hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dagoretti North Constituency
Dagoretti North Constituency is one of 17 electoral constituency of Nairobi County created by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission before the 2013 general election. The constituency has an area of 29 km2 (11.2 sq mi). Most of the area that forms Dagoretti North constituency was part of Westlands Constituency. A smaller portion of it was hived off from Dagoretti Constituency.

Nairobi City County
Nairobi City County is one of the 47 Counties of Kenya and serves as the capital of Kenya. It is the most populous county as of the 2019 census with a population of 4,397,073, yet among the smallest in area at 696.1 km². Despite its small size, Nairobi County contributes approximately 27.5% of Kenya's Gross Domestic Product, making it the economic powerhouse of the nation.

The county was established on 4 March 2013 under Kenya's new constitution, replacing the former Nairobi Province administrative unit. It comprises 17 constituencies and 85 electoral wards, with 11 gazetted sub-counties for administrative purposes.
In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters
In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters is a collection of short fiction by Robert Coover. The stories originally appeared in periodicals and were first collected in 1983 by Burning Deck Press, issued in a limited edition.

The pieces in the volume may be classified as prose poems ("proems") or "metafictional exercises".

Thomas E. Kennedy
Thomas E. Kennedy (March 9, 1944 – May 26, 2021) was an American fiction writer, essayist, and translator from Danish. He is the author of more than 30 books, including novels, story and essay collections, literary criticism, translation, and most notably the four novels of the Copenhagen Quartet. Of the quartet, David Applefield, author of Paris Inside Out and The Unofficial Guide to Paris series of books, writes: “Kennedy does for Copenhagen what Joyce did for Dublin.” Kennedy was the co-founder of Serving House Books, a literary press with more than 100 titles in print at the time of his retirement.
Butterfly doors
Butterfly doors are a type of car door sometimes seen on high-performance cars. They are slightly different from scissor doors. While scissor doors move straight up via hinge points at the bottom of a car's A-pillar, butterfly doors move up and out via hinges along the A-pillar. This makes for easier entry and exit, at the expense of requiring more side clearance than needed for scissor doors.

Car door
A car door is a type of door opening, typically hinged on its front edge, but sometimes attached by other mechanisms such as tracks, for entering and exiting a vehicle. Doors most often integrate side windows for visibility from inside the car and can be locked to secure the vehicle.

Car doors may be manually operated or with power assist supplied by the vehicle. Powered doors or power doors may be found on minivans, luxury vehicles, or modified cars.
Zwiefalten Abbey
The Abbey of Our Lady of Zwiefalten, more commonly known as Zwiefalten Abbey (German: Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten or, after 1750, Reichsabtei Zwiefalten) is a former Benedictine monastery situated at Zwiefalten, near Reutlingen, in the German State of Baden-Württemberg. Zwiefalten lies on the touristic Upper Swabian Baroque Route.  The abbey church is a major example of baroque architecture.

The complex is now the home of a psychiatric clinic.

Reutlingen
Reutlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔʏtlɪŋən] ⓘ; Swabian: Reitlenga) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of June 2018, it had an estimated population of 116,456. Reutlingen has a university of applied sciences, which was founded in 1855, originally as a weavers' school. Today, Reutlingen is a home to an established textile industry and also houses machinery, leather goods and steel manufacturing facilities. It has the narrowest street in the world, Spreuerhofstraße (width 31 cm).
Battle of Varamin
The Battle of Varamin was fought in 1911 between the Qajar dynasty under Arshad Al-Dawleh and the Majles under Yeprem Khan.

In 1909 or 1910 (sources differ), Muhammad Ali Shah Qajar was deposed from his position as Shah of Persia and exiled to Russia by the constitutional revolution. In July 1911 Muhammad Ali returned to Persia to retake power. On 5 September 1911, almost 1,200 Gendarmes, Bakhtiari, and Armenian volunteers, led by Yeprem Khan, fought 2,000 Turkman tribesmen under Al-Dawleh. The battle was a defeat for the forces under Muhammad Ali's banner, and forced him to flee to Russian Protection.

Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: احمد شاه قاجار‎; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was the shah of Iran (Persia) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the seventh and final ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended the throne at the age of 11 after the removal of his father Mohammad Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. Due to his young age, his uncle, Ali-Reza Khan, took charge of state affairs as Regent. Upon reaching the age of majority, Ahmad Shah was formally crowned on 21 July 1914.
Conventional memory
In DOS memory management, conventional memory, also called base memory, is the first 640 kilobytes of the memory on IBM PC or compatible systems. It is the read-write memory directly addressable by the processor for use by the operating system and application programs. As memory prices rapidly declined, this design decision became a limitation in the use of large memory capacities until the introduction of operating systems and processors that made it irrelevant.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Mexica Movement
The Mexica Movement is an "Indigenous rights educational organization" based in Los Angeles, California. Their organization views Mexicans of Native Mexican and Amerindian descent, as one people who are falsely divided by European-imposed borders. Their ultimate objective is the non-violent, democratic "liberation" of the Western Hemisphere from European-descendants. The organization seeks to create a future nation called Cemanahuac. The group views "White" people as Europeans who are squatting on Indigenous lands, and who must be repatriated back to Europe.  The group rejects the "Aztlán ideology" as being too limited, seeking instead to unite the entire American continents under Indigenous control.

Aztlán
Aztlán (from Nahuatl languages: Aztlán, Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈast͡ɬãːn̥] ⓘ) is the ancestral home of the Aztec peoples. The word "Aztec" was derived from the Nahuatl aztecah, meaning "people from Aztlán." Aztlán is mentioned in several ethnohistorical sources dating from the colonial period, and while each cites varying lists of the different tribal groups who participated in the migration from Aztlán to central Mexico, the Mexica who later founded Mexico-Tenochtitlan are mentioned in all of the accounts.

Historians have speculated about the possible location of Aztlán and tend to place it either in northwestern Mexico or the Southwestern United States, although whether Aztlán represents a real location or a mythological one is a matter of debate.
Art Anderson
Arthur Anthony Anderson (October 9, 1936 – February 25, 2021) was a professional American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He is one of the few tackles to prevent Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee Deacon Jones from accomplishing any sacks in a game (1961 season). His teammates on the Chicago Bears under George Halas included Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Stan Jones (his close friend), Doug Atkins, and 1961 rookie Mike Ditka.

Doug Atkins
Douglas Leon Atkins (May 8, 1930 – December 30, 2015) was an American professional football defensive end who played for the Cleveland Browns, Chicago Bears, and New Orleans Saints in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers under head coach Robert Neyland. He is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Atkins was also drafted to the NBA in the 17th round by the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1953 NBA draft.

Atkins was a fierce defender who was known for using his immense size and agility to his advantage. At 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 m), Atkins often batted passes down at the line of scrimmage and used his skills as a high jump champion to leapfrog blockers and get to the quarterback. Atkins was one of the first great exclusively defensive players in professional football and, along with fellow Hall of Famer Gino Marchetti, revolutionized the defensive end position.
1987 Scottish Masters
The 1987 Langs Scottish Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 17 and 20 September 1987 at the Hospitality Inn in Glasgow, Scotland.

Joe Johnson won the tournament by defeating Terry Griffiths 9–7 in the final.

Scottish Masters
The Scottish Masters, often known by its sponsored names, the Lang's Scottish Masters or the Regal Scottish Masters, was a non-ranking professional snooker tournament held every year from 1981 until 2002, with the exception of 1988.

The tournament was invitational and held in various locations in Scotland, including the Hospitality Inn and the Thistle Hotel (both in Glasgow) and the Motherwell Civic Centre. Following the ban on tobacco advertising, the tournament was unable to find a new sponsor and it was abandoned. It was won three times apiece by Steve Davis, Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan.

A qualifying event was held for the first time in 1995 to select a replacement player for James Wattana who withdrew before the tournament. The event became a fixture from 1997 onwards, with Matthew Stevens becoming the only qualifier to win the main tournament in 1999.
2023 Oklahoma Sooners softball team
The 2023 Oklahoma Sooners softball team was an American college softball team that represented the University of Oklahoma during the 2023 NCAA Division I softball season. The Sooners were led by Patty Gasso in her twenty-ninth season, and played their home games at OU Softball Complex. They competed in the Big 12 Conference, where they finished with a 61–1 record, including 18–0 in conference play. The Sooners only loss on the season was during an early season tournament in Waco, Texas, to the Baylor Bears, 3–4.

