hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.

State reform in Belgium
State reform, in the context of Belgium, is the ongoing process of seeking and finding constitutional and legal solutions to the problems and tensions in the different segments of the Belgian population, mostly between the Dutch-speakers of Flanders and the French-speakers of Wallonia. In general, Belgium has evolved from a unitary state to a federal state with communities, regions, and language areas.
2014 Poznań Open
The 2014 Poznań Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Park Tenisowy Olimpia in Poznań, Poland from 12 to 20 July 2014, including the qualifying competition in the first two days.

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2014 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 150 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $40,000 up to $220,000, which represented an increase of the minimum prize money from $35,000. It was the 37th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 6th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Oxon Hill–Suitland Line
The Oxon Hill–Suitland Line, designated Routes D12 & D14, were daily bus routes operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Southern Avenue station and Suitland station of the Green Line of the Washington Metro. The D12 operated every 20 minutes between 7AM and 9PM and 60 minutes after 9PM while the D14 operated every 24–30 minutes during the peak hours and every 60 minutes at all other times. Trips roughly took 60 minutes (D12) or 70–80 minutes (D14).

Maryland Route 414
Maryland Route 414 (MD 414) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 5.64 miles (9.08 km) from the beginning of state maintenance in Forest Heights east to MD 5 in Silver Hill. MD 414 connects the inner suburbs of Oxon Hill, Marlow Heights, and Silver Hill and provides access to National Harbor. The highway was constructed through Oxon Hill and Marlow Heights in the early 1930s. MD 414 was extended through Silver Hill along the old alignment of MD 5 when that highway bypassed Silver Hill in the early 1950s. The highway was expanded to a divided highway between Marlow Heights and Silver Hill in the early 1970s, around its interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) and I-495 in the early 1980s, and around MD 210 in Oxon Hill in the late 1980s. MD 414 was reconstructed around MD 210 again in the mid-2000s with the construction of National Harbor and the new Woodrow Wilson Bridge.
Makhmud Muradov
Makhmud Muradov (born February 8, 1990) is an Uzbek professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Middleweight division of Oktagon MMA, where he is the interim Middleweight Champion. He formerly comepeted in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Middleweight (MMA)
The middleweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's middleweight division, which groups competitors within 171 to 185 lb (77.5 to 84 kg)

The Shooto's middleweight class, which refers to competitors between 155 and 170 lb (70.3 and 77.1 kg)

The ONE Championship's middleweight division follows the Pride FC model, with an upper limit of 93 kg (205 lb)

The Road FC's  middleweight division, with an upper limit of 185 lb (84 kg)
Titanacris albipes
Titanacris albipes, the purple-winged grasshopper, is a large species of South American grasshopper in the family Romaleidae. This species lives in the canopy of the Amazon rainforest and also extends into the Cerrado region in gallery forest. It is often attracted to artificial light during the night.

Adult males are generally 6.5–8 cm (2.6–3.1 in) long and females 9.5–11 cm (3.7–4.3 in) long. Both sexes are primarily deep green and most of their wings are uniformly purple, which is conspicuous in flight and separates them from all other Titanacris species that have extensive red, orange-red or pink to their wings.

Romaleidae
The Romaleidae or lubber grasshoppers are a family of grasshoppers, based on the type genus Romalea.  The species in this family can be found in the Americas. It is known to be polyphagous, but there is not much else known regarding its diet. The descriptive "lubber" is nautical slang for a big and clumsy person, referring to this grasshopper's limited or nonexistent ability to fly, seemingly clumsy and narrow range of movement, and relatively large size.
Warren Landing, Manitoba
Warren Landing is a small community in Manitoba, Canada. It is located at the northern end of Lake Winnipeg on Big Mossy Point, where the Nelson River originates.

The settlement is served by floatplane, since there is no airstrip. A winter road connects the settlement west to Grand Rapids, Manitoba. The nearest other community is Norway House, located approximately 30 kilometers north.

Warren Landing was named after Hudson's Bay Company gentleman John Warren, who was seriously wounded during the Red River Rebellion and died in the settlement. He was buried with military honors. A fish station, largest of the lake, was also located in Warren Landing. The settlement was also the northernmost dock for many Lake Winnipeg steamboats.

Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg (French: Lac Winnipeg) is a 24,514-square-kilometre (9,465-square-mile) lake in North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Its southern end is about 55 kilometres (34 miles) north of the namesake city, Winnipeg. It is the 12th largest lake on Earth, Canada's sixth-largest freshwater lake, and the third-largest freshwater lake contained entirely within Canada. It is relatively shallow, with a mean depth of 12 metres [39 feet]. Its deepest section is a narrow 36-metre (118-foot) deep channel between the northern and southern basins.

The lake's east side has pristine boreal forests and rivers that were inscribed in 2018 as Pimachiowin Aki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The lake is 416 km (258 mi) from north to south, with remote sandy beaches, large limestone cliffs, and many bat caves in some areas. Manitoba Hydro uses the lake as one of the largest reservoirs in the world. There are many islands, most of them undeveloped.
Lengwil railway station
Lengwil railway station (German: Bahnhof Lengwil) is a railway station in the municipality of Lengwil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Wil–Kreuzlingen line of Thurbo, and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

Weinfelden railway station
Weinfelden railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Thurgau and the municipality of Weinfelden. The station is located on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway line, at its junctions with the Mittelthurgau-Bahn lines to Wil and Konstanz.

Weinfelden station is an intermediate stop on long-distance services from Brig to Romanshorn and Lucerne to Konstanz. It is also the terminus of Zurich S-Bahn services S24 and S30, together with services of the St. Gallen S-Bahn.

The railway station is linked with the Conny-Land animal theme park in Lipperswil via a bus line (833).
2018 World Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 55 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Budapest, Hungary on 25 and 26 October.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Eldaniz Azizli from Azerbaijan won the gold medal.

2018 World Wrestling Championships
The 2018 World Wrestling Championships were the 15th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and were held from 20 to 28 October in Budapest, Hungary.

Russia claimed 10 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals, its best ever overall result in the post-Soviet era. In Greco-Roman Wrestling Russian athletes showed the best ever result since 1990.
Athol Trollip
Roland Athol Price Trollip (born 12 March 1964) is a South African politician and provincial chairman of ActionSA in the Eastern Cape.

He currently serves as the Parliamentary Leader of ActionSA in the National Assembly.

He was previously a member of the Democratic Alliance (DA), serving as the Federal Chairperson of the DA from 2015 to 2019 and the Executive Mayor of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, serving from 2016 until he was unseated in a vote of no confidence in 2018.

Trollip has served as a member of the National Assembly and as a member of the Provincial Legislature of the Eastern Cape Province. He served as Parliamentary Leader of the opposition between 2009 and 2011. He was the provincial leader of the DA in the Eastern Cape from 2002 until he was replaced on 6 May 2017 by Nqaba Bhanga.

Mongameli Bobani
Mongameli Bobani (12 July 1968 – 11 November 2020) was a South African politician and lawyer. He served as the Executive Mayor of Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality from August 2018 until December 2019. He was previously the Deputy Executive Mayor and the Member of Mayoral Committee for Public Services.
Cabazon Dinosaurs
Cabazon Dinosaurs, formerly Claude Bell's Dinosaurs, is a roadside attraction in Cabazon, California, featuring two enormous, steel-and-concrete dinosaurs named Dinny the Dinosaur and Mr. Rex. Located just west of Palm Springs, the 150-foot-long (46 m) Brontosaurus and the 65-foot-tall (20 m) Tyrannosaurus rex are visible from the freeway to travelers passing by on Southern California's Interstate 10. The roadside dinosaurs are best known for their appearance in the film Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985).

Sculptor and theme park artist Claude Bell began construction of the dinosaurs in 1964 with the goal of attracting more customers to his nearby restaurant, the Wheel Inn (open from 1958 to 2013). Dinny and Mr. Rex were completed in 1975 and 1986, respectively. Bell died in 1988 at age 91 and his family sold the property in the mid-1990s.   The new ownership turned the attraction into a roadside creationist museum in 2005, but creationist material has since been removed.

