hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rattray Head
Rattray Head (listenⓘ), historically Rattray Point, is a headland in Buchan, Aberdeenshire, on the north-east coast Scotland. To north lies Strathbeg Bay and Rattray Bay is to its south. The dunes at Rattray Head beach can be up to 75 feet (23 m) high and stretch 17 miles (27 km) from St Combs to Peterhead.

St Combs
St Combs is a small fishing village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, immediately southeast of Inverallochy. It has existed since at least the 17th century, and takes its name from a church to St Colm (or Columba) that used to exist in the area and was abandoned in 1607. Only a fragment of it remains. The remains of Lonmay Castle are also in the area. The village sits across Loch Strathbeg from Rattray.
Bencoolen Street
Bencoolen Street is a street in Singapore, that starts at the junction of Rochor Road, Rochor Canal Road and Jalan Besar and ends at the junction of Fort Canning Road, Stamford Road and Orchard Road. The street houses several landmarks, including Sim Lim Square, Bencoolen Mosque and Albert Complex. A number of hotels and serviced apartments exist, namely Summer View Hotel, Bayview Hotel Singapore, Hotel 81 Bencoolen, Strand Hotel, Rendezvous Hotel and Somerset Bencoolen. It is accessible via Bencoolen MRT station, which is located under Bencoolen Street itself.

Orchard Road
Orchard Road, often known colloquially as simply Orchard, is a major 2.5 km (1.6 mi)-long road in the Central Area of Singapore. A famous tourist attraction, it is an upscale shopping area, with numerous department stores, shopping malls, restaurants, and coffeehouses located in its vicinity. It has been described as a popular hotspot in Singapore, especially at night, attracting urban youth.

The Orchard Planning Area is a planning area as specified by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. It is part of the Central Area located within the Central Region. Orchard is bordered by Newton in the east and north, Tanglin in the west, River Valley in the south and Museum to the southeast. It consists of three subzones, Orchard, Somerset and Tanglin (not to be confused with its neighbouring planning area).
Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau
Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau Nieto (Barcelona, 20 January 1964) is a Spanish hyperrealist painter who specialises in historical military paintings that portray different eras of the Spanish Armed Forces through hyperrealistic naturalism. On 11 January 2022, he founded the Ferrer-Dalmau Foundation with the aim of promoting defense culture through history and art.

Cross of Naval Merit
The Cross of Naval Merit (Spanish: Cruces del Mérito Naval) is a Spanish military award for gallantry or merit in war or peace. Awarded to members of the Spanish Naval Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians.
Gabriel Tamaș
Gabriel Sebastian Tamaș (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈel ˈtamaʃ]; born 9 November 1983) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Tamaș started out as a senior at FC Brașov in the 1998–99 season, and was a journeyman who competed professionally in Turkey, Russia, Spain, France, England, and Israel, apart from his own country. He won seven domestic trophies playing for rival sides Dinamo București and Steaua București in Romania, with which he had multiple spells, and his honours also include the Israel State Cup and the Israeli Super Cup with Hapoel Haifa.

A Romanian international for 15 years, Tamaș totalled 67 caps and three goals for the nation and was selected in the squad for the UEFA Euro 2008.

2018 Israel Super Cup
The 2018 Israel Super Cup is the 23rd Israel Super Cup (28th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup. This is the Third time since 1990 that the match was staged, after a planned resumption of the cup was cancelled in 2014.

The game was played between Hapoel Be'er Sheva, champions of the 2017–18 Israeli Premier League and Hapoel Haifa, winners of the 2017–18 Israeli State Cup. Hapoel Haifa won 5–4 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after 90 minutes.
Shumilina, Belarus
Shumilina or Shumilino (Belarusian: Шуміліна, romanized: Šumilina; Russian: Шумилино) is an urban-type settlement in Shumilina District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Vitebsk. 
As of 2024, it has a population of 7,223.

Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in north-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Trevescan
50°03′50″N 5°41′42″W﻿ / ﻿50.064°N 5.695°W﻿ / 50.064; -5.695

Trevescan is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated between the village of Sennen and the settlement at Land's End, 8 miles (13 km) west of Penzance.

The name is Cornish and could mean tre (hamlet) + personal name Bescan which means "little short one", or could be a corruption of heskyn, ″sedge″ or ″marsh″. Previous spellings of the name include, Trefescan (1302), Trevescan (1310), Trevascan (1327) and Treviscan (1343).

Land's End
Land's End (Cornish: Penn an Wlas or Pedn an Wlas) is a headland and tourist and holiday complex in western Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the Penwith peninsula about eight miles (13 km) west-south-west of Penzance at the western end of the A30 road. To the east of it is the English Channel, and to the west the Celtic Sea.

