hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahmer Khan
Ahmer Khan (born 11 May 1992) is a Kashmir-based Independent multimedia journalist well known across the regions to cover conflict, humanitarian crisis, human rights and migration particularly in South Asia.

Vice News
Vice News (stylized as VICE News) was Vice Media's alternative current affairs channel, producing daily documentary essays and video through its website and YouTube channel. It promoted itself on its coverage of "under-reported stories". Vice News was created in December 2013 and was based in New York City, though it had bureaus worldwide.

The channel originally launched to mixed reception in 2013. In the following decade, Vice News won a number of awards for its reporting, including four Peabody Awards and the inaugural Pulitzer Prize for Audio Reporting.

In May 2023, Vice Media filed for bankruptcy and Vice News fired most of its employees. The YouTube channel of Vice News was taken over by Vice co-founder Shane Smith and began uploading podcasts held by Smith, featuring right-leaning guests. Previously, Vice had been described as progressive and left-leaning.
Ferrari Lampredi engine
The Ferrari Lampredi engine was a naturally aspirated all aluminum 60° V12 engine produced between 1950 and 1959. Inline-4 and Inline-6 variants for racing were derived from it.

Aurelio Lampredi designed a number of racing engines for Ferrari. He was brought on to hedge the company's bets with a different engine family than the small V12s designed by Gioacchino Colombo. Variants of his design powered the company to a string of world championships in the 1950s. All were quickly abandoned due to changing engine displacement sizes (because, starting in 1958, the sports regulations required sport cars to have engines within 3 litres), with the Dino V6 and V8 taking the place of the fours and sixes and evolution of the older Colombo V12 continuing as the company's preeminent V12.

Ferrari 375 MM
See Ferrari 375 F1 for the 375 used in Formula 1 racing, and 375 America, a GT car

The Ferrari 375 MM, was a sports racing car produced by Ferrari from 1953 to 1955. It was named "375" for the unitary displacement of one cylinder in the 4.5 L V12 engine, and the "MM" stood for the Mille Miglia race. In total 26 units were made, including four converted from the 340 MM.
Theodosia Burr Shepherd
Theodosia Burr Shepherd (October 14, 1845, Keosauqua, Iowa – September 6, 1906, Ventura, California) was an American botanist, horticulturist and pioneer in plant breeding. Called the "Flower Wizard of California," and "The Pioneer Seed-grower," Shepherd was the first woman in California, and possibly the first woman in the United States, to hybridize flowers.

The Theodosia B. Shepherd Company, her seed and bulb business, is considered to be the foundation of California's seed industry. She was compared favorably to Luther Burbank. The location of her former garden is listed as number 34 in the City of Ventura Historic Landmarks and Districts.

Petunia
Petunia is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin. The popular flower of the same name derived its epithet from the French, which took the word pétun, 'tobacco', from a Tupi–Guarani language. A tender perennial plant, most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (Petunia × atkinsiana, also known as Petunia × hybrida).
2001 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 2001 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 7 October 2001. It was the 80th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

The winner was Sakhee, a four-years-old colt trained in Great Britain by Saeed bin Suroor. The winning jockey was Frankie Dettori.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Joshna Chinappa
Joshna Chinappa (born 15 September 1986) is an Indian squash player. She became the youngest Indian national champion at the age of 14. She is a two-time World Champion and four-time Asian Champion. In recognition of her contributions to Indian squash, Joshna received the Arjuna Award in 2013 and the Padma Shri in 2024.

World Squash Junior Championships
The World Squash Junior Championships is the junior world championship of squash conducted by World Squash. Players aged under 19 can participate. The event used to be hosted biennially but has been held annually since 2009.
Henderson Naval Base
Henderson Naval Base was a proposed and partially built naval base of the Royal Australian Navy south of Fremantle, Western Australia in what is now the suburbs of Naval Base and Henderson. Planned in 1911, construction of the base commenced in 1913 but was abandoned during World War I and cancelled in 1920.

