hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanese silk
Japanese silk is silk harvested in Japan.  Archaeological evidence indicates that sericulture has been practiced since the Yayoi period. The silk industry was dominant from the 1930s to 1950s, but is less common now.

Sericulture
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm. This species of silkmoth is no longer found in the wild as they have been modified through selective breeding, rendering most flightless and without defense against predators. Silk is believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic period.   Today, China and India are the two main producers, with more than 60% of the world's annual production.
Mari State University
Mari State University was founded in   1972 in Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic. Mari State University consists of 6 faculties and 6 institutes that train well-educated specialists for most sectors of the Russian national economy. Mari State University is one of the five founder members of the International Association of Finno-Ugric universities, one of the forty-one members of Russia's Association of Classical Universities.
Classes are taken in Russian medium and English medium.

Yoshkar-Ola
Yoshkar-Ola (Mari and Russian: Йошкар-Ола) is the capital city of Mari El, Russia. It was formerly known as Tsarevokokshaysk (Царевококшайск) from 1584 to 1919, and as Krasnokokshaysk (Краснококшайск) from 1919 to 1927. Population: 281,248 (2021 census); 248,782 (2010 census); 256,719 (2002 census); 241,601 (1989 Soviet census).

Yoshkar-Ola was established as a military fortress in 1584, following the Russian conquest of the Mari-inhabited regions of the Volga and its tributaries. It is one of the centers of the Mari people (especially of the Meadow Mari subgroup) and the administrative center of the Yoshkar-Ola city district.
Untir-untir
Untir-untir or kue tambang is a traditional Indonesian deep-fried twisted doughnut—that fried in peanut oil. This dish has a shiny and golden look with crispy taste, almost similar to mahua in Chinese cuisine and lubid-lubid in Filipino cuisine. In Javanese untir-untir means "twisted", while in Indonesian kue tambang means "rope cake"; both refer to its twisted rope-like shape. This doughnut popular in Javanese community in Java, but today it can found nationwide. Sesame seeds can be added in the untir-untir.

Twisted doughnut
Twisted doughnuts are yeast donuts or sticks of pastry made from wheat flour or glutinous rice flour, deep-fried in oil. In China, they are known as mahua (麻花); in Korea, they are known as kkwabaegi (꽈배기),  in the Philippines, they are known as shakoy or pilipit, and in Japan, they are known as sakubei (索餅).
Art in bronze and brass
Art in bronze and brass dates from remote antiquity. These important metals are alloys, bronze composed of copper and tin and brass of copper and zinc.

Proportions of each alloy vary slightly.  Bronze may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin. Other ingredients which are occasionally found are more or less accidental. The result is a metal of a rich golden brown colour, capable of being worked by casting — a process little applicable to its component parts, but peculiarly successful with bronze, the density and hardness of the metal allowing it to take any impression of a mould, however delicate. It is thus possible to create ornamental work of various kinds.

Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège
The baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège is a Romanesque brass or bronze baptismal font made between 1107 and 1118 now in the Collegiate Church of St. Bartholomew in Liège, Belgium. The font is a major masterpiece of Mosan art, remarkable for the classicism of its style, whose origin has been the subject of great debate among art historians. The Meuse river valley in modern Belgium and France, roughly coterminous with the Diocese of Liège, was the leading 12th-century centre of Romanesque metalwork, which was still the most prestigious medium in art.
Paul Klee
Paul Klee (German: [paʊ̯l ˈkleː]; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism.

Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively. His lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory (Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre), published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting was for the Renaissance.

He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.

Pointillism
Pointillism (/ˈpwæ̃tɪlɪzəm/, also US: /ˈpwɑːn-ˌ ˈpɔɪn-/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.

Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.  The term "Pointillism" was coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists, but is now used without its earlier pejorative connotation. The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo-impressionism. The Divisionists used a similar technique of patterns to form images, though with larger cube-like brushstrokes.
Andy Simons Mountain
Andy Simons Mountain is a prominent 6,407-foot (1,953 m) double summit mountain located in the Kenai Mountains, and the fourth-highest peak on the Kenai Peninsula in the state of Alaska. The true summit is 1.3 mile west of the 5,300+ foot subsidiary east peak on this five-mile-long northwest-to-southeast trending mountain. The mountain is situated in Chugach National Forest, 7.2 mi (12 km) east of Mount Adair, and 17 mi (27 km) north of Seward, Alaska. The Seward Highway and Alaska Railroad traverse its western foot. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Kenai Lake.

