hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of sound recording
The history of sound recording - which has progressed in waves, driven by the invention and commercial introduction of new technologies — can be roughly divided into four main periods:

The Acoustic era (1877–1925)

The Electrical era (1925–1945)

The Magnetic era (1945–1975)

The Digital era (1975–present)

Experiments in capturing sound on a recording medium for preservation and reproduction began in earnest during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s. Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Digital recording emerged in the late 20th century and has since flourished with the popularity of digital music and online streaming services.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Plant genetic resources
Plant genetic resources describe the variability within plants that comes from human and natural selection over millennia. Their intrinsic value mainly concerns agricultural crops (crop biodiversity).

According to the 1983 revised International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), plant genetic resources are defined as the entire generative and vegetative reproductive material of species with economical and/or social value, especially for the agriculture of the present and the future, with special emphasis on nutritional plants.

In the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (1998) the FAO defined Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) as the diversity of genetic material contained in traditional varieties and modern cultivars as well as crop wild relatives and other wild plant species that can be used now or in the future for food and agriculture.

Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement
An Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABSA) is an agreement that defines the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. ABSAs typically arise in relation to bioprospecting where indigenous knowledge is used to focus screening efforts for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical resources.  ABSAs recognise that bioprospecting frequently relies on indigenous or traditional knowledge, and that people or communities who hold such knowledge are entitled to a share of benefits arising from its commercial utilization.
Birkot HaTorah
Birkot HaTorah (Hebrew: ברכות התורה, 'blessings of the Torah') are blessings concerning the giving of the Torah to Israel that are recited before Torah study during Birkot hashachar of the daily morning prayer service (Shacharit) of Judaism, as mandated by Halakha. According to the Shulkhan Arukh, reciting the blessings is obligatory before studying the Tanakh, Midrash, Mishnah, or Gemara, and it is customary to recite them prior to any Torah study that will be taught that day.

Shacharit
Shacharit [ʃaχaˈʁit] (Hebrew: שַחֲרִית šaḥăriṯ), or Shacharis in Ashkenazi Hebrew, is the morning tefillah (prayer) of Judaism, one of the three daily prayers.

Different traditions identify different primary components of Shacharit. Essentially all agree that pesukei dezimra, the Shema Yisrael and its blessings, and the Amidah are major sections. Some identify the preliminary blessings and readings, as a first, distinct section. Others say that Tachanun is a separate section, as well as the concluding blessings. On certain days, there are additional prayers and services added to shacharit, including Mussaf and a Torah reading.
German Mineralogical Society
The German Mineralogical Society (Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, or DMG, in German) is a non-profit German society for the promotion of mineralogy. It has about 1400 members (2021) and belongs to the International Mineralogical Association and the umbrella organization for geosciences. It was founded at the meeting of German natural scientists and physicians in Cologne in 1908 based on a proposal by Friedrich Martin Berwerth at the 1907 meeting in Dresden.

The current chairman (2021-2022) is the geochemist Friedhelm von Blanckenburg.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Labyrinth walking
Labyrinth walking is a form of active meditation in which one navigates a labyrinth for meditative or therapeutic purposes. Labyrinths for this purpose typically differ from general mazes (which are built to confuse the walker) by providing a safe and partly contained environment for people to walk through as they pray or meditate. Such labyrinths have only one path to follow, which removes the conflict of decision from the journey itself, allowing the walker to focus on their mental activity while engaging in mild physical activity. The modern revival of labyrinth walking as an activity in the United States is largely led by Christian religious leaders and medical therapists.

Dynamic meditation
Dynamic meditation is a form of meditation in which physical actions are involved. The term appeared in the early 1970s when Osho's descriptions of his "Rajneesh Dhyan Yoga," developed at meditation camps in the Indian mountains, were translated into English. His prototypical method is still named "Dynamic Meditation."

The term has come into more general use to describe any approach to meditation that includes movement: examples are Sama and Haḍra among the Sufi mystics, the Gurdjieff movements, in the Dynamic Body Awareness (Conscience corporelle dynamique or Consapevolezza corporea dinamica) created in France by artist and anthropologist Martino Nicoletti and other sacred dances, Qigong and the many exercises developed in Buddhism and Taoism, in India those found in Yoga and Tantra, and the Latihan of Subud.
Kerridge
Kerridge is a village in the civil parish of Bollington, in the Cheshire East district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Kerridge borders the neighbouring village and civil parish of Rainow.

