hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beacon Head
Beacon Head is a small headland at the north side of the entrance to Lystad Bay on Horseshoe Island, off Graham Land. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee because a timber beacon built on the headland by Argentines was used during the survey on Horseshoe Island by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1955–57.

Horseshoe Island, Antarctica
Horseshoe Island is an island 12 km (6.5 nmi) long and 6 km (3 nmi) wide occupying most of the entrance to Square Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill who mapped the area by land and from the air in 1936–37. Its name is indicative of the crescentic alignment of the 600 to 900 m (2,000 to 3,000 ft) peaks which give a comparable shape to the island.

The Turkish Antarctic Research Station is located on the island.
Shachtmanism
Shachtmanism is the form of Marxism associated with the American Marxist theorist Max Shachtman (1904–1972). It has two major components: a bureaucratic collectivist analysis of the Soviet Union and a third camp approach to world politics. Shachtmanites believe that the Stalinist rulers of proclaimed socialist countries are a new ruling class distinct from the workers and reject Trotsky's description of Stalinist Russia as a "degenerated workers' state".

Degenerated workers' state
In Trotskyist political theory, a degenerated workers' state is a dictatorship of the proletariat in which the working class' democratic control over the state has given way to control by a bureaucratic clique. The term was developed by Leon Trotsky in The Revolution Betrayed (1936)  and in other works.
Minasnioc (Caylloma)
Minasnioc (Spanish minas mines, Quechua -ni, -yuq suffixes, "the one with mines") is a mountain in the north of the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, on the border of the districts Caylloma and Tapay. It lies north of Surihuiri and Minaspata and northeast of the mountain named Huaillaccocha and Huallatane.

Chila mountain range
The Chila mountain range lies in the Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru. It extends between 15°02' and 15°26'S and 71°43' and 72°37'W for about 80 km. The range is located in the provinces of Castilla and Caylloma.
Radway, Alberta
Radway is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located 0.75 kilometres (0.47 mi) southeast of Highway 28, approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) northeast of Fort Saskatchewan and 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Edmonton.

Thorhild County
Thorhild County is a municipal district located in the central part of northern Alberta, Canada, in Census Division 13. It was incorporated in 1955. It changed its name from the County of Thorhild No. 7 to Thorhild County on March 20, 2013.
The Frame (film)
The Frame is a 2014 American science fiction film, written and directed by Jamin Winans and starring David Carranza and Tiffany Mualem. It was produced by Winans's own independent production company, Double Edge Films, with Kiowa K. Winans, and shot by cinematographer Robert Muratore in locations around Denver, Colorado.  It is the follow-up to the 2009 science fiction fantasy film Ink, also written and directed by Jamin Winans.  The Frame played at the 2015 Sitges Film Festival in Spain, the 2015 Imagine Film Festival in Amsterdam and the 2015 Fantaspoa Film Festival in Brazil.

Ink (2009 film)
Ink is a 2009 American science fantasy film written and directed by Jamin Winans, starring Chris Kelly, Quinn Hunchar and Jessica Duffy. It was produced by Winans's own independent production company, Double Edge Films, with Kiowa K. Winans, and shot by cinematographer Jeff Pointer in locations around Denver, Colorado. The film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on January 23, 2009, and has screened in Denver, the Cancun Film Festival (where it won the Best International Feature award), Rams Head Onstage in Baltimore and in a number of independent movie houses in cities around the US. The film was widely circulated in peer-to-peer networks, which led to its commercial success on DVD and Blu-ray.
Francesco Caldei
Francesco Caldei called Francesco Mantovano or Mantovani (1587/88 in Mantua – 22 May 1674 in Venice) was an Italian painter, mainly known as a still-life painter of flowers, fruits, animals and musical instruments.  He also collaborated on garland and allegorical paintings. He was an art valuer and may also have been active as an art dealer. He worked first in Rome and then for the rest of his career in Venice.  Here his flower pieces with their Roman flavour and the pleasantness of composition earned the artist considerable commercial success with the Venetian bourgeoisie.

Joseph Heintz the Younger
Joseph Heintz the Younger or Joseph Heintz (II) (1600 – 24 September 1678) was a German Baroque painter. In 1625 he travelled to Italy, where he settled in Venice and became known for his copies of his father's work and his religious or mythological paintings.
Telecommunications in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. 
Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom market in this predominantly rural country is relatively small but has been trying boldly to expand in recent years. The state-owned Turkmen Telecom has been the primary provider of public telephone, email and internet services, and through a subsidiary has been operating a GSM mobile network in competition with a private mobile operator, BCTI (BCTI became MTS Turkmenistan in 2005).

