hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anorotsangana
Anorotsangana is a municipality (French: commune, Malagasy: kaominina) in north-western Madagascar over the Mozambique Channel. It is some 250 kilometres south of Antsiranana. It belongs to the district of Ambanja, which is a part of Diana Region. According to 2001 census the population of Anorotsangana was 5,250.

Only primary schooling is available in town. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 40% and 21.3% of the working population. The most important crops are coffee and coconut, while other important agricultural products are pepper and rice. Industry and services provide employment for 0.5% and 0.2% of the population, respectively. Additionally fishing employs 38% of the population.

Antsiranana
Antsiranana (Malagasy: Antsiranana Malagasy pronunciation: [antsʲˈraŋanə̥]), named Diego-Suarez prior to 1975, is a city in the far north of Madagascar. Antsiranana is the capital of Diana Region. It had an estimated population of 115,015 in 2013.
Iowa gambling task
The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is a psychological task thought to simulate real-life decision making.
It was introduced by Antoine Bechara, Antonio Damasio, Hanna Damasio and Steven Anderson, then researchers at the University of Iowa.   It has been brought to popular attention by Antonio Damasio (proponent of the somatic marker hypothesis) in his best-selling book Descartes' Error.

The IGT is thought to measure an individual's approach to risk-taking, impulsivity, and ability to delay short-term gratification to achieve long-term rewards.

The task was originally presented simply as the Gambling Task, or the "OGT".  Later, it has been referred to as the Iowa gambling task and, less frequently, as Bechara's Gambling Task. The Iowa gambling task is widely used in research of cognition and emotion. A recent review listed more than 400 papers that made use of this paradigm.

Antonio Damasio
Antonio Damasio (Portuguese: António Damásio; born 25 February 1944) is a Portuguese neuroscientist. He is currently the David Dornsife Chair in Neuroscience, as well as Professor of Psychology, Philosophy, and Neurology, at the University of Southern California, and, additionally, an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute. He was previously the chair of neurology at the University of Iowa for 20 years. Damasio heads the Brain and Creativity Institute, and has authored several books. Damasio's research in neuroscience has shown that emotions play a central role in social cognition and decision-making.
Eufrasia de Guzmán
Eufrasia de Guzmán (fl. 1592) was a Spanish courtier.  She was the long-term royal mistress of King Philip II of Spain.

She was the lady-in-waiting of Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal from 1550. She was the mistress of Philip in 1559–1564, when the king waited for his wife Elizabeth of Valois to be old enough to sexually consummate their marriage.

She had a son with Philip in 1564, after which Philip arranged a marriage for her (to a prince of Ascoli) and terminated the relationship.

Elisabeth of Valois
Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de Valois; 2 April 1546 – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as the third wife of Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
Lilou
Lilou is a French feminine given name. It is rising in popularity in France, where it is ranked in the top 50 names given to baby girls. It is sometimes considered a diminutive of the name Lily or a combination of the names Lily and Louise. It may also have originated as a short form of names ending in the sound "lee" such as Aurélie, Amélie, Aline, Élise, Élie, Coralie, or Liliane, following the French way of forming short forms of names by adding the suffix "ou" to affectionate names.

Actress Milla Jovovich played a character called Leeloo in the 1997 French science fiction film The Fifth Element, which might also have influenced use of the name in France.

Louise (given name)
Louise and Luise are, respectively, French and German feminine forms of the given name Louis. Louise has been regularly used as a female name in English-speaking countries since the middle of the 19th century. It has ranked among the top 100 names given to girls in France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden and Wales in recent years. It last ranked among the top 1,000 first names for girls born in the United States in 1991, but remains a more common middle name.
Niederschlesische Verkehrsgesellschaft
The Niederschlesische Verkehrsgesellschaft ("Lower Silesian Transport Company") or NVG operated bus services as a subcontractor of Regionalbus Oberlausitz in the area of the former Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis in the county of Görlitz until the end of 2017. The company's registered office is in Weisswasser.

Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
The Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis (German for Lower Silesian district of Upper Lusatia) was the easternmost Kreis (district) of both Saxony and Germany. Neighboring districts were (from south clockwise) Löbau-Zittau, Bautzen, Kamenz and the district Spree-Neiße in Brandenburg. The urban district Görlitz was in the east, at the border to Poland.
Dharma Mittra
Dharma Mittra is a guru of modern yoga and a student of Swami Kailashananda.

