hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Home guard
Home guard is a title given to colonial military organizations at various times, with the implication of an emergency or reserve force raised for local defense.

The term "home guard" was first officially used in the American Civil War, starting with units formed by German immigrants in Missouri, and may derive from possible historical use of the term Heimwehr ("home guard") to describe units officially known as Landwehr ("country guard"), or from an attempted translation of landwehr.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition
Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition or (M2/M3/M4 SLAM) is a small United States multi-purpose landmine produced by ATK Precision Fuze Company in Janesville, Wisconsin from 1992 to 2002.  It has a passive infrared sensor, and a magnetic influence sensor which allow it to be used as a demolition munition, off-route mine, or full-width belly attack mine.

Alliant Techsystems
Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) was an American aerospace and arms manufacturer headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia. The company operated across 22 states, Puerto Rico, and internationally. ATK revenue in fiscal year 2014 was about US$4.8 billion.

On April 29, 2014, ATK announced that it would spin off its Sporting Group and merge its Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences Corporation.

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create Vista Outdoor and the merger leading to the creation of Orbital ATK were completed on February 9, 2015. The companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015. Orbital ATK was bought by Northrop Grumman in 2018.
Formosa Air Battle
The Formosa Air Battle (Japanese: 台湾沖航空戦, lit. 'Battle of the Taiwan Sea', Chinese: 臺灣空戰), 12–16 October 1944, was a series of large-scale aerial engagements between carrier air groups of the United States Navy Fast Carrier Task Force (TF 38) and Japanese land-based air forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). The battle consisted of American air raids against Japanese military installations on Taiwan (then known to Westerners as Formosa) during the day and Japanese air attacks at night against American ships. Japanese losses exceeded 300 planes destroyed in the air, while American losses amounted to fewer than 100 aircraft destroyed and two cruisers damaged. This outcome effectively deprived the Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet of air cover for future operations, which proved decisive during the Battle of Leyte Gulf later in October.

USS Essex (CV-9)
USS Essex (CV/CVA/CVS-9) was an aircraft carrier and the lead ship of the 24-ship Essex class built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in December 1942, Essex participated in several campaigns in the Pacific Theater of Operations, earning the Presidential Unit Citation and 13 battle stars. Decommissioned shortly after the war, she was modernized and recommissioned in the early 1950s as an attack carrier (CVA), eventually becoming an antisubmarine aircraft carrier (CVS). In her second career, she served mainly in the Atlantic, playing a role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. She also participated in the Korean War, earning four battle stars and the Navy Unit Commendation. She was the primary recovery carrier for the Apollo 7 space mission.

She was decommissioned for the last time in 1969 and sold by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service for scrap on 1 June 1973.
Nick Bacon
Nicky Daniel Bacon (November 25, 1945 – July 17, 2010) was a United States Army first sergeant from the Americal Division who served during the Vietnam War. For his actions in combat in Tam Ky, Vietnam, Bacon was awarded America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor.

Surprise, Arizona
Surprise is a city in Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 143,148 at the 2020 census, up from 117,517 in 2010 and 30,848 in 2000.

Surprise is the spring training location of the Kansas City Royals and the Texas Rangers baseball teams.
1934 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1934 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, coached by Jock Sutherland, represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1934 college football season. The Panthers finished the regular season with eight wins and a single loss (to Minnesota at home) and were considered the champions of the East. According to a 1967 Sports Illustrated article, Parke H. Davis, whose selections for 1869 to 1933 (all made in 1933) are recognized as "major" in the official NCAA football records book, named Pitt as one of that season's national champions, along with Minnesota, six months after his death on June 5, 1934.  The article contained a "list of college football's mythical champions as selected by every recognized authority  [sic] since 1924," which has served as the basis of the university's historical national championship claims, with Davis being the only major selector for three of them, including the posthumous 1934 pick (post-1933 selections are not "major").

1934 Duquesne Dukes football team
The 1934 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Joe Bach, Duquesne compiled an 8–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 322 to 22. The team played its home games at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.

Fullback Art Strutt led the team, and ranked second in the East, with 18 touchdowns and 108 points scored.
Zyzzyzus floridanus
Zyzzyzus floridanus is a species of marine hydrozoan in the family Tubulariidae. The hydroids grow to 2.2-4.4 mm high, and its 8-15 oral tentacles are 0.15-0.28 mm long. It is a transparent white colour.

