hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sadarghat Bridge
Sadarghat Bridge is a bridge in Silchar city of Assam, India, which crosses the Barak River. This bridge is the only bridge built on the Barak River in Silchar city. The bridge is the only way to reach Kumbhirgram Airport, Silchar from Silchar.

Silchar
Silchar is a city and the headquarters of the Cachar district of the state of Assam, India. It is second largest city of Assam after Guwahati in terms of population and GDP. It is located 343 kilometres (213 mi; 185 nmi) south east of Guwahati. It was founded by Captain Thomas Fisher in 1832 when he shifted the headquarters of Cachar to Janiganj in Silchar. It earned the moniker "Island of Peace" from Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India. Silchar is the site of the world's first polo club and the first competitive polo match. In 1985, an Air India flight from Kolkata to Silchar became the world's first all-women crew flight. Silchar was a tea town and Cachar club was the meeting point for tea planters.
1989 US Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles tournament at the 1989 US Open was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989, on the outdoor hard courts of the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. John McEnroe and Mark Woodforde won the title, defeating Ken Flach and Robert Seguso in the final.

1989 US Open (tennis)
The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989.
Archdiocese of Vrhbosna
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vrhbosna (also known as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sarajevo; Croatian: Vrhbosanska nadbiskupija metropolija) is an ecclesiastical archdiocese of the Catholic Church. Its territorial remit includes the eastern  parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the entirety of the Republic of North Macedonia. Its episcopal see is the city of Sarajevo (Vrhbosna), the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The archdiocese has the following suffragans: in North Macedonia the Diocese of Skopje; in Bosnia, the dioceses of Banja Luka, Mostar-Duvno and Trebinje-Mrkan.

Vrhbosna's cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Sarajevo. Tomo Vukšić currently serves as the archbishop of the archdiocese.

Diocese of Dubrovnik
The Diocese of Dubrovnik (Croatian: Dubrovačka biskupija); or Ragusa (Latin: Dioecesis Ragusiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southern Croatia. The diocese is centred in the city of Dubrovnik. It was first erected in 990. From 1120 to 1828 it was elevated to the status of archdiocese. By papal bull Locum Beati Petri it was degraded to the level of a diocese in 1828.

The Cathedral of Assumption in Dubrovnik was built in 1713 after the previous cathedral was destroyed in an earthquake. Current bishop Roko Glasnović is head of the diocese. He was appointed by Pope Francis in 2021. Dubrovnik's patron saint is Saint Blaise (locally called Sveti Vlaho).
National Chung Hsing University
National Chung Hsing University (NCHU; Chinese: 國立中興大學; lit. National Resurgence University) is a national public research university in South District, Taichung, Taiwan. It is one of the four universities of the Taiwan Comprehensive University System, a university alliance in Taiwan.

University alliances in Taiwan
There are several major university alliances in Taiwan, mostly organized in 2002, intentionally modelled after other university systems. The key steps in such integration may include pooling of resources such as libraries and some co-ordinated budgeting.
Alberta Flying Heritage Museum
The Alberta Flying Heritage Museum was a proposed aviation museum to be built at Villeneuve Airport in Sturgeon County, Alberta, Canada. It was intended to supplement the Alberta Aviation Museum collection in the City of Edmonton as a result of the closure of the Edmonton City Centre Airport.

Alberta Aviation Museum
The Alberta Aviation Museum is an aviation museum located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The museum is located on-site at the former Edmonton City Centre (Blatchford Field) Airport on the southwest corner of the field (11410 Kingsway NW).

The museum operates daily except for Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Years Day.
Kiyoshi Ikenaga
Kiyoshi Ikenaga (池永清, Ikenaga Kiyoshi; born 1966) is a Shiatsu Master, Shiatsupractor (SPR), Chairperson and CEO of the Canadian College of Shiatsu Therapy, Founder/Director of the Canadian Shiatsu Society of BC, Director of the Canada Branch of the Japan Shiatsu Association, and Registered Instructor of the International Shiatsu Association.

Shiatsu
Shiatsu (/ʃiˈæts-, -ˈɑːtsuː/ shee-AT-, -⁠AHT-soo; 指圧) is a form of Japanese bodywork based on concepts in traditional Chinese medicine such as qi meridians. Having been popularized in the twentieth century by Tokujiro Namikoshi (1905–2000), shiatsu derives from the older Japanese massage modality called anma.

There is no scientific evidence that shiatsu will prevent or cure any disease. Although it is considered a generally safe treatment — if sometimes painful — there have been reports of adverse health effects arising from its use, a few of them serious.
2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League C
The 2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League C was the third and lowest division of the 2023–24 edition of the UEFA Women's Nations League, the inaugural season of the international football competition involving the women's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The results were used to determine the leagues for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying competition.

