hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culture series
The Culture series is a science fiction series written by Scottish author Iain M. Banks and released from 1987 until 2012. The stories centre on The Culture, a utopian, post-scarcity space society of humanoid aliens and advanced superintelligent artificial intelligences living in artificial habitats spread across the Milky Way galaxy. The main themes of the series are the dilemmas that an idealistic, more-advanced civilization faces in dealing with smaller, less-advanced civilizations that do not share its ideals, and whose behaviour it sometimes finds barbaric. In some of the stories, action takes place mainly in non-Culture environments, and the leading characters are often on the fringes of (or non-members of) the Culture, sometimes acting as agents of Culture (knowing and unknowing) in its plans to civilize the galaxy. Each novel is a self-contained story with new characters, although reference is occasionally made to the events of previous novels.

Book series
A book series, or a novel series, is a sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group. Book series can be organized in different ways, such as written by the same author, or marketed as a group by their publisher.
Sundad, Arizona
Sundad is an unincorporated area in the far west of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, along the border of Yuma County. It has an estimated elevation of 965 feet (294 m) above sea level. It is located north of Agua Caliente and east of Sacation Flats.

The Bureau of Land Management considers Sundad a historic site.

Agua Caliente, Arizona
Agua Caliente in Maricopa County, Arizona on the border with Yuma County, is a place north of the Gila River near Hyder, Arizona. Named 'Santa Maria del Agua Caliente' in 1744 by Father Jacob Sedelmayer. In 1775, Father Francisco Garces used the current short form. The location was the site of a resort established at the site of nearby hot springs. Agua Caliente, a name derived from Spanish meaning "hot water", received its name from nearby hot springs which were originally used by the local Indigenous population.
Maraldi (lunar crater)
Maraldi is a worn, eroded crater on the western edge of the Sinus Amoris, in the northeast part of the Moon. To the west-southwest is the crater Vitruvius, and to the northwest lies the worn Littrow crater. Just to the northeast of the crater is the dome-like Mons Maraldi rise.

The crater is named after two Italian-born French astronomers: Giovanni Domenico Maraldi and Giacomo F. Maraldi.

Maraldi has a very worn outer wall that is deeply incised and has the appearance of a circular range of peaks rather than a crater rim. The interior has been flooded with basaltic lava, leaving a flat surface with a low albedo. There is a low ridge just to the northwest of the midpoint, and several tiny craters mark the floor surface.

Maraldi is a crater of Nectarian age.

Littrow (crater)
Littrow is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northeastern part of the Moon's near side, on the east edge of Mare Serenitatis. Its diameter is 29 km. The crater is named after Bohemian astronomer Joseph Johann von Littrow (1781–1840). Some distance to the northeast is the prominent crater Römer, while to the south is Vitruvius.

The rim of Littrow is heavily worn and eroded, especially along the southern wall. The interior has been flooded with lava in the past, leaving a relatively smooth, featureless surface with no central rise.
Nuegado
Nuegados are a traditional plate from many countries in Hispanic America and many villages in La Mancha, Spain such as Valdepeñas, Membrilla and La Solana. Nuégados are "nothing more than fried dumplings coated with a sweet sugar cane sauce"  or honey in La Mancha. To prepare nuégados, one deep fries a dough made of flour, vinegar, oil, eggs and salt, in oil. Honey is then poured on top of the dumplings. They are often eaten with coffee.

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
Skaramangion
The skaramangion (Ancient Greek: σκαραμάγγιον) was a caftan-like tunic in the Byzantine Empire.

The garment was likely of Persian origin, and took the form of a long-sleeved tunic, worn belted, with slits on front and back or the sides, indicating a likely origin as a rider's garment.

The garment was popular among Byzantine courtiers, and became the main everyday court uniform of the middle Byzantine period, along with the sagion cloak. The Byzantine emperors alone had the right to wear skaramangia of imperial purple, but red and golden variants were also worn by emperors. Surviving depictions show the garment made of silk, with gold armbands and a gold border along the hem and slits.

According to Liutprand of Cremona, skaramangia were used as diplomatic gifts by the emperors.

Sagum
The sagum was a garment of note generally worn by members of the Roman military during both the Republic and early Empire.  Regarded symbolically as a garment of war by the same tradition which embraced the toga as one of peace, it was slightly more practical, consisting of a simple rectangular segment of cloth fastened by a leather or metal clasp and worn on top of the armor. The fabric was unwashed wool, saturated with lanolin (which made it water-resistant); it was traditionally dyed bright red.
Postbridge
Postbridge is a hamlet in the heart of Dartmoor in the English county of Devon. It lies on the B3212, roughly midway between Princetown and Moretonhampstead.

