hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allyl halide
Allyl halides are a class of compounds in organic chemistry whose members contain a halogen atom in the allylic position, i.e., bonded to a carbon atom that is itself directly bonded to a double bond. In the narrower sense, they are monohalogenated derivatives of propene, namely allyl fluoride (Allyl fluoride), allyl chloride, allyl bromide, and allyl iodide.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Hillclimbing (cycling)
Hill climbing is a cycling event, as well as a basic skill of the sport.  A hill climb is a competition of sustained climbing, that finishes at a higher altitude than the start line. Occasionally featured as stages in major professional races, such as the Tour de France, they are usually referred to as mountain stages. Mountain stages may take the form of a normal road race stage, or an individual time trials. Time trial stages are not necessarily from the bottom to the top of a hill, and can simply be a time trial over hilly terrain. As events, a hill climb may either be an individual time trial (which forbids cooperation, drafting, or team tactics), a road race or in some cases a gravel race.

Gravel cycling
Gravel cycling, gravel biking or gravel grinding is a sport or a leisure activity in which participants ride bicycles on gravel roads or other unpaved surfaces. While often performed on a specially designed gravel bike, any bicycle capable of covering the terrain can be used.

Gravel cycling bridges the gap between road and mountain biking, combining the efficiency of road cycling with the capability to ride on rough and loose terrain of mountain biking. It allows riders more freedom to choose routes than road cycling, without many of the physical and equipment-related barriers of mountain biking. Gravel cycling is nearly as old as cycling itself, with most significant developments in the racing side having occurred in the 20th century. Gravel racing as a discipline has its own global series and world championship.
Martin Kay
Martin Kay (1935 – 7 August 2021) was a British computer scientist, known especially for his work in computational linguistics.

Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he received his M.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1961. In 1958 he started to work at the Cambridge Language Research Unit, one of the earliest centres for research in what is now known as Computational Linguistics. In 1961, he moved to the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica, California, US, where he eventually became head of research in linguistics and machine translation. He left Rand in 1972 to become Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. In 1974, he moved to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center as a Research Fellow. In 1985, while retaining his position at Xerox PARC, he joined the faculty of Stanford University half-time. He was most recently Professor of Linguistics at Stanford University and Honorary Professor of Computational Linguistics at Saarland University.

Association for Computational Linguistics
The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) is a scientific and professional organization for people working on natural language processing. Its namesake conference is one of the primary high impact conferences for natural language processing research, along with EMNLP. The conference is held each summer in locations where significant computational linguistics research is carried out.

It was founded in 1962, originally named the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics (AMTCL). It became the ACL in 1968. The ACL has a European (EACL), a North American (NAACL), and an Asian (AACL) chapter.
1961–62 Liverpool F.C. season
The 1961-62 season was the 70th season in Liverpool F.C.'s existence and their eighth and final season in Division Two. They finished the season as Second Division champions and sealed promotion to the First Division under the management of Bill Shankly, who had been in charge since December 1959. Their top scorer was centre-forward Roger Hunt, who scored 41 goals in the league and 42 in all competitions. They also reached the fifth round of the FA Cup.

The signings of Ron Yeats and Ian St. John in the close season would also be influential in their championship, and would become part of the team for the rest of the decade.

Ian St John
John "Ian" St John (/sɪntˈdʒɒn/; 7 June 1938 – 1 March 2021) was a Scottish professional football player, coach and broadcaster. St John played as a forward for Liverpool throughout most of the 1960s. Signed by Bill Shankly in 1961, St John was a key member of the Liverpool team that emerged from the second tier of English football to win two league titles and one FA Cup—in which he scored the winner in the 1965 final—to cement a position as one of the country's top sides.  He played for Scotland 21 times, scoring nine goals.

