hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Settle's Bridge
Settle's Bridge is a bridge in Rockingham County, North Carolina. The bridge crosses over the Dan River in between the towns of Stoneville and Wentworth. Prior to the original bridge's demolition in 1953, it was one of the last covered bridges in North Carolina. A modern concrete bridge was later built in its place.

Stoneville, North Carolina
Stoneville is a town in Rockingham County, North Carolina, United States. Stoneville is part of the Greensboro–High Point metropolitan area of the Piedmont Triad. At the 2020 United States census, the town had a population of 1,308.
Jo Maso
Jo Maso (born 27 December 1944) is a French former rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played centre and fly-half for the France national rugby union team, gaining 25 caps. He was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 2003. He is now the manager for the France national team.

Maso was born in Toulouse, France. Maso started his rugby career as a professional rugby league footballer for XIII Catalan, being the son of the French rugby league internationalist Jep Maso. However, he switched to union. He played club rugby for Narbonne, Toulonnais and Perpignan. He debuted for France against Italy in Naples in 1966. He also toured Australia, New Zealand and South Africa with the national side, and played three times for the Barbarians.

International Rugby Hall of Fame
The International Rugby Hall of Fame (IRHOF) was a hall of fame for rugby union. It was created in 1997 in New Zealand and is run as a charitable trust with an address at Chiswick in London. Most of the trustees are also inductees. IRHOF accepted new inductees every two years until 2007. Most inductees are former players, but others who have contributed to the game are eligible. In 2014 it was integrated into the IRB Hall of Fame, which then was renamed the World Rugby Hall of Fame.
Global debt
Global debt refers to the total amount of money owed by all sectors, including governments, businesses, and households worldwide.

As of 2022, global debt was the equivalent of 305 trillion USD. This includes debt by both public and private debtors. The total external debt owed by public and private debtors to creditors in other countries amounted to $76 trillion in 2019. The global debt continues to grow. Between 2015 and 2019 global debt increased by approximately 6% per year. According the International Monetary Fund in September 2025 total global debt was equivalent to 235 percent of global gross domestic product, of which 93% was government debt and 143% was private debt made up of Household debt and non-financial Corporate debt.

Household debt
Household debt is the combined debt of all people in a household, including consumer debt and mortgage loans. A significant rise in the level of this debt coincides historically with many severe economic crises and was a cause of the U.S. and subsequent euro area crisis. Several economists have argued that lowering this debt is essential to economic recovery in the U.S. and selected Eurozone countries.
Medway SLA100 Executive
The Medway SLA100 Executive, also called the Medway SLA 100 Executive, is a British ultralight aircraft designed and produced by Medway Microlights, of Rochester, Kent. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Bracing (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, bracing comprises structural members which stiffen the functional airframe to give it rigidity and strength under load. Bracing may be applied both internally and externally, and may take the form of struts, which act in compression or tension as the need arises, and/or wires, which act only in tension.

In general, bracing allows a stronger, lighter structure than one which is unbraced, but external bracing adds drag which slows down the aircraft and raises considerably more design issues than internal bracing. Another disadvantage of bracing wires is that they require routine checking and adjustment, or rigging, even when located internally.

During the early years of aviation, bracing was a universal feature of aeroplanes, including monoplanes and biplanes, which were then equally common. Bracing in the form of lift struts remains in use for some light commercial designs where a high wing and light weight are more important than ultimate performance.
ABC Highway
The ABC Highway is the main urban highway in Barbados. Opened in 1989, it is named after three famous Barbadian politicians: John Michael Geoffrey Manningham ("Tom") Adams, Errol Barrow, and Hugh Gordon Cummins.  From the east, the highway stretches from the Grantley Adams International Airport in Christ Church, to the western end at Cave Hill Road and University Drive, Cave Hill Campus, University of the West Indies, in Saint Michael. It roughly encircles the Parish of Saint Michael and the wider metropolitan area of Bridgetown.

