hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dark Souls: Artorias of the Abyss
Dark Souls: Artorias of the Abyss is a downloadable content pack for the 2011 action role-playing game Dark Souls. Developed by FromSoftware and published by Namco Bandai Games, it released as part of the Prepare to Die Edition version of the game for Windows in August 2012. The pack was later sold separately for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of the game two months later.

Artorias of the Abyss takes the player centuries into Dark Souls' past, where they must save the land of Oolacile from destruction at the hands of Manus, Father of the Abyss. The pack received positive reviews from critics, who praised the boss battles and additional story and gameplay content.

Dark Souls
Dark Souls is a dark fantasy action role-playing game series developed by FromSoftware and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. Created by Hidetaka Miyazaki, the series began with the release of Dark Souls (2011) and has seen two sequels, Dark Souls II (2014) and Dark Souls III (2016). It has received critical acclaim, with its high level of difficulty being among its most discussed aspects, while the first Dark Souls is often cited as one of the greatest games of all time. The series had shipped over 39 million copies worldwide as of 2025. Other FromSoftware games, including Demon's Souls, Bloodborne, Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, and Elden Ring, share several related concepts and led to the creation of the Soulslike subgenre.
Ridge Island
Ridge Island (67°42′S 67°6′W﻿ / ﻿67.700°S 67.100°W﻿ / -67.700; -67.100) is a ridge-shaped island, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) wide lying 3 nautical miles (6 km) east of Pourquoi Pas Island in the center of Bourgeois Fjord, off the west coast of Graham Land. Discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE), 1934–37, under Rymill.

Bourgeois Fjord
Bourgeois Fjord is an inlet, 30 miles (50 km) long in a northeast–southwest direction and 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) wide, lying between the east sides of Pourquoi Pas Island and Blaiklock Island and the west coast of Graham Land. It separates Loubet Coast to the north from Fallières Coast to the south. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Colonel Joseph E. Bourgeois, Director of the Geographic Service of the French Army. The outline of this inlet was more accurately delineated in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill.
Frederick Richard Say
Frederick Richard Say (30 November 1804 – 30 March 1868) was a notable society portrait painter in London between c. 1830 and c.1860, undertaking commissions for portraits of figures such as Earl Grey, Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington and the Royal family.

Frances Talbot, Countess of Morley
Frances Talbot, Countess of Morley (married name Frances Parker; 1782–1857) was an English author and illustrator, best known as a correspondent of Jane Austen. By her marriage to John Parker, 1st Earl of Morley, she became the Countess of Morley.
Maji Maji Rebellion
The Maji Maji Rebellion (German: Maji-Maji-Aufstand, Swahili: Vita vya Maji Maji) was an armed rebellion of Africans against German colonial rule in German East Africa (modern-day Tanzania). The war was triggered by German colonial policies designed to force the indigenous population to grow cotton for export. The war lasted from 1905 to 1907, during which 75,000 to 300,000 died, overwhelmingly from famine. The end of the war was followed by a period of famine, known as the Great Hunger (ukame), caused in large part by the scorched-earth policies used by governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen to suppress the rebellion. These tactics have been described by scholars as genocidal. The name may have been the origin of the term for the 'Mau Mau rebellion' in Kenya five decades later.

John Iliffe (historian)
John Iliffe (born 1 May 1939) is a British historian, specialising in the history of Africa and especially Tanzania. He was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. He was awarded the 1988 Herskovits Prize for The African Poor: A History.

Iliffe was a fellow of the British Academy from 1989 to 2006.
Silene campanulata
Silene campanulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names Red Mountain catchfly and bell catchfly. It may be a synonym of Silene greenei.

It is native to the mountains of Oregon and northern California.

Silene greenei
Silene greenei, commonly known as bell catchfly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is a perennial herb that is native to the western United States (Oregon and California).
1965 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1965 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 44th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.

Down entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Armagh in the Ulster final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 3 October 1965 at St. Coman's Park in Roscommon, between Roscommon and Armagh, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Roscommon won the match by 3-10 to 2-11 to claim their first championship title.

