hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS G. P. Griffith
SS G. P. Griffith was a passenger steamer that burned and sank on Lake Erie on 17 June 1850, resulting in the loss of between 241 and 289 lives.: 54   The destruction of the G. P. Griffith was the greatest loss of life on the Great Lakes up to that point, and remains the third-greatest today, after the Eastland in 1915 and the Lady Elgin in 1860.

SS Eastland
SS Eastland was a passenger ship based in Chicago. On July 24, 1915, the ship capsized while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. In total, 844 passengers and crew were killed in what is the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.

After the disaster, Eastland was salvaged and sold to the United States Navy. After restorations and modifications, Eastland was designated a gunboat and renamed USS Wilmette. She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes, and was scrapped after World War II.
GHP formalism
The GHP formalism (or Geroch–Held–Penrose formalism), also known as the compacted spin-coefficient formalism, is a technique used in the mathematics of general relativity that involves singling out a pair of null directions at each point of spacetime. It is a rewriting of the Newman–Penrose formalism which respects the covariance of Lorentz transformations preserving two null directions. This is desirable for Petrov Type D spacetimes, including black holes in general relativity, where there is a preferred pair of degenerate principal null directions but no natural additional structure to fully fix a preferred Newman–Penrose (NP) frame.

Mathematics of general relativity
When studying and formulating Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, various mathematical structures and techniques are utilized. The main tools used in this geometrical theory of gravitation are tensor fields defined on a Lorentzian manifold representing spacetime. This article is a general description of the mathematics of general relativity.

Note: General relativity articles using tensors will use the abstract index notation.
2017 BWF Super Series
The 2017 BWF Super Series, officially known as 2017 Metlife BWF Super Series for sponsorship reasons, was the eleventh season of the BWF Super Series of badminton. It was replaced by the BWF World Tour from the 2018 season.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Aulus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus
Aulus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 405, 402 and 397 BC.

Manlius belonged to the Manlia gens, one of the oldest patrician gentes of the Republic. Manlius' father, taken from filiations, was named Aulus which would identify him as Aulus Manlius Vulso, decemviri 451 BC, or another otherwise unattested individual. His grandfather was most likely Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, consul 480 BC but can also have been Gnaeus Manlius Vulso, consul 474 BC. Quintus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, consular tribune 396 BC, and Titus Manlius Vulso Capitolinus were his brothers. Publius Manlius Capitolinus, dictator 368 BC, and Lucius Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, dictator 363 BC, seem to be the sons of Manlius based on their filiations.

Battle of Veii
42°01′26″N 12°24′5″E﻿ / ﻿42.02389°N 12.40139°E﻿ / 42.02389; 12.40139

The battle of Veii, also known as the siege of Veii, involved ancient Rome, and is approximately dated at 396 BC. The main source about it is Livy's Ab Urbe Condita.

The battle of Veii was the final battle between the Romans, who were led by Marcus Furius Camillus, who had been elected dictator, and the Etruscan city of Veii. Veii had resisted the Romans in a long and inconclusive war with victories and defeats on both sides. The Romans besieged Veii and dug a tunnel beneath the city. Camillus attacked the city on all sides so as to distract the Veientines. The Romans then emerged from the tunnel and their forces quickly overwhelmed Veii.
KPNT
KPNT (105.7 FM, "105-7 The Point") is a commercial radio station licensed to Collinsville, Illinois, and broadcasting to Greater St. Louis. It mainly airs a modern rock radio format, with some elements of active rock. It is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting.

KPNT has studios and offices in Creve Coeur (with a St. Louis address). The transmitter is off Mackenzie Road in Shrewsbury, just outside the St. Louis city limits, on a tower used by numerous local TV and FM stations.  KPNT broadcasts in HD, and similar to their primary channel, KPNT's HD2 sub-channel feature a replay of sports radio "The Morning After STL".

Hubbard Broadcasting
Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc. is an American television and radio broadcasting corporation based in St. Paul, Minnesota. It was founded by Stanley E. Hubbard.

The corporation has broadcast outlets scattered across Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, New York, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Washington, Florida, and Washington, D.C. KSTP radio, KSTP-FM, KTMY, KSTP-TV, and KSTC-TV, which serve the Twin Cities region of Minnesota and western Wisconsin, are regarded as the company's legacy flagship stations.
Jody Toor
Jody Toor MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the electoral district of Langley-Willowbrook since 2024. She is a member of the Conservative Party.

College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia
The College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia is a regulatory college which regulates the practice of medicine in British Columbia. The primary function of the college is to ensure that physicians are qualified, competent and fit to practise medicine. The college administers processes for responding to complaints from patients and for taking action if a physician is practising in a manner that is incompetent, unethical or illegal.

