hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Wothers
Peter David Wothers, MBE, is a British chemist and author of several popular textbooks aimed at university students. He is a teaching fellow in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge and is a fellow of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.

International Chemistry Olympiad
The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual academic competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IChO was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968. The event has been held every year since then, with the exception of 1971. The delegations that attended the first events were mostly countries of the former Eastern bloc and it was not until 1980, the 12th annual International Chemistry Olympiad, that the event was held outside of the bloc in Austria.

Up to 4 students for each national team compete around July in both a theoretical and an experimental sections, with about half of the participants being awarded medals.
Peru, Indiana
Peru is a city in, and the county seat of, Miami County, Indiana, United States. It is 73 miles (117 km) north of Indianapolis. The population was 11,073 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous community in Miami County. Peru is located along the Wabash River and is part of the Kokomo-Peru Combined Statistical Area.

Residents of Peru usually pronounce the name of Peru like the name of the nation of Peru as it is commonly pronounced in American English. Elderly Hoosiers commonly use the archaic pronunciation of /ˈpiːru/ PEE-roo.

Miami people
The Miami (Miami–Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking the Miami–Illinois language, one of the Algonquian languages. Among the peoples known as the Great Lakes tribes, they occupied territory that is now identified as north-central Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. The Miami were historically made up of several prominent subgroups, including the Piankeshaw, Wea, Pepikokia, Kilatika, Mengakonkia, and Atchakangouen. In modern times, Miami is used more specifically to refer to the Atchakangouen. By 1846, most of the Miami had been forcefully displaced to Indian Territory (initially to what is now Kansas, and later to what is now part of Oklahoma). The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma are the federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The Miami Nation of Indiana, a nonprofit organization of self-identified descendants of Miamis who were exempted from removal, have unsuccessfully sought separate recognition.
Smile Jamaica Concert
The Smile Jamaica Concert was a reggae concert held on 5 December 1976 at the National Heroes Park in Kingston, Jamaica, aimed at countering political violence. Bob Marley had agreed to perform, but, two days before the concert, he was shot in his home. He recovered and, with The Wailers, played a 90-minute set for the 80,000 people in attendance.

Natty Dread
Natty Dread is the seventh album by Bob Marley and the Wailers, released in 1974. Previously Marley had recorded with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer as the Wailers, and this was his first record without them.

Natty Dread was most popularly received in the UK, where it peaked at No. 43 and sold in excess of 100,000 copies, making it a gold album. Over time it gained popularity in other parts of the world, and in 2003 it was ranked No. 181 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
Limpet Island
Limpet Island is the southernmost of the Léonie Islands, Antarctica, lying in the entrance to Ryder Bay, close off the southeast coast of Adelaide Island. The Léonie Islands were discovered and first roughly surveyed in 1909 by the Fourth French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot. Limpet Island was surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and so named by them because of the large number of limpet shells found there.

Léonie Islands
The Léonie Islands are a group of small islands lying in the entrance to Ryder Bay along the southeast side of Adelaide Island, Antarctica. The French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, discovered these islands and gave the name Léonie Island to the largest island in the group. The British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, extended the coverage of the name to the entire group.
Regulator Movement in North Carolina
The Regulator Movement in North Carolina, also known as the Regulator Insurrection, War of Regulation, and War of the Regulation, Regulator Revolution, was an uprising in Provincial North Carolina from 1766 to 1771 in which citizens took up arms against colonial officials whom they viewed as corrupt. Historians such as John Spencer Bassett argue that the Regulators did not wish to change the form or principle of their government, but simply wanted to make the colony's political process more equal. They wanted better economic conditions for everyone, instead of a system that heavily benefited the colonial officials and their network of plantation owners mainly near the coast. Bassett interprets the events of the late 1760s in Orange and surrounding counties as "...a peasants' rising, a popular upheaval."

Province of North Carolina
The Province of North Carolina, originally known as the Albemarle Settlements, was a proprietary colony and later royal colony of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776.(p. 80) It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the thirteen American colonies. The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of North Carolina, until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776.
Blakehurst
Blakehurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 18 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Georges River Council. It is part of the St George area.

