hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alastair Norris
Sir Alastair Hubert Norris (born 17 December 1950), styled The Hon. Mr Justice Norris, is a judge of the High Court of England and Wales.

He was educated at Pate's Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge.

He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1973. He has been a judge of the High Court of Justice (Chancery Division) since 2007.  In 2018 he was knighted and granted a coat of arms by letters patent.

Pate's Grammar School
Pate's Grammar School is a grammar school with academy status in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. It caters for pupils aged 11 to 18. The school was founded with a fund bestowed to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, by Richard Pate in 1574. The school became co-educational in 1986, when Pate's Grammar School for Girls merged with Cheltenham Grammar School.

Pate's has been awarded 'State Secondary School of the Year' twice by The Sunday Times in their Good Schools Guide in 2012 and 2020. In 2013, and again in 2024, the school was given an Outstanding judgement by Ofsted.
KFCO
KFCO (107.1 FM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a Christian hip hop format, licensed to Bennett, Colorado, and serving the Denver metropolitan area. It is owned by Pillar of Fire International with its radio studios and offices on Parker Road in Aurora.

KFCO has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 97,000 watts. Its transmitter is on Deter-Winters Road in Byers in rural Adams County, about 40 miles east of Denver. A booster station, powered at 20,000 watts, is located in Aurora, also broadcasting at 107.1 MHz.

KQKS
KQKS  (107.5 FM,  KS107.5) is a rhythmic hot AC radio station, licensed to Lakewood, Colorado.  It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and serves the Denver-Boulder metropolitan area.

Its studios and offices are located in the Denver Tech Center district, and the transmitter is on Green Mountain in Lakewood. KQKS broadcasts in the HD Radio format.
Pandectists
The Pandectists were German university legal scholars in the early 19th century who studied and taught Roman law as a model of what they called Konstruktionsjurisprudenz (conceptual jurisprudence) as codified in the Pandects of Justinian (Berman).

Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Pandectists were attacked in arguments by noted jurists Julius Hermann von Kirchmann and Rudolf von Jhering, who favored a modern approach of law as a practical means to an end (Weber).

In the United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and other legal realists pushed for laws based on what judges and the courts actually did, rather than the historical and conceptual or academic law of Friedrich Carl von Savigny and the Pandectists (Rosenberg).

Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Friedrich Carl von Savigny (21 February 1779, in Frankfurt am Main – 25 October 1861, in Berlin) was a German legal scholar (jurist) and legal historian. He served as professor of jurisprudence and was rector of the University of Berlin in 1812–1813. Savigny was also a member of the Prussian State Council and, from 1842 to 1848, Minister of State for Legal Reform (Staatsminister für Gesetzesrevision). He is regarded as the founder of the Historical School of Law.
Scott Gentling
Scott Gentling (December 31, 1942 – February 8, 2011) was an American visual artist based in Fort Worth, Texas. While his work bordered on realism, he often rejected the term, and preferred to describe his work as representational. He was also known for his artistic collaborations with his fraternal twin, Stuart Gentling, including their book Of Birds and Texas, and the murals at the Bass Performance Hall, in Fort Worth, Texas. Scott and his twin's work drew inspiration from many common interests such as nature, history, and architecture.

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth
The Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth (widely referred to as The Modern) is an art museum of post-World War II art in Fort Worth, Texas with a collection of international modern and contemporary art. Founded in 1892, The Modern is located in the city's cultural district in a building designed by architect Tadao Ando which opened to the public in 2002. The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums and holds a permanent collection with more than 3,000 works of art.
Futures at Fenway
"Futures at Fenway" was a baseball event held at Fenway Park in Boston from 2006 to 2014.  It featured two minor-league affiliates of the Boston Red Sox playing a pair of regular-season games against teams from their own leagues from 2006 to 2012 (exception being the 2010 rainout) and one game in 2013 and 2014.

The brainchild of Boston mayor Thomas Menino, the inaugural Futures at Fenway in 2006 was believed to be the first minor-league game(s) played at Fenway since 1977, when the park hosted the Eastern League All-Star Game.  They were the first regular-season minor-league games there since 1968, and simply because of the size of Fenway Park, the crowds are among the largest ever to see regular-season minor-league games.

