hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 European Open
The 2025 European Open (also known as the BNP Paribas Fortis European Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the European Open and an ATP 250 event on the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Brussels Expo in Brussels, Belgium (moved this year from Antwerp), from 13 October until 19 October 2025.

2025 ATP Tour
The 2025 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2025 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.
Vippachedelhausen
Vippachedelhausen (German pronunciation: [fɪpaxʔeːdl̩ˈhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Am Ettersberg.

Weimarer Land
Weimarer Land is a Landkreis (district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the northeast clockwise) the district Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt, the district Saale-Holzland and the district-free city Jena, the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, Ilm-Kreis, and the district-free city Erfurt. The district-free city Weimar is completely enclosed by the district.
Membership of British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies in international organisations
There are fourteen British Overseas Territories, and three Crown dependencies which are under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom but not part of the United Kingdom itself. Some of these territories have gained membership of international intergovernmental organisations and sports federations. Notably Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Montserrat are associate members of UNESCO; Bermuda, British Virgin Islands and Cayman Islands are members of the International Olympic Committee; and Bermuda is a member of the International Paralympic Committee.

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Waterloo station (Indiana)
Waterloo station is an Amtrak train station in Waterloo, Indiana. Waterloo is a small town of under 2,500 people; the station primarily serves the vastly larger population of Fort Wayne, which is some 25 miles (40 km) to the south. The station opened in 1990; in 2016, the former New York Central Railroad station building was moved and reopened for passenger use. The station has a waiting room and restroom facilities; it is open for only short periods before trains arrive.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
Studieskolen
Studieskolen is a language school in Copenhagen, Denmark. The school has been teaching languages to adults under the name Studieskolen since 1977. Studieskolen provides courses in Danish as well as in 30 other languages, with courses starting all year round.
Studieskolen is a private association whose mission is to improve the language skills of Danes and foreigners in Denmark. Its classes take place at its location in the city centre of Copenhagen.

Language school
A language school is a school where one studies a foreign language. Classes at a language school are usually geared towards, for example, communicative competence in a foreign language. Language learning in such schools typically supplements formal education or existing knowledge of a foreign language.

Students vary widely by age, educational background, work experience. They usually have the possibility of selecting a specific course according to their language proficiency. According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), there are six language levels that define student language proficiency based on their speaking, writing and reading skills.
Plucice
Plucice [pluˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Gorzkowice, 23 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gorzkowice
Gorzkowice [ɡɔʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gorzkowice. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 64 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.
KTAL-FM
KTAL-FM (98.1 MHz, "98 Rocks") is an American radio station licensed to Texarkana, Texas, The station is broadcasting a classic rock format. The station serves the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. KTAL-FM is owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Its studios are located just north of downtown Shreveport, and the transmitter is in Vivian, Louisiana.

The station is a former sister station of KCMC and KTAL-TV, all of which were owned for many years by WEHCO Media until the company sold its broadcasting assets.

KCMC (AM)
KCMC (740 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Texarkana, Texas, United States. It serves the Texarkana metropolitan area. The station is currently owned by Cliff Dumas, through licensee BTC USA Holdings Management Inc. Studios are located on Olive Street, just west of the border with Arkansas. The station is an affiliate of the Dallas Cowboys radio network.

The transmitter site is on De Loach Street in the Texarkana city limits also west of the Arkansas border. 
740 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFZM in Toronto, Ontario is the dominant Class A station.  KCMC must reduce power during nighttime hours in order to protect the nighttime skywave signal of CFZM.
Picton, Lennox and Nueva
Picton, Lennox and Nueva (Spanish: Islas Picton, Nueva y Lennox) form a group of three islands (and their islets) at the extreme southern tip of South America, in the Chilean commune of Cabo de Hornos in Antártica Chilena Province, Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Located in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, they lie east of Navarino Island and are separated from the Argentine part of Isla Grande in the north by the Beagle Channel. They have an area of 170.4 km2 (Lennox), 105.4 km2 (Picton), 120.0 km2 (Nueva).