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados
Cave Hill, St. Michael, is a suburban area situated in the parish of Saint Michael, Barbados.  It is located about 4 km north-west of the capital city Bridgetown, along the west coast of Barbados.

The University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, one of the general campuses of the University of the West Indies (UWI) system, is located here.
Kashiwameshi
Kashiwameshi(かしわ飯、かしわめし), also known as kashiwa-meshi or "chicken rice", is a traditional rice dish widely consumed in the Kyushu region of Japan, particularly in Fukuoka and Saga Prefectures. It is a type of seasoned rice dish (takikomi gohan) made by cooking rice together with chicken (kashiwa) and vegetables.

Takikomi gohan
Takikomi gohan (炊き込みご飯) is a Japanese rice dish seasoned with dashi and soy sauce and mixed with mushrooms, vegetables, meat, or fish. The ingredients are cooked together with the rice. The dish is consumed by people in Japan around the fall season since many root vegetables and mushrooms are harvested during this season in Japan. Ingredients will vary based on the seasonal vegetables and fish. Since the dish has nutritional value, and uses a small amount of rice with vegetables and proteins, some Japanese people eat it for dieting purposes.
Käkimaa
Käkimaa (or Kalarahu) is a 43.3 hectare island in Saare County belonging to the country of Estonia.
The islands coastline is 5.4 kilometers long. It is crescent-shaped and belongs to Vilsandi National Park.

Vilsandi National Park
Vilsandi National Park (Estonian: Vilsandi rahvuspark) is a marine protected area in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia.  It includes part of the island of Vilsandi, a number of smaller islands and adjacent parts of western Saaremaa including the Harilaid peninsula.
Jandala (Samahni Valley)
33°8′30″N 73°59′37″E﻿ / ﻿33.14167°N 73.99361°E﻿ / 33.14167; 73.99361

Jandala is a village in the Samahni Valley in the Bhimber District of Azad Kashmir, in Pakistan, about 6–7 km from Bindi. Nearby villages include Darhal, Kotli Gujjran, Barjun and Garhoon on the mountain, and Chadroon on the valley floor between Bindi and Jandala. The village is an employment hub for the area.

Samahni
Samahni (Urdu: سماہنی) is a small town and tehsil in Bhimber District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, located at a distance of 17.9 miles (28.8 km) by road northeast of Bhimber.  It lies in the Samahni Valley, an area noted for its production of medicinal plants. In 2017 it had a population of 1,44,756 people.

Most of the inhabitants speak Pahari, with some Punjabi influence. Urdu is still spoken and understood among the villagers.

Some important locations in the valley include:

Baghsar Fort - an ancient fort constructed by Mughal rulers

Baghsar Lake
Jimmie Guthrie
James Guthrie (23 May 1897 – 8 August 1937) was a Scottish motorcycle racer.

A motorcycle garage proprietor and professional motorcycle racer from Hawick Roxburghshire, Jimmie Guthrie was known as the “Flying Scotsman,” with a hard-charging motor-cycle racing style winning 14 European Continental Grand Prix in a three-year period 1934–1937 out of a total of 19 European Grand Prix victories .

While racing with the works Norton motorcycle team, Jimmie Guthrie won the 500cc FICM 500cc European motor-cycle championship for three consecutive years 1934–1937 and the 350cc category in 1937. During the 1930s, Jimmie Guthrie won the North West 200 races on three occasions and a further six wins at the Isle of Man TT races.

While leading on the last lap of the 1937  German Motorcycle Grand Prix, Jimmie Guthrie crashed for reasons that are still not entirely clear, speculated to be an incident with another competitor, or a mechanical issue. He later died later in hospital from the injuries.