Mittra is known for his Master Yoga Chart of 908 Postures, each asana illustrated with a photograph of Mittra performing the pose. He has been teaching since 1967, and is director of the Dharma Yoga Center in New York City which he founded in 1975.

Modern yoga gurus
Modern yoga gurus are people widely acknowledged to be gurus of modern yoga in any of its forms, whether religious or not. The role implies being well-known and having a large following; in contrast to the old guru-shishya tradition, the modern guru-follower relationship is not secretive, not exclusive, and does not necessarily involve a tradition. Many such gurus, but not all, teach a form of yoga as exercise; others teach forms which are more devotional or meditational; many teach a combination. Some have been affected by scandals of various kinds.
Zakharoff Ridge
Zakharoff Ridge (72°55′S 75°7′E﻿ / ﻿72.917°S 75.117°E﻿ / -72.917; 75.117) is a ridge with several peaks, mostly snow-covered, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) southeast of Mount Harding in the Grove Mountains. Mapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) from air photos, 1956–60, it was named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for Oleg Zakharoff, radio officer at Mawson Station, in 1960.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Zakharoff Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Grove Mountains
72°45′S 75°0′E﻿ / ﻿72.750°S 75.000°E﻿ / -72.750; 75.000 
The Grove Mountains are a large, scattered group of mountains and nunataks extending over an area of approximately 40 by 20 miles (60 by 30 km), located 100 miles (160 km) east of the Mawson Escarpment in American Highland, Antarctica. They were first photographed from the air by aircraft of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Squadron Leader I.L. Grove, a Royal Australian Air Force pilot with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, who made a November 1958 landing in these mountains.
The Chariot of Death
The Chariot of Death is a large allegorical painting by Théophile Schuler. It was gifted to the Unterlinden Museum by the artist in 1862. Its inventory number is 88.RP.454. The painting is considered one of the most emblematic of the collection (which includes the world-famous Isenheim Altarpiece). A drawn copy of the painting is kept in the Cabinet des estampes et des dessins.

Isenheim Altarpiece
The Isenheim Altarpiece is an altarpiece sculpted and painted by, respectively, the Germans Nikolaus Hagenauer and Matthias Grünewald in 1512–1516. It is on display at the Unterlinden Museum at Colmar, Alsace, in France. It is Grünewald's largest work and is regarded as his masterpiece.

It was painted for the Monastery of St. Anthony in Issenheim near Colmar, which specialized in hospital work. The Antonine monks of the monastery were noted for their care of plague sufferers as well as for their treatment of skin diseases, such as ergotism. The image of the crucified Christ is pitted with plague-type sores, showing patients that Jesus understood and shared their afflictions. The veracity of the work's depictions of medical conditions was unusual in the history of European art.
Warszawa Reduta Ordona railway station
Warszawa Reduta Ordona railway station  is a railway station that lies between the Ochota and Wola districts of Warsaw, Poland. It serves the Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa system and was built in 1974 when Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa was realigned into the city centre along its present line.

Wola
Wola (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔla] ⓘ) is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a major financial district, featuring various landmarks and some of the tallest office buildings in the city.
English language in England
The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The language forms part of the broader British English, along with other varieties in the United Kingdom. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include English English and Anglo-English.

The related term British English is ambiguous, so it can be used and interpreted in multiple ways, but it is usually reserved to describe the features common to Anglo-English, Welsh English, and Scottish English.

England, Wales, and Scotland are the three traditional countries on the island of Great Britain. The main dialect of the fourth country of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, is Ulster English, which is generally considered a dialect of Hiberno-English.

John C. Wells
John Christopher Wells (born 11 March 1939) is a British phonetician and Esperantist. Wells is a professor emeritus at University College London, where until his retirement in 2006 he held the departmental chair in phonetics. He is known for his work on the Esperanto language and his invention of the standard lexical sets and the X-SAMPA encoding of the IPA.
GABA analogue
A GABA analogue is a compound which is an analogue or derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) (the IUPAC of which is 4-aminobutanoic acid).

Many GABA analogues are used as drugs, especially as anticonvulsants, sedatives, and anxiolytics.

Isovaleric acid
Isovaleric acid, also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid or β-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H.  It is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor.  The compound occurs naturally and can be found in many foods, such as cheese, soy milk, and apple juice.
St. John (crater)
St. John is an eroded lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. This crater is situated to the northeast of the huge walled plain Mendeleev, and southwest of the crater Kohlschütter. To the east of St. John is the small crater Mills.

