hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radio 5 (Spanish radio station)
Radio 5 is a Spanish free-to-air radio station owned and operated by Radio Nacional de España (RNE), the radio division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's all-news radio station, and is known for its 24-hour rolling news service and its live coverage of breaking news.

It was launched in 1 January 1989 as the first 24-hour rolling radio news service in Spain. It was known as "Radio 5 Todo Noticias" (1994–99) and "Radio 5 Información" (2012–13). It is the only nationwide rolling news radio service in Spain.

Its headquarters and main production center is in Casa de la Radio at Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón. Although almost all its programming is in Spanish and is the same for all of Spain, RNE has territorial centers in every autonomous community and produces and broadcasts some local news bulletins in regional variations in each of them in the corresponding co-official language.

Prado del Rey (studios)
Prado del Rey is the central headquarters of Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish state-owned public broadcasting corporation, and the main production center for its subsidiaries Televisión Española (TVE) and Radio Nacional de España (RNE). The complex is in Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid).
Indian Canadians
Indian Canadians (or Indo-Canadians) are Canadians who have ancestry from India. The term East Indian is sometimes used to avoid confusion with Indigenous groups. Categorically, Indian Canadians comprise a subgroup of South Asian Canadians which is a further subgroup of Asian Canadians. As of the 2021 census, Indians are the largest non-European ethnic group in the country and form the fastest growing national origin in Canada.

Canada contains the world's ninth-largest Indian diaspora. The highest concentrations of Indian Canadians are found in Ontario and British Columbia, followed by growing communities in Alberta and Quebec as well, with the majority of them being foreign-born.

Gujarati people
The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Indian state of Gujarat. They primarily speak Gujarati, an Indo-Aryan language. Gujaratis have diaspora across India as well in a large number of countries around the world.
Postage stamps and postal history of Tonga
The beginnings of the postal history of Tonga can be traced to the Wesleyan missionaries, who landed in the islands in 1826, and sent regular communications back to London and Sydney from the day of their arrival. The Tongan Post Office was established in 1887, but even before then postage stamps featuring the image of King George Tupou I were produced in New Zealand.

Niuafoʻou
Niuafoʻou (meaning 'many new coconuts') is the northernmost island in the kingdom of Tonga. One of the Niua Islands, it is located in the southern Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Samoa, 574 km (357 mi) north of Tongatapu island group and 337 km (209 mi) northwest of Vavaʻu. It is a volcanic rim island with an area of 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) and a population of 431 (as of 2021). The volcano is active and has erupted regularly since 1814, with its last major eruption in 1985.

The Niuafoʻou language is spoken on the island.
First Parish Meetinghouse (Standish, Maine)
The First Parish Meetinghouse, also known as the Old Red Church, is a historic church building on Oak Hill Road in Standish, Maine.  Built 1804-06, it is a well-preserved example of rural Federal period design.  The building has served the community as a church and school, and is still occasionally used for religious services.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Standish, Maine
Standish is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 10,244 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Standish Corner, Sebago Lake Village and Steep Falls, and the localities known as Richville, Elmwood, Standish Neck and Two Trails. Standish is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area.
Black Bear (chief)
Black Bear (died April 8, 1870) was an Arapaho leader into the 1860s when the Northern Arapaho, like other Native American tribes, were prevented from ranging through their traditional hunting grounds due to settlement by European-Americans who came west during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Conflicts erupted over land and trails used by settlers and miners. A watershed event was the Sand Creek massacre of 1864. This led to the Northern Arapaho joining with other tribes to prevent settlement in their traditional lands. In 1865, Black Bear's village was attacked during the Battle of the Tongue River. People died, lodges were set on fire, and food was ruined, all of which made it difficult for them to survive as a unit. He died during an ambush by white settlers on April 8, 1870, in the Wild Wind Valley of present-day Wyoming.

Gros Ventre
The Gros Ventre (US: /ˈɡroʊvɒnt/ GROH-vont, French: [ɡʁo vɑ̃tʁ]; meaning 'big belly'), also known as the A'aninin, Atsina, or White Clay, are a historically Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe located in northcentral Montana. Today, the Gros Ventre people are enrolled in the Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana, a federally recognized tribe with 7,000 members, also including the Assiniboine people.
Mount Meru (Buddhism)
Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe/Kailash) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology. Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning "excellent Meru" or "wonderful Meru".

The concept of Sumeru is closely related to the central Mount Meru of Hindu cosmology, but it differs from the Hindu concept in several particulars.

Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. (born 1952) is an American scholar of Buddhism and the Arthur E. Link Distinguished university professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures.
Wertingen
Wertingen (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛʁtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria, Germany. It is located along the river Zusam in 13 km east of Dillingen, and 28 km northwest of Augsburg.  The city is the seat of the municipal association Wertingen.