All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was a hurling competition organized by the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland. The competition was originally contested by the second teams of the strong counties, and the first teams of the weaker counties. In the years from 1961 to 1973 and from 1997 until now, the strong counties have competed for the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship instead. The competition was then restricted to the weaker counties. The competition was discontinued after 2004 as these counties now compete for the Nicky Rackard Cup instead.

From 1974 to 1982, the original format of the competition was abandoned, and the competition was incorporated in Division 3 of the National Hurling League. The original format, including the strong hurling counties was re-introduced in 1983.
Chégamat
Chégamat (also written Chegamate) is a village in the commune of Oued El Alenda, in Mih Ouensa District, El Oued Province, Algeria. The village is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southeast of Oued El Alenda and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the provincial capital El Oued.

Oued El Alenda
Oued El Alenda (Arabic: وادى اﻟﻌﻠﻨﺪة) is a town and commune in Mih Ouensa District, El Oued Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 6,830, up from 5,839 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 1.6%. The town is 17 kilometres (11 mi) southwest of the provincial capital El Oued, on the N16 highway connecting it to Touggourt.
National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
The National Liberation Party (Spanish: Partido Liberación Nacional, PLN), nicknamed the verdiblancos (lit. 'green and whites'), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives.

Socialist International
The Socialist International (SI) is a political international consisting mostly of social democratic political parties and labour organisations. The SI was founded in support of democratic socialism, albeit it has generally moderated over time.

Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.

The current president is the prime minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez, elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022.
New Zealand Advanced Ordnance Depot
The ANZUK Ordnance Depot was established in 1971 to provide logistical support to Australian, New Zealand and British forces stationed in Singapore and Malaysia as part of ANZUK Force. It was commanded by a Royal Army Ordnance Corps officer of the rank of lieutenant colonel and staffed by Australian, New Zealand and United Kingdom personnel and Locally Employed Civilians. This organisation operated for only a short period. Australia changed Government in 1972 and the incoming Labor Government decided to withdraw Australia’s commitment to the region. This took effect in 1974 and was followed later by the withdrawal of the British forces. It was then decided that New Zealand should form its own Advanced Ordnance Depot, designated the New Zealand Advanced Ordnance Depot (NZAOD). This was the start of a commitment which was to last until December 1989.

ANZUK
ANZUK was a tripartite force formed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to defend the Asian Pacific region after the United Kingdom withdrew forces from the east of Suez in the early 1970s. The ANZUK force was formed in Singapore on 1 November 1971 under Rear Admiral David Wells and disbanded on 31 January 1974.
German trawler V 301 Weser
Weser was a German fishing trawler that was requisitioned in the Second World War by the Kriegsmarine for use as a vorpostenboot. She was sunk in November 1939 but was raised, repaired and returned to service. She was returned to her owners in 1941 and served until 1962, when she was scrapped.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
2001–02 Albanian Cup
2001–02 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the 50th season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 18, 2001, with the First Round and ended on June 1, 2002, with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the first round of the 2002-03 UEFA Europa League. Tirana were the defending champions, won their eleventh Albanian Cup this season. The cup was won by Tirana.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

2000–01 Albanian Cup
2000–01 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the forty-ninth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on 26 August 2000 with the First Round and ended on 26 May 2001 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 2001-02 first round of the UEFA Europa League. Teuta were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Tirana.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.
Reidenhausen
Reidenhausen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Zell, whose seat is in the municipality of Zell an der Mosel.

Zell (Mosel)
Zell (Mosel) (German pronunciation: [tsɛl] ⓘ) is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Zell has roughly 4,300 inhabitants and is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
NGC 7617
NGC 7617 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Pegasus. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 3,801  ±  27 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 56.1 ± 4.0  Mpc (∼183  million light- years). NGC 7617 was discovered by the Prussian astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest in  1864.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Shipka Valley
Shipka Valley (Shipchenska Dolina \'ship-chen-ska do-li-'na\) valley extending 2.4 km (1.5 mi) and 700 m (2,300 ft) wide in Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The valley descends from Shipka Saddle between the north slopes of Lyaskovets Peak and Levski Peak, and holds a tributary glacier which joins Huron Glacier east of Aheloy Nunatak.

