hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cat's Ash
Cat's Ash (Welsh: Cathonnen) is a small hamlet to the east of the city centre of the city of Newport, South East Wales.

The placename in both English and Welsh refers to ash trees.

The Usk Valley Walk passes close by.

Newport city centre
Newport city centre is traditionally regarded as the area of Newport, Wales bounded by the west bank of the River Usk, the George Street Bridge, the eastern flank of Stow Hill and the South Wales Main Line. Most of the city centre is contained within two conservation areas: the central area and the area around Lower Dock Street. Most of the city centre is located in the Stow Hill district.
ColorChecker
The ColorChecker Color Rendition Chart (often referred to by its original name, the Macbeth ColorChecker or simply Macbeth chart) is a color calibration target consisting of a cardboard-framed arrangement of 24 squares of painted samples. The ColorChecker was introduced in a 1976 paper by McCamy, Marcus, and Davidson in the Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering. The chart’s color patches have spectral reflectances intended to mimic those of natural objects such as human skin, foliage, and flowers, to have consistent color appearance under a variety of lighting conditions, especially as detected by typical color photographic film, and to be stable over time.

In 2006, Gretag-Macbeth was acquired by X-Rite. In 2021, X-Rite spun off its consumer-level calibration products to a separate company Calibrite, which is currently producing the ColorChecker under the Calibrite brand name.

Standard illuminant
A standard illuminant is a theoretical source of visible light with a spectral power distribution that is published. Standard illuminants provide a basis for comparing images or colors recorded under different lighting.
Rousham House
Rousham House (also known as Rousham Park) is a country house at Rousham in Oxfordshire, England. The house, which has been continuously in the ownership of one family, was built circa 1635 and remodelled by William Kent in the 18th century in a free Gothic style. Further alterations were carried out in the 19th century.

The celebrated gardens are open to the public every day; the house is open by appointment.

Rousham
Rousham is a village and civil parish beside the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire. The village is about 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) west of Bicester and about 6 miles (10 km) north of Kidlington. The parish is bounded by the River Cherwell in the east, the A4260 main road between Oxford and Banbury in the west, partly by the B4030 in the north, and by field boundaries with Tackley parish in the south. The 2001 Census recorded the parish's population as 80.  Rousham was founded early in the Anglo-Saxon era. Its toponym is derived from Old English meaning Hrothwulf's ham or farm.
2018 Caracas drone attack
On 4 August 2018, two drones detonated explosives near Avenida Bolívar, Caracas, where Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela, was addressing the Bolivarian National Guard in front of the Centro Simón Bolívar Towers and Palacio de Justicia de Caracas. The Venezuelan government claims the event was a targeted attempt to assassinate Maduro, though the cause and intention of the explosions is debated. Others have suggested the incident was a false flag operation designed by the government to justify repression of opposition in Venezuela.

Justice First
Justice First (Spanish: Primero Justicia) is a centre-right political party in Venezuela. Founded in 1992 as a civil association, it became a political party in 2000. Henrique Capriles was the candidate of the party in the 2013 Venezuelan presidential election.
Stag (Melvins album)
Stag  is the eighth studio album by American rock band Melvins, released in 1996 through Atlantic Records. This is the final album the band released under Atlantic before being dropped from the label. Promotional singles were released for the songs "The Bit" and "Bar-X the Rocking M", with the latter having a music video.

The record is noted for its experimental, varied content, including elements of drone, ambient, country and instruments including sitar and trombone.

Buzz Osborne
Roger "Buzz" Osborne (born March 25, 1964), also known as King Buzzo, is an American guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He is a founding member of the rock band Melvins, as well as Fantômas and Venomous Concept.
My Favorite Things: Coltrane at Newport
My Favorite Things: Coltrane at Newport is a live album by jazz musician John Coltrane released by Impulse! in 2007. It brings together tracks from performances by Coltrane's quartet at the Newport Jazz Festival in Newport, Rhode Island on July 7, 1963, and July 2, 1965.

