hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginiamycin
Virginiamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic similar to pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. It is a combination of pristinamycin IIA (virginiamycin M1) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin is used in the fuel ethanol industry to prevent microbial contamination.  It is also used in agriculture, specifically in livestock, to accelerate the growth of the animals and to prevent and treat infections.  Antibiotics also save as much as 30% in feed costs among young swine, although the savings fade as pigs get older, according to a USDA study.

Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Quinupristin/dalfopristin, or quinupristin-dalfopristin, (pronunciation: kwi NYOO pris tin / dal FOE pris tin) (trade name Synercid) is a combination of two antibiotics used to treat infections caused by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Quinupristin and dalfopristin are both streptogramin antibiotics, derived from pristinamycin. Quinupristin is derived from pristinamycin IA; dalfopristin from pristinamycin IIA. They are combined in a weight-to-weight ratio of 30% quinupristin to 70% dalfopristin. Discontinued 2022, there are no other manufacturers of this medication.
Satish Ramnath Shetye
Satish Ramnath Shetye (born 1950) is an Indian geophysicist, oceanographer and a former vice chancellor of the University of Goa. 
He is a former director of the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and is known for his researches on the monsoon-driven currents along the Indian coast. He is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India as well as the Indian Geophysical Union. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 1992.

Indian Monsoon Current
The Indian Monsoon Current refers to the seasonally varying ocean current regime found in the tropical regions of the northern Indian Ocean.  During winter, the flow of the upper ocean is directed westward from near the Indonesian Archipelago to the Arabian Sea.  During the summer, the direction reverses, with eastward flow extending from Somalia into the Bay of Bengal.  These variations are due to changes in the wind stress associated with the Indian monsoon.  The seasonally reversing open ocean currents that pass south of India are referred to as the Winter Monsoon Current and the Summer Monsoon Current (alternately, the Northeast Monsoon Current and the Southwest Monsoon Current). The cold Somali Current, which is strongly linked to the Indian monsoon, is also discussed in this article.
Jacob Pozer
Jacob Pozer (1777 – October 15, 1822) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented William-Henry in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1812 to 1814.

He was born in Schoharie, New York or New York City, the son of Johann Georg "George" Pfotzer and Magdalen Sneider, and went to England with his parents in 1783. In 1785, the family came to Quebec City. Pozer entered his father's business, later going into business on his own. He operated a brewery leased from John Young and was also involved in farming and raising horses. Pozer lived in William Henry for a number of years. In 1802, he married Ann Dorge there. He was elected to the assembly in an 1812 by-election held after Edward Bowen was named to the bench; Pozer did not run for reelection in 1814. He died in Quebec City.

His niece Georgianna Maria Pozer married John Pickel.

John Young (seigneur)
John Young (c. 1759 – September 14, 1819) was a seigneur, businessman, judge, and political figure in Lower Canada.  He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from June 1792 until his death.
Bishops' Conference of Indonesia
The Bishops' Conference of Indonesia (BCI; Indonesian: Konferensi Waligereja Indonesia, KWI) is the episcopal conference of the Catholic bishops of Indonesia. It was constituted in November 1955, in Surabaya as the Supreme Council of Indonesian Bishops (MAWI/Majelis Agung Waligereja Indonesia). KWI is a part of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences.

Archdiocese of Makassar
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Makassar (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Makassarensis) is an archdiocese located in the city of Makassar in  South Sulawesi in Indonesia.

It covers parishes located in the administrative provinces of South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi.
Nerriga, New South Wales
Nerriga (/nɛrəɡə/) is a small village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.  It is situated at the edge of Morton National Park, on the Braidwood - Nowra road. The population of Nerriga and the surrounding localities at the 2016 census was 72.

Southern Tablelands
The Southern Tablelands is a geographic area of New South Wales, Australia, located south-west of Sydney and generally west of the Great Dividing Range.

