hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1950 United States census
The 1950 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 151,325,798, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 131,669,275 persons enumerated during the 1940 census.

This was the first census in which:

More than one state recorded a population of over 10 million

Every state and territory recorded a population of over 100,000

All 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 100,000

On April 1, 2022, the National Archives and Records Administration released scanned census enumeration sheets to the general public, in accordance with the 72 year rule. It is the most recent census to have full public availability.

1940 United States census
The 1940 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked including where people were five years before, highest educational grade achieved, and information about wages.  This census introduced sampling techniques; one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form.  Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939. This was the first census in which every state (48) had a population greater than 100,000, and the first census to also include a "long form" (sent to only a subset of the households) with additional questions about socioeconomic and housing characteristics (the "long form" would be used for last time in the 2000 census, being replaced by American Community Survey afterwards).
Øyna
Øyna is a village in Arendal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the far northeastern tip of the island of Tromøy. The village sits about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) south of the village of Narestø on the neighboring island of Flostaøya.

Arendal
Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːɫ] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene, Eydehavn, Færvik, Strengereid, Kongshavn, Kilsund, Brattekleiv, Torsbudalen, Longum, Saltrød, Staubø, Vrengen, and Kolbjørnsvik. The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal.

The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality is the 273rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 45,891. The municipality's population density is 179.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (466/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Kızılliman
Kızılliman (literally" Red harbor") is a Mediterranean headland in Turkey known for the ruins of ancient stone quarry Melenie.

The tip of the headland is at 36°04′11″N 33°04′43″E﻿ / ﻿36.06972°N 33.07861°E﻿ / 36.06972; 33.07861  to the west of Tekmen town. Administratively, it is a part of Bozyazı ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. The length of the headland is about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi).  Its distance to Bozyazı is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and to Mersin is 202 kilometres (126 mi).

The ancient quarry Melenie is on the headland. The stone material of the quarry is a type of stone more malleable than the other type of stones around like slate or shale. In the ruins there are partially shaped stone blocks which give the impression that the site was aboandoned in a hurry.

Bozyazı
Bozyazı is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 642 km2, and its population is 26,812 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, 220 km (137 mi) west of the city of Mersin.
Isolume
Isolumes are the preferred light zone of an organism in the ocean in the preferendum hypothesis. The preferendum hypothesis suggests that some organisms living in the mesopelagic zone, change their depth as light levels change in order to remain in their isolume. Organisms prefer to remain within a certain light level for a variety of reason. Some organisms, like Sergestidae, Euphausiid, and Palinuridae, use bioluminescence to camouflage their existence from predators and they change their depth as conditions change to stay in their isolume. Zooplankton in Arctic and Antarctic regions will remain at the same depth for months at a time due to the long winters with little to no daylight.

Organisms of the same species do not always exist in the same isolume and numerous factors can change what light levels an organism prefers to live within including age, sex, and competition for food.

Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (660 to 3,280 ft) below the ocean surface.

The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture.
Calcar
The calcar, also known as the calcaneum, is the name given to a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats, as well as to a similar spur on the legs of some arthropods.

The calcar serves to help spread the interfemoral membrane, which is part of the wing membrane between the tail and the hind legs.

Calcar (femorale) also refers to the dense, vertically oriented bone present in the posteromedial region of the femoral shaft inferior to the lesser trochanter.

Microbat
Microbats constitute the suborder Microchiroptera within the order Chiroptera (bats). Bats have long been differentiated into Megachiroptera (megabats) and Microchiroptera, based on their size, the use of echolocation by the Microchiroptera and other features; molecular evidence suggests a somewhat different subdivision, as the microbats have been shown to be a paraphyletic group.
Brezovska Gora
Brezovska Gora (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzɔu̯ska ˈɡɔːɾa]; German: Birkenberg) is a small settlement in the hills west of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Krško
Krško (pronounced [ˈkə́ɾʃkɔ] ⓘ; German: Gurkfeld) is a town in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the City Municipality of Krško. The town lies on the Sava River and on the northwest edge of the Krško Plain (Slovene: Krško polje), which is part of the larger Krka Flat (Slovene: Krška ravan). The area is divided between the traditional regions of Styria (territory on the left bank of the Sava) and Lower Carniola (territory on the right bank of the Sava). The entire municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Slovenia's only nuclear power plant, the Krško Nuclear Power Plant, lies southeast of the town.
Bill Delahunt
William David Delahunt (/ˈdɛləhʌnt/; July 18, 1941 – March 30, 2024) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 10th congressional district from 1997 to 2011. Delahunt did not seek re-election in 2010, and left Congress in January 2011. He was succeeded by Norfolk County District Attorney Bill Keating.

