 1994) is a Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player that plays for Maccabi Hadera Hefer in Israeli Women's Volleyball League and Azerbaijan women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2018 Women's World Volleyball Championship, and 2021 Women's European Volleyball Championship.

Telekom Baku
Telekom Baku (formerly named Rabita Baku) was an Azerbaijani women's volleyball club. Telekom was an eight-time champion of Azerbaijani Superleague and the winner of the 2011 FIVB Club World Championship.
Vietinbank
The Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade (Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Thương mại Cổ phần Công thương Việt Nam), trading as Vietinbank, is a state-owned Vietnamese bank. As of 2023, it is Vietnam's second-largest bank, with VND 1,800 trillion (around $76 billion) of assets under management.

According to the VNR500 (Top 500) ranking, Vietinbank is Vietnam's 13th largest company. It has a market capitalisation of VND 53.22 trillion (around $2.5 billion) as of late 2012, making it one of Vietnam's largest listed companies.

Major customers with loans of several hundreds of millions of dollars include PetroVietnam and Vietnam Electricity (EVN). Vietinbank also has strategic partnerships with the International Finance Corporation and Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.

Petrovietnam
Petrovietnam (PVN), formally the Vietnam National Industry - Energy Group (Vietnamese: Tập đoàn Công nghiệp – Năng lượng Quốc gia Việt Nam) and formerly the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (Tập đoàn Dầu khí Việt Nam or Tập đoàn Dầu khí Quốc gia Việt Nam, 'Vietnam (National) Oil-gas Group'), is the state-owned national oil, gas and energy industry corporation of Vietnam. Petrovietnam has developed rapidly since it was established in 1975, and its activities, through its various companies and wholly owned subsidiaries, now cover all the operations from oil and gas exploration and production to storage, processing, transportation, distribution and services. Wholly owned by the Vietnamese central government, it is responsible for all oil and gas resources in the country and has become its country's largest oil producer and second-largest power producer.
Facebook Messenger
Messenger (formerly known as Facebook Messenger) is an American proprietary instant messaging service developed by Meta Platforms, the company that operates Facebook. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008, the client application of Messenger is currently available on iOS and Android mobile platforms, Windows and macOS desktop platforms, through the Messenger.com web application, and on the standalone Facebook Portal hardware.

Messenger is used to send messages and exchange photos, videos, stickers, audio, and files, and also react to other users' messages and interact with bots. The service also supports voice and video calling. The standalone apps support using multiple accounts, conversations with end-to-end encryption, and playing games.

With a monthly userbase of over 1 billion people, it is among the largest social media platforms.

Zoom (software)
Zoom Workplace (commonly known and stylized as  zoom) is a proprietary videotelephony software program developed by Zoom Communications. The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.