hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mamaroneck
The Battle of Mamaroneck (also known as the Skirmish of Heathcote Hill) was a skirmish in the New York and New Jersey campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought on October 22, 1776, at Mamaroneck, Westchester County, New York.

Following the retreat of George Washington's army to White Plains, British General William Howe landed troops in Westchester County, intending to cut off Washington's escape route. To cover the eastern flank of his army, Howe ordered Major Robert Rogers and his Rangers to seize the village of Mamaroneck which had been recently abandoned by the Continental army. On the night of October 22, 750 men under Colonel John Haslet attacked the British encampment. Haslet's men achieved complete surprise, but Rogers' Rangers rallied and drove off the attackers.

Mamaroneck, New York
Mamaroneck (/məˈmærənɛk/ mə-MARR-ə-nek) is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States.

The population was 31,758 at the 2020 United States census over 29,156 at the 2010 census. There are two villages contained within the town: Larchmont and the Village of Mamaroneck (part of which is located in the adjacent town of Rye). The majority of the town's land area is not within either village, constituting an unincorporated area, although a majority of the population lives within the villages. Legally, the unincorporated section and the villages constitute the town as a political and governmental subdivision of New York State. The town is led by a town board, composed of five town board members, which includes the town supervisor, Jaine Elkind Eney.

Much of the unincorporated section of the town receives its mail via the Larchmont Post Office and thereby has a Larchmont address.
Chantiers Dubigeon
Chantiers Dubigeon was a shipyard established in 1760 by Julien Dubigeon in Nantes, France. In 1916, the heirs of Adolphe Dubigeon disagreed with how to deal with the company. Part of it was sold to Chantiers de la Loire, and the rest was reorganized into the Anciens Chantiers Dubigeon which built a new yard on the Île de Nantes. In 1963 it was combined with La Société Loire-Normandie, forming the Groupe Dubigeon-Normandie which was renamed Dubigeon-Normandie SA in 1969. It was acquired by Alsthom Atlantique in 1983, which closed the last shipyard in Nantes in 1987.

Île de Nantes
The île de Nantes (French pronunciation: [il də nɑ̃t], Island of Nantes) is an island located in the centre of the city of Nantes, France, surrounded by two branches of the river Loire—the "bras de la Madeleine" (branch of the Madeleine) at the north and the "bras de Pirmil" (branch of Pirmil) at the south. It is one of the eleven neighbourhoods of Nantes.
Tidenham
Tidenham (/ˈtɪdənəm/) is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean of west Gloucestershire, England, adjoining the Welsh border. Tidenham is bounded by the River Wye (which forms the Welsh border) to the west and the River Severn to the south. Offa's Dyke runs through the western part of the parish, terminating at Sedbury cliff above the River Severn.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Atascadero, California
Atascadero (Spanish for "Mire") is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, located on U.S. Route 101. Atascadero is part of the San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses the extents of the county. Atascadero is farther inland than most other cities in the county, and as a result, usually experiences warmer, drier summers, and cooler winters than other nearby cities such as San Luis Obispo and Pismo Beach. The main freeway through town is U.S. 101. The nearby State Routes 41 and 46 provide access to the Pacific Coast and the Central Valley of California.

Founded by E. G. Lewis in 1913, the city grew to 29,773 people as of 2020. Atascadero State Hospital is located in the city.

2003 San Simeon earthquake
The 2003 San Simeon earthquake struck at 11:15 PST (19:15 UTC) on December 22 on the Central Coast of California, about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of San Simeon. Probably centered in the Oceanic fault zone within the Santa Lucia Mountains, it was caused by thrust faulting and the rupture propagated southeast from the hypocenter for 12 miles (19 km).

The most violent ground movement was within 50 miles of the epicenter, though the earthquake was felt as far away as Los Angeles. With a moment magnitude of 6.6, it was the most destructive earthquake to hit the United States since the Northridge quake of 1994.
Danish Ice Hockey Union
Danmarks Ishockey Union ('The Danish Ice Hockey Union') or DIU is the governing body of ice hockey in Denmark. It is a member of the National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF) and the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The association was founded on 27 November 1949 and became a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation the same year.

The union is responsible for all of Denmark's national ice hockey teams and organizes the Metal Ligaen, KvindeLigaen, and the other ice hockey leagues and tournaments in Denmark.

On 1 June 2014, seventeen ice hockey clubs and 4,252 players were registered with the DIU.

National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark
The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Idrætsforbund, DIF; IOC Code: DEN) is the National Olympic Committee representing Denmark.

