hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Alphabet Cipher
"The Alphabet Cipher" was a brief study published by Lewis Carroll in 1868, describing how to use the alphabet to send encrypted codes. It was one of four ciphers he invented between 1858 and 1868, and one of two polyalphabetic ciphers he devised during that period and used to write letters to his friends.

It describes what is known as a Vigenère cipher, a well-known scheme in cryptography. While Carroll calls this cipher "unbreakable", Friedrich Kasiski had already published in 1863 a volume describing how to break such ciphers and Charles Babbage had secretly found ways to break polyalphabetic ciphers in the previous decade during the Crimean War.

The piece begins with a tabula recta.

Polyalphabetic cipher
A polyalphabetic cipher is a substitution, using multiple substitution alphabets. The Vigenère cipher is probably the best-known example of a polyalphabetic cipher, though it is a simplified special case.  The Enigma machine is more complex but is still fundamentally a polyalphabetic substitution cipher.
Bay of Campeche
The Bay of Campeche (Spanish: Bahía de Campeche), or Campeche Sound, is a bight in the southern area of the Gulf of Mexico, forming the north side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It is surrounded on three sides by the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz. The area of the bay is 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2) and maximum depth of the bay is approximately 180 feet (55 m). It was named by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba and Antón de Alaminos during their expedition in 1517.

Isthmus of Tehuantepec
The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Spanish pronunciation: [tewanteˈpek]) is an isthmus in Mexico. It represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Before the opening of the Panama Canal, it was a major overland transport route known simply as the Tehuantepec Route. The name is taken from the town of Santo Domingo Tehuantepec in the state of Oaxaca; this was derived from the Nahuatl term Tēcuāntepēc ("jaguar mountain").
Triloculina
Triloculina is a genus of foraminifera in the order Miliolida, included in the Quinqueloculininae. The test has three chambers, each a half coil in length. Early chambers, at least in the microspheric generation, in quinqueloculinan arrangement, later becoming triloculine with successive chambers added in planes 120 degrees apart. Only the final three chambers are visible externally. The aperture is terminal, at the end of the final chamber, with a bifid tooth in adult forms.  As with the entire order, the test is composed of imperforate, porcelaneous calcite.

The Pliocene to Recent Cruciloculina is very similar, except for having a different aperture, and is a likely derivative.

Miliolida
The Miliolida are an order of foraminifera with calcareous, porcelacous tests that are imperforate and commonly have a pseudochitinous lining.  Tests are composed of randomly oriented calcite needles that have a high proportion of magnesium along with organic material. Tests lack pores and generally have multiple chambers.

Miliolids, which range from the Carboniferous to recent, are benthic Foraminifera abundant in shallow waters such as in estuaries and along coastlines, though they also include deepwater oceanic forms.
Colman House
The Colman House is a historic house in Diller, Nebraska. It was built in 1908-1909 for Andrew Colman and his wife, Lillie Osborne. It was designed by architect William F. Gernandt as a rectangular house with Queen Anne features. Colman was a landowner, and the president of the Citizens State Bank in Diller. He hired Charles Hansen and James Willer of Hansen & Willer to paint the walls and ceilings in 1912. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 25, 1982.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Nebraska.  It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Nebraska, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 15 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
Patricia Cutts
Patricia Cutts (20 July 1926 – 6 September 1974) was an English film and television actress. She was the first person to portray the character of Blanche Hunt in ITV soap opera Coronation Street, appearing in two episodes.

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series created, hosted and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, airing on CBS and NBC, alternately, between 1955 and 1965. It features dramas, thrillers, and mysteries. In 1962, it was renamed The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Hitchcock directed only 17 episodes during its run.

By the time the show premiered on October 2, 1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. In the 21st century, Time magazine named Alfred Hitchcock Presents as one of "The 100 Best TV Shows of All Time". The Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, tying it with Monty Python's Flying Circus, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it 18th on its list of 30 Best Horror TV Shows of All Time.
Placolecis kunmingensis
Placolecis kunmingensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in Yunnan, China. The lichen is characterised by a thallus that is areolate to squamulose in its centre, forming irregular patches or clumps 10–50 mm wide, as well as its ellipsoid or spherical ascospores with slightly thickened wall.

Catillariaceae
The Catillariaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. Species of this family have a widespread distribution, especially in temperate areas. The family contains five genera and about 130 species, most of which form crusty growths tightly attached to rocks, bark, or soil.
Hadi Choopan
Hadi Choopan (Persian: هادی چوپان; also Romanized as Hādi Chupān; born September 26, 1987), known by his nickname "The Persian Wolf", is an Iranian professional bodybuilder who competes in the men's open bodybuilding division in the IFBB Pro League. Known for his legs and conditioning, Choopan is a former Mr. Olympia, having won the title in the 2022 Mr. Olympia competition.

