hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La caravane du Caire
La Caravane du Caire is an opera or opéra-ballet in three acts by André Grétry, set to a libretto by Étienne Morel de Chédeville. Tradition has it that either the libretto was partially written or the idea of it was allegedly suggested by the Count of Provence, who would go down in history as Louis XVIII.

The opera was first performed at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 30 October 1783 and had its public premiere at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin, the period venue of the Paris Opera, on 15 January 1784. It was the most successful of Grétry's large-scale works that are lighter in tone: it received over 500 performances at the Paris Opera up to 1829, being billed every year between 1785 and 1791, and, except for 1818, between 1806 and 1828, besides enjoying further irregular stagings during the Revolutionary period.

Opéra-ballet
Opéra-ballet (French: [ɔ.pe.ʁa.ba.lɛ]; plural: opéras-ballets) is a genre of French Baroque lyric theatre that was most popular during the 18th century, combining elements of opera and ballet, "that grew out of the ballets à entrées of the early seventeenth century". It differed from the more elevated tragédie en musique as practised by Jean-Baptiste Lully in several ways. It contained more dance music than the tragédie, and the plots were not necessarily derived from classical mythology and allowed for the comic elements, which Lully had excluded from the tragédie en musique after Thésée (1675). The opéra-ballet consisted of a prologue followed by a number of self-contained acts (also known as entrées), often loosely grouped around a single theme. The individual acts could also be performed independently, in which case they were known as actes de ballet.
Mu2 Boötis
Mu2 Boötis is a binary star in the northern constellation of Boötes. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from μ2 Boötis, and abbreviated Mu2 Boo or μ2 Boo. Based on parallax measurements, these stars are located at a distance of approximately 120 light-years from the Sun.

The components of μ2 Boötis have apparent magnitudes of +7.0 and +7.6. They have similar spectral types, F9V and G0V respectively, and complete one orbit about their common centre of mass every 260 years.

The system μ1 Boötis is at a similar distance and share similar proper motions with μ2, but has a significantly different chemical composition, so they are not gravitationally bound.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
O'Shaughnessy Stadium
O'Shaughnessy Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in St. Paul, Minnesota. It is the home of the St. Thomas Tommies football and track and field teams, in addition to various intramural sports. Construction began on the stadium in 1940, with the completion of the south wall. However, the stadium was not finished until after 1947, following the end of WWII. Opened in 1948, the stadium was designed by architecture firm Ellerbe & Co. and built by Edward Dunningan Co. O'Shaughnessy Stadium is named for Ignatius O'Shaughnessy, an alumnus of St. Thomas and a donor to the school.

The stadium was renovated in 2017 with the addition of a new field turf surface and track surface. The seating capacity of the stadium is 5,025, though its record attendance was 12,483, achieved on September 14, 2014, during a football game against Saint John's. The most recent addition to the stadium is a new, larger, video board installed in 2023.

St. Thomas Tommies (Minnesota) football
The St. Thomas Tommies football program represents University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Football began at the university in the late 1890s and the first official varsity intercollegiate games were played in 1904. St. Thomas was a charter member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, formed in 1920. The Tommies also appeared at the 1949 Cigar Bowl. In 2019, the MIAC announced that St. Thomas would be "involuntarily removed" from the conference at the end of the spring 2021 athletic season citing "athletic competitive parity" concerns. St. Thomas received approval from the NCAA to begin competing at the NCAA Division I FCS level as a member of the Pioneer Football League starting with the 2021 season and became the first program to jump from NCAA Division III directly to Division I FCS.
Los Tigres del Norte at Folsom Prison
Los Tigres del Norte at Folsom Prison is a 2019 documentary directed by Tom Donahue and starring Los Tigres del Norte. The premise revolves around  Los Tigres del Norte performing at Folsom State Prison in California, USA fifty years after Johnny Cash held his historic concert there. The film was released on September 15, 2019, on Netflix.

Folsom State Prison
Folsom California State Prison is a California State Prison in Folsom, California, United States, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the state capital of Sacramento. It is one of 34 adult institutions operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

Opened in 1880, Folsom is the state's second-oldest prison, after San Quentin, and the first in the United States to have electricity. Folsom was also one of the first maximum security prisons. It has been the execution site of 93 condemned prisoners.

Musician Johnny Cash put on two live performances at the prison on January 13, 1968. These were recorded and released as a live album titled At Folsom Prison. He had written and recorded the song "Folsom Prison Blues" more than a decade earlier.
David Dube
Boy David Ditlaishego Dube (born 14 October 1960 in Lydenburg) is a South African politician. Dube deputised for David Mabuza while Mabuza served as provincial chairperson of the African National Congress in Mpumalanga from 2012 to 2015.

Witbank
Witbank (/wətbænk/), officially eMalahleni, is a city situated on the Highveld of Mpumalanga, South Africa, within the Emalahleni Local Municipality. The name Witbank is Afrikaans for "white ridge", and is named after a white sandstone outcrop where wagon transport drivers rested. The city is known for its coal-mining in the surrounding region.

Witbank, which was founded in 1890, was renamed to eMalahleni meaning the place of coal in 2006 by the government of Mpumalanga, matching the municipality. Both names are used.
Ground reconnaissance
Ground reconnaissance (also terrestrial reconnaissance, ground recon), is a type of reconnaissance that is employed along the elements of ground warfare.  It is the collection of intelligence that strictly involves routes, areas, zones (terrain-oriented); and the enemy (force-oriented).  Ground reconnaissance is considered to be the most effective type of reconnaissance but also the slowest method in obtaining information about the terrain and enemy.

Those units in contact with the enemy, especially patrols, are among the most reliable sources of information.  Combat engineers are also good sources of information.  These engineer units conduct engineer reconnaissance of an area and can provide detailed reporting on lines of communications; i.e., roads, rivers, railroad lines, bridges, and obstacles to maneuver.

Intelligence collection management
Intelligence collection management is the process of managing and organizing the collection of intelligence from various sources.  The collection department of an intelligence organization may attempt basic validation of what it collects, but is not supposed to analyze its significance. There is debate in U.S. intelligence community on the difference between validation and analysis, where the National Security Agency may (in the opinion of the Central Intelligence Agency or the Defense Intelligence Agency) try to interpret information when such interpretation is the job of another agency.
MAT-62B mine
The MAT-62B is a Romanian plastic cased circular anti-tank blast mine. It is very similar to the Russian TM-62P2. The mine has a central fuze well which accepts the bakelite P-62 pressure fuze, which contains a CD-11R detonator. The mine can accept fuzes from the Russian TM-62 and TM-72 series of landmines. The low metal content of the mine makes it difficult to detect. A caseless version of the mine, the MAT-76 mine is also produced.

It is possible for the bakelite fuze to deteriorate in desert conditions i.e. reducing the activation pressure required to trigger detonation. In such cases there is a possibility that the mine may detonate simply by handling it.

TM-72 mine
The TM-72 is a Soviet cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine. It is normally used with the MVN-72 or MVN-80 magnetic influence fuzes, which give it a full-width attack capability. It uses a 2.5 kg shaped charge warhead capable of penetrating approximately 100 millimeters of armor at a standoff distance of between 0.25 and 0.5 meters. It is compatible with the fuzes used with the TM-62 series of mines.
1994 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone – Pool G
Group G of tennis's 1994 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone was one of eight pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 1994 Federation Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams qualifying for the knockout stage.

1994 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone – Knockout Stage
The Knockout Stage of the 1994 Federation Cup Europe/Africa Zone was the final stage of the Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Those that qualified for this stage placed first and second in their respective pools.

The sixteen teams were then randomly drawn into a two-stage knockout tournament, with the four winners qualifying for the World Group.
Nobelite
Nobelite was the common designation of the tens of thousands of employees of the companies owned by the Nobel family in Russia during the 19th century and until the Russian Revolution, such as Branobel and the Machine-Building Factory Ludvig Nobel.

The term originated from the pride and loyalty of Nobel family's employees, who enjoyed the benefits of a special worker's welfare program devised by Ludvig Nobel. Nobelite labor conditions were far different from those usually enjoyed by other Russian workers of the time and stood out as an unparelelled humanitarian concern in the Russian Empire. Nobelites were given decent housing, medical care, technical training and elementary education for their children. Ludvig Nobel also abolished child labour in his companies and shortened work hours while establishing a workers' savings bank and a system of regular payment.

