hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colchester Martyrs
The Colchester Martyrs were 16th-century English Protestant martyrs. They were executed for heresy in Colchester, Essex, during the reigns of Henry VIII and Mary I. Their story is recorded in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.

Foxe's Book of Martyrs
The Actes and Monuments (full title: Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church), popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by Protestant English historian John Foxe, first published in 1563 by John Day.

It includes a polemical account of the sufferings of Protestants under the Catholic Church, with particular emphasis on England and Scotland. The book was highly influential in those countries and helped shape lasting popular notions of Catholicism there.

The book went through four editions in Foxe's lifetime and a number of later editions and abridgements, including some that specifically reduced the text to a Book of Martyrs.
Telesonix
Telesonix is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Saxifragaceae. Its name derives from the Greek teleos, complete or perfect, and onyx, claw, in reference to the shape of its petals.

Its native range is Alberta in west-central Canada to Colorado, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming in the west-central United States.

Species:

Telesonix heucheriformis (Rydb.) Rydb.

Telesonix jamesii (Torr.) Raf.

Telesonix jamesii
Telesonix jamesii is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family native to the Rocky Mountains of North American. Common names include James' false saxifrage, James's saxifrage, or James' telesonix. It is a rare species, endemic to rocky, high elevation habitats with granitic substrates in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and possibly New Mexico and Wyoming. It is closely related to Telesonix heucheriformis, which has at times been considered a variety of Telesonix jamesii.
Italian United Provinces
United Italian Provinces or Italian United Provinces (Italian: Provincie Unite Italiane, in modern Italian: Province Unite Italiane) was a short-lived unrecognized state (a Republic) that was established in 1831 in some territories of the Papal States (Romagna, Marche and Umbria) and in the Duchies of Parma and Modena.

It existed from 5 February (following the popular uprising in Bologna, when the temporal power of the Pope and the Emilian Dukes were declared to be revoked) until 26 April, the day the city of Ancona was taken by the Austrian troops.

Emilia (region)
Emilia (Emilian: Emeja / Emégglia / Emélia) is a historical region of northern Italy, which approximately corresponds to the western and the north-eastern portions of the modern region of Emilia-Romagna, with the area of Romagna forming the remainder of the modern region.
Gideon Kailipalaki Laʻanui
Gideon Kailipalaki-o-Kinaʻu Keheananui Laʻanui (1840–1871) was a  great grandnephew of Kamehameha the Great, being a great grandson of Kalokuokamaile, the eldest brother of Kamehameha the Great. He was a member of the royal House of Laʻanui, a collateral branch of the House of Kamehameha.

House of Kamehameha
The House of Kamehameha (Hale O Kamehameha), or the Kamehameha dynasty, was the reigning royal family of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha I in 1795 and ending with the death of Kamehameha V in 1872 and Lunalilo in 1874. The kingdom continued for another 21 years, until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalakaua.
Censorship of Publications Board (Ireland)
The Censorship of Publications Board is a formally independent but government-appointed board established by the Censorship of Publications Act 1929 to examine books and periodicals that are for sale in Ireland. It is governed by the Censorship of Publications Acts of 1929, 1946 and 1967. The Board has the authority to prohibit any book or periodical that they find to be obscene. This makes it illegal to buy, sell or distribute that publication in Ireland. The Board prohibited a large number of publications in the past, including books by respected authors. However, since the 1990s it has not prohibited publications very often.

Frank O'Connor
Frank O'Connor (born Michael Francis O'Donovan; 17 September 1903 – 10 March 1966) was an Irish author and translator. He wrote poetry (original and translations from Irish), dramatic works, memoirs, journalistic columns and features on aspects of Irish culture and history, criticism, long and short fiction (novels and short stories), biography, and travel books. He is most widely known for his more than 150 short stories and for his memoirs. The Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award was named in his honour, as is the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Fellowship.
2011–12 Caribbean Twenty20
The 2011–12 Caribbean Twenty20 was the third season of the Caribbean Twenty20, a domestic T20 tournament administered by the West Indies Cricket Board. The opening match was held on 9 January 2012, and the final was played at Kensington Oval, Barbados on 22 January 2012. The national teams of Canada and Netherlands in addition to Sussex participated as the overseas teams. There were ten teams as it was in the 2010–11 tournament.

Trinidad and Tobago won the tournament and, as the best performing domestic team, qualified for the 2012 Champions League Twenty20 (qualifying stage).

