hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albrecht von Boeselager
Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager (born 4 October 1949) is a German lawyer and forester, and was formerly a member of the Sovereign Council of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He served as Grand Hospitaller from 1989 to 2014, and from 2014 until 3 September 2022 as its grand chancellor. Boeselager was at the centre of a leadership controversy within the Order of Malta in late 2016 and early 2017. After Boeslager was suspended as grand chancellor, Pope Francis intervened to restore him to office and require the resignation of the prince and grand master of the order, Matthew Festing. Pope Francis dissolved the Sovereign Council on 3 September 2022, and appointed Ricardo Paternò di Montecupo as grand chancellor.

Riccardo Paternò di Montecupo
H.E. Don Riccardo Paternò, Count of Montecupo, Prince of Cerenzia, of the Dukes of San Nicola and Pozzomauro (born 5 October 1945) is an Italian economist and academic serving as the Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta since September 2022. He is a member of the House of Paternò, a major Sicilian noble family.
Mackenrodt
Mackenrodt is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

Herrstein
Herrstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁʃtaɪn]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen.
HD 129456
HD 129456, also known by its Bayer designation c1 Centauri (c1 Cen), is a star in the constellation Centaurus.  c¹ Centauri is an orange K-type giant with an apparent magnitude of +4.06.  It is approximately 209 light years from Earth.

Centaurus
Centaurus (/sɛnˈtɔːrəs, -ˈtɑːr-/ sen-TOR-əss, -⁠TAR-) is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half human, half horse (another constellation named after a centaur is one from the zodiac: Sagittarius). Notable stars include Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system to the Solar System, its neighbour in the sky Beta Centauri, and HR 5171, one of the largest stars yet discovered. The constellation also contains Omega Centauri, the brightest globular cluster as visible from Earth and the largest identified in the Milky Way, possibly a remnant of a dwarf galaxy.
Genetic history of the African diaspora
The genetic history of the African diaspora is composed of the overall genetic history of the African diaspora, within regions outside of Africa, such as North America, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia; this includes the genetic histories of African Americans, Afro-Canadians, Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latinos, Afro-Europeans, Afro-Asians, and African Australians.

Haplogroup L3
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.

It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
It is inherited by all modern non-African populations, as well as by some populations in Africa.
Südost Autobahn
The Südost Autobahn (A3; 'Southeast Motorway') is a motorway, or ‘Autobahn’,  in Austria. It runs from the Süd Autobahn at the junction Knoten Guntramsdorf southeast to Eisenstadt.

It was built between the 1970s and 1996, with multiple sections being opened for traffic once at a time.

Near Eisenstadt the A3 ends, where it crosses the Burgenland Expressway S 31 and merges into the B 16. Motorists can proceed on the B 16 towards the border with Hungary and enter the M85 expressway (Hungary) at Sopron. Plans to link the A3 and the M85 directly at the border have been abandoned by the Austrian authorities due to environmental and climate concerns.

Süd Autobahn
The Süd Autobahn (A2) ('South Motorway') is a motorway (Autobahn) in Austria. Completed in 1999, it runs from the outskirts of Vienna south via the cities of Graz and Klagenfurt to the border of Italy at Arnoldstein, where it joins the Autostrada A23. With a total length of 377.3 km (234.4 mi), the A2 is Austria's longest motorway.
Johan Swinnen (economist)
Johan "Jo" Swinnen (born 1962) is a Belgian economist, who is the Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and Managing Director of the Systems Transformation Science Group of CGIAR.

He is known for his work on agricultural and food policy, political economy, institutional reforms, trade, and global value chains within the context of international development.

International Association of Agricultural Economists
The International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) is an International professional organization for agricultural economists. IAAE publishes the peer-reviewed journal Agricultural Economics. The flagship conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE), the International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), is held every three years.

Although founded in England in 1929, the Association was only formally incorporated as a 501(c)(6) organization in the US as of 2012, as the "International Association of Agricultural Economists, Inc". The related "Fund for the International Conference of Agricultural Economics" was registered as a 501(c)(3) organization in the US in 1960, to offer support for travel and registration costs to the triennial conference.
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is an hybrid open-access peer-reviewed medical journal that was established in 1990 in Iran. It covers all aspects of the pharmaceutical sciences. The editor-in-chief is Mohammad Abdollahi. From 2018 the journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Hybrid open-access journal
A hybrid open-access journal is a subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access. This status typically requires the payment of a publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher in order to publish an article open access, in addition to the continued payment of subscriptions to access all other content. Strictly speaking, the term "hybrid open-access journal" is incorrect, possibly misleading, as using the same logic such journals could also be called "hybrid subscription journals". Simply using the term "hybrid access journal" is accurate.

