hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Yarchoan
Robert Yarchoan (born 1950) is a medical researcher who played an important role in the development of the first effective drugs for AIDS. He is the Chief of the HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch in the NCI and also coordinates HIV/AIDS malignancy research throughout the NCI as director of the Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy (OHAM).

Samuel Broder
Samuel Broder (born in 1945) is an American oncologist and medical researcher.  He was a co-developer of some of the first effective drugs for the treatment of AIDS and was Director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 1989 to 1995.

During the first years of the AIDS epidemic, he co-developed zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI), and zalcitabine (ddC), which were the first effective drugs licensed for the treatment of AIDS.  In 1989, he was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to be Director of the NCI. In this position he oversaw the development of a number of new therapies for cancer including paclitaxel (Taxol).  After leaving the NCI, Dr. Broder became Senior Vice President for Research and Development at the IVAX Corporation in Florida, a position he held until 1998 when he joined Celera Genomics.  He is now Chief Medical Officer of Celera.

He has received a number of honors for his work including the Arthur S. Flemming Award and the Leopold Griffuel Prize.
1963 Australia Cup final
The 1963 Australia Cup final was the second Australia Cup Final, the final match of the 1963 Australia Cup. It was played at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne, Australia, on 3 November 1963, contested by Port Melbourne Slavia and Polonia Melbourne. The Final ended in a 0–0 draw with Port Melbourne Slavia winning the replay 3–2, with a hat-trick from Des Palmer.

1963 Australia Cup
The 1963 Australia Cup was the second season of the Australia Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia. 24 clubs from around Australia qualified to enter the competition.
Bhairav (raga)
Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga of Bhairav thaat. It is a sampurna raga that is traditionally performed in the morning and also as the beginning piece in concerts. It is the defining raga of its own Thaat.

Raga Kalingda in Hindustani and Ragam Mayamalavagowla in Carnatic music have the same scale as Raga Bhairav, although the moods they create can be quite different due to the way they are expounded.

According to Indian classical vocalist Pandit Jasraj, Bhairav is a "morning raga, and solemn peacefulness is its ideal mood." It is grave in mood and suggests seriousness, introversion and devotional attitude.

Thaat
A thaat (IAST: thāṭ) is a "parent scale" in North Indian or Hindustani music. It is the Hindustani equivalent of the term Melakartha raga of Carnatic music.  The concept of the thaat is not exactly equivalent to the western musical scale because the primary function of a thaat is not as a tool for music composition, but rather as a basis for classification of ragas. There is not necessarily strict compliance between a raga and its parent thaat; a raga said to 'belong' to a certain thaat need not allow all the notes of the thaat, and might allow other notes. Thaats are generally accepted to be heptatonic by definition.

The term thaat is also used to refer to the frets of stringed instruments like the sitar and the veena. It is also used to denote the posture adopted by a Kathak dancer at the beginning of their performance.
Nikopol Municipality
Nikopol Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Никопол) is a municipality (obshtina) in the northern part of Pleven Province, in northern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Nikopol. The municipality embraces a territory of 415.9 km2 (160.6 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 10,602 inhabitants.

Its northern border is by the Danube River, bordering with Turnu Măgurele municipality of Romania. The municipality also borders with Belene Municipality on the East, Livski and Pordim municipalities on the South, Pleven municipality on the Southwest and Gulyantsi Municipality on the West.

Besides the Danube, which defines the hydrography of the area, the Osam river and some minor rivers flow within the municipality.

There are plans to develop common cultural tourism program that encompass the Nikopol and Turnu Măgurele municipalities. Unlike Turnu Măgurele, Nikopol municipality has poorly developed tourism infrastructure.

Levski Municipality
Levski municipality (Bulgarian: Община Левски) is a municipality (obshtina) in  Pleven Province,  Northern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Levski.

The municipality embraces a territory of 414 km2 (160 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 19,938 inhabitants.
Sierra Grande, Río Negro
Sierra Grande is a city and municipality in the San Antonio Department of Río Negro Province in Argentina. It was founded in 1903, and as of the 2010 census [INDEC] it counted with a population of 7,641.

