hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gas syringe
A gas syringe is a piece of laboratory glassware used to insert or withdraw a volume of a gas from a closed system, or to measure the volume of gas evolved from a chemical reaction. A gas syringe can also be used to measure and dispense liquids, especially where these liquids need to be kept free from air.

A gas syringe has an inner syringe chamber which has a ground glass surface. The syringe barrel also has a ground glass surface. The ground surface of the barrel moves freely within the ground glass surface of the syringe chamber with very little friction. The close mating of these ground glass surfaces also gives a reasonably gas-tight seal.   Like a ground glass stopcock, the two parts of a gas syringe should preferably not be interchanged with another gas syringe of the same volume, unless told otherwise by the distributor. Gas syringes come in various sizes from 500 ml to 0.25 ml and tend to be accurate to between 0.01 and 1 ml, depending on the size of the syringe.

Laboratory glassware
Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories.  Many laboratories have training programs to demonstrate how glassware is used and to alert first–time users to the safety hazards involved with using glassware.
Green-winged saltator
The green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) is a species of saltator in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and ranges into the southern cerrado and the pantanal.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Saltator
Saltator is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in Central and South America. They have thick bills, relatively long tails and strong legs and feet.
Before the introduction of molecular genetic methods in the 21st century these species were placed in the cardinal family Cardinalidae.
D-Galacturonic acid
d-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of d-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of d-galactose are d-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, l-iduronic acid and d-mannuronic acid.

Glucuronic acid
Glucuronic acid (GCA, from Ancient Greek: γλεῦκος + οὖρον, lit. 'sweet wine, must + urine') is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name "uronic acid"). It is found in many gums such as gum arabic (approx. 18%), xanthan, and kombucha tea and is important for the metabolism of microorganisms, plants and animals.
2022 Amstel Gold Race
The 2022 Amstel Gold Race was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 10 April 2022 in the Netherlands. It was the 56th edition of the Amstel Gold Race and the 14th event of the 2022 UCI World Tour. The race was won by Michał Kwiatkowski in a photo finish with Benoît Cosnefroy.

2022 UCI World Tour
The 2022 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-one road cycling events throughout the 2022 cycling season. The tour started with the UAE Tour on 20 February, and concluded with the Il Lombardia on 8 October.
1995 MBNA 500
The 1995 MBNA 500 was the 25th stock car race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 27th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 17, 1995, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would manage to dominate the race to take his ninth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his seventh and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Petty Enterprises driver Bobby Hamilton and Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace would finish second and third, respectively.

1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 47th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 24th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 12 in Daytona Beach and concluded on November 12 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won his first career championship.
Cabo Verde, Minas Gerais
Cabo Verde is a Brazilian municipality located in the southwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 14,075 people living in a total area of 367 km2 (142 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of São Sebastião do Paraíso.  It became a municipality in 1877.  The municipality is an important producer of coffee.

Setubinha
Setubinha is a  municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.  As of 2020 the population was 12,378 in a total area of 536 km2 (207 sq mi). The elevation is 729 metres. It is part of the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, with the main crops being coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and corn.  As of 2005 there were no hospitals and 3 public health clinics.  In 2006 there were 14 primary schools and 2 middle schools.
Eldeyjarboði
Eldeyjarboði (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛltˌeiːjarˌpɔːðɪ]) is a blind skerry located about 57 km southwest of Reykjanes, Iceland. It is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A submarine eruption occurred in 1830.

In January 2020 the Icelandic Met Office stated that two earthquakes occurred 26 km southwest and 32 km south-southwest of Eldeyjarboði.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge (a divergent or constructive plate boundary) located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic, the ridge separates the North American from the Eurasian plate and the African plate, north and south of the Azores triple junction. In the South Atlantic, it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet triple junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough elevation to extend above sea level, for example in Iceland. The ridge has an average spreading rate of about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) per year.
Clonmel GAA Ground
Clonmel GAA Ground, also called Clonmel Sportsfield, is a GAA stadium located in the town of Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is the home ground of St. Mary's hurling team and Gaelic football team Clonmel Commercials. It is also occasionally used by the Tipperary county football team and has hosted games in the Munster Senior Football Championship, McGrath Cup and National Football League.

