hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heterotypic cortex
Heterotypic cortex consists of those areas of the mature neocortex that deviate markedly from the homogeneous six-layered internal structure seen in the third trimester of human gestation. A few neocortical areas, such as Brodmann area 17 and the granular insular cortex, undergo modification to more than six layers; and in a few areas, such as Brodmann area 4, the number of layers is reduced. Heterotypic cortex is contrasted to homotypic cortex, which retains the fetal six-layered pattern into adulthood. The number of heterotypic areas is small and the specific areas differ somewhat by species.

Granular insular cortex
Granular insular cortex (or visceral area) refers to a portion of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of internal structure in the human and macaque, the rat, and the mouse. Classified as neocortex, it is in primates distinguished from adjacent allocortex (periallocortex) by the presence of granular layers – external granular layer (II) and internal granular layer (IV) – and by differentiation of the external pyramidal layer (III) into sublayers. In primates it occupies the posterior part of the insula. In rodents it is located on the lateral surface of the cortex rostrally, dorsal to the gustatory area or, more caudally, dorsal to the agranular insula.
2024–25 Quinnipiac Bobcats men's ice hockey season
The 2024–25 Quinnipiac Bobcats Men's ice hockey season was the 49th season of play for the program, the 27th at the Division I level and 20th in ECAC Hockey. The Bobcats represented Quinnipiac University in the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, played their home games at the M&T Bank Arena and were coached by Rand Pecknold in his 31st season.

ECAC Hockey
ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I for ice hockey. The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States. This relationship ended in 2004; however, the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference. ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women's and men's divisions.

Cornell University has won the most ECAC men's hockey championships with 14, followed by Harvard at 11. ECAC Hockey teams have won 10 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championships, most recently in 2023.
Melbourne International Exhibition
The Melbourne International Exhibition is the eighth World's fair officially recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) and the first official World's Fair in the Southern Hemisphere.

Sydney International Exhibition
The Sydney International Exhibition was established headed by Lord Augustus Loftus and took place in Sydney in 1879, after being preceded by a number of Metropolitan Intercolonial Exhibitions through the 1870s in Prince Alfred Park.
Mirror descent
In mathematics, mirror descent is an iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function.

It generalizes algorithms such as gradient descent and multiplicative weights.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Amur Bay Bridge
The Amur Bay Bridge (Russian: Мост через Амурский залив) is the low-water bridge in Vladivostok, Russia, that connects the De Frieze Peninsula with the vicinity of the Sedanka microdistrict (микрорайон Седанка) of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, and is part of the highway “Novy Village (Новый) - Peninsula De Friz (Де-Фриз) - Sedanka Station (Седанка) - Patroclus Bay (Патрокл)”. It is one of the three large bridges completed for the 2012 APEC Summit in Vladivostok, the other two being the Russky Bridge and the Zolotoy Bridge.

Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula
The Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula (Russian: полуостров Муравьёва-Амурского) is a peninsula in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located in the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan. Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai, is located on the southern tip of the peninsula.
Batyrevsky District
Batyrevsky District (Russian: Ба́тыревский райо́н; Chuvash: Патăрьел районӗ, Patăryel rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic and borders with Komsomolsky and Ibresinsky Districts in the north, Yalchiksky District in the east, Shemurshinsky District and the Republic of Tatarstan in the south, and with Alatyrsky District in the west. The area of the district is 944 square kilometers (364 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Batyrevo. Population:  38,620 (2010 Census); 41,769 (2002 Census); 44,243 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Batyrevo accounts for 14.1% of the district's total population.

Shemurshinsky District
Shemurshinsky District  (Russian: Шемурши́нский район; Chuvash: Шăмăршă районӗ, Şămărşă rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the south and southwest of the republic. The area of the district is 799.1 square kilometers (308.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shemursha. Population: 14,759 (2010 Census); 16,588 (2002 Census); 18,186 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shemursha accounts for 25.5% of the district's total population.
NGC 6914
NGC 6914 is a reflection nebula located approximately 6,000 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus, and was discovered by Édouard Stephan on August 29, 1881. Ultraviolet radiation from stars in the Cygnus OB2 association ionize the nebula's hydrogen.

