hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shell grotto
A shell grotto is a type of folly, a grotto decorated with sea shells.  The shell grotto was a popular feature of many British country houses in the 17th and 18th centuries.  It suited the Baroque and Rococo styles (which used swirling motifs similar to sea shells) and often represented the mimicry of architectural features from the Italian Renaissance (themselves copies from Classical times).  The idea of a grotto was originally a means to enhance a dank undercroft, or provide an antechamber before a piano nobile, but later it became a garden feature independent of the house, sometimes on the edge of a lake, with water flowing through it.

Woburn Abbey
Woburn Abbey (/ˈwoʊbərn/), occupying the east of the village of Woburn, Bedfordshire, England, is a country house, the family seat of the Duke of Bedford.  Although it is still a family home to the current duke, it is open on specified days to visitors, along with the diverse estate surrounding it, including the historic landscape gardens and deer park (by Humphry Repton), as well as more recently added attractions including Woburn Safari Park, a miniature railway and a garden/visitor centre. It was built by William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh.
Adele Woodhouse Erb Sullivan
Adele Woodhouse Erb Sullivan (May 20, 1907 – April 22, 1999) served as the 26th President General of the Daughters of the American Revolution and noted for her 1968 visit to Vietnam with General William C. Westmoreland.

DAR Constitution Hall
DAR Constitution Hall is a concert hall located at 1776 D Street NW, near the White House in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1929 by the Daughters of the American Revolution to house its annual convention when membership delegations outgrew Memorial Continental Hall. The two buildings were later connected by a third structure, which houses DAR Museum, administrative offices, and genealogical library. DAR Constitution Hall is still owned and operated by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. It has been a major cultural center of the city since its construction, and houses its largest auditorium.
Paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer. As art, this is used to create an image or images known as a painting. Paint can be made in many colors and types. Most paints are either oil-based or water-based, and each has distinct characteristics.

Primitive forms of paint were used tens of thousands of years ago in cave paintings.

Clean-up solvents are also different for water-based paint than oil-based paint. Water-based paints and oil-based paints will cure differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object being painted (such as a house).

Powder coating
Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Unlike conventional liquid paint, which is delivered via an evaporating solvent, powder coating is typically applied electrostatically and then cured under heat or with ultraviolet light. The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer. It is usually used to create a thick, tough finish that is more durable than conventional paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metal objects, particularly those subject to rough use. Advancements in powder coating technology like UV-curable powder coatings allow for other materials such as plastics, composites, carbon fiber, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and solid wood to be powder coated, as little heat or oven dwell time is required to process them.
Ohio State Route 546
State Route 546 (SR 546) is a north–south state highway in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. The southern terminus of SR 546 is at a T-intersection with SR 13 nearly two and a half miles (4.0 km) north of Fredericktown. Its northern terminus is at a signalized intersection with the U.S. Route 42 (US 42)/SR 97 concurrency in Lexington.

Established in the late 1930s, SR 546 is a two-lane highway that traverses through northwestern Knox County and southwestern Richland County. For most of its length, the highway passes through primarily rural terrain featuring a mix of forest and farmland.

U.S. Route 42
U.S. Route 42 (US 42) is an east–west United States highway that runs southwest–northeast for 350 miles (560 km) from Louisville, Kentucky to Cleveland, Ohio.  The route has several names including Pearl Road from Cleveland to Medina in Northeast Ohio, Reading Road in Cincinnati, Cincinnati and Lebanon Pike in southwestern Ohio and Brownsboro Road in Louisville. Traveling northeast, the highway ends in downtown Cleveland and traveling southwest ends in Louisville.

Interstate 71 (I-71) fully supplanted US 42 as an interurban highway in the early 1960s, relegating US 42 to its current role as an ordinary town-to-town surface road. Additionally, I-71 passes through Columbus, whereas US 42 bypasses Columbus. It remains intact as a route; no part of it has ever been diverted to any Interstate highway. It is not the "parent" of any US route with a related number.

In spite of its even number, US 42 is posted north–south in Ohio.
John Browning (scientific instrument maker)
John Browning (c. 1831 – 14 December 1925) was an English inventor and manufacturer of precision scientific instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries. He hailed from a long line of English instrument makers and transformed the family business from one dealing in nautical instruments to one specialising in scientific instruments. Browning was particularly well known for his advances in the fields of spectroscopy, astronomy, and optometry.

