hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Najeeb Ahmed
Syed Najeeb Ahmed (17 November 1963 – 11 April 1990), also known as Quaid-e-Talba ('Leader of students'), was a Pakistani leftist student activist who was murdered in 1990.

Born to a Muhajir family in Karachi, Ahmed was a PSF (student wing of Pakistan People's Party) leader in Karachi and president of PSF, Karachi division. He is dubbed the "iron man" of the PSF.

At University of Karachi, Najeeb Ahmed had a few scuffles with policemen posted at the university. He then led PSF into a number of clashes with APMSO the student wing of MQM, before being arrested. Najeeb Ahmed had been leading PSF at the university since 1986, by 1988 he had emerged as the student organisation's top man in Karachi.

In Karachi Najeeb Ahmed was popularly acclaimed as the Quaid-e-Talba ('Leader of students') and has become a symbol of bravery for PSF activists all over Pakistan.

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Greece–India relations
Greece–India relations are the bilateral relations between India and Greece. Greece has an embassy in New Delhi. India has an embassy in Athens. As of 2023, the relation between the two countries is closer than ever and is considered historical and strategic by both parts.

Antiochus I Soter
Antiochus I Soter (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίοχος Σωτήρ, Antíochos Sōtér; "Antiochus the Savior"; c. 324/3 – 2 June 261 BC) was a Greek king of the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus succeeded his father Seleucus I Nicator in 281 BC and reigned during a period of instability which he mostly overcame until his death on 2 June 261 BC. He is the last known ruler to be attributed the ancient Mesopotamian title King of the Universe.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the state of Pennsylvania, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts. The state's primary election occurred on June 2, 2020. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections.

Everytown for Gun Safety
Everytown for Gun Safety is an American non-profit organization which advocates for gun control and against gun violence. Everytown was formed in 2013 due to a merger between Mayors Against Illegal Guns and Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America.

The organization works to "support efforts to educate policy makers, as well the press and the public, about the consequences of gun violence, and promote efforts to keep guns out of the hands of criminals". The group has focused on efforts to require universal background checks on firearms purchases. The organization also produces research and studies on gun violence. Everytown for Gun Safety is largely financed by Michael Bloomberg.

The group has drawn criticism, in 2009, for example, several mayors stated that they discovered they had been listed as supporters of the organization without their knowledge or consent.
Derbyshire Constabulary
Derbyshire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Derbyshire, England. The force covers an area of over 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) with a population of just under one million.

His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services
His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS), formerly Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC), has statutory responsibility for the inspection of the police forces of England and Wales, and since July 2017 the fire and rescue services of England. HMICFRS is headed by the Chief Inspector of Constabulary and Chief Inspector of Fire & Rescue Services. It has taken over the responsibilities of His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate.

Inspections may also be made, by invitation only, and on a non-statutory basis, of the Police Service of Northern Ireland and other organisations with policing responsibility.
Dohazari Commuter
The Dohazari Commuter (Bengali: দোহাজারী কমিউটার) was a commuter train belonging to Bangladesh Railway – East Zone that runs between Chittagong and Dohazari railway station in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh.

Chattogram railway station
Chattogram Railway Station is a railway station in Bangladesh, situated at Battoli, Station Road of Chattogram District. It is one of the largest railway stations of the country. This station has an old and a new terminal.
Nick Goldman
Nicholas Goldman is a group leader and senior scientist at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), located on the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England. He began working at the EBI in 2002, and became a senior scientist there in 2009. His group's research focuses on evolutionary genetics and genomics. He and his EBI colleague Ewan Birney, along with other researchers, developed a tool for DNA digital data storage, on which they successfully encoded all the sonnets of William Shakespeare, Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech, a PDF of the 1953 paper "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", and a photo of their own institute. They described their results in a 2013 paper in Nature.

Ewan Birney
John Frederick William Birney (known as Ewan Birney) CBE FRS FMedSci (born 6 December 1972) is Interim Director General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). He also serves as non-executive director of Genomics England, chair of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) and honorary professor of bioinformatics at the University of Cambridge. Birney has made significant contributions to genomics, through his development of innovative bioinformatics and computational biology tools. He previously served as an associate faculty member at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Kōta Takai
Kōta Takai (高井 幸大, Takai Kōta; born 4 September 2004) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach, on loan from Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur, and the Japan national team.

