hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cerebral AVM, CAVM, cAVM, brain AVM, or BAVM) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain—specifically, an arteriovenous malformation in the cerebrum.

Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.
Enemies of the People (headline)
"Enemies of the people" was the headline to an article by British newspaper the Daily Mail's political editor James Slack, published on 4 November 2016.  The headline and associated article were about the three judges who had ruled the UK Government would require the consent of Parliament to give notice of Brexit.  The headline was widely criticised as being inappropriately condemnatory and attracted numerous complaints, given the British judiciary is independent of the Government.  The court had ruled on the question of whether the Constitution of the United Kingdom permitted the government to use the royal prerogative to invoke Article 50, or whether it would need to be authorised by an explicit act of Parliament to do so.

Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.

The large type front page headline did not come into use until the late 19th century when increased competition between newspapers led to the use of attention-getting headlines.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as  headlinese, designed to meet stringent space requirements by, for example, leaving out forms of the verb "to be" and choosing short verbs like "eye" over longer synonyms like "consider".
Brenda Morehead
Brenda Morehead (born October 5, 1957) is an American sprinter.

Morehead ran for Toledo Scott High School; where she participated in the first girls high school meet, winning four events and leading her team to victory. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Morehead qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. She did however receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
2013 Missouri's 8th congressional district special election
A special election for Missouri's 8th congressional district was held on June 4, 2013, following the resignation of Jo Ann Emerson on January 22, 2013, to head the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. The Republican and Democratic parties selected their own nominees without a primary.

The deadline to request an absentee ballot for the special election was May 29, 2013. A televised candidates' forum took place on May 27, 2013, at Southeast Missouri State University-River Campus; all party candidates participated, while the write-in candidate did not attend. In the general election on June 4, 2013, Republican Jason Smith received 67.1% of the vote, beating Democrat Steve Hodges (27.4%), Constitutional Doug Enyart (3.6%), and Libertarian Bill Slantz (1.5%).

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
École du Sommet
École Secondaire du Sommet is a French public high school in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is part of the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial. It opened in 2010 with grades 6 to 11, and now serves grades 6 to 12. It was established to diminish the number of students from the overcrowded school École du Carrefour, and now accommodates over 600 students. It is situated on Larry Uteck Boulevard. The mascot of this school is the Cougar. It was officially opened 5 December in 2010 even though students started in September. The current principal of the school is Joël Arsenault alongside vice principal Émilie Vaillancourt.

École du Carrefour
École du Carrefour is a Canadian francophone public school in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia for students in grades 4 through 8. It is operated by the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial (CSAP). It is located in the same building as the French community centre, Conseil Communautaire du Grand Havre. École du Carrefour's mascot is a leopard and the school colours are grey and purple.
Daniel Weichel
Daniel Weichel (born November 22, 1984) is a German professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Lightweight division of the Oktagon MMA. He previously competed in Bellator MMA, M-1 Global and Shooto.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
De Havilland Mosquito operational history
The de Havilland Mosquito was a British light bomber that served in many roles during and after the Second World War. Mosquito-equipped squadrons performed  medium bomber, reconnaissance, tactical strike, anti-submarine warfare and shipping attack and night fighter duties, both defensive and offensive.  Mosquitos were widely used by the RAF Pathfinder Force, which marked targets for night-time strategic bombing. Despite an initially high loss rate due to low-level daylight attack operations, the Mosquito ended the war with the lowest losses of any of the aircraft types in RAF Bomber Command service.

No. 105 Squadron RAF
No. 105 Squadron was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force, active for three periods between 1917 and 1969. It was originally established during the First World War as a squadron of the Royal Flying Corps and disbanded after the war. Reactivated shortly before the Second World War, it was inactive again after the conflict. During its second existence it was a bomber unit and had the distinction to be the first to operate the de Havilland Mosquito light bomber. During the 1960s it was reactivated again for six years to provide transport support for the British Army in the Aden Protectorate and the Far East.
Handsome Sailor
Handsome Sailor (30 April 1983 – 1997) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A specialist sprinter, he showed useful, but unremarkable form in his first two seasons, winning three of his nine starts as a juvenile and two from four in an abbreviated three-year-old campaign. He emerged as a top-class performer in 1987, winning the Duke of York Stakes in England and the Prix de Ris-Orangis in France. He was even better as a five-year-old, winning a second Duke of York Stakes and adding victories in the Temple Stakes, William Hill Sprint Championship and Prix de l'Abbaye. His form was less impressive in 1989 but ended his racing career with a victory in the Flying Five. He was not a success as a breeding stallion and died in 1997 at the age of fourteen.

Doncaster Racecourse
Doncaster Racecourse (also known as the Town Moor course) is a racecourse in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It hosts two of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the St Leger Stakes and the Racing Post Trophy.
Eder Uplands
The Eder Uplands (German: Ederbergland, German pronunciationⓘ) refers to a region in North Hesse in Germany. It covers several municipalities that lies around the upper reaches of the Eder river on the edge of the Rothaar Mountains. The Eder Uplands includes a large part of the old county of Frankenberg, which was absorbed into Waldeck-Frankenberg in the wake of the administrative reforms.

