hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Women of the Sun (organization)
Women of the Sun (نساء الشمس) is a Palestinian women's organization based in Bethlehem. It was founded in July 2021 and is devoted to a peaceful resolution in the Israel-Palestine conflict. The organization's name is an allusion to Men in the Sun, the 1962 novel by Ghassan Kanafani.

They are a member of Alliance for Middle East Peace. In October 2023, the organization had about 2,800 members: 2,500 in the West Bank and 300 in Gaza. By February 2024, 27 members from the Gaza Strip were known to have died or been killed. By May 2024, the organization had an estimated 3,000 members.

Alliance for Middle East Peace
The Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP) is a group of over 100 leading non-governmental organizations working to foster reconciliation between Israelis and Palestinians, and between Arabs and Jews in Israel and the wider region.

One of ALLMEP's proposals is an independent International Fund for Israeli-Palestinian Peace to support and encourage efforts to build peace in the region. ALLMEP’s initial advocacy in Washington secured dedicated funds for these organizations within the Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation of USAID. ALLMEP later widened its plan, in order to establish an International Fund for Israeli-Palestinian Peace modeled on the International Fund for Ireland which played a notable role in creating a sustainable resolution in Northern Ireland.
Andrey Denisov
Andrey Ivanovich Denisov (Russian: Андре́й Ива́нович Дени́сов; born October 3, 1952) is a Russian diplomat and politician, who served as the Russian Ambassador to China from April 22, 2013 to September 13, 2022 and Russian Ambassador to the United Nations from July 12, 2004 to April 6, 2006. He is fluent in Chinese, as well as English, apart from his native language. Since September 2022 he has been the Senator from Saratov Oblast on the Federation Council.

Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations
The permanent representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations is the leader of Russia's diplomatic mission to the United Nations. Vasily Nebenzya is charged with representing Russia in the United Nations Security Council and the formal meetings of the United Nations General Assembly except the rare occasion when the most senior officials of Russia are present (such as the president of Russia or the minister of foreign affairs). The ambassador must be nominated by the president and confirmed by the Federation Council.

The position of Russian/Soviet permanent representative to the United Nations is the highest position among all the Russian ambassadors. They serve in various organizations and countries at the pleasure of the president.

Vasily Nebenzya was nominated to the position by President Vladimir Putin and was confirmed by the Federation Council. He has been serving since July 27, 2017.
Solerina Mares Novice Hurdle
The Solerina Mares Novice Hurdle is a Grade 3 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland which is open to mares aged four years or older. It is run at Fairyhouse over a distance of 2 miles and 2 furlongs (3,621 metres) and during the race there are ten hurdles to be jumped. The race is for novice hurdlers, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February.

The race was first run in 2011 and was awarded Grade 3 status in 2014.

In 2014 the race was renamed in honour of Solerina, the Irish mare who won 22 races between 2002 and 2006. The race is currently sponsored by EcoFriendly Cups.

Fairyhouse Racecourse
Fairyhouse Racecourse is a horse racing venue in Ireland. It is situated in the parish of Ratoath in County Meath, on the R155 regional road, 3 kilometres (2 mi) off the N3. It hosted its first race in 1848 and since 1870 has been the home of the Irish Grand National steeplechase.

The racetrack itself is a one-mile and 6.5 furlong right-handed circuit, with a 2.5 furlong straight and a slight uphill finish. The main business of Fairyhouse racecourse is betting on the races known traditionally in parts of Ireland as turf accountancy. Admission to Fairyhouse race meetings is free to under-16s along with various other promotions such as concession rates for OAPs and seasonal festivals (i.e. Winter Festival, Easter Festival etc.) It also hosted the first three Witnness music festivals from 2000 to 2002 inclusive.
P. K. Narayanan Nambiar
Paanivadathilakan P. K. Narayanan Nambiar (26 May 1927 – 15 November 2023) was an Indian musician, known for his virtuosity in Mizhavu, a traditional percussion instrument and his scholarship in the art of Koodiyattom. He is considered to be one of the masters of Koodiyattom. In 2008, he was awarded Padmashri by Government of India for his services to the art.

Kerala Kalamandalam
Kerala Kalamandalam, a deemed-to-be-University of Art and Culture by the Government of India, is a major centre for learning Indian performing arts, especially those that developed in the country's southern states, with special emphasis on those from Kerala. The institution, on the banks of the Bharathapuzha river, is situated in the small town of Cheruthuruthi in Thrissur district.
Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia
The Integrated Undersea Surveillance System breast insignia is a military badge of the United States Navy which was officially created by OPNAVINST 1020.5 on 24 December 1990. The insignia is awarded to those personnel who have been trained and qualified in naval sonar and undersea surveillance technology.

