hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yvvette Edwards
Yvvette Edwards FRSL is a British novelist born in London, England, of Caribbean heritage. Her first novel, A Cupboard Full of Coats, was published in 2011 to much acclaim and prize nominations that included the Man Booker Prize longlist and the Commonwealth Book Prize shortlist. Edwards followed this debut work five years later with The Mother (2016), a novel that "reinforces her accomplishment". She is a contributor to the 2019 anthology New Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.

Writers' Guild of Great Britain
The Writers' Guild of Great Britain (WGGB), established in 1959, is a trade union for professional writers in the United Kingdom. It is affiliated with both the Trades Union Congress (TUC) and the International Affiliation of Writers Guilds (IAWG).
Jackson Street (Hamilton, Ontario)
Jackson Street, is a Lower City collector road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off West of Locke Street South at Jackson Playground as a one-way street (Westbound) up to Queen Street South where it then switches over to a two-way street and is interrupted at Bay Street South the site of the Hamilton City Hall and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame (museum), resumes again East of the property on MacNab Street South and then ends at Wellington Street South.

Locke Street (Hamilton, Ontario)
Locke Street is a Lower City collector road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off at Aberdeen Avenue as a two-way street going through the Locke Street shopping district up to Main Street where it then becomes a one-way street until it crosses King Street and becomes two-way again going north past Victoria Park and ends just past Barton Street West on Tecumseh Street, a road that winds West and leads to the back-end of Dundurn Park.
Edinburgh Theological Seminary
Edinburgh Theological Seminary, formerly known as the Free Church College, is a theological seminary in Edinburgh connected to the Free Church of Scotland. It traces its origins back to the foundation of New College, Edinburgh at the time of the Disruption of 1843. At the formation of the United Free Church, the United Free Church was granted the New College buildings, and so the continuing Free Church moved to new premises in 1907. It acquired its present name in 2014.

Disruption of 1843
The Disruption of 1843, also known as the Great Disruption, was a schism in 1843 in which 450 evangelical ministers broke away from the Church of Scotland to form the Free Church of Scotland.
The main conflict was over whether the Church of Scotland or the British Government had the power to control clerical positions and benefits.  The Disruption came at the end of a bitter conflict within the Church of Scotland, and had major effects in the church and upon Scottish civic life.
Long Creek, North Carolina
Long Creek is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pender County, North Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 277.

The community is in southwestern Pender County, along North Carolina Highway 210. It is named for Long Creek, a southward-flowing stream that runs along the western edge of the community and leads southeast to the Northeast Cape Fear River. The community is 7 miles (11 km) west of Rocky Point, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Burgaw, the Pender county seat, and 21 miles (34 km) north of Wilmington.

Rocky Point, North Carolina
34°26′07″N 77°53′16″W﻿ / ﻿34.43528°N 77.88778°W﻿ / 34.43528; -77.88778
Rocky Point is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pender County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,476 at the 2020 census.

Rocky Point is within the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Muthiah Bhagavatar
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar (15 November 1877 – 30 June 1945), commonly known as Muthiah Bhagavatar, is one of Carnatic classical music's famous twentieth-century composers. He also created about 20 ragas.

Sangita Kalanidhi
Sangita Kalanidhi (transl. Treasure of Music and Art) is the title awarded annually to a Carnatic musician by the Madras Music Academy.

From 1929 to 1941, the award did not exist. The award was conceived in 1942 by Academy President K. V. Krishnaswami Iyer and on 1 January 1943 all musicians who had presided over the annual conferences between 1929 and 1942 were awarded the title. This included 2 or 3 past presidents - Palamarneri Swaminatha Iyer (1931), probably Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer (1936) and Mangudi Chidambara Bhagavatar (1937) - but no posthumous award has been presented since then. At times,  1946 is cited as the year of Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer's death, in which case he might have received the Sangita Kalanidhi in his lifetime.
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
On November 17, 2010, the United States FDA introduced a ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks, preventing the marketing and distribution of any prepackaged caffeinated alcoholic drink.

Such a ban was discussed as a result of multiple cases of alcohol poisoning and alcohol-related blackouts among users of such drinks. The majority of these alcohol poisoning cases were found on college campuses throughout the United States. Caffeinated alcoholic drinks such as Four Loko, Joose, Sparks and Tilt were the most popular around the U.S. The beverages, which combine malt liquor or other grain alcohol with caffeine and juices at alcohol concentrations up to about 14 percent, had become popular among younger generations. Their consumption had been associated with increased risk of serious injury, drunken driving, sexual assault and other detrimental behavior.