Neytralny Turkmenistan
Neytralny Turkmenistan (Russian: Нейтральный Туркменистан, "Neutral Turkmenistan") is the daily official Russian-language newspaper in Turkmenistan. The daily newspaper serves as the official government gazette of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, publishing government-related affairs such as official decrees and newly promulgated laws of parliament, official statements, presidential addresses, documents of state bodies, short biographies of appointees to and candidates for public office, Presidential decrees, and government announcements. Neytralny Turkmenistan had a circulation of 32,241 as of 2020, making it one of the largest Russian-language newspapers in Turkmenistan.
Batman: Hush (film)
Batman: Hush is a 2019 American animated superhero film featuring the DC Comics superhero Batman and loosely based on the 2002 comic book story arc of the same name. It is the thirteenth installment of the DC Animated Movie Universe and the 38th overall film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. In the film, Batman forms an alliance with Catwoman to defeat a new villain named Hush, who knows all of Batman's secrets and targets key figures in his life.

This is the final posthumous release for longtime DC producer Benjamin Melniker, who died almost a year and a half before its release.

DC Animated Movie Universe
The DC Animated Movie Universe (DCAMU) is  an American media franchise and shared universe of animated films distributed between 2013 and 2024 by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. Based on characters from the DC Universe (DC Comics), the franchise is part of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line.

The main film series are split into two story arcs with different continuities. The first story arc began in 2013 with Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and ended in 2020 with Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, while the second story arc, nicknamed the "Tomorrowverse", began later that year with Superman: Man of Tomorrow and concluded in 2024 with the Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths trilogy.

The franchise comprises 25 films overall, with tie-in media including 5 short films, one web series and two digital comics.
2010 Adelaide Sevens
The 2010 Adelaide Sevens, promoted as the International Rugby Sevens Adelaide 2010, was a rugby sevens tournament that was part of the IRB Sevens World Series in the 2009–10 season. It was the Australian Sevens leg of the series, held between 19 and 21 March at the Adelaide Oval in South Australia.

Samoa picked up their second consecutive Cup win, following on from their victory in the USA Sevens. In a major surprise, their opponent in the final was the United States, who advanced to their first-ever Cup final. Samoa's 38–10 win enabled them to narrow the gap behind series leaders New Zealand to only 2 points.

New Zealand, who were knocked out of the Cup competition by Samoa, gained the consolation prize of the Plate, defeating reigning series champions South Africa in the final. The Bowl was won by England and the Shield by Japan.

Australian Sevens
The Australia Sevens is an international rugby sevens tournament that was first played in 1986. Currently hosted as the Perth Sevens, the event is part of the World Rugby Sevens Series. The tournament was held in Brisbane, in Adelaide, in Gold Coast and in Sydney in previous seasons.
Vitaliy Kyreiko
Vitaliy Dmytrovych Kyreyko (23 December 1926 – 19 October 2016) was a Ukrainian composer.

He graduated from the Kyiv Conservatory with a degree in composition from L. Revutsky (1944-1949), where he also completed his postgraduate studies (1952). His other accomplishments include: 1949-88 - Lecturer, Associate Professor (1961), Professor (1978) of the Kyiv Conservatory, and Candidate of Art History (1953).

Ukrainian National Academy of Music
The Ukrainian National Academy of Music (Ukrainian: Національна музична академія України, romanized: Natsionalna muzychna akademiia Ukrainy), is a national music tertiary academy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Its courses include postgraduate education.

From 1940 until December 2025 the conservatory was named Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music (Ukrainian: Національна музична академія України імені П. Чайковського, romanized: Natsionalna muzychna akademiia Ukrainy imeni P. Chaikovskoho). On 30 December 2025 the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine removed the name of the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky from the name of the institution. Formerly it went by the name Kyiv Conservatory.
Bikaner–Rewari line
The Bikaner–Rewari line or Rewari–Bikaner line is a railway route on the North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation of Bikaner division and Jaipur division of Rajasthan state and Gurugram division of Haryana state.

The corridor passes through the Desert Area of Rajasthan and Haryana with a stretch of 379 km with consists of two branch lines, the First branch line starts from Loharu Junction and Ends at Sikar Junction with a stretch of 122 km, Whereas the second branch line starts from Ratangarh Junction in Reversal mode and ends at Sardar Shahar with a stretch of 52 km.

Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway
The Jodhpur–Bikaner Railway (JBR) was a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge railway, jointly owned and operated by the Jodhpur State and Bikaner State until 1924 when the system was split between the newly formed Jodhpur State Railway and Bikaner State Railway.
Attorney General of India
The Attorney General for India (AG of India) is the chief legal advisor of the Government of India. The Attorney General is appointed by the President of India at the instance of the Union Cabinet under Article 76(1) of the Constitution and hold office during the pleasure of the President. The Attorney General must meet the qualifications necessary for an appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court. Therefore, the Attorney General should have served as a judge in a high court for a minimum of five years, or as an advocate in a high court for at least ten years. Alternatively, the President may consider an individual as eligible for the role if they are deemed an eminent jurist.

R. Venkataramani is the incumbent Attorney General for India. He succeeded to the office as the 16th Attorney General on 1 October 2022. His predecessor was K. K. Venugopal.

United Progressive Alliance
The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.

The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election.
Paradise riflebird
The paradise riflebird (Ptiloris paradiseus) is a passerine bird of the family Paradisaeidae. It is one of four riflebird species in the genus Ptiloris. It is found in subtropical, temperate rainforests in eastern Australia. The species is sexually dimorphic; the male is black with iridescent blue-green patches, while the female is gray-brown and white.

The paradise riflebird is frugivorous and insectivorous. During breeding season, males are promiscuous and perform solitary displays for females, which involves moving rapidly from side to side with the head tilted back, showing off the neck plumage.

Victoria's riflebird
Victoria's riflebird (Ptiloris victoriae), also known as the lesser riflebird, Queen Victoria riflebird, Queen Victoria's riflebird, or Victoria riflebird, is a bird-of-paradise endemic to the Atherton Tableland region of northeastern Queensland, Australia where it resides year-round.
Hind bint Maktoum Al Maktoum
Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum (Arabic: الشيخة هند بنت مكتوم بن جمعة آل مكتوم; born 12 February 1962) is an Emirati royal who is the senior wife and consort of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai. They were married on 26 April 1979. She is the mother of 12 of her husband's thirty children, including his heir apparent, Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum, the Crown Prince of Dubai.

Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum
Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum (1878 – 9 September 1958) (Arabic: سعيد بن مكتوم آل مكتوم) was the longest-serving Ruler of Dubai, from 1912 until his death in 1958. He presided over Dubai during the end of the pearling boom and through the long and difficult recession that followed the collapse of the pearling market, transforming Dubai into an active trading hub which developed new markets and economic opportunities.

Despite continuing a long tradition of liberal, trade-minded rulers, he faced pressure from a number of leading figures in Dubai to reform the governance of the town and was eventually forced to quell what became an active rebellion against his rule.

In later life he ceded many of the responsibilities for driving Dubai's economic growth to his son, Rashid.
Kiznersky District
Kiznersky District (Russian: Кизне́рский райо́н; Udmurt: Кизнер ёрос, Kizner joros) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic. The area of the district is 2,131.1 square kilometers (822.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Kizner. Population: 20,263 (2010 Census); 23,502 (2002 Census); 25,991 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kizner accounts for 47.1% of the district's total population.

State Council of the Udmurt Republic
The State Council of the Udmurt Republic (Russian: Государственный Совет Удмуртской Республики; Udmurt: Удмурт Элькунлэн Кун Кенешез) is the regional parliament of Udmurtia, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 60 deputies are elected for five-year terms.

It succeeded the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Republic in 1994. Initially 100 deputies were elected to the State Council. This number was later reduced to 90, and then to 60.

The presiding officer is the Chairman of the State Council of Udmurtia.
François III de La Rochefoucauld
François III, Count of La Rochefoucauld, prince of Marcillac, count of Roucy and baron of Verteuil (1521 – 24 August 1572) was a French courtier and soldier, serving as gentleman-in-ordinary to the king's chamber. He was a friend of Charles de Téligny and Louise de Coligny, serving as one of the witnesses to their marriage, whilst his humour and intelligence rendered him a favourite of Henry II of France and Charles IX of France. He is also notable as one of the Protestant leaders killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

Louise de Coligny
Louise de Coligny (French pronunciation: [lwiz də kɔliɲi]; 23 September 1555 – 9 November 1620) was a princess consort of Orange as the fourth and last wife of William the Silent. She was the daughter of Gaspard de Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon, and Charlotte de Laval.
Culmenella prashadi
Culmenella prashadi is a small species of freshwater gastropod in the family Planorbidae. It is the type species of the genus Culmenella. It can be found throughout Japan, though is extinct and is considered Critically Endangered in some areas.

Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal.

The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the mantle margin, extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
Dungeness Lifeboat Station
Dungeness Lifeboat Station is located on Dungeness Road, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of the town of Lydd, on the cuspate foreland of Dungeness, on the Kent coast.

