hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
KT (energy)
kT (also written as kBT) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or kB), and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on ⁠E/kT⁠ (see Arrhenius equation and Boltzmann factor). For a system in equilibrium in canonical ensemble, the probability of the system being in state with energy E is proportional to

More fundamentally, kT is the amount of heat required to increase the thermodynamic entropy of a system by k.

In physical chemistry, as kT often appears in the denominator of fractions (usually because of Boltzmann distribution), sometimes β = ⁠1/kT⁠ is used instead of kT, turning  into e−βΔE.

Thermodynamic beta
In statistical thermodynamics, thermodynamic beta, also known as coldness, is the reciprocal of the thermodynamic temperature of a system: (where T is the temperature and kB is Boltzmann constant).

Thermodynamic beta has units reciprocal to that of energy (in SI units, reciprocal joules, ). In non-thermal units, it can also be measured in byte per joule, or more conveniently, gigabyte per nanojoule; 1 K−1 is equivalent to about 13,062 gigabytes per nanojoule; at room temperature: T = 300K, β ≈ 44 GB/nJ ≈ 39 eV−1 ≈ 2.4×1020 J−1. The conversion factor is 1 GB/nJ =  J−1.
Buglossoporus
Buglossoporus is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1966 by Czech mycologists František Kotlába and Zdeněk Pouzar, with Buglossoporus quercinus as the type species. In some works, Buglossoporus has been treated as a synonym of Piptoporus.

Buglossoporus magnus, known from only three locations in old growth lowland rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia, is considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN, and appears on their Red List.

Fomitopsidaceae
The Fomitopsidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. Most species are parasitic on woody plants, and tend to cause brown rots. The name comes from Fomitopsis (meaning "looking like Fomes") + -aceae (a suffix used to form taxonomic family names).
2019–20 Fairfield Stags men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Fairfield Stags men's basketball team represented Fairfield University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Stags, led by first-year head coach Jay Young, played their home games at Webster Bank Arena in Bridgeport, Connecticut and Alumni Hall in Fairfield, Connecticut as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). They finished the season 12–20, 8–12 in MAAC play, to finish in a tie for eighth place. They lost in the first round of the MAAC tournament to Manhattan.

Jay Young (basketball)
Jay E. Young (born September 22, 1964) is an American basketball coach who is an assistant for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights. He served as head coach of the Fairfield Stags men's basketball team from 2019 to 2023.
2015 Salford City Council election
The 2015 Salford City Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Salford City Council in England. This was the same day as other local elections, and the 2015 United Kingdom general election. The last time these seats were contested was in 2011.

The composition of the Council following the 2015 elections:

2015 United Kingdom local elections
The 2015 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 7 May 2015, the same day as the general election for the House of Commons.

With the exception of those areas that have had boundary changes, the council seats up for election in England were last contested in the 2011 local elections. To date these are the last local elections to coincide with a general election in the United Kingdom.
Indonesians in Saudi Arabia
Indonesians in Saudi Arabia consist largely of female domestic workers, with a minority of other types of labour migrants. As of 2018, an estimated 600,000 Indonesians (excluding Indonesian ancestry) were believed to be working in Saudi Arabia, comparable to the numbers of migrants are the groups from Bangladesh, India, Philippines and Pakistan, which number between 1 and 4 million people each.

A large number of Indonesian expatriates in Saudi Arabia also work in diplomatic sectors or are employees to local or foreign companies located in various provinces of Saudi Arabia such as Saudia Airlines, SABIC, Schlumberger, Halliburton, or Indomie. Many Indonesians are also employees of the world's biggest oil company Saudi Aramco with their families located in the Dhahran area. Most Indonesians in Saudi Arabia reside in Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, and all around Dammam area.

Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia
Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia number around 2.6 million. Saudi Arabia is the top destination country for Bangladeshi migrant workers, with almost 100,000 Bangladeshis migrating to Saudi Arabia in the last quarter of 2022. Most Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia work in the service industry.
2021 Lošinj Open
The 2021 Lošinj Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Veli Lošinj, Croatia between 18 and 24 October 2021.

2021 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour in 2021 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2021 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 147 tournaments with prize money ranging from $36,680 up to $156,240. It was the 44th edition of challenger tournaments cycle, and 13th under the name of Challenger Tour.

