hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coagulation (water treatment)
In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. The coagulation-flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Iron and aluminium salts are the most widely used coagulants but salts of other metals such as titanium and zirconium have been found to be highly effective as well.

Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.  Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
Ahrenshöft
Ahrenshöft (North Frisian: Oornshaud; Danish: Arnshøft, Arenshøft or Arenshoved) is a municipality in Nordfriesland district, in northern Germany.

The municipality covers an area of 8.65 km2. 
Of the total population of 527, 268 are male, and 259 are female (Dec 31, 2002). 
The population density of the community is 61 inhabitants per km2.

Nordfriesland (district)
Nordfriesland (German pronunciation: [nɔʁtˈfʁiːslant] ⓘ; Danish: Nordfrisland; North Frisian: Nordfraschlönj [nɔʀdˈfʀaʃlœɲ] Low German: Noordfreesland), also known as North Frisia, is the northernmost district of Germany, part of the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It includes almost all of traditional North Frisia (with the exception of the island of Heligoland), as well as adjacent parts of the Schleswig Geest to the east and Stapelholm to the south, and is bounded (from the east and clockwise) by the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Dithmarschen, the North Sea and the Danish county of South Jutland.  The district is called Kreis Nordfriesland in German, Kreis Noordfreesland in Low German, Kris Nordfraschlönj in Mooring North Frisian, Kreis Nuurdfresklun in Fering North Frisian and Nordfrislands amt in Danish.

As of 2008, Nordfriesland was the most visited rural district in Germany.
St Mary's Church, Ambleside
St Mary's Church is in Ambleside, Cumbria, England. It was built in the 1850s to a design by George Gilbert Scott in Gothic Revival style (specifically Decorated Gothic).
The building is Grade II* listed. Notable features include its stone spire, which is a local landmark and an unusual feature in Lake District churches.

The building is constructed of slate, the typical building stone of the locality, and sandstone which is used for dressings and the spire.

Ambleside
Ambleside is a town in the civil parish of Lakes and the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Westmorland and located in the Lake District National Park, the town sits at the head of Windermere, England's largest natural lake. In 2022 the built up area had an estimated population of 2,586.
Ukarumpa
Ukarumpa is an intentional international community that is the main centre for SIL-PNG, located in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) by road from Kainantu in the Aiyura Valley.  The population consists of a variety of paid staff and volunteer staff who live nearby.  The centre was established in 1957. The current population is approximately 600. It is at an elevation of approximately 1600 m (5300 feet) above sea level.

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica (commonly known as cogongrass /koʊˈɡoʊn/ or kunai grass /ˈkuːnaɪ/) is a species of perennial rhizomatous grass native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australia, Africa, and Southern Europe. It has also been introduced to Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Southeastern United States. It is a highly flammable pyrophyte, and can spread rapidly by colonizing disturbed areas and encouraging more frequent wildfires.
HMS Chester (1691)
HMS Chester was a 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched 21 March 1691. She was ordered on 20 March 1690 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard by Master Shipwright Joseph Lawrence - on the same day as her stable-mate Centurion (to be built at Deptford Dockyard), and six days after the first ship of this batch (the Chatham to be built at Chatham Dockyard) - to a similar design to the prototype of this "123-ft" type - the Sedgemoor of 1687. She was launched on 21 March 1691 (15 days after the Centurion and 30 days before the Chatham).

She was captured by the French 56-gun privateer Jason at the Battle at The Lizard on 21 October 1707.

HMS Sedgemoor
HMS Sedgemoor was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy, launched at Chatham Dockyard in May 1687. She was named to commemorate the King's victory over the Monmouth Rebellion at the Battle of Sedgemoor in July 1685. One of only three 50-gun ships to be built during James II's brief reign (all three completed with an unusual "square tuck" stern), she was first commissioned on 5 May 1687 under Captain David Lloyd, who was still in command (although actually ashore in Dover) when she was wrecked twenty months later.
Gujarati Thali
Gujarati Thali (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી થાળી, romanized: Gujarātī Thāḷī) is an assortment of dishes arranged as a platter for lunch or dinner in restaurants and homes, mostly in Gujarat and places with Gujarati diaspora. “Thali” literally means “plate”.

The Gujarati Thali consists of various dishes like ringana methi nu shak, Gujarati khatti mithi daal, undhiyu, bhindi sambhariya], aloo rasila, steamed basmati rice, badshahi khichdi, Chapati, methi na thepla and bhakhri with kachumber salad along with various types of chutney.

