hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gold gram
A gold gram is the amount of value represented by exactly one gram of gold. It is a unit of account frequently used for digital gold currencies. It is sometimes denoted by the symbol "gg", "AUG", or "GAU".

A milligram of gold is sometimes referred to as a mil or mgg. Therefore, 1 AUG = 1 gg = 1000 mgg = 1000 mil, and 1 mil = 1 mgg = 0.001 gg = 0.001 AUG.  This allows gold holdings and transfers to take place in tiny fractions of a gram (equivalent to a few cents).

A possible source of confusion is that gold is often priced on the open market in the more traditional troy ounce (one troy ounce is exactly 31.1034768 grams, which is larger than the avoirdupois ounce generally in use in the United States and has a mass of 28.35 grams). Kilogram gold prices are commonly used by the Zurich Gold Pool where 1,000 kilograms = one tonne.

Digital gold currency
Digital gold currency (DGC) is a form of electronic money (or digital currency) based on mass units of gold. It is a kind of representative money, like a US paper gold certificate at the time (from 1873 to 1933) that these were exchangeable for gold on demand. The typical unit of account for such currency is linked to grams or troy ounces of gold, although other units such as the gold dinar are sometimes used.  DGCs are backed by gold through unallocated or allocated gold storage.

Digital gold currencies are issued by a number of companies, each of which provides a system that enables users to pay each other in units that hold the same value as gold bullion. These competing providers issue a type of independent currency. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is also issuing the ZiG, a digital token backed by gold, which has also been granted legal tender status.
Aur Atoll
Aur Atoll (Marshallese: Aur [ɑurˠ]) is a coral atoll of 42 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 15 square kilometers (5.6 sq mi), but it encloses a lagoon with an area of 620 square kilometers (240 sq mi). It is located south of Maloelap Atoll. The population of Aur Atoll was 317 in 2021.

Ratak
The Ratak Chain (Ratak [rˠɑːdˠɑk], Marshallese for 'sunrise') is a chain of islands and atolls within the island nation of the Marshall Islands. It lies to the east of the country's other island chain, the Ralik Chain.  In 1999, the total population of the Ratak islands was 30,925.

The atolls and isolated islands in the chain are:

The Ratak Chain forms a continuous chain of seamounts with the Gilbert Islands to the south, which are part of Kiribati.
Lac Santé
Lac Santé is an Albertan lake best known for boating and other watersports. It has an area of 1,003 ha (2,478 acres) and is located in northern Alberta between Two Hills and St. Paul, the nearest town is Foisy. Lac Santé has two public boat launches, one in each County. There is also a public day use area at the Two Hills county boat launch.

In 1993 it was home to 150 breeding western grebes but by 2008 there were none left.

County of Two Hills No. 21
The County of Two Hills No. 21 is a municipal district in east-central Alberta, Canada. Located in Census Division No. 10, its municipal office is located in the Town of Two Hills.

The County's flag depicts an outline of the region, with a wheat bushel, cow, and oil derrick alongside the County's name and the seal of Alberta.
2016 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2016 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Southern Ontario, was held January 18 to 24 at the Brampton Curling Club in Brampton, Ontario. The winning Jenn Hanna rink represented Ontario at the 2016 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Grande Prairie, Alberta.

The final featured two rinks from the Ottawa Curling Club, the #1 ranked team in the world, skipped by Rachel Homan against 2005 Tournament of Hearts runner up Jenn Hanna, making her first provincial appearance since 2012, after taking a few seasons off. Hanna beat the Homan team 10–8 in the final, an upset as the Homan team had only lost one event all season, and led both the World Curling Tour Order of Merit ranking and money list at the time (while Hanna was ranked 69th and 80th respectively).

Ontario Women's Curling Championship
The Ontario Women's Curling Championship, formerly the Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts is the Southern Ontario provincial curling championship for women's curling. The tournament is run by Curling Ontario, the curling association for Southern Ontario. The winning team represents Team Ontario at the national Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
Waterford, Virginia
Waterford is a historic village located in western Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. Waterford lies forty-seven miles northwest of Washington, D.C. and seven miles northwest of Leesburg. In 1970, the village was designated a National Historic Landmark District in recognition of its well-preserved eighteenth- and nineteenth-century character.

In the 1810 United States census, the population center of the United States was recorded as being just northwest of the village.

National Historic Landmark District
A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a geographical area that has received recognition from the United States Government that the buildings, landscapes, cultural features and archaeological resources within it are of the highest significance and worthy of preservation.
Manolo (footballer, born 1947)
Manuel Rodríguez Alfonso (born 22 December 1947), known as Manolo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

He spent his entire career with Celta de Vigo, making 533 appearances for the club which was an all-time record for several decades.