The lands where the city now stands was once Tehuelche territory. The first white settlers came from Viedma and Carmen de Patagones; they established a small settlement with the name of Sierra Vieja, later renamed as Colonia Chilavert. On 19 October 1903, the first juez de paz took seat in the settlement, and this is now celebrated as the town's foundational moment. The discovery of iron ore in the region led to the town's growth in the 1940s.

Viedma, Río Negro
Viedma (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbjeðma]) is the capital and fourth largest city of the Río Negro Province, in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The city has 57,341 inhabitants (2022 Census - final result), and is located on the southern margin of the Negro River, about 30 kilometres off the Atlantic Coast, and 960 km from the city of Buenos Aires on the National Route 3.
GLACIER (refrigerator)
GLACIER (General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator) was designed and developed by University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering (CBSE) for NASA Cold Stowage. Glacier was originally designed for use on board the Space Shuttle, but is now used for storing scientific samples on ISS in the EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) rack, and transporting samples to/from orbit via the SpaceX Dragon or Cygnus spacecraft. GLACIER is a double middeck locker equivalent payload designed to provide thermal control between +4 °C and -160 °C.

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Adenosine thiamine triphosphate
Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), or thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate, is a natural thiamine adenine nucleotide.  It was discovered in Escherichia coli where it may account for up to 15 - 20% of total thiamine under carbon starvation. AThTP also exists in eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, roots of higher plants and animal tissues, albeit at a much lower concentration. It was found to exist in small amounts in the muscle, heart, brain, kidneys and liver of mice.

In E. coli AThTP is synthesized from thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) according to the following reaction catalyzed by thiamine diphosphate adenylyl transferase:

ThDP + ATP (ADP) ↔ AThTP + PPi (Pi)

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Rockport train wreck
The Rockport train wreck occurred in Rockport in Mansfield Township, New Jersey, United States, about three miles outside of Hackettstown, on June 16, 1925. After a violent storm washed debris onto a grade crossing, a Lackawanna Railroad (DL&W) train derailed and crashed, killing 42 passengers and five crewmen and injuring 23 others.

Washington, New Jersey
Washington is a borough in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 7,299, an increase of 838 (+13.0%) from the 2010 census count of 6,461, which in turn reflected a decline of 251 (−3.7%) from the 6,712 counted in the 2000 census.

Washington was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 20, 1868, from portions of Washington Township. The borough was named for George Washington, one of more than ten communities in the state of New Jersey that were named for the first president. The Borough of Washington is surrounded by Washington Township, which is one of five municipalities in the state of New Jersey with the name "Washington Township".

The borough had the 26th-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 4.206% in 2020, compared to 2.967% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.
Khademabad
Khademabad (Persian: خادم اباد, also Romanized as Khādemābād and Khādemabād; also known as Kalāteh-ye Khādemābād) is a village in Meyami Rural District, Razaviyeh District, Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 479, in 112 families.

Meyami Rural District (Mashhad County)
Meyami Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميامي) is in Razaviyeh District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Razaviyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kenevist.
Olive pigeon
The olive pigeons are four allopatric species of pigeon, named for their association with olive (Olea) species. They have a maroon tone to the speckled plumage, and inhabit cool, montane forests of Africa and its associated islands. Together with the speckled wood pigeon, they are seen as members of a superspecies, which has affinities with the white-naped pigeon.

