hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Texas House of Representatives election
The 2014 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 84th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms.

At the beginning of the Eighty-third Texas Legislature following the 2012 Texas State House of Representatives elections, the Democrats held 55 seats to the Republicans' 95.

This election marked the first time Republicans ever won a state house race in Chambers County.

2012 Texas House of Representatives election
The 2012 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state senators in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 83rd Texas Legislature, with seats apportioned according to the 2010 United States census. State representatives serve for two-year terms.

At the beginning of the Eighty-second Texas Legislature following the 2010 Texas State House of Representatives elections, the Democrats held 49 seats to the Republicans' 101.

As of 2022, this is the last time Democrats won a state house seat in Chambers or Galveston county. This is also the first time a Republican has ever won a state house seat in Jefferson County (although the incumbent was a former Democrat who switched parties after winning re-election in 2010).
Fringe benefits tax
A fringe benefits tax (FBT) is  taxation of most, but not all fringe benefits, which are generally non-cash employee benefits.  The rationale behind FBT is that it helps restore equity and fairness to those employees who do not receive such benefits, and allows a Federal Government to more fairly assess taxpayer entitlement to government benefits, or liability to government taxes or levies.

This kind of taxation is done in a number of countries and the applicable laws vary. See the corresponding articles for details.

Fringe benefits tax (Australia)

Fringe benefits tax (New Zealand)

Fringe benefits tax (India)

Fringe benefits tax (India)
The fringe benefits tax (FBT) was the tax applied to most, although not all, fringe benefits in India. A new tax was imposed on employers by India's Finance Act 2005 from the financial year commencing April 1, 2005. The fringe benefit tax was temporarily suspended in the 2009 Union budget of India by the then Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee.

The following items were covered:

Employer's expenses on entertainment, travel, employee welfare and accommodation. The definition of fringe benefits that have become taxable has been significantly extended. The law provides an exact list of taxable items.

Employer's provision of employee transportation to work or a cash allowances for this purpose.

Employer's contributions to an approved retirement plan (called a superannuation fund).

Employee stock option plans (ESOPs) have also been brought under fringe benefits tax from the fiscal year 2007–08.
Tautology (rule of inference)
In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs. They are:

The principle of idempotency of disjunction:

and the principle of idempotency of conjunction:

Where "" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a logical proof with".

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Superclásico de las Américas
The Superclassic of the Americas (Portuguese: Superclássico das Américas, Spanish: Superclásico de las Américas), was an annual friendly football match between the national teams of Argentina and Brazil.

Established in 2011 and organized by CONMEBOL, the Superclásico de las Américas is a successor of the Roca Cup, a similar competition held from 1914 to 1976.

Roca Cup
The Roca Cup (Spanish: Copa Roca) was a football competition contested between Argentina and Brazil national teams from 1914 to 1976 on irregular basis. The Copa Roca was the first trophy, official or unofficial, ever won by a Brazil national team.
2023 Catalonia Open
The 2023 Catalonia Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament and part of the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place at the Club Tennis Reus Monterols in Reus, Tarragona, Spain between 2 and 7 May 2023.

Catalonia Open (tennis)
The Catalonia Open is a WTA 125-level professional women's tennis tournament. It takes place on outdoor clay courts, in the month of April or May at various locations in the region of Catalonia in Spain. The first edition was staged at the Club Tennis Reus Monterols in the city of Reus in Tarragona in 2023 with plans to host the tournament in other clubs in the region in order to promote women's tennis. The 2024 edition took place in Lleida; the 2025 edition took place in Vic.

The prize money is $115,000. The tournament director is former top 100 player Laura Pous Tió.
Palasport Del Mauro
Palasport Giacomo Del Mauro is an indoor sporting arena that is located in Avellino, Italy.  The seating capacity of the arena for basketball games is 5,300 people. The arena was primarily used to host home basketball games of the S.S. Felice Scandone professional basketball team, of the Italian League.

Avellino
Avellino (Italian: [avelˈliːno] ⓘ; Irpino: Avillino [avilˈliːnə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Avellino. It is situated in a plain surrounded by mountains 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of Naples and is an important hub on the road from Salerno to Benevento.
Centenary Stormers FC
Centenary Stormers FC is an Australian football (soccer) club from Darra, a southwestern suburb of Brisbane. The club is a relative newcomer to the Brisbane football scene, having been formed in 2000. The club currently has a strong emphasis on the development of its junior players with a focus on the age groups running from Under 6s to Under 12s.

