hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bruno Kaiser
Bruno Kaiser (5 February 1911 – 27 January 1982) was a Marxist scholar of German studies who became a journalist and, during the Nazi period, a resistance activist. In his later years he became, in addition, a distinguished librarian.

Vossische Zeitung
The Vossische Zeitung (Voss's Newspaper) was a nationally known Berlin newspaper that represented the interests of the liberal middle class. It was also generally regarded as Germany's national newspaper of record. In the Berlin press it held a special role due to the fact that by way of its direct predecessors it was the oldest newspaper in the city. The name went back to Christian Friedrich Voss, who was its owner from 1751 to 1795, but Vossische Zeitung became its official name only after 1911. It ceased publication in 1934 under pressure from the Nazi state.
Standards Commission for Scotland
The Standards Commission for Scotland is an independent body that has the purpose of advancing high ethical standards in public life. Its main tool is the promotion and enforcement of Codes of Conduct for councillors (approved by the Scottish Parliament) and those appointed to devolved public bodies.

The Standards Commission is concerned with ethical conduct. It deals with complaints of misconduct against individual members. It does not deal with issues of maladministration; these are matters for the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman.

The Commission was established under the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.  The Commission Members are appointed by the Scottish Parliament but are expected to be independent of government in its workings. The current convener is Suzanne Vestri.

Scottish Funding Council
The Scottish Funding Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Maoineachaidh na h-Alba; SFC), formally the Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council, is the non-departmental public body charged with funding Scotland's further and higher education institutions, including its 26 colleges and 19 universities.

The council was established by the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 2005. It supersedes the two separate funding councils, the Scottish Further Education Funding Council (SFEFC) and the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council (SHEFC), which were established by the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 1992. On its formation, the SFC acquired all employees and assets of those councils.: (Sch. 1 ss. 7–9)
Look Up (Ringo Starr album)
Look Up is the twenty-first studio album by English singer-songwriter Ringo Starr. It was released on 10 January 2025 through Universal Music Enterprises. It marks his first studio album since What's My Name (2019). A country music album, it features guest appearances from Billy Strings, Molly Tuttle, Lucius, and Larkin Poe, as well as writing and production contributions from T Bone Burnett. The album peaked at number one on the UK Country album chart and number 147 on the Billboard 200.

What's My Name (Ringo Starr album)
What's My Name is the twentieth studio album by English singer-songwriter Ringo Starr. It was released on 25 October 2019 through Roccabella and Universal Music Enterprises. The album was again recorded at Roccabella West, Starr's home studio, and features collaborations with Joe Walsh, Benmont Tench, Edgar Winter, Steve Lukather, Richard Page, and Warren Ham. It also includes a cover of John Lennon's "Grow Old with Me", on which Starr invited Paul McCartney to sing and play bass guitar, and a solo version by Starr of "Money (That's What I Want)", a Motown song previously recorded by the Beatles.
Salim Neisari
Salim Neisari (Persian: سلیم نیساری) was an Iranian Professor of Persian literature and a permanent member of Academy of Persian Language and Literature. He was born on 12 December 1920 in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran and died on 12 January 2019 in Paris, France. He authored the first books on teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers.

Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (Persian: وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی, Vezârat-e Farhang va Ershâd-e Eslâmi) ("Ministry of CIG") is a ministry responsible for managing access to media that, in the view of the Iranian government or the ministry, violates Iranian ethics or promotes values alien to Iranian culture. This may include internet censorship.  It also manages the alignment of religion and the law of the country. It was formed by the merger of the Ministry of Culture and Art and the Ministry of Information and Tourism.
Chlorophyll c
Chlorophyll c refers to forms of chlorophyll found in certain marine algae, including the photosynthetic Chromista (e.g. diatoms and brown algae) and dinoflagellates. These pigments are characterized by their unusual chemical structure, with a porphyrin as opposed to the chlorin (which has a reduced ring D) as the core; they also do not have an isoprenoid tail. Both these features stand out from the other chlorophylls commonly found in algae and plants.

It has a blue-green color and is an accessory pigment, particularly significant in its absorption of light in the 447–520 nm wavelength region. Like chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, it helps the organism gather light and passes a quanta of excitation energy through the light harvesting antennae to the photosynthetic reaction centre.

Chlorophyll c can be further divided into chlorophyll c1, chlorophyll c2, and chlorophyll c3, plus at least eight other more recently found subtypes.

Chlorophyllide
Chlorophyllide a and chlorophyllide b  are the biosynthetic precursors of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b respectively. Their propionic acid groups are converted to phytyl esters by the enzyme chlorophyll synthase in the final step of the pathway. Thus the main interest in these chemical compounds has been in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyllide a is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophylls.
San Bartolomé, Las Palmas
San Bartolomé (Spanish meaning Saint Bartholomew) is a town and municipality in the Canary Islands (Spain) situated in the centre of the island of Lanzarote. The municipality of San Bartolomé stretches to the southeastern coast of the island.

