hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statue of Queen Victoria, Valletta
A statue of Queen Victoria stands in front of the National Library of Malta in Republic Square, Valletta, Malta. Sculpted out of marble by the Sicilian artist Giuseppe Valenti, the statue depicts the Queen sitting down and wearing a shawl of Maltese lace. It was installed in the square on 5 August 1891, replacing a bronze statue of António Manoel de Vilhena.

National Library of Malta
The National Library of Malta (Maltese: Bibljoteka Nazzjonali ta' Malta), often known as the Bibliotheca (Maltese: Bibljoteka), is a reference library in Republic Square, Valletta, Malta. It was founded by Grand Master Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc in 1776 out of the collections of the knight Louis Guérin de Tencin. It has been a legal deposit library since 1925, and it has the largest collection of Melitensia along with that of the University of Malta. The library also contains the archives of the Order of St. John, the Università of Mdina and the Università of Valletta.

The library is housed in a late 18th-century neoclassical building in the city centre, close to the Grandmaster's Palace, designed by Polish-Italian architects Stefano Ittar and his son Sebastiano Ittar.
Passiflora arizonica
Passiflora arizonica, commonly known as the Arizona passionflower, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Passiflora. It is a perennial climbing vine. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona. It has showy white-purple flowers and grows in desert grasslands.

Passiflora
Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, and the type genus of the family Passifloraceae.

Passiflora species are widely cultivated for their striking flowers, flavorful fruits, traditional medicinal uses, and roles in dietary supplements and ayahuasca analogs, with several ornamental hybrids earning Royal Horticultural Society awards.
Khursheidpur
Khursheidpur is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Nakodar, 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Kapurthala, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 159 kilometres (99 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Information-bearer channel
In telecommunications, an information-bearer channel is one of:

A communication channel capable of transmitting all the information required for communication, such as user data, synchronizing sequences, and control signals. The information-bearer channel may operate at a higher data rate than that required for user data alone.

A basic communications channel with the necessary bandwidth but without enhanced or value-added services.

User (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, a user is a person, organization, or other entity that uses the services provided by a telecommunication system, or by an information processing system, for transfer of information.
A user functions as a source or final destination of user information, or both. A user may also be the subscriber, i.e. the customer paying for the service.

A user is also a person or process accessing an automated information system (AIS) by direct connections (e.g., via terminals) or indirect connections. "Indirect connection" relates to persons who prepare input data or receive output that is not reviewed for content or classification by a responsible individual.
2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2006 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was played in Sri Lanka from 2 to 15 February 2006. It was the sixth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

The final was played between the defending champion Pakistan and India in Colombo, which Pakistan won by 38 runs, enabling them to become the first back-to-back champions of the tournament.

Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup
The ICC Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council contested by national under-19 teams. First contested in 1988, as the Youth Cricket World Cup, it was not staged again until 1998. Since then, the World Cup has been held as a biennial event, organised by the ICC. The first edition of the tournament had only eight participants, but every subsequent edition has included sixteen teams. Among the full members, India have won the World Cup on a record six occasions, while Australia have won four times, Pakistan twice, and Bangladesh, England, South Africa and the West Indies once each. New Zealand and Sri Lanka have reached tournament finals without winning. India are the current champions, having defeated England by 100 runs in the final of the 2026 World Cup
Box Flat Mine
The Box Flat Mine or Box Flat Colliery was located at Swanbank in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. The mine opened in 1969 and operated until its closure on 30 June 1987. Its coal was mined for the operation of the Swanbank Power Station.

Swanbank Power Station
The Swanbank Power Stations are located in Swanbank within South East Queensland, Australia. The original power station was coal fired, but the site has since moved to gas. By 2007 the site had consisted of the highly efficient 385 megawatts (516,000 hp) gas-fired Swanbank E Power Station and the smaller 28 megawatts (38,000 hp) gas-fired Swanbank C Power Station. Swanbank E was written off by the Queensland Audit Office as having no value, as it is uneconomical to run in 2021.
Spermophora senoculata
Spermophora senoculata, the shortbodied cellar spider, is a species of cellar spider in the family Pholcidae. It is found in Near East, and it has been introduced into the USA, southern Europe, China, Korea, and Japan.

Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains more than 2,000 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and angel spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera.

The common name "daddy long-legs" is used for several species, especially Pholcus phalangioides, but is also the common name for several other arthropod groups, including harvestmen and crane flies.
Carulaspis minima
Carulaspis minima is an armoured scale insect, in the subtribe Diaspidina of the family Diaspididae, and is commonly known as the minute cypress scale. It was first described in 1869 by the French entomologist Victor Antoine Signoret. It feeds on evergreen conifers in the families Cephalotaxaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae.

Diaspidina
Diaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects. It occurs mostly in the Americas and Africa, with a few species in tropical Asia.  In the Americas Pseudoparlatoria is the largest genus, with Diaspis second; in Africa Diaspis is the largest genus. The grouping identified by Balachowsky in 1954 as the subtribe Diaspidina, are now the tribe Diaspidini.

Anderson found the Diaspidina grouping to constitute a clade with core genera: Carulaspis, Diaspis and Epidiaspis. and one of three sister-clades in the Diaspidini, the other two being the Chionaspidina and the Fioriniina.
Banco San Juan
Banco San Juan, formally known as the Rural Bank of San Juan, is one of the largest rural banks in the Philippines, ranking second in terms of resources.  The bank is headquartered in Makati, Metro Manila.  It has the distinction for being the first rural bank to join an interbank network, namely BancNet, and the rural bank with the largest branch network on the island of Luzon.  The bank was founded in 1953. Prior to its acquisition, the bank has at least 30 branches in Metro Manila and Luzon.

On May 28, 2011, it was announced that Banco San Juan was to be acquired by Banco de Oro Universal Bank. The acquisition was formalized in May 2012 after the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) let the transaction proceed. By May 2023 BSP has closed down its branch in Southern Leyte.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (lit. 'Central Bank of the Philippines'; commonly abbreviated as BSP in both Filipino and English) is the central bank of the Philippines. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993, pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019. The principal author was Senator Franklin Drilon. It was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte.
Distribution law
Distribution law or the Nernst's distribution law gives a generalisation which governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law was first given by Nernst who studied the distribution of several solutes between different appropriate pairs of solvents.

C1/C2 = Kd

Where Kd is called the distribution coefficient or the partition coefficient.
Concentration of X in solvent A/concentration of X in solvent B=Kď
If C1 denotes the concentration of solute X in solvent A & C2 denotes  the concentration of solute X in solvent B; Nernst's distribution law can be expressed as C1/C2 = Kd. This law is only valid if the solute is in the same molecular form in both the solvents. Sometimes the solute dissociates or associates in the solvent.
In such cases the law is modified as,
D(Distribution factor)=concentration of solute in all forms in solvent 1/concentration of solute in all forms in solvent 2.

Walther Nernst
Walther Hermann Nernst ForMemRS (German pronunciation: [ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst] ⓘ; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German  physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation in 1887.

He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg, where he received his doctorate 1887. In 1889, he finished his habilitation at University of Leipzig.
Welt, Germany
Welt (German pronunciation: [vɛlt] ⓘ; Danish: Velt; North Frisian: Wäilt) is a village in the district of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is notable in that its name is identical to the German word meaning "world".

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
Alternative versions of Batman
The character of Batman was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, and has been continually published in a variety of DC Comics book titles since its premiere in 1939. There have been several versions of Batman over the years, both as the main hero in the stories as well as several alternative versions.

Joe Chill
Joe Chill is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, the character first appeared in Detective Comics #33 (November 1939). In most adaptations of Batman's origin story, Joe Chill is the mugger who murders young Bruce Wayne's parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne. The murder traumatizes Bruce, inspiring his vow to avenge their deaths by fighting crime in Gotham City as the vigilante Batman.

As an integral part of Batman's origin story, Joe Chill has appeared in numerous media adaptations. Richard Brake portrayed the character in Batman Begins, and Doug Bradley played him in Gotham Knights.
2025–26 Spanish stage of the UEFA Regions' Cup
The 2025–26 Spanish stage of the UEFA Regions' Cup is the 13th staging of Spanish stage of the UEFA Regions' Cup. The winners will qualify for the 2027 UEFA Regions' Cup.

