hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Half-Breed Tract
A Half-Breed Tract was a segment of land designated in the western states by the United States government in the 19th century specifically for Métis of American Indian and European or European-American ancestry, at the time commonly known as half-breeds.  The government set aside such tracts in several parts of the Midwestern prairie region, including in Iowa Territory, Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory, Minnesota Territory, and Wisconsin Territory.

Nebraska Territory
The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha. The territory encompassed areas of what is today Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Montana.
Zonguldak Province
Zonguldak Province (Turkish: Zonguldak ili) is a province along the western Black Sea coast region of Turkey. Its area is 3,342 km2, and its population is 588,510 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Düzce to the southwest, Bolu to the south, Karabük to the southeast, and Bartın to the east. The capital is Zonguldak. Its Governor is Osman Hacıbektaşoğlu.

Düzce Province
Düzce Province (Turkish: Düzce ili) is a province in northwestern Turkey. The province is on the coastline of the Black Sea and is traversed by the main highway between Istanbul and Ankara. The primary town is Düzce, located in the center of the province. There are ancient Greek ruins in the province. Düzce separated from the Bolu province and became a province in its own right after a devastating earthquake in the city in November 1999. Its area is 2,492 km2, and its population is 405,131 (2022).
Michael Vatcher
Michael Vatcher (born 1954) is an American jazz percussionist. He was a longtime resident of the Netherlands.

Vatcher grew up in California and as a child played the vibraphone and snare drum. He worked for a long time with Michael Moore, John Handy, and Terry Gibbs.

In 1981 he moved to Amsterdam where he was active in many groups like Tristan Honsinger's Sextet, the Maarten Altena Ensemble, The Ex, Roof (with Phil Milton, Tom Cora, and Luc Ex), Available Jelly, and in a trio with Michiel Braaam and Wilbert de Joode. He also actively performed alongside Van Dyke Parks, John Zorn, Simon Nabatov, Georg Gräwe, Hans Lüdemann, and Ernst Reijseger. In 2012 worked with Magnus Broo, Ken Vandermark, and Steve Swell. Vatcher also worked as a "sideman" on about 50 albums.

Alongside his music, he worked regularly as an accompanist for the School for New Dance Development in Amsterdam and has a musical relationship with dancers Katie Duck and Eileen Standley.

Ernst Reijseger
Ernst Reijseger (born 13 November 1954) is a Dutch cellist and composer. He specializes in avant-garde jazz, free jazz, improvised music, and contemporary classical music and often gives solo concerts. He has worked with Louis Sclavis, Derek Bailey, Han Bennink, Misha Mengelberg, Gerry Hemingway, Yo-Yo Ma, Albert Mangelsdorff, Franco D'Andrea, Joëlle Léandre, Georg Gräwe, Trilok Gurtu, and Mola Sylla, and has done several world music projects working with musicians from Sardinia, Turkey, Iran, Senegal, and Argentina, as well as the Netherlands-based group Boi Akih.

He has made numerous recordings, both as solo cellist and with other groups, and has been the subject of a documentary film. He has also written several film scores, including scores for a number of Werner Herzog films.
Neiden Chapel
Neiden Chapel (Norwegian: Neiden kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the village of Neiden. It is one of the churches for the Sør-Varanger parish which is part of the Varanger prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The red and white, wooden church was built in a long church format in the style called dragestil in 1902 by the architect Karl Norum. The church seats about 155 people.

Sør-Varanger Municipality
Sør-Varanger (Northern Sami: Máttá-Várjjat; Kven: Etelä-Varenki; Russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер, romanized: Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog.

The 3,971-square-kilometre (1,533 sq mi) municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,063. The municipality's population density is 2.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.

There is a Dark-sky park in Pasvik.
Water Music
The Water Music (German: Wassermusik) is a collection of orchestral movements, often published as three suites, composed by George Frideric Handel. It premiered on 17 July 1717, in response to King George I's request for a concert on the River Thames.

Minuet
A minuet (/ˌmɪnjuˈɛt/; also spelled menuet) is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually written in 34 time. The English word was adapted from the Italian minuetto and the French menuet.