The organization as it exists today was formed in 1993 by the merger of the Dansk Idræts-Forbund (Danish Sports Confederation) and Danmarks Olympiske Komité (Danish Olympic Committee).
2004 Furman Paladins football team
The 2004 Furman Paladins football team represented the Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by third-year head coach Bobby Lamb, the Paladins compiled an overall record of 10–3 with a mark of 6–1 in conference play, sharing the SoCon title with Georgia Southern. Furman advanced to the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs, where they beat Jacksonville State in the first round before losing to the eventual national champion, James Madison, in the quarterfinals.

2004 Georgia Southern Eagles football team
The 2004 Georgia Southern Eagles football team represented the Georgia Southern Eagles of Georgia Southern University during the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Eagles played their home games at Paulson Stadium in Statesboro, Georgia. The team was coached by Mike Sewak, in his third year as head coach for the Eagles.
Söğütlüçeşme (Metrobus)
Söğütlüçeşme is the eastern terminus of the Istanbul Metrobus Bus rapid transit line. It is located along Ziverbey Road, just west of the Istanbul Inner Beltway, adjacent to the Söğütlüçeşme railway station. Connection to Marmaray commuter rail service as well as high-speed, intercity and regional rail will be available towards the end of 2018.

Söğütlüçeşme station was opened on 3 March 2009 as part of the eastward expansion of the line across the Bosporus.

Söğütlüçeşme railway station
Söğütlüçeşme railway station (Turkish: Söğütlüçeşme İstasyonu) is a railway station in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey. Up until 2013, the station was serviced by commuter trains as well as regional and intercity trains. Söğütlüçeşme was closed down on 19 June 2013 for the rehabilitation and expansion of the railway for the new Marmaray commuter rail system. Located 1.46 km (0.91 mi) east from Haydarpaşa station, it is situated upon a viaduct with two island platforms with four tracks.

Söğütlüçeşme station reopened on March 12, 2019 along with the rest of the Marmaray project until Gebze.
Laurentian language
Laurentian, or St. Lawrence Iroquoian, was an Iroquoian language spoken until the late 16th century along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River in present-day Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It is believed to have disappeared with the extinction of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, likely as a result of warfare by the more powerful Mohawk from the Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy to the south, in present-day New York state of the United States.

Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (/ɪˈpɛnθəsɪs, ɛ-/; Greek ἐπένθεσις) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the first syllable (prothesis), the last syllable (paragoge), or between two syllabic sounds in a word. The opposite process in which one or more sounds are removed is referred to as syncope or elision.
Redundancy (information theory)
In information theory, redundancy (redundation) measures the fractional difference between the entropy H(X) of an ensemble X, and its maximum possible value . Informally, it is the amount of wasted "space" used to transmit certain data. Data compression is a way to reduce or eliminate unwanted redundancy, while forward error correction is a way of adding desired redundancy for purposes of error detection and correction when communicating over a noisy channel of limited capacity.

Hartley function
The Hartley function is a measure of uncertainty, introduced by Ralph Hartley in 1928. If a sample from a finite set A uniformly at random is picked, the amount of information revealed after the outcome is known is given by the Hartley function

where |A| denotes the cardinality of A.

If the base of the logarithm is 2, then the unit of uncertainty is the shannon (more commonly known as bit). If it is the natural logarithm, then the unit is the nat. Hartley used a base-ten logarithm, and with this base, the unit of information is called the hartley (aka ban or dit) in his honor. It is also known as the Hartley entropy or max-entropy.
2025 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Linda Nosková in the final, 2–6, 6–1, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Prague Open. It was her second career WTA Tour singles title, and her second title at the tournament, after 2022.

Magda Linette was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in Washington instead.

Eight Czech players reached the round of 16, a record for a WTA Tour event.

2025 Mubadala Citi DC Open – Women's singles
Leylah Fernandez defeated Anna Kalinskaya in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2025 Washington Open. It was her fourth career WTA Tour title.

Paula Badosa was the reigning champion, but withdrew before the tournament.

With her win over Peyton Stearns in the first round, 45-year-old Venus Williams became the oldest woman to win a WTA Tour-level singles match since Martina Navratilova at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships.
2017 Irish Hills 250
The 2017 Irish Hills 250 was the 13th stock car race of the 2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series season and the 26th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 17, 2017, in Brooklyn, Michigan at Michigan International Speedway, a two-mile (3.2 km) permanent moderate-banked D-shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 125 laps to complete. At race's end, Denny Hamlin, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would win in a close finish on the final restart with two to go. The win was Hamlin's 16th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win and his first win of the season. To fill out the podium, William Byron and Elliott Sadler, both driving for JR Motorsports, would finish second and third, respectively.

