hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carlism in literature
On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the siege of Bilbao during the Third Carlist War, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled La última guerra carlista como materia poética. It was probably the first-ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel. However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin. It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature. Afterward, it lost its appeal as a literary motive, still later reduced to instrumental role during Francoism. Today it enjoys some popularity, though no longer as catalyst of paramount cultural or political discourse; its role is mostly to provide exotic, historical, romantic, and sometimes mysterious setting.

Ramón Cabrera, 1st Duke of Maestrazgo
Ramón Cabrera y Griñó, 1st Marquis of Ter, 1st Count of Morella (27 December 1806 – 24 May 1877) was a Carlist general of Catalonia. He renounced the combined and Spanish grandee title of 1st Duke of Maestrazgo with its annual stipend in favour of the less fortunate and kept instead both the Borbón recognised Carlist count and the subsequent Borbón marquis nobility titles.
Joe Young (dual player)
Joseph Young (15 November 1933 – 6 May 2023) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with St. Vincent's and An Chéad Cath, and also lined out as a dual player at inter-county level with various Dublin and Galway teams.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
Bakwa Dishi tribe
The Bakwa Dishi is a people belonging to the Luba ethnic group living today in the Kasai-Oriental Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Miabi, the Dishi Capital, is located 16 miles (26 km) West of Mbuji-Mayi. The territory of the Bakwa Dishi lies on approximately 1,900 square miles (4,900 km2), which is known as the Miabi territory.

They speak Tshiluba in spite of their history with the Lunda Empire, and their dialect is considered the oldest and purest among the Luba-Kasai.

Luba-Kasai language
Luba-Kasai, also known as Cilubà or Tshilubà, Luba-Lulua, is a Bantu language (Zone L) of Central Africa and a national language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, alongside Lingala, Swahili, and Kikongo ya leta.

An eastern dialect is spoken by the Luba people of the East Kasai Region and a western dialect by the Lulua people of the West Kasai Region. The total number of speakers was estimated at 6.3 million in 1991.

Within the Zone L Bantu languages, Luba-Kasai is one of a group of languages which form the "Luba" group, together with Kaonde (L40), Kete (L20), Kanyok, Luba-Katanga (KiLuba), Sanga, Zela and Bangubangu.
The L20, L30 and L60 languages are also grouped as the Luban languages within Zone L Bantu.
Form 5472
Form 5472, officially titled the Information Return of a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation or a Foreign Corporation Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business, is an IRS tax form used by foreign-owned United States companies or foreign companies engaged in a United States Trade or Business to report ownership information and related-party transactions between the company and foreign related parties.

Disregarded entity
Under U.S. tax law, a disregarded entity is an entity which is ignored for the purposes of taxation. Common examples of disregarded entities include single-member LLCs, qualified subchapter S subsidiaries and grantor trusts.
Nicki Bille Nielsen
Nicki Niels Bille Nielsen (born 7 February 1988) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He has played for various Danish national youth teams, including 17 games and 8 goals for the Denmark national under-21 football team.

Danish Football Association
The Danish Football Association (Danish: Dansk Boldspil-Union; abbr. DBU) is the governing body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues, alongside the men's and women's national teams. Based in the city of Brøndby, it is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.
Valapattanam railway station
Valapattanam railway station (station code: VAPM) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station in Kannur district, Kerala and falls under the Palakkad railway division of the Southern Railway zone, Indian Railways.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Ko Tin-lung
Ko Tin-lung (1954 – 23 June 2022) was a Hong Kong actor, director and playwright. He became the first Chinese artistic director for Chung Ying Theatre Company.

Over his career of nearly four decades, he helped produce hundreds of plays, most notably One of the Lucky Ones (1990), I Have a Date With Spring (1992) and The Mad Phoenix (1993). He won four Hong Kong Drama Awards in the categories Best Actor and Best Director. He died in June 2022 in his sleep at the age of 69.

Raymond To
This is a Chinese name; the family name is To.