The area is characterised by high, flat country which has generally been extensively cleared and used for grazing purposes.  The area is easily accessible to the Australian federal capital city of Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. The area is included with the Southern Highlands and parts of the South West Slopes in the district that is known as Capital Country. In a wider sense, the term "Southern Tablelands" is also sometimes used to describe a broader region that includes the Monaro, the Southern Highlands and Australia's capital Canberra. The Southern Tablelands Temperate Grassland is a prominent vegetation community in the region.
Trumbull College
Trumbull College is one of fourteen undergraduate residential colleges of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. The college is named for Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut from 1769 to 1784 and advisor and friend to General George Washington. A Harvard College graduate, Trumbull was the only colonial governor to support the American Revolution.

Opened in September 1933, Trumbull College is one of the eight Yale colleges designed by James Gamble Rogers and the only one funded by John W. Sterling. Its Collegiate Gothic buildings form the Sterling Quadrangle, which Rogers planned to harmonize with his adjacent Sterling Memorial Library.

Timothy Dwight College
Timothy Dwight College, commonly abbreviated and referred to as "TD", is a residential college at Yale University named after two presidents of Yale, Timothy Dwight IV and his grandson, Timothy Dwight V. The college was designed in 1935 by James Gamble Rogers in the Federal-style architecture popular during the elder Timothy Dwight's presidency and was most recently renovated in 2002. In 2021, TD won its Yale-leading 14th Tyng Cup, the championship prize for Yale's year-long intramural athletic competition among the fourteen residential colleges. The current head of college is Michal Beth Dinkler and the current dean is Sarah Mahurin.
Norell Oson Bard
Norell Oson Bard was a Swedish songwriting and production trio made up of Tim Norell, Ola Håkansson and Alexander Bard.

Norell Oson Bard's production output peaked around the year 1990, creating pop music and disco hits for Swedish artists.

Norell died from cancer on 16 December 2023, at the age of 68.

Jerry Williams (singer)
Erik Sven Fernström (15 April 1942 – 25 March 2018), known by his stage name Jerry Williams, was a Swedish singer and actor. He began his career as the lead singer of The Violents, before launching a solo career.
Air brake (road vehicle)
An air brake or, more formally, a compressed-air-brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on a piston is used to both release the parking/emergency brakes in order to move the vehicle, and also to apply pressure to the brake pads or brake shoes to slow and stop the vehicle.  Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple trailers which must be linked into the brake system, such as  trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers, in addition to their use in railroad trains. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service. He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872.  Westinghouse made numerous alterations to improve his air pressured brake invention, which led to various forms of the automatic brake.  In the early 20th century, after its advantages were proven in railway use, it was adopted by manufacturers of trucks and heavy road vehicles.

Relief valve
A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or  limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.
Cumulus oophorus
The cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle, it may be regarded as an extension of the membrana granulosa. The innermost layer of these cells is the corona radiata.

This layer of cells must be penetrated by spermatozoa for fertilization to occur.

Ovarian follicle
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle. In humans, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles at the time of puberty, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. These eggs are developed once every menstrual cycle with around 300-400 being ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime.
Big Snow Mountain
Big Snow Mountain is a prominent 6,680-foot (2,040-metre) mountain summit located 7 mi (11 km) north of Snoqualmie Pass in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness in eastern King County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Snoqualmie and Skykomish Rivers. The nearest higher peak is Overcoat Peak, 3.75 mi (6.04 km) to the east-southeast.

Alpine Lakes Wilderness
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness is a large wilderness area spanning the Central Cascades of Washington state in the United States. The wilderness is located in parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Snoqualmie National Forest, and is approximately bounded by Interstate 90 and Snoqualmie Pass to the south and U.S. Route 2 and Stevens Pass to the north. The Alpine Lakes is the largest wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, counted at 414,161 acres (167,605 ha) following the 2014 expansion.
Sodium tartrate
Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6) is a salt used as an emulsifier and a binding agent in food products such as jellies, margarine, and sausage casings.  As a food additive, it is known by the E number E335.

It is made by the combination reaction of baking soda/sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with tartaric acid.

