hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tanganika-Moero District
Tanganika-Moero District (French: District du Tanganika-Moero, Dutch: District Tanganika-Moero) was a district of the Belgian Congo from 1912 to 1933, when it was dissolved.
It roughly corresponded to the present Tanganyika Province and the northern part of Haut-Katanga Province.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Ernest Sands
Ernest M. Sands (April 30, 1922 – April 9, 2012) was a North Dakota Republican Party politician who served as the 32nd lieutenant governor of North Dakota from 1981 to 1985. Sands also served in the North Dakota Senate from 1967 to 1970 and from 1973 to 1980.

Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota
The lieutenant governor of North Dakota is a political office in North Dakota. The lieutenant governor's duty is to preside as President of the Senate, and is responsible for legislative relations, the state budget and agribusiness development. In the event the office of the governor becomes vacant, the lieutenant governor assumes that office and appoints a replacement lieutenant.

The current lieutenant governor is Michelle Strinden.

Before 1974, the lieutenant governor of North Dakota was elected separately from the governor. To avoid hostile relations between a lieutenant governor and governor from different parties, the process was changed to where the governor and lieutenant governor are elected together on a joint ballot and are of the same party.
State Counsellor of Kazakhstan
The State Counsellor of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік кеңесшісі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Memlekettık keñesşısı), formerly the State Secretary of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік хатшысы, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Memlekettık hatşysy), is an appointed post under the direct supervision of the president of Kazakhstan.

The state counsellor develops proposals for the president on domestic and foreign policy and coordinates activities on social and cultural issues.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
WNRW
WNRW (98.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Prospect, Kentucky, United States, and serving the Louisville metropolitan area with a contemporary hits format as "98.9 KISS FM". It is owned by iHeartMedia, with studios on South 4th Street in the Louisville neighborhood of Watterson Park.

WNRW's transmitter is in east Louisville, off Tucker Station Road near Interstate 265.

KISS-FM (brand)
KISS-FM is the brand name of a Top 40 music format heard on FM radio stations in many cities in the United States and overseas. iHeartMedia claims ownership of the KISS-FM brand in the United States and operates most KISS-FM formatted stations there, though not KISS-FM in San Antonio, Texas, or KISS-FM America on TuneIn.
Photography in the Philippines
The pioneers of photography in the Philippines were Western photographers, mostly from Europe.  The practice of taking photographs and the opening of the first photo studios in Spanish Philippines, from the 1840s to the 1890s, were driven by the following reasons: photographs were used as a medium of news and information about the colony, as a tool for tourism, as a fork anthropology, as a means for asserting social status, as an implement for historical documentation, as a team for communication, as materials for propaganda, and as a source of ideas for illustrations and engravings.  The practice of photography in the Philippines was not without the influence and influx of Western-art concepts into the colonized archipelago.

Igorot people
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, are an ethnic group composed of 9 main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains are in the Cordillera Mountain Range, altogether numbering about 1.8 million people in the early 21st century.

Their languages belong to the northern Luzon subgroup of Philippine languages, which in turn belongs to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family. A 2014 genetic study has found that the Kankanaey (an Igorot subgroup from Mountain Province), and by extension other indigenous Cordillera groups, descend almost entirely from the ancient Austronesian expansion originating in Taiwan around 3000-2000 BCE
Kaigan
Kaigan (海岸) is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The current administrative place names are Kaigan 1-chome to Kaigan 3-chome. It is an area where the residential address has been displayed. Kaigan 1-chome belongs to the Shiba district general branch office, and Kaigan 2-3 chome belongs to the Shibaura-Kōnan district general branch.

Shibaura
Shibaura (芝浦) is a district of Minato ward located in Tokyo, Japan. The district is located between the eastern side of the Yamanote Line train and Tokyo Bay. Shibaura consists mostly of artificial islands created by the excavation of industrial canals in the early 20th century. Formerly a light industrial area, it became famous for its night life during the Japanese asset price bubble period and, since the early 2000s, has become a high-rise residential district.
Agrotis graslini
Agrotis graslini, or Woods's dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1848. It is known from coastal dunes in the western Mediterranean region. It was found on Jersey in 2001. Further investigations revealed that the species had been present there since at least 1995.