Military badges of the United States
Military badges of the United States are awards authorized by the United States Armed Forces that signify rating, qualification, or accomplishment in several career fields, and also serve as identification devices for personnel occupying certain assignments. Personal recognition is granted to service members by a number of awards and decorations.  Together with military decorations, such badges are authorized for wear on military uniforms.

Each of the six military services maintains a separate series of badges that may be awarded to service members, although some badges may be shared between branches. An example of the latter is the Basic Parachutist Badge, which is authorized for wear by all six services. Each service determines how badges are displayed, how many may be worn at one time, and whether badges awarded by other branches may be worn on the uniform. Properly earned foreign badges may also be worn, depending on the branch of service, awarding nation, and type of badge.
Inositol 3-methyltransferase
In enzymology, an inositol 3-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myo-inositol  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myo-inositol, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 3-O-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include inositol L-1-methyltransferase, myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase, S-adenosylmethionine:myo-inositol 1-methyltransferase, myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase (name based on 1L-numbering, system and not 1D-numbering), and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 1-O-methyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism.

Inositol phosphate
Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to hexaphosphorylated inositols. Each form of inositol phosphate is distinguished by the number and position of the phosphate group on the inositol ring.

inositol monophosphate (IP or IP1)

inositol bisphosphate (IP2)

inositol trisphosphate (IP3)

inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4)

inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5)

inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) also known as phytic acid, or phytate (as a salt).

A series of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are carried out by at least 19 phosphoinositide kinases and 28 phosphoinositide phosphatase enzymes allowing for the inter-conversion between the inositol phosphate compounds based on cellular demand.

Inositol phosphates play a crucial role in various signal transduction pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, RNA export, regeneration of ATP and more.
Freddie Spencer Chapman
Frederick Spencer Chapman, DSO & Bar, ED (10 May 1907 – 8 August 1971) was a British Army officer and World War II veteran, most famous for his exploits behind enemy lines in Japanese occupied Malaya. His medals include the Distinguished Service Order and Bar, and the Polar Medal. He also received several unofficial awards: the Gill Memorial Medal, Mungo Park Medal, and the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal.

Augustine Courtauld
Augustine Courtauld (26 August 1904 – 3 March 1959), often called August Courtauld, was a British yachtsman and Arctic explorer, best known for serving as the solo meteorologist of a winter observation post, Icecap Station, located in the interior of Greenland in 1930–1931.
Mool (lineage)
Mool (Maithili: मूल) refers to the root or origin of a group of Maithil Brahmins in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. It indicates the ancestral lineage and the original place of dwelling of a particular clan. It signifies a common ancestral origin, often tracing back to a shared forefather. It is a fundamental genealogical parameter recorded in the Panji system of the Maithil Brahmin in Mithila. Panjikars are the authorised persons responsible for keeping the records of the mools of each individual in the region.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Tiéna Coulibaly
Tiéna Coulibaly (born 1952) is a Malian politician who has served as Minister of Defense in the government of Mali from 2017 to 2020. Previously he was Minister of Finance from 1988 to 1991, and again from 2012 to 2013. Coulibaly was ousted during the 2020 Malian coup d'état and replaced by Colonel Sadio Camara.

Sadio Camara
General Sadio Camara (born 22 March 1979) is a Malian military officer currently serving as Minister of Defence, who took active part in the 2020 Malian coup d'état along with Colonel Assimi Goïta that ousted the government of Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.

He served as Minister of Defense between October 2020 and May 2021 when he was replaced. This prompted a new coup and he was reinstated as Minister of Defense on 11 June 2021, serving again in the charge since then.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
The Notre Dame Fighting Irish are the athletic teams that represent the University of Notre Dame. The Fighting Irish participate in 26 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I intercollegiate sports, with its teams – except for football (FBS Independent) and men's ice hockey (Big Ten) – competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The school colors are gold and blue and the mascot is the Leprechaun. The interscholastic sports program began on November 23, 1887, with football in Notre Dame, Indiana.

Horizon League
The Horizon League is a collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Headquartered in Indianapolis, the league's eleven member schools are located in and near the Great Lakes region and in part of the Southern United States.

The Horizon League founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference. The conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference in 1985 and then the Horizon League in 2001. The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times. The league currently has 11 members.

