hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bydgoszcz dialect
The Bydgoszcz dialect (Polish: gwara bydgoska) is an urban subdialect (gwara miejska) of the Polish language characteristic of the inhabitants of the city of Bydgoszcz (German: Bromberg). It belongs to the northern part of the Greater Poland dialect group and developed in a transitional linguistic zone, bordering dialect areas of Kuyavia to the south, Kociewie and Bory Tucholskie from the north, Chełmno-Dobrzyń from the east, and Krajna as well as Northern Greater Poland (Pałuki) from the west. The dialect is slowly losing many features and replacing them with those from Standard Polish.

Kociewie dialect
The Kociewie dialect (Polish: gwara Kociewska) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the northern part of Poland. It borders the Bory Tucholskie dialect to the northwest, the Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect to the south, the Kashubian language to the north, and the Masovian Lubawa dialect to the northeast. Due to its position, the Kociewie dialect sometimes shares more features with Masovian dialects than with Greater Polish dialects, and is usually considered a transitional dialect, and some Kashubian influence can also be seen.
Joffre Peak
Joffre Peak is a 2,721-metre (8,927-foot) mountain summit located in the Coast Mountains, in Joffre Lakes Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is the second-highest point of the Joffre Group, which is a subset of the Lillooet Ranges. It is situated 26 km (16 mi) east of Pemberton and 11 km (7 mi) northeast of Lillooet Lake. Joffre is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation as topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 1,500 meters (4,920 ft) above Cayoosh Creek in 4 km (2.5 mi). The nearest higher peak is Mount Matier, 1.6 km (1 mi) to the south. The mountain's climate supports the Matier Glacier on the southwest slope, and the Anniversary Glacier on the southeast slope. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Joffre Creek and Cayoosh Creek which are both within the Fraser River watershed.

Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.
Gmina Serniki
Gmina Serniki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Serniki, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Lubartów and 22 km (14 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 75.43 square kilometres (29.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,833 (4,906 in 2015).

Lubartów
Lubartów (Polish pronunciation: [luˈbartuf]) is a town in eastern Poland, with 23,000 inhabitants (2004), situated in Lublin Voivodeship. It is the capital of Lubartów County and the Lubartów Commune. Historically it belongs to Lesser Poland.

Lubartów was established in 1543 by Piotr Firlej under a founding order issued by King Sigismund the Old.

The town is located 26 kilometres (16 miles) north of Lublin, on the Wieprz river, on the border between two geographical regions of Poland - Lublin Upland, and South Podlasie Lowland. Near Lubartów, the Kozłówka Landscape Park (Kozłowiecki Park Krajobrazowy) is located. The town is the 10th largest urban center of the voivodeship, and its area is 13.92 square kilometres (5.37 sq mi).
Pygmalion of Tyre
Pygmalion (Ancient Greek: Πυγμαλίων, romanized: Pugmalíōn; Latin: Pygmalion) was king of Tyre from 831 to 785 BCE and a son of King Mattan I (840–832 BC).

During Pygmalion's reign, Tyre seems to have shifted the heart of its trading empire from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, as can be judged from the building of new colonies including Kition on Cyprus, Sardinia (see Nora Stone discussion below), and, according to tradition, Carthage. For the story surrounding the founding of Carthage, see Dido.

Frank Moore Cross
Frank Moore Cross Jr. (July 13, 1921 – October 16, 2012) was the Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, notable for his work in the interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, his 1973 magnum opus Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, and his work in Northwest Semitic epigraphy. Many of his essays on the latter topic have since been collected in Leaves from an Epigrapher's Notebook.
Western Naval Base (Ukraine)
Western Naval Base is the current main naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine located in Odesa along the northwest coast of the Black Sea. It is one of two active naval bases of the Ukrainian Navy along with the Azov Naval Base in Berdyansk. Until 2014, Ukraine also operated the Southern Naval Base and Main Naval Base in Sevastopol.

The Western Naval Base was formerly a base of the Soviet Navy.

Azov naval base (Ukraine)
Azov Naval Base was the new naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine located in Berdiansk along the northern coast of the Azov Sea. The city and the base were captured by Russian forces on 27 February 2022 during the Southern Ukraine campaign, part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Revolt of the Barretinas
The Revolt of the Barretines (Catalan: Revolta dels Barretines; Eastern Calatan: [rəˈβɔltə ðəlz βərəˈtinəs]) also known as the Revolt of the Gorretes, was a Catalan rebellion fought against the government of King Charles II of Spain. The most salient complaint was against the government's quartering of soldiers. Other issues of contention were tax protests and Catalan nationalistic tensions.  The revolt was funded and intensified by agents of France as part of the War of the Grand Alliance. Civil disorder lasted from 1687 to 1689.

