hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugo Celmiņš
Hugo Celmiņš (30 October 1877 – 30 July 1941) was a Latvian politician, a public employee, agronomist, twice the Prime Minister of Latvia (19 December 1924 – 23 December 1925, and 1 December 1928 – 26 March 1931). Arrested and deported to the USSR after the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940, imprisoned in Moscow's Lefortovo Prison. On 30 July 1941 shot and buried in the mass graves of Kommunarka shooting ground. Hugo Celmiņš was one of those who developed agrarian reform in Latvia.

Prime Minister of Latvia
The prime minister of Latvia (Latvian: ministru prezidents) is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, who presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The officeholder is nominated by the president of Latvia, but must be able to obtain the support of a parliamentary majority in the Saeima.

The tables below display all Latvian prime ministers from both the first period of Latvian independence (1918–1940) and since the country regained its independence (1990–present). From 1990 to 6 July 1993, the head of government was known as the chairman of the Council of Ministers.

A direct translation of the official Latvian term is minister-president. Although the equivalent is used in some European languages, it is not used conventionally in English.
Villa delle Peschiere
Villa Pallavicino delle Peschiere is a 16th-century villa in Genoa, Northwestern Italy, built in 1560 for the nobleman Tobia Pallavicino. It is situated in via San Bartolomeo degli Armeni 25, in the quarter of Castelletto, in an area that, at the time when the villa was built, was still outside of the city walls. After the urban expansion of the 19th century, it is now located in the center of the city. The villa still belongs to the Pallavicino family.

Via Giuseppe Garibaldi (Genoa)
Via Giuseppe Garibaldi is a street in the historical centre of Genoa, in Northwestern Italy, well known for its ancient palaces. It is one of the Strade Nuove (Italian for "new streets") built by the Genoese aristocracy during the Renaissance. Since July 2006 it is inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site Genoa: the Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli.
Pharell Nash
Pharell Nash (born 7 February 2008) is a Dutch professional football player who plays as a winger for Eredivisie club Ajax and the Netherlands U18 national team. A product of the Ajax Youth Academy, he made his senior debut for the club in December 2025.

Jong Ajax
Jong Ajax (Dutch pronunciation: [jɔŋ ˈaːjɑks]; lit. 'Young Ajax'), also referred to as Ajax II or Ajax 2, is the reserve team of Ajax. Based at the club's training complex, Sportpark De Toekomst, in Amsterdam, it has competed in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch professional football, since 2013.

Jong Ajax is the only reserve side to have won a Dutch professional league title, claiming the 2017–18 Eerste Divisie with a squad that included Noussair Mazraoui, Noa Lang and Danilho Doekhi. Under national regulations, the team cannot be promoted to the Eredivisie or enter the KNVB Cup. Its primary purpose is to develop players for Ajax's senior squad.
Sweet Lou (horse)
Sweet Lou (foaled 2009) is a retired Standardbred Champion Pacing Stallion in the sport of harness racing. He was sired by Yankee Cruiser and out of the mare Sweet Future. In a two-year-old season in which Sweet Lou won ten of his twelve starts, he capped it off with a 7½ length win in the Breeders Crown 2YO Colt & Gelding Pace in a World Record time of 1:49 flat for the mile. He was voted the 2011 American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Pacer. He went on to a highly successful career in racing and added the 2014 American Champion Male Pacer and American Pacer of the Year awards to his résumé. Sweet Lou is the only horse in history to win six straight mile races in times faster than 1:48.

Dan Patch Award
The Dan Patch Award is an annual award created in 1985 by members of the United States Harness Writers Association (USHWA). The Association's website states that their members' determination is aided by input from the American Harness Racing Secretaries plus logistic expertise provided by the United States Trotting Association.
Urban planning in ancient Egypt
The use of urban planning in ancient Egypt is a matter of continuous debate. Because ancient sites usually survive only in fragments, and many ancient Egyptian cities have been continuously inhabited since their original forms, relatively little is actually understood about the general designs of Egyptian towns for any given period.

