hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muqatil ibn Sulayman
Muqātil ibn Sulaymān (Arabic: أبو الحسن مقاتل بن سليمان البلخى, romanized: Abū-l Ḥassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān Al-Balkhī) (d. 767 C.E.) was an 8th-century Muslim scholar of the Quran, controversial for his anthropomorphism. He wrote one of the earliest, if not first, commentaries of the Qur'an which is still available today.

Muqatil is the author of a tafsir (commentary) on the Quran that John Wansbrough considers the oldest surviving complete tafsir and discusses in some detail. This work was still in manuscript when Wansbrough wrote but has since been published.

Muqatil believed that God is a physical being with body parts, whether small or large, such as hands, feet and both eyes.

Waki' ibn al-Jarrah
Abū Sufyān Wakīʿ ibn al-Jarrāḥ ibn Malīḥ al-Ruʾāsī al-Kilābī al-Kufī (Arabic: أبو سفيان وكيع بن الجراح بن مليح الرؤاسي الكلابي الكوفي; 745/47–812) was a prominent hadith scholar based in Kufa. He was one of the principal teachers of the major Sunni Muslim jurist Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
Locality of reference
In computer science, locality of reference, also known as the principle of locality, is the tendency of a processor to access the same set of memory locations repetitively over a short period of time. There are two basic types of reference locality – temporal and spatial locality. Temporal locality refers to the reuse of specific data and/or resources within a relatively small time duration. Spatial locality (also termed data locality) refers to the use of data elements within relatively close storage locations. Sequential locality, a special case of spatial locality, occurs when data elements are arranged and accessed linearly, such as traversing the elements in a one-dimensional array.

Locality is a type of predictable behavior that occurs in computer systems. Systems which exhibit strong locality of reference are good candidates for performance optimization through the use of techniques such as the caching, prefetching for memory and advanced branch predictors of a processor core.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
The 1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held on 17 January to choose the fifth leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Hutt MP and incumbent deputy-leader Walter Nash.

Warren Freer
Warren Wilfred Freer QSO (27 December 1920 – 29 March 2013) was a New Zealand politician and member of the Labour Party. He represented the Mount Albert electorate from 1947 to 1981. He is internationally known as the first Western politician to ever visit the People's Republic of China after its creation in 1949.
Quebec Route 277
Route 277 is a two-lane north–south highway in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in the province of Quebec, Canada. Its northern terminus is in Saint-Henri at the junction of Route 173 and its southern terminus is in Sainte-Aurélie at the junction of Route 275.

Quebec Route 275
Route 275 is a two-lane north/south highway in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in the province of Quebec. Its northern terminus is in Saint-Romuald, now part of Lévis at the junction of Route 132 and its southern terminus is in Saint-Côme–Linière at the junction of Route 173.
Health visitor
Health visitors are professional individuals engaged in public health work within the domestic setting, predominantly found in countries with state-funded health systems. They are distinct from district nurses, who provide clinical healthcare, domestically.

District nurse
A district nurse manages care within a community and leads teams of community nurses and support workers. Duties generally include visiting house-bound patients and providing advice and care such as palliative care, wound management, catheter and continence care and medication support. Their work involves both follow-up care for recently discharged hospital inpatients and longer-term care for chronically ill patients who may be referred by many other services, as well as working collaboratively with general practitioners in preventing unnecessary or avoidable hospital admissions.

In the United Kingdom, the role requires registered nurses to take a specialist practitioner course that is approved by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC).
Leo Wollman
Dr. Leo Wollman (1914–1998), was a New York City medical doctor who assisted transgender individuals with their transitions. In 1979 he served on the founding committee of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, now the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which wrote its first Standards of Care.

He had an uncredited appearance in the film Let Me Die a Woman directed by Doris Wishman. He was also a science and medicine advisor.

Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. It often influences clinicians' decisions regarding patients' treatment. While other standards, protocols, and guidelines exist – especially outside the United States – the WPATH SOC is the most widespread protocol used by professionals working with transgender or gender-variant people.

