hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piper PA-42 Cheyenne
The Piper PA-42 Cheyenne is a twin engine turboprop aircraft built by Piper Aircraft. The PA-42 Cheyenne is a larger development of the earlier PA-31T Cheyennes I and II (which are, in turn, turboprop developments of the PA-31 Navajo).

Honeywell TPE331
The Honeywell TPE331 (military designation: T76) is a turboprop engine. It was designed in the 1950s by Garrett AiResearch, and produced since 1999 by its successor Honeywell Aerospace. The engine's power output ranges from 575 to 1,650 shaft horsepower (429 to 1,230 kW).
Vipsania gens
The gens Vipsania or Vipsana was an obscure plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens appear in history, although a number are known from inscriptions.  By far the most illustrious of the family was Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a close friend and adviser of Augustus, whom the emperor intended to make his heir.  After Agrippa died, Augustus adopted his friend's sons, each of whom was considered a possible heir to the Empire, but when each of them died or proved unsuitable, Augustus chose another heir, the future emperor Tiberius.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
İsmail Hakkı Karadayı
İsmail Hakkı Karadayı (25 April 1932 – 26 May 2020) was a Turkish general, who became the 35th Commander of the Turkish Land Forces on 30 August 1993. He served between 1994 and 1998 as the 22nd Chief of the Turkish General Staff for a four-year term and was succeeded by General Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu. On 13 April 2018, a Turkish court sentenced him to life imprisonment for his role in the 1997 Turkish military memorandum. During his General Staff, the Turkish army carried out Operation Steel, Dawn and Hammer against the PKK in Northern Iraq.

Chief of the Turkish General Staff
The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanı) is the chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri). He is appointed by the President of Turkey, who is the commander-in-chief. The position dates to the period of the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the Turkish War of Independence. The post has its own rank insignia, which is the OF-9 (full General or Admiral of the Turkish Armed Forces) rank of the Chief of Staff's personal service branch surrounded by laurel wreaths. In practice, the position has always been held by a Turkish Land Forces officer.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu, since 5 August 2025.
Manchukuo yuan
The Manchukuo yuan (Chinese: 滿洲國圓, Mǎnzhōuguóyuán) was the official unit of currency of the Empire of Manchuria, from June 1932 to August 1945.

The monetary unit was based on one basic pure silver patron of 23.91 grams. It replaced the Chinese Haikwan tael, the local monetary system in common and regular use in Manchuria before the Mukden Incident, as legal tender.

Jiao (currency)
A jiao (/dʒaʊ/ JOW; Chinese: 角, or in Wade–Giles, chiao), or mao (Chinese: 毛) (Cantonese: hou [Chinese: 毫]), is a unit of currency used in China, including the Mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao. One jiao is equal to 1⁄10 of a yuan or 10 fēn (分).
Ministry of Energy (Chile)
The Ministry of Energy (Spanish: Ministerio de Energía) is an entity created during the late part of the first presidency of Michelle Bachelet (2006−2010) after the releasing of the N°20.402 Decrete of Law on 1 February 2010.

Since that date, the current minister was separated from the Ministry of Mining. Its current minister is Diego Pardow Lorenzo.

Ministry of Mining (Chile)
The Ministry of Mining (Spanish: Ministerio de Minería) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of matters related to mining in Chile. The minister of mining in Chile is also the board president of the National Mining Enterprise (ENAMI).

The mining sector contributed 16.4% of Chile's gross domestic product in 2009, 14,157 billion pesos, mostly from copper mining.

In March 2022, President Gabriel Boric named Marcela Hernando Minister of Mining (Spanish: Ministro de Minería). He was replaced in August 2023 during a cabinet reshuffle with Aurora Williams.
Internal globus pallidus
The internal globus pallidus (GPi or medial globus pallidus) is one of the two subcortical nuclei that provides inhibitory output in the basal ganglia, the other being the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Together with the external globus pallidus (GPe), it makes up one of the two segments of the globus pallidus, a structure that can decay with certain neurodegenerative disorders and is a target for medical and neurosurgical therapies.  The GPi, along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata, comprise the primary output of the basal ganglia, with its outgoing GABAergic neurons having an inhibitory function in the thalamus, the centromedian complex and the pedunculopontine complex.

Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the  substantia nigra pars compacta.

