hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaspard Kollner
Gaspard Kollner was a fifteenth- or sixteenth-century gunsmith based in Vienna. He is credited with having discovered that by rifling, that is, adding spiral grooves to the insides of the smoothbore muskets then in use, it was possible to make the gun not only shoot straighter but that its effective range would also increase.

Some authorities, however, point out that Kollner's barrels had straight, parallel grooves and that it was Augustus Kotter, of Nuremberg, who introduced the spiral-grooved barrels, in 1520.

Gunsmith
A gunsmith is a person who repairs, modifies, designs, or builds guns. The occupation differs from an armorer, who usually replaces only worn parts in standard firearms. Gunsmiths do modifications and changes to a firearm that may require a very high level of craftsmanship, requiring the skills of a top-level machinist, a very skilled woodworker, and even an engineer. Gunsmiths perform factory-level repairs and renovations to restore well-used or deteriorated firearms to new condition. They may make alterations to adapt sporting guns to better fit the individual shooter that may require extensive modifications to the firearm's stocks and metal parts. Repairs and redesigns may require fabrication and fitting of unavailable parts and assemblies constructed by smiths themselves. Gunsmiths may also renew metal finishes or apply decorative carvings or engravings to guns. Many gun shops offer gunsmithing services on the premises.
Tomb of Ferdowsi
The Tomb of Ferdowsi (Persian: آرامگاه فردوسی, romanized: Ârâmgâh-e Ferdowsi) is a tomb complex composed of a white marble base, and a decorative edifice erected in honour of the Persian poet Ferdowsi located in Tus, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It was built in the early 1930s, and mainly uses elements of Achaemenid architecture to demonstrate Iran's rich culture and history. The construction of the mausoleum as well as its aesthetic design is a reflection of the cultural, and geo-political status of Iran at the time.

Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
Mirza Hasan Ashtiani (Persian: میرزا حسن آشتیانی), commonly known by the bestowed title Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (Persian: مستوفی‌الممالک, lit. 'Chancellor of the Realm'; 5 October 1871 – 10 August 1932) was an Iranian politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of Iran on six occasions from 1910 to 1927.
Raiders of Red Gap
Raiders of Red Gap is a 1943 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Joseph O'Donnell. The film stars Robert Livingston as the Lone Rider and Al St. John as his sidekick "Fuzzy Jones", with Myrna Dell, Ed Cassidy, Charles King and Kermit Maynard. The film was released on September 30, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

This is the seventeenth and last movie in the Lone Rider series, and the sixth starring Robert Livingston. The first eleven movies star George Houston.

After this film, Livingston returned to Republic Pictures to replace Eddie Dew in the "John Paul Revere" series, starting with Pride of the Plains. PRC dropped the "Lone Rider" series, but continued two other series: the "Billy the Kid" films and the "Texas Rangers" series.

Billy the Kid (film series)
The Billy the Kid series of 42 Western films was produced between 1940 and 1946, and released by Poverty Row studio Producers Releasing Corporation.

The initial six star Bob Steele as Billy the Kid who left PRC to return to Republic Pictures.  The next thirteen star Buster Crabbe as Billy the Kid, and the following 23 feature Crabbe as the same character, renamed "Billy Carson".  All 42 films in the series are directed by Sam Newfield, "America's most prolific sound film director", sometimes under pseudonyms.  All films feature Al St. John as Billy's sidekick "Fuzzy" Jones; St. John also played the same character as the sidekick in the Lone Rider series from 1941–1943. Carleton Young also played Billy's friend Jeff Travis in the first five movies.

The films were shot in 10 or 12 days each, with an average cost of $25,000 a film.
History of Ferrari
Ferrari is an Italian company which has produced sports cars since 1947, but traces its roots back to 1929 when Enzo Ferrari formed the Scuderia Ferrari racing team.

In January 2016, Ferrari officially split off from its former parent company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.

Ferrari 250
The Ferrari 250 is a series of sports cars and grand tourers built by Ferrari from 1952 to 1964. The company's most successful early line, the 250 series includes many variants designed for road use or sports car racing. 250 series cars are characterised by their use of a 3.0 L (2,953 cc) Colombo V12 engine designed by Gioacchino Colombo. The 250 series designation refers to this engine's cylinder displacement of approximately 250 cc. They were replaced by the 275 and 330 series cars.
Conca della Campania
Conca della Campania (Campanian: Cónga Cambania) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Naples and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Caserta.

Conca della Campania borders the following municipalities: Galluccio, Marzano Appio, Mignano Monte Lungo, Presenzano, Roccamonfina, Tora e Piccilli.

