hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HD 38858
HD 38858 is a star in the Orion constellation. It is a G-type main-sequence star, located at a distance of about 50 light-years. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.97, so it can be seen by the naked eye only in sufficiently dark skies.

This system was observed for a dust disc or comet belt in 2009 by the Spitzer Space Telescope; a belt was inferred at 102 AU. It has an inclination of 48°.

The star exhibits a magnetic activity cycle remarkably similar to that of the Sun, with a period of 10.8 years.

G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence star of spectral type G. The spectral luminosity class is V.  Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about 5,300 and 6,000 K (5,000 and 5,700 °C; 9,100 and 10,000 °F).  Like other main-sequence stars, a G-type main-sequence star converts the element hydrogen to helium in its core by means of nuclear fusion.

The Sun is an example of a G-type main-sequence star (more specifically a G2V star). Each second, the Sun fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium in a process known as the proton–proton chain (4 hydrogens form 1 helium), converting about 4 million tons of matter to energy. Besides the Sun, other well-known examples of G-type main-sequence stars include Alpha Centauri, Tau Ceti, and 51 Pegasi.
Chlorosilane
In inorganic chemistry, chlorosilanes are a group of reactive, chlorine-containing chemical compounds, related to silane (SiH4) and used in many chemical processes. Each such chemical has at least one silicon-chlorine (Si−Cl) bond. Trichlorosilane is produced on the largest scale. The parent chlorosilane is silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4).

Trimethylsilyl chloride
Trimethylsilyl chloride, also known as chlorotrimethylsilane is an organosilicon compound (silyl halide), with the formula (CH3)3SiCl, often abbreviated Me3SiCl or TMSCl.  It is a colourless volatile liquid that is stable in the absence of water. It is widely used in organic chemistry.
Ángel Azteca
Juan Manuel Zúñiga (June 24, 1963 – March 18, 2007) was a Mexican professional wrestler, or Luchador as they are called in Spanish, best known for working under the ring name Ángel Azteca (Aztec Angel) since the late 1980s. Zúñiga is not related to wrestlers "Ángel Azteca, Jr." and "Ángel Azteca II", instead they paid Zúñiga to use the name and image. As Ángel Azteca Zúñiga worked as an enmascarado, or masked wrestler, until losing a match against Arkangel de la Muerte in 2003 where he was forced to unmask.

Zúñiga died of a heart attack on March 18, 2007, only a few hours after wrestling in the main event of a local promotion.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
National Counter Terrorism Agency
The National Counter Terrorism Agency (Indonesian: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme, lit. 'National Agency for Counter Terrorism'; abbreviated as BNPT) is an Indonesian non-ministerial government department that works to prevent terrorism.

Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid or Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (Indonesian: جماعة أنصار التوحيد, lit. 'Helpers of Tawhid Congregation', abbreviated as JAT) was a splinter cell of the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations and the United States. The latter is most known for perpetrating the 2002 Bali bombings along with Azahari Husin and Noordin Mohammad Top, both Malaysian terrorist kingpin.
2022 Bugaya by-election
The 2022 Bugaya by-election was a by-election held on 19 November 2022 for the Sabah State Legislative Assembly seat of Bugaya. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Manis Muka Mohd Darah on 17 November 2020. Manis Muka was a 2-term state assemblywoman first elected at the 2018 Sabah state election. She was a member of the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN).

The by-election was to be held within 60 days after the seat was declared vacant, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah, then Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin advised the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to declare an emergency to postpone the by-election. The emergency proclamation was eventually revoked on 7 October 2022. The by-election was held concurrently with the 2022 Malaysian general election and the 2022 Malaysian state elections for the state assemblies of Pahang, Perak and Perlis.

2022 Malaysian state elections
State elections in 2022 were held in Johor in March 2022 after the dissolution of the legislative assembly in January 2022. On 10 October 2022, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced in a special announcement on television that the Dewan Rakyat would be dissolved, hence paving way for the 15th General Election. Additionally, he recommended that other states with the exception of Johor, Malacca, Sarawak & Sabah do the same.