He later became a manager – including at his hometown team Motherwell where he had begun his playing career – and a media pundit. He co-presented the topical football show Saint and Greavsie with Jimmy Greaves from 1985 to 1992. In 2008, he was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame.
Neotoxoscelus
Neotoxoscelus is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

Neotoxoscelus aeneiventris Fisher, 1930

Neotoxoscelus bakeri Fisher, 1921

Neotoxoscelus corporaali Obenberger, 1922

Neotoxoscelus kerzhneri (Alexeev, 1975)

Neotoxoscelus kurosawai (Hattori, 1990)

Neotoxoscelus luzonicus Fisher, 1921

Neotoxoscelus ornatus Fisher, 1930

Neotoxoscelus shirahatai (Kurosawa, 1977)

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Arlene Blencowe
Arlene Blencowe (born 11 April 1983) is an Australian retired  mixed martial artist and boxer who competed in the Women's Featherweight division. She most notably fought in Bellator MMA, where she was the first Australian female fighter in the promotion's history.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Roger Hane
Roger T. Hane (January 3, 1939 – June 17, 1974) was an illustrator of paperback books, commercial advertising campaigns, and record albums, known for his surreal, fanciful art. During his eleven-year professional career, Hane produced over three hundred illustrations. He painted the covers of the Collier-Macmillan editions of C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia books, as well as such Simon & Schuster publications as Carlos Castaneda's The Teachings of Don Juan and A Separate Reality. He also created artwork for Avon Books, E.P. Dutton Company, and Collier Books.

University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
The University of the Arts (UArts) was a private arts university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its campus made up part of the Avenue of the Arts cultural district in Center City, Philadelphia. On May 31, 2024, university administrators suddenly announced that the university would close on June 7, 2024, although its precarious financial situation had been known for some time. It was accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

The university included six schools: the School of Art, School of Dance, School of Design, School of Film, School of Music (accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music), and the Ira Brind School of Theater Arts, along with graduate and professional programs. A Saturday School of art classes for children opened in 1900.
Afrolychas
Afrolychas is a genus of scorpion in the family Buthidae. There are two species in this genus, both of which used to belong to the genus Lychas. The genus was described in 2019 by František Kovařík. The genus name Afrolychas is a reference to the African range of its species and the fact that the two species used to be members of the genus Lychas. Afrolychas's closest relatives are believed to be the scorpions in the genus Pseudolychas. Afrolychas braueri is one of the rarest scorpions in the world, as it is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Lychas
Lychas is a genus of scorpions belonging to the family Buthidae. It is one of the most widespread genus of the scorpions, where the species are found throughout in Africa and Seychelles, and in the Oriental region from India to Melanesia.
Diana Fox Carney
Diana Fox Carney (née Fox; born 1965) is a British-Canadian economist and climate policy expert who is the spouse of the prime minister of Canada Mark Carney, the 24th Prime Minister of Canada since 2025.

Specializing in developing nations, she is active in various environmental and social justice causes. She has published research and has collaborated with multiple international think tanks. She has been described as a "widely respected expert on global climate and energy policy", serving as a board member for numerous not-for-profit organisations.

Institute for Public Policy Research
The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is a progressive think tank based in London. It was founded in 1988 by Lord Hollick and Lord Eatwell, and is an independent registered charity. The think tank aims to maintain the momentum of progressive thought in the United Kingdom through well-researched and clearly argued policy analysis, reports, and publications; as well as a high media profile.

The IPPR has offices in Newcastle upon Tyne, Manchester, and Edinburgh. Funding comes from trust and foundation grants, government support, and individual donors.
1967 Fairmont State Falcons football team
The 1967 Fairmont State Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Fairmont State University as a member of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) during the 1967 NAIA football season. In their 16th season under head coach Harold "Deacon" Duvall, the Falcons compiled a perfect 11–0 record (7–0 against conference opponents) and won the WVIAC championship. The team advanced to the NAIA playoffs where they defeated Northern Michigan in the semifinals and then beat Eastern Washington in the Champion Bowl to win the 1967 NAIA national championship. The team led the NAIA in defense, allowing only 119.8 yards per game (60.5 passing and 59.3 rushing).

The Falcons' 1967 NAIA national championship was the State of West Virginia's first national title in football.  The 1967 Fairmont team was inducted into the Fairmont State Athletics Hall of Fame in 2017.

The team played its home games at East-West Stadium in Fairmont, West Virginia.

Harold "Deacon" Duvall
Harold S. "Deacon" Duvall (January 11, 1917 – October 2, 2014) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Fairmont State College—now known as Fairmont State University—in Fairmont, West Virginia from 1952 to 1971, compiling a record of 125–42–3. Duvall led the Fighting Falcons to the NAIA Football National Championship in 1967.

