hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miss Universe Thailand 2012
The now-called Miss Universe Thailand 2012, formerly titled Miss Thailand Universe up until last year, the 13th Miss Universe Thailand pageant was held at Siam Pavalai Royal Grand Theatre, Siam Paragon in Bangkok, Thailand on 2 June 2012.  The contestants will camp in Phitsanulok. before flying back to Bangkok for the final stage. Chanyasorn Sakornchan, Miss Thailand Universe 2011, will crown her successor at the end of this event.

In the final round, broadcast live on Channel 5. Farida Waller, was crowned Miss Universe Thailand 2012 by Chanyasorn Sakornchan, Miss Thailand Universe 2011.

The winner will be the representative for Miss Thailand at the Miss Universe 2012 pageant in Las Vegas, United States and the 1st Runner-up participate in Miss Earth 2012 in Manila, Philippines.

Miss Universe 2012
Miss Universe 2012 was the 61st Miss Universe pageant, held at the PH Live at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on December 19, 2012.

At the conclusion of the event, the pageant was won by Olivia Culpo of the United States, who was crowned by Leila Lopes of Angola. It was the United States' first win in fifteen years, and its eighth win at the pageant.

There were contestants from eighty-nine countries and territories, three more than the previous year. It was hosted by Andy Cohen and Giuliana Rancic, with Jeannie Mai as backstage correspondent. American rock band Train and Australian musician Tim Omaji performed in this year's pageant.
2013 Quebec Men's Provincial Curling Championship
The 2013 Quebec Men's Provincial Curling Championship (also known as the Quebec Tankard) was held from January 21 to 27 at the Complexe Sportif Victoriaville in Victoriaville, Quebec. The winning team represented Quebec at the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier in Edmonton, Alberta.

Quebec Tankard
The Quebec Tankard (French: Tankard Québec), formerly the Quebec Men's Provincial Curling Championship is the Quebec provincial championship for men's curling. The tournament is run by Curling Québec, the provincial curling association. The winner represents Team Quebec at the Montana's Brier. The provincial champion receives the McIntyre Trophy.

A separate team represented Montreal until 1931.
2007 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2007 Italian Open (also known for 2007 Rome Masters and the sponsored name 2007 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was the 2007 edition of the Italian Open tennis tournament. The men's tournament was part of the 2007 ATP Masters Series and was held from 5 May until 13 May 2007.  The women's event was a 2007 WTA Tier I Series event and was held from 13 May until 20 May 2007.

Rafael Nadal was crowned champion for a record third consecutive year, and equalled Thomas Muster's overall record of three wins. Filippo Volandri, conqueror of Roger Federer, became the first Italian man to reach the semi-final stage since 1978, leaving Mara Santangelo as the only Italian among the winners for this year, triumphing in the women's doubles along with Nathalie Dechy of France.

Jelena Janković won her third title of the year after considering retirement during the previous year.

Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.
Slang terms for money
Slang terms for money often derive from the appearance and features of banknotes or coins, their values, historical associations or the units of currency concerned. Within a language community, some of the slang terms vary in social, ethnic, economic, and geographic strata but others have become the dominant way of referring to the currency and are regarded as mainstream, acceptable language (for example, "buck" for a dollar or similar currency in various nations including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria and the United States).

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
John T. Clark
John T. Clark was an American civil engineer and politician from Utica, New York.

He was Resident Engineer and Superintendent of Transportation of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad when on August 9, 1831, the first regular railway passenger service in the United States was begun and acted as conductor of the first journey of the train which was drawn by the DeWitt Clinton locomotive.

He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1854 to 1855, elected on the Whig ticket.

New York State Engineer and Surveyor
The New York State Engineer and Surveyor was a state cabinet officer in the State of New York between 1848 and 1926. During the re-organization of the state government under Governor Al Smith, the office was abolished and its responsibilities transferred to the New York State Department of Public Works, which in turn was absorbed by the New York State Department of Transportation in 1967.
South Nyack, New York
South Nyack (English pronunciation: /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York,  United States. It is located north of Grand View-on-Hudson, northeast of Orangeburg, east of Blauvelt State Park, south of Nyack and west of the Hudson River. The hamlet is the western terminus of the Tappan Zee Bridge. Its population was 3,510 at the 2010 census. The hamlet was formerly incorporated as a village from 1878 until 2022.

Upper Nyack, New York
Upper Nyack (pronounced /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ, NY-ak) is a village incorporated in 1872 in the town of Clarkstown, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of the village of Nyack, east of Valley Cottage, south of Rockland Lake State Park, and west of the Hudson River. The population was 2,063 at the 2010 census.

