hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nashville Fairgrounds
The Nashville Fairgrounds, also known as The Fairgrounds Nashville and the Tennessee State Fairgrounds, is an entertainment complex in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The 117-acre (47 ha) site is located southeast of Downtown Nashville on the Nolensville Pike. The historic home of the Tennessee State Fair, today the complex is home to Geodis Park, home of Nashville SC of Major League Soccer, Fairgrounds Speedway, the Tennessee State Fairground Sports Arena, the Nashville Flea Market, and The Nashville Fair. The site is undergoing redevelopment into a mixed-use development spurred by the construction of the soccer stadium with commercial and residential use and a community park. Additionally, there is a plan to renovate and upgrade Fairgrounds Speedway to host NASCAR Cup, Xfinity and Truck Series events in conjunction with Speedway Motorsports.

Davidson County, Tennessee
Davidson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in the central part of the region of Middle Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 715,884, making it the second most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Nashville, the state capital and most populous city.

Since 1963, the city of Nashville and Davidson County have had a consolidated government called the "Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County", commonly referred to as "Metro Nashville" or "Metro". This is distinct from the larger metropolitan area.

Davidson County has the largest population in the 13-county Nashville metropolitan area, the state's most populous metropolitan area. Nashville has always been one of the region's centers of commerce, industry, transportation, and culture, but it did not become the capital of Tennessee until 1827 and did not gain permanent capital status until 1843.
Stone Rural
Stone Rural is a civil parish in the Stafford district, in the county of Staffordshire, England. The parish includes the settlements of Aston-By-Stone, Burybank, Cotwalton, Knenhall, Meaford, Moddershall, Oulton, Oulton Grange and Oulton Heath. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1652. The parish touches Barlaston, Chebsey, Fulford, Hilderstone, Marston, Sandon and Burston, Stone, Swynnerton, Whitgreave and Yarnfield and Cold Meece. There are 39 listed buildings in Stone Rural. The council office is in Moddershall.

Whitgreave
Whitgreave is a very small village a few miles to the NNW of Stafford situated midway between the M6 motorway to the west and the A34 trunk road to the east.

It lies about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the northeast of Great Bridgeford. 
The small village church of St John the Evangelist is of red-brick construction and was built in 1844, and is now a chapel of ease holding occasional services.
Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (/proʊˈkoʊpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς Prokópios ho Kaisareús; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c. 500 – 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar and historian from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the infamous Secret History.

Panegyric
A panegyric (US: /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ or UK: /ˌpænɪˈdʒaɪrɪk/) or praise poem is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens.
Casimir II of Belz
Casimir II of Belz (Kazimierz II bełski; c. 1401 or 1403 – 15 September 1442), was a Polish prince and member of the Masovian branch of the House of Piast. He was the duke of Płock, Rawa Mazowiecka, Gostynin, Sochaczew, Belz, Płońsk, Zawkrze and Wizna. From 1426 to 1434, he ruled jointly with his brothers, but he became sole ruler over Belz in 1434, after he and his brothers divided their paternal inheritance between themselves.

Duke of Masovia
Duke of Masovia (Polish: Książę Mazowsza) was a title borne by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

The following is a list of all rulers of the Duchy of Masovia and its parts. Although not all incumbents listed here had titular rights to the title of Duke of Masovia, they are all listed as such for simplicity's sake.

Also take note that some of the dates are merely approximate and the ownership of certain lands might be disputed. Finally, this table does not include lands ruled by dukes of other parts of partitioned Poland or Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III.
P-adic cohomology
In mathematics, p-adic cohomology means a cohomology theory for varieties of characteristic p whose values are modules over a ring of p-adic integers. Examples (in roughly historical order) include:

Serre's Witt vector cohomology

Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology

Infinitesimal cohomology

Crystalline cohomology

Rigid cohomology

Prismatic cohomology

Habiro cohomology

Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology
In algebraic geometry, Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology is a p-adic cohomology theory defined for non-singular affine varieties over fields of positive characteristic p introduced by Paul Monsky and Gerard Washnitzer (1968), who were motivated by the work  of Bernard Dwork (1960). The idea is to lift the variety to characteristic 0, and then take a suitable subalgebra of the algebraic de Rham cohomology of Grothendieck (1966). The construction was simplified by van der Put (1986). Its extension to more general varieties is called rigid cohomology.
Mystery at Lynden Sands
Mystery at Lynden Sands is a 1928 detective novel by the British author Alfred Walter Stewart, published under his pseudonym J.J. Connington.  It is the third in a series of novels featuring the Golden Age Detective Chief Constable Sir Clinton Driffield. It was published in London by Gollancz and Boston by Little, Brown and Company. It received a generally positive critical reception, with one reviewer going so far as to say it "may just fail of being the best detective story of the century" comparing it to The Cask and The Mysterious Affair at Styles. In A Catalogue of Crime by Jacques Barzun and Wendell Hertig Taylor describe it as "early but not first-class Connington".