Although the substantia nigra appears as a continuous band in brain sections, anatomical studies have found that it actually consists of two parts with very different connections and functions: the pars compacta (SNpc) and the pars reticulata (SNpr). The pars compacta serves mainly as a projection to the basal ganglia circuit, supplying the striatum with dopamine. The pars reticulata conveys signals from the basal ganglia to numerous other brain structures.
1999 FAI 1000
The 1999 FAI 1000 was an endurance race for V8 Supercars. The event was held on 14 November 1999 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia and was the thirteenth and final round of the 1999 Shell Championship Series.  It was the first year that the traditional spring endurance race at Bathurst was part of the Australian Touring Car Championship.

The race was the third running of the "Australia 1000", first held after the organisational split over the Bathurst 1000 that occurred in 1997. 1999 was the 37th consecutive year in which a touring car endurance race was held at the Mount Panorama Circuit and the event was the 42nd race that traces its lineage back to the 1960 Armstrong 500 held at Phillip Island.

The event's naming rights sponsor was FAI Insurance.

1999 Shell Championship Series
The 1999 Shell Championship Series was a motor racing series for V8 Supercars which began on 28 March 1999 at Eastern Creek Raceway and ended on 14 November at the Mount Panorama Circuit after 13 rounds. The Australian Touring Car Championship was renamed for 1999 in what was essentially a marketing decision, however the winner of the newly named series was also awarded the 1999 Australian Touring Car Championship title by CAMS. 1999 was the first season since 1977 in which the longer distance, endurance race events were included in the championship. For the first time in the championship's history, tyres supplied by Bridgestone specified for all cars.

The series was won by Craig Lowndes of the Holden Racing Team.
Wierland County
Wierland County (German: Kreis Wierland or Wierlandischer Kreis, Estonian: Viru kreis, Russian: Vezenbergsky uyezd, Russian: Везенбергскій/Вирляндскій уѣздъ, romanized: Vesenbergskiy/Virlyandskiy uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate (in present-day northeastern Estonia). Its capital was Rakvere (Wesenberg). The territory of Wierland County corresponds to most parts of present-day Ida-Viru and Lääne-Viru counties and a small part of Jõgeva County.

Rakvere
Rakvere is the administrative center, or county seat, of Lääne-Viru County in northern Estonia, about 100 km southeast of Tallinn and 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. In 2022, Rakvere was one of 10 ACES European Towns of Sport. In 2023, Rakvere won the Green Destinations' Silver Award after having been selected in 2021 as part of the Top 100 Destination Sustainability Stories.

Rakvere boasts a distinctive architectural feature: the Rakvere door. Reflecting German baroque cabinets of the 17th and 18th centuries and the expressionist style of the 1920s, the wooden Rakvere door has a pointed, raised rectangle in the center. In 2023, there were 15 Rakvere doors on 13 houses.
Nahid Hasan
Nahid Hasan is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was also a member of the 16th and 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. Hasan represents the Kairana constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Walchensee (hamlet)
Walchensee is a small fishing village in the Kochel municipality (Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Upper Bavaria) at a height of 803 metres and a population of 250 plus tourists. It is located directly on the western banks of the Lake of the same name.

Human settlement begun around 1130 by erection of a house for fishermen.

The federal highway Bundesstraße 11 runs through the town which is heavily visited by tourists (outdoor recreation). The nearest train station is Kochel a. See (11.2 km) which is connected by bus (line # 9608 by Regionalverkehr Oberbayern / DB Oberbayernbus). The aerial tramway Herzogstand Cable Car starts here.

Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen
Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen (Bavarian: Bad Däiz-Woifradshausn) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) Austria and the districts of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Weilheim-Schongau, Starnberg, Munich and Miesbach.
Skarrild
Skarrild is a village (Danish: landsby) in Herning Municipality (Danish, kommune) in Central Denmark Region (Danish, Region Midtjylland), a part of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.  It is notable as the location of the Danish Blues Guitar Festival and a memorial to RAF flyers who died there in 1944.

In 1944, it was the site of a deadly air skirmish during World War II near its Romanesque church, at which there is a memorial to the Royal Air Force fliers who died there.  On 27 August 1944, a seven-member RAF crew in a Lancaster ME650 from East Kirkby were killed in a crash when a German plane shot it down.

