hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hard Core (Paul Dean album)
Hard Core is the first solo album by Canadian musician Paul Dean, released in January 1989. The first track, "Sword & Stone", was demoed by Kiss for their Crazy Nights album in 1987, and later additionally recorded by the German rockers, Bonfire, in 1989 for the  film Shocker and its accompanying soundtrack.

The song "Draw the Line", written by Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance, was originally recorded by Adams for his hit 1984 album Reckless but was left off the final track list. Adams' version eventually saw a release on the 30th anniversary reissue of Reckless. It was also recorded and released by Ted Nugent with Brian Howe on lead vocals in 1984 on his Penetrator album.

Ken Sinnaeve
Kenneth "Spider" Sinnaeve (born May 2, 1954) is a Canadian musician. He was a founding member of the popular Canadian band Streetheart, and since 2001 has been a member of Loverboy, replacing late bassist Scott Smith. Sinnaeve has also contributed to many albums and played live performances with  George McCrae, Helix, Tom Cochrane & Red Rider, Kim Mitchell, The Partland Brothers, Lee Aaron, and The Guess Who.
Excise Bill
The Excise Bill of 1733 was a proposal by the British government of Robert Walpole to impose an excise tax on a variety of products. This would have allowed Excise officers to search private dwellings to look for contraband untaxed goods. The perceived violation of the Rights of Englishmen provoked widespread opposition and the bill was eventually withdrawn. Whig opposition MP William Pitt took the lead in criticising the proposal, invoking the concept that an "Englishman's house is his castle".

Walpole proposed the bill while at the height of his powers, during the Whig Ascendency, but its defeat was an early sign of the waning of his dominance over British politics which came to an end in 1742. Opposition Tory Mps were joined by the emerging Patriot Whigs to oppose the measure, signalling an alliance between these two forces.

Patriot Whigs
The Patriot Whigs,  later the Patriot Party, were a group within the Whig Party in Great Britain from 1725 to 1803. The group was formed in opposition to the government of Robert Walpole in the House of Commons in 1725, when William Pulteney (later 1st Earl of Bath) and seventeen other Whigs joined with the Tory Party in attacks against the ministry. By the mid-1730s, there were over one hundred opposition Whigs in the Commons, many of whom embraced the Patriot label. For many years, they provided a more effective opposition to the Walpole administration than the Tories were.
Latécoère 611
The Latécoère 611 was a French four-engined maritime reconnaissance flying boat of the Second World War. Although only a single prototype was completed, this served throughout the war, being used by both the Vichy French and Free French navies.

25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun
The Hotchkiss 25 mm anti-aircraft gun was an anti-aircraft autocannon designed by the French firm of Hotchkiss. It served in World War II with French, Japanese and other nations' forces. Other than the designer company and the calibre, this weapon is not related to the semi-automatic 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun; in particular, the cartridge used is different.
Moua Pihaa
Moua Pihaa is a submarine volcano in French Polynesia. It is located southwest of Mehetia in the Society Islands, and is the largest of a group of seamounts stretching between Mehetia and Tahiti. The volcano's summit is 160m below sea level.

The volcano was first located in 1976 using seismograph records, and its existence confirmed by a bathymetric survey.

Moua Pihaa was seismically active from 22 to 29 April 1969, and from 21 to 23 June 1970, which suggests that submarine eruptions have occurred.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Motor City Open 2016
The 2016 Motor City Open is an International 70 tournament of the PSA World Tour. This 2016 edition of the Motor City Open took place at the Birmingham Athletic Club in Detroit, Michigan, in the United States on January 22–25, 2016. Ali Farag won his first Motor City Open title, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