1981–82 Segunda División
The 1981–82 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. Celta de Vigo, UD Salamanca and CD Málaga were promoted to Primera División. Burgos, AD Almería, Levante UD and Getafe Deportivo were relegated to Segunda División B.
John Moultrie, Jr. (politician)
John Moultrie, Jr.  (18 January 1729 – 1798) was an English slave owner and politician who served as deputy governor of East Florida in the years before the American Revolutionary War. He became acting governor when his predecessor, James Grant, was invalided home in 1771 and held the position until 1774. Moultrie again became a deputy under his successor, Patrick Tonyn, returning to Great Britain in 1784.

Patrick Tonyn
General Patrick George Tonyn (1725 – 30 December 1804) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of East Florida from 1774 to 1784. His governorship lasted the span of the American Revolutionary War, with East Florida being a Loyalist stronghold during the conflict.
The Outlast Trials
The Outlast Trials is a 2024 first-person psychological survival horror live service video game developed and published by Red Barrels. It serves as a prequel to both Outlast (2013) and  Outlast 2 (2017) and revolves around test subjects who are involuntarily recruited in a mysterious Cold War experiment.

First announced  in October 2019, the game was originally slated for a release on August 2021, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A closed beta was available from October 28 to November 1, 2022, until it was finally released via early access for Microsoft Windows on May 18, 2023, and fully launched for Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on March 5, 2024. The Outlast Trials received generally positive reviews from critics.

Psychological horror
Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction with a particular focus on mental, emotional, and psychological states to frighten, disturb, or unsettle its audience. The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller, and often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable, unreliable, or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense, horror, drama, tension, and paranoia of the setting and plot and to provide an overall creepy, unpleasant, unsettling, or distressing atmosphere.
Tiger Tjalkalyirri
Tiger Tjalkalyirri also known as Tiger Tjalkaljeri (c. 1906 – 2 June 1985) was a Pitjantjatjara man who was an Australian guide, elder and land-rights campaigner for his people; especially in relation to Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

Hermannsburg, Northern Territory
Hermannsburg, also known as Ntaria, is an Aboriginal community in Ljirapinta Ward of the MacDonnell Shire in the Northern Territory of Australia, 125 kilometres (78 mi); west southwest of Alice Springs, on the Finke River, in the traditional lands of the Western Arrarnta people.

Established as a Lutheran Aboriginal mission in 1877, linguist and anthropologist Carl Strehlow documented the local Western Arrernte language during his time there. The  mission was known as Finke River Mission or Hermannsburg Mission, but the former term was later used to included a few more settlements, and from 2014 has applied to all Lutheran missions in Central Australia.

The land was handed over to traditional ownership in 1982 under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, and the area is now heritage-listed.
First Congregational Church (Charlotte, Michigan)
The First Congregational Church is a historic church located at 106 South Bostwick Street in Charlotte, Michigan. It was built in 1872 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It continues to serve as a Congregational church.

Charlotte, Michigan
Charlotte (/ʃɑːrˈlɒt/ shar-LOT) is a city in and the county seat of Eaton County, Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 9,299.

Charlotte is in the central portion of the county on the boundary between Eaton Township and Carmel Township but is politically independent of both. Interstate 69 serves the city and connects it to the state capital of Lansing. It is located 21 miles (34 km) from downtown Lansing.
Glossary of computer science
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including terms relevant to software, data science, and computer programming.

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Gmina Kuźnica
Gmina Kuźnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Kuźnica, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Sokółka and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 133.41 square kilometres (51.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,277.

Sokółka
Sokółka (pronounced [sɔˈkuu̯ka]; Belarusian: Саку́лка, Yiddish: סאקאלקע, romanized: Sokolke) is a town in northeastern Poland, seat of the Sokółka County in Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is a busy rail junction located on the international Warsaw–Białystok–Grodno line, with additional connections which go to Suwałki and the Lithuanian border.
Ernoul Caupain
Ernoul Caupain was a trouvère, probably active in the mid-thirteenth century. Two pastourelles, a chanson courtoise, and a religious poem have survived of his work, although one of the pastourelles has conflicting attributions in the two sources and probably is not his. His works are only transmitted in the trouvère chansonniers M and T. Gustav Gröber suggested that he was the same person as the Copin who judged a jeu parti between members of the literary circle flourishing in and around Arras.

