hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Netherlands at the 2026 Winter Olympics
The Netherlands competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 6 to 22 February 2026.

Jorrit Bergsma's gold medal on the penultimate day of the games ensured that these are the Netherlands' most successful Winter Olympics ever. They have won ten gold medals, surpassing their previous best total of eight achieved in 2014, 2018 and 2022. Meanwhile, Jorrit Bergsma and Xandra Velzeboer were the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

Netherlands at the 2018 Winter Olympics
The Netherlands competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, between 9 and 25 February 2018. Speed skater Jan Smeekens was appointed as flag bearer for the opening ceremony, which was attended by  King Willem Alexander, Queen Máxima and Prime Minister Mark Rutte, who also observed the sporting events that featured Dutch competitors.

The goal for the Dutch team was to win fifteen medals, as declared by Chef de mission Jeroen Bijl; they exceeded this goal by five medals, with a total of twenty, which placed the Netherlands fifth in the medal table. Most notably, the Dutch team dominated the individual speed skating events, winning seven of the ten gold medals awarded; they also won four medals in short track speed skating including their first ever gold medal in this discipline, won by Suzanne Schulting.
Patriarch Joasaphus II of Moscow
Joasaph II (Russian: Иоасаф II (Новоторжец), Joasaph of Novy Torg) was Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' from 1667 until his death five years and one day later in 1672.

Joasaph was archimandrite of the Rozhdestvenskii (Nativity) Monastery in Vladimir from 1654 to April 25, 1656, when he was named archimandrite of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra.  In 1666, he was a member of the court that tried Patriarch Nikon and deposed him, although it also approved his reforms that had led to the Old Believer Schism.

On February 10, 1667, Joasaph was elected patriarch.  He died February 11, 1672, and is buried in the Dormition Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin.

Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' (Russian: Патриарх Московский и всея Руси, romanized: Patriarkh Moskovskiy i vseya Rusi), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the title of the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). It is often preceded by the honorific "His Holiness". As the ordinary of the diocese of Moscow, the office holder's direct canonical remit extends only to Moscow; however, as the patriarch, the office holder has a number of church-wide administrative powers as laid down by the charter of the ROC.

The patriarchate was established in 1589 when the status of the Russian metropolitan was elevated, with Job becoming the first patriarch. The patriarchate was abolished in 1721 by Peter the Great and replaced with the Most Holy Synod as the supreme governing body of the ROC, before being restored on 10 November [O.S. 28 October] 1917, by decision of the All-Russian Local Council. The current patriarch is Kirill, who acceded to the position in 2009.
Cipher device
A cipher device was a term used by the US military in the first half of the 20th century to describe a manually operated cipher equipment that converted the plaintext into ciphertext or vice versa. A similar term, cipher machine, was used to describe the cipher equipment that required external power for operation. Cipher box or crypto box is a physical cryptographic device used to encrypt and decrypt messages between plaintext (unencrypted) and ciphertext (encrypted or secret) forms. The ciphertext is suitable for transmission over a channel, such as radio, that might be observed by an adversary the communicating parties wish to conceal the plaintext from.

Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.
Hincaster
Hincaster is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Unitary Authority of Westmorland and Furness Cumbria, England, located between Kendal and Milnthorpe. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 195, increasing at the 2011 census to 209.

"Caster" often suggests a Roman origin (from the Old English cæster and Latin castrum for "fort"), but no Roman remains are known at Hincaster.
Hincaster is most famous for the 19th century Hincaster Tunnel (currently dewatered) which is the longest tunnel on the Lancaster Canal.

Milnthorpe
Milnthorpe is a village, civil parish, and former market town in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It is 7 miles (11 km) south of Kendal. Historically in the county of Westmorland and on the A6, the village contains several old hostelries and hosts a market every Friday. The parish, which includes the village of Ackenthwaite, had a population of 2,199 according to the 2011 Census.
Cobi Jones
Cobi N'Gai Jones (born June 16, 1970) is an American former professional soccer player and commentator. He is an analyst for MLS Season Pass on Apple TV. He has also been seen on Time Warner Cable SportsNet, Fox Sports, BeIN Sports, the Pac-12 Network, and as the host of the Totally Football Show: American Edition. In addition, during the 1990s, he hosted the health show Mega-Dose on MTV.