NASCAR Xfinity Series at Michigan International Speedway
Stock car racing in the then-NASCAR Xfinity Series have been held at the Michigan International Speedway between 1992 and 2024. The race was last held under as the Cabo Wabo 250. Justin Allgaier is the last winner.
Gmina Szaflary
Gmina Szaflary is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Szaflary, which lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Nowy Targ and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 54.31 square kilometres (21.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,227.

Nowy Targ County
Nowy Targ County (Polish: powiat nowotarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nowy Targ, which lies 67 kilometres (42 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Rabka-Zdrój, lying 18 km (11 mi) north of Nowy Targ, and Szczawnica, 35 km (22 mi) east of Nowy Targ.

The county covers an area of 1,474.66 square kilometres (569.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 181,878, out of which the population of Nowy Targ is 33,493, that of Rabka-Zdrój is 13,031, that of Szczawnica is 7,334, and the rural population is 128,020.
Faye McLeod
Faye McLeod is the first female Keeper of the Archives at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

McLeod studied at Brasenose College, Oxford during 1999–2003, receiving a BA degree in English Language and Literature from the University of Oxford. She then studied for a Master's degree in Archive Administration at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth (2005–07) and a Post-Graduate Certificate in Relational Database Systems at the Open University in 2004.

During 2004–05, she was a cataloguing assistant at St Antony's College, Oxford. She was archivist for the Aston Martin Heritage Trust (2006–11), Head Archivist at the Jaguar Heritage Trust (2011–18) at Gaydon, and then Archivist and Records Manager for Keble College, Oxford (2018–20). In 2020, she was appointed Keeper of the University Archives, based in the Bodleian Libraries at Oxford University, succeeding Simon Bailey.

Simon Bailey (archivist)
Simon Bailey was the Keeper of the Archives at the University of Oxford in England until March 2020.

Bailey received his degree from the University of Warwick. He was the first full-time Keeper of the Archives, having previously worked as the university's Archivist when David Vaisey (Bodley's Librarian) was the part-time Keeper.

Simon Bailey became the 21st Keeper of the Archives, following a decision by Oxford University to combine the Keeper and Archivist posts in 2000. The archives became part of the Bodleian Library, the main Oxford University library, in August 2010.

Bailey is a Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford.
Bailey's father was the actor Robin Bailey.
First Thatcher ministry
Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative majority government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism.

This article details the first Thatcher ministry which she led at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth II from 1979 to 1983.

Janet Young, Baroness Young
Janet Mary Young, Baroness Young, PC, DL (née Baker, 23 October 1926 – 6 September 2002) was a British Conservative Party politician. She served as the first ever female Leader of the House of Lords from 1981 to 1983, first as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and from 1982 as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. She was the only woman ever appointed to the Cabinet by Margaret Thatcher.
Pålsbufjorden
Pålsbufjorden is a lake in the municipalities of Hol and Nore og Uvdal, both in Buskerud County, Norway. The water table lies 749 meters above sea level. The area of the lake is 19.55 square kilometres (7.55 sq mi).  The Pålsbu kraftverk hydro-electric plant was built to extract power from the water that draining from Pålsbufjorden down into Tunhovdfjorden. The power plant, which went into operation during 2007, is designed as a turbine from above and is built in concrete.  It is located just below Pålsbufjorden dam. Pålsbufjorden and Tunhovdfjorden are both part of the  Numedalslågen watershed.

Nore og Uvdal
Nore og Uvdal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Numedal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rødberg.

The area of Nore was separated from the municipality of Rollag in 1858. The municipality of Nore was divided into two municipalities on 1 January 1901: Nore and Uvdal.  These two municipalities were merged back together on 1 January 1962, and the new municipality was called Nore og Uvdal.
Yenibosna (Istanbul Metro)
Yenibosna is a station on the M1 line of the Istanbul Metro in Bakırköy, Istanbul. The station was opened on 25 July 1995 and was the western terminus of the M1 until 2002, when the line was extended towards Atatürk Airport.

Bakırköy
Bakırköy is a municipality and district in the European part of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 29 km2, and its population is 226,685 (2022). Bakırköy lies between the D.100 highway (locally known as E-5) and the coast of the Sea of Marmara. Bakırköy houses a large psychiatric hospital, and is an important shopping and commercial center.
Cyphellostereum unoquinoum
Cyphellostereum unoquinoum is a little-known species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was first described as a new species in 2017 and is known only from a single location high in the humid forests of Floreana Island in the Galápagos. The lichen forms loose mats of green, hair-like threads that grow on moss-covered tree branches. Its closest genetic relative appears to be a species from Fiji.

Hygrophoraceae
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Zhalehi Rural District
Zhalehi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ژاله‌ای) is in Karbasak District of Zabol County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zhalehi, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,077 people in 346 households.