The Danish Folk, Blues, and Ragtime Guitar Festival in Skarrild attracts many international entertainers, including Thomasina Winslow.

Herning Municipality
Herning Municipality (Danish: Herning Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in western Denmark. The municipality covers an area of 1,322.87 km2 (510.76 sq mi) and has a population of 90,006 (1 January 2025). Its mayor is Dorte West, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party.

The main town and the site of its municipal council is the Town of Herning.
Beiarn Municipality
Beiarn is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. Beiarn is also a part of the Bodø Region, a statistical metropolitan region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Moldjord. Other villages in Beiarn are Høyforsmoen, Trones, and Tverrvika.

The 1,222-square-kilometre (472 sq mi) municipality is the 88th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Beiarn Municipality is the 333rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,062. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Bodø Region
The Bodø Region (Norwegian: Bodøregionen) is a metropolitan region in Nordland county in northern Norway, centered on the town of Bodø. Before 1 January 2005, Skjerstad Municipality was part of the region, but it has since merged into Bodø Municipality. There are several "city regions" that the government has declared in Norway. The population figures are per 01.01.2014

In addition to these areas in the "official" region, many people in neighboring Fauske Municipality commute daily to Bodø.
Shewanella aquimarina
Shewanella aquimarina is a slightly halophilic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus Shewanella which has been isolated from water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

Shewanella
Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae. Some species within it were formerly classed as Alteromonas. Shewanella consists of facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods, most of which are found in extreme aquatic habitats where the temperature is very low and the pressure is very high. Shewanella bacteria are a normal component of the surface flora of fish and are implicated in fish spoilage. Shewanella chilikensis is a species of the genus Shewanella commonly found in the marine sponges of Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a widely used laboratory model to study anaerobic respiration of metals and other anaerobic extracellular electron acceptors, and for teaching about microbial electrogenesis and microbial fuel cells.
Government intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis
The government interventions during the subprime mortgage crisis were a response to the 2007–2009 subprime mortgage crisis and resulted in a variety of government bailouts that were implemented to stabilize the financial system during late 2007 and early 2008.

Governments intervened in the United States and United Kingdom and several other Western European countries, such as Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. In addition, global reform of the banking industry has been discussed to reduce speculation. Measures include a supertax on bankers' bonuses and a financial transaction tax.

Henry Paulson
Henry Merritt "Hank" Paulson Jr. (born March 28, 1946) is an American investment banker and financier who served as the 74th United States secretary of the treasury from 2006 to 2009. Prior to his role in the Department of the Treasury, Paulson was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of major investment bank Goldman Sachs.

He served as Secretary of the Treasury under President George W. Bush. Paulson served through the end of the Bush administration, leaving office on January 20, 2009. He is now the chairman of the Paulson Institute, which he founded in 2011 to promote sustainable economic growth and a cleaner environment around the world, with an initial focus on the United States and China. He also works as executive chairman of the global fund, TPG Rise Climate.
Edops
Edops ('swollen face') is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Carboniferous - Early Permian periods. Unlike more advanced temnospondyls of the time, such as Eryops, Edops exhibited an archaic pattern of palatal bones, and still possessed various additional bones at the back of the skull. Edopoids also had particularly big premaxillae (the bones that form the tip of the snout) and proportionally small external nostrils. Within the clade, the most basal member seems to be Edops from the Early Permian Archer City Formation of the US, a broad-skulled animal with large palatal teeth.

Edops was fairly big, at 2 metres (6.6 ft) in length. Fragmentary remains from the Viséan of Scotland appear to come from Edops or a close relative and hence predate the type Edops material of the Permian.

Eryops
Eryops (/ˈɛri.ɒps/; from Greek ἐρύειν, eryein, 'drawn-out' + ὤψ, ops, 'face', because most of its skull was in front of its eyes) is a genus of extinct, amphibious temnospondyls. It contains the type species Eryops megacephalus, the fossils of which are found mainly in early Permian deposits of the Texas Red Beds, and Eryops grandis from New Mexico. Fossils have also been found in late Carboniferous rocks from New Mexico and early Permian deposits of Oklahoma, Utah, the Pittsburgh tri-state region, and Prince Edward Island. Several complete skeletons of Eryops have been found in lower Permian rocks, but skull bones and teeth are its most common fossils.
1937 South American Basketball Championship
The 1937 South American Basketball Championship was the 5th edition of this tournament.  It was held in Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile and won by the host, Chile national basketball team.  A record 5 teams competed, including Peru in their first appearance.

