hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CAcert.org
CAcert.org is a community-driven certificate authority that issues free X.509 public key certificates. CAcert.org relies heavily on automation and therefore issues only Domain-validated certificates (and not Extended validation or Organization Validation certificates).

These certificates can be used to digitally sign and encrypt email; encrypt code and documents; and to authenticate and authorize user connections to websites via TLS/SSL.

Mozilla
Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes, and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institutionally by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.

Mozilla's current products include the Firefox web browser, Thunderbird e-mail client (now through a subsidiary), the Bugzilla bug tracking system, and the Gecko layout engine.
Arthur Altman
Arthur Altman (1910 – January 18, 1994) was an American songwriter whose credits include "All or Nothing at All", with lyrics by Jack Lawrence, and the lyrics for  "All Alone Am I", "I Will Follow Him", and "Truly, Truly True".

Altman studied violin and began his professional career as a violinist with the CBS Radio Orchestra. His first nationally known song was "Play Fiddle Play", which he wrote in the early 1930s for the orchestra leader Emory Deutsch.

Among the 400 songs he wrote, "All or Nothing at All" appears on more than 180 albums recorded by more than 150 artists including Count Basie, John Coltrane, Bing Crosby, Bobby Darin,  Ella Fitzgerald, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, Oscar Peterson, Frank Sinatra, and Sarah Vaughan.

He died of a heart ailment.

Jimmy Dorsey
James Francis Dorsey (February 29, 1904 – June 12, 1957) was an American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, composer and big band leader. He recorded and composed the jazz and pop standards "I'm Glad There Is You (In This World of Ordinary People)" and "It's the Dreamer in Me". His other major recordings were "Tailspin", "John Silver", "So Many Times", "Amapola", "Brazil (Aquarela do Brasil)", "Pennies from Heaven" with Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, and Frances Langford, "Grand Central Getaway", and "So Rare". He played clarinet on the seminal jazz standards "Singin' the Blues" in 1927 and the original 1930 recording of "Georgia on My Mind", which were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Hydroamination
In organic chemistry, hydroamination is the formal addition of an N−H bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene. In the ideal case, hydroamination is atom economical and green; and the products could see extensive use in fine-chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries.  Hydroamination reactions occur spontaneously only for electrophilic alkenes and some dienes, but these are known by other names (e.g. Michael addition reaction); "hydroamination" is generally reserved for situations where the reaction requires a catalyst. Hydroamination is however of little value industrially.

Hydroamination can be used intramolecularly to create heterocycles or intermolecularly with a separate amine and unsaturated compound.

Prototypical intermolecular hydroamination reactions.

Examples of intramolecular hydroamination.

Steric effects
Steric effects  arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms. When atoms come close together there is generally a rise in the energy of the molecule. Steric effects are nonbonding interactions that influence the shape (conformation) and reactivity of ions and molecules. Steric effects complement electronic effects, which dictate the shape and reactivity of molecules. Steric repulsive forces between overlapping electron clouds result in structured groupings of molecules stabilized by the way that unlike charges attract and like charges repel.
Collision detection
Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting an intersection of two or more objects in virtual space. More precisely, it deals with the questions of if, when and where two or more objects intersect. Collision detection is a classic problem of computational geometry with applications in computer graphics, physical simulation, video games, robotics (including autonomous driving) and computational physics. Collision detection algorithms can be divided into operating on 2D or 3D spatial objects.

Minimum bounding box
In geometry, the minimum bounding box or smallest bounding box (also known as the minimum enclosing box or smallest enclosing box) for a point set S in N dimensions is the box with the smallest measure (area, volume, or hypervolume in higher dimensions) within which all the points lie. When other kinds of measure are used, the minimum box is usually called accordingly, e.g., "minimum-perimeter bounding box".

The minimum bounding box of a point set is the same as the minimum bounding box of its convex hull, a fact which may be used heuristically to speed up computation.

In the two-dimensional case it is called the minimum bounding rectangle.
Nameless Island
Nameless Island (Spanish: Isla Sin Nombre) is an islet of the Galápagos Islands group, in Ecuador, between Pinzón Island and Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos). The island is most commonly used for scuba diving.

Pinzón Island
Pinzón or Pinzon Island (Spanish: Isla Pinzón) is an island in Ecuador's Galápagos Archipelago. It has no permanent population, an area of 18 square kilometers (6.9 sq mi), and a maximum elevation of 458 meters (1,503 ft). Home to giant Galápagos tortoises of the subspecies Chelonoidis duncanensis and Galápagos sea lions, the island has no visitor facilities and a permit is required for legal visits.
Robert Sitwell
Robert Sacheverell Wilmot Sitwell (23 November 1823 – 15 November 1912) was an Australian politician, a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly and Solicitor-General.

