hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tierra del Fuego gold rush
Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting many Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including many Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold miners left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. The rush made a major contribution to the genocide of the indigenous Selkʼnam people.

Patagonian sheep farming boom
In late 19th and early 20th centuries, sheep farming expanded across the Patagonian grasslands making the southern regions of Argentina and Chile one of the world's foremost sheep farming areas. The sheep farming boom attracted thousands of immigrants from Chiloé and Europe to southern Patagonia. Early sheep farming in Patagonia was oriented towards wool production but changed over time with the development of industrial refrigerators towards meat export. Besides altering the demographic and economic outlook of Southern Patagonia the sheep farming boom also changed the steppe ecosystem.

Sheep farming in Patagonia was carried out in an estancia system. Each of these estancias was administered from a casco central (a central complex of buildings) where administrators, foremen and workers lived.

Sociedad Explotadora de Magallanes possessed more than 200,000 sheep by 1901.
Tony Goodfellow
Anthony Goodfellow (born 8 January 1940) is a former English first-class cricketer who played for Cambridge University from 1960 and 1962.

Tony Goodfellow attended Marlborough College before going up to Magdalene College, Cambridge. An opening and middle-order batsman, he gained his blue in 1961 and 1962. His highest score was 81 against Leicestershire in 1961, when he and Edward Craig put on 185 for the first wicket, and Cambridge went on to win by six wickets.

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
Veslsvulten
Veslsvulten is a mountain in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,579-metre (5,180 ft) tall mountain lies along the border between Folldal Municipality and Sel Municipality. The mountain lies just inside the boundaries of Rondane National Park. It is located to the west of the mountains Rondvasshøgde, Vinjeronden, and Rondeslottet. The mountain Hornflågene lies to the southeast of this mountain. The Norwegian County Road 27 is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of Veslsvutlen.

Norwegian County Road 27
County Road 27 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 27) is a county road which runs between Ringebu and Folldal in Innlandet county, Norway. The road is 82.7 kilometres (51.4 mi) long and 26.1 kilometres (16.2 mi) of it lie in the former Oppland county and 56.6 kilometres (35.2 mi) of it lie in the former Hedmark county. The road runs through Folldal, Stor-Elvdal, and Ringebu municipalities. The northern part of this road in Folldal and Stor-Elvdal municipalities is classified as a national tourist route.

Historically, County Road 27 went from Folldal to Enden (in Stor-Elvdal Municipality) and then turned east through Sollia and headed to Atna where it ended. At that time, the stretch of road between Enden and Ringebu was called National Road 220. On 1 January 2010, National Road 220 became part of County Road 27 and what used to be County Road 27 from Enden to Atna was renamed County Road 219.
Funakiyama Kofun cluster
Funakiyama Kofun group (船来山古墳群, Funakiyama kofun-gun) is a cluster of Kofun period burial mounds located the city of Motosu, Gifu Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2018.

Motosu, Gifu
Motosu (本巣市, Motosu-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 November 2018, the city had an estimated population of 34,453 in 12, 464 households, and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 374.65 square kilometres (144.65 sq mi).
Chabad niggunim
Like many other Hassidic movements, Chabad-Lubavitch has its own unique niggunim, or traditional melodies. Chabad niggunim were either composed or taught by the Rebbe of Chabad or their Hassidim. Niggunim are used to aid for meditation during Chasidic prayer or Torah study, as well as during farbrengens. some of these ancient Chabad melodies have recently made their way into mainstream music.

Nigun
A nigun (Hebrew: ניגון, 'tune' or 'melody'; pl. nigunim) or niggun (pl. niggunim) is a form of Ashkenazi Jewish vocal music sung in group settings. Nigunim are melodic tunes, often using repetitive non-lexical vocables such as "bim-bim-bam", "lai-lai-lai", "yai-yai-yai", or "ai-ai-ai" rather than with formal lyrics. Sometimes, a nigun is expressed as a mystical musical form of Jewish prayer or glossolalia. Hebrew Biblical verses or quotes from other classical Jewish texts are sometimes sung repetitively to form a nigun. Some nigunim are sung as prayers of lament, while others may be joyous or victorious in theme.
Dekefjellet Mountain
Dekefjellet Mountain (71°58′S 13°25′E﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 13.417°E﻿ / -71.967; 13.417) is an elongated mountain, about 3 nautical miles (6 km) long and surmounted by Kamskaya Peak, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) west of Skavlrimen Ridge in the Weyprecht Mountains, Queen Maud Land. The feature is partly rock and partly covered with snow. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. The mountain was replotted from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Dekefjellet.

