hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hibernation (computing)
Hibernation (also known as suspend to disk, or Safe Sleep on Macintosh computers) in computing is powering down a computer while retaining its state. When hibernation begins, the computer saves the contents of its random access memory (RAM) to a hard disk or other non-volatile storage. When the computer is turned on the RAM is restored and the computer is exactly as it was before entering hibernation.  Hibernation was first implemented in 1992 and patented by Compaq Computer Corporation in Houston, Texas.

Microsoft's Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11 employ a type of hibernation (Fast Startup) by default when shutting down.

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
Chuvash people
The Chuvash people,{{efn|{{ubl|UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH|Chuvash: чӑвашсем, romanized: çăvaşsem, pronounced [tɕə̹̆ˈʋaʂsʲɛm]|Russian: чуваши, romanized: čuvaši are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of the Oğurs, inhabiting an area stretching from the Idel-Ural region to Siberia.

Most of them live in the Russian republic of Chuvashia and the surrounding area, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout Russia as well as in Central Asia. They speak Chuvash, a Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians although a minority follow Vattisen Yaly or Sunni Islam.

Oghuric languages
The Oghuric, Onoguric, or Oguric languages (also known as Bulgar, Bulgharic, Bolgar, Pre-Proto-Bulgaric, or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family. The only extant member of the group is the Chuvash language. The first to branch off from the Turkic family, the Oghuric languages show significant divergence from other Turkic languages, which all share a later common ancestor. Languages from this family were spoken in some nomadic tribal confederations, such as those of the Onogurs or Ogurs, Bulgars and Khazars.
Daxin, Ningxia
Daxin (Chinese: 大新; pinyin: Dàxīn) is a town under the administration of Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China. As of 2020, it has 12 residential communities and six villages under its administration:

Jufengyuan Community (聚丰苑社区)

Dongchengrenjia Community (东城人家社区)

Yinheng Community (银横社区)

Yanxiang Community (燕祥社区)

Yongtai Community (永泰社区)

Xin'an Community (新安社区)

Yanqingyuan Community (燕庆园社区)

Yinyanyuan Community (银燕园社区)

Yanxinyuan Community (燕欣园社区)

Yanxiangyuan Community (燕翔园社区)

Yanleyuan Community (燕乐园社区)

Yanyiyuan Community (燕依园社区)

Daxin Village

Shangqiancheng Village (上前城村)

Taqiao Village (塔桥村)

Yange Village (燕鸽村)

Xinqushao Village (新渠稍村)

Xinshuiqiao Village (新水桥村)

Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.
Optus Music Store
The Optus Music Store is an online website and mobile digital media store operated by Optus.  Opening as the MTV Music Store (provided by the now defunct company Soundbuzz) in mid-2005, it is a major digital music vendor in Australia.  While the previous MTV branded store contained digital rights management files, the re-launched online site (27 July 2009) resulted in DRM being removed.

Optus
Singtel Optus Pty Limited is a major Australian telecommunications company headquartered in Macquarie Park, Sydney. Optus is the second-largest telecommunications company in Australia, with over 11 million customers as of 2023. Its mobile network covers 98.5% of the Australian population, with plans to cover all of Australia by 2025 through its partnership with SpaceX.

It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singaporean telecommunications company Singtel.
Matthew Baker (governor)
Matthew Baker (? - May 1513, Bermondsey Abbey)  was a courtier to Henry Tudor (both before and during his reign as Henry VII of England) and his son Henry VIII of England.

He was one of four Esquires For The Bodie and a companion of Henry Tudor during the future king's Breton and French exiles from 1471 until 1485; and he was Governor of Jersey from 1486 to 1494. He was initially appointed by letters patent (CPR Feb., 1 Hen VII) as joint-governor with another Esquire For The Bodie, David Philippe, on 28 February 1486 by Henry VII of England. He then became sole governor in 1488. His last day in the office before being recalled to England by King Henry VII for other duties was 3 September 1494.

Lieutenant Governor of Jersey
The lieutenant governor of Jersey (Jèrriais: Gouvèrneux d'Jèrri, "Governor of Jersey"), properly styled the lieutenant-governor of Jersey (French: Lieutenant-Gouverneur de Jersey), is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Jersey, a dependency of the British Crown.

Presently, there is no governor of Jersey (French: Gouverneur de Jersey), the role having devolved its responsibilities onto the lieutenant governors and then been discontinued in 1854. The position of lieutenant governor is now itself largely ceremonial, with day-to-day responsibility over most functions of government overseen by the Chief Minister of Jersey and judicial and certain other official matters overseen by the Bailiff of Jersey.
Cristina Baudet
Cristina Baudet Lucena (born 8 July 1991) is a Spanish footballer from Catalonia who plays as a midfielder for Liga F team Espanyol and the Catalonia national team. She has previously played for Sant Gabriel, Barcelona and Levante Las Planas.

