hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norwegian Centre for Research Data
The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (Norwegian: Norsk senter for forskningsdata) (NSD) was a Norwegian institution established to manage data for the research community of Norway. Until 1 March 2016 it was known as Norwegian Social Science Data Services. In 2022, the organization was merged together with Uninett and Unit (Norway) into Sikt, the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research.

The centre was established in 1971 as part of the Research Council of Norway. In 2003, the NSD was restructured as a limited company, with ownership retained by the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. As of 2015, it was one of the world's largest archives for research data, employing a staff of 90 people in Bergen

NSD operated the Norwegian Scientific Index and the European database ERIH PLUS, the first of which continues to be provided by Sikt since the merger. ERIH PLUS is currently hosted by the Norwegian Directorate for Higher Education and Skills.

Uninett
Uninett was a state-owned company responsible for Norway's national research and education network. In 2022, Uninett was merged into Sikt.

The centre of operations was located at Teknobyen Innovation Centre in Trondheim. Uninett had approximately 100 employees. Any non-commercial research or educational institution such as libraries, archives and schools could be connected for a yearly fee.
Lineapelle
Lineapelle is an international trade exhibition for the tannery and leather goods sector which is held twice yearly in the fair district of Milan, Italy: in February for the following year‘s Spring/Summer season and in September for Fall/Winter. It covers an area of around 45,500 m² and features around 1,300 exhibitors and 20 thousand visitors from more than 100 countries. The first edition was held in 1981 in Milan, inspired by the Preselezione Italiana Moda shows which had been held in Florence since 1971. Lineapelle moved to Bologna in 1986.

The exhibition is organised by Lineapelle S.p.A., a Milan-based company which, since 2003,  has run Lineapelle Asia, a parallel exhibition in Canton aimed at the Asian market. It also holds previews of the ideas and trends which will be showcased at the Bologna show in Milan (Anteprima) and New York City (Trend Selection NY: ‘New trends in leather, textiles and synthetics for shoes, handbags, leathergoods and leatherwear’).

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Mike Simpson
Michael Keith Simpson (born September 8, 1950) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Idaho's 2nd congressional district since 1999. The district covers most of the eastern portion of the state, including Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Sun Valley, Twin Falls and the northern two-thirds of Boise. A member of the Republican Party, Simpson was first elected to public office in 1984, and was elected to the House in the 1998 elections, succeeding Mike Crapo. He served as Speaker of the Idaho House of Representatives from 1992 to 1998.

Generally regarded as a moderate Republican, Simpson supports DACA, work visas for illegal immigrants in farming, and was one of 18 Republicans who voted against Jim Jordan's nomination for Speaker of the House all three times.

United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies
The House Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies is a standing subcommittee within the House Appropriations Committee. The United States House Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Energy and Water Development.

The committee is chaired by Republican Chuck Fleischmann and its Ranking Member is Democrat Marcy Kaptur.
Wheeler Peak (Nevada)
Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and in White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. The summit elevation of 13,065 feet (3,982 m) makes it the second-highest peak in Nevada, just behind Boundary Peak. With a topographic prominence of 7,563 feet (2,305 m), Wheeler Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in White Pine County and the second-most prominent peak in Nevada, just behind Mount Charleston. The mountain is located in Great Basin National Park and was named for George Wheeler, leader of the Wheeler Survey of the late 19th century.

Mount Charleston
Mount Charleston, including Charleston Peak (Nuvagantu, literally "where snow sits", in Southern Paiute or Nüpakatütün in Shoshoni) at 11,916 feet (3,632 m), is the highest mountain in both the Spring Mountains and Clark County, in Nevada, United States. It is the eighth-highest mountain in the state. Well separated from higher peaks by large, low basins, Charleston Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in Nevada, and the eighth-most-prominent peak in the contiguous United States. It is one of eight ultra-prominent peaks in Nevada. It is located about 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Las Vegas within the Mount Charleston Wilderness, which is within the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area of the Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest.
Epigenetics of diabetes type 2
In recent years it has become apparent that the environment and underlying mechanisms affect gene expression and the genome outside of the central dogma of biology. It has been found that many epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation and expression of genes such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. These epigenetic mechanisms are believed to be a contributing factor to pathological diseases such as type 2 diabetes. An understanding of the epigenome of diabetes patients may help to elucidate otherwise hidden causes of this disease.

Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (EC 3.5.1.98, HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on both histone and non-histone proteins. HDACs allow histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. HDAC's action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. In general, they suppress gene expression.
1919 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1919 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 33rd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Cobh were the defending champions.

On 12 October 1919, Cobh won the championship following a 4–03 to 1–00 defeat of Youghal in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession. It remains their last championship title.

1918 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1918 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 32nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Nils were the defending champions.

On 20 October 1918, Cobh won the championship following a 0–03 to 0–01 defeat of Fermoy in the final at Midleton Sportsfield. This was their first ever championship title.
Manvendra Singh Gohil
Manvendra Singh Gohil (born September 23, 1965) is a son and probable heir of former Maharaja of Rajpipla. He is considered to be the first openly gay prince in the world, and he is known for being one of India's foremost LGBT activists. He is the Managing Director and Co-founder of Search Ends Inclusion Impact, an initiative driving transformative change through inclusive practices. He runs a charity, the Lakshya Trust, which works with the LGBT community.

Rajpipla State
The Kingdom of Rajpipla or Rajpipla State was a princely state, with full internal jurisdiction, in India ruled by the Gohil Rajput dynasty for over 600 years from around 1340 until 1948. It was the largest State, and the only first-class State, of the Rewa Kantha Agency. Among Gujarat States (as distinct from Kathiawar or Saurashtra States), Rajpipla State was the second-largest after Baroda (Vadodara) in terms of size and importance. The Gohil Rajput dynasty of Rajpipla survived the onslaught of the Sultans of Ahmedabad and the Mughals during the mediaeval period, and the Gaekwars of Baroda and the British in the modern period, to emerge as a well-administered State with contemporary infrastructure, policies and practices by the time it was merged with the Union of India on 10 June 1948.
S. R. Rana
Sardarsinhji Ravaji Rana (1870–1957), often abbreviated S. R. Rana, was an Indian independence activist, founding member of the Paris Indian Society and the vice-president of the Indian Home Rule Society.

Lala Lajpat Rai
Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਲਾਜਪਤ ਰਾਏ; 28 January 1865 - 17 November 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab). He was one of the three members of the Lal Bal Pal trio. He died of severe trauma injuries sustained in October 1928 during a baton charge by police in Lahore, when he led a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
Teniente Amin Ayub Gonzalez Airport
Teniente Ramon A. Ayub Gonzalez International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Teniente Ramon A. Ayub González) (IATA: ENO, ICAO: SGEN) is an international airport serving Encarnación, capital of the Itapúa Department of Paraguay. It is located in the Capitan Miranda district, around 14 km north of the center of Encarnación.

Itapúa Department
Itapúa (Spanish pronunciation: [itaˈpu.a]) is a department in the southern region of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Encarnación. It is divided into 30 districts, more than any other department in the country.
People's Liberation Army's Combat Readiness Levels
The PLA's combat readiness level (中国人民解放军战备等级) is the alert awareness system used by the People's Liberation Army to signal the PRC's combat readiness posture (similar to the American DEFCON system). Different readiness levels activate different set of preparatory actions by the PLA. The system has four levels, with One being the highest (possible war imminent) and Four the lowest. It is the Central Military Commission's responsibility (through the JOCC) to call changes in the readiness level. At different levels, the People's Liberation Army takes different actions to deal with different degrees of emergency.

China uses other readiness systems, such as the Firefighting Action Readiness system, and the Militia's three-level readiness system.

Combat readiness
Combat readiness is a condition of the armed forces and their constituent units and formations, warships, aircraft, weapon systems or other military technology and equipment to perform during combat military operations, or functions consistent with the purpose for which they are organized or designed, or the managing of resources and personnel training in preparation for combat.