Land's End is the most westerly point of mainland England. However, it is not the westernmost point on mainland Great Britain.  This title narrowly goes to Corrachadh Mòr in the Scottish Highlands.
Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II
Japanese propaganda in the period just before and during World War II, was designed to assist the governing regime. Many of its elements were continuous with pre-war themes of Shōwa statism, including the principles of kokutai, hakkō ichiu, and bushido. New forms of propaganda were developed to persuade occupied countries of the benefits of the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, to undermine American troops' morale, to counteract claims of Japanese atrocities, and to present the war to the Japanese people as victorious. It started with the Second Sino-Japanese War, which merged into World War II. It used a large variety of media to send its messages.

The Japan Times
The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper. It is published by The Japan Times, Ltd. (株式会社ジャパンタイムズ, Kabushiki gaisha Japan Taimuzu), a subsidiary of News2u Holdings, Inc. It is headquartered in the Kioicho Building (紀尾井町ビル, Kioicho Biru) in Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo (東京都千代田区紀尾井町, Tokyotochiyodaku kioicho).
Slavskoye, Russia
Slavskoye (Russian: Сла́вское; German: Kreuzburg in Ostpreußen; Polish: Krzyżbork; Lithuanian: Kryžbarkas) is a settlement in the Bagrationovsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) south of Kaliningrad.

Bagrationovsky District
Bagrationovsky District (Russian: Багратио́новский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bagrationovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,146 square kilometers (442 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Bagrationovsk. Population: 32,352 (2010 Census); 45,672 (2002 Census); 39,724 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bagrationovsk accounts for 19.8% of the district's total population.
Uluguru bushshrike
The Uluguru bushshrike (Malaconotus alius) is a species of rare bird occurring only in the Uluguru Mountains in Morogoro Region of Tanzania. It was discovered in 1926 and was known to be confined to a single site in the Uluguru North Forest Reserve of about 84 km2. However, in March 2007, a team of Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania discovered its presence in the Uluguru South Forest Reserve in Morogoro Region. There are an estimated 1200 pairs remaining and the population trend is stable.

Morogoro Region
Morogoro Region (Mkoa wa Morogoro in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers an area of 70,624 km2 (27,268 sq mi). and is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Ireland. Morogoro Region is bordered to the north by the Manyara Region and Tanga Region, to the east by the Pwani and Lindi Regions, to the south by the Ruvuma Region and to the west by the Iringa Njombe and Dodoma Regions. The regional capital is the municipality of Morogoro. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 3,197,104.
Yunus railway station
Yunus railway station (Turkish: Yunus istasyonu) is a railway station in Kartal, Istanbul on the Marmaray commuter rail line. It is located on Tercüme Avenue, one block north of Çetin Emeç Boulevard on the coast and is the easternmost station in Kartal.

The original station was opened on 22 September 1872 by the Ottoman government, as part of the railway from Kadıköy to İzmit. In 1949, the station was rebuilt and expanded to two side platforms, serving two tracks. Commuter rail service from Haydarpaşa to Gebze began in 1951 and the station was electrified in 1969. The station closed down in 2013 for the construction of the new Marmaray rail project and was demolished shortly after. In 2016, the current station was built as an island platform serving two tracks, with a third express track on the south side. Yunus station was reopened by March 12, 2019.

Kartal
Kartal (Turkish: [ˈkaɾtaɫ]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 38 km2, and its population is 483,418 (2022). It is located on the Asian side of the city, on the coast of the Marmara Sea between Maltepe and Pendik.

Despite being far from the city centre, Kartal is heavily populated (total population nearly 500,000). The district's neighbours are Maltepe to the west, Sultanbeyli and Sancaktepe to the north and Pendik to the east. Inland from the coast, the land rises sharply up to the hills Yakacık and Aydos, the latter of which is the highest point in Istanbul.
Jalal-Abad Airport
Jalal-Abad Airport (Kyrgyz: Жалал-Абад аэропорту, Russian: Джалал-Абадский аэропорт) (IATA: none (ДЖБ), ICAO: UAFJ) is an airport serving Jalal-Abad, the capital of the Jalal-Abad Region (oblast) of Kyrgyzstan. Not to be confused with Jalalabad Airport in Afghanistan. Local travel agents use JBD as an unofficial three-letter airport code in Latin. The local code for Jalal-Abad Airport is ДЖБ.

