hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ionic Palace
The Ionic Palace (Polish: Pałac Joński; German: Ionischer Palast) is a historical neoclassical tenement building in Szczecin, Poland, located at 3 White Eagle Square, in the Old Town neighbourhood. It dates to the 18th century, and was furtherly expanded at the beginning of the next century. Currently it is one of faculty buildings of the Szczecin Art Academy.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
1952 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1952 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 42nd completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Cloughbawn entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 5 October 1952 at O'Kennedy Park in New Ross, between St Aidan's Enniscorthy and Horeswood. St Aidan's Enniscorthy won the match by 2–12 to 0–02 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in five years.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
Pope Street Bridge
The Pope Street Bridge is a stone bridge carrying Pope Street over the Napa River in St. Helena, California. Built by R. H. Pithie in 1894, the bridge is the oldest stone bridge in Napa County. The triple arch bridge is 175 feet (53 m) long and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide and cost $14,500 to build. The stone used to build the bridge came from a local quarry on Monticello Road near Mount George Grade. The bridge was designed for horse-drawn vehicles but has withstood automobile traffic; it also survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake without damage.

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 5, 1972.

Napa River
The Napa River is a river approximately 55 miles (89 km) long in the U.S. state of California.  It drains a famous wine-growing region called the Napa Valley, in the mountains north of the San Francisco Bay.  Milliken Creek and Mt. Veeder watersheds are a few of its many tributaries.  The river mouth is at Vallejo, where the intertidal zone of fresh and salt waters flow into the Carquinez Strait and the San Pablo Bay.
University of Toronto Schools
The University of Toronto Schools (UTS) is an independent secondary day school affiliated with the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school follows a specialized academic curriculum, and admission is determined by a written examination and Multiple Mini-Interviews. Two Nobel Prize laureates attended UTS.

Ontario Academic Credit
The Ontario Academic Credit (OAC), which may also be known as 12b (French: Cours préuniversitaire de l'Ontario or CPO) was a fifth year of secondary school education that previously existed in the province of Ontario, Canada, designed for students preparing for post-secondary education. The OAC curriculum was codified by the Ontario Ministry of Education in Ontario Schools: Intermediate and Senior (OS:IS) and its revisions. The Ontario education system had a final fifth year of secondary education, known as Grade 13 from 1921 to 1988; grade 13 was replaced by OAC for students starting high school (grade 9) in 1984.

OAC continued to act as a fifth year of secondary education until it was phased out in 2003.
Tonopah Air Force Base
Tonopah Air Force Base (Tonopah Army Air Field in World War II) is a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) in the USA that was a Tonopah Basin military installation until shortly after it was designated an Air Force Base in 1948.  Two of the runways still in use are maintained by Nye County, Nevada; and World War II building foundations and three hangars of the base remain at the municipal Tonopah Airport.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Kiril Ivkov
Kiril Lozanov Ivkov (Bulgarian: Кирил Лoзaнoв Ивков; 21 June 1946 – 24 May 2025) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender, most notably for Levski Sofia. In 1974 and 1975 he was named Bulgarian Footballer of the Year.

Ivkov made his Bulgaria debut in 1968, earning 44 caps and scoring one goal over an eleven-year international career. He was part of the squad for the 1968 Summer Olympics, where Bulgaria won the silver medal. Ivkov captained his country 10 times and played in the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Rafflesia arnoldii
Rafflesia arnoldii is a species of flowering plant in the parasitic genus Rafflesia within the family Rafflesiaceae. It is native to the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo.

It is commonly known as the corpse flower or giant padma.

It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on Earth. Although there are some plants with larger flowering organs like the titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum) and talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera), those are technically clusters of many flowers.

It is noted to have a strong and unpleasant odour akin to that of decaying flesh.

Rafflesia arnoldii is one of the three national flowers in Indonesia, the other two being the white jasmine (Jasminum sambac) and moon orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis). It was officially recognised as a national "rare flower" (Indonesian: puspa langka) in Presidential Decree No. 4 in 1993.

Titan arum
The titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum) is a flowering plant in  the family Araceae. It has a large unbranched inflorescence, a tall single leaf branched like a tree, and a heavy tuber which enables the plant to produce the inflorescence. A. titanum is endemic to rainforests on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Its flower blooms infrequently and only for a short period, and gives off a powerful scent of rotting flesh which attracts pollinators. As a consequence, it is characterized as a carrion flower, earning it the names corpse flower or corpse plant.

The titan arum was first brought to flower in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1889. Since then it has flowered at many botanic gardens. It remains difficult for amateurs to cultivate, but one flowered at Roseville High School in California in 2011. Flowerings can attract crowds of thousands of visitors, and in the 21st century also thousands on Internet live streaming.
Gege (title)
Gege (Manchu: ᡤᡝᡤᡝ; Chinese: 格格; pinyin: Gégé; Wade–Giles: Ko2-ko2) is the Manchu word for an unmarried daughter. During the Qing dynasty, it was the Manchu style of an imperial-born princess of an emperor. Daughters of all imperial princes above the rank of jiangjun also used the same title.

