hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Werner Josten
Werner Erich Josten (June 12, 1885 in Elberfeld, Germany – February 6, 1963 in New York City) was a German-born composer of contemporary classical music. He studied in Munich with Rudolf Siegel and in Geneva with Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, and emigrated to the United States in 1920 or 1921. He became a naturalized citizen and taught at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts from 1923 to 1949, where his notable students included Audrey Kooper Hammann. The Werner Josten Performing Arts Library at Smith College is named for him.

He is best known for his symphonic poem Jungle (1928), which is inspired by African music. He also directed the first staged performance of Claudio Monteverdi’s L'Orfeo in the United States on May 11, 1929.

He was married to Margaret Fatman, a member of the Lehman family and granddaughter of Meyer Lehman, co-founder of Lehman Brothers; they had two children: Peter Josten and Eileen Josten Lowe.

Lehman family
The Lehman family (also Lehmann, Liehmann or Liehman) is a prominent family of Jewish German-Americans who founded the financial firm Lehman Brothers. Some were also involved in American politics. Members have married into the prominent Morgenthau, Loeb, and Bronfman families.

The family traces back to Abraham Lehmann, a cattle merchant in Rimpar, Bavaria, who changed his Yiddish (German-Jewish) surname Löw (Loeb) to the German Lehman.
South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center
South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center, also known as University Center, is a cooperative higher education delivery system in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Six universities offer classes at this site: University of South Dakota, Dakota State University, South Dakota State University, Black Hills State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and Northern State University. The site, until recently known as "USDSU," has become popular with non-traditional students living in or around Sioux Falls.

In 2006, the South Dakota Board of Regents received authorization to obtain a large area in Sioux Falls to construct a new campus for its Sioux Falls offerings.

University Center will become a college of the University of South Dakota named "The Community College for Sioux Falls, a branch of USD", a change approved by the Board of Regents in April 2019.

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
The South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (South Dakota Mines, SD Mines, or SDSM&T) is a public university in Rapid City, South Dakota, United States. It is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents and was founded in 1885. South Dakota Mines offers bachelor's, master’s, and doctoral degrees.
Sixto María Durán Cárdenas
Sixto María Durán Cárdenas (August 6, 1875 – January 13, 1947) was an Ecuadorian pianist, composer, and lawyer.

He stood out for his multifaceted profile, for being an outstanding judge, a prolific composer exceeding more than one hundred pieces, and also for being the director of the National Conservatory of Music on three occasions. He is one of the most prominent Ecuadorian composers, and he composed hymns for various institutions and military marches that are very popular in his country.

Central University of Ecuador
The Central University of Ecuador (Spanish: Universidad Central del Ecuador) is a public university in Quito, Ecuador. By institutional lineage it is among the oldest universities in the Americas: its origin lies in the royal charter of the Jesuit Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gregorio Magno (1620), later merged (1786–1788) with the Dominican Universidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino to form the Crown’s Real y Pública Universidad de Santo Tomás. It was reorganized as the Universidad Central de Quito by the General Law on Public Education of 18 March 1826 during Gran Colombia, and adopted its current name by decree in 1836.
Spanglerogyrus
Spanglerogyrus albiventris is a species of beetle in the family Gyrinidae, the only species in the genus Spanglerogyrus. It is native to North America, and was described in 1979 from specimens found in southern Alabama. It is the only living member of the subfamily Spanglerogyrinae, the earliest diverging extant lineage of the gyrinids which also includes Angarogyrus from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia.

Angarogyrus
Angarogyrus is an extinct genus of fossil beetles in the family Gyrinidae, containing the following species:

Angarogyrus minimus Ponomarenko, 1977 Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Angarogyrus mongolicus Ponomarenko, 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Masked bunting
The masked bunting (Emberiza personata) is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae. It is found in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and Japan.

The masked bunting was formerly considered as a subspecies of the black-faced bunting (Emberiza spodocephala) but is now treated as a separate species based on morphological and genetic differences. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
Majdoor
Majdoor (lit. 'Worker') is a daily newspaper published from Bhaktapur, Nepal. It is an organ of the Nepal Workers Peasants Party. As of 2012 Bishnu Gopal Kusi was the chief editor of the newspaper. As of 2025 Surendra Raj Gosai is the editor of Majdoor.

