hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memory implantation
Memory implantation is a technique used in cognitive psychology to investigate human memory. In memory implantation studies researchers make people believe that they remember an event that actually never happened. The false memories that have been successfully implanted in people's memories include remembering being lost in a mall as a child, taking a hot air balloon ride, among other things which could be both good or bad.

Memory implantation techniques were developed in the 1990s as a way of providing evidence of how easy it is to distort people's memories of past events. Most of the studies on memory implantation were published in the context of the debate about repressed memories and the possible danger of digging for lost memories in therapy. The successful implantation of memories in people's minds has implications for therapy and legal settings.

Source-monitoring error
A source-monitoring error is a type of memory error where the source of a memory is incorrectly attributed to some specific recollected experience. For example, individuals may learn about a current event from a friend, but later report having learned about it on the local news, thus reflecting an incorrect source attribution. This error occurs when normal perceptual and reflective processes are disrupted, either by limited encoding of source information or by disruption to the judgment processes used in source-monitoring. Depression, high stress levels and damage to relevant brain areas are examples of factors that can cause such disruption and hence source-monitoring errors.
Surinder Singh Mahal
Lieutenant General Surinder Singh Mahal PVSM AVSM VSM is a retired general officer in the Indian Army who served as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Army Training Command (ARTRAC).
He superannuated on 30 November 2023.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Whitney Young
Whitney Moore Young Jr. (July 31, 1921 – March 11, 1971) was an American civil rights leader.  Trained as a social worker, he spent most of his career working to end employment discrimination in the United States and turning the National Urban League from a relatively passive civil rights organization into one that aggressively worked for equitable access to socioeconomic opportunity for the historically disenfranchised.  Young was influential in the United States federal government's War on Poverty in the 1960s.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Polonne Raion
Polonne Raion (Ukrainian: Полонський район) was a raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Polonne. It was established in 1923. 1 city (Polonne), 1 urban-type settlement and 45 villages were located in Polonne Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Polonne Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 42,649 (2020 est.)

Shepetivka
Shepetivka (Ukrainian: Шепетівка, IPA: [ʃepeˈt⁽ʲ⁾iu̯kɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Szepetówka) is a city located on the Huska River in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Shepetivka is the administrative center of Shepetivka Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Shepetivka urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 40,299 (2022 estimate).

Shepetivka is an important railway junction with five intersecting transit routes. It is located 100 km away from Khmelnytskyi, the oblast's capital.
1939 All-America college football team
The 1939 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1939. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1939 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press, (3) the United Press, (4) the All-America Board, (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) Newsweek, and (9) the Sporting News.

Two players, USC guard Harry Smith and Cornell tackle Nick Drahos, were unanimously chosen by all nine official selectors. Two other players, Iowa halfback Nile Kinnick and Michigan halfback Tom Harmon were selected as first-team All-Americans by eight of the nine official selectors, with Kinnick winning the Heisman Trophy in 1939 and Harmon winning it in 1940.

Nile Kinnick
Nile Clarke Kinnick Jr. (July 9, 1918 – June 2, 1943) was an American naval aviator, law student, and college football player for the Iowa Hawkeyes. He won the 1939 Heisman Trophy and was a consensus All-American. He died during a training flight while serving as a United States Navy aviator in World War II. Kinnick was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, and the University of Iowa renamed its football stadium Kinnick Stadium in his honor in 1972.
1985 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1985 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the sixteenth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 currently unknown. Arorangi won the championship, their first recorded championship, and only the second recorded time since the inaugural season in 1950 that the title had not been won by Titikaveka, following Avatiu's victory in the 1980 season.

1980 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1980 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the eleventh recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 currently unknown. Avatiu won the championship, their first recorded championship, and the first time any team other than Titikaveka is recorded as having won the championship.
Duiliu Marcu
Duiliu Marcu (25 March 1885 – 9 March 1966) was a Romanian architect, one of the most well known and prolific of the interwar period. With a career spanning from 1912 to 1966, he is said to have designed 150 public and private projects across Romania, his work reflecting the evolution of local architecture in the first half of the 20th century from French Renaissance, though Neo-Romanian to modernism. Though also designing private villas and apartments, he designed some of the major interwar public buildings in the country, including the Timișoara Theatre, the Elisabeth Palace in Bucharest for the royal family, and the Victory Palace, which now houses the office of the Prime Minister.