It has an area of 40.89 square kilometres (15.79 sq mi) and, as of 2019, a population of 18,816, resulting in a population density of 460/km2. Its altitude is 240 metres above sea level.

The town is located northwest of Arrecife, the island's capital, to which it is connected by the LZ-20 road. The municipality lies southwest of Teguise, southeast of Tinajo, which includes the Timanfaya National Park, and northeast of Tías. The municipality also includes the coastal town of Playa Honda to its southeast, located between Arrecife and Lanzarote Airport.

Most of the inhabitants work as craftsmen, farmers or in the service for tourism which is the biggest economic factor on Lanzarote.

Teguise (municipality)
Teguise (pronounced [teˈɣise]) is a municipality in the central part of the island of Lanzarote in the Las Palmas province in the Canary Islands. The population is 22,342 (as of 1 January 2019), and the area is 263.98 km2. It is located north of Arrecife and south of Haría. The seat of the municipality is the town of Teguise. The municipality also comprises a number of neighbouring islands including Graciosa (with 733 inhabitants in 2019), Alegranza, Roque del Este, Roque del Oeste and Montaña Clara.

The artist and architect César Manrique was born in the area. The insect of the island is the cochineal from which carmine, a dye, is extracted.
Food Paradise season 6
The sixth season of Food Paradise, an American food reality television series narrated by Jess Blaze Snider (formally Mason Pettit) on the Travel Channel, premiered on April 8, 2015. First-run episodes of the series aired in the United States on the Travel Channel on Mondays at 10:00 p.m. EDT. The season contained 6 episodes and concluded airing on April 22, 2015.

Food Paradise features the best places to find various cuisines at food locations across America. Each episode focuses on a certain type of restaurant, such as "Diners", "Bars", "Drive-Thrus" or "Breakfast" places that people go to find a certain food specialty.

Travel Channel
Travel Channel (stylized as Trvl Channel since 2018) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, who previously owned the channel from 1997 to 2007. The channel is headquartered in Manhattan, with offices in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

Travel Channel features documentaries, reality, and how-to shows related to travel and leisure around the United States and throughout the world. Programming has included shows on African animal safaris, tours of grand hotels and resorts, visits to significant cities and towns around the world, programming about various foods around the world, and programming about ghosts and the paranormal in notable buildings.

As of November 2023, Travel Channel is available to approximately 67,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2011 peak of 96,000,000 households.
Ramat HaNadiv
Ramat HaNadiv (Hebrew: רמת הנדיב, Heights of the Benefactor), is a nature park and garden in northern Israel, covering 4.5 km (3 mi) at the southern end of Mount Carmel between Zikhron Ya'akov to the north and Binyamina to the south. The Jewish National Fund planted pine and cypress groves in most of the area.

Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Hebrew: הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, romanized: Har haKarmel; Arabic: جبل الكرمل, romanized: Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (Arabic: جبل مار إلياس, romanized: Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit. 'Mount Saint Elias/Elijah'; Hebrew: הַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: Har haQadosh Eliyahu), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes.
Subdivisions of Alentejo
Alto Alentejo Province (1936–1976)

Baixo Alentejo Province (1936–1976)

Alentejo Region (NUTS 2 region)
Alto Alentejo Subregion (NUTS 3 region), in Alentejo - Portalegre District + some municipalities
Baixo Alentejo Subregion (NUTS 3 region), in Alentejo
Alentejo Litoral Subregion (NUTS 3 region), in Alentejo
Alentejo Central Subregion (NUTS 3 region), in Alentejo
Lezíria do Tejo Subregion (NUTS 3 region), in Ribatejo

Alto Alentejo Province 1936

Baixo Alentejo Province 1936

Alentejo Region (NUTS II)

Lezíria do Tejo Subregion

Alto Alentejo Subregion

Baixo Alentejo Subregion

Alentejo Litoral Subregion

Alentejo Central Subregion

Alentejo Litoral
The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alentejo Litoral (European Portuguese: [ɐlẽˈtɛʒu lituˈɾal]; "Intermunicipal Community of Littoral Alentejo") is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in May 2009. It is also a NUTS3 subregion of the Alentejo Region. The seat of the intermunicipal community is Grândola. Alentejo Litoral comprises municipalities of both the Beja District and the Setúbal District. The population in 2011 was 97,925, in an area of 5,309.41 km2.
Mahvash
Mahvash (Persian: مهوش), born Masoumeh Azizi Borujerdi (Persian: معصومه عزيزى بروجردى), was an Iranian singer, dancer, film actress and stage performer. She came from a poor family and was lauded as a singer (performer) of the people in the 1950s.