South American Basketball Championship
The South American Basketball Championship, or FIBA South American Championship, was the main FIBA tournament for men's national teams from South America's region of FIBA Americas. The tournament was first played in 1930. The tournament often has been played biannually, but the last took place in 2016 as the 2018 edition in Osorno, Chile was cancelled. It has been largely supplanted by the FIBA AmeriCup.
Naldemedine
Naldemedine, sold under the brand name Symproic in the US and Rizmoic in the European Union, is a medication that is used for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults who have previously been treated with a laxative in the European Union, or to treat opioid induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain in the US. It is a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist and was developed by Shionogi. Clinical studies have found it to possess statistically significant effectiveness for these indications and to be generally well tolerated, with predominantly mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects. Effects indicative of central opioid withdrawal or impact on the analgesic or miotic effects of co-administered opioids have only been observed in a small number of patients.

Glucuronidation
Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids. These linkages involve glycosidic bonds.
Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Prince Frederick Emil August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (23 August 1800 in Kiel – 2 July 1865 in Beirut, Lebanon), usually simply known by just his first name, Frederick, Prince of Noer, was a prince of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and a cadet-line descendant of the Danish royal house.

He was the second and youngest son of Louise Auguste of Denmark and Frederik Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. As such, he was close to succeed in the Danish throne. He was the brother-in-law of King Christian VIII and nephew of King Frederik VI. His elder brother, Christian August II, succeeded in 1814 as the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

After his second, morganatic union in 1864, he renounced the rights of succession to House of Augustenburg. He was created Prince of Noer or Nør by Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria afterwards. He died in 1865 in Beirut.

House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
The House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Augustenborg) was a branch of the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg of the House of Oldenburg. The line descended from Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg. Like all of the secondary lines from the Sonderburg branch, the heads of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg were first known as Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein and Dukes of Sonderburg. The family took its name from its ancestral home, Augustenborg Palace in Augustenborg, Denmark.
Lotus 16
The Lotus 16 was the second single-seat racing car designed by Colin Chapman, and was built by his Lotus Cars manufacturing company for the Team Lotus racing squad. The Lotus 16 was constructed to compete in both the Formula One and Formula Two categories, and was the first Lotus car to be constructed for Formula One competition. Its design carried over many technological features of the first Lotus single-seater, the Lotus 12, as well as incorporating ideas which Chapman had been developing while working on the Vanwall racing cars. Indeed, such was the visual similarity between the Vanwall and Lotus 16 designs that the Lotus was often dubbed the "mini Vanwall" by the contemporary motor sport press. Although the Lotus 16 only scored five Formula One World Championship points in the three seasons during which it was used, its raw pace pointed the way for its more successful successors, the Lotus 18 and 21.

Lotus 21
The Lotus 21 was a Formula One racing car  designed by Colin Chapman. It was a mid-engined design using a tubular spaceframe structure skinned with fibreglass panels, of a more advanced build than seen in the Lotus 18. Powered by the 1.5-litre Coventry Climax FPF 4-cylinder engine, it used disc brakes all round.

Used by the works Lotus team and the privateer Rob Walker Racing Team in 1961, the 21 was the first works Lotus to win a Formula One Grand Prix, in the hands of Innes Ireland at the 1961 United States Grand Prix. (Previous victories were taken by Rob Walker's team). Customer teams continued to use it up to 1965. It was soon rendered obsolete by the Lotus 24 and the monocoque Lotus 25 introduced for the 1962 Formula One season.
Jannatah
Jannatah (Arabic: جناتة) is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) south of Bethlehem in the Bethlehem Governorate. Nearby villages include Hindaza in the north and Tuqu' to the south. It is situated 570 meters (1,870 ft) above sea level. The total land area is 11,901 dunams of which 319 constitute built-up area and 277 have been confiscated by the Israeli government for settlements and a military base. Much of the remainder is used for arable land.

Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem
The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ; Arabic: معهد الابحاث التطبيقية - القدس) is a Palestinian NGO founded in 1990 with its main office in Bethlehem in the West Bank. ARIJ is actively working on research projects in the fields of management of natural resources, water management, sustainable agriculture and political dynamics of development in the Palestinian Territories.