hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panic of 1792
The Panic of 1792 was a financial credit crisis that occurred during the months of March and April 1792, precipitated by the expansion of credit by the newly formed Bank of the United States as well as by rampant speculation on the part of William Duer, Alexander Macomb, and other prominent bankers. Duer, Macomb, and their colleagues attempted to drive up prices of United States (U.S) debt securities and bank stocks, but when they defaulted on loans, prices fell, causing a bank run. Simultaneous tightening of credit by the Bank of the United States served to heighten the initial panic. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton was able to deftly manage the crisis by providing banks across the Northeast United States with hundreds of thousands of dollars to make open-market purchases of securities, which allowed the market to stabilize by May 1792.

Default (finance)
In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A national or sovereign default is the failure or refusal of a government to repay its national debt.

The biggest private default in history is Lehman Brothers, with over $600 billion when it filed for bankruptcy in 2008 (equivalent to over $860 billion in 2024). The biggest sovereign default is Greece, with $138 billion in March 2012 (equivalent to $197 billion in 2024).
1988–89 Robert Morris Colonials men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Robert Morris Colonials men's basketball team represented Robert Morris University in the 1988–89 NCAA Division I basketball season. Robert Morris was coached by Jarrett Durham and played their home games at the Charles L. Sewall Center in Moon Township, PA. The Colonials were members of the Northeast Conference. They finished the season 21–9, 12–4 in NEC play. They won the 1989 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They earned a 16 seed in the West Region and played top-ranked, No. 1 seed Arizona in the first round. The Colonials were beaten 94–60 to end their season.

Jarrett Durham
Jarrett M. Durham (born August 22, 1949) is an American former professional basketball player who spent one season in the American Basketball Association (ABA) with the New York Nets during the 1971–72 season. He was drafted in the fourth round (62nd) overall) from Duquesne University by the Detroit Pistons, whom he never played for. He played one game for the Nets. Durham is currently the color analyst for the Duquesne Dukes Basketball Team.

Durham played college basketball for Duquesne. He was later the head coach of  Robert Morris University men's basketball team.
Motteggiana
Motteggiana (Lower Mantovano: Munticìana or Moteciàna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Mantua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,629 and an area of 24.6 square kilometres (9.5 sq mi).

The municipality of Motteggiana contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Torricella and Villa Saviola.

Motteggiana borders the following municipalities: Borgo Virgilio, Pegognaga, San Benedetto Po, Suzzara, Viadana.

Pegognaga
Pegognaga (Lower Mantovano: Pigugnàga) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Mantua.
Kraftkar
Kraftkar is a Norwegian blue cheese originating from Tingvoll Municipality, Nordmøre. It is made from unskimmed cow's milk and cream, with injected culture of the mold Penicillium roqueforti.

The name Kraftkar (lit. 'strongman') relates to the legendary farmhand Tore Nordbø and his supernatural strength and size.

Blue cheese
Blue cheese or bleu cheese is any cheese made with the addition of cultures of edible molds, which create blue-green spots or veins through the cheese. Blue cheeses vary in flavor from mild to strong and from slightly sweet to salty or sharp; in colour from pale to dark; and in consistency from liquid to hard. They may have a distinctive smell, either from the mold or from various specially cultivated bacteria such as Brevibacterium linens.

Some blue cheeses are injected with spores before the curds form, and others have spores mixed in with the curds after they form. Blue cheeses are typically aged in temperature-controlled environments.
Manihiki (electorate)
Manihiki is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.  Its current representative is Henry Puna, who has held the seat since 2010.

The electorate consists of the island of Manihiki.

Manihiki
Manihiki is an atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands known informally as the "Island of Pearls". It is located in the Northern Cook Island chain, approximately 1,299 kilometres (807 mi) north of the capital island of Rarotonga, making it one of the most remote inhabitations in the Pacific Ocean. Its name has two possible meanings: It is believed that the original name of the island was Manuhiki, or Manuhikitanga inspired by the aboriginal discoverers, Manu coming from the word Rua Manu (a kind of canoe) and Hiki meaning ashore, so the literal translation would be canoe carried ashore. The second interpretation is that the original discoverers were from Manihi, an island in Tuamotus, so the name of the island would mean Little Manihi.
London Centre for the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology
The London Centre for the History of Science, Medicine and Technology was a partnership of two university departments in London, United Kingdom:

Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London

Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College London

Prior to 2010, it also included UCL Centre for the History of Medicine.