Born in Abnow, Fars, Choopan developed an interest in bodybuilding at an early age. In 2005, he won his first national title. He won the WBPF Asia Championships in 2013 and had continued success at the IFBB World Bodybuilding Championships in 2013, 2014, and 2015. He made his Mr. Olympia debut in 2019, placing third and winning the People's Champion Award at the show for the first time. In 2022, he became the first Iranian competitor to win the Mr. Olympia contest. In 2024, he won the Arnold Classic and the Arnold Classic UK.

2020 Mr. Olympia
The 2020 Mr. Olympia contest was a weekend-long IFBB Pro League professional bodybuilding competition that was held on December 15 to 20, 2020, in Orlando, Florida. Initially meant to be held at the Planet Hollywood Las Vegas, the tournament was later moved to Orlando, due to local restrictions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first Olympia to be held outside Las Vegas in two decades.

This was the 56th Mr. Olympia competition celebrated. The weekend competition is also known as the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness and Performance Weekend. While the main event was the competition for the title of Mr. Olympia, several other events were held which includes the Amateur competition and fan pavilion.
2010 Little League World Series
The 2010 Little League World Series was held in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. It began on August 20 and ended on August 29. Eight teams from the United States and eight from throughout the world competed in the 64th edition of the Little League World Series. In the championship game, the international champions from Tokyo, Japan, defeated the United States champions from Waipahu, Hawaii. It was the seventh championship for Japan overall, and the first since 2003.

Activision released a video game in advance of the event, Little League World Series Baseball 2010.

2003 Little League World Series
The 2003 Little League World Series took place between August 15 and August 24 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Musashi-Fuchu Little League of Tokyo, Japan, defeated the East Boynton Beach Little League of Boynton Beach, Florida, in the championship game of the 57th Little League World Series.
1894 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1894 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team representing Princeton University as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team compiled an 8–2 record, shut out six of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 208 to 44. Thomas Trenchard was the team captain.

There was no contemporaneous system in 1894 for determining a national champion. However, Princeton was retroactively named as the national champion by one selector, the Houlgate System. Most of the other selectors chose Yale (16–0 record) as the national champion for 1894. Yale also defeated Princeton in head-to-head competition.

Two Princeton players, tackle Langdon Lea and guard Art Wheeler, were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1894 All-America team.  Lea and Wheeler were both later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Art Wheeler
Arthur Ledlie Wheeler  (May 12, 1872 – December 20, 1917) was an American college football player.  He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1969.

A severely injured Wheeler was historically photographed along with two other Princeton University students from the aftermath of a snowball fight in 1893.
Hedvig Taube
Hedvig Ulrika Taube (31 October 1714 – 11 February 1744), also Countess von Hessenstein, was a Swedish courtier and countess, a countess of the Holy Roman Empire, and royal mistress to king Frederick I of Sweden from 1731 to 1744. She and Sophie Hagman are the only two official royal mistresses in Swedish history.

Arvid Horn
Count Arvid Bernhard Horn af Ekebyholm (6 April 1664 – 18 April 1742) was a Swedish general, diplomat and politician, a member of the noble Horn family. He served twice as president of the privy council chancellery (1710–1719 and 1720–1738) and was one of the leading figures of the Swedish Age of Liberty.
Rail transport in Azerbaijan
Rail transport in Azerbaijan is operated by the national state-owned railway company Azerbaijan Railways (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Dəmir Yolları). The railway network consists of 2,918 km (1,813 mi), its gauge is 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) (Russian broad gauge), 815 km (506 mi) are double track and 1,272 km (790 mi) are electrified at 3 kV (3,000 V) DC.

Railways take up 16.7% of Azerbaijan's freight traffic flows. Throughout 2005–2009, a massive railway modernization program was initiated. Expansions costing $795 million were announced in 2012 to respond to the growing demand for rail transport in the country. Stadler Rail and local partner International Railway Distribution LLC announced the formation of a 51:49 joint venture on July 17, 2014.

Ələt
Ələt (also known as, Älät, Aliat, Aljat, Aliaty, Alyat, Alyat-Pristan’, Alyati-Pristan’, Alyaty, and Alyaty-Pristan’) is a settlement and municipality in Baku, Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 12,765.  The municipality consists of the settlements of Ələt, Pirsaat, Baş Ələt, Yeni Ələt, Qarakosa, Kotal, and Şıxlar. It is the nearest settlement to the Port of Baku, which was greatly expanded in 2018 to move cargo operations from the city of Baku, lying 70 km to the north.
S. G. Subramanian
S. G. Subramanian was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Sattur constituency in the 2016.