Raymond To Kwok-Wai (Chinese: 杜國威) (born 13 August 1946) is a Hong Kong contemporary dramatist, screenwriter and film director, with ancestry from Panyu, Guangzhou, China. 
Raymond's broadcast script was once broadcast in New York by Chung Wah Commercial Broadcast. He has created more than 60 stage plays, including "Born in Hong Kong", "Boundless Movement", "Dark Tales", "Fuso passing", "I Have a Date with Spring", "Mad Phoenix", "Walled City", "Love Avalokitesvara "," Miss Du ", " Forever"," Adventure, "," Broadcasting Lovers "and" Sentimental Journey "etc.
Among those works, "I am a Hong Konger" was tour performed in Europe. 
In addition, Raymond has written "Under the Roof", "Below the Lion Rock" and other popular series for RTHK.
Raymond is not only a prolific and exhaustive screenwriter. Besides, he is the composer and lyrics writer for the scripts, such as "Sentimental Journey", "In love with Sister Liu", etc.
1971–72 WFA Cup
The 1971–72 WFA Cup was an association football knockout tournament for women's teams, held between 10 October 1971 and 7 May 1972. It was the 2nd season of the WFA Cup and was won by Southampton, who defeated Lee's in the final.

The tournament consisted of seven rounds of competition proper.

All match results and dates from the Women's FA Cup Website.

1972 WFA Cup final
The 1972 WFA Cup Final was the second final of the WFA Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. The showpiece event was played under the auspices of the Women's Football Association (WFA). The final was a replay of the 1971 final, as Southampton and Lee's (formerly Stewarton Thistle) and was contested at Eton Park, the former home stadium of Burton Albion. Southampton won the match 3–2.
Théâtre d'Orléans
The Théâtre d'Orléans (English: Orleans Theatre) was the most important opera house in New Orleans in the first half of the 19th century. The company performed in French and gave the American premieres of many French operas. It was located on Orleans Street between Royal and Bourbon. The plans for the theatre were drawn up by Louis Tabary, a refugee from the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Construction began in 1806, but the opening was delayed until October 1815 (after the War of 1812). After a fire, it was rebuilt (with the adjacent Orleans Ballroom) and reopened in 1819, led by another émigré from Saint-Domingue, John Davis. Davis became one of the major figures in French theatre in New Orleans. The theatre was destroyed by fire in 1866, but the ballroom is still used.

Royal Street, New Orleans
Royal Street (French: Rue Royale; Spanish: Calle Real) is a street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. It is one of the original streets of the city, dating from the early 18th century, and is known today for its antique shops, art galleries, and hotels.
Omar Hussein
Omar Hussein (Arabic: عمر حسين; born May 21, 1986) is a content creator and media and communications consultant. Since 2010, he has accumulated over 100 million views across multiple platforms. Hussein has hosted TV talk shows on major Arab networks OSN and MBC and is an inaugural member of YouTube's Creators for Change, an initiative seeking to spotlight creators around the world who use their platforms to promote social causes. Hussein has also worked alongside the UNHCR to tackle empathy fatigue towards refugees in the Middle East. He is currently a Ph.D. student of Media and Communications at Temple University, researching the efficacy of online influencers to attract donors to non-profit organizations.

Uturn Entertainment
UTURN Entertainment  is an online entertainment network providing Arabic video content.

UTURN was established in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, as a digital production company in 2010. It started by producing original YouTube shows (Eysh Elly, 3al6ayer, Noon Alniswa, Ana W Heya, Aldor Al3asher). After the first batch of shows, UTURN started to create and aggregate online video content, targeting Arab audiences worldwide, especially from Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, and Bahrain. The Financial Times named UTURN the largest MCN (multi-channel network) in the region.

Kaswara Alkhatib the CEO of UTURN was ranked #1 in the Forbes Middle East list of Entrepreneurs Shaping Saudi Arabia's Future in 2015.
Last Hope (manga)
Last Hope is an original English-language manga series written by Michael Dignan, illustrated by Kriss Sison and published by Seven Seas Entertainment. Two volumes were published between 2005 and 2006. A third was planned but never released.