17 teams participated as Ceuta and Melilla resigned to join the competition. Aragon are the defending champions.

Spanish stage of the UEFA Regions' Cup
The Spanish stage of the UEFA Region's Cup is a biennial Spanish football tournament for amateur teams which represent the Spanish Autonomous Communities. Its winner qualifies for the next UEFA Regions' Cup, played the following year.
Double Deal (1939 film)
Double Deal is a 1939 American drama with an all-black cast (a genre at the time called "race films"), written by Arthur Hoerl, produced by George Randol, directed by Arthur Dreifuss and released on the independent states-rights market by Sack Amusement Enterprises and Astor Pictures Corp.

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
Ocinara bifurcula
Ocinara bifurcula is a moth in the family Bombycidae. It was described by Wolfgang Dierl in 1978. It is found on Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. The habitat generally consists of lowland areas, but it has been recorded as high as 1,500 meters.

The wingspan is 20–26 mm.

Bombycidae
The Bombycidae are a family of moths known as silkworm moths. The best-known species is Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), or domestic silk moth, native to northern China and domesticated for millennia. Another well-known species is Bombyx mandarina, also native to Asia.
2008 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary
The 2008 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary took place on Super Tuesday, February 5, 2008, with 35 delegates at stake. The winner in each of Arkansas's four congressional districts was awarded all of that district's delegates, totaling 22. Another 13 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner, Hillary Clinton. The 35 delegates represented Arkansas at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. Twelve other unpledged delegates, known as superdelegates, also attended the convention and cast their votes as well.

Super Tuesday, 2008
Super Tuesday 2008, Super Duper Tuesday, Mega Tuesday, Giga Tuesday, Tsunami Tuesday, and The Tuesday of Destiny are names for February 5, 2008, the day on which the largest simultaneous number of state U.S. presidential primary elections in the history of U.S. primaries were held. Twenty-four states and American Samoa held either caucuses or primary elections for one or both parties on this date. Furthermore, the week-long Democrats Abroad Global Primary began on this day.

The large number of states that held elections on February 5 could have shortened the period between the first caucus in Iowa, on January 3, 2008, and the de facto selection of a party's nominee to just a few weeks. Super Tuesday 2008 saw 52% of the Democratic and 41% of the Republican delegates awarded by early February 2008. By comparison, only about 1% of nominating convention delegates had been selected by that point in the 2000 election cycle.  It was held approximately one month before Super Tuesday II.
Barry Lane
Barry Douglas Lane (21 June 1960 – 31 December 2022) was an English professional golfer. He won five official European Tour events between 1988 and 2004. He played in the 1993 Ryder Cup and won the inaugural Andersen Consulting World Championship of Golf in late 1995. After reaching 50 he had considerable success on the European Senior Tour, winning eight times between 2010 and 2019.

PGA Assistants' Championship
The PGA Assistants' Championship is a golf tournament for golf club assistant professionals. It is held by the British PGA. The first championship was held in 1930 but earlier national tournaments for assistant professionals had been held since 1910.
Markdorf
Markdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a town in the Bodenseekreis district, in Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany. It is situated near Lake Constance, 10 km northwest of Friedrichshafen. Georg Riedmann has been the mayor of Markdorf since 2013.

Markdorf was first mentioned in AD 817 and it was given city rights in 1250. It was host to the church council before it was moved to Konstanz.

Markdorf with its historic downtown lies beneath the Gehrenberg mountain, on the top of which there is a 30m high climbable tower, which gives a view over Lake Constance and the Swiss, Austrian and German Alps.

On 22 December 1939, the location was near to a major train accident which resulted in the death of 101 people.