Sitwell was the son of the late Robert Sacheverell Sitwell, of Morley, Derbyshire, England, by Charlotte Anne, daughter of Francis Bradshaw, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford where he matriculated in June 1841, and graduated B.A. in 1845. He entered at the Middle Temple in April 1846, and was called to the bar in May 1849.

Sitwell emigrated to Australia, and was admitted to the Victorian bar in February 1853. He was Solicitor-General in the first responsible ministry formed in Victoria, from 25 February 1857 to 11 March 1857. Sitwell returned to England around 1859 and married, on 18 December 1861, Mary Blanch daughter of John Senior, of Birkenhead and subsequently resided in England.

Sitwell took part in politics in Derbyshire and died in Bournemouth, England.

Solicitor-General of Victoria
The Solicitor-General of Victoria, known informally as the Solicitor-General, is the state's Second Law Officer and the deputy of the Attorney-General. The Solicitor-General acts alongside the Crown Advocate and Crown Solicitor, and serves as one of the legal and constitutional advisers of the Crown and its government in the Australian state of Victoria.

The Solicitor-General is addressed in court as "Mr/Ms Solicitor". Despite the title, the position may only be filled by a barrister admitted serving as Senior Counsel, for a period specific by the Governor of Victoria. The inaugural Solicitor-General was Redmond Barry, who serviced from 15 July 1851 to 18 January 1852. The current Solicitor-General is Alistair Pound SC.
Fulmar Island
Fulmar Island (66°32′S 93°1′E﻿ / ﻿66.533°S 93.017°E﻿ / -66.533; 93.017) is a small island just south of Zykov Island in the Haswell Islands. It was discovered by the Western Base party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14), who plotted this island and the present Zykov Island as a single island. They named it Fulmar Island because of its rookery of southern fulmars. The Soviet expedition of 1956 found there are two islands, retaining the name Fulmar for the southern one.

Haswell Islands
The Haswell Islands are a group of rocky coastal islands lying off Mabus Point, Antarctica, and extending about 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) seaward. They were charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson (1911–14), who applied the name "Rookery Islands" because of a large emperor penguin rookery on Haswell Island, the largest and seaward island in the group. In 1955 the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia proposed that the name Haswell be extended to the entire group.
Noman Çelebicihan
Noman Çelebicihan (Crimean Tatar: نعمان چلبى جهان; 1885 – 23 February 1918) was a Crimean Tatar politician, lawyer, writer, and mufti of Crimean Muslims. He was the President of the short-lived independent Crimean People's Republic, established on November 26 (December 9 under the Gregorian Calendar), 1917. He is best known for his authorship of the poem "Ant etkenmen" (lit. 'I've Promised'), which became the Crimean Tatar national anthem. His early death at the hands of Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War is still commemorated in the Crimean Tatar nation.

Kurultai
A kurultai (/kʊrʊlˈtaɪ/, lit. 'gathering'), also called a quriltai, was a medieval political and military council consisting of members of a Mongol khan's family, imperial sons-in-law, captains of the army and others during and before the Mongol empire.
Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
The men's 300 m rifle three positions was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting programs at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the 300 metre rifle three positions event at an Olympic Games. The competition was held on 31 July 1920, with 70 shooters from 14 nations competing. The event was won by Morris Fisher of the United States, the nation's first victory in the event. Niels Larsen of Denmark earned silver (the first man to win multiple medals in the event, adding to his 1912 bronze), while Østen Østensen of Norway took bronze.

Shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympics
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, 21 events in shooting were contested. A contested 22nd event may have taken place as a list of medal winners are known but the event is unknown.

The competitions were held from 22 July 1920 to 3 August 1920, with Beverloo Camp hosting the pistol and rifle events, and the Olympic trap and 100 metre running deer held at Hoogboom Military Camp.
Hate to Love You
Hate to Love You (Japanese: キライ嫌いも, Hepburn: Kirai Kiraimo) is a yaoi manga by Makoto Tateno and published by Ohzora Publishing. It has been published in English by Aurora Publishing and in German by Egmont Manga & Anime.

Aurora Publishing (United States)
Aurora Publishing, Inc. was the American subsidiary of Japanese publisher Ohzora Publishing, the leading josei manga publisher in Japan. Headquartered in Torrance, California, it licensed and published Japanese manga for the North American market. Aurora Publishing's first release was Walkin' Butterfly under the shōjo imprint Aurora, which features manga targeting female readers in their teens and younger. Aurora Publishing also released manga under two other imprints: the yaoi imprint Deux Press featured female-oriented manga about homoerotic relations between beautiful men, while the josei imprint Luv Luv featured erotic romance manga targeting female readers in their late teens and up. Aurora Publishing distributed some of its manga via Netcomics.  In 2010, the Aurora office in California closed. The former employees of Aurora Publishing went on to found Manga Factory. Manga Factory lasted until at least June 2013 before it closed as well.
Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)
Oileán Ruaidh (pronounced "ill-lawn roo-ah") is a rock discovered on Mars in September 2010 by the Opportunity rover. It is a 45 centimeter wide dark rock that is thought to be an iron meteorite. It was given the name Oileán Ruaidh ("Red Island") after the Irish language name of Oileán Ruaidh island in County Donegal in Ireland.