Different armed forces maintain different levels of readiness for the troops to engage in combat, varying from minutes to months; economic considerations are a major factor in explaining the variation.
Fujiwara no Tsunekiyo
Fujiwara no Tsunekiyo (藤原 経清; died October 22, 1062) was a member of the martial Hidesato branch of the Fujiwaras and was the father of Fujiwara no Kiyohira, founder of the Northern Fujiwara dynasty in Japan.

He is said to have come from the Watari District in what is now southern Miyagi Prefecture. He served for a time as a military bureaucrat at Fort Taga in modern-day Tagajō, Miyagi Prefecture.

Tsunekiyo married a daughter of Abe no Yoritoki, leader of the Emishi who ruled the Kitakami Basin in what is now Iwate Prefecture and moved to Iwayadō Castle. When the Zenkunen War (前九年合戦) broke out he fought with the Abe forces against the Central government forces led by the governor of Mutsu Province, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi. For this he was branded a traitor. After the Abe were defeated in 1062, Tsunekiyo was beheaded with a blunt sword by Yoriyoshi personally.

Minamoto no Yoriyoshi
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (源 頼義; 988 – August 27, 1075) was a Japanese samurai lord who was the head of the Minamoto clan and served as Chinjufu-shōgun. Along with his son Minamoto no Yoshiie, he led the Imperial forces against rebellious forces in the north, a campaign called the Zenkunen War, which would be followed some years later by the Gosannen War.
Herzi Halevi
Herzl "Herzi" Halevi (Hebrew: הרצל "הרצי" הלוי; born 17 December 1967) is a retired Israeli general who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces from 16 January 2023 to 5 March 2025.

He previously served as the commander of the Israeli Southern Command, the chief of the Military Intelligence Directorate, the commander of the 91st (Territorial) Division, the commander of the 35th Paratroopers Brigade, and the commander of the Sayeret Matkal. Halevi was the first practicing Orthodox Jew to serve as the head of Israeli military intelligence.

Aluf
Aluf (Hebrew: אלוף, lit. 'champion' or "first/leader of a group" in Biblical Hebrew) is a senior military rank in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral. In addition to the aluf rank, four other ranks' names are derivatives of aluf (for which abbreviations can be used), together constituting the five highest ranks in the IDF.
Cordyceps chanhua
Cordyceps chanhua is an ascomycete fungus that parasitizes cicada larvae found in Southern China. It forms white and yellow asexual fruiting structures resembling synnema. It is known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Chan Hua which means "cicada flower". Its medicinal uses date back to the fifth century AD in China. It can also be used in various foods and tonics.

Chan-hua is previously misidentified as Isaria cicadae, another pathogen of cicada larvae. However, this name describes a fungus found in Brazil in 1838 with significant morphological and DNA differences. Other misattributed names include Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sobolifera. Due to widespread misidentification, "Isaria cicadae" has been reported to exist on other continents.

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Wola Pomianowa
Wola Pomianowa [ˈvɔla pɔmjaˈnɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pęczniew, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Pęczniew, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pęczniew
Pęczniew [ˈpɛnt͡ʂɲɛf] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pęczniew. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 51 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital, Łódź.
Del Mar Juvenile Turf Stakes
The Del Mar Juvenile Turf Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds over a distance of one mile on the turf track scheduled annually in September at Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California. The event currently carries a purse of $100,000.

Del Mar Fairgrounds
The Del Mar Fairgrounds is an event venue in Del Mar, California, United States. It hosts the annual San Diego County Fair. The venue sits on a 370-acre (1.5 km2) property along the Pacific Ocean coastline. It includes the Del Mar Racetrack, built in 1936 by the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club, with founding member Bing Crosby providing leadership.

The Del Mar Fairgrounds and Del Mar Thoroughbred Club share one address for the complex. The site is owned by the State of California and is managed by the 22nd District Agricultural Association, a state agency that hosts more than 300 annual events. Its staff organizes major annual events and runs Surfside Race Place, the year-round satellite horse racing facility. The Del Mar Thoroughbred Club leases the facilities for their live meets each year.
Yasutoshi Nishimura
Yasutoshi Nishimura (西村 康稔, Nishimura Yasutoshi; born 15 October 1962) is a Japanese politician who served as the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry from August 2022 until December 2023. Nishimura previously served as Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy from 2019 to 2021. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party, he has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2003, representing Hyogo's 9th district.