Consequently, Barisan Nasional Chairman, Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi proclaimed that BN-led states (Perlis, Pahang & Perak) would be dissolved simultaneously.

On 14 October 2022, the Perlis and Pahang state legislatures were dissolved.
Ballingarry, North Tipperary
Ballingarry  (Irish: Baile an Gharraí) is a civil parish and a townland in the barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary in Ireland. It is located on the N52 between Borrisokane and Birr. Ballingarry townland has an area of 5.3 square kilometres (2 sq mi), and had a population of 170 people as of the 2011 census.

Borrisokane
Borrisokane (Irish: Buiríos Uí Chéin, meaning 'the burgage of the Cianacht') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is 15 km north of Nenagh, at the junction of the N52 and N65 roads. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 1,117. The Ballyfinboy River flows through the town on its way to Lough Derg, 12 km (7 mi) to the west. It is also a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower and an Ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.
NGC 6328
NGC 6328 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ara. It is classified as SAB(s)ab in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the British astronomer John Herschel on 2 May 1835. NGC 6328 is located at about 199 million light years away from Earth.

Ara (constellation)
Ara (Latin for "the Altar") is a southern constellation between Scorpius, Telescopium, Triangulum Australe, and Norma. Under its Greek name Βωμός, Bōmǒs, it was one of the 48 classical constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations designated by the International Astronomical Union.

The orange supergiant Beta Arae is the brightest star in Ara, with a near-constant apparent magnitude of 2.85, and is marginally brighter than the blue-white Alpha Arae. Seven star systems are known to host planets. Sunlike Mu Arae hosts four known planets. Gliese 676 is a (gravity-paired) binary red dwarf system with four known planets.

The Milky Way crosses the northwestern part of Ara. Within the constellation is Westerlund 1, a super star cluster that contains the red supergiant Westerlund 1-26, one of the largest stars known.
Bayesian model reduction
Bayesian model reduction is a method for computing the evidence and posterior over the parameters of Bayesian models that differ in their priors. A full model is fitted to data using standard approaches. Hypotheses are then tested by defining one or more 'reduced' models with alternative (and usually more restrictive) priors, which usually – in the limit – switch off certain parameters. The evidence and parameters of the reduced models can then be computed from the evidence and estimated (posterior) parameters of the full model using Bayesian model reduction. If the priors and posteriors are normally distributed, then there is an analytic solution which can be computed rapidly. This has multiple scientific and engineering applications: these include scoring the evidence for large numbers of models very quickly and facilitating the estimation of hierarchical models (Parametric Empirical Bayes).

Marginal likelihood
A marginal likelihood is a likelihood function that has been integrated over the parameter space. In Bayesian statistics, it represents the probability of generating the observed sample for all possible values of the parameters; it can be understood as the probability of the model itself and is therefore often referred to as model evidence or simply evidence.

Due to the integration over the parameter space, the marginal likelihood does not directly depend upon the parameters. If the focus is not on model comparison, the marginal likelihood is simply the normalizing constant that ensures that the posterior is a proper probability. It is related to the partition function in statistical mechanics.
Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
The Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major is an American 28-cylinder four-row radial piston aircraft engine designed and built during World War II. At 4,362.5 cu in (71.5 L), it is the largest-displacement aviation piston engine to be mass-produced in the United States, and at 4,300 hp (3,200 kW) the most powerful. The prototype first ran on 28 April 1941, with production-standard engines running in 1944. It was the last of the Pratt & Whitney Wasp family, and the culmination of its maker's piston engine technology.

The war was over before it could power airplanes into combat. It powered many of the last generation of large piston-engined aircraft before turbojets, but was supplanted by equivalent (and superior) powered turboprops (such as the Allison T56).

Its main rival was the twin-row, 18-cylinder, nearly 3,350 cu in (54.9 L) displacement, up to 3,700 hp (2,800 kW) Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone, first run some seven years earlier (May 1937).

Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airliners) and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. The company is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation. In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world.
Banaj Kumar Majumder
Banaj Kumar Majumder (Bengali: বনজ কুমার মজুমদার; born 1 January 1967) is a Bangladeshi retired police officer. He was additional IGP of the Bangladesh Police and former chief of the Police Bureau of Investigation. Prior to joining PBI, he was additional commissioner of Chattogram Metropolitan Police in the rank of additional DIG. He came into limelight when he was SP of Cox's Bazar District.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.
Department of Physics (Columbia University)
The Department of Physics is an academic department at Columbia University in New York City, New York, United States.

The department includes approximately 40 faculty members teaching and conducting research in the areas of astrophysics, high energy nuclear physics, high energy particle physics, atomic-molecular-optical physics, condensed matter physics, and theoretical physics.

This research is conducted in Pupin Hall and the Shapiro Center for Engineering and Physical Sciences Research (CEPSR), both on the university's Morningside Heights campus, Nevis Labs upstate, and at a number of other affiliated institutions. The department is connected with research conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratories and at CERN.

Columbia has approximately 20 undergraduate physics majors and is home to about 100 graduate students.

Jack Steinberger
Jack Steinberger (born Hans Jakob Steinberger; May 25, 1921 – December 12, 2020) was a German-born American physicist noted for his work with neutrinos, the subatomic particles considered to be elementary constituents of matter. He was a recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Leon M. Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, for the discovery of the muon neutrino. Through his career as an experimental particle physicist, he held positions at the University of California, Berkeley, Columbia University (1950–68), and the CERN (1968–86). He was also a recipient of the United States National Medal of Science in 1988, and the Matteucci Medal from the Italian Academy of Sciences in 1990.
Amcol International Corporation
On February 14, 2014, AMCOL International Corporation announced that it has signed a merger agreement with Imerys. The merger, however, was terminated after AMCOL received a rival bid from Minerals Technologies, which AMCOL, deemed to be a superior bid.

On May 9, 2014, Minerals Technologies Inc., a New York Based international minerals supplier, acquired all the outstanding shares of AMCOL International Corporation. Minerals Technologies is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MTX.

AMCOL International Corp. was a specialty materials and chemicals manufacturer based in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States. AMCOL International is no longer traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

Hoffman Estates, Illinois
Hoffman Estates is a village mostly in Cook County, Illinois, United States with a very small portion in Kane County, Illinois. It is a suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 52,530.

The village previously served as the headquarters for Sears and is one of the American headquarters for Mori Seiki. Now Arena, home of the Windy City Bulls of the NBA G League, is located in the village. Between 2006 and 2009, the village hosted the Heartland International Tattoo, one of the largest music and dance festivals of its kind in the Midwest.
Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres
The men's K-4 1000 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics program. The official report did not make clear on the two semifinals and final which events were the men's K-2 1000 m event and the men's K-4 1000 m event and would thus create confusion to the average reader.

Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics
The canoeing competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona was composed of 16 events (12 for men and 4 for women) in two disciplines, slalom and sprint.  The slalom events returned to the Olympic program after a 20-year absence, since the 1972 Munich Games. Slalom events took place at La Seu d'Urgell while the sprint events took place at Castelldefels.
Faithful (1936 film)
Faithful is a 1936 British musical drama film, directed by Paul L. Stein and starring Jean Muir and Hans Söhnker.

The film was made by Warner Brothers at Teddington Studios as a quota quickie production, with an original screenplay by Brock Williams and music by Pierre Neuville. Faithful is now classed as a lost film.

The plot deals with two pupils from a provincial music conservatory who elope, marry, and come to London to try their luck. The husband becomes a singer in a nightclub, and is soon targeted by a predatory socialite. They start an affair, the wife finds out about it and decides to leave her husband, until matters are smoothed over by a third-party who wishes the couple well.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.
Al-Shajara, Syria
Al-Shajara (Arabic: الشجرة, also spelled ash-Shajarah) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located west of Daraa, in between the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights and Jordan. Nearby localities include Saham al-Jawlan to the east, Nafia to the north, Jamla to the northwest and Beit Ara to the southwest. The village center has an elevation of 410 meters (1,350 ft) above sea level.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Shajara had a population of 6,567 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the al-Shajara nahiyah (subdistrict) which consisted of 17 localities with a combined population of 34,206 in 2004.

