hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Markgröningen
Markgröningen (German pronunciation: [maʁkˈɡʁøːnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the district (Kreis) of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is known for its fine historic buildings, many in the Fachwerk German architectural style, and its annual Shepherds' Run. Markgröningen is on the Deutsche Fachwerkstraße (German Timber-Frame Road).

Ludwigsburg (district)
Landkreis Ludwigsburg is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Rems-Murr-Kreis, the district-free city Stuttgart, and the districts Böblingen and Enz-Kreis.
John Axouch
John Axouch or Axouchos (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ἀξούχ or Ἀξοῦχος, romanized: Iōánnēs Axoûchos,, (Turkish: Aksuh)(fl. 1087 – c. 1150), also transliterated as Axuch, was the commander-in-chief (megas domestikos) of the Byzantine army during the reign of Emperor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143), and during the early part of the reign of his son Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180). He may also have served as the de facto chief of the civil administration of the Byzantine Empire. He was a Turk by origin.

Grand domestic
The title of Grand domestic (Greek: μέγας δομέστικος, romanized: mégas doméstikos) was given in the 11th–15th centuries to the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army, directly below the Byzantine Emperor. It evolved from the earlier office of the domestic of the Schools, and came to rank as one of the senior dignities in the Byzantine state during the last centuries of its existence. From Byzantium, it was also adopted by the breakaway Empire of Trebizond, as well as by the 14th-century Serbian Empire.
Kobe Shimbun Hai
The Kobe Shimbun Hai (Japanese 神戸新聞杯) is a  Grade 2 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. It is run over a distance of 2400 metres at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo, in September, but was contested over 2000 metres until 2006.

The Kobe Shimbun Hai was first run in 1953 and was elevated to Grade 2 status in 1984. It serves as a trial race for the Kikuka Sho. Winners of the race have included Deep Impact, Zenno Rob Roy and Orfevre.

Kikuka-shō
The Kikuka-shō (菊花賞; pronounced Kikka-shō) is a  Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run over a distance of 3,000 metres (approximately 1+7⁄8 miles) at the Kyoto Racecourse, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture in October.

It was first run in 1938 and is the Japanese equivalent of the English St. Leger Stakes.
2013 CERH Women's Euro
The CERH Women's Euro 2013 or 2013 CERH Women's Championship was the 12th edition of the CERH European Women's Roller Hockey Championship, held between 17 and 21 December, in Mieres, Asturias, Spain.

The tournament was initially dated for 9 to 14 September, but was suspended as there were not at least five teams.

Rink Hockey European Championship Women
The WSE Rink Hockey European Championship Women, abbreviated WSE Euro Women, is the premier rink hockey competition for women's national teams in Europe. It was previously known as the Rink Hockey Female European Championship and the CERH European Women's Roller Hockey Championship, abbreviated CERH Women's Euro. The championship is organized by World Skate Europe Rink Hockey (formerly known as Comité Européen de Rink-Hockey, CERH) and was first contested in 1991. Tournaments are held every two years.
Magritte Award for Most Promising Actress
The Magritte Award for Most Promising Actress (French: Magritte du meilleur espoir féminin) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux. It is given in honor of a young actress who has delivered an outstanding breakthrough performance while working within the film industry. It is one of the Magritte Awards, which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements.

The 1st Magritte Awards ceremony was held in 2011 with Pauline Étienne receiving the award for her role in Private Lessons. As of the 2022 ceremony, Maya Vanderbeque is the most recent winner in this category for her role in Playground.

1st Magritte Awards
The 1st Magritte Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie André Delvaux, honored the best films of 2010 in Belgium and took place on 5 February 2011 at the Square in the historic site of Mont des Arts, Brussels, beginning at 7:30 p.m. CET. During the ceremony, the Académie André Delvaux presented Magritte Awards in twenty categories. The ceremony, televised in Belgium by BeTV, was produced by José Bouquiaux and directed by Vincent J. Gustin. Film director Jaco Van Dormael presided the ceremony, while actress Helena Noguerra hosted the evening. The pre-show ceremony was hosted by film director Fabrice Du Welz.

