hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Botswana national football team
The Botswana national football team (Tswana: Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana) represents Botswana in men's international association football. It is governed by the Botswana Football Association (BFA) which was founded in 1970.

As of December 2025, the team has qualified for two editions of Africa Cup of Nations, in 2012 and 2025, and it has not managed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. The team also participates in the regional COSAFA Cup which is open to Southern African national teams and takes place annually; Botswana's best result in the cup to date is finishing runners-up in the 2016 and 2019 editions.

Egypt national football team
The Egypt national football team (Egyptian Arabic: منتخب مصر لكرة القدم), nicknamed The Pharaohs (Egyptian Arabic: الفراعنة), represents Egypt in men's international football, and is governed by the Egyptian Football Association (EFA), the governing body of football in Egypt.

Egypt is Africa's oldest national football team and has won the Africa Cup of Nations a record seven times. The team has made three appearances in the FIFA World Cup and was the first-ever African and Middle Eastern team to make such an appearance.

Internationally, Egypt earned the honour of becoming a bronze medalist at the 2001 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Argentina.
Arapaho language
Arapaho (endonym: Hinónoʼeitíít), also spelled Arapahoe, is one of the Plains Algonquian languages, closely related to Gros Ventre and other Arapahoan languages. It is spoken by the Arapaho of Wyoming and Oklahoma. Speakers of Arapaho primarily live on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming, though some have affiliation with the Cheyenne living in western Oklahoma.

Obviative
Within linguistics, obviative (abbreviated OBV) third person is a grammatical-person marking that distinguishes a referent that is less important to the discourse from one that is more important (proximate). The obviative is sometimes referred to as the "fourth person".
Kveøya
Kveøya is an island in Kvæfjord Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the Kvæfjorden, an arm of the Gullesfjorden. The island sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) southwest of the village of Borkenes. In 2010, the Kveøy Bridge was completed, connecting the village of Hundstad on the island to a point just west of the village of Straumen on the main island of Hinnøya.

The island is considered as very favorable to farming, with large farms located on southern and western sides. The northern and eastern sides of the island are steep and mountainous. There are no buildings or fertile ground on that part of the island. The highest point on the island is the 267-metre (876 ft) tall Hilderkleiva.

Historically, the island's name was spelled Kvæøya, but in 2017, Kartverket formally changed the spelling to Kveøya.

Gullesfjorden
Gullesfjorden (Norwegian) or Gollevuotna (Northern Sami) is a fjord that cuts into the island of Hinnøya in Troms county, Norway. It is located mostly within Kvæfjord Municipality, although a small part in the northwestern part of the fjord lies in Sortland Municipality in Nordland county. The inner head of the ford is known as Gullesfjordbotn.

The 35-kilometre (22 mi) long fjord is one of three which branch off of the main Andfjorden on the north side of Hinnøya. The other two branches are the Godfjorden and Kvæfjorden. The Gullesfjorden has a smaller feeder fjord entering from the southwest called Austerfjorden.
Matrix congruence
In mathematics, two square matrices A and B over a field are called congruent if there exists an invertible matrix P  over the same field such that

PTAP = B

where "T" denotes the matrix transpose.  Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation.

Matrix congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space: two matrices are congruent if and only if they represent the same bilinear form with respect to different bases.

Note that Halmos defines congruence in terms of conjugate transpose (with respect to a complex inner product space) rather than transpose, but this definition has not been adopted by most other authors.

Square matrix
In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.

Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if  is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and  is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product  yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If  is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using , where  is the transpose of .
Porchcrawler
A porchcrawler, also known as a porchclimb, is a mixed drink made primarily of beer, a liquor, and a sweetening agent (for instance, lemonade concentrate). The most common liquors for the drink are vodka, gin, rum or whiskey. The final product is generally a highly-alcoholic, carbonated punch with a fruity taste and a light pink or yellow color. It is typically served from a large cooler of ice and is especially popular with North American college students.

Punch (drink)
The term punch refers to a wide assortment of drinks, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, generally containing fruits or fruit juice. The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in the late 17th century. Punch is usually served at parties in large, wide bowls, known as punch bowls.

