hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4443
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4443 (also P.Oxy. 65. 4443, TM 61923, LDAB 3080, Rahlfs 0996) is a fragment of a Septuagint manuscript (LXX) written on papyrus in scroll form. It is the oldest extant manuscript that contains Esther 8:16–9:3 of the Septuagint text and verse numbering, according to the text of LXX. The manuscript has been assigned palaeographically to 50–150 CE.

Septuagint manuscripts
The earliest surviving manuscripts of the Septuagint (abbreviated as LXX meaning 70), an ancient (first centuries BCE) translation of the ancient Hebrew Torah into Koine Greek, include three 2nd century BCE fragments from the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy (Rahlfs nos. 801, 819, and 957) and five 1st century BCE fragments of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy (Rahlfs nos. 802, 803, 805, 848, and 942), only. The vast majority of Septuagint manuscripts are late-antiquity and medieval manuscript versions of the Christian Greek Old Testament tradition.: 122–170
Factory (object-oriented programming)
In object-oriented programming, a factory is an object for creating other objects; formally, it is a function or method that returns objects of a varying prototype or class from some method call, which is assumed to be new. More broadly, a subroutine that returns a new object may be referred to as a factory, as in factory method or factory function. The factory pattern is the basis for a number of related software design patterns.

Singleton pattern
In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns, which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. The pattern is useful when exactly one object is needed to coordinate actions across a system.

More specifically, the singleton pattern allows classes to:

Ensure they only have one instance

Provide easy access to that instance

Control their instantiation (for example, hiding the constructors of a class)

The term comes from the mathematical concept of a singleton.
George Rhodes (musician)
George Arthur Rhodes (October 10, 1918 – December 25, 1985) was an American arranger, conductor, music director, pianist, and composer. He is most known for being Sammy Davis Jr.'s long-time music director, arranger, and conductor. Rhodes made history as a black music director by being the first to work for a major network (at NBC in 1966 for The Sammy Davis Jr. Show) and to work for a Las Vegas showroom (at the Tropicana Hotel in 1973). After being hired as a temporary pianist for Davis in 1955, Rhodes eventually became his principal arranger and conductor, working on his variety act, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show, three of Davis' television specials, two musicals starring Davis, and three albums.

Music director
A music director, musical director or director of music is a person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization. This would include the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).
Harold C. Sylvester
Harold C. Sylvester (April 27, 1903 – July 15, 1988) was a Vermont attorney, politician, and judge.  He was most notable for his long service on the Vermont Superior Court, and as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1963 to 1964.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Discrete Laplace operator
In mathematics, the discrete Laplace operator is an analog of the continuous Laplace operator, defined so that it has meaning on a graph or a discrete grid. For the case of a finite-dimensional graph (having a finite number of edges and vertices), the discrete Laplace operator is more commonly called the Laplacian matrix.

The discrete Laplace operator occurs in physics problems such as the Ising model and loop quantum gravity, as well as in the study of discrete dynamical systems. It is also used in numerical analysis as a stand-in for the continuous Laplace operator. Common applications include image processing, where it is known as the Laplace filter, and in machine learning for clustering and semi-supervised learning on neighborhood graphs.

Five-point stencil
In numerical analysis, given a square grid in one or two dimensions, the five-point stencil of a point in the grid is a stencil made up of the point itself together with its four "neighbors". It is used to write finite difference approximations to derivatives at grid points. It is an example of numerical differentiation.
Nalda
Nalda is a municipality of the autonomous community of La Rioja (Spain).  It is located near the capital, Logroño.  Its population in January 2006 was 1,074 inhabitants over a 24.6 square kilometre area.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen
The Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen (LLLL), commonly known as the "Four L" (4L), was a company union found in the United States during World War I in 1917 by the War Department as a counter to the Industrial Workers of the World.

Eight-hour day movement
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement that appeared in various countries to regulate the length of a working day. The goal was preventing excesses and abuses of working time.

The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century.
Freeman Craw
Freeman Godfrey Craw (January 17, 1917 – May 1, 2017) was an American typeface designer. His typefaces designed Craw Clarendon, Craw Modern and Ad Lib for American Type Founders.

Craw was born on January 17, 1917, in East Orange, New Jersey, where he attended East Orange High School. He graduated at Cooper Union School of Art in 1939.

