hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pterostichus melanarius
Pterostichus melanarius, the rain beetle, is a type of carabid (ground beetle) of the genus Pterostichus. It is native to Europe but is increasingly found in North America after being introduced to the region in the 1920s. It is a predatory beetle that eats other invertebrates, which makes it a valuable pest control agent in agricultural settings. Additionally, the beetle has wing dimorphism which has contributed to its increasing distribution across North America.

The larvae of this species of beetle have been observed exhibiting cannibalistic behaviorisms in high population densities. The rain beetle's habitat is influenced by their hunger level, with starved beetles preferring larger prey ranges compared to satiated beetles.

Pterostichus
Pterostichus is a very large genus of ground beetles with a Holarctic distribution in the subfamily Harpalinae. It has over 1,200 species. The beetles are predatory, but sometimes feed on strawberries. They can be found under rocks and prefer slightly moist, sandy soil although preferences differ between species.
Zun
The zun or yi, used until the Northern Song (960–1126) is a type of Chinese ritual bronze or ceramic wine vessel with a round or square vase-like form, sometimes in the shape of an animal, first appearing in the Shang dynasty. Used in religious ceremonies to hold wine, the zun has a wide lip to facilitate pouring. Vessels have been found in the shape of a dragon, an ox, a goose, and more. One notable zun is the He zun (Chinese: 何尊) from the Western Zhou.

Ma Chengyuan
Ma Chengyuan (Chinese: 马承源; 3 November 1927 – 25 September 2004) was a Chinese archaeologist, epigrapher, and president of the Shanghai Museum. He was credited with saving priceless artifacts from destruction during the Cultural Revolution, and was instrumental in raising funds and support for the rebuilding of the Shanghai Museum. He was a recipient of the John D. Rockefeller III Award, and was awarded the Legion of Honour by French President Jacques Chirac.

Ma was an authority on ancient Chinese bronzes and published more than 80 books and academic papers, including a 16-volume encyclopedia of the bronzes. He was responsible for recovering ancient relics including the Jin Hou Su Bianzhong and Warring States period bamboo strips, which are now considered China's national treasures.
Hub Culture
The Hub Culture website is a marketing facade containing a collection of unpopulated project spaces, and a storefront with assets priced in its pretend currency Ven, that self identifies as a social networking service. It was founded in 2002, and is located in Bermuda. It appears to have no social presence online beyond self promotional content. Stalnaker positions Hub Culture as part of various zeitgeists through creating popup network lounges at corporate events and creating online marketing content.

Ven (currency)
Ven (symbol: VEN) is a private digital accounting unit and internal credit system issued by Hub Culture Ltd. Launched in 2007 by promoter Stan Stalnaker, the unit is presented as a representative money system for the Hub Culture social network. The company claims Ven's value is derived from a proprietary, weighted basket of fiat currencies, commodities, and carbon credits; however, as the ledger is centralized and closed to public audit, there is no independent verification of these reserves. While marketed as the "first digital currency" to trade in regulated Forex markets (notably a brief stint on the LMAX Exchange in 2014), it lacks liquidity on major public exchanges and primarily functions as an internal medium of exchange.
Keelyn Stewart
Keelyn Mai Stewart (born 10 October 2007) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Calgary Wild FC in the Northern Super League. Born in Canada, she has also represented Wales at youth international level.

Canada Soccer National Development Centres
The Canada Soccer National Development Centre and Canada Soccer EXCEL programs are full-time women's soccer development programs run by the Canadian Soccer Association in partnership with the various provincial associations to develop Canadian women's soccer players as part of the Canadian women's soccer pathway. There are three National Development Centres in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia and Regional EXCEL programs in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

The four National Development Centres enter teams in each of the four regions of Canada's tier 3 Premier Soccer Leagues Canada leagues: Ontario Premier League, British Columbia Premier League, Ligue1 Québec, and Alberta Premier League.
Episesarma
Episesarma is a genus of swimming crabs species in the family Sesarmidae. The name "Episesarma" is derived from the Greek prefix "epi-" meaning "upon" or "on," indicating their habitat preference for areas such as mangrove roots or other surfaces within coastal ecosystems. "Episesarma" refers to crabs that are often found on or upon various surfaces in mangrove habitats.