Nepal Workers Peasants Party
The Nepal Workers Peasants Party (NWPP), also known as the Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party and the Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (Nepali: नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी; abbr. नेमकिपा, Nemakipa), is a communist political party in Nepal. The party was founded on 23 January 1975 by Narayan Man Bijukchhe and draws most of its support from Bhaktapur. The party is sympathetic to the Workers' Party of Korea and has declared Juche to be a "directional ideology".
NOAAS Bell M. Shimada
NOAAS Bell M. Shimada (R 227) is an American fisheries research ship in commission with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since 2010. She operates along the United States West Coast.

The ship was named by students at Marina High School in Marina, California, who won a NOAA vessel-naming contest held as part of an educational outreach program. The ship's namesake, Bell M. Shimada (1922-1958), served with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, and was known for his studies of tropical Pacific tuna stocks.

Trawling
Trawling is an industrial method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net through the water behind one or more boats. The net used for trawling is called a trawl. This principle requires netting bags which are towed through water to catch different species of fishes or sometimes targeted species. Trawls are often called towed gear or dragged gear.

The boats that are used for trawling are called trawlers or draggers. Trawlers vary in size from small open boats with as little as 30 hp (22 kW) engines to large factory trawlers with over 10,000 hp (7.5 MW). Trawling can be carried out by one trawler or by two trawlers fishing cooperatively (pair trawling).

Trawling can be contrasted with trolling. While trawling involves a net and is typically done for commercial usage, trolling instead involves a reel, rod and a bait or a lure and is typically done for recreational purposes. Trawling is also commonly used as a scientific sampling, or survey, method.
Ibom Isi
The Ibom Isi also known as the Akpa are one of the three main lineages comprising the Aro people. They are centered in Ibom, Arochukwu in Nigeria. The Akpa are descendants of the Ejagham in present day Cross River State in Southeastern Nigeria.

During the Aro-Ibibio Wars in present-day Arochukwu in the 1600s, an Igbo leader named Okennachi (the first Igbo EzeAro), invited his allies the princes Osim and Akuma Nnubi from the east of the Cross River to fight against a clan of the Ibibios and granting them lands. The Nnubis, led their people known as the Akpa to present-day Arochukwu. They led the Akpa forces to ally with Igbo forces. Osim Nnubi died in the battle, the war between Aros and the northern clan of the Ibibios ended in a stalemate. Akuma became the first EzeAro or king. The Akpa people were assimilated and are mainly in Ibom, and other towns belonging to the Ibom Isi kindred.

Mbot Abasi Kingdom
The Ibom or Mbot Abasi Kingdom was a kingdom by the Ibibio people with its seat of government in Obot Okon Ita. The Mbot Abasi kingdom was located at the boundary between Akwa Ibom and, Abia State in Nigeria. Around 1630, a group of Igbo from Abiriba known as the Eze Agwu arrived in Ibom. This caused long term conflict and a stalemate known as the Aro-Ibibio Wars.
Arthur Passage
Arthur Passage is a marine waterway in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Inside Passage connecting Grenville Channel (at its southeast end) with Malacca Passage (at its northwest end). A significant feature is Hanmer Island, located in the middle of the north end of the passage.

Grenville Channel
Grenville Channel is a strait on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, between Pitt Island and the mainland to the south of Prince Rupert. It is part of the Inside Passage shipping route, about 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) long and is 0.2 nautical miles (0.37 km; 0.23 mi) wide at its narrowest point.

The Grenville Channel Fault that forms the channel dates back to the Cretaceous Era. Both sides are mountainous and densely wooded, and a linear magnetic anomaly runs parallel to the channel south of 51"30'N.
Cotham, Bristol
Cotham /ˈkɒtəm/ is an area of Bristol, England, about one mile (1.5 kilometres) north of the city centre. It is an affluent, leafy, inner city suburb situated north of the neighbourhoods of Kingsdown and St Paul’s.

Cotham is closely related to the neighbourhood of Redland to the north, with the Severn Beach Railway Line broadly marking where Cotham ends and Redland begins, though Ward boundaries show Cotham extending to Redland Road. Redland’s boundaries is usually taken to extend to Coldharbour Road. To the north lies Bishopston and Westbury Park, and Durdham Down to the west. Cotham and Redland together make up the Bristol City Council's Cotham and Redland Conservation Area.

It is also the name of a council ward of the city, which also includes other areas.

W.D. & H.O. Wills
W.D. & H.O. Wills was a British tobacco manufacturing company formed in Bristol, England. It was the first British company to mass-produce cigarettes. It was one of the 13 founding companies of the Imperial Tobacco Company (of Great Britain and Ireland); these firms became branches, or divisions, of the new combine and included John Player & Sons.