Weyprecht Mountains
Weyprecht Mountains (German: Weyprechtberge, Norwegian: Weprechtfjella) is a small group of mountains about 15 km (9 mi) west of the Payer Mountains, forming the western half of the Hoel Mountains in Queen Maud Land.

They were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Karl Weyprecht, Austrian polar explorer who in company with Julius Payer discovered Franz Josef Land in 1873, and who initiated the first International Polar Year expedition in 1882–83.
Partition regularity
In combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, partition regularity is one notion of largeness for a collection of sets.

Given a set , a collection of subsets  is  called partition regular if every set A in the collection has the property that, no matter how A is partitioned into finitely many subsets, at least one of the subsets will also belong to the collection. That is,
for any , and any finite partition , there exists an i ≤ n such that  belongs to . Ramsey theory is sometimes characterized as the study of which collections  are partition regular.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
Norwegian County Road 411
Norwegian county road 411 (Fv411) is a Norwegian county road in Agder county, Norway.  The 27.8-kilometre (17.3 mi) long road runs between Tvedestrand and Risør municipalities.  The western end of the road starts at the junction of Norwegian County Road 410 in the town of Tvedestrand in Tvedestrand municipality.  It then heads along the coastline until it reaches the junction with Norwegian County Road 416 at Bossvika in Risør municipality.

Norwegian county road
A Norwegian county road (Bokmål: fylkesvei or Nynorsk: fylkesveg) is a highway in Norway owned and maintained by the local county municipality.  Some of the roads have road signs.  The signs are white with black numbers.
Phalaenopsis amboinensis
Phalaenopsis amboinensis, also known as the month Sulawesi orchid, is a species of monopodial epiphytic orchid flower native to eastern Indonesia.

This orchid species along with other Phalaenopsis species are highly valued in the market due to their resilience and beautiful flowers and are frequently hybridized with one another to create prettier flowers.

Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis (/ˌfælɪˈnɒpsɪs/), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting, flat flowers arranged in a flowering stem that often branches near the end. Orchids in this genus are native to Asia, New Guinea, and Australia, but mostly occur in Indonesia and the Philippines.
2014 Tennessee House of Representatives election
The 2014 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 4, 2014, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State Senate elections.

Republicans maintained their supermajority in the state house, gaining 2 seats.

2014 United States Senate election in Tennessee
The 2014 United States Senate election in Tennessee took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate from the State of Tennessee. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander defeated Democrat Gordon Ball, and was re-elected to a third term in office with 61.9% of the vote against 31.9%.

Lamar Alexander narrowly kept Shelby County in his column. Home to Memphis, Shelby County had not voted Republican on a presidential level since 1988. Notably, Alexander flipped reliably Democratic Haywood County which had not voted Republican on a presidential level since 1972, but had been trending Republican in recent years. However, he did lose Davidson County, a county which he narrowly flipped back in 2008. This county is home to Tennessee's capital, Nashville.
Al-Mulk
Al-Mulk (Arabic: الملك, lit. 'the Sovereignty', 'the Kingdom') is the 67th chapter (surah) of the Quran, comprising 30 verses. Surah Al Mulk emphasizes the greatness of Allah and his creation, urging believers to reflect on the signs of God's power in the universe.

As-Sajdah
As-Sajdah (السجدة), is the 32nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 30 verses (āyāt). The name of the chapter has been translated as ۩ 'prostration'  or 'adoration' and is taken from the fifteenth verse, which mentions those who "... fall prostrate and hymn the praise of their Lord".

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the  believed revelation, it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed revealed in Mecca, instead of later in Medina. Theodor Nöldeke (d.1930), translator of Tabari (Arabic – German), estimated it as the 70th (Nöldeke chronology).  The traditional Egyptian chronology puts the chapter as the 75th chapter by the order of revelation (after Quran 23).
Leung Yiu-chung
Leung Yiu-chung (Chinese: 梁耀忠, born 19 May 1953) is a Hong Kong politician. He is a member of the pro-labour Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre, which is a part of the pan-democracy camp. He has had a long-standing tenure as a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Between 1998 and 2016, he represented the New Territories West geographical constituency, and from 2016 to 2020, he represented the District Council (Second) functional constituency. Leung has also served as a member of the Kwai Tsing District Council since 1985.