Because its crystal structure captures a very precise amount of water, it is also a common primary standard for Karl Fischer titration, a common technique to assay water content.

Tartaric acid
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados,  and citrus. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation. Potassium bitartrate is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart its distinctive sour taste. Naturally occurring tartaric acid is a useful raw material in organic synthesis. Tartaric acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.
Ricky Lawson
William Riser III (November 8, 1954 – December 23, 2013), better known as Ricky Lawson or Ricky Remo, was an American drummer and composer. A native of Detroit, Michigan, he worked extensively as a session musician, collaborating with Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Whitney Houston, Steely Dan, Earl Klugh, Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and other artists. He co-founded the jazz-fusion band Yellowjackets and won the 1987 Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance for "And You Know That" from their album Shades.

Nathan East
Nathan Harrell East (born December 8, 1955) is an American jazz, R&B, and rock bass guitarist and vocalist. With more than 2,000 recordings, East is one of the most recorded bass players in the history of music. East holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in music from the University of California, San Diego (1978). He is a founding member of contemporary jazz quartet Fourplay and has recorded, performed, and co-written songs with performers such as Bobby Womack, Eric Clapton, Michael Jackson, Joe Satriani, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Phil Collins, Stevie Wonder, Toto, Kenny Loggins, Daft Punk, Chick Corea, and Herbie Hancock.
Rammam River
Rammam River is river in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. It originates in the Singalila range and has much of its course through Darjeeling district. One city that the river flows through is Murmidang. Lodhoma River is a tributary of Rammam. Rammam finally merges with the Rangeet River near Jorethang. Rammam Hydel Power Station is a major hydropower project of West Bengal State Electricity Board.

Rangeet River
The Rangeet or Rangit is a tributary of the Teesta River, which is the largest river in the Indian state of Sikkim. The Rangeet originates in the Himalayan mountains in West Sikkim district. The river also forms the boundary between Sikkim and Darjeeling district. A perennial river, it is fed by the melting snow of the Himalayas in early summer and the monsoon rains in June–September. It is popular among rafting enthusiasts owing to its turbulent waters. The river flows past the towns of Jorethang, Pelling and Legship. During its final few kilometres, it joins the Teesta River at a confluence known as Tribeni, which is a popular picnic spot. The Rangeet River has an NHPC hydropower plant with a capacity of 60 megawatts (80,000 hp) in Sikkim.
Administrative divisions of Evenk Autonomous Okrug
Evenk Autonomous Okrug was a federal subject of Russia until December 31, 2006.  On January 1, 2007, it was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai along with Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  During the transitional period it retains a special administrative status within Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Districts:
Evenkiysky (Эвенкийский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Tura (Тура) (administrative center)
with 3 selsovets under the district's jurisdiction.
Baykitsky (Байкитский)
Ilimpiyskiy (Илимпийский)
Tungussko-Chunsky (Тунгусско-Чунский)

Baykitsky District
61°20′0″N 97°0′0″E﻿ / ﻿61.33333°N 97.00000°E﻿ / 61.33333; 97.00000
Baykitsky District (Russian: Байкитский район)  was a former district (raion), one of the three in the former Evenk Autonomous Okrug, which was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai on 1 January 2007.
Lime softening
Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation. The process is also effective at removing a variety of microorganisms and dissolved organic matter by flocculation.

Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of  floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.

Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in fermentation and water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.
Umbau-Wagen
The Umbau-Wagen or Umbauwagen was a type of German railway passenger coach operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) which appeared in the mid-1950s. The name means "rebuild coach" and they were made by rebuilding or converting former state railway (Länderbahn) compartment coaches, many of which were over 30 years old.

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
Allgreave
Allgreave is a village in the civil parishes of Macclesfield Forest and Wildboarclough and Wincle, in the Cheshire East district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It lies on the A54 (Buxton to Congleton) road, near to the border with Staffordshire.