Freddie Frith
Frederick Lee Frith OBE (30 May 1909 – 24 May 1988) was a British Grand Prix motorcycle road racing world champion. A former stonemason and later a motor cycle retailer in Grimsby, he was a stylish rider and five times winner of the Isle of Man TT. Frith was one of the few to win TT races before and after the Second World War. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1950 Birthday Honours.
Todorova Island
Todorova Island (Bulgarian: остров Тодорова, romanized: ostrov Todorova, IPA: [ˈɔstrof todoˈrɔvɐ]) is the triangular ice-covered island extending 1 km in southwest–northeast direction and 450 m in southeast–northwest direction, separated from the southwest coast of Belding Island in Biscoe Islands by a 1.2 km long passage narrowing to 80 m at points. Its surface area is 26.2 ha. The feature was formed as a result of the retreat of Belding Island's ice cap in 2011–2012.

The island is named after Katya Todorova, Deputy Foreign Minister responsible for Antarctica and member of the Antarctic Place-names Commission (2001–2005), participant in the Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition during the 2002/03 season.

Belding Island
Belding Island is an island 6 kilometres (3 nmi) long, lying west of the south end of Watkins Island, Biscoe Islands. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Harwood S. Belding, an American physiologist who was Director of the Quartermaster at the Climatic Research Laboratory, Department of the Army, Lawrence, Massachusetts, and initiated considerable research on cold climate clothing.
Glossary of the French Revolution
This glossary of the French Revolution generally does not explicate names of individual people or their political associations; those can be found in List of people associated with the French Revolution.

The terminology routinely used in discussing the French Revolution can be confusing. The same political faction may be referred to by different historians (or by the same historian in different contexts) by different names. During much of the revolutionary period, the French used a newly invented calendar that fell into complete disuse after the revolutionary era. Different legislative bodies had rather similar names, not always translated uniformly into English.

Thermidor
Thermidor (French pronunciation: [tɛʁmidɔʁ]) was the eleventh month in the French Republican calendar. The month was named after the French word thermal, derived from the Greek word thermos 'heat'.

Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). It started on 19 or 20 July. It ended on 17 or 18 August. It follows Messidor and precedes Fructidor. During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor.

Because of the Thermidorian Reaction—9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical Maximilien Robespierre and his followers in that month, the word "Thermidor" has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities.
Harbert Management Corporation
Harbert Management Corporation is an American investment management company. It is based in Birmingham, Alabama and was founded in 1993 by Raymond J. Harbert.

The company has investment funds in seven alternative asset classes in two areas of concentration real assets  and private capital.

HMC has offices in Birmingham, Atlanta, Dallas, Nashville, New York, Richmond, San Francisco, London, Luxembourg, Paris, and Madrid.

Bill L. Harbert
Bill Lebold Harbert (July 21, 1923 – June 27, 2010) was an American  businessman and founder of the international construction firm B.L. Harbert International. He was the brother of businessman John M. Harbert.
Princely rebellion
A princely rebellion or princely revolt is an intrastate armed conflict by a prince (or princess) against a reigning monarch of their own family, the ruling dynasty. A prince may rebel against a well-established monarch (usually his father, brother, or uncle, or sometimes mother) in order to seize the throne for himself immediately (either because he is impatient to wait for the current monarch to die or abdicate, or wants to prevent potential rivals from acceding first), to ensure his supposed right to sit on the throne in the future, or to secure other rights, privileges or interests such as appanages, alliances or sources of revenue that the monarch allegedly encroached upon, or failed to deliver or guarantee.

Like wars of succession, princely rebellions were a common type of war in human history, but have seldom occurred after 1900 due to the disappearance of absolute monarchies.

Khusrau Mirza
Khusrau Mirza (16 August 1587 – 26 January 1622) was the eldest son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and his first wife, Shah Begum. Being Jahangir's eldest son, he was the heir-apparent to his father but Jahangir favoured his son Khurram Mirza (the future emperor Shah Jahan) as he held an animosity against Khusrau.

