hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lewes Downs
Lewes Downs is a 165-hectare (410-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Lewes in East Sussex. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I and a Special Area of Conservation. Part of it is a national nature reserve, part is Malling Down nature reserve, which is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust, and part is Mount Caburn, an Iron Age hill fort which is a Scheduled Monument.

This south-facing slope on the South Downs is ecologically rich chalk grassland and scrub. Flora include the nationally rare early-spider orchid and it also has a diverse invertebrate fauna and an important breeding community of downland birds.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
2020 Macau Guia Race
The 2020 Macau Guia Race was the fifth edition of the Macau Guia Race under the TCR Regulations held at Guia Circuit in Macau on 19–22 November 2020. The race was contested with TCR touring cars and run in support of the 2020 edition of the Macau Grand Prix. The race also served as the final round of the 2020 TCR China Touring Car Championship.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this race was not held as planned, as part of the 2020 World Touring Car Cup, instead only serving as part of the local China championship.

2020 World Touring Car Cup
The 2020 World Touring Car Cup was the third season of the World Touring Car Cup and 16th overall of the series, which dates back to the 2005 World Touring Car Championship.

The drivers' championship was won by Yann Ehrlacher. The teams' championship was won by Cyan Racing Lynk & Co.
1st Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District
1st Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District (Chinese: 山东省军区独立第1师) was formed in August 1966. The division was composed of three infantry regiments (1st to 3rd) and an artillery regiment.

In October 1976 the division was renamed as Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District (Chinese: 山东省军区独立师) following 2nd Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District's disbandment.

The division was disbanded in October 1981.

2nd Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District
2nd Independent Division of Shandong Provincial Military District (Chinese: 山东省军区独立第2师) was a Chinese People's Liberation Army unit that was formed on August 3, 1966 from Public Security Contingent of Shandong province. The division was composed of four infantry regiments (4th to 7th).

The division was disbanded in October 1976.
Campanula latifolia
Campanula latifolia, the giant bellflower, is a species of bellflower in the family Campanulaceae. It is also known as the large campanula and the wide-leaved bellflower. It is native to Europe and western Asia and is widely grown as an ornamental plant.

Campanula
Campanula (/kæmˈpænjʊlə/) is the type genus of the Campanulaceae family of flowering plants. Campanula are commonly known as bellflowers and take both their common and scientific names from the bell-shaped flowers—campanula is Latin for "little bell".

The genus includes over 500 species and several subspecies, distributed across the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with centers of diversity in the Mediterranean region, Balkans, Caucasus and mountains of western Asia. The range also extends into mountains in tropical regions of Asia and Africa.

The species include annual, biennial and perennial plants, and vary in habit from dwarf arctic and alpine species under 5 cm high, to large temperate grassland and woodland species growing to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall.
Moita Bonita
Moita Bonita is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 11,348 (2020) and covers 96.53 km2 (37.27 sq mi). Moita Bonita has a population density of 120 inhabitants per square kilometer. Moita Bonita is located 64 km (40 mi) from the state capital of Sergipe, Aracaju. Riachuelo borders the municipalities of Itabaiana, Ribeirópolis, Nossa Senhora das Dores, Santa Rosa de Lima, and Malhador, all within the state of Sergipe.

Itabaiana
Itabaiana (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [itabaˈjɐnɐ]) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 96,142 (2020) and its area is 336.685 km2 (129.995 sq mi).

The municipality contains part of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park.

The city of Itabaiana has a museum of local history and art named the Museu Artístico E Histórico De Itabaiana, Antônio Nogueira.
Performance status
In medicine (oncology and other fields), performance status is an attempt to quantify cancer patients' general well-being and activities of daily life. This measure is used to determine whether they can receive chemotherapy, whether dose adjustment is necessary, and as a measure for the required intensity of palliative care. It is also used in oncological randomized controlled trials as a measure of quality of life.

Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, safety, security and freedom. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Health related QOL (HRQOL) is an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health.
Uranium(IV) compounds
Uranous is the chemical term for the reduced tetrapositive cation of uranium that exhibits the valence U4+. It is one of the two common ionic states of uranium found in nature, the other being the oxidised hexapositive ion called uranyl. Uranous compounds are usually unstable; they revert to the oxidised form on exposure to air.

Examples of these compounds include salts such as uranium tetrachloride (UCl4) and uranium tetrafluoride (UF4), which are important in molten salt reactor applications, and uranium dioxide (UO2), a common form of nuclear fuel.

The solvated U4+ ion is normally not present in water. Most of the compounds like UCl4 are better described with the covalent bond than an ionic bond.

Minerals containing the uranous ion are more subdued in colour, typically brown or black, and occur in reducing environments. Common uranous minerals include uraninite and coffinite.

Uranium tetrachloride
Uranium tetrachloride is an inorganic compound, a salt of uranium and chlorine, with the formula UCl4. It is a hygroscopic olive-green solid. It was used in the electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS) process of uranium enrichment.  It is one of the main starting materials for organouranium chemistry.
Shimon HaTzadik
Shimon HaTzadik (Hebrew: שמעון הצדיק) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem, established around the Tomb of Simeon the Just, after whom it was named. The neighborhood was established in 1890 and abandoned during the 1948 Palestine War. At the beginning of the new millennium after a long legal battle, Jewish residents settled down in the area near the Arab neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah.

Knesset Yisrael
Knesset Yisrael (Hebrew: כנסת ישראל, Ashkenazi pronunciation Knesses Yisroel, lit. "Community of Israel"), also known as Knesset, is the name of a group of three former courtyard neighborhoods in central Jerusalem. Known as Knesset Aleph, Knesset Bet, and Knesset Gimmel (or Old Knesset, Middle Knesset, and New Knesset), the housing project was planned by the Vaad HaKlali Knesset Yisrael (Central Committee of Knesset Yisrael) and funded by overseas Jewish donors. The houses were completed in stages from 1892 to 1926. Beneficiaries of the housing were poor Haredi Ashkenazi families and Torah scholars connected to the Central Committee kolel system. Today Knesset Yisrael is part of the Nachlaot neighborhood.
Timeline of tuition fees in the United Kingdom
Tuition fees in the United Kingdom were reintroduced for full-time resident students in 1998, as a means of funding tuition to undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities. Since their introduction, the fees have been reformed multiple times by several bills, with the cap on fees notably rising to £9,000 a year for the 2012-13 academic year.

Tuition fees in the United Kingdom
Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government of Tony Blair to help fund tuition for undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities; students were required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition.  However, only those who reach a certain salary threshold (£21,000) pay this fee through general taxation.

As a result of the devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, there are now different arrangements for tuition fees in each of the nations. The Minister of State for Universities has oversight over British universities and the Student Loans Company.
Edward Were
Edward Ash Were  (14 November 1846–8 April 1915)  was an Anglican suffragan bishop in the latter part of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th.

He was educated at Rugby School and New College, Oxford. After graduation, he was an Assistant Master at Winchester College for ten years before becoming Vicar of North Bradley in Wiltshire. After a spell as Chaplain to George Ridding, Bishop of Southwell he became the first, and long serving, Bishop of Derby (then a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Southwell). In 1909 in a sideways move he was translated to the Diocese of Lichfield to be their suffragan Bishop of Stafford. His son, who perished in the First World War, was also a distinguished clergyman.

Bishop of Stafford
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Stafford is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after Stafford, the county town of Staffordshire. The Bishop of Stafford has particular episcopal oversight of the parishes in the Archdeaconry of Stoke. Matthew Parker has been in post since 2021; the bishops suffragan of Stafford have been area bishops since the Lichfield area scheme was erected in 1992, presiding over the Stafford Episcopal Area, which is coterminous with the Archdeaconry of Stoke.
Omineca Arc
The Omineca Arc or Omineca Belt was a Jurassic through Cretaceous volcanic arc terrane in western North America, extending from Alaska through Yukon and British Columbia to Washington. The Omineca is bounded by the Foreland Belt to the east and the Intermontane Belt to the west. It is named after the Omineca Mountains of north-central British Columbia.