The club has participated in senior Football Brisbane competition since 2007 and is expected to compete in the Brisbane Premier League for the first time in 2018. The club currently plays in the Football Queensland Premier League 3 – Metro.

Football Queensland Premier League – Metro
The Football Queensland Premier League – Metro is a Queensland soccer league that was founded in 2021 and administered by Football Queensland Metro. It consists of four divisions; Division 3, Division 4, Division 5 and Division 6 in connection with the Football Queensland Premier League's first and second divisions run by Football Queensland.

The league premiers earn automatic promotion to the next tier up; with Division 3 clubs gaining promotion to the Queensland Premier League (the third-tier league in Queensland from season 2020 onwards), while the second place team participates in a playoff series with the other south east Queensland conference premiers for the second promotion spot. The bottom two teams at the end of the season are relegated to the next tier in Brisbane.
GWR Victoria Class
The Great Western Railway Victoria Class were 2-4-0 broad gauge steam locomotives for passenger train work. This class was introduced into service in two batches between August 1856 and May 1864. They were all withdrawn between 1876 and December 1880.

The first eight locomotives were named after ruling heads of state, but the remaining locomotives received the names of famous engineers, starting with the railway's own Isambard Kingdom Brunel. This theme was continued with the Hawthorn Class that followed.

2-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.

The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender. A subset is 2-4-0WT, a configuration in which the water is under the bolier in a well tank.
Brooklyn (cocktail)
The Brooklyn is one of five cocktails named for the boroughs of New York City, along with the Bronx, the Manhattan, the Queens and the Staten Island Ferry.  It resembles a Manhattan, but with dry vermouth, Picon, and Maraschino. It largely fell into obscurity after the end of Prohibition, but experienced a resurgence in the 1990s.

The Brooklyn was originally invented by actor and playwright Maurice Hegeman in 1910 at the Schmidt Cafe near the Brooklyn side of the Brooklyn Bridge; although in a different version than what is now considered the standard version of a Brooklyn. Hegeman's Brooklyn included a mix of hard cider, absinthe, and ginger ale.

If Picon is unavailable, another bittersweet orange liqueur (such as Bigallet China-China) or several dashes of Angostura bitters may be used.

Bronx (cocktail)
The Bronx is a cocktail. It is essentially a Perfect Martini with orange juice added. It was ranked number three in "The World's 10 Most Famous Cocktails in 1934" behind the Martini (#1) and the Manhattan (#2).
In the 1934 movie "The Thin Man", the lead actor (William Powell) compared the methods for shaking the Manhattan, the Bronx and the Martini.
Kunnukara
Kunnukara is a census town and panchayat in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. The village is situated on the airport road connecting North Paravur (NH66) and Nedumbassery (NH544). North Paravur is the nearest town, 7 km from this village. Aluva (10 km) and Angamaly (12 km) are also near Kunnukara. Its administrative headquarters is in Kunnukara Town itself. The Mini Civil Station has four hospitals and all the Govt. offices, among others.

Angamaly
Angamaly (Malayalam pronunciation: [ɐŋgɐmɐːli]) is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. Angamaly is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located northeast of the Kochi city centre. As of the 2011 Indian census, the municipality has a population of 33,465 people and a population density of 1,633/km2 (4,230/sq mi).
2024 Zip Buy Now, Pay Later 250
The 2024 Zip Buy Now, Pay Later 250 was the 14th stock car race of the 2024 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 2nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 8, 2024, in Sonoma, California at Sonoma Raceway, a 1.99 miles (3.20 km) permanent asphalt road course. The race took the scheduled 79 laps to complete. Shane van Gisbergen, driving for Kaulig Racing, would cruise to a dominating victory, winning the pole and leading a race-high 32 laps to earn his second career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his second consecutive win of the season. Ty Gibbs led 26 laps in the race, before being involved in late race pileup on lap 49. To fill out the podium, Sheldon Creed, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, and Sam Mayer, driving for JR Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series at Sonoma Raceway
The Sonoma 250 is a NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series race that is held at the Sonoma Raceway road course in Sonoma, California. Since its first year in 2023, the race has been held in June on the same weekend as the NASCAR Cup Series race at the track, the Toyota/Save Mart 350, and the ARCA Menards Series West race at the track, the General Tire 200.
Metropolitan-Suburban Province
The Metropolitan-Suburban Province was a three-member electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, located in the metropolitan region of Perth. It was created by the Constitution Acts Amendment Act 1899, and became effective on 29 August 1900 following a special election to fill all three seats. Historically taking in many coastal and riverside areas in the western suburbs of Perth, it was considered safe for the Nationalist Party for most of its existence.

