hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Gorham
Joseph Gorham (sometimes recorded as Goreham, 1725–1790) was an American colonial military officer during King George's War and later a British army commander during the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. He is best known for leading a company of British imperial Rangers, called Gorham's Rangers, during the 1750s and early 1760s. Gorham's unit played an important role in the French and Indian War and were early practitioners of American frontier warfare, more commonly known as petite guerre or Guerrilla warfare. He also became Governor of Placentia.

King George's War
King George's War (1744–1748) encompassed the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.  It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay (which included Maine as well as Massachusetts at the time), New Hampshire (which included Vermont at the time), and Nova Scotia. Its most significant action was an expedition organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley that besieged and ultimately captured the French fortress of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, in 1745. In French, it is known as the Troisième Guerre Intercoloniale or Third Intercolonial War.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war in 1748 and restored Louisbourg to France, but failed to resolve any outstanding territorial issues.
Premia
Premia (Walser German: Saley) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Verbania, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 607 and an area of 88.7 square kilometres (34.2 sq mi).

Premia borders the following municipalities: Baceno, Bosco/Gurin (Switzerland), Campo (Vallemaggia) (Switzerland), Crodo, Formazza, Montecrestese.

Premia is a thermal spa town.

Verbania
Verbania (Italian: [verˈbaːnja] ⓘ, Lombard: [ʋerˈbaɲa], Piedmontese: [ʋerˈbɑnja]) is the most populous comune (municipality) and the capital city of the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Piedmont region of northwest Italy. It is situated on the shore of Lake Maggiore, about 91 km (57 mi) north-west of Milan and about 40 km (25 mi) from Locarno in Switzerland. It had a population of 30,827 on 1 January 2017.
Gmina Łańcut
Gmina Łańcut (Łańcut Commune) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łańcut County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Łańcut (site of the famous Łańcut Castle), although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 106.65 square kilometres (41.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,313 (21,108 in 2011).

Łańcut Castle
Łańcut Castle (Polish: Zamek w Łańcucie; pronounced: [ˈwaɲt͡sut]) is a complex of historical buildings located in Łańcut, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. Historically the residence of the Pilecki, Lubomirski and Potocki families, the complex includes a number of buildings and is surrounded by a park. The castle is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated September 1, 2005, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.
Pseudotricholoma umbrosum
Pseudotricholoma umbrosum, commonly known as the amyloid tricholoma, is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the genus Pseudotricholoma. It was first described scientifically by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Maurice B. Walters in 1943 as a species of Tricholoma. Rolf Singer transferred it to Porpoloma (subgenus Pseudotricholoma) in 1962. The mushroom is found in North America, where it fruits singly or in small groups under conifer trees. Although it resembles a Tricholoma species, it is distinguished from that genus by its amyloid spores.

Porpoloma
Porpoloma is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus contains about 12 species found predominantly in South America. Porpoloma was described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1952 with P. sejunctum as the type species.
Anthony Ani
Etubom Anthony Ani was the Minister of state for Foreign affairs and Finance Minister of Nigeria from 1994 – 1998 during the Sani Abacha regime.
He  hails from Odukpani local government area of Cross River State in southern Nigeria.

He is also a former chairman of KPMG, former
President  of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN).
Chief Ani, is the Clan Head of Mbiabo Ikoneto in Cross River State, in the Niger delta region of Nigeria.
He was a career accountant who was appointed by General Sani Abacha as Minister of state for Foreign Affairs in 1993 and was subsequent appointed as the Minister of finance in 1994.

Finance Minister of Nigeria
The minister of finance of Nigeria is a senior cabinet official in the Nigerian Federal Executive Council. The finance minister's directs the Nigerian Ministry of Finance and ensures that it operates in a transparent, accountable and efficient manner to bolster the country's economic development priorities. The minister is assisted by the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Finance, a career civil servant.
The current Nigerian minister of finance is Wale Edun appointed by President Bola Tinubu on 16 August 2023.
Sergei Semak
Sergei Bogdanovich Semak (Russian: Серге́й Богда́нович Сема́к [sʲɪrˈɡʲej bɐɡˈdanəvʲɪtɕ sʲɪˈmak]; born 27 February 1976) is a Russian football manager and a former international midfielder who manages Russian Premier League side Zenit Saint Petersburg.

Russian Cup (football)
The Russian Cup (Russian: Кубок России) is a football competition held annually by the Football Union of Russia for professional  and some amateur (only after a special permission and licensing by Russian Football Union) football clubs.