Tallon Griekspoor set a new record for winning the most Challenger titles in a season when he won his seventh title of the season at the Tenerife Challenger and immediately improved upon the record by winning the Slovak Open II the week after.
HLA-B81
HLA-B81 (B81) is an HLA–B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*8101 and B*8102 (very rare) gene products. B81 is more common in Subsaharan Africa. While there is a B81 serotype, serotyping of B81 is poor when simultaneously tested with anti-B7 or B48 antibodies. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-B7
HLA-B7 (B7) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*07 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) B7, previously HL-A7, was one of the first 'HL-A' antigens recognized, largely because of the frequency of B*0702 in Northern and Western Europe and the United States. B7 is found in two major haplotypes in Europe, where it reaches peak frequency in Ireland. One haplotype A3-B7-DR15-DQ1 can be found over a vast region and is in apparent selective disequilibrium. B7 is a risk factor for cervical cancer, sarcoidosis, and early-onset spondylarthropathies.
ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft
The ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (German for ESWE Transport Company) or ESWE Verkehr is a municipally owned company responsible for operating public transport in Wiesbaden, Germany. It operates 40 bus-lines and 9 night bus-lines. In addition to the city bus service in Wiesbaden, the company also operates the Nerobergbahn.

ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft and Mainzer Verkehrsgesellschaft are the two shareholders of Verkehrsverbund Mainz-Wiesbaden (VMW) GmbH. In addition, the Wiesbaden transport company is a member of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund and, through VMW, is also active member in the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund.

Nerobergbahn
The Nerobergbahn is a funicular railway in Wiesbaden, Germany. The line links the city, with a station at the north of the Nerotalanlagen, with the Neroberg hill to its north, which offers a panorama view.
2012–13 IIHF European Women's Champions Cup
The 2012–13 IIHF European Women's Champions Cup was the ninth playing of the IIHF European Women's Champions Cup. HC Tornado of Russia's Women's Hockey League won the tournament for the third time in four seasons and second consecutive time.

IIHF European Women's Champions Cup
The IIHF European Women's Champions Cup or EWCC was an annual women's ice hockey club tournament, contested by the national women's ice hockey champions from several European ice hockey playing nations. The event was established and organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The competition format included two group phases followed by a final round. Each phase was played as a round robin in groups of four teams each.
Brčko District
Brčko District (Serbo-Croatian: Brčko distrikt / Брчко дистрикт), officially the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Brčko distrikt Bosne i Hercegovine / Брчко дистрикт Босне и Херцеговине), is a self-governing administrative unit in north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Officially a condominium of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, it was formed in 1999 to reflect the multi-ethnic nature of Brčko and the surrounding areas and their special status within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. In reality, it functions as a local self-government area, much like the other municipalities in the country. The seat of the district is the city of Brčko.

Condominium (international law)
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a territory (such as a border area or a state) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.

Although a condominium has always been recognized as a theoretical possibility, condominia have been rare in practice. A major problem, and the reason so few have existed, is the difficulty of ensuring co-operation between the sovereign powers; once the understanding fails, the status is likely to become untenable.
Hamlet (Thomas)
Hamlet is a grand opera in five acts of 1868 by the French composer Ambroise Thomas, with a libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier based on a French adaptation by Alexandre Dumas, père, and Paul Meurice of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.

Scientific pitch notation
Scientific pitch notation (SPN), also known as American standard pitch notation (ASPN) and international pitch notation (IPN), is a method of specifying musical pitch by combining a musical note name (with accidental if needed) and a number identifying the pitch's octave.

Although scientific pitch notation was originally designed as a companion to scientific pitch (see below), the two are not synonymous. Scientific pitch is a pitch standard—a system that defines the specific frequencies of particular pitches (see below). Scientific pitch notation concerns only how pitch names are notated, that is, how they are designated in printed and written text, and does not inherently specify actual frequencies. Thus, the use of scientific pitch notation to distinguish octaves does not depend on the pitch standard used.
Bear Mountain (Seward, Alaska)
Bear Mountain is a 4,019-foot (1,225 m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, on the Kenai Peninsula, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 5 mi (8 km) northeast of Bear Glacier, 2.1 mi (3 km) south-southeast of Marathon Mountain, and 5 mi (8 km) southwest of Seward, Alaska. The peak's local name was reported in 1951 by the U.S. Geological Survey. The months May and June offer the most favorable weather for viewing the mountain. In fair weather, the Harding Icefield can be seen from the summit.

Seward, Alaska
Seward (Alutiiq: Qutalleq; Dena'ina: Tl'ubugh) is an incorporated home rule city in Alaska, United States. Located on Resurrection Bay, a fjord of the Gulf of Alaska on the Kenai Peninsula, Seward is situated on Alaska's southern coast, approximately 120 miles (190 km) by road from Alaska's largest city, Anchorage.