At the 1950 elections, it was renamed Suburban Province, losing Claremont and Subiaco and moving inland. In 1963–1964, electoral changes to the Legislative Council, which abolished the 10 three-member seats and created 15 two-member seats in their place, resulted in the seat's abolishment, with its area being divided between North-East Metropolitan Province and South-East Metropolitan Province.

South-East Metropolitan Province
The South-East Metropolitan Province was a two-member electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council, located in metropolitan Perth. It was one of several metropolitan seats created following the enactment of the Constitution Acts Amendment Act (No.2) 1963, and became effective on 22 May 1965. The province, with its mix of safe Labor and Liberal Assembly seats, also produced mixed fortunes for both parties until 1983, when a redistribution turned it into a safe Labor seat and the two sitting Liberal members successfully transferred to the new South Central Metropolitan Province seat.

In 1989, the province was abolished by the Acts Amendment (Electoral Reform) Act 1987, and was split between the East Metropolitan and South Metropolitan five-member regions under the new proportional voting system.
Weizhou, Wenchuan County
Weizhou (Chinese: 威州; pinyin: Wēizhōu; formerly known as Weichow or Weikiu) is a town and the county seat of Wenchuan County, northwestern Sichuan province, Southwestern China. The town has an area of 128 square kilometers and a population of 31,409.

Wenchuan County
Wenchuan County is a county in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. The county has an area of 4,084 square kilometres (1,577 sq mi), and a population of 100,771 as of 2010. Wolong National Nature Reserve is a protected area located in Wenchuan County, which houses more than 150 highly endangered giant pandas. The Wolong Special Administrative Region is also located here.

The county's Yingxiu town was the site of the epicentre of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, also known as the Wenchuan earthquake.
Express Non-Stop
Express Non-Stop is the third studio album by Danish band Alphabeat. It was released on 24 September 2012 by Copenhagen Records. Unlike their two previous albums This is Alphabeat and The Spell, it was released solely in their native Denmark. Express Non-Stop reached number three on the Danish charts. The first two singles from the album, "Vacation" and "Love Sea", were certified gold in Denmark.

Alphabeat (album)
Alphabeat is the debut studio album by Danish band Alphabeat. It was first released in Denmark on 5 March 2007 by Copenhagen Records, and eventually in the rest of Europe in 2008 under the title This Is Alphabeat by the revived Charisma Records with an alternative track listing.

In June 2018, This is Alphabeat was re-released exclusively on vinyl, in celebration of the album's 10th anniversary.
Ken Plummer (rugby union)
Kenneth Clive Plummer (born 17 January 1947) is an English former rugby union international.

Plummer, born in Falmouth, Cornwall, was a winger and started his career at Cornish club Penryn RFC. After joining Bristol, he gained his first England cap in a 1969 Five Nations match against Wales, but was immediately discarded having seen his opposite winger Maurice Richards score four tries. Another opportunity didn't come until the 1976 Five Nations, where he featured in three of the matches. He was club captain of Bristol in the 1976–77 and 1977–78 seasons.

Maurice Richards
Maurice Charles Rees Richards (born 2 February 1945) is a Welsh former dual-code international rugby footballer. A wing, he was part of the 1968 British Lions tour to South Africa.

Richards played rugby union at club level for Cardiff, and the Wales national rugby union team, famously scoring four tries in a Five Nations match against England, before switching to rugby league in 1969 with Salford.
Animelo Summer Live
Animelo Summer Live, abbreviated as Anisama (アニサマ, Anisama), is the biggest annual anime song music festival in Japan hosted by Dwango and Nippon Cultural Broadcasting. Animelo Summer Live has been held every summer since 2005.

Mages (company)
Mages Inc. (株式会社メージス, Kabushiki gaisha Mējisu; stylized "MAGES.inc"), formerly 5pb. Inc. (株式会社5pb., Kabushiki gaisha 5pb.; short for "The Five powered & basics"), is a Japanese video game developer and record label for video game and anime music.
Escambia County, Florida
Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 321,905. The county seat and largest city is Pensacola. Escambia County is included within the Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county population has steadily increased as the City of Pensacola and its surrounding bedroom communities continue to grow with residential and commercial development. The county is part of the Northwest Florida region of the state.