The Egyptians referred to most cities as either nwt or dmj. Nwt usually refers to unplanned cities that grew naturally, such as Memphis and Thebes, while dmj can be translated as "settlement" and usually refers to towns that were laid out along a plan. The archaeological evidence of such cities is best preserved, and has been most thoroughly delved, at El Lahun, Deir el-Medina, and Amarna, though some averment of urban planning exists at other sites as well.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
J. Robert Hayes
J. Robert Hayes (born February 28, 1932) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 39th district of the California State Assembly.

Hayes was born in Glendale, California. Hayes went to school in Los Angeles, and then attended Los Angeles City College. Hayes served in the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps Reserve. In 1978, he was elected for the 39th district of the California State Assembly. Hayes succeeded Jim Keysor. In 1980, he was succeeded by Richard Katz.

Richard Katz (politician)
Richard Katz (born August 16, 1950) is an American former politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Katz served in the California State Assembly for the 39th district from 1980 until 1996. Katz was Minority Leader of the Assembly between 1995 and 1996 being the most recent Democrat to hold the office, as Democrats have held a majority since 1996. As democratic leader he led the effort to take back the house in California. He also ran in the 1993 Los Angeles mayoral election, with James Carville serving as a consultant for his campaign. He still has an active role in political consulting throughout California.
Holtanna Peak
Holtanna Peak is a peak, 2,650 metres (8,700 ft) high, whose eastern portion is occupied by a small cirque glacier, standing 1 nautical mile (2 km) north of the Mundlauga Crags in the eastern part of Fenriskjeften Mountain in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Holtanna (the hollow tooth).

Mundlauga Crags
Mundlauga Crags is a group of 2,455 m (8,054 ft) high rock crags that form the south end of Fenriskjeften Mountain in the Drygalski Mountains, Queen Maud Land in Antarctica. They were mapped from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Mundlauga.
Algeria Benton de Reyna
Algeria Benton de Reyna Barrios (born c. 1869-April 20, 1915) was the First Lady of Guatemala and wife of President José María Reyna Barrios. Benton married Reina Barrios on May 17, 1886, at the consulate of Guatemala in New York, whose consul was Enrique Toriello.

First Lady of Guatemala
First Lady of Guatemala is the title held by the wife of the president of Guatemala or designee. The current first lady is Lucrecia Peinado, wife of President Bernardo Arévalo, since 15 January 2024.

In the First Lady's Office, located in the Presidential House, only the portraits of sixteen recognized former first ladies are exhibited.
Cameraria tubiferella
Cameraria tubiferella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kentucky, Maine, New York, Maryland and Pennsylvania in the United States.

The wingspan is about 8 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus species, including Quercus alba, Quercus michauxii and Quercus virginiana. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a tentiform mine on the upperside of the leaf. The very characteristic mine cannot be mistaken for that of any other species. The mine is often branched, the larva returning toward the beginning of the mine, and starting out anew in another direction.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Stöcklewald
The Stöcklewald is a mountain, 1,068.2 m above sea level (NHN), in the southern part of the Central Black Forest in Germany between the towns of Furtwangen and Triberg, each about 5 kilometres distant, in the county of Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis. Towards the north, the Black Forest only exceeds this height again in the area of the Schliffkopf and the Hornisgrinde.

Furtwangen im Schwarzwald
Furtwangen im Schwarzwald (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊʁtvaŋən ʔɪm ˈʃvaʁtsvalt], lit. 'Furtwangen in the Black Forest'; Low Alemannic: Furtwange im Schwarzwald) is a small city located in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. Together with Villingen-Schwenningen, Furtwangen is part of the district (German: Kreis) of Schwarzwald-Baar.
Gun laws in Poland
Polish law allows modern firearms ownership on a general shall-issue basis under police-issued permit for people who provide an important reason. Hunting, sport shooting, training and collecting are the most popular reasons and require membership in suitable organizations. Self-defense permits for civilians are chief exceptions to the rule, where a may-issue based permit is required. Antique black powder firearms or their replicas and most air guns are available without a permit. Firearm owners are subject to physical and mental health evaluations and domestic violence confiscation laws resembling U.S. red flag laws.