Allgreave Methodist Chapel is situated in a sharp bend of the A54. The Rose and Crown public house also stands on the main road.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
Arzu Göllü
Arzu Göllü (born 1969) is a retired Turkish volleyball player. She is one of the most talented female volleyball players in Turkish sports history and daughter of Cengiz Göllü, the legendary volleyball player, who also served as the technical director of Turkish national volleyball team for many years.

She is 172 cm, and plays as settler. She is signed for Galatasaray Medical Park.

She started her professional career with Eczacıbaşı Istanbul where she played for 9 years, till 2000, and earned her ongoing reputation as the "captain" of the best known women's volleyball team in Turkey.

She also played for Beşiktaş J.K. and Karşıyaka S.K. and she wore the captain strip for Beşiktaş J.K. and Karşıyaka S.K. as well as Eczacıbaşı Istanbul.

She played over 270 times for the Turkish National Volleyball Team during her successful career.

Karşıyaka S.K.
Karşıyaka Spor Kulübü (Turkish for Karşıyaka Sports Club), better known as simply Karşıyaka, is a Turkish sports club located in Karşıyaka, İzmir. Founded in 1912, they are İzmir's oldest club. Like others in Turkey, the "SK" suffix refers to the establishment being a sports club, as, besides football, the club has sports branches in basketball, volleyball, tennis, sailing and fencing. The club's football team currently competes in the TFF Third League,  the fourth tier of the Turkish football league system. The basketball team currently competes in the Turkish Basketball League and the women's volleyball team in the Turkish Women's Second League.

Karşıyaka has a very large fanbase in Northern İzmir, and have a fierce rivalry with Göztepe; matches between the two teams are known as the İzmir Derby. Other rivalries are with Altay and Bucaspor.
Przyrownica
Przyrownica [pʂɨrɔvˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Wodzierady, 21 km (13 mi) north of Łask, and 28 km (17 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wodzierady
Wodzierady [vɔd͡ʑɛˈradɨ] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wodzierady. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of Łask and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
Hungary in World War I
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Hungary was part of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Although there are no significant battles specifically connected to Hungarian regiments, the troops suffered high losses throughout the war as the Empire suffered defeat after defeat. The result was the breakup of the Empire and eventually, Hungary suffered severe territorial losses by the closing Trianon Peace Treaty.

Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia. The continued series of actions lasted the majority of the campaigning season for 1915, starting in early May and only ending due to bad weather in October.

Mackensen viewed securing a breakthrough as the first phase of an operation, which would then lead to a Russian retreat from the Dukla Pass, and their positions north of the Vistula.: 201
Konya Tram
The Konya Tram is a tram system located in the city of Konya in Turkey. Konya's first tram line was opened on 15 April 1992. The system is 41 km long with two lines, and has 41 stations. The network is among the most heavily used in Turkey.

Selçuk University
Selçuk University (Turkish: Selçuk Üniversitesi) is a state-owned higher educational institution which was founded 1975 in Konya, Turkey. It is one of the largest universities in Turkey with a student body of 63,000 of which 2,200 are foreign students from 105 countries.

As of 2023, the university is ranked 20th by  Times Higher Education, 22nd by METU URAP and 16th by EduRank within Turkey.
Yuan Xian
Yuan Xian (born 515 BC), courtesy name Zisi or Yuan Si, was a Chinese philosopher who was a major disciple of Confucius. Classic Chinese sources stated he was modest and incorruptible, and adhered strictly to the teachings of Confucius despite living in abject poverty.

Disciples of Confucius
According to Sima Qian, Confucius said: "The disciples who received my instructions, and could themselves comprehend them, were seventy-seven individuals. They were all scholars of extraordinary ability." It was traditionally believed that Confucius had three thousand students, but that only 72 mastered what he taught. The following is a list of students who have been identified as Confucius's followers. Very little is known of most of Confucius's students, but some of them are mentioned in the Analects of Confucius. Many of their biographies are recorded in the Sima Qian's Shiji. The Six Arts were practiced by the 72 disciples.