Tubulariidae
Tubulariidae is a family of hydroid cnidarians. For long placed in a presumed superfamily or infraorder Tubulariida of suborder Capitata, they are actually close relatives of the Hydridae and are now united with these and a number of relatives in a newly recognized suborder Aplanulata. Most if not all species in this family grow on stalks and resemble small flowers.

According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following genera are found in this family:

Bouillonia Petersen, 1990

Ectopleura

Hybocodon L.Agassiz, 1860

Lobataria Watson, 2008

Ralpharia Watson, 1980

Tubularia

Zyzzyzus
1929 Ryder Cup
The 2nd Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Moortown Golf Club in Leeds, England.  It was very cold, with hail and at one point heavy snow on the greens.  About two thousand spectators saw America gain a narrow lead after the foursome matches before the Great Britain team won singles on the final day and thus the competition by a score of 7–5 points. George Duncan of Scotland became the first of only three GB & Ireland captains to lift the Ryder Cup which was given to him by Samuel Ryder who was in attendance after missing the 1927 matches.

1927 Ryder Cup
The 1st Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The first competition was dominated by the United States who won by the then landslide score of 91⁄2–21⁄2 points. USA Captain Walter Hagen became the first winning captain to lift the Ryder Cup. Samuel Ryder, the competition's founder was unable to be present at Worcester Country Club for the inaugural event due to ill health at the time. Ted Ray was the first captain to represent the Great Britain team.
Alfa Romeo Brera and Spider
The Alfa Romeo Brera and the Alfa Romeo Spider (Type 939) are sports cars/grand tourers using the GM/Fiat Premium platform, manufactured by Pininfarina and marketed by Alfa Romeo as a 2+2 coupé and roadster respectively.

12,488 units of the Spider and 21,786 units of the Brera were made with production ending in late 2010 and inventory remaining into 2011.

The name 'Brera' appears to come from the Brera district of Milan, which is known for being an artistic area and is sometimes referred to as the 'Milanese Montmartre'.   Alfa Romeo was established in Milan in 1910.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Simon Hill (priest)
Simon James Hill (born 1964) has been Archdeacon of Taunton since 1 October 2016.

Hill was educated at the University of Sheffield and Ripon College Cuddesdon.  He was ordained deacon in 1995, and priest in 1996. After a curacy at St James the Great, Manston, he was Team Vicar at St Peter and St Paul, Dorchester. He was Director of the Berinsfield Programme at Cuddesdon from 1998 to 2003; Rector of St Andrew's Church, Backwell from  2003 to 2010; and Director of Clergy Development for the Diocese of Bath and Wells from then until his appointment as Archdeacon.

Archdeacon of Taunton
The Archdeacon of Taunton has been, since the twelfth century, the senior ecclesiastical officer in charge of the archdeaconry of Taunton in the Diocese of Bath and Wells (in the Church of England). The archdeaconry includes seven deaneries.
Kleppen, Norway
Kleppen is a borough within the town of Namsos in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north-northeast of town centre and borders the suburbs of Fossbrenna, Bjørum, Østbyen, Rønningåsen and Høknes. The area is named after the small farm of Kleppen, which then gave its name to the area.

Kleppen is home to the Høknes primary school. Kleppen sports club, established 1959, has two sports halls and football pitches, including Kleppen stadium, where Namsos IL play their home games. In a former shelter in the mountains is the swimming club "Oasen".

Namsos IL
Namsos Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Namsos,  Trøndelag. It was founded on 28 November 1904. It has sections for association football, alpine skiing, and ski jumping.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fifth Division, the sixth tier of Norwegian football.

The team played in the Second Division throughout most the 1990s, until 1999. The team had intermittent stints in the Third Division in 1995 and 1998, followed by a long Third Division spell from 2000 to 2011. Another stint followed from 2015 to 2016. The team played in the Fourth Division from 2017 to 2023.

The women's football team plays in the Fourth Division.
Cole Dasilva
Cole Perry Dasilva (born 11 May 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a full back for Southern League Premier Division Central club Bishop's Stortford.