Support for the revolt was concentrated in rural areas, particularly the poor.  The only members of the elite who supported the revolt were wealthy commoners from the countryside. The city of Barcelona, merchants, the intelligentsia, and the local government bodies were largely unsympathetic.

Roussillon
Roussillon (UK: /ˈruːsijɒn/ ROO-see-yon, US: /ˌruːsiˈjoʊn/ ROO-see-YOHN, French: [ʁusijɔ̃] ⓘ; Catalan: Rosselló [rusəˈʎo] ⓘ, locally [rusiˈʎu]; Occitan: Rosselhon [ruseˈʎu]) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of Northern Catalonia or French Catalonia (the former used by Catalan-speakers and the latter used by French-speakers), corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (with Roussillon, Upper Cerdagne, Capcir, Vallespir, Conflent, and Fenouillèdes) in the former region of Languedoc-Roussillon (today Occitanie).
Rojava–Islamist conflict
The Rojava–Islamist conflict, a major theater in the Syrian civil war, started after fighting erupted between the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and Islamist rebel factions in the city of Ras al-Ayn. Kurdish forces launched a campaign in an attempt to take control of the Islamist-controlled areas in the governorate of al-Hasakah and some parts of Raqqa and Aleppo governorates after al-Qaeda in Syria used those areas to attack the YPG. The Kurdish groups and their allies' goal was also to capture Kurdish areas from the Arab Islamist rebels and strengthen the autonomy of the region of Rojava. The Syrian Democratic Forces would go on to take substantial territory from Islamist groups, in particular the Islamic State (IS), provoking Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.

Jindires
Jindires (Arabic: جنديرس; Kurdish: Cindirês or Cindirêsê) is a town in northern Syria in the Afrin District of the Aleppo Governorate. It is located on the Afrin River, 68.4 kilometres (42.5 mi) northwest by road from Aleppo and 20.9 kilometres (13.0 mi) southwest of Afrin. Nearby localities include Deir Ballut and Bayadah to the southwest, Zahra to the northwest, Kafr Safra to the north, Afrin to the northeast and Burj Abdullah to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jindires had a population of 13,661 in the 2004 census. It was captured by the Turkish Military and its proxy, the "Syrian National Army" in March 2018. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham temporarily took control of the town in October 2022 and March 2023.
Matteo Brighi
Matteo Brighi (Italian pronunciation: [matˈtɛːo ˈbriːɡi]; born 14 February 1981) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

Regarded as one of Italy's most talented prospects in his early career, Brighi was named Serie A Young Footballer of the Year in 2002.

2002 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2002 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by Juventus, the 2001–02 Serie A winner, and Parma, the 2001–02 Coppa Italia winner.
It was the fifth appearance for Juventus (2 victories in 1995 and 1997) and the fourth for Parma (victory in 1999). The teams had already faced each other in the 1995 Supercoppa.
The match was played in Tripoli, Libya and was only the second Supercoppa Italiana to be played outside of Italy, after the 1993 edition in the United States.
Company Pictures
Company Pictures is a British television production company which has produced drama programming for many broadcasters. It was set up in 1998 by Charles Pattinson and George Faber, colleagues at BBC Films. Their first film was Morvern Callar, which was credited as a co-production with BBC Films as they had begun developing it while still employed there. In 2003 Company Pictures became part of All3Media.

In 2012, founders Pattinson and Faber left Company Pictures to set up another independent production company, and  John Yorke became managing director until 2015. He was succeeded by Michele Buck, former joint managing director of Mammoth Screen.

For both artistic and fiscal reasons, when producing the TV series The White Queen, Company Pictures entered into collaboration with a Flemish production house. This enabled them to film in the medieval cities of Ghent and Bruges, while receiving tax-breaks as a European co-production and for investment in Flanders.

Mammoth Screen
Mammoth Screen Limited is a UK-based production company that was established in 2007 by Michele Buck and Damien Timmer. It produces drama for key UK broadcasters, especially ITV, and international distribution.

ITV announced on 1 June 2015 that it had acquired Mammoth Screen, which is now part of ITV Studios.
Doktor und Apotheker
Doktor und Apotheker (Doctor and Apothecary) is a German-language two-act singspiel by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, with a libretto by Johann Gottlieb Stephanie the Younger, based on the anonymous French comedy L'apothicaire de Murcie (The Apothecary of Murcie). Although rarely heard now, Doktor und Apotheker was one of the most popular operas of its day, for a time eclipsing performances of Mozart's operas in Vienna. A contemporary press called the opera "a true masterpiece of art", praising the originality of Dittersdorf's music. With its incorporation of the Singspiel with sophisticated elements of Italian opera, it was also a watershed moment in the development of German comic opera, helping point the way to the development of German national opera and in particular of Viennese operetta. It is considered the composer's masterpiece and premiered on 11 July 1786 at the k. u. k. National-Theater in Vienna.