All physicians who practise medicine in British Columbia must be registered with the college.

The college also administers quality assurance and accreditation programs to ensure that every physician in the province is practising according to professional standards and that all of BC's diagnostic and private medical and surgical facilities are accredited.
Joshua Friedel
Joshua E. Friedel (born December 3, 1986) is an American chess player with the FIDE title of Grandmaster. He was the U.S. Open Champion in 2013. He has had notable wins against GMs Hikaru Nakamura, Boris Gulko, Ben Finegold, Timur Gareyev, and Gregory Serper.

Boris Gulko
Boris Franzevich Gulko (Russian: Борис Францевич Гулько, IPA: [bɐˈrʲiz ɡʊlʲˈko]; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American Grandmaster in chess. Notably, he is the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and one of the few players with a plus score against Garry Kasparov.
Fine-tuned universe
The fine-tuned universe is the hypothesis that, because "life as we know it" could not exist if the constants of nature—such as the electron charge or the gravitational constant—had been even slightly different, the universe must be tuned specifically for life. In practice, this hypothesis is formulated in terms of dimensionless physical constants.

Victor J. Stenger
Victor John Stenger (/ˈstɛŋɡər/; January 29, 1935 – August 25, 2014) was an American particle physicist, philosopher, author, and religious skeptic.

Following a career as a research scientist in the field of particle physics, Stenger was associated with New Atheism and he authored popular science books. He published twelve books for general audiences on physics, quantum mechanics, cosmology, philosophy, religion, atheism, and pseudoscience, including the 2007 best-seller God: The Failed Hypothesis: How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist. His final book was God and the Multiverse: Humanity's Expanding View of the Cosmos (2014). He was a regular featured science columnist for the Huffington Post.

An advocate for removing the influence of religion from scientific research, commercial activity, and the political process, Stenger coined the quote: "Science flies you to the moon. Religion flies you into buildings" (a reference to the September 11 attacks).
Tokyo subway
Two major subway systems (Japanese: 地下鉄, Hepburn: chikatetsu) operate in Tokyo: the Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway. Most of the network is located in the 23 special wards, with portions extending into Chiba and Saitama Prefectures. The subways are one part of Greater Tokyo's passenger rail network, with through service further connecting the subway to suburban railways in Western Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.

Tōyoko Line
The Tōyoko Line (東横線, Tōyoko-sen; Japanese pronunciation: [toː.jo.ko.seɴ]) is a major railway line connecting Tokyo (Shibuya) to Yokohama. The line is owned and operated by the private railway operator Tokyu Corporation. The name of the line, Tōyoko (東横; [toː.jo.ko]), is a combination of the first characters of Tōkyō (東京; [toː.kjoː]) and Yokohama (横浜; [jo.ko.ha.ma]), and is the main line of the Tokyu network. The section between Den-en-chofu and Hiyoshi Station is a quadruple track corridor with the Tōkyū Meguro Line.
Bhander Plateau
The Bhander Plateau is a plateau in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It has an area of 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi). It links the Deccan Plateau to the south with the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Chota Nagpur Plateau to the north and east respectively. The plateau is part of the Vindhya Range in central India.

A series of plateaus runs along the Kaimur Range. These fluvial plateaus, consists of a series of descending plateaus, starting with the Panna Plateau in the west, followed by Bhander Plateau and Rewa Plateau and ending with Rohtas Plateau in the east.

Chota Nagpur Plateau
The Chota Nagpur Plateau (IPA: [t͡ʃʰoːʈaː naːɡpʊɾ]) is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh,  Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar. The Indo-Gangetic Plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi).
Louis Essen
Louis Essen OBE FRS (6 September 1908 – 24 August 1997) was an English physicist whose most notable achievements were in the precise measurement of time and the determination of the speed of light.  He was a critic of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, particularly as it related to time dilation.

Second
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day, first into hours, then into minutes, and lastly into seconds, for a total of 24 × 60 × 60 = 86,400 seconds per day. The definition that is based on 1⁄86400 of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system.

The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:

The second [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.

This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation.
Martin Schechter (epidemiologist)
Martin T. Schechter CM OBC (born December 16, 1951) is a Canadian epidemiologist recognized for contributions to research about  HIV  prevention and treatments, addiction research, and Indigenous health research. He is a professor and was the founding director of the School of Population and Public Health in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Schechter received his Order of British Columbia in 1994 alongside BC's first Nobel Prize laureate Michael Smith and noted Indigenous artist Bill Reid. In 2022, Schechter was named as a Member of the Order of Canada.