With approximately 2.5 civilian firearms per 100 people, Poland is the 167th most armed country in the world. Less than 0.8% of citizens have valid firearm permits.

Law of Poland
The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified.

The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the Civil Code of Poland. The Polish parliament creates legislation (law) and is made up of the Senat (upper house) and the Sejm (lower house).
UP Langreo
Unión Popular de Langreo is a Spanish football team based in Langreo, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1961, it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 1, holding its home games at Estadio Ganzábal in La Felguera, with a capacity of 4,024 seats.

Langreo
Langreo (Spanish pronunciation: [laŋˈɡɾeo]) or Llangréu (Asturian pronunciation: [ʎaŋˈɣɾew], locally [ʎaŋˈɣɾeo]) (Asturian) is a town and municipality in the Principality of Asturias in Spain. With a population of 38,265 as of 2024, it is the 4th-largest municipality of Asturias.

Langreo is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) south-east of Oviedo. It was an important mining and metallurgical center.
The Glory of Living
The Glory of Living is a 1996 play by Rebecca Gilman. The play received its world premiere production at the Circle Theatre Chicago in Forest Park, Illinois.  The play has won several awards and was a finalist for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Forest Park, Illinois
Forest Park (formerly Harlem) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a suburb of Chicago. The population was 14,339 at the 2020 census. The Forest Park terminal on the CTA Blue Line is the line's western terminus, located on the Eisenhower Expressway at Des Plaines Avenue. This makes it one of just two municipalities served by the Chicago "L" train network that does not directly border Chicago (the other being Wilmette).
Historiography of India
The historiography of India refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of India.

In recent decades there have been four main schools of historiography in how historians study India: Cambridge, Nationalist, Marxist, and subaltern. The once common "Orientalist" approach, with its image of a sensuous, inscrutable, and wholly spiritual India, has died out in serious scholarship.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) was established in 2010 in the United States to investigate the causes of the 2008 financial crisis. The commission, led by Phil Angelides, held public hearings, gathered testimony from hundreds, and released its report in January 2011.

The report concluded that "the collapse of the housing bubble—fueled by low interest rates, easy and available credit, scant regulation, and toxic mortgages—that was the spark that ignited" events leading to the financial crisis.

The commission was explicit in its concerns about insurance giant American International Group, financial giants Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, and mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, each of which the government brought under consideration for financial rescue.

Default (finance)
In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity. A national or sovereign default is the failure or refusal of a government to repay its national debt.

The biggest private default in history is Lehman Brothers, with over $600 billion when it filed for bankruptcy in 2008 (equivalent to over $860 billion in 2024). The biggest sovereign default is Greece, with $138 billion in March 2012 (equivalent to $197 billion in 2024).
Hazel Chu
Hazel Chung-fai Chu (born 3 November 1980) is an Irish Green Party politician who has been a member of Dublin City Council since May 2019. She was elected deputy leader of the Green Party on 28 January 2026. She was chair of the Green Party from December 2019 to December 2021. She was the first Irish-born person of Chinese descent elected to political office on the island of Ireland. She served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 2020 to 2021, and in doing so became the first person of Chinese ethnicity to be mayor of a European capital. She is the party's spokesperson for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform, Digitalisation & Media.

Catherine Martin (politician)
Catherine Martin (born 30 September 1972) is an Irish Green Party politician who served as Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from June 2020 to January 2025 and was deputy leader of the Green Party from June 2011 to July 2024. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Rathdown constituency from 2016 to 2024. She lost her seat at the 2024 general election.
Leiocephalus personatus
The Hispaniolan masked curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalus personatus) is a lizard species from the family of curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalidae). It is also known as the 
Hispaniolan masked curlytail, Haitian curlytail lizard and the green-legged curly-tail. endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.

