hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swallow-tailed hummingbird
The swallow-tailed hummingbird (Eupetomena macroura) is a species in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae), found mainly in east-central South America. Most authorities place it in the genus Eupetomena, although some place it in Campylopterus based on song and the thick shafts of the males' first primaries. Its common name and specific epithet (which means "large-tailed") both refer to the long, deeply forked, somewhat swallow-like tail.

Trochilinae
Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species.
Environment of North Korea
The environment of North Korea comprises the diverse ecosystems of the part of the Korean peninsula controlled by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. This includes alpine, forest, farmland, freshwater, and marine ecosystems.

Since the 1980s, the environment has been reported to be in a state of "crisis", "catastrophe", or "collapse". Pollution and deforestation are key problems. However, this has been contested by some accounts. In addition, North Korea has some environmental programs to mitigate the problems.

South Pyongan Province
South Pyongan Province (Korean: 평안남도; MR: Phyŏngannamdo; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanːamdo]) is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Pyongan Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Pyongsong.
Timeline of quantum mechanics
The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry.

The initiation of quantum science occurred in 1900, originating from the problem of the oscillator beginning during the mid-19th century.

Robert S. Mulliken
Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physical chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules.  Mulliken received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1966 and the Priestley Medal in 1983.
Fisherton de la Mere
Fisherton de la Mere, also spelt Fisherton Delamere, is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wylye, on the River Wylye, Wiltshire, England. The village lies just off the A36, midway between Salisbury and Warminster, each about 10 miles (16 km) distant. The parish came to an end in 1934 and was divided between Wylye and Stockton, the latter gaining the hamlet of Bapton while the village of Fisherton de la Mere retained a separate identity within Wylye. In 1931 the parish had a population of 195.

Marquess of Winchester
Marquess of Winchester is a title in the Peerage of England that was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. It is the oldest of six surviving English marquessates; therefore its holder is considered the premier marquess of England. It is also now the only marquessate in the Peerage of England not being subsidiary to a higher title (although it was formerly subsidiary to the extinct Dukedom of Bolton; the other five are all still held by dukes). The current holder is Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969), whose son uses the courtesy title Earl of Wiltshire.
Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras
Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras (Greek: Παύλος Οικονόμου-Γκούρας, 3 November 1897 – 27 April 1991) was a Greek diplomat and thrice Minister for Foreign Affairs of Greece.

Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras descended from a wealthy family from the village of Goura, Corinthia that had taken part in the Greek War of Independence. After studies in the University of Athens, he entered the Greek Diplomatic Corps in 1921. He served in various diplomatic posts in Iran, Portugal, Italy, Turkey, the United States, Brazil and South Africa, as well as serving as Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations in 1960–61.

He also served as Foreign Minister on the interim government of Stylianos Mavromichalis in 1963, in the 1966–1967 Ioannis Paraskevopoulos cabinet, and in the cabinet of Konstantinos Kollias following the establishment of the military junta on 21 April 1967, until his resignation on 3 November 1967. He died on 27 April 1991 at the age of 93.

Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations
The Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations (Greek: Μόνιμος αντιπρόσωπος της Ελλάδας στον Οργανισμό Ηνωμένων Εθνών) is the Permanent Representative of the Greek government to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.
New Synagogue (Ostrów Wielkopolski)
The New Synagogue (Polish: Nowa Synagoga) is a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 21 Raszkowska Street, in Ostrów Wielkopolski ([ˈɔstruf vjɛlkɔˈpɔlski]), in the Greater Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Designed by Moritz Landé in the Moorish Revival style and completed in 1860, the former synagogue is located in the city's center, which was the northern edge of the former Jewish district.

Used as a synagogue until World War II when the building's interior was desecrated by Nazis in September 1939, the former synagogue building was used for profane purposes during and after the war, fully restored by the local community, and repurposed as an education institution since 2013. It is the only preserved synagogue in Ostrów Wielkopolski and it is the most precious monument of religious architecture in the town.

Ostrów Wielkopolski
Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɔstruv vjɛlkɔˈpɔlskʲi] ⓘ; often abbreviated Ostrów Wlkp., formerly called simply Ostrów;  Latin: Ostrovia) is a city in west-central Poland with  inhabitants 68 949 (2024), situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship; the seat of Ostrów Wielkopolski County. It is the fifth-largest city in the voivodeship after Poznań, Kalisz, Piła and Konin.

It is located in the Kalisz Region in the south-eastern part of historic Greater Poland.
Sicilians
Sicilians (Sicilian: Siciliani) are an Italian ethnographic group who are native to Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy.

Functional urban area
The functional urban area (FUA), previously known as larger urban zone (LUZ), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban. It consists of a city and its commuting zone, which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.

The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region." To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the FUA boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban area.
23rd Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line)
The 23rd Street station is a local station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of 23rd Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in Manhattan. It is served by the F train at all times, the M train during weekdays, and the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction.

The 23rd Street station of the IND Sixth Avenue Line shares entrances with the 23rd Street station of the PATH, which is located in between this station's two platforms.

Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation in New York State responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in Downstate New York, along with two counties in southwestern Connecticut under contract with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its seven toll bridges and two tunnels per weekday.
Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Flying Dutchman
The Flying Dutchman was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics program in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California. Seven races were scheduled. 34 sailors, on 17 boats, from 17 nations competed.

Flying Dutchman (dinghy)
The Flying Dutchman is a Dutch planing sailing dinghy that was designed by Uus Van Essen and Conrad Gülcher as a high performance, one design racer and first built in 1951.

The boat was an Olympic sailing class from 1960 until 1992.
Żerechowa
Żerechowa [ʐɛrɛˈxɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęki Szlacheckie, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Łęki Szlacheckie, 20 km (12 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęki Szlacheckie
Łęki Szlacheckie (Polish pronunciation: [ˈwɛŋkʲi ʂlaˈxɛtskʲɛ]) is a village in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łęki Szlacheckie. It lies approximately 26 km (16 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
2001 Central American Games
The VII Central American Games (Spanish: VII Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos) was a multi-sport event that took place between 22 November and 3 December 2001.

The games were opened by Harris Whitbeck as a
delegate for Guatemalan president Alfonso Portillo.  Torch lighter was
Taekwondo fighter Euda Carías.

Central American Games
The Central American Games (Spanish: Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos) are a multi-sport regional championships event, held quadrennial (every 4 years), typically in the first year after  Summer Olympics. The Games are open for member federations of the Central American Sports Organization (Spanish: Organización Deportiva Centroamericana) ORDECA  in Central American countries.  (in Spanish)

The Games have had an equivalent to the Olympic Flame, being ignited in Q'umarkaj, one of the ancient cultural Mayan centers located in El Quiché,  Guatemala. However, some people and organizations have criticised the games for not including the Mesoamerican ballgame, the oldest ball sport in the continent, on the sports programme.

The competition is the second multi-sport event to have the name: the Central American and Caribbean Games began life in 1926 as the Central American Games and had this moniker until it expanded its remit in 1935.
Boulder Towers
Boulder Towers is a large commercial building complex in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The complex consists of two twin high-rise buildings, Boulder Towers East Tower and Boulder Towers West Tower, which both rise 253 feet (77 m). Each building contains 15 floors. The complex was originally constructed in 1960, consisting of only the West Tower; the East Tower was constructed in 1980. The Boulder Towers currently stand as the tallest twin towers in Tulsa and the state of Oklahoma. In addition, as of October, 2018, they are tied as the 18th-tallest buildings in Tulsa. The Boulder Towers are the 6th-tallest modern style skyscrapers in the city, behind the Cityplex Tower, the First Place Tower, the University Club Tower, Cityplex West Tower and the Liberty Towers complex.

First Place Tower
First Place Tower is a skyscraper located at 15 East Fifth in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Tower side completed in 1973 and has 41 stories.  The midrise section of the building was built in 1949 and is 20 stories tall. At 516 feet (157 m) in height, it is the third tallest building in Tulsa behind BOK Tower and Cityplex Towers, and the fourth tallest in Oklahoma. Although it shares an address with the adjacent First National Bank Building, it faces Boston Avenue.

From 2006 to 2017 it was owned by Maurice Kanbar, a California entrepreneur who had extensive holdings in downtown Tulsa until he sold a portfolio of his holdings, including this building, in 2017 to his operating partner, Stuart Price.
Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's marathon
The women's marathon athletics events for the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place in the streets of Rio de Janeiro on the 18 September. A total of two events were contested over this distance for three different disability classifications.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Selone
In chemistry, a selone (also known as a selenoketone) is the structural analog of a ketone where selenium replaces oxygen. Their primary application is for chemical analysis.

Selenium-77 is one of the isotopes of selenium that is stable and naturally occurring, so selenoketone-containing chemicals can be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Selones can be used as chiral derivatizing agents for 77Se-NMR. Chiral oxazolidineselones can be used for stereoselective control of aldol reactions, analogous to the Evans aldol reaction that uses oxazolidinones, which allows 77Se-NMR to be used to determine the diastereomeric ratio of the aldol product.

Selenobenzophenone reversibly dimerizes. It is known to undergo cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes in reactions similar to the Diels-Alder reactions.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
1993 Paris Open
The 1993 Paris Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 21st edition of the Paris Masters, and was part of the ATP Championship Series, Single-Week of the 1993 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 1 November through 8 November 1993. Ninth-seeded Goran Ivanišević won the singles title.

The draw was headlined by world No. 1 Pete Sampras, Jim Courier, and Boris Becker. Other top seeds were Michael Stich, Sergi Bruguera, Stefan Edberg, Michael Chang, and Goran Ivanišević.