Iranian dance
Dances in Iran or Iranian dances (Persian: رقص ایرانی) are dance styles indigenous to Iran. Genres of dance in Iran vary depending on the area, culture, and language of the local people, and can range from sophisticated reconstructions of refined court dances to energetic folk dances. The population of Iran includes many ethnicities, such as Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Arabs, Baluchis, Turkmen, Armenian, Georgian peoples, in addition to numerous Iranian tribal groups which can be found within the borders of modern-day Iran. Each group, region, and historical epoch has specific dance styles associated with it.
Boxberg, Rhineland-Palatinate
Boxberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔksˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Kelberg
Kelberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is home to its seat. Kelberg is a state-recognized climatic spa.
2019 Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament
The 2019 Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament was held from May 22 through 25.  All eight baseball-sponsoring schools in the conference participated in the double-elimination tournament held at Illinois State's Duffy Bass Field in Normal, Illinois.  The winner of the tournament, Indiana State, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Duffy Bass Field
Duffy Bass Field is a baseball venue in Normal, Illinois, USA.  It is home to the Illinois State Redbirds baseball team of the Division I Missouri Valley Conference.  It was built in 1988 and has a capacity of 1,200 spectators, 1,000 of which is seated. The field is also home to the University High School Pioneers baseball team.
Ed Brisson
Ed Brisson is a Canadian comics writer and letterer who has written for independent comics, Marvel Comics, and DC Comics. He has been nominated for the Joe Shuster Award for Best Canadian Writer several times.

Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic-book-reading experience. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story's title lettering, creator credits, and any specialized captions that appear on the story's first page. They also craft the lettering that appears in the word balloons, also designing the various sound effects that appear within the comic book story. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.
Diallel cross
A diallel cross is a mating scheme used by plant and animal breeders, as well as geneticists, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of quantitative traits.

In a full diallel, all parents are crossed to make hybrids in all possible combinations. Variations include half diallels with and without parents, omitting reciprocal crosses. Full diallels require twice as many crosses and entries in experiments, but allow for testing for maternal and paternal effects. If such "reciprocal" effects are assumed to be negligible, then a half diallel without reciprocals can be effective.

Common analysis methods utilize general linear models to identify heterotic groups, estimate general or specific combining ability, interactions with testing environments and years, or estimates of additive, dominant, and epistatic genetic effects and genetic correlations.

Maternal effect
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from the genotype of the mother, irrespective of its own genotype, often due to the mother supplying messenger RNA or proteins to the egg. Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent of genotype, sometimes controlling the size, sex, or behaviour of the offspring. These adaptive maternal effects lead to phenotypes of offspring that increase their fitness. Further, it introduces the concept of phenotypic plasticity, an important evolutionary concept. It has been proposed that maternal effects are important for the evolution of adaptive responses to environmental heterogeneity.
Evansville Braves
The Evansville Braves was the primary nickname of a minor league baseball team based in Evansville, Indiana 1938–1942 and 1946–1957, playing in the Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League. Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees Bob Uecker and Warren Spahn played for Evansville during this era.

Evansville Otters
The Evansville Otters are a professional baseball team based in Evansville, Indiana.  They compete in the Frontier League (FL) as a member of the Central Division. Since their relocation from Lancaster, Ohio in 1995, the Otters have played at Bosse Field, which originally opened in 1915. The Otters are the oldest current team in the Frontier League and have reached the postseason fourteen times, winning Frontier League championships in 2006 and 2016.
278th Armored Cavalry Regiment
The 278th Armored Cavalry Regiment (278th ACR, "Third Tennessee"), previously the 117th Infantry Regiment, is an armored brigade combat team of the Tennessee Army National Guard with headquarters in Knoxville, Tennessee. It is the only National Guard Armored Cavalry Regiment and one of only two in the entire US Army order of battle, the other being the active duty 11th ACR. The unit traces its lineage from the volunteer militias of Eastern Tennessee and has participated in conflicts from the Revolutionary War to the Iraq War (2004-05 and 2009-10). In May 2025, the Pentagon announced that the 278th Armored Cavalry Regiment will convert to a Mobile Brigade Combat Team.

Alcoa, Tennessee
Alcoa is a city in Blount County, Tennessee, United States. Its population was 10,978 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Knoxville, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As its name suggests, Alcoa was the site of a large aluminum smelting plant owned and operated by the Alcoa corporation (Aluminum Company of America). Formerly known as North Maryville, the town was incorporated under its present name in 1919.
Roox
Roox is a village in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia. Situated in the Galdogob District just to the west-northwest of Bacadweyn, it is located about 40 km northeast of the city of Galdogob. The area is mainly occupied in small-scale farming.

