hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wood ash
Wood ash is the powdery residue remaining after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a fireplace, bonfire, or an industrial power plant. It is largely composed of calcium compounds, along with other non-combustible trace elements present in the wood, and has been used for many purposes throughout history.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
François d'Harcourt (Marshal of France)
François, Duke of Harcourt (November 6, 1689 – Saint-Germain-en-Laye, July 10, 1750), was a military in 18th-century France. He participated in the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Polish Succession, and the War of the Austrian Succession. He ended his military career in 1749 with the title of Marshal of France.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
2008–09 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men
The 2008-09 Biathlon World Cup/Individual Men started at Wednesday, December 3, 2008, in Östersund and ended on Wednesday, March 11, 2009, in Vancouver at the pre-olympic Biathlon event. Defending titlist was Vincent Defrasne of France.

2008–09 Biathlon World Cup
The 2008–09 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 2 December 2008 in Östersund, Sweden and ends on 29 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
Point Judith, Rhode Island
Point Judith is a village and a small cape, on the coast of Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States, on the western side of Narragansett Bay where it opens out onto Rhode Island Sound.
It is the location for the year-round ferry service that connects Block Island to the mainland and contains the fishing hamlet of Galilee.

Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound covering 147 square miles (380 km2), 120.5 square miles (312 km2) of which is in Rhode Island. The bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor and includes a small archipelago. Small parts of the bay extend into Massachusetts.

There are more than 30 islands in the bay; the three largest ones are Aquidneck Island, Conanicut Island, and Prudence Island. Bodies of water that are part of Narragansett Bay include the Sakonnet River, Mount Hope Bay, and the southern, tidal part of the Taunton River. The bay opens on Rhode Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; Block Island lies less than 20 miles (32 km) southwest of its opening.
Basalt Island
Basalt Island or Fo Shek Chau (Chinese: 火石洲; Sidney Lau: Foh2 Sek6 Jau1) is an island of Hong Kong and administratively part of Sai Kung District. Together with Wang Chau and Bluff Island, it forms the Ung Kong (甕缸; Ung3 Gong1) Group and is part of Hong Kong Global Geopark.

China National Aviation Corporation
The China National Aviation Corporation (Chinese: 中國航空公司) was a Chinese airline which was nationalized after the Chinese Communist Party took control in 1949, and merged into the People's Aviation Company of China (中國人民航空公司) in 1952. It was a major airline under the Nationalist government of China until the 90s.

It was headquartered in Shanghai as of 1938.
Hector de Soubeyran de Saint-Prix
Hector de Soubeyran de Saint-Prix (July 2, 1756 – September 2, 1828) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1791 to 1792, the National Convention from 1792 to 1795, and the Council of Five Hundred from 1795 to 1799.

Council of Five Hundred
The Council of Five Hundred (Conseil des Cinq-Cents) was the lower house of the legislature of the French First Republic under the Constitution of the Year III. It operated from  31 October 1795 to 9 November 1799 during the Directory (French: Directoire) period of the French Revolution.
Ottopé
Ottopé is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Attobrou, Agboville Department, Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District.

Ottopé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Attobrou
Attobrou is a town in south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Agboville Department in Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District.

Attobrou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Attobrou was 20,454.
Jesús Evaristo Casariego Fernández-Noriega
Jesús Evaristo Díaz-Casariego y Fernández-Noriega (7 November 1913 – 16 September 1990) was a Spanish writer and publisher, popular especially during the early and mid-Francoism. Among some 60 books and booklets he wrote most are popular and semi-scientific historiographic works, though he was known chiefly as a novelist, especially as the author of Con la vida hicieron fuego (1953). In the early 1940s he managed a vehemently militant Francoist daily El Alcazár, yet in his youth and older age he was active as a Carlist. Today he is considered the author of second-rate literature, occasionally recognized as expert on Asturian culture and history.

