hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
US signals intelligence in the Cold War
After the end of World War II, all the Western allies began a rapid drawdown of military forces, including those of signals intelligence. At the time, the US still had a COMINT organization split between the Army and Navy.  A 1946 plan listed Russia, China, and a [redacted] country as high-priority targets.

Each service ran independent agreements with foreign counterparts, some of which, especially the British, had already formed a central communications intelligence organization (e.g., the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, now the Government Communications Headquarters). Lack of centralization bothered these allies.  The vital British-US cooperation was, at this point, one of the strongest incentives to the US Army and Navy to form a centralized organization.

CORONA (satellite)
The CORONA program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Science and Technology with substantial assistance from the U.S. Air Force. The CORONA satellites were used for photographic surveillance of the Soviet Union (USSR), China, and other areas beginning in June 1959 and ending in May 1972.
Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company
The Westinghouse Brake & Signal Company Ltd was a British manufacturer of railroad signs. Founded by George Westinghouse, it was registered as "Westinghouse Brake Company" in 1881. The company reorganised in 1920, associating with Evans O'Donnell, and Saxby and Farmer which merged to form the "Westinghouse Brake & Saxby Signal Company". The 'Saxby' would be dropped from their title in 1935.

For most of the 20th century, Westinghouse manufactured air brakes, signalling, mining & colliery equipment, industrial automation and power rectifier equipment in the engineering works in Chippenham, Wiltshire, England and Melbourne, Australia. There were associate companies in South Africa (Saxby & Farmer Private) and India. The company's main factory of around 35 acres was located immediately north-east of Chippenham railway station on the Great Western Railway.

Railway air brake
A railway air brake is a railway brake power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium. Modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system that is based upon a design patented by George Westinghouse on April 13, 1869.  The Westinghouse Air Brake Company was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. In various forms, it has been nearly universally adopted.

The Westinghouse system uses air pressure to charge air reservoirs (tanks) on each car. Full air pressure causes each car to release the brakes. A subsequent reduction or loss of air pressure causes each car to apply its brakes, using the compressed air stored in its reservoirs.
Plural quantification
In mathematics and logic, plural quantification is the theory that an individual variable x may take on plural, as well as singular, values. As well as substituting individual objects such as Alice, the number 1, the tallest building in London etc. for x, we may substitute both Alice and Bob, or all the numbers between 0 and 10, or all the buildings in London over 20 stories.

The point of the theory is to give first-order logic the power of set theory, but without any "existential commitment" to such objects as sets.  The classic expositions are Boolos 1984 and Lewis 1991.

Friederike Moltmann
Friederike Moltmann is a German linguist and philosopher. She has done pioneering work at the intersection of philosophy and linguistics, especially on the interface between metaphysics and natural language semantics, but also on the interface between philosophy of mind and mathematics. She is an important proponent of natural language ontology. She is currently Research Director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris.
Rutherford H. Adkins
Rutherford Hamlet "Lubby" Adkins (November 21, 1924 – February 6, 1998) was an American military aviator and university administrator who served with the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. He flew fourteen combat missions with the Tuskegee Airmen. He came home to complete his education and earn multiple degrees: he was the first African American to earn a PhD from The Catholic University in Washington D.C. Adkins went on to serve in many positions in higher education including as President of Knoxville College and Fisk University.

Virginia State University
Virginia State University (VSU or Virginia State) is a public historically Black land-grant university in Ettrick, Virginia, United States. Founded on March 6, 1882 (1882-03-06), Virginia State developed as the United States's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for Black Americans. The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
2025 NSWRL Major Competitions
The New South Wales Rugby League administered several Major Competitions during the 2025 season. This included six men's competitions, two women's competitions and an under 21s competition. Along with the Queensland Rugby League, these competitions feed into the National Rugby League.

Ron Massey Cup
The Ron Massey Cup (formerly known as the Bundaberg Red Cup and Jim Beam Cup) is a semi-professional development level rugby league competition in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, run by the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL). The competition is run concurrently with the National Rugby League (NRL). It currently comprises 13 teams drawn from the Sydney metropolitan area. The competition is named after Ron Massey, a former rugby league coach. Ron Massey died on 19 September 2016.

The competition is an expanded version of the former Metropolitan Cup and Second Division competitions. The competition was renamed the Bundaberg Red Cup after the 2008 season (the last Jim Beam Cup season), after Bundaberg Rum replaced former sponsor Jim Beam. For the 2013 season, the competition was re-branded as the Ron Massey Cup in honour of the former coach, tactician, mentor and administrator.
CF Vilanova
Club de Fútbol Vilanova is a Spanish football team based in Vilanova i la Geltrú, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1951, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 5, holding home matches at Camp Municipal d'Esports, with a 3,500-seat capacity.

