hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system fatigue
Central nervous system fatigue, or central fatigue, is a form of fatigue that is associated with changes in the synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters within the central nervous system (CNS; including the brain and spinal cord) which affects exercise performance and muscle function and cannot be explained by peripheral factors that affect muscle function. In healthy individuals, central fatigue can occur from prolonged exercise and is associated with neurochemical changes in the brain, involving (but not limited to) serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine. The roles of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in CNS fatigue are unclear, as pharmacological manipulation of these systems has yielded mixed results. Central fatigue plays an important role in endurance sports and also highlights the importance of proper nutrition in endurance athletes.

Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized athletic organizations. This usage is often referred to as doping. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance.
Difluoromescaline
Difluoromescaline (DFM), also known as 4-difluoromethoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is a difluorinated derivative of mescaline. The drug's dose range is 50 to 100 mg orally and its duration is 12 to 18 hours. It is about 3- or 4-fold more potent than mescaline and has a longer duration in comparison. The drug is said to produce strong psychedelic effects. Difluoromescaline interacts with serotonin receptors and acts as a low-potency full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It was first described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel in 2012. The drug's pharmacology was studied in more detail in 2021. It is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.

Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss chemist who studies psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen compounds, including their psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experiments.

According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion (Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function) is in the process of being translated into English. It is being translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also independently by chemist David Carlson.
Peniarth
Peniarth is a village in the community of Meifod, Powys, Wales. It is 87.1 miles (140.2 km) from Cardiff and 156.9 miles (252.5 km) from London.

It is represented in the Senedd by Russell George (Conservative). It is part of the Montgomeryshire constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

In 2013, the village was in the news when plans to build a row of electricity pylons was abandoned by National Grid, following local opposition.

Meifod
Meifod, formerly also written Meivod (Welsh pronunciationⓘ), is a small village, community and electoral ward seven miles (11 km) north-west of Welshpool in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales, on the A495 road and located in the valley of the River Vyrnwy. The River Banwy has a confluence with the Vyrnwy approximately two miles (3.2 km) to the west of the village. The village itself had a population of 317. The community also includes the village of Bwlch-y-cibau.
Iledi Osugbo Abalaye, Ajina Square
Iledi Osugbo Abalaiye is a pre-colonial  traditional site in  Ajina Square in Ikorodu area of Lagos. It was built in 1810 by joint community effort and the  building is used for the traditional rites and installation ceremonies of the Obas and Chiefs. The Iledi Osugbo plays a significant role in the history and origin of Ikorodu.

In 2019, the traditional coronation rites for the new Iyalode was done at the Iledi Osugbo Abalaiye in Ikorodu for a high powered traditional rite led by the Apena of Ikorodu.

The Iledi Osugbo site at Ejina market square area is what is considered a sacred space in Yoruba  culture and tradition as it plays a role in maintaining local cultures and traditions in the state.

Ògbóni
Ògbóni  (also known as Òsùgbó in Ijèbú) is a fraternal institution indigenous to the Yoruba-speaking polities of  Nigeria, Republic of Bénin and Togo. The society performs a range of political and religious functions, including exercising a profound influence on monarchs and serving as high courts of jurisprudence in capital offenses.

Its members are generally considered to constitute the nobility of the various Yoruba kingdoms of West Africa.
Para-Chloroamphetamine
para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), also known as 4-chloroamphetamine (4-CA), is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and serotonergic neurotoxin of the amphetamine family. It is used in scientific research in the study of the serotonin system, as a serotonin releasing agent (SRA) at lower doses to produce serotonergic effects, and as a serotonergic neurotoxin at higher doses to produce long-lasting depletions of serotonin.

PCA has also been clinically studied as an appetite suppressant and antidepressant, but findings of neurotoxicity in animals discouraged further evaluation. It has also been encountered as a designer drug, although it never achieved popularity, again perhaps due to its neurotoxicity.

