hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
D.C. sniper attacks
The D.C. sniper attacks (also known as the Beltway sniper attacks) were a series of coordinated shootings that occurred over three weeks in October 2002 throughout the Washington metropolitan area, consisting of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. These were preceded by a series of murders and robberies in several states starting in February 2002. Seven people were killed, and seven others were injured in the preliminary shootings, and ten people were killed and three others were critically wounded in the October shootings.

In total, the snipers killed 17 people and wounded 10 others in a 10-month span. John Allen Muhammad (41 years old at the time) and Lee Boyd Malvo (17) traveled in a blue 1990 Chevrolet Caprice sedan. In 2003, Muhammad was sentenced to death. He was executed by lethal injection in 2009. Malvo, a juvenile, received six life sentences in Maryland and three in Virginia. In 2017, Malvo's life sentences in Virginia were vacated without parole on appeal.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Prodipine
Prodipine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; developmental code name BY-101) is an experimental antiparkinsonian agent of the 4,4-diphenylpiperidine series related to budipine which was never marketed. It was the predecessor of budipine and was similarly found to be effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, prodipine produced side effects including gastrointestinal  adverse effects, nausea and vomiting, and hypotension. Due to the nausea and vomiting with the oral form, it could only be tolerated with intravenous administration. As a result, budipine, which had fewer side effects, was developed instead.

Phenylpiperidines
Phenylpiperidines are chemical compounds with a phenyl moiety directly attached to piperidine. Of particular interest are a variety of derivatives of 4-phenylpiperidine, which have pharmacological effects including morphine-like activity or other central nervous system effects.

Some of the butyrophenone antipsychotics, including aceperone, bromperidol, haloperidol, moperone, and trifluperidol, as well as the related diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic penfluridol, are also 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives.

Certain other opioids, including alvimopan, loperamide, and diphenoxylate, are 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives as well.
Gucheng station
Gucheng station (Chinese: 古城站; pinyin: Gǔchéng zhàn) is a station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway. It is located in Gucheng Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, Beijing. It opened on November 7, 1971.

It previously served as the current terminus of the line from April 18, 2020, to February 14, 2026 due to station renovations at Pingguoyuan. Between February 15 and May 30, 2026, due to facilitation works on Line 1 Branch at Bajiao Amusement Park, the station is closed along with Babaoshan station, making Yuquan Lu the temporary western terminus of the line. When the station reopens on May 31, 2026, Pingguoyuan station is also expected to reopen, which means the station will no longer serve as a terminus station for the line.

The station used to be known as Guchenglu Station.

Pingguoyuan station
Pingguoyuan station (Chinese: 苹果园站; pinyin: Píngguǒyuán zhàn) is a station on Line 1, Line 6 and Line S1 of the Beijing Subway, located in Pingguoyuan Subdistrict, Shijingshan District, Beijing.

The station for Line 1 was opened on April 23, 1973. Pingguoyuan station on Line 1 is closed for renovation from April 18, 2020 to 2025. The station for Line 6 and Line S1 was opened on December 31, 2021.

The Line 1 station and Line 6 station are underground, and the Line S1 station is elevated.
C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
Comet Mrkos, formally known as C/1957 P1 (old style 1957d), was a non-periodic comet discovered in 1957 by Antonín Mrkos. It was one of two bright comets that had their perihelion in 1957, the other being Comet Arend–Roland. Its peak magnitude was estimated to be around 1.0 and it has been characterised as a great comet.

Great comet
A great comet is a comet that becomes exceptionally bright, and easily observable to the naked eye. There is no official definition; often the term is attached to comets such as Halley's Comet, which during certain appearances are bright enough to be noticed by casual observers who are not looking for them, and become well known outside the astronomical community. Typically, they are as bright or brighter than a second magnitude star and have tails that are 10 degrees or longer under dark skies. Great comets appear at irregular, unpredictable intervals, on average about once per decade. Although comets are officially named after their discoverers, great comets are sometimes also referred to by the year in which they appeared great, using the formulation "The Great Comet of ...", followed by the year. It can also be used as a generic name when a very bright comet is discovered by many observers simultaneously.
Harpa (concert hall)
Harpa (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhar̥pa], English: Harp) is a concert hall and conference centre in Reykjavík, Iceland. The opening concert was held on 4 May 2011. The building features a distinctive colored glass façade inspired by the basalt landscape of Iceland.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Romanian Olympiad in Informatics
The Romanian Olympiad in Informatics (Romanian: Olimpiada Națională de Informatică, ONI) is an annual competitive programming contest for secondary school students in Romania. It gathers about 300 high-school students (9th to 12th grade) and about 160 gymnasium students (5th to 8th grade).

