hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patients' Rights Directive 2011
The Patients’ Rights Directive 2011 (2011/24/EU) is a Directive in EU law that codifies rights to receive health care across member state borders. It enables member states to require prior authority to manage outflow of patients, and permission can be refused on safety grounds.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
1950 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1950 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1950 Big Ten Conference football season.  In their fourth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 2–7 record, finished in a three-way tie for last place in the Big Ten Conference with a 1–4 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 200 to 143.

Notable players from the 1950 Purdue team included end Leo Sugar.

Leo Sugar
Leo Tateusz Sugar (April 6, 1929 – September 23, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago/St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Eagles, and the Detroit Lions.  He went to two Pro Bowls during his nine-year career.  Sugar played college football at Purdue University, where he was an All-Big Ten Defensive End and was named to the College All-Star Game.  He was named to the 1951 All-American team and was drafted in the eleventh round of the 1952 NFL draft.  He was born in Flint, Michigan and played football and basketball for the Flint Northern Vikings in high school as well as a local American Legion baseball team. He died in September 2020 at the age of 91.
4th Parliament of Georgia
The Fourth convocation of Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს მეოთხე მოწვევის პარლამენტი) was elected on November 5, 1995, on the basis of the new constitution.

Elections were held by proportional and majoritarian system. 150 of the 235 mandates of the Parliament were distributed proportionally to the parties that received more than 5% of the votes participating in the elections. 85 deputies were elected from the administrative units of Georgia. 12 majority deputies were automatically empowered, as they represented the majority deputies of Abkhazia's districts, and in the remaining 73 majority districts, elections were held as usual.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
2014 CONCACAF Champions League final
The 2014 CONCACAF Champions League final was the final of the 2013–14 CONCACAF Champions League, the 6th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 49th edition of the premium football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between two Mexican teams, Cruz Azul and Toluca. The first leg was hosted by Cruz Azul at Estadio Azul in Mexico City on 15 April 2014, while the second leg was hosted by Toluca at Estadio Nemesio Díez in Toluca on 23 April 2014. The winner earned the right to represent CONCACAF at the 2014 FIFA Club World Cup, entering at the quarterfinal stage.

The first leg ended in a 0–0 draw, and the second leg ended in a 1–1 draw, giving Cruz Azul a record-setting sixth CONCACAF club title (and their first during the Champions League era) on the away goals rule.

Deportivo Toluca F.C.
Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club S.A. de C.V., simplified as Toluca FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Toluca, State of Mexico. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Nemesio Díez. Founded in 1917 as Club Deportivo Toluca, it is one of seven Mexican clubs that have never been relegated.

Domestically, Toluca FC is one of the most successful Mexican clubs, winning 12 Liga MX titles, two Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones. Internationally, it has won two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles and also finished as runners-up in the 1969 Copa Interamericana. Subregionally, it has won one Campeones Cup.

The club's top goalscorer is José Saturnino Cardozo, who played from 1995 to 2005 and scored 249 goals in 332 appearances.
Highways in Peru
The primary highways of Peru are assigned using a numeric designation and sometimes a name. Spur and loop routes are designated with the parent highway's number and a letter (excluding N or more than one occurrence of S).

Longitudinal highways (travelling north to south) are designated with odd numbers. They are 
numbered from smallest to largest from the west to the east.

Transverse highways (travelling east to west) are designated with even numbers. They are 
numbered from smallest to largest from the north to the south.

Carretera Central (Peru)
The Carretera Central of Peru or National Route 22 is a two-lane highway that crosses through Central Peru. It begins in the city of Lima, and connects with the department of Junin in Central Peru. An update to the highway with an expansion to four lanes was announced in 2020 and is expected to be completed by 2025.
Trimethylenemethane
Trimethylenemethane (often abbreviated TMM) is a chemical compound with formula C4H6.  It is a neutral free molecule with two unsatisfied valence bonds, and is therefore a highly reactive free radical.  Formally, it can be viewed as an isobutylene molecule C4H8 with two hydrogen atoms removed from the terminal methyl groups.