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Screaming Females
Screaming Females was an American rock band from New Brunswick, New Jersey comprising Marissa Paternoster on vocals and guitar, Jarrett Dougherty on drums, and Mike Abbate on bass. They released their debut album Baby Teeth in 2006. The band were featured on NPR, Last Call with Carson Daly, and MTV. They played with bands such as Garbage, Throwing Muses,  Dinosaur Jr., The Dead Weather, Arctic Monkeys, Ted Leo & The Pharmacists and The Breeders.

Throwing Muses
Throwing Muses are an American alternative rock band formed in 1981 in Newport, Rhode Island that toured and recorded extensively until 1997, when its members began concentrating more on other projects.

The group was originally fronted by two step-sisters, Kristin Hersh and Tanya Donelly, who both wrote the group's songs. Throwing Muses are known for performing music with shifting tempos, creative chord progressions, unorthodox song structures, and surreal lyrics. The group was set apart from other contemporary acts by Hersh's stark, candid writing style; Donelly's pop stylings and vocal harmonies; and David Narcizo's unusual drumming techniques eschewing use of cymbals.
Thicketbird
The thicketbirds are a group of birds in the family Locustellidae.  Most taxonomists place them together with the songlarks in the genus Cincloramphus. They are alternatively placed in the genus Megalurus.

There are seven species:

Rusty thicketbird (Cincloramphus rubiginosus)

New Britain thicketbird (Cincloramphus grosvenori)

Buff-banded thicketbird (Cincloramphus bivittatus)

Santo thicketbird (Cincloramphus whitneyi)

New Caledonian thicketbird (Cincloramphus mariae)

Long-legged thicketbird (Cincloramphus rufus)

Bougainville thicketbird (Cincloramphus llaneae)

Guadalcanal thicketbird (Cincloramphus turipavae)

New Caledonian thicketbird
The New Caledonia thicketbird or New Caledonia grassbird (Cincloramphus mariae), is a bird species. Previously placed in the "Old World warbler" family Sylviidae, it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it belongs in the grass warbler family Locustellidae. This species is endemic to New Caledonia.

This is a long-tailed, medium-sized "warbler" with a distinctive bold white supercilium. The bird's plumage is unstreaked, with olive-brown uppersides (including the crown and wings) and creamy white undersides.

The New Caledonia grassbird typically inhabits scrubby areas in the lowlands and hills of New Caledonia, particularly maquis minier with ferns, but also secondary forest and grasslands, and has even been seen in dense rainforest. It is generally solitary or seen in pairs and is non-migratory. The New Caledonian grassbird favours dense cover and is retiring in its habits and is a difficult bird to observe or study.
Moana Pasifika
Moana Pasifika is a professional rugby union team based in New Zealand and made up of players from various Pacific Island nations as well as New Zealand or Australian born players of Pasifika heritage, including Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and the Cook Islands who play in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. Many of its players represent Tonga and Samoa at the international level, while it also includes current and former All Blacks such as brothers Ardie and Julian Savea.

The team was originally created for a one-off match against the Māori All Blacks in December 2020, with the future intention of trying to join the Super Rugby competition.

Moana Pasifika were granted a conditional licence and subsequently an unconditional licence in April and July 2021 respectively, to join the Super Rugby competition.

The team played its inaugural Super Rugby match on 4 March 2022.

New Zealand Rugby
New Zealand Rugby (NZR) is the governing body of rugby union in New Zealand. It was founded in 1892 as the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU), 12 years after the first provincial unions in New Zealand. In 1949 it became an affiliate to the International Rugby Football Board, now known as World Rugby, the governing body of rugby union for the world. It dropped the word "Football" from its name in 2006. The brand name New Zealand Rugby was adopted in 2013. Officially, it is an incorporated society with the name New Zealand Rugby Union Incorporated.

