hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Anglian (Essex) Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
The East Anglian (Essex) Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery was a part-time unit of Britain's Territorial Force formed in 1908 from part of an existing Essex volunteer artillery unit. It fought on the Western Front during World War I, at the Battles of Vimy Ridge and Passchendaele, during the German Spring Offensive, and at the Battles of Amiens, Épehy, the St Quentin Canal, the Selle and the Sambre. It was merged into a medium artillery unit from Suffolk in the postwar Territorial Army.

34th Division (United Kingdom)
The 34th Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was raised in 1914, during the First World War. The division was raised from volunteers for Lord Kitchener's New Armies, originally made up of infantry battalions raised by public subscription or private patronage. The division was taken over by the War Office in September 1915. It served in France and Belgium in the trenches of the Western Front for the duration of the war.
Jeremiah 38
Jeremiah 38 is the thirty-eighth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 45 in the Septuagint. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapter 38 records the petition from the royal officials to punish Jeremiah (verses 1–6), his confinement in the dungeon or cistern and his rescue from there (verses 7-13a), although he remains in captivity (verse 13b), a secret conversation between Jeremiah and King Zedekiah (verses 14–26), and the inquiry of Jeremiah by the king's officials (verses 27–28).

Jeremiah 44
Jeremiah 44 is the forty-fourth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to the present one. Chapters 42-44 describe the emigration to Egypt involving the remnant who remained in Judah after much of the population was exiled to Babylon. The Jerusalem Bible describes this chapter as "the last episode of Jeremiah's ministry".
Markov switching multifractal
In financial econometrics (the application of statistical methods to economic data), the Markov-switching multifractal (MSM) is a model of asset returns developed by Laurent E. Calvet and Adlai J. Fisher that incorporates stochastic volatility components of heterogeneous durations. MSM captures the outliers, log-memory-like volatility persistence and power variation of financial returns. In currency and equity series, MSM compares favorably with standard volatility models such as GARCH(1,1) and FIGARCH both in- and out-of-sample. MSM is used by practitioners in the financial industry for different types of forecasts.

Volatility (finance)
In finance, volatility (usually denoted by "σ") is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns.

Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices.  Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option).
Shoal River Formation
The Shoal River Formation is a geologic formation in Florida. The sandstones and marls of the formation preserve fossils dating back to the Serravallian epoch of the Middle Miocene of the Neogene period.

Serravallian
The Serravallian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series, which spans the time between 13.82 Ma and 11.63 Ma (million years ago). The Serravallian follows the Langhian and is followed by the Tortonian.

It overlaps with the middle of the Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zone, the upper Barstovian and lower Clarendonian North American Land Mammal Ages and the Laventan and lower Mayoan South American Land Mammal Ages. It is also coeval with the Sarmatian and upper Badenian Stages of the Paratethys time scale of Central and eastern Europe.
Snyfontein
Snyfontein is a settlement situated 35 kilometres (22 mi) outside of Keetmanshoop in the ǁKaras Region of Namibia. It has about 1,000 inhabitants and belongs to the electoral constituency of Berseba. The people of this settlement mainly depend on subsistence farming and state welfare.

Keetmanshoop
Keetmanshoop is the administrative capital of the ǁKaras Region in southern Namibia. It is named after Johann Keetman, a German industrialist and benefactor of the Rhenish Mission in the town. Keetmanshoop had a population of 27,862 people in 2023.
Ancistrus occloi
Ancistrus occloi is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Urubamba River basin in Peru. The species reaches 11.6 cm (4.6 inches) SL and is noted to inhabit high-altitude areas.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
The Complete B'z
The Complete B'z is a digital box set by the Japanese rock group B'z that includes all of their albums up to the time of its release on August 1, 2005.

It is only available as a digital download from Apple Inc.'s Japanese iTunes Music Store and is not available outside Japan.

B'z (album)
B'z is the debut studio album by the Japanese rock duo B'z. It was released on September 21, 1988, and reached #47 on the Japanese charts. The album sold 3,790 copies in its first week and eventually sold 338,360 in total.

The band did not tour in support of the album, because its nine songs were all the material they had at the time, and they felt it would not be a proper show with just 40 minutes of material. Unlike the hard-rocking music that most associate with B'z, the album was very much a product of its times, with synthesizers and samplers sharing equal time with Matsumoto's guitar.

One single was released from the album, "Dakara Sono Te o Hanashite", which was released on the same day.

