hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle between Mieszko I and Wichmann
The Battle between Mieszko I and Wichmann was the decisive last battle of Polish–Veletian War, fought on 21 or 22 September 967, between Duchy of Poland led by Mieszko I, with aid of the Duchy of Bohemia against the Confederacy of the Veleti led by Wichmann the Younger, with aid of Wolinians. The exact location of the battle remains unknown, though, some historians assume that it happened near Santok. The battle had ended with decisive Polish victory, leading to the end of the war. Veleti and Wolinians had received devastatingly heavy casualties, while the self-proclaimed leader of the army, Wichmann the Younger had died shortly after battle.

Civitas Schinesghe
Civitas Schinesghe (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈtʃivitas skiˈnesɡe]; Polish: Państwo Gnieźnieńskie), commonly referred to in historiography as the Duchy of Poland or the Principality of Poland, was the early medieval polity centered around Gniezno and ruled by the Piast dynasty. It emerged in the 10th century and is considered the predecessor state of the Kingdom of Poland, which was formally established in 1025.
David Fernández (footballer, born 1976)
David Fernández Miramontes (born 20 January 1976) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker, currently a scout.

He began his career with Deportivo de La Coruña, but spent most of it in Scottish football. He had a successful spell with Livingston, which earned him a move to Celtic.

2002–03 UEFA Cup
The 2002–03 UEFA Cup was the 32nd edition of the UEFA Cup, the second-tier European club football tournament organised by UEFA. The final was played between Portuguese side Porto and Scottish side Celtic at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, on 21 May 2003. Porto won 3–2 after silver goal extra time and became the first Portuguese team to win the competition.

Feyenoord could not defend their title as they automatically qualified for the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League and were also eliminated from all European competitions after finishing bottom of their group.
Tanjung Selor
Tanjung Selor is the capital of both the North Kalimantan province in Indonesia, and of the Bulungan Regency. It is among those provincial capitals in Indonesia that as of 2025 does not yet have city status, together with Mamuju in West Sulawesi, Sofifi in North Maluku, Nabire in Central Papua, Wamena in Highland Papua, Salor in South Papua, and Manokwari in West Papua. The district has an area of 677.77 km2 and had a population of 39,439 at the 2010 Census  and 56,569 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 62,111 (comprising 32,443 males and 29,668 females), while the mid 2024 estimate was 69,515.

Tanjung Selor was formally established as an administrative district (kecamatan) within Bulungan, after being separated from Tanjung Palas District, on 15 August 2002.

Wamena
Wamena, also known as the District of Wamena (Distrik Wamena), is a large town in the Western New Guinea region of Indonesia. It also serves as the seat of Jayawijaya Regency. It is the largest town in the province of Highland Papua, located in the Baliem Valley and had a population of 64,967 in the 2020 Census; the official estimate in mid 2023 was 66,080.  Wamena is the urban centre of a rural area housing Highland Papua's highest concentration of population, with over 300,000 people inhabiting the Baliem Valley and surrounding areas. These people belong to several related ethnic groups, the most prominent of which are the Dani, Lani, and Yali.

The town is also home to the Persiwa Wamena football team, which played in the Indonesian Super League until the early 2010s.
Scylacosauria
Scylacosauria is a clade of therocephalian therapsids. It includes the basal family Scylacosauridae and the infraorder Eutherocephalia. Scylacosauridae and Eutherocephalia form this clade to the exclusion of Lycosuchidae, the most basal therocephalian family. Thus, Scylacosauria includes all therocephalians except lycosuchids. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic position of Scylacosauria:

Scylacosauridae
Scylacosauridae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids. Scylacosaurids lived during the Permian period and were among the most basal therocephalians. The family was named by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1903. Scylacosaurids have long snouts and unusual saber-like canine teeth.
Kingianthus
Kingianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

The entire genus is endemic to Ecuador.

Species

Kingianthus paniculatus (Turcz.) H.Rob. - Ecuador (Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, Pichincha, + Tungurahua Provinces)

Kingianthus paradoxus H.Rob. - Ecuador (Azuay + Loja Provinces)

Kingianthus paniculatus
Kingianthus paniculatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Gmina Ośno Lubuskie
Gmina Ośno Lubuskie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Słubice County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Ośno Lubuskie, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of Słubice, 40 km (25 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and 72 km (45 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 197.97 square kilometres (76.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,426.

