hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dark Romanticism
Dark Romanticism is a literary sub-genre of Romanticism, reflecting popular fascination with the irrational, the demonic and the grotesque. Often conflated with Gothic fiction, it has shadowed the euphoric Romantic movement ever since its 18th-century beginnings. Edgar Allan Poe is often celebrated as one of the supreme exponents of the tradition. Dark Romanticism focuses on human fallibility, self-destruction, judgement, punishment, as well as the psychological effects of guilt and sin.

Mario Praz
Mario Praz (Italian: [ˈmaːrjo prats]; 6 September 1896 in Rome – 23 March 1982 in Rome) was an Italian critic of art and literature, and a scholar of English literature. His best-known book, The Romantic Agony (1933), was a comprehensive survey of the decadent, erotic and morbid themes that characterised European authors of the late 18th and 19th centuries (see Femme fatale for a reference of one of his chapters). The book was written and published first in Italian as La carne, la morte e il diavolo nella letteratura romantica in 1930; and the most recent edition was published in Florence by Sansoni in 1996.
Paul Sykes (singer)
Paul Sykes (1937–1994), was an American folksinger, best known for live performances in the early 1960s at The Ice House, a folk music club in Pasadena, California, and as a member of folk trio The Randy Sparks Three.  He also performed at The Troubadour (Los Angeles).

He was a prize-winning Whippet enthusiast in Coronado, California throughout the 1960s.

Randy Sparks
Lloyd Arrington Sparks (July 29, 1933 – February 11, 2024), known professionally as Randy Sparks, was an American musician, singer-songwriter, and founder of The New Christy Minstrels and The Back Porch Majority.
1983 UCLA Bruins softball team
The 1983 UCLA Bruins softball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1983 NCAA Division I softball season.  The Bruins were coached by Sharron Backus, who led her ninth season.  The Bruins played their home games at Sunset Field and finished with a record of 40–7.  They competed in the Western Collegiate Athletic Association, where they finished tied for first with a 17–3 record.

The Bruins were invited to the 1983 NCAA Division I softball tournament, where they swept the Northeast Regional to advance to the Women's College World Series for the second consecutive year.  They finished third after defeating Missouri, Louisiana Tech, and South Carolina and losing to eventual runner-up Cal State Fullerton and eventual champion Texas A&M.

1983 Cal State Fullerton Titans softball team
The 1983 Cal State Fullerton Titans softball team represented California State University, Fullerton in the 1983 NCAA Division I softball season.  The Titans were coached by Judi Garman, who led her fourth season.  The Titans finished with a record of 56–15.

The Titans were invited to the 1983 NCAA Division I softball tournament, where they swept the NCAA West Regional and then completed a run to the title game of the Women's College World Series where they fell to champion Texas A&M.
Penn State College of Engineering
The Penn State College of Engineering is the engineering school of the Pennsylvania State University, headquartered at the University Park campus in University Park, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1896, under the leadership of George W. Atherton. Today, with 13 academic departments and degree programs, over 11,000 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students (8,166 at the University Park campus, and 3,059 at other campuses), and research expenditures of $124 million for the 2016–2017 academic year, the Penn State College of Engineering is in the top 20 of engineering schools in the United States. It is estimated that at least one out of every fifty engineers in the United States got their bachelor's degree from Penn State. Dr. Justin Schwartz currently holds the position of Harold and Inge Marcus Dean of Engineering.

United Technologies
United Technologies Corporation (UTC) was an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Farmington, Connecticut.  It researched, developed, and manufactured products in numerous areas, including aircraft engines, aerospace systems, HVAC, elevators and escalators, fire and security, building automation, and industrial products, among others. UTC was also a large military contractor, getting about 10% of its revenue from the U.S. government. In April 2020, UTC merged with the Raytheon Company to form Raytheon Technologies, later renamed RTX Corporation.
Oscar Sigvald Strugstad
Oscar Sigvald Strugstad (28 November 1887 – 15 March 1953) was a Norwegian military officer.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of Oscar Sigvald Julius Strugstad, who was Minister of Defence for a period. He became a Colonel in 1936, and Major General in 1942. In 1939, when Fredrik Monsen tried to name his successor as Minister of Defence, Strugstad was the strongest candidate along with Birger Ljungberg, who was ultimately chosen.

During the Second World War Strugstad was a military attaché in Stockholm from 1940 to 1941, leader of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland from 1941 to 1942, and leader of the Norwegian military mission to the Allied command in London from 1943 to 1945. He was then stationed with the Allied commander in Norway after Germany's defeat, and led DK Trøndelag from 1945 to 1952.