The organisation's main objectives, as displayed in the NZR Constitution, are to promote and develop rugby throughout New Zealand; arrange and participate in matches and tours in New Zealand and overseas; represent New Zealand in World Rugby; form and manage New Zealand representative teams; and encourage participation in the sport. NZR headquarters are located in Wellington, New Zealand, with an office in Auckland.
Çemenabat
Çemenabat, also known as Çemenebit or Çemenibit (in Russian: Чеменивит), is a village in Mary Province, Tagtabazar District, Turkmenistan. The settlement lies along a railway and the Guşgy River, circa 20 km away from Serhetabat and the border with Afghanistan. It is the only village and the seat of the Çemenabat rural council. In 2022, it had a population of 3,250 people.

Serhetabat
Serhetabat (Turkmen pronunciation: [seɾˌhetɑˈbɑːt]), formerly known as Guşgy or Kushka (Russian: Кушка), is a city in Tagtabazar District, Mary Province,Turkmenistan. Serhetabat lies in the valley of the Guşgy River, bordering Afghanistan. The city mirrors Torghundi, Afghanistan, with which it is connected by a road and a 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge railway. In 2022, it had a population of 16,038 people.
Nevada State Route 795
State Route 795 (SR 795) is a short state highway in southern Humboldt County, Nevada, United States. One of Nevada's newest state routes, SR 795 (named Reinhart Lane for entire route) primarily serves as a connector road north of Winnemucca.

Winnemucca, Nevada
Winnemucca (/ˌwɪnəˈmʌkə/ ⓘ) is the only incorporated city in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States, of which it is also the county seat, encompassing approximately half of the total population of the county. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 8,431, up 14% from the 2010 census figure of 7,396. Interstate 80 passes through the city, where it meets U.S. Route 95.
Canadian Public Health Association
The Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) is a national non-profit organization dedicated to public health.

The association was founded in 1910 by the editors of the Public Health Journal, which became the Canadian Public Health Journal under the auspices of the new organization. CPHA's objective was to establish professional standards for the field of public health and to advance research in the area. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was named as the patron of the new organization, and its first president was T.A. Starkey of McGill University. CPHA received a federal charter in 1912. The organization celebrated its centenary in 2010.

The Association journal was later called the Canadian Journal of Public Health. It is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Public Health Agency of Canada
The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC; French: Agence de la santé publique du Canada, ASPC) is an agency of the Government of Canada that is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.
Ffynnon Lloer
Ffynnon Lloer (Welsh for 'source of [the] Moon') is a lake in the Carneddau range of mountains in Snowdonia, North Wales.  It lies below the peaks of Pen yr Ole Wen and Carnedd Dafydd at a height of 2,225 feet (678 m) and covers an area of some 6 acres (2.43 ha).

The remains of two wartime aircraft, which crashed in 1942 and 1943, lie on the slopes round the lake.

Afon Lloer, its outflow, flows into Llyn Ogwen.

Carneddau
The Carneddau (lit. 'the cairns'; Carneddau is a Welsh plural form, and is sometimes anglicised to Carnedds) are a group of mountains in Snowdonia, Wales. They include the largest contiguous areas of high ground (over 2,500 feet (760 m) or 3,000 feet (910 m) high) in Wales and England (although larger areas over 2,000 feet (610 m) are found in Northern England), as well as six or seven of the highest peaks in the country—the Fifteen Peaks. The range also encloses a number of lakes such as Llyn Cowlyd and Llyn Eigiau, and the Aber Falls waterfall. It is delimited by the Irish Sea to the north, the Conwy valley to the east, and by the A5 road from Betws-y-Coed to Bethesda to the south and west. The area covers nearly 200 square kilometres (80 sq mi), about 10% of the area of Snowdonia. The area is bordered by three main roads—the A55 (to the north), the A5 to the south and the A470 to the east.
Schauren, Cochem-Zell
Schauren (German pronunciation: [ˈʃaʊʁən]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Zell, whose seat is in the municipality of Zell an der Mosel.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Houston Blue
Houston Blue: The Story of the Houston Police Department is a 2012 non-fiction book by Mitchel P. Roth and Tom Kennedy, published by the University of North Texas Press, chronicling the history of the Houston Police Department.

