hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adrian Kunz
Adrian Kunz (born 7 July 1967) is a Swiss former footballer and an ex-manager of several Swiss clubs, most recently Swiss Challenge League side FC Wohlen in 2011–12. Kunz played as a forward in a playing career that included spells at domestic clubs such as BSC Young Boys, FC Sion and FC Aarau, as well as two seasons at German side Werder Bremen.

1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup finals were won by Valencia, Werder Bremen, and Bologna. All three teams advanced to the UEFA Cup. The 1998 tournament saw Spanish clubs debut in the competition and also the return of English clubs, since the controversy surrounding its participants in 1995.
Wazeba of Axum
Wazeba (early 4th century), vocalized by historians as Wazeba, or WZB was a Negus of the Kingdom of Aksum, centered in the highlands of modern Ethiopia and Eritrea. He succeeded Aphilas. Wazeba is known only from the coins that he minted during his reign. He was the first Aksumite ruler to engrave the legends of his coins in Ge'ez, and the only King of Aksum to use that language on his gold currency. Stuart Munro-Hay suggests that the scarcity of Wazeba's coins may hint at a short reign.

The Geta Lion near Kombolcha is a stone statue with a very eroded short inscription surrounding a cross. French archaeologist Francis Anfray states Wazeba's coinage has a similar monogram. However it was Ezana who is known for converting to Christianity, not Wazeba. None of Wazeba's coins feature a Christian cross like this inscription.

Ezana of Axum
Ezana (Ge'ez: ዒዛና, ‘Ezana, unvocalized ዐዘነ ‘zn); Ancient Greek: Ἠεζάνα, Aezana) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum (320s – c. 360 AD). One of the best-documented rulers of Aksum, Ezana is important as he first adopted for his country the religion of Christianity and the name of Ethiopia. Tradition states that Ezana succeeded his father Ella Amida (Ousanas) as king while still a child; his mother, Sofya, served as regent until he came of age.
Neobythitoides serratus
Neobythitoides serratus is a species of cusk-eel found in the East China Sea near the Ryukyu Islands.  It is found at a depth of at least 950 metres (3,120 ft).  This species grows to a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL.  It is the only known member of its genus.

Cusk-eel
The cusk-eel family, Ophidiidae, is a group of marine bony fishes in the Ophidiiformes order. The scientific name is from the Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. True eels diverged from other ray-finned fish during the Jurassic, while cusk-eels are part of the Percomorpha clade, along with tuna, perch, seahorses, and others.

The oldest fossil cusk-eel is Ampheristus, a highly successful genus with numerous species that existed from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to the early Oligocene.
Quadrature filter
In signal processing, a quadrature filter  is the analytic representation of the impulse response  of a real-valued filter:

If the quadrature filter  is applied to a signal , the result is

which implies that  is the analytic representation of .

Since  is an analytic signal, it is either zero or complex-valued.  In practice, therefore,  is often implemented as two real-valued filters, which correspond to the real and imaginary parts of the filter, respectively.

An ideal quadrature filter cannot have a finite support. It has single sided support, but by choosing the (analog) function  carefully, it is possible to design quadrature filters which are localized such that they can be approximated by means of functions of finite support. A digital realization without feedback (FIR) has finite support.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Piscataway language
Piscataway (/pɪˈskætəweɪ/ pih-SKAT-ə-way) is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Piscataway, a dominant chiefdom in southern Maryland on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay at time of contact with English settlers. Piscataway, also known as Conoy (from the Iroquois ethnonym for the tribe), is considered a dialect of Nanticoke.

This designation is based on the scant evidence available for the Piscataway language. The Doeg tribe, then located in present-day Northern Virginia, are also thought to have spoken a form of the same language. These dialects were intermediate between the Native American language Lenape spoken to the north of this area (in present-day Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut) and the Powhatan language, formerly spoken to the south, in what is now Tidewater Virginia.

Andrew White (Jesuit)
Andrew White SJ (1579 – December 27, 1656) was an English Jesuit Catholic missionary who was involved in the founding of the Maryland colony. A chronicler of Colonial Maryland, his writings remain a primary source on the land, the Native Americans and the Jesuit mission in North America.