President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The president of the Legislative Council is the presiding officer of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. According to the Article 71 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the president of the Legislative Council is elected by and from among Legislative Council members, plays the presiding role, administrative role and ceremonial role, and ensures the smooth conduct of the Legislative Council meetings.
Cuisine of Abruzzo
Cuisine of Abruzzo is eclectic, drawing on pastoral, mountain, and coastal cuisine. Staples of Abruzzo cuisine include bread, pasta, meat, fish, cheese, and wine. The isolation which has characterized the region for centuries has ensured the independence of its culinary tradition from those of nearby regions. Local cuisine was widely appreciated in a 2013 survey among foreign tourists.

Peperoncino
Peperoncino (Italian: [peperonˈtʃiːno]; pl.: peperoncini) is the generic Italian name for a hot chili pepper, specifically some regional cultivars of the species Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens (chili pepper and Tabasco pepper, respectively). (The suffix "ino" means smaller; the larger sweet bell pepper is called peperone (pl.: peperoni) in Italian.) Like most chili peppers, the fruit is green or yellowish-green when young, and ripens to a red colour.
Máscara Sagrada
Máscara Sagrada (born November 6, 1959) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler) who has worked for every major Mexican wrestling promotion over the last 20 years. His ring name is Spanish for "Sacred Mask" and is inspired by the "sanctity" of masks in lucha libre. Sagrada has been involved in a long running copyright dispute over the use of the Máscara Sagrada name, outfit and mask with AAA, who claimed that they owned the copyright to the character and has even promoted other wrestlers as "Máscara Sagrada". Máscara Sagrada's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

Mini-Estrella
The term Mini-Estrella (Spanish for "Mini-Star") is used in lucha libre to describe a division of short professional wrestlers or luchadors, some of whom have dwarfism. The Mexican Mini-Estrellas are comparable to midget wrestlers who compete internationally, but with the notable exception that some of the Mini-Estrellas do not have dwarfism but are simply short. Some Mini-Estrellas have later on moved on to work as regular sized competitors. The Mini-Estrellas have been featured in several promotions outside Mexico, most notably World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Originally the height limit for the Minis division as set by Mexican lucha commissions was 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in) but in recent years wrestlers such as Pequeño Olímpico have worked the Minis division despite being as much as 1.59 m (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) tall. In the formative years of Mini-Estrella wrestling, the Mini-Estrellas were also referred to as Micro Luchadors, or "Micro Wrestlers".
Rileyville, Pennsylvania
Rileyville is a village in Lebanon Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the intersection of Route 191 and Route 371. The mailing city address for the area is Honesdale, a borough and the county seat directly south of Rileyville.

Honesdale, Pennsylvania
Honesdale is a borough in, and the county seat of, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough's population was 4,458 at the time of the 2020 census.

Honesdale is located 32 miles (51 km) northeast of Scranton in a rural area that provides many recreational opportunities, such as boating, fishing, hiking, hunting, skiing, biking, skateboarding, and rafting. Located in a coal mining region, during the nineteenth century it was the starting point of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which provided for transport of coal to Kingston, New York, and then down the Hudson River to New York City. In the 19th century, the expansion of railroads eventually superseded regular use of the canal.
Kaliese Spencer
Kaliese Spencer Carter, née Kaliese Spencer,  (6 May 1987) is a Jamaican track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 metres hurdles. She won the bronze medal in the event at the 2012 London Olympics. Spencer was the Commonwealth Games champion in 2014 and a double silver medallist at the 2014 World Indoor Championships. She finished fourth at both the 2009 and 2011 World Championships in Athletics.

Spencer was the 2006 World junior champion. She is a four-time Diamond League 400 m hurdles winner.

Golden Gala
Golden Gala is an annual track and field event normally held at the Olympic Stadium in Rome, Italy. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League.  Following the 2013 death of Italian sprinting legend Pietro Mennea, the organizers added his name to the title of the meet.

The 2021 and 2023 events were temporarily relocated to Florence.
Victor Antonescu
Victor Antonescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈviktor antoˈnesku]; September 3, 1871, Antonești, Teleorman County – August 22, 1947, Bucharest) was a Romanian politician. He served as Minister of Justice from 4 January 1914 to 11 December 1916 and from 14 November 1933 to 1 February 1935, Minister of Finance between 1935 and 1936, and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 29 August 1936 until 28 December 1937. From 1922 to 1925 he represented the Romanian government in France.

In 1946, he was part of the Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference.

He is buried in Vitănești, in Teleorman County, in a mortuary chapel which is now listed as a historical monument.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)
The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government. The current foreign minister is Oana Țoiu.
Francesco I Pico
Francesco I Pico (c. 1272 - 1321) was an Italian condottiero and politician of the Pico dynasty. He was the first lord and imperial vicar of Mirandola (1311-1321), and also podestà (1311-12 and 1318-19) and imperial vicar of Modena (1311-12).

