hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Violin Sonata No. 2 (Beethoven)
The Violin Sonata No. 2 of Ludwig van Beethoven in A major, the second of his Opus 12 set (along with his Violin Sonata No. 1 and Violin Sonata No. 3), was written in 1797–98 and dedicated to Antonio Salieri. It has three movements:

A typical performance lasts approximately 18 minutes.

A major
A major is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯. Its key signature has three sharps. Its relative minor is F-sharp minor and its parallel minor is A minor.

The A major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The A harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

In the treble, alto, and bass clefs, the G♯ in the key signature is placed higher than C♯. However, in the tenor clef, it would require a ledger line and so G♯ is placed lower than C♯.
Hope Hill Van Beuren
Hope Hill van Beuren is a Campbell Soup heiress whose net worth was estimated by Forbes to be about $1.1 billion as of March 2011. Her grandfather, John Thompson Dorrance, invented the condensed soup process.

John Thompson Dorrance
John Thompson Dorrance (November 11, 1873 – September 21, 1930) was an American chemist and businessman who developed commercially available condensed soup. He served as president of the Campbell Soup Company from 1914 to 1930.
Fondant icing
Fondant icing, also commonly just called fondant (/ˈfɒndənt/, French: [fɔ̃dɑ̃] ⓘ; French for 'melting'), is an icing used to decorate or sculpt cakes and pastries. It is made from sugar, water, gelatin, vegetable oil or shortening, and glycerol. It does not have the texture of most icings; rolled fondant is akin to modelling clay, while poured fondant is a thick liquid. The flavor is generally considered a weak point, as it is sweet and chalky.  It is generally chosen for its appearance rather than the way it tastes.

The word, in French, means 'melting,' coming from the same root as fondue and foundry.

Marzipan
Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar and almond meal (ground almonds), sometimes augmented with almond oil or extract.

It is often made into sweets; common uses are chocolate-covered marzipan and small marzipan imitations of fruits and vegetables. It can also be used in biscuits or rolled into thin sheets and glazed for icing cakes, primarily birthday cakes, wedding cakes and Christmas cakes. Marzipan may also be used as a baking ingredient, as in stollen or banket. In some countries, it is shaped into small figures of animals as a traditional treat for New Year's Day or Christmas. Marzipan is also used in Tortell, and in some versions of king cake eaten during the Carnival season.
Sponson
Sponsons are projections extending from the sides of land vehicles, aircraft or watercraft to provide protection, stability, storage locations, mounting points for weapons or other devices, or equipment housing.

Ship stability
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity, centers of buoyancy, the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
Ganish
Ganish (Urdu: گنش, Burushaski: گَنِش‎, also Ganish Khun) is a village in the Hunza District within the Gilgit Baltistan region of Pakistan. Ganish also collectively refers to multiple villages in and around the area.  It is the oldest and first settlement on the ancient Silk Road in the Hunza Valley, and is the site of various ancient watchtowers, traditional mosques, religious centers, and a reservoir. The settlement is at least a 1,000 years old and was awarded the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Award for Culture Heritage Conservation in 2003.

Karakoram Highway
The Karakoram Highway (Urdu: شاہراہ قراقرم, Śāhirāh-i Qarāquram), also known as the KKH, National Highway 35 (Urdu: قومی شاہراہ ۳۵), N-35, and the China–Pakistan Friendship Highway, is a 1,300 km (810 mi) national highway which extends from Hasan Abdal in the Punjab province of Pakistan to the Khunjerab Pass in Gilgit-Baltistan, where it crosses into China and becomes China National Highway 314.

The highway connects the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa plus Gilgit-Baltistan with China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The highway is a popular tourist attraction and is one of the highest paved roads in the world, passing through the Karakoram mountain range, at  at maximum elevation of 4,714 m (15,466 ft) near Khunjerab Pass. Due to its high elevation and the difficult conditions under which it was constructed, it is often referred to as the Eighth Wonder of the World. The highway is also a part of the Asian Highway AH4.
Oxgangs
Oxgangs is a suburb in the south-west of Edinburgh, Scotland. 
Surrounding districts include Caiystane, Dreghorn, Redford, Fairmilehead, Colinton and Swanston and Colinton Mains. The post code area for Oxgangs is EH13.

Swanston, Edinburgh
Swanston is a village and residential area on the southern edge of Edinburgh, Scotland, noted for its picturesque thatched cottages set around an informal village green. Because of its relatively isolated position at the foot of the Pentland Hills, it has remained largely unaffected by commercial or suburban development.