The Sooners won the 2023 Big 12 Tournament, and qualified for the 2023 NCAA Division I softball tournament. They advanced to the 2023 Women's College World Series, where they defeated Florida State in two games to win their seventh championship in program history, and third consecutive championship. They became the first team to three-peat since UCLA from 1988 to 1990. The season was also highlighted by setting an NCAA Division I softball-record 53-game winning streak.

2023 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2023 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 19 through June 8, 2023, as the final part of the 2023 NCAA Division I softball season. The tournament culminated with the 2023 Women's College World Series at USA Softball Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City.

Charlotte, Eastern Illinois, George Mason, North Carolina Central, Northern Colorado, Northern Kentucky, and Omaha made their NCAA Division I softball tournament debuts. Arizona failed to make the NCAA tournament for the first time since 1986, while Michigan failed to make the tournament for the first time since 1994.
2012 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2012 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 21 April 2012 and ended on 30 September 2012.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the All-Ireland semi-final.

On 30 September 2012, Tipperary won the championship following a 2-18 to 1-11 defeat of Dublin in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their 19th All-Ireland title and their first title since 2007. It was Tipperary and Dublin's first meeting in an All-Ireland final since 1954.

Clare's Bobby Duggan was the championship's top scorer with 3-49.

2007 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 2007 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 77th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 21 April 2007 and ended on 2 September 2007.

Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 2 September 2007, Tipperary won the championship following a 3-14 to 2-11 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title in-a-row.

Cork's Ryan Clifford was the championship's top scorer with 5-30.
Helix (gastropod)
Helix is a genus of large, air-breathing land snails native to the western Palaearctic and characterized by a globular shell. It is the type genus of the family Helicidae and one of the animal genera described by Carl Linnaeus at the dawn of the zoological nomenclature. Members of the genus first appeared in the fossil record during the Miocene.

Well-known species include Helix pomatia (Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or edible snail) and Helix lucorum (Turkish snail). Cornu aspersum (garden snail), though externally similar and long classified as a member of Helix (as "Helix aspersa"), is not closely related to Helix and belongs to a different tribe of Helicinae.

Helix pomatia
Helix pomatia, known as the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or escargot, is a species of large, air-breathing stylommatophoran land snail native to Europe. It is characterized by a globular brown shell. It is an edible species which commonly occurs synanthropically throughout its range.
Giona (river)
The Giona is a ‘torrent’, or intermittent stream, which rises on the slopes of Monte Tamaro, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. After about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), it enters the Italian province of Varese, forming the Val Veddasca before entering Lake Maggiore at Maccagno. Its course passes through the communes of Indemini in Switzerland and Veddasca, Curiglia con Monteviasco, Dumenza and Maccagno in Italy.

The fish found in the river are predominantly Salmonidae, Cyprinidae and Cottidae, in particular brown trout, grayling, chub, vairone and European bullhead.

The river is put to use as a source of hydropower.

Maccagno
Maccagno was a comune (municipality) of 2,000 inhabitants located in the province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located in the Val Veddasca about 70 km northwest of Milan and about 25 km northwest of Varese.

On 1 January 2014 the municipalities of Maccagno, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore and Veddasca merged into the municipality of Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca.
Fleuranne Brockway
Fleuranne Brockway is an Australian operatic mezzo-soprano. She has won first prize in numerous important international competitions, principally the Concours Musical International de Montréal in 2025, and the Concorso Lirico Internazionale di Portofino (CLIP) and the Joan Sutherland & Richard Bonynge Foundation Bel Canto Award, both in 2022.

Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden
The Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden (Hessian State Theatre Wiesbaden), also known as the Staatstheater Wiesbaden or Theater Wiesbaden, is a German theatre located in Wiesbaden, in the German state of Hesse.  The company produces operas, plays, ballets, musicals and concerts on four stages. It has a resident orchestra, the Hessisches Staatsorchester. The theatre was inaugurated in 1894.

The theatre is the host for the annual festival Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden, established in 1896 after the Bayreuth Festival.
Clifford Irving
Clifford Michael Irving (November 5, 1930 – December 19, 2017) was an American novelist and investigative reporter. Although he published 20 novels, he is best known for an "autobiography" allegedly written as told to Irving by billionaire recluse Howard Hughes. The fictional work was to have been published in 1972. After Hughes denounced him and sued the publisher, McGraw-Hill, Irving and his collaborators confessed to the hoax. He was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for fraud, of which he served 17 months.