The company was founded by Henry O. Wills in 1786, and went by various names before 1830 when it became "W.D. & H.O. Wills". Tobacco was processed and sold under several brand names, some of which were still used by Imperial Tobacco until the second half of the 20th century. The company pioneered the use of cigarette cards within their packaging. Many of the buildings in Bristol and other cities around the United Kingdom still exist with several being converted to residential use.

The brand "Wills" was withdrawn by Imperial Tobacco in 1988 for the majority of its products.
1996 DFB-Supercup
The 1996 DFB-Supercup, known as the Panasonic DFB-Supercup for sponsorship purposes, was the tenth DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. It was the last DFB-Supercup, with the competition replaced by a DFB-Ligapokal which ran from 1997 to 2007. The supercup returned in 2010, now run by the Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL).

The match was played at the Carl-Benz-Stadion, Mannheim, and contested by league champions Borussia Dortmund and cup winners 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Dortmund won their second consecutive title, their third in total.

2010 DFL-Supercup
The 2010 DFL-Supercup marked the return of the German Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The competition had not been played in an official capacity since 1996, and was replaced by the DFB Liga-Pokal from 1997 to 2007. For the previous two years, an unofficial super cup had been contested.

The match was played at the Impuls Arena in Augsburg on 7 August 2010, and was contested by 2009–10 Bundesliga and 2009–10 DFB-Pokal double winners Bayern Munich, and league runners-up Schalke 04. Bayern won 2–0 with goals from Thomas Müller and Miroslav Klose.
St. Joe High School
St. Joe High School was a comprehensive public high school serving students in grades seven through twelve in the remote, rural community of St. Joe, Arkansas, United States. It was the one of three high schools administered by the Ozark Mountain School District and the district's only high school in Searcy County, Arkansas.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Dyki Tantsi
"Dyki Tantsi" (Ukrainian: Дикі танці, lit. 'Wild Dances') is the fourth studio album by Ukrainian singer-songwriter Ruslana. It was released on June 10, 2003. Some of the songs featured in this album are also featured on Wild Dances, after she won the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest.

Wild Dances (album)
Wild Dances is the fifth studio album by Ukrainian singer-songwriter Ruslana. It was released on July 6, 2004. The album has been certified 7× platinum in Ukraine, selling 700,000 copies and Platinum in Slovakia.
Theriiformes
Theriiformes is a clade of mammals. The term was coined by Timothy B. Rowe in his doctoral dissertation, and is defined as the clade formed by the most recent common ancestor of multituberculates (which form part of the broader group Allotheria, along with Gondwanatheria and likely all or part of Haramiyida) and Theria (the group containing marsupials and placental mammals). Mammals more closely related to therians than to multituberculates are included in the clade Trechnotheria.

As multituberculates are usually considered more closely related to therians than monotremes are (though some studies have recovered allotherians as less closely related to therians than monotremes are, placing them outside of crown group Mammalia)  it is considered to be a subgroup of the mammalian crown group.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Ricardo Giusti
Ricardo Omar Giusti (born 11 December 1956) is an Argentine former footballer. A midfielder, he played most of his career with Argentine side Independiente. At international level, he won the FIFA World Cup with Argentina in 1986 and was also a member of the runner-up national squad in the 1990 edition of the tournament. With 53 caps between 1983 and 1990, Giusti is currently 38th in the appearance records for the Argentina national football team. He played a part in five major tournaments for his nation.

1983 Argentine Primera División
The 1983 Primera División season was the 92nd season of top-flight football in Argentina. Independiente won the Metropolitano (13th title) and Estudiantes de La Plata won the Nacional championship (4th title).

Nueva Chicago and Racing Club were relegated by the average system.
Patten (CDP), Maine
Patten is a census-designated place (CDP) and the primary village in the town of Patten, Penobscot County, Maine, United States. It is in the northeastern part of the town, mostly on the north side of Fish Stream, an eastward-flowing tributary of the West Branch Mattawamkeag River and part of the Penobscot River watershed.

Maine State Route 11 passes through the village, leading north 47 miles (76 km) to Ashland and south 9 miles (14 km) to Sherman and Interstate 95. State Route 159 leads east 10 miles (16 km) from Patten to Island Falls and the same distance northwest to Shin Pond.

Patten was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Ashland (CDP), Maine
Ashland is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main village within the town of Ashland in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 709 at the 2010 census, out of a population of 1,309 for the entire town.
Chern–Simons form
In mathematics, the Chern–Simons forms are certain secondary characteristic classes. The theory is named for Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, co-authors of a 1974 paper entitled "Characteristic Forms and Geometric Invariants," from which the theory arose.