In the United States, federal regulations provide the word "punch" to describe commercial beverage products that do not contain fruit or fruit juice.  The term is used to label artificially flavored beverages, with or without natural flavorings, which do not contain fruit juice or concentrate in significant proportions. Thus a product labeled as "fruit punch" may contain no fruit ingredients at all.
Banana Pancake Trail
"Banana Pancake Trail" or "Banana Pancake Circuit" is the name given to growing routes around Southeast Asia, and to some extent South Asia, travelled by backpackers and other tourists. The trail has no clear geographical definition, but is used as a metaphor for places that are popular among Western tourists.

Backpacking (travel)
Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent travel, which often includes staying in inexpensive lodgings and carrying all necessary possessions in a backpack. Once seen as a marginal form of travel undertaken only through necessity, it has become a mainstream form of tourism.

While backpacker tourism is generally a form of youth travel, primarily undertaken by young people during gap years, it is also undertaken by older people during holidays, a career break, or at retirement, or by digital nomads, as part of a minimalist lifestyle. As such, backpackers can be of any age, but are typically aged 18 to 30.
Mikko Lahtio
Mikko Antti Juhani Lahtio (born September 21, 1984 in Loppi) is a Finnish middle-distance runner, who specialized in the 800 metres. Lahtio represented Finland at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 800 metres. He ran in the eighth heat against seven other competitors, including Cuba's Yeimer López and Algeria's Nabil Madi, who both reached into the final round. He finished the race in last place by thirty-two hundredths of a second behind Morocco's Yassine Bensghir, with a time of 1:47.20. Lahtio, however, failed to advance into the semi-finals, as he placed twenty-seventh overall and was ranked farther below two mandatory slots for the next round.

Lahtio is a graduate of construction engineering at HAMK University of Applied Sciences in Hämeenlinna. He is also a full-time member of Helsingin Kisa-Veikot, a local track and field club in Helsinki, and has been coached all through his career by his father Olavi.

Yeimer López
Yeimer López García (born August 28, 1982, in Buey Arriba, Granma) is a middle-distance runner from Cuba, who represented his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2004.

He is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's 800 metres at the 2007 Pan American Games in Brazil. López is the twin brother (fraternal) of female sprinter Ana López.
Rhytiphora subregularis
Rhytiphora subregularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, subfamily Lamiinae, and tribe Pteropliini. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1973 based on a specimen from Queensland, Australia.

Lamiinae
Lamiinae, commonly called flat-faced longhorns, are a subfamily of the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). The subfamily includes over 750 genera, rivaled in diversity within the family only by the subfamily Cerambycinae.
1898 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1898 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1898, in order to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. Republican nominee Lyndon A. Smith defeated Democratic-People's nominee and candidate for Lieutenant Governor in the 1896 election James Madison Bowler, Prohibition nominee Addison H. Gilmore and Midroad Populist nominee and former member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota's 5th district Kittel Halvorson.

1896 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1896 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1896, in order to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent member of the Minnesota House of Representatives John L. Gibbs defeated Democratic-People's nominee James Madison Bowler and Prohibition nominee Clarence Wedge.
Amojjar Pass
20°30′N 13°00′W﻿ / ﻿20.5°N 13.0°W﻿ / 20.5; -13.0

Amojjar Pass is a mountain pass in the Adrar Plateau in the centre of Adrar, near Atar, Mauritania. The pink-brown sandstone of the pass was worn away by repeated cycles of extreme dryness interrupted by torrential rain. The bases of the steep valley walls are covered in scree, loosed by the erosion of the rainfall. There is little plant life in the pass. Acacias are a notable exception, as they are resistant to drought.

Amojjar Pass is an important link for ground transportation in Mauritania because it provides a somewhat protected roadway connecting Mauritania's capital, Nouakchott, with other important locations such as Ouadane and Chinguetti.

The Neolithic rock paintings of Agrour Amogjar are near the pass, northeast of Atar at 20°35′N 12°45′W﻿ / ﻿20.583°N 12.750°W﻿ / 20.583; -12.750.