Dillingen (district)
Dillingen is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Donau-Ries, Augsburg and Günzburg, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (district of Heidenheim).
DigiNotar
DigiNotar BV was a Dutch certificate authority from 1998 to 2011. It was acquired in January 2011 by VASCO and subsequently declared bankrupt in September of the same year. The company was hacked in June 2011 and it issued hundreds of fraudulent certificates, some of which were used for man-in-the-middle attacks on Iranian Gmail users.

PKIoverheid
PKIoverheid is the public key infrastructure (PKI) from the Dutch government. Like any other PKI, the system issues and manages digital certificates such that they can be realized. PKIoverheid is run by Logius.
Linsear Write
Linsear Write is a readability metric for English text, purportedly developed for the United States Air Force to help them calculate the readability of their technical manuals. It is one of many such readability metrics, but is specifically designed to calculate the United States grade level of a text sample based on sentence length and the number of words used that have three or more syllables. It is similar to the Fry readability formula.

Fry readability formula
The Fry readability formula (or Fry readability graph) is a readability metric for English texts, developed by Edward Fry.

The grade reading level (or reading difficulty level) is calculated by the average number of sentences (y-axis) and syllables (x-axis) per hundred words.  These averages are plotted onto a specific graph; the intersection of the average number of sentences and the average number of syllables determines the reading level of the content.

The formula and graph are often used to provide a common standard by which the readability of documents can be measured.  It is sometimes used for regulatory purposes, such as in healthcare, to ensure publications have a level of readability that is understandable and accessible by a wider portion of the population.
Tokyo subway
Two major subway systems (Japanese: 地下鉄, Hepburn: chikatetsu) operate in Tokyo: the Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway. Most of the network is located in the 23 special wards, with portions extending into Chiba and Saitama Prefectures. The subways are one part of Greater Tokyo's passenger rail network, with through service further connecting the subway to suburban railways in Western Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.

Fukutoshin Line
The Fukutoshin Line (副都心線, Fukutoshin-sen), formally the No. 13 Fukutoshin Line (13号線副都心線, Jū-san-gō-sen Fukutoshin-sen), is a 20.2-kilometer (12.6 mi) subway line operated by Tokyo Metro in west-central Tokyo and Wako, Saitama, Japan.

The newest line in the Tokyo subway network, it opened in stages between 1994 and 2008. On average, the Fukutoshin Line carried 362,654 passengers daily in 2017, the lowest of all Tokyo Metro lines and roughly one third of its sister Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line (1,124,478).

Fukutoshin is Japanese for "secondary city center", and the Fukutoshin Line connects three of Tokyo's secondary city centers: Ikebukuro, Shinjuku and Shibuya. Prior to its opening, only JR East had rail service between the three (on the Yamanote Line, the Saikyō Line and the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line).
Petra Mandula
Petra Mandula (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpɛtrɒ ˈmɒndulɒ]; born 17 January 1978) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player, who represented her native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney; in singles, she was eliminated in the first round by fourth seed Conchita Martínez of Spain, in doubles, she reached the quarterfinals, partnering Katalin Marosi. Four years later, when Athens hosted the Games, she once again was defeated in the first round, this time by Patty Schnyder of Switzerland.

She reached the quarterfinals at the 2001 French Open as a qualifier, winning seven straight matches and losing to eventual runner-up, Kim Clijsters. Two years later, at the 2003 French Open, she almost repeated the feat, losing in the fourth round 5–7 in the third set to Chanda Rubin. Also in 2003, Mandula reached the semifinals of the Australian Open with Emmanuelle Gagliardi, losing to Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez.

Patty Schnyder
Patty Schnyder (born 14 December 1978) is a Swiss retired tennis player. A former top 10 player in singles, she twice defeated a reigning world No. 1 player in her career: Martina Hingis at the 1998 Grand Slam Cup (by retirement) and Jennifer Capriati at the Family Circle Cup in 2002. In addition, she has notable wins over such former No. 1 players as Lindsay Davenport, Serena Williams, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, Justine Henin, Amélie Mauresmo, Maria Sharapova, Jelena Janković, Ana Ivanovic, and Caroline Wozniacki.

In her career, she reached six Grand Slam singles quarterfinals and one major singles semifinal. She won eleven WTA Tour singles titles including Zurich Open (Tier I), and five WTA doubles titles, and earned almost $8.6 million in prize money.
Wang Xuejun
Wang Xuejun (simplified Chinese: 王学军; traditional Chinese: 王學軍; Hanyu Pinyin: Wáng Xuéjūn; born December 1952) is a Chinese politician and former senior regional official. He served as the governor of Anhui from 2013 to 2015, then was promoted to Party Secretary of Anhui, a position he held from 2015 to 2016.