Bill Reid
William Ronald Reid Jr. OBC RCA (12 January 1920 – 13 March 1998) also known as Iljuwas, was a Haida artist whose works include jewelry, sculpture, screen-printing, and paintings. Producing over one thousand original works during his fifty-year career, Reid is regarded as one of the most significant Northwest Coast artists of the late twentieth century. The Bill Reid Gallery of Northwest Coast Art celebrates his legacy through the curation of contemporary Indigenous art.

Reid was a matrilineal descendant of K'aadaas Gaa K'iigawaay, who belong to Ḵayx̱al, the Raven matrilineages of the Haida Nation. This matrilineage traces its origins to T'aanuu Llnagaay. His names are Iljuuwas (Princely One), Kihlguulins (One Who Speaks Well), and Yaahl SG̱waansing (Solitary Raven).

Some of his major works were featured on the Canadian $20 banknote of the Canadian Journey series (2004–2012).
Quarks (TV series)
Quarks is a German television programme produced by WDR. It was first broadcast in Germany on 14 April 1993. The regularly broadcast 45-minute science journalism program is primarily aimed at children aged eight and over, but also appeals to many adults because of the humorous tone of the presenters. Over the course of the show's history, Ranga Yogeshwar, Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim, and Florence Randrianarisoa have presented the show.

WDR Fernsehen
WDR Fernsehen is a German free-to-air television network owned and operated by Westdeutscher Rundfunk and serving North Rhine-Westphalia. It is one of the seven regional "third programmes" television stations that are offered within the federal ARD network.
Captaincy General of Yucatán
The Province of Yucatán (/ˌjuːkəˈtɑːn, -ˈtæn/ YOO-kə-TA(H)N, UK also /ˌjʊk-/ YUU-; Spanish: Provincia de Yucatán [pɾoˈβinsja ðe ʝukaˈtan]), or the Captaincy General, Governorate, Intendancy, or Kingdom of Yucatán, was a first order administrative subdivision of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in the Yucatán Peninsula.

Ekab
Ekab or Ecab was the name of a Mayan chiefdom of the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century.
In the fifteenth century most of Yucatán was controlled by the League of Mayapan. By 1441 there was civil unrest. The provinces of the League rebelled and formed sixteen smaller states.
These states were called Kuchkabals. Most Kuchkabals were ruled by a Halach Uinik, but Ekab wasn't. It was divided up into several Batabil. Each Batabil  was ruled over by a leader called a Batab. In Ekab the Batabs were supposed to have equal power, but the Batabs on Cozumel had much more power than the others.
Peisander of Laranda
Peisander or Pisander of Laranda (/paɪˈsændər, ˈpaɪˌsændər/; Ancient Greek: Πείσανδρος ὁ Λαρανδινός, Peísandros ho Larandinós) was a Greek poet who flourished during the reign of Alexander Severus (222–235 AD). He wrote a sixty-book epic called the Heroikai Theogamiai (Ἡρωικαὶ θεογαμίαι, "Heroic Marriages of the Gods") which, like the poetry of his father Nestor of Laranda, appears to have influenced Nonnus' Dionysiaca. Peisander's poem, of which only small fragments survive as quotations in other authors, amounted to "a comprehensive epic on world history". Among the extant fragments, there is mention of Io, Cadmus and the Argonauts, but the most significant fragment is the testimony of Macrobius that states that Peisander's history of the world began from the marriage of Zeus and Hera.

Nonnus
Nonnus of Panopolis (Ancient Greek: Νόννος ὁ Πανοπολίτης, Nónnos ho Panopolítēs, fl. 5th century AD) was the most notable Greek epic poet of the Imperial Roman era. He was a native of Panopolis (Akhmim) in the Egyptian Thebaid and probably lived in the 5th century AD. He is known as the composer of the Dionysiaca, an epic tale of the god Dionysus, and of the Metabole, a paraphrase of the Gospel of John. The epic Dionysiaca describes the life of Dionysus, his expedition to India, and his triumphant return. It was written in Homeric Greek and in dactylic hexameter, and it consists of 48 books at 20,426 lines.
MetroWest Medical Center
MetroWest Medical Center is a teaching hospital in Framingham and Natick, Massachusetts.

It is the largest health care provider in the MetroWest region between Boston and Worcester. MWMC was formed by the 1992 merger of two hospitals in neighboring towns: Framingham Union Hospital and Natick's Leonard Morse Hospital; the two hospitals have a combined capacity of 302 beds.  It was acquired by Columbia/HCA in 1996; Tenet Health Systems in 1999; Vanguard Health Systems in 2009; and once again Tenet Healthcare Corp. in 2013 when Tenet acquired Vanguard. MWMC also operates an outpatient diagnostic and rehabilitation facility, MetroWest Wellness Center, in Framingham. MetroWest is affiliated with the Tufts Children's Hospital.