Fraunhofer lines
The Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral absorption lines. They are dark absorption lines, seen in the optical spectrum of the Sun, and are formed when atoms in the solar atmosphere absorb light being emitted by the solar photosphere. The lines are named after German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, who observed them in 1814.
Interview Waiver Program
The Interview Waiver Program (IWP), also called the Visa Interview Waiver Program, is a program managed by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs under which, under some circumstances, interview requirements can be waived for some nonimmigrant visa applicants. The program has basis in the guidelines provided in the Foreign Affairs Manual 9 FAM 403.5. As of December 2023, some of the previously present clauses of the Interview Waiver Program were retired, and all remaining clauses now have no set expiration date.

Applicants qualifying for interview waivers generally need to submit their passport along with various documentation to the US embassy or consulate processing their case. In some jurisdictions, the location that applicants submit the passport and documentation is called a "dropbox" location, and the terms "dropbox" or "dropbox appointment" may be used instead of "interview waiver" in some contexts.

Bureau of Consular Affairs
The Bureau of Consular Affairs (CA) is a bureau of the United States Department of State reporting to the under secretary of state for management. The mission of the Bureau is to administer laws, formulate regulations and implement policies relating to the broad range of consular services and immigration.
Gun laying
Gun laying or gun training is the process of aiming an artillery piece or turret, such as a gun, howitzer, or mortar, on land, at sea, or in air, against surface or aerial targets. It may be laying for either direct fire, where the gun is aimed directly at a target within the line-of-sight of the user, or by indirect fire, where the gun is not aimed directly at a target within the line-of-sight of the user. Indirect fire is determined from the information or data that is collected, calculated, and applied to physical coordinates to identify the location of the target by the user. The term includes automated aiming using, for example, radar-derived target data and computer-controlled guns.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Hironobu Takesaki
Hironobu Takesaki (竹崎 博允, Takesaki Hironobu; born July 8, 1944) is a Japanese lawyer and a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan. He is a graduate of the University of Tokyo Faculty of Law  and of Columbia Law School.

At age 64, Takesaki replaced Niro Shimada as the Chief Justice when November 21, 2008, the date of Shimada's mandatory retirement, came. He retired in March 2014.

Takesaki has been harshly criticized by former judge Hiroshi Segi in his book Zetubo no Saibansho, where he is alleged to have "ensured judges who issued rulings or published academic papers running counter to his leadership policies were denied promotion and banished to rural areas. As a result, terrified judges learned to kowtow to their superiors and shy away from handing down nonconforming rulings."

Takesaki was replaced by Itsurō Terada as the new Chief Justice on April 1, 2014, the date of Takesaki's retirement.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan
The chief justice of the Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所長官, Saikōsaibansho-chōkan) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Japan and is the head of the judicial branch of the Japanese government.

The chief justice is ceremonially appointed by the emperor of Japan after being nominated by the Cabinet; in practice, this is following the recommendation of the retiring chief justice.
Argentine Army Aviation
The Argentine Army Aviation (Spanish: Comando de Aviación de Ejército, AvEj) is the army aviation branch of the Argentine Army. Their members have the same rank insignia and titles as the rest of the Army. The Army Aviation Command is based at the Campo de Mayo Military Airfield.

Alongside its primary role of supporting Army operations, the Army Aviation is highly involved in humanitarian aid missions, emergency relief, medical evacuations and forest firefighting.

Bell UH-1 Iroquois variants
The Bell UH-1 Iroquois military helicopter, first introduced in 1959, is the first production member of Bell Helicopter's prolific Huey family of helicopters, and was itself developed in over twenty variants, which are listed below.
Steelhead Provincial Park
Steelhead Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Thompson Country region of south central British Columbia, Canada. The facility is at the west end of Kamloops Lake near the town of Savona. On BC Highway 1, the locality is by road about 38 kilometres (24 mi) east of Cache Creek and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Kamloops.

Established in 1993, Steelhead (Sk'emqin) Park is on land that holds significant archeological value. The site had been used by the Secwepemc people for 7,000 to 10,000 years, and in more recent history was the site of a pioneer homestead, ferry landing, and stagecoach depot. A few historical buildings and a cemetery can be found within the park boundaries.

The facility has 44 campsites (10 having water and power connections), picnic tables, showers, and flush toilets. The 38-hectare (94-acre) setting offers mountain and lake views and fishing. The park is open from May 1 until October 12.

