hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cesca chair
The Cesca chair (/ˈtʃɛskə/) is a chair design created in 1928 by the Hungarian-American architect and designer Marcel Breuer. It consists of a tubular steel frame and a rattan seat and backing, and was the first such tubular-steel-frame, caned-seat chair to be mass-produced.  The design was named as a tribute to Breuer's adopted daughter Francesca (nicknamed Cesca).

The design was purchased in 1968 by Knoll Associates. Since then, approximately 250,000 of the chairs have been purchased. The three official manufacturers of the chair were Thonet (from 1927), Gavina (1950s), and Knoll (1960s - present.).

An original Cesca from 1928 is stored in the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan. Cara McCarty, a curator at the museum, referred to the chair as being "among the 10 most important chairs of the 20th century".

Chair
A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. It may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics.

Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.
Fern Levitt
Fern Levitt is a Canadian-born animal activist, documentary producer and director. Her films focus on human rights, the Holocaust, discrimination against African-Americans in the US, animal welfare, and socially relevant issues. She is best known for her 2016 documentary Sled Dogs, which aired on the CBC Documentary channel. It explores the Iditarod, raising allegations of animal cruelty among breeders, trainers and kennelers of the event's sled dogs.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; /ˈpiːtə/ PEE-tə; styled PeTA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and originally led by Ingrid Newkirk, its co-founder.

Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first gained attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case. The organization opposes factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and other activities it considers to be exploitation of animals.

The organization's controversial campaigns have been credited with drawing media attention to animal rights issues, but have also been widely criticized for their disruptive nature. Its use of euthanasia has resulted in legal action and a response from Virginia lawmakers.
Hiro Tonai
Hiro Tonai (ヒロ・トウナイ, Hiro Tōnai) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler best known for his tenure with Kaientai Dojo. He is also known for his work in various promotions of the Japanese independent scene.

Chiba Six Man Tag Team Championship
The Chiba 6-Man Tag Team Championship (Japanese: 千葉6人タッグ王座, Hepburn: Chiba Roku-nin Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team championship promoted by the Japanese promotion Active Advance Pro Wrestling (2AW). It was previously promoted by Kaientai Dojo (K-Dojo), before the promotion changed its name to 2AW in 2019, following the departure of K-Dojo founder Taka Michinoku. The championship is contested for by teams of three wrestlers and like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a match with a predetermined outcome.

The titles are currently inactive.
Klaus Urbons
Klaus Urbons (Göhren on Rügen, 1952) is a German photographer and xerography printmaker. He is a pioneer and leading figure of copy art in Germany. He founded the Museum für Fotokopie, and is the author and translator of books on the history of Copy Art and photocopiers, as well as a curator and a collector.

Mülheim
Mülheim, officially Mülheim an der Ruhr (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːlhaɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʁuːɐ̯] ⓘ, lit. 'Mülheim on the Ruhr'; Low German: Mölm; Kölsch: Müllem) and also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, and two Max Planck Institutes.

Mülheim an der Ruhr was granted city rights in 1808, and a century later its population surpassed 100,000, officially making it a major city.
Gmina Kraśniczyn
Gmina Kraśniczyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kraśniczyn, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-east of Krasnystaw and 66 km (41 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 110.02 square kilometres (42.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,284.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Skierbieszów Landscape Park.

Krasnystaw County
Krasnystaw County (Polish: powiat krasnostawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Krasnystaw, which lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,067.18 square kilometres (412.0 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 63,554, out of which the population of Krasnystaw is 18,675 and the rural population is 44,879.
Aurora Public Library (Colorado)
The Aurora Public Library in Aurora, Colorado is a multi-branch library district serving the Aurora suburb of Denver, Colorado. It complements Denver Public Library, which serves the Denver city and county, as well as the Arapahoe Library District, which serves Arapahoe County. The Aurora Public Library predates its county library district, Arapahoe, by more than thirty years, while serving the more niche population of Aurora.

Arapahoe Library District
Arapahoe Library District is a public library located in Arapahoe County, Colorado with branches in Byers, Centennial, Denver, Deer Trail, and Four Square Mile. Outreach services and services to the Arapahoe County Detention Facility are also provided.