Close to the islands are the islets of Snipe, Augustus, Becasses, Luff, Jorge, Hermanos, Solitario, Gardiner, Terhalten, Sesambre and others.

Operation Soberanía
Operación Soberanía (Operation Sovereignty) was a planned Argentine military invasion of territory disputed with Chile, and ultimately possibly of Chile itself, due to the Beagle conflict. The invasion was initiated on 22 December 1978 but was halted after a few hours and Argentine forces retreated from the conflict zone without a fight. Whether the Argentine infantry actually crossed the border into Chile has not been established. Argentine sources insist that they crossed the border.

In 1971, Chile and Argentina had agreed to binding arbitration by an international tribunal, under the auspices of the British Government, to settle the boundary dispute.  On 22 May 1977 the British Government announced the decision, which awarded the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands to Chile.

On 25 January 1978 Argentina rejected the decision and attempted to militarily coerce Chile into negotiating a division of the islands that would produce a boundary consistent with Argentine claims.
Mary Cappello
Mary Cappello is a writer and professor of English and Creative Writing at the University of Rhode Island. She is the author of five books of literary nonfiction, and her essays and experimental prose have been published in The Georgia Review, Salmagundi and Cabinet Magazine. Her work has been featured in The New York Times, Salon, The Huffington Post, in guest author blogs for Powell's Books, and on six separate occasions as Notable Essay of the Year in Best American Essays. A 2011 Guggenheim Fellow in Creative Arts/Nonfiction, she recently received a 2015 Berlin Prize from The American Academy in Berlin, a fellowship awarded to scholars, writers, composers, and artists who represent the highest standards of excellence in their fields.

Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute (Russian: Литературный институт им. А. М. Горького) is an institution of higher education in Moscow, Russia. It is located at 25 Tverskoy Boulevard in central Moscow.
Neonesthes microcephalus
Neonesthes microcephalus is a species of barbeled dragonfish in the genus Neonesthes. The species has been observed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, and fully-grown members of the species can reach a maximum length of ~17.2 centimeters.

Stomiidae
Stomiidae is a family of deep-sea ray-finned fish, including the barbeled dragonfishes, that live in all oceans in a wide range of depths. They are quite small, ranging around 15 to 26 centimetres (5.9 to 10.2 in) long, and they exhibit a strong sexual dimorphism. These fish are apex predators and have enormous jaws filled with fang-like teeth; their specially adapted neurocranium and upper-jaw system allows them to open their jaws to more than 100 degrees. This ability allows them to consume extremely large prey, often 50% greater than their standard length.
Mukhairi Ajmal
Muhammad Mukhairi Ajmal bin Mahadi (born 7 November 2001) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Malaysia Super League club Selangor and the Malaysia national team.

Mukhairi began his senior club career playing for PKNP reserve squad, before being promoted to the first team in 2019, aged 18. His individual performances led to a move to Selangor in 2020.

Mukhairi represented Malaysia at the under-19 level, before making his debut for the under-23 level in 2021. He has been called up to the senior Malaysia squad, and made his senior international debut in October 2021. His playing level is in the non-pro league at Selangor, often raising questions about whether he is a pro player or just lucky to have joined the Malaysian Senior national team.

2019 AFF U-18 Youth Championship
The 2019 AFF U-18 Youth Championship or AFF U18 Next Media Cup 2019 was the 17th edition of the AFF U-19 Youth Championship, organised by ASEAN Football Federation. It was hosted by Vietnam during August 2019. Twelve member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation took part in the tournament featuring two groups of six teams.

Australia beat Malaysia 1–0 in the final for their fifth title in the championship.
Jhansi–Bandra Terminus Express
The 22195 / 22196 Jhansi–Bandra Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways – North Central Railway zone that runs between  Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Junction and Bandra Terminus in India.

