hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)
The Battle of Thermopylae took place on 24 April 191 BC. It was fought as part of the Roman–Seleucid War, pitting forces of the Roman Republic led by the consul Manius Acilius Glabrio against a Seleucid-Aetolian army of Antiochus III the Great.

When the main bodies of the armies initially clashed at the Thermopylae pass, the Seleucids managed to hold their ground, repulsing multiple Roman assaults. However, a small Roman force under Marcus Porcius Cato managed to outflank the Seleucids from the hillside after surprising the Aetolian garrison of Fort Callidromus. The Seleucids panicked and broke ranks, leading to the destruction of their force. Antiochus managed to escape the battlefield with his cavalry, departing mainland Greece soon afterwards.

Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.
Loaded Lafta Awards
The Loaded Lafta Awards (from 2003 to 2013) was an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom, celebrating notable comedians and entertainment performances from throughout the previous year.

The awards were inaugurated in 2003, Loaded magazine readers would select a favourite from a list of nominees. In 2004, over 20,000 of the magazines followers had voted for these awards. The event lasted for 11 years before being disbanded after the awards of 2013.

Simon Brodkin
Simon Benjamin Brodkin (born 29 September 1977) is an English comedian, performing both on the stand-up circuit and in comedy television series. He is best known for playing a cheerful chav character called Lee Nelson, but also performs as other comedy characters, such as a Liverpudlian footballer called Jason Bent. Performing solo stand-up since 2004, he has also written for and appeared on the television shows Al Murray's Multiple Personality Disorder in 2009, Lee Nelson's Well Good Show in 2010 and Lee Nelson's Well Funny People in 2013.

Brodkin is known for taking part in pranks as his characters at public events, heckling public figures such as Sepp Blatter, Donald Trump and Theresa May.
John Boardman (physicist)
Jack Melton "John" Boardman (September 8, 1932 – May 29, 2025) was an American physicist. He was a professor of physics and astronomy at Queens College and then Brooklyn College (where he spent the majority of his career) in New York City; an internationally renowned science fiction fan, author and fanzine publisher; and a gaming authority.

Filk music
Filk music is a musical culture, genre, and community tied to science fiction, fantasy, and horror fandom and a type of fan labor. The genre has existed since the early 1950s and been played primarily since the mid-1970s. The genre has a niche but faithful popularity in the underground.
1997 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1997 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 102nd staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 26 September to 9 November 1997.

Wolfe Tones na Sionna entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Sixmilebridge in the quarter-finals. Bodyke joined the championship as Clare IHC winners from the previous year.

The final was played on 9 November 1997 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Clarecastle and St Joseph's Doora-Barefield, in what was their second meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in three years. Clarecastle won the match by 2–11 to 0–11 to claim their 10th championship title overall and a first title in three years.

Clarecastle's Ken Ralph was the championship's top scorer with 4–21.

1994 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1994 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 99th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Sixmilebridge entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clarecastle in a quarter-final replay.

The final was played on 1 October 1994 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Clarecastle and St Joseph's Doora-Barefield, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Clarecastle won the match by 1–08 to 0–08 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a first chamionship title in three years.
Haslington
Haslington is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It lies about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of the much larger railway town of Crewe and approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Sandbach. The village was originally bisected by the A534 road that links Crewe with Sandbach, however, this road has now been re-routed to bypass the village to the north-west. The village is also a close neighbour to a number of small towns and villages (including Alsager, Wheelock, Winterley), and is approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from the Elizabethan market town of Nantwich.  The village lies approximately 11 miles (18 km) north-west of the Staffordshire Potteries .

Sandbach
Sandbach (pronounced /ˈsændbætʃ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire East borough of Cheshire, England. The civil parish contains four settlements: Sandbach, Elworth, Ettiley Heath and Wheelock. At the 2021 census, the Sandbach built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 11,290 and the parish had a population of 21,916.
Shelburn, Indiana
Shelburn is a town in Curry Township, Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Shelburn had a population of 1,107. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Terre Haute metropolitan area
The Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Wabash Valley, is the 227th largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States.   Centering on the city of Terre Haute, Indiana, it was originally formed by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted of Vigo County. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Vigo County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. Four Indiana counties are now a part of this MSA.
Parag Kumar Das
Parag Kumar Das was a former editor of Asomiya Pratidin, a journalist, human rights activist, and one of the founders of the human rights movement in Assam.

Parag Kumar Das was also the founder and leader of the human rights NGO Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS).

Before that Parag Kumar Das was the manager of Guwahati Stock Exchange.

Parag Kumar Das was assassinated by SULFA in 1996.

Das had his education at St. Stephen's College and Delhi School of Economics, Delhi.

Central Bureau of Investigation
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is the domestic crime investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions. Originally set up to investigate bribery and governmental corruption, in 1965 it received expanded jurisdiction to investigate breaches of central laws enforceable by the Government of India, multi-state organised crime, multi-agency or international cases. CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act. CBI is India's officially designated single point of contact to act as the liaison with Interpol. The CBI headquarter is  located in CGO Complex, near Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi.
2023 French pension reform strikes
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64.