Reflection nebula
In astronomy, reflection nebulae are clouds of interstellar dust which might reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby stars is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula, but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the frequency spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds (e. g. diamond dust) and compounds of other elements such as iron and nickel. The latter two are often aligned with the galactic magnetic field and cause the scattered light to be slightly polarized.
Natacha Lagouge
Natacha Lagouge (born 12 March 2000) is a French ice dancer. With her skating partner, Arnaud Caffa, she is the 2025 French national bronze medalist, 2022 CS Ice Challenge silver medalist, 2022 International Challenge Cup champion, and 2023 World University Games bronze medalist.

With her former partner, Corentin Rahier, she is the 2017 JGP Austria bronze medalist and 2017 French national junior champion. They finished within the top eight at the 2018 World Junior Championships.

Bavarian Open
The Bavarian Open is an international figure skating competition held in February at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf, Germany. It is organized by the Skating Union of Bavaria. Since 2011, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
Georg von Hertling
Georg Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Hertling, from 1914 Count von Hertling, (31 August 1843 – 4 January 1919) was a German politician of the Catholic Centre Party. He was foreign minister and minister president of Bavaria, then imperial chancellor of the German Reich and minister president of Prussia from 1 November 1917 to 30 September 1918. He was the first party politician to hold the two offices; all of his predecessors were career civil servants or military men.

Hertling's Catholicism played an important role in both his academic and political life. He belonged to the conservative wing of the Centre Party and resisted moves towards making the government dependent on the will of parliament rather than on the emperor, a stance that helped bring down his government in the final months of World War I.

Minister President of Prussia
The minister-president (German: Ministerpräsident), or prime minister, of Prussia was the head of government of the Prussian state. The office existed from 1848, when it was formed by King Frederick William IV during the 1848–49 Revolution, until the abolition of Prussia in 1947 by the Allied Control Council.
Siedliska, Giżycko County
Siedliska [ɕɛdˈlʲiska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wydminy, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Wydminy, 13 km (8 mi) east of Giżycko, and 98 km (61 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Wydminy
Wydminy [vɨdˈminɨ] is a village in Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wydminy. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of Giżycko and 104 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is situated on the southern shore of Wydmińskie Lake in Masuria.
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It is a white solid with low solubility in water (Ksp = 5.61×10−12). Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids, such as milk of magnesia.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Barium carbonate
Barium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCO3.  Like most alkaline earth metal carbonates, it is a white salt that is poorly soluble in water. It occurs as the mineral known as witherite.  In a commercial sense, it is one of the most important barium compounds.

Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash, sal soda, and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood (once used to produce potash), sodium carbonate became known as "soda ash". It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process, as well as by carbonating sodium hydroxide which is made using the chloralkali process.
Electronic symbol
An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit.  These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.

Photodiode
A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. It produces an electrical current when it absorbs photons. This can be used for detection and measurement applications, or for the generation of electrical power in solar cells. Photodiodes are used in a wide range of applications throughout the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light photocells to gamma ray spectrometers.
Departments of the Quebec Government
These are the departments of the Quebec Government

Executive Council of Quebec

Secrétariat du Conseil du trésor

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

Ministry of Culture and Communications

Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade

Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports

Ministry of Employment and Social Solidarity

Ministry of Families, Seniors and the Status of Women

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Government Services

Ministry of Health and Social Services

Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion

Ministry of International Relations

Ministry of Justice

Ministry of Labour

Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Regions

Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife

Ministry of Public Security

Ministry of Revenue

Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks

Ministry of Tourism

Ministry of Transport

Ministry of Tourism (Quebec)
The Ministry of Tourism (in French: Ministère du Tourisme) is a Ministry of the Government of Quebec responsible for promoting tourism in the province of Quebec.

