hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penske PC-17
The Penske PC-17 was a CART Penske Racing car which was constructed for competition in the 1988 season. The car was designed by Nigel Bennett. The chassis swept the front row at the 1988 Indianapolis 500 with Rick Mears winning the pole position, Danny Sullivan qualifying second and Al Unser, Sr. third. Mears went on to win the Indy 500 and Sullivan the season championship.

The PC-17 ushered in a new era of success for the Penske chassis program, which had suffered in the past few seasons of competition.

Team Penske
Team Penske (formerly known as Penske Racing) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The team made its competitive debut at the 1966 24 Hours of Daytona and has since participated in a wide range of professional motorsport disciplines, including Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Australia's Supercars Championship. Over the course of its history, Team Penske has amassed more than 500 race victories and secured over 40 championships across various categories of auto racing. The team operates as a division of Penske Corporation and is owned and chaired by Roger Penske.
2006 Algerian Super Cup
The 2006 Algerian Super Cup is the  5th edition of Algerian Super Cup, a football match contested by the winners of the Championnat National and 2005–06 Algerian Cup competitions. The match was scheduled to be played on 1 November 2006 at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers between 2005-06 Championnat National winners JS Kabylie and 2005–06 Algerian Cup winners MC Alger.

Algerian Super Cup
The Algerian Super Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر الممتازة) is an Algerian football competition, held as a game between the reigning champions of the Algerian League and the Algerian Cup. The first edition was held in 1981 and then again in 1992, 1994 and 1995 before being scrapped. The game returned in 2006 but would be scrapped again after the 2007 edition, returning once again in 2013.

The current holders are MC Alger, who beat USM Alger in the 2025 final, played in January 2026. MC Alger is the most successful club in the competition, having won the trophy five times.
CSM Vaslui (football)
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Vaslui, commonly known as CSM Vaslui, or simply as Vaslui, is a Romanian football team based in Vaslui, Vaslui County, currently playing in the Liga III. The team represents the football section of the multi-sport club CSM Vaslui, which also include basketball, athletics and handball sections.

Vaslui
Vaslui (Romanian pronunciation: [vasˈluj]), a city in eastern Romania, is the seat of Vaslui County, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. The city administers five villages: Bahnari, Brodoc, Moara Grecilor, Rediu, and Viișoara.
Norton Simon Museum
The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum and displays numerous sculptures on its grounds.

The Norton Simon collections include European paintings, sculptures, and tapestries; Asian sculptures, paintings, and woodblock prints. Outside sculptures surround the museum, with notable Rodin sculptures near its entrance and other sculptures along Colorado Boulevard and in a landscape setting around a large pond. The museum contains the Norton Simon Theater which shows film programs daily, and hosts lectures, symposia, and dance and musical performances year-round. The museum is located on Colorado Boulevard along the route of the Tournament of Roses's Rose Parade, where its distinctive, brown tile exterior can be seen in the background of television broadcasts.

Francesco Guardi
Francesco Lazzaro Guardi (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko ˈgwardi]; 5 October 1712 – 1 January 1793) was an Italian painter, nobleman, and a member of the Venetian School. He is considered to be among the last practitioners, along with his brothers, of the classic Venetian school of painting.

In the early part of his career he collaborated with his older brother Gian Antonio in the production of religious paintings. After Gian Antonio's death in 1760, Francesco concentrated on vedute. The earliest of these show the influence of Canaletto, but he gradually adopted a looser style characterized by spirited brush-strokes and freely imagined architecture.
2024 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl
The 2024 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2024, at Albertsons Stadium located in Boise, Idaho. The 28th annual Famous Idaho Potato Bowl game featured Northern Illinois and Fresno State. The game began at approximately 12:30 p.m. MST and aired on ESPN. The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was one of the 2024–25 bowl games concluding the 2024 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by the Idaho Potato Commission.

Famous Idaho Potato Bowl
The Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, previously the Humanitarian Bowl (1997–2003, 2007–2010) and the MPC Computers Bowl (2004–2006), is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 1997 at Albertsons Stadium on the campus of Boise State University in Boise, Idaho. The game is televised nationally on the ESPN family of networks.
Coherent addition
Coherent addition (or coherent combining) of lasers 
is a method of power scaling. It allows increasing the output power and brightness of single-transversal mode laser.