Caribbean Twenty20
The Caribbean Twenty20 was an annual tournament Twenty20 cricket tournament in the West Indies that was held four times from 2010 to 2013. The top performing domestic team qualified for the Champions League Twenty20 tournament. It was replaced by the Caribbean Premier League, whose first season began in July 2013.
Antoinette Hatfield Hall
Antoinette Hatfield Hall, formerly known as the New Theatre Building, is a 127,000-square-foot (11,800 m2) complex located in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It is one of three buildings in the Portland'5 Centers for the Arts (formerly known as PCPA), which also includes Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall and Keller Auditorium. Hatfield Hall contains the Dolores Winningstad Theatre, Newmark Theatre, and Brunish Theatre (formerly Brunish Hall). It was dedicated in honor of Antoinette Hatfield, the former First Lady of Oregon from 1959 to 1967 and the wife of former U.S. Senator and Oregon governor Mark Hatfield.

Keller Auditorium
Keller Auditorium, formerly known as the Portland Municipal Auditorium, the Portland Public Auditorium, and the Portland Civic Auditorium, is a performing arts center located on Clay Street in Downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Portland's Centers for the Arts. Opened in 1917, the venue first changed names in 1966, being renamed again in 2000 in honor of a $1.5 million renovation donation by Richard B. Keller. An extensive remodeling and modernization in 1967–68 effectively changed its original exterior appearance beyond recognition.

Originally holding 4,500 people, the venue now has a capacity of 3,034.

The Keller Auditorium is the home of many performances of the Portland Opera and the Oregon Ballet Theatre.  It was the longtime home of the Portland Symphony Orchestra (now the Oregon Symphony), from 1917 to 1984.  It also housed the Oregon Historical Society and its museum from 1917 to 1965.
Hohe Loog (Haardt)
The Hohe Loog, is a mountain, 619 m above sea level (NN), in the Haardt, the eastern rim of the Palatine Forest in Germany. The mountain lies within the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the southern part of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Hambach Castle
Hambach Castle (German: Hambacher Schloss) is a castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is considered a symbol of the German democracy movement because of the Hambacher Fest which was held there in 1832.
2018 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon on 6 May 2018. Although originally scheduled for 2013, the election was postponed three times in 2013, 2014 and 2017 for various reasons, including the security situation, the failure of the Parliament to elect a new President, and the technical requirements of holding an election. A new electoral law adopted in 2017 provides a proportional representation system for the first time.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
1880 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1880 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Kansas voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 30.68 points.

With 60.40 percent of the popular vote, Kansas would be Garfield's fifth strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after Vermont, Nebraska, Minnesota and Rhode Island. The state would also prove to be Weaver's fourth strongest state after Texas, Iowa, and Michigan.

1880 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1880 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Iowa voted for the Republican nominee, James A. Garfield, over the Democratic nominee, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield won the state by a margin of 24.19%.

With 10.02% of the popular vote, Iowa would prove to be Greenback Party candidate James B. Weaver's second strongest state after Texas.
Kolsvatnet
Kolsvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Valle in Agder county, Norway.  It is located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of the village of Valle and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the village of Rysstad.  The lake is located south of the lake Botnsvatnet, east of the mountain Urddalsknuten, and northeast of the lake Rosskreppfjorden.  The lake has an area of 2.72 square kilometres (1.05 sq mi) and sits at an elevation of 1,034 metres (3,392 ft) above sea level.

Valle (village)
Valle (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈvɑ̂ɫːə] ⓘ) is the administrative centre of Valle municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Setesdal valley, along the river Otra. The village lies along the Norwegian National Road 9, about 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of the city of Kristiansand. The 0.38-square-kilometre (94-acre) village has a population (2016) of 289 which gives the village a population density of 761 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,970/sq mi).

The village has municipal offices, schools, Valle Church, stores, a bank, hotels, and camping facilities. The local high school specializes in silversmith and goldsmith training as part of the Setesdal Upper Secondary School. This leads students from all over Norway and internationally to come to Valle to train to become jewelers.
Mount Niles
Mount Niles is a 2,967-metre (9,734-foot) summit located in the Waputik Range of Yoho National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. The nearest higher peak is Mount Daly, 1.63 km (1.01 mi) to the immediate northeast. Takakkaw Falls is situated four km to the west, the Waputik Icefield lies to the north, and Sherbrooke Lake lies to the south. Precipitation runoff from Mount Niles drains into the Yoho River and Niles Creek, both tributaries of the Kicking Horse River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) above Yoho Valley in four kilometers (2.5 mile).

Waputik Range
The Waputik Range lies west of the upper Bow Valley, east of Bath Creek, and south of Balfour Creek in the Canadian Rockies. "Waputik" means "white goat" in Stoney.  The range was named in 1884 by George Mercer Dawson of the Geological Survey of Canada. The President Range lies within the Waputik Range.