2016–17 PSA World Tour
The 2016–17 PSA World Tour is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2016 squash season. It's the 2nd PSA season since the merger of PSA and WSA associations in 2015. The most important tournaments in the series is the Men's World Championship and the Women's World Championship. The tour features three categories of regular events, World Series, which feature the highest prize money and the best fields, International and Challenger. In the middle of the year, the PSA World Series tour is concluded by the Men's PSA World Series Finals and the Women's PSA World Series Finals in Dubai, the end of the world series season for the top 8 rated players.  Players performances in the tour are rated by the Men's World Rankings and Women's World Rankings.
Jean-Claude Viollet
Jean-Claude Viollet (born 9 June 1951 in Ruelle-sur-Touvre, Charente) is a former member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the Charente department,  from 1997 to 2012 and was a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Vittaria appalachiana
Vittaria appalachiana, or the Appalachian shoestring fern, is a fern species in the subfamily Vittarioideae of the family Pteridaceae. It is native to moist and shaded outcrops in the Appalachian Mountains. It is notable for existing only in the gametophyte stage of development, unlike other fern species in which the sporophyte stage predominates. The species reproduces asexually through gemmae.

The species was known to bryologists, who at first confused it with a liverwort. Aaron John Sharp brought the species to the attention of pteridologists Warren H. Wagner and Alma Gracey Stokey. It was formally named by Donald R. Farrar & John T. Mickel in 1991.

Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.  The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Jac Jones
Jac Jones (born 1 March 1943) is a Welsh children's book illustrator.

He was born in Gwalchmai, Anglesey, Wales, and raised in Bristol, England, until the age of 7, before returning to Gwalchmai. He was educated at Ysgol Gynradd Gwalchmai and Ysgol Uwchradd Llangefni.

Jones has illustrated children's books since the mid-1970s. He has won the Tir na n-Og Award for several books, including the 2009 Award for A Nod from Nelson by Simon Weston. In 2000, he wrote and illustrated a book in both Welsh and English – Betsan a’r Bwlis / Alison and the Bully Monsters. His illustration work includes Welsh works of note such as Penillion y Plant, Trysorfa by T. Llew Jones and many of Mary Vaughan Jones' titles and famous characters including Jac y Jwc.

Jones won the Mary Vaughan Jones Award in 2012.

T. Llew Jones
Thomas Llewelyn Jones (11 October 1915 – 9 January 2009) was a Welsh language author. Over a writing career of more than 50 years, he became one of the most prolific and popular authors of children's books in Welsh. He wrote, and was generally known, as T. Llew Jones.
Cephalotes palta
Cephalotes palta is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

Cephalotes
Cephalotes is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded.
Alton Downs Station
Alton Downs Station, most commonly known simply as Alton Downs, is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in north east South Australia.

The property is situated approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) south west of Birdsville and 
253 kilometres (157 mi) north west of Innamincka. It is bordered to the west by the Simpson Desert Regional reserve, to the south by Clifton Hills Station and to the east by Pandie Pandie Station. The station contains many landforms including gibber plains, sand-plains, floodplains, channels and ephemeral rivers. The Warburton River flows through the property southward through Clifton Hills and Cowarie Station then discharging into Lake Eyre.

Innamincka, South Australia
Innamincka, formerly Hopetoun, is a township and locality in north-east South Australia. By air it is 820 kilometres (510 miles) north-east of the state capital, Adelaide, and 365 kilometres (227 miles) north-east of the closest town, Lyndhurst. It is  66 kilometres (41 miles) north-east of the Moomba Gas Refinery. The town lies within the Innamincka Regional Reserve and is surrounded by the Strzelecki Desert to the south and the Sturt Stony Desert to the north. It is linked by road to Lyndhurst via the Strzelecki Track, to the Birdsville Developmental Road via Cordillo Downs Road and Arrabury Road (via Haddon Corner), and the Walkers Crossing Track to the Birdsville Track. The Walkers Crossing Track is closed in summer and only traversable in dry weather. The township is situated along the Cooper Creek, a part of the Lake Eyre basin.
Guild of Indian English Writers Editors and Critics
Guild of Indian English Writers Editors and Critics is a literary forum of Indian writers in English. It was established on 24 September 2010 at Thodupuzha, Kerala, India. It was registered on 13 October 2010 and its Head Office is functioning at the residence of the Secretary, Dr. K. V. Dominic at Thodupuzha, Kerala.Renowned academician and award-winning author Dr Jaydeep Sarangi, Principal of New Alipore College, Kolkata is the president now. The guild honoured Literary legends, Shri Jayanta Mahapatra and Shri Ashokamitran and Justice Shri V. R. Krishna Iyer in the literary festivals organised by the guild.