It operates as train number 22195 from Virangana Lakshmibai Jhansi Junction to Bandra Terminus and as train number 22196 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat & Maharashtra.

Indian Railways coaching stock
Indian Railways coaching stock consists of various travel-classes of passenger coaches, freight wagons, and other specialised coaching stock for specific uses. The Indian Railways, which operates India's railway system, comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. As of 2022, it operates over 8,000 trains daily using an inventory of 84,863 passenger coaches and 318,196 freight wagons. The rolling stock is manufactured by five units owned by the Indian Railways, four public sector units, and one private company.
Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)
A dark star is a theoretical object compatible with Newtonian mechanics that, due to its large mass, has a surface escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light.  Whether light is affected by gravity under Newtonian mechanics is unclear but if it were accelerated the same way as projectiles, any light emitted at the surface of a dark star would be trapped by the star's gravity, rendering it dark, hence the name. Dark stars are analogous to black holes in general relativity.

Henry Cavendish
Henry Cavendish (/ˈkævəndɪʃ/ KAV-ən-dish; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper, On Factitious Airs. Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name.

A shy man, Cavendish was distinguished for great accuracy and precision in his researches into the composition of atmospheric air, the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law governing electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, and calculations of the density (and hence the mass) of the Earth. His experiment to measure the density of the Earth (which, in turn, allows the gravitational constant to be calculated) has come to be known as the Cavendish experiment.
Stromatopelma
Stromatopelma is a genus of African tarantulas that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1881. They are renowned for their potent venom that uses stromatoxin peptides to induce medically significant effects.

Tarantula
Tarantulas are a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. More than a thousand species have been identified, within almost 200 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although many other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as "tarantulas" or "false tarantulas".  Some of the more common species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. Many New World species kept as pets have setae known as urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin, and in extreme cases, cause damage to the eyes.
Tteok Museum
Tteok Museum is a museum located in Waryong-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. Founded by Yoon Sookja, the chief director of the Institute of Traditional Korean Food (한국전통음식연구소), it opened in December, 2002. The museum specializes in Korean cutlery with approximately 2,000 old Korean kitchen utensils from ancient maetdol (맷돌, grinding stones) to early 20th century kitchenwares on display and exhibits 50 of Korea's nearly 200 types of tteok (Korean rice cake).

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.
Foxleigh coal mine
The Foxleigh Coal Mine is a coal mine in Mackenzie River, Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. It is within the Bowen Basin coal reserves of Central Queensland. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 102 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 3 million tonnes of coal.

Coal extracted from the mine has a very low ash content which is rare in Australia and valued by steelmakers.

The mine is owned by Middlemount South, POSCO and Nippon Steel.  Exports leave the country via the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal at Hay Point.

Isaac Region
The Isaac Region is a local government area located in Central Queensland, Queensland, Australia created in March 2008 as a result of the report of the Local Government Reform Commission released in July 2007.

In the 2021 census, the Isaac Region had a population of 22,046 people.
Mediation of the Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)
Mediation of the Chadian-Sudanese conflict began shortly after the government of Chad declared an "état de belligérance", or 'state of belligerency' with Sudan. on December 23, 2005. The BBC translated "belligérance" as "war".

The Chadian government called for the citizens of Chad to mobilize themselves against the "common enemy", referring to militant members of the Rally for Democracy and Liberty and Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy (SCUD) rebel groups — Chadian rebels, allegedly backed by the Sudanese government — and Sudanese Janjaweed militiamen who have crossed over from Sudan while pursuing Fur refugees. The RDL denied they were receiving support from the Sudanese government. Between December 26 and December 28 RDL and SCUD joined with six other rebel groups to form the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance, led by Mohammed Nour.

Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim
Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim (born 1960) is a former Chadian rebel leader. After signing a peace agreement with the government, he served as Minister of Defense for nine months in 2007.

Born in eastern Chad, of Tama ethnicity, Nour is a nephew of Mahamat Garfa and cousin of Mahamat Abbo Sileck.