It was established in April 1966 by action of the Arapahoe County Board of Commissioners and the Board of School District 26J, Deer Trail, to meet the needs of Arapahoe County residents in the unincorporated areas and the smaller towns and communities that did not receive library service.  At that time, only the cities of Aurora, Englewood, and Littleton provided library service to their residents.
Alim examination
Alim examination is a government-run exam conducted under the Bangladesh Madrasa Board. This exam has been given the equivalent of Higher Secondary Certificate exam by Bangladesh Education Board. To participate in this exam, students from any Madrasa approved by Bangladesh Madrasa Education Board in Alim class 12th have to pass the test exam and sit for the main exam on the date fixed by the board. At the Alim or higher secondary level, students have the option of choosing either the science or arts department. Students in both departments have to study the Quran, Hadith, and Sharia law. On the other hand, students in the arts department have to study Arabic and Persian languages, and students in the sciences have to study physics, chemistry, and biology, among other subjects.

Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board
Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ মাদ্রাসা শিক্ষা বোর্ড) or Alia Madrasah Education Board started its activity independently in 1979. With the passage of time in Bangladeshi madrasah education several amendments have come to pass. In 1978 humanities and science faculties were included at the Alim (عالِم) level. In 1980 Fazil (فاضل) degrees were granted the same standard of education as Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) degrees but this was changed in later years with Dakhil (داخل) level having the equivalency of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) since 1985, and Alim being considered as the HSC equivalent since 1987.

Humanities, science, business and technical education has been included with madrasah education. Meanwhile, a law has been passed for Fazil and Kamil (کامل) levels to be considered equivalent with bachelor's and master's degrees in general education.
Edgar Claxton
Edgar Claxton (7 July 1910 – 13 August 2000) was an English rail engineer. He worked for the British Railways Board and was part of the team which electrified parts of the United Kingdom's mainline railway network in the 1960s. He was responsible for "design and procurement of all the equipment, and for the electrification side of the projects". He was made an MBE in 1969 for his work.

Overhead line
An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union of Railways for the technology is overhead line. It is known variously as overhead catenary, overhead contact line (OCL), overhead contact system (OCS), overhead equipment (OHE), overhead line equipment (OLE or OHLE), overhead lines (OHL), overhead wiring (OHW), traction wire, and trolley wire.

An overhead line consists of one or more wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regularly spaced intervals along the track. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.
Chaudhary Digambar Singh
Chaudhary Digambar Singh (9 June 1913 – 10 December 1995) was an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. He was Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha from Mathura. He was elected to the 3rd, 4th, and 7th Lok Sabha. He was affiliated with the Indian National Congress, and Janata Party (Secular).

7th Lok Sabha
The 7th Lok Sabha, (18 January 1980 – 31 December 1984) was elected in 1980 Indian general election. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 7th Lok Sabha after the 1980 Indian general election. Indira Gandhi became the Prime minister on 14 January 1980, after INC and alliances won 353 seats, 199 seats more than previous 6th Lok Sabha. Rajiv Gandhi became Prime minister on 31 October 1984 after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. The next 8th Lok Sabha was formed on 31 December 1984 after the 1984 Indian general election. With roughly 9.3% of total MPs being Muslims, the 7th Lok Sabha had more Muslim MPs than any other in Indian history.
Scouting and Guiding in Burkina Faso
The Scout and Guide movement in Burkina Faso is served by two organisations

Association des Guides du Burkina Faso, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Fédération Burkinabé du Scoutisme, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Fédération Burkinabé du Scoutisme
The Fédération Burkinabé du Scoutisme, the national federation of two Scouting organizations in Burkina Faso, was founded in 1943, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1972 under the name of Upper Volta. The coeducational Fédération Burkinabé du Scoutisme had 9,398 members as of 2011 and 7,644 as of 2021.

The Scout Federation of Burkino Faso consists of Les Scouts du Burkina Faso and Les Éclaireurs et Éclaireuses du Burkina Faso.
Matrix similarity
In linear algebra, two n-by-n matrices A and B are called similar if there exists an invertible n-by-n matrix P such that

Two matrices are similar if and only if they represent the same linear map under two possibly different bases, with P being the change-of-basis matrix.

A transformation A ↦ P−1AP is called a similarity transformation or conjugation of the matrix A.  In the general linear group, similarity is therefore the same as conjugacy, and similar matrices are also called conjugate; however, in a given subgroup H of the general linear group, the notion of conjugacy may be more restrictive than similarity, since it requires that P be chosen to lie in H.

Invertible matrix
In linear algebra, an invertible matrix (non-singular, non-degenerate or regular) is a square matrix that has an inverse. In other words, if a matrix is invertible, it can be multiplied by its inverse matrix to yield the identity matrix. Invertible matrices are the same size as their inverse.

The inverse of a matrix represents the inverse operation, meaning if a matrix is applied to a particular vector, followed by applying the matrix's inverse, the result is the original vector.
Bhojasar, Barmer
Bhojasar is a village within the Baytu administrative region of Barmer district, Rajasthan, India. The village lies 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of Baytu and 44 kilometres (27 mi) east from district headquarter Barmer.

