hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blue-throated barbet
The blue-throated barbet (Psilopogon asiaticus) is a green Asian barbet native to the foothills of the Himalayas and Southeast Asia.  It inhabits lowland and montane forests at elevations of 200–2,000 m (660–6,560 ft), frequenting fruiting trees.  Due to its green colour, it is difficult to spot but is easily located by its continual loud calls.  Sexes are similar in most respects and share domestic duties.

Psilopogon
Psilopogon is a genus of Old World barbets that used to include only a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is nested within an evolutionary branch consisting of Asian barbets that were formerly placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1841. Since Psilopogon was proposed by Salomon Müller already in 1835, this name takes priority.

The name Psilopogon combines the Ancient Greek psilos meaning "bare" and pōgōn meaning "beard".
Vutrisiran
Vutrisiran, sold under the brand name Amvuttra, is a medication used for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. It is a double stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA; also called RNA interference or RNAi therapeutic) that interferes with the expression of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Transthyretin is a serum protein made in the liver whose major function is transport of vitamin A and thyroxine. Rare mutations in the transthyretin gene result in accumulation of large amyloid deposits of misfolded transthyretin molecules most prominently in peripheral nerves and the heart. Patients with hATTR typically present with polyneuropathy or autonomic dysfunction followed by cardiomyopathy which, if untreated, is fatal within 5 to 10 years.

Vutrisiran was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2022, in the European Union in September 2022, and in Australia in June 2024.

Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) after transcription, preventing translation. It was discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. and Craig Mello at the University of Massachusetts in Worcester.
Elattoneura leucostigma
Elattoneura leucostigma is a species of damselfly in the family Platycnemididae known commonly as the smoky-winged threadtail. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is known from only one location. It has not been found in any recent surveys. It is known from streams in dense forest habitat, and the area has undergone habitat destruction and pollution of local waterways.

Platycnemididae
The Platycnemididae are a family of damselflies.
They are known commonly as white-legged damselflies. There are over 400 species native to the Old World. The family is divided into several subfamilies.
Gandzasar monastery
Gandzasar (Armenian: Գանձասար) is a 13th-century Armenian Apostolic cathedral (historically a monastery) near the village of Vank, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan. It has historically been the most important church of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) since its foundation. One of the finest pieces of Armenian architecture of the mid-1200s, the building is best known among scholars for its richly decorated dome.

In Azerbaijan, where it is referred to as "Ganjasar" (Azerbaijani: Gəncəsər), the history of the monastery is falsified. Azerbaijan authorities deny its Armenian heritage and instead call it a "Caucasian Albanian temple."

Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin (Armenian: Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին, romanized: Mayr At’oř Surb Ēĵmiatsin), known in Armenian as simply the Mother See (Մայր Աթոռ, Mayr At’oř),  is the governing body of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is headquartered around Etchmiadzin Cathedral in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia and is the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians, the head of the church.
Bofors 120 mm Automatic Gun L/46
Bofors 120 mm Automatic Gun L/46, most commonly referred to as either Bofors FAK 120 or Bofors TAK 120 depending on the configuration (field gun vs naval gun), was a Swedish liquid-cooled single-barreled 120 mm (4.7 in) caliber long-range anti-aircraft autocannon designed by Bofors during the 1950s for indigenous use and export.

It was produced in two different variants during the 1950s and 1960s respectively, a field variant and a naval variant, and the latter still being in service today with the Indonesian Navy.

Oscillating turret
An oscillating turret is a form of turret for armoured fighting vehicles, both tanks and armoured cars. The turret is unusual in being made of two hinged parts.  Elevation of the gun relies on the upper part of the turret moving relative to the lower part.

Oscillating turrets have rarely been used. Their only widespread use was on two French designs: the AMX-13 light tank and the Panhard EBR armoured car; the Austrian SK-105 Kürassier uses a turret developed from the AMX-13.
Ken DeBauche
Ken DeBauche (born September 26, 1984) from Suamico, Wisconsin is an American former football punter.  Ken signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in April 2008 and subsequently released on July 24, 2008. He played college football at Wisconsin as #94 and was a team captain for the Badgers in his senior season.