Tryptophan hydroxylase
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is an enzyme (EC 1.14.16.4) involved in the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase together constitute the family of biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. TPH catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

It employs one additional cofactor, iron.
Enallagma minusculum
Enallagma minusculum, the little bluet, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in North America. This species was first described by American entomologist Albert Pitts Morse in 1895.

The IUCN conservation status of Enallagma minusculum is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The 
population is stable.

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Independence Towers
Independence Towers is a NYCHA housing project that consists of six 21-story buildings. It is located between Clymer to Wilson Streets and also between Wythe Place and Bedford Avenue in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Tenants began moving into the housing project in January 1965 and the complex was completed in October of that same year.

South Williamsburg, Brooklyn
South Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the northern portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is generally bounded by Division Avenue to the north, Broadway to the northeast, Flushing Avenue to the south, and the East River to the west. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 1 and is served by the 90th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

South Williamsburg is known for its large Hasidic Jewish population, particularly adherents of the Satmar dynasty, who settled in the area following World War II. The neighborhood is also home to a significant Latino community, predominantly Puerto Rican and Dominican, concentrated in the area known as Los Sures. Since the 2005 rezoning of the Greenpoint-Williamsburg waterfront, the neighborhood has experienced rapid gentrification and demographic change. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 33rd District.
Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2019)
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon during 2019.

The Anglophone Crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in the Republic of Cameroon in Central Africa, where historically English-speaking Ambazonian separatists are seeking the independence of the former British trust territory of Southern Cameroons, which was unified with Cameroon since 1961.

Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)
The Social Democratic Front  (SDF; French: Front social démocrate) is the main opposition party of Cameroon. It was led by Ni John Fru Ndi from its foundation until his death in 2023, and receives significant support from the Anglophone Southwest and Northwest Regions.
Fifth Force (Indonesia)
The Fifth Force (Indonesian: Angkatan Kelima) was a proposed military branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia. Conceived by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), it represented an initiative aimed at mobilizing armed workers and peasants.

Peasants Front of Indonesia
Peasants Front of Indonesia (Indonesian: Barisan Tani Indonesia) was a peasant mass organisation connected to the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). BTI was founded 25 November 1945. The previous peasant organisation of PKI had been the Peasants Union (Serikat Tani) formed in 1945. Its final general chairman was Asmu, the PKI's main agricultural analyst, who was appointed to the position in July 1962. The organization struggled for land reform, and was suppressed along with PKI in 1965.
1981 Carolina League season
The 1981 Carolina League was a Class A baseball season played between April 10 and August 31. Eight teams played a 140-game schedule, with the winners of each half of the season competing in the playoffs.

The Hagerstown Suns won the Carolina League championship, defeating the Peninsula Pilots in the final round of the playoffs.

Peninsula Pilots (minor league team)
The Peninsula Pilots was a primary name of the Minor League Baseball franchise located in Hampton, Virginia from 1963–1992. The Pilots played in the Class A Carolina League.

Today, Peninsula is home to the summer collegiate baseball team who have adopted the same Peninsula Pilots moniker and are members of the Coastal Plain League.
Bushkill Park
Bushkill Park, formerly Bushkill Park and Grove, is an amusement park in Easton, Pennsylvania.  it One of the oldest amusement parks in the nation, it is today geared toward younger audiences. The facility operated continuously from 1902 to 2004 and during the summer of 2006. It has operated since January 2017.

American Pickers
American Pickers (or also known as The Pickers for international broadcasts) is an American reality television series that premiered on January 18, 2010, on the History Channel, produced by A&E Networks in collaboration with Cineflix Media. In the series, the hosts travel across America in search of rare Americana artifacts and national treasures that they can buy from the collectors to add to their personal collections or sell in their antique shops.
Mustansiriya University bombings
The Mustansiriya University bombings was a series of bombing attacks at students and teachers at the largely Shiite Mustansiriya University in Baghdad, Iraq, on January 16, 2007. Some 70 people were killed and 169 were wounded.