Romanian National Opera, Timișoara
The Romanian National Opera (Romanian: Opera Națională Română) is a public opera and ballet institution in Timișoara, Romania. Subordinated to the Ministry of Culture, it is one of the four national opera companies of Romania. The Romanian National Opera was established by royal decree no. 254 of 30 March 1946, issued by King Michael I. The first director of the opera was Aca de Barbu. The Opera shares the same building with the Mihai Eminescu National Theatre, the Csiky Gergely Hungarian State Theatre and the German State Theatre.
Volesus
Volesus or Volusus, sometimes called Volesus Valerius, was the legendary eponymous ancestor of gens Valeria, one of the great patrician houses at Rome.  He is said to have come to Rome with Titus Tatius, king of the Sabine town of Cures, during the reign of Romulus, the founder and first king of Rome.

Romulus
Romulus (/ˈrɒmjʊləs/, Classical Latin: [ˈroːmʊɫʊs]) was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of these traditions incorporate elements of folklore, and it is not clear to what extent a historical figure underlies the mythical Romulus, the events and institutions ascribed to him were central to the myths surrounding Rome's origins and cultural traditions.
IRIS (jamming device)
IRIS is a family of ECM equipment developed by Estonian Defence Forces for purposes of interfering with remotely controlled explosive devices.  In June 2009, the technology, manufactured by E-Arsenal, was sold to Latvian Army in unpublished numbers, unpublished configuration, unpublished delivery time at unpublished price.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
JAPEX
Japan Petroleum Exploration Company Limited (JAPEX) (石油資源開発株式会社, Sekiyu Shigen Kaihatsu Kabushiki-Kaisha) is a hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transportation company. JAPEX explores and produces crude oil, natural gas, and liquefied natural gas reserves worldwide. JAPEX has proven reserves of 272 million barrels in Japan and the rest of the world. Aside from operations in Hokkaido, Akita, Yamagata and Niigata in Japan, JAPEX has major operations in Canada, Indonesia and Libya. Currently publicly traded under the ticker TSE: 1662. The Government of Japan owns a 34% stake in JAPEX.

Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo), abbreviated as Tosho (東証) or TSE/TYO, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan.

The exchange is owned by Japan Exchange Group (JPX), a holding company that it also lists (TYO: 8697), and operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JPX. JPX was formed from the merger of Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc. with Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (now Osaka Exchange, Inc.); the merger process began in July 2012, when said merger was approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission. JPX itself was launched on January 1, 2013.
Murders of Gary Matson and Winfield Mowder
Gary Matson (April 6, 1949 — July 1, 1999) and Winfield Mowder (May 30, 1959 — July 1, 1999) were a gay couple from Redding, California, who were murdered by white supremacist brothers Benjamin Matthew Williams and James Tyler Williams. The Williams brothers confessed to killing the couple because they were gay.

Redding, California
Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County, California, and the economic and cultural capital of the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California. Redding lies along the Sacramento River, 162 miles (261 km) north of Sacramento, and 120 miles (190 km) south of California's northern border with Oregon. Its population was 93,611 at the 2020 census.
Zina Young Card
Zina Presendia Young Williams Card (April 3, 1850 – January 31, 1931) was an American religious leader and women's rights activist. A daughter of Brigham Young, the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), she was the first "Dean of Women" at Brigham Young Academy (BYA) (now Brigham Young University) in Provo, Utah. She fought on a national level for women's suffrage and the right to practice plural marriage. After moving to a new Mormon settlement at Cardston, Alberta, Canada, she became a major civic and religious leader of the community.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Tagundaing
Tagundaing (Burmese: တံခွန်တိုင်) refers to an ornamented victory column or flagstaff, typically 60 to 80 feet (18 to 24 m), found within the grounds of Burmese Buddhist pagodas and kyaungs (monasteries). These ornamented columns were raised within religious compounds to celebrate the submission of nats (local animistic spirits) to the Dhamma, the Buddhist doctrine and inspired by the Pillars of Ashoka.