Hit by pitch
In baseball, hit by pitch (HBP) is an event in which a batter or his clothing or equipment (other than his bat) is struck directly by a pitch from the pitcher; the batter is called a hit batsman (HB). A hit batsman is awarded first base, provided that (in the plate umpire's judgment) he made an honest effort to avoid the pitch, although failure to do so is rarely called by an umpire. Being hit by a pitch is often caused by a batter standing too close to, or "crowding", home plate.

The rule dates from 1887; before that, a pitch that struck the batter was merely a ball.
Mirmande
Mirmande (French pronunciation: [miʁmɑ̃d]; Occitan: Mirmanda) is a commune in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. A member of the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France, it is located 17 km (10.5 mi) north-northeast of Montélimar.

Montélimar
Montélimar (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃telimaʁ] ⓘ; Vivaro-Alpine: Montelaimar pronounced [muntelajˈma]; Latin: Acumum) is a town in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. It is the second-largest town in the department after Valence. In 2022, the commune had a population of 40,356; its urban area had a population of 58,395.
Dufferin Rifles of Canada
The Dufferin Rifles of Canada was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Non-Permanent Active Militia (now the Canadian Army) 1866-1936.

In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with the Haldimand Rifles to form the Dufferin and Haldimand Rifles of Canada. Later that unit was converted to artillery as the 56th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.

Notable members of the regiment included Sergeant William Merrifield, who won the Victoria Cross, and Lieutenant-General Ernest Charles Ashton.

Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically valuable high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. The Second Battle of Ypres was the occasion of the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.
Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1526–1648)
Although the Kingdom of Bohemia, both of the Lusatias, the Margraviate of Moravia, and Silesia were all under Habsburg rule, they followed different paths of development. Moravians and Silesians had accepted the hereditary right of the Austrian Habsburgs to rule and thus escaped the intense struggle between native estates and the Habsburg monarchy that was to characterize Bohemian history. In contrast, the Bohemian Kingdom had entrenched estates that were ready to defend what they considered their rights and liberties. The Habsburgs pursued a policy of centralization and conflict arose, which was further complicated by ethnic and religious issues.

Duchies of Silesia
The Duchies of Silesia were the more than twenty divisions of the region of Silesia formed between the 12th and 14th centuries by the breakup of the Duchy of Silesia, then part of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1335, the duchies were ceded to the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Treaty of Trentschin. Thereafter until 1742, Silesia was one of the Bohemian crown lands and lay within the Holy Roman Empire. Most of Silesia was annexed by the King of Prussia under the Treaty of Berlin in 1742. Only the Duchy of Teschen, the Duchy of Troppau and the Duchy of Nysa remained under the control of the Bohemian crown and as such were known as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia until 1918.
Gmina Drzewica
Gmina Drzewica is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Drzewica, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 118.42 square kilometres (45.7 sq mi), and as of 2016 its total population is 10,649 (out of which the population of Drzewica amounts to 3,913, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,649).

Opoczno County
Opoczno County (Polish: powiat opoczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, south-east Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Opoczno, which lies 72 kilometres (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Drzewica, lying 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Opoczno.

The county covers an area of 1,038.77 square kilometres (401.1 sq mi). As of 2009 its total population is 78,467, out of which the population of Opoczno is 21,635 (2016), that of Drzewica is 3,913 (2016), and the rural population is 52,006.
Millennial Day Theory
The Millennial day theory, the Millennium sabbath hypothesis, or the Sabbath millennium theory, is a theory in Christian eschatology in which the Second Coming of Christ will occur 6,000 years after the creation of mankind, followed by 1,000 years of peace and harmony. It is a very popular belief accepted by certain premillennialists who usually promote young Earth creationism.

The view takes the stance that each millennium is actually a day according to God (as found in Psalm 90:4 and 2 Peter 3:8), and that eventually at the end of the 6,000 years since the creation, Jesus will return. It teaches that the 7th millennium is actually called the Sabbath Millennium, in which Jesus will ultimately set up his perfect kingdom and allow his followers to rest. The Sabbath Millennium is believed to be synonymous with the Millennial Reign of Christ that is found in Revelation 20:1-6.

Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is the Christian and Islamic belief that Jesus Christ will return to Earth after his ascension to Heaven (the Ascension is said to have occurred about two thousand years ago). The idea is based on messianic prophecies and is part of most Christian eschatologies.

