hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard
The Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Coast Guard is the maritime branch of the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force. The purpose of the coast guard is to maintain the country's interests, and along with the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing, patrol the waters of the country. The Coast Guard is also responsible for search and rescue missions, oil pollution response, ship safety inspections, and broadcasting of maritime safety alerts.

Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing
The Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing is the aerial component of the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force. It is one of the five branches of the force. The purpose of the air wing includes troop transport, medical evacuation, disaster response, search and rescue and assisting other government agencies. The unit was commissioned on 12 April 2022 and started operations with one aircraft (a second-hand BN-2 Islander), a second airframe (Piper PA-31) entered service in 2023. Since then, it has expressed interest in acquiring a helicopter, and additional aircraft. As of March 2025, the aircraft numbered two, and a third aircraft was being planned. Currently they are based in the Calvin Air hangar at V.C. Bird International Airport, but are scheduled relocate to a more suitable hangar.
Label dispenser
Label dispensers and label applicators  are machines built to simplify the process of removing a label from its liner or backing tape. Some are bench-top for dispensing the labels while others include the application of the label to the item (such as a package). Unlike label printer applicators, they dispense preprinted labels.

Label dispensers are generally intended to dispense a label to an operator who manually applies the label to the package. They are designed with varying sizes and features which are often specific to the type of label they can dispense and to the degree of automation desired.

Label applicators are usually part of a larger packaging line. They receive the package from a previous automation stage, apply the label, and feed the package to the next stage in the packaging line.

Label printer applicator
A label printer applicator is a basic robot that can automatically print and apply pressure-sensitive labels to various products. Some types of labeling include shipping labeling, content labeling, graphic images, and labeling to comply with specific standards such as those of GS1 and Universal Product Code U.P.C. A pressure-sensitive label consists of a label substrate and adhesive.

First developed in the late 1970s, today there are over 70 manufacturers of these types of machines worldwide.
Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas
Chiapa de Corzo (Spanish: [ˈtʃjapa ðe ˈkoɾso] ⓘ) is a small city and municipality situated in the west-central part of the Mexican state of Chiapas. Located in the Grijalva River valley of the Chiapas highlands, Chiapa de Corzo lies some 15 km (9.3 mi) to the east of the state capital, Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Chiapa has been occupied since at least 1400 BCE, with a major archeological site which reached its height between 700 BCE and 200 CE. It is important because the earliest inscribed date, the earliest form of hieroglyphic writing and the earliest Mesoamerican tomb burial have all been found here. Chiapa is also the site of the first Spanish city founded in Chiapas in 1528. The "de Corzo" was added to honor Liberal politician Angel Albino Corzo.

Chiapas Highlands
The Chiapas Highlands, also known as the Central Highlands of Chiapas or Chiapas Plateau (Spanish: Los Altos de Chiapas), is a geographic, sociocultural and administrative region located in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
Nomacorc
Nomacorc now known as Vinventions, is a company producing engineered synthetic corks for wine bottles. Nomacorc closures are co-extruded to manage the oxygen transfer rate for wine, reducing 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), more commonly known as cork taint.

Alternative wine closure
Alternative wine closures are substitute closures used in the wine industry for sealing wine bottles in place of traditional cork closures. The emergence of these alternatives has grown in response to quality control efforts by winemakers to protect against "cork taint" caused by the presence of the chemical trichloroanisole (TCA).

The closures debate, chiefly between supporters of screw caps and natural corks, has increased the awareness of post-bottling wine chemistry, and the concept of winemaking has grown to continue after the bottling process, because closures with different oxygen transmission rates may lead to wines that taste different when they reach consumers.

The cork-industry group APCOR cites a study showing a 0.7–1.2% taint rate. In a 2005 study of 2800 bottles tasted at the Wine Spectator blind-tasting facilities in Napa, California, 7% of the bottles were found to be tainted.
Maggiano's Little Italy
Maggiano's Little Italy (Italian: [madˈdʒaːno]) is an American casual dining restaurant chain specializing in Italian-American cuisine. The company was founded in Chicago's River North neighborhood, at Clark Street and Grand Avenue, in 1991 by Rich Melman's Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises (LEYE). The concept was acquired by Brinker International, Inc. in August 1995 from LEYE. As of March 22, 2021, there were 54 locations throughout 22 states and the District of Columbia.

In February 2017, they introduced a seven-day-a-week brunch menu.