Declan Ryan's first game in charge of the Tipperary hurlers took place in Clonmel in January 2011 in the Waterford Crystal Cup against WIT where Tipperary were defeated by a scoreline of 2–17 to 1–19.

Clonmel Commercials
Clonmel Commercials GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic football club located in the town of Clonmel in County Tipperary, Ireland.

The club is part of the South Division of Tipperary GAA. They have been Tipperary Senior Football champions on twenty two occasions, and Munster club champions once since their formation in 1934.
2022 ISSF World Shooting Championships
The 1st ISSF Rifle/Pistol World Shooting Championships were held in New Administrative Capital, Egypt from 12 to 27 October 2022 in 78 events. This also served as qualification event for 2024 Summer Olympics.

ISSF World Shooting Championships
The ISSF World Shooting Championships are governed by the International Shooting Sport Federation. These championships, including all ISSF shooting events, are held every four years since 1954. For the shotgun events only, there is an additional World Championship competition in odd years.
The 7 O'Clock Show
The Seven O'Clock Show is an Irish evening-time television show that aired on TV3. It is a live show, and provides chat, live music, cooking, entertainment, showbiz and technology updates. It replaced Late Lunch Live. The show was pushed back to 18:00 and renamed The 6 O'Clock Show due to the return of Emmerdale and Coronation Street to TV3.

Today FM
Today FM is an Irish commercial FM radio station, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio Ireland Limited. Broadcasting since 17 March 1997, it broadcasts mostly music, with a daily news and current affairs programme.  Today FM holds a licence from the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland  - now called Commisun Na Mean (2024- present) the current licence for the station runs as far as the year 2027. The station recorded pretax profits of €7.4 million on a turnover of €19.4 million in early 2009, more than twice what it was two years previously.

Today FM broadcasts from studios in Marconi House, Digges Lane, Dublin 2. On 1 June 2021 Bauer Media Audio announced the completion of its acquisition of Communicorp Group in Ireland, including Today FM.
Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).

Pankration
Pankration (/pænˈkreɪti.ɒn, -ʃən/; Ancient Greek: παγκράτιον [paŋkráti.on]) was an unarmed combat sport introduced into the Greek Olympic Games in 648 BC. The athletes used boxing and wrestling techniques but also others, such as kicking, holds, joint locks, and chokes on the ground, making it similar to modern mixed martial arts. The term comes from the Ancient Greek word παγκράτιον (pankrátion), meaning "all of power" (from  παν- (pan-) 'all-' and  κράτος (krátos) 'strength, might, power').
Memantine/donepezil
Memantine/donepezil, sold under the brand name Namzaric among others, is a fixed dose combination medication used for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. It contains memantine hydrochloride (it acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, among various other types of targets like 5-HT3 receptor, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and Sigma-1 receptor)  and donepezil hydrochloride, which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.

Memantine/donepezil was approved for medical use in the United States in 2014.

NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for humans and animals; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia.

Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, and ketobemidone.

Some NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, dextromethorphan (DXM), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used recreationally for their dissociative, hallucinogenic, and euphoriant properties. When used recreationally, they are classified as dissociative drugs.
Tree Island (British Columbia)
Tree Island is a small uninhabited island in the Fraser River in Coquitlam, British Columbia. It is located near the mouth of the Coquitlam River, just east of the Port Mann Bridge and west of the much larger Douglas Island.

