hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Cyców
Gmina Cyców is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczna County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Cyców, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Łęczna and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 147.87 square kilometres (57.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,516 (7,931 in 2015).

Łęczna
Łęczna [ˈwɛnt͡ʂna] is a town in eastern Poland with 19,780 inhabitants (2014), situated in Lublin Voivodeship. It is the seat of Łęczna County and the smaller administrative district of Gmina Łęczna. The town is located in northeastern corner of historic province of Lesser Poland. Łęczna tops among the hills of the Lublin Upland, at the confluence of two rivers—the Wieprz, and the Świnka. On December 31, 2010, the population of the town was 20,706. Łęczna does not have a rail station, the town has been placed on a national Route 82 from Lublin to Włodawa. And shall be considered as a start point to Kameralne Pojezierze, as the town has decided to rebrand the lakeland district, from Pojezierze Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie, or Pojezierze Łęczyńskie, to Kameralne Pojezierze.
Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka
Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Rawa Mazowiecka, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 163.98 square kilometres (63.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,573.

Rawa County
Rawa County (Polish: powiat rawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Rawa Mazowiecka, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Biała Rawska, lying 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka.

The county covers an area of 646.6 square kilometres (249.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 49,443, out of which the population of Rawa Mazowiecka is 17,643, that of Biała Rawska is 3,182, and the rural population is 28,618.
Entropezites
Entropezites is an extinct monotypic genus of hypermycoparasitic fungus in the order Hypocreales. At present it contains the single species Entropezites patricii.

The genus is solely known from the Lower Cretaceous, Upper Albian stage (about 100 Ma), Burmese amber deposits in Myanmar. Mycetophagites is one of only two known instances of hyperfungal species known in the fossil record, and is the oldest to be described.

Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The amber is of significant palaeontological interest due to the diversity of flora and fauna contained as inclusions, particularly arthropods including insects and arachnids but also birds, lizards, snakes, frogs and fragmentary dinosaur remains. The amber has been known and commercially exploited since the first century AD, and has been known to science since the mid-nineteenth century. Research on the deposit has attracted controversy due to the potential role of the amber trade in funding internal conflict in Myanmar and hazardous working conditions in the mines where it is collected.
CBC News
CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, including CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca. Founded in 1941 by the public broadcaster, CBC News is the largest news broadcaster in Canada and has local, regional, and national broadcasts and stations. It frequently collaborates with its organizationally separate French-language counterpart, Radio-Canada Info.

CBC Radio
CBC Radio is the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which (regardless of language) are outlined below.
Frohburg
Frohburg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁoːˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Leipzig district, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated 11 km northeast of Altenburg, and 34 km southeast of Leipzig. It includes the village of Flößberg and the town Kohren-Sahlis.

Borna, Leipzig
Borna (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔʁna] ⓘ) is a town in Saxony, Germany, capital of the Leipzig district. It is situated approximately 30 km southeast of Leipzig city. It has approx. 20,000 inhabitants. The town is the district seat of the district of Leipzig.
Michael Kirby (theater)
Michael Stanley Kirby (1931 – February 24, 1997) was a professor of drama at New York University. He wrote several groundbreaking books, including Happenings, Futurist Performance and The Art of Time. He was editor of The Drama Review from 1969 to 1986.

Although he taught at NYU simultaneously with Richard Schechner and shared an interest in avant-garde performance, he disagreed with Schechner about what should appear in TDR and about the value of the field that was emerging at the time, performance studies. Kirby believed theatrical events should be documented, not criticized or analyzed using the tools of social sciences.

He studied at Princeton University and graduated in 1953, majoring in psychology. He continued his education at Boston University College of Communication where he earned a MFA in directing and then a PhD from BU's drama department.

Boston University College of Communication
The Boston University College of Communication (COM) is the communication school of Boston University (BU), a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1947, it was the first in the United States to offer a degree in public relations (PR). COM's AdLab is the first and largest student-run advertising agency. COM houses the university's undergraduate and graduate programs in advertising, film and television, journalism, media science, and public relations.
Grey-sided bush warbler
The grey-sided bush warbler (Cettia brunnifrons) is a species of bush warbler (family Cettiidae). It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.

It is found from northern Pakistan to central China.

The phylogenetic relationships among the Cettia species are shown below, based on the data by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

It split from the Cetti's warbler about 5 million years ago.

Cetti's warbler
Cetti's warbler /ˈtʃɛti/ (Cettia cetti) is a small, brown warbler in the family Cettiidae, which breeds in southern and western Europe, northwest Africa and the east Palearctic as far as Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. The sexes are alike. The bird is named after the 18th-century Italian zoologist, Francesco Cetti. This species is often difficult to see because of its skulking habits.
2017 Las Vegas Bowl
The 2017 Las Vegas Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 16, 2017, at Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, Nevada. The twenty-sixth annual Las Vegas Bowl was one of the 2017–18 bowl games that concludes the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game aired on ABC.