1993 ATP Tour
The IBM Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the elite tour for professional men's tennis organized by the ATP tour. The IBM ATP Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments (organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Championship Series, Single Week, the ATP Championship Series, the ATP World Series, the ATP World Team Cup, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP Tour World Championships and the Grand Slam Cup (organized by the ITF).
Ławny Lasek
Ławny Lasek [ˈwavnɨ ˈlasɛk] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Piecki, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Piecki, 25 km (16 mi) south of Mrągowo, and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Piecki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Piecki [ˈpjɛt͡ski] is a village in Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Piecki. It is located in Masuria.
Adultcentrism
Adultcentrism is the exaggerated egocentrism of adults, including the belief that an adult perspective is inherently better (when compared to that of children). It is used to describe the conditions facing children and youth in schools, homes, and community settings; however, adultcentrism is not always based on a notion of being good or bad, in contrast to adultism.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Civic space
Civic space is created by a set of universally-accepted rules, which allow people to organise, participate and communicate  with each other freely and without hindrance, and in doing so, influence the political and social structures around them. It is a concept central to any open and democratic society and means that states have a duty to protect people while respecting and facilitating  the fundamental rights to associate, assemble peacefully and express views and opinions.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.
NetLogic Microsystems
NetLogic Microsystems, Inc. was a fabless semiconductor company that developed high performance products for data center, enterprise, wireless and wireline infrastructure networks. The company was founded in 1995 by Norman Godinho and Varad Srinivasan, became a public company on the NASDAQ exchange (ticker symbol: NETL) under the leadership of CEO Ronald Jankov in July 2004 and was acquired by Broadcom Corporation for $3.7 billion in February 2012.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Experience Corps
AARP Foundation Experience Corps is an intergenerational, volunteer-based tutoring program that engages adults age 50 and older as literacy tutors for struggling students in public schools. The program aims to empower volunteers to serve in their community and work with America's most vulnerable children.

As part of a network of branches and affiliates, each AARP Foundation Experience Corps site operates one of three tutoring models: one -to -one, small group, and literacy assistance (where volunteers tutor and help teachers with classroom-wide activities). Local community organizations implement the program with the support of the AARP Foundation Experience Corps national office.

Volunteers provide an average of 6–15 hours of support each week per week in the classroom, coaching and encouraging children who are not yet reading at grade level.

AmeriCorps
AmeriCorps (/əˈmɛrɪkɔːr/ ə-MERR-ih-kor; officially the Corporation for National and Community Service or CNCS) is an independent agency of the United States government that engages more than five million Americans in service through a variety of stipended volunteer work programs in many sectors. These programs include AmeriCorps VISTA, AmeriCorps NCCC, AmeriCorps State and National, AmeriCorps Seniors, the Volunteer Generation Fund, and other national service initiatives. It was created by the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993. In September 2020, the agency rebranded itself as AmeriCorps, although its official name is unchanged.
Umataka Jōmon Museum
Umataka Jōmon Museum (馬高縄文館, Umataka Jōmon-kan) opened in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan in 2009. It serves as the guidance facility for Umataka-Sanjūinaba Site and exhibits flame- and crown- type vessels and finds from other Jōmon sites in the area, including Fujihashi Site.

Fujihashi Site
The Fujihashi Site (藤橋遺跡, Fujihashi Iseki) is an archaeological site containing the remnants of a late to final Jōmon period settlement located in the Nishizumachi neighborhood of the city of Nagaoka, Niigata in the Hokuriku region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1978.
National Assembly (Djibouti)
11°35′45″N 43°08′55″E﻿ / ﻿11.595916472648423°N 43.14861465874951°E﻿ / 11.595916472648423; 43.14861465874951

The National Assembly, formerly known as the Chamber of Deputies, is the unicameral parliament of the Republic of Djibouti. Established under Title V of the 1992 Constitution, it consists of 65 members who are elected by direct and secret universal suffrage and cannot simultaneously serve in the Government. Elections are scheduled to be held once every five years, normally on the last Friday of February. The most recent elections were held on 24 February 2023.

Ministries of Djibouti
The Ministries of Djibouti are headed by the Cabinet. It runs the day-to-day operations of the Government of Djibouti. The Council of Ministers is in turn appointed by the President, the actual head of government, on the proposal of the Prime Minister, who serves as its most senior minister.
Urumqi-Almaty through train
Kazakhstan Railways 013Х/014ЦТ, numbered as K9795/9796 in China is an international K-train co-operated by KTJ Almaty and CR Urumqi, it is the first train between China and Kazakhstan from 1992. The KTJ train departs every Sunday from Almaty-2 and arrives at Urumqi the next day, the journey last for 30 hrs 47 mins and the return journey last for 31 hrs 51 mins, arriving Almaty-2 on Wednesday. CR Urumqi joined the service in 1993, the train no. in Kazakhstan is 103Ц/104ЦА. CR trains depart Urumqi every Saturday and arrives at Almaty-2 next day, the journey is 25 hrs 26 mins, and will return from Almaty-2 on Monday, arriving Urumqi the next day, which last for 21 hrs 49 mins. The distance traveled by two companies are 1359 km for KTJ and 1048 km for CR.

China Railway International Intermodal Passenger Train
China Railway International Intermodal Passenger Train is a passenger train service that jointly operates with Korean State Railway (KSR), Laos–China Railway (LCR), Ulaanbaatar Railway (UBTZ), Russian Railways (RZD), Vietnam Railways (VNR) and Kazakhstan Railways (KTZ) running between Mainland China and neighbouring countries.