Natick, Massachusetts
Natick (/ˈneɪtɪk/ NAY-tik) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the center of the MetroWest region of Massachusetts, with a population of 37,006 at the 2020 census. 10 miles (16 km) west of Boston, Natick is part of the Greater Boston area. Massachusetts's center of population was in Natick at the censuses of 2000–2020, most recently in the vicinity of Hunters Lane.
Oppeliinae
Oppeliinae is a subfamily within the Oppeliidae family of Jurassic ammonites. These ammonites are characterized by their predominantly oxyconic forms, compressed with sharp venters in adults and keeled inner whorls. The sutures are complex, consisting of a long series of evenly graded lobes and saddles with finely frilled endings.

Oppeliinae gave rise to the Hecticoceratinae during the early Bathonian stage, near the middle of their range, and to the Taramelliceratinae during the late Callovian. The Taramelliceratinae, in turn, gave rise to the Streblitinae in the early Kimmeridgian and to the Haploceratidae in the late Kimmeridgian.

Oppeliinae has a worldwide distribution dating back to the Middle Jurassic, with the exception of Boreal regions.

Streblitinae
Streblitinae is a subfamily of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ammonites within the family Oppeliidae characterized by compressed, involute shells; typically oxycones with complex sutures. Includes Streblites,  Pseudoppelia, and  Substreblites. Derivation is from the Taramelliceratinae.  May have given rise to the Aconiceratinade.
Ricfried
Ricfried was Bishop of Utrecht between 806 and 815/816.

It is suspected that he was related to his successors Frederick, Alberik II, Ludger and Balderic. Nothing is known about his reign. He was buried in the St. Salvator Church in Utrecht.

Ludger
Ludger (Latin: Ludgerus; also Lüdiger or Liudger) (c. 742 – 26 March 809) was a missionary among the Frisians and Saxons, founder of Werden Abbey and the first Bishop of Münster in Westphalia. He has been called the "Apostle of Saxony".
(33342) 1998 WT24
(33342) 1998 WT24 is a bright, sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) of the Aten group, located in Venus's zone of influence that has frequent close encounters with Mercury, Venus, and Earth. It made a close approach to Earth on 11 December 2015, passing at a distance of about 4.2 million kilometers (2.6 million miles, 11 lunar distances) and reaching about apparent magnitude 11.

The asteroid was discovered on 25 November 1998 by LINEAR about four months after a close encounter with the planet Mercury (about 0.047 AU). It measures approximately 400 meters in diameter. It is also one of the best studied PHAs and was the 10th Aten asteroid to be numbered.

Aten asteroid
The Aten asteroids are a dynamical group of asteroids whose orbits bring them into proximity with Earth. By definition, Atens are Earth-crossing asteroids (a < 1.0 AU and Q > 0.983 AU). The group is named after 2062 Aten, the first of its kind, discovered on 7 January 1976 by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory. As of January 2025, 2,966 Atens have been discovered, of which 271 are numbered, 14 are named, and 197 are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids.
The Deep South (Futurama)
"The Deep South" is the twelfth episode in the  second season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 25th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 16, 2000.

Futurama season 2
The second season of Futurama began airing on November 21, 1999 and concluded after 19 episodes on December 3, 2000.  Halfway through the season on February 6, 2000, Fox moved the show from its original timeslot of 8:30pm (following The Simpsons) to 7pm.  At this time, the show lost half of its viewers.

The original 72-episode run of Futurama was produced as four seasons; Fox broadcast the episodes out of the intended order, resulting in five aired seasons.

This list features the episodes in original production order, as featured on the DVD box sets.

The full nineteen episodes of the season have been released on a box set called Futurama: Volume Two, on DVD and VHS. It was first released in the United Kingdom on November 11, 2002, with releases in other regions in 2003. The season was re-released as Futurama: Volume 2, with entirely different packaging to match the newer seasons released on July 17, 2012.
2012 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The 2012 European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships took place in Solkan, Slovenia from 6 to 9 September 2012 under the auspices of the European Canoe Association (ECA). It was the 14th edition of the competition for Juniors (U18) and the 10th edition for the Under 23 category. A total of 19 medal events took place. No medals were awarded for the junior women's C1 team event due to low number of participating countries.

European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships
The European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships is an annual international canoeing and kayaking event organized by the European Canoe Association (ECA). The Junior Championships were first held in 1995 and then every two years until 2003. The Under-23 Championships were first held in 2002 as part of the senior championships that year. Since 2004 the junior and U23 age categories are held annually together as part of the same event. Athletes under the age of 18 are eligible for the junior category.