The contest takes place over two days, in sessions of 3–5 hours each, and consists of providing computationally efficient solutions to one to four problems of an algorithmic nature. Contestants compete individually. To participate, students must first qualify within their school, then town/city, then county. At the end of the Olympiad, a special contest further selects the top ~20 students for the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI). Since 1990, Romanian students have won 38 gold medals at the IOI, ranking the country #6 worldwide as of 2026.

Competitive programming
Competitive programming or sport programming is a mind sport involving participants trying to program according to provided specifications. The contests are usually held over the Internet or a local network. Competitive programming is recognized and supported by several multinational software and Internet companies, such as Google and Meta.

A programming competition generally involves the host presenting a set of logical or mathematical problems, also known as puzzles or challenges, to the contestants (who can vary in number from tens or even hundreds to several thousand). Contestants are required to write computer programs capable of solving these problems. Judging is based mostly upon number of problems solved and time spent on writing successful solutions, but may also include other factors (quality of output produced, execution time, memory usage, program size, etc.).
Dolphin Tale
Dolphin Tale is a 2011 American family drama film directed by Charles Martin Smith and written by Karen Janszen and Noam Dromi. It stars Harry Connick Jr., Ashley Judd, Nathan Gamble, Kris Kristofferson, Cozi Zuehlsdorff in her film debut, and Morgan Freeman. The book and film are inspired by the true story of Winter, a bottlenose dolphin that was rescued in December 2005 off the Florida coast and taken in by the Clearwater Marine Aquarium. In the film, Winter loses her tail after becoming entangled with a rope attached to a crab trap, and must be fitted with a prosthetic one in order to swim naturally again.

The film was released on September 23, 2011, by Warner Bros. Pictures; Dolphin Tale received positive reviews from critics and earned $95.9 million on a $37 million budget. A sequel, Dolphin Tale 2, was released on September 12, 2014.

Honeymoon Island State Park
Honeymoon Island State Park is a Florida State Park located on Honeymoon Island, a barrier island across St. Joseph Sound from Dunedin, Palm Harbor, Ozona, and Crystal Beach. The park is 385 acres (1.6 km2) in land area with 2,400 acres (10 km2) submerged and 4 miles (6 km) of beach. It lies at the western end of Causeway Boulevard, which becomes Curlew Road east of Alternate US 19. Its address is 1 Causeway Blvd. Consistently receiving more than one million visitors each year, it is the most-visited state park in Florida.
Harold Schafer
Harold Schafer (February 1, 1912 – December 2, 2001) was a North Dakota businessman, entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded the Gold Seal Company, the original maker of Mr. Bubble. He also was a major benefactor in the tourist town of Medora, North Dakota and the Medora Musical.

Rough Rider Award
The Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider Award is an award presented by the governor of the state of North Dakota to prominent North Dakotans. The award "recognizes present and former North Dakotans who have been influenced by the state in achieving national recognition in their fields of endeavor, thereby reflecting credit and honor upon North Dakota and its citizens."

It has been awarded to 50 North Dakotans since its establishment in 1961 under Governor William L. Guy.
Kozlu coal mine
Kozlu coal mine is located in the town of Kozlu, Zonguldak Province, in Turkey's Zonguldak basin. The mine has an annual production capacity of 2 million tonnes of coal. Total organic carbon values are quite variable.

Kozlu, Zonguldak
Kozlu is a town in the central part of Zonguldak Province, Turkey. It is situated at the coast of the Black Sea, west of Zonguldak city. It is almost merged with Zonguldak. It is the seat of Kozlu District. Its population is 43,140 (2022). It is a relatively new town, founded after coal deposits around Zonguldak were discovered. In 1926 the coal company of Kozlu was founded. In 1936 the government of Turkey bought Kozlu's coal mines and the surrounding other mines.  At the present Kozlu is a typical mining town. It consists of 9 neighbourhoods: Merkez, Güney, Ihsaniye, Kılıç, 19 Mayıs, Taşbaca, Fatih Sitesi, Esenköy and Yahma.
Raghuji I
Raghuji I (Raghuji Bhonsle, Marathi pronunciation: [ɾəɡud͡ʒi bʱoːsəleː]; 1695 – 14 February 1755) was a Maratha general credited with the Maratha expansion into Gondwana, Odisha, and Bengal, establishing Maratha supremacy in these areas. He was granted the title of Senasaheb Subha, meaning "Lord of the Provinces and the Army", and a saranjam in the Vidarbha region by Shahu I. He is considered the founder of the Kingdom of Nagpur.