Publishers that offer a hybrid open access option often use different names for it. The SHERPA/RoMEO site provides a list of publishers and the names of their options. The Open Access Directory provides a list of funds that support open access journals, and provides information about which funds will pay fees of hybrid open access journals.
The Arts Institute
The Arts Institute (formerly Peninsula Arts) operates from within the Faculty of Arts and serves as the Arts and Culture programming umbrella organisation for the University of Plymouth. The year round public programme includes exhibitions, music, film, talks and performing arts.

Its aim is to provide a prestigious and wide-ranging series of events which open up the arts and university to the people of Plymouth, the South West and visitors to the region.

The University of Plymouth Contemporary Music Festival is an annual event hosted with the University of Plymouth Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Research, and occurs in February.

University of Plymouth
The University of Plymouth is a public research university based predominantly in Plymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges across South West England. With 18,410 students, it is the 57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including the Open University).
Haswell Plough
Haswell Plough is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated between Durham and Peterlee, south of Haswell. Haswell Plough was first mentioned in the 12th century as being one of three parts of the village of Haswell. It is also the village where MEP of thirty years Stephen Hughes was brought up.

Haswell, County Durham
Haswell is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the city of Durham, 9 miles (14 km) south of the city of Sunderland and 3.1 miles (5.0 km) north-west of the town of Peterlee.
Waste House
Waste House is a building on the University of Brighton campus in the centre of Brighton on the south coast of England.  It was built between 2012 and 2014 as a project involving hundreds of students and apprentices and was designed by Duncan Baker-Brown, an architect who also lectures at the university.  The materials consist of a wide range of construction industry and household waste—from toothbrushes and old jeans to VHS cassettes and bicycle inner tubes—and it is the first public building in Europe to be built primarily of such products.  "From a distance [resembling] an ordinary contemporary town house", Waste House is designed to be low-energy and sustainable, and will be in continuous use as a test-bed for the university's design, architecture and engineering students.  The building has won several awards and was shortlisted for the Royal Institute of British Architects' Stephen Lawrence Prize in September 2015.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
Die Päkhy-Sprache
Die Päkhy-Sprache (which means The Ubykh Language in German) is the title of a treatise in the Ubykh language, written by Gyula Mészáros and published in 1934 by the University of Chicago Press.

It was the first major descriptive work written in Ubykh. At the time of the treatise, the phonological complexities of the language were not fully understood. The transcription system used in the book was somewhat lacking, distinguishing only about 80% of Ubykh's 80-odd phonemes. Despite this shortcoming, Mészáros's account of the grammar was quite accurate. The quality and scope of the 402 page book drew much attention to this obscure language, paving the way for the further documentation of the Ubykh language by Georges Dumézil, Hans Vogt and Tevfik Esenç.

Tevfik Esenç
Tevfik Esenç (Turkish pronunciation: [tevˈfic esɛnt͡ʃ]; 1904 – 7 October 1992) was a Turkish citizen of Ubykh origin, known for being the last speaker of the Ubykh language. He was fluent in Ubykh, Adyghe and Turkish. After his death in 1992, the Ubykh language went extinct despite the efforts and work of numerous linguists to revive it. Nevertheless, Esenç is single-handedly responsible for the world's current knowledge of the Ubykh language and culture being as extensive and detailed as it is.
Intravesical drug delivery
Intravesical drug delivery is the delivery of medications directly into the bladder by urinary catheter. This method of drug delivery is used to directly target diseases of the bladder such as interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer, but currently faces obstacles such as low drug retention time due to washing out with urine and issues with the low permeability of the bladder wall itself. Due to the advantages of directly targeting the bladder, as well as the effectiveness of permeability enhancers, advances in intravesical drug carriers, and mucoadhesive, intravesical drug delivery is becoming more effective and of increased interest in the medical community.

