hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nether Hall, Roydon
Nether Hall or Netherhall is a former manor in Roydon, Essex, England. Established during the medieval period, Nether Hall contained two manor houses built in the mid-15th century and occupied by the Colte family. Thomas More married one of the Colte daughters and visited Nether Hall during their courtship.

Although the central part of the manor, including one of the houses, was demolished in the 1770s, it is a scheduled monument and the ruined gatehouse is a Grade I listed building with Historic England. Several outer farm buildings, including the other manor house, are still standing and are also listed buildings.

Roydon, Essex
Roydon is a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Harlow, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Hoddesdon and 5 miles (8.0 km) north-west of Epping, forming part of the border with Hertfordshire. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 3,074.

The village lies on the Stort Navigation and River Stort. Roydon is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Ruindune, and appears later as Reidona in c. 1130, as Reindon in 1204, and as Roindon in 1208.

The village has a village shop, sub post office, pharmacy and church. The church, St Peter's, dates from the Middle Ages and was given Grade I listed status on 20 February 1967.

Briggens House, dating back to the 18th century, was used as a forgery centre for the WW2 SOE.

Roydon was ranked as the best London commuter town in 2025.
Pognana Lario
Pognana Lario (Comasco: Pugnana [puˈɲana]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Como.

Pognana Lario borders the following municipalities: Faggeto Lario, Laglio, Nesso.

Laglio
Laglio (Italian: [ˈlaʎʎo]; Comasco: Lài [ˈlaj]) is an Italian comune of 930 inhabitants in the Province of Como in Lombardy. It is on the western shore of the south-western branch of Lake Como, 14 kilometres (9 mi) from the town of Como.
NGC 7190
NGC 7190 is a barred lenticular galaxy registered in the New General Catalogue. It is located in the direction of the Pegasus constellation. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 28 September 1870 using an 80.01 cm (31.5 inch) reflector.

Pegasus (constellation)
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today. It lies just north of the celestial equator.

With an apparent magnitude varying between 2.37 and 2.45, the brightest star in Pegasus is the orange supergiant Epsilon Pegasi, also known as Enif, which marks the horse's muzzle. Alpha (Markab), Beta (Scheat), and Gamma (Algenib), together with Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz) form the large asterism known as the Square of Pegasus. Twelve star systems have been found to have exoplanets.

51 Pegasi was the first Sun-like star discovered to have an exoplanet companion. It is just over 50 light years distance.
Valley Stream State Park
Valley Stream State Park is a 97-acre (39 ha) state park located in the Incorporated Village of Valley Stream, in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is one of three state parks located within the Town of Hempstead.

Valley Stream, New York
Valley Stream is a village in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population in the Village of Valley Stream was 40,634 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Valley Stream is within the Town of Hempstead, along the border with Queens, and is served by the Long Island Rail Road at the Valley Stream, Gibson, and Westwood stations.
Shivaji Nagar metro station (Bengaluru)
Shivaji Nagara is an upcoming important underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Pink Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India. This metro station will consist of the main Shivajinagar neighbourhood having the main Shivajinagara Bus Terminus leading towards many prime locations like Kempegowda (Majestic) Bus Station, Bagalur, Yelahanka and Hebbal. This also includes other prime locations such as Commercial Street, M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Karnataka State Cricket Association and St. Mary's Basilica. Cubbon Park will be the alternative metro station coming under Purple Line (Namma Metro).

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase, covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch (Dairy Circle - Nagawara) is expected to be operational around December 2026.

Dairy Circle metro station
Dairy Circle is an upcoming underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Pink Line of Namma Metro in Bengaluru, India with plans to make an interchange with the proposed Red Line. This metro station consists of the main Dairy Circle Flyover where to the east leads towards Silk Board junction and Christ University, to the west leads towards NIMHANS Hospital, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health Hospital, to the north leads towards Bosch (Bengaluru South Campus), Karnataka Federal Foundation and to the south leads towards Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, a healthcare institute in South Bengaluru.

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the second phase (Pink Line), covering the total distance of 13.8 km stretch (Dairy Circle - Nagawara) is expected to be operational around December 2026.
Kostroma Gostiny Dvor
The Gostiny Dvor in Kostroma is the best preserved complex of provincial Neoclassical trading arcades in Russia. It was built on the site of the ancient Kostroma kremlin after the great fire of 1773. The complex comprises more than ten buildings constructed over a period of almost five decades.