With a population of 2,717 people as of the 2020 census, Seward is the fourth-largest city in the Kenai Peninsula Borough, behind Kenai, Homer, and the borough seat of Soldotna. The city is named for former United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, who orchestrated the United States' purchase of Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867 while serving in this position as part of President Andrew Johnson's administration.

Seward is the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad and the historic starting point of the original Iditarod Trail to Interior Alaska, with Mile 0 of the trail marked on the shoreline at the southern end of town.
River Loud
The River Loud is a river of Lancashire, England.

Starting out on Parlick, the Loud meanders mainly through the parish of Chipping, tracing its course first south-west, then south-east and, at Gill Bridge by Withinreap Farm, east before veering north-east, on a similar alignment to Longridge Road, passing Hesketh Lane and collecting Chipping Brook from Chipping to the north, before joining the east-flowing River Hodder near Doeford Bridge.

In geological history, the lower reaches of the Loud carried the waters of the River Hodder westward from Doeford Bridge to the Derby Arms north of Longridge (reversing the modern-day eastward flow), continuing south-westward through Halfpenny Lane on the west side of Longridge to join either Blundell Brook past Broughton church and Woodplumpton to join the River Wyre, or else Savick Brook through Fulwood to join the River Ribble.

River Ribble
The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the Irish Sea (the Dee in Dentdale and the Twiss in Kingsdale being notable others).
Brandon Borrello
Brandon Joel Gaetano Borrello (Italian: [ɡaeˈtaːno borˈrɛllo]; born 25 July 1995) is an Australian professional association football player who plays as a right winger for A-League club Western Sydney Wanderers and the Australia national team.

Borrello moved to Brisbane in 2011 where he played for Brisbane Roar, for whom he made his A-League Men debut in November 2013. In the following seasons, he established himself in the first-team and as one of Brisbane's most potent attackers, helping his side towards qualifications in both the A-League Finals Series and AFC Champions League. Borrello eventually moved to Germany where he remained for 5 years before moving back to Australia with Western Sydney Wanderers in July 2022.

SC Freiburg
Sport-Club Freiburg e.V., commonly known as SC Freiburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛs ˈtseː ˈfʁaɪbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional football club, based in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg. It plays in the Bundesliga, having been promoted as champions from the 2. Bundesliga in 2016.

Between 1954 and 2021, Freiburg's stadium was the Dreisamstadion; the club moved to the newly built Europa-Park Stadion in 2021.
1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1992 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 47th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.

Gary Havelock scored 14 points to become England's first Speedway World Champion since Michael Lee in 1980. Sweden's Per Jonsson, the 1990 World Champion, finished second with 11 points with Denmark's Gert Handberg third on 10 points.

Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen failed to qualify for a World Final for the first time since 1979 after only finishing 12th in the Nordic Final.

Speedway World Championship
The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The first official championships were held in 1936.

Today, the championship is organised as a series of Speedway Grand Prix events, where points are awarded according to performance in the event and tallied up at the end of each season. However, up to 1994, it was usually run as a single-night event after qualifying rounds during the season, leading up to a final consisting of 20 heats, where points were awarded according to riders' heat placings and then tallied up at the end.

Before the World Championship received its formal recognition from the ACU and the FIM in 1936, other unofficial Speedway World Championships were staged between 1931 and 1935, in Europe, South America and Australasia, such as the Star Riders' Championship.
Konstantinogradsky Uyezd
Konstantinogradsky Uyezd (Константиноградский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Konstantinograd (present-day Krasnohrad).

Berestyn
Berestyn (Ukrainian: Берестин, IPA: [bereˈstɪn]), formerly known as Krasnohrad (Ukrainian: Красноград) or Krasnograd, is a city in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. From 1784 to 1922, it was known as Kostiantynohrad. It serves as the administrative center of Berestyn Raion. Berestyn hosts the administration of Krasnohrad urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. In 2022, the population was estimated to be 19,674 (2022 estimate).
Dodge Charger
The Dodge Charger is a model of automobile marketed by Dodge in various forms over eight generations since 1966.

The first Charger was a show car in 1964. A 1965 Charger II concept car resembled the 1966 production version.

In the United States, the Charger nameplate has been used on mid-size cars, personal luxury coupes, subcompact hatchbacks, and full-size sedans.

