hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2003 NASDAQ-100 Open
The 2003 NASDAQ-100 Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the Miami Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 2003 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States from March 17 through March 30, 2003.

2002 NASDAQ-100 Open
The 2002 NASDAQ-100 Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of this tournament and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour and of Tier I of the 2002 WTA Tour. Both the men's and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States from March 18 through 31, 2002.
Čepin
Čepin (Hungarian: Csepin; German: Tschepin; Serbian Cyrillic: Чепин) is a village and a municipality in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. It is located in northeast Slavonia, 10 kilometers southwest of Osijek.

Čepin, with its 11,599 inhabitants at the 2011 census, is now included in Osijek built-up area. The majority of the population is Croat at 93.8%. Minorities include Serbs and Hungarians.

There is also an airport, used exclusively for sport and private flying purposes (Sport Airport Čepin).

Osijek-Baranja County
Osijek-Baranja County (pronounced [ôsijeːk bǎraɲa], Croatian: Osječko-baranjska županija, Hungarian: Eszék-Baranya megye) is a county in Croatia, located in northeastern Slavonia and Baranja which is defined part of the Pannonian Plain. Its center is Osijek. Other towns include Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Belišće, and Beli Manastir.
Port Glaud
Port Glaud (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ ɡlo]) is an administrative district of Seychelles located on the northwestern coast of the island of Mahé. It is 25 km2 and has a population of 2174 (2002 census). The main village is Port Glaud. The district contains two marine parks; Bay Ternay & Port Launay. The offshore islands of Thérèse Island and Conception Island are part of Port Glaud District.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Hōten-ryū
Hōten-ryū (法典流) is a Japanese martial art founded in 1600 CE. It is a school based on the use of the sword; however it has several different kobuki (old weapons) in its curriculum. It is also notable for its hidden weapons (hibuki) or items that appear to hide among everyday things.

Jō
A jō (杖) is an approximately 1.27-metre (4.2 ft) wooden staff, used in some Japanese martial arts. The martial art of wielding the jō is called jōjutsu or jōdō.  Also, aiki-jō is a set of techniques in aikido which uses the jō to illustrate aikido's principles with a weapon. The jō staff is shorter than the six-foot 
rokushakubō. Today, the jō is still used by some Japanese police forces.
Gmina Góra Kalwaria
Gmina Góra Kalwaria is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Góra Kalwaria, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of Piaseczno and 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 145.11 square kilometres (56.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 24,035 (out of which the population of Góra Kalwaria amounts to 11,130, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 12,905).

Góra Kalwaria
Góra Kalwaria (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡura kalˈvarja]; "Calvary Mountain", Yiddish: גער, Ger) is a town on the Vistula River in the Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is situated approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast of Warsaw and has a population of around 12,109 (as of 2019). The town has strong religious significance for both Catholic Christians and Hasidic Jews of the Ger dynasty.
Carex mandoniana
Carex mandoniana is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to western parts of South America.

The species was first formally described by the botanist Johann Otto Boeckeler in 1896 as a part of the work Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie. The type specimen was collected by Gilbert Mandon in 1859 in Bolivia.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Downriver Stars
The Downriver Stars were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Trenton, Michigan, that played in the All-American Hockey League.

The Stars were rebranded the Michigan Stars for the 1987–88 AAHL season, but after 14 games and a 2–12 record, the team folded midseason on November 30, 1987. As a result, Joe Selenski, John Daley, and Henry Brabham established the Johnstown Chiefs that started play in January 1988 to replace the Stars.

Johnstown Chiefs
The Johnstown Chiefs were a minor league ice hockey team located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, that played in the ECHL.  The team was founded in 1987 in the All-American Hockey League, and moved to the East Coast Hockey League (now ECHL) when the league was formed. The Chiefs lasted for 22 years in Johnstown, and were the last of the founding ECHL teams playing under its original name and in its original city.  The Chiefs relocated to Greenville, South Carolina, following the completion of the 2010 season.
Calyptridium pulchellum
Calyptridium pulchellum, synonym Cistanthe pulchella, is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae. It is known by the common name Mariposa pussypaws.  It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of central California, where it is known from only a few scattered occurrences. It grows on barren patches of granite gravel in woodland and grasslands. It is a federally listed threatened species.

Montiaceae
Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, with about 17 genera and about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.

The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG III system and includes members of the Caryophyllales formerly listed in Portulacaceae. It is known by the common names of spring beauty family or the montia family.
Bishop (chess)
The bishop (♗, ♝) is a piece in the game of chess. It moves and captures along diagonals without jumping over interfering pieces. Each player begins the game with two bishops. The starting squares are c1 and f1 for White's bishops, and c8 and f8 for Black's bishops.

Chess annotation symbols
When annotating chess games, commentators frequently use widely recognized annotation symbols. Question marks and exclamation points that denote a move as bad or good are ubiquitous in chess literature. Some publications intended for an international audience, such as the Chess Informant, have a wide range of additional symbols that transcend language barriers.

The common symbols for evaluating the merits of a move are "??", "?", "?!", "!?", "!", and "!!". The chosen symbol is appended to the text describing the move (e.g. Re7? or Kh1!?); see Algebraic chess notation.

