hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige (lit. 'the Magnanimous'), was a German nobleman and a champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany. He was also one of the main belligerents in the War of the Katzenelnbogen Succession.

Duchy of Cleves
51°47′N 6°8′E﻿ / ﻿51.783°N 6.133°E﻿ / 51.783; 6.133

The Duchy of Cleves (German: Herzogtum Kleve; Dutch: Hertogdom Kleef) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau. It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and the towns of Wesel, Kalkar, Xanten, Emmerich, Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west. Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg, as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark. The Duchy was archaically known as Cleveland in English.

The duchy's territory roughly covered the present-day German districts of Cleves (northern part), Wesel and the city of Duisburg, as well as adjacent parts of the Limburg, North Brabant and Gelderland provinces in the Netherlands.
Eran Zahavi
Eran Zahavi (also spelled Zehavi, Hebrew: ערן זהבי, /ɛˈrɑːn zəˈhɑːvɪ/ err-AHN zə-HAH-vi; born 25 July 1987) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Zahavi was named Israeli Footballer of the Year twice (2013–14 and 2014–15), and finished as the top goalscorer of the Israeli Premier League for three consecutive seasons, in 2013–14 (29 goals), 2014–15 (27 goals) and 2015–16 (35 goals, all-time league record). In December 2014, Zahavi broke the Israeli Premier League record for scoring in consecutive appearances after he scored for the 18th game in a row. In 2016, he broke the Israeli league six-decade-old season scoring record, beating the 1954–55 record. He was named the 2017 Chinese Super League MVP, and broke the league's single-season scoring record in 2019.

Zahavi made his debut for the Israel national team in 2010. He was a national team captain and is the current all-time top scorer for Israel with 35 goals.

2009–10 Israel State Cup
The 2009–10 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 71st season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 56th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. It started on 4 September 2009, while the final was held in Ramat Gan Stadium on 11 May 2010.

The competition was won by Hapoel Tel Aviv, who had beaten Bnei Yehuda 3–1 in the final.

As Hapoel Tel Aviv won the double, Bnei Yehuda qualified to the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League, entering in the first qualifying round.
Robin Finck
Robert John "Robin" Finck (born November 7, 1971) is an American guitarist. Finck is the longest-serving touring musician for Nine Inch Nails, performing with the band from 1994 to 2000, and returning in 2008. With Nine Inch Nails, Finck contributed studio performances on The Slip (2008).

Finck also was an official member of Guns N' Roses from 1997 through 2008. With Guns N’ Roses, Finck wrote and recorded on the long-delayed Chinese Democracy (2008), notably co-writing the song "Better".

In 2020, Finck was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Nine Inch Nails. (Guns N' Roses were inducted in 2012; however, Finck was not inducted.)

Alessandro Cortini
Alessandro Cortini (born 24 May 1976) is an Italian musician best known for his work with the American industrial band Nine Inch Nails.
 He plays modular synthesizers, keyboards, guitar, and bass guitar.

Cortini is the first Italian inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020, when he was inducted as a member of Nine Inch Nails.
Leading stock
Leading stock (龍頭股 / 龙头股), which is usually applied to the stock market of Mainland China and Hong Kong, means stock of a certain company which has leading status in their business field, including scope, market share, equity value, turnover and profit. Sometimes, leading stock may lead or influence prices of other stocks in the same business field to rise or drop. However, leading stock is not immutable; its status may last for a period of time before being replaced by others with more leading power.

Stock market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies that are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investments are usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
Beijing Special Weapons and Tactics Unit
The Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau Counter-Terrorism and Special Police Unit (Chinese: 北京市公安局反恐怖和特警总队), sometimes referred to as Beijing SWAT (Chinese: 北京特警), is a police tactical unit within the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau that deals with incidents beyond the capabilities of normal patrol officers such as hostage situations, high risk warrants and riot control.

Police tactical unit
A police tactical unit (PTU) is a specialized police unit trained and equipped to handle situations that are beyond the capabilities of ordinary law enforcement units because of the level of violence (or risk of violence) involved. The tasks of a police tactical unit may include executing dangerous search warrants and arrest warrants for dangerous persons; arresting or neutralizing dangerous or mentally ill armed persons; and intervening in high-risk situations such as shootouts, standoffs, hostage-takings, and terrorist incidents.
Listed buildings in Maer, Staffordshire
Maer is a civil parish in the district of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 27 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Maer and Aston, and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings.  In the parish is a country house, Maer Hall, and another large house, Lea Head Manor, both of which are listed, together with associated structures.  The other listed buildings are a church, memorials in the churchyard, and five mileposts.

Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England.

It is named after the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Kidsgrove and several villages and surrounding rural areas lying generally to the west of Newcastle itself. Most of the borough's built-up areas form part of The Potteries Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Staffordshire Moorlands, Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Shropshire and Cheshire East.
Mesuno Treasure
The Mesuno Treasure, or Mesuno Hoard, is the name given to a gold hoard of around 1,600 macuquina pistole coins that were discovered on El Mesuno Islet near Honda, Colombia. The hoard was discovered by Domingo Guzmán, a local fisherman, on 22 August 1936.