Al-Mustansiriya University
Al-Mustansiriya University (Arabic: الجامعة المستنصرية, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa al-Mustanṣariyya) is a public university located in Baghdad, Iraq. It traces its origin back to 1227. The modern form of the university was founded in 1963.
Medvedjek, Loški Potok
Medvedjek (pronounced [mɛˈdʋeːdjɛk]; German: Bärenheim or Bärnheim) is a former village in the Municipality of Loški Potok in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Trava.

Trava, Loški Potok
Trava (pronounced [ˈtɾaːʋa]; German: Obergrass or Obergraß) is a village in the Municipality of Loški Potok in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran (c. 1519 – 22 January 1575), was a Scottish nobleman and Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1543 to 1554. At first pro-English and Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1543 and supported a pro-French policy. He reluctantly agreed to Mary's marriage to Francis, eldest son of King Henry II (Henri II)of France, and was rewarded by Henry by being made Duke of Châtellerault in 1549. During the Scottish Reformation, he joined the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to oppose the regency of Mary of Guise.

Dalkeith Palace
Dalkeith Palace is a country house in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland. It was the seat of the Dukes of Buccleuch from 1642 until 1914, and is owned by the Buccleuch Living Heritage Trust. The present palace was built 1701–1711 on the site of the medieval Dalkeith Castle, and was latterly renamed Dalkeith House.
Daniel LaPlante
Daniel J. LaPlante (born May 15, 1970) is an American convicted murderer serving multiple life sentences for the 1987 murders of Priscilla Gustafson and her two children in Townsend, Massachusetts. Prior to this, he spent time in juvenile detention for his 1986 home invasion where he hid inside the walls of the Bowen family home in Pepperell, Massachusetts for over 6 months.

Investigation Discovery
Investigation Discovery (ID) is an American cable television network. Owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, ID primarily broadcasts true crime programming, including documentaries and anthology series.

The channel was established in 1996 as Discovery Civilization Network (later Discovery Civilization Channel), which focused on world history. In 2002, the channel was relaunched as Discovery Times as a joint venture with The New York Times Company, with a focus on programming related to the culture of the United States. The Times divested their stake to Discovery in 2006, and the channel took its current name and format two years later.

As of November 2023, ID is available to approximately 69 million pay television households in the United States-down from its 2015 peak of 86 million households.
William C. O'Neill Bike Path
The William C. O'Neill Bike Path (also called the South County Bike Trail) is a paved rail trail extending from Kingston station parking lot in West Kingston, Rhode Island, to Mumford Road in Narragansett, Rhode Island. The whole path is in Washington County, Rhode Island. The trail is 6.8 miles (11 km) long, largely on the former right of way of the Narragansett Pier Railroad. An extension opened up to the University of Rhode Island in 2019. A future extension will bring it to Boston Neck Road (RI 1A).

Washington County, Rhode Island
Washington County, known to Rhode Islanders as South County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,839. Rhode Island counties have no governmental functions other than as court administrative boundaries, which are part of the state government.
Khushwant Walia
Khushwant Walia is an Indian television actor. He is known for playing the role of Rubel Deewan in the Star Plus' television series Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara. Later Walia also joined the cast of Life OKs Mere Rang Mein Rangne Waali. Walia was seen in Colors TV's Ishq Ka Rang Safed. He was also seen as Aarav Bharadwaj in Colors TV's Sasural Simar Ka.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Kumykia
Kumykia (Kumyk: Qumuq, Къумукъ), or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.