Use of these annotation symbols is subjective, as different annotators use the same symbols differently or for a different reason.
Up There Down Here
Up There, Down Here was the fifth studio album released by American band The Badlees. It was due to be released on the Polydor label but was delayed by the merger of Polygram and Seagram to form the new Universal Music Group in 1998. The Badlees were dropped by Universal and the album was eventually released in August 1999 on the Ark 21 label.

River Songs
River Songs is the third full length studio album by American band The Badlees. It was released on their independent label, Rite-Off Records, in February 1995 and sold over 10,000 units before being picked up by the national label Polydor/Atlas after the band signed with that label later in 1995. The album was re-released nationally with no further production enhancement in October 1995 and went on to spawn three national hits – "Fear of Falling", "Angeline Is Coming Home", and "Gwendolyn".
David Christopherson
David Christopherson (born October 5, 1954) is a Canadian politician. From 2004 until 2019, he represented the riding of Hamilton Centre in the House of Commons of Canada. He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 2003, and was a cabinet minister in the provincial government of Bob Rae. Christopherson is a member of the New Democratic Party.

Ministry of the Solicitor General
The Ministry of the Solicitor General (French: Ministère du Solliciteur général; formerly known as the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services) is the ministry in the Government of Ontario responsible for public security, law enforcement and policing, emergency management, correctional and detention centres/jails and organizations such as the Ontario Provincial Police, Emergency Management Ontario, and the Office of the Fire Marshal.

The minister responsible is Michael Kerzner, Solicitor General of Ontario.
Posted Workers Directive 1996
The Posted Workers Directive 96/71/EC is an EU directive concerned with the free movement of workers within the European Union. It makes an exception to the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980, which ordinarily requires that workers are protected by the law of the member state in which they work.

After a controversial set of decisions by the European Court of Justice, the Directive has come under criticism for reducing rights of posted workers and undermining the rights of workers in a home nation.

Directive (European Union)
A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals. A directive's goals have to be made the goals of one or more new or changed national laws by the member states before this legislation applies to individuals residing in the member states. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment and then subsequently for approval or rejection.
Automotive industry in Italy
The automotive industry in Italy is a large employer in the country, it had over 2,131 firms and employed almost 250,000 people in 2006. Italy's automotive industry is best known for its automobile designs and small city cars, sports and supercars. The automotive industry makes a contribution of 8.5% to Italian GDP.

Italy is one of the significant automobile producers both in Europe and around the world.

Today the Italian automotive industry is almost totally dominated by Stellantis (formerly called Fiat Group); in 2001 over 90% of vehicles were produced by it. As well as its own, predominantly mass market model range, Stellantis owns the mainstream Fiat brand, the upmarket Alfa Romeo and Lancia brands, and the exotic Maserati brand.

SCAT (automobile)
The SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) was an Italian automobile manufacturer from Turin, founded in 1906 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano.

The company was active from 1906 to 1932 and achieved Targa Florio wins in 1911, 1912 and 1914. The first produced models were the 12 HP, the 16 HP and the 22 HP of 1909.
Laurel and Hardy music
Laurel and Hardy were primarily comedy film actors. However, many of their films featured songs, and some are considered as musicals in their own right. The composer Leroy Shield scored most of Laurel and Hardy sound shorts although they were often misattributed to Marvin Hatley.

Leroy Shield
Leroy Bernard Shield (October 2, 1893 – January 9, 1962) was an American film score and radio composer. He is best known for the themes and incidental music he wrote for the classic Hal Roach comedy short films of the 1930s, including the Our Gang and Laurel and Hardy series.
Harry Gordon Selfridge
Harry Gordon Selfridge, Sr. (11 January 1858 – 8 May 1947) was an American retail magnate who founded the London-based department store Selfridges.  The early years of his leadership led to his becoming one of the wealthiest and most respected retail magnates in the United Kingdom. He was known as "the Earl of Oxford Street".

Born in Ripon, Wisconsin, and raised in Jackson, Michigan, Selfridge delivered newspapers and left school at 14 when he found work at a local bank.  Selfridge eventually obtained a stock boy position at Marshall Field's department store in Chicago, where over the next 25 years, he rose to become a partner. In 1890 he married Rose Buckingham who was from a prominent Chicago family.

In 1906 following a trip to London, Selfridge invested £400,000 to build a new department store in what was then the unfashionable western end of Oxford Street. Selfridges opened to the public on 15 March 1909, and Selfridge remained chairman until 1941.

Bond Street station
Bond Street is an interchange station in Mayfair, in the West End of London for London Underground and Elizabeth line services. Entrances are on Oxford Street, near its junction with New Bond Street, and on Hanover Square.

The London Underground station is served by the Central and Jubilee lines. On the Central line, the station is between Marble Arch and Oxford Circus stations. On the Jubilee line, it is between Baker Street and Green Park stations. The Elizabeth line station is between Paddington and Tottenham Court Road stations.