African olive pigeon, Columba arquatrix

Cameroon olive pigeon, Columba sjostedti

São Tomé olive pigeon, Columba thomensis

Comoros olive pigeon, Columba pollenii

Speckled wood pigeon, Columba hodgsonii, of Asia

Comoro olive pigeon
The Comoro olive pigeon (Columba pollenii), also known as the Comoros Rameron pigeon or simply the Comoro pigeon, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Comoros and Mayotte. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.
Margot Sandeman
Margot Sandeman (27 May 1922 – 17 January 2009) was a Scottish painter, close friend of Joan Eardley and long-time collaborator with poet Ian Hamilton Finlay. She was known for her paintings of West Coast Scottish landscapes, rural settings, interiors and still lives.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Anthony Brown (Kansas politician)
Anthony R. Brown (December 3, 1968) is a former Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 38th district from 2005 until 2013. Brown, who has a BSE in Secondary Social Sciences from Emporia State University, has worked as a carpenter and school teacher. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus and Holy Family Catholic Church. In 2012, he ran for the 3rd district of the Kansas Senate, but lost to incumbent Democrat Tom Holland.

Tom Holland (politician)
George Thomas Holland II (born July 23, 1961) is an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 3rd district from 2009 to 2025. He was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 2003 to 2009.

He served as the ranking minority member on both the Senate Assessment and Taxation & Commerce committees and serves on the Joint Committee on Information Technology. He did not seek re-election in 2024.
Bradford Corporation Tramways
Bradford Corporation Tramways were a tramway network in the city of Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England which operated trams from 1882 until 1950 and trolleybuses from 1911 until 1972. The track gauge of the tramways was 4 ft (1,219 mm).

Wibsey
Wibsey (population 14,530 – 2001 UK census) is a ward within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council, West Yorkshire, England. The population had increased to 14,671 at the 2011 Census. Wibsey is named after Wibsey village which makes up the main part of the ward. As well as the area of Wibsey, the ward includes the area of Bankfoot to the east and much of the area of Odsal.  It is located on a ridge which runs from the city centre, up to Queensbury, which has been described as one of the highest villages in England.
2016 Peshawar Zalmi season
The Peshawar Zalmi is a franchise cricket team that represents Peshawar in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). They were one of the five teams that competed in the 2016 Pakistan Super League. The team was captained by Shahid Afridi, and won six of their eight matches in the inaugural edition of the PSL in 2016.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
Pollinator (album)
Pollinator is the eleventh studio album by the American rock band Blondie, released on May 5, 2017, by BMG Rights Management.

In contrast to previous Blondie albums, the band recorded many songs that were written for them by other artists, a collaborative process which inspired the album's title. More than half of the tracks on the album were written by other artists, including Sia, Johnny Marr, and Charli XCX, while the remainder were written or co-written by members of Blondie themselves.

Released to generally favourable reviews, the album peaked at no. 63 on the US Billboard 200 chart, with the first single "Fun" reaching no. 1 on the Billboard Dance Chart. The album was a greater success in the UK, peaking at no. 4 and giving Blondie their ninth British Top 10 album and the band's highest UK chart peak in 18 years. Pollinator was the band's last album released in drummer Clem Burke's lifetime before his death in 2025.

Parallel Lines
Parallel Lines is the third studio album by American rock band Blondie, released on September 8, 1978, by Chrysalis Records. An instant critical and commercial success, the album reached No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart in February 1979 and proved to be the band's commercial breakthrough in the United States, where it reached No. 6 on the Billboard 200 in April 1979. In Billboard magazine, Parallel Lines was listed at No. 9 in its top pop albums year-end chart of 1979. The album spawned several successful singles, notably the international hit "Heart of Glass".
Vulnerabilities Equities Process
The Vulnerabilities Equities Process (VEP) is a process used by the U.S. federal government to determine  on a case-by-case basis how it should treat zero-day computer security vulnerabilities: whether to disclose them to the public to help improve general computer security, or to keep them secret for offensive use against the government's adversaries.

The VEP was first developed during the period 2008–2009, but only became public in 2016, when the government released a redacted version of the VEP in response to a FOIA request by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Following public pressure for greater transparency in the wake of the Shadow Brokers affair, the U.S. government made a more public disclosure of the VEP process in November 2017.

Zero-day vulnerability
A zero-day (also known as a 0-day) is a vulnerability or security hole in a computer system unknown to its developers or anyone capable of mitigating it. Until the vulnerability is remedied, threat actors can exploit it in a zero-day exploit, or zero-day attack.