Manas (city)
Manas (/məˈnɑːs/; Kyrgyz: [mɑnɑ́s]), called Jalal-Abad until 2025, is the administrative and economic centre of Jalal-Abad Region in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 88 square kilometres (34 sq mi), and its resident population was 123,239 in 2021. It is situated at the north-eastern end of the Fergana Valley along the Kögart river valley, in the foothills of the Babash Ata mountains, near the border with Uzbekistan.
Leslie Z. Benet
Leslie 'Les' Zachary Benet (born May 17, 1937) is an influential pharmaceutical scientist heading the UCSF's Benet Lab at the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and recipient of the Remington Medal for distinguished service to American pharmacy.

American Pharmacists Association
The American Pharmacists Association (APhA, previously known as the American Pharmaceutical Association), founded in 1852, is the first-established professional society of pharmacists in  the United States. The association consists of more than 62,000 practicing pharmacists, pharmaceutical scientists, student pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and others interested in  the profession. Nearly all  U.S. pharmacy specialty organizations were originally a section or part of this association.
Mohammad Modarres
Mohammad Modarres (born 11 August 1952) is an Iranian American scientist and educator in the fields of nuclear and reliability engineering. He is a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher and Nicole Y. Kim Eminent Professor of the University of Maryland. Within the University of Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering, Modarres founded world's first graduate curriculum in reliability engineering, which has now become a leading academic program both nationally and internationally with over 400 Master's and PhD graduates.  As the Director of the UMD Center for Risk and Reliability, Modarres serves as international expert on reliability and risk analysis to various commercial and government organizations including US DOE, US NRC, NASA. A PhD graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from the scientific school of Norman C. Rasmussen, he has authored numerous books and hundreds of scholarly papers in the fields of nuclear and reliability engineering.

Iranian Americans
Iranian-Americans, also known as Persian Americans, are United States citizens or nationals who are of Iranian ancestry or who hold Iranian citizenship. According to the National Organization for Civil Registration, an organization of the Ministry of Interior of Iran, the United States has the greatest number of Iranians outside the country.

Most Iranian-Americans arrived in the United States after 1979 in the wake  of the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Iranian monarchy. Over 40% of them settled in California, specifically Los Angeles, where they formed distinct ethnic enclaves, such as the Angelino community of "Tehrangeles" in Westwood, Los Angeles.

Research by the Iranian Studies Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2004 estimated the number of Iranian-Americans at 691,000, about half of whom live in  California.
Lorraine Bahrick
Lorraine E. Bahrick is a developmental psychologist known for her research on intermodal perception and effects of inter-sensory redundancy on learning in infancy and early childhood. Her work in these areas involves investigating how the integration of information from various sensory modalities, such as vision, hearing, and touch, contributes to the cognitive, perceptual, and social development of infants and children. She also explores how the redundancy or overlap of sensory information, influences these developmental processes. She is Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at Florida International University and the Director of Infant Development Lab.

Perceptual learning
Perceptual learning is the learning of perception skills, such as differentiating two musical tones from one another or categorizations of spatial and temporal patterns relevant to real-world expertise. Examples of this may include reading, seeing relations among chess pieces, and knowing whether or not an X-ray image shows a tumor.

Sensory modalities may include visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and taste. Perceptual learning forms important foundations of complex cognitive processes (i.e., language) and interacts with other kinds of learning to produce perceptual expertise. Underlying perceptual learning are changes in the neural circuitry. The ability for perceptual learning is retained throughout life.
10th New York State Legislature
The 10th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 12 to April 21, 1787, during the tenth year of George Clinton's governorship, at the Old Royal Exchange in New York City.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
Donji Krčin
Donji Krčin is a village in the municipality of Varvarin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of  351 people; the population further decreased to 274 people according to the 2011 census.

Varvarin
Varvarin (Serbian Cyrillic: Варварин, pronounced [ʋarʋǎriːn]) is a town and municipality located in the Rasina District of central Serbia. Population of the town is 1,805, and population of the municipality is 14,217 (2022 census).
Paul Dodd (mayor)
Paul Dodd, was Mayor of Galway,  from 1656 to 1657.

Dodd was sworn into office in September 1656, having been a sheriff under the previous mayor, Humphrey Hurd. He seized a house belonging to John Bodkin, possibly the same man who was Mayor 1639–40, and leased other property he had confiscated from the townspeople. According to William Henry, the new rulers of Galway were crude, lower-class English, who "After burning the costly timberwork in one house, they simply moved into the next house leaving them with a poisoning stench of excrement and filth, that it was almost impossible to enter." His descendants still live in the town.