The wingspan is 35–40 mm.

Jules Pierre Rambur
Jules Pierre Rambur (French pronunciation: [ʒyl pjɛʁ ʁɑ̃byʁ]; 21 July 1801 – 10 August 1870) was a French entomologist.

Rambur was born in Chinon. He studied the insect fauna of Corsica and Andalusia. He was the author of Histoire naturelle des insectes (1842) amongst other works. He died in Geneva.

He was a Member and later (1839) President of the Société entomologique de France.
Jeremy Ito
Jeremy Ito (born March 4, 1986) is a former placekicker and punter for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights NCAA Division I-A football team. He also played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. Ito is half Japanese. During his career at Rutgers, he was given the nickname "The Judge" - after Lance Ito, by fans for his clutch, game kicking performances.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Dux Express
Dux Express Transportes Aéreos, known as Dux Express, is a Brazilian air taxi, non-scheduled passenger and cargo airline headquartered in Jundiaí, São Paulo. The company is the air transport arm of Dux Logistics (Go Dux), a Brazilian multinational that operates in the air, sea and road cargo transportation segment across Brazil, France and the United States.

National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil
The National Civil Aviation Agency (Portuguese: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil, ANAC) is the Brazilian civil aviation authority, created in 2005. It is headquartered in the Edifício Parque Cidade Corporate in Brasília. A part of the Brazilian Secretariat of Civil Aviation, the agency raised from the former Department of Civil Aviation (DAC) and the Civil Aviation Certification Division (Aeronautical Technical Center - CTA), the Brazilian aircraft certification authority. ANAC is responsible for regulating and overseeing civil aviation activities, aeronautics and aerodromes infrastructure.
Esbønderup
Esbønderup is a parish and small town situated north of Lake Esrum in Gribskov Municipality, North Zealand. some 40 km (25 mi) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. As of 1 January 2025, it had a population of 1,413.

Lake Esrum
Lake Esrum (Danish: Esrum Sø, pronounced [ˈesʁɔm ˈsøˀ]) is the largest lake in Denmark by water volume and the second-largest lake by surface area, after lake Arresø. It is situated in the central part of North Zealand (the northeastern region of Zealand), straddling the boundaries of the municipalities Hillerød, Fredensborg, Helsingør and Gribskov, some 40 kilometres north of Copenhagen.

The lake covers 17 km2, Its length from north to south is 8.4 km and its maximum depth is 22 m. Its principal drainage is Esrum Å, a 10-km stream which passes Esrum Watermill and the remains of Esrum Abbey on its way to the Kattegat at Dronningmølle. The western shore of the lake is dominated by Gribskov, one of Denmark's largest forests, and the small town of Nødebo. Fredensborg Palace, one of the official residences of the Danish Royal Family, with its extensive gardens, is situated on the southeast shore. Boat trips operate on the lake from Sørup, a village just south of the palace gardens.
Phiyada Jutharattanakul
Phiyada Akkaraseranee (Thai: พิยดา อัครเศรณี), later Phiyada Jutharattanakul (Thai: พิยดา จุฑารัตนกุล), nickname Aom (Thai: อ้อม; RTGS: Om), (born June 17, 1975), is a Thai actress, model, and host. She is the second daughter of Pisarn Akarasenee, a well-known actor in and producer of various popular Thai TV series.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Lamia (poem)
"Lamia" is a narrative poem written by the English poet John Keats, which first appeared in the volume Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St Agnes and Other Poems, published in July 1820. The poem was written in 1819, during the famously productive period that produced his 1819 odes. It was composed soon after his "La Belle Dame sans Merci" and his odes on Melancholy, on Indolence, on a Grecian Urn and to a Nightingale, and just before "To Autumn".

Ode on Melancholy
"Ode on Melancholy" is one of five odes composed by English poet John Keats in the spring of 1819, along with  "Ode on a Grecian Urn", "Ode to a Nightingale", "Ode on Indolence", and "Ode to Psyche". The narrative of the poem describes the poet's perception of melancholy through a lyric discourse between the poet and the reader, along with the introduction to Ancient Grecian characters and ideals.
Schmidthachenbach
Schmidthachenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Herrstein-Rhaunen, whose seat is in Herrstein.

