hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Localized Chern class
In algebraic geometry, a localized Chern class is a variant of a Chern class, that is defined for a chain complex of vector bundles as opposed to a single vector bundle. It was originally introduced in Fulton's Intersection theory, as an algebraic counterpart of the similar construction in algebraic topology. The notion is used in particular in the Riemann–Roch-type theorem.

S. Bloch later generalized the notion in the context of arithmetic schemes (schemes over a Dedekind domain) for the purpose of giving #Bloch's conductor formula that computes the non-constancy of Euler characteristic of a degenerating family of algebraic varieties (in the mixed characteristic case).

Degeneration (algebraic geometry)
In algebraic geometry, a degeneration (or specialization) is the act of taking a limit of a family of varieties. Precisely, given a morphism

of a variety (or a scheme) to a curve C with origin 0 (e.g., affine or projective line), the fibers

form a family of varieties over C. Then the fiber  may be thought of as the limit of  as . One then says the family  degenerates to the special fiber . The limiting process behaves nicely when  is a flat morphism and, in that case, the degeneration is called a flat degeneration. Many authors assume degenerations to be flat.

When the family  is trivial away from a special fiber; i.e.,  is independent of  up to (coherent) isomorphisms,  is called a general fiber.
Avgustovka, Kaliningrad Oblast
Avgustovka (Russian: Августовка; Polish: Drąsyty) is a village in Bagrationovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, near the border with Poland.

Initially following World War II, in 1945, the village passed to Poland as Drąsyty and was part of the Iławka County in the Masurian District, however, it was eventually annexed by the Soviet Union and renamed to Avgustovka.

Bagrationovsky District
Bagrationovsky District (Russian: Багратио́новский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Bagrationovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,146 square kilometers (442 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Bagrationovsk. Population: 32,352 (2010 Census); 45,672 (2002 Census); 39,724 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bagrationovsk accounts for 19.8% of the district's total population.
Padmanabhanagar Assembly constituency
Padmanabhanagar Assembly constituency is one of the seats in Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India. It is a segment of Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency.

Padmanabhanagar constituency (ಪದ್ಮನಾಭನಗರ) came into existence after the 2008 delimitation of assembly segments came into effect under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency
Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (Parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state, in Southern India. 
Currently the seat is held by Tejasvi Surya of Bharatiya Janata Party who won against Sowmya Reddy of Indian National Congress by a margin of 277083 votes in the 2024 Indian general election.
Jaguaripe
Jaguaripe is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. It covers 863.424 km2 (333.370 sq mi), and has a population of 18,981 with a population density of 18.32 inhabitants per square kilometer. Jaguaripe is located 130 km (81 mi) from the state capital of Bahia, Salvador. Jaguaripe shares a border with the municipalities of Aratuípe, Nazaré, Maragogipe, Laje, São Miguel das Matas, and Santo Antônio de Jesus. It was the first municipality created outside of Salvador, dating to 1693.

Santo Antônio de Jesus
Santo Antônio de Jesus is a city in the eastern part of the state of Bahia, Brazil, located west of the state capital Salvador. It is part of the mesoregion Metropolitana de Salvador. The population is 102,380 (2020 est.) in an area of 261.35 km2. It is an important commercial and a service centre in the micro-region.
2013 FIRS Intercontinental Cup
The 2013 FIRS Intercontinental Cup was the 14th edition of the roller hockey tournament known as the Intercontinental Cup, played on 16 November 2013 at the Palácio dos Desportos de Torres Novas, in Torres Novas, Portugal. SL Benfica (winner of the 2012–13 CERH European League) won the cup for the first time, defeating Sport Recife (winner of the 2012 CSP South American Club Championship).

Torres Novas
Torres Novas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtoʁɨʒ ˈnɔvɐʃ] ⓘ) is a Portuguese municipality in the district of Santarém, in the Médio Tejo of the Oeste e Vale do Tejo region. The population of the municipality was approximately 36,717 (from the 2011 census), in an area that encompasses 270 square kilometres (100 sq mi). The city of Torres Novas proper (seat of the municipality) has about 15,000 inhabitants in an area located within the municipality.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Nathan Adrian of US.

This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle.

2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 21 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center.  The last champion was Cullen Jones of US.

This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle.
Hami Syahin
Muhammad Hami Syahin bin Said (born 16 December 1998), better known as Hami Syahin or just Hami, is a Singaporean professional footballer who plays either as a central-midfielder or right-back for Singapore Premier League club Lion City Sailors and the Singapore national team.

2023 Singapore Cup
The 2023 Singapore Cup will be the 24th edition of the Singapore Cup, Singapore's annual premier club football knock-out tournament organised by the Football Association of Singapore.