Its principal purpose was to deliver MSc programmes for these departments. These degrees included:

MSc in History of Science, Medicine and Technology

MSc in Science, Technology, Medicine and Society

The London Centre began in 1987. This partnership was dissolved and the London Centre closed in 2013 at the end of the 2012–13 academic session.

UCL Centre for the History of Medicine
The UCL Centre for the History of Medicine (UCLCHM) was an academic research and teaching centre for the history of medicine at University College London (UCL) in London. 
It succeeded the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. The UCLCHM was founded in 2011, and from September 2011, it took over some of the former staff of the Wellcome Trust Centre at UCL, including four emeritus academic staff, six teaching staff, and associated staff in a number of other UCL departments.

The centre was based in the UCL Medical Sciences Building in the main UCL campus on Gower Street in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the British Library and University College Hospital.
2019 Belarusian Super Cup
The 2019 Belarusian Super Cup was held on 2 March 2019 between the 2018 Belarusian Premier League champions BATE Borisov and the 2017–18 Belarusian Cup winners Dinamo Brest. Dinamo Brest won the match 3–1,  winning the trophy for the second time, following their first victory in the 2018 edition of the competition.

Belarusian Super Cup
The Belarusian Super Cup (Belarusian: Суперкубак Беларусі, romanized: Superkubak Belarusi) is an annual one-match association football competition in Belarus organized by the Football Federation of Belarus. This competition serves as the season opener and is played between the Belarusian Premier League Champions and the Belarusian Cup Winners of the previous season. If a single team holds both titles, the Cup runners-up are invited. The match usually played in late February or early March each year.
The Adventures of Buratino (1959 film)
The Adventures of Buratino (Russian: Приключе́ния Бурати́но; tr.:Priklyucheniya Buratino) is a 1959 Soviet traditionally animated feature film directed by the "patriarch of Russian animation", Ivan Ivanov-Vano, along with Dmitriy Babichenko and Mikhail Botov. It was produced at the Soyuzmultfilm studio in Moscow and is based on Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s The Golden Key, or Adventures of Buratino.

The film tells about the adventures of a small wooden puppet whose youngest viewers are familiar with the book where Carlo Collodi tells the adventures of Pinocchio. In fact, Burattino is a puppet in the first version of the novel.

Ivan Ivanov-Vano
Ivan Petrovich Ivanov-Vano (Russian: Иван Петрович Иванов-Вано; 8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1900 – 25 March 1987), born Ivanov, was a Soviet and Russian animation director, animator, screenwriter, educator, professor at Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). One of the pioneers of the Soviet animation school, he is sometimes called the "Patriarch of Soviet animation". He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1985.
Fannaråkbreen
Fannaråkbreen is a glacier in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It covers an area of about 6.2-square-kilometre (2.4 sq mi), and consists of three parts. The glacier covers the eastern and northern sides of the mountain of Fannaråki, and is located within the Jotunheimen National Park.

Fannaråki
Fannaråki is a mountain in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 2,068-metre (6,785 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen National Park, just south of the lake Prestesteinsvatnet and the Sognefjellsvegen road. This mountain is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the Skagastølstindane mountains (Storen, Vetle Skagastølstindane, Midtre Skagastølstindane, Sentraltind, Styggedalstindane, and Gjertvasstind).
Ritoznoj
Ritoznoj (pronounced [ˈɾiːtɔznɔi̯]; in older sources also Ritosnoj, German: Rittersberg) is a settlement in the foothills of the Pohorje range, just north of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region. It is best known for the local white wine known as Ritoznojčan, based on the Welschriesling grape variety.

Slovenska Bistrica
Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnska ˈbíːstɾitsa] ⓘ; German: Windisch-Feistritz) is a town south of Maribor in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica, one of the largest municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The town is included in the Drava Statistical Region. Together with neighboring Slovenske Konjice they form a regional centre of the Upper Dravinja valley and southern Pohorje, sometimes referred to as the Dravinja region (Dravinjska).
Tyrosine phosphorylation
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO3−4) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein. It is one of the main types of protein phosphorylation. This transfer is made possible through enzymes called tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key step in signal transduction and the regulation of enzymatic activity.

