hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constructive fraud
Constructive fraud is a legal fiction describing a situation where a person or entity gained an unfair advantage over another by deceitful or unfair methods. Intent does not need to be shown as in the case of actual fraud. Some unfair methods may include not telling customers about defects in a product.

The elements are:

a duty owing by the party to be charged to the complaining party due to their relationship;

violation of that duty by the making of deceptive material misrepresentations of past or existing facts or remaining silent when a duty to speak exists;

reliance thereon by the complaining party;

injury to the complaining party as a proximate result thereof; and

the gaining of an advantage by the party to be charged at the expense of the complaining party.

Legal fiction
A legal fiction is a construct used in law where, in order to facilitate a specific outcome, a position is taken to be true, even if such a position is not literally true. Legal fictions can be employed by the courts or found in legislation.

Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved, such as the presumption of legitimacy.

The term legal fiction is sometimes used in a pejorative way. Jeremy Bentham was a famous historical critic of legal fictions. Proponents of legal fictions, particularly of their use historically, identify legal fictions as "scaffolding around a building under construction".
Orenburzhye
Orenburzhie is a commercial airline headquartered in Orenburg, Russia, on the ground of Orenburg Airport. It serves as regular and charter passenger airline out of Orenburg and Izhevsk Airport. It is currently banned from flying in the EU.

Kurchatov Chelyabinsk International Airport
Kurchatov Chelyabinsk International Airport (Balandino) (IATA: CEK, ICAO: USCC) is an international airport in Russia located 18 km north of Chelyabinsk. It services large airliners and can park up to 51 aircraft. It also serves as a secondary hub for Ural Airlines and Yamal Airlines.
Little River (Big Lake)
The Little River is a short river in Maine. 
From the outflow of Little River Lake (45°09′26″N 67°48′42″W﻿ / ﻿45.1571°N 67.8118°W﻿ / 45.1571; -67.8118﻿ (Little River source)) in T.47 MD BPP, the river runs 7.1 miles (11.4 km) southeast and northeast to Big Lake in T.27 ED BPP.

Little River and its main tributary, Grand Lake Brook, provide an alternate drainage from West Grand Lake to Big Lake, in parallel to Grand Lake Stream. Big Lake drains into the Grand Falls Flowage, a reservoir created by the Grand Falls Dam on the St. Croix River in Baileyville.

St. Croix River (Maine–New Brunswick)
The St. Croix River (French: Fleuve Sainte-Croix; Maliseet-Passamaquoddy: Skutik) is a river in northeastern North America, 71 miles (114 km) in length, that forms part of the Canada–United States border between Maine (U.S.) and New Brunswick (Canada). The river rises in the Chiputneticook Lakes and flows south and southeast, between Calais and St. Stephen. It discharges into Passamaquoddy Bay, in the Bay of Fundy.
IBM 727
The IBM 727 Magnetic Tape Unit was announced for the IBM 701 and IBM 702 on September 25, 1953. It became IBM's standard tape drive for their early vacuum-tube era computer systems. Later vacuum-tube machines and first-generation transistor computers used the IBM 729-series tape drive. The 727 was withdrawn on May 12, 1971.

Write protection
Write protection is any physical mechanism that prevents writing, modifying, or erasing data on a device. Most commercial software, audio and video on writeable media is write-protected when distributed.
Praia do Canal
Praia do Canal is a beach within the Municipality of Aljezur, in the Algarve, Portugal. The beach is on the western Seaboard in the north west of the Algarve. The beach is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) south west of the village of Aljezur, and is 65.6 miles (105.6 km) north west, by road, from the regions capital of Faro. The beach of  Praia do Canal is inside the Vicentine Coast Natural Park, an area of outstanding natural beauty.