Mayor of Galway
The office of Mayor of Galway is an honorific title used by the Cathaoirleach of Galway City Council. The council has jurisdiction throughout its administrative area of the city of Galway which is the largest city in the province of Connacht, in Ireland. The current mayor is Mike Cubbard, independent.
Komorna
Komorna [kɔˈmɔrna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Obrazów, 12 km (7 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
Ishaq ibn Rahwayh
Ishaq bin Ibrahim bin Makhlad bin Rahwayh Abu Ya'qub al-Hanzali al-Marwazi (Arabic: إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن مخلد بن راهويه أبو يعقوب الهَنْظَليّ المَرْوَزِيّ, 777-778 - 855 CE) commonly known as Ishaq ibn Rahwayh (romanizated: Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh) was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, exegete, and theologian. A close friend of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, he accompanied him on his travels to seek knowledge, and he was also a teacher of Bukhari and inspired him to compile the Sahih al-Bukhari. Among his only surviving work is al-Musnad, a hadith collection arranged by Companion narrators.

Muhaddith
A muhaddith (Arabic: ْمُحَدِّث) is a scholar specialized in the study, collection, and interpretation of hadiths, which are the recorded sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. The role of a muhaddith is central to the science of hadith (ʻilm al-ḥadīth), a key field for understanding and preserving Islamic teachings and laws. Muhaddith can either disseminate the hadiths or compile them into an ahadith.
Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event was part of the athletics programme at the 1948 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on 7 August 1948. The final was won by Alice Coachman of the United States who became the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal.

Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games: women's 200 metres, women's long jump and women's shot put. There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries.
Quassolo
Quassolo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin.

Quassolo borders the following municipalities: Settimo Vittone, Tavagnasco, Brosso, and Borgofranco d'Ivrea.

Settimo Vittone
Settimo Vittone (Piedmontese: Ël Seto Viton) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin, in the Canavese traditional region.
Remedy Club Tour – Live
Remedy Club Tour – Live is a second live album/DVD and eighth overall by American band David Crowder Band. The album was released on August 19, 2008. It was recorded live on the band's club tour across America, which took place after the release of their album Remedy.

Remedy (David Crowder Band album)
Remedy is the fourth full-length studio album and seventh overall by David Crowder Band, released on September 25, 2007 through sixstepsrecords. A limited edition of the album including a bonus DVD of live performances was released on April 29, 2008.
United States lightship Swiftsure (LV-113)
United States lightship No. 113, known as Swiftsure, was a steel-hulled lightship in commission with the United States Lighthouse Service as LV-113 from 1929 to 1939, and in the fleet of the United States Coast Guard as WAL-535 from 1939 until 1968. During World War II, she was given the designation USS YP-397.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).
Guiso
Guiso is a Spanish meat dish prepared by roasting or frying combined with braising. It is typically a hot, mildly fatty food. Unlike stew, it allows the vapors to circulate during culinary process. In making guiso, a wide variety of ingredients may be used relative to region, season, availability, and taste.

Braising
Braising (from the French word braiser) is a combination cooking method that uses both wet and dry heats: typically, the food is first browned at a high temperature, then simmered in a covered pot in cooking liquid (such as wine, broth, coconut milk, or beer). It is similar to stewing, but braising is done with less liquid and usually used for larger cuts of meat. Braising of meat is often referred to as pot roasting, though some authors make a distinction between the two methods, based on whether additional liquid is added. Osso buco and coq au vin are well known braised meat dishes, and the technique can also be used to prepare fish, tempeh, tofu, or fruits and vegetables.
Apacheria chiricahuensis
Apacheria chiricahuensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Crossosomataceae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Apacheria. It is known by the common names Chiricahua rock flower, cliff brittlebush, and Apache bush. The genus is named in honor of the Apache people who inhabit the region; the specific epithet refers to the Chiricahua Mountains in Cochise County, Arizona.

This plant is a shrub up to half a meter tall and one meter wide. The hard, spine-like twigs are lined with opposite clusters of leaves each a few millimeters long. The solitary flowers have four white to cream-colored, or occasionally pink, petals 5 to 6 millimeters long. The fruit is a follicle with 1 or 2 brown seeds.

Apacheria is similar to Crossosoma species, which can be differentiated by their alternate leaves and five-parted flowers.

This plant grows in many types of rocky desert habitat, such as cliffs, riparian woodlands, and chaparral.

Crossosoma
Crossosoma is a genus of the plant family Crossosomataceae. It consists of two species of shrubs.

Crossosoma californicum Nutt. is found on the Palos Verdes Peninsula and San Clemente and Santa Catalina islands of California, as well as Guadalupe Island in Baja California.

Crossosoma bigelovii S.Wats. occurs in the deserts of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Baja California.