Gottlieb Schumacher
Gottlieb Schumacher (21 November 1857 – 26 November 1925) was an American-born civil engineer, architect and archaeologist of German descent, who was an important figure in the early archaeological exploration of Palestine.
Kuppam Assembly constituency
Kuppam Assembly constituency is a constituency in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency.

N. Chandrababu Naidu is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2024, there are a total of 2,25,977 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1955, as per the Delimitation Orders (1955).

Chittoor district
Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It had a population of 18,72,951 at the 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is at Chittoor City. The major cities/towns in the district are Chittoor, Nagari, Palamaner, and Kuppam.
1986 Cork Junior A Football Championship
The 1986 Cork Junior A Football Championship was the 88th staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 9 November 1986 at Charlie Hurley Park in Bandon, between Kilmurry and Valley Rovers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilmurry won the match by 0–06 to 0–05 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in six years.

1895 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1895 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.

The final was played on 13 October 1895 at the Town Park in Mallow, between William O'Briens and Dromtarriffe. William O'Briens won the match by 0–04 to 0–01 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.
Arhopala kurzi
Arhopala kurzi is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by William Lucas Distant in 1885. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Peninsular Malaya).

A. kurzi  above entirely resembles a small Arhopala inornata  and likewise exhibits the marking in the marginal area of the forewing beneath almost entirely extinct, but the colouring of the under surface
is much darker, of a deep bark-coloured brown.

Arhopala inornata
Arhopala inornata is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1860. 
It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

In males the upperside of both wings is rather bright violet-purple. The forewings have a  linear brown costa and outer margin. The hindwings have a broadish brown costa and linear outer margin. On the underside both wings are greyish brown, with slightly darker markings palely encircled. In females the upperside of both wings is pale violet, with a broad brown costa and outer margins increasing towards the apex, which is largely brown in the forewings.
Embroidered lace
Embroidered lace is embroidered  on a base using a needle. The base varies according to the type.

Many techniques use a net, either woven or knotted. The net varies:

Woven fabric with threads removed to make a grid (Reticella, Buratto)

Machine made hexagonal net (Limerick,  Needlerun net, Tambour)

Knotted square net (either hand-made or machine-made) (Filet)

Sol laces are embroidered in a circular pattern on radiating spokes of threads. These include Tenerife lace and Ñandutí lace.

19C Limerick lace wedding veil

Filet lace being worked.

Tambour lace from Lier

Ñandutí lace from Asunción Paraguay

Tenerife lace

Filet lace
Filet lace is the general word used for all the different techniques of embroidery on knotted net (or in French broderie sur filet noué). It is a hand made needlework created by weaving or embroidery using a long blunt needle and a thread on a ground of knotted net lace or filet work made of square or diagonal meshes of the same sizes or of different sizes. Lacis uses the same technique but is made on a ground of leno (a woven fabric) or small canvas (not a knotted lace), and the style known as Buratto is similarly on woven and not knotted foundations.
Choking Doberman
The Choking Doberman is an urban legend that originated in the United States. The story involves a protective pet found by its owner gagging on human fingers lodged in its throat. As the story unfolds, the dog's owner discovers an intruder whose hand is bleeding from the dog bite.

Jan Harold Brunvand, a folklorist and professor emeritus of English at the University of Utah, wrote about this and other urban legends in his book The Choking Doberman and Other "New" Urban Legends published in 1984 by W.W. Norton & Company. He provided the reader with several varying accounts of the story. While the basic elements of the story remain the same in each version, the details, such as the number of fingers found, the breed of dog, and the condition of the intruder when discovered change slightly.

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.