hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antifreeze protein
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. There is also increasing evidence that AFPs interact with mammalian cell membranes to protect them from cold damage. This work suggests the involvement of AFPs in cold acclimatization.

Gadidae
The Gadidae are a family of marine fish, included in the order Gadiformes, known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.  It contains several commercially important fishes, including the cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock.

Most gadid species are found in temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere, but several range into subtropical, subarctic, and Arctic oceans, and a single (southern blue whiting) is found in the Southern Hemisphere. They are generally medium-sized fish, and are distinguished by the presence of three dorsal fins on the back and two anal fins on the underside. Most species have barbels on their chins, which they use while browsing on the sea floor. Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and crustaceans.

Gadids are highly prolific, producing several million eggs at each spawning. This contributes to their high population numbers, which, in turn, makes commercial fishing relatively easy.
Kuk Swamp
Kuk Swamp is an archaeological site in Papua New Guinea, that lies in the Wahgi Valley of the highlands at an altitude of about 1550 m some 12–13 km northeast of Mount Hagen, the capital of Western Highlands Province. The swamp developed in a former lake basin, as it was filled by an alluvial fan or deposits of water-transported material. Archaeological evidence for early agricultural drainage systems was found here, beginning about 9,000 years ago. It includes draining ditches of three major classes, which were used to convert the area to an anthropogenic grassland. The native crop taro was grown here.

In addition, evidence of cultivation of bananas and sugar cane has been found, estimated to have begun 6,900 – 6,400 years ago. The Kuk Swamp was recognized in 2008 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, as one of the places in the world where people independently developed agriculture.

Currently, the Kawelka people, a Melpa-speaking tribe, lives in the Kuk Swamp area.

Western Highlands Province
Western Highlands is a province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Mount Hagen. The province covers an area of 4,299 km2, and there are 362,850 inhabitants (2011 census), making the Western Highlands the most densely populated province (apart from the National Capital District). Tea and coffee are grown in the Western Highlands.
Salamandra longirostris
Salamandra longirostris, the Penibetic salamander or long-snouted salamander, is a species of urodelan amphibian of the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Penibetic mountain range in Andalusia, Spain. It was originally described as a subspecies of Salamandra salamandra, the fire salamander, then raised to full species rank in 2009.

It is a large salamander, very similar to the fire salamander which lives elsewhere. The body and head are black with quadrangular yellow spots, from where poison is secreted. The snout is pointed and the belly greyish, without spots.

It lives in humid areas, with watercourses nearby, where it reproduces.

Fire salamander
The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is a common species of salamander found in Europe.

It is black with yellow spots or stripes to a varying degree; some specimens can be nearly completely black while on others the yellow is dominant. Shades of red and orange may sometimes appear, either replacing or mixing with the yellow according to subspecies. This bright coloration is highly conspicuous and acts to deter predators by honest signalling of its toxicity (aposematism). Fire salamanders can have a very long lifespan; one specimen lived for more than 50 years in Museum Koenig, a German natural history museum.

Despite its wide distribution and abundance, it is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to its susceptibility to infection by the introduced fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, which has caused severe declines in fire salamanders in parts of its range.
Kraggenburg
Kraggenburg is a settlement in the Noordoostpolder area of the Netherlands.. The village is situated south east of the regional town Emmeloord.

Kraggenburg was established in 1948,. and received her name from a former lighthouse that is named Oud Kraggenburg. It belongs to the oldest buildings of the reclaimed land area called Noordoostpolder, see also Schokland.

Schokland
Schokland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxɔklɑnt]) is a former island in the Dutch Zuiderzee, in the municipality of Noordoostpolder. Schokland was an elongated strip of peat land which ceased to be an island when the Noordoostpolder was reclaimed from the sea in 1942. It is now just a slightly elevated part of the polder, with a still partly intact retaining wall of the waterfront of Middelbuurt. On 1 April 2014, it had 8 inhabitants, but according to Statistics Netherlands there are five people living on the former island.
U.S.A.A.F. - United States Army Air Force
U.S.A.A.F. - United States Army Air Force is a 1985 computer wargame designed by Gary Grigsby published by Strategic Simulations.

U.S.A.A.F. won positive reviews but sold poorly. In 1999, it received a spiritual successor under the name Battle of Britain, designed by Grigsby and Keith Brors and published by TalonSoft.

