hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Ruben
Karl Ruben (4 August 1903 – 28 October 1938) was a Danish chess master.

He won a match against Johannes Pedersen (1.5–0.5) at Aalborg 1927, tied for 2nd-3rd in Danish Championship at Vordingborg  1927 (Erik Andersen won), shared 2nd at Copenhagen 1927 (Politiken, Géza Maróczy won),
tied for 5-6th at Copenhagen 1928 (Aron Nimzowitsch won), tied for 7-9th at Svendborg 1930 (DEN-ch, Andersen won), and won a simultan game against Alexander Alekhine at Copenhagen 1930.

Ruben played four times for Denmark in Chess Olympiads in 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, and won team silver medal at London 1927.

Géza Maróczy
Géza Maróczy  (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒroːt͡si ˈɡeːzɒ]; 3 March 1870 – 29 May 1951) was a Hungarian chess player, one of the leading players in the world in his time. He was one of the inaugural recipients of the International Grandmaster title from FIDE in 1950.
Rutulians (Caucasus)
Rutulians, also known as the Rutul people or simply Rutuls (Rutul: Мыхабыр, romanized: Mykhabyr), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native to Dagestan and adjacent parts of Azerbaijan. According to the 2021 Russian census, there were 34,259 Rutuls in Russia. The Rutul language is a member of the Northeast Caucasian language family; its speakers often have a good command of Azeri and Russian. The Rutulian culture is close to that of the Tsakhur and other peoples who inhabit the basin of the upper reaches of the Samur River. Most of the Rutuls are engaged in cattle breeding (mostly sheep husbandry), farming, and gardening.

Shaki, Azerbaijan
Shaki (Azerbaijani: Şəki, Azerbaijani pronunciation: [ʃæ'ki]) is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan, surrounded by the district of the same name. It is located in the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, 240 km (150 mi) from Baku. As of 2020, it has a population of 68,400. The center of the city and the Palace of Shaki Khans were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019 because of their unique architecture and history as an important trading center along the Silk Road.
Nazario Benavídez
José Nazario Benavídez (27 July 1802 – 23 October 1858) was an Argentine soldier who rose to the rank of Brigadier General and played a leading role in the Argentine Civil Wars.  He was Governor of San Juan Province, Argentina, for almost twenty years in the mid-nineteenth century.  His lengthy political career during a period of great turbulence was due to the great respect in which he was held by enemies as well as friends.  After leaving office he was imprisoned and then murdered by his guards.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
1990 Benson and Hedges Open
The 1990 Benson & Hedges Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 8 January through 14 January 1990. Eighth-seeded Scott Davis won the singles title.

1990 ATP Tour
The 1990 IBM ATP Tour was the first season of the ATP Tour, the newly formed single world tennis circuit which came in replacing the two dual tours the ITF Grand Prix Circuit and WCT Circuit. It was the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. In 1990 the IBM ATP Tour included the four Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour World Championships, the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week, the ATP Championship Series and the ATP World Series. The World Team Cup, Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF) are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Tour.
Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England
In the seventh century the pagan Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity (Old English: Crīstendōm) mainly by missionaries sent from Rome. Irish missionaries from Iona, who were proponents of Celtic Christianity, were influential in the conversion of 
Northumbria, but after the Synod of Whitby in 664, the Anglo-Saxon church gave its allegiance to the Pope.

Æthelburh of Kent
Æthelburh of Kent (born c. 601, sometimes spelled Æthelburg, Ethelburga, Æthelburga; Old English: Æþelburh, Æðelburh, Æðilburh, also known as Tate or Tata), was an early Anglo-Saxon queen consort of Northumbria, the second wife of King Edwin. As she was a Christian from Kent, their marriage triggered the initial phase of the conversion of the pagan north of England to Christianity.
Élisabeth Garouste
Élisabeth Garouste (born 17 July 1946) is a French interior designer.

The daughter of Russian immigrants Salomon and Blima Rochline, she was born Élisabeth Catherine Rochline in Paris, was educated at the Académie Charpentier and studied interior design at the École Camondo. In 1970, she married painter Gérard Garouste.

Garouste designed theatre sets for Jean-Michel Ribes. She later went on to work with Mattia Bonetti to design furniture; their designs have appeared in museums including the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Centre Georges Pompidou, the Musée des arts décoratifs et du design de Bordeaux and the Guggenheim Museum, They were awarded the Prix Créateurs at the Salon International du Meuble in Paris.