Temporary naval facilities subsequently existed in the state during World War II but a permanent facility was not established until 1978, when HMAS Stirling was commissioned.

Reginald Friend Hannam Henderson
Admiral Sir Reginald Friend Hannam Henderson, GCB (20 November 1846 – 12 July 1932) was a British Royal Navy officer who was Captain Superintendent of Sheerness Dockyard 1899–1902, Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Dockyard 1902–1905, and Admiral Commanding, Coastguards and Reserves 1905–1909.
Arya Samaj in Burma
Arya Samaj was first established in the cities of Mandalay and Rangoon in Burma in 1898. By the time the Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Rangoon was formed in 1930, there were twenty-two Arya Samajs in Burma. The separation of Burma from India in 1937 was a setback for the Arya Samaj and the onset of the Second World War completely disrupted its activities.

On 14 April 1952, the Arya Pratinidhi Sabha of Rangoon was revived by Pandit Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya who was visiting Burma from India. Other Arya Samaj preachers came to Burma and the Arya Samaj was reinvigorated. In 1959 the Satyarth Prakash (Light of Truth) was translated in Burmese together with other Arya Samaj literature. Annual conference started to be held in different centres where Arya Samajs were based.

Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj (lit. 'Noble Society') is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda Saraswati founded the Samaj in the 1870s.

Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organisation to introduce proselytisation in Hinduism.
Maria-mole
Maria-mole (Portuguese pronunciation: [ma'ɾiɐ 'mɔli]; lit. 'limp Mary') is a dessert popular in Brazil that is similar to a marshmallow. Maria-mole's base ingredients are sugar, gelatin and egg whites. It is usually covered in grated coconut and made without the addition of any other flavors, although there are variations.

The dessert was created by Antonio Bergamo, a Brazilian candy maker of Italian descent. While trying to use leftover egg whites, he managed to make a firm meringue and decided to add gelatin to it. After the meringue was cool, he noted that it hadn't gotten as firm as he expected, and called it Maria-mole ("soft" or "limp" Mary).

Marshmallow
Marshmallow (UK: /ˌmɑːrʃˈmæloʊ/, US: /ˈmɑːrʃˌmɛloʊ, -mæl-/) is a confection made from sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a solid-but-soft consistency. It is used as a filling in baking or molded into shapes and coated with corn starch. This sugar confection is inspired by a medicinal confection made from Althaea officinalis, the marsh-mallow plant.
MAE-East
The MAE (later, MAE-East) was the first non-governmental Internet Exchange Point (IXP). It began in 1992 with four locations in Washington, D.C., quickly extended to Vienna, Reston, and Ashburn, Virginia; and then subsequently to New York and Miami. Its name stood for "Metropolitan Area Ethernet," and was subsequently backronymed to "Metropolitan Area Exchange, East" upon the establishment of MAE-West in 1994. The MAE predated the National Information Infrastructure plan, which called for the establishment of IXPs throughout the United States. Although it initially had no single central nexus, one eventually formed in the underground parking garage of an office building in Vienna, VA.

Point of presence
A point of presence (PoP) is an artificial demarcation point or network interface point between communicating entities. A common example is an ISP point of presence, the local access point that allows users to connect to the Internet with their Internet service provider (ISP). A PoP typically houses servers, routers, network switches, multiplexers, and other network interface equipment that connects an ISP to customers including OLTs (optical line terminals) for fibre internet, and is typically located in a data centre. ISPs typically have multiple PoPs. PoPs are often located at Internet exchange points and colocation centres.

In the US, this term became important during the court-ordered breakup of the Bell Telephone system.  A point of presence was a location where a long-distance carrier (IXC) could terminate services and provide connections into a local telephone network (LATA).
Domingo Caycedo
Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría (August 4, 1783 – July 1, 1843) was a Colombian statesman who served as the vice president of Gran Colombia and the Republic of New Granada. He served as acting President of Colombia a total of eleven times, the most terms any president has served to date. He is also credited for creating the Republic of New Granada after the division of Venezuela and Ecuador.

Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation.
On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
Fürstenfeldbruck (electoral district)
Fürstenfeldbruck is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 214. It is located in southern Bavaria, comprising the districts of Dachau and Fürstenfeldbruck.

Fürstenfeldbruck was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Katrin Staffler of the Christian Social Union (CSU).

Germering
Germering (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɛʁməʁɪŋ] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Geamaring) is a town of approximately 40,500 within the district of Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. It is directly adjacent to the city of Munich and borders it to the west.
Styphnolobium
Styphnolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It includes nine species of small trees and shrubs native to China and to the Americas, from the southern United States to Colombia. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae, and was formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. It was recently assigned to the unranked, monophyletic Cladrastis clade. They differ from the genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9–21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Necklacepod is a common name for plants in this genus.

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family. Another common name is false acacia, a literal translation of the specific name (pseudo [Greek ψευδο-] meaning fake or false and acacia referring to the genus of plants with the same name).

Although fossilized traces of the genus were found in Europe, the species itself is native to a few small areas of the United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere, including temperate North America, Eurasia, and Africa. It is considered an invasive species in some regions.
Old Adaminaby and Lake Eucumbene
Old Adaminaby and Lake Eucumbene are the heritage-listed former town of Adaminaby and the reservoir that flooded the town, now at Eucumbene, Snowy Valleys Council, New South Wales, Australia. The town was established in 1830. The reservoir was designed by the Snowy Hydro Electric Authority and built from 1956 to 1958 by the Authority. It is also known as Old Adaminaby and Lake Eucumbene, including relics and movable objects, Eucumbene River, Eucumbene Valley, Old Adaminaby Remains, Old Adaminaby Ruins and Old Adaminaby Drowned Landscape. The property is owned by Snowy Hydro Limited, a statutory corporation owned by the governments of Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. The site was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 3 June 2008.

Tumbarumba
Tumbarumba (/tʌmbəˈrʌmbə/ tum-bə-RUM-bə) is a town in New South Wales, Australia, about 480 kilometres (300 mi) southwest of the state capital, Sydney.  Tumbarumba is located in the South West Slopes region at the western edge of the Snowy Mountains. The 2016 census showed the population of the town and surrounding area to be 1,862 people. Locals refer to the town as 'Tumba'.

To the south and east, the highest peak of the Snowy Mountains and mainland Australia—Mount Kosciuszko—can be seen.
Diego Benaglio
Diego Orlando Benaglio (born 8 September 1983) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his professional career with Stuttgart and Wolfsburg in Germany's top flight, the Bundesliga, winning the 2009 league championship and appearing in almost 300 competitive matches with the latter club. He also played three years in Portugal earlier in his career, with Nacional.

Benaglio earned 61 caps for Switzerland, representing the nation in three World Cups and Euro 2008.

2014–15 DFB-Pokal
The 2014–15 DFB-Pokal was the 72nd season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 15 August 2014 with the first of six rounds and ended on 30 May 2015 with the final at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.

Bayern Munich was the two-time defending champions, having defeated Borussia Dortmund in the 2014 final, but were knocked out in the semi-finals by the same team in a penalty shootout.

VfL Wolfsburg won the final against Dortmund 3–1 to win their first title.
Somos' quadratic recurrence constant
In mathematical analysis and number theory, Somos' quadratic recurrence constant or simply Somos' constant is a constant defined as an expression of infinitely many nested square roots. It arises when studying the asymptotic behaviour of a certain sequence and also in connection to the binary representations of real numbers between zero and one. The constant named after Michael Somos. It is defined by:

which gives a numerical value of approximately:

(sequence A112302 in the OEIS).

Mathematical constant
A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and π occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry, number theory, statistics, and calculus.

Some constants arise naturally by a fundamental principle or intrinsic property, such as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle (π). Other constants are notable more for historical reasons than for their mathematical properties. The more popular constants have been studied throughout the ages and computed to many decimal places.