For his efforts in converting and educating the Native American population, White has been frequently referred to as the "Apostle of Maryland". He is considered a forefather of Georgetown University, and is memorialized in the White-Gravenor building
Sample preparation
In analytical chemistry, sample preparation (working-up) refers to the ways in which a sample is treated prior to its analyses. Preparation is a very important  step in most analytical techniques, because the techniques are often not responsive to the analyte in its in-situ form, or the results are distorted by interfering species. Sample preparation may involve dissolution, extraction, reaction with some chemical species, pulverizing, treatment with a chelating agent (e.g. EDTA), masking, filtering, dilution, sub-sampling or many other techniques.
Treatment is done to prepare the sample into a form ready for analysis by specified analytical equipment.
Sample preparation could involve: crushing and dissolution, chemical digestion with acid or alkali, sample extraction, sample clean up  and sample pre-concentration.

Masking agent
A masking agent is a reagent used in chemical analysis which reacts with chemical species that may interfere in the analysis.

In sports a masking agent is used to hide or prevent detection of a banned substance or illegal drug like anabolic steroids or stimulants. Diuretics are the simplest form of masking agent and work by enhancing water loss via urine excretion and thus diluting the urine, which results in lower concentrations of the banned substance as more of it is being excreted from the body making it more difficult for laboratories to detect.
Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball
The Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball team represents Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, United States. The Golden Flashes compete in the Mid-American Conference and last played in the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament in 2024.  Founded in 1973 as a club team, the Kent State women's basketball team received varsity status in 1975 and played their first official game in January 1976. Through the 2023–24 season, the Flashes have six total appearances in the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament along with four Mid-American Conference tournament championships, five MAC overall titles, and nine MAC East division titles. Home games are held at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, which has been the team's home venue since 1977. The head coach is Todd Starkey, who was hired April 19, 2016.

1982 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 1982 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament was the first women's basketball tournament held under the auspices of the NCAA. From 1972 to 1982, there were national tournaments for Division I schools held under the auspices of the AIAW. The inaugural NCAA tournament included 32 teams. Tennessee, Louisiana Tech, Cheyney State, and Maryland met in the Final Four, held at the Norfolk Scope in Norfolk, Virginia and hosted by Old Dominion University, with Louisiana Tech defeating Cheyney for the title, 76-62. Louisiana Tech's Janice Lawrence was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. Her teammate Kim Mulkey went on to become the first (and to date only) woman to win NCAA Division I basketball titles as a player and coach, winning the 2005, 2012, 2019 titles as head coach at Baylor and the 2023 title at LSU. (Mulkey was also an assistant coach on Louisiana Tech's 1988 championship team).
Moy Yat
Moy Yat  (梅逸) (June 28, 1938 – January 23, 2001) was a Hong Kong martial artist, painter, seal maker, teacher and author. He was a student of the legendary Wing Chun Kung-Fu teacher Yip Man  (also romanized as Ip Man) from 1957 until Ip Man's death in 1972.

William Cheung
William Cheung or Cheung Cheuk-hing (張卓慶, pinyin: Zhāng Zhuóqìng) (born 10 October 1940) is a Hong Kong Wing Chun kung fu practitioner and the Grandmaster of his lineage, Traditional Wing Chun (TWC). He is also the head of the Global Traditional Wing Chun Kung Fu Association (GTWCKFA), the sanctioning body of TWC. Cheung has received the Masters Award for lifetime achievement in Kung Fu from Martial Arts Australia.

Cheung was responsible for introducing Bruce Lee to his master, Ip Man, when they were teenagers in Hong Kong.
History of the Green Party of the United States
The Green Party of the United States originated in 1984 when 62 people from the U.S. gathered in St. Paul, Minnesota and founded the first national Green organization - the Committees of Correspondence. The Green Party of the U.S. has gone through several evolutions, from debating theory and praxis in the 1980s, to starting state parties in the 1990s, to the founding of a national political party (recognized by the Federal Elections Commission) in the 2000s.

Maine Green Independent Party
The Maine Green Independent Party is a state-level political party affiliated with the Green Party of the United States. It is the oldest state green party in the United States. It was founded following an informal meeting of 17 environmental advocates, including Bowdoin College professor John Rensenbrink and others in Augusta, Maine in January 1984. From 1994 to 2006, the party's gubernatorial nominees received between 6% and 10% of the vote.