Two of the songs on the album are the only ones in the band's catalog not to have been completely written by the band: The lyrics to "Nothing to Change" are written by Tomoko Aran and "Kodoku ni Dance in Vain" is composed by Hiroyuki Otsuki.
Electron-beam additive manufacturing
Electron-beam additive manufacturing, or electron-beam melting (EBM) is a type of  additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, for metal parts. The raw material (metal powder or wire) is placed under a vacuum and fused together from heating by an electron beam. This technique is distinct from selective laser sintering as the raw material fuses have completely melted. Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) emerged as a powder  bed-based additive manufacturing (AM) technology and was brought to market in 1997 by Arcam AB Corporation headquartered in Sweden.

Titanium aluminide
Titanium aluminide (chemical formula AlTi), commonly gamma titanium, is an intermetallic chemical compound. It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation and heat, but has low ductility. The density of γ-TiAl is about 4.0 g/cm3 (0.14 lb/cu in). It finds use in several applications including aircraft, jet engines, sporting equipment, and automobiles. The development of TiAl based alloys began circa 1970. The alloys have been used in these applications only since about 2000.

Titanium aluminide has three major intermetallic compounds: gamma titanium aluminide (gamma TiAl, γ-TiAl), alpha 2-Ti3Al and TiAl3. Among the three, gamma TiAl has received the most interest and applications.
Enterprise, Nevada
Enterprise  is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 U.S. census, up from 14,676 at the 2000 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996. As in other unincorporated towns in the Las Vegas Valley, its ZIP Codes are assigned the place name "Las Vegas" for mailing addresses.

Sloan, Nevada
Sloan is an unincorporated community located in Clark County, Nevada, 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Las Vegas. The community has a population of 105 residents, as per the 2010 U.S. census. Sloan is renowned for its canyon, petroglyphs, and the George W. Dunaway Army Reserve Center.
Aptostichus simus
Aptostichus simus is a species of trapdoor spider in the family Euctenizidae. It is a medium-sized mygalomorph found in the United States and Mexico. Aptostichus simus build deep burrows within the sand dunes of California and Mexico near coastal vegetation. These burrows are lined with pure silk and secured with most camouflaged trapdoor made out of sand and silk.

Euctenizidae
The Euctenizidae are a family of mygalomorph spiders. Originally created as a subfamily of Cyrtaucheniidae by Robert Raven in 1985, it was established as a family by Bond et al. in 2012.

They are now considered to be more closely related to Idiopidae.
Litchfield Island
Litchfield Island is a rocky island 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) long and rising to 50 m (164 ft), lying in Arthur Harbour, 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) south of Norsel Point, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica.

Anvers Island
Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island 61 km (38 miles) long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium. It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group. The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). Cormorant Island, an Important Bird Area, lies 1 km off the south coast.

There is a small science outpost called Palmer Station on the south end of Anvers island since the late 1960s; it is the smallest and farthest north of three the U.S. has on the continent. It is staffed by a few dozen people mostly doing marine and biology research, and is usually resupplied by ship as it has no regular airport.
South Eastern Trains
South Eastern Trains (stylised as Southeastern) was a publicly owned train operating company that operated the South Eastern Passenger Rail Franchise between November 2003, when it took over from Connex South Eastern, and 1 April 2006, when London & South Eastern Railway began operating the new Integrated Kent franchise.

Kent Coast line
The Kent Coast Line is the railway line that runs from Minster East Junction to Buckland Jn connecting Ramsgate and Dover Priory in the English county of Kent.

It was electrified (750 V DC third rail) by BR under the 1955 Modernisation Plan.
T18 road (Tanzania)
The T18 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from the T3 major trunk road junction at Manyoni and heads east towards Kigoma through Tabora The roads as it is approximately 645 km (401 mi).  The road is not entirely paved and is paved in patches.

T3 road (Tanzania)
The T3 is a Trunk road in Tanzania. The road runs from the center of Morogoro where the Trunk Road T1 and T3 intersect all the way to Rwandan border at Rusumo. The road is the longest trunk road in the Tanzanian road system and it is approximately 1,097 km (682 mi). The road is a major road connecting the coast to the Tanzanian Capital Dodoma along with Rwanda. The road is entirely paved. The trunk road forms the only major land link to East African Community member Rwanda.
Fair chase
Fair chase is a term used by hunters to describe an ethical approach to hunting big game animals. North America's oldest wildlife conservation group, the Boone and Crockett Club, defines "fair chase" as requiring the targeted game animal to be wild and free-ranging. "Wild" refers to an animal that is naturally bred and lives freely in nature. "Free-ranging" means an animal that is not restrained by traps or artificial barriers, so it has a fair chance of successfully escaping from the hunt.