Douglas Island (British Columbia)
Douglas Island is a 187-hectare (462-acre) island in British Columbia, Canada, located where the Fraser River and Pitt River meet. The island is uninhabited. The island was the property of Canadian Forest Products but the government bought it for $4.5 million. It became part of the city of Port Coquitlam on September 29, 1991.
French ship Formidable (1795)
Formidable was an 80-gun Tonnant-class ship of the line of the French Navy, laid down in August 1794 and given the name Formidable, on 5 October, but renamed Figuieres on 4 December 1794, although the name was restored to Formidable on 31 May 1795 after she was launched at Toulon on 17 March 1795. She participated in the Battle of Algeciras, the Battle of Cape Finisterre and several other actions before the British captured her at the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November 1805. The British took her into service as HMS Brave. She was sold to be broken up in April 1816.

HMS Caesar (1793)
HMS Caesar was an 80-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy launched on 16 November 1793 at Plymouth. She was designed by Sir Edward Hunt, and was the only ship built to her draught. She was also one of only two British-built 80-gun ships of the period, the other being HMS Foudroyant.
Cardinals created by Callixtus II
Pope Callixtus II (r. 1119–24) created 35 cardinals in eight consistories held throughout his pontificate. This included one future successor (Lucius II) and two future antipopes (Celestine II and Victor IV).

Papal consistory
In the Catholic Church, a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consistory is ceremonial in nature and is normally attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory; Pope Francis called consistories for ceremonies of canonization; and Pope Benedict announced his decision to retire in 2013 at a consistory.

A meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect a new pope is not a consistory, but a conclave.
1996 Solheim Cup
The fourth Solheim Cup took place from 20 September to 22 September 1996 at St. Pierre Hotel & Country Club, Chepstow, Wales. The United States team retained the cup beating the European team by 17 points to 11.

Solheim Cup
The Solheim Cup is a biennial golf tournament for professional women golfers contested by teams representing Europe and the United States. It is named after the Norwegian-American golf club manufacturer Karsten Solheim, who was a driving force behind its creation.

The inaugural Cup was held in 1990, and the event was first staged in even numbered years until 2002, alternating years with the Ryder Cup (the equivalent men's event).  As part of the general reshuffling of team golf events after the one-year postponement of the 2001 Ryder Cup following the September 11 attacks, the Solheim Cup switched to odd numbered years beginning in 2003. Another reshuffle of team golf events took place in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Solheim Cup returned to even numbered years beginning in 2024.

The United States teams have won the cup eleven times, compared with eight for Europe. The current holders are the US, who regained the cup with a 15.5–12.5 win in 2024.
Élisabeth Décultot
Élisabeth Décultot (born 13 May 1968 in Fécamp, Département Seine-Maritime, France) is a French  Germanist, art historian and literary scholar. Since February 2015 she has held an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Since September 2020 she has been managing director of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on the European Enlightenment

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (German: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung) is a foundation that promotes international academic cooperation between scientists and scholars from Germany and abroad. Established by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany, it is funded by the Federal Foreign Office, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, and other national and international partners.
Early life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born on 21 October 1772. The youngest of 14 children, he was educated after his father's death and excelled in classics. He attended Christ's Hospital and Jesus College, Cambridge. While attending college, he befriended two other Romanticists, Charles Lamb and Robert Southey, the latter causing him to eventually drop out of college and pursue both poetic and political ambitions.

Although he often wrote poetry, his talent did not manifest until after 1794, when he transitioned into what would later be described as Romantic poetry. During this time, he worked with Southey on developing an ideal political government called Pantisocracy. Eventually, Coleridge would give up his political ambitions and focus on his poetic career.

Pantisocracy
Pantisocracy (from the Greek πᾶν and ἰσοκρατία meaning "equal or level government by/for all") was a utopian scheme devised in 1794 by, among others, the poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey for an egalitarian community. It is a system of government where all rule equally. They originally intended to establish such a community in the United States, choosing a site on the banks of the Susquehanna River after considering other places such as Kentucky. By 1795 Southey had doubts about the viability of this and proposed moving the project to Wales. The two men were unable to agree on the location, causing the project to collapse.