2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League
The 2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League was the inaugural season of the UEFA Women's Nations League, an international women's football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The league phase of the competition was played between September and December 2023, with the finals tournament taking place in February 2024. The results also determined the leagues for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying competition, and which two teams (in addition to hosts France) qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
Møbelringen Cup 2013
Møbelringen Cup 2013 was the 13th edition of the women's handball tournament Møbelringen Cup. It was played in Drammen in Norway from 29 November to 1 December 2013, as a lead up to the 2013 World Championship. France was the defending champion, and Norway won the tournament.

Posten Cup
The Posten Cup, formerly known as the Møbelringen Cup and Intersport Cup, is an annual women's handball tournament arranged by the Norwegian Handball Federation. Norway plus three invited national teams compete for the title, normally in a single round-robin format.

The tournament is usually held in November, prior to the European or World Championship. It was first arranged in 2001, when the Norwegian Handball Federation reached an agreement with furniture company Møbelringen. From 2019 to 2022 it was known as Intersport Cup, after which it was renamed to Posten Cup since 2023.
2018 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil
The 2018 Challenger Ciudad de Guayaquil was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Guayaquil, Ecuador between October 29 and November 3, 2018.

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour, in 2018, was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2018 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 159 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $50,000 up to $150,000. It was the 41st edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 10th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Amt Brieskow-Finkenheerd
Amt Brieskow-Finkenheerd is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Oder-Spree, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Brieskow-Finkenheerd.

The Amt Brieskow-Finkenheerd consists of the following municipalities:

Brieskow-Finkenheerd

Groß Lindow

Vogelsang

Wiesenau

Ziltendorf

Oder-Spree
Oder-Spree is a Kreis (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany. Neighboring are (from north clockwise) the district Märkisch-Oderland, the district-free city Frankfurt (Oder), Poland, the districts Spree-Neiße and Dahme-Spreewald, and the Bundesland Berlin.
Bhāsa
Bhāsa is one of the earliest Indian playwrights in Sanskrit, predating Kālidasa. Estimates of his floruit range from the 4th century BCE to the 4th century CE; the thirteen plays attributed to him are commonly dated closer to the first or second century CE.

Bhasa's plays had been lost for centuries until the manuscripts were rediscovered in 1910 by the Indian scholar Ganapati Shastri. Bhāsa had previously only been known from mentions in other works, such as the Rajashekhara's Kāvya-mimāmsā, which attributes the play Swapnavāsavadattam to him.

In the introduction to his first play Mālavikāgnimitram, Kālidāsa wrote:
"Shall we neglect the works of such illustrious authors as Bhāsa, Saūmilla, and Kaviputra? Can the audience feel any respect for the work of a modern poet, a Kālidāsa?"

Rajashekhara (Sanskrit poet)
Rajashekhara (IAST: Rājaśekhara; fl. 10th century) was a Maharashtri Prakrit and Sanskrit poet, dramatist and critic. He was the court poet of the Pratiharas of Kannauj.

Rajashekhara wrote the Kāvyamīmāṃsā between  880 and 920 CE. The work is essentially a practical guide for poets that explains the elements and composition of a good poem. He is most noted for the Kārpūramañjarī, a play written in Maharashtri Prakrit. Rajashekhara wrote the play to please his wife, Avantisundarī, a woman of taste and accomplishment. Rajashekhara is perhaps the only ancient Indian poet to acknowledge his wife for her contributions to his literary career.
Vimi
Vimi (1943 – 22 August 1977) was an Indian actress who acted in Indian films such as Hamraaz, Aabroo, Nanak Nam Jahaz Hai (Punjabi film), and Patanga. She was best known for her role in Hamraaz (1967) opposite Sunil Dutt. According to film expert Rajesh Subramanian, a fraud film broker named Jolly ruined her career and image, by posing as a fake boyfriend and forcing Vimi into prostitution.

B. R. Chopra
Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 5 November 2008) was a prolific Indian director and producer noted for pioneering the Hindi film industry and television series. He's known for directing notable films, such as Afsana, Ek Hi Raasta, Naya Daur, Sadhna, Kanoon, Gumrah, Hamraaz, Dhund, Pati Patni Aur Woh, Insaf Ka Tarazu and Nikaah. He also produced hit films, including Dhool Ka Phool, Waqt, Ittefaq, Aadmi Aur Insaan, Chhoti Si Baat, The Burning Train, Aaj Ki Awaaz, Baghban and the TV series, Mahabharat. He was awarded Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, for the year 1998, and Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2001.

His younger brother Yash Chopra, son Ravi Chopra and nephew Aditya Chopra are also directors in the Bollywood industry. His nephew Uday Chopra is an actor and producer.
Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain
The Paris International Contemporary Art Fair (Foire Internationale d’Art Contemporain or FIAC) was a contemporary art event that was held in Paris from 1974 to 2021 and was considered the flagship arts event of France.