Beloved by his grandfather, the emperor Akbar, Khusrau Mirza came to be considered a candidate to succeed Akbar over his dissolute and choleric father, gathering a court faction which included his father-in-law Mirza Aziz Koka and his maternal uncle Raja Man Singh. After Jahangir's ascent to the Mughal throne in 1605, growing tensions would cause Khusrau to rebel in April 1606. Rapidly defeated, Khusrau was blinded and imprisoned until 1619. In 1620, Khusrau was sent on a mission to Deccan with his brother, the future Shah Jahan. He died at Burhanpur, on the 26 of January 1622: historians generally believe that he was killed by order of his brother.
Donauwelle
Donauwelle (German pronunciation: [ˈdoːnaʊ̯ˌvɛlə] ⓘ, lit. 'Danube wave') is a traditional sheet cake popular in Germany and Austria. It is made of layers of plain and chocolate pound cake combined to have a wavy border between them. It contains sour cherries and is topped with buttercream and chocolate glaze.

Pound cake
Pound cake is a type of cake traditionally made with a pound of each of four ingredients: flour, butter, eggs, and sugar.  Pound cakes are generally baked in either a loaf pan or a Bundt mold. They are sometimes served either dusted with powdered sugar, lightly glazed with syrup, with a coat of icing, or with whipped cream and fruit.
Cold foil printing
Cold foil printing, also known as cold foil stamping, is a modern method of printing metallic foil on a substrate in order to enhance the aesthetic of the final product. Cold foil printing can be done two ways: the older dry lamination process common in the offset printing industry, or the newer, more versatile wet lamination process, which is dominant in the flexo label industry.

Substrate (printing)
Substrate is used in a converting process such as printing or coating to generally describe the base material onto which, e.g. images, will be printed.  Base materials may include:

plastic films or foils,

release liner

textiles,

plastic containers

any variety of paper (lightweight, heavyweight, coated, uncoated, paperboard, cardboard, etc.), or

parchment.
Pupoidopsis hawaiensis
Pupoidopsis hawaiensis is a species of very small or minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.

This species is endemic to the Hawaii.

Pupillidae
Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea.

This family has two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).: Pupillinae W. Turton, 1831 and Pupoidinae Iredale, 1940.
Rangitaiki Solar Farm
The Rangitaiki Solar Farm is a photovoltaic power station near Edgecumbe in the Whakatāne District of New Zealand. The farm is owned by Lodestone Energy. The farm has a capacity of 32 MW, and will generate 54 GWh a year.

Construction began in March 2023. As with Lodestone's other farms, Rangitaiki uses elevated racks, allowing the area underneath the panels to be used for sheep pasture. It began generating electricity in March 2024. Construction was completed in July 2024.

Whakatāne District
Whakatāne District is a territorial authority district on the North Island of New Zealand. The Whakatāne District Council is headquartered in the largest town, Whakatāne. The district falls within the Bay of Plenty Region. Nándor Tánczos has been the mayor of Whakatāne since the 2025 local elections.

The district has an area of 4465 square kilometres, of which 4450 square kilometres are land. The population was 38,400 as of June 2025.
Mountain and moorland pony breeds
Mountain and moorland, frequently abbreviated M&M, is a classification of nine pony breeds native to the British Isles that originated on the moorlands, heaths, highlands and uplands. These breeds are domesticated for riding, driving, and other draught work, though some breeders keep semi-feral herds for conservation purposes. Mountain and moorland classes are common at horse shows in the British Isles.

Draft horse
A draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK), also known as dray horse, carthorse, work horse or heavy horse, is a large horse bred to pull heavy loads and work agricultural tasks such as plowing. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but all share common traits of strength, patience, and a docile temperament. While indispensable to generations of pre-industrial farmers, draft horses today are used for many purposes such as driving, logging, and farming, as well as recreation and showing. Draft horses have been crossed with light riding breeds such as the Thoroughbred to create sport horse and warmblood breeds.
Zhang Changpu
Zhang Changpu (c. 199 – c.March 257) was a concubine of Zhong Yao, a high minister of the state of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was also the mother of Zhong Hui, a Wei general who played a significant role in the conquest of Wei's rival state, Shu, in 263. Her given name was not recorded in history; "Changpu" was actually her courtesy name. According to her biography written by Zhong Hui, she was a strict mother to Zhong Hui and played a significant role in his early education. She was also known for her virtuous conduct and wisdom.