Fair chase has been the honor code of North American hunters for over a century and the principle underlying many hunting laws, and is taught to new hunters in hunter certification courses.

Fair Chase is also a registered trademark of the Boone and Crockett Club.

Game (hunting)
Game or quarry are wild animals which are hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies. The species of animals hunted as game varies in different parts of the world and by different local jurisdictions, though most are terrestrial mammals and birds. Fish caught non-commercially (recreational fishing) are also referred to as game fish.
Caproni Ca.135
The Caproni Ca.135 was an Italian medium bomber designed in Bergamo in Italy by Cesare Pallavicino. It flew for the first time in 1936, and entered service with the Peruvian Air Force in 1937, and with the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) in January 1938.

Hungarian Air Force
The Hungarian Air Force (Hungarian: Magyar Légierő, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈleːgijɛrøː]) is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces.

The primary focus of the present Hungarian Air Force lies in defensive operations. The flying units operate are organised into a single command; under the Air Command and Control Centre.
Laurier—Outremont
Laurier—Outremont was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935.

This riding was created in 1914 from parts of Jacques Cartier, St. Antoine and St. Lawrence ridings.

It initially consisted of Laurier and Outremont wards, Côte-des-Neiges ward, the town of Mount Royal, Mount Royal ward and Mount Royal Park of the city of Montreal.

In 1924, it was redefined to consist of the city of Outremont, and the part of the city of Montreal bounded by a line starting from the north-eastern boundary of the city of Outremont, following Mount Royal Avenue, Henri Julien Avenue, Mozart Street, Drolet Street, the extension of Isabeau Street. St. Lawrence Boulevard, Baby Street, the Canadian Pacific Railway track, Atlantic Avenue, to the northern limit of the city of Outremont, and along that boundary to Mount Royal Avenue.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was divided into Laurier and Outremont ridings.

St. Lawrence (electoral district)
St. Lawrence (French: Saint-Laurent) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1892 to 1917.

This riding was created in 1892 from parts of Montreal West and Montreal East ridings. It consisted of St. Louis and St. Lawrence wards in the city of Montreal. It was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed into St. Lawrence—St. George and George-Étienne Cartier ridings.
Riverhead Raceway
Riverhead Raceway is a 0.250 mi (0.402 km) oval race track with a Figure 8 course, located in Riverhead, New York. It is the only auto racing venue on Long Island since Westhampton Raceway closed down in 2003. It started being built in 1949 and opened as a dirt track in 1951, before permanently changing to asphalt in 1955. The raceway was also well known for featuring a towering statue of a Native American, dubbed "Chief Running Fair", at its entrance until it was destroyed in 2012 due to Hurricane Sandy but rebuilt by Christmas and still standing at its original location.

Riverhead (CDP), New York
Riverhead is a census-designated place (CDP) roughly corresponding to the hamlet by the same name located in the Town of Riverhead in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The CDP's population was 13,299 at the 2010 census.

Situated at the mouth of the Peconic River, which empties into Peconic Bay where the North and South Forks of Long Island split, the town of Riverhead (of which the CDP is a part) is the official county seat of Suffolk County. In the 1960s, most of the county offices moved to the CDP of Hauppauge in the towns of Islip and Smithtown in the more populous western half of the county—a move which still spurs attempts for the town of Riverhead to lead the way for the secession of eastern Long Island towns to form Peconic County.
Operation Oaktree
Operation Oaktree was a Dutch military operation in Dutch New Guinea during World War II. Under the command of Captain Jean Victor de Bruijn, some 40 soldiers operated in the highland region of Western New Guinea for more than two years between December 1942 and July 1944, handled by the Netherlands East Indies Forces Intelligence Service, with Australian assistance.

