hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jesús Cora y Lira
Jesús de Cora y Lira, 1st Count of Cora y Lira (1890–1969) was a Spanish soldier and a Carlist politician. In the navy juridical arm he rose to general auditor, a rank equivalent to counter-admiral. He is known mostly as political leader of Carloctavismo, a branch of Carlism which during early Francoism advocated a claim to the Spanish throne raised by Carlos Pio Habsburgo-Lorena y Borbón.

Archduke Franz Josef of Austria, Prince of Tuscany
Archduke Franz Josef of Austria–Tuscany (German: Franz Josef Karl Leopold Blanka Adelgunde Ignatius Raphael Michael von Habsburg-Lothringen, Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Toskana; 4 February 1905 – 9 May 1975) was the fourth son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and Princess Blanca of Bourbon. At the fall of Habsburg monarchy he moved to Barcelona, where he became a naturalized Spanish citizen. He married morganatically twice and had a daughter from his second marriage. During World War II he lived in the United States, working in the forestry industry. In 1955 he returned to Austria. He inherited the Carlist pretensions to the Spanish throne of his brother Archduke Karl Pius and called himself Duke of Madrid. He died in 1975.
Nanak Wara
Nanak Wara (Urdu: نانک واڑہ), originally laid out as the Jail Quarter, is a neighbourhood in central Karachi, Pakistan. The neighbourhood is part of the wider Saddar Town borough, and is located north of M.A. Jinnah Road. It is situated between Jodia Bazaar and Mithadar on the east, and Gazdarabad on the west. To the south is the Serai Quarter and Aram Bagh.

Mithadar
Mithadar (Urdu: میٹھادر) is one of the neighbourhoods of Saddar Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, and comprises the oldest part of Karachi that was once encircled by a wall. Mithadar and the adjacent community of Kharadar together form what is regarded as the original core of Karachi.
Arthur River (New Zealand)
The Arthur River (Māori: Te Awa-o-Hine) is a river in Fiordland, New Zealand. It flows into Milford Sound and the final section of the Milford Track follows the river. It flows through Lake Ada, where it is joined by Joes River, and is about 20 km (12 mi) long.

Lake Ada was dammed by a landslide about 900 years ago.

Pāteke lived on the river until the mid-1990s, when stoats spread to the valley. Stoat control, to protect whio, began in 2003 and was extended to the Joes River valley in 2005. Pāteke were reintroduced from a captive breeding stock in 2009, with further releases in 2010 and 2011.

Milford Sound
Milford Sound (Māori: Piopiotahi, officially gazetted as Milford Sound / Piopiotahi) is a fiord in the south west of New Zealand's South Island within Fiordland National Park, Piopiotahi (Milford Sound) Marine Reserve, and the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage site. It has been judged the world's top travel destination in an international survey (the 2008 Travelers' Choice Destinations Awards by TripAdvisor) and is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. Rudyard Kipling called it the eighth Wonder of the World. The fiord is most commonly accessed via road (State Highway 94) by tour coach, with the road terminating at a small village also called Milford Sound.
Saganaki cheese
Saganaki cheese (Turkish: saganaki peyniri) is a Greek and Turkish cheese made of sheep's milk, cow's milk, goat's milk, or a combination, and used to prepare saganaki. Some saganaki cheese is similar to the basket cheese made in Aegean Turkey.

It is sometimes flavored with thyme, walnut, mastic, red pepper, cinnamon, black seed, black pepper, or olive oil. It can be smoked.

Sheep milk
Sheep milk is the milk of domestic sheep. It is commonly used to make cultured dairy products, such as cheese. Some of the most popular sheep cheeses include feta (Greece), pecorino romano (Italy), Roquefort (France) and Manchego (Spain).
Natalio Perinetti
Natalio Perinetti (28 December 1900 – 24 May 1985) was an Argentine footballer that spent most of his career in Racing Club, playing for 17 years and winning 12 titles with the club. A skilled  right winger, Perinetti is regarded as one of the greatest idols of the club, being a key player of the team that earned the nickname Academia in the 1910s.

