hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solomon Darwin
Solomon Darwin is a retired American professor of business and was the director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known as the visionary leader of the Smart Village Movement and for developing "smart village frameworks" for rural villages with the support of state and local governments in India and UC Berkeley. He published four books to support his thesis : "How to Create Smart Villages: Open Innovation Solutions for Emerging Markets", "How to Think like the CEO of the Planet", "The Untouchables" and "Smart Villages of Tomorrow: The Road to Mori" and is known as the Father of the Smart Village Movement.

Henry Chesbrough
Henry William Chesbrough (born 1956) is an American organizational theorist, adjunct professor and the faculty director of the Garwood Center for Corporate Innovation at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley and Maire Tecnimont Chair of Open Innovation at Luiss. He is known for coining the term open innovation.
Kurudu Island
Kurudu Island is an island which lies east of Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay, lying off the north coast of Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 20.18 km2 and had a population of 1,585 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,687.  Administratively, the island forms a district (distrik) within the Yapen Islands Regency, and is sub-divided into 8 villages (desa) of which the administrative centre is Kirimbri. Its inhabitants speak the Kurudu language, one of the Yapen languages.

Yapen languages (Austronesian)
The Yapen languages are the branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken on Yapen Island and the nearby small islands in Cenderawasih Bay, all in Papua province of northeastern Indonesia.

They share Yapen Ιsland with the Papuan Yawa languages.
Diego Colotto
Diego Daniel Colotto (born 10 March 1981) is an Argentine retired footballer who played as a central defender.

After starting out at Estudiantes he went on to spend most of his professional career in Spain, with Deportivo and Espanyol.

2001 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Argentina between 17 June and 8 July 2001. The 2001 championship was the 13th contested.  The tournament took part in six cities, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Salta, and Mar del Plata. The Golden Boot was won by Javier Saviola of Argentina who scored 11 goals.
Gornji Bučumet
Gornji Bučumet (Serbian Cyrillic: Горњи Бучумет, Upper Bučumet) is a settlement in the municipality of Medveđa, in southern Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a population of 139 people.

Medveđa
Medveđa (Serbian Cyrillic: Медвеђа, pronounced [ˈmɛdvɛdʑa]; Albanian: Medvegja, pronounced [ˈmedveɟa]) is a town and municipality located in the Jablanica District of southern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 6,360, while the town has a population of 2,993.
Trough (geology)
In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Although it is less steep than a trench, a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. 
There are various oceanic troughs on the ocean floors.
Troughs created by glaciation are called glacial trough.

Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
Proffer
A proffer is an offer made prior to any formal negotiations.

In a trial, to proffer (sometimes profer) is to offer evidence in support of an argument (for example, as used in U.S. law), or elements of an affirmative defense or offense. A party with the burden of proof must proffer sufficient evidence to carry that burden. For example, in support of a particular argument, a party may proffer documentary evidence or witnesses.

Where a party is denied the right to introduce evidence because that evidence would be inflammatory, hearsay, or would lack sufficient authentication, that party must make a proffer of what the evidence would have shown in order to preserve the issue for appeal through a formal procedure, such as an offer of proof.

As in business, a proffer can be a sign of  "good faith" a first offer or proposal, to show a willingness to "barter".

Authentication (law)
Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways. Either a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence has passed, from the time of the discovery up until the trial, or, the evidence can be authenticated by the opinion of an expert witness examining the evidence to determine if it has all of the properties that it would be expected to have if it were authentic.
Todd Huffman
Todd Huffman is an American technology entrepreneur, transhumanist and photographer. He was  co-founder of the biomedical imaging company 3Scan, member of the disaster aid group Synergy Strike Force, signals intelligence researcher for DARPA, and co-founder of the "unconference" BIL Conference.

He obtained a B.S. in Neuroscience in 2003 from California State University, Long Beach, and an M.S. in Computational Biosciences at Arizona State University in 2006.