La Nación (Spain)
La Nación was a Spanish newspaper published in Madrid between 1925 and 1936. Sponsored and financed by the administration of the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, it had a staff that was also the basis of the newspaper: "Justicia, Paz y Trabajo" (Justice, Peace and Work). It had its head office at number 3, Marqués de Monasterio Street, next to the María Guerrero Theater.
Charlotte Route 4
Route 4 is an 18.6-mile (29.9 km) partial ring road located in Charlotte, North Carolina.  Beginning and ending at Interstate 85 (I-85), it loops south around Uptown Charlotte along state-maintained secondary roads, connecting the Charlotte Douglas International Airport and several city neighborhoods including Madison Park, Myers Park, Windsor Park and Sugar Creek.  The route is posted by the Charlotte Department of Transportation (CDOT), using a modified pentagonal county road shield, with a green background and the city's crown logo above the number. The loop has a radius of about 4 miles (6.4 km), hence the number.

Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
Rutland (Vermont Senate district)
43°35′N 73°00′W﻿ / ﻿43.583°N 73.000°W﻿ / 43.583; -73.000

The Rutland district is one of 16 districts of the Vermont Senate. The current district plan is included in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2020 U.S. census, which applies to legislatures elected in 2022, 2024, 2026, 2028, and 2030.

The Rutland district includes all of Rutland County except the town of Mount Holly, which is in the Windsor district.

Windsor (Vermont Senate district)
The Windsor district is one of 16 districts of the Vermont Senate. The current district plan is included in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2020 U.S. census, which applies to legislatures elected in 2022, 2024, 2026, 2028, and 2030.The Windsor district includes all of Windsor County, along with some parts of others.
Fatsah Ouguergouz
Fatsah Ouguergouz is an Algerian jurist who has had a distinguished career as an international judge and legal expert. He has specialized in international law, human rights and international dispute resolution. Ouguergouz served as a Judge and Vice-President of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and has held key positions within the United Nations legal system. He is a Member of the Institute of International Law.

Assembly of the African Union
The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Assembly of the African Union consists of the 55 heads of state and government of the member countries. The Assembly meets once a year.

The Chairperson of the Assembly presides the annual African Union Summit as well as the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament.
Culture of Mangaluru
Dakshina Kannada that was partitioned from the erstwhile South Canara, has been multicultural and is a little different from the prevalent culture of the Carnataca state of India. A native of Mangaluru is known as a Mangalurean in English, Kudladakulu in Tulu, Kodyaalkar in Konknni, Manglurnavaru in Kannada and Maikaaltanga in Byari.

Tulu people
The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India. They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu. This region comprises the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Mangalore, and Udupi in Karnataka, part of Kasaragod district in Kerala, with Mangalore, Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India.
Riskin' It All
Riskin' It All is the fourth studio album by Danish rock band D-A-D, released on 10 October 1991 in Denmark by Medley Records and internationally in early 1992 by Warner Bros. The international edition includes a new rendition of the band's classic "I Won't Cut My Hair" as a bonus track.

Riskin' It All sold 450,000 copies worldwide, including 130,000 in Denmark.  In the US, the album sold 60,000 copies. As a result, Warner Bros. decided not to extend their international contract with the band.

D.A.D. Draws a Circle
D.A.D. Draws a Circle is the second studio album by Danish rock band D-A-D, at the time known as Disneyland After Dark. It was released on 16 June 1987 by Mega Records. The album received fairly positive reviews and sold 30,000 copies in Denmark.

The album was produced by Englishman Mark Dearnley, who had engineered for acts like AC/DC, Motörhead, the Beat and Haircut One Hundred. The album title has a dual meaning: it refers to making an album and, also, signals that the band had come full circle while covering different musical styles such as hard rock, punk, country, and gospel.

The album contains D-A-D's first and only cover version, "A Horse with No Name" by America, at the request of producer Mark Dearnley.
Archibald George Campbell
Archibald George Campbell (1880–1954) was an Australian orchardist and amateur ornithologist. He was the son of Archibald James Campbell. With his father, he was a founding member of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) and was President of the organisation 1934–1935. He was elected a Fellow of the RAOU in 1941. He was also a founding member of the Bird Observers Club in 1905.