The club's first match was played on 7 October 1951.

Vilanova i la Geltrú
Vilanova i la Geltrú (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌbiləˈnɔβəj lə ʒəlˈtɾu]) is the capital city of Garraf comarca, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Historically, it is the result of the aggregation of the medieval center of La Geltrú with the center built outside the medieval walls, Vilanova (which means "new village"). Initially, the lands of Vilanova belonged to Cubelles, the neighboring town. 
The city of Vilanova i la Geltrú has a growing population of approximately 66,000, and is situated 40 km south-west of Barcelona, with the coastal resort of Sitges some 10 km to the north-east.
Colombo Baking Company
Colombo Baking Company was a bakery founded in 1896, known for its sourdough bread.  Located at 580 Julie Ann Way in Oakland, California, it became a wholly owned division of Hostess Brands. Colombo sourdough rolls were manufactured at a satellite bakery in Sacramento, California. Along with Toscana bakery of Oakland and Parisian bakery of San Francisco, Colombo became part of the San Francisco French Bread Company (SFFBC) which was acquired by Hostess in 1994. The brands competed locally in the San Francisco Bay Area. As a result of Hostess liquidating the company, Colombo shuttered its operation in November, 2012. The SFFBC, through Colombo's bakery, was the maker of Emperor Norton San Francisco Sourdough Snacks, which ceased production in 2012, prior to the Hostess liquidation.

The Colombo brand was acquired by Bimbo Bakeries USA in August 2014.

Hostess Brands
Hostess Brands Inc. is an American bakery company formed in 2013. Its main operating subsidiaries are Hostess Brands, LLC, and Voortman Cookies Limited.

The company owns several bakeries in the United States that produce snack cakes under the Hostess and Dolly Madison brand names and its Canadian subsidiary, Voortman Cookies Ltd., produces wafers and cookies under the Voortman brand name. It is headquartered in Lenexa within Johnson County, Kansas.

The J.M. Smucker Company agreed to acquire Hostess Brands for $5.6 billion in a cash and stock deal on September 11, 2023. The purchase was completed in November.
Play (David Ball album)
Play is the fourth studio album by American country music singer David Ball. It was released in 1999 on Warner Bros. Records. The album produced the singles "Watching My Baby Not Come Back" (which Ball co-wrote with Brad Paisley) and "I Want To with You", which respectively reached numbers 47 and 67 on the Billboard country charts. Ball produced the album with Ben Fowler, except for "Watching My Baby Not Come Back", "Hasta Luego, My Love", "For You", and "When I Get Lonely", which were produced by Don Cook.

The track "What Do You Say to That" was also recorded by George Strait on his 1999 album Always Never the Same, from which it was released as a single. McBride & the Ride later recorded "Hasta Luego, My Love" under the title "Hasta Luego" on their 2002 album Amarillo Sky.

Always Never the Same (George Strait album)
Always Never the Same is the nineteenth studio album released on March 2, 1999, by American country music singer George Strait. The album produced the singles "Meanwhile", "Write This Down", and "What Do You Say to That", which respectively reached #4, #1, and #4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. The title track, "One of You" and "I Look at You" also charted in the lower regions of that chart from unsolicited airplay.
Herrenberg station
Herrenberg station is located on the Stuttgart–Horb railway (German: Gäubahn) and is at the start of the Ammer Valley Railway (Ammertalbahn). Because it is a stop for Regional-Express services and it is a terminus for both Stuttgart S-Bahn line S 1 and Regionalbahn services from Tübingen and Bondorf, it is an important transport node. It is located about 200 metres west of the old centre of Herrenberg in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

Stuttgart–Horb railway
The Stuttgart–Horb railway is a 67.227 kilometer-long railway in the southern part of the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, running from Stuttgart to Horb. It forms part of a railway known as the Gäubahn (IPA: [ˈɡɔɪbaːn]) or Gäu Railway. The Royal Württemberg State Railways (Königlich Württembergischen Staats-Eisenbahnen or K.W.St.E.) and the Baden State Railways (Badische Staatseisenbahnen) constructed the majority of this line between the years 1866 and 1879. Today the partially single-track, fully electrified line features the high-speed Intercity-Express (ICE) service, with its tilting train technology, traveling from Stuttgart to Zürich. In addition, a multitude of local train services of numerous railway companies are on offer. The Gäu Railway is also a significant line in the North-South freight service system.
Avifilopluma
Avifilopluma ("bird filoplumes") is a clade containing all animals with feathers. Unlike most clades, which are defined based on relative relationships, Avifilopluma is defined based on an apomorphy, that is, a unique physical characteristic shared by one group and not found outside that group (in this case, feathers). Its content is unclear, and has been speculated to range from Coelurosauria to all of Ornithodira.