Garouste also has collaborated with other designers such as Christian Lacroix and Nina Ricci and designs glassware and wallpaper.

Garouste received the Trophée des femmes en or in 1993.

Christian Lacroix
Christian Marie Marc Lacroix (French pronunciation: [kʁistjɑ̃ lakʁwa]; born 16 May 1951) is a French fashion designer. The name also refers to the company he founded.

Lacroix's designs combine luxury and insouciance. He prefers artisanal trades, fringe, bead, and embroidery. He's characterized by a strong sense of colour, and patterns mix.
Chrysaora lactea
Chrysaora lactea or the Milk Sea Nettle is a species of sea nettle in the family Pelagiidae. This jellyfish has a bell diameter of up to 25 cm (10 in), and it is native to the Atlantic coast of South America. They are mainly found near the coast of Brazil, and are commonly discovered near the coast of neighboring countries such as Argentina and Cuba. It has also been reported from the Caribbean region, but genetic studies indicate that this population is closer to C. chesapeakei. A comprehensive taxonomic review is necessary to resolve this matter.

As they are found near the coast, they play a negative affect on the human lifestyle prevalent there. Large groups of C. Lactea are known as blooms and can harm tourism due to their sting and effect on local marine life.

Chrysaora chesapeakei
Chrysaora chesapeakei is a sea nettle from the family Pelagiidae. It was shown to be a distinct species from Chrysaora quinquecirrha in 2017. Since then, it is also commonly known as the bay nettle. It is found mainly in estuaries of the eastern coast of the U.S.A and is especially known from the Chesapeake Bay, but can also be found in the open Gulf of Mexico.
Floyd (surname)
Floyd is a surname of Welsh origin, deriving from Lloyd, which is ultimately an anglicized spelling of "Llwyd" (“gray, gray-haired”), and of Scottish origin deriving from Flood. Notable people with this surname include:

Lloyd (name)
Lloyd is a surname originating with the Welsh adjective llwyd, most often understood as meaning 'grey' but with other meanings as well. The name can be used both as a given name and as a surname. The name has many variations and a few derivations, mainly as a result of the difficulty in representing the initial double-L for non-Welsh speakers and the translation of the Welsh diphthong wy. Lloyd is the most common form of the name encountered in the modern era, with the Welsh spelling Llwyd increasingly common in recent times.

The vast majority of Wales continued to use the patronymic system well into the early modern period, and the families that used family surnames passed on from one generation to the next remained exceptional. However, the name Lloyd/Llwyd and certain other Welsh adjectives such as goch ('red', evolving into the Welsh surname Gough) became "fixed epithets" passed on through the generations and functioned as family surnames as early as the 14th century.
Biathlon World Championships 2024
The 2024 Biathlon World Championships took place from 7 to 18 February 2024 at the Vysočina Arena in Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic. After 2013, the championship was held for the second time in this location.

The event was the highlight of the 2023–24 Biathlon World Cup, but was not included in its rankings (except for the national rankings). A total of 12 events were held: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start and relay races for both men, women, single mixed relay and a mixed relay.

The decision to choose Nové Město na Moravě as the host of the Championships was announced on 15 November 2020.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
Muhammad Amrullah
Muhammad Amrullah Tuanku Muhammad Abdullah Saleh (1840 in West Sumatra – 1909 in West Sumatra) also known as Tuanku Kisai, was a great scholar of Minangkabau and an ancestor of two major figures in the Malay world, his son, Abdul Karim Amrullah, and grandson, Hamka. His grandfather was Tuanku Nan Tuo, one of the prime movers of the Padri in West Sumatra.

Amrullah was a follower of the Naqshbandi order and he is listed as one of the Kaum Tua movement. His son Abdul Karim Amrullah, was a pioneer and major figure in the struggle, and also a follower of the Kaum Muda movement. Abdul Karim Amrullah rejected the Naqshbandi deeds; while rejecting the bond 'taqlid', he was more likely inclined to the beliefs of Muhammad Abduh. Amrullah has married a total of eight times and have 46 children.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Ultimate Fighting Championship controversies
The American-based Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is the largest mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion in the world. Since its inception in 1993, the UFC has been the subject of controversies, ranging from moral condemnation of its events by politicians, which resulted in MMA being banned in many US states during the late 90's to mid 2010's, to criticism for underpaying its athletes and for criminal behavior committed by its fighters.