Aljezur
Aljezur  (Portuguese pronunciation: [alʒɨˈzuɾ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Aljezur (Portuguese: Vila de Aljezur), is a town and municipality of the District of Faro and Algarve region, in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,884, in an area of 323.50 km2. The municipality comprises 4 parishes.
Oncopeltus sanguinolentus
Oncopeltus sanguinolentus, the blood-colored milkweed bug, is a species of seed bug in the family Lygaeidae. It is found in Central America and North America. Like several other members in the genus Oncopeltus, it preferentially feeds on milkweed plants, particularly Asclepias subulata.

Lygaeidae
The Lygaeidae are a family in the Hemiptera (true bugs), with more than 110 genera in four subfamilies. The family is commonly referred to as seed bugs, and less commonly, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs. Many  species feed on seeds, some on sap or seed pods, others are omnivores and a few, such as the wekiu bug, are insectivores. Insects in this family are distributed across the world.

The family was vastly larger, but numerous former subfamilies have been removed and given independent family status, including  the Artheneidae, Blissidae, Cryptorhamphidae, Cymidae, Geocoridae, Heterogastridae, Ninidae, Oxycarenidae and Rhyparochromidae, which together constituted well over half of the former family.

The bizarre and mysterious beetle-like Psamminae were formerly often placed in the Piesmatidae, but this is almost certainly incorrect. Their true affiliations are not entirely resolved.
Radeon HD 7000 series
The Radeon HD 7000 series, codenamed "Southern Islands", is a family of GPUs developed by AMD, and manufactured on TSMC's 28 nm process.

The primary competitor of Southern Islands was Nvidia's GeForce 600 series (also manufactured at TSMC), which shipped during Q1 2012, largely due to the immaturity of the 28 nm process.

Radeon HD 5000 series
The Evergreen series is a family of GPUs developed by Advanced Micro Devices for its Radeon line under the ATI brand name.  It was employed in Radeon HD 5000 graphics card series and competed directly with NVIDIA's GeForce 400 series.
Nagaland Page
Nagaland Page was a daily English newspaper published from Dimapur in the Indian state of Nagaland. It was founded in May 1999 by Monalisa Changkija. The newspaper was based in Khermahal, Dimapur and was printed in a tabloid format. It ceased publication in December 2024.

Dimapur
Dimapur (/diməˈpʊər/) is the largest city and municipality in the Indian state of Nagaland. As of 2024 , the municipality had a population of 172,000. The city is the main gateway and commercial centre of Nagaland. It is located near the border with Assam, along the banks of the Dhansiri River. Its main railway station is the second busiest station in Northeast India. It was an important logistics and supply hub for the Allied forces during the Second World War.
Thomas Crapper
Thomas Crapper (baptised 28 September 1836; died 27 January 1910) was an English plumber and businessman. He founded Thomas Crapper & Co in London, a plumbing equipment company. His notability with regard to toilets has often been overstated, mostly due to the publication in 1969 of a tongue-in-cheek biography by New Zealand satirist Wallace Reyburn.

Crapper held nine patents, three of them for water closet improvements such as the floating ballcock. He improved the S-bend plumbing trap in 1880 by inventing the U-bend. The firm's lavatorial equipment was manufactured at premises in nearby Marlborough Road (now Draycott Avenue). The company owned the world's first bath, toilet and sink showroom in King's Road. Crapper was noted for the quality of his products and received several royal warrants.

Manhole covers with Crapper's company's name on them in Westminster Abbey have become one of London's minor tourist attractions.

King's Road
King's Road or Kings Road (or sometimes the King's Road, especially when it was the king's private road until 1830, or as a colloquialism by middle/upper class London residents) is a major street stretching through Chelsea and Fulham, both in west London, England. It is associated with 1960s style and with fashion figures such as Mary Quant and Vivienne Westwood. Sir Oswald Mosley's Blackshirt movement had a barracks on the street in the 1930s.
Middleton, South Africa
Middleton is a hamlet in the Blue Crane Route Local Municipality of the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Middleton is situated on the banks of the Fish River off the N10 road and is about 30 kilometres (20 mi) south of Cookhouse.