United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations
The U.S. House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations is a standing subcommittee within the House Foreign Affairs Committee. It was previously known as the Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. At the start of the 118th Congress, it was given jurisdiction over global health policy and global human rights, which was traditionally under the purview of the Africa subcommittee.
Hubert Lafayette Sone
Hubert Lafayette Sone, (June 7, 1892 – September 8, 1970), also known as Soong (or Sung) Hsu-Peh (Chinese: 宋煦伯) in Chinese, was an American Methodist missionary in China. He was a professor of Old Testament at Nanjing Theological Seminary during the Japanese invasion in 1937. Sone was among the small group of foreigners who remained in the city and provided aid to the Chinese victims of the Japanese atrocities. He served with John Rabe on the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone and was Associate Food Commissioner. On 18 February 1938 the name of the committee was changed to the "Nanjing International Relief Committee." After the departure of George Fitch, Sone was elected Director of the Nanjing International Relief Committee. For their actions in support of the Chinese people, Sone and thirteen other Americans were awarded "The Order of the Blue Jade" by the Chinese government.

John Rabe
John Heinrich Detlef Rabe (23 November 1882 – 5 January 1950) was a German diplomat and businessman best known for his efforts to stop Japanese war crimes and protect Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. The Nanking Safety Zone, which he helped to establish, sheltered approximately 250,000 Chinese people from Imperial Japanese Army atrocities. A member of the Nazi Party, Rabe had been sent to China as an official representative of Nazi Germany in the European-U.S. diplomatic quarter in Nanjing, the Republic of China's capital. He served as senior chief of the diplomatic mission at the time of Japanese conquest.
The Mooseman
The Mooseman is an adventure video game developed by the Perm-based Russian studio Morteshka and released in 2017. The game is based on the mythology of Komi, as well as other Finno-Ugric peoples, and is an attempt at artistic reconstruction of mythological plots. The game tells the story of the Mooseman, the shaman and one of the seven sons of the creator god Yen, who must travel to the underworld to retrieve Shondi (the sun) and save the world from the eternal cold.

The Mooseman was well received by the gaming press. It was praised for its distinctive and atmospheric art style, sound design, skillful use of the mythology in the story, but criticized for its short length.

Komi-Permyak language
Komi-Permyak (перем коми кыв, IPA: [ˈperem ˈkomi kɨv], or коми-пермяцкӧй кыв, IPA: [ˈkomi perˈmʲɑtskəj kɨv]), also known as Permyak, is one of two Permic varieties in the Uralic language family that form a pluricentric language, the other being Komi-Zyryan. Udmurt is another Permic language spoken outside of the region and not a member of the Komi pluricentric language.

The Komi-Permyak language, spoken in Perm Krai of Russia and written using the Komi Cyrillic alphabet, was co-official with Russian in the Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai.
Si Siman
Si Siman (born Ely E. Siman Jr.; January 17, 1921 – December 16, 1994) was an American country music executive as a radio producer, talent agent, songwriter, record producer, television producer and music publisher who helped transform the sound of music in the Ozarks after World War II and into the 1980s. He discovered Country Music Hall of Fame Members Chet Atkins and Porter Wagoner, and secured record deals for The Browns and Brenda Lee among others; and was the key figure behind Ozark Jubilee, the first network television series to feature America's top country music stars.  According to the Encyclopedia of Country Music, he was "the driving force in the emergence of Springfield, Missouri, as a country music center in the 1950s."

Springfield News-Leader
The Springfield News-Leader is the predominant newspaper for the city of Springfield, Missouri, and covers the Ozarks.  The News-Leader has a daily circulation of 32,363 and a Sunday circulation of 51,402 as of September 2013. Sunday single copy costs $2.00 in the metro area and $3.00 in the state area. The cost is $2.00 other days of the week. Digital and print subscriptions are available.
Koy Sanjaq Christian Neo-Aramaic
Koy Sanjaq Christian Neo-Aramaic (native name: ܣܘܪܬ, romanized: Sûrat) is a variety of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic spoken by Christian Assyrians in Koy Sanjaq in the Erbil Governorate, Iraq. Koy Sanjaq Jewish Neo-Aramaic is a separate variety spoken by Jews in the same town.

Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Koy Sanjaq
Koy Sanjaq Jewish Neo-Aramaic is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic in the Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic cluster. All speakers migrated to Israel in 1951 and as of 1985, the language was being acquired by children raised in Shtula, a moshav in Israel.
525 Adelaide
525 Adelaide is an S-type asteroid belonging to the Flora family in the Main Belt. It was discovered 21 October 1908 by Joel Hastings Metcalf.

Previously, the object A904 EB, discovered 14 March 1904 by Max Wolf, had been named 525 Adelaide but was subsequently lost. When it was rediscovered 3 October 1930 by Sylvain Arend as  1930 TA, it was named 1171 Rusthawelia. Some 28 years passed before the two objects were realized to be the same. 1930 TA retained the name Rusthawelia (and discovery credited to Arend); the name 525 Adelaide was reused for the object 1908 EKa.

Another confusion occurred in 1929, one year before Arend's discovery, when American astronomer Anne Sewell Young thought to have found long-lost "Adelaide", when in fact she mistook the asteroid for comet 31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann that had a very similar orbital eccentricity.