Pandavgad
Pandavgad Fort)  (also called Pandugad) (Wai T; 17° 55' N, 73° 50' E; RS. Wathar, 20 m. SE;), 4177 feet above sea level, lies four miles north-west of Wai. The fort is conspicuous over a low spur branching east from its southern angle. From a distance it appears a square fortification with natural escarpment of cut black stone.
The fort can be reached by a footpath diverting to the north from Bhoganv, a village 3 miles west of Wai on Wai -Velang State Transport route. In Bhoganv village, there is a small memorial of Vaman Pandit, the celebrated Sanskrit poet of the 15th century.
The Greatest 33
The Greatest 33 is a list of top drivers from the history of the Indianapolis 500. In 2011, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Indianapolis 500, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway gathered a panel of media and historians to establish 100 nominees for the best drivers who have participated in the Indianapolis 500 from 1911 to 2010. During the months leading up the race, fans were invited to vote on the best 33 among the nominees, and the finalists were announced in the days leading up to the 2011 race.

The selection of 33 drivers reflects the traditional 33 starters that comprise the field for the Indianapolis 500 annually.

Indianapolis 500 traditions
Due to the longevity of the Indianapolis 500, numerous traditions surrounding the race have developed over the years. Traditions include procedures for the running of the race, scheduling, and pre-race and post-race festivities. For many fans, these traditions are an important aspect of the race, and they have often reacted quite negatively when the traditions are changed or broken.

As part of the Memorial Day holiday weekend, the pre-race ceremonies of the Indianapolis 500 feature several patriotic songs. Like most other sporting events, the national anthem is performed before the race by a notable vocalist. The most noteworthy and most popular traditions are the annual singing of the chorus of "Back Home Again in Indiana," and the victory lane bottle of milk.
Keres people
The Keres people are one of the Pueblo peoples.  They speak English, Keresan languages, and in one pueblo Keresan Sign Language.

The seven Keres pueblos are:

Cochiti Pueblo or Kotyit ("Stone Kiva"); Cochiti Pueblo people: Kotyitiemeh ("People of the North Mountains, i.e. Cochiti people")

San Felipe Pueblo or Katishtya (People down by the river ”The place where the White Shells are”)

Kewa Pueblo (previously Santo Domingo) or Díiwʾi; Kewa Pueblo people: Dîiwʾamʾé

Zia Pueblo or Tsi'ya (Tsia) ("Sun Symbol"); Zia Pueblo people: Tsʾíiyʾamʾé

Santa Ana Pueblo or Tamaiya (Dámáyá); Santa Ana Pueblo people: Dámáyámʾé (sing.) or Dámáyàamʾèetrạ (pl.)

Acoma Pueblo or Aak'u (Áakʾuʾé or Haak'u) ("Place That Always Was", better known as "Sky City"); Acoma Pueblo people: Áakʾùumʾé (″Acoma People")

Laguna Pueblo or Kawaika (Kawaik) ("Lake"); Laguna Pueblo people: Kʾáwáigamʾé ("People at/from the Small Lake")

The western pueblos, Acoma and Laguna, are the largest by area.

Santa Ana Pueblo
Santa Ana Pueblo (Eastern Keres: Tamaya [tʰɑmɑjːɑ]) is a settlement in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States, of Native Americans who speak an eastern dialect of the Keresan languages. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined this community as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 479. It is part of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. The Pueblo, named Tamaya in Keres, administers a total reservation land of 73,000 acres (295 km2) in the Rio Grande valley.

The pueblo celebrates an annual feast day for its patron saint, St. Anne, on July 26.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1623
United Nations Security Council resolution 1623, adopted unanimously on 13 September 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly resolutions 1386 (2001), 1413 (2002), 1444 (2002), 1510 (2003) and 1563 (2004), and resolutions 1368 (2001) and 1373 (2001) on terrorism, the council extended the authorisation of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) until mid-October 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1563
United Nations Security Council resolution 1563, adopted unanimously on 17 September 2004, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly resolutions 1386 (2001), 1413 (2002), 1444 (2002) and 1510 (2003), and resolutions 1368 (2001) and 1373 (2001) on terrorism, the council extended the authorisation of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) for a further period of one year.
Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research
The Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research (IGIER) is an economic research center of Bocconi University. It was launched in 1990 by Francesco Giavazzi, Mario Monti, and Richard Portes as a joint project of Bocconi University, the CEPR and the NBER and named in memory of Innocenzo Gasparini, former rector of Bocconi University.