Terrane
In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/; in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.
David Dyzenhaus
Professor David Dyzenhaus FRSC (born 29 September 1957) is a South African-born, Canadian jurist who is currently Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, holding the Albert Abel Chair of Law.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
2021 Kremlin Cup – Men's doubles
Marcelo Demoliner and Matwé Middelkoop were the reigning champions from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but chose to compete with different partners. Demoliner played alongside Marcus Daniell, but lost in the first round to Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar.

Middelkoop teamed up with Harri Heliövaara to successfully defend the title, defeating Tomislav Brkić and Nikola Ćaćić in the final, 7–5, 4–6, [11–9].

2019 Kremlin Cup – Men's doubles
Austin Krajicek and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions, but chose to compete in Stockholm and Antwerp, respectively, instead.

Marcelo Demoliner and Matwé Middelkoop won the title, defeating Simone Bolelli and Andrés Molteni in the final,  6–1, 6–2.
Fireflood and Other Stories
Fireflood and Other Stories is the first collection of short work by Vonda N. McIntyre, published in hardcover by Houghton Mifflin in 1979 and reprinted in paperback by Timescape Books in 1981. UK editions were issued by Gollancz in 1980 and by Pan Books in 1982; it was also issued by the Science Fiction Book Club. Fireflood placed fifth in the annual Locus Poll for best collection.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Kanakapura
Kanakapura is a city in the Bengaluru South district of Karnataka on the banks of the Arkavathi river and the administrative center of the taluk of the same name. Its founder is Shrihan Kanaka Sigmanath, hence its name. Kanakapura is the largest cocoon silk producer in India. The Kaveri River flows around 21 km in Kanakapura Taluk. The city previously belonged to the Bangalore Rural District. It was formerly the largest constituency in the country.
(1,553 km2 [600 sq mi]). The Kodihalli Wildlife Range and Harohalli Wildlife Range are under its division. The Kaveri Wildlife Sanctuary consists of two main zones: the Sangam Wildlife Range and the Mugguru Wildlife Range.

National Highway 948 (India)
National Highway 948 (previously designated NH 209) is a highway in India which connects Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu with the city of Bengaluru. It is a spur road of National Highway 48. It passes through Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary. The road through the wildlife sanctuary is a single carriageway with two lanes, and it is narrow at many places. Wild animals can be spotted in this route. The movement of automobiles are not allowed from 8 P.M to 6 A.M through Dhimbam ghat (Bannari to Karappallam) stretch in this national highway. National Highway 948 passes through Sathyamangalam forests, which were the territory of the dreaded Bandit Veerappan. The alternate route for Night traffic is a 389 kilometres (242 mi) drive via Erode, Mettur Dam, Maheswara Hills, Kollegal & then to Bengaluru.
Potato filling
Potato filling is a Pennsylvania Dutch recipe combining mashed potatoes and bread, and either used as a stuffing or cooked separately as a casserole, sometimes in a pig stomach. Other ingredients used in its preparation may include butter, onion, parsley, eggs, milk, salt and pepper.

Stuffing
Stuffing, filling, or dressing is an edible mixture, often composed of herbs and a starch such as bread, used to fill a cavity in the preparation of another food item.  Many foods may be stuffed, including poultry, seafood, and vegetables.  As a cooking technique, stuffing helps retain moisture, while the mixture itself augments and absorbs flavors.

Poultry stuffing often consists of breadcrumbs, onion, celery, spices, and herbs such as sage, combined with the giblets. Additions in the United Kingdom include dried fruits and nuts (such as apricots and flaked almonds), and chestnuts.
Ischyrhiza
Ischyrhiza is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid ray from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian).