Nishimura resigned from his cabinet posts in December 2023 amid allegations of a slush fund involving himself and several other ministers and members of the LDP.

Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
The Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業大臣, Keizai-Sangyou Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council, and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Ryosei Akazawa, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Cygnus Orb-D1
Orbital-D1, also known as Orb-D1, and Cygnus 1, was the first flight of the Cygnus cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It was named after the late NASA astronaut and Orbital Sciences executive G. David Low. The flight was carried out by Orbital Sciences under contract to NASA as Cygnus' demonstration mission in the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The mission launched on 18 September 2013 at 14:58:02 UTC. Cygnus was the seventh type of spacecraft to visit the International Space Station (ISS), after the crewed Soyuz and Space Shuttle, and uncrewed Progress, ATV, HTV and Dragon 1.

Automated Transfer Vehicle
The Automated Transfer Vehicle, originally Ariane Transfer Vehicle or ATV, was an expendable cargo spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), used for space cargo transport in 2008–2015. The ATV design was launched to orbit five times, exclusively by the Ariane 5 heavy-lift launch vehicle. It effectively was a larger European counterpart to the Russian Progress cargo spacecraft for carrying upmass to a single destination—the International Space Station (ISS)—but with three times the capacity.
2021 Svijany Open
The 2021 Svijany Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 8th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Liberec, Czech Republic between 2 and 8 August 2021.

Svijany Open
The Svijany Open is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. The first edition was held in 2013. It is held annually at the Liberec Tennis Club in Liberec, Czechia.
Gozo Stadium
The Gozo Stadium (Maltese: Il-Grawnd t'Għawdex), formerly known as the Silver Jubilee Ground, is the main stadium of the island of Gozo, Malta. The Gozo Stadium, which is located in Xewkija, seats only 1,644 people but its standing areas at each end of its main stand ensure that the stadium can hold up to approximately 3,800 people, with 1,628 seated. Similar to National Stadium in Malta, the Gozo Stadium is the main venue of the local top division, the Gozo Football League First Division, and the finals of all cups organised by the Gozo Football Association are generally held at the stadium.

National Stadium, Ta' Qali
The National Stadium, locally also referred to as Ta' Qali, officially known as Grawnd Nazzjonali (Maltese for National Stadium), is a stadium located in Ta' Qali, Malta. The stadium, which also contains the headquarters of the Malta Football Association, seats 16,997 people and is, by far, the largest stadium in the country. It serves as the national football stadium of Malta and is the home stadium of the Malta national football team. The stadium, together with three other stadiums, also hosts the Maltese Premier League.
2019 Maia Challenger
The 2019 Maia Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Maia, Portugal from 18 to 24 November 2019.

2019 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2019 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2019 ATP Challenger Tour calendar had 158 tournaments scheduled, with prize money ranging from $54,160 up to $162,480. It was the 42nd edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 11th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Catto (singer)
Catto Alves (born 26 September 1987), known mononymously as Catto (formerly Filipe Catto), is a Brazilian singer and songwriter. She has worked with genres such as MPB, samba, tango, jazz, rock and bolero. She is non-binary and uses both she/her and they/them pronouns.

She has shared the stage with artists such as Maria Bethânia, Ney Matogrosso, Chico Buarque, Gilberto Gil, Beth Carvalho, Odair José, Marcelo Jeneci, Vanessa da Matta, Toquinho, Daniela Mercury, Zélia Duncan, Maria Gadú, Ana Carolina, Arnaldo Antunes, Nando Reis and Dzi Croquettes.

She frequently sings songs composed by other people, but has also authored songs of her own, both alone and in partnerships with artists such as Zélia Duncan, Tiê, Paulinho Moska and Pedro Luís.

Odair José
Odair José de Araújo (born 16 August 1948) is Brazilian singer and composer, mainly of a pop-romantic style.

He came into prominence in the Brazilian music scene in the 1970s. With a career spanning 50 years and 80 million records sold, he has released more than 40 albums, including originals, live albums, collections, and Spanish versions of his music.