hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kienning Colloquial Romanized
The  Kienning Colloquial Romanized Alphabet (建寧府土腔羅馬字, Gṳ̿ing-nǎing Lô̤-mǎ-cī) is a romanization system adopted by Western missionaries to compile the Kienning dialect (modern day Jian'ou City) of the Northern Min language in the Fujian Province of China.

Jian'ou dialect
The Jian'ou dialect (Northern Min: Gṳ̿ing-é-dī / 建甌事; Chinese: simplified Chinese: 建瓯话; traditional Chinese: 建甌話; pinyin: Jiàn'ōuhuà), also known as Kienow dialect, is a local dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jian'ou in northern Fujian province. It is regarded as the standard common language in Jian'ou.
William Frederick Koch
William Frederick Koch (1885–1967) was a U.S. medical doctor and pharmaceutical entrepreneur.  In the 1940s he marketed glyoxylide, a drug which he claimed would cure cancer. The claims were never scientifically proved, and he was considered a charlatan by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Butlerov (crater)
Butlerov is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, beyond the western limb and past the area sometimes brought into view through libration. It is located one crater diameter to the west of the crater Pease. Further to the west is the larger Kolhörster.

This is a regular crater formation with a nearly circular rim that has a slight outward bulge along the southern edge. A smaller crater is attached to the outside of the northwestern rim. The interior is somewhat rough, but lacks a central peak.

Kolhörster (crater)
Kolhörster is a lunar impact crater that is located on the Moon's far side. It lies about a crater-diameter to the south-southeast of the crater Kamerlingh Onnes, and to the northeast of the crater Michelson. To the south of Kolhörster is an area marked with crater chains formed from secondary impacts during the creation of the Mare Imbrium impact basin. About one crater-diameter to the southeast is the Catena Leuschner crater chain, while further to the south is Catena Michelson.

The rim of this crater is marked in several locations by smaller impacts that lie along or across the side. Only the west-northwestern part is relatively free from impacts. The northeastern rim is somewhat indented into the interior of the crater. Within the interior the floor is relatively featureless and level, with only a few tiny craterlets to mark the surface.
Ray Gibbon Drive
Ray Gibbon Drive, referred to as the West Regional Road during proposal and planning stages, is a major arterial road in St. Albert, Alberta. With the exception of the Edmonton portion of 184 Street, it is only partially constructed as a two-lane road. Currently, it is 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) long and runs between Anthony Henday Drive and Villeneuve Road. It was named at the official opening of Stage One in October 2007, after former mayor of St. Albert Ray Gibbon, who served from 1968 to 1974 and again in 1989. Gibbon died in 1999, but his wife and family were present for the official opening, riding in the vintage lead vehicle for the first use of the road.

Ray Gibbon Drive preceded in Edmonton as 184 Street, an arterial road which begins at 100 Avenue and travels north to Anthony Henday Drive.

100 Avenue
100 Avenue is a major arterial road in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

The road starts as Stony Plain Road (Alberta Highway 16A), and as it approaches Anthony Henday Drive it separates into westbound and eastbound one-way streets. The westbound lanes occupy the 101 Avenue alignment, keeping the name Stony Plain Road, while the eastbound street becomes 100 Avenue. 100 Avenue passes through a commercial area, through the major intersection of 170 Street and Mayfield Road, before becoming its own two-way street at 163 Street; it is also known as John and Zita Rosen Way between 178 Street and 170 Street. It passes by MacEwan University Centre for the Arts Campus before arterial 149 Street, which can be used to get back on Stony Plain Road if one were on the way to downtown.
Sea ice brine pocket
A sea ice brine pocket is an area of fluid sea water with a high salt concentration trapped in sea ice as it freezes. Due to the nature of their formation, brine pockets are most commonly found in areas below −2 °C (28 °F), where it is sufficiently cold for seawater to freeze and form sea ice. Though the high salinity and low light conditions of brine pockets create a challenging environment for marine mammals, brine pockets serve as a habitat for various microbes. Sampling and studying these pockets requires specialized equipment to accommodate the hypersaline conditions and subzero temperatures.

