hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Symphonia
Symphonia (Greek συμφωνία) is a much-discussed word, applied at different times to the bagpipe, the drum, the hurdy-gurdy, and finally a kind of clavichord. The sixth of the musical instruments enumerated in Book of Daniel, Daniel 3 (verses 5, 10 and 15), translated "dulcimer" in the 17th-century King James Bible; in all probability it refers to the bagpipe.

The symphonia, signifying drum, is mentioned in Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae under the entries for tympanum and sambuca.

"Symphonia" or chifonie was applied during the 13th and 14th centuries, in the Latin countries more especially, to the hurdy-gurdy. "Symphonia" is applied by Praetorius to an instrument which he classed with the clavichord, spinet, regal and virginals, but without giving any clue to its distinctive characteristics.

Clavichord
The clavichord is a stringed rectangular keyboard instrument that was used largely in the Late Middle Ages, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras.
Historically, it was mostly used as a practice instrument and as an aid to composition, not being loud enough for larger performances.  The clavichord produces sound by striking brass or iron strings with small metal blades called tangents. Vibrations are transmitted through the bridge(s) to the soundboard.
2020 Amex-Istanbul Challenger
The 2020 Amex-Istanbul Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 33rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey between 19 and 25 October 2020.

2020 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2020 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2020 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 57 tournaments with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $162,480. It was the 43rd edition of challenger tournaments cycle and 12th under the name of Challenger Tour.

The Challenger Tour was suspended between 13 March and 16 August due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thomas Fowler (courtier)
Thomas Fowler (died 1590) was an English lawyer, diplomat, courtier, spy, servant of the Countess of Lennox, broker of the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley, steward of the Earl of Leicester, advisor to James VI of Scotland and the Scottish ambassador in London, Archibald Douglas.

Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (21 September 1516 – 4 September 1571) was a leader of the Catholic nobility in Scotland. He was the paternal grandfather of King James VI of Scotland. He owned Temple Newsam in Yorkshire, England.
Manitoba Colony, Mexico
Manitoba Colony is a large community of Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites mostly north of Ciudad Cuauhtémoc in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico. It was founded in 1922 by Old Colony Mennonites from Manitoba, Canada, and consisted originally of 47 villages. It is the largest and oldest Mennonite colony in Mexico.

In 1926, the Manitoba settlement consisted of 3,340 persons; in 1949, the number had grown to 7,706; and in 1953,the number was 8,768. In 1987, the total population of the Manitoba settlement was around 12,500 persons and 17,000 in 2006.

Adjacent to Manitoba Colony is Swift Current Colony. Further to the north are the Ojo de la Yegua Colony (Nordkolonie), Santa Rita Colony, and Santa Clara Colony. West of Santa Rita Colony is Los Jagueyes Colony (Quellenkolonie). Altogether these Mennonite colonies stretch over 100 km and have some 50,000 Mennonite residents (2015).

Mennonites in Mexico
According to a 2022 census, there were 74,122 Mennonites living in Mexico, the vast majority of which are established in the state of Chihuahua, followed by Campeche at around 15,000, with the rest living in smaller colonies in the states of Durango, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí and Quintana Roo.

Their settlements were first established in the 1920s. In 1922, 3,000 Mennonites from the Canadian province of Manitoba established in Chihuahua. By 1927, Mennonites reached 10,000 and they were established in Chihuahua, Durango and Guanajuato.

Worsening poverty, water shortages and drug-related violence across northern Mexico have provoked significant numbers of Mennonites living in Durango and Chihuahua to relocate abroad in recent years, especially to Canada, and to other regions of the Americas. Between 2012 and 2017 alone, it is estimated that at least 30,000 Mexican Mennonites emigrated to Canada.
Thomas Charles Hope
Thomas Charles Hope FRSE FRS PRCPE FFPSG (21 July 1766 – 13 June 1844) was a Scottish physician, chemist and lecturer. He proved the existence of the element strontium, and gave his name to Hope's Experiment, which shows that water reaches its maximum density at 4 °C (39 °F).

In 1815 Hope was elected as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1815–19), and as vice-president of Royal Society of Edinburgh (1823–33) during the presidencies of Walter Scott and Thomas Makdougall Brisbane.

Charles Darwin was one of Hope's students at the college, and Darwin viewed his chemistry lectures as highlights in his otherwise largely dull education at the university.

Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland
The Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland (RHASS) was founded in Edinburgh in 1784 as the Highland Society of Edinburgh. The society is responsible for organising the annual Royal Highland Show.
Bunium luristanicum
Bunium luristanicum is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae described by Karl Heinz Rechinger. Bunium luristanicum is placed in the family Apiaceae. For this species, no subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. It is found in western and southwestern Iran.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Tom Stewart (actor)
Tom Byam Shaw (also known as Tom Purbeck, Tag Stewart, and Tom Stewart) is an English actor. The son of  producer Matthew Byam Shaw and actor Melanie Thaw, and grandson of actor Sheila Hancock, Byam Shaw studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.

John Thaw
John Edward Thaw CBE (3 January 1942 – 21 February 2002) was an English actor. He became best known for his television roles starring as Detective Inspector Jack Regan in The Sweeney (1975–78) and as Detective Chief Inspector Morse in Inspector Morse (1987–2000). He also worked on stage and in films.

For four consecutive years, Thaw was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor for playing Morse, winning in 1990 and 1993. In 1988, he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for the film Cry Freedom. In 2001, he was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship.
Vinyl roof
A Vinyl roof is a vinyl covering for an automobile's top.

This covering was originally designed to give the appearance of a convertible to models with a fixed roof, but eventually evolved into a styling statement in its own right. Vinyl roofs were most popular in the North American market, and they are considered one of the period hallmarks of the 1970s domestic cars. Vinyl roofs were also popular on European- (especially UK-) and Japanese-built cars during the 1970s, and tended to be applied to sporting or luxury trim versions of standard saloon (sedan) models.

Kaiser Motors
Kaiser Motors (formerly Kaiser-Frazer) Corporation made automobiles at Willow Run, Michigan, United States, from 1945 until 1953. In 1953, Kaiser merged with Willys-Overland to form Willys Motors Incorporated, moving its production operations to the Willys plant at Toledo, Ohio, where the company continued to build automobiles under the Kaiser marque including the Kaiser Darrin until 1955. Their South American operations continued to build passenger cars well up into the 1960s. The company changed its name to Kaiser Jeep Corporation in 1963.
FSV Wacker 90 Nordhausen
FSV Wacker 90 Nordhausen is a German association football club from Nordhausen, Thuringia.

The club's greatest success has been promotion to the Regionalliga Nordost in 1995 and 2013. It has also won the Thuringia Cup on four occasions and, through this, qualified for the first round of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup.

Thüringenliga
The Thüringenliga is the sixth tier (VI) of the German football league system and the highest league in the German state of Thuringia (German: Thüringen). Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fourth tier.
2009–2014 World Cricket League
A series of ICC World Cricket League tournaments and the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier were played between 2009 and 2014 which formed part of the Cricket World Cup qualification process for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. It was the second time the World Cricket League was used for World Cup qualification. Following the establishment of the various leagues during the preceding cycle, it was composed of eight divisions. In addition, a series of qualifying regional tournaments were played. The divisions were played in roughly consecutive order, with the lower divisions played first. The top two from each division gained promotion to the following, higher division, meaning that some teams played in more than one division during the tournament. The first tournament, in May 2009, was the 2009 ICC World Cricket League Division Seven in Guernsey.

2009 ICC World Cricket League Division Seven
The 2009 ICC World Cricket League Division Seven was a cricket tournament held in May 2009 in Guernsey. The tournament was the first stage of qualification structure for the 2015 World Cup as well as part of the wider ICC World Cricket League. The two leading teams of the tournament were promoted to Division Six later the same year.
Heidi Levine
Heidi Levine (born 1961–1962) is an American freelance photojournalist who has worked for the Associated Press, Sipa Press, and The Washington Post. She has spent much of her career covering the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

International Women's Media Foundation awards
The International Women's Media Foundation awards are annual prizes for women journalists awarded by the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) since its foundation in 1990: the Courage in Journalism Award (awarded since 1990); the Lifetime Achievement Award (awarded from 1991 to 2018); the Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award (awarded since 2015); the Gwen Ifill Award (awarded since 2017); and the Wallis Annenberg Justice for Women Journalists Award (awarded since 2021).

The 2014 award ceremonies were on October 22 in New York, and October 29 in Los Angeles.
Bruno Xavier (beach soccer)
Bruno da Silva Xavier (born 15 August 1984) is a Brazilian beach soccer player who plays as a defender. He is the captain of the Brazil national team and lead the team to the 2017 World Cup title.

During the 2010s, Xavier was considered one of the world's best players, having been bestowed the title of Best Player at the 2014 Beach Soccer Stars awards ceremony, and as one of the major icons of the game. He is currently the 8th highest scorer of all time for the Brazilian national team, the highest ranked of any active player.