The strikes led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the Constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.

Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".

Minister of the Interior (France)
The Minister of the Interior (French: Ministre de l'Intérieur, pronounced [ministʁ d(ə) lɛ̃teʁjœʁ]) is the interior minister of the government of France, traditionally responsible for internal security and territorial administration. The minister ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the country's institutions throughout its national territory.

The current Minister of the Interior is Laurent Nuñez, who has held the position since 12 October 2025 under Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu.
Byblos Fossil Museum
The Byblos Fossil Museum (aka Memory of Time) is a museum in Byblos, Lebanon. This museum contains fossil collections of sharks, eels, shrimps, squids, rays, coelacanthes and flying fish. It was opened in 1991 and is in the old souk of Byblos. Most of its collection comes from the nearby villages of Haqel-Byblos, Hjula, and Ennammoura. Some of the bony fish fossil genera that can be seen at the museum are: Apateopholis, Belonostomus, the cephalopod genera, Coccodus, and Ctenothrissa.

Byblos
Byblos (/ˈbɪblɒs/ BIB-loss; Ancient Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbail, Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil [ʒ(ə)beːl]), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the oldest cities in the world,  if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed.
2016 ITF Women's Circuit – Wuhan
The 2016 ITF Women's Circuit – Wuhan was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 3rd edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Wuhan, China, on 25–31 July 2016.

2016 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2016 International Tennis Federation (ITF) Women's Circuit is a second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organized by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 to $100,000.
Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
The Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya (Arabic: مَشْهَد ٱلسَّيِّدَة رُقَيَّة, romanized: Mashhad As-Sayyida Ruqayya), sometimes referred to as the Mausoleum or Tomb of Sayyida Ruqayya, is a 12th-century Islamic religious shrine and mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It was erected in 1133 CE as a memorial to Ruqayya bint Ali (also known as Sayyida Ruqayya), a member of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's family. It is also notable as one of the few and most important Fatimid-era mausoleums preserved in Cairo today.

Although the shrine is designed like a tomb, Ruqqaya bint Ali herself is most likely not buried here, as other historical sources report that she was buried in Damascus. In Pakistan, it is believed that her mausoleum is Bibi Pak Daman, located in Lahore.

Ruqayya bint Husayn
Ruqayya bint al-Ḥusayn (Arabic: رُقَيَّة بِنْت ٱلْحُسَيْن) is said to have been a daughter of Husayn ibn Ali, the third imam in Twelver Shia. Husayn and a small group of his supporters were massacred in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE on the order of the Umayyad caliph Yazid (r. 680–683). Their women and children were then taken captive and marched to the capital Damascus, where it is said Ruqayya died at the age of about three, possibly due to the hostility of her captors. A shrine associated with Ruqayya in Damascus is a popular destination for Shia pilgrimage. The child of Husayn who died shortly after Karbala is sometimes identified as Sakina.
2013–14 SC Bastia season
The 2013–14 season is French football club SC Bastia's 108th professional season, their 48th consecutive season in French top-flight, and their 31st consecutive season in Ligue 1. Bastia is president by Pierre-Marie Geronimi, managed by Frédéric Hantz, and captained by Yannick Cahuzac for the season.

Yannick Cahuzac
Yannick Cahuzac (born 18 January 1985) is a French former professional footballer and who is assistant manager of Ligue 1 club Lens who played as a defensive midfielder. In his career, he played for Bastia, Toulouse, and Lens.

He is the grandson of international footballer and coach Pierre Cahuzac.
Conscientious objectors in Wales
A Conscientious Objector is an "individual who has refused to take part in the Great War". There were different meanings for this, for example, religious meanings (not believing in violence and/or killing), freedom of thought, conscience, and disability. In many countries Conscientious Objectors are forced to do other services as a substitute for military service. Conscientious Objectors were often seen as cowards. Many people from across the United Kingdom were considered to be Conscientious Objectors during the First World War, and the movement was as pronounced in Wales as in any other part of the county.

In Wales there was strong support for the movement from pacifists within the large non-conformist community.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Mordella leai
Mordella leai is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1915.

A common group of small, hairy beetles with curved bodies that end in a sharp point. They are often found on flowers.

Mordella
Mordella is the type genus of the tumbling flower beetle family (Mordellidae), its subfamily Mordellinae and the tribe Mordellini. Its species are found on every continent except Antarctica. The larvae are primarily dead wood borers.
Livadochori, Lemnos
Livadochori (Greek: Λιβαδοχώρι) is a village and a community in the Greek island of Lemnos, part of the municipal unit Nea Koutali. The community includes the village Poliochni. It is situated in the central part of the island, 1 km northwest of Kallithea, 2 km north of Nea Koutali, 7 km northwest of Moudros and 12 km northeast of Myrina. The Lemnos International Airport is 3 km east.

