hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Shell Filling Factory, Chilwell
The National Shell Filling Factory, Chilwell, was a World War I United Kingdom Government-owned explosives filling factory. Its formal title was National Filling Factory No. 6. It was located near Chilwell, at that time a village, in Nottinghamshire on the main road from Nottingham to Ashby de la Zouch. During the Great War it filled some 19 million shells with high explosives.

Filling factories in the United Kingdom
A filling factory was a manufacturing plant that specialised in filling various munitions, such as bombs, shells, cartridges, pyrotechnics, and screening smokes. In the United Kingdom, during both world wars of the 20th century, the majority of the employees were women.

In World War I, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Munitions was known as a National Filling Factory.

In World War II, a filling factory belonging to the Ministry of Supply was known as a Royal Filling Factory (RFF), or a Royal Ordnance Factory (ROF). These were all part of the Royal Ordnance Factory organisation, owned by the MoS.

The filling of smoke screen canisters and other pyrotechnic devices was also carried out by fireworks manufacturers, particularly in World War II, but these are not specifically covered by this article.
Isaac Sinclair (perfumer)
Isaac Sinclair (born c. 1980) is a perfumer from Auckland, New Zealand. He currently resides in São Paulo, Brazil, where he works as a Master Perfumer for international flavours and fragrance company Symrise. Sinclair is one of the youngest Master Perfumers active today.

Perfumer
A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a nose (French: nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each one alone or in combination with others. They must also know how each reveals itself over time. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for commercial food products.
Miss Universe Malaysia 2005
Miss Malaysia Universe 2005, the 39th edition of the Miss Universe Malaysia, was held on 30 March 2005 at Kuala Lumpur. Angela Gan of Sabah was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Andrea Fonseka of Penang at the end of the event. She then represented Malaysia at the Miss Universe 2005 pageant in Bangkok, Thailand.

Miss Universe Malaysia
Miss Universe Malaysia is an annual national beauty pageant and an organization that selects Malaysia's representative to the annual Miss Universe contest. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age or any other reason), a runner-up is sent.

The current Miss Universe Malaysia is Sandra Lim of Selangor. She was crowned on 6 September 2024 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2024 where she finished at top 30 quarter-finalists.
Oregon Skyline Trail
The Oregon Skyline Trail is a long-distance trail in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The trail extends 428 miles (689 km) from Cascade Locks on the Columbia River south to Siskiyou Summit near the Oregon-California border. The century-old trail is a foot and equestrian path that passes through nine wilderness areas, Crater Lake National Park, and Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument. Historically known as the Oregon Skyline Trail or Skyline Trail, the entire length of the trail was incorporated into the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail in 1968.

Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument
The Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument is a United States national monument that protects 114,000 acres (46,134 ha) of forest and grasslands at the junction of the Cascade Range and the Siskiyou Mountains in Southwestern Oregon and Northwestern California, United States. The monument is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. It was established in a presidential proclamation by President Bill Clinton on June 9, 2000 and expanded by President Barack Obama on January 12, 2017.
Acklam, Middlesbrough
Acklam is a neighbourhood and electoral ward in Middlesbrough, Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is believed that the settlement is Anglo-Saxon in origin, the name is Old English for "place at the oak clearings" or "place of oaks". Acklam was an ancient parish, formerly known as West Acklam to distinguish it from Acklam in Ryedale. At the 2011 census, the Acklam Ward had a population of 6,027. It is in the TS5 postcode area with Ayresome, Brookfield, Linthorpe, parts of Newport and Whinney Banks.

Borough of Middlesbrough
The Borough of Middlesbrough is a district in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Tees Valley region, along with the boroughs of Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar and Cleveland, Hartlepool and Darlington. The district covers the town of Middlesbrough, Nunthorpe civil parish and Stainton and Thornton civil parish. Since its creation in 1974, it has had borough status and the governing Middlesbrough Council became a unitary authority in 1996.
Gluon
A gluon (/ˈɡluːɒn/ GLOO-on) is a type of massless elementary particle that mediates the strong interaction between quarks, acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons bind quarks into groups according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons.

Gluons carry the color charge of the strong interaction, thereby participating in the strong interaction as well as mediating it. Because gluons carry the color charge, QCD is more difficult to analyze compared to quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the photon carries no electric charge.

The term was coined by Murray Gell-Mann in 1962 for being similar to an adhesive or glue that keeps the nucleus together. Together with the quarks, these particles were referred to as partons by Richard Feynman.