The merchant court was designed by Charles Claire, although many other architects (including Vasily Stasov) modified the original design. The construction was supervised by the local Vorotilov family. Each arch was occupied by a separate shop or tavern. The ground floor was for trade, whereas the second and third storeys were for storage and general warehousing.

The centerpiece of the inner trade square is the five-domed Saviour church (1766) with a distinctive tall belltower. The white obelisks flanking the main entrance were erected to commemorate a royal visit to the city in 1823.

Vasily Stasov
Duke Vasily Petrovich Stasov (Russian: Васи́лий Петро́вич Ста́сов; 4 August 1769 – 5 September 1848) was a famous Russian architect, born into a wealthy noble family: his father, Pyotr Fyodorovich Stasov, came from one of the oldest aristocratic families founded in 1387 by the 1st Duke Stasov Dmitri Vasilevich and his mother, Anna Antipyevna, came from the prominent Priklonsky family
2015 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary
The 2015 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary (formally the 2015 MOL Group Race of Hungary) was the third round of the 2015 World Touring Car Championship season and the fifth running of the FIA WTCC Race of Hungary. It was held on 3 May 2015 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród near Budapest, Hungary.

Race one was won by José María López for Citroën Total WTCC and race two was won by Norbert Michelisz for Zengő Motorsport.

2015 World Touring Car Championship
The 2015 World Touring Car Championship was a motor racing competition organised by the FIA for Super 2000 cars. It was the twelfth FIA World Touring Car Championship, and the eleventh since the series was revived in 2005. The championship comprised a Drivers Championship and a Manufacturers Championship, which were won by José María López and Citroën respectively.
Perth Central Area Transit
The Perth Central Area Transit (Perth CAT) system, or simply CAT, consists of five bus routes in the centre of Perth, three bus routes in Joondalup, and a route called Surf CAT linking Stirling and Scarborough. CAT services formerly operated in Fremantle, and similar services exist in Rockingham (called City Centre Transit System) and Midland (called Midland Gate Shuttle).

Unlike all other Transperth services, most CAT routes are free and a SmartRider is not needed.

Free public transport
Free public transport, often called fare-free public transit or zero-fare public transport, is public transport which is fully funded by means other than collecting fares from passengers. It may be funded by national, regional or local government through taxation, and/or by commercial sponsorship by businesses.  Alternatively, the concept of "free-ness" may take other forms, such as no-fare access via a card which may or may not be paid for in its entirety by the user.

On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport in the country (buses, trams, and trains) free to use. On 1 October 2022, Malta made its public transport free on most routes, though unlike in Luxembourg, this applies only to residents.

As some transit lines intended to operate with fares initially start service, the organisation may elect not to collect fares for an introductory period to create interest or to test operations.
Domenico Casalino
Domenico Casalino (Turin, 11 January 1962) is an Italian executive and Adjunct Faculty Member at LUISS Business School. He was CEO of  Consip, a public stock company owned by the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance operating in the public procurement services field and Techno Sky, the ENAV Group society for maintenance and development of the air traffic management technologies.

Italian Red Cross
The Italian Red Cross (IRC, Italian: Croce Rossa Italiana or CRI) is the Italian national Red Cross society. The Italian Red Cross was one of the original founding members of the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in 1919.
Otocinclus xakriaba
Otocinclus xakriaba is a species of suckermouth catfish native to the São Francisco river basin in South America. This species reaches a maximum length of 3.1 centimetres (1.2 in) (SL).

O. xakriaba is a Batesian mimic that mimics juvenile Brochis garbei. The mechanism driving the mimicry is unknown.

Brochis garbei
Brochis garbei, the Bahia catfish or coridora, freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes. It is endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the São Francisco River basin. It is sold as an aquarium fish. Its specific name, garbei, honours the German-born Brazilian zoologist Ernesto Garbe, who collected specimens, presumably including the holotype of B. garbei, for the Museu Paulista.
Alphonse DeCarre
Alphonse DeCarre (November 15, 1892 – May 3, 1977) was a highly decorated Major General in the United States Marine Corps. He was a recipient of the second highest decorations of the Army and Navy, the Distinguished Service Cross and the Navy Cross, both of which he earned during his service in World War I.

Naval Station Norfolk
Naval Station Norfolk is a United States Navy base in Norfolk, Virginia, that is the headquarters and home port of the U.S. Navy's Fleet Forces Command. The installation occupies about 4 miles (6.4 km) of waterfront space and 11 miles (18 km) of pier and wharf space of the Hampton Roads peninsula known as Sewell's Point.  It is the world's largest naval station, with the largest concentration of U.S. Navy forces through 75 ships alongside 14 piers and with 134 aircraft and 11 aircraft hangars at the adjacently operated Chambers Field. Port Services controls more than 3,100 ships' movements annually as they arrive and depart their berths.

