hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of geography
The history of geography includes many histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups. In more recent developments, geography has become a distinct academic discipline. 'Geography' derives from the Greek γεωγραφία – geographia, literally "Earth-writing", that is, description or writing about the Earth. The first person to use the word geography was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). However, there is evidence for recognizable practices of geography, such as cartography, prior to the use of the term.

Axum
Axum, also spelled Aksum (/ˈɑːksuːm/ ⓘ), is a town in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia with a population of 66,900 residents (as of 2015). It is the site of the historic capital of the Aksumite Empire.

Axum is located in the Central Zone of the Tigray Region, near the base of the Adwa mountains. It has an elevation of 2,131 metres (6,991 feet) and is surrounded by La'ilay Maychew, a separately administered woreda of the Tigray region.

In 1980, UNESCO added Axum's archaeological sites to its list of World Heritage Sites due to their historic value. Prior to the beginning of the Tigray War in 2020, Axum was a leading tourist destination for foreign visitors.
Aguaje Canyon
Aguaje Canyon is a canyon stream in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. Its mouth is located at an elevation of 5,351 feet (1,631 m). Its source is at an elevation of 5,445 feet (1,660 m) at 37°13′20″N 103°44′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.22222°N 103.73972°W﻿ / 37.22222; -103.73972. A spring, or aguaje, is found at its head from which flows as a tributary stream into the Chacuaco Creek at its canyon mouth in Chacuaco Canyon, which is a tributary of the Purgatoire River.

Purgatoire River
The Purgatoire River (Spanish: Rio de las Ánimas &
Río Purgatorio), also known as the Purgatory and Picketwire River, is in southeastern Colorado, United States. The river originates in the high mountains of the Culebra Range. Several tributaries merge near Weston in Las Animas County and the river flows east-northeastward  196 miles (315 km) to a confluence with the Arkansas River near Las Animas in Bent County, Colorado. The Purgatoire River drains an area of 3,449 square miles (8,930 km2), mostly in Colorado but a small percentage of the watershed is in New Mexico. The Purgatoire River watershed is lightly populated. Population has been declining since 1920 as former coal mining and agricultural communities have become ghost towns.
Owings, Maryland
Owings is a town center and much larger census-designated place (CDP) in northern Calvert County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,149 at the 2010 census, up from 1,325 in 2000. In 2025 the county proposed doubling the size of the town center.

Friendship, Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Friendship is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 447.

Friendship covers 1.794 square miles (2.887 km2), and is located at the southern tip of Anne Arundel County along Maryland Route 2, by which road it is 22 miles (35 km) north to Annapolis, the state capital, and 15 miles (24 km) south to Prince Frederick, the seat of Calvert County.
JSC Kuznetsov
JSC Kuznetsov (Russian: ПАО «Кузнецов») is one of the leading Russian producers of aircraft engines, liquid-propellant rocket engines as well as aeroderivative gas turbines and modular stations.

The current joint-stock company was established through the consolidation of several Samara-based aerospace engine companies, including JSC N.D. Kuznetsov SNTK, JSC Samara Design Bureau of Machine Building and JSC NPO Povolzhskiy AviTI.

Kuznetsov NK-8
The NK-8 was a low-bypass turbofan engine built by the Kuznetsov Design Bureau, in the 90 kN (20,000 lbf) thrust class.  It powered production models of the Ilyushin Il-62 and the Tupolev Tu-154A and B models.
Paoro
Paoro is a mythical entity that appears in early Māori creation myths.

The name Paoro (meaning echo) appears in John White's English translation of a Māori story attributed by him to the Ngāti Hau tribe, as a personal name meaning 'Echo'. However, in the Māori language original which White also supplies, the name Paoro does not appear – instead the word used is 'pari-kārangaranga', "echoing cliff".

In the Māori story, Mārikoriko (Twilight) is the first woman, created by Ārohirohi (Shimmering heat) from the heat of the sun (Kau-ata-ata) and the echoing cliff (Paoro).  She married Tiki, the first man, and gave birth to Hine-kau-ataata (Woman floating in shadows).