The Cask
The Cask is a 1920 detective novel by the Irish-born writer Freeman Wills Crofts. His debut novel, it is considered his masterpiece. Long after the author's reputation had declined, this book was still hailed by critics as a cornerstone of the genre  Crofts had been working as a railway engineer before writing the novel, but its success launched him as one of the leading writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. He later went on to create the character of Inspector French of Scotland Yard who appeared in a long-running series of novels.
Mildenhall, Wiltshire
Mildenhall (/ˈmaɪnəl/ MY-nəl) is a village and civil parish in the Kennet Valley in Wiltshire, England, immediately east of the market town of Marlborough. The village is about 1.5 miles (2 km) east of the centre of Marlborough, on the minor road which follows the River Kennet towards Ramsbury. The parish also contains the hamlets of Poulton and Stitchcombe. The name has often been written as Minal, and this is continued in the present-day pronunciation.

River Og
The River Og is a short river in Wiltshire, England.

It rises near the hamlet of Draycot Foliat, and flows south for about 3.1 km (1.9 miles) through Ogbourne St George, Ogbourne St Andrew and Ogbourne Maizey to the eastern edge of Marlborough, where it joins the River Kennet.

The river flows through a gap in the Marlborough Downs, which creates a natural transport route, now followed by the A346 and once used by the Midland and South Western Junction Railway.

The Og's name is a back-formation from Ogbourne, which itself means Occa's stream.
Charles Gustav of Baden-Durlach
Margrave (Prince) Charles Gustav of Baden-Durlach (27 September 1648 in Durlach – 24 October 1703 at the Karlsburg Castle in Durlach) was a German general.  He was the son of Margrave Frederick VI of Baden-Durlach and his wife Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken, sister of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden.

Within the Swabian Circle he was royal colonel of the Protestant Circle Infantry Regiment (1673–1677) and from 1683 of the Second Circle Infantry Regiment (Evangelical).  In 1683, he served as major general and at the same time commander-in-chief of the circle troops.  In 1686 he was promoted to field marshal lieutenant of the infantry in the Swabian Circle, in 1692 to General Feldzeugmeister and in 1697 to field marshal.

Durlach
Durlach is a district in Karlsruhe, Germany, with a population of roughly 30,000.

The district is further divided into Alt-Durlach, Dornwald-Untermühl, Hanggebiet, Bergwald, Aue, Lohn-Lissen and Killisfeld.
Chisholm Public Schools
Chisholm Public Schools is a public school district located in Enid, Oklahoma. District enrollment was approximately 900 students in the 2005–2006 school year. It consists of Chisholm Elementary School, Chisholm Middle School, and Chisholm High School.

Chisholm High School
Chisholm High School (founded in 1973) is the second largest high school in Enid, Oklahoma. Located in the northern part of the city, it has a student body of approximately 300 in grades 9–12 with a curriculum including normal and AP academic courses.

In addition to northern Chisholm, the school's boundary includes Carrier and North Enid.
Decompression illness
Decompression Illness (DCI) comprises two different conditions caused by rapid decompression of the body. These conditions present similar symptoms and require the same initial first aid. Scuba divers are trained to ascend slowly from depth to avoid DCI. Although the incidence is relatively rare, the consequences can be serious and potentially fatal, especially if untreated.

Breathing gas
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas, but other mixtures of gases, or pure oxygen, are also used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats. Oxygen is the essential component for any breathing gas. Breathing gases for hyperbaric use have been developed to improve on the performance of ordinary air by reducing the risk of decompression sickness, reducing the duration of decompression, reducing nitrogen narcosis or reducing work of breathing and allowing safer deep diving.
Michael Gove as Education Secretary
British Conservative Party politician Michael Gove served as Secretary of State for Education from 2010 to 2014.