Pei Songzhi
Pei Songzhi (372–451), courtesy name Shiqi, was a Chinese historian and politician who lived in the late Eastern Jin dynasty and the Liu Song dynasty. His ancestral home was in Wenxi County, Shanxi, but he moved to the Jiangnan region later. He is best known for making annotations to the historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) written by Chen Shou in the third century, providing additional details omitted from the original work. His commentary, completed in 429, became integral to later editions of the Sanguozhi, making the joint work three times as long as the original. His son, Pei Yin (裴駰), and great-grandson Pei Ziye (裴子野), were also well-known historians.
Ionochromism
Ionochromism, similar to chromic methods such as photochromism, thermochromism and other chromism phenomena, is the reversible process of changing the color of a material by absorption or emission spectra of molecules using ions. Electrochromism is similar to ionochromism as it involves the use of electrons in order to change the color of materials. Both electrochromic and ionochromic materials undergo a change in color by the flow of charged particles, where electrochromic materials only involve an anionic species or negatively charged species such as electrons. An example of an ionochromic dye is a complexometric indicator. A complexometric indicator involves the presence of metal ions in order to facilitate color change and is often used in complexometric titration.

Electrochromism
Electrochromism  is a phenomenon in which a material displays changes in  color or opacity  in response to an electrical stimulus. In this way, a smart window made of an electrochromic material can block specific wavelengths of ultraviolet, visible or (near) infrared light. The ability to control the transmittance of near-infrared light can increase the energy efficiency of a building, reducing the amount of energy needed to cool during summer and heat during winter.

As the color change is persistent and energy needs only to be applied to effect a change, electrochromic materials are used to control the amount of light and heat allowed to pass through a surface, most commonly "smart windows". One popular application is in the automobile industry where it is used to automatically tint rear-view mirrors in various lighting conditions.
Apsona
Apsona is a genus of small-headed flies. It contains only one species, Apsona muscaria, which is endemic to New Zealand. It is very similar to the North American species Eulonchus smaragdinus.

A second species, Apsona caerulea, was described from Brazil by Enrico Brunetti in 1926, but its true placement is not clear. In a 1957 PhD thesis by Evert I. Schlinger, Apsona caerulea was transferred to the genus Lasia. Because the dissertation is considered to be unpublished according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this nomenclatural act is not valid.

Acroceridae
The Acroceridae are a small family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequently applied common names are small-headed flies or hunch-back flies. Many are bee or wasp mimics. Because they are parasitoids of spiders, they also are sometimes known as spider flies.
New Kids: The Final
New Kids: The Final is the second extended play by South Korean boy band iKON. It is the final installment of the group's four-part album series following the single album New Kids: Begin and extended play New Kids: Continue.
It was released by YG Entertainment on October 1, 2018. The mini-album includes a total of four tracks.

New Kids: Begin
New Kids: Begin is the first single album by South Korean boy group iKON. It is the first album released since their single "#WYD" was released in May 2016, and their debut album "Welcome Back" was released in 2015.

The single album was a commercial success peaking at number 2 on the Gaon Album Chart. It has sold over 73,823 physical copies as of June 2017.
Jirón Caylloma
Jirón Caylloma, also known as Jirón Cailloma, is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with Jirón Conde de Superunda and continues until it reaches Jirón Quilca.

The street has housed important characters of the republican history of Peru, such as Colonel Francisco Bolognesi and poet José Santos Chocano.

Juan Bromley
Juan C. Bromley Seminario (Callao; September 2, 1894 – Lima; May 31, 1968) was a Peruvian historian and lawyer. He served as municipal secretary in the Municipality of Lima, urban planning researcher in the city of Lima, and was also president of various Peruvian soccer clubs.