hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juan Álvarez de Lorenzana, 10th Viscount of Barrantes
Don Juan Álvarez de Lorenzana y Guerrero, 10th Viscount of Barrantes (29 August 1818, in Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain – 15 July 1883, in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish noble, politician and journalist who served as Minister of State from 1868 to 1869, in a cabinet headed by Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre.

In his early political career, Lorenzana was member of the Moderate Party, but then he moved to the Liberal Union and was involved in the Spanish Glorious Revolution of 1868, which deposed Queen Isabella II and opened a period known as The Democratic Sexenium. It was in one of the cabinets for this period when Lorenzana was appointed Minister of State.

In 1874, he was appointed Ambassador of Spain to the Holy See, and after the restoration of King Alfonso XII, held other offices such as Councillor of State, Senator and Deputy, and was awarded with the Grand Crosses of the Orders of Charles III and Isabella the Catholic.

Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre
Francisco Serrano Domínguez, 1st Duke of la Torre, Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio (17 December 1810 – 25 November 1885) was a Spanish marshal and statesman. He was Prime Minister of Spain in 1868–69 and regent in 1869–70.
Erick Castillo (baseball)
Erick José Castillo (born February 25, 1993) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball catcher. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs. He has served as a bullpen catcher for the Cubs since 2024.

Bullpen catcher
The bullpen catcher is a member of a baseball team's staff, often a former professional player, who catches the ball for relief pitchers warming up before entering a game and starting pitchers before games. A bullpen catcher differentiates from a typical catcher as they are considered a coach and not a player, thus they cannot be behind home plate in an official game.
Metamaterial cloaking
Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly  invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation. Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself.

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
Gemütlose psychopathy
Gemütlose psychopathy was one of the initial seven forms of psychopathy identified by Emil Kraepelin and later psychiatrists. It was of particular interest to forensic psychiatrists and criminologists as it and haltlose personality disorder were considered the only two psychopathies that "had high levels of criminal behavior" without external influence, and thus made up the minority of psychopaths who are "virtually doomed to commit crimes" by virtue only of their own constitution.

They were described by Kurt Schneider as essentially lacking honor, pity, shame, remorse or conscience.

It is not a term in regular use today, but was used to describe what is today known as antisocial personality disorder.

Forensic psychiatry
Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory, or legislative matters, and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment". A forensic psychiatrist provides services—such as assessing competency to stand trial—to a court to help with the legal process and provides treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, to offenders.
1629 Banda Sea earthquake
The 1629 Banda Sea earthquake struck the Banda Sea, Indonesia on August 1. Its epicentre is believed to have been in the Seram Trough. A megathrust earthquake caused a 15 m (49 ft) tsunami, which was recorded to have affected the Banda Islands about 30 minutes after the quake. The effects of the tsunami were reported as far as 230 kilometres (140 mi) away in Ambon. Many trees in the Banda Islands were reported to have been uprooted.

Banda Islands
The Banda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small islands in the Banda Sea, about 140 km (87 mi) south of Seram Island and about 2,000 km (1,243 mi) east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku. The islands rise out of 4-to-6-kilometre (2.5 to 3.7 mi) deep ocean and have a total land area of approximately 172 square kilometres (66 sq mi); with associated maritime area this reaches 736.3 square kilometres (284.3 sq mi). They had a population of 18,544 at the 2010 Census and 20,924 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 21,902. Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree. The islands are also popular destinations for scuba diving and snorkeling. The main town and administrative centre is Banda Neira, located on the island of the same name.
Lee Stocking Island
Lee Stocking Island is an island in the Bahamas, located in the district of Exuma.

The island was host to a marine research facility from 1984 to 2012, which was connected to NOAA. Stromatolites are found offshore of the island.

A map of 1823 shows it was actually named, “Leeward Stocking Island”. In the days before Google Earth, map makers drew it as a stocking. Upwind towards the predominant South East Tradewinds was “Windward Stocking”. Later in 1898, the name was noted as “Leonard Stocking Island”.

Exuma
Exuma is a district of The Bahamas, consisting of over 365 islands and cays.