Sesarmidae
The Sesarmidae are a family of crabs, previously included in the Grapsidae by many authors. Several species, namely in Geosesarma, Metopaulias, and Sesarma, are true terrestrial crabs. They do not need to return to the sea even for breeding.
Pat Studstill
Patrick Lewis Studstill Jr. (June 4, 1938 – October 16, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver, punter and return specialist. He played 12 years in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions (1961–1967), Los Angeles Rams (1968–1971), and New England Patriots (1972). He led the NFL with 457 punt return yards in 1962. In 1966, he led the league in both receiving yards (1,266) and punting yards (3,259). He also tied an NFL record in 1966 with a 99-yard touchdown reception.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Hillsong United: Live in Miami
Live in Miami is the eleventh live album/DVD by contemporary Christian worship band Hillsong United, released on 14 February 2012 through their own label. The album was recorded at the American Airlines Arena on 6 August 2011 as part of their tour promoting their second studio album, Aftermath (2011).

Their first live album since Across the Earth (2009), Live in Miami contains eight songs from Aftermath, two songs from first studio album All of the Above, and several songs from previous live albums. Unlike previous live recordings, the album does not contain new songs. The album peaked in the Top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

Aftermath (Hillsong United album)
Aftermath (stylised as 'aftər,maθ), formerly known as  This Means Love, is the second studio album by Australian Contemporary Christian band Hillsong United. Production for the album began in March 2010 at Studios 301 in Sydney, Australia. It was announced on 10 November 2010, that coinciding with the Aftermath album release in February, Hillsong United would tour the United States and Canada in February and March 2011.

Aftermath debuted at number one on the US Billboard Christian Albums chart and at number 17 on the US Billboard 200 chart. In the United States, it ranked as the 17th best-selling Christian Album of 2011. The first single of the band, "Search My Heart", was released from the album on 21 January 2011 and appeared on the Billboard Christian Songs chart.
Cibola County Correctional Center
Cibola County Correctional Center is a privately owned minimum-security prison, located at 2000 Cibola Loop in Milan, Cibola County, New Mexico.

The facility first opened in 1993 as a county prison with capacity to house state prisoners, and was then acquired and expanded by the Corrections Corporation of America in 1998.  It has a capacity of 1129 inmates.  Until October 2016 it housed federal minimum-security prisoners under a contract with the United States Federal Bureau of Prisons and the United States Marshal Service. but was soon re-opened under a new contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

This facility is unrelated to Western New Mexico Correctional Facility, also in Cibola County, operated by the New Mexico Corrections Department with an inmate capacity of 440.

New Mexico Corrections Department
The New Mexico Corrections Department (NMCD; Spanish: Departamento de Correcciones de Nuevo México) is a state agency of New Mexico, headquartered in unincorporated Santa Fe County, near Santa Fe. It the department operates corrections facilities, probate and parole programs, a prisoner reentry services, and an offender database.
Autochthon (ancient Greece)
In ancient Greece, the concept of autochthones (from Ancient Greek αὐτός autos "self," and χθών chthon "soil"; i.e. "people sprung from earth itself") means the indigenous inhabitants of a country, including mythological figures, as opposed to settlers, and those of their descendants who kept themselves free from an admixture of colonizing entities.

In mythology, autochthones are those mortals who have sprung from the soil, rocks and trees. They are rooted and belong to the land eternally.

Arcadia (region)
Arcadia (/ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/; Greek: Ἀρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía) is a region in the central Peloponnese, Greece. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas, and in Greek mythology it was the home of the gods Hermes and Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness; as such, it was referenced in popular culture.

The modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region, but is slightly larger.
Puerto Princesa Cathedral
Immaculate Conception Cathedral Parish, commonly known as Puerto Princesa Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Puerto Princesa, Palawan in western Philippines. It is in the Neo-Gothic architectural tradition and is the mother church of the Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa which covers the municipalities of Palawan west of Puerto Princesa City. It is located at the border of Barangay Matiyaga Poblacion and Liwanag Poblacion, near the Port of Puerto Princesa. At 118° east longitude, it is the westernmost cathedral in the country.

Port of Puerto Princesa
The Port of Puerto Princesa is the Palawan baseport of the Philippine Ports Authority. It is located about Latitude 09° 44"N, Longitude 118° 43"E, on the western side of Puerto Princesa, westward of Princesa Strait, and the western side of Palawan Island. The port lies 558 meters from a coral reef on the southern portion of Bancao-Bancao Point. Its sea distance from Manila is 370.6 nautical miles (686.4 km). The Port of Puerto Princesa is a major port of entry at the island-province of Palawan.

Puerto Princesa City is located in the middle of the big stretch of the island, and as such, serves as the hub of transport (of goods and passengers) activities for both the northern and southern municipalities of the province.
RTI-371
3β-(4-Methylphenyl)-2β-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]tropane (RTI-4229-371) is a phenyltropane derived drug which acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor in vitro, yet unusually for this class of compound, both RTI-371 and the closely related compound RTI-370 failed to produce locomotor stimulation in mice. In addition to this, in drug substitution tests RTI-370 weakly generalized to cocaine whereas RTI-371 did not generalize at all.