Hougang United is the defending champions, having won the tournament in 2022 after defeating defending champions Tampines Rovers 3–2 in the final to win their inaugural Singapore Cup.
Fork and pull model
Fork and pull model refers to a software development model mostly used on GitHub, where multiple developers working on an open, shared project make their own contributions by sharing a main repository and pushing changes after granted pull request by integrator users. Followed by the advent of distributed version control systems (DVCS), Git naturally enables the usage of a pull-based development model, in which developers can copy the project onto their own repository and then push their changes to the original repository, where the integrators will determine the validity of the pull request. Since its appearance, pull-based development has gained popularity within the open software development community. On GitHub, over 400,000 pull-requests emerged per month on average in 2015. It is also the model shared on most collaborative coding platforms, like Bitbucket, Gitorious, etc. More and more functionalities are added to facilitate pull-based model.

Gitorious
Gitorious was an online service for hosting collaborative free and open-source software projects developed using Git for revision control. Although the source code powering it was itself freely available to be downloaded and installed and remains so, it was written primarily to be the basis for the website at gitorious.org, until the acquisition of Gitorious by GitLab in 2015.

According to the Git User's Survey, Gitorious was the second most popular hosting service for Git in 2011, with 11.7% of respondents indicating they used it, behind 87.5% using GitHub. On 3 March 2015, Gitorious was acquired by GitLab, who announced service through gitorious.org would be discontinued on 1 June 2015 and encouraged Gitorious users to make use of its import tools to migrate projects to GitLab.
General Radio
General Radio Company (later, GenRad) was a broad-line manufacturer of electronic test equipment in Massachusetts, U.S. from 1915 to 2001.  During the middle of 20th century, they were a major competitor to Hewlett-Packard and Tektronix.

Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc., historically widely known as Tek, is an American company best known for manufacturing test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment.  Originally an independent company, it is now a subsidiary of Ralliant, a spinoff from Fortive.
Infinity (McCoy Tyner album)
Infinity is an album by McCoy Tyner released on the Impulse! label in 1995. It was recorded in April 1995 and features performances by Tyner with tenor saxophonist Michael Brecker, bassist Avery Sharpe, drummer Aaron Scott and percussionist Valtinho Anastacio.  The album won the 1996 Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance (Individual or Group), while Michael Brecker won the Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo for the track "Impressions".

Impulse! Records
Impulse! Records (occasionally styled as "¡mpulse! Records" and "¡!") is an American jazz record label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as "the house that Trane built".
Peter Weck
Peter Weck (born 12 August 1930) is an Austrian film director and actor. In addition to his about 130 film and television acting credits between 1954 and 2015, he worked as a director on more than 50 productions between 1969 and 2007.

Romy (TV award)
The Romy television award in honor of the German-born and naturalized French actress Romy Schneider, born in Vienna, was created in 1990 by the Austrian newspaper Kurier – or rather their movie reviewer Rudolf John, who also designed the 30.5 cm gilded trophy. It recalls a scene from the movie The Swimming Pool with Alain Delon, when Romy Schneider arranges her dress. (See Senta Berger getting the Platinum award in 2007). The award ceremony is conducted at the Hofburg in Vienna.
Edward Sadlowski
Edward Sadlowski (September 10, 1938 – June 10, 2018) was an American labor activist associated with Steelworkers Fight Back, a rank-and-file movement against corruption in the international United Steelworkers of America union. Sadlowski became the youngest president of his local union at U.S. Steel's South Works, later served as director of District 31 (the union's largest district, encompassing Chicago and Gary, Indiana), and became known nationally during his unsuccessful attempt to become the international union's president in 1977.

Alex Kotlowitz
Alex Kotlowitz (born March 31, 1955) is an American journalist, author, and filmmaker.  His 1991 book There Are No Children Here was a national bestseller and received the Christopher Award and Helen Bernstein Award. He is a two-time recipient of both the Peabody Award and the Dupont Award for journalism. He co-produced the 2011 documentary The Interrupters, based on his New York Times Magazine article, which received an Independent Spirit Award and Emmy Award.
Boston Bruins Radio Network
The Boston Bruins Radio Network is a 17-station (9 AM, 9 FM, plus 3 FM translators) network which carries live game broadcasts of the Boston Bruins. The network's flagship station is WBZ-FM (98.5) in Boston, Massachusetts. Ryan Johnston announces play-by-play. Bob Beers provides color commentary.

Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Woonsocket (/wʊnˈsɒkɪt, wən-/ ⓘ wuun-SOK-it, wən-), is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 43,240 at the 2020 census, making it the sixth largest city in the state. Being Rhode Island's northernmost city, Woonsocket lies directly south of the Massachusetts state line and constitutes part of both the Providence metropolitan area and the larger Greater Boston Combined Statistical Area.

The city is the corporate headquarters of CVS Health, a pharmacy services provider. It is home to Landmark Medical Center, the Museum of Work and Culture, and the American-French Genealogical Society.
Li Ronghua
Li Ronghua (Chinese: 李荣华, born 21 September 1956) is a female Chinese rowing cox. She competed at the 1988 Seoul and 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympic Games. Together with her teammates, she won a silver medal in women's coxed four and a bronze medal in women's eight in 1988.

Coxswain (rowing)
In a rowing crew, the coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən or /ˈkɒksweɪn/ KOK-swayn; colloquially known as the cox or coxie) is a crewmember who does not row but directs the boat. The coxswain sits facing the bow, unlike the rowers, and is responsible for steering the boat and coordinating the power and rhythm of the rowers. The coxswain's role while on the water is similar to that of an assistant coach or team captain, and they are sometimes also called upon to implement the training regimen or race plan.

In most racing, coxswains may be of either sex regardless of the sex of the rowers. Often they are women, since women are more likely to be near the ideal weight of a cox, which is 110 lbs or 120 lbs for USRowing and 55 kg for World Rowing (see Sex, and Weight, below).
Goldhanger
Goldhanger is a village and a civil parish on the B1026 road in the Maldon District, in the county of Essex, England. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 751.

Goldhanger had an agricultural museum and has a church dedicated to St Peter. Goldhanger is at the head of a short creek, on the north side of the estuary of the River Blackwater, 4 miles (6.4 km) east northeast of the town of Maldon.

There are eight roads in Goldhanger: Head Street, Fish Street, Church Street, St Peter's Close, Maldon Road, Hall Estate, Sorrell Close, and finally Blind Lane.

The village is directly between Maldon and Tolleshunt D'Arcy and also has direct passage to the River Blackwater.

The place-name Goldhanger is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Goldhangra. The name means 'slope where marigold grew', from the Old English golde meaning marigold.

Maldon District
Maldon District is a local government district in Essex, England. The district is managed by Maldon District Council, which is based in Maldon, the largest town in the district. The district also includes the town of Burnham-on-Crouch and numerous villages, including Heybridge, Wickham Bishops, Southminster, Tolleshunt D'Arcy and Tollesbury. The district covers the Dengie peninsula to the south of Maldon and the Thurstable Hundred area to the north of the Blackwater Estuary, a total area of 358.78 km2.

The majority of people live in the small rural villages, many of which have their origins in connections with the coast or agricultural economy. The district has a long association with sailing, as is referenced in the council's logo.
The Last Manhunt
The Last Manhunt is an American Western film, released in 2022. It is directed by Christian Camargo and written by Thomas Pa'a Sibbett from a story by Sibbett and Jason Momoa. Momoa is also an executive producer. The film stars Martin Sensmeier as Willie, alongside an ensemble cast including Momoa, Camargo, Mainei Kinimaka, Lily Gladstone, Zahn McClarnon, and Raoul Max Trujillo.  In May 2022, it opened the Pioneertown International Film Festival.

Worldwide rights to the film were picked up by Saban Films in June 2022. Other films have told the Paiute legend, including Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here, starring Robert Redford.

Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here
Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here is a 1969 American Western film based on the true story of a Chemehuevi–Paiute Native American named Willie Boy and his run-in with the law in 1909 in Banning, California, United States. 
The film is an adaptation of the 1960 book Willie Boy: A Desert Manhunt by Harry Lawton.

The film was written and directed by the once blacklisted Abraham Polonsky, who, due to his blacklisting, had not directed a film since Force of Evil in 1948.
VfB Altena
VfB Altena is a German football club from the city of Altena, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club has spent most of its existence in lower level local play with the exception of seven seasons (1974–81) spent in third-tier competition. In addition to its football side the club has departments for chess, handball, and table tennis.

Altena
Altena (German pronunciation: [ˈaltəna] ⓘ; Westphalian: Altenoa) is a town in the district of Märkischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town's castle is the origin for the later Dukes of Berg. Altena is situated on the Lenne river valley, in the northern stretches of the Sauerland.
Iron Legion
The Iron Legion is a series of special armors designed by Iron Man appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, worn by the superhero Iron Man as well as others.

The Iron Legion has appeared in various media adaptations, including television series, films, and video games.