2014 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol
The 2014 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol was the 32nd edition of the Spanish women's football national cup. It ran from 18 May to 22 June 2014, and was contested by the best eight teams in the 2013–14 Spanish Championship. Both the quarterfinals and the semifinals were two-legged ties, while the final was held in Estadio Alfonso Murube, Ceuta.
Governorship of Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was the 33rd governor of California for two terms, the first beginning in 1967 and the second in 1971. He left office in 1975, declining to run for a third term. Robert Finch, Edwin Reinecke and John L. Harmer served as lieutenant governors over the course of his governorship.

1966 California gubernatorial election
The 1966 California gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1966. Incumbent Democratic Governor Pat Brown was defeated in his bid for re-election by Republican nominee and future President Ronald Reagan. As of 2026, this remains the last time an incumbent governor of California lost re-election, though one subsequent governor was recalled from office in 2003.
Unsecured creditor
An unsecured creditor is a creditor other than a preferential creditor that does not have the benefit of any security interests in the assets of the debtor.

In the event of the bankruptcy of the debtor, the unsecured creditors usually obtain a pari passu distribution out of the assets of the insolvent company on a liquidation in accordance with the size of their debt after the secured creditors have enforced their security and the preferential creditors have exhausted their claims.

Although in a liquidation the unsecured creditors will usually realize the smallest proportion of their claims, in some legal systems, unsecured creditors who are also indebted to the insolvent debtor can (and in some jurisdictions, must) set off the debts, putting the unsecured creditor with a matured liability to the debtor in a pre-preferential position.

Pari passu
Pari passu is a Latin phrase that literally means "with an equal step" or "on equal footing". It is sometimes translated as "ranking equally", "hand-in-hand", "with equal force", or "moving together", and by extension, "fairly", "without partiality".
Varieties of Modern Greek
The linguistic varieties of Modern Greek can be classified along two principal dimensions. First, there is a long tradition of sociolectal variation between the natural, popular spoken language on the one hand and archaizing, learned written forms on the other. Second, there is regional variation between dialects. The competition between the popular and the learned registers (see Diglossia) culminated in the struggle between Dimotiki and Katharevousa during the 19th and 20th centuries. As for regional dialects, variation within the bulk of dialects of present-day Greece is not particularly strong, except for a number of outlying, highly divergent dialects spoken by isolated communities.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
The Mikado (Millennium)
"'The Mikado" is the thirteenth episode of the second season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium. It premiered on the Fox network on February 6, 1998. The episode was written by Michael R. Perry and directed Roderick J. Pridy. "The Mikado" featured a guest appearance by Allan Zinyk as Brian Roedecker.

After a group of boys witness a murder via a live webcam feed, Millennium Group profiler Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) realizes that the culprit is an old adversary who has learned to exploit the internet to continue his killing spree while avoiding capture.

Perry was inspired to write the episode after considering the "dark side" of the internet, drawing influence from Jennifer Ringley's JenniCam website. Avatar, the episode's antagonist, was based on real-life murderer the Zodiac Killer. "The Mikado" was seen by over five million households in its initial broadcast, and has received positive reviews from critics.

Robert Shearman
Robert Charles Shearman, sometimes credited as Rob Shearman, is an English television, radio, stage play and short story writer. He is known for his World Fantasy Award-winning short stories, as well as his work for Doctor Who, and his association with Jarvis & Ayres Productions (Martin Jarvis and Rosalind Ayres) which has resulted in six plays for BBC Radio 4, broadcast in the station's regular weekday Afternoon Play slot, and one classic serial.
Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.

Vajrasana, Bodh Gaya
The Vajrasana (IAST: vajrāsana; diamond throne), or Enlightenment Throne of the Buddha, is an ancient stone slab located under the Bodhi tree, directly beside the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya. It is considered as the bodhimanda (bodhimaṇḍa; seat or platform of enlightenment) of Gautama Buddha. The slab is presumed to have been placed at the location during the reign of Maurya king Ashoka between 250–233 BCE, at the spot where the Buddha meditated.

The empty throne was a focus of devotion in early Buddhism, treated as a cetiya or symbolic relic. It was not intended to be occupied, but operated as a symbol of the missing Buddha. Devotees often kneel in prayer before it. Being the site where Gautama Buddha achieved liberation, Tibetan Buddhist texts also use the term vajrasana to refer to Bodh Gaya itself.
West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States
The United States naval forces undertook a series of military campaigns and engagements to combat piracy in and around the Antilles from 1814 to 1825. During that time, the U.S. West Indies Squadron pursued pirates on both sea and land, focusing primarily on key regions such as The Bahamas, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. A range of privateers, hailing from the United States to Denmark, also participated in the conflict.