The largest of the islands is Great Exuma, which is 37 mi (60 km) in length and joined to another island, Little Exuma, by a small bridge. The capital and largest town in the district is George Town (population 1,437). It was founded 1793 and located on Great Exuma. Near the town, but on Little Exuma, the Tropic of Cancer runs across Pelican Beach lending it another name: Tropic of Cancer Beach. Its white sand and turquoise waters make it a world-famous destination. The entire island chain is 130 mi (209 km) long and 72 sq mi (187 km²) in area. Great Exuma island has an area of 61 sq mi (158 km²) while Little Exuma has an area of 11 sq mi (29 km²).

Between 2000 and 2010, the population of Exuma more than doubled, reflecting the construction of large and small resort properties and the related direct air traffic to Great Exuma from locations as distant as Toronto, Canada. The population in 2010 was 6,928.
Collagenase
Collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in collagen.  They assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium.  They are considered a virulence factor, facilitating the spread of gas gangrene.  They normally target the connective tissue in muscle cells and other body organs.

Collagen, a key component of the animal extracellular matrix, is made through cleavage of pro-collagen by collagenase once it has been secreted from the cell.  This stops large structures from forming inside the cell itself.

In addition to being produced by some bacteria, collagenase can be made by the body as part of its normal immune response.  This production is induced by cytokines, which stimulate cells such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and can cause indirect tissue damage.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women
The 2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women was the eighth edition of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. It was held in Gdynia, Poland, from 9 to 19 July 2009. France women's national under-20 basketball team won the tournament and became the European champions for the second time.

FIBA U20 Women's EuroBasket
The FIBA U20 Women's EuroBasket is the new name for the FIBA U20 Women's European Championship, originally known as the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women. It is a women's youth basketball competition that was inaugurated with the 2000 edition. Until 2004 it was held biannually, but from 2005 onwards it is held every year. The current champions are Spain.
Embodied embedded cognition
Embodied embedded cognition (EEC) is a philosophical theoretical position in cognitive science, closely related to situated cognition, embodied cognition, embodied cognitive science and dynamical systems theory. The theory states that intelligent behaviour emerges from the interplay between brain, body and world. The world is not just the 'play-ground' on which the brain is acting. Rather, brain, body and world are equally important factors in the explanation of how particular intelligent behaviours come about in practice.

Situated cognition
Situated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts.

Situativity theorists suggest a model of knowledge and learning that requires thinking on the fly rather than the storage and retrieval of conceptual knowledge. In essence, cognition cannot be separated from the context. Instead, knowing exists in situ, inseparable from context, activity, people, culture, and language. Therefore, learning is seen in terms of an individual's increasingly effective performance across situations rather than in terms of an accumulation of knowledge, since what is known is co-determined by the agent and the context.
Gairwah
Gairwah is a village of multiple sub village's (Purwa) [Shahapur, Badakapura, Hatiya, Dadwa, Hannawal, Paschim ka purwa, Rakba, Manpur, Najaunpur, Sonwa, Harnawal] in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
The Gairwah is in a rural part of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Gairwah extends from north east India Uttar Pradesh at the border of Sultanpur.
According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Gairwah village is 200097. Gairwah village is located in Shahganj tehsil of Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India

Jaunpur district
Jaunpur district is a district in the Varanasi Division of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The district headquarters is the city of Jaunpur which is situated on the banks of the Gomti River.  It is located 228 km southeast of the state capital Lucknow. 65 km northwest of Varanasi and 732 km southeast of New Delhi. The district has two Lok Sabha seats and nine Vidhan Sabha seats. According to the 2011 census, Jaunpur has a gender ratio of 1,018 females to 1,000 males, the highest in Uttar Pradesh. The most commonly spoken language in the district is Hindi.
Yoder, Oregon
Yoder is an unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. The name "Yoder" comes from the Mennonites who settled in the area. The community is best known as a filming location for Nowhere Man.

Yoder is located on South Kropf Road, just north of South Schneider Road and about one mile south of Highway 211, where Kropf Road and 211 form Hamrick's Corner.  Canby is to the north and Marquam is to the south.

The Yoder Mill, a sawmill built in 1889, has been burned down and rebuilt a total of three times.  The Yoder Store, an old-style general store, was built in 1914.