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Quadruple-track railway
A quadruple-track railway (also known as a four-track railway) is a railway line consisting of four parallel tracks with two tracks used in each direction. Quadruple-track railways can handle large amounts of traffic, and so are used on very busy routes or sections. Such conversion is referred to as "quadruplication".

A railway line with six parallel tracks, or a sextuple-track railway, has three tracks in each direction. The corresponding term is "sextuplication".

There are also instances of railway lines or sections with eight tracks, and cases with three or five tracks. All experience similar upsides and downsides.

Shijiazhuang–Jinan high-speed railway
The Shijiazhuang–Jinan high-speed railway, abbreviated Shiji passenger railway (simplified Chinese: 石济客运专线; traditional Chinese: 石濟客運專線; pinyin: Shíjǐ Kèyùn Zhuān Xiàn) is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway High-speed, running between Shijiazhuang and Jinan, the provincial capitals of Hebei and Shandong, respectively. The line will additionally pass through and serve cities of Hengshui, Cangzhou and Dezhou. Traditionally, passengers travelling east from Shijiazhuang towards Shandong would need to detour towards Beijing or Tianjin. Its completion allowed trains to run directly between Shijiazhuang and Jinan at 250 km/h (160 mph), shortening travel times between the two cities from the previous 4 hours to 1 hour and 20 minutes.
2006 MuchMusic Video Awards
The 2006 MuchMusic Video Awards were held on June 18, 2006, and featured performances by Fall Out Boy, Hedley, Rihanna, City and Colour, Simple Plan and others. The most nominated artists were Billy Talent, Kardinal Offishall f. Ray Robinson and Massari with 5 nominations each.

IHeartRadio MMVAs
The iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards were an awards show broadcast annually on Much from 1990 to 2018, and Fuse from 2010 to 2013 that honoured the year's best music videos.

Originally debuting in 1990 as the Canadian Music Video Awards, the awards were renamed in 1995 to the MuchMusic Video Awards. In 2016, the show was rebranded under the iHeartRadio banner after Much's parent company, Bell Media, reached a licensing agreement with iHeartMedia. The show's full name was officially dropped in 2018. The 2018 edition would ultimately be the last, amidst the scaling back and eventual discontinuation of all music programming on the channel due to declining ratings.
Mafeteng District
Mafeteng is a district of Lesotho. It has an area of 2,119 km2 and a population in 2016 of 178,222. Mafeteng is the capital of camptown, and only town in the district. In the west, Mafeteng borders on the Free State Province of South Africa.  Domestically, it borders on the following districts Maseru District in the northeast and Mohale's Hoek District in the southeast.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 192,621 which was 10.26 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 2,119 which was 6.98 per cent of the total area of the country. The density of population in the district was 91.00 per km2. As of 2008, there were 49 per cent economically active people in the district. There were totally 127,664 employed people out of a total of 262,454 people in the district above 15 years of age.

Districts of Lesotho
The Kingdom of Lesotho is divided into ten districts, each headed by a district administrator. Each district has a capital known as a camptown. The districts are further subdivided into 80 constituencies, which consist of 129 local community councils. Most of the districts are named after their capitals. Hlotse, the capital of Leribe District is also known as Leribe. Paballo L. Mokoena was born in this town. Conversely, the Berea District is sometimes called Teyateyaneng, based on its capital.
Highland Park, Lexington
Highland Parks is a neighborhood in northwest Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is a new subdivision started in the mid-2000s, located between the older Highlands and Oakwood neighborhoods. It is located south of Birch Drive and north of Boxwood Drive. It is bounded by Georgetown Road to the west and Oakwood Park to the east.

Highlands, Lexington
Highlands is a neighborhood in northwestern Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Its boundaries are Georgetown Road to the west, Oakwood Park to the east, and Citation Boulevard to the east. There are plans to develop a vacant field north of Highlands, it is unclear whether it will become part of Highlands or be a separate neighborhood.
Blond Eckbert
Blond Eckbert is an opera by Scottish composer Judith Weir. The composer wrote the English-language libretto herself, basing it on the cryptic supernatural short story Der blonde Eckbert by the German Romantic writer Ludwig Tieck. Weir completed the original two-act version of the opera in 1993, making Blond Eckbert her third full-length work in the genre. Like its predecessors, it was received well by the critics. She later produced a one act "pocket" version of the work. This uses chamber forces rather than the full orchestra of the two act version and omits the chorus. The pocket version receives frequent performances, especially in Germany and Austria, while the full version is available in a recording featuring the original cast.