Mārikoriko
In a Māori legend attributed by ethnographer John White to the Ngāti Hau iwi (tribe), Mārikoriko (Twilight) is the first woman, created by Ārohirohi (Shimmering heat) from the heat of the sun and the echoing cliff. She married Tiki, the first man, and gave birth to Hine-kau-ataata (woman floating in shadows).
Nonprimary motor cortex
Nonprimary motor cortex is a functionally defined portion of the frontal lobe. It includes two subdivisions, the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Largely coincident with the cytoarchitecturally defined area 6 of Brodmann (human), it is located primarily in the rostral portion of the precentral gyrus and caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. It aids in cerebral control of movement. Anatomically speaking, several nonprimary areas exist, and make direct connections with the spinal cord.

Supplementary motor area
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the motor cortex of primates that contributes to the control of movement. It is located on the midline surface of the hemisphere just in front of (anterior to) the primary motor cortex leg representation. In monkeys, the SMA contains a rough map of the body. In humans, the body map is not apparent. Neurons in the SMA project directly to the spinal cord and may play a role in the direct control of movement. Possible functions attributed to the SMA include the postural stabilization of the body, the coordination of both sides of the body such as during bimanual action, the control of movements that are internally generated rather than triggered by sensory events, and the control of sequences of movements. All of these proposed functions remain hypotheses. The precise role or roles of the SMA is not yet known.

For the discovery of the SMA and its relationship to other motor cortical areas, see the main article on the motor cortex.
Swiftsure (1811 brig)
Swiftsure was built in 1811 in France as Inconstant. In 1813 British owners purchased her and renamed her. An American privateer captured her in 1814 but she was quickly recaptured. Swiftsure was wrecked off the coast of Queensland in 1831.

Note: This is not the Inconstant that carried Napoleon from exile on Elba to the Hundred Days. That was another brig Inconstant, of roughly the same size as Swiftsure, and also launched in 1811. However, the vessel that transported Napoleon belonged to the French Navy, and was broken up at Brest in 1843.

French brig Inconstant (1811)
Inconstant was a Sylphe-class brig, one of 32, launched in 1811 for the French Navy. In 1815, Napoleon used her to escape from exile on Elba. In the 1820s she took part in the war with Spain and later served on the Brazil station. She also served on the French Guiana station. She was broken up at Brest in December 1843.
The Wall Flower
The Wall Flower is a 1922 American silent romantic drama film directed by Rupert Hughes and starring Colleen Moore, Richard Dix, Gertrude Astor, Laura La Plante, and Tom Gallery. The film was released by Goldwyn Pictures in May 1922.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
2009 WNBA season
The 2009 WNBA season was the 13th season of the Women's National Basketball Association. It is the first WNBA season without a Houston franchise, the Comets having folded in December 2008. The season ended with the Phoenix Mercury winning their second championship in three years.

The regular season began with a televised (ABC) meeting between the defending champion Detroit Shock and the Los Angeles Sparks in Los Angeles on June 6. The Connecticut Sun hosted the 9th Annual All-Star Game which was broadcast live on ABC (HD) on July 25.

Detroit Shock
The Detroit Shock were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. They were the 2003, 2006, and 2008 WNBA champions.

Debuting in 1998, the Shock were one of the league's first expansion franchises. They were also the first WNBA expansion franchise to win a WNBA championship. The team was the sister team of the Detroit Pistons and from 2002 to 2009 was coached by Pistons legend Bill Laimbeer.

In October 2009, the Shock were relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma, to become the Tulsa Shock. Detroit team's roster, history, and nickname were retained. In July 2015, the Shock relocated to become the Dallas Wings.
Golspie High School
Golspie High School (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-sgoil Ghoillspidh) is a secondary school in Golspie, in Sutherland in the north of Scotland.

In 2023 there were 264 pupils on the school roll. Pupils are from a catchment area that is particularly vast, stretching as far north as Kinbrace, as far south as the Mound and as far west as Rosehall.
Before the opening of Kinlochbervie High School in 1995, pupils attended Golspie as weekly boarders. Golspie High is part of the Golspie, Invergordon & Tain associated school group.