Branobel
The Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers, Limited, or Branobel (short for братьев Нобель "brat'yev Nobel" – "Nobel Brothers" in Russian), was an oil company set up by Ludvig Nobel and Baron Peter von Bilderling. It operated mainly in Baku, Azerbaijan, but also in Cheleken, Turkmenistan.
Originally established by Robert Nobel (who contributed 25,000 rubles) and the investments of barons Peter von Bilderling (300,000 rubles) and Standertskjöld (150,000 rubles) as a distillery in 1876, it became, during the late-19th century, one of the largest oil-companies in the world.
Hemachandra
Hemachandra (c. 1088 – c. 1172/1173) was a 12th century Śvetāmbara Jaina ācārya, scholar, poet, mathematician, philosopher, yogi, grammarian, law theorist, historian, lexicographer, rhetorician, logician, and prosodist. Noted as a prodigy by his contemporaries, he gained the title kalikālasarvajña, "the knower of all knowledge in his times" and is also regarded as father of the Gujarati language.

Born as Caṅgadeva, he was ordained in the Śvetāmbara school of Jainism in 1110 and took the name Somacandra. In 1125 he became an adviser to King Kumārapāla and wrote Arhannīti, a work on politics from Jaina perspective. He also produced Triśaṣṭi-śalākā-puruṣacarita (“Deeds of the 63 Illustrious Men”), a Sanskrit epic poem on the history of important figures of Jainism. Later when he was consecrated as ācārya, his name was changed to Hemacandra.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.
Richard Stout
Richard Stout (1836 – August 6, 1896) was a Union Navy sailor during the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor for his actions in an engagement with Confederate naval and land forces on the Stono River in South Carolina.

On January 30, 1863, Stout was serving as a Landsman on the USS Isaac Smith when his ship was ambushed and captured by Confederate forces while operating on the Stono River in South Carolina. For his conduct during this action, in which he was badly wounded, Stout was awarded the Medal of Honor on April 16, 1864.

Stout died at age 59 or 60 and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Owego, New York.

Naval History and Heritage Command
The Naval History and Heritage Command, formerly the Naval Historical Center, is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage located at the historic Washington Navy Yard.  The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations including the Navy Department Library, 10 museums and 1 heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and historic ship ex-USS Nautilus.
Kil'ayim (tractate)
Kil'ayim (Hebrew: כִּלְאַיִם, lit. "Mixed Kinds") is the fourth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah, dealing with several biblical prohibitions of mixed species, namely, planting certain mixtures of seeds, grafting different species of trees together, growing plants other than grapevines in vineyards, crossbreeding animals, working a team of different kinds of animals together, and mixing wool and linen in garments.

The prohibitions are derived from the Torah in Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:9–11.

Like most tractates in the order of Zeraim, it appears in the Mishnah, the Jerusalem Talmud and the Tosefta only; there is no Babylonian Talmud for this tractate.

Tractate (Talmud)
A tractate (Hebrew: מַסֶּכֶת‎ masekhet, Sephardic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛt], Ashkenazic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛs]; plural: מַסֶּכְתּוֹת‎ masekhtot) is an organizational element of Talmudic literature that systematically examines a subject.

A tractate/masekhet consists of chapters (perakim; singular: פרק perek).
John Hopkinson
John Hopkinson, FRS, (27 July 1849 – 27 August 1898) was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE (now the IET) twice in 1890 and 1896. He invented the three-wire (three-phase) system for the distribution of electrical power, for which he was granted a patent in 1882. He also worked in many areas of electromagnetism and electrostatics, and in 1890 was appointed professor of electrical engineering at King's College London, where he was also director of the Siemens Laboratory.

Hopkinson's law, the magnetic counterpart to Ohm's law, is named after him.

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.
David Jones (table tennis)
David Jones was a male English international table tennis player.

He won a silver medal at the 1931 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event), a bronze medal at the 1932 World Table Tennis Championships in the men's doubles with Charlie Bull. His third medal came in the 1933 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) for England.

He twice beat the great Viktor Barna in Swaythling Cup matches.

Charlie Bull
Charles Harry Bull (29 March 1909 – 28 May 1939) was an English sportsman who played in 175 first-class cricket matches between 1929 and 1939 for Kent County Cricket Club and later for Worcestershire County Cricket Club. Bull also represented England at table tennis, winning a number of World Table Tennis Championships medals between 1928 and 1932.
Elif Sıla Aydın
Elif Sıla Aydın (born April 11, 1996) is a Turkish women's handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for Konyaaltı Belediyesi SK, and the Turkey national team. The 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)-tall sportswoman plays in the left wing position.