2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup
The 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup was the 6th edition of the AFC U-23 Asian Cup (previously the AFC U-23 Championship before rebranding from 2021), the biennial international age-restricted football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the men's under-23 national teams of Asia. The tournament was held in Qatar from 15 April to 3 May 2024.

The tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2024 Summer Olympics men's football tournament in France. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the Olympics as the AFC representatives, while the fourth-best team entered a single-elimination AFC–CAF play-off match. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament.

Saudi Arabia were the defending champions, but failed to defend the title after losing to Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals, who in turn lost the final to Japan in both teams' hunt for the second title.
Gmina Chlewiska
Gmina Chlewiska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Szydłowiec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Chlewiska, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Szydłowiec and 110 km (68 mi) south of Warsaw. The gmina covers an area of 124.2 square kilometres (48.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,196.

Szydłowiec County
Szydłowiec County (Polish: powiat szydłowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Szydłowiec, which lies 110 kilometres (68 mi) south of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 452.22 square kilometres (174.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 39,766, out of which the population of Szydłowiec is 11,736, and the rural population is 28,030.
1974 Birmingham International
The 1974 Birmingham International was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Birmingham Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States that was part of the 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the second edition of the event and was held from February 13 through February 17, 1974. Top-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and earned $5,000 first-prize money after defeating Sandy Mayer in the final.

1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit
The 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit , also known by its sponsored name Schick Tennis Classic, was a professional tennis circuit held in the United States from January until April that year. It consisted of 13 tournaments and was organized by Bill Riordan and sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA). The circuit offered total prize money of over $400,000 including a bonus pool of $100,000 available for the top eight players who participated in at least six tournaments.
Toxophora
Toxophora is a genus of flies belonging to the family Bombyliidae (bee-flies). There are about 47 described species, distributed throughout the world, although they are most abundant in Southwestern United States and western Mediterranean. They are stout, robust flies with a hunchbacked form, with a body length of 6–12 mm and wings 4 to 7.5mm. Most species are black with banding or spots.

Larvae are parasitoids of solitary wasps and bees, especially in the family Vespidae.

Bombyliidae
The Bombyliidae are a family of flies, commonly known as bee flies. Some are colloquially known as bomber flies. Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, some being important pollinators. Larvae are mostly parasitoids of other insects.
Gresford disaster
The Gresford disaster (Welsh: Trychineb Gresffordd) occurred on 22 September 1934 at Gresford Colliery, near Wrexham, when an explosion and underground fire killed 261 men. Gresford is one of Britain's worst coal mining disasters: a controversial inquiry into the disaster did not conclusively identify a cause, though evidence suggested that failures in safety procedures and poor mine management were contributory factors. Further public controversy was caused by the decision to seal the colliery's damaged sections permanently, meaning that the bodies of only eight of the miners were ever recovered. Two of the three rescue men who died were brought out leaving the third body in situ until recovery operations began the following year.

Broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly in Britain, Ireland and North America because they are easy to produce and are often associated with one of the most important forms of traditional music from these countries, the ballad. They were also common across Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
Defence batteries, Royal Artillery
The Defence Batteries were units of the Royal Artillery created for beach defence during World War II when the United Kingdom was threatened with invasion after the Dunkirk evacuation. Once they had served their purpose they were disbanded or converted into units of field artillery.

171st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 171st Field Regiment was a unit of Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II. Originally formed to man beach defence batteries, it later became field artillery and briefly converted to heavy artillery. It served in Home Forces and supplied trained gunners to the fighting fronts, but saw no active service. It was disbanded after the war.
Timeline of entomology – prior to 1800
Entomology, the scientific study of insects and closely related terrestrial arthropods, has been impelled by the necessity of societies to protect themselves from insect-borne diseases, crop losses to pest insects, and insect-related discomfort, as well as by people's natural curiosity. Though many significant developments in the field happened only recently, in the 19th–20th centuries, the history of entomology stretches back to prehistory.

