hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DiscoVision
DiscoVision is the name of several things related to the video LaserDisc format.

It was the original name of the "Reflective Optical Videodisc System" format later known as "LaserVision" or LaserDisc.

Patent holding company
A patent holding company (PHC) exists to hold patents on behalf of one or more other companies but does not necessarily manufacture products or supply services based upon the patents held.

Patent holding companies may exist for tax reasons.  Patent holding companies may also operate patent pools in order to provide a single source for licensing a patented technology. However, patent holding companies that aggressively seek to enforce patent rights through litigation or threats of litigation are referred to as patent assertion entities (PAEs) or, more pejoratively, patent trolls.
Jordanhill
Jordanhill (Scots: Jordanhull, Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc Iòrdain) is an affluent area of the West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The area consists largely of terraced housing dating from the early to mid 20th century, with some detached and semi-detached homes and some modern apartments.

Jordanhill College of Education and then the University of Strathclyde faculty of education were formerly in the area and the associated school has a high reputation.

Whiteinch
Whiteinch (Scottish Gaelic: Innis Bhàn) is an area in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated directly north of the River Clyde, between the Partick and Scotstoun areas of the city. Whiteinch was at one stage part of the burgh of Partick, until that burgh's absorption into the expanding city of Glasgow in 1912, and part of the Parish of Govan.
Flying Foam Passage
Flying Foam Passage is a north-south passage between Angel Island and Dolphin Island in the Dampier Archipelago, near Dampier, Western Australia.

The passage is named after the 33-ton coastal schooner Flying Foam, which disappeared without trace in March 1872. Its name is, however, most prominently associated with the 1868 massacre of indigenous Australians in the area.

The passage is a significant site of vessels lost.

Dampier, Western Australia
Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott.

Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341.
Torque amplifier
A torque amplifier is a mechanical device that amplifies the torque of a rotating shaft without affecting its rotational speed. It is mechanically related to the capstan seen on ships. Its most widely known use is in power steering on automobiles. Another use is on the differential analyser, where it was used to increase the output torque of the otherwise limited ball-and-disk integrator. The term is also applied to some gearboxes used on tractors, although this is unrelated. It differs from a torque converter, in which the rotational speed of the output shaft decreases as the torque increases.

Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine.

A transmission can have a single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in many kinds of machinery, especially vehicles.
Mediatization (media)
Mediatization (or medialization) is a method whereby the mass media influence other sectors of society, including politics, business, culture, entertainment, sport, religion, or education.  Mediatization is a process of change or a trend, similar to globalization and modernization, where the mass media integrates into other sectors of the society. Political actors, opinion makers, business organizations, civil society organizations, and others have to adapt their communication methods to a form that suits the needs and preferences of the mass media. Any person or organization wanting to spread messages to a larger audience have to adapt their messages and communication style to make it attractive for the mass media.

Ernest Manheim
Ernest Manheim (27 January 1900 – 28 July 2002), known as Ernő until 1920, Ernst until 1934, and then Ernest in the United States, was an American sociologist, anthropologist, and composer born in Hungary, at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Mühlpfad
Mühlpfad is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen. With a population of roughly 70 inhabitants, Mühlpfad is the district’s smallest municipality. It has nonetheless managed to avoid being amalgamated with any of its neighbours.

Emmelshausen
Emmelshausen (German pronunciation: [ɛml̩sˈhaʊzn̩]) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, to which it also belongs. Emmelshausen is a state-recognized climatic spa (Luftkurort), and in state planning is set out as a lower centre.
Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations
This article is a chronological listing of allegations of meetings between members of al-Qaeda and members of Saddam Hussein's government, as well as other information relevant to conspiracy theories involving Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda.

Stephen F. Hayes
Stephen Forester Hayes is an American journalist and author. In October 2019 Hayes co-founded the online opinion and news publication The Dispatch. Previously, he was a senior writer for National Journal and Editor-in-chief of The Weekly Standard. He was a staunch proponent of the Iraq War and an influential figure in promoting the debunked claim that Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda had an operational relationship.
Alya (name)
Alya is a female name that originates from Ancient Greek, Slavonic, Hebrew, and Arabic.