Governor of Anhui
The governor of Anhui, officially the Governor of the Anhui Provincial People's Government, is the head of Anhui Province and leader of the Anhui Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Anhui Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Anhui Committee. The current governor is Wang Qingxian, who took office on 1 February 2021.
Lecanemab
Lecanemab, sold under the brand name Leqembi, is a monoclonal antibody medication used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Lecanemab is an amyloid beta-directed antibody. It is given via intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection to people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. In clinical trials, it demonstrated modest efficacy in reducing relative cognitive decline compared to placebo. The most common side effects of lecanemab include headache, infusion-related reactions, and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, a side effect known to occur with the class of antibodies targeting amyloid. Lecanemab was jointly developed by Eisai, Biogen, and Bioarctic.

Lecanemab was granted accelerated approval for medical use in the United States in January 2023, and traditional approval in July 2023. Lecanemab was approved for medical use in South Korea in May 2024, Mexico in December 2024,, the EU in April 2025, and Canada in October 2025.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
1988 U.S. Women's Open
The 1988 U.S. Women's Open was the 43rd U.S. Women's Open, held July 21–24 at the Five Farms East Course of Baltimore Country Club in Lutherville, Maryland, a suburb north of Baltimore.

Liselotte Neumann won her only major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Patty Sheehan. From Sweden, she was only the fifth international player to win the U.S. Women's Open. For the first time, the championship was won by non-Americans in consecutive years, as Laura Davies of England won in 1987.

At age 22, Neumann was the youngest professional to date to win the title, second by two months to 1967 champion Catherine Lacoste, an amateur who won less than a week after turning 22. She opened with a record 67 on Thursday, and either led or co-led after every round.

Sixty years earlier, the East Course hosted the PGA Championship in 1928, won by Leo Diegel. He stopped four-time defending champion Walter Hagen in the quarterfinals, ending his winning streak at 22 matches.

1987 U.S. Women's Open
The 1987 U.S. Women's Open was the 42nd U.S. Women's Open, held July 23–28 at Plainfield Country Club in Edison, New Jersey, a suburb southwest of New York City.

Laura Davies won the first of her four major titles in an 18-hole Tuesday playoff over runners-up Ayako Okamoto and Joanne Carner. The final round concluded on Monday after rain delays. It was Davies' first victory in the United States, and she became the fourth international winner of the championship.

Following this year, the Women's Open was not played in the New York City area for over a quarter century, returning in 2013 at Sebonack on eastern Long Island. In that time, the winner's share of the purse grew over tenfold, from $55,000 to $585,000.
José Chávez y Castillo
José Chávez y Castillo was a Mexican landowner and trader who served as provisional Governor of New Mexico from 1 May 1845 until 16 November 1845, when Manuel Armijo became governor for a third term.

José Chávez was the son of Francisco Xavier Chávez, the first governor of New Mexico after it gained independence from Spain, and brother of Mariano Chaves, who also served briefly as acting governor.
With the opening up of the Santa Fe Trail, by 1839 José Chávez and his nephew Antonio José Chávez were among the Santa Fe traders engaged in the profitable business of importing goods from the United States, which other traders would buy and transport to markets in Chihuahua and other places to the south.

Mariano Chaves
José Mariano Chaves y Castillo (or Mariano Chávez) (31 December 1799 – May 1845) was a wealthy Spanish-American landowner who was the acting governor of New Mexico for a few months during 1844.
Chaves County, New Mexico is named after him.
Black Tambourine
Black Tambourine was an American indie pop band and one of the earliest Slumberland groups of the early 1990s. Formed in Silver Spring, Maryland, the band comprised vocalist Pam Berry and instrumentalists Archie Moore, Brian Nelson and Mike Schulman. Along with Tiger Trap, Lois, Honeybunch, Tullycraft, and Beat Happening, they are considered to be one of the most influential bands of the American twee pop movement.

Honeybunch
Honeybunch is an indie pop band from Providence, Rhode island formed in 1987 by future Velvet Crush member Jeffrey Underhill, releasing a string of records before splitting up in 1995. The band reformed in 2003.
The Deportees and Other Stories
The Deportees and Other Stories is the first short story collection by Irish writer Roddy Doyle first published by Jonathan Cape in 2007. All the stories were written for Metro Éireann, a multicultural paper aimed at Ireland's immigrant population and explore their experiences. The stories were written in 800 word chapters and published monthly; as Doyle explains in the foreword to the book:

The stories have never been carefully planned. I send off a chapter to the Metro Eireann editor Chinedu Onyejelem, and, often, I haven't a clue what's going to happen next, And I don't care too much, until the deadline begin's to tap me on the shoulder. It's a fresh, small terror, once a month. I live a very quiet life; I love that monthly terror.

Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a British publishing firm headquartered in London and founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

Cape and his business partner Wren Howard (1893–1968) set up the publishing house in 1921. They established a reputation for high-quality design and production and a fine list of English-language authors, fostered by the firm's editor and reader Edward Garnett. Cape's list of writers ranged from poets including Robert Frost and C. Day Lewis, to children's authors such as Roald Dahl, Hugh Lofting and Arthur Ransome, to James Bond novels by Ian Fleming, to heavyweight fiction by James Joyce and T. E. Lawrence.

After Cape's death, the firm later merged successively with three other London publishing houses. In 1987 it was taken over by Random House. Its name continues as one of Random House's British imprints.
Wiesbaden-Erbenheim station
Wiesbaden-Erbenheim station is a railway station in the borough of Erbenheim in the Hessian state capital of Wiesbaden  on the Ländchesbahn from Wiesbaden to Niedernhausen. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station. The station was opened in 1879.

Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof
Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Wiesbaden, the state capital of the German state of Hesse. It is a terminal station at the southern edge of the city centre and is used by more than 40,000 travelers each day, so it is the second largest station in Hesse after Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station.
Nafpaktia Mountains
The Nafpaktia Mountains (Greek: Όρη Ναυπακτίας) or Mountainous Nafpaktia (Ορεινή Ναυπακτία) is a mountainous region in Aetolia-Acarnania, in central Greece. The highest peak is 1,472 metres (4,829 ft) high. The region ranges from the outskirts of the town of Nafpaktos in the south to Mount Vardousia in the northeast, and from the Mornos valley to the east to the Evinos valley to the west.

Evinos
Evinos (Greek: Εύηνος) is a 92-kilometre-long (57 mi) river in western Greece, flowing into the Gulf of Patras. Its source is in the northern Vardousia mountains, near the village Artotina, Phocis. The river flows in a generally southwestern direction, for most of its length in Aetolia-Acarnania. It feeds the reservoir of Lake Evinos, that is about 10km². The river flows through a deep forested valley with few small villages. In its lower course it flows through lowlands, and it empties into the Gulf of Patras 10km southeast of Missolonghi. The village Evinochori near its mouth owes its name to this river.
Katsukiyo Kubomatsu
Katsukiyo Kubomatsu (久保松勝喜代; 25 October 1894 – 15 December 1941) was a Japanese professional go player. Nicknamed the Great Amateur, Kubomatsu was responsible for sending Utaro Hashimoto and Minoru Kitani to Kensaku Segoe and Tamejiro Suzuki respectively and also taught Nobuaki Maeda. Kubomatsu was known as one of the earliest innovators of the shin-fuseki, a revolution in Go theory pioneered by his student Minoru Kitani and Go Seigen in the 1930s. Kubomatsu was known for starting on the tengen, the center point of the board. He was posthumously promoted to 9 dan by the Nihon Ki-in and Kansai Ki-in in 2009, 67 years after his death.

Go Seigen
Wu Chuan (Chinese: 吳泉), courtesy name Wu Ching-yuan (Chinese: 吳清源) (June 12, 1914 – November 30, 2014), better known by the Japanese pronunciation of his courtesy name, Go Seigen (ご せいげん), was a Chinese-Japanese master of the game of Go. He is considered by many players to have been the greatest Go player in the 20th century.
1951 Neutral Bay state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Neutral Bay on 2 June 1951 because of the resignation of Ivan Black (Liberal). Black wanted to contest the federal seat of Warringah as the Liberal candidate at the 1951 Australian federal election. He understood that he had to resign from the state parliament at least 14 days prior to the close of nominations, which meant he needed to resign before the Liberal party selected its candidate. He was defeated for pre-selection by Francis Bland, who went on to comfortably win the seat. Black was selected as the Liberal candidate to retain the state seat.

1951 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 28 April 1951. All 121 seats in the House of Representatives and all 60 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution called after the Senate rejected the Commonwealth Bank Bill. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party led by Ben Chifley with a modestly reduced majority, and secured a majority in the Senate. Chifley died just over a month after the election.
2018 Chicoutimi—Le Fjord federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord in Quebec on June 18, 2018, following the resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Denis Lemieux.

The seat was gained by the Conservative Party of Canada, with Richard Martel winning on a large swing of 19 points, becoming the new MP. The result was a surprise, as in the 2015 election, the conservative candidate had come in 4th place. Martel's victory was the first by-election loss for the Liberals since 2013.

Chicoutimi
Chicoutimi (/ʃɪˈkuːtɪmi/ shih-KOO-tim-ee, French: [ʃikutimi]) is the most populous borough (arrondissement) of the city of Saguenay in Quebec, Canada.

It is situated at the confluence of the Saguenay and Chicoutimi rivers. During the 20th century, it became the main administrative and commercial centre of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. In 2002 it merged into the new city of Saguenay and forms the heart of the 5th-largest urban area of the province of Quebec. At the 2021 census, its population was 69,004.