Maniraptora
Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauroidea are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period (see Eshanosaurus), and survive today as living birds.
La Voz Senior (Spanish TV series) season 2
The second season of La Voz Senior started airing on 10 December 2020 on Antena 3. Antonio Orozco was the only coach returning from the previous season, joined by debutants David Bustamante, Pastora Soler, and Rosana Arbelo, who replace David Bisbal, Pablo López, and Paulina Rubio. Eva González returned for her second season as host.

Naida Abanovich won the season, marking David Bustamante’s first win as a coach.

La Voz Senior (Spanish TV series)
La Voz Senior (Spanish for The Voice Senior) is a Spanish reality talent show that premiered on 8 May 2019 on Antena 3. It is part of the international syndication The Voice based on the original Dutch television program The Voice of Holland, created by Dutch television producer John de Mol Jr. When Atresmedia announced the acquisition of the format in June 2018, they announced they would produce La Voz Senior, where elders over 60 will compete against each other.
Sheikh Chilli (Sufi saint)
Sufi Saint Abdul-Karim Abd-ur-Razak; popularly known by the name of Sheikh Chilli, was a Qadiriyya Sufi, he was known for his wisdom and generosity. He was the master of Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh (A.D. 1650). Many people consider him a great darwesh. There is a Sheikh Chilli's Tomb located in Thanesar, Haryana, India, in Kurukshetra.

Qadiri Order
The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادرية) or the Qadiri order (Arabic: الطريقة القادرية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya) is a Sunni Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated Jilani), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran.

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, as well as East, West and North Africa.
Field hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics was the 19th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a fifteen-day period beginning on 16 September, and culminating with the medal finals on 30 September. All games were played at the hockey centre within the Olympic Park in Sydney, Australia.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the gold medal for the second time after defeating South Korea 5–4 in the final on penalty strokes after a 3–3 draw. Australia won the bronze medal by defeating Pakistan 6–3.

2000 Men's Field Hockey Olympic Qualifier
The 2000 Men's Olympic Qualifier was a field hockey tournament held in Osaka, Japan, from 9–20 March 2000.

Twelve nations competed at the tournament, with the top seven earning qualification to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
Perfidy (book)
Perfidy is a book written by Ben Hecht in 1961. The book describes the events surrounding the 1954–1955 Kastner trial in Jerusalem.

The book is based on transcripts from the trial and concludes that in 1944 Rudolf Kastner deliberately withheld from the Jews in Hungary knowledge that the trains the Nazis were putting them on were taking them to death by the gas chamber, not to a fictitious resettlement city as the Nazis claimed and that Kastner then lied about it under oath. One of the supporting facts presented is that, in the Supreme Court appeal of the original verdict implicating Kastner, all five Supreme Court Judges upheld Judge Halevi's initial verdict on the "criminal and perjurious way" in which Kastner after the war had testified on behalf of Nazi war criminal Kurt Becher. Judge Silberg summed up the Supreme Court finding on this point: "[respondent Malchiel] Greenwald has proven beyond any reasonable doubt this grave charge." Most of the judgement was later overturned.

Malchiel Gruenwald
Malchiel Gruenwald (Hebrew: מלכיאל גרינוולד; also written Grünwald, Gruenvald, and Greenwald; 1882–1968) was an Israeli hotelier, amateur journalist, and stamp collector, who came to public attention in 1953, when he accused an Israeli government employee, Rudolf Kastner, of having collaborated with the Nazis during the Holocaust.
Lungotevere dell'Acqua Acetosa
Lungotevere dell'Acqua Acetosa is the stretch of lungotevere which links Via della Foce dell'Aniene to lungotevere Salvo D'Acquisto, in Rome, in the Parioli quarter.

This lungotevere takes its name from the fountain of the Acqua Acetosa, erected by pope Paul V (r. 1605-21) in 1619.

It was instituted with law of the city council of 25 February 1948.

Parioli
Parioli (Italian pronunciation: [paˈrjɔːli]) is the 2nd quartiere of Rome, identified by the initials Q. II.

The toponym is also used to indicate the urbanistic area 2B of the Municipio Roma II.

The name comes from Monti Parioli, a series of tufa hills, and was given to the area before its incorporation into the city proper at the beginning of the 20th century. Some suggest that the name stems from peraioli ("pear harvesters"), as it was once the site of pear orchards.
Tai Pao language
Tai Pao, known in Vietnamese sources as Tai Hang Tong (Hàng Tổng), is a Tai language of Vietnam and Laos. In Laos, it is spoken in Khamkeut District, Pakkading District, and Viengthong District of Bolikhamxai Province. Two dialects of Tai Hang Tong are distinguished: Tai Pao and Tai Yo.