Computer wargame
A computer wargame is a wargame played on a digital device. Descended from board wargaming, it simulates military conflict at the tactical, operational or strategic level. Computer wargames are both sold commercially for recreational use and, in some cases, used for military purposes.
Lake Markakol
Lake Markakol (Russian: озеро Маркаколь; Kazakh: Марқакөл, romanized: Marqaköl, pronounced [mɑrqɑkɵ́l]) is a lake and popular tourist destination in East Kazakhstan. The lake is fed with small rivers and streams. Its coasts are cut up by gulfs. It is the largest lake in the Katonkaragay District of East Kazakhstan Region. Its main outflow is the Kalzhyr, a tributary of the Irtysh. There have been more than 700 species of higher plants recorded in this area.

Katonkaragay District
Katonkaragay, also spelled Katon-Karagay (Kazakh: Қатонқарағай ауданы, romanized: Qatonqarağai audany) is a district of East Kazakhstan Region in eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Katonkaragay. It is the easternmost district in Kazakhstan. Population: 28,008 (2013 estimate); 30,056 (2009 census results); 45,149 (1999 census results).
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the 15 U.S. representatives from Ohio, one from each of the state's 15 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, other elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 3, 2022.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
Siege of Shimabara Castle
The siege of Shimabara Castle (December 12, 1637-January 8, 1638) was an unsuccessful siege of the Shimabara Castle by rebel peasants and ronin during Shimabara Rebellion. Although the castle garrison was too weak to defend the castle town, which was completely looted and burned down, the numerically superior rebels were not able to storm the heavily fortified citadel. After a siege that lasted for 20 days, the news of an upcoming Shogunate army forced the rebel forces to retreat to the south, where they fortified themselves in the dilapidated Hara Castle.

Matsukura Katsuie
Matsukura Katsuie (松倉 勝家; 1598 – 1638) (a.k.a. Matsukura Shigetsugu or Shigeharu) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. The son of Matsukura Shigemasa, Katsuie continued his father's policies of extraordinarily high taxation and persecution of Christians, which eventually led to the Shimabara Rebellion.

Although the rebellion was successfully put down, his status and domain were stripped away for misruling in May 1638. After a dead peasant's body was found inside his residence, Katsuie was sent to Edo for further investigation by the government. He was beheaded on August 28, 1638, having been found culpable for abusing his power and disgracing the shogunate. He was the only daimyo to be beheaded during the Edo period (dishonored officials were usually allowed to die by seppuku).
Viechtach
Viechtach (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːçtax] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Regen in Bavaria in Germany. It is situated on the river Schwarzer Regen, 31 km northeast of Straubing, and it is known for the quartz mountains nearby.

Regen (district)
Regen is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Freyung-Grafenau, Deggendorf, Straubing-Bogen and Cham, and by the Czech Republic (Plzeň Region).
Canned tomato
Canned tomatoes, or tinned tomatoes, are tomatoes, usually peeled, that are sealed into a can after having been processed by heat. Industrially produced canned tomatoes are a staple food worldwide, and subject to regular market analysis as well as trade considerations.

Canned tomatoes may be produced either peeled whole, diced, or crushed. Some manufacturers include calcium chloride as a food stabilizer, to retain the shape of the whole or diced tomato; this can be preferred by cooks for recipes where discrete tomato chunks are desirable, such as chili con carne. Crushed tomatoes, tomato purée, tomato sauce and tomato paste typically do not contain calcium chloride, given their more liquid structure.

Tomato purée
Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The main difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce.
Taranagar
Taranagar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated at 28° 41'N 75° 3'E, about 28 miles south of Churu City. Taranagar was earlier known as Reni, named for the lady Rinkali who came here to live from Vishalnagar Koyalapatan, currently Foga in Sardarshar (Rajasthan). Reni was the headquarters of the nizamat and the tehsil of the same name in the state of Bikaner in Rajputana. The nizamat consisted of five eastern tehsils of Bhadra, Churu, Nohar, Rajgarh and Reni. In 1948, the town was renamed for King Tara Singh, who ruled it in the mid-18th century.