Around 500 pieces of the Mesuno Treasure are preserved by the Bank of the Republic, the central bank of Colombia, and exhibited at the Museo Casa de Moneda as part of the bank's numismatics collection.

Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Spanish: Río Magdalena, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o maɣðaˈlena]; less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about 1,528 kilometres (949 mi) through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much of its lower reaches, in spite of the shifting sand bars at the mouth of its delta, as far as Honda, at the downstream base of its rapids. It flows through the Magdalena River Valley.

Its drainage basin covers a surface of 273,000 square kilometres (105,000 sq mi), which is 24% of the country's area and where 66% of its population lives.
1986 Upper Bann by-election
The 1986 Upper Bann by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

1986 Northern Ireland by-elections
The 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections were fifteen by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement, signed the month before.

Each of the Unionist parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election. 14 of the 15 were re-elected, often with large margins. The sole exception was in the Newry and Armagh by-election, where Seamus Mallon of the Social Democratic and Labour Party unseated Jim Nicholson (UUP).
Explosion Museum of Naval Firepower
The Explosion Museum of Naval Firepower is situated in the former Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Priddy's Hard, in Gosport, Hampshire, England. It now forms part of the National Museum of the Royal Navy.

The museum includes a wide variety of exhibits ranging from the 18th century to the present day.  These range in size from small arms, to missiles and missile launching systems, as well as complete gun turrets.  Exhibits range from the Victorian RBL 20 pounder Armstrong gun through to the Second World War QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun.  Post-war missile systems include the Exocet missile and launcher and Sea Dart missile.  Modern weapons are represented in the Sea Wolf missile system and 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun.

The weapons cover all aspects of naval warfare including surface to surface, air to surface, surface to air and sub-surface weapons systems, and mines and torpedoes.

The museum has a waterside coffee shop which looks out on to the original 18th-century camber dock.

National Museum of the Royal Navy
The National Museum of the Royal Navy was created in early 2009 to act as a single non-departmental public body for the museums of the Royal Navy. With venues across the United Kingdom, the museums detail the history of the Royal Navy operating on and under the sea, on land and in the air.
Prata di Principato Ultra
Prata di Principato Ultra is a town and comune of the province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy. The town spread along a hill on the left shore of the Sabato river.
The place is mentioned for the first time in a historical document in 1070.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
2024 Guam general election
General elections were held in Guam on November 5, 2024. Voters in Guam chose their non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives, attorney general, supreme court judges and all fifteen members of the territorial legislature. The elections were held on the same day as the 2024 United States elections.

This was the first time since 2006 that the Republicans had won a majority in the legislature.

2006 Guam general election
General elections were held in Guam on November 7, 2006, in order to elect the governor, all 15 seats in the Legislature and the federal delegate. There was also a double referendum on legalise slot machines at racing tracks and raising the age at which citizens could purchase and consume alcohol to 21.

Whilst Felix Perez Camacho of the Republican Party was re-elected as governor, the Democratic Party won a majority of seats in the legislature. Madeleine Bordallo was re-elected as the territory's federal delegate, whilst both referendum questions were rejected.
Oregon and Transcontinental Company
The Oregon and Transcontinental Company was a 19th-century holding company in the United States, organized by Henry Villard in 1881 to control the Northern Pacific Railroad and Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. It was incorporated in Oregon. New Jersey passed legislation in 1889 to facilitate the control of other companies by another corporation with a goal of encouraging trusts to convert into holding companies and relocate to that state. Oregon and Transcontinental in 1890 re-incorporated as a holding company in New Jersey and became the North American Company so that it could take advantage of these expanded corporate powers and invest in a wider range of businesses.

Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company
The Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N) was a rail and steamboat transport company that operated a rail network of 1,143 miles (1,839 km) running east from Portland, Oregon, United States, to northeastern Oregon, northeastern Washington, and northern Idaho. It operated from 1896 as a consolidation of several smaller railroads.

OR&N was initially operated as an independent carrier, but Union Pacific (UP) purchased a majority stake in the line in 1898. It became a subsidiary of UP titled the Oregon–Washington Railroad and Navigation Company in 1910. In 1936, Union Pacific formally absorbed the system, which became UP's gateway to the Pacific Northwest.
Fred Kolberg
Frederick William Kolberg (November 13, 1900 – March 21, 1965) was an American welterweight boxer who competed in the early 1920s. He won a bronze medal in Boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics, losing against Canadian boxer Bert Schneider in the semi-final.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Terentilia gens
The gens Terentilia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Only one member of this gens appears in history; Gaius Terentilius Arsa was tribune of the plebs in 462 BC.  A few others are known from inscriptions.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Mustang Bio
Mustang Bio is an American clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company founded in 2015 and headquartered in Worcester, MA, U.S. Operating as a partner company of Fortress Biotech, Mustang Bio develops CAR-T immunotherapies and gene therapies for multiple diseases, including hematologic cancers, solid tumors, and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID).