Adrar region
Adrar (Arabic: ولاية أدرار, romanized: Wilāyat Adrār) is a large administrative region in Mauritania, named for the Adrar Plateau. The capital is Atar. Other major towns include Choum, Chinguetti and Ouadane. The region borders Western Sahara and the Mauritanian region of Tiris Zemmour to the north, Mali and the Mauritanian region of Hodh Ech Chargui to the east, the Mauritanian regions of Trarza and Tagant to the south and the Mauritanian region of Inchiri to the west.

As of 2013, the population of the region was 62,658, compared to 77,812 in 2011. There were 49.19 per cent females and 50.81 per cent males. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 50.30%.  The total net enrolment ratio at secondary level was 7.10%. As of 2008, the activity rate was 48.20% and economic dependency ratio was 0.84.
Fernando Chica Arellano
Fernando Chica Arellano (born 24 June 1963) is a Spanish priest of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 2002. He has been the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since 2015.

Mengíbar
Mengíbar is municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. The municipality has a total area of 62.34 km2 and, as of 1 January 2022, it has a registered population of 9,965.
Sudip Chattopadhyay
Sudip Chattopadhyay (born 1 August 1960) is an Indian developmental biologist, biotechnologist and the dean of research and consultancy at the National Institute of Technology, Durgapur. Known for his studies on the molecular basis of light-controlled plant growth and development, Chattopadhyay is a J. C. Bose National Fellow of the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) and an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies namely Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2005.

University of Kalyani
The University of Kalyani, established in 1960, is a collegiate public research university located in Kalyani, West Bengal, India. It is administered by the Government of West Bengal, affiliated with the University Grants Commission (UGC), and accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with an "A" grade. The university offers academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels.
Contextual learning
Contextual learning is based on a constructivist theory of teaching and learning. Learning takes place when teachers are able to present information in such a way that students are able to construct meaning based on their own experiences. Contextual learning experiences include internships, service learning and study abroad programs.

Contextual learning has the following characteristics:

emphasizing problem solving

recognizing that teaching and learning need to occur in multiple contexts

assisting students in learning how to monitor their learning and thereby become self-regulated learners

anchoring teaching in the assumption that students' experiences differ

encouraging students to learn from each other

employing authentic assessment

Constructivism (philosophy of education)
Constructivism is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. Instead, they construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge. This theory originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
HD 83095
HD 83095 is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the Bayer designation H Carinae; HD 83095 is the identifier from the Henry Draper Catalogue. This object has an orange hue and is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.46. The star is located at a distance of approximately 740 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +14 km/s. It has an absolute magnitude of −1.45.

This is an aging K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4III, having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core then cooled and expanded off the main sequence. At present it has about 60 times the radius of the Sun and is radiating 826 times the Sun's luminosity from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,038 K.

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Bob Benoit
Bob Benoit (born July 21, 1954, in Topeka, Kansas) is a retired professional bowler in the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), who was active in the 1980s and 1990s. Over the course of his career, Benoit won four PBA Tour titles, all between 1988 and 1993.

Mark Roth
Mark Stephen Roth (April 10, 1951 – November 26, 2021) was an American professional bowler. He won 34 PBA Tour titles in his career (sixth most all-time), and is a member of the PBA and USBC Halls of Fame. Roth was most dominant from 1975 through 1987, a stretch in which he made 107 televised finals appearances, captured 33 titles, and won four PBA Player of the Year awards. He is also known for having been the first professional bowler to convert a 7–10 split on national television.
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983
Germany was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 with the song "Rücksicht", composed by Michael Reinecke, with lyrics by Volker Lechtenbrink, and performed by duo Hoffmann & Hoffmann. The German participating broadcaster on behalf of ARD, Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), selected their entry through a national final. In addition, BR was also the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle in Munich, after winning the previous edition with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" by Nicole.

Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.
Canna × ehemannii
Canna × ehemannii is an early cultivar of canna, believed to be a hybrid between Canna indica and Canna iridiflora. Its name is sometimes spelt Canna × ehemanii, although it has the English name Ehemann's canna. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The name is of doubtful standing, being treated as a "nomen subnudum" by, for example, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, meaning that it was published without an adequate description.

It has large leaves, and tall, arching stems, carrying drooping flowers of a reddish-purple colour from early summer onwards. It has been described as looking somewhat like a cross between a banana and a fuchsia.