The fair effectively ended after a January 2022 announcement that Swiss-organization Art Basel would take over the calendar slot occupied by FIAC and that the long-time head of FIAC would join an Art Basel-advisory committee overseeing the new Paris festival.

Tuileries Garden
The Tuileries Garden (French: Jardin des Tuileries, IPA: [ʒaʁdɛ̃ de tɥilʁi]) is a public garden between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Created by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in 1564, it was opened to the public in 1667 and became a public park after the French Revolution. Since the 19th century, it has been a place for Parisians to celebrate, meet, stroll and relax. Covering an area of 25.5 hectares (63 acres), it is one of the most iconic parks in Paris. During the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, it was the site of the Olympic and Paralympic cauldron.
1449 Virtanen
1449 Virtanen, provisional designation 1938 DO, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 February 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and named for Finnish biochemist Artturi Virtanen.

Yrjö Väisälä
Yrjö Väisälä (Finnish: [ˈyrjø ˈʋæi̯sælæ] ⓘ; 6 September 1891 – 21 July 1971) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

His main contributions were in the field of optics. He was also active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology. He had an affectionate nickname of Wizard of Tuorla (Observatory/Optics laboratory), and a book with the same title in Finnish describes his works. His discoveries include 128 asteroids and 3 comets.

His brothers were mathematician Kalle Väisälä (1893–1968) and meteorologist Vilho Väisälä (1889–1969). His daughter Marja Väisälä (1916–2011) was an astronomer and discoverer of minor planets.

Väisälä was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, presiding over the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista ("International Association of Esperanto Scientists") in 1968.
Carmen Pata
Carmen Pata is a professional weightlifter, having competed in Olympic-style weightlifting, or Olympic weightlifting and Strongman since 2001.  Carmen Pata has won numerous awards in Strongman competitions, Pan American Games, World Masters Games, and the U.S. National Meet, including a 1st-place finish at the 2013 PanAm Games in Chicago, a 1st-place finish at the U.S. National meet in 2012 in Savannah, Georgia, and was recognized as Minnesota's Strongest Man in 2010.  Carmen Pata is still highly competitive in the +105 kg weight class.

University of Wisconsin–River Falls
The University of Wisconsin–River Falls (UW–River Falls or UWRF) is a public university in River Falls, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System. The 226-acre (91 ha) campus is on the Kinnickinnic River in the St. Croix River Valley. The university has 32 major buildings and two laboratory farms, with a total of 303 acres (123 ha) of land.

In 2024–25, UWRF had an enrollment of 5,222 students in more than 70 areas of study. UWRF is a member of the American Council of Education Internationalization Laboratory and provides several global studies and study abroad programs. The university also hosts the St. Croix Institute for Sustainable Community Development.
ʽAlaili Dadda
ʽAlaili Dadda (Arabic: علايلي دادا) is a town in northern Djibouti. It is situated about 68 kilometers north of Obock, at an elevation of 1,263 feet from sea level. The town sprawls on a wide basin surrounded by granitic mountains on all sides. It is located in the Alaili Dadda sub-prefecture of the Obock region. N16 road is located on. to the nearest settlements, Khor Angar, Dadda'to and Obock. The capital city Djibouti to quite far, but close to the city outside the two major Dadda'to. Is the capital of Obock region. Khor Angar the second largest city in the region. Dadda Alaile the 4th largest in the region or 5th.

Obock Region
The Obock Region (Afar: Rakaakay Obock, Arabic: إقليم أوبوخ, Somali: Gobolka Obokh) is a region in northern Djibouti. Covering an area of 4,700 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi), it had an estimated population of 37,856 as of 2009.The region borders the Red Sea, Bab-el-Mandeb, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Tadjoura, and includes the Seven Brothers, Doumeira Islands, and the coastal city of Obock. It also shares a section of Djibouti’s northern border with Eritrea. Geographically, Oblock is larger than Cape Verde but smaller than Trinidad and Tobago, featuring a mix of highland and coastal plains.
Differentia
In scholastic logic, differentia (also called differentia specifica) is one of the predicables; it is that part of a definition which is predicable in a given genus only of the definiendum; or the corresponding "metaphysical part" of the object. In the original, logical sense, a differentia is a concept — the notion of "differentia" is a second-order concept, or a "second intention", in the scholastic nomenclature. In the scholastic theory it is a kind of essential predicate — a predicate that belongs to its subjects de re necessarily. It is distinguished against the species by expressing the (specific) essence of the object only partially and against the genus by expressing the determining rather than the determined part of the essence.

Term logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the Peripatetics. It was revived after the third century CE by Porphyry's Isagoge.

Term logic revived in medieval times, first in Islamic logic by Alpharabius in the tenth century, and later in Christian Europe in the twelfth century with the advent of new logic, remaining dominant until the advent of predicate logic in the late nineteenth century.