Ken attended Green Bay area high school Bay Port High School, in Suamico. Ken was a three-sport athlete playing football, basketball, and baseball during his high school career. His younger brother, Brad DeBauche, was also a punter for the Badgers from 2007 to 2009.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
2011–12 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2011–12 Euro Hockey Tour was the 16th season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started on 10 November 2011 and ended on 29 April 2012. A total of 24 games were played, with each team playing 12 games. The season consisted of the Karjala Tournament, the Channel One Cup, the Oddset Hockey Games, and the Kajotbet Hockey Games. The Czech Republic took their first Euro Hockey Tour gold medal since 1997–98, and thus received the largest prize money of €75,000.

Euro Hockey Tour
The Euro Hockey Tour (EHT) is an annual ice hockey tournament open to national teams of the Czech Republic, Finland, Switzerland and Sweden. The competition is regarded as a preparation for the upcoming World Championships or Olympics, allowing less experienced players to collect valuable ice time in their national colours.
Kenneth Sonderleiter
Kenneth Sonderleiter (c. 1899 - August 25, 1959) was an American bootlegger and businessman in Des Moines, Iowa. He was most active during the Prohibition Era, when he smuggled and sold alcohol illegally throughout the city. In 1931 he was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison for his activities. After release, he became a business owner, running a penny arcade and zoo in Des Moines.

Bureau of Prohibition
The Bureau of Prohibition (or Prohibition Unit) was the United States federal law enforcement agency with the responsibility of investigating the possession, distribution, consumption, and trafficking of alcohol and alcoholic beverages in the United States of America during the Prohibition era. The enumerated enforcement powers of this organization were vested in the Volstead Act. Federal prohibition agents of the Bureau were commonly referred to by members of the public and the press of the day as "prohis," or "dry agents." In the sparsely populated areas of the American west, agents were sometimes called "Prohibition Cowboys." At its peak, the bureau employed 2,300 dry agents.
Leitrim Senior Football Championship
The Leitrim Senior Football Championship is an annual football competition contested by top-tier Leitrim GAA clubs. The Leitrim County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1890.

Leitrim Gaels are the title holders (2025) defeating Ballinamore Seán O'Heslin's in the Final.

Connacht Senior Club Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament played between senior clubs in Connacht, with one qualifying from each of the five individual county championships. The winners of the Connacht football championship qualify for the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.
English cricket team in India and Sri Lanka in 1984–85
The England national cricket team toured India in 1984–85, playing a five-match Test series and five match ODI series versus India. Shortly after they arrived in India, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated; with cricket in India then out of the question for a few weeks, the English team went to Sri Lanka to play a couple of warm-up matches.

The tour was nearly called off after the Deputy High Commissioner of Western India, Percy Norris was shot dead on 27 November in Mumbai, the day after hosting a reception for the England team.

Tim Robinson (English cricketer)
Robert Timothy Robinson (born 21 November 1958) is an English cricket umpire and former cricketer who played in 29 Test matches and 26 One Day Internationals for England from 1984 to 1989. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1987 Cricket World Cup.

Born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, Robinson played for Nottinghamshire from 1978 to 1999, receiving his first team cap in 1983. Robinson was club captain between 1988 and 1995, and was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1986. Robinson was educated at High Pavement Grammar School in Nottingham.
In the Flesh (Star Trek: Voyager)
"In the Flesh" is the fourth episode of season five of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager, the 98th episode overall. It originally aired on November 4, 1998. The story was written by Nick Sagan, son of astronomer Carl Sagan.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Polycarbonate e-passport
A polycarbonate e-passport is a type of travel document that features a biometric data page made from polycarbonate, a durable thermoplastic material, rather than a traditional paper or laminated paper sheet. Polycarbonate passports are designed to improve document durability, security, and resistance to tampering, by laser-engraving information into the inner layers of the plastic, which significantly enhances protection against counterfeiting and ensures greater long-term reliability compared to traditional laminated pages.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
The Gullet
The Gullet is a narrow channel between the eastern extremity of Adelaide Island and the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, separating Hansen Island and Day Island and connecting the heads of Hanusse Bay and Laubeuf Fjord. This area was first explored in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot who, though uncertain of the existence of the channel, sketched its probable position on the charts of the expedition. The channel was first visited and roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. It was resurveyed and given this descriptive name in 1948 by members of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey.

Hanusse Bay
Hanusse Bay is a broad, V-shaped bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The bay is 37 kilometres (20 nmi) long and trends generally north–south. It is bordered by Cape Mascart on Anvers Island, and Shmidt Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula, Loubet Coast. At its north entrance, Isacke Passage separates it from Liard Island. It is bounded to the south by a line from Landauer Point, the north point of Hansen Island and Bagnold Point on Arrowsmith Peninsula.