In Russia, Alya is typically used as a colloquial name by people named Albina, Alina, Alevtina, Alexandra, or Alla. It is formed in a manner similar to other colloquial Russian names (for example, Kostya for Konstantin, Anya for Anna). Russian citizens of Muslim ethnical minorities also have the name of "Aliya" of probably Arabian descent, which is never used by Russians, and is both a full and a short name.

In Arabic, Alya means sky, heaven, and loftiness.

In Hebrew, Alya means to ascend, to go up.

In Slavonic, Alya is derived from the word алая ("scarlet") in the meaning of "beautiful".

Alla (female name)
Alla (Russian: А́лла) is a Russian and Ukrainian female given name.

The Eastern Orthodox Church usually relates the name with Saint Alla, the widow of a Gothic chieftain, martyred in King Athanaric's times. Since the name is also spread among Tatars, there is some speculation that the name has its origin in the pre-Islamic goddess Allat. The name Alla is also widespread in Iceland.
Thyia (daughter of Deucalion)
In Greek mythology, Thyia (/ˈθaɪə/; Ancient Greek: Θυία, romanized: Thuía, derived from the verb θύω "to sacrifice") was the daughter of Deucalion. Thyia bore to Zeus two sons, Magnes and Makednos, the latter of whom was considered the eponym of Macedonia. This genealogy comes from Hesiod's lost work, the Catalogue of Women, as preserved in the De Thematibus of Constantine Porphyrogenitus.

Makedon (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Makedon (Ancient Greek: Μακεδών), also spelled Makednos (Μακεδνός) or transcribed Macedon, was the eponymous ancestor of the Makedones (ancient Macedonians) according to various ancient Greek fragmentary narratives. In most versions, he appears as a native or immigrant leader from Epirus, who gave his name to Macedonia, previously called Emathia according to Strabo, which according to Marsyas of Pella was until then a part of Thrace.
Mid-Atlantic Hockey League
The Mid-Atlantic Hockey League (MAHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the Mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes regions of the United States. The league began play in November 2007. The league was a low-level league designed to help ex-junior and college players gain pro experience and exposure and move up to higher level leagues.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Gedding
Gedding is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around six miles south east of Bury St Edmunds. At the 2011 census its population was 125, rising to 134 at the 2018 ONS mid year estimate.

Mid Suffolk
52°09′22″N 1°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.1560°N 1.0489°E﻿ / 52.1560; 1.0489

Mid Suffolk is a local government district in Suffolk, England. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just three towns, being Stowmarket, Needham Market and Eye. Its council was based in Needham Market until 2017 when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Babergh District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. In 2021 it had a population of 103,417.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Babergh, West Suffolk, Breckland and South Norfolk.
Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines
The Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines (ASCAD), created on 1 September 2003 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, is an African cultural institution whose objective is to contribute to the development and influence of science, arts, African culture and that of the African diaspora. It is also aimed at economic growth and social progress. Its members include scientists, philosophers, writers, artists and inventors.

The ASCAD has assumed the membership of the Fédération des Associations Scientfiiques de Côte d'Ivoire, a predecessor body Associate of International Council for Science (ICSU) since 1992.

International Council for Science
The International Council for Science (ICSU, after its former name, International Council of Scientific Unions) was an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the advancement of science. Its members were national scientific bodies and international scientific unions.

In 2017, the ICSU comprised 122 multi-disciplinary National Scientific Members, Associates and Observers representing 142 countries and 31 international, disciplinary Scientific Unions. ICSU also had 22 Scientific Associates. In July 2018, ICSU merged with the International Social Science Council (ISSC) to form the International Science Council (ISC) at a constituent general assembly in Paris.
Robert Gale (musician)
Robert Gale is principal trombone with The Philadelphia Brass, the Opera Company of Philadelphia, the Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia and a member of the pit orchestra of the Walnut Street Theatre. He has been a member of the music faculties of Swarthmore College and Valley Forge Military Academy and is currently on the faculty of The College of New Jersey. He has performed with the St. Louis and Richmond Symphonies and has recorded extensively for many vocal artists, television and major motion pictures. After graduating from the University of Illinois Bob began fifteen years of touring with the swing bands of Glenn Miller, Les Elgart, Jimmy Dorsey, and Bob Crosby, and the back-up bands for Bob Hope, Johnny Mathis, Donna Summer, Vic Damone, The Temptations, Manhattan Transfer, Natalie Cole and numerous others.