The Waputik Range should not be confused with the much larger Waputik Mountains which encompasses this range and other peaks along the Continental Divide in Yoho National Park.
Verdea (grape)
Verdea is a white Italian wine grape variety that originated in Tuscany but is today mainly grown in the Lombardy wine region of northern Italy. The grape is sometimes confused with the white Verdeca grape of the Apulia region and the French wine grape Verdesse from Savoy due to similarities in their names and synonyms. Verdea can be used to make a wide variety of wines, ranging from the late harvested Vin Santo to dry sparkling wines.

Verdeca
Verdeca is a white Italian wine grape variety that is primarily grown in Apulia in southern Italy where ampelographers believe that the grape may have originated. In Apulia, it is one of the main grapes in the  Denominazione di origine controllata wines of Locorotondo DOC and Martina Franca DOC along with Bianco d'Alessano. In Campania, it is grown on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius where it is used as a blending variety with Falanghina, Coda di volpe and Greco in both the white wines and the sweet dessert wine of the region, Lacryma Christi. It is also a minor component used in the some vermouth production.
Eugene Hecht
Eugene Hecht (born 2 December 1938 in New York City) is an American physicist and author of a standard textbook in optics.

Hecht studied at New York University (B.S. in E.P. 1960), Rutgers University (M. Sc. 1963), Adelphi University (Ph.D. 1967). During his graduate study he worked at Radio Corporation of America. His pedagogical work began in 1970 with a publication on a mathematical description of polarization. Adelphi University hired Hecht to teach and he became professor in 1978, from where he retired in 2021.

Hecht challenged the notion of potential energy in 2003. The elusive nature of a universal definition of energy was argued by Hecht in a letter to the editor of The Physics Teacher in 2004. In 2006 he wrote "there is no really good definition of mass." He has continued writing on the topic, with publications in 2011 and 2016.

Eugene Hecht has also written on American ceramic artist George E. Ohr and is a founding member of the American Ceramic Arts Society.

Adelphi University
Adelphi University is a private university in Garden City, New York, United States. Adelphi also has centers in Downtown Brooklyn, Hudson Valley, and Suffolk County in addition to a virtual, online campus for remote students. As of 2019, it had about 7,859 undergraduate and graduate students.
Harambee Park
Harambee Park is a park located in Dorchester and Mattapan, Boston. Originally known as Franklin Field, it was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in order to give Bostonians a place to play sports, as well as prevent them from doing it at nearby Franklin Park. During its operation, it has hosted baseball, cricket, and a speedway. Today, the park operates as Harambee Park, and part of the grounds have been turned into a housing project.

Franklin Park (Boston)
Franklin Park, a partially wooded 527-acre (2.13 km2) parkland bordered by the Jamaica Plain, Roxbury, and Dorchester neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts, is maintained by the City of Boston Parks and Recreation Department. It is Boston's biggest park and the site of the Franklin Park Zoo. It was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in August 1980.
Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan
Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan (S.M.P) (Urdu: سپاہ محمد پاکستان; Arabic: جنود محمد; English: Soldiers of Muhammad) is a Shia Pakistani organization and former political party in turned vigilante assassin network and militant organization.

It has claimed credit for a series of target killings of the leaders of Anti-Shia groups Sipah-e-Sahaba and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi.

It was founded by Pakistani Shia cleric Allama Syed Mureed Abbas Yazdani in 1993 to counter the anti-Shia violence in Pakistan and was headquartered in Thokar Niaz Beg, Lahore.

Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)
The Counter Terrorism Department (Urdu: محکمہ انسداد دہشت گردی, romanized: Mahkamah Ansadad Dahsht Gardi; CTD) are anti-terrorism, and intelligence bureaus of the provincial police services of Pakistan.

The CTDs are operational in all four provinces of Pakistan under the respective provincial Home Ministry. While Islamabad Police, Gilgit-Baltistan Police, Azad Kashmir Police also have their own CTD bureaus.

In Karachi, CTD teams have gathered intelligence to take action against organized crime, and, alongside the FIA and the IB, have infiltrated terrorist cells to track down TTP, Islamic State, al-Qaeda and other terror and separatist groups' operatives.
Nuoliang Township
Nuoliang Township (Chinese: 糯良乡) is a rural township in Cangyuan Va Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 14,665 and an area of 140.352-square-kilometre (54.190 sq mi). The township shares a border with Mengjiao Township to the west, Menglai Township to the northwest, Danjia Township to southeast, Mengsheng Town to the northeast, and Mengdong Town to the southwest.

