hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Molecular lesion
A molecular lesion or point lesion is damage to the structure of a biological molecule such as DNA, RNA, or protein. This damage may result in the reduction or absence of normal function, and in rare cases the gain of a new function. Lesions in DNA may consist of breaks or other changes in chemical structure of the helix, ultimately preventing transcription. Meanwhile, lesions in proteins consist of both broken bonds and improper folding of the amino acid chain. While many nucleic acid lesions are general across DNA and RNA, some are specific to one, such as thymine dimers being found exclusively in DNA. Several cellular repair mechanisms exist, ranging from global to specific, in order to prevent lasting damage resulting from lesions.

Reactive nitrogen species
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively. NOS2 is expressed primarily in macrophages after induction by cytokines and microbial products, notably interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Reactive nitrogen species act together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage cells, causing nitrosative stress. Therefore, these two species are often collectively referred to as ROS/RNS.

Reactive nitrogen species are also continuously produced in plants as by-products of aerobic metabolism or in response to stress.
2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
Kamala Harris, the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 2024 and then-vice president of the United States (2021–2025), considered several prominent individuals as potential running mates. On August 6, 2024, she chose Governor Tim Walz of Minnesota as her candidate for vice president.

After formally accepting their nomination during the 2024 Democratic National Convention, Harris and Walz went on to lose the general election to the Republican ticket of former President Donald Trump and U.S. Senator JD Vance, and Walz returned to the governorship following the campaign.

107 Days
107 Days is a political memoir by Kamala Harris, the 49th vice president of the United States, in collaboration with author Geraldine Brooks.  The book details Harris's 2024 presidential campaign spanning from Joe Biden's withdrawal from the election on July 21, 2024, to Election Day on November 5, with the title referencing the length of her campaign. It was released by Simon & Schuster on September 23, 2025, in hardcover, ebook and a ten-hour audiobook edition read by Harris.

As of September 30, 2025, the book has sold 350,000 copies in the United States, and is projected to sell at least 500,000 copies. CEO of Simon & Schuster Jonathan Karp said the book was one of the best-selling memoirs in the 2020s.

As of January 2026, the book has been featured on the New York Times' Hardcover Nonfiction best-seller list for 15 weeks in a row.
FAP Basketball
Forces Armées et Police Basketball (transl. Armed Forces and Police), commonly known as simply FAP or FAP Yaoundé, is a basketball team based in Yaoundé, Cameroon. It is the basketball team of the Cameroonian armed forces and police. The team previously played in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) and domestically plays in the Elite Messieurs. FAP has won the national championship four times, the Cameroon Cup twice, and the Central Region League Championship five times.

The Yaoundé Multipurpose Sports Complex serves as home arena of the team.

2021 BAL qualification
The 2020 BAL Qualifying Tournaments were the inaugural qualifying tournaments of the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the newly launched premier basketball league of Africa jointly organized by the NBA and FIBA. While the NBA will co-organise from the regular season, the qualifiers are completely organised by FIBA Africa.

A total of 31 teams from 31 countries participate in the qualifying tournaments in order to determine which six teams will play in the 2020 BAL regular season, along with six directly placed six teams. The qualifying tournaments are divided into the First round and Second round, which run from 16 October until 21 December 2019.
St Peter's Church, Plemstall
St Peter's Church, Plemstall stands in an isolated position at the end of a country lane near the village of Mickle Trafford, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Chester.  Its benefice is combined with that of St John the Baptist's Church, Guilden Sutton.

Churchwarden
A churchwarden is a lay official in a parish or congregation of the Anglican Communion, Lutheran Churches or Catholic Church, usually working as a part-time volunteer. In the Anglican tradition, holders of these positions are ex officio members of the parish board, usually called a vestry,  parochial church council, or in the case of a Cathedral parish the chapter. Historically, a churchwarden was responsible for maintaining the churchwardens' accounts of the parish's income and expenses.
2011 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin
The 2011 Open GDF Suez Région Limousin was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Limoges, France between 17 and 23 October 2011.

2011 ITF Women's Circuit
The 2011 ITF Women's Circuit is the 2011 edition of the second-tier tour for women's professional tennis. It is organised by the International Tennis Federation and is a tier below the WTA Tour. The ITF Women's Circuit includes tournaments with prize money ranging from $10,000 up to $100,000.
Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle
The Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle or OAPI ('African Intellectual Property Organization') is an intellectual property organization, headquartered in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The organisation was created by Bangui Agreement Relating to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization of March 2, 1977. The Bangui Agreement was subsequently amended in 1999 and 2015, and entered into force on November 14, 2020.