Irving later wrote The Hoax (1981), his account of events surrounding the development and sale of the fake autobiography. The book was adapted as a 2006 biopic of the same name starring Richard Gere as Clifford Irving. He continued to write and publish books, including his prison journal.

Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History is an organized research unit and public service component of the University of Texas at Austin named for Dolph Briscoe, the 41st governor of Texas. The center collects and preserves documents and artifacts of key themes in Texas and United States history and makes the items available to researchers. The center also has permanent, touring, and online exhibits available to the public. The center's divisions include Research and Collections, the Sam Rayburn Museum, the Briscoe-Garner Museum, and Winedale.
Edinburgh Rugby Stadium
The Edinburgh Rugby Stadium, officially known as the Hive Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby union stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the home of Edinburgh Rugby, one of Scotland's two professional rugby clubs. The stadium is located next to Murrayfield Stadium and Murrayfield Ice Rink, beside the Water of Leith adjacent to the Saughtonhall and Balgreen neighbourhoods. It has a capacity of 7,800, and was completed on 16 February 2021.

Haymarket railway station
Haymarket railway station is the second largest railway station in Edinburgh, Scotland, after Waverley railway station.

The station serves as a major commuter and long-distance destination, located near the city centre, in the West End. Trains from the station serve much of Scotland, including Fife and Glasgow, as well as suburban lines to the east, and the East Coast Main Line through to London King's Cross. It is the fifth busiest railway station in Scotland.
Marcus Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex
Marcus Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex (c. 134 – c. 176) was a Roman senator who was active during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Originally a member of the equestrian order, Vindex demonstrated courage and intelligence that led to his award of dona militaria and elevation into the Senate, followed by his appointment to the consulate, which Géza Alföldy dates to an undetermined nundinium around the year 175.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
2010 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 2010 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 116th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship began on 18 September 2010 and ended on 24 October 2010.

Ballyhale Shamrocks were the defending champions for the past four years, however their bid for five in a row was ended in the semi-final by O’Loughlin Gaels, who went on to beat Carrickshock 0–17 to 1–11 in the final.

St. Lachtain's were relegated from the championship following 1–11 to 1–14 defeat to Fenians.

1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1887 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 3 April 1887 and ended on 17 April 1887.

On 17 April 1887, Tullaroan won the championship after a 1–01 to 0–04 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. It was the first of 20 championship titles for the Tullaroan club.
2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Democratic Governor Deval Patrick was re-elected to a second term.

Party primaries were held on September 14, though all four candidates ran unopposed in their respective primaries. Tim Murray, who ran on a ticket with Patrick, was re-elected Lieutenant Governor. This election is the only gubernatorial election since 1994 in which the two major parties did not have a woman on the gubernatorial ticket.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
The Elder Brother (film)
The Elder Brother is a 1937 British drama film directed by Frederick Hayward and starring John Stuart, Marjorie Taylor and Basil Langton. It was made at Shepperton Studios as a quota quickie for release by the Hollywood studio Paramount Pictures.

Shepperton Studios
Shepperton Studios is a film studio located in Shepperton, Middlesex, England, with a history dating back to 1931. It is now part of the Pinewood Studios Group. During its early existence, the studio was branded as Sound City (not to be confused with the Californian Sound City Studios).
Seriousness check
The seriousness check is a technique that can be used in online research (also called Internet-based research, Web-based research, Web-based experiments) to improve data quality. Nowadays, many scientific studies with human participants are conducted online and are accessible to a large diversity of participants. Nonetheless, many people just want to look at the different pages of the questionnaire, instead of giving carefully chosen answers to the questions. The seriousness check addresses this problem: In this approach the respondents are asked about the seriousness of their participation or for a probability estimate that they will complete the entire study or experiment. Thus, by using the seriousness check irrelevant data entries can be easily identified and be excluded from the data analysis.

Online research methods
Online research methods (ORMs) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet. They are also referred to as Internet research, Internet science, or Web-based methods. Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet. The field is relatively new and evolving. With the growth of social media, a new level of complexity and opportunity has been created. The inclusion of social media research can provide unique insights into consumer and societal segments and gaining an "emotional" measure of a population on issues of interest.

Some specific types of method include:

Cyber-ethnography

Online content analysis

Online focus groups

Online interviews

Online qualitative research

Online questionnaires

Social network analysis

Web-based experiments

Online clinical trials – or see below