hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus transcarpathicus
Aspergillus transcarpathicus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Cervini section. The species was first described in 2016. It has been reported to produce asparvenones, terremutin, 4-hydroxymellein, and xanthocillin.

Aspergillus
Aspergillus (/ˌæspərˈdʒɪləs/) is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide.

Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli. Viewing the fungi under a microscope, Micheli was reminded of the shape of an aspergillum (holy water sprinkler), from Latin spargere (to sprinkle), and named the genus accordingly. Aspergillum is an asexual spore-forming structure common to all Aspergillus species; around one-third of species are also known to have a sexual stage. While some species of Aspergillus are known to cause fungal infections, others are of commercial importance.
Retreat, County Westmeath
Retreat (Irish: An Díthreabh) is a townland in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.

The townland stands in the east side of the town. The Athlone to Mullingar Cycleway passes through the townland, and the Athlone Community College stands in the western area.

The townland is bordered by Cloghanboy (Homan) and Curragh to the north and west, Collegeland, Kilnafaddoge and Lissywollen to the east and south,

Curragh, St. Mary's
Curragh is a townland in Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.

The townland stands in the north of the town. Athlone Town Stadium stands partly in the townland (with half in the neighbouring townland of Lissywollen), along with a portion of the M6 motorway.
Teiwa language
Teiwa (also referred to as Tewa) is a Papuan language spoken on the Pantar island in eastern Indonesia. The island is the second largest in the Alor archipelago, lying just west of the largest island Alor.

Teiwa is a morphosyntactically simple language with little inflection and is as such described as an isolating language, also known as an analytic language. It is pronounced by a complex pronoun system.

Focus (linguistics)
In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys the part of the sentence that contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill", which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted. By contrast, in the sentence "Mary only INSULTED Bill", the verb "insult" is focused and thus expresses that Mary performed no other actions towards Bill. Focus is a cross-linguistic phenomenon and a major field of study in linguistics. Research on focus spans numerous subfields including phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics.
Jacques Alexandre Le Tenneur
Jacques-Alexandre Le Tenneur (1604—1659) was a French mathematician who defended Galileo Galilei’s ideas. He corresponded with fellow mathematicians such as Pierre Gassendi,  Pierre Hérigone and Marin Mersenne. It is unclear when or where he died but he probably lived from 1610 to 1660.

Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (French: [pjɛʁ gasɛ̃di]; also Pierre Gassend or Petrus Gassendus; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.

He wrote numerous philosophical works, and some of the positions he worked out are considered significant, finding a way between skepticism and dogmatism. Richard Popkin indicates that Gassendi was one of the first thinkers to formulate the modern "scientific outlook", of moderated skepticism and empiricism. He clashed with his contemporary Descartes on the possibility of certain knowledge. His best known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity.
Africa Check
Africa Check is a non-profit fact checking organisation set up in 2012 to promote accuracy in public debate and the media in Africa. The organisation's goal is to raise the quality of information available to society across the continent. Africa Check is an independent organisation with offices in Johannesburg, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar and London, producing reports in English and French testing claims made by public figures, institutions and the media against the best available evidence.

South African farm attacks
South African farm attacks (Afrikaans: plaasaanvalle) are violent crimes, including assault, murder, rape, and robbery, that take place on farms in South Africa. The attacks target both white and black farmers. The term has no formal legal definition, but such attacks have been the subject of discussion by media and public figures in South Africa and abroad.

Claims that such attacks on farmers disproportionately target white people are a key element of the white genocide conspiracy theory promoted by, among others, United States president Donald Trump, and have become a common talking point among white nationalists worldwide. Statistics provided from the South African Government show that farm attacks tend to take more black victims than white victims and show that farm attacks are relatively rare.  Farm attacks form part of a broader crime problem in South Africa and do not have a racial motivation.
Telecommunications in China
The People's Republic of China possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country by Internet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television. The country is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. Fiber to the x infrastructure has been expanded rapidly in recent years.

National Radio and Television Administration
The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) is a ministry-level executive agency controlled by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main task is the administration and supervision of state-owned enterprises engaged in the television and radio industries. Its current director is Cao Shumin.

