hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Tinsley
Samuel Tinsley (13 January 1847 – 26 February 1903) was an English chess player and writer.

Tinsley was born in South Mimms, Middlesex to Sarah (née Dover) and William Tinsley. He was the seventh of ten children, and a younger sibling of publisher William Tinsley. As a young adult, Tinsley moved to London and eventually worked with several of his brothers as a publisher.

William Tinsley (publisher)
William Tinsley (13 July 1831 – 1 May 1902) was a British publisher.  The son of a gamekeeper, he had little formal education; but together with his brother Edward (1835–1865) he founded the firm of The Tinsley Brothers, which published many of the leading novelists of the time.
Eagle Day
Herman Sidney "Eagle" Day (October 2, 1932 – February 22, 2008) was an American punter in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and quarterback in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Calgary Stampeders and the Toronto Argonauts. He played college football and baseball at the University of Mississippi.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Middleton family
The Middleton family is an English family that has been related to the British royal family by marriage since the wedding of Catherine Middleton to Prince William in April 2011, when she became the Duchess of Cambridge. The couple have three children: George, Charlotte and Louis. Tracing their origins back to the Tudor era, the Middleton family of Yorkshire of the late 18th century were recorded as owning property of the Rectory Manor of Wakefield with the land passing down to solicitor William Middleton who established the family law firm in Leeds which spanned five generations. Some members of the firm inherited woollen mills after the First World War. By the turn of the 20th century, the Middleton family had married into the British nobility and, by the 1920s, the family were playing host to the British royal family.

Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)
Princess Charlotte of Wales (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales, and a granddaughter of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales. She is third in the line of succession to the British throne.
U Carinae
The Bayer designations U Carinae and u Carinae are distinct. Due to technical limitations, both designations link here. For the star

U Carinae, HD 95109, a Cepheid variable star

u Carinae, HD 94510, a K-type giant star

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Aber Valley
Aber Valley is a valley community in Caerphilly county borough, South Wales. It has two main communities, Abertridwr and Senghenydd, which grew around the mining industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Senghenydd has a longer history than Abertridwr; it was once a cantref (or "hundred") encompassing quite a large area.

The Aber Valley Heritage Group has established a Heritage Museum situated within Senghenydd Community Centre in order to commemorate the scene of the largest mining disaster in British history: the 1913 Senghenydd Colliery Disaster when 439 miners died.

The Aber Valley Male Voice Choir was created in 1959. The choir has toured round the world, appeared at many Eisteddfods, and performed at the opening match of the 2015 Rugby World Cup at the Millennium Stadium.

Abertridwr, Caerphilly
Abertridwr (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; Welsh: the mouth of the three waters) is a village in Caerphilly County Borough, Wales, situated about 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Caerphilly town.
The "three waters" or "three streams" are Nant Cwm-parc, Nant Cwmceffyl and Nant Ilan, which join to form Nant yr Aber.

Like many villages and towns in the area, Abertridwr was a coal mining community within the South Wales Coalfield.
Gangachara Adarsha High School
Gangachara Adarsha High School (Bengali: গংগাচড়া আদর্শ উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়, lit. 'Gangachara Ideal High School') is a secondary high school at Gangachara Upazila in Rangpur District, Bangladesh. This is the first ranked high school in the entire upazila (sub-district).

Educational institution
An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities.  They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.
Ankokuron-ji
Myōhōkekyōzan Ankokuron-ji (妙法華経山安国論寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Nichiren sect in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan. It is one of a group of three built near the site in Matsubagayatsu (Valley of Pine Needles (松葉ヶ谷) where Nichiren, founder of the Buddhist sect that bears his name, is supposed to have had his hut.

Awa Province (Chiba)
Awa Province (安房国, Awa no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture.  It lies on the tip of the Bōsō Peninsula (房総半島), whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Bōshū (房州) or Anshū (安州). Awa Province in Shikoku phonetically has the same name, but is written with different kanji (阿波国).
Awa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō.  Under the Engishiki classification system, Awa was ranked as a "middle country" (中国) and a "far country" (遠国).
Matvey Safonov
Matvey Yevgenyevich Safonov (also spelled Matvei Safonov; Russian: Матвей Евгеньевич Сафонов; born 25 February 1999) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and the Russia national team.

FIFA Intercontinental Cup
The FIFA Intercontinental Cup is an annual football competition organised by FIFA, the global governing body for the sport. First held in 2024, the tournament features the reigning club champions of each of the six FIFA confederations, contested in a knockout format in which the representative from Europe receives a bye to the final.