Golspie
Golspie (/ˈɡɒlspi/ GOL-spee, Scottish Gaelic: Goillspidh) is a village and parish in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland, which lies on the North Sea coast in the shadow of Ben Bhraggie. It has a population of around 1,350.
Essam Baheeg
Essam Baheeg (Egyptian Arabic: عصام بهيج; 26 February 1931 – 4 December 2008) was an Egyptian football manager and former footballer who played as a winger for Zamalek. He also played for the Egypt national team, and was a part of the team that won the 1959 Africa Cup of Nations, and scored the two winning goals for his country in the final. He was an iconic player in Egypt and one of the best of his generation. As a manager, Baheeg coached Zamalek for only one season, succeeding to win the Egyptian Premier League, Egypt Cup, Afro-Asian Club Championship and the Friendship International Cup.

1987 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The 1987 Afro-Asian Club Championship, was the 2nd Afro-Asian Club Championship competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the African Champions' Cup and the Asian Club Championship, it was the last time were contested over a single match; from 1988 until 1998 the competition was held in a two-legged tie format.

The match took place on 5 February 1988, in Cairo Stadium in Cairo, Egypt, between Zamalek, the 1986 African Cup of Champions Clubs winner, and Furukawa Electric (Now JEF United Ichihara), the 1986 Asian Club Championship winner.
Zamalek won the match 2–0 and became the first African team to win the championship.
Jayson Potroz
Jayson Potroz (born 26 November 1991) is a New Zealand rugby union player. He plays at fullback in the National Provincial Championship for Taranaki. He also plays for the New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby (MLR).

2023 Major League Rugby final
The 2023 Major League Rugby Championship Final was the fifth Major League Rugby (MLR) championship match, held at the conclusion of the 6th season of the rugby union club competition in North America. The match was played on July 8, 2023, at SeatGeek Stadium in Bridgeview, Illinois. It was the first MLR Final to be held in Illinois, and the first since the 2019 final to be held at a pre-determined venue. The match was won by the New England Free Jacks over the San Diego Legion by a score of 25-24, claiming their first MLR Championship.
NGC 502
NGC 502, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5034 or UGC 922, is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 113 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 25 September 1862 by German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest.
When the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies was published between 1962 and 1974, the identifications of NGC 502 and NGC 505 were reversed. In reality, NGC 502 is equal to MGC +01-04-041 and not MCG +01-04-043 as noted in the catalogue.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Post-anesthesia care unit
A post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and sometimes referred to as post-anesthesia recovery or PAR, or simply recovery, is a part of hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and other medical facilities. Patients who received general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or local anesthesia are transferred from the operating room suites to the recovery area. The patients are monitored typically by anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and other medical staff. Providers follow a standardized handoff to the medical PACU staff that includes, which medications were given in the operating room suites, how hemodynamics were during the procedures, and what is expected for their recovery. After initial assessment and stabilization, patients are monitored for any potential complications, until the patient is transferred back to their hospital rooms–or in the case of some outpatient surgeries, discharged to their responsible person (driver).

Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. They are involved in the administration of anesthesia in a majority of countries, with varying levels of autonomy, which may include some or all anesthesia services before, during, and after surgery. They are also concerned with patient advocacy, safety and professional development. In some localities, nurse anesthetists provide anesthesia to patients independently; in others they do so under the supervision of physicians. The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists was established in 1989 as a forum for developing standards of education, practice, and a code of ethics.
Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels
Joachim of Münsterberg (Czech: Jáchym z Minstrberka, German: Joachim von Münsterberg or Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels), also: Joachim of Poděbrady (German: Joachim von Podiebrad; Czech: Jáchym z Poděbrad, Polish: Joachim Podiebradowicz) (18 January 1503 – 27 December 1562), a member of the Podiebrad family, was Silesian duke of Münsterberg and Oels from 1536 to 1542. He also held the title of a Count of Kladsko (Kłodzko), though he never actually ruled the county. From 1545 to 1560 he was Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg.

County of Kladsko
The County of Kladsko (Czech: Kladské hrabství, German: Grafschaft Glatz, Polish: Hrabstwo kłodzkie) was a historical administrative unit within Bohemia as a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later in the Kingdom of Prussia with its capital at Kłodzko (Kladsko) on the Nysa river. The territory comprises the Kłodzko Land with the Kłodzko Valley in center within the Sudetes mountain range and roughly corresponds with the present-day Kłodzko County in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
Aurskog-Finstadbru SK
Aurskog-Finstadbru Sportsklubb is a Norwegian sports club from Aurskog-Høland, Akershus. It has sections for association football, handball, cycling, swimming, and Nordic skiing.