Handball at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
The handball tournaments at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya occurred between 7 August and 14 August 2021. The handball competition took place at Selçuklu Municipality International Sports Hall in Konya. 4 teams in 2 groups played in a single round-robin system with a one-day interval between each other, and the group competitions were completed in the first 6 days. On Day 7, semi-finals are played an on day 8, the third place and final competitions were played. Group winners and runners-up were cross-matched in the quarter-finals A1-B2 and A2-B1, Winners compete for Gold, and losers for Bronze Medals.

The Games were originally scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021 in Konya, Turkey. In May 2020, the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF), who are responsible for the direction and control of the Islamic Solidarity Games, postponed the games as the 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to July and August 2021, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
History of Central Africa
The history of Central Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed. Central Africa is the central region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Sahara Desert. Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary Central African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states.

Aka people
The Aka or Biaka (also Bayaka, Babenzele) are a nomadic Mbenga pygmy people. They live in south-western Central African Republic and in northern Republic of the Congo. They are related to the Baka people of Cameroon, Gabon, northern Congo, and southwestern Central African Republic.

Unlike the Mbuti pygmies of the eastern Congo (who speak only the language of the tribes with whom they are affiliated), the Aka speak their own language along with whichever of the approximately 15 Bantu peoples they are affiliated.

In 2003, the oral traditions of the Aka were proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. They were featured in the July 1995 National Geographic article "Ndoki: the Last Place on Earth", and a 3-part TV series.
USS Passumpsic
USS Passumpsic (AO-107), the only United States Navy ship to bear the name, was an Ashtabula-class fleet replenishment oiler that served in the U.S. Navy from 1946 to 1973, then transferred to the Military Sealift Command to continue service as United States Naval Ship USNS Passumpsic (T-AO-107). She was the only U.S. Navy ship to bear the name Passumpsic, after the Passumpsic River in Vermont.

Underway replenishment
Underway replenishment (UNREP) (U.S. Navy) or replenishment at sea (RAS) (North Atlantic Treaty Organization/Commonwealth of Nations) is a method of transferring fuel, munitions, and stores from one ship to another while under way. First developed in the early 20th century, it was used extensively by the United States Navy as a logistics support technique in the Pacific theatre of World War II, permitting U.S. carrier task forces to remain at sea indefinitely.
Transportation in Virginia
Transportation in the Commonwealth of Virginia is by land, sea and air. Virginia's extensive network of highways and railroads were developed and built over a period almost 400 years, beginning almost immediately after the founding of Jamestown in 1607, and often incorporating old established trails of the Native Americans.

Interstate 785
Interstate 785 (I-785) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of North Carolina. As of 2022, it is completed through 6.81 miles (10.96 km) eastern Guilford County, through a concurrency with I-840 along the Greensboro Urban Loop. When completed, it will connect Greensboro to Danville, Virginia, a distance of about 50 miles (80 km).
Andropogon floridanus
Andropogon floridanus, commonly referred to as Florida bluestem, is a species of grass endemic to the US southeast coastal plain, primarily in the state of Florida, although it may have scattered populations in Georgia and Alabama.

Florida scrub
Florida scrub is a forest ecoregion found throughout Florida in the United States. It is found on coastal and inland sand ridges and is characterized by an evergreen xeromorphic plant community dominated by shrubs and dwarf oaks. Because the low-nutrient sandy soils do not retain moisture, the ecosystem is effectively an arid one. Wildfires infrequently occur in the Florida scrub. Most of the annual rainfall (about 135 cm or 53 in) falls in summer.

The ecosystem is endangered by residential, commercial and agricultural development. The largest remaining block lies in and around the Ocala National Forest. Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge also holds a high proportion of remaining scrub habitat, while the Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid contains about 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi) of scrub habitat and sponsors biological research on it.
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan (born July 11, 1941) is a French-Nigerien anthropologist. He is Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Marseille. He is also Emeritus Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris and associate professor at Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey where he founded the master of socio-anthropology of health.

Thomas Bierschenk
Thomas Bierschenk (born June 18, 1951, in Linz am Rhein) is a German ethnologist and sociologist. He is Professor of African Cultures and Societies at the Institute for Anthropology and African Studies at the University of Mainz.