When a Manchu prince had concubines, the status of the wives, from highest to lowest, are the following: difujin (the official wife), cefujin (the first rank concubine), and gege. Historically, there were many gege, but few ever ascended to the status of cefujin. A gege could also be a daughter of imperial princess, even if she was promoted to gulun or heshuo princess. Only difujin and cefujin names are recorded in the imperial family lists of family members.

Empress Xiaozhuangwen
Bumbutai (Mongolian: Бумбутай; Manchu: ᠪᡠᠮᠪᡠᡨᠠᡳ; Chinese: 布木布泰; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her son, Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor, and as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her grandson, Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor.

As empress dowager and grand empress dowager, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. After her death, she was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaozhuangwen, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
Stroad
A stroad is a thoroughfare that combines the features of streets and roads. Common in the United States and Canada, stroads are wide arterials that also provide access to strip malls, drive-throughs, and other automobile-oriented businesses.

Stroads have been criticized by urban planners for safety issues and for inefficiencies. While streets serve as a destination and provide access to shops and residences at safe traffic speeds, and roads serve as a high-speed connection that can efficiently move traffic at high volume, stroads attempt to serve both purposes. Critics argue they are often an expensive, inefficient, and dangerous compromise.

Traffic calming
Traffic calming uses physical design, as well as traffic signs, road surface markings, road use rule changes, and other traffic engineering measures to improve road safety for motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists. It has become a tool used by urban planners and road designers to combat speeding and other unsafe behaviours of drivers. It aims to encourage safer, more responsible driving and potentially restrict traffic flow. Urban planners and traffic engineers have many strategies for traffic calming, including narrowed roads and speed humps. Such measures are common in Australia and Europe (especially Northern Europe), but less so in North America, where the focus is often more on facilitating motorized traffic flow. Although they are growing more popular. Traffic calming is a calque (literal translation) of the German word Verkehrsberuhigung – the term's first published use in English was in 1985 by Carmen Hass-Klau.
French court
The French court ("Cour de France" in French), often simply "la cour", refers to the group of people, known as courtiers, who lived in the direct entourage of the king or, under the First and Second Empires, the emperor.

In the Middle Ages, this courtly world included not only great lords but also royal and ministerial officers responsible for the administration of the realm, as well as advisors. With the decline of the great feudal lords, it evolved into a gathering of courtiers who sought royal favor and pensions.

By the end of the Ancien régime, the term "court" also came to represent royal power in its entirety. The court was the epicenter of political life in France until the Revolution. Even in the 19th century, the term continued to denote the royal and imperial courts during the various restorations and the two imperial regimes under Napoleon.

Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (French: palais des Tuileries, [palɛ de tɥilʁi]) was a palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in the west-front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 and demolished in 1883.

Construction began in 1564, originally to serve as a home for Queen Catherine de' Medici, and was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, the courtyard has remained open to the west, and the site now overlooks the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper.
Excise tax in the United States
Excise tax in the United States is an indirect tax on listed items. Excise taxes can be and are made by federal, state, and local governments and are not uniform throughout the United States. Certain goods, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, alcohol, and tobacco products, are taxed by multiple governments simultaneously. Some excise taxes are collected from the producer or retailer and not paid directly by the consumer, and as such, often remain "hidden" in the price of a product or service rather than being listed separately.

Ad valorem tax
An ad valorem tax (Latin for "according to value") is a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of a property. It is typically imposed at the time of a transaction, as in the case of a sales tax or value-added tax (VAT). An ad valorem tax may also be imposed annually, as in the case of a real or personal property tax, or in connection with another significant event (e.g., inheritance tax, expatriation tax, or tariff). In some countries, a stamp duty is imposed as an ad valorem tax.
Bay Parkway station (BMT Sea Beach Line)
The Bay Parkway station (formerly known as the 22nd Avenue station) is a local station on the BMT Sea Beach Line of the New York City Subway, located in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn at the intersection of Bay Parkway and West Seventh Street. It is served by the N train at all times. During rush hours, several W trains also serve this station.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Risoul
Risoul (French pronunciation: [ʁizul]; Occitan: Risòl) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. It is located in the French Alps between the towns of Briançon and Gap.

Risoul is home to a ski resort that partners with the neighbouring town, Vars, to form the Forêt Blanche ski resort, located between the Queyras and Écrins national parks. The ski resort is sometimes called Risoul 1850 because it is 1,850 meters above sea level.

Gap, Hautes-Alpes
Gap (French pronunciation: [ɡap], Occitan: [ˈɡap]) is the prefecture of the department of Hautes-Alpes, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southern France. With a population of about 41,000, it is the most populated city in Hautes-Alpes. At a height of 750 metres above sea level, to the south of the Écrins Massif, it is also France's highest prefecture.