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO−.  This zwitterionic metabolite can be found in marine phytoplankton, seaweeds, and some species of terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants. It functions as an osmolyte as well as several other physiological and environmental roles have also been identified. DMSP was first identified in the marine red alga Polysiphonia fastigiata.
Madam Secretary season 4
The fourth season of Madam Secretary an American political drama television series originally aired in the United States on CBS from October 8, 2017, through May 20, 2018. This season was produced by CBS Television Studios, with Barbara Hall and Lori McCreary as showrunner and executive producer, respectively. Debuting on September 21, 2014. Madam Secretary was renewed for a fifth season on April 18, 2018.

Madam Secretary (TV series)
Madam Secretary (titled Madam President for its sixth and final season) is an American political drama television series created by Barbara Hall, with Morgan Freeman and Lori McCreary as executive producers. It stars Téa Leoni as Elizabeth McCord, a former CIA analyst and political science professor who is appointed as the United States Secretary of State following the suspicious death of her predecessor.

Madam Secretary ran on CBS from September 21, 2014, to December 8, 2019, for a total of 120 episodes aired.
DJ Yonny
DJ Yonny (born Jonathan Ávila; May 17) is an American DJ, producer and remixer. Known for his time on New York City's radio station WBMP and on Philadelphia's radio station WRDW-FM. He is also a member of The Heavy Hitters DJs.

You Ain't Got It (Funk That)
"You Ain't Got It (Funk That)" (also titled as "You Ain't Got It" and stylized as "YOU AIN'T GOT IT!") is a song by American pop duo Nina Sky. It was released as the main single from their second EP The Other Side on July 8, 2010. The song samples Sagat's 1994 minor-hit "Funk Dat". On their EP, there is a remix, featuring MeLo-X. The song was one of the first songs recorded for album.
Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program
The Cottonseed Oil Assistance Program (COAP), along with the Sunflower Oil Assistance Program (SOAP), was one of two programs that awarded bonuses to exporters to assist in exports of U.S. vegetable oil to targeted markets.  Funds for the programs were authorized to be made available under Section 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1935 (P.L. 74-320).  The provision in the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988 (P.L. 100–387) that authorized the COAP to begin in fiscal year 1989 expired at the end of fiscal year 1995. However, the USDA appropriations act for FY1996 (P.L. 104–37, October 21, 1995) provided authority to operate the program in fiscal year 1996.  COAP was not reauthorized by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127), although export subsidies for cottonseed oil can be financed under the Export Enhancement Program (EEP).

Export Enhancement Program
The Export Enhancement Program (EEP) is a program that the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) initiated in May 1985 under the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act to help U.S. exporters meet competitors’ subsidized prices in targeted markets.  The program currently is authorized through 2007 under the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107–171).  Under EEP, exporters are awarded cash payments that enable an exporter to sell certain commodities to specified countries at competitive prices.  EEP program activity is constrained by annual dollar and tonnage limits on commodities that can be subsidized, as agreed to under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, and these annual limits are incorporated into the EEP authorizing legislation. In practice, the program has been used very little since the mid-1990s.
Wudadihou
Wudadihou (Chinese: 烏達鞮侯; died 46 AD) was a chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire. The son and successor of Huduershidaogao, he reigned for a few months in 46 AD before dying. He was succeeded by his brother Punu.

Chanyu
Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 单于; traditional Chinese: 單于; pinyin: Chányú) or Shanyu (Chinese: 善于), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Chinese: 撐犁孤塗單于; pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries  until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD.  The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).  It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.
Mangaliso Ndlovu
Nqobizitha Mangaliso Ndlovu (born 16 November 1980) is a Zimbabwean parliamentarian and minister. He is affiliated with ZANU–PF and represented the constituency of Bulilima East. He is ZANU-PF Matabeleland South Provincial Chairman, and he  served as the Minister of Industry and Commerce, and Enterprise Development following the 2018 election. In November 2019, he was appointed as Zimbabwe's Minister of Environment, Climate Change, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, replacing Prisca Mupfumira. In September 2023, he was appointed Minister of Environment, Climate, and Wildlife. In March 2024 following cabinet reshuffle, Ndlovu was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce.