Moudros
Moudros (Greek: Μούδρος) is a town and a former municipality on the island of Lemnos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lemnos, of which it is a municipal unit. It covers the entire eastern peninsula of the island, with a land area of 185.127 km2, covering 38.8% of the island's territory. The municipal seat was the town of Moúdros. Its second largest town is Kontopouli. The municipal unit's total population was 3,398 in the 2021 census.
Bass Strait ferries
Bass Strait Ferries have been the ships that have been used for regular transport across Bass Strait between Tasmania and Victoria on mainland Australia, as well as the various attempts to link Tasmania with Sydney.  Historically, some regular shipping services in the twentieth century linked Sydney, Melbourne and Hobart with the Bass Strait ports: Launceston's various port locations, Devonport and Burnie. The distinction between coastal shipping and Bass Strait ferry has been blurred at times.

At various stages the cost of shipping between Tasmania and the Australian mainland have caused enquiries and calls for subsidies or reduced rates of both ferries and general shipping.

MS Spirit of Tasmania II
MS Spirit of Tasmania II is a roll-on/roll-off ferry operated by Spirit of Tasmania between Geelong and Devonport in Australia. Built in 1998 by Kvaerner Masa-Yards at Turku New Shipyard in Finland for Superfast Ferries as MS Superfast III, since 2002 she has sailed for Spirit of Tasmania as the Spirit of Tasmania II.
Dhariwal Power Station
Dhariwal Power Station or CESC Chandrapur Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located at near Tadali town in Chandrapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The power plant is operated by Dhariwal Infrastructure Limited a subsidiary of CESC Limited.

CESC Limited
The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC) is the Kolkata-based flagship company of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group, born from the erstwhile RPG Group, under the chairmanship of businessman Sanjiv Goenka. It is an Indian electricity generation and the sole distribution company serving 567 square kilometres (219 sq mi) of area administered by the Kolkata municipal corporation, in the city of Kolkata, as well as parts of Howrah, Hooghly, 24 Parganas (North) and 24 Parganas (South) districts in the state of West Bengal. It also serves power distribution in Kota, Bikaner and Bharatpur in Rajasthan under the name CESC RAJASTHAN. It serves 3.0 million consumers approximately, which includes domestic, industrial and commercial users.
Religion in the Thirteen Colonies
Religion in the Thirteen Colonies played a central role in the social and political life of early America. The diversity of religious arrangements in the colonies shaped debates over liberty of conscience and influenced the development of the principle of separation of church and state after independence.

The colonies displayed a wide variety of religious practices. In most of New England there were established Congregational churches dating from the early Puritan migration that set the tone for the colonies. There were established Anglican churches in the Southern colonies such as Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Maryland initially offered toleration for Catholics before establishing Anglicanism in 1692 after the Glorious Revolution in England. Colonies such as Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and Rhode Island had no official church and promoted varying degrees of religious freedom.

Religion in early Virginia
The history of religion in early Virginia begins with the founding of the Virginia Colony, in particular the commencing of Anglican services at Jamestown in 1607. In 1619, the Church of England was made the established church throughout the Colony of Virginia, becoming a dominant religious, cultural, and political force. Throughout the 18th century its power was increasingly challenged by Protestant dissenters and religious movements. Following the American Revolution and political independence from Britain, in 1786 the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom disestablished the Church of England, ending public support and fully legalizing the public and private practice of other religious traditions.
Sherman Oaks Galleria
Sherman Oaks Galleria is an open-air shopping mall and business center located in the Sherman Oaks neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, at the corner of Ventura and Sepulveda Boulevards in the San Fernando Valley.

The teenage mall culture which formed around it and nearby malls formed the basis of the 1982 satirical song "Valley Girl" by Frank Zappa and daughter Moon Zappa, which mentions the Galleria by name, though it misattributes its location as Encino, which it abuts. The mall has been a shooting location for many films, most notably the seminal 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High as well as the 1983 film Valley Girl, both of which focused on the early 1980s San Fernando Valley youth culture.

Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles
Sherman Oaks is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located within the San Fernando Valley region, the neighborhood includes a portion of the Santa Monica Mountains.
Rhiryd ap Bleddyn
Rhiryd ap Bleddyn (1049–1088) was a Welsh king of Powys. He was a son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and Haer verch Gyllin.

He was killed in Powys in the same battle against Rhys ap Tewdwr that killed his brother, Madog ap Bleddyn.

His wife is unknown. He had two sons, Madog and Ithel. Rhiryd's brother, Maredudd, captured Madog and turned him over to their nephew, Owain ap Cadwgan, who blinded him. Maredudd's son, Gruffudd, killed Ithel in 1125.

Maredudd ap Bleddyn
Maredudd ap Bleddyn (d. 1132) was the founder of the resurrected Kingdom of Powys in eastern Wales. He was involved in the rebellions against Henry I of England (son of William the Conqueror who launched the Norman invasion of Wales). He was featured in the Brut y Tywysogion, and was succeeded by his son, Prince Madog ap Maredudd.
2016 Tennessee Senate election
The 2016 Tennessee State Senate election was held on November 8, 2016, to elect 16 of the 33 seats for the Tennessee's State Senate. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on August 4, 2016.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee was held on November 8, 2016, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Tennessee, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including President of the United States. The primaries were held on August 4.

Following the 2016 elections, no seats changed hands, leaving the Tennessee delegation at a 7-2 Republican majority.