Galluccio
Galluccio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Naples and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Caserta. It is at the feet of the southern slopes of Monte Camino.
Julio Londoño Paredes
Julio Londoño Paredes (born 10 July 1938) is a retired Colombian Army Lieutenant Colonel and diplomat. He has served as Colombia's Minister or Foreign Affairs, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the Organization of American States, and Ambassador of Colombia to Panama, and Cuba. During his Ambassadorship in Cuba he was commissioned to represent Colombia at the International Court of Justice to protect sovereign claims on the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina by Nicaragua.

Permanent Representative of Colombia to the Organization of American States
The Permanent Representative of Colombia to the OAS is the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Colombia to the Organization of American States.

The Permanent Representative is Chief of Mission of the delegation of Colombia, and highest representative of the Government of Colombia to the OAS charged with representing the interests of the President and Government of Colombia during all plenary meetings of the General Assembly and its subsidiary bodies. The officeholder however, is one of the high-ranking Colombian diplomat in the United States, the other two being the Ambassador of Colombia to the United States also in Washington, D.C., and the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations in New York City. The current Permanent Representative is Luis Ernesto Vargas.
Fort Meade Street Railway
The Fort Meade Street Railway was a railway in Florida, United States, chartered in January 1886 with a 99-year franchise. It opened on January 1, 1887, to connect the center of Fort Meade and the new Florida Southern Railway depot. The charter granted it the exclusive right-of-way in Fort Meade and exempted it from city taxes for ten years. The railroad had two miles of 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge track and owned two cars and two horses.

In 1904 the directors were Max Reif (President), M. M. Loadhollis (Vice-President), W. H. Francis (Secretary), L. B. Flood, E. O. Flood (Treasurer) and J. G. Carter (Manager). C. E. Roberts is shown as Vice-President in the 1907 Poor's Manual with the other officers being the same. The general offices were in Fort Meade.

Operations ceased in 1913.

Florida Southern Railway
The Florida Southern Railway was a railway that operated in Florida in the late 1800s.  It was one of Florida's three notable narrow gauge railways when it was built along with the South Florida Railway and the Orange Belt Railway.  The Florida Southern was originally chartered to run from Lake City south through central Florida to Charlotte Harbor.  However, with the influence of Henry B. Plant, it operated with two discontinuous segments that would be part of the Plant System, which would later become part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway.
Apache Calcite
Free and open-source software portal

Apache Calcite is an open source framework for building databases and data management systems. It includes a SQL parser, an API for building expressions in relational algebra, and a query planning engine.
As a framework, Calcite does not store its own data or metadata, but instead allows external data and metadata to be accessed by means of plug-ins.

Several other Apache projects use Calcite.
Hive uses Calcite for cost-based query optimization;
Drill and Kylin use Calcite for SQL parsing and optimization;
Samza and Storm use Calcite for streaming SQL.
As of August 2016, Apex, Phoenix and Flink have projects under development that use Calcite.

Apache Drill
Apache Drill is an open-source software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications for interactive analysis of large-scale datasets. Built chiefly by contributions from developers from MapR, Drill is inspired by Google's Dremel system. Drill is an Apache top-level project.

Drill supports a variety of NoSQL databases and file systems, including Alluxio, HBase, MongoDB, MapR-DB, HDFS, MapR-FS, Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storage, Google Cloud Storage, Swift, NAS and local files. A single query can join data from multiple datastores.

Drill's datastore-aware optimizer automatically restructures a query plan to leverage the datastore's internal processing capabilities. In addition, Drill supports data locality, if Drill and the datastore are on the same nodes.

Tom Shiran is the founder of the Apache Drill Project. It was designated an Apache Software Foundation top-level project in December 2016.
Jacqueline Boyer
Eliane Ducos (born 23 April 1941), known professionally as Jacqueline Boyer (French pronunciation: [ʒaklin bwaje]), is a French singer and actress. She is also the daughter of performers Jacques Pills and Lucienne Boyer.

In 1960, she won the Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Tom Pillibi", with music composed by André Popp and lyrics by Pierre Cour. The resulting single reached #33 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1960. At 18 years and 341 days of age at the time of her victory, Boyer was the first teenager to win the contest and the youngest until 1964. Following the death of Lys Assia in 2018, Boyer as of 2025, 65 years after her victory, is the longest surviving winning singer of the Eurovision Song Contest (although not the oldest by age).

Lys Assia
Rosa Mina Schärer (3 March 1924 – 24 March 2018), known by her stage name Lys Assia, was a Swiss singer who won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. Assia was born in Rupperswil, Aargau, and began her stage career as a dancer, but changed to singing in 1940 where she met her first musical success in 1950 with "O mein Papa".
Jalin
Jalin (Arabic: جلين, also spelled Jileen or Jillin) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located northwest of Daraa. Nearby localities include Muzayrib to the southeast, Tafas to the east, al-Shaykh Saad to the northeast, Adwan to the north, Tasil to the northwest and Saham al-Jawlan and Hit to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Jalin had a population of 4,337 in the 2004 census.