Original English-language manga
An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English. The term "international manga", as used by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, encompasses all foreign comics which draw inspiration from the "form of presentation and expression" found in Japanese manga. This may also apply to manga-inspired comics made in other languages.
Ian Brodie
Ian Ross Brodie (born July 25, 1967) is a Canadian political scientist and was Chief of Staff in Stephen Harper's Prime Minister's Office from Harper's ascension to the position of prime minister until July 1, 2008. The news that he was leaving the post came days before the release of a report on the Clinton/Obama NAFTA leak controversy. He is currently a professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary.

Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Canada)
The chief of staff to the prime minister, sometimes referred to as the PMO Chief of Staff, is the most senior political advisor to the prime minister of Canada, the formal executive head of the political appointees employed in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), and the leader of the broader group of politically appointed ministerial aide across the ministry in power (the exempted staff in federal government jargon). Marc-André Blanchard has been the Chief of Staff since July 2025.

The current title was formally instituted and conferred to the inaugural holder Derek Burney in March 1987, and has been in continual use since. In the two decades preceding  1987, the ranking political aide to the prime minister held the title principal secretary to the prime minister. The title remained in use as has been conferred from time to time to the second ranking advisor.
Tasque (software)
Tasque is an unmaintained open source task management application, part of the GNOME community. Its name was partially inspired by the French village by the same spelling. "Tasque" in French is pronounced the same as the word "task" is in English. It is released under the MIT License.

As of 2018, Tasque is listed as an inactive, archived project.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
Sangarius Bridge
The Sangarius Bridge or Bridge of Justinian (Turkish: Justinianos Köprüsü or Beşköprü) is a late Roman bridge over the river Sakarya (Latin: Sangarius, Greek Σαγγάριος) in Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. It was built by the East Roman Emperor Justinian I (527–565 AD) to improve communications between the capital Constantinople and the eastern provinces of his empire. With a remarkable length of 430 m, the bridge was mentioned by several contemporary writers, and has been associated with a supposed project, first proposed by Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan, to construct a navigable canal that would bypass the Bosporus.

Praetorian prefecture of the East
The praetorian prefecture of the East, or of the Orient (Latin: praefectura praetorio Orientis, Greek: ἐπαρχότης/ὑπαρχία τῶν πραιτωρίων τῆς ἀνατολῆς) was one of four large praetorian prefectures into which the Late Roman Empire was divided. As it comprised the larger part of the Eastern Roman Empire, and its seat was at Constantinople, the praetorian prefect was the second most powerful man in the East, after the Emperor, in essence serving as his first minister.
Calai
Calai is a town and municipality in Cubango Province in Angola.

The municipality has an area of 7,900 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) and a population of 22,654 (2014). It is bordered to the north by the municipality of Mavengue, to the east by the municipality of Dirico, to the south by the Republic of Namibia, and to the west by the municipality of Cuangar. The municipality of Calai was previously constituted by the communes of Calai, Maué and Mavengue, but as of Angola's 2024 administrative reforms, the communes of Maué and Mavengue have been incorporated into the new municipality of Mavengue, and Calai no longer has any subordinate communes.

Dirico
Dirico  is a municipality in Cuando Province in Angola. The municipality was estimated to have had a population of 19,191 in 2020. The municipality is subdivided into the communes of Dirico and Xamavera.

Dirico is served by Dirico Airport. It lies on the Cuito River near its confluence with the Cubango River.
Martin Braithwaite
Martin Christensen Braithwaite (/ˈbræθweɪt/; born 5 June 1991) is a Danish professional footballer who plays for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Grêmio and the Denmark national team. He plays mainly as a striker, but he can also play as a winger.

Having begun his career at Esbjerg fB, he went on to play for Toulouse and Bordeaux in Ligue 1, and Leganés, Barcelona and Espanyol of La Liga. He also spent two years in England with Middlesbrough.

Braithwaite made his senior international debut for Denmark in 2013 and has earned over 60 caps. He was part of their squads at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2020 and 2022 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the 2020 tournament.