It directly controls state-owned enterprises at the national level such as China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International, as well as other movie and television studios and other non-business organizations.

The administration was formerly known as the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SAPPRFT) from 2013 to 2018, and the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) from 1998 to 2013.
Military Ordinariate of El Salvador
The  Military Ordinariate in El Salvador  (Spanish: Ordinariato Militar en El Salvador) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or military ordinariate of the Catholic Church with jurisdiction over Catholics serving in the Armed Forces of El Salvador. While not a diocese, the ordinary of the ordinariate is a bishop. The ordinariate is exempt directly to the Holy See and the Roman Congregation for Bishops.

It is headquartered Calle Los Eucaliptos y Avda. Las Gardenias 157, Colonia Las Mercedes in San Salvador, the national capital of El Salvador, in Central America.

Congregation of the Mission
The Congregation of the Mission (Latin: Congregatio Missionis), abbreviated CM and commonly called the Vincentians or Lazarists, is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men founded by Vincent de Paul. It is associated with the Vincentian Family, a loose federation of organizations that consider Vincent de Paul as their founder or patron.
Nannette Maciejunes
Nannette Maciejunes was the executive director of the Columbus Museum of Art from 2003 to 2022 and is the author of many books of art history, with a special focus on the work of Charles E. Burchfield and John Marin.

Columbus Museum of Art
The Columbus Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Formed in 1878 as the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (its name until 1978), it was the first art museum to register its charter with the state of Ohio. The museum collects and exhibits American and European modern and contemporary art, folk art, glass art, and photography. The museum has been led by Executive Director Brooke Minto since 2023.
Duchess Woizlawa Feodora of Mecklenburg
Woizlawa Feodora Princess Reuss (née Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 17 December 1918 – 3 June 2019) was a member of the German nobility, by birth of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. At the time of her death at the age of 100, she was the oldest living member of a ruling family and the oldest living resident of Görwihl.

Frederick Francis IV
Frederick Francis IV (Friedrich Franz Michael; 9 April 1882 – 17 November 1945) was the last Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and regent of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He inherited the throne when he was fifteen years old in 1897 and was forced to renounce it in 1918.
Phi Scorpii
The Bayer designation φ Sco (Phi Scorpii) has been associated with two stars in the constellation of Libra:

48 Librae

49 Librae

No star is found at the position marked φ Scorpii in Johann Bayer's Uranometria. The closest stars to that position are 48 and 49 Librae; 48 Librae is clearly shown but not given a designation while no star is shown at the position of 49 Librae.  In his Uranographia Bode assigned  the designation φ Scorpii to the star now known as 49 Librae.  The designation is no longer in use.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Persian clothing
Traditional Persian clothing is the historical costume of the Persian people, and of ancient Persia (Iran) before the 1930s Pahlavi dynasty. Historically, the fabric and color of clothing was very important. During the Achaemenian period (550–330 BC), Persian clothing started to reflect social status and eminence, the climate of the region, and the season. The design philosophy for ancient clothing was a marriage of both function and aesthetics.

Images of Persian clothing examples can be seen in ancient art and Persian miniature paintings. Persian miniatures can employ both vivid and muted colors for clothing, although the colors of paint pigment often do not match the colors of dyes. Traditional Persian clothing is seldom worn in urban areas in modern times but has been well preserved in texts and paintings throughout history.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
The Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Luxemburger Abkommen, "Luxembourg Agreement", or Wiedergutmachungsabkommen, "Wiedergutmachung Agreement"; Hebrew: הסכם השילומים, romanized: Heskem HaShillumim, "Reparations Agreement") was signed on September 10, 1952, and entered in force on March 27, 1953. According to the Agreement, West Germany was to pay Israel for the costs of "resettling so great a number of uprooted and destitute Jewish refugees" after the war, and to compensate individual Jews, via the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, for losses in Jewish livelihood and property resulting from Nazi persecution.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הַחוּץ, romanized: Misrad HaHutz; Arabic: وزارة الخارجية الإسرائيلية) is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government. The ministry's role is to implement Israel's foreign policy, and promote economic, cultural, and scientific relations with other countries.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is located in the government complex in Givat Ram, Jerusalem. Gideon Sa'ar currently holds the Foreign Ministry post.
Nacho Martín (basketball)
José Ignacio "Nacho" Martín Monzón (born 22 April 1983) is a Spanish professional basketball player. He is a 6 ft. 8.75 in. (2.05 m) tall power forward-center. His nickname is DaFlow. His father, Morti Martín, was also a professional basketball player.