Chrysler LX platform
The LX platform was Chrysler's full-size rear wheel drive automobile platform introduced in 2004 for the 2005 model year. The LX was developed in North America to supersede the previous Chrysler LH platform, which had been designed to allow it to be easily upgraded to rear and all-wheel drive. The LD Charger, 300 and LA Challenger cars are built at Brampton Assembly in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The European variant and all RHD models were built in Graz, Austria, by Magna Steyr from June 2005 until 2010, where they carried the platform designation of LE.
Duitama
Duitama (Spanish pronunciation: [dwiˈtama]) is a city and municipality in the department of Boyacá. It's the capital of the Tundama Province. Duitama is located 195 kilometres (121 mi) northeast of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia and 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Tunja, the capital of Boyacá. In 2023 Duitama had an estimated population of 131,591.

Sogamoso
Sogamoso (Spanish pronunciation: [soɣaˈmoso]) is a city in the department of Boyacá of Colombia. It is the capital of the Sugamuxi Province, named after the original Sugamuxi. Sogamoso is nicknamed "City of the Sun", based on the original Muisca tradition of pilgrimage and adoring their Sun god Sué at the Sun Temple. The city is located at an altitude of 2,569 metres (8,428 ft) on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.
Høgbrøthøgde
Høgbrøthøgde is a mountain in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,821-metre (5,974 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains and inside the Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 38 kilometres (24 mi) northwest of the village of Vang i Valdres. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Snøholstinden to the northeast, Mjølkedalstinden to the north, Storegut and Langeskavltinden to the northwest, and Langeskavlen to the southwest.

Vang Municipality
Vang is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vang i Valdres. Other villages in Vang include Hensgardane, Nystuen, Øye, Ryfoss, and Tyinkrysset.

The 1,504.84-square-kilometre (581.02 sq mi) municipality is the 55th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vang Municipality is the 299th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,648. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Loulon
Loulon (Greek: Λοῦλον), in Arabic known as Lu'lu'a (Arabic: لولوة), was a fortress near the modern village of Hasangazi in Turkey.

The site was of strategic importance as it controlled the northern exit of the Cilician Gates. In the 8th–9th centuries it was located on the border between the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Caliphate and played a prominent role in the Arab–Byzantine wars of the period, changing hands several times.

Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros Dağları or Toroslar; Kurdish: Çiyayên Torosê) are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia.
1995 Source Awards
The 1995 Source Awards were held at the Paramount Theater in New York City on August 3, 1995. The awards show was one of the most consequential and infamous events in the history of hip-hop. The show escalated tensions between the East and West Coast hip-hop communities, thereby likely catalysing the murders of Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. within the following two years. Televised nationally, the show also worsened America's moral panic about the influence of rap and hip-hop on its youth.

Murder of Tupac Shakur
On September 7, 1996, at 11:15 p.m. (PDT), Tupac Shakur, a 25-year-old American rapper, was shot in a drive-by shooting in Paradise, Nevada. The shooting occurred when the car carrying Shakur was stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. Shakur was struck by four rounds fired from a .40-caliber Glock: two in the chest, one in the arm, and one in the thigh. The driver, Suge Knight, was grazed by a bullet in the shooting. Shakur died from his injuries six days later, on September 13, 1996.

Orlando Anderson, a Crips gang member, was suspected in the murder but denied being involved and was never charged. He was killed in an unrelated gang shootout in 1998. On September 29, 2023, 27 years after Shakur's murder, Duane "Keefe D" Davis, Anderson's uncle, was arrested after being indicted by a grand jury for the first-degree murder of Shakur.
1754 Cunningham
1754 Cunningham, provisional designation 1935 FE, is a Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 29 March 1935, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. It was later named after American astronomer Leland Cunningham.

Eugène Joseph Delporte
Eugène Joseph Delporte (10 January 1882 – 19 October 1955) was a Belgian astronomer born in Genappe.

He discovered a total of sixty-six asteroids. Notable discoveries include 1221 Amor (which lent its name to the Amor asteroids) and the Apollo asteroid 2101 Adonis. He discovered or co-discovered some comets as well, including periodic comet 57P/du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte. He worked in the Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Belgian Royal Observatory), situated in the town of Uccle (after which the asteroid 1276 Ucclia is named). He started there in 1903 after receiving his doctorate that year from the Free University of Brussels.

In 1930 he published, on behalf of the IAU, a work delineating the modern boundaries between all of the 88 official constellations in the sky, along lines of constant right ascension and declination for the epoch B1875.0.

The Florian asteroid 1274 Delportia (discovered by himself) and the lunar impact crater Delporte were named after him.