2023–24 Segunda División
The 2023–24 La Liga 2, also known as LALIGA HYPERMOTION due to sponsorship reasons, was the 93rd season of the Segunda División since its establishment in Spain. It commenced on 11 August 2023 and ended on 23 June 2024.
Tosari
Tosari (Indonesian pronunciation: [t̪oˈsari]) is a village in the Tengger Mountains of East Java, Indonesia. It is near Pasuruan and is on a route to nearby Mount Bromo. The Tosari Sanitorium was advertised in a 1919 brochure.

Pasuruan
Pasuruan (Dutch: Pasoeroean) is a city in East Java Province of Java, Indonesia. It had a population of 186,262 at the 2010 Census and 208,006 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 213,469 (comprising 106,811 males and 106,658 females).

It is surrounded on the landward side by, but is administratively separate from, Pasuruan Regency. On the north side it faces onto the Madura Strait. It is located around 65 kilometres southeast of Surabaya, the provincial capital.
Noisy-channel coding theorem
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit), establishes that for any given degree of noise contamination of a communication channel, it is possible (in theory) to communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel.  This result was presented by Claude Shannon in 1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley.

The Shannon limit or Shannon capacity of a communication channel refers to the maximum rate of error-free data that can theoretically be transferred over the channel if the link is subject to random data transmission errors, for a particular noise level.  It was first described by Shannon (1948), and shortly after published in a book by Shannon and Warren Weaver entitled The Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949). This founded the modern discipline of information theory.

Fano's inequality
In information theory, Fano's inequality (also known as the Fano converse and the Fano lemma) relates the average information lost in a noisy channel to the probability of the categorization error.  It was derived by Robert Fano in the early 1950s while teaching a Ph.D. seminar in information theory at MIT, and later recorded in his 1961 textbook.

It is used to find a lower bound on the error probability of any decoder as well as the lower bounds for minimax risks in density estimation.

Let the discrete random variables  and  represent input and output messages with a joint probability . Let  represent an occurrence of error; i.e., that , with  being an approximate version of . Fano's inequality is

where  denotes the support of ,  denotes the cardinality of (number of elements in) ,

is the conditional entropy,

is the probability of the communication error, and

is the corresponding binary entropy.
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre individual medley
The women's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 21 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Whitney Myers of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The eleventh edition of the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, also known as the 2010 Mutual of Omaha Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, a long course (50 m) event, was held in Irvine, California, United States, from August 18–22.
Gmina Dzierzgowo
Gmina Dzierzgowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dzierzgowo, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Mława and 108 km (67 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 150.63 square kilometres (58.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,405 (3,301 in 2013).

Mława County
Mława County (Polish: powiat mławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Mława, which lies 109 kilometres (68 mi) north-west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 72,906, out of which the population of Mława is 31,241, and the rural population is 41,665.
Erik Tønseth
Erik Tønseth (7 August 1946 – 12 December 2022) was a Norwegian jurist and industrialist.

Tønseth was born in Drøbak and held the cand.jur. degree. He headed the agricultural branch of Norsk Hydro from 1979. He was CEO of Kværner Industrier from 1989 to 1998. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

Tønseth died in Oslo on 12 December 2022, at the age of 76.

Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.

The academy was founded in Trondheim in 1955. the academy has about 290 fellows under the age of 65 and a total of 730 members. King Harald is the academy's high protector, in recognition of the academy's importance to society.

It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).

NTVA is one of four learned societies in Norway. The others are Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
Zone 90, Qatar
Zone 90 is a zone of the municipality of Al Wakrah in the state of Qatar. The main district recorded in the 2015 population census was the municipal seat, Al Wakrah City.

Other districts which fall within its administrative boundaries are the Al Wakrah Industrial Area and Umm Al Houl.

Al Wakrah (municipality)
Al Wakrah Municipality (Arabic: بلدية الوكرة, romanized: Baladīyat al-Wakrah, also spelled Al Wakra Municipality) is a municipality of Qatar bordered by the municipalities of Doha and Al Rayyan. The municipal seat is Al Wakrah city.