Italian-American cuisine
Italian-American cuisine (Italian: cucina italoamericana) is a style of Italian cuisine adapted throughout the United States. Italian-American cuisine was created primarily by Italian immigrants, and the cuisine has been shaped throughout the years by various waves of immigrants and their descendants, called Italian Americans.

As immigrants from the different regions of Italy settled throughout the various regions of the United States, many brought with them a distinct regional Italian culinary traditions. Many of these foods and recipes developed into new favorites for the Italian immigrant and Italian-American communities, and, later, became embraced by Americans nationwide.
Matloue
Matloue, matlou’ (arabic : المطلوع), Also named khobz e-tadjine, is a type of Algerian sourdough bread. It is made of samolina (durum wheat or barley) and a natural leaven called ghessen (n) temtount. It is cooked on a clay or cast iron tagine.

The bread is a staple on family tables, particularly during Ramadan.

Semolina
Semolina is a coarse flour traditionally made from durum wheat. Its high protein and gluten content make it especially suitable for pasta.

Semolina is distinguished from other refined wheat flours by its coarse texture: the Codex Alimentarius specifies that a durum wheat semolina must have grains large enough that no more than 79% pass through a 315-micron textile sieve.
2022 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team
The 2022 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team represented Appalachian State University during the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Mountaineers were led by third-year head coach Shawn Clark. Appalachian State played their home games at Kidd Brewer Stadium on the school's Boone, North Carolina, campus, and competed as a member of the East Division of the Sun Belt Conference.

The Mountaineers finished the season 6–6, going 3–5 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place in the conference's East Division. Despite finishing the season with 6 wins, the Mountaineers were not bowl eligible as two of their wins came against FCS opponents.

Boone, North Carolina
Boone is a town in and the county seat of Watauga County, North Carolina, United States. Located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina, Boone is the home of Appalachian State University and the headquarters of the disaster and medical relief organization Samaritan's Purse. The population was 19,092 at the 2020 census.

The town is named for famous American pioneer and explorer Daniel Boone, and every summer from 1952 has hosted an outdoor amphitheatre drama, Horn in the West, portraying the British settlement of the area during the American Revolutionary War and featuring the contributions of its namesake. It is the largest community and the economic hub of the seven-county region of Western North Carolina known as the High Country.
Johnny Greville
Johnny Greville (born  1979 or 1980) is an Irish hurling manager and former player who was appointed as manager of the Meath senior hurling team in 2024. He played club hurling for Raharney. He also played at different levels with various Westmeath teams.

All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship is a competition in the women's field sport of camogie for second-tier county teams and for second-string teams of first-tier counties. If the winning team comes from a second-tier county, that county is promoted to the following year's senior championship. Similarly, the winner of the All-Ireland junior championship is promoted to the following year's Intermediate Championship.  The grade mirrors Division 2 of the National Camogie League. The final is played in Croke Park, Dublin, alongside the Senior and Junior finals. The 2021 competition was contested by Antrim, Carlow, Derry, Laois, Kerry, Kildare, Meath and the second teams of Cork, Dublin, Galway, Kilkenny and Tipperary.
Lacroix (crater)
Lacroix is a crater that is located in the southwest part of the Moon, to the northwest of the large walled plain Schickard. The most notable feature of this crater is the smaller crater Lacroix J that overlies the southern  rim. The surviving rim of Lacroix is nearly circular, with a slightly worn inner wall. The interior floor is relatively featureless.

Schickard (crater)
Schickard is a lunar impact crater of the form called a walled plain. It lies in the southwest sector of the Moon, near the lunar limb. As a result, the crater appears oblong due to foreshortening. Attached to the northern rim is the lesser crater Lehmann, and to the northeast is the even smaller Drebbel. Southwest of Schickard is Wargentin, a lava-flooded plateau.

Schickard has a worn rim that is overlain in several locations by smaller impact craters. The most prominent of these is the irregular Schickard E across the southeastern rim. The floor of Schickard has been partially flooded by lava, leaving only the southwest portion uncovered and rough-textured.

Schickard's floor is marked with a triangular band of lighter-albedo material, leaving relatively darker patches in the north and southeast. This feature is more prominent when the Sun is at a relatively high angle. There are also multiple small crater impacts on the floor, most notably in the southwest.
Huairou Town
Huairou Town (Chinese: 怀柔镇; pinyin: Huáiróu Zhèn) is  a town situated in the southern portion of Huairou District, Beijing, China. It borders Yanqi Town in the north, Beifang Town in the east, Yangsong and Miaocheng Towns in the south, Qiaozi and Bohai Towns in the west, and contains Quanhe and Longshan Subdistricts within. In 2020, its population was 41,990.