Churu, Rajasthan
Churu is a city in the Sekhawati region of Rajasthan state of India. It is known as the gateway to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarter of Churu District. It lies in the Thar Desert on the National Highway 52 connecting Sangrur to Ankola and is a junction station on the railway line to Bikaner. It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya Lal Bagla Ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are life-size marble statues of their deities and a place for prayers. At the center of the town is a fort built about 500 years ago.
Greaves Cotton
Greaves Cotton Ltd. is an Indian conglomerate engineering company that manufactures clean technology powertrain products for petrol, diesel and CNG engines and heavy equipment (automotive and non-automotive). The company is traded on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

The company had 200 distributors, a total of 8,000 retail stores and 20,000 mechanics present all over India in October 2023.

Bombay Stock Exchange
BSE Limited, also known as the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai. Established in 1875, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world. It is the 6th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalisation, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.
Sciaphilus
Sciaphilus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:

Sciaphilus asperatus (Bonsdorff, 1785)

Sciaphilus costulatus Kiesenwetter, 1852

Sciaphilus asperatus
Sciaphilus asperatus is a species of weevil native to Europe. Larvae develop in spring and summer, as this beetle typically overwinters in its adult stage. Females lay between 450 and 700 eggs in the wild.
Scotland women's national under-17 football team
The Scotland women's national under-17 football team, also known as Scotland under-17s or Scotland U17(s), represents Scotland in association football at an under-17 age level and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association, the governing body for football in Scotland.

The team qualified for the 2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship in England following a 2–0 defeat of Finland in the qualifying stage held in Hungary in October 2013. For the European tournament, to be played in November and December 2013, they were drawn in Group B with Germany, Spain and France.

Germany women's national under-17 football team
The Germany women's national under-17 football team (German: Deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft (U-17-Juniorinnen)) represents Germany in international women's association football and is governed by the German Football Association (DFB). The national team was founded in 1992 as U-16 national team. Since the summer of 2001, the age limit is 17.
Ligia occidentalis
Ligia occidentalis, the western sea slater, is a species of sea slater of the family Ligiidae, in the genus Ligia. L. occidentalis is a habitat generalist of rocky shores. It is found on the Pacific coast of North America from Mexico to British Columbia. The western sea slater is separated from  L. pallasii by its much longer uropods and its larger eyes which are set closer together, along with its sleeker body. This species has a tendency to bolt when disturbed. These sea slaters hide in rocky crevices above the high tide line during the day. It may emerge at night or in cooler weather to scavenge for algae and detritus along beaches or rocky cliffs. Western sea slaters must keep their gills moist in order to breathe but they cannot survive long underwater and will drown.

Ligiidae
Ligiidae is a family of woodlice, the only family in the infraorder Diplocheta. The members of this family are common on rocky shores, in similar habitats to those inhabited by species of the bristletail Petrobius and the crab Cyclograpsus.
Way Fong
Way Fong is a frozen dumpling brand. It was named the most popular brand among Serious Eats tasters in 2015.

Way Fong is considered as one of the dominant brands and a major player in the frozen dumplings market.

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
Little Anderson Island
Little Anderson Island is an island, with an area of 13 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Tin Kettle Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait between Flinders and Cape Barren Islands in the Furneaux Group.  The island is joined at low tide to nearby Anderson and Tin Kettle Islands by extensive intertidal mudflats.  The island is part of the Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it holds over 1% of the world populations of six bird species.

Cape Barren Island
Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island, is a 478-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at 715 metres (2,346 ft). The name of the island derives from the cape on the south-eastern point of the island, which was named "Cape Barren"  by Tobias Furneaux in March 1773. Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island. The number of permanent residents is variously estimated around 65-80 (2021/2025), most of whom live in a settlement called "The Corner".
Asabu Station
Asabu Station (麻生駅, Asabu-eki) is a railway station on the Namboku Line in Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Sapporo Municipal Subway. The station is numbered N01.

While situated relatively close to Shin-Kotoni Station on the Sasshō Line, there are no transfer passageways between the two stations. To reach Shin-Kotoni, you must take Exit 3 and walk outside for 200m.

Sapporo Municipal Subway
The Sapporo Municipal Subway (札幌市営地下鉄, Sapporo Shiei Chikatetsu) is a rapid transit system in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Operated by the Sapporo City Transportation Bureau, it is the only subway system on the island of Hokkaido, and also the country's only subway system that is entirely rubber-tired.
Songs from the West Coast Tour
The Songs from the West Coast Tour was a concert tour by Elton John that took place between 2001 and 2002 to promote John's latest album at that time, Songs from the West Coast.

