hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Market foreclosure
Market foreclosure or vertical foreclosure, is the production limitation put on a producing organisation if either it is denied access to a supplier (upstream foreclosure), or it is denied access to a downstream buyer (downstream foreclosure). A supplier or intermediary in a supply chain could acquire this form of market power against competitors through means of mergers and acquisitions. This amalgamation of suppliers and customers demonstrates vertical integration along a value chain with various strategic and efficiency benefits including elimination of successive monopoly markups and lowering transaction costs.

Barriers to entry
In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a fixed cost that must be incurred by a new entrant, regardless of production or sales activities, into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.
Because barriers to entry protect incumbent firms and restrict competition in a market, they can contribute to distortionary prices and are therefore most important when discussing antitrust policy. Barriers to entry often cause or aid the existence of monopolies and oligopolies, or give companies market power.
Barriers of entry also have an importance in industries. First of all it is important to identify that some exist naturally, such as brand loyalty.
Governments can also create barriers to entry to meet consumer protection laws, protecting the public. In other cases it can also be due to inherent scarcity of public resources needed to enter a market.
Project stakeholder
Project stakeholders are persons or entities who have an interest in a specific project. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), the term project stakeholder refers to "an individual, group, or organization, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio.: Section 3. Definitions  ISO 21500 uses a similar definition.

Program management
Program management deals with overseeing a group or several projects that align with a company’s organizational strategy, goals, and mission. These projects, are intended to improve an organization's performance. Program management is distinct from project management.

Many programs focus on delivering a capability to change and are normally designed to deliver the organization's strategy or business transformation. Program management also emphasizes the coordinating and prioritizing of resources across projects, managing links between the projects and the overall costs and risks of the program.
Matt Vesely
Matthew Vesely is an Australian filmmaker, best known for his 2022 feature film Monolith. His other work includes the web series Wastelander Panda (2013) and the short films My Best Friend Is Stuck on the Ceiling (2015) and System Error (2020). He works as development manager at Closer Productions.

Sydney Film Festival
The Sydney Film Festival is an annual competitive film festival held in Sydney, Australia, usually over 12 days in June. A number of awards are given, the top one being the Sydney Film Prize.

As of 2023, the festival's director is Nashen Moodley.
Akoko language
North Akoko, usually abbreviated as Akoko and also known as Arigidi, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It is a branch of the YEAI ("Yoruba–Edo–Akoko–Igbo") (YEAI) group of the Niger–Congo languages. It is spoken in the Akoko Edo, and the LGAs of Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Ekiti East, and Ijumu (Ethnologue).

Volta–Niger languages
The Volta–Niger family of languages, also known as West Benue–Congo or East Kwa, is one of the branches of the Niger–Congo language family, with perhaps 70 million speakers. Among these are the most important languages of southern Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and southeast Ghana: Yoruba, Igbo, Bini, and Gbe.

These languages have variously been placed within the Kwa or Benue–Congo families or, starting in the 1970s, combined with them altogether. Williamson & Blench (2000) separate the languages here called Volta-Niger from the others. Güldemann (2018) fails to see clear criteria for dividing the languages into two or three families and maintains the broad grouping and name of Benue-Kwa for all them.
Silver Lake station
Silver Lake station is a surface-level light rail station operated by New Jersey Transit in Belleville, New Jersey. The station is the only one in Belleville, operating along the Grove Street–Newark Penn Station line of the Newark Light Rail. The station contains two low-level platforms that are off-centered. The Newark-bound platform is accessible from Franklin Street (County Route 607) and nearby Heckel Street while the Grove Street-bound platform is accessible from nearby Belmont Avenue.

The current light rail station opened on June 22, 2002, as part of an extension of the Newark City Subway from nearby Branch Brook Park station to Grove Street in Bloomfield. The station uses former tracks of the former Erie Railroad Orange Branch, which went from nearby Forest Hill in Newark to West Orange. Service on this line ended on June 20, 1955. Silver Lake boasted a full wooden station depot with a built-in railroad tower.

Newark Penn Station
Newark Penn Station is an intermodal passenger station in Newark, New Jersey. One of the New York metropolitan area's major transportation hubs, Newark Penn Station is served by multiple rail and bus carriers, making it the seventh busiest rail station in the United States, and the fourth busiest in the New York City metropolitan area.