Muzayrib
Muzayrib (Arabic: مُزَيْرِيب, also spelled Mzerib, Mzeireb, Mzereeb, Mezereeb or al-Mezereeb) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located northwest of Daraa on the Jordan–Syria border. Nearby localities include al-Shaykh Saad and Nawa to the north, Da'el, Tafas and al-Shaykh Maskin to the northeast, and al-Yadudah to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Muzayrib had a population of 12,640 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the Muzayrib nahiyah (subdistrict) consisting of nine villages with a combined population of 72,625. Muzayrib also has a community of Palestinian refugees.
Duccio Galimberti
Tancredi Achille Giuseppe Olimpio "Duccio" Galimberti (30 April 1906 – 3 December 1944) was an Italian lawyer who became a committed anti-fascist and war-time partisan. He was an important figure – according to some sources the most important figure – in the Piedmontese anti-fascist resistance, and was a posthumous recipient both of the Gold Medal of Military Valor and of the Gold Medal of the Resistance. During the closing months of the war, he was proclaimed a national hero by the National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy.

Action Party (Italy)
The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.
Harpachne
Harpachne is a genus of Asian and African plants in the grass family.

Species

Harpachne bogdanii Kenn.-O'Byrne – Kenya

Harpachne harpachnoides (Hack.) B.S.Sun & S.Wang – China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

Harpachne schimperi A.Rich. – Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Harpachne schimperi
Harpachne schimperi is a species of grass in the true grass family (Poaceae), found from Ethiopia and Sudan south to Zambia. It grows in dense tufts up to 40 cm high, with oblong panicles 4–7.5 cm long and dense spikelets.
Hollerich
Hollerich (German pronunciation: [ˈhɔləʁɪç]; Luxembourgish: Hollerech, pronounced [ˈholəʀəɕ] ⓘ) is a district in south-western Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.

As of 31 December 2025, the district has a population of 7,751 inhabitants.

Hollerich railway station is located on CFL Line 70, which connects Luxembourg City to the south-west of the country.  Hollerich station is only 600 metres to the south-west of the country's main terminus, Luxembourg railway station, and just to the west of a major junction that separates traffic exiting Luxembourg station to the south. The urban park Parc Merl is located on its border with Belair.

Districts of Luxembourg City
Districts (French: quartiers; Luxembourgish: Quartierën) are the administrative divisions of Luxembourg City, the capital and largest city in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

There are currently 24 districts, covering the commune of Luxembourg City in its entirety.  They are:
William Wiggins House
The William Wiggins House, also known as the Dr. J. D. Nichols House, is a historic house in Benton, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built in the 1840s for William Wiggins, a justice of the peace. It was one of the few houses in the county built with bricks as opposed to timber at the time. It was owned by Dr. J. D. Nichols from 1905 to 1930. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 2, 1993.

Benton, Tennessee
Benton is a town in Polk County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 1,532 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Polk County.

Benton is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kogaionon
See Kogaionon ungureanui for the mammal from the Upper Cretaceous.

Kogaionon was the holy mountain of the Geto-Dacians, the place where Zalmoxis stayed in a cave for three years. After his disappearance into Kogaionon, he was considered dead by the Getae but after three years he resurrected and showed himself to the people, who became convinced by his holy preaching when he emerged from Kogaionon.

Strabo claims that a river with the same name flowed in the vicinity.

One modern translation of Kogaionon is "sacred mountain", which would be connected to a probable Dacian word kaga meaning "sacred", attested in two early 2nd century inscriptions from Tomis.

Kogaionon's location is still under debate, but it may be in the area around the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa Regia (there is a 2291m summit there called Gugu and there are speculations that it could be the holy mountain).

Sacred mountains
Sacred mountains are central to certain religions, and are usually the subjects of many legends. For many, the most symbolic aspect of a mountain is the peak because it is believed that it is closest to heaven or other religious realms. Many religions have traditions centered on sacred mountains, which either are or were considered holy (such as Mount Olympus in Greek mythology) or are related to famous events (like Mount Sinai in Judaism and descendant religions or Mount Kailash, Mount Meru in Hinduism). In some cases, the sacred mountain is purely mythical, like the Hara Berezaiti in Zoroastrianism. Mount Kailash is believed to be the abode of the deities Shiva and Parvati, and is considered sacred in four religions: Hinduism, Bon, Buddhism, and Jainism. Volcanoes, such as Mount Etna in Italy, were also considered sacred, Mount Etna being believed to have been the home of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and the forge.
Londonderry Area B
Londonderry Area B, called Derry Area B from 1984, was one of the five district electoral areas in Derry, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected five members to Londonderry City Council, and formed part of the Londonderry constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Altnagelvin, Caw, Clondermot, Ebrington and Victoria. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Waterside DEA.