In Islamic eschatology, Jesus (ʿĪsā ibn Maryam) is also believed to return in the end times. According to Islamic belief, he will descend from Heaven to defeat the false messiah (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), restore justice, and reaffirm monotheism. His return is regarded as one of the major signs of the Day of Judgment, and he is viewed as a revered prophet, not divine, in Islamic theology.

Other faiths have various interpretations of it.
Banner-class environmental research ship
The Banner class is a class of three environmental research ships converted from Camano-class cargo ships by the United States Navy during the 1960s. The class comprised three ships: Banner, Pueblo, and Palm Beach. The ships were originally United States Army vessels, which had been built in 1944. Although officially classified as environmental research ships, they were actually used for signals intelligence gathering, as part of the AGER program.

In 1964 the Department of Defence became interested in having smaller, less expensive, more flexible, and responsive signals intelligence collection vessels than the existing AGTR and T-AG vessels. The mothballed light cargo ships were the most suitable existing DOD ships. The National Security Agency (NSA) wanted 25 AGER vessels, though after a detailed discussion with the Navy, this was reduced to 15 in budget requests for what the NSA called the Phase I and Phase II Trawler program. Eventually, only three were converted.

Camano-class cargo ship
The Camano class was a class of light cargo ships of the United States Navy. The fifteen ships of the class were originally built as Design 381 coastal freighters or Design 427 coastal freighters and were converted to light cargo ships during 1949 and 1950 after acquisition by the United States Navy.
Banque Belge pour l'Étranger
The Banque Belge pour l'Étranger (BBE, lit. 'Belgian Bank for Lands Abroad') was a Belgian bank that channeled many international banking operations of its controlling shareholder the Société Générale de Belgique (SGB) in the first half of the 20th century. It was originally established by the SGB in 1902 in Brussels as the Banque Sino-Belge ("Sino-Belgian Bank"), at the request of King Leopold II of Belgium.

The BBE's Hong Kong entity, first established in 1935, became the hub of its Asian operations following in the 1950s. It was renamed the Belgian Bank in 1980, Générale de Banque belge pour l’Étranger in 1985, General Belgian Bank in 1992, and Fortis Bank Asia (Chinese: 華比富通銀行) in 2000, and in 2005 was eventually acquired by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China through its Hong Kong subsidiary ICBC (Asia).

Banque Misr
Banque Misr is an Egyptian bank. Founded in 1920, the bank has branch offices in all of Egypt's governorates, and currency exchange and work permit offices for foreign workers in Egypt. It was co-founded by economist Talaat Harb Pasha, industrialist Joseph Aslan Cattaui Pasha and Joseph Cicurel. The government of the United Arab Republic nationalized the bank in 1960.
Martin Murray (footballer)
Martin Patrick Murray (born 6 October 1958) is an Irish retired football player and manager. His playing career spanned over 20 years, despite being diagnosed with a faulty heart valve at the age of 19. At club level he played for Home Farm, Everton, Drogheda United, Dundalk, St Pat's Athletic and Crusaders, winning multiple honours, as well as representing the Republic of Ireland up to under-21 level. He later managed Crusaders and Dundalk, winning the FAI Cup with the latter.

2002 FAI Cup final
The 2002 FAI Cup final was the final match of the 2001–02 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 7 April 2002 at Tolka Park in Dublin, and was contested by Dundalk and Bohemians. The competition was sponsored by Carlsberg. Dundalk won the match 2–1 to win the cup for the ninth time.
Political party strength in Alabama
The following table displays, by color, the parties of elected officials in the U.S. state of Alabama from 1817 to the current year.
As such, it may indicate the political party strength at any given time. The officers listed include:

Governor

Lieutenant governor

Secretary of State

Attorney general

Comptroller of Public Accounts/State Auditor

State treasurer

Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries

The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:

State Senate

State House of Representatives

State delegation to the U.S. Senate

State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives

For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.

Alabama Senate
32°22′36″N 86°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿32.37667°N 86.29889°W﻿ / 32.37667; -86.29889

The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, with each district containing at least 127,140 citizens. Similar to the lower house, the Alabama House of Representatives, the senate serves both without term limits and with a four-year term.