Renée DiResta
Renée DiResta (born 1981) is a professor, writer and former research manager at Stanford Internet Observatory (SIO). DiResta has written about pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, terrorism, and state-sponsored information warfare. She has also served as an advisor to the U.S. Congress on ongoing efforts to prevent online and social media disinformation.
2012 UNAF U-17 Tournament
The 2012 UNAF U-17 Tournament was the ninth edition of the UNAF U-17 Tournament. The tournament took place in Kalâa Kebira, Tunisia, on March 20–24, 2012. Algeria won the competition after finishing first in the round robin stage.

UNAF U-17 Tournament
The UNAF U-17 Tournament is the annual international youth football tournament organized by the Union of North African Football (UNAF) for its nations consisting of players under the age of 17. However, the tournament invites teams from other nations.

Egypt are the tournament's current champions after winning the 2024 tournament, while Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia are the most successful nations winning the tournament four times.
Maggie Rita's
Maggie Rita's Tex-Mex Grill & Bar is a Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston. For several years, Maggie Rita's was a restaurant chain with a license co-owned by Carlos Mencia and Santiago Moreno of Suave Restaurant. In January 2013, Moreno closed the last two locations they owned. Tony Shannard owns the only remaining Maggie Rita's restaurant, which is situated in Houston's JPMorgan Chase Tower.

The Daily News (Texas)
The Daily News, formerly the Galveston County Daily News and Galveston Daily News, is a newspaper published in Galveston, Texas, United States. It was first published April 11, 1842, making it the oldest newspaper in the U.S. state of Texas. The newspaper founded The Dallas Morning News on October 1, 1885, as a sister publication. It currently serves as the newspaper of record for the City of Galveston as well as Galveston County.
1926 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1926 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Lismore were the defending champions.

Dungarvan won the championship after a 5–02 to 2–03 defeat of Lismore in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1923.

1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1897 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board.

Ballytruckle won the championship.
Indian wolf
The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) is a subspecies of gray wolf that ranges from Southwest Asia to the Indian subcontinent. It is intermediate in size between the Himalayan wolf and the Arabian wolf, and lacks the former's luxuriant winter coat due to it living in warmer conditions. Within this subspecies, the "Indian plains wolf" is genetically basal to all other extant Canis lupus apart from the older-lineage Himalayan wolf, with both proposed as separate species. The Indian wolf travels in smaller packs and is less vocal than other variants of the gray wolf, and has a reputation for being cunning. The Indian wolf is one of the most endangered populations of gray wolf in the world.

Bengal tiger
The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies. It ranks among the largest of wild cats. It is distributed from India, southern Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan to Southwestern China. Its historical range extended to the Indus Basin until the early 19th century, and it is thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. It is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation.

As of 2022, the Bengal tiger population was estimated at 3,167–3,682 individuals in India, 316–355 individuals in Nepal, 131 individuals in Bhutan and around 125 individuals in Bangladesh. It is the national animal of India and Bangladesh.
Mount Adams (Colorado)
Mount Adams is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,937-foot (4,248 m) thirteener is located in the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness, 5.1 miles (8.2 km) east by north (bearing 81°) of the Town of Crestone, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating San Isabel National Forest and Custer County from Rio Grande National Forest and Saguache County.

Sangre de Cristo Wilderness
The Sangre de Cristo Wilderness is a long and narrow wilderness area covering 220,803 acres (893.56 km2) of the Sangre de Cristo Range centered about Saguache and Custer counties, Colorado. Smaller areas are located in Fremont, Alamosa, and Huerfano counties. The wilderness area is located on in the San Isabel and Rio Grande National Forests and Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve. The wilderness area is home to several fourteeners and quite a few thirteeners. Crestone Needle is considered the most difficult.
St Mark's Church, Brithdir
St Mark's Church, Brithdir, is a redundant church in the hamlet of Brithdir, Gwynedd, Wales. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches. It is considered to be one of the finest Arts and Crafts churches in Wales.