The 1,213 hectares (12.13 km2) village has an overall population of about 1343. This village is in Thar Desert reason and there is another village in Jaisalmer district with same name which is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) far.

Baytu
Baytu  is a tehsil in Balotra district of Rajasthan state of India. It is a tehsil headquarter. It is also spelled as Bayatu, Baitu, or Baytoo.

Baytu is divided into four gram panchayats: Baytu Panji, Baytu Chimanji, Baytu Bhopji, and Baytu Bhimji.

According to the 2001 Census of India, population of the Baytu Bhopji is 2,539, with a male population of 1,322 and female population of 1,217.
Ølen Municipality
Ølen is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 180.74-square-kilometre (69.78 sq mi) municipality existed from 1916 until its dissolution in 2006. The area is now part of Vindafjord Municipality in the traditional district of Haugaland (although it was part of Hordaland county from 1916 until 2002 when it switched counties). The administrative centre was the village of Ølensjøen. Other villages in the municipality included Ølensvåg, Vikebygd, and Bjoa.

Prior to its dissolution in 2006, the 180.74-square-kilometre (69.78 sq mi) municipality was the 343rd largest by area out of the 433 municipalities in Norway. Ølen Municipality was the 250th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 3,420. The municipality's population density was 18.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (49/sq mi) and its population had increased by 6% over the previous 10-year period.

Vikebygd
Vikebygd is a village in Vindafjord Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located along the Ålfjorden, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) straight west of the village of Ølensvåg. The village was the administrative centre of the old Vikebygd Municipality which existed from 1902 until 1964. Vikebygd is the site of Vikebygd Church. The village is a mostly agricultural area, although many residents commute to the nearby city of Haugesund, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the southwest.
Eti-Osa
Eti-OsaListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Lagos State in Nigeria. Lagos State Government administers  the council area as Ikoyi-Obalende LCDA, Eti-Osa East, and Iru Victoria Island LCDA. Within Eti-Osa are several important areas of Lagos State, including Lagos' Victoria Island. Before the Nigerian Capital moved to Abuja, Eti-Osa  Local Government Area served alongside Lagos Island Local Government Area as the seat of the national capital. Eti-osa used to be the poorest neighborhood in Lagos State until development changed it to become one of the most prosperous areas where the richest Nigerians live in Lagos. Currently, Babajide Sanwo Olu is the governor of Lagos State and responsible for the local governments setup and delivering government services to the people.

Lagos Island
Lagos IslandListenⓘ (Yoruba: Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó) is the principal and central Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos, Nigeria. It was the capital of Lagos State until 1957. It is part of the Lagos Division. As of the preliminary 2006 Nigerian census, the LGA had a population of 209,437 within an area of just 8.7 km2.  The LGA only covers the western half of Lagos Island; the eastern half is simply referred to as Lagos Island East LCDA.
Hadidah
Hadidah (Arabic: حديدة, also spelled Hadideh) is a town in the northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of Homs and just east of the border with Lebanon. Nearby localities include Liftaya to the southeast, Khirbet al-Hamam to the east, Shin to the north, Mizyeneh and al-Huwash to the northwest, and al-Zarah and Talkalakh to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hadidah had a population of 2,544 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the Hadidah nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 27 localities with a collective population of 25,998 in 2004. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Alawites.

Mizyeneh
Mizyeneh or Mazyanah (Arabic: المزينة) is a small Greek Orthodox Christian village located in Western Syria close to the Lebanese borders and administratively belonging to the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Mizyeneh had a population of 2,769 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians. The village has two Greek Orthodox Churches.
Muthey of the Maldives
Al-Sultan Muthey Kalaminja Siri Bavana Abaarana Mahaa Radun (Dhivehi: އައްސުލްޠާން މުތެއި ކަލަމިންޖާ ސިރީ ބަވަނަ އަބާރަނަ މަހާ ރަދުން) was the Sultan of the Maldives from 1175 to 1184. He was the son of Mulee Maavaa Kilege (Dhivehi: މުލީމާވާކިލެގެ), the maternal aunt of Sultan Dhovemi and sister of King Koimala. He ruled for 9 years (According to Loamaafaanu) and was succeeded by Ali I also of the Theemuge Dynasty of Maldivian sultans.