Blakehurst is connected to Sylvania, in the Sutherland Shire, to the south, by Tom Uglys Bridge over the Georges River. Tom Uglys Point is the southernmost part. The eastern border runs along Kogarah Bay and the western border runs along Kyle Bay.

Hurstville
Hurstville is a suburb in Southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the Sydney CBD and is part of the St George area. Hurstville is the administrative centre of the local government area of the Georges River Council.

The suburb is predominantly Asian Australian in character, with 63% of the population of Asian origin, among the highest in the country. Sometimes described as "Sydney's Real Chinatown", an estimated 37% of residents are immigrants from mainland China.
SAE J2807
SAE J2807 is an SAE standard for determining the towing capacity of passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks. It was written to allow consumers to more accurately compare vehicles from different manufacturers. First released in 2008, it has been periodically updated, with the 2020 version being the most current.

SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.
Battle of Novara (1513)
The Battle of Novara (also known as the battle of Ariotta) was a battle of the War of the League of Cambrai fought on 6 June 1513, near Novara, in Northern Italy. A French attacking force was routed by allied Milanese–Swiss troops. As a consequence, France was forced to withdraw entirely from Italy.

Pike (weapon)
A pike is a long thrusting spear formerly used in European warfare from the Late Middle Ages and most of the early modern period, and wielded by foot soldiers deployed in pike square formation, until it was largely replaced by bayonet-equipped muskets. The pike was particularly well known as the primary weapon of Spanish tercios, Swiss mercenaries, German Landsknecht units and French sans-culottes. A similar weapon, the sarissa, had been used in antiquity by Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx infantry.
Yokaren Peace Memorial Museum
The Yokaren Peace Memorial Museum (予科練平和記念館, Yokaren Heiwa Kinenkan) opened in Ami, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, in 2010. The museum preserves and displays materials relating to the young Naval Aviator Preparatory Course trainees, Yokaren (予科練) for short, including photographs by Ken Domon. In the adjacent garden, the Yūshō-en (雄翔園), there is a monument to the approximately nineteen thousand Yokaren who died in the war, while the Yūshō-kan (雄翔館) stores and displays their last testaments and other personal effects.

Ami, Ibaraki
Ami (阿見町, Ami-machi) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 47,927 in 20,279 households and a population density of 671 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 28.3%. The total area of the town is 71.40 square kilometres (27.57 sq mi).
Dünfus
Dünfus is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kaisersesch.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Koke (footballer, born 1992)
Jorge Resurrección Merodio (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxorxe resureɣˈθjom meˈɾoðjo]; born 8 January 1992), known as Koke ([ˈkoke]), is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for and captains La Liga club Atlético Madrid.

He has spent the entirety of his career with Atlético Madrid since making his debut with the first team in 2009, playing a club record of over 700 competitive matches and winning the 2013–14 and 2020–21 La Liga, two Europa League titles and two UEFA Super Cup trophies, while he was also a Champions League runner-up in 2014 and 2016.

Koke won the 2013 European Championship with the Spain under-21 team. He also made his debut for the full side that year, and represented the country at three World Cups and two European Championships.

2011–12 UEFA Europa League
The 2011–12 UEFA Europa League was the third season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 41st edition overall including its predecessor, the UEFA Cup. It began on 30 June 2011 with the first legs of the first qualifying round, and ended on 9 May 2012 with the final held at Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one on each goal line – were used in all matches of the competition from the group stage.

Atlético Madrid won the title, defeating Athletic Bilbao 3–0 in an all-Spanish final. Porto were the defending champions, but they were beaten by Manchester City in the Round of 32.
Sergey Superata
Sergey Superata is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the 1980s. He won ten medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds (K-2 500 m: 1981, 1982; K-2 1000 m: 1981, 1982; K-4 10000 m: 1989), three silver (K-2 500 m: 1983, (K-4 1000 m: 1983, 1985) and two bronzes (K-2 500 m: 1985, 1986).