Londonderry (Assembly constituency)
54°55′19″N 6°57′11″W﻿ / ﻿54.922°N 6.953°W﻿ / 54.922; -6.953

Londonderry was a constituency used for the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973.  Members were then elected from the constituency to the 1975 Constitutional Convention and the 1982 Assembly.  After the Assembly dissolved in 1986, the constituency was not used again, its area being represented by parts of East Londonderry, Foyle and Mid Ulster.

It usually shared boundaries with the Londonderry UK Parliament constituency, however the boundaries of the two constituencies were slightly different from 1983 to 1986 as the Assembly boundaries had not caught up with Parliamentary boundary changes.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency).
2019 FIBA U16 European Championship
The 2019 FIBA U16 European Championship was the 33rd edition of the Under-16 European Basketball Championship. The competition took place from 9 to 17 August 2019 in Udine, Italy. The top five teams qualified for the 2020 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup besides Bulgaria who automatically qualified as host.

The defending champions were Croatia.

FIBA U16 EuroBasket
The FIBA U16 EuroBasket, formerly the FIBA U16 European Championship, and originally the FIBA European Championship for Cadets is an annual men's youth basketball competition contested by the under-16 national teams from FIBA Europe.

The inaugural tournament was in 1971, and was held biennially until 2003. Since 2004, the competition has been played every year. The tournament serves as qualification for the FIBA Under-17 World Cup in odd numbered years. The current champions are Serbia.
System 1
The Macintosh "System 1" is the first major release of the classic Mac OS operating system. It was developed for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. System 1 was released on January 24, 1984, along with the Macintosh 128K, the first in the Macintosh family of personal computers. It received one update, "System 1.1" on December 29, 1984, before being succeeded by System 2.

Finder (software)
The Finder is the default file manager and graphical user interface shell used on all Macintosh operating systems. Described in its "About" window as "The Macintosh Desktop Experience", it is responsible for the launching of other applications, and for the overall user management of files, disks, and network volumes. It was introduced with the Macintosh 128K—the first Macintosh computer—and also exists as part of GS/OS on the Apple IIGS. It was rewritten completely with the release of Mac OS X in 2001.

In a tradition dating back to the Classic Mac OS of the 1980s and 1990s, the Finder icon is the smiling screen of a computer, known as the Happy Mac logo.
Tampico Mexico Temple
The Tampico Mexico Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The intent to build the temple was announced by the First Presidency on July 8, 1998. It is the seventh in Mexico and the church's 83rd operating temple worldwide. Located on a site locally known as "Cerro de Conejos" or "Rabbit Hill," the temple has a single spire with a statue of the angel Moroni on top, with the exterior being Blanco Guardiano white marble from Torreón, Mexico. The temple was designed by architect Alvaro Inigo and the church's architectural and engineering personnel. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on November 28, 1998, conducted by Eran A. Call, a General Authority Seventy and counselor in the Mexico South Area presidency. The temple was dedicated on May 20, 2000, by Thomas S. Monson, first counselor in the First Presidency.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
Wila Qullu (Pacajes)
Wila Qullu (Aymara, wila red, blood-red, qullu mountain, also spelled Wila Kkollu, Willa Kkollu) is a 4,658-metre-high (15,282 ft) mountain in the southern part of the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Pacajes Province, Waldo Ballivián Municipality. This is where the Ch'alla Jawira originates. Its waters flow to the Desaguadero River.

Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range
The Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range (also spelled Kimsachata, Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, Pukina chata mountain, "three mountains", Hispanicized spellings Quimsachata, Quimsa Chata) is situated in Bolivia south east of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern part of Lake Titicaca, in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province. The range is named after one of highest mountains, the Kimsa Chata complex rising up to 4,735 metres (15,535 ft) about 15 km south of  Tiwanaku.

The range stretches from north to south-east almost parallel to the Taraco range north of it. Wakira River flows through the valley between the two ranges and Jach'a Jawira flows along its southern slopes.
Annaji Datto Sachiv
Annaji Datto Sachiv was the Sachiv (Chief Secretary) in the Ashta Pradhan (Council of 8) mandal of the Maratha Empire during the rule of  Shivaji.

He was portrayed by Kiran Karmarkar in the 2025 Hindi film Chhaava.

Panhala
Panhala (Pronunciation: [pənʱaːɭa]) is a city and a Hill station Municipal Council (3177 feet above sea level) 18 km northwest of Kolhapur, in Kolhapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Panhala is the smallest city in Maharashtra and being a Municipal Council the city is developing rapidly. The city sprawls in the Panhala fort commands a panoramic view of the valley below. The main historical attraction here is the Panhala fort. There are many places of interest, each with its share of haunting anecdotes.