Singspiel
A Singspiel (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪŋʃpiːl] ⓘ; plural: Singspiele; lit. 'sing-play') is a form of German-language music drama, now regarded as a genre of opera. It is characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil.
Aloha Tower Marketplace
The Aloha Tower Marketplace is an open-air mixed-use complex in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. It opened in 1994 as a festival marketplace. Located at the Honolulu Harbor, the Aloha Tower Marketplace includes several national historic landmarks including the Aloha Tower, Falls of Clyde and Hawaiʻi Maritime Center.

Aloha Tower
The Aloha Tower is a retired lighthouse that is considered one of the landmarks of the state of Hawaii in the United States. Opened on September 11, 1926, at a cost of $160,000 ($2,805,206 in 2024), the Aloha Tower is located at Pier 9 of Honolulu Harbor. It has been, and continues to be, a guiding beacon welcoming vessels to the City and County of Honolulu. Just as the Statue of Liberty greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants each year to New York City, the Aloha Tower greeted hundreds of thousands of immigrants to Honolulu. At 10 stories and 184 feet (56 m) of height topped with 40 feet (12 m) of flag mast, for four decades the Aloha Tower was the tallest structure in Hawaii. It was built in the Hawaiian Gothic architectural style.
Ungava (electoral district)
Ungava (French pronunciation: [uŋɡava]) is a provincial electoral district in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It includes all of the Nord-du-Québec region (which is also a single census division) except for the Naskapi village municipality of Kawawachikamach.

It covers the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec and notably includes the municipalities and communities of Chibougamau, Chisasibi, Mistissini, Kuujjuaq, Eeyou Istchee Baie James, Waskaganish, Puvirnituq, Lebel-sur-Quévillon, Inukjuak and Wemindji.

It was created for the 1981 election from Abitibi-Est and Abitibi-Ouest electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost the unorganized territories of Caniapiscau and Lac-Juillet (in Côte-Nord region) to Duplessis electoral district.

Abitibi-Ouest (electoral district)
Abitibi-Ouest is a provincial electoral district in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It notably includes the municipalities of Amos, La Sarre, Macamic, Barraute, Palmarolle, Trécesson, Sainte-Germaine-Boulé and Dupuy.

The riding was created for the 1944 election from a part of Abitibi.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, Abitibi-Ouest gained the municipality of Barraute, as well as the part of the unorganized territory of Lac-Despinassy that it did not already have, from Abitibi-Est.
1905 Detroit Tigers season
1905 was the fifth year for the Detroit Tigers in the American League. The team finished in third place with a record of 79–74 (.516), 151⁄2 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics.

The 1905 Tigers posted a run differential of -97, the lowest ever by a team with a winning record, breaking the previous record of -81 held by the 1882 Detroit Wolverines; the Tigers lost 48 games by 3 or more runs.

Run differential
In baseball, run differential is a cumulative team statistic that combines offensive and defensive scoring. Run differential is calculated by subtracting runs allowed from runs scored.

Run differential is positive when a team scores more runs than it allows; it is negative when a team allows more runs than it scores. Non-zero run differentials are normally expressed with leading plus and minus signs.
Salvador Abcede
Col. Salvador Abcede (September 6, 1913 – August 19, 1982),  a Philippine Army Officer and was the leader of the anti-Japanese guerrilla group on Negros.: 110  during Japanese Occupation and commander of 20th Battalion Combat Team who fought in the Korean War.

BRP Salvador Abcede
BRP Salvador Abcede (PC-114) was a Tomas Batilo-class fast attack craft of the Philippine Navy. It was part of the first batch transferred by the South Korean government on 15 June 1995, and arrived in the Philippines in August 1995. It was commissioned with the Philippine Navy on 22 May 1996.
Gogarloch
Gogarloch is a residential area within South Gyle, Edinburgh, Scotland. It lies near South Gyle railway station and South Gyle Broadway, 4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) west of the city centre. Corstorphine and Wester Broom are nearby.

Historically this area was marshland (hence 'loch' in the name) but the land was drained in the 19th century to create space for a new railway. Most of the housing is of the 1990s era.

Other lost lochs of Edinburgh include the Nor Loch and Burgh Loch on the site of the present day Meadows area.