The tournament concept is closely modelled on the earlier version of the FIFA Club World Cup, which underwent major expansion and restructuring starting with the 2025 edition. The FIFA Intercontinental Cup confers the title of annual world champions. Paris Saint-Germain are the current holders, having defeated Flamengo 2–1 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the 2025 final.
Lubombo Conservancy
Lubombo Conservancy comprises 5 reserves in Eswatini:

Hlane Royal National Park

Mbuluzi Game Reserve

Mlawula Nature Reserve

Shewula Community Nature Reserve

Nkhalashane Siza Ranch

These areas, comprising about 60,000 hectares, include statutorily proclaimed protected areas, private property, and Swazi nation land.
26°15′S 31°53′E﻿ / ﻿26.25°S 31.88°E﻿ / -26.25; 31.88

Mlawula Nature Reserve
The Mlawula Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in north-eastern Eswatini. It covers approximately 165 km2 (64 sq mi) and is adjacent to Mbuluzi Game Reserve, Simunye Nature Reserve, and Hlane Royal National Park.

The Mlawula area was first proclaimed as a protected area in 1914 but was subsequently deproclaimed and subdivided into cattle ranches. The first part of Mlawula to be proclaimed as a conservation area was donated in 1978, to become Ndzindza Nature Reserve. Mlawula Estates were purchased soon after followed by the donation of Nyala Ranch.

Mlawula has a high bird diversity and over 350 species have been recorded.
Miss Grand Korea 2021
Miss Grand Korea 2021 (Korean: 2021 미스 그랜드 코리아) was the fifth edition of the Miss Grand Korea beauty pageant, held on October 1, 2021, at the Daejeon Convention Center, Yuseong, Daejeon, where a twenty-five-year-old Dankook University graduate student from Seoul, Lee Ji-ho, was announced the winner. Ji-ho later represented the country at the Miss Grand International 2021 held in Thailand on December 2, but she was unplaced.

The contest featured twenty-two candidates, who qualified for the national pageant via an audition held earlier on September 9. Due to the spread of COVID-19 and to comply with government quarantine guidelines, the number of attendances was limited to fifty people, including staff, participants, and broadcast teams.

Miss Grand International 2021
Miss Grand International 2021 was the ninth Miss Grand International pageant, held at the Show DC hall, Show DC Mega Complex in Bangkok, Thailand, on 4 December 2021.

Abena Appiah of the United States crowned Nguyễn Thúc Thùy Tiên of Vietnam as her successor at the end of the event. The winner received a cash prize of US$60,000 as a reward.
Berringama
Berringama is a locality in north east Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Towong local government area, 418 kilometres (260 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Berringama had a population of 37.

Shire of Towong
The Shire of Towong (/ˈtaʊɒŋ/; first syllable to rhyme with cow) is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 6,675 square kilometres (2,577 mi2) and in August 2021 had a population of 6,223.

It includes the towns of Corryong, Tallangatta, Cudgewa, Bethanga, Bellbridge, Walwa, Tintaldra and Towong.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Towong Shire Council. Its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Tallangatta; it also has a service centre located in Corryong.
Roque Cinchado
Roque Cinchado is a volcanic rock formation regarded as emblematic of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It lies within the Teide National Park (a World Heritage Site) in the municipality of La Orotava, near Teide volcano, in the heart of the island. Roque Cinchado is located about 1700 meters below the summit of Teide volcano. It belongs to a group of rock formations, remnants of the former summit of the island, known as "Roques García".

Roque Cinchado is a 27-metre high rock pillar, composed mostly of volcaniclastic sedimentary rock layers. Its upper sedimentary layers have been intruded by two sills of lava, which have made the upper part of the pillar more resistant to erosion.

The rock appeared on one thousand peseta bank notes, with Teide in the background.

Sill (geology)
In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. A sill is a concordant intrusive sheet, meaning that it does not cut across preexisting rock beds. Stacking of sills builds a sill complex and a large magma chamber at high magma flux. In contrast, a dike is a discordant intrusive sheet, which does cut across older rocks.
Luiz Gustavo
Luiz Gustavo Dias (born 23 July 1987) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club São Paulo.

From 2007 to 2017 Luiz Gustavo played in Germany, where he represented TSG Hoffenheim, Bayern Munich and VfL Wolfsburg, making 245 Bundesliga appearances and scoring 15 goals. He won six trophies in his time in the country, including the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League with Bayern.

A full international with over 40 caps since his debut in 2011, Luiz Gustavo represented Brazil as they won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and came fourth at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, both on home soil.

2014–15 DFB-Pokal
The 2014–15 DFB-Pokal was the 72nd season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 15 August 2014 with the first of six rounds and ended on 30 May 2015 with the final at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.