Gujarati thali prepared in Gujarati households has at least three fresh vegetable dishes, one dry dal or some sprouted pulses dish (ugaadayla mung, for instance), a wet dal, kadhi, kathor (a savoury), mithai, poori, rotis, steamed rice, chaash and papad.

Kathiawadi Thali is a variation of Gujarati Thali.

Thali
Thali (Hindi: थाली thālī, meaning "plate" or "tray") or bhojanam (Telugu: భోజనం bhōjanaṁ, meaning "full meal") is a round platter used to serve food in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Thali is also used to refer to an Indian-style meal made up of a selection of various dishes which are served on a platter. Thali is also used in south Asia for ceremonial purposes.
Kater's pendulum
A Kater's pendulum is a reversible free swinging pendulum invented by British physicist and army captain Henry Kater in 1817 (made public on 29 January 1818), for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity. Its advantage is that, unlike previous pendulum gravimeters, the pendulum's centre of gravity and center of oscillation do not have to be determined, allowing a greater accuracy. For about a century, until the 1930s, Kater's pendulum and its various refinements remained the standard method for measuring the strength of the Earth's gravity during geodetic surveys. It is now used only for demonstrating pendulum principles.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (German: [ˈbɛsl̩]; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method of parallax. Certain important mathematical functions were first studied systematically by Bessel and were named Bessel functions in his honour.
5333 Kanaya
5333 Kanaya, provisional designation 1990 UH, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter.

The asteroid was discovered on 18 October 1990, by Japanese astronomers Makio Akiyama and Toshimasa Furuta at Mishima Observatory (886) in Susono, Japan, and named for the Japanese city of Kanaya.

Makio Akiyama
Makio Akiyama (秋山 万喜夫, Akiyama Makio; born 1950) is a Japanese astronomer affiliated with the Susono Observatory (886). He is a discoverer of minor planets, credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 16 numbered minor planets during 1989–1999.

In 1992 he discovered the asteroid 6251 Setsuko in collaboration with astronomer Toshimasa Furuta, and named it after his wife Setsuko Akiyama (born 1953) in May 1996 (M.P.C. 27129).

The main-belt asteroid 4904 Makio, discovered by Yoshikane Mizuno and Toshimasa Furuta at Kani Observatory (403) in 1989, is named after him. Naming citation was published on 5 March 1996 (M.P.C. 26763).
Sinchon
Sinchon (Korean: 신촌) is a region of South Korea surrounding Sinchon-dong, Changcheon-dong, Nogosan-dong and Daeheung-dong. It is known for its numerous universities including Yonsei University, Ewha Womans University, Sogang University, Hongik University, as well as its vibrant nightlife.

Hongik University
Hongik University (Korean: 홍익대학교; colloquially as Hongdae) is a private university in Mapo, Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1946. The university also maintains a branch campus in Sejong City. The university's colloquial name, "Hongdae," is a metonymy for the neighborhood, Hongdae area.
Michael Nugent
Michael Nugent (born 1 June 1961) is an Irish writer and activist. He has written, co-written or contributed to seven books and the comedy musical play I, Keano. He has campaigned on many political issues, often with his late wife Anne Holliday, and is chairperson of the advocacy group Atheist Ireland.

Peace Train Organisation
The Peace Train Organisation was a campaign group set up in 1989 in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in response to the repeated bombing of the Dublin to Belfast railway line (see Enterprise (train)) by the Provisional IRA.
John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford
John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (13 February 1686 – 20 February 1703), sometimes called Charles Churchill, was an English nobleman. He was the heir apparent to the dukedom of Marlborough –  as the only surviving son of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an accomplished general, and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, a close friend of Queen Anne. Blandford died childless in 1703, and upon his father's death in 1722, the dukedom passed to his eldest sister, Lady Henrietta Godolphin (née Churchill).

Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough
Henrietta Godolphin, suo jure Duchess of Marlborough (19 July 1681 – 24 October 1733) was the daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, general of the army, and Sarah Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough, close friend and business manager of Queen Anne.
Boulton Paul P.71A
The Boulton & Paul P.71A was a 1930s British twin-engined all-metal biplane transport aircraft by Boulton & Paul Ltd used by Imperial Airways for feeder-line work. The P.71 was development of the P.64 Mailplane which had not met the airline's specifications. Two aircraft entered service in early 1935 but both were lost to accidents by end of 1936.

Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar
The Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar is an aircraft engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley. The Jaguar was a petrol-fuelled air-cooled 14-cylinder two-row radial engine design.  The Jaguar III was first used in 1923, followed in 1925 by the Jaguar IV and in 1927 by the Jaguar VI. In 1925 the Jaguar became the first production aero engine incorporating a geared supercharger.
Brent Knoll
Brent Knoll is a 137-metre-high (449 ft) hill on the Somerset Levels, in Somerset, England. It is located roughly halfway between Weston-super-Mare and Bridgwater, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Bristol Channel coast at Burnham-on-Sea. At the foot of the hill are two villages East Brent and Brent Knoll, which takes its name from the hill but was previously called South Brent. The hill's size and isolated position on the levels mean that it dominates the landscape and can be seen for many miles, and its prominence is emphasised to travellers because the Bristol to Taunton railway line, M5 motorway, A370 and A38 roads all pass within a mile or less from its base.

Bridgwater
Bridgwater is a historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. The town had a population of 41,276 at the 2021 census. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies along both sides of the River Parrett; it has been a major inland port and trading centre since the industrial revolution. Most of its industrial bases still stand today. Its larger neighbour, Taunton, is linked to Bridgwater via a canal, the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line.

Historically, the town had a politically radical tendency. The Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685, was fought nearby. Notable buildings include the Church of St Mary and Blake Museum, which is a largely restored house in Blake Street and was the birthplace of Admiral Blake in 1598. The town has an arts centre and plays host to the annual Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival.
24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual
The 24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual is an esports 24-hour automobile endurance race. Part of the Le Mans Virtual Series, it simulates the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with drivers competing in Le Mans Prototype (LMP) and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance (LMGTE) vehicles. The 24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual is held on a simulated version of the Circuit de la Sarthe. The event is hosted by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest and the FIA World Endurance Championship on Motorsport Games' rFactor 2. So far, the event has been held three times; 2020, 2022 and 2023.

2022–23 Le Mans Virtual Series
The 2022–23 Le Mans Virtual Series was the second season of the Le Mans Virtual Series which is an Esports endurance series. The five-event season began at the Bahrain International Circuit on 17 September 2022 and finished at the Circuit de la Sarthe for the 24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual on 14–15 January 2023.

The series is open for Le Mans Prototype (LMP2) and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance (LMGTE) classes.
Gagnon River
The Gagnon River is a tributary of the Upper Channel which flows into Lake Saint-Paul (which flows into the St. Lawrence River via the Godefroy River).

The "Gagnon River" flows through the town of Bécancour, in the Bécancour Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

Godefroy River
The Godefroy River (in French: rivière Godefroy) is a tributary of the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. This watercourse flows in the town of Bécancour, in Bécancour Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.
Nanao Tile Kiln Site
Nanao tile kiln ruins (七尾瓦窯跡, Nanao Kawara-gama ato) is an archaeological site consisting of the remains of Asuka period kilns located in what is now the Kishibe-kita neighborhood of the city of Suita, Osaka Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.  It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1980.

Suita
Suita (吹田市, Suita-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 381,238 in 182,636 households, and a population density of 11,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 36.09 square kilometres (13.93 sq mi). It is a suburb of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe metropolitan area.
First Battle of Lamia
The First Battle of Lamia was fought in 209 BC between the forces of Philip V of Macedon and the Aetolians led by Pyrrhias. The Aetolians were aided by a small Roman force and a force from the kingdom of Pergamon. The Macedonians were victorious. Another battle was fought at Lamia within the year.

In the First Battle of Lamia the Aetolian league suffered almost 1,000 casualties.

Philip V of Macedon
Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; 238 BC – 179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First (212-205 BC) and Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars. While he lost the latter, Philip later allied with Rome against Antiochus III in the Roman-Seleucid War. He died in 179 BC from illness after efforts to recover the military and economic condition of Macedonia and passed the throne onto his elder son, Perseus of Macedon.
1992 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1992 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 84th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Portaferry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 13 September 1992 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballygalget and Ballycran, in what was their first meeting in the final in two years. Ballygalget won the match by 0–11 to 0–10 to claim their 10th championship title overall and a first title in two years.

1990 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1990 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Portaferry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 9 September 1990 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballygalget and Ballycran, in what was their first meeting in the final in three years. Ballygalget won the match by 3–13 to 2–12 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in seven years.
Ohio Adjutant General's Department
Ohio Adjutant General's Department is in the executive branch of government in the State of Ohio concerned with the military forces of the State of Ohio in the United States of America.