This phenomenon has also been observed for other dopamine reuptake inhibitors from other classes. It may be caused by lack of BBB penetration, or interactions at alternative receptor sites.

Phenyltropane
Phenyltropanes (PTs) were originally developed to reduce cocaine addiction and dependency. In general these compounds act as inhibitors of the plasmalemmal monoamine reuptake transporters. This research has spanned beyond the last couple decades, and has picked up its pace in recent times, creating numerous phenyltropanes as research into cocaine analogues garners interest to treat addiction.
Jacob Bernstein
Jacob Bernstein (February 24, 1885 – December 21, 1959) was an American chess master.

Born into a Jewish family in Kaunas, Lithuania, he lived in New York. He won three consecutive New York State Chess Championships (1920–1922), and shared 1st with Herman Steiner in 1929, but lost a tiebreak to him.

He also tied for 8–9th at New York 1913 (Rice tournament, José Raúl Capablanca won),
tied for 5–6th at New York 1915 (Capablanca won), tied for 7–8th at New York 1916 (Rice tournament, Capablanca won), 
and lost a match to Abraham Kupchik (1.5 : 3.5) at New York 1916.

After World War I, he tied for 3–6th at New York 1922 (Edward Lasker won),
took 13th at Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) 1923,
and tied for 7–10th at Pasadena 1932 (Alexander Alekhine won).

He married Yiddish stage actress Nellie Casman in 1948, and lived in New York City. They remained married until his death in 1959.

Herman Steiner
Herman Steiner (April 15, 1905 – November 25, 1955) was an American chess player, organizer, and columnist.
He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950.
Even more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast.
An exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.
Wilfrid Sim
Sir Wilfrid Joseph Sim KBE MC OStJ QC (3 November 1890 – 5 November 1974) was a New Zealand lawyer and soldier.

Sim was born in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand in 1890. William Sim was his father. Before WWI, he lived in Dunedin and when his former business partner, John Findlay, was hesitant to take him on again after the war, Sim moved to Christchurch and joined Duncan, Cotterill and Company as a partner.

Sim was appointed King's Counsel on 19 July 1939 and moved to Wellington. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of St John in 1946. In the 1951 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for public services. In 1953, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

Sim was a Christchurch City Councillor from 1925 to 1927. He was a member of the National Party and served as its president for seven years from 1944 to 1951.

Henry Cotterill (lawyer)
Henry Cotterill (16 March 1855 – 2 December 1943) was a New Zealand cricketer who played three matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury between 1875 and 1885, and worked as a lawyer in Christchurch for more than 60 years. His law firm, Duncan Cotterill, is the largest in the South Island as of 2020.
Coronavirus 3′ UTR
Coronavirus genomes are positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecules with an untranslated region (UTR) at the 3′ end which is called the 3′ UTR. The 3′ UTR is responsible for important biological functions, such as viral replication. The 3′ UTR has a conserved RNA secondary structure but different Coronavirus genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Deltacoronaviruses) have different structural features described below.

Coronavirus 3′ UTR pseudoknot
The Coronavirus 3′ UTR pseudoknot is an RNA structure found in the coronavirus genome. Coronaviruses contain 30 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes. The 3′ UTR region of these coronavirus genomes contains a conserved ~55 nucleotide pseudoknot structure which is necessary for viral genome replication.  The mechanism of cis-regulation is unclear, but this element is postulated to function in the plus-strand.

Other RNA families identified in the coronavirus include the coronavirus frameshifting stimulation element, the coronavirus 3′ stem-loop II-like motif (s2m) and the coronavirus packaging signal.
Gmina Sadki
Gmina Sadki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Sadki, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Nakło nad Notecią and 38 km (24 mi) west of Bydgoszcz.

The gmina covers an area of 153.69 square kilometres (59.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,149.

Nakło County
Nakło County (Polish: powiat nakielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nakło nad Notecią, which lies 28 km (17 mi) west of Bydgoszcz and 70 km (43 mi) west of Toruń. The county contains three other towns: Szubin, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Nakło nad Notecią, Kcynia, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Nakło nad Notecią, and Mrocza, 12 km (7 mi) north of Nakło nad Notecią.

The county covers an area of 1,120.48 square kilometres (432.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 84,786, out of which the population of Nakło nad Notecią is 18,281, that of Szubin is 9,556, that of Kcynia is 4,657, that of Mrocza is 4,350, and the rural population is 49,605.
Remuera League Football Club
The Remuera League Football Club was a rugby league club which existed from 1914 to 1915 before being revived in 1927. They fielded teams in 1928 and 1929 before ceasing to exist. They competed in the Auckland Rugby League lower grade competitions and were based in Remuera in central Auckland, New Zealand.