Dasilva is a product of the Chelsea and Luton Town academies and began his professional career with Brentford in 2018. Following his release in 2020 and spell with Leicester City U23, Dasilva transferred to Croatian club HNK Šibenik in 2021. He returned to England in 2022 and entered non-League football. Born in England, Dasilva was capped by England and Wales at youth international level.

2023–24 Southern Football League
The 2023–24 Southern Football League season was the 121st in the history of the Southern League since its establishment in 1894. The league has two Premier divisions (Central and South) at Step 3 of the National League System (NLS) and two Division One divisions (Central and South) at Step 4. These correspond to levels 7 and 8 of the English football league system.

The allocations for Steps 3 and 4 this season were announced by The Football Association (FA) on 15 May 2023. There were to be 84 teams in the Southern League, 22 in each of the Step 3 divisions and 20 in each of the Step 4 divisions. However, Marlow successfully appealed against their transfer from the Isthmian League leaving an unfilled vacancy in Division One Central, which therefore comprised 19 teams instead of 20.
Juan Mbo Ondo
Juan Mbo Ondo (born 13 January 1991), sportingly known as Helguera, is an Equatoguinean footballer who plays as a centre-back. He was a member of the Equatorial Guinea national team.

He received his nickname as a tribute to former Real Madrid defender Iván Helguera.

Iván Helguera
Iván Helguera Bujía (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈβan elˈɣeɾa βuˈxi.a]; born 28 March 1975) is a Spanish former professional footballer.

Playing as either a central defender or defensive midfielder, with both good defensive and offensive skills, he represented five clubs during his professional career, notably Real Madrid – achieving team success as an important player – and Valencia. In his early 20s, he also had an unassuming abroad spell with Roma, going on to amass La Liga totals of 291 games and 21 goals over 11 seasons.

A Spanish international on nearly 50 occasions, Helguera represented the country at the 2002 World Cup and in two European Championships.
1986 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONMEBOL Group 2
The 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification CONMEBOL Group 2 was a CONMEBOL qualifying group for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. The group comprised Chile, Ecuador, and Uruguay.

The group was won by Uruguay, who qualified for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. Runners up were Chile, who entered the CONMEBOL play-off stage.

1986 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
Listed below are the dates and results for the 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the South American zone (CONMEBOL). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 10 CONMEBOL teams entered the competition. The South American zone was allocated 4 places (out of 24) in the final tournament.

South America's qualifying berths were taken by Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Paraguay.
Interpellation (philosophy)
Interpellation is a concept introduced to Marxist theory by Louis Althusser as the mechanism through which pre-existing social structures "constitute" (or construct) individual human organisms as subjects (with consciousness and agency). Althusser asked how people come voluntarily to live within class, gender, racial or other identities, and argued that this happens through "state apparatuses" (such as the family, mass media, schools, churches, the judicial system, police, government) continually telling individuals what they are from infancy. In this way, apparatuses maintain the social order. In Althusser's view, apparatuses call us (or ‘hail’ us, French interpeller) by labels, and we learn to respond to those labels. In this structuralist philosophy, social structures constitute subjects rather than individuals constituting their own subjectivity for themselves.

Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns that underlie all things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

Alternatively, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, structuralism is:

"The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract structure."
Daahoud
Daahoud is an album by Max Roach and Clifford Brown released on Mainstream Records in 1973 consisting of alternate takes of tracks recorded in 1954 for the albums Brown and Roach Incorporated and Clifford Brown & Max Roach.

Mainstream Records
Mainstream Records is an American record company and independent record label founded by producer Bob Shad in 1964.

Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, Ted Nugent & the Amboy Dukes first appeared on Mainstream.

In 1978, Mainstream ceased activities. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy Recordings in 1993 and purchased back by the Shad family in the early 2000s. The label is now run by Shad's granddaughter Mia Apatow, with the help of her brother Judd Apatow.
Garden city movement
The garden city movement was a 20th-century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City were built near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.

Condesa
Condesa or La Condesa is an area in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City, south of Zona Rosa and 4 to 5 km west of the Zócalo, the city's main square. It is immediately west of Colonia Roma, together with which it is designated as a "Barrio Mágico Turístico" ("Touristic Magic Neighborhood"). Together they are often referred to as Condesa–Roma, one of the most architecturally significant areas of the city and a bastion of the creative communities.