Ali I of the Maldives
Al-Sultan Ali Kalaminja Siri Dhammaru Naaja Mahaa Radun (Dhivehi: އައްސުލްޠާން ޢަލީ ކަލަމިންޖާ އެއްވަނަ ސިރީ ދަންމަރުނާޖަ މަހާރަދުން) was the Sultan of the Maldives from 1184 to 1192. He was the son of Rekehiriyaa Maavaa Kilege (Dhivehi: ރެކެހިރިޔާ މާވާކިލެގެ). Sultan Ali I was succeeded by Dhinei
Greenspring Avenue
Greenspring Avenue is a road in Baltimore, Maryland and its northwestern suburbs. At one time, Greenspring Avenue was Maryland Route 519 from Worthington Road to Dover Road, but the road has since been decommissioned and no longer has any numerical designation.

LocalLink 30 (BaltimoreLink)
LocalLink 30 is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore and its suburbs. It replaced route 44 following the 2017 BaltimoreLink overhaul of the bus network. The line currently runs from Rosedale Industrial Park near Pulaski Highway just outside the Baltimore city limits on the east side of the city across the northern portion of the city to Security Square Mall, with selected peak hour trips to the Social Security Administration. Some early morning trips before 7 AM lay over at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) headquarters. The line operates mostly along Frankford Avenue, Echodale Avenue, East Belvedere Avenue, Northern Parkway, Rogers Avenue, and Gwynn Oak Avenue, serving the communities of Gardenville, Hamilton, Belvedere Park, Homeland, Roland Park, Pimlico, and Arlington, and the western suburb of Woodlawn.
Macedonian Committee
The Macedonian Committee (Greek: Μακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Makedoniko Komitato), formally the Hellenic Macedonian Committee (Ελληνομακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Ellinomakedoniko Komitato), was a Greek revolutionary organization with the aim of liberating Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Monastir and Salonika), active during the Macedonian Struggle that also included Bulgarian and Serb revolutionary organizations.

Manastir vilayet
The Vilayet of Manastir (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت مناستر, romanized: Vilâyet-i Manastır) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, created in 1874, dissolved in 1877 and re-established in 1879. The vilayet was occupied during the First Balkan War in 1912 and divided between the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Serbia, with some parts later becoming part of the newly established Principality of Albania.
Parc Bit
The Parc Bit is a science and technology park located in the outskirts of the city of Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Many innovation research centres of enterprises related with tourism are placed here, such as Trivago or Microsoft.

It was opened in 2002 and currently around 2,500 employees work there. It is located near the University of the Balearic Islands.

Parc Bit metro station of Palma Metro, which is located in the park and derives the name from it, was opened on 2 July 2025 as a one-station extension from UIB. It serves as the northern terminus of the line.

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Galle Gladiators in 2020
The Galle Gladiators (abbreviated as GG) is a franchise cricket team which played in  the inaugural season of the Lanka Premier League. The team is based in Galle, Southern Province, Sri Lanka. The team remained under the captaincy of Pakistani cricketer, Shahid Afridi, for the first three matches. However, due to an emergency, the captain left the league for the remaining matches of the tournament, and Bhanuka Rajapaksa assumed the captaincy. The team was coached by Pakistani cricket coach Moin Khan. The team is owned by Pakistani organizer Nadeem Omar, who also owns the Pakistan Super League's Quetta Gladiators.

The team qualified for the semi-finals in the 2020 season after winning only two out of eight matches, due to having a higher run rate than its competitor, Kandy Tuskers. The team qualified for the final after trouncing Colombo Kings in the semi-finals. However, they lost in the final to the Jaffna Stallions.

Kandy Falcons
Kandy Falcons (in 2022 and since 2024), formerly known as B-Love Kandy (2023), Kandy Warriors (2021), and Kandy Tuskers (2020), is a Sri Lankan franchise professional Twenty20 cricket team founded in 2020 that competes in the Lanka Premier League (LPL), representing the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka. Chris Gayle signed up as the marquee overseas player and Kusal Perera as the local icon Player. In October 2021, the team changed their name to Kandy Warriors after changing owners.
Capel Colman
Capel Colman is a parish in northeast Pembrokeshire, Wales, in the community of Boncath. Formerly in the Hundred of Cilgerran, Capel Colman is a small, rural parish of some 750 acres (300 ha) surrounded by the larger parishes of Cilgerran, Manordeifi, Clydau, Penrydd and Llanfihangel Penbedw. The parish is in the Manordeifi group in the Church in Wales Diocese of St David's.

The parish is named in some historical sources as Llangolman, but this is not to be confused with Llangolman, a village a few miles to the south of Capel Colman.

Penrydd
Penrydd (variously spelled Penrhydd, Penrhudd, Penrith, Penreth or Penrieth) is a former parish in the Hundred of Kilgerran, north Pembrokeshire, Wales. The parish's history is closely linked with that of Castellan, and included parts of the present villages of Blaenffos and Crymych.