Bodenseekreis
Bodenseekreis ("Lake Constance district") is a Landkreis (district) in the south-east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west, clockwise) Konstanz, Sigmaringen and Ravensburg, and in Bavaria,  Lindau district. To the south, on the opposite shores of Lake Constance, lies Switzerland.
Mingora, Swat
Mingora is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Swat District has eight tehsils: Mingora, Matta Tehsil, Khwazakhela Tehsil, Barikot Tehsil, Babuzai Tehsil, Kabal Tehsil, Charbagh Tehsil, and Bahrain Tehsil. Each tehsil consists of some number of Union councils. There are 65 union councils in Swat District, 56 rural and nine urban.

Babuzai Tehsil
Babuzai is a tehsil in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Babuzai is named after the local Pashtun tribe of the same name, the Babuzai.

Babuzai is one of Swat District's eight tehsils, each of which comprises a number of union councils. There are 64 union councils in Swat District.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013, the Babuzai Tehsil has the two wards: VC Aba khel and VC Bharat khel/
3-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA is a molecule formed by condensing the thiol group of coenzyme A (CoA) with the carboxylic acid group of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Stable in acidic conditions, it is a tetraprotic acid due to the pyrophosphate and phosphate groups included. It derives from a benzoyl-CoA and a 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. In organisms such as plants, this can be formed using the 3-hydroxybenzoate—CoA ligase enzyme. This uses ATP, 3-hydroxybenzoate, and CoA as substrates.

It can be reduced to 3-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA by reduced ferredoxin and adenosine triphosphate using the benzoyl-CoA reductase enzyme. in this two hydrogen atoms are added to the benzene ring in a dearomatizing process.

Benzoyl-CoA
Benzoyl-CoA is the thioester derived from benzoic acid and coenzyme A.  The term benzoyl-CoA also include diverse conjugates of coenzyme A and aromatic carboxylic acids.  Benzoate, vanillin, anthranilic acid, 4-ethylphenol, p-cresol, phenol, aniline, terephthalic acid, [3-hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine are all metabolized to benzoyl-CoA.  Additionally,
cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, toluene, caffeic acid, benzyl alcohol, and mandelic acid are suspected to be processed similarly.
1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team
The 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 16th season at Missouri.

The Tigers won the College World Series, defeating Rollins College 4-1 in the final.

Rollins College
Rollins College is a private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida. It was founded in November 1885 and has about 30 undergraduate majors and several master's programs. Florida's fourth oldest post-secondary institution, and oldest private university, it has an approximate enrollment of 3,000 students, composed of roughly 2,500 undergraduates and 500 postgraduates.
Karma Gon Monastery
Karma Gon Monastery, (Tibetan: ཀརྨ་དགོན་པ, Wylie: karma dgon pa, THL: karma gönpa ; Chinese: 噶玛寺; pinyin: gámǎ sì) the original monastery of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, was founded in the 12th century by Düsum Khyenpa, the 1st Karmapa Lama in eastern Tibet at the age of 76.
Karma Gon (karma dgon, also Karma Dansa, karma gdan sa; Chinese, Gama Si), is located on the eastern bank of the Dzachu River in Chamdo, eastern Tibet. Karma Dansa was the cradle of the karma kagyupas. When established the Karmapa had gathered 1000 monks around him here. Karma Gon was named as Karma Dansa as an administrative unit and the Chinese Ming Court enlarged the monastery’s jurisdiction by adding the Mekong’s middle and upper reaches. It was then also called Gama Dansa Si in Chinese.

Other sources, claim it was founded in 1184 by Chödzin Gemphel(chos ‘dzin dge ‘phel), the late 1st Karmapa Düsum Khyenpa (dus gsum mkhyen pa).

Chamdo
Chamdo, officially Qamdo (Tibetan: ཆབ་མདོ, Wylie: chab mdo, ZWPY: qamdo) and also known in Chinese as Changdu (Chinese: 昌都; pinyin: Chang Du), is a prefecture-level city in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its seat is the town of Chengguan in Karuo District. Chamdo is Tibet's third largest city after Lhasa and Shigatse.

Chamdo is divided into 11 county-level divisions: one district and ten counties. The main district is  Karuo District. Other  counties include Jonda County, Gonjo County, Riwoche County, Dengqen County, Zhag'yab County, Baxoi County, Zognang County, Maarkam County, Lhorong County, and Banbar County.