Gove was appointed as Education Secretary with the formation of the Cameron–Clegg coalition, having previously been the shadow secretary of state for children, schools and families. His earliest moves included reorganising his department, announcing plans to allow schools rated as Outstanding by Ofsted to become academies, and cutting the previous government's school-building programme.

He opened the National Pupil Database and introduced the phonics check, a reading test for year 1 pupils. The later parts of his tenure were dominated by the Trojan Horse scandal. During his Education Secretaryship, Gove was criticised by teachers unions and academic associations for his attempts to overhaul British education. He left the role when he was moved by Prime Minister David Cameron to the office of chief whip in the 2014 cabinet reshuffle.

Secretary of State for Education
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education, mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Vladivostok Air Flight 352
Vladivostok Air Flight 352 was a scheduled passenger flight from Yekaterinburg, Russia to Vladivostok via Irkutsk. On 4 July 2001, the aircraft operating the flight, a Tupolev Tu-154M with tail number RA-85845, lost control, stalled, and crashed while approaching Irkutsk Airport. All 136 passengers and 9 flight crew members aboard perished, making it the third deadliest aircraft crash over Russian territory to date after Aeroflot Flight 3352 and Aeroflot Flight 217.

Russian investigation committee MAK attributed the causes of the crash to pilot error. During the approach, the crew made erroneous input on the aircraft's yoke, causing the airspeed to deplete. A series of errors then caused the yoke to be excessively pulled, causing the aircraft to enter a corkscrew. The crew tried to recover but failed due to the aircraft's insufficient altitude.

Aeroflot Flight 3352
Aeroflot Flight 3352 was a regularly scheduled Aeroflot domestic flight in the Soviet Union from Krasnodar to Novosibirsk, with an intermediate landing in Omsk. While landing at Omsk Airport on Thursday, 11 October 1984, the aircraft crashed into maintenance vehicles on the runway, killing 174 people on board and four on the ground. While a chain of mistakes in airport operations contributed to the accident, its major cause was an air traffic controller falling asleep on duty.

As of 2025, this remains the deadliest aviation accident on Russian territory. It was also the deadliest aviation accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154 at the time until the crash of Aeroflot Flight 5143 nine months later; as of 2025, it still ranks as the second-deadliest accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154. According to Komsomolskaya Pravda in 2017, the newspaper was the first to talk about the accident, as for 20 years, journalists had been silent.
History of Bob Jones University
Evangelist Bob Jones Sr. founded Bob Jones University out of concern with the secularization of higher education. BJU has had seven presidents: Bob Jones Sr. (1927–1947); Bob Jones Jr. (1947–1971); Bob Jones III (1971–2005); Stephen Jones (2005—2014); Steve Pettit, (2014–2023); Joshua Crockett, (2024–2025); and Bruce McAllister, (2025–present).  Its religious influence, its past race relations, and its political influence have generated significant controversies.

Bob Jones University
Bob Jones University (BJU) is a private university in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. It is known for its conservative and evangelical cultural and religious positions. The university, with approximately 2,900 students, is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) and the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. In 2017, the university estimated the number of its graduates at 40,184.
Joshitei
The Joshitei (如斯亭), also known as the Former Akita Domain Satake Clan Villa Gardens  (旧秋田藩主佐竹氏別邸, kyū-Akita-han-shu Satake-shi bettei teien) is a Japanese landscape garden and nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty in the city of Akita, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

Akita (city)
Akita (秋田市, Akita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and most populous city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997. As of 1 August 2023, the city has an estimated population of 300,502 persons in 136,628 households and a population density of 332 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 906.07 square kilometres (349.84 sq mi).
Lippisch Wien
The Lippisch Wien was a high-performance glider designed by Alexander Lippisch in Germany in 1929. Owned and flown by Robert Kronfeld, it was one of the first sailplanes intended to exploit thermals. It set world records both for distance and altitude and demonstrated the practicality of long-distance cross-country flights.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Ivan Alimarin
Ivan Pavlovich Alimarin (Russian: Иван Павлович Алимарин, September 11, 1903 - December 17, 1989) was a Soviet analytical chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1966), Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1972), and Hero of Socialist Labor (1980). Alimarin's scientific activity covered several problems in analytical chemistry, including mineral analysis, and impurity detection in semiconductors.

Coulometry
In analytical electrochemistry, coulometry is the measure of charge (coulombs) transfer during an electrochemical redox reaction. It can be used for precision measurements of charge, but coulometry is mainly used for analytical applications to determine the amount of matter transformed.