It was first crossed by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia  on 17 December 2004, and takes its name from the adjacent Shipka Saddle.

Levski Peak (Antarctica)
Levski Peak (Bulgarian: връх Левски, romanized: vrah Levski, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈɫɛfski]) is a mountain in Antarctica, rising to approximately 1,430 m (4,692 ft) in the western extremity of Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It surmounts Huron Glacier to the north and Macy Glacier to the south.  The peak was named after Vasil Levski (1837–1873), a national hero of the Bulgarian liberation movement.
2019 Generali Open Kitzbühel – Singles
Martin Kližan was the defending champion but lost in the first round to Matthias Bachinger.

Dominic Thiem won the title, defeating Albert Ramos Viñolas in the final, 7–6(7–0), 6–1. Thiem was the first local champion of the tournament since Thomas Muster in 1993.

1993 Philips Head Cup
The 1993 Philips Head Cup, also known as the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, was a men's tennis tournament held on outdoor clay courts at the Kitzbüheler Tennisclub in Kitzbühel, Austria that was part of the ATP World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and was held from 2 August until 9 August 1993. Third-seeded Thomas Muster won the singles title.
1999 Torneo Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
The 1999 Torneo Internazionali Femminili di Palermo was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the Tier IV Series of the 1999 WTA Tour. It was the 12th edition of the Internazionali Femminili di Palermo and took place from 12 July until 18 July 1999. Qualifier Anastasia Myskina won the singles title.

Palermo Ladies Open
The Palermo Ladies Open, is a women's tennis tournament in Palermo, Italy that is played on outdoor clay courts at the Country Time Club. Since 2025, in its 36th edition, it became a WTA 125 event.

The first two editions were part of the Satellite Circuit, but since 1990 it has been part of the WTA Tour. In the past it has also been known as the "Palermo International" and the "Internazionali Femminili di Palermo." The tournament was categorized as either a WTA Tier IV or Tier V event from 1990 to 2008 and became an International Tournament in 2009. In 2014, the license for the event was sold to Kuala Lumpur's Malaysian Open for six years (contract for three years with an option for additional three). The tournament returned to Palermo in 2019 as a WTA International event, replacing Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open which was moved to the autumn calendar as part of the China Open series.
Internet Icon season 1
Internet Icon is an American film-making competition reality television show to find "the next Internet icon". The first season aired on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel from 12 June to 16 August 2012. The judges were Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin, and the host was Chester See. The filming of the show took place at the Los Angeles Center Studios. The Brothers Riedell won the first season, with Lana McKissack as runner-up. The contestants of the first season saw an average subscriber boost of 522%.

Internet Icon
Internet Icon is an online video-making talent competition (described as "American Idol-esque") that premiered on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel on June 12, 2012. The show was a competition between groups to see who can be "the next internet icon" or be able to run their own YouTube channel while sustaining an audience. Internet Icon was hosted by Chester See in season one and Chris Riedell in season two, and judged mainly by Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin in season one, with the addition of Timothy DeLaGhetto in the second season. Nick Riedell was also included as a mentor of the contestants in the second season. Additionally, there is also a guest judge who appears on the show each elimination episode. The contestants complete challenges at the Los Angeles Center Studios, where the show is also shot. The series is one of YOMYOMF's most popular. After two seasons, Internet Icon was cancelled, due to funding issues.
Tire war
In motorsports, a tire war occurs when more than one manufacturer provides tires for a motorsports series. Historically, tire wars have occurred in many high-level series, such as Formula One, NASCAR, Super GT, and MotoGP.

Tire wars are a controversial practice: on the one hand, they promote technical innovation, forcing tire manufacturers to "push the limits" of their tire manufacture. On the other hand, when all event competitors plan to stretch their tires' performance envelope, the event risks widespread tire failures that can reduce driver safety; such a scenario occurred at the 2005 United States Grand Prix.

NASCAR Cup Series at Richmond Raceway
Stock car races in the NASCAR Cup Series have been held at Richmond Raceway in Richmond, Virginia since 1953.