City Newton Dragons
The City Newton Dragons are a defunct New Zealand rugby league club that was based at Victoria Park, Auckland. The club was created in 1948 by a merger of two original clubs, the City Rovers and Newton Rangers. Both the Rovers and the Rangers participated in the inaugural Auckland Rugby League competition in 1910. In 2004, the club was absorbed by the Ponsonby Ponies, who play a match in the City Newton colours annually to keep the heritage of the club alive.
Harry Hansen (author)
Harry Hansen (December 26, 1884 – January 3, 1977) was an American journalist, editor, literary critic and historian. He is notable as one of the many authors who wrote for the Random House Landmark Series of children's history during the 1950s and 1960s and he also edited the World Book from 1950 to 1965.

Newberry Library
The Newberry Library is an independent research library specializing in the humanities, located in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It has been free and open to the public since 1887.
Cape Spencer Lighthouse (South Australia)
Cape Spencer Lighthouse is a lighthouse in the Australian state of South Australia located on Cape Spencer on the Yorke Peninsula in gazetted locality of Inneston.  The navigation aid was originally established as an automatic beacon which was first lit in late 1950, was established after a lengthy period of lobbying of the Australian government.  The automatic beacon was replaced in 1975 by an automatic lighthouse facility.

Yorke Peninsula
The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula is separated from Kangaroo Island to the south by Investigator Strait.

The most populous town in the region is Kadina; Maitland is the most central town; and the south-western tip is occupied by Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park.
Palaung language
Palaung or Ta'ang (Burmese: ပလောင်ဘာသာ), also known as De'ang (Chinese: 德昂語; Burmese: တအာင်းဘာသာ), is an Austroasiatic dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries. The Palaung people are divided into Palé (Ruching), Rumai, and Shwe, and each of whom have their own language. The Riang languages are reported to be unintelligible or only understood with great difficulty by native speakers of the other Palaung languages.

A total number of speakers is uncertain; there were 150,000 Shwe speakers in 1982, 272,000 Ruching (Palé) speakers in 2000, and 139,000 Rumai speakers at an unrecorded date. Palaung was classified as a "severely endangered" language in UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. The Rulai dialect spoken near Lashio has regular phonological changes and some lexical differences from Ruching.

Tadahiko Shintani
Tadahiko Shintani (Japanese: 新谷 忠彦, romanized: Shintani Tadahiko, born October 1946) is a Japanese linguist and Professor Emeritus of the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, specializing in the phonology of New Caledonian languages and Southeast Asian languages.
Aziz Diya
Abdul Aziz Zia al-Din Zahid Murad, also known as Aziz Diya (1914–1997), was a prominent Saudi writer, critic, translator, journalist and broadcaster. He was a member of the Culture and Arts Association, a founding member of the Jeddah Literary Club, co-founder of the Okaz newspaper, and worked with Saudi Radio as a political commentator. He joined the military in 1928, then transferred to general security. He assumed several governmental positions, the most prominent of which was his appointment as Director of Airlines during his tenure in the Ministry of Defence, Aviation and the General Inspectorate. He assumed as well the position of Deputy Director of Public Security for Investigation Affairs. Passports and Nationality at the Ministry of Interior.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Kingdom of Valabhi
The Kingdom of Valabhi was an early medieval kingdom in Western India from 475 to 776. It was founded by Bhatarka, a general in the Gupta Empire, and ruled by the Maitraka dynasty.

Following the decline of the Gupta Empire,  Bhaṭārka, the military governor of the Saurashtra region, founded the Maitraka dynasty in 475. He was followed by his son Dharasena I, who also used the title of senapati (commander). His son, Droṇasiṁha proclaimed himself Maharaja. Guhasena (r. 556–570) stopped recognising the suzerainty of the emperor of Magadha and his son, Dharasena II started using the sovereign title of Maharajadhiraja.

The kingdom came under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Kannauj during the reign of Harsha following which the kingdom became independent again after his death in 647. The kingdom collapsed in 776 after prolonged Arab invasions.

Eran
Eran is an ancient town and archaeological site in the Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was one of the ancient mints for Indian dynasties as evidenced by the diverse coins excavated here. The site has 5th and 6th-century Gupta era temples and monuments, particularly the colossal stone boar with sages and scholars depicted on the body of the sculpture. The inscription stones found at Eran are important to reconstructing the chronology of Gupta Empire history. Eran or Erakina was the capital of Erakina (Airikina) Pradesha or Airkina Vishaya, an administrative division of the Gupta Empire.