Together with other Alpine towns, Gap engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Gap was awarded Alpine Town of the Year in 2002. In 2013 Gap was named the sportiest city in France by the national sports newspaper L'Équipe.
Beautiful Jersey
Beautiful Jersey or Man Bieau P'tit Jèrri is the local anthem of Jersey, sung in Jèrriais and English. It was composed by Englishman Lindsay Lennox, who died in 1906. During the Occupation, islanders would sing the song to keep their spirits up. Today it is performed at Liberation Day and as Jersey's national anthem at some sporting events. In 2025 it was formalised as Jersey's local anthem.

Liberation Day (Channel Islands)
Liberation Day (Jèrriais: Jour d'la Libéthâtion; Guernésiais: Lé Jour dé la Libératiaon) is the national day of both Guernsey and Jersey, the two largest of the Channel Islands, which takes place on 9 May each year. It commemorates the liberation of the Channel Islands on 9 May 1945, which marked the end of the islands' occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II. It falls on the same day as the European Union's Europe Day, which celebrates post-World War II peace and European unity. 9 May is a public holiday in both islands and each has different celebrations and commemorative events; the centrepiece of Jersey's is the Liberation Day re-enactment in the Liberation Square, while Guernsey's is an islandwide cavalcade of classic vehicles.
2015 Italian Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2015 Italian Open. It was his fourth Italian Open title, the second-most of all time behind Rafael Nadal. This is notable for being the only clay court final contested between Djokovic and Federer. It was Federer's fourth runner-up finish at the Italian Open (following defeats to Félix Mantilla in 2003 and to Nadal in 2006 and 2013), his career-best result at the event.

2015 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2015 Italian Open (also known as the 2015 Rome Masters or the sponsored title 2015 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 72nd edition of the Italian Open and was classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2015 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2015 WTA Tour. It took place from 10–17 May 2015.
Rio skate
The rio skate (Rioraja agassizii) is a shallow water skate native to the Atlantic coast of South America from Brazil to southern Argentina. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Rioraja.

The species is named in honor of zoologist-geologist Louis Agassiz.

Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera. Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae).

Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced.
Beibei Library
The Beibei Library (simplified Chinese: 北碚图书馆; traditional Chinese: 北碚圖書館) is a Chongqing-based public library in China, located at No. 26 Park Village, Beibei, Chongqing. It was originally named the Gorge District Library, founded by Lu Zuofu on May 27, 1928. At its inception, it had an area of 499.5 m2 (5,377 sq ft) and a collection of more than four hundred books. It is the most complete collection of newspapers and magazines published during the Republic of China period in the whole of China.

Beibei Library is a national first-level library and a national key unit for the protection of ancient books in China.

National first-class library
The national first-class, first-level or first-grade libraries (in Chinese: 国家一级图书馆) are state-level libraries that have been deliberated and decided upon by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The seventh evaluation was conducted in 2023.
Denariusa
Denariusa australis, known commonly as the pennyfish, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Ambassidae, the Asiatic glassfishes. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Denariusa. It is native to Papua New Guinea and Australia. This species grows to a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) SL.

Ambassidae
The Asiatic glassfishes are a family, the Ambassidae, of freshwater and marine ray-finned fishes. Some species are known as perchlets.

The family has also been called Chandidae, and some sources continue to use the name, but as Ambassidae was used earlier, it has precedence over Chandidae, which was first used in 1905.
Gaggio Montano
Gaggio Montano (Medial Mountain Bolognese: Gâg) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Bologna.

Gaggio Montano borders the following municipalities: Castel d'Aiano, Castel di Casio, Grizzana Morandi, Lizzano in Belvedere, Montese, Alto Reno Terme, Vergato.

Montese
Montese (Frignanese: Muntês) is a town in the province of Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

During World War II, the town was liberated by Brazilian forces on 17 April 1945 after the Battle of Montese.

There are neighborhoods in the Brazilian cities of Fortaleza and Belém named after the Italian city, in homage to the three Brazilian soldiers who died in the battle to take Montese from the Germans during World War II.
Perdizes, Minas Gerais
Perdizes is a Brazilian municipality located in the west of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 16,321 people living in a total area of 2,450 km2 (950 sq mi). The city belongs to the meso-region of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba and to the micro-region of Araxá.  It became a municipality in 1938.

Uberaba
Uberaba (Portuguese pronunciation: [ubeˈɾabɐ]) is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Highlands at an elevation of 823 metres (2,700 ft) above sea level on the Uberaba River, and is situated 418 kilometres (260 mi) from the state capital, Belo Horizonte. The city was granted its status in 1856 and derives its name from the Tupi language, meaning "bright water". As of 2022, the population was 337,836 inhabitants, making it the 7th-most populous city in Minas Gerais.
England and King David I
The relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his support for his niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, and expanded his power in northern England in the process, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Janina coat of arms
Janina is a Polish nobility clan coat-of-arms. Borne by several noble families descended in the-male line from the medieval lords of Janina (the eponyms of the clan) or legally adopted into the clan upon ennoblement.

Scutum (constellation)
Scutum is a small constellation. Its name is Latin for shield, and it was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by Johannes Hevelius in 1684. Located just south of the celestial equator, its four brightest stars form a narrow diamond shape.  It is one of the 88 IAU designated constellations defined in 1922.