Mucin
Mucins (/ˈmjuːsɪn/) are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. Mucins' key characteristic is their ability to form gels; therefore they are a key component in most gel-like secretions, serving functions from lubrication to cell signalling to forming chemical barriers. They often take an inhibitory role. Some mucins are associated with controlling mineralization, including nacre formation in mollusks, calcification in echinoderms and bone formation in vertebrates. They bind to pathogens as part of the immune system. Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer.

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted as principal components of mucus by mucous membranes or are secreted to become a component of saliva.
La Sainte Courtisane
La Sainte Courtisane (pronounced [la sɛ̃t kuʁ.ti.zan], French for "The Holy Courtesan") is an unfinished play by Oscar Wilde written in 1894.: 388  The original draft was left in a taxi cab by the author, and was never completed. It was first published in 1908 by Wilde's literary executor, Robert Ross.
It has never been performed, and has been little studied.

Salome (play)
Salome (French: Salomé, pronounced [salɔme]) is a one-act tragedy by Oscar Wilde. The original version of the play was first published in French in 1893; an English translation was published a year later. The play depicts the attempted seduction of Jokanaan (John the Baptist) by Salome, stepdaughter of Herod Antipas; her dance of the seven veils; the execution of Jokanaan at Salome's instigation; and her death on Herod's orders.

The first production was in Paris in 1896. Because the play depicted biblical characters it was banned in Britain and was not performed publicly there until 1931. The play became popular in Germany, and Wilde's text was taken by the composer Richard Strauss as the basis of his 1905 opera Salome, the international success of which has overshadowed Wilde's original play. Film and other adaptations have been made of the play.
Phil Wilson (hurler)
Philip Wilson (born 1939) is an Irish hurling manager and former dual player. At club level, he lined played with Ballyhogue, Oylegate–Glenbrien and Rapparees Starlights and at inter-county level played both hurling and Gaelic football with the Wexford senior teams.

Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship
The Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as The Courtyard Ferns Intermediate Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by mid-tier Wexford GAA clubs. It is the 2nd tier of the Wexford GAA hurling championships.The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1930.

The title has been won at least once by 38 different clubs. The all-time record-holders are Ferns St Aidan's, who have won the competition six times.

Oylegate–Glenbrien won the title in 2021, after defeating HWH–Bunclody in the final.
Acosia Red Elk
Acosia Red Elk (born 1980) is a jingle dress dancer from the Umatilla people of Oregon. A descendant of Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt, she did not become interested in dancing until she was 16, when she taught herself to dance from videos of other jingle dancers. Red Elk began dancing professionally in 1998 with her then-husband, Paris Leighton, visiting up to 50 pow wows a year for ten years.

Powwow
A powwow (also pow wow or pow-wow) is a gathering with dances held by many Native American and Canadian First Nations communities. Inaugurated in 1923, powwows today are an opportunity for Indigenous people to socialize, dance, sing, and honor their cultures. Powwows may be private or public, indoors or outdoors. Dancing events can be competitive with monetary prizes. Powwows vary in length from single-day to weeklong events.

In mainstream American culture, such as 20th-century Western movies or by military personnel, the term powwow was used to refer to any type of meeting. This usage is now considered by some Native Americans to be an offensive case of appropriation because of the cultural significance powwows hold.
Rosetown—Biggar (federal electoral district)
Rosetown—Biggar was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968. This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Kindersley and Rosetown ridings.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Battleford—Kindersley, Moose Jaw, Regina—Lake Centre, Saskatoon—Biggar and Swift Current—Maple Creek ridings.

Swift Current—Maple Creek
Swift Current—Maple Creek (previously known as Swift Current) was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1988. This riding was created in 1914 as "Swift Current" from parts of Moose Jaw riding. The name of the electoral district was changed to "Swift Current—Maple Creek" in 1953.

The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was merged into Swift Current—Maple Creek—Assiniboia riding.
Spanish Enlightenment literature
Spanish Enlightenment literature is the literature of Spain written during the Age of Enlightenment.