Ernoul's poems have relatively long strophes of eleven, twelve, or fifteen lines. He typically uses octosyllables mixed with hexa- or heptasyllabic lines. They are written in what was later termed bar form, a designation from the Meistersinger repertoire. In trouvère studies, this form is usually referred to as pedes-cum-cauda form and expressed as ABABX rather than the AAB of bar form.

Trouvère
Trouvère (/truːˈvɛər/, French: [tʁuvɛʁ]), sometimes spelled trouveur (/truːˈvɜːr/, French: [tʁuvœʁ]), is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador, the precursor of the modern French word troubadour. Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the trobadors, both composing and performing lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages, but while the trobadors composed and performed in Old Occitan, the trouvères used the northern dialects of France. One of the first known trouvères was Chrétien de Troyes (fl. 1160s–1180s) and the trouvères continued to flourish until about 1300. Some 2130 trouvère poems have survived; of these, at least two-thirds have melodies.
Zambia national football team
The Zambia national football team represents Zambia in men's association football and is governed by the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ). During the 1980s, they were known as the KK 11, after founding president Dr. Kenneth Kaunda ("KK") who ruled Zambia from 1964 to 1991. After the country adopted multiparty politics, the side was nicknamed Chipolopolo which means the "Copper Bullets". The team won an Africa Cup of Nations title in 2012. This team has also become the most successful team in the COSAFA Cup, surpassing Zimbabwe after winning the 2023 edition.

Zimbabwe national football team
The Zimbabwe national football team (nicknamed The Warriors) represents Zimbabwe in men's international football and is controlled by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA), formerly known as the Football Association of Rhodesia. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations six times. Zimbabwe has also won the COSAFA Cup six times. The team represents both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Ovens Murray
The Ovens Murray subregion is part of the Hume region in north eastern Victoria. 
It includes the municipalities of Alpine Shire, City of Wodonga, Rural City of Benalla, Rural City of Wangaratta, Shire of Indigo, Shire of Mansfield, Shire of Towong.

Ovens-Murray is commonly used to refer to sporting bodies and recreational activities associated with the area, such as Australian rules football and swimming.

Alpine Shire
The Alpine Shire is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 4,788 square kilometres (1,849 sq mi) and in August 2021 had a population of 13,235.

It includes the towns of Bright, Dinner Plain, Harrietville, Mount Beauty, Myrtleford and Porepunkah. There are two unincorporated areas surrounded by the shire: the Mount Hotham and Falls Creek Alpine Resorts.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Alpine Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Bright. It also has service centres located in Dinner Plain, Mount Beauty and Myrtleford.

Over 90% of the Shire is public land. The Shire is home to two major national parks, the Alpine National Park and Mount Buffalo National Park. The Shire's economy is based on tourism, agriculture and forestry.
Lanark Group
The Lanark Group is a late Silurian to early Devonian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in southern Scotland. The name is derived from the town of Lanark. It consists of sandstones and conglomerates within the Greywacke Conglomerate and Swanshaw Sandstone formations together with a wide range of igneous lithologies within the overlying Pentland Hills Volcanic Formation. The group is itself a division of the Old Red Sandstone Supergroup.

Old Red Sandstone
Old Red Sandstone, abbreviated ORS, is an assemblage of rocks in the North Atlantic region largely of Devonian age. It extends in the east across Great Britain, Ireland and Norway, and in the west along the eastern seaboard of North America. It also extends northwards into Greenland and Svalbard. These areas were a part of the paleocontinent of Euramerica (Laurussia). In Britain it is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) to which stratigraphers accord supergroup status and which is of considerable importance to early paleontology. The presence of Old in the name is to distinguish the sequence from the younger New Red Sandstone which also occurs widely throughout Britain.
Dick Thornburgh Papers
The Dick Thornburgh Papers are the collection of materials related to Dick Thornburgh's eight years as Governor of Pennsylvania.  The Papers are housed in the Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh Library System, University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA).  The collection contains digitized content that is accessible online at no cost.  Not all the content is digitized but is available by request.  Copies of materials are provided at a small cost to cover the cost of making the copies and mailing them.

Archives Service Center
The Archives Service Center (ASC) is one of the main repositories within the University Library System at the University of Pittsburgh and houses collections of various manuscripts, media, maps, and other materials of historical, social, and scientific content. It houses and functions as the repository for collections that document and describe the history of the Western Pennsylvania region, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the city of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh.
Lycopane
Lycopane (C40H82; 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriacontane), a 40 carbon alkane isoprenoid, is a widely present biomarker that is often found in anoxic settings. It has been identified in anoxically deposited lacustrine sediments (such as the Messel formation and the Condor oil shale deposit). It has been found in sulfidic and anoxic hypersaline environments (such as the Sdom Formation). It has been widely identified in modern marine sediments, including the Peru upwelling zone, the Black Sea, and the Cariaco Trench. It has been found only rarely in crude oils.