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is a pediatric treatment and research hospital headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded by entertainer Danny Thomas in 1962, it is a 501(c)(3) designated nonprofit medical corporation which focuses on children's catastrophic diseases, particularly leukemia and other cancers. In the 2021 fiscal year, St. Jude received $2 billion in donations. Daily operating costs average $1.7 million, but patients are not charged for care. St. Jude's covers some, but not all cancer-related costs. St. Jude treats patients up to age 21, and for some conditions, up to age 25.
Cities along the Silk Road
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected many communities of Eurasia(Europe and Asia) by land and sea, stretching from the Mediterranean basin in the west to the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago in the east.

Its main eastern end was in the Chinese city of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an, China) and its main western end was in the Greek city of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). It came into existence in the 2nd century BCE, when Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty was in power, and lasted until the 15th century CE, when the Ottoman Empire blocked off all the trade routes with Europe after it captured Constantinople and thereby conquered the Byzantine Empire.

This article lists the cities along the Silk Road, sorted by region and the modern-day countries in which they are located.

Wari-Bateshwar ruins
The Wari-Bateshwar (Bengali: উয়ারী-বটেশ্বর, Bengali pronunciation: [u̯aɾi bɔʈeʃʃɔɾ]) ruins in Narsingdi, Dhaka Division, Bangladesh is one of the oldest urban archaeological sites in Bangladesh. Excavation in the site unearthed a fortified urban center, paved roads and suburban dwelling. The site was primarily occupied during the Iron Age, from 400 to 100 BCE, as evidenced by the abundance of punch-marked coins and Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) artifacts.

The site also reveals signs of pit dwelling, a feature typically found in Chalcolithic archaeological sites in the Indian sub-continent.
Arceburgo
Arceburgo is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its population as of 2020 was 10,883 people living in a total area of 162 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of São Sebastião do Paraíso. It became a municipality in 1893.

Setubinha
Setubinha is a  municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.  As of 2020 the population was 12,378 in a total area of 536 km2 (207 sq mi). The elevation is 729 metres. It is part of the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni.

The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, with the main crops being coffee, bananas, sugarcane, and corn.  As of 2005 there were no hospitals and 3 public health clinics.  In 2006 there were 14 primary schools and 2 middle schools.
Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties
The Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (Arabic: التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات, at-Takattul ad-Dīmuqrāṭī min ajl il-'Amal wal-Ḥurriyyāt; French: Forum démocratique pour le travail et les libertés), also referred to as Ettakatol or by its French acronym FDTL, is a social democratic political party in Tunisia. It was founded on 9 April 1994 and officially recognized on 25 October 2002. Its founder and Secretary-General is the radiologist Mustapha Ben Jafar.

2009 Tunisian general election
General elections were held in Tunisia on 25 October 2009. Results released on 26 October 2009 indicated a substantial victory for incumbent President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who won the reelection for a fifth five-year term, and the governing Constitutional Democratic Rally. It was the last election contested under the Ben Ali regime, prior to the Tunisian Revolution.
Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon
Angela Evans Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon (born 7 January 1959), is a British politician and life peer serving as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal since 2024. A member of the Labour and Co-operative parties, she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon from 1997 to 2010.

Smith served in government as an Assistant Whip from 2001 to 2002 and a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State from 2002 to 2007. She became Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, in 2007 and served until her appointment as Minister of State for the Third Sector in 2009.

Smith lost her seat to the Conservatives at the 2010 general election, contesting the reformed South Basildon and East Thurrock constituency. She was appointed to the House of Lords shortly after her defeat, where she became Shadow Deputy Chief Whip in 2012 and Shadow Leader in 2015.

Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
The parliamentary private secretary to the prime minister is a parliamentary private secretary serving the prime minister of the United Kingdom. The holder of the office is widely viewed as the prime minister's "eyes and ears" on the backbenches, serving as a liaison to the prime minister's parliamentary party. The parliamentary private secretary is also responsible for meeting with members of Parliament when the prime minister is unavailable, and accompanying the prime minister to, and assisting them with preparations for Prime Minister's Questions. They usually sit directly behind the prime minister during question time.
2007–08 Albanian Cup
2007–08 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fifty-sixth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 2007 with the First Preliminary Round and ended on 7 May 2006 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 2008-09 first qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. KS Besa were the defending champions, having won their first Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by KS Vllaznia.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

2006–07 Albanian Cup
2006–07 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fifty-fifth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 27, 2006 with the First Preliminary Round and ended on May 16, 2007 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 2007–08 first qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. KF Tirana were the defending champions, having won their thirteen Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Besa.

The first two rounds were played in one-legged format, then other rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.