On September 21, 2017, state representative Ralph Chapman switched party affiliation from independent to the Green Independent Party. He did not stand for re-election in 2018 because he was term-limited. A month later, non voting member Henry John Bear also switched his party affiliation to the Green Independent Party from the Democratic Party.
10th federal electoral district of Puebla
The 10th federal electoral district of Puebla (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 10 de Puebla) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 16 such districts in the state of Puebla.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is María Fabiola Karina Pérez Popoca of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Electoral regions of Mexico
The electoral regions (Spanish: circunscripciones electorales) of Mexico are geographic areas composed of various states used for the election of the 200 proportional representation legislators to the Chamber of Deputies.

The country is split into five separate regions. Each of the five regions elects 40 deputies, who are selected according to party lists in the regions. To distinguish them from those elected in the 300 single-member constituencies, they are often referred to as 
"plurinominal deputies".

In contrast, the 32 senators-at-large elected to the Senate by the principle of proportional representation are drawn from party lists covering the entire country; the electoral regions therefore play no role in Senate elections.
Wyoming Highway 24
Wyoming Highway 24 (WYO 24), also known as the Bear Lodge Highway, is a 46.72-mile (75.19 km) state highway in Crook County, Wyoming, United States. that connects U.S. Route 14 (US 14) in Carlile Junction with South Dakota Highway 34 (SD 34) at the South Dakota state line. The route passes through the northern portion of the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills National Forest. The highway also passes by Devils Tower National Monument.

Black Hills National Forest
Black Hills National Forest is located in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, United States. The forest has an area of over 1.25 million acres (5,066 km2) and is managed by the Forest Service. Forest headquarters are located in Custer, South Dakota. There are local ranger district offices in Custer, Rapid City, and Spearfish in South Dakota, and in Sundance, Wyoming.

Predominantly ponderosa pine, the forest also includes hard woods like aspen, bur oak, and birch.  The lower elevations include grassland prairie, but the National Forest System lands encompass most of the mountainous region known as the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Within the forest is Black Elk Peak which is the tallest mountain in South Dakota and the highest peak east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States.
Arthritis mutilans
Arthritis mutilans is a rare medical condition involving severe inflammation damaging the joints of the hands and feet, and resulting in deformation and problems with moving the affected areas; it can also affect the spine. As an uncommon arthropathy, arthritis mutilans was originally described as affecting the hands, feet, fingers, and/or toes, but can refer in general to severe derangement of any joint damaged by arthropathy. First described in modern medical literature by Marie and Leri in 1913, in the hands, arthritis mutilans is also known as opera glass hand (la main en lorgnette in French), or chronic absorptive arthritis. Sometimes there is foot involvement in which toes shorten and on which painful calluses develop in a condition known as opera glass foot, or pied en lorgnette.

Interphalangeal joints of the hand
The interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand.

There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint):

"proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIJ or PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges

"distal interphalangeal joints" (DIJ or DIP), those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges

Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint.
Stratford, Quebec
Stratford is a township municipality in Le Granit Regional County Municipality in the Estrie region in Quebec, Canada.  A township municipality is all or part of the territory of a township (townships were originally only a land surveying feature) set up as a municipality.

The first European settlers arrived in 1848. The town is named after Stratford-upon-Avon in England.

The town contains Lake Elgin and part of Lake Aylmer.

The population, almost entirely francophone, was 1,036 in the Canada 2021 Census.

Le Granit Regional County Municipality
Le Granit (French pronunciation: [lə ɡʁanit], lit. 'The Granite') is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec, Canada. Located directly south of Quebec City, it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches, as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine. It is named for its abundance of granite. Created in 1982, Le Granit's seat is Lac-Mégantic.
Convair Model 48 Charger
The Convair Model 48 Charger was a prototype light attack and observation aircraft of the 1960s, developed to meet a requirement for a dedicated counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft. It was a two-seat, twin-boom aircraft powered by two turboprop engines which lost out to the North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco of similar layout. Only the single prototype Model 48 was built, and this turned out to be the last complete aircraft constructed by Convair.

