hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gunwale
The gunwale (/ˈɡʌnəl/) is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat.

Originally the structure was the "gun wale" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery. Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the "inwale" and "outwale".

On a canoe, the gunwale is typically the widened edge at the top of its hull,  reinforced with wood, plastic or aluminum, to carry the thwarts.

On a narrowboat or canal boat, the gunwale is synonymous with the side deck—a narrow ledge running the full length of the craft.

Thwart
A thwart is a part of an undecked boat that provides seats for the crew and structural rigidity for the hull. A thwart goes from one side of the hull to the other. There may be just one thwart in a small boat, or many in a larger boat, especially if several oarsmen need to be accommodated.
María Enriqueta Flores Manzanera
María Enriqueta Flores Manzanera (23 June 1872 – 20 June 1951) was a Mexican woman served as the First Lady of Mexico for less than one hour on February 19, 1913, as the wife of President Pedro Lascuráin, making her the shortest serving first spouse in modern history.

First ladies and gentlemen of Mexico
The first lady of Mexico (Spanish: Primera Dama de México) or first gentleman of Mexico (Spanish: Primer Caballero de México) is the informal title held by the spouse of the president of Mexico, concurrent with the president's term of office.

The position has no legal foundation and was originally started as a courtesy title. However, several holders of the title have taken on ceremonial roles during the presidential tenure of their spouses and have used the position to advocate for various causes.

Jesús María Tarriba is the current First Gentleman of Mexico as the husband of President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo.
Diallyl carbonate
Diallyl carbonate (DAC) is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Its structure contains allyl groups and a functional carbonate group. The presence of double bonds in the allyl groups makes it reactive in various chemical processes. This compound plays a key role in the production of polymers, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes. Diallyl carbonate is soluble in ethanol, methanol, toluene, and chloroform. Diallyl carbonate reacts with amines, alcohols, and thiols.

DAC is also used as an acrylate agent. Allyl carbonates are widely used in Tsuji-Trost allylation, promoting the formation of carbanions, boronates, phosphides, amides, and alkoxides. They act as in situ nucleophiles, increasing the reaction rate compared to allyl acetate. These compounds are of great interest for the design of intramolecular decarboxylate asymmetric compounds.

Allyl group
In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−HC=CH2. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2−) attached to a vinyl group (−CH=CH2). The name is derived from the scientific name for garlic, Allium sativum. In 1844, Theodor Wertheim isolated an allyl derivative from garlic oil and named it "Schwefelallyl". The term allyl applies to many compounds related to H2C=CH−CH2, some of which are of practical or of everyday importance, for example, allyl chloride.

Allylation is any chemical reaction that adds an allyl group to a substrate.
Pontiac Assembly
Pontiac Assembly was one of four General Motors assembly plants in Pontiac, Michigan located along Baldwin Avenue. It served as the home factory for GM's Pontiac Motor Division since it was built in 1927. It was across the street from the currently operational Pontiac Metal Center, which was the original location for the Oakland Motor Car Company, which Pontiac evolved out of.

Pontiac Grand Prix
The Grand Prix is a line of automobiles produced by the Pontiac Division of General Motors from 1962 until 2002 as coupes and from 1989 through 2008 model years as four-door sedans.

First introduced as a full-size performance coupe for the 1962 model year, the model repeatedly varied in size, luxury, and performance over successive generations. The Grand Prix was the most expensive coupe Pontiac offered until the 1970s, when the Bonneville Brougham and the Firebird Trans Am became more exclusive; the Grand Prix moved into the intermediate personal luxury car and later the mid-size market segments.

All Grand Prixs from 1962 through 1972 were pillarless hardtops (except for the 1967 convertible).
1920 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The 1920 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Voters chose 38 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Pennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee, Senator Warren G. Harding, over the Democratic nominee, Ohio Governor James M. Cox. Harding won Pennsylvania by a landslide margin of 38.56%. This was the first time ever that Berks County and Pike County voted Republican. Fulton County voted Republican for the first time since 1872.

1872 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
A presidential election was held in Pennsylvania on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Pennsylvania voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Liberal Republican candidate, Horace Greeley. Grant won Pennsylvania by a margin of 24.42%.
Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania
Nether Providence Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Many residents refer to the township by the name of its largest community, Wallingford, because the Wallingford postal code is used for most of the township. The population of the township was 13,706 at the 2010 census.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Ahmet Demircan
Ahmet Demircan (born 13 July 1954) is a Turkish physician and politician. He served as the Minister of Health between 2017 and 2018.