The Adjutant General has responsibility for the Ohio Army National Guard, the Ohio Air National Guard, the Ohio Naval Militia and the Ohio Military Reserve.

Ohio Naval Militia
The Ohio Naval Militia (Ohio Navy) is the naval militia of the State of Ohio. It is the naval arm of the State of Ohio's Adjutant General's Department, and is part of Ohio's military forces.

Their operational headquarters are on the Camp Perry Joint Training Center, in Port Clinton, Ohio, on the shores of Lake Erie.

Members, who are at least 18 years of age (17 with parental consent; there are no upper age limitations), typically drill one weekend a month and one "short" week in the summer.  From the months of April, through November, the drills consist primarily of patrolling the impact area of Lake Erie immediately adjacent to Camp Perry's firing range.
Quandialla
Quandialla  is a village in the Central West region of New South Wales Australia. The town is 412 kilometres (256 mi) west of Sydney.  It is situated on the plains at the western edge of the Weddin Shire. The town of Grenfell is 46 kilometres (29 mi) to the north-east, Young is 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the south-east and West Wyalong is 57 kilometres (35 mi) to the west.  The Weddin Mountains are within sight.

At the 2011 census, Quandialla and the surrounding area had a population of 349.

West Wyalong
West Wyalong is the main town of the Bland Shire in the northern Riverina region of western New South Wales, Australia. In the 2021 Census, West Wyalong's population was 3,037.

Located 467 kilometres (290 mi) west of Sydney as well as being 262 m (860 ft) above sea level, it is situated on the crossroads of the Newell Highway between Melbourne and Brisbane, and the Mid-Western Highway between Sydney and Adelaide.

The West Wyalong district is the largest cereal-growing centre in NSW. Eucalyptus oil production started in 1907 and the West Wyalong area became one of the major world exporters of the product.
The Church Brew Works
The Church Brew Works is a brewpub in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, set in the confines of a restored Roman Catholic church (formerly St. John the Baptist Church).

The brewpub is located at 3525 Liberty Avenue in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  The church building was originally built in 1902, and had been used as a church until 1993. Its doors opened as The Church Brew Works on August 1, 1996, after the building underwent extensive renovation, necessitated by years of lying dormant after being officially deconsecrated by the Diocese of Pittsburgh in 1993.

In 2012, Pittsburgh Magazine named it one of the best breweries in Pittsburgh.

Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)
Lawrenceville is one of the largest neighborhood areas in Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located northeast of downtown, and like many of the city's riverfront neighborhoods, it has an industrial past.  The city officially divides Lawrenceville into three neighborhoods, Upper Lawrenceville, Central Lawrenceville, and Lower Lawrenceville, but these distinctions have little practical effect. Accordingly, Lawrenceville is almost universally treated as a single large neighborhood.

In 2019, the Lawrenceville Historic District, which encompasses the majority of the neighborhood, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Agnivesha
Agnivesha (Sanskrit: अग्निवेश, romanized: Agniveśa)  is a legendary rishi (sage) in Hinduism, reputedly one of the earliest authors on Ayurveda (Indian alternative medicine). He is described to have codified the knowledge of his preceptor, Atreya, and arranged it in the form of a treatise, named the Charaka Samhita.

Rishi
In Indian religions, a rishi (Sanskrit: ऋषि IAST: ṛṣi) is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various Vedic texts. Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of the Vedas. The Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the rishis as "great yogis" or "sages" who after intense meditation (tapas) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns. The term appears in Pali literature as Isi; in Buddhism they can be either Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, Arahats or a monk of high rank.
Blijdorp RandstadRail station
Blijdorp is a metro station, as a part of the Rotterdam metro and the regional light rail system RandstadRail, located in Rotterdam-Blijdorp, the Netherlands.

The station was opened on 17 August 2010, together with the tunnel connecting the metro station of Rotterdam Centraal to the Hofpleinlijn, which is part of the RandstadRail project.
Since the station opened, line E trains run from Rotterdam Centraal towards Den Haag Centraal. After approximately one year, in 2011, a connection was established with the existing metro network of Rotterdam, allowing a direct connection between Slinge station and Den Haag Centraal.

On 26 May 2010 a disaster drill was held in this station. In order to make it seem real an old metrocar was destroyed

Slinge metro station
Slinge is an above-ground subway station in the south of the city of Rotterdam. It is part of Rotterdam Metro lines D and E. Slinge is the southern terminus of line E, while line D trains continue towards De Akkers station.