Las Vegas Bowl
The Las Vegas Bowl  is an NCAA Division I FBS annual post-season college football bowl game held in the Las Vegas area. First played in 1992, the bowl was originally held at the 40,000-seat Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, Nevada, before moving to the 65,000-seat Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, in 2021. The bowl is owned and operated by ESPN Events.
Clifford analysis
Clifford analysis, using Clifford algebras named after William Kingdon Clifford, is the study of Dirac operators, and Dirac type operators in analysis and geometry, together with their applications. Examples of Dirac type operators include, but are not limited to, the Hodge–Dirac operator,  on a Riemannian manifold, the Dirac operator in euclidean space and its inverse on  and their conformal equivalents on the sphere, the Laplacian in euclidean n-space and the Atiyah–Singer–Dirac operator on a spin manifold, Rarita–Schwinger/Stein–Weiss type operators, conformal Laplacians, spinorial Laplacians and Dirac operators on SpinC manifolds, systems of Dirac operators, the Paneitz operator, Dirac operators on hyperbolic space, the hyperbolic Laplacian and Weinstein equations.

Conformally flat manifold
A (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold is conformally flat if each point has a neighborhood that can be mapped to flat space by a conformal transformation.

In practice, the metric tensor  of the manifold  has to be conformal to the flat metric tensor , i.e., the geodesics maintain in all points of  the angles by moving from one to the other, as well as keeping the null geodesics unchanged, that means there exists a function  such that , where  is known as the conformal factor and  is a point on the manifold.

More formally, let  be a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Then  is conformally flat if for each point  in , there exists a neighborhood  of  and a smooth function  defined on  such that  is flat (i.e. the curvature of  vanishes on ). The function  need not be defined on all of .

Some authors use the definition of locally conformally flat when referred to just some point  on  and reserve the definition of conformally flat for the case in which the relation is valid for all  on .
RNZAF Station Waipapakauri
RNZAF Station Waipapakauri was a Royal New Zealand Air Force station located at Waipapakauri, 14 km north of Kaitaia, Northland Region, New Zealand. Originally established in 1933 as a small local aerodrome, it was commandeered as an air force base by the RNZAF at the outbreak of war in 1939.

The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy established a radio intercept and direction finding (D/F) station here as part of a network throughout the country.

Kaitaia
Kaitaia (Māori: Kaitāia) is a town in the Far North District of New Zealand, at the base of the Aupōuri Peninsula, about 160 km northwest of Whangārei. It is the last major settlement on State Highway 1. Ahipara Bay, the southern end of Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē / Ninety Mile Beach, is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west.

The main industries are forestry and tourism. The population is 6,170 as of June 2025, which makes it the second-largest town in the Far North District, after Kerikeri.

The name Kaitāia means 'ample food', kai being the Māori word for food.

The Muriwhenua are a group of six northern Māori iwi occupying the northernmost part of the North Island surrounding Kaitaia.
Heracles in popular culture
Heracles, also known as Hercules, is a Greek and Roman mythological hero known for his strength and far-ranging adventures. He is one of the most commonly portrayed figures from classical mythology in the popular culture of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Hercules (1958 film)
Hercules (Italian: Le Fatiche di Ercole, lit. 'The Labours of Hercules') is a 1958 Italian sword-and-sandal film based upon the Hercules and the Quest for the Golden Fleece myths.  The film stars Steve Reeves as the titular hero and Sylva Koscina as his love interest Princess Iole. Hercules was directed by Pietro Francisci and produced by Federico Teti. The film spawned a 1959 sequel, Hercules Unchained (Italian: Ercole e la Regina di Lidia), that also starred Reeves and Koscina.
Test driver (software)
In software testing, a test driver is a software component or application that initiates and controls the execution of a program under test, especially when such components are part of a larger system and cannot run in isolation. Drivers control applications across various stages of software testing, from unit and integration testing right through to system integration testing and acceptance testing
, especially when the target module is a component of a larger system that is not yet fully implemented or otherwise unavailable.

Integration testing
Integration testing is a form of software testing in which multiple software components, modules, or services are tested together to verify they work as expected when combined. The focus is on testing the interactions and data exchange between integrated parts, rather than testing components in isolation.

Integration testing describes how tests are run at the integration-level to contrast testing at the unit or system level.

Often, integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a component with functional requirements.

In a structured development process, integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan, and delivers as output test results as a step leading to system testing.
2025 Giro d'Italia Women, Stage 1 to Stage 8
The 2025 Giro d'Italia Women is the 36th edition of the Giro d'Italia Women, a women's road cycling stage race in Italy. The race took place from 6 to 13 July 2025 and was the 21st race in the 2025 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. The race was organised by RCS Sport, which also organised the men's Giro d'Italia.

