hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area in southeast Michigan is served by a comprehensive network of roads and highways. Three primary Interstate Highways pass through the region, along with three auxiliary Interstates, and multiple state and U.S. Highways. These are supplemented by the Mile Road System, a series of local roads spaced one mile apart on a perpendicular grid.

Many of the grid's east-west roads are known by numbers, such as 8 Mile Road, the system's baseline and Detroit's northern border. Intersecting this grid are five diagonal spokes, major arterial roads which travel from downtown to the suburbs. Most major roads in the city and suburbs follow this grid, though streets in some areas (particularly within Detroit, and near Lake St. Clair and other lakes) deviate.

M-29 (Michigan highway)
M-29 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that runs in a south–north direction from Chesterfield Township to Marysville.  It generally runs along the shore of Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River.

The M-29 designation has been used twice in Michigan starting in 1919. The first designation near Lansing was replaced by U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in 1926. At that time, the M-29 designation was moved to the east side of the state along the current routing and farther north along part of what became US 25 and M-25. The 1933 extension of US 25 replaced the northern section of M-29 leading to the current location of M-29.
Hadapsar Assembly constituency
Hadapsar Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra. It is a part of the Shirur Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2019, its representative is Chetan Vitthal Tupe of the Nationalist Congress Party.

Shirur Lok Sabha constituency
Shirur is one of the 48 Lok Sabha (lower house of Indian parliament) constituencies of Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the Presidential notification based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted on 12 July 2002. This constituency is one of the two newly formed Lok Sabha constituencies in Pune district after delimitation. It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil of Shiv Sena. As of the 2019 elections, its MP is Dr. Amol Kolhe who is serving in his second term from this constituency.
Westerham Mines
Westerham Mines is a 25.4-hectare (63-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Westerham in Kent.

The main interest of this site lies in the use of former mines by five species of bats for hibernation. They are the whiskered, Brandt's, Daubenton's, Natterer's and long-eared bats. Some moths also hibernate in the mines.

There is access to the site, but not the mines which are sealed off by grilles. Many of the structures in the area are made of sandstone and ragstone, which were originally extracted from the mines. Among them, structures are certainly the church in the area. Many tubes in the tunnel complex are only four feet high, and others are much lower due to backfilling.

Westerham
Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 3.4 miles east of Oxted and 6 miles west of Sevenoaks, adjacent to the Kent border with both Greater London and Surrey.
It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy, Oistreham in 1086). Hām is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills. The total population in 2021 was 4,498.
Ligularia sibirica
Ligularia sibirica is the type species for the genus Ligularia. It is a 0.3-1.3 m tall perennial herbaceous plant, native to fens and damp grassy meadows in Siberia, Central and Eastern Europe. Once fairly common, it has disappeared from many places in Europe, owing to drainage of wetlands and competition from other plants invading its natural habitats; when growing in shade plants do not flower or set seed very well and seed germination is greatly reduced. This species is sometimes grown in gardens for its large leaves and tall spike like arrangement of yellow daisy like flowers.

Ligularia
Ligularia (leopard plant) is a genus of Old World herbaceous perennial plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. They have yellow or orange composite flower heads with brown or yellow central disc florets, and are native to damp habitats mostly in central and eastern Asia, with a few species from Europe. There are about 120 to 140 species in the genus, and over half are endemic to China. The name Ligularia, from the Latin for "strap", refers to the shape of the ray florets.

Some species and cultivars are cultivated as ornamentals.  Ligularia dentata ‘Britt Marie Crawford’ Ligularia x hessei (Ligularia dentata x Ligularia wilsoniana) 'Gregynog Gold' and Ligularia przewalskii 'The Rocket' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. They are best grown in fertile, moist soil and full sun, with some shade at midday.

Species
John David Smith (Upper Canada politician)
John David Smith (October 1786 – March 1849) was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in New York City in 1786, the son of Elias Smith, a United Empire Loyalist. He came to the site of what is now Port Hope with his family in 1797. His father and Jonathan Walton built a sawmill and gristmill there which formed the basis for the community that developed there. Smith was a merchant and miller and served as magistrate. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Durham in 1828 and served until 1830.