Duvall attended Fairmont Senior High School before moving on to Fairmont State College, from which he earned an A.B. degree. He later received a Master of Arts degree from Columbia University.
William J. Gregory House
The William J. Gregory House is a historic house located at 8140 Lowell Boulevard in Westminster, Colorado.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

It is a two-and-a-half-story Dutch Colonial Revival-style brick house.

It was built in 1910 as one of the earliest homes in the original townsite of Westminster.

Dutch Colonial Revival architecture
Dutch Colonial Revival is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house.  Modern versions built in the early 20th century are more accurately referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival", a subtype of the Colonial Revival style.
Tasmanian National Party
The Tasmanian Nationals (officially registered as The National Party of Australia – Tasmania) are the affiliate of the National Party of Australia in the state of Tasmania.

The party has a history in Tasmania dating back to 1922, and has previously used the names Country Party, Centre Party, and National Country Party. It has had limited electoral success and has dissolved itself or disappeared on a number of occasions, sometimes for several decades. The party was briefly re-established in 2018, after independent senator Steve Martin became the first member of the party in federal parliament since the 1920s. The party was re-registered with the Tasmanian Electoral Commission in January 2025.

Division of Lyons (state)
The electoral division of Lyons (/ˈlaɪənz/) is one of the five electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, with the largest electorate and covering most of central and eastern Tasmania. Lyons is named jointly in honour of Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia (1932–1939); Premier of Tasmania (1923–1928), and Joseph's wife, Dame Enid Lyons, the first woman elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1943. The electorate shares its name and boundaries with the federal division of Lyons.

Lyons and the other House of Assembly electoral divisions are each represented by seven members elected under the Hare-Clark electoral system.
Gertrude of Dagsburg
Gertrude of Dagsburg (died 30 March 1225) was the reigning countess of Metz and Dagsburg (Dabo) between 1212 and 1225. She was duchess consort of Lorraine by her short-lived marriage to Theobald. She was also a trouvère composing poems set to music, which often revolved around tales of courtly love.

Her mother was Gertrude of Baden, and her father was of Albert II, count of Metz and Dagsburg (Dabo); she was his heiress.

Trouvère
Trouvère (/truːˈvɛər/, French: [tʁuvɛʁ]), sometimes spelled trouveur (/truːˈvɜːr/, French: [tʁuvœʁ]), is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador, the precursor of the modern French word troubadour. Trouvère refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the trobadors, both composing and performing lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages, but while the trobadors composed and performed in Old Occitan, the trouvères used the northern dialects of France. One of the first known trouvères was Chrétien de Troyes (fl. 1160s–1180s) and the trouvères continued to flourish until about 1300. Some 2130 trouvère poems have survived; of these, at least two-thirds have melodies.
Dej Mahoney
Dej Mahoney, born Ayodeji Mahoney, is a British legal and business consultant in the entertainment and related sectors, with more than 30 years' experience within the music and media industries. His career has encompassed being an entertainment lawyer and a producer, former Vice-President of Business Affairs at Sony Music, as well as founding director since 2001 of London-based organisation All Our Business (AOB). In 2020 he was appointed non-executive chair of the production music company West One Music Group.

Epsom College
Epsom College is a co-educational independent school on Epsom Downs, Surrey, England, for pupils aged 11 to 18. It was founded in 1853 as a benevolent institution which provided a boarding school education for sons of poor or deceased members of the medical profession and also accommodation for pensioned doctors. The college soon after foundation opened to pupils from outside the medical profession. Over time the charitable work for medical professionals in hardship moved to a separate charity.  By 1996 the school was fully co-educational and now takes day pupils throughout. The headteacher is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Toride Velodrome
Toride Velodrome (取手競輪場, Toride Keirinjyō) is a velodrome located in Toride, Ibaraki, that conducts pari-mutuel keirin racing - one of Japan's four authorized "public sports" (公営競技, kōei kyōgi) where gambling is permitted. Its keirin identification number for betting purposes is 23# (23 sharp).

Toride's oval is 400 meters in circumference. A typical keirin race of 2,025 meters consists of five laps around the course.

Horse races were once held here as Toride Racecourse, but due to the boom in bicycle racing in the 1950s, horse racing events declined, so the facility was changed to a bicycle racing track. Traces of the old racecourse, which opened on February 25, 1950, can still be seen in the current parking lot.