Paniai Lakes
The Paniai Lakes, originally known as the Wissel Lakes, are the three large, freshwater lakes in Central Papua, Indonesia: Paniai, Tigi, and Tage. Lakes Paniai and Tage are located in the Paniai Regency, while Lake Tigi is located in the Deiyai Regency. The largest of the three is Lake Paniai (Danau Paniai), while its immediate neighbor Lake Tage is the smallest.
USS Santee (CVE-29)
USS Santee (AVG/ACV/CVE/CVHE-29), was a US Navy escort carrier of World War II. Originally built as Seakay, one of twelve tankers built by a joint Navy-Maritime Commission design. This design was later duplicated and designated a T3-S2-A1 oiler. She was acquired by the Navy in 1940, and renamed Santee (AO-29), a Cimarron-class fleet oiler. In 1942, she was converted to a Sangamon-class escort carrier. Originally classified as an "Aircraft Escort Vessel", AVG-29, on 9 January 1942, she was reclassified an "Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier", ACV-29, 20 August 1942, before finally being classified as an "Escort Carrier", CVE-29, 15 July 1943. After the war, she was later classified an "Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier" and again redesignated, CVHE-29, 12 June 1955. She was named after the Santee River, in South Carolina.

Keystone Shipping Company
Keystone Shipping Company is an American shipping and transportation company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company operates a fleet of ships for both dry bulk cargo and tankers.

Keystone Shipping Company has a fleet of over 20 ships. The fleet consists of: tankers, dry bulk ships, tugboats, tank barges, and roll-on/roll-off ships. Keystone Shipping Company tanker fleet transports crude oil and other petroleum products to both coasts in the United States.
2007 WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 2007 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 48th conference playoff in league history and 53rd season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The 2007 tournament was played between March 9 and March 17, 2007, at five conference arenas and the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. By winning the tournament, Minnesota was awarded the Broadmoor Trophy and received the WCHA's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament.

WCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The WCHA Men's Tournament was the conference tournament for the men's division of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA), an NCAA Division I men's ice hockey conference that originally operated from 1951 to 2021. The tournament was also referred to as the WCHA Final Five, the moniker for the tournament's closing rounds. The winner of the tournament received an automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.  From 1985 to 2018, the winner of the tournament received the Broadmoor Trophy, before that trophy was retired in favor of the Jeff Sauer WCHA Championship Trophy.
Einsteinium oxychloride
Einsteinium oxychloride is an inorganic chemical compound of einsteinium, oxygen, and chlorine with the chemical formula EsClO. It can be prepared by heating einsteinium oxide in a gaseous mixture of HCl and H2O at 500 °C for 20 minutes.

Einsteinium(III) oxide
Einsteinium(III) oxide is an oxide of the synthetic actinide einsteinium which has the molecular formula Es2O3. It is a colourless solid.

Three modifications are known. The body-centered cubic form has lattice parameter a = 1076.6 ± 0.6 pm; this allows the ionic radius of the Es3+ ion to be calculated as 92.8 pm. The other two forms are monoclinic and hexagonal: the hexagonal form has the lanthanum(III) oxide structure.

Einsteinium(III) oxide can be obtained by annealing einsteinium(III) nitrate in sub-microgram quantities.
Helme Panjang
Mohammad Helme bin Panjang (born 24 May 1983) is a Bruneian retired footballer who played as a midfielder and is currently the assistant coach of Malaysia Super League club DPMM.  He made four appearances for the Brunei national football team in 2001.

2024–25 Brunei Super League
The 2024–25 Brunei Super League was the tenth season of the Brunei Super League, the top football league in Brunei since its establishment in 2012. The league began on 30 August 2024 and concluded on 7 February 2025.

The official match ball is manufactured by Kelme.

On 2 February 2025, Kasuka FC became the champions for the second consecutive time by beating DPMM FC II at Jerudong Park Mini Stadium 2–3 in their final fixture.
Sprint kayak
Sprint kayak is a type of canoe sprint held on calm water. The paddler is seated, facing forward, and uses a double-bladed paddle pulling the blade through the water on alternate sides to propel the boat forward. Kayak sprint has been in every summer Olympics since it debuted at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation.

Sprint canoe
A sprint canoe is a canoe used in International Canoe Federation canoe sprint. It is an open boat propelled by one, two or four paddlers from a kneeling position, using single-bladed paddles. The difficulty of balance can depend on how wide or narrow the canoe is, although regularly the less contact a canoe has with the water the faster it goes. This makes the narrower boats much faster and popular when it comes to racing.
Dynamic and formal equivalence
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translating, is the dichotomy between transparency and fidelity  – respectively, between the meaning and the literal structure of a source text.

The dynamic- versus formal-equivalence dichotomy was originally proposed by Eugene Nida in relation to Bible translation.

Source text
A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

More generally, source material or symbolic sources are objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc. Symbolic sources exclude, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a midden—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.