Multilinear form
In abstract algebra and multilinear algebra, a multilinear form on a vector space  over a field  is a map

that is separately -linear in each of its  arguments. More generally, one can define multilinear forms on a module over a commutative ring. The rest of this article, however, will only consider multilinear forms on finite-dimensional vector spaces.

Multilinear forms  are naturally identified with linear forms on the tensor product . Therefore, a multilinear -form on  over  is called a (covariant) -tensor, and the vector space of such forms is usually denoted  or .
MasterChef (American TV series) season 12
The twelfth season of the American competitive reality television series MasterChef (also known as MasterChef: Back to Win) premiered on Fox on May 25, 2022, and concluded on September 14, 2022. Gordon Ramsay, Aarón Sánchez, and Joe Bastianich all returned as judges.

The season was won by MasterChef Junior season one runner-up Dara Yu, with season five fifth-place finisher Christian Green and season 10 15th-place finisher Michael Silverstein as the runners-up.

MasterChef (American TV series) season 5
The fifth season of the American competitive reality television series MasterChef premiered on Fox on May 26, 2014.

The season concluded on September 15, 2014, with Courtney Lapresi as the winner, and Elizabeth Cauvel as the runner-up.
Federation of Baptist Associations of Costa Rica
The Federation of Baptist Associations of Costa Rica (Federación de Asociaciones Bautistas de Costa Rica) is a Baptist Christian denomination of churches in Costa Rica. It is affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance.

Baptist World Alliance
The Baptist World Alliance (BWA) is an international communion of Baptists, with an estimated 53 million people from 283 member bodies in 138 countries and territories as of 2025. A voluntary association of Baptist churches, the BWA accounts for about half the Baptists in the world, becoming Christianity's seventh-largest communion (see list of Christian denominations by membership).

The BWA was founded in 1905 in London during an international congress of Baptist churches. Its headquarters are in Falls Church, Virginia, United States. It is led by general secretary and CEO Elijah M. Brown, Karl Johnson of the Jamaica Baptist Union, Chair of the Alliance and Lynn Green of the Baptist Union of Great Britain, Vice Chair.
Intersex rights in the United States
Intersex people in the United States have some of the same rights as other people, but with significant gaps, particularly in protection from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions and violence, and protection from discrimination. Actions by intersex civil society organizations aim to eliminate harmful practices, promote social acceptance, and equality. In recent years, intersex activists have also secured some forms of legal recognition.

Georgiann Davis
Georgiann Davis is an associate professor of sociology at the University of New Mexico and author of the book Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis. Davis formerly held similar positions at University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Born with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, she writes widely on intersex issues and the sociology of diagnosis.
Bun Abhainn Eadarra
Bun Abhainn Eadarra or Bunavoneadar is a hamlet adjacent to the Loch Bun Abhainn Eadarra, on the south shore of North Harris, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. It is connected with Harris's main port, Tarbert, by the B887 road which joins the A859 at Ardhasaig. Bunavoneadar is within the parish of Harris.

Tarbert, Harris
Tarbert (Scottish Gaelic: An Tairbeart [ən̪ˠ ˈt̪ɛrʲɛbərˠʃt̪]) is the main community on Harris in the Western Isles of Scotland. The name means "isthmus", "crossing point" or "portage", in Gaelic. The isthmus, between the sea lochs West Loch Tarbert and East Loch Tarbert, joins south Harris to north Harris and Lewis. In 1981 it had a population of 503.

Tarbert's Church of Scotland parish church was built in 1862, and is within the parish of Harris. Tarbert also has a Free Presbyterian church. The Very Rev Mackintosh MacKay was minister of the latter in the 1860s.
Grey High School
Grey High School is a semi-private English-medium high school (grades 8 to 12) for boys situated in the suburb of Mill Park in Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is one of the top sporting schools in the country, with consistently strong academics and an extensive culture of musical performance, and is one of the oldest schools in South Africa.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Victoria River (lake Mégantic)
The Victoria River (in French: rivière Victoria) is a tributary of the Chaudière River, therefore a sub-tributary of the St. Lawrence River.

The Victoria River flows through the municipalities of Val-Racine, Piopolis and Marston, in the Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Chaudière River
The Chaudière River (French pronunciation: [ʃodjɛʁ]; French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler"; Abenaki: Kik8ntekw) is a 185-kilometre-long (115 mi) river with its source near the Town of Lac-Mégantic, in southeast Quebec, Canada. From its source Lake Mégantic in the Estrie region, it runs northwards to flow into the St. Lawrence River opposite Quebec City.