Three of his sons, Sidney, James and John Shuter, later served in the Legislative Assembly for the Province of Canada.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Ahrensburg
Ahrensburg (German pronunciation: [ˈaːʁənsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ahrensborg) is a town in the district of Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located northeast of Hamburg and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Its population is around 31,000. Schloss Ahrensburg, the town's symbol, is a Renaissance castle dating from 1595.

Stormarn (district)
Stormarn (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɔʁmaʁn] ⓘ) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Segeberg and Ostholstein, the city of Lübeck, the district of Lauenburg, and the city-state of Hamburg.
Robinson Correctional Center
The Robinson Correctional Institution  is a minimum-security (2018) state prison for men located in Robinson, Crawford County, Illinois, owned and operated by the Illinois Department of Corrections.

The facility was first opened in 1991, and has a working capacity of 1223.

Illinois Department of Corrections
The Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) is the code department of the Illinois state government that operates the adult state prison system. The IDOC is led by a director appointed by the Governor of Illinois, and its headquarters are in Springfield.

The IDOC was established in 1970, combining the state's prisons, juvenile centers, and parole services. The juvenile corrections system was split off into the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice on July 1, 2006.
Jaldian Garrison
Jaldian Garrison (Persian: پادگان جلديان – Pādegān-e Jaldīān) is a village and military installation in Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District, Lajan District, Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 333, in 96 families.

Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District
Lahijan-e Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان لاهيجان غربي) is in Lajan District of Piranshahr County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Silveh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Darbekeh, now in Lahijan Rural District.
Yalwa
Yalwa is a worldwide business directory where companies can list their business and advertise within their local neighborhoods. The Yalwa Business Directory is available in over 50 countries worldwide, covering 5 major languages.

Klaus P. Gapp is the CEO and founder of Yalwa.

Business directory
A business directory is a website or printed listing of information which lists businesses within niche-based categories. Businesses can be categorized by niche, location, activity, or size. Business may be compiled either manually or through an automated online search software. Online yellow pages are a type of business directory, as is the traditional phone book.

Some directories include a section for user reviews, comments, and feedback. Business directories in the past would take a printed format but have recently been upgraded to websites due to the advent of the internet.

Many business directories offer complimentary listings in addition to the premium options. There are many business directories and some of these have moved over to the internet and away from printed format. Whilst not being search engines, business directories often have a search function, enabling users to search businesses by Zip Code, country, state, area or city.
Associação Atlética Caldense
Associação Atlética Caldense, commonly known as Caldense, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. The team plays in Série D, the fourth tier of the Brazilian football league system, as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro, the top tier of the Minas Gerais state football league.

Founded on 7 September 1925, it plays its games at the Dr. Ronaldo Junqueira Stadium (Ronaldão). Its colors are green and white and the parakeet is the mascot. In addition to professional football, the club also fields teams in futsal, swimming, volleyball, basketball, tennis, shuttlecock, cricket, table tennis and several others. Historically, its biggest rival is Rio Branco de Andradas Futebol Clube.

Caldense play in green and white uniforms.

Rio Branco de Andradas Futebol Clube
Rio Branco de Andradas Futebol Clube, commonly known as Rio Branco de Andradas, is a Brazilian football club based in Andradas, Minas Gerais state. They competed in the Série B and in the Série C twice.
Gmina Konstantynów
Gmina Konstantynów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Konstantynów, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Biała Podlaska and 113 km (70 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 87.06 square kilometres (33.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,065 (4,138 in 2014).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Podlasie Bug Gorge Landscape Park.

Biała County, Lublin Voivodeship
Biała County (Polish: powiat bialski) is a county in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Biała Podlaska, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Biała Podlaska County are Międzyrzec Podlaski, which lies 24 km (15 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and the border town of Terespol, 32 km (20 mi) east of Biała Podlaska.

The county covers an area of 2,753.67 square kilometres (1,063.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 111,078, including 16,736 in Międzyrzec Podlaski, 5,537 in Terespol, and a rural population of 88,805.
R325 road (Ireland)
The R325 road is a regional road in County Mayo and County Roscommon in Ireland. It connects the N83 and N17 roads at Glentavraun, near Ireland West Airport in County Mayo, to the R361 at Cloonarragh near Castlerea in County Roscommon, a distance of 24.5 kilometres (15.2 mi).