Iron Man's armor
Iron Man's armor is a fictional powered exoskeleton appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is built and worn by billionaire Tony Stark when he assumes the identity of the superhero Iron Man. The first armor was created in-story by Stark and Ho Yinsen, and was designed by artist Jack Kirby, first appearing in Tales of Suspense #39 (March 1963).

In the fictional multiverse, the appearance of Stark's armor has changed over the years. Stark has modified or optimized the armor to adapt to specific situations. As various artists have depicted Iron Man and his armor, its appearance has changed over time.
Feed-in tariff
A feed-in tariff (FIT, FiT, standard offer contract, advanced renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers. This means promising renewable energy producers an above-market price and providing price certainty and long-term contracts that help finance renewable energy investments. Typically, FITs award different prices to different sources of renewable energy in order to encourage the development of one technology over another. For example, technologies such as wind power and solar PV are awarded a higher price per kWh than tidal power. FITs often include a "digression": a gradual decrease of the price or tariff in order to follow: 25  and encourage technological cost reductions.: 100

California Public Utilities Commission
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC or PUC) is a regulatory agency that regulates privately owned public utilities in the state of California, including electric power, telecommunications, natural gas and water companies. In addition, the CPUC regulates common carriers, including household goods movers, limousines, rideshare services (§ Transportation network companies), self-driving cars, and rail crossing safety. The CPUC has headquarters in the Civic Center district of San Francisco, and field offices in Los Angeles and Sacramento.
Deliver Us the Moon
Deliver Us the Moon is an adventure-puzzle video game developed by Dutch game development studio KeokeN Interactive. It was first self-published as Deliver Us the Moon: Fortuna for Windows on September 28, 2018. The game later saw an expanded release on October 10, 2019, with Wired Productions serving as the publisher for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions on April 24, 2020. The game was released for Google Stadia on June 1, 2022, for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S on June 23, 2022 and for Nintendo Switch on July 16, 2024.

Deliver Us the Moon was marketed as a science fiction thriller set in an apocalyptic near future; the game follows a lone astronaut who is sent to the moon on a mission to avert humanity's fate towards extinction after Earth's natural resources have been depleted. The Windows and PlayStation 5 versions were met with mixed reviews, while the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions were met with more positive reviews by video game publications.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Idaho State Highway 72
State Highway 72 (SH‑72) is a 1.989-mile (3.201 km) state highway in Payette County, Idaho, United States, that connects U.S. Route 30 (US 30), south of New Plymouth, with Idaho State Highway 52 (SH‑52) in Hamilton Corner. SH‑72 is maintained by the Idaho Transportation Department.

Three-way junction
A three-way junction (or three-way intersection) is a type of road intersection with three arms. A Y junction (or Y intersection) generally has three arms of equal size coming at an acute or obtuse angle to each other; while a T junction (or T intersection) also has three arms, but one of the arms is generally a smaller road joining a larger road at right angle.
New Campus (Heidelberg University)
The New Campus of the University of Heidelberg is located in the newest district of Heidelberg called Neuenheimer Feld. It is today the larger part of the university, and the largest campus for natural sciences and life science in Germany. Many buildings of the science faculties and institutes, the medical school, and the university hospital are situated on the New Campus. The science branch of the University Library is also situated here.

Most of the dormitories and the athletic facilities of the university can be found there as well. Several independent research institutes, such as the German Cancer Research Center, Max Planck Society and its Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law have settled there. The New Campus is also seat of several biomedical spin-off companies. The ancient part of the town can be reached by streetcar in about ten minutes.

The university maintains a botanical garden at Neuenheimer Feld.

German Cancer Research Center
The German Cancer Research Center (known as the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum or simply DKFZ in German) is a national cancer research center based in Heidelberg, Germany. It is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, the largest scientific organization in Germany.
Shaykh Najjar
Shaykh Najjar (Arabic: شيخ نجار, also spelled Sheikh Najjar), sometimes referred to as Aleppo Industrial City, is an industrial city in northern Syria, administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate, located 10 kilometers northeast of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Kafr Saghir to the north, al-Muslimiyah to the northwest, Tell Shaghib to the south and Fah to the southeast. According to the Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shaykh Najjar had a population of 2,588 in the 2004 census.

Al-Muslimiyah
Al-Muslimiyah (Arabic: المسلمية, also spelled Muslimiyeh, Moslemiye, Msalamiyyah or al-Musalmiya), commonly known as Mouslimié, is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Mount Simeon District of the Aleppo Governorate, located 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) north of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Tell Qarah and Fafin to the north, Ratyan to the northwest, Huraytan to the southwest, the Bustan al-Basha and Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhoods of Aleppo to the south and Kafr Saghir to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Muslimiyah had a population of 5,916 in the 2004 census.