Conrad Gessner
Conrad Gessner (/ˈɡɛsnər/; Latin: Conradus Gesnerus; 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zurich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his talents and supported him through university, where he studied classical languages, theology and medicine. He became Zurich's city physician, but was able to spend much of his time on collecting, research and writing. Gessner compiled monumental works on bibliography (Bibliotheca universalis 1545–1549) and zoology (Historia animalium 1551–1558) and was working on a major botanical text at the time of his death from plague at the age of 49. He is regarded as the father of modern scientific bibliography, zoology and botany. He was frequently the first to describe species of plants or animals in Europe, such as the tulip in 1559. A number of plants and animals have been named after him.
Seymour Crawford
Seymour Crawford (1 June 1944 – 21 October 2018) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan–Monaghan constituency from 1992 to 2011.

Crawford was elected as a TD at the 1992 general election to the 27th Dáil. He was re-elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1997, 2002 and 2007 general elections. He was a member of Monaghan County Council from June 1991 until September 2003. In 2004, he served as vice-chairperson of the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Body and was a member from 1993 to 2007.

He was vice-president of the Irish Farmers' Association from 1984 to 1988. He was a member of Newbliss Presbyterian Church and was the only Ulster Protestant and Presbyterian member of the Oireachtas during his term in the Dáil. He received the Bastow Memorial Award for service in meat and livestock in 1985.

He retired from politics at the 2011 general election. Crawford died on 21 October 2018.

27th Dáil
The 27th Dáil was elected at the 1992 general election on 25 November 1992 and met on 14 December 1992. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 20th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The 27th Dáil saw a change of Taoiseach from Albert Reynolds to John Bruton in December 1994, the only time there was a new Taoiseach with a change in the party composition of the government during a Dáil term. The 27th Dáil was dissolved by President Mary Robinson on 15 May 1997, at the request of the Taoiseach, John Bruton. The 27th Dáil lasted 4 years, 152 days.
Makryotika
Makryotika (Greek: Μακρυώτικα) is a village located on the slopes of Mount Agia Dynati, on the Ionian island of Kefalonia in Greece. It contains the neighbourhood known as Potamianata. It is one of three local communities within the greater municipal unit of Pylaros and had a population of 402 in 2021.

The village's main square has a fountain and panoramic views over the whole of the Pylaros valley.

Makryotika has a school, a tavern, and a supermarket with a butcher shop. The butcher raises his own livestock organically on his farm in the mountains. There is also a small ironworks and a carpenter's shop. One of the local bakeries still makes its bread in the traditional way.

Within the community area of Makriotika there are two petrol stations, supermarkets, another ironworks, a cafe, more bakeries, cheesemakers, and auto mechanics. During the summer months, there are many apartments, studios and rooms to let. A regular bus service operates between Makriotika and Agia Efimia.

Cephalonia
Kefalonia or Cephalonia (Greek: Κεφαλονιά [kefaloˈɲa]), formerly also known as Kefallinia or Kephallenia (Κεφαλληνία), is the largest of the Ionian Islands in western Greece and the 6th-largest island in Greece after Crete, Euboea, Lesbos, Rhodes and Chios. It is also a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region. It was a former Latin Catholic diocese Kefalonia–Zakynthos (Cefalonia–Zante) and short-lived titular see as just Kefalonia. The largest cities of Cephalonia are Argostoli and Lixouri.
Nguyễn Thanh Long
Nguyễn Thanh Long (born September 3, 1966) is a former Vietnamese politician and medical doctor who served as Minister of Health from July 2020 until his removal from the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 2022 for involvement in the Việt Á corruption scandal. During his term as Minister of Health, he was in acting capacity from July to November 2020. He has been noted for being one of the chief strategists of the response of the Vietnamese government to the COVID-19 pandemic. In January 2024, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison for taking bribes worth USD 2.25 million and expelled from Vietnam's Communist Party.

Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee is the highest body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in between gatherings of the National Congress and of the plenary sessions of the Central Committee. According to Party rules, the Politburo directs the general orientation of the government, and by that, it has dominant power in the politics of Vietnam.