The village grew up in the 18th century, originally to provide accommodation for farm workers on Swanston Farm. The farm, in turn, can trace its origins back at least to the 13th century and possibly earlier. The area has also played a role in supplying Edinburgh with fresh water. Its most notable resident was the young Robert Louis Stevenson, whose family leased a holiday home in the village during the late 19th century.
Concentration of media ownership
Concentration of media ownership, also known as media consolidation or media convergence, is a process wherein fewer individuals or organizations control shares of the mass media. Research in the 1990s and early 2000s suggested then-increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated where a few companies own much of the market. The proliferation of the Internet and with it the advent of new media companies challenged this oligopoly, before market share being again consolidated by a small set of companies.

Technological convergence
Technological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance. For example, watches, telephones, television, computers, and social media platforms began as separate and mostly unrelated technologies, but have converged in many ways into an interrelated telecommunication, media, and technology industry.
I Marine Amphibious Corps
The I Marine Amphibious Corps, or I MAC, was a formation of the United States Marine Corps.
It was created on 1 October 1942, with most of the staff transferred from Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet (ACPF). It was then deployed to the South Pacific Area – a U.S.-led multinational military command active during World War II that was a part of the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas – first to Hawaii, then to New Caledonia.

South Pacific Area
The South Pacific Area (SOPAC) was a multinational U.S.-led military command active during World War II. It was a part of the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas under Admiral Chester Nimitz.

The delineation and establishment of the Pacific Ocean Areas was negotiated by the Allied governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Kingdom of the Netherlands in March–April 1942 in response to the Japanese attacks in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The South Pacific Area was bounded on the west by the Southwest Pacific Area, on the north by the Central Pacific Area, and on the east by the Southeast Pacific Area.  It originally encompassed the Ellice, Phoenix, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Samoa, Fiji, and New Hebrides island groups plus New Caledonia and New Zealand. Its western boundary was shifted to just west of Guadalcanal on 1 August 1942 to facilitate operations against that island.
1995 Carolina League season
The 1995 Carolina League was a Class A-Advanced baseball season played between April 6 and September 2. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, with the winners of each half of the season competing in the playoffs.

The Kinston Indians won the Carolina League championship, defeating the Wilmington Blue Rocks in the final round of the playoffs.

Kinston Indians
The Kinston Indians were a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League (CL) located in Kinston, North Carolina, from 1978 to 2011. They played their home games at Grainger Stadium, which opened in 1949.

The team began play in 1978 as the Kinston Eagles, borrowing their name from the city's first team of the same name dating back to 1925. They became an affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays in 1979 and rebranded as the Kinston Blue Jays in 1982. Kinston reverted to the Eagles moniker in 1986 after the Toronto affiliation ended and became the Kinston Indians upon partnering with the Cleveland Indians in 1987. After the 2011 season, the Carolina League franchise was relocated to Zebulon, North Carolina, for the 2012 campaign to become the Carolina Mudcats.

The K-Tribe won the Carolina League championship in 1988, 1991, 1995, 2004, and 2006.
Magda Bianchi Lázzari
Magda Bianchi Lázzari  is a Guatemalan diplomat and activist who served as the first lady of Guatemala from 1991 until 1993, as the wife of President Jorge Serrano Elías.

Bianchi followed up on the activities initiated by her predecessor, Raquel Blandón. Bianchi is an activist focused on women's rights, children and the elderly, and issues affecting people with disabilities in Guatemala. She accompanied President Serrano Elías on many of his state visits.

After President Serrano dissolved the Congress and initiated the "Serranazo", the Constitutional Court declared the President's decisions null and void and declared Vice President Gustavo Espina as illegitimate to succeed Serrano. Serrano and his wife went into exile in Panama, where they currently reside.

Raquel Blandón
Haydee Raquel Blandón Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈkel blanˈdon]; May 10, 1943 – September 21, 2024) was a Guatemalan lawyer, activist, and political leader who served as the first lady of Guatemala from 1986 to 1991, as the wife of President Vinicio Cerezo. She was the nominee for the Renewed Democratic Liberty party for vice president of Guatemala in the 2011 election as Manuel Baldizón's running mate .

