hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mimamsa-IISER
MIMAMSA is a national level inter-collegiate science competition for UG (1st, 2nd and 3rd Year) students, organized by IISER PUNE. It aims at creating a unique set of questions that focus on concepts and their interdependence. Mimamsa strives to convey the implicit beauty of science. Over the years the means of implementing this philosophy have been honed to give rise to one of India’s toughest science quizzes. The fact that Mimamsa has gained national acclaim and renown is substantiated by the results of the quiz over the years.  It has expanded to encompass all major regions of the country.

Indian Institute of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.
Bearskin
A bearskin is a tall fur cap derived from mitre caps worn by grenadier units in the 17th and 18th centuries. Initially worn by only grenadiers, bearskins were later used by several other military units in the 19th century. The bearskin cap continued to see use in battle during the mid-19th century, although by the 20th century, it was only used for parade dress. In the 21st century, the bearskin cap is retained by select military units as a prominent element of their ceremonial and full dress uniforms.

Governor's Guards
The Governor's Guards of Connecticut are four distinct units of the Connecticut State Guard, a part of the organized militia under the Connecticut State Militia. There are two foot guard units and two horse guard units. All four units are formed fully of volunteers and serve under the authority of the Connecticut Adjutant General and the Governor of the State of Connecticut, who serves as the Guards' Commander-in-Chief.
Sports club
A sports club or sporting club, sometimes an athletics club or sports society or sports association, is a group of people formed for the purpose of playing sports.

Sports clubs range from organisations whose members play together, unpaid, and may play other similar clubs on occasion, watched mostly by family and friends, to large commercial organisations with professional players which have teams that regularly compete against those of other clubs and sometimes attract very large crowds of paying spectators. Clubs may be dedicated to a single sport or to several (multi-sport clubs).

The term "athletics club" is sometimes used for a general sports club, rather than one dedicated to athletics proper.

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn's Turner movement, first realised at Volkspark Hasenheide in Berlin in 1811, was the origin of the modern sports clubs.

Sociedad Anónima Deportiva
Sociedad anónima deportiva ("Public limited sports company") is a special type of Spanish public limited company (known as sociedad anónima in Spain). The new legal status was introduced in 1990 to improve financial management and transparency in sports clubs. Many Spanish football and basketball clubs add the suffix S.A.D. to the end of their official name, for example Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D.

Every club which plays in La Liga, Segunda División or Liga ACB and remains in the league was obliged to convert to S.A.D. status. However, this obligation was eliminated in 2022.

For historical reasons, Athletic Club, FC Barcelona, Real Madrid and Osasuna were allowed to retain their status as non-commercial sports associations.
Merrimac F.C.
Merrimac Football Club, is a soccer club based in Merrimac, Queensland. The club was originally founded in 1978. The club was formally known as Merrimac International Football Club, in reference to its Italian heritage. The club has not fielded a senior men's team since 2017.

Merrimac F.C. is one of three SEQ soccer clubs that are Italian-Australian backed clubs, the others being Brisbane City & AC Carina.

Brisbane City FC
Brisbane City Football Club is an Australian semi-professional football club based in Newmarket, Brisbane, Queensland. Founded in 1952, the club competed in the National Soccer League until the 1986 season where they were relegated back to State League Competition. Brisbane City competed in the National Premier Leagues Queensland from 2013, until they were relegated to the lower tier Football Queensland Premier League with one match remaining in the 2020 season. They then won 20 out of 20 matches in the 2021 season to earn immediate promotion back to the National Premier Leagues Queensland. Home matches are played at Spencer Park.
UIKit
UIKit is an application development environment and graphical user interface toolkit from Apple Inc. used to build apps for the iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS operating systems.

UIKit provides an abstraction layer of iOS, the operating system for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. UIKit is similar to AppKit from the macOS Cocoa API toolset, and it too is primarily written in the Objective-C language. UIKit allows the use of hardware and features that are not found in macOS computers and are thus unique to the iOS range of devices. Like AppKit, UIKit follows a Model–View–Controller (MVC) software architecture.

UIKit contains a different set of graphical control elements from AppKit. Tools for developing applications based on UIKit are included in the iOS SDK.