All named mathematical constants are definable numbers, and usually are also computable numbers (Chaitin's constant being a significant exception).
2025 CFL global draft
The 2025 CFL global draft was a selection of non-Canadian and non-American players by Canadian Football League (CFL) teams that took place on April 29, 2025, at 11:00 am ET. It was the fifth CFL draft that pools all of the global players together after previously having separate drafts for Mexican players and European players in 2019.

2019 CFL–LFA draft
The 2019 CFL–LFA draft took place on January 14, 2019. Twenty-seven players were chosen from an invited pool of 51 Mexican players: 34 from the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA) (a professional American football league) and 17 seniors from Mexican university teams.
European route E134
European route E134 (Norwegian: Europavei 134) is a European highway that crosses Norway starting at Haugesund Airport, Karmøy near the city of Haugesund on the west coast, heading over Haukeli, passing the city of Drammen, and ending in Vassum on the east side of the Oslofjord Tunnel.

With the highest point at 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, the road is sensitive to snow conditions and foul weather during the winter season, during which the mountainous sections, especially near Haukelifjell skiing center, may be closed in short periods. The stretch of road through the mountains is called Haukelifjell.

International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
The Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) was a government department in Victoria, Australia.

Commencing operation in January 2015, the DELWP was created in the aftermath of the 2014 state election, with Premier Daniel Andrews announcing that the previous Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI) would be renamed. The newly formed DELWP subsequently assumed property and land titles, planning and local government portfolios from the previous Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure, whilst responsibilities for agriculture were transferred to the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources.

The department was responsible for various matters related to the environment, energy and planning. On 1 January 2023, planning functions were transferred to the Department of Transport and Planning and DELWP was renamed to Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action.

Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources
The Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR)  is a former department of the Government of Victoria. It was created on 1 January 2015 by the government of Premier Daniel Andrews when the number of government departments was reduced from 9 to 7, and assumed responsibility for ministerial portfolios previously spread across 5 departments. It was abolished at the end of 2018 and divided into two new departments.
Round Mountain (Northern Tablelands)
Round Mountain, a mountain of the Snowy Range, a spur of the Great Dividing Range, is located on the Northern Tablelands in the New England region in New South Wales, Australia.

With an elevation of 1,586 metres (5,203 ft) above sea level, Round Mountain is the highest peak of the Snowy Range which forms part of the eastern escarpment of the Northern Tablelands. The mountain is located in Cathedral Rock National Park, about 72 kilometres (45 mi) east of Armidale and 63 kilometres (39 mi) west of Dorrigo, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the better known Point Lookout, in New England National Park. It is located a few kilometres west of the small settlement of Ebor. The nearest sealed road is the Waterfall Way, approximately 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) from the mountain peak.

Dorrigo, New South Wales
Dorrigo, a small town on the Waterfall Way, is located on the Northern Tablelands, in northern New South Wales, Australia. The town is part of Bellingen local government area.

It is approximately 580 kilometres (360 mi) north of the state capital, Sydney via the Pacific Highway, and 64 kilometres (40 mi) west from the coastal city of Coffs Harbour. The town is situated on the Dorrigo Plateau near the New England Escarpment, which is part of the Great Dividing Range. Dorrigo is 731 metres (2,398 ft) above sea level. At the 2021 census, Dorrigo had a population of 1,046 people.
Meander scar
A meander scar, occasionally meander scarp, is a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel. They are characterized by "a crescentic cut in a bluff or valley wall, produced by...a meandering stream." They are often formed during the creation of oxbow lakes.

The term itself may refer alternatively to the actual cuts into the bank of a bluff, or to the general feature of a drying or dried meander. Both uses, however, describe features of the same process.

Meander scars are caused by the varying velocities of current within the river channel. Due to higher velocity current on the outer banks of the river through the bend, more erosion occurs causing the characteristic steep outer slopes. In certain habitats, if the scar has sufficient water, or as an oxbow lake fills with sediment, these areas may become marshes or wetlands.

Oxbow lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart.

In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called resacas.  In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs.