hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English nationalism
English nationalism is a nationalism that asserts that the English are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of English people. In a general sense, it comprises political and social movements and sentiment inspired by a love for English culture, language and history, and a sense of pride in England and the English people. English nationalists often see themselves as predominantly English rather than British.

At political level, some English nationalists – such as the English Democrats – have advocated self-government for England. This could take the form of either a devolved English parliament within the United Kingdom or the re-establishment of an independent sovereign state of England outside the United Kingdom.

Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman (Norman: Anglo-Normaund; French: Anglo-normand), also known as Anglo-Norman French and part of the French of England (including Anglo-French) was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period.
Peace River-Liard Regional District
Peace River-Liard Regional District was a regional district in northeastern British Columbia, spanning from Tumbler Ridge in the southwest to Lower Post on the northwest, in the angle of British Columbia's borders with Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Alberta.  It was created on October 31, 1967, and split into Fort Nelson-Liard Regional District and the Peace River Regional District on October 31, 1987.  The Fort Nelson-Liard Regional District was renamed the Northern Rockies Regional District, then made into the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality on May 26, 1999.

Lower Post
Lower Post is an aboriginal community in the Stikine Region of far northern British Columbia, Canada, located on Highway 97, the Alaska Highway, approximately 15 miles (24 kilometres) southeast of Watson Lake, Yukon. Its historical mile designation is Mile 620. It is located near the confluence of the Dease and Liard Rivers.
Kosmos 2105
Kosmos 2105 (Russian: Космос 2105 meaning Cosmos 2105) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces' Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 2105 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 02:33 UTC on 20 November 1990. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1990-099A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20941.

It re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 21 January 2008.

US-K
Upravlyaemy Sputnik Kontinentalny (US-K; Russian: Управляемый Спутник Континентальный meaning Continental Controllable Satellite; Russian: УС-К) is a series of Russian, previously Soviet, satellites used to detect missile launches as part of the Oko system. It consists of a constellation of satellites, usually in molniya orbits, designated under the Kosmos system. The satellites are built by the company NPO Lavochkin and are launched on Molniya-M rockets. Oko can be directly translated as the Russian word for eye.  As of June 2014, only two of the eight satellites in orbit were still functional, rendering the system inoperable.
NGC 3106
NGC 3106 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. The galaxy lies about 290 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3106 is approximately 100,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 13, 1785.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Music 2000
Music 2000 (known in North America as MTV Music Generator) is a music sequencer program and music video game developed by Jester Interactive and published by Codemasters for the PlayStation and Windows in 1999. It is a sequel to Music from 1998. A sequel, MTV Music Generator 2, was released in 2001.

Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

Music video games are distinct from purely audio games (e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound: Kaze no Regret) in that they feature a visual feedback, to lead the player through the game's soundtrack, although eidetic music games can fall under both categories.
2024 AON Open Challenger
The 2024 AON Open Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 20th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Genoa, Italy between 2 and 8 September 2024.

2024 ATP Challenger Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour in 2024 was the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2024 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 207 tournaments with prize money ranging from $41,000 up to $225,500. It was the 47th edition of Challenger tournaments cycle and 16th under the name of Challenger Tour.
Rupert Penry-Jones
Rupert William Penry-Jones (born 22 September 1970) is an English actor from London. He is known for his performances as Adam Carter in Spooks, Clive Reader in Silk, DI Joseph Chandler in Whitechapel, and Mr. Quinlan in the American horror series The Strain.

J. B. Priestley
John Boynton Priestley (/ˈpriːstli/; 13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.

His Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction, notably in The Good Companions (1929), which first brought him to wide public notice. Many of his plays are structured around a time slip, and he went on to develop a new theory of time, with different dimensions that link past, present and future.

In 1940, he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio talks, which were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain. In the following years his left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government and influenced the development of the welfare state. He wrote a number of plays during this period, including An Inspector Calls (1945).
1974 Coliseum Mall International
The 1974 Coliseum Mall International, also known as the Hampton Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Hampton Roads Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia in the United States that was part of the 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from March 4 through March 10, 1974. First-seeded player Jimmy Connors won his second consecutive singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money.

1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit
The 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit , also known by its sponsored name Schick Tennis Classic, was a professional tennis circuit held in the United States from January until April that year. It consisted of 13 tournaments and was organized by Bill Riordan and sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA). The circuit offered total prize money of over $400,000 including a bonus pool of $100,000 available for the top eight players who participated in at least six tournaments.
Valery Arshba
Valery Arshba (Abkhaz: Валери Шалва-иҧа Аршба, Russian: Валерий Шалвович Аршба, Georgian: ვალერი არშბა; born 4 October 1949 in Tkvarcheli) was the first Vice President of the Republic of Abkhazia. He was first elected to the office on 5 January 1995, under President Vladislav Ardzinba, and the pair was re-elected in the 1999 Presidential election where they ran unopposed. Arshba initially was a candidate in the October 2004 Abkhazian presidential election, but he withdrew just before the start of the campaign period due to pressure from his family. During the post-election crisis that followed, Arshba supported opposition candidate Sergei Bagapsh, and when the latter eventually became President following a power-sharing agreement with his rival Raul Khajimba and new elections in January 2005, Valery Arshba was made head of the presidential administration of Abkhazia on 15 February 2005.

Vice President of Abkhazia
The vice president of the Abkhaz Republic, a partially recognized state, internationally regarded as a part of Georgia, is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new president of Abkhazia upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. Additionally, the vice president would assume the presidency in case the president becomes incapable of carrying out the presidential duties.
Andree, Minnesota
Andree is an unincorporated community in Stanchfield Township, Isanti County, Minnesota, United States.

Isanti County Road 4 and State Highway 65 (MN 65) are two of the main routes in the community.

Nearby places include Braham, Stanchfield, Coin, Brunswick, and Rice Creek Wildlife Management Area.

Brunswick, Minnesota
Brunswick is an unincorporated community in Brunswick Township, Kanabec County, Minnesota, United States.  The community is located between Mora and Rock Creek at the junction of State Highway 65 (MN 65) and State Highway 70 (MN 70).

The Groundhouse River flows through the community. Nearby places include Mora, Braham, Coin, Stanchfield, and Grasston.

ZIP codes 55051 (Mora) and 55006 (Braham) meet near Brunswick.
Carex wightiana
Carex wightiana is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of India.

It was described by the botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1834 as published in Contributions to the Botany of India.

Carex
Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books). Other members of the family Cyperaceae are also called sedges; however, those of genus Carex may be called true sedges. Carex is the most species-rich genus in the family. The study of Carex is known as caricology.
Tashigang, Himachal Pradesh
Tashigang is a village near an ancient monastery in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, at a staggering altitude of 15,256 feet above msl. It is a settlement in Kinnaur and is located in the Sutlej river valley near the India-Tibet border. National Highway 5 connects Khab with state capital Shimla. Below Tashigangis flows the Sutlej river, which originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. The villages of Nako and Khab are nearby. Current Tashigang is controlled by India but claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. You can go to the mountain Gang Chua via here through a pass.

Khab
Khab is a small village in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is located in the Sutlej river valley near the India-Tibet border. National Highway 5 connects Khab with state capital Shimla. Khab sangam is the confluence of Spiti river and Sutlej river. The Spiti river flowing through the spiti valley here meets the Sutlej, which originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. The ancient monastery of Tashigang Gompa is nearby. The peak of Reo Purgil, which rises to 22,400 feet (6,800 m), is visible and the cold desert of Spiti lies across the nearby bridge.
Andover Cricket Club
Andover Cricket Club is an English cricket club based in Andover, Hampshire. Originally formed in 1865, the club has been at its present ground at London Road, Andover since the 1930s. The club runs four senior teams, with the 1st XI competing in the Southern Premier Cricket League, whilst the 2nd, 3rd and 4th teams play in the Hampshire Cricket League. In addition to the senior squads, Andover Cricket Club has a Youth section with over 200 members subscribed. The club achieved ECB Clubmark accreditation in 2007.

Andover were founder members of the Hampshire Cricket League in 1973, and finished runners-up in the first two years of the league's existence, but had to wait until 1997 for their first championship win.

Southern Premier Cricket League
The Southern Premier Cricket League is the top level of competition for recreational club cricket in central southern England. The League was founded in 1969 under the name Southern Cricket League, and in 2000 it adopted the name Southern Premier Cricket League when it became an ECB Premier League.