Singlet state
In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired. The term "singlet" originally meant a linked set of particles whose net angular momentum is zero, that is, whose overall spin quantum number . As a result, there is only one spectral line of a singlet state. In contrast, a doublet state contains one unpaired electron and shows splitting of spectral lines into a doublet, and a triplet state has two unpaired electrons and shows threefold splitting of spectral lines.
1975 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1975 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 77th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 5 October to 30 November 1975.

The final was played on 30 November 1975 at Coachford Sportsfield, between Bandon and Carrignavar, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Bandon won the match by 1–11 to 1–01 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in 22 years.

1895 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 13 October 1895 at the Town Park in Mallow, between William O'Briens and Dromtarriffe. William O'Briens won the match by 0–04 to 0–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
Elena Langer
Elena Langer (born 1974 in Moscow) is a Russian-born British composer of opera and other contemporary classical music. Her work has been performed at the Royal Opera House, Zurich Opera, Carnegie Hall, Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts, Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theatre, Shakespeare's Globe, Wigmore Hall, Opera national du Rhin, Strasbourg, and Milton Court, Barbican Centre. She studied piano and composition at the Gnessin State Musical College in Moscow and composition at the Moscow Conservatoire; in 1999 she moved to London and studied composition at the Royal College of Music (1999–2000) with Julian Anderson and the Royal Academy of Music (2001–03) with Simon Bainbridge.

Simon Bainbridge
Simon Bainbridge (30 August 1952 – 2 April 2021) was a British composer.  He was also a professor and head of composition at the Royal Academy of Music, London, and visiting professor at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States.
Kanglung Gewog
Kanglung Gewog (Dzongkha: བཀང་ལུང་) is a gewog (village block) of Trashigang District, Bhutan. Kanglung is in eastern Bhutan and is known for being home to Shebrubtse college and also known as Domkhar Kanglung gewog has a total of 67.14 km sq area. Kanglung Gewog has a total population of 7,316. It consists of 3,944 males and 3,372 females. The construction of Zangdopelri was made feasible because of the industrious labor of  Sharcho Khorlo Tshebgay, under Tamshing Jakar in 1978. The Zangdopelri is three storied and has some important relics. Today it is considered as one of the most sacred and oldest in the areas. Kanglung gewog has one domestic airport at Yonphula, which helps the people with better transportation service within Bhutan.

Trashigang District
27°15′N 91°40′E﻿ / ﻿27.250°N 91.667°E﻿ / 27.250; 91.667

Trashigang District (Dzongkha: བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག།; Wylie: Bkra-shis-sgang rdzong-khag; also spelled "Tashigang") is Bhutan's easternmost dzongkhag (district).
Snøskalkegga Ridge
Snoskalkegga Ridge (71°59′S 13°13′E﻿ / ﻿71.983°S 13.217°E﻿ / -71.983; 13.217) is a largely snow-covered ridge, about 3 nautical miles (6 km) long and surmounted at the north end by Kazanskaya Mountain, located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) west of Dekefjellet Mountain in the Weyprecht Mountains, Queen Maud Land. Discovered and plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Replotted from air photos and surveys by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Snoskalkegga.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Snøskalkegga Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Dekefjellet Mountain
Dekefjellet Mountain (71°58′S 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 13.417°E﻿ / -71.967; 13.417) is an elongated mountain, about 3 nautical miles (6 km) long and surmounted by Kamskaya Peak, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) west of Skavlrimen Ridge in the Weyprecht Mountains, Queen Maud Land. The feature is partly rock and partly covered with snow. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. The mountain was replotted from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Dekefjellet.
Father of All Motherfuckers
Father of All Motherfuckers is the thirteenth studio album by the American rock band Green Day, released on February 7, 2020, through Reprise Records. Produced by Butch Walker, the band,  and Chris Dugan, the album marks a complete departure from the band's traditional punk rock sound, incorporating garage rock elements similar to their tenth studio album, ¡Dos! (2012).