It gives its name to Kerridge Ridge – one of the western foothills of the Pennines – by which it stands. It is overlooked by the local landmark of White Nancy.  The local industries were quarrying and cotton mills, of which remnants remain.

On 29 February 1912, the Macclesfield Canal at Kerridge burst its banks, flooding several nearby streets.

The area served by one pub, Bulls Head, which is owned by Robinsons Brewery.

White Nancy
White Nancy is a structure at the top of Kerridge Hill, overlooking Bollington, Cheshire, England. Since 1966 it has been recorded in the National Heritage List for England (NHLE) as a designated Grade II listed building. Its profile forms the logo for the town of Bollington.
Jeanne Halbwachs
Jeanne Halbwachs Alexandre (née Halbwachs; February 14, 1890 – November 14, 1980) was a French pacifist, feminist and socialist. Remembered as one of the main figures of integral pacifism in the 1930s, she was a leader of the French branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). She was also an educator and literary critic.

Romain Rolland
Romain Rolland (French: [ʁɔmɛ̃ ʁɔlɑ̃]; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings".

He was an admirer of Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, wrote a still relevant biography of Gandhi, and is also noted for his correspondence with numerous writers and thinkers across the globe including Maxim Gorki, Rabindranath Tagore and Sigmund Freud.
Salers cheese
Salers (French pronunciation: [salɛʁ]; Auvergnat: Salèrn) is a French semi-hard cheese originating from Salers, department of Cantal, in the volcanic mountains of the Massif Central, Auvergne, central France. It is a pressed, uncooked cheese, sometimes made from Salers cow's milk (it's then called "Tradition Salers"), between 15 April and 15 November. It is circular in shape, formed in rounds weighing around 40 kilograms (88 lb). The cheese is aged in caves at temperatures ranging from 6–12 °C (43–54 °F) for a minimum of 3 months, and up to 45 months.

Salers de Buron Traditional is only made in stone huts (called burons in the Cantal) in the summer months with milk exclusively from the Salers cow. It must also be made in the traditional wooden gerle.

Auvergnat
Auvergnat (/ˌoʊvɛrnˈjɑː/; French pronunciation: [ovɛʁɲa] ⓘ) or Occitan auvergnat (endonym: auvernhat ) is a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France, in particular in the former administrative region of Auvergne.

Currently, research shows that there is not really a true Auvergnat dialect but rather a vast northern Occitan linguistic area. 
The word "Auvergnat" is above all a local historiographical creation. According to linguist Jean Roux, "It is by simplification that we use this term, because in no case Auvergnat can be considered as an autonomous linguistic entity".

With around 80,000 speakers in the Auvergne region at the beginning of the 21st century, it is considered to be severely endangered.
2019 Open Città della Disfida
The 2019 Open Città della Disfida was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Barletta, Italy between 8 and 14 April 2019.

Open Città della Disfida
The Open Città della Disfida (previously known as the Open Barletta Trofeo Dimiccoli & Borraccino) is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Circolo Tennis Barletta in Barletta, Italy, since 1997.

Aljaž Bedene is the singles record holder on singles titles, while Santiago Ventura and Igor Zelenay are the ones in doubles - all with three titles each.
Miss World Malaysia 2015
Miss World Malaysia 2015, the 49th edition of the Miss World Malaysia pageant, was held at the Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur on August 29, 2015. Dewi Liana Seriestha of Sarawak crowned her successor, Brynn Zalina Lovett from Sabah at the end of the event. The main sponsors for the event was Metrojaya and Corus Hotel while the exclusive sponsor was Wacoal Malaysia.

Twenty contestants from different states competed for the crown. Brynn represented Malaysia at Miss World 2015 held in Sanya, China where she got first runner-up for Miss World Talent, Top 10 in Multimedia Award and Top 12 Dances of the World.