SH2 domain
The SH2 (Src Homology 2) domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins. SH2 domains bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on other proteins, modifying the function or activity of the SH2-containing protein.  The SH2 domain may be considered the prototypical modular protein-protein interaction domain, allowing the transmission of signals controlling a variety of cellular functions. SH2 domains are especially common in adaptor proteins that aid in the signal transduction of receptor tyrosine kinase pathways.
Bazaars in Karachi
There are bazaars in every neighborhood of Karachi, Pakistan. The most popular bazaars in Karachi are: Tariq Road, Bohri Bazaar, Soldier Bazaar, Sarafa Bazar, Meena Bazaar, Urdu Bazaar, etc. There are generally thousands of small individually-owned or family-owned shops and stalls in each old style Bazaar or shopping area. Only some of the newly built shopping malls in the suburban areas of city of Karachi may be managed by a large organization or a commercial company.

Saddar Town area is the old central shopping area in Karachi. Main streets for your shopping pleasure are Abdullah Haroon Road, Zaibunnisa Street, Zainab Market and Bohri Bazaar. For meats and groceries, you can head to the Empress Market. This is a vast Victorian structure in Mughal Gothic style, with a domineering 50 meters high clock tower in the front center of the building. Empress Market houses hundreds of shops and stalls so shoppers would have plenty of choice and a wide variety of consumer goods.

Zaibunnisa Street
Zaibunnisa Street or Elphinstone Street (former name) (Urdu: زیب النساء اسٹریٹ), is a thoroughfare and a shopping center in central Karachi, Pakistan that courses through Saddar, the city's colonial-era commercial centre.

It is widely understood to have been renamed after Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah, Pakistan's first woman editor and publisher, in 1970. However, some historians argue it was renamed after the Mughal princess Zeb-un-Nissa.
1925 All-Eastern football team
The 1925 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1925 college football season.

The undefeated 1925 Dartmouth Indians football team had four players who received first-team All-Eastern honors from at least one selector: halfback Andy Oberlander; end George Tully; tackle Nathan Parker; and guard Carl Diehl.

Five players received first-team All-Eastern honors and were also consensus first-team All-Americans: Oberander, Tully, and Diehl of Dartmouth; center Ed McMillan of Princeton; and tackle Ralph Chase of Pittsburgh.

Six of the All-Eastern honorees were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Oberlander; halfback Eddie Tryon of Colgate; fullback Andy Gustafson of Pittsburgh; end Vic Hanson of Syracuse; tackle Bud Sprague of Army; and guard Herbert Sturhahn of Yale.

Ralph Chase
Ralph E. "Horse" Chase (December 19, 1902 – October 24, 1989) was an American football tackle who played one season in the National Football League (NFL) with the Hammond Pros and Akron Indians. Chase played college football at the University of Pittsburgh and attended Wyoming Seminary in Kingston, Pennsylvania.  He was a consensus All-American in 1925.
Flexicrurum
Flexicrurum is a genus of spiders from China similar to the genera Althepus and Leclercera. Tong and Li originally placed the genus in Ochyroceratidae Still, Tong later moved it to Psilodercidae. Males are generally smaller than 2 mm, but the size of females is unknown. The name is derived from the Latin flex "curved", and crur "leg", referring to the inner turned palpal tibia of the male. As of 2019 three described species have been found in caves of Hainan Island.

Psilodercidae
Psilodercidae is a family of spiders first described as a subfamily of Ochyroceratidae by Machado in 1951 and raised to family rank by J. Wunderlich in 2008. These spiders can be distinguished by the "segestriid positioning" of their six eyes, the absence of leg bristles, strong apical bristles on the cymbium, and several pairs of spermathecae in females.

This family is relatively unstudied and may change as more information becomes available. In particular, Wunderlich remarked that Psiloderces is too broad and should be split into smaller, more distinct groups.
Graham Peak (Antarctica)
Graham Peak (66°46′S 50°58′E﻿ / ﻿66.767°S 50.967°E﻿ / -66.767; 50.967) is a peak about 7 nautical miles (13 km) east of Mount Riiser-Larsen in the northwestern part of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was plotted from air photos taken from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for N. Graham, a cook at Wilkes Station in 1960.

Mount Riiser-Larsen
Mount Riiser-Larsen (66°47′S 50°40′E﻿ / ﻿66.783°S 50.667°E﻿ / -66.783; 50.667) is a prominent mountain, 870 m, standing at the northwest end of the Tula Mountains on the east side of Amundsen Bay. It was named by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Mawson in January 1930 for Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen, the leader of a Norwegian expedition in the Norvegia which also explored the area in that season.
West Auckland railway station
West Auckland railway station served the villages of St Helen Auckland and West Auckland in County Durham, England, between 1833 and 1962. It was on the railway line between Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle. There was a locomotive depot, which was the only one to be both closed completely and later reopened by the London and North Eastern Railway.

