hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Java 3D
Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface (API) for the Java platform. It runs on top of either OpenGL or Direct3D until version 1.6.0, which runs on top of Java OpenGL (JOGL). Since version 1.2, Java 3D has been developed under the Java Community Process. A Java 3D scene graph is a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

Compared to other solutions, Java 3D is not only a wrapper around these graphics APIs, but an interface that encapsulates the graphics programming using a true object-oriented approach. Here a scene is constructed using a scene graph that is a representation of the objects that have to be shown. This scene graph is structured as a tree containing several elements that are necessary to display the objects. Additionally, Java 3D offers extensive spatialized sound support.

Java 3D and its documentation are available for download separately. They are not part of the Java Development Kit (JDK).

Retained mode
Retained mode in computer graphics is a major pattern of API design in graphics libraries, in which

the graphics library, instead of the client, retains the scene (complete object model of the rendering primitives) to be rendered and

the client calls into the graphics library do not directly cause actual rendering, but make use of extensive indirection to resources, managed –  thus retained –  by the graphics library. It does not preclude the use of double-buffering.

Immediate mode is an alternative approach. Historically, retained mode has been the dominant style in GUI libraries; however, both can coexist in the same library and are not necessarily exclusionary in practice.
Khairpur Division
Khairpur Division was an administrative division in the West wing of Pakistan which existed from 1955 to 1975. It was established in 1955 after the merge of the Khairpur State into Pakistan. In 1970, after the dissolution of one unit scheme, it became a part of the Sind province. In 1971 it was renamed the Sukkur Division.

Larkana District
Larkana District (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ضلعو; Urdu: ضلع لاڑکانہ) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Its largest city is Larkana, which sits on the banks of the Indus River.

Other towns in the district include Ratodero, Dokri, Bakrani, and Naodero.  In 2005, the Government of Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf bifurcated the district, forming a new district called Qamber and Shahdadkot, with the two towns of Qambar Khan and Shahdadkot.
3D city model
A 3D city model is digital model of urban areas that represent terrain surfaces, sites, buildings, vegetation, infrastructure and landscape elements in three-dimensional scale as well as related objects (e.g., city furniture) belonging to urban areas. Their components are described and represented by corresponding two- and three-dimensional spatial data and geo-referenced data. 3D city models support presentation, exploration, analysis, and management tasks in a large number of different application domains. In particular, 3D city models allow "for visually integrating heterogeneous geoinformation within a single framework and, therefore, create and manage complex urban information spaces."

3D modeling
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
The Family of Chimps
The Family of Chimps (Dutch: Chimps onder elkaar) is a 1984 Dutch documentary film directed by Bert Haanstra. The film is a study of the behaviour of a family of chimpanzees in Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem in the Netherlands. The documentary was inspired by the 1982 book 
Chimpansee politiek (Chimpanzee politics) by primatologist and ethologist Frans de Waal.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Laura Fitinghoff
Laura Mathilde Fitinghoff (born Laura Mathilda Bernhardina Runsten; 14 March 1848 – 17 August 1908) was a Swedish writer, after she was estranged from her husband. She was known for her children's books; particularly Children from Frostmofjället, which became a 1945 film.

Swedish famine of 1867–1869
The Famine of 1867–1869 was the last famine in Sweden, and, together with the Finnish famine of 1866–1868, the last major famine in Northern Europe.

In Sweden, the year 1867 was known as Storsvagåret ('The Year of Great Weakness') and, in Tornedalen, as Lavåret ('The Lichen Year') because of the bark bread made of lichen. Although brought about by poor harvests, the famine was worsened by work requirements to receive aid and the continuation of cereal exports to Great Britain. It contributed to the great rush of Swedish emigration to the United States.
Dappankuthu
Dappankuthu (or simply Kuthu; /dəpɑːŋkuθu/) is a folk dance and music genre, that is typically danced to the Gaana music genre or Kuthu Beats with an emphasis on percussion performed in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of several popular genres employed in film music, mainly in Tamil cinema and other South films, filmed and produced by people of Tamil culture. 
Unlike classical Indian dances such as bharatanatyam or kathakali, dappankuthu is relatively informal in that it has no structured, repeated steps and dancers do not learn through formal dance classes. It shares its emphasis on percussion with older folk dances of Tamil Nadu, such as kummi and kolattam.

Kummi
Kummi is a folk dance, popular in Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, danced mostly by South Indian women  in circle. Dancing may be different. In some places, it is very simple, with rhythmic clapping or beating of the drums. In other places dancers imitate various harvesting activities. Kummi often accompany by songs, called "Kummi songs". It is often danced during festivals. It is also danced by Tamils of Sri Lanka. Kummi songs became a popular addition to kuthiyottam festivities in modern times.