Interstate 10 in California
Interstate 10 (I-10) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida. The segment of I-10 in California, also known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway, runs east from Santa Monica through Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Palm Springs before crossing into the state of Arizona. In the Greater Los Angeles area, it is known as the Santa Monica and San Bernardino freeways, linked by a short concurrency on I-5 (Golden State Freeway) at the East Los Angeles Interchange. I-10 also has parts designated as the Rosa Parks and Sonny Bono Memorial freeways. Some parts were also formerly designated as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. However, the California State Legislature removed this designation following the passage of a bill on August 31, 2022. I-10 is also known colloquially as "the 10" to Southern California residents (See also California English § Freeways).
Niamana, Ivory Coast
Niamana is a village in northwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Samango, Gbéléban Department, Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District.

Niamana was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Samango
Samango is a town in northwestern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Gbéléban Department in Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District.

Samango was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Samango was 11,215.
Allocnemis cyanura
Allocnemis cyanura is a species of white-legged damselfly in the family Platycnemididae.

The IUCN conservation status of Allocnemis cyanura is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2010.

Platycnemididae
The Platycnemididae are a family of damselflies.
They are known commonly as white-legged damselflies. There are over 400 species native to the Old World. The family is divided into several subfamilies.
Lao She Literary Award
The Lao She Literary Award (Lao She wenxue jiang 老舍文学奖) is named after the Chinese novelist Lao She, a writer and activist of 20th-century Chinese literature. The award is awarded to a Beijing writer every two to three years, recognising literary excellence in novels, novellas, drama, film, television, and radio. It is sponsored by the Lao She Literature Fund which was founded in 1988. The prize was established in 1999, and was first awarded in 2000. It is Beijing's highest prize for literature and the arts, and is one of the four major literary awards in China, alongside the Mao Dun Prize for Literature, Lu Xun Literary Prize, and the Cao Yu Prize for Playwriting (曹禺戏剧文学奖).

Mao Dun Literature Prize
The Mao Dun Literature Prize (Chinese: 茅盾文学奖; pinyin: Máo Dùn Wénxué Jiǎng) is an award for novels, established in the will of prominent Chinese writer Mao Dun (for which he personally donated 250,000 RMB) and sponsored by the China Writers Association.  Awarded every four years, it is one of the most prestigious literature prizes in China. It was first awarded in 1982.
Alcide De Gasperi
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (Italian: [alˈtʃiːde de ˈɡasperi]; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.

De Gasperi was the last prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy, serving under both Victor Emmanuel III and Umberto II. He was also the first prime minister of the Italian Republic, and also briefly served as provisional head of state after the Italian people voted to end the monarchy and establish a republic. His eight-year term in office remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics. De Gasperi is the fifth longest-serving prime minister since the Risorgimento.

A devout Catholic, he was one of the founding fathers of the European Union along with fellow Italian Altiero Spinelli.

Treaty of Paris between Italy and the Allied Powers
The Treaty of Paris between Italy and the Allied Powers was signed on 10 February 1947, formally ending World War II hostilities between the parties. It came into general effect on 15 September 1947.

The transfer of several territories in the eastern Adriatic that Italy had obtained following the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920 and the Treaty of Rome in 1924 was penalized, and the Free Territory of Trieste was established. A few territories were transferred to France. Italy renounced its colonial and overseas possessions, officially recognized Ethiopia and Albania as independent, and was required to pay war reparations. All Italian fascist organisations were to be banned.
Bety Nelly Andrés de Levingston
Bety Nelly Andrés Llana de Levingston (born 4 May 1926) is an Argentine socialite who briefly served as First Lady of Argentina between June 1970 and March 1971 as the wife of de facto President Roberto Levingston.

First ladies and gentlemen of Argentina
First Lady or First Gentleman of Argentina (Spanish: Primera dama o Primer caballero de Argentina), also known as First Lady or First Gentleman of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Primera dama o Primer caballero de la Nación Argentina), is a title typically held by the spouse of the president of Argentina, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of Argentina. The First Lady of Argentina is the hostess of the Quinta de Olivos, and on special occasions of the Casa Rosada.
HD 212710
HD 212710 is a star in Cepheus with an apparent magnitude of 5.258 and a spectral type of B9.5 Vn, indicating that it is a B-type main sequence star, giving it a blue hue. It is about 254 light-years away from the Solar System. It has about 2.61 times the mass of the Sun, 2.387 times the radius of the Sun and is 53.79 times as luminous.

Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.
Septembrine Conspiracy
The Septembrine Conspiracy was an attempted assassination of Simón Bolívar when he was president of Gran Colombia. It occurred in Bogotá on September 25, 1828. Three dozen attackers, commanded by Commander Pedro Carujo, forcefully entered the Presidential Palace at midnight. After killing the guards, they went to Bolívar's room. Bolívar managed to escape through the window with the help of his partner Manuela Sáenz. In the trials that followed the attack, his main opponent, General Francisco de Paula Santander, was condemned to death, but Bolívar spared his life and exiled him instead. The events influenced the disintegration of Gran Colombia three years later.

Rafael Urdaneta
Rafael José Urdaneta y Farías (October 24, 1788 – August 23, 1845) was a Venezuelan general and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence. After overthrowing President Joaquín Mosquera in a 1830 military coup, he served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831 when he was overthrown by José María Obando and José Hilario López. He was an ardent supporter of Simón Bolívar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies.
Social philosophy
Social philosophy is the study and interpretation of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. Social philosophers emphasize understanding the social contexts for political, legal, moral and cultural questions, and the development of novel theoretical frameworks, from social ontology to care ethics to cosmopolitan theories of democracy, natural law, human rights, gender equity and global justice.

Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all human beings are members of a single community. Its adherents are known as cosmopolitan or cosmopolite. Cosmopolitanism is both prescriptive and aspirational, believing humans can and should be "world citizens" in a "universal community". The idea encompasses different dimensions and avenues of community, such as promoting universal moral standards, establishing global political structures, or developing a platform for mutual cultural expression and tolerance.

For example, Kwame Anthony Appiah articulates a cosmopolitan community where individuals from varying locations (physical, economic, etc.) enter relationships of mutual respect despite their differing beliefs (religious, political, etc.). In a looser but related sense, "cosmopolitan" is also used to describe places where people of various ethnic, cultural and/or religious backgrounds live together and interact with each other.
Multivariate kernel density estimation
Kernel density estimation is a nonparametric technique for  density estimation i.e., estimation of probability density functions, which is one of the fundamental questions in statistics. It can be viewed as a generalisation of histogram density estimation with improved statistical properties. Apart from histograms, other types of density estimators include parametric, spline, wavelet and Fourier series. Kernel density estimators were first introduced in the scientific literature for univariate data in the 1950s and 1960s and subsequently have been widely adopted. It was soon recognised that analogous estimators for multivariate data would be an important addition to multivariate statistics. Based on research carried out in the 1990s and 2000s, multivariate kernel density estimation has reached a level of maturity comparable to its univariate counterparts.

Nonparametric statistics
Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied. Often these models are infinite-dimensional, rather than finite dimensional, as in parametric statistics. Nonparametric statistics can be used for descriptive statistics or statistical inference. Nonparametric tests are often used when the assumptions of parametric tests are evidently violated.
Joss House Bay
Joss House Bay, also known as Tai Miu Wan, is near the south end of Clear Water Bay Peninsula in Hong Kong. The Cantonese name Tai Miu Wan means "the bay of large temple" after the oldest Tin Hau Temple in Hong Kong. This is also a popular place for fishing enthusiasts.

Clear Water Bay Peninsula
Clear Water Bay Peninsula (Chinese: 清水灣半島), is a peninsula in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong. The peninsula separates Junk Bay from Port Shelter. The highest accessible point is the summit of High Junk Peak.
New York City Marshal
New York City Marshals are civil litigation enforcement officers of New York City who are appointed by the mayor to five-year terms. They are independent public officers and do not collect a salary during their tenure in office. By law, no more than 83 city marshals may be appointed by a mayor.

Marshals primarily enforce orders from civil court cases, including collecting on judgments, seizing property, and carrying out evictions. Marshals are regulated by the Mayor's Committee on New York City Marshals and the Department of Investigation. Marshals perform similar civil enforcement duties that are performed by deputy sheriffs of the New York City Sheriff's Office, but unlike the deputy sheriffs, they are not city employees. On an annual basis, city marshals must pay the city of New York $1,500 plus 4.5 percent of the fees they receive for collecting judgments.

New York City Department of Investigation
The New York City Department of Investigation (DOI) is a law enforcement agency of the government of New York City that serves as an independent and nonpartisan watchdog for New York City government. Established in 1873, it is one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the country.