Located at Raymond Plaza between Market Street and Raymond Boulevard, the station is served by three NJ Transit commuter rail lines, the Newark Light Rail, the PATH rapid transit system, and all 10 of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services, including the Acela. The station is also Newark's main intercity bus terminal; it is served by carriers Greyhound, Bolt, and Fullington Trailways. Additionally, it is served by 33 local and regional bus lines operated by NJ Transit Bus Operations.
Mosna (Majdanpek)
Mosna (Serbian Cyrillic: Мосна) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Majdanpek municipality, in the Bor District. The nearest town is Donji Milanovac. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 787 people (2002 census).

Donji Milanovac
Donji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Милановац, pronounced [dɔ̂ːɲiː mǐlanɔvats]) is a town in eastern Serbia. It is situated in the Majdanpek municipality, in the Bor District. It is located on the right bank of Lake Đerdap on the Danube. The population of the town is 2,410 people (2011 census). Its name means "Lower Milanovac" (there is an Upper Milanovac, as well).

The management office of Đerdap national park is located in the town.

It has been nicknamed a "town of 100,000 roses".
Adam Wójcik
Adam Wójcik (20 April 1970 – 26 August 2017) was a Polish professional basketball player. He was known as one of the all-time greats in Polish basketball. He is the second all-time leading scorer of the Polish Basketball League, since the year 1976, with 10,097 points scored.

Polish Basketball Cup
The Polish Basketball Cup (Polish: Puchar Polski w koszykówce mężczyzn) is the annual top-tier level national domestic basketball cup competition for clubs in Poland. It is managed and organised by the Polish Basketball League (PLK). The competition was founded in 1933. Śląsk Wrocław has won the most titles, with 14 trophies.
Vernon W. Thomson
Vernon Wallace Thomson (November 5, 1905 – April 2, 1988) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Richland County, Wisconsin.  He served seven terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district from 1961 through 1974.  Before his election to Congress, he served as the 34th governor of Wisconsin (1957–1959), 32nd attorney general of Wisconsin (1951–1957), and 56th speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1939–1945).  He was also mayor of Richland Center, Wisconsin

Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly
The Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly is the presiding officer of the Wisconsin State Assembly, the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature.  Article IV of the Constitution of Wisconsin, ratified in 1848, establishes the legislature and specifies the election of officers.  The role and responsibilities of the speaker are defined in the Assembly Rules, originally in Rule 1, and also, under the present rules, Rule 3.
Langatabiki
Langatabiki (Dutch: Langatabbetje) is a Paramacca village in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. Langatabiki is the residence of the granman of the Paramaccan people. Langatabiki is located in the Pamacca resort which was created on 11 September 2019 out of Tapanahony.

Since 1879, a group of about 90 Maroon created a settlement on an island in the Marowijne River near the mouth of the Paramacca Creek. The town was named Langatabiki (Long Island). The granman at the time of the founding was called Apensa.

Tapanahony
Tapanahoni is a resort in Suriname, located in the Sipaliwini District.  Its population at the 2012 census was 13,808. Tapanahoni is a part of Sipaliwini which has no capital, but is directly governed from Paramaribo. Tapanahony is an enormous resort which encompasses a quarter of the country of Suriname. The most important town is Diitabiki (old name: Drietabbetje) which is the residence of the granman of the Ndyuka people since 1950, and the location of the oracle.

The disputed area of south-east Suriname between the Malani (the eastern tributary river) and the Litani rivers belongs to the Tapanahoni resort.
Coenagriocnemis
Coenagriocnemis is a genus of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. The whole genus is  endemic to the Mascarene Islands.

The genus contains the following species:

Coenagriocnemis insulare (Selys, 1872)

Coenagriocnemis ramburi Fraser, 1950

Coenagriocnemis reuniense (Fraser, 1957)

Coenagriocnemis rufipes (Rambur, 1842)

Coenagrionidae
Coenagrionidae is a family of damselflies, also known as pond damselflies, in the order Odonata and the suborder Zygoptera. The Zygoptera are the damselflies, which although less known than the dragonflies, are no less common. More than 1,300 species are in this family, making it the largest damselfly family. The family Coenagrionidae has six subfamilies: Agriocnemidinae, Argiinae, Coenagrioninae, Ischnurinae, Leptobasinae, and Pseudagrioninae.

This family is referred to as the narrow-winged damselflies or the pond damselflies. The Coenagrionidae enjoy a worldwide distribution, and are among the most common of damselfly families. This family has the smallest of damselfly species. More than 110 genera of the family Coenagrionidae are currently accepted.
Outline of Mars
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars:

Mars – fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.

