hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nichols Arboretum
Nichols Arboretum, locally known as the Arb,: 22  is an arboretum on the campus of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The Arb is located adjacent to the Huron River, and features over 400 species, including 110 species of trees, in a varied, hilly landscape. A signature feature of Nichols Arboretum is the W. E. Upjohn Peony Garden, which features the largest collection of heirloom peonies in North America.

Nichols Arboretum was designed by noted American landscape gardener and University of Michigan alumnus O. C. Simonds, and opened in 1907. The 128-acre (52 ha) arboretum is named for Esther Connor Nichols and her husband Walter, who donated part of the land for the arboretum in 1906.: 15

William E. Upjohn
William Erastus Upjohn (June 15, 1853 – October 18, 1932) was an American physician and both founder and president of The Upjohn Pharmaceutical Company. He was named Person of the Century by the Kalamazoo, Michigan, newspaper.
NGC 4487
NGC 4487 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy lies about 55 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 4487 is approximately 65,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 23, 1789.

Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. The name means "maiden" in Latin and its traditional astrological symbol is . Between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, lying in the south, it is the second-largest constellation in the sky (after Hydra) and the largest constellation in the zodiac. The ecliptic intersects the celestial equator within this constellation and Pisces. Underlying these technical two definitions, the sun passes directly overhead of the equator, within this constellation, at the September equinox. Virgo can be easily found through its brightest star, Spica, (in Latin "grain headed").
Huey "Piano" Smith
Huey Pierce "Piano" Smith (January 26, 1934 – February 13, 2023) was an American R&B pianist and session musician whose sound was influential in the development of rock and roll.

His piano playing incorporated the boogie-woogie styles of Pete Johnson, Meade Lux Lewis, and Albert Ammons, the jazz style of Jelly Roll Morton and the R&B style of Fats Domino. Steve Huey of AllMusic noted that "At the peak of his game, Smith epitomized New Orleans R&B at its most infectious and rollicking, as showcased on his classic signature tune, "Rockin' Pneumonia and the Boogie Woogie Flu".

Meade Lux Lewis
Anderson Meade "Lux" Lewis (September 4, 1905 – June 7, 1964) was an American pianist and composer, remembered for his playing in the boogie-woogie style. His best-known work, "Honky Tonk Train Blues", has been recorded by many artists.
North Bengal Medical College and Hospital
North Bengal Medical College and Hospital (NBMC&H) is a public medical college and hospital in Siliguri, West Bengal, India. Established in 1968, it is the first medical college in the northern region of West Bengal. It is one of the 26 government medical colleges in West Bengal and the largest in terms of area. The hospital has a bed strength of  1,500.

West Bengal University of Health Sciences
West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) is a Public medical university in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established in 2003 by an Act of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for better management of the health and medical education-related courses. The main objective behind the establishment of the university was to raise the level of medical education across the state of West Bengal. Universities main mission was to affiliate, teach, and ensure systematic instruction, training, and research in various health sciences, including Modern Medicine, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda, Unani, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dental, and Paramedical courses. It oversees undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-doctoral programs across these disciplines in West Bengal.
2006 South American Rugby Championship "A"
The 2006 South American Rugby Championship was the 28th edition of the competition of the leading national rugby union teams in South America.

The tournament, that was also valid as the final stage of South Americas 2007 Rugby World Cup qualification, was not played in a host country, but each of the three countries participating hosted a match.

Argentina won the tournament.

2007 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification
In qualification for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, 19 countries in the Pan American Rugby Association (PARA) compete for 3 direct entries and 1 repechage place (Repechage 1) against the winner of Africa 2 v Europe 4.
Epidendrum secundum
Epidendrum secundum, one of the crucifix orchids, known as the lopsided star orchid,  is a poorly understood reed stemmed species, which Dressler (1989) describes as "the Epidendrum secundum complex." According to Dressler, there are dozens of varieties, some of which appear to deserve species rank. Arditti and Ghani note that E. secundum has the distinction of bearing the longest seeds known in the Orchidaceae, 6.0 mm long. By comparison, the seeds of E. ibaguense (another crucifix orchid) are only 2.9 mm long.

Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach
Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (Dresden, 3 January 1823 – Hamburg, 6 May 1889) was a botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century. His father Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (author of Icones Florae Germanicae et Helveticae) was also a well-known botanist.
Cem (Alevism)
The central Alevi communal worship service is called a Jem, which is performed in special houses called as Cem Evi. Alevi Muslims believe that the Jem has its roots in an original worship and teaching meeting of forty spiritual individuals Kirklar Majlisi (Turkish: Kırklar Meclisi) led by Ali. It takes place in a Cem Evi

Müsahiplik
Musahiplik or Müsahiplik (roughly, "Companionship / Spiritual brotherhood") is a covenant relationship between two men of the same age, preferably along with their wives. In a ceremony in the presence of a dede the partners make a lifelong commitment to care for the spiritual, emotional, and physical needs of each other and their children. After the Hijra, the Islamic prophet Muhammad instituted brotherhood between the emigrants, Muhajirun, and the helpers, Ansar, and he chose Ali as his own brother. This early Islamic practice has survived and continued to exist only in the Alevi sect of Islam. This early Islamic practice ceased to exist in all other Islamic sects .
Chisini mean
In mathematics, a function f of n variables x1, ..., xn leads to a Chisini mean M if, for every vector ⟨x1, ..., xn⟩, there exists a unique M such that

f(M,M, ..., M) = f(x1,x2, ..., xn).

The arithmetic, harmonic, geometric, generalised, Heronian and quadratic means are all Chisini means, as are their weighted variants.

While Oscar Chisini was arguably the first to deal with "substitution means" in some depth in 1929, the idea of defining a mean as above is quite old, appearing (for example) in early works of Augustus De Morgan.

Root mean square
In mathematics, the root mean square (abbrev. RMS, RMS or rms) of a set of values is the square root of the set's mean square.
Given a set , its RMS is denoted as either  or . The RMS is also known as the quadratic mean (denoted ), a special case of the generalized mean. The RMS of a continuous function is denoted  and can be defined in terms of an integral of the square of the function.
In estimation theory, the root-mean-square deviation of an estimator measures how far the estimator strays from the data.
Scott McTominay
Scott Francis McTominay (born 8 December 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Napoli and the Scotland national team.

McTominay is a graduate of Manchester United's youth academy and made his senior debut for the club in May 2017. He went on to make more than 250 appearances for the club, winning the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. In 2024, McTominay signed for Napoli in a £25.7 million transfer; he emerged as a focal player to the club winning the Serie A title in his debut season, being named the league's Most Valuable Player and receiving a nomination for the Ballon d'Or.

Born in England, McTominay qualified to play for Scotland through his father. He made his senior international debut in March 2018, and represented Scotland at Euro 2020 and Euro 2024.

Serie A Goal of the Month
The Serie A Goal of the Month, officially known as the Iliad Goal of the Month for sponsorship reasons, is an association football award that recognises the player who is deemed to have scored the best Serie A goal each month of the season. The award was introduced for the 2021–22 season.

The first award was assigned to Roma player Lorenzo Pellegrini for his back-heel goal against Hellas Verona on 19 September 2021. Pellegrini later went on to win the award a record three times. Napoli players have won the award a record six times, while Italy is the most represented nationality, with sixteen wins. The most represented foreign country is Scotland, with four awards.

Genoa player Ruslan Malinovskyi is the current holder of the award, winning for January 2026 after his goal against Bologna.
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency  is a genetic disorder in which a person has a defective gene for lipoprotein lipase, which leads to very high triglycerides, which in turn causes stomach pain and deposits of fat under the skin, and which can lead to problems with the pancreas and  liver, which in turn can lead to diabetes.  The disorder only occurs if a child acquires the defective gene from both parents (it is  autosomal recessive). It is managed by restricting fat in diet to less than 20 g/day.

Xanthoma
A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis) is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states. They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They are associated with hyperlipidemias, both primary and secondary types.

Tendon xanthomas are associated with type II hyperlipidemia, chronic biliary tract obstruction, primary biliary cirrhosis, sitosterolemia and the rare metabolic disease cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis. Palmar xanthomata and tuberoeruptive xanthomata (over knees and elbows) occur in type III hyperlipidemia.
Cystidium
A cystidium (pl.: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood.

Basidium
A basidium (pl.: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also called tertiary mycelia, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores. Occasionally the number may be two or even eight. Each reproductive spore is produced at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (pl. sterigmata), and is forcefully expelled at full growth.