Singlet state
In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired. The term "singlet" originally meant a linked set of particles whose net angular momentum is zero, that is, whose overall spin quantum number . As a result, there is only one spectral line of a singlet state. In contrast, a doublet state contains one unpaired electron and shows splitting of spectral lines into a doublet, and a triplet state has two unpaired electrons and shows threefold splitting of spectral lines.
Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri
Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri (officially PM Shri Kendriya Vidyalaya Janakpuri) is a co-educational senior secondary school located in Janakpuri, West Delhi, India. Established in 1973, the school is operated by the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education, Government of India. The institution operates in two shifts, with the second shift commencing in September 2004.

The school holds the unique distinction of having housed the KVS Delhi Regional Office from October 1984 to November 1992. It has been designated as a PM SHRI School under the Government of India's flagship educational initiative aimed at developing model schools across the country.

Atal Innovation Mission
Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), is a Government of India’s initiative under NITI Aayog to promote a innovation and entrepreneurship in the country. It was setup in 2016. The initiative focuses on creation of a problem-solving and innovative mindset in school students. It also seeks to create an ecosystem of entrepreneurship in universities, research institutions, private and MSME sector.
Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)
Ælfgifu was Queen of the English as wife of King Eadwig of England (r. 955–959) for a brief period of time until 957 or 958.

What little is known of Ælfgifu comes primarily by way of Anglo-Saxon charters, possibly including a will, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and hostile anecdotes in works of hagiography. Her union with the king, annulled within a few years of Eadwig's reign, seems to have been a target for factional rivalries which surrounded the throne in the late 950s. By c. 1000, when the careers of the Benedictine reformers Dunstan and Oswald became the subject of hagiography, its memory had suffered heavy degradation. In the mid-960s, however, she appears to have become a well-to-do landowner on good terms with King Edgar and, through her will, a generous benefactress of ecclesiastical houses associated with the royal family, notably the Old Minster and New Minster at Winchester.

Æthelstan Half-King
Æthelstan Half-King (fl. 932–956) was an Ealdorman of East Anglia who served five kings of England, including Edgar, who was brought up by Æthelstan's wife Ælfwynn, following the death of Edgar's mother. He was called the "half-king" because he was respected so highly that kings were said to depend on his advice. Many of Æthelstan's close relatives were also involved in important affairs. Soon after the death of King Eadred in 955 he left his position and became a monk at Glastonbury Abbey.
Monk station
Monk station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Le Sud-Ouest in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves Green Line. The station is located in the Ville-Émard district.

Green Line (Montreal Metro)
The Green Line (French: Ligne verte, pronounced [liɲ vɛʁt]), also known as Line 1 (Ligne 1), is one of the four lines of the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The line runs through the commercial section of downtown Montreal underneath Boulevard de Maisonneuve, formerly Rue de Montigny. It runs mainly on a northeast to southwest axis with a connection to the Orange and Yellow Lines at Berri–UQAM, and with the Orange Line west of downtown at Lionel-Groulx.

The section between Atwater and Frontenac was part of the initial network; the line was extended to Honoré-Beaugrand in 1976 to provide easy access to 1976 Summer Olympics sites. It was extended to Angrignon in 1978. All but three stations — De l'Église, Lionel-Groulx, and Charlevoix — are side platform stations.
2010 United States Senate election in Kentucky
The 2010 United States Senate election in Kentucky took place on November 2, 2010, alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Primaries for each respective party were held on May 18, 2010. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Jim Bunning decided to retire instead of seeking a third term. Republican nominee Rand Paul, an ophthalmologist and son of Congressman Ron Paul, won the open seat against Kentucky Attorney General Jack Conway.

Courier Journal
The Courier Journal, also known as the Louisville Courier Journal (and informally The C-J or The Courier), and called The Courier-Journal between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in Louisville, Kentucky, and owned by USA Today Co., which bills it as "Part of the USA Today Network".

It is the newspaper with the highest number of recorded circulation in Kentucky. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the United States.
Firozpur, Ghazipur
Firozpur Kalan is a village located in Mohammadabad tehsil of Ghazipur district, Uttar Pradesh. It has total 316 families residing. Firozpur has population of 2167 as per Population Census 2011. This village belongs to Varanasi Division . It is located at distance of 13 km towards East from District headquarters Ghazipur, 6 km towards west from Mohammadabad tehsil and at a distance of 357 km towards east from State capital Lucknow.