2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
The 2019 CONMEBOL qualifiers for the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, (natively in Spanish: CONMEBOL Eliminatorias al Mundial de la FIFA de Fútbol Playa Brasil 2019) was the eighth edition of the Beach Soccer World Cup qualification championship contested by the men's national teams of South America to determine the best beach soccer nation on the continent, organised by CONMEBOL. The tournament acted as a qualifying event to the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup in Asunción, Paraguay, with the top two finishing nations progressing to the finals in addition to Paraguay who qualify automatically as hosts.

The competition took place from 28 April to 5 May 2019 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Brazil were the defending champions and winners.
NBA 2K25
NBA 2K25 is a 2024 basketball video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K. Based on the National Basketball Association (NBA), it is the 26th installment in the NBA 2K series and is the successor to NBA 2K24 (2023). The game was released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on September 6, 2024. It was also released for iOS, macOS and tvOS through Apple Arcade on October 3, 2024.

NBA 2K
NBA 2K is an American series of basketball sports simulation video games developed by Visual Concepts and released annually since 1999. The premise of the series is to emulate the sport of basketball and the National Basketball Association.

The series was originally published by Sega. Beginning with 2005's NBA 2K6, the series is currently published by 2K (previously under the 2K Sports sub-label). As of 2024, the series consists of 25 main installments and several spinoff titles across eighteen different platforms. An official eSports league, the NBA 2K League, launched in 2018.

Until 2018, the series' primary rival was the NBA Live series published by EA Sports.
Pitusiray
Pitusiray is a 4,991-metre-high (16,375 ft) mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Calca District, north of the Vilcanota River. Pitusiray is situated southeast of Huamanchoque and south of another mountain known as Ancasmarca, Pitusiray or Sallcasa which lies beyond the two valleys north of this mountain and northeast of Huamanchoque.

Ancasmarca
Ancasmarca, also known as Pitusiray or Sallcasa, is a 5,198-metre-high (17,054 ft) mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Calca District, north of the Vilcanota River. Ancasmarca is situated northeast of Huamanchoque, southeast of Canchacanchajasa, south of Sahuasiray, and southwest of Ccerayoc and Condorhuachana.
Gmina Majdan Królewski
Gmina Majdan Królewski is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kolbuszowa County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Majdan Królewski, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Kolbuszowa and 43 km (27 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 155.8 square kilometres (60.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,634.

Kolbuszowa
Kolbuszowa [kɔlbuˈʂɔva] (Yiddish: קאלבאסאוו) is a small town in south-eastern Poland, with 88911 inhabitants (02.06.2009). 
Situated in the Sandomierz Forest in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, it is the capital of Kolbuszowa County. Kolbuszowa belongs to historic Lesser Poland, near its border with another historic region, Czerwień Cities/Red Ruthenia.
Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 470
The Men's 470 was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics program in Rio de Janeiro, in the 470 dinghy. It took place between 10 and 17 August at Marina da Glória. 11 races (the last one a medal race) were held.

The medals were presented by Barry Maister, IOC member, New Zealand and Carlo Croce, President of World Sailing.

Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held from 8–18 August at Marina da Gloria in Guanabara Bay. The sailing classes had two changes from the 2012 Summer Olympics events. There were 10 events.
Promising Lead
Promising Lead (foaled 6 March 2004) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She did not race until she was three years old in 2007 when she won a maiden race on her debut and went on to win the Upavon Fillies' Stakes before being narrowly beaten in the Group 1 Prix de l'Opéra. In the following year she won the Middleton Stakes and the Pretty Polly Stakes on her only two starts. As a broodmare she produced several minor winners.

Danehill (horse)
Danehill (26 March 1986 – 13 May 2003) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who was the most successful sire of all time with 349 stakes winners and 89 Grade 1 winners. He was the leading sire in Australia nine times, the leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland three times and the leading sire in France twice.
Manchester Parish
The Parish of Manchester (Jamaican Patois: Manchesta) is a parish located in west-central Jamaica, in the county of Middlesex. Its capital, Mandeville, is a major business centre. Its St. Paul of the Cross Pro-Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Latin Catholic Diocese of Mandeville.

Parishes of Jamaica
The parishes of Jamaica are the main units of local government in Jamaica. They were created following the English settlement of Jamaica in 1655. This administrative structure for the Colony of Jamaica developed slowly. However, since 1 May 1867, Jamaica has been divided into the current fourteen parishes. These were retained after independence in 1962. They are grouped into three historic counties, which no longer have any administrative relevance. Every parish has a coast; none are landlocked.
Merthyr & District League
The Merthyr Tydfil League is a football league covering the town of Merthyr Tydfil and surrounding areas in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, South Wales. The league is in the seventh tier of the Welsh football league system.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
In My Mother's Arms
In My Mother's Arms (Fi Ahdan Ummi) is a 2011 Iraqi film. The film is written and directed by Atia Al Daradji and Mohamed Al-Daradji, who are also the co-producers with Isabelle Stead. It stars Husham Al Thabe, Saif Slaam and Mohamed Wael. The film was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2011.