Miss World 2015
Miss World 2015 was the 65th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, Hainan, China, on 19 December 2015. Rolene Strauss of South Africa crowned Mireia Lalaguna of Spain as her successor at the end of the event. It was the first time in the history of Miss World that Spain won the pageant. Since this year, the swimsuit competition (Miss World Beach Beauty) has been officially removed from the pageant.
Petane
Petane (pronounced [pɛˈtaːnɛ]) is a small settlement in the hills southwest of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Novo Mesto
Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔ̀ːʋɔ ˈmèːstɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Novo mesto; also known by alternative names) is the seventh-largest city of Slovenia. It is the economic and cultural centre of the traditional region of Lower Carniola (southeastern Slovenia) and the seat of the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It lies on a bend of the Krka River, close to the border with Croatia.
Sahib I Giray
Sahib I Giray (1501–1551) was Khan of Kazan for three years and Khan of Crimea for nineteen years. His father was the Crimean Khan Meñli I Giray. Sahib was placed on the throne of Kazan by his ambitious brother Mehmed of Crimea and driven out of Kazan by the Russians. He became Khan of Crimea with Ottoman support and was expelled by the Turks for disobedience.  During his reign Crimean troops fought for the Turks and also fought in the North Caucasus. In 1532-1584, during the long reigns of Sahib I Giray, Devlet I Giray and Mehmed II Giray, Crimea was at the height of its power.

Ochakiv
Ochakiv (Ukrainian: Очаків, pronounced [oˈtʃɑkiu̯]), also known as Ochakov and Alektor (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέκτωρ), is a small city in Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Ochakiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 13,663 (2022 estimate). Of the 14,000 people who lived in Ochakiv before the war, only half remained.

For many years the city fortress served as a capital of the Ottoman province (eyalet) of Özu (Silistria).
Orange County Choppers bikes
Orange County Choppers bikes are motorcycles featured on the television series American Chopper built by Orange County Choppers (OCC) for a specific corporate or celebrity customer. Theme bikes are motorcycles in which the theme of the motorcycle takes priority over everything else, influencing the frame dimensions, paint scheme, and overall 'feel' of the motorcycle. The function of motorcycle usually takes a backseat to the presentation of the theme, and these motorcycles attract attention solely on the premise of the theme itself. Customer bikes are built for and generally to the specifications of a particular customer. Although the customers typically give OCC creative freedom to do what they will, some clients have a specific idea in mind and expect OCC to reproduce their mental picture literally.

Customers use the bikes for promotional purposes at tradeshows or auction them off as a charity fundraiser.

Michael Teutul
Michael Joseph Teutul (born November 26, 1978) is an American television personality who appeared on the reality programs "Orange County Choppers" American Chopper and American Chopper: Senior vs. Junior.
Passion (worship band)
Passion is a contemporary worship music band, a central part of Passion Conferences in Atlanta, Georgia.
Passion band have released 28 albums over the span of two decades under the name Passion. Most of the Passion albums are live albums, recorded during performances in conferences or tours. Passion Conferences also owns sixstepsrecords, a record label that includes Crowder and Passion.
Sixstepsrecords artists form the core group of artists performing at the Passion Gatherings, including Kristian Stanfill, Melodie Malone, and Brett Younker. Other artists that have performed at Passion Gatherings include Chris Tomlin, David Crowder, Charlie Hall, Matt Redman, Christy Nockels, Fee, Lecrae, Hillsong United, Jesus Culture, Kari Jobe, Tenth Avenue North, Shane and Shane, SonicFlood, Gungor, Rend Collective, Sean Curran, Colton Dixon, Capital Kings and Jimi Cravity.

Capital Kings
Capital Kings is an American contemporary Christian music act. The group went on hiatus on January 3, 2018 before returning on July 7, 2023, with the single "Higher". The group consists of producer-rapper Cole "Saint X" Walowac and producer-singer Jonathan "Nevada" White who was briefly replaced by Dylan Housewright.
1993–94 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team
The 1993–94 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team represented James Madison University during the 1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Dukes, led by 6th-year head coach Lefty Driesell, played their home games at the on-campus Convocation Center and were members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA).

The Dukes finished the season with a 20–10 (10–4 CAA) record and won the CAA tournament. The Dukes received an automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament for their fourth overall appearance in the tournament – and first in 11 years. In the NCAA Tournament, the 14th-seeded Dukes fell to No. 3 seed and eventual Final Four participant Florida in the opening round.