The winner of the competition ordinarily got a spot in the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. However, all Russian clubs, as well as the national team, have been barred from European competition due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons
The Inter-American Convention on The Forced Disappearance of Persons is a treaty of the Organization of American States (OAS) intended to combat the forced disappearance of persons. The convention was adopted in 1994. Ratification is open to all members of the OAS and as of 2014, the convention has been ratified by 15 states. Violations of the convention can be brought to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

As of 2014, the only state to have signed the convention but not ratified it is Nicaragua.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in the three other official languages –  Spanish, French, and Portuguese –  CIDH, Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos, Commission Interaméricaine des Droits de l'Homme, Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS).

The separate Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica.  Together the Court and the Commission make up the human rights protection system of the OAS.
2021 EchoPark Texas Grand Prix
The 2021 EchoPark Texas Grand Prix was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on May 23, 2021, at Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas. Originally scheduled for 68 laps on the 3.41-mile (5.49-kilometre) road course, the race was shortened to 54 laps by heavy rain. It was the 14th race of the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series season.

NASCAR Cup Series at Circuit of the Americas
The DuraMAX Grand Prix is a NASCAR Cup Series stock car race at Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas. Introduced in 2021, the race was one of seven road course dates on the Cup Series schedule that year. Christopher Bell is the defending winner.

There is also a NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series race, the Focused Health 250, that is held on the same weekend as the Cup Series.
Equine infectious anemia
Equine infectious anemia or equine infectious anaemia (EIA), also known by horsemen as swamp fever, is a horse disease caused by a retrovirus (Equine infectious anemia virus) and transmitted by bloodsucking insects. The virus (EIAV) is endemic in the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle and Far East, Russia, and South Africa.  The virus is a lentivirus, like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  Like HIV, EIA can be transmitted through blood, milk, and body secretions.
Transmission is primarily through biting flies, such as the horse-fly and deer-fly. The virus survives up to 4 hours in the vector. Contaminated surgical equipment and recycled needles and syringes, and bits can transmit the disease. Mares can transmit the disease to their foals via the placenta.
The risk of transmitting the disease is greatest when an infected horse is ill, as the blood levels of the virus are then highest.

Lentivirus
Lentivirus  is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in humans and other mammalian species. The genus includes the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS. Lentiviruses are distributed worldwide, and are known to be hosted in apes, cows, goats, horses, cats, and sheep as well as several other mammals.

Lentiviruses can integrate a significant amount of viral complementary DNA into the DNA of the host cell and can efficiently infect nondividing cells, so they are one of the most efficient methods of gene delivery. They can become endogenous, integrating their genome into the host germline genome, so that the virus is henceforth inherited by the host's descendants.
Political divisions of Kannur district
Kannur district is politically organized into a complex web of taluks, blocks, panchayaths and villages. In addition, there are also parliamentary divisions called Assembly constituencies and Lok Sabha constituencies.

Taliparamba
Taliparamba (also known as Perinchelloor and Lakshmipuram) is a Municipality and Taluk of Kannur district in Kerala state, India. The municipal town spreads over an area of 18.96 square kilometres (7.32 sq mi) and is inhabited by 44,247 number of people.
President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate
The president pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate (also known more commonly as the "president pro-tem") is a constitutionally-created office in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The current president pro tempore is Republican Kim Ward.

Commonwealth (U.S. state)
Commonwealth is a term used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. "Commonwealth" is a traditional English term used to describe a political community as having been founded for the common good, and shares some similarities with the Latin phrase "res publica" ('the public thing'), which ultimately is the origin of the word "republic".

The "commonwealth" appellation is merely stylistic and carries no legal or political significance. The four states that use this term are all in the Eastern United States, and prior to the formation of the United States in 1776 were British colonial possessions (at the time, Kentucky was a part of colonial Virginia). As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions.
Kitsai language
Kitsai (also Kichai) is an extinct member of the Caddoan language family. The French first record the Kichai people's presence along the upper Red River in 1701. By the 1840s Kitsai was spoken in southern Oklahoma, but by 1940 no native speakers remained. It is thought to be most closely related to Pawnee. The Kichai people today are enrolled in the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi), Waco and Tawakonie), headquartered in Anadarko, Oklahoma.