The term "zero-day" originally referred to the number of days since a new piece of software was released to the public, so "zero-day software" was obtained by hacking into a developer's computer before release. Eventually the term was applied to the vulnerabilities that allowed this hacking, and to the number of days that the vendor has had to fix them. Vendors who discover the vulnerability may create patches or advise workarounds to mitigate it, though users need to deploy that mitigation to eliminate the vulnerability in their systems. Zero-day attacks are severe threats.
Rates Ecomuseum
Rates Ecomuseum (Portuguese: Ecomuseu de Rates or Ecomuseu de São Pedro de Rates) is a historic countryside pedestrian circuit or ecomuseum in the parish of Rates in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal.

Highlights of the 8 km-long circuit are the Romanesque Church of Rates, the bell-tower of the former monastery, the Praça, the rural architecture using shale as a construction material, the local section of the way of Saint James, the countryside landscape, windmills, watermills and the linen, bread and wine-making cultures.

The ecomuseum includes maps and plates with information in Portuguese and English.

Ecomuseum
An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local communities. Ecomuseums originated in France, the concept being developed by Georges Henri Rivière and Hugues de Varine, who coined the term ‘ecomusée’ in 1971. The term "éco" is a shortened form for "écologie", but it refers especially to a new idea of holistic interpretation of cultural heritage, in opposition to the focus on specific items and objects, performed by traditional museums.

There are presently about 300 operating ecomuseums in the world; about 200 are in Europe, mainly in France, Italy, Spain, and Poland.
2019 Winston-Salem Open
The 2019 Winston-Salem Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 51st edition of the Winston-Salem Open (as successor to previous tournaments in New Haven and Long Island), and part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, from August 18 through August 24, 2019. It was the last event on the 2019 US Open Series before the 2019 US Open.

2019 US Open Series
In tennis, the 2019 US Open Series was the sixteenth edition of the US Open Series, which comprised a group of hard court tournaments that started on July 22, 2019 in Atlanta and concluded in Winston-Salem on August 25, 2019. This edition consisted of four separate men's tournaments and two women's tournaments, with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men's and women's event. The series was headlined by two ATP Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events.
Weissenbacher–Zweymüller syndrome
Weissenbacher–Zweymuller syndrome (WZS), also called Pierre-Robin syndrome with fetal chondrodysplasia, is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder, linked to mutations (955 gly -> glu) in the COL11A2 gene (located on chromosomal position 6p21.3), which codes for the α2 strand of collagen type XI. It is a collagenopathy, types II and XI disorder. The condition was first characterized in 1964 by G. Weissenbacher and Ernst Zweymüller.

Collagenopathy, types II and XI
The type II and XI collagenopathies are a group of disorders that affect connective tissue, the tissue that supports the body's joints and organs. These disorders are caused by defects in type II or type XI collagen. Collagens are complex molecules that provide structure, strength, and elasticity to connective tissue. Type II and type XI collagen disorders are grouped together because both types of collagen are components of the cartilage found in joints and the spinal column, the inner ear, and the jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball (the vitreous). The type II and XI collagenopathies result in similar clinical features.
Kornstad Church
Kornstad Church (Norwegian: Kornstad kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Averøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Kornstad on the western coast of the island of Averøya, along the Kornstadfjorden. It is the church for the Kornstad parish which is part of the Ytre Nordmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1871 using plans by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 350 people.

Kornstadfjorden
Kornstadfjorden is a fjord that runs between Averøy Municipality and Hustadvika Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 9-kilometre (5.6 mi) long fjord runs between the Romsdal peninsula and the island of Averøya. The villages of Visnes and Eide lie on the west side of the fjord and the village of Kornstad is located on the east side of the fjord.

On the south end of the fjord, it becomes the Kvernesfjorden and runs to the northeast. On the north end of the fjord, it becomes the Lauvøyfjorden, near where the Atlantic Ocean Road (Atlanterhavsveien) crosses the fjord.