He died in 1953 and was buried at Vestre gravlund. Strugstad's son, also named Oscar Sigvald Strugstad, was an executive in the food industry.

Birger Ljungberg
Birger Ljungberg (7 June 1884 – 20 April 1967) was a Norwegian military officer and politician from the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Defence from 1939–1942.

Ljungberg was criticized for his actions at the beginning of the Norwegian campaign, the German invasion of Norway, when he did not ensure the rest of the cabinet knew that an ordered partial mobilization would go out in secret, without a public declaration, and slowly by post.
Nematocarcinoidea
Nematocarcinoidea is a superfamily of caridean shrimp, comprising five families – Eugonatonotidae, Lipkiidae, Nematocarcinidae, Rhynchocinetidae, and Xiphocarididae. Their shared feature is the presence of strap-like epipods on at least the first three pairs of pereiopods, and a blunt molar process.

Eugonatonotus
Eugonatonotus is a genus of decapods and is the only genus in the monotypic family Eugonatonotidae.

The species of this genus are found in Central America, Southeastern Asia and Australia.

Species:

Eugonatonotus chacei Chan & Yu, 1991

Eugonatonotus crassus (A.Milne-Edwards, 1881)
Fred Lawrence Whipple
Fred Lawrence Whipple (November 5, 1906 – August 30, 2004) was an American astronomer, who worked at the Harvard College Observatory for more than 70 years. Among his achievements were asteroid and comet discoveries, the "dirty snowball" hypothesis of comets, and the invention of the Whipple shield.

Great Camanoe
Great Camanoe /ˈkɑːmənoʊ/ is a small island just north of Beef Island and northeast of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands that forms part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.

Great Camanoe is primarily a residential island, divided into two communities, Indigo Plantation and The Privateers, on the southern half of the island. Access to the island is by boat only. Visitors often anchor at Lee Bay or Cam Bay, a national park and good snorkeling site.
Hunter, New York
Hunter is a town located in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 3,035 at the time of the 2020 census. The town contains two villages, one named Hunter on the west, and the second called Tannersville, as well as a number of hamlets such as Haines Falls, Platte Clove, Lanesville and Edgewood. Additionally, there are three residential parks location within town limits: Onteora Park, Twilight Park and Elka Park. The town is on the southern border of Greene County and abuts the towns of Woodstock and Saugerties, located in Ulster County.

Woodstock, New York
Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States, in the northern part of the county, northwest of Kingston. It lies within the borders of the Catskill Park. The population was 6,287 at the 2020 census, up from 5,884 in 2010.

Although local Woodstock Sound-Outs were staged in the local area, the actual "Woodstock" Festival was held almost 60 miles (97 km) away at Max Yasgur's farm in the town of Bethel.
5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
The 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5 RAR) was a regular motorised infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally established in 1965 it would serve two tours of South Vietnam before it was linked with the 7th Battalion to form the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment in 1973. In late 2006 the two units were de-linked, and 5 RAR again joined the Australian Army's order of battle in its own right. It has since served in Iraq, East Timor and Afghanistan. The battalion was re-merged with the 7th Battalion to reform the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment in 2024.

Ngãi Giao
Ngãi Giao (Vietnamese: Xã Ngãi Giao) is a commune of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of the 168 new wards, communes and special zones of the city following the reorganization in 2025.

According to Official Dispatch No. 2896/BNV-CQDP dated May 27, 2025 of the Ministry of Home Affairs, after the arrangement, Ngãi Giao commune has an area of 69.30 km², the population as of December 31, 2024 is 49,065 people, the population density is 708 people/km² (statistical data as of December 31, 2024 according to the provisions of Article 6 of Resolution No. 76/2025/UBTVQH15 dated April 14, 2025 of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly).
Oscar Albayalde
Oscar David Albayalde OLH GCrH (Tagalog: [albɐˈjaldɛ]; born November 8, 1963) is a retired Filipino police officer who served as the Chief of the Philippine National Police from April 2018 until his optional retirement in October 2019.

Chief of the Philippine National Police
The Chief of the Philippine National Police (abbreviated as C, PNP; Filipino: Hepe ng Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the head of the Philippines' national police body, the Philippine National Police (PNP). The position is invariably held by a Police General, a four-star general police officer.

The Chief of the Philippine National Police or PNP chief is also an ex officio member of the National Police Commission.
Bodhon (TV series)
Bodhon is an Indian Bengali social action drama web series streaming on "Hoichoi". Directed by Aditi Roy in her directorial debut and written by Sarbari Ghosal, the series has been produced by Shree Venkatesh Films. The series stars Sandipta Sen and Ditipriya Roy in the lead roles, while Koushik Roy, Chandreyee Ghosh, Kaushik Chattopadhyay and Indrasish Roy play other pivotal roles.

