hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prunus debilis
Prunus debilis is a South American species of Prunus. Its phenotype suggests close affinity with three other South American species of Prunus; P. littlei, P. guanaiensis and  P. wurdackii. The Jivaro people chew the pulp of its fruit to alleviate the pain of toothaches.

Prunus wurdackii
Prunus wurdackii is a species of Prunus found only on the slopes of tepuis of the Chimantá Massif in Venezuela, at 900–2,200 m (3,000–7,200 ft) in elevation. Judging from its morphology, it is closely related to Prunus espinozana, described in the same publication. It is a tree 3 to 15 m tall, with branchlets that are brown tending to black. It differs from Prunus littlei, another close relative, in having thicker, more leathery and more lustrous leaves, with longer petioles, measuring between 8–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in). Its solitary inflorescences, by contrast, have shorter pedicels and shorter styles. Its calyx is salmon-colored, and the petals white.
Gmina Łubnice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Łubnice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łubnice, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Staszów and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 84.14 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2010 its total population is  4,382.

Staszów County
Staszów County (Polish: powiat staszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Staszów, which lies 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Połaniec, lying 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Staszów, and Osiek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Staszów.

The county covers an area of 924.80 square kilometres (357.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is  67,331, out of which the population of Staszów is  14,762, that of Połaniec is  8,098, that of Osiek is  2,007, and the rural population is  42,464.
Dwejra Bay to San Dimitri Point Important Bird Area
The Dwejra Bay to San Dimitri Point Important Bird Area comprises a 36 ha linear strip of cliffed coastline in San Lawrenz and Għarb, at the northwestern end of the island of Gozo, in the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. Its steep and rugged cliffs rise from sea level to a height of 105 m. It was identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports 400–500 breeding pairs of Cory's shearwaters and 30–50 pairs of yelkouan shearwaters.

San Lawrenz
San Lawrenz is an administrative unit of Malta, on the island of Gozo. Its name is derived from Lawrence of Rome who is the patron saint for the locality. It has a population of 748, as of March 2014.

The Dwejra nature reserve is administratively part of the town. Prominent in the reserve is the Fungus Rock, and formerly also the Azure Window landmark before its collapse on March 8, 2017.
Frederick Eberstadt
Frederick Eberstadt (July 24, 1926 – July 29, 2023) was an American fashion photographer and psychotherapist. He was the father of political economist Nicholas Eberstadt and novelist Fernanda Eberstadt.

Eberstadt was born in Huntington, New York on July 24, 1926. He first worked for Eberstadt & Company, his father’s firm. He then worked in television, and then became the assistant to Richard Avedon. He photographed the 1960s bohemian scene and wrote for Women’s Wear Daily. "[A]fter surviving a crippling major depressive disorder, [he] decided to leave behind a decades-long career as a fashion photographer and photojournalist to become a psychotherapist". He died on July 29, 2023, at the age of 97.

Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".
1856 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1856 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1856, as part of the 1856 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Maryland voted for the Know Nothing candidate, former president Millard Fillmore, over the Democratic candidate, James Buchanan, and Republican candidate, John C. Frémont.

Fillmore won the state by a margin of 9.59%. Maryland was the only state to vote for Fillmore this election. This was the last time until 1948 that a Democrat won the presidency without carrying Maryland.

1948 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1948 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 2, 1948, as part of the 1948 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Maryland was won by Governor Thomas E. Dewey (R–New York), running with Governor Earl Warren, with 49.40% of the popular vote, against incumbent President Harry S. Truman (D–Missouri), running with Senator Alben W. Barkley, with 48.01% of the popular vote. This was the first of three times between 1888 and 2000 that Maryland's popular vote had backed a losing candidate nationwide (along with 1968 and 1980).

To date, this is the last time that a Democratic candidate has won the presidency without carrying Maryland and the only time that the state has backed a losing Republican candidate.
Michejda
Michejda is a Polish surname typical for the region of Cieszyn Silesia, where the members of Michejda family were traditionally active in Polish and Lutheran public life. Notable people include:

Tadeusz Michejda (1879–1956), Polish physician and politician

Władysław Michejda (1876–1937), Mayor of Cieszyn

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
Grove Street Pensioners' Cottages
Grove Street Pensioners' Cottages is a heritage-listed house at 28D Grove Street, Parramatta Park, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. They were designed by the Cairns City Council and built from 1953 to 1958. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 August 2017 amidst some controversy as their heritage listing would prevent the redevelopment of the site for affordable housing.

Shire of Mulgrave (Queensland)
The Shire of Mulgrave was a local government area surrounding the City of Cairns in the Far North region of Queensland. The shire, administered from Cairns, covered an area of 1,718.3 square kilometres (663.4 sq mi); it existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 1995, when it was dissolved and amalgamated into the City of Cairns.
Pann Kyar Wutt Hmone
Pann Kyar Wutt Hmone (also spelt Pan Kyar Wut Hmone; Burmese: ပန်းကြာဝတ်မှုန်) is a romantic campus novel written by Burmese author Khin Khin Htoo. The novel was adapted into a 2011 film of the same name. The book was first published in 2008 by Duwun Publication.