Its 17 member states are mostly French-speaking countries.

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, is one of the first intellectual property treaties. It established a Union for the protection of industrial property. The convention is in force, with the substantive provisions of the Convention falling into three main categories: national treatment, priority right and common rules.
SPARQL
SPARQL (pronounced "sparkle", a recursive acronym for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is an RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. It was made a standard by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium, and is recognized as one of the key technologies of the semantic web. On 15 January 2008, SPARQL 1.0 was acknowledged by W3C as an official recommendation, and SPARQL 1.1 in March, 2013.

SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns.

Implementations for multiple programming languages exist. There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically construct a SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer.
In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL and to XQuery.

Data set
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as for example height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set.  Data sets can also consist of a collection of documents or files.

In the open data discipline, a data set is a unit used to measure the amount of information released in a public open data repository.  The European data.europa.eu portal aggregates more than a million data sets.
Charumati
Charumati (Brahmi: 𑀘𑀸 𑀭𑀼𑀼 𑀫𑀓𑀻), sometimes called Charumitra, was a daughter of the Indian Maurya Emperor Ashoka and his chief queen, Empress Asandhimitra. She was trained in nursing and caregiving by her foster mother and is believed to have tended to Emperor Ashoka in his later years.

She was married to a Nepalese prince, Devapala Kshatriya, and settled in the Kathmandu Valley. She is credited with founding the monastery of Chabahil (called Charumati Vihara), which is considered one of the oldest extant Buddhist monasteries of Nepal.

Asandhimitra
Asandhamitra (304 BCE – 240 BCE) was an empress and 1st chief consort of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. She was Ashoka's second wife and first empress consort

Given the title "agramahisi", or "Chief Empress", Asandhimitra was likely from a royal family. She did not have any children. After her death, Tishyarakshita became the first chief empress of Ashoka.
Guaros de Lara
The Guaros de Lara is a Venezuelan professional basketball club, that is based in Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela. Guaros de Lara BBC has existed as a club in various different forms since 1983. It has existed in its current form since 2003.

The club competes in the Venezuelan LPB. The club has won two Venezuelan LPB national domestic titles. On the international stage, the club also has one continental FIBA South American League title, and three intercontinental titles, consisting of two FIBA Americas League titles and one FIBA Intercontinental Cup title.

2017 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol
The 2017 Liga Sudamericana de Básquetbol, or 2017 FIBA South American League, was the 22nd edition of the second-tier level continental professional club basketball competition in the South America, the FIBA South American League. Sixteen teams from across South America competed over three rounds, to determine the champion.
Neil Baldwin (Keele University)
Neil "Nello" Baldwin BEM (born 15 March 1946) is an honorary graduate of Keele University from Westlands in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. He is a registered clown and also worked for Stoke City Football Club, for whom he once played briefly in a friendly match. He is the subject of an award-winning BBC television drama, Marvellous, which was broadcast in 2014, and a play of the same name which was performed in London's West End in 2022.

Testimonial match
A testimonial match or testimonial game, often referred to simply as a testimonial, is a practice in some sports, particularly in association football in the United Kingdom and South America, where a club has a match to honour a player for service to the club. These matches are always non-competitive.
Barikot Tehsil
Barikot is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Swat District has seven tehsils i.e. Tehsil Barikot, Tehsil Babuzai, Tehsil Matta, Tehsil Khwazakhela,  Tehsil Kabal, Tehsil Charbagh and Tehsil Bahrain. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union council. There are 65 Union council in district Swat (56 rural and 09 urban).

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013, Tehsil Barikot has the following 5 Wards:

Ghalegay

Barikot

Tindodag

Panjigram

Najigram

Nawagai

Amlok Dara

Karakar

Kandak Jehangir

Parrai

Kota

Shamozai

Guratai

Manyar

Landakay

New kalai

Shingardar

Nagoha

Dedawar

zarakhela

Chungi

Babuzai Tehsil
Babuzai is a tehsil in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Babuzai is named after the local Pashtun tribe of the same name, the Babuzai.

Babuzai is one of Swat District's eight tehsils, each of which comprises a number of union councils. There are 64 union councils in Swat District.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013, the Babuzai Tehsil has the two wards: VC Aba khel and VC Bharat khel/
Punalur railway station
Punalur railway station (station code:PUU) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves Punalur, located in Kollam district of the Indian state of Kerala.

The temples related to Sabarimala like Achankovil, Aryankavu, and Kulathuppuzha are Located near Punalur. The Kollam–Shencottah railway line is the first railway line in erstwhile Travancore state and is more than a century old. The Kollam–Sengottai section is part of the Kollam–Chennai metre-gauge rail route commissioned by the British during 1904. The line which was metre gauge has been completely converted into broad gauge and train services started.

