hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brownian excursion
In probability theory a Brownian excursion process (BPE) is a stochastic process that is closely related to a Wiener process (or Brownian motion). Realisations of Brownian excursion processes are essentially just realizations of a Wiener process selected to satisfy certain conditions. In particular, a Brownian excursion process is a Wiener process conditioned to be positive and to take the value 0 at time 1. Alternatively, it is a Brownian bridge process conditioned to be positive. BEPs are important because, among other reasons, they naturally arise as the limit process of a number of conditional functional central limit theorems.

Chung Kai-lai
Kai Lai Chung (traditional Chinese: 鍾開萊; simplified Chinese: 钟开莱; September 19, 1917 – June 2, 2009) was a Chinese-American mathematician known for his significant contributions to modern probability theory.
Meßkirch
Meßkirch (German: [ˈmɛsˌkɪʁç] ⓘ; Swabian: Mässkirch) is a town in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

The town was the residence of the counts of Zimmern, widely known through Count Froben Christoph's Zimmern Chronicle (1559–1566).

Sigmaringen (district)
Sigmaringen is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Reutlingen, Biberach, Ravensburg, Bodensee, Constance,
Tuttlingen, and Zollernalbkreis.
Carrigaloe railway station
Carrigaloe railway station serves Carrigaloe on Great Island in County Cork.

It is a station on the Cork to Cobh commuter service. Passengers can travel to Glounthaune station to transfer to Midleton.

Cork Kent railway station
Kent Station (Irish: Stáisiún Cheannt) is an Iarnród Éireann railway station in Cork, Ireland. Originally opened in 1893, the station operates as a hub for Intercity services to Dublin and Tralee and commuter services to Mallow, Cobh and Midleton. In 2016, Kent Station was the fifth busiest station in the Republic of Ireland, as well as the busiest outside of Dublin.
Ted Cassidy
Theodore Crawford Cassidy (July 31, 1932 – January 16, 1979) was an American actor. He tended to play unusual characters in offbeat or science-fiction works, such as Star Trek and I Dream of Jeannie, and he played Lurch on The Addams Family TV series of the mid-1960s. He also narrated the intro sequence for the 1977 live-action The Incredible Hulk TV series and provided the growls and roars for the Hulk for the first two seasons before his death, with actor Charles Napier providing the title character's vocals for the remainder of the series.

Chuck Menville
Charles David Menville (April 17, 1940 – June 15, 1992) was an American animator and writer for television. His credits included Batman: The Animated Series, Land of the Lost, The Real Ghostbusters, The Smurfs, Star Trek: The Animated Series, and Tiny Toon Adventures.
Vince Marinello
Vincent Joseph Marinello (1938/1939 – February 21, 2020) was an American longtime sportscaster who was featured on WWL AM/FM radio and, previously, on WVUE and  WDSU in New Orleans, Louisiana.  He was later known as a leading media personality, covering aspects of the recovery of the city from the devastation following Hurricane Katrina. Before his arrest for the murder of his third wife, he served as an in-house television host and analyst at the Fair Grounds Race Course from 1990 until 2005. Marinello died in custody at Dixon Correctional Institute on February 21, 2020 of natural causes.

His case is featured in the Season 3, Episode 10, titled ‘’Louisiana’s Lost Souls’’, from the show, ‘’Deadly Sins’’.

Metairie, Louisiana
Metairie (/ˈmɛtəri/ MET-ər-ee) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States, and is part of the New Orleans metropolitan area. With a population of 143,507 in 2020, Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish, the fifth-largest CDP in the United States, and the largest outside Clark County, Nevada. It is an unincorporated area that (as of 2020) would have been Louisiana's fourth-largest city behind Shreveport if incorporated.
Madgoul, Djibouti
Madgoul (Arabic: مدغول), also known as Madgul, is a town in the northern of Tadjoura Region. It is situated about 95 kilometres (59 miles) north of Tadjoura and 14 km (8 mi) east of the border with Ethiopia.

Tadjourah Region
The Tadjourah Region Somali: Gobolka Tajoora, Afar: Rakaakay Tagórri) is a region in north-central Djibouti, the largest of its six regions. With its capital at Tadjourah, it has an area of 7,100 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi). It lies along the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the coastal city of Tadjoura. The region has active salt and fisheries industries, and is served by the Tadjoura Airport. In total area, it is larger than Brunei and smaller than Cyprus.
NGC 6240
NGC 6240, also known as the Starfish Galaxy, is a nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) in the constellation Ophiuchus. It was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 12 July 1871.

The galaxy is the remnant of a merger between three smaller galaxies. The collision between the three progenitor galaxies has resulted in a single, larger galaxy with three distinct nuclei and a highly disturbed structure, including faint extensions and loops.