Bacadweyn
Bacadweyn is a  town in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia. It is mainly occupied in small-scale farming. It is administered by Puntland State. 
Secondary schools in the area include Ba'ad Weyn Secondary.
Halifax and South Western Railway
The Halifax and South Western Railway (reporting mark H&SW) was a historic Canadian railway operating in the province of Nova Scotia.

The legal name of this railway was the Halifax & South Western Railway, as is defined in various Acts of the Nova Scotia Legislature, such as 1902 c.1, Act respecting the Halifax & South Western Railway Co.. However, Halifax & Southwestern Railway is also sometimes also used.

The H&SW was created in spring 1901 when William Mackenzie and Donald Mann approached the provincial government with plans to finish the abortive plans for a railway from Halifax to Yarmouth along the province's South Shore. For many years, the line had significant curvature throughout its length, a result of the rugged local topography, which earned it the moniker, "Hellish Slow & Wobbly".

Intercolonial Railway
The Intercolonial Railway of Canada (reporting mark IRC), also referred to as the Intercolonial Railway (ICR), was a historic Canadian railway that operated from 1872 to 1918, when it became part of Canadian National Railways. As the railway was also completely owned and controlled by the Government of Canada, the Intercolonial was also one of Canada's first Crown corporations.
Trade unions in Cape Verde
Trade unions in Cape Verde have operated in three distinct periods: prior to the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, from 1975 to 1990 under the single-party rule of the PAIGC/PAICV and since 1990 under a pluralistic party and trade union environment. While the constitution protects the right to organise and form unions without restriction, the right to strike is curtailed.: 502  Two national trade union centres presently exist: the Cape Verde Confederation of Free Trade Unions (CCSL) and the National Union of Workers of Cape Verde - Central Union (UNTC-CS).

UNTC-CS
The UNTC-CS (Portuguese: União Nacional dos Trabalhadores de Cabo Verde – Central Sindical, "National Union of Workers of Cape Verde - Central Union") is a national trade union centre in Cape Verde with 21 affiliated unions.
Valentin Kolumb
Valentin Khristoforovich Kolumb (Mari and Russian: Валентин Христофорович Колумб, 3 May 1935, Mizener - 8 December 1974) was a Mari poet.

He was also a translator, translating works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, William Shakespeare, Sándor Petőfi, Nikolay Nekrasov, Alexander Blok, Sergei Yesenin, Aleksandr Tvardovsky and others into Mari.

Mari people
The Mari (/ˈmɑːri/ MAR-ee), also formerly known as the Cheremis or Cheremisses, are a Finno-Ugric people in Eastern Europe, who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia. They live mostly in the Mari El republic, with significant minorities in Bashkortostan, Perm Krai, Tatarstan and Udmurtia. Mari make up 40.1% of the population of Mari El.
2017 Volta Limburg Classic
The 2017 Volta Limburg Classic was a one-day road cycling race that took place on 1 April 2017. It was the 44th edition of the Volta Limburg Classic and was rated as a 1.1 event as part of the 2017 UCI Europe Tour.

The race was won by Marco Canola (Nippo–Vini Fantini).

2017 UCI Europe Tour
The 2017 UCI Europe Tour was the thirteenth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2017 season began on 26 January 2017 with the Trofeo Santanyí-Ses Salines-Campos and ended on 17 October 2017 with the Nationale Sluitingsprijs.

Belgian rider Baptiste Planckaert (Wallonie-Bruxelles–Group Protect), who scored 1,605 points in the 2016 edition, was the defending champion of the UCI Europe Tour.

Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis) won the overall standings for the second time in three years; Wanty–Groupe Gobert won the team classification, while France won both the overall nations' title and the under-23 equivalent.
Electra complex
In neo-Freudian psychology, the Electra complex, as proposed by Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung in his Theory of Psychoanalysis, is a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father. In the course of her psychosexual development, the complex is the girl's phallic stage; a boy's analogous experience is the Oedipus complex. The Electra complex occurs in the third—phallic stage (ages 3–6)—of five psychosexual development stages:  the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital—in which the source of libido pleasure is in a different erogenous zone of the infant's body.

The idea of the Electra complex is not widely used by mental health professionals today. There is little empirical evidence for it, as the theory's predictions do not match scientific observations of child development. It is not listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Latency stage
The latency stage is the fourth stage of Sigmund Freud's model of a child's psychosexual development. Freud believed that the child discharges their libido (sexual energy) through a distinct body area that characterizes each stage. The latency stage is the fourth of the five Freudian psychosexual development stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital.