hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Outline of Zambia
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zambia:

Zambia – landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa. Zambia has been inhabited for thousands of years by hunter-gatherers and migrating tribes. After sporadic visits by European explorers starting in the 18th century, Zambia was gradually claimed and occupied by the British as protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century. On 24 October 1964, the protectorate gained independence with the new name of Zambia, derived from the Zambezi river which flows through the country. After independence the country moved towards a system of one party rule with Kenneth Kaunda as president. Kaunda dominated Zambian politics until multiparty elections were held in 1991.

The Africa House
The Africa House is a 1999 biography by British journalist and writer Christina Lamb. The book is subtitled The True Story of an English Gentleman and His African Dream, and was published in London in 1999 by Viking Penguin.
Plants Plus
Plants Plus is an Australian marketing and buying group operated on behalf of independently owned garden centres, with 75 member nurseries across the country. Each member nursery pays an annual fee for membership. In return, they trade under the Plants Plus banner, sell Plants Plus branded garden products and participate in group purchasing and marketing schemes.

Garden centre
A garden centre (Commonwealth English spelling; U.S. nursery or garden center) is a retail business that primarily sells plants and related products for domestic gardening. Gardening centres usually revolve around outdoor home improvement and décor, selling anything from plants to outdoor ordainments.

It evolved from the concept of a retail plant nursery, offering a broader range of outdoor products and additional on-site facilities.

Today, garden centres typically source their plants from specialist nurseries rather than propagating them on-site. In addition to plants, garden centres may offer a variety of other products and services, including homeware, gifts, and cafes.
Arunachal Pradesh State Election Commission
Arunachal Pradesh State Election Commission is an autonomous and Constitutional body constituted in Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh for ensuring that elections in are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Arunachal Pradesh State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Arunachal Pradesh State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.

Elections in Arunachal Pradesh
Elections in Arunachal Pradesh are being conducted since 1977 to elect the members of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly and the members of the Lok Sabha. There are 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies and 2 Lok Sabha constituencies in the state.
Harpenden railway station
Harpenden railway station is on the Midland Main Line in England, serving the town of Harpenden, Hertfordshire. It is 24 miles 51 chains (39.7 km) down the line from London St Pancras and is situated between St Albans City to the south and Luton Airport Parkway to the north. Its three-letter station code is HPD.

The station is served by Govia Thameslink-operated trains on the Thameslink route.

Sutton railway station (London)
Sutton railway station (sometimes referred to as Sutton (Surrey) on tickets and timetables) is in the London Borough of Sutton in South London and is the main station serving the town of Sutton. It is served by Southern and Thameslink trains, and lies in London fare zone 5, 14 miles 75 chains (14.94 miles, 24.04 km) down the line from London Bridge, measured via Forest Hill.
Shatuo Township, Sichuan
Shatuo (Mandarin: 沙沱乡) is a township in Leibo County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. In 2010, Shatuo Township had a total population of 2,518: 1,311 males and 1,207 females: 713 aged under 14, 1,586 aged between 15 and 65 and 219 aged over 65.

Leibo County
Leibo County (Chinese: 雷波县, Yi: ꃀꁧꑤ) is a mountainous county of southern Sichuan province, China, along the border with Yunnan. It is under the administration of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and has a population of 223,000, 91% of whom are agricultural, residing in an area of 2,932.46 square kilometres (1,132.23 sq mi); the Yi are the largest ethnic group, forming 45% of the population. Ayi Jihu, a singer signed to British company Shlepp Records, is from Leibo County.
Breakneck: China's Quest to Engineer the Future
Breakneck: China's Quest to Engineer the Future is a nonfiction book by Dan Wang published by W. W. Norton & Company in August 2025. The book examines China's growing technological and geopolitical profile, contrasting it with the United States under the thesis that "America is run by lawyers, and China is run by engineers".

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Amanoa
See also Queen Amanoa, a fictional character from the Star Wars expanded universe.

Amanoa is a genus from the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1775. It is native to South America, Central America, the West Indies, and tropical Africa.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera:  Bridelia Cleistanthus Gonatogyne Pentabrachion Richeria

Bridelia
Bridelia is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1806. It is widespread across Africa, Australia, southern Asia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Bridelia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus.

The genus Bridelia was named in the honor of Samuel Elisée Bridel-Brideri by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow.
WGOP
WGOP (540 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Pocomoke City, Maryland, United States, airing a classic hits format. It is owned by The Waters Group, LLC, and is also broadcast over low-power translator W293DN (106.5 FM).

WGOP began broadcasting as WDVM on August 1, 1955, changing to WDMV in 1959. The station was a Top 40 outlet until switching to country music in 1980. In later years, it offered oldies music and sports talk programming. On August 18, 2022, the station was destroyed in an accidental fire; it was sold a year later.

Pocomoke City, Maryland
Pocomoke City, dubbed "the friendliest town on the Eastern Shore", is a city in Worcester County, Maryland, United States. Although renamed in a burst of civic enthusiasm in 1878, the city is regularly referred to by its inhabitants simply as Pocomoke /ˈpoʊkoʊmoʊk/. The population was 4,295 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.  Pocomoke City is a center for commerce on the lower shore, home to an industrial park currently playing host to defense contractors, aerospace engineering, and plastics fabrication. Pocomoke City is located near the Wallops Island Flight Facility in Wallops Island, Virginia.
Rådande
Rådande or löfjerskor are tree spirits in Swedish faerie mythology, similar to the dryads and hamadryads of Greek and Roman mythology.

In Swedish folklore, a rå is a spirit connected to a place, object or animal; examples are the skogsrå (a forest being) and sjörå (a water being). Thus, the word rådande or råande may derive from rå and ande, "spirit". It may also be a corruption of trädande (plural trädandar), meaning tree spirit). Rå and råd-ande (with a hyphen) are attested in Jacob Mörk's political satire novel "Adalriks och Göthildas Äfventyr" published in Stockholm in 1742.

Benjamin Thorpe translates rådande as "elf" and identifies them with löfjerskor, or grove-folk. He explains that sacred groves were supposed to be protected by deities. A tree that grew unusually fast was a "habitation-tree" or boträd, and an invisible Radande was believed to live in its shade, rewarding those who cared for the tree and punishing any who harmed it.

Sjörå
The sjörå (in Swedish), (lake Rå) or the Sjöfru (Mistress of the Lake) was a mythical creature of the lake, or Rå, in Swedish folklore. She is a female, humanoid water spirit. She is a  seductive creature, often featured sitting and combing her long, sweeping hair with delight, and often lures and drowns men who are unkind, unfaithful or otherwise disrespectful to her or the lake. Like all other rå (keepers) she protects her domain and awards those kind to her with prosperous fishing, good luck and saves them from drowning. In wintertime she would sometimes stick her hand up from the waters. If the visitor then gave her a mitten she would thank him for his kindness with gifts or protect him in his time of need.
Hemoglobin D-Punjab
Within the medical specialty of hematology, Hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago, is a hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. It is so named because of its higher prevalence in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, along with northern China, and North America. It is also the most frequent hemoglobin variant in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, with a 1997 study indicating that Hemoglobin D-Punjab accounts for 55.6% of the total hemoglobin variants.

Hemoglobin D is a result of a mutation in the one or both of the Beta-chains that make up hemoglobin molecules.  Having one gene effected is referred to as trait; having two is referred to as homozygous "disease" although the symptoms of this disease are mild.

Human β-globin locus
The human β-globin locus is a cluster of genes located on chromosome 11. It is responsible for creating the β-chains found in hemoglobin. This cluster consists of 5 genes: ϵ, Gγ, Aγ, δ, and β genes, that respective order downstream. These genes are controlled by a locus control region (LCR) and are differentially expressed throughout development. Expression of these genes is regulated in embryonic erythropoiesis by many transcription factors, including KLF1, which is associated with the upregulation of adult hemoglobin in adult definitive erythrocytes, and KLF2, which is vital to the expression of embryonic hemoglobin.
Porohanon language
Porohanon is a regional Bisayan language spoken in the Camotes Islands in the province of Cebu in the Philippines. Its closest relatives are Hiligaynon, Capiznon and Masbateño; it is barely intelligible with Cebuano though it shares 87% of its vocabulary with it and even less intelligible with Waray. It also retains many older features that Cebuano has lost, such as the use of the genitive marker ahead of the second member of a compounded form, the distinction between a definite and indefinite subject marker, and the distinction between a definite genitive marker and a locative one.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
Bangladesh–Canada relations
Foreign relations between Bangladesh and Canada were established in 1972. Canada is represented through its high commission in Dhaka, and Bangladesh is through its high commission in Ottawa. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Bangladesh receives ~$110 million from Canadian official development assistance per year as of January 2014. It is estimated that around 36,000 (2012) Bangladeshi people live in Canada, primarily in cities like Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, and Ottawa.