The current minister is Amélie Dionne.
Willie Watson (musician)
William Currie Watson (born September 23, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, banjo player, actor and founding member of Old Crow Medicine Show. His debut solo album Folk Singer, Vol. I, was released in May 2014; its follow-up Folksinger, Vol. 2 was released September 15, 2017 on Acony Records. He has appeared at the Newport Folk Festival and other major music festivals. He released a self-titled album of his first collection of self-penned songs on September 13, 2024. He currently resides in the Woodland Hills district of Los Angeles.

Watson appears as The Kid in Joel and Ethan Coen's 2018 film The Ballad of Buster Scruggs, also performing on the soundtrack.

Paul Kowert
Paul Kowert (born	July 18, 1986) is an American bassist and composer. His styles include classical, bluegrass, and progressive bluegrass. He is a member of the progressive acoustic quintet Punch Brothers and a founding member of Hawktail, an acoustic supergroup composed of Kowert, fiddler Brittany Haas, guitarist Jordan Tice, and mandolinist Dominick Leslie.
Charlie Brown's, Limehouse
Charlie Brown's was the common name for the Railway Tavern pub in Poplar, London.

The pub was built c. 1840 on the corner of Garford Street and the West India Dock Road and greatly extended in 1919.
The pub was demolished in November 1989 during construction of the Limehouse Link tunnel.

Poplar, London
Poplar is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located five miles (8 km) east of Charing Cross and lies on the western bank of the River Lea.

Poplar is identified as a major district centre in the London Plan, with its centre being Chrisp Street Market, a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development.

Originally part of the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney, the Hamlet of Poplar had become an autonomous area of Stepney by the 17th century, and an independent parish in 1817, the Parish and later Metropolitan Borough of Poplar. After a series of mergers, Poplar became part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in 1965.
1941 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1941 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster semi-final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 21 September 1941  at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Limerick and Galway, in what was their first ever meeting in a final. Limerick won the match by 8-02 to 4-01 to claim their first ever championship title.

All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was a hurling competition organized by the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland. The competition was originally contested by the second teams of the strong counties, and the first teams of the weaker counties. In the years from 1961 to 1973 and from 1997 until now, the strong counties have competed for the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship instead. The competition was then restricted to the weaker counties. The competition was discontinued after 2004 as these counties now compete for the Nicky Rackard Cup instead.

From 1974 to 1982, the original format of the competition was abandoned, and the competition was incorporated in Division 3 of the National Hurling League. The original format, including the strong hurling counties was re-introduced in 1983.
Demo Anthology
Demo Anthology is a 2007 collection of hits and previously unreleased demos by the rock band Winger. The demo material is taken from recording sessions of the debut album Winger (1988) up to Pull (1993).

"Hour of Need" was rewritten by the band, and eventually surfaced as "In My Veins" on the album Pull. "Star Tripper" was reworked and was turned into "Baptized by Fire" on the album In the Heart of the Young. "Give Me More" was also rewritten, and eventually surfaced as "Hell to Pay" on the Japanese version of Pull. This track is also included on the 2001 compilation The Very Best of Winger.

Madalaine
"Madalaine" is the debut single by American rock band Winger, from their self-titled debut album Winger. Released in 1988, the song reached #27 on the Mainstream rock Billboard charts. According to Kip Winger, it was one of the first four songs he and bandmate Reb Beach wrote when they first got together, based on a handful of riffs Reb had from when he was younger. Kip figured out how best to arrange the riffs, enabling the pair to complete the song.
Quebec Championship
The Quebec Championship (French: Championnat de Québec) was a professional golf tournament on the Champions Tour, a professional tour for golfers 50 and older operated by the PGA Tour. A 54-hole event, it debuted in 2010 as the Montreal Championship (French: Championnat de Montréal) at the Club de Golf Fontainebleau in the Montreal suburb of Blainville, Quebec, Canada. The course was a par-72 at 7,105 yards (6,497 m)

For 2012, the tournament moved a week earlier in the schedule and relocated to the Vercheres course at La Vallee du Richelieu Golf Club in Sainte-Julie, Quebec. The tournament remained at La Vallee du Richelieu in 2013, but changed its date to September and switched to the Rouville course.