The Yoder School was a small, wooden school that was built in 1923 and used until 1963. The building still stands. South Clackamas Community Church has met at the old Yoder School since the mid-1990s and even ran a private Christian School at the location for a few years.

The former Willamette Valley Southern Railway ran through Yoder, linking Oregon City and Mt. Angel.

Oregon City, Oregon
Oregon City is a city in and the county seat of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, located on the Willamette River near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 37,572. Established in 1829 by the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1844, it became the first U.S. city west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated.
Al-Qamamin
Qamamine is a village in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. It is located at an altitude of 800 meters above sea level and includes a guesthouse the surrounding natural area. The area is mountainous and popular for trekking. The Qabeit al-Qamamin bridge is in the area and connects to the village of Qabeit.

Qabeit
Qabeit, also Qabaait or Kabiit (Arabic: قبعيت), is a village in the Akkar District of Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. The village is situated in the Akkar highlands, and its population is predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Iron Age Greek migrations
The Iron Age Greek migrations occurred from the middle of the 11th century to the end of the 9th century BCE (the Greek Dark Ages). The movements resulted in the settlement of the Aegean islands, Cyprus, Crete, and the western coast of Asia Minor. New cities were founded which afterwards became centers of Greek civilization. Tribal groups migrated in consecutive waves known as the Aeolic, Ionian, Doric, and Achaean (Arcadian) migrations.

Compared to the Greek colonisations of the Archaic period, the Iron Age Migrations were more ad hoc affairs, rather than being a planned settlement organised by a mother city. They are also less well-documented historically. In folk histories, they are often said to have been led by legendary leaders, such as Hercules or Orestes.

Hercules
Hercules (/ˈhɜːrkjʊˌliːz/, US: /-kjə-/) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures.

The Romans adapted the Greek hero's iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name Hercules. In later Western art and literature and in popular culture, Hercules is more commonly used than Heracles as the name of the hero. Hercules is a multifaceted figure with contradictory characteristics, which enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him.
Iran–Turkmenistan border
The Iran–Turkmenistan border is the national border separating the countries of Iran and Turkmenistan. It is 1,148 km (713 miles) in length and runs from the Caspian Sea to the tripoint with Afghanistan. The Turkmen capital Ashgabat is only 15 miles north of this boundary, and Mashhad (Iran's second largest city) is 47 miles south of it.

Atrek
The Atrek (Persian: اترک, Kurdish: Etrek, Turkmen: Etrek), also known as the Attrack, Atrak, and Etrek, is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of north-eastern Iran (37°10′N 59°00′E﻿ / ﻿37.167°N 59.000°E﻿ / 37.167; 59.000) and flows 563 kilometres (350 mi) westward, draining into the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. Because of the high use of its waters for irrigation, the Atrek only flows into the Caspian when it is in its flood stage.
Partnership minyan
Partnership minyan (pl. partnership minyanim) is a religious Jewish prayer group that seeks to maximize women's participation in services within the confines of Jewish law as understood by Orthodox Judaism. This includes enabling women to lead parts of service, read from the Torah, serve in lay leadership positions, sit in a more gender-balanced format, and in some cases count as part of a minyan ("quorum") of ten men and ten women. Partnership minyanim began in 2002 simultaneously in New York and Jerusalem, and have now spread to over 30 communities in at least five countries around the world.

Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic university institution. It has 20,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.

Bar-Ilan's mission is to "blend Jewish tradition with modern technologies and scholarship and the university endeavors to ... teach the Jewish heritage to all its students while providing [an] academic education." The university is among the best in the Middle East in the fields of computer science, engineering, engineering physics and applied physics. In 2024, the university was donated $260 million, one of the biggest donations to a university in Israeli history, for investment in science. The donor wished to remain anonymous.
Jay Bradley
Bradley Thomas Jay (born November 17, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, best known for his time in Impact  Wrestling  under the ring names of Jay Bradley and Aiden O'Shea, and WWE  as Ryan Braddock.