Archibald James Campbell
Archibald James Campbell (18 February 1853 – 11 September 1929) was an Australian civil servant in the Victorian (later Australian) government Customs Service.  However, his international reputation rests on his expertise as an amateur ornithologist, naturalist, and photographer.

He was one of the principal founders of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) in 1901, and served as its president in 1909 and 1928.  He was also a founder member of the Victorian Wattle Club in 1899 and the Bird Observers Club in 1905. Campbell was active in the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria from its inception in 1880, leading pioneering expeditions and writing for their journal.  He wrote the classic field guide to oology (a branch of ornithology) in Australia: Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, published in 1901.
Suhaag (1994 film)
Suhaag (transl. Living husband of a married women) is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Kuku Kohli starring Ajay Devgn, Akshay Kumar, Karisma Kapoor and Nagma in lead roles. Suhaag was one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films of 1994 and was the first film where Devgn and Kumar shared screen space. The duo went on to appear in Khakee (2004), Insan (2005) and in Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe in Sooryavanshi (2021) and Singham Again (2024).

Khakee (film)
Khakee is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language neo-noir action thriller film written and directed by Rajkumar Santoshi and produced by Keshu Ramsay. The film revolves around an Indian police team on a mission to escort an accused terrorist from a small town in Maharashtra to Mumbai. It stars an ensemble cast of Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgn, Aishwarya Rai and Tusshar Kapoor.

Khakee was released theatrically on 23 January 2004 to widespread critical acclaim with particular praise for its screenplay, execution, and the cast's performances. The film was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2004, grossing ₹45.4 crore worldwide in its lifetime run.
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He is considered to be a main founder of zoology and anthropology as comparative, scientific disciplines. He has been called the "founder of racial classifications".

He was one of the first to explore the study of the human being as an aspect of natural history. His teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to his classification of human races, of which he claimed there were five: Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, and American. He was a member of what modern historians call the Göttingen school of history.

He is considered a pivotal figure in the development of physical anthropology. Blumenbach's peers considered him one of the great theorists of his day, and he was a mentor or influence on many of the next generation of German biologists, including Alexander von Humboldt.

Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Göttingen Academy of Sciences (name since 2023 : German: Niedersächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen) is the oldest continuously existing institution among the eight scientific academies in Germany, which are united under the umbrella of the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities. It has the task of promoting research under its own auspices and in collaboration with academics in and outside Germany. It has its seat in the university town of Göttingen. Its meeting room is located in the auditorium of the University of Göttingen.
Townsville road network
Townsville road network is a group of roads that provide access to the urban areas of Townsville in Queensland, Australia, and enable travel between the communities. Most of the roads retain their original road or street names, and are not well known by their official names.

City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is a local government area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. It encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas. To the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the north are Northern Beaches and Paluma. Also included is Magnetic Island. In June 2018 the area had a population of 194,072, and is the 28th-largest LGA in Australia. Townsville is considered to be the unofficial capital of North Queensland.

In the 2021 census, the City of Townsville had a population of 192,768 people.
Annales Vedastini
The Annales Vedastini or Annals of St-Vaast are a series of annals written in the early tenth century at the Abbey of St. Vaast in Arras. They are an important source for the ninth century. The years from 874 to 900 are covered with a strong bias for Lotharingian and West Frankish affairs. Like the Annales Fuldenses and Annales Bertiniani, the AV, as it is often abbreviated, was combined with the other Reichsannalen in the so-called Chronicon Vedastinum, a general chronicle covering the history of the Carolingian Empire up until 899.