Mr. Nobody won six awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Jaco Van Dormael. Other winners included Illegal, Private Lessons, and A Town Called Panic with two awards each, and The Barons, The Boat Race, Looking for Eric, Paths of Memory, Sleepless Night, and Soeur Sourire with one.
Interface (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Interface" is the 155th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the third episode of the seventh season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Geordi La Forge uses an experimental interface to his VISOR to try to reach his missing mother, a Starfleet captain.

This episode is noted for introducing some of Geordi's family and also exploring man–machine interfaces.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
William Sutherland (Ontario politician)
William "Bill" Sutherland (1926/27 – June 11, 1998) was a municipal politician in Toronto, Canada.  He served on the North York City Council and the Metropolitan Toronto Council for several years, and challenged Mel Lastman for Mayor of North York in 1976.

Mel Lastman
Melvin Douglas Lastman (March 9, 1933 – December 11, 2021) was a Canadian businessman and politician who served as the third mayor of North York from 1973 to 1997 and the 62nd mayor of Toronto from 1998 to 2003. He was the first person to serve as the mayor of Toronto following the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its six constituent municipalities in 1998. Lastman is also known for having founded the Bad Boy Furniture chain.
Charles Cumberland (English cricketer)
Charles Cumberland (21 May 1764 – 12 May 1835) was an English cricketer of the late 18th and early 19th centuries who is known to have played in 26 important matches.

Cumberland's known cricket career spanned the 1787 to 1805 seasons. Though mostly associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and its predecessor the White Conduit Club, he also played for England, Hampshire, Kent, and Middlesex. Cumberland was an accomplished underarm bowler. In his career, he took 76 wickets in his 26 matches, twice achieving ten in a match.

Rest of England cricket teams
In English cricket since the first half of the 18th century, various ad hoc teams have been formed for short-term purposes which have been called England (i.e., in the sense of "the rest of England") to play against, say, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) or an individual county team. The key factor is that they were non-international and there is a significant difference between them and the official England cricket team which takes part in international fixtures. Conceptually, there is evidence of this sort of team being formed, or at least mooted, since the 1730s. They have always been "occasional elevens" but, nevertheless, have invariably been strong sides. A typical example would be a selection consisting of leading players drawn from several county teams.
Pycnora
Pycnora is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Pycnoraceae. The genus was established in 2001 by the Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner, who named it by combining references to its conspicuous black reproductive structures and its relationship to the lichen genus Lecanora. These wood-dwelling lichens form thin grey crusts on the smooth surfaces of dead wood in cool northern and mountain forests, where they colonise fallen tree trunks and branches that have lost their bark. The genus contains three species and is distinguished by its readily visible black fruiting bodies and the presence of alectorialic acid, a secondary metabolite not found in similar-looking lichens.

Cliostomum
Cliostomum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It has about 20 species. The genus was established in 1825 by Elias Magnus Fries, who characterized it by its rounded fruiting bodies that are integrated into the lichen's crust with distinctive folded or corrugated openings. These lichens form tight crusts on various surfaces, ranging in colour from whitish to pale grey or yellowish, and reproduce primarily through conspicuous flask-shaped structures that release spores rather than through sexual fruiting bodies.
Ebbaba Hameida
Ebbaba Hameida Hafed (Arabic: أبابة حميدة الحافظ; born 15 November 1992) is a Sahrawi-Spaniard journalist. She is currently a writer for Radio Televisión Española (RTVE), highlighting her work on migration and women's rights. She has been a member of the board of directors of the Spanish section of Reporters Without Borders since May 2020.

In March 2019, she was one of the spokespersons for the movement of women journalists, together with Carmen Sarmiento, Diana Aller and Rosa Alcázar, demanding professional journalism avoiding stereotypes and sexism and demanding extreme care when reporting on violence against women.

She was the first Sahrawi woman to earn a doctorate cum laude in Journalism.

Carmen Sarmiento
Carmen Sarmiento (born 30 August 1944) is a Spanish journalist and television presenter specializing in international and social issues especially relating to feminism and disadvantaged women. She was a pioneering woman in war journalism.
Mary Grey, Countess Grey
Mary Elizabeth Grey, Countess Grey (née Ponsonby; 4 March 1776 – 26 November 1861) was a British aristocrat and political hostess. She is notable for being the wife of the prime minister in the 1830s through her marriage to Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey.

Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
To date, forty-seven women and three men have been married to a British prime minister in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970–1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929–1935). The Duke of Grafton (1768–1770) and Boris Johnson (2019–2022) are the only prime ministers to have divorced and remarried while in office.

The current prime minister, Keir Starmer, has been married to Victoria Starmer since 2007.
Field marshal (Russia)
General-feldmarshal (Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал, from German: general-feldmarschall) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor and Active Privy Councillor, 1st class in civil service, and General Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the rank was abolished, alongside the Table of Ranks. In 1935 however, the Red Army introduced the equivalent rank of "Marshal of the Soviet Union" (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза) as the highest military rank of the Soviet Union, when ranks were restored under Stalin's rule.

Ranks and insignia of the Imperial Russian Armed Forces
The Ranks and insignia of the Imperial Russian Armed Forces were the military ranks used by the Imperial Russian Army and the Imperial Russian Navy. Many of the ranks were derived from the German model. The ranks were abolished following the Russian Revolution, with the Red Army adopting an entirely different system.
Illinois's congressional delegations
Since Illinois became a U.S. state in 1818, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and members of the House to two-year terms. Before becoming a state, the Illinois Territory elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1812 to 1818.

These are tables of congressional delegations from Illinois to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

Single-member district
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders.

In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the  lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament are elected from both single-member and multi-member districts.
Durs Egg
Durs Egg (1745–1822) was a Swiss-born British gunmaker, noted for his flintlock pistols and for his company's production of the Ferguson rifle.

Egg was apprenticed in Solothurn and Paris before establishing his own business in London in 1772. He was a contemporary of Joseph Manton, Jean Samuel Pauly, and the uncle of Joseph Egg.

Joseph Manton
Joseph Manton (6 April 1766 – 29 June 1835) was a British gunsmith. He innovated sport shooting, improved weapon quality and paved the way for the modern artillery shell. Manton was a sport shooter and a friend of Colonel Peter Hawker.
RTW Biotech Opportunities
RTW Biotech Opportunities is a large British investment trust focused on investments in the biotechnology industry. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

FTSE 250 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 250 Index, also called the FTSE 250 Index, FTSE 250, or, informally, the "Footsie 250" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index that consists of the 101st to the 350th mid-cap blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
(196256) 2003 EH1
(196256) 2003 EH1 is an asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Amor group. It was discovered on 6 March 2003, by astronomers of the LONEOS program at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. Peter Jenniskens (2003–2004) proposed that it is the parent body of the Quadrantid meteor shower. 2003 EH1 is likely an extinct comet and may even be related to the comet C/1490 Y1. 2003 EH1 came to perihelion on 12 March 2014.

C/1490 Y1
C/1490 Y1 is a comet that was recorded and observed across East Asia, particularly China and Korea, from December 1490 to February 1491. It is believed to be the parent body of the Quadrantids meteor shower.
William Winn
William David "Bill" Winn (1945–2006) was an American educational psychologist, and professor at the University of Washington College of Education, known for his work on how people learn from diagrams, and on how cognitive and constructivist theories of learning can help instructional designers select effective teaching strategies.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Baron Gerard
There have been three baronies created for the Gerard family who lived historically at Bryn, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Lancashire and Kingsley, Cheshire, in the 13th century. The third and current barony was created in 1876.

Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield
Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, PC (c. 1618 – 7 January 1694) was an English aristocrat, soldier and courtier. He fought as a Royalist during the English Civil War, before spending a period in exile under the Commonwealth. After returning to England upon the Stuart Restoration in 1660, he was made Earl of Macclesfield by Charles II in 1679. He later fell out of royal favour and was declared an outlaw, but after a second period on the continent, he returned to England in 1688 in the retinue of William of Orange. He received several offices under the crown, including serving as the last Lord President of Wales in 1689.
Bamboo chicken
Bamboo chicken (also bongu chicken or bongulo chicken) is a traditional chicken dish prepared by stuffing marinated chicken into hollow bamboo segments and roasting them over an open charcoal fire. Originating from the tribal communities of the Eastern Ghats, it has become a signature culinary attraction in Maredumilli and Araku Valley in the Alluri Sitharama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Chicken curry
Chicken curry or curry/curried chicken is a South Asian dish originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is common in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent, Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Great Britain, and South Africa. A typical curry from the Indian subcontinent consists of chicken stewed in an onion- and tomato-based sauce, flavoured with ginger, garlic, tomato puree, chilli peppers and a variety of spices, often including turmeric, cumin, coriander, cinnamon, and cardamom. Outside of South Asia, chicken curry is often made with a pre-made spice mixture known as curry powder.
Total set
In functional analysis, a total set (also called a complete set) in a vector space is a set of linear functionals  with the property that if a vector  satisfies  for all  then  is the zero vector.