Great Fish River
The Great Fish River (called great to distinguish it from the Namibian Fish River) (Afrikaans: Groot-Visrivier) is a river running 644 kilometres (400 mi) through the South African province of the Eastern Cape. The coastal area between Port Elizabeth and the Fish River mouth is known as the Sunshine Coast. The Great Fish River was originally named Rio do Infante, after João Infante, the captain of one of the caravels of Bartolomeu Dias. Infante visited the river in the late 1480s.

The name Great Fish is a misnomer, since it is a translation of the Dutch Groot Visch Rivier, which was the name of a tributary in the vicinity of Cradock, which at its confluence with the Little Fish (Klein Visch Rivier) forms what is properly called the (Eastern Cape) Fish River.
Redley A. Killion
Redley A. Killion (born 23 October 1951) is a Micronesian politician and public servant, who served two consecutive terms as the sixth Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 1999 to May 2007.

Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia
The vice president of Federated States of Micronesia is the second highest position in Federated States of Micronesia. The vice president is elected by the Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia from among the at-large members for a four-year term. The vice president is also a part of the legislature. The annual salary of the vice president is set to US$70,000.

The history of the office holders is as follows:
Jimmy Crack Corn
"Jimmy Crack Corn" or "Blue-Tail Fly" is an American song which first became popular during the rise of blackface minstrelsy in the 1840s through performances by the Virginia Minstrels. It regained currency as a folk song in the 1940s at the beginning of the American folk music revival and has since become a popular children's song. Over the years, several variants have appeared.

Most versions include some idiomatic African American English, although General American versions now predominate. The basic narrative remains intact. On the surface, the song is a black slave's lament over his white master's death in a horse-riding accident. The song, however, is also interpreted as having a subtext of celebration about that death and of the slave having contributed to it through deliberate negligence or even deniable action.

Whisky
Whisky or whiskey is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, commonly of charred white oak. Uncharred white oak casks previously used for the aging of port, rum, or sherry may be employed during storage to impart a unique flavour and colour.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.
The Old Cannon Brewery
The Old Cannon Brewery is a brewpub in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK. They have a roster of regular cask ales that are produced year round, as well as several popular seasonal beers that are produced at certain times of the year.  It is one of two breweries in Bury St Edmunds, the other being the Greene King Brewery.

Greene King
Greene King is a British pub and brewing company founded in 1799, currently based in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. The company also owns brands including Hungry Horse and Farmhouse Inns, as well as other pubs, restaurants and hotels. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE), until it was acquired by CK Assets in October 2019.

Its best known beers are Greene King IPA and Abbot Ale, the third and fifth highest selling cask ales in Britain.
J'Son (singer)
J'son (born Jason Tyrel Thomas; May 4, 1980) is an American R&B singer who was signed to Hollywood Records in the 1990s with three charting hits on the US Billboard Hot 100. He also scored two top 5 singles in New Zealand.

The 6th Man
The 6th Man, sometimes titled The Sixth Man, is a 1997 American sports comedy film directed by Randall Miller. The film stars Marlon Wayans and Kadeem Hardison. The film features real National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools, although the rosters are fictitious. Some schools shown in the film include the University of Washington, University of Massachusetts Amherst, California State University, Fresno (better known as Fresno State), Georgetown University, the University of Kentucky, the University of Arkansas, UCLA, and others. The film features cameos from college basketball personalities such as Jerry Tarkanian and Dick Vitale.

The film was released in the United States on March 28, 1997 to negative reviews from critics and mild box office success, grossing almost $15 million.
Punch Tominaga
Chihiro Tominaga (富永千尋, Tominaga Chihiro), better known by his ring name Punch Tominaga (パンチ富永, Panchi Tominaga), is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently working for the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Dragon Gate where he is a former Open the Brave Gate Champion.

Open the Triangle Gate Championship
The Open the Triangle Gate Championship is a professional wrestling trios title in Japanese promotion Dragon Gate. It was created on November 7, 2004 when The Italian Connection faction of Milano Collection A.T., Anthony W. Mori and Yossino defeated Aagan Iisou's Shuji Kondo, Takuya Sugawara and "brother" Yasshi in a tournament final. Each title belt's face has three emblems on it, shaped in a triangle, that represent Power, Technique and Mind.