Bayern Munich was the two-time defending champions, having defeated Borussia Dortmund in the 2014 final, but were knocked out in the semi-finals by the same team in a penalty shootout.

VfL Wolfsburg won the final against Dortmund 3–1 to win their first title.
Rakitnoye, Bagrationovsky District
Rakitnoye (Russian: Ракитное; Polish: Ropele) is an abandoned village in Bagrationovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, near the border with Poland.

Initially following World War II, in 1945, the village passed to Poland as Ropele and was part of the Iławka County in the Masurian District, however, it was eventually annexed by the Soviet Union and renamed to Rakitnoye.

Bagrationovsky District
Bagrationovsky District (Russian: Багратио́новский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bagrationovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,146 square kilometers (442 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Bagrationovsk. Population: 32,352 (2010 Census); 45,672 (2002 Census); 39,724 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bagrationovsk accounts for 19.8% of the district's total population.
Replisome
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA.  The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands.  For each of the resulting single strands, a new complementary sequence of DNA is synthesized.  The total result is formation of two new double stranded DNA sequences that are exact copies of the original double stranded DNA sequence.

In terms of structure, the replisome is composed of two replicative polymerase complexes, one of which synthesizes the leading strand, while the other synthesizes the lagging strand. The replisome is composed of a number of proteins including helicase, RFC, PCNA, gyrase/topoisomerase, SSB/RPA, primase, DNA polymerase III, RNAse H, and DNA ligase.

Replication factor C
The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.

The subunits of this heteropentamer are named Rfc1, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RFC is used in eukaryotic replication as a clamp loader, similar to the γ Complex in Escherichia coli. Its role as a clamp loader involves catalyzing the loading of PCNA onto DNA. It binds to the 3' end of the DNA and uses ATP to open the ring of PCNA so that it can encircle the DNA. ATP hydrolysis causes the release of RFC, with concomitant clamp loading onto DNA. For DNA polymerase, RFC serves as primer identification. RFC plays an important role in the proliferation,  invasion, and progression of various malignant tumors. RFC acts as a tumor suppressor gene.
Qena SC
Qena Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي قنا للألعاب الرياضية), is an Egyptian football club based in Qena, Egypt. The club is currently playing in the Egyptian Third Division, the third-highest league in the Egyptian football league system.

Egyptian Third Division
The Egyptian Third Division (Arabic: دوري القسم الثالث المصري) is an Egyptian professional football league that represented the third tier of the Egyptian football league system until 2023. It is administered by the Egyptian Football Association. It is below the Egyptian Second Division, and above the regional league Egyptian Fourth Division; the lowest football league in the country.

The league was reformed in 1977, and consists of multiple groups covering different parts of Egypt, with the winner of each group either gaining automatic promotion to the next level, or earning a place in the promotion play-offs, depending on the number of groups and teams participating.

Following the creation of the Second Division A and Second Division B, the Third Division will be downgraded to level 4 on the pyramid starting from the 2023–24 season.
Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution
The Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution (ESCAPE) mission aims to find environments beyond Earth's solar system that might host planets with thick atmospheres to support life.

The long-term stability of exoplanetary atmospheres depends critically on the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) flux from the host star. The EUV flux likely drives the demographics of the short-period planet population as well the ability for rocky planets to maintain habitable environments long enough for the emergence of life. ESCAPE is an astrophysics Small Explorer proposed to NASA that employs extreme- and far-ultraviolet spectroscopy (80 – 1650 Å) to characterize the high-energy radiation environment in the habitable zones (HZs) around nearby stars.

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) is a research institute at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Founded in 1948, LASP employs 750+ scientists, engineers, and students dedicated to space science research in fields including solar physics, planetary atmospheres, dusty plasmas, geophysics, and space weather. The institute received over $1 billion in research revenue since 2013, predominantly from NASA contracts. LASP employs over 250 students and is the only academic institute to send spacecraft instruments to all 8 planets in the Solar System. LASP has also sent missions to Pluto, the Sun, and multiple planetary moons.

As of 2025, LASP has a yearly budget exceeding $200 million and manages or supports 26 active space missions.
Ermine (heraldry)
Ermine (/ˈɜːrmɪn/) in heraldry is a fur, a type of tincture, consisting of a white background with a pattern of black shapes representing the winter coat of the stoat (a species of weasel with white fur and a black-tipped tail). The linings of medieval coronation cloaks and some other garments, usually reserved for use by high-ranking peers and royalty, were made by sewing many ermine furs together to produce a luxurious white fur with patterns of hanging black-tipped tails. Due largely to the association of the ermine fur with the linings of coronation cloaks, crowns and peerage caps, the heraldic tincture of ermine was usually reserved to similar applications in heraldry (i.e., the linings of crowns and chapeaux and of the royal canopy). In heraldry it has become especially associated with the Duchy of Brittany and Breton heraldry.