It had a large, toothed rostrum closely resembling that of a modern-day sawfish. Despite formerly being classified within a family of extinct sawfish-like rays known as Sclerorhynchidae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that Ischyrhiza, Schizorhiza, and Onchopristis form a distinct clade that groups closer with the extant family Rajidae, which contains the true skates, possibly rendering the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei paraphyletic.

Fossils of the genus have been found in Canada, the United States, the Aguja Formation of Mexico, the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, the Tamayama Formation of Japan, the Dukamaje Formation of Niger, the El Molino Formation of Bolivia, the Quiriquina Formation of Chile, and the Chota Formation of Peru.

Dukamaje Formation
The Dukamaje Formation is a geological formation in Niger and Nigeria whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. A wealth of Mosasaur fossils have also been recovered from this formation, particularly from the area around Mt. Igdaman.
Title of Godfrey of Bouillon
The title of Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre, has been ascribed to Godfrey of Bouillon in his role as the first Latin ruler of Jerusalem. In the aftermath of the First Crusade, there was disagreement among the clergy and secular leaders as the leadership of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. There was opposition to the naming of a king over the Holy City and the wearing of a crown in the city where Christ suffered with a crown of thorns. The original sources differ on the actual title assumed by Godfrey. However, it is generally accepted by most modern historians that, once Godfrey was selected to be leader, he declined to be crowned king instead taking the titles of prince (princeps) and advocate or defender of the Holy Sepulchre (advocatus Sancti Sepulchri).

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Sylvie Denis
Sylvie Denis (born 10 November 1963 in Talence) is a French science fiction writer. She is also a translator and co-edited the magazine "Cyberdreams."

A novelist, she won the Solaris Prize in 1988 for L'Anniversaire de Caroline, the Prix Rosny aîné in 2000 for Dedans, dehors and the Julia-Verlanger Prize in 2004 for Haute-École. She is also an essayist, critic, anthologist, translator and editor of Cyberdreams. She is considered by critics to be an important figure of French science fiction, both because of her many activities in the field and because of her commitment to science fiction that places great emphasis on the technosciences and their impact on human society.

Roland Charles Wagner
Roland C. Wagner (6 September 1960 – 5 August 2012) was a French writer of humorous science fiction. Since his professional debut in 1981, he had written around one hundred novellas and around fifty novels. He was the only writer to have received the Prix Rosny-Aîné seven times, as well as many other awards.
Chirality-induced spin selectivity
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) refers to multiple phenomena where the chirality of a chemical compound influences the spin of transmitted or emitted electrons. This effect was discovered by Ron Naaman and co-workers.

Experiments were able to demonstrate the effect in the form of polarization of electrons scattered from chiral molecules, spin-dependent transmission probabilities through layers of chiral molecules, spin-selectivity of electron-transport in a chiral medium and enantio-selectivity in chemical reactions induced by spin-polarized electrons.

Theoretical models were able to qualitatively explain the effect using spin-orbit coupling (SOC). But quantitatively, the predicted effect was always orders of magnitude smaller than what was measured in experiments. Whilst mechanism underlying CISS is not completely understood, a hybrid method comprising a film of pure gold with chiral molecules on it has produced results on par with the magnetic method.

Enantioselective synthesis
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."

Put more simply: it is the synthesis of a compound by a method that favors the formation of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that have opposite configurations at every chiral center. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ at one or more chiral centers.

Enantioselective synthesis is a key process in modern chemistry and is particularly important in the field of pharmaceuticals, as the different enantiomers or diastereomers of a molecule often have different biological activity.
2024 Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship
The 2024 Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship was the 13th edition of the AVC Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship, the volleyball championship of East Asia. It was held in Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong from 13 to 18 August 2024.

Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship
Asian Eastern Zonal Women's Volleyball Championship is an international volleyball competition in East Asia for national teams of the Eastern Asia Zonal Volleyball Association (EAZVA). Tournaments have been awarded every two years since 1998 until 2018. The current champion is China, which won its fifth title at the 2025 edition.