Not including interim reigns, there have been a total of 72 recognized individual champions and 84 recognized trios, who have had a combined 98 official reigns. Natural Vibes (GuC, Key and Kzy) are the current champions in their first reign.
Armed Forces General Command (Poland)
The Armed Forces General Command (Polish: Dowództwo Generalne Rodzajów Sił Zbrojnych, DGRSZ) is a joint command of the Polish Armed Forces, responsible for the combat training and readiness, supply, personnel and technical complement of military units of the armed forces during peace and crisis. It holds administrative command of the units, which are transferred under the operational control of the Armed Forces Operational Command. The current (March 2023) General Commander is Lt Gen Wiesław Kukuła. It is subordinated to the Chief of the General Staff.

Command (military formation)
A command in military terminology is an organisational unit for which a military commander is responsible.  Commands, sometimes called units or formations, form the building blocks of a military.  A commander is normally specifically appointed to the role in order to provide a legal framework for the authority bestowed.  Naval and military officers have legal authority by virtue of their officer's commission, but the specific responsibilities and privileges of command are derived from the publication of appointment.

The relevant definition of 'command' according to the United States Department of Defense (US DOD) is as follows:

(DOD) 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant command; combatant command (command authority).
1992 Australian Open – Women's singles
Defending champion Monica Seles defeated Mary Joe Fernández in the final, 6–2, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1992 Australian Open. It was her second Australian Open title and fifth major title overall.

1992 Australian Open
The 1992 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia and was held from 13 through 26 January 1992. It was the 80th edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year.
Church of Saint Stephen (Minneapolis, Minnesota)
The Church of Saint Stephen is a historic Roman Catholic church in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis in the U.S. state of Minnesota. This neighborhood is where entrepreneurs and businessmen built their mansions in the modern-day Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District. The building was constructed with sandstone, brick, concrete, and copper in 1889–1891.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is considered significant as an early and well-preserved example of a Richardsonian Romanesque/Romanesque Revival church.

Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District
The Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District is a historic district in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, centered on Washburn-Fair Oaks Park.  The city of Minneapolis designated a district bordered by Franklin Avenue, Fourth Avenue South, 26th Street East, and First Avenue South.  A smaller district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, includes seven mansions along and near 22nd Street East.
Koitere Lacus
Koitere Lacus is one of a number of hydrocarbon lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.  The lake is composed of liquid methane and ethane, and was detected by the space probe Cassini.

The lacus is located at coordinates 79.4°N and 36.14°W on Titan's globe, in a region close to the north pole where most of Titan's lakes are located. The lake is 68 km in length, and is named after Koitere, a lake in Finland.

Lakes and rivers of Titan
Lakes of liquid ethane and methane exist on the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. This was confirmed by the Cassini–Huygens space probe, as had been suspected since the 1980s. The large bodies of liquid are known as maria (seas) and the small ones as lacūs (lakes).
Ziwu Campaign
The Ziwu Campaign was a military counter offensive launched in 230 by the state of Cao Wei against his rival state Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The campaign was initiated by Wei's Grand Marshal, Cao Zhen following the numerous Northern Expeditions and more recently the battle of Jianwei.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu Han against the rival state of Cao Wei from 228 to 234 during the Three Kingdoms period in China. All five expeditions were led by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor and regent of Shu after Kingdom of Wei and Shu were established. Although they proved unsuccessful and ended up as a stalemate, the expeditions have become some of the best-known conflicts of the Three Kingdoms period and one of its few battles during which each side (Shu and Wei) fought with hundreds of thousands of troops, as opposed to other battles in which one side had a huge numerical advantage.