From 1943 to 1968, he worked as an art director then vice president for Tri-Arts Press. In 1946, he was a founding member of Type Directors Club. In 1966, Craw commissioned two typefaces for CBS, under the direction of Lou Dorfsman. In 1981, he received Frederic W. Goudy Award, and in 1988, he achieved honorary membership.

Craw had been a resident of the Short Hills section of Millburn, New Jersey, until 2001, when he moved to Tinton Falls, New Jersey, where he died on May 1, 2017.

Lou Dorfsman
Louis Dorfsman (April 24, 1918 – October 22, 2008) was an American graphic designer who oversaw almost every aspect of the advertising and corporate identity for the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in his 40 years with the network between 1946–1987.
H-drive
An H-drive drivetrain is a system used for heavy off-road vehicles with 6×6 or 8×8 drive to supply power to each wheel station.

H-drives do not use axles but rather individual wheel stations, usually carried on a punt chassis. A single differential splits the drive into separate left and right drive shafts, which each run fore and aft inside the bottom corners of the chassis. At each wheel station a bevel box drives the half shaft out to the wheel.

Differential (mechanical device)
A differential is a gear train with three drive shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others. A common use of differentials is in motor vehicles, to allow the wheels at each end of a drive axle to rotate at different speeds while cornering. Other uses include clocks and analogue computers.
Differentials can also provide a gear ratio between the input and output shafts (called the "axle ratio" or "diff ratio"). For example, many differentials in motor vehicles provide a gearing reduction by having fewer teeth on the pinion than the ring gear.
Mobile network codes in ITU region 2xx (Europe)
This list contains the mobile country codes (MCC) and mobile network codes (MNC) for networks with country codes between 200 and 299, inclusive. This range covers Europe, as well as: the Asian parts of the Russian Federation and Turkey; Georgia; Armenia; Greenland; the Azores and Madeira as parts of Portugal; and the Canary Islands as part of Spain.

Iliad Italia
Iliad Italia S.p.A. is an Italian telecommunications company, wholly-owned subsidiary of the French group Iliad SA

In December 2022, with 9.56 million active lines, it is the fourth mobile operator in Italy following Wind Tre, TIM and Vodafone.
Parsytec
Isra Vision Parsytec AG, a subsidiary of Isra Vision, was originally founded in 1985 as Parsytec (parallel system technology) in Aachen, Germany.

Parsytec gained recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a manufacturer of transputer-based parallel systems. Its product lineup ranged from single transputer plug-in boards for IBM PCs to large, massively parallel systems with thousands of transputers (or processors), such as the Parsytec GC. Some sources describe the latter as ultracomputer-sized, scalable multicomputers (smC).

As part of ISRA VISION AG, the company now focuses on the machine vision and industrial image processing sectors. ISRA Parsytec products are primarily used for quality and surface inspection, particularly in the metal and paper industries.

PowerPC 600
The PowerPC 600 family was the first family of PowerPC processors built. They were designed at the Somerset facility in Austin, Texas, jointly funded and staffed by engineers from IBM and Motorola as a part of the AIM alliance. Somerset was opened in 1992 and its goal was to make the first PowerPC processor and then keep designing general purpose PowerPC processors for personal computers. The first incarnation became the PowerPC 601 in 1993, and the second generation soon followed with the PowerPC 603, PowerPC 604 and the 64-bit PowerPC 620.
1945 Estonian SSR Football Championship
The 1945 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Tallinna Dünamo.

Unlike the 1941 championship, which was dominated by the Dynamo sports society, this championship had representation of several teams from the Baltic Military District. Also, the Estonian Sports Association Kalev as one of the few national Estonian sports organizations was admitted to the Soviet competition.

After the win, Tallinna Dünamo was admitted to the 1946 Football Championship of the Russian SFSR, third tier (west group).

1941 Estonian Football Championship
The 1941 Estonian SSR Football Championship was the 1st football league season in the Estonian SSR. The Soviet administration liquidated original Estonian clubs and introduced number of the Soviet sports societies such as Dünamo (state police), Spartak (Komsomol), Lokomotiv (railway).

The first stage was scheduled from 25 May to 15 June. The championship was interrupted by the Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union in June of 1941.
Putera Sampoerna
Putera Sampoerna (born 13 October 1947) is an Indonesian businessman. As of 2025, he had an estimated net worth of US$2.5 billion.