This is a heavily worn and eroded crater formation that is now little more than an uneven depression in the surface. It is scarcely distinguishable from the surrounding terrain, except from the shadows cast by the outer rim. The interior floor is uneven and marked by a chain of three small craterlets near the midpoint.

The crater is named after Charles Edward St. John, an American astronomer.

Mendeleev (crater)
Mendeleev is a large lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, as seen from the Earth. The southern rim of this walled plain just crosses the lunar equator. Intruding into the eastern rim of Mendeleev is the crater Schuster. Nearly on the opposite side, the smaller Hartmann intrudes into west-southwestern rim.

The crater is named after the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.  Even after formal naming in 1961 by the IAU, the crater was known as Basin IX until the early 1970s.

Mendeleev is a basin of Nectarian age.  The interior plains of Mendeleev are covered with deposits of the Cayley Formation of Imbrian age.
Graeco-Armenian languages
Graeco-Armenian (or Helleno-Armenian) is the hypothetical common ancestor of Greek (or Hellenic) and Armenian branches that postdates the Proto-Indo-European language. Its status is somewhat similar to that of the Italo-Celtic grouping: each is widely considered plausible without being generally accepted. The hypothetical Proto-Graeco-Armenian stage would need to date to the 3rd millennium BC and would be only barely different from either late Proto-Indo-European or Graeco-Armeno-Aryan.

Italo-Celtic languages
In historical linguistics, Italo-Celtic is a hypothetical grouping of the Italic and Celtic branches of the Indo-European language family on the basis of features shared by these two branches and no others. There is controversy about the causes of these similarities. They are usually considered to be innovations, likely to have developed after the breakup of the Proto-Indo-European language. It is also possible that some of these are not innovations, but shared conservative features, i.e. original Indo-European language features which have disappeared in all other language groups. What is commonly accepted is that the shared features may usefully be thought of as Italo-Celtic forms, as they are certainly shared by the two families and are almost certainly not coincidental. The archaeological horizon with which a hypothetical Italo-Celtic language family is often associated, before the split between Italic and Celtic languages, is that of the Bell Beaker culture.
Quintus Maecius Laetus
Quintus Maecius Laetus was a Roman eques who flourished during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus and his sons. He was appointed to a series of imperial offices, including  praefectus or governor of Roman Egypt, and praetorian prefect. He is also known to have been consul in the year 215 as the colleague of Marcus Munatius Sulla Cerialis.

The origins of Maecius Laetus are unknown. He is documented to have been governor of Roman Egypt from 200 to 203. Eusebius alludes to a persecution of Christians during his prefecture, dating it to the tenth year of Septimius Severus' reign.

In 205 Laetus, together with Aemilius Papinianus, succeeded Gaius Fulvius Plautianus as praetorian prefect, remaining in this office until as late as 211. As a tribute to his loyalty and skill, he was adlected into the Senate, and afterwards acceded to the consulate. It is unclear whether Maecius Laetus had earlier received consular ornaments or was adlected inter consulares.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
Seletiva de Kart Petrobras
The Seletiva de Kart Petrobras is a karting competition in Brazil. The competition is promoted by former racing driver Paulo Carcasci, and sanctioned by the Brazilian autosports federation (Confederação Brasileira de Automobilismo).

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.
Zurich Tiefenbrunnen railway station
Zürich Tiefenbrunnen railway station (German: Bahnhof Zürich Tiefenbrunnen) is a railway station in the Swiss city of Zurich. It is located on the Lake Zurich right bank railway line, and is situated on the shore of Lake Zürich, in the Seefeld quarter of the city, on the border between fare zones 110 and 140 of ZVV.

The Zürichhorn lakeside park, with its Chinese Garden, Centre Le Corbusier, casino and steamer pier, lies some 700 metres (2,300 ft) north-west of the station.

Pavillon Le Corbusier
The Pavillon Le Corbusier is a Swiss art museum in Zürich-Seefeld at Zürichhorn dedicated to the work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier. In 1960, Heidi Weber had the vision to establish a museum designed by Le Corbusier. The building was to exhibit his works of art in an ideal environment created by the architect himself. It was then named the Centre Le Corbusier or Heidi Weber Museum. In April 2014 the building and museum went over to the city of Zürich, and was renamed in May 2016.
Scaleless black dragonfish
The scaleless black dragonfish (Melanostomias bartonbeani) also known as the scaleless dragonfish is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Stomiidae. It's native to the Eastern, Western and Northwest Atlantic, as well as the Indian and Pacific oceans. The species is mesopelagic. It can be found in depths of 25 to 2,000 m (82 to 6,562 ft).