Mohammadabad, Ghazipur
Yusufpur Mohammadabad is a town and a Township in Ghazipur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Haydaria village near Mohammadabad is the starting point of Purvanchal Expressway (Lucknow to Ghazipur).
Surigao del Sur's at-large congressional district
Surigao del Sur's at-large congressional district is a defunct congressional district that encompassed the entire province of Surigao del Sur in the Philippines. It was represented in the House of Representatives from 1961 to 1972 and in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986. The province of Surigao del Sur was created as a result of the partition of Surigao in 1960 and elected its first representative provincewide at-large during the 1961 Philippine House of Representatives elections. The district remained a single-member district until the dissolution of the lower house in 1972. It was later absorbed by the multi-member Region XI's at-large district for the national parliament in 1978. In 1984, provincial and city representations were restored and Surigao del Sur elected one member for the regular parliament. The district was abolished following the 1987 reapportionment to establish two districts in the province under a new constitution.

Surigao del Sur
Surigao del Sur (Surigaonon: Probinsya nan Surigao del Sur; Cebuano: Habagatang Surigao; Tagalog: Timog Surigao), officially the Province of Surigao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. Its capital is Tandag City while Bislig is the most populous city in the province. Surigao del Sur is situated at the eastern coast of Mindanao and faces the Philippine Sea to the east.
Grand Finale (V8 Supercars)
The Grand Finale, also known as the V8 Ultimate and as The Main Event, was the auto race held as the final round of the V8 Supercar Championship Series from 2001 to 2008. In those years, it was held at Sandown Raceway, Eastern Creek Raceway, the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit and Oran Park Raceway.

Todd Kelly
Todd Evan Kelly (born 9 October 1979) is a retired Australian professional racing driver who competed in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship. He is the older brother of fellow Supercars driver and former Bathurst 1000 winner, Rick Kelly.  He drove for the Holden Racing Team from 2003 until 2007, and Perkins Engineering in 2008. Since 2009, he has been with his family team Kelly Racing (now known as Kelly Grove Racing). He is the youngest driver to have reached 100 starts in the series.
Cornubia City
Cornubia City is a mixed-use development situated north of Durban, South Africa between the towns of Phoenix, Verulam, Mount Edgecombe and uMhlanga.

Launched in 2012, the development project is a joint venture between the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and Tongaat Hulett. 482 homes were constructed in 2014 of the 24,000 residential units planned for the development; 15,000 of which will be low cost homes. A primary school opened 20 July 2015.

Cornubia is the first proposed sustainable and fully integrated human settlement in the region and has been declared a national priority project. It comprises 1,200 hectares (3,000 acres), with 80 hectares (200 acres) earmarked for industrial development and the remainder for commercial, housing and other social and public facilities including schools, clinics, police stations, post offices and multi-purpose halls. The projected completion date is 2030.

N2 (South Africa)
The N2 is a national route in South Africa that runs from Cape Town through George, Gqeberha, East London, Mthatha, Port Shepstone and Durban to Ermelo. It is the main highway along the Indian Ocean coast of the country. Its current length of 2,255 kilometres (1,401 mi) makes it the longest numbered route in South Africa.

Prior to 1970, the N2 designation only applied to the route from Cape Town to Durban.

There are plans to realign the N2 national route from Port Shepstone to Mthatha along a shorter stretch of road that passes through Port Edward, Lusikisiki and Port St. Johns.

The project was initially scheduled for completion in 2024 and is expected to reduce the length of the route by 85 kilometres (53 mi). Combined with the existing N2 route from Mthatha to East London, the realigned route will form the Wild Coast Toll Route.
1988 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1988 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 7–8 record from 1987, finishing at 3–13 and missing the playoffs for a third consecutive season. The 3–13 record in the 1988 season was the Cowboys' second worst season to that point in team history, surpassed only by its winless inaugural season in 1960.

The 1988 season was the final year for head coach Tom Landry, general manager Tex Schramm, and owner Bum Bright. It also featured the rookie season debut of Michael Irvin, one of the franchise's most accomplished players and a Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee.

Tex Schramm
Texas Earnest Schramm Jr. (June 2, 1920 – July 15, 2003) was an American professional football executive who was the original president and general manager of the Dallas Cowboys franchise of the National Football League (NFL). Schramm, usually referred to as "Tex", became the head of the Cowboys when the former expansion team started operations in 1960.
Soltanlı
39°15′41″N 47°02′55″E﻿ / ﻿39.26139°N 47.04861°E﻿ / 39.26139; 47.04861

Soltanlı (Azerbaijani: Soltanly) is a village in the Jabrayil District of Azerbaijan, located on Araz plain, 14 km south of the city of Jabrayil.