As a player, Jones was a midfielder from 1994 until 2007, starting his career in England with Premier League club Coventry City, before playing for Brazilian side Vasco da Gama. He is one of a significant group of United States national team stars who returned from overseas to aid the then new Major League Soccer in 1996, beginning an 11-year spell with the LA Galaxy. Jones is the all-time leader in caps for the United States national team and a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Following retirement, Jones served as an assistant coach with the LA Galaxy for two seasons.

Western Conference (MLS)
The Western Conference is one of the two Major League Soccer conferences, along with the Eastern Conference. The division of the conferences broadly follows the path of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, with clubs on, or west of the river in the Western Conference.

As of 2025, the Western Conference contains 15 teams. The conference has produced 11 Supporters' Shield champions and 18 MLS Cup winners in Major League Soccer's first 29 seasons. In 2000 and 2001, the conference was referred to as the Western Division when Major League Soccer briefly reorganized into three divisions.
JD Sports
JD Sports Fashion plc, commonly known as JD Sports, JD or JD Group is a British multinational sports-fashion retail company based in Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The Pentland Group owns 55% of the company.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Plymouth Center, Massachusetts
Plymouth is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Plymouth in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. It is often referred to as Downtown Plymouth or Plymouth Center. The population was 7,667 at the 2020 census.

Plymouth Center is considered to be the most prominent neighborhood of Plymouth. It is the location of Plymouth's town hall and of the town harbor. In addition, Plymouth Center is home to Plymouth Rock, the Pilgrim Hall Museum, and the Mayflower II.

The geographical locations of North, South, and West Plymouth are named in relation to Plymouth Center.

The post office located at the intersection of Main Street Extension and Leyden Street was the main post office in Plymouth until sometime in the 1970s, when the current main post office located in South Pond was built. The ZIP code for Plymouth Center (officially simply "Plymouth, MA") is 02361. Non-post office box holders in Plymouth Center use the zip code of 02360.

Leyden Street
Leyden Street is a street in Plymouth, Massachusetts that was created in 1620 by the Pilgrims, and claims to be the oldest continuously inhabited street in the Thirteen Colonies of British America. It was originally named First Street; afterward in the Records it was called Great and Broad Street. It was named Leyden Street in 1823, but it is also known as Leiden Street or The Street.
Umar ibn Hubayra
Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari (Arabic: عمر بن هبيرة الفزاري, romanized: ʿUmar ibn Hubayra al-Fazārī; fl. 696–724/726) was a prominent Umayyad general and governor of Iraq, who played an important role in the Qays–Yaman conflict of this period.

Hugh N. Kennedy
Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic. He specialises in the history of the early Islamic Middle East, Muslim Iberia and the Crusades. From 1997 to 2007, he was Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St Andrews. Since 2007, he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London.
Diflufenican
Diflufenican (sometimes called DFF) is a herbicide used to control weeds including wild radish and wild turnip weeds or suppress capeweed, crassula, marshmallow or shepherd's purse, in clover pasture, lupins, lentils or field peas.

Bromoxynil
Bromoxynil is an organic compound with the formula HOBr2C6H2CN.  It is classified as a nitrile herbicide, and as such sold under many trade names.  It is a white solid.  It works by inhibiting photosynthesis. It is moderately toxic to mammals.

It is used in Australia, New Zealand, and the USA, which used 614,000 lbs of it in 1974.
Elmer T. Cunningham
Elmer Tiling Cunningham (September 1, 1889 – June 14, 1965) was an American entrepreneur and businessman, specializing in vacuum tubes and radio manufacturing. He is best known for being the most successful business person to produce counterfeit (AKA bootleg) or unlicensed vacuum tubes (1915-1920). Cunningham was in direct violation by infringing on the Fleming and De Forest vacuum tube patents. Unlike other businesses making unlicensed or bootlegged vacuum tubes, Cunningham was very aggressive in his advertising. Manufacturers of counterfeit vacuum tubes generally ended their activities after a lawsuit has been filed but Cunningham came out ahead after various lawsuits brought against him and his company, the Audio Tron Sales Company. His successes encouraged many others to do the same thing.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
1999 Copenhagen Open – Singles
The 1999 Croatian Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Copenhagen, Denmark, that was part of the International Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the twelfth edition of the tournament and was held from 2 February until 9 February 1998.

1999 ATP Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the ATP. The 1999 ATP Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Super 9, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 1999 calendar are the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup, which do not distribute ranking points, and are both organised by the ITF.