The league primarily covers Hampshire, but also has clubs from Dorset, Isle of Wight, Surrey, West Sussex, and Wiltshire. In the past there have also been clubs from Berkshire.

The league runs a Premier Division, Division One, Division Two and a Division Three. Relegated teams from Division Three are relegated into the Hampshire Cricket League.
Rolls-Royce Spectre
The Rolls-Royce Spectre is a full-sized luxury electric grand tourer manufactured by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. The Spectre was formally launched in Napa Valley, California in 2023. The first deliveries of the car were made in the last quarter of 2023.

It is Rolls-Royce's first electric vehicle (EV) and rides on the same platform as the Phantom and Cullinan.

Rolls-Royce Cullinan
The Rolls-Royce Cullinan is a full-size luxury crossover sport utility vehicle (SUV) manufactured by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars as the brand's first all-wheel drive vehicle. It is named after the Cullinan Diamond, the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever discovered.

The Cullinan is positioned above the Ghost and below the Phantom in Rolls-Royce's range, with a starting price in the United States of approximately US$325,000 (£255,000). It was unveiled in May 2018 at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este in Italy, and launched globally at an Autumn press event later that year in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, US.

At the moment, the Cullinan is the second best-selling Rolls-Royce of all time, after the Silver Shadow.

Rolls-Royce announced production of the Cullinan Series II would begin in August 2024.
Royal Lao Armed Forces
The Royal Lao Armed Forces (Lao: ກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ; French: Forces Armées du Royaume), best known by its French acronym FAR, were the official military of the Kingdom of Laos, a state that existed from 1949 to 1975 in what is now the Lao People's Democratic Republic. First created under the French protectorate of Laos on July 1, 1949, the FAR was responsible for the defense of the Kingdom since its independence in October 1953 from France, until its dissolution on December 2, 1975. It operated notably during the North Vietnamese invasion of Laos and the Laotian Civil War from 1960 to 1975.

Seno, Laos
Seno (Lao: ເຊໂນ) is a town located in the Savannakhet Province of Laos.

Seno held the highest temperature recorded in Laos when 42.3 °C (108.1 °F) was observed on 12 April 2016. That ended when Luang Prabang reached 42.7 °C (108.9 °F) on 19 April 2023 and later 43.5 °C (110.3 °F) on 6 May 2023.
Kosmos 903
Kosmos 903 (Russian: Космос 903 meaning Cosmos 903) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1977 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 903 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 01:38 UTC on 11 April 1977. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1977-027A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 9911.

It was reported in History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System, that it self-destructed.

The primary portion of it re-entered on August 4, 2014, but several pieces of its debris still remain in orbit.

Kosmos (satellite)
Kosmos (Russian: Космос, IPA: [ˈkosməs], meaning '(outer) space') is a designation given to many satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962.
Kharkiv Tractor Plant
Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ or HTZ) (Ukrainian: Харківський тракторний завод, ХТЗ, romanized: Kharkivskyi Traktornyi Zavod) is an agricultural machinery manufacturer in the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. Established in 1930–31, as a centerpiece of Stalin's First Five-Year Plan for Soviet industrialization (1927–32), KhTZ was Ukraine's largest tractor manufacturer, producing both wheeled and tracked tractors. In 2016, the Ukrainian security service (SBU) alleged that at the Kremlin's direction the Russian owners were planning to decommission the enterprise. The industrial plant was reported destroyed by extensive shelling and resulting fires on the fourth day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

Volgograd Tractor Plant
The Volgograd Tractor Plant (Russian: Волгоградский тракторный завод, Volgogradski traktorni zavod, or ВгТЗ, VgTZ), formerly the Dzerzhinskiy Tractor Factory or the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, is a heavy equipment factory located in Volgograd, Russia. It was once one of the largest tractor manufacturing enterprises in the USSR. It was a site of fierce fighting during World War II's Battle of Stalingrad.

During its lifetime, VgTZ has supplied more than 2.5 million tractors to the farming industry, making a huge contribution to the mechanization of agriculture. VgTZ tractors operate in 32 countries throughout Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and Latin America. Also used for the production of military vehicles, VgTZ is inextricably linked with the history of Soviet tank building. The plant continues to operate on a small scale, but much of it is now derelict or has been demolished.
Glengallan Homestead
Glengallan Homestead is a heritage-listed homestead on the New England Highway, Glengallan, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1864 to 1904. It is also known as Glengallan Head Station. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 and is open to the public.