Twin-boom aircraft
A twin-boom aircraft has two longitudinal auxiliary spars, or "auxiliary booms" , that may contain ancillary components such as fuel tanks and/or provide a supporting structure for other items. Typically, twin tailbooms support the tail surfaces, although on some types such as the Rutan Model 72 Grizzly the booms run forward of the wing. The twin-boom configuration is distinct from twin-fuselage designs in that it retains a central fuselage.
1995–96 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team
The 1995–96 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represented Santa Clara University in the 1995-96 Season. Led by head coach Dick Davey, the Broncos finished with a record of 20–9, and a regular season record of 19–8, placing first in the West Coast Conference. After losing in the first round of the West Coast Conference tournament to Pepperdine, the school received an at-large bid into the NCAA tournament, where they beat Maryland in the first round, before being ousted by Kansas in the Round of 32. Throughout the season, Canadian point guard Steve Nash was a standout performer for the Broncos, winning his second consecutive WCC Player of the Year. Following the season, Nash would enter the NBA draft, being selected 15th overall by the Phoenix Suns. In his NBA career, Nash would play two tenures with the Suns, being named MVP twice, he would also play for the Dallas Mavericks and Los Angeles Lakers.

1996 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1996 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament took place on March 2–4, 1996. All rounds were held in Santa Clara, California, at the Toso Pavilion.

The Portland Pilots won the WCC Tournament title and an automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA tournament. Kweemada King of Portland was named Tournament MVP.
1998 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1998 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 57th edition of the Rome Masters and was part of the Super 9 of the 1998 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 1998 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The women's tournament was played from 4 May until 10 May 1998, the men's tournament was played from 11 May to 17 May 1998. Marcelo Ríos and Martina Hingis won the singles titles.

1998 WTA Tour
The WTA Tour is the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The WTA Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III and Tier IV events. ITF tournaments are not part of the WTA Tour, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.
2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship Pool E
Pool E is one of eight pools of the preliminary round of the 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship. The pool consists of Turkey as well as Canada, Bulgaria, and Spain. Teams are playing one another in a round-robin, where the top two teams advancing to the final round.

It is currently taking place from 23 to 27 August 2025, with rest days on 24 and 26 August. Each matchday features two games, held at 16:00 and 19:30. As the seeded team, Turkey would play at 19:30 in the first two matches, except for the final match against Canada, which would be played at 16:00 due to a broadcast time conflict with the China vs. Dominican Republic match in Pool F.

2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship final round
The final round of the 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship was the second and final stage of the competition, following the preliminary round. The top two teams from each pool advanced to the final round to compete in a single-elimination format. There were 16 matches in the final round, including a third-place match played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

It took place from 23 August to 7 September, with rest days on 2 and 5 September. Each matchday featured two games: at 17:00 and 20:30 for the round of 16 and the quarterfinals, and at 15:30 and 19:30 for the semifinals, 3rd place match, and the final.
Jeffrey Vallance
Jeffrey Karl Reese Vallance (born January 25, 1955, in Redondo Beach, California) is an American contemporary artist who lives and works in Los Angeles, California. His projects are combinations of object-making, installation, performance, curation, and anthropological study.

Otis College of Art and Design
Otis College of Art and Design is a private art and design school in Los Angeles, California, United States. Established in 1918, it was the city's first independent professional school of art. The main campus is located in the former IBM Aerospace headquarters at 9045 Lincoln Boulevard in Westchester, Los Angeles. The school's programs, accredited by the WSCUC and National Association of Schools of Art and Design, include BFA and MFA degrees.
Vetosmylus
Vetosmylus is an extinct genus of lance lacewing from the Middle Jurassic. Both species were described from the Jiulongshan Formation near Daohugou Village, China, which dates back to the Aalenian–Bajocian boundary. It bears close resemblance to extant genera, particularly Parosmylus. The well-preserved female genitalia of V. maculosus are extremely similar to that of Parosmylus. Vetosmylus is the oldest member of the subfamily Osmylinae thus far known, significantly extending its temporal range. No unambiguous representatives exist between Vetosmylus and an Osmyline from the Eocene-aged Florissant formation, suggesting there is a heretofore unknown ghost lineage in between.

Neuroptera
The insect order Neuroptera, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron), meaning "nerve", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing", also known as net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order consists of some 6,000 species. Neuroptera is grouped together with the Megaloptera (alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) in the unranked taxon Neuropterida (once known as Planipennia).

Adult neuropterans have four membranous wings, all about the same size, with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, and continued to diversify through the Mesozoic era. During this time, several unusually large forms evolved, especially in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae, often called "the butterflies of the Jurassic" for their large, patterned wings.