Karbasak District
Karbasak District (Persian: بخش کرباسک) is in Zabol County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Karbasak, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,313 people in 369 households.
Mount Fernow
Mount Fernow is a tall peak in the North Cascades in the U.S. state of Washington and within the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the Wenatchee National Forest. At 9,249 feet (2,819 m) in elevation it is the eighth-highest peak in Washington and the state's third-highest non-volcanic peak. It is also the highest peak of the Entiat Mountains, a sub-range of the Cascades. Mount Fernow's prominence is 2,811 ft (857 m), making it the sixtieth-most-prominent peak in Washington. The closest peak to Fernow is Copper Peak, 0.88 mi (1.42 km) to the north, and the nearest higher peak is Bonanza Peak, 5.9 mi (9.5 km) to the north.

Mount Fernow is flanked by several glaciers. Other large glaciated peaks are nearby, such as Seven Fingered Jack to the south. The headwaters of the Entiat River rise from the south slopes of Mount Fernow and the east slopes of Seven Fingered Jack.

Glacier Peak Wilderness
Glacier Peak Wilderness is a 566,057-acre (229,075 ha), 35-mile-long (56 km), 20-mile-wide (32 km) wilderness area  located within portions of Chelan, Snohomish, and Skagit counties in the North Cascades of Washington. The area lies within parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Mount Baker National Forest and is characterized by heavily forested stream courses, steep-sided valleys, and dramatic glacier-crowned peaks. The dominant geologic feature of the area is 10,541-foot (3,213 m) Glacier Peak. It is the most remote major volcanic peak in the Cascade Range and is the third most heavily glaciated volcano in the lower forty-eight states behind Mount Rainier and Mount Baker. Glacier Peak is a volcanic cone of basalt, pumice, and ash which erupted during periods of heavy glaciation.
Acrisinae
Acrisinae is a subfamily of the tree frog family Hylidae. There are only two genera in this subfamily, Acris (cricket frogs) and Pseudacris (chorus frogs). They are native to most of the Nearctic realm, and are found as far north as the Great Slave Lake in Canada, all across the United States, and down Baja California and some parts of northern Mexico. One species, the pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla), has been introduced to several locations outside its range, and it is possible that other species may have been as well.

These frogs are mainly found on woody vegetation near water in habitats such as grasslands, wetlands, swamps, and vernal pools.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Katsuren Seiyū
Katsuren Ueekata Seiyū (勝連 親方 盛祐; ? – 17 July 1719) also known by Bin Ueekata Seiyū (保栄茂 親方 盛祐) and his Chinese style name Mō Ōhō (毛 応鳳), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

King Shō Kei dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1714. Prince Kin Chōyū (金武 朝祐, also known by and Shō Eikyō 尚 永恭) and he was appointed as Envoy (正使, seishi) and Deputy Envoy (副使, fukushi) respectively. They sailed back in the next year.

He served as a member of Sanshikan from 1716 to 1719.

Ueekata
Ueekata (親方), in the Okinawan language, was the highest rank in the yukatchu aristocracy of the former Ryukyu Kingdom (modern-day Okinawa, Japan), though it was still below the aji nobility. Members of the Council of Three (三司官, Sanshikan), a very high-ranking governmental body, were chosen from among the ueekata.

Ueekata rank was generally obtained as the last step in a progression from shii (子) rank to satonushi (里之子), then to peekumi (親雲上), and finally to ueekata. As with other Ryukyuan aristocratic titles, a member would often be referred to by their title, along with an associated placename. For example, royal government official Tei Dō (1549-1611) is equally well known by the title Jana Ueekata, or "ueekata of Jana," Jana (謝名) being an area (specifically, an azana) within what is today the city of Ginowan, Okinawa.

Holders of ueekata rank wore purple hachimachi headbands, the color being a symbol of rank.
Perhaps (song)
"Perhaps" is a song by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released as a single on August 18, 2023. A limited edition 7-inch vinyl, with "The General" as its "R-side", was originally scheduled to be released on October 27, 2023 but the release was postponed to December 8, 2023. Like the band's previous two singles, "Absurd" and "Hard Skool", the origins of this song date back to the writing and recording process of Chinese Democracy from the late 1990s.

Absurd (song)
"Absurd" (stylized as "ABSUЯD") is a song by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released as a single on August 6, 2021. The song marks the group's first release of new material since the release of Chinese Democracy in 2008. It is also the first new track to feature guitarist Slash and bassist Duff McKagan since the 1994 release of "Sympathy for the Devil". Originally written during the Chinese Democracy sessions, "Absurd" was first performed live in 2001 as "Silkworms". The reworked version made its live debut on August 3, 2021 in Boston.