hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tornadoes of 2007
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks that occurred in 2007, primarily (but not entirely) in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally, particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season. Some tornadoes also take place in Europe, e. g. in the United Kingdom or in Germany.

Preliminary reports suggest that there were 1,305 reported tornadoes in the U.S. (of which 1,097 were confirmed), with 82 confirmed fatalities. It was the deadliest year for tornadoes in the U.S. since 1999, when 95 deaths were reported. In addition, 25 fatalities took place in China, 23 in Chad, seven in Bangladesh, three each in Mexico and Vietnam, and one each in South Africa and the Philippines for a worldwide known total of at least 149.

Notably, the system for classifying tornado damage in the United States changed from the Fujita scale to the Enhanced Fujita Scale on February 1, 2007.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
National Choreographers Initiative
National Choreographers Initiative (NCI) is a nonprofit dance organization founded in 2004 and based in Irvine, California, that promotes the development of choreographers from all over the United States in the professional ballet world.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Cementochronology
Cementochronology is a method for assessing age at death and determining season at death. This technique is employed as accurate indicator of age among wildlife biologists on present and archaeological populations but is increasingly used in forensic anthropology and physical anthropology.

Cementochronology is a subdiscipline of the field of study called skeletochronology which is a subdiscipline of the broader field called sclerochronology.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
SkeptiCamp
SkeptiCamp was founded by Reed Esau in 2007 and is small grassroots conference where scientific skeptics come together and participate and present.
Skepticamps are held in varying formats worldwide and are operated in the style of an unconference.

Unconference
An unconference is a participant-driven meeting. The term "unconference" has been applied to a wide range of gatherings that try to avoid hierarchical aspects of a conventional conference, such as sponsored presentations and top-down organization.
Azamgarh railway station
Azamgarh Railway Station (station code AMH) is located in Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

This station is part of North Eastern Railway Zone's Varanasi Division and the Gorakhpur-Prayagraj line via Azamgarh-Jaunpur.

This station is an Aadarsh category (NSG 3) in North Eastern Railway.

Azamgarh Railway station is a high-revenue station, serving over 25,000 passengers and over 25 Mail/ Express and almost 8 Passenger trains on daily basis. It is under the administrative control of the North Eastern Railway zone's Varanasi railway division.

Azamgarh Railway station is well connected with many important cultural cites such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Jaunpur, Lucknow, Surat, Amritsar, Prayagraj, Ajmer etc.

It is electrified double line and station code is AMH. The station catering to about 30 trains.

Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur main line
Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur Main line is a passenger and freight train line operating in the Uttar Pradesh state of India. The line has 51 stations, between its start at Prayagraj Junction to its point of termination at Gorakhpur Junction.
Behzad Lucknavi
Behzad Lucknavi (born Sardar Hasan Khan; 1 January 1900 – 10 October  1974) was a Pakistani Urdu poet and lyricist. He primarily wrote naats and ghazals and sometimes radio plays for the All India Radio, Delhi and later for Radio Pakistan after emigrating to Pakistan.

He started participating in mushairas at age of twelve. Then veteran radio personality Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari introduced him to All India Radio.

He wrote film song lyrics for seventeen films, including Roti (1942), Taj Mahal (1941) and Dhanwan (1937).

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Windamere Dam
Windamere Dam is a minor ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with an uncontrolled unlined rock cutting spillway across the Cudgegong River at Cudgegong, upstream of Mudgee in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes hydro-power, irrigation, water supply, and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Windamere.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
1989 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The 1989 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament was the ninth annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion of women's collegiate field hockey among its Division I members in the United States, the culmination of the 1989 NCAA Division I field hockey season.

North Carolina won their first championship, defeating Old Dominion in the final, 2–1 after three overtimes and a penalty shoot-out.

The championship rounds were held at Stagg Field in Springfield, Massachusetts.

NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The NCAA Division I field hockey tournament is an American intercollegiate field hockey tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I national champion. The tournament has been held annually since 1981.

The championship is contested exclusively by women's teams and there is no equivalent NCAA men's field hockey championship.

The most successful team is the North Carolina Tar Heels, who have eleven titles. In addition, North Carolina has finished national runner-up an NCAA record eleven times.

The most recent championship, in 2025, was won by the Northwestern Wildcats.
1999 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
The 1999 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup was the ninth edition of field hockey tournament the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pakistan won their maiden title defeating South Korea 3-1 in the final after having finished runner-ups in four out of their last eight appearances. Sohail Abbas was the competition's top scorer with 12 goals.

Sultan Azlan Shah Cup
The Sultan Azlan Shah Cup is an annual invitational international men's field hockey tournament held in Malaysia. It began in 1983 as a biennial contest. The tournament became an annual event from 1998, following its growth and popularity. The tournament is named after the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong (king) of Malaysia, Sultan Azlan Shah, a supporter of field hockey.