Luminous infrared galaxy
Luminous infrared galaxies or LIRGs are galaxies with luminosities above 1011 L☉. They are also referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) through their normal method of detection. LIRGs are more abundant than starburst galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable luminosity. Infrared galaxies emit more energy in the infrared than at all other wavelengths combined. A LIRG's luminosity is 100 billion times that of the Sun.

Galaxies with luminosities above 1012 L☉ are known as ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Galaxies exceeding 1013 L☉ are characterised as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). Those exceeding 1014 L☉ are extremely luminous infrared galaxies (ELIRGs). Many of the LIRGs and ULIRGs are showing interactions and disruptions. Many of these types of galaxies spawn about 100 new stars a year as compared to the Milky Way which spawns one a year; this helps create the high level of luminosity.
Frontenac County, Quebec
Frontenac County was a county of Quebec, Canada. It existed between 1912 and the early 1980s. The territory it covered is today divided into the regional county municipalities of Le Granit in the administrative regions of the Estrie and Beauce-Sartigan in Chaudière-Appalaches. Its capital was the municipality of Lac-Mégantic.

The county was created in 1912 from parts of the counties of Compton and Beauce.

The county name comes from that of the governor of New France, Louis de Buade de Frontenac.

The county was formed in 19 townships. The townships in Compton County were Winslow, Whitton, Marston, Chesham and Clinton. The townships from Beauce County were Price, Lambton, Adstock, Aylmer, Forsyth, Woburn, Dorset, Gayhurst, Spalding, Ditchfield, Louise and Risborough as well as parts of Shenley and Marlow.

Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.
Technomyrmex albipes
Technomyrmex albipes, commonly known as the white-footed ant, is a species of ant first described in 1861 from Sulawesi, Indonesia by the British entomologist Frederick Smith. Invasive pest ants in Florida, previously identified as T. albipes, have now been separated as Technomyrmex difficilis,  both forming part of a species complex with a worldwide distribution.

Technomyrmex difficilis
Technomyrmex difficilis, known generally as the white-footed ant or difficult techno ant, is a species of odorous ant in the family Formicidae.

Native to the Old World, adventive in North America since 1986.
John Fraser (frontiersman)
John Fraser (often incorrectly spelled Frazier, 1721 – 16 April 1773) was a fur trader licensed by the Province of Pennsylvania for its western frontier, an interpreter with Native Americans, a gunsmith, a guide and lieutenant in the British army, and a land speculator. He served in several British campaigns against the French and their allies in the vicinity of Fort Duquesne. Later in life he became a prominent landowner and was appointed justice of the peace, serving on the court until his death in 1773.

In 18th-century documents his surname is spelled three ways: Frazer, Frazier, and Fraser. Fraser is the common Scottish spelling of the name and is used by many of John Fraser's descendants. His wife is commonly known as Jane Frazier.

John Forbes (British Army officer)
Brigadier-General John Forbes (5 September 1707 – 11 March 1759) was a British Army officer. During the French and Indian War, he commanded the 1758 Forbes Expedition which occupied the French outpost of Fort Duquesne. This required the construction of a military trail known as the Forbes Road, which became an important route for settlement of the Western United States. Forbes died in Philadelphia and was buried in the chancel of Christ Church, Philadelphia.
Baekhyeon-dong
Baekhyeon-dong (Korean: 백현동; Hanja: 柏峴洞) is a dong of Bundang district in the city of Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. As of January 1, 2024, the population of Baekhyeon-dong is 26,873, spanning 10,431 households. It comprises 1.58km2 or 1.12% of Bundang-gu. In July 1973, it was upgraded from Baekhyeon-ri (백현리; 柏峴里) to Baekhyeon-dong. Baekhyeon derives its name from a large pine tree on the ridge of the hill behind the village, and gradually it became the name of the village.

Bundang
Bundang (Korean: 분당) is a planned community in Bundang District, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It was developed to encourage affordable housing and urban decentralization. The community has a sports complex, a park and a youth center.
Quercus shennongii
Quercus shennongii is a species of oak in the section Quercus sect. Quercus. It is a native to southeastern China. There is very little information about Quercus shennongii's population, habitat, or threats, which lead the IUCN to list it as Data Deficient. It is usually a tree or shrub.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Peter Potemkine
Peter Petrovich Potemkine (Russian: Пётр Петрович Потёмкин, romanized: Pyotr Petrovich Potyomkin; 1886–1926) was a Russian chess master.