Bob Crosby
George Robert Crosby (August 23, 1913 – March 9, 1993) was an American jazz singer and bandleader, best known for his group the Bob-Cats, which formed around 1935. The Bob-Cats were a New Orleans Dixieland-style jazz octet. He was the younger brother of famed singer and actor Bing Crosby. On TV, Bob Crosby guest-starred in The Gisele MacKenzie Show. He was also a regular cast member of The Jack Benny Program, on both radio and television, taking over the role of bandleader after Phil Harris' departure. Crosby hosted his own afternoon TV variety show on CBS, The Bob Crosby Show (1953–1957). Crosby received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for television and radio.
Dora Varella
Dora Varella Gallacci Pereira (born 31 July 2001) is a Brazilian professional skateboarder. She has competed in women's park events at several World Skateboarding Championships, finishing 15th in 2018 and sixth in 2019.

Skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's park
The 2020 Summer Olympics women's park skateboarding competition occurred on 4 August 2021 at Ariake Urban Sports Park in Tokyo, Japan.

It was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sakura Yosozumi and Kokona Hiraki of Japan won the gold and silver medals, with Sky Brown of Great Britain winning the bronze medal.
Viyaluwa Electoral District
Viyaluwa electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Viyaluwa in Badulla District, Uva Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Viyaluwa electoral district was replaced by the Badulla multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Badulla Electoral District
Badulla electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Badulla in the Uva province. The district currently elects 8 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 574,814 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 19.
Yaqub Kareem
Yaqub Kareem (born in Lagos) is a Nigerian professional super fly/bantam/super bantamweight boxer of the 2000s and 2010s who won the Commonwealth super flyweight title, his professional fighting weight varied from 113 lb (51 kg; 8 st 1 lb), i.e. super flyweight to 119 lb (54 kg; 8 st 7 lb), i.e. super bantamweight.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Post-war Russo-Georgian crisis in 2008–2009
After the Russo-Georgian War in August 2008, a number of incidents occurred in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Tensions between Georgia, Ukraine, the United States and the NATO on one side and Russia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia on the other side remained high in 2008–2009.

Caucasus 2009
Caucasus 2009 (also called Kavkaz 2009) was an operational-strategic military exercise of the Russian armed forces which took place from 29 June to 6 July 2009. It was conducted in 10 southern subjects of the Russian Federation.
Law of agency
The law of agency is an area of commercial law dealing with a set of contractual, quasi-contractual and non-contractual fiduciary relationships that involve a person, called the agent, who is authorized to act on behalf of another (called the principal) to create legal relations with a third party. It may be referred to as the equal relationship between a principal and an agent whereby the principal, expressly or implicitly, authorizes the agent to work under their control and on their behalf. The agent is, thus, required to negotiate on behalf of the principal or bring them and third parties into contractual relationship. This branch of law separates and regulates the relationships between:

agents and principals (internal relationship), known as the principal-agent relationship;

agents and the third parties with whom they deal on their principals' behalf (external relationship); and

principals and the third parties when the agents deal.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.
Breskens Pocket
The Breskens Pocket was a pocket of fortified German resistance against the Canadian First Army in the Battle of the Scheldt during the Second World War. It was chiefly situated on the southern shore of the Scheldt estuary in the southern Netherlands, near the Belgian border. It was named after the town of Breskens, which was later freed from German occupation during Operation Switchback.

The Breskens Pocket was known in Berlin as "Scheldt Fortress South".

Breskens
Breskens is a harbour town on the Westerschelde in the municipality of Sluis, Netherlands. Its population is 4,787 (as of 2010), and it's 2.8 m (9.2 ft) above sea level.

The town is noted for the Visserijfeesten (Fishery Festival), the largest festival in Zeeland.