Słubice County
Słubice County (Polish: powiat słubicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Słubice, which lies 63 km (39 mi) south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski and 79 km (49 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra. The county contains three other towns: Rzepin, lying 19 km (12 mi) east of Słubice, Ośno Lubuskie, lying 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Słubice, and Cybinka, 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Słubice.

The county covers an area of 999.77 square kilometres (386.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 47,018. The most populated towns are Słubice with 16,705 inhabitants and Rzepin with 6,529 inhabitants.
Battle of Waddams Grove
The Battle of Waddams Grove, also known as the Battle of Yellow Creek was part of the Black Hawk War. It took place in present-day Stephenson County, Illinois on June 18, 1832. After several incidents of Sauk Indian raids on settlers along the Apple River, Captain James W. Stephenson left Galena with a group of volunteer militia in pursuit of the Native party. The group clashed on June 18, 1832 near Yellow Creek and the ensuing battle descended into a bayonet and knife fight in which several Sauk and three militia men were killed. Stephenson was severely wounded by a musketball to the chest during the fighting. The dead were eventually interred in a memorial cemetery in Kellogg's Grove, Illinois where a stone monument was erected in memory of those killed during the war.

Stephenson County, Illinois
Stephenson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 44,630. Its county seat is Freeport. Stephenson County is included in the Freeport, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Borgo Panigale
Borgo Panigale (Al Båurg or Båurg Panighèl in Bolognese dialect) is a district of Bologna, Italy.

An independent municipality until December 1937, when it was incorporated into the city, it has been part of the Borgo Panigale-Reno neighborhood since the administrative reform of 2016, alongside the adjacent areas of Barca and Santa Viola.

The neighborhood is home to Bologna's airport (Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport) and the industrial facilities of the motorcycle manufacturer Ducati.

Tangenziale di Bologna
The Tangenziale di Bologna ("Bologna ring road") or Raccordo autostradale 1 (RA 1; "Motorway connection 1") is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 22.2 kilometres (13.8 mi) long in Italy located in the region of Emilia-Romagna serving the urban area of Bologna.

It runs parallel to Autostrada A14 from Casalecchio di Reno, west of Bologna, to San Lazzaro di Savena, east of Bologna.

It was projected by engineers Francesco Fantoni and Giorgio Mondini; construction works lasted three years, and the infrastructure was inaugurated on 12 July 1967.
Circulating fluidized bed
The circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is a type of fluidized bed combustion that utilizes a recirculating loop for even greater efficiency of combustion. while achieving lower emission of pollutants.  Reports suggest that up to 95% of pollutants can be absorbed before being emitted into the atmosphere. The technology is limited in scale however, due to its extensive use of limestone, and the fact that it produces waste byproducts.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Große Steinau
The Große Steinau is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany.

It is a 7.8-kilometre-long (4.8 mi) tributary of the Sieber, north of Herzberg am Harz in the district of Göttingen. It rises at about 690 metres near the crags of the Sophienklippe on the Acker. It initially flows in a southwesterly direction, but later swings south before discharging into the Sieber near the small settlement of Aschenhütte, not far from the mouth of the Kleine Steinau. In times of drought the water of the Große Steinau seeps completely into the karst ground before its mouth and reappears about 4 days later at the Rhume Spring. An abandoned village, Steynowe, was probably located in the lower valley of the Große Steinau, but its exact location has not been found.

Göttingen (district)
Göttingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡœtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a district (German: Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of Northeim and Goslar, and by the states of Thuringia (district of Eichsfeld) and Hesse (districts of Werra-Meißner and Kassel, and the district-free city of Kassel). The capital is the university city of Göttingen.
Kōgen-ji
Kōgen-ji (向原寺, also written 広厳寺) is a Buddhist temple in Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The original temple was established by Soga no Iname. It is affiliated with Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism. It is one of the twenty-five Kansai flower temples.

Twenty-five Kansai flower temples
The twenty-five Kansai flower temples (Japanese: 関西花の寺二十五カ所) or twenty-five sacred Kansai flower temples (Japanese: 関西花の寺二十五霊場) are a multi-sect association of twenty-five Japanese Buddhist temples in the Kansai region that are known for their flower and foliage displays. The organization was founded in 1993 and includes temples in the Hyōgo, Kyoto, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama Prefectures.