The word basidium literally means "little pedestal". This is the way the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure looks more like a club. A partially grown basidium is known as a basidiole.
2017 Stockton Challenger
The 2017 Stockton Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Stockton, United States, on 17–23 July 2017.

2017 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2017 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $15,000 to $100,000.
France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Voilà", written by Barbara Pravi, Lili Poe, and Igit, and performed by Pravi herself. The French participating broadcaster, France Télévisions, organised the national final Eurovision France, c'est vous qui décidez ! in order to select its entry for the contest. Twelve songs competed in the national final where the winner was selected over two rounds of voting. In the first round, eight entries were selected to advance to the second round: seven entries selected a public vote and one entry selected by a ten-member jury panel. In the second round, "Voilà" performed by Barbara Pravi was selected as the winner following the combination of votes from a ten-member jury panel and a public vote.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 20, France placed second out of the 26 participating countries with 499 points.

Je n'ai que mon âme
"Je n'ai que mon âme" (French pronunciation: [ʒə nɛ k(ə) mɔ̃n‿ɑm]; English translation: "I only have my soul") is a song by Natasha St-Pier, the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001. It was sung mainly in French, with some lyrics in English (the first time a French entry contained any English lyrics). The song was released in Canada as the lead single from the compilation album carrying the same name Je n'ai que mon âme. Outside Canada, the song appeared as a track on the European version of the studio album À chacun son histoire. St-Pier also recorded an English version with the title "All I Have is My Soul".
Spier
Spier is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is located in the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, about 11 km north of Hoogeveen.

In 2001, the hamlet of Spier had 91 inhabitants. The built-up area of the hamlet was 0.036 km2, and contained 35 residences.
The statistical area "Spier", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 370.

Hoogeveen
Hoogeveen (Dutch: [ˌɦoːɣəˈveːn] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: 't Ogeveine or  't Oveine) is a municipality and town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is located in the south of the province and shares a provincial border with Overijssel. The municipality has a population of 56,897 (2025), of which 40,560 reside in the town of Hoogeveen itself. The second largest population center in the municipality is Hollandscheveld.

Hoogeveen was developed in the 17th century as a peat colony. Today it is a central town with many urban amenities. There is a wide range of shops and substantial employment in industry. Religiously, the town is highly fragmented.
Srb
Srb (Serbian Cyrillic: Срб) is a village located in the southeastern part of Lika, in Croatia, till 2011 administratively divided into Donji Srb (population 255, census 2001) and Gornji Srb (population 79, census 2001). Srb lies in the Una River valley, on the road from Donji Lapac to Knin, and is east of Gračac. It is currently part of the Gračac municipality and the Zadar County.

Lika
Lika (Croatian pronunciation: [lǐːka]) is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by the Malovan pass. Today most of the territory of Lika (Brinje, Donji Lapac, Gospić, Lovinac, Otočac, Perušić, Plitvička Jezera, Udbina and Vrhovine) is part of Lika-Senj County. Josipdol, Plaški and Saborsko are part of Karlovac County and Gračac is part of Zadar County, and it takes up about 12% of Croatia's land area.

Major towns include Gospić, Otočac, and Gračac, most of which are located in the karst poljes of the rivers of Lika, Gacka and others. The Plitvice Lakes National Park and Northern Velebit National Park are also in Lika.
1988 BYU Cougars football team
The 1988 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cougars were led by 17th-year head coach LaVell Edwards and played their home games at Cougar Stadium in Provo, Utah. The team competed as members of the Western Athletic Conference, finishing tied for third with a record of 9–4 (5–3 WAC). BYU was invited to the 1988 Freedom Bowl, where they defeated Colorado.

LaVell Edwards Stadium
LaVell Edwards Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the Western United States, on the campus of Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. Primarily used for college football, it is the home field of the BYU Cougars, a member of the Big 12 Conference in the Football Bowl Subdivision. Opened as "Cougar Stadium" in 1964, its seating capacity is 62,073. It is the largest football stadium in the Big 12 by capacity.

The natural grass playing field is conventionally aligned north–south at an elevation of 4,649 feet (1,417 m) above sea level, with the press box along the west sideline.
2019 Baltic Open
The 2019 Baltic Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 1st edition of the Baltic Open as part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the National Tennis Centre Lielupe in Jūrmala, Latvia, from 22 to 28 July 2019.

This tournament replaced the Moscow River Cup on the WTA Tour.