IWA Mid-South
Independent Wrestling Association (IWA) Mid-South (also known as IWA Mid-South, IWA-MS, and IWA Mid South Wrestling) was an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in New Albany, Indiana. It was formed by Ian Rotten in 1996.
Knock-down kit
A knock-down kit (also knockdown kit, knocked-down kit, or simply knockdown or KD) is a collection of parts required to assemble a product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, and then exported to another country or region for final assembly. CBU, on the other hand, stands for "Completely Built Up" and signifies import of a finished product.

Export
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

Exportation of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities.
Stanko Poklepović
Stanko "Špaco" Poklepović (19 April 1938 – 24 December 2018) was a Croatian professional football player and manager.

Poklepović managed a number of teams over 46 years, including Hajduk Split on four occasions. He was also the first manager to win the Croatian First Football League with Hajduk Split, in its inaugural season, in 1992.

1998–99 Croatian Football Cup
The 1998–99 Croatian Football Cup was the eighth edition of Croatia's football knockout competition. Croatia Zagreb were the defending champions, and it was won by Osijek. This was the first season when a preliminary round was played, with top-level clubs entering the competition in the first round proper.
Lagenophora huegelii
Lagenophora huegelii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae which is endemic to Western Australia. It was formerly considered to also grow in eastern Australia and Tasmania, though these populations are considered a separate species: Lagenophora gunniana.

It was first described in 1837 by George Bentham from specimens described as being collected by Baron Carl von Hügel and coming from the Swan River and King Georges Sound.

Lagenophora gunniana
Lagenophora gunniana, the coarse bottle-daisy, is a small flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern Australia mainland and Tasmania. The species was first formally named by Joachim Steetz in 1845.

In Victoria, it grows on plains and low hills.
The Mauritius Command
The Mauritius Command is the fourth naval historical novel in the Aubrey-Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1977.

Aubrey is married and the father of twin girls, owner of a cottage with a fine observatory he built. He is more than ready to be back at sea. He and Stephen Maturin join a convoy charged with taking two strategic islands in the Indian Ocean from the French. The mission provides scope for each man to advance in his specialty.

A review written at first publication found the novel to be written in "language deep with detail and the poetry of fact", appreciating the period detail. A later review, written at the reissue, finds the author a graceful writer but sees a difficulty with the novel's structure, building to climaxes that do not occur. Others writing at that time saw the novel more as part of the longer series, with humour, erudition and "impeccable period detail".

Sir Albemarle Bertie, 1st Baronet
Admiral Sir Albemarle Bertie, 1st Baronet, KCB (20 January 1755 – 24 February 1824) was a long-serving and at the time controversial officer of the Royal Navy who saw extensive service in his career, but also courted controversy with several of his actions.

Bertie won recognition for unsuccessfully defending his ship against superior odds in the American Revolutionary War. He was later criticised however for failing to close with the enemy at the Glorious First of June and later superseding a subordinate officer just days before the capture of the French island of Mauritius and taking credit for the victory. Despite these controversies, Bertie was rewarded for his service with a baronetcy and the Order of the Bath, retiring in 1813 to his country estate at Donnington, Berkshire.
Country codes of Serbia
Country codes of Serbia are short alphanumeric identification codes with primary use in data processing and communications.

As Serbia and Montenegro dissolved in 2006, Serbia restored its independence and dealt with the issue of assignment of country codes.

Country code
A country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. Its primary use is in data processing and communications. Several identification systems have been developed.

The term country code frequently refers to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, as well as the telephone country code, which is embodied in the E.164 recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Environmental Archaeology
Environmental Archaeology is an academic journal published by Maney Publishing on behalf of the Association for Environmental Archaeology.

The journal was established in 1996. It is edited by Dr. Tim Mighall of the University of Aberdeen.

Maney Publishing
Maney Publishing was an independent academic publishing company that was taken over by Taylor & Francis in 2015. Maney Publishing specialised in peer-reviewed academic journals in materials science and engineering, the humanities, and health science. Maney published extensively for learned societies, universities, and professional bodies.

As of 2014, Maney published over 150 journals. The company offered an open access option (MORE OpenChoice) to all authors. The company had offices in Leeds and London in the United Kingdom, and in Boston and Philadelphia in the United States.