Others involved included the poet Robert Lovell and three of the Fricker sisters, Sara, Edith and Mary, who married the three poets, and George Burnett (who proposed unsuccessfully to another Fricker sister, Martha).
Haumania
Haumania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marantaceae. It is native to central Africa. As of March 2022, Kew and Plants of the World Online accepts three species:

Haumania danckelmaniana (J.Braun & K.Schum.) Milne-Redh., Kew Bull. 5: 162 (1950). - Africa (Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa)

Haumania leonardiana C.M.Evrard & Bamps, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 370 (1959). - Congo-Kinshasa

Haumania liebrechtsiana (De Wild. & T.Durand) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 19: 454 (1949). - Africa (Cabinda, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa)

Kew does not accept Haumania microphylla Hoogland, Blumea, Suppl. 4: 228 (1958). - New Guinea and Haumania walkeri Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 33: 212 (1958). - Japan as valid species.

Haumania liebrechtsiana
Haumania liebrechtsiana is a species of plant in the family Marantaceae. It grows as an understorey herb or climber in tropical forests in Central Africa. The leaves and shoots are eaten by gorillas and chimpanzees, and the leaves and stems have traditional uses.
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 16 isoform 1
Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 16 (TTC16) is an uncharacterized protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TTC16. Another alias for this gene is TPR repeat protein 16, but this is not commonly used. TTC16 is one of many proteins that contain tetratricopeptide repeat motifs as a supersecondary structure.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
1924 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1924 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the seventh staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Offaly entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 30 August 1925 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Tipperary and Galway, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Tipperary won the match by 5-05 to 1-02 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title since 1915.

1915 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1915 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the fourth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Clare entered the championship as the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 20 August 1916 at Athlone Sportsfield, between Tipperary and Offaly, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Tipperary won the match by 1-06 to 2-02 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title since 1913.
L42A1
The L42A1 is a bolt-action sniper rifle chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. 
Used in the past by the British Army, Royal Marines and Royal Air Force RAF Regiment, the L42A1 entered service in 1970. It was replaced by the Accuracy International AW (as the L96A1) in 1985.

The L42A1 has been used in several conflicts, including the Dhofar Rebellion in Oman, The Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Falklands War, and the Gulf War.

The L42A1 was the last model in a long line of bolt-action rifles that used a rear-locking action designed by James Paris Lee for the British Army. This action design appeared first in the Lee–Metford rifle of 1888.

Lee–Metford
The Lee–Metford (also known as the Magazine Lee–Metford or .303 Lee Metford) is a British bolt action rifle which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt system and detachable magazine with an innovative seven-groove rifled barrel designed by William Ellis Metford. It replaced the Martini–Henry as the standard service rifle of the British Empire in 1888, following nine years of development and trials, but remained in service for only a short time until replaced by the Lee–Enfield.
Gomesa × amicta
Gomesa × amicta is a hybrid of orchid endemic to southeastern Brazil. It is a hybrid of Gomesa lietzei and Gomesa sarcodes. It was formerly within the genus Oncidium until a phylogenetic study published in 2009 transferred it and some other Oncidium species to Gomesa.

Oncidium
Oncidium is a genus of about 370 species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical America from Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to northern Argentina, with one species (O. ensatum) extending into Florida. Common names for plants in this genus include dancing-lady orchid.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2009 labeled the Oncidium alliance "grossly polyphyletic." In the same year, the American Orchid Society labeled the genus a "dumping ground". A consensus announced in April 2013 resulted in major taxonomic changes to Oncidium, Gomesa, Odontoglossum, Miltonia, and others. Much of this debate and subsequent housekeeping was initiated by significant research for the scientific publication Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5. One significant change is the move of most Brazilian Oncidium with a fused lateral sepal to the genus Gomesa.
2022 South and Central American Beach Handball Championship
The 2022 South and Central American Beach Handball Championship was the second edition of the tournament, took place in Maceió, Brazil from 10 to 13 April 2022. It acted as the South and Central American qualifying tournament for the 2022 Beach Handball World Championships and the 2022 World Beach Games.

Beach handball at the 2022 World Games
The beach handball competition at the 2022 World Games took place 11–15 July 2022, in Birmingham in United States, at the Sloss Furnaces.
Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.