WKRG-TV
WKRG-TV (channel 5) is a television station licensed to Mobile, Alabama, United States, serving southwest Alabama and northwest Florida as an affiliate of CBS. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Gulf Shores, Alabama–licensed CW owned-and-operated station WFNA (channel 55). The two stations share studios with several radio stations owned by iHeartMedia on Broadcast Drive in southwest Mobile; WKRG-TV's transmitter is located in unincorporated Baldwin County near Spanish Fort, Alabama.
Arena da Amazônia
Arena da Amazônia (Amazon Arena) is a football stadium in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, located on the former site of the Vivaldão stadium. The stadium has an all-seater capacity of 42,924 and was constructed from 2010 to 2014 as part of Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It hosted matches of the football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics. During the World Cup, the arena had a limited maximum-capacity of 40,549.

Eduardo Gomes International Airport
Manaus–Eduardo Gomes International Airport (IATA: MAO, ICAO: SBEG) is an international airport serving Manaus, Brazil. On 11 December 1973, while still under construction, the name of the facility was changed from Supersonic Airport of Manaus (owing to its design enabling Concorde operations) to Eduardo Gomes International Airport, celebrating the Brazilian politician and military figure Air Marshal Eduardo Gomes (1896–1981).

It is operated by Vinci Airports.
Larsnes Church
Larsnes Church (Norwegian: Larsnes kyrkje; formerly named: Larsnes Chapel) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Sande Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Larsnes on the island of Gurskøya. It is an annex chapel in the Gursken parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The gray and white, concrete building was built in 1989 using plans drawn up by the architects Alf Apalseth and Ole Myren. The building seats about 250 people.

Sande Municipality (Møre og Romsdal)
Sande is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Larsnes on the island of Gurskøya. Other villages in Sande include Gjerdsvika, Haugsbygda, Sandshamn, Bringsinghaug, and Voksa.

The 93-square-kilometre (36 sq mi) municipality is the 332nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sande Municipality is the 261st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,438. The municipality's population density is 26.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (68/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Glastonbury Festival 2022
The 2022 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts took place between 22 and 26 June. The three headlining acts were Billie Eilish, Kendrick Lamar and Paul McCartney, with Diana Ross performing in the Legends slot.

This was the first in-person festival since 2019 with the previous two editions being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, known as enforced "fallow" years.

Blue Weekend
Blue Weekend is the third studio album by English rock band Wolf Alice, released on 4 June 2021 through Dirty Hit. Their first studio album in four years, Blue Weekend was preceded by four singles—"The Last Man on Earth", "Smile", "No Hard Feelings" and "How Can I Make It OK?". The album received acclaim from music critics, with many naming it the band's best work, and was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize in 2021. It was their final album with Dirty Hit before signing with Columbia Records.
Simon Clark (novelist)
Simon Clark (born 20 April 1958) is a horror novelist from Doncaster, England. He is the author of the novel The Night of the Triffids, the novella Humpty's Bones, and the short story Goblin City Lights, which have all won awards.

Most of his stories are based in Yorkshire, his home county. He also uses a technique that he calls "The Art of Wandering". The idea for Goblin City Lights arose from wandering in a London graveyard. His other novels include Blood Crazy, recently extrapolated into a series, On Deadly Ground (Formerly King Blood), the Vampyrrhic series, Cold Legion and Sherlock Holmes: Lord Of Damnation.

Lists of books based on Doctor Who
Lists of books based on Doctor Who cover different types of book in the Doctor Who media franchise.
These include novels, audiobooks, and short story anthologies. The lists are organized by publisher and imprint.
Robert Brokenshire
Robert Lawrence Brokenshire (born 1957) is a South Australian dairy farmer and former member of the South Australian Parliament. He represented the Australian Conservatives from 26 April 2017 to election defeat in 2018, and Family First Party before that.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Bob Snyder (musician)
Bob Snyder (August 11, 1936 – August 28, 2019) was an American musician known for playing tenor sax, alto sax, clarinet, and flute. He performed with The Airmen of Note, the Glenn Miller Air Force Dance Band, and Lionel Hampton. He also served as staff musician for Motown Records, Stax Records, and WJR radio. He made a very popular clarinet recording of the song "Amazing Grace" at the Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island) on Mackinac Island, Michigan.

Dick Johnson, when in charge of the Artie Shaw Orchestra, said Snyder was the best musician playing at the time.

Dick Johnson (clarinetist)
Richard Brown Johnson (December 1, 1925 – January 10, 2010) was an American big band clarinetist, best known for his work with the Artie Shaw Band.   From 1983 until his death he was the leader of the Artie Shaw Orchestra.

Born in Brockton, Massachusetts, he also played the alto saxophone and  flute. Johnson worked with Frank Sinatra, the Swing Shift Orchestra, Dizzy Gillespie and Tony Bennett.

Johnson died in Boston, Massachusetts after a short illness, aged 84.