USRC Alabama
USRC Alabama, was a wood-hull topsail schooner designed by William Doughty that was commissioned in the United States Revenue Marine from 1819 to 1833. Assigned the homeport of Mobile, Alabama, she sailed the Caribbean extensively with her sister ship, USRC Louisiana and was used mainly in anti-piracy activity.
Vedat Tek House
The Vedat Tek House (Turkish: Vedat Tek Evi) is a museum and former residence of renowned Turkish architect Vedat Tek in Istanbul, Turkey. The house was built between 1913 and 1914 by Vedat Tek for his family and himself and is a notable example of Turkish neoclassical architecture.

First national architectural movement
The First national architecture movement (Turkish: Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı), also referred to in Turkey as the National architecture Renaissance (Turkish: Millî Mimari Rönesansı), or Turkish Neoclassical architecture (Turkish: Neoklasik Türk Üslûbu), was a period of Turkish architecture that was most prevalent between 1908 and 1930 but continued until the end of the 1930s. Inspired by Ottomanism, the movement sought to capture classical elements of Ottoman and Anatolian Seljuk architecture and use them in the construction of modern buildings. Despite the style focusing on Ottoman aspects, it was most prevalent during the first decade of the Republic of Turkey.

The most important architects of the movement were Ahmet Kemaleddin and Vedat Tek, who pioneered the movement, as well as Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu and Ottoman-born architect of Italian descent Giulio Mongeri.
Brusa bezistan
Brusa bezistan with its 6 roof domes it is one of the historic buildings in Sarajevo's Baščaršija from the time of the Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has a rectangular base and has four entrances on all four sides, and connects the craft streets Kundurdžiluk, Veliki and Mali Čurčiluk with Abadžiluk and the Baščaršija. It was built by order of the Grand Vizier Rustem-pasha Opuković in 1551. Bezistan was named after the Turkish city of Bursa, from which silk was brought to Bezistan and sold. Unlike Gazi Husrev-beg's bezistan, where groceries were originally sold, Brusa bezistan sold household items and small furniture in addition to silk. Today it is one of the museums in the city, designated as the National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and houses one of the departments of Museum of Sarajevo.

Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbr. KONS (Serbo-Croatian: Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika Bosne i Hercegovine), is Bosnia and Herzegovina commission (agency) which declares and registers national heritage monuments/sites, including natural/urban/architectural assembles, immovable and movable heritage of historical and cultural importance to Bosnia and Herzegovina, as an institution at state level.
The sites of exclusively natural heritage are not subject of Annex 8 and the KONS.
Calor Gas
Calor is a brand of bottled butane and propane which is available in Britain and Ireland. It comes in cylinders, which have a special gas regulator.

The company was formed in 1935, and is one of the UK's largest suppliers of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is currently servicing around 4 million homes and businesses, supplying LPG to power gas appliances from central heating and hot water, as well as cookers, fires and barbecues. The company predominantly supplies LPG to homes in rural areas where there is no mains natural gas supply. In the United Kingdom, Calor is part of the SHV Gas Group a private Dutch company. Calor originally dealt only with cooking and heating appliances, but now covers a wider range of products for home, business, and automotive fuels.

Such was the company's ubiquity at one point that the term "Calor Gas" became a generic term in the UK for all bottled LPG canisters and LPG-fuelled appliances.

Centrica
Centrica plc is a British multinational energy and services company with its headquarters in Windsor, Berkshire, England.

It is the largest supplier of gas to domestic customers in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest suppliers of electricity, operating under the trading names British Gas in England and Wales, Scottish Gas in Scotland, and Bord Gáis Energy in Ireland.

Centrica is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Crossing of the Danube Cross
The Crossing of the Danube Cross (Romanian: Crucea Trecerea Dunării) was a Decoration established by Prince Carol I of Romania by Royal Decree 617 on 23 March 1878 to award individuals for outstanding leadership and contributions in the Romanian War of Independence.

The crossing of the Danube was one of the key events in the campaign, and it was one of the six events selected by Prince Carol to be immortalised in the six paintings commissioned from Johann Nepomuk Schönberg, and Austrian artist and war-correspondent.

The Decoration was later awarded to very few individuals who were deemed to have proven great leadership.

The Decoration was named after the Danube River where the Romanian Army fought the Ottoman Imperial Army.