1929 South American Championship
The twelfth edition of the South American Championship was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 to 17 November 1929. The 1928 edition was postponed due to the participation of Chile, Uruguay and Argentina in the 1928 Summer Olympics held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, where Uruguay and Argentina won gold and silver respectively.

The participating countries were Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, while Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile withdrew from the tournament.

Argentina won its fourth continental title.
Electoral district of Randwick
Randwick was an Australian electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created with the abolition of multi-member constituencies in 1894 from part of Paddington, along with Waverley and Woollahra. It was named after and including the Sydney suburb of Randwick. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Eastern Suburbs. Randwick was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1971 and partly replaced by Waverley.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Diaphana minuta
Diaphana minuta is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Diaphanidae.

The species is found in Europe and North America, with a circumpolar distribution. It can be found in the intertidal zone.

Diaphanidae
Diaphanidae is a family of small marine gastropod mollusks belonging to the order Cephalaspidea, commonly known as headshield slugs and bubble snails. This family is characterized by its members’ delicate, often translucent shells and their adaptation to a variety of marine environments.
Dr. Hari Singh Gour University
Dr. Hari Singh Gour University (DHGV), formerly University of Saugar and more popularly known as Sagar University or University of Saugar, is a central university in the city of Sagar, the state of Madhya Pradesh or (MP), India. It is one of the oldest university in Madhya Pradesh.The university offers multidisciplinary academic programs at undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral levels through its 11 schools. Undergraduate and postgraduate admission in university is granted via national-level entrance examination conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) annually.

Central university (India)
Central universities in India are public universities established by an Act of Parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education, except for nine universities which are under the purview of other ministries. In general, universities in India are recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956. In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination. Central universities, in addition, are covered by the Central Universities Act, 2009, which regulates their purpose, powers, governance etc., and established 12 new universities.
As of June 2023, the list of central universities published by the UGC includes 56 central universities.
Allemagne-en-Provence
Allemagne-en-Provence (French pronunciation: [almaɲ ɑ̃ pʁɔvɑ̃s], literally Germany in Provence; Occitan: Alemanha, before 1953: Allemagne) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Unlike the other French town called Allemagne, which changed its name to Fleury-sur-Orne in 1916 during World War I, Allemagne-en-Provence has kept its name.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Beigong Town
Beigong Town (Chinese: 北宫镇; pinyin: Běigōng Zhèn), formerly Changxindian Town, is a town within the Fengtai District of Beijing, China. It borders Yongding Township and Gucheng Subdistrict to the north, Lugu and Wanping Subdistricts to the east, Changyang Town to the south, Yungang Subdistrict and Wangzuo Town to the west, and contains Changxindian Subdistrict within it. Its population was 44,358 as of the year 2020.

The Town was named Beigong (Chinese: 北宫; lit. 'North Palace') after the Beigong National Forest Park within the region.

Changxindian Subdistrict
Changxindian Subdistrict (Chinese: 长辛店街道; pinyin: Chángxīndiàn Jiēdào) is a subdistrict located on the west of Fengtai District, Beijing, China. It borders Lugouqiao Subdistrict to the northeast, Changyang Town to the southeast, and is enclosed by Changxindian Town around it. The subdistrict has a 2020 census population of 85646.

Changxindian (Chinese: 长辛店; lit. 'Long Pungent Shop'), the current name of the subdistrict, comes from two villages that existed in the region during Ming dynasty: Changdian and Xindian. They were merged into Changxindian during the later Qing dynasty.
Spelling Challenges and More!
Spelling Challenges and More! is a puzzle video game developed by Supersonic Software and published by Crave Entertainment for the Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable. In this game, the player must complete multiple different spelling challenges by using the unique features on the Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable. This game was released in Europe on the Nintendo DS under the name 'Spellbound'.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Secretariat of Culture (Argentina)
The Secretariat of Culture (Spanish: Secretaría de Cultura, formerly Ministry of Culture) of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that oversaw the government's public policy on the culture of Argentina.