Usually, the term coherent addition applies to fiber lasers. As the ability of pumping and/or cooling of a single laser is saturated, several similar lasers can be forced to oscillate in phase with a common coupler.  The first nonlinear theory of the coherent addition of laser sets had been developed by Nikolay Basov with co-workers in 1965.
 For Nd:YAG laser set beam combination had been realized by means of SBS phase conjugating mirror. 
The coherent addition was demonstrated in power scaling of Raman lasers.

Transverse mode
A transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of the radiation in the plane perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the radiation's propagation direction. Transverse modes occur in radio waves and microwaves confined to a waveguide, and also in light waves in an optical fiber and in a laser's optical resonator.

Transverse modes occur because of boundary conditions imposed on the wave by the waveguide. For example, a radio wave in a hollow metal waveguide must have zero tangential electric field amplitude at the walls of the waveguide, so the transverse pattern of the electric field of waves is restricted to those that fit between the walls. For this reason, the modes supported by a waveguide are quantized. The allowed modes can be found by solving Maxwell's equations for the boundary conditions of a given waveguide.
Urum al-Kubra
Urum al-Kubrah (Arabic: أورم الكبرى, also spelled Urem al-Kubra) is a town in western Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. With a population of 5,391 as per the 2004 census, it is the administrative center of Nahiya Urum al-Kubrah in Atarib District. Located southwest of Aleppo, nearby localities include Atarib to the west, Awayjil to the north, Kafr Naha to the east, al-Radwan to the south and Urum al-Sughra to the southwest.

Atarib
Atarib (Arabic: أتارب, romanized: ʾAtārib), also known as Atharib or Athareb, is a town in western Aleppo countryside, Aleppo Governorate, Syria. Located 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of the city of Aleppo and 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Reyhanlı in Turkish-administered Hatay Province, it is the regional center of Atarib District. In the 2004 census, the town of Atarib had a population of 10,657.
2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 26 to March 2, 2003 at La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. It was the fifth WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of four World Golf Championships events held in 2003.

Tiger Woods won his sixth World Golf Championships event, and his first ever match play victory, by defeating David Toms 2 and 1 in the 36 hole final.

WGC Match Play
The WGC Match Play, titled in later years as the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's golf tournament that had been held since 1999. It was the only one of the World Golf Championships to have been contested using the match play format. From 2016 until its final year in 2023, it was held at the Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas, United States.

Previous names include WGC-Dell Match Play (2015), WGC-Cadillac Match Play (2014), WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (2001–2013), and WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship (1999–2000). Before moving to Austin it had been hosted in Arizona eight times, California eight times, and Australia once. It is sanctioned and organized by the International Federation of PGA Tours and the prize money is official money on the PGA Tour, the European Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. Tiger Woods has the record number of wins with three. The winner receives a Wedgwood trophy named the Walter Hagen Cup.
NGC 2848
NGC 2848 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Hydra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 2,361 ± 23 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of  34.82 ± 2.46 Mpc (~114 million light-years). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 31 December 1785.

To date, 13 non-redshift measurements give a distance of 18.892 ± 6.377 Mpc (~61.6 million light-years), which is outside the Hubble distance values. Since this galaxy is relatively close to the Local Group, it is likely that this value is closer to the true distance of NGC 2848. It is with the average value of independent measurements, when they exist, that the NASA/IPAC database calculates the diameter of a galaxy.

Intermediate spiral galaxy
An intermediate spiral galaxy is a galaxy that is in between the classifications of a barred spiral galaxy and an unbarred spiral galaxy. It is designated as SAB in the galaxy morphological classification system devised by Gerard de Vaucouleurs, and is also known as a weakly barred spiral galaxy. Subtypes are labeled as SAB0, SABa, SABb, or SABc, following a sequence analogous to the Hubble sequence for barred and unbarred spirals. The subtype (0, a, b, or c) is based on the relative prominence of the central bulge and how tightly wound the spiral arms are.
Equestrian at the 2007 SEA Games
The events of the Equestrian at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games the dressage and show jumping events were held at the Horseshoe Point, Pattaya, Chon Buri Province, Thailand and the eventing event was held at the Thai Polo Club, Pattaya, Chon Buri Province, Thailand

Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.
Nodamura virus
Nodamura virus (NoV) is a member of the family Nodaviridae, which was originally isolated from mosquitoes (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in Japan near the village of Nodamura in 1956. Other members of Nodaviridae are flock house virus (FHV) and black beetle virus (BBV). NoV has been found to multiply in several insect and tick species; however, these infected individuals seem to be asymptomatic. Nodamura virus is the only member of the genus Alphanodavirus that can infect insects, fish, and mammals.

Nodaviridae
Nodaviridae is a family of nonenveloped positive-strand RNA viruses. Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include: viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in fish. There are two genera in the family.
Scotty Mac
Scott Schnurr, best known by his ring name Scotty Mac, is a Canadian professional wrestler.  He is best known for working for Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling/Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling, as well as several independent promotions in Canada and the United States.

Scotty Mac is one of ECCW's most decorated wrestlers, having won multiple titles on many occasions. He is currently an owner of ECCW.

ECCW Championship
The ECCW Championship (formerly known as the NWA/ECCW  Heavyweight Championship) is the top singles championship in Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling. It was first established in 1996 in the then-independent ECCW, and its name was changed when ECCW joined the National Wrestling Alliance in 1998.
Concertación
The Concertación, officially the Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia (Spanish pronunciation: [konseɾtaˈsjon de paɾˈtiðos poɾ la ðemoˈkɾasja]; English: Concert of Parties for Democracy), was a coalition of center-left political parties in Chile, founded in 1988. Presidential candidates under its banner won every election from when military rule ended in 1990 until the conservative candidate Sebastián Piñera won the Chilean presidential election in 2010. In 2013 it was replaced by New Majority coalition.

During its time in office, the Concertación presided over a notable expansion of spending on social programs together with a steady reduction in poverty in Chile.

Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile, PCCh) is a communist party in Chile. It was founded in 1912 as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) and adopted its current name in 1922. The party established a youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC), in 1932.
Gmina Wierzchlas
Gmina Wierzchlas is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Wierzchlas, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Wieluń and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 119.2 square kilometres (46.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,651.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.
Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan
The Speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Milli Məclisinin Spikeri), also called Chairman of the National Assembly (Azerbaijani: Milli Məclisinin Sədri) is the Speaker of Azerbaijani Parliament. The current Speaker is Sahiba Gafarova. According to the amendments to the Azerbaijani Constitution of 1995 and 2016, the Speaker is the fourth in line of succession to presidency after the Vice President of Azerbaijan and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan, in that sequence.

Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
The prime minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Baş naziri) is the head of government of Azerbaijan.  The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 following the removal of Novruz Mammadov.

Due to the central role of the president in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the prime minister) are significantly influenced by the head of state (for example, it is the president who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government; the president may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the prime minister and other members of the Government, the president may also revoke any act of the Government).
Downtown Schenectady
Downtown Schenectady is the central business district for the city of Schenectady, New York. It originated in the 1820s with the moving of the commercial and industrial interests east from the original 17th and 18th century settlement, spurred on by the development of the Erie Canal. Home to the headquarters and major manufacturing plants of two large corporations, General Electric and American Locomotive Company, Downtown Schenectady catered to tens of thousands of workers in its heyday. Typical of the post-industrial Northeastern United States and Upstate New York in particular, Downtown Schenectady saw a decline in manufacturing and population starting in the 1970s. Recent construction and renovation has caused the downtown area to become an entertainment mecca for New York's Capital District anchored by Proctor's Theatre.

Schenectady City Hall
Schenectady City Hall is the seat of government of the city of Schenectady, New York, United States. Designed by McKim, Mead, and White, the building was constructed between 1931 and 1933. It is located on the block between Clinton, Franklin, Jay and Liberty streets. It is built in a revival of the Federal Style, the dominant style of American architecture from 1780 to 1830. Its most prominent features include the square clock tower, with its gold-leaf dome and weathervane, and the Ionic neoclassical portico.