Upper Nyack has a Village Hall and a village law court, located in the same building on North Broadway. Upper Nyack is also home to the Empire Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, established in 1863, one of eight fire companies in the Nyack Joint Fire District.
Marino Capicchioni
Marino Capicchioni (28 June 1895 – 19 October 1977) was an Italo-Sammarinese musical instrument maker. Long based in Rimini, his instruments have been played by Salvatore Accardo, David Oistrach, Mstislav Rostropovich and Yehudi Menuhin, among others.

Quartetto Italiano
The Quartetto Italiano (English: Italian Quartet) was a string quartet founded in Reggio Emilia in 1945. They made their debut in 1945 in Carpi when all four players were still in their early 20s. They were originally named Nuovo Quartetto Italiano (to distinguish the ensemble from another "Quartetto Italiano", which had been founded at the beginning of the twentieth century by the violinist Remigio (Remy) Prìncipe) before dropping the "Nuovo" tag in 1951. They are particularly noted for their recording of the complete cycle of Beethoven string quartets, made between 1967 and 1975. The quartet disbanded in 1980.

The secretary and historian of the Quartet was Guido Alberto Borciani (Reggio Emilia, 20 October 1920 – 4 April 2008), brother of Paolo Borciani, the quartet's founder and player of the 1st violin part. A mechanical engineer and talented pianist, Guido Alberto founded in 1987 the Premio Paolo Borciani.
The Scrutineer and Berrima District Press
The Scrutineer and Berrima District Press was a newspaper published in Moss Vale, New South Wales, Australia from 1874 until 1949. It was also published as The Scrutineer and West Camden Advocate and The Scrutineer.

Trove
Trove is an Australian online library database owned by the National Library of Australia in which it holds partnerships with source providers National and State Libraries Australia, an aggregator and service which includes full text documents, digital images, bibliographic and holdings data of items which are not available digitally, and a free faceted-search engine as a discovery tool.
McCurdy Charter School
McCurdy Charter School (MCS) is a K–12 public school in the city of Española, New Mexico, United States, associated with a local United Methodist church. It was founded in 1912 as a mission school. The school colors are red and blue, and its mascot is the Bobcat.

Española, New Mexico
Española /ɛspənˈjoʊlə/ is a city primarily in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. A portion of the central and eastern section of the city is in Santa Fe County. Founded as a railroad village, it was named Española, with a post office established in 1881, and officially incorporated in 1925. It has been called the first capital city in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was at 10,526. Española is within the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area. The city is home to Northern New Mexico College.
HD 20781 e
HD 20781 e is a hot Neptune around the star HD 20781. The planet has a minimum mass of 14.03 Earth masses and it orbits with a semi-major axis of 0.3374 astronomical units and an orbital eccentricity of approximately 0.06. With the same composition as Neptune, it would have a radius of 3.79 times that of the Earth. With the same composition as Earth, it would have a radius of 2.08 times that of the Earth. It orbits near the inner edge of the habitable zone of HD 20781.

This planet was initially reported in a 2011 preprint, which referred to it as HD 20781 c. However, the 2017 paper (published in a journal in 2019) that confirmed the planet designated it HD 20781 e, using the c designation for a different, shorter-period planet.

Hot Neptune
A hot Neptune is a type of giant planet with a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus orbiting close to its star, normally within less than 1 AU. The first hot Neptune to be discovered with certainty was Gliese 436 b (Awohali) in 2007, an exoplanet about 33 light years away. Recent observations have revealed a larger potential population of hot Neptunes in the Milky Way than was previously thought. Hot Neptunes may have formed either in situ or ex situ.
Naim Audio amplification
Naim Audio is a specialist British manufacturer of high-end audio amplifiers well known for their self described qualities of "pace, rhythm and timing".

The company has a sui generis approach to audio design, ignoring specifications and power ratings as indicators of the quality of an amplifier.

Naim's approach includes, but is not limited to, absence of tone controls, the use of the DIN connectors instead of the RCA connector used almost everywhere in the home audio equipment industry, and reliance on over-engineered external power supply units (PSU) to deliver current for musical transients.

The company's two-channel NAP 250 amplifier made its début in 1975.

Naim Audio
Naim Audio is a British hi-fi manufacturer based in Wiltshire, United Kingdom.

The company was founded in 1973. Following a 2011 merger with French loudspeaker manufacturer Focal, Naim is owned by VerVent Audio Group.
2007 Colorado YWAM and New Life shootings
In the early hours of December 9, 2007, 24-year-old Matthew John Murray opened fire at the Youth With A Mission training center in Arvada, Colorado, killing two and wounding two others before escaping. Later that afternoon, he attacked the New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with a number of firearms, killing two more people and injuring three before being shot by Jeanne Assam, a member of the church's safety team. Murray then committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.