The abbots of each temple provide large groups of 10 or more a Buddhist flower sermon, and the flower temples are common destinations for hanami (flower viewing) as well as pilgrimages which can include collecting shuin (seal stamps) from each of the temples.

The abbots of each of the twenty-five temples gather annually to hold a flower ceremony at one of the temples.
A. L. Mestel
Ascher Lawrence Mestel (September 17, 1926 – June 6, 2022) was an American pediatric surgeon and artist who was based in Brooklyn, New York. He was one of the pioneers in the field of pediatric surgery and was widely published. Mestel was especially well known for the groundbreaking first successful separation of Ischiopagus Tripus conjoined twins.

SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
The SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (formerly The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn) is a public medical school in Brooklyn, New York City. The university includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies and School of Public Health.

It is one of seven medical schools located in New York City and the sole medical school in the borough of Brooklyn, serving its 2.6 million residents.
Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino
Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino (First Conference of the Andean Man) was an academic conference in northern Chile organized by the northern branch of the University of Chile in June 1973. Its subject was the Indigenous societies of the Andean world, be these modern, historical or archaeological. The conference was an important milestone in the development of Andean studies including Andean archaeology and for Chile it marked the maturation of academic studies carried out by scholars based in its northern cities.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
William Monsell, 1st Baron Emly
William Monsell, 1st Baron Emly, PC (21 September 1812 – 20 April 1894) was an Anglo-Irish landowner and Liberal politician. He held a number of ministerial positions between 1852 and 1873, notably as President of the Board of Health in 1857 and as Postmaster General between 1871 and 1873.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Tautosyllabicity
Two or more segments are tautosyllabic (with each other) if they occur in the same syllable. For instance, the English word "cat" (/kæt/) is monosyllabic and so its three phonemes /k/, /æ/ and /t/ are tautosyllabic. They can also be described as sharing a 'tautosyllabic distribution'.

Phonemes that are not tautosyllabic are heterosyllabic. For example, in the English word "mustard" /ˈmʌstərd/, /m/ and /t/ are heterosyllabic since they are members of different syllables.

Monosyllable
In linguistics, a monosyllable is a word or utterance of only one syllable. It is most commonly studied in the fields of phonology and morphology. The word has originated from the Greek language.

"Yes", "no", "jump", "buy", "heat", "sure", "cough", and "and" are examples of monosyllables. Some of the longest monosyllabic words in the English language, all containing nine letters each, are "screeched," "schlepped," "scratched," "scrounged," "scrunched," "stretched," "straights," and "strengths".
Riemann–von Mangoldt formula
In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function.

The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies

The formula was stated by Riemann in his notable paper "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude" (1859) and was finally proved by Mangoldt in 1905.

Backlund gives an explicit form of the error for all T > 2:

Under the Lindelöf and Riemann hypotheses the error term can be improved to  and  respectively.

A more precise formula is given by Anatolii A. Karatsuba and M. A. Korolev.

Similarly, for any primitive Dirichlet character χ modulo q, we have

where N(T,χ) denotes the number of zeros of L(s,χ) with imaginary part between -T and T.

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Schistosoma indicum
Schistosoma indicum is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. The parasite is widespread in domestic animals in India and other Asian countries.

Schistosoma indicum was discovered by the British scientist R. E. Montgomery,  in 1906, from a horse from Mukteswar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This blood-fluke causes hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis in many domestic animals (sheep, goat, water buffalo, cattle, camel, horse, donkey, dog, but not pigs). It was responsible for an outbreak of pulmonary schistosomiasis, in 1981, in sheep in Rajasthan, leading to considerable mortality. S.indicum caused considerable mortality in the sheep flocks in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka but it was misdiagnosed as Rinder Pest, highlighting the problem of proper diagnosis of the infection in domestic animals. S.indicum has been detected from almost all the states of India and  is more widespread than Schistosoma spindale.

Schistosomatidae
Schistosomatidae is a family of digenetic trematodes with complex parasitic life cycles. Immature developmental stages of schistosomes  are found in molluscs and adults occur in vertebrates. The best studied group, the blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, infect and cause disease in humans. Other genera which are infective to non-human vertebrates can cause mild rashes in humans.