Orbit of Mars
Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934.  The planet orbits the Sun in 687 days  and travels 9.55 AU in doing so, making the average orbital speed 24 km/s.

The eccentricity is greater than that of any other planet except Mercury, and this causes a large difference between the aphelion and perihelion distances—they are respectively 1.666 and 1.381 AU.
SCAD Atlanta Bees
The Savannah College of Art and Design Atlanta Bees (or SCAD Atlanta Bees) are the athletic teams that represent the Atlanta campus of the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD Atlanta), located in Atlanta, Georgia, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) since the 2012–13 academic year; after spending two seasons as an NAIA Independent within the Association of Independent Institutions (AII) from 2010–11 (when the school began intercollegiate athletics and joined the NAIA) to 2011–12.

As a college of Art and Design, the school offers a sports lineup unlike most colleges. It is one of the few colleges in the United States to offer a competitive equestrian program, which is offered on the Savannah campus, as a SCAD Savannah Bees athletic team. and is unlikely to ever compete in some of the typical college sports, such as basketball or football.

Savannah College of Art and Design
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a private art school with locations in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and Lacoste, France. It was founded in 1978 to provide degrees in programs not then offered in the southeast United States and to create a specialized professional art college to attract students from throughout the United States and abroad. The university enrolls more than 17,000 students from across the United States and around the world with international students comprising up to 25.4 percent of the student population. SCAD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and other professional accrediting bodies.
2022 United States Senate election in Utah
The 2022 United States Senate election in Utah was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Utah. Incumbent senator Mike Lee, who was first elected in 2010, won re-election to a third term, defeating Evan McMullin, an independent candidate who was endorsed by the Utah Democratic Party.

This was the first Senate election in Utah's history in which there was no Democratic nominee. Lee's performance was the worst for a Republican in a Utah U.S. Senate election since 1974, while McMullin's was the best ever for an independent in a Utah U.S. Senate race and the best for a non-Republican since 1976. This was the first Senate election since 1974 that Salt Lake County did not vote Republican.

1976 United States Senate election in Utah
The 1976 United States Senate election in Utah took place on November 2, 1976. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Frank Moss ran for re-election to a fourth term but was defeated by his Republican opponent Orrin Hatch. This is the last time a Senator from Utah lost re-election.

Hatch eventually became the longest-serving Republican Senator, having been elected for seven terms before retiring during the 2018 election. This record was later overtaken by Chuck Grassley of Iowa in 2022.
Tokmac Nguen
Tokmac Chol Nguen (South Sudanese Nuer pronunciation: [nwen]; born 20 October 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Saudi Pro League side Al-Okhdood. Born a South Sudanese refugee in Kenya, he plays for the Norway national team.

2022–23 Nemzeti Bajnokság I
The 2022–23 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (also known as 2022–23 OTP Bank Liga), also known as NB I, was the 124th season of top-tier football in Hungary. The league was officially named OTP Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons. Ferencváros were the defending champions.  As the 2022 FIFA World Cup started on 20 November, the last round before stoppage was held on 12–13 November. The league resumed games on 28 January.
Exallosperma
Exallosperma longiflora is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to Madagascar. It is the sole species in genus Exallosperma.

Exallosperma longiflora is a shrub which grows up to 5 meters tall. It flowers in January and February, and fruits in April. It is known only from the northern tip of Madagascar in Sava and Diana regions. It grows in lowland dry deciduous and semi-deciduous forest on limestone, from sea level to 450 meters elevation.

The genus is distinguished within tribe Pavetteae by pollen with psilate tectum, and by fruit with two stony pyrenes. Each pyrene contains a laterally flattened ovoid seed with irregularly distributed surface ridges. The ridges are formed by elongation of the outer layer (exotesta) cells.

Pavetteae
Pavetteae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 624 species in 9 genera. Its representatives are found from the tropics and subtropics of the Old World and the southern Pacific region.
GSU Tiger Marching Band
GSU Tiger Marching Band, also known as the Tiger Marching Band is Grambling State University's marching band. It is often billed as the "World Famed Tiger Marching Band". Ralph Waldo Emerson Jones founded the band in 1926.

Grambling State University
Grambling State University (GSU, Grambling, or Grambling State) is a public historically black university in Grambling, Louisiana, United States. Grambling State is home of the Eddie G. Robinson Museum and is listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. Grambling State is a member-school of the University of Louisiana System and Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Grambling State's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and are known as the Grambling State Tigers. Grambling State is a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Maltese passport
The Maltese passport (Maltese: passaport Malti) is a passport that is issued to citizens of Malta. Every Maltese citizen is also a Commonwealth citizen and citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card, allows for free rights of movement and residence in all member states of the European Economic Area, as well as Switzerland.