Thompson Country
Thompson Country, also referred to as The Thompson and sometimes as the Thompson Valley and historically known as the Couteau Country or Couteau District, is a historic geographic region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, more or less defined by the basin of the Thompson River. This is a tributary of the Fraser; the major city in the area is Kamloops.
Kolomensky District
Kolomensky District (Russian: Коло́менский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Lukhovitsky, Ozyorsky, Stupinsky, Voskresensky, and with Yegoryevsky Districts and the territory of the City of Kolomna. The area of the district is 1,112.28 square kilometers (429.45 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kolomna (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 44,856 (2010 Census); 40,780 (2002 Census); 44,477 (1989 Soviet census).

Ozyorsky District, Moscow Oblast
Ozyorsky District (Russian: Озёрский райо́н) was an administrative and municipal district (raion) in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It was located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district was 549.06 square kilometers (211.99 sq mi). Its administrative center was the town of Ozyory. Population: 35,752 (2010 Census);  35,623 (2002 Census); 11,783 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ozyory accounted for 72.2% of the district's total population.
Za (Armenian letter)
Za (majuscule: Զ; minuscule: զ; Armenian: զա) is the sixth letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the voiced alveolar sibilant /z/ in both Eastern and Western varieties of Armenian. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of ⟨6⟩. Its shape in capital form is similar to the Arabic numeral 2 and two other Armenian letters, Dza ⟨Ձ⟩ and Je ⟨Ջ⟩. Its shape in lowercase form is also similar to the minuscule form of the Latin Q ⟨q⟩, the minuscule form of the Cyrillic letter Ԛ ⟨ԛ⟩, and the minuscule form of another Armenian letter, Gim ⟨գ⟩.

Je (Armenian letter)
Je, or Jheh (majuscule:  Ջ; minuscule: ջ; Armenian: ջե; Classical Armenian: ջէ) is the 27th letter of the Armenian alphabet. It is pronounced as the voiced postalveolar affricate [d͡ʒ] in Eastern Armenian and the voiceless postalveolar aspirated affricate [t͡ʃʰ] in Western Armenian. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it is also used to represent the number 900. It can also be transliterated as ǰ.
Murder of Renisha McBride
The murder of Renisha Marie McBride (April 11, 1994 – November 2, 2013), a 19-year-old African American teenager, occurred on November 2, 2013, in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, United States. Renisha McBride crashed her car while intoxicated at a street in Detroit, and then walked to a neighborhood in Dearborn Heights where she knocked on the door of a house. The homeowner, 54-year-old Theodore Wafer, shot McBride with a shotgun. Wafer contended that the shooting was accidental and that he thought his home was being broken into after he heard her banging on his door at 4:42 in the morning.

Wafer was convicted of second-degree murder on August 7, 2014, and received a sentence of 17 to 32 years in prison. His sentence was re-affirmed in 2022.

Dearborn Heights, Michigan
Dearborn Heights is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Dearborn Heights is located about 12 miles (19 km) west of downtown Detroit. The city shares a small border with Detroit, and is considered a bedroom community. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 63,292.
Zhongzhai, Hunan
Zhongzhai (simplified Chinese: 中寨镇; traditional Chinese: 中寨鎮; pinyin: Zhōngzhài Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 16,130 and an area of 133.9 square kilometres (51.7 sq mi). It borders Hetan Town in the north, Mibei Miao Ethnic Township in the east, Fuluo Town in the west, and Zhuxi Township in the south.

Fuluo
Fuluo (simplified Chinese: 扶罗镇; traditional Chinese: 扶羅鎮; pinyin: Fūluó Zhèn) is a rural town in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China. As of the 2016 census it had a population of 32,116 and an area of 222 square kilometres (86 sq mi). It is surrounded by Yushi Town on the north, Liangsan Town on the west, Hetan Town and Zhongzhai Town on the east, and Gongxi Town on the south.
Dmytro Pidruchnyi
Dmytro Pidruchnyi (Ukrainian: Дмитро Підручний; born 5 November 1991) is a Ukrainian biathlete. He participated at 2014, 2018, 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics. He is 2019 World Champion in pursuit. In March 2022, Pidruchnyi joined the Ukrainian National Guard to fight during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

International Biathlon Union
The International Biathlon Union (IBU; German: Internationale Biathlon-Union) is the IOC (International Olympic Committee) authorized  international governing body of biathlon. Its headquarters were in Salzburg, Austria, until May 2020, when the Federation moved to Anif, on the outskirts of the city. It was rocked by a corruption scandal that broke in 2018, concerning the Russians bribing its top two officials. In 2022 Russia and Belarus were suspended from all international biathlon competitions until further notice.
Baron of Craigie
Baron of Cragie is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland.