Headgear
Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types. Headgear is worn for many purposes, including protection against the elements, decoration, or for religious or cultural reasons, including social conventions.
2006 Speedway World Cup
The 2006 Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the 6th FIM Speedway World Cup season. The Final took place on 22 July 2006 in the Smallmead Stadium in Reading, Berkshire, England. The tournament was won by Denmark (45 pts) and they beat Sweden (37 pts), host team Great Britain (36 pts) and Australia (35 pts) in the Final. The defending champion Poland did not qualify to the Final.

Speedway World Cup
The Speedway World Cup is a motorcycle speedway event for national teams held in different countries. The first edition of the competition in the current format was held in 2001 and replaced the old World Team Cup which ran from 1960 until 2000. The competition was held annually until 2017 when it was replaced by the Speedway of Nations pairs event. The Speedway World Cup returned in 2023 and will be held every three years.
Presidential reorganization authority
Presidential reorganization authority is a term used to refer to a major statutory power that has sometimes been temporarily extended by the United States Congress to the President of the United States. It permits the president to divide, consolidate, abolish, or create agencies of the U.S. federal government by presidential directive, subject to limited legislative oversight. First granted in 1932, presidential reorganization authority has been extended to nine presidents on 16 separate occasions. As of 2024, it was most recently granted to Ronald Reagan.

Presidential reorganization authority is designed to allow periodic refinement of the organizational efficiency of the government through significant and sweeping modifications to its architecture that might otherwise be too substantial to realistically implement through a parliamentary process.

2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization
In March 2025, a reorganization of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) was announced.  The planned reorganization includes several organizational changes, including merging five existing agencies into a new Administration for a Healthy America, reorienting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention towards infectious disease programs, and breaking up the Administration for Community Living.  In addition, the plan proposes a reduction in workforce totalling about 20,000 full-time employees throughout HHS through multiple avenues, with the greatest relative reductions to the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which are each expected to reduce their workforce by 20%.
Korean Arts High School
Korean Arts High School (Korean: 한국예술고등학교) is a private arts high school located in Hongik-dong, Seongdong District, Seoul, South Korea.

The school was established in 1981, and provides education that includes general academic subjects, such as Korean language, English, mathematics, and social studies.

Seongdong District
Seongdong District (Korean: 성동구; RR: Seongdong-gu) is one of the 25 districts which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. It is situated on the north bank of the Han River. It is divided into 20 dong (neighbourhoods). The district is home to Hanyang University, one of the most prestigious universities in South Korea.
Alstom Coradia
The Alstom Coradia is a family of diesel multiple units, electric multiple units, and unpowered rail cars for intercity and regional service manufactured by Alstom, with variants operating in Europe, North America, and Africa.

Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ferroˈviːe dello ˈstaːto itaˈljaːne]; lit. 'Italian State Railways JSC'; previously only Ferrovie dello Stato, hence the initialism FS) is Italy's national state-owned railway holding company that manages transport, infrastructure, real estate services and other services in Italy and other European countries.
Wāng
Wāng (汪) is a Chinese surname. It was 104th of the Hundred Family Surnames poem, contained in the verse Yáo, Shào, Zhàn, Wāng (姚邵湛汪). In 2013, the Fuxi Cultural Association found the name to be the 60th most common in China, being shared by around 4.83 million people or 0.360% of the population, with the province with the largest population being Anhui. A study of the 2020 census found it to be the 59th most common surname in mainland China.

It is also Wong in Cantonese, Ong or Ang in Hokkien, Waung or Vong in American English, and Ō or Oh in Japanese. However, in Vietnamese, it is written Uông.
Wāng was listed by a 2007 NCIIS survey as the 58th most common surname in mainland China and by Yang Xuxian as the 76th most common surname in Taiwan.