County of Sponheim
The County of Sponheim (German: Grafschaft Sponheim, former spelling: Spanheim, Spanheym) was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire that lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century. The name comes from the municipality of Sponheim, where the counts had their original residence.
Eelam War III
Eelam War III is the name given to the third phase of armed conflict between the Sri Lankan military and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

After the period of 100 days cease-fire the hostilities broke out on 19 April 1995. The LTTE - Sea Tigers planted explosives in two gun boats known as SLNS 'Sooraya' and 'Ranasuru', and blew them up.

Also, a new weapon "Stinger", a shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missile was used in this conflict by the LTTE. This was used to take down two Sri Lankan Air Force AVRO aircraft flying over the Jaffna peninsula.

Eelam War III also marked the rising success of the LTTE, as they managed to capture key districts such as Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu, and took over the Elephant Pass base. With the path clear towards the Muhumalai and Nagarkovil FDLs, the LTTE launched Operation Unceasing Waves IV in efforts to capture the Jaffna peninsula.

By the end of Eelam War III, the LTTE had control of nearly 30% of the entire island.

Mullaitivu
9°17′N 80°48′E﻿ / ﻿9.283°N 80.800°E﻿ / 9.283; 80.800

Mullaitivu (Tamil: முல்லைத்தீவு, romanized: Mullaittīvu; Sinhala: මුලතිව්, romanized: Mulativ) is the main town of Mullaitivu District, situated on the north-eastern coast of Northern Province, Sri Lanka. A largely fishing settlement, the town in the early twentieth century grew as an anchoring harbour of the small sailing vessels transporting goods between Colombo and Jaffna. The town has a District Secretary's office, many other government institutions and schools located in and around the area.
Area codes 303, 720, and 983
Area codes 303, 720, and 983 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Colorado. The numbering plan area (NPA) comprises Denver and Boulder, as well as their surrounding suburbs, including Lakewood, Littleton, Longmont, Broomfield,  Aurora, and Castle Rock. Area code 303 is the original area code of the NPA, as well as for the entire state, reduced in geographic extent over time. Area codes 720 and 983 were added in 1998 and 2022, respectively, to form an overlay complex for the area, meaning that the same geographic service area is served by all area codes and that ten-digit dialing is required for all calls made within the service area.

Broomfield, Colorado
Broomfield is a consolidated city and county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. It has a consolidated government which operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield's population was 74,112 at the 2020 United States census, making it the 15th most populous municipality and the 12th most populous county in Colorado. Broomfield is a part of the ten-county Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor.
Geography of Sudan
Sudan is located in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Covering 1,857,392 km2 (717,143 sq mi), it is the third largest country in Africa, after Algeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was the largest country on the continent until South Sudan split off from it in 2011.

Lake Nasser
Lake Nasser (Arabic: بحيرة ناصر Boħeiret Nāṣer, Egyptian Arabic: [boˈħeiɾet ˈnɑːseɾ]) is a large reservoir in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the construction of the Aswan High Dam and is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. Before its creation, the project faced opposition from Sudan as it would encroach on land in the northern part of the country, where many Nubian people lived who would have to be resettled. In the end Sudan's land near the area of Lake Nasser was mostly flooded by the lake.  The lake has become an important economic resource in Egypt, improving agriculture and touting robust fishing and tourism industries.

Strictly speaking, "Lake Nasser" refers only to the much larger portion of the lake that is in Egyptian territory (83% of the total), with the Sudanese preferring to call their smaller body of water Lake Nubia (Egyptian Arabic: بحيرة النوبية Boħēret Nubeya, [boˈħeːɾet nʊˈbejjæ]).
1928 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1928 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 6, 1928. Incumbent Republican Senator Lynn Frazier, who was first elected in 1922, sought re-election. Frazier faced former Governor Ragnvald Nestos in the Republican primary, and won re-nomination. In the general election, he faced F. F. Burchard, a gubernatorial appointee to the state mill. Frazier won his second term in a landslide over Burchard, winning by the largest margin for a Republican Senate candidate in North Dakota until 2016.

2016 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 2016 United States Senate election in North Dakota was held November 8, 2016, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of North Dakota, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The primaries were held June 14.