Iron meteorite
Iron meteorites, also called siderites or ferrous meteorites, are a type of meteorite that consist overwhelmingly of an iron–nickel alloy known as meteoric iron that usually consists of two mineral phases: kamacite and taenite. Most iron meteorites originate from cores of planetesimals, with the exception of the IIE iron meteorite group.

The iron found in iron meteorites was one of the earliest sources of usable iron available to humans, due to the malleability and ductility of the meteoric iron, before the development of smelting that signaled the beginning of the Iron Age.
8th Army (France)
The Eighth Army (French: VIIIe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

During World War I, there were two 8th armies. The first was in existence under the command of General Victor d'Urbal until April 1915 when 9th Army Corps and 20th Army Corps were joined to 10th Army, which d'Urbal assumed command of for the Second Battle of Artois. The remainder of 8th Army was then renamed as the Détachement d'armée de Belgique.

The 8th Army was reformed from the former Détachement d'armée de Lorraine (Army Detachment of Lorraine) and operated on the Western Front between 2 January 1917 and 11 November 1918. After the armistice at the end of World War I, it was part of the occupation of the Rhineland. On 21 October 1919 it was combined with the Tenth Army to form the French Army of the Rhine.

During World War II and the Battle of France, it was part of Army Group 3 along the Maginot Line under the command of General Marcel Garchery.

Army of the Rhine (1791–1795)
The Army of the Rhine (French: Armée du Rhin; German: Rheinarmee)  was formed in December 1791, for the purpose of bringing the French Revolution to the German states along the Rhine River. During its first year in action (1792), under command of Adam Philippe Custine, the Army of the Rhine participated in several victories, including Mainz, Frankfurt and Speyer. Subsequently, the army underwent several reorganizations and merged with the Army of the Moselle to form the Army of the Rhine and Moselle on 20 April 1795.
Italian Federation of Agricultural Employees and Labourers
The Italian Federation of Agricultural Employees and Labourers (Italian: Federazione Italiana Salariati Braccianti Agricoli e Maestranze Specializzate, FISBA) was a trade union representing workers in the agricultural sector in Italy.

The union was founded on 1 May 1950, with most of its members being Christian democrats who had left the National Federation of Agricultural Workers.  It affiliated to the new Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions (CISL), and also to the International Landworkers' Federation.  It was initially led by Angelo Formis, then by Amos Zanibelli, Paulo Sartori and, finally, Albino Gorini.

The union was CISL's largest affiliate, claiming 361,500 members in 1955, and 214,430 members in 1996.  The following year, it merged with the Federation of Food and Tobacco, to form the Italian Federation of Agriculture, Food and the Environment.

Italian Confederation of Trades Unions
The Italian Confederation of Trades Unions (Italian: Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori, pronounced [koɱfederatˈtsjoːne itaˈljaːna sindaˈkaːti lavoraˈtoːri]; CISL [tʃizl]) is a national trade union centre in Italy representing various Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy party.

It was founded on 30 April 1950, when Catholics in the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) left after they clashed with the Italian Communist Party on the issue of a general strike provoked by the latter. Like the French Force Ouvrière (FO) union, it received financial support from Irving Brown, leader of the international relations of the US AFL–CIO and a CIA contractee.
Charles E. King
Charles Edward King (January 29, 1874 – February 27, 1950) was a Hawaiian-born American educator, Hawaii territorial legislator, and a songwriter who is most widely known as the composer of "Ke Kali Nei Au". King was inducted into the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame in 1995. Music historian George Kanahele regarded King as the "Dean of Hawaiian Music", although this sobriquet is more associated with John Kameaaloha Almeida.

Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame
The Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame  is an organization dedicated to recognizing the cultural importance of the music of Hawaii and hula. Established in 1994, the Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame promotes the appreciation and preservation of Hawaiian culture through educational programs and annual inductions honoring significant individuals, groups, institutions, chanters and songs.
Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] ⓘ) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.