Version 8 of the WPATH SOC, the latest version, was released online on September 15, 2022.
History of the FA Cup
The history of the FA Cup in association football dates back to 1871–72. Aside from suspensions during the First and Second World Wars, the competition has been played every year since.

For a complete listing of FA Cup winners, see the list of FA Cup finals.

1953 FA Cup final
The 1953 FA Cup final, also known as the Matthews Final, was the eighth to be held at Wembley Stadium after the Second World War. The football match was contested between Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers, with Blackpool winning 4–3, equalling the record for the highest scoring FA Cup Final which had been set in the final of 1890. The match became famous for the performance of Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews, after whom it was nicknamed. It was the third FA Cup Final (after those in 1890 and 1894) to feature a hat-trick, scored by Blackpool's Stan Mortensen. Blackpool were making their third FA Cup final appearance in six years having been losing finalists twice, in 1948 and 1951.

In February 2010, the boots worn by Matthews in the match were auctioned at Bonhams in Chester for £38,400, to an undisclosed buyer and in November 2014 Matthews' winning medal was sold for £220,000. The match ball fetched £5,250 in 2018.
Carenage
Carenage is a town in Trinidad and Tobago.  It is located on northwestern Trinidad, and is administered by the Diego Martin Regional Corporation. Located close to Chaguaramas, it is more of a residential area than a commercial or industrial locale.

The name is derived from the practice of careening (i.e., beaching, "carénage" in French) sailing vessels for maintenance, which had been done in the area for many years.

Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago
Chaguaramas (/ˌʃɑːɡəˈrɑːməs/, (Pronunciationⓘ) lies in the Northwest Peninsula of Trinidad west of Port of Spain; the name is often applied to the entire peninsula, but is sometimes used to refer to its most developed area.  The developed area in Chaguaramas starts at an Aloca aluminum manufacturing plant and dock, and ends at the Army and Coast Guard camps on the mainland. Offshore, a group known as The Five Islands are in various stages of development or redevelopment, as of 2016.

Most of the roadway in Chaguaramas lies close to the coastline and one can view the sea from the winding road. It is about 14 km from Port of Spain.
Environmental issues in Afghanistan
Environmental issues in Afghanistan are monitored by the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA). These issues predate the political turmoil of the past few decades. Forests have been depleted by centuries of grazing and farming, practices which have only increased with modern population growth.

In Afghanistan, environmental conservation and economic concerns are not at odds; with over 44% of the population dependent on herding or farming, welfare of the environment is critical to the economic welfare of the people. Environmental hazards cause about 26% of all deaths in the country.

Marbled duck
The marbled duck or marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris) is a medium-sized species of duck from southern Europe, northern Africa, and western and central Asia. The scientific name, Marmaronetta angustirostris, comes from the Greek marmaros, marbled and netta, a duck, and Latin angustus, narrow or small and -rostris billed.
Xyloides
Xyloides is a monotypic moth genus in the family Carposinidae described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1954. Its single species, Xyloides lamproxylon, described by the same author in the same year, is found on New Guinea.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).
Ohana project
The Ohana project aims to use seven big telescopes on top of Mauna Kea, Hawaiʻi Big Island, in an interferometer configuration. Mauna Kea is a former volcano whose height is 13,600 ft (4,145 m). It is a good site for telescopes which probe the universe in the optical and infrared wavelengths because of its altitude and low levels of light pollution.

OHANA stands for Optical Hawaiian Array for Nanoradian Astronomy. In Hawaiʻian, ‘ohana means "family".

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Asian Tour 2015/2016 – Event 1
The Asian Tour 2015/2016 – Event 1 (also known as the 2015 Haining Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 19 and 23 October 2015 in Haining, China.

Stuart Bingham was the defending champion, but chose not to defend his title; Ding Junhui won the title for the first time, beating Ricky Walden 4–3 in the final.