The members of the Politburo are elected and given a ranking by the Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of a National Party Congress. The current Politburo (14th term) was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 14th National Congress and consists of 19 members. The first-ranked member is General Secretary of the Central Committee.
MRN complex
The MRN complex (MRX complex in yeast) is a protein complex consisting of Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1 (also known as Nibrin in humans and as Xrs2 in yeast).  In eukaryotes, the MRN/X complex plays an important role in the initial processing of double-strand DNA breaks prior to repair by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining.  The MRN complex binds avidly to double-strand breaks both in vitro and in vivo and may serve to tether broken ends prior to repair by non-homologous end joining or to initiate DNA end resection prior to repair by homologous recombination. The MRN complex also participates in activating the checkpoint kinase ATM in response to DNA damage.  Production of short single-strand oligonucleotides by Mre11 endonuclease activity has been implicated in ATM activation by the MRN complex.

Telomere
A telomere (/ˈtɛləmɪər, ˈtiːlə-/;  from Ancient Greek  τέλος (télos) 'end' and  μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes. In most or even all species possessing them, they protect the terminal regions of chromosomal DNA from progressive degradation and ensure the integrity of linear chromosomes by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of the DNA strand for a double-strand break.
Bobby Lugo
Bobby Lugo is a former member of the Arizona House of Representatives. He served in the House from January 2001 through January 2003, serving district 8.: vii  After redistricting in 2002, he ran for re-election in District 25. Along with Manuel Alvarez he won the Democratic primary, but lost in the general election to Republican Jennifer J. Burns.

Manuel Alvarez (politician)
Manuel Alvarez was a member of the Arizona State Senate from 2009 through 2011. He was elected to the Senate in November 2008, and served one term.: vii   In his bid for re-election, he was defeated in the 2010 election by Gail Griffin.  Prior to his service in the Senate, Alvarez served in the U.S. Army from 1962 to 1965.
Soil in the United States
The USDA soil taxonomy hierarchy includes orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families and series, with each series representing a unique kind of soil. In the United States, over 20,000 soil series have been identified. Soil maps and associated data are available for more than 95 percent of the nation’s counties.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
The National Cooperative Soil Survey Program (NCSS) in the United States is a nationwide partnership of federal, regional, state, and local agencies and institutions. This partnership works together to cooperatively investigate, inventory, document, classify, and interpret soils and to disseminate, publish, and promote the use of information about the soils of the United States and its trust territories. The activities of the NCSS are carried out on national, regional, and state levels.
2022–23 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 13th-year head coach Fran McCaffery and played its home games at Carver–Hawkeye Arena as members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished the season 19–14, 11–9 in Big Ten play to finish in a four-way tie for fifth place. As the No. 5 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost to No. 13-seeded Ohio State in the second round. The Hawkeyes received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 8 seed in the Midwest region where the lost to Auburn in the First Round.

Junior forward Kris Murray earned First-team All-Big Ten honors and Third-team AP, Sporting News and USBWA All-America honors while averaging 20.2 points per game. It marked the fourth consecutive season that an Iowa player was named a consensus All-American, following twin brother Keegan Murray in 2022 and Luka Garza in 2021 and 2020.

Keegan Murray
Keegan Mitchell Murray (born August 19, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Iowa Hawkeyes before he was selected fourth overall by the Sacramento Kings in the 2022 NBA draft. He is the twin brother of Kris Murray.
National Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Capital Chapter
National Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Capital Chapter is a local chapter of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.  The National Capital Chapter, founded in 1957, promotes, researches, educates, and advocates on issues relating to multiple sclerosis.  The organization also provides a wide range of programs, including support for the newly diagnosed and those living with MS in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area as well.  Along with Washington, D.C., its service area includes: Calvert, Charles, Montgomery, Prince George's and St. Mary's counties in Maryland; and Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, and Prince William counties in Virginia.

National Multiple Sclerosis Society
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1946. It is dedicated to supporting individuals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) and funding research to find a cure for the disease. It provides resources, support services, advocacy, and educational programs to improve the lives of people with MS, and their families.