2025 Giro d'Italia Women
The 2025 Giro d'Italia Women was the 36th edition of the Giro d'Italia Women, a women's road cycling stage race in Italy. The race took place from 6 to 13 July, and was the 21st event of the 2025 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. The race was organised by RCS Sport, which also organises the men's Giro d'Italia.

The race was won by Italian rider Elisa Longo Borghini of UAE Team ADQ for the second time, beating Swiss rider Marlen Reusser of Movistar Team by 18 seconds. Third overall was Australian rider  Sarah Gigante of AG Insurance–Soudal, 1 minute 11 seconds behind Longo Borghini. Gigante won both mountain stages, taking the mountains classification.

Lorena Wiebes of Team SD Worx–Protime took the points classification, as well as winning stages 3 and 5. The youth classification was won by German rider Antonia Niedermaier of Canyon–SRAM Zondacrypto, with Niedermaier finishing 5th overall. The team classification was won by AG Insurance–Soudal.
Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History
The Vere Harmsworth Professorship of Imperial and Naval History is one of the senior professorships in history at the University of Cambridge. After the Beit Professorship of Colonial History at Oxford (founded in 1905) and the Rhodes Professorship of Imperial History at King's College London (founded in 1919), it is the third oldest chair in its subject in the world.

In 1919 Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere endowed a "Professorship of Naval History" at Cambridge with a donation of £20,000, in memory of his son Vere who was killed at the Battle of Ancre in November 1916.  In 1932 the Royal Empire Society successfully campaigned for Cambridge to accept the renaming of the chair to "The Professorship of Imperial and Naval History", under which rubric a new professor was appointed in 1934. Among the holders of this prestigious chair, only Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond has specialized in naval history, while the others have tended to be scholars of imperial history.

Beit Professor of Global and Imperial History
The Beit Professorship of Global and Imperial History is one of the senior professorships in history at the University of Oxford. It was established in 1905 as the Beit Professorship of Colonial History, and was known as the Beit Professorship of Commonwealth History until July 2023. It is the first imperial professorship in the United Kingdom. The post is held in conjunction with a fellowship at Balliol College, Oxford. The professorship's salary is principally drawn from the Beit fund, an endowment derived from Alfred Beit's donations to the university.
Moto E (1st generation)
The first generation Moto E is an Android smartphone developed and manufactured by Motorola Mobility. It was unveiled and released online in India and the United States on May 13, 2014.

Released in the wake of the success of the Moto G, the Moto E was designed to be a durable, low-end device marketed to first-time smartphone owners and budget-minded consumers, especially in emerging markets.

The Moto E was well received by U.S. technology publications, which praised its relatively high quality compared to other low-end smartphones common in emerging markets. However, it lacked a front-facing camera and a flash. In India, the release of the Moto E was met with similarly high demand to that of the Moto G's Indian release, crashing the website of Flipkart. This online retailer exclusively markets the device in the country.

The Moto E was succeeded by the second-generation model in February 2015.

Android KitKat
Android KitKat is the codename for the eleventh Android mobile operating system, representing release version 4.4. Unveiled on September 3, 2013, KitKat focused primarily on optimizing the operating system (running on as little as 512 MB of RAM; Project Svelte) for improved performance on entry-level devices with limited resources. It is the last version of Android to use the "Holo" interface. On July 24, 2023, Google announced that Google Play Services would no longer support KitKat in August of that year. The first phone with Android KitKat was the Nexus 5.

As of January 2025, 0.12% of Android devices run KitKat.
'Abd ar-Rahman of Bornu
ʽAbd ar-Rahman bin Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi (died December 1854), sometimes called Abdurrahman or Darman, was briefly the shehu (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from 1853 to 1854. He was the son of shehu Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, the founder of the al-Kanemi dynasty, and the younger brother of shehu Umar Kura. A skilled military commander, ʽAbd ar-Rahman played an important role in defending Bornu against external threats, including an 1846 invasion by the Wadai Sultanate, as well as an in the empire's expansion.

ʽAbd ar-Rahman's reputation for cruelty and ambition, as well as his rivalry with the waziri (vizier) al-Hajj Bashir, led to deep divisions at the imperial court in Kukawa. ʽAbd ar-Rahman deposed his half-brother Umar Kura in a coup d'état and ruled for less than a year before being overthrown and executed.