Cunninghams Gap
Cunninghams Gap is a pass over the Great Dividing Range between the Darling Downs and the Fassifern Valley in Queensland, Australia. The Gap is the major route over the Main Range along the Great Dividing Range, between Warwick and Brisbane.  The Cunningham Highway was built to provide road transport between the two regions.

It is situated in Main Range National Park, between the peaks of Mount Cordeaux and Mount Mitchell. On a clear day the pass forms a distinct break in Main Range's profile as seen from Brisbane.  It is located in Tregony in the Southern Downs Region immediately beside the boundary to Tarome in the Scenic Rim Region local government area.

The highway itself is a scenic drive although steep with an eight degree grade on the descent.
Granzyme B
Granzyme B (GrB) is one of the serine protease granzymes most commonly found in the granules of natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T cells. It is secreted by these cells along with the pore forming protein perforin to mediate apoptosis in target cells.

Granzyme B has also been found to be produced by a wide range of non-cytotoxic cells ranging from basophils and mast cells to smooth muscle cells. The secondary functions of granzyme B are also numerous. Granzyme B has shown to be involved in inducing inflammation by stimulating cytokine release and is also involved in extracellular matrix remodelling.

Elevated levels of granzyme B are also implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, several skin diseases, and type 1 diabetes.

Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Ivanychi light railway
The Ivanychi light railway (historical name: Feldbahn Iwaniczy–Raczyn) was an approximately 95 km (59 mi) long light railway with a track gauge of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) from Ivanychi via Pavlivka, Rachyn, Horokhiv, Stoianiv and Tartakiv to Sokal in Volhynia (now in the Volyn Oblast and Lviv Oblast in Ukraine), which operated in parts at least from 1915 to 1928.

Volyn Oblast
Volyn Oblast (Ukrainian: Волинська область, romanized: Volynska oblast) or simply Volyn (Ukrainian: Волинь), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. It borders Rivne Oblast to the east, Lviv Oblast to the south, Poland to the west and Belarus to the north. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town and the last station in Ukraine on the rail line running from Kyiv to Warsaw. The population is 1,021,356 (2022 estimate).
Sthapit
Sthāpit (Nepali: स्थापित)  is a Nepalese caste from the Newa people of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. Sthapits are part of the Uray group which includes Tuladhar, Kansakar, Tamrakar, Bania, Sindurakar, Selalik Kasthakar and other castes. Their religion is Newar Buddhism and their mother tongue is Nepal Bhasa.

Traditional Sthapit neighborhoods in Kathmandu are Thaymaru, Bhindyah, Makhan, Mikhadwan and Lagan. Makhan contains the largest population of Sthapits.

Newar Buddhism
Newar Buddhism is a form of Vajrayana Buddhism practiced by the Newar people of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It has developed unique socio-religious elements, which include a non-monastic Buddhist society based on the Newar caste system and patrilineality.

Although there was a vibrant regional tradition of Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley during the first millennium, the transformation into a distinctive cultural and linguistic form of Buddhism appears to have taken place in the fifteenth century, at about the same time that similar regional forms of Indic Buddhism such as those of Kashmir and Indonesia were on the wane.
Intersindical Nacional Galega
The Intersindical Nacional Galega (Galician National Inter-Union in English language) was a nationalist and anticapitalist galician union formed in March 1977 as a result of the merge of the Galician Workers Union, UTEG, UTSG, UTBG, STGAP and the SGTM. Francisco García Montes was elected Secretary General. The ING celebrated its first Congress in October 1977.

In the first union elections of 1978 the ING became the third most voted union in Galiza, with 722 elected delegates (13.5%). In September 1980 the ING merged with the Central de Traballadores Galegos, achieving then the most representative union status,  exceeding the 15% required and gaining 1,679 delegates (17.5%). In 1981 the union was refounded and renamed as the INTG.

Galician nationalism
Galician nationalism is a form of nationalism found mostly in Galicia, which asserts that Galicians are a nation and that promotes the cultural unity of Galicians. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.