The album was preceded by three singles: "Father of All...", "Fire, Ready, Aim" and "Oh Yeah!". It debuted atop the UK Albums Chart and Australian ARIA Albums Chart, among others. Despite chart success, the album received polarizing reviews from critics, with praise for the album's brisk pace and energy, but criticism for its lyrics and runtime.

Do You Wanna Touch Me
"Do You Wanna Touch Me", also referred to as "Do You Wanna Touch Me? (Oh Yeah)" is a song by the English glam rock singer Gary Glitter, written by Glitter with Mike Leander and produced by Leander. It was released as the lead single from his second studio album, Touch Me (1973), peaking at No. 2 on the UK singles chart in January 1973, his third successive UK hit. The single also reached No. 9 in Ireland and No. 11 in Australia.
1364 Safara
1364 Safara, incorrectly designated 1935 VB, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1935, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa. The asteroid should have been designated 1935 WB, as the letter "V" only covers discoveries made during 1–15 November. It was named after André Safar, presumably an acquaintance of the discoverer from Algiers.

Louis Boyer (astronomer)
Louis Boyer (1901–1999) was a French astronomer who worked at the Algiers Observatory, North Africa, where he discovered 40 asteroids between 1930 and 1952.

In the 1950s and 1960s. he worked on identifications of small Solar System bodies at Nice Observatory in southeastern France. The asteroid 1215 Boyer, discovered by his colleague Alfred Schmitt at Algiers in 1932, was named after him. In turn Boyer named the 1617 Alschmitt asteroid in honor of Schmitt.

Boyer also named 1713 Bancilhon after Odette Bancilhon his colleague and wife of astronomer Alfred Schmitt.
16th GCC Club Championship
The 16th GCC Club Championship (Arabic: بطولة الأنديـة الخليجية أبطال الدوري) was the sixteenth edition of the GCC Club Championship for clubs of the Gulf Cooperation Council nations. It started on 25 January and finished with the final round on 5 February 1999, and all the matches were played in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Al-Ittihad won the title for the First time in their history.

AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League
The AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League (Arabic: دوري أبطال الخليج للأندية), formerly known as the GCC Champions League, is a regional football competition governed by the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation (AGCFF) for clubs from its eight member nations.

The tournament was founded by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and was first organised in 1982. During its early years, the GCC Club Championship also acted as a qualification tournament for the Asian Club Championship. The last edition organised by the GCC was the 30th edition in 2015, which featured twelve teams, while its attempts to organise the 31st edition failed.

The tournament was relaunched by the AGCFF for the 2024–25 season under the name AGCFF Gulf Club Champions League, featuring eight teams. Duhok are the current champions, having beaten Al-Qadisiya in the 2025 final.
Tindefjellsbreen
Tindefjellsbreen is a glacier in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 20-square-kilometre (7.7 sq mi) glacier lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the mountain Skåla, roughly halfway between the villages of Bødalen and Erdalen. The glacier is in the mountains east of the lake Lovatnet and south of the lake Oppstrynsvatn. The glacier is part of Jostedalsbreen National Park, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Loen.

Jostedalsbreen National Park
Jostedalsbreen National Park (Norwegian: Jostedalsbreen nasjonalpark) is a national park in Norway that encompasses the largest glacier on the European mainland, Jostedalsbreen. The park was established by royal decree on 25 October 1991, and then in 1998, it was enlarged to the northwest.  The park now covers 1,310 square kilometres (510 sq mi), with the glaciers covering about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of the park.
Gosë
Gosë is a former rural municipality situated in the central plains of Albania's Western Lowlands region. It is part of Tirana County. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Rrogozhinë. The population at the 2011 census was 4,120.
The Fortress of Bashtovë is located in Gosë Administrative Unit.