Demircan is a graduate from Atatürk University's Faculty of Medicine. He specialized in General Surgery at the same faculty. He worked as practitioner at the state hospitals of Samsun, Muş and Bafra. He was a deputy for Samsun in the 20th, 21st, 25th, 26th and 27th Parliamentary period. He was a Ministry of State in the 54th government of Turkey.

Demircan served as deputy chairmen of the People's Voice Party. He was appointed to the Ministry of Health due to the changes made in the cabinet on 19 July 2017.

54th government of Turkey
The 54th government of Turkey governed Turkey from 28 June 1996 to 30 June 1997. It was a coalition government formed by Welfare Party (RP) and True Path Party (DYP), and was known as Refahyol (a portmanteau of the Turkish names of the two parties in the coalition).
San Vito de Java Airport
San Vito de Java  Airport (IATA: TOO, ICAO: MRSV) is an airport serving the town of San Vito in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. San Vito is 5 miles (8 km) west of the border with Panama.

There is a wide ravine just short of Runway 08, and rising terrain in all quadrants. The Coto 47 non-directional beacon (Ident: COT) is located 13.4 nautical miles (25 km) south of the airport. The David VOR-DME (Ident: DAV) is located 40.7 nautical miles (75 km) southeast of the airport.

Puntarenas Province
Puntarenas (Spanish pronunciation: [puntaˈɾenas]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the western part of the country, covering most of Costa Rica's Pacific Ocean coast, and it is the largest province in Costa Rica. Clockwise from the northwest, it borders on the provinces Guanacaste, Alajuela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama.
Giorgio Rocca
Giorgio Rocca (born 6 August 1975) is an Italian former alpine skier, a specialist in slalom skiing. Together with Marc Girardelli, Ingemar Stenmark and Marcel Hirscher, he is one of four skiers to have won 5 Alpine Skiing World Cup slaloms in a row, which he achieved in the 2005/2006 season: only Alberto Tomba (7) has won more World Cup slaloms consecutively. He is currently ninth in the list of all-time slalom winners, with a total of 11 victories.

Marcel Hirscher
Marcel Hirscher (born 2 March 1989) is an Austrian-Dutch World Cup alpine ski racer. Hirscher made his World Cup debut in March 2007. He competed primarily in slalom and giant slalom, as well as combined and occasionally in super G. Winner of a record eight consecutive World Cup titles, Hirscher has also won 11 medals at the Alpine Skiing World Championships, seven of them gold, a silver medal in slalom at the 2014 Winter Olympics, and two gold medals in the combined and giant slalom at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Due to his record number of overall titles and many years of extreme dominance of both slalom and giant slalom, he is considered by many, including his former rivals Henrik Kristoffersen, Kjetil Jansrud and Alexis Pinturault, to be  the best alpine skier in history. He won a total of 67 World Cup races, ranking second on the male all-time list.
Nemastylis
Nemastylis, or pleatleaf, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1835. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and the southern part of the United States. The genus name is derived from the Greek words nema, meaning "thread", and stylos, meaning "pillar" or "rod".

Species

Nemastylis floridana Small - Florida

Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. - south-central United States

Nemastylis nuttallii Pickering ex R.C. Foster - Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri

Nemastylis selidandra Ravenna - Texas

Nemastylis tenuis (Herb.) S.Watson - Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Texas, Arizona

Nemastylis tuitensis (Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.) Ravenna - Jalisco State in Mexico

formerly included

Nemastylis pearcei Baker = Tigridia pearcei (Baker) Ravenna

Nemastylis mcvaughii Molseed & Cruden = Tigridia convoluta (Ravenna) Goldblatt

Nemastylis nuttallii
Nemastylis nuttallii, the Nuttall's pleatleaf, Ozark celestial-lily or pine woods lily, is a plant species native to  Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma in the south-central United States. Some authors have mistakenly called this species N. coelestina.

Nemastylis nuttallii is a bulb-forming perennial herb up to 40 cm (3 feet) tall. Stems are usually unbranched. Leaves are very narrow and linear. Flowers are pale blue, opening in the evening.
Neryuktyayinsk 1-y
Neryuktyayinsk 1-y (Russian: Нерюктяйинск 1-й) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of four settlements, in addition to Biryuk, Kudu-Byas and Tas-Anna, in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 50 kilometers (31 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 1,055.

Tas-Anna
Tas-Anna (Russian: Тас-Анна) is a rural locality (a selo) in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 47 kilometers (29 mi) from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from Daban, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 201.
HMS Minotaur (1863)
HMS Minotaur was the lead ship of the Minotaur-class armoured frigates built for the Royal Navy during the 1860s. Minotaur took nearly four years between her launching and commissioning because she was used for evaluations of her armament and different sailing rigs.