He was one of the 18 members who were disqualified by Speaker P. Dhanapal as they withdrew support to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and became loyal to rebel leader T.T.V. Dhinakaran and joined his party Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam.

T. T. V. Dhinakaran
Thiruthuraipoondi Thiruvenkatam Vivekananda Dhinakaran (born 13 December 1963) is an Indian politician who popularly known as TTV is founding General Secretary of Amma Makkal Munneetra Kazhagam. His cadres revered him as Makkal Selvar. In the past he was the Treasurer of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Party and served as the Member of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. He was expelled from the AIADMK in August 2017. He also served as former Member of the 15th Tamil Nadu Assembly from Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar (2017-2021). He is the nephew of V. K. Sasikala. He won the highly anticipated RK Nagar by-election in December 2017. On 15 March 2018 Dhinakaran launched his political party named Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam.
Buckeye–Woodhill
Buckeye–Woodhill is a neighborhood on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It borders the neighborhoods of University Circle and Fairfax to the north, Kinsman to the west, Buckeye–Shaker to the east, and Mount Pleasant to the south. Once a predominantly Hungarian neighborhood, its population is today largely African American. Formerly known as Woodland Hills, it is politically part of Cleveland's Ward 6.

Fairfax, Cleveland
Fairfax is a neighborhood on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is roughly bounded between Euclid Avenue to the north, Woodland Avenue to the south, E. 71st Street to the west and E. 105th Street to the east. Fairfax is located on the edge of University Circle, an area containing Cleveland's major educational institutions and museums. The Karamu House is on the National Register of Historic places and is the nation's oldest African-American theater. The northeastern quadrant of Fairfax, along Euclid Avenue to 105th Street, is dominated by the Cleveland Clinic.
Line Rider
Line Rider is a browser game or software toy, with versions available for Microsoft Silverlight, JavaScript, Windows, and Flash. It was originally created in September 2006 by Boštjan Čadež (also known as "fšk"), a Slovenian student. Soon after its initial appearance on DeviantArt, Line Rider became an internet phenomenon.

Line Rider received coverage from several outlets, such as Yahoo! and Time Magazine, and appeared in several McDonald's commercials for the Snack Wrap in 2008. Line Rider was also selected by staff and voted by Jay is Games users to be the Best Webtoy of 2006. A two-page article about the game was published in Games for Windows: The Official Magazine.

Non-game
Non-games are a class of software on the border between video games and toys. The term "non-game game" was coined by late Nintendo president Satoru Iwata, who describes it as "a form of entertainment that really doesn't have a winner, or even a real conclusion". Will Wright had previously used the term "software toy" for the same purpose.: 11, 412  The main difference between non-games and traditional video games is the lack of structured goals, objectives, and challenges. This allows the player a greater degree of self-expression through freeform play, since they can set up their own goals to achieve. Some genres that have been considered non-games include language-learning software, digital tabletop games, simulation video games, and art games.
2nd Parliament of South Australia
The 2nd Parliament of South Australia was a meeting of the legislative branch of the South Australian state government, composed of the South Australian Legislative Council and the South Australian House of Assembly.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Levan Papava
Levan Papava (Georgian: ლევან პაპავა, born 2 November 1993) is a Georgian footballer who plays as a forward for Erovnuli Liga club Samgurali.

He is the four-time best goalscorer of the Erovnuli Liga 2 with three different clubs.

2022 Erovnuli Liga 2
The 2022 Erovnuli Liga 2 was the sixth season under its current title and the 34th season of second-tier football in Georgia. The four-round competition began on 1 March and ended on 2 December with playoffs completed on 12 December.
Sámi institutional symbols
Sámi institutional symbols are of relatively new origin, as the Sámi political institutions themselves are quite new. The symbols generally draw inspiration from old ornamental traditions such as duodji and the "runes" of the traditional shaman's drums. The symbols generally don't follow the rules of tincture, as the "Sámi colours" are traditionally placed colour on colour (rather than colour on metal and vice versa).

Sámi politics
Sámi politics refers to politics that concern the Sámi ethnic group in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. In a more narrow sense, it has come to indicate the government of Sámi affairs by Sámi political institutions. This article deals with Sámi political structures, with an emphasis on the contemporary institutions.
Angermund
Angermund (German pronunciation: [ˈaŋɐmʊnt]) is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. Angermund is the northernmost part of Düsseldorf, neighbouring to Kalkum, Kaiserswerth, Ratingen and Duisburg. Having the second largest income in Düsseldorf, it provides a home to many corporate managers and foreign, mainly American, British and Dutch employees. Angermund has an area of 13.29 km2 (5.13 sq mi), and 6,746 inhabitants (2020), population density 506 inhabitants per km2.