Postbridge is on the East Dart river, one of two main tributaries of the River Dart, and consists of a few houses, a shop, a pub and hotel, and a national park tourist information centre.

Postbridge is best known for its fine example of an ancient clapper bridge over the river. First recorded in the 14th century, the bridge is believed to have been built in the 13th century to enable pack horses to cross, carrying tin to the stannary town of Tavistock. The clapper bridge, a Grade II* listed structure, stands alongside a Grade II-listed bridge built in the 1780s.

The settlement is also infamous for the ghost story of the Hairy Hands, which supposedly manifest themselves on a road near the village.

Princetown
Princetown is a village located within Dartmoor national park in the English county of Devon. It is the principal settlement of the civil parish of Dartmoor Forest. At the 2021 census, the village had a population of 1,443.

The village has its origins in 1785, when Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, then secretary to the Prince of Wales, leased a large area of moorland from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, hoping to convert it into good farmland. He encouraged people to live in the area and suggested that a prison be built there. He called the settlement Princetown after the Prince of Wales.

Princetown is the site of Dartmoor Prison. At around 1,430 feet (435 m) above sea level, it is the highest settlement on the moor, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. It is also the largest settlement located on the high moor. The Princetown Railway, closed in 1956, was also the highest railway line in England: its Princetown terminus was also 1,430 feet above sea level.
Infanta María de las Mercedes of Spain
Princess María de las Mercedes of Bavaria, Infanta of Spain (3 October 1911 – 11 September 1953) was a German-Spanish princess. She was the third wife of Georgian Prince Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani. Through her father, Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria, she was a member of the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. Through her mother, Infanta María Teresa of Spain, she was a granddaughter of Alfonso XII and niece of Alfonso XIII.

Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón; 28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador (Spanish: the Peacemaker), was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.

After the Glorious Revolution of 1868 deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Spanish Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, leaving his pregnant widow, Maria Christina of Austria, as regent of Spain. Their son, Alfonso XIII, became king upon his birth the following year. Maria Christina continued as regent until Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902.
Building (mathematics)
In mathematics, a building (also Tits building, named after Jacques Tits) is a combinatorial and geometric structure which simultaneously  generalizes certain aspects of flag manifolds, finite projective planes, and Riemannian symmetric spaces. Buildings were initially introduced by Jacques Tits as a means to understand the structure of isotropic reductive linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields. The more specialized theory of Bruhat–Tits buildings (named also after François Bruhat) plays a role in the study of p-adic Lie groups analogous to that of the theory of symmetric spaces in the theory of Lie groups.

(B, N) pair
In mathematics, a (B, N) pair is a structure on groups of Lie type that allows one to give uniform proofs of many results, instead of giving a large number of case-by-case proofs. Roughly speaking, it shows that all such groups are similar to the general linear group over a field. They were introduced by the mathematician Jacques Tits, and are also sometimes known as Tits systems.
Bridgwater tidal barrier
Bridgwater tidal barrier will be a flood control gate located on the River Parrett in Bridgwater, Somerset, England. The River Parrett is tidal for some 9 miles (14 km) upstream of Bridgwater, and the combination of flooding on the Somerset Levels and high tides reaching up the Bristol Channel, have a detrimental effect on the whole area. In 2022, a tidal flood gate was approved to be installed at a cost of £249 million, which is expected to be operational by 2027.

Bridgwater
Bridgwater is a historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. The town had a population of 41,276 at the 2021 census. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies along both sides of the River Parrett; it has been a major inland port and trading centre since the industrial revolution. Most of its industrial bases still stand today. Its larger neighbour, Taunton, is linked to Bridgwater via a canal, the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line.

Historically, the town had a politically radical tendency. The Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685, was fought nearby. Notable buildings include the Church of St Mary and Blake Museum, which is a largely restored house in Blake Street and was the birthplace of Admiral Blake in 1598. The town has an arts centre and plays host to the annual Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival.
McCarthyism and antisemitism
The role of antisemitism during McCarthyism (also known as the Second Red Scare) has been noted and debated since the 1940s. In particular, the role of antisemitism during the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg has been debated both inside and outside of the Jewish community. The majority of the Hollywood Ten who were imprisoned following the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) were Jewish, with some critics alleging antisemitism. Antisemitism among individuals involved with HUAC has also been noted, including antisemitic Congressional testimony from Martin Dies Jr. and John E. Rankin. During McCarthyism and the Rosenberg trial, many Jewish organizations remained silent concerning or agreed with the prosecution of the Rosenbergs or with McCarthyism in general. Although accused of antisemitism, Joseph McCarthy himself accused others of antisemitism for their criticisms of his investigators Roy Cohn and G. David Schine.