Bushmaster XM-15
The Bushmaster XM-15 series (or XM15) is a line of AR-15 style semi-automatic rifles and carbines manufactured by Bushmaster Firearms International, LLC. Variants include the Bushmaster M4-type Carbine, Patrolman series, QRC series, Bushmaster XM15-E2S, and the Carbon 15 line.
Daniel Henry Chamberlain
Daniel Henry Chamberlain (June 23, 1835 – April 13, 1907) was an American planter, lawyer, author and the 76th Governor of South Carolina from 1874 until 1876 or 1877. The federal government withdrew troops from the state and ended Reconstruction that year. Chamberlain was the last Republican governor of South Carolina until James B. Edwards was elected in 1974.

Skull and Bones
Skull and Bones (also known as The Order, Order 322 or The Brotherhood of Death) is an American undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Skull and Bones is considered one of the "Big Three" and "Ancient Eight" at Yale University. The oldest senior-class society at the university, Skull and Bones has become a cultural institution known for its powerful alumni and conspiracy theories.
Stefan de Vrij
Stefan de Vrij (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstefan də ˈfrɛi]; born 5 February 1992) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serie A club Inter Milan and the Netherlands national team.

De Vrij began his career at his local club VV Spirit, and debuted as a professional for Feyenoord at age 17. He spent five seasons at the Eredivisie club, serving briefly as captain, before joining Lazio in July 2014.

A full international since 2012, De Vrij has earned over 70 caps for the Netherlands. He was part of the Dutch team that finished third at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and was selected for the Castrol Performance Index Team of the Tournament. He also played at UEFA Euro 2020 and Euro 2024, reaching the semi-finals of the latter.

2009 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the eighth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship since it was renamed from the original under-16 event, in 2001. Germany hosted the championship, during 6 to 18 May 2009, in thirteen venues, and the final took place at the Stadion Magdeburg, in Magdeburg. 
Spain was the current title holder, having successfully defended its 2007 title.
The top 6 teams qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
National Federation of Entertainment, Cinema, Audiovisual and Cultural Action Unions
The National Federation of Entertainment, Cinema, Audiovisual and Cultural Action Unions (French: Fédération nationale des syndicats du spectacle de l'audiovisuel et de l'action culturelle, CGT Spectacle) is a trade union representing workers in the entertainment and media sectors in France.

The federation originated in 1902 as the Musicians' Federation, organised by Gustave Charpentier, and it affiliated to the General Confederation of Labour (CGT).  In 1909, it became the General Entertainment Federation, and then in 1914, the Federation of Entertainment Unions.  In 1921, its left wing joined the United General Confederation of Labour split, but returned in the mid-1930s.  This took membership from 8,000 to a claimed 14,000.

The union was banned during World War II, but reformed after the war, and in 1946 had 45,000 members.  In 1947, the right wing of the union left to join Workers' Force.

Confédération générale du travail unitaire
The Confédération générale du travail unitaire, or CGTU (English: United General Confederation of Labor), was a trade union confederation in France that at first included anarcho-syndicalists and soon became aligned with the French Communist Party. It was founded in 1922 as a confederation of radical unions that had left the socialist-dominated General Confederation of Labour (CGT), and in 1936 merged back into the CGT.
Kondratiev wave
In economics, Kondratiev waves (also called supercycles, great surges, long waves, K-waves or the long economic cycle) are hypothesized cycle-like phenomena in the modern world economy. The phenomenon is closely connected with the technology life cycle.

It is stated that the period of a wave ranges from forty to sixty years, the cycles consist of alternating intervals of high sectoral growth and intervals of relatively slow growth.

Long wave theory is not accepted by most academic economists. Among economists who accept it, there is a lack of agreement about both the cause of the waves and the start and end years of particular waves. Among critics of the theory, the consensus is that it involves recognizing patterns that may not exist (apophenia).

Technological revolution
A technological revolution is a period in which one or more technologies is replaced by another new technology in a short amount of time. It is a time of accelerated technological progress characterized by innovations whose rapid application and diffusion typically cause an abrupt change in society.
2007–08 NHL season
The 2007–08 NHL season was the 91st season of operation (90th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). It began on September 29, 2007, and the regular season ended April 6, 2008. The Stanley Cup playoffs ended on June 4, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins to win the Stanley Cup. The 56th NHL All-Star Game was held in Atlanta, Georgia, as the Atlanta Thrashers hosted the event at Philips Arena on January 27, 2008. The hosting by Atlanta was rescheduled from 2005, when a lockout cancelled the entire 2004–05 season.