Kaitag Utsmiate
The Kaitag Utsmiate was a multiethnic feudal political entity in the North Caucasus. The first mentions of it appear in chronicles from the 5th century, and it was eliminated in 1820 during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The state's territory included Kaitag, Dakhaday and parts of Segokala, Derbent, Kayakent districts of modern Dagestan.
Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump was one of two women's jumping events on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo.  Both qualification and the final were held on 15 October 1964.  27 athletes from 18 nations entered, with 1 not starting in the qualification round.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics
At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, the athletics competition included 36 events, 24 for men and 12 for women.  The women's 400 metres and women's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games. There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries.
Electranthera cuneifolia
Electranthera cuneifolia is a shrubby flowering plant native to the states of Durango, Nayarit, and Jalisco in west-central Mexico. It grows in oak forests in the southern Sierra Madre Occidental from 1500 to 1800 meters elevation.

The species was first described as Coreopsis cuneifolia by Jesse More Greenman in 1904. In 2013 Daniel J. Crawford and Mesfin Tadesse found three Coreopsis species distinct from the rest of the genus, and placed them in the revived genus Electra named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1836. That genus name is illegitimate, and the genus Electranthera was named in 2015.

Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
The Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests (Spanish: Bosques de pino-roble de la Sierra Madre Occidental) are a Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range from the southwest USA region to the western part of Mexico. They are home to a large number of endemic plants and important habitat for wildlife.
Drummond—Arthabaska
Drummond—Arthabaska was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1968.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867. It was amalgamated into the Richmond, Drummond and Lotbinière electoral districts in 1966.

Richmond—Wolfe
Richmond—Wolfe (also known as Richmond) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1997.

It was created as by the British North America Act, 1867.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Richmond and Drummond ridings.

Richmond riding was renamed "Richmond—Wolfe" in 1980.

In 1996, it was again abolished when it was redistributed into the new districts of Richmond—Arthabaska and Compton—Stanstead.
The Collective Now
The Collective Now is an album released in September 2007 by The Seldon Plan. It is their second album, following on from their 2005 debut album, Making Circles. It is produced by Frank Marchand, and features vocals and guitar by Michael Nestor and Bobby Landle, and drums and percussion by Mike Landavere.

Making Circles
Making Circles is the second album released by indie rock band The Seldon Plan, released in April 2005 by OTPRecords and re-released in September 2005 by Magnatune. Songs from this record were featured on Current TV, NPR, and the lonelygirl15 series.
Cayenne Battery
The Cayenne Battery (formally, Historical Cayenne Battery – Portuguese: Bateria Histórica Caiena) of the Brazilian Army is one of three military units that comprise the Brazilian president's honor guard, the others being the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment (Portuguese: 1º Regimento de Cavalaria de Guardas – RCG) – "Independence Dragoons" and the Presidential Guard Battalion (Portuguese: Batalhão da Guarda Presidencial – BGP).

"Cayenne Battery" was the name for the Brazilian colonial troops sent by John VI to the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana in 1809. Nowadays, it is part of 32nd Artillery Campaign Group, but falls within the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment due to the necessity of horses. It uses horse-drawn cannons and is responsible for 21-gun salutes at special ceremonies.

21-gun  salute during the Brazilian presidential inauguration

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Crenaticaulis
Crenaticaulis was an early genus of slender, dichotomously branching, leafless land plants, known from the Devonian period and first described in 1969.  They were probably allied to the zosterophylls, and are assigned to subdivision Zosterophyllophytina, or class Zosterophyllopsida. They bore branches and scalariform tracheids.

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Crenaticaulis in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal sporangia to place the genus in the family Gosslingiaceae in the paraphyletic order Gosslingiales, a group considered to have indeterminate growth, with fertile branches generally showing circinate vernation (initially curled up). Kenrick and Crane in 1997 placed the genus in the family Sawdoniaceae in the order Sawdoniales.

Sawdoniaceae
Sawdoniaceae is a family of extinct zosterophylls. The zosterophylls were among the first vascular plants in the fossil record, and are considered to share an ancestor with the living lycophytes. The family is recognized by some sources, and placed in the Sawdoniales. Other sources do not recognize the family, and place some of its members in the family Gosslingiaceae.