Its name Huairou came from Classic of Poetry, with the original meaning of "Solicit Comfort". It was first used as a name for this region during the Tang dynasty.

Quanhe Subdistrict
Quanhe Subdistrict (Chinese: 泉河街道; pinyin: Quánhé Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated in the south of Huairou District, Beijing, China. It is located to the north of Longshan Subdistrict, to the east of Huairou Reservoir, and is surrounded by Huairou Town to the other directions. In the year 2020, it had a total population of 78,632.

This subdistrict was founded in 2002. Its name, Quanhe, literally translates to "Spring River".
Spinning Coin (band)
Spinning Coin are a Scottish indie rock band formed in Glasgow in 2014. They are signed to the Domino Records imprint Geographic Music, which is run by Stephen Pastel. Their first album Permo was released in 2017, and the follow-up Hyacinth was released in 2020.

Their debut cassette was released in 2015, which caught the attention of Geographic Music. They have toured with Teenage Fanclub and recorded with Edwyn Collins.

Teenage Fanclub
Teenage Fanclub are a Scottish alternative rock band formed in Glasgow in 1989. The group were founded by Norman Blake (vocals, guitar), Raymond McGinley (vocals, lead guitar) and Gerard Love (vocals, bass), all of whom shared lead vocals and songwriting duties until Love's departure in 2018. As of 2023, the band's lineup consists of Blake, McGinley, Francis Macdonald (drums, vocals), Dave McGowan (bass, vocals) and Euros Childs (keyboards, vocals).

In concert the band usually alternate among its songwriters, giving equal playing time to each one's songs. Although often pegged as alternative rock, the group have incorporated a wide variety of elements from various music styles.

Teenage Fanclub have had a succession of drummers, namely Francis Macdonald, Brendan O'Hare and Paul Quinn. Keyboardist Finlay Macdonald (no relation) has also been a member. As of 2023, the band have released 12 studio albums and two compilation albums.
Kintetsu 16200 series
The Kintetsu 16200 series (近鉄16200系), branded Blue Symphony (青の交響曲, Ao no Shinfonii) is a limited express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway in Japan since September 2016. The train was converted from a 6200 series commuter train.

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
Mariyana Spyropoulos
Mariyana Spyropoulos is an American lawyer and politician currently serving as the clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County. She was previously a member of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago Board of Commissioners.

Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County
The Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County is the clerk of Circuit Court of Cook County, located in Cook County, Illinois. The office plays a critical role in maintaining court records and facilitating judicial operations for the nation's largest unified court system, handling millions of cases annually.
Ussassai
Ussassai is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Tortolì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 706 and an area of 47.4 square kilometres (18.3 sq mi).

Ussassai borders the municipalities of Gairo, Osini, Seui, Ulassai.

Tortolì
Tortolì (Italian: [tortoˈli] ⓘ; Sardinian: Tortolì or Tòrtuelie; Latin: Portus Ilii) is a town and municipality, which along with Lanusei is a co-capital of the Province of Ogliastra in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. With a population of 10,980, it is the largest municipality in the province and the 23rd-largest in Sardinia.
Kettilamma
Kettilamma was the title held by the Nair consorts of the principal ruling Rajahs of Malabar (Northern Kerala) in pre-democratic feudal Kerala. Similarly, Nair consorts of the Maharajahs of southern Kingdoms of Kerala namely  Cochin and of Travancore were known as Nethyar Amma and Panapillai Amma respectively. The form of marriage was referred to as Pattum Vala,  after which she assumed the honorific title of Kettilamma.

Ammachi Panapillai Amma
Ammachi Panapillai Amma was a title introduced after the formation of the Travancore Kingdom. It was held by the consort of the ruling Maharajah of Southern Travancore, as well as those of other title-holding male members of the Travancore Royal Family.

Its literal translation is 'consort' since as per the formerly existent matriarchal system in Travancore, the Maharajah's sister was the Maharani, and not his wife. Thus the wife, a non-royal, took the title of Ammachi Panapillai Amma.