Madurai railway division
Madurai railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Officially created in 1956, it spans over 1,356 km (843 mi) making it the largest railway division of the Southern Railways.  Prior to the formation of the Thiruvananthapuram railway division which was carved out of the division, it was one of the largest railway divisions in the country.  Currently it covers up to twelve districts of Tamil Nadu and one in Kerala.  It is headquartered in Madurai.

Major revenue generating junctions in the division are Madurai, Tirunelveli, Dindigul.  In these stations most of the train halt and rake reversals takes place and also passenger foot fall is high.
Elizabeth Wiskemann
Elizabeth Meta Wiskemann (13 August 1899 – 5 July 1971) was an English journalist and historian of Anglo-German ancestry. She was an intelligence officer in World War II, and the Montagu Burton Chair in International Relations at the University of Edinburgh.

Newnham College, Cambridge
Newnham College is a women's constituent college of the University of Cambridge.

The college was founded in 1871 by a group organising Lectures for Ladies, members of which included philosopher Henry Sidgwick and suffragist campaigner Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It was the second women's college to be founded at Cambridge, following Girton College. The college celebrated its 150th anniversary throughout 2021 and 2022.
Ananain
Ananain (EC 3.4.22.31, stem bromelain, fruit bromelain) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds. Best reported small molecule substrate Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-NHMec

This enzyme is isolated from stem of pineapple plant, Ananas comosus.

Stem bromelain
Stem bromelain (SBM) (EC 3.4.22.32), a proteolytic enzyme, is a widely accepted phytotherapeutical drug member of the bromelain family of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Ananas comosus. Some of the therapeutic uses of SBM are reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis, pyelonephritis and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly of antibiotics. Its anti-metastasis and anti-inflammatory activities are apparently independent of its proteolytic activity. Although poorly understood, the diverse pleiotropic effects of SBM seem to depend on its ability to traverse the membrane barrier, a very unusual property of this protein.
WPCC
WPCC (1410 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Rhythmic Oldies/Beach music format licensed to Clinton, South Carolina, and serving Laurens County, South Carolina. The station is currently owned by Thomas Patterson, Jr., through licensee Large Time Radio Network LLC. WPCC signed on an FM translator at 96.5 FM in January 2017.

Laurens County, South Carolina
Laurens County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 67,539. Its county seat is Laurens. Laurens County is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Proterosceliopsis
Proterosceliopsis is an extinct genus of platygastroid parasitic wasp, known from the Mid-Cretaceous of Eurasia. The genus was first described in 2014 from the Albian amber of the Escucha Formation. In 2019 additional species were described from the Cenomanian-age Burmese amber, and was placed into the monotypic family Proterosceliopsidae.

Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The amber is of significant palaeontological interest due to the diversity of flora and fauna contained as inclusions, particularly arthropods including insects and arachnids but also birds, lizards, snakes, frogs and fragmentary dinosaur remains. The amber has been known and commercially exploited since the first century AD, and has been known to science since the mid-nineteenth century. Research on the deposit has attracted controversy due to the potential role of the amber trade in funding internal conflict in Myanmar and hazardous working conditions in the mines where it is collected.
Mikio Mizuta
Mikio Mizuta (水田 三喜男, Mizuta Mikio; 13 April 1905 – 22 December 1976) was a Japanese jurist, educator and politician. He served as finance minister of Japan three times and was the founder of Josai University.

Minister of Finance (Japan)
The Minister of Finance (財務大臣, Zaimu Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of Finance. The minister is also a statutory member of the National Security Council and is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

Until 2001, the Japanese title was 大蔵大臣 (Ōkura Daijin). Both the current and previous title are translated as "Minister of Finance".

The current minister is Satsuki Katayama, who took office on 21 October 2025.
Mart Port
Mart Port (4 January 1922 – 3 February 2012) was an Estonian architect and pedagogue. He was the head of many statutory plans during the Soviet era, including Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu, Viljandi and Tallinn's districts Mustamäe, Väike-Õismäe and Lasnamäe.

He designed the Viru Hotel (1968–1972), the building of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia (now the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; with Raine Karp, Uno Tölpus and Olga Kontšajeva, 1966–1968), the "Planners' House" (Rävala pst 8; with Peep Jänes and Arvo Niineväli, 1965–1981) and the World War II Memorial in Maarjamäe (with Allan Murdmaa, Peep Jänes, Henno Sepmann and Rein Kersten, 1959–1960).