Priscah Mupfumira
Prisca Mupfumira, or Priscah Mupfumira, is a Zimbabwean politician and former government minister under President Robert Mugabe. When the President was replaced by Emmerson Mnangagwa, she was the first serving ZANU–PF minister to be arrested for corruption.
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis is a form of familial adenomatous polyposis, a cancer syndrome. It is a pre-malignant disease that can develop into colorectal cancer. A patient will have fewer than a hundred polyps located typically in right side of the colon.  Cancer might develop as early as the age of five, though typically presents later than classical FAP.

Hereditary cancer syndrome
A hereditary cancer syndrome (familial/family cancer syndrome, inherited cancer syndrome, cancer predisposition syndrome, cancer syndrome, etc.) is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause early onset of these cancers. Hereditary cancer syndromes often show not only a high lifetime risk of developing cancer, but also the development of multiple independent primary tumors.

Many of these syndromes are caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes, genes that are involved in protecting the cell from turning cancerous. Other genes that may be affected are DNA repair genes, oncogenes and genes involved in the production of blood vessels (angiogenesis). Common examples of inherited cancer syndromes are hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome).
USS Mainstay
USS Mainstay (AM-261) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
Fastenrath Award
Two institutions grant the Fastenrath Awards: Fundación Premio Fastenrath  awards writers of Spanish nationality and their Spanish works and Premi Fastenrath for Catalan works. Both were instituted with the posthumous legacy of Johannes Fastenrath Hürxthal.

Floral Games
Floral Games were any of a series of historically related poetry contests with floral prizes. In Occitan, their original language, and Catalan they are known as Jocs florals (Catalan: [ˈʒɔks fluˈɾals], Valencian: [ˈdʒɔks floˈɾals]; modern Occitan: Jòcs florals [ˈdʒɔks fluˈɾals] or floraus [fluˈɾaws]). In French, they became the Jeux floraux (pronounced [ʒø flɔʁo]), and in Basque Lore jokoak (pronounced [loɾe jokoak]). The original contests may have been inspired by the Roman Floralia (Ludi Floreales) held in honour of Flora.
Gmina Ciepielów
Gmina Ciepielów [ˈɡmina_t͡ɕɛˈpjɛluf] is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Ciepielów, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Lipsko and 115 km (71 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 135.3 square kilometres (52.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,789.

Lipsko County
Lipsko County (Polish: powiat lipski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Lipsko, which lies 127 kilometres (79 mi) south of Warsaw. The only other town in this county is Solec nad Wisłą.

The county covers an area of 747.58 square kilometres (288.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 34,028, out of which the population of Lipsko is 5,501 and the rural population is 28,527.
Lauvknubben
Lauvknubben or Skårvangen is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,748-metre (5,735 ft) tall mountain is located inside the Reinheimen National Park, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of the village of Vågåmo and about 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of the village of Fossbergom. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Kjølen, Søre Kjølhaugen, and Knatthøin to the north; Ryggehøe, Skardtind, Rundkollan, and Storbrettingskollen to the northwest; and Gjerdinghøe to the east.

Søre Kjølhaugen
Søre Kjølhaugen is a mountain in Lesja Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,765-metre (5,791 ft) tall mountain lies inside Reinheimen National Park, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Lesja. The mountain is surrounded by several other mountains including Knatthøin which is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the southeast, Skardtind which is about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the southwest, and Kjølen which is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest.
Las Vegas CityLife
Las Vegas CityLife was an American alternative weekly newspaper founded in August 1996. It was the oldest such newspaper in Southern Nevada and covered news about the Las Vegas Valley and surrounding areas. Coverage included news, politics, arts, and culture reporting in print and online formats. It folded in 2014.

Las Vegas Review-Journal
The Las Vegas Review-Journal is a daily subscription newspaper published in Las Vegas, Nevada, since 1909. It is the largest circulating daily newspaper in Nevada and one of two daily newspapers in the Las Vegas area. The Review-Journal has been owned by Sheldon Adelson since 2015. The paper has a joint operating agreement with The Greenspun Corporation-owned Las Vegas Sun, which runs through 2040.
Hanover Airport station
Hanover Airport (German: Bahnhof Hannover Flughafen) is a railway station located under the terminal of Hanover Airport, Germany. The station is located on a branch of the Heath Railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn as part of the Hanover S-Bahn.

Heath Railway
The Heath Railway (German: Heidebahn) is a regional railway line in North Germany that crosses the Lüneburg Heath from which it derives its name. Most of the line is unelectrified and single-tracked. It links Buchholz in der Nordheide with Hanover, the capital city of Lower Saxony. Together with the east-west Uelzen–Langwedel railway, this north-south line is one of the two most important railways on the heath.
Ethylbromazolam
Ethylbromazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative which has been sold as a designer drug. It is structurally similar to bromazolam, only differing by the substitution of the methyl group for an ethyl group on the triazole ring. It has been found in combination with it's synthetic precursor desalkylgidazepam in samples expected to contain alprazolam alone.

Bromazolam
Bromazolam (XLI-268) is a triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) which was first synthesised in 1976, but was never marketed. It has subsequently been sold as a designer drug, first being definitively identified by the EMCDDA in Sweden in 2016. It is the bromo instead of chloro analogue of alprazolam and has similar sedative and anxiolytic effects to it and other benzodiazepines. Bromazolam is a non subtype selective agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors, with a binding affinity of 2.81 nM at the α1 subtype, 0.69 nM at α2 and 0.62 nM at α5. The "common" dosage range for users of bromazolam was reported to be 1–2 mg, suggesting its potency is similar to alprazolam.
Clytha Park
Clytha Park, Clytha, Monmouthshire, is a 19th-century Neoclassical country house, "the finest early nineteenth century Greek Revival house in the county." The wider estate encompasses Monmouthshire's "two outstanding examples of late eighteenth century Gothic", the gates to the park and Clytha Castle. The owners were the Jones family, later Herbert, of Treowen and Llanarth Court. It is a Grade I listed building.

Although owned by the National Trust, as of April 2021 the house is occupied by tenants and is not open to individuals, but may be visited by "heritage or conservation-based groups" by prior appointment.

The park surrounding the house is listed Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales as a “very fine example of a late 18th-century landscape”.

John Newman (architectural historian)
John Arthur Newman FSA (14 December 1936 – 19 April 2023) was an English architectural historian. He was the author of several of the Pevsner Architectural Guides and was the advisory editor to the series.
Dictyonema aeruginosulum
Dictyonema aeruginosulum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Characteristics of the lichen include its distinctive finger-like projections and blue-green hue. It is distinguishable from its closest relatives by its unique morphology and the absence of clamp connections in its structure. Dictyonema aeruginosulum is an epiphyte, forming thick mats on tree trunks within rainforest regions. The species was first identified in Costa Rica's Tenorio Volcano National Park, and it has only been recorded from this location.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
East India Dock Road
East India Dock Road is a major arterial route from Limehouse to Canning Town in London. The road takes its name from the former East India Docks in the Port of London. To the west it becomes Commercial Road and to the east Newham Way. It forms part of the A13, a major road connecting the historic City of London to Tilbury and Southend.

Canning Town
Canning Town is a district of West Ham in the London Borough of Newham, East London, England, north of the Royal Victoria Dock. Its urbanisation was largely due to the creation of the dock. The area was part of the ancient parish and County Borough of West Ham. It forms part of the London E16 postcode district.

The area is undergoing significant regeneration as of 2012, with the building of up to 10,000 new homes.
ER = EPR
ER = EPR is a conjecture in physics stating that two entangled particles (a so-called Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen or EPR pair) are connected by a wormhole (or Einstein–Rosen bridge) and is thought by some to be a basis for unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics into a theory of everything.

Juan Maldacena
Juan Martín Maldacena (Latin American Spanish: [maldaˈsena]; born 10 September 1968) is an Argentine theoretical physicist and the Carl P. Feinberg Professor in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. He has made significant contributions to the foundations of string theory and quantum gravity. His most famous discovery is the AdS/CFT correspondence, a realization of the holographic principle in string theory.
Wierzchy, Poddębice County
Wierzchy [ˈvjɛʂxɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Zadzim, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Poddębice, and 40 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zadzim
Zadzim [ˈzad͡ʑim] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zadzim. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.