Friends of Friendless Churches
Friends of Friendless Churches (FoFC), also referred to as 'The Friends', is a registered charity formed in 1957, active in England and Wales, which campaigns for and rescues redundant historic places of worship threatened by demolition, decay, or inappropriate conversion.  As of December 2025, the charity cares for over 70 redundant churches, chapels, and meeting houses in England and Wales.
Crichtonsaurus
Crichtonsaurus (meaning "Crichton's lizard") is a dubious genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now China. It was named after Michael Crichton, the author of the dinosaur novel Jurassic Park. A sister taxon was discovered, C. benxiensis, which is now identified as a separate genus.

Ankylosauridae
Ankylosauridae (/ˌæŋkɪloʊˈsɔːrɪdiː/) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae. The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago, and the clade went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. These animals were mainly herbivorous and were obligate quadrupeds, with leaf-shaped teeth and robust, scute-covered bodies. Ankylosaurids possess a distinctly domed and short snout, wedge-shaped osteoderms on their skull, scutes along their torso, and a tail club.

Ankylosauridae is exclusively known from the Northern Hemisphere, with specimens found in North America, Europe, and Asia. The first discoveries within this family were of the genus Ankylosaurus, by Peter Kaiser and Barnum Brown in Montana in 1906. Brown went on to name Ankylosauridae and the subfamily Ankylosaurinae in 1908.
Ridgewood station (LIRR Lower Montauk Branch)
Ridgewood was a train station along the Lower Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road, located at Woodhaven Boulevard near 78th Avenue in Glendale, Queens, just east of Glendale Junction, the connecting track between the Montauk Branch and Rockaway Beach Branch. It opened on June 2, 1883, and closed in 1924.

Glendale, Queens
Glendale is a neighborhood in the west-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bounded by Forest Hills to the east, Ridgewood to the west, Woodhaven to the south, and Middle Village to the north.

Glendale was built on a swampy area previously called Fresh Pond. The neighborhood was later developed into an industrial area, though it is now a more residential neighborhood. Glendale's land area is long on its east-west axis and narrow on its north-south axis. The area is surrounded mainly by cemeteries, although the neighborhood also contains several large parks, including part of Forest Park.

Glendale is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11385. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Glendale is represented by the New York City Council's 30th District.
Manish Rawat
Manish Rawat (Hindi: मनीष रावत) is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly in India. He represents the Sidhauli constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party political party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Sangre Grande (region)
Sangre Grande (Pronunciationⓘ) is a region of Trinidad. The Region of Sangre Grande is a local government body and the largest Region of Trinidad and Tobago by area. The region has a land area of 898.94 km2. The Sangre Grande Regional Corporation is headquartered in Sangre Grande.  Other urban areas within include Guaico, Toco and Valencia. For the Council Term of 2013–2016 the Sangre Grande Regional Corporation was expanded to include one additional Electoral District.

Toco
Toco is the most northeasterly village on the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago. The island of Tobago is 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the northeast, making Toco the closest point in Trinidad to the sister island. The name Toco was ascribed to the area by its early Amerindian inhabitants. The meaning of the name is uncertain.

Punta Galera (now Galera Point) is one of the sights of Toco. Galera is a slight corruption of the word "galea", the name originally given to the southeastern point, Galeota Point, by Christopher Columbus. The name was accidentally given to this point as well. The name stuck and it remains a popular tourist destination. The Galera Point Lighthouse in Toco was built in 1897 and today is surrounded by a park and picnic area.
2022 Tampere Open
The 2022 Tampere Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 40th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tampere, Finland, between 18–24 July 2022.

Tampere Open
The Tampere Open is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour, and has been held annually at the Tampere Tennis Center in Tampere, Finland, since 2008 (and 2007 for the women's ITF). Prior to that ATP Challenger competition was held at the Pyynikki tennis courts from 1982–2007. It is the longest running ATP organized event on the Challenger Tour, becoming the first tournament to celebrate its 40-year anniversary in 2022.
History of the Jews in Greater Columbus
The Jewish community of Greater Columbus has made up a small but noteworthy part of the region since the arrival of Jews in 1840. The community has gone through periods of growth, especially in the last quarter of the 20th century. Today, the well-established community includes schools, temples, elder care facilities, kosher food services, ritual baths, social clubs, community religious learning centers and other organizations and has a population of approximately 25,500, as of the most recent 2013 study. It is the 43rd largest Jewish community in the United States and the third largest in Ohio, trailing Cleveland and Cincinnati.