However, even if eclipsed by newer logical systems, term logic still plays a significant role in the study of logic. Rather than radically breaking with term logic, modern logics typically expand it.
Keppel Island, Singapore
Keppel Island is a small private island located in the precinct of HarbourFront in Bukit Merah, Singapore. The island is largely flat, situated in northern part of Keppel Bay, between Singapore's main island and the island of Sentosa.

Keppel Island is connected to Singapore's main island by the 250 m long cable stayed Keppel Bay Bridge, which opened in 2008. Keppel Bay Bridge also carries the lines for electricity, water, and other services to the island.

Singapore (island)
Singapore is the main constituent island of the sovereign island country and city-state of the Republic of Singapore. It is located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. The Singapore Strait lies to the south, while the Johor Strait lies to the north.

The island forms the bulk of the country in terms of area, population, and prominence since areas situated on the country's smaller islands consist of military or industrial areas, except for Sentosa and Ubin Islands. As of the mid-2020s, Singapore's population stood over six million, and the mainland has a land area of approximately 730 square kilometres (280 sq mi).
Amanullah loyalism
Amanullah loyalism was a series of early 20th century movements in the Kingdom of Afghanistan to restore Amanullah Khan as king of Afghanistan after he was deposed in January 1929 during the Afghan Civil War. Loyalists were sometimes referred to as Amanite. Loyalists tried to achieve this in various ways, including armed rebellions, political parties, colluding with foreign powers and assassinations. These movements petered out by the late 1940s. Amanullah died in exile in 1960 in Zürich, Switzerland, without ever regaining control, except a brief period of control in southern Afghanistan in the 1929 Afghan Civil War.

Saqqawists
The Saqqawists were an armed group in Afghanistan who were active from 1924 to 1931. They were led by Habibullāh Kalakāni, and in January 1929, they managed to take control of Kabul, the capital of the Kingdom of Afghanistan, re-establishing the Emirate of Afghanistan. Following military reversals in the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), they were forced out of the capital in October 1929. Saqqawist activity ended in 1931.
Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry
The Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry (or also known as 19th ministry of Andhra Pradesh) was formed in December 1994 and lasted till September 1995. N. T. Rama Rao was the Telugu film actor-turned-politician form Telugu Desam Party who was sworn in the Chief Minister of N. T. Rama Rao in December 1994.

His fourth and last term as Chief Minister only lasted nine months following a coup led by his son-in-law Nara Chandrababu Naidu in which he was ousted.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Second courtyard of Prague Castle
The second courtyard (Czech: Druhé nádvoří Pražského hradu) is one of four at Prague Castle, in Prague, Czech Republic. It features Kohl's Fountain, St Cross Chapel and a well from the 17th century with a cast iron  grille.

Prague Castle
Prague Castle (Czech: Pražský hrad; [ˈpraʃskiː ˈɦrat]) is a castle complex in Prague, Czech Republic serving as the official residence and workplace of the president of the Czech Republic. Built in the 9th century, the castle has long served as the seat of power for kings of Bohemia, Holy Roman emperors, and presidents of Czechoslovakia. As such, the term "Prague Castle" or simply "Hrad" ("the Castle") are often used as metonymy for the president and his staff and advisors. The Bohemian Crown Jewels are kept within a hidden room inside it.

According to the Guinness Book of Records, Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world, occupying an area of almost 70,000 square metres (750,000 square feet), at about 570 metres (1,870 feet) in length and an average of about 130 metres (430 feet) wide. The castle is the most visited tourist attraction in the Czech Republic. In 2024, the castle attracted 2.59 million visitors.
GeoTools
GeoTools is a free software (LGPL) GIS toolkit for developing standards compliant solutions.
It provides an implementation of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications as they are developed. GeoTools is a contributor to the GeoAPI project - a vendor-neutral set of Java interfaces derived from OGC specifications - and implements a subset of those.

It is written in Java and currently is under active development. It is used by GeoServer, uDig, Geopublisher, 52N, Geomajas and many proprietary projects.

UDig
uDig is a GIS software program produced by a community led by Canadian-based consulting company Refractions Research.

uDig is based on the Eclipse platform and features full layered Open Source GIS. It is written in Java and released under EPL and BSD licences (formerly under GNU LGPL).

The Software has a walkthrough in Flash and also quick start directions for those who wish to complete a full version build to write plug-ins or contribute to the main build.

uDig can use GRASS for complex vector operations and also embeds JGRASS and specialized hydrology tools from the Horton Machine. It supports shapefiles, PostGIS, WMS, and many other data sources natively.

uDig is commonly used as a framework for building other GIS platforms and applications. Such applications include DIVA-GIS and DEWS – Distant Early Warning System for tsunamis.