A ferry connection exists between Breskens and Vlissingen. After the opening of the Western Scheldt Tunnel near Terneuzen in 2003, the ferry now only carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic.
24th Pursuit Group
The 24th Pursuit Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was wiped out in the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). The survivors fought as infantry during Battle of Bataan and after their surrender, were subjected to the Bataan Death March, although some did escape to Australia. The unit was never remanned or equipped. It was carried as an active unit until 2 April 1946.

Hamilton Field (Hamilton AFB)
Hamilton Field (Hamilton AFB) was a United States Air Force base, which was inactivated in 1973, decommissioned in 1974, and put into a caretaker status with the Air Force Reserve until 1976. It was transferred to the United States Army in 1983 and was designated an Army Airfield until its BRAC closure in 1988. It is located along the western shore of San Pablo Bay in the southern portion of Novato, in Marin County, California.
Icaro Twin Electric
The Icaro Twin Electric is an Italian electric ultralight trike that was designed by World Hang Glider Champion pilot Manfred Ruhmer and under development by Icaro 2000 of Sangiano.

As of 2018 the aircraft was not advertised on the manufacturer's website and it is likely that it did not progress beyond one flying prototype.

Ultralight trike
An ultralight trike or paratrike is a type of powered hang glider where flight control is by weight-shift. These aircraft have a fabric flex-wing from which is suspended a tricycle fuselage pod driven by a pusher propeller. The pod accommodates either a solo pilot, or a pilot and a single passenger. Trikes grant affordable, accessible, and exciting flying, and have been popular since the 1980s.

Trikes are classified as microlights in Europe, and as light-sport aircraft in the United States.  The aircraft are also known by other names, including 2-axis microlights, flex-wing trikes,  microlight trikes, deltatrikes or motorized deltaplanes.  In the United States, they are formally recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as weight-shift-control aircraft.
Acidovorax caeni
Acidovorax caeni is a gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family that was isolated from the activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in Belgium. Colonies are yellow–brown.

Comamonadaceae
The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. They are aerobic and most of the species are motile via flagella. The cells are curved rod-shaped.
Wealth of Donald Trump
The net worth of Donald Trump, the 45th and 47th president of the United States, is not publicly known. For decades, Forbes has assessed his wealth, currently estimating it at $6.5 billion as of February 2026. Meanwhile, Bloomberg estimated his wealth at $7.08 billion in January 2025. After the early 2025 launch of $Trump, Trump's own cryptocurrency, Axios temporarily estimated his net worth to be $58 billion. He received gifts, loans, and inheritance from his father, Fred Trump, who was a real-estate developer and businessman. Donald Trump's primary business has been real estate ventures, including hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He also made money from Trump-branded products including neckties, steaks, and urine tests. Money received through political fundraisers is used to pay for guest stays at properties owned by the Trump Organization and to pay his and his allies' lawyers.

Trump Media & Technology Group
Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. (TMTG) is an American media and technology company headquartered in Sarasota, Florida. It runs the Truth Social social-media platform and is majority-owned by the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust.

Founded by Andy Litinsky and Wes Moss in 2021, it went public on March 26, 2024, after merging with Digital World Acquisition Corp. (DWAC), a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC).

As of December 2025, Trump Media & Technology Group has a market cap of $3.65 billion USD.
3,4-Toluenedithiol
3,4-Toluenedithiol is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH3C6H3(SH)2.  It is encountered as a colorless wax or oil.  The compound is classified as an aromatic dithiol.  It forms brightly colored derivatives with many metal ions.  The compound is closely related to 1,2-benzenedithiol but is often more widely used because it is less expensive. 3,4-Toluenedithiol is prepared by reduction of the bis(sulfonyl chloride) CH3C6H3(SO2Cl)2 with tin.

It has been investigated as a probe of thiol-disulfide reactions.

Dithiol
In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol (−SH) functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility.  They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone.

Structure of some dithiols

Benzene-1,2-dithiol, the parent aromatic dithiol

Propane-1,3-dithiol

The drug meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid

Dimercaprol ("British anti-Lewisite"), an early antidote for arsenic poisoning

Dihydrolipoic acid, a vitamin

Dithiothreitol, a reagent in protein biochemistry