The government legislation that defines the R325 — the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 (Statutory Instrument 54 of 2012), provides the following official description:

Glentavraun, County Mayo — Cloonarragh, County Roscommon

Between its junction with N83 at Glentavraun in the county of Mayo and its junction with R361 at Cloonarragh in the county of Roscommon via Sonvolaun and Kilmovee in the county of Mayo: Crunaun, Kiltybranks, and Loughglinn in the county of Roscommon.

R361 road (Ireland)
The R361 road is a regional road mainly in County Roscommon, Ireland. South to north the route connects Williamstown to Boyle.

The road starts in County Galway for the first 4km and in County Roscommon for the rest of the route, which is 38 km (24 mi) long.
Austroderia
Austroderia is a genus of five species of tall grasses native to New Zealand, commonly known as toetoe (from Māori). The species are A. toetoe, A. fulvida, A. splendens, A. richardii and A. turbaria. They were recently reclassified in 2011 from the genus Cortaderia.

Two closely related South American species are Cortaderia jubata and C. selloana (pampas grass), which have been introduced to New Zealand and are often mistaken for toetoe. These introduced species tend to take over from the native toetoe and are regarded as invasive weeds.

Cortaderia selloana
Cortaderia selloana is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is referred to by the common name pampas grass, and is native to southern South America, including the Pampas region after which it is named. It is widely distributed throughout the world as a cultivated ornamental and invasive species.
2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24–25 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Simon Cowley of Australia.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.

1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22–23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Kurt Grote of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.
Mar son of Ravina
Mar son of Ravina (Aramaic: מר בריה דרבינא; Mar Breih deRavina) was a Babylonian Jewish rabbi who lived around the late third century (fourth generation of Amoraim). He was not the son of Ravina I or Ravina II (both of whom lived after him), but of a different father having the same name.

Ravina II
Ravina II or Rabina II (Hebrew: אבינא בריה דרב הונא or רבינא האחרון; died 475 CE or 499/500 CE) was a Babylonian rabbi of the 5th century (seventh and eighth generations of amoraim). Rabina is a traditional portmanteau of the title Rav and the personal name Abina, a form of the Aramaic word for "father" (compare Abuna, Abaye, Abin, Abahu, Abba, Rava, Rabin).

The Talmud says that "Ravina" and Rav Ashi were "the end of instruction", which is traditionally interpreted to mean that the two were responsible for redacting the Babylonian Talmud. Most scholars agree that this "Ravina" was Ravina II, the son of Huna bar Abin HaKohen, and not Ravina I, the colleague of Rav Ashi who died before him.
Hand-colouring of photographs
Hand-colouring (or hand-coloring) refers to any method of manually adding colour to a monochrome photograph, generally either to heighten the realism of the image or for artistic purposes. Hand-colouring is also known as hand painting or overpainting.

Typically, watercolours, oils, crayons or pastels, and other paints or dyes are applied to the image surface using brushes, fingers, cotton swabs or airbrushes. Hand-coloured photographs were most popular in the mid- to late-19th century before the invention of colour photography, and some firms specialized in producing hand-coloured photographs.

Airbrush
An airbrush is a small, air-operated tool that atomizes and sprays various media, most often paint, but also ink, dye, and make-up. Spray painting developed from the airbrush and is considered to employ a type of airbrush.
Violin Sonata No. 33 (Mozart)
Violin Sonata No. 33 in E♭ major (K. 481) was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Vienna and listed in his personal catalogues of his works on December 12, 1785. It was published on its own by Franz Anton Hoffmeister, a German composer and music publisher to whom Mozart's String Quartet No. 20 (K. 499) is dedicated. The musicologist Marius Flothuis states that although much is unknown about the history of this sonata, it is certainly "one of the most mature works in Mozart's whole chamber output". Carl Friedrich Cramer in a 1783 review of this and Mozart's other mature piano and violin sonatas praised the style of composing for instruments in a democratic manner, fitting for the style, requiring skill and talent of both instrumentalists. Indeed, Manafu rates these sonatas as of crucial importance in the development of the genre.

E-flat major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E♭, consisting of the pitches E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E♭ minor, (or enharmonically D♯ minor).