Air Operations conducts over 100,000 flight operations each year, an average of 275 flights per day or one every six minutes. Over 150,000 passengers and 264,000 tons of mail and cargo depart annually on Air Mobility Command (AMC) aircraft and other AMC-chartered flights from the airfield's AMC Terminal.
Starochikeyevo
Starochikeyevo (Russian: Старочикеево; Bashkir: Иҫке Сикәй, İśke Sikäy) is a rural locality (a selo) in Michurinsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 218 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Starochikeyevo is located 31 km northeast of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chishma-Karan is the nearest rural locality.

Sharan, Russia
Sharan (Russian: Шара́н; Bashkir: Шаран, Şaran) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Sharansky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Population:  5,929 (2010 Census); 5,544 (2002 Census); 4,734 (1989 Soviet census).
Kessinger Publishing
Kessinger Publishing, LLC is an American print-on-demand publishing company located in Whitefish, Montana, that specializes in reproductions of rare, out-of-print books. In 2009, the company produced 190,175 titles and was reported to be the third-largest producer of "non-traditional" books that year, earning recognition from Kelly Gallagher.

The Register reported in 2009 that volume 1 of a book by Lafcadio Hearn was not available for a full preview at Google Books because it was marked as "copyrighted material" and offered for sale by Kessinger Publishing. According to the article, some "scholars were outraged" because the book was previously in the public domain (accused them of copyfraud), and criticized Kessinger Publishing for making the Internet copy of the book "useless to scholars" by forcing them to purchase it.

Print on demand
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging, or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints in single or small quantities. While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD could only develop after the beginning of digital printing, as it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing.

Many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contracted their printing to POD service providers. Many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists (lists of older publications); some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, out-of-print titles or for test marketing.
OFK Ravan
Omladinski fudbalski klub Ravan (Serbian Cyrillic: Омладински  фудбалски  клуб  Раван, English: Ravan Youth Football Club), commonly known as OFK Ravan, is a Bosnian football club from Kozarska Dubica, Republika Srpska, more precisely from a village Međeđa. They have played in the Second League of the Republika Srpska since 2003, but were relegated to the Regional League in 2012.

Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kozarska Dubica (Serbian Cyrillic: Козарска Дубица), formerly Bosanska Dubica (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанска Дубица) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 21,542 inhabitants, while the town of Kozarska Dubica has a population of 11,566 inhabitants.
Firetrack
Firetrack is a vertically-scrolling shooter programmed by Nick Pelling and released for the BBC Micro and Commodore 64 platforms in 1987 by Electric Dreams Software. It was also ported to the Acorn Electron by Superior Software in 1989 as part of the Play It Again Sam 7 compilation. It resembles the 1984 arcade game Star Force in style and gameplay. The game was technically advanced and very well received by critics.

Star Force
Star Force, released in North America as Mega Force, is a 1984 vertically scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Tehkan for arcades. It was ported to the Famicom by Hudson Soft, with Tehkan's successor Tecmo releasing a different version for the Nintendo Entertainment System outside of Japan.
Surabaya metropolitan area
The Surabaya metropolitan area or Greater Surabaya, known locally as Gerbangkertosusila (Javanese: ꦒꦼꦂꦧꦁ​ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱꦸꦱꦶꦭ, romanized: Gěrbangkěrtåsusila, from Gresik-Bangkalan-Mojokerto-Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Lamongan), is a metropolitan area in East Java, Indonesia. It is the country's second-largest metropolitan area, after the Jakarta metropolitan area. Gerbangkertosusila had also been used in presidential decrees to refer to a larger region which includes Jombang, Bojonegoro, and Tuban Regencies.

Jombang Regency
Jombang Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Jombang; Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ) is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya. The capital of the regency is the town of Jombang. The regency has an area of 1,159.50 km2 and a population of 1,202,407 at the 2010 census and 1,318,062 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,378,005 (comprising 694,052 males and 683,953 females). It became a regency in 1910. It was the birthplace of Abdurrahman Wahid, the 4th president of Indonesia.
Awaran
Awaran  is a town located in Awaran District in the south of Balochistan, Pakistan. the town has a population of 28,780 people and lies on an elevation of 529m. It serves as the district and tehsil headquarters, and is a Union Council.