A second race in March was also held at the track from 1953 to 2024 until it was moved to Mexico for the 2025 season.
Shaheedan Misl
The Shaheedan Misl, also known as the Shahid Misl or Nihang Misl, was one of twelve Sikh Misls that later became the Sikh Empire. It held a small amount of territory in the Malwa (Punjab) area around the Damdama Sahib before being incorporated into the Sikh Empire of the Sukerchakia Misl by Ranjit Singh.

Deep Singh (later Baba Deep Singh), son of Bhagta, of village Pahuwind (now district Amritsar) was the founder of this Misl. Earlier this Misl was known as Deep Singh’s Misl but after the martyrdom of Deep Singh in 1757 and another Sikh general Gurbakhsh Singh (of Leel village) in 1764, this Misl came to be known as Shaheedan Misl.

The Shaheedan Misl was more akin to a religious-order rather than resembling a  large, family clan like most of the other misls of the Sikh Confederacy.

Sukerchakia Misl
The Sukerchakia Misl was one of twelve Sikh misls in Punjab during the 18th century, concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad districts in western Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752–1801). The misl, or grouping with its own guerilla militia (jatha), was founded by Charat Singh of Sandhawalia, grandfather of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The last Sukerchakia Misldar (commander of the Misl) was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and established an independent Sikh Empire. The ruling-family of the misl were of a Jat background.
Explorer 9
Explorer 9, known as S-56A before launch, was a NASA satellite which was launched in February 1961 to study the density and composition of the upper thermosphere and lower exosphere. It was a reflight of the failed Explorer S-56 mission, and consisted of a 7 kg (15 lb), 3.66 m (12.0 ft) balloon which was deployed into a medium Earth orbit. The mission was conducted by NASA's Langley Research Center.

Schmidt camera
A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations.  The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930.

Some notable examples are the Samuel Oschin telescope (formerly Palomar Schmidt), the UK Schmidt Telescope and the ESO Schmidt; these provided the major source of all-sky photographic imaging from 1950 until 2000, when electronic detectors took over. A recent example is the Kepler space telescope exoplanet finder.

Other related designs are the Wright camera and Lurie–Houghton telescope.
Sam Handley
Sam Handley is an American lacrosse player for the California Redwoods of the Premier Lacrosse League. He played college lacrosse at Penn, where he was a three-time All-American and won the McLaughlin Award as the best midfielder in the country.

USA Lacrosse
USA Lacrosse, a Recognized Sport Organization of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, is the governing body of men and women's lacrosse in the United States. It provides a leadership role in virtually every aspect of the game and has more than 425,000 members throughout the United States, and offers programs and services to inspire participation while protecting the integrity of the sport. The USA Lacrosse national headquarters is located in Sparks, Maryland along with the Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame. In addition, the headquarters campus features the IWLCA Building, Tierney Field and a memorial to the members of the lacrosse community that died in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. USA Lacrosse also oversees the U.S. National Team Program, which have won a combined 36 world championships, and the sport has been added to the 2028 Summer Olympics.
1897 Hind
1897 Hind, provisional designation 1971 UE1, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 October 1971, by Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek at Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg, Germany. The asteroid was named after English astronomer John Russell Hind.

Luboš Kohoutek
Luboš Kohoutek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkoɦou̯tɛk]; 29 January 1935 – 30 December 2023) was a Czech astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, including Comet Kohoutek which was visible to the naked eye in 1973.
He also discovered a large number of planetary nebulae.
Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859
The Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859 were a series of massacres committed by early white settlers of California with cooperation and funding from the government of California and the support of prominent Californians against the Yuki people of Round Valley, Mendocino County, California. More than 1,000 Yuki are estimated to have been killed; many others were enslaved and only 300 survived. The intent of the massacres was to exterminate the Yuki and gain control of the land they inhabited. U.S. Army soldiers deployed to the valley stopped further killings. In 1862, the California legislature revoked a law which permitted the kidnapping and enslavement of Native Americans in the state.

The Sacramento Union
The Sacramento Union was a daily newspaper founded in 1851 in Sacramento, California. It was the oldest daily newspaper west of the Mississippi River before it closed its doors after 143 years in January 1994, no longer able to compete with The Sacramento Bee, which was founded in 1857.