Jesús Jesse Esparza, in a journal article, described the book as one of "several seminal works [that] deal with the issue of police misconduct".

History of the Houston Police Department
The history of the Houston Police Department started with the founding of the City of Houston. While the department's beginning was humble, it grew more advanced as technology became available and was able to handle the various challenges that would plague various cities as well as some of the more distinctive aspects of its geography.
Daura Emirate
The Daura Emirate is a religious and traditional state in Northern Nigeria, the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace.
Muhammad Bashar became the emir in 1966, reigning for 41 years until his death in 2007, On 28 February 2007, Umar Faruk Umar became Emir of Daura succeeding Muhammad Bashar. Alh Sabiu Ibrahim Dantawai become the chairman of daura 2014

Hausa Kingdoms
Hausa Kingdoms (Masarautun Hausa), also known as Hausaland (Kasar Hausa), was a collection of states ruled by the Hausa people, before the Fulani jihads. It was situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad (modern day northern Nigeria). Hausaland lay between the Western Sudanic empires of Ancient Ghana, Mali and Songhai and the Eastern Sudanic empire of Kanem-Bornu.

Hausa oral traditions detail the Bayajidda legend, which describes the adventures of the Baghdadi hero, Bayajidda, culminating in the killing of the snake in a well at Daura and his marriage to the local queen Magajiya Daurama. According to the legend, Bayajidda's descendants founded the Hausa Bakwai (seven "true" states), as well as the Hausa Banza ("bastard" or "illegitimate" states).
Diffuse optical imaging
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods. 
When used to create 3D volumetric models of the imaged material DOI is referred to as diffuse optical tomography, whereas 2D imaging methods are classified as diffuse optical imaging.

The technique has many applications to neuroscience, sports medicine, wound monitoring, and cancer detection. Typically DOI techniques monitor changes in concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and may additionally measure redox states of cytochromes. The technique may also be referred to as diffuse optical tomography (DOT), near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) or fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT), depending on the usage.

In neuroscience, functional measurements made using NIR wavelengths, DOI techniques may classify as functional near infrared spectroscopy fNIRS.

Near-infrared window in biological tissue
The near-infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre (nm) where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue. Within the NIR window, scattering is the most dominant light-tissue interaction, and therefore the propagating light becomes diffused rapidly. Since scattering increases the distance travelled by photons within tissue, the probability of photon absorption also increases. The NIR window is primarily limited by the light absorption of blood at short wavelengths and water at long wavelengths. The technique using this window is called NIRS. Medical imaging techniques such as fluorescence image-guided surgery often make use of the NIR window to detect deep structures.
Gigi Dennis
Ginette E. Dennis (born November 28, 1961) is an American politician from Colorado, U.S. A Republican, she served as Secretary of State of Colorado from 2005 to 2006. She was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Bill Owens and succeeded Donetta Davidson. Previously, she was elected to the Colorado State Senate and served there from 1994 to 2001.

Alamosa County, Colorado
Alamosa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,376. The county seat is Alamosa. The county name is the Spanish language word for a grove of cottonwood trees.
Tak Oi Secondary School
Tak Oi Secondary School (Chinese: 德愛中學), commonly abbreviated as TOSS, is a girls' secondary school situated in Tsz Wan Shan, Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong. It was established in 1970 by the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (MIC).

Every year 4 classes for F1 to F6 would be open by TakOi Secondary School

Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin is an area in Wong Tai Sin District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area was named after the Wong Tai Sin Temple.