The bay was discovered and first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the director of the Hydrographic Service of the French Navy  Ferdinand Isidore Hanusse (1848–1921). Isacke Passage was also charted Charcot's expedition. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Captain Christopher J. Isacke, Royal Navy, commanding officer of HMS Endurance in the Antarctic Peninsula area, 1972–74.
Milne-Thomson circle theorem
In fluid dynamics the Milne-Thomson circle theorem or the circle theorem is a statement giving a new stream function for a fluid flow when a cylinder is placed into that flow. It was named after the English mathematician L. M. Milne-Thomson.

Let  be the complex potential for a fluid flow, where all singularities of  lie in . If a circle  is placed into that flow, the complex potential for the new flow is given by

with same singularities as  in  and   is a streamline. On the circle , , therefore

Stream function
In fluid dynamics, two types of stream function (or streamfunction) are defined:

The two-dimensional (or Lagrange) stream function, introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1781, is defined for incompressible (divergence-free), two-dimensional flows.

The Stokes stream function, named after George Gabriel Stokes, is defined for incompressible, three-dimensional flows with axisymmetry.

The properties of stream functions make them useful for analyzing and graphically illustrating flows.

The remainder of this article describes the two-dimensional stream function.
John "Grizzly" Adams
John Adams (also known as James Capen Adams and Grizzly Adams) (October 22, 1812 – October 25, 1860) was a famous California mountain man and trainer of grizzly bears and other wild animals he captured for menageries, zoological gardens and circuses.

Flag of California
The flag of California, known as the Bear Flag, is the official flag of the U.S. state of California. The precursor of the flag was first flown during the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt and was also known as the Bear Flag. A predecessor, called the Lone Star Flag, was used in an 1836 independence movement; the red star element from that flag appears in the Bear Flag of today.
BSA unit twins
The BSA unit twins were a range of unit construction twin-cylinder motorcycles made by the Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) and aimed at the US market. A range of 500 cc (31 cu in), 650 cc (40 cu in) and 750 cc (46 cu in) twins were produced between 1962 and 1972, but they were really developments of the older pre-unit A7/A10 model range with less weight. The engines had a reputation for vibration, but acceleration was good for the time, to a top speed of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).

Models for the US generally had smaller petrol tanks and higher wider handlebars than the UK models, and prior to 1966 different model names were used for the two markets.

The 500cc models were discontinued in 1971 when the single cylinder B50 model was introduced.

The BSA Group faced worsening financial difficulties and in 1973 merged with Norton-Villiers. As part of a rationalisation by the newly formed Norton Villiers Triumph, production of BSA motorcycles ceased.

Lucas Industries
Lucas Industries plc, now known as Lucas Automotive, is one of the world’s oldest continuously trading automotive brands, tracing its origins to 1875 and the first patent issued to its founder, Joseph Lucas.

Based originally in Birmingham, the company grew over the years into a manufacturer and supplier of automotive industry and aerospace industry components to vehicle and aerospace manufacturers around the world.

Lucas continues to operate as a recognised brand for automotive aftermarket products manufactured and distributed by exclusive agreements with established international partners. Lucas products are available in most countries and there are manufacturing plants located in Europe, South America, Tunisia, China, and other locations.
Charles Burnett (RAF officer)
Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Stuart Burnett, KCB, CBE, DSO (3 April 1882 – 9 April 1945) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the first half of the 20th century. He was Air Officer Commanding Iraq Command during the early 1930s. During the Second World War, he served as Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force.

Air officer commanding
Air Officer Commanding (AOC) is a title given in the air forces of Commonwealth (and some other) nations to an air officer who holds a command appointment which typically comprises a large, organized collection of air force assets. Thus, an air vice marshal might be the AOC 38 Group. The equivalent term for army officers is general officer commanding (GOC), from where the air force term was derived.

An air officer heading a particularly large or important command may be called an air officer commanding-in-chief (AOC-in-C).
John H. Van Vliet Jr.
John H. "Jack" Van Vliet Jr (November 9, 1914 – February 5, 2000) was a career United States Army officer. He graduated from the United States Military Academy (U.S.M.A.) in 1937, fought in North Africa with II Corps (United States), and was captured during the Battle of Sidi Bou Zid on February 17, 1943.  While a captive of the Germans, Van Vliet Jr and fellow POW Captain Donald B. Stewart were selected to attend the Katyn Commission investigation into the Polish officers found murdered in the Katyn Forest near Smolensk, Russia. Van Vliet Jr and Stewart were U.S. Registered Code Users who sent coded messages from Oflag 64 to MIS-X in Fort Hunt New Jersey which identified the Soviets as the perpetrators of the massacre. After their liberation, they testified before the United States House Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation of the Facts, Evidence, and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre about their experiences at the Katyn Commission exhumations.

United States House Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation of the Facts, Evidence, and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre
The Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation and Study of the Facts, Evidence, and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre was established by United States House of Representatives in 1951, during the Korean War. At that time, there was concern that the Katyn Massacre could have served as a "blueprint" for the execution of U.S. troops by Communist forces.
Nikolai Lunin (scientist)
Nikolai Ivanovich Lunin (21 May 1854 – 18 June 1937) was a Russian Empire and later Soviet scientist who was the first to discover the existence of vitamins.

As a student in Basel, he fed mice on a diet of proteins, fats, sugar, salts and water, but they died. He concluded that in addition to casein, fat, milk sugar and salts, milk must contain other substances that are indispensable for nutrition.

His dissertation was published abroad in 1881, however other scientists were unable to replicate his work. Lunin had used cane sugar, but others used ill-purified milk sugar, which turned out to contain vitamin B, which saved the mice. Frederick Gowland Hopkins, in his Nobel Prize lecture, references Lunin's work.

Lunin is buried at Volkovo Cemetery in St Petersburg, next to his wife, who died two years before him.

Frederick Gowland Hopkins
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins OM FRS (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins. He also discovered the amino acid tryptophan, in 1901. He was President of the Royal Society from 1930 to 1935.
Franconian Rake
The Franconian Rake (German: Fränkischer Rechen) is the name given to the coat of arms of the region of Franconia in Germany. It is described heraldically as per fess dancetty of three points gules and argent. The points represent a stylised heraldic rake.

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken, pronounced [ˈmɪtl̩ˌfʁaŋkŋ̍] ⓘ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia, Germany, in the west of Bavaria bordering the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; the most populous and largest city is Nuremberg.
Milena Rašić
Milena Rašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милена Рашић; born 25 October 1990) is a Serbian former professional volleyball player. She played for the Serbia women's national volleyball team. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics and also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She is 1.93 m (6 ft 4 in) tall.

2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
The 2018 FIVB Women's Club World Championship was the 12th edition of the tournament. It was held in  Shaoxing, China from 4 to 9 December. Eight teams will compete in the tournament, including four wild cards.
Cerkljanski Vrh
Cerkljanski Vrh (pronounced [tsɛɾˈkljaːnski ˈʋəɾx]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills south of Cerkno in the traditional Littoral region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets and isolated farms of Bende, Kacin, Krog, Zakrog, Hobovše (German: Hobousche bei Neuoßlitz), Lajše, Mator, Na Ravan, Polanc, Stotnikar, Zakrog, and Za Vrhom.

Cerkno
Cerkno (pronounced [ˈtsèːɾknɔ]; Italian: Circhina; German: Kirchheim) is a small town in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
It has around 2,000 inhabitants and is the administrative centre of the Cerkno Hills. It is the seat of the Municipality of Cerkno.

Cerkno is a small but important local cultural center in the traditional Littoral region near Idrija. It is known for the Laufarija carnival, a spring festival with carved wooden masks; for Franja Partisan Hospital (Partizanska bolnica Franja); for a Partisan hospital from World War II; and as a ski resort.
2014 Poznań Open
The 2014 Poznań Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the eleventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Park Tenisowy Olimpia in Poznań, Poland from 12 to 20 July 2014, including the qualifying competition in the first two days.

Park Tenisowy Olimpia
The Park Tenisowy Olimpia is a tennis complex in Poznań, Poland, owned by the city since November 2013. It is the host of the annual ATP Challenger Tour stop, the Poznań Open. The complex consist of two show courts (Kort Centralny and Kort nr 1), three ground courts and five indoor courts.

Main Court (Kort Centralny) holds approximately 1,500 spectators (including places on VIP lounge), and Grandstand (Kort nr 1) holds 720 spectators. During the tournaments the Main Court is upgraded by around 250 seats due to installation of the temporary stand, opposite to the VIP lounge.