Curly-tailed lizard
Leiocephalidae, also known as the curlytail lizards or curly-tailed lizards, is a family of iguanian lizards restricted to the West Indies.  One of the defining features of these lizards is that their tail often curls over. They were previously regarded as members of the subfamily Leiocephalinae within the family Tropiduridae. There are presently 30 known species, all in the genus Leiocephalus.
Encontro Irmandiño
Encontro Irmandiño (EI, Irmandiño Meeting in English) is a political organization that is part of Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood in Galicia, Spain. It used to be an internal current in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). EI was founded in 2007 and has an ideology based in Galician nationalism, direct democracy, anticapitalism, feminism and alter-globalization.

Anti-capitalism
Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose capitalism. Anti-capitalists seek to combat the worst effects of capitalism and to eventually replace capitalism with  alternative economic systems such as socialism and communism.
Askia Booker
Askia Toussaint Booker (born August 31, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Shenzhen Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes as a point guard. In his senior year in 2014–15, he earned second-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12.

Motor City Cruise
The Motor City Cruise are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Detroit, and are affiliated with the Detroit Pistons. The Cruise play their home games at Wayne State Fieldhouse. The franchise began play as the Long Beach Jam in 2003 under the revived American Basketball Association and moved to Bakersfield in the D-League in 2006 as the Bakersfield Jam. After ten years in Bakersfield, California, the franchise was moved to Prescott Valley, Arizona, in 2016 by the Phoenix Suns and were subsequently renamed the Northern Arizona Suns. In 2021, the team relocated to Detroit after being purchased by the Pistons.
John Daniel (printer)
John Daniel (1755? - 1823) was a Welsh printer. He is known to have been from the Carmarthenshire area, where his father was a farmer. Following an apprenticeship with John Ross of Carmarthen he moved to London to work for King's Printers. In 1784 however, he returned to Carmarthen where he set up a very successful business in King Street. In March 1810 he began the printing of the earlier issues of 'The Carmarthen Journal'. He is also thought, in 1797, to have been the first printer in Wales to print music in staff notation, when he produced 'Cyfaill mewn Llogell', by John Williams (1750? - 1807). Ifano Jones in his publication, 'History of Printing and Printers in Wales' refers to him as the best printer before the era of William Rees (of Llandovery), and William Spurrell (of Carmarthen).

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt
Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt, also known as Dál nAraidi of the North, was a Dál nAraidi petty-kingdom and dynasty located in the over-kingdom of Ulaid, in medieval Ireland. It derived from a branch of the ruling Uí Chóelbad dynasty of Dál nAraidi Magh Line that had conquered the petty kingdom of Eilne at some point in the 7th century. The last known king of Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt is recorded in 883, with the territory having been taken over by the 10th century by the Uí Tuirtrí.

Túath
Túath (plural túatha) is the Old Irish term for the basic political and jurisdictional unit of Gaelic Ireland. Túath can refer to both a geographical territory as well the people who lived in that territory.  The smallest túath controlled by a king was about the size of a later Irish barony (about 177sq miles) and kings with greater power would have two or more túatha under their control, according to A Smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) is an executive agency of the United Kingdom that is responsible for implementing British and international maritime law and safety policy. It works to prevent the loss of lives at sea and to prevent marine pollution. It is a subsidiary executive agency of the UK Department for Transport and responsible through the Secretary of State for Transport to Parliament. It is also responsible for land based search and rescue helicopter operations since 2015. Its motto is "Safer Lives, Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas". The organisation is currently led by Virginia McVea.

Secretary of State for Transport
The secretary of state for transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other transport ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for transport, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.

The position of secretary of state for transport is held by Heidi Alexander, who was appointed by Keir Starmer following the resignation of Louise Haigh.
Ensign (flag)
An ensign is a maritime flag that is used for the national identification of a ship. It is the largest flag and is generally flown at the stern (rear) of the ship while in port. Depending on the ship's origin, it may sometimes be identical with a jack on the bow of the ship when in a port. Jacks are more common on warships than on merchant ships.

Flag of Gibraltar
The flag of Gibraltar is an elongated banner of arms based on the coat of arms of Gibraltar, granted by Royal Warrant from Queen Isabella I of Castile on 10 July 1502. Gibraltar is unique as it is the only British Overseas Territory whose flag does not feature the Union Jack in any form, although the latter is widely flown as a standalone flag within the colony.