The word "kummi" originated from the Tamil "kommai" (lit."circle"), referring to a dance with hand-clapping, at a time before instruments were invented.

One village woman starts a popular song while others join in with singing and clapping to keep note of time. Songs are performed by the women dancing in circles. Men, when they join form the outer circle.
Junee Shire
The Junee Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire comprises an area of 2,030 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and is located adjacent to the Olympic Highway and the Main South railway line. It was formed on 1 January 1981 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Junee and Illabo Shire resulting from the Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980.

The Shire includes the town of Junee and the small towns of Bethungra, Illabo, Wantabadgery, Harefield, Old Junee, Junee Reefs, Dirnaseer and Eurongilly.

The mayor of Junee Shire is Cr. Neil Smith, an independent politician.

Eurongilly, New South Wales
Eurongilly is a locality in the central part of the Riverina and situated about 19 kilometres north west of Nangus and 21 kilometres south east of Junee.

Clarendon Post Office was opened on 1 January 1866, and was renamed Eurongilly in 1886. It was then closed in 1926.

Eurongilly is a typical example of the country town acceptance of the call to arms requests that occurred during the history of Australia. Despite its tiny stature, (there are no buildings in Eurongilly other than the Hall (see image) and the Bush Fire Brigade shed) the area proudly remembers those that served on the commemorative gate posts of the RJ Cooper (DFC) park, which was provided by Cooper's parents after he was killed in action over Derna, Libya in 1941, whilst enlisted in the RAF during World War II. The gate posts show that a total of 34 locals served (probably more than 10% of the total village population) during that conflict. Another four of the Eurongilly population served during the Vietnam War.
Artamonov (crater)
Artamonov is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. Its eroded outer rim does not have the circular shape of most lunar craters, but the overall shape of three or four merged craters. The largest is in the south, with smaller circular bulges to the north and east.

The crater's interior floor has been resurfaced by subsequent flows of basaltic lava, leaving a relatively flat, featureless floor that appears darker due to lower albedo. It is faintly marked by lighter-hued ejecta from the crater Giordano Bruno to the north.

A linear formation of craters designated Catena Artamonov is alongside its northeast rim, following a course to the southeast. Nearby craters of note include Maxwell and Lomonosov to the northwest, and Edison to the west. To the east-northeast is the smaller crater Espin, while the small Malyy formation is to the south-southeast.

Artamov's name was approved by the IAU in 1970.

Ewen Whitaker
Ewen Adair Whitaker (22 June 1922 – 11 October 2016) was a British-born astronomer known for his work in selenography and lunar cartography. Together with Gerard Kuiper, Whitaker founded the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona. He co-authored multiple moon atlases, and helped NASA to select a landing site for Apollo 12 and several Surveyor and Ranger missions.
Comparison of top chess players throughout history
Several methods have been suggested for comparing the greatest chess players in history. There is agreement on a statistical system to rate the strengths of current players, called the Elo system, but disagreement about methods used to compare players from different generations who never competed against each other. This is because the Elo system can only compare players success-rate to their contemporaries.

Vasily Smyslov
Vasily Vasilyevich Smyslov (Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Смысло́в, romanized: Vasíliy Vasíl'yevich Smyslóv; 24 March 1921 – 27 March 2010) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster who was the seventh World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958. He was a Candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1948, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1959, 1965, 1983, and 1985). Smyslov twice tied for first place at the USSR Chess Championships (1949, 1955), and his total of 17 Chess Olympiad medals won is an all-time record. In five European Team Championships, Smyslov won ten gold medals.

Smyslov remained active and successful in competitive chess well over the age of sixty. Despite his failing eyesight, he remained active in the occasional composition of chess problems and studies until shortly before his death in 2010. Besides chess, he was an accomplished baritone singer.
USS Toledo (CA-133)
USS Toledo (CA-133) was a Baltimore-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy active during the Korean War.

Toledo was laid down on 13 September 1943 at Camden, New Jersey, by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, launched on 6 May 1945, sponsored by Mrs Edward J. Moan, and commissioned at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 27 October 1946, Captain August J. Detzer, Jr., in command.

Pohang
Pohang (Korean: 포항; Korean pronunciation: [pʰo.ɦaŋ]), formerly spelled Po-Hang, is the largest city in  North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, with a population of 499,363 as of 2022, bordering the East Sea to the east, Yeongcheon to the west, Gyeongju to the south, and Cheongsong and Yeongdeok County to the north.