Tom Service
Tom Service (born 8 March 1976) is a Scottish writer, music journalist, and television and radio presenter. He has written regularly for The Guardian since 1999 and presented on BBC Radio 3 since 2001. He is a regular presenter of the Proms for Radio 3 and has presented several documentaries on classical music.
Isaac I of Uvea
Isaake was a king of Uvea, ruling in rebellion for one day in 1895.  His father, Pooi, was a cousin of Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua. Following the death of Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki the fono elected Vito Lavelua II by six votes out of seven, but Isaake refused to accept the decision and gathered a group of armed followers. The next day, following a brief standoff, Vito declared that he had no desire to reign, after which Isaake ordered his men to lay down their arms and gifted his land and the kingship to Vito.

Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua
Soane-Patita Vaimua Lavelua (1799 — 21 November 1858) was a king of Uvea in the 19th century. He was named king in 1829 at the age of thirty) and reigned until his death in 1858. During his reign, Marist missionaries landed in Wallis in 1837 and converted the population. He then became the first Lavelua baptized Catholic and took the name Jean-Baptiste, in Wallisian "Soane Patita". He died at almost sixty years of age of pneumonia on 21 November 1858. His sister Falakika Seilala succeeded him only a few weeks later, on 5 December 1858.

He was the father of Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki, who become queen of Uvea in 1869, and of Vito Lavelua II, who became king in 1895.
1986 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1987 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 99th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 26 January 1986. The championship began on 13 April 1986 and ended on 28 September 1986.

St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 28 September 1986, Imokilly won the championship following a 2-04 to 0-09 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1984.

Bishopstown's Paul McGrath was the championship's top scorer with 0-24.

1984 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1984 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 96th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 29 January 1984. The championship began on 15 April 1984 and ended on 14 October 1984.

Nemo Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Carbery in the second round.

On 14 October 1984, Imokilly won the championship following a 1-14 to 2-07 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their first ever championship title.

Duhallow's Niall O'Connor was the championship's top scorer with 2-17.
Walter E. Williams
Walter Edward Williams (March 31, 1936 – December 1, 2020) was an American economist, commentator, and academic. Williams was the John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics at George Mason University, a syndicated columnist, and author. Williams held classical liberal and libertarian views, and wrote frequently for Townhall, WND, and Jewish World Review. Williams was also a popular guest host of The Rush Limbaugh Show when Limbaugh was unavailable.

Uncle Tom (film)
Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative is a 2020 American political documentary film directed by Justin Malone, written by Ryder Ansell, Larry Elder, Justin Malone, with Elder as executive producer, and starring Chad O. Jackson. The documentary features interviews with people such as Robert Woodson, Stephen Broden, Jesse Lee Peterson, Herman Cain, Carol M. Swain, Allen West and Candace Owens, as well as archive footage of Ben Carson, Shelby Steele, and Thomas Sowell. Elder, who helped write the film, hoped it would promote conservative views in the 2020 presidential election.
Saint Jonas's Festival
Saint Jonas' Festival, also known as Rasos (Dew Holiday), Joninės, Kupolė, Midsummer Day or Saint John's Day) is a Lithuanian midsummer folk festival celebrated on 24 June all around Lithuania and by the Lithuanian diaspora worldwide. The celebrations often involve flower wreaths, bonfires and torchlit processions, and music and dancing.

Nativity of John the Baptist
The Nativity of John the Baptist (or Birth of John the Baptist, or Nativity of the Forerunner, or colloquially Johnmas or St. John's Day (in German) Johannistag) is a Christian feast day. It is observed annually on 24 June. The Nativity of John the Baptist is a high-ranking liturgical feast, kept in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism. The sole biblical account of the birth of John the Baptist comes from the Gospel of Luke.
Sajjan Singh of Udaipur
Colonel HH Maharajadhiraj Maharana Sir Sajjan Singh GCSI (18 July 1859 – 23 December 1884), was the Sisodia Rajput ruler of the Princely State of Udaipur (r. 1874 – 1884). He was a son of Maharaj Shakti Singh of Bagore and was adopted by his childless first cousin Maharana Shambhu Singh whom he succeeded in the year 1874. He adopted Fateh Singh a descendant of Maharana Sangram Singh II from the Shivrati branch of the family.

Sangram Singh II
Maharana Sangram Singh II (24 March 1690 – 11 January 1734) was the Sisodia Rajput ruler of Kingdom of Mewar. He reigned from 1710 to 1734. He was succeeded by his eldest son Jagat Singh II.