State Farm Arena
State Farm Arena is a multi-purpose arena located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The arena serves as the home venue for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). It also served as home to the Atlanta Thrashers of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1999 to 2011, before the team moved to Winnipeg, as well as the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) from 2008 to 2016 and 2019, and the temporary home of Georgia Tech basketball in 2011. It opened in 1999 as Philips Arena at a cost of $213.5 million, replacing Omni Coliseum. It is owned by the Atlanta Fulton County Recreation Authority and operated by the Hawks, owned by Tony Ressler along with a group of investors including Grant Hill.
Feather duster
A feather duster is a cleaning tool that is typically made from a wooden dowel handle onto which feathers are wound with a wire. The feathers are most often 14 to 32 inches (36 to 81 cm) long.  Some dusters have a retractable casing instead of a dowel handle and these are typically used by rack-jobbers and truck drivers who need to clean store shelves, and can retract the feathers into the handle to avoid damage.

Feather dusters serve the same function as soft brooms or brushes, except that they are only meant to remove loose superficial dust from delicate surfaces (such as paintings and papercrafts) or around fragile items (such as porcelain and glassware).  They are effective in cleaning tight areas, or areas where there are many odds and ends. The individual feathers are flexible and can reach into gaps and crevices without disturbing the surrounding, and the tiny barbules on the feathers themselves that act as "fingers" to collect and remove dust particles.

Brush
A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals, heat or abrasion. It is used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up,   painting,  surface finishing and for many other purposes.   It is one of the most basic and versatile tools in use today, and the average household may contain several dozen varieties.
Orbitoclast
An orbitoclast was a surgical instrument used for performing transorbital lobotomies.

Because actual ice picks were used in initial experimentation and because of continued close resemblance to ice pick shafts, the procedure was dubbed "ice pick lobotomy".

Surgical instrument
A surgical instrument is a medical device used during surgery to perform specific actions, such as cutting, modifying tissue, or providing access for viewing. Over time, a broad spectrum of tools has been developed—some for general surgical use, others tailored to specialized procedures.

Classification systems help surgeons understand an instrument's function and appropriate usage. Innovation continues to drive the development of more precise, safer, and more effective instruments for modern surgery.
Yuriy Kalitvintsev
Yuriy Mykolayovych Kalitvintsev (Ukrainian: Юрій Миколайович Калитвинцев, Russian: Ю́рий Никола́евич Калитвинцев; born 5 May 1968) is a football manager and former player.

Born in Russia, Kalitvintsev became a naturalized Ukrainian after a spell with Dynamo Kyiv and represented the Ukraine national team.

Kalitvintsev coached Ukraine U-19 to victory during the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship.

His son Vladyslav is also a player, a midfielder for Desna Chernihiv.

Russian First League
The Russian First League (Russian: Первая лига, Pervaya liga), formerly called Russian First Division (Russian: Первый дивизион) and Russian Football National League (FNL) (Russian: Первенство Футбольной Национальной Лиги, Pervenstvo Futbol'noy Natsional'noy Ligi) is the second level of the Russian football league system.

The Russian Professional Football League (PFL) used to run the division. Since 2011, it has been managed by the Football National League.

The league consists of 18 clubs. After each season the two top clubs are promoted to the Premier League, and the bottom three clubs are relegated to the Second League. Third and fourth team play in home-and-away promotion play-offs against the 13th and 14th Premier League teams. Should one or more clubs not possess the required licence to participate for the upcoming season, the teams previously relegated are kept in the league instead, in the order of last season's standings.
Tejon Creek
Tejon Creek, originally in Spanish Arroyo de Tejon, is a stream in Kern County, California.  Its headwaters are located on the western slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains, and it flows northwest into the southern San Joaquin Valley.

Tehachapi Mountains
The Tehachapi Mountains (/təˈhætʃəpi/) are a mountain range in the Transverse Ranges system of California in the Western United States. The range extends for approximately 40 miles (64 km) in southern Kern County and northwestern Los Angeles County and form part of the boundary between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.
NGC 449
NGC 449 is a spiral galaxy of type (R')S? located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on November 11, 1881 by Édouard Stephan. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, very small, round, very little brighter middle, very faint star involved."

NGC 449 is an active galaxy, specifically a Seyfert galaxy. The supermassive black hole at the center of NGC 449 is 1.32×107 M☉, and matter from its accretion disk is currently accreting at a rate of 2.54×10−2 M☉ per year.

Pisces (constellation)
Pisces  is a constellation of the zodiac. Its vast bulk — and main asterism viewed in most European cultures per Greco-Roman antiquity as a distant pair of fishes connected by one cord each that join at an apex — are in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♓︎). Its name is Latin for "fishes". It is between Aquarius, of similar size, to the southwest and Aries, which is smaller, to the east. The ecliptic and the celestial equator intersect within this constellation, at the first point of Aries, and in Virgo, at the first point of Libra. The Sun passes directly overhead of the equator, on average, at approximately this point in the sky, at the March equinox.

The right ascension/declination 00 is located within the boundaries of Pisces.