He took 7th at St. Petersburg 1904 (Mikhail Chigorin won), took 5th at St Petersburg 1907 (Eugene Znosko-Borovsky won, and took 8th at St Petersburg 1913 (Andrey Smorodsky won). In winter 1912, he played with Alexander Alekhine and Vasily Osipovich Smyslov (father of Vasily Smyslov) in Sankt Petersburg. In 1920, he tied for 3rd-6th in Moscow (Alexei Alekhine won).

Count Potemkine was a White émigré living in France. He officially represented Russia in 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924.

He tied for 7-8th at Prague 1923 (Karel Skalička won), tied for 4-7th at Paris 1924 (Znosko-Borovsky won), tied for 5-6th at Paris 1925 (Victor Kahn won), and shared 1st with Vitaly Halberstadt at Paris 1926.

In 1926, Le Cercle d'échecs Potemkine was established in Paris.

Mikhail Chigorin
Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin (also Tchigorin; Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Чиго́рин; 12 November [O.S. 31 October] 1850 – 25 January [O.S. 12 January] 1908) was a Russian chess player. He played two World Championship matches against Wilhelm Steinitz, losing both times. The last great player of the Romantic chess style, he also served as a major source of inspiration for the "Soviet chess school", which dominated the chess world in the middle and latter parts of the 20th century.
2011 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 2011 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs were led by 11th-year head coach Mark Richt and played their home games at Sanford Stadium. They are a member of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 10–4, 7–1 in SEC play to be champions of the Eastern Division. They represented the division in the SEC Championship Game where they lost to Western Division representative LSU 42–10. They were invited to the Outback Bowl where they lost to Michigan State 33–30 in three overtimes. The 2011 season marked the first time since 1981 that UGA swept three of its biggest SEC rivals: Florida, Auburn and Tennessee; this feat would be repeated in the 2012 season.

Mark Richt
Mark Allan Richt (born February 18, 1960) is an American former college football coach, player, and current television analyst. He was the head football coach at the University of Georgia for 15 years and at the University of Miami, his alma mater, for three. His teams won two Southeastern Conference (SEC) championships, five SEC division titles, and one Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) division title. He was a two-time SEC Coach of the Year (2002, 2005), the 2017 ACC Coach of the Year, and the winner of the national 2017 Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award. On January 10, 2023, he was inducted into College Football Hall of Fame as part of the 2023 class.

Richt played college football as a quarterback at Miami. As an assistant coach, he spent 14 years at Florida State University, where he served as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach under Bobby Bowden, and a year as offensive coordinator at East Carolina University.
Ernst Huhn
Ernst Huhn (1894–1964) was a German architect who first rebuilt and later designed cinemas, theatres and inns, including the Schauspielhaus Bad Godesberg, Germany's first new theatre after the Second World War

Cologne Ring
The Cologne Ring (known in German as: Kölner Ringe) is a semi-circular, some 6 km long urban boulevard in Innenstadt, Cologne and the city's busiest and most prominent street system. The Cologne Ring is a four lane street and part of Bundesstraße 9.

The ring road encircles the old town of Cologne on its southern, western and northern boundaries on the site of the former medieval city wall. It divides Innenstadt into old town (Altstadt) east of it and new town (Neustadt) west of it. Most of the city wall has been worked away during the 1880s and only few sections of the wall exist today at Hansaring and Sachsenring. Of the once twelve medieval city gates, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today.
Arctotraversodontinae
Arctotraversodontinae is a subfamily of Late Triassic cynodonts belonging to the family Traversodontidae. Members of the subfamily include Arctotraversodon, Boreogomphodon and Plinthogomphodon from North America, and Habayia, Maubeugia, Microscalenodon and Rosieria from Europe.

Rosieria
Rosieria is an extinct genus of dwarf cynodonts from the Late Triassic of France. It belongs to the family Traversodontidae, a herbivorous group known mainly from Gondwana. The type species R. delsatei was named in 1997 on the basis of a few isolated postcanine teeth found in Saint-Nicolas-de-Port in northeastern France. These teeth were found alongside the teeth of many other cynodonts, including those of Hahnia, Gaumia, and Maubeugia. The small size of the teeth in Saint-Nicolas-de-Port suggest R. delsatei and other species were dwarf cynodonts. Most teeth in the locality belong to insectivores like dromatheriids, while those of R. delsatei and other herbivorous cynodonts are very rare.
Zavrelia
Zavrelia is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. The genus is named in honour of Jan Zavřel.

Species of the genus are small to minute chironomids, which are recorded from both continents of the northern hemisphere. All known larvae of Zavrelia construct small, straight transportable cases of sand, silt, detritus and sometimes diatoms that function as retreats until the mature pupa swims to the surface prior to its adult emergence.