Thodupuzha
Thodupuzha ([kaʈ:ap:ɐna]) is a municipality and taluk in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. It is located 55 km (34.2 mi) west of the district headquarters in Painavu and about 195 km (121.2 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Thodupuzha has a population of 52,045 people, and a population density of 1,468/km2 (3,800/sq mi).

Thodupuzha is the largest town and main commercial centre in Idukki. It is bordered by the Kottayam district on the southern side and the Ernakulam District on the western side. It also acts as a gateway to various tourist spots in the High Range regions towards its east, including Munnar, Thekkady, and Peermade.
Plaça de Catalunya station
Plaça de Catalunya station, also known as Barcelona-Plaça Catalunya, Plaça Catalunya or simply Catalunya is a major station complex in Barcelona located under Plaça de Catalunya, the city's central square and a large transport hub. Many Rodalies de Catalunya, Barcelona Metro and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya lines go through it and many bus routes link it with all of the districts of the city and most of the municipalities in its metropolitan area.

It is one of the oldest railway stations in Catalonia and one of the first stations of Barcelona Metro network. It is also one of the busiest stations in Barcelona and the terminal station in the city of all Metro del Vallès lines. It is served by Rodalies de Catalunya suburban lines R1, R3, R4 and regional line R12, TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines L1 and L3, FGC-operated Barcelona Metro lines L6 and L7, and Metro del Vallès lines S1, S2, S5 and S55.

Barcelona Sants railway station
Barcelona Sants is the main railway station in Barcelona, owned by Adif, the railway infrastructure agency of Spain. It has become the most important transport hub of the city - being the centre of Rodalies de Catalunya including Barcelona suburban railway services and regional services, as well as the main inter-city station for national and international destinations. The station is named after Sants, the neighbourhood of Barcelona in which it is located. New parts of the station have recently been remodeled to accommodate the Spanish high-speed train AVE in the city, which started serving the city on 20 February 2008. There is also an adjacent international bus station bearing the same name, and a link to the Sants Estació metro station that serves the railway station.
Image formation
The study of image formation encompasses the radiometric and geometric processes by which 2D images of 3D objects are formed.  In the case of digital images, the image formation process also includes analog to digital conversion and sampling.

Digital image
A digital image is an image composed of picture elements, also known as pixels, each with finite, discrete quantities of numeric representation for its intensity or gray level that is an output from its two-dimensional functions fed as input by its spatial coordinates denoted with x, y on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. An image can be vector or raster type. By itself, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images or bitmapped images (as opposed to vector images).
United States v. Ancheta
United States of America v. Ancheta (U.S. vs. Ancheta, 06-051 (C.D. Cal.)) is the name of a lawsuit against Jeanson James Ancheta of Downey, California by the U.S. Government and was handled by the United States District Court for the Central District of California. This is the first botnet related prosecution in U.S history.

Botnet
A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Botnets can be used to perform distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words "robot" and "network". The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.
Cyprus Convention
The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire which granted administrative control of Cyprus to Britain (see British Cyprus), in exchange for its support of the Ottomans during the Congress of Berlin. Provisions in the Convention retained Ottoman rights over the territory of Cyprus.

This agreement was the result of secret negotiations that took place earlier in 1878. The Convention was abrogated by the British on 5 November 1914, when Britain and the Ottoman Empire found themselves at war with each other following the Ottoman entry into World War I.

Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bâb-ı Âlî or Babıali; Turkish pronunciation: [baːbɯˈaːliː]), was a metonymy used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the Grand Vizier, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, and the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances. Today it houses the office of the Istanbul governerate.
2015 World Taekwondo Championships – Men's bantamweight
The men's bantamweight is a competition featured at the 2015 World Taekwondo Championships, and was held at the Traktor Ice Arena in Chelyabinsk, Russia on May 17 and 18. Bantamweights were limited to a maximum of 63 kilograms in body mass.