IGIER is committed to supporting a research community that shares the values and best practices of the international scientific community. To this end, it provides its scholars with an environment that nurtures frontier and rigorous empirical and theoretical research aiming to make a major impact in economics and the social sciences.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Dahej Port
21°42′N 72°32′E﻿ / ﻿21.700°N 72.533°E﻿ / 21.700; 72.533Dahej is a cargo port situated on the South-west coast of Gujarat, India in Bharuch district. There is 17.5 million tonnes per year capacity LNG terminal operated by Petronet in Dahej.

Chart datum
A chart datum is the water surface serving as origin (or coordinate surface) of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum.  Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) and mean lower low water (MLLW). In non-tidal areas, e.g., the Baltic Sea, mean sea level (MSL) is used.

A chart datum is a type of vertical datum and must not be confused with the horizontal datum for the chart.
However, it is not necessarily an equigeopotential (a water "level surface"): the chart datum is tilted across smaller to larger tidal range regions; in rivers, it is a sloping and undulating surface following the low stage.
Lille Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics
Lille Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics (L2EP - French: Laboratoire d'électrotechnique et d'électronique de puissance de Lille) is a French research laboratory (CNRS EA 2697) focused on electrical engineering. It is located in Lille and is a part of Institut Carnot ARTS and COMUE Lille Nord de France.

L2EP research teams support academic activities in the following institutes of the COMUE Lille Nord de France :

Arts et Métiers ParisTech

École centrale de Lille

HEI

University of Lille

It supports doctoral researches and hosts PhD doctoral candidates in relationship with the European Doctoral College Lille Nord de France.

University of Lille Doctoral College
The University of Lille Doctoral College, formerly the European Doctoral College Lille Nord-de-France, is part of the University of Lille since the dissolution of the Community of Universities and Institutions Lille Nord de France in 2019.

It is a European research centre supporting academic and industrial research institutions in the north of France (Lille - Hauts-de-France). Associated with it are six doctoral schools in the region, for 3,000 registered PhD students in 139 research labs. The University of Lille is the main member.
Mount Helms
Mount Helms (82°4′S 87°58′W﻿ / ﻿82.067°S 87.967°W﻿ / -82.067; -87.967) is a rounded, partly snow-covered peak rising between Mount Semprebon and Mount Oldenburg in the central Martin Hills of Antarctica. The peak was positioned by a United States Antarctic Research Program party led by J. Campbell Craddock in January 1963, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Ward J. Helms, a radioscience researcher at Byrd Station in 1962.

Mount Semprebon
Mount Semprebon (82°4′S 88°1′W﻿ / ﻿82.067°S 88.017°W﻿ / -82.067; -88.017) is a prominent, partly snow-free peak rising 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) northeast of Mount Barsoum in Martin Hills. The peak was positioned by the U.S. Ellworth-Byrd Traverse Party on December 10, 1958, and named for Louis C. Semprebon, an ionospheric physicist and assistant scientific leader at Ellsworth Station in 1958.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Semprebon". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Training stamp
A training stamp is a label resembling a postage stamp that is used by postal authorities to train postal workers. They generally have the same size and shape as regular stamps, but with a minimal design. Alternatively, several countries have simply obliterated their regular stamps in order to make the training process more realistic, for instance Sudan and the United Kingdom.

In some cases, training stamps may be interchangeable with test stamps though test stamps do not need to have a range of values to assist with training postal workers. Although training stamps are not normally available to the general public, some have found their way into private hands, and they are a recognised stamp collecting speciality. Training stamps are a form of cinderella stamp.

Cinderella stamp
In philately, a cinderella stamp is a label that resembles a postage stamp, but which is not issued for postal purposes by a government administration. There is a wide variety of cinderella stamps, such as those printed for promotional use by businesses, churches, or political or non-profit groups. The term excludes imprinted stamps on postal stationery.
Adam Elsheimer
Adam Elsheimer (18 March 1578 – 11 December 1610) was a German Baroque painter who worked in Rome. Though his career was short, his relatively few paintings were very influential in the early 17th century. His works were nearly all small oils  on copper plates, of the type often known as cabinet paintings. They include a variety of light effects, and an innovative treatment of landscape. He was an influence on many other artists, including Rembrandt and Peter Paul Rubens.

Städel
The Städel, officially the Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt, with one of the most important collections in Germany. The museum is located at the Museumsufer on the Sachsenhausen bank of the River Main. The Städel Museum owns 3,100 paintings, 660 sculptures, more than 4,600 photographs and more than 100,000 drawings and prints. It has around 7,000 m2 (75,000 ft2) of display and a library of 115,000 books.

In 2012, the Städel was honoured as Museum of the Year by the German art critics association AICA. In the same year the museum recorded the highest attendance figures in its history, of 447,395 visitors. In 2020 the museum had 318,732 visitors, down 45 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked 71st on the list of most-visited art museums in 2020.