Jabrayil
Jabrayil (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl, IPA: [dʒæbɾɑˈjɯl] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, nominally the administrative capital of Azerbaijan's Jabrayil District.

A town with Azerbaijani majority and Armenian plurality at various times during the Russian imperial era, and Azerbaijani majority since the Soviet times, it was abandoned since its destruction by local Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. On 4 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces retook the city during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Reconstruction of the city started in 2021, and the first residents returned in 2024.
Andrew L. Emerson
Andrew Leonard Emerson (1803- March 23, 1835) was an American lawyer and politician from Maine.

Emerson was born in York, Massachusetts in 1803. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy before attending Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1820. He then studied law at Harvard Law School before finishing in the office of Simon Greenleaf. Emerson served two single year terms in the Maine House of Representatives (1828; 1829) and was the first Mayor of Portland, Maine in 1832. The city had previously been organized as a town. However, Emerson was forced to resign in November of that year due to tuberculosis. He died in March 1835 in Florida and is buried at Western Cemetery beside his wife. The Emerson School, built in 1897–1898 in the Munjoy Hill neighborhood, is named in Andrew Emerson's honor. It was used until the 1970s, when it was converted into affordable housing.

Simon Greenleaf
Simon Greenleaf (December 5, 1783 – October 6, 1853), was an American lawyer and jurist. He was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts before moving to New Gloucester where he was admitted to the Cumberland County bar.
Nămoloasa
Nămoloasa is a commune in Galați County, in the Western Moldavia region of Romania. It is composed of three villages: Crângeni, Nămoloasa, and Nămoloasa-Sat.

The commune is located in the south-west of the county, on the border with Brăila County and Vrancea County, at a distance of 50 km (31 mi) from the county seat, Galați. Nămoloasa lies on the right bank of the river Siret, which separates it from the rest of Galați County; the commune can be accessed only through Vrancea County, where there is a bridge over the Siret.

Nămoloasa is geographically part of the strategic Focșani Gate. Nămoloasa was also part of the 19th century Focșani–Nămoloasa–Galați line built to guard this area more properly.

Galați
Galați (UK: /ɡæˈlæts/ gal-ATS, US: /ɡɑːˈlɑːts(i)/ gah-LAHTS(-ee), Romanian: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in eastern Romania. Galați is a port town on the river Danube. and the sixth-largest of all cities on the river Danube. According to the 2021 census it is the 8th most populous city in Romania. Galați is an economic centre based around the port of Galați, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel factory in Romania, Galați steel works.
Yakuza Graveyard
Yakuza Graveyard, known in Japan as Yakuza no Hakaba: Kuchinashi no Hana (やくざの墓場　くちなしの花; "Yakuza Burial: Jasmine Flower"), is a 1976 Japanese yakuza film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. The screenplay by Kazuo Kasahara is based on a concept by Norimichi Matsudaira, Naoyuki Sugimoto and Kyo Namura.

Complex named it number 17 on their list of The 25 Best Yakuza Movies. Kino International released the film on DVD in North America in 2006.

Yakuza film
Yakuza film (Japanese: ヤクザ映画, Hepburn: Yakuza eiga) is a popular film genre in Japanese cinema which focuses on the lives and dealings of yakuza, Japanese organized crime syndicates. In the silent film era, depictions of bakuto (precursors to modern yakuza) as sympathetic Robin Hood-like characters were common.

Two types of yakuza films emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The Nikkatsu studio was known for modern yakuza films inspired by Hollywood gangster films, while Toei was the main producer of what is known as ninkyo eiga (仁侠映画; "chivalry films"). Set in the Meiji and Taishō eras, ninkyo eiga depict honorable outlaws torn between giri (duty) and ninjo (personal feelings).

In contrast to ninkyo eiga, jitsuroku eiga (実録映画; "actual record films") based on real crime stories became popular in the 1970s. These portrayed modern yakuza not as honorable heirs to the samurai code, but as ruthless street thugs living for their own desires.
Uriah Forrest
Uriah Forrest (1756 – July 6, 1805) was an American statesman and military leader from Maryland. Forrest was born in St. Mary's County in the Province of Maryland, near Leonardtown. In his early childhood, he received only limited schooling. He was born into a family with three other brothers.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
Piekary, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Piekary [pjɛˈkarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obrazów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Obrazów, 12 km (7 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Obrazów
Obrazów [ɔˈbrazuf] is a village in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Obrazów. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.