In addition to Frankenberg, the municipalities of the Eder Uplands include Battenberg, Allendorf, Hatzfeld and Bromskirchen. The term Eder Uplands (Ederbergland) is used especially in the tourism industry.

Rothaar Mountains
The Rothaar Mountains (German: Rothaargebirge, pronounced [ˈʁoːthaːɐ̯ɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ, also Rotlagergebirge), or Rothaar, is a low mountain range reaching heights of up to 843.1 m in North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse, Germany.

It is believed that its name must once have been Rod-Hard-Gebirge, or "the cleared forest mountain range", as the range has nothing whatsoever to do with the colour red (rot in German), nor with hair (Haar).
Cedar River (New York)
The Cedar River is a 38.5-mile-long (62.0 km) river in the central Adirondacks, in Hamilton County, New York. It rises at the outlet of Cedar Lake in the Town of Arietta and flows northeast into the Town of Lake Pleasant, where it passes through the Cedar River Flow. Continuing northeast and east, it passes through the Town of Indian Lake and remote corners of the Towns of Minerva and Newcomb to join the Hudson River northeast of the hamlet of Indian Lake. The Northville-Placid Trail goes past the Cedar Lakes and along the Cedar River to the flow.

Indian Lake (hamlet), New York
Indian Lake is a hamlet located in the Town of Indian Lake in Hamilton County, New York, United States. Adirondack Lake is located northeast of the hamlet and Indian Lake is located south of the hamlet. NY 28 and NY 30 run through the hamlet.

Indian Lake has a post office with zip code 12842, located at 6316 State Highway 30. The Indian Lake Central School is located here at 28 West Main Street.
Hanumant Singh
Hanumant Singh (pronunciationⓘ; 29 March 1939 – 29 November 2006) was an Indian cricketer. He played in 14 Test matches for the Indian cricket team from 1964 to 1969. He was later an International Cricket Council match referee in 9 Tests and 54 One Day Internationals from 1995 to 2002.

Rajasthan cricket team
The Rajasthan cricket team is a cricket team which represents the Indian state of Rajasthan. The team won the Ranji Trophy in the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, having finished runners-up eight times between 1960–61 and 1973-74. It is currently in the Ranji Trophy Elite group. It is run by the Rajasthan Cricket Association and is popularly known as "Team Rajasthan".
Pseudanidorus
Pseudanidorus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Aderidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

Pseudanidorus cyprius (Baudi, 1877)

Pseudanidorus laesicollis (Fairmaire, 1883)

Aderidae
The Aderidae, sometimes called ant-like leaf beetles, are a family of beetles that bear some resemblance to ants. The family consists of about 1,000 species in about 40 genera, of which most are tropical, although overall distribution is worldwide.

As with the Anthicidae, their heads constrict just in front of the pronotum, forming a neck, although the posterior end of the pronotum is not usually as narrow. The eyes are hairy with a granular appearance. The first two abdominal sternites are fused, and in only some groups is a suture even visible. Sizes are 1–4 mm.

As the name suggests, most adults are found on the undersides of the leaves of shrubs and trees, while larvae have been found in rotting wood, leaf litter, and nests of other insects.

As of 2002, the last publication of a world catalog of the family was that of Maurice Pic in 1910.

The oldest confirmed member of the family is Gryzmalia from the mid Cretaceous Burmese amber of Myanmar.
1986 Grand National
The 1986 Grand National (officially known as the Seagram Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 140th running of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 5 April 1986.

The race was won by nine-year-old 15/2 second favourite West Tip, ridden by jockey Richard Dunwoody. in a time of 9 minutes, 33 seconds for a prize of £57,254. The winner was owned by Mr Peter Luff and trained in Droitwich, Worcestershire by Michael Oliver.

Aintree Racecourse
Aintree Racecourse is a racecourse in Aintree, Merseyside, England, near to Liverpool. The racecourse is the venue for the Grand National steeplechase, which takes place annually in April over three days. Aintree also holds meetings in May, October (Sunday), November and December (both Saturdays).

The Aintree Racecourse had suffered three major disruptions in post-war history, starting with the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and no winner was announced, followed by the 1997 Grand National, postponed to Monday because of an IRA bomb threat and the 2023 Grand National was delayed due to Animal Rights protesters.
Montecristo National Park
Montecristo National Park is a large national park centered on the Montecristo cloud forest in Mesoamerica. Montecristo National Park is located in the north-western tip of El Salvador, a country in Central America known for its wildlife diversity.

It was founded in 2008, and covers an area of 19.73 km2. The national park, together with Montecristo Trifinio National Park in Honduras and Trifinio Biosphere Reserve in Guatemala, form the Trifinio Fraternidad Transboundary Biosphere Reserve.

Montecristo Trifinio National Park
Montecristo Trifinio National Park is a national park in Honduras. It was established on 1 January 1987 and covers an area of 54 square kilometres.