Blandón died of sepsis in Guatemala City on September 21, 2024, at the age of 81.
Oshiwara
Oshiwara is a neighbourhood in northern Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, near Lokhandwala Complex. Its name was derived from the Oshiwara River. Located between the western sides of Goregaon and Jogeshwari, it has many industrial estates. A railway station was built at Oshiwara, called Ram Mandir, for the Western Line of Mumbai Suburban Railway, providing service to the extended Andheri and Lokhandwala areas of the western suburbs. Oshiwara is known for its antique and second-hand furniture market, as well as its food corners.

Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport operates a bus depot at Oshiwara.

Jogeshwari
Jogeshwari (Pronunciation: [d͡ʒoɡeːʃʋəɾiː]) is a suburb located in the western part of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is notable for Jogeshwari Caves - one of the oldest and biggest Hindu cave temples, built in approximately 5th century - particularly one containing a shrine of the Hinduism deities Jogeshwari, Shiva and Hanuman. It belongs to the K/E Ward of Mumbai.

Jogeshwari railway station and Jogeshwari East metro station serve Jogeshwari. Majas Bus Depot is also situated in Jogeshwari.

The Jogeshwari–Vikhroli Link Road connects Jogeshwari, a western suburb of Mumbai, with Vikhroli, an eastern suburb. This road typically experiences traffic jams during peak hours but has improved access and connectivity between the city's suburbs.
For healthcare a public governed HBT trauma hospital is located near the Western express highway.
Lukeino Formation
The Lukeino Formation is a geologic formation located in Kenya and it dates to the Late Miocene (Messinian).

The Lukeino Formation is believed to have been formed through continued tectonic plate activity, and it was located within a well-forested region that was located nearby to Paleolake Lukeino.

Messinian
The Messinian is in the geologic timescale the last age or uppermost stage of the Miocene. It spans the time between 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma and 5.333 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). It follows the Tortonian and is followed by the Zanclean, the first age of the Pliocene.

The Messinian overlaps the Turolian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (more precisely MN 12 and 13) and the Pontian Central European Paratethys Stage. It also overlaps the late Huayquerian and early Montehermosan South American Land Mammal Ages, and falls inside the more extensive Hemphillian North American Land Mammal Age.

During the Messinian, around 6 million years ago, the Messinian salinity crisis took place, which brought about repeated desiccations of the Mediterranean Sea.
Sugawara clan
The Sugawara clan (菅原氏／菅家, Sugawara-uji/Kanke) was a Japanese aristocratic family claiming descent from Ame-no-hohi. Founded in 781, they served the Imperial Court as scholars and government officials since the clan's foundation until the early modern period when the clan divided into six branches.

In the mid-Heian period, Sugawara no Michizane served as Minister of the Right, but the clan weakened soon after being demoted from the upper court nobility, kugyō. They continued to serve as heads of the Imperial University, until Sugawara no Tamenaga became Associate Counselor, after which the clan reentered the upper court nobility. The clan later divided into six branches, the Takatsuji clan, Gojō clan, Higashibōjō clan, Karahashi clan, Kiyo'oka clan and Kuwahara clan, all of which stayed in upper court nobility.

Takasue's daughter
Sugawara no Takasue no musume (菅原孝標女; c.1008 – after 1059), also known as Takasue's Daughter and Lady Sarashina, was a Japanese noble woman, poet, and author best known for writing the Sarashina Nikki, a Heian period travel diary recording her life and travels from her teenage years to her fifties. She is also attributed by some scholars as the author of Hamamatsu Chūnagon Monogatari and Yoru no Nezame. Her personal name is unknown.
Grey antbird
The grey antbird (Cercomacra cinerascens) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Philip Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist. In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.
6th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Spanish–American War)
The 6th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was reconstituted in early 1898 as a unit of volunteers to fight in the Spanish–American War, under the command of Colonel Edmund Rice. The unit should not be confused with the 6th Infantry Regiment of Regulars, which also fought in the war, though in the Philippines and Cuba.

6th Massachusetts deployed to Puerto Rico, landed at Guanica and worked its way east and inland to Ponce and Arecibo. In October of that year, it returned to Massachusetts and was disbanded. The unit's experience in the Spanish–American War was recorded by Lance-Corporal George King of the regiment's Concord Company in his letters home, which he later published in 1929.