Wester Broom
Wester Broom is a district of Edinburgh, Scotland. It borders Broomhouse/Forrester, Corstorphine and South Gyle. It is sometimes considered to be part of one of the latter two. It is mainly residential, with a few small shops and a large Tesco nearby. The Fife railway line is arguably the boundary, although some will extend it south to the Glasgow line, and to include Forresters and two schools.
Albert Parsons
Albert Richard Parsons (June 20, 1848 – November 11, 1887) was an American left-wing newspaper editor, orator, and labor activist. As a teenager, he served in the military force of the Confederate States of America in Texas, during the American Civil War. After the war, he settled in there, and became an activist for the rights of the formerly enslaved, and later a Republican official during Reconstruction. With his wife Lucy Parsons, he then moved to Chicago in 1873 and worked in newspapers. There he became interested in the rights of workers. In 1884, he began editing The Alarm newspaper. In 1887, Parsons was one of four Chicago radical leaders controversially convicted of conspiracy and hanged following a bomb attack on police remembered as the Haymarket affair.

Eight-Hour Leagues
Eight Hour Leagues were local, city, and state labor-reform organizations in the United States that campaigned for the eight-hour workday. They emerged during and immediately after the American Civil War and spread rapidly in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The best-documented leagues include the Grand Eight-Hour League of Massachusetts associated with Ira Steward; Chicago's Grand Eight Hour League; the Boston Eight-Hour League; and a large Eight Hour League in New York City during the 1872 strike.

The leagues popularized the eight-hour demand as a national labor reform objective by coordinating local agitation, legislative petitions, and strike support. Their organizational model influenced later campaigns even after many leagues collapsed in the 1870s, and the eight-hour cause revived in new forms in the 1880s.
Fort La Tour
Fort La Tour (originally Fort Sainte-Marie) was a fortified fur-trading post established in 1631 at Portland Point in present-day Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, at the mouth of the Saint John River where it empties into the Bay of Fundy. It was built in 1631 by Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, Governor of Acadia.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Etlingera araneosa
Etlingera araneosa is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by John Gilbert Baker, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera araneosa is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Etlingera
Etlingera is a genus of Indo-Pacific herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, consisting of more than 100 species found in tropical regions of Afro-Eurasia.

Some of the larger species have leafy shoots reaching almost 10 metres high, and the bases of these shoots are so stout as to seem almost woody.  Others of the species grow as clumps of leafy shoots; while others have such long creeping rhizomes that each of their leafy shoots can be more than a metre apart.

Unique and distinctive to all Etlingera is a tube forming above the point where the base of the flowers petals joins onto the plant (i.e. above the  insertion of the  corolla lobes).
Pårup railway halt
Pårup halt is a railway halt serving the small settlement of Pårup near Gilleleje in North Zealand, Denmark.

Pårup halt is located on the Gribskov Line from Hillerød to Gilleleje. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Lokaltog which runs frequent local train services between Hillerød station and Gilleleje station.

The station was opened in 1896 with the opening of the Græsted-Gilleleje section of the Gribskov Line. The original station building was designed by architect Heinrich Wenck. The station building was torn down in 1984.

Hillerød railway station
Hillerød station (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhiləˌʁœðˀ stæˈɕoˀn]) is a railway station serving the city of Hillerød north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

It is the terminus of four railways lines:

An S-train line (Nordbanen) from Copenhagen, operated by DSB

Frederiksværkbanen, operated by Lokaltog

Gribskovbanen, operated by Lokaltog

Lille Nord towards Helsingør, operated by Lokaltog

Though there are track connections between the four railways, they are rarely used. Each has its own dedicated dead-end platform tracks.

The bus terminal in front of the station is a major hub for transportation throughout northeastern Zealand.
2024 Tennessee elections
Tennessee state elections in 2024 were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. Primary elections for the United States Senate, United States House of Representatives, Tennessee Senate, and Tennessee House of Representatives, as well as various judicial retention elections, including the election of a Tennessee Supreme Court justice, were held on August 1, 2024.

Tennessee Democratic Party
The Tennessee Democratic Party (TNDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Tennessee. The party was founded in 1826 initially as the Jacksonian Party. The Tennessee Democratic Party was born out of President Andrew Jackson's populist philosophy of Jacksonian democracy in the mid to late-1820s. After Jackson left office, the Democratic Party struggled in the state as the Whig Party would go on to be the dominant party in Tennessee until its collapse after the 1852 Election. Prior to the Civil War, as a result of the collapse of the former Whig Party, the Democratic Party became the dominant party in the state. After the war ended, the Republican Party would be the dominant political party during Reconstruction, but once Reconstruction ended, the Democratic Party would dominate Tennessee Politics up until 2011 when the Republican Party would gain firm control of Tennessee State Government.
Kynurenine—glyoxylate transaminase
In enzymology, a kynurenine-glyoxylate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.63) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

L-kynurenine + glyoxylate  4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + glycine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-kynurenine and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate and glycine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-kynurenine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (cyclizing). This enzyme is also called kynurenine-glyoxylate aminotransferase.

Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in the synthesis of amino acids, which form proteins.

Two important transaminase enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT), are commonly used as indicators of liver and cardiac health.