hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geoffrey Daniell
Geoffrey Daniell (born by 1516 – 1558/1561) was an English politician. In 1545, he was the Member of Parliament for Devizes.

Daniell was the second son of Piers Daniell of Budworth, Cheshire, and Margaret, née Savage, a Cheshire heiress. He was a member of the Inner Temple. By 1537, he had married a widow, Margaret, of Chippenham, Wiltshire.

Daniell was surveyor to Queen Anne of Cleves in 1540, and to Queen Katherine Parr by 1545. He was Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire in 1543 and 1554. He was a steward for the uncle of King Edward VI, Thomas Seymour, Baron Seymour of Sudeley, who was executed for treason.

In March 1543, he is recorded as living at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Daniell probably had no surviving children – none were mentioned in any of the wills he made over the years. He died between 9 July 1558 and 4 February 1561.

Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, KG, PC (c. 1508 – 20 March 1549) was a brother of Jane Seymour, the third wife of King Henry VIII. With his brother, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector of England, he vied for control of their nephew, the young King Edward VI (r. 1547–1553). In 1547, Seymour married Catherine Parr, the widow of Henry VIII. During his marriage to Catherine, Seymour involved the future Queen Elizabeth I (then 14 years old), who resided in his household, in flirtatious and possibly sexual behaviour.
Criticism of technology
Criticism of technology is an analysis of adverse impacts of industrial and digital technologies. It is argued that, in all advanced industrial societies (not necessarily only capitalist ones), technology becomes a means of domination, control, and exploitation, or more generally something which threatens the survival of humanity.  Some of the technology opposed by the most radical critics may include everyday household products, such as refrigerators, computers, and medication. However, criticism of technology comes in many shades.

Postdevelopment theory
Postdevelopment theory (also post-development or anti-development or development criticism) is a critique of the concept and practice of modernization and development as promoted by Western political powers in the Third World. Postdevelopment thought arose in the 1990s as a set of criticisms against development projects led by Western nations and legitimized under development theory.

For postdevelopment theorists, "development" is an ideological concept that works to preserve the hegemony of the Global North while increasing the dependency of the Global South. Thus, postdevelopment theory argues for "alternatives to development" or "bottom-up" approaches to development, as determined by the peoples in the Third World.
Priscilla Crabb
Priscilla Crabb JP (née Kennedy; 1 December 1864 – 27 June 1931) was a New Zealand temperance activist and community leader. For over a decade, she was a vice president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand (WCTU NZ), and she was acting president in 1920. She was one of the first women elected to the Palmerston North Hospital Board, and in 1928 she became the first woman in Palmerston North to be appointed a justice of the peace. While president of the local WCTU NZ chapter, she founded in 1917 an orphanage and refuge for mothers, the Willard Home (named after Frances Willard), which continues today on the same site as a rest home for the elderly.

Frances Willard
Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard (September 28, 1839 – February 17, 1898) was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Willard became the national president of Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879 and remained president until her death in 1898. Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth (on Prohibition) and Nineteenth (on women's suffrage) Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted. Willard developed the slogan "Do Everything" for the WCTU and encouraged members to engage in a broad array of social reforms by lobbying, petitioning, preaching, publishing, and education.

Willard's accomplishments include raising the age of consent in many states and passing labor reforms, most notably including the eight-hour work day. She also advocated for prison reform, scientific temperance instruction, Christian socialism, and the global expansion of women's rights.
Cytolysin
Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis. Cytolysins that have a specific action for certain cells are named accordingly. For instance, the cytolysins responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms.

Hemolysin is also used by certain bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, to disrupt the phagosome membrane of macrophages and escape into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Kawachidera temple ruins
The Kawachi-dera ruins (河内寺廃寺跡, Kawachidera Haiji ato), is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Kawachi neighborhood of the city of Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 2008 with the area under protection expanded in 2016.

Asuka period
The Asuka period (飛鳥時代, Asuka jidai; Japanese pronunciation: [a.sɯ̥.ka ((d)ʑiꜜ.dai)]) was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the Asuka region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.

The Asuka period is characterized by its significant artistic, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from Wa (倭) to Nippon (日本).
Ahmed Mukhtar Jaff
Ahmed Mukhtar Jaff (1898–1934) was the son of Osman Pasha Jaff, an Ottoman Kurdish ruler of Mosul Vilayet, and Adela Kahnem AKA Adela Jaff (Lady Adela) . He was one of the most prominent leaders of the Jaf family, as well as a poet and a novelist.

Ahmed Mukhtar Jaf was a member of Iraqi parliament and mayor of Halabja. He was born in the year 1898 in the province of Halabja. He had two sons, Afrasiab Jaf and Ghandi Jaf, as well as three daughters, Shamsa Jaff, Roonak Jaff and Hameeda Jaff.

He was a patriot Kurd who called for Kurdistan's independence and opposed the English occupation. He was only 32 when he was killed by the River Meer or River Sirwan in 1934.