Chari River
The Chari River, or Shari River, is a 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long river, flowing in Central Africa. It is the main source of water of Lake Chad, which is located at the junction of four countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon.
Aaron Banks (martial artist)
Aaron Banks (1928 – May 2, 2013) was a martial artist born in Bronx, New York. He brought Chinese Kung Fu, Korean Moo Duk Kwan, Japanese and Okinawan Goju-Ryu karate, judo and boxing under the same roof in his New York Karate Academy. During his life, he promoted 352 karate tournaments, conducted more than 1,000 demonstrations, and organized over 250 martial arts shows. His karate influence can be seen through his karate school which he operated for 30 years and the 200,000 or more students he taught. Aaron Banks also brought martial arts to the public with his "Oriental World of Self-Defense" shows that played in Madison Square Garden for over 20 years via ABC-Wide World of Sports, NBC Sports world, CBS sports, and HBO  sports, where millions of viewers watched.

Gōjū-ryū
Gōjū-ryū (剛柔流), Japanese for "hard-soft style", is one of the main traditional Okinawan styles of karate, featuring a combination of hard and soft techniques.

Gō, which means hard, refers to closed hand techniques or straight linear attacks; jū, which means soft, refers to open hand techniques and circular movements. Gōjū-ryū incorporates both circular and linear movements into its curriculum, combining hard striking attacks such as kicks and close hand punches with softer open hand circular techniques for attacking, blocking, and controlling the opponent, including joint locks, grappling, takedowns, and throws.

Major emphasis is given to breathing correctly in all of the kata but particularly in the two core kata of the style, Sanchin and Tensho. Gōjū-ryū practices methods that include body strengthening and conditioning, its basic approach to fighting (distance, stickiness, power generation, etc.), and partner drills.
Cut Knife (electoral district)
Cut Knife is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. This constituency was created before the 4th Saskatchewan general election in 1917. Redrawn to include the former district of Lloydminster in 1934, the constituency was renamed "Cut Knife-Lloydminster" in 1964.

This district was dissolved before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995. It is now part of the Lloydminster and Cut Knife-Turtleford constituencies.

Cut Knife-Turtleford
Cut Knife-Turtleford is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in northwest Saskatchewan, this constituency has an economy based primarily on farming — while oil and gas development is rising. The Battlefords Provincial Park is located here. Communities in the riding include the towns of Cut Knife (population 610), Maidstone (1,037), Lashburn (914), and Turtleford (461); and the villages of Neilburg, Meota, Glaslyn, Marsden, and Edam.

The riding was last contested in the 2024 general election. It sent Saskatchewan Party candidate James Thorsteinson to represent the district in the Legislature.
Diarmuid Martin
Diarmuid Martin (born 8 April 1945) is an Irish prelate of the Catholic Church who was  Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland from 2004 to 2020. From 1976 to 2003 he held a variety of positions in the Roman Curia and in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, representing the Holy See at the United Nations in Geneva and many international conferences. He became a bishop in 1999 and an archbishop in 2001.

Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference
The Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference (Irish: Comhdháil Easpag Caitliceach Éireann) is the episcopal conference of the Roman Catholic bishops in Ireland. The conference meets a number of times a year in Maynooth which is the location of St Patrick's College, Ireland's national seminary. While each bishop is autonomous in his own diocese, meetings of the conference give bishops a chance to discuss issues of mutual concern, or issues of national policy.
Kommando Zivil-Militärische Zusammenarbeit
The Kommando Zivil-Militärische Zusammenarbeit (short: KdoZMZBw), ger. for Command Civil Military Cooperation, is the fifth generation of Civil-military co-operation of the Bundeswehr. The first predecessor was already formed in 2001 out of parts of the German Army (Heer), the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and the German Navy (Deutsche Marine) as part of the Joint Support Service (Streitkräftebasis) at the Clausewitz-Barracks in Nienburg, Lower Saxony. In 2017 it employs around 200 soldiers and Civil Servants Additional to this the centre receives support by the local state commands (Landeskommando) of the States of Germany (Bundesländer) and the academy of the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance in Bad Neuenahr.

Joint Support Service (Germany)
The Joint Support and Enabling Service (German: Streitkräftebasis, pronounced [ˈʃtʁaɪ̯tˌkʁɛftəˌbaːzɪs] ⓘ, abbreviated: SKB, pronounced [ɛskaːˈbeː] ⓘ; literally Armed Forces Foundation) is a branch of the German Bundeswehr established in October 2000 as a result of major reforms of the Bundeswehr. It handles various logistic and organisational tasks of the Bundeswehr. The SKB is one of six components of the Bundeswehr, the other five being the Army, Navy, Air Force, the Joint Medical Service, and the Cyber and Information Domain Service. As of April 2020, the force is composed of 27,840 personnel. In May 2021 the minister of defense Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer together with inspector general Eberhard Zorn published a plan to dissolve the Joint Support and Enabling Service and to reintegrate its units into the army, navy, airforce and cyber command.