TvOS
tvOS (formerly Apple TV Software) is an operating system developed by Apple for the Apple TV, a digital media player. In the first-generation Apple TV, Apple TV Software was based on Mac OS X. The software for the second-generation and later Apple TVs is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar frameworks, technologies, and concepts.

The second- and third-generation Apple TV have several built-in applications, but do not support third-party applications.

On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the fourth-generation Apple TV, with support for third-party applications. Apple also changed the name of the Apple TV operating system to tvOS, adopting the camel case nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and (later, in 2016) macOS.

The latest version, tvOS 26, was released on September 15, 2025.
El Viso
El Viso is a village located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the village has a population of 2,849 inhabitants.
It is next to  Belalcázar, Hinojosa del Duque, Villaralto, Dos Torres and Santa Eufemia and also next to Ciudad Real, Badajoz and Cabeza del Buey.

Belalcázar, Spain
Belalcázar is a municipality and city in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, southern Spain. Belalcázar s located approximately 100 km from Córdoba city.

Belalcázar is well-known by its cultural heritage: two castles, the convent of Santa Clara, the church of Santiago, the Roman bridge, or the city hall among others.
Ibrahim Khawas
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ahmed bin Ismail Alkhawas or Ebrahim Khawas (Persian ابراهیم الخواص) was a Persian scholar of the Sunnis in the 3rd century AH. He died in the Rey Mosque in the city of Rey, in the year 291 AH, corresponding to 904 AD, and Yusuf Ibn Al-Hussein took charge of his washing and burial. Al-Sulami said about him that he was a sheikh and scholar of his time.

Al-Sulami
Abu 'Abd al-Rahman Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Sulami al-Shafi'i (Arabic: محمد بن حسين السلمي), commonly known as al-Sulami (947-1034), was a Shafi'i muhaddith (Hadith Master), muffassir (Qur'anic commentator), shaykh of the Awliya, Sufi hagiographer, and a prolific writer. Al-Dhahabi said of him: "He was of very high status."
Helton (footballer)
Helton da Silva Arruda (born 18 May 1978), known simply as Helton, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After starting out at Vasco da Gama, he went on to spend his career in Portugal, representing União de Leiria and Porto and winning 18 major titles with the latter club. Over 14 seasons, he appeared in 299 Primeira Liga games.

Helton appeared for Brazil at the 2007 Copa América.

2008–09 Taça de Portugal
2008–09 Taça de Portugal was the 86th season of Portuguese football knockout tournament. The competition started on August 30, 2008 with the first round and ended with the final held in on May 31, 2009. The defending champions were Sporting CP.
2013–14 AEK Athens F.C. season
The 2013–14 season was the 90th season in the existence of AEK Athens F.C. and the first in the third tier of Greek football. They competed in the Football League 2 and the Football League 2 Cup. The season began on 22 September 2013 and finished on 21 May 2014.

2013–14 Gamma Ethniki Cup
The 2013–14 Gamma Ethniki Cup was the first edition of the Gamma Ethniki Cup, a Greek football Cup competition, wherein only the clubs of the Gamma Ethniki (the third tier of the Greek football league system) were allowed to participate. The Cup winner competed at the end of the season with the winner of the 2013–14 Amateurs' Cup for the 2014 Amateurs' Super Cup.
Kostelany nad Moravou
Kostelany nad Moravou is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Kostelany nad Moravou lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Uherské Hradiště, 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Zlín, and 245 km (152 mi) south-east of Prague.

Uherské Hradiště
Uherské Hradiště (Czech pronunciation: [ˈuɦɛrskɛː ˈɦraɟɪʃcɛ]; German: Ungarisch Hradisch) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration with the two neighbouring towns of Staré Město and Kunovice has over 37,000 inhabitants.

The town is the centre of the cultural region of Moravian Slovakia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
S5 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
Line S 5 is a S-Bahn line in the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio. It runs from Dortmund Hbf via Witten Hbf to Hagen Hbf. There are current plans to expand the line by building five new stations. It is operated between Dortmund and Witten at 30-minute intervals and between Witten and Hagen at 60-minute intervals using Alstom Coradia Continental type 1440.3 and class 422.