Ottoman Kurds
Ottoman Kurds were ethnic Kurds who lived in the Ottoman Empire. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire ruled North Kurdistan, South Kurdistan, West Kurdistan, and a small part of East Kurdistan. Parts of Greater Kurdistan under Ottoman control are collectively known as Ottoman Kurdistan.
Wymysłów, Gmina Żytno
Wymysłów [vɨˈmɨswuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Żytno, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 95 km (59 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Żytno
Żytno [ˈʐɨtnɔ] is a village in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Żytno. It lies approximately 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Radomsko and 96 km (60 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

It was a private town, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
Kay Moor, West Virginia
Kay Moor, also known as Kaymoor, is the site of an abandoned coal mine, coal-processing plant, and coal town near Fayetteville, West Virginia. The town site is located in the New River Gorge at Kaymoor Bottom (38°03′00″N 81°03′17″W﻿ / ﻿38.05000°N 81.05472°W﻿ / 38.05000; -81.05472﻿ (Kaymoor Bottom)).  It is linked to the mine portal 560 feet (170 m) above on Sewell Bench (38°02′52″N 81°03′58″W﻿ / ﻿38.04778°N 81.06611°W﻿ / 38.04778; -81.06611﻿ (Kaymoor Mine)) in the wall of the Gorge by conveyors.

The mine exploited the New River Coalfield's Sewell Seam of "smokeless" low-volatile bituminous coal, while the town site was accessible only by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's mainline in the gorge.  The last portion of the Kay Moor complex, Kaymoor Top (38°02′48″N 81°04′09″W﻿ / ﻿38.04667°N 81.06917°W﻿ / 38.04667; -81.06917﻿ (Kaymoor Top)) was located at the gorge rim and served as the terminus for the mountain haulage.

Fayetteville, West Virginia
Fayetteville is a town in and the county seat of Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,887 at the 2020 census.

Fayetteville lies adjacent to the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve and is directly south of the New River Gorge Bridge. Fayetteville was listed as one of the 2006 "Top 10 Coolest Small Towns in America" by Budget Travel Magazine, and as "Best River Town 2013" by Blue Ridge Outdoors magazine.
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps
Formula Renault 2.0 Alps was a category of Formula Renault open-wheel racing, created by the merging of the Formula Renault 2.0 Middle European Championship (formerly known as Formula Renault 2.0 Switzerland) and Formula Renault 2.0 Italia.

Italian Formula Renault Championship
Formula Renault 2.0 Italia was a Formula Renault 2.0 racing series that is based in Italy.  The series raced mostly on Italian races but it had regular races at Belgium's Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps and in Spain.

Several Formula One drivers raced in this series, including Felipe Massa, Kamui Kobayashi, Robert Kubica and Pastor Maldonado.
Sport compact
Sport compact is a United States marketing classification for a high-performance version of a compact or a subcompact car. There is no precise definition, and the description is applied to various models for promotional purposes.

Cars began to be marketed as sport compacts in the mid-1980s to describe the option packages on American-built coupes. Since then, it has also been used for standalone sports car models and cars imported from Europe and Asia.

The European equivalent is a hot hatch. However, sport compacts are not limited to hatchback body styles.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Zuid-Waddinxveen
Zuid-Waddinxveen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It covered the southern half of the village Waddinxveen.

The municipality existed between 1817 and 1870, when it merged with Noord-Waddinxveen.

Waddinxveen
Waddinxveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʋɑdɪŋksˈfeːn] ⓘ) is a town and municipality along the Gouwe river in the western Netherlands in the province of South Holland near Gouda. The municipality had a population of 30,479 in 2021 and covers an area of 29.40 km2 (11.35 sq mi) of which 1.63 km2 (0.63 sq mi) is water.

A small piece of artwork named De Vergeten Plek (Dutch for 'The Forgotten Place') marks the lowest point on the Dutch polders, 7.01 meters below Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Liquidation in Ireland
Liquidation is the process by which companies are wound-up, bringing their life to an end. The liquidator is the person appointed to supervise and implement the company's winding up.

The liquidation process in Ireland is governed by the Companies Act 2014 (as amended), which came into operation in June 2015 and made significant changes to the way liquidations are supervised and who can be appointed as liquidator.

The Companies Acts provide for three different types of liquidation, details of which are below:

Liquidator (law)
In law, a liquidator is the officer appointed when a company goes into winding-up or liquidation who has responsibility for collecting in all of the assets under such circumstances of the company and settling all claims against the company before putting the company into dissolution. Liquidator is a person officially appointed to 'liquidate' a company or firm. Their duty is to ascertain and settle the liabilities of a company or a firm. If there are any surplus, then those are distributed to the contributories.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1949–1952
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1949 and 1952 were indirectly elected by a joint sitting of the New South Wales Parliament, with 15 members elected every three years. The most recent election was on 31 March 1949, with the term of new members commencing on 23 April 1949. The President was Ernest Farrar.