Sikandar Khan Lodi
Sikandar Khan Lodi (Persian: سکندر لودی; 17 July 1458 – 21 November 1517), born Nizam Khan (Persian: نظام خان) also known as Sikandar II, was Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate between 1489 and 1517. He became ruler of the Lodi dynasty after the death of his father Bahlul Khan Lodi in July 1489. The second and most successful ruler of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, he was also a poet of the Persian language and prepared a diwan of 9000 verses. He made an effort to recover the lost territories which once were a part of the Delhi Sultanate and was able to expand the territory controlled by the Lodi Dynasty.
Ōtani Kofun
The Ōtani Kofun (大谷古墳) is a kofun burial mound located in the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site in 1978. The artifacts excavated from the tumulus were designated as National Important Cultural Properties in 1982.

Wakayama (city)
Wakayama (和歌山市, Wakayama-shi; pronounced [wakaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.  As of 1 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 351,391 in 157,066 households and a population density of 1700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 208.84 square kilometres (80.63 sq mi).
Bessemer Site
The Bessemer Site, also known as the Talley Mounds and the Jonesboro Mounds, is  a South Appalachian Mississippian culture archaeological site located near the confluence of Halls Mill Creek and Valley Creek (a tributary of the Black Warrior River), west of downtown Bessemer in Jefferson County, Alabama. The  site was occupied in the early Mississippian period from about 1150 to 1250 CE.

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat is Birmingham. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Type 83 destroyer
The Type 83 destroyer is a proposed class of guided-missile destroyers which is planned to enter service with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy in the mid-to-late 2030s. It is being developed as a direct replacement for the current flotilla of six Type 45 destroyers.

Hypersonic weapon
A hypersonic weapon is a weapon that can travel and maneuver significantly during atmospheric flight at hypersonic speed, which is defined as above Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound). These typically fall into two main categories: hypersonic glide vehicles (boost-glide weapons), and hypersonic cruise missiles (airbreathing weapons).

Below Mach 1, weapons would be characterized as subsonic, and above Mach 1, as supersonic. At extremely high speeds, air in the shock wave is ionized into a plasma, which makes control and communication difficult.
Váljohka
Váljohka is a village in Karasjok Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  The village is located at the confluence of the rivers Váljohka and Tana.  The village lies right along the Norway-Finland border in the eastern part of the municipality.  The European route E06 highway runs through the village.  Valjok Church is located in a forested area near the center of the village.

Tana (Finland–Norway)
The Tana (Finnish: Teno [ˈteno] or Tenojoki; Northern Sami: Deatnu [ˈtea̯tnuː]; Norwegian: Tana/Tanaelva; Swedish: Tana älv) is a 361-kilometre (224 mi) long river in the Sápmi area of northern Fennoscandia. The river flows through Finnmark county, Norway and the Lapland region of Finland. For 256 kilometers of its length, the Tana and its tributaries form a part of the border between Finland and Norway. The Sámi name means "Great River". The main tributaries of the Tana are the Anarjohka and Karasjohka.

The Tana Valley is the core area for "the River-Sami Culture" in Finnmark; salmon fishing is central in regard to that culture.
Doonshean
Doonshean or Doonsheane (Irish: Dún Síon or Dún Séann) is a townland in western County Kerry in Ireland. It is located about 3.8 km east from the neighbouring town of Dingle.

The area gets its name from the nearby Doonmore fort, with dún (fort) transliterated to doon, and síon deriving from the word síneadh meaning a stretch of land. The promontory fort is accessible by walking through the fields. There are also a number of other ring forts, enclosures and related archaeological sites in the area.

Dún Síon's beach has views of the village Kinard in the neighbouring parish of Lispole. The Siorrach, meaning "foal", is a sea stack which can be seen from the beach and is said to resemble a foal. The Trá Bheag, meaning "small beach", runs along the beach until it meets the sea.

Dingle
Dingle (Irish: An Daingean or Daingean Uí Chúis, meaning "fort of Ó Cúis") is a town in County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The only town on the Dingle Peninsula (known in Irish as Corca Dhuibhne), it sits on the Atlantic coast, about 50 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Tralee and 71 kilometres (40 mi) northwest of Killarney. Principal industries in the town are tourism, fishing and agriculture: Dingle Mart (livestock market) serves the surrounding countryside. The town is located in the Barony of Corkaguiny (the name 'Corkaguiny' being the anglicised version of Corca Dhuibhne).

In 2022, Dingle had a population of 1,671, a decrease from the 2016 census, and the oldest average age for a town in Ireland (44.4 years). Situated in a Gaeltacht region, 13.7% of the population spoke Irish on a daily basis in 2016. An adult Bottlenose dolphin named Fungie had been courting human contact in Dingle Bay since 1983 but disappeared in 2020.
Shinmin no Michi
The Shinmin no michi (臣民の道, "Way of Subjects") was an ideological manifesto issued by the Ministry of Education of Japan during World War II aimed at Japan's domestic audience to explain in clear terms what was expected of them "as a people, nation and race".

Manifesto
A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.