Annales Fuldenses
The Annales Fuldenses or Annals of Fulda are East Frankish chronicles that cover independently the period from the last years of Louis the Pious (died 840) to shortly after the end of effective Carolingian rule in East Francia with the accession of the child-king, Louis III, in 900. Throughout this period they are a near contemporary record of the events they describe and a primary source for Carolingian historiography. They are usually read as a counterpart to the narrative found in the West Frankish Annales Bertiniani.
Culture of Cornwall
The culture of Cornwall forms part of the culture of the United Kingdom, but has distinct customs, traditions and peculiarities. Cornwall has many strong local traditions. After many years of decline, Cornish culture has undergone a strong revival, and many groups exist to promote Cornwall's culture and language today.

Saint Piran's Flag
Saint Piran's Flag (Cornish: Baner Peran) is the flag of Cornwall. The earliest known description of the flag, referred to as the Standard of Cornwall, was written in 1838. It is used by Cornish people as a symbol of their identity.

The flag is attributed to Saint Piran, a 5th-century Cornish abbot. But the white cross and black background design is also the coat of arms of the Saint-Perran (or Saint-Pezran) family from Cornouaille in Brittany, recorded from the 15th century.
Into a Circle
Into a Circle (also as In Two a Circle and In2a0) were an English new wave duo, formed in April 1985 by Paul "Bee" Hampshire and Barry Jepson, two former members of the band Getting the Fear. Jepson had also previously been the bassist for Southern Death Cult from 1981 to 1983.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.
Keith Car & Manufacturing Company
The Keith Car & Manufacturing Company is a former railroad car manufacturing company that was located in the village of Sagamore in Bourne, Massachusetts. Operational between 1846 and 1928, the plant employed up to 1,400 people at a time.

Bourne, Massachusetts
Bourne (/bɔːrn/ BORN) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. The population was 20,452 at the 2020 census.

For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Bourne, please see the articles on Bourne (CDP), Buzzards Bay, Monument Beach, Pocasset, Sagamore, and Sagamore Beach.
Frank Neubarth
Frank Neubarth (born 29 July 1962) is a German football manager and former player who spent his whole career with SV Werder Bremen and has since managed FC Schalke 04, Holstein Kiel and FC Carl Zeiss Jena.

1990–91 DFB-Pokal
The 1990–91 DFB-Pokal was the 48th season of the annual German football cup competition. 64 teams competed in the tournament of six rounds. It began on 4 August 1990 and ended on 22 June 1991. After the semi-finals both had to be replayed after draws in the first games the final went into extra time, too. Eventually Werder Bremen defeated FC Köln 4–3 on penalties to take their second title.
2024 ITS Cup
The 2024 ITS Cup was a professional tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the sixteenth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Olomouc, Czech Republic, between 17 and 23 June 2024.

ITS Cup
The ITS Cup is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor clay courts. The event is classified as a $60,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Olomouc, Czech Republic, since 2009. The event had previously been a $100,000 tournament in 2012 and 2013. In 2019, it was downgraded to a $25,000 event.
Space-based economy
Space-based economy is economic activity in outer space, including asteroid mining, space manufacturing, space trade, space burial, space advertising and construction performed in space such as the building of space stations.

Space-based industrial efforts are presently in their infancy. Most such concepts would require a considerable long-term human presence in space and relatively low-cost access to space. The majority of proposals would also require technological or engineering developments in areas such as robotics, solar energy, and life support systems.

A major catalyst in the development of a space economy has come from the rise of reusable launch vehicles and spacecraft in 2010s and the 2020s.

Some analysts have argued for creating an International Bank, to support deep space exploration.

Space advertising
Space advertising is the practice of advertising in space. This is usually done with product placements during crewed space missions.

Space advertising falls into two categories: obtrusive and non-obtrusive.

Obtrusive space advertising is advertising in outer space that is visible to individuals on the Earth's surface without the aid of a telescope or other technological devices.  Both international and national laws govern the practice of obtrusive space advertising due to concerns about space debris (objects in space that can cause harm) and the potential obstruction of astronomical views from the Earth's surface. Contemporary regulations and technological capabilities limit space advertising, yet it persists in popular culture in a variety of forms.

Non-obtrusive space advertising is the term for any other type of advertisement in space, such as logos on space suits, satellites, and rockets.