He founded and led the rebel group Rally for Democracy and Liberty until it became a subsidiary to the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance, led by Nour and formed between 26 and 28 December 2005. Nour masterminded the Battle of Adré on December 18, 2005, that ended with the deaths of either 100 or 300 rebels. After the attack, List of heads of state of Chad Idriss Déby declared a state of war with Sudan. The first battle of the Chadian Civil War (2005–2010) took place on December 26 when Chadian National Army crossed the border with Sudan while pursuing the RDL.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1109
United Nations Security Council resolution 1109, adopted unanimously on 28 May 1997, after considering a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the Council noted its efforts to establish a durable and just peace in the Middle East.

The resolution called upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973). It renewed the mandate of the Observer Force for another six months until 30 November 1997 and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.

The Secretary-General's report noted that while no violations of the ceasefire had occurred and the situation between Israel and Syria remained calm, there were still restrictions on the freedom of movement of UNDOF in some areas.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 338
United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 was a three-line resolution adopted by the UN Security Council on 22 October 1973, which called for a ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War in accordance with a joint proposal by the United States and the Soviet Union. It was passed at the 1747th Security Council meeting by 14 votes to none, with China abstaining.

The resolution stipulated that the ceasefire should take effect within 12 hours of the adoption of the resolution; that Security Council Resolution 242 be implemented "in all its parts"; and for negotiations to start between Israel and the Arab states. Fighting continued despite the passing of Resolution 338, and the Security Council passed Resolution 339 soon after. Resolution 340 was passed on 25 October, ending the war.
Teversal
Teversal is a village in the Ashfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies north of Sutton-in-Ashfield and 3 miles (5 km) west of Mansfield. It is close to the boundary with Derbyshire. Former names include Tevershalt, Teversholt, Tyversholtee, Teversale, Tevershall and Teversall. Teversal Manor is said to have inspired D. H. Lawrence to write his book Lady Chatterley's Lover.

Mansfield
Mansfield /ˈmænzfiːld/ is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city of Nottingham). Henry III granted Mansfield the Royal Charter of a market town in 1227. The town lies in the Maun Valley, 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham. The district had a population of 110,500 at the 2021 census. Mansfield is the one local authority in Nottinghamshire with a publicly elected mayor, the Mayor of Mansfield. Mansfield in ancient times became the pre-eminent in importance amongst the towns of Sherwood Forest.
Daiba Route
The Daiba Route (台場線, Daiba-sen), signed as Route 11, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area. Route 11 runs from Shibaura Junction (with the Haneda Route) in Minato-ku and runs for 3.9 km through the Rainbow Bridge. Route 11 ends at the Ariake Junction connecting with the Bayshore Route in Kōtō-ku.

Originally, the route number was "12" in urban planning.

Haneda Route
The Haneda Route (羽田線, Haneda-sen), signed as Route 1, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area. It is one two expressways signed as Route 1 in the system, the other expressway signed as Route 1 is the Ueno Route. The route is a 13.8-kilometer (8.6 mi) long radial highway running south from the ward of Minato in central Tokyo to the ward of Ōta. It connects Tokyo's Inner Circular Route in central Tokyo to Haneda International Airport, one of the Tokyo area's two international airports, as well as the Yokohane Route, which leads to Kawasaki and Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture.
Rogelio Singson
Rogelio Lazo Singson (born September 16, 1948) is a Filipino industrial engineer, businessman, and public servant. He served as Secretary of Public Works and Highways under President Benigno Aquino III from 2010 to 2016.

Secretary of Public Works and Highways
The secretary of public works and highways (Filipino: Kalihim ng mga Pagawain at Lansangang Bayan) is the head of the Department of Public Works and Highways in the national government of the Philippines, and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The current secretary is Vince Dizon who assumed the post on September 1, 2025, on an ad interim basis as he has yet to be confirmed by the Commission on Appointments.