A mythical hintha (or more rarely a kinnara) is generally found perching atop the column, while the base of the column may be decorated with Thagyamin. Vasudhara, the earth goddess, may also be found at the base.

Victory column
A victory column, or monumental column or triumphal column, is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a heroic commemoration, including victorious battle, war, or revolution. The column typically stands on a base and is crowned with a victory symbol, such as a statue. The statue may represent the goddess Victoria; in Germany, the female embodiment of the nation, Germania; in the United States either the female embodiment of the nation Columbia or Liberty; in the United Kingdom, the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle, or a naval war hero depicted as a helmeted woman, wielding a trident, shield and olive branch.
The Inheritance (Grimm)
"The Inheritance" is the 21st episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm  and the 65th episode overall, which premiered on May 9, 2014, on the broadcast network NBC. The episode was written by Dan E. Fesman and was directed by Eric Laneuville.

Grimm season 3
The third season of the NBC American supernatural drama series Grimm was announced on April 26, 2013. It consisted of 22 episodes. The series, created by David Greenwalt, Jim Kouf and Stephen Carpenter, follows a descendant of the Grimm line, Nick Burkhardt, as he deals with being a cop, and trying not to expose his secret as a Grimm.
Benefit of clergy
In English law, the benefit of clergy (Law Latin: privilegium clericale) was originally a provision by which clergymen accused of a crime could claim that they were outside the jurisdiction of the secular courts and be tried instead in an ecclesiastical court under canon law. The ecclesiastical courts were generally seen as being more lenient in their prosecutions and punishments, and defendants made many efforts to claim clergy status, often on questionable or fraudulent grounds.

Various reforms limited the scope of this legal arrangement to prevent its abuse, including branding of a thumb upon first use, to limit the number of invocations for some. Eventually, the benefit of clergy evolved into a legal fiction in which first-time offenders could receive lesser sentences for some crimes (the so-called "clergyable" ones). The legal mechanism was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1827 with the passage of the Criminal Law Act 1827.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
History of Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit, widely known by the acronym BART, is the main rail transportation system for the San Francisco Bay Area. It was envisioned as early as 1946 but the construction of the original system began in the 1960s.

San Francisco International Airport station
San Francisco International Airport station (often abbreviated SFO or SFIA) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) terminal station located adjacent to Garage G inside the San Francisco International Airport. The elevated station is a transfer point to the AirTrain people mover system at Garage G/BART station.

The station opened for AirTrain service in February 2003, with BART service beginning that June. After several service changes between 2003 and 2022, the station is served by the Yellow Line at all operating hours and the Red Line until 9 pm.
Robotics engineering
Robotics engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the conception, design, manufacturing, and operation of robots. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, drawing primarily from mechanical, electrical, software, and artificial intelligence (AI) engineering.

Robotics engineers are tasked with designing these robots to function reliably and safely in real-world scenarios, which often require addressing complex mechanical movements, real-time control, and adaptive decision-making through software and AI.

Artificial intelligence engineering
Artificial intelligence engineering (AI engineering) is a technical discipline that focuses on the design, development, and deployment of AI systems. AI engineering involves applying engineering principles and methodologies to create scalable, efficient, and reliable AI-based solutions. It merges aspects of data engineering and software engineering to create real-world applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance, autonomous systems, and industrial automation.
MrSID
MrSID (pronounced Mister Sid) is an acronym that stands for multiresolution seamless image database. It is a file format (filename extension .sid) developed and patented by LizardTech (in October 2018 absorbed into Extensis) for encoding of georeferenced raster graphics, such as orthophotos.

On November 30, 2025 —GeoWGS84 Corp  announced the successful acquisition of the full LizardTech suite of geospatial software products from Extensis (Monotype). This acquisition includes all rights to GeoExpress®, Express Server®, GeoViewer®, and the industry-renowned MrSID® image compression format, along with all related intellectual property, technologies, and development assets.