The barony was established by crown charter, within and near Dundee. Craigie has long been incorporated within the boundaries of the Royal Burgh of Dundee; before that it was a barony lying on the periphery of the town. The Barony of Craigie is governed under the Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act, Scotland, 2000 which protects the dignity of the title.

Baronies date from the medieval period and were administrative units established by the Scottish king, where the local barons ruled on behalf of the king through a baron court. Their powers were substantial within the barony which included forcing people to fight as soldiers. This was their downfall as some barons took their tenants into rebellions such as the Jacobites in 1745, resulting in Barons' powers being stripped in 1747.

The current noble baron is The Much Honoured Rabbi Robert Owen Thomas III, 1st Baron of Craigie.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Boris Petrovich Polevoy
Boris Petrovich Polevoy, also Polevoi (Russian: Борис Петрович Полевой; 10 May 1918 – 26 January 2002) was a Soviet historian known for his work on the history of the Russian Far East. He was honored in Kamchatka for his work on the study of the region's history,
and has been described in the West as "a leading Soviet specialist on the history of Russian cartography".

Nanai people
The Nanai people (Russian: нанайцы, romanized: nanaitsy) are a Tungusic people of East Asia who have traditionally lived along the Amur (Heilongjiang), Songhua (Sunggari) and Ussuri (Wusuli) rivers on the Middle Amur Basin. The ancestors of the Nanai were the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, which is now the region of Outer Manchuria in Russia's Far Eastern Federal District.

The Nanai language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic family. According to the 2010 census there were 12,003 Nanai in Russia.
Grahame's Corner
Grahame's Corner is a heritage-listed commercial and office building located at 142-144 Pitt Street, in the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by G. A. Morell and built from 1877 to 1882. It is also known as Grahams Corner and the AMFIS Building. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Pitt Street
Pitt Street is a major street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs through the entire city centre from Circular Quay in the north to Waterloo, although today's street is in two disjointed sections after a substantial stretch of it was removed to make way for Sydney's Central railway station. Pitt Street is well known for the pedestrian only retail centre of Pitt Street Mall, a section of the street which runs from King Street to Market Street.

Pitt Street is a one way (southbound only) from Circular Quay to Pitt Street Mall and (northbound only) from Pitt Street Mall to Goulburn Street, while Pitt Street Mall is for pedestrians only. It is dominated by retail and commercial office space.
Nozomi Okuhara
Nozomi Okuhara (奥原 希望, Okuhara Nozomi; born 13 March 1995) is a Japanese badminton player. A former World's number 1 in the BWF rankings for the women's singles, she is well known for her speed, agility and endurance. She won a bronze at the 2016 Summer Olympics, and gold medal at the 2017 World Championships.

BWF Super Series Finals
The BWF Super Series Finals (named as BWF Super Series Masters Finals until 2009) was an annual badminton tournament held at the end of the year where the players with the most points from that calendar year's twelve events of the BWF Super Series competed for total prize money of at least US$ 1,000,000. It was replaced by BWF World Tour Finals in 2018.
Avnede Church
Avnede Church is a Gothic church located some 7 km (4.3 mi) southeast of Nakskov on the Danish island of Lolland. Frescos discovered on the chancel arch during repairs in 2009 are now being restored by the National Museum.

Lolland
Lolland (Danish: [ˈlʌˌlænˀ] ⓘ; formerly spelled Laaland, literally "low land") is the fourth largest island of Denmark, with an area of 1,243 km2 (480 sq mi). Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sund area, it is part of Region Sjælland (Region Zealand). As of 1 January 2022, it has 57,618 inhabitants. Lolland is closely connected to the island of Falster to its east. The locality of Sundby forms a cross-island urban area with Nykøbing Falster, the largest conurbation partially on Lolland. The most populated settlement on Lolland proper is Nakskov.
Santiago Solari
Santiago Hernán Solari Poggio (born 7 October 1976) is an Argentine professional football manager and former player who played as a left midfielder.

He spent the better part of his 16-year professional career in Spain, amassing La Liga totals of 177 matches and 17 goals mainly with Real Madrid, but also played in Italy for Inter Milan, winning 13 major titles between both teams.

Solari began working as a coach in 2013, going on to spend several years associated with Real Madrid in different capacities.

1996–97 Argentine Primera División
The 1996–97 Argentine Primera División was the 106th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from August 23, 1996, to August 13, 1997. Huracán Corrientes (champion of 1995–96 Primera B Nacional) and Unión de Santa Fe promoted from Primera B Nacional.

River Plate won both, Apertura and Clausura championships (27th. and 28th. league titles). On the other hand, Huracán Corrientes and Banfield were relegated with the worst points averages.