The expeditions are dramatised and romanticised in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which includes the famous scene of the Empty Fort Strategy.
36th Gawad Urian Awards
The 36th Gawad Urian Awards (Filipino: Ika-36 na Gawad Urian) is held on June 18, 2013. Established in 1976, the Gawad Urian Awards highlights the best of Philippine cinema as decided by the Filipino Film Critics. The best Philippine films for the year 2012 are honored in the event at the NBC Tent in Bonifacio Global City. Alessandra de Rossi sets a record for this awards season as the first performer to be nominated three times in one year: Best Actress for Baybayin, and Best Supporting Actress for Mater Dolorosa and Sta. Niña.

Gawad Urian Award
The Gawad Urian Awards are annual film awards in the Philippines presented since 1977 by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (transl. Filipino Film Critics), an organization composed of film critic, writers, and scholars. It is the regarded as the highest award for a film given by critics in the Philippines and is seen as the counterpart of the United States' New York Film Critics Circle.

The name "Gawad Urian" is from Tagalog terms urian (a standard for gold) and gawad (award). It is the only major award-giving body in the Philippines to use the vernacular in awards shows and in the presentation of the awards. The official name for the Best Film category is Pinakamahusay na Pelikula, for example.
Vurnon Anita
Vurnon San Benito Anita (born 4 April 1989) is a Curaçaoan professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or full-back for Vierde Divisie side Ajax Amateurs. Born in Curaçao and raised in the Netherlands, Anita played for the Netherlands national team in 2010 before switching to play for the Curaçao national team in 2021.

Anita releases rap music under the moniker "JR (Vurnon Anita)".

2010–11 Eredivisie
The 2010–11 Eredivisie is the 55th season of Eredivisie since its establishment in 1955. It began on 6 August 2010 with the first matches of the season and ended on 29 May 2011 with the last matches of the European competition and relegation playoffs. FC Twente were the reigning champions, having won their first Dutch championship the previous season. A total of 18 teams took part in the league.
Ajax won their 30th title after beating FC Twente 3–1 on 15 May 2011.
Caresse Crosby
Caresse Crosby (born Mary Phelps Jacob; April 20, 1892 – January 24, 1970) was an American publisher and writer. Time called her the "literary godmother to the Lost Generation of expatriate writers in Paris." As an American patron of the arts, she and her second husband, Harry Crosby, founded the Black Sun Press, which was instrumental in publishing some of the early works of many authors who would later become famous, among them Anaïs Nin, Kay Boyle, Ernest Hemingway, Archibald MacLeish, Henry Miller, Charles Bukowski, Hart Crane, and Robert Duncan. She was also the recipient of a patent for the first successful modern bra.

Archibald MacLeish
Archibald MacLeish (May 7, 1892 – April 20, 1982) was an American poet and writer, who was associated with the modernist school of poetry. MacLeish studied English at Yale University and law at Harvard University. He enlisted in and saw action during the First World War and lived in Paris in the 1920s. On returning to the United States, he contributed to Henry Luce's magazine Fortune from 1929 to 1938. For five years, MacLeish was the ninth Librarian of Congress, a post he accepted at the urging of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. From 1949 to 1962, he was Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard. He was awarded three Pulitzer Prizes for his work.
Shame on You, Brigitte!
Shame on You, Brigitte! (German: Schäm' dich, Brigitte!) is a 1952 Austrian comedy film directed by E.W. Emo and starring Heinz Rühmann, Hans Moser and Theo Lingen. It was later released in West Germany under the alternative title Wir werden das Kind schon schaukeln. It is based on the play Bubusch, a German-language version of a work by Hungarian writer Gábor Vaszary, which had previously been adapted into the 1943 German film Geliebter Schatz.

The film was made with the backing of Gloria Film, which handled its distribution in the lucrative West German market. It was shot at the Schönbrunn Studios and on location around Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gustav Abel.

Beloved Darling
Beloved Darling (German: Geliebter Schatz) is a 1943 German comedy film directed by Paul Martin and starring Johannes Riemann, Dorit Kreysler and Sonja Ziemann. It was shot partly at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Franz Bi and Bruno Lutz. It is based on the play Babusch by Hungarian writer Gábor Vaszary.