Putera Sampoerna gained his wealth as heir to the Sampoerna cigarette company (PT HM Sampoerna Tbk.) Putera was educated abroad from an early age; starting from the Diocesan Boys' School in Hong Kong, the Carey Baptist Grammar School in Melbourne and finally at the University of Houston in Texas. He led Sampoerna from 1978 until 2000, when he was replaced by his son Michael Sampoerna. In 2005 Putera, together with the rest of his family sold their stake in Sampoerna to Philip Morris International for USD 5 billion.

After the sale of Sampoerna, Putera and his family founded investment company Sampoerna Strategic, currently led by his son Michael. Sampoerna Strategic has businesses in the telecommunications, agriculture (palm oil plantations), forestry, and the microfinance industry. Putera and his family also run the Putera Sampoerna Foundation.

Sampoerna
PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk, commonly known as Sampoerna (Indonesian pronunciation: [samˈpurna]), sometimes stylised as SAMPŒRNA  is an Indonesian tobacco company owned by Philip Morris International. Sampoerna is the largest tobacco company in Indonesia. It produces clove cigarettes, otherwise locally known as kretek cigarettes. A typical brand is Sampoerna 'A' Mild, a filter cigarette in white paper.
KOZE (AM)
KOZE (950 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a talk radio format. Licensed to Lewiston, Idaho, United States, the station is currently owned by Lee and Angie McVey's McVey Entertainment Group, LLC.

By day, KOZE is powered at 5,000 watts. But at night, to reduce interference to other stations on 950 AM, KOZE reduces power to 1,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array.

ABC News Radio
ABC News Radio is the news radio service of ABC Audio, a division of ABC News in the United States.  Formerly known as ABC Radio News, ABC News Radio feeds, through Skyview Networks, 5-minute newscasts on the hour, and news briefs at half-past the hour, to its network affiliates.  ABC News Radio is the largest commercial radio news organization in the US.

ABC Radio aired the first broadcast report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Kennedy was shot in Dallas, Texas, at 18:30 UTC  and Don Gardiner anchored the initial bulletin at 18:36:50 UTC, minutes before any other radio or television network.
2002 Waltham Forest London Borough Council election
Elections to Waltham Forest Council were held in May 2002.  The whole council was up for election for the first time since the 1998 election. These elections were the first held on new ward boundaries which increased the total number of Councillors by 3, from 57 to 60.

Waltham Forest local elections are held every four years, with the next due in 2006.

Despite losing their majority, Labour were able to continue in administration, in a minority.

1998 Waltham Forest London Borough Council election
The 1998 Election to Waltham Forest Council, a borough in London. England was held in May 1998.  The whole council was up for election for the first time since the 1994 election.

Waltham Forest local elections are held every four years, with the next due and held in 2002. The Labour Party won majority control of the council.
Shri Khuralgarh Sahib
Khuralgarh Sahib (Punjabi: ਖੁਰਾਲਗੜ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is one of the most prominent historical place of Ravidasi communities like Ad-Dharmi, Chamar, Ramdasia Sikhs and Mochis. It is situated at village Kharali, Garhshanker, Hoshiarpur district. Khuralgarh Sahib is also called Charan Choh Ganga Sri Guru Ravidas Ji as this place was visited by Guru Ravidas.

Ad-Dharmi
The Ad-Dharmi (meaning "primal spiritual path") is a sect in the state of Punjab, in India and was a precursor movement of the Ravidasia religion that arose in 1920. The term Ad-Dharm came into popular usage in the early part of the 20th century, when many followers of Ravidas who had converted to Sikhism were severely discriminated against due to their low-caste status, even though the Sikh religion is strictly against the caste system in its theology. Many of these converts stopped attending Sikh gurdwaras controlled by Jat Sikhs and built their own shrines upon arrival in the UK, Canada, and Fiji Island. In colonial Punjab, the movement was one of the autonomous mobilizations established by disenfranchised Dalits. Ad-Dharmis comprise 11.48% of the total of Scheduled Caste communities in Punjab.
100 Gigabit Ethernet
40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) are groups of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at rates of 40 and 100 gigabits per second (Gbit/s), respectively. These technologies offer significantly higher speeds than 10 Gigabit Ethernet. The technology was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ba-2010 standard and later by the 802.3bg-2011, 802.3bj-2014, 802.3bm-2015, and 802.3cd-2018 standards. The first succeeding Terabit Ethernet specifications were approved in 2017.