Bexley, Ohio
Bexley is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,928 at the 2020 census. The city is a suburban enclave of Columbus, situated on the banks of Alum Creek east of Columbus's Near East Side. It was founded in 1908 as a merger between the Bullitt Park neighborhood and Pleasant Ridge community, which met at the National Road (Main Street) which bisects the city.

Capital University and Trinity Lutheran Seminary are based in Bexley. The city is home to large estates, including the Ohio Governor's Mansion, the Jeffrey Park Mansion (a.k.a. "Kelveden"), and the home of the president of Ohio State University.
Athena relief of Sömek
The Athena relief of Sömek is a Greco-Roman rock relief, located some two kilometres north of the village of Sömek in Silifke district of Mersin province in Turkey, near the valley of the Limonlu river, the ancient Lamos. In antiquity, the river formed the border between "Rugged Cilicia" (Kilikia Tracheia) in the west and "Flat Cilicia" (Kilikia Pedias) in the east.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
2021 in archosaur paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that was described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in  2021.

Histology
Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, microanatomy or histoanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Historically, microscopic anatomy was divided into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, although modern usage places all of these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
Aristodemo Costoli
Aristodemo Costoli (1803–1871) was an Italian sculptor who spent his entire career in the city of Florence.  He is also known for attempting in 1843 to clean and conserve the famed Renaissance-era sculpture David by Michelangelo; unfortunately his hydrochloric acid cleaning solution  removed the stone's waxy protective coating and left the surface pitted and porous. His students included Emilio Zocchi, Girolamo Masini, Augusto Rivalta and his son Leopoldo Costoli.

Arnolfo di Cambio
Arnolfo di Cambio (c. 1240 – 1300/1310) was an Italian architect and sculptor of the Duecento, who began as a lead assistant to Nicola Pisano. He is documented as being capomaestro or Head of Works for Florence Cathedral in 1300, and designed the sixth city wall around Florence (1284–1333).

By the end of his career he evidently had one or more workshops of some size, producing work with considerable stylistic variation, and distinguishing his personal hand can be difficult.
Kurdish Institute of Istanbul
Kurdish Institute of Istanbul (Kurdish: Enstîtuya Kurdî Ya Stenbolê, Turkish: İstanbul Kürt Enstitüsü), founded in 1992, was an organization focusing on Kurdish literature, language and culture. Kurdish and Turkish intellectuals such as Musa Anter, Yaşar Kaya, İsmail Beşikçi, Cemşid Bender, Feqî Huseyîn Sagniç, Abdurrahman Dürre, İbrahim Gürbüz and Süleyman İmamoğlu were among the founding members.

The institute's main research activities were in the fields of linguistics, folklore and history. It published a research journal titled Zend. The institute held courses in the languages Zazaki, Kurmanji and Sorani,and provided certificates of translation into/from Kurdish.

It has published a Kurdish-Turkish dictionary (Büyük Türkçe-Kürtçe sözlük / Ferhanga Mezın Tırkî Kurdî and Büyük Kürtçe-Türkçe Sözlük / Ferhanga Mazın Kurdî Turkî) prepared by Zana Farqînî in 2004. The institute has also re-published many of the classical works in Kurdish literature, including the works of Faqi Tayran.

Mehdi Halıcı
Mehdi Halıcı (10 April 1927 – 8 April 2008) was a Kurdish writer from Turkey who wrote several novels and books about Kurdish and Turkish culture and history. He was also widely known as Cemşid Bender, the pseudonym he used for books and articles on the Kurdish culture and history.
Jose Laurel III
José Sotero Hidalgo Laurel III, KGCR (August 27, 1914 – January 6, 2003) was a Filipino diplomat and the aide-de-camp of his father, Jose P. Laurel, when he was president of the collaborationist Second Philippine Republic. He later became ambassador of the Philippines to Japan.

Second Philippine Republic
The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a pro-Axis government established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation of the islands until its dissolution on August 17, 1945.