Son of Babylon
Son of Babylon (Arabic: ابن بابل) is a 2010 Iraqi drama film directed, co-produced and co-written by Mohamed Al-Daradji, Variety's Middle Eastern Filmmaker of the year 2010.

The film was developed through The Sundance Institute and was selected as Iraq's official entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards, but it didn't make the final shortlist.
Bhutanese cuisine
A staple of Bhutanese cuisine is Bhutanese red rice, which is like brown rice in texture, but has a nutty taste. It is the only variety of rice that grows at high altitudes. Other staples include buckwheat and increasingly maize.

Yak
The yak (Bos grunniens), also known as the Tartary ox, grunting ox, hairy cattle, sarlak or sarlyk, or domestic yak, is a species of long-haired domesticated cattle found throughout the Himalayan region, the Tibetan Plateau, Tajikistan, the Pamir Mountains, and as far north as Mongolia and Siberia. It is descended from the wild yak (Bos mutus).
Mauritanian shortface eel
The Mauritanian shortface eel (Panturichthys mauritanicus) is an eel in the family Heterenchelyidae (mud eels). It was described by Jacques Pellegrin in 1913. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, where it is distributed from Morocco to Guinea (including Mauritania, from which its species epithet and common name are derived). It typically dwells at a depth range of 30–1000 metres, habituating muddy substrates on the African continental shelf. Males can reach a maximum total length of 84 centimetres.

The Mauritanian shortface eel's diet primarily consists of benthic crustaceans, bivalves, and annelids.

Heterenchelyidae
The Heterenchelyidae or mud eels are a small family of eels native to the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and eastern Pacific.

Heterenchelyids are bottom-dwelling fish adapted to burrowing into soft mud. They have large mouths and no pectoral fins, and range from 32 to 149 cm (13 to 59 in) in length.  Currently, eight species in two genera are recognized in this family.

The oldest known member of the family is Pythonichthys arkansasensis, known from fossilized otoliths from the Maastrichtian and Danian of the south-central United States.
Larusso
Larusso (born Laetitia Serero; 11 October 1979) is a French singer. She won the second edition of The Masked Singer France in 2020.

She popularized songs such as "Tu m'oublieras" and "Je survivrai", the latter sung by Régine in the 1980s, which is a French adaptation of "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor.

Régine Zylberberg
Régine Zylberberg (born Régina Zylberberg; 26 December 1929 – 1 May 2022), often known mononymously as Régine (French pronunciation: [ʁeʒin]), was a Belgian-born French singer, actress, nightclub impresario, and businesswoman.

Rising to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, she built an international nightlife empire with her chain of Régine’s clubs, which became synonymous with celebrity culture, luxury, and the emerging jet set. Often called the "Queen of the Night," Regine is credited with pioneering the modern discotheque while maintaining a parallel career as a recording artist and entertainer.
Haji Bektash Veli
Haji Bektash Veli (Persian: حاجی بکتاش ولی, romanized: Ḥājī Baktāš Valī; Turkish: Hacı Bektaş Veli; Albanian: Haxhi Veli Bektashi; c. 1209–1271) was an Islamic scholar, mystic, saint and philosopher from Khorasan who lived and taught in Anatolia. His original name was Muhammad. He is also referred to as the "Sultan of Hearts" and the "Dervish of the Dervishes".

He is revered among Alevis for an Islamic understanding that is esoteric, rational and humanistic. He was one of the many figures who flourished in the Sultanate of Rum and had an important influence on the culture of Turkic nomads of Asia Minor.

Baba Rexheb
Rexheb Beqiri (18 August 1901—10 August 1995), better known by the religious name Baba Rexheb, was an Albanian Muslim scholar and Sufi. He was the founder and the head of the Bektashi tekke located in Taylor, Michigan in the United States.
Mount Izvor
Mount Izvor (Bulgarian: връх Извор, romanized: vrah Izvor, IPA: [ˈvrɤx izˈvɔr]) is the mostly ice-covered peak rising to 1646 m in the west part of Voden Heights on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  It surmounts a tributary to Fleece Glacier to the southwest.  The feature is named after the settlements of Izvor in Southeastern, Southern, Western and Northwestern Bulgaria.

Oscar II Coast
Oscar II Coast is that portion of the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Fairweather to the north, and Cape Alexander to the south. Discovered in 1893 by Captain C.A. Larsen, who named it for King Oscar II of Norway and Sweden. To the north of this coast is Nordenskjöld Coast.