The Alabama State Senate meets at the State House in Montgomery.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the United States Senate, the senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Slettnes Lighthouse
Slettnes Lighthouse (Norwegian: Slettnes fyr) is the northernmost mainland lighthouse on Earth. It is located in Gamvik Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  It sits along the Barents Sea approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the village of Gamvik on the northern coast of the Nordkinn Peninsula, within the Slettnes Nature Reserve.  The 39-metre (128 ft) lighthouse is the only cast iron lighthouse in Finnmark county.

This is the easternmost of the three Nordkapp area lighthouses, and it is often considered the North Cape Light, marking the "top" of Europe. Fruholmen Lighthouse is located about 500 metres (0.31 mi) farther north, on the island of Ingøya, but the Slettnes Lighthouse is the northernmost lighthouse on the mainland of Scandinavia.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
2019 World Taekwondo Championships – Men's flyweight
The men's flyweight is a competition featured at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships, and was held at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, United Kingdom on 15 and 16 May. Flyweights were limited to a maximum of 58 kilograms in body mass.

2019 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2019 World Taekwondo Championships was the 24th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships and was held at the Manchester Arena, in Manchester, Great Britain from 15 to 19 May 2019. This was the first time the UK has held the event.
Same-sex parenting
Same-sex parenting is parenting of children by same-sex couples generally consisting of homosexual or bisexual people who are often in civil partnerships, domestic partnerships, civil unions, or same-sex marriages.

Opponents of same-sex parenting argue that it has an adverse impact on children. However, scientific research consistently shows that lesbian and homosexual parents are as capable and fit as heterosexual parents and that children reared by lesbian and homosexual parents are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as those reared by heterosexual parents. Major professional associations of physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, pediatricians, therapists, and social workers have not identified credible empirical research that suggests otherwise.

Insemination
Insemination is the introduction of sperm (in semen) into a females reproductive system in order to fertilize the ovum through sexual reproduction. The sperm enters into the uterus of a mammal or the oviduct of an oviparous (egg-laying) animal. Female humans and other mammals are inseminated during sexual intercourse or copulation, but can also be inseminated by artificial insemination.

In humans, the act and form of insemination has legal, moral and interpersonal implications. However, whether insemination takes place naturally or by artificial means, the pregnancy and the progress of it will be the same. Insemination may be called in vivo fertilisation (from in vivo meaning "within the living") because an egg is fertilized inside the body, this is in contrast with in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1369
United Nations Security Council resolution 1369, adopted unanimously on 14 September 2001, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1312 (2000), 1320 (2000) and 1344 (2001) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 March 2002.

Algiers Agreement (2000)
The Algiers Agreement was a peace agreement between the governments of Eritrea and Ethiopia that was signed on 12 December 2000, at Algiers, Algeria, to formally end the Eritrean–Ethiopian War, a border war fought by the two countries from 1998 to 2000. In the agreement, the two parties reaffirmed the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, which had been signed on 18 June 2000.

The Algiers Agreement provided for the exchange of prisoners and the return of displaced persons and established a Boundary Commission to demarcate the border and a Claims Commission to assess damages caused by the conflict.
Streptomyces-atpC RNA motif
The Streptomyces-atpC RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
Streptomyces-atpC motif RNAs are found in organisms classified within the genus Streptomyces.

Streptomyces-atpC motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes, which encode subunits of ATP synthase.  However, it is also possible that they are small RNAs.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Mystacodon
Mystacodon is a genus of toothed baleen whale from the Late Eocene Yumaque Member of Paracas Formation (previously called as Yumaque Formation) of the Pisco Basin in southwestern Peru. It is the oldest known baleen whale, and was probably a suction feeder of small prey on the seafloor.

Pisco Basin
Pisco Basin (Spanish: Cuenca de Pisco) is a sedimentary basin extending over 300 kilometres (190 mi) in southwestern Peru. The basin has a 2-kilometre (1.25-mile) thick sedimentary fill, which is about half the thickness of more northern foreland basins in Peru.

The oldest known sediments are the Eocene sandstones of the Caballas Formation, while the youngest deposits, the fossiliferous Pisco Formation, date to the Early Pleistocene. In relation to present-day, topography the fill of Pisco Basin makes the upper part of the Coastal Cordillera of southern Peru, the coastal plains, the Ica-Nazca Depression and the Andean foothills.

The basin is renowned for hosting various highly fossiliferous stratigraphic units; the Pisco Formation has provided a wealth of marine mammals (including sloths), birds, fish and other groups, as have the Chilcatay, Otuma and Paracas Formations.