Line S 5 runs over  the Elberfeld–Dortmund railway opened by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 20 December 1848.

S-Bahn services commenced on the whole length of the route on 29 May 1994.

Hagen Hauptbahnhof
Hagen Hauptbahnhof is a railway station serving the city of Hagen in western Germany. It is an important rail hub for the southeastern Ruhr area, offering regional and long distance connections. The station was opened in 1848 as part of the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company's Elberfeld–Dortmund line and is one of the few stations in the Ruhr valley to retain its original station hall, which dates back to 1910.
Mdundiko
Mdundiko is one of the traditional and ritual dances (ngoma) of the Zaramo people living in the Dar es Salaam area, in Tanzania. Mdundiko dances are associated with weddings and the rites of passage celebrating female puberty.

The mdundiko style has inspired some modern popular Tanzanian music. The bongo flava group "Mambo Jambo", for example, mix western hip hop/rap and mdundiko rhythms (their first single was entitled Hip-Hop Mdundiko).

Bongo Flava
Bongo Flava is a nickname for Tanzanian music. The genre was developed in the 1990s, mainly as a derivative of American hip hop and traditional Tanzanian styles such as taarab and dansi. Lyrics are usually in Swahili or English.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.

Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.
HMS Vengeance (1774)
HMS Vengeance was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 25 June 1774 at Rotherhithe. By 1780, she was at the island of Martinique, and was driven ashore and damaged at Saint Lucia in the Great Hurricane of 1780 but recovered and made her way to Portsmouth to be repaired. Finished in 1803, the ship was put into reserve before becoming a prison ship in the year 1808.

She was broken up in 1816.

Prison ship
A prison ship, is a current or former seagoing vessel that has been modified to become a place of substantive detention for convicts, prisoners of war or civilian internees. Some prison ships were hulked. While many nations have deployed prison ships over time, the practice was most widespread in 18th- and 19th-century Britain, as the government sought to address the issues of overcrowded civilian jails on land and an influx of enemy detainees from the War of Jenkins' Ear, the Seven Years' War and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
(99907) 1989 VA
(99907) 1989 VA (provisional designation 1989 VA) is a very eccentric, stony asteroid and near-Earth object, approximately 1 kilometer in diameter. It was discovered on 2 November 1989, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker and Canadian astronomer David Levy at the Palomar Observatory on Mount Palomar, California.

David H. Levy
David Howard (Doveed) Levy (born May 22, 1948) is a Canadian amateur astronomer, science writer and discoverer of comets and minor planets, who co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 in 1993, which collided with the planet Jupiter in 1994.
Burwood Plaza
Burwood Plaza is a small 1970s-style two-storey shopping centre located in the suburb of Burwood in Sydney's Inner West, Australia.

In November 2014, Parramatta-based Holdmark Property Group acquired Burwood Plaza from Centuria Property Funds for a price of around $80 million. With plans for the site to be used to build a commercial complex known as Burwood Place, with a new convenience centered shopping centre. The redeveloped site would span 2 city blocks, and would be strategically located near the Burwood North railway station, of the Sydney Metro West line that is planned to be opened in 2032. The remaining centre was initially expected to close in early 2025, however this has been delayed. Sources after 2025 have claimed that the new shopping centre to replace Burwood Plaza would be opened by 2028 and anchored by a Coles supermarket, following a deal between Holdmark Property Group and Coles Group, overriding Woolworths former supermarket anchor position.

Burwood North railway station
Burwood North Metro Station is an underground Sydney Metro station currently under construction. Located on the Sydney Metro West line, it will serve the suburb of Burwood. It will be located on the corner of Burwood and Parramatta Roads and is scheduled to open with the rest of the line in 2032.

The two new entrances will be located on both the north and south sides of Parramatta Road.
History of General Hospital
The history of General Hospital refers to the ABC Daytime soap opera, General Hospital, a daytime American television soap opera. It ranks as one of the world's longest-running soap operas, and was in continuous production until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Set in the fictional town of Port Charles, New York, the show primarily revolves around the lives and relationships of the people connected to the town's hospital. The show has aired over 15,600 episodes as of September 7, 2025, and has spawned several spin-offs since it was originally broadcast.