Vilë-Ballaj
Vilë-Ballaj is a village situated in the central plains of Albania's Western Lowlands region. It is part of Tirana County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Rrogozhinë. The Fortress of Bashtovë is close to the village.
Saltwater Creek Railway Bridge
Saltwater Creek Railway Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge over Bundaberg Creek (also known as Saltwater Creek) on Quay Street from Bundaberg Central to Bundaberg East in Bundaberg, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1894 by James Overend. It is also known as Millaquin Bridge. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Shire of Woongarra
The Shire of Woongarra was a local government area located to the south and east of the regional city of Bundaberg. The shire, administered from Bundaberg itself, covered an area of 722.4 square kilometres (278.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1885 until 1994, when it amalgamated with Gooburrum to form the Shire of Burnett.
Boris Gutnikov
Boris Lvovich Gutnikov (Russian: Борис Львович Гу́тников) (4 July 1931 in Vitebsk – 6 April 1986 in Leningrad) was a Soviet violinist, born in the Byelorussian SSR.

He won the 1957 Long-Thibaud Competition and, most notably, the 1962 International Tchaikovsky Competition. He had been appointed a teacher at the Leningrad Conservatory soon before.

Andrei Petrov composed in 1987 his Memoria for violin and ensemble in memoriam Gutnikov.

Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition
The Long–Thibaud–Crespin Competition is an international classical music competition for pianists, violinists and singers that has been held in France since 1943.   (A Jacques Thibaud Competition was held the year before in Bordeaux: Jacques Thibaud chaired the jury and the First Prize was awarded to Jacques Dejean.)  It was created by the pianist Marguerite Long and the violinist Jacques Thibaud.  Thibaud died in 1953, Long in 1966.  Until 2011 it included only pianists and violinists and was known as the Marguerite Long–Jacques Thibaud Competition.  That year, in honour of the French soprano Régine Crespin (1927–2007), it was expanded to include singers, and renamed.
Bellheim
Bellheim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is situated west of the Rhine, approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Landau and 15 km (9 mi) northwest of the city of Karlsruhe. 
It is home to the Bellheimer Brauerei (part of Park & Bellheimer AG), a brewery that produces the Bellheimer Lord, Bellheimer Silberpils, and Bellheimer Naturtrüb beers and Bellaris mineral waters. 
Bellheim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bellheim. Bellheim station is on Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Germersheim (district)
Germersheim (German: [ˈɡɛʁmɐsˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a district in the south-east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südliche Weinstraße, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the district Karlsruhe as well as the district-free city of Karlsruhe, and the French département Bas-Rhin.
Casalduni
Casalduni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 15 km northwest of Benevento, on the slopes of Monte Cicco on the right of the Tammaro river.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
KNSN-TV
KNSN-TV (channel 21) is a primary sports-formatted independent television station in Reno, Nevada, United States, which has a secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside dual Fox/NBC affiliate KRXI-TV (channel 11). Sinclair also provides certain services to KRNV-DT (channel 4) under joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Cunningham Broadcasting; however, Sinclair effectively owns KRNV as the majority of Cunningham's stock is owned by the family of deceased group founder Julian Smith. The three stations share studios on Vassar Street in Reno; KNSN-TV's transmitter is located on Red Hill between US 395 and SR 445 in Sun Valley, Nevada.

Cunningham Broadcasting
Cunningham Broadcasting Corporation is an owner of broadcast television stations in the United States. The company owns fifteen stations–three affiliated with Fox, three affiliated with The CW, two affiliated with ABC, and two affiliated with MyNetworkTV.

Cunningham has very close ties to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. All but two of the Cunningham stations are operated by Sinclair under local marketing agreements (the exceptions are WTAT-TV, which Cunningham operates directly with no involvement from Sinclair outside of a news-share agreement with a Sinclair-owned station in its market, and WYZZ-TV, which is operated by Nexstar Media Group). In addition, over 90 percent of Cunningham's stock is controlled by trusts in the name of Sinclair founder Julian Smith's children. Based on these arrangements, Cunningham appears to be a shell corporation which Sinclair uses to circumvent Federal Communications Commission regulations on television station ownership.
Fittonia albivenis
Fittonia albivenis is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to the rainforests of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and northern Brazil. An evergreen perennial, it is notable for its dark green foliage with strongly contrasting white or red veins. It is commonly called nerve plant or mosaic plant. In temperate regions where the temperature falls below 10 °C (50 °F) it must be grown as a houseplant.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.