This election gave Labor a majority in the Legislative Council, its first since the re-constitution of the council in 1934, giving it a majority in both houses of parliament. The Labor Party expelled four members of the Legislative Assembly before the 1950 election - James Geraghty (North Sydney), John Seiffert (Monaro), Roy Heferen (Barwon) and Fred Stanley (Lakemba) for not following the party's endorsed ticket in the Legislative Council election, apparently voting for  Bill McNamara who was 9th on the Labor ticket.

John Seiffert
John Wesley Seiffert (9 September 1905 – 10 January 1965) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from  1941 until his death in 1965. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP), but stood at an Independent Labor candidate at the 1950 state election.
1986 Aloha Bowl
The 1986 Aloha Bowl was a college football bowl game, played as part of the 1985–86 bowl game schedule of the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the 5th Aloha Bowl.  It was played on December 27, 1986, at Aloha Stadium in Halawa, Hawaii. The game matched the Arizona Wildcats of the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) against the North Carolina Tar Heels of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

Aloha Bowl
The Aloha Bowl was a college football bowl game played in Honolulu, Hawaii, at Aloha Stadium. Certified by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the game featured teams from Division I-A (later known as the Football Bowl Subdivision).
Džejla Glavović
Džejla Glavović (Bosnian: Џејла Главовић) is a Bosnian fashion model and beauty queen. She was crowned in the Philippines as the second Miss Earth representing her country Bosnia and Herzegovina and became the first Bosnian woman to win a major international title in beauty contest.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
2012 Keio Challenger
The 2012 Keio Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Yokohama, Japan between 12 and 18 November 2012.

2012 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and a total of 148 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000.
St. Andrew High School (Detroit)
St. Andrew High School was a coeducational Catholic high school located at Cecil and McGraw streets in Detroit, Michigan, United States and belonged to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit.  The school was run by the Felician Sisters.

St. Andrew was a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association and competed athletically in the Catholic High School League.

St. Andrew High School closed in 1983.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Robert Sutton (Irish judge)
Robert Sutton (c. 1340 – 1430) was an Irish judge and Crown official. During a career which lasted almost 60 years he served the English Crown in a variety of offices, notably as Deputy to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, and Deputy Treasurer of Ireland. A warrant dated 1423 praised him for his "long and laudable" service to the Crown.

Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
The Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer was the Baron (judge) who presided over the Irish Court of Exchequer. This was a mirror of the equivalent court in England, and was one of the four courts which sat in the building in Dublin which is still called The Four Courts.

The title Chief Baron was first used in 1309 by Walter de Islip. In the early centuries of its existence, it was a political as well as a judicial office, and as late as 1442 the Lord Treasurer of Ireland thought it necessary to recommend that the Chief Baron should always be a properly trained lawyer (which Michael Gryffin, the Chief Baron at the time, was not). There are two cryptic references in the Patent Rolls, for 1386 and 1390, to the Liberty of Ulster having its own Chief Baron.

The last Chief Baron, The Rt Hon. Christopher Palles, continued to hold the title after the Court was merged into a new High Court of Justice in Ireland in 1878, until his retirement in 1916, when the office lapsed.
Parornix inusitatumella
Parornix inusitatumella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island in Canada, and from Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Massachusetts, and Maine in the United States.

The larvae are leaf miners of Crataegus mollis and Crataegus calpodendron; the mine is a large, white or yellowish-white blotch, speckled throughout with frass.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
First Battle of the Stronghold
The First Battle of the Stronghold (January 17, 1873) was the second battle in the Modoc War of 1872–1873. The battle was fought between the United States Army under Lieutenant Colonel Frank Wheaton and a band of the Native American Modoc tribe from Oregon and California, led by Captain Jack (Kintpuash in Modoc).

The US Army forces tried to dislodge the Modoc from the natural fortress, now called Captain Jack's Stronghold, in the lava beds along the south shore of Tule Lake in northeastern California. They had illegally left the Klamath Reservation in Oregon, to which they had been relocated from their territory in order to enable European Americans to settle in the area. The Modoc soundly defeated the Army, inflicting numerous casualties and forcing it to retreat. Factors aiding the Modoc included their excellent defensive position, steady patience, and a thick fog that obscured portions of the battlefield.

Modoc people
The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.
Drummoyne ferry wharf
Drummoyne ferry wharf (also known as Wolseley Street ferry wharf) is located on the southern side of the Parramatta River serving the Sydney suburb of Drummoyne. It served by Sydney Ferries Parramatta River services operating between Circular Quay and Parramatta. The single wharf is served by RiverCat, River, Parramatta River class ferries.

Circular Quay ferry wharf
Circular Quay ferry wharf is a complex of wharves at Circular Quay, on Sydney Cove, that serves as the hub for the Sydney Harbour ferry network.

It is adjacent to Circular Quay railway station, which serves as an interchange for Sydney Trains services.
Warren Shibles
Warren A. Shibles was an American philosopher, historian and professor. His B.A. is from the University of Connecticut and his M.A. from the University of Colorado. He was head of the department of philosophy of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. He is the author of numerous articles in history and philosophy and of many books, including children's books in philosophy and ethics. A number of his books have been translated into German, Finnish and Spanish languages.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.