Photoautotroph
Photoautotrophs are organisms that can utilize light energy from sunlight, and elements (such as carbon) from inorganic compounds, to produce organic materials needed to sustain their own metabolism (i.e. autotrophy). Such biological activities are known as photosynthesis, and examples of such organisms include plants, algae and cyanobacteria.

Eukaryotic photoautotrophs absorb photonic energy through the photopigment chlorophyll (a porphyrin derivative) in their endosymbiont chloroplasts, while prokaryotic photoautotrophs use chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls present in free-floating cytoplasmic thylakoids. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform oxygenic photosynthesis that produces oxygen as a byproduct, while some bacteria perform anoxygenic photosynthesis.
2004 PP national party congress
The People's Party (PP) held its 15th national congress in Madrid from 1 to 3 October 2004, to renovate its governing bodies—including the post of president, which amounted to that of party leader—and establish the party platform and policy until the next congress. The congress slogan was "Spain, the hope that unites us" (Spanish: España, la ilusión que nos une), and it saw Mariano Rajoy being elected unopposed as party president, with 98.4% of the delegate vote in the congress (2,479 votes) and 1.6% of blank ballots (41).

People's Alliance (Spain)
The People's Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Popular, AP) was a post-Francoist electoral coalition, and later a conservative political party in Spain, founded in 1976 as a federation of political associations. Transformed into a party in 1977 and led by Manuel Fraga, it became the main conservative party in Spain. It was refounded as the People's Party in 1989.
Kalurkot Tehsil
Kallur Kot Tehsil  (Urdu: تحصِيل كلُوركوٹ) is a Tehsil of Bhakkar District in Punjab, Pakistan. The city of Kallurkot is the headquarters of the Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district created in 1982.

Kallurkot is the capital and largest city of Bhakkar. It is located at an elevation of 187 metres (614 feet) above sea level and its population is 35,574. It is located at 31˚37’60N 71˚4’0E at an elevation of 187 metres (614 feet) and lies on the left bank of the Indus River. It has a population of almost 253758/ ref (2017).

Bhakkar District
Bhakkar District  (Urdu: ضِلع بھكّر),  is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.  The district was created out of parts of Mianwali in 1982, and has the city of Bhakkar as its headquarters. Part of its area consists of a riverine tract along the Indus, called Kaccha, while most of the district area lies in the desolate plain of the Thal Desert.

Located in the west of the Punjab province, Bhakkar district is bordered by Layyah to the south, Jhang to the southeast, Dera Ismail Khan to the west, Khushab to the northeast, and Mianwali to the north.
Reginald of Bologna
Reginald (or Rayner) of Bologna (died 1256) was the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland from 1247 until his death. He was highly praised by Humbert de Romans, Bernard Gui, Antonio Pierozzi, Leander Alberti, and Thomas Malvenda in his Annals.

Archbishop of Armagh
The Archbishop of Armagh is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name from the see city of Armagh in Northern Ireland. Since the Reformation, there have been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also holds the title of Primate of All Ireland.

In the Church of Ireland, the archbishop is John McDowell, who is the ecclesiastical head of the Church of Ireland and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Armagh. He was elected as archbishop in March 2020 and translated to the role on 28 April 2020.

In the Catholic Church, the archbishop is Eamon Martin, who is the ecclesiastical head of the Catholic Church in Ireland, metropolitan of the Province of Armagh and the ordinary of the Archdiocese of Armagh. He succeeded on 8 September 2014, having been ordained Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh on 21 April 2013 at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh.
Cattle age determination
The age of cattle is determined chiefly by examination of the teeth, and less perfectly by the horn rings or the length of the tail brush; due to bang-tailing, which is the act of cutting the long hairs at the tip of the tail short to identify the animal after management practices, the last method is the least reliable.

This determination is less relevant in late 20th-century and 21st-century cattle-raising, as ear tags are applied to cattle nearly from birth and upon sale which allows a check of records of when precisely a particular cattle was born, traded, their medical history, and so on.  A check of the dentition can still be helpful for when trading with unmarked cattle raised in more traditional systems, or when a cattle buyer wishes to verify a seller's records as accurate.

Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.