The culture portfolio was first established in 1973 during the presidency of Héctor Cámpora as part of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Culture and Education; the first minister responsible was Jorge Taiana. The ministry existed only briefly before being demoted to a Secretariat. It would remain under the scope of the broader Ministry of Education until 2014, when it was re-established by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

After president Javier Milei dissolved the Ministry of Culture in December 2023, it turned into a secretariat.

Ministries of the Argentine Republic
The ministries of Argentina, which form the cabinet, currently consist of eight ministries under a ministerial chief of staff. The ministers are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the president. The current organization derives from the constitutional revision of 1994.
Thylacodes natalensis
Thylacodes natalensis, common name the solitary worm shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells. The species was previously known as Serpulorbis natalensis.

Vermetidae
The Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of species in the family Vermetidae are extremely irregular, and do not resemble the average snail shell, hence the common name "worm shells" or "worm snails".

These snails usually grow cemented onto a hard surface, or cemented together in colonies.
Williams–Ligon House
Williams–Ligon House, also known as Cedar Rock Plantation and Magnolia Estates, is a historic home and farm complex located Easley, Pickens County, South Carolina.  The house was built in 1895, and is a two-story, frame I-house with a one-story rear addition.  It features Folk Victorian decorative elements including spindle work and turned porch posts and balusters and brackets.  Also on the property are a contributing barn that was the original Williams house (c. 1875), a smokehouse, and several mid-20th century barns and farm buildings.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Easley, South Carolina
Easley is a city in Pickens County (with parts extending into Anderson County) in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Most of the city lies in Pickens County, with a small portion of the city in Anderson County. As of the 2020 census, Easley had a population of 22,921.

In 2001, Easley hosted the Big League World Series for the first time, and continued to host the tournament annually until it was disbanded in 2016. In 2017, the Senior League World Series moved to Easley as the host for the annual tournament. The Upper South Carolina State Fair is located in Easley and is held annually in early September.
LR-5182
LR-5182 is a stimulant drug which acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, structurally related to the better known drug fencamfamine. It was developed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly in the 1970s, and researched for potential use as an antidepressant, although never marketed. LR-5182 has two stereoisomers, both of which are active, although one isomer blocks reuptake of only dopamine and noradrenaline, while the other blocks reuptake of serotonin as well.

While LR-5182 itself never proceeded beyond initial animal studies, discovery of monoamine reuptake inhibition activity and stimulant effects in drugs of this type has subsequently led to the development of many other stimulant drugs of related chemical structure, primarily developed as potential antidepressants, or as substitute drugs for the treatment of cocaine abuse.

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT).

NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion.

A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA).
Confidences
Confidences is a 2010 French language album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine. It includes the single, "Décembre". It was released in Canada on September 4, 2012 with re-ordered track list, some song substitutions, and alternate versions of "D'Amérique" (new musical arrangements and lyrics adapted for Canadians) and "Libre" (new musical arrangements).

A Special Edition was also released in Canada on the same day, restoring 2 of the dropped tracks from the European edition ("Ma blonde" and "Danser sous la lune") and adding a radio version of "Le Chemin" (previously released on the European "Best Of" album) and the new track "Chuis pas un rocker".

Best Of (Roch Voisine album)
Best of is a 2007 album of Canadian singer Roch Voisine. It is a double album containing a collection of his best hits (in French and English) from the start of his career until 2007. It was released in 2 versions:

Canadian Version: 2 CDs (containing 2 new  releases) and 2 Bonus songs

European Version: 2 CDs (containing 2 new  releases) and 2 Bonus songs
Michael Daniels
Dr Michael Daniels (born 1950) is a British transpersonal psychologist and parapsychologist. A Chartered Psychologist and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society, he was formerly a senior lecturer in Psychology at Liverpool John Moores University and Editor of Transpersonal Psychology Review (The Journal of the British Psychological Society Transpersonal Psychology Section).

Daniels studied psychology at the University of Leeds, where he obtained a BSc (Hons, 1st Class) Psychology (1974), and PhD Psychology (1981). His doctoral dissertation examined the relationship of mental disorder and personality to Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization and Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Daniels also trained and practiced for six years as an Honorary Psychotherapist (psychodynamic) within the British National Health Service.

Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow (/ˈmæzloʊ/ MAZ-loh; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

Maslow was a psychology professor at Cornell University, Brooklyn College, Brandeis University, The New School for Social Research, and Columbia University. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms". A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Maslow as the tenth most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Lao Human Rights Council
The Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. (LHRC) is a non-profit, non-partisan, non-governmental (NGO) refugee and human rights organization. It is based nationally, and internationally, with chapters in Colorado, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. researches, and provides information and education regarding the plight of Laotian and Hmong people, and refugees persecuted in Laos, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Thailand.
It was founded by Dr. Pozbeb Vang, Vang Pobzeb of Greenbay Wisconsin.
The Lao Human Rights Council, Inc. is currently headed by Vaughn Vang, an educator, and former political refugee from the Royal Kingdom of Laos, who is a Hmong-American—and who was born, and grew up, in Laos prior to the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and Marxist takeover in 1975.

North Vietnamese invasion of Laos
North Vietnam supported the Pathet Lao to fight against the Kingdom of Laos between 1958 and 1959. Control over Laos allowed for the eventual construction of the Ho Chi Minh trail that would serve as the main supply route for enhanced NLF (the National Liberation Front, the Viet Cong) and NVA (North Vietnamese Army) activities in South Vietnam. As such, the support for Pathet Lao to fight against the Kingdom of Laos by North Vietnam would prove decisive in the eventual communist victory over South Vietnam in 1975 as the South Vietnamese and American forces could have prevented any NVA and NLF deployment and resupply if these only happened over the 17th Parallel, also known as the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), a narrow strip of land between North and South Vietnam that was closely guarded by both sides. It also helped the Pathet Lao win against the Kingdom of Laos, even though the Kingdom of Laos had American support.
Thomas Streicher
Thomas Streicher (11 February 1958 – 2 January 2025) was an Austrian mathematician who was a Professor of Mathematics at Technische Universität Darmstadt. He received his PhD in 1988 from the University of Passau with advisor Manfred Broy.

Intuitionistic type theory
Intuitionistic type theory (also known as constructive type theory, or Martin-Löf type theory (MLTT)) is a type theory and an alternative foundation of mathematics.
Intuitionistic type theory was created by Per Martin-Löf, a Swedish mathematician and philosopher, who first published it in 1972. There are multiple versions of the type theory: Martin-Löf proposed both intensional and extensional variants of the theory and early impredicative versions, shown to be inconsistent by Girard's paradox, gave way to predicative versions. However, all versions keep the core design of constructive logic using dependent types.
Northwich Motive Power Depot
Northwich Motive Power Depot was a traction maintenance depot located in Northwich, Cheshire, England. The depot was situated on the Mid-Cheshire line and was located immediately to the southeast of Northwich station.

The depot code was latterly NW.

Mid-Cheshire line
The Mid-Cheshire line is a railway line in the north-west of England that runs from Chester to Edgeley Junction in Stockport; it connects Chester with Manchester Piccadilly, via Knutsford. After Chester Northgate closed in 1969, the section between Mickle Trafford Junction and Chester was used for freight trains only until it closed in 1992; from Mickle Trafford, passenger trains use the Chester–Warrington line to Chester General instead. The route taken by passenger trains has changed over the years and now differs considerably from the original. Between 2001 and 2014, passenger journeys on the line increased to over 1.7 million per year. A near doubling of the passenger service was expected to occur from December 2018, however this did not materialise.
Nexus degree
A nexus degree is an undergraduate degree awarded in Georgia, United States, after a course of post-secondary study. It is a level of qualification with hour requirements comparable to an associate degree. However, it incorporates an internship or apprenticeship requirement as well as a number of upper-division specialization courses that are more typical for a bachelor's degree or master's degree. The nexus degree can serve as a first degree or a professional degree depending on the context.

The nexus degree was introduced in the state of Georgia in 2020. It is the first new accredited degree type introduced in the United States since associate degrees were first awarded in 1898. It was designed to create more flexibility in higher education, compete with professional certifications and microcredentials, make career transitions easier, and offer more specialization for traditional students wanting to enter high-demand fields.

Professional certification
Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.