The standards define numerous port types with different optical and electrical interfaces and different numbers of optical fiber strands per port. Short distances (e.g. 7 m) over twinaxial cable are supported while standards for fiber reach up to 80 km.

IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to local area networks (LANs) and has some wide area network (WAN) applications. Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper cables or optical fiber.

802.3 standards support the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

802.3 also defines a LAN access method using carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
West Coast Group Representation Constituency
The West Coast Group Representation Constituency was a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in western and central Singapore. It covered the areas of Jurong, Dover, Pasir Panjang, West Coast and Telok Blangah, as well as Jurong Island, an offshore island of Singapore. At abolition, it had five divisions: Ayer Rajah–Gek Poh, Boon Lay, Nanyang, Telok Blangah and West Coast, managed by West Coast Town Council.

Jurong Island
Jurong Island is located to the southwest of the main island of Singapore. It was formed from the amalgamation of several offshore islands, chiefly the seven main islands of Pulau Ayer Chawan, Pulau Ayer Merbau, Pulau Merlimau, Pulau Pesek, Pulau Pesek Kechil (also called Terumbu Pesek), Pulau Sakra (which was a previous merger of Pulau Sakra and Pulau Bakau), and Pulau Seraya, but also Pulau Meskol, Pulau Mesemut Laut, Pulau Mesemut Darat and Anak Pulau. This was done through Singapore's land reclamation efforts. Land reclamation on Jurong Island was completed on 25 September 2009, 20 years earlier than scheduled. Pulau Buaya was joined to Jurong Island via reclamation in 2010. Jurong Island forms a land area of about 32 km2 (12 sq mi) from an initial area of less than 10 km2 (4 sq mi).
2009 swine flu pandemic in Hong Kong
The 2009 flu pandemic in Hong Kong was part of the worldwide pandemic that started with the city's first reported case of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 infection, commonly called swine flu, on 1 May 2009, by a Mexican national who had travelled to Hong Kong via Shanghai. It was also the first reported case in Asia. There were 32,301 confirmed cases of swine flu in the city.

SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. In the 2010s, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of Asian palm civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan.

SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004.

In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease behind the COVID-19 pandemic.
Winston Bronnum
Winston Bronnum (1929-1991) was a self-taught Dano-Canadian nature artist, sculptor and entrepreneur known for his large concrete animal sculptures which adorn Canadian roadsides. He founded and operated the defunct Animaland Park which showcased a number of his works and served as his workshop.  He worked on bridges and hydro dams early on which helped when designing and building the structures. His family name was originally spelled Brønnum.

Danish Canadians
Danish Canadians (Danish: Dansk-canadiere) are Canadian citizens of Danish ancestry. According to the 2006 Census, there were 200,035 Canadians with Danish background, 17,650 of whom were born in Denmark.

Canada became an important destination for the Danes during the post-war period. At one point, a Canadian immigration office was to be set up in Copenhagen. While most of the post-war immigrants settled in large cities, Danish-Canadian communities can be found in all of Canada's ten provinces.

The oldest Danish community in Canada is New Denmark, New Brunswick, first inhabited by Danish immigrants in 1872.
London Detective Mysteria
London Detective Mysteria is a 2013 otome visual novel video game for the PlayStation Portable created by Karin Entertainment and published by Marvelous in Japan.

In 2016, Karin Entertainment self-published a PlayStation Vita port known as English Detective Mysteria: The Crown (英国探偵ミステリア: The Crown, Eikoku Tantei Mysteria: The Crown). This version includes extra scenarios, a slightly different voice cast and a new artist. This version of the game was released by Xseed Games in North America and Europe for PlayStation Vita and Microsoft Windows in 2019.

Marvelous (company)
Marvelous Inc. (株式会社マーベラス, Kabushiki-gaisha Māberasu; previously known as Marvelous Entertainment and Marvelous AQL, stylized as MARVELOUS!) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer. The company was founded in 1997 but formed in its current state in October 2011 after MMV acquired AQ Interactive and Liveware.