The ship spent the bulk of her active career as flagship of the Channel Squadron, including during Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee Fleet Review in 1887. She became a training ship in 1893 and was then hulked in 1905 when she became part of the training school at Harwich. Minotaur was renamed several times before being sold for scrap in 1922 and broken up the following year.

Minotaur-class ironclad
The Minotaur-class  ironclads consisted of three armoured frigates built for the Royal Navy during the 1860s. They were enlarged versions of HMS Achilles with heavier armament, thicker armour, and more powerful engines. The ships of this class were unique among ironclad warships in possessing on completion five masts, named fore-, second-, main-, fourth- and mizzen-.
1910 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
The 1910 congressional elections in Wisconsin were held on November 8, 1910, to determine who would represent the state of Wisconsin in the United States House of Representatives. Representatives were elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 62nd Congress from March 4, 1911, until March 4, 1913. The election coincided with the  1910 Wisconsin gubernatorial election. Wisconsin had eleven congressional districts at the time. It was held as part of the 1910 United States House of Representatives elections.

1910 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1910 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910. Primary elections were held on September 6, 1910.

Republican nominee Francis E. McGovern defeated Democratic nominee Adolph J. Schmitz and Socialist nominee William A. Jacobs, with 50.57% of the vote.
2007 ASB Classic
The 2007 ASB Classic was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the Tier IV Series of the 2007 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 1 January until 6 January 2007. First-seeded Jelena Janković won the singles title and earned $21,140 first-prize money.

WTA Auckland Open
The WTA Auckland Open, known as the ASB Classic (sponsored by ASB Bank), is a professional women's tennis tournament in Auckland, New Zealand. The tournament is played annually, in the first week of January, at the ASB Tennis Centre in the suburb of Parnell, just east of the Central Business District. It is an International level tournament in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) World Tour. The equivalent men's event, the ATP Auckland Open, is played in the following week, immediately ahead of the first Grand Slam tournament of the season, the Australian Open.

The ASB Classic returned in 2023 after the 2021 and 2022 events were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic owing travel restrictions for international visitors to New Zealand.
International Access 2.3
The Access 2.3 is a single-crew cat rigged sailing keelboat, which is recognised by the International Sailing Federation as an international class. It is typically regarded as being a beginner's dinghy.

Keelboat
A keelboat is a small- to mid-sized recreational sailing yacht. Modern keelboats often have fixed fin keels, and considerable draft, but shoal draft or lifting keel designs exist also.

Keelboats have ballast to help keep the boat upright.

A keelboat has a cabin with accommodation for crew to sleep or cook. Though there can be some overlap, they are generally larger than dinghies, which are not ballasted and don't have cabins.

A keelboat is technically any sailboat with a keel and ballast —as opposed to a dinghy.

World Sailing (formerly the ISAF, formerly the IYRU) usage differentiates keelboats (including the 12-meter class) from generally larger yachts, despite overlap in the sizes of boats in the two classes. The 2025 Offshore Double Handed World Championship will use the Sun Fast 30 One Design.

The Olympic Games used keelboat to describe keeled boats such as the Soling which carries three crew, compared to larger boats such as the 12-metre class.
Rarz
Rarz is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Ayni District in Sughd Region. The jamoat has a total population of 8,998 (2015). It consists of 9 villages, including Rarz (the seat), Fatmev, Fatmovut, Guzaribad and Ispan.

Jamoats of Tajikistan
The jamoats of Tajikistan (Russian: джамоаты, romanized: dzhamoaty; Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes") are the third-level administrative divisions, similar to communes or municipalities, in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan. As of January 2020, there are 368 rural jamoats, 65 towns and 18 cities in Tajikistan. Each jamoat is further subdivided into villages (or deha or qyshqol)

The jamoats and towns, and their population figures (as of January 2015) by district of each region are listed below:
2004 Tropicana 400
The 2004 Tropicana 400 presented by Meijer was the 18th stock car race of the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series season and the 4th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, July 11, 2004, before a crowd of 80,000 in Joliet, Illinois, at Chicagoland Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 267 laps to complete. At race's end, Tony Stewart of Joe Gibbs Racing would win a controversial race, after an altercation with Evernham Motorsports driver Kasey Kahne left owner Ray Evernham accusing Stewart of numerous occasions of reckless driving and stating that "He needs to get suspended, and he should have his ass beat." The win was Stewart's 18th career NASCAR Nextel Cup Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports finished 2nd and Dale Jarrett of Robert Yates Racing finished 3rd.