Jewish Currents
Jewish Currents is an American progressive Jewish quarterly magazine and news site whose content reflects the politics of the Jewish left. It features news, political commentary, analysis, and Jewish arts and literature.
Christopher Bouchat
Christopher Eric Bouchat (born October 2, 1967) is an American politician. He is a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for District 5, which encompasses most of Carroll County, Maryland and a small part of southeastern Frederick County, Maryland. He was previously a member of the Carroll County Board of Commissioners from 2018 to 2022, representing District 4 in southwest Carroll County.

Supreme Court of Maryland
The Supreme Court of Maryland (previously the Maryland Court of Appeals) is the highest court of the U.S. state of Maryland. The court, which is composed of one chief justice and six associate justices, meets in the Robert C. Murphy Courts of Appeal Building in the state capital, Annapolis. The term of the Court begins the second Monday of September. The Court is unique among American courts in that the justices wear red robes.
Ian Miller (basketball)
Ian Bennet Miller (born September 28, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Khasin Khuleguud of The League. He played college basketball for Florida State University before playing professionally in Italy, Kazakhstan, Turkey, France, Israel, and Greece, Mongolia.

2025 Basketball Champions League Asia
The 2025 Basketball Champions League Asia was the second edition of the Basketball Champions League Asia, and the 30th season of the continent's top club competition. It was held from 7 to 13 June, 2025 in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates for a second consecutive year.

Utsunomiya Brex of the Japan won their first title and they earned the right to play in the 2025 FIBA Intercontinental Cup.
Dorset Echo
The Dorset Echo is a daily newspaper published in the county of Dorset, England.

The title publishes Monday to Saturday from editorial offices in Weymouth, and covers issues concerning south, central and west Dorset.

The Dorset Echo is a sister paper to the Bournemouth based Daily Echo and is owned by the Newsquest Media Group. In the period December 2010–June 2011, it had an average daily circulation of 17,429. This had dropped to an audited average daily circulation of 9,331 for the period July 2017–December 2017. This dropped again sharply to 3838 July 2024 to December 2024

Newsquest
Newsquest Media Group Limited is the second largest publisher of regional and local newspapers in the United Kingdom. It is owned by the American mass media holding company USA Today Co.

It has 205 brands across the UK, publishing online and in print (165 newspaper brands and 40 magazine brands) and reaches 28 million visitors a month online and 6.5 million readers a week in print.

Based in London, Newsquest employs a total of more than 5,500 people across the UK. It also has a specialist arm that publishes both consumer and business-to-business (B2B) titles such as Insurance Times and The Strad.
Andreas Möller
Andreas Möller (born 2 September 1967) is a German former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He also worked as the head of the youth department at Eintracht Frankfurt for three years, between 2019 and 2022.

From 1985 to 2004 Möller played in 429 Bundesliga games for Eintracht Frankfurt, Borussia Dortmund and FC Schalke 04. During his time in the Bundesliga, he became the first player in league history to reach the landmark of 100 goals and 100 assists each (since matched by Thomas Müller and Marco Reus). Möller also played several seasons in Serie A for Juventus FC. He was a member of the Germany teams that won the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1996, and is also a Champions League winner, UEFA Cup winner, multiple German champion and DFB Cup winner at the club level.

1989 DFB-Supercup
The 1989 DFB-Supercup was the third DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions.

The match was played at the Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, and contested by league champions Bayern Munich and cup winners Borussia Dortmund.
Sjøbotnen Cirque
Sjøbotnen Cirque (71°22′S 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿71.367°S 13.417°E﻿ / -71.367; 13.417) is the prominent cirque in the north face of the main massif of the Gruber Mountains, situated immediately east of Mount Zimmermann, in the Wohlthat Mountains of Queen Maud Land. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–39, and replotted from air photos and surveys by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Sjøbotnen ("the lake cirque") because the inner part of the feature is occupied by a sizable lake.