Incumbent Republican Senator John Hoeven won re-election to a second term with 78.5% of the vote, the largest margin in the state's history. Hoeven became the first Republican senator to be re-elected from North Dakota since 1974.
The Big House (tournament)
The Big House was an annual Super Smash Bros. tournament series held in Michigan, with the first event taking place in 2011. It is considered one of the largest and most prestigious Smash Bros. tournament series alongside GENESIS, Evolution Championship Series (EVO) and Super Smash Con. In 2024, The Big House was put on an indefinite hiatus by the organizers.

Evolution Championship Series
The Evolution Championship Series, commonly known as Evo, is an American annual esports event that focuses exclusively on fighting games. The tournaments are completely open and use the double elimination format. As with Super Battle Opera, contestants travel from all over the world to participate, including gaming hubs such as Japan, South Korea and Pakistan. The first Evolution was originally held as a Super Street Fighter II Turbo and Street Fighter Alpha 2 tournament called the Battle by the Bay. It changed its name to Evo in 2002. Every successive tournament has seen an increase of attendees. It has been held at various venues across the Las Vegas Valley since 2005. From 2021 to 2025, the event was jointly owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment and the Endeavor esports venture RTS. As of 2025, Indian esports tournament operator NODWIN Gaming, as well as RTS (now owned by the Saudi megaproject Qiddiya City), jointly own Evo.
Insula (Roman city)
The Latin word insula (lit. 'island'; pl.: insulae) was used in Roman cities to mean either a city block in a city plan (i.e. a building area surrounded by four streets) or later a type of apartment building that occupied such a city block specifically in Rome and nearby Ostia. The latter type of Insulae were known to be prone to fire and rife with disease.

A standard Roman city plan was based on a grid of orthogonal (laid out on right angles) streets. It was founded on ancient Greek city models, described by Hippodamus. It was used especially when new cities were established, e.g. in Roman coloniae.

The streets of each city were designated the decumani (east–west-oriented) and cardines (north–south). The principal streets, the decumanus maximus and cardo maximus, intersected at or close to the forum, around which the most important public buildings were sited.

Cardo
A cardo (pl.: cardines) was a north–south street in ancient Roman cities and military camps as an integral component of city planning. The cardo maximus, or most often the cardo, was the main or central north–south-oriented street.
Retinal waves
Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave-like fashion across the developing retina. These waves occur before rod and cone maturation and before vision can occur. The signals from retinal waves drive the activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the primary visual cortex. The waves are thought to propagate across neighboring cells in random directions determined by periods of refractoriness that follow the initial depolarization. Retinal waves are thought to have properties that define early connectivity of circuits and synapses between cells in the retina. There is still much debate about the exact role of retinal waves. Some contend that the waves are instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways, while others argue that the activity is necessary but not instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways.

Amacrine cell
In the anatomy of the eye, amacrine cells are interneurons in the retina. They are named from Greek  a– 'non'  makr– 'long' and  in– 'fiber', because of their short neuronal processes. Amacrine cells are inhibitory neurons which project their dendritic arbors onto the inner plexiform layer (IPL). They interact with retinal ganglion cells and bipolar cells.
Jatinder Shah
Jatinder Shah is an Indian music composer and record producer. He is primarily recognized for his compositions in Punjabi music and film industry. He has also composed for many Hindi films like Second Hand Husband and Dilliwali Zaalim Girlfriend. His works are notable for integrating pop, and Sufi music with modern music sounds, world music genres and traditional music. In August 2015, he performed live at MTV Coke Studio along with Gurdas Maan and Diljit Dosanjh on the song "Ki Banu Duniya Da" which was widely appreciated allover the world.

Music of Punjab
The music of Punjab reflects the traditions of the Punjab region associated with Punjabi language. Punjab is region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided into two parts: eastern Punjab, in India and western Punjab in Pakistan. The Punjab has diverse styles of music, ranging from folk and Sufi to classical, notably the Patiala gharana. Contemporary Punjabi music has tended to include more modern hip-hop and R&B sounds. While this style of music is most popular in Punjab, it has seen popularity across the subcontinent and areas with large Punjabi diaspora populations, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.