The Horizon League currently sponsors 19 sports and is a non-football conference.
Murder of William Clayton Jr.
On March 6, 1998, 68-year-old contract courier William Clinton Clayton Jr. was shot to death by an unknown person while he was taking money out of an ATM in downtown Centre, Alabama. The killer was later identified as Keith Edmund Gavin, a resident of Chicago who was out on parole after serving 16 years of a 34-year jail term for a 1982 murder case in his native state of Illinois. Gavin was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death in 1999, and he was incarcerated on death row for about 25 years before he was executed via lethal injection on July 18, 2024.

Supreme Court of Alabama
The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.

The Governor of Alabama may fill vacancies when they occur for the remainder of unexpired terms. The current line-up for the court is all Republican. There is no specific limitation on the number of terms to which a member may be elected. However, the state constitution under Amendment 328, adopted in 1973, prohibits any member from seeking election once they reach age 70.

The Clerk of Court is Margaret "Megan" Byrne Rhodebeck, who assumed the office by appointment on August 1, 2022.
Boeddhistische Omroep Stichting
Boeddhistische Omroep Stichting (abbr. BOS: English: Buddhist Broadcasting Foundation) was a special broadcaster on the Netherlands Public Broadcasting system, which was allowed to broadcast on radio and television because of their religious background. It was one of the "2.42 broadcasters" (named after the Article 2.42 of the Mediawet, the Dutch media law, which allowed faith-based broadcasters to get airtime on radio and TV without having to have any members). The broadcaster was known for broadcasting from a Buddhist perspective.

On 1 January 2016, the 2.42 broadcasters were extinct, including BOS, due to budget cuts at the public broadcasting system. After that, Christian broadcaster KRO-NCRV, in cooperation with the Boeddhistische Unie Nederland (BUN), became responsible for producing programming for the Buddhist community, such as De Boeddhistische Blik.

KRO-NCRV
KRO-NCRV is a Dutch public broadcasting company based in Hilversum established on 1 January 2014 from a merger of the broadcasters Catholic Radio Broadcasting (KRO) and the Dutch Christian Radio Association (NCRV), transmitting on NPO 1, NPO 2 and NPO 3. In 2016, the broadcaster also took on the programming from the former Roman Catholic Church Association (RKK) and proposed to serve "the Catholic and Protestant Christian communities" in the Netherlands.

At the official census by the Media Commission in 2014, KRO-NCRV, in spite of a minor loss of membership, appeared to be the largest broadcaster in the Netherlands at the time, with nearly eight hundred thousand (798,930) members.
George Pulford
John George Pulford (born 1873) was an English professional golfer. His skill on the links enabled him to place high on the leaderboard in several Open Championships. He finished tied for third in both the 1897 Open Championship and the 1907 Open Championship. He was fourth in the 1895 Open Championship and was tied for tenth place in the 1909 Open Championship.

Royal Liverpool Golf Club
The Royal Liverpool Golf Club is a golf club in Wirral in Merseyside, England. It was founded in 1869 on what was then the racecourse of the Liverpool Hunt Club. It received the "Royal" designation in 1871 due to the patronage of Prince Arthur the Duke of Connaught, one of Queen Victoria's younger sons. Robert Chambers and George Morris (younger brother of Old Tom Morris) were commissioned to lay out the original course, which was extended to 18 holes in 1871. Harry Colt, one of the world's leading golf course architects, redesigned the course early in the 20th century, and it has since been tweaked periodically, mainly as a response to advances in equipment.

The Open Championship has been played 13 times at Royal Liverpool Golf Club, most recently in 2023.
Longlands Fell
Longlands Fell is a small fell in the northern part of the English Lake District. It is situated in the high ground known as the Uldale Fells, 5.5 kilometres south west of the village of Caldbeck. It reaches a height of 483 m (1,585 ft) and it is (along with Binsey) the most northerly fell in the Lake District.

Caldbeck
Caldbeck is a village and civil parish in Cumbria, England, historically within Cumberland, it is situated within the  Lake District National Park. Part of the parish lies within the Skiddaw Group SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). The village had 714 inhabitants according to the census of 2001.

Caldbeck is closely associated with neighbouring village Hesket Newmarket, which is 1.5 mi (2 km) to the east. The nearest town is Wigton, 7.8 mi (13 km) north west of the village, Carlisle is 13.8 mi (22 km) to the north, Cockermouth is 17 mi (27 km) to the south and Penrith is 15.7 mi (25 km) to the east.