In April 1999 ATP signed a $1.2 billion 10-year-deal with the sports marketing agency ISL Worldwide to promote the sport. The deal gave ISL the commercial rights for the Super-9 tournaments as well as the ATP World Championship. The ATP also introduced a simplified ranking system and made participation in the Super-9 events mandatory for top players.
Grizzly Creek Fire
The Grizzly Creek Fire (also called the 120 Fire) was a wildfire that burned 32,631 acres (13,205 ha) in Glenwood Canyon in the state of Colorado in the United States. The fire first ignited on August 10, 2020 and was declared 100% contained on December 18, 2020. The Grizzly Creek fire's proximity to Interstate 70 resulted in a 13-day closure of the interstate. It threatened the Shoshone Generating Station and resulted in the evacuation of residences in the area, as well as closure of recreational land in portions of White River National Forest. The fire was ruled to be human-caused.

Glenwood Springs, Colorado
Glenwood Springs is a home rule municipality in and the county seat of Garfield County, Colorado, United States. According to the 2020 United States census, the city has a population of 9,963. It is located at the confluence of the Roaring Fork River and the Colorado River, connecting the Roaring Fork Valley and a series of smaller towns on the Colorado River.

Glenwood Springs is known for its hot springs.
Michael Krassner
Michael Krassner (born 1971) is an American musician and composer, known for his work in the Boxhead Ensemble and The Lofty Pillars. He has collaborated with numerous musical artists, including Califone, Dirty Three, Gastr del Sol, Fred Lonberg-Holm, Will Oldham, Scott Tuma and Ken Vandermark.

Scott Tuma
Scott Tuma is a musician from Chicago who is best known for his live performances and also for having played guitar in the pioneering alt-country band Souled American. Since his departure from Souled American in the late 1990s Tuma has released numerous solo albums, performed and recorded with Chicago's Boxhead Ensemble, and collaborated with members of the band Zelienople in a project dubbed Good Stuff House.
Discrete-time beamforming
Beamforming is a signal processing technique used to spatially select propagating waves (most notably acoustic and electromagnetic waves). In order to implement beamforming on digital hardware the received signals need to be discretized. This introduces quantization error, perturbing the array pattern. For this reason, the sample rate must be generally much greater than the Nyquist rate.

Quantization (signal processing)
In mathematics and digital signal processing, quantization is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements.  Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes.  Quantization is involved to some degree in nearly all digital signal processing, as the process of representing a signal in digital form ordinarily involves rounding.  Quantization also forms the core of essentially all lossy compression algorithms.

The difference between an input value and its quantized value (such as round-off error) is referred to as quantization error, noise or distortion.  A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer.  An analog-to-digital converter is an example of a quantizer.
Christian views on slavery
Christian views on slavery are varied regionally, historically and spiritually. Slavery in various forms has been a part of the social environment for much of Christianity's history, spanning well over eighteen centuries. Saint Augustine described slavery as being against God's intention and resulting from sin. The earliest elaboration of abolition that survives from antiquity is Gregory of Nyssa's sermon on owning slaves and pride (380 AD), anticipating the moral groundwork of the abolitionist movement by nearly 1,500 years. In the eighteenth century the abolition movement took shape among Christians across the globe.

In the eighteenth and nineteenth century debates concerning abolition, passages in the Bible were used by both pro-slavery advocates and abolitionists to support their respective views.

In modern times, various Christian organizations reject the permissibility of slavery.

Slave Trade Act 1807
The Slave Trade Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. 36), or the Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire.  Although it did not automatically emancipate those enslaved at the time, it encouraged British action to press other nation states to abolish their own slave trades. It took effect on 1 May 1807, after 18 years of trying to pass an abolition bill.

Many of the supporters thought the act would lead to the end of slavery. Slavery on English soil was unsupported in English law and that position was confirmed in Somerset's case in 1772, but it remained legal in most of the British Empire until the passing of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73).

However it was not until 1937 that the trade of slaves was made illegal throughout the British Empire, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
Jagarana
Jagarana (Sanskrit: जागरण, romanized: Jāgaraṇa), also rendered Jagran, Jagarata (Sanskrit: जगराता, romanized: Jagarātā), and Jaga is a Hindu ritual, practised across India. It comprises the performance of all-night vigils, as well as puja, songs, and dances for the veneration of a deity. A jagarana is generally performed for the veneration of Hindu goddesses, major deities such as Shiva and Krishna, as well as various folk deities like Khandoba and Devnarayan. Devotees worship the deity throughout the night by singing bhajans, performing arati, and listening to legends of the deity.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Sohrab Goth Town
Sohrab Goth Town (Urdu: سہراب گوٹھ) is a suburban area in the Malir district of Karachi, Pakistan, that previously was a part of Gadap Town until 2011. It acts as an entry point to Karachi from the rest of Pakistan. A bridge over the Lyari River connects other areas of Karachi to Sohrab Goth. The construction of the bridge started in 2000 and was completed in 2006.