6th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 6th Infantry Regiment ("Regulars") was formed 11 January 1812.  Zachary Taylor, later the twelfth President of the United States, was a commander of the unit. The motto, "Regulars, By God!" derives from the Battle of Chippawa, in which British Major General Phineas Riall noticed that the approaching regiment wore militia uniforms. Having defeated militia troops in the Battle of Queenston Heights, Riall assumed another easy victory, but the American regiment pressed the attack. According to the memoirs of regimental commander Winfield Scott, later commanding general of the United States Army, when Riall realized his error, he remarked "Why, these are regulars!"
Marie & Gali
Marie & Gali (マリー＆ガリー) is a Japanese anime created by Izumi Todo. It aired on NHK from March 30, 2009, until March 22, 2011, for a total of 70 episodes of five minutes each. It was the first anime (in over three decades) produced by Toei Animation to be broadcast on the NHK-E educational channel since 1978's Captain Future. 
A sequel, Marie & Gali ver.2.0 aired from March 30, 2010, until March 22, 2011.

Marina Inoue
Marina Inoue (井上 麻里奈, Inoue Marina; born January 20, 1985) is a Japanese voice actress and narrator from Tokyo, Japan. She is affiliated with Aoni Production. She was signed into Aniplex until 2007. She was chosen out of 2,000 people from the "Gonna be a star" auditions (hosted by Sony Music Entertainment Japan) for the title role in the OVA Le Portrait de Petit Cossette.
Ruth Ansel
Ruth Ansel (born 1938) is an American graphic designer and art director. She became a co-art director of Harper's Bazaar in the 1960s alongside Bea Feitler. In the 1970s she was art director of The New York Times Magazine and in the 1980s House & Garden, Vanity Fair, and Vogue. She was the first woman to hold these positions. In 2016, Ansel was awarded the AIGA Medal for her visionary contributions to American graphic design.

Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".
Multiplicative character
In mathematics, a multiplicative character (or linear character, or simply character) on a group G is a group homomorphism from G to the multiplicative group of a field (Artin 1966), usually the field of complex numbers.  If G is any group, then the set Ch(G) of these morphisms forms an abelian group under pointwise multiplication.

This group is referred to as the character group of G. Sometimes only unitary characters are considered (characters whose image is in the unit circle); other such homomorphisms are then called quasi-characters. Dirichlet characters can be seen as a special case of this definition.

Multiplicative characters are linearly independent, i.e. if  are different characters on a group G then from  it follows that

Group homomorphism
In mathematics, given two groups, (G,∗) and (H, ·), a group homomorphism from (G,∗) to (H, ·) is a function h : G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that

where the group operation on the left side of the equation is that of G and on the right side that of H.

From this property, one can deduce that h maps the identity element eG of G to the identity element eH of H,

and it also maps inverses to inverses in the sense that

Hence one can say that h "is compatible with the group structure".

In areas of mathematics where one considers groups endowed with additional structure, a homomorphism sometimes means a map that respects not only the group structure (as above) but also the extra structure. For example, a homomorphism of topological groups is often required to be continuous.
2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, at Moncton Stadium on 23, 24 and 25 July.  99.0 cm (3'3) (junior implement) hurdles were used.

2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics was an international athletics competition for athletes under the age of 20 which was held at Moncton Stadium in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada from 19 to 25 July 2010. A total of 44 athletics events were contested at the Championships, 22 by male and 22 by female athletes. It was the second time that the event took place in Canada, after the 1988 edition in Sudbury.  This became the last event announced by Scott Davis.

Katsiaryna Artsiukh of Belarus, the winner of the women's 400 m hurdles title, had a positive test for Metenolone (a banned steroid) on the day of her victory. She was banned from the sport for two years.
Ceriops tagal
Ceriops tagal, commonly known as spurred mangrove or Indian mangrove, is a mangrove tree species in the family Rhizophoraceae. It is a protected tree in South Africa. The specific epithet tagal is a plant name from the Tagalog language.

Rhizophoraceae
The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera. Under the family, there are three tribes, Rhizophoreae, Gynotrocheae, and Macarisieae. Even though Rhizophoraceae is known for its mangrove members, only the genera under Rhizophoreae grow in the mangrove habitats and the remaining members live in inland forests.
André Calantzopoulos
André Calantzopoulos (born 1957) is a Greek businessman. He is executive chairman of tobacco giant Philip Morris International (PMI), having previously been CEO. He worked as a design engineer in the automotive industry before joining PMI at 28 years old.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Lichtenburg (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Lichtenburg was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. Named after the town of Lichtenburg, it covered a rural area in the western Transvaal. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.