Stomiidae
Stomiidae is a family of deep-sea ray-finned fish, including the barbeled dragonfishes, that live in all oceans in a wide range of depths. They are quite small, ranging around 15 to 26 centimetres (5.9 to 10.2 in) long, and they exhibit a strong sexual dimorphism. These fish are apex predators and have enormous jaws filled with fang-like teeth; their specially adapted neurocranium and upper-jaw system allows them to open their jaws to more than 100 degrees. This ability allows them to consume extremely large prey, often 50% greater than their standard length.
Cinnaminson station
Cinnaminson station is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Broad Street in Cinnaminson, New Jersey.

The station opened on March 15, 2004. Southbound service from the station is available to Camden, New Jersey. Northbound service is available to the Trenton Rail Station with connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfer to the PATCO Speedline is available at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.

The station is located across from the Cinnaminson Harbour condominium community. A pedestrian crosswalk provides access to the development, as well as to Bannard Street across the tracks.

Trenton Transit Center
Trenton Transit Center is the main passenger train station in Trenton, New Jersey. Located along the Northeast Corridor, it is served by Amtrak intercity trains plus NJ Transit and SEPTA Regional Rail trains. It is the southern terminus of the NJ Transit Northeast Corridor Line and the northern terminus of the SEPTA Trenton Line. It is also the northern terminus of the NJ Transit River Line service and a terminal for NJ Transit and SEPTA buses.
Renault R26
The Renault R26 is a Formula One racing car, used by the Renault F1 team in the 2006 Formula One season. The chassis was designed by Bob Bell, James Allison, Tim Densham and Dino Toso with Pat Symonds overseeing the design and production of the car as executive director of Engineering and Rob White leading the engine design. The car was driven by Fernando Alonso and Giancarlo Fisichella.

This was the first V8-powered Enstone-based Formula One car since the Benetton B194 in 1994.

Benetton B194
The Benetton B194 is a Formula One racing car designed by Rory Byrne for use by the Benetton team in the 1994 Formula One World Championship.

This was the last Ford-powered Benetton F1 car since the B187 in 1987.
Kristin Gjesdal
Kristin Gjesdal is a Norwegian philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at Temple University. She is known for her expertise in the field of hermeneutics (focusing especially on Hans-Georg Gadamer), nineteenth-century philosophy, aesthetics, and phenomenology. Gjesdal is a member of The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and she serves on the editorial board of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as a subject area expert for 19th Century Philosophy.

Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup Group A
Group A of the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup took place between 30 May and 3 June 2001. France won the group, and advanced to the knockout stage, along with group runners-up Australia. South Korea and Mexico failed to advance.

2001 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fifth FIFA Confederations Cup and the third to be organized by FIFA. It was also the first in which the original hosts, Saudi Arabia, did not participate (they were the nation who founded the tournament, previously known as the King Fahd Cup). The tournament was played from 30 May to 10 June 2001, and co-hosted by South Korea and Japan, who were also hosts for the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals. It was won by France, beating hosts Japan 1–0, with a goal from Patrick Vieira.

By winning the tournament along with the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000, France became the second team to simultaneously be World Cup champions, continental champions, and Confederations Cup winners, after Brazil in 1997.

The eight teams were split into two groups of four, in which each team played each of the others once, with the top two in each group advancing to the semi-finals.
Dhaumya
Dhaumya (Sanskrit: धौम्य) is a supporting character in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata, where he serves as the purohita—family priest and religious guide—of the Pandavas—the central characters of the narrative.

Dhaumya is introduced as an ascetic who is approached by the Pandavas to become their priest after their escape from the Lakshagriha (House of Lac). Renowned for his mastery of Vedic rites, wisdom, and commitment to dharma (righteous conduct), Dhaumya performs key rituals for them, including their wedding to Draupadi and Yudhishthira’s Rajasuya sacrifice. During their exile in the forest, Dhaumya accompanies the Pandavas, settling there to serve and guide them. Throughout the epic, he counsels them on dharma, cosmology, and kingship.

Kaurava
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term referring to descendant of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic Mahabharata. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari. Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and Chitrasena are the most popular among the brothers. They also had a sister named  Dussala and a half-brother named Yuyutsu.