The 2001 leg visited Canada, the United States, Mexico and Japan. It was the first time John had visited Japan since 1998 Face to Face. It was also the first time John visited Mexico since the One Tour in 1992.

It was the first tour for Nigel Olsson to play drums for the Elton John Band since 1984's Breaking Hearts Tour.

The tour continued in 2002 after Face to Face 2002 and a tour of Australia. The tour started in Benidorm, Spain and came to a close in Birmingham, England on 15 December.

Face to Face 1998
Riding on the success of their previous two tours, Elton John and Billy Joel once again hit the stadiums in 1998. The production had previously only toured the United States and Canada, but this time they visited Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Europe, avoiding any North American cities.

On 6 June, Joel pulled out of a concert at Wembley Stadium in London, England due to illness. John performed the show without him, playing several of Joel's songs. The same happened in Zurich, Switzerland at Letzigrund Stadium on 30 June; this was the last night of the 1998 tour.

Joel stated in 2012 that he would no longer tour with John because it restricts his setlists.
Marklite
Marklite is a hydrated copper carbonate mineral named after Gregor Markl, a German mineralogist at the University of Tübingen.  Markl found the type specimen of marklite in the dumps of the Friedrich-Christian mine in the Black Forest Mountains in southwestern Germany.  Markl specializes in crustal petrology and geochemistry and has studied the hydrothermal ore deposits of the Black Forest area.  Jakub Plášil of the Institute of Physics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and colleagues identified its structure.

Marklite crystals are long, thin blades that reach 0.2 mm in length. The mineral is chemically similar to georgeite, claraite, cuproartinite, azurite, and malachite.

Georgeite
Georgeite is an extremely rare, X-ray amorphous copper hydroxycarbonate mineral, related to crystalline copper carbonates such as malachite. It occurs as pale blue, powdery or gel-like coatings in the oxidation zones of copper-bearing ores and was first identified in 1979.
Sir Edward Winnington, 1st Baronet
Sir Edward Winnington, 1st Baronet (c. 1728 – 9 December 1791) was the son of Edward Winnington of Broadway, son of Francis Winnington of Broadway, son of Sir Francis Winnington and younger brother of Francis Winnington.

Upon the death of Rt Hon. Thomas Winnington in 1746, the Stanford Court estate was left to Edward Winnington of Broadway, and then passed to this Edward. He was created a baronet in 1755 and sat as MP for Bewdley from 1761 to 1774.  He died in 1791 and was succeeded by his only son Sir Edward Winnington, 2nd Baronet.

Francis Winnington (lawyer)
Sir Francis Winnington (7 November 1634 – 1 May 1700) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1677 and 1698. He became Solicitor-General to King Charles II.
Vadim Beroev
Vadim Borisovich Beroev (Russian: Вади́м Бори́сович Беро́ев, Ossetian: Беройты Барисы фырт Вадим; 1937–1972) was a Soviet theatre and film actor of Ossetian origin, best known for roles in Major Whirlwind (1967) and No Path Through Fire (1968). He was awarded Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1969. He is the grandfather of actor Egor Beroev.

Honored Artist of the RSFSR
Honored Artist of the RSFSR (Russian: Заслуженный артист РСФСР, Zasluzhenny artist RSFSR) was an honorary title granted to Soviet artists, including theatre and film directors, choreographers, music performers, and orchestra conductors, who had outstanding achievements in the arts, and who lived in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) from 1931 to 1991.
1978–79 Northern League (ice hockey) season
The 1978-79 Northern League season was the 13th season of the Northern League, the top level ice hockey league in northern England and Scotland. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Murrayfield Racers won the championship. The top four teams qualified for the Spring Cup, which served as the Northern League playoffs.

Murrayfield Racers
The Murrayfield Racers were an ice hockey team based in Edinburgh, Scotland who were founded in 1952 as the Murrayfield Royals before changing their name to the Murrayfield Racers in 1966.

The team won the British Championship four times in four consecutive seasons from 1969 until 1972. The club was also the 1986–87 and 1987–88 British Ice Hockey League Champions and played in the BHL Premier Division from 1982 to 1995.

The Racers won the Northern League on seven occasions – in 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1980 and 1980 and the Benson & Hedges Cup in 1993.

In the mid-90s the club became the Edinburgh Racers before folding due to financial issues in 1996.

The Murrayfield Racers brand was resurrected in 2018.