The classically inspired architecture echoes the arched windows on the nearby post office, built two decades earlier. Both were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978; the post office was later listed separately as part of a statewide submission of post offices.
1948–49 Western Kentucky State Hilltoppers basketball team
The 1948–49 Western Kentucky State Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College (now known as Western Kentucky University) during the 1948-49 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and All-American guard John Oldham.  This was the inaugural season for the newly established Ohio Valley Conference and Western Kentucky won the conference championships, and appeared in the 1949 National Invitation Tournament.   During this period, the NIT was considered by many to be the premiere college basketball tournament, with the winner being recognized as the national champion.  Oldham and Center Bob Lavoy were named to the All-Conference team as well as the OVC All-Tournament team.  This was the first year that a widely distributed, national poll was published by the Associated Press, and Western Kentucky was ranked 3rd in the initial poll.

Western Kentucky University
Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a few decades earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro. The main campus sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.
Grove, Tasmania
Grove is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Huon Valley in the South-east region of Tasmania, Australia. The locality is 35 km southwest of Hobart and 7 km north-east of the town of Huonville. As a rural locality, there are no urban settlements in Grove. The 2016 census does not provide a population for the locality of Grove. It covers an area of approximately 30.8 km². The postcode for Grove is 7109.

The localities which adjoin Grove are Collinsvale, Crabtree, Mountain River, Lachlan, Longley, Lower Longley and Lucaston.

Lachlan, Tasmania
Lachlan is a rural residential locality in the local government area of Derwent Valley in the South-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census determined a population of 841 for the state suburb of Lachlan.
Chongqing Municipal People's Government
The Chongqing Municipal People's Government is the local administrative agency of Chongqing. It is officially elected by the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress and is formally responsible to the CMPC and its Standing Committee. The municipal government is headed by a mayor, currently Hu Henghua. Under the country's one-party system, the mayor is subordinate to the secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the municipal committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Chongqing. The CCP committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the municipality. The current secretary is Yuan Jiajun, a member of the CCP Politburo, who succeeded Chen Min'er on 8 December 2022.
Constitution type
Constitution type or body type can refer to a number of attempts to classify human body shapes:

Humours (Ayurveda)

Somatotype of William Herbert Sheldon

Paul Carus's character typology

Ernst Kretschmer's character typology

Elliot Abravanel's glandular metabolism typology

Sasang typology by Je-Ma Lee

Bertil Lundman's racial classification system

William Herbert Sheldon
William Herbert Sheldon, Jr. (November 19, 1898 – September 17, 1977)  was an American psychologist, numismatist, and eugenicist. He created the field of somatotype and constitutional psychology that correlate body types with temperament, illustrated by his controversial Ivy League nude posture photos.
Quảng Ninh province
Quảng Ninh (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kwâŋ nīŋ] ⓘ) is a province along the northeastern coast of Vietnam. It is about 153 km (95 mi) east of Hanoi, comprising four cities, two district-level towns and seven rural districts. The former provincial capital is Hạ Long. The province covers an area of 6,207.95 km2 (2,396.90 mi2) and, as of 2023, had a population of 1,413,452. Nearly 80% of the province is mountainous, with 90% of Vietnam's coal output extracted from the province. The province is also home to Hạ Long Bay, a World Heritage Site that has 1,969 islands, out of which 989 have been given names.

Quảng Ninh has a Human Development Index of 0.819 (very high), ranking second among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam.

Northeast (Vietnam)
Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" from Chinese: 東北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is the region to the north of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, bordering China. It is called Northeast to distinguish it from the Tây Bắc (Chinese: 西北; pinyin: Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider than Việt Bắc (Chinese: 越北联区; pinyin: Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions of Northern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are the Northwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes the Red River Delta.
Pastrana family
The Pastrana family is part of the Colombian aristocracy, with a strong legacy in journalism and political leadership in South America. Both Misael Pastrana Borrero and his son Andrés Pastrana Arango held the presidency of Colombia, beyond these two administrations, the family has been influential in national media, diplomacy, conservative political networks, and public life throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Their actual prominence has positioned the Pastranas as one of Colombia’s most recognized modern political dynasties in Colombia.

Andrés Pastrana Arango
Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) is a Colombian politician who was President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.