The city has food, textile, and metal industries. Agricultural products such as grapes, persimmons and garlic chives are abundant, and the city's proximity to the East Sea has led to the development of a fishing industry. Hagfish is a local specialty.

The South Korean Marine Corps 1st Division is stationed in Pohang, and their Education and Training Command is located there as well.

Tourist attractions include the Jukdo Fish Market, where fresh seafood is sold, as well as the Yeongildae Beach, Wolpo Beach, and Pohang Songdo Beach. Naejangsan Mountain divides Pohang and Yeongdeok and has twelve waterfalls.
Winchester–East Meon Anticline
The Winchester-East Meon Anticline is one of a series of parallel east–west trending 
folds in the Cretaceous chalk of Hampshire. It lies at the western end of the South Downs, immediately to the north of the Hampshire Basin and south-east of Salisbury Plain.

Hampshire Basin
The Hampshire Basin is a geological basin of Palaeogene age in southern England, underlying parts of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Dorset, and Sussex. Like the London Basin to the northeast, it is filled with sands and clays of Paleocene and younger ages and it is surrounded by a broken rim of chalk hills of Cretaceous age.
Trumpf
TRUMPF SE + Co. KG is a German family-owned company based in Ditzingen near Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. It originates from Julius Geiger's mechanical workshop. The Trumpf and Leibinger families transformed the medium-sized company into a globally recognized industrial group. Today, the company is one of the world’s largest suppliers of machine tools and a leader in laser technology. Trumpf is one of the most well-known representatives of the German 'Mittelstand'.

Carbon-dioxide laser
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available. They are also quite efficient: the ratio of output power to pump power can be as large as 20%.
The CO2 laser produces a beam of infrared light with the principal wavelength bands centering on 9.6 and 10.6 micrometers (μm).
Pingalla
Pingalla is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae. These fish are native to northern Australia, but one species is also known from New Guinea.

Species include:

Pingalla gilberti (Whitley, 1955) - Gilbert's grunter

Pingalla lorentzi (Weber, 1910) - Lorentz's grunter

Pingalla midgleyi (Allen & Merrick, 1984) - black-blotch grunter

Midgley's grunter
Pingalla midgleyi is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Terapontidae known by the common names black-blotch grunter and Midgley's grunter. It is endemic to the Northern Territory of Australia, where it occurs in the Alligator, Katherine, and Daly River systems. It is a resident of Kakadu National Park.
Philippine Department Air Force (United States)
The Philippine Department Air Force was a military formation of the United States Army Air Forces.

The command was officially established on 6 May 1941 as the Philippine Department Air Force at Nichols Field, Luzon, Philippines.

3rd Flying Training Squadron
The 3rd Flying Training Squadron is part of the 71st Operations Group under the 71st Flying Training Wing. It operates the T-1A Jayhawk aircraft conducting advanced phase tanker/transport flight training.

The 3rd FTS is the third-oldest squadron in the Air Force, with over 95 years of service to the nation, its origins date to the organization of the 3rd Aero Squadron on 1 November 1916 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.  Deployed to the Philippines after World War I, during the 1941-1942 Battle of the Philippines, it was wiped out, with some of its personnel being forced by the Japanese to endure the Bataan Death March. It was not re-activated until 1973.
Jerry's Nugget playing cards
In 1970, the Jerry's Nugget Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada printed a special deck of playing cards that was not used in their casino, but was sold in their gift shop for fifty cents each. These decks have become highly desired by collectors due to their unique handling qualities, and more than fifty years later they now fetch upwards of $500 per deck on the second-hand market.

The signature design of the card backs shows an image of the oil derrick sign from the parking lot of the casino, set against a solid blue or red background.  This sign also appears on the deck's joker.

Joker (playing card)
The Joker is a playing card found in most modern French-suited card decks, as an addition to the standard four suits (Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades). Since the second half of the 20th century, they have also been found in Spanish- and Italian-suited decks, excluding stripped decks.

The Joker originated in the United States during the Civil War, and was created as a trump card for the game of Euchre. It has since been adopted into many other card games, where it often acts as a wild card, but may have other functions such as the top trump, a skip card (forcing another player to miss a turn), the lowest-ranking card, the highest-value card, or a card of a different value from the rest of the pack (see e.g. Zwicker which has six Jokers with this function).