Mengdong
Mengdong(Chinese: 勐董; Va: Meng Doung / Gaeng Dum) is a town of Cangyuan Va Autonomous County and the government seat of the county. Guangyun Temple was built in 1828, which is one of the major historical and cultural sites of China. Mengdong is also a land port of China which connects to Wa State of Myanmar.
Górsko, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Górsko (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡurskɔ]; formerly German: Görshagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Postomino, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Postomino, 19 km (12 mi) north of Sławno, and 185 km (115 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Postomino
Postomino (Polish pronunciation: [pɔstɔˈminɔ]; German: Pustamin) is a village in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Postomino. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Sławno and 184 km (114 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 625.
Jeevana Teeralu
Jeevana Teeralu is a 1977 Telugu-language film directed by G. C. Sekhar and produced by A. Gopala Krishna (Adusumilli Gopalakrishna). The film stars Krishnam Raju, Vanisri, Jayasudha, Sivaji Ganesan and Jaggayya. The film had musical score by K. Chakravarthy. It is a remake of 1959 Bollywood film Dhool Ka Phool directed by Yash Chopra. The film was dubbed and released in Tamil as Vaazhkai Alaigal.

K. Chakravarthy
K. Chakravarthy (born Kommineni Appa Rao; 8 September 1936 – 3 February 2002) was an Indian music director and actor who primarily worked in Telugu cinema. He made his debut in 1971 with Mooga Prema and went on compose music for over 1000 films, predominantly in Telugu language (884 films), followed by Kannada (60 films). He won two Nandi Awards.
Artie Legacy Medal
The National Rugby League's Artie Legacy Medal is an award that was inaugurated in the 2023 NRL season to be presented to the best player on the field in each match played between the Dolphins and Sydney Roosters. It was created to honour rugby league Immortal Arthur “Artie” Beetson, who was himself a former player and coach of both the Redcliffe Dolphins and the Eastern Suburbs Roosters.

It is intended that the Medal be "... played for and at every game between the two organisations that enabled him [Beetson] to achieve his Immortal status."

Immortals (rugby league)
The Immortals of rugby league in Australia are players named as the nation's greatest ever. From 1981 to 2017 the Immortals were named by the Australian magazine Rugby League Week. From 2018, the National Rugby League took over the Immortals concept.
Ross Tokely
Ross Tokely (born 8 March 1979) is a Scottish football coach and former professional player who played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Ross County, Brora Rangers, and Nairn County, he was previously the manager Nairn County, and is currently coaching with Inverness Caledonian Thistles youth Academy.

Tokely joined Inverness from Highland League club Huntly in 1996 and remained at the club until June 2012, for a total of 16 seasons at the Inverness club. Tokely was ICT's longest serving player and currently holds their appearance record. He also holds the distinction of having played and scored in every division of Scottish league football, from Third Division to the SPL, for Inverness.

1996–97 in Scottish football
The 1996–97 season was the 100th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw a playoff system introduced between the second bottom club in the Premier Division and the second-top club in Division One.
William F. Pierce House
The William F. Pierce House, also known as Merifield, is a historic house in Eutaw, Alabama, United States.  The house was built by William F. Pierce in 1840.  Pierce purchased the lot for his house from Asa White on May 25, 1839, for $750.  The main living floor is frame, built above a raised basement of brick.  Both levels contain four rooms each.  The main floor has a large central hall.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 1983, due to its architectural significance.

Eutaw, Alabama
Eutaw (/ˈjuːtɔː/ YOO-taw) is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 2,937. The city was named in honor of the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last engagement of the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas.
Mong Prue Sain
Mong Prue Sain was the king of the Mong Circle, one of three circles; the others being the Chakma Circle and the Bohmong Circle. He was a member of the Central Committee of Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League, the one-party government of Bangladesh created by the Awami League, and governor of Khagrachari District.

Mong Circle
The Mong Circle (Burmese: ဖလံထောင်, Bengali: মং সার্কেল) is one of three hereditary chiefdoms (or "circles") in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of modern-day Bangladesh. The jurisdiction of the Mong Circle encompasses parts of Khagrachhari District. The chiefdom's members are of Marma descent and are known as phalansa. Most inhabitants of the Mong Circle settled in the northwest during a migration wave from the Kingdom of Mrauk U (modern-day Rakhine State in Myanmar) between the 16th and 18th centuries, while inhabitants of the other Marma chiefdom, the Bohmong Circle settled in the south and are known as ragraisa.