1983 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1983 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Tampere, Finland for the second time. The Finnish city had host the championships previously in 1973.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eighteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711
The Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711 (10 Ann. c. 21) or Patronage Act or the Veto Act is an act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The long title of the act is An Act to restore the Patrons to their ancient Rights of presenting Ministers to the Churches vacant in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland. Its purpose was to allow the noble and other Patrons in Scotland to gain control over the Church of Scotland parish churches again, having lost that custom in the Glorious Revolution.

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body. It generally meets each year and is chaired by a Moderator elected at the start of the Assembly.
2011 South American U-17 Championship
The 2011 South American Under-17 Football Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-17 Ecuador 2011) was the 14th U-17 tournament for national teams affiliated with CONMEBOL. It was held in Ecuador from 12 March to 9 April 2011.

This tournament gave four berths to the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup, which was held in Mexico, and also the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico. Brazil won their tenth title and their fourth in a row. They qualified to the aforementioned tournaments along with Uruguay, Argentina, and Ecuador.

South American U-17 Championship
The South American U-17 Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-17; Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano Sub-17), branded as CONMEBOL Sub 17, is a football competition held every two years for South American under-17 teams. The tournament was born in 1985 out of a need for a classification tournament for the newly created FIFA U-16 World Cup (now the FIFA U-17 World Cup). For the first three editions (1985, 1986, and 1988), the competition was limited to under-16 teams. Afterwards, the age limit was raised one year. The tournament is held every two years. Since the first edition, Brazil has been the dominant force of the tournament, winning a record thirteen times.
Stari Grad, Užice
Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град, pronounced [stâːriː ɡrâd], "Old Town") is a medieval fortress located on a high, steep cliff overlooking the city of Užice, in central Serbia. For centuries, it lay in ruins, but has been undergoing a major reconstruction project. The first phase, the restoration of the citadel (Upper Town), was completed and opened to visitors in late 2023, while work continues on other parts of the complex, such as the Water Tower.

The fortress is an example of typical medieval Serbian architecture. It is believed to have been built in the second half of the 14th century to control movement along nearby roads and the town of Užice itself. Stari Grad was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1983, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia. It is considered a major symbol of Užice and its long history.

Morava Valley
The Morava Valley (Serbian: Поморавље / Pomoravlje, pronounced [pɔmɔ̝̌raːvʎe̞]), is a general term which in its widest sense marks valleys of any of three Morava rivers in Serbia: the West Morava (West Morava Valley), the South Morava (South Morava Valley) and the Great Morava (Great Morava Valley). In the narrow sense, the term is applied only to the Great Morava Valley (Serbian: Велико Поморавље / Veliko Pomoravlje). The Serbian term follows the general manner of coining river valley names in Serbian using the prefix po- and suffix -je, meaning literally "(land) along the Morava". Morava valley lies in the central Balkans, at the crossroads which lead eastwards, towards the Black Sea and Asia Minor, and further south, down the Vardar River into the Aegean Sea.
Ledsham, West Yorkshire
Ledsham is a village and civil parish 4 miles (6 km) north of Castleford and 11 miles (18 km) east of Leeds in the county of West Yorkshire, England. The village is in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough and near to the A1(M) motorway. It had a population of 162 at the 2001 Census, increasing to 181 at the 2011 Census.

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
Khaṭvāṅga
A khaṭvāṅga (Sanskrit: खट्वाङ्ग) is a long, studded staff or club with a skull at the top. The weapon is found in the iconography of Tantric Hindu as well as Tibetian Vajrayana Buddhism. It is variously described as "a skull-topped club, a skull-mounted trident, or a trident staff on which three skulls are impaled".

Vamachara
Vāmācāra (Sanskrit: वामाचार, Sanskrit pronunciation: [ʋaːmaːtɕaːɽɐ]) is a tantric term meaning 'left-hand path' and is synonymous with the Sanskrit term vāmamārga. It is used to describe a particular mode of worship or sadhana (spiritual practice) that uses heterodox things to sublimate for spiritual growth.

These practices are often generally considered to be tantric in orientation. The converse term is dakṣiṇācāra "right-hand path", which is used to refer not only to orthodox sects but to modes of spirituality that engage in spiritual practices that accord with Vedic injunction and are generally agreeable to the status quo.