Caffeinated alcoholic drink
A caffeinated alcoholic drink is a drink that contains both alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) and a significant amount of caffeine. Caffeine, a stimulant, masks some of the depressant effects of alcohol.
In 2010 and 2011, this type of drink faced criticism for posing health risks to its drinkers. In some places there is a ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks.

Sometimes, caffeinated alcoholic drinks are made by mixing existing caffeinated drinks (coffee, energy drinks, cola) with alcoholic drinks.
1st Durham Rifle Volunteers
The 1st Durham Rifle Volunteers, later the 5th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry (5th DLI), was a part-time unit of the British Army from 1860 to the 1950s. Beginning from small independent corps of the Volunteer Force recruited in County Durham and Teesside, it became part of the Territorial Force and served as infantry in some of the bloodiest actions of the First World War. Later it was converted to anti-aircraft units that served during the Second World War both in Home Defence and in North-West Europe. Its successor units continued in the air defence role in the postwar Territorial Army until 1975.

Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically valuable high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. The Second Battle of Ypres was the occasion of the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.
Exit numbers in the United States
Exit numbers in the United States are assigned to freeway junctions, and are usually numbered as exits from freeways. Exit numbers generally are found above the destinations and route number(s) at the exit, as well as a sign in the gore. Exit numbers typically reset at political borders such as state lines. Some major streets also use exit numbers. Freeway exits in the United States are usually numbered in two formats: distance-based and sequential.

Interstate 65 in Kentucky
Interstate 65 (I-65) is part of the Interstate Highway System that runs 887.30 miles (1,427.97 km) north–south from Mobile, Alabama, to Gary, Indiana. The highway crosses Kentucky from south to north, from the Tennessee state line near Franklin to the Indiana state line in Louisville. I-65 passes through three of Kentucky's ten largest cities—Bowling Green, Elizabethtown, and Louisville—and serves Mammoth Cave National Park and Fort Knox. Kentucky was the first state to complete its portion of I-65, with the final section, located near Franklin, opening in 1970.
Angela Danadjieva
Angela Danadjieva is a landscape architect who founded the multidisciplinary design firm Danadjieva & Koenig Associates with her partner Thomas Koenig. She is well known for her work with Lawrence Halprin & Associates, including the Ira Keller Fountain in Portland, Oregon and Freeway Park in Seattle, Washington.

École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts (French for 'School of Fine Arts'; pronounced [ekɔl de boz‿aʁ]) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century.

The most famous and oldest École des Beaux-Arts is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, now located on the city's left bank across from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists and architects in Europe. Beaux-Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.
Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße (Berlin)
Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße is a street in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. The street runs north from Dircksenstraße in the inner eastern part of the city, to Torstraße where it becomes Schönhauser Allee. The best-known building on Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße is the Volksbühne ("people's theatre") at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (which was called Bülowplatz before World War II and Horst-Wessel-Platz during the Nazi period).

Before World War II, Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße was not a separate street, but a continuation of Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße, the rest of which is now called Karl-Liebknecht-Straße. During the years of the German Democratic Republic it was named for Rosa Luxemburg, a leading Marxist theoretician and one of the leaders of the Spartacist League, who was killed following the unsuccessful Communist Spartacist uprising in Berlin in 1919. It is one of the few streets in East Berlin named for a prominent Communist that has retained its name following the reunification of Germany in 1990.

Schönhauser Allee
Schönhauser Allee in Berlin is one of the most important streets of the Prenzlauer Berg district.

Schönhauser Allee begins at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz in the south and ends at Schonensche Straße in the north. Many of the side streets of Schönhauser Allee are named after Scandinavian cities as Bornholmer Straße and Kopenhagener Straße. The street was named after the Schönhausen Palace in Pankow.

The Berlin U-Bahn line U2 follows the boulevard on an elevated railway.

52°32′27″N 13°24′43″E﻿ / ﻿52.54083°N 13.41194°E﻿ / 52.54083; 13.41194
Multifoil arch
A multifoil arch (or polyfoil arch), also known as a cusped arch, polylobed arch, or scalloped arch, is an arch characterized by multiple circular arcs or leaf shapes (called foils, lobes, or cusps) that are cut into its interior profile or intrados. The term foil comes from the old French word for "leaf." A specific number of foils is indicated by a prefix: trefoil (three), quatrefoil (four), cinquefoil (five), sexfoil (six), octofoil (eight). The term multifoil or scalloped is specifically used for arches with more than five foils. The multifoil arch is characteristic of Islamic art and architecture; particularly in the Moorish architecture of al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula) and North Africa and in Mughal architecture of the Indian subcontinent. Variants of the multifoil arch, such as the trefoil arch, are also common in other architectural traditions such as Gothic architecture.: 132

Saint Michel d'Aiguilhe
Saint-Michel d'Aiguilhe (St. Michael of the Needle) is a chapel in Aiguilhe, near Le Puy-en-Velay, France. The chapel is reached by 268 steps carved into the rock. It was built in 969 on a volcanic plug 85 metres (279 ft) high. The surface on top of the plug is 57 metres (187 ft) in diameter.