Chironomidae
Chironomidae /ˌkaɪrəˈnɒmɪdiː/, commonly known as non-biting midges or chironomids /kaɪˈrɒnəmɪdz/, are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the families Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Although many chironomid species superficially resemble mosquitoes, they can be distinguished by the absence of the wing scales and elongated mouthparts characteristic of the Culicidae (true mosquitoes).

The name Chironomidae stems from the Ancient Greek word kheironómos, "a pantomimist".
Network performance
Network performance refers to measures of service quality of a network as seen by the customer.

There are many different ways to measure the performance of a network, as each network is different in nature and design. Performance can also be modeled and simulated instead of measured; one example of this is using state transition diagrams to model queuing performance or to use a Network Simulator.

Round-trip delay
In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. In the context of computer networks, the signal is typically a data packet. RTT is commonly used interchangeably with ping time, which can be determined with the ping command. However, ping time may differ from experienced RTT with other protocols since the payload and priority associated with ICMP messages used by ping may differ from that of other traffic.

End-to-end delay is the length of time it takes for a signal to travel in one direction and is often approximated as half the RTT.
3361 Orpheus
3361 Orpheus (1982 HR) is an Apollo asteroid that was discovered on 24 April 1982 by Carlos Torres at Cerro El Roble Astronomical Station. Its eccentric orbit crosses those of Mars and Earth, and approaches Venus as well. From 1900 to 2100 it passes closer than 0.2 AU (78 LD; 30 million km; 19 million mi) to Venus, 11; Earth, 33; and Mars, 14 times. It passed by Earth at a distance of about 0.03 AU (12 LD; 4.5 million km; 2.8 million mi) in 1937, 1978, 1982, and 2021, and will do so again in 2025.

3361 Orpheus is a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) because its minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) is less than 0.05 AU (19 LD; 7.5 million km; 4.6 million mi) and its diameter is greater than 140 metres (460 ft). The Earth-MOID is 0.0139 AU (5.4 LD; 2.08 million km; 1.29 million mi). With an observation arc of 36 years, the orbit is well-determined for the next several hundred years.

The orbital solution includes non-gravitational forces.

Carlos Torres (astronomer)
Carlos Torres (1929–2011) was a Chilean astronomer of the University of Chile and an individual member of the International Astronomical Union on several commissions. Between 1968 and 1982, he discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids from the University of Chile's Cerro El Roble Astronomical Station. Together with Spanish astronomer Carlos Guillermo Torres (1910–1965), he was honored with the naming of asteroid 1769 Carlostorres.
Lucie Pudilová
Lucie Pudilová (born June 13, 1994) is a Czech female mixed martial artist who competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).  She was the Gladiator Championship Fighting Bantamweight female champion in Czech Republic.

Bantamweight (MMA)
The bantamweight division in mixed martial arts refers to a number of different MMA weight classes, which groups competitors within 126–135 lb (57.2-61.3 kg)

The UFC bantamweight division, which groups competitiors within the 126-135 lb (57-61 kg)

The Shooto bantamweight division, which suits competitors below 125 lb (56.7 kg)

The ONE Championship's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 65.8 kg (145.1 lb)

The Road FC's bantamweight division, with upper limit at 135.6 lb (61.5 kg)

The bantamweight division sits between the lighter flyweight (116–125 lb) division and the heavier featherweight division (136–145 lb).
Øye Stave Church
Øye Stave Church (Norwegian: Øye stavkyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Øye. It is one of the churches for the Øye parish which is part of the Valdres prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden stave church was built in a long church design in 1965 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Øvergaard using pieces salvaged from the old 12th century church that had originally been torn down in 1747. The church seats about 30 people.

Vang Municipality
Vang is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vang i Valdres. Other villages in Vang include Hensgardane, Nystuen, Øye, Ryfoss, and Tyinkrysset.

The 1,504.84-square-kilometre (581.02 sq mi) municipality is the 55th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vang Municipality is the 299th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,648. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Lacy-Zarubin Agreement
The Lacy-Zarubin Agreement, also known as the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Exchanges in Cultural, Technical, and Educational Fields, was a bilateral agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on various fields including film, dance, music, tourism, technology, science, medicine, and scholarly research exchange. The agreement was signed on 27 January 1958 in Washington, D.C., negotiated between William S.B. Lacy, U.S. President's Special Assistant on East-West exchanges and Georgy Zarubin, Soviet ambassador to the United States.

The Lacy-Zarubin Agreement was renegotiated every two years, and during the detente, the duration was extended to three years. The final agreement was signed by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, at the 1985 Geneva Summit, and the agreement was in effect until the Soviet collapse.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.