Kaiserswerth
Kaiserswerth (German: [ˌkaɪzɐsˈveːɐ̯t]) is one of the oldest quarters of the City of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. It is in the north of the city and next to the river Rhine. It houses the Kaiserwerth Deaconesses' Institute where Florence Nightingale worked. 
Kaiserswerth has an area of 4.80 km2 (1.85 sq mi), and 7,923 inhabitants (2020).
Marduk-bel-zeri
Marduk-bēl-zēri, inscribed in cuneiform as  dAMAR.UTU.EN.NUMUN or mdŠID.EN.[x] and meaning 'Marduk (is) lord of descendants (lit. seed)', was one of the kings of Babylon during the turmoil following the Assyrian invasions of Šamši-Adad V (ca. 824 – 811 BC). He is identified on a Synchronistic King List fragment as Marduk-[bēl]-x, which gives his place in the sequence and reigned around the beginning of the 8th century BC. He was a rather obscure monarch and the penultimate predecessor of Erība-Marduk who was to restore order after years of chaos.

Eriba-Marduk
Erība-Marduk, inscribed mri-ba [dAMAR.UTU], was the king of Babylon, very speculatively ca. 769 – 761 BC. He was one of three Chaldaean tribal leaders to occupy the Babylonian throne during the course of the 8th century and would be looked back as the ancestor figure during future reigns of members of this group. A member of the Bīt-Yakin tribe, who was later to be given the title "re-establisher of the foundation(s) of the land," he was credited with restoring stability to the country after years of turmoil.
Pleven Province
43°25′N 24°40′E﻿ / ﻿43.417°N 24.667°E﻿ / 43.417; 24.667

Pleven Province (Bulgarian: Област Плевен or Плевенска Област) is a province located in central northern Bulgaria, bordering the Danube river, Romania and the Bulgarian provinces of Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. It is divided into 11 subdivisions, called municipalities, that embrace a territory of 4,653.32 km2 (1,796.66 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 269 752 inhabitants. The province's capital is the city of Pleven.

Romani people in Bulgaria
Romani people in Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Ромите в България, romanized: Romite v Bǎlgariya; Romani: Romane ando Bulgariya) constitute Europe's densest Romani minority. The Romani people in Bulgaria may speak Bulgarian, Turkish or Romani, depending on the region.
Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Menallen Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 4,095 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 4,205 tabulated in 2010. The Uniontown Area School District serves the region.

The township is named after an older variant spelling of Moyallen, County Down, now in Northern Ireland.

Waltersburg, Keisterville, Upper Middletown, Searights, Buffington, New Salem, Haddenville, Shamrock, Upper Peanut, Lower Peanut, Dearth, Rocks Works, Newboro, and portions of Smock and Balsinger are located in this township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Bogdan Guskov
Bogdan Vladimirovich Guskov (born 12 September 1992) is an Uzbek professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of 27 January 2026, he is #9 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.

Light heavyweight (MMA)
The light heavyweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes.

The UFC's light heavyweight ranges from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg).

The ONE Championship's light heavyweight division (also known as cruiserweight) has an upper limit of 102.1 kg (225.1 lb).

The Road FC's light heavyweight division places the upper limit at 205 lb (93 kg).

The Misfits MMA's light heavyweight division uses the boxing light heavyweight format. (175 Ib limit).

Light heavyweight is a weight class in mixed martial arts, which generally refers to competitors weighing from 186 to 205 lb (84 to 93 kg). It sits between the lighter middleweight division, and the heavyweight division. The light heavyweight limit, as defined by the Nevada State Athletic Commission and the Association of Boxing Commissions is 206 lb (93 kg).
2020 Ardèche Classic
The 2020 Faun-Ardèche Classic was the 20th edition of the Classic Sud-Ardèche cycle race. It was held on 29 February 2020 as a category 1.Pro race on the 2020 UCI Europe Tour and UCI ProSeries. The race started and finished in Guilherand-Granges. The race was won by Rémi Cavagna of Deceuninck–Quick-Step.

2020 UCI ProSeries
The 2020 UCI ProSeries is the inaugural season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The 2020 season initially consisted of 58 events of which 31 are one-day races (1.Pro) and 27 are stage races (2.Pro). There are 50 events in Europe, 5 in Asia, and 3 in America. The new calendar, which was presented in mid-May, consists of 29 events.