Left-handed and right-handed modes of practice may be evident in both orthodox and heterodox practices of Hinduism and are a matter of taste, culture, proclivity, initiation, sadhana and lineage (parampara).
Eyejot
Eyejot was one of the first video mail web applications. Introduced at DEMO 2007, Eyejot made it possible for its users to create, send and manage video mail. The Eyejot model is similar to other email systems in that it maintains its messages online and doesn't require any special client based software for access, just a web browser. At the time of its introduction Eyejot supported synchronization with iPods and Apple TV through iTunes. When the iPhone was introduced Eyejot quickly added native MP4 support enabling iPhone users to reach their video inbox through the platform's Safari browser.

Video email
Video email, also referred to as email video or video in email, refers to the embedding of videos directly into the body of an email, without the need to attach files or click on a hyperlink to play them. Although video email providers have existed since the early-to-mid 2000s, it has become an increasingly popular medium for email marketing in recent years due to technological advancements, and is used to boost engagement rates. Several companies use video email to showcase their brand identity, send out newsletters, and announce events, product lines or launches. Examples of video email providers include EyeMail Inc., TailoredMail, MailChimp, Biteable, BombBomb, and SalesMail.
Heroes Handicap Hurdle
The Heroes Handicap Hurdle is a Premier Handicap National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of about 2 miles and 7½ furlongs (2 miles 7 furlongs and 98 yards, or 4,716 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February.

The race was established in 1986, and it was originally run over 2 miles, 5 furlongs and 75 yards (4,293 metres). This was increased to its present length in 1993. The event's current title was introduced in 2008, prior to which it was known as the Sandown Handicap Hurdle. For much of its history the race was sponsored by Tote Bookmakers, and its title promoted such bets as the Tote Jackpot and the Tote Scoop6. Since 2020 it has been sponsored by Betway.

Sandown Park Racecourse
Sandown Park is a horse racing course and leisure venue in Esher, Surrey, England, located in the outer suburbs of London. It hosts 5 Grade One National Hunt races and one Group 1 flat race, the Eclipse Stakes. It regularly has horse racing during afternoons, evenings and on weekends, and also hosts many non-racing events such as trade shows, wedding fairs, toy fairs, car shows and auctions, property shows, concerts, and even some private events. It was requisitioned by the War Department from 1940 to 1945 for World War II.

The venue has hosted bands such as UB40, Madness, Girls Aloud, Spandau Ballet and Simply Red. The racecourse is close to Esher railway station, served by trains from London Waterloo. There is a secondary exit from Esher station which is open on race days, this exit leads directly into the racecourse and Lower Green, Esher.
Death and funeral of Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor
The funeral of Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, took place on 5 June 1972. Edward had been King of the United Kingdom from 20 January to 11 December 1936, reigning as Edward VIII before his abdication, and had lived in Paris at the time of his death. His funeral took place at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle after lying in state for three days and he was buried at the Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore. His widow, Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, was buried alongside him in 1986.

Ronnie Selby Wright
Ronald William Vernon Selby Wright CVO TD JP FRSE FSAScot (12 June 1908, Glasgow – 24 October 1995, Edinburgh) was a Church of Scotland minister. He became one of the best known Church of Scotland ministers of his generation and served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1972/73.
Great Plague of Marseille
The Great Plague of Marseille (French: peste de Marseille), also known as the Plague of Provence, was the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Western Europe.  Arriving in Marseille, France, in 1720, the disease killed over 100,000 people: 50,000 in the city during the next two years, out of a total population of 90,000 (more than 50% of the city's population) and another 50,000 to the north in surrounding provinces and towns.

While economic activity took only a few years to recover, as trade expanded to the West Indies and Latin America, it was not until 1765 that the population returned to its pre-1720 level.

Lazaretto
A lazaretto (/ˌlæzəˈrɛtoʊ/ LAZ-ə-RET-oh), sometimes lazaret or lazarette (/ˌlæzəˈrɛt/ LAZ-ə-RET), is a quarantine station for maritime travelers. Lazarets can be ships permanently at anchor, isolated islands, or mainland buildings.  In some lazarets, postal items were also disinfected, usually by fumigation. This practice was still being done as late as 1936, albeit in rare cases.