The term also describes the musical form that accompanies the dance, which subsequently developed more fully, often with a longer musical form called the minuet and trio, and was much used as a movement in the early classical symphony. While often stylized in instrumental forms, composers of the period would have been familiar with the popular dance.
Shivi
Shivi was an Indo-Aryan tribe of ancient India in the north-western region of the Indian Subcontinent whose existence is attested during the Iron Age (c.1100–500 BCE). The members of the Shivi tribe were called the Shivis.

Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples (also known as Indic peoples in the context of Indo-European studies) are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into South Asia, and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language. The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Iranian group that have resided west of the Indus River on the Iranian Plateau; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, the majority of Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of Hindu Kush and east of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern half of India as well as parts of Afghanistan (Kunar).
Pamoic acid
Pamoic acid, also called embonic acid, is a 2-Naphthoic acid derivative.  Salts and esters of pamoic acid are known as pamoates or embonates.  It can be prepared by the reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with formaldehyde.

In pharmacology, the salt form of pamoic acid (pamoate ion) can be used as a counterion of a drug compound to affect the dissolution rate of the drug.  The presence of multiple oxygen atoms enables significant hydrogen bonding to occur. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the dissolution of compounds in water.  Pharmaceutical drugs formulated this way include cycloguanil pamoate, hydroxyzine pamoate, imipramine pamoate, olanzapine pamoate hydrate, oxantel pamoate, pyrantel pamoate, and pyrvinium pamoate.

Pamoic acid has agonist activity for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 by which it activates ERK and beta-arrestin2, and causes antinociceptive activity.

2-Naphthoic acid
2-Naphthoic acid is an organic compound of the formula C10H7CO2H.  It is one of two isomeric carboxylic acid derivatives of naphthalene, the other one being 1-naphthoic acid.   It can be prepared by carboxylation of 1-chloronaphthalene.
 Its pKa is 4.2. The name of carboxylate anion, the conjugate base of the acid, is 2-naphthoate; the name of the related acyl group is 2-naphthoyl.
Dikili
Dikili is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 534 km2, and its population is 47,360 (2022).

The district is quite picturesque both along its Aegean shoreline and in its inland parts, and is a popular summer resort. The central town of Dikili is about 120 km (75 mi) north of İzmir, served by a good road. The notable township of Çandarlı (ancient Pitane) is located close to Dikili.

Pitane (Aeolis)
Pitane (Ancient Greek: Πιτάνη), near Çandarlı, Turkey, was an ancient Greek town of the ancient region of Aeolis, in Asia Minor. It was situated near the mouth of the river Evenus on the bay of Elaea. It was one of the eleven ancient Aeolian settlements and possessed considerable commercial advantages in having two harbours. It was the birthplace of the academic philosopher Arcesilaus, and in the reign of Titus it suffered severely from an earthquake. The town is still mentioned by Hierocles. Pliny the Elder mentions in its vicinity a river Canaius, which is not noticed by any other writer; but it may possibly be the river Pitanes, spoken of by Ptolemy, and which seems to derive its name from the town of Pitane.

Its site is near modern Çandarlı, Asiatic Turkey.
Diocese of Coimbra
The Diocese of Coimbra (Latin: Dioecesis Conimbricensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Coimbra, Portugal. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Braga.

From 1472, the bishop of Coimbra held the comital title of Count of Arganil, being thus called Bishop-Count (Portuguese: Bispo-Conde).

Denis of Portugal
Denis (Latin: Dionysius Alphonsus, Portuguese: Dinis Afonso; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325.

Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of Afonso II of Portugal, Denis succeeded his father in 1279. He was married to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent soil degradation that threatened the region, and to serve as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.
Pemulwuy, New South Wales
Pemulwuy is a suburb in Greater Western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pemulwuy is located 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Cumberland Council. Pemulwuy is home to the highest point between the Blue Mountains and Sydney, the summit of Prospect Hill.