Yao (surname)
Yao (Chinese: 姚; pinyin: Yáo), also romanized as Yiu in Cantonese, is one of the most ancient Chinese surnames, the  "Eight Great Xings of High Antiquity". It is also unique that, along with Jiang 姜 it is still in common use in the modern day.  It is listed 101st in the Hundred Family Surnames, and as the 51st most common surname in Mainland China.
Zaōnishiki Toshimasa
Zaōnishiki Toshimasa (3 September 1952 – 9 August 2020), birth name Toshimasa Adachi, was a sumo wrestler from Yamagata, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1970, and reached the top division in November 1976. His highest rank was maegashira 1. He retired in January 1983 and served as an elder in the Japan Sumo Association under several successive names. He reached the retirement age for elders of 65 in September 2017, but stayed with the Sumo Association for an additional two years as a consultant.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Aire Gap
Aire Gap is a pass through the Pennines in England formed by geologic faults and carved out by glaciers. The term is used to describe a geological division, a travel route, or a location that is an entry into the Aire river valley.

Millstone Grit
Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles. The name derives from its use in earlier times as a source of millstones for use principally in watermills. Geologists refer to the whole suite of rocks that encompass the individual limestone beds and the intervening mudstones as the Millstone Grit Group. The term Millstone Grit Series was formerly used to refer to the rocks now included within the Millstone Grit Group together with the underlying Edale Shale Group.

The term gritstone describes any sandstone composed of coarse angular grains, and specifically refers to such sandstones within the Pennines and neighbouring areas of Northern England.
Ahriche
In Moroccan cuisine, Ahriche (ⴰⵃⵔⵉⵛ) is a dish eaten by the tribes of Zayanes and Khénifra. The name is derived from the Berber word for stick; this is in reference to the dish's manner of cooking. It is a dish of tripe usually consisting of ganglion, caul, lung or heart of an animal wound with intestines on a stick of oak and cooked on hot coals.

Moroccan cuisine
Moroccan cuisine (Arabic: المطبخ المغربي) is the cuisine of Morocco, fueled by interactions and exchanges with many cultures and nations over the centuries. Moroccan cuisine is usually a mix of Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Mediterranean and African cuisines, with minimal European (French and Spanish) influences. Traditional communal eating habits and ceremonial tea service are central to social gatherings. Like the rest of the Maghrebi cuisine, Moroccan cuisine has more in common with Middle Eastern cuisine than with the rest of Africa.

According to Moroccan chef and cuisine researcher Hossin Houari, the oldest traces of Moroccan cuisine that can still be observed today go back to the 7th century BC.
Thomas Mein
Thomas Mein (born 12 January 1999) is a British cyclist who currently rides for Hope Factory Racing in cyclo-cross and mountain biking. His most notable achievements are winning the under-23 men's race at the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup in Tábor, Czech Republic in November 2019, and winning the British National Cyclo-Cross Championships in 2022.

Koppenbergcross
The Cyclo-cross Koppenberg is a cyclo-cross race held since 1988 in Oudenaarde, Belgium, and is part of the Cyclo-cross Trophy. The cyclo-cross race uses the Koppenberg climb that has been used many times in the Belgian Classic the Tour of Flanders. This is a very steep and cobbled climb that is part of the course of which the riders do eight laps. Fifteen thousand spectators were reported to have watched the 2006 edition of the event which was won by Belgian Sven Nys.

In the 2021 the women edition was renamed the G.P. Jolien Verschueren.
Zahran tribe
Zahran (Arabic: زهران), also known as Banū ʿZahrān ibn Kaʿab, is one of the oldest Arabian tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. It is regarded as one of the largest tribes in Al Bahah Province.

Al Baha is the homeland of Zahran and Ghamid. However, many tribes that descend from Zahran and Azd settled in Oman  and Tanukh under leadership of Malik bin Fehm in the 3rd century. Oman's modern royal family, Al Said, is said to descend from Zahran through Malik ibn Fehm. Moreover, many currently live in Mecca, Jeddah, Riyadh, and Dammam due to large migration from villages and small cities during the 1960s and 1970s in search of a better life.

Zahran is a well-known tribe before and after Islam. Many of them left their houses, homes, and relatives and joined the Prophet Muhammad in Medina.

First Saudi state
The first Saudi state (Arabic: الدَّوْلَةُ السُّعُودِيَّةُ الْأُولَىٰ, romanized: ad-dawla as-suʿūdiyya al-ʾūlā), officially the Emirate of Diriyah (Arabic: إمارة الدرعية, romanized: ʾimāra ad-dirʿiyya), was a polity that existed on the Arabian Peninsula between 1744 and 1818. The emir of a Najdi town called Diriyah, Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin, and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab signed a pact founding a socio-religious reform movement that propagated the Wahhabi religious doctrine under the political leadership of the House of Saud.