Basket Zaragoza
Basket Zaragoza 2002 S.A.D., more commonly referred to as Basket Zaragoza  and as Casademont Zaragoza for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Zaragoza, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB and the FIBA Europe Cup. Their home arena is the Pabellón Príncipe Felipe.
Computer module
A computer module is a selection of independent electronic circuits packaged onto a circuit board to provide a basic function within a computer. An example might be an inverter or flip-flop, which would require two or more transistors and a small number of additional supporting devices. Modules would be inserted into a chassis and then wired together to produce a larger logic unit, like an adder.

Inverter (logic gate)
In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. It outputs a bit opposite of the bit that is put into it. The bits are typically implemented as two differing voltage levels.
Apona plumosa
Apona plumosa is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1872. It is found in India.

The wingspan is 94–102 mm. Adults are similar to Apona cashmirensis, but are darker red-brown. The medial line on the forewings is curved below the costa, and there are faint traces of waved lines. The postmedial line is whitish inwardly and rufous outwardly and the outer area is darker, without a waved line, the veins crossing it rufous. The hindwings have almost obsolete waved and postmedial lines and the outer area is dark, without a waved line.

Apona caschmirensis
Apona caschmirensis is a moth of the family Eupterotidae first described by Vincenz Kollar in 1844. It is found in Nepal, Pakistan and India.

The wingspan is 96–114 mm. The wings are pale red brown. The forewings have an indistinct waved subbasal line and a black spot at the end of the cell and there is an oblique medial line, with three indistinct waved lines beyond it. There is a double postmedial line with a pale interspace and there is also a waved submarginal line, the space between it and the postmedial line darker. The nervules are dark from the medial to the submarginal line. The hindwings have no subbasal line and the other lines are curved.
Iuka Ravine Historic District
The Iuka Ravine Historic District is a historic district in the University District of Columbus, Ohio. The site was listed on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The district has approximately 50 houses and apartment buildings, most located on the edge of the wooded Iuka Ravine. The houses are mostly craftsman and early 20th century revival styles, with noted Columbus architects Frank Packard and Charles Inscho represented. The district was the first development in the city to take advantage of its natural landscape, setting an example for other early 20th century developments around Columbus.

Columbus Register of Historic Properties
The Columbus Register of Historic Properties is a register for historic buildings and other sites in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The register is maintained by the City of Columbus Historic Resources Commission and Historic Preservation Office, and was established in 1980. Many of these landmarks are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, providing federal tax support for preservation, and some are further designated National Historic Landmarks, providing additional federal oversight.

The Columbus Register includes 82 entries, including 54 on the National Register. Two of the city's three National Historic Landmarks are on the register: the Ohio Statehouse and Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker House, but not the Ohio Theatre. The city also maintains four historic districts not listed on its register: German Village, Italian Village, Victorian Village, and the Brewery District.
Bhojeshwar Temple
The Bhojeshwar Temple (IAST: Bhojeśvara) is an incomplete Hindu temple in Bhojpur village of Madhya Pradesh, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it houses a 7.5-foot (2.3 m) high lingam in its sanctum.

The temple's construction is believed to have started in the 11th century, during the reign of the Paramara king Bhoja. The construction was abandoned for unknown reasons, with the architectural plans engraved on the surrounding rocks. The unfinished materials abandoned at the site, the architectural drawings carved on the rocks, and the mason's marks have helped scholars understand the temple construction techniques of 11th-century India. The temple has been designated as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Mandapa
A mandapa or mantapa (Sanskrit: मण्डप, romanized: maṇḍapa) is a pillared hall or pavilion for public rituals in Indian architecture and Nepalese Pagoda Design, especially featured in Hindu temple architecture and Jain temple architecture.