Gadap Town
Gadap Town (Urdu: گڈاپ ٹاؤن ) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) and a constituent Town of Malir District in the northwestern part of Karachi with the Hub River on its western limits also forming the provincial border between Sindh and Balochistan, while to the north and east are Jamshoro District and the Kirthar Mountains.
Chloropeta
Chloropeta was a genus of Acrocephalidae warblers; formerly, they were placed in the paraphyletic "Old World warblers".  Now the papyrus yellow warbler is placed in its monotypic genus Calamonastides, with the others placed in the genus Iduna.

It contained the following species:

Papyrus yellow warbler (Chloropeta gracilirostris)

African yellow warbler (Chloropeta natalensis)

Mountain yellow warbler (Chloropeta similis)

Acrocephalidae
The Acrocephalidae (the reed warblers, marsh- and tree-warblers, or acrocephalid warblers) are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea.

The species in this family are usually rather large "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
Jashak salt dome
The Jashak salt dome (Persian: گنبد نمکی جاشک ( دشتی)), in Persian: Kuh-e-Namak (Persian: کوه نمک means mountain of salt), also known as the Dashti salt dome, lies in the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran. The salt dome is  Dashti County   in Bushehr Province and lies near the Gankhak-e Raisi in Kaki (15k) and Dashti County. A salt dome is a natural deposit of salt, formed through evaporation

The Jashak dome is considered one of the most beautiful of Iran's salt domes, which are included in the tentative list of world heritage sites of Iran.

Salt dome
A salt dome is a type of structural dome formed when salt (or other evaporite minerals) intrudes into overlying rocks in a process known as diapirism. Salt domes can have unique surface and subsurface structures, and they can be discovered using techniques such as seismic reflection. They are important in petroleum geology as they can function as petroleum traps.
Angus Cameron (director)
Angus Cameron (born 1966) is a BAFTA Scotland nominated director.

Cameron's first documentary, Ibiza - A Short Film About Chilling, is a 'classic' record of the Ibiza club scene in 1990.

He is best known for his association with Creation Records during the 1990s, where he made music videos for Ride, My Bloody Valentine, Cathedral, Primal Scream and others. Several of his videos are known for having a distinctive psychedelic visual style.

Cameron was also given a credit for photography on Loveless, which later featured a Supreme release in 2020 and created short films to accompany My Bloody Valentine's concerts, beginning with the Rollercoaster Tour. Of working with the band, he said: "I had my best and most creative working relationship with My Bloody Valentine."

Since the early 1990s he has directed several television series and documentaries, most notably Naked Ambition and Hollywood Confidential.

Today Forever
Today Forever is an EP by British rock band Ride, released in March 1991.
The EP debuted at No.14 and No.1 on the Indie Chart in the UK.

The first three songs also appeared in the US on the "Vapour Trail" CD-single. All four songs from the EP were added to the Nowhere album as bonus tracks on its re-release in 2001, 20th anniversary reissue in 2011, and 25th anniversary reissue in 2015.

In November 2022, all four songs were made available on ‘4EPs’, a compilation of Ride’s first four EPs made available together for the first time and packaged as one gatefold album on white vinyl and in CD format.
Ram Niwas Goel
Ram Niwas Goel (born 5 January 1948) is an Indian politician who served as Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from 2015 to 2025. He represented the Shahdara constituency in Delhi Legislative Assembly.

6th Delhi Assembly
The Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi was constituted on 14 February 2015 after the 2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections were concluded earlier that month. Second Kejriwal ministry was the cabinet during the term of 6th Delhi Assembly.
Berryite
Berryite is a mineral with the formula Pb3(Ag,Cu)5Bi7S16. It occurs as gray to blue-gray monoclinic prisms. It is opaque and has a metallic luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 6.7.

It was first identified in 1965 using X-ray diffraction by mineralogist Leonard G. Berry (1914–1982). It is found in Park and San Juan counties in Colorado. It occurs in sulfide bearing quartz veins in Colorado and with siderite-rich cryolite in Ivigtut, Greenland.

Cryolite
Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is a rare mineral identified with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on the southwest coast of Greenland, mined commercially until 1987.

It is used in the reduction ("smelting") of aluminium, in pest control, and as a dye.