The E♭ major scale is:
Shenzhen Municipal People's Government
The Shenzhen Provincial People's Government is the municipal administrative agency of Shenzhen. It is officially elected by the Shenzhen Provincial People's Congress and is formally responsible to the Municipal People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The municipal government is headed by a mayor, currently Qin Weizhong. Under the country's one-party system, the mayor is subordinate to the secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Shenzhen Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the municipal committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Shenzhen. The CCP committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the city. The current secretary is Meng Fanli, who succeeded Wang Weizhong in December 2021.
Mavrata
Mavrata (Greek: Μαυράτα) is a village in the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi, in the southeastern part of the island of Cephalonia, Greece. In 2011 its population was 139. It is situated on a hill above the Ionian Sea coast, at about 180 m elevation. It is 1 km south of Chionata, 3 km southwest of Pastra and 10 km southwest of Poros. It was devastated by the 1953 Ionian earthquake.

Cephalonia
Kefalonia or Cephalonia (Greek: Κεφαλονιά [kefaloˈɲa]), formerly also known as Kefallinia or Kephallenia (Κεφαλληνία), is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece and the 6th-largest island in Greece after Crete, Euboea, Lesbos, Rhodes and Chios. It is also a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region. It was a former Latin Catholic diocese Kefalonia–Zakynthos (Cefalonia–Zante) and short-lived titular see as just Kefalonia. The largest cities of Cephalonia are Argostoli and Lixouri.
Cucurbitacin E
Cucurbitacin E  is a biochemical compound from the family of cucurbitacins. These are found in plants which are member of the family Cucurbitaceae, most of them coming from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, but also in other plants such as pumpkins and gourds.

Cucurbitacin E is a highly oxidated steroid consisting of a tetracyclic triterpene. Specific modifications in this molecule under certain conditions can form other types of cucurbitacins such as cucurbitacin I, J, K and L.

As of 2020, it is being investigated for its potential biological effects. Cucurbitacin E has been found to increase activity of anti-cancer drugs in certain types of cancers. It selectively increases chemosensitivity of nutrient receptors, on or inside cancer cells, to anti-cancer drug molecules, thereby decreasing binding of the nutrients to cancer cells, and decreasing their growth, leading to selective cell death of cancer cells.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Kim Daugaard
Kim Daugaard Hansen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈtɑwˌkɒˀ]; born 29 March 1974) is a Danish football coach and former professional player, who currently works as assistant coach Hvidovre IF.

He played as a midfielder for Brøndby IF for his entire career. He played more than 450 games for the club, and won five Danish Superliga championships and five Danish Cup titles, and was named 1998 Brøndby IF Player of the Year. Daugaard played 17 games and scored one goal for the Danish under-21 national team from 1994 to 1996.

2004–05 Danish Superliga
The 2004–05 Danish Superliga season was the 15th season of the Danish Superliga league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from 24 July 2004 to 19 June 2005.

The Danish champions qualified for 2005–06 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds and the 2005–06 Royal League. The runners-up qualified for 2005–06 UEFA Cup qualifying rounds and Royal League, while the 3rd and 4th placed teams qualified for Royal League. The 11th and 12th-placed teams were relegated to the 1st Division. The 1st Division champions and runners-up were promoted to the Superliga.
Randolph-Henry High School
Randolph–Henry High School is a public high school, and the only high school located in Charlotte County, Virginia, United States. The high school has been recognized by numerous sources as a high standard achieving rural high school. Notable aspects of the school include the school agricultural farm, on which students in agriculture classes "work", as well as Statesmen Computers, a company that provides computers to colleges and universities throughout Virginia; these computers are built and distributed by students as well.

scoobert
In 1965, Randolph–Henry High School began the integration process by admitting the first black students after court mandate.

Virginia High School League
The Virginia High School League (VHSL) is the principal sanctioning organization for interscholastic athletic competition among public high schools in the U.S. state of Virginia. The VHSL first sponsored debate and also continues to sponsor state championships in several academic activities.

Private and religious schools and teams of homeschooled students belong to other sanctioning organizations, the largest of which is the Virginia Independent Schools Athletic Association.  Proposals in the Virginia General Assembly to mandate that the VHSL allow homeschooled students to compete for the public high school they would otherwise attend have failed to pass.