There are two main categories of coulometric techniques. Amperostatic coulometry, or coulometric titration keeps the current constant using an amperostat. Potentiostatic coulometry holds the electric potential constant during the reaction using a potentiostat.
URO (singer)
Jeppe Kronback (born 1997), known by his stage names URO or Jack Dawson, is a Danish singer, songwriter, and producer. He has released one studio album and one EP, and two songs have reached the Danish top 40 charts. He has been nominated for several awards in Denmark, including two separate nominations for DR P3's Listener Hit at their 2023 and 2024 award shows.

Roskilde Festival
The Roskilde Festival is a Danish music festival held annually south of Roskilde. It is one of the largest music festivals in Europe and the largest in the Nordic countries. It was created in 1971 by two high school students and a promoter. In 1972, the festival was taken over by the Roskilde Foundation, which has since run the festival as a non-profit organization for development and support of music, culture and humanism. In 2014, the Roskilde Foundation provided festival participants with the opportunity to nominate and vote upon which organizations should receive funds raised by the festival.

The Roskilde Festival was Denmark's first music-oriented festival created for hippies, and today covers more of the mainstream youth from Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. Most festival visitors are Danes, but there are also many visitors from elsewhere, especially the other Scandinavian countries and Germany.
Mikel Rouse
Mikel Rouse (born Michael Rouse; January 26, 1957) is an American composer. He has been associated with a Downtown New York City movement known as totalism, and is best known for his operas, including Dennis Cleveland, about a television talk show host, which Rouse wrote and starred in.

Schillinger system
The Schillinger system of musical composition, named after Joseph Schillinger (1895–1943) is a method of musical composition based on mathematical processes. It comprises theories of rhythm, harmony, melody, counterpoint, form and semantics, purporting to offer a systematic and non-genre approach to music analysis and composition; a descriptive rather than prescriptive grammar of music.

While it influenced some prominent figures, such as Lawrence Berk (founder of the Berklee College of Music) and George Gershwin (likely influencing the piece "I Got Rhythm Variations"), it began to fall out of favor in the 1960s after receiving criticisms for being over-complicated and pseudo-scientific, and was removed from the Berklee curriculum.
2021 Bali earthquake
The 2021 Bali earthquake struck at 04:18 local time (UTC+08:00) when people were still sleeping on 15 October 2021. It resulted in 4 deaths and 73 more injured, despite having a moment magnitude of 4.7.

Karangasem Regency
Karangasem Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Karangasem; Balinese: ᬓᬪᬹᬧᬢᬾ​ᬦ᭄ ᬓᬭᬗᬲᭂᬫ᭄, Kabupatén Karangasĕm) is a regency (kabupaten) of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It covers the east part of Bali, has an area of 836.68 km2 (323.04 sq mi). It is bordered by Buleleng Regency and Bangli Regency to its west and Klungkung Regency to its south, and the Indian Ocean to its south, the Bali Sea and the Java Sea to its north and the Lombok Strait to its east. The population of the regency as of mid-2024 was 538,390. Its regency seat is the town of Amlapura.

Karangasem was devastated when Mount Agung erupted in 1963, killing 1,900 people.  Karangasem was a kingdom before Bali was conquered by the Dutch.
Chita Peninsula
The Chita Peninsula (知多半島 Chita Hantō) is a peninsula to the south of Aichi Prefecture, central Honshū, Japan. It runs approximately north-south. To the west is Ise Bay, while to the east it encloses Mikawa Bay. It faces the Atsumi Peninsula southeast across Mikawa Bay. Chūbu Centrair International Airport is located off the west coast of the peninsula.

Ise Bay
Ise Bay (伊勢湾, Ise-wan) is a bay located at the mouth of the Kiso Three Rivers between Mie and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. Ise Bay has an average depth of 19.5 meters (64 ft) and a maximum depth of 30 meters (98 ft). The mouth of the bay is 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) and is connected to the smaller Mikawa Bay by two channels: the Nakayama Channel and the Morosaki Channel. Mikawa Bay is subsequently joined to the Pacific Ocean by the Irako Channel, which ranges from 50–100 meters (160–330 ft) in depth.
Umrewal
Umrewal is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) from Nakodar, 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Kapurthala, 44.4 kilometres (27.6 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 148 kilometres (92 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.