Mandapas are described as "open" or "closed" depending on whether they have walls or inner ceiling of pagoda. In temples, one or more mandapas very often lie between the sanctuary and the temple entrance, on the same axis. In a large temple other mandapas may be placed to the sides, or detached within the temple compound.
Mossel Bay (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Mossel Bay (Afrikaans: Mosselbaai) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1933 to 1994. It covered a part of the Garden Route centred on the town of Mossel Bay. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Change Partners (film)
Change Partners is a 1965 British crime drama directed by Robert Lynn and starring Anthony Dawson, Zena Walker and Kenneth Cope. It was written by Donal Giltinan and made at Merton Park Studios originally as a Warner-Pathé release, prior to being included as a part of the long-running series of Edgar Wallace Mysteries.

Edgar Wallace Mysteries
The Edgar Wallace Mysteries is a British second-feature film series mainly produced at Merton Park Studios for Anglo-Amalgamated. There were 48 films in the series, which were released between 1960 and 1965. The series was screened as The Edgar Wallace Mystery Theatre on television in the United States.
Barbie Shanghai
Barbie Shanghai was the first Mattel Barbie flagship store in the world. Located in Shanghai, China, this 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) store held the world's largest and most comprehensive collection of Barbie dolls and licensed Barbie products. It ceased activities in March 2011.

Mattel
Mattel, Inc. (/məˈtɛl/ mə-TEL) is an American multinational toy manufacturing and entertainment company headquartered in El Segundo, California. Founded in Los Angeles by Harold Matson and Ruth and Elliot Handler in January 1945, Mattel has a presence in 35 countries and territories. Its products are sold in more than 150 countries.

Mattel is the world's second largest toy maker in terms of revenue, after the Lego Group. Two of Mattel's major brands, Barbie and Hot Wheels, were named the top global toy property and the top-selling global toy of the year for 2020 and 2021 by the NPD Group.
Sambankulam
Sambankulam is a village in District of Tirunelveli.The spoken language in this area is Tamil.Sambankulam is located on the bank of Gadananathi River (Kadana Nadi), which means "kadana dam river" and flows throughout the year. The area is surrounded  by mountains and hills which are part of the Western Ghats. Sambankulam is located between two tourist spots: Sivasailam temple 2 km from the village.and Gadananathi River dam, 3 km from the village. The village has many paddy fields, mango orchards, vegetable gardens, palm trees and tall coconut trees.

Sivasailam
Sivasailam (Sivasaailam per the Indian census) is a village located on the bank of River Gadananathi River in Tenkasi taluk, Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu, India. The census village code is 642940. The postal code is 627412. The spoken language in this area is Tamil.
Heidi Brühl
Heidi Rosemarie Brühl (German: [ˈhaɪdiː ˈbʁyːl] ⓘ; 30 January 1942 – 8 June 1991) was a German singer and actress who came to prominence as a young teenager and had a prolific career in film and television. She was also a successful recording artist, and is known for her participation in the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest.

Columbo season 2
Columbo is an American crime drama television series starring Peter Falk as Lieutenant Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department. Season 2 aired on NBC from September 1972 to March 1973.
2022 Maine Senate election
The 2022 Maine State Senate election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022, with the primary election using instant-runoff voting being held on June 14, 2022, to elect the 131st Maine Senate. Voters in all 35 districts of the Maine Senate elected their state senators. These elections coincided with those for governor, U.S. House and the Maine House of Representatives. Democrats retained their 23–12 advantage in the chamber.

York County, Maine
York County is both the southernmost and the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Maine, along the state of New Hampshire's eastern border. It is divided from Strafford County, New Hampshire, by the Salmon Falls River and the connected tidal estuary, the Piscataqua River. York County was permanently established in 1636. Several of Maine's earliest colonial settlements are found in the county, which is the state's oldest and one of the oldest in the United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 211,972, making it Maine's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Alfred. York County is part of the Portland–South Portland, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.