Gruber Mountains
The Gruber Mountains (German: Otto-von-Gruber-Gebirge) are a small group of mountains consisting of a main massif and several rocky outliers, forming the northeast portion of the Wohlthat Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (GerAE), 1938–39, under Alfred Ritscher. The mountains were remapped by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, who named them for Otto von Gruber, the German cartographer who compiled maps of this area from air photos taken by the GerAE. This feature is not to be confused with "Gruber-Berge," an unidentified toponym applied by the GerAE in northern the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains.
Restarzew Cmentarny
Restarzew Cmentarny [rɛsˈtaʐɛf t͡smɛnˈtarnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Widawa, 26 km (16 mi) south of Łask, and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
Lanzante Limited
Lanzante Limited is a British automotive company specializing in servicing, restoring and developing unique vehicles, while also participating in auto racing in both modern and historic guises under the title of Lanzante Motorsport.

Lanzante Motorsport won the 1995 24 Hours of Le Mans with a McLaren F1 GTR for McLaren Automotive under the name of Kokusai Kaihatsu Racing, leading to Lanzante becoming a service centre for road and race McLarens.

McLaren 720S
The McLaren 720S is a sports car designed and manufactured by British automobile manufacturer McLaren Automotive. It is the second all-new car in the McLaren Super Series, replacing the 650S beginning in May 2017.

The 720S was launched at the Geneva Motor Show on 7 March 2017 and is built on a modified carbon monocoque, which is lighter and stiffer than the previous model, the 650S.
EDO MBM Technology Ltd v Campaign to Smash EDO
EDO MBM Technology Ltd v Campaign to Smash EDO and Others ([2005] EWHC 837 (QB)) was a High Court of Justice civil action brought by EDO MBM Technology Ltd, a subsidiary of EDO Corporation, against protesters in Brighton, that began in April 2005 and was settled by March 2006.

It changed name to EDO Technology Limited ("EDO") and David Anthony Jones v Campaign to Smash EDO and Others ([2005] EWHC 2490 (QB)) to join the managing director and employees of the company as claimants.  Two of the defendants, unincorporated associations "Smash EDO" and "Bombs Out of Brighton Campaign", were struck out in April 2005 because they were unrepresented.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Moses sees Rabbi Akiva (Menachot 29b)
Moses sees Rabbi Akiva teaching the Oral Torah, and later meeting his fate at the hands of the Romans, in a sugya (passage) in the Babylonian Talmud. The sugya appears in tractate Menachot (29b), which generally deals with Temple offerings. Jewish commentaries have drawn many lessons from this story, on topics ranging from rabbinic authority to interpretive innovation to the justification of human suffering (theodicy).

Law given to Moses at Sinai
A law given to Moses at Sinai (Hebrew: הלכה למשה מסיני, romanized: Halakhah le-Moshe mi-Sinai) refers to a halakhic law for which there is no biblical reference or source, but rather it was passed down orally as a teaching originating from Moses at Sinai. Such teachings have not been derived from any Talmudical hermeneutics, but known solely from the Jewish tradition.
1974 Oran Park 100
The 1974 Oran Park 100, one of three races marketed as the Peter Stuyvesant $100,000 was the fifth round of the 1974 Tasman Series. It was open to racing cars complying with the Tasman Formula, which permitted Formula 5000-style cars and 2-litre cars. The race and was held at Oran Park Raceway on 3 February 1974.

It was held on the same circuit that would in November be used for the Australian Grand Prix. Australian driver Max Stewart won the race and would go on to win the Grand Prix as well.

Tasman Series
The Tasman Series (formally the Tasman Championship for Drivers) was a motor racing competition held annually from 1964 to 1975 over a series of races in New Zealand and Australia. It was named after the Tasman Sea which lies between the two countries. The Tasman Series races were held in January through to late February or early March of each year, during the Formula One off season, taking advantage of winter in the Northern Hemisphere to attract many top drivers to summer in the south. The Tasman Cup was the permanent trophy awarded to the winning driver.
Chapmans, British Columbia
Chapmans is a locality in the lower Fraser Canyon area of southwestern British Columbia. The place is on the east shore of the Fraser River and north of Alexandra Bridge Park. The locality, on BC Highway 1, is by road about 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of Hope and 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lytton.

Alexandra Bridge Provincial Park
Alexandra Bridge Park lies within the lower Fraser Canyon of British Columbia, Canada. This provincial park is adjacent to the historic suspension bridge from 1926, which spans the Fraser River and was built using the eastern abutment of the bridge from 1863. The locality, on BC Highway 1, is by road about 44 kilometres (27 mi) north of Hope and 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lytton.