Tawakoni
The Tawakoni (also Tahuacano and Tehuacana) are a Southern Plains Native American tribe, closely related to the Wichitas. They historically spoke a Wichita language of the Caddoan language family. Currently, they are  enrolled in the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, a federally recognized tribe.
47th Telluride Film Festival
The 47th Telluride Film Festival was scheduled to take place on September 4–7, 2020. In May 2020, it was announced that the festival would kick off a day earlier on September 3 for safety purposes. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado, the festival announced its cancellation on July 14, 2020. Telluride was due to honor the Silver Medallion to Chloé Zhao, Anthony Hopkins, and Kate Winslet.

Telluride announced the year's initial line-up on August 3, 2020. Ammonite and Concrete Cowboy were set to world premiere at the festival, but the two films were screened for the first time at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival instead. Nomadland was also set to premiere at the festival, but it premiered at the 2020 Venice Film Festival. Telluride held a drive-in screening of the film at the Rose Bowl in Los Angeles.

Telluride Film Festival
The Telluride Film Festival (TFF) is a film festival held annually in Telluride, Colorado, during Labor Day weekend (the first Monday in September). The 52nd edition took place on August 29 – September 1, 2025.
Murder of Tupac Shakur
On September 7, 1996, at 11:15 p.m. (PDT), Tupac Shakur, a 25-year-old American rapper, was shot in a drive-by shooting in Paradise, Nevada. The shooting occurred when the car carrying Shakur was stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. Shakur was struck by four rounds fired from a .40-caliber Glock: two in the chest, one in the arm, and one in the thigh. The driver, Suge Knight, was grazed by a bullet in the shooting. Shakur died from his injuries six days later, on September 13, 1996.

Orlando Anderson, a Crips gang member, was suspected in the murder but denied being involved and was never charged. He was killed in an unrelated gang shootout in 1998. On September 29, 2023, 27 years after Shakur's murder, Duane "Keefe D" Davis, Anderson's uncle, was arrested after being indicted by a grand jury for the first-degree murder of Shakur.

Drive-by shooting
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing. Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.
Aristocrat (fashion)
Aristocrat is a Japanese street fashion that is inspired by what is thought to have been worn by middle class and higher social status Europeans in the Middle Ages, as well as the upper class in the 19th century. This fashion includes long sleeve blouses and shirts, long skirts, corsetry, trousers and dresses that are styled in a similar way for men and women, because it is centred on androgyny and elegance. Most aristocrat fashion takes heavy influence from gothic fashion. Makeup, when worn with the fashion, is on the darker side, may be heavy, and can be worn without regards to gender.

Elegant Gothic Aristocrat (EGA) is a term coined by Mana, a fashion designer and band leader of Moi dix Mois (formerly of Malice Mizer), and is used to describe his brand of clothing carried in his store Moi-même-Moitié.

Blouse
A blouse (/blaʊz, blaʊs, bluːz/) is a loose-fitting upper garment that may be worn by workmen, peasants, artists, women, and children. It is typically gathered at the waist or hips (by tight hem, pleats, parter, or belt) so that it hangs loosely ("blouses") over the wearer's body.  Today, the word most commonly refers to a girl's or woman's dress shirt, although there is considerable confusion between a true blouse and a women's shirt. It can also refer to a man's shirt if it is a loose-fitting style (e.g. poet shirts and Cossack shirts), though it rarely is. Traditionally, the term has been used to refer to a shirt which blouses out or has an unmistakably feminine appearance, although even many "standard" shirts today have a somewhat blousy fit, and the numbers of men wearing such shirts may match (or even exceed) that of women wearing actual blouses.

The term is also used for some men's military uniform jackets.
Hesperia Planum
Hesperia Planum is a broad lava plain in the southern highlands of the planet Mars. The plain is notable for its moderate number of impact craters and abundant wrinkle ridges. It is also the location of the ancient volcano Tyrrhena Mons (Tyrrhena Patera). The Hesperian time period on Mars is named after Hesperia Planum.

Lava field
A lava field, sometimes called a lava bed, is a large, mostly flat area of lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or hundreds of kilometers across the underlying terrain.
Heterostylum robustum
Heterostylum robustum is a species of bee fly belonging to the Bombyliidae family. It is found in southwestern Canada, most of the western United States, and Mexico. It is a bomber fly, parasitizing bees and wasps by launching its eggs into their nests. It is the principal parasite of the alkali bee Nomia melanderi, an important alfalfa pollinator across Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming. Other hosts of the fly include solitary bees such as Nomia nevadensis bakeri, Dieunomia triangulifera, Calliopsis anthidia, Nomia scutellaris, and Halictus rubicundus.