Henno Sepmann
Henno Sepmann (12 February 1925 Tartu – 24 September 1985 Moscow) was an Estonian architect.

In 1952, he graduated from Tallinn Polytechnical Institute. Since 1952, he worked at the architectural bureau "Eesti Projekt". He was married to landscape architect Valve Pormeister.

Awards:

1973: Estonian SSR merited architect
History of rail transport in Spain
The history of rail transport in Spain begins in the 19th century. In 1848, a railway line between Barcelona and Mataró was inaugurated, although a line in Cuba (then a Spanish overseas province) connecting Havana and Bejucal had already opened in 1837. In 1852 the first narrow gauge line was built, in 1863 a line reached the Portuguese border. By 1864 the Madrid-Irun line had been opened, and the French border reached.

In 1911 the first line to be electrified was the Gergal-Santa Fe line.

In 1941 RENFE was created.

The last steam locomotive was withdrawn in 1975, in 1986 the maximum speed on the railways was raised to 160 km/h (99 mph), and in 1992 the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line opened, beginning the process of building a nationwide high speed network.

Iberian-gauge railway
Iberian gauge (Spanish: ancho ibérico, trocha ibérica, Portuguese: bitola ibérica) is a track gauge of 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), most extensively used by the railways of Spain and Portugal. A broad gauge, it is the second-widest gauge in regular use anywhere in the world, with only Indian gauge railways, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), being wider (by 8 mm (5⁄16 in)).

As finally established in 1955, the Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5+13⁄16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and later railways to a 1,664 mm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish railways.
Vagococcus lutrae
Vagococcus lutrae is a species of Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria from the genus Vagococcus which was originally isolated from a otter (Lutra lutra). Vagococcus lutrae can cause infection in humans in rare cases. It has also been recovered from pigs.

Vagococcus
Vagococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. They are motile or nonmotile cocci which do not form spores. The name Vagococcus comes from Latin adjective vagus meaning wandering; and the Greek noun coccus a grain or berry, Vagococcus - wandering coccus, because Vagococcus fluvialis and some other Vagococcus species are motile, an unusual property for a lactic acid bacteria.
Azimsirminskoye
Azimsirminskoye rural locality (Chuvash Аçăм Çырми ял тăрăхĕ) is a municipality in the north-western part of Vurnarsky district of Chuvashia.

The administrative center is the village of Azim Sirma. The head is Oleg Petrov.

Azim Sirma
55°36′54″N 46°44′44″E﻿ / ﻿55.61500°N 46.74556°E﻿ / 55.61500; 46.74556

Azim Sirma (Russian: Азим-Сирма; Chuvash: Аçăм Çырми, Aśăm Śırmi) is a rural locality (a village) in Vurnarsky District of the Chuvash Republic, (Russia). The village is located at 65 kmetres from the capital Cheboksari.
Rimbachia
Rimbachia is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus contains about ten species with a widespread distribution in tropical regions.

The genus name of Rimbachia is in honour of August Rimbach (1862–1943), who was a German botanist (Bryology). He was between 1910-1919, Professor of Botany at the Agronomic Institute in Montevideo, Uruguay.

The genus was circumscribed by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in  Bull. Soc. Mycol. France vol.7 on page 159 in 1891.

Tricholomataceae
The Tricholomataceae are a large family of fungi within the order Agaricales. Originally a classic "wastebasket taxon", the family included any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to e.g. the Amanitaceae, Lepiotaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Pluteaceae, or Entolomataceae.

The name derives from the Greek trichos (τριχος) meaning hair and loma (λωμα) meaning fringe or border, although not all members display this feature.

The name "Tricholomataceae" is seen as having validity in describing Tricholoma and other genera that form part of a monophyletic family including Tricholoma. To that end, the International Botanical Congress has voted on two occasions (1988 and 2006) to conserve the name "Tricholomataceae" against competing names. This decision does not invalidate the use of segregate families from the Tricholomataceae, but simply validates the continued use of Tricholomataceae.
Mjøllføykje Bluff
Mjøllføykje Bluff (73°32′S 3°45′W﻿ / ﻿73.533°S 3.750°W﻿ / -73.533; -3.750) is a prominent bluff at the east side of Belgen Valley, in the Kirwan Escarpment of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from additional air photos of 1958–59.

Belgen Valley
Belgen Valley (73°35′S 4°0′W﻿ / ﻿73.583°S 4.000°W﻿ / -73.583; -4.000) is a broad, ice-filled valley between Enden Point and Heksegryta Peaks in the Kirwan Escarpment, Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and from air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from additional air photos (1958–59), and named "Belgen" (the "shell").