In a more general setting, a subset  of a topological vector space  is a total set or fundamental set if the linear span of  is dense in

Linear span
In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set  of elements of a vector space  is the smallest linear subspace of  that contains  It is the set of all finite linear combinations of the elements of S, and the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain  It is often denoted span(S) or

For example, in geometry, two linearly independent vectors span a plane.

To express that a vector space V is a linear span of a subset S, one commonly uses one of the following phrases: S spans V; S is a spanning set of V; V is spanned or generated by S;  S is a generator set or a generating set of V.

Spans can be generalized to many mathematical structures, in which case, the smallest substructure containing  is generally called the substructure generated by
NXT TakeOver: Toronto (2016)
The 2016 NXT TakeOver: Toronto was the 12th NXT TakeOver and inaugural TakeOver: Toronto professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network and took place on November 19, 2016, at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada as part of that year's Survivor Series weekend. It was the second NXT TakeOver held outside of the United States, after TakeOver: London in December 2015.

Five matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Samoa Joe defeated Shinsuke Nakamura to win the NXT Championship and became the first man to hold the title twice. It was also Mickie James's return to WWE for one night only in NXT.

Professional wrestling holds
Professional wrestling holds include a number of set moves and pins used by performers to immobilize their opponents or lead to a submission. This article covers the various pins, stretches and transition holds used in the ring. Some wrestlers use these holds as their finishing maneuvers, often nicknaming them to reflect their character or persona. Moves are listed under general categories whenever possible.
Phonological history of Old Irish
Old Irish was affected by a series of phonological changes that radically altered its appearance compared with Proto-Celtic and older Celtic languages (such as Gaulish, which still had the appearance of typical early Indo-European languages such as Latin or Ancient Greek). The changes occurred at a fairly rapid pace between 350 and 550 CE.

Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (/ɪˈpɛnθəsɪs, ɛ-/; Greek ἐπένθεσις) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the first syllable (prothesis), the last syllable (paragoge), or between two syllabic sounds in a word. The opposite process in which one or more sounds are removed is referred to as syncope or elision.
Boginja Vas
Boginja Vas (pronounced [bɔˈɡiːnja ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Boginja vas) is a small settlement south of Gradac in the Municipality of Metlika in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The entire area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Gradac, Metlika
Gradac (pronounced [ˈɡɾaːdats]; German: Gradaz) is a village in the Municipality of Metlika in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia on the Lahinja River. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. The village is best known for well-preserved Gradac Castle.
New Mexico State Road 434
New Mexico State Road 434 (NM 434) is a 36.843-mile-long (59.293 km) state highway in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The route travels through Colfax, and Mora Counties, and through the communities of Angel Fire, Black Lake, Guadalupita and Mora. The southern terminus is at NM 518 in Mora, and the northern terminus is at U.S. Route 64 (US 64) in Angel Fire by the Angel Fire Airport. It includes a dangerous curve that concerns area residents and has prompted a wrongful death suit. Coyote Creek State Park is located on State Road 434 just north of Guadalupita.

U.S. Route 64 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is a U.S. Numbered Highway that runs from the Four Corners area in Arizona to the east coast of North Carolina. In Arizona, the highway starts at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) heading southeast for 4.5 miles (7.2 km) before entering New Mexico near the town of Beclabito. Through New Mexico the highway passes through Shiprock, Bloomfield, Tierra Amarilla and Taos, sharing a short concurrency with I-25 near Raton, before heading east through Clayton to the Oklahoma state line.