MrSID originated as the result of research efforts at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).

Hexagon AB
Hexagon AB is a multinational industrial technology company. Headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, and publicly traded on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange, the company since 2000 has had a particular focus on measuring technology and geospatial tools and software. After its founding, between 2000 and 2022, Hexagon completed more than 170 acquisitions, and it is the parent company of Leica Geosystems and Infor EAM, among other subsidiaries. With around 24,000 employees, Hexagon's revenue in 2023 was US$5.5 billion, while assets were $18.1 billion.
Kacheguda–Yesvantpur Vande Bharat Express
The 20703/20704 Kacheguda - Yesvantpur Vande Bharat Express is India's 29th Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the city of Hyderabad in Telangana with city of Bangalore in Karnataka. This train was inaugurated on 24 September 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via video conference from New Delhi.

Yesvantpur Junction railway station
Yesvantpur Junction railway station also Yeshwanthapura Junction railway station (station code: YPR) is one of the three important stations which serves the city of Bangalore which is located in Yesvantpur locality. It is one of the developing stations of Bangalore created for reducing the rush at Bangalore City railway station.
Memoria (album)
Memoria is the third studio album by Argentine band Erreway. The songs were written by María Cristina de Giacomi and Carlos Nilson, who also wrote for the albums Señales (2002) and Tiempo (2003). The album was released in June 2004, and sold 500,000 copies just in South America. The songs "Asignatura Pendiente", "Vivo Como Vivo", "De Aquí, de Allá", "Solo Sé" and "Memoria" were used in the Erreway film Erreway: 4 caminos (2004).

Señales
Señales (Spanish: Signs) is the first studio album by Argentine pop rock group Erreway. The album was released through Sony Music and Cris Morena Group on 29 July 2002 (see 2002 in music). It was produced by Cris Morena and Carlos Nilson, who wrote all songs for the album. It was certified Double Platinum by CAPIF.

The song "Rebelde Way" was used as the opening theme for the Cris Morena Group TV soap opera, Rebelde Way (2002–03), which starred Erreway members Camila Bordonaba, Felipe Colombo, Luisana Lopilato and Benjamín Rojas. The album singles — "Sweet Baby", "Bonita de Más", "Resistiré", "Inmortal", "Amor de Engaño" and "Será Porque Te Quiero" — all enjoyed success in the charts in Argentina, Israel and España.
Kiss (Bad Boys Blue album)
Kiss is the ninth studio album by German band Bad Boys Blue. It was released on 27 September 1993 by Coconut Records. One single was also released. John McInerney performed "Kiss You All Over, Baby" which before had been sung by Trevor Taylor. The song "Save Your Love" from the previous album was performed here as "Aguarda Tu Amor" in Spanish. The song "Kisses And Tears" is taken from the second album.

This record was the last with Trevor Bannister. In 1993, Bad Boys Blue toured around Africa with singer Owen Standing who never was an official band member.

Heartbeat (Bad Boys Blue album)
Heart Beat  is the second studio album by German band Bad Boys Blue released on 19 October 1986 by Coconut Records. The album includes two international hits: "I Wanna Hear Your Heartbeat (Sunday Girl)" and "Kisses and Tears (My One and Only)". Three singles were released from the record. Sometimes the name of the album is spelled as Heartbeat.

Hans-Jürgen Fritz, who once played keyboards for the german prog band Triumvirat, plays synthesizers on the album, he also wrote and composed one song and did the arrangements on all songs with Tony Hendrik.
Isla de Lobos Lighthouse
Isla de Lobos Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Isla de Lobos) is a lighthouse located on Isla de Lobos in the Atlantic Ocean, not far from Punta del Este, Maldonado Department, Uruguay. The current structure was erected in 1906.

Isla de Lobos
The Isla de Lobos is a small island located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Punta del Este (Uruguay) in the Atlantic Ocean. An islet lies east of the island.

Since 2024 it makes up the Island and Islet of Lobos and their Submerged Environment National Park a marine protected area.