Maharana Sangram Singh II was a noted political figure of his time. He ascended the throne at a crucial juncture in Indian history when the Mughal Empire was disintegrating and dividing into various independent parts with several announcing themselves free from the Mughal rule. At the same time, Mewar was facing internal feuds because of which their chance to expand their territory was also minimal. This scenario led Mewar into a defensive stance against the Mughals. With gradual disintegration of the Mughal Empire, the need for this vigilance toward them declined. Nevertheless, even as the Mughals waned, the Rajputs, in Mewar as elsewhere, faced the upsurge of the Marathas, so continued their fortification strategy to safeguard and strengthen their territory.
Wonderfool
Wonderfool is an album by Rock Star: Supernova runner-up Dilana released in 2000 under the alias Dilana Smith. It was relatively successful; three of the five released singles successfully charted in The Netherlands. With the exception of the track Wonderfool, the album's sound is lighter than what Dilana showcased on Rock Star: Supernova and her more recent work. The album was re-released in 2006, following Dilana's appearance on Rock Star: Supernova. Dilana has stated that she does not make any financial benefit from sales from this album. Because it did not sell enough when originally released, all the proceeds go to Red Bullet.

Rock Star: Supernova
Rock Star: Supernova is the second season of the reality television show Rock Star.  The show, hosted by Dave Navarro and Brooke Burke, featured 15 contestants competing to become the lead vocalist for a newly formed supergroup featuring Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee, former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, and former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke.

On September 13, 2006, Lukas Rossi was crowned the winner and became the frontman of the band Rock Star Supernova.
Martyn Roper
Martyn Keith Roper OBE (born 8 June 1965) is a British diplomat and civil servant who served as Governor of the Cayman Islands between 29 October 2018 and 29 March 2023. Roper was the second longest-serving governor of the Cayman Islands behind Thomas Russell who served a total of 7 years.  He was succeeded by Jane Owen as Governor of the Cayman Islands.

Roper was the British Ambassador to Algeria from 2010 to 2014. He was appointed OBE in 2013 "for services to UK interests in Algeria, particularly the UK response to the In Amenas hostage crisis".

Jane Owen
Jane Caroline Owen (born 15 April 1963) is a British politician and diplomat. She is the current Governor of the Cayman Islands and the second woman to hold this position. She had previously served as the British ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein and the British ambassador to Norway.
Carrier generation and recombination
In solid-state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and carrier recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated. Carrier generation and recombination processes are fundamental to the operation of many optoelectronic semiconductor devices, such as photodiodes, light-emitting diodes and laser diodes. They are also critical to a full analysis of p-n junction devices such as bipolar junction transistors and p-n junction diodes.

The electron–hole pair is the fundamental unit of generation and recombination in inorganic semiconductors, corresponding to an electron transitioning between the valence band and the conduction band where generation of an electron is a transition from the valence band to the conduction band and recombination leads to a reverse transition.  Slow recombination rates (or equivalently, long carrier lifetimes) are a favorable attribute of the semiconductors that comprise solar cells.

Valence and conduction bands
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states. On a graph of the electronic band structure of a semiconducting material, the valence band is located below the Fermi level, while the conduction band is located above it.

The distinction between the valence and conduction bands is meaningless in metals, because conduction occurs in one or more partially filled bands that take on the properties of both the valence and conduction bands.
Peking Express
Peking Express is a Dutch–Flemish reality game show that follows a series of couples as they hitchhike to or from Beijing (only in the first three seasons; the following seasons are set elsewhere around the world). The series, first broadcast on 14 March 2004, ran for seven seasons from 2004 to 2008 and was revived in 2012 (as a sole Dutch production) and again in 2017. In the Netherlands, it was screened by Net5 and in Belgium by VT4 during its original 2000s run before moving to Q2 in 2017. The game show concept has also been sold to a number of countries around the world since 2005.

Hitchhiking
Hitchhiking (also known as hitch-hiking, hitching, thumbing, and autostop) is a means of transportation that relies on soliciting rides from individuals, usually strangers.  Recognized hand gestures, signage, and casual prearrangement, as in a solicitation at a rest stop, are used.

Most hitchhikes are free.  Occasionally on a longer ride the driver may request their guest chip in towards gas, or coffee and such at a break; more often than asking they will volunteer to pay for such things themselves, recognizing that a person hitchhiking probably is low on funds, and willing to do a good turn.  Casual contribution by the hitcher towards expenses does not void a ride as a hitchhike, but arranging payment in advance, regardless of who is providing the transport, is fee-for-service, however informal.