Emily Quartermaine
Emily Quartermaine is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera General Hospital. The role was originated on January 20, 1995 by Amber Tamblyn, who portrayed the role until July 11, 2001. Natalia Livingston subsequently played Emily from April 1, 2003 until May 7, 2008, despite the character's death in November 2007. Livingston also appeared for two episodes in 2009, last appearing on June 23. Livingston made a surprise return for the show's 50th anniversary, appearing on April 2, 2013. She returned in 2014 for two subsequent guest appearances: on March 18 and April 1, respectively. In 2005, Livingston won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of Emily.
Provincial Hospital Bhadrapur
Provincial Hospital Bhadrapur, formally known as Mechi Zonal Hospital is a government hospital located in Bhadrapur Municipality, in Koshi Province of Nepal. It is providing health services focusing to the poor and under-privileged people of Jhapa District of Koshi Province.

Jhapa District
Jhapa District (Nepali: झापा जिल्ला; Listenⓘ) is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi Surjapuri language word "Jhapa", meaning "to cover" (verb). The 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.
Yang Zhenhuai
Yang Zhenhuai (Chinese: 杨振怀; September 1928 – 19 October 2024) was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of Water Resources from 1988 to 1993.

Yang was an alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 7th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress and 9th National People's Congress.

Minister of Water Resources (China)
The minister of water resources of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is eighteenth in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Li Guoying, who concurrently serves as the Communist Party secretary of the ministry.
De pictura
De pictura (English: "On Painting") is a treatise or commentarii written by the Italian humanist and artist Leon Battista Alberti. The first version, composed in Latin in 1435, was not published until 1450. It is one of his three treatises on art; the other two are De statua and De re aedificatoria, that would form the Renaissance concept for the fine arts: painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi (/ˌbruːnəˈlɛski/ BROO-nə-LESK-ee; Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]) and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith, and sculptor. He is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is recognized as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. In 1421, Brunelleschi became the first person to receive a patent in the Western world. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, and for the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most surviving works can be found in Florence.
Malwa Agency
Malwa Agency was an administrative section of British India's Central India Agency. The headquarters of the political agent was at Neemuch (Nimach). The other chief towns of the region were : Ratlam and Jaora.

Dewas State
Dewas State was a territory within Central India, which was the seat of two Maratha princely states during the British Raj.
After the Maratha conquest of Central India, Dewas was divided into two states - Dewas Junior ruled by Jivaji Rao ('Dada Saheb') Puar and Dewas Senior ruled by Tukoji Rao ('Baba Saheb') Puar. On 12 December 1818, the 2 Dewas States became British protectorates.
2018 Pan American Men's Handball Championship
The 2018 Pan American Men's Handball Championship was the 18th official competition for senior men's national handball teams of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. It was held from 16 to 24 June 2018 in Nuuk, Greenland. It also acted as the qualifying competition for the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship in Denmark and Germany, securing three vacancies for the World Championship.

Argentina won the tournament for the seventh time after defeating Brazil 29–24 in the final.

Pan American Men's Handball Championship
The Pan American Men's Handball Championship, also called PanAmericano, was the official competition for senior national handball teams of North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean. It took place every two years and was organized by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation. In addition to crowning the Pan-American champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the IHF World Men's Handball Championship. In 2018, the PATHF was folded and the tournament was replaced with the South and Central American Championship and North America and Caribbean Championship.
Quantum complexity theory
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational model based on quantum mechanics. It studies the hardness of computational problems in relation to these complexity classes, as well as the relationship between quantum complexity classes and classical (i.e., non-quantum) complexity classes.

Two important quantum complexity classes are BQP and QMA.

Quantum circuit
In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria.

Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items that are connected by these lines are operations performed on the qubits, such as measurements or gates. These lines define the sequence of events, and are usually not physical cables.

The graphical depiction of quantum circuit elements is described using a variant of the Penrose graphical notation. Richard Feynman used an early version of the quantum circuit notation in 1986.