By contrast, a wild card is any card that may be used to represent another card or cards – it does not need to be a Joker.
Eagle (1982 comic)
Eagle, sometimes referred to as The New Eagle and known at various points in its life as Eagle and Scream!, Eagle and Tiger, Eagle and Battle, Eagle and M.A.S.K. and Eagle and Wildcat, was a British boys' adventure comic published by IPC Magazines from 27 March 1982 to January 1994. A revival of the famous Eagle, the title was initially a weekly publication until turning into a monthly in May 1991. The title was finally cancelled in January 1994, after 505 issues.

Like the original Eagle, the comic's lead feature was Dan Dare; other long-running stories included "Doomlord" and "Computer Warrior". While the comic was successful on its own terms as the British comic market contracted heavily in the 1980s and 1990s, it never matched the commercial or critical success of its illustrious predecessor.

Battle Picture Weekly
Battle Picture Weekly (at various times also known as Battle and Valiant, Battle Action, Battle Action Force, Battle and Battle with Storm Force) was a British weekly boys' war comic published by IPC Magazines from 8 March 1975 to 23 January 1988, when it merged with the new incarnation of Eagle after 644 issues. Most stories were set in World War II, with some based on other conflicts, while factual features also focused on warfare.

Devised by Pat Mills and John Wagner in response to rival DC Thomson's similarly themed Warlord, the title was an instant success. Many of the stories printed in the comic have since received critical acclaim and been published in collected editions, notably "Charley's War". Since 2016 Rebellion Developments have owned the majority of Battle Picture Weekly's characters and material, and have published revival publications.
The Yard (Howard University)
The Yard is one of the main quadrangles on the campus of Howard University in Northwest Washington, DC. The Yard is the principal open space at the northern end of the academic portion of the campus, flanked by nine academic buildings. It is the site of a variety of campus gatherings, most notably for its annual Homecoming festivities, known as "Yardfest". The quadrangle and three buildings, Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall, and Founders Library, are a listed National Historic Landmark, important for their role in the advancement of civil rights in education during the 20th century.

Founders Library
The Founders Library is an academic library at Howard University in Washington, D.C. The building, named The Founders Library in honor of the 17 men who founded Howard University, serves as a symbol of the university. Designed by architect Albert Irvin Cassell, construction began in 1937 during the presidency of Mordecai Wyatt Johnson. The second library built for the university, the cornerstone was laid on June 10, 1937, and the building was opened for service on January 3, 1939. The library houses over 1 million volumes, the Channing Pollock Theater Collection, and is the home to the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.
Van Zant (duo)
Van Zant is an American musical duo composed of brothers Donnie Van Zant and Johnny Van Zant. Both are brothers of Ronnie Van Zant, the original lead singer for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. Johnny became the lead vocalist for the reunited Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1987. Donnie was the leader and vocalist of .38 Special.

Initially a Southern rock band, Van Zant first recorded in the 1980s on Network /Geffen Records before disbanding. Johnny and Donnie re-established Van Zant in 1998 to record two albums for CMC International, switching their focus to country music in 2005, with two more albums on Columbia Records as a duo. The duo's first Columbia album, Get Right with the Man, produced a top ten country hit in "Help Somebody".

38 Special (band)
38 Special, often stylized as .38 Special or spelled out as Thirty-eight Special, is an American rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1974 by singer-guitarists Donald Newton "Donnie" Van Zant (born June 11, 1952) and Richard Donald "Don" Barnes (born December 3, 1952).

They are known for their hit songs including "Hold On Loosely" and "Caught Up in You" among various other top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 during the 1980s and early 1990s. The other songs include "Fantasy Girl", "Rockin' into the Night", "You Keep Runnin' Away", "If I'd Been the One", "Back Where You Belong", "Teacher, Teacher", "Like No Other Night", "Second Chance", and "The Sound of Your Voice".
Bowers and McDonald Office Building
The Bowers and McDonald Office Building is a historic structure located in Grinnell, Iowa, United States.  J.B. Bowers and M.W. McDonald had the building built as a speculative real-estate venture.

Located in the city's central business district, it was one of the buildings constructed after a fire leveled a portion of the district in 1889.

Its construction is attributed to R.G. Coutts, a native of Scotland who settled in Grinnell in 1873. He was a stone cutter, mason, building contractor, and real-estate developer.

The two-story, brick structure has a main facade of stone veneer, and features Richardsonian Romanesque styling.   It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Grinnell, Iowa
Grinnell (/ɡrɪˈnɛl/ grin-EL) is a city in Poweshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 9,564 at the time of the 2020 census. It is best known for being the home of Grinnell College, a liberal arts college.