Bond Street is in London fare zone 1.
Garrick Mattheus
Garrick Frederick Mattheus (born 23 March 1996) is a South African rugby union player for the Boland Cavaliers in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is fly-half, but he can also play as a fullback. In 2020, he passed at Rugby Club Valpolicella.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
St John's Church, Essington
St John's Church is the parish church of Essington in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It is an active place of worship and is located on Wolverhampton Road. The church was built in 1932 on a three-acre site in the centre of the village of Essington, replacing the previous "Iron Church" built in 1859. The church is a Grade A locally listed building, described as "a fine example of inter-war architecture [which] shows an exuberant use of brick".

Essington
Essington is a village and civil parish in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of the city of Wolverhampton. Nearby are the towns of Bloxwich and Cannock and the villages of Cheslyn Hay, Great Wyrley (Landywood) and Featherstone. The parish borders the county of West Midlands and in 2021 had a population of 5,200.
Whipps Cross
Whipps Cross is an area of the districts of Leytonstone and Walthamstow in the London Borough of Waltham Forest in east London, England. It is most famous for Whipps Cross University Hospital. Prior to 1965, it was located in the historic county of Essex.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Baw Baw, New South Wales
Baw Baw is a locality in the Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia. It lies about 7 km north of Goulburn and 95 km northeast of Canberra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 260.

Baw Baw had a state public school from November 1879 to May 1941, except in 1937. This was described as a "public school" until October 1929, when it became a "half-time school".

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
Acrocalymma
Acrocalymma is a fungal genus in the family Lophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed in 1987 by Australian botanists John L. Alcorn and John Irwin to contain the species A. medicaginis, found to cause crown and root disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words acros ("at tip") and calymma ("hood"). Acrocalymma aquatica, discovered in northern Thailand, was added to the genus in 2012.

Lophiostomataceae
The Lophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and are saprobic or necrotrophic on herbaceous and woody stems.

The family Lophiostomataceae was thought to be heterogeneous or paraphyletic, but recent phylogenetic analyses support the monophyletic status of Lophiostomataceae sensu stricto (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009; Zhang et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2013; Wijayawardene et al. 2014,). In their multi-gene analysis, Schoch et al. (2006, 2009,) showed Lophiostomataceae to belong in Pleosporales.

Zhang et al. (2009), showed that Lophiostoma, Lophiotrema and Massarina formed well-supported subclades in Pleosporales.
Ubykh phonology
Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, with 84, due to extensive secondary articulation, and also the most disproportionate ratio of consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Only Khoisan languages such as Taa have larger consonant inventories due to their large inventories of click consonants.

Georges Dumézil
Georges Edmond Raoul Dumézil (French: [dymezil]; 4 March 1898 – 11 October 1986) was a French philologist, linguist, and religious studies scholar who specialized in comparative linguistics and mythology. He was a professor at Istanbul University, École pratique des hautes études and the Collège de France, and a member of the Académie Française. Dumézil is well known for his formulation of the trifunctional hypothesis on Proto-Indo-European mythology and society. His research has had a major influence on the fields of comparative mythology and Indo-European studies. In the 1930s he was a supporter (though not a formal member) of the far-right group Action Française, leading to criticism from left-wing scholars in the 1980s and afterwards.
Celina Kalluk
Celina Kalluk is a Canadian Inuk artist. She creates and performs in several mediums, notably the tradition of Inuit throat singing. In addition to her work as a musician, Kalluk has also worked as an actress, educator, and a children's author, publishing her debut work in 2014.

Inuit throat singing
Inuit throat singing, or katajjaq (Inuktitut: ᑲᑕᔾᔭᖅ), is a distinct type of throat singing uniquely found among the Inuit. It is a form of musical performance,  traditionally consisting of two women who sing duets in a close face-to-face formation with no instrumental accompaniment, in an entertaining contest to see who can outlast the other; however, one of the genre's most famous practitioners, Tanya Tagaq, performs as a solo artist. Several groups, including Tudjaat, The Jerry Cans, Quantum Tangle and Silla + Rise, blend traditional throat singing with mainstream musical genres such as pop, folk, rock and dance music.

An analogous form called rekuhkara was once practiced among the Ainu of Hokkaidō, Japan.
Isa ibn Musa
ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿal-ʿAbbās (Arabic: عيسى بن موسى بن محمد بن علي بن عبد الله بن العباس; c. 721/2–784) was a nephew of the first two Abbasid caliphs, al-Saffah (r. 750–754) and al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He served as governor of Kufa in Iraq for fifteen years and led the suppression of the Alid revolt of 762–763. From 754 on he was also heir-apparent of the Caliphate, until he was pressured to cede precedence to al-Mansur's son al-Mahdi (r. 775–785) in 764. With al-Mahdi's accession in 775, he was forced to renounce his rights entirely in 776 in favour of al-Hadi (r. 785–786), and retire to his palace at al-Ukhaidir Fortress, where he died in 784.

Hugh N. Kennedy
Hugh Nigel Kennedy (born 22 October 1947) is a British medievalist and academic. He specialises in the history of the early Islamic Middle East, Muslim Iberia and the Crusades. From 1997 to 2007, he was Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of St Andrews. Since 2007, he has been Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London.