Ditipriya Roy plays the role of a rape victim and Sandipta Sen plays the role of her college professor, who instigates her to not hush up the matter in fear of social stigma and instead, take the matter to the court to ensure that the rapists are subjected to stringent punishment. Bodhon marked the second collaboration between Sandipta Sen and Ditipriya Roy, 13 years after the TV series Durga. Two seasons of the series has been streaming till date on the Bengali OTT platform "Hoichoi".

The Telegraph (India)
The Telegraph is an Indian English daily newspaper founded and continuously published in Kolkata since 7 July 1982. It is published by the ABP Group and  competes with the middle-market newspaper The Times of India. The newspaper is the eighth most-widely read English language newspaper in India, as per Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2019.

The Telegraph has three editions, published from Kolkata, South Bengal and North Bengal.
Bimbi, New South Wales
Bimbi is a locality in New South Wales, Australia. The locality is in the Weddin Shire local government area, 395 kilometres (245 mi) west south west of the state capital, Sydney.

At the 2016 census, Bimbi had a population of 114.

Weddin Shire
Weddin Shire is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia.  The shire's major town is Grenfell and it also includes the small towns of Caragabal, Greenethorpe and Quandialla.

The mayor of Weddin Shire Council is Cr Paul Best, who is unaligned with any political party.
Parametric process (optics)
A parametric process is an optical process in which light interacts with matter in such a way as to leave the quantum state of the material unchanged.  As a direct consequence of this there can be no net transfer of energy, momentum, or angular momentum between the optical field and the physical system.  In contrast a non-parametric process is a process in which any part of the quantum state of the system changes.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Paul Janensch
Carl Paul Janensch Jr. (November 26, 1938 – July 15, 2025) was an American executive editor of The Courier-Journal, based in Louisville, Kentucky. He was also co-author of a play that has had several stagings. From 2009 onwards, Janensch was a professor emeritus of journalism at Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, where he had begun teaching in 1995 and led the effort to create the graduate journalism program. He wrote and delivered weekly commentaries and essays on media and other issues for commercial and public radio. He was the onetime president of the Associated Press Managing Editors (1989), a board member of the American Society of News Editors, and a Pulitzer Prize juror.

WNPR
Connecticut Public Radio, commonly known as WNPR, is a network of public radio stations in the state of Connecticut, western Massachusetts, and eastern Long Island, affiliated with National Public Radio (NPR). It is owned by Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network, which also owns Connecticut Public Television (CPTV).

The radio network airs primarily news and talk from NPR along with several locally produced programs. It is headquartered with CPTV in Hartford, and operates an additional studio in New Haven.
Constantinople Conference
The 1876–77 Constantinople Conference (Turkish: Tersane Konferansı "Shipyard Conference", after the venue Tersane Sarayı "Shipyard Palace") of the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia) was held in Constantinople (now Istanbul) from 23 December 1876 until 20 January 1877. Following the beginning of the Herzegovinian Uprising in 1875 and the April Uprising in April 1876, the Great Powers agreed on a project for political reforms in Bosnia and in the Ottoman territories with a majority-Bulgarian population.  The Ottoman Empire refused the proposed reforms, leading to the Russo-Turkish War a few months later.

Tulcea
Tulcea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]; also known by alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 65,624 as of 2021. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube.
1987 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1987 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament was held February 26–28 at E.A. Diddle Arena at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky.

UAB upset hosts Western Kentucky in the championship game, 72–70, to win their fourth Sun Belt men's basketball tournament.

The Blazers, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1987 NCAA tournament. They were joined in the tournament by fellow Sun Belt member Western Kentucky, who received an at-large bid.

Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament has been played every year since the formation of the Sun Belt Conference prior to the 1976–77 American collegiate academic year. The winner of the tournament is guaranteed an automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.
2000 Irish Masters
The 2000 Irish Masters was the twenty-sixth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 21 to 26 March 2000. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.

John Higgins won the tournament for the first time, defeating Stephen Hendry 9‍–‍4 in the final. Higgins made a 147, the second maximum of his career in his quarter‑final win against Jimmy White.

Irish Masters
The Irish Masters was a professional snooker tournament. It was founded in 1978, following on from the successful Benson & Hedges Ireland Tournament (alternatively known as the Benson & Hedges Ireland Championship). The final champion of the tournament was Ronnie O'Sullivan.
VfR Achern
VfR Achern is a German football club from the city of Achern, Baden-Württemberg near the Hornisgrinde mountain. The club was established on 17 October 1907 as Fußball-Club Achern and adopted the name Verein für Rasenspiele Achern in 1910.