The area was previously known as Chuk Yuen or Chuk Un, prior to the intake of two Wong Tai Sin Estates. The populace of the estates, the prosperity of Wong Tai Sin Temple and the completion of Wong Tai Sin MTR station gradually eclipses its former name.
Nawab Ghous Bakhsh Barozai
Nawab Ghous Bakhsh Khan Barozai was the interim 20th Chief Minister of Balochistan. He was appointed to the post after nomination by former chief minister Nawab Muhammad Aslam Raisani and the leader of the opposition, Nawabzada Tariq Magsi. Nawab Ghous Bakhsh Barozai is a member of the Barozai clan of the Balailzai (Panni) tribe. He was the Current  Tumandar of the Barozai Tribe.

Chief Minister of Balochistan
The Chief Minister of Balochistan (Urdu: وزیر اعلیٰ بلوچستان) is the head of government of Balochistan, Pakistan. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the Government of Balochistan,  and is elected by the Provincial Assembly. Given that he has the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. Sarfraz Bugti is the current prime minister of Balochistan. The current Cabinet of Balochistan consists of 14 members
Physicians and Dentists Building
The Physicians and Dentists Building, also known as the Professional Building, is an historic, American office building that is located in the Rittenhouse Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was designed by the architectural firm of Wilson Brothers & Company and built in 1896.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Rittenhouse Square
Rittenhouse Square is a public park in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that is the center of the eponymous Rittenhouse neighborhood. The square is one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. Together with Fitler Square, the Rittenhouse neighborhood and the square comprise the Rittenhouse–Fitler Historic District.

Rittenhouse Square is maintained by the non-profit group The Friends of Rittenhouse Square. The square cuts 19th Street at Walnut Street and also at a half-block above Manning Street. Its boundaries are 18th Street to the east, Walnut Street to the north, and Rittenhouse Square West, a north–south boundary street, and Rittenhouse Square South, an east–west boundary street, making the park approximately two short blocks on each side. Locust Street is interrupted by Rittenhouse Square at 18th Street and Rittenhouse Square West.
Sabellaria
Sabellaria is a genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Sabellariidae. The type species is Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767). These worms are sedentary and build tubes in which to live from sand and shell fragments. Some species are called honeycomb worms and when they occur in great numbers they can form reefs on rocks and other hard substrates. They are filter feeders, extending a plume-like fan of radioles from the end of the tube in order to catch plankton and detritus floating past. They have a distinctive operculum which is used to block the opening of the tube when the radioles are retracted.

Sabellaria alveolata
Sabellaria alveolata,  (also known as the honeycomb worm), is a reef-forming polychaete. It is distributed around the Mediterranean Sea, and from the north Atlantic Ocean to south Morocco. It is also found in the British Isles at its northern limit in the northeast Atlantic. Its common name is derived from the honeycomb-like pattern it creates when building its tube reefs.
River City Rascals
The River City Rascals were a professional baseball team based in O'Fallon, Missouri, in the United States. The Rascals were a member of the West Division of the Frontier League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. From the 1999 season to 2019, the Rascals played their home games at CarShield Field.

Florence Y'alls
The Florence Y'alls are a professional baseball team based in Florence, Kentucky. The Y'alls compete in the Frontier League (FL) as a member of the Central Division in the Midwest Conference. The franchise is one of the oldest current running teams of the league. Founded in 1994, the team was known as the Erie Sailors for their first season. For the next four seasons, the team was named the Johnstown Steal, then the Johnstown Johnnies until 2002, as well as the Florence Freedom until 2019.

The Y'alls have had the most playoff berths in all FL franchises based in the United States (11), and are third overall amongst active teams in total Frontier Cup championships, behind the Schaumburg Boomers (4) and Windy City ThunderBolts (3). The Y'alls have played their home games at Thomas More Stadium since the 2004 season.

Between the 2001 and 2011 seasons, the Y'alls missed the playoffs 11 seasons in a row. After that, from 2012 to 2021, they made the playoffs 5 times in 10 seasons.