A lifeboat was first stationed at Dungeness in 1826, supplied by the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS), and managed by the Dover and District Lifeboat Association.

The station is currently one of 237 Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat stations, and operates the Shannon-class All-weather lifeboat, 13-02 The Morrell (ON 1309), launched using the Shannon Launch and Recovery System (SLARS).

Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
The National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was established on 4 March 1824, becoming the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) on 20 March 1824, when it received royal approval from King George IV. The Institution became the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 5 October 1854.

Ever since its inception in 1824, a number of awards have been established by the Institution, both for gallantry at sea, and for service to the Institution. None are approved by the Crown, and are therefore unofficial awards. As such, they do not appear in the official British order of wear, although the principal lifesaving award, a Medal of the RNLI, can be worn on the right breast in uniform by members of the British armed forces.
Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir
Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir, India, it include security operations such as Operation Rakshak, which began in 1990, Operation Sarp Vinash in 2003 and Operation Randori Behak in 2020. Other operations include humanitarian missions such as Operation Megh Rahat and operations with a social aim such as Operation Goodwill and Operation Calm Down. The Indian Army works in tandem with the other arms of the Indian Armed Forces and security forces in Jammu and Kashmir such as during Mission Sahayata or joint operations.

Garud Commando Force
The Garud Commando Force is a special forces regiment of the Indian Air Force. It was formed on 6 February 2004 and with a plan to have around 2,000 personnel. The unit derives its name from Garuda, a Hindu deity.

Garud forces are tasked with protecting critical Air Force bases and installations, search and rescue, and providing relief during disasters or calamities. In 2004, Garuds were deployed in the Congo as part of the UN peace keeping operations.
Road signs in Serbia
Road signs in Serbia are regulated by the Regulation of Traffic Signs (Serbian Cyrillic: Правилник о саобраћајној сигнализацији, Serbian: Pravilnik o saobraćajnoj signalizaciji), which was most recently modified in 2024.

The road signs follow the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968, and the former Yugoslav standard road signs, used by the successor states of SFR Yugoslavia. Inscriptions are in both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The SNV typeface is used on Serbian road signs. They are also used in Kosovo, although some of these signs were superseded by the Albanian road sign system, itself a copy of the Italian road sign system.

Road signs in Italy
Road signs in Italy conform to the general pattern of those used in most other European countries. They are regulated by the Codice della Strada (Road Code) and by the Regolamento di Attuazione del Codice della Strada (Rules for the Implementation of the Road Code) in conformity with the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.

Italy signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on November 8, 1968 and ratified it on February 7, 1997.

The modern traffic signs in Italy were first designed by Michele Arcangelo Iocca in 1959.
Margaret Utinsky
Margaret Elizabeth Doolin "Peggy" Utinsky (August 26, 1900 – August 30, 1970) was an American nurse who worked with the Filipino resistance movement to provide medicine, food, and other items to aid Allied prisoners of war in the Philippines during World War II. She was recognized in 1946 with the Medal of Freedom for her actions.

Most information about her World War II activities comes from her autobiography, Miss U.

Medal of Freedom (1945)
The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honor civilians whose actions aided in the war efforts of the United States and its allies during and beyond World War II. It was intended to be awarded by the secretary of state, the secretary of war, or the secretary of the Navy, but presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy also authorized awards. The first woman and American citizen to receive it was Anna M. Rosenberg by Robert P. Patterson on the recommendation of Eisenhower.
Kaskawulsh Mountain
Kaskawulsh Mountain is a 2,969-metre (9,741 ft) mountain summit of the Saint Elias Mountains in Kluane National Park of Yukon, Canada. Surrounded by ice on all sides, the mountain is situated in the notch where the main arm of the Kaskawulsh Glacier merges with its south arm. The Stairway Glacier lies to the west, and the Atrypa Glacier to the south. The mountain cannot be seen from any roads, but can be seen by plane, or by hiking to the summit of Observation Mountain which is located at the head of the Slims River valley. The nearest higher peak is GJ43, 3.8 km (2.4 mi) to the west.

Saint Elias Mountains
The Saint Elias Mountains (French: Chaîne Saint-Élie) are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges, located in southeastern Alaska in the United States, southwestern Yukon and the very far northwestern part of British Columbia in Canada. The range spans Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the United States and Kluane National Park and Reserve in Canada and includes all of Glacier Bay National Park in Alaska. In Alaska, the range includes parts of the city/borough of Yakutat and the Hoonah-Angoon, Copper River and Chugach census areas.

This mountain range is named after Mount Saint Elias, which in turn was named in 1741 by the Danish-born Russian explorer Vitus Bering.