During the 18th century a new mentality emerged (in essence a continuation of the Renaissance) which swept away the old values of the Baroque era and was given the name the Enlightenment. This movement is based on a critical spirit, on the predominance of reason and experience, philosophy and science being the most valued sources of knowledge. The period is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. In short, human happiness was pursued by means of culture and progress. Art and literature began to move towards a new classicism (Neoclassicism). Expressions of feeling were avoided, norms and academic rules were followed, and balance and harmony were valued. By the end of the century, so much rigidity led to a reaction in the form of a return to the world of feelings; this movement is known as Pre-Romanticism.

Manuel Godoy
Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Ríos, 1st Prince of the Peace (12 May 1767 – 4 October 1851) was First Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808. He was one of the central Spanish political figures during the rise of Napoleon and his invasion of Spain. Godoy came to power at a young age as the favourite of King Charles IV and Queen Maria Luisa, with whom he had a sexual relationship. He has been partly blamed for the Anglo-Spanish War of 1796–1808 that weakened the Spanish Empire. Godoy's unmatched power ended in 1808 with the Tumult of Aranjuez, which forced him into a long exile. He died in Paris in 1851.
Star rock
Star rock is a distinctive Scottish form of confectionery rock. It is also sometimes known as starry rock, or starrie. It is traditionally handmade in Kirriemuir, Angus.

Star rock is less hard and brittle than traditional seaside rock, bearing more resemblance to a particularly hard toffee. Each stick of rock has a diameter similar to a pencil, and it is about 4 inches (10 centimetres) in length. Sticks are not sold individually but packaged in a paper-wrapped bundle. The rock is swirling shades of gold, which reflect its major ingredients: sugar, golden syrup, margarine, and flavoring. It has been claimed that these swirls give the rock its name because, in cross-section, they look like a star.

Unlike seaside rock, star rock does not have writing embedded in it.

Toffee
Toffee is an English confection made by caramelizing sugar or molasses (creating inverted sugar) along with butter, and occasionally flour. The mixture is heated until its temperature reaches the hard crack stage of 149 to 154 °C (300 to 310 °F). While being prepared, toffee is sometimes mixed with nuts or raisins.
Betye Saar
Betye Irene Saar (born July 30, 1926) is an American artist known for her work in the medium of assemblage. Saar is a visual storyteller and an accomplished printmaker. Saar was a part of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s, which engaged myths and stereotypes about race and femininity. Her work is considered highly political, as she challenged negative ideas about African Americans throughout her career; Saar is best known for her artwork that critiques anti-Black racism in the United States.

Otis College of Art and Design
Otis College of Art and Design is a private art and design school in Los Angeles, California, United States. Established in 1918, it was the city's first independent professional school of art. The main campus is located in the former IBM Aerospace headquarters at 9045 Lincoln Boulevard in Westchester, Los Angeles. The school's programs, accredited by the WSCUC and National Association of Schools of Art and Design, include BFA and MFA degrees.
Gudauri
Gudauri (Georgian: გუდაური) is a ski resort located on the south-facing plateau of The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in Georgia. The resort is situated in the Kazbegi Municipality, along the Georgian Military Highway near the Jvari Pass, at an elevation of 2,200 meters (7,200 ft.) above sea level. Gudauri lies 120 km (75 mi) to the north of the Georgian capital Tbilisi. Gudauri is 4.1 km away from the nearest border with the unrecognized South Ossetia. The slopes of Gudauri are above the tree line and considered to be avalanche-safe. The ski season lasts from December to April. Heliskiing is available throughout the season.

Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of  flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height, often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
Les Waters
Leslie Waters (born April 1952) is a British theatre director based in New York City. Waters was the Artistic Director of the Actors Theatre of Louisville from 2012 to 2018. He has directed plays Off-Broadway and also at Berkeley Repertory Theatre and Actors Theatre.

He was born in Cleethorpes, England.

Humana Festival of New American Plays
The Humana Festival of New American Plays was an internationally renowned festival which celebrated the contemporary American playwright. Produced annually in Louisville, Kentucky by Actors Theatre of Louisville, the festival showcased new theatrical works and drew producers, critics, playwrights, and theatre lovers from around the world.  The festival was founded in 1976 by Jon Jory, who was Producing Director of Actors Theatre of Louisville from 1969 to 2000. Since 1979 The Humana Festival was sponsored by the Humana Foundation which is the philanthropic arm of Humana.

The Humana Festival was shut down permanently in 2022 after holding its final festival in 2021.