Tai languages
The Tai languages (/ˈtaɪ/ TIE), also known as Zhuang–Tai and Daic languages (/ˈdaɪ.ɪk/ DYE-ik), are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai, or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language; and Zhuang, a major language in the Southwestern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spoken by the Zhuang people (壯), the largest minority ethnic group in China, with a population of 15.55 million, living mainly in Guangxi, the rest scattered across Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.
2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was an association football competition used to determine the two participants who would compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was held at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from January 19–29, 2012.

CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was an international football (soccer) event in the North America, Central America and the Caribbean region, and was the qualification tournament for the Olympic Games.

Women's football tournaments in Olympics have been held since 1996, but the qualifying tournaments were held for the 2004 to 2020 Olympics, with the two finalists qualify for the Olympic tournament.

For the 2024 Summer Olympics, the winner of the 2022 CONCACAF W Championship will qualify for the 2024 tournament, while the second and third-placed teams will advance to a CONCACAF Olympic play-off, where the winner of the play-off will qualify for the Olympics.
Achromobacter denitrificans
Achromobacter denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, ubiquitous, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from soil and can cause human infections.

Achromobacter
Achromobacter is a genus of bacteria, included in the family Alcaligenaceae in the order Burkholderiales. The cells are Gram-negative straight rods and are motile by using one to 20 peritrichous flagella. They are strictly aerobic and are found in water (fresh and marine) and soils. They have also been identified as a contaminant in laboratory cell cultures. They have been identified as opportunistic human pathogens in people with certain immunosuppressive conditions such as cystic fibrosis, cancer and kidney failure. They also have been known to be resistant to antibiotics.
Ooh, Ooh Baby (Taral Hicks song)
"Ooh, Ooh Baby" is the debut single by American R&B singer Taral Hicks. The song features a guest appearance by then–unknown Missy Elliott, who was at the time an ex-member of DeVante Swing's act Sista. The song was released on June 18, 1996, as the first single from Hicks' debut album, This Time (1997). A music video for the song was directed by Hype Williams, but it was never released.

The song debuted on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart on July 6, 1996, and peaked at No. 81 the following week.

"Ooh, Ooh Baby" has also been noted to be Elliott's second featured appearance on a single as a solo artist; the first being "That's What Little Girls Are Made Of" in 1993.

That's What Little Girls Are Made Of
"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of" is the debut mainstream single by American actress and singer Raven-Symoné, taken from her debut album, Here's to New Dreams (1992). The single was released in April 1993 by MCA Records and is Raven-Symoné's highest chart appearance to date, peaking at numbers 68 and 73 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100.

The song was written and produced by Missy Elliott, who performs a verse of scat singing and Jamaican-style toasting, but the music video featured a thinner, light-skinned actress lip syncing her part. On Behind the Music, Elliott reveals that she was not informed of the video shoot and later told she "didn't quite fit the image that we were looking for"—later taking her revenge with an oversized garbage-bag costume in her groundbreaking 1997 video "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)." Despite the setback, Elliott and Raven-Symoné have expressed respect for each other on Twitter.
Sarab-e Jahangir
Sarab-e Jahangir (Persian: سرابجهانگير, also Romanized as Sarāb-e Jahāngīr) is a village in Jayedar Rural District, in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11, in 4 families.

Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District
Jayedar-e Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان جایدر شمالی) is in the Central District of Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rahimabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Valieasr, and prior to that time, its capital was the village of Sarab Hammam (now a city).
Sikory Juskie
Sikory Juskie [ɕiˈkɔrɨ ˈjuskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Juchy, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Stare Juchy, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Ełk, and 119 km (74 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Stare Juchy
Stare Juchy [ˈstarɛ ˈjuxɨ] is a village in Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stare Juchy. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Ełk and 111 km (69 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Charles Plumier
Charles Plumier (French: [ʃaʁl ply.mje]; 20 April 1646 – 20 November 1704) was a French botanist after whom the frangipani genus Plumeria is named. Plumier is considered one of the most important of the botanical explorers of his time. He made three botanizing expeditions to the West Indies, which resulted in a massive work Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera (1703–1704) and was appointed botanist to King Louis XIV of France.

Journal de Trévoux
The Journal de Trévoux (French pronunciation: [ʒuʁnal də tʁevu]), formally the Mémoires pour l'Histoire des Sciences & des beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [memwaʁ puʁ listwaʁ de sjɑ̃s e de boz‿aʁ]), but often called the Mémoires de Trévoux (French pronunciation: [memwaʁ də tʁevu]), was an influential academic journal that appeared monthly in France between January 1701 and December 1782. The journal published critical reviews of contemporary books and papers on a broad range of subjects, mostly non-fiction. Its editors and most of the authors were members of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), although they played down their connection with the order. However, when it came to questions of religion, morality or politics they did not attempt to remain neutral.