The quarrying of blue metal, basalt and dolerite was abundant in the area in the past two centuries.  
Pemulwuy, formerly part of Prospect, is a relatively new suburb, with development beginning in 2004 on the site of a former Boral quarry and CSIRO sites.

Cumberland City Council
Cumberland Council, trading as Cumberland City Council, is a local government area located in the western suburbs of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Council was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of parts of the Cities of Auburn, Parramatta (Woodville Ward), and Holroyd.

The Council comprises an area of 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi) and as of the 2021 census had a population of 235,439.

The first Special Meeting of Cumberland Council was held on 19 May 2016 at the Granville Town Hall, and the council currently meets at the Merrylands Administration Centre.

The current mayor is Ola Hamed  of the Australian Labor Party, elected on 16 October 2024.
Kii Peninsula
The Kii Peninsula (Japanese: 紀伊半島, Hepburn: Kii Hantō) is the largest peninsula on the island of Honshū, located in the Kansai region of Japan. It is named after the ancient Kii Province. The peninsula has long been a sacred place in Buddhism, Shinto, and Shugendo, and many people would visit from all over Japan as part of the Kumano religious practices.

Yoshino District, Nara
Yoshino (吉野郡, Yoshino-gun) is a district located in Nara Prefecture, Japan.

In 2020, the district had an estimated population of 37,086 and a density of 18.05 persons per km2. The total area is 2,055 km2.

On September 25, 2005, the villages of Ōtō and Nishiyoshino merged into the city of Gojō.
Sam Ahkeah
Sam Ahkeah (March 8, 1896 – December 5, 1967) was a former Navajo Nation Chairman.  He was elected as the 7th chairman of the Navajo Nation Tribal Council. He served in office from 1946 through 1954 and was elected to serve for two terms. Ahkeah served as an overseer for the Mesa Verde National Park.  During his time in office, Chairman Ahkeah met with the United States Congress to discuss the Colorado River Storage Project. Ahkeah advocated for the Colorado River Storage Project because it would benefit the Navajo Nation.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Weoley Castle
Weoley Castle (UK: /ˈwiːli/ WEE-lee) is a residential suburban district in south-west Birmingham, England. The area is part of the Weoley local authority electoral ward, and also comes under the Northfield local council constituency.  The suburb of Weoley Castle is bordered by Selly Oak to the east, Harborne to the north, Bartley Green to the west, and Weoley Hill and Shenley Fields to the south.

Quinton, Birmingham
Quinton is a suburb and ward of Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of the city centre. Formerly part of Halesowen parish, Quinton became part of Birmingham in 1909. Quinton was a village and the surrounding area was farmland until the 1930s when the first housing estates were developed. Most of the farmland had been built on by 1980 but some countryside remains in the form of Woodgate Valley Country Park. Along with Bartley Green, Harborne and Edgbaston, Quinton is within the Birmingham Edgbaston constituency.
Teesdale Way
54°37′01″N 1°06′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.617°N 1.1°W﻿ / 54.617; -1.1

The Teesdale Way is a long-distance walk between the Cumbrian Pennines and the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire in England. The walk is 100 miles (160 km) in length; it links in with other long-distance walks such as the Pennine Way and the E2 European Walk between Harwich and Stranraer.

Thornaby-on-Tees
Thornaby-on-Tees, commonly referred to as Thornaby, is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 41 miles (66 km) north of York and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Middlesbrough. On the south bank of the River Tees, Thornaby falls within the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees and the Tees Valley area. The parish had a population of 24,741 at the 2011 census.

The town was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1892, during the Victorian era. The borough was abolished in 1968 on the creation of the County Borough of Teesside. A civil parish called Thornaby was re-created in 1996.

The modern centre was built on the north eastern part of Thornaby airfield and lies 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Stockton-on-Tees and 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of Middlesbrough.
2014–15 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition
The 2014–15 New Zealand Women's Twenty20 Competition was the eighth season of the women's Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It ran from November 2014 to January 2015, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Wellington Blaze beat Otago Sparks in the final to win the tournament, their third Twenty20 title.

The tournament ran alongside the 2014–15 New Zealand Women's One-Day Competition.