The Decoration was abolished during the abolishment of the Romanian Monarchy in 1947 and was not reinstated as a Dynastic Decoration of the Decorations of the Romanian Royal House by Former King Michael I.

Decorations of the Romanian Royal House
The Decorations of the Romanian Royal House are a reward for conspicuous and special merits of the recipients for the Romanian state and the Romanian Royal House.

After the Fundamental Rules of the Royal House of Romania were signed in 2007, King Michael I, who abdicated in 1947 under communist pressure, reinstituted the Order of Carol I and the Order of the Crown, and he also instituted two decorations and two medals. After the death of King Michael I in 2017, his eldest daughter, Her Majesty Margareta, Custodian of the Romanian Crown, the new Head of the Royal House of Romania, instituted one Family Order and one medal.

The orders, decorations and medals currently awarded are:

The Order of Carol I

The Order of the Crown

The Family Order, decorations and medals listed below
1989 Eastern League season
The 1989 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.

The Albany/Colonie Yankees defeated the Harrisburg Senators three games to one to win the Eastern League Championship Series.

Albany–Colonie Yankees
The Albany–Colonie Yankees were a Minor League Baseball team that played in the Double-A Eastern League from 1983 to 1994. They were located in Colonie, New York, and played their home games at Heritage Park.  The team was known as the Albany A's in their inaugural 1983 season and the Albany–Colonie A's in 1984 after their Major League Baseball affiliate, the Oakland Athletics. They were renamed the Albany–Colonie Yankees in 1985 when they became an affiliate of the New York Yankees. The team retained the Yankees moniker through their final season in 1994.

For the first 11 years of Albany–Colonie's 12-year membership in the Eastern League, the circuit played without divisions. The top four teams qualified for the playoffs. The A's/Yankees qualified for the postseason on eight occasions, including four seasons by virtue of winning the regular season pennant (1984, 1985, 1989, and 1990). They won the Eastern League championship three times (1988, 1989, and 1991).
2011–12 Liga de Honra
The 2011–12 Liga de Honra, also known as Liga Orangina due to sponsorship reasons, was the 22nd season of the second-tier of football in Portugal. A total of 16 teams contested the league, 12 of which already had contested it in the 2009–10, and two of which were promoted from the Portuguese Second Division, and two of which were relegated from the 2010–11 Primeira Liga.

2011–12 Primeira Liga
The 2011–12 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga ZON Sagres for sponsorship reasons) was the 78th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 14 August 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012. A total of 16 teams contested the league, 14 of which already took part in the previous season and two of which were promoted from the Liga de Honra. Porto were the defending champions and secured their 26th and second consecutive league title. Óscar Cardozo and Lima, respectively Benfica's and Braga's strikers, were the joint top scorers with 20 goals.
Saddell Bay
Saddell Bay is an embayment along the eastern side of the Kintyre Peninsula of Scotland. Saddell Bay is an element of Kilbrannan Sound that separates the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. Other bays along the east side of the Kintyre Peninsula include Kildonald Bay and Dippen Bay.

Kildonald Bay
Kildonald Bay is a bay on the eastern side of the Kintyre Peninsula of Scotland. Kildonald Bay is an element of Kilbrannan Sound that separates the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. Other bays along the east side of the Kintyre Peninsula include Dippen Bay.
Battle of Song-Jin
The Battle of Song-Jin (Chinese: 松錦之戰) was fought in 1641 and 1642 at Songshan and Jinzhou, hence the name "Song-Jin". Hong Chengchou's 100,000 elite troops, sent to break the siege of Jinzhou, were crushed by the Eight banner armies of the Qing Dynasty at Songshan. Hong Chengchou and a small number of the remaining troops were besieged at Songshan and defeated a few months later. The Jinzhou garrison and the general Zu Dashou surrendered to the Qing army shortly after the defeat of Ming armies at Songshan.

Jinzhou
Jinzhou (/ˈdʒɪnˈdʒoʊ/, simplified Chinese: 锦州; traditional Chinese: 錦州; pinyin: Jǐnzhōu), formerly Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the Liaoxi Corridor, which connects most of the land transports between North China and Northeast China, and is the economic center of western Liaoning.  Located on the northern shore of Liaodong Bay, Jinzhou encompasses a coastline of 97.7 km (60.7 mi), with the Port of Jinzhou being China's northernmost seaport.

It is the fifth-most populous city in Liaoning, with a population of 2,703,853 (2020 census), of whom 1,524,362 reside in the built-up (or metro) area encompassing the 3 urban urban districts and Linghai City largely being conurbated. The total area under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou is 9,989 square kilometers (3,857 sq mi), most of which is rural.