It consists of three colonias or officially recognized neighborhoods: Colonia Condesa, Colonia Hipódromo and Colonia Hipódromo Condesa. The area is considered to be fashionable and popular with younger businesspeople, students and pet lovers. It features a large number of international restaurants, bars and nightclubs.
29th Chernigov Infantry Regiment
The 31st Chernigov Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Russian Imperial Army.

In 1914, it was part of the 1st Brigade of the 15th Army Corps' 8th Infantry Division and was based in Warsaw. The regiment celebrated its feast day on 25 December.

During the Decembrist skebdi of 1825, the regiment took part in the Chernigov Regiment revolt.

Sergey Muravyov-Apostol
Sergey Ivanovich Muravyov-Apostol (Russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Муравьёв-Апо́стол) (9 October [O.S. 28 September] 1796 – 25 July [O.S. 13 July] 1826) was a Russian Imperial Lieutenant Colonel and one of the organizers of the Decembrist revolt.

He was one of five Decembrists executed for their roles in attempting to reform the Russian autocracy towards a constitutional form of government.
Coinsquare
Coinsquare is a Canadian cryptocurrency exchange company regulated by the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada.

In July 2023 Coinsquare closed a merger agreement with fellow Canadian crypto companies CoinSmart and WonderFi in a three way deal.

Cryptocurrency exchange
A cryptocurrency exchange, or a digital currency exchange (DCE), is a business that allows customers to trade cryptocurrencies or digital currencies for other assets, such as conventional fiat money or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers or other forms of payment in exchange for digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. A cryptocurrency exchange can be a market maker that typically takes the bid–ask spreads as a transaction commission for its service or, as a matching platform, simply charges fees.

Some brokerages which also focus on other assets such as stocks, let users purchase but not withdraw cryptocurrencies to cryptocurrency wallets while dedicated cryptocurrency exchanges do allow cryptocurrency withdrawals.
1997 Pacific Curling Championships
The 1997 Pacific Curling Championships were held from December 3 to 7 at the Karuizawa Kazakoshi Park Arena in Karuizawa, Japan.

Australia won the men's event over Japan (it was the seventh Pacific title for the Australian men). On the women's side, Japan defeated New Zealand in the final (it was the sixth Pacific title for the Japanese women).

By virtue of winning, the Australian men's team and the Japanese women's team qualified for the 1998 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.

Karuizawa, Nagano
Karuizawa (軽井沢町, Karuizawa-machi) is a resort town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2025, the town had an estimated population of 21,834 in 11,285 households, and a population density of 139 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 156.03 km2 (60.24 sq mi).

Originally, there was a stage station (shukuba) called Karuisawa-shuku on the Nakasendō. The Shin'etsu Line opened in 1888 and the town became popular as a Western-style hill station around that time.
Thomso (festival)
Thomso is the annual cultural fest of Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. Established in 1982, the festival is held over a span of three days at the end of October and the beginning of November. The 2018 edition consisted of over 150+ events and hosted 9000+ guest students from 200 colleges across India, in addition to more than 12,000 students from the hosting institution.

Cultural festival (India)
In India, a cultural festival, cultfest, culfest or college fest is an annual cultural event at a college or university organised by the student community, involving participants from other colleges as well. Professional performing artists are also typically invited, and a number of competitions are held for students. Fests are usually funded through sponsors, although some colleges have begun exploring the idea of crowdfunding.
Dale Cook
Dale Cook (born November 24, 1958; often billed as Dale "Apollo" Cook) is an American former kickboxer who competed in the middleweight, super middleweight, light heavyweight and cruiserweight divisions. With a background in Boxing and Taekwondo, Cook debuted professionally in 1977 and spent the early part of his career as a full contact rules fighter. In the 1980s, he began fighting under Oriental and Muay Thai rules and took two world titles under the WKA banner. A short stint in shoot boxing towards the end of his career in the mid-1990s resulted in another world title in that discipline.

An occasional actor, Cook also starred in several action-oriented B-movies in the early 1990s.

Cruiserweight (boxing)
Cruiserweight, also referred to as junior heavyweight, is a weight class in professional boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight. Before the advent of the current cruiserweight class, "light heavyweight" and "cruiserweight" were sometimes used interchangeably in the United Kingdom.