2015 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2015 World Taekwondo Championships were the 22nd edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Chelyabinsk, Russia from May 12 to May 18, 2015. The decision to award the games to Russia was made in 2013 as they out-voted both Vietnam and Brazil.
Opinion polling for the 2024 Croatian parliamentary election
In the run-up to the 2024 Croatian parliamentary election, various organisations have been carrying out monthly opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Croatia. Results of such polls are displayed in this article. The date range is from after the previous parliamentary election, held on 5 July 2020, to 17 April 2024 when 2024 elections were held.

2024 Croatian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Croatia on 17 April 2024 to elect the members of the 11th Sabor. Prior to the elections, the government consisted of a coalition of the Croatian Democratic Union and Independent Democratic Serb Party, with parliamentary support of five national minority MPs, two MPs from the Croatian Social Liberal Party and Croatian Demochristian Party, and one independent MP, Silvano Hrelja.

The ruling centre-right HDZ won the most seats for the fourth straight election, defeating the centre-left Rivers of Justice alliance. The right-wing populist Homeland Movement finished third, with the left-wing and green We Can! in fourth place. The HDZ subsequently formed a right-wing coalition with the Homeland Movement and returned HDZ leader Andrej Plenković as Prime Minister for a third term.
Pooled variance
In statistics, pooled variance (also known as combined variance, composite variance, or overall variance, and written ) is a method for estimating variance of several different populations when the mean of each population  may be different, but one may assume that the variance of each population is the same. The numerical estimate resulting from the use of this method is also called the pooled variance.

Under the assumption of equal population variances, the pooled sample variance provides a higher precision estimate of variance than the individual sample variances. This higher precision can lead to increased statistical power when used in statistical tests  that compare the populations, such as the t-test.

The square root of a pooled variance estimator is known as a pooled standard deviation (also known as combined standard deviation, composite standard deviation, or overall standard deviation).

Precision (statistics)
In statistics, the precision matrix or concentration matrix is the matrix inverse of the covariance matrix or dispersion matrix, .
For univariate distributions, the precision matrix degenerates into a scalar precision, defined as the reciprocal of the variance, .

Other summary statistics of statistical dispersion also called precision (or imprecision)
include the reciprocal of the standard deviation, ; 
the standard deviation itself and the relative standard deviation;
as well as the standard error and the confidence interval (or its half-width, the margin of error).
2020 Kentucky Open (tennis)
The 2020 Kentucky Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2020 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Nicholasville, Kentucky, United States between 10 and 16 February 2020.

Kentucky Open (tennis)
The Kentucky Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players. The event is classified as a $100,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held on indoor hardcourts in Nicholasville, Kentucky, United States, since 2020.
Imad Khalili
Imad Khalili (Arabic: عماد خليلي; born 3 April 1987) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or forward. He is the assistant coach of Al Wasl in the UAE Pro League.

Sweden national under-21 football team
The Sweden national under-21 football team is the football team representing Sweden in competitions for under-21 year old players and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the biennial UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

Sweden made their first European Under-21 Championship appearance in 1986. In 2015, Sweden became champions for the first time. They finished second in 1992 and they also reached the semi-finals in 1990 and 2009. Oscar Hiljemark is the most capped player for the Swedish U21 team, having played 37 caps between 2011 and 2015. Ola Toivonen and Carlos Strandberg are the top goalscorers for the Swedish U21 team, having scored 13 goals each.
Merrylands West
Merrylands West is a suburb in western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 23 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Cumberland City Council.

Cumberland City Council
Cumberland Council, trading as Cumberland City Council, is a local government area located in the western suburbs of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Council was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of parts of the Cities of Auburn, Parramatta (Woodville Ward), and Holroyd.

The Council comprises an area of 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi) and as of the 2021 census had a population of 235,439.

The first Special Meeting of Cumberland Council was held on 19 May 2016 at the Granville Town Hall, and the council currently meets at the Merrylands Administration Centre.

The current mayor is Ola Hamed  of the Australian Labor Party, elected on 16 October 2024.
Beck's Saratoga Springs
Beck's Saratoga Springs, also known as Beck's Saratoga Hot Springs or Saratoga Resort was a resort on Utah Lake that operated from 1882 to 1993. The resort was located on the north shore of Utah Lake in what is now Saratoga Springs, Utah.

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".