Arthur Charles Fox-Davies
Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (28 February 1871 – 19 May 1928) was a British expert on heraldry. His Complete Guide to Heraldry, published in 1909, has become a standard work on heraldry in England. A barrister by profession, Fox-Davies worked on several notable cases involving the peerage, and also worked as a journalist and novelist.
O'Driscolls Irish Whiskey Juvenile Hurdle
The Mercedes-Benz South Dublin Juvenile Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland. It is run at Leopardstown in December over a distance of about 2 miles (3,219 metres) and during the race there are eight flights of hurdles to be jumped.

The race is normally run on Saint Stephen's Day, during the course's Christmas Festival and is restricted to 3 year old horses only. It has been run under a series of sponsored titles - the 2012 running was called the Q8 Oil Juvenile Hurdle, the 2011 running was sponsored by the United Arab Emirates Embassy and in 2010 it was sponsored by the Bord na Móna peat harvesting company and run as the Bord na Mona Fire Magic Juvenile Hurdle. Prior to 2009 it was known as the Durkan New Homes Juvenile Hurdle and in 2009 it was run as the Inforthenight.ie Juvenile Hurdle.

In the 1990s the race was known as the Dennys Juvenile Hurdle.

Leopardstown Racecourse
Leopardstown Racecourse 53°15′57″N 6°11′21″W﻿ / ﻿53.26583°N 6.18917°W﻿ / 53.26583; -6.18917 is a horse-racing course in Leopardstown, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Dublin city centre, in Ireland. Like the majority of Irish courses, it hosts both National Hunt and Flat racing.

Built by Captain George Quin and modelled on Sandown Park Racecourse in England, it was completed in 1888 and acquired by the Horse Racing Board of Ireland in 1967. Many important races are held there; racing takes place all year round, with about 22 meetings per year.

In 1941, Royal Air Force pilot Hugh Verity, who flew many secret agents at night into and out of farm fields in France, force-landed on the racecourse. He was interned briefly before escaping back to England.

The Leopardstown Hall of Fame honours famous Irish horse racing trainers, jockeys and horses, including Vincent O'Brien, Tom Dreaper, Pat Taaffe and Pat Eddery, Arkle, Dawn Run, Levmoss and Nijinsky.
Gonzanamá Canton
Gonzanamá is a canton in the Province of Loja, Ecuador. It is located in the south-east of the province, bordered by the cantons of Catamayo, Loja, Quilanga, Calvas, and Paltas.  It is the "agricultural, farming, and craftsmanship capital of Loja."  Gonzanamá Canton covers 681.9 km2 at an altitude of 2,045 m, with a population of 12,247.  The principal town is Gonzanamá.

Catamayo Canton
Catamayo Canton is a canton of Loja Province in Ecuador. Its seat is Catamayo. It is located in the north of the province, bordered by the cantons of Loja, Gonzanamá, Olmedo, and Chaguarpamba.  In it is located the largest and most fertile valley of the province, and is the location of the Monterrey Sugar Cane Processing Plant, a major sugarcane operation which is a financial boon to the province and country.  The town of La Toma in Catamayo is the seat of the city of Loja's airport.
2011 GP Ouest-France
The 2011 GP Ouest-France was the 75th edition of the GP Ouest-France, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 28 August 2011, over a distance of 248.3 km (154.3 mi), starting and finishing in Plouay, France. It was the 23rd event of the 2011 UCI World Tour season.

Grega Bole, the Slovenian road race champion riding for the Lampre–ISD team, took the victory after an attack within the final 2 km (1.2 mi) of the race and managed to hold on to his advantage, as the rest of the field closed on him in the closing metres. Bole had been part of an eight-man breakaway, and held off Simon Gerrans – the winner of the race in 2009 – who took second place for Team Sky, while another previous race winner, Thomas Voeckler – the winner in 2007 – completed the podium for Team Europcar.

2009 GP Ouest-France
The 2009 GP Ouest-France was a one-day road race which took place on 23 August 2009 in Plouay, France. The race was held over 229 kilometres (142 mi), which is 12 laps of a circuit. 2009 was the fifth time that the race has been part of the UCI ProTour, but the race can be dated back to 1931 at its present location. The race was won by the Australian Simon Gerrans, his first victory in a major one-day race. Frenchman Pierrick Fédrigo came in second, with Paul Martens of Germany coming in third. Gerrans won a sprint from a five-man breakaway group which also included Anthony Roux of France and Dan Martin of Ireland.