It was founded on 29 November 1903. The club's best known members are ski jumper Lasse Ottesen and speed skater Anette Tønsberg.

The men's football team plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. Its last stint in the Third Division came in 2009. Aurskog-Finstadbru had then been a mainstay at this tier for many years, after even contesting the Second Division in 1994.

In 2008 Kenneth Nysæther was a playing assistant coach, and in 2004 Gunnar Halle was a playing head coach.

Aurskog-Høland
Aurskog-Høland is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  It is part of the Romerike traditional region.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bjørkelangen.  The municipality of Rømskog, in Østfold county was merged into Aurskog-Høland on 1 January 2020.
Nikonov
Nikonov (Russian: Никонов) and Nikonova (Russian: Никонова) are masculine and feminine forms of a common Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Nikonov (1893–1937), a Soviet military leader

Gennadiy Nikonov (1950–2003), a Russian gun engineer

Pavel Nikonov (1930–2025), a Russian painter and graphic artist

Vadim Nikonov (b. 1948), a Soviet football player and coach

Vyacheslav Nikonov (b. 1956), a Russian political scientist

Yevgeny Nikonov (1920–1941), a Russian war hero

Angelina Nikonova (b. 1976), a Russian filmmaker, script writer and film producer

Elena Nikonova, a Russian pair skater

Matrona Nikonova (1881–1952), a canonized saint of the Russian Orthodox Church

Ry Nikonova (1942–2014), Russian artist, poet, and writer

Valentina Nikonova (b. 1952), a Soviet fencer

Yevgeniya Nikonova (b. 1970), a Russian basketball player

East Slavic name
East Slavic naming customs are the traditional way of identifying a person's given name, patronymic name, and family name in East Slavic cultures in Russia and some countries formerly part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

They are used commonly in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and to a lesser extent in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia.
BurNIng
Xu Zhilei (Chinese: 徐志雷), known by his in-game tag BurNIng (commonly written as Burning), is a Chinese professional gamer. He has played both Defense of the Ancients and Dota 2 professionally, and he is considered one of the best carry players in the history of Dota. In 2012, IceFrog, the developer of DotA and Dota 2, honored BurNIng by naming his signature hero Anti-Mage after him in the original Dota game. In September 2018, he founded a new team called "Team Aster".

The International (esports)
The International (TI) is an annual esports world championship for the five-on-five video game Dota 2. Produced by the game's developer Valve, it serves as the culminating event of the professional Dota 2 season and currently features 16 teams. The International was first held in Germany at the 2011 Gamescom to promote the game's release. It was then held in Seattle, where Valve is headquartered, until it began to be hosted internationally again starting with The International 2018 in Vancouver.

The tournament's prize pool has been crowdfunded via transactions within the game since 2013, with a quarter of all revenue from it directly going towards it. Internationals have the largest single-tournament prize pool of any esport event, with its largest reaching US$40 million in 2021. The most recent champion is Team Falcons, who won The International 2025, with OG, Team Spirit, and Team Liquid each having won two Internationals since its inception.
Desert Wine
Desert Wine (1980–2003) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his three-year-old season that included a runner-up finish in the Preakness Stakes and four stakes wins in California, including the Strub Stakes.

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Cinco Días con Nuestra Tierra
Feria Agrícola Educativa Cinco Días con Nuestra Tierra is a five-day agricultural fair held every year in the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. The event is organized by students, alumni, professors, and personnel, with the university collaborating on the institutional level and in other matters.  Hundreds of people attend the fair daily, the majority consisting of school excursions, environmentalist and agricultural clubs, elderly groups, churches and general public interested in learning about agriculture. Local agencies also participate, such as the Autoridad de Desperdicios Sólidos, Servicio de Extensión Agrícola and the Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture, among others.

Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture
The Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture (Spanish: Departamento de Agricultura) is one of the few Cabinet-level government agencies explicitly created by the Constitution of Puerto Rico as the Department of "Agriculture and Commerce", most of the commerce at the time of its enactment being agriculture-based. The DAC oversees rural development work and conservation and is headed by a cabinet secretary. The current secretary is Ramón González Beiró who was confirmed in May 2021.