Mandalay University
Mandalay University (also translated as University of Mandalay; Burmese: မန္တလေးတက္ကသိုလ် [màɰ̃dəlé tɛʔkəθò]) is a public liberal arts and science university located in Mandalay, Myanmar and one of the sixteen autonomous universities under Ministry of Education. Formerly an affiliate of Rangoon University, Mandalay University is the second oldest university in Myanmar, and the oldest and largest university in Upper Myanmar. The university offers mainly undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes (Bachelor's, Master's, Post-graduate Diploma, and Doctorate) in liberal arts, sciences and law.

On 28 March 2025, the university was heavily damaged by a fire and building collapses caused by the 2025 Myanmar earthquake.
Monticello Artillery
The Monticello Artillery (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army artillery battery during the American Civil War. The unit was also known as: Owen's Battery, or Howell's Battery.  Some post war records refer to the unit as the Drew Light Artillery because most original members were from Drew County, Arkansas.

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies in the War of the Rebellion, commonly known as the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies or Official Records (OR or ORs), is the most extensive collection of American Civil War land warfare records available to the general public. It includes selected first-hand accounts, orders, reports, maps, diagrams, and correspondence drawn from official records of both Union and Confederate armies.
Abutilon sandwicense
Abutilon sandwicense, commonly known as the greenflower Indian mallow, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii, in the United States.  It inhabits dry forests on the slopes of the Waiʻanae Range at elevations of 400–600 m (1,300–2,000 ft).  Associated plants include lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), ēlama (D. hillebrandii), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), kalia (Elaeocarpus bifidus), āulu (Sapindus oahuensis), olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis), and alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata). Greenflower Indian mallow is a shrub, reaching a height of 1.5–3 m (4.9–9.8 ft).  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Pipturus albidus
Pipturus albidus, known as māmaki (sometimes waimea, for its resemblance to olomea) in Hawaiian and known as Waimea pipturus in English, is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawaiʻi. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 60–1,830 m (200–6,000 ft). Māmaki is a small tree that reaches a height of 9 m (30 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.3 m (0.98 ft).
Altavilla Monferrato
Altavilla Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Alessandria.

Altavilla Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Casorzo, Felizzano, Fubine, Montemagno, Viarigi, and Vignale Monferrato.
The economy is mostly based on agriculture.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Vacuum cleaner
A vacuum cleaner, also known simply as a vacuum (or a hoover in the UK), is a device that uses suction, and often agitation, in order to remove dirt and other debris from carpets, hard floors, and other surfaces.

The dirt is collected into a dust bag or a plastic bin. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in commercial settings, exist in a variety of sizes and types, including stick vacuums, handheld vacuums, upright vacuums, and canister vacuums. Specialized shop vacuums can be used to clean both solid debris and liquids.

Cubic foot
The cubic foot (symbol ft3 or cu ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length, or exactly 28.316846592 L (which is about 1% off of ⁠1/35⁠ of a cubic metre, making that a suitable approximation in many cases).
1995 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1995 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fourth-year head coach John Mackovic, the Longhorns compiled an overall record of 10–2–1 with a mark of 7–0 in conference play, winning the SWC title. Texas was invited to the Sugar Bowl, where the Longhorns lost to Virginia Tech. The team played home games at Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

1995 was the final season for the SWC. At the end of the season, Texas, along with Baylor University, Texas A&M University, and Texas Tech University, joined the members of the Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12 Conference, which began play in 1996.

Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium
Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium (formerly War Memorial Stadium, Memorial Stadium, and Texas Memorial Stadium), located in Austin, Texas, on the campus of the University of Texas, has been home to the Longhorns football team since 1924. The stadium has delivered a home field advantage with the team's home record through December 21, 2024 being 406–123–10 (.763). The official stadium seating capacity is 100,119, making the stadium the fourth largest in the Southeastern Conference, the seventh largest stadium in the United States, and the ninth largest stadium in the world.

The DKR–Texas Memorial Stadium attendance record of 105,215 spectators was set on October 19, 2024, when Texas played the University of Georgia Bulldogs.
Generalized function
In mathematics, generalized functions are objects extending the notion of functions on real or complex numbers. There is more than one recognized theory, for example  the theory of distributions. Generalized functions are especially useful for treating discontinuous functions more like smooth functions, and describing discrete physical phenomena such as point charges. They are applied extensively, especially in physics and engineering. Important motivations have been the technical requirements of theories of partial differential equations and group representations.

A common feature of some of the approaches is that they build on operator aspects of everyday, numerical functions. The early history is connected with some ideas on operational calculus, and some contemporary developments are closely related to Mikio Sato's algebraic analysis.