The Ammachis were mostly from families of the Nair nobility. The Maharajahs married these ladies through the Sambandham form of wedlock known as Pattum Pudavayum.
Gilani
Gilani, Gillani, or Geelani (Persian/Urdu: گیلانی, Arabic: الجيلاني) is a toponymic surname and nisba meaning “From Gilan”, a historic region on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The name was originally used to identify people who’s geographic origin was Gilan. Over time, the surname also became associated with lineages part of the Hasanid family and claiming descent from Abdul Qadir Gilani, the Persian born islamic scholar. Abdul Qadir Gilani is known for being the founder and eponym of the Qadiriyya order of the mystical Sufi branch of Islam.

Variations of the surname include Kilani or Kailani (Arabic: الكيلاني), commonly used in the Arab world, and Jilani. The levantine Zoubi family also share the same lineage, as their ancestor Ahmad Ali Al Gilani was titled Al-Zoubi later in life. Members of the Gilani family can be found in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia.

Nisba (onomastics)
In Arabic names, a nisba (Arabic: نسبة nisbah, "attribution"), also rendered as nesba or nesbat, is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the surname. Examples of this suffix included at the end of a surname include: -at (eg: Obeidat), -i (eg: Al Masri), -awi (eg: Badawi) -iyy for males and -iyyah for females,

Nisba, originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali, Hindi and Urdu.

In Persian and Turkish, it is always pronounced and written as nisbat. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only.
Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
Science and technology in China
Science and technology in the People's Republic of China have developed rapidly from the 1980s to the 2020s, with major scientific and technological progress over the last four decades. From the 1980s to the 1990s, the government of the People's Republic of China successively launched the 863 Program and the "Strategy to Revitalize the Country Through Science and Education", which greatly promoted the development of China's science and technological institutions.

As per the Global Innovation Index in 2025, China was considered one of the most innovative in the world, ranking 10th globally, third in the Asia & Oceania region, and second for large countries with a population of over 100 million.

International Mathematical Olympiad
The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is a mathematical olympiad for pre-university students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. It is widely regarded as the most prestigious mathematical competition in the world. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except in 1980. More than 100 countries participate. Each country sends a team of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers.

The contest takes place over two days, and consists of six problems (three given on each day). The problems are extremely difficult, and may include topics not conventionally covered in school, but they avoid the use of calculus. Awards are given to approximately the top-scoring 50% of the individual contestants. Teams are not officially recognized—all scores are given only to individual contestants, but team scoring is unofficially compared more than individual scores.
2012–13 Svenska Cupen qualifying rounds
The 2012–13 Svenska Cupen was the 57th season of Svenska Cupen and the first season since 2000–01 to be held according to the fall-spring season format. The season also reintroduced a group stage, the first since 1995–96.

A total of 96 clubs entered the competition. The first round commenced on 3 June 2012 and the final was contested on 26 May 2013 at Friends Arena in Solna. Helsingborgs IF were the defending champions, having beaten Kalmar FF 3–1 in last season's final.

IFK Göteborg won their sixth Svenska Cupen title on 26 May 2013 after defeating Djurgårdens IF 3–1 on penalties after the match had finished 1–1 after extra time.

The only one of the Swedish District Football Associations that had a qualifying round was Dalarnas FF, the other ones decided their teams in other ways. The first round commenced on 3 March 2012 and the final was contested on 22 May 2012.

2000–01 Svenska Cupen
The 2000–01 Svenska Cupen was the 46th season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 25 May 2001 with the final, held at Stadsparksvallen in Jönköping. The final was decided on a penalty shootout that IF Elfsborg won 9–8 against AIK.
Franz Exner (criminologist)
Franz Exner (9 August 1881 – 1 October 1947) was an Austrian-German criminologist and criminal lawyer. Alongside Edmund Mezger, Hans von Hentig and Gustav Aschaffenburg, he was a leading and in some respects a representative of the German school of criminology (which at that time tended to treat criminology as a branch of Jurisprudence, rather than as a branch of the Social sciences) in the first half of the twentieth century. During the 1920s and 1930s Exner produced work on the interface between Criminology and Sociology. He became a controversial figure among subsequent generations because of the extent to which during the 1930s and 1940s his ideas evolved towards National Socialist ideology, notably with regard to so-called "criminal biology", which, by more recent criteria imputed excessive weight to the role of hereditary factors (as opposed to environmental influences and pressures) as causes of criminal actions.

Neo-Kantianism
In late modern philosophy, neo-Kantianism (German: Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The neo-Kantians sought to develop and clarify Kant's theories, particularly his concept of the thing-in-itself and his moral philosophy.