Flora family
The Flora family (adj. Florian; FIN: 402; also known as the Ariadne family) is a prominent family of stony asteroids located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It is one of the largest families with more than 13,000 known members, or approximately 3.5% of all main-belt asteroids.

The origin and properties of this family are relatively poorly understood. It is a very broad family which gradually fades into the surrounding background population. While the largest members, 8 Flora and 43 Ariadne, are located near the edge, there are several distinct groupings within the family, possibly created by later, secondary collisions. Due to this complex internal structure and the poorly defined boundaries, the Flora family has also been described as an asteroid clan. Only a few interlopers have been identified. This family may be the source of the impactor that formed the Chicxulub crater, the likely culprit in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Old Furnace, Pennsylvania
Old Furnace is located in Union County, Pennsylvania, about 15 miles (24 km) south of the city of Williamsport and about 70 miles (110 km) north of Harrisburg.

41°04′24″N 76°56′28″W﻿ / ﻿41.07336°N 76.941093°W﻿ / 41.07336; -76.941093

Union County, Pennsylvania
Union County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,681. Its county seat is Lewisburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. Its name is an allusion to the federal Union. Mifflinburg was established by legislation as the first county seat until it was moved to New Berlin in 1815. Lewisburg became county seat in 1855 and has remained so since. Union County comprises the Lewisburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
EXMARaLDA
EXMARaLDA (Extensible Markup Language for Discourse Annotation) is a set of free software tools for creating, managing and analyzing spoken language corpora. It consists of a transcription tool (comparable to tools like Praat or Transcriber), a tool for administering corpus meta data and a tool for doing queries (KWIC searches) on spoken language corpora. EXMARaLDA is used for doing conversation and discourse analysis, dialectology, phonology and research into first and second language acquisition in children and adults. EXMARaLDA is based on the open standards XML and Unicode and programmed in Java.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Bogbodia
Bogbodia is a bog-inhabiting agaric fungal genus that colonizes peat and Sphagnum and produces tan-colored fruit bodies. The only species in the genus is Bogbodia uda. Characteristically it forms chrysocystidia and rather large, finely roughened, violaceous basidiospores each with a poorly defined germ pore. The genus differs from Hypholoma which has smaller, smooth basidiospores and typically have cespitose fruit bodies and decay wood. Phylogenetically, Bogbodia is distinct from Hypholoma, Pholiota, and Leratiomyces.

Pholiota
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
Zodiac (cipher)
In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum.

Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure with key whitening. The round function uses only XORs and S-box lookups. There are two 8×8-bit S-boxes: one based on the discrete exponentiation 45x as in SAFER, the other using the multiplicative inverse in the finite field GF(28), as introduced by SHARK.

Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions.

Feistel cipher
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel, who did pioneering research while working for IBM; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A large number of block ciphers use the scheme, including the US Data Encryption Standard, the Soviet/Russian GOST (aka Magma) and the more recent Blowfish and Twofish ciphers. In a Feistel cipher, encryption and decryption are very similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times.
West Barsham
West Barsham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Barsham, in the North Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 89. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form Barsham.

The village is one of four settlements within the parish of Barsham. The other villages are North Barsham, East Barsham and Houghton Saint Giles.

West Barsham is 3.2 miles (5.1 km) north of the town of Fakenham, 24.1 miles (38.8 km) west of Cromer, and 117 miles (188 km) north of London. The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.

Sheringham
Sheringham (/ˈʃɛrɪŋəm/; population 7,367) is a seaside town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".
Second Razak cabinet
Abdul Razak Hussein formed the second Razak cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah to form a new government following the 24 August 1974 general elections in Malaysia. Prior to the election, Razak led (as Prime Minister) the first Razak cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 6th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.

This is a list of the members of the second cabinet of the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Abdul Razak Hussein.

First Razak cabinet
Abdul Razak Hussein formed the first Razak cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah to begin a new government following the resignation of the previous Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman. Prior to the resignation, Rahman led (as Prime Minister) the third Rahman cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Alliance Party. It was the 5th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.

This is a list of the members of the first cabinet of the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, Abdul Razak Hussein.
Sycamore Service Corps
Sycamore Service Corps is a local program of AmeriCorps in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is sponsored by the Center for Public Service and Community Engagement at Indiana State University. Sycamore Service Corps provide service to local non-profit organizations.

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Les Bains Des Docks
Les Bains Des Docks (The Bath by the docks) is an Aquatic Center in the city of Le Havre, France. It was designed by award winning architectural firm Ateliers Jean Nouvel as part of an effort by Le Havre to revitalize its docks and warehouse district.

Jean Nouvel
Jean Nouvel (French: [ʒɑ̃ nuvɛl]; born 12 August 1945) is a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a founding member of Mars 1976 and Syndicat de l'Architecture, France’s first labor union for architects. He has obtained a number of prestigious distinctions over the course of his career, including the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (for the Institut du Monde Arabe which Nouvel designed), the Wolf Prize in Arts in 2005 and the Pritzker Prize in 2008. A number of museums and architectural centres have presented retrospectives of his work.