The parish church is dedicated to St. Kentigern.

Caldbeck's closest fell is High Pike.
Canadian Vickers Vedette
The Canadian Vickers Vedette was the first aircraft designed and built in Canada to meet a specification for Canadian conditions. It was a single-engine biplane flying boat purchased to meet a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) demand for a smaller aircraft than the Vickers Viking with a much greater rate of climb, to be suitable for forestry survey and fire protection work. The type went on to have a long and distinguished career in civil operations in Canada. Most of the topographical maps in use in Canada today are based on photos taken from these aircraft.

Canadian Airways
Canadian Airways Limited was a Canadian regional passenger and freight air service based in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

It was founded by James Armstrong Richardson Sr. in 1926 as Western Canada Airways (WCA), was fully established in 1930 following WCA's acquisition of a number of smaller regional competitors. At its peak, Canadian Airways had a total of 51 aircraft of various types that provided both regular scheduled service between settlements as well as charter service to bush locations.

In 1942, Canadian Airways was absorbed into the fledgling Canadian Pacific Airlines, following Richardson's death three years earlier.
Mad Detective
Mad Detective (Chinese: 神探) is a 2007 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-Fai. Mad Detective was first screened at the 64th Venice International Film Festival, and later premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival, before being released in Hong Kong on 29 November 2007.  The film's screenplay won "Best Screenplay" awards at various Asian film ceremonies.

Hong Kong motion picture rating system
The Hong Kong motion picture rating system (Chinese: 香港電影分級制度; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 din6 jing2 fan1 kap1 zai3 dou6) is a legal system of movie screening and rating. An official government agency issues ratings for any movie that will be shown in Hong Kong cinemas.
Demetri Psaltis
Demetri Psaltis (Greek: Δημήτρης Ψάλτης) is a Greek-American electrical engineer who was the Dean of the School of Engineering at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne from 2007 to 2017. Since 2024 he is a professor emeritus at EPFL. He is one of the founders of the term and the field of optofluidics. He is also well known for his past work in holography, especially with regards to optical computing, holographic data storage, and neural networks. He is an author of over 1100 publications, contributed more than 20 book chapters, invented more than 50 patents, and currently has a h-index of 105.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
Yi Hon (general)
Yi Hon (Korean: 이혼; Hanja: 李渾; 1547–1592) was a Korean military commander active during the mid-Joseon period. A member of the Jeonju Yi clan, he passed the military examination and held posts including Provincial Naval Commander of Right Jeolla and Magistrate of Jeju before becoming Provincial Military Commander of South Hamgyŏng.

At the outset of the Imjin War in 1592, Yi raised loyalist forces in Hamgyŏng and then marched south to reinforce the defence of the capital. At Yangju he joined Yi Yangwŏn and Sin Kak, and their combined army ambushed Japanese troops at Haeyuryŏng, securing Joseon's victory.

Subsequently, returning to Hamgyŏng, Yi was tasked with holding the pass at Ch'ŏllyŏng against Katō Kiyomasa and Mori Katsunobu but failed to halt the advance. Amid the province's collapse and local unrest, he was killed by rebellious residents at Kapsan later in 1592.

Hamgyong Province
Hamgyong Province (Korean: 함경도; Hanja: 咸鏡道; Korean pronunciation: [ha̠m.ɡjʌ̹ŋ.do̞]) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Hamgyong was located in the northeast of Korea. The provincial capital was Hamhung.
Metaphysical Society
The Metaphysical Society was a famous British debating society, founded in 1869 by James Knowles, who acted as Secretary. Membership was by invitation only, and was exclusively male. Many of its members were prominent clergymen, philosophers, and politicians.

James Anthony Froude
James Anthony Froude FRSE (/fruːd/ FROOD; 23 April 1818 – 20 October 1894) was an English historian, novelist, biographer, and editor of Fraser's Magazine. From his upbringing amidst the Anglo-Catholic Oxford Movement, Froude intended to become a clergyman, but doubts about the doctrines of the Anglican church, published in his scandalous 1849 novel The Nemesis of Faith, drove him to abandon his religious career. Froude turned to writing history, becoming one of the best-known historians of his time for his History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada.

Inspired by Thomas Carlyle, Froude's historical writings were often fiercely polemical, earning him a number of outspoken opponents. Froude continued to be controversial until his death for his  Life of Carlyle, which he published along with personal writings of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle. These publications led to persistent gossip and discussion of the couple's marital problems.