Toride, Ibaraki
Toride (取手市, Toride-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 103,717 in 47,545 households and a population density of 1482 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.8%. The total area of the city is 69.94 square kilometres (27.00 sq mi).
Raufoss Church
Raufoss Church (Norwegian: Raufoss kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the town of Raufoss. It is the church for the Raufoss parish which is part of the Toten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, stone church was built in a long church design in 1939 using plans drawn up by the architect Henry Bucher. The church seats about 450 people.

Raufoss
Raufoss is a town in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the larger town of Gjøvik. The town is located along the municipal border with the neighboring Gjøvik Municipality and the actual urban area of Raufoss does cross the border slightly, including a small part of Gjøvik as well (as defined by Statistics Norway).

The 7.12-square-kilometre (1,760-acre) town had a population (2022) of 7,918 and a population density of 1,112 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,880/sq mi). Since 2022, the population and area data for this town area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway and instead it has been considered part of the urban area for the town of Gjøvik.

The village of Raufoss was given town status in 2019.
Washington State University Everett
Washington State University Everett (WSU Everett) is a campus of Washington State University in Everett, Washington. The land-grant research university was founded in 1890 and the Washington State Legislature approved funding for WSU to expand to Snohomish County in 2011. The campus began with a 95,000-square foot building costing $64 million. The campus was founded in 2014, and courses began in late 2017.

Everett Community College
Everett Community College (EvCC) is a public community college in Everett, Washington. EvCC educates more than 19,000 students every year at locations throughout Snohomish County, Washington, with most students and faculty at the main campus in Everett.
2006 WABA Super League
The West Asian Basketball Super League 2006 (WASL) was the 1st staging of the WASL League, the basketball club league of West Asia Basketball Association. The top four teams from different countries qualify for the FIBA Asia Champions Cup 2006.

WABA Champions Cup
The WABA Champions Cup, between 2011 and 2012 known as the West Asian Basketball League (WABL), was the West Asian club championship for basketball organized by West Asia Basketball Association, and took place every year, It also served as a qualifying tournament for the FIBA Asia Champions Cup.
No. 263 Squadron RAF
No 263 Squadron was a Royal Air Force fighter squadron formed in Italy towards the end of the First World War. After being disbanded in 1919 it was reformed in 1939 flying mainly strike and heavy fighter aircraft until becoming No 1 Squadron in 1958.

Rolls-Royce Peregrine
The Rolls-Royce Peregrine was a 21-litre (1,300 cu in),  885-horsepower (660 kW) liquid-cooled V-12 aero engine designed and built by the British manufacturer Rolls-Royce in the late 1930s. It was essentially the ultimate development of the company's Kestrel engine, which had seen widespread use in military aircraft of the pre-war period.

Due to the wartime priority of Rolls-Royce Merlin development and production, the Peregrine saw limited use and was cancelled with only 301 engines being built.
Error analysis for the Global Positioning System
The error analysis for the Global Positioning System is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude of error should be expected. The GPS makes corrections for receiver clock errors and other effects but there are still residual errors which are not corrected. GPS receiver position is computed based on data received from the satellites. Errors depend on geometric dilution of precision and the sources listed in the table below.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Acre Bible
The Acre Bible is a partial Old French version of the Old Testament, containing both new and revised translations of 15 canonical and 4 deuterocanonical books, plus a prologue and glosses. The books are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, Judith, Esther, Job, Tobit, Proverbs, 1 and 2 Maccabees and Ruth. It is an early and somewhat rough vernacular translation. Its version of Job is the earliest vernacular translation in Western Europe.

The earliest preserved copy—a deluxe illuminated manuscript—was produced in Acre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1250 and 1254 for King Louis IX of France. Two other full copies are known (one illuminated), plus a complete translation into Old Occitan. Portions of the same version are found in two other manuscripts (one illuminated) and a fragment. The fully illuminated copies are masterpieces of Crusader art.

Hugo Buchthal
Hugo Buchthal (August 11, 1909 – November 10, 1996) was a German-Jewish art historian, best known for his standard work Miniature Painting in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1957).

He studied at the Warburg Institute in Germany, emigrating in 1934 when it moved to London. From 1965 he held positions in the USA.