The Montecristo massif is an area where the borders of Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador meet, and its protection was a joint initiative of these three countries, which resulted in the creation of the national parks in Honduras and El Salvador, as well as the Guatemalan Trifinio Biosphere Reserve.
Xi1 Canis Majoris
Xi1 Canis Majoris is a blue-white variable star in the constellation Canis Major. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ξ1 Canis Majoris, and abbreviated Xi1 CMa or ξ1 CMa. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.3. Based on an annual parallax shift of 2.17 mas, it is located at a distance of approximately 1,510 light-years (460 pc) from Earth.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Huron Phillies
The Huron Phillies was a primary name of a minor league baseball teams based Huron, South Dakota between 1920 and 1970. Huron teams last played in the Northern League from 1965 to 1970. Previous Huron minor league teams played as members of the Dakota League in 1920, South Dakota League in 1921 and Basin League 1954 to 1962.

Huron was a minor league affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies from 1965 to 1968 and Chicago Cubs from 1969 to 1970.

Huron, South Dakota
Huron is a city in and the county seat of Beadle County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 14,263 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 14,515 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous city in South Dakota.
Xanthoparmelia subcrustosa
Xanthoparmelia subcrustosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected by Hale from Cape Province at an elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft), where he found it growing on granite boulders in karoo vegetation. The thallus of the lichen, which is tightly attached to its rock substrate, is described as "subcrustose" (almost-crust-like), and this trait is referenced in its species epithet. It is pale yellowish green in color and measures 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) broad. Although there are other subcrustose lichen in genus Xanthoparmelia, X. subcrustosa has a unique secondary metabolite (lichen product) complement, containing salazinic, norstictic, connorstictic, and usnic acids.

Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.: 134  This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, South America, southern Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.

The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is Trebouxia (a genus of green algae).
Bullskin Township/Connellsville Township Joint Sewage Authority
Bullskin Township/Connellsville Township Joint Sewage Authority is a municipal authority providing sewage treatment in Bullskin Township and Connellsville Township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

In 2008, an audit of the authority revealed billing irregularities.  A year later, the former executive director pleaded guilty to taking "unauthorized payroll disbursements" and taking cash from customers and was sentenced to up to 2 years in prison and ordered to repay $141,000.  In 2009, the authority raised sewage rates $2.70, a move that was expected to generate $30,000, which would pay for $36,000 in capital improvements.

Municipal authority (Pennsylvania)
A municipal authority is a form of special-purpose governmental unit in Pennsylvania. The municipal authority is an alternate vehicle for accomplishing public purposes without the direct action of counties, municipalities and school districts. These purposes commonly include the acquisition, financing, construction and operation of projects such as water supply and sewer systems, airports, transit systems, parking garages, flood control systems, parks, and similar entities. An authority may fix and collect rentals or other charges and may issue revenue bonds. A board appointed by the establishing government or governments governs each authority.

A municipal authority may be said to be an independent corporate agent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, exercising governmental, as well as private corporate power, in assisting the Commonwealth in meeting the needs of its citizens. Most, but not all, municipal authorities operate under Pennsylvania's Municipality Authorities Act.
Collins Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Collins Township was a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in the northeast part of what is now Pittsburgh. It included most of the present city east of Lawrenceville, north of Penn Avenue, and south of the Allegheny River. It was formed in 1850 from a northern portion of Peebles Township and was named for Thomas Collins, a prominent lawyer. On June 30, 1868, Collins Township along with the borough of Lawrenceville and the townships of Pitt, Oakland, Liberty, and Peebles were incorporated into Pittsburgh. The former Collins Township became wards 18, 19, and 21 of the expanded city.

Pitt Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Pitt Township was one of the original townships created with the formation of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 1788. It repeatedly diminished in size until dissolving into the city of Pittsburgh in 1868.
Toyocamycin
Toyocamycin is a naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotic analog of adenosine. It was first isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces toyocaensis. It has diverse biological activities including anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Besides S. toyocaensis, it is found in Streptomyces sparsogenes, Streptomyces diastatochromogenes, Streptomyces rimosus, and Tolypothrix tenuis.

Nitrile
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH3CH2C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.

Inorganic compounds containing the −C≡N group are not called nitriles, but cyanides instead. Though both nitriles and cyanides can be derived from cyanide salts, most nitriles are not nearly as toxic.
Wang Shuang (footballer)
Wang Shuang (Chinese: 王霜; pinyin: Wáng Shuāng; Mandarin pronunciation: [wǎŋ.ʂwáŋ]; born 23 January 1995) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Chinese Women's Super League club Wuhan Jiangda and the China national team. Being capped more than 100 times for her country, she is considered one of the most important players for the national team.

2019 Yongchuan International Tournament
The 2019 Yongchuan International Tournament (Chinese: 2019年茶山竹海杯永川国际女子足球邀请赛) was the 5th edition of the Yongchuan International Tournament, an invitational women's football tournament held in Yongchuan District, Chongqing, China. Unlike the previous editions of the tournament where each team played all the other teams, 2019 tournament was played in bracket format where the winners of the first round played each other and the losers of the first round played each other to determine the standings.