Players Tour Championship 2015/2016
The Players Tour Championship 2015/2016 was a series of snooker tournaments which started on 29 July 2015 and ended on 27 March 2016, with events held across Europe and Asia. In this season the European events form the European Tour and events held in Asia the Asian Tour. This season there were seven regular minor-ranking events down from nine the previous season concluding with the finals which held full Ranking event status.
Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (Rama IX), died at the age of 88 on 13 October 2016 (B.E. 2559), after a long illness. A year-long period of mourning was subsequently announced. His royal cremation ceremony took place over five days at the end of October 2017. The actual cremation, which was not broadcast on television, was held in the late evening of 26 October 2017. Following cremation his remains and ashes were taken to the Grand Palace and were enshrined at the Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall (royal remains), the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit and Wat Bowonniwet Vihara (royal ashes). Following burial, the mourning period officially ended on midnight of 30 October 2017 and Thais resumed wearing colours other than black in public.

Sirindhorn
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Princess Royal (born 2 April 1955) is a member of the Thai royal family. She is the second daughter of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Queen Sirikit, and the younger sister of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).
Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.

Foil (fluid mechanics)
A foil is a solid object with a shape such that when placed in a moving fluid at a suitable angle of attack the lift (force generated perpendicular to the fluid flow) is substantially larger than the drag (force generated parallel to the fluid flow).  If the fluid is a gas, the foil is called an airfoil or aerofoil, and if the fluid is water the foil is called a hydrofoil.
Kanacea
Kanacea (pronounced [kanaˈðea]) (Kanathea) is a volcanic island with seven peaks in Fiji's Lau archipelago.  It is 15 km west of Vanua Balavu. Covering an area of 12.48 square kilometres (3,084 acres), it has a maximum elevation of 259 meters.

The island features a coconut plantation and many streams, and is circled by great beaches and fringing reefs with a boat opening and a large lagoon on the northeastern side. Plantation buildings and a school remain.

Kanacea is privately owned. Its main economic activity was centered on copra and sugarcane, and it retains a coconut plantation.

Lau Islands
The Lau Islands (also called the Lau Group, the Eastern Group, the Eastern Archipelago) of Fiji are situated in the southern Pacific Ocean, just east of the Koro Sea. Of this chain of about sixty islands and islets, about thirty are inhabited.  The Lau Group covers a land area of 188 square miles (487 square km), and had a population of 10,683 at the most recent census in 2007.  While most of the northern Lau Group are high islands of volcanic origin, those of the south are mostly carbonate low islands.

Administratively the islands belong to Lau Province.
Bivincula watsoni
Bivincula watsoni is a moth in the family Bombycidae. It was described by Wolfgang Dierl in 1978. It is found in Sikkim, India.

The wingspan is about 32 mm. The ground colour is white with grey markings.

Bombycidae
The Bombycidae are a family of moths known as silkworm moths. The best-known species is Bombyx mori (Linnaeus), or domestic silk moth, native to northern China and domesticated for millennia. Another well-known species is Bombyx mandarina, also native to Asia.
Éver Banega
Éver Maximiliano David Banega (born 29 June 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Argentine Primera División club Defensa y Justicia.

He started his career with Boca Juniors, and signed with Valencia in 2008 where he remained for several years, appearing in 162 official games and winning the 2008 Copa del Rey. After joining Sevilla in 2014, he conquered three Europa League trophies over two spells.

Banega represented Argentina at the 2018 World Cup. Additionally, he won an Olympic medal in 2008 and appeared in three Copa América tournaments, helping the team to the final of the 2015 and 2016 editions.

2015–16 UEFA Europa League
The 2015–16 UEFA Europa League was the 45th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the seventh season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League.

The final was played between Liverpool and Sevilla at the St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland, and won by Sevilla, their fifth title (extending their own record) and third win in a row (also a tournament record).