Bishop Godescalc of Le Puy-en-Velay had the chapel built to celebrate his return from the pilgrimage of Saint James in 951. The chapel is dedicated to the Archangel Michael, the patron of mountaintops and other high places.

A prehistoric dolmen dedicated to Mercury by the Romans was built on the volcanic plug before the construction of the chapel. Three stones from this dolmen are said to be incorporated into the chapel.

In the 12th century, the chapel was enlarged, and a nave, ambulatory, two side chapels, a narthex, a carved portal, more frescoes, and a bell tower were added. The bell tower was built in the style of the nearby Cathedral Notre-Dame-du-Puy.
German warmblood
German warmblood may refer generally to any of the various warmblood horses of Germany, or more specifically to a warmblood registered with the nationwide German Horse Breeding Society. Beneath the umbrella term German warmblood are several regional variations on a singular standard; individual German warmblood types are not necessarily considered "breeds", because they have an open stud book and freely exchange genetic material between each other, with other warmblood types, with Anglo-Arabians, and with breeds like the Thoroughbred, Arabian, and Trakehner. (The Trakehner, while a warmblood horse from Germany, has a closed stud book and thus, like the Thoroughbred and Arabian, is considered a "true" breed.) All horses that are warmbloods and bred in Germany are named after the region in which they are born in. There is an exception to this and that is the Trakehner breed.

Trakehner
Trakehner (/trəˈkeɪnər/) is a warmblood breed of horse, originally developed at the East Prussian state stud farm in the town of Trakehnen from which the breed takes its name.  The  state stud was established in 1731 and operated until 1944, when the fighting of World War II led to the annexing of East Prussia by Russia, and the town containing the stud renamed as Yasnaya Polyana.

The Trakehner typically stands between 15.2 and 17 hands (62 and 68 inches, 157 and 173 cm). They can be any color, with bay, gray, chestnut and black being the most common, though the breed also includes few roan and tobiano pinto horses. It is considered to be the lightest and most refined of the warmbloods, due to its closed stud book which allows entry of only Trakehner, as well as few selected Thoroughbred, Anglo-Arabian, Shagya and Arabian bloodlines.
Free Art License
The Free Art License (FAL) (French: Licence Art Libre, LAL) is a copyleft license that grants the right to freely copy, distribute, and transform creative works except for computer hardware and software, including for commercial use.

License compatibility
License compatibility is a legal framework that allows for pieces of software with different software licenses to be distributed together. The need for such a framework arises because the different licenses can contain contradictory requirements, rendering it impossible to legally combine source code from separately licensed software in order to create and publish a new program. Proprietary licenses are generally program-specific and incompatible; authors must negotiate to combine code. Copyleft licenses are commonly deliberately incompatible with proprietary licenses, in order to prevent copyleft software from being re-licensed under a proprietary license, turning it into proprietary software. Many copyleft licenses explicitly allow relicensing under some other copyleft licenses. Permissive licenses are (with minor exceptions) compatible with everything, including proprietary licenses; there is thus no guarantee that all derived works will remain under a permissive license.
Macrosoma lamellifera
Macrosoma lamellifera is a moth-like butterfly in the family Hedylidae. It was described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1916. It is hypothesized to be closely related to Macrosoma rubedinaria and Macrosoma ustrinaria, and though these groups fall within the same clade, they do not form a monophyletic group.

Hedylidae
Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, formerly representing the superfamily Hedyloidea. They have traditionally been viewed as an extant sister group of the butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea, but a 2014 phylogenetic analysis has suggested Hedylidae is a subgroup of Papilionoidea, and not a sister group, and are more accurately referred to as butterflies rather than moths. They are represented by a single Neotropical genus, Macrosoma, with 35 currently recognized species.
The Gully (Atlantic)
The Gully is a large underwater canyon in the Atlantic Ocean near the edge of the eastern continental shelf of North America. It is located east of Nova Scotia near Sable Island.