NASCAR Cup Series at Chicagoland Speedway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series are held at the Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. Previously, the race was held in July from 2001 through 2010, with night races held from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 to 2017, the races were held as the first race of the Cup Series playoffs in the round of 16. In 2018, as part of the schedule realignment, the race was held on the last weekend of June. The race was placed on hiatus from 2019 to 2025 and returned in 2026.

Alex Bowman was the latest winner of the race.
(7482) 1994 PC1
(7482) 1994 PC1 is a stony asteroid and near-Earth object, currently estimated to be the most potentially hazardous asteroid over the next 1000 years. It is in the Apollo group, approximately 1.1 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 August 1994, by astronomer Robert McNaught at the Siding Spring Observatory in Coonabarabran, Australia. With an observation arc of 47 years it has a very well known orbit and was observed by Goldstone radar in January 1997.

Of all the known asteroids larger than 1 km, 1994 PC1 has the largest probability of a "deep close encounter" with Earth over the next 1000 years. It has a close encounter with Earth in 2525, after which the uncertainty of its orbit increases.

Robert H. McNaught
Robert H. McNaught (born in Scotland in 1956) is a Scottish-Australian astronomer at the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the Australian National University (ANU). He has collaborated with David J. Asher of the Armagh Observatory.

The inner main-belt asteroid 3173 McNaught, discovered by Edward Bowell at Anderson Mesa Station in 1981, was named after him by its discoverer, following a suggestion by David Seargent.
Bobby Levy
Bobby Levy is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Oregon House of Representatives.

On December 11, 2020, Levy and 11 other state Republican officials signed a letter requesting Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum join Texas and other states contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election in Texas v. Pennsylvania. Rosenblum announced she had filed in behalf of the defense, and against Texas, the day prior.

Levy was re-elected in 2022 with 82 percent of the vote, defeating Libertarian challenger Jesse Bonifer.

Ellen Rosenblum
Ellen F. Rosenblum (born January 6, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th Oregon Attorney General from June 2012 to December 2024. She is the first female state attorney general in Oregon's history, and previously was a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2005 to 2011.
Debate 109
"Debate 109" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American sitcom Community. It originally aired in the United States on NBC on November 12, 2009, to an audience of 5.09 million viewers. The episode received mostly positive reviews, though the Jeff and Annie romance was met with mixed reviews. The episode was directed by Joe Russo and written by Tim Hobert.

In the episode, Jeff teams up with Annie to take on City College in a debate. Meanwhile, the study group attempts to figure out if Abed's student films are predicting their futures, and Pierce tries to help Britta quit smoking using hypnotherapy.

Community season 1
The first season of the television comedy series Community originally aired from September 17, 2009, on NBC to May 20, 2010, in the United States. The first three episodes aired at 9:30 pm ET before being moved to 8:00 pm ET. The show was picked up for 22 episodes in October 2009, and an additional 3 episodes were ordered later.

The show focuses on disbarred lawyer Jeff Winger, and his attempt to get a bachelor's degree at a community college, while he forms a bond with his Spanish study group.
Guo Xun
Guo Xun (Chinese: 郭恂; Wade–Giles: Kuo Hsün, d. 75) was a military officer under the Han dynasty of China. He was an associate general of Ban Chao, as he and Ban Chao were sent to the Western Regions for a diplomatic expedition by Dou Gu. In 75, he was killed along with Chen Mu by the rebels from the state of Yanqi and Qiuci.

Chen Mu
Chen Mu (Chinese: 陈睦; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Mu, d. 75) was a governor and general during the Han dynasty who served the first Protector General of the Western Regions under Eastern Han between 74 and 75. During his service, he was killed by the rebels in Karasahr in A.D. 75, during the Han-Xiongnu War.
Escape!
"Escape!" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.  It was first published as "Paradoxical Escape" (a publisher's change in the title) in the August 1945 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted as "Escape!" (Asimov's choice of title) in the collections I, Robot (1950) and The Complete Robot (1982).

Three Laws of Robotics
The Three Laws of Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or Asimov's Laws) are a set of rules devised by science fiction author Isaac Asimov, which were to be followed by robots in several of his stories. The rules were introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround" (included in the 1950 collection I, Robot), although similar restrictions had been implied in earlier stories.
Gábor Kornél Tolnai
Gábor Kornél Tolnai (November 22, 1902, in Budapest – February 3, 1982, in Stockholm) was a Hungarian-Swedish engineer and  inventor. He is best known for his inventions and patents for spinning machines, devices for the Swedish National Defense and several types of tape recorders.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.