Dana White
Dana Frederick White Jr. (born July 28, 1969) is an American businessman who is the CEO and president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a global mixed martial arts organization. In 2025, White's net worth was estimated at over $600 million by Forbes. Outside the UFC, he is the owner of Power Slap, a slap fighting promotion he founded in 2022. Meta Platforms elected White to its board of directors in 2025.
Life on Another Planet
Life on Another Planet, also known as Signal from Space, is a science fiction graphic novel by Will Eisner dealing with the social and political consequences of a first contact with an extraterrestrial civilization. It was first serialized in The Spirit and later collected into a single volume.

First contact (science fiction)
First contact is a common theme in science fiction about the first meeting between humans and extraterrestrial life, or of any sapient species' first encounter with another one, given they are from different planets or natural satellites. It is closely related to the  anthropological idea of first contact.

Popularized by the 1897 book The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, the concept was commonly used throughout the 1950s and 60s, often as an allegory for Soviet infiltration and invasion. The 1960s American television series Star Trek introduced the concept of the "Prime Directive", a regulation intended to limit the negative consequences of first contact.

Although there are a variety of circumstances under which first contact can occur, including indirect detection of alien technology, it is often portrayed as the discovery of the physical presence of an extraterrestrial intelligence. As a plot device, first contact is frequently used to explore a variety of themes.
Transequatorial loop
In solar physics, a transequatorial loop is a structure present in the solar corona that connects two different regions of opposite magnetic polarity in opposite hemispheres of the Sun. These connected regions are not limited to active regions, but are most commonly found during the times of maximum solar activity, the solar maximum.

Transequatorial loops play an integral role in the Babcock Model of solar dynamics and are therefore important to the future study of the solar dynamo.

Solar rotation
Solar rotation is the rotation of the Sun about its own axis. The Sun is not a solid body, but is composed of a gaseous plasma, and different latitudes rotate with different periods. The solar rotation period is 25.67 days at the equator and increases with increasing latitude, reaching 33.40 days at 75 degrees of latitude. The source of this differential rotation is an area of current research in solar astronomy.
Statue of Christopher Columbus (North End, Boston)
A statue of Christopher Columbus was installed in Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, in Boston's North End, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.  On June 11, 2020, the statue was removed for an undisclosed period after it was decapitated by protestors on the evening of June 9, 2020 during the George Floyd protests.

North End, Boston
The North End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the city's oldest residential community, having been inhabited since it was colonized in the 1630s. It covers 0.36 square miles (0.93 km2), but the neighborhood has nearly one hundred establishments and a variety of tourist attractions. It is known for its Italian American population and Italian restaurants.
Sokol Point
Sokol Point (Bulgarian: нос Сокол, ‘Nos Sokol’ \'nos so-'kol\) is the narrow hilly point projecting 1.9 km into Darbel Bay on Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is formed by an offshoot of Sherba Ridge, and separates the glacier termini of Drummond Glacier to the east and Widdowson Glacier to the south.

The point is named after the settlements of Sokol in Northeastern and Southeastern Bulgaria.

Loubet Coast
Loubet Coast is the portion of the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctic Peninsula, extending 158 km between Cape Bellue to the northeast and Bourgeois Fjord to the southwest. South of Loubet Coast is Fallières Coast, north is Graham Coast.

The coast is named after Émile Loubet, President of France during the exploration of the area by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot in January 1905.
Aref Tayfour
Aref Tayfour is the former Deputy Speaker of the Iraqi National Assembly from 2010 to 2014. He was succeeded by Aram Sheikh Mohammad from the Gorran Movement. A member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, he was elected to the post by the Assembly on 22 April 2006 and after new legislative elections in 2010 he was re-elected to the post in November 2010. He also served as the Deputy President of the National Assembly under the Iraqi Transitional Government.

Tayfour was born in Dokan, As Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan in 1945. He graduated in law from Baghdad University in 1970. He originally joined the Hiywa Kurdish party before joining the KDP in 1967. He fled to Iran in 1974 and then to Austria. He returned to Iraqi Kurdistan in 1991. In 2003 he returned to Baghdad to lead the KDP's branch.

Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان, romanized: Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of Greater Kurdistan in West Asia, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), a semi-autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. As with the rest of Kurdistan, and unlike most of the rest of Iraq, the region is inland and mountainous.
Wildlife of Mongolia
The wildlife of Mongolia consists of flora, fauna and funga found in the harsh habitats dictated by the diverse climatic conditions found throughout the country. In the north, there are salty marshes and fresh-water sources. The centre has desert steppes. In the south, there are semi deserts as well as the hot Gobi Desert in the south, the fifth-largest desert in the world.

About 90% of the landlocked country is covered by deserts or pastures with extreme climatic conditions. Fauna in the wild includes 139 mammal species, 448 bird species (331 of which are migratory and 119 are resident), 76 fish species, 22 reptile species and 6 amphibian species. Grassland and shrubland covers 55 percent of the country. In the steppe zone, forest covers only 6 percent while 36 percent is covered by desert vegetation, and only 1 percent is used for human habitation and agriculture. The vegetation in the eastern steppe region is grassland (the largest of its type in the world).

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Bassetlaw (UK Parliament constituency)
Bassetlaw /ˈbæsɪtˌlɔː/ is a parliamentary constituency in Nottinghamshire, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since the 2024 general election by Jo White, a Labour Party candidate. Before the 2019 general election, the seat had been part of the so-called "red wall", being held by the Labour Party since 1935 before falling to the Conservative Party.

Warsop
Warsop is a civil parish in Mansfield District, Nottinghamshire, England, on the outskirts of the remnants of Sherwood Forest. At the 2021 census the population was 12,644 residents, including the settlements of Market Warsop, Church Warsop, Warsop Vale, Meden Vale, Sookholme and Spion Kop.
Mason Lowe
Mason Lee Lowe (September 12, 1993 – January 15, 2019) was an American professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding, and competed in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit. He was ranked 18th in the PBR world standings at the time of his death.

Professional Bull Riders
The Professional Bull Riders, Inc. (PBR) is an international professional bull riding organization headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. It is the largest bull riding league in the world, sanctioning hundreds of events every year in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Australia. Over 800 bull riders from said countries, as well as others hold PBR memberships.
Jean-François Chevrier
Jean-François Chevrier is an art theorist and historian, art critic and exhibition curator. He lives and works in Paris. He is a Professor in the History of Contemporary Art at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, after having taught at the Université Paris-Nanterre and Paris VIII.

In his essays Chevrier has examined the place of photography – and by extension modern and contemporary art – among the arts and the media.

Exhibitions and catalogues he has curated and co-edited include Matter of Facts (Nantes et al., 1988), Une autre objectivité / Another Objectivity (London, 1988), Photo Kunst (Stuttgart, 1989), Craigie Horsfield (London, 1989), Lieux communs, figures singulières (Paris, 1991), Walker Evans and Dan Graham (Rotterdam, 1992) and Craigie Horsfield. La ciutat de la gent (Barcelona, 1996). He has written essays on Jean-Marc Bustamante, John Coplans, Ken Lum, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Gerhard Richter and Brassaï.

Jean-Marc Bustamante
Jean-Marc Bustamante (born 1952) is a French artist, painter, sculptor and photographer. He is a noted conceptual and installation artist and has incorporated ornamental design and architectural space in his works.
Two dots (diacritic)
Diacritical marks of two dots ¨, placed side-by-side over or under a letter, are used in several languages for several different purposes. The most familiar to English-language speakers are the diaeresis and the umlaut, though there are numerous others. For example, in Albanian, ë represents a schwa. Such diacritics are also sometimes used for stylistic reasons (as in the family name Brontë or the band name Mötley Crüe).

In modern computer systems using Unicode, the two-dot diacritics are almost always encoded identically, having the same code point. For example, U+00F6 ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS represents both o-umlaut and o-diaeresis. Their appearance in print or on screen may vary between typefaces but rarely within the same typeface.

The word trema (French: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, describes the form of both the umlaut diacritic and the diaeresis rather than their function and is used in those contexts to refer to either.

Ö
Ö, or ö, is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter "o" modified with an umlaut or diaeresis. Ö, or ö, is a variant of the letter O. In many languages, the letter "ö", or the "o" modified with an umlaut, is used to denote the close- or open-mid front rounded vowels [ø] ⓘ or [œ] ⓘ; compare the vowel in "girl", which in these languages phonetically could be written: /görl/. In languages without such vowels, the character is known as an "o with diaeresis" and denotes a syllable break, wherein its pronunciation remains an unmodified [o].