Support (mathematics)
In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function  is the subset of the function's domain consisting of those elements that are not mapped to zero. If the domain of  is a topological space, then the support of  is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all points not mapped to zero. This concept is used widely in mathematical analysis.
Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star
Jo Jeeta Wohi Super Star 
is an Indian reality television series which aims to bring the winners of 'all' singing reality shows completed previously and the runners-up together competed for the 'Superstar' title under 'one roof'. The series' grand-finale took place on 12 July 2008, Rahul Vaidya emerged as the winner.

Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil
Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil (In Which Country Does My Heart Live) is an Indian television drama series that aired on Star Plus. It starred Additi Gupta, Harshad Chopda, Sushant Singh Rajput and Meher Vij. It was produced by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under Balaji Telefilms.
Virtual School Victoria
Virtual School Victoria (VSV) (formerly Distance Education Centre Victoria). is an F–12 school in Thornbury, Victoria. With an annual enrolment of approx 5500 from Foundation to Year 12, VSV is one of the largest state government school in Victoria.

The school is split into two sub-schools:

F–10 sub-school, which handles students from Foundation to Year 10

Year 11/12 sub-school, which handles students from Years 11 and 12 (including VCE and VCAL)

VSV offers two primary forms of enrollment direct students and students from other schools.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Toumin
Toumin (Arabic: تومين, romanized: Tūmīn, also transliterated Toumine) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. It is located 25 kilometers (16 mi) southwest of Hama and lies on the northern bank of the Orontes River, overlooking the city of Rastan. Nearby localities include Deir al-Fardis to the northwest, Kafr Buhum to the north, al-Rastan to the south and Houla to the southwest.

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Toumin had a population of 2,129 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Syriac Catholic and Greek Orthodox Christians.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Insurgency in Aceh
The insurgency in Aceh, officially designated the Rebellion in Aceh (Indonesian: Pemberontakan di Aceh) by the Indonesian government, was a conflict fought by the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) between 1976 and 2005, with the goal of making the province of Aceh independent from Indonesia. The aftermath of a military offensive in 2003 and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami brought a peace agreement and an eventual end to the insurgency.

United Development Party
The United Development Party (Indonesian: Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP or P3), is one of the Islamist political parties in Indonesia. At the time of its declaration on January 5, 1973, this party was the result of a merger of four religious parties, namely the Nahdlatul Ulama Party (NU), the Islamic Education Movement (PERTI), the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), and the Indonesian Muslims' Party (PARMUSI). The first chairman at that time was Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja. The merger of the four religious parties was aimed at simplifying the party system in Indonesia in facing the first general election during the New Order in 1973. Because the party's distinctive logo was associated with Islamic religious politics, the PPP was popularly known as the Ka'bah Party.
Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire
This is a list of people who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire, Scotland. The post was abolished in 1975, being replaced by the Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire and Arran.

Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton 17 March 1794 – 30 October 1796

Hugh Montgomerie, 12th Earl of Eglinton 23 November 1796 – 14 December 1819

George Boyle, 4th Earl of Glasgow 7 January 1820 – 15 August 1842

Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton 15 August 1842 – 4 October 1861

Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa 4 December 1861 – 20 March 1870

John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair 15 June 1870 – 1897

George Arnulph Montgomerie, 15th Earl of Eglinton 1897 – 10 August 1919

Archibald Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa 16 November 1919 – 1937

Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet 18 February 1937 – 1950

Sir Geoffrey Hughes-Onslow 17 July 1950 – 1969

Sir James Fergusson, 8th Baronet 7 April 1969 – 25 October 1973

Col. Bryce Muir Knox 5 March 1974 – 1991

Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton
Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, 1st Earl of Winton, KT, PC (29 September 1812 – 4 October 1861), styled Lord Montgomerie from 1814 to 1819, was a British Conservative politician. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859.
Canterbury Female Boarding School
The Canterbury Female Boarding School, in Canterbury, Connecticut, was operated by its founder, Prudence Crandall, from 1831 to 1834. When townspeople would not allow African-American girls to enroll, Crandall decided to turn it into a school for African-American  girls only, the first such in the United States. The Connecticut legislature passed a law against it, and Crandall was arrested and spent a night in jail, bringing national publicity. Community violence forced Crandall to close the school.

The episode is a major incident in the history of school desegregation in the United States. The case Crandall v. State was "the first full-throated civil rights case in U.S. history.... The Crandall case [in which a key issue was whether blacks were citizens: 144 ] helped influence the outcome of two of the most fateful Supreme Court decisions, Dred Scott v. Sandford in 1857[] and...Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.": xi

Sarah Harris Fayerweather
Sarah Harris Fayerweather (April 16, 1812 – November 16, 1878) was an African American activist, abolitionist, and school integrationist. Beginning in January 1833, at the age of twenty, she attended Prudence Crandall's Canterbury Female Boarding School in Canterbury, Connecticut, the first integrated school in the United States.