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.
Gizmo5
Gizmo5 (formerly known as Gizmo Project and SIPphone) was a voice over IP communications network and a proprietary freeware soft phone for that network. On November 12, 2009, Google announced that it had acquired Gizmo5. On March 4, 2011, Google announced that the service would be discontinued as of April 3, 2011.

The Gizmo5 network used open standards for call management, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). However, the Gizmo5 client application was proprietary software and used several proprietary codecs, including GIPS and Internet Speech Audio Codec (iSAC).

Softphone
A softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the Internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. The softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an actual telephone set. Often, a softphone is designed to behave like a traditional telephone, sometimes appearing as an image of a handset with a display panel and buttons with which the user can interact. A softphone is usually used with a headset connected to the sound card of the PC or with a USB phone.
Outline of the Bahamas
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to The Bahamas:

Commonwealth of The Bahamas – sovereign island country comprising an archipelago of seven hundred islands and two thousand cays.  The Bahamas are located in the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida and the United States, north of Cuba, the island of Hispaniola and the Caribbean, and northwest of the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Religion in the Bahamas
Religion in the Bahamas is dominated by various Christian denominations and reflects the country's diversity.

There is no state religion in the Bahamas, and there is generally free practice of religious beliefs; since the English colonization, most Bahamians adhere to diverse Protestant denominations with Baptist churches/Evangelicals, Pentecostalism, Adventism and Methodism being at the forefront.
Ayegunle Gbede
Ayegunle Gbede listenⓘ is a town in Ijumu local government in Kogi State in the Middle belt  of Nigeria. It has the Postcode 261103 and GPS coordinates 7.85674 / 5.94916. It is 480 kilometers (300 mi) from Abuja and 260 kilometers (160 mi) from Lagos.

Ayegunle Gbede is in the North-Eastern part of Ijumu Local Government Area. It is the second largest and most populous town in Gbede land. It is a nodal town - five roads from different villages and towns intersect at the town. It shares common borders with Ayedayo Amuro, Ayeh Gbede, Ayetoro Gbede, Idoyi Bunu, Iyah Gbede, Iluhafon Gbede, and Oleh Bunu.

The inhabitants of the town speak their local dialect of Okun and Gbede, which is a Yoruba dialect. It is one of the seven “Gbede” towns that consist of Ayegunle, Aiyetoro, Araromi, Ayeh, Iyah, Odokoro, and Okoro.

Ayetoro Gbede
Ayetoro Gbedelistenⓘ (Ayetoro-Gbede) is a town along the Ilorin – Kabba federal highway in Ijumu, a kingdom and local government area in Kogi state, Nigeria. Ayetoro Gbede is located in central Nigeria, approximately 420 kilometers northeast of Lagos, while it is 315 kilometers away from Abuja, the nation's capital. It is 21 kilometers away from Kabba Town. It is in the Kogi west senatorial district and Kabba/Ijumu federal constituency. The town was established over ninety-one years ago. The inhabitants of the town speak their local dialect of Okun and Gbede, which is a Yoruba dialect. The current traditional ruler is Oba Sunday Ehindero.

The first house in Ayetoro Gbede was built beside the old market and was owned by the founder, Oba Ajileye Daniel Alaa Bello. Ayetoro is also blessed with cashew seed, cocoa, vegetables, palm wine, and farming influence. The first community high school in Ayetoro gbede was established in September 1979.
Sergey Mironov
Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Миро́нов; born 14 February 1953) is a Russian politician. He served as Chairman of the Federation Council, the upper house of the Russian parliament, from 2001 to 2011. He leads the faction A Just Russia in the State Duma.

Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)
The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Russian: Председатель Совета Федерации Федерального собрания Российской Федерации), also informally called Speaker (спикер), is the presiding officer of the upper house of the Russian parliament. It is the third highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in the government of Russia. In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of Russia.
AC 25.1309-1
AC 25.1309–1 is an FAA Advisory Circular (AC) (Subject: System Design and Analysis) that identifies acceptable means for showing compliance with the airworthiness requirements of § 25.1309 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, which requires that civil aviation equipment, systems, and installations "perform their intended function under foreseeable operating conditions." The present Revision B was released in August 2024. AC 25.1309–1 establishes the principle that the more severe the hazard resulting from a system or equipment failure, the less likely that failure must be. Catastrophic failures must be extremely improbable.

Functional safety
Functional safety is the part of the overall safety of a system or piece of equipment that depends on automatic protection operating correctly in response to its inputs or failure in a predictable manner (fail-safe). The automatic protection system should be designed to properly handle likely systematic errors, hardware failures and operational/environmental stress.