The Gully is over 65 km long and 16 km wide and reaches depths of over 1 km. It is home to a resident population of northern bottlenose whales, purple sunstarfish and deep-sea coral. Other species of whales, dolphins, fish, squid and shrimp also live there.

In 2004, Canada designated The Gully a Marine Protected Area. Fisheries and Oceans Canada prohibit oil and gas exploration within this MPA.

Marine Protected Areas of Canada
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (French: zones de protection marine) are zones within Canadian waters where the marine environment receives a high level of environmental protection. Marine Protected Areas are governed by the Oceans Act of 1996 and administered by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The federal government of Canada has committed to protecting 25% of its oceans as Marine Protected Areas by the year 2025, and a further 5% (30% of the ocean area of the Exclusive Economic Zone) by 2030.
Herold, South Africa
Herold is a hamlet in George Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located at the northern end of Montagu Pass, halfway between George (city) and Oudtshoorn. Herold and Herolds Bay were both named for Tobias Johannes Herold, the Dutch Reformed minister at George from 1812 to 1823. The N9 national road runs to the north of the hamlet.

George, South Africa
George is a city in South Africa, and the second largest city in the Western Cape province. The city is a popular holiday and conference centre, as well as the administrative and commercial hub and the seat of the Garden Route District Municipality. It is named after the British Monarch George III.

The city is situated roughly halfway between Cape Town and Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) on the Garden Route. It is situated on a 10-kilometre plateau between the Outeniqua Mountains to the north and the Indian Ocean to the south. The former township of Pacaltsdorp, now a fully incorporated suburb, lies to the south.

George is well-known for being the burial place of former South African Prime Minister and President P. W. Botha.
HMS Mull of Galloway
HMS Mull of Galloway (F 26) was a Royal Navy Beachy Head-class repair ship built in 1944. It measured 441.5 ft (134.6 m) long, 57.5 ft (17.5 m) wide, and had a draft of 20.3 ft (6.2 m). The ship displaced 8,500 tons and could steam at 11 knots, and was armed with sixteen 20 mm guns.

Beachy Head-class repair ship
The Beachy Head-class repair ships were a class of 21 depot, maintenance and repair ships constructed for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. All of the ships in the class were constructed in Canada of which only five served in British waters during the war. Based on a modified mercantile design, five of the class were completed as merchant vessels after the war's end. Following the war, the majority were converted for mercantile use, with a further two ships ending up in service with the Royal Canadian Navy and another with the Royal Air Force.
Lorea Lyons
Lorea Lyons Andraka (born in Bilbao on 3 June 1996) is a Basque-English actress, filmmaker and film director.

As a filmmaker, she has been awarded the Caimán Critics' Award (2024) and the First Prize at the La Mirada Tabú Festival (2024), the Best Documentary Short Film of the Year Award at the China International New Media Short Film Festival (2025) and the Young Jury Award at the Eszena Festival (2025), among others, for her film productions.

Zinebi
The Bilbao International Festival of Documentary and Short Film, ZINEBI, is an international film festival that it is held annually in Bilbao since 1959. It is dedicated to documentary, animations and other short film forms.

It is the only Class-A international documentary festival recognised by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations (FIAPF) in Spain.

It has also been accredited by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as a qualifier for the Oscars and also it is a qualifier for the BAFTAs awarded by the British cinema industry and for the Goya Awards awarded by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

Organised by the Arriaga Theatre, the festival has currently institutional financing and sponsorship from Bilbao City Council.
Risk-seeking
In economics, finance, and psychology, '''risk-seeking''' (also called '''risk-loving''' or '''risk preference''') refers to a behavioral tendency to prefer uncertain options with potentially higher rewards over safer alternatives with lower expected value. In other words, risk-seeking individuals derive greater satisfaction or perceived utility from taking chances, even when the probable outcome may be less favorable. This is a big issue seen in stock trading, for example, in where people take the risk to either hold or sell their stocks depending on past market trends.

Within behavioral economics, risk-seeking is often compared with risk aversion and analyzed using expected utility theory and prospect theory. According to these models, individuals’ risk preferences vary depending on how potential outcomes are framed as gains or losses, as well as the psychological weighting of probabilities.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Haibargaon railway station
Haibargaon Railway Station is a railway station located in Nagaon district, Assam, India. It operates under the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) zone and falls within the Lumding railway division. The station code is HBN. Situated at an elevation of 68 meters above sea level, Haibargaon serves as a crucial node in the middle Assam.

Nagaon district
Nagaon district [nɔgaʊ zila] is an administrative district in the Indian state of Assam. At the time of the 2011 census it was the most populous district in Assam, before Hojai district was split from it in 2016.