The 2013 edition was the last in the Montreal area. The event moved to the Quebec City area for 2014, and is now held at Golf La Tempête in Lévis. The 2014 edition is the first PGA Tour-sanctioned event held in the Quebec City area since the 1956 Labatt Open.

Sainte-Julie, Quebec
Sainte-Julie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʒyli]), is an off-island suburb of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada, east of Montreal in Marguerite-D'Youville Regional County Municipality. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 30,045. In 2009 Sainte-Julie was called one of the best towns in which to live in Quebec, and the city is often known as "The Happiest City in Quebec" (French: "La ville la plus heureuse du Québec").
Gil Langley
Gilbert Roche Andrews Langley AM (14 September 1919 – 14 May 2001) was an Australian Test cricketer, champion Australian rules footballer and member of parliament, serving as Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1977 to 1979 for the Don Dunstan Labor government.

Born in North Adelaide, South Australia, Langley attended public schools and gained an apprenticeship as an electrician.  He also gained a reputation as an all round sportsman, starring in cricket and Australian rules football as a junior, being coached in both by former Test cricketer and leading footballer Vic Richardson.

Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly
The Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the South Australian House of Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia. The other presiding officer is the President of the South Australian Legislative Council.

As of the passage of the Constitution (Independent Speaker) Amendment Act 2021 (SA), the Speaker is constitutionally banned from being a member of a registered political party outside of a "relevant election period".

The current Speaker is independent MP Leon Bignell.
Kumasi Sports Academy Ladies F.C.
Kumasi Sports Academy Ladies Football Club is a Ghanaian professional women's football club based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The club features in the Ghana Women’s Premier League. Their rivals are Supreme Ladies and Fabulous Ladies.

Fabulous Ladies F.C.
Fabulous Ladies F.C. is a Ghanaian professional women's football club based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The club was formed by Habiba Atta Forson in 1985. The club is a founding member of the Ghana Women’s Premier League, the top level women's football league in Ghana and have been featuring in the league since 2012.
Oncidiinae
The Oncidiinae is a subtribe within the Orchidaceae that consists of a number of genera that are closely related.

This subtribe consists of about 70 genera with over 1000 species, with Oncidium as its largest genus. These genera consist of a single floral type based on the angle of the attachment of the lip to the column, reflecting pollinator preferences. This has however led to several unreliable results and polyphyletic taxa within Oncidium. These were transferred to Gomesa and a new genus Nohawilliamsia, has been  described for Oncidium orthostates

Most species have well-developed pseudobulbs and conduplicate leaves.

It is possible to form hybrids in some instances between multiple genera within the Oncidiinae. These hybrids are often colloquially referred to as "intergenerics."

Nohawilliamsia
Nohawilliamsia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Only one species is recognized as of June 2014, Nohawilliamsia pirarensis, native to northern South America (Venezuela, Guyana and northern Brazil).
Edward J. Sanderlin
Edward J. Sanderlin (September 14, 1835 – April 15, 1909) was born into slavery. He was in Cincinnati by 1850, where he attended the Gilmore School. He took part in the California Gold Rush and the Pike's Peak Gold Rush in Colorado. He operated a barbershop and restaurant in Denver in its early frontier days. He became a wealthy businessman and investor in mines in Colorado and California.

Sanderlin fought for voting rights for African American males by lobbying at the local, territorial, and federal levels. He was among those who argued that Colorado should not become a state until all males could vote. Sanderlin negotiated for education for black children. He was inducted into the Blacks in Colorado Hall of Fame in 1973.

Blacks in Colorado Hall of Fame
Blacks in Colorado Hall of Fame is a collaboration between Denver Public Library and Denver Public Schools to honor African American Coloradans who were the first in their field to accomplish a professional goal and/or who have actively supported the African American community while achieving their goal.

The original series contained forty-one photographs and was created in 1973 as part of a cooperative venture for Black Awareness Month between the Denver Public Library and the Denver Public Schools. In 1985, as part of the Ford-Warren Branch Library’s 10th Anniversary Celebration, an additional four black Coloradoans were inducted into this Hall of Fame. Since then, every other year at least one is entered into the Hall of Fame Series.