Government of Malta
The Government of Malta (Maltese: Gvern ta' Malta) is the executive branch of the Republic of Malta. It is made up of the Cabinet and the Parliamentary Secretaries. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Malta, with the President making their decision based on the situation within the Maltese parliament. The Prime Minister is responsible for assigning departments of government to Permanent Secretaries. The President of Malta also appoints the rest of the cabinet with the assent of the Prime Minister of Malta.
Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua
The United Fiji Party (Fijian: Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua, pronounced [soŋ.ɡo.soŋ.ɡo ndu.a.βa.ta ni le.ɰe.ni.βa.nu.a], SDL) was a political party in Fiji. It was founded in 2001 by Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase as a power base; it absorbed most of the Christian Democratic Alliance and other conservative groups, and its endorsement by the Great Council of Chiefs (Bose Levu Vakaturaga) caused it to be widely seen as the successor to the Alliance Party, the former ruling party that had dominated Fijian politics from the 1960s to the 1980s.  It drew its support mainly from indigenous Fijiians.

The party was led in Parliament by Prime Minister Qarase.  The party organization was headed up by Ratu Kalokalo Loki as President and by Jale Baba as General Secretary (later termed National Director) until early 2006, when he was transferred at the beginning of 2006 to managing the campaign for the 2006 General Election.  Peceli Kinivuwai took over as National Director.

Alliance Party (Fiji)
The Alliance Party, was the ruling political party in Fiji from 1966 to 1987.  Founded in the early 1960s, its leader was Kamisese Mara, the founding father of the modern Fijian nation.  Widely seen as the political vehicle of the traditional Fijian chiefs, the Alliance Party also commanded considerable support among the Europeans and other ethnic minorities, who, although comprising only 3–4% of Fiji's population, were over represented in the parliament (with a third of the seats before 1973, and a sixth thereafter, allocated to them).  Indo-Fijians were less supportive, but the Fijian-European block vote kept the Alliance Party in power for more than twenty years.
Embassy of the United States, Manila
The Embassy of the United States of America in Manila is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the Philippines. Its chancery is situated by Roxas Boulevard in Ermita, City of Manila.  The Embassy has been representing the United States Government since the Philippines was granted independence on July 4, 1946.

The Manila mission is one of the US Department of State's largest posts, employing close to 300 Americans and 1,000 Foreign Service national employees.  The mission also hosts the only foreign office of the Department of Veterans Affairs, which caters to some 18,000 American and Filipino veterans and their widows in the Philippines.

Manila's Regional Printing Center provides printing and distribution services for overseas and domestic publications.  Smaller branches exist in Vienna, Austria and Washington, D.C., but Manila is the flagship facility.

Treaty of Manila (1946)
The Treaty of Manila of 1946, formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It relinquished U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines. The treaty was signed by High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt as representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas as representative of the Philippines.

It was signed by US President Harry Truman on August 14, 1946, after the U.S. Senate gave its advice and consent on July 31, 1946, by ratification of the treaty. It was ratified by the Philippines on September 30, 1946. The treaty entered into force on October 22, 1946, when ratifications were exchanged. The treaty was accompanied by a "provisional agreement concerning friendly relations and diplomatic and consular representation" (60 Stat. 1800, TIAS 1539, 6 UNTS 335) until the treaty was ratified.
Congenital muscular dystrophy
Congenital muscular dystrophies are autosomal recessively-inherited muscle diseases. They are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by muscle weakness which is present at birth and the different changes on muscle biopsy that ranges from myopathic to overtly dystrophic due to the age at which the biopsy takes place.

Fukutin
Fukutin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FKTN gene.  It is necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histogenesis, and normal ocular development. In humans this protein is encoded by the FCMD gene (also named FKTN), located on chromosome9q31. The FKTN gene encodes a type II transmembrane protein that is central to the Golgi apparatus through an N- terminal signal anchor. Fukutin is a crucial enzyme involved in modifying proteins, particularly alpha- dystroglycan, which links the cell's internal structure to the outside matrix, vital for muscle and brain health. It is suggested that Fukutin may be located in the extracellular matrix, where it interacts with a large complex encompassing both the inside and outside of muscle membranes.