Schistosomatids are dioecious (individuals are of separate sexes) which is exceptional with regard to their phylum, Platyhelminthes, in which most species are hermaphroditic (individuals possess both male and female reproductive systems).
Presbyterian Church of Angola
The Presbyterian Church in Angola (In Portuguese the Igreja Presbiteriana de Angola or IPA) is a federation of theologically orthodox Reformed churches, that was founded in the mid-1980s, adopting the Westminster Confession of Faith as the official Standards.

Presbyterian Church of Brazil
The Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Portuguese: Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, or IPB, PCB in English) is an Evangelical Protestant Christian denomination in Brazil. It is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the country, having an estimated 702,949 members, 4,915 ordained ministers and 5,420 churches and  parishes. It is also the only Presbyterian denomination in Brazil present in all 26 States and the Federal District.

The Church was founded by the American missionary Rev. Ashbel Green Simonton, who also oversaw the formal organization of the first congregation (Presbyterian Church of Rio de Janeiro) and the first Presbytery (Presbytery of Rio de Janeiro).

The original Church in Rio de Janeiro was formally organized in January 1863. The Church then left the jurisdiction of the American church 1888, when the Synod was formed. The denomination considers the date of Simonton's arrival in Brazil, 12 August, 1859, as its foundation date.
Personalised stamp
A personalised (or personalized) stamp is a postage stamp on which, for a fee, an image and/or text of the purchaser's choosing may be placed. The stamps vary from country to country, and while some are normal stamps with a personalised label on the left attached by perforations, elsewhere the stamps are more properly regarded as one-piece personalised meter stamps with a colourful design next to the indicia. Stamps produced by Zazzle.com for the United States, for instance, are one-piece, self-adhesive with die cut margins to emulate perforations, and visually very similar to normal United States postage stamps, except for the addition of an information-based indicia (IBI) encoded by little black and white squares along one edge. A serial number appears next to the IBI.

Meter stamp
A meter stamp, or meter mark, is the impression made by a postage meter machine that indicates that postage has been paid on a letter or parcel. Meter stamps are widely used by businesses and organisations as they are more efficient than using postage stamps.

Meter stamps are not adhesive postage stamps in the normal sense, although they may be printed on adhesive labels before being applied to mail. Meter stamps are normally in red, although a variety of colours are found.
Joe Shirley Jr.
Joe Shirley Jr. (born December 4, 1947) is a Navajo politician who is the only two-term President of the Navajo Nation. He served as president from 2003 to 2011. He lives in Chinle, Arizona, and is Tódíchʼíiʼnii, born for Tábąąhá.

President of the Navajo Nation
The president of the Navajo Nation is the executive branch of the Navajo Nation. The office succeeded the tribal chairman, being created during the 1991 restructuring of the Navajo national government. The president and vice president are elected every four years. The Navajo Nation president shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.

As outlined in the Navajo Nation Code §1001-1006, until 2016, office holders had to be fluent in the Navajo language among other declared qualifications.  Presently, fluency is to be determined by the Navajo voters when they cast ballots.
Mount Tambo
Mount Tambo is a mountain located to the north-east of Omeo in Victoria, Australia. Its peak is 1,430 metres above sea level. It lies within the boundaries of the 6,050 hectare Marble Gully – Mount Tambo Nature Conservation Reserve.

The 2,740 hectare Mount Tambo Reserve was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1990.

Rare plant species found in Marble Gully – Mount Tambo Nature Conservation Reserve include marble daisy bush, delicate New Holland-daisy, and limestone pomaderris.

To the near north-east is Little Mount Tambo (1,227 metres). The headwaters from Deep Creek, which feeds in to the Tambo River, are on the south-east slopes.

It marks the intersection of the boundaries of the counties of Benambra, Dargo and Tambo.

While travelling with Georg Neumayer's expedition to Mount Kosciuszko in 1862, the painter Eugene von Guerard produced a sketch Mt Tambo & Omeo Swamps 10 Nov 62 and later an oil painting Mount Tambo from the Omeo Station 1862.

Tambo River (Victoria)
The Tambo River or Berrawan is a perennial river of the Mitchell River catchment, located in the East Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. With a total length in excess of 186 kilometres (116 mi), the Tambo River is one of the longest rivers in the East Gippsland drainage basin, extending from the steep forested southern slopes of the Victorian Alps through forest and farmland to the Gippsland Lakes.