In September 2013, a powerful earthquake struck the District, measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale with its epicentre located around 66 kilometres (41 mi) north-northwest of Awaran. The disaster caused the deaths of at least 386 people and 80% of the houses have been damaged or destroyed, including across the district and town of Awaran.

Awaran District
Awaran District (Balochi and Urdu: ضلع آواران), is a district in the southern part of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is part of the Kalat division.

It was created as a separate district on 11 November 1992; previously it was a sub-division of Khuzdar District. It is considered one of the poorest districts in the province.

Awaran district is bordered by Gwadar to its south, Lasbela to its east, Kech and Panjgur to its west, Khuzdar to its north east and Washuk to its north west.
2016 Go Bowling 400
The 2016 Go Bowling 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on May 7, 2016, at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas. Contested over 267 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) asphalt speedway, it was the 11th race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup season, The race had 16 lead changes among different drivers and six cautions for 30 laps.

AdventHealth 400
The AdventHealth 400 is a NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas. Kansas received a second date beginning in 2011 part of a NASCAR schedule realignment; with the other one being the Hollywood Casino 400. Kyle Larson is the defending winner.
Dutch (wrestler)
William Carr (born April 21, 1987), better known by the ring name Dutch, is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to TNA Wrestling, where he is a member of The Righteous alongside Vincent. He is known for his time All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a former ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champion.

CZW World Tag Team Championship
The CZW World Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship owned and copyrighted by the Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) promotion; it is contested for in their tag team division. It was created and debuted on February 13, 1999 at CZW's Opening Night event, where Jon Dahmer and Jose Rivera, Jr. were awarded the championship, becoming the inaugural champions in the process.

Overall, there have been 60 reigns, shared between 77 individual wrestlers and 44 teams, and four vacancies.

Milk Chocolate (Brandon Watts & Randy Summers), are the current champions in their first reign.
Nonnegative rank (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the nonnegative rank of a nonnegative matrix is a concept similar to the usual linear rank of a real matrix, but adding the requirement that certain coefficients and entries of vectors/matrices have to be nonnegative.

For example, the linear rank of a matrix is the smallest number of vectors, such that every column of the matrix can be written as a linear combination of those vectors.  For the nonnegative rank, it is required that the vectors must have nonnegative entries, and also that the coefficients in the linear combinations are nonnegative.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Mandal Airfield
Mandal Airfield (Norwegian: Mandal flyplass) was a military air base situated at Vestnes in Lindesnes municipality, Norway. It featured a wooden runway measuring 1,520 by 80 meters (4,990 by 260 ft). Built by the German Luftwaffe in 1940 after Nazi Germany occupied Norway, it remained in use for the rest of the Second World War. Lista Air Station opened in April 1941, after which Mandal remained only a reserve airfield. A 1950 proposal to rejuvenate it as a civilian airport was turned down by the municipal council.

Lindesnes
Lindesnes (English: the Naze) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mandal. Other villages in Lindesnes include Åvik, Høllen, Skofteland, Svenevig, Vigmostad, Heddeland, Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, Øyslebø, Bykjernen, Skjebstad, Sånum-Lundevik, Skogsfjord-Hesland, Krossen, Harkmark, Skinsnes-Ime, and Tregde-Skjernøy.

The 934-square-kilometre (361 sq mi) municipality is the 126th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lindesnes is the 55th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,479. The municipality's population density is 26.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (69/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Haploesthes
Haploesthes is a North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in Mexico and in the southwestern United States. They are perennial herbs or subshrubs with yellow flower heads.

The name is sometimes spelled Haploësthes, with a diaeresis over the first e to indicate that the o and the e are to be pronounced in separate syllables. This is optional; either spelling is equally acceptable.

Species

Haploesthes fruticosa B.L.Turner - Coahuila, Nuevo León

Haploesthes greggii A.Gray - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas

Haploesthes hintoniana B.L.Turner

Haploesthes robusta I.M.Johnst. - Coahuila

Haploesthes fruticosa
Haploesthes fruticosa is a Mexican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and Nuevo León).

The genus name is sometimes spelled Haploësthes, with two dots over the first e to indicate that the o and the e are to be pronounced in separate syllables. This is optional; either spelling is equally acceptable.

Haploesthes fruticosa is a woody shrub up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall. It is very similar to H. greggii except for its woody habit and a few differences in the shape of the involucral bracts covering the lower parts of the flower heads.