1994 CAA men's basketball tournament
The 1994 CAA men's basketball tournament was held March 5–7, 1994, at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond, Virginia. The winner of the tournament was James Madison, who received an automatic bid to the 1994 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.
LG Gx
The LG Gx is an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics. It serves as an update to LG's phablet, the 2012 LG Optimus G Pro, by updating the software and design to that of LG's new flagship, the 2013 LG G2. Other than that, the smartphone is exactly the same as the LG Optimus G Pro with features that include LTE connectivity and an IR blaster, which allows use as a TV remote control. The handset has only been released in Korea on LG's own network, LG U+, as of 20 February 2014 and LG has not commented on whether it will become an international device.

Phablet
The term phablet (/ˈfæblət/, /-lɪt/) arose in the early 2010s to describe mobile devices combining or straddling the size formats of smartphones and tablets. The word is a blend word or portmanteau of phone and tablet.

By the late 2010s, the term had largely fallen into disuse, especially as phone sizes grew, in some case to the size of a small tablet, up to 180 mm (7.1 in), with wider aspect ratios.
Kampong Katok
Kampong Katok is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 2,079 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Gadong 'A'. The postcode is BE2319.

STKRJ Kampong Katok 'A'
STKRJ Kampong Katok 'A', also known as STKRJ Kampong Tungku Area 3, is a public housing estate and designated village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. It has an area of 69.15 hectares (170.9 acres); the population was 1,393 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Gadong 'A'. The postcode is BE2919.
Suzuki Celerio
The Suzuki Celerio is a hatchback city car produced by the Japanese manufacturer Suzuki since 2008. Originally a rebadged Alto/A-Star city car for some markets, the Celerio was made as a global nameplate and a standalone model replacing the A-Star in 2014. Suzuki unveiled the second-generation Celerio at the Auto Expo 2014 in India, after being previewed as the A:Wind concept model at the Thailand International Motor Expo in November 2013. The third-generation model was unveiled in November 2021. In 2023, the third-generation model was also marketed by Toyota in African markets as the Toyota Vitz.

Hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to the main interior of the car as a cargo area rather than just to a separated trunk. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second-row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume.

While early examples of the body configuration can be traced to the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the term itself to 1970. The hatchback body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. They are a primary component of sport utility vehicles.
2002–03 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season
The 2002-03 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) men's basketball season was won by Wake Forest, led by their coach Skip Prosser. Maryland Terrapins finished in second place, and defending champions Duke Blue Devils in third. Previously top-ranking teams such as North Carolina and Virginia came further down the table. The ACC tournament was won by Duke Blue Devils. The ACC also sent four teams to the NCAA tournament, which was won by Syracuse University, led by All-World Freshman Carmelo Anthony.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball
The Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball team represents Wake Forest University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Through the years, the program has produced many NBA players, among them are Hall of Famer Tim Duncan, 12× All-Star Chris Paul, 1× All-Star Jeff Teague, Sixth Man of the Year Rodney Rogers, and 1× All-Star Josh Howard. The Demon Deacons have won the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament four times, in 1961, 1962, 1995, and 1996. Wake Forest has appeared in 23 NCAA tournaments, most recently appearing in 2017. The current coach is Steve Forbes, who was hired on April 30, 2020.
Amar Nath Sehgal v. Union of India
Amar Nath Sehgal v. Union of India is a landmark Indian case decided by the Delhi High Court, which for the first time upheld the moral right of an author under the Indian Copyright Act and awarded damages. The government was also asked to return his mural.

Copyright law of India
The Copyright Act, 1957 as amended governs the subject of copyright law in India. The Act is applicable from 21 January 1958. The history of copyright law in India can be traced back to its colonial era under the British Empire. The Copyright Act 1957 was the first post-independence copyright legislation in India and the law has been amended six times since 1957. The most recent amendment was in the year 2012, through the Copyright (Amendment) Act 2012.

India is a member of most of the important international conventions governing the area of copyright law, including the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified at Paris in 1971), the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951, the Rome Convention of 1961 and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Initially, India was not a member of the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) but subsequently entered the treaty in 2013.