Since 2007 the tournament has been held at the Azlan Shah Stadium in Ipoh, Perak. Kuala Lumpur and Penang have also hosted the tournament.

Australia have won the tournament a record 10 times, followed by India and Pakistan winning five and three times, respectively.
Bucculatrix albella
Bucculatrix albella is a species of moth in the family Bucculatricidae. The species was first described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1867, and is found in southern France, Italy and on the Balkan Peninsula.

Bucculatricidae
Bucculatricidae or (Bucculatrigidae) is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae.

Adults of this family are easily overlooked, being very small with narrow wings wrapped around the body at rest. When small, the larvae are leaf-miners, forming distinctive brown blotches on leaves. When larger, they usually feed on the leaves externally. Many species have specific host plants. The pupal cases have distinctive longitudinal ridges, leading to members of the family commonly being called ribbed cocoon makers.

Some authors recognize just a single large genus, Bucculatrix, although two Australian genera, Cryphioxena and the scribbly gum moths (Ogmograptis spp.) are now sometimes placed in this family rather than in Elachistidae.
Joseph Standing
Joseph Standing (October 5, 1854 – July 21, 1879) was a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) who was killed by a mob near the town of Varnell, Whitfield County, Georgia, in 1879.

Dalton, Georgia
Dalton is a city and the county seat of Whitfield County, Georgia, United States. It is also the principal city of the Dalton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Murray and Whitfield counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,417 people; the city's metro area was 124,837. Dalton is located just off Interstate 75 in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in northwest Georgia and is the second-largest city in northwest Georgia, after Rome.

Dalton is home to many of the nation's floor-covering manufacturers, primarily those producing carpet, rugs, and vinyl flooring. It is home to the Dalton Convention Center, which showcases the Georgia Athletic Coaches' Hall of Fame and hosts a variety of events.
Westerpark (neighbourhood)
Westerpark is a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is bordered by the Staatsliedenbuurt on the south and the Spaarndammerbuurt on the northeast and Sloterdijk area of Westpoort on the west. 
It is a non-residential area, containing the park by the same name, the Westergasfabriek (former gas factory turned into a cultural center), the Sint-Barbara cemetery, and railyards.

Westerpark is also a former borough of the city, which was merged with into the borough of Amsterdam-West.

Staatsliedenbuurt
The Staatsliedenbuurt (pronounced [ˈstaːtslidə(m)ˌbyːrt]; lit. 'Neighborhood of the Statesmen')
is a neighborhood in Amsterdam borough of West. It lies south of the Haarlemmertrekvaart canal and west of the Singelgracht canal route, which includes the local portions Kattensloot and Kostverlorenvaart.
Kurt L. Sonntag
Major General Kurt Lee Sonntag (born July 8, 1964) is a retired United States Army special forces officer who last served as Commanding General of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School from May 2017 to August 2019. Before that, he served as Commander, Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

Naval War College
The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associated roles and missions, supports combat readiness, and strengthens global maritime partnerships.

The Naval War College is one of the senior service colleges including the Army War College, the Marine Corps War College, and the USAF Air War College.  Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College.
Ashy-faced owl
The ashy-faced owl (Tyto glaucops) is a species of bird in the barn-owl family Tytonidae. It is found on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, on Dominica, and on several other islands of the Lesser Antilles.

Johann Jakob Kaup
Johann Jakob von Kaup (10 April 1803 – 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system. Kaup is also known for having coined popular prehistoric taxa like Pterosauria, Machairodus, Deinotherium, Dorcatherium, and Chalicotherium.
311P/PanSTARRS
311P/PanSTARRS, also known as P/2013 P5 (PanSTARRS), is an active asteroid and Encke-type comet discovered by Bryce T. Bolin using the Pan-STARRS telescope on 27 August 2013. Observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope revealed that it had six comet-like tails. The tails are suspected to be streams of material ejected by the asteroid as a result of a rubble pile asteroid spinning fast enough to remove material from it. This is similar to 331P/Gibbs, which was found to be a quickly-spinning rubble pile as well.

Three-dimensional models constructed by Jessica Agarwal of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Lindau, Germany, showed that the tails could have formed by a series of periodic impulsive dust-ejection events, radiation pressure from the Sun then stretched the dust into streams.

Precovery images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey from 2005 were found, showing negligible cometary activity in 2005.

Pan-STARRS
The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS1; obs. code: F51 and Pan-STARRS2 obs. code: F52) located at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, US, consists of astronomical cameras, telescopes and a computing facility that is surveying the sky for moving or variable objects on a continual basis, and also producing accurate astrometry and photometry of already-detected objects. In January 2019 the second Pan-STARRS data release was announced. At 1.6 petabytes, it is the largest volume of astronomical data ever released.
Third encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
The third encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Honghu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. The Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic against the Nationalist attacks from early September 1931 to 30 May 1932.

Honghu
Honghu (Chinese: 洪湖市; pinyin: Hónghú Shì) is a county-level city in the municipal region of Jingzhou, in the central south of Hubei province. The city lies on the northwest (left) bank of the Yangtze River, across from Hunan Province and Xianning, Hubei. It is named after the adjacent Hong Lake.

As of 2000, Honghu City had a  population of 335,618 or more people.
Slamfire
A slamfire is a discharge of a firearm occurring as soon as a cartridge is being loaded into the chamber. Some firearms are designed to slamfire, but the term also describes a malfunction of self-loading firearms. Shooters accustomed to firearms requiring trigger activation for discharge may be unprepared for a slamfire discharge.

Some military firearms are designed to fire from an open bolt condition to avoid the unintended discharge of a chambered cartridge cooking off in a gun barrel heated by firing previous cartridges. Activating the trigger of such firearms releases the spring-loaded bolt to move forward stripping a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The firing pin impacts the primer as the cartridge is chambered, and the energy released by the discharging cartridge returns the bolt into an open position while ejecting the empty case.

Chamber (firearms)
The chamber of a firearm is the cavity at the back end of a breechloading weapon's barrel or cylinder, where the ammunition is inserted before being fired.  The rear opening of the chamber is the breech, and is sealed by the breechblock or the bolt.
Chartres
Chartres (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁ] ⓘ) is the prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir department in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 170,763 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Chartres (as defined by the INSEE), 38,534 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Chartres proper.

Chartres is famous worldwide for the Chartres Cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows are intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Part of the old town, including most of the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by Allied bombs in 1944.

Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (French: préfecture, pronounced [pʁefɛktyʁ] ⓘ) may be:

the chef-lieu de département, the commune in which the administration of a department is located;

the chef-lieu de région, the commune in which the administration of a region is located;

the jurisdiction of a prefecture;

the official residence or headquarters of a prefect.

Although the administration of departments and regions is distinct, a regional prefect is ex officio prefect of the department in which the regional prefecture is located. The officeholder has authority upon the other prefects in the region on a range of matters.
Boccia at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Pairs BC3
The mixed pairs BC3 boccia event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics will be contested between 2 and 4 September 2021 at the Ariake Gymnastics Centre. Since this event is a mixed event, both genders, male and female, compete in the event.

The competition starts with a pools stage, containing 2 pools with 5 teams each, it will be followed to the semifinals where the winners move to the finals to fight for gold and the losers will go to the bronze medal match to fight for bronze.

Boccia at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Boccia at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, took place at the Ariake Gymnastics Centre. There were expected to be 116 qualification slots (34 females, 82 gender free) across seven mixed events: four individual events, two pairs events and one team event.

While the 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they kept the 2020 name and were held from 24 August to 5 September 2021.
Birotunda
In geometry, a birotunda is any member of a family of dihedral-symmetric polyhedra, formed from two rotunda adjoined through the largest face. They are similar to a bicupola but instead of alternating squares and triangles, it alternates pentagons and triangles around an axis. There are two forms, ortho- and gyro-: an orthobirotunda has one of the two rotundas is placed as the mirror reflection of the other, while in a gyrobirotunda one rotunda is twisted relative to the other.

The pentagonal birotundas can be formed with regular faces, one a Johnson solid, the other a semiregular polyhedron:

pentagonal orthobirotunda,

pentagonal gyrobirotunda, which is also called an icosidodecahedron.

Other forms can be generated with dihedral symmetry and distorted equilateral pentagons.

Johnson solid
In geometry, a Johnson solid, sometimes also known as a Johnson–Zalgaller solid, is a convex polyhedron whose faces are regular polygons. They are sometimes defined to exclude the uniform polyhedra. There are 92  solids with such a property: the first solids are the pyramids, cupolas, and a rotunda; some of the solids may be constructed by attaching with those previous solids, whereas others may not.
Bryan Vaughan
Bryan Henry Vaughan (2 February 1931 – 17 June 2015) was an Australian politician and lawyer. He was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1981 to 1999.

The son of jeweller Henry Michael Vaughan and his wife Myra Kelly, Bryan Vaughan was born in Sydney. He was educated at Marcellan College at Randwick before achieving a Bachelor of Laws at the University of Sydney. In October 1950 he joined the Labor Party. He was employed in various legal firms before establishing Bryan Vaughan & Co. in 1965.

In 1981, Vaughan was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member. He was Shadow Minister for Small Business, Industrial Development and Tourism from 1990 to 1995 and Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Senate from 1991 to 1995. In 1994 he was awarded the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas. Vaughan retired in 1999. He died in Sydney in 2015.

Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas is the Lithuanian Presidential Award which was re-instituted to honour the citizens of Lithuania for outstanding performance in civil and public offices. Foreign nationals may also be awarded this Order. The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas was instituted in 1928. It features the Columns of Gediminas, one of the national symbols of Lithuania.