Sevilla initially started the 2015–16 European club season in the Champions League as the Europa League title holders, but qualified for the Europa League by finishing third in the Champions League group stage, and successfully defended their title. As the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, they qualified for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, and also earned the right to play against the winners of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid, in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup.
Sailors' superstitions
Sailors' superstitions are superstitions particular to sailors or mariners, and which traditionally have been common around the world.  Some of these beliefs are popular superstitions, while others are better described as traditions, stories, folklore, tropes, myths, or legends. The origins of many of these superstitions are based in the inherent risks of sailing, and luck, either good or bad, as well as portents and omens that would be given associative meaning in relation to the life of a mariner, sailor, fisherman, or a crew in general. Even in the 21st century, "fishers and related fishing workers" in the U.S. have the second-most dangerous occupation, trailing only loggers.

Erasmus of Formia
Erasmus of Formia, also known as Saint Elmo (died c. 303), was a Christian saint and martyr. He is venerated as the patron saint of sailors and abdominal pain. Erasmus or Elmo is also one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, saintly figures of Catholicism who are venerated especially as intercessors.
Border Cyclists Battalion of Limburg (Belgium)
The Border Cyclists Battalion of Limburg (Cyclistes Bataillon du Limburg) was a Cyclist Battalion that was active in the Battle of Belgium. It fought against the German Armed Forces at several key moments but ultimately, the battle was lost.

4th Infantry Division (Belgium)
The 4th Infantry Division (4de Infanterie Divisie) was an infantry division of the Belgian Army that existed during the First World War (1914-18) and the Battle of Belgium (1940) in the Second World War.
Healthcare reforms proposed during the Obama administration
There were a number of different health care reforms proposed during the Obama administration. Key reforms address cost and coverage and include obesity, prevention and treatment of chronic conditions, defensive medicine or tort reform, incentives that reward more care instead of better care, redundant payment systems, tax policy, rationing, a shortage of doctors and nurses, intervention vs. hospice, fraud, and use of imaging technology, among others.

The first of these reform proposals to be passed by the United States Congress is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which originated in the Senate and was later passed by the House of Representatives in amended form on March 21, 2010 (with a vote of 219–212). President Barack Obama signed the reforms into law on March 23, 2010. Reuters and CNN summarized the reforms and the year in which they take effect.

United States Government Accountability Office
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress in an independent and nonpartisan capacity. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the US General Accounting Office Building in Judiciary Square, and has a headquarters office annex at the Longworth House Office Building on Capitol Hill.

The GAO is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog".

The agency is headed by the comptroller general of the United States. The current Acting Comptroller General is Orice Williams Brown, who has served in the position since December 30th 2025.
Pre-independence schools in Kenya
Pre-independence schools in Kenya with institutionalised education began before the country became independent of British colonialism in 1963, with some 80 schools having been established by various groups and for various communities.

Westlands, Nairobi
Westlands is a mixed-use neighbourhood in Upper Parklands in Nairobi. Located 3.0 kilometres (2 mi) from Nairobi's central business district, it sits on the westerly areas of the larger Parklands area of Nairobi.
Priests for Life
Priests for Life (PFL) is an anti-abortion organization based in Titusville, Florida. PFL functions as a network to promote and coordinate anti-abortion activism, especially among Roman Catholic priests and laymen, with the primary strategic goal of ending abortion and euthanasia, and to spread the message of the Evangelium vitae encyclical, written by Pope John Paul II.

On April 30, 1991, Archbishop John R. Quinn of San Francisco officially approved Priests for Life as a Private Association of the Faithful, a term drawn from the 1983 Code of Canon Law. The organization was later listed in the official Catholic Directory. Priests for Life has formed an international association of Catholics called "Gospel of Life", and has requested the Holy See to grant appropriate status and structure in the Church. Bishop Patrick Zurek of the Diocese of Amarillo stated in 2016 that Priests for Life is a civil institution, not a Catholic organization.

Evangelium vitae
Evangelium vitae (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ɛ.vanˈd͡ʒɛː.li.um ˈvi.tɛ]) translated in English as 'The Gospel of Life', is a papal encyclical published on 25 March 1995 (on that year's Feast of the Annunciation) by Pope John Paul II.  It is a comprehensive document setting out the teaching of the Catholic Church on the sanctity of human life and related issues including murder, abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment, reaffirming the Church's stances on these issues in a way generally considered consistent with previous church teachings.