NER Class P1
The NER Class P1 (LNER Class J25) was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotives of the North Eastern Railway. Class P1 was a development of Class P, having a boiler four inches longer, and a firebox six inches longer. To accommodate these, the wheelbase was increased by nine inches. The cylinder stroke was also increased by two inches. None survived into preservation.
BET Award for Sportsman of the Year
The BET Award for Sportsman of the Year is given to the best and most successful male athlete of the previous year. The award was originally titled Best Male Athlete, but was later changed to its current title in 2010. LeBron James holds the record for most wins in this category with nine.

BET Awards
The BET Awards are an American award show that was established in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television network to celebrate Black entertainers and other minorities in music, film, sports and philanthropy. The awards, which are presented annually, are broadcast live on BET. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by artists; some of the awards of more popular interest are presented in a televised ceremony.
W. P. Andrew Lee
Wei-Ping Andrew Lee (Chinese: 李為平; born c. 1957) is a Taiwanese-American hand surgeon and medical researcher. He is presently the Dean of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost of UT Southwestern Medical Center. Lee focuses on translational research on immune modulation for vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) and the implementation of protocols to minimize immunosuppression in hand transplant and other VCA programs.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Dirk Mudge
Dirk Frederik Mudge (16 January 1928 – 26 August 2020) was a Namibian politician. He served in several high-ranking positions in the South African administration of South West Africa, was the chairman of the 1975–1977 Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, and co-founded the Republican Party (RP) of Namibia as well as the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), now known as the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM).

At Namibian independence, Mudge was a member of the Constituent Assembly and 1st National Assembly until he retired in 1993. Mudge was the founder of Namibia's Afrikaans daily Die Republikein and its publisher Namibia Media Holdings. He served on the board of directors until 2008.

Clemens Kapuuo
Clemens Kapuuo (16 March 1923 – 27 March 1978) was a Namibian politician and traditional ruler who was paramount chief of the Herero people and leader of Hereroland, a bantustan, from 1970 until his 1978 assassination. He was the first president of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA; now the Popular Democratic Movement) and a leading opponent of South African apartheid rule of his country.

Kapuuo was related to Samuel Maharero and was also the blood nephew of Namibian nationalist leader Hosea Kutako.
Lower Bostraze and Leswidden SSSI
Lower Bostraze And Leswidden SSSI is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, located on the Penwith Peninsula, Cornwall, England, a little to the east of St Just, approximately 8 km west of Penzance.

St Just in Penwith
St Just (Cornish: Lannust), also known as St Just in Penwith, is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies along the B3306 road which connects St Ives to the A30 road. The parish encompasses the town of St Just and the nearby settlements of  Trewellard, Pendeen and Kelynack: it is bounded by the parishes of Morvah to the north-east, Sancreed and Madron to the east, St Buryan and Sennen to the south and by the sea in the west. The parish consists of 7,622 acres (3,085 ha) of land, 12 acres (4.9 ha) of water and 117 acres (47.3 ha) of foreshore. The town of St Just is the most westerly town in mainland Britain and is situated approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Penzance along the A3071. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 4,695 and the population of the built up area was 1,918.

St Just lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). St Just is one of only two towns included within the Cornwall AONB.
Ma Biao (politician)
Ma Biao  (Chinese: 马飚; Zhuang: Maz Biauz; born August 1954) is a retired Chinese politician of ethnic Zhuang heritage. Born in Guangxi, Ma joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1985. He was elected chairman of the Guangxi government on January 26, 2008, and served this post until March 2013.
He was a member of the 18th Central Committee of the CCP. He additionally served as a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference between 2011 and 2023.

Zhuang people
The Zhuang (/ˈdʒwæŋ, ˈdʒwɒŋ/ ⓘ; Chinese: 壮族; pinyin: Zhuàngzú; Zhuang: Bouxcuengh, [poːu˦˨ ɕeŋ˧], Sawndip: 佈獞) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. With the Bouyei, Nùng, Tày, and other Northern Tai speakers, they are sometimes known as the Rau or Rao people. Their population, estimated at 19 million people, makes them the largest minority in China.