Imperial vicar
An imperial vicar (German: Reichsvikar) was a prince charged with administering all or part of the Holy Roman Empire on behalf of the emperor. Later, an imperial vicar was invariably one of two princes charged by the Golden Bull with administering the Holy Roman Empire during an interregnum.
Moll's gland
Moll's gland, also known as the gland of Moll or ciliary gland, is a modified apocrine sweat gland that is found on the margin of the eyelid. They are next to the base of the eyelashes, and anterior to the meibomian glands within the distal eyelid margin. These glands are relatively large and tubular-shaped.  The glands of Moll are named after Dutch oculist Jacob Anton Moll (1832–1914).

Glands of Moll empty into the adjacent lashes. Glands of Moll and Zeis secrete sebum that keeps lashes supple.

The glands of Moll are prone to infection and blockage of its duct with sebum and cell debris. Blockage of the gland's duct causes swelling which can manifest itself as a stye.

Sebaceous gland
A sebaceous gland or oil gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest number on the face and scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a special type of sebum into tears. Surrounding the female nipples, areolar glands are specialized sebaceous glands for lubricating the nipples. Fordyce spots are benign, visible, sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums and inner cheeks, and genitals.
Ford Edge
The Ford Edge is a crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by the Ford Motor Company introduced for the 2007 model year as the first mid-size CUV marketed by Ford in North America. Deriving its name from a trim package of the Ford Ranger, the Ford Edge is positioned between the Ford Escape and the Ford Explorer within the Ford product line.

Production of the North American Edge ended in April 2024, with the third generation Edge (dubbed the Edge L), launched in 2023, being produced and sold exclusively in China.

Sharing its underpinnings with the Ford Fusion sedan, Ford also marketed a rebadged variant as the Lincoln MKX (since 2019, the Lincoln Nautilus). The second generation is also marketed by Ford of Europe, positioned between the Kuga (Escape) and the Explorer PHEV.

Manufacturing of the first two generations took place at Oakville Assembly (Oakville, Ontario) alongside the Nautilus.

Bang & Olufsen
Bang & Olufsen (B&O) is a Danish high-end consumer electronics company that designs and manufactures audio products, television sets, and telephones, originally from Denmark, founded in 1925 by Peter Bang and Svend Olufsen, who designed a radio to work with alternating current, a product of significance at a time when most radios were still running on batteries.
1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the first edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, the quadrennial women's under-21 field hockey world championship organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held at Nepean Sportsplex in Ottawa, Canada from 19 to 30 July 1989.

West Germany won the first edition of the Junior World Cup by defeating South Korea 2–0 in the final. The Soviet Union won the bronze medal by defeating the Netherlands 4–3.

Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup
The Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, formerly known as the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, is the field hockey Junior World Cup competition for women. The format for qualification and the final tournament is similar to the men's.

It is organized by the International Hockey Federation and has been played since 1989. The tournament features players who are under 21 years of age and is held once every two years.

Four teams have dominated in past events. Netherlands is the most successful team, having won the tournament six times, followed by Korea and Argentina. Germany have won the tournament once.

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the FIH banned Russia from the 2022 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, and banned Russian and Belarusian officials from FIH events.
Subhani Ba Yunus
Subhani Ba Yunus (Urdu: سبحانی بایونس; 1931–2006), also spelled Subhani Bayunus,  was an accomplished Pakistani actor and television and radio personality whose distinct voice quality earned him a special place in Radio Pakistan. Younis was an Urdu-speaking Hyderabadi Muslim of Hadhrami Chaush descent. His claim to fame comes from Khwaja Moinuddin's stage plays, particularly Taleem-e-Balighan in which he played the role of a butcher.

His memorable plays were Lal Qilay Se Lalo Khait Tak, Mohammad Bin Qasim, Karawaan, Qisa Chahar Darwaish, Jungle, Mirza Ghalib Bandar Road Par, Do Duni Panch, Khuda Ki Basti and Tanhaiyaan. His last play for PTV was Ba Adab Ba Mulahiza, after which he virtually retired from acting
PTV drama series JAANE DO also starring Behrouz Sabzwani

Hadharem
The Hadharem (Arabic: حضارم, romanized: ḥaḍārim; singular: Hadhrami, Arabic: حضرمي, romanized: ḥaḍramī) are an Arab ethnographic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in the Arabian Peninsula, which is part of modern-day Yemen, southern Oman, and southern Saudi Arabia. The spoken language of the Hadharem is Hadhrami Arabic. Among the two million inhabitants of Hadhramaut, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.