Achern
Achern (German pronunciation: [ˈaxɐn] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Achre) is a city in Western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 18 km southwest of Baden-Baden and 19 km northeast of Offenburg.  Achern is the fourth largest town in the district of Ortenau (Ortenaukreis), after Offenburg, Lahr / Black Forest and Kehl.

As subsequent to the district reform in the 1970s the population passed the 20,000 mark, Achern requested to be awarded the status of Große Kreisstadt.  The status was granted by the State government effective January 1, 1974.  Achern collaborates with the communities of Lauf, Sasbach, and Sasbachwalden in administrative matters.

Besides Achern itself, the municipality includes the boroughs of Fautenbach, Gamshurst, Großweier, Mösbach, Oberachern, Önsbach, Sasbachried and Wagshurst.
Samuel Wardwell
Samuel Wardwell (May 16, 1643 – September 22, 1692) was a man accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of 1692. He was executed by hanging on September 22, 1692, along with Alice Parker, Martha Corey, Mary Eastey, Ann Pudeator, Mary Parker, Wilmot Redd, and Margaret Scott.

Wilmot Redd
Wilmot Redd (a.k.a. Wilmot Read and Wilmot Reed) (early 17th century – September 22, 1692) was one of the victims of the Salem witch trials of 1692. She was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, and executed by hanging on September 22, 1692. Her husband was Samuel Redd, a fisherman. She was known for her irritability, but she was given little serious attention.
Addi Bâ
Addi Bâ Mamadou (25 December 1916 – 18 December 1943) was part of the French Resistance as a member of the first Maquis des Vosges during World War II, known to the Germans as "the Black Terrorist" (Der schwarze Terrorist).

Maquis des Vosges
The Maquis des Vosges were groups of French resistance fighters in the Department of the Vosges during the Second World War. They were associated through an amalgamation of different resistance groups roughly when the Conseil national de la Résistance was created on 27 May 1943. Maquis shrubland is a Mediterranean biome of dense shrub, which provided the guerrillas with cover.
John Chang Yik
The Right Reverend John Chang Yik (November 20, 1933, Seoul – August 5, 2020, Chuncheon) was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chunchon, South Korea.

The son of Chang Myon, he was born as Chang Yik. On 30 March 1963, aged 29, he was ordained a parish priest. On 11 November 1994, aged 61, he was appointed as Bishop of Chuncheon and ordained a month later. His consecrators were: Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan, Archbishop Victorinus Youn Kong-hi and Nicolas Cardinal Cheong Jin-suk.  He was appointed Apostolic Administrator of Hamhung in North Korea in 2006; he retired from both posts in 2010.

Nicholas Cheong Jin-suk
Nicholas Cheong Jin-suk (Korean: 정진석; Hanja: 鄭鎭奭; 7 December 1931 – 27 April 2021) was a South Korean Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Seoul from 1998 until he retired in 2012. He was previously Bishop of Cheongju from 1970 to 1998. He was made a cardinal in 2006.
Mukhu Aliyev
Mukhu Gimbatovich Aliyev (Russian: Муху́ Гимба́тович Али́ев, Russian pronunciation: [mʊˈxu ɡʲɪmˈbatəvʲɪtɕ ɐˈlʲiɪf]; Avar: МухӀу Гьимбатил ГӀалиев; born 6 August 1940) is a Russian politician who served as the 2nd Head of the Republic of Dagestan, a federal subject of Russia. He was born in the village of Tanusi, Khunzakhsky District, Dagestan ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Ethnically, he is Avar. He was the speaker of the Republic's parliament before being accepted as the President by the Dagestan parliament on 20 February 2006, having been nominated by the Russian president Vladimir Putin to replace Dagestan's long-time leader Magomedali Magomedov.

Aliyev was succeeded by Magomedsalam Magomedov on 20 February 2010. In line with the Russian Federation's constitution, Magomedov was nominated by President Dmitry Medvedev and approved by the People's Assembly of Dagestan.

Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars (/ˈævɑːrz/), also known as Maharuls' (Avar: магӀарулал, romanized: maⱨarulal, lit. 'mountaineers'), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 meters above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Avar–Andic languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 14th century.
Rajnkovec
Rajnkovec (pronounced [ˈɾaːi̯nkɔʋəts]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Rogaška Slatina in eastern Slovenia, next to the border with Croatia. It lies south of the town of Rogaška Slatina, on a side road leading to the villages of Pristavica and Nimno. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Pristavica, Rogaška Slatina
Pristavica (pronounced [ˈpɾiːstaʋitsa]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Rogaška Slatina in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the right bank of the Sotla River, on the border with Croatia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.