Super Smash (women's cricket)
The Super Smash is a women's Twenty20 competition organised by New Zealand Cricket.

The competition began in 2007–08 and features six teams, who play each other twice in a double round-robin format. The winner of the group advances to the final, and the second and third placed teams play in an elimination final. The competition runs alongside the 50-over Hallyburton Johnstone Shield.

The current champions are Wellington Blaze, who won the 2025–26 competition and are the most successful team in the history of the competition with eight title wins.
Simpson's rules (ship stability)
Simpson's rules are a set of rules used in ship stability and naval architecture, to  calculate the areas and volumes of irregular figures.  This is an application of Simpson's rule for finding the values of an integral, here interpreted as the area under a curve.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Epinephelus longispinis
Epinephelus longispinis, also called the longspine grouper or the streaky spot grouper is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the Epinephelus genus.

According to the World Register of Marine Species E. longispinis' diet consists primarily of crustaceans, "especially crabs and stomatopods." The species' range is primarily in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

Epinephelus
Epinephelus is a genus of marine, ray-finned fish, groupers from the subfamily Epinephelinae, part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. They are predatory fish, largely associated with reefs, and are found in tropical and subtropical seas throughout the world. They are important target species for fisheries.
Right gastroepiploic vein
The right gastroepiploic vein (right gastroomental vein) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the greater curvature and left part of the body of the stomach into the superior mesenteric vein. It runs from left to right along the greater curvature of the stomach between the two layers of the greater omentum, along with the right gastroepiploic artery.

As a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, it is a part of the hepatic portal system.

Curvatures of the stomach
The curvatures of  the stomach are the long, convex, lateral surface, and the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach, which are referred to as the greater and lesser curvatures, respectively. The greater curvature, which begins at the cardiac notch, and arches backwards, passing inferiorly to the left, is four or five times longer than the lesser curvature, which attaches to the hepatogastric ligament and is supplied by the left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery.
Sedgefield Borough Council elections
Sedgefield Borough Council elections were generally held every four years between the council's creation in 1974 and its abolition in 2009. Sedgefield was a non-metropolitan district in County Durham, England. On 1 April 2009 the council's functions passed to Durham County Council, which became a unitary authority.

Sedgefield (borough)
Sedgefield District was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district and (from 1996), borough in County Durham, in North East England. It had a population of about 87,000 (2001 UK census). It was named after Sedgefield, but its largest town was Newton Aycliffe. Other places included Shildon, Ferryhill and Spennymoor.

The borough was formed (as Sedgefield District), in 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of Sedgefield Rural District, Spennymoor and Shildon urban districts and part of Darlington Rural District.

The borough was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England.

From 1983 to 2007, most of the district was represented in parliament by Tony Blair, who became Leader of the Labour Party in 1994, and Prime Minister in 1997.
Beijing apm
Beijing apm, also known as Xindong'an Plaza (Chinese: 新东安广场; pinyin: Xīndōng'ān Guǎngchǎng), is a shopping mall and office building at Wangfujing, Beijing, China. It is a commercial property developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties. It has a total area of 120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft).

The building was built on the site of the old Dong'an Department Store, formerly Dong’an Market, and opened in 1998. In 2001, the building was voted as one of Beijing's Top 10 Great Buildings in the 1990s.

The mall will be accessible via Jinyu Hutong station on Beijing Subway Line 8 in late 2021.

Sun Hung Kai Properties
Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited (SHKP) is a listed corporation and one of the largest property developers in Hong Kong. The company's businesses include property sales, property rental, telecommunications (SmarTone, SUNeVision), hotel operation, transport and logistics, and others. The company is controlled by the Kwok family trust, largely the Kwok brothers.
Cyclorhipidion
Cyclorhipidion is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Cyclorhipidion agnaticeps Wood & Bright, 1992

Cyclorhipidion agnatum Wood & Bright, 1992

Cyclorhipidion amasoides Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion amputatum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion denticauda Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion muticum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion obesulum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion petrosum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion truncaudinum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Cyclorhipidion xeniolum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.