Nomen nudum
In taxonomy, a nomen nudum ('naked name'; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is nomen tantum ("name only"). Sometimes, "nomina nuda" is erroneously considered a synonym for the term "unavailable names". However, not all unavailable names are nomina nuda which applies to published names, i.e. any published name that does not fulfill the requirements of Article 12 (if published before 1931) or Article 13 (if published after 1930). Similarly, a species might be published with a partial or incomplete description that is not enough to follow the rules of publication. This will be described as nomen subnudum (abbreviated nom. subnud.) or occasionally as seminudum.
Single colour reflectometry
Single colour reflectometry (SCORE), formerly known as imaging Reflectometric Interferometry (iRIf) and 1-lambda Reflectometry, is a physical method based on interference of monochromatic light at thin films, which is used to investigate (bio-)molecular interactions. The obtained binding curves using SCORE provide detailed information on kinetics and thermodynamics of the observed interaction(s) as well as on concentrations of the used analytes. These data can be relevant for pharmaceutical screening and drug design, biosensors and other biomedical applications, diagnostics, and cell-based assays.

Bio-layer interferometry
Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) is an optical biosensing technology that analyzes biomolecular interactions in real-time without the need for fluorescent labeling. Alongside surface plasmon resonance (SPR), BLI is one of few widely available label-free biosensing technologies, a detection style that yields more information in less time than traditional processes. The technology relies on the phase shift-wavelength correlation created between interference patterns off of two unique surfaces on the tip of a biosensor. BLI has significant applications in quantifying binding strength, measuring protein interactions, and identifying properties of reaction kinetics, such as rate constants and reaction rates.
Dalian K'un City F.C.
Dalian K'un City Football Club (Chinese: 大连鲲城足球俱乐部; pinyin: Dàlián Kūnchéng Zúqiú Jùlèbù) is a Chinese professional football club based in Dalian, Liaoning, that competes in China League One, the second tier of Chinese football. Dalian K'un City plays its home matches at the Jinzhou Stadium, located within Jinzhou District.

Jinzhou Stadium
The Jinzhou Stadium (Chinese: 金州体育场) is a multi-purpose stadium in Jinzhou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China. Currently it is mostly used for football matches. The stadium holds 30,776 people and was built in 1997. It is most famous for holding the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification for China.
Billy King (footballer, born 1994)
Billy King  (born 12 May 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Lowland League club Bonnyrigg Rose. He has previously played for Heart of Midlothian, Rangers, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United, Gillingham, Greenock Morton, St Patrick's Athletic, Northern Colorado Hailstorm and Arbroath, as well as representing Scotland up to under-21 level.

2024–25 Scottish League One
The 2024–25 Scottish League One (known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons) was the twelfth season of Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. The season began on 3 August 2024 and concluded on 3 May 2025.

Ten teams contested the league: Alloa Athletic, Annan Athletic, Arbroath, Cove Rangers, Dumbarton, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Kelty Hearts, Montrose, Queen of the South and Stenhousemuir.
Amirabad, Tolbozan
Amirabad (Persian: اميراباد, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Tolbozan Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 5 families.

Tolbozan Rural District
Tolbozan Rural District (Persian: دهستان تل بزان) is in Golgir District of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qasemabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rezaabad.
1826–1837 cholera pandemic
The second cholera pandemic (1826–1837), also known as the Asiatic cholera pandemic, was a cholera pandemic that reached from India across Western Asia to Europe, Great Britain, and the Americas, as well as east to China and Japan. Cholera caused more deaths than any other epidemic disease in the 19th century, and as such, researchers consider it a defining epidemic disease of the century. The medical community now believes cholera to be exclusively a human disease, spread through many means of travel during the time, and transmitted through warm fecal-contaminated river waters and contaminated foods. During the second pandemic, the scientific community varied in its beliefs about the causes of cholera.

Local board of health
A local board of health (or simply a local board) was a local authority in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulate environmental health risks including slaughterhouses and ensure the proper supply of water to their districts. Local boards were eventually merged with the corporations of municipal boroughs in 1873, or became urban districts in 1894.