Baltic Open
The Baltic Open was a WTA Tour International-level professional women's tennis tournament. It took place on outdoor clay courts, in July 2019, at the National Tennis Center Lielupe in Jūrmala, Latvia. It had replaced the Moscow River Cup.

The prize money was $250,000. The main draw included 32 players in the singles' tournament and 16 teams in the doubles' tournament. Additionally, 18 other players participated in the qualifiers for the main tournament.

In 2021, the Baltic Open license was transferred to Hamburg European Open.
King of Tokyo
King of Tokyo is a monster movie-themed tabletop game using custom dice, cards, and boards, designed by Richard Garfield and released in 2011. A New York City-based edition, King of New York, was published in 2014. The game was re-released in 2016, with all-new artwork and characters.

BoardGameGeek
BoardGameGeek (BGG) is an online forum for board gaming hobbyists and a user-generated game database that holds reviews, images and videos for over 150,000 different tabletop games. The site allows users to rate games on a 1–10 scale and shows these as a ranked list of board games. It is considered the most-used website by board game enthusiasts since the 2000s, and recent academic literature about board games relies on the website. The New York Times in 2019 called it "the hub of board gaming on the internet."
1997 Irish Masters
The 1997 Irish Masters was the twenty-third edition of the professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 6–13 March 1997 at the Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, Ireland.

Stephen Hendry defeated Darren Morgan 9–8 in the final by winning the last two frame at 7–8 down.

Irish Masters
The Irish Masters was a professional snooker tournament. It was founded in 1978, following on from the successful Benson & Hedges Ireland Tournament (alternatively known as the Benson & Hedges Ireland Championship). The final champion of the tournament was Ronnie O'Sullivan.
Meitei classical language movement
The Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri)  movement seeks to achieve recognition of Meitei as a Classical language of India. It was supported by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura).

Chungkham Yashawanta, professor of the Department of Linguistics at Manipur University, is of the opinion that the very social movement is not an easy task, having no room for agitation, and is of purely academic work, needing linguists, historians, archeologists, anthropologists and literary persons. However, Dr. Moirangthem Nara, a former cabinet minister for Arts and Culture and Sericulture of the government of Manipur and a member of Manipur Legislative Assembly, is of the opinion that no demands could be met in India and Manipur without  agitation.

Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation
Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation (DLPI) is a directorate of the Government of Manipur in charge of the language planning and the implementation of language policy.

The first anniversary of the Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation coincided with 18th Manipuri Language Day, the annual commemorative celebration of the Meitei language's inclusion in the Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution. The directorate has become a key organiser of the annual event.
Palaemnema chiriquita
Palaemnema chiriquita is a species of damselfly in the family Platystictidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Platystictidae
Platystictidae is a family of damselflies, commonly known as shadowdamsels. They look very similar to the threadtail damselfly family (Protoneuridae). They can mostly be found throughout Asia, Central America, and South America.

Most members of this family live in dense forests in the tropics where they are found around streams. Their wings are narrow and their abdomen slender and elongated. The adults probably do not disperse far as many species are known from a single location or have small ranges and there are probably other species as yet undescribed.

The oldest members of the family belong to the genus Mesosticta from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.
VL Tuisku
The VL Tuisku (English: Blizzard or Snowstorm) was a Finnish trainer aircraft designed in the 1930s. It was a two-seat, single-engined biplane with a welded steel framework, covered with fabric. 30 were produced for the Finnish Air Force and served from 1935 to 1949.

Armstrong Siddeley Lynx
The Armstrong Siddeley Lynx is a British seven-cylinder aero engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley.  It was developed as a single row version of the two-row Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar. Testing began in 1920 and 6,000 had been produced by 1939. In Italy Alfa Romeo built a 200 horsepower (150 kW) licensed version of this engine named the Alfa Romeo Lynx.
Noordgesig
Noordgesig (meaning "north view/facing") is a township in Soweto, situated at the edge of area's northernmost boundary, but within its territory. It is the first township seen on entering Soweto from the frequently used New Canada Road. Noordgesig is a Coloured township. It is colloquially called "Bulte"(meaning Hills) by its residence and neighbors, as depicted by the Mine Dumps surrounding the Township. The name "Bulte" was coined as a form of endearment by the residence for the longest time.

Soweto
Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/) is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality since 2002 and is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg.